bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÀS PORTAS DAS CIDADES URBANA E CEMITERIAL NA CIDADE DE BELÉM (PA)
Authors: Gonçalves Rodrigues Elisa , Abreu da Silveira Flávio Leonel
Published: February 2022

O Cemitério Santa Izabel, localizado em plena metrópole urbana na cidade de Belém – PA, condensa uma série de inter-relações urbanas, imaginárias e emotivas que, ora o fazem aparecer em sua condição material inerte, ora o fazem emergir em uma dimensão carregada de simbolismos e, na medida em que emergem suas significações simbólicas, pode ser visto como uma cidade sutil, quase oculta na metrópole. Pensando esta cidade cemiterial, objetivamos fornecer alguns elementos à compreensão antropológica para a alta circulação de usuários e transeuntes em datas de forte apelo simbólico e coletivo que tematizam a morte, como é o caso do Dia dos Finados. Apoiados numa Antropologia Urbana na e da cidade, o recorte macro e microestrutural enfatizam as significações simbólicas do cemitério e dos ritos fúnebres a ele associados, bem como a relação de tais ritos com o trabalho do luto, para identificar suas práticas e relações diretas e indiretas com o Cemitério Santa Izabel, componente paisagístico e memorial relevante para o imaginário urbano na capital paraense. A partir desse recorte, é possível situar a cidade cemiterial, os ritos fúnebres e o Dia dos Finados como repertórios socioculturais para a realização da conduta de ir ao cemitério tendo por objetivo o trabalho do luto. Conclui-se que a alta circulação no espaço cemiterial no Dia dos Finados pode ser compreendida a partir da prática ritual que visa a dar conta deste trabalho.
Difficult common bile duct stones
Authors:   Hospital Dr. Cosme Argerich. Buenos Aires. Argentina, Canullán Carlos M. , Petracchi Enrique J. , Baglietto Nicolás , Zandalazini Hugo I. , Quesada Bernabé M. , Merchán del Hierro Pablo , Ocampo Carlos
Published: February 2022

Background: Single-stage procedure for the treatment of choledocholithiasis by laparoscopy is associated with high success rate in most cases. Difficult common bile duct stones are an exception to this rule. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the results obtained with the management of difficult common bile duct stones. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of a consecutive series of cases of difficult common bile duct stones treated between 2018-2020. Results: Eight patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of the 5 patients managed with single-stage approach through video-assisted laparoscopy, 60% required conversion to open surgery. The other 3 cases were initially managed with endoscopic cholangiography due to severe cholangitis and were solved with elective transcystic instrumentation. Conclusion: This initial experience suggests that the two-stage approach could be better to treat difficult common bile duct stones with a minimally invasive approach.
Pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors:   Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Dr. Cosme Argerich. Buenos Aires. Argentina, Ocampo Carlos ,   Clínica Bazterrica. Buenos Aires. Argentina, Zandalazini Hugo I. , Alonso Facundo , Canullán Carlos M. , Rico Ignacio , Coiz Luciano
Published: February 2022

Background: Pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy in patients without disease progression is the standard treatment for borderline pancreatic cancer; however, no national series have been published to date. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate morbidity and mortality of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer undergoing pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy. Material and methods: A total of 15 patients treated between 2011 and 2018 were analyzed. The epidemiologic data, type of neodajuvant therapy, radiological evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant therapy, morbidity, mortality and survival were evaluated. These 15 patients who underwent pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy were compared with 15 pancreatectomized patients without previous neoadjuvant therapy. Results: Mean age was 66.5 years and 8 patients were men. The most common neoadjuvant therapy regimens were FOLFIRINOX (n = 6) and gemcitabine/paclitaxel (n = 5); 8 patients required additional radiation therapy. The radiological evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant therapy showed stable disease in 10 patients and partial response in 4. Eleven patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and 4 underwent splenectomy and pancreatectomy. Ten patients required some type of vascular resection. Morbidity was 60% (9/15), there were no deaths and mean survival was 23.4 months. There were no significant differences in morbidity, mortality and survival with the 15 pancreatectomized patients without previous neoadjuvant therapy. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant therapy has extended resectability of advanced pancreatic cancer. In high volume centers, pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy has similar morbidity, and survival to those of pancreatic resections without previous neoadjuvant therapy.
Legal regulation of implementation of measures associated with compulsory medical treatment in certain US states
Authors: Solovyev Andrey  Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2022

The subject of this article is the questions of legal regulation of administrative and judicial procedures associated to compulsory medical treatment in the United States. Due to the reference legal regulation in legislation of the states, the research is conducted on the example of Connecticut, Maine, and Florida. Special attention is given to the following aspects: the list of persons who have the right to submit a corresponding request; the requirements for it; the procedure for medical examination of a person, hospitalization, its extension or termination; judicial consideration of the questions of compulsory hospitalization. The novelty lies in carrying out a comparative analysis of the procedures implemented in Connecticut, Maine, and Florida with regards to persons suffering from alcohol and drug addiction, mental illnesses, and active tuberculosis. The conclusion is made that the legislation of the indicated US states effectively combines the administrative and judicial procedures pertinent to compulsory medical treatment.
Peculiarities of the activity of public authorities within the framework of the development of e-government system
Authors: Lolaeva Al'bina Slavovna
Published: February 2022

