bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of acute care clinical practice guidelines on length of stay: A closer look at some conflicting findings
Authors: Ellen Moriah , Baker G. Ross , Brown Adalsteinn
Published: February 2014

Systematic reviews have found that clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are associated with lower lengths of stay (LOS), but a secondary analysis of Ontario acute care hospitals found few significant relationships between CPGs and LOS. This research explored possible reasons for these findings and what other factors may impact the CPG-LOS relationship. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff from nine hospitals whose jobs dealt with developing, implementing, monitoring, updating, or evaluating CPGs. Interviews were analyzed utilizing methods outlined by Aurebach. A variety of leaders and hospital types were represented. Five main factors influencing relationships between CPGs and LOS were identified: 1) the purpose of implementation, 2) evidence base for CPG content and selection, 3) health care professionals’ response to change and compliance, 4) dissemination strategies, and 5) organizational support and resources. The interviews suggested possible reasons why CPGs are not realizing their full potential impact on LOS in Ontario hospitals, ranging from poor compliance to resistance from health care providers. CPGs themselves are not perceived to be the reason for ineffectiveness; rather, organizational- and individual-level barriers seem to be the causes.
Transurethral resection of a bladder leiomyoma: A case report
Authors: Goktug Goksel Hasan , Ozturk Ufuk , Sener Nevzat Can , Tuygun Can , Bakirtas Hasan , Imamoglu Abdurrahim Muhammet
Published: February 2014

Benign mesenchimal tumour of the human bladder is rare. Insulin potentiation therapy mimics malignant tumours both clinically and radiologically. We present a patient we treated with transurethral resection (TUR) only. A 27-year old male patient presented to our clinic with frequency, dysuria and recurrent urinary tract infections. Magnetic resonance (MRI) revealed an endovesical bladder mass of 7 × 8 cm. We performed TUR in the same session for both diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis was endovesical leiomyoma. Six months to a year after the operation, the MRI did not reveal disease recurrence. Even though TUR is recommended for smaller and endovesical tumours, we believe larger intravesical tumours may also be managed by TUR.
Testosterone deficiency syndrome and cardiovascular health: An assessment of beliefs, knowledge and practice of general practitioners and cardiologists in Victoria, BC
Authors: Wallis Christopher , Nelson Hilary L. , Pommerville P. J.
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) has been shown to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor and a predisposing factor for metabolic syndrome. As general practitioners and cardiologists primarily care for these patients, we sought to assess their knowledge, beliefs and practice patterns with respect to TDS and cardiac health.Methods: We distributed a questionnaire to all 20 cardiologists and a cohort of 128 family practitioners in Victoria, British Columbia. Of the 13 questions, 10 assessed knowledge and beliefs on TDS and 3 assessed current practice patterns.Results: Most respondents believed that TDS is a medical condition (66.7%) and could negatively affect body composition (62%), buta similar majority was unsure whether it was a cardiac risk factor (66.7%). While most believed that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) could improve exercise tolerance (62%), most were unsure if it was beneficial in cardiac patients. Cardiologists were significantly less likely to believe that TRT was beneficial in preventing recurrent myocardial infarction and improving myocardial perfusion (p = 0.0133, 0.00186, respectively). The vast majority (88%) did not screen cardiac patients for TDS. If a patient was identified as having TDS, only 10% of those surveyed would refer these patients to a urologist.Conclusion: Despite its prevalence in cardiac patients, TDS is not well-understood by general practitioners and cardiologists; they lack knowledge on its deleterious cardiovascular effects. In their role as men’s health advocates, urologists should educate our colleagues regarding the correlation between TDS and cardiovascular mortality and risk factors. Limitations of this study include small sample size and restricted geographic scope.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma arising from the kidney
Authors: Niwa Naoya , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Horinaga Minoru , Hongo Hiroshi , Ito Yujiro , Watanabe Takuro
Published: February 2014

Primary renal lymphoma is rare, and most are intermediate- and high-grade lymphomas of B-cell lineage, such as diffuse large B-cellor Burkitt lymphoma. We report a case of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arising from the kidney. Only a few cases of primary renal MALT lymphoma have been published.
Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Robinson Michael , Kelly John , Biberdorf Darren , McAuley Iain
Published: February 2014

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) is a rare, slow growing, malignant neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. Lesions are most commonly seen on the head and neck, and frequently mistaken for metastases from more common primary sites, such as the breast, gastrointestinal tract, lung, ovary, or prostate. We present what we believe is the first reported case of PCMC involving the penis.
Acute urinary retention in women due to urethral calculi: A rare case
Authors: Turo Rafal , Smolski Michal , Kujawa Magda , Brown Stephen CW , Brough Richard , Collins Gerald N
Published: February 2014

We present a case of a 51-year-old woman with acute urinary retention caused by a urethral calculus. Urethral calculi in women are extremely rare and are usually formed in association with underlying genitourinary pathology. In this case, however, no pathology was detected via thorough urological evaluation. We discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of urethral calculi. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of a primary urethral calculus in a female with an anatomically normal urinary tract and the first in a middle-aged Caucasian female.
Testis-sparing surgery in testicular mass: Testicular epidermoid cysts
Authors: Mahdavi-Zafarghandi Reza , Shakiba Behnam , Ameli Mojtaba
Published: February 2014

