bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrashort XUV pulse absorption spectroscopy of partially oxidized cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: Schiffmann Alexander , Toulson Benjamin W. , Knez Daniel , Messner Roman , Schnedlitz Martin , Lasserus Maximilian , Hofer Ferdinand , Ernst Wolfgang E. , Gessner Oliver , Lackner Florian
Published: May 2020

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) based transient extreme ultraviolet (XUV) absorption spectroscopy is an emerging technique to trace photoinduced charge carrier dynamics in condensed phase materials with femtosecond and even attosecond temporal resolution and elemental specificity. However, its application to nanoparticulate samples that are relevant, for example, for novel photocatalytic light harvesting concepts, has been limited. This is in part due to the challenge to produce residual-free samples on ultrathin, XUV-transparent substrates as well as a widespread understanding that sparsely distributed nanoparticles do not provide sufficient contrast for XUV absorption measurements. Here, we present static XUV absorption spectra of partially oxidized Co nanowire-structures with diameters of approximately 4.5 nm and lengths between 10 and 40 nm, recorded with an ultrashort pulse HHG light source. Nanoparticles are synthesized by the agglomeration of Co atoms inside superfluid helium droplets, followed by surface deposition and oxidation in ambient air. The method is uniquely suited for residual-free synthesis of transition metal nanowires and their deposition on ultrathin substrates. Analysis by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals the formation of CoO nanowires with regions of unoxidized Co in their interior. The nanoparticle samples are investigated in an HHG-driven ultrafast XUV absorption setup. Despite the low surface coverage of only 23%, the recorded spectrum exhibits a distinct absorption feature at the Co M2,3(2p) edge near 60 eV with a peak height of about 40 mOD. The results support the feasibility of table-top ultrafast transient XUV absorption studies of photoinduced dynamics in transition metal oxide nanoparticles with sub-monolayer surface coverage.
An unrestricted approach for the accurate calculation of the interaction potentials of open-shell monomers: The case of O2–O2
Authors: Valentín-Rodríguez Mónica A. , Bartolomei Massimiliano , Hernández Marta I. , Campos-Martínez José , Hernández-Lamoneda Ramón
Published: May 2020

The properties of molecular oxygen including its condensed phases continue to be of great relevance for the scientific community. The richness and complexity of its associated properties stem from the fact that it is a very stable diradical. Its open-shell nature leads to low-lying multiplets with total electronic spin S = 0, 1, 2 in the case of the dimer, (O2)2, and the accurate calculation of the intermolecular potentials represents a challenge to ab initio electronic structure methods. In this work, we present intermolecular potentials calculated at a very high level, thus competing with the most accurate restricted potentials obtained to date. This is accomplished by drawing on an analogy between the coupled and uncoupled representations of angular momentum and restricted vs unrestricted methodologies. The S = 2 state can be well represented by unrestricted calculations in which the spins of the unpaired electrons are aligned in parallel; however, for the state where they are aligned in antiparallel fashion, it would seem that the total spin is not well defined, i.e., the well-known spin contamination problem. We show that its energy corresponds to that of the S = 1 state and perform unrestricted coupled cluster calculations for these two states. Then, we obtain the S = 0 state through the Heisenberg Hamiltonian and show that this is very reliable in the well region of the potentials. We make extensive comparisons with the best restricted potentials [Bartolomei et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10(35), 5374–5380 (2008)] and with reliable experimental determinations, and a very good agreement is globally found.
RuVO2 alloy epitaxial films: Lowered insulator–metal transition temperature and retained modulation capacity
Authors: Lu Hao , Chen Lufeng , Cao RuiQi , Tao Xin , Wang Xinru , Li Mingkai , Li Pai , Lu Yinmei , Klar Peter J. , He Yunbin
Published: May 2020

Alloying VO2 by Ru incorporation (RuxV1−xO2) should decrease the insulator–metal-transition (IMT) temperature due to the unique semi-metallic properties of RuO2. We deposit high-quality RuxV1−xO2 thin films by pulsed laser deposition on (0001) sapphire substrates. We investigate the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the RuxV1−xO2 alloy films using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis–NIR spectrophotometry, and four-point-probe resistivity measurements. Our results confirm that Ru alloying of VO2 reduces effectively the IMT temperature while retaining the IMT characteristics of the material.
Comparative study on electrochemical charge storage behavior of FeCo2S4 electrodes with different dimensional nanostructures
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhang Xin , Wang Weiguo , Bai Tian , Chen Xing , Ye Meidan
Published: May 2020

