bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do Children Spend Their Time? Time Use and Skill Development in the PSID
Authors: Hall Hannah , Nielsen Eric
Published: May 2020

As income and wealth inequality have grown in the United States in recent decades, the large and growing differences in household expenditures on children from advantaged versus disadvantaged backgrounds have increasingly become a matter of public concern. High socioeconomic status (SES) households (those with high incomes and/or high levels of parental education) increasingly spend more money on physical goods (books, tuition, computers, etc.) and more time on "enrichment" activities such as homework, tutoring, reading, and extracurricular activities that are thought to directly foster cognitive (academic) skills.
Workloads of forward and backline adolescent rugby players: a pilot study
Authors: Barnard Devon Vernon , Pote Lee , Christie Candice
Published: May 2020

Background: There is minimal research on workloads of adolescent rugby players. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the workloads placed on a cohort of South African adolescent rugby players (n = 17), during an in- season period.

Methods: Session RPE ratings were collected daily, 30 minutes after the training session concluded, during an 11-week in- season period. The training load was calculated as the session ratings of perceived exertion multiplied by the session’s duration (min).

Results: The main finding of the study was that the adolescents in this investigation had similar workloads to elite players but higher workloads than other studies on adolescent rugby players. The forwards (3311±939 arbitrary units; AU) had a higher workload than backline players (2851±1080 AU). There was no difference between forwards and backline players with regards to the acute:chronic workload ratio.

Conclusion: Workloads are high in these adolescent players, particularly in the forwards, and are similar to the workloads of elite level rugby players.
The Effect of Oral Metalinguistic Corrective Feedback on Learners’ Knowledge of Pronoun among Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Amoli Fatemeh Azimi
Published: May 2020

A great number of language learners claims that they are unable to produce the foreign language accurately without any grammatical errors at the end of their language course. In this study, the impact of oral metalinguistic corrective feedback, among various types of corrective feedback, on learners’ pronoun accuracy was considered. The participants were 74 EFL learners (46 females, 28 males) studying English at Safir English language institutes in Tehran. In order to homogenize the learners, Key English Test (KET) test was given to them. 60 learners were selected for the study and 14 learners were removed. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. One group received metalinguistic feedback and the other group received explicit correction feedback. Grammatical judgment test was used as a pretest and posttest. Eight reading passages from “Select Readings” were another instrument that was used for training through jigsaw task in this study. Then t-test was run to check the significance of the mean difference between pretest and post-test of groups. The results show the priority of experimental group (which received oral metalinguistic feedback) on control group (which received explicit feedback).
When Clocks Are Not Working: OBS Time Correction
Authors: Loviknes Karina , Jeddi Zeinab , Ottemöller Lars , Barreyre Thibaut
Published: May 2020

Ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) are used to obtain seismic recordings offshore and are an increasingly important tool for investigating the globe. However, because OBS data cannot be time stamped using Global Positioning System (GPS) during deployment, correction for drift of the internal clock is required. This time drift is typically derived by synchronizing the clock before and after deployment. Linear correction is then applied using the timing deviation between GPS and the instrument’s internal clock at recovery, that is, the skew measurement. If synchronization measurements are missing, ambient noise cross-correlation functions (CCFs) are commonly used for time correction. When investigating recordings from a small-scale OBS network located on the Mohn’s mid-ocean ridge, we observed a remaining drift on the skew-corrected data. After recalculating the drift of the raw data using CCFs, we found that the skew-based time correction was incorrect. This was also verified with the observation of teleseismic P-wave arrivals. We describe a method to obtain properly time-corrected data and discuss the OBS timing issues in detail. The results shown were obtained using a software package that we developed for this specific purpose and made available as open-source software. Although we cannot explain the technical reason for the failure of skew correction, this study shows that skew corrections should not be trusted alone, and OBS timing should always be verified by either ambient noise correlations or P-wave arrival times.
“Maria Maria”: o percurso co(n)textual de uma recategorização pela via ressignificada da teoria / “Maria Maria”: the co(n)textual path of a recategorization by the resignified pathway of the theory
Authors: Guimarães Silvia Adelia Henrique
Published: May 2020

