bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El proceso de enseñanza de la lectoescritura durante la contingencia por COVID-19
Authors: Barrios Gonzales Erika Egliontina , Jimon Barrera Ana Karen , González Campillo David
Published: January 2023

En el contexto de la pandemia la enseñanza de la lectoescritura se ha visto modificada por el confinamiento y la modalidad a distancia. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las experiencias de los docentes en el proceso de enseñanza de la lectoescritura durante la modalidad a distancia derivada de la contingencia por COVID-19. Método. El diseño fue fenomenológico. Se entrevistó a 20 docentes (18 mujeres y 2 hombres) del Estado de Morelos, México. Las entrevistas se realizaron mediante la plataforma Zoom. Resultados. Los docentes señalan que la pandemia acrecentó la brecha de desigualdades educativas, ya que los modelos propuestos, no tomaban en cuenta las características de cada estudiante. Debido a que no existe una propuesta específica para este tipo de enseñanza, cada docente ha desarrollado sus propias estrategias, aunque coinciden en que el apoyo parental fue el factor que marcó la diferencia. En el aspecto emocional los docentes reconocen sentir en ocasiones estrés, ansiedad y frustración. Conclusión. Los docentes consideran que el factor socioeconómico ha sido el gran reto en la enseñanza de la lectoescritura, así como el apoyo parental. Esto ocasionó que se duplicara su carga de trabajo y afectara en ocasiones su salud mental.
Lecturas de viñetas sobre exclusión social efectos cognitivos
Authors: Mustaca Alba
Published: January 2023

Se mostró que las lecturas de viñetas sobre exclusión social (ES) provoca en los lectores respuestas emocionales similares a la ES vivida; además los lectores se sintieron con mayor estado de ánimo (EA) negativo, frustración (F) y empatía emocional (EE). La presente investigación evalúa si leer relatos sobre ES aumenta la tendencia a interpretar informaciones neutras como agresivas. En este estudio participaron 46 mujeres que fueron divididos en dos grupos en función de la viñeta que se les presentaban: ES o IS. Luego contestaron “como se sintieron durante la lectura” con cuestionarios sobre EA, F y EE. Para evaluar los efectos cognitivos se les presentaron 10 pares asociados, en el cual una palabra era claramente agresiva y la otra ambigua. Debían contestar en una escala de 1 a 7 qué tan parecidas eran cada par de palabras; luego se administró un cuestionario de agresividad (CA) y otro sociodemográfico. El CA no mostró diferencias significativas entre grupos. El grupo ES presentó mayor EA negativo, F y EE (p<.0001, r=1.00). Además, el grupo ES puntuó las palabras ambiguas como más agresivas respecto del grupo IC (p<.05, r=.30). Este dato muestra por primera vez que la lectura de relatos sobre exclusión social activa procesos asociativos de hostilidad inconscientes; se explican de acuerdo al Modelo General de la Agresión (MGA) y de Berkovitch (1990,1993) que afirma que la frustración en general activa mecanismos no conscientes en las redes asociativas neurales hacia sesgos cognitivos hostiles.
Habilidades Sociales y Autoconcepto en adolescentes que realizan y no actividad física
Authors: Morrone Carolina , De Grandis Carolina , Della Pittima Luciana , R. Ceberio Marcelo , Elgier Angel
Published: January 2023

Las relaciones interpersonales constituyen un elemento fundamental en la constitución de la personalidad (Caballo, 2005). El interés por el estudio de las habilidades sociales es relevante por su relación con los ámbitos de desarrollo del sujeto. En cuanto al autoconcepto, entendido como el conjunto de percepciones que tiene el individuo como si, es una variable psicológica que presenta una relación directa con el bienestar emocional y la integración social de la persona se desarrolla en interacción con el medio. La práctica física-deportiva es un medio ideal para la adquisición de competencias personales y sociales además de mejorar el nivel de calidad de vida en general (Moreno et al., 2007). La presente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la relación entre las variables habilidades sociales, autoconcepto y práctica deportiva en adolescentes. Se trata de un estudio de carácter correlacional, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 196 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre 16 y 18 años. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto (AF-5-García & Musitu, 2014) y la Escala de Habilidades Sociales (IHS-Del Prette y Del Prette, 2001). Se obtuvo en los resultados una relación significativa entre las dimensiones del Autoconcepto y las Habilidades Sociales en los adolescentes que realizan actividad deportiva.
Intervenciones para la educación inclusiva del alumnado en situación de enfermedad crónica: Scoping Review
Authors: Jiliberto Fritis Francisca
Published: January 2023

