bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital instruments in the educational environment of the system of secondary vocational education
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Tropnikova Valeriya V.
Published: November 2024

The application of digital laboratories using digital sensors and microscopy in chemistry teaching is considered. Their influence on improving the quality of students’ professional training in the conditions of digital transformation of educational environment in curricular and extracurricular training trajectories is evaluated. The aim of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of using digital laboratories; to identify the advantages and potential difficulties of implementing these technologies in the educational process; to develop recommendations for teachers on the optimal use of digital tools in the conditions of digital transformation of education. Methodology. The study includes literature review, experiential learning using digital labs, student and faculty questionnaires, and statistical analysis of data to assess the impact of digital tools on chemistry instruction in medical school. Results. It has been demonstrated that mastering theoretical material in chemistry and the conscious application of digital laboratories during practical sessions contribute to a deeper understanding of chemical processes, enhance students’ motivation to study the subject, and improve their practical skills. This, in turn, leads to an overall increase in academic achievements and the effectiveness of the educational process. Extracurricular trajectories and interdisciplinary projects partially offset the lack of instructional hours by integrating knowledge from various fields, ultimately enhancing the overall value and flexibility of the educational process. Conclusion. It is determined that the educational environment, integrating a set of teaching tools, including digital laboratories and microscopy, into the system of secondary medical education, as well as expanding the use of not only curricular but also extracurricular learning trajectories, promotes deep learning of theoretical material and development of necessary practical skills and professional competencies. Extracurricular learning trajectories effectively compensate for the limited number of teaching hours in chemistry, providing a deeper understanding and application of knowledge.
Ideas for Labor Education of Schoolchildren in the Pedagogical heritage of China of the 20th century
Authors:   Heilongjiang University of Technology, Liu Chunfu , Karnaukh Nadezda Valentinovna ,   Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2024

The article presents an analysis of the process of formation of the labor education system in China in the twentieth century. The purpose of the article is to analyze the development and enrichment of the concept of labor education in China of the twentieth century in accordance with changing historical conditions and tasks put forward by the government of the Republic Methodology. Using the methods of analyzing the works of famous Chinese teachers Tao Xingzhi, Huang Ji, Huang Yanpei, and comparing data obtained from different types of sources, the main stages in the formation of the labor education system in China were identified in the context of the political and economic changes that took place in the country in the 20th century. Research results. An analysis of approaches to defining the concept of “labor education” in Chinese pedagogy is carried out. It was revealed that the formation of the labor education system in the twentieth century was carried out on the basis of the traditions of labor education that developed in China in previous historical periods, the analysis of ideas borrowed from Western pedagogical theories and the experience of Soviet labor education. The idea of combining the efforts of school, family and society in the implementation of labor education deserves attention. The article analyzes the mistakes made in organizing the labor education of schoolchildren during the cultural revolution. Conclusion. The concept of labor education for schoolchildren in 20th-century China combines the ancient and the modern, the national and the foreign. Inheriting and generalizing the experience of labor education in a new democracy, China has found its own path, which corresponds to the reality and purpose of national education.
Application of the Methodology of joint Distributed Activities to ensure the unity of the Structure and Content of Higher Pedagogical Education Programs
Authors:   Federal State University of Education, Golovina Inna V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The key task of the state educational policy of the Russian Federation is the creation of a unified space for training teaching staff. In this regard, it seems relevant to identify the main directions of scientific discourse on the issues of unifying the structure and content of higher pedagogical education programs. The purpose of the article: to substantiate the methodology of joint distributed activities to ensure the unity of the structure and content of pedagogical bachelor’s degree programs. Methodology and research methods: analysis and systematization of scientific publications of the last five years and the work experience of leading Russian universities, methodology of joint distributed activities as a socio-pedagogical basis for the interaction of subjects of professional teacher training. Research results. The advantages and disadvantages of unified approaches to teacher training are revealed. The possibilities of using the methodology of joint distributed activities to level out the problems of introducing the “core of higher pedagogical education” have been demonstrated. A new vector of application of this approach is proposed as a socio-pedagogical basis for the interaction of subjects of the educational process both within the university and at the inter-university level. Conclusion. Joint distributed activity is a sociocultural mechanism and is capable of ensuring the formation of a unified space of higher pedagogical education on the basis of common professional and pedagogical values and culturally appropriate grounds. Key components of the compatibility of distributed actions: a common understanding of the meaning of unity in teacher training, internalization of the goals and principles of the “core” by all participants in the interaction, subjective differentiation of tasks and operations to achieve them, exchange of experience, professional mutual assistance, communication and group reflection. Joint distributed activities combine the jointness and autonomy of the actions of the subjects and ensure movement towards the unity of higher pedagogical education while maintaining the uniqueness of each university and the implementation of the regional specifics of teacher training.
КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СОСТАВА И НАДМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СТРОЕНИЯ УГЛЕЙ РАЗНЫХ СТАДИЙ МЕТАМОРФИЗМА
Authors: А.В. ОБУХОВА , Л.И. КУЗНЕЦОВА , С.С. КОСИЦЫНА , П.Н. КУЗНЕЦОВ
Published: November 2024

С применением комплекса методов - ИК-спектроскопии, рентгенофазового анализа, кинетики набухания в растворителях и сорбции молекулярного йода - определены особенности молекулярного и надмолекулярного строения бурых и каменных углей ряда метаморфизма. Установлены связи надмолекулярного строения углей с показателями молекулярного состава, рассмотрены эволюция структуры углей в ряду метаморфизма и механизмы транспорта молекул растворителей в объем органической массы различных углей.