This article examines the peculiarities of the activity of public authorities within the framework of the development of e-government system. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by the fact that the process of implementation of e-government in the Russian Federation should take place in the conditions of formatting the existing system of public administration. This requires the modernization of government bodies, i.e. creation of comprehensive electronic system for interaction of the public and municipal authorities with the population. In essence, the e-government represents the system of defined public legal institutions that ensure regulation for rendering government and municipal services to the population in the online format. The subject of this research is the activity of public authorities and local self-governments in the context of the development of e-government system. The conclusion is formulated that first and foremost e-government should consider the needs of society, as well as observe the rights and freedoms of citizens. Therefore, all communication mechanisms must correspond with the norms of international law, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and Russian legislation. The process of creating e-government in Russia should be holistic and cover all state structures. E-government system must be unified for the entire Russian Federation.
Japanese preachers of Chinese Buddhism during the Edo period (1603–1868) - Sen no Rikyū and Tetsugyu Doki
Authors: Lugavtsova Alyona Petrovna
Published: February 2022

The Ōbaku School that represents the third major sect of Zen Buddhism along with Rinzai and Sōtō, emerged in Japan during the Edo period due to the arrival of Buddhist monks from China. The article examines the biography of the prominent Japanese Ōbaku monks – Sen no Rikyū and Tetsugyu Doki, which gives a better perspective on the peculiarities of establishment of this school. In light of the Chinese origin and novelty, the Ōbaku teaching initially gained significant popularity in Japan, that adhered to the policy of self-isolation; however, its success is largely the merit of the Japanese followers of the teaching, since the Chinese monks hand neither a command of the language nor permit to travel the country, and this incapable of fully interacting with the local authorities and population. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the absence of special research within the Russian Japanese Studies dedicated to Ōbaku School; therefore, particular attention is given to the works of foreign authors. The conclusion is made that the role of personality greatly contributes to the success of the Ōbaku teaching, since the effective interaction with the government, their financial support, and the growing number of new converts largely depended on reputation and charisma of the prominent Japanese Ōbaku monks Sen no Rikyū and Tetsugyu Doki. They saw a chance to cognize the true Buddhism traditions, which at that time were neglected in Japan. The versatile activity of the monks contributed to surge in the popularity of Ōbaku in Japan, as well as harmonious interaction of the Chinese and Japanese traditions and cultures that left a mark on the unique multifaceted image of the Edo period.
Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformations in the Multidetector Computed Tomography Era: Frequency of Detection and Predictable Failures
Authors: Mattay Raghav R. , Miner Lane , Copelan Alexander Z. , Davtyan Karapet , Schmitt James E. , Church Ephraim W. , Mamourian Alexander C.
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

While hemorrhage arising from ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is usually evident on multidetector non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), unruptured AVMs can be below the limits of detection. We performed a retrospective review of NCCT of patients with a proven diagnosis of unruptured AVM to determine if advances in CT technology have made them more apparent and what features predict their detection.

Material and Methods:

Twenty-five NCCTs met inclusion criteria of having angiography or MR proven AVM without hemorrhage, prior surgery, or other CNS disease. Demographic variables, clinical symptoms at presentation, abnormal CT imaging findings, attenuation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), and Spetzler-Martin grade of each AVM were recorded. We examined the relationship between AVM detection and SSS attenuation through Kruskal–Wallis test. Exploratory serial logistic principal components analysis was performed including demographics, symptoms, and CT features in the multivariate model.

Results:

About 80% of the NCCTs showed an abnormality while 20% were normal. All those with an identifiable abnormality showed hyperdensity (80%). Logistic regression models indicate that clustered associations between several CT features, primarily calcifications, hyperdensity, and vascular prominence significantly predicted Spetzler-Martin grade (likelihood ratio 7.7, P = 0.006). SSS attenuation was significantly lower in subjects with occult AVMs when compared to those with CT abnormalities (median 47 vs. 55 HU, P < 0.04).

Conclusion:

Abnormal hyperdensity was evident in all detectable cases (80%) and multiple CT features were predictive of a higher Spetzler-Martin AVM grade. Moreover, SSS attenuation less than 50 HU was significantly correlated with a false-negative NCCT.
Thoracic spinal extradural arachnoid cyst: A case report and literature review
Authors: Marrone Salvatore , Kharbat Abdurrahman F. , Palmisciano Paolo , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Haider Ali S. , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo , Nicoletti Giovanni Federico , Scalia Gianluca
Published: February 2022

Background:

Spinal extradural arachnoid cysts (SEDACs) are rare and are variously attributed to congenital, traumatic, or inflammatory etiologies. Here, we report a 70-year-old male who presented with a T11-T12 SEDAC and an incidental craniovertebral junction (CVJ) meningioma.

