bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rurality and Collective Attitude Effects on Wolf Policy
Authors: Eriksson Max
Published: July 2016

Debates over wolf policy are driven by an underlying attitudinal divide between people from urban and rural areas. This study explores how the power relationship between urban and rural groups interact with individual attitude formation in relation to wolf policy, in order to understand why dissatisfaction with wolf policy tends to result in group level conflict patterns. Using Swedish survey data, I analyze attitudes to wolf policy, in relation to collective level effects and rural political alienation. Findings indicate that individual level attitudes towards the Swedish wolf policy are in part determined by collective attitude patterns: effects that could be contingent on political alienation. This highlights the possibility of reducing attitude polarization with respect to the wolf policy, by addressing political alienation among the rural population.
Effects of Pig Slurry as Basal and Panicle Fertilizer on Trace Element Content and Grain Quality in Direct-Seeding Rice
Authors: Huang Lifen , Yang Jie , Gao Wei , Yang Weikang , Cui Xiaoyi , Zhuang Hengyang
Published: July 2016

Direct-seeding rice has grown in popularity in recent years and is widespread in China. This study focused on the effects of pig slurry (PS) on grain quality and safety in direct-seeding rice. Application of more than 210 m3·hm−2 increased rice yield and dry matter accumulation, compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment (CK2). At the heading and maturing stage, a high dosage of PS (T6, T8 and T9 treatments) promoted uptake of Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn by rice plants and grain, but retarded uptake of Cr, Co and Ni, indicating an ability to alleviate toxicity of some heavy metals. Compared with CK2, PS alleviated the transfer of Pb, Cr, Co, Ni and Cu from straw to grain, but enhanced the transport of Zn, Fe and Mn. Although PS application slightly diminished the processing quality, including brown rice, milled rice and head milled rice, it significantly decreased the amylose content, optimized the starch profile, and improved the overall quality. The results confirmed the feasibility and safety of PS application to direct-seeding rice, and determined that PS basal and panicle fertilizer could increase yield and improve the rice quality when applied between 210 and 240 m3·hm−2.
On the cause of low thermal stability of ethyl halodiazoacetates
Authors: Mortén Magnus , Hennum Martin , Bonge-Hansen Tore
Published: July 2016

Rates for the thermal decomposition of ethyl halodiazoacetates (halo = Cl, Br, I) have been obtained, and reported herein are their half-lives. The experimental results are supported by DFT calculations, and we provide a possible explanation for the reduced thermal stability of ethyl halodiazoacetates compared to ethyl diazoacetate and for the relative decomposition rates between the chloro, bromo and iodo analogs. We have also briefly studied the thermal, non-catalytic cyclopropanation of styrenes and compared the results to the analogous Rh(II)-catalyzed reactions.
THE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE BOÖTES I ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY*
Authors: Frebel Anna , Norris John E. , Gilmore Gerard , Wyse Rosemary F. G.
Published: July 2016

We present chemical abundance measurements of two metal-poor red giant stars in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Boötes I, based on Magellan/MIKE high-resolution spectra. For Boo-980, with

, we present the first elemental abundance measurements, while Boo-127, with

, shows abundances in good agreement with previous measurements. Light and iron-peak element abundance ratios in the two Boötes I stars, as well as those of most other Boötes I members, collected from the literature, closely resemble those of regular metal-poor halo stars. Neutron-capture element abundances Sr and Ba are systematically lower than the main halo trend and also show a significant abundance spread. Overall, this is similar to what has been found for other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. We apply corrections to the carbon abundances (commensurate with stellar evolutionary status) of the entire sample and find 21% of stars to be carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars, compared to 13% without using the carbon correction. We reassess the metallicity distribution functions for the CEMP stars and non-CEMP stars, and confirm earlier claims that CEMP stars might belong to a different, earlier population. Applying a set of abundance criteria to test to what extent Boötes I could be a surviving first galaxy suggests that it is one of the earliest assembled systems that perhaps received gas from accretion from other clouds in the system, or from swallowing a first galaxy or building block type object. This resulted in the two stellar populations observable today.
THE SEARCH FOR MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS IN LOCAL VOLUME AGNs WITH HERSCHEL-PACS*
Authors: Stone M. , Veilleux S. , Meléndez M. , Sturm E. , Graciá-Carpio J. , González-Alfonso E.
Published: July 2016

We present the results from a systematic search for galactic-scale, molecular (OH 119 μm) outflows in a sample of 52 Local Volume (

Mpc) Burst Alert Telescope detected active galactic nuclei (BAT AGNs) with Herschel-PACS. We combine the results from our analysis of the BAT AGNs with the published Herschel/PACS data of 43 nearby (

