bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amours sans frontières
Authors: Dalla Bernardina Sergio
Published: July 2015

Consécutivement aux avancées de l’éthologie (l’animal pense, souffre, se projette même dans le futur), aux données de l’anthropologie (l’animal, dans de nombreuses sociétés, est considéré comme un sujet à part entière) et aux déductions de la philosophie (s’il est un sujet, il a donc des droits), nous assistons aujourd’hui à une révision de la frontière homme/animal. Cette remise en cause, illustrée par des ouvrages comme Animal liberation (1975) de Peter Singer, a des effets collatéraux : en « libérant » les animaux elle dédouane aussi, et rend donc représentable, toute une série de fantasmes liés à la sexualité entre espèces différentes. Concevable sur un plan logique, cette révolution pose des problèmes d’ordre symbolique. Les rumeurs rattachées aux pratiques zoophiles, avec leur cortège de traumatismes, de maladies et autres « sanctions » (naturelles et surnaturelles) nous rappellent que l’abolition des différences, sur le plan de l’imaginaire, a des effets catastrophiques : loin d’assurer la paix, elle engendre le désordre et alimente les conflits.
La souffrance animale à distance
Authors: Keck Frédéric , Ticktin Miriam
Published: July 2015

Cet article étudie le rôle des vétérinaires dans l’humanitaire à partir de deux types de pratique : la défense des animaux contre la cruauté et la surveillance des animaux touchés par les épidémies. En suivant l’extension de l’action humanitaire aux animaux comme nouvelles figures de victimes innocentes, nous cherchons à dépasser l’approche compassionnelle de l’humanitaire pour étudier les nouvelles formes scientifiques impliquant des non-humains, comme la médecine vétérinaire légale, les neurosciences et l’immunologie. Nous soutenons finalement que ces sciences produisent de nouveaux collectifs d’humains et de non-humains.
Relative susceptibility of the Bikaner and Delhi populations of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to different insecticides
Authors: Shankarganesh K. , Suroshe Sachin Suresh , Paul Bishwajeet
Published: July 2015

A study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of five insecticides against the Delhi and Bikaner populations of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), using the leaf dip method, and against Coccinella septempunctata L. in semi-field conditions. Acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were found to be more toxic than other insecticides. After 24 h, the LC50 values for the Bikaner population against different insecticides were 7.0, 6.0, 4.0, 3.0 and 2.0 ppm for carbosulfan, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, respectively. Similarly, the descending order of toxicity for the Delhi population was acetamiprid (7.0 ppm), thiamethoxam (9.0 ppm), imidacloprid (15.0 ppm), carbosulfan (32.0 ppm) and bifenthrin (36.0 ppm). The relative toxicity values suggest that in both populations, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid show the highest toxicity. Carbosulfan and bifenthrin were highly toxic to coccinellid grubs and resulted in 100% mortality in semi-field conditions, whereas the neonicotinoids acetamiprid and thiamethoxam showed less mortality. It showed the tolerance of coccinellidae against neonicotinoids under semi-field conditions.
An open-source computational and data resource to analyze digital maps of immunopeptidomes
Authors: Caron Etienne , Espona Lucia , Kowalewski Daniel J , Schuster Heiko , Ternette Nicola , Alpízar Adán , Schittenhelm Ralf B , Ramarathinam Sri H , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S , Chiek Koh Ching , Gillet Ludovic C , Rabsteyn Armin , Navarro Pedro , Kim Sangtae , Lam Henry , Sturm Theo , Marcilla Miguel , Sette Alessandro , Campbell David S , Deutsch Eric W , Moritz Robert L , Purcell Anthony W , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Stevanovic Stefan , Aebersold Ruedi
Published: July 2015

We present a novel mass spectrometry-based high-throughput workflow and an open-source computational and data resource to reproducibly identify and quantify HLA-associated peptides. Collectively, the resources support the generation of HLA allele-specific peptide assay libraries consisting of consensus fragment ion spectra, and the analysis of quantitative digital maps of HLA peptidomes generated from a range of biological sources by SWATH mass spectrometry (MS). This study represents the first community-based effort to develop a robust platform for the reproducible and quantitative measurement of the entire repertoire of peptides presented by HLA molecules, an essential step towards the design of efficient immunotherapies.
Hierarchical Tin Oxide Nanostructures for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Application
Authors: Abd‐Ellah Marwa , Bazargan Samad , Thomas Joseph P. , Rahman Md Anisur , Srivastava Saurabh , Wang Xiongyao , Heinig Nina F. , Leung Kam Tong
Published: July 2015

