bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particularities of diagnosis in an elderly patient with neglected peritonitis: a case report
Authors: Tocu George , Tutunaru Dana , Mihailov Raul , Serban Cristina , Dimofte Florentin , Niculet Elena , Tatu Alin Laurentiu , Firescu Dorel
Published: August 2022

Acute peritonitis accounts for 1% of inpatient surgical emergencies and is the second leading cause of sepsis in patients in intensive care departments. Diagnosis through laboratory analysis in bacterial peritonitis focuses mainly on the biomarkers, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. A 73-year-old male patient presented with meteorism, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and hypotension. Laboratory investigations showed very high procalcitonin and C-reactive protein values, and abdominal radiography revealed paraumbilical hydroaerial levels, which suggested septic shock of intra-abdominal origin. Emergency laparotomy was performed, which revealed agglutinated intestinal loops in the right iliac fossa with false membranes, purulent fluid, overdistended jejunum and ileum with an occlusive appearance, acute gangrenous appendicitis with perforation, and suppurative omentitis. The intraoperative diagnosis was acute neglected peritonitis in the occlusive phase owing to acute gangrenous appendicitis with perforation and suppurative omentitis. Laboratory analysis in conjunction with imaging provides important information in the early diagnosis of infectious pathology in elderly patients, even if these methods do not accurately identify the cause. The combination of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein biomarker levels successfully contributed to the diagnosis in this case. Notably, the patient’s white blood cell counts were inconsistent with the severity of the infection.
Sex-related differences in cluster headache: A hospital-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Liaw Yi-Chia , Wang Yen-Feng , Chen Wei-Ta , Chen Shih-Pin , Wu Jr-Wei , Chen Shu-Ting , Lai Kuan-Lin , Fuh Jong-Ling , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To compare the clinical profiles between male and female cluster headache patients from a large cohort.

Methods

This hospital-based study enrolled patients diagnosed with cluster headache between 1997 to 2021. Participants completed structured questionnaires collecting information on demographics, clinical profiles, and quality of life. Treatment regimens and effectiveness were determined through medical chart review. All variables were compared between the sexes.

Results

In total, 798 patients (M/F:659/139) were enrolled. The male-to-female ratio was 4.7:1 for the full study period, but it declined from 5.2:1 to 4.3:1 for patients enrolled before and after 2010, respectively. The frequencies of chronic cluster headache (M:1.2%, F:1.4%) and aura (M:0.3%, F:0.7%) were low but similar between the sexes. Most headache features showed no difference between men and women. Female patients had significantly longer attack duration, shorter inter-bout duration, higher frequencies for eyelid edema, nausea and vomiting and lower frequencies for conjunctival injection and pacing. Sex difference did not influence headache-associated disability, anxiety, or depression, but poor sleep quality was significantly more common in women. Among menstruating women, 22/122 (18.0%) reported worsening headaches during menses. The effectiveness of treatment was similar between the sexes.

Conclusions

Despite a decline of male-to-female ratio in the past two decades, most clinical profiles were similar between the sexes.
Approach for Quantifying Roadside Hazard Risk on Two-Lane Highways in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Chatterjee Sudipa , Mitra Sudeshna , Maitra Bhargab
Published: August 2022

With the adaptation of a “Safe system” approach and design for “forgiving roads” in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a need to develop new strategies to minimize run-off-road (ROR) crash severity of errant vehicles with potential roadside hazards specially on two-lane highways. While a common practice among highway designers or road safety auditors have always been to rate the roadside condition to prioritize hazardous road segment, the method has mostly been based on subjective judgement rather than systematic investigation. Moreover, the overall roadside environment of a LMIC such as India is different from a developed country, and needs more in-depth quantification. However, in most LMICs, details of roadside hazards are often not available from the crash records. To address this gap, an attempt has been made to develop a hierarchical roadside risk assessment index through a combined reactive–proactive approach for typical two-lane highways in LMICs. The proposed methodology was illustrated and validated on two-lane highways in India. The results obtained from the study indicated that the roadside hazard types in LMICs are almost similar to the developed countries, however their associated risk levels are different. Moreover, the predominant risk factors related to roadside hazard observed on two-lane highways in such countries like India is also very diverse. Thus, the insights obtained from the study can aid organizations and agencies responsible for road safety management, reach more flexible decisions in planning and designing safer roads, especially in context of LMICs.
Recommendation System for Tourist Attractions Based on Wi-Fi Packet Sensor Data
Authors: Hanawa Keisuke , Terabe Shintaro , Yaginuma Hideki , Tanaka Kosuke
Published: August 2022

