bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of platelet-rich plasma on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from rat uterus
Authors: Vishnyakova Polina , Artemova Daria , Elchaninov Andrey , Efendieva Zulfiia , Apolikhina Inna , Sukhikh Gennady , Fatkhudinov Timur
Published: November 2020

Background

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which represents a valuable source of growth factors, is increasingly being applied in regenerative medicine. Recent findings suggest the feasibility of using PRP in the treatment of infertility secondary to refractory thin endometrium. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of the endometrium are an essential cellular component responsible for extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, cell-to-cell communication, and postmenstrual tissue repair. Using a rat model, we examine the effects of autologous PRP on MSCs isolated from the uterus and compare them with the effects of autologous ordinary plasma (OP) and complete growth medium.

Methods

MSCs were isolated from uterine tissues via enzymatic disaggregation. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of the primary cell cultures was complemented by immunocytochemistry for Ki-67 and vimentin. The ability of MSCs to differentiate in osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenic directions was assessed using differentiation-inducing media. The levels of autophagy and apoptosis markers, as well as the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and estrogen receptor α, were assessed by western blotting.

Results

After 24 h incubation, the proliferation index of the PRP-treated MSC cultures was significantly higher than that of the MSC cultures treated with complete growth medium. PRP treatment elevated production of LC3B protein, an autophagy marker, while OP treatment upregulated the expression of stress-induced protein p53 and extracellular enzyme MMP9. The results indicate practical relevance and validity for PRP use in the treatment of infertility.
Analyzing the Effect of Different Levels of Pruning on Growth, Yield and Quality of Psidium guajava L. Cv. Lalit (Guava)
Authors: Kumar Amrish , Mishra Saket , Singh Ravi Kumar
Published: November 2020

The present investigation entitled „„Effect of different levels of pruning on growth, yield and quality of guava. (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. Lalit” guava plant at the Horticulture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj agro-climatic condition during 2019-20. The data had been statistically analyzed by using Randomized Block Design. In this experiment, seven pruning treatments (control, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm,40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm) significantly influenced cropping pattern of guava viz. plant height (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 DAP), No. of flowers / tree, Fruit set (%), Days to first fruit harvest, Number of fruit per tree, Fruit weight (gm.), Fruit diameter (cm), Yield (Kg/Plant), Yield (t/ha.), TSS (%), Acidity (%). The maximum fruit yield was recorded in T4 (30 cm pruning) (13.33 kg) per plant and the minimum yield was recorded in T1 (Control) (8.19 kg) per plant.
Effectively Navigating Leadership Transitions in a Higher Education Context
Authors:   Lancaster Bible College, Capital Seminary, Gushiken Kevin , Pettegrew Hal ,   Lancaster Bible College, Capital Seminary, Rhoads Richard ,   Lancaster Bible College, Capital Seminary
Published: November 2020

Leadership transition in higher education is inevitable and critically important. This article seeks to describe a successful leadership transition that has occurred in a doctoral program director position of a religious graduate school, written by the outgoing director, the incoming director, and the director of the department in which this transition took place. Considerations of a leadership transition as articulated in the literature are examined. The authors offer key principles and recommendations for higher education institutions approaching or undergoing a leadership change with the aim to encourage a smooth and stable transition. Keywords: leadership transition, succession plan, higher education, faculty, leadership, religious institutions, Christian colleges
Reflective Practice: Considering the Differences in Teacher Immediacy when a K-12 Teacher Transitions to Online Higher Education
Authors:   Grand Canyon University, Duryee Lisa
Published: November 2020

Reflective practice allows for the exploration of ideas to gain new insight about something unexpected or unknown. As a former K-12 classroom teacher, I had the opportunity to transition to higher learning in an online platform, teaching adult learners. What was unexpected about this transition were the differences I noticed in immediacy between the two platforms and the types of student. Face-to-face interactions make for easy-to-build relationships, yet I did not anticipate the difficulty in achieving this type of connection in the online classroom. Using John Dewey’s educational insight as a reflective lens, I identified the following three potential reasons that could have contributed to the differences I encountered: the teacher, the learner, and the learning environment. An introspective look at each led to a conceptual exploration and a telling of my story to reflect on my experiences and how they shaped not only the problem posed, but also the ultimate outcome and discoveries along the way. Keywords: John Dewey, k-12 education, classroom teacher, faculty, online education, teacher, learner, learning environment, online learning environment, k-12 classroom, teaching strategies, online higher education, classroom management, asynchronous learning, feedback, instructor feedback, online instructor
Long non‐coding RNA RACGAP1P promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis via miR‐345‐5p/RACGAP1‐mediated mitochondrial fission
Authors: Zhou Danmei , Ren Kehan , Wang Meili , Wang Jigang , Li Ermin , Hou Chenjian , Su Ying , Jin Yiting , Zou Qiang , Zhou Ping , Liu Xiuping
Published: November 2020

