bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of microwave lowpass filter based on log periodic zigzag DGS
Authors: Chen Rong-Bin , Ou Xiao-Ou , Li Jia-Lin , Twumasi Baidenger Agyekum
Published: January 2021

This contribution presents, for the first time, the design of microwave lowpass filter with ultrawide stopband and low insertion loss based on the log-periodic zig-zag defected ground structure (DGS); the design is specifically evolved from the principle of the log-periodic line antenna and the slotline based DGS. Based on the log-periodic property, studies show that ultra-wideband suppression can be realized by increasing the flare angle or the angle subtended by each element of the slotline DGS. The developed filter therefore shows low insertion loss of 0.7 dB within the passband, sharp transition between the passband and the stopband and ultra-wide suppression band from 2.61-26.5 GHz with a 20 dB suppression level. The DGS architecture is simple and easy to realize, and the design is thus useful in many microwave applications. The fabricated prototype filter validates the study, both from simulations and from measurements.
Dual-mode resonator filter with improved feed-lines for dual-band applications
Authors: Gao Shan Shan , Li Jia-Lin , Zhu Zhe Lin , Xu Jia Li , Zhao Yong Xin
Published: January 2021

An improved feedline configuration for dual-mode resonator filter is investigated in this paper. Based on the introduced topology, a dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter with center frequencies of 1.8 and 2.4 GHz is optimally designed, fabricated and tested. The introduced dual-band bandpass filter has simple structure and enables high selectivity to be realized due to two pairs of transmission zeros located near to the lower and upper passband, respectively. Both measured and simulated performances are presented with good consistency.
Significance of hypernatremia due to SARS-CoV-2 associated ARDS in critically ill patients
Authors: Redant Sébastien , Vanderhulst Julien , Maillart Evelyne , Attou Rachid , Gallerani Andrea , Honoré Patrick M. , Bels David De
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives

SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS is a new entity that should be characterized as it appears to be different from standard ARDS. Hypernatremia is a biological alteration that seems to occur very often in this population without any clear cause. The present study aims to clarify the possible causes of hypernatremia and evaluate its impact on patient outcome.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective one-day prevalence study in 2 intensive care units, which only treated COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe ARDS. We measured blood and urine electrolytes in all the patients. Patients with chronic renal failure or renal replacement therapy were excluded from the study. Hypernatremia was defined as plasma sodium levels above 145 mmol/L.

Results

Inclusion criteria were met in 17 out of 24 patients. Hypernatremia was present in 52% patients. All had a natriuresis higher than 20 mmol/L and a urine osmolality above 600 mOsm/L. Hypernatremia was acquired in ICU as all the patients had a normal serum sodium level at admission.

Conclusion

The incidence of hypernatremia was elevated and appears to be linked to significant insensible water losses. This should trigger us to optimize the maintenance fluid therapy in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS.
Factor V Leiden mutation frequency and geographical distribution in Turkish population
Authors: Yıldız Eray , Türkmen Funda Müşerref
Published: January 2021

Background and Objective

Thrombophilia is a term used to define the conditions creating a tendency toward thrombosis. Factor V Leiden (FVL) is the most frequently observed genetic risk factor, and its frequency varies among societies and ethnicities. In this study, our aim is to identify the frequency of FVL mutation in patients with thrombosis, the frequency of FVL mutation for each thrombosis disease, whether there is any difference in the geographical distribution of FVL mutation in the Turkish population, correlation with age and gender, and correlation with arterial and venous thrombosis.

Methods

This is an observational case–control and retrospective study. Cases with the FVL mutation examination with clinical provisional diagnosis of arterial and/or venous thrombosis delivered and with the thrombosis proven by radiological visualization methods and laboratory examinations have been planned to be considered and assessed as cases with thrombosis.

Results

A total of 67 patients with thrombosis and 22 patients without thrombosis have been included within the study. Twenty-six of the cases with thrombosis were from the Black Sea region, 21 were from Eastern Anatolia, 12 were from Central Anatolia, 5 were from Marmara, and 3 were from Southeastern Anatolia. Eleven of the cases without thrombosis were from the Black Sea region, 1 was from Eastern Anatolia, 5 were from Central Anatolia, 2 were from Marmara, 1 was from Southeastern Anatolia, and 2 were from the Aegean region. The significance was resulted from the identification of thrombosis prevalence rate as significantly high in the Eastern Anatolian region.

Discussion

FVL mutation frequency is quite common in our country, and there are significant differences particularly in terms of regional distribution. Furthermore, FVL mutation is solely not the risk factor for thrombosis, and other coexisting genetic and acquired risk factors are substantial causes for the development of thrombosis.
Long-term blood pressure outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in trHTN patients
Authors: Deng Yue , Wang Hanbo , Guo Xudong , Jiang Shaobo , Cai Jun
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives

Treatment resistant hypertension (trHTN) is a common clinical problem faced by many clinicians. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy effectively trims blood pressure (BP) elevation secondary to various functional adrenal disorders. However, the impact of adrenalectomy on BP within trHTN patients has never been reported. Our present study aims to investigate the effect of adrenalectomy on BP management within trHTN patients, and to explore clinical predictors for postoperative BP normalization.