The deep understanding of the electrochemical behavior of active materials is essential for the design of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices. Herein, nanostructured FeCo2S4 electrodes with different dimensional morphologies [i.e., one dimensional nanoneedles (1D FeCo2S4), two dimensional nanosheets (2D FeCo2S4), and three dimensional structures consisting of nanosheets grafting on nanoneedles (3D FeCo2S4)] were in situ grown on carbon cloth via a robust hydrothermal strategy. Subsequently, the electrochemical charge storage behavior of such three FeCo2S4 electrodes was carefully investigated and analyzed through several electrochemical methods. It was revealed that the 3D FeCo2S4 electrode exhibited a considerable higher specific capacity (92.88 mAh g−1) as compared with 1D (58.42 mAh g−1) and 2D (26.00 mAh g−1) electrodes at a current density of 1 A g−1, which was mainly due to the superior charge transport characteristic from the rational combination between 1D and 2D units. Additionally, the 3D FeCo2S4 electrode indicated great stability in the cycling tests (∼82% capacity retention after 11200 cycles at 5 A g−1). Moreover, the quantitative calculation of the capacitive and diffusion-controlled contribution of three electrodes was performed to deep distinguish their electrochemical behavior based on different architectures. Thus, the design of 3D nanostructured electrodes will be an effective strategy to exploit high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.
Advanced characterization of multicaloric materials in pulsed magnetic fields
Authors: Gottschall T. , Bykov E. , Gràcia-Condal A. , Beckmann B. , Taubel A. , Pfeuffer L. , Gutfleisch O. , Mañosa Ll. , Planes A. , Skourski Y. , Wosnitza J.
Published: May 2020

The multicaloric effect is described by a temperature or entropy change of a material triggered by external stimuli applied or removed simultaneously or sequentially. The prerequisite for this is a material exhibiting multiple ferroic states. However, direct measurements of the effect are rarely reported. Now, for this reason, we built a measurement device allowing to determine the adiabatic temperature change in pulsed magnetic fields and, simultaneously, under the influence of a uniaxial load. We selected the all-d-metal Heusler alloy Ni–Mn–Ti–Co for our first test because of its enhanced mechanical properties and enormous magneto- and elastocaloric effects. Ni–Mn–Ti–Co was exposed to pulsed magnetic fields up to 10 T and uniaxial stresses up to 80 MPa, and the corresponding adiabatic temperature changes were measured. With our new experimental tool, we are able to better understand multicaloric materials and determine their cross-coupling responses to different stimuli.
Manipulation of the zero-damping conditions and unidirectional invisibility in cavity magnonics
Authors: Qian J. , Rao J. W. , Gui Y. S. , Wang Y. P. , An Z. H. , Hu C.-M.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we report a cavity magnonic system consisting of a split-ring resonator coupled with a yttrium iron garnet sphere, in which both coherent and dissipative coupling strengths can be tuned continuously, thereby making the zero damping conditions (ZDCs) controllable in a frequency range up to 100 MHz. Unidirectional invisibility has been observed under the ZDCs, with the microwaves freely transmitted in the forward direction (−2.9 dB) but almost completely blocked in the backward direction (−83 dB). The effective isolation ratio reaches up to 80 dB, which has surpassed the ideal isolation ratio limited by the state-of-the-art technique, and its direction is reversible by the orientation of the external static magnetic field. As an unconventional nonreciprocal device with flexibility and sensitivity, our magnonic device may open a promising way for robust coherent and quantum information processing.
Solution-processed amorphous Ga2O3:CdO TFT-type deep-UV photodetectors
Authors: Xiao Xi , Liang Lingyan , Pei Yu , Yu Jiahuan , Duan Hongxiao , Chang Ting-Chang , Cao Hongtao
Published: May 2020

Amorphous Ga2O3:CdO thin films and their thin-film transistor (TFT) photodetectors were fabricated via a simple and low-cost spin-coating method. The film optical bandgap and TFT electrical parameters can be effectively regulated via changing the Cd content. The optimized Ga2O3:CdO TFT photodetector exhibited a responsivity of 2.17 A/W and a high UV/vis. rejection of 1.88 × 104 under 260 nm at small working biases, which are comparable or even superior to the recently reported results. Systematic comparison between metal-semiconductor-metal- and TFT-type photodetectors further confirmed that our TFT photodetectors had superior detective performance and lower electrical power consumption.
Frequent general practitioner visits are protective against statin discontinuation after a Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme copayment increase
Authors: Seaman Karla L. , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Bulsara Max K. , Brett Tom , Kemp-Casey Anna , Roughead Elizabeth E. , Bulsara Caroline , Preen David B.
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study assessed the effect of the frequency of general practitioner (GP) visitation in the 12 months before a 21% consumer copayment increase in the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS; January 2005) on the reduction or discontinuation of statin dispensing for tertiary prevention.
MethodsThe study used routinely collected, whole-population linked PBS, Medicare, mortality and hospital data from Western Australia. From 2004 to 2005, individuals were classified as having discontinued, reduced or continued their use of statins in the first six months of 2005 following the 21% consumer copayment increase on 1 January 2005. The frequency of GP visits was calculated in 2004 from Medicare data. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between GP visits and statin use following the copayment increase.
ResultsIn December 2004, there were 22495 stable statin users for tertiary prevention of prior coronary heart disease, prior stroke or prior coronary artery revascularisation procedure. Following the copayment increase, patients either discontinued (3%), reduced (12%) or continued (85%) their statins. Individuals who visited a GP three or more times in 2004 were 47% less likely to discontinue their statins in 2005 than people attending only once. Subgroup analysis showed the effect was apparent in men, and long-term or new statin users. The frequency of GP visits did not affect the proportion of patients reducing their statin therapy.
ConclusionsPatients who visited their GP at least three times per year had a lower risk of ceasing their statins in the year following the copayment increase. GPs can help patients maintain treatment following rises in medicines costs.
What is known about the topic?Following the 21% increase in medication copayment in 2005, individuals discontinued or reduced their statin usage, including for tertiary prevention.
What does this paper add?Patients who visited their GP at least three times per year were less likely to discontinue their statin therapy for tertiary prevention following a large copayment increase.
What are the implications for practitioners?This paper identifies the important role that GPs have in maintaining the continued use of important medications following rises in medicines costs.
A corpus study of outgrouping in Greek radical right computer-mediated discourses
Authors: Saridakis Ioannis E. , Mouka Effie
Published: May 2020

