bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rate and Predictors of Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness Progression in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected and Uninfected Adults: A 48-Week Matched Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hileman Corrilynn O , Carman Teresa L , Longenecker Chris T , Labbato Danielle E , Storer Norma J , White Cynthia A , McComsey Grace A
Published: June 2013

Background

Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progresses faster in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) than the general population. It is unclear if the rate of progression is similarly faster in ART-naive, HIV-infected adults.

Methods

This was a 48-week prospective cohort study to compare change in CIMT and inflammation markers in ART-naive, HIV-infected adults in no immediate need of ART (HIV-positive/ART-naive) and age/sex/body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (HIV-negative).

Results

A total of 85 HIV-positive/ART-naive and 45 HIV-negative participants were enrolled. In the HIV-positive/ ART-naive group, median baseline CD4+ T-cell count and HIV-1 RNA were 535 cells/mm3 and 6,916 copies/ml. Baseline common carotid artery (CCA) and bulb CIMTs were similar between groups. Changes in CIMT to 48 weeks at both sites were not different within- or between-groups (median [IQR] change in HIV-positive/ART-naive versus HIV-negative CCA CIMT -0.0071 mm [-0.0267–0.0233] versus 0.0113 mm [-0.0117–0.0306]; P=0.19 between-groups; and bulb CIMT 0.0017 mm [-0.0367–0.06167] versus 0.01 mm [-0.0383–0.0625]; P=0.54). After adjustment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, change in CCA CIMT was greater in HIV-negative participants (-0.0046 versus 0.0177 mm for HIV-positive/ART-naive versus HIV-negative; P=0.01). In HIV-positive/ART-naive, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumour necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR)-II, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were higher at both time points and D-dimer was higher at week 48 ( P<0.01 for all). IL-6, sTNFR-I and D-dimer increased over 48 weeks in HIV-positive/ART-naive participants ( P<0.01 for all). In HIV-positive/ART-naive participants, independent predictors of greater change in CCA CIMT were higher BMI ( P=0.05) and family history of CVD ( P<0.01) and of greater change in bulb CIMT were higher sTNFR-I ( P=0.03) and higher diastolic blood pressure ( P<0.01).

Conclusions

In ART-naive HIV-infected adults at low risk of HIV disease progression and low cardiovascular risk, CIMT progression rate was similar to matched controls. In addition to traditional CVD risk factors, higher levels of sTNFR-I predicted greater bulb CIMT changes.
Article Commentary: Mortality Due to Viral Hepatitis in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: New Evidence of An Urgent Global Public Health Priority Demanding Action
Authors: Cowie Benjamin C , Carville Kylie S , MacLachlan Jennifer H
Published: June 2013

The recently published Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) contains accurate, contemporary estimates of human morbidity and mortality, with substantial changes in the patterns of illness observed over the last two decades. One of the most significant alterations to these estimates has been the recognition that viral hepatitis is a leading cause of human mortality, with an estimated 1.29 million deaths worldwide in 2010. The global community must act to address emerging health priorities identified by GBD 2010, including the need to provide treatment and care to people living with viral hepatitis, especially in resource-poor settings.
Firm and whole chain success: network management in the Ukrainian food industry
Authors: Gagalyuk T. , Hanf J.H. , Hingley M.
Published: June 2013

This article develops the theoretical foundations of supply chain network management in order to investigate the constructs surrounding whole chain success rather than just success at firm level. It is argued that the ‘network success’ link has been under-studied, with most empirical studies focusing on the achievement of goals by an individual firm in a network context. A model of the whole network's success in the context of supply chain networks in food industry supply chain relationships is used. The results identify that network-level goals must be considered alongside firm-level goals in supply chain networks. Furthermore, network-level goals are subject to the impacts of chain management and have to be of particular interest for focal firms that are responsible for the development and implementation of collective strategies.
Single laboratory method validation comparing MS3 with FI/MS fingerprinting, and quantitation strategies for the accurate determination of ochratoxins in beer
Authors: Lim C.W. , Chan S.H.
Published: June 2013

