bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil-archaeological characteristic of the archaeological settlement Kalmykovka I in the Samara Volga Region
Authors: Ovchinnikov Andrey Yurievich , Andreev Konstantin Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

The paper publishes the results of soil research on the archaeological site the settlement of the Neolithic and Bronze age Kalmykovka I located in the Krasnoyarsk district of the Samara Region. The paper briefly describes the archaeological site. Its cultural identity and the absolute age of the found artifacts are indicated. The morphological studies and analysis of the physical and the chemical properties of the modern soils, soil-forming rocks and cultural archaeological layers were carried out at the key site The taxonomic difference in soils was identified, related to the anthropogenic transformation of the soil in the middle and late Holocene. The physical properties of soils, and in particular, the granulometric composition, acquire lighter fractions in the direction from the watershed to the river terraces and slopes. Such pattern is recorded on other archaeological sites in the Middle Volga Region. The meandering of riverbed and the change in the level of rivers at different time intervals of the Holocene leaded to a change in the granulometric composition of the territory of the riverbed and river terrace. The preliminary results showed that an ancient man accounted for: a geographical location, a landscape exposure, the riverbed and the river level while arranging the settlement Kalmykovka I in different periods of the Holocene. The change in the paleogeographic situation on the given territory from the Middle Holocene to the Late one apparently influenced the river level content of the Sok River and its riverbed, which forced the generations of people to move the settlement deep into the watershed surface.
Morphological analysis of Novosvobodnenskaya culture ceramics from burials in the burial mound «Klady»
Authors: Rezepkin Aleksey Dmitrievich
Published: December 2020

Morphological analysis of the ceramics of Novosobvodnenskaya culture has not been carried out so far. In this paper, 19 fragments of vessels from the burials of the burial mound Klady were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the composition of the clay mass used in the manufacture of ceramics was very diverse as whole types of clays limestone, montmorilinite, hydromica, and in their various combinations six more variants. Almost half of the vessels (nine) were made of limestone and montmorilinite clays. The composition of impurities is also diverse: sand, chamotte, limestone and grime in various mixed versions. The last few were fragments without impurities, only four. Vessels were subjected to both oxidative roasting and reducing. Only three specimens were subjected to combined, oxidation-reduction firing. A comparative analysis of Maikop and Novosvobodnensk ceramics is carried out. Thus, this method of investigation of ceramics showed that the carriers of the Novosobvodnenskaya culture had a great experience of ceramic production, which enabled them to use a wide range of clays, in their various combinations and methods of roasting in the manufacture of ceramics.
The experience of steppe reserve organizing in Southern Pre-Urals in the late XIX - the first third of the XX century and the problem of Russian steppes sustainable development of the XXI century
Authors: Mishanina Elena Vladimirovna , Mishanina Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the history of two steppe reserves in the territory of the Southern Urals (Orenburg region nowadays). The first one was established by A.N. Karamzin in private grounds of Polibino, in Buguruslan Uyezd of Samara Region (Gubernia), in 1920th centuries. Its area was 650 hectares, while its location, period of its existence, as well as the scientific and practical activities remained unknown. Flora and fauna as well as meteorological observations were conducted in this place. The results of the researches were published by the owner in a number of monographs. In early 1920's this area was totally changed. The second reserve named Koziavka was opened in Kurmanaevsky District of the Middle Volga Region by I. Sprygin, with the help of the director of Penza State Reserve that existed from 1930 to 1935. It was a significant area of virgin steppe and long-term fallow land with rich steppe biodiversity. It was lost during the land transfer reform - from the Middle Volga Region to Orenburg Oblast. Similar reseraches have a practical significance. That will help to design and find these sites with further transformation into specially protected natural areas, as well as to determine the conservation status of previously existing reserves.
Methodological basis and the problem of a future teacher morality development
Authors: Guschina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the importance of a future teachers morality development. The author finds it is necessary to show that the idea of selecting the strongest, best, thoroughbred, domination of some people over others generates a crooked memory, and the idea of brotherhood of people, the dignity and value of each person generates a moral memory. Moreover the author gives a methodological basis for morality development and believes that it is necessary to distinguish two interrelated and self-independent sides (consciousness side and behavioral side). As well he reveals the role of moral knowledge in the education of virtues. The article analyses both the ideas of Socrates about the connection between knowledge and virtue and Aristotle's ideas about the impossibility of equating virtue with knowledge. It shows that ethnical knowledge is the key factor to virtue development. It reveals that it is a good life if we use the golden rule of morality. Moreover it shows that the process of golden rule of morality is important to students virtue development. The article gives the role of functions of morality. It proves that the attitude is the connecting mechanism between the moral consciousness and the moral behavior. The author finds it is important to find the new methods to teach morality. As well they aim to help to see the interconnections between morality sides. Moreover these methods will help to provide both relative self-reliance and the sides connections concerning the consciousness and morality behavior side.