Case Description:

A 70-year-old male presented with progressive bilateral lower limb weakness and paresthesias. The thoracic MRI identified an extradural arachnoid cystic lesion at the T11-T12 level. In addition, the brain/ cervical MR documented an incidental meningioma at the CVJ. The patient underwent T11-T12 laminectomy for fenestration/removal of the extradural arachnoid cyst resulting in immediate cord decompression and neurological recovery. The histologic examination was consistent with a SEDAC who underwent successful resection of the SEDAC that resulted in symptom resolution.

Conclusion:

We presented a 71-year-old male with a thoracic SEDAC and an incidental CVJ meningioma, where resection of the SEDAC resulted in symptom resolution.
Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles and investigation of their sizes and sorption properties
Authors: Елфимов А.Б. , Татиколов А.С. , Марнаутов Н.А. , Эскерова Ю.А. , Комиссарова Л.Х.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены результаты по изучению размеров и сорбционной емкости наночастиц магнетита, полученных на основе метода соосаждения. С использованием метода светодинамического рассеяния определен гидродинамический диаметр образцов магнетита, который для МУС-2М составил 20 ± 5 нм. Показано, что наночастицы магнетита имеют высокую сорбционную емкость к альбумину 34,4 ± 4.1 мг/г, превышающую сорбционную емкость известных угольных гемосорбентов. Полученные наночастицы магнетита могут быть рекомендованы для создания на их основе магнитных иммуноадсорбентов для очистки биологических жидкостей от токсинов.

The paper presents the results of investigating the sizes and sorption capacity of the magnetite nanoparticles obtained by the coprecipitation method. A hydrodynamic diameter of the magnetite samples was determined by the SDR method and equals 20 ± 5 nm for MUS-2M. It has been shown that magnetite MUS-2M has the highest sorption capacity to albumin equaling 34.4 ± 4.1 mg/g, which exceeds that of the known hemosorbents. The obtained magnetite nanoparticles can be recommended for creating on their basis magnetic immunoadsorbents to clean biological liquids from toxins.
Analysis of the similarity of varieties and selected forms of apricot (Prunus L.) in terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of vegetative organs
Authors: Донских В.Г. , Покиньчереда А.М. , Симахин М.В. , Исачкин А.В. , Крючкова В.А.
Published: February 2022

В данной работе рассмотрены особенности морфологических признаков листьев и однолетних побегов некоторых сортов и отборных форм абрикоса обыкновенного Prunus armeniaca L.: ‘Айсберг’, ‘Алёша’, ‘Водолей’, ‘Гвиани’, ‘Монастырский’, ‘Эдельвей’, о.ф. Добиле, ‘Профессор Скворцов’, ‘Саратовский рубин’ и ‘Царский’. В исследовании изучены морфологические признаки листа и однолетнего побега. Знание морфологических особенностей строения листа в определенной климатической зоне важно при отборе сеянцев в селекционных целях, как одного из направлений отбора наиболее перспективных. Полученные результаты позволят проводить определение сортов абрикоса обыкновенного с определенным уровнем точности. Таксономический анализ Смирнова позволил выделить кластеры сортов и отборных форм.

This paper discusses the features of the morphological characteristics of leaves and annual shoots of some varieties and selected forms of common apricot Prunus armeniaca L.: ‘Iceberg’, ‘Alyosha’, ‘Aquarius’, ‘Guiani’, ‘Monastyrskiy’, ‘Edelvey’, s.f . Dobile, ‘Professor Skvortsov’, ‘Saratov Rubyn’ and ‘Tsarsky’. The study studied the morphological characteristics of the leaf and one-year shoot. Knowledge of the morphological features of leaf structure in a certain climatic zone is important when selecting seedlings for breeding purposes, as one of the most promising selection areas. The results obtained will make it possible to determine the varieties of common apricot with a certain level of accuracy. Taxonomic analysis of Smirnov made it possible to identify clusters of varieties and selected forms.
Resistance to antibiotics of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella isolated in patients in the republican clinical hospital of emergency care
Authors: Амлиева А.З. , Авдуев И.С.
Published: February 2022

Представлены данные по изучению устойчивости к антибиотикам бактерий рода Klebsiella, выделенных от пациентов больницы скорой медицинской помощи. Использован диско-диффузионный метод определения устойчивости к антибиотикам, который является наиболее встречающимся. Итоговая оценка штаммов клебсиеллы показала разную его чувствительность к спектру используемых антибиотиков.

Data on the study of antibiotic resistance of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella isolated from patients of an emergency hospital are presented. The disco-diffusion method for determining antibiotic resistance, which is the most common, was used. The final assessment of Klebsiella strains showed its different sensitivity to the spectrum of antibiotics used.
Metallogenic specialization of quartz sands of the south-eastern framing of the Donetsk range
Authors: Труфанов А.В.
Published: February 2022

Установлены минералого-петрографические и геохимические особенности неоген-четвертичных кварцевых песков Южно-Донбасского района, свидетельствующие о том, что их формирование происходило под влиянием двух питающих провинций: кристаллического фундамента Приазовского выступа Украинского щита и переотложенных палеогеновых кор выветривания Нагольного кряжа.

The mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical features of the Neogene-Quaternary quartz sands of the South Donbass region have been established, indicating that their formation occurred under the influence of two feeding provinces: the crystalline basement of the Azov ledge of the Ukrainian Shield and redeposited Paleogene weathering crusts of the Nagolny Ridge.
Research of the factor of transport accessibility of real estate objects for making a decision to optimize the network of professional educational institutions
Authors: Литвиненко М.В.
Published: February 2022

Исследование посвящено проблеме учета фактора транспортной доступности объектов недвижимости учреждений профессионального образования при принятии управленческих решений по оптимизации сети профессиональных образовательных организаций. Определены методологические основы исследования. Предложена методика качественной и количественной оценки транспортной доступности объектов недвижимости профессиональных образовательных организаций. Валидность и надежность методики проверена на сети профессиональных образовательных организаций Липецкой области.

The research is devoted to the problem of taking into account the factor of transport accessibility of real estate objects of professional education institutions when making management decisions to optimize the network of professional educational organizations. The methodological foundations of the research have been determined. A method of qualitative and quantitative assessment of transport accessibility of real estate objects of professional educational organizations is proposed. The validity and reliability of the methodology was tested on the network of professional educational organizations of the Lipetsk region.
Analysis of electric motors options for electric drives of technological machines for the production of chemical filaments
Authors: Анисимов М.Н. , Останин С.Ю. , Лискин А.С.
Published: February 2022

Проведён анализ вариантов электродвигателей для электроприводов технологических механизмов современных и новых разрабатываемых технологических машин по производству и переработке химических нитей. Выявлены и подтверждены преимущества применения для электроприводов технологических механизмов указанных машин гистерезисных электродвигателей и электроприводов на их основе по сравнению с другими типами электродвигателей и электроприводов.

The analysis of electric motors options for electric drives of technological mechanisms of modern and new being developed technological machines on the production and recast of chemical threads has been carried out. The advantages of using for electric drives of technological mechanisms of these machines of hysteretic electric motors and electric drives based on them in comparison with other types of electric motors and electric drives are identified and confirmed.
Information support of management processes of financial and economic activities of budgetary institutions
Authors: Бобряков А.В. , Гаврилов А.И. , Щербаков Д.А. , Раскатова М.В. , Анисимов А.С. , Нарядкина Н.А.
Published: February 2022

В статье описана архитектура портала информационного взаимодействия, применяемого для информационной поддержки процессов управления финансово-экономической деятельностью учреждений, подведомственных Минобрнауки России. Описаны интеграционные решения и функции, предоставляемые пользователям портала.

The article discusses the architecture of the information interaction portal used for information support of financial and economic management processes of institutions subordinate to the Ministry of education and science of Russia. Described integration solution and the features available to users of the portal.
MINERAL AND BALNEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESORT AND MEDICAL SPHERE
Authors: Исмаилов А.А. , Гараева Я.А. , Мазаева Т.Х.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлена информация о термальных источниках, характеризующих собой уникальную природную достопримечательность и обладающих доказанным целебным эффектом. Каждый источник обладает своей специфичностью и отличительной чертой. Территория Чеченской республики представляет собой уникальный регион с большим разнообразием природных источников геотермальных, минеральных и артезианских.

The article provides information about thermal springs, which characterize a unique natural landmark and have a proven healing effect. Each source has its own specificity and distinctive feature. The territory of the Chechen Republic is a unique region with a wide variety of natural sources of geothermal, mineral and artesian.
КОНЦЕПТ «ЛЮБОВЬ» В РУССКОЙ И КИТАЙСКОЙ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ КАРТИНАХ МИРА
Authors: Хань Ц. , Чжао С.
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию концепта «любовь» в русской и китайской языковых картинах мира с целью выявления точек культурно-языкового соприкосновения двух народов. Результаты же ассоциативного эксперимента показали, что современные носители китайского языка прежде всего ассоциируют любовь с чувством, которое возникает между мужчиной и женщиной, а современные носители русского языка – с семьёй.
Selective Electrochemical Reductive Amination of Benzaldehyde at Heterogeneous Metal Surfaces
Authors: Schiffer Zachary , Chung Minju , Steinberg Katherine , Manthiram Karthish
Published: February 2022

Ammonia is one of the largest volume commodity chemicals, and electrochemical routes to ammonia utilization are appealing due to increasingly available renewable electricity. In this work, we demonstrate an electrochemical analogue to reductive amination for the synthesis of benzylamine from benzaldehyde and ammonia. Previous works on electrochemical reductive amination generally focus on proof-of-concept outer-sphere routes. We demonstrate an inner-sphere route, opening a large phase space of heterogeneous electrocatalysts that can direct selectivity and drive the reaction. In our system, imine hydrogenation proceeds on a silver electrocatalyst at ambient conditions in methanol with an initial Faradaic efficiency toward the primary amine product of ~80% and partial current greater than 4 mA/cm2 at -1.96 V vs. Fc/Fc+ (-1.36 V vs. NHE). Silver was selected after evaluating diverse transition metal electrocatalysts, and with density functional theory, we found that the reaction rate on various metals is best described by the charge density distribution above the metal surface, independent of molecular adsorption energies. On silver, the catalyst that promotes amination with the highest Faradaic efficiency and one of the highest partial currents, the rate-determining step was found to be the initial electron transfer to the imine. Overall, this work on the kinetics of electrochemical reductive amination represents a step toward inner-sphere electrochemical reductive amination systems for the synthesis of amines that currently rely on thermochemical reductive amination.
Role of a secondary coordination sphere residue in halogenation catalysis of non-heme iron enzymes
Authors: Wilson R. Hunter , Chatterjee Sourav , Smithwick Elizabeth R. , Dalluge Joe J. , Bhagi-Damodaran Ambika
Published: February 2022

