bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programa de GQT em Vendas de Bens de Consumo Não Duráveis
Authors: Motta Rodrigo Guimarães , Lacerda Leandro Pereira de , De Fatima Mola Iara Cristina , Santos Neusa Maria Bastos Fernandes dos
Published: November 2020

Apesar do consenso de que a gestão da qualidade total contribui na obtenção de melhores resultados, o que se verifica é que seus estudos se voltam à sua implementação ou em toda a organização ou na área de produção, sem se deter em programas de GQT desenvolvidos exclusivamente para outras áreas, como a de vendas. Diante disso, este artigo teve por objetivo compreender a implementação de um programa de GQT em vendas, dado ser esta uma área pressionada para viabilizar o crescimento de receita e rentabilidade. A pesquisa se orientou por um breve histórico da evolução da GQT, detendo-se na sua importância para a área de vendas e contando com uma empresa nacional para estudo de caso. Além da sua motivação, o estudo distinguiu o método de implementação do programa, avaliando os resultados obtidos no que se referiu a metas, processos-chave e percepção dos seus colaboradores. No caso, a principal motivação para a implementação do programa consistiu no aumento da rentabilidade, para o qual foram definidos oito processos-chave. Para a maioria dos colaboradores, esses processos foram impactados positivamente pelo programa, que contribuiu muito para a melhoria de cada um deles e que continuaria a contribuir pelos próximos anos.
Prolegómenos ontológicos y gnoseológicos a una discusión sobre el naturalismo filosófico y sus límites
Authors: Vilaplana Guerrero José Domingo
Published: November 2020

Creo que lo que llamamos, o suele llamarse, conocimiento científico tiene mucho de juego de magia lingüístico, tiene mucho de sobrentendidos solapados. En este ensayo intento identificar, mostrar y hacer visibles algunos de los mecanismos que provocan el ensalmo lingüístico-psicológico por el que se otorga realidad objetiva a dicho conocimiento y, por extensión, a sus derivaciones doctrinales, el naturalismo entre ellas. A continuación, ahondando en las limitaciones de la comprensión científica de la realidad, abordaré el problema de las propias limitaciones del naturalismo, tanto en su versión doctrinal como programática, implicadas de la falsa presunción de objetividad y de verdad del discurso científico.
José Domingo Vilaplana Guerrero, El pensamiento de Camilo José Cela. De su génesis a su madurez. Madrid, Editorial Manuscritos, 2019.
Authors: Arroyo Bermejo Luis
Published: November 2020

Resumen del libro El pensamiento de Camilo José Cela. De su génesis a su madurez de José Domingo Vilaplana Guerrero
Risk stratification and secondary prevention post-myocardial infarction: insights from the EYESHOT Post-MI study
Authors: Colivicchi Furio , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Gulizia Michele Massimo , De Luca Leonardo , Geraci Giovanna , Nardi Federico , Rossini Roberta , Gonzini Lucio , Scicchitano Pietro , Caldarola Pasquale , Di Lenarda Andrea , Gabrielli Domenico
Published: November 2020

Aims

Clinical management of patients more than 1 year after acute myocardial infarction (MI) is challenging. Patient risk stratification may help to establish therapeutic priorities. We aimed to describe the comprehensive risk profile and management of patients with prior MI.

Methods

We analyzed data from the EYESHOT Post-MI study, which evaluated the management of patients 1–3 years after MI. The risk profile of participants was defined according to the qualifying high-risk features of the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial (history of diabetes, history of recurrent MI, angiographic evidence of multivessel coronary disease, chronic kidney disease with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min, age ≥65 years). Patients were classified into five subgroups according to the presence of zero, one, two, three, or more than three features.

Results

Of the 1633 patients in the EYESHOT Post-MI study, 1008 could be stratified according to PEGASUS-TIMI 54 high-risk features. About 22% of patients had no high-risk features, whereas 25% showed at least three features. The prevalence of patients with specific clinical severity indicators was progressively higher with the increasing number of high-risk features. Dual antiplatelet therapy and oral anticoagulation were more frequently used in patients with an increasing number of high-risk features (P for trend <0.0001). Lipid-lowering therapies were less frequently prescribed in patients with a higher number of features (P for trend 0.006 for statins; P for trend 0.007 for ezetimibe).

Conclusion

Higher-risk post-MI patients, identified by PEGASUS-TIMI 54 high-risk features, showed an increased prevalence of major clinical severity indicators. Secondary prevention therapies were not adequately implemented in higher-risk patients.
Pulmonary endarterectomy in the octogenarian population: safety and outcomes
Authors: Grazioli Valentina , Ghio Stefano , Pin Maurizio , Sciortino Antonio , Celentano Anna , Silvaggio Giuseppe , Monterosso Cristian , Turco Annalisa , Klersy Catherine , Merli Vera N. , Vanini Benedetta , D’Armini Andrea M.
Published: November 2020

Aims

Aim of the study was to verify the feasibility, safety and efficacy of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) in octogenarian patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 635 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients who underwent PEA at our center and were followed-up for at least 1 year. The end-points of the study were in-hospital mortality, hemodynamic results at 1 year and long-term survival.

