bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review on Hemorrhoids: From Epidemiology to Preclinical Assessment of Anti-Hemorrhoidal Agents
Authors: Bairagi PK , Kulkarni AV , Gunjal AA , Chavan VY
Published: June 2024

The review discusses the etiology, epidemiology, classification, risk factors, assessment, the role of biomarkers in the development of hemorrhoids, operative and non-operative treatment options, post-operative complications of hemorrhoids, preclinical evaluation methods of anti-hemorrhoidal drugs, and different medicinal plants that exhibit anti-hemorrhoidal activity. The dilation and dislocation of normal anal cushions characterizes hemorrhoids. One of the most significant discoveries regarding hemorrhoids is the atypical enlargement and distortion of blood vessels, along with damage and modifications to the anal cavity’s supporting connective tissue. Hemorrhoids are categorized into different classifications based on various factors, Golingher’s classification commonly used, which divides the hemorrhoidal condition into four grades according to prolapse and the development of hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are recognized as one of the leading causes of morbidity, affecting millions of populations worldwide and also increasing the economic burden on the healthcare system. Current treatment options for hemorrhoids often involve conservative approaches, including fiber supplements, anti-inflammatory medications, lifestyle changes, and venotonic medicines. Additionally, operative treatments like rubber band ligation, hemorrhoidectomy, and injection sclerotherapy are utilized. Various biomarkers are responsible for the occurrence of hemorrhoids, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and C-reactive protein (CRP). These biomarkers hold potential as targets for developing new anti-hemorrhoidal agents.
Experiencias para la restauración de la microcuenca del río Naolinco: Investigación e intervención
Authors: Álvarez Aquino Claudia , Paré Luisa , Houbron Eric Pascal , de la Cruz Canul Chan Michel , Rustrián Portilla Elena , Hernández Suárez Bertha María Rocío , Páez Rodríguez Margarito , Pozos Vázquez Antonio de Jesús , Barrera Bernal Clementina , Álvarez Aquino Claudia , Fontecilla Carbonell Ana Isabel , Mesa Ortiz Sandra Luz
Published: June 2024

