bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canine oral malignant melanoma: Prognostic utility of an alternative staging system
Authors: Hahn K. A. , DeNicola D. B. , Richardson R. C. , Hahn E. A.
Published: April 2008

Reports of prognosis based on clinical staging of canine oral malignant melanoma consistently differ. To determine the prognostic utility of the World Health Organization (WHO) tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) system and a proposed alternative staging system, a retrospective study of 41 dogs with naturally occurring oral malignant melanoma was conducted. All the tumours were clinically staged, removed surgically and the tissues histologically reviewed. Treatment responses were correlated with the clinical and histological features reported to have prognostic utility. Dogs presenting with a tumour smaller than 8 cm3, located on the rostral mandible or caudal maxilla, and, or, having a tumour mitotic index of 3 or less had a significantly longer remission length and survival time than did other dogs, regardless of the treatment selected. Treatment by radical surgical excision (eg, hemimandibulectomy) resulted in longer remission lengths and survival times than any other type of treatment regardless of whether or not surgical margins were determined to be free of residual tumour. The WHO system failed to identify a prognostic difference between dogs of a differing clinical stage. An alternative system derived from significant features mentioned above did identify a prognostic difference and is recommended for further evaluation regarding its utility in the pre‐treatment evaluation and clinical staging of other dogs with oral ‐malignant melanoma.
Cold agglutinin disease in a cat
Authors: Godfrey D. R. , Anderson R. M.
Published: April 2008

A case of cold agglutinin disease associated with trauma and exposure to lead is described in a domestic cat. A definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of autohaemagglutination at cold temperatures and histopathology. Exposure to lead has been associated with cold agglutinin disease in other species. The cat spontaneously recovered after removal of the lead from its body. Cold agglutinin disease has been reported twice in the cat.
Suppression of adrenocortical function in dogs receiving therapeutic doses of megestrol acetate
Authors: van den Broek A. H. M. , O'Farrell V.
Published: April 2008

Nine dogs received a course of megestrol acetate, 2 mg/kg/day for 14 days and then 1 mg/kg/day for a further 14 days, as part of a programme to modify undesirable behaviour. Adrenocortical function was monitored using the adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation test before treatment, on days 14 and 28 of treatment and then on days 42 and 70. The mean basal Cortisol concentration was significantly (P<0.01) lower than the pre‐treatment value on days 14 and 28. The mean post ACTH stimulation Cortisol concentration was significantly lower than the mean pre‐treatment post ACTH Cortisol concentration on days 14 and 28 (P<0.01), on day 42 (P<0.001) and on day 70 (P<0.05).
Intussusception in 12 cats
Authors: Bellenger C. R. , Beck J. A.
Published: April 2008

The medical records of 12 cats presented with intussusception and diagnosed at the University of Sydney Veterinary Teaching Hospital and the Sylvania Veterinary Hospital were reviewed. Eleven cats were less than one year old at the time of diagnosis. No breed or sex predilections were determined. The most consistent clinical signs were anorexia (83 per cent), weight loss (83 per cent) and a palpable abdominal mass (92 per cent). Vomiting (58 per cent) and diarrhoea (50 per cent) were seen less frequently in these cats compared with the reported incidence of these signs in dogs. In 10 cats the intussusception was corrected surgically. Manual reduction was successful in three of the cats but six required end‐to‐end anastomosis following intestinal resection and in one cat a typhlectomy was performed. Postoperative ileus complicated recovery in three cases. Recurrence of the intussusception at a different site occurred in two of these cases. One cat with recurrence of intussusception died and the cat with ileus but not recurrence was euthanased one month after the original surgery.
Retinal detachment and bovine tuberculosis in cats
Authors: Formston C.
Published: April 2008

Bovine tuberculosis has been virtually eradicated from Britain. It was a disease to which cats were susceptible, mainly from the consumption of infected cow's milk. This report discusses four cases of ocular tuberculosis which, although of limited clinical significance today, could be of some value to veterinary clinical history. In the past, there has been a tendency to associate retinal haemorrhages with a choroidal tuberculosis, but with reference to the veterinary literature and two of the cases cited here, it would appear that either haemorrhage or uveitis, from whatever cause, is more likely to be linked to retinal detachment than to tuberculosis.
Canine multicentric lymphoma 2: Comparison of response to two chemothera‐peutic protocols
Authors: Dobson J. M. , Gorman N. T.
Published: April 2008

This paper describes the chemotherapeutic response of 90 cases of canine multicentric lymphoma. All the dogs were treated with a combination protocol using cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone. Forty‐seven dogs received additional intravenous cytosine arabinoside on the first four days of treatment. Eighty‐eight per cent of all cases had shown either a complete or partial response to this treatment at six weeks from the start of treatment and the overall mean survival time was 37 weeks (SD = 35.8). There was no significant difference in response or survival rates between the two treatment groups. The age and sex of the patient, the clinical stage of the disease and previous treatment with corticosteroids were all analysed to determine whether these parameters were of prognostic significance. Those dogs in clinical stages 4 and 5 carried a worse prognosis than those in stages 1 to 3. Previous treatment with corticosteroids adversely affected both tumour response and patient survival rates.
Specific heart muscle disease secondary to lymphosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Koch J. , Jensen A. L. , Pedersen H. D. , Leifsson P. S.
Published: April 2008