We present 3 patients with testicular epidermoid cysts who experienced testis-sparing surgery. These patients had a palpable painless testicular mass and underwent inguinal testicular exploration. Intraoperative frozen section revealed no evidence of malignancy and therefore enucleation of the tumour was performed. We demonstrate that careful intraoperative frozen-section examination helps to avoid unnecessary orchidectomy in testicular epidermoid cysts.
Oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy for tumours larger than 4 cm: A systematic review
Authors: El-Ghazaly Tarek H , Mason Ross J , Rendon Ricardo A
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Many medical associations recommend nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for tumours larger than 4 cm amenable to partial nephrectomy (PN). These recommendations are, however, mostly based on isolated reports. We systematically review the oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy procedures performed for tumours larger than 4-cm.Methods: A PubMed search was carried out using keywords “partial nephrectomy” and “nephron sparing” for records dating back to 1995. In total, 2136 abstracts were analyzed; from these, 174 studies were scrutinized. We identified 32 manuscripts reporting size-specific cancer-specific survival rates for masses greater than 4 cm. From each of these studies, we recorded the number of PN, tumour diameter, follow-up duration, 5- and 10-year recurrence, overall and cancer-specific survival rates (OS, CSS). We also calculated weighted OS and CSS rates.Results: This systematic review includes 2445 patients with renal tumours larger than 4 cm who underwent PN: 1858 patients with tumours between 4 to 7 cm, 410 patients with tumours larger than 7 cm and 177 patients with tumours greater than 4 cm (exact size unknown). Our analysis revealed weighted 5-year CSS rates of 95.4%, 86.2% and 93.9% for tumours 4 to 7 cm, >7 cm, and all tumours >4 cm, respectively. The respective 5-year OS rates were 84.7%, 76.4%, and 84.7%.Conclusions: We found excellent 5-year CSS and OS rates for patients with tumours 4 to 7 cm treated with PN. These outcomes compare favourably to those reported in historical radical nephrectomy (RN) series for similarly sized tumours. Thus, PN is an acceptable and often preferred treatment for renal masses >4 cm which are amenable to nephron-sparing procedures.
Comparison of 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 cores prostate biopsies in determination of prostate cancer and importance of prostate volume
Authors: Ceylan Cavit , Doluoglu Omer Gokhan , Aglamis Erdogan , Baytok Ozkan
Published: February 2014

Introduction: In this study, we evaluate the relationship between increasing core numbers and cancer detection rate.Methods: We included 1120 patients with prostate-specific antigen levels ≤20 ng/mL and/or suspicious digital rectal examination findings in this study. All patients had a first-time prostate biopsy and 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 core biopsies were taken and examined in different groups during the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was made to reach the factor affecting the cancer detection rate between the patients with and without cancer. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 1120 patients, 221 (19.7%) had prostate cancer. Again of the total 1120 patients, 8 core biopsies were taken from 229 (20.4%); 10 core biopsies from 473 (42.2%); 12 core biopsies from 100 (8.9%); 16 core biopsies from 140 (12.5%); and 20 core biopsies from 178 (15.9%) patients. The increase in the core number increased the cancer detection rate by 1.06 times (p = 0.008).Conclusions: As long as prostate volume increases, increasing the core number elevates the cancer detection rate. Thus, the rate of missed cancer will be reduced and the rates of unnecessary repetitive biopsy decreases.
Concordance between transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy results and radical prostatectomy final pathology: Are we getting better at predicting final pathology?
Authors: Walker Richard , Lindner Uri , Louis Alyssa , Kalnin Robin , Ennis Marguerite , Nesbitt Michael , Van Der Kwast Theodorus H , Finelli Antonio , Fleshner Neil E. , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Jewett Michael A.S. , Hamilton Rob , Kulkarni Girish , Trachtenberg John
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Inaccuracy in biopsy Gleason scoring poses a risk to men who may then receive inappropriate treatment. We assess whether there was a change in discordance rates between biopsyand radical prostatectomy at our institution in recent years, while considering the implementation of active surveillance and the shift in biopsy scores caused by the 2005 International Society of Urologic Pathology update to the Gleason scoring protocol.Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between May 2004 and April 2011. We analyzed clinical and pathological correlates of upgrading in 3 subgroups: Gleason sum (GS) 6/6, GS6/7 and GS7/7, where the sum preceding the dash was determined from biopsy and the subsequent sum was determined from the radical prostatectomy specimen. We applied the log-rank test and Cox model to a Kaplan Meier analysis of biochemical recurrence in the subgroups, and also mapped GS6/7 discordance over time.Results: In total, 1717 patients met our inclusion criteria. The 3 subgroups had significantly different mean prostate-specific antigen, patient age, tumour volume, margin status, pathologic stage, prostate weight, transrectal ultrasound volume and rate of progression (p < 0.05). We noted a multiphasic trend with a fall indiscordance after 2005. However, there was no sustained trend over the study period taken as a whole (p = 0.06).Conclusions: Although no sustained trend was observed, the falling discordance after 2005 may reflect the accommodation to the Gleason scoring update, while the gradual adoption of active surveillance may have led to the otherwise increasing trends. However, our observations may also be spurious biopsy sampling errors.
Thin-layer chromatographic study of the phenolics of the Pleurocladula species (Hepaticae)
Authors: Krzakowa Maria
Published: February 2014