) galaxy mergers, mostly ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and QSOs. The objects in our sample of BAT AGNs have, on average,

times lower AGN luminosities, star formation rates, and stellar masses than those of the ULIRG and QSO samples. OH 119 μm is detected in 42 of our BAT AGN targets. Evidence for molecular outflows (i.e., OH absorption profiles with median velocities more blueshifted than −50 km s−1 and/or blueshifted wings with 84% velocities less than −300 km s−1) is seen in only four BAT AGNs (NGC 7479 is the most convincing case). Evidence for molecular inflows (i.e., OH absorption profiles with median velocities more redshifted than 50 km s−1) is seen in seven objects, although an inverted P-Cygni profile is detected unambiguously in only one object (Circinus). Our data show that both the starburst and AGN contribute to driving OH outflows, but the fastest OH winds require AGNs with quasar-like luminosities. We also confirm that the total absorption strength of OH 119 μm is a good proxy for dust optical depth as it correlates strongly with the 9.7 μm silicate absorption feature, a measure of obscuration originating in both the nuclear torus and host galaxy disk.
KINETIC SIMULATIONS OF THE LOWEST-ORDER UNSTABLE MODE OF RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOSTATIC EQUILIBRIA
Authors: Nalewajko Krzysztof , Zrake Jonathan , Yuan Yajie , East William E. , Blandford Roger D.
Published: July 2016

We present the results of particle-in-cell numerical pair plasma simulations of relativistic two-dimensional magnetostatic equilibria known as the “Arnold–Beltrami–Childress” fields. In particular, we focus on the lowest-order unstable configuration consisting of two minima and two maxima of the magnetic vector potential. Breaking of the initial symmetry leads to exponential growth of the electric energy and to the formation of two current layers, which is consistent with the picture of “X-point collapse” first described by Syrovatskii. Magnetic reconnection within the layers heats a fraction of particles to very high energies. After the saturation of the linear instability, the current layers are disrupted and the system evolves chaotically, diffusing the particle energies in a stochastic second-order Fermi process, leading to the formation of power-law energy distributions. The power-law slopes harden with the increasing mean magnetization, but they are significantly softer than those produced in simulations initiated from Harris-type layers. The maximum particle energy is proportional to the mean magnetization, which is attributed partly to the increase of the effective electric field and partly to the increase of the acceleration timescale. We describe in detail the evolving structure of the dynamical current layers and report on the conservation of magnetic helicity. These results can be applied to highly magnetized astrophysical environments, where ideal plasma instabilities trigger rapid magnetic dissipation with efficient particle acceleration and flares of high-energy radiation.
REVISITING STOCHASTIC VARIABILITY OF AGNs WITH STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Kozłowski Szymon
Published: July 2016

Discrepancies between reported structure function (SF) slopes and their overall flatness as compared to the expectations from the damped random walk (DRW) model, which generally well describes the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), have triggered us to study this problem in detail. We review common AGN variability observables and identify their most common problems. Equipped with this knowledge, we study ∼9000 r-band AGN light curves from Stripe 82 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, using SFs described by stochastic processes with the power exponential covariance matrix of the signal. We model the “subensemble” SFs in the redshift–absolute magnitude bins with the full SF equation (including the turnover and the noise part) and a single power law (SPL; in the “red noise regime” after subtracting the noise term). The distribution of full-equation SF (SPL) slopes peaks at

(0.52 ± 0.06) and is consistent with the DRW model. There is a hint of a weak correlation of γ with the luminosity and a lack of correlation with the black hole mass. The typical decorrelation timescale in the optical is

year. The SF amplitude at one year obtained from the SPL fitting is

mag and is overestimated because the SF is already at the turnover part, so the true value is

mag. The asymptotic variability is

mag. It is strongly anticorrelated with both the luminosity and the Eddington ratio and is correlated with the black hole mass. The reliability of these results is fortified with Monte Carlo simulations.
A BAYESIAN ESTIMATE OF THE CMB–LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE CROSS-CORRELATION
Authors: Moura-Santos E. , Carvalho F. C. , Penna-Lima M. , Novaes C. P. , Wuensche C. A.
Published: July 2016

Evidences for late-time acceleration of the universe are provided by multiple probes, such as Type Ia supernovae, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and large-scale structure (LSS). In this work, we focus on the integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) effect, i.e., secondary CMB fluctuations generated by evolving gravitational potentials due to the transition between, e.g., the matter and dark energy (DE) dominated phases. Therefore, assuming a flat universe, DE properties can be inferred from ISW detections. We present a Bayesian approach to compute the CMB–LSS cross-correlation signal. The method is based on the estimate of the likelihood for measuring a combined set consisting of a CMB temperature and galaxy contrast maps, provided that we have some information on the statistical properties of the fluctuations affecting these maps. The likelihood is estimated by a sampling algorithm, therefore avoiding the computationally demanding techniques of direct evaluation in either pixel or harmonic space. As local tracers of the matter distribution at large scales, we used the Two Micron All Sky Survey galaxy catalog and, for the CMB temperature fluctuations, the ninth-year data release of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP9). The results show a dominance of cosmic variance over the weak recovered signal, due mainly to the shallowness of the catalog used, with systematics associated with the sampling algorithm playing a secondary role as sources of uncertainty. When combined with other complementary probes, the method presented in this paper is expected to be a useful tool to late-time acceleration studies in cosmology.
C60 AS A PROBE FOR ASTROPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Brieva A. C. , Gredel R. , Jäger C. , Huisken F. , Henning T.
Published: July 2016