Patients and Methods

In our current study, 117 patients diagnosed with trHTN and performed with unilateral adrenalectomy were consecutively enrolled, demographic and medical information were documented for baseline data collection. BP was measured with a standard electronic sphygmomanometer twice a day. Long-term periodical interview was conducted and 109 (93.2%) enrolled patients were successfully followed-up at an averaged 36.2 months.

Results

At follow-up, 27/109 (25%) trHTN patients acquired BP normalization and 68/109 (62%) patients acquired BP improvement. Mean taking anti-hypertensive agents reduced from presurgical 4.24 to present 1.21 (P < 0.01), along with 7.2 mmHg reduction in SBP (P < 0.01). Image macro-adenoma and hypokalemia history were found to be the two strongest predictors for postoperative BP normalization. (χ2
= 28.032, P < 0.01). The incidence of adverse postoperative events was quite small.

Conclusions

In summary, this current study implicates that adrenalectomy is an efficacious and safe surgical strategy for BP management in trHTN patients. Patients with both unilateral macro-adenoma and hypokalemia are more prone to acquire postoperative BP normalization.
The main DNA viruses significantly affecting pig livestock
Authors: Díaz Carlos , Celer Vladimír , Frébort Ivo
Published: January 2021

Swine DNA viruses have developed unique mechanisms for evasion of the host immune system, infection and DNA replication, and finally, construction and release of new viral particles. This article reviews four classes of DNA viruses affecting swine: porcine circoviruses, African swine fever virus, porcine parvoviruses, and pseudorabies virus. Porcine circoviruses belonging to the Circoviridae family are small single-stranded DNA viruses causing different diseases in swine including poly-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and porcine respiratory disease complex. African swine fever virus, the only member of the Asfivirus genus in the Asfarviridae family, is a large double-stranded DNA virus and for its propensity to cause high mortality, it is currently considered the most dangerous virus in the pig industry. Porcine parvoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Parvoviridae family that cause reproductive failure in pregnant gilts. Pseudorabies virus, or suid herpesvirus 1, is a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family and Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Recent findings including general as well as genetic classification, virus structure, clinical syndromes and the host immune system responses and vaccine protection are described for all four swine DNA virus classes.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Healing of Third-Degree Burns Infected with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Laboratory Mice
Authors: Ramadhan Mukhallad Abdul Kareem , Balasm Abbas Najee , Kadhem Sanaa Basher , Al-Saedi Haider Faleh
Published: January 2021

The treatment of full-thickness skin burn using nanomaterials is promising as a medical application reducing the risk of infection and severe dermal scarring. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nanomaterials, particularly 3% silver nanoparticles containing ointment (3% SNO), on the full-thickness skin burn of laboratory mice. A total number of 36 male mice were used, equally divided into three groups: negative control (not burned and not treated); positive control (+ve) (burned and treated with castor oil and white petroleum jelly); and SNO-treated group (burned and treated with 3% SNO). The skin of the animals’ back was shaved. A 2x0.5 cm metal plate was heated on a burner to burn the skin of the animals of positive control and SNO-treated groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial suspension was applied to the burnt area. The application of SNO, as well as the mixture of white petroleum jelly and castor oil, was started after 6 hours of inducing burns and continued for 14 days (three times daily) in the respected groups. The SNO-treated group showed accelerated healing within 14 days demonstrated by re-epithelialization of the epidermal layer and proliferation of the fibroblasts in the dermal layer. Less healing evidence was observed in the +ve control group in the same period. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first study that uses a 3% SNO formula and has found that it has a promising impact on the treatment of infected skin burns.
Synthetic CT in assessment of anatomical and dosimetric variations in radiotherapy - procedure validation
Authors: Grządziel Aleksandra , Gądek Adam , Bekman Barbara , Wendykier Jacek , Ślosarek Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Introduction: One of many procedures to control the quality of radiotherapy is daily imaging of the patient’s anatomy. The CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) plays an important role in patient positioning, and dose delivery monitoring. Nowadays, CBCT is a baseline for the calculation of fraction and total dose. Thus, it provides the potential for more comprehensive monitoring of the delivered dose and adaptive radiotherapy. However, due to the poor quality and the presence of numerous artifacts, the replacement of the CBCT image with the corrected one is desired for dose calculation. The aim of the study was to validate a method for generating a synthetic CT image based on deformable image registration.

Material and methods: A Head & Torso Freepoint phantom, model 002H9K (Computerized Imaging Reference Systems, Norfolk, USA) with inserts was imaged with CT (Computed Tomography). Then, contouring and treatment plan were created in Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) treatment planning system. The phantom was scanned again with the CBCT. The planning CT was registered and deformed to the CBCT, resulting in a synthetic CT in Velocity software (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The dose distribution was recalculated based on the created CT image.