The current mycotoxin safety concerns demand the availability of reliable and selective control systems to measure the content of mycotoxins present in daily food. To address this, we report a prospective analytical tool involving the application of a flow injection mass spectrometry (FI/MS) tandem artificial neural network (ANN) strategy to predict the amount of ochratoxin A and B (OTA and OTB) in beer. Triple stage mass spectrometry (MS3) aided by chromatographic separation was applied as a reference method for comparison. 0.1% formic acid and methanol were used to convert ochratoxins into their respective ions under negative MS polarity. For experiments involving MS3, ochratoxins were separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography in a 6 min run, ionised using electrospray ionisation, and detected by tandem mass spectrometry. Analyte-specific mass-to-charge ratios were used to perform quantitation in MS3 mode. For experiments involving FI/MS, no chromatographic separation was performed. Approximately 2% of the mass spectra was used for model construction. ANN models representing each ochratoxin were individually trained and validated using three sets of matrix-matched and matrix-free calibration curves at nine concentration levels of 2.5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/l. Quintuplicate analyses were made in FI/ MS mode providing a total of 270 spectra for both OTA and OTB. Single measurement was made for each sample in MS3 mode. A root-mean-square error value of <1% was reported for both ochratoxin models in beer. Limits of quantitation were determined to be 0.2 μg/kg for both MS3 and FI/MS mode. Recovery assessment was performed over two days using beer blanks (n=6) spiked at three concentration levels of 5, 100 and 200 μg/kg. Extraction using acetonitrile provided excellent recovery ranges of 88 to 102% for both MS techniques. Relative standard deviations of 10% or better were achieved for interday spike recovery experiments. The successful utilisation of FI/MS without performing chromatographic separation implies the availability of a new analytical tool relevant to the field of mycotoxin analysis, possibly offering analyte specificity exceeding the capability of MS3 through chemometry.
Validation study on urinary biomarkers of exposure for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in piglets
Authors: Gambacorta S. , Solfrizzo H. , Visconti A. , Powers S. , Cossalter A.M. , Pinton P. , Oswald I.P.
Published: June 2013

The multi-biomarker approach was used to validate urinary biomarkers in piglets administered boluses contaminated with mixtures of deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) at different concentrations. Boluses contaminated with mycotoxins were prepared by slurrying and freezedrying feed material fortified with culture extracts of selected toxigenic fungi. Piglets were individually placed in metabolic cages to collect urine before gavage and 24 h post dose. Urine samples were hydrolysed with β-glucuronidase and analysed by a multi-biomarker LC-MS/MS method developed and validated to identify and measure biomarkers of FB1, OTA, DON, ZEA and AFB1. Urinary levels of FB1, OTA, DON + de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol, ZEA + alphazearalenol and aflatoxin M1 were selected as biomarkers of FB1, OTA, DON, ZEA and AFB1, respectively. Mean percentages of dietary mycotoxins excreted as biomarkers in 24 h post dose urine were 36.8% for ZEA, 28.5% for DON, 2.6% FB1, 2.6% for OTA and 2.5% for AFB1. A good correlation was observed between the amount of mycotoxins ingested and the amount of relevant biomarkers excreted in 24 h post dose urine. Linear dose-response correlation coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.78 for the tested couples of mycotoxin/biomarker. The good sensitivity of the LC-MS/MS method and the good dose-response correlations observed in this study permitted to validate the selected mycotoxin biomarkers in piglets at dietary levels close to the maximum permitted levels reported in Commission Directive 2003/100/EC for AFB1 and the guidance values reported in Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC for DON, ZEA, OTA and FB1.
Why the Bereavement Exclusion Was Introduced in
DSM-III
Authors: Hensley Paula L. , Clayton Paula J.
Published: June 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Understand the usual range of symptoms and associated behaviors that are seen after a person has a significant loss, including psychological symptoms, health behavior, and use of alcohol and medications.

2.

Learn the course of “normal” symptoms of bereavement in the first year after the death of a loved one.

3.

Distinguish between the similarities and differences in ‘normal’ bereavement symptoms and the syndrome of depression and its course, as compared to the symptoms and course of the psychiatric disorder, major depression.

Bereavement is a universal human experience that most people endure with minimal morbidity. However, for some, losing a loved one can lead to the development of a psychiatric illness like chronic depression, the exacerbation of a substance use disorder or persistent complex bereavement disorder or to increased general medical morbidity or mortality. Thus, it is important to recognize the clinical features and time course of “normal” bereavement so that ordinary grief isn’t pathologized and to facilitate recognition of these important complications.
A Pilot Study to Determine the Validity and Reliability of the Level of Reflection-on-Action Assessment
Authors: Padden Mary L.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Level of Reflection-on-Action Assessment (LORAA). The LORAA is an instrument developed to identify the level of reflection achieved by students on their reflective journal entries and includes prompts for the educator to guide students to higher levels of reflection. The LORAA was developed based on a literature review and was content validated by a panel of three experts in reflective learning. Interrater reliability was achieved when pilot tested using five sample student journal entries rated at 0.67 by three independent raters on four entries and at 0.80 with two raters on all five entries. On further testing using a larger sample of 18 student journal entries, interrater reliability was achieved at 0.94 with two raters. The results suggest that the LORAA can be used to determine the level of reflection achieved by students on reflective journal entries. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(7):410–415.]
E-Learning as a Stimulation Methodology to Undergraduate Engineering Students
Authors: Ahmed Waleed Khalil , Zaneldin Essam
Published: June 2013

