bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet search patterns reveal firearm sales, policies, and deaths
Authors: Brownstein John S. , Nahari Adam D. , Reis Ben Y.
Published: November 2020

Firearm-related violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and is at the center of a major public health and policy debate in the United States. Despite the critical role of data in informing this debate, accurate and comprehensive data on firearm sales and ownership is not readily available. In this study, we evaluate the potential of using firearm-related internet search queries as a complementary, freely available, and near-real-time data source for tracking firearm sales and ownership that enables analysis at finer geographic and temporal scales. (Here, we examine data by state and by month to compare with other data sources, but search engine volume can be analyzed by city and by the week or by day). We validate search query volume against available data on background checks in all 50 US states, and find that they are highly correlated over time (Pearson’s r = 0.96, Spearman’s ρ = 0.94) and space (Pearson’s r = 0.78, Spearman’s ρ = 0.76). We find that stratifying this analysis by gun type (long-gun vs. handgun) increases this correlation dramatically, across both time and space. We also find a positive association between firearm-related search query volume and firearm-related mortality (Pearson’s r = 0.87, Spearman’s ρ = 0.90), and a negative association with the strength of state-level firearm control policies (Pearson’s r = −0.82, Spearman’s ρ = −0.83). Based on these findings, we propose a framework for prospective surveillance that incorporates firearm-related internet search volume as a useful complementary data source to inform the public health policy debate on this issue.
Author Correction: Ensemble learning predicts multiple sclerosis disease course in the SUMMIT study
Authors: Zhao Yijun , Wang Tong , Bove Riley , Cree Bruce , Henry Roland , Lokhande Hrishikesh , Polgar-Turcsanyi Mariann , Anderson Mark , Bakshi Rohit , Weiner Howard L. , Chitnis Tanuja ,   SUMMIT Investigators
Published: November 2020

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00361-9.
Author Correction: Early detection and tracking of bulbar changes in ALS via frequent and remote speech analysis
Authors: Stegmann Gabriela M. , Hahn Shira , Liss Julie , Shefner Jeremy , Rutkove Seward , Shelton Kerisa , Duncan Cayla Jessica , Berisha Visar
Published: November 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00364-6.
Human Aurora kinase inhibitor Hesperadin reveals epistatic interaction between Plasmodium falciparum PfArk1 and PfNek1 kinases
Authors: Morahan Belinda J. , Abrie Clarissa , Al-Hasani Keith , Batty Mitchell B. , Corey Victoria , Cowell Anne N. , Niemand Jandeli , Winzeler Elizabeth A. , Birkholtz Lyn-Marie , Doerig Christian , Garcia-Bustos Jose F.
Published: November 2020

Mitosis has been validated by numerous anti-cancer drugs as being a druggable process, and selective inhibition of parasite proliferation provides an obvious opportunity for therapeutic intervention against malaria. Mitosis is controlled through the interplay between several protein kinases and phosphatases. We show here that inhibitors of human mitotic kinases belonging to the Aurora family inhibit P. falciparum proliferation in vitro with various potencies, and that a genetic selection for mutant parasites resistant to one of the drugs, Hesperadin, identifies a resistance mechanism mediated by a member of a different kinase family, PfNek1 (PF3D7_1228300). Intriguingly, loss of PfNek1 catalytic activity provides protection against drug action. This points to an undescribed functional interaction between Ark and Nek kinases and shows that existing inhibitors can be used to validate additional essential and druggable kinase functions in the parasite.
Fairy circles in Namibia are assembled from genetically distinct grasses
Authors: Kappel Christian , Illing Nicola , Huu Cuong Nguyen , Barger Nichole N. , Cramer Michael D. , Lenhard Michael , Midgley Jeremy J.
Published: November 2020

Fairy circles are striking regularly sized and spaced, bare circles surrounded by Stipagrostis grasses that occur over thousands of square kilometres in Namibia. The mechanisms explaining their origin, shape, persistence and regularity remain controversial. One hypothesis for the formation of vegetation rings is based on the centrifugal expansion of a single individual grass plant, via clonal growth and die-back in the centre. Clonality could explain FC origin, shape and long-term persistence as well as their regularity, if one clone competes with adjacent clones. Here, we show that for virtually all tested fairy circles the periphery is not exclusively made up of genetically identical grasses, but these peripheral grasses belong to more than one unrelated genet. These results do not support a clonal explanation for fairy circles. Lack of clonality implies that a biological reason for their origin, shape and regularity must emerge from competition between near neighbor individuals within each fairy circle. Such lack of clonality also suggests a mismatch between longevity of fairy circles versus their constituent plants. Furthermore, our findings of lack of clonality have implications for some models of spatial patterning of fairy circles that are based on self-organization.
Bacterial second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylate attracts Caenorhabditis elegans and suppresses its immunity
Authors: Angeloni Joseph , Dong Yuqing , Wang Zeneng , Cao Min
Published: November 2020