Results: Differences in structure volumes and dose statistics calculated both on CT and synthetic CT were evaluated. Discrepancies between the original and delivered plan from 0.0 to 2.5% were obtained. Dose comparison was performed on the DVH (Dose-Volume Histogram) for all delineated inserts.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest the potential utility of deformable registration and synthetic CT for providing dose reconstruction. This study reports on the limitation of the procedure related to the limited length of the CBCT volume and deformable fusion inaccuracies.
Cargo Ships’ Heat Demand - Operational Experiment
Authors: Bocheński Damian , Kreft Dominik
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of an experiment conducted on two cargo ships – a 5300 TEU container with a steam heating system and a 7500 dwt general cargo ship with a thermal oil system. On both ships research has been carried out using specially designed measuring equipment. After gathering data about flow velocity and temperatures (steam/ cooling water/ thermal oil/ seawater/ outside air), calculations have been done, resulting in histograms. For both types of histograms (heat demand and service time), the probability density function was fitted, using the K-S statistical test. The last step was comparison of the probability distribution mean to seawater and the outside air temperatures by linear regression and the coefficient of determination. The dependencies between the mentioned temperatures and heat demand were noted.
Features of the Demographic Structure and the Condition of Populations of the Rare Relic Hedysarum Gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) in Peripheral and Central Parts of Its Distribution Range
Authors: Abramova Larisa M. , Ilyina Valentina N. , Mitroshenkova Anna E. , Mustafina Alfia N. , Shigapov Zinnur H.
Published: January 2021

The features of the ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations of a rare species Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) were studied on the periphery of its range (the Middle Volga region and the Bashkir Cis-Urals) and in its central part (the Altai Mountains region). Types of cenopopulations were determined according to the “delta-omega” criterion: in the Bashkir Urals, they were mostly young, in the Middle Volga region, they were mature, in the Altai Mountains, they were maturing. The proportion of pregenerative individuals in populations increases in habitats with high moisture levels. Anthropogenic load (mainly in the form of grazing) had a greater effect on the number and density of individuals, rather than on the type of ontogenetic spectrum of cenopopulations.
Old Principle of Liquid Ion-Impedance Spectrometry (Particularly in Milk) Realised by New Components
Authors: Blahins Jānis , Bžiškjans Armans , Kalniņš Guntis
Published: January 2021

Ion impedance spectrometry enables detection of the concentrations of multiple chemical compositions in a weak solution, usually if only part of a complex signal is used and the frequency is not swept. Prior to the method described in this paper, ion impedance required rather sophisticated electronics to collect the results from an instrument, as well as the electrode polarisation minimising. We elaborated and tested circuitry that uses the newest electronics components for a chemical analysis instrument designed according to a principle patented in Latvia (No. SU-1021440A), year 1981. The newly improved ion impedance spectrometry apparatus is suited for accurate measurement of ion concentrations for commercial use by various trade professionals. The primary target was an in-flow milk tester for dairy farm milking devices (yet this is not the exclusive use).
Semi-supervised planning method for breast electronic tissue compensation treatments based on breast radius and separation
Authors: Podgorsak Alexander R. , Kumaraswamy Lalith K.
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to develop and assess a technique for the optimization of breast electronic tissue compensation (ECOMP) treatment plans based on the breast radius and separation.

Materials and methods

Ten ECOMP plans for 10 breast cancer patients delivered at our institute were collected for this work. Pre-treatment CT-simulation images were anonymized and input to a framework for estimation of the breast radius and separation for each axial slice. Optimal treatment fluence was estimated based on the breast radius and separation, and a total beam fluence map for both medial and lateral fields was generated. These maps were then imported into the Eclipse Treatment Planning System and used to calculate a dose distribution. The distribution was compared to the original treatment hand-optimized by a medical dosimetrist. An additional comparison was performed by generating plans assuming a single tissue penetration depth determined by averaging the breast radius and separation over the entire treatment volume. Comparisons between treatment plans used the dose homogeneity index (HI; lower number is better).

Results

HI was non-inferior between our algorithm (HI = 12.6) and the dosimetrist plans (HI = 9.9) (p-value > 0.05), and was superior than plans obtained using a single penetration depth (HI = 17.0) (p-value < 0.05) averaged over the 10 collected plans. Our semi-supervised algorithm takes approximately 20 seconds for treatment plan generation and runs with minimal user input, which compares favorably with the dosimetrist plans that can take up to 30 minutes of attention for full optimization.

Conclusions

This work indicates the potential clinical utility of a technique for the optimization of ECOMP breast treatments.
Fungal Contamination in the Working Environ-Ment of Waste Sorting Facilities: A Review
Authors: Perná K. , Wittlingerová Z. , Zimová M.
Published: January 2021

In recent years, many studies have pointed to a relationship between the working activity in waste sorting facilities and the occurrence of health problems (respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, skin and eye irritations). Employees in these facilities are simultaneously exposed to many biological, chemical and physical factors. Due to the repeated detection of high concentrations of airborne fungi (reaching up to 1.8 x 106 CFU m–3) in the working environment involving potentially allergenic, infectious and toxigenic fungal species, it can be assumed that fungi may play an important role in the development of health problems. In terms of minimizing health risks, it is necessary to take several preventive and protective measures to reduce contamination of the working environment by biological agents. The basic recommendation is the consistent use of protective equipment as well as the observance of personal hygiene by the employees. Other necessary measures are the frequent air exchange inside the facility, educating the employees about health risks associated with waste sorting and establishment of regular medical check-ups.
A cross-sectional multicentre qualitative study exploring attitudes and burnout knowledge in intensive care nurses with burnout
Authors: Friganović Adriano , Kurtović Biljana , Selič Polona
Published: January 2021

Aim

Although nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) are exposed to prolonged stress, no burnout prevention policy has yet been established. This study aims to determine the attitudes and “sense” of knowledge of burnout in nurses with burnout.

