bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of translocations of the greater stick-nest rat (Leporillus conditor): lessons learnt to facilitate ongoing recovery
Authors: Short Jeff , Copley Peter , Ruykys Laura , Morris Keith , Read John , Moseby Katherine
Published: September 2019

Abstract Greater stick-nest rats were widely distributed across southern Australia in pre-European times, but only survived as a single population on the Franklin Islands in South Australia. Conservation efforts since 1983 have included survey of the remaining population, establishment of a captive colony and subsequent translocations to both island and mainland sites. Translocations have met with mixed success, with four of 10 (three islands and one mainland site) successful and extant for 19–28 years, five unsuccessful (one island and four mainland sites) and one as yet indeterminate. Overall, the increase in number of populations, area of occupancy and extent of occurrence has been positive, and has resulted in a down-listing of conservation status. There are numerous plausible explanations for the lack of success at some sites, but few data to differentiate among them. These plausible explanations include: the release of stick-nest rats to habitats of poor quality; high levels of predation (perhaps hyperpredation) by native predators (chiefly monitors and predatory birds) in combination, at some sites, with predation by feral cats or foxes; and ineffective release protocols. Most extant populations have undergone substantial fluctuations over time, and some show apparent long-term declines in abundance, likely increasing their probability of local extinction over time. There is a need for regular ongoing monitoring – of stick-nest rats themselves, their habitat and their suite of potential predators – to aid interpretation of outcomes. A more experimental approach to future releases is required to adjudicate among competing explanations for such declines.
Movements, space use and site fidelity of translocated and resident mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Authors: Smedley David C. , van de Kerk Madelon , McMillan Brock R. , Hersey Kent R. , Whiting Jericho C. , Larsen Randy T.
Published: September 2019

Abstract
ContextTranslocation of wildlife has become common practice for wildlife managers charged with management of animals on increasingly modified landscapes. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a species of great interest to the public in western North America, and individuals of this species have been translocated several times, but little has been done to document the outcomes of those translocations.
AimOur objective was to evaluate the movement, space use and site fidelity of translocated female mule deer in comparison with resident female deer in Utah, USA.
MethodsIn January and March 2013, 102 translocated and 50 resident female mule deer were captured and fitted with radio-transmitters. Movement distances, home range sizes and seasonal range sizes were compared, as well as site fidelity between translocated and resident deer.
Key resultsMean distance moved and mean annual home range size were significantly larger for translocated than resident deer in 2013, but not in 2014. Translocated deer demonstrated high site fidelity to their release areas. In total, 75% of surviving deer returned during the fall (September–November) migration to winter range within 7km of release sites.
ConclusionsOur results indicate that home range sizes and movements of translocated deer are larger than those of resident deer during the first year after release, but during the second year after release, home range sizes and movements of translocated deer are similar to those of resident deer.
ImplicationsThe similar home range sizes and movements of translocated and resident deer >1 year after release, as well as the high site fidelity we observed, suggests that translocation is a strategy managers could use to establish or augment populations of mule deer on winter range.
Transcriptional control of lung alveolar type 1 cell development and maintenance by NK homeobox 2-1
Authors: Little Danielle R. , Gerner-Mauro Kamryn N. , Flodby Per , Crandall Edward D. , Borok Zea , Akiyama Haruhiko , Kimura Shioko , Ostrin Edwin J. , Chen Jichao
Published: September 2019

The extraordinarily thin alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell constitutes nearly the entire gas exchange surface and allows passive diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. Despite such an essential role, the transcriptional network controlling AT1 cells remains unclear. Using cell-specific knockout mouse models, genomic profiling, and 3D imaging, we found that NK homeobox 2-1 (Nkx2-1) is expressed in AT1 cells and is required for the development and maintenance of AT1 cells. WithoutNkx2-1, developing AT1 cells lose 3 defining features—molecular markers, expansive morphology, and cellular quiescence—leading to alveolar simplification and lethality. NKX2-1 is also cell-autonomously required for the same 3 defining features in mature AT1 cells. Intriguingly,Nkx2-1mutant AT1 cells activate gastrointestinal (GI) genes and form dense microvilli-like structures apically. Single-cell RNA-seq supports a linear transformation ofNkx2-1mutant AT1 cells toward a GI fate. Whole lung ChIP-seq shows NKX2-1 binding to 68% of genes that are down-regulated uponNkx2-1deletion, including 93% of known AT1 genes, but near-background binding to up-regulated genes. Our results place NKX2-1 at the top of the AT1 cell transcriptional hierarchy and demonstrate remarkable plasticity of an otherwise terminally differentiated cell type.
More than one way out
Authors: Poletto Cecilia
Published: September 2019