Results

In-hospital mortality was 4, 10 and 17%, respectively, for 259 patients under the age of 60 years, 352 aged between 60 and 79 years and 24 octogenarians (P = 0.006 octogenarians vs. <60 years). At multivariable analysis, age and pulmonary vascular resistances were independent risk factors for mortality (P = 0.021 and P < 0.001, respectively). At 1 year, the improvement in cardiac index was lower and the distance walked in 6 min was poorer for octogenarians than for the other two groups (both P = 0.001). Survival after hospital discharge was similar over a median follow-up period of 59 months (P = 0.113). Although in-hospital mortality and long-term survival are similar in octogenarians as compared with patients aged between 60 and 79, the improvement in cardiac index and in functional capacity at 1 year are lower in this very elderly population.

Conclusion

Age over 80 years should not be a contraindication to PEA surgery in selected patients operated on in referral centers.
ORal anticoagulants In fraGile patients with percutAneous endoscopic gastrostoMy and atrIal fibrillation: the (ORIGAMI) study
Authors: D’Amario Domenico , Galli Mattia , Canonico Francesco , Restivo Attilio , Arcudi Alessandra , Scacciavillani Roberto , Cappannoli Luigi , Riccioni Maria Elena , Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Di Stefano Gaetano , Piccinni Carlo , Vergallo Rocco , Montone Rocco Antonio , Leone Antonio Maria , Niccoli Giampaolo , Sabatelli Mario , Antonelli Massimo , Andreotti Felicita , De Cristofaro Raimondo , Crea Filippo
Published: November 2020

Aims

The ORal anticoagulants In fraGile patients with percutAneous endoscopic gastrostoMy and atrIal fibrillation (ORIGAMI) study investigates the safety and efficacy of Edoxaban administered via PEG in patients with atrial fibrillation and a clinical indication for a long-term anticoagulation.

Design

In this prospective, single-centre observational study, 12 PEG-treated patients with indication to anticoagulation will receive edoxaban via PEG and will be followed up to 6 months. Plasma antifactor Xa activity and edoxaban concentrations will be assessed. Thromboembolic (ischaemic stroke, systemic embolism, venous thromboembolism) and bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) will be recorded at 1 and 6 months.

Preliminary results

A retrospective analysis of five atrial fibrillation cases undergoing PEG implantation at our Institution who received edoxaban via PEG showed plasma anti-FXa levels at a steady state of 146 ± 15 ng/ml, without major adverse event at a mean follow-up of 6 months.

Conclusion

ORIGAMI prospectively investigates PEG-administration of edoxaban in PEG-treated patients requiring long-term anticoagulation. Our preliminary retrospective data support this route of DOAC administration.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT04271293
Microstructure and hardness of Pyrowear 53 steel after low-pressure vacuum carburizing at 921°C
Authors: Wojtyczka Artur , Iżowski Bartosz
Published: November 2020

The present paper studies and analyzes the low-pressure vacuum carburizing of Pyrowear 53 steel. The carburizing was performed at 921°C. The results after the completion of the treatment process are presented, i.e. microstructure of the surface layer and hardness. The results confirm that carburizing can be effectively used in hardening of the steel.
Thermal Properties of Plaster Reinforced with Date Palm Fibers
Authors: Rachedi Mokhtar , Kriker Abdelouahed
Published: November 2020

This study aims both to investigate the thermal properties of plaster reinforced with date palm fibers and local natural resources valorization to batter using materials construction. For that, studying the effect of addition date palm fibers on the plaster's thermal properties is a significant point. In this work, we measured effective thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and thermal effusivity of date palm fibers reinforced plaster has been studied by CT meter. Samples configurations with four lengths (10 mm - 40 mm) and four-weight ratios (0.5 % - 2 %) of palm fibers in plaster. The results obtained demonstrate that an increase in the fraction of date palm fiber engenders to a significant decrease in the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and effusivity, even an increase for the specific heat of different types of samples. Finally, this study is a contribution to the valorization of local materials in southern Algeria, and results encourage the use of plaster and date palm fibers in the field of construction and go to eco-friendly buildings.
Impact of Igneous Rock Admixtures on Geotechnical Properties of Lime Stabilized Clay
Authors: Shah Syed Husnain Ali , Arif Muhammad , Sabir Mohammad Amjad , Rehman Qasim ur
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the probable influence of powder from two igneous rocks, namely granite and rhyolite, on the geotechnical properties of lime stabilized clay soil. A clay soil sample was collected from Jhelum, city of the province Punjab in Pakistan, and its major geotechnical properties including particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, Activity, compaction parameters, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were determined by using standard ASTM procedures. Owing to the presence of clay minerals, the Jhelum soil is classified as CH soil (Fat clays) following the Unified classification system. Lime was added to the soil in the range of 0 – 12 % and the most influential lime percentage, i.e. the one causing the highest possible positive impact on geotechnical properties, was chosen for further stabilization. Following a gradual increase by 8 %, up to 32 % of granite and rhyolite powders were separately mixed with the soil sample showing maximum stabilization with lime, i.e. the sample containing 6 % lime. Each of the resulting samples was tested for all the parameters mentioned above. The results demonstrate that addition of granite and rhyolite powders produces significant improvement in workability and performance of the clay soil previously stabilized with 6 % lime. The improvement is obvious from reduction in Plasticity index, Activity and optimum moisture content, and rapid increase in UCS, maximum dry density and CBR. The principal reason for the observed positive changes is the presence of abundant non-active and denser minerals in granite and rhyolite powders as compared to lime and clay soil. Furthermore, the positive impact of rhyolite on the geotechnical behaviour of soil is relatively higher than granite obviously because of its better petrographic features, physical properties and strength.
Do foreign-educated nurses displace native-educated nurses?
Authors: Chung Hyeran , Arends-Kuenning Mary
Published: November 2020

