bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O reflexo da inteligência coletiva nas organizações
Authors: Passos Ketry Gorete Farias dos , Silva Edna Lúcia da
Published: April 2013

As novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação possibilitaram o compartilhamento das informações de maneira rápida e eficaz. Da mesma forma, as organizações têm se apropriado das novas tecnologias para comunicar e disseminar informações. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre como a Web 2.0 pode empoderar as organizações na sociedade em rede. Para isso, utilizou-se de uma revisão de literatura de caráter exploratório na qual foram abordados conceitos como inteligência coletiva, importância da sociedade em redes para as organizações, Web 2.0 e Empresa 2.0. Concluiu-se que as organizações estão se conscientizando cada vez mais do potencial da Web 2.0, não somente para divulgar produtos, mas também como um espaço para a troca de conhecimento, aprimoramento de serviços, bem como para solução de problemas. Assim as empresas que atuam em redes conseguem superar melhor suas limitações com auxílio de seus colaboradores e clientes por meio da inteligência coletiva.
Contribuição ao campo de usuários da informação: em busca dos paradoxos das práticas informacionais
Authors: Pinto Flávia Virgínia Melo , Araújo Carlos Alberto Ávila
Published: April 2013

Pretende-se debater as concepções teórico-metodológicas dos estudos de usuários da informação, criticamente, considerando a historicidade, a totalidade e as contradições da sociedade capitalista como constituidoras das práticas infor-macionais dos sujeitos. As atuais abordagens de estudos de usuários da informação, tradicionais e alternativas, mostram-se limitadas por não abarcarem a complexidade dos aspectos que formam os sujeitos e a sua constituição social. Des-consideram a dimensão histórico-social da ação humana, focando somente a ação individual. Entende-se que, para com-preender as práticas informacionais dos sujeitos, é necessário situá-las historicamente, considerando-se que a subjetividade não está descolada da estrutura social. Para a construção de um método ou de uma forma de olhar crítica, sugere-se a adoção de categorias de análise desenvolvidas por Pierre Bourdieu. Apresentam-se as categorias habitus, campo social e capital simbólico para tentar compreender as práticas informacionais construídas no cruzamento entre as relações sociais baseadas na exploração de uma classe sobre outra (e de dominação de um grupo sobre outro) e compreender também a percepção subjetiva dos indivíduos.
Teste de caminhada de seis minutos em pediatria: relação entre desempenho e parâmetros antropométricos
Authors: Okuro Renata Tiemi , Schivinski Camila Isabel Santos
Published: April 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Diferenças antropométricas podem influenciar o desempenho no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). OBJETIVO: Analisar publicações referentes ao TC6 realizado em crianças e adolescentes e identificar a influência de parâmetros antropométricos no desempenho do teste. MATERAIS E MÉTODOS: Pesquisa nas bases de dados eletrônicas SciELO e MEDLINE, utilizando as palavras-chave: six-minute walk test, children, adolescents, anthropometric measures/variables, growth e exercise tolerance, na busca de estudos envolvendo TC6 em crianças e adolescentes, que apresentem correlação entre dados antropométricos e variáveis do teste. Foram identificados 45 trabalhos relacionados à busca e, após análise dos títulos, resumos e artigos na íntegra, foram incluídos 13 estudos compatíveis com o tema proposto. RESULTADOS: O material elencado aborda o TC6 e sua aplicação em diferentes situações: análise de reprodutibilidade, correlação com teste cardiopulmonar máximo, indicação em diferentes doenças, valores de referência em saudáveis, parâmetro de efeito de programas de prevenção/reabilitação. Muitos trabalhos relacionam a distância percorrida no TC6 com idade e sexo, bem como com variáveis antropométricas, evidenciando frequente correlação com altura, além de idade, peso e índice de massa corporal. Outros dados como comprimento e força de membros inferiores, porcentagem de massas gorda/magra e força muscular respiratória, relacionados às mudanças do período de desenvolvimento infanto-juvenil, também parecem influenciar no desempenho do teste. CONCLUSÃO: Estudos indicam forte influência entre variáveis antropométricas e distância percorrida no TC6 em crianças e adolescentes, e a necessidade de que se esclareça essa associação para que não haja comprometimento do desfecho de estudos e de terapêuticas.
Characterization of surface fish-eye casting defect
Authors: Rosário Adriano Murilo , Hupalo Marcio Ferreira
Published: April 2013

Fish-eye defects are usually observed in the surface of ductile iron casting. Their formation mechanism is not fully understood and very little has been published concerning the subject. This paper investigates the sleeve material effect on fish-eye defect formation in ductile cast irons. Unburnt exothermic and insulating sleeves with different fluorine concentrations have been crushed and mixed in with green sand. These mixtures have been used as facing sands for the casting molds. The morphological and chemical characterization of the fish-eye defects have been performed by light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Experimental results suggest that surface fish-eye defects on ductile cast irons are caused by the buildup of fluorine-containing sleeve materials in the molding sand.
Implante profilático e temporário de filtro de veia cava inferior no trauma
Authors: Oliveira Fábio Augusto Cypreste , Amorelli Carlos Eduardo de Sousa , Campedelli Fábio Lemos , Barreto Juliana Caetano , Barreto Mariana Caetano , Silva Philippe Moreira da , Meirelles Fernanda Lauar Sampaio
Published: April 2013

O tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) é importante causa de óbito no trauma e esse, na maioria das vezes, contraindica a principal farmacoterapia na prevenção e no tratamento do TEP: a anticoagulação. Relatamos um caso de paciente politraumatizado, com risco elevado de embolia pulmonar, submetido ao implante preventivo e temporário de filtro de veia cava inferior (FVC).
Concepções de profissionais da estratégia saúde da família sobre saúde mental
Authors: Veloso Tatiana Maria Coelho , Souza Maria Conceição Bernardo de Mello e
Published: April 2013

A pesquisa objetivou analisar as concepções dos profissionais de uma equipe de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) acerca do que entendem por saúde mental. Estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 16 profissionais de uma equipe de ESF do município de Guaiúba, CE. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2011, por meio do grupo focal no qual os diálogos foram audiogravados e transcritos. Após, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, na qual emergiram as categorias: "Falando de saúde mental x Pensando em transtorno mental" e "Compreendendo a saúde mental de forma ampliada". Constatou-se que alguns profissionais revelam ter concepções restritas, centradas no transtorno mental, e outros entendem saúde mental de forma mais ampliada, reconhecendo a dinamicidade do processo saúde-doença mental, com a identificação de aspectos que influenciam na saúde mental das pessoas.
Grau de dependência de idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência
Authors: Marinho Lara Mota , Vieira Maria Aparecida , Costa Simone de Melo , Andrade João Marcus Oliveira
Published: April 2013

Este estudo objetivou identificar o grau de dependência dos idosos institucionalizados no município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, realizado nas três Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos, de caráter filantrópico, no município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Participaram todo o universo de idosos residentes nos locais do estudo, totalizando 125 sujeitos, cujos dados foram coletados por meio do Índice de Katz. Os dados foram apresentados por análise descritiva e bivariada. A independência foi observada em 41,6% (n=52), a dependência parcial em 15,2% (n=19) e a dependência total em 43,2% (n=54), sendo que os idosos apresentam melhor capacidade de execução das atividades de alimentação (86,4%; n=108) e transferência (67,2%; n=84). Assim, o presente estudo sugere a necessidade de acompanhamento contínuo na prevenção da incapacidade funcional desse grupo populacional.
Programa de pós-graduação em enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria: trajetória e resultados
Authors: Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , Ribeiro Aline Cammarano , Guido Laura de Azevedo
Published: April 2013

Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório, em base documental, tendo como objetivo relatar a história e trajetória do Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (PPGENF) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, de acordo com o panorama nacional. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de consultas a diferentes sites na internet e secretaria do PPGENF. O programa foi criado em 2006, sendo que, no primeiro triênio, houve uma ampliação no número de vagas e candidatos, e a concentração das publicações ocorreu nos Qualis B1 e A2. Foram desenvolvidas ações, como rodas de conversa, seminários, jornadas e workshops, direcionadas ao fortalecimento do programa para a integração de docentes/discentes, acadêmicos e profissionais de Enfermagem. Este programa está contribuindo para a expansão e o fortalecimento da Enfermagem no Rio Grande do Sul, na medida em que seus egressos estão inseridos em instituições de ensino superior, em doutoramento ou, ainda, em instituições de saúde públicas e privadas.
Significado do processo morte/morrer para os acadêmicos ingressantes no curso de enfermagem
Authors: Benedetti Gabriella Michel dos Santos , Oliveira Kézia de , Oliveira William Tiago de , Sales Catarina Aparecida , Ferreira Patrícia Chatalov
Published: April 2013

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, embasada na fenomenologia existencial heideggeriana, com o objetivo de desvelar o significado do processo morte/morrer para acadêmicos ingressantes no curso de enfermagem, realizada numa universidade pública do Noroeste do Paraná, Brasil, entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2010, quando se entrevistaram 33 graduandos do primeiro ano do curso de enfermagem. Da análise fenomenológica, emergiram as seguintes temáticas existenciais: "Entendendo a morte como um processo difícil de ser compreendido"; "Compreendendo a morte como um processo natural"; "Vislumbrando a morte como uma passagem para outra vida". Por este estudo, compreendeu-se que o saber e a morte estão enredados na temporalidade e historicidade de cada ser, sendo necessária uma compreensão científica, filosófica e ética do fenômeno morte/morrer para que o acadêmico possa se preparar para o cuidado humanizado ao doente e sua família.
Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP: algas, 29: Euglenophyceae (família Peranemaceae)
Authors: Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos
Published: April 2013

Levantamento florístico dos representantes da família Peranemaceae (Euglenophyceae) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brasil. Seis gêneros (Dinematomonas, Entosiphon, Heteronema, Parmidium, Peranema e Urceolus) e 36 espécies, mas nenhuma variedade ou forma taxonômica que não sejam as típicas de suas respectivas espécies e variedades foram identificadas. Uma espécie, Entosiphon skvortzovii C. Bicudo, foi descrita como nova para a Ciência. O gênero representado pelo maior número de espécies foi Entosiphon, com 22. Seguem-no Parmidium com nove, Heteronema com duas e Dinematomonas, Peranema e Urceolus, cada um com uma espécie apenas. Todas as espécies foram coletadas, cada uma, em uma única localidade.
Verticillate Cladonia species (Lichenized Ascomycota) from high-altitude environments of Serra do Mar in Southern Brazil
Authors: Charnei Ana Marcia , Eliasaro Sionara
Published: April 2013