El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar la contaminación del río Naolinco y otras afluentes de agua, debido al derrame de los lactosueros derivados de la producción de queso, específicamente en el municipio de Miahuatlán. Esta situación, aunada a la considerable deforestación por el desarrollo de la ganadería han provocado una marcada disminución del aforo de agua en manantiales cercanos, lo cual pone en riesgo el suministro del vital líquido para el consumo humano y nos coloca en un escenario peligroso. Debido a la introducción del drenaje de agua en estos lugares, el lactosuero se filtra en las aguas residuales desembocando en ríos y otras afluentes. Las plantas de tratamiento para abordar el problema son escasas o nulas, problemática que ha originado controversias entre los municipios afectados sin poder llegar a un acuerdo para defender el bien común, más allá de los límites municipales y de sus políticas. Sin embargo, continúa la esperanza y la lucha para lograr ríos libres y ríos limpios, porque es nuestro derecho y nuestra responsabilidad, aunque también es una encomienda del Estado determinada por la Constitución Política.
Major life expectancy risks in the military liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986
Authors: Legeza V. I. , Grigoriev S. G. , Zagorodnikov G. G. , Reznik V. M. , Aksenova N. V.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. The current realities (including the special military operation in Ukraine) are impregnated with a sharp increase in nuclear terrorism threats. In this regard, elimination of medical consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant (Chernobyl NPP) disaster – the largest man-made radiation disaster in human history – is valuable experience that merits thorough analysis.The objective is to analyze risk factor impact on the life expectancy of liquidators engaged in eliminating the Chernobyl disaster consequences.Methods. The study analyzed initial accounts and reports of the Army Medical Register of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, containing information on 158 liquidators of the Chernobyl NPP disaster in 1986. The study focused on liquidator life expectancy in correlation with the absorbed external γ and β radiation dose, age at disaster site deployment, length of stay, the phase of accident, and professional activity.Results and analysis. The liquidators did not show a robust correlation between the absorbed external γ and β radiation dose and life expectancy. The key factors affecting the life expectancy of Chernobyl disaster liquidators were age at the time of deployment (under 40 years), length of stay at the NPP (over 50 days), including during the acute phase, work involving high risks. The absorbed dose of external γ- and β- radiation did not contribute significantly to shorter life expectancy risks among Chernobyl liquidators.Conclusion. The study results allow to conclude that the length of stay in the hazardous radioactive zone and the age of liq uidators at the time of deployment are the likely high-risk factors, affecting life expectancy of Chernobyl liquidators. Meanwhile, none of the studied predictor factors showed any significant impact on the 25-year survival of Chernobyl liquidators.
Somatometric parameters in firefighters of the Federal Fire Fighting Service of the EMERCOM of Russia
Authors: Sannikov M. V. , Kalyuzhnaya A. P. , Makarova N. V.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. Professional firefighters are subjected to high levels of chronic stress due to extreme professional activities. Chronic stress is a psychogenic factor, conducive of obesity, the latter being a predictor of cardiovascular and other diseases. To identify those at a higher risk, the body fat percentage was estimated in the Russian EMERCOM Federal Fire Fighting Service firefighters.The objective is to estimate the body fat percentage in firefighters of the Russian EMERCOM using anthropometric and circumference calculations with further comparative analysis.Methods. Body mass index (BMI) based anthropometric and circumference calculations, including waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and body type, allowed assess the body fat percentage (BFP) in 98 EMERCOM firefighters working in three fire and rescue units in St. Petersburg. In addition, a retrospective study was performed to analyze 1497 medical examination records of the EMERCOM firefighters involved in fire extinguishing operations in 2019-2023. BFP was relied on circumference calculation used in the U.S. Armed Forces, the U.S. Navy, and the Young Men’s Christian Organization. The somatometric parameters were analyzed using Statistica 13.3 software and statistical methods – dispersion, correlation, stepwise regression, and conjugation table, with the significance level p < 0.05.Results and analysis. The study found that BMI only as a tool to assess the body fat percentage in firefighters is insufficient and does not allow to obtain a reliable result. The reason is that BMI is a highly reliable indicator of excessive body fat only in obese population, whereas in normal-weight or overweight subjects the BMI data is often misleading. In this respect, BFPbased circumference calculation appears to be the most reliable tool to assess body fat content. The study also includes an extensive comparative analysis of the obtained results, suggesting a diagnostic strategy to identify obesity-prone firefighters among the Russian EMERCOM firefighter corps at regular medical examinations. In addition, the suggested new BMI formulas involve simpler arithmetic calculations.Conclusion. The study results, show that excessive body weight is hardly a rare event among professional firefighters of the EMERCOM of Russia. Further studies regarding its correlation with chronic non-infectious diseases are required to develop new healthcare solutions and obesity prevention programs.
Health-related quality of life among Russians called up for military training
Authors: Dybin A. S.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. Maintaining healthy mobilization reserves of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is critical for the country’s defense capacities. Over the past decade, open-access studies on the health status and health-related quality of life among Russians called up for military training have been extremely scarce.The objective is to assess health-related quality of life among Russians called up for military training.Methods. An observational non-experimental analytical cross-field single-stage sample study was performed to assess health-related quality of life among Russian citizens called up for military training. The sample size included 88 observation units. The study relied on the short version of the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) as a principle research tool. In addition to absolute values, each domain scores were reported as % of the maximum possible score. In addition to the WHOQOL-BREF, the research utilized a standard questionnaire for chronic non-communicable diseases, associated risk factors, drug and psychotropic substance consumption without indication among the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The data were presented as categorical and quantitative variables. Statistical analysis included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion to ensure normal distribution of data and nonparametric statistics. The difference was significant when the Type I error probability was less than 5 % (p < 0.05).Results and discussion. The quality of life study among Russians called up for military training in 2023 showed fairly high results (79.7 % of maximum possible value). Social well-being was the most vulnerable domain (73.9 %), with most critical problems to include monetary allowance (65.4 %), availability of recreation and entertainment facilities (68.2 %), and quality of medical care (70 %). Statics showed that quality of life scores were significantly dependent on the level of respondents’ income, presence of gastrointestinal diseases, and alcohol abuse.Conclusions. The short version of the WHO quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) is an excellent and time-sparing screening tool allowing to reveal most critical health-related challenges affecting quality of life among Russian citizens called up for military training. By identifying subjects in need of extensive examination according to the guidance documents on medical care in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the study results allow to improve early disease detection and preserve the health of country’s mobilization reserve.
Three Conceptual Approaches to Sustainability from Aesthetics’ Perspective
Authors: Korpelainen Noora-Helena
Published: June 2024

This contribution considers ways to discuss sustainability in relation to aesthetic value. Three possible conceptual approaches are briefly presented – aesthetic sustainability, the aesthetics of sustainability, and sustainable aesthetics. I propose that the comparative discussion about the approaches could support dealing with aesthetic values in sustainability deliberation through developing aesthetic competence. Such practice could, in turn, support evaluative, descriptive, and speculative engagement with diverse sustainability agendas. Yet, the fruitfulness of the proposed conceptual approaches remains arguable in terms of sustainability transitions.
Place and Image. The Role of Representation in the Aesthetic Experience of Places
Authors: Furia Paolo
Published: June 2024

In my paper, I will discuss the role of the image in the determination of people’s approaches and attitudes towards places. After a short introduction (§1), in the first part of the essay I will discuss the main points of criticism against the image in relation to the issue of environmental appreciation. In doing so, I will relate Allen Carlson’s criticism towards the so-called ‘landscape cult’ in environmental aesthetics (§2) to the post-structuralist critique of the concept of landscape that has been carried out in the field of human geography (§3). In the fourth section, I will emphasize the structuring and performative character of representations, and will show how, in the present, the image remains one of the fundamental ways of regulating relations between subjects of experience and places (§4). The task of a theory of place-image, informed by knowledge acquired in the fields of visual and media studies, is to learn to read images as tools for understanding and defining the environment around us.
ANALISIS KESTABILAN MODEL MATEMATIKA AKSI DEMONSTRASI MAHASISWA DI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Putri Yolanda , RINCE PUTRI ARRIVAL , LESTARI RIRI
Published: June 2024