The study of heavy metal pollution in soils and the link between pollution and oncological diseases
Authors: Ashurbekova Tamila Nasirovna , Musinova Elmira Mugudinovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problem of ecotoxicants content: arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium in the soils of Achkhoy-Martan District settlements of the Chechen Republic and their impact on human health. The presence of heavy metals in soils and plant samples of the studied area can be explained by the geological structure of the territory of the Republic, which is located on the rocks of the Jurassic and Paleogene periods. Studies have shown excessive concentrations of lead in some samples of soil settlements of the Achkhoi-Martan District: Samashki is 43,1 mg/kg and Janda 42,1 mg/kg vs 30 mg/kg by the MPC. There is an excess of the maximum permissible concentration of cadmium in the village Zakan-Yurt 1,93 mg/kg against 1,0 mg/kg MPC. As for mobile forms arsenic, mercury and cadmium are found in the greatest quantities. The arsenic content exceeds the permissible values by 2,033,36 times, the cadmium content exceeds the MPC by almost 2 times 1,93 mg/kg against 1 mg/kg. According to the results of the studies, the relationship between the transformation of mobile forms of heavy metals from soil to plants is monitored. A direct correlation between cancer and the concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the study areas was revealed.
The structure of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. and Trifolium pratense L. populations on the territory of deciduous forests zone in Tatarstan Republic
Authors: Prokhorenko Nina Borisovna , Demina Galina Vladimirovna , Kadyrova Luiza Ravilevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the results of the Trifolium prаtense L. and Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. population structure study. This paper presents a comparative description of these species populations from different ecological and coenotical condition in the zone of deciduous forests in the Republic of Tatarstan. The evaluation of the morphological status of individuals in populations was carried out using such parameters as shoot height, number of shoots per plant, total number of inflorescences on a plant, dry shoots biomass, reproductive effort, photosynthetic effort, etc. Density, ontogenetic and vitality structure of populations are considered to be adaptive mechanisms of populations existence in different ecological-coenotic conditions. Studies have shown that in the composition of Melilotus officinalis populations most of the plants belong to the group of young or mature generative plants, in which the photosynthetic effort averages from 0,16 to 0,19, and the reproductive effort from 0,12 to 0,19 in different communities. The greatest reproductive effort is observed in populations formed by plants with a low morphological status. Trifolium pratense forms populations of different vitality (prosperous, balanced, or depressed). The authors note the presence of plants of both generative and pregenerative periods in some communities, which indicates a successful seed renewal. The average values of the photosynthetic effort for Trifolium pratense in various growing conditions range from 0,20 to 0,36, and the reproductive effort from 0,18 to 0,29. A higher reproductive effort was noted in populations at the boundary of the contact zones of deciduous forests and forest steppes.
The integral method of species synanthropic properties assessment
Authors: Fedorova Lyubov Valeryevna , Kupatadze Galina Alexandrovna , Kuranova Natalya Gennadievna , Viktorov Vladimir Pavlovich , Ezhkova Valentina Gennadievna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses different approaches of species activity determination in phytocenotic and floristic studies. The authors propose a formula of representation and plasticity for estimating the properties of the species taking into account the occurrence and abundance of the species in ecotopes with different anthropogenic transformation. The study contains a comprehensive analysis of sinanthropy properties of 32 herbaceous plants species related to the flora of Orekhovo-Zuyevo in the 19 most common types of ecotopes of different categories of anthropogenic disturbance. All species form 6 groups according to the ecotopic and sinanthropic plasticity. The relationship between the ecotopic and sinanthropic plasticity is discussed. It is shown that the synanthropic properties of species depend on the plastisity, but do not completely coincide with it. Native species with a high plasticity index successfully master a variety of ecotopes, including highly transformed ones and form a facultative-synanthropic (FS) component of the local flora. This species complex in boarders of local flora is constant and independent of the degree of the environment transformation. Adventive species, even with a high plasticity, penetrate the undisturbed ecotopes with difficulty and for the most part remain obligate sinanthropes (OS). The lability of the borders between non sinanthropic (NS) and relatively sinanthropic (RS) groups lead to the transition from one species group to the other.
