bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Plasma Jet Characteristics under Very Low-Pressure Plasma Spray Conditions
Authors: Zhang Tao , Mariaux Gilles , Vardelle Armelle , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: June 2021

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is an emerging technology for the deposition of uniform and large area coatings. As the characteristics of plasma jet are difficult to measure in the whole chamber, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations could predict the plasma jet temperature, velocity and pressure fields. However, as PS-PVD is generally operated at pressures below 500 Pa, a question rises about the validity of the CFD predictions that are based on the continuum assumption. This study dealt with CFD simulations for a PS-PVD system operated either with an argon-hydrogen plasma jet at low-power (<50 kW) or with an argon-helium plasma jet at high-power (≥50 kW). The effect of the net arc power and chamber pressure on the plasma jet characteristics and local gradient Knudsen number (Kn) was systematically investigated. The Kn was found to be lower than 0.2, except in the region corresponding to the first expansion shock wave. The peak value in this region decreased rapidly with an increase in the arc net power and the width of this region decreased with an increase in the deposition chamber pressure. Based on the results of the study, the local Knudsen number was introduced for detecting conditions where the continuum approach is valid under PS-PVD conditions for the first time and the CFD simulations could be reasonably used to determine a process parameter window under the conditions of this study.
Manipulation of Magnetization Reversal by Electric Field in a FePt/(011)PMN-PT/Au
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Yan Yaxin , Wen Jiahong , Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Dunhui
Published: June 2021

Electric field manipulation of magnetism and 180° magnetization reversal are crucial for realizing magnetic storage devices with low-power consumption. Here, we demonstrate that electric-field manipulation of magnetic anisotropy rotation is achieved by the strain-mediated magnetoelectric effect in a Fe50Pt50/(011)0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3/Au. The remanent magnetization and magnetic coercivity of the Fe50Pt50 film exhibit an obvious response with the change of the electric fields. Moreover, the reversible in-plane 180° magnetization reversal can be controlled by alternating on or off the electric field under a small bias magnetic field. These results suggest a promising application for realizing magnetoelectric random access memory (MeRAM) devices with low-power consumption.
Magnetism and Thermomechanical Properties in Si Substituted MnCoGe Compounds
Authors: Rahman Abdul Rashid Abdul , Md Din Muhamad Faiz , Wang Jianli , Suhaimi Nur Sabrina , Idris Nurul Hayati , Dou Shi Xue , Ismail Mohammad , Hassan Muhammad Zahir , Jusoh Mohd Taufik
Published: June 2021

MnCoGe-based compounds have been increasingly studied due to their possible large magnetocaloric effect correlated to the magnetostructural coupling. In this research, a comprehensive study of structure, magnetic phase transition, magnetocaloric effect and thermomechanical properties for MnCoGe1−xSix is reported. Room temperature X-ray diffraction indicates that the MnCoGe1−xSix (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) alloys have a major phase consisting of an orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure with increasing lattice parameter b and decreasing others (a and c) with increasing Si concentration. Along with M-T and DSC measurements, it is indicated that the Tc value increased with higher Si concentration and decreased for structural transition temperature Tstr. The temperature dependence of the magnetization curves overlaps completely, indicating that there is no thermal hysteresis, and it is shown that the transition is the second-order type. It is also shown that the decreased magnetization on the replacement of Si for Ge decreases the value of −ΔSM from −ΔSM~8.36 J kg−1 K−1 at x = 0 to −ΔSM~5.49 J kg−1 K−1 at x = 0.2 with 5 T applied field. The performed Landau theory has confirmed the second-order transition in this study, which is consistent with the Banerjee criterion. The magnetic measurement and thermomechanical properties revealed the structural transition that takes place with Si substitution of Ge.
A Previously Unrecognized Granulomatous Variant of Gamma-Delta T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Pukhalskaya Tatsiana , Smoller Bruce R. , Menke David M. , Sokumbi Olayemi
Published: June 2021

Primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL) is an extremely rare and aggressive T-cell neoplasm with complex heterogeneity. We present a series of two patients who presented with firm, subcutaneous nodules and were diagnosed with PCGD-TCL. In both cases, biopsies demonstrated a both superficial and deep adnexotropic infiltrate comprised of angiocentric, medium- to large-sized atypical lymphocytes. The infiltrate extended into the panniculus. Immuno–histochemical stains highlighted atypical lymphocytes that expressed CD3, CD8 and CD56 but were negative for EBV ISH. A brisk histiocytic response with focal aggregation into granulomas was highlighted with a PG-M1 stain. The atypical lymphocytes were positive for gene rearrangements on a TCR delta stain and negative for βF-1. CT and PET scan in one of the two patients demonstrated diffuse, subcutaneous, ground-glass foci; hypermetabolic soft tissue nodules; and lymphadenopathy in the lungs, as well as splenomegaly. A diagnosis of histiocyte-rich PCGD-TCL was rendered. A histiocyte-rich, granulomatous variant of γδ T-cell lymphoma is extremely rare. Its potentially misleading resemblance to inflammatory granulomatous conditions could pose a diagnostic pitfall in this already challenging condition. This variant may resemble granulomatous mycosis fungoides and granulomatous slack skin syndrome, but it has a distinct, aggressive clinical outcome.
Assessment of Classification Models and Relevant Features on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Using Random Forest
Authors: García-Carretero Rafael , Holgado-Cuadrado Roberto , Barquero-Pérez Óscar
Published: June 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. Certain conditions, including mild inflammation biomarkers, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, can trigger a progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition characterized by inflammation and liver cell damage. We demonstrate the usefulness of machine learning with a case study to analyze the most important features in random forest (RF) models for predicting patients at risk of developing NASH. We collected data from patients who attended the Cardiovascular Risk Unit of Mostoles University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) from 2005 to 2021. We reviewed electronic health records to assess the presence of NASH, which was used as the outcome. We chose RF as the algorithm to develop six models using different pre-processing strategies. The performance metrics was evaluated to choose an optimized model. Finally, several interpretability techniques, such as feature importance, contribution of each feature to predictions, and partial dependence plots, were used to understand and explain the model to help obtain a better understanding of machine learning-based predictions. In total, 1525 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 57.3 years, and 507 patients had NASH (prevalence of 33.2%). Filter methods (the chi-square and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests) did not produce additional insight in terms of interactions, contributions, or relationships among variables and their outcomes. The random forest model correctly classified patients with NASH to an accuracy of 0.87 in the best model and to 0.79 in the worst one. Four features were the most relevant: insulin resistance, ferritin, serum levels of insulin, and triglycerides. The contribution of each feature was assessed via partial dependence plots. Random forest-based modeling demonstrated that machine learning can be used to improve interpretability, produce understanding of the modeled behavior, and demonstrate how far certain features can contribute to predictions.
Generalized Correntropy Criterion-Based Performance Assessment for Non-Gaussian Stochastic Systems
Authors: Zhang Jinfang , Huang Guodou , Zhang Li
Published: June 2021

Control loop performance assessment (CPA) is essential in the operation of industrial systems. In this paper, the shortcomings of existing performance assessment methods and indicators are summarized firstly, and a novel evaluation method based on generalized correntropy criterion (GCC) is proposed to evaluate the performance of non-Gaussian stochastic systems. This criterion could characterize the statistical properties of non-Gaussian random variables more fully, so it can be directly used as the assessment index. When the expected output of the given system is unknown, generalized correntropy is used to describe the similarity of two random variables in the joint space neighborhood controlled and take it as the criterion function of the identification algorithms. To estimate the performance benchmark more quickly and accurately, a hybrid-EDA (H-EDA) combined with the idea of “wading across the stream algorithm” is proposed to obtain the system parameters and disturbance noise PDF. Through the simulation of a single loop feedback control system under different noise disturbances, the effectiveness of the improved algorithm and new indexes are verified.
Statistical Inference for Periodic Self-Exciting Threshold Integer-Valued Autoregressive Processes
Authors: Liu Congmin , Cheng Jianhua , Wang Dehui
Published: June 2021

This paper considers the periodic self-exciting threshold integer-valued autoregressive processes under a weaker condition in which the second moment is finite instead of the innovation distribution being given. The basic statistical properties of the model are discussed, the quasi-likelihood inference of the parameters is investigated, and the asymptotic behaviors of the estimators are obtained. Threshold estimates based on quasi-likelihood and least squares methods are given. Simulation studies evidence that the quasi-likelihood methods perform well with realistic sample sizes and may be superior to least squares and maximum likelihood methods. The practical application of the processes is illustrated by a time series dataset concerning the monthly counts of claimants collecting short-term disability benefits from the Workers’ Compensation Board (WCB). In addition, the forecasting problem of this dataset is addressed.
Implementation of a Single-Tooth Pre-Doctoral CAD/CAM Dentistry Curriculum at UIC: History, Description, SWOT Analysis, and Quantitative Evaluation
Authors: Vlagos Kristen , Salazar Daisy , Reale Andrea , Sukotjo Cortino , Clarke Stephanie , Campbell Stephen D. , Rodriguez Alexandra E.
Published: June 2021