Resumo: O presente estudo nasceu de dois objetivos centrais que se retroalimentam. O primeiro é discutir o estatuto atual da teoria da recategorização compreendido pela dimensão discursiva e perpassado pelos níveis cognitivos e interacionais (JAGUARIBE, 2007; LIMA; CAVALCANTE, 2015; CAVALCANTE; BRITO, 2016). Por meio da análise do texto “Maria Maria”, mediante a perspectiva do discurso literomusical (COSTA, 2001), o segundo objetivo foi testar os limites atualmente evocados para a recategorização. Para testar esse limite e as potencialidades do processo de recategorizar, este ligado intimamente ao próprio ato de referir, foi estudado o referente “Maria” pelos aspectos macrossociais e investigados como e por que o objeto de discurso instaurado chega a representar, por meio da recategorização, grupos distintos, de lutas e de classes também distintas. Trata-se de uma abordagem que encontra ancoragem em outras pesquisas que estudam nomes próprios (CUSTÓDIO FILHO, 2011; BASSETTO, 2015; SOARES, 2018), mas que delas se distingue por observar um contexto de recategorização que transcende a constituição referencial inicial e passa a representar diferentes objetos do mundo.Palavras-chave: referenciação; recategorização; discurso literomusical.Abstract: The present study is born from two central objectives, which are retro nourished. The first is to discuss the current status of the theory of recategorization understood by the discursive dimension and run through by the cognitive and interactional levels (JAGUARIBE, 2007; LIMA; CAVALCANTE, 2015; CAVALCANTE; BRITO, 2016). Through the analysis of the text “Maria Maria”, seen from the perspective of the literature-musical discourse (COSTA, 2001), our second objective was to test the limits currently evoked for Recategorization. To test this limit and the potentialities of the process of recategorization, this linked intimately to the very act of referring, we study the referent “Maria” from the macro-social perspective and investigate how and why the object of discourse instituted comes to represent, through recategorization, distinct groups, of social struggles and distinct classes. It is an approach that finds support in other researches that study personal names (CUSTÓDIO FILHO, 2011; BASSETTO, 2015; SOARES, 2018), however distinguished from these, because we observe a context of recategorization that transcends the initial referential constitution and becomes able to represent different objects of the world.Keywords: referring; reclassification; literature-musical discourse.
A distribuição dos modificadores de grau em tétum-praça: uma proposta em Semântica Escalar / The distribution of degree modifiers in Tetum: a scalar semantics proposal
Authors: Mendes Luciana Sanchez , Macedo Anderson
Published: May 2020

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma investigação sobre a distribuição de três modificadores de grau em tétum (los, liu e tebes), língua austronésia falada no Timor Leste, realizada em Macedo (2019a). Os vocábulos em questão parecem apresentar a mesma distribuição à primeira vista, sendo traduzidos pelo advérbio ‘muito’ em português. Para averiguar sua distribuição, exploramos a hipótese de que a seleção dos modificadores seria determinada pela natureza escalar do elemento modificado adotando a tipologia escalar de Kennedy e McNally (2005). A coleta de dados para esse estudo se deu em três etapas: (i) teste de tradução de sentenças do português para o tétum; (ii) teste de averiguação de aceitabilidade das sentenças em tétum (cf. MATTHEWSON, 2004); (iii) experimento para averiguação de aceitabilidade das sentenças em tétum (MACEDOa, 2019). Os resultados obtidos mostram que nenhum modificador apresentou preferência ou rejeição de 100%. A gradação encontrada é interpretada levando-se em conta as especificidades da língua tétum e da natureza da metodologia adotada, no que diz respeito ao tipo de experimento escolhido (de aceitabilidade com escala Likert).Palavras-chave: advérbios; intensificadores; semântica; tétum; Timor Leste.Abstract: This article aims to present an investigation on the distribution of three degree modifiers in Tetum (los, liu and tebes), an Austronesia language spoken on the island of Timor, done by Macedo (2019a). The three modifiers appear to have the same distribution at first sight, being translated by ‘very’ in English and ‘muito’ in Portuguese. In order to investigate its distribution, we explored the hypothesis that the selection of these modifiers would be determined by the scalar nature of the modified element following the scalar typology presented in Kennedy and McNally (2005). The data collection was performed in three stages: (i) translation of sentences from Portuguese into Tetum; (ii) verification of acceptability of Tetum sentences (cf. MATTHEWSON, 2004); (iii) experimental test to verify the acceptability of sentences in Tetum (MACEDO, 2019a). The results show that no modifier showed 100% of preference or rejection. The gradation found is interpreted considering the particularities of Tetum and the nature of the methodology adopted, namely the type of experiment (acceptability task with Likert scale).Keywords: adverbs; intensifiers; semantics; Tetum; East Timor.
Opinar sobre um tema: padrões linguísticos e complexidade do self /Opine on a theme: linguistic Patterns and Self Complexity
Authors: Batista Hadinei Ribeiro , Lima-Hernandes Maria Célia
Published: May 2020