With the advances of the technology at the last decade, it becomes an essential for teachers to utilize recent advances in technology to enhance learning. Currently, educators are using different software and blended approaches to facilitate better class environments and make course material available to students anytime anywhere. This paper presents the diverse learning technologies used by the Faculty of Engineering at the United Arab Emirates University for teaching pre-engineering freshman students using Blackboard and classroom new technologies. Multiple approaches are adopted and presented in this paper to boost studentsâ?? learning and make course material readily available for all students. These e-learning techniques were used to enhance the teaching of different courses at the foundation level of the faculty of engineering, basically Engineering Materials, Differential Equations and Engineering Applications and eventually Engineering Thermodynamic. Feedback acquired through the students, the result of utilizing the e-learning techniques showed interesting experience and improved students learning abilities.
Technology based learning analysis of CBCS model at KKU - Case study of College of Computer Science King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Muhammad AbdulHafeez , Clementking A , Shah Asadullah , Ahmad Farooq
Published: June 2013

The higher education frame works are attempted to develop the human capital of the country thinking of the next generation technology. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is prioritized the higher education sector is one among the segment in current scenario. The establishment of new universities and the business schools are evidence that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is providing higher education with the Islamic culture and values to build up the upcoming young generation. While providing the higher education model, mostly focused on the four sectors namely Islamic culture and values, basic science for life enhancement, higher education for technology and prepare the potential young youth for employment to buildup the human resource of the country. As part of the national mission and the vision of the country, the educations sectors are distributed the higher education frame work as Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) curriculum into these above stated four sectors. The study is made to analysis the Higher Education frame work of College of Computer Science curriculum, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It evaluates the learnerâ??s suitability potential to meet the enhancement of higher education in the same major subject and Employability in the specified filed with Islamic culture and values.
Ho eschatos: The eschatological Christ and the future of reformed theology
Authors: Coetzee Callie F.C.
Published: June 2013

