bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Computing for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Energy oriented Cross Layer Modelling
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Ram Mahendra , Kumar Arvind , Kharel Rupak
Published: September 2021

Background:

Enabling industrial environment with automation is growing trend due to the recent developments as industry 4.0 centric production. The industrial wireless sensor network environments have a number of constraints, including densely deployed nodes, delay constraint for mechanical operation, and access constraints due to node position within instruments. The related literature have applied existing models of wireless sensor network in industrial environment without appropriate updating in the different layers of communication, which results in performance degradation in realistic industrial scenario.

Method:

This paper presents a framework for Energy Oriented Cross Layer Data Dissemination Path (E-CLD2P) towards enabling green computing in industrial wireless sensor network environments. It is a cross-layer design approach considering deployment of sensors at the physical layer up to data dissemination at the network layer and smart services at application layer. In particular, an energy centric virtual circular deployment visualization model is presented focusing on physical layer signal transmission characteristics in industrial WSNs scenario. A delay centric angular striping is designed for cluster based angular transmission to support deadline constrained industrial operation in the WSNs environments. Algorithms for energy centric delivery path formulation and node’s role transfer are developed to support green computing in restricted access industrial WSNs scenario.

Results:

The green computing framework is implemented to evaluate the performance in a realistic industrial WSNs environment.

Conclusion:

The performance evaluation attests the benefits in terms of number of metrics in realistic industrial constrained environments.
Novel Chalcone BDD-39 Mitigated Diabetic Nephropathy through the Activation
of Nrf2/ARE Signaling
Authors: Yin Xiaoxing , Adelusi Temitope , Li Xizhi , Xu Liu , Du Lei , Hao Meng , Zhou Xueyan , Chowdhry Apu , Sun Ying , Gu Xiaoke , Lu Qian
Published: September 2021

Background:

In this study, we investigated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway activating
capacity of Biphenyl Diester Derivative-39 (BDD-39) in diabetic nephropathy in order to elucidate
the mechanism surrounding its antidiabetic potential.

Objectives:

Protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1 and biomarkers of kidney fibrosis were executed
after which mRNA levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 were estimated after creating the models
following BBD-39 treatment.

Methods:

Type 2 diabetes model was established in mice with high-fat diet feeding combined with
streptozocin intraperitoneal administration. The diabetic mice were then treated with BDD-39 (15,
45mg· kg-1· d-1, ig) or a positive control drug resveratrol (45mg· kg-1·d-1, ig) for 8 weeks. Staining
techniques were used to investigate collagen deposition in the glomerulus of the renal cortex and also
to investigate the expression and localization of Nrf2 and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins
(collagen IV and laminin) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we studied the mechanism of action of
BDD-39 using RNA-mediated Nrf2 silencing technique in mouse SV40 glomerular mesangial cells
(SV40 GM cells).

Results:

We found that BDD-39 activates Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, promotes Nrf2 nuclear
translocation (Nrf2nuc/Nrf2cyt) and modulate prominent biomarkers of kidney fibrosis at the protein
level. However, BDD-39 could not activate Nrf2/ARE signaling in RNA-mediated Nrf2-silenced
HG-cultured SV40 GM cells.

Conclusion:

Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that BDD-39 ameliorates experimental
DN through attenuation of renal fibrosis progression and modulation of Nrf2/ARE signaling
pathway.
Production of Cellulosic Ethanol from Alkali-Treated Wheat Straw Using
P-SSF Process and Bioconversion of Hemicellulosic Fraction into High-
Value Products
Authors: Patel Amisha , Patel Harshvadan , Shah Amita
Published: September 2021

Background:

Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive resource for the production of
ethanol because of its abundance and lower cost. The economics of lignocellulosic ethanol production
can be improved by enhancing the ethanol titres along with the utilisation of waste generated
during the bioconversion process.

Objective:

The present study was aimed at the development of a bioconversion process for producing
a high concentration of ethanol from alkali-treated cellulose-rich wheat straw (WS) and utilization
of unused hemicellulosic fraction into value added products.

Methods:

WS was subjected to microwave-assisted alkali (MAA) treatment. Scanning electron microscopy
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyse structural changes in
untreated and pretreated WS. Bioethanol production from pretreated WS was carried out by pre hydrolysis
and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (P-SSF) process using newly isolated
Saccharomyces cerevisisae SM1. Liquid fraction generated during pretreatment was utilised for xylooligosaccharides
(XOS) production using indigenously produced endoxylanase.

Results:

MAA treatment of WS was successful in enriching the cellulose content of WS by solubilizing
hemicellulose and lignin. Ethanol fermentation by the P-SSF method leads to the high concentration
of ethanol (42.10±1.15 g/L) in 48 h. Ethanol productivity and yield were 0.88 g/L/h and
69.14%, respectively. It can be predicted that 7.143 tons of raw WS may be required to produce 1
ton of ethanol, and for additional revenue, 191.93 kg xylitol and 263.58 kg XOS (DP2 - DP5) can
also be produced simultaneously.