Chemo- and regio-selective catalysis of C(sp3)-H halogenation reaction is a formidable goal in chemical synthesis. 2-oxo-glutarate (2OG) dependent non-heme iron halogenases catalyze selective chlorination/bromination of C-H bonds and exhibit high sequence and structural similarities with non-heme iron hydroxylases. How the secondary coordination sphere (SCS) of these two enzyme systems differentiate and determine their reactivity is not understood. In this work, we show that tyrosine placement in the SCS of non-heme iron halogenases have a huge impact on their structure, function, and reactivity. We discover that a tyrosine mutant (F121Y) in SyrB2 halogenase undergoes post-translational oxidation to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) physiologically. A combination of spectroscopic, mass-spectrometric, and biochemical studies show that the DOPA modification in SyrB2 renders the enzyme non-functional. Further bioinformatics analysis suggests that halogenases, unlike hydroxylases, have a conserved placement of phenylalanine at position 121 to preclude such unproductive oxidation. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of the SCS in controlling the structure and enzymatic activity of non-heme iron halogenases. Our results will have significant implications towards the design of small-molecule and protein-based halogenation catalysts.
Temperature-Regulated Regiodivergent Synthesis via Alkene Migratory Hydroalkylation
Authors: Wang Jia-Wang , Liu De-Guang , Chang Zhe , Li Zhen , Fu Yao , Lu Xi
Published: February 2022

An approach for reliable and predictable carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond formation that produces either regioisomer starting from the same raw materials, also known as a regiodivergent methodology, is highly desirable. Altering the chemical reaction variables, including catalysts, ligands, solvents, or other additives, were the predominant strategy for the implementation of regiodivergent features in metal-catalysed organic synthesis. The achievement of switchable selectivity using quickly and conveniently controlled physical variables constitutes a desirable goal with an intriguing method of attainment. Herein, we report our discovery that temperature-regulated switchable site-selectivity can be achieved in alkene (migratory) functionalization. Judicious selection of reaction temperatures, one of the most easily changed variables, led to protocols that provide the regiodivergent alkylation products starting from a single alkene substrate. This protocol allows for the convenient synthesis of α- and β-branched protected amines, both of which are substantially important to the pharmaceutical chemistry and biochemistry fields. In addition, enantioenriched β-branched alkyl amines could be accessed in a catalytic asymmetric variant manner. This work may inspire more research interests in metal-catalysed regiodivergent reaction discovery using easily changed physical variables.
Spectroscopic characterization, docking studies and reactive properties by DFT calculations of halogen substituted 6-Chloro-N-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-pyrazine-2-carboxamide with MD simulations.
Authors: Ranjith P. K. , Ignatious Angel , Panicker C. Yohannan , Sureshkumar B. , Armakovic Stevan , Armakovic Sanja. J. , Alsenoy C. Van , ANTO P. L.
Published: February 2022

The spectral characterization of 6-Chloro-N-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-pyrazine-2-carboxamide (CIMPPC) was executed by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods and density functional theory (DFT) computations have been carried using B3LYP/gen method. On the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) the vibrational assignments of the wavenumbers were proposed. NBO analysis was performed to study donor acceptor interactions. Halogen substitution results in increase in the µ (chemical potential) value in comparison with the parent molecule, which is a minimum. Halogen substitution also results a decrease in electrophilicity index. Fundamental reactive properties of the title molecule is investigated by MEP analysis. Visualization of ALIE and Fukui functions evaluated the most probable sites for electrophilic attacks. Exposure of the title compound towards autoxidation and hydrolysis is evaluated using BDE and RDF. The compatible nature of the compound is investigated through the Hildebrand solubility parameter. CIMPPC exhibit inhibitory activity against the anti-inflammatory receptor transient receptor potential cation channel.
Agitation of non-Brownian particles by active matrix of kinesin–microtubule motor proteins
Authors: Meguriya Keisuke , Yokoyama Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Naritaka , Yoshikawa Hiroshi Y. , Nakabayashi Seiichiro , Kawamura Ryuzo
Published: February 2022