A comprehensive CAD/CAM dentistry curriculum that includes broad aspects of single tooth restoration has been implemented at the University of Illinois College of Dentistry (COD) since 2010. The purpose of the program is to promote an educational environment that utilizes current technology to enhance the quality and efficiency of single-tooth dental treatment offered to patients, while also preparing graduating students to apply recent and future clinical advances. This article describes the history, organization, rationale, and objectives of the tooth-supported restorative aspects of our comprehensive pre-clinical and clinical CAD/CAM curriculum and presents the educational and clinical outcomes of this program.
Flow Characteristics of Preliminary Shutdown and Startup Sequences for a Model Counter-Rotating Pump-Turbine
Authors: Fahlbeck Jonathan , Nilsson Håkan , Salehi Saeed
Published: June 2021

Pumped Hydropower Storage (PHS) is the maturest and most economically viable technology for storing energy and regulating the electrical grid on a large scale. Due to the growing amount of intermittent renewable energy sources, the necessity of maintaining grid stability increases. Most PHS facilities today require a geographical topology with large differences in elevation. The ALPHEUS H2020 EU project has the aim to develop PHS for flat geographical topologies. The present study was concerned with the initial design of a low-head model counter-rotating pump-turbine. The machine was numerically analysed during the shutdown and startup sequences using computational fluid dynamics. The rotational speed of the individual runners was decreased from the design point to stand-still and increased back to the design point, in both pump and turbine modes. As the rotational speeds were close to zero, the flow field was chaotic, and a large flow separation occurred by the blades of the runners. Rapid load variations on the runner blades and reverse flow were encountered in pump mode as the machine lost the ability to produce head. The loads were less severe in the turbine mode sequence. Frequency analyses revealed that the blade passing frequencies and their linear combinations yielded the strongest pulsations in the system.
Recycling of Coal Fly Ash as an Example of an Efficient Circular Economy: A Stakeholder Approach
Authors: Marinina Oksana , Nevskaya Marina , Jonek-Kowalska Izabela , Wolniak Radosław , Marinin Mikhail
Published: June 2021

The scale of waste formation from coal-fired generation is significant and tends to grow steadily in the context of the global use of coal for power production. This paper covers the problems and current opportunities for recycling coal fly ash waste from coal generation from the position of a stakeholder approach, namely, identification of the main participants and determination of the effects for economic agents in coal fly ash recycling projects. Based on the method of economic modeling and the empirical assessment of project efficiency, this paper presents alternative patterns of stakeholder interaction in the process of implementing coal fly ash recycling projects, estimates the effects of using coal fly ash, and identifies conflicting interests between stakeholders. It is shown that the reason behind the low interest of the Russian private sector in the processing of coal fly ash is the lack of stimulating market mechanisms for manufacturers and consumers of ash products, the high risks of implementing recycling projects based on clean coal technologies, and low environmental payments for commercial companies.
Structural and Catalytic Characterization of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 Nanofibers for Application in Direct Methane Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes
Authors: Squizzato Enrico , Sanna Caterina , Glisenti Antonella , Costamagna Paola
Published: June 2021

In the present work, structural and catalytic characterization was performed on La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSM) nanofibers. The LSM nanofibers were obtained using the electrospinning technique. For comparison, LSM powders with identical composition were characterized as well. The LSM powders were prepared through a self-combustion citrate-based procedure. SEM, EDX, XRD, and BET investigations were carried out on both LSM nanofibers and powders, pointing out the different structural features. The LSM nanofibers showed a higher surface area than the LSM powders and a lower presence of strontium oxide on the surface. Results of the H2-Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) tests showed evidence of a higher reactivity of the nanofibers compared to the powders. The catalytic characterization was performed utilizing a methane oxidation activity test, revealing a better catalytic performance of the LSM nanofibers: at 800 °C. The methane conversion achieved with the LSM nanofibers was 73%, which compared well with the 50% obtained with powders at 900 °C.
A Novel Hybrid LDC Converter Topology for the Integrated On-Board Charger of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Nam Vu-Hai , Tinh Duong-Van , Choi Woojin
Published: June 2021

Recently, the integrated On-Board Charger (OBC) combining an OBC converter with a Low-Voltage DC/DC Converter (LDC) has been considered to reduce the size, weight and cost of DC-DC converters in the EV system. This paper proposes a new integrated OBC converter with V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) and auxiliary battery charge functions. In the proposed integrated OBC converter, the OBC converter is composed of a bidirectional full-bridge converter with an active clamp circuit and a hybrid LDC converter with a Phase-Shift Full-Bridge (PSFB) converter and a forward converter. ZVS for all primary switches and nearly ZCS for the lagging switches can be achieved for all the operating conditions. In the secondary side of the proposed LDC converter, an additional circuit composed of a capacitor and two diodes is employed to clamp the oscillation voltage across rectifier diodes and to eliminate the circulating current. Since the output capacitor of the forward converter is connected in series with the output capacitor of the auxiliary battery charger, the energy from the propulsion battery can be delivered to the auxiliary battery during the freewheeling interval and it helps reduce the current ripple of the output inductor, leading to a smaller volume of the output inductor. A 1 kW prototype converter is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed topology. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter achieved by the experiments is 96%.
Analysis of Three-Phase Wye-Delta Connected LLC
Authors: Lin Jing-Yuan , Chen Chuan-Ting , Chen Kuan-Hung , Lin Yi-Feng
Published: June 2021