Aksi demonstrasi atau unjuk rasa merupakan salah satu fenomena di dunia nyata yang sering terjadi dan melibatkan berbagai kalangan, baik mahasiswa, buruh, maupun anggota suatu organisasi. Khususnya di Sumatera Barat, pada tanggal 23 dan 25 September 2019 telah terjadi demonstrasi polemik RUU di gedung DPRD Sumatera Barat yang melibatkan ribuan mahasiswa, aparat kepolisian, dan anggota DPRD Tingkat I.Pada penelitian ini dibahas model matematika aksi demonstrasi mahasiswa. Model ini merujuk pada model Richardson. Model dianalisis kestabilannya melalui analisis kestabilan titik ekuilibrium. Kestabilan titik ekuilibrium ditentukan dari nilai eigen matriks koefisien yang diperoleh. Hasil analitik dikonfirmasi dengan hasil numerik. Parameter model yang digunakan pada simulasi numerik diperoleh dari data yang diolah berdasarkan kuisioner yang diambil dari responden. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa aksi demonstrasi yang terjadi berlangsung anarkis. Hal ini sesuai dengan kenyataan yang terjadi di lapangan bahwa aksi demonstrasi yang terjadi pada kasus demonstrasi polemik RUU di gedung DPRD Sumatera Barat tanggal 25 September 2019 merupakan demonstrasi anarkis.Â
Bilangan Kromatik Lokasi Graf Helm Hm Dengan 3 â‰¤ m â‰¤ 9
Authors: Lessya Kelson Novrianus , Welyyanti Des , Yulianti Lyra
Published: June 2024

Misalkan G = (V, E) adalah graf terhubung dan c suatu kâˆ’pewarnaan dari G. Kelas warna pada G adalah himpunan titik-titik yang berwarna i, dinotasikan dengan Si untuk 1 â‰¤ i â‰¤ k. Misalkan Î  = {S1, S2. Â· Â· Â· , Sk} merupakan partisi terurut dari V (G) kedalam kelas-kelas warna yang saling bebas. Berdasarkan pewarnaan titik, maka representasi titik v terhadap Î  disebut kode warna dari v, dinotasikan dengan cÎ (v) dari suatu titik v âˆˆ V (G) didefinisikan sebagai kâˆ’pasang terurut, yaitu: cÎ (v) = (d(v, S1), d(v, S2), Â· Â· Â· , d(v, Sk)) dengan d(v, Si) = min{d(v, x)|x âˆˆ Si} untuk 1 â‰¤ i â‰¤ k. Jika setiap titik pada G memiliki kode warna yang berbeda terhadap Î , maka c disebut pewarnaan lokasi. Banyaknya warna minimum yang digunakan disebut bilangan kromatik lokasi, dinotasikan dengan Ï‡L(G). Pada tulisan ini akan dibahas bilangan kromatik lokasi graf helm Hm dengan 3 â‰¤ m â‰¤ 9.
Comparison Between SARIMA Model and Artificial Neural Network On Forecasting Foreign Tourist in Batam City
Authors: Rasyid Fadila , DEVIANTO DODI , RAHMI HG IZZATI
Published: June 2024

Batam City is one of the tourist attractions in Indonesia with the number of foreign tourist arrivals increasing every year. As one of the impacts of increasing the number of foreign tourist visits, the provincial government must improve the existing facilities in the tourism area, both in quality and quantity. In order for these facilities to be adequate to serve foreign tourists visiting Batam City in the future, it is estimated that the number of tourist visits to Batam City in the future is expected. This study aims to model foreign tourist arrivals using the SARIMA method and Neural Networks and compare the accuracy of the two methods with Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The best SARIMA model for data on the number of foreign tourist arrivals to Batam City is SARIMA (2, 1, 0)(1, 1, 0)12 with MSE = 2,672,774,359 and MAPE = 21,4487%. The Neural Network Model is Ë†y = max(0, 0.03208266 + 0.48310924V1 +...+ 0.46732363V8) with MSE = 171.279.990 and MAPE = 7.1404%. Thus, modeling with Artificial Neural Networks in these cases provides a better model than SARIMA in modeling data on the number of tourist visits to Batam City.
DUAL KOTHE-TOEPLITZ UNTUK RUANG BARISAN VEKTOR
Authors: Ahmad Mizan
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we discuss about some classes of vector sequence spaceson w(R^n). We observe their completeness and the relationships between them. At the end of this paper, we construct the Kothe-Toeplitz dual of some vector sequence spaces.
MODEL CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM) DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL SAHAM JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII)
Authors: NASTHASYA NOVALISA , Yozza Hazmira , DEVIANTO DODI
Published: June 2024