In living organisms, many dynamic mechanisms are driven by motor proteins on a wide scale for tasks including the assembly of hierarchical structures at the nano to micrometre scales and macroscopic movements with hierarchical structures. Such complicated assemblies and sophisticated functions are intriguing for applications in nano and microengineering. Using motor proteins may enable multimolecular assembly in artificial systems by reproducing simple molecular movements using established methods such as motility assays of kinesin and microtubules. However, building a multimolecular system and selecting the target functions are key points to consider for potential applications. We use an active matrix consisting of crosslinked microtubules driven by kinesin to agitate microscopic objects that are not moved by thermal fluctuation, that is, non-Brownian particles. This method may contribute to enhance various self-assembly processes for larger objects. The resulting isotropic agitating properties are compared with those of other agitation methods based on external forces exerted by electric motors. The active matrix may provide a new type of mesoscopic scale actuator to perform stochastic mechanical agitation.
Organolithium Gels – Simple Easily Divided Delivery Vehicles for Highly Reactive Species
Authors: Slavik Petr , O'Brien Peter , Smith David
Published: February 2022

Organolithium reagents are a vital tool in modern organic chemistry allowing the synthesis of new carbon-carbon bonds. However, due to the high reactivity of organolithiums, the use of low temperatures, inert atmospheres and strictly dried solvents are usually necessary. Here, we report a new encapsulating method for the stabilisation of the sensitive organolithium reagents, PhLi and BuLi (n-BuLi), within a low-cost hexatriacontane (C36H74) organogel. The use of this technology is showcased in nucleophilic addition reactions under ambient conditions, low-temperature bromine-lithium exchange and CH functionalisation reactions. The gel significantly enhances the stability of these organolithiums, allows simple handling, delivery and storage, and enables reproducible reagent portioning. The use of gels as easily divided delivery vehicles for hazardous organometallic reagents has the potential to revolutionise this area of synthetic chemistry, making these powerful reactions safer and more accessible to non-specialist researchers, enabling the more widespread use of these common synthetic methods.
The National Consensus statement on the management of adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and main comorbidities
Authors: Maevskaya Marina V. , Kotovskaya Yulia V. , Ivashkin Vladimir T. , Tkacheva Olga N. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Shestakova Marina V. , Breder Valeriy V. , Geyvandova Natalia I. , Doshchitsin Vladimir L. , Dudinskaya Ekaterina N. , Ershova Ekaterina V. , Kodzoeva Khava B. , Komshilova Ksenia A. , Korochanskaya Natalia V. , Mayorov Alexander Yu. , Mishina Ekaterina E. , Nadinskaya Maria Yu. , Nikitin Igor G. , Pogosova Nana V. , Tarzimanova Aida I. , Shamkhalova Minara Sh.
Published: February 2022

The National Consensus was prepared with the participation of the National Medical Association for the Study of the Multimorbidity, Russian Scientific Liver Society, Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians, National Society for Preventive Cardiology, Professional Foundation for the Promotion of Medicine Fund PROFMEDFORUM.
The aim of the multidisciplinary consensus is a detailed analysis of the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the main associated conditions. The definition of NAFLD is given, its prevalence is described, methods for diagnosing its components such as steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis are described. The association of NAFLD with a number of cardio-metabolic diseases (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombotic complications, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, etc.), chronic kidney disease and the risk of developing hepatocellular cancer were analyzed. The review of non-drug methods of treatment of NAFLD and modern opportunities of pharmacotherapy are presented. The possibilities of new molecules in the treatment of NAFLD are considered: agonists of nuclear receptors, antagonists of pro-inflammatory molecules, etc. The positive properties and disadvantages of currently used drugs (vitamin E, thiazolidinediones, etc.) are described. Special attention is paid to the multi-target ursodeoxycholic acid molecule in the complex treatment of NAFLD as a multifactorial disease. Its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective properties, the ability to reduce steatosis an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular pathology, reduce inflammation and hepatic fibrosis through the modulation of autophagy are considered. The ability of ursodeoxycholic acid to influence glucose and lipid homeostasis and to have an anticarcinogenic effect has been demonstrated. The Consensus statement has advanced provisions for practitioners to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD and related common pathogenetic links of cardio-metabolic diseases.
THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE: ITS CONVENTIONALITY AND METAPHORICITY
Authors: Коськов Сергей Николаевич
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена эпистемологическому подходу к конвенции и метафоре в языке науки. Язык рассматривается не только и не столько как знаково-символическая структура для выражения свойств и отношений внешней действительности, но и как часть самой науки. Цель данной статьи - раскрытие механизма взаимодействия конвенции и метафоры в языке науки как языковых образований в реальном процессе научного познания. Ведущими методами к исследованию данной проблемы являются сравнительно-аналитический, индуктивно-дедуктивный и герменевтический.

The article is devoted to the epistemological approach to convention and metaphor in the language of science. Language is considered not only and not so much as a sign-symbolic structure for expressing the properties and relations of external reality, but also as part of science itself. The purpose of this article is to reveal the mechanism of interaction of convention and metaphor in the language of science, as language formations in the real process of scientific cognition. The leading methods for the study of this problem are comparatively analytical, inductive-deductive and hermeneutic.
THE GENESIS OF MODERN TERRORISM AS A GLOBAL THREAT: CONCEPTUAL ASPECT
Authors: Пономарев Владимир Алексеевич
Published: February 2022

В XXI в. человечество вплотную столкнулось с активизацией терактов. Терроризм, пройдя стадию глобализации, сам стал глобальной проблемой. Сам же процесс глобализации во многом обострил отношения между «золотым» и «голодным» миллиардами, Севером и Югом, различными мировыми цивилизациями и стал одним из источников нового, современного терроризма. Возникшее в некоторых странах Ближнего и Среднего Востока, а также Северной Африки отсутствие власти в государственных структурах привело к тому, что этим временным безвластием воспользовались экстремисты и террористы. Заполнив эти зоны анархии, они образовали свои структуры власти. Это наглядно показывает, что современный терроризм в контексте глобализации постоянно совершенствуется, представая в новых своих типах и формах проявления. Предложена мера по предотвращению его генезиса и реальных угроз.