The C60 molecule has been recently detected in a wide range of astrophysical environments through its four active intramolecular vibrational modes (T
1u) near 18.9, 17.4, 8.5, and 7.0 μm. The strengths of the mid-infrared emission bands have been used to infer astrophysical conditions in the fullerene-rich regions. Widely varying values of the relative intrinsic strengths (RIS) of these four bands are reported in laboratory and theoretical papers, which impedes the derivation of the excitation mechanism of C60 in the astrophysical sources. The spectroscopic analysis of the C60 samples produced with our method delivers highly reproducible RIS values of 100, 25 ± 1, 26 ± 1 and 40 ± 4. A comparison of the inferred C60 emission band strengths with the astrophysical data shows that the observed strengths cannot be explained in terms of fluorescent or thermal emission alone. The large range in the observed 17.4 μm/18.9 μm emission ratios indicates that either the emission bands contain significant contributions from emitters other than C60, or that the population distribution among the C60 vibrational modes is affected by physical processes other than thermal or UV excitation, such as chemo-luminescence from nascent C60 or possibly Poincaré fluorescence resulting from an inverse internal energy conversion. We have carefully analyzed the effect of the weakly active fundamental modes and second order modes in the mid-infrared spectrum of C60, and propose that neutral C60 is the carrier of the unidentified emission band at 6.49 μm which has been observed in fullerene-rich environments.
SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF MODERATELY OBSCURED (COMPTON-THIN) ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SELECTED BY SWIFT/BAT HARD X-RAY SURVEY
Authors: Kawamuro Taiki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tazaki Fumie , Ricci Claudio , Terashima Yuichi
Published: July 2016

We report the results obtained by a systematic, broadband (0.5–150 keV) X-ray spectral analysis of moderately obscured (Compton-thin,

22
≤
log

N

H

<
24

) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed with Suzaku and Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Our sample consists of 45 local AGNs at

z
<
0.1

with

log

L

14
−
195

keV

>
42

detected in the Swift/BAT 70-month survey, whose Suzaku archival data are available as of 2015 December. All spectra are uniformly fit with a baseline model composed of an absorbed cutoff power-law component, reflected emission accompanied by a narrow fluorescent iron-Kα line from cold matter (torus), and scattered emission. The main results based on the above analysis are as follows. (1) The photon index is correlated with Eddington ratio, but not with luminosity or black hole mass. (2) The ratio of the luminosity of the iron-Kα line to the X-ray luminosity an indicator of the covering fraction of the torus, shows significant anticorrelation with luminosity. (3) The averaged reflection strength derived from stacked spectra above 14 keV is larger in less luminous (

log

L

10
−
50

keV

≤
43.3

,

R
=

1.04

−
0.19

+
0.17

) or highly obscured (

log

N

H

>
23

,

R
=

1.03

−
0.17

+
0.15

) AGNs than in more luminous (

log

L

10
−
50

keV

>
43.3

,

R
=

0.46

−
0.09

+
0.08

) or lightly obscured (

log

N

H

≤
23

,

R
=

0.59

−
0.10

+
0.09

) objects. (4) The ratio of the luminosity of the

[
O

IV
]

25.89 μm line to the X-ray luminosity is significantly smaller in AGNs with lower soft X-ray scattering fractions, suggesting that the former luminosity underestimates the intrinsic power of an AGN buried in a torus of small opening angle.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOOTPOINTS OF SOLAR MAGNETIC FLUX ROPES DURING ERUPTIONS
Authors: Cheng X. , Ding M. D.
Published: July 2016

We investigate the footpoints of four erupted magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) that appear as sigmoidal hot channels prior to the eruptions in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly high temperature passbands. The simultaneous Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager observations disclose that one footpoint of the MFRs originates in the penumbra or penumbra edge with a stronger magnetic field, while the other originates in the moss region with a weaker magnetic field. The significant deviation of the axes of the MFRs from the main polarity inversion lines and associated filaments suggests that the MFRs have ascended to a high altitude, thus becoming distinguishable from the source sigmoidal active regions. Further, with the eruption of the MFRs, the average inclination angle and direct current at the footpoints with stronger magnetic fields tend to decrease, which is suggestive of a straightening and untwisting of the magnetic field in the MFR legs. Moreover, the associated flare ribbons also display an interesting evolution. They initially appear as sporadic brightenings at the two footpoints of the MFRs and in the regions below, and then quickly extend to two slender sheared J-shaped ribbons with the two hooks corresponding to the two ends of the MFRs. Finally, the straight parts of the two ribbons separate from each other, evolving into two widened parallel ones. These features mostly conform to and support the recently proposed three-dimensional standard coronal mass ejection/flare model, i.e., the twisted MFR eruption stretches and leads to the reconnection of the overlying field that transits from a strong to weak shear with increasing height.
A ROBUST MEASURE OF DARK MATTER HALO ELLIPTICITIES
Authors: Evslin Jarah
Published: July 2016