Resumo: Este texto visa oferecer contribuições inéditas aos estudos sobre gênero textual/discursivo. Buscou-se, a partir de análise de um conjunto de produções textuais de aprendizes dos anos finais da educação básica da rede pública de ensino, mapear estratégias linguísticas utilizadas em textos de caráter opinativo para fins de diagnosticar operações cognitivo-linguísticas mais recorrentes em produções textuais em que se exige um posicionamento crítico do autor. A metodologia empregada para a coleta de dados ampara-se em recursos computacionais da linguística de corpus e compilação de dados em meio digital e, para análise, as ferramentas de base sociocognitiva. Neste estudo, priorizam-se o entendimento da estrutura e da composição linguística de textos opinativos bem como o estágio de self dos aprendizes, com implicações para o ensino da produção textual na educação básica. Os resultados apontam que construções com verbo ser, em função de cópula, são produtivas na composição argumentativa de textos opinativos escritos pelos aprendizes. Esses resultados permitem correlacionar iconicamente a baixa complexidade sintática conformadora dos enunciados dos textos a um desnível no âmbito da consciência cultural, nos moldes de Damásio (2011), o que requer intervenções mais pontuais e dirigidas por essas variáveis nesse estágio de aprendizado.Palavras-chave: gênero textual/discursivo; consciência cultural; cognição; tecnologias.Abstract: This text aims to offer unpublished contributions to studies on discursive genres. Based on an analysis of a set of textual productions of apprentices from public basic education, we aimed to map linguistic strategies used in opinion texts for the purpose of diagnosing more recurrent cognitive-linguistic operations in textual productions which require a critical positioning of the author. The methodology used for data collection is based on computational resources from corpus linguistics and data compilation in digital media and, for analysis, sociocognitive approach. In this study, the understanding of the structure and linguistic composition of opinion texts as well as the self stage of the students, with implications for the teaching of textual production in basic education, are prioritized. The results point out that constructions with the verb ‘ser’ (to be), in function of copula, are productive in the argumentative composition of opinative texts written by apprentices. These results allow the iconic correlation between low syntactic complexity of the statements of the texts and the unevenness of cultural awareness, according to Damásio (2011), which requires more specific and directed interventions by these variables at this stage of learning. Keywords: discursive genre; cultural awareness; cognition; technologies.
“Квад 2.0”: четырехсторонний диалог для контрбалансирования КНР в Индо-Тихоокеанском регионе
Authors: Худайкулова Александра , Рамич Мирзет
Published: May 2020

“Свободный и открытый Индо-Тихоокеанский регион” (ИТР) – это внешнеполитическая концепция США, реализация которой началась с приходом администрации Д. Трампа и активно форсируется в настоящее время. В американском исполнении концепт имеет ярко выраженную геостратегическую направленность с опорой на крупнейшие региональные державы – Японию, Австралию и Индию, которые одновременно выступают партнерами США. Несмотря на имеющиеся различия в оценке приоритетных векторов формирования новой региональной структуры безопасности, “четверка” (Quad, “Квад”) обеспокоена растущим экономическим влиянием и потенциальным военным доминированием КНР не только в АТР, но и в Индийском океане. В этой логике фактор сдерживания китайского мощи и поддержание регионального баланса сил является первоосновой нового четырехстороннего диалогового формата по вопросам безопасности в ИТР. На данный момент концепт ИТР только получает свое институциональное оформление. При этом устоявшийся тренд на укрепление экономической и военно-политической взаимосвязи между участниками диалога, вне зависимости от их видения формата и темпов реализации ИТР, поступательно развивается. В подобных условиях проблематика развития ИТР и перспективы дальнейшего формирования “Бриллианта безопасности” будут оставаться в центре приоритетной повестки, тем более что спада американо-китайской напряженности ожидать не приходится. В статье анализируется становление ИТР в качестве нового геополитического региона, рассматриваются изменения в доктринальных документах и динамика двусторонних связей между членами “Квад”, а также предлагается прогноз по оформлению новой региональной системы безопасности.
Развитие сельских местных сообществ: потенциал политики идентичности
Authors: Морозова Елена , Мирошниченко Инна , Семененко Ирина
Published: May 2020