Methods

The study, which has a qualitative exploratory phenomenological design, was carried out in several Croatian ICUs in 2017. ICU nurses suffering from burnout according to their score on the Maslach Burnout Inventory were chosen randomly from five hospitals. Their participation was voluntary. Of the 28 participants, 86% were women (n=24) and 14% men (n=4). They were aged mainly between 36 and 45 (n=11 (40%)) and between 26 and 35 (n=10 (36%)). Semi-structured interviews were conducted up to the saturation point. The conversations were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analysed using inductive thematic analysis, with codes derived and grouped into clusters by similarities in meaning, and interpretation as the final stage.

Results

Emergent themes, compromised private life, stressful work demands, stress reduction options, protective workplace measures and sense of knowledge reflected a variety of experiences, attitudes and knowledge of burnout.

Discussion

Nurses with burnout provided an insight into their experience and attitudes, and the problems created by burnout. Given the poor sense of knowledge about this syndrome, there is a need to implement education on burnout in nursing school curricula, and clear strategies in the ICU environment, i.e. information, awareness-raising, and specific guidelines on coping, burnout detection and prevention. Approaching burnout prevention through attitudes/social learning may be a novel and feasible model of addressing this issue.
The metaphorical naming of selected dreaded diseases and medical conditions in Igbo language and thought
Authors: Kamalu Ikenna
Published: January 2021

Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), which forms the theoretical anchor of this study, expresses the role of language and cognition in construing and communicating human experiences. CMT posits that metaphor in discourse is shaped by the ideological orientation and cultural worldview of the speaker or group. Previous studies on Igbo language and culture have used insights from linguistics, anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, religious studies among others to show how the group expresses its social and cultural experiences, but none, to the best of the present researcher’s knowledge, has used the CMT approach to study the group’s construal of dreaded diseases and medical conditions in its environment. Working within the tenets of CMT therefore, this study shows how the group uses metaphors to express ideation and tenor in relation to some dreaded diseases and conditions. The study reveals that the Igbo use different conceptual metaphors such as container, journey, leaf, natural/physical force, heavy burden, etc. to frame their understanding of some dreaded diseases and conditions. The diseases and conditions are named/classified according to the narratives around them; the effects of the disease on the skin of the sufferer; the visual impression of the disease on the distant other; the effects of the disease on the mind/brain of the sufferer; the physical effects of the disease on the body of the sufferer; and the assumed causes/sources of the disease. Descriptive and analytical approaches are used in the discussion of primary data. The language the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria use to express their understanding of their natural world and social relations is chiefly metaphorical, and the names they ascribe to diseases and medical conditions emanate from their understanding of their cultural and social orientations, bodily actions and experiences.
Smart Practices in Public Administration to End Homelessness: the Example of Scandinavian Countries
Authors: Cendrowicz Dominika
Published: January 2021

Homelessness is a phenomenon for which the scale is growing at an alarming rate in Europe. It leads to the exclusion of people affected by it, to the denying of human dignity, and it constitutes a threat to human health and life. It is a multidimensional phenomenon in its substance and causes that lead to it. Therefore, it is necessary for the European states to take steps to prevent and reduce its scale. This requires thoughtful, sometimes innovative activities that bring with them a serious financial outlay for their implementation. It also concerns Poland, where the basic form of assistance to the homeless people is still a shelter, which is far from the level of assistance provided to the homeless people in the countries of Western Europe, especially in countries such as Finland, Denmark or Norway. The aim of the article is a theoretical overview of the notion of smart practices in public administration to end homelessness in selected Scandinavian countries and its state affair in Poland, using relevant scientific literature. The article provides the reader with information about the homelessness strategies implemented in Finland, Denmark and Norway, and refers them to the Polish conditions.
How ‘smart’ is Public Administration in the Eyes of European Students? - Examining Behaviour Models in the Public Administration
Authors: Stasz Marcin
Published: January 2021

Following study focussed on the perception of the public administration by the international students in the context of implementation of the concept of smart administration. New administrative reality requires that public administration should not only adapt to new conditions, but should also introduce complex plans of change, which in consequence should lead to the creation of a new type of smart administration, which adequately answers the needs and expectations of contemporary and future citizens.

Smart administration should be understood as an effective, well managed organisation with reasonably simplified structure and conduct oriented primarily towards serenity, comfort and well-being of the recipient of its service. Important feature is easy, two-way communication, which is a gateway for active participation of citizens in public affairs in both local and nationwide level.

For the purpose of this study, various dispositions expressed towards public administration were classified into the three categories of behaviour models. Models of behaviour in public administration presented in the paper are meritoric-despotism behaviour, efficient-democratic behaviour and anarchist-informal behaviour and were created for this study on the basis of approaches already present in the field.