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key molecules in various cancers, yet their potential roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer are not fully understood. Herein, using microarray analysis, we revealed that the lncRNA RACGAP1P, the pseudogene of Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1), was up‐regulated in breast cancer tissues. Its high expression was confirmed in 25 pairs of breast cancer tissues and 8 breast cell lines by qRT‐PCR. Subsequently, we found that RACGAP1P expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and shorter survival time in 102 breast cancer patients. Then, in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of RACGAP1P in breast cancer cell lines. Overexpression of RACGAP1P in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF7 breast cell lines increased their invasive ability and enhanced their mitochondrial fission. Conversely, inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi‐1 could reduce the invasive ability of RACGAP1P‐overexpressing cell lines. Furthermore, the promotion of mitochondrial fission by RACGAP1P depended on its competitive binding with miR‐345‐5p against its parental gene RACGAP1, leading to the activation of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1). In conclusion, lncRNA RACGAP1P promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis via miR‐345‐5p/RACGAP1 pathway‐mediated mitochondrial fission.
ToColdlyGo Where No Grass has Gone Before: A Multidisciplinary Review of Cold Adaptation in Poaceae
Authors: Schubert Marian , Humphreys Aelys M. , Lindberg Camilla Lorange , Preston Jill C. , Fjellheim Siri
Published: November 2020

The grass family Poaceae is among the largest and most successful plant families, both ecologically and economically. It covers a wide geographic, climatic, and ecological range and contains many of the world's most important crops including wheat, barley, rice, maize, and sorghum, as well as many forage and biofuel species. Both wild and cultivated grasses are diverse in areas that regularly experience cold and freezing as well as high seasonality, harsh winters, and short growing seasons. Grasses growing in these environments have evolved an arsenal of strategies to tolerate or resist cold stress, or to escape the cold by phenological adjustments. Here, we review the current knowledge of cold adaptations in grasses synthesising across the disciplines of stress physiology, genetics, metabolomics, ecology, and evolution, in both wild and cultivated species. Specifically, we explore what is known about molecular and physiological cold stress responses, how these might have evolved and their role in shaping diversification and distribution patterns of grasses. We argue that integrating insights from multiple disciplines will further our understanding of cold adaptation.
Electromyographic Muscle Activity and Three‐Dimensional Scapular Kinematics in Patients With Multidirectional Shoulder Instability: A Study in the Hypermobile Type of the Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and the Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Spanhove Valentien , Calders Patrick , Berckmans Kelly , Palmans Tanneke , Malfait Fransiska , Cools Ann , De Wandele Inge
Published: November 2020

Objective

To investigate differences in electromyography (EMG), muscle activity, and scapular kinematics during elevation in the scapular plane between healthy controls, participants with multidirectional shoulder laxity (MDL), and patients with multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI) who are diagnosed with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD).

Methods

Twenty‐seven women with hEDS/HSD and MDI, 27 female healthy control subjects, and 28 female subjects with MDL participated in this study. Scapular 3‐dimensional kinematic data were obtained using 8 Oqus Qualisys cameras. Simultaneously, surface EMG was used to measure muscle activity of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, posterior deltoid, and pectoralis major during arm elevation in the scapular plane. Group differences were assessed using statistical parametric mapping.

Results

Regarding scapular kinematics, significantly less upward rotation was observed in hEDS/HSD patients with MDI compared to both healthy controls and MDL subjects. Significantly less posterior tilt was seen in hEDS/HSD patients compared to MDL subjects. Furthermore, significantly higher EMG activity of the infraspinatus, middle trapezius, and posterior deltoid was found in hEDS/HSD patients with MDI.

Conclusion

hEDS/HSD patients with MDI demonstrate altered scapular kinematics and increased EMG muscle activity compared to subjects without MDI. These findings could serve as a stepping stone for future research regarding treatment strategies in patients whose conditions belong to the hypermobility spectrum.
Hollow NiSe Nanocrystals Heterogenized with Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Electrocatalytic Methanol Upgrading to Boost Hydrogen Co‐Production
Authors: Zhao Bin , Liu Jianwen , Xu Chenyu , Feng Renfei , Sui Pengfei , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiujun , Luo Jing‐Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu
Published: November 2020

Electro‐oxidative organic upgrading, as an ideal alternative to sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, can effectively decrease energy consumption to boost hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. However, developing highly active electrocatalysts for long‐term durable organic upgrading with high selectivity at large and steady current density remains challenging. Herein, hollow NiSe nanocrystals heterogenized with carbon nanotubes (h‐NiSe/CNTs) are fabricated via a facile one‐pot approach. The highly dispersed h‐NiSe/CNTs 3D network can efficiently facilitate rapid mass/electron diffusion, thus achieving highly active and long‐term stable electrocatalysis for catalyzing methanol to value‐added formate at high and steady current density (≈345 mA cm−2) with high Faradaic efficiency (>95%). This reaction replaces sluggish OER performance to reduce the energy consumption for boosting H2 generation by six times. The critical active species and methanol activation mechanism are systematically studied using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis, in situ Raman, and density functional theory calculations, indicating that the non‐ignorable SeOx collaborated with in situ formed NiOOH species can synergistically modulate the d band center to achieve an optimal adsorption for methanol selective oxidation and suppress the further oxidation to CO2, thus leading to active and stable electrolysis for producing value‐added formate with high selectivity and co‐generating H2 with less energy consumption.
Suppressed Lattice Disorder for Large Emission Enhancement and Structural Robustness in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Discovered by High‐Pressure Isotope Effect
Authors: Kong Lingping , Gong Jue , Hu Qingyang , Capitani Francesco , Celeste Anna , Hattori Takanori , Sano‐Furukawa Asami , Li Nana , Yang Wenge , Liu Gang , Mao Ho‐kwang
Published: November 2020