Three-phase wye–delta LLC topology is suitable for voltage step down and high output current, and has been used in the industry for some time, e.g., for server power and EV charger. However, no comprehensive circuit analysis has been performed for three-phase wye–delta LLC. This paper provides complete analysis methods for three-phase wye–delta LLC. The analysis methods include circuit operation, time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, and state–plane analysis. Circuit operation helps determine the circuit composition and operation sequence. Time domain analysis helps understand the detail operation, equivalent circuit model, and circuit equation. Frequency domain analysis helps obtain the curve of the transfer function and assists in circuit design. State–plane analysis is used for optimal trajectory control (OTC). These analyses not only can calculate the voltage/current stress, but can also help design three-phase wye-delta connected LLC and provide the OTC control reference. In addition, this paper uses PSIM simulation to verify the correctness of analysis. At the end, a 5-kW three-phase wye–delta LLC prototype is realized. The specification of the prototype is a DC input voltage of 380 V and output voltage/current of 48 V/105 A. The peak efficiency is 96.57%.
Wind Farm Cable Connection Layout Optimization with Several Substations
Authors: Cerveira Adelaide , Pires Eduardo J. Solteiro , Baptista José
Published: June 2021

Green energy has become a media issue due to climate changes, and consequently, the population has become more aware of pollution. Wind farms are an essential energy production alternative to fossil energy. The incentive to produce wind energy was a government policy some decades ago to decrease carbon emissions. In recent decades, wind farms were formed by a substation and a couple of turbines. Nowadays, wind farms are designed with hundreds of turbines requiring more than one substation. This paper formulates an integer linear programming model to design wind farms’ cable layout with several turbines. The proposed model obtains the optimal solution considering different cable types, infrastructure costs, and energy losses. An additional constraint was considered to limit the number of cables that cross a walkway, i.e., the number of connections between a set of wind turbines and the remaining wind farm. Furthermore, considering a discrete set of possible turbine locations, the model allows identifying those that should be present in the optimal solution, thereby addressing the optimal location of the substation(s) in the wind farm. The paper illustrates solutions and the associated costs of two wind farms, with up to 102 turbines and three substations in the optimal solution, selected among sixteen possible places. The optimal solutions are obtained in a short time.
Trends in Outbreaks of Defoliating Insects Highlight Growing Threats for Central European Forests, and Implications for Eastern Baltic Region
Authors: Siliņš Ingars , Kārkliņa Annija , Miezīte Olga , Jansons Āris
Published: June 2021

To identify general patterns in the effect of climate-driven changes in the outbreak frequency of forest defoliating species, we examined 60 years of records (1950–2010) of outbreaks of five defoliating species. Data on Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha, Bupalus piniarius, Panolis flammea, and Operophtera brumata from five Central European countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary, and Germany), where the current climate is comparable with the projections of climate for the Eastern Baltic region by the end of the 21st century, were analyzed. Time series approach was applied to estimate the linkage between outbreaks and climate warming. Mean annual, summer, and winter deviations for the period of 1850 to 1900 were assessed as proxies of warming. To estimate the legacy effect, warming proxies were lagged by one year. Among those tested, warming proxies showed a linkage with outbreaks. Three significant outbreaks occurred in the analyzed period (at the beginning and end of the period). During the middle part of the analyzed period, the frequency and magnitude of outbreaks were low, implicating a higher insect outbreak risk with warming in Central Europe. In the latter part of the analyzed period, more frequent yet smaller outbreaks occurred, which supports the outbreak linkage with one-year lag, summer, and annual temperatures.
Context: The Role of Place and Heritage in Genealogy
Authors: Aplin Graeme
Published: June 2021