In a survey of the species of Cladonia occurring in high-altitude environments of Serra do Mar in Southern Brazil, eight species with verticillate podetia were found. Cladonia clathrata and C. imperialis are new records for the Southern Brazil; C. flagellaris, C. penicillata, and C. verticillaris are new for the State of Santa Catarina; C. calycanthoides and C. rappii are new for the State of Paraná. Detailed descriptions, an identification key, illustrations, and taxonomical remarks are provided.
Impact of a Home-Based Walking Intervention on Outcomes of Sleep Quality, Emotional Distress, and Fatigue in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Solid Tumors
Authors: Wenzel Jennifer A. , Griffith Kathleen A. , Shang JingJing , Thompson Carol B. , Hedlin Haley , Stewart Kerry J. , DeWeese Theodore , Mock Victoria
Published: April 2013

Learning Objectives

Describe the benefits and limited risks of a low-cost, home-based exercise program. Impart to patients information on an easily implemented, sustainable, at-home exercise intervention.

Purpose.

Exercise use among patients with cancer has been shown to have many benefits and few notable risks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a home-based walking intervention during cancer treatment on sleep quality, emotional distress, and fatigue.

Methods.

A total of 138 patients with prostate (55.6%), breast (32.5%), and other solid tumors (11.9%) were randomized to a home-based walking intervention or usual care. Exercise dose was assessed using a five-item subscale of the Cooper Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study Physical Activity Questionnaire. Primary outcomes of sleep quality, distress, and fatigue were compared between the two study arms.

Results.

The exercise group (n = 68) reported more vigor (p = .03) than control group participants (n = 58). In dose response models, greater participation in aerobic exercise was associated with 11% less fatigue (p < .001), 7.5% more vigor (p = .001), and 3% less emotional distress (p = .03), after controlling for intervention group assignment, age, and baseline exercise and fatigue levels.

Conclusion.

Patients who exercised during cancer treatment experienced less emotional distress than those who were less active. Increasing exercise was also associated with less fatigue and more vigor. Home-based walking is a simple, sustainable strategy that may be helpful in improving a number of symptoms encountered by patients undergoing active treatment for cancer.
Long-Term Risk Perceptions of Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Ruddy Kathryn J. , Meyer Meghan E. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Emmons Karen M. , Weeks Jane C. , Winer Eric P. , Partridge Ann H.
Published: April 2013

Learning Objectives

Identify predictors of excessive risk perception in women with a distant history of DCIS. Explain the importance of educating women with a history of DCIS about reasonable assessments of their risk for future breast cancer.

Introduction.

Previous research has demonstrated that many women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) overestimate their risk for future breast cancer at the time of diagnosis and soon thereafter. This study aims to evaluate risk perceptions after 5 years.

Patients and Methods.

In a longitudinal cohort study, we mailed long-term follow-up surveys to 315 women who had previously responded to a survey 18 months after they were diagnosed with DCIS, excluding those who had experienced recurrence and those not treated at our institution. We evaluated risk perceptions with items used previously in the cohort.

Results.

One hundred ninety-three women (61%) responded. The median time since diagnosis was 5.9 years. We excluded 12 because of recurrence. Of the 181 remaining, 32% perceived at least a moderate 5-year risk for developing DCIS again, 43% perceived at least a moderate lifetime risk for developing DCIS again, 27% perceived at least a moderate 5-year risk for invasive breast cancer, 38% perceived at least a moderate lifetime risk for invasive breast cancer, and 24% perceived at least a moderate risk for DCIS spreading to other body parts. In a multivariate model, worse financial status and higher perceived risk in the previous survey were the only predictors of at least a moderate perception of risk for DCIS spreading.

Conclusion.

Women with a history of DCIS continue to harbor inaccurate perceptions of their risk for future breast cancer events even 5 years after diagnosis.
Evaluation of peat strength for stability assessments
Authors: Boylan Noel , Long Michael
Published: April 2013

In this paper guidance is given for the assessment of peat strength for stability assessments based on laboratory undrained simple shear tests. When considering the stability of peat, these tests will yield a conservative estimation of the in situ strength of the peat mass. The study was motivated by recent interest in renewable energy developments in upland peat areas. The results of more than 111 simple shear tests from 16 sites in Ireland, Scotland and the Netherlands were studied. It was found that the strength of peat is strongly influenced by its stress history, and also varies as a function of the water content and degree of decomposition (fibre content). The normally consolidated normalised strength ratio ( [Formula: see text]) from simple shear tests of peat was found to be approximately 0·4, which is towards the lower bound of previously published data for peat. Comparisons of strengths derived from simple shear and field vane tests showed that the ratio of the strength derived from the two tests was influenced by the degree of decomposition, and that previously published correction factors for field vane strengths are inappropriate. Guidance is given for engineers working on future schemes on upland peat areas.
Pharmaceuticals suppress algal growth and microbial respiration and alter bacterial communities in stream biofilms
Authors: Rosi-Marshall Emma J. , Kincaid Dustin W. , Bechtold Heather A. , Royer Todd V. , Rojas Miguel , Kelly John J.
Published: April 2013