In this article I will show that there is not a single diachronic path that leads to the loss of the verb second property so that different languages can have different ways towards a non V2 grammar. I will also show that the progressive loss of subject inversion contexts is not the only factor that played a role in the change, because there are V2 languages in which nominal subject inversion was never attested but they are still V2, i.e. they have I to C movement. I will identify various factors which may play a role and are related to the type of verb second found in different languages. I will consider various types of factors and show that they can play a role or not in the loss of V2 depending on the type of V2 that the language displays. I will also identify an additional factor that has not been considered in the literature namely the type of complementizer system: a change in this area can contribute to destabilizing the V2 grammar.
On the left periphery of three languages of Northern Italy
Authors: Cognola Federica
Published: September 2019

Through a focus on the properties of subject-finite verb inversion and XP fronting in three relaxed V2 languages, namely Cimbrian, Ladin and Mòcheno, this paper aims to widen and refine our understanding of relaxed V2 languages, i.e. languages in which the V2 property should be understood in a technical sense as obligatory V-to-C movement, not as a simple description referring to linearisation (Benincà 2006,2013;Ledgeway 2016). It will be shown that inversion differs across relaxed V2 languages in two ways. In a first subtype, inversion is not associated with any marked pragmatic interpretation of the lexical subject and the subject appears in an A position in the IP area: this type is instantiated by Old Italian (Benincà 2006,Poletto 2014). A second option, instantiated by the languages considered in this paper, is that the lexical subject receives a pragmatically marked interpretation which is encoded in a Functional Projection (FP) in thevP periphery (Belletti 2004,Poletto 2006). This paper confirms that V3/V4 word orders involve the presence of a double articulation for foci and wh-elements, which appear in different positions in the CP layer in relaxed V2 languages (Poletto 2002,Wolfe 2015 a,b). It also contributes to our understanding of the syntax of topics in relaxed V2 languages by showing that (i) topics can be moved to CP and (ii) the movement option is not restricted to main clauses lacking an XP in the left periphery; it also occurs in interrogative clauses (unlike in the relaxed V2 varieties considered inWalkden 2014,2015).
Classical spiral spin liquids as a possible route to quantum spin liquids
Authors: Niggemann Nils , Hering Max , Reuther Johannes
Published: September 2019

Quantum spin liquids are long-range entangled phases whose magnetic correlations are determined by strong quantum fluctuations. While an overarching principle specifying the precise microscopic coupling scenarios for which quantum spin-liquid behavior arises is unknown, it is well-established that they are preferably found in spin systems where the corresponding classical limit of spin magnitudes

exhibits a macroscopic ground state degeneracy, so-called classical spin liquids. Spiral spin liquids represent a special family of classical spin liquids where degenerate manifolds of spin spirals form closed contours or surfaces in momentum space. Here, we investigate the potential of spiral spin liquids to evoke quantum spin-liquid behavior when the spin magnitude is tuned from the classical

limit to the quantum S  =  1/2 case. To this end, we first use the Luttinger–Tisza method to formulate a general scheme which allows one to construct new spiral spin liquids based on bipartite lattices. We apply this approach to the two-dimensional square lattice and the three-dimensional hcp lattice to design classical spiral spin-liquid phases which have not been previously studied. By employing the pseudofermion functional renormalization group (PFFRG) technique we investigate the effects of quantum fluctuations when the classical spins are replaced by quantum S  =  1/2 spins. We indeed find that extended spiral spin-liquid regimes change into paramagnetic quantum phases possibly realizing quantum spin liquids. Remnants of the degenerate spiral surfaces are still discernible in the momentum-resolved susceptibility, even in the quantum S  =  1/2 case. In total, this corroborates the potential of classical spiral spin liquids to induce more complex non-magnetic quantum phases.
Hysteresis effect in current–voltage characteristics of Ni/n-type 4H-SiC Schottky structure*
Authors: Yuan Hao , Song Qing-Wen , Han Chao , Tang Xiao-Yan , He Xiao-Ning , Zhang Yu-Ming , Zhang Yi-Men
Published: September 2019