In the XXI century, humanity has come face to face with the intensification of terrorist attacks. Terrorism, having passed the stage of globalization, has itself become a global problem. The very process of globalization has in many respects exacerbated relations between the «golden» and «hungry» billions, North and South, various world civilizations and has become one of the sources of new, modern terrorism. The lack of power in state structures that arose in some countries of the Near and Middle East, as well as North Africa, led to the fact that extremists and terrorists took advantage of this temporary anarchy. By filling these zones of anarchy, they formed their own power structures. This clearly shows that modern terrorism in the context of globalization is constantly improving, presenting itself in its new types and forms of manifestation. A measure is proposed to prevent its genesis and real threats.
STATE YOUTH POLICY AS A TOOL FOR PREVENTING POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN YOUTH ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Бааль Наталья Борисовна
Published: February 2022

Рассматриваются задачи, цели, принципы, основные направления в реализации государственной молодежной политики, а также подходы, определяющие сущность, принципы и модель построения государственной молодежной политики в Российской Федерации.

The article examines the tasks, goals, principles, main directions in the implementation of state youth policy, as well as approaches that determine the essence, principles, and model of building state youth policy in the Russian Federation.
INDIVIDUAL AND THE WORLD IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEM OF N.A. BERDYAEV
Authors: Югова Ольга Александровна
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы взаимоотношения личности и мира в философских воззрениях Н.А. Бердяева. Личность существует в мире, но она шире, глубже и значительнее мира. Свобода личности занимает центральное положение в философии Бердяева, и не только как свобода выбора, а как свобода витального творчества.

The paper deals with correlation between individuality and the world in the philosophical ideas of N.A. Berdyaev. An individual exists in the world, but he is more profound and significant than the world and goes beyond it. Individual freedom is central to the philosophy of Berdyaev not only as a freedom of choice, but as a freedom of vital creativity.
THE IMAGE OF MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY BY HEGEL IN RELATION TO HIS SYSTEM OF PHILOSOPHY AS A SCIENCE
Authors: Марчукова Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию вопроса о том, какие новые горизонты в понимании гегелевской системы раскрывает реконструкция образа философии Средневековья у Гегеля. Показано, что проблема образа эпохи Средневековья и средневековой философии сопряжена с историко-философской линией гегелевской системы. Автор проясняет понятие истории философии в гегелевском толковании, ее специфику и роль в системе философского знания. В статье показано, что образ средневековой философии неразрывно связан с гегелевским понятием Gestalt. Особое внимание уделено прояснению значения понятия Gestalt в контексте темы исследования. Автор приходит к выводу, что реконструкция образа философии Средневековья у Гегеля может служить одним из способов постижения общего замысла всей гегелевской системы.

The article is aimed at the analysis of the question, which new horizons in understanding the Hegelian system are revealed by reconstruction of the image of medieval philosophy offered by this thinker. It is shown that the problem of the image of the Middle Ages and medieval philosophy is connected with the Hegelian system of history of philosophy. The author clarifies the concept of the history of philosophy in Hegel's interpretation, its specificity and role in the system of philosophical knowledge. The article shows that the image of medieval philosophy is inextricably linked with Hegel's concept of Gestalt. Particular attention is paid to clarifying the meaning of the concept Gestalt in the context of the research topic. The author concludes that the reconstruction of the image of medieval philosophy by Hegel can serve as one of the ways to comprehend the general idea of the whole Hegelian system.
THE PROBLEM OF EVIL EXISTENCE IN PHILOSOPHY OF LEIBNIZ AND HEGEL
Authors: Татаренко Наталия Анатольевна
Published: February 2022

В статье исследуется одна из наиболее интересных проблем религиозно-философского характера - обоснование наличия зла в мире и оправдание Бога на примере философии Лейбница и Гегеля. Разрешение спора о том, как возможно одновременно и существование благого Бога-творца, и зла в мире, им сотворенном, или богооправдание, получило название «теодицея». Этот термин впервые был введен в философский оборот Лейбницем. Несмотря на то, что сам термин был предложен только в начале XVIII в., данная проблематика обсуждалась задолго до его появления и была серьезным вопросом для многих мыслителей. Не является исключением и Гегель, в чьих текстах затрагиваются проблемы существования зла и его отношения к категории бытия и к божественному. В данной статье представлена попытка показать, каковы особенности взглядов на проблему существования зла в учениях двух немецких философов.