The soft nature of organic–inorganic halide perovskites renders their lattice particularly tunable to external stimuli such as pressure, undoubtedly offering an effective way to modify their structure for extraordinary optoelectronic properties. Here, using the methylammonium lead iodide as a representative exploratory platform, it is observed that the pressure‐driven lattice disorder can be significantly suppressed via hydrogen isotope effect, which is crucial for better optical and mechanical properties previously unattainable. By a comprehensive in situ neutron/synchrotron‐based analysis and optical characterizations, a remarkable photoluminescence (PL) enhancement by threefold is convinced in deuterated CD3ND3PbI3, which also shows much greater structural robustness with retainable PL after high peak‐pressure compression–decompression cycle. With the first‐principles calculations, an atomic level understanding of the strong correlation among the organic sublattice and lead iodide octahedral framework and structural photonics is proposed, where the less dynamic CD3ND3+ cations are vital to maintain the long‐range crystalline order through steric and Coulombic interactions. These results also show that CD3ND3PbI3‐based solar cell has comparable photovoltaic performance as CH3NH3PbI3‐based device but exhibits considerably slower degradation behavior, thus representing a paradigm by suggesting isotope‐functionalized perovskite materials for better materials‐by‐design and more stable photovoltaic application.
Recent Advances and Perspectives on Calcium‐Ion Storage: Key Materials and Devices
Authors: Ji Bifa , He Haiyan , Yao Wenjiao , Tang Yongbing
Published: November 2020

The urgent demand for cost‐effective energy storage devices for large‐scale applications has led to the development of several beyond‐lithium energy storage systems (EESs). Among them, calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) are attractive due to abundant calcium resources, excellent volumetric and gravimetric capacities of Ca metal anode, and potential high energy density coming from the multivalent feature of Ca‐ion. Therefore, the exploration of CIBs electrode materials and the construction of CIBs devices are gaining increasing research interest. Relevant publications cover a wide range of materials by both theoretical and experimental investigations, whereas the performances of rocking‐chair CIBs have been unsatisfactory. Meanwhile, multi‐ion strategies using more than one ion as the charge carrier have been demonstrated to be feasible and promising options in realizing room temperature CIBs. The summary and reflection of previous studies would provide useful information for future exploration and optimization. In this circumstance, this paper overviews the reported CIBs electrode materials, including both anode and cathode, and presents the latest progress of multi‐ion strategies in CIBs. Fundamental challenges, potential solutions, and opportunities are accordingly proposed, mimicking other more mature EESs. This review may promote the development of electrode materials and accelerate the construction of low‐cost and high‐performance CIBs.
Storage Mechanisms of Polyimide‐Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dot Based, Highly Stable, Write‐Once‐Read‐Many‐Times Memristive Devices
Authors: An Haoqun , Ge Yang , Li Mingjun , Kim Tae Whan
Published: November 2020

In this paper two‐terminal memristive devices are presented with a structure of aluminum/polyimide‐molybdenumdisulfide quantum dot (QD) nanocomposite/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate)/indium tin oxide that exhibits the characteristics of write‐once‐read‐many times in the range of applied voltages from −6 to 3 V. The operating voltage of the device is as low as 1.4 V, and the ON/OFF ratio of 3 × 103 can be maintained for retention times larger than 3 × 104 s. No significant variation in the current–voltage (I–V) curves of the devices is observed under high annealing temperatures of 50, 100, and 200 °C, which is indicative of their excellent thermal stability. The conduction mechanisms of the devices in their high and low resistance states are described by fitting the I–V curves of the devices.
Solid‐State Thermal Control Devices
Authors: Swoboda Timm , Klinar Katja , Yalamarthy Ananth Saran , Kitanovski Andrej , Muñoz Rojo Miguel
Published: November 2020

Over the past decade, solid‐state thermal control devices have emerged as potential candidates for enhanced thermal management and storage. They distinguish themselves from traditional passive thermal management devices in that their thermal properties have sharp, nonlinear dependencies on direction and operating temperature, and can lead to more efficient circuits and energy conversion systems than what is possible today. They also distinguish themselves from traditional active thermal management devices (e.g., fans) in that they have no moving parts and are compact and reliable. In this article, the recent progress in the four broad categories of solid‐state thermal control devices that are under active research is reviewed: diodes, switches, regulators, and transistors. For each class of device, the operation principle, material choices, as well as metrics to compare and contrast performance are discussed. New architectures that are explored theoretically, but not experimentally demonstrated, are also discussed.
Investigation of Nano‐Gaps in Fractured β‐Ga2O3 Nanomembranes Formed by Uniaxial Strain
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Lai Junyu , Swinnich Edward , Zheng Yixiong , Baboukani Behnoosh Sattari , Nalam Prathima C. , Seo Jung‐Hun
Published: November 2020