Conclusion:

The study has demonstrated the feasibility of a bio-refinery process for the production
of value-added compounds in addition to high ethanol yields.
Which Is More Important for the Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Vertigo, Canal Paresis or Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?
Authors: An Yong-Hwi , Shim Hyun Joon
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study was performed to determine characteristics and the prognostic values in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) with comorbid ipsilateral canal paresis (CP) and/or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods: Of the 338 patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic SSNHL, 29 patients (8.6%) with CP and 24 patients (7.1%) with BPPV were recruited and compared to 23 patients with SSNHL and vertigo but without CP or BPPV. The patients were evaluated for their initial hearing threshold, type of canal involved, response to repositioning maneuvers, and hearing outcome for 6 months. Results: Patients with CP (+) BPPV (‒) showed lower pure-tone averages than those with CP (‒) BPPV (+) on initial and follow-up audiograms. The improvement in pure-tone averages was less in the CP (+) BPPV (‒) group than in the CP (‒) BPPV (+) group. The improvement in speech discrimination scores was less in the CP (+) BPPV (‒) group than in the CP (‒) BPPV (‒) group. BPPV most commonly involved the posterior canal (15 of 24, 62.5%), followed by the horizontal canal (13 of 24, 54.2%). Three of 24 patients (12.5%) had recurrences of BPPV. Conclusions: CP is a more serious sign for hearing recovery than BPPV, although both CP and BPPV are negative prognostic indicators of auditory function in SSNHL. Concurrent CP and/or BPPV in SSNHL suggest combined damage to the vestibule and may indicate severe and widespread labyrinthine damage, leading to a poor prognosis.
Understanding congruence in person-centred counselling practice: A trainee counsellor’s perspective
Authors: Sutanti Natri
Published: September 2021

Congruence is a condition in therapeutic relationship that refers to accurate matching of a person’s experience with awareness. In person-centred counselling, counsellor’s congruence is believed as one of helpful and significant aspects that facilitates clients’ growth in counselling. However, this term is quite difficult to understand as a single condition as it interrelated to the other conditions such as empathy and unconditional positive regard. Understanding congruence theoretically and practically is intriguing as well as challenging especially for a trainee counsellor that is still learning to apply theory on practice. This paper aims to critically explore congruence from person-centred counselling theory and to demonstrate some evidences of the development of congruence in practice based on the author’s counselling practice as a trainee counsellor. There are three main discussions in this paper that is to explain congruence from the theoretical point of view, to understand the relation between congruence and acceptance and to explore congruence in person-centred practice. The exploration found that trainee counsellor’s cultural background including condition of worth and language barrier is one of challenges in experiencing congruence within person-centred counselling practice.Keywords: congruence, person-centred counselling, unconditional positive regard, ontological standpoint
The Career adaptability among Young Adulthood : A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rasyidi Syifa Nurul Ain , Akhmad Sudaryat Nurdin , Sudrajat Dadang , Nadhirah Nadia Aulia
Published: September 2021

The success of a person completing typical developmental tasks at certain stages of development lies in career adaptability. Career adaptability is an individual's readiness for a career in accordance with the effort to complete career-related developmental tasks. To suggest future development directions, this article systematically reviews the review literature on future adaptations. This article uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. This article uses 47 articles from 17 journals with research that has been conducted in various Asian countries, Europe, South America and other countries such as South Africa, China, Korea and Australia as the source. This article concludes that the adaptability possessed in adulthood is included in the high or mature category. Where it focuses more on aspects that are owned by the career and adult reasons why the adaptation at that time is high and the advantages that are owned when having the abilities possessed by a high or mature career. This article concludes with some suggestions for further research that could be produced in the future.
A Qualitative Study of Anxiety for Santri at the “Durrotu Ahlissunah Wal Jamaah Semarang” Islamic Boarding School in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zahid Akhmad , Munawaroh Eem
Published: September 2021

Anxiety is a normal symptom in humans. However, it will be called pathological if the symptoms persist and disturb the peace of the individual. Anxiety can occur as a result of a response to stress or conflict. The response is in the form of worry, anxiety, fear, and a sense of discomfort as a result of the threat of danger from inside and outside the individual. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the spread of COVID-19 to be categorized as a pandemic. This research is a descriptive study with qualitative methods. The research subjects were 5 students of the Durrotu Ahlissunah wal Jamaah Islamic Boarding School. The results showed that the students of the Durrotu Ahlissunah Wal Jamaah Islamic boarding school felt that there was no sense of feeling in the face of the ongoing Covid-19 conditions.
Profile of self-adjustment and level of academic stress during online learning in higher education
Authors: Azmiyyah Husnul , Lianawati Ayong
Published: September 2021