In simulations of the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM), dark matter halos are aspherical. However, so far the asphericity of an individual galaxy’s halo has never been robustly established. We use the Jeans equations to define a quantity that robustly characterizes a deviation from rotational symmetry. This quantity is essentially the gravitational torque and it roughly provides the ellipticity projected along the line of sight. We show that the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), with a single epoch of observations combined with those of the Gaia Space Telescope, can distinguish the ΛCDM value of the torque from zero for each Sculptor-like dwarf galaxy with a confidence between 0 and 5σ, depending on the orientation of each halo. With two epochs of observations, TMT will achieve a 5σ discovery of torque and thus asphericity for most such galaxies, thus providing a new and powerful test of the ΛCDM model.
Q1549-C25: A CLEAN SOURCE OF LYMAN-CONTINUUM EMISSION AT z = 3.15∗
Authors: Shapley Alice E. , Steidel Charles C. , Strom Allison L. , Bogosavljević Milan , Reddy Naveen A. , Siana Brian , Mostardi Robin E. , Rudie Gwen C.
Published: July 2016

We present observations of Q1549-C25, an

∼

L

*

star-forming galaxy at z = 3.15 for which Lyman-continuum (LyC) radiation is significantly detected in deep Keck/LRIS spectroscopy. We find no evidence of contamination from a lower-redshift interloper close to the line of sight in the high signal-to-noise spectrum of Q1549-C25. Furthermore, the morphology of Q1549-C25 in V
606, J
125, and H
160
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging reveals that the object consists of a single, isolated component within 1″. In combination, these data indicate Q1549-C25 as a clean spectroscopic detection of LyC radiation, only the second such object discovered to date at z ∼ 3. We model the spectral energy distribution of Q1549-C25, finding evidence of negligible dust extinction, an age (assuming continuous star formation) of ∼1 Gyr, and a stellar mass of

M

*

=
7.9
×

10

9

M

⊙

. Although it is not possible to derive strong constraints on the absolute escape fraction of LyC emission, f
esc(LyC), from a single object, we use simulations of intergalactic and circumgalactic absorption to infer

f

esc

(
LyC
)
≥
0.51

at 95% confidence. The combination of deep Keck/LRIS spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope imaging is required to assemble a larger sample of objects like Q1549-C25, and obtain robust constraints on the average f
esc(LyC) at z ∼ 3 and beyond.
Les réactions en Belgique au traité de Turin de 1860. Enjeux sécuritaires et effervescence patriotique
Authors: Chevalier Christophe
Published: July 2016

Du jour où Napoléon III a restauré le trône impérial de France, le gouvernement belge n’a plus pu regarder sans inquiétudes les remous provoqués par les velléités annexionnistes de son turbulent voisin. Le traité de Turin est à cet égard un moment clé : l’annexion de Nice et de la Savoie ranime l’ambition séculaire de la politique étrangère française, le rêve quasi mythique des frontières naturelles. Si les autorités belges craignent une manœuvre similaire pour s’emparer de la Belgique, le traité de Turin a aussi eu un impact fondamental dans le développement du sentiment national belge. C’est précisément cette « sécuritisation » du sentiment national dans la politique étrangère belge que cet article se propose d’aborder.
Itinéraire d’un enfant du xix e siècle : Charles Tissot (1828-1884), diplomate et archéologue
Authors: Jestin Mathieu
Published: July 2016

L’étude du parcours personnel de Charles Tissot s’insère dans le renouveau des biographies en histoire des relations internationales. Sa trajectoire est intéressante dans la mesure où sa carrière exhaustive au service du Quai d’Orsay se double d’une intense activité de recherche archéologique, reconnue et louée, pour son plus grand plaisir, par ses pairs. Outre ses rapports officiels et ses publications scientifiques, Charles Tissot a entretenu une abondante correspondance familiale et amicale qu’il a léguée à l’archéologue Salomon Reinach. Ses papiers personnels nous permettent dès lors d’aller au-delà de l’étude linéaire de son parcours et de se pencher sur la culture et les pratiques d’un savant et diplomate, avant tout enfant de son siècle.
Woodrow Wilson, Charles R. Crane et la Révolution de février 1917. Le rêve d’une diplomatie évangélique
Authors: Leclair Zacharie
Published: July 2016

Après la Révolution de février 1917, alors que les États-Unis viennent d’entrer en guerre avec l’objectif avoué de réformer les relations entre les peuples et que le front russe s’anéantit, il devient impératif pour les Américains de soutenir le gouvernement provisoire contre les forces réclamant un armistice. Inspiré par un de ses proches amis, un philanthrope du nom de Charles R. Crane, le président Woodrow Wilson envoie une délégation diplomatique chargée de convaincre les Russes de poursuivre la guerre. Or, parmi elle se trouvent plus que des diplomates. Des représentants des cercles missionnaires, incluant Crane, donnent à cette tournée un aspect méconnu qui révèle un des traits essentiels du wilsonisme : sa dimension chrétienne et humanitaire comme pierre d’assise d’un nouvel ordre mondial.
L’action cinématographique française en Roumanie de 1945 à la Guerre froide
Authors: Vasile Aurélia
Published: July 2016