A free‐standing β‐Ga2O3, also called β‐Ga2O3 nanomembrane (NM), is an important next‐generation wide bandgap semiconductor that can be used for myriad high‐performance future flexible electronics. However, details of structure‐property relationships of β‐Ga2O3 NM under strain conditions have not yet investigated. In this paper, the electrical properties of β‐Ga2O3 NM under different uniaxial strain conditions using various surface analysis methods are systematically investigated and layer‐delamination and fractures are revealed. The electrical characterization shows that the presence of nanometer‐sized gaps between fractured pieces in β‐Ga2O3 NM causes a severe property degradation due to higher resistance and uneven charge distribution in β‐Ga2O3 NM which is also confirmed by the multiphysics simulation. Interestingly, the degraded performance in β‐Ga2O3 NM is substantially recovered by introducing excessive OH‐bonds in fractured β‐Ga2O3 NM via the water vapor treatment. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study reveals that a formation of OH‐bonds by the water vapor treatment chemically connects nano‐gaps. Thus, the treated β‐Ga2O3 samples exhibit reliable and stable recovered electrical properties up to ≈90% of their initial values. Therefore, this result offers a viable route for utilizing β‐Ga2O3 NMs as a next‐generation material for a myriad of high‐performance flexible electronics and optoelectronic applications.
Paint‐On Epidermal Electronics for On‐Demand Sensors and Circuits
Authors: Lin Lancy , Dautta Manik , Hajiaghajani Amirhossein , Escobar Alberto Ranier , Tseng Peter , Khine Michelle
Published: November 2020

Wearable sensors continually evolve to become more epidermal‐like, yet still face challenges pertaining to conformability and reliance on wires and power sources. Herein, a nontoxic silver conductive ink made from children's school glue is used as a versatile medium for rapid, on‐demand wearable sensor development. This conductive ink can be painted directly onto the skin and to achieve dry electronics with maximal skin contact suitable for electrocardiogram use. Multilayer pressure sensors and near‐field communication (NFC) resonators manufactured using the silver ink demonstrate wireless and battery‐free capabilities for physiological monitoring purposes.
Hysteresis Effect in Two‐Dimensional Bi2Te3 Nanoplate Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Junliang , Pan Wenwu , Wang Han , Zhang Zekai , Zhang Songqing , Yuan Guang , Yuan CaiLei , Ren Yongling , Lei Wen
Published: November 2020

Recently, field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on two‐dimensional (2D) Bi2Te3 nanoplates have attracted much attention due to their great potential for fabricating high‐performance electronic devices. However, the gating property measurement of the Bi2Te3 nanoplate FETs exhibits hysteretic behavior in an ambient environment, which degrades not only their electrical properties, but also their device performance. This work presents a systematical study on the origins of this hysteresis effect in 2D Bi2Te3 FETs and explores effective approaches to minimize and eliminate this hysteresis effect. The hysteresis effect in 2D Bi2Te3 nanoplate FETs can be attributed to the charge trap states caused by the water molecules adsorbed on the nanoplate surface. To minimize and eliminate this hysteresis, poly(methyl methacrylate) layer is applied to passivate the 2D Bi2Te3 FETs, which leads to almost hysteresis‐free gating property and thus improves the carrier mobility and device performance. These results indicate that the surface/interface trap states of nanostructures can significantly influence their electrical properties and thus device performance, and as a result, surface passivation is required to minimize the influence of the surface/interface trap states and achieve high device performance.
An Atomically Thin Air‐Stable Narrow‐Gap Semiconductor Cr2S3 for Broadband Photodetection with High Responsivity
Authors: Xie Liu , Wang Jun , Li Jie , Li Chang , Zhang Yan , Zhu Benpeng , Guo Yuzheng , Wang Zhongchang , Zhang Kai
Published: November 2020

Infrared (IR) photodetectors are essential for optical communication, imaging, and medical and environmental monitoring technologies. However, current IR photodetectors relying on conventional narrow‐gap semiconductors require strict lattice match epitaxy and expensive manufacturing methods, and the incompatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technique cannot meet the requirement of high integration and miniaturization. Here, the controllable growth of an ultrathin narrow‐gap semiconductor Cr2S3, with thickness down to unitcell of ≈1.85 nm, is reported using chemical vapor deposition method. The as‐grown 2D Cr2S3 exhibits outstanding environmental stability with negligible degradation even after exposure in air for more than two months. By combining the optics Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer with density functional theory calculations, the bandgap of the synthesized Cr2S3 nanoflakes is determined to be 0.15 eV. A photodetector based on the 2D Cr2S3 exhibits a high responsivity (14.4 A W−1 at 520 nm, 6.0 A W−1 at 808 nm, and 3.0 A W−1 at 1550 nm) and excellent detectivity (4.0 × 1010 Jones at 520 nm, 1.7 × 1010 Jones at 808 nm, and 8.3 × 109 Jones at 1550 nm) under ambient conditions. These findings indicate that the air‐stable 2D narrow‐gap semiconductor Cr2S3 can act as a highly competitive candidate for broadband photodetector application and fundamental photophysics investigation.
Hard Carbon Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Commercial Perspectives for Na‐Ion Batteries beyond Li‐Ion and K‐Ion Counterparts
Authors: Zhao Ling‐Fei , Hu Zhe , Lai Wei‐Hong , Tao Ying , Peng Jian , Miao Zong‐Cheng , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: November 2020