This study aims at determining the profile of self-adjustment and academic stress levels during the online learning period of students at Faculty of Engineering PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya. The method used was survey quantitative research. The sampling technique used was a saturated sample for a more accurate representation. There were 200 students of total from department of industry, electrical, environment, urban planning, fashion, make-up, and gastronomy. The data collection techniques used were two questionnaires, namely self-adjustment and academic stress which were collected through online application. The data analysis technique used in this research was descriptive statistics. The results show that the self-adjustment of engineering faculty students was in the poor and high category. The adjustment aspect in the low category was found in the aspect of expressing feelings for 62%, while the academic stress in the high category was found in the aspect of change for 78%. It can be concluded that most of research participants during the online learning were still in a stable condition. However, there were several percentages of aspects that were less than perfect in the process of either self-adjustment or the level of academic stress.
Associations Between Online Pornography Consumption and Sexual Dysfunction in Young Men: Multivariate Analysis Based on an International Web-Based Survey
Authors: Jacobs Tim , Geysemans Björn , Van Hal Guido , Glazemakers Inge , Fog-Poulsen Kristian , Vermandel Alexandra , De Wachter Stefan , De Win Gunter
Published: September 2021

Background

Expanding access to the internet has resulted in more and earlier consumption of online pornography. At the same time, a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among young men is seen. Increased pornography consumption has been suggested as a possible explanation for this rise.

Objective

The aim of this study was to better understand associations between problematic pornography consumption (PPC) and ED.

Methods

A 118-item survey was published online, and data collection took place between April 2019 and May 2020. Of the 5770 men who responded, the responses from 3419 men between 18 years old and 35 years old were analyzed. The survey used validated questionnaires such as the Cyber Pornography Addiction Test (CYPAT), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C). The estimated amount of porn watching was calculated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. For the multivariable analysis, a logistic regression model using a directed acyclic graph was used.

Results

According to their IIEF-5 scores, 21.48% (444/2067) of our sexually active participants (ie, those who attempted penetrative sex in the previous 4 weeks) had some degree of ED. Higher CYPAT scores indicating problematic online pornography consumption resulted in a higher probability of ED, while controlling for covariates. Masturbation frequency seemed not to be a significant factor when assessing ED.

Conclusions

This prevalence of ED in young men is alarmingly high, and the results of this study suggest a significant association with PPC.

Trial Registration

Research Registry researchregistry5111; https://tinyurl.com/m45mcaa2
Implementation of an Automated Dispensing Cabinet System and Its Impact on Drug Administration: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Yi-Chen , Tsan Chin-Yuan , Chen Meng-Chun
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

A technology that has been widely implemented in hospitals in the United States is the automated dispensing cabinet (ADC), which has been shown to reduce nurse drug administration errors and the time nurses spend administering drugs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the impact of an ADC system on medication administration by nurses as well as safety before and after ADC implementation.

METHODS

We conducted a 24-month-long longitudinal study at the National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Clinical observations and questionnaires were used to evaluate the time differences in drug preparation, delivery, and returns in the inpatient ward by nurses before and after using the ADC. Drug errors recorded in the Medical Incident Events system were assessed the year before and after ADC implementation.

RESULTS

The drug preparation time of the wards increased significantly (all P<.005). On average, 2 minutes of preparation time is needed for each patient. Only 1 unit showed an increase in the drug return time, but this was not significant. There were 9 (45%) adverse events during the drug administration phase, and 11 (55%) events occurred during the drug-dispensing phase. Although a decrease in the mean number of events reported was observed during the ADC implementation period, this difference was not significant. As for the questionnaire that were administered to the nurses, the overall mean score was 3.90; the highest score was for the item “I now spend less time waiting for medications that come from the pharmacy than before the ADC was implemented” (score=4.24). The item with the lowest score was “I have to wait in line to get my patient medications” (score=3.32).

CONCLUSIONS

The nurses were generally satisfied with ADC use over the 9 months following complete implementation and integration of the system. It was acknowledged that the ADC offers benefits in terms of pharmaceutical stock management; however, this comes at the cost of increased nursing time. In general, the nurses remained supportive of the benefits for their patients, despite consequences to their workflows. Their acceptance of the ADC system in this study demonstrates this.

CLINICALTRIAL
Perspectives of Patients and Therapists on Social Media and Digital Data Use in Mental Health Therapy: Thematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Southwick Lauren , Suh Rebecca , Kranzler Elissa , Bradley Megan , Merchant Raina M
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Incorporating insights from social media into the patient-provider encounter is increasingly being explored in health care settings. Less is known about the utility of these data in mental health therapy.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to prospectively investigate and characterize how social media and digital data are used in mental health therapy from both the patient and mental health therapist perspective.

METHODS

Patients enrolled in mental health therapy and mental health therapists were interviewed using a semistructured interview guide. All interviews were transcribed and coded using a deductive framework analysis. Themes and subthemes were identified. Participants completed a sociodemographic survey, while mental health therapists also completed a behavioral norms and elicitation survey.