The features of the molecular and supramolecular structure of brown and bituminous coals at different metamorphisms stages have been determined using a complex of methods: IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, the kinetics of swelling in solvents, and sorption of molecular iodine. The relations of the supramolecular structure of coals with the indicators of molecular composition are established, the evolution of coal structure in the series of metamorphism, the mechanisms of transport of solvent molecules into the volume of the organic mass of various coals are considered.
СИНТЕЗ ТЕТРАМЕТОКСИСИЛАНА ИЗ SIO2-СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОТХОДОВ
Authors: О.В. ПЕРЕРВА , М.В. ДМИТРИЕВА , П.А. СТОРОЖЕНКО
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены опубликованные данные и выполнен анализ технологических аспектов перспективного промышленного процесса бесхлорного получения алкоксисиланов из диоксида кремния. Особое внимание обращено на ключевые вопросы, до настоящего времени не освещенные в литературе. Показано, что сырьевая база синтеза алкоксисиланов может быть расширена за счет микросилики - отхода производства кремния и ферросилиция. Экспериментально подтверждено, что гидроксид калия, используемый как катализатор синтеза алкоксисиланов, может быть рекуперирован и возвращен в процесс. Установлено, что продукты синтеза тетраметоксисилана (Si(OMe)4) из диоксида кремния и диметилкарбоната содержат 55 компонентов (из них 45 высококипящих не идентифицировано). Основными примесями в продуктах реакции являются MeOH, CH2O, MeOMe и (MeO)3SiOSi(OMe)3. Рассмотрены технологические перспективы процесса получения Si(OMe)4 из промышленных отходов.

The published data are considered, and the technological aspects of a promising industrial process for the chlorine-free production of alkoxysilanes from silicon dioxide are analysed. Particular attention is paid to key issues that have not yet been considered in the literature. It is shown that the raw material base for the synthesis of alkoxysilanes can be expanded at the expense of microsilica, waste from the production of silicon and ferrosilicon. It has been experimentally confirmed that potassium hydroxide used as a catalyst for the synthesis of alkoxysilanes can be recovered and returned to the process. It has been established that the products of tetramethoxysilane (Si(OMe)4) synthesis from silicon dioxide and dimethyl carbonate contain 55 components (among them, 45 high-boiling ones have not been identified). The main impurities in the reaction products are MeOH, CH2O, MeOMe, and (MeO)3SiOSi(OMe)3. Technological prospects for the process of obtaining Si(OMe)4 from industrial wastes are considered.
МИКРОКОМПОНЕНТЫ В ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОДАХ НОВОСИБИРСКОЙ ГОРОДСКОЙ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ: РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ, ФОН, АНОМАЛИИ
Authors: А.В. ЧЕРНЫХ , Д.А. НОВИКОВ , А.А. МАКСИМОВА , Ф.Ф. ДУЛЬЦЕВ , А.С. ДЕРКАЧЕВ
Published: November 2024

Исследовано распределение загрязняющих веществ 1 класса опасности и микрокомпонентов в природных водах Новосибирской городской агломерации, где немаловажную роль в загрязнении вод играет не только большое количество транспортных средств, но и промышленных предприятий. Показано, что природные воды в основном гидрокарбонатного кальциевого и кальциево-магниевого состава с величиной общей минерализации от 127 до 910 мг/дм3 и концентрацией кремния 0.14-11.61 мг/дм3. Геохимическая обстановка изменяется от восстановительной (Eh -164.3 мВ) до окислительной (Eh 442.1 мВ), pH 6.9-8.8 с содержанием O2(раств.) 0.48-20.28 мг/дм3. В черте города Новосибирска выявлены превышения фоновых значений по 33 химическим элементам, содержания загрязняющих веществ 1 класса опасности составляют, мг/дм3: для Be (6.4·10-6)-(1.4·10-4), As 0.0003-0.26, Hg (8.33·10-7)-(2.3·10-4), Tl (6.2·10-7)-(8.2·10-5), U (1.3·10-5)-0.21. Активность радона, установленная в природных водах города Новосибирска, изменяется от 1 до 1570 Бк/дм3. Определено, что активному антропогенному воздействию подвержены в основном речные воды Ини, 2-й Ельцовки, Плющихи, Ельцовки, Камышенки и Оби. В подземных водах выявлены большие несоответствия действующим нормативным документам и превышения предельно допустимых концентраций в скважине пос. Кирова (Mn - в 14 раз, Fe - в 10 раз, As - в 5 раз) и в СНТ "Тополь" (Mn - в 59 раз, Fe - в 94 раза, As - в 27 раз).