The needs of tourists have become diversified in recent years, and providing tourist information can help satisfy these various needs. Although such information should reflect actual travel behavior, it is not easy to collect data on how tourists visit tourist attractions. Nowadays, it is not uncommon to see tourists looking at their smartphone, searching for information about where to go next. If a recommendation system could suggest the next destination, more tourists would appreciate the information and visit there. Therefore, we envisioned a recommendation system based on records of tourist movements from Wi-Fi packet sensor data. The system would provide tourists with relevant information about the recommended locations. The aim of this research was to investigate the computation method for the recommendations, which is necessary to demonstrate this idea. We also compared the results and characteristics of recommendations made based on cosine similarity. The results showed that, when using Wi-Fi data without cleaning, some tourist spots were strongly recommended because of bias in the data observations. Therefore, a dataset was also used that was restricted to tourists who visited three or more places. As a result of this restriction, the accuracy of the recommendations was improved. Furthermore, we made a recommendation based on a dummy variable that represented whether tourists had visited each location, which enabled recommendations to be generated for locations where it was difficult to observe data.
Returning Biology to Evolutionary Sociology: Reflections on the Conceptual Hiatuses of “New Evolutionary Sociology” as a Vantage Point
Authors: Ho Wing Chung
Published: August 2022

Decades of scholarly efforts to reignite the theoretical integration between sociology and biology have come to partial fruition in the birth of evolutionary sociology at the turn of the twentieth-first century. This paper examines one of the most elaborated versions of the paradigm—“new evolutionary sociology” (NES)—proposed by Jonathan H. Turner and colleagues. NES emphasizes purposeful, multilevel selective pressure targeted at corporate units, groups, or societies—rather than the blind, Darwinian natural selection on individuals—from which institutional systems are developed. Despite its contribution, NES possesses conceptual lacunae that have fettered NES in specific and evolutionary sociology in general from becoming a novel and truly evolutionary-cum-sociological paradigm in explaining social phenomena. This paper identifies three conceptual hiatuses of NES, in that it lacks due deliberation of (1) the gene-culture interaction that bridges individual behaviors—via natural, sexual, group, and multilevel selections—with the emerging sociocultural formations; (2) the epistemic role of fitness as a post factum propensity in empirical analysis; and (3) the concept of causal mechanism utilized to explain the diverse paths leading to the emergent phenomena.
Understanding Social and Emotional Loneliness among Black Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ojembe Blessing Ugochi , Kalu Michael Ebe , Donatus Ezulike Chigozie , Iwuagwu Anthony Obinna , Ekoh Prince Chiagozie , Oyinlola Oluwagbemiga , Osifeso Temitope , Makanjuola John Osuolale , Kapiriri Lydia
Published: August 2022

Black older adults’ (BOAs) experience of loneliness differs from other ethnic groups because of the disproportionate disadvantages faced across their life course. This scoping review aimed to describe the range of research on loneliness or subjective social isolation among BOAs, identifying the contributing factors to loneliness in this population, based on Weiss’ Social provision Framework. Of the 15,345 initial retrieved citations from seven databases and corporate websites, we included 27 studies conducted in the USA, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Uganda. Studies reporting on BOAs’ experience of loneliness focused on the influence of attachment, social integration, opportunity for nurturance, reassurance of worth, guidance, socio-economic factors, health-related factors and behaviors, and technology, media device possession and usage. There is a need for future studies to identify which social provisions (when targeted) could reduce loneliness, allowing clinicians to develop relevant interventions.
Practitioners’ Views on Enabling People With Dementia to Remain in Their Homes During and After Crisis
Authors: Redley Marcus , Poland Fiona , Coleston-Shields Donna Maria , Stanyon Miriam , Yates Jennifer , Streater Amy , Orrell Martin
Published: August 2022

One way of supporting people living with dementia is assisting them to live in their homes (as opposed to being admitted to hospital or other facility) and providing them with a specialist service that responds to crises. This makes it important to understand how best to organize such crisis response services. This study examines practitioners’ actions to reduce inpatient admissions among this population. Through interviews with healthcare practitioners, we find that practitioners negotiate a complex intersection between (1) what constitutes a crisis in relation to the patient and/or the carer, (2) the demands of building a working relationship with both the patient and their family carers, and (3) ensuring effective communications with social services responsible for long-term community support. Findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing admissions should be based on a model of care that more closely maps practitioners’ relational and bio-medical work in these services.
The Renaissance of Performance Appraisal: Engaging Public Employees Through Perceived Developmental Purpose and Justice
Authors: Vidè Francesco , Micacchi Lorenza , Barbieri Marta , Valotti Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Performance appraisal is recognized as a powerful human resource management (HRM) practice. However, its effectiveness depends on how public employees perceive appraisal systems. Based on the Social Exchange Theory, this study aims to empirically explore the impact of the perceived developmental purpose of performance appraisal on a relevant and critical individual attitude in public HRM literature, such as work engagement. Additionally, the study investigates perceived performance appraisal justice as a potential mediator of such a relationship. The analysis of an online survey administered to 1,482 Italian civil servants through a structural equation model shows that perceived developmental appraisal has a positive impact on the work engagement of public employees. This relationship is partially mediated by interactional performance appraisal justice perceptions, while distributive and procedural justice do not significantly affect work engagement. This contribution addresses specific research gaps in the public sector HRM literature. Our results suggest that public organizations can enhance engagement through perceived developmental, interactional, and fair performance appraisal systems.
Diversity in Higher Education Institutions That Train Ministry Leaders: A Call for True Reflection and Examination
Authors: Gushiken Kevin
Published: August 2022

