bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open informational ecosystems: The missing link for sharing resources for education
Authors: Kerres Michael , Heinen Richard
Published: September 2016

Open educational resources are not available “as such”. Their provision relies on a technological infrastructure of related services that can be described as an informational ecosystem. A closed informational ecosystem keeps educational resources within its boundary. An open informational ecosystem relies on the concurrence of independent stakeholders that jointly provide (meta-) information also beyond its boundaries. Mechanisms of open informational ecosystems are described and how they contribute to the delivery of educational resources and to opening education. The paper describes the case of the German Bildungsserver that aims at establishing a federated network of providers of open and closed educational resources. It points out that the design of (inter-)national informational ecosystems has a major influence on the future of open educational resources in education.
Measuring disorientation based on the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm
Authors: Güyer Tolga , Atasoy Bilal , Somyürek Sibel
Published: September 2016

This study offers a new method to measure navigation disorientation in web based systems which is powerful learning medium for distance and open education. The Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is used to measure disorientation in a more precise manner. The process combines theoretical and applied knowledge from two previously distinct research areas, disorientation and string-matching. String-matching algorithms provide a more convenient disorientation measurement than other techniques, in that they examine the similarity between an optimal path and learners’ navigation paths. The algorithm particularly takes into account the contextual similarity between partly relevant web-pages in a user’s navigation path and pages in an optimal path. This study focuses on the reasons and the required steps to use this algorithm for disorientation measurement. Examples of actual student activities and learning environment data are provided to illustrate the process.
Guidelines towards the facilitation of interactive online learning programmes in higher education
Authors: Mbati Lydia , Minnaar Ansie
Published: September 2016

The creation of online platforms that establish new learning environments has led to the proliferation of institutions offering online learning programmes. However, the use of technologies for teaching and learning requires sound content specialization, as well as grounding in pedagogy. While gains made by constructivism and observational learning are well documented, research addressing online practices that best encourage constructivist and observational learning in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) contexts is limited.

Using a phenomenological methodological approach, this research explored the lived experiences of online learning programme facilitators at an Open and Distance Learning higher education institution. The findings of this research study revealed that facilitators did not use constructivist and observational learning pedagogies to a large extent in their interaction with students. It is concluded that during the curriculum planning phase, facilitators should decide on methods and media to arouse the students’ attention and stimulating constructivist and observational learning amongst students during online courses. This also implies a more reasonable facilitator-student ratio because large numbers of students per facilitator proves not feasible in online learning. The paper concludes by providing guidelines for the facilitation of interactive online learning programmes.
A usability evaluation of a blended MOOC environment: An experimental case study
Authors: Yousef Ahmed Mohamed Fahmy , Chatti Mohamed Amine , Schroeder Ulrik , Wosnitza Marold
Published: September 2016

In the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as a new form of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL), in higher education and beyond. Recognizing the limitations of standalone MOOCs, blended MOOCs (bMOOCs) that aim at bringing in-class (i.e. face-to-face) interactions and online learning components together have emerged as an alternative MOOC model of teaching and learning in a higher education context. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation details of a bMOOC course on “Teaching Methodologies” at Fayoum University, Egypt in cooperation with RWTH Aachen University, Germany, provided using the bMOOC platform L2P-bMOOC. In order to gauge the usability and effectiveness of the course, we employed an evaluation approach based on Conole’s 12 dimensions rubrics, ISONORM 9241/110-S as a general usability evaluation, and a custom effectiveness questionnaire reflecting the different MOOC stakeholder perspectives.
An item response theory analysis of the Community of Inquiry Scale
Authors: Horzum Mehmet Barış , Uyanik Gülden Kaya
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is to examine validity and reliability of Community of Inquiry Scale commonly used in online learning by the means of Item Response Theory. For this purpose, Community of Inquiry Scale version 14 is applied on 1,499 students of a distance education center’s online learning programs at a Turkish state university via internet. The collected data is analyzed by using a statistical software package. Research data is analyzed in three aspects, which are checking model assumptions, checking model-data fit and item analysis. Item and test features of the scale are examined by the means of Graded Response Theory. In order to use this model of IRT, after testing the assumptions out of the data gathered from 1,499 participants, data model compliance was examined. Following the affirmative results gathered from the examinations, all data is analyzed by using GRM. As a result of the study, the Community of Inquiry Scale adapted to Turkish by Horzum (in press) is found to be reliable and valid by the means of Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory.
Mobile learning: Moving past the myths and embracing the opportunities
Authors: Brown Tom H , Mbati Lydia S
Published: September 2016

Mobile learning (mLearning) in the open and distance learning landscape, holds promise and provides exciting new opportunities. In order to understand and embrace these opportunities within various contexts and circumstances it is imperative to understand the essence of the phenomenon. In this regard, we first need to understand the core fundamentals of mLearning and gain insight in what mLearning entails.