The distribution of the 1st hazard class substances and trace elements in the natural waters of the Novosibirsk urban agglomeration is investigated. A substantial role in water pollution is played in the study area not only by a large number of vehicles but also industrial enterprises. The composition of natural waters is determined as mainly hydrocarbonate calcium and hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium, with total dissolved solids varying from 127 to 910 mg/dm3, and silicon concentration 0.14-11.61 mg/dm3. The geochemical setting changes from reducing (Eh -164.3 mV) to oxidizing (Eh 442.1 mV), pH 6.9-8.8 with O2(sol.) content 0.48-20.28 mg/dm3. Within the city of Novosibirsk, excesses of background values for 33 elements were revealed; the concentrations of the first hazard class substances are, mg/dm3: Be (6.4·10-6)-(1.4·10-4), As 0.0003-0.26, Hg (8.33·10-7)-(2.3·10-4), Tl (6.2·10-7)-(8.2·10-5), U (1.3·10-5)-0.21. The activity of radon, established in the natural waters of the city of Novosibirsk, varies from 1 to 1570 Bq/dm3. The waters under active anthropogenic load are mainly the river waters of the Inya, the Eltsovka the 2nd, the Plyushchikha, the Eltsovka, the Kamyshenka, and the Ob. In groundwater samples, excesses over the actual normative documents and maximum permissible levels were revealed in the well in Kirov settlement (Mn - by a factor of 14, Fe - 10, As - 5), and in the Topol Gardeners Non-Commercial Partnership (Mn - by a factor of 59, Fe - 94, and As - 27).
Spatial ratios of native and alien species of vascular plants in forests in the southwest of Kyiv and the adjacent areas
Authors:   Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 37 Lebedeva Str., Kyiv 03143, Ukraine, Burda S.M. , Burda R.I. ,   Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 37 Lebedeva Str., Kyiv 03143, Ukraine, Budzhak V.V. ,   Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 37 Lebedeva Str., Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

Using the case of isolated oak-hornbeam forests in the green zone of the Kyiv Urban Area, spatial ratios of native and alien species of vascular plants were determined. The sampling method used by Whittaker (1980) made it possible to discover the following: the abundance of 134 species per 60 m2 in 12 localities varied from 880 to 1 individual/m2 with an average of 106.5 individuals/m2. The total species abundance of alien species ranged from 423 to 1 individual/m2. The highest total abundance values were observed in Adoxa moschatelliana – 880, Impatiens parviflora – 423, Galium odoratum – 371, Rabelera holostea – 367, and Prunus avium – 254 individuals/m2. At five spatial levels in 12 localities, 230 species from 142 genera and 58 families of vascular plants were found, including 48 alien species from 38 genera and 23 families. High species occurrence along with aboriginal forest species (Adoxa moschatelliana in 12 localities, Acer platanoides, Carpinus betulus, Galium odoratum, Prunus avium, Tilia cordata, Viola odorata in 10 localities) is characteristic only of Impatiens parviflora – 12 localities and Acer negundo – 10 localities. In general, the spatial ratios of native and alien species confirm the trends of recreational digression of hornbeam-oak forests in the green zone of the Kyiv Urban Area.
Bird of Minerva Havoc in Hiaasen's Hoot
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Royhan , Agustina Mia Fitria , Trisnawati Ririn Kurnia
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis research aimed to study the connection and its consequences of massive development, particularly on the urban areas, towards burrowing owl's population decline and its effect. MethodThe qualitative method was applied to assist the data analysis process in this research. The data are taken from narrative and dialogue within the story. Ecocriticism theory is also implemented to help analyze the effect of urbanization in the story. Results/findingsThe research found that urbanization has dreadful consequences on environment. Urbanization not only drives burrowing owl's decline in population, it also disrupts the food chain system, and affects the population of pest. ConclusionThe study concluded that the effects of urbanization have a broader impact for the environment. Its negative impact can cause mayhem for human life. In accordance with that, this research suggests that urbanization must be planned carefully and consider the effect for the nature and ecosystem.
Language of Resistance: Linguistic Landscape in the Protest of Kanjuruan Tragedy, Indonesia
Authors: Muassomah Muassomah , Billah Baedt Giri Mukhoddam , Faisol M. , Halimi Halimi
Published: November 2024