Nanoscale material manipulation is the key to increasing solar light harvesting and photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (PCE) for an organic–inorganic photovoltaic system. Many SnO2 1D nanostructures, including nanowires and nanobelts, have been employed because of their potential of enhancing the charge collection properties of DSSCs by eliminating losses caused by grain boundary scattering of carriers in nanoparticle‐based DSSCs. Here, a new approach to growing hierarchical 1D SnO2 nanostructured layer by catalyst‐assisted pulsed laser deposition after introducing NiO into the SnO2 target is reported, and a plausible growth mechanism to describe the observed hierarchical nanostructures is presented. A remarkable improvement in the solar cell performance, including open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, fill factor, and PCE, by simple surface modification of the hierarchical SnO2 nanostructured photoanode is further demonstrated. Surface passivation is achieved on the as‐deposited hierarchical SnO2 nanostructures by dip coating with an MgO passivation layer of appropriately optimized thickness. Such an insulating layer is found to effectively reduce the recombination process caused by the higher electron mobility of SnO2 photoanode nanostructures. Compared with a pristine SnO2 nanobelt photoanode, a tenfold enhancement in their PCE (to 4.14%) has been observed for MgO‐passivated hierarchical SnO2 nanostructures.
Modeling and analysis of process configurations for solvent‐based post‐combustion carbon capture
Authors: Sharma Manish , Qadir Abdul , Khalilpour Rajab , Abbas Ali
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates different configurations for solvent‐based post‐combustion carbon capture processes. The aim of this paper is to find the best process configuration for amine stripping process to be used for further study. From the literature, some of the most energy‐efficient schemes are identified and compared in different scenarios. It was found that for absorber, the two most talked about configurations worth investigating are inter‐cooling and pump‐around, while for stripper modification, rich split, lean vapor compression (LVC), and a new configuration‐phase separation heat exchanger (PSHE) have shown quite promising results, although the best way of comparison would be the techno‐economic analysis of all the configurations; from heuristics, two stand‐alone modifications for absorber, pump‐around and inter‐cooling; and three stripper modifications, rich split, LVC, and PSHE combined with absorber inter‐cooling are simulated and compared based on their energy consumption. The next step of this work will be the total cost calculation and heat integration of these schemes with power plant. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different ionizable groups on the thermal properties of waterborne polyurethanes used in bulletproof composites
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Jian , Luo Yunjun , Zhou Hong , Wang Qingchun
Published: July 2015

The thermal stability of the resin matrix is an important factor affecting the safety performance of fiber‐reinforced bulletproof composites (FRBCs) during their service period. In this study, two kinds of waterborne polyurethanes based on polyester diol (PEDL218) and isophorone diisocyanate were synthesized; these were used as the matrix of para‐aramid FRBCs. Their thermal stability and thermal decomposition behaviors in a nitrogen atmosphere were studied by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The kinetic parameters, including the activation energy (E) and pre‐exponential factor (A), were calculated by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Kissinger, and Šatava–Šesták methods. The results show that the cationic waterborne polyurethane with quaternary ammonium groups has better thermal stability than the anionic waterborne polyurethane with carboxylate groups. Their nonisothermal decomposition mechanisms were studied, and the kinetic parameters were also calculated; this will offer theoretical reference for the manufacturing and application of FRBCs based on waterborne polyurethane. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42374.
Melt processed PLA/PCL blends: Effect of processing method on phase structure, morphology, and mechanical properties
Authors: Urquijo Jon , Guerrica‐Echevarría Gonzalo , Eguiazábal José Ignacio
Published: July 2015

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐rich poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PLA/PCL) blends were melt‐blended at different compositions. The compositions such as 90/10 and 80/20 were obtained using three different blending methods and processed by injection molding and hot pressing. All blends were immiscible. The crystallinity of PLA increased slightly in the presence of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), and the PCL exhibited fractionated crystallization in the presence of PLA. Injection molded specimens, compared with hot pressed specimens, presented much smaller PCL particles regardless of the blending method used. Some interfacial adhesion was observed in all cases. The stiffness of PLA/PCL blends decreased as the PCL content was increased and was independent of processing. Injection molded specimens showed ductile behavior and broke at elongation values close to 140%, while the elongation at break of the hot pressed specimens was clearly lower, most likely due to the larger size of the PCL particles. Although the impact strength of the blends remained low, it improved by approximately 200% with 30% PCL and by 350% with 40% PCL. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42641.
Recycling carbon fiber composites using microwave irradiation: Reinforcement study of the recycled fiber in new composites
Authors: Jiang Long , Ulven Chad A. , Gutschmidt David , Anderson Michael , Balo Sloan , Lee Mitchell , Vigness Jacob
Published: July 2015

With increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in transportation, sports, and many other industries, recycling of the scrap and end‐of‐life composites has presented both great challenges and opportunities. In this work, we report our study on reclaiming carbon fibers from CFRP using energy efficient microwave irradiation. Different irradiation conditions were used and the optimal conditions were determined based on the surface morphology of the recycled fiber. Polypropylene (PP) and Nylon, representing nonpolar and polar polymers, respectively, were reinforced using the recycled fiber through extrusion and injection molding. For comparison, PP and Nylon reinforced by virgin carbon fiber were also prepared using the same processing conditions. Tensile, flexural, and impact test results showed that, while both carbon fibers could improve these properties, they exhibited different reinforcing effects on the two polymers. The recycled fiber outperformed the virgin fiber in reinforcing PP whereas the virgin fiber performed better in Nylon. This was due to the differences in surface roughness, surface bonding, and fiber aspect ratio between the two fibers. This study shows the great potential of recycled carbon fiber and microwave irradiation as an effective recycling technique. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42658.
Cloning and characterization of a novel PE_PGRS60 protein (Rv3652) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv exhibit fibronectin‐binding property
Authors: Meena Laxman S. , Meena Jaishree
Published: July 2015