Genealogical research often focuses to varying degrees on the family tree and the ancestors that inhabit it, often ignoring, or at least downplaying, broader issues. There is, however, much scope for broadening the research by adding leaves and flowers to the fruit (the people) on the tree. The broader context to a person’s ancestry is often intriguing and enlightening, providing background information that places the people in their environments, perhaps explaining their actions and lifestyles in the process. Two aspects of this context are dealt with here. The first aspect relates to the place in which each person lives, in other words, to their geographical environment, both natural and social or human made. Secondly, their personal heritage is considered: this includes the most important items in their lives, perhaps inconsequential to others but with long-term meaning for them and quite possibly for their descendants. Other broader aspects of heritage may well be relevant, too.
Cytogenetics of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review of the Current Knowledge
Authors: Quessada Julie , Cuccuini Wendy , Saultier Paul , Loosveld Marie , Harrison Christine J. , Lafage-Pochitaloff Marina
Published: June 2021

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is a rare and heterogeneous disease in relation to morphology, immunophenotyping, germline and somatic cytogenetic and genetic abnormalities. Over recent decades, outcomes have greatly improved, although survival rates remain around 70% and the relapse rate is high, at around 30%. Cytogenetics is an important factor for diagnosis and indication of prognosis. The main cytogenetic abnormalities are referenced in the current WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia, where there is an indication for risk-adapted therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of cytogenetics in pediatric AML, describing well-known WHO entities, as well as new subgroups and germline mutations with therapeutic implications. We describe the main chromosomal abnormalities, their frequency according to age and AML subtypes, and their prognostic relevance within current therapeutic protocols. We focus on de novo AML and on cytogenetic diagnosis, including the practical difficulties encountered, based on the most recent hematological and cytogenetic recommendations.
A Quantitative Approach to Assess Seismic Vulnerability of Touristic Accommodations: Case Study in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Candela Thomas , Rosset Philippe , Chouinard Luc
Published: June 2021

In many places of the world, the interruption of touristic activities in the aftermath of a catastrophic earthquake is often neglected in the evaluation of seismic risks; however, these activities can account for a significant proportion of short-term and long-term economic impacts for these regions. In the last decade, several rapid visual screening techniques have been developed to define the typology of buildings and to estimate their seismic vulnerability and potential for damage. We adapted the existing screening procedures that have been developed for generic buildings to specific circumstances that are most common for tourist accommodations. The proposed approach considered six criteria related to structural and nonstructural elements of buildings, as well as local soil conditions. A score was assigned to each criterion as a function of the capacity of the elements to resist ground shaking. A vulnerability index in four levels of building vulnerability was developed combining the scores of the six criteria. The approach was tested in a pilot area of Montreal to a set of 70 typical buildings grouped in four categories based on their accommodation capacity. In Montreal, tourism is an important source of income for the city where 351,000 room-nights were booked with total stay expenditures of CAD 4.9 billion in 2019. The results indicated potential significant disruptions in activities related to tourism; 46% of the buildings investigated have a high to very high vulnerability index. Among them, 4/5 are located in the old city and 1/5 in the downtown area of the pilot zone.
Energy Absorption in Actual Tractor Rollovers with Different Tire Configurations
Authors: Capacci Enrico , Franceschetti Bruno , Guzzomi Andrew , Rondelli Valda
Published: June 2021

In order to better understand the complexities of modern tractor rollover, this paper investigates the energy absorbed by a Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS) cab during controlled lateral rollover testing carried out on a modern narrow-track tractor with a silent-block suspended ROPS cab. To investigate how different tractor set-ups may influence ROPS and energy partitioning, tests were conducted with two different wheel configurations, wide (equivalent to normal ‘open field’ operation) and narrow (equivalent to ‘orchard/vineyard’ operation), and refer to both the width of the tires and the corresponding track. Dynamic load cells and displacement transducers located at the ROPS-ground impact points provided a direct measurement of the energy absorbed by the ROPS cab frame. A trilateration method was developed and mounted onboard to measure load cell trajectory with respect to the cab floor in real-time. The associated video record of each rollover event provided further information and opportunity to explain the acquired data. The narrow tire configuration consistently subjected the ROPS cab frame to more energy than the wide tire arrangement. To better evaluate the influence of the ROPS cab silent-blocks in lateral rollover, static and dynamic tests were performed. The results confirm that tires influence the energy partition significantly and that further understanding of silent-blocks’ dynamic performance is warranted.
Institute of Medicine Recommendations on the Rate of Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan S. M. Tafsir , Khan Md Alfazal , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: June 2021