This case report describes the clinical, imaging, clinical pathology and necropsy findings in a five‐year‐old male Border collie with low output cardiac failure. The heart was enlarged by infiltrative lymphosarcoma.
Use of medetomidine and butorphanol for sedation in dogs
Authors: Bartram D. H. , Diamond M. J. , Tute A. S. , Trafford A. W. , Jones R. S.
Published: April 2008

Medetomidine 10 μg/kg, was combined with butorphanol 0.1 mg/kg and administered intramuscularly to 27 dogs requiring sedation for various diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. All the dogs became deeply sedated. Heart rate fell by a mean of 55 per cent. Eighteen dogs showed signs of pain as the combination was injected. Sedation was sufficient for the intended procedure to be carried out in 25 of the dogs. General anaesthesia was induced in four dogs — the mean dose of thiopentone required for induction of anaesthesia was 2 mg/kg. Administration of atipamezole at the end of the procedure produced rapid and sudden recoveries in all the dogs, with a mean time to standing of nine minutes.
Effects of radiotherapy alone and surgery and radiotherapy on survival of dogs with nasal tumours
Authors: Morris J. S. , Dunn K. J. , Dobson J. M. , White R. A. S.
Published: April 2008

The case records of 26 dogs with nasal tumours, treated either with radiation alone or surgery and radiation, were compared. One‐ and two‐year actuarial survival rates for 12 dogs treated with radiotherapy were 58 and 13 per cent, respectively, compared to 71 and 38 per cent, respectively, for 14 dogs which were treated with surgery before radiotherapy. Sixty‐seven per cent of the dogs treated with radiotherapy had recurrent clinical signs by 52 weeks compared to 36 per cent of the dogs treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The longer disease‐free interval of the dogs treated with surgery and radiotherapy was statistically significant. When dogs with sarcomas were compared to those with carcinomas, there was no significant difference in disease‐free interval or survival time.
Collagen type III:I composition in hip joints of dogs susceptible to nip dysplasia
Authors: Madsen J. S. , Oxlund H. , Svalastoga E. , Schwarz P.
Published: April 2008

Collagen type III:I ratios were measured in the coxofemoral joint capsules of dogs susceptible to hip dysplasia, dogs with hip dysplasia and healthy controls. The ratio was higher in those dogs susceptible to hip dysplasia than in the controls. These differences could explain the joint hypermobility seen in dogs with hip dysplasia.
Pyloric obstruction in a dog related to a gastrotomy incision closed with polypropylene
Authors: Bright R. M. , Jenkins C. , DeNovo R. C.
Published: April 2008

A five‐year‐old male, West Highland terrier was treated for a gastrointestinal foreign body via a gastrotomy incision and enterotomies. The dog was asymptomatic for several months but was eventually re‐presented because of vomiting. Endoscopic and surgical evaluation confirmed a large mass within the pyloric canal that probably resulted from a reaction to the polypropylene suture material used to close the original gastrotomy incision. The mass was excised via a Y‐U pyloroplasty incision and the dog has been free of vomiting for over a year.
Atresia coli in a nine‐week‐old kitten
Authors: Bredal W. P. , Thoresen S. I. , Kvellestad A.
Published: April 2008

A case of blind‐end atresia coli in a kitten surviving for 66 days is presented. Human cases of intestinal atresia are often attributed to injuries sustained in utero to a previously normal fetus. Neither clinical nor autopsy findings gave conclusive evidence regarding the aetiology of the condition in the kitten; the only sibling affected from a litter of five. The case is interesting because the kitten survived nine weeks without any clinical signs other than abdominal distension.
Evaluation of screening tests for renal insufficiency in the dog
Authors: Gleadhill A.
Published: April 2008

The use of creatinine and fractional excretion of phosphate as screening tests for early renal disease is examined. Their relative efficiency in detecting renal insufficiency is compared and the effect of different decision levels on interpreting test results is also discussed. The use of receiver operating curves to evaluate the relationship between specificity and sensitivity and their effects on the interpretation of results is shown. For all decision levels, creatinine is shown to be superior to fractional excretion of phosphate for the diagnosis of renal insufficiency.
Dystocia in the bitch: A retrospective study of 182 cases
Authors: Darvelid A. Walett , Linde‐Forsberg C.
Published: April 2008

In a retrospective study of 182 cases of canine dystocia, no relationship was found between either breed or age and occurrence of dystocia. However, medium‐sized breeds (between 12.7 and 20.5 kg bodyweight) were slightly over represented. Of the bitches that had whelped previously, 42 per cent had experienced dystocia. The dystocia was of maternal origin in 75.3 per cent of the cases, mainly due to uterine inertia, while 24.7 per cent were of fetal origin, mainly resulting from malpresentations/malorientations. The most common reason for dystocia was primary, complete uterine inertia (48.9 per cent) and 40 per cent of the bitches with this problem had small litters of one or two pups. The most common treatment was calcium and, or, oxytocin injection followed by a caesarean section. Digital manipulation including forceps delivery and, or, medical treatment was successful in only 27.6 per cent of the cases. Of the bitches studied, 65.7 per cent had a caesarean section. Pup deaths occurred in 52.2 per cent of the litters. Among bitches that had been treated within one to four‐and‐a‐half hours after the beginning of second stage labour, 5.8 per cent of the pups died, whereas the corresponding value for bitches that had been treated between five and 24 hours after the beginning of second stage labour was 13.7 per cent. The total frequency of pup deaths was 22.3 per cent. These findings show that early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in reducing the pup death rate in cases of dystocia.
Thrombocytopenia in the cavalier King Charles spaniel
Authors: Eksell P. , Häggström J. , Kvart C. , Karlsson Å
Published: April 2008