El acceso a la educación obligatoria, la continuidad educativa y la inclusión educativa se suele plantear como un derecho en la sociedad actual, sin embargo, las evidencias nos muestran que el alumnado en situación de enfermedad no siempre consigue sentirse incluido durante los periodos de convalecencia aguda y posterior reinserción educativa. El presente estudio busca explorar y conocer la realidad actual en relación con las intervenciones para promover la educación inclusiva del alumnado en situación de enfermedad crónica a través de un scoping review. Si bien hay algunas intervenciones documentadas o estudios que describen situaciones puntuales de inclusión educativa, queda en evidencia un vacío en relación con estudios que describan intervenciones realizadas en contextos educativos y que midan el impacto de estas. Las futuras líneas de investigación deberían centrarse en reunir evidencia en relación con intervenciones para la continuidad e inclusión educativa del alumnado en situación de enfermedad y la medición del impacto de éstas con el fin de conseguir una inclusión educativa en el ámbito académico, social y cultural del alumnado en situación de vulnerabilidad por razones de salud.
Análisis e intervención en el riesgo académico en educación superior
Authors: Morales Chávez Germán , Peña Pérez Benjamín , Hernández Corona Alfredo , Carpio Ramírez Claudio Antonio
Published: January 2023

El riesgo académico constituye una línea de investigación desde la cual se han realizado esfuerzos que en ocasiones redundan o superponen funciones entre sí. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo recuperar una caracterización funcional del riesgo académico, analizando los factores que posibilitan su tratamiento, enfatizando en los actores de la vida educativa que son el docente y el estudiante. Se describen las características generales de un programa de atención para identificar y atender el riesgo académico. Se desarrolla el papel que juega el estudiante, la familia, los otros significativos, docentes y autoridades educativas en la configuración problemática del riesgo académico y las posibilidades que tienen de contribuir en la solución de este. A manera de conclusión se presentan una serie de reflexiones en torno al potencial que ofrece cada uno de los elementos que participan en las interacciones didácticas entre docentes y estudiantes.
Factores relacionados con la respuesta resiliente del estudiantado universitario
Authors: Rodríguez Ugalde Eugenia , Ortiz Solano Arianna
Published: January 2023

La pandemia ocasionada por la COVID-19 ha tenido repercusiones importantes en la salud mental de las personas jóvenes y adultas. Las situaciones adversas que ha tenido que enfrentar esta población, hace imperativo desarrollar la capacidad de una respuesta resiliente, principalmente en contextos educativos. En esta investigación, se analizaron los factores relacionados con la resiliencia para elaborar propuestas educativas que favorezcan la respuesta resiliente del estudiantado universitario. La muestra estuvo conformada, en su mayoría, por mujeres universitarias entre 21 y 25 años. Para cumplir con los objetivos establecidos, se seleccionó una metodología con enfoque mixto y se aplicó la Encuesta SVRES-60 (Saavedra y Villalta, 2008), la cual explica la resiliencia a partir de doce factores. En este estudio, se seleccionaron tres factores que están asociados con la respuesta resiliente: metas, pragmatismo y generatividad. Los resultados arrojaron una puntuación promedio de los factores seleccionados. Así mismo, se especificaron propuestas educativas para desarrollar la capacidad de respuesta resiliente con estudiantes universitarios.
Los límites del espacio escolar universitario se desdibujan; autorregulación como propuesta al desafío post pandemia
Authors: Silva Victoria Héctor Octavio , Galguera Rosales Ricardo , Olvera Hernández Sandra Liliana , De la Rosa Herrera Alberto , Reyes Aristeo Ana Julieta , Pedraza Herrera Alejandra
Published: January 2023

El siguiente manuscrito discurre sobre la noción de espacio escolar y cómo esta expresión refiere mucho más que volumen o tamaño de un sitio en el que se enseña o aprende. Se reflexiona sobre la forma en que la pandemia por COVID-19 alteró las características de dicho espacio. Primeramente, se realiza un recorrido histórico para comprender el origen de algunas de las características de los espacios escolares, tratando de establecer la relación entre dichas características y las nociones educativas de cada momento. Posteriormente, se describe la manera en que los espacios escolares evolucionaron y se multiplicaron, especialmente por la llegada de las tecnologías de la información. Finalmente, se describe el impacto que la pandemia tuvo sobre las labores educativas, específicamente a nivel de educación superior. Se propone como una forma especial de comportamiento clave para aprender y enseñar en los nuevos espacios escolares: la autorregulación del estudio.
Métodos para evaluar la resiliencia en niños, niñas, jóvenes y adultos: herramientas para la investigación en Educación y Resiliencia
Authors: Saavedra Guajardo Eugenio , Castro Ríos Ana
Published: January 2023

l presente trabajo, aborda diferentes formas de medir y evaluar la conducta resiliente, a través de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, los cuales pueden ser aplicados antes, durante y/o después de una intervención en esta área, con la finalidad de dimensionar rigurosamente los resultados encontrados en este tipo de trabajos. Inicia el texto con algunas precisiones conceptuales en torno a la definición de resiliencia. Posteriormente se describen la Escala de Resiliencias para jóvenes y adultos entre 15 y 65 años (SV-RES), elaborada en el año 2008 (Saavedra y Villalta, 2008), del mismo modo se describe la Escala de Resiliencia para Escolares, ERE (Saavedra y Castro, 2009) para niños y niñas entre 9 y 14 años, cuya elaboración data de 2009, posteriormente se presenta la Metodología de Evaluación de Resiliencia para Familias,  RES-F (Saavedra y Castro, 2018), construida en el año 2015 y finalmente describimos la metodología de Evaluación de Resiliencia en la Infancia para niños y niñas entre 5 y 8 años (ERIN), cuya construcción se desarrolló en el año 2020 (Saavedra, Castro, Donoso y Rojas, 2020). Todos estos métodos han sido validados y. probados en poblaciones Latinoamericanas, lo que realza su valor y actualmente varios de ellos son utilizados en más de 12 países de América y España.
Resiliencia y educación: las fortalezas invisibles de los escolares durante el confinamiento
Authors: Huaire Inacio Edson Jorge , Gómez Esquivel Dulce Areli , Condori Ojeda Porfirio
Published: January 2023