PurposeLinguistics landscape (LL) is not only a means of showing the identity of a language but also a constructive effort to fight for justice for society. Landscape in this study is a form of protest against security forces for the loss of life of 135 Aremania fans after watching a soccer match between Arema and Persebaya at the Kanjuruan stadium. This research aims, apart from mapping all signs from aspects of language use patterns, also to conduct a critical analysis of the language used. MethodThis study uses quantitative and qualitative methods based on documentation in the form of billboards, boards, and banners installed in various parts of Malang, Indonesia. Content analysis and critical analysis are used to analyze this research. Results/findingsThe findings of this study show that the language used in the landscape has two forms, monolingual and bilingual. In addition, it indicates that four languages are used in the sign. Indonesian has a higher quantity than English, Javanese, and Arabic.  ConclusionThe language pattern used in the landscape tends to reflect sarcasm, cynicism, and rhetoric. This research suggests conducting a follow-up study that examines the same sign in the broader area, including Malang district and East Java region, to obtain varied data and various sign patterns. Thus the data information obtained is more comprehensive.
Optimizing Pilgrimage Traditions and Community Empowerment: Integration of Spirituality, Socio-Economy, and Technology in Pilgrimage Practices
Authors: Rohanda Rohanda , Saefullah Asep , Yunani Ahmad , Sukmawati Wati Solihat , Matin Usep Abdul
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the optimalization of pilgrimage tradition by integrating social and economic empowerment and the use of technology to enhance spiritual experience, cultural resilience, and their role in strengthening social cohesion. MethodThe study employed a literature review and a theoretical analysis on the concepts of pilgrimage, cultural resilience, and religious tourism in the context of modernization and technology. This study used multi-dimensional approach to analyze the modernization of pilgrimage tradition. Here, this research used the digital technology, while maintaining its spiritual essence and socio-cultural resilience. FindingsThe Findings of the study showed that the pilgrimage tradition and religious tourism can have some contributions. They are empowering local economies through community-based management, strengthening cultural resilience by preserving traditional values, and using technology to improve an accessibility into the quality of spiritual experiences. Additionally, pilgrimage serves as a social interaction platform that fosters harmony in multicultural societies. ConclusionThe optimization of religious tourism supports not only local economic growth, but also cultural preservation, national character building, and the maintenance of social harmony in Indonesia, while preserving its spiritual essence.
Hemoglobinopathies in the Neonate
Authors: Blankenhorn Katrina , Strumph Kaitlin
Published: November 2024

Hemoglobinopathies in neonates constitute a group of disorders influenced by genetic mutations in the human globin genes. They are often broadly categorized into quantitative defects or qualitative defects, though they are not mutually exclusive. In quantitative defects, the mutation causes insufficient production of a normal globin chain, which can range from no production to mild deficiency. These are typically referred to as thalassemias. In qualitative defects, the structure of the hemoglobin is altered. The most common structural hemoglobinopathy is sickle cell disease. During fetal development, distinct globin chains are synthesized, which undergo a progressive switch to adult globin chains perinatally. This affects the timing of the clinical presentation of these disorders and thus, our ability to diagnose them. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, genetic causes, clinical presentation, and general overview and management of common hemoglobin disorders that may be encountered in the neonatal period.
Characteristics and Circumstances of Suicide Among Children Aged 6 to 9 Years: 2006–2021
Authors: Mintz Sasha , Dykstra Heather , Cornette Michelle , Wilson Rebecca F. , Blair Janet M. , Pilkey Diane , Collier Abigael
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Limited research exists on suicide among children aged 5 to 9 years. The objective of this study was to examine characteristics of suicide in children younger than 10 years.

METHODS

Data are from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS) for years 2006 through 2021 for children aged 6 to 9 years who died by suicide. No suicide deaths were reported in NFR-CRS for children aged ≤ 5 years. Descriptive analyses by demographics and circumstances were conducted. A thematic analysis of prevention recommendations made by child death review teams was performed.

RESULTS

From 2006 to 2021, NFR-CRS identified 78 suicide decedents aged 6 to 9 years. The largest share were aged 9 years (72%), male (74%), non-Hispanic Black (42%), and died by hanging (86%) at home (91%). School-related problems (39%), history of child maltreatment (36%), history of mental health services (30%), argument with parents (23%), and familial discord (19%) were common circumstances. Key suicide prevention themes included education for caregivers and school staff, improved behavioral health services, and implementation of school policies and programs.

CONCLUSIONS

Results provide a more complete picture of suicide among younger children, improving understanding of their unique characteristics. It is recommended that program planners consider both age-appropriateness and the impacts of social (eg, racism) and structural inequities in their approaches to prevention, encompassing both community and school-based strategies. For pediatricians, results emphasize the importance of lethal means counseling, safety planning, and educating parents and caregivers on the distinct warning signs of suicide for younger children.
The Circumstances Surrounding Fatal Pediatric Opioid Poisonings, 2004–2020
Authors: Gaither Julie R. , McCollum Sarah , Bechtel Kirsten , Leventhal John M. , Mintz Sasha
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

There is little understanding of the circumstances behind fatal pediatric opioid poisonings. Our objective was to characterize opioid fatalities according to child, family, and household factors.

METHODS

We used data from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System to describe the circumstances behind the deaths of children 0 to 17 years of age who died of an opioid poisoning (ie, prescription opioid, heroin, illicit fentanyl) between 2004 and 2020. Decedents were stratified into age groups: 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–17 years.