Using critical reflection, this paper clarifies what mLearning is by invalidating myths and misperceptions related to mLearning. Acknowledging the lessons learnt through past experience, the authors then explore the opportunities that mLearning provides. mLearning challenges and risks are discussed to assist those who are keen to embrace these opportunities, in avoiding unnecessary risks and pitfalls. The paper concludes by sharing a few thoughts on the future of mLearning.

These perspectives on mLearning seek to provide an overview of what mobile learning entails, recognise the achievements of mobile learning to date, and stimulate an appetite to embrace the opportunities in open and distance learning, while minimising the potential negative effects of technological, social and pedagogical change.
A generic framework for extraction of knowledge from social web sources (social networking websites) for an online recommendation system
Authors: Sathick Javubar , Venkat Jaya
Published: September 2016

Mining social web data is a challenging task and finding user interest for personalized and non-personalized recommendation systems is another important task. Knowledge sharing among web users has become crucial in determining usage of web data and personalizing content in various social websites as per the user’s wish. This paper aims to design a framework for extracting knowledge from web sources for the end users to take a right decision at a crucial juncture. The web data is collected from various web sources and structured appropriately and stored as an ontology based data repository. The proposed framework implements an online recommender application for the learners online who pursue their graduation in an open and distance learning environment. This framework possesses three phases: data repository, knowledge engine, and online recommendation system. The data repository possesses common data which is attained by the process of acquiring data from various web sources. The knowledge engine collects the semantic data from the ontology based data repository and maps it to the user through the query processor component. Establishment of an online recommendation system is used to make recommendations to the user for a decision making process. This research work is implemented with the help of an experimental case study which deals with an online recommendation system for the career guidance of a learner. The online recommendation application is implemented with the help of R-tool, NLP parser and clustering algorithm.This research study will help users to attain semantic knowledge from heterogeneous web sources and to make decisions.
Exploring students’ intention to use LINE for academic purposes based on technology acceptance model
Authors: Van De Bogart Willard , Wichadee Saovapa
Published: September 2016

The LINE application is often conceived as purely social space; however, the authors of this paper wanted to determine if it could be used for academic purposes. In this study, we examined how undergraduate students accepted LINE in terms of using it for classroom-related activities (e.g., submit homework, follow up course information queries, download materials) and explored the factors that might affect their intention to use it. Data were collected from 144 undergraduate students enrolled in an English course that utilized some activities based on LINE app using a questionnaire developed from TAM. Data were analyzed to see if relationships existed among factors when LINE was used to organize classroom experiences. The findings revealed that perceived usefulness and attitude toward usage had positive relationships with intention to use while perceived ease of use was positively related to perceived usefulness. In contrast with TAM assertions, this study did not find any relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude toward usage. Also, the number of social networking sites that students are using had no relationship with intention to use. The study also suggested some kinds of LINE-based learning activities preferred by students, which would be proposed for future courses. This study revealed several useful implications that TAM can be employed as a useful theoretical framework to predict and understand users’ intention to use new technologies in education.
Massive open online course completion rates revisited: Assessment, length and attrition
Authors: Jordan Katy
Published: September 2016

This analysis is based upon enrolment and completion data collected for a total of 221 Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). It extends previously reported work (Jordan, 2014) with an expanded dataset; the original work is extended to include a multiple regression analysis of factors that affect completion rates and analysis of attrition rates during courses. Completion rates (defined as the percentage of enrolled students who completed the course) vary from 0.7% to 52.1%, with a median value of 12.6%. Since their inception, enrolments on MOOCs have fallen while completion rates have increased. Completion rates vary significantly according to course length (longer courses having lower completion rates), start date (more recent courses having higher percentage completion) and assessment type (courses using auto grading only having higher completion rates). For a sub-sample of courses where rates of active use and assessment submission across the course are available, the first and second weeks appear to be critical in achieving student engagement, after which the proportion of active students and those submitting assessments levels out, with less than 3% difference between them.
Conceptualizing and investigating instructor presence in online learning environments
Authors: Richardson Jennifer C , Koehler Adrie A. , Besser Erin D. , Caskurlu Secil , Lim JiEun , Mueller Chad M.
Published: September 2016

As online learning opportunities continue to grow it is important to continually consider instructor practices. Using case study methodology this study conceptualizes instructor presence, the intersection of social and teaching presence as defined within the Community of Inquiry literature, and is based in the implementation phase of online courses which is important to note since instructors often teach courses they did not design or develop.  The investigation of the instructor presence behaviors of 12 online instructors and the emerging profiles of instructor presence provide a gateway to strategies for online instructors and offer a window into the ways instructional presence elements work together while providing insights into how to make the best use of online instructor time.  In practical terms, the profiling method provides a useful way for practitioners to improve their own experiences.
Stories from Students in Their First Semester of Distance Learning
Authors: Brown Mark , Hughes Helen , Keppell Mike , Hard Natasha , Smith Liz
Published: September 2016