RESULTS

Seventeen participants, that is, 8 (48%) mental health therapists and 9 (52%) patients were interviewed. Overall, participants identified 4 themes and 9 subthemes. Themes were current data collection practices, social media and digital data in therapy, advantages of social media and digital data in therapy, and disadvantages of social media and digital data in therapy. Most subthemes were related to the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating digital data in mental health therapy. Advantage subthemes included convenience, objective, builds rapport, and user-friendliness while disadvantage subthemes were nonreflective, ethically ambiguous, and nongeneralizable. The mental health therapists' behavioral norms and elicitation survey found that injunctive and descriptive normative beliefs mapped onto 2 advantage subthemes: convenience and objectivity.

CONCLUSIONS

This qualitative pilot study established the advantages and disadvantages of social media and digital data use in mental health therapy. Patients and therapists highlighted similar concerns and uses. This study indicated that overall, both patients and therapists are interested in and are comfortable to use and discuss social media and digital data in mental health therapy.
Implementing Electronic Health Records in Primary Care Using the Theory of Change: A Nigerian Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Adedeji Taiwo , Fraser Hamish , Scott Philip
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital health has been a tool of transformation for the delivery of healthcare services globally. An electronic health record (EHR) system can solve the bottlenecks of paper documentation in health service delivery if it is successfully implemented, but poor implementation can lead to a waste of resources. The study of EHR systems implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is of particular interest to health stakeholders such as policymakers, funding agencies and care providers due to the efficiencies and evidence base that could result from the appropriate evaluation of such systems.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop a theory of change (ToC) to assess the feasibility of EHR implementation for the delivery of maternal and child health (MCH) in LMICs. ToC is an outcomes-based approach that starts with the long-term goals and works backwards to the inputs and mediating components required to achieve those goals for complex programmes.

METHODS

We used the ToC approach to guide the pilot study and identify the preconditions needed to realize the study’s long-term goal in Festac Primary Health Centre (PHC), Lagos, Nigeria. To evaluate the maturity of the implementation, we adapted previously defined success factors to supplement the ToC approach.

RESULTS

We developed three ToC maps, which showed that the long-term change was the improved MCH service delivery in Festac PHC with the introduction of EHR. The EHR adoption and usage data from the system go-live revealed that the number of registered patients and patient registration forms completed on the EHR system was 1790. Antenatal care (ANC) and immunization encounter forms (n=198 and n=309) were completed. Vital signs (n=325) and visit notes (n=177) were entered into the EHR. We proposed a generic ToC map that LMIC implementers can use to introduce an optimized EHR with the assumptions about sustainability and other relevant factors. The critical success factors were the sustainability, financial and organizational categories.

CONCLUSIONS

This contribution shows that ToC is a rewarding approach in framing dialogue with stakeholders and serves as a framework for planning, evaluation, learning and reflection. We hypothesized that any future health IT implementation in primary care could adapt our ToC approach to their contexts with necessary modifications based on inherent characteristics.
Urological infections — 2021
Authors: Bonkat (Chair) G. , Bartoletti R. , Bruyère F. , Cai T. , Geerlings S.E. , Köves B. , Schubert S. , Wagenlehner F.
Published: September 2021

No abstract
A Study of Online Learning Motivation in the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation for Undergraduate Students at Shiraz University According to Their Gender and Field of Study
Authors: Vojdani Mehdi
Published: September 2021

The present study aims to determine the extent to which online learning (or e-learning) motivation during COVID-19 Pandemic for undergraduate students at Shiraz University in Shiraz, Iran. It also plans to compare students’ level of motivation for online learning, based on their gender and field of study. For these purposes, the researcher adopted a quantitative comparative research design, using a questionnaire which was developed and checked for internal consistency. The questionnaire was administered on 200 undergraduate students of civil engineering and psychology at Shiraz University. After the collected data were split by gender and field of study two independent samples t-tests were conducted to assess the significance of the results and to determine if there was a significant difference in their online learning motivation among the resulting groups for each independent variable. The research findings showed that undergraduate students are rather highly motivated to online learning regardless of their gender or field of study. No significant difference in online learning motivation between male and female university students was derived from the data analysis. However, in relation to field of study, it was found that the overall online learning motivation for civil engineering students was significantly higher than psychology students.
Filipino prospective teachers’ experiences in teaching in K12 science curriculum: A cross-sectional research
Authors: Antipolo Ace Mark R. , Rogayan Danilo V. Jr
Published: September 2021