RESULTS

The majority (65.3%) of the 1696 fatal opioid poisonings occurred in the child’s own home. Prescription opioids contributed to 91.8% of deaths, heroin contributed to 5.4%, and illicit fentanyl to 7.7%. Co-poisonings with nonopioid substances occurred in 43.2% of deaths. Among 0- to 4-year-olds, 33.9% died of homicide and 45.0% had a primary caregiver with a history of substance use/abuse. Among 10- to 14-year-olds and 15- to 17-year-olds, respectively, 42.0% and 72.8% of decedents had a history of substance use/abuse. In each age group, at least 25.0% of children were victims of previous child maltreatment.

CONCLUSIONS

A history of maltreatment and substance use—whether on the part of the caregiver or the child—are common factors surrounding fatal pediatric opioid poisonings, the majority of which occur in the child’s own home. Families with children of all ages would benefit from interventions focused on opioid prescribing, storage, disposal, and misuse. These findings also underscore the urgency of ensuring that access to naloxone becomes universal for families with a history of maltreatment and/or substance use.
Characteristics of Fatalities Among Sexual- and Gender-Diverse Youth in the United States: 2015–2020
Authors: Duffy Bridget , Nurre O. Madison , Bista Saroj , O’Malley Fiona , Michaels Nichole L.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

Sexual- and gender-diverse youth face unique stressors that negatively impact their health. The objective of this study was to use National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System data to epidemiologically describe fatalities among identified sexual- and gender-diverse youth to inform future prevention efforts.

METHODS

We used 2015 to 2020 data from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System to identify deaths among sexual- and gender-diverse youth and compare their characteristics to a matched sample of youth from these same data who were not known to be sexual- and gender-diverse. Demographic, injury, death, history, and life stressor characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

During the study period, 176 fatalities were identified among sexual- and gender-diverse youth. Decedents’ mean age was 15.3 years. A greater proportion of deaths was attributed to suicide among sexual- and gender-diverse youth (81%) compared with nonsexual- and gender-diverse youth (54%). Receiving prior (69%) and/or current (49%) mental health services was more common among sexual- and gender-diverse youth, compared with nonsexual- and gender-diverse youth (50% and 31%, respectively). Sexual- and gender-diverse youth were significantly more likely to experience problems in school or be victims of bullying, compared with nonsexual- and gender-diverse youth (63% versus 47% and 28% versus 15%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Suicide was the most common manner of death for sexual- and gender-diverse youth, despite many decedents receiving current or prior mental health services. These findings indicate the need to improve and diversify interventions to prevent these deaths.
Breakfast with Jane Austen
Authors: White Eileen
Published: November 2024

The author has contributed the chapter on breakfasts, 'First Things First', to Luncheons, Nuncheons, and other Meals: Eating with the Victorians, papers from the Seventh Leeds Symposium on Food History and Traditions, edited by C Anne Wilson, to be published in the autumn of 1994 by Alan Sutton Publishing.
Rumohr and the Gastronomic Canon
Authors: Symons Michael
Published: November 2024

Michael Symons instigated the Symposiums of Australian Gastronomy in 1984, has published books on Australian cuisine and possesses a PhD in what he calls the sociology of cuisine. Here, he argues the importance of an early nineteenth-century German work on cookery, recently published in English for the first time by Prospect Books.
The immunopathology of coronary microembolization and the underlying inflammopathophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Ma Li , Cai Liping , Pan Jiayue , Cheng Zimin , Lv Yuanyuan , Zheng Jie , Xu Peicheng , Zhang Hong , Chen Xinyu , Huang Yimeng , Luo Xiaolei , Zhao Jinhe , Xu Liang
Published: November 2024

In coronary microembolization, inflammatory cell infiltration, patchy necrosis, and extensive intra-myocardial hemorrhage are dominant, which induce myocardial dysfunction with clinical symptoms of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. Microembolization can lead to obstruction of the coronary microvessels and result in the micro-infarction of the heart. The inflammation and elevated expression of the tumor necrosis factor in cardiomyocytes and the activation of extracellular ERK are involved in initiating the inflammatory response mechanism. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is the enriched pathway, and for controlling, inhibition of PI3K/Akt is necessary. Furthermore, the release of cytokines and the activation of inflammasomes contribute to the enhancement of vascular permeability, which results in edema within the myocardium. The immune response and inflammation represent the primary triggers in this process. The ability to control immune response and inflammation reactions may lead to the development of new therapies for microembolization.
A case with recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis episodes starting soon after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Korkmaz Pelin , Demir Semra , Eyice Karabacak Deniz , Unal Derya , Gelincik Asli
Published: November 2024