La présence cinématographique française en Roumanie après la Seconde Guerre mondiale repose principalement sur les actions marchandes de sociétés privées (maisons de location, sociétés de distributions, etc.), mais à la différence de la période d’avant-guerre, la machine diplomatique française se met marche pour soutenir par des interventions ponctuelles un film, une société, en faisant l’interface entre les différents partenaires publics et privés, français et roumains. L’objectif principal des Français est de maintenir la présence culturelle en Roumanie, mais il se heurte à la forte résistance et hostilité des autorités roumaines épaulées par les Soviétiques qui, dans le contexte de Guerre froide et de formation des blocs idéologiques, érigent des barrières à l’importation des films occidentaux. Cet article analyse les actions et les stratégies entreprises par la diplomatie française pour préserver le film français sur les écrans roumains et saisit les réactions roumaines à travers la politique des importations ou les règles de censure.
Early Postoperative Complications After Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Churchill Jessica , Menendez Mariano E. , Ponce Brent A.
Published: July 2016

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological disorder in the United States, but little is known about its effect in the perioperative shoulder surgery setting. The authors sought to determine whether patients with epilepsy undergoing shoulder arthroplasty would be at increased risk for in-hospital adverse events, prolonged length of stay, and nonroutine disposition. Using the National Inpatient Sample (2002–2011), 422,371 adults undergoing shoulder arthroplasty were identified, 3714 (0.9%) of whom had epilepsy. Comparisons of perioperative outcomes were performed by multivariable logistic regression modeling. The authors found that patients with epilepsy were more likely to experience postoperative adverse events (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54–1.84), including mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 2.81–5.44), gastrointestinal complication (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.78–5.37), deep venous thrombosis (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.22–4.69), pneumonia (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.35–2.04), posthemorrhagic anemia (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.42–1.73), transfusion (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.41–1.72), and acute renal failure (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04–1.74). An epilepsy diagnosis was also associated with increased odds for prolonged hospital stay (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.28–1.52) and nonroutine discharge (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.67–1.94). This study concludes that patients with epilepsy are at higher risk for early postoperative complications and resource use following shoulder arthroplasty surgery. Awareness of these risks may allow more targeted perioperative management of these patients to optimize postoperative outcomes and limit complications. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(6):e1075–e1079.]
A Simple Method for Fixation of Proximal Opening-Wedge Osteotomy of the First Metatarsal for Correction of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Bagatur A. Erdem , Albayrak Mehmet , Akman Yunus Emre , Yalcinkaya Merter , Ozer Utku Erdem , Yalcin Mehmet Burak
Published: July 2016

A simple, inexpensive technique for fixation of proximal opening-wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal for correction of moderate or severe hallux valgus (HV) is described. After the opening-wedge osteotomy and bone grafting of the first metatarsal have been performed, 2 Kirschner wires are introduced for internal fixation and removed 8 weeks postoperatively. Twenty-three patients with symptomatic HV who had a proximal medial opening-wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal in combination with a distal soft tissue procedure and bunionectomy were evaluated retrospectively. All osteotomies healed without complications and satisfaction was achieved in 22 patients. Hallux varus developed in 1 patient. Preoperatively, mean HV angle (HVA) was 41° (range, 35°–61°) and mean 1–2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA) was 19° (range, 16°–24°). Postoperatively, mean HVA was 14° (range, 10°–17°) and mean 1–2 IMA was 7° (range, 5°–9°). The mean decrease in the HVA was 27° (
P
<.001) and the mean decrease in the 1–2 IMA was 12° (
P
<.001). [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(6):e1213–e1217.]
Total Knee Arthroplasty After Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Older Than 50 Years
Authors: Boyd Jason A. , Gradisar Ian M.
Published: July 2016

Several orthopedic registries have described the incidence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients who have undergone knee arthroscopy. Patient risk factors may play a role in the conversion rate from knee arthroscopy to TKA. This study quantifies the incidence of conversion of knee arthroscopy to TKA from a US mixed-payer database and describes some common patient risk factors for conversion. The medical records of more than 50 million patients who were treated between 1998 and 2014 were mined with a commercially available software platform. During the study period, a total of 68,090 patients older than 50 years underwent knee arthroscopy for partial meniscectomy, chondroplasty, or debridement. Reported rates of TKA at 1, 2, and 3 years after arthroscopy were 10.1%, 13.7%, and 15.6%, respectively. Obesity, depressive disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and age 70 years and older were associated with increased relative risk of conversion to TKA at 2 years. When obesity was combined individually with the top 5 other risk factors, no combination produced a higher relative risk than that of obesity alone. Patients who were 50 to 54 years of age had the lowest incidence of conversion to TKA (8.3%,
P
<.001). Men had a lower incidence of conversion to TKA (11.3%) than women (15.8%,
P
<.001). This information can help surgeons to counsel patients on the incidence of TKA after knee arthroscopy and identify preoperative risk factors that increase risk. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(6):e1041–e1044.]
Complicated Outcomes After Emergent Lower Extremity Surgery in Patients With Solid Organ Transplants
Authors: Reid Alexander T. , Perdue Aaron , Goulet James A. , Robbins Christopher B. , Pour Aidin Eslam
Published: July 2016