Dalam berinvestasi saham, setiap investor ingin mendapatkan return yang tinggi dan risiko yang rendah. Salah satu cara untuk meminimalisir risiko adalah dengan membentuk portofolio optimal yang menguntungkan dari segi return dan risiko. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) dalam membentuk portofolio optimal. Data yang digunakan adalah data saham dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode Desember 2020-November 2021. Pemodelan menghasilkan 5 saham penyusun komposisi portofolio optimal. Return eskpektasi portofolio sebesar 0,015282 dan risiko portofolio sebesar 0,069750. Evaluasi kinerja portofolio optimal yang terbentuk diukur berdasarkan ukuran rasio Sharpe, Modigliani Square dan Treynor. Dari hasil penelitian didapat bahwa portofolio optimal yang dibentuk dengan Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) layak untuk diinvestasikan.
PEMBANGKITAN POLA SIMETRI P3 DARI SIMULASI SISTEM DINAMIK
Authors: Hamdi Syukri , Syafwan Mahdhivan , Narwen Narwen
Published: June 2024

Pola simetri p3 memiliki simetri translasi pada sumbu-x danÂ sumbu-y, serta simetri rotasi sebesar 120. Dalam makalah ini akan dibahasÂ pembangkitan pola simetri p3 menggunakan aplikasi MatLab melalui simulasi sistemÂ dinamik. Pertama-tama, dilakukan analisis untuk menentukan fungsi dinamik yangÂ memenuhi sifat-sifat pola simetri p3. Kemudian, pada proses pembangkitannya diÂ MatLab, setiap titik pada bidang digunakan sebagai titik awal iterasi sistem dinamik, danÂ warna pada titik tersebut ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah iterasi yang dihasilkan melaluiÂ tiga kriteria konvergensi, yaitu Tes Euclidean, Tes Jarak Fraksional, dan Tes JarakÂ Maksimum. Dengan mensimulasikan beberapa kombinasi nilai-nilai parameter padaÂ fungsi-fungsi dinamik dan menggunakan ketiga kriteria konvergensi, diperoleh berbagaiÂ pola simetri p3 yang lebih bervariasi.
“A flor áspera destes dias”: a visualidade na escrita poética de Neide Archanjo
Authors: De Santana Oliveira Gabriela , De Moraes Rego Pedrosa Célia
Published: June 2024

Propõe-se investigar a articulação entre a visualidade e a linguagem poética de Neide Archanjo, autora de O poeta itinerante (1968), poema que compõe o corpus desse estudo. Dividido em cinco cantos, o texto apresenta forte carga imagética, o que se acentua no último canto – “Épuras” – objeto de análise mais detida, cuja leitura será orientada pela écfrase, procedimento retórico advindo da Antiguidade. Examina-se os usos e desvios desse exercício ecfrástico em relação ao modelo clássico e procura-se demonstrar como a autora transporta o leitor ao campo do inabitual, promovendo uma quebra de expectativas que suscita um pensamento por meio das imagens.
A mulher indomesticável em Um útero é do tamanho de um punho, de Angélica Freitas
Authors: Soares Azevedo de Andrade Maria Regina , de Mello Lopes Lucas José , Tessaro Pelinser André
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho analisa poemas da obra Um útero é do tamanho de um punho, de Angélica Freitas, buscando averiguar como a poeta tematiza a mulher indomesticável, aquela que não corresponde às convenções patriarcais. Com fundamento na crítica feminista, nos estudos de gênero e na fortuna crítica da obra de Freitas, conclui-se que a obra se vale, dentre outras estratégias, da ironia e do diálogo com a tradição para tensionar o discurso patriarcal. Com isso, a poeta cria um contradiscurso, em que a linguagem poética se torna lugar de questionamento de estereótipos e redefinição das identidades femininas.
Así de (que) como introductor de estilo directo en el español de México. Un estudio a partir del análisis de corpus

Authors: Guillén Escamilla Josaphat Enrique
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos principales: (i) describir las funciones de así de (que) como introductor de discurso en estilo directo en el español de México y (ii) analizar la influencia de los factores sociales: área geográfica, sexo, edad y nivel de instrucción en su uso. Para tales fines, se consultaron tres corpus, uno de Ciudad de México (Martín Butragueño y Lastra 2011-2015) y dos panhispánicos (preseea 2014-; Ameresco, Albelda y Estellés 2022). Los resultados sugieren que así de (que) es una marca de paso al estilo directo que sirve para mostrar, de manera teatralizada, las circunstancias originales de la narración y que, además, ha ido ganando presencia en los años recientes. En cuanto a los rasgos sociales, se encontró que las mujeres, los jóvenes y el nivel de instrucción medio promueven su uso, mientras que el nivel de instrucción bajo y los mayores lo evitan. Finalmente, su empleo fuera de México es bastante periférico, de modo que puede considerarse como una marca particular de esta variante del español.
Argumentatividad en hablantes de una misma lengua que proceden de distintas comunidades culturales

Authors: Santibáñez Cristián , Gascón José A.
Published: June 2024

La pregunta de este trabajo es: ¿hay una variación en la capacidad de argumentar en función de la procedencia geográfica? Para responderla, se analiza la argumentatividad de hablantes de una misma lengua. Por argumentatividad entendemos aquí la disposición a dar razones. Esta disposición será analizada en dos comunidades de inmigrantes (peruanos y venezolanos) en el Chile contemporáneo, que residen en las dos regiones principales del país. Hemos utilizado hablantes chilenos como grupo de control. El objetivo principal del trabajo fue determinar descriptivamente si acaso hay diferencias en argumentatividad entre estas tres comunidades de hablantes. Se utilizaron las respuestas orales a una entrevista estructurada. Entre los hallazgos principales destaca que: 1) los hablantes inmigrantes procedentes de Perú articulan mejor sus puntos de vista, vale decir, son capaces de generar una aserción que representa sus creencias apoyadas con razones, 2) el nivel educacional es una variable determinante, y 3) la variable género, independiente de nacionalidad, no genera ninguna diferencia relevante.
La construcción casi (que) y el significado aproximativo en la oralidad: respuestas de la sintaxis discursiva a viejos problemas formales