Cyclic di-nucleotides are important secondary signaling molecules in bacteria that regulate a wide range of processes. In this study, we found that Caenorhabditis elegans can detect and are attracted to multiple signal molecules produced by Vibrio cholerae, specifically the 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), even though this bacterium kills the host at a high rate. C-di-GMP is sensed through C. elegans olfactory AWC neurons, which then evokes a series of signal transduction pathways that lead to reduced activity of two key stress response transcription factors, SKN-1 and HSF-1, and weakened innate immunity. Taken together, our study elucidates the role of c-di-GMP in interkingdom communication. For C. elegans, bacterial c-di-GMP may serve as a cue that they can use to detect food. On the other hand, preexposure to low concentrations of c-di-GMP may impair their immune response, which could facilitate bacterial invasion and survival.
Ethanol and KOH co-pretreatment towards ultra-high specific surface area carbons for high-rate and high-energy supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Zheng , Xu Wangrui , Zhao Min , Yang Wei , Xia Juan , Zhou Zuoqin , Song Jiale , Sheng Liangquan , Wei Bing
Published: November 2020

Ultra-high specific surface area (SSA) carbons by ethanol and KOH co-pretreatment are obtained from the biomass-waste of pitaya peel.
Striking ligand-disproportionative Cl/aryl scrambling in a simple Au(iii) system. Solvent role, driving forces and mechanisms
Authors: Fernández-Moyano Sara , Peñas-Defrutos Marconi N. , Bartolomé Camino , Espinet Pablo
Published: November 2020

A striking and puzzling unreported Ar/Cl scrambling in Au(iii) turns out to have an interesting mechanistic explanation.
Deep eutectic solvent-catalyzed Meyer–Schuster rearrangement of propargylic alcohols under mild and bench reaction conditions
Authors: Ríos-Lombardía Nicolás , Cicco Luciana , Yamamoto Kota , Hernández-Fernández José A. , Morís Francisco , Capriati Vito , García-Álvarez Joaquín , González-Sabín Javier
Published: November 2020

Faster, milder, greener…better! The Meyer–Schuster rearrangement is disclosed for the first time in a deep eutectic solvent, namely FeCl3·6H2O/glycerol (3 : 1), enabling the reaction at room temperature, under air and with short reaction times.
A trinuclear salen–Al complex for copolymerization of epoxides and anhydride: mechanistic insight into a cocatalyst-free system
Authors: Duan Ranlong , Zhou Yanchuan , Huang Yuezhou , Sun Zhiqiang , Zhang Han , Pang Xuan , Chen Xuesi
Published: November 2020

A highly active trinuclear salen–Al complex was applied in the cocatalyst-free copolymerization of epoxides and anhydrides via intramolecular interaction.
Photo-Fries rearrangement in flow under aqueous micellar conditions
Authors: Chien Chia-Chen , Kao Shih-Chieh , Chen Chun-Jen , Wu Yen-Ku
Published: November 2020

A combination of an aqueous micellar medium and a flow reactor provides a green approach for refining the classic photo-Fries rearrangement.
Splitting of multiple hydrogen molecules by bioinspired diniobium metal complexes: a DFT study
Authors: Fantuzzi Felipe , Nascimento Marco Antonio Chaer , Ginovska Bojana , Bullock R. Morris , Raugei Simone
Published: November 2020

A novel organometallic platform for activation and splitting of multiple H2 molecules is investigated by quantum chemical calculations.
Correction: Influence of micro/nanobubbles on clogging in drip irrigation systems
Authors: Li Hao , Li Hong , Han Qibiao , Huang Xiuqiao , Jiang Yue , Sun Hao , Li Hui
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Influence of micro/nanobubbles on clogging in drip irrigation systems’ by Hao Li et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 38912–38922, DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07782h.
Toward on-board microchip synthesis of CdSe vs. PbSe nanocrystalline quantum dots as a spectral decoy for protecting space assets
Authors: Nijhuis Job , Tran Quy Don , Tran Nam Nghiep , Dinh Toan , Phan Hoang-Phuong , Nguyen Nam Trung , Tran Tung , Losic Dusan , Hessel Volker
Published: November 2020

Fabrication of the reaction chamber using silicon carbide. (A) A schematic sketch of the fabrication flow; (B) a photograph of a transparent 6 inch SiC-on-glass wafer; (C) the surface morphology of the SiC film.
Simulation study on the critical adsorption and diffusion of polymer chains on heterogeneous surfaces with random adsorption sites
Authors: Yang Qing-Hui , Qi Hang-Kai , Yang Xiao , Luo Meng-Bo
Published: November 2020

Critical adsorption, adsorption-induced structural transition, and sub-diffusion are observed for polymers on heterogeneous surfaces with randomly distributed adsorption sites.
The role of surface lattice defects of CeO2−δ nanoparticles as a scavenging redox catalyst in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Kumar Aniket , Hong Jaewoon , Yun Yejin , Bhardwaj Aman , Song Sun-Ju
Published: November 2020

Due to higher oxygen vacancy concentration and trivalent lattice cerium concentration , ceria (CeO2−δ) incorporated Nafion film shows better durability (4.2 times) than pure Nafion film.
Voltage bias stress effects in metal halide perovskites are strongly dependent on morphology and ion migration pathways
Authors: Flannery Laura , Ogle Jonathan , Powell Daniel , Tassone Christopher , Whittaker-Brooks Luisa
Published: November 2020