Статья посвящена изучению потенциала политики идентичности как нематериального ресурса развития местных сообществ и обоснованию критериев его оценки. Перспективы перехода к новой парадигме развития в условиях кардинальных изменений в структуре общественных отношений становятся важной составляющей научного дискурса, в свою очередь, резко актуализируя задачу выявления потенциала такой политики. Эти изменения отражаются и в формировании миропорядка, и в появлении новых социальных и культурных размежеваний внутри современных обществ, в том числе в углублении цифрового неравенства и радикальной поляризации социальных пространств развития и территорий неразвития, в становлении новой повестки дня политики развития на разных уровнях политического управления. В зарубежной политической науке в последние годы растет внимание к нематериальным ресурсам и управленческим приоритетам развития негородских территорий, в частности, в контексте так называемых сельских исследований. Авторы статьи обосновывают потребность в продвижении “сельских” (негородских) исследований в российском поле политической науки. Ключевую задачу они видят в выявлении ресурсов развития сельских сообществ, в частности, возможностей и ограничений политики идентичности. По итогам интерпретации результатов проведенного в 2019 г. эмпирического исследования в Краснодарском крае (восемь фокус-групповых и 40 экспертных интервью в восьми сельских поселениях Кубани) определены маркеры локальной идентичности сельских сообществ и разработана матрица ее критериев. Охарактеризована структура и особенности политики идентичности в сельских сообществах, проанализированы такие ее институциональные механизмы, как символическая политика и политика памяти. Сравнительная оценка уровня вовлеченности различных субъектов в развитие сельских территорий и системности связанных со стратегическими приоритетами развития мероприятий позволила выявить три типа политики идентичности – реактивный, проактивный и активный, определить их потенциал в разработке и реализации политики развития российских сельских территорий с учетом их уникального социокультурного и природно-географического ландшафта, неоднородности социально-экономического и социокультурного пространства российских регионов и различных институциональных моделей местных сообществ.
Общественные палаты как институты реализации патерналистской модели взаимодействия власти и общества: опыт Тверской области и Санкт-Петербурга
Authors: Сунгуров Александр , Козлова Наталия , Мамагулашвили Давид
Published: May 2020

В статье рассматривается логика трансформации региональных общественных палат с точки зрения: а) принципов организации и подбора кадрового состава, б) функционала, заложенного в нормативно-правовой базе, в) проводимых мероприятий, отражающих содержание и направленность работы, г) информационной политики, д) выстраивания связей с общественными организациями, органами государственной власти и МСУ, е) влияния на общественно-политическую ситуацию в регионе. Методы исследования – анализ нормативно-правовой базы, а также содержания веб-сайтов общественных палат Тверской области и Санкт-Петербурга, полуструктурированные интервью с членами палат, экспертами, государственными служащими и депутатами региональных парламентов, имеющими опыт взаимодействия с общественными палатами. Авторы выделяют общие и специфические черты эволюции общественных палат Тверской области и Санкт-Петербурга. Анализ принципов организации и функционала общественных палат показывает, что заложенный в законодательстве потенциал их влияния на публичную политику ограничен. Общие изменения, касающиеся общественных палат, идут в направлении корректировки принципов их комплектования, численного состава, проработки отдельных полномочий, унификации системы региональных общественных палат. По мнению авторов, данный институт способствует активизации общественных сил, готовых встраиваться в коммуникацию по продвижению социально ориентированных проектов. Авторы считают, что генезис и эволюция в России в 2000-е годы новых общественно-государственных институтов свидетельствуют об изменении механизмов взаимодействия структур гражданского общества с государством, оформлении патерналистской модели медиации власти и общества.
“Политические инвестиции” бизнеса в России, или почему бизнес финансирует избирательные кампании
Authors: Барсукова Светлана , Денисова-Шмидт Елена
Published: May 2020