Introduction: A patient was presented with a history of idiopathic recurrent anaphylaxis after administration of Pfizer BioNTech mRNA vaccine, and the attacks were controlled with omalizumab. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) after administration of Pfizer BioNTech mRNA vaccine.
Case Presentation: A 52-year-old man with recurrent episodes of IA after COVID-19 vaccination presented to our adult Allergy and Immunology Clinic. In the patient, urticaria and anaphylaxis episodes could not be controlled with high-dose antihistamine and systemic steroid treatment, and complete control was achieved with omalizumab treatment and anaphylaxis attacks completely regressed.
Conclusion: In cases of unexplained or recurrent anaphylaxis in adult patients, COVID-19 vaccination and timing should be questioned, and its association with anaphylaxis might be considered.
Alpha-gal syndrome
Authors: Nalin Francesca , Scarmozzino Rocco , Arcolaci Alessandra , Olivieri Bianca , Tommasi Marina , Bonadonna Patrizia , Zanoni Giovanna
Published: November 2024

N/A
Research on the development of solid soap composition for the prevention and treatment of psoriasis relapse
Authors: Honcharov Ivan , Vyshnevska Liliia , Bodnar Liubov
Published: November 2024

The aim of the research is to develop the composition of solid soaps for the treatment and prevention of exacerbation of psoriasis using a classic recipe based on vegetable oils.
Materials and methods. The studied samples of solid soaps were made based on vegetable oils of domestic and foreign production using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide for their saponification. Citric acid (China, p. K707784), salicylic acid (China, p. Y1504007) and lactobionic acid (Poland, p. 20161118) were used as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Organoleptic (appearance, shape, color, smell) and physico-chemical (mass fraction of fatty acids, initial volume of foam, mass fraction of soda products) studies were carried out following DSTU 4537:2006 Solid toilet soap. General technical conditions. Indicators were chosen as standards for soap of the special - therapeutic brand.
Results. Samples containing a combination of coconut, avocado, castor, jojoba and palm oils, as well as a combination of castor, jojoba, macadamia, mango and avocado oils were found to have insufficient foaming capacity. Most samples are not firm enough, especially those containing rosehip oil. The composition of solid soap based on palm kernel oil, coconut oil, avocado oil, castor oil, almond oil, and olive oil, among others, showed the best organoleptic properties. All the studied samples were within the normal range according to the parameters of the mass fraction of soda products and the mass fraction of fatty acids. At the same time, introducing active substances into the composition did not lead to a deterioration of the developed solid soap's normative or controlled organoleptic and physicochemical properties.
Conclusions. The research conducted made it possible to obtain the optimal composition of solid soap, which can be used to prevent psoriasis exacerbation due to the introduction of pomegranate seed oil. Based on this, solid soaps were created for the treatment of psoriasis in the period of exacerbation, one of which includes lactobionic acid and the other – a combination of citric and salicylic acids
Finding the optimal solution in pharmaceutical technological research using statistical methods with quantitative factors
Authors: Kutova Olga , Sahaidak-Nikitiuk Rita , Kovalevska Inna , Demchenko Nataliya
Published: November 2024

The aim. Developing a methodological approach to determining the optimal solution using statistical methods in pharmaceutical and technological research with quantitative factors on the example of establishing the optimal content of filler in a solid dispersion in the manufacture of granules.
Materials and methods. The methodology for finding an optimal solution is shown in the example of the development of granules containing a solid dispersion of quercetin with polyethylene oxide 6000. To determine the optimal amount of filler, the method of mathematical modelling was applied using statistical analysis and multiple criterion optimization. Software tools such as MS Excel and Mathcad 14 spreadsheets were used to process the experimental data and perform calculations.
Results. The problem is formalized in a form suitable for solving by experimental and statistical methods. The issues of constructing mathematical models in the form of regression equations characterizing the effect of the quantitative content of the filler on several pharmacy-technological parameters of granules based on experimental data are considered. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of using static methods for processing experimental data in pharmaceutical research, namely, on establishing the structure of regression equations and assessing their adequacy. The criterion of multi-criteria optimization is proposed, which is formed based on the obtained regression equations, considering the restrictions imposed on each individual criterion.
Conclusions. A methodological approach to determining the optimal solution in pharmaceutical technological research with quantitative factors using experimental and statistical methods and the theory of multi-criteria optimization has been tested on the example of determining the optimal content of filler in a solid dispersion in the manufacture of granules. The optimal ratio of filler to solid dispersion was determined, which ensures the maximum approximation of all studied pharmacy-technological parameters of granules to their optimal values. None of the indicators exceeds the limits set by the researcher and has the minimum possible deterioration relative to the individually determined optimum
Synthesis, determination of physico-chemical parameters, structure confirmation, and antioxidant activity of compounds based on 3,5-bis(5-mercapto-4-R-4Н-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)phenol
Authors: Sameliuk Yurii , Isaycheva Kseniia , Kaplaushenko Andrii
Published: November 2024