Hysteresis current–voltage (I–V) characteristics are often observed in a highly non-ideal (n > 2) as-deposited nickel (Ni)/4H-SiC Schottky contact. However, we find that this kind of hysteresis effect also exists in an as-deposited Ni/n-type 4H-SiC Schottky structure even if the ideality factor (n) is less than 1.2. The hysteresis I–V characteristics is studied in detail in this paper by using the various measurements including the hysteresis I–V, sequential I–V sweeping, cycle I–V, constant reverse voltage stress (CRVS). The results show that the hysteresis I–V characteristics are strongly dependent on the sweeping voltage and post-deposition annealing (PDA). The high temperature PDA (800 °C) can completely eliminate this hysteresis. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the hysteresis effect is shown to decrease in the sequential I–V sweeping measurement, which is attributed to the fact that the electrons tunnel from the 4H-SiC to the localized states at the Ni/n-type 4H-SiC interface. It is found that the application of the reverse bias stress has little effect on the emission of those trapped electrons. And a fraction of the trapped electrons will be gradually released with the time under the condition of air and with no bias. The possible physical charging mechanism of the interface traps is discussed on the basis of the experimental findings.
Imitation modeling of antenna of a hydroacoustic communication channel
Authors: Filippov B I , Shchedrina A S
Published: September 2019

The energy calculation of the hydroacoustic communication channel is divided into a number of interrelated stages: the choice of the operating frequency of the communication line; selection of sonar antennas; determination of the acoustic power of the signal. Experimental studies of hydroacoustic systems require significant financial costs. Therefore, recently, in order to reduce these costs, simulation models of individual nodes or even of the entire hydroacoustic system as a whole are resorted to. This work is devoted to the simulation modeling of a hydroacoustic channel antenna. A schematic diagram of the SKOL-2000R hydroacoustic antenna model is given, and the operating parameters of this model are chosen so that the resonant frequency of the model coincides with the resonant frequency of the original 29.6 kHz.
Models of recognition operators defined in the space of large dimension attributes
Authors: Mirzaev N M , Yu Khaydarova M , Mirzaeva G R , Ibragimova S N
Published: September 2019

The problems of constructing modified recognition operators are considered taking into account the high dimensionality of the feature space. As a basic algorithm, models of recognition algorithms based on radial functions are considered. The main idea of the model of modified recognition operators is the formation of independent subsets of interrelated objects and the allocation of basic objects for each subset of tightly coupled objects. A distinctive feature of the proposed model of algorithms is to determine the appropriate set of distance functions when building a model of discriminating operators. To test the performance of the proposed object model, experimental studies were carried out in solving a number of problems. The main advantage of the proposed recognition operators is the improvement of accuracy and a significant reduction in the volume of computational operations in recognition of unknown objects, which allows them to be used in the construction of recognition systems operating in real time.
Approaches to solving the problem of fuzzy parametric programming in weakly structured objects
Authors: Muhamediyeva D T , Niyozmatova N A
Published: September 2019

The article discusses approaches to solving parametric programming problems with fuzzy initial information, in the case when the constraints and the objective function depend on many parameters. The paper considers an approach in which parameters can be expressed in a more general form of fuzzy sets of their possible values. In this way, we get a new type of mathematical optimization problems containing fuzzy parameters. In this chapter, the consideration of linear optimization problems based on this approach is the essence of fuzzy linear programming.
Approaches to the construction of nonlinear models in fuzzy environment
Authors: Muhamediyeva D T , Sayfiyev J
Published: September 2019

The Bayesian methods to the problems of statistical estimation when building nonlinear models are considered. Bayesian methods can be used to construct linear and nonlinear regression models with non-Gaussian laws for the distribution of probabilities of random observation errors. We consider continuous and discrete processes that can be described by statistical models. For this purpose, a description of computational Bayesian procedures and recommendations for the construction of nonlinear regression models are given introduction.
Assessment of the loaded state of the piston unit cylinder stage taking into account of temperature exposure
Authors: Aistov I P , Vansovich K A
Published: September 2019

The article assesses the stress-strain state of the cylinder low-speed stage long-stroke piston unit are loading with an internal pressure of the working medium taking into account the temperature loads of its walls. The results of the analysis of the long-stroke piston unit low-speed stage cylinder are compressor unit show a significant effect of the temperature of the cylinder wall on their deformation. The analysis allows for optimal design of the piston unit low-speed stage cylinder stages under conditions of temperature loads, taking into account its actual deformed state.
Numerical simulation of gas exchange in two-stroke engine
Authors: Borisenko I V , Grishin Y A
Published: September 2019

In searching of new ways for increasing piston engine`s efficiency, power and torque and reducing emission, this article reveals non-traditional problem`s solving – using two-stroke piston with valves gas exchange mechanism instead of modern four-stroke piston engine for improving such characteristics as power-to-weight ratio, efficiency and fuel consumption with emission reducing. Numerical simulations were made in two different programs: Diesel-RK and AVL FIRE WorkFlow Manager. All the calculations validated to each other. This is not only numerical simulation of some new piston engine`s construction, but also working method of designing and improving piston engines with such constructions and type of working processes.
Numerical and experimental analysis of deformation and destruction of structurally heterogeneous joint assembly
Authors: Filippova Yu F , Doronin S V
Published: September 2019