Main objective of the paper is to provide preliminary analysis of how the international students perceive changes in the behaviour models in public administration and what is the role of smart administration in this. This paper is based on the data collected during the interviews, conducted face to face, with four students from different part of Europe and who are following exchange programmes. Questions concerned the experience in contact with public administration, its role, performance and how should it be changed. Research results showed that regarding behaviour changes in public administration, interlocutors speak in favour of a centralised model of public administration rather than decentralised, which is interesting in the context of smart administration, because this mean that there is still a common perception that the base of classic approach to public administration should be maintained even if modified by new concepts.
Characteristics of Pathological Fluor Albus on Outpatient in Permata Serdang Mother and Child Hospital Year 2019
Authors: Monintja Hans Eldith , Anandani Adinta
Published: January 2021

Background: Based on Indonesia Ministry of Health in 2010, about 75% of woman ever had a vaginal discharge at least once in a lifetime and 45% of woman had vaginal discharge twice or more. The most common risk factor that causing pathological fluor albus is genital organ hygiene. Purposes: The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of pathological fluor albus on outpatient in RSIA Permata Serdang in 2019. Methods: This was an observational study based on medical record samples in 74 patients with pathological fluor albus between January 2019 and December 2019. Results: From 74 patients with pathological fluor albus, the highest age range occurred 25-29 years age category (24.3%), with the most marital status was married (97.3%), and the most dominant occupation was housewife (51.4%) and mostly living in Serang (52.7%). Clinical manifestations were itching and odor (28.4%), itching (27%), itching with pain and odor (14.9%), odor (10.8%). The secret color is clear (86.5%) followed by white-coloured secret (13.5%). Physical examination have been done with speculum examination (77%). Management provided for the patients are metronidazole (86.5%) and fluconazole (13.5%). Conclusion: Pathological fluor albus at RSIA Permata Serdang occurs often aged 25-29 years in a married woman with the common characteristic complaint was itching with odor.
Wojenne diagnozy literatury i kultury polskiej w „Intermediach rybałtowskich” Bolesława Leśmiana
Authors: Niewiarowska Joanna
Published: January 2021

The paper contains an analysis and interpretation of essays by Bolesław Leśmian from 1915 to 1916, published in Myśl Polska in the section ‘Intermedia rybałtowskie’. These texts, which concern literary life, are considered in reference to the tradition of minstrel literature and against the background of war changes and cultural diagnoses. This perspective makes it possible to perceive Leśmian not only as an insightful diagnostician, who is familiar with philosophical‑cultural issues (which has been proved by researchers), but also a critic of contemporary times and change initiator, who was able to recognise his own situation and literary identity against a broad sociological‑cultural background, and took an effort in order to change his own position and some rules which were relevant in the Polish literary field.
„Banderia Prutenorum”, czyli poczet chorągwi krzyżackich obalonych piórem Jerzego z Krakowa
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Roman
Published: January 2021

The paper is dedicated to the volume of poems by Jerzy Harasymowicz, entitled 'Banderia Prutenorum' (1976). The author explores the dependence of this volume on a work of the same title, which was released in mid-15th century through the initiative of Jan Długosz. The medieval manuscript contains illustrations and short descriptions of 56 Teutonic flags captured by Polish troops in the battle of Grunwald (1410). The author of these pictures was Stanisław Durink, while the descriptions were made by Jan Długosz, among other authors. Using the illustrations of Teutonic flags from the medieval model, Harasymowicz added his own poems, showing in bad light particular troops (flags) of the Teutonic Order, as well as their great defeat in the battle against Polish‑Lithuanian forces. The author of the paper analyses the ideological‑persuasive meaning of these poems, as well as their language and depiction.
ANALYSIS OF ELEMENT ‘UNLAWFUL’ OF CORRUPTION IN THE BANKING SECTOR (STUDY OF THE SUPREME COURT DECISION NUMBER 1812 K / PID.SUS / 2014)
Authors: Fasa Angga Wijaya Holman , Ferianto Ferianto , Hendrix Tommy
Published: January 2021