In this study, the potential of using 3,5-bis(5-mercapto-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenol as a critical component for the synthesis of new compounds is considered, which may be of significant importance in various fields of science and technology. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that studying the properties of new synthetic derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole is a promising direction in modern chemistry. This study opens new opportunities for creating biologically active substances with antioxidant activity and the prospect of their further use as individual and combined drugs for correcting pathological processes associated with oxidative stress.
The aim of the study. The main objective of the research is to find new, low-toxic, and highly effective antioxidant compounds based on derivatives of 3,5-bis(5-mercapto-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenol, as well as to confirm the individuality, structure, and establish their physicochemical constants.
Materials and methods. The article investigates the synthesis and establishes the structure of a series of compounds, in particular, diacetic acids and dibenzoic acids, derivatives of 3,5-bis(5-mercapto-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenol, which were chosen as the material for the search for highly effective antioxidants. The methods used in this work are as follows: organic synthesis, physicochemical methods for determining the structure of synthesized substances (elemental analysis, UV spectrophotometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass- and chromato-mass spectrometry), and a biological method for determining antioxidant activity using the free radical method with DPPH.
Results of the study. The results showed that some of the synthesized compounds have significant potential as antioxidants, which may be important in the context of their application in various fields, particularly in medicine and the food industry. Among the obtained results, it is especially worth noting ethyl 3,3'-((((5-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(4-R-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5,3-diyl))bis(sulfandiyl))bis(methylene))dibenzoate (compound 7c) and propyl 3,3'-((((5-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(4-R-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5,3-diyl))bis(sulfandiyl))bis(methylene))dibenzoate (compound 7d), which showed the highest level of antioxidant activity among all the studied compounds.
Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the possible application of the studied compounds as potential antioxidants in the production of materials and products, which may be of great significance for further research in this area
Carpal tunnel syndrome in terms of biomechanics. Literature review
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Peshin Saveliy , Karakulova Julia ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Nyashin Yuriy , Nyashin Maxim
Published: November 2024

Carpal tunnel syndrome is mononeuropathy (damage to one peripheral nerve) of the median nerve as consequence of its compression by surrounding tissues. Carpal syn-drome is included in the group of tunnel neuropathies, of which more than 30 forms are described in the literature, and accounts for up to 9 % of all lesions of peripheral nerves of various etiologies. The prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among people is 150–276 people per 100,000 people. About 4–5 % of the working-age population aged 40 to 60 suffer from CTS. The peculiarity of compression neuropathies is that they have a progressive nature of the course, resistance to treatment and a tendency to recurrence. All of the above leads to a violation of household and labor adaptation, which is a seri-ous medical and social problem. For the first time, carpal tunnel syndrome was described by J. Parget in 1854. This paper describes the need for a biomechanical approach to the study of carpal tunnel syndrome.
The first results of application of electrical stimulation of muscles during walking in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors:   Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute Named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Petrushanskaya Kira , Kotov Sergey , Lizhdvoi Victoria
Published: November 2024

On the basis of a course of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in 9 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the authors revealed peculiarities of the method of artificial cor-rection of movements in this cohort of patients. The authors found that the main features of the FES method, characteristic of other diseases, also remain in patients with MS. However, these patients have specific requirements for the method application, connect-ed with their increased fatigability. Authors suppose, that the following peculiarities may be assumed as the specific ones: short duration of the session (no more than 20 minutes), small number of sessions (8–9), modest quantity of the correctional influences (no more than 4 muscles), low intensity of contraction; session termination with the ap-pearance of minimal fatigue; necessity of complete rest for 1.5 hours before and after the session of FES. Following 76 sessions of FES in 9 patients with MS, the authors revealed the main correctional influences, necessary for this cohort of patients, peculiarities of the temporal and amplitude programs of FES, advantages of multichannel FES over the tradi-tional single-channel FES, usually applied in patients with MS. The example of a certain patient helped the authors to find out, that as long as these conditions can be ensured, considerable improvement of the biomechanical structure of walking is observed in this patient only after 6–7 sessions of FES. This is revealed in a remarkable increase of the mean walking ve-locity, cadence and double step length, in the growth of stability, the diminution of the temporal, kinematic and dynamic asymmetry, in a decrease of recurvation at the knee joint, in an increase of flexion angle at the knee and hip joints, in the appearance of a new element in the curve of knee angle – flexion at the knee joint in the stance phase, in a remarkable strengthening of heel-strike and push-off of the vertical component Rz of the ground reaction force.
Study of electro-physical, rheological properties on the background of investigating iron metabolism in patients with gastric cancer
Authors:   Tbilisi State Medical University, Labadze Ekaterine , Narsia Nugzar , Tsalugelashvili Alexander , Saldanha Carlota ,   MMT Hospital,   University of Lisbon, Kuchava Giorgi ,   Ivane Beritashvili Experimental Center of Biomedicine, Momtselidze Nana ,   Kutaisi University, Mantskava Maia ,   European University
Published: November 2024