Although validated in other parts of the world, the suitability of the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 recommendations on gestational weight gain (GWG) for Bangladeshi women remains to be examined. We evaluated the association between the weekly rate of weight gain during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, categorized according to IOM recommendations, and adverse perinatal outcomes among 1569 pregnant women with singleton live births in rural Matlab, Bangladesh. Gaining weight at rates below the IOM recommendations was associated with higher odds of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1–3.6), low birth weight (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.03–2.0), small-for-gestational-age newborns (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.04–1.7), and poor neonatal outcome (severe neonatal morbidity or death, AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.03–5.6). A GWG rate above the recommendations was associated with higher odds of cesarean delivery (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), preterm birth (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.4), large-for-gestational-age newborns (AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: 1.5–23.1), and poor neonatal outcome (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.04–7.0). Our results suggest that the IOM 2009 recommendations on GWG rate during the second and third trimester may be suitable for guiding rural Bangladeshi women in the prenatal period, although the women should aim for rates near the lower bound of the range.
Factors Associated with Suicidal Behavior in Farmers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santos Emelynne Gabrielly de Oliveira , Queiroz Paulo Roberto , Nunes Aryelly Dayane da Silva , Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: June 2021

This review aimed to investigate the factors associated with suicidal behavior in farmers in the scientific literature. Two researchers participated independently in searching databases, specifically PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SciELO. Only observational studies were included. The quality of the selected studies was assessed with a critical assessment checklist for cross-sectional analytical and case-control studies, prepared by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data related to the publication were collected (author and year; city/country); methodological design; sample/population (gender; average age), outcome, measuring instrument and factors associated with suicidal behavior. A total of 14 studies were included in the systematic review, and factors associated with farmers’ behavior in mental health (depression), seasonal impacts (drought), and work exposures (herbicides and insecticides) were identified. However, heterogeneity was found in terms of the method, measurement of suicidal behavior, and associated factors, which indicates the need for further studies.
Acculturation Stressors and Academic Adjustment among Nepalese Students in South Korean Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
Published: June 2021

International students are steadily increasing in South Korean higher education institutions. How well international students are adjusted academically and the relationship between acculturation stressors and academic adjustment has not yet been determined. This study aimed to fill this research gap by examining the relationship between acculturation stressors and academic adjustment among Nepalese international students in South Korean higher education institutions. The sample of the study consisted of Nepalese students who enrolled in 36 universities in South Korea. Students’ background characteristics and acculturation stressors were selected to examine the association between acculturation stressors and academic adjustment. Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were utilized. The results from the Pearson correlation revealed the negative correlation of perceived discrimination (r = −0.23, p < 0.01), perceived hate/rejection (r = −0.18, p < 0.05), perceived fear (r = −0.24, p < 0.01), and perceived cultural shock (r = −0.17, p < 0.05) with academic adjustment. Further, the hierarchical regression model revealed that perceived fear (β = −0.220, p < 0.05) had a negative association with academic adjustment. Addressing acculturation stressors among international students is essential to facilitate a positive academic environment. Mainly, perceived fear has negatively affected students’ academic adjustment. Based on these findings, tailored programs must be developed to curtail international students’ perceived fear.
Analysis of the Relationship between Obesity Factors and Health-Related Physical Fitness Factors among People with Intellectual Disabilities in South Korea
Authors: Jeong Guyeol , Chun Buongo
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the relationship between health-related physical fitness factors and obesity-related factors in individuals with intellectual disabilities. We investigated the prevalence of obesity and the relationship between obesity-related factors and health-related physical fitness factors among people with intellectual disabilities in South Korea to identify the physical fitness factors that influence the degree of obesity. For obesity-related factors, we measured body composition (height, weight, body mass index—BMI, and body fat percentage) of 108 subjects with intellectual disabilities (mean ± standard deviation; age = 24.4 ± 8.45 years). For health-related physical fitness factors, we measured muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility. There was a significant negative correlation between muscular endurance and obesity factors (BMI, r = −0.306, p < 0.01; body fat percentage, r = −0.402, p < 0.01). Further, the prevalence of obesity (34.3%) and being overweight (17.6%) among people with intellectual disabilities was high in South Korea. In addition, muscular endurance was found to have a significant effect on the obesity level (β = −0.239, p < 0.000). This suggests that a program that considers muscular endurance should be prioritized when implementing an exercise intervention strategy for the treatment of overweight and obesity among people with intellectual disabilities.
Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on Worker Cognitive Functions: Current Evidence and Future Research Needs
Authors: Leso Veruscka , Fontana Luca , Caturano Angela , Vetrani Ilaria , Fedele Mauro , Iavicoli Ivo
Published: June 2021