Pharmaceutical and personal care products are ubiquitous in surface waters but their effects on aquatic biofilms and associated ecosystem properties are not well understood. We measured in situ responses of stream biofilms to six common pharmaceutical compounds (caffeine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine, metformin, ranitidine, and a mixture of each) by deploying pharmaceutical‐diffusing substrates in streams in Indiana, Maryland, and New York. Results were consistent across seasons and geographic locations. On average, algal biomass was suppressed by 22%, 4%, 22%, and 18% relative to controls by caffeine, ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine, and the mixed treatment, respectively. Biofilm respiration was significantly suppressed by caffeine (53%), cimetidine (51%), ciprofloxacin (91%), diphenhydramine (63%), and the mixed treatment (40%). In autumn in New York, photosynthesis was also significantly suppressed by diphenhydramine (99%) and the mixed treatment (88%). Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes was used to examine the effects of caffeine and diphenhydramine on biofilm bacterial community composition at the three sites. Relative to the controls, diphenhydramine exposure significantly altered bacterial community composition and resulted in significant relative increases in Pseudomonas sp. and decreases in Flavobacterium sp. in all three streams. These ubiquitous pharmaceuticals, alone or in combination, influenced stream biofilms, which could have consequences for higher trophic levels and important ecosystem processes.
Inferential consequences of modeling rather than measuring snow accumulation in studies of animal ecology
Authors: Brennan Angela , Cross Paul C. , Higgs Megan , Beckmann Jon P. , Klaver Robert W. , Scurlock Brandon M. , Creel Scott
Published: April 2013

It is increasingly common for studies of animal ecology to use model‐based predictions of environmental variables as explanatory or predictor variables, even though model prediction uncertainty is typically unknown. To demonstrate the potential for misleading inferences when model predictions with error are used in place of direct measurements, we compared snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth as predicted by the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) to field measurements of SWE and snow depth. We examined locations on elk (Cervus canadensis) winter ranges in western Wyoming, because modeled data such as SNODAS output are often used for inferences on elk ecology. Overall, SNODAS predictions tended to overestimate field measurements, prediction uncertainty was high, and the difference between SNODAS predictions and field measurements was greater in snow shadows for both snow variables compared to non‐snow shadow areas. We used a simple simulation of snow effects on the probability of an elk being killed by a predator to show that, if SNODAS prediction uncertainty was ignored, we might have mistakenly concluded that SWE was not an important factor in where elk were killed in predatory attacks during the winter. In this simulation, we were interested in the effects of snow at finer scales (<1 km2) than the resolution of SNODAS. If bias were to decrease when SNODAS predictions are averaged over coarser scales, SNODAS would be applicable to population‐level ecology studies. In our study, however, averaging predictions over moderate to broad spatial scales (9–2200 km2) did not reduce the differences between SNODAS predictions and field measurements. This study highlights the need to carefully evaluate two issues when using model output as an explanatory variable in subsequent analysis: (1) the model's resolution relative to the scale of the ecological question of interest and (2) the implications of prediction uncertainty on inferences when using model predictions as explanatory or predictor variables.
Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling of dynamic effects on two-phase flow in homogenous porous media
Authors: Hanspal Navraj S. , Allison Babatunde A. , Deka Lipika , Das Diganta B.
Published: April 2013

The dynamic effect in two-phase flow in porous media indicated by a dynamic coefficient τ depends on a number of factors (e.g. medium and fluid properties). Varying these parameters parametrically in mathematical models to compute τ incurs significant time and computational costs. To circumvent this issue, we present an artificial neural network (ANN)-based technique for predicting τ over a range of physical parameters of porous media and fluid that affect the flow. The data employed for training the ANN algorithm have been acquired from previous modeling studies. It is observed that ANN modeling can appropriately characterize the relationship between the changes in the media and fluid properties, thereby ensuring a reliable prediction of the dynamic coefficient as a function of water saturation. Our results indicate that a double-hidden-layer ANN network performs better in comparison to the single-hidden-layer ANN models for the majority of the performance tests carried out. While single-hidden-layer ANN models can reliably predict complex dynamic coefficients (e.g. water saturation relationships) at high water saturation content, the double-hidden-layer neural network model outperforms at low water saturation content. In all the cases, the single- and double-hidden-layer ANN models are better predictors in comparison to the regression models attempted in this work.
Tree-based fitted Q-iteration for multi-objective Markov decision processes in water resource management
Authors: Pianosi F. , Castelletti A. , Restelli M.
Published: April 2013

Multi-objective Markov decision processes (MOMDPs) provide an effective modeling framework for decision-making problems involving water systems. The traditional approach is to define many single-objective problems (resulting from different combinations of the objectives), each solvable by standard optimization. This paper presents an approach based on reinforcement learning (RL) that can learn the operating policies for all combinations of objectives in a single training process. The key idea is to enlarge the approximation of the action-value function, which is performed by single-objective RL over the state-action space, to the space of the objectives' weights. The batch-mode nature of the algorithm allows for enriching the training dataset without further interaction with the controlled system. The approach is demonstrated on a numerical test case study and evaluated on a real-world application, the Hoa Binh reservoir, Vietnam. Experimental results on the test case show that the proposed approach (multi-objective fitted Q-iteration; MOFQI) becomes computationally preferable over the repeated application of its single-objective version (fitted Q-iteration; FQI) when evaluating more than five weight combinations. In the Hoa Binh case study, the operating policies computed with MOFQI and FQI have comparable efficiency, while MOFQI provides a continuous approximation of the Pareto frontier with no additional computing costs.
Time-instant optimization for hybrid model predictive control of the Rhine–Meuse delta
Authors: van Ekeren H. , Negenborn R. R. , van Overloop P. J. , De Schutter B.
Published: April 2013