Hard carbon (HC) is recognized as a promising anode material with outstanding electrochemical performance for alkali metal‐ion batteries including lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as well as their analogs sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent research is presented to interpret the challenges and opportunities for the applications of HC anodes. The ion storage mechanisms, materials design, and electrolyte optimizations for alkali metal‐ion batteries are illustrated in‐depth. HC is particularly promising as an anode material for SIBs. The solid‐electrolyte interphase, initial Coulombic efficiency, safety concerns, and all‐climate performances, which are vital for practical applications, are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, commercial prototypes of SIBs based on HC anodes are extensively elaborated. The remaining challenges and research perspectives are provided, aiming to shed light on future research and early commercialization of HC‐based SIBs.
WOx‐Surface Decorated PtNi@Pt Dendritic Nanowires as Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Weiyu , Huang Bolong , Wang Kai , Yang Wenxiu , Lv Fan , Li Na , Chao Yuguang , Zhou Peng , Yang Yong , Li Yingjie , Zhou Jinhui , Zhang Wenshu , Du Yaping , Su Dong , Guo Shaojun
Published: November 2020

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a pivotal element of electrochemical water splitting which is able to produce clean hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuel. Developing efficient Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the HER to work at all pHs is highly desirable, however, still a significant challenge, especially in alkaline conditions due to sluggish water dissociation and OHad transfer. Here, a new strategy for making a class of amorphous WOx‐surface decorated PtNi@Pt dendritic nanowires (WOx‐PtNi@Pt DNWs) to achieve highly efficient pH‐universal HER electrocatalysis is reported. The as‐made WOx‐PtNi@Pt DNWs display superior HER performance with the overpotentials of 24, 5, and 22 mV in 0.1 m KOH, 0.1 m HClO4, and 0.5 m phosphate‐buffered saline, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The mass activity of WOx‐PtNi@Pt DNWs in alkaline conditions is 3.3 mA μgPt−1 at an overpotential of 70 mV, among the best in all the reported materials. Theoretical calculations confirm the introduction of WOx to the PtNi DNWs plays a pivotal role in promoting the efficient electron transfer for the alkaline and acidic HER. The activation of the PtNi region within the PtNiWO interface is achieved by the WOx induced strain effect, which guarantees the superior performance in the HER.
Plant response to fungal root endophytes varies by host genotype in the foundation species Spartina alterniflora
Authors: Hughes A. Randall , Moore Althea F. P. , Gehring Catherine
Published: November 2020

PREMISE

Root‐associated fungi provide a wide range of functions for their host plants, including nutrient provisioning, pathogen protection, and stress alleviation. In so doing, they can markedly influence host‐plant structural and physiological traits, although the degree to which these effects vary within particular plant host species is not well understood.

METHODS

We conducted a 7‐month common‐garden inoculation experiment to test the potential effects of a marine fungus (Lulwoana sp.) on the phenotypic traits of different genotypes of the host, the salt marsh plant species Spartina alterniflora. Lulwoana belongs to the dark septate endophytes (DSE), a polyphyletic group of fungi that are commonly found colonizing healthy plant roots, though their ecological role remains unclear.

RESULTS

We documented significant impacts of Lulwoana on S. alterniflora morphology, biomass, and biomass allocation. For most traits in our study, these impacts varied significantly in direction and/or magnitude across S. alterniflora genotypes. Effects that were consistent across genotype were generally negative. Plant response was not predicted by the percentage of roots colonized, consistent with findings that dark septate endophytes do not necessarily influence plant growth responses through direct contact with roots.

CONCLUSIONS

The observed changes in stem height, biomass, and biomass allocation have important effects on plant competitive ability, growth, and fitness, suggesting that plant–fungal interactions have community and ecosystem level effects in salt marshes.
Distending Media Used During Hysteroscopy: Perioperative Nursing Implications
Authors: Donan Prospero C. , Pace Kelly A. , Ruiz Charles W. , Gracia Marissa M.
Published: November 2020

Hysteroscopy is a gynecological procedure that may be indicated for abnormal uterine bleeding, diagnosis and management of infertility, contraception, or sterilization. Surgeons use distending media during hysteroscopy to view the uterine cavity. Media options include carbon dioxide gas and both electrolytic and nonelectrolytic fluids. All distending media is absorbed by the patient's body, but the manner in which each media is absorbed is unique to its chemical composition. Understanding the properties of each distending medium and the risks involved with its use is critical to safe perioperative nursing care for patients undergoing hysteroscopy. This article provides perioperative nurses with a review of uterine anatomy and evidence‐based information on the types of distending media used during hysteroscopy and the corresponding perioperative nursing implications.
Congruency Between Planned and Performed Procedures and Adherence to Recommended Perioperative Practices: A Chart Audit of High‐Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Sandelin Annika , Gustafsson Birgitta Åkesdotter , Kalman Sigridur
Published: November 2020