El concepto de resiliencia se ha diversificado en todas las áreas conforme se fueron sumando los estudios científicos que dan cuenta de la importancia que tiene en la vida de las personas. Justamente, este trabajo aporta información y conocimientos sobre este constructo e invita a reflexionar sobre su importancia en el ámbito educativo. Un aspecto relevante que se evidencia a través de estudios es que, a pesar de la crisis ocasionado por la COVID-19, los niños y adolescentes han desarrollado mayores capacidades resilientes. Si bien, por efectos de la pandemia, muchas escuelas han sido cerradas en todo el mundo afectando a millones de niños y adolescentes, no solo en aspectos académicos. Desde el enfoque de la resiliencia se puede afirmar que, al mismo tiempo de haber padecido adversidades, estas personas han creado diversas estrategias para seguir desarrollándose, aprendiendo y prosperando a pesar de la crisis. En la promoción de estos factores positivos se reflexiona sobre el rol de los docentes y padres de familia como figuras imprescindibles que les brindan la confianza y el soporte necesario para seguir promoviendo la resiliencia aun en condiciones de adversidad y crisis.
Sucesos de vida y su correlación con síntomas transversales en escolares
Authors: Santillán Torres Torija Carolina , Ramírez Gutiérrez Juan Martín , Nájera Castillo Linda Katherine , Sandoval Mendoza Santiago Ivan , Sánchez Procopio Maribel
Published: January 2023

En el contexto del COVID el cierre de escuelas provocó ajustes importantes en la población infantil, lo que en algunos casos implicó que los escolares estuvieran expuestos a sucesos de vida que resultaron estresantes y elevaron la probabilidad de desarrollar algunos síntomas transversales relacionados con sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad y trastornos relacionados con traumas y factores de estrés. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer la prevalencia de sucesos de vida y su correlación con síntomas transversales en una muestra de 1,104 estudiantes de escuelas primarias públicas en el Estado de México. Los hallazgos confirman una exposición importante en las y los escolares a sucesos de vida y una correlación positiva con síntomas transversales.  Estos resultados han sido útiles para identificar tempranamente y derivar estudiantes en alto riesgo de rezago escolar, así como para conocer de primera mano el impacto de la pandemia en esta población.
Current Trends and Challenges in Real-World Breast Cancer Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Practical Review.
Authors: Lazzari Grazia , Solazzo Angela Pia , Benevento Ilaria , Montagna Antonietta , Rago Luciana , Castaldo Giovanni , Silvano Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Background: The treatment of breast cancer (BC) remains a constant and rapidly evolving issue for multidisciplinary breast cancer teams. Considering the emerging understanding and advances in the biological course of this disease, new trends in radiotherapy fractionation, systemic therapies, and oncoplastic surgical techniques are revolutionizing adjuvant treatment approaches to BC. Novel challenges are questioning the integration of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) into the real-world clinical setting.
Methods: PubMed literature search was conducted in order to extract data supporting the role of new trends in breast cancer adjuvant approach according to rising issues in the multidisciplinary team discussion such as sequencing with chemotherapy (CT) plus whole breast hypofractionated radiotherapy (HF-WBRT); the role of ART after neoadjuvant CT (NACT) followed by breast conservative surgery (BCS) in early BC achieving pathological complete remission (pCR); and the integration of ART in immediate autologous breast oncoplastic reconstruction after mastectomy (a-IBR). Furthermore, there are still several concerns about toxicity with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) or breast re-irradiation after BCS relapse in long-term survivors refusing mastectomy.
Results:  Among 40 hits, only 12 studies answered to these issues. Many of them were retrospective studies. Less than 500 patients met the criteria for these issues and several conclusions were found exhaustive.
Conclusion:  Few issues seem to have literature solutions, while there are still open questions in regard to these new trends. Novel strategies through prospective or randomized studies and new consensus guidelines are required.
PEMERKASAAN PELAKSANAAN SULH DALAM KES-KES HARTANAH MELALUI PEMAKAIAN ARAHAN AMALAN DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH DI MALAYSIA (Enhancement on the Application of Sulh in Real Property Cases through Practice Directions in Malaysian Shariah Courts)
Authors: Wan  Adnan Wan Azimin , Buang Ahmad Hidayat , Sulaiman Zubaidi
Published: January 2023