We examine whether there is any movement in the employment of native-educated nurses due to the influx of foreign-educated nurses. To avoid conflating the short- and long-term reactions to the entry of newly arrived foreign-educated nurses, we implement a multiple instrumentation procedure. We find that there is no significant effect of foreign-educated nurses on the employment of native nurses in both the short- and the long-runs. Our results suggest that relying on foreign-educated nurses to fill gaps in the US healthcare workforce does not harm the employment of native nurses.
Serum metabolomic analysis of feline mammary carcinomas based on LC-MS and MRM techniques
Authors: Zheng Jia-san , Wei Ren-yue , Wang Zheng , Song Jun , Ge Yan-song , Wu Rui
Published: November 2020

Introduction

To date, there have been no panoramic studies of the serum metabolome in feline mammary carcinoma. As the first such study, metabolomics techniques were used to analyse the serum of cats with these tumours. Three important metabolic pathways of screened differential metabolites closely related to feline mammary carcinomas were analysed to lay a theoretical basis for further study of the pathogenesis of these carcinomas.

Material and Methods

Blood in a 5–8 mL volume was sampled from twelve cats of the same breed and similar age (close to nine years on average). Six were feline mammary carcinoma patients and six were healthy. L glutamate, L alanine, succinate, adenine, hypoxanthine, and inosine were screened as were alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, the tricarboxylid acid (TCA) cycle, and purine metabolism. Data were acquired with LC-MS non-target metabolomics, multiple reaction monitoring target metabolomics, and multivariate statistical and bioinformatic analysis.

Results

Expression of five of the metabolites was upregulated and only inosine expression was downregulated. Up- and downregulation of metabolites related to glycometabolism, potentiation of the TCA cycle, greater content of lipid mobilisation metabolites, and abnormality of amino acid metabolism were closely related to the occurrence of the carcinomas.

Conclusion

These findings provide a new direction for further study of the mechanisms associated with cat mammary neoplasms.
Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China
Authors: Guowu Zhang , Kai Zhang , Xifeng Wang , Chunhui Ji , Chengcheng Ning , Yue Zhao , Jun Qiao , Qingling Meng , Xingxing Zhang , Kuojun Cai , Jinsheng Zhang , Zaichao Zhang , Xuepeng Cai
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Gastrointestinal parasites are some of the most common pathogens which are seriously harmful to the camel’s health. The infection status of gastrointestinal parasites in camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the species and infection intensity of gastrointestinal tract parasites in local camels.

Material and Methods

A total of 362 fresh faecal samples were collected and examined for parasite eggs using the saturated saline floating and natural sedimentation method. The parasite eggs were subjected to morphological and molecular examination and identification, and the infection rate and mean intensity of the parasites were analysed.

Results

A total of 15 gastrointestinal tract parasite species’ eggs were identified, with a detection rate of 100%. Ostertagia spp. (100%) and Trichostrongylus spp. (98.1%) were dominant. Camels were often coinfected by 5–14 species. The average number of eggs per gram of faeces was higher for Ostertagia spp. (298), Haemonchus contortus (176) and Nematodirus spp. (138). The number of species of parasites infecting young camels was significantly lower than that of adult camels, but the infection intensity in young camels was significantly higher.