Authors: Pardo Llibrer Adrià
Published: June 2024

In this essay, I analyze the uses of the Spanish approximative construction casi (que) in spoken conversation. Traditionally, the so-called research on approximative constructions has focused on the semantic description of two main meaning components (§ 1): a proximal component, denoting proximity to the predicate approximative constructions have scope over, and a polar component, implying negation (§ 1.1). However, formal literature has not explained why Spanish casi (que) does not imply negation (§ 1.2). My approach attempts to describe such nonpropositional cases (§ 2), applying the Val.Es.Co. model for discourse segmentation (§ 2.1) to identify the pragmatic functions of casi (que). I assume these functions belong to the oral domain (§ 3), carrying out a corpus study (§ 3.1) about casi (que) in Spanish-spoken conversation (§ 3.2). Finally, I provide a systematization of the functions of casi (que) according to its position in speech (§ 4). Some final remarks close this work (§ 5).
Desmistificando a esquizofrenia
Authors: Araripe Neto Ary Gadelha de Alencar , Gomes Fabio
Published: June 2024

A esquizofrenia é uma doença mental que segundo dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS, é a terceira causa de perda da qualidade de vida entre os 15 e 44 anos. Segundo estimativas ela atinge cerca de 1,6 milhões de brasileiros. Entre os seus principais sintomas estão delírios, alucinações, alterações de pensamento, alterações de afetividade, indiferença, dificuldade de concentração. A causa do desenvolvimento da esquizofrenia ainda é desconhecida, mas a combinação de alguns fatores genéticos, cerebrais e do ambiente podem desencadear a doença. O tratamento da esquizofrenia tem como objetivo o controle dos sintomas e a retomada da rotina, trabalho e relacionamento com amigos e familiares.
Atualização no tratamento da esquizofrenia
Authors: Loch Alexandre Andrade , Ortiz Bruno Bertolucci , Fonseca Laís Moreira
Published: June 2024

A esquizofrenia é uma doença que atinge cerca de 1% da população mundial e o seu tratamento. Entre os seus principais sintomas estão delírios, alucinações, alterações de pensamento, alterações de afetividade, indiferença, dificuldade de concentração. A causa do desenvolvimento da esquizofrenia ainda é desconhecida, mas a combinação de alguns fatores genéticos, cerebrais e do ambiente podem desencadear a doença. O transtorno é desafiador para a psiquiatria e por este motivo as pesquisas nacionais e internacionais neste tema permanecem a todo vapor.
Bullying: o perigo disfarçado de brincadeira
Authors: Reichert César Luís , Azevêdo Paulo Verlaine Borges e
Published: June 2024

O bullying é um grande risco para a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes e tem preocupado responsáveis e professores em todo o território nacional. Ele é prejudicial para quem pratica e mais ainda para quem sofre. ​​ Bullying é um termo que faz referência a um conjunto de comportamentos agressivos, intencionais e repetitivos, expressados por um ou vários indivíduos contra outros. De acordo com a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) feita pelo IBGE, 23% dos estudantes afirmaram ter sido vítimas de bullying, entre os principais motivos estão a aparência do corpo, do rosto, cor ou raça. Para falar sobre este assunto tão alarmante, o ABP TV desta terça-feira, dia 07 de maio, recebe os psiquiatras Cesar Luis Reichert e Paulo Verlaine para falar sobre o assunto.
الجماعات الارهابية عابرة الحدود وتأثيرها على الأمن الوطني في العراق
Authors: خضر مرتضى أحمد , مطر عمر ظاهر
Published: June 2024

يرتكز الأمن الوطني لأية دولة على مجموعة من العناصر المتوفرة والمتاحة والموظفة توظيفاً أمثل سواء أكانت سياسية أو تقنية، اقتصادية أم عسكرية، وهي بمجموعها تمثل عناصر تكمل بعضها البعض من أجل ضمان الأمن الوطني للدولة، والارتقاء بأداء هذه القدرات يمثل السبيل الأهم والكفيل لبناء وتدعيم الأمن الوطني لدولة ما، في ضوء تغير البيئة الاستراتيجية المحلية والإقليمية والدولية، وتنامي آفاق العولمة وتآكل السيادة الوطنية للدول مع تطور ثورة المعلومات ووسائل الاتصال، وتلاشي الحدود بين الدول والتواصل اللامتناهي في عصر الفضاءات المفتوحة، وتنامي ظاهرة الإرهاب العابر للحدود وما ينتج عنها من تداعيات تمثل أوضحها بتصاعد الصراعات والنزاعات بمستوياتها المحلية والإقليمية والدولية، وتداعياتها الإيديولوجية والسياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية والعسكرية والأثنية والوطنية والعرقية، جعلت المجتمعات تعيش حالة من الفوضى، مع التطور السريع في كل الاتجاهات والمستويات، الأمر الذي رتب تبلور العديد من التحديات والتهديدات غير التقليدية التي فرضت على صانعي القرار صياغة استراتيجية تضمن وسائل غير تقليدية من أجل ضمان الأمن الوطني.
Blasted: Staging War’s Brutality and the Tropes of Dehumanization
Authors: Rasheed Rasheed Hamid , Mohammed Awfa Hussein
Published: June 2024