In order to ensure safety against high sea water levels, in many low-lying countries, water levels are maintained at certain safety levels, and dikes have been built, while large control structures have been installed that can also be adjusted dynamically after they have been constructed. Currently, these control structures are often operated purely locally, without coordination of actions being taken at different locations. Automatically coordinating these actions is difficult, as open water systems are complex, hybrid dynamical systems, in the sense that continuous dynamics (e.g. the evolution of the water levels) appear mixed with discrete events (e.g. the opening or closing of barriers). In low lands, this complexity is increased further due to bi-directional water flows resulting from backwater effects and interconnectivity of flows in different parts of river deltas. In this paper, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) approach that is aimed at automatically coordinating the actions of control structures. The hybrid dynamical nature of the water system is explicitly taken into account. In order to relieve the computational complexity involved in solving the MPC problem, we propose TIO-MPC, where TIO stands for time-instant optimization. Using this approach, the original MPC optimization problem that uses both continuous and integer variables is transformed into a problem involving only continuous variables. Simulation studies of current and future situations are used to illustrate the behavior of the proposed scheme.
Effects of bracket design on critical contact angle
Authors: Liu Xiaomo , Ding Peng , Lin Jiuxiang
Published: April 2013

Objective:

To explore how the position of the bracket slots relative to the archwire influences the friction between them, and how bracket design affects the critical contact angle (θc).

Materials and Methods:

Two kinds of stainless steel archwires (0.016 and 0.019 × 0.025-inch) were tested against four kinds of brackets (Transmission Straight Archwire bracket, Domestic MBT bracket, Tip-Edge Plus bracket, and BioQuick self-ligation bracket) in the dry state. Resistance to sliding (RS) was measured as an increase in contact angle (θ). The value of θc was calculated by two linear regression lines.

Results:

Friction remained stable when θ < θc, then increased linearly when θ > θc. The θc values of the Tip-Edge Plus bracket and Transmission Straight Archwire bracket were significantly larger than those for the Domestic MBT bracket and BioQuick self-ligation bracket.

Conclusions:

The relationship between the archwire and bracket slot significantly affects the resistance to sliding. The “edge-off” structure of the Tip-Edge Plus bracket and Transmission Straight Archwire bracket could help to increase the θc value, and to expand the passive configuration range.
Concentrations of Insulin Glargine and Its Metabolites During Long-Term Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Comparison of Effects of Insulin Glargine, Its Metabolites, IGF-I, and Human Insulin on Insulin and IGF-I Receptor Signaling
Authors: Varewijck Aimee J. , Yki-Järvinen Hannele , Schmidt Ronald , Tennagels Norbert , Janssen Joseph A.M.J.L.
Published: April 2013

We investigated 1) the ability of purified glargine (GLA), metabolites 1 (M1) and 2 (M2), IGF-I, and NPH insulin to activate the insulin receptor (IR)-A and IR-B and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in vitro; 2) plasma concentrations of GLA, M1, and M2 during long-term insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients; and 3) IR-A and IR-B activation in vitro induced by serum from patients treated with GLA or NPH insulin. A total of 104 patients (age 56.3 ± 0.8 years, BMI 31.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2, and A1C 9.1 ± 0.1% [mean ± SE]) were randomized to GLA or NPH insulin therapy for 36 weeks. Plasma concentrations of GLA, M1, and M2 were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay. IR-A, IR-B, and IGF-IR autophosphorylation was induced by purified hormones or serum by kinase receptor activation assays. In vitro, M1 induced comparable IR-A, IR-B, and IGF-IR autophosphorylation (activation) as NPH insulin. After 36 weeks, M1 increased from undetectable (<0.2 ng/mL) to 1.5 ng/mL (0.9–2.1), while GLA and M2 remained undetectable. GLA dose correlated with M1 (r = 0.84; P < 0.001). Serum from patients treated with GLA or NPH insulin induced similar IR-A and IR-B activation. These data suggest that M1 rather than GLA mediates GLA effects and that compared with NPH insulin, GLA does not increase IGF-IR signaling during long-term insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Composite vs Ceramic Computer-aided Design/Computer-assisted Manufacturing Crowns in Endodontically Treated Teeth: Analysis of Marginal Adaptation
Authors: Ramírez-Sebastià A , Bortolotto T , Roig M , Krejci I
Published: April 2013

Objectives

To compare the marginal adaptation between ceramic and composite CEREC crowns in endodontically treated teeth restored with endocrowns or with a short or a long post.

Methodology

Forty-eight intact maxillary incisors were used. After endodontic treatment, the crowns were sectioned 2 mm coronally to the cemento-enamel junction, which provided a ferrule of 2 mm. The prepared teeth were divided randomly into six groups (n=8). Group 1 was restored with a large fiberglass post, composite core, and ceramic full-coverage computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD-CAM) crown. Group 2 was restored with a short fiberglass post, composite core, and ceramic full-coverage CAD-CAM crown. Group 3 was restored with a large fiberglass post, composite core, and composite full-coverage CAD-CAM crown (LPCpr). Group 4 was restored with a short fiberglass post, composite core, and composite full-coverage CAD-CAM crown (SPCpr). Groups 5 and 6 were restored with ceramic and composite CEREC machined endocrowns, respectively (EndoCer and EndoCpr). The restored teeth were loaded thermomechanically in a computer-controlled chewing machine. Impressions of each restoration were made in a polyvinylsiloxane material before and after loading. Gold-coated epoxy replicas were prepared for scanning electron microscopy examination at 200× magnification.