We determined how morphology, electronic and interfacial interactions affect perovskite PVs under voltage bias stress. Our findings provide insights into the discrepancies in the solar cell efficiencies observed across many different research groups.
Isomerization change and charge trap double mechanisms induced ternary data storage performance
Authors: Cao Huan , Zhang Qijian , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei
Published: November 2020

An azo-based small molecule (NACB) is designed with well-definite film crystallinity, and exhibits three different current states under a continuous electric field, which is owing to the cooperated isomerization change and charge trap mechanisms.
Porous fluorinated polyarylene ether nitrile as ultralow permittivity dielectrics used under humid environment
Authors: Wang Lingling , Bai Zhongxiang , Liu Chenchen , Wei Renbo , Liu Xiaobo
Published: November 2020

Porous FPEN films demonstrating ultralow permittivity, excellent mechanical property and durability under humid environment are efficiently fabricated through the delayed phase inversion approach.
Directional element for faulty feeder identification of high‐resistance fault in high‐surety power supply systems
Authors: Rouhani Roja , Sadeghkhani Iman , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: November 2020

The high‐surety power supply systems are gaining great attention to enhance the reliability of uninterruptable power supplies. A high‐resistance fault along a high‐surety power supply feeder results in a low fault current, making the conventional high‐surety power supply protection strategy ineffective. To address this problem, this paper develops a directional fault protection strategy for high‐resistance fault detection and faulty feeder identification. Using the intelligent electronic device, the feeder current is sampled and normalised. Then, the fault‐imposed component of the current signal is calculated. This component is added to the input of the forced Helmholtz oscillator to increase the sensitivity of the proposed protection scheme for the detection of high‐resistance faults. The output of the forced Helmholtz oscillator equation is adopted as the fault detection criterion because it is infinity for reverse faults while it is lower than 1 for forward faults, facilitating the fault detection. The developed strategy is local and can detect and classify both pole‐to‐ground and pole‐to‐pole high‐resistance faults. Also, it is effective for both unidirectional and bidirectional converters. The merits of the proposed protection strategy are demonstrated through several fault scenarios using a ±375 V high‐surety power supply system.
Dynamic performance improvement of isolated power system using intelligently controlled SMES
Authors: Zargar Mubashar Yaqoob , Mufti Mairaj ud Din , Lone Shameem Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Isolated power system comprising of wind, diesel and energy storage presents an effective economical approach for supplying power. Advanced and intelligent control techniques are required to improve the power dispatch between storage devices and wind‐diesel system especially during disturbances. This paper focuses on development of one step ahead adaptively controlled superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for smoothing the power fluctuations of a standalone wind‐diesel power system. Two sets of gate turn off (GTO) converters are utilized for obtaining a four quadrant operation of SMES system. System is represented by a third order autoregressive discrete time model. For estimating the system parameters online, recursive least square algorithm is used. System is considered as a two input two output system, where real and reactive powers demanded by SMES are the control signals issued by the controller. To restrict the energy trade within limits, constraints are imposed on the SMES current. Discrete time model of SMES is used for converting SMES current constraints into the energy level predictions and a separate model is then used for imposing the constraints. Scheme is tested for two disturbances and in both the cases, SMES current constraints are never violated while reducing the frequency and voltage deviations significantly.
Optimal power flow of MT‐HVDC system connected large offshore wind farms using mixed‐integer semi‐definite programming approach
Authors: Pathak Nikhil , Hu Zechun
Published: November 2020

Typically offshore wind farms are connected to the onshore AC grid networks using voltage source converter based MT‐HVDC networks. This article aims to formulating optimal power flow (OPF) problem of MT‐HVDC system connected large offshore wind farms using mixed‐integer semi‐definite programming approach. Both constant power and droop control modes of voltage source converter converters are considered in OPF formulation. Main objective of OPF is to minimize DC power losses and simultaneously optimizing droop gains of the converters. OPF problem is solved using SDP relaxation; while its exactness is discussed using graphical properties. It is found that MT‐HVDC system exhibit acyclic graph property which guarantees that SDP relaxation would give either rank‐1 or ‐2 solutions. For rank‐2 solutions, an iterative rank reduction algorithm is introduced to achieve rank‐1 solutions from which global optimal solutions could be recovered easily. The comparative analysis is also performed with previously employed optimization methods used to solve the OPF problem. Furthermore, steady state solutions obtained from the proposed OPF formulation are also cross‐verified using dynamic simulation studies of offshore wind farms connected MT‐HVDC networks.
Smart protection system for identification and localisation of faults in multi‐terminal DC microgrid
Authors: Chauhan Rajeev Kumar , Chauhan Kalpana
Published: November 2020