The complications of emergent or urgent surgery in solid organ transplant recipients are unclear. The goal of this nonrandomized retrospective case study, conducted at a large public university teaching hospital, was to determine the following: (1) 90-day postsurgical complications in solid organ transplant recipients who undergo fracture surgery of the lower extremities; (2) 90-day and 1-year mortality rates for this cohort; (3) correlation of particular postsurgical complications with the 90-day or 1-year mortality rate; and (4) correlation of body mass index with the 90-day or 1-year mortality rate. Subjects included 36 solid organ transplant recipients who underwent surgical treatment for 37 emergent or urgent lower extremity fractures within 72 hours of presentation to the emergency department. Patients were followed for all medical and surgical complications for 90 days and for all-cause mortality for 1 year. Within 90 days of surgery, patients had complications that included acute renal failure (15, 40.5%), deep venous thrombosis (3, 8.1%), pulmonary embolus (2, 5.4%), pneumonia (7, 18.9%), superficial surgical site infection (3, 8.1%), and nonorthopedic sepsis (4, 10.8%). In addition, 3 (8.1%) and 5 (13.9%) patients died within 90 days and 1 year, respectively. Hospital readmission correlated with a higher 1-year mortality rate (odds ratio, 14.000;
P
=.016). Higher body mass index correlated with higher 90-day (odds ratio, 1.425;
P
=.035) and 1-year (odds ratio, 1.334;
P
=.033) mortality rates. Solid organ transplant recipients with lower extremity fracture have high 90-day and 1-year mortality rates and may have multiple complications within 90 days of treatment. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(6):e1063–e1069.]
The Development of Mobile Learning Application using Jigsaw Technique
Authors: Sulisworo Dwi , Ishafit Ishafit , Firdausy Kartika
Published: July 2016

Teacher ability to arrange learning environmet will affect the student’s interest in learning as well in utilizing mobile technology. The purpose of this research is to develop mobile learning using the cooperative learning approach especially Jigsaw technique. The method of this research is development research using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The application was validated by experts for technical aspects and also students from two different grades, i.e grade VII and grade VIII on physics subject for application acceptance responses. The result showed that both technically and application acceptance were in good level. It means that this mobile cooperative learning application can used to enhance student’s learning interest.
Mobile Learning in Malaysian Universities: Are Students Ready?
Authors: Ismail Issham , Azizan Siti Norbaya , Gunasegaran Thenmolli
Published: July 2016

Prior to embarking on mobile learning, it is critical for learning institutions to research the area of finding the right ingredient for the right learners by firstly seeking whether they are ready to adapt to the mobility of learning. Adding a Malaysian perspective, the purpose of this paper was to present a quantitative study on university students’ readiness for the integration of mobile technologies in education system within their learning institutions. The study was carried out in 11 public universities in Malaysia, whereby 55 questionnaires were randomly distributed to students in each campus. Out of a total of 605 questionnaires distributed, 551 were returned. Overall, the descriptive results were relatively neutral and thus, indicating that they were moderately ready for the educational use of mobile technology. Furthermore, some were quite concerned on cost issue. Despite this, respondents were somewhat agree that they are interested to know more about mobile learning. As a result of the data analysis, some important issues emerged which give rise to the importance of assessing students’ readiness for a successful implementation of mobile learning. These findings may function as anchor-points for further research should mobile learning is to be employed widely in Malaysian higher education setting.
Survey on the Use of the Mobile Learning Based on Mobile Cloud Computing
Authors: Rimale Zouhair , El Habib Benlahmar , Tragha Abderrahim , El Guemmat Kamal
Published: July 2016

With the continued growth of wireless technology and the development of mobile computing, mobile learning (m-learning) has become one of the most important ways of learning. However, the traditional way of m-learning has a lot of limitations and disadvantages. For some time the Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is an adoptable technology for most organizations with dynamic scalability and utilization of virtualized resources as a service over the Internet. MCC is growing rapidly, with applications in almost all areas, including education. Today, there are several researches confirming that MCC is a good way to overcome the disadvantages and limitations associated with the traditional way of m-Learning. This article is an attempt to clarify the definition and benefits of m-learning and MCC while presenting their existing work.
Adaptive Hybrid Higher Order Neural Networks for Prediction of Stock Market Behavior
Authors: Nayak Sarat Chandra , Misra Bijan Bihari , Behera Himansu Sekhar
Published: July 2016

This chapter presents two higher order neural networks (HONN) for efficient prediction of stock market behavior. The models include Pi-Sigma, and Sigma-Pi higher order neural network models. Along with the traditional gradient descent learning, how the evolutionary computation technique such as genetic algorithm (GA) can be used effectively for the learning process is also discussed here. The learning process is made adaptive to handle the noise and uncertainties associated with stock market data. Further, different prediction approaches are discussed here and application of HONN for time series forecasting is illustrated with real life data taken from a number of stock markets across the globe.
Ultra High Frequency Polynomial and Trigonometric Higher Order Neural Networks for Control Signal Generator
Authors: Zhang Ming
Published: July 2016