Pemakaian Arahan Amalan membantu pelaksanaan sulh di Mahkamah Syariah pada penyediaan proses kerja bermula daripada pendaftaran kes hingga perintah penghakiman persetujuan dikeluarkan. Kajian ini meneliti kedudukan dan pemakaian Arahan Amalan dalam pelaksanaan sulh dalam kes-kes hartanah di Mahkamah Syariah. Data kajian ini terdiri daripada sumber primer seperti statut, Arahan-Arahan Amalan, penghakiman kes-kes, temubual dan sumber sekunder seperti penulisan di dalam artikel jurnal dan buku. Analisis kandungan secara deskriptif digunakan bagi menganalisis data-data yang telah dikumpulkan. Kajian ini mendapati pemakaian Arahan Amalan menyediakan garis panduan kepada pegawai sulh dan hakim syarie menjalankan tugas mereka secara berkesan. Namun melalui analisis penghakiman kes yang diputuskan, Arahan Amalan ke arah pemerkasaan pelaksanaan sulh khususnya dalam penyelesaian kes hartanah masih perlu ditambah baik dalam mendepani cabaran semasa, isu perundangan dan pentadbiran. Implikasi kajian ini dapat memantapkan aspek proses penghakiman dan pengurusan kes dalam Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia.   ABSTRACT The application of practice directions assists the implementation of sulh in the Syariah Courts in the preparation of work processes starting from case registration until the issuance of consent judgement order. This study examined the position and application of practice directions in the implementation of sulh with regard to real estate in the Syariah Courts. The data of this study was based on primary sources such as statutes, practice directions, judgement of cases, interviews and secondary sources such as journal articles and books. Descriptive content analysis was used to analyze the data collected. This study found that the application of practice directions serves as guidelines for sulh officers and syarie judges to conduct their duties effectively. Despite this, by using content analysis of the case decided, it was found that practice directions in empowering sulh implementation needs to be improved to deal with current challenges, including legal and administrative issues. The implications of this study can help strengthen aspects of judgement and case management processes in the Malaysian Syariah Courts.
EVIDENCE AND PROSECUTION OF OUT-OF-WEDLOCK PREGNANCIES: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE OF SYARIAH CRIMINAL OFFENCES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Bahori Adibah , Mat Rashid Azizah , Yahya Mohamad Azhan , Saifuddin Suhaizad , Mat Salleh Mohd Kamel
Published: January 2023

The issue of illegitimate pregnancies is worrying and births out of wedlock are rampant in Malaysia. These concerns are not exclusive to Malaysia however, as typically, developing countries encounter similar problems. Workable data or statistics on adultery are nearly impossible to obtain as the perpetrator would be unlikely to plead guilty, unless there are reliable witnesses willing to testify and help the prosecution. However, data on out of wedlock pregnancies and illegitimate births in Malaysia are certainly considered essential indicators of acts of fornication. Apart from from the incidences of rape, acts of voluntary sexual intercourse also contribute to both pregnancies and the birth of illegitimate children. Against this backdrop, the prsent paper aims to analyse the relevant syariah criminal laws related to premarital pregnancies. The areas of interest are issues on the allocation of funds, nature of punishment, extent of prosecution, and incriminating evidence required under the Syariah Criminal Offences (SCO) Enactments of states in Malaysia. This study has adopted a qualitative method by obtaining data through analyses of documents pertaining to the Syariah Criminal Offences (SCO) Enactments of Malaysian states, books, and academic journals. This study finds that not all states have provisions for extramarital affairs. In fact, prosecutions in Syariah Courts for out of wedlock pregnancies are very fewcompared tothe number of illegitimate births. Inaddition, the existing provisions under the SCO are sufficient to handle cases of out of wedlock pregnancies and illegitimate births. In facing this reality, effective laws are obligatory, on top of the need to refine the existing provisions and develop the Islamic legal andjudicial system in Malaysia.
THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY INDETENTION CENTRES INMALAYSIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Ahmad Nadzriah , Krishnan@Jayabalan Sheela Jayabala , Nik Mat Azlina Wati , Wahab Suzaily
Published: January 2023

The spread of the Covid-19 virus that initially surfaced in China in late 2019 eventually emerged as a global pandemic which adversely affected the worldwide population, including Malaysia. Consequently, the Malaysian government implemented many social and public health measures to help control the spread of Covid-19 in the country. The Covid-19 pandemic affected every level of society in Malaysia, including children who are susceptible to being emotionally, psychologically, and mentally affected due to lockdown measures, school closures, and loss of employment suffered by family members. There is a gap in existing research concerning the impact of Covid-19 on children deprived of liberty in detention centres in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims to identify whether the legal framework in Malaysia adequately protects the rights of children deprived of liberty in detention centres, in line with the international legal framework. A qualitative research design was adopted to explore the issues surrounding the impact of Covid-19 on children in detention centres. Library-based research and semi-structured interviews were carried out with officers from detention centres and the Department of Social Welfare. This research demonstrates that soundpolicies and guidelines and the availability of fully trained staff are essential in meeting the emotional, physical, and mental needs of children in detention centres. This research is significant for policymakers to strengthen the current legal framework in order to afford better protection for children in detention centres, in line with the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development Policy (2021-2025) as well as the international legal framework.
MINORS AND THEIR INCAPACITY TO CONTRACT: A REVISIT
Authors: Che Hashim Rosmawani , Dusuki Farah Nini
Published: January 2023