This article explores diversity in higher education institutions, particularly seminaries. In recent years, colleges and universities have grappled with ethnic make-up among faculty and staff. In many cases, a color-blind approach is adopted that focuses on demographic composition. This article argues for institutions to adopt a color-conscious approach that seeks to embrace a diverse ethos that informs decision-making, curricula choices, and faculty voices. This paper specifically focuses on Christian institutions. A biblical, theological, and sociological exploration of ethnicity is presented. Implications for institutions of higher education are provided. These implications have specific importance for seminaries who train ministry leaders to lead in an increasingly global world.
Adjustable biodegradability of low-swelling hydrogels prepared from recombinant peptides based on human collagen type 1
Authors: Nakano Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Sakamoto Michiharu , Aiki Yasuhiro , Yanase Naoto , Hori Ritsuko , Katayama Yasuhiro , Tsuge Itaru , Saito Susumu , Morimoto Naoki
Published: August 2022

An ideal hydrogel for tissue engineering and regenerative therapy is cytocompatible, biocompatible, and has low-swelling characteristics. Recently, a novel low-swelling hydrogel with a homogenous structure was developed by crosslinking a recombinant peptide, modeled on human collagen type 1 (RCPhC1), with a four-arm polyethylene glycol (tetra-PEG). Here, we hypothesized that the biodegradability of the RCPhC1 hydrogel was adjustable by altering its initial polymer concentration. Three types of RCPhC1 hydrogels were prepared using the initial polymer at different concentrations, and their morphology, swelling ratio, collagenase degradability, cytocompatibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability were compared. The results revealed a low swelling ratio. The higher the concentration of the initial polymer, the longer it took for it to be degraded by collagenase. The average cell viability ratio was over 92% when using the direct contact method, which suggests that the hydrogels have excellent cytocompatibility. No death, tumorigenesis, exposure of the implants, or skin necrosis associated with the subcutaneous implantation of the hydrogels was found in mice in vivo. Moreover, histological evaluation revealed the formation of a thin fibrous capsule, which suggests an acceptable biocompatibility. Furthermore, as hypothesized, it was confirmed that the biodegradability can be adjusted by changing the initial polymer concentration. Collectively, the ability to fine-tune the biodegradability of RCPhC1 hydrogels demonstrates their potential for use in various clinical applications.
“Take It Out on the Floor”: Experiences of Violence Among Black LGBT House and Ball Community Youth in a Rust Belt City
Authors: Jacobson López Daniel , Chandler Cristian , Whitfield Darren L. , Adams Brian , Burdick Jessica , Friedman Mackey R.
Published: August 2022

Black, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), individuals experience higher rates of violent victimization compared to their cisgender heterosexual counterparts over their life course. Among Black LGBT people, witnessing and experiencing violence have been related to poor health outcomes, including depression, risky sexual behavior, substance use, and lower engagement in healthcare services. We engaged in research to better understand the effects of violence experienced by the Black LGBT youth community. We conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study focused on the causes of violence occurring in the lives of Black LGBT youth engaged in a recreation-based community health program. The study consisted of four focus groups with Black LGBT youth ( N = 24) and in-depth individual interviews with medical and social service providers who work with Black LGBT youth ( N = 4). Data analysis presented three themes: (1) causes of violence, (2) the context of intracommunity violence, and (3) solutions to violence. The first theme describes the reasoning, motivation, or explanation for violence experienced by the Black LGBT youth community. The second theme, the context of intracommunity violence, describes how violence occurs specifically within Black LGBT young adult communities. The third theme, solutions to violence, describes the recommendations for addressing, reducing, and/or eliminating violence within the Black LGBT youth community. Our findings highlight the need for safe spaces, culturally-relevant services, and trusted figures for Black LGBT young adults, which can serve as mechanisms for mitigating violence.
The Impact of Community-Based Testing Sites and Gift Incentives on COVID-19 Testing Uptake in Maryland, April 29 – May 9, 2021
Authors: Turbyfill Caitlin , Thomas Isabel , Agravat Namita , Prasher Joanna M , Nett Randall J , Stevens Melody , Ricaldi Jessica N , Dunams Tambra M , Brickhouse-Frazier Latasha , Carter Melissa D , Gebru Yonathan , King Ashley , May Coral S , Miller Joseph D , Oguh Chigo , Pullman Amanda , Roman Kaylin , Rose Charles , Scherr Robert , Sidibe Turquoise , Soelaeman Rieza , Weinstein Jonathan , Wilson Todd , Tran Cuc H
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Information on incentives for COVID-19 testing is needed to understand effective practices that encourage testing uptake. We describe characteristics of those who received an incentive after performing a rapid antigen test.