Results

Loading had a statistically significant effect (p<0.05) on the percentage of “continuous margin” in all groups. The LPCpr, SPCpr, and EndoCpr groups showed the highest percentage of continuous margin initially and after loading. The effect of the different post lengths on marginal adaptation was not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion

CAD-CAM crowns fabricated from millable composite resin blocks (Paradigm MZ100) offer a superior option to all-ceramic crowns (IPS Empress CAD).
Evaluation of a Model for Predicting the Tidal Velocity in Fjord Entrances
Authors: Lalander Emilia , Thomassen Paul , Leijon Mats
Published: April 2013

Sufficiently accurate and low-cost estimation of tidal velocities is of importance when evaluating a potential site for a tidal energy farm. Here we suggest and evaluate a model to calculate the tidal velocity in fjord entrances. The model is compared with tidal velocities from Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements in the tidal channel Skarpsundet in Norway. The calculated velocity value from the model corresponded well with the measured cross-sectional average velocity, but was shown to underestimate the velocity in the centre of the channel. The effect of this was quantified by calculating the kinetic energy of the flow for a 14-day period. A numerical simulation using TELEMAC-2D was performed and validated with ADCP measurements. Velocity data from the simulation was used as input for calculating the kinetic energy at various locations in the channel. It was concluded that the model presented here is not accurate enough for assessing the tidal energy resource. However, the simplicity of the model was considered promising in the use of finding sites where further analyses can be made.
Plant High-Affinity Potassium (HKT) Transporters Involved in Salinity Tolerance: Structural Insights to Probe Differences in Ion Selectivity
Authors: Waters Shane , Gilliham Matthew , Hrmova Maria
Published: April 2013

High-affinity Potassium Transporters (HKTs) belong to an important class of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) that facilitate cation transport across the plasma membranes of plant cells. Some members of the HKT protein family have been shown to be critical for salinity tolerance in commercially important crop species, particularly in grains, through exclusion of Na+ ions from sensitive shoot tissues in plants. However, given the number of different HKT proteins expressed in plants, it is likely that different members of this protein family perform in a range of functions. Plant breeders and biotechnologists have attempted to manipulate HKT gene expression through genetic engineering and more conventional plant breeding methods to improve the salinity tolerance of commercially important crop plants. Successful manipulation of a biological trait is more likely to be effective after a thorough understanding of how the trait, genes and proteins are interconnected at the whole plant level. This article examines the current structural and functional knowledge relating to plant HKTs and how their structural features may explain their transport selectivity. We also highlight specific areas where new knowledge of plant HKT transporters is needed. Our goal is to present how knowledge of the structure of HKT proteins is helpful in understanding their function and how this understanding can be an invaluable experimental tool. As such, we assert that accurate structural information of plant IMPs will greatly inform functional studies and will lead to a deeper understanding of plant nutrition, signalling and stress tolerance, all of which represent factors that can be manipulated to improve agricultural productivity.
A Dual Role of Strigolactones in Phosphate Acquisition and Utilization in Plants
Authors: Czarnecki Olaf , Yang Jun , Weston David , Tuskan Gerald , Chen Jin-Gui
Published: April 2013

Phosphorus, acquired in the form of phosphate (Pi), is one of the primary macronutrients for plants but is least available in the soil. Pi deficiency is a major factor limiting plant growth, development and reproduction. Plants have developed a complex signaling network to respond to Pi deficiency. The recent discovery of strigolactones, a new class of plant hormones, has led to an emerging signaling module illustrating the integrated control of Pi acquisition, plant-microbe symbiotic interactions and plant architecture. This review article focuses on the recent findings of plant responses and roles of strigolactones to Pi deficiency.
Organized Silica Films Generated by Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly as Hosts for Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Andreou Ioanna , Amenitsch Heinz , Likodimos Vlassis , Falaras Polycarpos , Koutsoukos Petros , Leontidis Epameinondas
Published: April 2013

In this work, we prepared oriented mesoporous thin films of silica on various solid substrates using the pluronic block copolymer P123 as a template. We attempted to insert guest iron oxide (FexOy) nanoparticles into these films by two different methods: (a) by co-precipitation—where iron precursors are introduced in the synthesis sol before deposition of the silica film—and subsequent oxide production during the film calcination step; (b) by preparing and calcining the silica films first then impregnating them with the iron precursor, obtaining the iron oxide nanoparticles by a second calcination step. We have examined the structural effects of the guest nanoparticles on the silica film structures using grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GISAXS), high-resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (HRTEM), spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman microscopy. Formation of nanoparticles by co-precipitation may induce substantial changes in the film structure leading, in our adopted process, to the appearance of lamellar ordering in the calcination stage. On the contrary, impregnation-based approaches perturb the film structures much more weakly, but are also less efficient in filling the pores with nanoparticles.
Dietary Sources of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Carotenoids and Their Role in Eye Health
Authors: Abdel-Aal El-Sayed , Akhtar Humayoun , Zaheer Khalid , Ali Rashida
Published: April 2013