Phenolic compounds in Pleurocladula albescens (Hook.) Grolle and Pleurocladuia islandica (Nees) Grolle were studied by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Consistent differences between both taxa were found.
Changes in phosphatase activity during germination and in early phases of cucumber seedlings growth
Authors: Kłobus Grażyna
Published: February 2014

In cotyledons and roots of Cucumis sativus seedlings, the presence of phosphatases was proved at two optimal pH values: 6.4 and 5.0. The phosphatases are characterized by low substrate specificity. Among the analysed substrates the following were hydrolyzed particularly preferentialy while fissuring: pnitrophenylophosphate (pNPP), adenosinotriphosphate (ATP), pyrophosphate, β-naphthylophosphate and in case of the cotyledon extracts also calcium phytinate. Mo, Zn, Cu and Co present in an incubation mixture inhibited this activity. Analysis of the phosphatase activity in cotyledons and roots of cucumber seedlings showed that in early phases of cucumber growth (germination and the first week of growth in ligth), the activity remained at a relatively high level and had a few peaks connected with the vegetable growth phase whereas the frequency of their accurance was connected with the analysed organ. It was stated that changes of the phosphatase activity were visibly correlated to changes of the phosphorus content in the period under study. In roots similar correlations were not observed.
Variabibility of Glutamate-Oxalate-Transaminase (GOT-2.6.1.1) isoenzymes in open- pollinated progenyof homozygous Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees
Authors: Krzakowa Maria
Published: February 2014

The progeny of the two homozygotic Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plustrees was investigated as regards the GOT enzyme system to check the influence of 18 trees growing in the nearest neighbourhood. The experiment proves cross-fertilization only in almost 40 per cent.
Ultrastructure of cells after reversible dark-induced blocking of mitotic divisions in antheridial filaments of Chara vulgaris L.
Authors: Kwiatkowska Maria , Maszewski Janusz , Maszewska Maria M.
Published: February 2014

As compared with the control plants cultured under photoperiodic L : D = =14 : 10 conditions (K w i a t k o w s k a, M a s z e w s k i, 1978), the ultrastructure of nuclei -in cells blocked by a 5 day exposure to continuous darkness is characterized by homogenous arrangement. This homogeneity is maintained in all generations of antheridial filaments irrespective of cell length, which in the controls, being directly correlated with particular type of nuclear structure, may serve as a precise indicator of a given stage of interphase. From similarities in both the spatial distribution and content of condensed chromatin in is concluded that the block of the cell cycle is imposed at the beginning of the G2 phase. On comparing these cells with the early G2 period (stage VII) in the control plants, marked changes in the structure of nucleoli were found. They decrease in size by half owing to the complete decline of granular component. The area occupied by endoplasmic reticulum undergoes a 50% reduction. The decrease in the activity of Golgi apparatus expressed by a drop in number of smooth vesicles surrounding a single dictyosome is found to parallel the limited rate of cell growth. The number of coated vesicles and cisterns of dictyosome slightly increases. Mitochondria show typical condensed configuration with dense matrices and swollen cristae, while in the control orthodox forms are prevailing. The mean size of mitochondria is smaller, but their number exceeds that of the control plants. The surface area of mitochondrial profiles is found to remain constant proportion of the cytoplasm section, e.g., about 3%. Dark-cultured antheridial filaments show absolute decline of lipid droplets. No differences were found in structure of plastids and vacuols, as well as in number of ribosomes in cytoplasm surface unit.
Genesis of grana and stroma thylakoids in leaf chloroplasts of four orchid species
Authors: Damasz Barbara
Published: February 2014

In the chloroplasts of orchid leaves (Paphiopedilum mastersianum Pfitz., Stanhopea tigrina Batem., Coelogyne cristata LDL and Cymbidium insigne Rolfe) grana stacks differentiate on the base of primary thylakoids. This process occurs by stratification due to overlapping of thylakoids, by their bending and by invagination of the membrane into the thylakoid. There also may form two membranes ending blindly at both ends, called "central contact zone" ("Kontaktzone") in the interior of the mother thylakoid. Thylakoid multiplication in the grana shacks takes place by the same processes; and also by the "overgrowth" of thylakoids over the stroma localized between the closely overlaid grana. The increase in the number of stroma thylakoids usually occurs by fusion of the flattend vesicles lying in rows in the stroma or by elongation of the grana thylakoids.
Phytohormones level in the leaves of Hyoscyamus niger L. during variable photoperiods at the time of flower initiation and differentiation
Authors: Kopcewicz Jan , Centkowska Gabriela , Kriesel Krystyna
Published: February 2014