The binding of pathogenic bacteria to extracellular matrix components enhances adhesion and invasion of host cells. The host receptor proteins such as fibronectin (Fn) targeted to pathogenic ligands that have clinical importance. In the present study, we cloned, expressed, purified, and identified a novel Fn‐binding protein from PE_PGRS60 (Rv3652) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The protein product of Rv3652 showed optimum binding efficiency to 10 ng Fn at 0.2 µg purified protein of PE_PGRS60 and 20 ng Fn at 0.2 µg concentrations, respectively. PE_PGRS60 protein (primary sequences) of different pathogenic mycobacterium species retrieved from NCBI exhibited complete homology at the 104 residues on multiple sequence alignment. The primary sequence of protein from H37Rv was further used to predict cleavage signals. The secondary structure prediction method revealed a number of residues responsible for alpha helices formation and percentage of residues participating in the random coils and extended strands. In addition, online prediction tools such as B‐ and T‐cell epitopes showed the surface probability scale and antigenic propensity scale. The current finding opens new opportunity to mycobacterial survival and pathogenesis research of PE‐polymorphic GC‐rich repetitive sequences (PE‐PGRS) family proteins.
Promise and peril: Dissemination of findings from studies of drugs used in pregnancy and their association with birth defects
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Cooper William O.
Published: July 2015

Background

When and how to publish birth defects research can be complex, especially in the context of drugs used in pregnancy. Such research frequently involves multiple stakeholders, including regulatory agencies. Researchers must balance the potential peril of an unnecessarily panicked populace versus the benefit of protecting the public's health.

Methods

We use a case presentation and contemporary literature to highlight the potential tradeoffs that researchers must consider. We highlight important considerations including the public health impact, examining the likelihood of causality, understanding common considerations when using large data sources, the role of peer review and working in partnership with regulatory agencies.

Results

We suggest that plans for analyses, dissemination and risk communication are done best a priori and not post hoc.

Conclusion

Rigorous research evaluating the impact of drugs used in pregnancy, coupled with effective dissemination strategies, has the potential improve outcomes for mothers and their infants for generations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:729–732, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental study of the characteristics of a novel mesh suture
Authors: Dumanian G A , Tulaimat A , Dumanian Z P
Published: July 2015

Background

The failure of sutures to maintain tissue in apposition is well characterized in hernia repairs. A mesh suture designed to facilitate tissue integration into and around the filaments may improve tissue hold and decrease suture pull-through.

Methods

In vitro, the sutures were compared for resistance to pull-through in ballistics gel. In vivo, closure of midline laparotomy incisions was done with both sutures in 11 female pigs. Tissue segments were subsequently subjected to mechanical and histological testing.

Results

The mesh suture had tensile characteristics nearly identical to those of 0-polypropylene suture. Mesh suture demonstrated greater resistance to pull-through than standard suture (mean(s.d.) 4·27(0·42) versus 2·23(0·48) N; P < 0·001) in vitro. In pigs, the ultimate tensile strength for repaired linea alba at 8 days was higher with mesh suture (320(57) versus 160(56) N; P < 0·001), as was the work to failure (24·6(14·2) versus 7·3(3·7) J; P < 0·001) and elasticity (128(9) versus 72(7) N/cm; P < 0·001) in comparison with 0-polypropylene suture. Histological examination at 8 and 90 days showed complete tissue integration of the mesh suture.

Conclusion

The novel mesh suture structure increased the strength of early wound healing in an experimental model. Surgical relevanceTraditional sutures have the significant drawback of cutting and pulling through tissues in high-tension closures. A new mesh suture design with a flexible macroporous outer wall and a hollow core allows the tissues to grow into the suture, improving early wound strength and decreasing suture pull-through. This technology may dramatically increase the reliability of high-tension closures, thereby preventing incisional hernia after laparotomy. As suture pull-through is a problem relevant to all surgical disciplines, numerous additional indications are envisioned with mesh suture formulations of different physical properties and materials.
Genetic profiles of cervical tumors by high‐throughput sequencing for personalized medical care
Authors: Muller Etienne , Brault Baptiste , Holmes Allyson , Legros Angelina , Jeannot Emmanuelle , Campitelli Maura , Rousselin Antoine , Goardon Nicolas , Frébourg Thierry , Krieger Sophie , Crouet Hubert , Nicolas Alain , Sastre Xavier , Vaur Dominique , Castéra Laurent
Published: July 2015

Cancer treatment is facing major evolution since the advent of targeted therapies. Building genetic profiles could predict sensitivity or resistance to these therapies and highlight disease‐specific abnormalities, supporting personalized patient care. In the context of biomedical research and clinical diagnosis, our laboratory has developed an oncogenic panel comprised of 226 genes and a dedicated bioinformatic pipeline to explore somatic mutations in cervical carcinomas, using high‐throughput sequencing. Twenty‐nine tumors were sequenced for exons within 226 genes. The automated pipeline used includes a database and a filtration system dedicated to identifying mutations of interest and excluding false positive and germline mutations. One‐hundred and seventy‐six total mutational events were found among the 29 tumors. Our cervical tumor mutational landscape shows that most mutations are found in PIK3CA (E545K, E542K) and KRAS (G12D, G13D) and others in FBXW7 (R465C, R505G, R479Q). Mutations have also been found in ALK (V1149L, A1266T) and EGFR (T259M). These results showed that 48% of patients display at least one deleterious mutation in genes that have been already targeted by the Food and Drug Administration approved therapies. Considering deleterious mutations, 59% of patients could be eligible for clinical trials. Sequencing hundreds of genes in a clinical context has become feasible, in terms of time and cost. In the near future, such an analysis could be a part of a battery of examinations along the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, helping to detect sensitivity or resistance to targeted therapies and allow advancements towards personalized oncology.
P‐glycoprotein is expressed and causes resistance to chemotherapy in EBV‐positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative diseases
Authors: Yoshimori Mayumi , Takada Honami , Imadome Ken‐Ichi , Kurata Morito , Yamamoto Kouhei , Koyama Takatoshi , Shimizu Norio , Fujiwara Shigeyoshi , Miura Osamu , Arai Ayako
Published: July 2015