Documentation in an electronic health record system helps ensure that perioperative personnel provide appropriate treatment and care to surgical patients. A retrospective chart review performed with an audit instrument sought to describe the extent to which the documented preoperative plan for a surgery corresponded to the procedure performed. The secondary aim was to describe to what extent perioperative nurses’ and physicians’ documented care was in accordance with national and international guidelines. Extracted data consisted of physicians’ and nurses’ documentation of 24 high‐risk surgical patients who died within 30 days after a procedure at two hospitals within a single health system. Surgeons documented a planned surgical method for 23 of the 24 patients and the surgical team performed 20 surgeries as planned. Perioperative nurses’ and anesthesia professionals’ documentation showed a lack of adherence to recommended practices: compliance with guidelines concerning antibiotic prophylaxis and preoperative hygiene preparation were low.
Clinical Issues—December 2020
Authors: Burlingame Byron L.
Published: November 2020

THIS MONTH

Evidence‐rating schemes

Key words: evidence‐rating scheme, level of evidence, evidence‐based guidelines, quality.

Surgical patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices

Key words: pacemaker, cardiac implanted electronic device (CIED), magnet, monopolar electrosurgery.

Preoperative to intraoperative hand‐over process

Key words: hand over, hand‐over process, hand‐over report, preoperative assessment, patient‐specific information.
SAC during early cell divisions: Sacrificing fidelity over timely division, regulated differently across organisms
Authors: Duro Joana , Nilsson Jakob
Published: November 2020

Early embryogenesis is marked by a frail Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The time of SAC acquisition varies depending on the species, cell size or a yet to be uncovered developmental timer. This means that for a specific number of divisions, biorientation of sister chromatids occurs unsupervised. When error‐prone segregation is an issue, an aneuploidy‐selective apoptosis system can come into play to eliminate chromosomally unbalanced cells resulting in healthy newborns. However, aneuploidy content can be too great to overcome, endangering viability.

SAC generates a diffusible signal to lengthen time spent in mitosis if needed, ensuring correct chromosome segregation, a fundamental factor in the generation of euploid cells. Thus, it remains puzzling what benefit could come from delaying SAC acquisition till later in the development. In this review, we describe what is known on SAC acquisition in distinct species and highlight pending research as well as potential applications for such knowledge.
Key advances in biocatalytic phosphorylations in the last two decades: Biocatalytic syntheses in vitro and biotransformations in vivo (in humans)
Authors: Wohlgemuth Roland
Published: November 2020

Biocatalytic phosphorylation reactions provide several benefits, such as more direct, milder, more selective, and shorter access routes to phosphorylated products. Favorable characteristics of biocatalytic methodologies represent advantages for in vitro as well as for in vivo phosphorylation reactions, leading to important advances in the science of synthesis towards bioactive phosphorylated compounds in various areas.

The scope of this review covers key advances of biocatalytic phosphorylation reactions over the last two decades, for biocatalytic syntheses in vitro and for biotransformations in vivo (in humans). From the origins of probiotic life to in vitro synthetic applications and in vivo formation of bioactive pharmaceuticals, the common purpose is to outline the importance, relevance, and underlying connections of biocatalytic phosphorylations of small molecules. Asymmetric phosphorylations attracting increased attention are highlighted.

Phosphohydrolases, phosphotransferases, phosphorylases, phosphomutases, and other enzymes involved in phosphorus chemistry provide powerful toolboxes for resource‐efficient and selective in vitro biocatalytic syntheses of phosphorylated metabolites, chiral building blocks, pharmaceuticals as well as in vivo enzymatic formation of biologically active forms of pharmaceuticals.

Nature's large diversity of phosphoryl‐group‐transferring enzymes, advanced enzyme and reaction engineering toolboxes make biocatalytic asymmetric phosphorylations using enzymes a powerful and privileged phosphorylation methodology.
Why do child sexual abuse victims not tell anyone about their abuse? An exploration of factors that prevent and promote disclosure
Authors: Winters Georgia M. , Colombino Niki , Schaaf Sarah , Laake Anniken L. W. , Jeglic Elizabeth L. , Calkins Cynthia
Published: November 2020

Disclosure rates of child sexual abuse (CSA) to both social supports and law enforcement are concerningly low, although more research is needed to understand factors that impact disclosure. Thus, the present study examined rates of informal (i.e., to a social support) and formal (i.e., to law enforcement) disclosure of CSA, as well as victims' self‐reported experiences with telling others about their own abuse and their perceptions of the overall advantages and disadvantages of disclosure. In all, 76 undergraduate women (who collectively experienced 105 instances of abuse) participated in a semi‐structured interview regarding their history of CSA. Results revealed that approximately 50% of cases involved the victim informally disclosing, and only 10% of cases being formally disclosed to authorities. The quantitative and qualitative data shed light on a number of factors that lead victims to not disclose, as well as the identification of factors that may promote a victim to share their abuse with others. The implications for improved prevention and responses to CSA disclosure are discussed.
Determining binding constants for 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complexes of ester betulin derivatives with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Sursyakova Viktoria V. , Levdansky Vladimir A. , Rubaylo Anatoly I.
Published: November 2020