The eye is a major sensory organ that requires special care for a healthy and productive lifestyle. Numerous studies have identified lutein and zeaxanthin to be essential components for eye health. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoid pigments that impart yellow or orange color to various common foods such as cantaloupe, pasta, corn, carrots, orange/yellow peppers, fish, salmon and eggs. Their role in human health, in particular the health of the eye, is well established from epidemiological, clinical and interventional studies. They constitute the main pigments found in the yellow spot of the human retina which protect the macula from damage by blue light, improve visual acuity and scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. They have also been linked with reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Research over the past decade has focused on the development of carotenoid-rich foods to boost their intake especially in the elderly population. The aim of this article is to review recent scientific evidences supporting the benefits of lutein and zexanthin in preventing the onset of two major age-related eye diseases with diets rich in these carotenoids. The review also lists major dietary sources of lutein and zeaxanthin and refers to newly developed foods, daily intake, bioavailability and physiological effects in relation to eye health. Examples of the newly developed high-lutein functional foods are also underlined.
Online Fabric Defect Inspection Using Smart Visual Sensors
Authors: Li Yundong , Ai Jingxuan , Sun Changqing
Published: April 2013

Fabric defect inspection is necessary and essential for quality control in the textile industry. Traditionally, fabric inspection to assure textile quality is done by humans, however, in the past years, researchers have paid attention to PC-based automatic inspection systems to improve the detection efficiency. This paper proposes a novel automatic inspection scheme for the warp knitting machine using smart visual sensors. The proposed system consists of multiple smart visual sensors and a controller. Each sensor can scan 800 mm width of web, and can work independently. The following are considered in dealing with broken-end defects caused by a single yarn: first, a smart visual sensor is composed of a powerful DSP processor and a 2-megapixel high definition image sensor. Second, a wavelet transform is used to decompose fabric images, and an improved direct thresholding method based on high frequency coefficients is proposed. Third, a proper template is chosen in a mathematical morphology filter to remove noise. Fourth, a defect detection algorithm is optimized to meet real-time demands. The proposed scheme has been running for six months on a warp knitting machine in a textile factory. The actual operation shows that the system is effective, and its detection rate reaches 98%.
Photonic Crystal Sensors Based on Porous Silicon
Authors: Pacholski Claudia
Published: April 2013

Porous silicon has been established as an excellent sensing platform for the optical detection of hazardous chemicals and biomolecular interactions such as DNA hybridization, antigen/antibody binding, and enzymatic reactions. Its porous nature provides a high surface area within a small volume, which can be easily controlled by changing the pore sizes. As the porosity and consequently the refractive index of an etched porous silicon layer depends on the electrochemial etching conditions photonic crystals composed of multilayered porous silicon films with well-resolved and narrow optical reflectivity features can easily be obtained. The prominent optical response of the photonic crystal decreases the detection limit and therefore increases the sensitivity of porous silicon sensors in comparison to sensors utilizing Fabry-Pérot based optical transduction. Development of porous silicon photonic crystal sensors which allow for the detection of analytes by the naked eye using a simple color change or the fabrication of stacked porous silicon photonic crystals showing two distinct optical features which can be utilized for the discrimination of analytes emphasize its high application potential.
Polybiana
Authors: Pédech Paul
Published: April 2013

Dans Polyb. III. 2. 8, il faut conserver la leçon des mss. κατ Αἴγυπτον, modifiée à tort par Niebuhr en κατ' Αὶγαἴον. Polyb. XII. 4. 8, au lieu τὴν παλαιάν leçon des mss., et de τήν παραλίαν edd., on propose τὴν Γαλατίαν. Ecarter παρά τε toἴς Τυρρηνικοἴς καὶ Γαλάταις comme une glose.
L'exhortation au courage (θαρρειν) dans les Mystères
Authors: Joly Robert
Published: April 2013

Des textes du Phédon (63e-64a, 88b, 114d, 115e), du Ménon (86b) et des Mémorables (IV, 3,17) tendent à montrer que te verbe θαρρεῑν est un des mots-clés de la liturgie éleusinienne. Le texte de Xénophon ainsi interprété apporte son appui à la thèse d'une adhésion de Socrate aux croyances éleusiniennes.
Sur deux passages de Platon
Authors: Mugler Charles
Published: April 2013

I. Dans Parménide 137 E, il convient de lire à la place de έπίπροσθεν, trop vague dans une définition géométrique, le terme précis έπίιπροσθἑον, qui semble avoir figuré dans le texte étudié par Aristote et par Proclus. — II. Le texte de Τimée 43 C contient une explication : mobiliste » du terme αἴσθησις, dans le style des etymologies du Cratyle. La définition de la couleur, à la page 67C du Timée, devient intelligible si l'on y donne ce sens dynamique à αἴσθησις.
L'hexatonique grec d'après Nicomaque
Authors: Chailley Jacques
Published: April 2013