Blood samples were collected for the determination of platelet counts from 102 cavalier King Charles spaniels which had no history of bleeding disorders. Thrombocytopenia was found in 31 per cent of the samples when the lower reference limit was set at 100 X 109/litre. The platelet count of the males (mean ± SD, 147 X 109/litre ± 15 X 109/litre) was found to be significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the females (mean ± SD, 202 X 109/litre ± 13 X 109/litre). The platelet counts from a reference group of 16 normal beagles, analysed identically, were not lower than 189 X 109/litre and no significant difference was found between males (mean ± SD, 249 X 109/litre ± 14 X 109/litre) and females (mean ± SD, 282 X 109/litre ± 20 X 109/litre).
Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation for the treatment of laryngeal paralysis in four cats
Authors: White R. N.
Published: April 2008

A unilateral arytenoid lateralisation procedure was successfully performed in four cats with either unilateral or bilateral laryngeal paralysis. All of the cats were presented for the investigation of signs of exercise‐related respiratory embarrassment and stridor. Other clinical signs seen included altered vocalisation, an inability to purr, coughing and lethargy. A diagnosis of either bilateral or left or right unilateral laryngeal paralysis was made in each case following visual inspection of the vocal folds with the aid of a laryngoscope under a light plane of anaesthesia. In two cases the paralysis was bilateral and the condition was considered to be either congenital or idiopathic. In the other two cases the condition was unilateral and was considered to be iatrogenic as a result of previous surgical procedures. The results of this technique were considered excellent in all cases.
Dystocia in the cat: A retrospective study of 155 cases
Authors: Ekstrand C. , Linde‐Forsberg C.
Published: April 2008

In a retrospective study of 155 cases of feline dystocia, 67‐1 per cent were of maternal origin, mainly caused by uterine inertia, while 29‐7 per cent were of fetal origin, mainly resulting from malpresentations/malorientations and deformities. Its breed incidence was somewhat higher in Persian cats than in other breeds and considerably lower in Norwegian forest cats. Litter size was not related to the risk of developing dystocia. Ninety‐seven cats (62.5 per cent) were treated with calcium and, or, oxytocin. Medical treatment was successful in only 29 cases (29.9 per cent). Caesarean sections were performed on 123 (79.4 per cent) of the cats that were brought to the hospital because of dystocia. In 55 cases (35.5 per cent) a caesarean section was performed without prior attempts at medical treatment.
M‐mode echocardiography study in growing Spanish mastiffs
Authors: Bayón A. , del Palacio M. J. Fernández , Montes A. M. , Panizo C. Gutiérrez
Published: April 2008

The growth of the heart in proportion to body‐weight was studied by M‐mode echocardiography in 66 Spanish mastiffs aged from one to 12 months and from two to four years. Measurements of the right and left ventricular cavities, septal and parietal wall thicknesses, aorta, left atrium, D‐E excursion of the mitral valve and distance between the maximum aperture of the mitral valve and the interventricular septum, were shown to have a curvilinear increase closely related to the development of bodyweight. Least squares regression analysis of the logarithmically transformed data provided the power‐law equations relating each echocardiographic measurement to bodyweight. The exponential powers of bodyweight varied from 0.22 to 0.45. From the direct measurements the following cardiac indices were determined: ratio of right/left ventricular cavity, shortening fraction, percentage of septal and parietal wall thickness and ratio of aorta/left atrium. The highest coefficient of determination was for the right ventricular/left ventricular ratio.
Efficacy of daily amitraz on generalised demodicosis in dogs
Authors: Medleau L. , Willemse T.
Published: April 2008

Fifty dogs with generalised demodicosis were treated with daily applications of 0·125 per cent amitraz solution over half the body. This was applied once a day, alternating the body half treated. Nine dogs were lost to follow‐up; the remaining dogs were classified as either a success (25 dogs, 61 per cent) or a failure (16 dogs, 39 per cent) according to their response to treatment. Eight of the failures were due to persistent demodicosis and eight relapsed within one year after treatment. All eight of the relapsed dogs were cured after a second course of daily amitraz treatment. For the 25 dogs considered treatment successes, the median duration of treatment was 6·5 weeks (range, three weeks to nine months), and the median interval from completion of treatment to last post treatment evaluation was 3·4 years (range, two to four‐and‐a‐half‐years). Including the eight dogs that were cured after retreatment, the daily amitraz applications were curative in 33 of 41 dogs (80 per cent) with generalised demodicosis.
Multisystemic inflammatory disease in a borzoi dog
Authors: Cheeseman M. T. , Kelly D. F. , Horsfall K. L.
Published: April 2008