This work is devoted to analysis of deformation and destruction of structurally heterogeneous joint assembly. The mathematical formulation of interacting parts of joint assembly is investigated. Logical and computational model of joint assembly presents various modes of its destruction and describes impairment conditions because of different damage states.
On the propagation of waves in dissipative layered cylindrical bodies
Authors: Marassulov A M , Sarsenov B T , Maulenov S S
Published: September 2019

In work questions of distribution of characteristic waves in the dissipative stratified cylindrical bodies interacting with deformable (viscoelastic) environments are considered. The dynamic behavior of cylindrical bodies is described by the equations of a mechanics of continua. The spectral task comes down to the solution of system of ordinary differential equations of first order with variable complex coefficients. The solution of system of differential equations is expressed by means of Bessel and Hankel’s cylindrical higher transcendental functions. The frequenciest equations are solved numerically by methods of Müller and Gauss. Change of a natural frequency and phase speed depending on a wave number is investigated. For dissipative heterogeneous mechanical systems nonmonotone dependence of imaginary parts of phase speeds on wave numbers is found.
Vibration and shock tests of magnetoactive elastomers
Authors: Ja Minaev A , Korovkin Ju V , Valiev H H
Published: September 2019

The results of the study magnetic elastomers samples on vibrating stands are presented. For the test materials amplitude-frequency characteristics were obtained. The shift of the resonant frequencies under the influence of external magnetic fields was determined. Based on the data obtained, a damper device is proposed that is controlled in an automatic mode. The characteristics of experimental oscillograms of impacts, which can be used to create shock-damping devices, are analyzed.
Optimization of the quality parameters of the transition process in hydraulic pressure regulators
Authors: Syrkin V V , Abramova I A , Galuza Yu F , Treyer V A
Published: September 2019

In direct-acting hydraulic regulators, the source of harmful self-oscillations of pressure in hydraulic systems may be their own damping of these regulators. Their elimination is possible by decreasing the valve gain coefficient according to the flow rate, which is determined by the magnitude of the fluid flow increment per unit of displacement of the regulator when the working fluid is throttled in the valve itself.

The article discusses the possibility of optimizing the quality parameters of transient processes in pressure regulators with the help of their integral evaluation using the example of optimization of the gain coefficient for the flow rate and the damping coefficient. It is established that the reduction of the gain is most appropriate for its large values. A further decrease in this ratio slightly improves the quality of the transition process, and may worsen the flow characteristic of the steady-state controller due to excessive displacement of the regulator. The tests confirmed the validity of this assessment of the quality of dynamic processes in the transient modes of these regulators.
On radicals and coordinate partial orders
Authors: Yu Nikitin A
Published: September 2019

The solution of equations and systems of equations over real, complex, rational and integer numbers is a classic topic of research in various areas of mathematics for several thousand years. In the last 20 years, the so-called universal algebraic geometry has been actively developed, in which systems of equations over arbitrary algebraic systems are researched. Many practically important problems on finite graphs, finite fields, and finite orders can be formulated as problems related to solving systems of equations over these systems, which leads to the need to develop algebraic geometry. Many modern models of informational defence represents by graphs and partial orders (posets). This article presents polynomial algorithms for constructing radical and coordinate partial order of systems of equations over finite partial orders in a language without constants.
Assessment of accuracy in calculations of network motif concentration by Rand ESU algorithm
Authors: Yudina M N
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the problem of calculating the frequency of network motifs with a help of Rand-ESU algorithm. We have established that while using a Rand-ESU algorithm, it is necessary to cut off (to thin out) the network motifs only on the last level of ESU-tree (and therefore, an implementation of the algorithm requires the construction of almost entire ESU-tree). Examples of calculations are given, they demonstrate, that other strategies to cut-off sampling lead to larger distance errors in calculation.
Intellectual training algorithm of expert system’s knowledge base at weakly structured problem area
Authors: Blagodatsky G A , Vologdin S V , Gorohov M M , Perevedencev D A
Published: September 2019