The K12 science curriculum in the Philippines uses spiral progression which is a concept of learning approach where students revisit the same topics throughout their school career that increases complexity and reinforcement of previous learning. This cross-sectional study determined the experiences of Filipino prospective science teachers (PSTs) specializing in biology and physical science in teaching in the K12 science curriculum with emphasis of their challenges. The respondents of this study were 30 PSTs in five teacher education institutions (TEIs) in Central Luzon, Philippines. Results revealed that the PSTs rarely experience teaching challenges in the K12 science curriculum in terms of content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment, diversity of learners, curriculum and planning, assessment and reporting, community linkages and professional engagement, and in personal growth and professional development. No significant differences were noted in the challenges of PSTs when grouped according to profile variables. A positive significant moderate to high correlations were noted between and among the challenges variables. The study suggests that the administration continuously spearhead in-house seminars and equip prospective teachers with innovative teaching strategies. TEIs may also consider curriculum review to align the course syllabi in the teacher education curriculum to the Department of Education curriculum. Schools may further evaluate the policies, standards, and guidelines of the teacher education curriculum to make the science education degree programs relevant.
Cladogram misreading of undergraduate students in understanding evolutionary
Authors: Fuadiyah Sa'diatul , Hidayat Topik , Priyandoko Didik
Published: September 2021

The student's ability to understand evolutionary studies is determined by representing a phylogenetic tree or cladogram. This study aims to determine the tree thinking ability, especially the students' reading ability in interpreting the cladogram. This descriptive study involved 29 students as subjects. Students are selected by purposive random sampling, only students who have attended and studied evolution courses. The data collection instrument used tests and interview guidelines. The test questions consist of 20 multiple choice questions with five answer choices. The difficulty level of the questions used includes understanding, applying, analyzing, and evaluating. The phylogenetic tree interpretation refers to four indicators, including the most recent common ancestor (MRCA), monophyletic group, branch proximity, contemporary descendant, and counting the branch or nodes position. The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Anates-V4, then presented in percentage form. The results showed that many students misinterpreted the cladogram. Furthermore, errors in cladogram interpretation occurred in monophyletic group indicators (38%), most common ancestor (59%), branch proximity (41%), contemporary ancestry (39%), and branch position calculations (53%). These results indicate that misreading of analysis in cladogram interpretation is moderate to high, so it is necessary to formulate the most appropriate way to teach phylogenetic studies in evolution.
PHYSIOTHERAPY REHABILITATION IN PATIENT WITH BOW LEG DEFORMITY
Authors: Deshmukh Mitushi
Published: September 2021

The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The knee joins the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). The smaller bone that run alongside the tibia and the knee cap are the other bones that makes the knee joint. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and often affects the knee, due to ageing. It can be common in children also. Prompt physical therapy leads to achieve functional goals. Bow leg deformity also called as genu varum. In this the legs are curved outwards at the knees. It is rarely serious and usually goes away with treatment. A 58-year-oldlady presented with genu varum which was diagnosed since last six years. The patient complains of chronic pain and was unable to walk and sit on the floor. The patient started physiotherapy treatment which comprise of exercises, electrotherapy, gait training for a period of six weeks which resulted in improvements in pain, range of motion, functional activities. The present case report suggests that classic and prompt structure physical rehabilitation led to improving the functional goals progressively and significantly which majorly leads to a successful recovery
RISE OF RIFAXIMIN IN PAEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DIARRHOEA
Authors: Kesavelu Dhanasekhar
Published: September 2021

The incidence and risk of morality is high under the age of five years is due to diarrhoea. In India twenty percentages of paediatric deaths is due to diarrhoeal disease. It is the second cause of leading mortality in children after acute respiratory infections. Following on from the GEMS study when we looked at the data in the management of bacterial diarrhoea the primary treatments included oral rehydration solution, oral zinc probiotics and antibiotics. Anecdotally we noted that a lot of children were treated with oral antibiotics and the majority of them were treated with fluoroquinolones like Ofloxacin and drugs like Metronidazole there are multiple side-effects associated with the usage of fluoroquinolones and a major side-effect of that is the risk to the growing cartilage. We also noticed that irrational combinations such as imidazole like metronidazole have shown more problems than solutions .usage of Ofloxacin in children should be discouraged for all the side-effects plus the infectivity in the management of bacterial diarrhoea. The duration of treatment have paved the way for usage of drugs such as new molecules in paediatric i.e. rifaximin comes under the group of oral non-absorbable GI antibiotics broad-spectrum agents with antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative aerobes and Anaerobes makes Rifaximin a bactericidal drug in nature. Rifaximin is particularly recommended in children above the age of two years in acute infectious diarrhoea the mechanism of action of rifaximin is by inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase. In this review we discussed the “phrma” behind rifaximin, clinical experience of rifaximin in children and indications and dosage of rifaximin in paediatric.
Labor market in the UK in digital era: The gender dimension
Authors: Mosakova E. A. , Kizilova K.
Published: September 2021