A six‐week‐old female borzoi puppy from a brother‐sister mating developed a generalised illness characterised by anorexia, temporary intention tremor, episodic pyrexia, tachypnoea, conjunctivitis, otitis and neck pain. Haematological abnormalities included an inflammatory leukogram and regenerative anaemia. Blood cultures remained sterile; clinical chemistry values were unremarkable. The puppy had recurrent seizures and was euthanased when 18 weeks old. Post mortem examination revealed a multisystemic inflammatory disease involving thyroids, lymph nodes, spleen, pancreas, bladder and lung, but no lesions to account for the neurological signs. The cause of this generalised disease was not recognised. The histological features are unusual and resemble those described in other dogs of this breed.
Aural cholesterol granuloma in a dog
Authors: Cox C. L. , Payne‐Johnson C. E.
Published: April 2008

A five‐year‐old female Irish setter was referred for surgery for a left‐sided aural mass. The dog was generally well, but had signs of left‐sided otalgia for one week. Biopsy identified the lesion as a cholesterol granuloma. The mass was removed three weeks later by a total canal ablation/lateral bulla osteotomy. The dog recovered from surgery without any complications. Ten months later, there was no evidence of recurrence. The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical and histopathological findings of this unusual form of granuloma which has not previously been reported in the canine ear.
A review of Pathological diagnoses made from 87 canine splenic biopsies
Authors: Day M. J. , Lucke V. M. , Pearson H.
Published: April 2008

The pathological findings in 87 cases of canine splenic abnormality recognised clinically by abdominal palpation or radiography, or at exploratory laparotomy, are presented. The most common diagnosis was of splenic neoplasia (n = 38) and the most frequently recognised canine splenic neoplasm was haemangiosarcoma (17 of 38 cases). Benign splenic enlargement secondary to nodular hyperplasia (n = 6), haematoma (n = 16) or non‐specific changes including congestion, haemorrhage, extramedullary haemopoiesis and haemosiderin deposition (n = 14) was also recognised. A diagnosis of non‐specific pathology was more frequently recorded when portions of spleen, as opposed to the entire organ, were submitted for assessment. Splenic infarction, with (n = 3) or without (n = 7) torsion, abscessation (n = 2) and focal mast cell proliferation (n = 1) accounted for the remainder of the cases. Clinical follow‐up was available for 35 cases and revealed good long‐term survival in cases of splenic haematoma or haemangioma, with relatively poor survival with a diagnosis of splenic haemangiosarcoma or anaplastic sarcoma. A range of splenic disorders was recognised in dogs of the labrador breed (16 of 87 cases) and three of 17 cases of haemangiosarcoma occurred in German shepherd dogs. The possible predisposition of dogs of these breeds to splenic disorders is discussed.
Neuroaxonal dystrophy in a litter of papillon pups
Authors: Franklin R. J. M. , Jeffery N. D. , Ramsey I. K.
Published: April 2008

A litter of five 14‐week‐old papillon puppies was referred for investigation of pelvic limb ataxia. Clinical examination revealed signs of ataxia, hypermetria and depressed postural reflexes affecting all four limbs. The severity of these signs varied between members of the litter. The condition became progressively worse and by 19 weeks of age all but the least severely affected pup (the single male of the litter) had deteriorated to the point that euthanasia was indicated on humane grounds. Pathological examination revealed widespread changes in both white and grey matter of the neuraxis caudal to the fore‐brain, particularly involving the dorsolateral white matter of the spinal cord, which were characterised by axonal swellings typical of neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Feline asthma syndrome: A retrospective study of the clinical presentation in 29 cats
Authors: Corcoran B. M. , Foster D. J. , Fuentes V. Luis
Published: April 2008

Feline asthma syndrome (FAS) is a clinical condition characterised by recurrent bouts of coughing, wheezing and, or, dyspnoea. While the aetiology is unproven, the condition is believed to involve a type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled allergens. In this paper the clinical data from 29 cats, where a diagnosis of FAS was made, are assessed retrospectively. The most common clinical presentation was recurrent bouts of coughing (n=26) and dyspnoea (n=21), Radiographic changes were noted in 24 cats, which included increased bronchial (n=5), interstitial (n=7) and mixed (n=12) (bronchial and interstitial) patterns. Right middle lung lobe collapse was noted in two cats. Abnormal bronchial cytology was present in 16 cats. A predominant eosinophilic sample was collected in only three cats. There were minimal changes in differential white cell counts, and mild eosinophilia was found in only five cats. Prednisolone alone was the most effective therapy, although avoidance of putative aeroallergens and antibacterial therapy was effective in some. On the basis of the data from these cases it would appear that the diagnosis of FAS depends largely on the clinical presentation and radiographic findings. The value of ancillary tests in the diagnosis of FAS appears to be limited.
Sterile idiopathic pedal panniculitis in the German shepherd dog ‐ clinical presentation and response to treatment of four cases
Authors: Paterson S.
Published: April 2008

Four cases of sterile idiopathic pedal panniculitis are described in the German shepherd dog. All the dogs presented with characteristic clinical signs of localised panniculitis dorsal to the midline of the carpal or tarsal pads of one or more legs. Diagnostic procedures did not identify a cause for the panniculitis and none of the cases had a history of penetrating foreign bodies. All cases failed to respond to antibiotic therapy but did respond to anti‐inflammatory doses of prednisolone. The lesions in three dogs relapsed once the levels of steroids were reduced. However, in two of the cases oral vitamin E therapy at a dose of 300 iu twice daily acted in a steroid sparing capacity. In a fourth case, vitamin E acted to control the clinical signs without steroid therapy.
Surgical repair of fracture of the os penis in a dog
Authors: Kelly S. E. , Clark W. T.
Published: April 2008