Epstein–Barr virus‐positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV‐T‐LPDs) are rare lymphomas with poor prognosis. Although chemotherapeutic strategies such as CHOP have been often selected, they have exhibited only limited efficacy. To clarify the mechanism of chemoresistance, we examined P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expression. P‐gp acts as an energy‐dependent efflux pump that excretes drugs from the cytoplasm, resulting in low‐intracellular drug concentrations and poor sensitivity to chemotherapy. We examined P‐gp expression in EBV‐positive cells by immunohistochemistry staining in three patients of EBV‐T‐LPDs and the expression was detected in all patients. We also examined mdr1 mRNA expression by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase‐chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in EBV‐positive tumor cells from these patients and additional three patients. The expression was detected in all examined patients. In five EBV‐T‐LPDs patients, P‐gp function was detected by Rhodamine‐123 efflux assay in these cells. The efflux was inhibited by treatment with a P‐gp inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CsA). We also examined and detected P‐gp expression in EBV‐positive T‐cell lines SNT8 and SNT16 established from EBV‐T‐LPDs patients, by RT‐PCR and western blotting. The function was also detected by Rhodamine‐123 efflux in these cell lines. Inhibition and knock down of P‐gp by CsA and siRNA, respectively, enhanced etoposide‐ and doxorubicin‐induced cell death in the EBV‐positive T‐cell lines. Finally, we infected the T‐cell line MOLT4 with EBV, and found that mdr1 mRNA expression and Rhodamine 123 efflux were upregulated after infection. These results indicated that enhanced P‐gp expression contributed to the chemoresistance of EBV‐T‐LPDs.
Assessment of clinical occupational dose reduction effect of a new interventional cardiology shield for radial access combined with a scatter reducing drape
Authors: Gilligan Paddy , Lynch J. , Eder H. , Maguire S. , Fox E. , Doyle B. , Casserly I. , McCann H. , Foley D.
Published: July 2015

Objectives

To assess the occupational dose reduction effect of a new interventional cardiology shield for radial access combined with a scatter reducing drape.

Background

Transradial access for catheterization has been shown to increase occupational radiation dose. Current shielding techniques are primarily based on the femoral access. This article looks at the clinical occupational combined dose reduction effect of a commercially available shield and drape which is specific to access type.

Methods

The evaluation took place in a busy interventional cardiology laboratory, with a single plane 30 × 40 cm flat panel detector (Siemens Artis Zee, Germany). Radiation exposure to staff was measured using electronic personal dosimeters (Unfors RaysafeAB, Sweden) placed at the collar. Patient radiation exposure was assessed using screening time and dose area product per case. Both staff and patient radiation exposure were monitored for a number of case types and operators before, during, and after deployment of the new shield and drapes.

Results

The cardiologists' overall median collar badge reading per case reduced from 15.4 μSv per case without the shield/drape combination to 7.3 μSv per case with the shield drape combination in situ (P < 0.001). The radiographers badge reading was reduced from 4.2 μSv per case without to 2.5 μSv per case with the shield drape combination in situ (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the cardiac technician's badge reading. Patient's dose area product was not significantly affected by the placement of the shield and drape combination.

Conclusions

The shield/drape combination can significantly reduce operator exposure in a cardiac catheterization laboratory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palliative balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty for infants with unrestrictive ventricular septal defect or single ventricle associated with severe pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Lizano Santamaria Ramiro W. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Dori Yoav , Rome Jonathan J. , Glatz Andrew C.
Published: July 2015

Background

Symptomatic infants with unrestrictive ventricular septal defect (VSD) or single ventricle with severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) are typically treated surgically. High surgical risk infants may benefit from catheter‐based palliative pulmonary valvuloplasty.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients with severe PS associated with unrestrictive VSD or single ventricle who underwent palliative pulmonary valvuloplasty as initial management and describe outcomes.

Results

From 2000 to 2013, 16 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent valvuloplasty at a median age and weight of 25 (range 1–352) days and 3.65 (range 2.2–12) kg. Common diagnoses included tetralogy of Fallot (50%) and double‐outlet right ventricle (25%). In all, the indication was cyanosis. Reasons to defer surgery included low weight (37.5%), preference for complex operation at older age (31.25%) and significant comorbidity (18.75%). Following valvuloplasty, significant increases in oxygen saturation (83.1 ± 8.8 vs. 74.7 ± 8.7%, P = 0.008) and QP:QS (1.6 ± 0.5 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3, P = 0.0005) occurred. All two ventricle patients (n = 10) ultimately had complete operative repair at a median of 125 (range 27–382) days after valvuloplasty, during which time there was 20.3 ± 9.2 g/day of weight gain without change in oxygen saturation. Single ventricle patients who underwent cavopulmonary connection (n = 3) had similar weight gain and palliation time, but with a decrease in oxygen saturation. Two patients required reintervention to augment QP prior to definitive repair.