The results of the settlement Oroshayemoye study in 2018
Authors: Vybornov Alexander Alekseevich , Vasilyeva Irina Nikolaevna , Doga Natalya Sergeevna , Roslyakova Natalya Valerievna , Kosintsev Pavel Andreevich , Kulkova Marianna Alekseevna , Popov Alexander Sergeevich , Yudin Alexander Ivanovich , Oinonen Markku , Possnert Göran , Streltsov Mikhail Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

An essential aspect of studying the Neolithic is the identification of its early phase. The research is constrained by scarce source base of the study. Until recently, the early Neolithic in the Lower Volga region has not been identified by the experts. The situation has changed due to the excavation of the settlement Oroshayemoye I on the river B. Uzen. This paper focuses on the received materials. The monument is multi-layered. During the field work in 2018, the lower cultural layer was investigated. Ceramic, stone and osteological equipment was found in it. The pottery and set of tools are typologically similar to the materials of the lower layer of the Varfolomeyevskaya site, which belong to the Orlovskaya culture. The technological analysis of the ceramics of the Oroshayemoye settlement showed its proximity to the pottery making technology of Orlovskaya culture. The study of osteological remains revealed the presence of bones of aurochs, saiga, tarpan and other wild species on the monument, as well as a domestic dog. According to radiocarbon analysis, the age of the lower layer of the monument is determined by the last quarter of VII the beginning of the VI millennium BC. Paleoclimatic studies conducted on the monument showed that during this period the climate was warm and humid.
Professional identity formation as a factor of a modern university student’s career strategy planning
Authors: Berkutova Diana Iskanderovna , Gromova Ekaterina Mikhaylovna , Gorshkova Tatyana Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses the attention of researchers on the problem of formation of modern youths professional identity, which, according to the authors, is directly related to the career strategy design. The authors analyze main theoretical approaches to the essence of the concepts of professional identity, personal professional perspective and career strategy. The paper presents the results of the study of modern students professional plans in the context of their professional career planning. The experimental sample of respondents was made from the number of full-time students of Physical, Mathematical and Technological Education Department of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov. The respondents diagnosis was carried out by N.S. Pryazhnikovs method Personal professional perspective, which promotes the stimulation of the youths reflections on complex worldview life problems, professional choice, building a successful career and provoking individual consultations of value-semantic nature, as well as E. Shanes method Anchors of career, which is used to determine the leading professional motives. The results of the study were subjected to a thorough analysis. The paper contains the results of diagnostics, proving that personal professional perspective and career strategy are closely interrelated. The obtained materials can serve as a basis for further development of theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of modern youths career strategy design.
Teaching business foreign language communication in master's courses at railway transport university
Authors: Odaryuk Irina Vasilievna
Published: December 2020

The paper explains the necessity of new professional training requirements. The role of foreign languages at higher educational institutions is emphasized, which is reflected in the Federal National education standards. The paper dwells upon approaches and peculiarities of developing a competence-based model of teaching business foreign language communication to postgraduate students of the railway transport university. The paper gives examples of tasks and teaching technologies, used by the author in the process of implementing the teaching programmes for postgraduate students of the railway transport university. The above-mentioned model is viewed as a complex of linguistic, communicative, culturological, psychological and professional components. The characteristic features of teaching a foreign language to postgraduate students of technical universities are researched. The grounds for using an interdisciplinary approach in teaching a foreign language for business communication are considered. The interdisciplinary approach allows to integrate students knowledge and skills acquired in the process of studying other subjects and to successfully implement them in mastering a foreign language and developing a competence in business foreign language communication. The paper gives an overview of the study guides developed by teachers of Foreign Languages Department of the Rostov State Transport University for postgraduate students majoring in technical subjects. The perspectives of further research are defined.
Soil and vegetation cover evaluation in the forestry area «Mekhzavodskoy» of the suburban Samara forestry enterprise area
Authors: Matveeva Tatyana Borisovna , Kazantsev Ivan Victorovich , Molchatsky Sergey Lvovich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents data on the state of soil and vegetation cover of oak forests of suburban forests near the village Mekhzavod. Being in the ring of large highways as well as located relatively close to Samara, they experience a complex impact of many adverse conditions. In the course of the study in these forest communities using the method of laying ecological profiles, we assessed a degree of recreational load impact on the vegetation cover of the green zone. The author estimated the percentage of road and path network development, described stages of recreational digression (for R.A. Karpisonova) and identified the main indicators of anthropogenic load, a vital status of major forest tree species and the factors contributing to its deterioration. The author also revealed a classification of soils with the help of laying soil profiles in different quarters and the subsequent chemical analysis of the selected samples. It is determined that the gray forest soils indicated for this area on the soil map of the Volga Region are not found. Taking into account the unsatisfactory state of the vegetation cover of the studied area, a number of recommendations for its rational use are proposed, which can further contribute to the preservation and improvement of these forests stability.