The issue of distinguishing between authentic and simulated distress in theatrical performances has garnered attention from various practitioners in the twentieth century. One prominent figure in this discourse is Antonin Artaud, who advocated for a novel form of theatre, namely Theater of Cruelty, that would stimulate and challenge spectators to          re-evaluate the events unfolding before them on the stage. In parallel to this context, Sarah Kane’s career in theatre has defined itself by such Artaudian novelty. Sara Kane’s Blasted fosters the brutality of war through the symbolic representation of violence, sexual abuse and cannibalism. This research argues that Kane’s Blasted is an imitation of life—a matter that makes reality a more conscious reproduction enhancing the cathartic shock of the spectator.
Chronotope in Children's literature
Authors: Mahmood Rasheed Hameed , Al dory Awfa Hussein
Published: June 2024

In the analysis of literary texts, it is crucial to have in mind the concept of chronotope. Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent Russian literary theorist, employs the term to analyze the arrangement of temporal and spatial elements within literary texts. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of Bakhtin's theoretical concept known as "the chronotope" and its impact on literary texts. Furthermore, its impact on children's literature should also be considered. This study aims to address the following inquiries. 1.The concept of chronotope refers to the literary and linguistic notion that combines the temporal and spatial dimensions within a narrative or discourse.  2. The Significance of the Chronotope.  3. In what manner might the concept of chronotope be employed in the analysis and interpretation of a textual work? The present study is structured into three distinct components. The initial segment pertains to the Bakhtinian concept of chronotope, which encompasses an examination of chronotope itself, its elucidation, and its manifestation as expounded by Bakhtin. Section two provides an elucidation of children's literature and its interconnection with the concept of chronotope. Section three of this study investigates the representation of chronotope in children's literature.
Identifying Linguistic and Self-Efficacy Problems of Iraqi EFL Learners in Writing Graduation Papers
Authors: Khudhair Iman Ibrahim
Published: June 2024

This study aims to: first investigate and identify issues in the senior EFL learners’ linguistic and self-assessed ability to master different aspects of writing a graduation paper, second compare the writing performance of the learners from three departments, and third explore the association between students’ self-efficacy beliefs and their writing achievement. Data were collected via Situated Academic Writing Self-Efficacy Scale (SAWSE) to see if our students are confident and to identify the most engaged writers, from departments of English in three different colleges in University of Mosul. A detailed linguistic analysis of a sample of written graduation papers by senior students was also conducted to unveil the issues in those students’ academic writing. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference in the writing performance among learners from the three colleges. The findings of the Spearman Correlation test indicated a small but not significant relationship between learners’ self-efficacy beliefs and their writing performance, while the linguistic analysis conducted on a sample of written papers produced by the learners showed that although each cohort has certain committed linguistic mistakes, most of them were weak in text organization, syntax, and using appropriate academic vocabulary.
Social Media and Learning: Instagram Effectiveness Study in English Learning
Authors: Jassim Lina Lafta
Published: June 2024

One of the basic courses that must be studied by students is English. English for Specific Purposes is a set of  English language skills specific to a specific purpose. Writing skills are one of the skills that have less than the maximum achievement seen from the value of the result of Iraqi student learning in informatics engineering at the university of Baghdad. In this study, the researchers used Instagram, as a medium for learning ,to show how it motivates students to learn English. The technique of data collection used was the result of both pre-test and post-test writing, as well as observation, and documentation. To show  the effectiveness of Instagram as a learning tool, the  researchers assessed the results of questionnaires from students. A sample of this study consisted of 30 students majoring in informatics engineering at the university of Baghdad. The stages of the data collection process of this study include; (1) observation of the subject of this study, (2) socialization stage with students about how to learn how to use social media, in particular Instagram; and (3), the implementation of this research: at this stage, the students received material and also looked for other supporting materials, as well as discussed and received suggestions and input from lecturers and friends. (4) The last is the stage of implementing the use of Instagram as a means of discussion as well as for posting the results of student work.
Normalizations of Cosmetic Surgeries: A Study of Body Alteration in Ellen Hopkin's Perfect Novel
Authors: Rasheed Lamiaa Ahmed , Hasan Nidaa Abduljabbar
Published: June 2024