Статья посвящена финансовому участию российского бизнеса в избирательных кампаниях. На основе интервью с политтехнологами, представителями законодательной и исполнительной власти, предпринимателями выявлены различные формы и логики вовлечения бизнеса в избирательный процесс. Финансовое участие бизнеса в избирательных кампаниях может трактоваться как “политические инвестиции” бизнеса. Эти инвестиции могут носить как пассивный (вынужденный), так и активный (добровольный) характер. В статье приводится пример Ульяновской области, где смена губернаторов приняла форму борьбы различных финансово-промышленных групп за доступ к ресурсам региона. Однако эта стратегия сопряжена с риском ввиду соблазнов выдвиженца со временем расторгнуть прежние договоренности. Для минимизации подобных рисков, а также ввиду потребности обеспечить себе защиту, завязать полезные знакомства или расширить экономические возможности бизнеса, предприниматели пытаются получить депутатские мандаты. Авторы делают вывод, что электоральный процесс является для бизнеса и тяжелой ношей, и окном возможностей.
Институт премьер-министра и будущее партийно-политической системы Великобритании
Authors: Хахалкина Елена
Published: May 2020

В статье приводятся размышления по ряду важнейших политических вопросов, поднятых в книге признанного отечественного специалиста в области англоведения Н.К. Капитоновой “Британские премьер-министры. Политические портреты”. В центре данной работы – фигуры семи глав правительств, начиная с Э. Хита, при непосредственном содействии которого страна с третьей попытки стала членом Европейских сообществ, и заканчивая Т. Мэй, которая безуспешно пыталась добиться одобрения согласованного с Брюсселем соглашения о выходе из Евросоюза. Автор статьи акцентирует внимание на отдельных проблемах, вышедших на повестку дня политической и международной жизни Великобритании на фоне длительных согласований по Брекзиту как с Евросоюзом, так и внутри страны. Среди данных проблем – стремительная трансформация в партийно-политической системе Соединенного Королевства, предпочтениях электората, изменение роли парламента в отношениях с премьер-министром и возрастание значимости самой фигуры главы правительства. К этому следует добавить проблему отрыва элит от рядовых жителей, которая проявилась в неспособности политического истэблишмента Великобритании оценить реальные шансы на победу сторонников Брекзита при голосовании 23 июня 2016 г., так и услышать запросы общества на изменения в политическом курсе. Последовавшие вслед за референдумом события, связанные с длительным и болезненным периодом переговоров о “бракоразводной сделке”, противостоянием кабинета и Палаты общин (конфликт, слабо вероятный в теории, но развернувшийся на практике), конфронтацией внутри кабинета, обострением раскола внутри партий и в обществе, до сих не осмыслены в должной мере ни политическим, ни экспертным сообществом как в Великобритании, так и за ее пределами. Представляется, что глубже понять и оценить указанные сюжеты во всем их многообразии и сложности возможно именно через анализ функционала должности премьер-министра в длительной исторической динамике на примере решения наиболее острых для Великобритании внутри- и внешнеполитических вопросов.
Role of probiotics on surgical site infections in colorectal surgery
Authors: Bhasin Mayank , Sachan Praveendra Kumar
Published: May 2020