The banking sector as one of the drivers of the national economy plays an important role in funding a business through bank credit distributing activities. In practice, this banking service raises legal problems, not only banking crimes but also corruption. Supreme Court Decision No. 1812 K / PID.SUS / 2014 on behalf of the Defendant Dian Siswanto, S.E. MM., in the case of a corruption shows this. This paper examines the element of unlawful and abuse of authority in cases of corruption in the banking sector. The research method used is normative law which is prescriptive with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results show 2 (two) things, first, that the defendant's actions met the unlawful element in the act of corruption as charged in the primary indictment. Second, the judge had wrongly in the application of law based on the subsidiary indictment concerning abuse of authority which was not fulfilled. The judge in this case, was not punctilious in digging up legal facts and was not correct in applying the law. Therefore, in the case of deciding a case, if the charges are of subsidiarity, the judge should prove the primary indictment carefully before deciding based on the subsidiary indictment to create justice, benefit and legal certainty in law enforcement in general, and especially for the accused.
The surgical treatment of massive submacular hemorrhages aggravating the course of exudative form of AMD with automated subretinal injection.
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Ovchinnikova A.D. , Mironov A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Dulgieru T.O. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the results of the proposed method of surgical treatment of massive subretinal macular hemorrhage in the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. Material and methods. A comparative study of the results of treatment of massive subretinal hemorrhage associated with the exudative AMD-related. 17 patients (17 eyes) were being observed in the clinic with submacular hemorrhages of varying severity, which occurred against the background of exudative AMD-related. The average age of the subjects was 71.47±6.15 years. The maximum corrected visual acuity at the time of admission averaged 0,04±0.03. All patients were previously treated with anti-VEGF therapy, and number intravitreal injections was in the range from 3 to 14. The experience of the disease was 2,35±0,77 years, the prescription of hemorrhage – 5,47±3,55 days. The mean size of the subretinal hemorrhage was 21.41±3.37 DD. According to optical coherence tomography, the average value of retinal thickness in the macular region was 1081,29±389,67 microns. The day before surgery all patients underwent surgical treatment according to the author's method (patent No. 2696056) – intravitreal injection Gemase® 3000 ME, 0,2 ml. The next day was performed vitrectomy 25G, local removal of the ILM and subretinal injection Gemase® 3000 ME – 0.3 ml and 0.2 ml of sterile air, fluid-air exchange 70% of the volume vitreal cavity, intravitreal injection Eylea® 0.05 ml, tamponade of vitreous cavity with 20% SF6. After the operation, the patient was placed «horizontally on the back» for 2 hours, then he had to be in an upright position to move the blood clot to the lower parts of the ocular floor. Results. Intraoperative complications were not observed in any of the cases. A complete dislocation of subretinal hemorrhage from under fovea zone was achieved in every patient's postoperative period. Conclusion. The proposed surgical method provides rapid recovery of subject vision and can be used in the treatment of massive submacular hemorrhages of any etiology. Key words: AMD, submacular hemorrhages, vitrectomy, prourokinase.
Clinical outcomes of autologous cultured oral mucosal epithelium transplantation for treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Malyugin B.E. , Borzenok S.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Gerasimov M.Y. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: January 2021

The review presents an analysis of clinical trials results for autologous cultured oral mucosal epithelium transplantation (COMET) in patients with bilateral corneal limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) over the past 15 years. Detailed characteristics and evaluation are given for anatomical outcomes, visual acuity changes, and complication rates. The results obtained during the analysis confirm the consistency of the concept of corneal re-epithelization by means of COMET. COMET promoted persistent corneal re-epithelization in 81.5% of cases, and visual acuity improvement in 78.8% of patients with LSCD. COMET does not require systemic immunosuppression, and it is accompanied by much smaller numbers and significantly lower grades of complications compared with keratoprosthesis. About 15% of patients experienced developing superficial peripheral corneal neovascularization regressed spontaneously by 12 months of observation. Based on the COMET clinical trials results, the management of patients with bilateral LSCD is under optimization by reference to the pathogenesis of the underlying disease. Thus, autologous cultured oral mucosal epithelium transplantation seems promising for further studies and introduction into routine clinical practice. Key words: limbal stem cell deficiency, ocular surface reconstruction, corneal epithelium, oral mucosal epithelium, transplantation.
Pillared Mo2TiC2 MXene for High-Power and Long-life Lithium and Sodium-ion Batteries
Authors: Maughan Philip A. , Bouscarrat Luc , Seymour Valerie R. , Shao Shouqi , Haigh Sarah J , Dawson Richard , Tapia-Ruiz Nuria , Bimbo Nuno
Published: January 2021

In this work, we apply an amine-assisted silica pillaring method to create the first example of a porous Mo2TiC2 MXene with nanoengineered interlayer distances. The pillared Mo2TiC2 has a surface area of 202 m2 g-1, which is among the highest reported for any MXene, and has a variable gallery height between 0.7 and 3 nm. The expanded interlayer distance leads to significantly enhanced cycling performance for Li-ion storage, with superior capacities, rate capabilities and cycling stabilities in comparison to the non-pillared version. The pillared Mo2TiC2 achieved capacities over 1.7 times greater than multilayered MXene at 20 mA g-1 (≈ 320 mAh g-1) and 2.5 times higher at 1 A g-1 (≈ 150 mAh g-1). The fast-charging properties of pillared Mo2TiC2 are further demonstrated by outstanding stability even at 1 A g-1 (under 8 min charge time), retaining 80% of the initial capacity after 500 cycles. Furthermore, we use a combination of spectroscopic techniques (i.e. XPS, NMR and Raman) to show unambiguously that the charge storage mechanism of this MXene occurs by a conversion reaction through the formation of Li2O. This reaction increases by 2-fold the capacity beyond intercalation, and therefore, its understanding is crucial for further development of this family of materials. In addition, we also investigate for the first time the sodium storage properties of the pillared and non-pillared Mo2TiC2.
High-Throughput Screening Single-Atom Alloy for Electroreduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia
Authors: Zheng Guokui , Tian Ziqi , Zhang Xingwang , Chen Liang , Qian Xu , Li YanLe
Published: January 2021