This paper reports on a large-scale study on how “enemies” are linguistically constructed by Greece’s radical right. The research combines corpus linguistics approaches and insights from critical discourse analysis, with the aim of analysing the referential/nomination and predication strategies used to delineate “others” as outgroups. Drawing on a 90 million-word corpus comprising the full set of texts from 13 radical right web-based platforms from 2001 to 2019, the research identifies and statistically classifies principal designators and qualifiers. By closely examining their diachronic variations and correlation with significant sociopolitical events, we critically categorise and discuss the empirical findings and thus unveil topics, as well as aspects of the argumentation, pooled by Greece’s radical right in their discursive constructions.
Cross-section, vector and tensor analyzing powers of the 6Li + 12C elastic scattering at 30 and 50 MeV: a non-monotonic potential description
Authors: Nilima A , Hossain S , Azad M M B , Billah M M , Tariq A S B , Basak A K
Published: May 2020

This work reports, for the first time, the analysis of tensor analyzing powers (T
20, T
21, T
22) along with the differential cross-section (CS) and the vector analyzing power iT
11 for the 6Li + 12C elastic scattering at 30 and 50 MeV within the framework of an optical model (OM) using microscopic shallow non-monotonic (NM) potentials. The NM potential is generated from the energy density functional formalism (EDF) (Brueckner et al (1968) Phys. Rev.
168 1184) using a realistic two-nucleon interaction incorporating the Pauli exclusion principle. The shallow NM potential can describe the experimental angular distributions of CS and analyzing powers of the elastic scattering data. The OM analysis of the data at 30 and 50 MeV does not indicate their sensitivity on the nuclear matter incompressibility K.
Comprehensive characterization of ExacTrac stereoscopic image guidance system using Monte Carlo and Spektr simulations
Authors: Darvish-Molla Sahar , Spurway Alan , Sattarivand Mike
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this work is to develop accurate computational methods to comprehensively characterize and model the clinical ExacTrac imaging system, which is used as an image guidance system for stereotactic treatment applications.

The Spektr toolkit was utilized to simulate the spectral and imaging characterization of the system. Since Spektr only simulates the primary beam (ignoring scatter), a full model of ExacTrac was also developed in Monte Carlo (MC) to characterize the imaging system. To ensure proper performance of both simulation models, Spektr and MC data were compared to the measured spectral and half value layers (HVLs) values.

To validate the simulation results, x-ray spectra of the ExacTrac system were measured for various tube potentials using a CdTe spectrometer with multiple added narrow collimators. The raw spectra were calibrated using a 57Co source and corrected for the escape peaks and detector efficiency. HVLs in mm of Al for various energies were measured using a calibrated RaySafe detector. Spektr and MC HVLs were calculated and compared to the measured values. The patient surface dose was calculated for different clinical imaging protocols from the measured air kerma and HVL values following the TG-61 methodology. The x-ray focal spot was measured by slanted edge technique using gafchromic films. ExacTrac imaging system beam profiles were simulated for various energies by MC simulation and the results were benchmarked by experimentally acquired beam profiles using gafchromic films. The effect of 6D IGRT treatment couch on beam hardening, dynamic range of the flat panel detector and scatter effect were determined using both Spektr simulation and experimental measurements.

The measured and simulated spectra (of both MC and Spektr) for various kVps were compared and agreed within acceptable error. As another validation, the measured HVLs agreed with the Spektr and MC simulated HVLs on average within 1.0% for all kVps. The maximum and minimum patient surface doses were found to be 1.06 mGy for shoulder (high) and 0.051 mGy for cranial (low) imaging protocols, respectively. The MC simulated beam profiles were well matched with experimental results and replicated the penumbral slopes, the heel effect, and out-of-field regions. Dynamic range of detector (in terms of air kerma at detector surface) was found to be in the range of [6.1 × 10−6, 5.3 × 10−3] mGy.