DC microgrid provides the horizontal infrastructures to integrate distributed generation (DG) and loads. Unlike traditional AC systems, DC systems cannot survive or sustain high magnitude fault currents. It makes locating faults very difficult. The conventional protection techniques completely de‐energies the DC link in the DC microgrid. A new protection scheme for multi‐terminal DC microgrid against line‐to‐line fault and the low resistance earth fault is presented in this study. The scheme isolates the faulted section from the DC microgrid. Healthy sections are operated without any disturbance and supply continuity is maintained in a ring main DC bus system. The current sensors are mounted at DC bus segments to monitor the entering and outgoing current at different nodes. Further, the current sensors are also mounted at both ends of service mains to monitor their current difference at both ends of the service mains. The controller detects this current difference and opens circuit breakers. To meet the requirement of fast interrupting time and high short‐circuit current withstanding capability, insulated‐gate bipolar transistors used as circuit breakers. The fault location scheme gives the fault location in various sections (service mains) and faults resistance in the microgrid. The proposed concepts have been verified by computer simulation.
Constraints on the astrophysical environment of binaries with gravitational-wave observations
Authors: Cardoso Vitor , Maselli Andrea
Published: November 2020

Aims. The dynamics of coalescing compact binaries can be affected by the environment in which the systems evolve, leaving detectable signatures in the emitted gravitational signal. In this paper, we investigate the ability of gravitational-wave detectors to constrain the nature of the environment in which compact binaries merge.

Methods. We parametrized a variety of environmental effects by modifying the phase of the gravitational signal emitted by black hole and neutron star binaries. We infer the bounds on such effects by current and future generations of interferometers, studying their dependence on the binary’s parameters.

Results. We show that the strong dephasing induced by accretion and dynamical friction can constrain the density of the surrounding medium to orders of magnitude below those of accretion disks. Planned detectors, such as LISA or DECIGO, will be able to probe densities typical of those of dark matter.
Strong Hαemission in the young planetary mass companion 2MASS J0249−0557 c
Authors: Chinchilla P. , Béjar V. J. S. , Lodieu N. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Gauza B.
Published: November 2020

Aims.Our objective is the optical and near-infrared spectroscopic characterisation of 2MASS J0249−0557 c, a recently discovered young planetary mass companion to theβPictoris (~25 Myr) member 2MASS J0249−0557.

Methods.Using the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy Hemisphere Survey and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) data, we independently identified the companion 2MASS J0249−0557 c. We also obtained low-resolution optical spectroscopy of this object using the Optical System for Imaging and low-intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy spectrograph at the Gran Telescopio Canarias, and near-infrared spectroscopy using the Son of Isaac spectrograph on the New Technology Telescope.

Results.We classified 2MASS J0249−0557 c with a spectral type of L2.5 ± 0.5 in the optical and L3 ± 1 in the near-infrared. We identified several spectroscopic indicators of youth both in the optical and in the near-infrared that are compatible with the age of theβPictoris moving group: strong absorption due to oxides, weak alkaline atomic lines, and a triangular shape of theH-band pseudo-continuum. We also detect a strong Hαemission, with a pseudo-equivalent width (pEW) of −90−40+20Å, which seems persistent at timescales from several days to a few years. This indicates strong chromospheric activity or disk accretion. Although many M-type brown dwarfs have strong Hαemission, this target is one of the very few L-type planetary mass objects in which this strong Hαemission has been detected. Lithium absorption at 6708 Å is observed with pEW ≲5 Å. We also computed the binding energy of 2MASS J0249−0557 c and obtained an (absolute) upper limit ofU= (−8.8 ± 4.4) × 1032J.

Conclusions.Similarly to other young brown dwarfs and isolated planetary mass objects, strong Hαemission due to accretion or chromospheric activity is also present in young planetary mass companions at ages of some dozen million years. We also found that 2MASS J0249−0557 c is one of the wide substellar companions with the lowest binding energy known to date.
Effects of magnetic field on freezing characters of carrot, potato and broccoli
Authors: Chen Aiqiang , Liu Yue , El Achkar Georges , Li Erlong , Zou Qifen , Liu Bin
Published: November 2020

In order to study the effects of magnetic field on the freezing characteristics of fruits and vegetables, carrot, potato and broccoli were frozen without and with a magnetic field of intensities 4.6 Gs, 9.2 Gs, 18 Gs and 36 Gs, while recording the temperature changes. The microstructure and temperature change of carrot during freezing were analyzed in detail. The results show that the magnetic field has effects on the freezing process of carrot strips, characterized by a reduction of the phase transition time and a characteristic diversity of the ice crystal formation zone. Crystallization characteristics are similar in the samples without and with a magnetic field of low intensities (4.6 Gs and 9.2 Gs), which show as a non-homogeneous phase transition process in the carrot sample, and the tissue changed showing a sunken, cell morphology variation and increased intercellular space. The freezing is almost homogeneous under a magnetic field of intensities 18 Gs and 36 Gs, then results in a slightly change of cell morphology. In addition, the effects of magnetic field on fruits and vegetables are varying with their species.
Insect ectoparasites from wild passerine birds in the Azores Islands
Authors: Oslejskova Lucie , Kounkova Sarka , Gustafsson Daniel R. , Resendes Roberto , Rodrigues Pedro , Literak Ivan , Sychra Oldrich
Published: November 2020