The investigations concern changes in the content of endogenous phytohormones in the leaves of the long-day plant Hyoscyamus niger L. during variable photoperiods applied before and after flower initiation. The results show that alternation of inductive photoperiods with short days leads to quantitative changes in the content of phytohormones. The changeable photoperiod leads to a general decrease in the contents of gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins during the short noninductive days both before and after flower initiation. Alternation of the inductive photoperiod with short days does not influence the content of abscisic acid-like substances before flower initiation and causes an increase of the amount of inhibitors in the postinductive period. The content of hormonal substances is subjected to rhytmical changes related to the periods of light and darkness in the twenty-four hours' cycle.
Reduction of nitrates in Cucumis sativus L. seedlings II. Influence of tungsten and vanadium on nitrate reductase and adenosine triphosphatase activities
Authors: Buczek Józef
Published: February 2014

ATPases isolated from the roots of cucumber seedlings activated by Mg+2 ions in experiments in vitro, were fairly distinctly inhibited by Ca-2 ions, very slightly inhibited by fluorides and molybdenum ions while NO3- anions had no effect on the level of ATPase activity studied. Introduction into the nutrient of 10-4 M Na2WO4 or 10-3 M Na VO3 (inhibitors of nitrate reductase NR) distinctly inhibited activity of the ATPase under study especially of fractions IIa and III, and inhibited NR activity and lowered uptake of NO3-. WO4-2 and VO3 inhibited to the same extent absorption and reduction of NO3- in the initial phase of NR induction, whereas at a later stage both inhibitors checked reduction to a greater degree than uptake of NO3-. The results indicate the possibility of certain ATPase participation in assimilating nitrates, and suggest that in the initial stage of biosynthesis of the NR enzyme system, activity of the enzyme is distinctly dependent upon NO3- transport and the level of NR activity limited by the amount of nitrate taken up. At a later an additional mechanism of NO3- transport probably functions, not connected with simultaneous reduction of nitrates. On the basis of results the Butz and Jackson (1977) hypothesis concerning a model for the absorption and reduction of NO3- by plant tissues is discussed.
Flavonoids in the leaves of polish species of the genus Betula L. L The flavonoids of B. pendula Roth. and B. obscura Kot. leaves
Authors: Pawłowska Lucyna
Published: February 2014

Betula pendula Roth. leaves were found to contain, beside the flavonoids detected earlier by other researchers, isorhamnetin 3-galactoside, acacetin 7-glucoside, and perhaps scutellarein 7-glycoside and quercetin 3-glycoside-7,4'-dimethyl ether. The investigated specimens of this species can be divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence in them of 6-methoxykaempferide. Group I was characterized by larger leaf-blades containing this compound, whereas it was absent in group II with smaller leaves. The composition of the leaf flavonoids of B. obscura Kot. samples was identical with that of the specimens of the above-mentioned small leaved B. pendula.
Flavonoids in the leaves of polish species of the genus Betula L. II. The flavonoids of B. "nova" and B. humilis Schrk. leaves
Authors: Pawłowska Lucyna
Published: February 2014

The leaves of the taxon B. "nova" were found to contain myricitrin, hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, myricetin 3-digalactoside, quercitrin, quercetin 3-arabinoside, hesperidin, and probably also kaempferol 3-rhamno-7--glucoside, quercetin 3,7,4'-trimethyl ether, quercetin 7,3',4'-trimethyl ether, and dihydrohyperoside. Jentys-Szaferawa has advanced a supposition that B. "nova" may descend from B. humilis Schrk., however, since the composition of the leaf flavonoids present in the two taxa compared is quite different, these biochemical traits preclude such a possibility.
Statistical analysis of the grain morphology of the present and fossil cereals
Authors: Kosina Romuald
Published: February 2014

The grains of the following present-day cereal forms were charred: Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum var. compactum, var. vulgare and Avena sativa. For each caryopsis before and after charring width, thickness, length and weight were determined. The charring caused the increase of the coefficient of variation in the majority of cases, but proportionally to variation of the characters of the uncharred grains. The second group of anaylsed material were the grains of the present and fossil cereals. In the material six features of grain morphology were investigated. For present and fossil cereals the matrices of simple correlation were calculated. By means of analysis of multiple regression the interdependence of grain weight and its dimensions was investigated. The introduction into the equation of regression of successive independent variable (grain dimensions) causes a progressive exhaustion of the total variability of the regressand (grain weight). The weight of grain is equally a representative trait as well as its dimensions. This feature may serve for comparative studies of populations of fossil grain of the very same species originating from various periods or sites. This type of analysis may illustrate the influence of selection on the size of grain.
The effect of light factor on the development of thallus and generative organs in Chara vulgaris L.
Authors: Maszewski Janusz
Published: February 2014

During long-term axenic culture of Chara continuous illumination (L=24) increases mitotic activity of almost all types of cells. In such conditions only initiation of oogonia is inhibited, leading into a strong predomination of male generative organs. Prolonged darkness (L:D=1:23) exerts a mitodepressing effect. Oogonia and antheridia are especially susceptible to the reduction of the light period. Modifications of the elongating growth in various photoperiods are different in the polyploid regions of the vegetative thallus and in haploid cells of the antheridial filaments. Segments of both axial internodes and lateral pleuridia increase their dimensions at L:D=1:23, whereas at L=24 their growth is significantly inhibited. Different reaction is noted in the cells of antheridial filaments: at L=24 they are about 10% longer than in the control (L:D=14:10). The duration of the antheridium aevelopment, from the stage of unicellular filaments to the moment of antheridium opening, is 1.5 days shorter at L=24 as compared with the control. This shortening includes proportionally both the period of divisions within antheridial filaments and the period of spermatozoid differentiation.
Competition between Festuca rubra L. and F. pratensis Huds. in natural conditions
Authors: Widera Maria
Published: February 2014