Particular working conditions and/or organization of working time may cause important sleep disturbances that have been proposed to be predictive of cognitive decline. In this regard, circadian rhythm misalignment induced by exposure to night work or long working hours would be responsible for cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, evidence supporting this correlation is limited and several issues still need to be elucidated. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between shift/night work and cognitive impairment and address its main determinants. Information provided by the reviewed studies suggested that night work might have serious immediate negative effects especially on cognitive domains related to attention, memory and response inhibition. Furthermore, cognitive performance would progressively worsen over consecutive night shifts or following exposure to very long work shifts. Otherwise, conflicting results emerged regarding the possible etiological role that night work chronic exposure would have on cognitive impairment. Therefore, circadian rhythm desynchronization, lack of sleep and fatigue resulting from night work may negatively impact worker’s cognitive efficiency. However, in light of the considerable methodological variability of the reviewed studies, we proposed to develop a standardized research and evaluation strategy in order to obtain a better and comprehensive understanding of this topic.
Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Tuberculosis Receiving Adjunctive Surgery in Uzbekistan
Authors: Riskiyev Anvar , Ciobanu Ana , Hovhannesyan Arax , Akopyan Kristina , Gadoev Jamshid , Parpieva Nargiza
Published: June 2021

Surgical interventions are performed as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment in Uzbekistan in 10–12% of diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients. In this study among patients with respiratory TB who had surgical interventions in Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Centre of Phthisiology and Pulmonology of Uzbekistan (RSSPMCPP) from January to May 2017, we describe (i) reasons and types of surgical intervention, (ii) post-surgical complications, (iii) histological diagnosis before and after surgery, and (iv) treatment outcomes. There were 101 patients included in the analysis (mean age 36 years; 51% male; 71% lived in rural areas). The main indications for surgical intervention included pulmonary tuberculoma (40%), fibrocavitary, or cavernous pulmonary TB (23%) and massive hemoptysis (20%). Pulmonary resections were the most frequent surgical procedures: segmentectomy (41%), lobectomy or bilobectomy (19%), and combined resection (17%). Ten patients (9%) suffered post-surgery complications. According to histological examination after surgery, TB was confirmed in 81 (80%) patients. For the other 20 patients, the confirmed diagnoses were: lung cancer (n = 6), echinococcosis (n = 5), post-TB fibrosis (n = 5), non-tuberculous pleurisy (n = 2), hamartoma (n = 1), and pneumonia (n = 1). The majority of patients (94%), who underwent surgery, were considered successfully treated. In conclusion, adjunctive surgical therapy can be an option for TB treatment, especially in cases of complicated TB.
More Is Always Better Than One: The N-Terminal Domain of the Spike Protein as Another Emerging Target for Hampering the SARS-CoV-2 Attachment to Host Cells
Authors: Di Gaetano Sonia , Capasso Domenica , Delre Pietro , Pirone Luciano , Saviano Michele , Pedone Emilia , Mangiatordi Giuseppe Felice
Published: June 2021

Although the approved vaccines are proving to be of utmost importance in containing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat, they will hardly be resolutive as new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA virus) variants might be insensitive to the immune response they induce. In this scenario, developing an effective therapy is still a dire need. Different targets for therapeutic antibodies and diagnostics have been identified, among which the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein, particularly its receptor-binding domain, has been defined as crucial. In this context, we aim to focus attention also on the role played by the S N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) in the virus attachment, already recognized as a valuable target for neutralizing antibodies, in particular, building on a cavity mapping indicating the presence of two druggable pockets and on the recent literature hypothesizing the presence of a ganglioside-binding domain. In this perspective, we aim at proposing S1-NTD as a putative target for designing small molecules hopefully able to hamper the SARS-CoV-2 attachment to host cells.
Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging
Authors: Romero-Márquez Jose M. , Varela-López Alfonso , Navarro-Hortal María D. , Badillo-Carrasco Alberto , Forbes-Hernández Tamara Y. , Giampieri Francesca , Domínguez Irma , Madrigal Lorena , Battino Maurizio , Quiles José L.
Published: June 2021

Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.
Vaginal Lactobacilli and Vaginal Dysbiosis-Associated Bacteria Differently Affect Cervical Epithelial and Immune Homeostasis and Anti-Viral Defenses
Authors: Nicolò Sabrina , Tanturli Michele , Mattiuz Giorgio , Antonelli Alberto , Baccani Ilaria , Bonaiuto Chiara , Baldi Simone , Nannini Giulia , Menicatti Marta , Bartolucci Gianluca , Rossolini Gian Maria , Amedei Amedeo , Torcia Maria Gabriella
Published: June 2021