Conclusion

Gastrointestinal parasites were highly prevalent in camels from the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China. This finding provides important epidemiological data for the prevention and control of associated infections in camels.
The ANTI-Vea task: analyzing the executive and arousal vigilance decrements while measuring the three attentional networks
Authors: Luna Fernando G. , Barttfeld Pablo , Martín-Arévalo Elisa , Lupiáñez Juan
Published: November 2020

The vigilance decrement phenomenon has been traditionally studied by simple and monotonous behavioral tasks. Nowadays, however, there is considerable interest in measuring vigilance with more complex tasks, including independent measures of other attentional functions. In the present study, we provide evidence supporting the suitability of the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance – executive and arousal components (ANTI-Vea) as an appropriate method to simultaneously assess multiple attentional and vigilance components. Vigilance was examined as two dissociated components: executive vigilance –as the detection of infrequent signals– and arousal vigilance –as the sustenance of a fast reaction to stimuli without response selection–. Importantly, the executive vigilance decrement was analyzed with a novel methodological approach to particularly determine whether the sensitivity loss effect is influenced by a floor level on the false alarms. As expected, the ANTI-Vea proved to be a task suitable to assess: (a) the main effects and interactions of phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control; (b) the executive vigilance decrement as a progressive change in the response bias; and (c) the arousal vigilance decrement as a progressive slowness and variability in reaction time. We discuss some critical theoretical and empirical implications of measuring vigilance components with the ANTI-Vea task. We expect the present study to provide a suitable method to analyze the vigilance decrement phenomenon when measuring multiple attentional and vigilance functions.
The myth of responsiveness. Discourse analysis on the indirect effectiveness of building orders and planning-law expropriations
Authors: Kolocek Michael , Hengstermann Andreas
Published: November 2020

Building orders and planning-law expropriations are viewed as particularly interventionist instruments of the Federal Building Code. The two instruments share another characteristic in addition to this high degree of interventionism, namely that they are rarely used in practice. This is due to the theory of responsive land policy, which suggests that less interventionist instruments should be applied first. However, these latter instruments are effective because all those involved, and particularly the affected parties, are aware of the existence of the more intensive options. Municipal decision-making instances thus profit from the provision of building orders and, in particular, expropriation as the ‘ultima ratio’ of planning law. The responsive approach is nonetheless only possible when those affected are aware of, or are made aware of, the existence of the more interventionist instruments. This article presents the results of a discourse analysis of 300 newspapers from the past 25 years. The analysis investigates the hypothesis that the decision-making instances mention building orders and expropriation in these media so as to exercise indirect influence in advance, and thus attempt to persuade those involved to cooperate. The analysis shows that the municipalities also use the local media to consider the use of building orders and expropriation. Often the actual application of the instruments is relativised in the same article by other decisions (for instance by the opposition), independent experts or editorial comments.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Endometrium In A Postmenopausal Woman: Case Report
Authors:   Harbor-University Of California At Los Angeles Medical Center, Vadehra Kumkum
Published: November 2020

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is an extremely rare tumor with poorly understood pathogenesis. The first case of Primary Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PSCCE) was reported in 1892. Since then only sporadic cases have been reported in the literature. There is limited data available about epidemiology, clinical progression and different therapeutic options for the disease. This report describes a case of a postmenopausal woman with Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium (PSCCE).
Affirmative Action Untuk Mengurangi Disparitas Gender Dalam Politik di Kota Serang
Authors: Arenawati Arenawati , Prafitri Nikki , Widyastuti Yeni
Published: November 2020

Affirmative action is a solution to reducing gender disparities in various fields including politics. Efforts to increase women's representation are important in providing justice for women for their political rights, by producing policies that protect women's political rights. The indicator set by the Sustainable Development Goals for gender equality is the number of women's representation in parliament. This research is motivated by the condition where the number of members of the Serang City DPRD for the 2019-2024 period is only 8 women from a total of 45 members or 17%, where this number has not met the 30% quota for women. This study aims to determine the affirmative action taken to reduce gender disparities in politics. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with interactive data analysis techniques. This research finds that from a policy perspective, both the central and local governments have made efforts to carry out affirmative action in the political field even though women's participation in politics is still low. This is inseparable from obstacles in the form of public perceptions of the quality of female cadres, women's self-distrust, factors of family support and family background. The study also found that strengthening the role of political parties through socialization, gender-biased political education and the involvement of female cadres in organizational activities and community empowerment activities can have an effect on reducing the stigma of gender disparity in politics
Implementasi Kebijakan Sabilulungan Sistem Penilaian Kinerja Pegawai (SASIKAP) di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Marlian Shela , Sari Deasy Silvya
Published: November 2020