Analysis of the edaphic conditions and properties of pure and cenopopulations of Festuca rubra and Festuca pratensis allowed to establish the competitivity of these two species on 4 different lithological substrates in the Sudetes Foothills. A model of competition between F. rubra and F. pratensis was constructed on the basis of the biomass of their populations. On a substrate of porphyry, sand and granite F. rubra prevails in competition while on basalt F. pratensi is preponderant.
Effect of lead compounds on regeneration of mosses Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) Beauv. and Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) K op.
Authors: Krupińska Irena
Published: February 2014

The influence of various lead compounds concentrations on the regeneration of green and brown Atrichum undulatum and Plagiomnium cuspidatum shoot fragments was studied. Both these species are highly tolerant to the lead content in the substrate. A. undulatum is more susceptible than the other species. Concentrations of 120 ppm PbCl2 and 240 ppm Pb(NO3)2 inhibit and lower concentrations stimulate shoot regeneration.
Microsporogenesis and pollen grains in Silene dioica (L.) Cl. and alterations in its anthers parasited by Ustilago violacea (Pers.) Rouss. (Ustilaginales)
Authors: Audran Jean-Claude , Batcho Mekinto
Published: February 2014

Healthy and infected anthers are comparatively studied with optical and electron microscopic techniques. The fungus stops the stamen histogenesis at an early stage and destroys specifically the sporogenous tissue.
Cytophysiological and ultrastructural modifications induced by cold in the microsporocytes and tapetum of Rhoeo discolor Hance
Authors: Souvré André , Albertini Louis , Grenet-Auberger Hélené
Published: February 2014

The exposition of Rhoeo discolor to cold induces an alteration of the microsporocytes (PMC) and tapetum ultrastructure. In the young cooled PMC, the mitochondria present short and vesiculate cristae, the stroma of proplasts is clearer and the polyrilbasomes are deteriorated. During the phase tetrads-microspores, the alterations are more important: the chromatin coagulates, the nucleus swells while the nuclear membrane is modified; some large vesicules appear outside of the plasmalemma. In the cooled periplasmodium we can observe many groups of vesicules, mitochondria with dilated cristae, rough endoplasmic reticulum without their ribosomes and a breaking up of inueleoli. Our observations are in correlation with the previous results obtained by autoradiography and photometry, and are discussed with the bibliographical results.
Microsporogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Autofluorescence of pollen wall of Lilium and changes in pollen wall of Gasteria in Lilium anther
Authors: Willemse M. T.
Published: February 2014

Autafluarescence of the pollen wall of Lilium shows a correlative change with its development. When the pollen of Gasteria is injected into the anther of Lilium, it exhibits almost the same characteristics of wall autofluorescence as those of Lilium. Only the last stages of wall development are dissimilar. During this period the pollenkitt sticks to the pollen wall in Lilium only. The conclusion is that in the exine of Gasteria pollen, in contact with the locular fluid of Lilium, polymerization of Lilium sporapollenin occurs instead of a structural addition to the wall. This polymerization is a continuous process during the entire development.
Megasporogenesis and early megagametogenesis
Authors: Willemse M. T. , De Boer-de M. J.
Published: February 2014

Qualitative and quantitative data on organelle distribution during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were discussed. Megaspocyte and megaspore ultrastructural and cytochemical characters were related to developmental stages and embryo sac formation. The role of nucellus was considered
Embryo sac development in Stellaria media
Authors: Kudlicka Krystyna , Kuraś Mieczysław , Rodkiewicz Bohdan
Published: February 2014

Osmiophilic granules were observed during certain stages of intermitotic periods in one, two and four nucleate embryo sacs in Stellaria media. The granules, some inside the short ER cisternae, were mainly distributed along the walls of nucleate embryo sacs. It is assumed that the osmiophilic granules may he involved in the deposition of substances within the wall of the megagametophyte.
The haustorial synergids of Cortaderia (Gramineae) at maturity
Authors: Philipson Melva N.
Published: February 2014

The ultrastructure of synergids which extend through the micropyle as haustoria and lie against 'the ovary wall are described in Cortaderia selloana and its Fl hybrid with C. araucana. These haustoria bear typical transfer cell wall invaginations closely associated with the plasma membrane and with mitochondria. Their function seems to be one involved in the absorption and conduction of nutrients to the synergids which are atypical in their highly vacuolate structure, degenerate nuclei and few organelles. The synergids appear to act as repositories of nutrients which are, readily accessible to the central cell by virtue of deep intrusions made into them by the central cell cytoplasm. Enzymatic secretion could also be a function of the distal end of the haustorial synergids, both in facilitating tissue peneration during its outward growth and in directing pollen tube growth. At anfhesis, the haustorium - synergid complex appears to be past its peak of absorption and transport activity, and to be involved in a seeretory or degenerative phase.
Ultrastructure of fertilization in Plumbago zeylanica
Authors: Russell Scott D. , Cass David D.
Published: February 2014