This chapter develops a new nonlinear model, Ultra high frequency Polynomial and Trigonometric Higher Order Neural Networks (UPT-HONN), for control signal generator. UPT-HONN includes UPS-HONN (Ultra high frequency Polynomial and Sine function Higher Order Neural Networks) and UPC-HONN (Ultra high frequency Polynomial and Cosine function Higher Order Neural Networks). UPS-HONN and UPC-HONN model learning algorithms are developed in this chapter. UPS-HONN and UPC-HONN models are used to build nonlinear control signal generator. Test results show that UPS-HONN and UPC-HONN models are better than other Polynomial Higher Order Neural Network (PHONN) and Trigonometric Higher Order Neural Network (THONN) models, since UPS-HONN and UPC-HONN models can generate control signals with error approaching 0.0000%.
Quantum Behaved Swarm Intelligent Techniques for Image Analysis
Authors: Dey Sandip , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Maulik Ujjwal
Published: July 2016

In this chapter, an exhaustive survey of quantum behaved techniques on swarm intelligent is presented. The techniques have been categorized into different classes, and in conclusion, a comparison is made according to the benefits of the approaches taken for review. The above-mentioned techniques are classified based on the information they exploit, for instance, neural network related, meta-heuristic and evolutionary algorithm related, and other distinguished approaches are considered. Neural Network-Based Approaches exhibit a few brain-like activities, which are programmatically complicated, for instance, learning, optimization, etc. Meta-Heuristic Approaches update solution generation-wise for optimization, and the approaches differ based on the problem definition.
Analytics on Fireworks Algorithm Solving Problems with Shifts in the Decision Space and Objective Space
Authors: Cheng Shi , Qin Quande , Chen Junfeng , Shi Yuhui , Zhang Qingyu
Published: July 2016

Fireworks algorithms for solving problems with the optima shift in decision space and/or objective space are analyzed in this paper. The standard benchmark problems have several weaknesses in the research of swarm intelligence algorithms for solving single objective problems. The optimum is in the center of search range, and is the same at each dimension of the search space. The optimum shift in decision space and/or objective space could increase the difficulty of problem solving. A mapping strategy, modular arithmetic mapping, is utilized in the original fireworks algorithm to handle solutions out of search range. The solutions are implicitly guided to the center of search range for problems with symmetrical search range via this strategy. The optimization performance of fireworks algorithm on shift functions may be affected by this strategy. Four kinds of mapping strategies, which include mapping by modular arithmetic, mapping to the boundary, mapping to stochastic region, and mapping to limited stochastic region, are compared on problems with different dimensions and different optimum shift range. From experimental results, the fireworks algorithms with mapping to the boundary, or mapping to limited stochastic region obtain good performance on problems with the optimum shift. This is probably because the search tendency is kept in these two strategies. The definition of population diversity measurement is also proposed in this paper, from observation on population diversity changes, the useful information of fireworks algorithm solving different kinds of problems could be obtained.
Slipping and holding minds: A psychosocial analysis of maternal subjectivity in relation to childhood disability
Authors: Saville Young Lisa , Berry Jessie
Published: July 2016

Background: This paper elucidates a methodological approach to interview text that tries to acknowledge the psychosocial nature of disability and thereby ensuring that empirical work in disability studies complements theoretical arguments already developed.Objectives: The aim of this study is to outline a psychosocial conceptualisation of maternal subjectivity in relation to childhood disability and to apply this conceptualisation as an analytic tool to segments of an interview with a mother of a child with physical and developmental disabilities.Method: Drawing on psychoanalysis and attachment literature alongside critical social psychology we take readers through the analysis of an interview extract with a particular mother. Through a fine grained analysis, we demonstrate the value of attending to the affective processes in and around the text rooted in the particular intersubjective exchange (‘here and how’) of the interview and the particular socio-historical context (‘there and then’) in which the mother, child and researcher are located.Findings: The reading draws attention to discourses that position this particular mother and her children in particular ways while also pointing to investments in these discourses such that these discourses are not purely social but play affective functions.Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the value of using multiple lenses to read the text, seeking to understand what is going on from within each lens (discursive/social, interpersonal, intrapsychic), while also seeking to disrupt this understanding as we take up the position of a different lens. This approach enables us to hold onto the complexity and locatedness of maternal subjectivity for mothers of children with disabilities.
Repeatability of central and peripheral corneal thickness measurements with the iVue100 optical coherence tomographer
Authors: Rampersad Nishanee , Hansraj Rekha
Published: July 2016