Design

Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of survey data.

Setting

During April 29–May 9, 2021, COVID-19 rapid antigen testing was offered in 2 Maryland cities.

Sample

Convenience sample of 553 adults (≥18 years) who tested and received an incentive; 93% consented to survey.

Measures

Survey questions assessed reasons for testing, testing history, barriers, and demographics.

Analysis

Robust Poisson regressions were used to determine characteristic differences based on testing history and between participants who would re-test in the future without an incentive vs participants who would not.

Results

The most common reasons for testing were the desire to be tested (n = 280; 54%) and convenience of location (n = 146; 28%). Those motivated by an incentive to test (n = 110; 21%) were 5.83 times as likely to state they would not test again without an incentive, compared to those with other reasons for testing (95% CI: 2.67-12.72, P < .001).

Critical Limitations

No comparative study group.

Conclusion

Results indicate internal motivation and convenience were prominent factors supporting testing uptake. Incentives may increase community testing participation, particularly among people who have never tested. Keywords COVID-19, pandemic, incentives, health behavior, community testing.
Entropy generation on Casson hybrid nanofluid over a curved stretching sheet with convective boundary condition: Semi-analytical and numerical simulations
Authors: Sakkaravarthi K , Reddy P Bala Anki
Published: August 2022

The present study reports a computational analysis of entropy generation on the MHD flow behavior of two-dimensional Casson hybrid nanofluid over a porous curved stretching sheet in the appearance of thermal radiation. To examine the rheology of the blood we have incorporated Casson fluid model in which comparison is done for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian models. In this investigation, we used the blood as based and Tantalum ( Ta) and Cobalt ( Co) are nanoparticles due to an extensive range of biomedical applications such as an agent to prevent the heat transfer of blood and wounded tissue, treatments of anemia, and treatment of cancer therapeutics. The governing non-linear coupled partial differential equations are altered into non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations by using the similarity variables. The Homotopy Perturbation Method is used to solve the newly renovated equations semi-analytically. The semi-analytical outcomes are validated with numerical outcomes obtained through the shooting method, and they are also compared to available literature as a limiting case. Graphical projections are supplied with the influence of active parameters for velocity, temperature, Bejan number, entropy production, skin friction, and Nusselt number. The velocity profile increases for higher values of curvature parameter, and mixed convection parameter. The temperature profile increases, when increases the thermal radiation and magnetic parameters. Higher values of the nanoparticle’s volume fraction enhance the rate of heat transfer. Compare to the Newtonian fluid model non-Newtonian provide higher heat transfer.
Who should be a science communicator? The struggle for ‘legitimate’ status as science communicators between Chinese scientists and citizens on a Chinese knowledge-sharing platform
Authors: Yang Zheng
Published: August 2022

Qualitative interviews with Chinese scientist science communicators ( n = 15) and citizen science communicators ( n = 15) on Zhihu suggest that there is a struggle between the two groups to be seen as legitimate science communicators online. Public users tried to show their enthusiasm as science communicators, integrate into the circle of science communicators and blur the boundary between scientists and themselves. The participating scientists tend to discount such activity and indicate that they are more legitimate science communicators, possessing the requisite scientific literacy and noble personal morality.
Start Where the Social Worker Is: Social Workers’ Perceptions of Clinical Licensure in Nebraska
Authors: Reay Susan R. , D’Souza Henry J. , Tevis Kris D. , Fleck Avery H.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the perceptions of clinical social workers compared to other mental health professionals (OMHPs). Methods: This exploratory survey research evaluates the perceptions of clinical licensure from social workers ( N = 519) and OMHPs ( N = 624) in a midwestern state. Results: The results indicate that most respondents believe that universities should be evaluated based on whether students pass licensing exams, and that faculty should be licensed. Many social workers feel ill-prepared to take a licensing exam. There are significant differences between social workers and OMHP in several areas. Additionally, differences are distinct between social workers who are people of color and White in their perception of universities’ ability to prepare them for licensing exams. Conclusions: This research serves as a prototype for a more extensive study exploring social workers’ perceptions of licensure's three main components: examination, supervision, and education.
Substance Use, Sleep Deprivation, Unsafe Sex, and Suicide Attempt among Finote Selam College of Teachers’ Education Students: Implications for Psycho-Educational Interventions
Authors: Tegegne Wossen Ayalew
Published: August 2022