Given the exposure to today's easy-to-know information, children should seemingly become mature faster than their predecessors, and therefore better informed even at a tender age. However, it remains to be seen whether fixingthe age of 18 forminors or children to enter into contracts is relevant. This paper focuses on contract law; it examines the age of majority and the legal implications of contracts entered into by minors. To a certain extent, this paper examines the issue by making comparisons between Malaysian and English law. The findings derived imply that the determination of the age of majority needs to be compatible with the capacity of minors and current realities. This determination must be premised on a fair balance between protecting minors' welfare and the interest of those who have attained the age of majority.
PEMBAYARAN NAFKAH ANAK MELALUI POTONGAN KUMPULAN WANG SIMPANAN PEKERJA: SUATU ALTERNATIF
Authors: Mat Hussin Mohd. Norhusairi , Fauzi Muhammad Farid Aizat
Published: January 2023

Nafkah anak merupakan suatu kefarduan yang wajib ditunaikan secara berterusan oleh bapa atau penjaga menurut hukum syarak dan undang-undang. Namun begitu, tidak dinafikan bahawa wujudnya pengabaian nafkah daripada pihak bapa kepada anak-anak disebabkan pelbagai faktor. Pengabaian nafkah ini menyebabkan kehidupan anak-anak terjejas dan tidak mendapat hak yang sepatutnya. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potongan Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja (KWSP) sebagai suatu alternatif untuk pembayaran nafkah anak di Mahkamah Syariah sekaligus mencadangkan potongan simpanan KWSP bapa sebagai salah satu mekanisma pembayaran nafkah. Data utama dalam kajian ini diperolehi melalui kajian perpustakaan dan juga kajian lapangan yang melibatkan temubual dengan Peguam Syarie bagi mendapatkan pandangan mereka berkenaan kaedah-kaedah pembayaran nafkah yang sedia ada serta keperluan pelaksanaan potongan KWSP sebagai kaedah alternatif. Metodologi yang digunakan ini boleh menyoroti potongan wang KWSP bagi tujuan nafkah dibuat melalui undang-undang seterusnya boleh mengesahkan kepentingan potongan wang KWSP bagi membela hak anak-anak untuk mendapatkan nafkah. Kajian ini penting khususnya kepada pihak kerajaan dan pembuat dasar di KWSP bagi meminda dasar yang sedia ada untuk membantu memelihara hak anak-anak daripada sikap culas bapa yang mencarum di KWSP.   ABSTRACT Child support is an obligation that must be fulfilled continuously by the father or the guardian according to the Syarak and common law. However, there is no denying that there is often the issue of neglect in the maintenance of child support from the father due to various factors. This neglect has certainly affected the lives of the children as they do not get the rights that they deserve. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the deduction from the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) as an alternative for the payment of child support in the Shariah Court. It is a proposal that the deduction of the father’s EPF savings can be one of the payment mechanisms for child support. The main data in this study was obtained through a library study and also a field study involving interviews with Sharie Counsel. The latter was carried out to obtain their views on the existing methods of payment for child support and the need to implement EPF deductions as an alternative method. The methodology used can highlight the deduction of EPF money for the purpose of child support made through the law. It will also further underscore the importance of the deduction of EPF money to protect the rights of children to obtain child support. This study is important to the government and policy makers as the amendment to the existing policy will go a long way to help protect the rights of children from the cavalier attitude of fathers toward payment for child support.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN IMPLEMENTING THE NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN INDONESIAN LOCAL REGULATIONS
Authors: Rauta Umbu , Kurnia Titon Slamet , Wauran Indirani
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze local regulations on the prevention and control of HIVIAIDS and their relevance to the implementation of national policies in Indonesia. More specifically, in light of the absence of a national law on the prevention and control of HIVIAIDS in Indonesia this study discusses the role of local regulation issued by local governments in response to this problem. This study has adopted the doctrinal legal study method and has examined legal materials from a library-based research. This study finds that the existing national policy on HIV/AIDS prevention and control is only substantially specified inthe Regulation of the Ministry of Health No. 21 of 2013, which has been issued to fill the lacunae in legislation on the matter at hand. The Ministerial Regulation has substantively applied the human rights approach to serve as the central government's response and an interpretive guideline for local governments in responding to HIVIAIDS prevention and control issues. The findings also pointed out that local governments are more responsive to the issue, their regulations have underscored the importance of health and human rights as the critical consideration in their policy regarding the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Practical recommendations are outlined for the central government to take serious measures to regulate the issues on HIVIAIDS prevention and control at the national level.
OMNIBUSLAW EMPLOYMENT CLUSTER: IS ITA FORM OF LABOR EXPWITATION IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT?
Authors: Sarjana I Made , Sudiarawan Kadek Agus , Medd Laura Antoinette , Raksita I Putu Bimbisara Wimuna , Hermanto Bagus
Published: January 2023