The article examines one of the most interesting problems of religious philosophy - the substantiation of the presence of evil in the world and the justification of God in the context of Leibniz’ and Hegel’s philosophical views. The resolution of the dispute about how the existence of the allmerciful God and at the same time created by him evil in the world, or the justification of God, is possible, has received the name «theodicy». This term was first introduced into philosophical vocabulary by Leibniz and began to designate one of the central topics for many discussions trying to explain the simultaneous existence of the God and the evil in the world. Despite the fact that the term itself was proposed only at the beginning of the 18th century, this issue was discussed long before the term’s appearance and was an important question for many thinkers. Hegel is no exception, in whose texts the problems of the existence of evil and its relation to the category of being and to the divine are touched upon. This article presents an attempt to show what are the features of views on the problem of the existence of evil in the teachings of two German philosophers.
JUSTICE AS A PRINCIPLE OF CONSTRUCTING A «HAPPY POLIS» IN PLATO’S PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Рассадин Сергей Валентинович
Published: February 2022

Рассматриваются дискурсивные механизмы конструирования «социального» в творчестве Платона. Выявляются модусы рассуждений греческого мыслителя в поисках «правильного» социального порядка, мыслимого им исключительно в виде полиса. Автор приходит к выводу о концептуальной значимости детерминация социального дискурса Платона концептом справедливости, как важнейшего принципа организации социального.

The discursive mechanisms of constructing the «social» in Plato's work are considered. The modes of reasoning of the Greek thinker in search of the «right» social order, conceived by him exclusively in the form of a polis, are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion about the conceptual significance of the determination of Plato's social discourse by the concept of justice as the most important principle of the organization of the social.
A. DANTO'S PHILOSOPHY: THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL NARRATIVE
Authors: Потамская Вера Павловна
Published: February 2022

Представлена аналитическая философия истории А. Данто, направленная на исследование логического статуса исторических высказываний. Указывается, что ключевым концептом его философии истории являются нарратив и нарративные предложения, наделенные двумя основными функциями: описание и объяснение. Отмечается, что историческое значение приписывается посредством нарративных предложений, при этом истинность или ложность подобных предложений зависит от момента их произнесения.

The article is focused on A. Danto's analytical approach to the philosophy of history aimed at studying the logical status of historical sentences. It reveals that the key concepts of Danto's philosophy of history are «narrative» and «narrative sentences» have two main functions: description and explanation. It is noted that historical meaning is attributed through narrative sentences, while the truth or falsity of such sentences depends on the moment they are pronounced.
Visualized procollagen Iα1 demonstrates the intracellular processing of propeptides
Authors: Tanaka Toshiaki , Moriya Koji , Tsunenaga Makoto , Yanagawa Takayo , Morita Hiromi , Minowa Takashi , Tagawa Yoh-ichi , Hanagata Nobutaka , Inagaki Yutaka , Ikoma Toshiyuki
Published: February 2022

The processing of type I procollagen is essential for fibril formation; however, the steps involved remain controversial. We constructed a live cell imaging system by inserting fluorescent proteins into type I pre-procollagen α1. Based on live imaging and immunostaining, the C-propeptide is intracellularly cleaved at the perinuclear region, including the endoplasmic reticulum, and subsequently accumulates at the upside of the cell. The N-propeptide is also intracellularly cleaved, but is transported with the repeating structure domain of collagen into the extracellular region. This system makes it possible to detect relative increases and decreases in collagen secretion in a high-throughput manner by assaying fluorescence in the culture medium, and revealed that the rate-limiting step for collagen secretion occurs after the synthesis of procollagen. In the present study, we identified a defect in procollagen processing in activated hepatic stellate cells, which secrete aberrant collagen fibrils. The results obtained demonstrated the intracellular processing of type I procollagen, and revealed a link between dysfunctional processing and diseases such as hepatic fibrosis.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 impairs sumoylation
Authors: Mete Bilgül , Pekbilir Emre , Bilge Bilge Nur , Georgiadou Panagiota , Çelik Elif , Sutlu Tolga , Tabak Fehmi , Sahin Umut
Published: February 2022

During infection, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) manipulates host cell mechanisms to its advantage, thereby controlling its replication or latency, and evading immune responses. Sumoylation is an essential post-translational modification that controls vital cellular activities including proliferation, stemness, or anti-viral immunity. SUMO peptides oppose pathogen replication and mediate interferon-dependent anti-viral activities. In turn, several viruses and bacteria attack sumoylation to disarm host immune responses. Here, we show that HIV-1 impairs cellular sumoylation and targets the host SUMO E1–activating enzyme. HIV-1 expression in cultured HEK293 cells or in CD4+ Jurkat T lymphocytes diminishes sumoylation by both SUMO paralogs, SUMO1 and SUMO2/3. HIV-1 causes a sharp and specific decline in UBA2 protein levels, a subunit of the heterodimeric SUMO E1 enzyme, which likely serves to reduce the efficiency of global protein sumoylation. Furthermore, HIV-1–infected individuals display a significant reduction in total leukocyte sumoylation that is uncoupled from HIV-induced cytopenia. Because sumoylation is vital for immune function, T-cell expansion and activity, loss of sumoylation during HIV disease may contribute to immune system deterioration in patients.