The complexation of ester betulin derivatives with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) was studied by mobility shift affinity CE. Electrophoretic mobility for triangular peaks was calculated using the parameter a1 of the Haarhoff–Van der Linde function instead of the peak top time. Dependences of the viscosity corrected electrophoretic mobility on HP‐β‐CD concentration were not described on the basis of only complexes with 1:1 stoichiometry due to the fact that these binding curves did not reach a plateau. However, the dependences were well described taking into account both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. The presence of higher order equilibria was also revealed by x‐reciprocal plots. The values of apparent binding constant logarithm, obtained for the first time, for 1:1 and 1:2 HP‐β‐CD complexes of betulin 3,28‐diphthalate and betulin 3,28‐disuccinate with 95% confidence interval limits in brackets are the same within error and are equal to 4.85 (4.73–4.95), 8.56 (7.75–8.82), 4.92 (4.86–4.97), and 8.54 (8.23–8.72) at 25°C, respectively. These values for 1:1 and 1:2 HP‐β‐CD complexes of betulin 3,28‐disulfate at 25°C are 4.61 (4.57–4.64) and 7.11 (6.57–7.34), respectively. The binding constants for betulin 3,28‐disulfate agree with the previously obtained results from the separation in the thermostatted capillary segment.
Ranking populations in terms of inequality of health opportunity: A flexible latent type approach
Authors: Brunori Paolo , Trannoy Alain , Guidi Caterina Francesca
Published: November 2020

We offer a flexible latent type approach to rank populations according to unequal health opportunities. Building upon the latent‐class method, an approch increasingly adopted to estimate health inequalities, our contribution is to let the number of socioeconomic groups considered vary to obtain an opportunity‐inequality curve for a population that gives how the between‐type inequality varies with the number of types. A population A is said to have less inequality of opportunity than population B if its curve is statistically below that of population B. This version of the latent class approach allows for a robust ranking of 31 European countries regarding inequality of opportunity in health.
Mobile phone use and social interactions among caregivers can reduce their ability to provide constant supervision to children at Australian public swimming pools
Authors: Wickens Nicole , Wallace Ruth , Dare Julie , Costello Leesa , Lo Johnny , Nimmo Lauren
Published: November 2020

Issue addressed

Caregivers have a crucial role to play in keeping children safe at public swimming pool facilities, with the most common factor contributing to childhood drowning being a lapse in adult supervision.

Methods

A mixed methods approach was used to collect observations (n = 301) and interviews (n = 10) with caregivers of children aged 0‐10 years at two public swimming pool facilities located in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia (WA).

Results

Of the 449 children observed, children aged 6‐10 years were significantly less likely to be provided with ideal supervision (26%) compared to younger children aged 0‐5 years (62%). Of the caregivers who were using their mobile phone while supervising children (n = 100, 22% of children observed), none provided ideal supervision. Overall supervision levels among caregivers differed with gender, with only 44% (n = 74) of female caregivers providing ideal supervision, compared to 72% (n = 96) of male caregivers. The 10 interviews revealed several themes, including the following: caregivers’ perceptions of their supervision responsibilities; barriers to supervision; and awareness and perceptions of a communications campaign designed by the Royal Life Saving WA Branch, known as Watch Around Water (WAW).

Conclusion

Caregiver supervision at public swimming pools remains an important issue, particularly the use of mobile phones and its deleterious impact on supervision. The WAW program plays an integral role in educating caregivers of supervision responsibilities. Furthermore, this study adds to the limited evaluation of the WAW program, and thus will help guide future improvements to ensure caregiver supervision is consistent.

So what?

Further research is needed to create strategies to reduce mobile phone use among caregivers, in order to provide safer swimming environments.
Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in hospitalized obstetric patients at a tertiary hospital in Accra, Ghana: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sefogah Promise E. , Nuamah Mercy A. , Swarray‐Deen Alim , Mumuni Kareem , Onuzo Chibuikem N. , Seffah Joseph D.
Published: November 2020

Objective

To determine the prevalence of venous thromboembolism risk and thromboprophylaxis among obstetric inpatients, comparing prenatal and postnatal women.

Methods

We assessed 546 obstetric inpatients at the Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital for the prevalence study. Out of this number, 223 were recruited, comprising 111 prenatal and 112 postnatal mothers. A structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on participants’ venous thromboembolism risk, which was categorized into high, intermediate, and low using the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guidelines. Data on thromboprophylaxis were also obtained and analyzed. Values were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results

Overall venous thromboembolism risk among the study population was 82/223 (36.8%). All patients at high risk were prenatal, 59/112 (52.7%) of postnatal mothers were at intermediate risk, compared with 20/111 (18.0%) of prenatal women (p < 0.001). Prevalence of thromboprophylaxis was 5/82 (6.1%). All prenatal high‐risk patients received thromboprophylaxis, whereas only 2/20 (10.0%) of women with intermediate risk received thromboprophylaxis. The incidence of venous thromboembolism was 3/546 (0.6%) in the obstetric inpatients.