The urgency of performance assessment in ASN management has led to innovations in employee performance assessment based on information technology. This article aims to describe the implementation condition of Sabilulungan Employee Performance Assessment System (SASIKAP) policy as a technology-based performance assessment instrument for the State Civil Service Apparatus (ASN), from various aspects such as policy, implementation and the environment. This is related to the phenomenon that there are still employees who do not fill out the application themselves, the inconsistency between individual work targets and organizational work targets and the lack of optimal performance monitoring and appraisal processes by appraisers. The authors use a descriptive qualitative method and examines the four locus of Regional Apparatus which have different characteristics and conditions in Bandung Regency Government. The authors found that: SASIKAP policy standards and objectives have been listed in the form of Bandung Regent Regulation Number 18 of 2019 and its technical guidelines; Human resources and infrastructure in Bandung Regency Government has supported the operationalization of SASIKAP; Communication between organizations and implementation activities is running properly; there is an executing agent that makes SASIKAP easier to operate; The economic, social and political environment supports the implementation of SASIKAP policies; and The implementation of SASIKAP policy has generally been responded positively by ASN within the Bandung Regency Government.
Usage of specialized information systems aggregator for estimation of state expenditures (based on data of the aggregator portal of the Accounts Chamber of Russia)
Authors: Sergeev Leonid Ivanovic
Published: November 2020

Multiple digital portals of government branches and commercial structures, as well as social networks give a new perspective on the topical issues of socioeconomic development. This trend also includes digital platforms of government branches and business structures that ensure state expenditure management. The subject of this research is the state expenditures reflected in the portal of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. The author generalizes the content of information featured on the aggregator portal of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation pertaining to state finances. Analysis is conducted on the number of the completed state contracts in accordance with the level of governance and varied ranges of value of such contracts. The article considers the regions with highest rating by share of “internal” contracts and the dynamics of monthly allocation of state subsidies. Analysis is also conducted on the number of contracts, subsidies, controllers and recipients of budgetary funds, as well as national projects budgeting of the Russian Federation. The established system of structurization of state expenditures indicates the existing in Russia architecture of formation of budgetary and extrabudgetary financing system of state obligations and national development projects. Various digital platforms of government branches necessary for managing state resources and that allow analyzing their require a certain consolidation of methodological and processing bases for assessing the efficiency of allocation of budgetary and extrabudgetary expenditures of the country. Such platforms should contribute to finding optimal ways for centralization and decentralization of budget resources, develop the channels for transfer of state funds that allow budget savings, increase the effectiveness of state control, and prevent excessive use within the system of state administration. The conclusions are reduced to the need for consolidation of methodological and processing bases for effective assessment of the usage of budgetary and extrabudgetary expenditures of the country.
Realities of bilingualism in the context of language policy in modern Bashkortostan
Authors: Khaliulina Aigul Ilyasovna , Ishemgulov Murat Nilovich , Idrisova Elina Failevna
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is bilingualism in the context of language policy in modern Bashkortostan. Special attention is given to actualization of the ethno-lingual identity of non-Russian population in the republic. Leaning on the ethnosociological studies, the author examine the scale of proliferation of national-Russian bilingualism in Bashkortostan, analyze the key markers in selection of the native language among some ethnic groups, as well as determine the role of Russian language as a language of interethnic communication. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt to determine the intensity of usage of national languages of non-Russian peoples and their interaction with the Russian language based on the wide-scale ethnosociological studies. The acquired results demonstrate that among Bashkir population, the native language still prevails over Russian by the level of language competence; while among urban Tatars, the Russian language has noticeably exceeded the native language of communication. At the same time, the results of ethnosociological research, confirming the results of the All-Russia Population Census of 2010 on the language competence of the residents of Bashkortostan, testify to the fact that their speech activity is oriented mostly towards learning Russian than the language of their ethnicity.
Montenegro’s political crisis of 1997-1998
Authors: Smirnov Iakov
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the struggle of political elites in Montenegro, which was a constituent federated state of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in the late 1990s. In 1997, as a result of split between the ruling in Montenegro Democratic Party of Socialists, the political life of the country faced a severe crisis. The opposition wing within Democratic Party of Socialists, headed by the young politician Milo Đukanović won the confrontation. The result of this conflict became a drastic change in the country's political orientation in its relations with Serbia and the federal center in Belgrade. The author examines the factors that caused crisis situation and proliferation in the republic. The article determines the key stages of political confrontation in the republic and their fundamental characteristics. The first stage marks the internal struggle of the elites, juxtaposition of reformist wing of the ruling party, which criticized the allied authorities in Belgrade, and its conservative parliamentary group that supported alliance with the authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its leader Slobodan Milošević. At the second stage, the confrontation extends beyond the republic and shifts onto the federal level, becoming an inter-republican conflict. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the original approach towards studying the topic at hand, using the new sources and literature.
“Mongүol čaүajin-u bičig” as a source on Mongolian Buddhism
Authors: Ayusheeva Marina Vasil'evna
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the chapter on Buddhist clergy from the ““Mongүol čaүajin-u bičig”, the Mongolian version of the “Code of the Chinese Chamber of External Relations”. The object of this research is the Manchurian policy with regards to Mongolian Buddhism. The article provides historiographical characteristics of the source in the old written Mongolian language, preserved in the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author conducts a detailed overview of the five books of the compilation of laws; and based on the content of the articles, examines the position the Buddhist Church in accordance to the Qing legislation. It is underlined that the manuscript version of “Mongүol čaүajin-u bičig” reflects the traditional legal norms of the XIX century with regards to Buddhist religion. The author indicates the dynamic structure of the source and its evolution in terms of requirements of the time. Special attention is given to the restrictive policy of the Qing Empire in relation to Buddhist religion, as well as the interaction between religion and secular government, development of legal norms based on the “Truthful Record of the Mongols under the Qing Dynasty”. The main conclusion consists in the statement that the vertical of secular government subordinated the religious organization. The novelty is defined by involvement of the new source for analyzing the state of Mongolian Buddhism.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of glioblastoma resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors
Authors: Степанов И.А. , Белобородов В.А. , Шамеева М.А.
Published: November 2020