An eight‐year‐old male Australian cattle dog cross was presented with complete urethral obstruction secondary to fracture of the os penis which had occurred two years earlier. Obstruction was associated with callus and fibrous tissue proliferation compressing the urethra at the fracture site. The problem was satisfactorily resolved by removing excess bone and fibrous tissue and stabilising the fracture with a stainless steel finger plate.
Diagnosis and prognosis of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in dogs
Authors: Sevelius E.
Published: April 2008

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the significance of enzymatic and biochemical analyses in the classification of chronic inflammatory liver disease and to evaluate the prognosis of these diseases. Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were diagnosed by histopathological examination in 79 dogs. Decreased appetite and lethargy were the most common owner complaints (46/79). Vomiting and, or, diarrhoea were reported in 27/79 dogs. Ascites was the most common clinical sign (43/79), whereas icterus was a more unusual finding demonstrated in 16/79 dogs. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed most frequently, in 33/79 dogs, followed by chronic progressive hepatitis (22/79), chronic cholangiohepatitis (13/79), and chronic non‐specific hepatitis (11/79). Hypoalbuminaemia was the most consistent biochemical aberration in liver cirrhosis (25/26) and in chronic progressive hepatitis (13/18). These diseases also showed normal to mildly increased concentrations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and a moderate to marked increase of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and fasting serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations. As expected, icterus and markedly elevated ALT, ALP, GGT and SBA levels were demonstrated in chronic cholangiohepatitis. In this disease hypoalbuminaemia was shown in 6/12 dogs, whereas in dogs with chronic non‐specific hepatitis, mean SBA and albumin concentrations were normal. In liver cirrhosis the prognosis was poor, with 94 per cent of the dogs dead within one week of established diagnosis. For dogs with the other types of chronic hepatitis the prognosis was more favourable with the mean survival time ranging from 21‐1 to 36‐4 months.
Carprofen as an analgesic for postoperative pain in cats: Dose titration and assessment of efficacy in comparison to pethidine hydrochloride
Authors: Lascelles B. D. X. , Cripps P. , Mirchandani S. , Waterman A. E.
Published: April 2008

The aim of this study was to titrate the optimal dose of carprofen for single dose usage, for alleviating postoperative pain, under a double‐blind and randomised protocol, using both negative and positive controls. Renal tolerance was assessed by screening plasma urea and creatinine. Pre‐ and postoperative assessment of pain and sedation was made using a dynamic and interactive visual analogue scoring system in 60 cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. The cats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: (1) carprofen at 1‐0 mg/kg subcutaneously (sc); (2) carprofen at 2‐0 mg/kg sc; (3) carprofen at 4‐0 mg/kg sc; (4) pethidine at 5‐0 mg/kg intramuscularly (im), (5) pethidine at 10‐0 mg/kg im; and (6) no analgesics (injection of saline). All injections were given postoperatively on tracheal extuba‐tion and administered in a double‐blind manner. Assessments were made up to 20 hours post extubation. Prior to induction and at 20 hours post extubation, blood samples were taken for laboratory analysis of the urea and creatinine content to check for any adverse effect on renal function. Cats given pethidine did not appear more sedated than the groups receiving carprofen or saline. Cats receiving carprofen were in less pain postoperatively overall, with 4‐0 mg/kg being the most effective dose rate (significantly better than the other doses of carprofen at four and eight hours post extubation). The highest dose of pethidine provided significantly better analgesia than the highest dose of carprofen up to two hours post extubation, but from two to 20 hours post extubation carprofen at 4‐0 mg/kg provided significantly better analgesia than the pethidine. None of the analgesic regimens appeared to affect renal function adversely, as measured by urea and creatinine levels.
Periodontal disease and leucopenia
Authors: Lonsdale T.
Published: April 2008

Periodontal disease is rare in nature but widespread in domestic dog and cat populations. Unnatural diets are known to facilitate the buildup of oral microbial communities which then interact with host‐immune defences giving rise to periodontitis. Eight of 14 animals undergoing dental treatment and dietary change at a suburban veterinary practice were investigated and found to have low leucocyte counts. Follow‐up testing revealed changes averaging a 77·7 per cent increase with concomitant ‘subjective good health’. These findings serve to cast doubt on the commonly used haematological reference ranges where the subject animals may have suffered from periodontal disease. The demonstrated reversibility of white cell depression associated with periodontal disease should provide a focus for further research.
Treatment of canine nictitans plasmacytic conjunctivitis with 0–2 per cent cyclosporin ointment
Authors: Read R. A.
Published: April 2008

Nictitans plasmacytic conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as plasma cell infiltrate of the nictitans or plasmoma, was diagnosed in 12 dogs (23 eyes) on the basis of clinical signs and nictitans conjunctival biopsy specimens. These dogs underwent a clinical therapeutic trial with twice daily 0·2 per cent cyclosporin ophthalmic ointment. Response to therapy was monitored over a six‐week period and repeat biopsy specimens were then taken. Significant (P<0·05) reductions between pre‐ and post trial scores were recorded for: mucopurulent ocular discharge quantity; degree of bulbar conjunctival hyperaemia; areas of nictitans hyperaemia, thickening and depigmentation. Schirmer tear test values significantly increased between the start and end of treatment. Biopsy specimens were subjected to selective detection procedures for plasma cells (methyl green‐pyronin staining) and T lymphocytes (CD3 antigen labelling). Mean cell counts showed a significant reduction in plasma cell numbers, but the trend towards reduced T lymphocyte numbers was not significant.
Focal cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a bitch
Authors: Cockcroft P. D.
Published: April 2008