A total of 266 wild passerine birds (Passeriformes) representing eight species and nine subspecies from three islands of the Archipelago of the Azores were examined for ectoparasites. Two species of louse-flies Ornithomya avicularia and Ornithoica turdi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), three species of fleas Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus sp. and Dasypsyllus gallinulae (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), and 11 species of chewing lice belonging to the genera Menacanthus, Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), Ricinus (Phthiraptera: Ricinidae), Brueelia, Guimaraesiella, Philopterus, Sturnidoecus and Turdinirmus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) were recorded. At least one species of ectoparasite was found on 114 birds of six species. Guimaraesiella tovornikae and Myrsidea sylviae from Sylvia atricapilla are redescribed. Records of Ceratophyllus sp. and Sturnidoecus sp. from Turdus merula represent new parasite-host associations. Phoresy of Guimaraesiella amsel on Ornithoica turdi was also found. Parasitological parameters such as prevalence, intensity and abundance and geographic distribution of recorded ectoparasites are provided.
The Effect of Sikkomodo (Combination of Music, Humor, and Prayer) Formulation Toward Blood Pressure of Hypertension Patient on The Elderly Group in Banyumas Regency
Authors: Awaludin S , Sumeru A , Alivian G N , Novitasari D
Published: November 2020

Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Hence, it needs therapy. There are complementary therapies that can reduce high blood pressure. Music provides a relaxing effect so that blood vessel dilates and blood pressure drops. Humor therapy can provide a relaxation response and decrease blood pressure. Prayer therapy has a positive effect on body physiology that can lower blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of combination of music, humor, and prayertherapy on blood pressure. This study used true experiment pre and post control group design. The number of samples in this study were 131 respondents with primary hypertension on the elderly in Banyumas Regency. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Wilcoxon was used to test the difference of blood pressure before and after the intervention in one group, while the difference test among groups employed Mann Whitney test. The result indicated that respondent’s hypertension is categorized into moderate. There is difference on the mean of blood pressure before and after SIKKOMODO therapy and combination of music, humor, and humor therapy. There is a significant difference in term of systolicblood pressure betweentreatment and control group, and there is no difference on the systolic blood pressure between the two groups.
Religiosity and Purchase Intention of Purwokerto Halal Mart
Authors: Hari Adi Pramono , Via Christiany Feronica
Published: November 2020

The research on which entitle Religiosity and Purchase Intension of Purwokerto Halal Mart was aim to analyze the relationship between religiosity and trust in the purchase intention of halal mart retail in Purwokerto. This research is a survey of Taklim Assembly members of the Great Mosque of Baitussalam, Jenderal Soedirman Mosque, Wijayakusuma Mosque, Darussalam Mosque, Bhayangkara Mosque and Fatimatuzahra Mosque. The number of sample were 225 with simple random sampling technique. The statistical test performed is using SEM data analysis. The results show that several dimensions of religiosity, namely experiential, ritualistic, intellectual have positive influence on trust. While the ideological and consequential dimensions do not have a positive effect on trust. For the influence of the dimensions of religiosity on purchase intention namely the experiential, ritualistic, ideological and consequential dimensions have a positive effect on purchase intention, but the intellectual dimension does not have a positive effect on purchase intention. And trust also has a positive effect on purchase intention. This result could inform halal mart and consumers that religiosity empirically influences consumers’ trust and purchase intentions, and also consumers’ trust influence purchase intention in the halal mart.
Traditional Agroforestry Ecosystem for Rural Prosperity
Authors: Carolina Carolina , Wijayanti Febtri
Published: November 2020

Pursuance of prosperity has always been the aim of rural development program. A strategy to vitalizing rural economy to ensure equitability is achieved through optimal utilization of local resources. It is an inclusive approach, widely implemented which also applied in Indonesia. In order to examine the concept, a qualitative study was conducted in Sumba Barat Daya in East Nusa Tenggara Province, in which agriculture is the leading sector of regional development. Assessment is focussed toward the potency of natural resource, specifically traditional agroforestry system, producing variety of estate crops which are sold in local, regional and international market as well. Representing different type of market system, assessment on cashew and coffee crops were discussed. The analysis indicates that potency to achieve prosperity seems more promising when the strategy implemented is local driven. We encounter that farming activity in managing coffee based agroforestry generates local innovation, not just in ecosystem management, but also in post harvest handling and local market system establishment. Therefore, management of coffee agroforestry leads better to inclusivity in comparison with cashew. However, to ensure sustainable support of traditional agroforestry ecosystem to rural livelihood, understanding socio-ecological dynamics of rural Sumba should be acquired in order to generate supportive relevant policies.. yamu,to,
Value of innovation to enhance marketing performance (clarification)
Authors: Suliyanto Suliyanto , Rahab Rahab , Chadi Mursid Mansur
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze value of innovation as the role mediating in the relationship between NPD Innovation and NPD Performance, and also to clarified in Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. We proposed value of innovation basis on shariah as mediating role in this study developed from diffusion of innovations theory. The questionnaires will be given to only the managers of the board of shariah micro finance in Pekalongan and Banyumas, Indonesia with total 171 responden from 27 LKMS (Baitul Maal wa Tamwil, Baitul Tamwil, Kospin Jasa Shariah, and KSPP Shariah). Value of innovation basis on shariah significantly affect to marketing performance. Research limited in first order, future research can examined in second order research. LKMS adapted value of innovation basis on shariah to get product launch easily. Value of innovation basis on shariah as the new variable and theory concept. Indirect, NPD Innovation positive significantly affect to marketing performance with value of innovation basis on shariah and product launch success are as mediating role.
Corruption and Culture: Revisiting the Claim of its Relationship
Authors: Srirejeki Kiky
Published: November 2020