«Democracy distribution» strategy as a mechanism for U.S. foreign policy goals achieving (late 1980s - first half of the 1990s)
Authors: Belevtseva Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the US foreign policy during the presidency of George W. Bush and B. Clintons first presidential term. The author analyzes practical steps of the American administration related to the use of democracy distribution strategy as one of the main tools of the American foreign policy. The paper traces the use of democracy distribution strategy for the purpose of American global leadership achieving in the conditions of the unipolar world. The author also shows the influence on the US foreign policy precedent creation - lack of deterrent in the face of the USSR. Special attention is paid to the promotion of American-style democracy to the regions of the world where conflict situations arose. The paper also contains the facts that the American establishment justified the necessity of American leadership in international affairs as well as the assessments of the US foreign policy of power pressure under the slogan of democracy distribution. The paper is based on the documentary materials of the US presidents G.W. Bush and B. Clinton, as well as documents of the U.S. Department of state and Congress. The views of prominent American political scientist Henry Kissinger, President of the American economic strategy Institute Clyde Prestowitz and Russian historian Vladimir Sogrin are used to assess the activities of the American administrations.
War, Imperialism, and colonies: a view of the US press
Authors: Buranok Sergey Olegovich
Published: December 2020

Questions about the perspectives of the European empires colonial system after the Great War, forms and ways of its transition to postcolonial age, relativity of the colonial powers experience to the US foreign policy, were very popular and quite debating for the American public opinion during and after the end of the World War I. colonial system research cannot be complete without studying the press of the powers that signed the Versailles Treaty. In order to give a detailed analysis of international relationships in terms of the global transformations from the American point of view relevant newspaper articles published after the Great War should be analyzed. The results have shown changes in priority in schemes of colonial system transformation as it was viewed in American public discourse during 1919-1922. Woodrow Wilson plan for the colonial powers dismantle was gradually replaced by the less radical plans, which presupposed the use of the colonial experience in the US foreign policy. Materials of the American press for the 1919-1922 reveals that there was a search of the most effective and optimum strategy of the relations with the European empires as well as with its dependent territories. Analysis of American press reveals its steady interest in negative and positive experience of colonial empires in search of the lessons of history. In 1919-1922 most prominent journalists were focused on Europe, which was represented as the cornerstone for the US foreign policy by the White House, the US State Department and the media. And we can clearly see another factor affecting approaches to the colonial issue in American press. It was the Soviet Russia attention and support to the national liberation movements in Asia and Africa. The Red Menace had become one of the factors that forced American media to redefine the colonial issue in light of the new world order which had been created after the end of the Great War on the base of the Versailles Treaty.
Task approach to introducing values to prospective lawyers
Authors: Vdovin Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the problem of training a prospective lawyer who is able to build his professional activity on value grounds. The urgency of the problem of introducing values to prospective lawyers is argued from the position that the values of good, truth, justice, etc., becoming motives for the activities of a lawyer, ensure voluntary, free and informed fulfillment of moral requirements, which is an important condition for ensuring the security of individuals and the state. The content of the task approach to the introduction of values to prospective lawyers is revealed through the task concept content, and a problematic place occupies a special place. The suprasituative level of problem detection and the situational level of problem detection are considered in relation to the task concept. It is substantiated that the task approach orients the teacher to the introduction of values to prospective lawyers in the process of their involvement in solving problems of a supra-situational level in which they (prospective lawyers) find personal meaning. The author shows the effectiveness of personally-oriented tasks use for introducing values to prospective lawyers. It is shown that the penetration into the personal meaning of the task is possible both through its content and through the methods of its solution. An algorithm for solving a personally-oriented task is given: 1) an analysis of the situation of the lawyer professional activity; 2) formulation of the problem on the basis of the given situation; 3) analysis of the available means suitable for choosing ways of finding a solution to the problem; 4) action planning; 5) analysis of the results of their actions; 6) setting of new tasks. The author gives an example of how to use a personally-oriented task in the process of prospective lawyers training.