Exploring electrocatalyst with high activity, selectivity and stability is essential for development of applicable electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis technology. By performing density functional theory calculations, we systematically investigated a series of transition-metal doped Au-based single atom alloys (SAAs) as promising electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). For Au-based electrocatalyst, the first hydrogenation step (*N2→*NNH) normally determines the limiting potential of the overall reaction process. Compared with pristine Au(111) surface, introducing single atom can significantly enhance the binding strength of N2, leading to decreased energy barrier of the key step, i.e., ΔG(*N2→*NNH). According to simulation results, three descriptors were proposed to describe ΔG(*N2→*NNH), including ΔG(*NNH), d-band center, and . Eight doped elements (Ti, V, Nb, Ru, Ta, Os, W, and Mo) were initially screened out with limiting potential ranging from -0.75V to -0.30 V. Particularly, Mo- and W-doped systems possess the best activity with limiting potentials of -0.30 V, respectively. Then the intrinsic relationship between structure and the potential performance was further analyzed by using machine-learning. The selectivity, feasibility, stability of these candidates were also evaluated, confirming that SAA containing Mo, Ru ,Ta, and W could be outstanding NRR electrocatalysts. This work not only broadens the understating of SAA application in electrocatalysis, but also devotes to the discovery of novel NRR electrocatalysts.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Light-Activated Antibiotics
Authors: Shchelik Inga S. , Tomio Andrea , Gademann Karl
Published: January 2021

The spatial and temporal control of bioactivity of small molecules by light (photopharmacology) constitutes a promising approach for study of biological processes and ultimately for the treatment of diseases. In this study, we investigated two different ‘caged’ antibiotic classes that can undergo remote activation with UV-light at λ=365 nm, via the conjugation of deactivating and photocleavable units through a short synthetic sequence. The two widely used antibiotics vancomycin and cephalosporin were thus enhanced in their performance by rendering them photoresponsive and thus suppressing undesired off-site activity. The antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 could be spatiotemporally controlled with light. Both molecular series displayed a good activity window. The vancomycin derivative displayed excellent values against Gram-positive strains after uncaging, and the next-generation caged cephalosporin derivative achieved good and broad activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains after photorelease.
Metal-Binding Q-Proline Macrocycles
Authors: Northrup Justin , Wiener Jesse , Hurley Matthew , Hou Chun-Feng David , Keller Taylor , Baxter Richard , Zdilla Michael J. , Voelz Vincent , Schafmeister Christian
Published: January 2021

Herein, we introduce the efficient synthesis of Q-proline (Q-Pro) based, metal-binding macrocycles (QPM), which can display up to nine functional groups. Synthesis of eight QPM was achieved through standard Fmoc-SPPS and peptoid chemistry. QPM are disordered in the absence of a metal cation, as evidenced by NMR and a crystal structure of QPM-3 obtained through racemic crystallization. Addition of metal cations cause these macrocycles to adopt ordered, uniform core structures regardless of the functional groups. Alkylation of QPM allows for addition of reactive functional groups as the final step in a synthesis. Interestingly, the addition of secondary functional groups to the hydantoin amide position (R2) converts the proline ring from Cg-endo to Cg-exo, due to steric interactions.
Non-Equilibrium Generation of Catalytic Supramolecular Polymers of Pre-RNA Nucleobases
Authors: Afrose Syed Pavel , Mahato Chiranjit , Sharma Pooja , Roy Lisa , Das Dibyendu
Published: January 2021

Bioenergetics played critical roles for the chemical emergence of life where available energy resources drove the generation of primitive polymers and fueled early metabolism. Further, apart from information storage, the catalytic roles of primitive nucleic acid fragments have also been argued to be important for biopolymer evolution. Herein, we have demonstrated the non-equilibrium generation of catalytic supramolecular polymers of a possible proto-RNA building block (melamine) driven by a thermodynamically activated ester of low molecular weight. We utilized reversible covalent linkage to install a catalytic imidazole moiety in the polymer backbone. This resulted in energy dissipation via hydrolysis of the substrate predominantly from the assembled state and subsequent disassembly, thus installing kinetic asymmetry in the energy consumption cycle. Non-catalytic analogues led to kinetically stable polymers while inactivated substrates were unable to drive the polymerization. The non-equilibrium polymers of the pre-RNA bases were capable to spatiotemporally bind to a model cofactor. Notably, presence of an exogenous aromatic base augmented the stability of the polymers, reminiscent to what the molecular midwives did during early evolution.
Approximate extrema of a bounded family of intervals
Authors: Молодцов Дмитрий Анатольевич
Published: January 2021

Устанавливаются связи между экстремальными множествами для ``приближенных'' отношений доминирования для произвольного ограниченного семейства интервалов вещественных чисел.