The article considers gender discrimination in the field of labor relations in the United Kingdom (UK) in the pre-covid period. In the past decades, the Western European countries have made the most significant progress in achieving gender equality in various fields, including labor relations, and became the world leader in this area. However, despite all the efforts of the international community, no country has achieved a full gender equality, and Great Britain is no exception. The authors argue that the British anti-discrimination legislation (before leaving the European Union) was based on international acts and conventions. For a long time, there were acts and laws prohibiting discrimination in the labor market, which seriously hindered the implementation of an effective anti-discrimination policy in the sphere of labor relations. It was not until 2010 that the law on equality was passed to replace all previous laws and regulations and to provide an exhaustive list of criteria for prohibiting discrimination. As a result, Great Britain began to develop a rather strict national anti-discrimination legislation in the field of labor relations. Thus, in the past decades, the UK has been achieving gender equality in the economic sphere at a faster pace than the average European Union country. The study shows a steady decline in the gender wage gap in the UK over the past two decades, which may be considered one of the countrys most significant achievements in fighting gender discrimination in the labor market. However, there is still a number of serious challenges: a relatively low female labor force participation and employment rate, a gender wage gap and income gap, horizontal and vertical segregation, a gender gap in postgraduate education, and a significant gender gap in time spent on family responsibilities. Age discrimination presents a special problem in the sphere of labor relations in Great Britain. In the European Union, the first laws prohibiting age discrimination were adopted only in the 2000s, and in the UK - in 2006. This problem still remains extremely acute for the labor market, since age discrimination in the UK ranks third among the most common grounds for discrimination - after gender and disability.
HUBUNGAN SIMBIOSIS MASYARAKAT ACEH BESAR DENGAN TRADISI HINDU
Authors: Fazal Khairil , Mawardi Mawardi
Published: September 2021

The people of Aceh, which are known as the majority are Muslim, have various customs and traditions and cultures. However, some of the culture and customs of the Acehnese people do not come purely from Islam, but come from Hindu culture, such as Kenduri Blang, Kenduri Laot and Peusijuek culture. Peusijuek is a Hindu culture that has been Islamicized in accordance with Islamic law and has been carried out from generation to generation until now, the Islamization of Hindu culture occurred during the time of Sulthan Ali Mughayat Syah. The symbiotic relationship that occurred between the Acehnese people and the Hindu tradition had occurred thousands of years ago, because before Islam entered Aceh, Hinduism developed earlier in Aceh, so the culture used by the Acehnese at that time was Hindu culture, a symbiotic relationship. This was preceded by trade relations to establishing friendships between nations as well as resulting in cultural contact and inter-ethnic relations, which developed naturally in Aceh at that time. The method in this research is descriptive-qualitative. The data collection technique was carried out through interviews, observation, literature review by reading a number of books related to this research and documentation. The results showed that some of the Blang Bintang community acknowledged that the customs prevailing in Aceh were still influenced by Hindu culture. One of them is the peusijuek culture. The people of Blang Bintang believe that Peusijuek is a Hindu culture that has long developed in Aceh as a legacy from previous ancestors. However, things that are contrary to Islamic teachings have been adjusted after the Islamic Religion came and spread in Aceh.
SULUK DAN PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SOSIAL SALIK (TELAAH TEORI KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL PETER L BERGER DAN THOMAS LUCKMAN)
Authors: Asmanidar Asmanidar
Published: September 2021

Social change after following suluk is a result that must be achieved by the salik. The change in question is a change in attitude for the better in everyday life after following suluk. This article also aims to find out how to internalize the value of suluk on salik in life and social changes in society, and in this case it is reviewed from one of the theories put forward by Peter Berger. by referring to three aspects, namely externalization, objectification and internalization. This article is a study using qualitative and descriptive approaches, in which informants are obtained by using purposive sampling method. To analyze this paper, the author certainly still uses a social construction theory in which changes in society do not happen by themselves but there are certain patterns that encourage and influence them. Based on the results of what the author has done, both in the form of initial assessments and also interviews with several salik, namely to achieve internalization of the values of suluk in salik who have participated in suluk both in Lueng Ie dayah and Tgk, Zulfan, must have an objectivation externalization stage. only then at the internalization stage. In salik who have participated in suluk, not all of them are able to absorb the values that are applied to suluk worship activities significantly, this is due to the influence of interaction patterns and the process of assimilation with the outside environment that is still happening, so that these values have not been applied comprehensively in the form of changes. attitudes and behavior in social life, and this is of course not as easy as turning the palm of the hand. The salik must strive with all their might so that the very high values of suluk worship can be slowly applied in life in the hope of becoming an example for themselves and their environment.
The Development of Expected-Loss Methods of Accounting for Credit Losses: A Review with Analysis of Comment Letters
Authors: Hashim Noor , Li Weijia , O'Hanlon John
Published: September 2021

SYNOPSIS

After the financial crisis of the late 2000s, concern about delayed credit-loss recognition under the incurred-loss method prompted the FASB and the IASB to develop expected-loss methods. We review the development of these methods, including through comment-letter analysis. Initially, the FASB recommended immediate full recognition of expected losses, including at day one, and the IASB recommended spreading the recognition of initially expected losses across time. After unsuccessful attempts to converge based on proposals that partly reflected initial recommendations of each board, the boards eventually adopted different methods. We report that U.S. respondents largely opposed the FASB's final method, which required day-one recognition of all expected losses, and that non-U.S. respondents largely supported the IASB's final method, which required day-one recognition of 12-month expected losses. Day-one loss was controversial and impeded convergence. Our comment-letter analysis suggests that a day-one-loss-free more forward-looking incurred-loss method might provide a route to a more converged solution.