Online and distance learning is becoming increasingly common. Some would say it has quickly become the preferred or 'new normal' mode of study throughout the world. However, surprisingly little is known about what actually happens to first year distance students once they have enrolled in tertiary institutions; what motivates them and how they actually experience the transition to formal study by distance. This gap in the literature presents a challenge for distance education providers who worldwide are coming under increasing scrutiny in light of poor retention, progression and completion rates. Against this backdrop, the purpose of the current study was to gather insights and seek a deeper understanding from first-time distance learners about the nature of their experiences. The study was framed around Design-based Research involving a mixed method approach over three phases. This paper focuses on the third phase, which was the major component of the study. The lived experiences of 20 first-time distance learners were gathered, in their own words, using weekly video diaries for data collection. Over 22 hours of video data was transcribed and thematically analysed, from which five themes have been reported. The discussion reflects on the ways that video diaries have provided a unique insight around the complexities of distance learning — as distinct from campus-based learning. The paper concludes that the new digital learning environment made possible by the Internet offers a number of exciting possibilities for distance learners; however, more needs to be done by institutions to change the ‘lone wolf’ preconception of distance education and to avoid the ‘goulash approach’ to supporting distance learners. The lives of first-time distance learners are not black and white; they are complex shades of grey and this needs to be taken in to account when designing appropriate learning experiences and supports to ensure student success.
Supporting Access to Open Online Courses for Learners of Developing Countries
Authors: Nti Kwame
Published: September 2016

This paper examines how access to, and use of, open educational resources (OER) content may be enhanced for nonnative learners in developing countries from a learner perspective. Using analysis of the open education concept, factors that affect access to OER content, and universal standards for delivering multimedia learning, the author demonstrates that the open concept, access, and participation in OER content follow a three-level relationship. This relationship is affected by technology, economic, and more importantly, social factors, all of which play dual and opposite roles. The open concept forms the foundation of the three-level relationship, while access maintains a central role from which participation, including use, repurposing, and redistribution of OER depend. The submission is that the relationship among openness, access, and participation should be a major consideration for producers and providers of OER content who seek to support access for nonnative learners, particularly those in developing countries.
Personal Spaces in Public Repositories as a Facilitator for Open Educational Resource Usage
Authors: Cohen Anat , Reisman Sorel , Bied Sperling Barbra
Published: September 2016

Learning object repositories are a shared, open and public space; however, the possibility and ability of personal expression in an open, global, public space is crucial. The aim of this study is to explore personal spaces in a big learning object repository as a facilitator for adoption of Open Educational Resources (OERs) into teaching practices and to gain more insight into different types of OER user behaviors by analyzing the users' behaviors in the Bookmark Collection of MERLOT (a personal space, formerly known as Personal Collection), along with other community activities in that repository: writing comments and peer reviews, as well as sharing learning materials, learning exercises, and contents that were built with the content builder. In addition, using a data mining methodology, most active Bookmark Collection contributors (N=507) were classified into clusters of users with the same patterns of activity. Three clusters resulted, which gave insights into different types of contributor behavior.  Furthermore, it was found that personal spaces are applicable for a variety of uses with diverse goals. Members create personal spaces for their own use, while allowing others to view and copy; or for other users. Personal space encourages the reuse of learning materials and enables the construction of unique learning processes that suit the learner's needs. They may offer the possibility of personalizing public repositories and promoting the reuse of OERs.
Appreciative Leadership: Supporting Education Innovation
Authors: Orr Tracy , Cleveland-Innes Marti
Published: September 2016

Appreciative Leadership is unique among leadership theories both past and present. This uniqueness includes its strength-based practice, search for the positive in people and organizations, and the role this plays in organizational innovation and transformation. What follows is a summary of Appreciative Inquiry and the five main principles on which it is based. We then discuss Appreciative Leadership in terms of its place among leadership theories in general. Finally we look at the potential of Appreciative Leadership inK-12 contexts.
Examining Value Change in MOOCs in the Scope of Connectivism and Open Educational Resources Movement
Authors: OZTURK HAYRIYE TUGBA
Published: September 2016

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) came to prominence with Open Educational Resources Movement (OERM). It was based upon the idea of libre in removal of some permission barriers and gratis in removing the price barrier (Suber, 2008) in learning resources. In line with the theoretical underpinnings of OERM, MOOCs embody primary characteristics of connectivist pedagogy which are autonomy, diversity, openness, and community participation. However, in time, moving away from its original philosophical and pedagogical values, new variations of MOOCs have emerged and new MOOCs have become more market oriented and are aligned with instructivist, cognitive, and behaviourist pedagogy. In an attempt to empirically examine the change in underlying values of the MOOCs, a survey method was employed by using a Connectivist Learning Environment Assessment Tool which was developed in the scope of this research. The tool could be useful for formulating and justifying a conceptual framework that enables us to reify the connectivist pedagogy and assess connectivist underpinnings of a learning environment including MOOCs. This research aims to contribute to MOOC studies against the background of previous knowledge from the Open Education and Connectivist fields.
In Search of Quality: Using Quality Matters to Analyze the Quality of Massive, Open, Online Courses (MOOCs)
Authors: Lowenthal Patrick , Hodges Charles
Published: September 2016