Rapid abdominal enlargement and weight gain occurred in a four‐year‐old Rhodesian ridgeback bitch in late oestrus. The bitch was nulliparous. Severe cardiovascular dysfunction followed and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. A large, single, spheroid mass weighing 17 kg was located in the middle section of the left uterine horn. A diagnosis of sterile, focal, cystic endometrial hyperplasia was made from gross pathology, histopathol‐ogy and bacteriology. The bitch made a complete recovery following an ovariohysterectomy.
Ultrasonographic findings in a basenji with immunoproliferative enteropathy
Authors: Spohr A. , Koch J. , Jensen A. L.
Published: April 2008

The ultrasonographic findings in a one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old female basenji with immunoproliferative enteropathy are described. On ultrasonographic examination, generalised thickening of the small bowel wall was found, ranging between 4 and 6 mm. The normal layered appearance of the intestinal wall was replaced by three distinct layers; an innermost enlarged hyperechogenic layer; an enlarged poor echogenic layer, and an outer hyperechogenic layer. These findings are consistent with the histopathological appearance of this particular chronic inflammatory bowel disease, since the inner layer probably represents the infiltrated mucosa, the middle layer the infiltrated lamina propria and the outer layer the serosa. Thus, the ultrasonographic finding of generalised thickening of the intestinal wall in a basenji presenting with chronic diarrhoea, weight loss, anorexia or vomiting is strongly indicative of immunoproliferative enteropathy.
Trypanosoma congolense infection in two dogs
Authors: Harrus S. , Harmelin A. , Presenty B. , Bark H.
Published: April 2008

Trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma congolense, was diagnosed for the first time in Israel in two boxer dogs imported from Kenya. The dogs developed clinical signs two days after arrival and succumbed to the disease within four days. The major clinical and clinicopathological findings included anaemia, haemorrhages, lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and neurological signs. Histopathology showed lymphocytic‐plasmacytic infiltration in the skin, brain, meninges, kidney and liver.
Neutrophil phagocyte dysfunction in a weimaraner with recurrent infections
Authors: Hansen P. , Clercx C. , Henroteaux M. , Rutten V. P. M. G. , Bernadina W. E.
Published: April 2008

A five‐and‐a‐half‐month‐old male weimaraner with severe recurrent bacterial infections was assessed for immunocompetence. Results revealed a low serum immunoglobulin G concentration and defective neutrophil phagocytosis.
Megaoesophagus and glucocorticoid‐deficient hypoadrenocorticism in a dog
Authors: Whitley N. T.
Published: April 2008

A seven‐year‐old German shepherd dog was referred for acute onset regurgitation. Muscle weakness and severe dermatological disease were present. Thoracic radiographs revealed generalised megaoesophagus. Diagnostic testing revealed glucocorticoid deficiency, and rapid resolution of the megaoesophagus followed appropriate supplementation. The dog made a full recovery. Unique features of this case include a transiently positive antinuclear antibody titre and clinical features of myasthenia gravis.
Spondylosis deformans in the boxer: Estimates of heritability
Authors: Langeland M. , Lingaas F.
Published: April 2008

This study presents the estimates of heritability for spondylosis deformans in the boxer based on 353 offspring from 24 randomly selected sires, each with at least three radiographically investigated offspring. The estimated heritability (h2) for maximum degree of osteophyte development was high, both when estimated by paternal half‐sib correlation (0·42) and by the regression of offspring based on the parents (0·62). The heritability for the number of affected discs estimated by paternal half‐sib correlation was also high (0·47). The estimate of heritability for the number of affected discs based on regression of offspring on the parents was lower at 0·13. All heritabilities had large standard errors. A positive phenotypic correlation between spondylosis deformans and hip dysplasia was observed. Assuming a significant portion of the correlation is genetic, this fact may permit selection against spondylosis deformans without negatively influencing the incidence of hip dysplasia. Since the incidence of spondylosis deformans is high even in young dogs, it should be possible to detect a large proportion of genetically predisposed animals by radiographic examination of the spine at one year of age; at the same time that dogs are presented for a routine test for hip dysplasia.
Dermoid sinus and spinal malformations in a Yorkshire terrier: Diagnosis and follow‐up
Authors: Fatone G. , Brunetti A. , Lamagna F. , Potena A.
Published: April 2008

An unusual case of a Yorkshire terrier with a dermoid sinus associated with multiple spinal/costal malformations is described. The dog presented with ataxia and pain in the dorsal thoracic region. Diagnostic characterisation of the lesions was obtained with radiography, myelography and computed tomography. After surgical removal of the sinus, the dog showed marked clinical improvement over a two‐year period.
Spinal meningeal sarcoma in a rottweiler puppy
Authors: Hopkins A. L. , Garner M. , Ackerman N. , Chrisman C. L. , Eskin T.
Published: April 2008

An 11‐week‐old rottweiler puppy was presented for evaluation of progressive paraparesis, urinary and faecal incontinence. Radiography and myelography revealed widening of the vertebral canal and remodelling of several lumbar vertebrae associated with an intramedullary spinal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extensive, heterogeneous mass involving the lumbosacral spinal cord. Histopathological examination indicated a meningeal sarcoma with very varied cytological architecture.
Melanocytic neoplasia in the cat
Authors: Day M. J. , Lucke V. M.
Published: April 2008