Conclusion

Our study found a high prevalence of venous thromboembolism risk among obstetric inpatients at the Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital. However, thromboprophylaxis was low. Further research is needed to audit recent practice of thromboprophylaxis and perinatal outcome.
Human decellularized adipose matrix derived hydrogel assists mesenchymal stem cells delivery and accelerates chronic wound healing
Authors: Chen Zhaoyang , Zhang Bowen , Shu Jun , Wang Haiyang , Han Yudi , Zeng Quan , Chen Youbai , Xi Jiafei , Tao Ran , Pei Xuetao , Yue Wen , Han Yan
Published: November 2020

Biological scaffolds based stem cell delivery methods have emerged as a promising approach for tissue repair and regeneration. Here we developed a hydrogel biological scaffold from human decellularized adipose matrix (hDAM) for human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) delivery to accelerate chronic wound healing. The hDAM hydrogel was prepared by pepsin mediated digestion and pH controlled neutralization. The morphology, survival, proliferation, and angiogenic paracrine activity of hASCs cultured in the hydrogel were assessed. Moreover, the therapeutic efficacy of the hASCs‐hydrogel composite for impaired wound healing was evaluated by using a full‐thickness wound model on diabetic mouse. The developed hDAM hydrogel was a thermosensitive hydrogel, presented the biochemical complexity of native extracellular matrix and formed a porous nanofiber structure after gelation. The hydrogel can support hASCs adhesion, survival, and proliferation. Compared to standard culture condition, hASCs cultured in the hydrogel exhibited enhanced paracrine activity with increased secretion of hepatocyte growth factor. In the diabetic mice model with excisional full‐thickness skin wounds, mice treated with the hASCs‐hydrogel composite displayed accelerated wound closure and increased neovascularization. Our results suggested that the developed hDAM hydrogel can provide a favorable microenvironment for hASCs with augmented regeneration potential to accelerate chronic wound healing.
Recovery and recycling of solvent of counter‐current chromatography: The sample of isolation of zeaxanthin in the Lycium barbarum L. fruits
Authors: Duan Wen‐Da , Quan Kai‐Jun , Huang Xin‐Yi , Gong Yuan , Xiao Sun , Liu Jian‐Fei , Pei Dong , Di Duo‐Long
Published: November 2020

An efficient method of recovering and recycling solvent for counter‐current chromatography was established by which zeaxanthin was separated from Lycium barbarum L. fruits. A column with activated carbon combined with high performance counter‐current chromatography formed the recovering and recycling solvent system. Using the solvent system of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–ethanol–water (8:2:7:3, v/v) from the references, five injections were performed with an almost unchanged purity of zeaxanthin (80.9, 81.2, 81.5, 81.3, and 80.2% respectively) in counter‐current chromatography separation. Meanwhile, the mobile phase reduced by half than conventional counter‐current chromatography. By this present method, an effective improvement of counter‐current chromatography solvent utilization was achieved.
Ethyl lactate: a sinister molecule exhibiting high chemical diversity with potential as a “green” solvent
Authors: Würmel Judith , Somers Kieran P. , Simmie John M.
Published: November 2020

A comprehensive study of the properties and reactivity of ethyl(S)‐lactate has been conducted. The conformational landscape, the enthalpy of formation of the ground state,  kJ mol−1, the thermochemistry (entropy, specific heat, enthalpy function), adiabatic ionization energy, and the single bond dissociation energies are also mapped out. Unimolecular elimination reactions leading to water and ethyl acrylate or ethene and lactic acid proceed with barriers in excess of 250 kJ mol−1—with the latter always dominant. The chemical kinetics of the abstraction of H‐atoms from primary, secondary, tertiary, and alcoholic sites by the radicals H• and are calculated as well as the kinetics of addition reactions to the carbonyl bond.
Mn2+‐Doped Metal Halide Perovskites: Structure, Photoluminescence, and Application
Authors: Su Binbin , Zhou Guojun , Huang Jinglong , Song Enhai , Nag Angshuman , Xia Zhiguo
Published: November 2020

Doping impurity ions into semiconductor luminescent materials offers a unique pathway for inducing new emission centers and enabling photoluminescence (PL) tuning. Among various luminescence materials, doping Mn2+ into metal halide perovskites becomes a hot topic since Mn2+ ions demonstrate an energy transfer route from host to dopants, resulting in interesting photophysical properties. This review aims to discuss the PL properties of Mn2+ ions in halide perovskites nanocrystals or bulk crystals with different structural dimensions and local environments (MnX42– tetrahedron, MnX62– octahedron, or shortest Mn─Mn distance). In this regard, the effects of Mn2+ doping on the PL properties and their modifications are summarized. Variable ion exchange dynamics, increased emission intensity, and enhanced stability induced by Mn2+ doping are analyzed. These results also provide beneficial insights into applications of the doped luminescent halide perovskites. Finally, the present challenges in Mn2+‐doped luminescent halide perovskites are elaborated.