Interpretation of the communicative approach in the education of primary school in an inclusive class by the participants of the educational process (based on the study of educational institutions of Perm Krai)
Authors: Kosolapova Larisa Aleksandrovna , Lyskova Guzal Tagirovna
Published: December 2020

The research work deals with the study of the concept of communicative approach in the education of children with disabilities, the study gives the definition of communication, competence, speech activity, inclusive education. The research attempts with the review of theoretical literature on the problem of the communicative approach in teaching children with disabilities in general education institutions of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the material of the regulatory framework for the implementation of inclusive education in the Russian Federation, refers to the empirical base of research questionnaires of teaching staff of educational institutions through the prism of the viability of inclusive teaching methods in Perm Krai. The authors point to the shortcomings of the forms of interaction between the teaching staff and children with special needs in the development, conclude that the implementation of the communicative approach in education is the most effective method of interaction within the framework of the inclusive education program in the Russian Federation, provide recommendations for the successful implementation of this approach. The analysis showed that information and communication competence most successfully developed in the work of small groups, with the group use of the case method in the application of the model method of training, especially when using different variations of business games and technologies based on the use of information and communication electronic technologies.
New estates and social policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppe in the 19th century
Authors: Tuleshova Ulzhan Zhangeldynovna
Published: December 2020

In empire-building of the 19th century the Russian power had a priority task that was to build a uniform political and social system across all imperial territory which included absolutely different regions. The Kazakh steppe as a part of the empire represented a cultural type distinctive from the center, based on nomadic lifestyle. In the background of difficult methods of construction of the unified empire, one of important questions was the state policy promoting creation of a socio-political system in the Kazakh steppe which would be most approximate to the empire model. This paper investigates the nature of social changes and process of new estates formation (the nobility and honorable citizens) in the Steppe in the context of administrative, social policy of the Russian government. Social changes on the Kazakh lands began with transformation of the administrative-territorial structure of the region at the beginning of the 19th century. With introduction of new legally fixed form of political management and inclusion of the Kazakh region in the rang system of the empire traditional social order of Kazakhs was transformed, and new estates on an imperial sample as officials, noblemen and honorable citizens began to form. Actually the process of formation and character of these estates among Kazakh nomads differed from social groups of the settled and agricultural people. The symbiosis of traditional nomadic and imperial social features was observed, at that time the imperial government maintained distinctions among the incorporated groups. The important aspect in social transformation of the Kazakh steppe was incorporation of the Kazakh elite in privileged estates (the nobility and honorable citizens) of the Russian Empire. In this connection, the paper represents the process of entry of the Kazakh sultans into nobility of the empire and features of the Kazakh nobility. The paper also considers the process of adaptation of local population to new social transformations. Their study will allow to reveal characteristics of imperial methods in the region and perceptions of the new social system by the Kazakh population, extent of their identification with imperial estates.
Student science at Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education: results and prospects
Authors: Ivanov Dmitriy Victorovich , Gritskova Anna Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

Research activity of students is one of the main directions of scientific activity of the university. Student Scientific Society of the Samara State Social and Pedagogical University (hereinafter referred to as SSS SSPU) (curator - Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor A.V. Gritskova, Chairman - 5th year student of the Faculty of Natural Geography A.F. Pavlov) today unites more than 1350 students , which is about a third of the students. The collectives of the student scientific society formed at the faculties and interfaculty departments have achieved significant success and a high level of scientific research in various fields of knowledge. The activities of the student scientific society are provided by highly qualified teaching staff of scientific advisers.
The influence of technogenesis on the accumulation of chemical elements in the placental barrier of Tomsk Region women
Authors: Belyanovskaya Alexandra Igorevna , Baranovskaya Natalya Vladimirovna , Stankevich Svetlana Sergeevna , Laratte Bertrand , Perry Nicolas
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses general patterns of chemical elements accumulation in the placental tissue of residents of different Tomsk agglomeration settlements (Tomsk, Asino, the settlement of Mirny, the village of Moryakovsky Zaton) as well as of Tomsk districts (Sovetsky, Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Kirovsky) as an indicator that demonstrates a degree of human impact on the human health. The paper describes possible sources of chemical elements in the human body, depending on residence area. The chemical elements were determined to the maximum (the concentration coefficient exceeds 1,5) accumulated in the tissues of the residents of each settlement. For Tomsk they are Au, As, La, U, Br, for the village of Moryakovsky Zaton La, As, Ca, Sc, for the village of Mirny Hf, Sm, Ce, Au; in the city of Asino Eu reaches the maximum concentration coefficient that equals to 1,2. According to the study, the authors assumed that in the barrier system of the placenta, as in the protective mechanism of the body, chemical elements accumulate selectively, depending on their release from the environment. In the specific accumulation of elements, the so-called geochemical face of each studied area appears.