Представлен обзор современных источников литературы, посвященных изучению молекулярных и клеточных механизмов резистентности глиобластомы к антиангиогенным лекарственным средствам. Ангиогенез представляет собой важнейший патофизиологический механизм роста и прогрессирования глиобластомы за счет активного развития микрососудистой сети. Ускоренное развитие микрососудистой сети в глиобластоме происходит благодаря синтезу опухолевыми клетками большого количества фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF). Среди основных молекулярных и клеточных механизмов лекарственной устойчивости глиобластомы к анти-VEGF агентам принято относить VEGF-независимые пути ангиогенеза, активность клеток костного мозга и перицитов, а также сосудистую кооперацию, периваскулярную инвазию и феномен аутофагии. Изложены современные данные о рациональном и наиболее эффективном использовании анти-VEGF-лекарственных средств у пациентов с глиомами высокой степени злокачественности. Обозначены актуальные, остающиеся нерешенными вопросы, что обусловливает необходимость проведения дальнейших экспериментальных и клинических исследований, посвященных изучению механизмов лекарственной устойчивости глиобластомы к анти-VEGF-препаратам.

This state-of-the-art review focuses on molecular and cellular factors associated with glioblastoma resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. Angiogenesis is an important pathophysiological mechanism for the growth and progression of glioblastoma facilitated by active development of microvasculature. The accelerated development of the microvascular network in glioblastoma occurs due to the synthesis of a large number of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor cells Among the major molecular and cellular factors, glioblastoma drug resistance to anti-VEGF agents is commonly attributed to VEGF-independent pathways of angiogenesis, bone marrow cell and pericyte activity as well as to vascular co-option, perivascular invasion, and the phenomenon of autophagy. The authors provided current data on the rational and most effective use of anti-VEGF drugs for patients with high-grade gliomas. Relevant unsolved problems associated with drug resistance of glioblastoma to anti-VEGF drugs were highlighted.
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Retrospective review of pathogenesis and modern theories
Authors: Гаврилов Г.В. , Станишевский А.В. , Гайдар Б.В. , Свистов Д.В.
Published: November 2020

Идиопатическая нормотензивная гидроцефалия - хроническое прогрессирующее дегенеративное заболевание головного мозга, характеризующееся изменением конфигурации боковых желудочков и других ликворсодержащих пространств головного мозга на фоне нормального давления ликвора, проявляющееся клинически триадой симптомов: нарушением походки, развитием деменции и нарушением мочеиспускания. Патофизиология и патоморфогенез этого заболевания до конца не ясны. С появлением термина и описания клинической картины нормотензивной гидроцефалии в 1964 г. S. Hakim выполнено множество экспериментальных, морфологических и клинических исследований, направленных на выяснение ключевых звеньев патогенеза заболевания. В представленной работе приведена ретроспектива взглядов на закономерности патогенеза идиопатической нормотензивной гидроцефалии, анализируются современные исследования, посвящённые данной проблеме, а также обобщены и сформулированы основные теории, касающиеся ключевых звеньев патологического процесса.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a chronic, progressive degenerative brain disease characterized by ventricular enlargement disproportionate to other cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces with normal CSF pressure. This disease presents with gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and incontinence. The pathophysiology and morphogenesis of this condition are not well studied. Since the first description by S. Hakim in 1964, a number of experimental and morphological studies have focused on investigation of the disease mechanisms. This review retrospectively analyzed and summarized principal ideas about the pathogenesis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Negative Charge Management to Make Fragile Bonds No Longer Fragile towards Electrons for Robust Organic Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Wang Rui , Meng Qing-Yu , Wang Yi-Lei , QIAO JUAN
Published: November 2020

The development of robust organic (opto)electronic devices is mainly depressed by the poor intrinsic stability of organic materials on service. For organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials, a key parameter for intrinsic stability is the bond-dissociation energy of the most fragile bond (BDEf). Although rarely concerned, many OLED molecules have the lowest BDEf in anionic states (BDEf(−) ∼1.6−2.5 eV), which could be a fatal short-slab for device stability. Here, we confirmed the clear relationship between BDEf(−), intrinsic material stability, and device lifetime, and further developed a general and effective strategy to promote BDEf(−) ~1 eV for various fragile bonds by introducing appropriate negative charge manager within the molecule. The manager can firmly confine negative-charge and protect fragile bonds, which was verified in typical phosphine-oxide and carbazole derivatives, and backed by newly-designed molecules. This tactic provides a new perspective to reform the vulnerable building blocks for robust organic (opto)electronic materials and devices.
Modeling Variance: A Variance-Motivated Approach to Molecular Prediction
Authors: mitchell na'il
Published: November 2020