Accurate MC and Spektr models of the ExacTrac image guidance system were successfully developed and benchmarked via experimental validation. While patient surface dose for available imaging protocols were reported in this study, the established MC model may be used to obtain 3D imaging dose distribution for real patient geometries.
Evidence of vortices and mixed-state superconductivity in phosphorus-doped graphene. Part I (Nernst)
Authors: Sornkhampan Nalat , Gil-Pinzon Julian , Ponce-Zuniga Justin , Woods Amber , Vlasov Yuriy , Larkins Grover
Published: May 2020

We have observed phenomena in phosphorus-doped graphene films consistent with mixed-state superconductivity at temperatures as high as 260 K. This evidence includes transport, susceptibility and Nernst/Hall measurements as a function of the thermal gradient. This paper presents evidence of vortices and flux flow in the mixed state of phosphorus-doped graphene samples in the form of well-defined Nernst peaks being measurable up to 260 K.
Defect order in active nematics on a curved surface
Authors: Pearce D J G
Published: May 2020

We investigate the effects of extrinsic curvature on the turbulent behavior of a 2D active nematic confined to the surface of a cylinder. The surface of a cylinder has no intrinsic curvature and only extrinsic curvature. A nematic field reacts to the extrinsic curvature by trying to align with the lowest principle curvature, in this case parallel to the long axis of the cylinder. When nematics are sufficiently active, there is a proliferation of defects arising from a bend or splay instability depending on the nature of the active stress. The extrinsic curvature of the cylinder breaks the rotational symmetry of this process, implying that defects are created parallel or perpendicular to the cylinder depending on whether the active nematic is contractile or extensile.
Realization of quantized anomalous Hall effect by inserting CrI3 layer in Bi2Se3 film
Authors: Chen Li , Shi Changmin , Jiang Chuan , Liu Hongmei , Cui Guangliang , Wang Dongchao , Li Xiaolong , Gao Kefu , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: May 2020

It is challenging to realize the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) at high operating temperatures using the two-dimensional (2D) Dirac surface states of three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs). Given the small non-trivial gap induced by adsorbing ferromagnetic (FM) CrI3 monolayer (ML) on the surface of Bi2Se3 films, we here propose another TI and FM semiconductor interfaced system to enhance the gap by inserting CrI3 ML between the first top (bottom) quintuple layers (QL) and sub-top (sub-bottom) QL of Bi2Se3 films symmetrically. The 2D non-trivial phase emerges in the Bi2Se3 films with five or more QLs and the gap is enlarged to 30 meV in 1QL-Bi2Se3/CrI3/4QL-Bi2Se3/CrI3/1QL-Bi2Se3, which can be understood by the enhanced magnetic proximity effect. The topological non-triviality is confirmed by the nonzero Chern number and the existence of chiral edge state. Our finding will provide useful guidance to optimize the Bi2Se3–CrI3 interface system for realizing QAHE at relatively high operating temperatures.
High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of oxygen adsorbed Fe/MgO(001)*
Authors: Zheng Mingtian , Schwier Eike F. , Iwasawa Hideaki , Shimada Kenya
Published: May 2020

We have investigated the electronic states of clean Fe(001) and oxygen adsorbed Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)-O films epitaxially grown on MgO(001) substrates by means of polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and extensive density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed Fermi surfaces and band dispersions of pure Fe near the Fermi level were modified upon oxygen adsorption. By the detailed comparison of ARPES and DFT results of the oxygen adsorbed Fe surface, we have clarified the orbital-dependent p–d hybridization in the topmost and second Fe layers. Furthermore, the observed energy levels and Fermi wave numbers for the oxygen adsorbed Fe surface were deviated from the DFT calculations depending on the orbital characters and momentum directions, indicating an anisotropic interplay of the electron correlation and p–d hybridization effects in the surface region.
Frequency and duration of low-wind-power events in Germany
Authors: Ohlendorf Nils , Schill Wolf-Peter
Published: May 2020

In the transition to a renewable energy system, the occurrence of low-wind-power events receives increasing attention. We analyze the frequency and duration of such events for onshore wind power in Germany, based on 40 years of reanalysis data and open software. We find that low-wind-power events are less frequent in winter than in summer, but the maximum duration is distributed more evenly between months. While short events are frequent, very long events are much rarer. Every year, a period of around five consecutive days with an average wind capacity factor below 10% occurs, and every ten years a respective period of nearly eight days. These durations decrease if only winter months are considered. The longest event in the data lasts nearly ten days. We conclude that public concerns about low-wind-power events in winter may be overrated, but recommend that modeling studies consider multiple weather years to properly account for such events.
Brownian motion in trapping enclosures: steep potential wells, bistable wells and false bistability of induced Feynman–Kac (well) potentials
Authors: Garbaczewski Piotr , Żaba Mariusz
Published: May 2020

We investigate signatures of convergence for a sequence of diffusion processes on a line, in conservative force fields stemming from superharmonic potentials U(x) ∼ x

m
, m = 2n ⩾ 2. This is paralleled by a transformation of each mth diffusion generator L = DΔ + b(x)∇, and likewise the related Fokker–Planck operator L* = DΔ − ∇[b(x) ⋅], into the affiliated Schrödinger one

Ĥ
=
−
D
Δ
+
V

(

x

)

. Upon a proper adjustment of operator domains, the dynamics is set by semigroups exp(tL), exp(tL*) and exp(−tĤ), with t ⩾ 0. The Feynman–Kac integral kernel of exp(−tĤ) is the major building block of the relaxation process transition probability density, from which L and L* actually follow. The spectral ‘closeness’ of the pertinent Ĥ and the Neumann Laplacian