The concept of the massive, open, online course (MOOC) is not new, but high-profile initiatives have moved MOOCs into the forefront of higher education news over the past few years. Members of institutions of higher education have mixed feelings about MOOCs, ranging from those who want to offer college credit for the successful completion of MOOCs to those who fear MOOCs are the end of the university as we know it. We set forth to investigate the quality of MOOCs by using the Quality Matters quality control framework. In this article, we present the results of our inquiry, with a specific focus on the implications the results have on day-to-day practice of designing online courses.
Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Infections after Transrectal Biopsy of the Prostate in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Authors: Saade Elie Antoun , Suwantara Nuntra , Zabarsky Trina F. , Wilson Brigid , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: September 2016

Background: Recent reports suggest that infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) are an increasingly common complication of transrectal biopsy of the prostate (TBP) in the United States. A better understanding of the magnitude and scope of these infections is needed to guide prevention efforts. Our objective is to determine whether the incidence of infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after TBP has increased nationwide in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System and to identify risk factors for infection.Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study and a nested case-control study within the US Deparment of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. The primary outcomes were the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacteremia with E. coli and with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains within 30 days after TBP. Secondary endpoints focused on the correlation between fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates and post-TBP infection and risk factors for infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infection.Results: 245 618 patients undergoing 302 168 TBP procedures from 2000 through 2013 were included in the cohort study, and 59 469 patients undergoing TBP from 2011 through 2013 were included in the nested case-control study. Between 2000 and 2013, there was a 5-fold increase in the incidence of E. coli UTI (0.18%–0.93%) and a 4-fold increase in the incidence of E. coli bacteremia (0.04%–0.18%) after TBP that was attributable to an increase in the incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI (0.03%–0.75%) and bacteremia (0.01%–0.14%). The increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infections after TBP occurred in parallel with increasing rates of fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI after TBP included diabetes mellitus, fluoroquinolone exposure, prior hospitalization, and prior cultures with fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli.Conclusion: In the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, the incidence of E. coli infection after TBP has increased significantly since 2000 due to a dramatic rise in infections with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli.Keywords: bacteremia; case-control studies; cohort studies; early detection of cancer; Escherichia coliinfections; microbial drug resistance; postoperative complications; prostate; retrospective studies; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; urinary tract infections.
Essai de systèmes de conduite de la vigne pour la production de raisins « pourris nobles » en bordelais
Authors: Carbonneau Alain , Casteran P.
Published: September 2016

Une expérimentation de système de conduite pour la production de vin « liquoreux » en appellation Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, menée de 1979 à 1984 a abouti, dans des conditions de protection à l'hectare analogues et sur la base des analyses des moûts et des dégustations de vins, à classer ainsi par ordre décroissant de potentiel qualitatif (dans une gamme de qualité moyenne à bonne) :

1) vigne large en lyre ouverte;

2) vignes larges en lyre fermée (ici de façon assez irrégulière) et en lyre tronquée, vigne étroite rognée;

3) vigne large plane.

Il est suggéré un essai à plus grande échelle, notamment de la lyre ouverte et de la lyre tronquée, afin d'assurer le développement de ces nouvelles formes et de mieux étudier le phénomène de surmaturation en présence de pourriture noble.

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An experiment on training systems for a production of sweet white wine in Sainte-Croix-du-Mont Appellation, from 1979 to 1984, has allowed, for similar yields per hectare and on the basis of must analysis and wine tasting, to classify in a decreasing ranking of quality potential (within a range of quality : medium to good) :

1) open lyre in wide spacing;

2) closed lyre (irregularly) and trucaded lyre in wide spacing, classical vertical trellis in close spacing;

3) classical vertical trellis in wide spacing.

A wide scale experiment of the open lyre and the truncated lyre is suggested, in order to allow the application of these new forms and to better study the phenomenon of over maturing in presence of noble rot.
Etude de la structure isoenzymatique de quelques enzymes de variétés de Vitis vinifera et de porte-greffes. Application a la détermination biochimique de l'affinité greffon-variété
Authors: Masa Antón
Published: September 2016

Dans le but de compléter la méthode biochimique de détermination de l'affinité entre Vitis vinifera et porte-greffe, on étudie, par électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide, le profil isoenzymatique de quatre systèmes enzymatiques (phosphatases acide et alcaline, peroxydase et estérase) chez cinq variétés et six porte-greffes. A partir des mobilités électrophorétiques relatives le calcul des valeurs des coefficients d'affinité permet d'établir, pour chaque enzyme, une relation d'affinité ou de non-affinité des diverses associations vinifera-porte-greffes. Ces résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus à partir des dosages de protéines totales. Les phosphatases acide et alcaline apparaissent les plus adaptées pour la détermination de l'affinité variété-porte-greffe.