The objectives of the study were to assess risky behaviors among students. A total of 52 female and 48 male graduating class students were selected by using comprehensive sampling. Independent sample t-test and chi-square were used. The study revealed that unsafe sexual practice was found to a large extent. However, substance usage and suicide attempts were found to be lower among regular college trainees. Risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual practices, suicide attempts, and sleep deprivation are more dominantly seen in females while substance usage was more dominantly seen in males. Therefore, training and advice should be given by reproductive health experts and psychologists.
Evaluating the Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Cellular Rejection in a Steroid Sparing Liver Transplant Center
Authors: Zhang Xunjie , Lichvar Alicia , Chan Christine , Choi David
Published: August 2022

Background:

Corticosteroids has been the mainstay of immunosuppression (IMS) following liver transplant (LT). With the advent of more potent IMS, complete steroid withdrawal has become possible after LT. However, there is limited data regarding the incidence and risk factors for acute cellular rejection (ACR) in LT recipients on steroid sparing regimens.

Objective:

To identify the incidence and risk factors of ACR in LT recipients at an urban LT center utilizing a steroid-sparing IMS regimen.

Methods:

This was a single center retrospective study evaluating incidence of ACR in adults (>18 years) who received a LT between 01/01/2008 and 6/30/2019 at a steroid-sparing liver transplant center. Data between patients who had ACR and patients who did not were compared and risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic linear regression.

Results:

A total of 266 patients were included in this analysis, of which 18.4% experienced ACR within the first year of LT. Median time to first ACR was 134 (interquartile range [IQR]: 34-246) days. Black race (odds ratio [OR]: 4.39, P < 0.001), continued need for prednisone (OR: 2.80, P = 0.015) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia (OR: 6.27, P < 0.001)) were independent risk factors for ACR. Tacrolimus use was associated with less ACR (OR: 0.33, P = 0.013).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Steroid sparing regimens for IMS post-LT were not associated with an increased incidence of ACR when compared to reported ACR rates in literature. Potential risk factors for ACR include Black race, the use of prednisone maintenance IMS therapy, and CMV viremia.
Major Bleeding Postadministration of Tenecteplase Versus Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Walton Mary N. , Hamilton Leslie A. , Salyer Sonia , Wiseman Brian F. , Forster Ann M. , Rowe A. Shaun
Published: August 2022

Background:

Tenecteplase is a genetically engineered fibrinolytic with growing interest in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Compared to alteplase, tenecteplase is effective for neurologic improvement following ischemic stroke in patients with large vessel occlusions who are eligible for thrombectomy and for mild ischemic strokes with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 0 to 5.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to determine if safety outcomes are different in patients receiving tenecteplase and alteplase for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort reviewed all patients who received alteplase or tenecteplase from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients admitted before April 28, 2020, received alteplase intravenous bolus over 1 minute followed by an infusion over 1 hour, for a total of 0.9 mg/kg. Patients admitted after this date received tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg as an intravenous bolus over 5 to 10 seconds. Any patient transferring from an outside facility was excluded. The primary outcome was major bleeding.

Results:

There was no significant difference in major bleeding between alteplase and tenecteplase (40 [18%] vs 21 [18.1%], P = 0.985). There was no significant difference in all-cause inpatient mortality for alteplase versus tenecteplase (10 [5%] vs 5 [4%], P = 0.934) or in adverse events between the groups (22 [9%] vs 14 [12%], P = 0.541) for alteplase and tenecteplase, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance:

Tenecteplase had similar rates of major bleeding versus alteplase and may be a reasonable alternative in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Perioperative Antiplatelet Bridging With Cangrelor: A Cohort Study and Narrative Review
Authors: Salgia Alok , Krueger Chelsea K. , Gillette Michael A.
Published: August 2022

Background:

In patients who received a cardiac stent, practice guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, an urgent procedure may be required necessitating interruption of DAPT. Intravenous cangrelor was previously shown to be an alternative due its short-half life and quick onset/offset.

Objective:

To determine the safety and effectiveness of cangrelor bridging for patients undergoing invasive procedures in a veteran population.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort of patients from Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and the VA North Texas Health Care Systems who underwent perioperative cangrelor bridging. The primary outcome was the incidence of bleeding using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. The secondary outcome was a composite of nonfatal stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), mortality, and unplanned revascularization within 30 days. A narrative review was also performed to summarize cangrelor bridging for noncardiac invasive procedure.