Persistent infection with High Risk-Human Papilloma Viruses (HR-HPVs) is a primary cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria were correlated with the persistence of HR-HPVs infection and with increased cancer risk. We obtained strains of the most represented bacterial species in vaginal microbiota and evaluated their effects on the survival of cervical epithelial cells and immune homeostasis. The contribution of each species to supporting the antiviral response was also studied. Epithelial cell viability was affected by culture supernatants of most vaginal-dysbiosis bacteria, whereas Lactobacillus gasseri or Lactobacillus jensenii resulted in the best stimulus to induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by human mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMCs). Although vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria induced the IFN-γ production, they were also optimal stimuli to interleukin-17 (IL-17) production. A positive correlation between IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion was observed in cultures of PBMCs with all vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria suggesting that the adaptive immune response induced by these strains is not dominated by TH1 differentiation with reduced availability of IFN-γ, cytokine most effective in supporting virus clearance. Based on these results, we suggest that a vaginal microbiota dominated by lactobacilli, especially by L. gasseri or L. jensenii, may be able to assist immune cells with clearing HPV infection, bypasses the viral escape and restores immune homeostasis.
Using Diatom and Apicomplexan Models to Study the Heme Pathway of Chromera velia
Authors: Richtová Jitka , Sheiner Lilach , Gruber Ansgar , Yang Shun-Min , Kořený Luděk , Striepen Boris , Oborník Miroslav
Published: June 2021

Heme biosynthesis is essential for almost all living organisms. Despite its conserved function, the pathway’s enzymes can be located in a remarkable diversity of cellular compartments in different organisms. This location does not always reflect their evolutionary origins, as might be expected from the history of their acquisition through endosymbiosis. Instead, the final subcellular localization of the enzyme reflects multiple factors, including evolutionary origin, demand for the product, availability of the substrate, and mechanism of pathway regulation. The biosynthesis of heme in the apicomonad Chromera velia follows a chimeric pathway combining heme elements from the ancient algal symbiont and the host. Computational analyses using different algorithms predict complex targeting patterns, placing enzymes in the mitochondrion, plastid, endoplasmic reticulum, or the cytoplasm. We employed heterologous reporter gene expression in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to experimentally test these predictions. 5-aminolevulinate synthase was located in the mitochondria in both transfection systems. In T. gondii, the two 5-aminolevulinate dehydratases were located in the cytosol, uroporphyrinogen synthase in the mitochondrion, and the two ferrochelatases in the plastid. In P. tricornutum, all remaining enzymes, from ALA-dehydratase to ferrochelatase, were placed either in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the periplastidial space.
Inner Ear and Muscle Developmental Defects in Smpx-Deficient Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Ghilardi Anna , Diana Alberto , Bacchetta Renato , Santo Nadia , Ascagni Miriam , Prosperi Laura , Del Giacco Luca
Published: June 2021

The last decade has witnessed the identification of several families affected by hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) caused by mutations in the SMPX gene and the loss of function has been suggested as the underlying mechanism. In the attempt to confirm this hypothesis we generated an Smpx-deficient zebrafish model, pointing out its crucial role in proper inner ear development. Indeed, a marked decrease in the number of kinocilia together with structural alterations of the stereocilia and the kinocilium itself in the hair cells of the inner ear were observed. We also report the impairment of the mechanotransduction by the hair cells, making SMPX a potential key player in the construction of the machinery necessary for sound detection. This wealth of evidence provides the first possible explanation for hearing loss in SMPX-mutated patients. Additionally, we observed a clear muscular phenotype consisting of the defective organization and functioning of muscle fibers, strongly suggesting a potential role for the protein in the development of muscle fibers. This piece of evidence highlights the need for more in-depth analyses in search for possible correlations between SMPX mutations and muscular disorders in humans, thus potentially turning this non-syndromic hearing loss-associated gene into the genetic cause of dysfunctions characterized by more than one symptom, making SMPX a novel syndromic gene.
Screen Key Genes Associated with Distraction-Induced Osteogenesis of Stem Cells Using Bioinformatics Methods
Authors: Chen Jishizhan , Hua Jia , Song Wenhui
Published: June 2021

Background: Applying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), together with the distraction osteogenesis (DO) process, displayed enhanced bone quality and shorter treatment periods. The DO guides the differentiation of MSCs by providing mechanical clues. However, the underlying key genes and pathways are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to screen and identify hub genes involved in distraction-induced osteogenesis of MSCs and potential molecular mechanisms. Material and Methods: The datasets were downloaded from the ArrayExpress database. Three samples of negative control and two samples subjected to 5% cyclic sinusoidal distraction at 0.25 Hz for 6 h were selected for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and then analysed via bioinformatics methods. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were investigated. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was visualised through the Cytoscape software. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to verify the enrichment of a self-defined osteogenic gene sets collection and identify osteogenic hub genes. Results: Three hub genes (IL6, MMP2, and EP300) that were highly associated with distraction-induced osteogenesis of MSCs were identified via the Venn diagram. These hub genes could provide a new understanding of distraction-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and serve as potential gene targets for optimising DO via targeted therapies.