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ln order to complete the biochemical method for determination of scion roots-stock affinity in grape a new approach is proposed such as the study and comparison of isoenzymatic structure of some scions and rootstocks enzymes. Acidic and alkaline phosphatases, peroxidase and esterase of five Vitis vinifera and six rootstocks were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Relative electrophoretic mobilities of the different isoenzymatic bands were calculated. After comparing the zymogram banding patterns it was concluded that this new approach was valid. Evidence occured that acidic and alkaline phosphatases were the most useful for determining the scion-rootstock affinity. Results were in agreement with those previously obtained according to protein determinations.
Premières observations sur les activités enzymatiques developpées dans le moût de raisins par certains champignons filamenteux
Authors: San Romão Maria Vitória , Silva Alemão Maria Filomena
Published: September 2016

La composition macromoléculaire des extraits alcooliques de moûts parasités par certains champignons filamenteux est variable, également certaines activités enzymatiques qui leur sont associées. Tandis que l'extrait de Botrytis cinerea se caractérise par une forte activité N-acétyl-β-glucoseaminidase, ceux de Penicillium et de Mucor auront respectivement une activité-β-glucuronidase et α-galactosidase importantes.

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Macromolecular composition of alcoholic extracts from certains filamentous fungi infected musts is variable. It is the same for certains enzymatic activities associated to them. Even the extract of Botrytis cinerea is characterized by a strong N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activity, those of Penicillium and Mucor will have respectively an activity β-glucuronidase and α-galactosidase important.
Estimation rapide des constituants macromoléculaires des moûts et des vins par chromatographie liquide haute pression (CLHP) de tamisage moleculaire
Authors: Dubourdieu Denis , Llaubères Rose-Marie , Ollivier Christophe
Published: September 2016

Nous proposons dans cette note une méthode originale de dosage simultané des polysaccharides et des protéines des moûts et des vins, par chromatographie liquide haute pression de tamisage moléculaire. L'application de la chromatographie liquide haute pression pour le dosage global des protéines solubles des moûts et des vins a déjà été signalé par P.-J. TYSON (1981) qui opère par chromatographie d'exclusion.
Premières observations sur l'utilisation des acides octanoïque et décanoïque comme adjuvants a l'anhydride sulfureux pour la stabilisation des vins doux. Incidences organoleptiques
Authors: Larue Françoise , Murakami Y. , Boidron Jean-Noël , Fohr Lionel
Published: September 2016

Par leur action anti-levure, les acides octanoïque et décanoïque peuvent servir d'adjuvants à l'anhydride sulfureux pour stabiliser les vins; le respect de certaines modalités d'application permet d'éviter d'éventuelles déviations aromatiques. Dans la mesure où leur emploi serait autorisé, le sulfitage pourrait être limité aux doses nécessaires pour mettre les vins à l'abri des phénomènes d'oxydation.

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By their action anti-yeast, octanoic and decanoic acids, can be used as adjuvants to sulphuric anhydride for stabilisation of wines; the respect of some application modalities must avoid eventual aromatic deviations. In the case of their employment would be authorised, the treatment with sulphuric could be limited  to necessary doses in order to save the wines from oxidation phenomenones.
Choix de la température de fermentation la mieux adaptée pour l'élaboration des vins blancs a partir du cépage « Pedro Ximénez » dans le sud de l'Espagne
Authors: Moreno Juan , Mauricio Juan C. , Ortega Jose M. , Médina Bernard
Published: September 2016

Des moûts, obtenus à partir de raisins « Pedro Ximénez » présentant des états de maturité différents, sont fermentés à différentes températures. Les données analytiques et les dénombrements de levures montrent que les températures comprises entre 20°C et 25°C sont les plus adaptées pour l'élaboration, à partir de ce cépage, de vins riches en alcool.

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Musts, obtained from « Pedro Ximénez » grapes, at different maturity levels, are fermented at various temperatures. Analytical data and yeast counting show that temperatures between 20 and 25°C are the best for the elaboration of wines with a high alcoholic content from this variety of grape.
Exemples d'interprétation de résultats de dégustation
Authors: Barillère Jean-Marie , Bénard Pierre
Published: September 2016

De nombreux auteurs ont proposé des méthodes et des tables pour l'interprétation de résultats de dégustation, notamment ROESSLER et al. (1978) pour les tests de différence et KRAMER (1956, 1974) pour les tests de classement. Ces dernières ont été remises en question par JOANES (1985) et SMITH (1985) préconise le test de FRIEDMAN. Les méthodes d'analyses multidimensionnelles (AC.P. et A.F.C.) permettent l'interprétation de dégustations descriptives (notation ou appréciation d'un vin sur plusieurs paramètres). Des exemples sont donnés pour développer l'utilisation de ces méthodes en oenologie.