Over the last decades, cosmetic surgeries have grown in popularity. The majority of consumers in this lucrative industry are women. Normalizing cosmetic surgery and body alteration could lead to the homogenization of beauty and create a culture of people who look increasingly similar. Members of a society are particularly focusing on physical beauty and classifying people based on their physical features.The purpose of this research is to explore the reason behind normalizing cosmetic surgery and its psychological dimension and effects, and the concept of body image offered in Scott Westerfeld’s Uglies. The study investigates women's reactions to direct or indirect pressure of society on them to have cosmetic surgery and the ideology of the ideal beauty constructed by their culture. The concept of perfect beauty becomes interesting in this story because it can only be achieved by cosmetic surgery. Consequently, it will be appropriate to apply body image theory in studying this novel. It was found that society, media, family, school , and peers have an important role in creating the individual’s body image and ways of thinking; the society’s power to influence people makes it become the authorities that decide the “beautiful” and “ugly”.The hypothesis proposes that there is a link between body image and cosmetic surgery, people who have a poor body image are more likely want to  undergo cosmetic surgery than those who have a positive body image. The findings imply that an individual’s body image is shaped by their cultural and social environments in order not to revolt against the government and the prevailing system by altering individuals' brain lesions during cosmetic surgery.
Analyzing of Speech Acts of Al Jazeera and Euronews Headlines Regarding the Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Hameed Almarsomi Mothana Najeeb
Published: June 2024

Recently, there's been a rise in media attention. As a consequence, various patterns may be discovered from both an academic and an industry aspect. News networks, for instance, play a significant role in informing people all over the world about political conditions, military occurrences, and other topics. The language used during news stories, including headlines, has a significant impact on the communicative aim of such matters. This language is distinguished by a variety of linguistic characteristics. One of such characteristics is pragmatic. Sometimes this problem has received inadequate attention in studies. To be more specific, the use of speech acts as a central component of pragmatics hasn't been adequately addressed in scientific research in this field. As a result, the current study attempts to fill this gap by investigating the types of speech acts employed in the headlines of Al Jazeera and Euronews websites describing the Russia-Ukraine War. Forty-seven headlines have been selected from these news websites - 22 from Aljazeera English and 25 from Euronews. For this goal, the data analysis has utilized Bach and Harnish's (1979) the taxonomy of Speech Acts. This study purports that headlines can be loaded with the encoded pragmatic meanings which makes it worth conducting to reveal those kinds of meanings. The selected period is between 1 to 31 May 2022. In accordance with the data, directives and constatives happened more often than commissives. There is no use for other categories like verdictives, effectives, or acknowledgments. In line with the study, headline writers for the websites Al Jazeera and Euronews stress on the Russia-Ukraine War as preoccupying and impacting the whole world, and they utilize certain speech acts "directives and constatives" more commonly than others. In accordance to the results, making use of certain speech acts when producing headlines is an effective technique to encourage readers to swiftly comprehend what is being conveyed.
Poetic Authority in the Poetry of Carol Ann Duffy
Authors: Al-wattar Shaymaa Zuhair
Published: June 2024

For centuries, women poets had to suffer due to the inherited Western literary tradition which offers creative women no defined place, or even no place at all. The literary canon is male-dominated and hence women poets had to find a way to challenge this tradition and to create their own distinctive place. Hence Writing is the most powerful way to challenge male domination and create a place in the literary tradition.
                Being a woman and a poet, Carol Ann Duffy faced the same challenges when she starts to write and, more importantly, to acquire the poetic authority long taken from or renounced by her male counterparts, and to make this possible, she uses her persona. Her writing is deemed to be a rebellion against patriarchal authority, as well as the prescribed gender roles of women, their misrepresentation of art and literature as a passive object.
The research will shed light on the poetic voice of Duffy in her poetry, which emanates through the use of various vivid and colourful female personas as the poet’s own voice. The poet claims the authority to present herself as a poet as well as a persona, to challenge the patriarchal authority and male-dominated literary tradition.
The Significance of the Abstract in Academic Research
Authors: Jameel Ali Sabah
Published: June 2024

An abstract is a concise summary of the entire article, providing a brief overview of the background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusions. It serves as a snapshot of the study, enabling readers, editors, and journals' chief editors to quickly assess its relevance and decide whether to read the full article. The fact that most of the universities' professors suffer from this is that most of the scientific journals indexed in Scopus refuse their works to be published. This is due to missing data which are criteria of the APA style (7th edition). This study aims to investigate the university professors' awareness of the abstract content, the most abstracts missing elements in Iraqi works, and the correlation between master thesis abstracts' content and university professors' awareness of the abstract content. To achieve the aims of the study, the following questions were set:
1-          To what extent do the university professors aware of the abstract elements?
2-          What are the most missing data in the abstract of the master's thesis?
3-             Is there a correlation between master thesis abstracts' content and university professors' awareness of the abstract content? The outcomes of the study are significant for the Iraqi university instructors, postgraduate students, scholars, and researchers to write a comprehensive, well-organized, and cohesive abstract that acts as a mirror of the scientific work. The study is qualitative and quantitative in nature, to collect the qualitative data a sample consisting of 6 university professors who volunteered to participate in the study was interviewed by conducting a semi-structured interview. In addition, to collect the quantitative data a sample consisting of 15 master theses were chosen randomly from 5 universities. Frequencies, percentages, and Pearson's correlation matrix were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the university professors' replies agreed on the most common items that an abstract should contain, which were the introduction, the aims, the purpose, the instrument, and the results. The university professors did not mention that an abstract should contain a problem of a study, the methodology, and the conclusion. All the participants are unaware of the criteria that an abstract should include. In addition, most of the master theses' abstracts miss the methodology, the problem/ gap, and the conclusion. Finally, the results revealed that there is a positive correlation between the master thesis abstracts' content and university professors' awareness of the abstract content. The university professors' awareness is due to the overlap between the functions of the abstract content. Also, the master theses' missing data are due to the student's imitation of previous theses and the supervisor's awareness of the criteria of the APA style 7th edition. In light of the results, some recommendations were suggested.
Models of individual academic work in the context of the life priorities of a modern student
Authors: Boldysheva Natal'ya Olegovna , Malshakov Artem Andreevich , Kurilo Mikhail Alekseevich
Published: June 2024