The development of a mathematical algorithm for the self-learning of the intellectual system (IS) for the management of science-intensive projects for the creation of complex technical objects is considered. IS training occurring by optimizing the knowledge base rules using machine learning methods. This will increase the effectiveness of decision support in the implementation of science-intensive projects and the adaptation of the recommendations of the IS on the request of the decision-maker. Based on the analysis and markup of the available data, as well as the formulated requirements for the algorithm, the algorithm of regression and classification (CART) trees is chosen because of its high speed and the possibilities of formalizing the obtained dependencies in the format of production rules. In accordance with the requirements set, the training parameters were determined and the efficiency of the algorithm for classifying scientific projects for a given number of classes and for formulating new dependencies of the knowledge base was checked. A general scheme for processing the user’s request with the described functionality of the intelligent module is presented.
Development of the automatic supervisory control system based on fuzzy inference
Authors: Denisova L A , Alekseytsev D M , Meshcheryakov V A
Published: September 2019

The development of the supervisory control system designed to ensure the automatic stabilization of the petroleum processing parameters in a multi-flow furnace is considered. The structure of the subsystem that generates the setpoints of the local flow controllers in order to optimize technological processes is proposed. The supervisory subsystem is designed to minimize two criteria of the controlled values. The genetic algorithm is used to tune the parameters of the fuzzy inference based supervisory subsystem. The description of the system implementation based on intelligent controllers is suggested as well as the results of system simulation in MATLAB.
The applied functional modeling of informative signals in informatively-analytical systems
Authors: Tsyganenko V N , Malkov O B , Belik A G
Published: September 2019

The relevance of subject consists in need to improve the reliability of analytical information at its use in control systems of different function. The aim of the work is to create the principles of modeling the primary informative signals used to determine applied complex analytical indicators, which allows solving the problems of forming the most effective control actions. For this purpose, the concept of applied functionality of quantitative information is introduced and a modeling system is proposed, which allows determining the estimates of continuous and discrete values at a given interval according to the criteria of maximum reliability of information presentation in information and analytical systems. The research on applied estimation of electric power on parameters of electric current is conducted. Thus, introduction of a semantic link between initial informative signals and resultant analytical indexes allows to increase their objectivity and reliability.
Classification and research of electro-technical devices with unclosed magnetic core
Authors: Andreeva E G , Gritsay A S
Published: September 2019

The article is describes the classification and study of the magnetic field and its power parameters for unclosed magnetic core electrotechnical devices. The ANSYS simulation software has been used. The features of structures based on an open-loop magnetic system (iron separators), an open magnetic system (concentrators), and a hybrid magnetic system are shown.The magnetic field patterns and force characteristics are obtained as a result of numerical calculations created on the finite element method (FEM) in the ANSOFT software. Results of experiment: the electrotechnical device with unclosed magnetic core allows due to its design and configuration, of the magnetic field, the use of concentrators with different attachments to improve the power parameters of the magnetic field, ponderomotive force and operational properties of these devices.
Improving the dynamics of a synchronous in-phase electric drive in transient modes of synchronization, phasing and control in response of reference signal changes
Authors: Bubnov A V , Chetverik A N , Chudinov A N , Shpineva V I
Published: September 2019

Synchronous in-phase electric drive is widely used in thermal-imaging and laser scanning systems due to their high accuracy and dynamic characteristics in a wide range of angular velocity control. The purpose of the article is to develop ways to control a synchronous-in-phase electric drive in the modes of synchronization, phasing and control in response of reference signal changes, allowing to improve the dynamic performance of the electric drive and reduce information loss in the scanning system. The method of electric drive phasing that is quasi-optimal in speed has been improved. Recommendations on the organization of transient processes with an abrupt change in the reference signal are formulated. For use in the electric drive control system, a circuit implementation of an impulse frequency-phase discriminator with an extended linear zone in the phase comparison mode has been proposed, it allows to improve the dynamic performance of the electric drive in the modes of synchronization, phasing and control in response of reference signal changes.
Determination wear intensity of electrical brushes in DC machines considering impact of collector’s surface
Authors: Kharlamov V V , Popov D I , Baysadykov M F
Published: September 2019

One of the most loaded units affecting the reliability of DC machines is the collector-brush unit. There is a continuous process of mechanical, electrical and chemical interaction of the electric brushes with the collector during operation of the DC motor, which increases the wear of the electric brushes. In a result of the analysis of the works, devoted to the study of the operation of the collector-brush unit’s elements, the authors proposed a mathematical model for determining the intensity of wear of electric brushes, which allows taking into account the effect of the collector profile on the electric brushes wear intensity. The basic data and dependencies for modelling the movement of the electric brush on the collector surface, which based on the design scheme, are presented. A distinctive feature of the developed scheme is that the elastic force at the contact of the brush with the surface of the collector is determined from the side of each collector plate. For the above scheme, a system of differential equations is compiled, allowing simulating the movement of the brush in the radial and tangential direction during its interaction with the surface of the collector. The resulting mathematical model allows us to determine the trajectory of the brush and the oscillations of the elastic force that occurs at the point of contact of the brush with the collector, with different parameters of the collector-brush unit’s elements and modes of operation of the machine, causing a certain frequency of rotation of the armature. Taking into account the above mathematical model, a software product has been developed for calculating the wear rate of DC motor electric brushes during its operation. The practical value of the work is that the use of the developed software allows you to find more optimal operating parameters for the collector-brush unit of DC motor with a minimum of time.
Probabilistic forecasting of sudden power supply interruptions of electromechanical and heat-power equipment of regionally isolated electrotechnical complex
Authors: Kovalev V Z , Vyazigin V L , Arhipova O V , Yesin S S
Published: September 2019