Connections are established between extremal sets for ``approximate'' dominance relations for an arbitrary bounded family of intervals of real numbers.
Kahve ve çay tüketiminin tip 2 diyabet ve insülin direnci olan bireylerdeki etkisinin kesitsel bir çalışma ile değerlendirilmesi
Authors: PEKSEVER Doğa , YILDIRIM ŞİMŞİR Ilgın , MESERİ Reci , HAZNEDAROĞLU Yrd. Doç. Dr. M Zeki
Published: January 2021

Tüm dünyada yaygın olarak tüketilen çay ve kahvenin tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde glikoz kullanımı ve metabolizmasını etkileyebileceği düşünülmüştür. Amaç: Tip 2 diyabet veya insülin dirençli bireylerde kahve ile çay tüketiminin antropometrik ve biyokimyasal değerlerle ilişkisinin saptaması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma Ege Üniversitesi Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları BD polikliniğine 2015-2016 Aralık tarihleri arasında başvuran (18-65 yaş arası) tip 2 diyabetli ve insülin direnci olan bireylere veri toplama formu ile uygulanarak yürütülmüştür. Bulgular: Gönüllülerin (n=300, yaş ortalaması 45.0) %54.0’ü tip 2 diyabetiktir; %65.0’i oral antidiyabetik, %14.3’ü bazal insülin, %15.6’sı ise multipl enjektabl tedavisi kullanmaktadır. Tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin %62.7’si uygulanmamaktadır. Katılımcıların %48.3’ü Türk kahvesini, %73.0’ü çayı, %84.7’si granül kahveyi şekersiz tüketmektedir. Beden kütle indeksi (BKİ), bel çevresi, yağ oranı ortalaması sırasıyla (n=300) 33.6 kg/m2, (n=299) 108.6 cm, (n=287) %39.1 belirlenmiştir. HbA1c, total kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL kolesterol, LDL kolesterol, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncları ortalamaları sırasıyla (n=274) %6.3, (n=252) 207.7 mg/dL, (n=253) 166.8 mg/dL, (n=249) 50.1 mg/dL, (n=247) 126.1 mg/dL, (n=288) 123.7 mmHg, (n=288) 80.3 mmHg olarak saptanmıştır. Bireylerin günlük mL tüketim ortalaması 187.5 7 (n=70) yeşil çay, 564.7 (n=288) siyah çay, 53.0 (n=240) Türk kahvesi, 206.5 (n=115) granül kahvedir. Günlük ≥800 mL siyah çay tüketenlerde <800 mL siyah çay tüketenlere göre vücut yağ oranının normal olma durumu anlamlı olarak yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Sonuç: Kahveyle çayın etkisini saptamak amacıyla kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Prevalansi Cedera Ektremitas Atas pada Permainan Softball
Authors: Lestari Ade Tuti , Bachtiar Bachtiar , Trisanti One Lailla , Zubaid Ida
Published: January 2021

Many athletes don’t understand the risk factors for injury, so they have less awareness, acute and chronic due internal and external. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of injuries in the throw technique. The method used descriptive with a survey technique using a questionnaire. The results was prevalence of injuries from throwers, under hand toss3, side hand throw 8, and over hand throw 19. From the aspect of  have been injured 15, handling injuries 20, and throwing techniques 14. Forover hand throw 19, side hand throw 8 and under hand toss 3. For over hand throw 19, side hand throw 8 and under hand toss 3. The relationship between throw and injury was 10 from over hand throw, 6 from side hand throw, and 3 from under hand toss. Based on observations from the position of the injury, were deltoid 15, biceps 8, triceps 5, and wrist 2. Based on the relationship between throw and the position of the injuries, 13deltoid, 4 biceps and 2 triceps injuries from over hand throw, side hand throw 4, experienced biceps injuries, 2 deltoid, 2 triceps, and 2 under hand toss, 2 wrist  and 1 triceps. Keywords: Prevalence, Injury, SoftballAbstrakBanyak atlet kurang memahami factor resiko terjadinya cedera selama melakukan olahraga sehingga kurang menyadari telah mengalami cedera, baik akut maupun kronis yang diakibatkan factor internal dan eksternal.Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi cedera ekstremitas atas pada teknik lemparan.Metode yang digunakan deskriptif dengan teknik survei menggunakan angket. Hasil penelitian: Prevalensi cedera dari pelempar, under hand toss 3 orang, side hand throw 8 orang, dan over hand throw 19 orang. Dari aspek pernah atau sedang mengalami cedera 15 orang, cara penanganan cedera 20 orang, dan teknik lemparan 14 orang. Untuk jenis lemparan over hand throw 19 orang, side hand throw 8 orang dan under hand toss 3 orang. Hubungan jenis lemparan terhadap cedera, lemparan over hand throw 10 orang, side hand throw 6 orang, dan under hand toss 3 orang. Berdasarkan pengamatan letak cederanya deltoid 15 orang, biceps 8 orang, triceps 5 orang, dan  wrish 2 orang. Berdasarkan hubungan jenis lemparan dan letak cederanya 13 orang cedera deltoid, 4 orang cedera biceps dan 2 orang cedera triceps dari over hand throw, side hand throw 4 orang cedera biceps, 2 orang cedera deltoid, 2 orang cedera triceps, dan under hand toss 2 orang cedera wrish dan 1 orang cedera triceps. Kata Kunci: Prevalensi, Cedera, Softball