−

Δ

N

in the interval is analyzed for m even and large. As a byproduct of the discussion, we give a detailed description of an analogous affinity, in terms of the m-family of operators Ĥ with a priori chosen

V

(

x

)

∼

x

m

, when Ĥ becomes spectrally ‘close’ to the Dirichlet Laplacian

−

Δ

D

for large m. For completness, a somewhat puzzling issue of the absence of negative eigenvalues for Ĥ with a bistable-looking potential

V

(

x

)

=
a

x

2
m
−
2

−
b

x

m
−
2

,

a
,
b
,
>
0
,

m
>
2

has been addressed.
Ballistic space-time correlators of the classical toda lattice
Authors: Spohn Herbert
Published: May 2020

The Toda lattice is an integrable system and its natural space-time stationary states are the generalized Gibbs ensembles (GGE). Of particular physical interest are then the space-time correlations of the conserved fields. To leading order they scale ballistically. We report on the exact solution of the respective generalized hydrodynamic equations linearized around a GGE as background state. Thereby we obtain a concise formula for the family of scaling functions.
Infrared Thermally Enhanced 3-Dimensional Time of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography Imaging for the Visualization of the Arteries of the Face
Authors: Hendrickx Benoit , Waked Karl , Mespreuve Marc
Published: May 2020

Background

The face is known for its extreme variation in vascular anatomy. Furthermore, the rapidly increasing number of filler treatments leads to an increase in severe filler-associated complications (such as skin necrosis and blindness) due to intra-arterial injection. Visualizing a patient’s individual complete facial arterial anatomy in a contrast- and radiation-free way has not been published before. This innovative imaging technique could, therefore, enhance the safety of minimally invasive surgical procedures as it provides a harmless way to map the arteries of the face.

Objectives

Evaluate a newly developed imaging technique to visualize the arteries of the face in a noninvasive and radiation-free manner.

Methods

The individual arterial facial anatomy of 20 volunteers was studied by an imaging technique, combining infrared (IR) facial warming and 3-dimensional (3D) time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The source and maximum intensity projection images were assessed by 2 investigators, familiar with the anatomy of the face.

Results

The MRA technique visualized most of the main facial arteries, albeit in a variable way. The main facial branches of the external carotid artery (facial, angular, supralabial, and superficial temporal arteries) were illustrated well, whereas the visualization of the internal carotid branches (supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries) and nasal branches (dorsal nasal and lateral nasal arteries) was less consistent.

Conclusions

The combination of IR “heat-induced enhancement” and a 3D-TOF MRA sequence may actually be an important step toward the visualization of the variable facial vascular anatomy in a noninvasive, radiation-free, and contrast-free manner.
Semiparametric estimation of generalized transformation panel data models with nonstationary error
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Songnian
Published: May 2020

Early studies of the generalized transformation panel data model resorted to the identical marginal distribution of the error term over time. This stationarity condition is restrictive for many applications, especially as the number of time periods increases. This paper considers nonstationary censored generalized transformation panel data models where the idiosyncratic error has an unknown nonseparable form and admits a flexible relationship between the observable and the unobservable. We propose an estimation method, and establish the consistency and asymptotic normality for the proposed estimator. Simulation results illustrate the good performance of our estimator in a finite sample. We apply the proposed method to bilateral trade issues of the U.S.A. and foreign countries.
Development of a guideline for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with the ADAPTE method
Authors: Hurtado María M , Nogueras Eva V , Cantero Nazaret , Gálvez Luis , García-Herrera José M , Morales-Asencio José M
Published: May 2020

Objective

The aim was to develop a clinical guideline for managing generalised anxiety disorder in Primary Health Care and Mental Health, using guideline adaptation methods.

Design

A clinical guideline was developed, following the methods of the ADAPTE group, and implemented in a Primary Health Care District and in Mental Health Services in Spain.

Setting

Regional University Hospital of Málaga and District of Primary Health Care Málaga-Guadalhorce (Spain).

Participants

The participants were family physicians, psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. The phases of the process included definition of clinical scenarios, literature search and guidelines appraisal, elaboration of recommendations, conducting focus groups with users diagnosed with generalised anxiety disorder, linking the testimonials of users with recommendations, external review and implementation by multifaceted interventions.

Results

The final release included 49 Recommendations, of which 47 are from the 2011 NICE guidance for GAD and 2 of the 2011 NICE guideline for common mental disorder. Finally, seven recommendations needed to be adapted to the Spanish health care context, and three recommendations were excluded.