There is considered probabilistic forecasting of the most important characteristics of sudden power supply interruptions — damage and downtime of electromechanical and heat-and-power equipment — for process plants typical for installations of a regionally isolated electrotechnical complex. These specifications are considered as random functions of the power supply interruptions duration. A feature of the specifications considered is the presence of finite jumps when the power supply exceeds the critical values. Generalized theoretical equations are obtained for continuous functions of mathematical expectation and variance of process downtime and damage when there is any number of finite jumps of certain implementations and there is consideration of the discontinuity points as random variables with different distribution laws. The obtained specifications are used to optimize the cost of creating power supply systems considering their reliability.
Multicomponent Biofuels for Agricultural Diesel Machines
Authors: Markov V A , Kamaltdinov V G , Zykov S A , Savastenko A A
Published: September 2019

Biofuels derived from vegetable oils are increasingly used in diesel engines. The article analyzes the physicochemical properties of petroleum diesel fuel and biofuels of various compositions. A technique has been developed to optimize the composition of multicomponent composite biofuels for diesel engines of agricultural machinery. The optimal composition of a mixture of petroleum diesel fuel, rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester has been determined, providing the best combination of fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions. The optimization calculations made it possible to select the composition of a multicomponent mixed biofuel for the D-245.12S engine installed on domestic agricultural machines.
Analysis of Temperature Conditions Influence on Cables Insulation Operation Life
Authors: Pugach V N , Polyakov D A , Nikitin K I , Zakharov I L , Petukhova N N
Published: September 2019

Electrical equipment fault current interruptions reduce is one of the most important problems of electrical power engineering and diagnostics. Power cables operation life is one of the parameters mostly affecting fault current interruptions on cables. The paper describes the research on thermal degradation of low voltage cables insulating materials and its influence on insulation operation life. The known mathematical models of the insulation aging depending on its temperature are considered. Low voltage cables have an insignificant electrical aging influence, so it is assumed that such cables aging mostly caused by their thermal operating conditions. Experimental research of cables insulation temperature monitoring is performed. Seven weeks of the experiment showed a temperature change between 17˚C and 27˚C. The mean temperature was 21.9˚C. Assuming that cable has normal operation life with an average temperature of 20˚C and accounting thermal conditions cable insulation operation life is reduced for about 20%. Such operation life reduce is significant and shows a considerable influence of insulating material thermal deterioration.
Mathematical modeling of the magnetic field of a low-speed synchronous generator with permanent magnets
Authors: Tatevosyan A A
Published: September 2019

Increased scientific and practical interest in the development, design, research and implementation of low-speed synchronous generators with permanent magnets (SGPM) is caused by the need to completely equip various sectors of the economy with efficient renewable energy sources based on the principles of wind, hydro and pneumatic power. The impetus for the creative thinking of Russian and foreign science to create and introduce into production and operation new types of designs of magnetoelectric machines with excitation from permanent magnets was the emergence in the consumer market a wide range of available for use high-coercive permanent magnets based on rare earth elements of the alloy neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB). In this paper we propose a design of low-speed synchronous generator with permanent magnets, taking into account the full list of requirements for renewable energy sources, accumulated in the practical experience of developing such electromechanical converters. The article presents the results of mathematical modeling of the magnetic field of low-speed synchronous generator using the package Ansoft Maxwell 16.0.
Experimental method for identifying high-coercive permanent magnets
Authors: Tatevosyan A S , Tatevosyan A A , Pedder V V , Zaharova N V
Published: September 2019