Results:

There were 41 patients that met the eligibility criteria. Patients were predominantly Caucasian (57.5%) men with a median age of 70 years. The median duration on cangrelor bridging was 2.6 days with 11 and 30 patients undergoing cardiac and noncardiac invasive procedures, respectively. Nine patients (22%) had a bleeding event of which 8 were minor. One was severe due to significant iliopsoas hematoma following drain placement. All bleeding events occurred postoperatively except for 2 perioperative events that occurred during orthopedic procedures. Ischemic events up to 30 days occurred in 3 patients (7.3%) which consisted of 1 (2.4%) nonfatal MI requiring revascularization and 2 (4.9%) deaths, 1 of which was sudden cardiac.

Conclusion and Relevance:

This study suggests that cangrelor bridging may be a reasonable alternative to holding oral P2Y12 inhibitors in patients requiring interruption of antiplatelet therapy for an urgent surgery/invasive procedure.
The Statistical Fragility of Operative vs Nonoperative Management for Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies
Authors: Fackler Nathan P. , Karasavvidis Theofilos , Ehlers Cooper B. , Callan Kylie T. , Lai Wilson C. , Parisien Robert L. , Wang Dean
Published: August 2022

Background:

The statistical significance of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative studies is often conveyed utilizing the P value. However, P values are an imperfect measure and may be vulnerable to a small number of outcome reversals to alter statistical significance. The interpretation of the statistical strength of these studies may be aided by the inclusion of a Fragility Index (FI) and Fragility Quotient (FQ). This study examines the statistical stability of studies comparing operative vs nonoperative management for Achilles tendon rupture.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed of 10 orthopaedic journals between 2000 and 2021 for comparative studies focusing on management of Achilles tendon rupture reporting dichotomous outcome measures. FI for each outcome was determined by the number of event reversals necessary to alter significance ( P < .05). FQ was calculated by dividing the FI by the respective sample size. Additional subgroup analyses were performed.

Results:

Of 8020 studies screened, 1062 met initial search criteria with 17 comparative studies ultimately included for analysis, 10 of which were RCTs. A total of 40 outcomes were examined. Overall, the median FI was 2.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 2-4), the mean FI was 2.90 (±1.58), the median FQ was 0.032 (IQR 0.012-0.069), and the mean FQ was 0.049 (±0.062). The FI was less than the number of patients lost to follow-up for 78% of outcomes.

Conclusion:

Studies examining the efficacy of operative vs nonoperative management of Achilles tendon rupture may not be as statistically stable as previously thought. The average number of outcome reversals needed to alter the significance of a given study was 2.90. Future analyses may benefit from the inclusion of a fragility index and a fragility quotient in their statistical analyses.
Examining the Concurrent and Predictive Validity of Single Items in Ecological Momentary Assessments
Authors: Song Jiyoung , Howe Esther , Oltmanns Joshua R. , Fisher Aaron J.
Published: August 2022

Although single items can save time and burden in psychology research, concerns about their reliability have made the use of multiple-item measures the default standard practice. Although single items cannot demonstrate internal reliability, their criterion validity can be compared with multiple-item measures. Using ecological momentary assessment data, we evaluated repeated measures correlations and constructed multilevel cross-lagged models to assess concurrent and predictive validity of single- and multiple-item measures. Correlations between the single- and multiple-item measures ranged from .24 to .61. In 27 of 29 unique single-item predictor models, single items demonstrated significant predictive validity, and in one of eight sets of comparisons, a single-item predictor exhibited a larger effect size than its multiple-item counterpart. Although multiple-item measures generally performed better than single items, the added benefit of multiple items was modest in most cases. The present data provide support for the use of single-item measures in intensive longitudinal designs.
Identification of rotor–stator rub-impact faults based on dual complexity parameters
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Guo Guihong , Gao Yunhong
Published: August 2022

For effective identification of rub-impact faults between rotor and stator of equipment, the paper has contributed the method integrating dual complexity parameters and variational mode decomposition (VMD). Firstly, to effectively separate the fault characteristics involved in signals, VMD algorithm was applied to decompose vibration signals and the component signals were obtained; secondly, taking account of the large difference of fault feature information involved in different component signals and in order to make options of sensitive fault component signals and reduce the loss of fault features, multi-scale Lempel–Ziv complexity and complexity parameter in Hjorth parameters were brought. Starting from 2 different perspectives of complexity evaluation, choose from the sensitive component signals containing more fault characteristics with these 2 complexity parameters; thirdly, signals were reconstructed based on selected sensitive component signals, and meanwhile, singular value difference spectrum algorithm was used to denoise reconstructed signals to further lessen the influence of noises; finally, the rub-impact fault between rotor and stator was identified by square demodulation spectrum (SDS) of denoised signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proved by comparative analysis with other approaches as well as validation analysis of rub-impact fault signals in multiple situations.
Women Survivors of Adolescent Dating Violence Describe the Maintenance of Their Abusive Relationships: First Person Stories via YouTube
Authors: Hegel Jennifer , Cummings Jorden A. , Toews Kelsi , Knowles Laura A. , Willcott-Benoit Whitney , Palermo Alisia M. , Deleurme Kendall A.
Published: August 2022