In this variance-motivated study, the variance of a multi-thousand molecular dataset of Coulomb matrices is analyzed. This paper presents novel statistical methods and models that can aide in molecular prediction and analysis. A blended statistical/ML model is introduced for classifying data as Normal as well as a model for visualizing variance. Analysis is performed after a detailed literature review of molecular prediction and Normality of data assessment
Design of Polyazamacrocyclic Gd3+ Theranostic Agent Combining MRI and Two-Photon PDT
Authors: Abad Galan Laura , Hamon Nadège , Nguyen Christophe , Molnár Enikő , Kiss János , Mendy Jonathan , Hadj-Kaddour Kamel , Onofre Mélanie , Trencsényi György , Monnereau Cyrille , Beyler Maryline , Tircso Gyula , Gary-Bobo Magali , MAURY Olivier , Tripier Raphael
Published: November 2020

New “all-in-one” theranostic systems, combining a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with a biphotonic photodynamic therapy (2P-PDT) photosensitiser generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen, were envisaged and synthesised. They are based on azamacrocycles, regiospecifically functionalised by two-photon PDT π-conjugated dibromobenzene-picolinate photosensitisers and acetate, able to complex gadolinium(III) and allow an MRI signal. Our approach was to use two different macrocyclic platforms, tacn and pyclen, for modulating simultaneously the structures, properties and solubility of the complexes. Photophysical properties of the ligands and their gadolinium(III) complexes were fully investigated. The Gd3+-pyclen derivative showed the best water solubility and the greatest value of singlet oxygen generation of the series with φΔ = 0.53 enabling in vitro studies. The biological PDT activity under mono and biphotonic excitation was evaluated in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). While a very low dark toxicity was observed, an almost total cell death was induced after only 3 successive irradiations of 1.57 sec. Finally, its relaxivity was measured in a DMSO/H2O solvents mixture with r1p = 11.21 and r2p = 24.60 mM-1s -1 at 3.0 T and T1- and T2-weighted phantom MR images were obtained highlighting a first generation of “all-in-one” PDT/MRI theranostic agents.
Role of community pharmacy in public health
Authors: Senthil kumar V  , Mahesh kumar V P  , Senthil kumar S K  , Rajalingam D
Published: November 2020

Currently, in every country, community pharmacists play an essential role as they take responsibility for access to healthcare for the medicine-related needs of patients. In India, however, only the provision of medicines remains the central movement of the group pharmacist. In the country, patient-oriented treatment is still rarely given by most community pharmacists. As domestic medicine development and national healthcare expenditure rise rapidly, the role of pharmacists in society and, with it, their management of medicines will change. The aim of this editorial is to examine the genesis of the private-owned Indian community pharmacy and to outline its education, training and prospects.
Molecular screening of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins associated with samples of meat / Iraq
Authors: Sura I. A. Jabuk  , Eman M. Jarallah
Published: November 2020

Staphylococcus aureus secreted many types of toxins accompanying Intestinal poisoning resulting from eating food contaminated with bacteria or their toxins. Five hundred meat samples were collected from local markets, including fresh, frozen, canned, sausage and hamburger to investigate their contamination with S.aureus and then determined their ability of these isolates to secrete enterotoxins by using polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the ratio of isolated S.aureus is 30 (6%) and the percentage of encoding genes for toxins is 30(100%), 0(0%), 3(10), 0(0%),0(0%),3(10), 2(6.7), 1(3.3), 0(0%) and 3(10) to sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, see, sei, sej and sel respectively.The result shows the S.aureus isolated from contamination meat able to produce different type to enterotoxins sea, sec, seg, see, sei, and sel and present the sea toxin is the most prevalence type of staphylococcus enterotoxins.
Assessment Of Dry Eye Symptoms And Quality Of Sleep In Engineering Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pavithra S  , Dheepak Sundar M
Published: November 2020

To assess dry eye symptoms (DES) and quality of sleep in engineering students during the Covid19 pandemic lockdown and also to assess the association between DES and sleep quality. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 396 engineering students studying in Saveetha engineering college. The study tool used was a semi-structured google form questionnaire designed for assessing digital device usage, symptoms of dry eye disease and sleep pattern. Responses were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Overall 64.1% attained a score of more than 10, indicating the presence of DES. 70.2% of the study population used digital screens for more than 13 hours. A statistically significant association was found between increased screen time and presence of DES(p<0.05). 64.9% had a score of >18 indicating reduced sleep quality. About 77.1% of the students with DES had reduced sleep quality, and a significant association (p<0.01) was observed between the two. During the Covid19 pandemic lockdown, there appears to be rising prevalence of DES in student population, one of the reasons being increased screen time. The sleep quality was also found to be reduced, and a significant association was found between DES and sleep quality.
The Comparison of FLACC and OPS Scales in Differentiating Pain and Emergence Delirium in the Postoperative Period in Pediatric Patients
Authors: PEKER Kevser , PEKER Seydi Ali
Published: November 2020