Distribution of heavy metals in cutover peat bog soils
Authors: Novosyolova Elena Sergeevna , Shikhova Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Lisitsin Evgeny Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the research results on content of total and mobile heavy metals compounds (lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc) in soils of the cutover peat bog Zenginsky located in the central part of the Kirov Region. As a result of the conducted researches it is revealed that the content of elements in different peat layers in control site (zinc up to 2,60; copper up to 0,90; lead up to 5,60; cadmium up to 0,59 mg/kg of soil) does not exceed the level of their maximum-permissible concentration and background contents in soils of the Kirov Region. For the undeveloped site the increased content of total and mobile compounds of the studied metals in the top layers is noted; it can be caused by biogenous accumulation of these elements by plants. The developed soils (the drained sites) are characterized by considerable fluctuations of elements content both in different profiles, and in the different layers of the same profile. Here the maximum content of elements in separate layers is much higher than control (zinc up to 126,0; copper up to 34,0; lead up to 17,0; cadmium up to 1,2 mg/kg of soil). Economic use of the peat bogs leads to an active mineralization of the top part of the remained peat mass. As a result of these processes stability of biogeochemical cycles of separate elements is broken. At the same time, the received data allow to consider soils of control sites as indicators of surrounding environment condition. The good safety of peat deposits gives the opportunity to study processes of accumulation and migration of chemical elements.
The problem of the Paleolithic to Mesolithic transition on the Upper and Middle Don River
Authors: Bessudnov Alexander Nikolaevich , Bessudnov Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The youngest Upper Palaeolithic sites in the Upper and Middle Don Valley have radiocarbon dates about 1312 ka BP (Borshchevo 2, Divnogorye 1, 9). Lithic assemblages of these sites are characterized by the presence of backed implements, end-scrapers on blades, burins on truncation which are distinctive features for the final stage of the Eastern Epigravettian. The sites that could be undoubtedly associated with the Final Palaeolithic are not represented in the region. Several Early Mesolithic sites discovered during two last decades have radiocarbon dates about 109 ka BP. Geometric microliths, burins of different types, circular end-scrapers and some pointes and chisels are typical for toolkits. Although at least 2000 years separate Palaeolithic and Mesolithic settlements there are some similarities in technical and typological characteristics of its lithic assemblages. Various scenarios of the Mesolithic formation and its probable origin are discussed in the paper. The most preferable is the point of view that there is no continuity between the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, and the appearance of the Mesolithic population can be explained by migrations from neighboring territories.
The revolutionary-Bolshevik Maria Oskarovna Aveide as a leader of the youth movement in Samara in 1917–1918
Authors: Gorshenin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the activities of the revolutionary and teacher Maria Oskarovna Aveide aimed at promoting the ideas of Marxism among boys and girls during the pre-revolutionary period in Samara. The author establishes her role in creation of the youth Bolshevik organization Agitator group of youth in Samara on the eve of the October revolution. The paper also examines the multifaceted activities of this youth organization in the political life of the city in 19171918: participation in the development of the first Soviet departments, military action against the counterrevolutionaries, the propaganda of revolutionary ideas among the workers, campaigning during the preparation for the elections to the Constituent Assembly, clandestine activities in the period of domination of the Czech legionnaires in Samara. The author also reveals the character of the ideological and theoretical training, which was carried out by M.O. Aveide and invited experienced Bolsheviks. The paper is based on the study of the documents of the federal (State Archive of the Russian Federation) and regional (Samara Regional State Archive of Socio-Political History and the Central State Archive of the Samara Region) archives, as well as the memories of this revolutionarys students. This study allows to establish the contribution of M.O. Aveide in the organization and the ideological content of the predecessor of Komsomol.
The «second virgin land» performance: an attempt to implement the «super program» in the Orenburg Region
Authors: Pakhomova Elena Vitalyevna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses complex problems of the second virgin land performance livestock production development. The study analyzes specific conditions in the late 1950s when a massive campaign began; it was widely covered in the periodicals. The author and ideological inspirer of the new project was N.S. Khrushchev, he believed that the farms established on the virgin lands had all the necessary resources for the effective development of the livestock industry. In this regard, in the paper, special attention is paid to the study of a real state of affairs in state farms organized shortly before as well as their potential capabilities identification. At the same time, feature characteristics of the second virgin land performance on the territory of the Orenburg Territory were noted. The information given in this paper allows us to trace the dynamics of animal husbandry development in the virgin regions. We study the impact of the campaign on the development of traditional pasture and stall (stall-pasture) livestock, characterized by the main ways to improve production efficiency. We raise a problem of providing virgin lands with human resources specialists demanded directly in the livestock industry. The conducted research allows us to assume that the result of the second virgin land performance was a unique experience; however, the results of this campaign are mixed.