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Statistics seem to be essential in a sensory valuation, not only to interpret the results but also to define the experimental protocol, to distribute samples in a balanced way, to avoid the effect of sytematic mistakes (SAUVAGEOT 81).

A lot of authors proposed methods of calculs and tables: KRAMER (1956), KRAMER et al. (1974), ROESSLER et al. (1978), LARMOND (1969), TOMASSONE et FLANZY (1977).

A. JOANES (1985) has just called in question again validity of KRAMER's tables (very used in œnology) it was important for us to present with few examples, some methods of interpretation of difference and preference tests.

We especially use « duo trio and triangle tests ». The last one, more difficult, must be done with a expert panel. ROESSLER and al. (1978) proposed tables giving critical values (number of correct answers) at different probability levels.

So we advise the FRIEDMAN's test; it's a non parametric method, with which you can know if one wine is different or not. Two wines are different if the difference between their rank sums is rank above a value determined with the NEWMAN's test.

The descriptive tasting (appreciation of a wine with several variables: colour, arome intensity, sourness, bitterness...) give more informations.

Two methods of multidimensional analysis are proposed to take into account the entire information:

- The principal components analysis if the results are presented as quantitative variables,

- The correspondance analysis if the results are presented as qualitative variables.

Examples of interpretations are proposed to develope the use of theses methods in œnology. That's easier with the introduction of the micro-computer.
La disposition des grappes sur les rameaux principaux de Vitis vinifera L.
Authors: Bouard Jacques
Published: September 2016

Les dispositions trouvées sur les rameaux portant au maximum 4 grappes se rencontrent avec une fréquence très variable qui dépend de la variété. Mais, pour une même variété, l'influence de l'année apparaît considérable. Il existe une corrélation entre le niveau d'insertion de la première grappe et les dispositions décrites. Une interprétation des différentes dispositions trouvées, de celles qui sont possibles et des anomalies rencontrées est proposée.

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Arrangements found on canes bearing a maximum of 4 bunches occured with varying frequency, depending on the variety. However, for the same variety, the influence of the year seemed considerable. There was a correlation between the print of insertion of the first bunch and the arrangements described above. An interpretation is given of the different arrangements found, of those which are possible and the anomalies observed.
Evolution des réserves lipidiques des pépins de raisin pendant leur germination
Authors: Lavaud J. J.
Published: September 2016

La diminution des lipides de réserve qui se produit dans les pépins de raisin au cours de la germination est due uniquement aux lipides neutres. Les lipides polaires, au contraire, tendent à augmenter. On n'observe aucune modification dans le nombre des acides gras présents.

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The level of total lipids is modified during grape seeds germinating. The level of neutral decrease, however polar lipids increase. The fatty acids composition of neutral polar lipids is similar during germination.
Emploi du charbon décolorant dans le traitement des moûts et des vins
Authors: Mazzoleni Valeria , Testa S. , Colagrande Osvaldo
Published: September 2016

Les auteurs étudient les caractères chimiques et physiques de trois charbons végétaux ainsi que quelques paramètres pouvant influer sur leur efficacité (teneur en colloïdes, température de traitement, etc.). Ils montrent que le traitement de décoloration d'un moût de raisins Pinot noir ne modifie que très légèrement les composés aromatiques du vin obtenu. Ils observent que le traitement par le charbon des vins blancs madérisés entraîne une modification de leurs teneurs en composés aromatiques qui dépend, en premier lieu, du type de charbon utilisé. L'instabilité à l'oxydation des vins traités semble liée à la structure chimique du charbon.

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Chemical and physical properties of three vegetal charcoals and their efficiency according to some parameters (colloid level, temperature of treatment) were studied. It was shown that bleaching treatment of a red Pinot noir must changed very slightly the aromatic compounds of the corresponding wine. For oxidised white wines, changes in the level of aromatic compounds occured, firstly according to the tye of charcoal used. The instability of treated wines toward oxidation appared in connection with the chemical structure of the charcoal.
Applying Multi-Output Random Forest Models to Electricity Price Forecast
Authors: González Camino , Mira José M. , Ojeda José A.
Published: September 2016

Predicting electricity prices is a very important issue in modern society, because the associated decision process under uncertainty requires accurate forecasts for the economic agents involved. In this paper, we apply the decision tree extension of Random Forests to the prediction of electricity prices in Spain, but with the novelty of modeling prices jointly with demand, with the purpose of achieving greater accuracy than with univariate response Random Forests, particularly in price prediction, as well as understanding the effect of the input variables (lagged values of price and demand, current production levels of available energy sources) on the joint of the two outputs. The results are very encouraging, providing significant increase in price prediction accuracy. Also, interesting methodological challenges appear as far as the appropriate choice of the relative weights of price and demand in the joint modeling is concerned and a new procedure to provide the importance variable ranking is proposed. The partykit (package of R software) library allowing for multivariate Random Forests has been used.
Cultural Heritage Sites in Danger—Towards Automatic Damage Detection from Space
Authors: Cerra Daniele , Plank Simon , Lysandrou Vasiliki , Tian Jiaojiao
Published: September 2016