JEL Classifications: G21; M41.
Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the TODAY Study
Authors:   TODAY Study Group, Tryggestad Jeanie B. , Kelsey Megan M. , Drews Kimberly L. , Chernausek Steven D. , Escaname Elia N. , Isganaitis Elvira , Macleish Sarah , McKay Siripoom , Sprague Jennifer , Willi Steve
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study reported a 13.9% prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in youth with mean ± SD type 2 diabetes duration of 4.9 ± 1.5 years. After 7 years of additional follow-up, we report the risk factors for progression of DR in the TODAY cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Retinal photographs (n = 517) were obtained in 2010–2011 and again in 2017–2018 (n = 420) with standard stereoscopic seven-field digital fundus photography. Photographs were graded centrally using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale. A total of 367 patients with gradable fundus photographs in at least one eye at both assessments were included in analyses of progression of DR, defined as an increase of three or more steps on the ETDRS scale.

RESULTS

With mean ± SD age of 25.4 ± 2.5 years and diabetes duration of 12.0 ± 1.5 years, there was a 49% prevalence of any DR among participants. Prevalence by DR stage was as follows: 39% for very mild or mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), 6% moderate to severe NPDR, and 3.8% proliferative DR. Compared with nonprogressors, participants who progressed three or more steps had significantly lower BMI, higher HbA1c, higher blood pressure, increased triglycerides, decreased C-peptide, and higher prevalence of other comorbidities. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HbA1c was the dominant factor impacting DR progression.

CONCLUSIONS

Poor glycemic control of youth-onset type 2 diabetes imparts a high risk for progression of DR, including advanced, sight-threatening disease by young adulthood.
A Biomarker-Based Score for Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Berg David D. , Wiviott Stephen D. , Scirica Benjamin M. , Zelniker Thomas A. , Goodrich Erica L. , Jarolim Petr , Mosenzon Ofri , Cahn Avivit , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P.H. , Johanson Per , Langkilde Anna Maria , Raz Itamar , Braunwald Eugene , Sabatine Marc S. , Morrow David A.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

Heart failure (HF) is an impactful complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to develop and validate a risk score for hospitalization for HF (HHF) incorporating biomarkers and clinical factor(s) in patients with T2DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We derived a risk score for HHF using clinical data, high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), and N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) from 6,106 placebo-treated patients with T2DM in SAVOR-TIMI 53 (Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53). Candidate variables were assessed using Cox regression. The strongest indicators of HHF risk were included in the score using integer weights. The score was externally validated in 7,251 placebo-treated patients in DECLARE-TIMI 58 (Dapagliflozin Effect on CardiovascuLAR Events–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58). The effect of dapagliflozin on HHF was assessed by risk category in DECLARE-TIMI 58.

RESULTS

The strongest indicators of HHF risk were NT-proBNP, prior HF, and hsTnT (each P < 0.001). A risk score using these three variables identified a gradient of HHF risk (P-trend <0.001) in the derivation and validation cohorts, with C-indices of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84–0.89) and 0.84 (0.81–0.86), respectively. Whereas there was no significant effect of dapagliflozin versus placebo on HHF in the low-risk group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98 [95% CI 0.50–1.92]), dapagliflozin significantly reduced HHF in the intermediate-, high-, and very-high-risk groups (HR 0.64 [0.43–0.95], 0.63 [0.43–0.94], and 0.72 [0.54–0.96], respectively). Correspondingly, absolute risk reductions (95% CI) increased across these latter 3 groups: 1.0% (0.0–1.9), 3.0% (0.7–5.3), and 4.4% (−0.2 to 8.9) (P-trend <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

We developed and validated a risk score for HHF in T2DM that incorporated NT-proBNP, prior HF, and hsTnT. The risk score identifies patients at higher risk of HHF who derive greater absolute benefit from dapagliflozin.
Estimation of Web Distortion Effect on the Elastic and Plastic Limiting Lengths for Lateral Torsional Buckling through the Web Strain Results
Authors: BAS Selcuk
Published: September 2021