Omnibus legislation isthe crucial method used when enacting the Law on Job Creation and it is concerned with providing further protection for Indonesia workers.Ibis article aims to identify the new regulations pertaining to the Job Creation Law, especially in the Labor cluster. In addition, this article will also try to analyze the relevant labor cluster regulations of the Job Creation Law, paying special attention to the issue of legal protection for workers. This is normative legal research that has applied the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and factual approach. The findings of the research show that there are various changes related to labor issues in the Job Creation Law, including regulations related to foreign workers, work relations, working time, rest and leave time, wages, termination of employment, and severance pay.An analysis of the legal implication that arises from several indicators of change then shows that the characteristics of the Labor Cluster arrangement in the Job Creation Law are potentially detrimental to workers. Although several new regulations benefit workers in an industrial relationship, in general, the Job Creation Law, especially the Labor Cluster, still reflects the main orientation of its formation, namely to facilitate investment through the creation of a :flexible working relationship, causing uncertainty and the more marginalized status of workers. There is a need to ensure further certainty in the laws in order to ensure a broader protection for the status and rights of Indonesian workers.
REVISITING THE GEOGRAPIDCAL INDICATION REGIME IN BANGLADESH: TRIPS COMPATIBILITY AND PROSPECTIVE CHALLENGES
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Aktarul Alam , Fahim Md. Hasnath Kabir
Published: January 2023

In the domain ofintellectual property (IP), the Geographical Indication (GI) is deemed to be a sleeping beauty due to its imperial reverberation in consolidating cultural and economic values, particularly in the developing and least developed countries. Bangladesh, being rich in cultural diversities and traditions, has a number of world famous foodstuffs, handicrafts, agricultural products and cultural heritage that could qualify as geographical indications. In this context, the country introduced a sui generis method of GI protection with the promulgation of the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 2013, which was also monumental in discharging Bangladesh's obligation under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The present paper has :firstly chosen to examine the concept of the GI and its legal framework from the IP perspective in order to safeguard both the cultural legacy and genuine producers of geographically exhibiting products of Bangladesh. The key focus of this paper is, however, on the compatibility of TRIPS to Bangladeshi law, particularly inrelation to the aspects of protection and registration of Gls, and to identify the unexplored challenges that the country is supposed to confront as a developing nation. Finally, this article portrays some way-outs to combat potential challenges and help ensure the prospects of Bangladesh in an ever expanding local and global market of GI goods.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND
Authors: Khong Dennis Wye Keen , Mon Su Wai
Published: January 2023

Artificial intelligence technologies today employ techniques known as machine learning and deep learning, which apply datasets to a suitable mathematical or statistical technique known as an algorithm. This in turn produces a model that can be employed to predict an outcome, given a new set of data that was previously unseen by the model. The principle of common heritage of mankind, which has originated in the 19th century, promotes the concept that humanity as a whole has rights and responsibilities over territories or outer space. This study aims to advance the concept of treating the components of artificial intelligence as an intellectual common in the form of a common heritage of mankind, in order to promote the discovery and the development of more novel artificial intelligence applications for the benefit of people around the world. This work employs a mix of legal doctrinal research related to intellectual property law and conceptual theoretical discussion. The potential application of open access and open data licensing is discussed. The history of the common heritage of mankind is covered, and the potential benefit of recognizing basic artificial intelligence components as a common heritage of mankind is explored. Finally, a novel method for implementing this idea is proposed. This work is significant in advancing a method to liberate certain artificial intelligence technologies from intellectual property rights protection, in order to promote greater experimentation and the development of artificial intelligence applications for the greater good of humanity.
THE APPLICATION OF GOOD FAITH IN CONTRACTS DURING A FORCE MAJEURE EVENT AND BEYOND WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE COVID-19 ACT 2020
Authors: Abdullah Nurhidayah , Abd Ghadas Zuhairah Ariff
Published: January 2023

Many parties face difficulties in performing contracts due to the economic dislocation since the outbreak of COVID-19. The extraordinary nature of this pandemic situation calls for good faith in contractual settings. The discussion of this paper focuses on the imposition in a force majeure event which will cause many contracts to be unenforceable. The research method used doctrinal analysis to discuss the force majeure clause in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the obligation of good faith in contracts. This paper will discuss the COVID-19 pandemic as a force majeure event, arguing that the rise of "good faith" in contract law and the application of "good faith" in contracts as a mitigation for a force majeure event. The paper will then present its conclusion and recommendations. The findings highlight the significance of applying "good faith" in the event of force majeure and beyond as a mitigating factor in alleviating uncertainty and unfairness.
CONSENT IN A TRAFFICKING PARADIGM: EXPLORING THE CONFLATION BETWEEN SEX TRAFFICKING AND VOLUNTARY SEX WORK
Authors: Abdul Hamid Haezreena Begum
Published: January 2023