Les divers passages du traité de musique où Nicomaque de Gérase décrit l'ancien heplacorde qui aurait précédé l'octocorde diatonique classique n'ont pas été expliqués. Ils sont obscurs et parfois contradictoires. La conclusion du présent article est la suivante : Nicomaque, de son propre aveu, connaît deux traditions différentes et se réfère tantôt à l'une, tantôt à l'autre. D'après la première, l'heptacorde ancien est identique au système conjoint classique (mi à ré avec si bémol), d'où deux notes ajoutées : si bécarre entre si bémol et do. mi aigu pour compléter l'octave, le si bémol disparaissant du nouveau système disjoint. D'après la seconde, c'est une octave defective de mi à mi avec un degré manquant ; mais sur la détermination de ce degré, il y a encore flottement, car on peut comprendre tantôt do et tantôt si. bécarre. La conclusion est qu'il s'agit bien du si bécarre. L'ancien hexatonique grec serait donc mi- fa-sol-la-do-ré-mi, c'est- à-dire les 6 premiers produits du cycle régulier des quintes, ce qui est conforme à la fois aux principes pythagoriciens et aux récentes théories générales de l'ethno-musicologie et de la philologie musicale.
D'Éphèse à la Gaule, et de Stobi (Macédoine) à Claros.
Authors: Picard Charles
Published: April 2013

L'A. signale ce que peuvent apprendre de nouveau deux inscriptions grecques — qui ne sont pas inédites — , sur le prestige lointain des sanctuaires d'Éphèse et de Claros. Le premier texte, dont on doit la connaissance depuis peu à M. J. Keil, a trait aux voyages — de large amplitude — d'un notable Éphésien, chargé de multiples fonctions dans sa ville, et qui était allé en 213 de notre ère, « au bénéfice de sa patrie », dit-il, à l'un des sanctuaires occidentaux de l'Apollon Granios, peut-être jusqu'en Gaule. — Une inscription de Stobf révèle d'autre part que l'Apollon Clarios distribuait au loin des certificats de sainteté. Une prêtresse macédonienne de l'Artêmis Lochia, honorée à Stobi sur le vœu d'une descendante, avait obtenu une de ces attestations. Nouvelle preuve du souci de la pureté morale dans certains cultes païens antiques.
Sur quelques termes mycéniens relatifs au travail de l'ivoire, et notamment qe-qi-no-me-no et qe-qi-no-to
Authors: Chantraine Pierre , Dessenne André
Published: April 2013

Les tablettes de Pylos mentionnent une fois de l'ivoire brut, et souvent de l'ivoire travaillé utilisé pour orner des meubles. En ce dernier cas elles emploient plusieurs fois les expressions qeqinoto et qeqinomeno. Ces termes obscurs sont généralement traduits par « tourné ». Il serait plus naturel de comprendre « plaqué », « en plaque », et, en ce cas, on pourrait peut-être évoquer en grec πίναξ, etc..
Une signification tardive du mot πολιτεία
Authors: Papazoglou Fanoula
Published: April 2013

Sous l'influence du latin civilas le mot πολιτεία subit à l'époque romaine une évolution sémantique et finit par désigner le territoire municipal. Dans le sénatusconsulte de Stratonicée, de l'an 81 avant notre ère, πολιτεία a un sens équivalent à civitas. La signification de « territoire municipal », constatée par Preisigke en Egypte à partir du IVe siècle de notre ère, apparaît déjà dans l'inscription récemment trouvée à Kilkis en Macédoine, de l'époque d'Hadrien, et est particulièrement claire dans l'inscription bien connue de Scaptopara en Thrace, du IIIe siècle.
Sur la continuité de l'homme antique
Authors: Schaerer René
Published: April 2013

La culture antique est-elle continue ou discontinue ? Certains philologues d'aujourd'hui admettent une discontinuité radicale : aucun lien d'esprit ne relierait l'époque archaïque à celle du Ve siècle, et cette dernière à celle du IVe siècle ; Platon et Aristote auraient systématiquement déformé la pensée des philosophes antérieurs qu'ils commentent ; attribuer la liberté à l'homme d'Homère serait commettre un contresens. — Cette thèse n'est vraie qu'en surface. Elle témoigne d'un fétichisme de la variation historique démenti par les faits et ruineux pour l'interprétation des grandes œuvres. Elle conduit à vider l'homme antique de ce qu'il a d'essentiel et de profond. C'est dans la recherche des continuités authentiques que la philologie trouvera ses perspectives d'avenir.
L'élément dramatique dans le Prométhée enchaîné.
Authors: Trousson Raymond
Published: April 2013

On considère généralement que le ressort tragique du Prométhée enchaîné d'Eschyle consiste dans l'introduction du thème du secret de Prométhée. En réalité, cet élément ne devait servir qu'au Prométhée délivré, la structure dramatique du Desmolès reposant essentiellement sur l'évolution psychologique du personnage principal.
Les premières années du règne d'Antiochos III (223-219 av. J.-C.)
Authors: Will Édouard
Published: April 2013

L'auteur tente de montrer, sur la base d'un nouvel examen du texte de Polybe, que les usurpations de Molon et d'Achaios, qui font la matière principale de ces années, procèdent à l'origine de manifestations convergentes d'hostilité à la personne non du souverain, mais de son ministre Hermias.
Aeschines and the ruin of Phocis in 346
Authors: Cawkwell George L.
Published: April 2013

In his account of the proceedings of 13 to 16 Scirophorion 346 Demosthenes seriously misrepresented the role of Aeschines who, in fact, merely helped the Athenians to accept the inevitable consequences of Philip being already ἐν Πύλοας.