The researcher has long discussed ideas on how culture related to corruption. The buzzword “corrupt culture” was introduced to describe a group of people who act corrupt behavior. Some researcher proclaimed that particular culture permits corrupt behaviors, such as gift-giving. However, to claim that gift-giving is a corrupt behavior, prudent consideration should be taken place. What is being meant as gift-giving in a certain area could be understood as simple bribes in other areas. This paper highlight the importance of understanding cultural relativism before judging the claim of a vile relationship between corruption and culture. Further, strategy to combat corruption is also advised.
Digital Literacy Movement by Former Migrant Workers in Wonosobo, Central Java
Authors: Novianti Wiwik , Istiyanto S. Bekti
Published: November 2020

The digital literacy movement is mostly centered in big cities even though internet users in rural areas are also very high. In Tracap Village, Wonosobo District, there is a community of former migrant workers who care about digital literacy. Living in a remote area does not mean that the people there are backward but it makes them more creative. This paper would like to describe the digital literacy movement carried out by former migrant workers in Wonosobo Regency, the goals to be achieved and their strategies in conducting digital literacy.

The research method used in this study is qualitative. Data collection is done by in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis.

The study found that the experience of being a migrant worker who had difficulty communicating with families in the village was the main driver for former migrant workers in Wonosobo to share their knowledge about internet use with villagers. The goal is that communication between family members continues to exist even though one of his family is abroad.

The strategies carried out to provide knowledge and skills in using the internet started from subscribing to the internet which can be accessed free of charge by citizens to open internet classes for migrant workers’ children. The internet which was originally only used as a medium of communication with families abroad developed into something productive, namely to help with school or work assignments, sell online and make games.
Putting people in the proper position on policy process in rural area: A deliberation and empowerment process in village level of Indonesia
Authors: Sukarso  , Dharma Swastha , Paramarti Dasuki Niken
Published: November 2020

In public policy discourse, especially the classic one, the position of society as a policy target group is often, therefore, an object of policy even in some contemporary references. The position as an object thus tends to be relatively weak compared to other positions. A top-down policy process tends to put people in a weak bargaining position. On the other hand, empowerment policies often define target groups as groups that seem to be independent and sterile from other groups. From this assumption, this study tries to formulate an empowerment model that can reposition the “target group” of the policy from objects to subjects, including redefining “target groups” into compliancers, say it is, it refers to a multi group who has to comply to the policy with deferent ways. The research method uses a case study approach with data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The results of the study get an empowerment policy model that is more deliberative and comprehensive than a partial one. This model is different from the existing models so far, both from the formulator, output, delivery system, and of course the “target group” of the policy.
Kyai and Power in Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Hikmawan M. Dian , Godjali M. Rizky , Indriyany Ika Arinia
Published: November 2020

In Indonesian socio-cultural society, Kyai is an important indicator to perceive the diversity of the socio-cultural. Kyai is not only a leader in religious rituals but also kyai also be used as symbols in political roles. This research tries to elaborate on the role of Kyai in political structuration in Banten,. This research tries to analyze cultural aspects to elaborate on the socio-political function and role of the Kyai, it becomes a very interesting matter for further review. Therefore, these studies involve the role of Kyai in political Power in Banten. by using a phenomenological approach in understanding the realities that occur in Socio-cultural. This research was conducted to understand, first, understanding and interpretation this by using the structure of society in Banten to understand the role of Kyai in socio-cultural, how the agent perceives the political agenda. Secondly, morality or the right direction, it is means how the influences of morality to the political decisions on the socio-cultural agenda. Third, power relation, how to perceive regulation on the socio-cultural and its influence on government policies in Banten
Comparison of Prostate MRI Lesion Segmentation Agreement Between Multiple Radiologists and a Fully Automatic Deep Learning System
Authors: Schelb Patrick , Tavakoli Anoshirwan Andrej , Tubtawee Teeravut , Hielscher Thomas , Radtke Jan-Philipp , Görtz Magdalena , Schütz Viktoria , Kuder Tristan Anselm , Schimmöller Lars , Stenzinger Albrecht , Hohenfellner Markus , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Bonekamp David
Published: November 2020

Purpose A recently developed deep learning model (U-Net) approximated the clinical performance of radiologists in the prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer (sPC) from prostate MRI. Here, we compare the agreement between lesion segmentations by U-Net with manual lesion segmentations performed by different radiologists.