The synergidless female gametophyte of Plumbago zeylanica receives the pollen tube through specialized cell wall ingrowths at the base of the egg; tube growth continues between egg and central cells. Pollen tube discharge occurs between egg and central cell and results in release of two male gametes, vegetative nucleus, and some pollen cytoplasm. Except for the location of gamete discharge, details of transmission and fusion of gametic nuclei appear to conform to reports of these processes in taxa possessing conventional embryo sacs.
Some cytological and ultrastructural aspects of male sterility in Impatiens
Authors: Van Went J. L.
Published: February 2014

Some cytological and ultrastructural aspects of tapetum and sporogenic cells, in both male-fertile and male-sterile Impatiens, were investigated and compared in order to find the cause of cytoplasmic male sterility.
Structural and physiological relationships between embryo and endosperm at the early stages of development
Authors: Chebotaru A. A.
Published: February 2014

In Zea mays different factors cause the considerable aberrations both in the ratio of the dividing cells of proembryo to the endosperm nuclei and in their interaction. These factors are: age of female flower, type of pollination, high and low temperatures, high humidity and drought, shortening of maize silk or its treatment with saturated vapours of naphtalene or poison gases.
The phase change in ferns
Authors: Bell P. R.
Published: February 2014

It is argued that the phasic alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte in ferns involves changing gene activation during oogenesis and sporogenesis respectively. The reasons for the change in activation are to be sought in the nutritional states of the cells in which the transition takes place. The readiness with Which apospory can the induced in ferns has enabled the features of meiosis which are essential for the switch in the form of growth to be distinguished from those which are related to the distinctive behaviour of the chromosomes. The dramatic changes in the cytoplasm of meiotic cells seem to have little morpihogenetic significance.
Autoradiographic studies of DNA and histone synthesis in successive differentiation stages of pollen grain in Hyacinthus orientalis L.
Authors: Bednarska Elżbieta
Published: February 2014

DNA and histone synthesis in five consecutive morphological stages of Hyacinthus orientalis L. pollen grain differentiation were studied autoradiographically. DNA synthesis was found to occur in both the generative and the vegetative cell. DNA replication in the generative cell took place when the generative cell was still adhered to the pollen grain wall but already devoid of callose wall. DNA synthesis in the generative cell slightly preceded that in the vegetative cell. Histones were synthesized in phase S of the generative and vegetative cell. In the generative cell histone synthesis also continued at a lower level after completion of DNA replication. In the developmental stages under study the nuclei of the generative cells were decidedly richer in lysine histones than vegetative cell nuclei.
Development and transfer character of secretory glands in the broad bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Tarkowska Jadwiga A. , Zobel Alicja M. , Maciak Małgorzata
Published: February 2014

The development and transfer character of the secretory glands developing ,on the stipules (from node I to X) in Vicia faba L. was investigated. It was found that the state of developmental and functional maturity is reached by them in nodes IV-VI from the shoot apex. In mature glands the characteristic ingrowths from the cell wall to the interior of the protoplast develop to different extents (number, size and shape) in the particular gland cells. Their most intensive development up to the formation of labyrinths was observed in the outher walls of the head, and particularly in the cells of its upper tier. In all the other cells of the gland (up to the subepidermal one) less developed ingrowths occur on the transverse walls and even less along the long axis of the gland. This arrangement of the ingrowths shows the direction of flow of secretive substances.
Storage polysaccharides in germinating yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)
Authors: Hoffmannowa Aleksandra , Zielińska Grażyna
Published: February 2014

The yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Express) was cultured for 16 days in light or in darkness. During the first 3 days of germination starch and hemicelluloses were estimated in the seed organs, cotyledons and axis. Later the estimations were performed daily in cotyledons, shoots and roots of the cultured seedlings. Absence of starch was noted in cotyledons of airdry seeds and an abrupt starch synthesis in the first 24 hours of germination. nation. Degradation of starch, and hemicelluloses in cotyledons of the germinating yellow lupine was rapid and correlated strictly with losses in their dry weight. Similarly to starch synthesis, it showed no light dependence. On the other hand, light influenced synthesis of the studied polysaccharides in the shoot and the root of a develaping lupine seedling.
The influence of potassium and calcium ions on nitrogen metabolism of cucumber seedlings
Authors: Kubik-Dobosz Genowefa
Published: February 2014

It was found that K+ or Ca2+ deficiency in a nitrate or ammonium medium increased the amount of accumulated total and non-protein nitrogen in some organs of cucumber seedlings, as also caused changes in accumulated potassium and calcium. Lack of K+ or Ca2+ in a medium which did not contain nitrogen led to an increased level of glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the cotyledons and roots of cucumbers. Similar changes in the activity of these enzymes were noted in certain organs of seedlings growing in nitrate or ammonium medium with decreased K+ or Ca2+ contents, although the magnitude of these changes depended upon the applied dosage of these cations, the form of mineral nitrogen, developmental phase of plants and the plant organ dealt with.
Variability of Caltha palustris L. populations in garden culture
Authors: Falińska Krystyna
Published: February 2014