Objective: Postoperative pain and pediatric emergence delirium (ED) are early-postoperative negative behaviours. However it is very difficult to diferentiate each other. The aim of the present study is to compare the utility of “Face, legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability” (FLACC) and Objective Pain Scale (OPS) in differentiating the pain and ED in the early postoperative period. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a university hospital. Sixty one (61) children were included in this study. General anesthesia was provided for all children. The incidence of ED was evaluated with PAED scale, the incidence of pain was evaluated with both FLACC and OPS scales in the early postoperative period. Results: Only the number of children with delirium were 29 (47.5%), with pain were 10 (16.4%) and with both delirium and pain were 25 (40.9%). For FLACC, the area under the curve (AUC = 0.914, p = 0.02) at the 5th minute and the area under the curve value (AUC = 0.865, p < 0.001) at the 15th minute was high. Conclusions: The utility of FLACC is better than OPS in differentiating pain and emergence delirium in the postoperative period in pediatric patients.
Studi Simulasi Sistem Pada Perusahaan Jasa Pengiriman Barang dan Ekspedisi
Authors: Andira Andira , Runtuk Johan K. , Maukar Anastasia Lidya
Published: November 2020

Currently, the competition of delivery service providers is increasing. Companies must strive to improve customer service and satisfaction to survive in this competition. One of the service improvements relates to the queuing system. This research was conducted at the counter of a logistics company, which provides delivery and expedition services, located in Cikarang, Bekasi. There was often a build-up of queues at counters and accumulated goods to be packaged. As a result, officers have very high utilization, because they should serve the customers; meanwhile, they also have to do packing works. This study uses a simulation approach to analyse and improve the performance of the current queuing system. Simulations are carried out using Promodel in the delivery handling system, namely starting when the customer enters the store, handling customer needs (including in the case of packing the goods until the service is complete and the customer leaves the store. There are two suggestions for improvement; short-term and medium-term improvement proposals for the short-term focus on customer service (excluding packaging), namely by providing registration forms and also preparing a refund that can shorten the service process. Meanwhile, the long-term improvement is to strengthen the service system with an additional information system, standardization of processes and costs, as well as extra officers who specialize in packing. The simulation results show that short and medium-term improvement can reduce waiting time and utilization, and increase the number of goods packed.
Development of Kansei Engineering-Based Method for Service Improvement in Hotel Operations
Authors: Adnyani Ni Luh Saddhwi Saraswati , Govindaraju Rajesri
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop or improve the Kansei engineering-based method for designing service improvement used in previous studies. Kansei engineering can be integrated with other relevant methods or techniques so that a better method can be produced. This study proposes the development of Kansei engineering-based method that is suitable for designing service improvements in hotel operations by integrating Kansei engineering, text mining, service blueprint, SERVQUAL, Kano model, and QFD. Text mining is used to collect Kansei words by utilizing online customer reviews. Service blueprint is used to determine the service attributes, and SERVQUAL to evaluate current service quality. Kano model is used to classify service attributes into Kano categories. QFD is used to determine customer needs and translate these customer needs into technical characteristics and specifications. The method developed in this study was applied in hotel services in Bali. The results of determining service improvement priorities obtained in this study indicate that service improvements should be focused on the hotel technical requirements which consist of hotel cleanliness standards, availability of housekeeping equipment, professional hotel interior and exterior designers, personnel management, general affair management, employee education and training, and customer relationship management. This method has been successfully applied in the hotel sector. In addition to the hotel sector, this method can also be applied in other service sectors.
Empowering a Fragmented Diaspora: Turkish Immigrant Organizations’ Perceptions of and Responses to Turkey’s Diaspora Engagement Policy (Forthcoming)
Authors: Arkilic Zekiye
Published: November 2020

The existing literature on state-diaspora relations, primarily in the MENA, has mostly focused on how and why home states engage their diasporas, rather than with what consequences. This article investigates how different groups within the diaspora community are affected by the homeland’s multi-tiered diaspora engagement policy. I argue that sending states influence select immigrant organizations’ mobilization by empowering them in two key ways: They instill self-confidence and collective identity in organization leaders and provide them with capacity-development and know-how support. Yet such differential treatment may become a source of suspicion in host states and cause resentment among the disregarded diaspora groups. The findings draw from extensive fieldwork conducted in France, Germany, and Turkey between 2013 and 2019 and original data derived from interviews, official documents, and news sources.