Conclusions

In select infants with unrestrictive VSD or single ventricle associated with severe PS, palliative pulmonary valvuloplasty provides an effective and durable method of increasing oxygen saturation until definitive surgical treatment can be performed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Principal component multinomial regression and spectrometry to predict soil texture
Authors: Lucadamo Antonio , Leone Antonio
Published: July 2015

The mineral particles are classified in different textural classes according to their size. Reflectance spectrometry and spectra can be valid instruments to classify the soils according to their texture. This is possible using different statistical methods, for example, discriminant analysis. However, other multivariate methods, like multinomial logistic regression, can be used, but the presence of multicollinearity among explicative variables could affect the estimation of the parameters. The solution proposed to remedy this problem is an alternative way to apply the multinomial logit model. To evaluate its performances, we compare the results with both classical multinomial logit and discriminant analysis ones. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating Standards for First of a Kind and Unique Modular Process Plants
Authors: Bottenberg Herman
Published: July 2015

Modular plants offer the opportunity to save time and reduce development costs for market introduction of new products and processes. When designing process plants, sizing of equipment, process lines and the overall plant is determined by the process. Taking into account scale‐up factors which vary per process and type of industry most plants will have their own scale to be built at. Based on this vast variety in size and type of projects, it may be concluded that a standard module size that matches the process requirements in most cases is hard to determine. In this article an overview will be presented of different modular plant cases and the basis for standardizing these modular plants.
Simulating a Global Dynamic Supply Chain as a Market of Agents with Adaptive Bidding Strategies
Authors: Bas Gerben , Van der Lei Telli
Published: July 2015

The use of modular plants in the chemical industry is expected to make the structure of supply chains more dynamic. The models currently used to get insight in supply chains assume a predefined supply chain structure, as orders are exogenously defined. Consequently, those models cannot grasp the dynamic nature of supply chains with modular plants. In this paper a market conceptualization based on agent‐based computational economics is presented that includes transport costs in the negotiations and enables the modeling of supply chains as structures that emerge from market dynamics. It is shown that this conceptualization can capture the market dynamics that are needed to simulate a dynamic supply chain.
Hydrothermale Karbonisierung. 4. Thermische Eigenschaften der Produkte
Authors: Kruse Andrea , Kirchherr Monika , Gaag Stefanie , Zevaco Thomas A.
Published: July 2015

Die Flüchtigkeit von HTC‐Kohlen aus unterschiedlichen Biomassen und Modellsubstanzen wird mittels thermogravimetrischer Messungen verglichen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sich Lignocellulosen und deren Karbonisate deutlich anders verhalten als Biomassen anderer Zusammensetzung. Grund hierfür ist die Verminderung des Karbonisierungsgrades von Cellulose, die in Lignocellulosen durch Lignin verursacht wird. Außerdem wurden thermisch nachbehandelte HTC‐Kohlen untersucht. Die chemischen Veränderungen durch Wasserabspaltung und Vernetzung bei Karbonisierung und Nachbehandlung konnten durch FTIR‐Messungen identifiziert werden.
Spatial structuring of the population genetics of a European subterranean termite species
Authors: Bankhead‐Dronnet Stéphanie , Perdereau Elfie , Kutnik Magdalena , Dupont Simon , Bagnères Anne‐Geneviève
Published: July 2015

In population genetics studies, detecting and quantifying the distribution of genetic variation can help elucidate ecological and evolutionary processes. In social insects, the distribution of population‐level genetic variability is generally linked to colony‐level genetic structure. It is thus especially crucial to conduct complementary analyses on such organisms to examine how spatial and social constraints interact to shape patterns of intraspecific diversity. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial COII gene for 52 colonies of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), sampled from a population in southwestern France. Three haplotypes were detected, one of which was found exclusively in the southern part of the study area (near the Pyrenees). After genotyping 6 microsatellite loci for 512 individual termites, we detected a significant degree of isolation by distance among individuals over the entire range; however, the cline of genetic differentiation was not continuous, suggesting the existence of differentiated populations. A spatial principal component analysis based on allele frequency data revealed significant spatial autocorrelation among genotypes: the northern and southern groups were strongly differentiated. This finding was corroborated by clustering analyses; depending on the randomized data set, two or three clusters, exhibiting significant degrees of differentiation, were identified. An examination of colony breeding systems showed that colonies containing related neotenic reproductives were prevalent, suggesting that inbreeding may contribute to the high level of homozygosity observed and thus enhance genetic contrasts among colonies. We discuss the effect of evolutionary and environmental factors as well as reproductive and dispersal modes on population genetic structure.
Clinical characteristics and management of hospitalized and ambulatory patients with heart failure–results from ESC heart failure long‐term registry–Egyptian cohort
Authors: Hassanein Mahmoud , Abdelhamid Magdy , Ibrahim Bassem , Elshazly Ahmed , Aboleineen Mohamed Wafaie , Sobhy Hesham , Nasr Gamela , Elmesseiry Fatma , Abdelmoniem Ahmed , Ashmawy Medhat , Farag Nabil , Youssef Amr , Elbahry Atef , Elrakshy Yahia , Sobhy Mohamed , Khairy Abdel Dayem Tarek M. , Ebeid Hamdy , Reda Ashraf , Boshra Hesham , Saleh Ayman , Maggioni Aldo Pietro
Published: July 2015

Aims

Our aim is to describe the clinical characteristics and management of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (HHF) and ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in Egypt and compare them with heart failure (HF) patients from other countries in the European Society of Cardiology‐Heart Failure (ESC‐HF) registry.