A bench was developed and a method for identifiying a pilot batch of high-coercive permanent magnets (HcPM) made of the same brand of neodymium-iron-boron alloy (NdFeB) was proposed. The tested samples from the trial amount of HcPM have the shape of a disk, a rectangular prism and an axial direction of magnetization. The criterion for the identification of the HcPM in each trial amount is their identical volume magnetization, which is taken into account by the standard deviation of the constructed experimental curves of the interaction electromagnetic force for each test sample of a permanent magnet from the trial amount with a magnetic reflector when the distance between them changes. As a magnetic reflector, a more powerful permanent magnet with a disk shape and a height exceeding the height of the permanent magnet test sample is used. Neglecting the procedure of identification of the HcPM from the trial amount leads to disruption of the electromagnetic systems incorporating them, for example, during the development of synchronous electric machines inductors based on permanent magnets, shaft beating, increased vibration of the operating elements, an increase in radial and axial load on the bearings, reduced service life and failure of electric machines during operation are observed.
Reconstruction of Terrain based on corrected Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Korotin A S , Popov E V
Published: September 2019

The paper describes the method of reducing the errors, primarily caused by vegetation, in open digital models like Aster and SRTM. These models do not usually meet the requirements of hydrological correctness due to the errors of different origin. The main errors of DEM are the distortion of the tilt angles and the absolute altitude component in the areas occupied by forest vegetation. We propose the method for eliminating vegetation cover by a local interpolation function and Lagrange polynomial interpolation. The paper also considers the comparison of the proposed method with other methods such as Triangulation Irregular Network (TIN), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Natural Neighbor, Kriging, Radial Basis Functions.
Method of determining minimum area of residential development at different angles of rotation of buildings with allowance for insulation time length
Authors: Pritykin F N , Kurysheva E A
Published: September 2019

The paper proposes an analytical method for constructing the shadows of buildings and structures with the aim of using them in residential development planning. This method based on generalized coordinates and small movement synthesis of residential facilities allows finding the minimum construction area that meets the requirements of insulation regime. With this method the position of shadows relative to buildings is investigated at all iterations.
Modelling for the integer optimization of the production resources of the organization in the conditions of warranty support of goods
Authors: Ivanov V N
Published: September 2019

The article describes the economic and mathematical model to optimize the distribution of production resources of the organization in conditions of warranty support of goods. The model allows the integer assignment of such resources as, for example, equipment. The mathematical apparatus allows in a single system to consider the production of all goods from the nomenclature of the organization for each technological operation for each year of the project together with the warranty support of the goods. The system of limitations of the model, in addition to taking into account all items of possible costs, assumes the possibility of taking into account the impact of additional efforts aimed at ensuring quality in production on the subsequent volumes of work associated with the warranty.
Assortment analysis of shutter valves for spark ignition engines timing systems
Authors: Matla J
Published: September 2019

Continually tightened emission restrictions together with limited crude oil resources are factors driving more efficient fuel management strategies implementation. Such operations results in increase of internal combustion engine efficiency due to change in geometry and materials of existing systems as well as introducing new solutions. Over the years many approaches were taken. One of them was timing valve geometry optimization, which in case of conventional poppet valves is burden with number of restrictions. At this place some nonconventional designs might be introduced and one of them is so called shutter valve. Construction of shutter valve finds its roots in photographic industry where it is commonly used for exposition of photosensitive material for exactly determined period, enforcing very fast operation of mechanism similar like in case of valve train, which makes it suitable to adapt in engine timing system.
Study on the classification of actions aimed to reduce the fuel consumption of road vehicles in service
Authors: Luca L , Pasare M M , Dimitrov R , Luca T O
Published: September 2019

This paper addresses the major global problem of reducing fuel consumption in the transport sector. The authors present the results of a study on the use of a quality management tool - tree diagram. The actions aimed at reducing the fuel consumption of the road vehicles in operation have been identified and classified. A three-level tree diagram was developed to answer the question: How can fuel consumption be reduced? The chart provides a complete and suggestive picture of the actions to be taken to solve the proposed problem. The actions have been grouped into three corresponding categories for three specific objectives: the acquisition of a vehicle suitable for the needs; proper use of the vehicle (eco-driving); proper maintenance. The authors of the paper believe that the tree diagram obtained is a good tool for informing and raising the driver’s awareness of his role in reducing fuel consumption.
Study of the potential for reducing CO2 emissions from road transport in Bulgaria
Authors: Hristov R , Stefanov S
Published: September 2019