On the basis of studies performed in the experimental garden the character of the variability of Caltha palustris L. populations is described. Individuals were bred under uniform conditions from diaspores of meadow, springwood, flood-plain forest and alder forest populations. The results obtained allow to evaluate the hypothesis concerning the ecological preference of cytotypes (S m i t 1967, 1968) and the somewhat different ecological requirements of two subspecies: C. palustris ssp. palustris and C. palustris ssp. cornuta. It was found that each population includes individuals with different cytotypes. The situation is similar as far as subspecies are concerned, distinguished on the basis of fruit morphology (Fig. 1). It should be stressed, however, that, investigations of many years duration raised serious doubts as to the diagnostic value of fruit morphology (Figs. 2, 3). On the basis of the preserved differences between the populations in shoot habitus, reproduction and phenology in garden culture, a springwood and an alder forest ecotype were distinguished. Meadow and flood-plain populations exhibited a transitional character with certain similarities both to the alder forest and to the springwood populations.
Pollen grain surface in Vaccinium myrtillus as seen in scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Kocoń Józef , Pliszka Kazimierz , Muszyński Stanisław
Published: February 2014

Pollen grain surface of Vaccinium myrtillus L. was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains remain in tetrahedral tetrads. Grain surface is verrucose, consisting of thick, irregularly shaped muri, surrounding small, round or oval lumina. The surface of the muri is fissured, and minute papillae can also be noted.
Cell suspension culture of Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter: growth, organogenesis and alkaloid production
Authors: Furmanowa Mirosława , Rapczewska Lucyna
Published: February 2014

The paper discusses the growth of cell suspension cultures of Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter established from callus of hypocotyl origin. The cell number and growth increment were determined. Cellular aggregates developed well in the Wood and Braun (WB) medium with 1 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l kinetin (growth increment 712.4). When the aggregates were cultured on WB media without NAA and kinetin or with 0.02 mg/l kinetin and 3 mg/l IAA, Toots developed an the aggregates. Examiination of the roots and cell suspensions indicates that the Toots are richer in alkaloids than the callus and cell suspensions.
Investigations on the cytotoxic influence of zinc on Allium cepa L. roots
Authors: Kocik Halina , Wojciechowska Barbara , Liguzińska Alicja
Published: February 2014

The influence of various (0.1, 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, 0.0025 and 0.00125 M) zinc chloride and zinc acetate concentrations on the mitotic activity of the apical meristem of onion adventitious roots was investigated after 24 h of incubation. It was found that the tested compounds have a mitodepressive action and distinctly inhibit root elongation. The results of topochemical analysis are reported.
Effect of kinetin on the course of cell cycle in successive developmental stages of the antheridial filaments of Chara vulgaris L.
Authors: Godlewski Mirosław
Published: February 2014

Effects of kinetin on the course of cell cycle in successive developmental stages of the antheridial filaments of Chara vulgaris L. were investigated. A shortening of the duration of cell cycles has been observed, particularly in initial. and final developmental stages. S phase. shortened in all stages whereas G2 phase+mitosis shortened in early but become longer in late developmental stages of filaments. Incorporation of 14C-adenine into cell nuclei increased after kinetin treatment in 4- and 8-celled filaments whereas that of 3H-phenylalanine increased in 8- and particularly 16-celled ones. This plant growth regulator stimulated also the 3H-thymidine incorporation into cells in studied developmental stages of filaments. The stimulation of radioactive phenylalanine incorporation into nucleus and cytoplasm was stronger in late G2 phase. A participation of cytokinins in the control of cell cycle in relation to process of differentiation of antheridial cells is discussed. A possibility of changes in the cytokinin content in antheridia and antheridial filament cells during their; development has been postulated.
The effect of the photoperiod on the level of endogenous growth regulators in pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings
Authors: Kriesel Krystyna , Ciesielska Sławomir
Published: February 2014

The investigations were performed on pine seedlings growing under 12, 16 and 20 hour photoperiods. In 4 succesive stages of seedling development i.e. after 2, 12, 18 and 30 weeks of culture morphological characters of the seedlings were measured and the levels of auxins-, gibberellins-, cytokininsand abscisic acid-like inhibitor were determined. The intensity of growth and development of juvenile leaves, needles and of the shoot was the lowest in plants growing under 12 hour photoperiod conditions. As the length of the photoperiod increased so did the intensity of these processes. Under the 12 hour photoperiod the development of scale leaves, axillary buds and the formation of the terminal bud started earliest. This process reached completion under the 12 hour photoperiod and the bud remained in a state of dormancy. Seedlings growing under the 12 hour photoperiod were characterized by a low level of stimulators, and at the same time by a high level of inhibitors. On the other hand in seedlings grown at 16 and 20 hour photoperiods the content of stimulators was higher and that of inhibitors lower. A high intensity of growth and development processes was correlated with a high level of stimulators while a high level of inhibitors was correlated with a low intensity of these processes.The obtained results suggest the participation of gibberellins and cytokinins in the processes of regulation of the initiation of scale leaves and axillary buds, and the participation of these hormones and of abscisic acid in the regulation of needle elongation.
Regeneration of plants from leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. cv. Bronze Bornholm in in vitro cultures
Authors: Ślusarkiewicz-Jarzina Aurelia , Zenkteler Maciej , Podlewska Barbara
Published: February 2014