The current study explores the personal stories of young women on their own experiences with adolescent dating violence and focuses on their perceptions of the relevant factors that maintained the relationship over time. To this end, we analyzed seven publicly available videos on YouTube of women explaining their experiences of adolescent dating violence, including how they perceived their relationships to be maintained over time. We identified four major sources these survivors perceived as contributing to the maintenance of adolescent dating violence: the Self, the Partner, the Relational Dynamic, and Other People.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Staff in Violence Against Women Services
Authors: Burd Caitlin , MacGregor Jennifer C. D. , Ford-Gilboe Marilyn , Mantler Tara , McLean Isobel , Veenendaal Jill , Wathen Nadine ,   the Violence Against Women Services in a Pandemic Research Team
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been harmful to survivors of abuse. Less understood is the impact on staff in the violence against women (VAW) service sector. Using interpretive description methodology, we examined staff experiences during the pandemic in Ontario, Canada, and found four core themes: (1) the emotional toll of the work; (2) remote (doesn't) work; (3) work restructuring; (4) efforts to stay well and subthemes nuancing staff experiences in a sector vulnerable to vicarious trauma. This research underscores the need to mitigate experiences of stress, heavy workloads, and guilt for staff in VAW services during crises and provides action-oriented recommendations.
Artificial Insemination in Queens in the Clinical Practice Setting: Protocols and challenges
Authors: Zambelli Daniele , Cunto Marco
Published: August 2022

Practical relevance:

Despite substantial advances in assisted reproductive techniques having been recently reported in cats, the use of these is limited and routine application is still far from being a reality in veterinary clinics. Nevertheless, there is an increasing demand from domestic cat breeders for artificial insemination (AI) techniques that are already commonly used in dogs. Where natural breeding is not possible in tom cats and queens of high breeding value, AI could offer a solution. Clinical challenges: AI in cats is more difficult than in other species – both in terms of semen collection/handling and oestrous cycle management given that ovulation must be induced.

Aim:

For practitioners wishing to perform AI in queens, there are challenges to overcome, and a good understanding of the techniques and procedures involved is pivotal. This review aims to contribute to improved knowledge by providing an overview of AI protocols, encompassing choice of breeding animals, procedures for semen collection, oestrus and ovulation induction, AI techniques and equipment.

Equipment and technical skills:

Depending on the animals involved and the specific AI technique chosen, essential equipment may include an artificial vagina, electroejaculator, endoscope (sialendoscope, which can be fairly expensive) and special catheters for transcervical insemination. Other instrumentation and materials needed are typically readily available in a veterinary clinic. In general, no particular skills are needed to perform the procedures described in this review, with the exception of endoscopic transcervical catheterisation, where the ability to use an endoscope is required.

Evidence base:

The information and advice/recommendations provided are based on specific feline research and reviews published in scientific peer-reviewed journals, animal reproduction textbooks, and presentations at national and international congresses. The authors also drew on their own clinical experience with regard to the choice of protocols and procedures presented in this review.
Analysis methodology for the assessment of unvented honeycomb sandwich structures subject to in-plane and pressure loads
Authors: Engelstad Sean P. , Chen Zhi M , Goyal Vinay K.
Published: August 2022

As an aircraft or spacecraft ascends, the atmospheric pressure drops. If the internal pressure is not released, a pressure differential develops on the facesheet. With an in-plane load from vehicle acceleration as well, the pressure and in-plane load may cause failure. Vented sandwich structures are strongly preferred since they release the internal pressure; however, special cases still require an unvented design. This paper provides an analysis and test methodology for unvented sandwich structures. Parametric studies of facesheet-core debonding and buckling were conducted via finite element analysis, considering geometric, material, and load parameters. Design curves based on the key nondimensional parameters were tuned to the data from the parametric study, providing a tool to predict facesheet-core debond failure. Examples of how to use the design curves in practical applications are provided.
Power, shared ideas and order transition: China, the United States, and the creation of the Bretton Woods order
Authors: King Amy
Published: August 2022

The claim that transitions in international order are not only products of transitions in power, but also products of transitions in shared ideas is now relatively uncontroversial in the International Relations literature. Yet persistent gaps remain in understanding how ideas are shared, and which states play a role in sharing an international order’s ideas. This paper demonstrates that ideas are shared through social, interactive processes, which involve both superordinate states and subordinate ones. Nevertheless, as a result of their unequal power, subordinate state agency is typically expressed when subordinate states operate in conjunction with superordinate ones, a finding that poses empirical challenges for studying subordinate states’ ideas and their order-shaping role. To resolve this challenge, the paper explores how a pair of superordinate and subordinate states – the United States and the Republic of China – operated in conjunction with one another to shape the transition to a post-WWII order at Bretton Woods. It examines cases of idea convergence and divergence between the United States and China; carefully disentangles the conscious and unconscious drivers of idea convergence; and highlights three distinct mechanisms – amplifying, grafting and resistance by appropriation – through which subordinate states shape a changing order’s shared ideas.
Modeling a decision support system for Covid-19 using systems dynamics and fuzzy inference
Authors: Gude Vinayaka
Published: August 2022