Methods and results

The ESC‐HF Long‐term Registry is a prospective, multi‐centre, observational study of patients presenting to cardiology centres in member countries of the ESC. From April 2011 to February 2014, a total of 2145 patients with HF were recruited from 20 centres all over Egypt. Of these patients, 1475 (68.8%) were hospitalized with HHF, while 670 (31.2%) had CHF. Less than one‐third (32.1%) of all patients were females. HHF patients {median age of 61 years [interquartile range (IQR), 53–69]} were older than CHF patients [median age of 57 years (IQR,46‐64)]; P < 0.0001. They had more diabetes mellitus (45.4% vs. 31.8%; P < 0.0001). Left ventricular ejection fraction > 45% was present in 22% of HHF vs. 25.6% of CHF (P = 0.17). Atrial fibrillation existed in about a quarter of all patients (24.5%). Ischaemic heart disease was the main cause of HF in Egyptian patients. All‐cause in‐hospital mortality was 5%. Egyptian patients presented at a much earlier age than in other regions in the registry. They had more diabetes mellitus. Atrial fibrillation prevalence was remarkably lower. Other co‐morbidities (renal dysfunction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease) occurred less frequently.

Conclusion

Patients in the Egyptian cohort exhibited distinct features from HF patients in other countries in the ESC‐HF Long‐term Registry.
Protonation‐Dependent Luminescence of an Iridium(III) Bibenzimidazole Chromophore
Authors: Rommel Sebastian A. , Sorsche Dieter , Rockstroh Nils , Heinemann Frank W. , Kübel Joachim , Wächtler Maria , Dietzek Benjamin , Rau Sven
Published: July 2015

We present the synthesis and a detailed structural and photophysical investigation of the bis(phenylpyridine)iridium(III) complex of 4,4′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′‐bibenzimidazole [Ir(tmBBI)‐H2] and its homodinuclear complex [Ir(tmBBI)Ir]. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and NMR spectroscopy, and detailed UV/Vis and emission spectroscopy studies were performed. Ir(tmBBI)‐Hx shows strong protonation‐state‐dependent luminescence and is luminescent in all three of its protonation states, which allows for protonation‐state‐dependent color tuning from the green to blue spectral region. The diastereomeric meso and rac forms of the dinuclear Ir(tmBBI)Ir could be separated by fractional crystallization and both showed strong luminescence. A comparison with structurally related ruthenium complexes showed pronounced differences in their photophysical properties.
The Effects of Morphology and Linker Length on the Properties of Peptide–Lanthanide Upconversion Nanomaterials as G2 Phase Cell Cycle Inhibitors
Authors: Chan Chi‐Fai , Xie Chen , Tsang Ming‐Kiu , Lear Sam , Dai Lixiong , Zhou Yan , Cicho Jakub , Karbowiak Miroslaw , Hreniak Dariusz , Lan Rongfeng , Cobb Steve L. , Lam Michael Hon‐Wah , Hao Jianhua , Wong Ka‐Leung
Published: July 2015

In this work, the shape effect of our same‐sized hybrid nanomaterials conjugated with two different Plk1‐specific peptides had been investigated in terms of their photophysical properties, cellular uptake efficiencies, and selective inhibitory effects towards cancer and normal cells. The results clearly indicate that our spherical NaGdF4@SiO2‐P1 nanoparticles achieve the best performance for in vitro imaging, G2 phase cell arrest, and, hence, cell cycle inhibition.
Heterodi‐ (Fe, Pd/Pt) and Heterotrimetallic (Fe2, Pd) Complexes Derived from 4‐(Ferrocenylmethyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐3,5‐­diphenylpyrazole as Potential Antitumoral Agents
Authors: Guillén Eva , González Asensio , López Concepción , Basu Pradipta K. , Ghosh Amrita , Font‐Bardía Mercè , Calvis Carme , Messeguer Ramón
Published: July 2015