Conclusions

A guideline aimed to improve the quality and effectiveness of the care provided to people with generalised anxiety disorder has been released. The use of adaptation methods has simplified the use of resources and time. This guideline and the process designed for its implementation constitute a suitable collection of resources for the improvement on detection and treatment of GAD in primary health care. Adaptation methods play a key role in the knowledge translation continuum.
Viscoacoustic least-squares migration with a blockwise Hessian matrix: an effective Q approach
Authors: Song Mingpeng , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhang Jiangjie
Published: May 2020

We present an explicit inverse approach using a Hessian matrix for least-squares migration (LSM) with Q compensation. The scheme is developed by incorporating an effective Q-based solution of the viscoacoustic wave equation into a blockwise approximation to the Hessian in LSM, which is implemented after the so-called deabsorption prestack time migration (PSTM). The effective Q model used fully accounts for frequency-dependent traveltime and amplitude at the same imaging location. We can extract the effective Q parameters by scanning during previous deabsorption PSTM. This avoids the challenging task of building the Q model. The blockwise Hessian matrix approach decomposes the full Hessian matrix into a series of computationally tractable small-sized matrices using a localised approach. We derive the explicit formula of the offset-dependent Hessian matrix using an analytical Green's function obtained from deabsorption PSTM. In this way, we can approximate a reflectivity imaging for the targeted zone by a spatial deconvolution of the migrated result with an explicit inverse. The resulting scheme broadens the frequency-band of imaging by deabsorption, and improves the subsurface illumination and spatial resolution through the inverse Hessian. A high-resolution, true-amplitude migrated gather can then be obtained. Synthetic and field data sets demonstrate the proposed blockwise LS-QPSTM.
Discovery of a pulsar wind nebula around B0950 + 08 with the ELWA
Authors: Ruan D , Taylor G B , Dowell J , Stovall K , Schinzel F K , Demorest P B
Published: May 2020

With the Expanded Long Wavelength Array and pulsar binning techniques, we searched for off-pulse emission from PSR B0950 + 08 at 76 MHz. Previous studies suggest that off-pulse emission can be due to pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) in younger pulsars. Other studies, such as that done by Basu et al., propose that in older pulsars this emission extends to some radius that is on the order of the light cylinder radius, and is magnetospheric in origin. Through imaging analysis, we conclude that this older pulsar with a spin-down age of 17 Myr has a surrounding PWN, which is unexpected since as a pulsar ages its PWN spectrum is thought to shift from being synchrotron to inverse Compton scattering dominated. At 76 MHz, the average flux density of the off-pulse emission is 0.59 ± 0.16 Jy. The off-pulse emission from B0950+08 is ∼ 110 ± 17 arcsec (0.14 ± 0.02 pc) in size, extending well beyond the light cylinder diameter and ruling out a magnetospheric origin. Using data from our observation and the surveys VLSSr, TGSS, NVSS, FIRST, and VLASS, we have found that the spectral index for B0950 + 08 is about −1.36 ± 0.20, while the PWN’s spectral index is steeper than −1.85 ± 0.45.
Cranial irradiation induces axon initial segment dysfunction and neuronal injury in the prefrontal cortex and impairs hippocampal coupling
Authors: Zhang Die , Zhou Wei , Lam Thanh Thai , Li Yan , Duman Joseph G , Dougherty Patrick M , Grosshans David R
Published: May 2020

Background

Radiation therapy for brain tumors commonly induces cognitive dysfunction. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for a diverse array of cognitive processes, however, its role in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is unknown. We previously found that cranial irradiation impairs neuroplasticity along the hippocampal–PFC pathway. Herein, we hypothesized that brain irradiation directly affects the firing properties of PFC neurons, contributing to deficits in neuronal functions.

Methods

In vivo recordings were used to monitor the firing activities of PFC neurons and local field potentials in both PFC and hippocampal CA1/subicular regions after cranial irradiation of Sprague Dawley rats. We further assessed the impacts of irradiation on axon initial segments (AISs) with immunofluorescence assays of PFC slices.

Results

We found that PFC neurons exhibited increased excitation 3 days after radiation and the timing of increased excitation coincided with elongation of the AIS. At 2 weeks, excitation levels returned to nearly normal levels however the population of spontaneously firing neurons decreased. While the number of NeuN-positive neurons in the PFC was not different, persistent neuronal injury, manifested as ATF-3 staining, was present at 2 weeks. Radiation also disrupted communication along the hippocampal–PFC pathway, with elongation of the phase lag between regions. Analysis of paired-pulse ratios suggested that this was secondary to presynaptic dysfunction.

Conclusions

Cranial irradiation excited and injured surviving PFC neurons and was associated with a partial block of PFC’s functional coupling to the hippocampus. These deficits in the PFC may contribute to radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
IgG response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis non-polar lipids and sonicated extracts among tuberculous meningitis patients
Authors: Giribhattanavar Prashant , Pirson Chris , Kumar Kavitha , Al-Qahtani Manaf , Shankar Ravi , Chandrashekar Nagarathna , Patil Shripad
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a major global health concern due to its protean nature. There is a need to identify better biomarkers for the rapid and definitive diagnosis of TBM. Lipids have been poorly explored as diagnostic markers in TBM.

Aim. Non-polar lipids (NPL) and mycobacterial sonicate extract (MTSE) antigens were assessed for diagnosis of

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

.

Methodology. A total of 110 cerebrospinal fluid samples were categorized as confirmed, suspected and non-TBM cases according to clinical presentation and laboratory investigations, which were further analysed by NPL and MTSE ELISA.