The intentional damages to local Cultural Heritage sites carried out in recent months by the Islamic State have received wide coverage from the media worldwide. Earth Observation data provide important information to assess these damages in such non-accessible areas, and automated image processing techniques would be needed to speed up the analysis if a fast response is desired. This paper shows the first results of applying fast and robust change detection techniques to sensitive areas, based on the extraction of textural information and robust differences of brightness values related to pre- and post-disaster satellite images. A map highlighting potentially damaged buildings is derived, which could help experts at timely assessing the damages to the Cultural Heritage sites of interest. Encouraging results are obtained for two archaeological sites in Syria and Iraq.
The Political Economy of Russian Migration Politics
Authors: Malakhov Vladimir , Simon Mark
Published: September 2016

The authors argue that despite significant numbers of foreign workers present in the Russian labor market Russia remains unattractive for highly skilled foreign workers. The economic crisis the country has faced since 2014 has resulted in a further outflow of foreign nationals from OECD countries. So Russia has to look for employees among newcomers from the former Soviet states, the majority of whom come from Central Asia. Russian politics with regard to immigration is characterized by the collision between “geopolitical” and domestic policy rationales. On one hand, seeking to maximize its influence in the post-Soviet space Russia provides preferential conditions of employment for citizens of partner countries in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. On the other hand, the Kremlin is afraid to liberalize its approach to immigration and the integration of immigrants through fear of losing popularity among the electorate. The second substantial feature of Russian immigration politics is an extreme level of securitization of migration issues. The government considers these issues primarily through a policing lens. One cannot claim that the Russian state does not take any steps to liberalize “migratory regulation”; however, the effect of these measures is being vastly reduced by new restrictions. In addition, liberally designed laws do not bring the expected results due to the corrupt practices that pervade the whole of migration regulation.
Imperfection Sensitivity of Nonlinear Vibration of Curved Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based on Nonlocal Timoshenko Beam Theory
Authors: Eshraghi Iman , Jalali Seyed K. , Pugno Nicola Maria
Published: September 2016

Imperfection sensitivity of large amplitude vibration of curved single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is considered in this study. The SWCNT is modeled as a Timoshenko nano-beam and its curved shape is included as an initial geometric imperfection term in the displacement field. Geometric nonlinearities of von Kármán type and nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen are employed to derive governing equations of motion of nano-beam. Spatial discretization of governing equations and associated boundary conditions is performed using differential quadrature (DQ) method and the corresponding nonlinear eigenvalue problem is iteratively solved. Effects of value and location of the geometric imperfection, and the nonlocal small-scale parameter on the nonlinear frequency ratio and imperfection sensitivity of a curved SWCNT for various boundary conditions are investigated. The results show that the geometric imperfection plays a significant role in the nonlinear vibration characteristics of curved SWCNTs.
A Satellite View of the Atmospheric Dry Intrusion and its Influences on the Mid-Latitude Disastrous Weather
Authors: Shou Yi-xuan , Lu Feng , Shou Shaowen
Published: September 2016

Dry intrusion is an important mid-latitude atmosphere phenomenon within the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. It is always found to be related to the cyclogenesis, rainstorm, as well as convection generation and precipitation enhancement. Since the atmosphere environment for any of these above-mentioned weather is terribly complicated, those preexisting popular schemes which takes no account of water vapor may not suitable for detecting the dry intrusion related to these weathers. With regard to the merits and demerits of the current preexisting schemes, a new scheme based on Fengyun-2E geo-stationary satellite data is presented in this study to detect the atmospheric dry intrusion. The scheme is set up based on the statistical relationship between water vapor at high level troposphere, the general moist potential vorticity, ozone concentration and upper-level jet. After using the total amount of ozone and ozone profile operational products retrieved by Fengyun-3 Polar Orbiting Meteorological Satellites and the potential vorticity calculated by ECMWF Interim data for validation, this scheme is applied to analyze two typical middle-latitude weather processes. One is the famous Beijing extreme rainfall of 21 July 2012 and the other is a hailstorm occurred on the eastern China during March 19, 2014. A good application effect in both cases suggests that our new method of detecting dry intrusion is feasible and can be helpful in middle-latitude disastrous weather monitoring and forecasting.
Bajos niveles de rendimiento físico, VO2MAX y elevada prevalencia de obesidad en escolares de 9 a 14 años de edad
Authors: Caamaño Navarrete Felipe
Published: September 2016

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Evaluación del estado nutricional y de la ingesta de alimentos de los pacientes coinfectados por el HV/HIV
Authors: Souza Pinto Giselle
Published: September 2016

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Validity and reliability of beverage intake questionnaire: evaluating hydration status
Authors: Kaabudak Efsun
Published: September 2016

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Análisis nutricional en atletas de fondo y medio fondo durante una temporada deportiva
Authors: Grijota Pérez Francisco Javier
Published: September 2016