Background: Accurate assessment of corneal thickness is essential in corneal refractive surgery, contact lens wear and corneal pathology.Aim: To assess the repeatability (intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-session) of central (0 mm – 2 mm), mid-peripheral (2 mm – 5 mm) and peripheral (5 mm – 6 mm) corneal thickness measurements using the iVue 100 spectral domain optical coherence tomographer (SD-OCT).Setting: Optometry Eye Clinic at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN).Methods: Corneal thickness measurements were taken on 50 healthy participants by two observers independently. A second set of readings was taken by one observer on another session. Repeatability was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis.Results: For all corneal regions, the intraclass correlation coefficients for observer one ranged from 0.942 to 0.999 and that for observer two ranged from 0.946 to 0.999, indicating good intra-observer repeatability. Using linear regression, the corneal thickness measurements were found to be comparable (within 1 µm of each other) in all regions with the exception of the nasal and temporal mid-periphery and periphery. The inter-session repeatability was based on the measurements of observer one only with the mean differences ranging from 0.02 µm to 0.63 µm. Linear regression revealed no significant differences between session 1 and session 2 (p > 0.05) except for the measurement of minimum corneal thickness.Conclusion: This study found evidence of good intra-observer, inter-observer and intersession repeatability of central, mid-peripheral and peripheral corneal measurements with the iVue 100 SD-OCT.
Nest sites selection by sympatric cavity-nesting birds in miombo woodlands
Authors: Nyirenda Vincent R. , Chewe Felistus C. , Chisha-Kasumu Exildah , Lindsey Peter A.
Published: July 2016

Deforestation and habitat fragmentation have long been known as drivers of wildlife depletion but information on their specific impacts on cavity-nesting birds in the miombo woodlands has been lacking. A comparative study of disturbed and undisturbed sites was conducted in miombo woodlands of Zambia to assess impacts of environmental stressors on birds. Foot patrols were employed to locate, identify and count host trees and cavities for cavity-nesting birds on twenty 200 m × 200 m sample plots. Undisturbed forests had three times more cavities (the nesting sites for birds), while there were 24.6% fewer abandoned cavities in undisturbed forests than in disturbed forests. The rate of cavity abandonment was about twice as high in human-dominated forests compared to undisturbed forests (61.3% c.f. 31.9%). Cavity-nesting birds preferred larger (> 36.0 cm diameter at breast height) and taller (> 5.0 m) trees for nest placement, especially in human-dominated forests. A number of cavity-nesting birds preferred Brachystegia spiciformis (zebrawood), Julbernadia paniculata (munsa), Parinari curatellifolia (mobola-plum) and Uapaca kirkiana (mahobohobo) as host trees to 14 other miombo tree species. Arnot’s Chat (Myrmecocichla arnoti) had a wider selection of host trees for cavity-nesting than the other 40 cavity-nesting birds in the study areas. Anthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled firewood collection, wild fires, logging, and land clearing for agriculture negatively influenced wood abundance and diversity, with potential implications for persistence of cavity-nesting birds. The negative impacts of anthropogenic activities could be counteracted by conservation strategies such as implementation of sound forest policies, integrative land use practices, sustainable livelihood security and stakeholders’ awareness of the need to safeguard forest-dependent avifauna.Conservation implications: This comparative study unravels specific anthropogenic impacts on the cavity-nesting birds in the miombo woodlands, which would be relevant for designing and implementing targeted biodiversity conservation interventions against negative local environmental values and attitudes that support rural development on the expense of conservation of biodiversity such as birds.
Cardiac arrhythmia in Wilson’s disease: An oversighted and overlooked entity!
Authors: Bajaj Bhupender Kumar , Wadhwa Ankur , Singh Richa , Gupta Saurabh
Published: July 2016

Wilson’s disease is a multisystem disorder which manifests with hepatic, neurological, musculoskeletal, hematological, renal, and cardiac symptoms. The hepatic and neurological manifestations often overshadow the other system involvement including cardiac symptoms and signs, which may prove fatal. We report a case of a young female who presented with progressive parkinsonian features and dystonia for around 4 months followed 2 months later by the complaint of episodes of light-headedness. She was diagnosed to have Wilson’s disease based on the presence of Kayser–Fleischer ring and laboratory parameters of copper metabolism. Electrocardiography of the patient incidentally revealed 2nd degree Mobitz type-1 atrioventricular block explaining her episodes of light-headedness. She was started on penicillamine and trihexyphenidyl. The heart block improved spontaneously. Cardiac autonomic function tests including blood pressure response to standing and heart rate response to standing were observed to be normal. We review the literature on cardiac manifestations of Wilson’s disease and emphasize that patients with Wilson’s disease should be assessed for cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction as these may have therapeutic and prognostic implications.
A Case of Scrub Typhus Complicated by Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Successful Management with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Choi Woo Young , Lee Seung Yun , Kwon Hea Yoon , Im Jae Hyoung , Durey Areum , Baek Ji Hyeon , Kim Young Sam , Kang Jae-Seung , Lee Jin-Soo
Published: July 2016

A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed as having scrub typhus with pneumonitis. On admission, she was started on a combination therapy with levofloxacin and doxycycline. However, the patient developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the 2nd day, and as a result, she underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). She was weaned from ECMO on the 10th day, as her respiratory status gradually improved. She was discharged without sequelae on the 23rd day. The outcome suggests that the use of ECMO should be considered for patients with ARDS induced from scrub typhus.