Plants were obtained from cultured in vitro leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. cv. Bronze Bornholm. The leaves were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with cytokinins (kinetin - KIN, zeatin - ZEA, 6-benzyloaminopurine - BAP) and auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - 2,4-D, α-naphtaleneacetic acid - NAA, 3-indolilacetic acid - IAA, p-fluorophenylalanine - PFA) in various combinations and concentra-tions. The most suitable medium was that one which contained 4 mg/l KIN, 2 mg/l NAA and 50 mg/l PFA.
Effect of morphactin (IT 3456) on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in four species of Angiospermae
Authors: Gabara Barbara
Published: February 2014

The action of morphactin in 10, 100 and 1000 ppm on pollen germination and tube growth was studied in four species: Antirrhinum majus, Campanula rapunculoides, Eschscholtzia californica and Narcissus poeticus. Pollen grains showed different sensitivity to particular concentrations of morphactin. Although the concentration of 1000 ppm inhibited completely pollen germination in A. majus and C. rapunculoides, it was not sufficient to suppress this process in E. californica and N. poeticus. Morphactin has a different effect on the percentage of germinated and ruptured pollen, tube length and its rate of growth. This effect was either inhibitory, neutral or stimulatory, depending on the morphactin concentration, the time of culture and species studied. The action of morphactin on the germination process is discussed.
Reconstruction of storeyed cambium in the linden
Authors: Włoch Wiesław , Zagórska-Marek Beata
Published: February 2014

Cambium and xylem from the stem of an about 100-year-old linden (Tibia cordata) was examined. Intrusive growth of cells, leading to forking of cell ends and consequently to a change in the contacts of fusiform cells, occurs in the layer of initial cells. This growth gives two configurations, Z and S. Both appear along the same storey boundary, but they are spatially separated (groups of S and Z endings alternate). A unidirectional lateral shift of the growth activity of the ends was observed. In the examined linden stem a storeyed arrangement of rays was found within the stories of fusiform cells.
Viability and vigour of ageing winter wheat grains
Authors: Grzesiuk Stanisław , Tłuczkiewicz Janusz
Published: February 2014

The viability and vigour of ageing winter wheat caryopses of the cvs. Grana and Jana were tested. Viability was determined on the basis of germination capacity and rate, and vigour on the basis of the over-all activity of hydrogenases in the sprouts, exudate conductometry, analysis of sprout growth, oxygen uptake and mitochondrial protein content in the sprouts. What is called energy (or rate) of germination and over-all dehydrogenase activity in embryos and sprouts and the electroconductivity of exudates were found to be very good measures of the vigour of ageing caryopses. The latter two indices of vigour should be determined at a strictly defined moment of swelling and germination. Good measures of caryopse vigour are also respiration during swelling and at the beginning of germination and mitochondrial protein content in the sprouts or seedlings. There is a high correlation between the vigour of ageing grain and its bioenergetic indices.
Changes in ribosomal proteins in wheat embryos in the course of grain development and maturation
Authors: Weidner Stanisław , Zalewski Kazimierz
Published: February 2014

It was found, by comparing the densitometric profiles of ribosomal proteins of wheat embryos in milk and full grain ripeness, that in the process of development and ripening of caryopses the percentual proportion of low molecular weight proteins increases at the cost of those of high molecular weight. This concerns both acidic and basic proteins. In electrophoretic separation of ribosomal proteins from embryos of fully ripe seeds by the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis the appearance of three new low molecular weight proteins - an acidic one and two basic ones - was observed. These proteins were not found in the embryos of caryopses of milk ripeness. These results indicate that with development and ripening of wheat caryopses new low molecular weight ribosomal proteins are built into the ribosomes in the embryo. These changes are both quantitative and qualitative.
Ribonucleic acids and ribosomal proteins synthesis during germination of unripe and aged wheat caryopses
Authors: Weidner Stanisław , Zalewski Kazimierz
Published: February 2014

Caryopses collected at milk, wax and full ripeness as well as aged ones stored at air humidity of 30, 60 and 80 per cent were subjected to germination. The more unripe were the caryopses the lower was their germination capacity and dry mass increment of the sprouts, the same was true for fully ripe but aged caryopses. After 48 h of germination in the presence of radioactive precursors the embryos were removed from the caryopses and used for isolation of the total ribosomal fraction and RNA. Distinct synthesis of three basic total RNA fractions and of the polyribosomal fraction was observed in all samples and in embryos from grain which had completely lost its germination capacity. High radioactivity was recorded in preparations of total RNA and polyribosomal ones from 48-h sprouts growing from caryopses collected at milk ripeness and in those of aged caryopses stored under air humidity of 30 and 60 per cent. According to the authors, the depressed amount of latent forms of RNA (preformed mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes) is the cause of intensive 3H-uridine incorporation into RNA in embryos from unripe and aged caryopses. For germination of grains with a reduced amount of latent forms the biosynthesis mechanisms must be based to a much higher extent on newly synthesised molecules of ribonucleic acids.