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Adecuación de las peticiones de los niveles de vitamina D al laboratorio
Authors: Valero Chávez Francisco Javier
Published: September 2016

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Percepción de embarazadas y matronas acerca de los consejos nutricionales durante la gestación
Authors: Espuig Sebastián Rosana
Published: September 2016

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Analisis Fenotipik Progeni Tiga Galur Tomat Transgenik Partenokarpi di Fasilitas Uji Terbatas
Authors: Pardal Saptowo Jumali , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Lestari Endang Gati , Slamet Slamet
Published: September 2016

Kebutuhan masyarakat akan buah tomat konsumsi dan untuk industri cenderung kian meningkat setiap tahunnya, sedangkan produksi tomat masih rendah. Hingga kini, produksi tomat nasional masih sangat rendah,yaitu 992.780 ton sehingga belum mencukupi kebutuhan pasar yang mencapai 1.230.000 ton. Beberapa upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan produksi tomat, tetapi masih menemui beberapa masalah di lapangan. Perakitan varietas unggul tomat produktivitas tinggi dan tanpa biji (seedless) sangatlah diharapkan guna memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan industri. Partenokarpi merupakan fenomena terjadinya pembentukan buah tanpa melalui proses penyerbukan dan atau pembuahan. Teknologi partenokarpi dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi tomat melalui peningkatan pembentukan buah (fruits setting) dan buah tanpa biji. Perakitan galur tomat partenokarpi melalui rekayasa genetik telah dilakukan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen). Enam puluh galur (event) tomat transgenik T0 yang membawa gen DefH9-iaaM telah dihasilkan dan tiga galur di antaranya, yaitu OvR#14-4, OvM2#10-1, dan OvM2#6-2 telah terpilih sebagai galur terbaik berdasarkan karakter partenokarpinya. Galur tomat transgenik ini selanjutnya dievaluasi lebih lanjut secara molekuler dan fenotipik di rumah kaca dan rumah kasa fasilitas uji terbatas (FUT). Hasil analisis molekuler menunjukkan bahwa semua galur tomat transgenik yang diuji masih membawa gen DefH9-iaaM. Hasil evaluasi awal terhadap tiga galur tomat transgenik secara fenotipik juga menunjukkan sifat partenokarpi, yaitu meningkatnya jumlah buah, berat buah, dan berkurangnya jumlah biji (seedless). Analisis fenotipik lebih lanjut terhadap progeni ketiga galur tersebut pada percobaan ini menunjukkan adanya ekspresi fenotipik dari gen DefH9-iaaM, di mana galur OvR#14-4 memiliki ekspresi fenotipik partenokarpi lebih baik daripada galur OvM2#10-1 dan OvM2#6-2.
Keragaman Sebelas Klon Mangga Komersial Indonesia
Authors: Tasliah Tasliah , Karsinah Karsinah , Prasetiyono Joko
Published: September 2016

Mangga merupakan salah satu buah penting di Indonesia. Tanaman mangga dapat menyerbuk silang sehingga menyebabkan adanya varian-varian mangga dengan nama yang sama. Arumanis dan  Gedong Gincu merupakan varietas mangga komersial Indonesia untuk memenuhi pasar dalam negeri maupun internasional. Selain kedua varietas tersebut terdapat mangga Gadung sebagai mangga komersial yang berkarakter mirip dengan Arumanis, oleh karena itu para pakar mangga terdahulu menyatakan bahwa mangga Gadung-21 sinonim dengan mangga Arumanis-143 sehingga mangga Gadung-21 tidak bisa dilepas sebagai varietas unggul baru. Pohon induk varietas tersebut telah dikoleksi di Kebun Percobaan Cukurgondang dan dalam koleksi tersebut terdapat beberapa klon mangga Arumanis, Gedong, dan Gadung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaman genetik 11 klon mangga komersial Indonesia berdasarkan marka mikrosatelit. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah 11 klon mangga yang meliputi lima klon mangga Arumanis, dua klon mangga Gadung, dan empat klon mangga Gedong yang berasal dari Kebun Percobaan Cukurgondang, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian dari bulan Januari sampai bulan November 2014. Marka yang digunakan ialah 30 marka mikrosatelit. Analisis kesamaan menggunakan koefisien Dice, sedangkan pengelompokan mangga menggunakan metode UPGMA yang ada di dalam program NTSYS 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pasang klon mangga dari 11 yang diuji, yakni Arumanis-143 dengan Arumanis-205, Gadung-21 dengan Arumanis-135, dan Gadung-185 dengan Arumanis-151. Ketiga pasang klon mangga tersebut memiliki tingkat kesamaan lebih dari 90%. Keragaman klon mangga Gedong sangat tinggi, terbukti dari variasi pola pita yang muncul dalam analisis DNA. Mangga Gadung-21 terbukti sinonim dengan mangga Arumanis-135 bukan dengan Arumanis -143.