This article explores the notion of consent inthe trafficking paradigm and the conflation of voluntary sex work and sex trafficking in Malaysia. The article argues that because consent of a trafficked victim is irrelevant inthe context of international law, the authorities tend to conflate voluntary sex work with trafficked sex work. This obstructs a clear definition of trafficking and places women in precarious positions. The article also aims to evaluate the approaches in protecting victims through raids and rescue operations, shelter detention, andjudicial processes in the respective states in the country. The article will demonstrate that while women areuniquely positioned to be a part of the fight against sex trafficking through their access to information, their consent to be pa.rt of the process in tackling sex trafficking has been ignored, negated, and disregarded throughout the anti-trafficking regime. Such practices are seen as violating women' s fundamental rights and fosters distrust between trafficked women and the authorities. It also demonstrates the failure of the government in addressing human trafficking issues.
RETHINKING HIGHER EDUCATION SERVICES AND THE COMPLAINT HANDLING FRAMEWORK IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Omoola Sodiq , Kazeem Bakare Kayode , Ali Mohamed Ashgar Ali , Abdul Hak Nora , Wan Zahari Wan Mohd Zulhafiz , Ramalingam Chithra Latha
Published: January 2023

In the last few decades, Malaysia has become a global hub for higher education services. Policies and programs have been put in place to improve the higher education system in the country and attract more international students. This development needs to be aligned with an effective dispute resolution framework to ensure the continuous development of the Malaysian higher education sector. The methodology employed in this paper is a doctrinal method based on the nature of the discourse. To examine the relevant higher education concepts and dispute resolution framework, research papers pertinent to the subject were analysed. In addition, relevant legislations were consulted to determine the adequacy of the existing legal framework for dispute resolution in the higher education context in Malaysia. The main objective of this paper is to examine the nature of education services and the existing dispute resolution mechanisms in the Malaysian higher education sector. The paper will explore education services as either a "public good" or a "private good" and whether students are consumers in the real sense and have consumer rights. This research establishes that although scholars have often argued as to whether or not students are consumers, in Malaysia and other Asian countries, students are perceived as customers, and therefore, the interest, welfare and satisfaction of students must always be of utmost priority. A thorough study of the existing laws reveals that there is an inadequate provision in the education laws in Malaysia, especially regarding the mechanisms of dispute resolution in its higher education institutions.
EXECUTING WAR CAPTIVES BASED ON MASLAHAT: REFLECTING ON AND CONCLUDING THE CONTEMPORARY DEBATE
Authors: Muhammadin Fajri Matahati
Published: January 2023

The debate on whether war captives may be executed has been a debate among Islamic scholars since the classical era until today. Some say war captives may be executed based on maslahat, others say it is categorically impermissible. However, in recent decades, the debate on this matter has entered a new phase, with the opposing sides, i.e., permissible if maslahat is present versus the categorically impermissible, but with new arguments emerging aside from the reiteration of some classical arguments. Some of these new arguments are non-contextual, such as new conclusions derived from the known prophetic tradition (sunnah) and contextual arguments such asthe role of international law vis-a-vis Islamic law.Using the literature review as the research method this article has examined the contemporary debate and will consider both classical arguments, as well as current contextual arguments, in the light of the usu/ al-fiqh, and how international law (particularly international humanitarian law) should affect Islamic legal rulings. It is concluded that categorically prohibiting the execution of war captives is the weaker position as it relies on an incorrect interpretation of the dalil and its unrealistic application in warfare. It is also found that the position permitting captive execution if there is maslahat is, despite being often misunderstood, the stronger position, both interms of the dalil and its realistic application in warfare.
Journey of the Orthopaedics In Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Fakrul Amin
Published: January 2023