The doctrine on Christ brings us to the heart of our Christian faith and also that of dogmatics and theology in general. It is therefore not strange that theological research throughout history, and even more so today, focuses to a great extent on Christology. The problem statement of this article is that the traditional reformed doctrine on Christ, and in close connection to that the traditional doctrine on eschatology, is threatened. The aim of the article is to investigate a certain aspect of the current debate from a South African point of view in order to determine what the road ahead should be for reformed theology. This is done from within the paradigm of the Calvinistic-reformed tradition. Apart from a short historical overview, the article deals with the viewpoint of four South African theologians, namely Spangenberg, Van Aarde, Müller and Bosch, whose viewpoints clearly illustrate the difference between a more confessional, Scriptural approach and a more critical approach, especially with regard to the divine nature and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. One’s view on the resurrection of Christ has implications for one’s view on eschatology. It is the task of the reformed theology, in the interim period between the ascension and the second coming of Christ, to proclaim and glorify the risen, eschatological Christ.Die leer aangaande Christus bring ons by die hart van ons Christelike geloof en so ook by die hart van dogmatiek en teologie in die algemeen. Dit is daarom nie vreemd dat teologiese navorsing dwarsdeur die geskiedenis, en ook vandag, op die Christologie fokus nie. Die probleemstelling van hierdie artikel is dat die tradisionele reformatoriese leer aangaande Christus, en in noue verband daarmee ook die tradisionele leer oor die eskatologie, bedreig word. Die doel van die artikel is om ’n bepaalde aspek van die huidige debat te ondersoek vanuit die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks ten einde te bepaal wat die toekomstaak van ’n reformatoriese teologie moet wees. Die ondersoek word gedoen vanuit die paradigma van die Calvinisties-reformatoriese tradisie. Behalwe vir ’n kort historiese oorsig, word die standpunte van vier Suid-Afrikaanse teoloë, naamlik Spangenberg, Van Aarde, Müller en Bosch aan die orde gestel. Uit hierdie standpunte word die verskil tussen ’n meer belydende, Skriftuurlike benadering en ’n meer kritiese benadering duidelik, veral met betrekking tot die Goddelike natuur en die opstanding van Christus. Die siening van die opstanding van Christus het verreikende implikasies vir die leer van die eskatologie. Die taak van ’n reformatoriese Teologie, in die interim tyd tussen hemelvaart en wederkoms, is om die opgestane, eskatologiese Christus te verkondig en verheerlik.
Aerosol variability and atmospheric transport in the Himalayan region from CALIOP 2007–2010 observations
Authors: Bucci S. , Cagnazzo C. , Cairo F. , Di Liberto L. , Fierli F.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Himalayan Plateau is surrounded by regions with high natural and anthropogenic aerosol emissions that have a strong impact on regional climate. This is particularly critical for the Himalayan glaciers whose equilibrium is also largely influenced by radiative direct and indirect effects induced by aerosol burden. This work focuses on the spatial and vertical distribution of different aerosol types, their seasonal variability and sources. The analysis of the 2007–2010 yr of CALIPSO vertically resolved satellite data allows the identification of spatial patterns of desert dust and carbonaceous particles in different atmospheric layers. Clusters of Lagrangian back-trajectories highlight the transport pathways from source regions during the dusty spring season. The analysis shows a prevalence of dust; at low heights they are distributed mainly north (with a main contribution from the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts) and west of the Tibetan Plateau (originating from the deserts of South-West Asia and advected by the westerlies). Above the Himalayas the dust amount is minor but still not negligible (detectable in around 20% of the measurements), and transport from more distant deserts (Sahara and Arabian Peninsula) is important. Smoke aerosol, produced mainly in North India and East China, is subject to shorter range transport and is indeed observed closer to the sources while there is a limited amount reaching the top of the plateau. Data analysis reveals a clear seasonal variability in the frequencies of occurrence for the main aerosol types; dust is regulated principally by the monsoon dynamics, with maxima of occurrence in spring. The study also highlights relevant interannual differences, showing a larger presence of aerosol in the region during 2007 and 2008 yr.
Global carbon monoxide products from combined AIRS, TES and MLS measurements on A-train satellites
Authors: Warner J. X. , Yang R. , Wei Z. , Carminati F. , Tangborn A. , Sun Z. , Lahoz W. , Attié J.-L. , El Amraoui L. , Duncan B.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This study tests a novel methodology to add value to satellite datasets. This methodology, data fusion, is similar to data assimilation, except that the background model-based field is replaced by a satellite dataset, in this case AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. The observational information comes from CO measurements with lower spatial coverage than AIRS, namely, from TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder). We show that combining these datasets with data fusion uses the higher spectral resolution of TES to extend AIRS CO observational sensitivity to the lower troposphere, a region especially important for air quality studies. We also show that combined CO measurements from AIRS and MLS provide enhanced information in the UTLS (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere) region compared to each product individually. The combined AIRS/TES and AIRS/MLS CO products are validated against DACOM (differential absorption mid-IR diode laser spectrometer) in situ CO measurements from the INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment: MILAGRO and Pacific phases) field campaign and in situ data from HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) flights. The data fusion results show improved sensitivities in the lower and upper troposphere (20–30% and above 20%, respectively) as compared with AIRS-only retrievals, and improved coverage compared with TES and MLS CO data.
On the attribution of black and brown carbon light absorption using the Ångström exponent
Authors: Lack D. A. , Langridge J. M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The absorption Ångström exponent (åAbs) of black carbon (BC), or BC internally mixed with non-absorbing material (BCInt), is often used to differentiate the contribution of black carbon, dust and brown carbon to light absorption at low-visible wavelengths. This attribution method contains assumptions with uncertainties that have not been formally assessed. We show that the potential range of åAbs for BC (or BCInt) in the atmosphere can reasonably lead to +7% to −22% uncertainty in BC (or BCInt) absorption at 404nm derived from measurements made at 658 nm. These uncertainties propagate to errors in the attributed absorption and mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of brown carbon (BrC). For data collected during a biomass-burning event, the mean uncertainty in MAE at 404 nm attributed to BrC using the åAbs method was found to be 34%. In order to yield attributed BrC absorption uncertainties of ±33%, 23% to 41% of total absorption must be sourced from BrC. In light of the potential for introducing significant and poorly constrained errors, we caution against the universal application of the åAbs attribution method.
Chemical composition, main sources and temporal variability of PM1 aerosols in southern African grassland
Authors: Tiitta P. , Vakkari V. , Josipovic M. , Croteau P. , Beukes J. P. , van Zyl P. G. , Venter A. D. , Jaars K. , Pienaar J. J. , Ng N. L. , Canagaratna M. R. , Jayne J. T. , Kerminen V.-M. , Kulmala M. , Laaksonen A. , Worsnop D. R. , Laakso L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Southern Africa is a significant source region of atmospheric pollution, yet long-term data on pollutant concentrations and properties from this region are rather limited. A recently established atmospheric measurement station in South Africa, Welgegund, is strategically situated to capture regional background emissions, as well as emissions from the major source regions in the interior of South Africa. We measured non-refractive submicron aerosols (NR-PM1) and black carbon over a one year period in Welgegund, and investigated the seasonal and diurnal patterns of aerosol concentration levels, chemical composition, acidity and oxidation level. Based on air mass back trajectories, four distinct source regions were determined for NR-PM1. Supporting data utilized in our analysis included particle number size distributions, aerosol absorption, trace gas concentrations, meteorological variables and the flux of carbon dioxide. The dominant submicron aerosol constituent during the dry season was organic aerosol, reflecting high contribution from savannah fires and other combustion sources. Organic aerosol concentrations were lower during the wet season, presumably due to wet deposition as well as reduced emissions from combustion sources. Sulfate concentrations were usually high and exceeded organic aerosol concentrations when air-masses were transported over regions containing major point sources. Sulfate and nitrate concentrations peaked when air masses passed over the industrial Highveld (iHV) area. In contrast, concentrations were much lower when air masses passed over the cleaner background (BG) areas. Air masses associated with the anti-cyclonic recirculation (ACBIC) source region contained largely aged OA. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of aerosol mass spectra was used to characterize the organic aerosol (OA) properties. The factors identified were oxidized organic aerosols (OOA) and biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) in the dry season and low-volatile (LV-OOA) and semi-volatile (SV-OOA) organic aerosols in the wet season. The results highlight the importance of primary BBOA in the dry season, which represented (33% of the total OA and peaked when air mass passed over the highly populated and industrialized region (iHV). The significance of aerosol acidity on the evolution of OOA was also discussed.
On the low frequency component of the ENSO-Indian Monsoon relationship; a paired proxy perspective
Authors: Berkelhammer M. , Sinha A. , Mudelsee M. , Cheng H. , Yoshimura K. , Biswas J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. There are a number of clear examples in the instrumental period where positive El Niño events were coincident with a severely weakened summer monsoon over India (ISM). ENSO's influence on the Indian Monsoon has therefore remained the centerpiece of various predictive schemes of ISM rainfall for over a century. The teleconnection between the monsoon and ENSO has undergone a protracted weakening since the late 1980's suggesting the strength of ENSO's influence on the monsoon may vary considerably on multidecadal timescales. The recent weakening has specifically prompted questions as to whether this shift represents a natural mode of climate variability or a fundamental change in ENSO and/or ISM dynamics due to anthropogenic warming. The brevity of empirical observations and large systematic errors in the representation of these two systems in state-of-the-art general circulation models hamper efforts to reliably assess the low frequency nature of this dynamical coupling under varying climate forcings. Here we place the 20th century ENSO-Monsoon relationship in a millennial context by assessing the phase angle between the two systems across the time spectrum using a continuous tree-ring ENSO reconstruction from North America and a speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) based reconstruction of the ISM. The results suggest that in the high-frequency domain (≤ 15 yr), El Niño (La Niña) events persistently lead to a weakened (strengthened) monsoon consistent with the observed relationship between the two systems during the instrumental period. However, in the low frequency domain (≥ 60 yr), periods of strong monsoon are, in general, coincident with periods of enhanced ENSO variance. This relationship is opposite to which would be predicted dynamically and leads us to conclude that ENSO is not pacing the prominent multidecadal variability that has characterized the ISM over the last millennium.
Relationships between environmental governance and water quality in growing metropolitan areas: a synthetic view through the coupled natural and human system lens
Authors: Chang H. , Thiers P. , Netusil N. R. , Yeakley J. A. , Rollwagen-Bollens G. , Bollens S. M. , Singh S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent, growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro areas share many biophysical characteristics, they have different land development histories and water governance structures, providing a unique opportunity for examining a coupled human and natural system (CHANS). We conceptualize feedback loops in which water quality influences governance directly, using monitoring efforts as a metric, and indirectly, using the metric of changes in the sale price of single-family residential properties. Governance then influences water quality directly through, for example, changes in the monitoring regime and riparian restoration and indirectly through land use policy. We investigate these hypotheses by presenting evidence of these linkages. Our results show that changes in monitoring regimes and land use differed in response to differences in governance systems. On the other hand, property sale prices increased in response to water quality improvement for both studied watersheds. Our results show that sales prices responded positively to improved water quality (i.e. DO) in both cities. Furthermore, riparian restoration efforts improved over time for both cities, indicating the positive effect of governance on this land-based resource that may result in improved water quality. However, as of yet, there were no substantial differences across study areas in changes in water temperature over time. While urban areas expanded more than 20% over 24 yr, water temperature did not change. The mechanisms by which water quality was maintained was similar in the sense that both cities benefited from riparian restoration, but different in the sense that Portland benefitted indirectly from land use policy. A combination of a long-term legacy effect of land development and a relatively short history of riparian restoration in both the Portland and Vancouver regions may have masked any subtle differences in both regions. An alternative explanation is that both cities exhibited combinations of positive indirect and direct water quality governance that resulted in maintenance of water quality in the face of increased urban growth. These findings suggest that a long-term water quality monitoring effort is needed to identify the effectiveness of alternative land development and water governance policies.
Stakeholders' issues for action during the warning process and the interpretation of forecasts' uncertainties
Authors: Créton-Cazanave L. , Lutoff C.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This article considers the socio-geographical approach carried out as part of the MedUp program. It presents a study of the ways that the French "actors" manage forecast uncertainties during a flash flood warning process. In order to better understand the role of forecasts' uncertainties in decision making, we focused on the actions people took and how what they say explains their actions. The practices of actors involved in warnings for the Vidourle watershed (Gard, France), in particular, are analyzed using a practice-based approach. A set of categories of the "actors" was developed based on their descriptions of the problems they faced during the flash flood warning, independent of their socio-professional status and position in the warning chain. Five actor profiles result from this: Translators, Managers, Committed, Navigators and Vulnerable. For each profile, specific action contexts are defined, determining how each deals with uncertainty.
Prevalensi cendawan entomopatogenik, Neozygites fumosa (Speare) Remaudie're & Keller (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) pada populasi kutu putih, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara De Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) di wilayah Bogor
Authors: Nurhayati Anik , Anwar Ruly
Published: June 2013