Covid-19 has impacted the lives of people across the world with deaths and unprecedented economic damage. Countries have employed various restrictions and lockdowns to slow down the rate of its spread with varying degrees of success. This research aims to propose an optimal strategy for dealing with a pandemic taking the deaths and economy into account. A complete lockdown until vaccination is not suitable as it can destroy the economy, whereas having no restrictions would result in more Covid-19 cases. Therefore, there is a need for a dynamic model which can propose a suitable strategy depending on the economic and health situation. This paper discusses an approach involving a systems dynamics model for evaluating deaths and hospitals and a fuzzy inference system for deciding the strategy for the next time period based on pre-defined rules. We estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a sum of government spending, investment, consumption, and spending. The resulting hybrid framework aims to attain a balance between health and economy during a pandemic. The results from a 30-week simulation indicate that the model has 2.9 million $ in GDP higher than complete lockdown and 21 fewer deaths compared to a scenario with no restrictions. The model can be used for the decision-making of restriction policies by configuring the fuzzy rules and membership functions. The paper also discusses the possibility of introducing virus variants in the model.
On failure analysis of three-dimensional printed functionally graded material prepared by direct metal laser sintering
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Khan Mohammad Mujahid , Pradhan Smruti Ranjan , Kumar Vinay
Published: August 2022

In the past decade, some studies were reported on the successful three-dimensional printing of meta-structure-inspired functionally graded material with two different alloys (having a wide difference in melting range ≈ 450–500 °C) by direct metal laser sintering. But hitherto little has been reported on failure analysis of such meta-structure-inspired three-dimensional printed functional prototypes of dual alloys (17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) and Ti-6Al-4V) with direct metal laser sintering (while fabrication). This study reports the failure analysis of meta-structure inspired dual alloys printing (as FGM) at different processing parameters of direct metal laser sintering. Initially, a pilot study was performed in which a solid structure of Ti-6Al-4V and 17-4 PH SS was successfully printed by selecting the suitable direct metal laser sintering process parameters as functionally graded material (stage 0). In the next stage, specimens of dual alloys were printed with dodecahedron and octet meta-structure of Ti-6Al-4V as a sandwich between the 17-4 PH SS and Ti-6Al-4V layers (stage 1). It has been observed that the octet-based specimen was successfully printed, while the dodecahedron-based sample failed after attaining some height. After successfully octet meta-structure printing of dual alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and 17-4 PH SS), direct metal laser sintering process parameters were further explored for optimization (stage 2). For failure analysis, the specimens with octet meta-structure were fabricated by fixing energy density (in stage 3), hatching distance (in stage 4), laser power (in stage 5), and energy density, hatching distance, laser power, scanning speed (in stage 6). Finally, for confirmation (stage 7), a single specimen was successfully printed by taking process parameters of the successful octet-based sample of stage 2. All the printing failures as per porosity analysis (such as balling phenomenon, caves, and cervices formation) concerning the number of sintered layers in this study are supported with photomicrographic analysis (based on scanning electron microscopy images).
Pulling the Trigger: A Systematic Literature Review of Trigger Warnings as a Strategy for Reducing Traumatization in Higher Education
Authors: Bryce India , Horwood Nicola , Cantrell Kate , Gildersleeve Jessica
Published: August 2022

In the academic context, trigger warnings can be defined as explicit statements that alert a group of learners that certain content explored or discussed in a learning environment may contain potentially distressing material. Extant research highlights a relationship between traumatization and trigger warnings; however, the extent to which trigger warnings constitute a method of best practice for reducing traumatization in higher education has not been addressed. Thus, a systematic literature review was conducted to explore this relationship. A search conducted across academic databases to locate peer-reviewed articles published between November 2010 and November 2020, combined three areas of interest: (1) “trigger warnings,” (2) “best practice,” and (3) “higher education.” Database searches and further manual searches yielded a total of 194 journal articles. Of these, 20 studies satisfied all inclusion criteria. Following the data extraction process, thematic analysis was employed to identify, analyze, and report patterns within data. The key themes identified through the review include trigger warnings as inclusive practice, as part of trauma-informed pedagogy, as ineffectual practice, and as harmful practice. The evidence suggests that when embedded as part of a broader, holistic, and trauma-informed approach, trigger warnings can be a valuable tool for assisting with the effective reduction of traumatization in the higher education context.