Clinical features and histopathological details from 13 cases of melanocytic neoplasia in the cat are presented. The series includes cases of intraocular melanoma (n=5), limbal melanoma (n=2), dermal melanoma (n=5) and one case of metastatic melanoma for which a primary site was not identified. In the case of the intraocular tumours, there was apparent correlation between the degree of cellular pleomorphism, the mitotic rate and the extent of local infiltration. Such an association was not identified for the melanomas arising from the limbus or skin.
Electrocardiographic changes in the growing Mastín Español
Authors: Bernal L. J. , Montes A. M. , del Palacio M. J. Fdez. , Panizo C. Gutierrez
Published: April 2008

Serial electrocardiograms were recorded from 70 Mastín Español dogs in right lateral recumbency, aged between one day and three years, in order to observe the changes in the waveform and intervals, QRS morphology, cardiac rhythm and heart rate caused by their growth. Age and bodyweight caused a gradual increase in the duration and amplitude of the P wave, duration of the PR, QT and RR intervals, amplitude of the R wave and duration of the QRS complex and ST segment. Q wave was observed in nearly all the recordings with different amplitudes. The S wave was only significant in one‐day‐old animals and QRS morphology showed significant important changes from qrS and rS to qR and qRs morphologies during the first two weeks of life. The T wave increased its amplitude until the age of two months and changed its polarity (from negative to positive) from five months of age onwards. The heart rate decreased until the age of seven months, reaching stabilised values of 110 ± 7‐3 beats per minute. Sinus tachycardia was commonplace in animals under one month old and respiratory sinus arrhythmia was found from six months of age. Sex only influenced the duration and amplitude of the T wave. Males had higher mean values than females.
Isolated fracture of the radial diaphysis in dogs
Authors: Ness M. G. , Armstrong N. J.
Published: April 2008

Four cases of isolated fracture of the radial diaphysis were diagnosed. All cases were successfully managed conservatively. Direct trauma was not a feature in any of the cases. The history, presenting signs and fracture morphology in each case were similar suggesting a common aetiology. The case histories are reviewed and a possible aetiology discussed.
Pancreatic insulin‐secreting carcinoma in a dog: Fructosamine for determining persistent hypoglycaemia
Authors: Thoresen S. I. , Aleksandersen M. , Lqnaas L. , Bredal W. P. , Grqndalen J. , Berthelsen K.
Published: April 2008

A five‐year‐old intact male rottweiler was presented with a history of episodic weakness and mild generalised seizures. A tentative diagnosis of an insulin‐secreting tumour in the pancreas was made based on fasting hypoglycaemia with concomitant hyperinsulinaemia and a subnormal fructosamine value. The diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory coeliotomy, intravenous infusion of methylene blue, histopathology and immuno‐histochemical analysis of suspected neoplastic tissue. Fructosamine assays are traditionally used for monitoring the metabolic status of diabetics where a single elevated measurement reflects persistent hyperglycaemia. This report suggests that a single low measurement of fructosamine may indicate persistent hypoglycaemia and may be helpful, in conjunction with an insulin measurement, in the diagnosis of insulin‐secreting tumours.
Incidence of the gene mutation causal for rod‐cone dysplasia type 1 in Irish setters in the UK
Authors: Petersen‐Jones S. M. , Clements P. J. M. , Barnett K. C. , Sargan D. R.
Published: April 2008

A survey to establish the UK prevalence of the gene mutation causing the rod‐cone dysplasia type one (rcdl) form of generalised progressive retinal atrophy (gPRA) in Irish setters was carried out. The dogs were selected by members of two Irish setter breed societies to provide examples from most of the main breeding lines in the UK. A total of 210 Irish setters were tested and one bitch was found to be a carrier of the rcdl mutation. These results show that although a confirmed case of rcdl has not been reported in Irish setters in the UK for over a decade the gene is still present in the gene pool.
Vaginal cysts causing tenesmus in a bitch
Authors: Cauvin A. , Sullivan M. , Harvey M. J. , Thompson H.
Published: April 2008

An eight‐year‐old female border collie was referred with a two‐month history of faecal tenesmus. Ultrasonography and radiology identified fluid‐filled masses in the cranial vagina. The fluid was drained from the vaginal cysts via an episiotomy and the clinical signs resolved. Histological examination confirmed that the cysts were of urogenital origin. This is believed to be the first report of vaginal cysts causing faecal tenesmus in the dog.
Giant cell tumour of bone in a cat
Authors: Walsh B. A. , Rhodes W. H.
Published: April 2008

A domestic shorthaired cat had a firm, non‐painful swelling of the left antebrachium. Radiographs showed an expansile, multiloculated lesion in the radius. The mass gradually enlarged over the following four and a half months and the animal became completely lame. The histological diagnosis was giant cell tumour of bone; this is a rare neoplasm of bone in veterinary patients. Giant cell tumour of bone should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone lesions having an expansile, multiloculated radiographic appearance.
Comparative study of marbofloxacin and amoxicillinclavulanic acid in the treatment of urinary tract infections in dogs
Authors: Cotard J. P. , Gruet P. , Pechereau D. , Moreau P. , Pages J. P. , Thomas E. , Deleforge J.
Published: April 2008