Development of foreign philological students’ pedagogical competences by the course «Professiogram of a Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language»
Authors: Filippova Olga Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the role of the discipline Professiogram of a teacher of Russian as a foreign language (variable part of Curriculum 45.03.01 Philology, major Teaching Russian as a foreign language) for the development of foreign philological students pedagogical competences. The demand for Russian philological education among foreign students is largely due to the desire to continue teaching. Federal state educational standard of higher education for Curriculum 45.03.01 Philology involves the development of a number of pedagogical competencies that are important for prospective teachers of Russian. To develop necessary competencies and to become a successful specialist it is necessary to get a set of knowledge and skills, culture and experience, which is the professiogram of the teacher of Russian as a foreign language. The paper also deals with the specifics of the academic discipline Professiogram of a Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language and defines the conceptual content, principles and form of practical work. The basis of pedagogical competencies development is a complex of knowledge about requirements for professional activity and personality of the teacher, pedagogical abilities as well as components of pedagogical skills. The specificity of the discipline Professiogram of a Teacher of Russian as a Foreign Language is that it develops communicative personality of a prospective teacher. The paper contains examples of practice-oriented tasks.
Ecological and biological characteristics of Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. in Mordovia
Authors: Labutina Marina Viktorovna , Maskaeva Tatiana Aleksandrovna , Chegodaeva Nina Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses some of the ecological and biological characteristics of a perennial herbaceous plant Polygonatum multiflorumseeds. Liliaceae. It is of interest due to the fact that the number of this species of the forest-steppe zone is reduced due to the increasing anthropogenic load. In addition,P.multiflorumis a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant. The studies were conducted in 20162017 on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, in the surroundings of large and provincial cities. The study revealed the spatial and age structure of the four coenopopulations plants. The general terms of the vegetationP.multiflorumand the duration of the individual stages of plant development were determined. The level of potential and actual fruit formation is established.P.multiflorumplants were found scattered or in groups, but most often, the density was 34 individuals/m. The studied coenopopulationsP.multiflorumare mostly normal, full-term. Renewal can be carried out both due to seeds and vegetatively. The latter is observed under favorable conditions for theP.multiflorumof existence. The studies have confirmed the view that theP.multiflorumis a fairly vulnerable forest species and there is a real risk of loss of the natural gene pool of this wild plant.
A comparative analysis of the spatial distribution of salinity and biomass of nekton and nektobenthos in the estuaries of the large plain river Razdolnaya and the mountain river Sukhodol (the Sea of Japan)
Authors: Milovankin Pavel Gennadyevich , Kataykina Olga Igorevna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the two estuaries of the large flat river Razdolnaya and the mountain river Sukhodol (the Sea of Japan). The data of hydrological surveys on these estuaries are presented and the distribution zones of waters of different salinity are shown. The graphs of changes in the biomass of some hydrobionts along the river are given. The studies have shown that water with a salinity of 5% penetrates the Razdolnaya River up to the main channel for 15 km. In the Sukhodol River, it happens that almost the entire estuary is occupied by salt water, and fresh water is traced in a layer of water no more than 0,5 m thick, no closer than 500 m to the mouth of the river. In the Razdolnaya River, there is a tendency for the growth of hydrobiont catches from the outer estuary to the inner one (from the sea to the river) to maximum values at a distance of 5 km from the mouth, followed by a gradual descent upstream. In the Sukhodol River, the specific biomass gradually decreases from the top of the river to a minimum of 0,4 km from the mouth with a sharp increase in the area of the mouth itself (the mouth of the lagoon and the sea coast) and the subsequent smooth decrease. The specific biomass of hydrobionts in the inner estuaries of the Razdolnaya and Sukhodol rivers was 6,7 and 4,0 g/m respectively.
Environment features and protective behavior of chortobionts and dendrobionts species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Pavlov Sergey Ivanovich , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich , Miniyarov Farit Talgatovich
Published: December 2020

During 19742016, the protective behavior of 14 background species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) was studied within the Central and North-Eastern areas of the Samara Region: 7 inhabitants of open areas and 7 dendrobionts. During the 40-year period of the research, fine measurements of the microclimate of the grassland of steppes, meadows, ruderal vegetation and agrocoenoses, as well as forest stands, stakes and forest belts on 18 similar parameters were carried out. The qualitative microclimatic components of the boundaries of motor activity of insects in the environment of their typical habitats are determined; the rhythm and dependence of leaf eaters on the weather conditions of the natural environment are estimated; the types of protective adaptations, series of behavioral manifestations under the action of abiotic and biotic (mainly predators) agents of the environment are elucidated. The modes of the dominant effects on the body the level of illumination, humidity regime, the strength of wind flows are revealed. Adaptations, passive and active motor protective reactions of leaf beetles in response to the action of 3 types of influences are considered. It has been found that for species existing in a certain climatic continuum there is a significant degree of tolerance to environmental factors prevailing in this biotope. In addition to the real protective motor reactions in the active phases of leaf beetles there is a whole system of congenital morphological and physiological adaptations that allow insects to experience many negative environmental influences.