Prevalensi cendawan entomopatogenik, Neozygites fumosa (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) pada kutu putih pepaya, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) telah diteliti pada tanaman pepaya dan ubi kayu di Bogor tahun 2011. Tiga puluh tanaman pepaya dan tiga puluh tanaman ubi kayu diambil sebagai tanaman contoh pada masing-masing lahan pengamatan, di Desa Pasir Gaok, Kecamatan Rancabungur dan Kelurahan Bubulak, Kecamatan Bogor Barat Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 8 kali dengan rentang waktu seminggu sekali untuk penghitungan jumlah populasi kutu putih dan seminggu dua kali untuk pengambilan kutu putih yang terinfeksi cendawan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kutu putih ubi kayu, Phenacoccus manihoti tidak ditemukan pada kedua tanaman di dua lokasi pengamatan. Spesies kutu putih yang ditemukan pada papaya dan ubi kayu adalah kutu putih pepaya, P. marginatus. Populasi kutu tersebut di Wilayah Bogor Barat secara nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi kutu putih di Rancabungur. Populasi P. marginatus pada tanaman pepaya lebih tinggi dibandingkan jumlah P. marginatus pada tanaman ubi kayu. Meskipun demikian, tingkat infeksi N. fumosa pada kutu putih tersebut tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada kedua jenis tanaman maupun pada kedua lokasi pengamatan.
The Link Between SRI and Financial Performance: Effects and Moderators
Authors: Revelli Christophe , Viviani Jean-Laurent
Published: June 2013