Individual study is the cornerstone of the modern education system, which is connected, among other things, with the need for lifelong learning. At the same time, a modern student combines educational activities not only with leisure, but also with work and professional development, which explains the research interest in the problem of students choosing a model of independent academic work. Based on the results of existing domestic and foreign studies of students' individual academic work, the authors conducted their own sociological research, the empirical object of which was students of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. The subject of the sociological research is the individual educational work of students of higher educational institutions. The purpose of the study is to identify models of student's independent academic work. The sociological research consisted of two stages: qualitative and quantitative. During the qualitative stage of the study, 10 in-depth interviews were conducted. During the quantitative stage of the study, a questionnaire survey was conducted (n = 100). The inability to analyze the choice of a model of independent academic work without taking into account the lifestyle and life priorities of the student determined the novelty of this study, in which independent academic work is considered as part of the life of a modern student. The description of models of independent/individual academic work of students is made in the study: students motivation in their individual studies and students motivation by non-academic activities. The criteria for highlighting the models are the ability to organize independent educational work and the level of educational motivation, which were analyzed based on the respondents' answers about their academic performance, self-organization of studies and the desire to change the current approach to educational activities. Authors affirm that the priorities and strategic goals of a student determine the choice of a particular model of independent academic work. Students vary the amount of time for independent work depending on how they currently set their life priorities. Understanding the behavioral models of students makes it possible to increase the efficiency a of the educational process, which explains the practical significance of this study, the results of which can be used as an information base, both for further research and for the effective organization of independent work of students.
The role of black color in the history of Russian, French and Chinese mythology and folklore
Authors: Zheng Wenxuan
Published: June 2024

The subject of the article is the symbolic meaning of black color in the culture and folklore of various civilizations, especially in the Russian, French and Chinese traditions. The research aims to identify the evolution of the perception of black color over time and its role in religious, mythological and socio-cultural contexts. The author examines the transformations of the symbolism of the black color, its connection with myths, rituals and ideas about the world in various cultures, as well as its significance as a reflection of social and cultural norms and values. The research is aimed at identifying common and unique features in the perception of black color, its role in religious and ritual practices. The methodology is based on the collection and analysis of cultural texts on the symbolism of the black color in Slavic and Chinese cultures. Comparative analysis and contextual research methods are used to identify the role and significance of black color in culture and society. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the symbolism of black color in Russian, French and Chinese cultures through the prism of mythology and folklore. In Russian mythology and folklore, black color is associated with dark forces, death and the afterlife. It is dangerous, but it also has protective properties. In French mythology and folklore, black color is often associated with mystery, magic and riddles. It may symbolize death, but it also carries elegance and style. In Chinese mythology and folklore, black color is usually associated with death and ancestor worship. It can also symbolize power and authority. These results not only expand our understanding of mythological representations, but also highlight the importance of cultural context in interpreting color symbols.
Computational creativity of neural network Midjourney in a polymodal space
Authors: Zhikulina Christina Petrovna , Kostromina Viktoriya Vladimirovna
Published: June 2024

This article deals with the polymodal space in the field of computational creativity in neural networks. The object of research is a polymodal environment that integrates a series of heterogeneous codes to express a common idea, and the subject is the possibility of creating polymodal digital art using text and voice prompts in the generative network Midjourney. The aim of the study is to prove that computational creativity can be detected and described based on the results of iterations in the process of creating images, which in turn will allow us to talk about a complex polymodal system as a separate digital category of polymodality. We used the continuous sampling method when collecting linguistic units as they occur in the analysis process; contextual analysis for the systematic identification and description of the verbal and non-verbal contexts. It was necessary to conduct an experiment with the generative network Midjourney to identify patterns in the creation of a graphic space through text and voice data input, and then compare and contrast the results of iterations with the original image. The scientific novelty consists in the lack of research on the polymodal space in the context of neural networks and their generative ability. During the experiment, we obtained the following results: the term ‘polymodality’ in the context of the generative network Midjourney and its ‘digital art’ is due to the presence of three channels: verbal, visual and voice; tests have shown that the ability of the neural network to create images through prompt is at a high level, however, there are rough technical errors that do not allow users to fully approach the desired result when they generate an image; the summarization of the data allows us to talk about the presence of features of computational creativity in generative networks.