Results. The sensitivity and specificity of the NPL ELISA were 39.6 and 96 %, respectively, whereas the MTSE ELISA was 17 % sensitive and 92 % specific. The combination of the NPL and MTSE ELISA test was superior to these tests alone, with sensitivity and specificity of 43 and 88 %, respectively.

Conclusion. This combination may be useful as an adjunct in the laboratory diagnosis of TBM. However, future studies in different settings among different populations, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, are desirable to explore the full potential of biomarkers.
Genome analysis-based reclassification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae and Pseudomonas shirazica as later heterotypic synonyms of Pseudomonas asplenii and Pseudomonas asiatica, respectively
Authors: Tohya Mari , Watanabe Shin , Tada Tatsuya , Tin Htay Htay , Kirikae Teruo
Published: May 2020

This study was conducted to clarify the taxonomic status of the species

Pseudomonas fuscovaginae

and

Pseudomonas shirazica

. Whole genome sequences for the type strains of

P. fuscovaginae

and

P. shirazica

were compared against the closely related type strains of the

Pseudomonas putida

group and the

Pseudomonas fluorescens

group species. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between

P. fuscovaginae

LMG 2158T and

Pseudomonas asplenii

ATCC 23835T were 98.4 and 85.5 %, and between

P. shirazica

VM14T and

Pseudomonas asiatica

RYU5T were 99.3 and 95.3 %. These values were greater than recognized thresholds for bacterial species delineation, indicating that they belong to the same genomospecies, respectively. Therefore,

P. fuscovaginae

and

P. shirazica

should be reclassified as later heterotypic synonyms of

P. asplenii

and

P. asiatica

, respectively.
Further guidelines for the formation of compound specific and subspecific epithets. A proposal to emend Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
Authors: Oren Aharon , Schink Bernhard
Published: May 2020

We propose emending section A(1)(b) of Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes with further guidelines for the formation of compound specific or subspecific epithets based on localities and epithets based on binomial names of plants or animals.
Marinicella rhabdoformis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
Authors: Zhong Yan-lin , Sun Xun-Ke , Hui Jian-Gang , Teng Hui-ling , Du Zong-Jun
Published: May 2020

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 3539T, was isolated from coastal sediment of Weihai, PR China. Optimal growth occurred at 28 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and in the presence of 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 3539T formed a robust clade with members of the genus

Marinicella

and was closely related to

Marinicella litoralis

JCM 16154T,

Marinicella sediminis

F2T and

Marinicella pacifica

sw153T with 97.7, 96.2 and 95.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. The average amino acid identity, percentage of conserved proteins, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 3539T and

M. litoralis

JCM 16154T were 64.9, 68.3, 72.8 and 18.9 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 3539T was 42.0 mol%. The dominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
 ω7c/C16 : 1
 ω6c). The polar lipids of strain 3539T consisted of phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified lipid and three unidentified phospholipids. Based on the combination of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 3539T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus

Marinicella

in he family

Alcanivoracaceae

, for which the name Marinicella rhabdoformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the new species is 3539T (=KCTC 72414T=MCCC 1H00388T).
An emended description of Arcobacter anaerophilus Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2013: genomic and phenotypic insights
Authors: On Stephen L. W. , Miller William G. , Kelly David J. , Vandamme Peter
Published: May 2020

Arcobacter anaerophilus

was originally described as the first obligate anaerobe in this genus by Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2013. The complete genome sequence of the type strain of this species was determined and analysed. Genes characteristic for organisms capable of aerobic growth were identified, and the ability of the organism to grow under microaerobic and aerobic conditions was confirmed in two independent laboratories. The description of

A. anaerophilus

is thus emended and the wider ramifications of these findings are discussed.
Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis
Authors: Edwards Arwyn , Cameron Karen A. , Cook Joseph M. , Debbonaire Aliyah R. , Furness Eleanor , Hay Melanie C. , Rassner Sara M.E.
Published: May 2020