Environmental issues take an extremely important place in the life of modern society and the measures which individual states and organisations take to reduce the harmful effect of transport are essential. The report examines the legal framework and the actions taken by one of the European Union states - Bulgaria. As regards CO2 emissions, comparative results from a test of internal combustion engine fuelled with Petrol, LPG and CNG are shown. A survey was conducted to obtain the opinion of vehicle drivers on environmental issues and on introduction of cleaner vehicles - hybrid and electric vehicles. The results show that the reason for small electric vehicle sales is the lack of recharging points and the high price. The production, life and recycling of batteries are the other major issues noted in the survey. At present, the predominant production of electricity from thermal power stations using coals as a fuel does not give an advantage to electric transport, except to improve ecology in urban environment.
General Motors 6T automatic gearboxes - problems and methods for their removal
Authors: Stefanov S , Hristov R
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, with increased environmental requirements to improve fuel economy, it is important to work with both the ICE and the other elements of propulsion. This report describes how to operate automatic gearboxes and specially General Motors 6T. They are very widespread throughout the world and are used by many automotive manufacturers. The deficiencies encountered during the operation and the reasons for this are discussed. There was considered the opportunities for diagnosis, emerging operational problems and the options for their removal. It is suggested to replace parts exchange details of the construction in order to improve performance and reliability. The solenoids that control the switching are ON / OFF type or pressure regulators (with a progressive or regressive characteristic). A stand test of solenoids - pressure regulators has been done under cold and warm conditions. The test results are shown in tabular and graphical form. Using this method reduces the repair time of an automatic gearbox.
Analysis of the Capabilities of Pistons Design using SOLIDWORKS models
Authors: Petkov Delyan
Published: September 2019

The difficulty in designing internal combustion piston is determined by complex operating conditions. Piston is the busiest engine part. Combined mechanical and thermal loads work on it. Profiling the piston in two mutually perpendicular planes is a major part of its design. The shape of the piston in a cold state is quite different from the cylindrical one. The aim is, despite the varying amount of material in the various zones, when the working temperature reaches the piston to take cylindrical form, thus providing minimal clearance to the engine cylinder. Because it is a moving part, the parameters at work are hard to determine. There are studies of the piston temperature state, some of which are described and analysed.
Consequentialism in infinite worlds
Authors: Jonsson Adam , Peterson Martin
Published: September 2019

We show that in infinite worlds the following three conditions are incompatible: (1) The spatiotemporal ordering of individuals is morally irrelevant. (2) All else being equal, the act of bringing about a good outcome with a high probability is better than the act of bringing about the same outcome with a low probability. (3) One act is better than another only if there is a nonzero probability that it brings about a better outcome. The impossibility of combining these conditions shows that it is more costly to endorse (1) than has been previously acknowledged.
Maltreatment and Delinquency: Examining the Contexts of Offending Amongst Child Protection-Involved Children
Authors: Baidawi Susan , Sheehan Rosemary
Published: September 2019

Child protection-involved children experience disproportionately high criminal justice system contact, yet little is known about the circumstances in which such children offend. This study sought to identify the contexts in which this group of children offend and factors associated with children being charged in each context. A mixed-methods analysis of Children’s Court case files was conducted utilising a cross-sectional sample of 300 children who came before three Children’s Criminal Courts in Victoria, Australia, and who also had statutory Child Protection involvement. Three key contexts of offending were identified: adolescent family violence (AFV), residential care-based offending and group-based offending. A total of 33 per cent of children had engaged in AFV (23 per cent had AFV-related charges), 36 per cent of children ever placed in residential care acquired charges relating to their behaviour in these settings, while 44 per cent of children had engaged in group-based offending. More than one-third of children (38 per cent) also had criminal charges stemming from justice system interactions (e.g. resisting arrest). Children’s cumulative neurodevelopmental, mental health and substance abuse challenges correlated with offending in each context. Strategies to reduce youth justice contact amongst child protection-involved children should consider systems responses to AFV and behavioural challenges in residential care.
Development of New Antimicrobials for Urogenital Gonorrhea Therapy: Clinical Trial Design Considerations
Authors: Hook Edward W , Newman Lori , Drusano George , Evans Scott , Handsfield H Hunter , Jerse Ann E , Kong Fabian Y S , Lee Jeannette Y , Taylor Stephanie N , Deal Carolyn
Published: September 2019

Gonorrhea remains a major public health challenge, and current recommendations for gonorrhea treatment are threatened by evolving antimicrobial resistance and a diminished pipeline for new antibiotics. Evaluations of potential new treatments for gonorrhea currently make limited use of new understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic contributors to effective therapy, the prevention of antimicrobial resistance, and newer designs for clinical trials. They are hampered by the requirement to utilize combination ceftriaxone/azithromycin therapy as the comparator regimen in noninferiority trials designed to seek an indication for gonorrhea therapy. Evolving gonococcal epidemiology and clinical trial design constraints hinder the enrollment of those populations at the greatest risk for gonorrhea (adolescents, women, and persons infected with antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae). This article summarizes a recent meeting on the evaluation process for antimicrobials for urogenital gonorrhea treatment and encourages the consideration of new designs for the evaluation of gonorrhea therapy.