The study of the reactivity of the pyrazole derivative 1‐[MeO(CH2)2]‐3,5‐Ph2‐4‐(CH2Fc)–(C3N2) (1, Fc = ferrocenyl) with Na2[PdCl4], Pd(OAc)2, and [MCl2(dmso)2] (M = Pd or Pt, dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide) has allowed us to isolate trans‐[Pd{κ‐N‐(1‐{MeO(CH2)2}‐3,5‐Ph2‐4‐{CH2Fc}–{C3N2})}2Cl2] (2), [Pd{κ2‐C,N(1‐{MeO(CH2)2}‐3‐{C6H4}‐5‐Ph‐{C3N2})}{κ‐N‐(1‐{MeO(CH2)2}‐3,5‐Ph2‐4‐{CH2Fc}–{C3N2})}Cl] (3), [Pd{κ2‐C,N(1‐{MeO(CH2)2}‐3‐{C6H4}‐4‐{CH2Fc}‐5‐Ph‐{C3N2})}Cl(PPh3)] (4), and the trans (5) and cis (6) isomers of [Pt{κ‐N‐(1‐{MeO(CH2)2}‐3,5‐Ph2‐4‐{CH2Fc}–{C3N2})}Cl2(dmso)]. Compound 1 acts as a N (in 2, 5, and 6) or (C,N)– donor ligand (in 4) and shows both binding modes in 3. The cytotoxic assessment of 1–6 against MCF7, MDA‐MB231 (breast), and HCT‐116 (colon) cancer cell lines reveal that (1) 1 is more potent than 1‐[MeO(CH2)2]‐3,5‐Ph2‐(C3HN2) (V), (2) 2–6 have cytotoxic activity, (3) 2 and 3 are less active than 4–6, and (4) 6 is the most potent compound against the three cancer cell lines.
Chemoselective Synthesis of 5‐Alkylamino‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes by Cesium‐ and Copper‐Mediated Amination
Authors: Orrego‐Hernández Jessica , Cobo Justo , Portilla Jaime
Published: July 2015

Microwave‐assisted synthesis of new 5‐alkylamino‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes was performed efficiently, with yields up to 99 % and short reaction times. Nucleophilic substitution of primary alkylamines with activated 5‐chloro‐1‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde was mediated by the “cesium effect”. The amination of deactivated 1‐aryl‐5‐chloropyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes was also assisted by the cesium ion and catalyzed by copper(I).
An Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanone Derivatives with an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter by Using an Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Double Michael Addition
Authors: Chen Chi‐Han , Ko Chi‐Ting , Reddy Ganapuram Madhusudhan , Lee Chia‐Jui , Lin Wenwei
Published: July 2015

A cinchona alkaloid‐catalyzed enantioselective method has been developed for the synthesis of densely functionalized cyclohexanone derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivities and good enantioselectivities [diastereomeric ratio (dr) >95:5 and an enantiomeric excess (ee) value up to 86 %]. The products have an all‐carbon quaternary center that contains both a cyano and ester group flanked by two vicinal tertiary stereocenters. By using a one‐pot procedure, the tautomeric products were then transformed into the corresponding pyrazoles, which were obtained as single isomers in good yields.
Estimating the transition of individuals between life stages
Authors: Drezner T. D. , Drezner Z. , Balakrishnan N.
Published: July 2015

Over their lifetimes, individuals of a species transition from one stage of their life cycle to the next (for example, a nonreproductive juvenile will mature to a reproductive adult). Estimating the age at which these transitions occur can be complex for a variety of reasons. A fundamental, generalizable way to assess the mean age of transition along with a standard deviation of the distribution of the transition is developed. We propose and statistically develop a method that is easy to use, requires only one data collection period, and provides reliable estimates for the mean and the standard deviation of the transition point. Our results for the case studies for one species, Carnegiea gigantea, using eight independent real‐world datasets, are robust, confirming the validity and usefulness of the proposed technique. We develop an important ecological metric that quantifies the age at which a species transitions from one stage to another in its life cycle. This is a basic ecological metric that is often assumed, but that until now has been difficult to quantify practically for many species. This metric is easy to use (we provide a spreadsheet that does all the calculations) and essential for all life scientists, regardless of species, life form, or ecosystem of study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of laundering on military uniform fabric flammability
Authors: Morgan Alexander B. , Yip Pearl W.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, the effects of laundering on the flammability of a military uniform fabric were studied. The flame retardant was incorporated into the fiber prior to fiber spinning, and its ability to maintain flame spread and flame retardancy was evaluated by multiple test methods. Vertical flame spread, cone calorimeter, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry were used to determine how many of the flame retardants were removed as a function of wash cycles and if there was any measurable reduction in heat release/fire safety performance that correlated with a loss in flame retardant from washing. Fire testing showed that flame spread performance was maintained within the normal error for the measurement and heat release testing showed very little difference between samples as a function of laundering. Additional analysis via pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that while the flame retardant levels did decrease with washing, enough of the material remained embedded in the fibers so that fire performance could be maintained. The results do indicate that the flame retardant can be washed off, but because of the flame retardant being deeply embedded in the fiber, enough will remain with the fabric after 25 washes to maintain flame retardant performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A retrospective international study on primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the lung (BALT lymphoma) on behalf of International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG)
Authors: Sammassimo Simona , Pruneri Giancarlo , Andreola Giovanna , Montoro Juan , Steffanoni Sara , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Gandini Sara , Negri Mara , Habermann Thomas M. , Raderer Markus , Li Zhi‐Ming , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Adam Patrick , Zucca Emanuele , Martinelli Giovanni
Published: July 2015