The Arctic is warming – fast. Microbes in the Arctic play pivotal roles in feedbacks that magnify the impacts of Arctic change. Understanding the genome evolution, diversity and dynamics of Arctic microbes can provide insights relevant for both fundamental microbiology and interdisciplinary Arctic science. Within this synthesis, we highlight four key areas where genomic insights to the microbial dimensions of Arctic change are urgently required: the changing Arctic Ocean, greenhouse gas release from the thawing permafrost, 'biological darkening' of glacial surfaces, and human activities within the Arctic. Furthermore, we identify four principal challenges that provide opportunities for timely innovation in Arctic microbial genomics. These range from insufficient genomic data to develop unifying concepts or model organisms for Arctic microbiology to challenges in gaining authentic insights to the structure and function of low-biomass microbiota and integration of data on the causes and consequences of microbial feedbacks across scales. We contend that our insights to date on the genomics of Arctic microbes are limited in these key areas, and we identify priorities and new ways of working to help ensure microbial genomics is in the vanguard of the scientific response to the Arctic crisis.
How many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the US if its interventions were as effective as those in China and South Korea?
Authors: Liu Kai , Song Yukun , Li Menghui , Shen Zhesi , Wang Ming , Wu Jinshan
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 [1] pandemic has forced governments to take measures to contain the spread of the disease [2]; however, the effects have varied significantly from one country to another contingent on governments’ responses. Countries that have flattened their coronavirus curves prove that interventions can bring COVID-19 under control. These achievements hold lessons, such as the strict social distancing and coordinated efforts of all government levels in China and massive testing in South Korea, for other countries battling the coronavirus around the world. In this work, we attempt to estimate how many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the United States (US) when compared with the US’s actual number of cases assuming that on a certain date, the US took China-like or South Korea-like interventions and that these interventions would have been as effective in the US as in China and South Korea. We found that if that date was at the early stage of the outbreak (March 10), more than 99% (1.15 million) fewer infected cases could be expected by the end of the epidemic. This number decreases to 66.03% and 73.06% fewer infected cases with the China-like scenario and the South Korea-like scenario, respectively, if actions were taken on April 1, highlighting the need to respond quickly and effectively to fight the virus. Furthermore, we found that although interventions in both China and South Korea allowed the COVID-19 outbreak to be managed, the epidemic could still oscillate without strict large-scale ‘lockdown’ measures, as shown in South Korea. Our results demonstrate that early effective interventions can save considerably more people from infection and provide a worldwide alert regard the need for swift response.
YouTube as an information source during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: Evaluation of the Turkish and English content
Authors: Ataç Ömer , Özalp Yunus Can , Kurnaz Rifat , Güler Osman Murat , İnamlık Melikşah , Hayran Osman
Published: May 2020

Bakcground

YouTube is an important online source of information. And its viewing numbers tend to increase exponentially in extraordinary situations. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the contents of the most frequently viewed YouTube videos during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In this study, contents of the most frequently viewed Turkish and English videos regarding COVID-19 pandemics are examined and scored with modified DISCERN, MICI and VPI.

Results

The mean DISCERN score of Turkish videos is similar to English videos (2.55±1.40 and 2.43±1.25 respectively). Total MICI score tends to be higher in Turkish videos. 86.9% of all 168 videos and 65.2% of all 23 misleading videos were released by news channels. Average view counts, view ratios, and VPIs of misleading videos are higher than the useful videos.

Discussion

Since there is not a peer-review system on YouTube, it is very important for the content of videos that are released through news channels to be accurate because the important messages can be spread among people in society through them. Especially some Turkish videos included many different rumors and faulty statements. During the extraordinary situations such as the pandemics, the videos of official health authorities and international institutions should be more visible in YouTube.
Disparity sensitivity and binocular integration in mouse visual cortex areas
Authors: La Chioma Alessandro , Bonhoeffer Tobias , Hübener Mark
Published: May 2020

Binocular disparity, the difference between the two eyes’ images, is a powerful cue to generate the three-dimensional depth percept known as stereopsis. In primates, binocular disparity is processed in multiple areas of the visual cortex, with distinct contributions of higher areas to specific aspects of depth perception. Mice, too, can perceive stereoscopic depth, and neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) and higher-order, lateromedial (LM) and rostrolateral (RL) areas were found to be sensitive to binocular disparity. A detailed characterization of disparity tuning properties across mouse visual areas is lacking, however, and acquiring such data might help clarifying the role of higher areas for disparity processing and establishing putative functional correspondences to primate areas. We used two-photon calcium imaging to characterize the disparity tuning properties of neurons in mouse visual areas V1, LM, and RL in response to dichoptically presented binocular gratings, as well as correlated and anticorrelated random dot stereograms (RDS). In all three areas, many neurons were tuned to disparity, showing strong response facilitation or suppression at optimal or null disparity, respectively. This was even the case in neurons classified as monocular by conventional ocular dominance measurements. Spatial clustering of similarly tuned neurons was observed at a scale of about 10 μm. Finally, we probed neurons’ sensitivity to true stereo correspondence by comparing responses to correlated and anticorrelated RDS. Area LM, akin to primate ventral visual stream areas, showed higher selectivity for correlated stimuli and reduced anticorrelated responses, indicating higher-level disparity processing in LM compared to V1 and RL.
Ray tracing models for estimating light collection properties of microstructured tapered optical fibers for optical neural interfaces
Authors: Maglie Emanuela , Pisanello Marco , Pisano Filippo , Balena Antonio , Bianco Marco , Spagnolo Barbara , Sileo Leonardo , Sabatini Bernardo L. , De Vittorio Massimo , Pisanello Ferruccio
Published: May 2020

Tapered optical fibers (TFs) were recently employed for depth-resolved monitoring of functional fluorescence in sub-cortical brain structures, enabling light collection from groups of a few cells through small optical windows located on the taper edge [1]. Here we present a numerical model to estimate light collection properties of microstructured TFs implanted in scattering brain tissue. Ray tracing coupled withHenyey-Greensteinscattering model enables the estimation of both light collection and fluorescence excitation fields in three dimensions, whose combination is employed to retrieve the volume of tissue probed by the device.