Abstract not available
J Dhaka Med Coll. 2021; 30(2) : 129-130
Prognosis of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Injury in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Goni Mohammad Osman , Alam Md Kamrul , Hossain Mosharraf , Das Debasish , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Mahmud Hossain Al
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Diaphragmatic injuries include wounds and diaphragmatic ruptures due to thoracoabdominal blunt or penetrating trauma. Their incidence ranges between 8 and 15%. The diagnosis is often delayed despite several medical imaging techniques. The mortality is mainly related associate Injury.
Aims: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognosis, after surgery of our patient with diaphragmatic injury.
Patients and methods: We performed a prospective study over a period of two years, between January 2018 December 2019, at the department of thoracic surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic injury were included in this study. Each patient operated because traumatic diaphragmatic injury was evaluated in respect of age, sex, nature of injury, preoperative examination findings, laboratory test results, imaging methods, time of diagnosis, operation findings, concomitant injures to other organs, operations performed, length of stay in hospital and development of postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Results: Over the study period, 22 cases of diaphragmatic injuries were included. The female was 4 and 18 was male. The mean age of male patients 29.2±12.1 and female 28±11.6 years. RTA with blunt trauma chest was 12, 6 was fall from height and 5 were stab injuries. The most common injuries concomitant to traumatic diaphragmatic rupture were a haemothorax, rib fracture, stomach, colon, liver and spleen. Three patients developed wound infection and two patients died.
Conclusion: In high energy blunt and penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma, diaphragmatic injures should be suspected. An emergency thoracotomy or laparotomy followed by reposition of abdominal organ and repair of the defect of the diaphragm is the gold standard for the management of these cases.
J Dhaka Med Coll. 2021; 30(2) : 131-135
Role of Crp to Stratify Severity of Covid- 19 Infection: A Comparison With Chest Computed Tomography
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad Shayekh , Aslam Azmiree Binte , Sayem Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Background: COVID-19 is the pandemic disease causes severe acute respiratory infection. Tcell mediated responses are activated and responses are initiated by antigen presentation via DCs and macrophages. Immunologically SARS-CoV showed that virus infected lung epithelial cells produced IL-8 in addition to IL-6. A hyperinflammatory environment has been a hallmark of COVID 19 infection and is thought to be a key mediator of morbidity and mortality. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, can be used in the diagnosis of COVID pneumonia.
Purpose: To find out the role of CRP in COVID-19 Infection and comparison with Chest Computed Tomography.
Materials and method: This cross sectional prospective study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, among the 100 patients with symptomatic and positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. C-reactive protein (CRP) level was compared with HRCT findings. All the information collected in data collection sheet and analyzed using SPSS version-22.
Result: Mean age of the patient was 45.2 ± 8.5 years. Fever and cough was commonest presentation, 79.0% and 36.0% of patients respectively. It showed, 27.0% cases were found to have raised CRP where 73.0% had normal level with mean value 14.1 mg/L. Chest HRCT imaging finding revealed, 44% patients had 26–50% lung involvement and 16 patients had 51–75% involvement. In maximum patients (57.0%), chest CT showed single or multiple GGO. HRCT score was significantly higher in patients with raised CRP, and a significant positive significant correlation (r=0.941; p=0.001) between the HRCT scores and CRP level.
Conclusion: The rising CRP can aid in predicting COVID-19 pneumonia and significantly correlates with percentage of lung involvement on HRCT in COVID-19 pneumonia.
J Dhaka Med Coll. 2021; 30(2) : 136-141
Association of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Begum Afroza , Morshed Md Shahed , Banu Hurjahan , Zamila Begum Moriom , Shah Sukanti , Hasanat MA
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study is aimed to see the level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and its association with manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year (January 2017 to December 2018) in the department of Endocrinology of a University hospital.
Participants: Fifty-five PCOS patients diagnosed on basis of revised Rotterdam diagnostic criteria 2003 and 50 age-matched healthy controls [PCOS vs. Control- BMI (kg/m2): 25.47±4.65 vs. 20.68±3.51, p<0.001].
Main outcome measures: hs-CRP level, manifestations of PCOS
Methods: After relevant history and physical examinations, blood was taken in fasting state during follicular phase of menstrual cycle to measure total testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and hs-CRP. Hormones were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immuno-assay and hs-CRP by nephelometric technique.
Results: hs-CRP (mg/L) was found significantly higher in PCOS patients [1.67 (0.69, 2.54) vs. 0.94 (0.30, 1.42), p=0.006] even after adjustment for age and BMI [OR (95% CI): 1.585 (1.093, 2.299), p=0.015]. Also hs-CRP status (>5 mg/L) was found significantly higher in them than that of controls; but only in non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m2) participants [7.27% vs. 0.0%, p=0.018]. hs- CRP showed no significant correlation and predictive association with any of the manifestations of PCOS including age, BMI, waist circumference, TT and LH/FSH ratio [p=NS for all]
Conclusions: Patients with PCOS had significantly higher hs-CRP level and high hs-CRP status without any significant association with its manifestations.
J Dhaka Med Coll. 2021; 30(2) : 142-148
Extent of Prescribing Antibiotics And Corticosteroids on COVID-19 Admitted Patients Into a Corona Dedicated Hospital In Khulna
Authors: Islam Baishakhi , Bhuiyan Mohammad Monzurul Alam , Yesmin Mst Shaila , Islam Raihana , Rahman Tasnim , Khanam Mahfuja , Akhter Shamima , Jannat Tamanna
Published: January 2023

Background: Majority of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 receive antibiotics and corticosteroids though its role has not yet been adequately defined. Inappropriate use of antibiotics despite bacterial co-infections may lead to global antibiotic resistance.
Aim and objectives: We aim to assess the using pattern of antibiotics and corticosteroids in different clinical categories of COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital.
Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study where 345 clinically diagnosed COVID 19 patients having coexisting diseases of both sexes with different age group received antibiotics and corticosteroids were included. Patients’ demographic profile, treatment plan were obtained using a specially designed form. All data were compiled in Microsoft excel spreadsheet and results expressed in total number and percentage.
Results: Out of total 345 patients, male (53.62%) and female patients (46.37%) of age group between 41 to 60 years (42.89%) of different categories; mild (28.40%), moderate ((39.42%), severe (24.63%), critical (7.53%) cases were enrolled in this study. Moxifloxacin followed by ceftriaxon was most commonly prescribed antibiotic in all clinical groups with higher percentages. Other antibiotic includes meropenem, amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid, piperacillin+tazobactam, linezolid also prescribed in higher rate. Among systemic corticosteroids, dexamethasone followed by methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone was prescribed invariably with higher percentages.
Conclusion: With the rapid increase in the rate of infection, purposeful use of antibiotic and corticosteroid might be considered as a better treatment option to fight against COVID 19 patients.
J Dhaka Med Coll. 2021; 30(2) : 149-155