Primary lymphoma of the lung is a rare entity. Clinical features, optimal treatment, role of surgery and outcomes are not well defined, and the follow‐up is variable in published data. Clinical data of 205 patients who were confirmed to have bronchus mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma from December 1986 to December 2011 in 17 different centres worldwide were evaluated. Fifty‐five per cent of the patients were female. The median age at diagnosis was 62 (range 28–88) years. Only 9% had a history of exposure to toxic substances, while about 45% of the patients had a history of smoking. Ten per cent of the patients had autoimmune disease at presentation, and 19% patients had a reported preexisting lung disease. Treatment modalities included surgery alone in 63 patients (30%), radiotherapy in 3 (2%), antibiotics in 1 (1%) and systemic treatment in 128 (62%). Patients receiving a local approach, mainly surgical resection, experienced significantly improved progression‐free survival (p = 0.003) versus those receiving a systemic treatment. There were no other significant differences among treatment modalities. The survival data confirm the indolent nature of the disease. Local therapy (surgery or radiotherapy) results in long‐term disease‐free survival for patients with localized disease. Systemic treatment, including alkylating‐containing regimens, can be reserved to patients in relapse after incomplete surgical excision or for patients with advanced disease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Zinc Zirconium Phosphate under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Karimi Hirbod
Published: July 2015

Zinc zirconium phosphate (ZPZn) nanoparticles have been used as an efficient catalyst for the selective oxidation of a wide range of alcohols to their corresponding ketones or aldehydes using H2O2 as an oxidizing agent without any organic solvent, phase transfer catalyst, or additive. The steric factors associated with the substrates had a significant influence on the reaction conditions. The results showed that this method can be applied for chemoselective oxidation of benzyl alcohols in the presence of aliphatic alcohols. The catalyst used in the current study was characterized by ICP‐OES, XRD, N2 adsorption‐desorption, NH3‐TPD, Py‐FTIR, SEM, and TEM. These analyses revealed that the interlayer distance in the catalyst increased from 7.5 to 8.7 Å when Zn2+ was intercalated between the layers, whereas the crystallinity of the material was reduced. This nanocatalyst could also be recovered and reused at least seven times without any discernible decrease in its catalytic activity. This new method for the oxidation of alcohols has several key advantages, including mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, excellent yields and a facile work‐up.
Regulation of synaptic MAPK/ERK phosphorylation in the rat striatum and medial prefrontal cortex by dopamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Xue Bing , Mao Li‐Min , Jin Dao‐Zhong , Wang John Q.
Published: July 2015

Dopamine and acetylcholine are two principal transmitters in the striatum and are usually balanced to modulate local neural activity and to maintain striatal homeostasis. This study investigates the role of dopamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the regulation of a central signaling protein, i.e., the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). We focus on the synaptic pool of MAPKs because of the fact that these kinases reside in peripheral synaptic structures in addition to their somatic locations. We show that a systemic injection of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) agonist SKF81297 enhances phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs), a prototypic subclass of MAPKs, in the adult rat striatum. Similar results were observed in another dopamine‐responsive region, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole had no such effects. Pretreatment with a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of muscarinic acetylcholine M4 receptors (M4Rs), VU0152100, attenuated the D1R agonist‐stimulated ERK phosphorylation in the two regions, whereas the PAM itself did not alter basal ERK phosphorylation. All drug treatments had no effect on phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs), another MAPK subclass, in the striatum and mPFC. These results demonstrate that dopamine and acetylcholine are integrated to control synaptic ERK but not JNK activation in striatal and mPFC neurons in vivo. Activation of M4Rs exerts an inhibitory effect on the D1R‐mediated upregulation of synaptic ERK phosphorylation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct differentiation of herbal medicine for volatile components by a multicapillary column with ion mobility spectrometry method
Authors: Li Qinglin , Li Rongqun , Cao Gang , Wu Xin , Yang Guangming , Cai Baochang , Cheng Bin , Mao Weimin
Published: July 2015

In this work, a headspace system coupled to a gas chromatographic column and ion mobility spectrometry was applied as a screening system to differentiate the crude and processed “atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma” samples. The obtained ion mobility data were consecutively processed by principal component analysis and Radar fingerprint chart methods. From the principal component analysis for the initial solution to original variables, the two principal components accounted for 68 and 13% of the total variance, respectively. The established method was proven to be valuable for classification, discrimination between herbal medicines from different processing procedures.
Primary breast cancer induces pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability and promotes metastasis via the VEGF–PKC pathway
Authors: Jiang Man , Qin Chengyong , Han Mingyong
Published: July 2015

The lung is one of the most frequent target organs for breast cancer metastasis. When breast cancer cells from a primary tumor do not colonize the lung, which we named the premetastatic phase, the microenvironment of the lung has already been influenced by the primary tumor. However, little is known about the exact premetastatic alteration and regulatory mechanisms of the lung. Here, we used 4T1 cells (a mouse breast cancer cell line which can specifically metastasize to the lung) to build a mouse breast cancer model. We found that primary breast tumor induced increased pulmonary vascular permeability in the premetastatic phase, which facilitated the leakage of rhodamine‐dextran and the extravasation of intravenous therapy injected cancer cells. Furthermore, tight junctions (TJs) were disrupted, and the expression of zonula occludens‐1(ZO‐1), one of the most important components of tight junctions, was decreased in the premetastatic lung. In addition, elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was involved in the destabilization of tight junctions and the VEGF antagonist bevacizumab reversed the primary tumor‐induced vascular hyperpermeability. Moreover, activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway disrupted the integrity of TJs and accordingly, the disruption could be alleviated by blocking VEGF. Taken together, these data demonstrate that primary breast cancer may induce tight junction disruptions in the premetastatic lung via the VEGF‐PKC pathway and promote pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability before metastasis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.