One hundred and four dogs with clinical signs of urinary tract infection were selected by 15 practitioners in a multicentric, controlled and randomised study. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by urinalysis and imaging. Each dog received either marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg orally once daily or 4 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection every four days) or amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid tablets (12·5 mg/kg twice daily) for 10 or 28 days, depending on the clinical diagnosis. Rectal temperature, general condition, appetite, urinary signs, defecation disorders and pain on abdominal palpation were monitored at each visit, the timetable depending on diagnosis: three urinalyses and at least three examinations per case were performed. Side effects were also thoroughly sought at each examination. Marbofloxacin
Normal handling of diets ‐ are all dogs created equal?
Authors: Zentek J. , Meyer H.
Published: April 2008

Observations on food tolerance in dogs have shown that differences occur between breeds ‐especially in the giant breeds which can have an increased frequency of soft stools. This may be explained, at least in part, by differences in the dogs' ability to utilise a diet. To investigate this phenomenon, four digestive trials were conducted using two canned and two dried commercial diets. The ability to digest most nutrients was lower in the great danes in three out of the four trials. The great danes also had a significantly higher faecal loss of water, sodium and potassium. The underlying causes should be associated with the relationship between body‐weight and the gastrointestinal tract or with differences in transit time of the ingesta, particularly through the large intestine.
Automobile‐induced obstruction of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava in a dog
Authors: Lisciandro G. R. , Harvey H. J. , Beck K. A.
Published: April 2008

A two‐year‐old labrador retriever was examined after a year's history of persistent ascites and exercise intolerance that began shortly after the dog was struck by an automobile. Contrast venography showed tortuosity of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava with partial obstruction caused by kinking of the vessel. Surgical resection of a fibrous connective band that was found to be tethering the intrathoracic vena cava ventrally, creating a partial obstruction, was performed. A hypothesis of the aetiology of this phenomenon is presented.
Idiopathic Horner's syndrome in the golden retriever
Authors: Boydell P.
Published: April 2008

A prospective study was made of cases of idiopathic Horner's syndrome in dogs referred to the author. Over a six‐year period the condition was recorded in 62 golden retrievers. Examination suggested that the lesions affected the preganglionic neuron.
Cardiac trauma and third degree AV block in a dog following a road accident
Authors: Nicholls P. K. , Watson P. J.
Published: April 2008

A nine‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old dog was referred for investigation of bradycardia after being hit by a car. Electrocardiography revealed a third degree atrioventricular (AV) block. The dog died during a syncopal attack. Post mortem examination revealed an atrial septal tear with haemorrhage and myocardial degeneration affecting the AV bundle.
Diabetes mellitus associated with pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in a kitten
Authors: Root M. V. , Johnson K. H. , Allen W. T. , Johnston S. D.
Published: April 2008

Diabetes mellitus, characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia and glucosuria, was diagnosed in a six‐week‐old kitten. Pancreatic sections contained low numbers of atypically small islets and immunohistochemistry demonstrated pancreatic endocrine insufficiency with virtually no production of any islet hormones. There was no inflammatory infiltration of the islets, as seen in the form of diabetes mellitus characteristic of juvenile humans.
Influence of ovariectomy at the time of mastectomy on the prognosis for canine malignant mammary tumours
Authors: Yamagami T. , Kobayashi T. , Takahashi K. , Sugiyama M.
Published: April 2008

The two‐year prognosis for malignant mammary tumours seen in 175 bitches in the Tokyo metropolitan area was assessed based on the extent of mastectomy and on whether an ovariectomy was carried out at the time of mastectomy. The prognosis for the bitches was not influenced by the excision size of the affected mammary glands. Ovariectomy had no effect on the two‐year survival rate of the dogs that underwent the tumour excision. There was no significant difference in the two‐year survival rate between the dogs ovariectomised prior to mastectomy and those ovariectomised at the time of mastectomy. These results suggest that ovariectomy at the time of mastectomy has no effect on the prognosis in dogs with established neoplasms of the mammary gland.
Triple pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of pelvic canal stenosis in a cat
Authors: Ferguson J. F.
Published: April 2008

A mature female domestic shorthaired cat with obstipation as a result of pelvic canal narrowing due to a pelvic fracture malunion was treated by triple pelvic osteotomy to widen the canal. The right hemipelvis was moved laterally and a modified bone plate was applied to the right ilium. A mild lick dermatitis occurred over the dorsum of the hind paw seven days postoperatively but resolved without treatment. The cat made an uneventful recovery without recurrence of the obstipation.
Pleural effusion in cats: 82 cases (1987 to 1995)
Authors: Davies C. , Forrester S. D.
Published: April 2008

Eighty‐two cases of feline pleural effusion were identified and reviewed to assess the type of fluid, underlying disease process, predisposing conditions, historical and physical examination findings, laboratory and cytology data, response to treatment and outcome. Pertinent findings included a high occurrence of pleural effusion with mediastinal lymphoma (and other types of intrathoracic neoplasia), pyothorax, cardiomyopathy and feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. Sixteen cases, eight with chylous effusion, had no underlying disease identified. Cats with pyothorax and effusion secondary to trauma had the best prognosis for complete recovery. Otherwise, the outcome was variable and the prognosis was guarded to poor.