Materials and Methods 165 patients with suspicion for sPC underwent targeted and systematic fusion biopsy following 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). Five sets of segmentations were generated retrospectively: segmentations of clinical lesions, independent segmentations by three radiologists, and fully automated bi-parametric U-Net segmentations. Per-lesion agreement was calculated for each rater by averaging Dice coefficients with all overlapping lesions from other raters. Agreement was compared using descriptive statistics and linear mixed models.

Results The mean Dice coefficient for manual segmentations showed only moderate agreement at 0.48–0.52, reflecting the difficult visual task of determining the outline of otherwise jointly detected lesions. U-net segmentations were significantly smaller than manual segmentations (p < 0.0001) and exhibited a lower mean Dice coefficient of 0.22, which was significantly lower compared to manual segmentations (all p < 0.0001). These differences remained after correction for lesion size and were unaffected between sPC and non-sPC lesions and between peripheral and transition zone lesions.

Conclusion Knowledge of the order of agreement of manual segmentations of different radiologists is important to set the expectation value for artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the task of prostate MRI lesion segmentation. Perfect agreement (Dice coefficient of one) should not be expected for AI. Lower Dice coefficients of U-Net compared to manual segmentations are only partially explained by smaller segmentation sizes and may result from a focus on the lesion core and a small relative lesion center shift. Although it is primarily important that AI detects sPC correctly, the Dice coefficient for overlapping lesions from multiple raters can be used as a secondary measure for segmentation quality in future studies.

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Novel Long-Acting Buprenorphine Medications for Opioid Dependence: Current Update
Authors: Soyka Michael
Published: November 2020

Opioid maintenance treatment with oral methadone or sublingual buprenorphine is the first-line treatment in opioid dependence. Three novel long-acting buprenorphine formulations have been approved or will be available soon: for subcutaneous weekly and monthly application, the depot formulations CAM 2038 (Buvidal®), the monthly depot formulation RBP-6000 (Sublocade™), and a 6-month buprenorphine implant (Probuphine™). Clinical data available so far on the efficacy of these 3 medications are given, and possible clinical implications are discussed.
Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Langner Soenke , Beller Ebba , Streckenbach Felix
Published: November 2020

Medical images play an important role in ophthalmology and radiology. Medical image analysis has greatly benefited from the application of “deep learning” techniques in clinical and experimental radiology. Clinical applications and their relevance for radiological imaging in ophthalmology are presented.
Facile Pyridine S
N
Ar Reactions via N-Phosphonium–Pyridinium Intermediates
Authors: McNally Andrew , Boyle Benjamin T. , Koniarczyk J. Luke
Published: November 2020

Here we report that N-phosphonium pyridinium intermediates are unusually reactive for pyridine SNAr reactions. Specifically, forming phosphonium salts from halopyridines typically requires elevated temperatures and Lewis acid additives. The alternative activation mode described in this paper permits C–P bond formation to occur at ambient temperatures in many cases, and functions across a broad range of substrates.
An Efficient Substrate-Induced Method for the Synthesis of CF3-Substituted Cyclopropanes by Metal-Free Reaction of Trifluoromethyl Styrylisoxazoles with Nitromethane
Authors: Li Feng , Ma Hai , Zhao Qing-he , Yu Guang-hao , Meng Ye-chen , Sui Feng , Yang Mi-yi , Liu Li , Li Hui-jie
Published: November 2020

A series of (trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanes (TFCPs) tolerating a broad range of functional groups, known as tert-butyl bioisosteres, have been obtained from the cyclization reaction between nitromethane­ and 5-[β-(trifluoromethyl)styryl]isoxazoles in 70–94% yields and 75:25 to 90:10 dr. This method offers practical access to this cyclopropyl moiety of pharmacological interest, employing an inorganic base under phase-transfer conditions.
Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Early Prediction of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Gad Suzan , Alkhalafawi Abeer , Raza Syed , Hesham Mervat , Sheta Mohamed
Published: November 2020

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a serious neonatal condition. Prediction of MAS is challenging particularly in low-resource setting. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new simple index used for diagnosis of many inflammatory conditions. The present study was an attempt to determine whether NLR can predict the occurrence of MAS. The present study included 101 children with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. They comprised 22 patients who developed MAS and 79 neonates who didn't have the condition. All neonates were subjected to careful analysis of maternal and perinatal history in addition to thorough clinical assessment and radiological and laboratory evaluation. Blood samples from the umbilical cord were collected at birth and were used to obtain complete blood counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) assay. Univariate analysis revealed that elevated CRP levels, increased NLR, and 5-minute Apgar score of <7 were significant risk factors for the occurrence of MAS. Multivariate analysis revealed that low 5-minute Apgar score and increased NLR remained as significant risk factors of MAS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good performance of NLR in prediction of MAS. NLR is useful in prediction of MAS in term neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
A Structured, Microsurgical Training Curriculum Improves the Outcome in Lower Extremity Reconstruction Free Flap Residency Training: The Ludwigshafen Concept
Authors: Boecker Arne , Kornmann Jonas , Xiong Lingyun , Harhaus Leila , Aman Martin , Koepple Christoph , Fischer Sebastian , Will Patrick A. , Kneser Ulrich , Hirche Christoph
Published: November 2020

Background Risk stratification, economic pressure, and a flat learning curve make the realization and development of proper microsurgical skills and competences a challenging task in the daily clinical practice. In previous studies, we were able to show that microsurgical procedures, e.g., free flaps and replantations, are safe training procedures and teachable in daily clinical practice in view of certain issues of risk stratification. The present study aims to evaluate further improvements in terms of safety and complication rates for free flaps as a training procedure after introduction and continuous implementation of a structured in-house training curriculum for microsurgical skills and competences and a 24-hour free accessible microsurgical training facility for the plastic surgery resident.