The present study is aimed to estimate the influence of the web distortion on the elastic (Lr) and plastic (Lp) limiting lengths given in the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC code) for the lateral torsional buckling behavior of steel beams. For this aim, the W44x335 beam is adopted in the buckling analyses carried out by the ABAQUS finite element (FE) program. The strain results at mid-height of the web at mid-span of the beam are taken into account as monitoring parameters. The web strain results are found highly greater than the yield strain value when L/Lr is equal to 1.0. Hence, the elastic limiting length (Lr) is required to be considered greater than the calculated length as per the code formulation. The section is obtained to reach the maximum strain value at the web before the unbraced length (L) is equal to the plastic limiting length (Lp). Therefore, the calculated Lp is estimated with the given analytical formulation to be highly shorter than the length through the FE analysis. These outcomes prove that the formulations of the limiting lengths proposed in the AISC code don’t consider the influence of the web distortion that is predicted to lead to reducing the torsional and warping rigidity of the section. With the study, it is proposed to determine a reduction coefficient by performing more numerical analyzes for different cross sections and free openings in the regulation.
Evaluación del estado nutricional en población geriátrica mexicana hospitalizada por medio del MNA
Authors: Olmos González Emmanuel , Mendieta Zerón Hugo , Hinojosa Juárez Araceli Consuelo , Rivero Navarro Miguel Angel
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: evaluar el estado nutricional en población geriátrica hospitalizada.Metodología: Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de Geriatría de un hospital de Tercer Nivel y se les aplicó el cuestionario Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).Resultados: Se evaluraon 175 pacientes, 87 hombres y 88 mujeres con promedios de edad de 74.83 y 77.45 años, respectivamente. En el grado de bien nutridos solamente hubo 3 hombres (3.44%) y 7 mujeres (7.95%), mientras que en riesgo de desnutrición estuvieron 12 hombres (13.79%) y 16 mujeres (18.18%), y tuvieron desnutrición 72 hombres (82.75%) y 65 mujeres (73.86%). Al comparar las variables entre ambos géneros, solo se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el IMC (p = 0.005).Conclusiones: El MNA es una excelente opción para evaluar el estado nutricional de los pacientes geriátricos y llama la atención la severidad de la desnutrición geriátrica en México.
Penggunaan Alat Pengasap Ikan Berbahan bakar Biomassa pada UKM Pengasapan Ikan Lele Kota Binjai
Authors: Tambunan Bisrul Hapis , Simanjuntak Janter Pangaduan , Teviana Tengku
Published: September 2021

Usaha pengasapan ikan lele mitra Bapak Hatono (55 tahun) terletak di Desa Limau Sundai, Kecamatan Binjai barat, Kotamadya Binjai. Mitra memulai usaha pengasapan ikan lele sejak tahun 2014. Saat ini mitra mempekerjakan 6 orang karyawan, 1 orang sebagai mandor sekaligus bagian pengasapan, 1 orang sebagai pengemasan dan transportasi, 4 orang bagian pembelahan dan pembersihan ikan, serta mengangin-anginkan (pelembaban) setalah pengasapan ikan. Kapasitas pengolahan mitra saat ini 800-1000 kg ikan lele segar per-minggu, menghasilkan ± 250-300 kg ikan lele asap per-minggu. Ikan hasil pengasapan dijual dengan harga Rp. 75.000-Rp.80.000/kg kepada pedagang, baik di daerah Kota Medan dan sekitarnya maupun ke daerah Tapanuli Utara, Tapanuli Selatan, Sibolga dan Mandailing Natal. Permasalahan utama adalah mahalnya harga kayu bakar yang dibeli dari pemasok sehingga keuntungan mitra menjadi kecil, bahkan ada kalanya ketersediaan kayu berkurang sehingga mitra harus menunda produksi sampai ada pasokan bahan bakar. Solusi utama yang diterapkan adalah merancang bangun alat pengasap ikan berbahan bakar limbah biomassa sekam padi dan serbuk kayu, dengan adanya alat ini mitra tidak kesulitan lagi dengan harga dan ketersediaan bahan bakar kayu. Alat ini juga dirancang dapat mengontrol suhu di dalam ruang pengasapan, sehingga kwalitas ikan asap dapat terjaga.
Wertheim’s Operation. Problems and achievments
Authors: Ivashchuk O. , Seniutovych R. , Shumko B. , HovornianС S. , Halaturnyk I.
Published: September 2021

Aim. Analysis of modern modification of Wertheim’s operation and its results in Bukovina region for last 10 years.Methods. Analysis of literature in internet. Data about morbidity and mortality of cancer colli uteri in Chernivtsi Oncology Center.Results. An original description of the technique of radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer by Wertheim is presented. Modifications of the Wertheim operation with various classifications of interventions are considered. In first class of this classification are included extra fascial hysterectomies without resection of tissues, lymph nodules and fascia of pelvis which directly contradicts the principles of Wertheim's operation. The results of radical laparoscopic hysterectomy for cervical cancer are discussed. In 2019 trials, there was an almost three-fold excess of relapses after laparoscopic hysterectomies compared to open operations. The issues of the epidemiology of cervical cancer in Ukraine and Bukovina are considered. The incidence of cervical cancer in the Chernivtsi region was about 70 patients per year, or 8.4 per 100,000 population (data from 2016-2018). Cervical cancer mortality was from 40 to 43 people annually or 4.3-4.7 per 100,000 population. Wertheim’s operation is performed annually in 26-34 women and is practically not accompanied by complications and mortality.Conclusion. Wertheim’s operation is safe and unique method for treatment of cervical cancer.