Over the last twenty years, the debate on financial performance of socially responsible investment (SRI) has not yielded a clear consensus, arguing mainly that there was no difference in performance between SRI and ‘conventional’ investment, although SRI could underperform or outperform in some cases. Our research, based on a meta-analysis ‘vote-counting’ approach of the empirical literature, allows us to observe that the effects of SRI on financial performance are multiple. Second, we conclude that the financial performance of SRI is radically changing according to the empirical methods employed by researchers.
The homologous recombination machinery modulates the formation of RNA–DNA hybrids and associated chromosome instability
Authors: Wahba Lamia , Gore Steven K , Koshland Douglas
Published: June 2013

Genome instability in yeast and mammals is caused by RNA–DNA hybrids that form as a result of defects in different aspects of RNA biogenesis. We report that in yeast mutants defective for transcription repression and RNA degradation, hybrid formation requires Rad51p and Rad52p. These proteins normally promote DNA–DNA strand exchange in homologous recombination. We suggest they also directly promote the DNA–RNA strand exchange necessary for hybrid formation since we observed accumulation of Rad51p at a model hybrid-forming locus. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Rad51p mediates hybridization of transcripts to homologous chromosomal loci distinct from their site of synthesis. This hybrid formation in trans amplifies the genome-destabilizing potential of RNA and broadens the exclusive co-transcriptional models that pervade the field. The deleterious hybrid-forming activity of Rad51p is counteracted by Srs2p, a known Rad51p antagonist. Thus Srs2p serves as a novel anti-hybrid mechanism in vivo.
miR-124 controls male reproductive success in Drosophila
Authors: Weng Ruifen , Chin Jacqueline SR , Yew Joanne Y , Bushati Natascha , Cohen Stephen M
Published: June 2013

Many aspects of social behavior are controlled by sex-specific pheromones. Gender-appropriate production of the sexually dimorphic transcription factors doublesex and fruitless controls sexual differentiation and sexual behavior. miR-124 mutant males exhibited increased male–male courtship and reduced reproductive success with females. Females showed a strong preference for wild-type males over miR-124 mutant males when given a choice of mates. These effects were traced to aberrant pheromone production. We identified the sex-specific splicing factor transformer as a functionally significant target of miR-124 in this context, suggesting a role for miR-124 in the control of male sexual differentiation and behavior, by limiting inappropriate expression of the female form of transformer. miR-124 is required to ensure fidelity of gender-appropriate pheromone production in males. Use of a microRNA provides a secondary means of controlling the cascade of sex-specific splicing events that controls sexual differentiation in Drosophila.
Scaffold nucleoporins Nup188 and Nup192 share structural and functional properties with nuclear transport receptors
Authors: Andersen Kasper R , Onischenko Evgeny , Tang Jeffrey H , Kumar Pravin , Chen James Z , Ulrich Alexander , Liphardt Jan T , Weis Karsten , Schwartz Thomas U
Published: June 2013

Nucleocytoplasmic transport is mediated by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the nuclear envelope. About 30 different proteins (nucleoporins, nups) arrange around a central eightfold rotational axis to build the modular NPC. Nup188 and Nup192 are related and evolutionary conserved, large nucleoporins that are part of the NPC scaffold. Here we determine the structure of Nup188. The protein folds into an extended stack of helices where an N-terminal 130 kDa segment forms an intricate closed ring, while the C-terminal region is a more regular, superhelical structure. Overall, the structure has distant similarity with flexible S-shaped nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). Intriguingly, like NTRs, both Nup188 and Nup192 specifically bind FG-repeats and are able to translocate through NPCs by facilitated diffusion. This blurs the existing dogma of a clear distinction between stationary nups and soluble NTRs and suggests an evolutionary relationship between the NPC and the soluble nuclear transport machinery.
Rad51, friend or foe?
Authors: Tan-Wong Sue Mei , Proudfoot Nick J
Published: June 2013