Methods This retrospective comparative cohort study was conducted to review whether microsurgical skills for free flaps to the lower extremity can further be improved after implementation of the curriculum and a 24-hour accessible training facility. Therefore, we compared cohort A before (2009–2012) and B after (2014–2017) implementation. Patient demographics, procedural characteristics, and outcome parameters for free tissue transfer of the lower extremity were evaluated.

Results The comparison of both cohorts showed a significantly reduced postoperative complication rate for cohort B (p <0.05). Furthermore, operation time was shorter, and the hospital stay could be significantly decreased (p <0.01). Workhorse flaps for plastic surgical training were the anterior lateral thigh (ALT) flap or the musculus latissimus dorsi (LD) flap. However, even more complex procedures with arteriovenous loops could be safely performed by plastic surgery residents under the supervision of the senior surgeon in exceptional cases.

Conclusion The implementation of a regularly held, microsurgical in-house training curriculum with 24-hour accessible training facility improves procedural and outcome parameters for free flaps to the lower extremity for surgical residents and is an elementary part of skills and competency training. However, risk stratification, repeated surgical exposure, expertise, and institutional infrastructures are essential and must be taken into consideration.
Midline Astrocytic Tumors in Children: A Retrospective Study of 152 Cases
Authors: Prasad Hanuman , Kumar Raj , Faheem Mohd
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the various midline structures having preponderance for astrocytoma, their incidence, clinical features, operative approach, prognosis, and outcomes in children. It is a retrospective analysis of 152 cases with midline astrocytic tumors in children admitted between January 1995 and December 2012 in the Department of Neurosurgery at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical sciences Lucknow, India. The mean age of the cases with midline astrocytic tumors was 9.29 ± 4.56 years. Majority of these tumors occurred in the age group of 6 to 10 years (n = 58, 38.16%), with male to female ratio being 1.66:1. Out of 152 cases, tumors located at midline cerebellum constituted majority of the cases (n = 38, 25%) followed by brain stem (n = 28, 18.42%), thalamic region (n = 24, 15.79%), corpus callosum (n = 18, 11.82%), pineal region (n = 12, 7.89%), optic nerve (n = 12, 7.89%), chiasmo-hypothalamic (n = 10, 6.58%), and septum pellucidum astrocytomas (n = 10, 6.58%). Majority of these tumors were of low-grade type (n = 136, 89.47%), and pilocytic astrocytomas were the commonest subtypes. Out of 152 cases, 136 (89.47%) cases had improved outcomes, 8 (5.26%) remained as they were in preoperative state, and mortality was seen in 8 (5.26%) of the cases at 3 to 77 months (mean 26.70 ± 9.70) of follow-up. Midline structures having preponderance for astrocytomas were midline cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, corpus callosum, pineal region, optic nerve, chiasmo-hypothalamic, and septum pellucidum. Cerebellum was the commonest site. Most of these astrocytomas were of low grade with pilocytic astrocytoma being the commonest subtype. With meticulous presurgical planning, most of these tumors have good outcome with significant reduction in mortality and morbidity.
Genetic and Clinical Approach To Microcephaly: A 5-Year Single Center Experience
Authors: Elmas Muhsin , Yildirim Umit Can
Published: November 2020

Microcephaly is a dysmorphic feature characterized by small head size more than two standard deviations below the mean for age, sex, and ethnicity. There are several etiological factors ranging from environmental toxins or infections to genetic disorders. We report clinical, radiological, and molecular genetic investigations of patients with microcephaly from a single center over 5-year period. There were 92 patients with a genetic diagnosis. Based on their genetic diagnosis, we grouped patients into three categories: (1) microcephaly with copy number variations (CNVs), (2) microcephaly with single gene disorders, and (3) microcephaly with aneuploidies. The most common category was aneuploidy in 59% of the patients, followed by single gene disorders in 23% of the patients and CNVs in 18% of the patients. We think that history and physical examination guide physicians to choose the most appropriate genetic testing to identify underlying diagnosis.
Combination Therapies with Y90: Immunoradiation
Authors: Deipolyi Amy R. , Johnson Christopher Bryce , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Bryce Yolanda C.D.
Published: November 2020

While much progress has been made in oncologic care, metastatic solid organ cancer still carries a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach, though in most patients, does not control disease when given as a monotherapy. Combining immunotherapy with locoregional therapy is one approach to boost the efficacy of treatments and potentially prolong survival. Most of the researches regarding combination therapies have involved external radiation. This review describes the immunologic effects of external radiation and radioembolization, and how these effects provide a rationale for combining hepatic radioembolization with immunotherapy.