The Revolution and Civil War in Russia in Canadian historiography
Authors: Bandilet Sergey Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

This paper is devoted to perception of the February Revolution, the October revolution and the Civil War in Russia in Canadian historiography. The paper considers, firstly, works of historians Canadian citizens, secondly, works of scientists from other countries who have worked in Canada for a long time and, thirdly, works of foreigners, who published in Canadian scientific journals. All of the above works can be divided into three groups. Firstly, these are fundamental works on the history of the Russian Revolution and Civil War. Secondly, these are works devoted to foreign intervention in Russia and Canadian participation of Canada in this intervention. Thirdly, these are works relating to other particular aspects of this subject. The authors of all considered works refer to the February Revolution as an important step for democracy in Russia. Canadian historiography mainly condemns the October Revolution and criticizes Bolsheviks for authoritarianism and radicalism. The attitude of Canadian scientists to the White Guards is ambiguous. On the one hand, there is a certain sympathy for the Whites as allies of the Entente (and Canada). But on the other hand, the Whites are condemned for their ill-conceived domestic policies and for inability to reach a compromise with each other. The Canadian historiography of the 19171922 events in Russia is now practically unexplored, and therefore it is of scientific interest.
«I have preserved my homeland, and here I am, like in my homeland»: features of ethnocultural identification and sociocultural integration of Samara Tajiks
Authors: Iagafova Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the study results of the Tajik diaspora in Samara Region. The features of ethnic identification and socio-cultural adaptation of the community members were identified. The study is based on the materials from a field survey conducted in the region in 20182019, using qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative methods (questionnaires). The methodology of the paper is based on theoretical and methodological developments in the field of diasporal research. The main factors of ethnocultural identification of Samara Tajiks are the language, community of origin and elements of ethnic culture represented in family-kinship communication, as well as in the public space of the region. Ethnic (Tajik) priorities in the construction of sociocultural space provide the functionality and reproduction of the cultural and linguistic characteristics of community members and determine the tendency to interethnic isolation. At the same time, contacts with the surrounding multiethnic population and the orientation towards integration into the local environment (to get education, citizenship, work, arrange living) destroy mono-ethnicity of Samara Tajiks social ties, primarily those of the young generation born in Russia. The study showed that the strategy of socio-cultural integration of Samara Tajiks is based on the preservation of ethnocultural identity, on the one hand, and the perception of the social characteristics of the host community, on the other.
Results of monitoring of natural and anthropogenic agro ecosystems transformation in the Voronezh Region for the period of agricultural environmental management
Authors: Almobarak Falak , Mezhova Lydia Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the theoretical analysis of peculiarities of agricultural nature management influence on the components of natural environment in the Voronezh Region. A retrospective analysis of soil research reveals a degree of its degradation. Dynamics of agro ecosystems development and the degree of change in the natural background of vegetation are determined; the peculiarities of agricultural impact are shown. The value of land resources in the Voronezh Region is determined by their fertility. The State Center of Agrochemical Service Voronezh and the State Station of Agrochemical Service Talovskaya control the structure, dynamics and condition of soils. As a result, soils of agro ecosystems on phosphorus, potassium, humus, acidity, heavy metals, mineral fertilizers and pesticides are comprehensively monitored. The Land Committee for the Voronezh Region reveals violations of the land legislation. Agro ecosystems have an unclosed cycle of biogenic elements. This is related to the loss of nutrients during harvesting and the activation of erosion processes. Changes in the balance of basic soil nutrients reduce the quality and yield of crops. Agro ecological monitoring includes systematic observation, study and analysis. In this regard, there is a need for research into the significant magnitude of the associated factors. The existing system of regional monitoring is based on the repeatability of soil, agrochemical and bacteriological studies of agroecosystems. Both continuous and local agro monitoring is conducted. It should be noted that agroecosystems of the region are insufficiently provided with biogenic elements, microelements and in this connection there is a need to create a model of balanced agricultural environmental management.