It is crucial to conduct research on clinical parameters of different body systems in gastric cancer as it is one of the most serious diseases in the modern world. The aim of our work was to study the rheological properties of blood in gastric cancer, along with the electrophysical properties of blood and iron metabolism in patients with gastric can-cer. The research methods were modern and innovative. The study included patients with stomach cancer and a control group of healthy volunteers. The average age in the studied groups was similar. In all cases participants’ informed consent was obtained. In patients with gastric cancer before surgery the iron and hemoglobin levels were low, transferrin and ferritin remained within normal limits. On the 7th day after the operation, ferritin increased twice, hemoglobin was close to control values. Transferrin and iron remained reduced on the 7th postoperative day. The erythrocyte aggregability index in patients with gastric cancer before surgery was 1.5 times higher compared to the control group. On the 7th day after the operation, the erythrocyte aggregability index improved and increased by only 30 % compared to the control. The index of electrophysical prop-erties in gastric cancer before surgery was changed compared to control values, on the 7th day after surgery, it was also changed. This approach, along with a thorough study of these routine analyzes in gastric cancer, is very important. It turned out that the seven-day postoperative interval was insufficient to normalize the studied parameters. The anal-ysis of such data will make it possible to personalize the therapy of patients with stomach cancer, which is very important for each patient and public health in general.
Development of a set of mathematical models of corneal biomechanical parameters with diagnosed keratoconus before and after treatment with corneal collagen cross-linking
Authors:   Volgograd’s National Medical Research Center “Eye Microsurgery” named after S.N. Fedorov, Solodkova Elena , Malyugin Boris ,   National Medical Research Center “Eye Microsurgery” named after S.N. Fedorov, Zakharov Igor ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Bagmutov Vyacheslav , Fokin Viktor , Balalin Sergey , Lobanov Evgeniy , Le Van Khoang
Published: November 2024

This study is aimed at creation of 3-D geometrical and mechanical finite-element models of the cornea and numerical analysis of its stress-strain state and mechanical behavior under conditions of intraocular pressure and external air jet pressure when diagnosing patients at different stages of keratoconus as well as after treatment with corneal collagen cross-linking. There is created a geometrical model of the cornea in a form of spatial segment of thin-shell convex structure where shell thickness is variable and form of anterior and posterior surfaces is determined arbitrarily by extrapolation of experimental data of corneal topograph-ic study of a specific patient with keratotopograph Pentacam AXL. Material, used for emulation of the cornea, is regarded as heterogeneous, isotropic and nonlinearly elastic. Its coeffi-cients of rigidity are assigned basing on the known experimental data and are adjusted by correlation of parameters on corneal deformation under airflow impulse resulting from numer-ical modeling and their true estimation by noncontact tonometer Corvis ST. To describe air-flow impact occurring in course of tonometry a distributed impulse strain, with parameters corresponding to the settings of airflow impulse of the applied equipment, is effectuated to a part of anterior surface of the emulated shell. If ectatic process is present adjacent to the corneal region in question, local segments with diminishing coefficients of rigidity (from periphery to the center) are applied. Dimen-sions, form, place,quantity of such regions and character of rigidity decrease inside them are derived from solution of inverse problems aimed at minimization of difference between the results of emulation and experimental measurement of keratotopometric and deformational parame-ters in specific points of the cornea. To simulate corneal collagen crosslinking proce-dure, an additional circular zone with enhanced rigidity coefficients is provided. Modifica-tion of rigidity characteristics by depth and radius of this zone, is set in accordance with experimental data on photosensitive agent distribution in course of its diffusion within the cornea and flux density of UV emission.
Mechanics of alpine skiing: turn with side slip and ski judder on carving skis
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Legotin Sergey , Obnosov Konstantin , Rivlin Alexander ,   Training Center of the Ski and Snowboard Federation of Russia
Published: November 2024

In the works published to date, considering the question of mathematical modeling of a ski sliding turn, the parameters of a side cutout of a certain radius characteristic of the design of modern alpine skis are not taken into account. The presence of such a cutout is one of the main factors of the behavior of the ski when performing any turn, including a side-slip turn. The presented work is devoted to the creation of a numerical model of the movement of the mechanical system "skier-skier" when performing a turn on carving skis with lateral slippage and ski judder. In this case, the turn is considered un-der conditions of relative equilibrium in the reference frame associated with the moving center of mass and taking into account the angulation controlled by the skier. As the main assumption of the model, it is assumed that the movement in a sliding turn can be decomposed into orthogonal directions: lateral sliding and movement along the skis according to the algorithm corresponding to a clean-cut turn (carving) [18]. The model takes into account the forces of resistance to movement ‒ the sliding friction force and the aerodynamic drag force. For greater generality and universality, the developed nu-merical model is implemented for dimensionless motion parameters, namely, to describe the dimensionless kinematic characteristics of the motion of the center of mass of the mechanical system under consideration. A system of integral equations is obtained, with the help of which it is possible to find the speed, time and trajectory of the center of mass, as well as to estimate the angles characterizing the position of the skier's body and his skis relative to the slope with various stylistic angulations set by the athlete. The cre-ated model is illustrated by solutions of problems for cases with various dependences of the sliding angle on the angle of movement controlled by the skier.