A STUDY OF OBSTETRIC AND PERINATAL OUTCOME IN PREGNANCIES WITH OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Bhavya Bhukke , B Vijayalakshmi , K Chandrashekar , K Shamili , H S Priyanka 
Published: November 2024

Introduction : Oligohydramnios, dened as when the Amniotic uid index is less than 5. Denition of increased or decreased amniotic uid
volume or based on sonographic criteria. Oligohydramnios complicates 1-2 % of pregnancies. Amniotic uid provides the cushion effect against
the constricting connes of the gravid uterus. It creates space and help in musculoskeletal development of fetus, helps in normal fetal lung
development and prevents compression of umbilical cord, placenta and hence protects the fetus from vascular and nutritional compromises.
Oligohydramnios is associated with high-risk adverse perinatal outcome like fetal distress, meconium aspiration, low APGAR, joint contracture,
pulmonary hypoplasia etc., and associated with maternal morbidity in the form of increased rates of induction and/or operative interference.
Materials & Methods : This is the prospective observational study of parturient with oligohydramnios admitted in the department of OBG,
BMCRC Ballari, study conducted for a period of 6 months August 2023 to January 2024 consist of 70 subjects. This study is conducted on all
singleton, non-anomalous, low risk pregnant women with AFI less than or equal to 5 with intact membranes and gestational age between 37-42
weeks. After obtaining approval and clearance from the institutional ethical committee, the pregnant woman meeting the inclusion and exclusion
criteria was enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Detailed clinical history including obstetric, menstrual, past and personal
history was taken and detailed examination was done. Basic routine blood investigations were done. Liquor volume was estimated by
ultrasonography by measuring the AFI by four quadrant technique of Phelan or when the single deepest vertical pocket measures less than 2cms.
Delivery was optimized depending on antepartum fetal surveillance. The mean age of mothers at time o Results: f delivery was lower (25.84 yrs) in
the oligohydramnios group. Most of the patients were primiparous, this difference was found to be non-signicant. Out of 70 cases, majority of
cases were between 39-39.6 weeks of gestation 31 cases (44.28%). Comparison of pregnancy outcome between the two groups is represented in
Table 2. Low birth weight, NICU admission, fetal distress, fetal death, APGAR score, preterm delivery, and neonatal death. However, meconium
staining, mode of delivery and postpartum hemorrhage were almost equal in the two groups (p>.05). The average and standard deviation of AFI
were in 6.14±1.08 cm in oligohydramnios group. APGAR score was above 7 in 80% patients in oligohydramnios group. The table and graph show
the distribution of cases based on admission NST. It was reactive in 37 cases (52.85%) at the time of admission. Augmentation was done for 23
cases (32.8%). : Our present study shows that even though there is an increased rate of caesarean se Conclusion ction, NICU admission and
observation, meconium stained liquor and NST changes there is no signicant increase in the perinatal morbidity and mortality.