A protein long recognized for its role in DNA repair has now paradoxically been implicated in DNA damage.
Investigating La Réunion Hot Spot From Crust to Core
Authors: Barruol Guilhem , Sigloch Karin
Published: June 2013

Whether volcanic intraplate hot spots are underlain by deep mantle plumes continues to be debated 40 years after the hypothesis was proposed by Morgan [1972]. Arrivals of buoyant plume heads may have been among the most disruptive agents in Earth's history, initiating continental breakup, altering global climate, and triggering mass extinctions. Further, with the temporary shutdown of European air traffic in 2010 caused by the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, a geologically routine eruption in the tail end of the presumed Iceland plume, the world witnessed an intrusion of hot spot activity into modern‐day life.
Senate Forum on Shale Gas Development Explores Environmental and Industry Issues
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: June 2013

The U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources brought together industry and environmental leaders for a 23 May forum that focused on industry best practices and environmental concerns related to the current shale gas boom. The boom in shale gas development has been brought about in large part through advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) to increase shale oil and gas production.
Measuring tidal displacement using GPS
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: June 2013

GPS is making possible high‐precision, high‐resolution measurements of tidal displacement that could not be achieved with other methods. Earth's surface deforms due to both body tides—the deformation of the solid Earth due to the pull of the Sun and the Moon—and ocean tides—the redistribution of water mass loading over Earth's surface. Body tides and ocean tides both have components that vary on semidiurnal, diurnal, and longer periods.
UTS‐based foresight optimization of sensor scheduling for low interception risk tracking
Authors: Zhang Zi‐ning , Shan Gan‐lin
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of non‐myopic sensor scheduling as a partially observable Markov decision process in which available sensors are assigned dynamically to observe targets for the trade‐off between the tracking accuracy and the interception risk. Our scheduling problem is difficult to solve using traditional methods due to continuous and high‐dimensional state space. However, foresight optimization restricts the sequence of action mappings to be a stationary action sequence and gives rise to the upper bound of the objective function value, leading to an approximate solution. Furthermore, unscented transformation sampling combined with extended Kalman filtering is proposed to provide an approximate evaluation of the upper bound that results from an action sequence. To determine the best action sequence efficiently, a pruning algorithm is incorporated into the tree‐search techniques. The feasibility and effectiveness of our non‐myopic schemes are verified in a simple simulation experiment that involves multiple radars tracking a single target. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realization of a Titanium Spinal Implant with a Gradient in Porosity by 2‐Component‐Metal Injection Moulding
Authors: Barbosa Ana Paula Cysne , Bram Martin , Stöver Detlev , Buchkremer Hans Peter
Published: June 2013

2‐Component‐Metal Injection Moulding (2‐C‐MIM) is a technique derived from plastics industry which has been adapted to metal powders. In the present work, the production of titanium implants with a gradient in porosity was demonstrated by using this technology, starting from titanium feedstocks with and without space holder particles (NaCl, 350–500 µm). Binder systems specially tailored for the application were developed. Compared to established production routes, the net‐shape fabrication of titanium implants by 2‐C‐MIM promises a significant reduction of cost if aiming at large scale production. The feasibility study was accompanied by a detailed characterisation of each production step of 2‐C‐MIM process including influence of MIM processing on mechanical properties.
Monosomal karyotype improves IPSS‐R stratification in MDS and AML patients treated with Azacitidine
Authors: Cluzeau Thomas , Mounier Nicolas , Karsenti Jean‐Michel , Richez Valentine , Legros Laurence , Gastaud Lauris , Garnier Georges , Re Daniel , Montagne Nathalie , Gutnecht Jean , Gabriel Fuzibet Jean , Auberger Patrick , Raynaud Sophie , Cassuto Jill‐Patrice
Published: June 2013

IPSS‐R classifies cytogenetic abnormalities into five prognostic groups for survival. Monosomal karyotype (MK) is not a subgroup of IPSS‐R. Additional prognostic information from MK in poor and very poor karyotype has been recently shown. The aim of our study was to determine the prognostic value of IPSS‐R and MK for response and survival in AZA‐treated high‐risk MDS and AML with 20–30% of blasts patients. The study population included 154 patients who were classified according to IPSS‐R. IPSS‐R was not predictive of response (intermediate, 64%; poor, 44%; very poor, 56%; P = 0.28) or survival (intermediate, 25 months; poor, 12 months; very poor, 11 months; P = 0.14). Twenty‐one patients (15%) presented with MK and had a median OS of 9 months. Patients with a very high IPSS‐R score without MK had a median OS of 15 months, while patients with a high IPSS‐R score without MK had a median OS of 13 months (P = 0.18). We reclassified patients into the following three groups to include MK status: very high (MK only; OS median: 9 months), high (very high IPSS‐R without MK and high IPSS‐R without MK; OS median: 14 months) and intermediate (OS median: 25 months). As in recent publication including MK prognostic, we confirmed that this classification was predictive for survival in AZA treated patients (P = 0.008). IPSS‐R failed to discriminate between the prognostic subgroups. Stratification with MK has value in the prognosis of our cohort of AZA‐treated patients. Am. J. Hematol. 88:780–783, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The roles of bridging and bonding in social media communities
Authors: Cao Qilin , Lu Yong , Dong Dayong , Tang Zongming , Li Yongqiang
Published: June 2013

Social media communities have emerged recently as open and free communication platforms to support real‐time information sharing among members. Drawing on social capital theories, we develop a theoretical model to investigate how the two types of social capital (bonding and bridging) contribute to the individual and collective well‐being of virtual communities through information exchange. Research hypotheses were tested through survey instruments and computer archive data of 475 members of a large social network site during theWenchuan earthquake (2008) inChina. We find that bonding has a positive and significant impact on bridging. Both bonding and bridging have positive and significant impacts on information quality, but not on information quantity. Results also suggest that information quality is more critical to individuals and collective well‐being than information quantity after a disaster.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Few‐Layer MoO3
Authors: Sreedhara M. B. , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna , Govindaraj A. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: June 2013

Nanosheets of MoO3 that consist of only a few layers have been prepared by using four methods, including the oxidation of MoS2 nanosheets, intercalation with LiBr, and ultrasonication. These nanosheets have been characterized by atomic force microscopy and other techniques. Besides showing a blue‐shift of the optical absorption band compared to the bulk sample, few‐layer MoO3 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity. In combination with a borocarbonitride, few‐layer MoO3 shows good performance characteristics as a supercapacitor electrode.
Greater brain volumes are activated when performing simple calculating tasks in persons accustomed to lower altitudes than those to higher altitudes
Authors: Jiang Yan L. , Liang Willmann , Yao Hong , Yew David T.
Published: June 2013

Chronic exposure to a hypoxic environment results in a number of physiological changes such as cardiac arrhythmia and pulmonary edema. We hereby studied the variations in activation of brain areas during simple calculation tasks between individuals originating from different altitudes. Two groups of subjects, one from 1700 m above sea level (lowlanders) and the other one from at least 3000 m above sea level (highlanders), performed a simple calculation task by heart. The fMRI were taken and horizontal, sagittal, and coronal sections were analyzed to identify activated brain areas. Both lowlanders and highlanders performed the calculation task successfully. Horizontal sections revealed similar activated areas in the deep and anterior part of the right parietal lobe of both lowlanders and highlanders. In the highlanders, coronal and sagittal sections showed lower activities. Smaller brain volumes were activated in the highlanders as shown by the computer brain templates, with fewer total voxels recorded than in the lowlanders (P = 0.003). Computerized comparison of overall active brain regions between lowlanders and highlanders also revealed that smaller brain regions were activated. The results showed that while all subjects completed the task successfully, the highlanders did so using smaller brain regions than the lowlanders.
Neuer Methanol‐Reformer arbeitet unter milden Bedingungen
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: June 2013

Brennstoffzellen sind eine wichtige Säule der Energiewende. Der Einsatz von Wasserstoff in Zellen mit Niedrigtemperatur‐PEM‐Technologie liefert Strom für mobile Anwendungen etwa in Elektromotoren. Ein neuer Katalysator macht Methanol als einfach handhabbaren Wasserstoffspeicher zugänglich, der unter milden Bedingungen Wasserstoff freisetzt.
Relative Paleointensity Recorded in the Core from Northwestern Philippine Sea over the Last 125 ka and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Shu‐Lan GE , Reidar LØVLIE , Xue‐Fa SHI , Xi‐Sheng FANG , Zhi‐Hua CHEN , Yong‐Hua WU
Published: June 2013

Relative paleointensity (RPI) from sediments provides constraints for geomagnetic field modeling and also the age information of deposits. The relative paleointensity in a core from the northwestern Philippine Sea was reported and its possible influencing factors including rock magnetic and sedimentological property are examined. Except for the rotation of declination in the brown clay at lower part of the core, both directions of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and of the geomagnetic field indicate original sedimentary nature. The magnetically uniform sediment conforms to the requirement for relative paleointensity study and the correlation of relative paleointensity proxies NRM/ARM and NRM/κ with PISO1500 and SINT800 produces depth‐age tie points. The sparse oxygen isotopes on paleointensity chronology in this core agree with the global stack LR04, confirming the correlation of paleointensity. NRM/κ is usually lower than NRM/ARM and the latter has no correlation with ARM and ARM/κ and also no astronomical period, but the former is correlated with ARM/κ and κ and a period of 13∼12 ka by spectral and coherence analysis. Therefore NRM/ARM is regarded to shun off imprint of climate. Further investigations of the intensity difference and its influence elements find that differences between NRM/ARM and NRM/κ vary with the super‐paramagnetic content and magnetic size variation, and the latter contributing 90% of the difference. Other elements like carbonate percentage and mineralogy change are not responsible for the difference. How to correct the effect of magnetic size on paleointenstiy estimation is the focus of further work.