Background: Elective colorectal procedures are well known for their high rates of surgical site infections (SSI). Perioperative stabilization of microflora is a potential alternative. Usage of probiotics has significantly improved intestinal microflora and reduced infectious complications and improved surgical outcome.Methods: Observational follow-up study on 100 patients. Probiotics were given along with standard preoperative protocol and development of SSI was inspected upto 30 days. The data thus collected was subjected to descriptive analysis.Results: Colorectal malignancy was the most common indication out of which carcinoma rectum was most common comprising of 40% of the total subjects. Mean days to passage of first flatus was 3.13±1.33 days. Mean days to passage of first defecation was 4.6±1.64 days. Mean days to first solid diet was 4.42±2.02 days. Mean duration of total length of hospital stay was 14.7±8.7 days. Surgical site infections were seen in 17% of the participants of the study. Urinary tract infections were seen in 2 (2%) patients. Lower respiratory tract infections were seen in 2 (2%) patients. Anastomotic leak was present in 2 cases (2.8%) out of 70 cases. Mortality was seen in 2 (2%) cases.Conclusions: Perioperative usage of probiotics can lead to decrease in incidence of infectious complications but cannot be statistically proved due to insufficient data. Also due to early bowel functioning there is decrease in the mean hospital stay which contributed to better surgical outcome and better quality of life.
A retrospective study of histopathological exam reports of appendix in appendectomies performed at a teaching hospital in Dehradun
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Altamash Syed , Kumar Amitav , Singhal Pradeep , Bijalwan Anurag
Published: May 2020

Background: Appendix is a vestigial organ in human body. Inflammation of appendix is termed as appendicitis. The diagnosis of appendicitis still holds dilemma amongst surgeons leading to negative appendectomies on one hand and appendicular perforation on the other hand of therapeutic spectrum. Judicial patient selection for appendectomy and follow up histopathological examination for incidental findings is the cornerstone in management of appendicitis. The current study aims to assess the demographic and histopathological findings of all the appendectomies occurring within study period at our center.Methods: It was a retrospective study over two years done in a teaching hospital of Dehradun. Hospital records were retrieved from medical records department and looked for histopathological findings, demographic details and intervention. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 23. Qualitative and quantitative data were expressed in proportions and mean respectively. T-test was applied for comparison.Results: About 2/3rd of participants were males. The peak age was 20-30 years. 100 underwent open appendectomy and 45 had lap appendectomy. Commonest histopathological exam finding was acute appendicitis (46.2%) followed by peri appendicitis (40%) and resolving appendicitis (28.9%). One specimen had tubercular appendix. There were no negative appendectomies.Conclusions: Elective appendectomy in patients satisfying clinical, lab and radiological criteria can reduce negative appendectomies. Histopathological examination of appendix still holds a valid role for any incidental findings requiring further management.
Radiation induced vasculitis of iliac veins: presentation of a case and therapeutic dilemmas
Authors: Galanopoulos Georgios
Published: May 2020

A case of radiation-induced venous stenosis (phlebitis) after pelvic irradiation in a patient with prostate cancer is reported. Progressive swelling of both lower limbs developed due to bilateral external iliac vein stenosis. Conservative treatment with new oral anticoagulants and elastic stockings was conducted with clinical improvement of symptoms. Serial duplex scanning with trimestral frequency reveals no other progression of stenosis and the patient is well 2 years after diagnosis. Lack of data in the current literature makes management of this disease problematic.
Primary splenic angiosarcoma: a diagnostic enigma
Authors: Rege Sameer A. , Takalkar Yogesh , Singh Amiteshwar , Rijhsinghani Archana N.
Published: May 2020

Primary splenic angiosarcomas (PSA) arise from splenic endothelium are rare and impose a diagnostic challenge preoperative. They can present as asymptomatic splenomegaly however; the commonest presentation is abdominal pain. The spleen can rapidly increase in size and can manifest as spontaneous rupture which would cause peritoneal dissemination of disease. Early metastasis of PSA is seen in liver, lungs, lymph nodes and gastrointestinal system. Preoperative diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and ultrasound, contrast enhanced computerized tomography may essential to differentiate from splenic hemangioma. Splenic angiosarcoma are best treated with splenectomy with a limited disease, with care taken not to rupture and cause spillage. PSA are resistant to adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. Mortality is high with median survival rate of only 5 months, irrespective of treatment and hence the need to diagnose before complications. Bisphosphonates, adjuvant radiation with chemotherapy have been attempted to increase disease free survival. We report a case of PSA emphasizes on early preoperative diagnosis to avoid progression of the disease.
Hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgical education: rediscovery of cadaver based teaching
Authors: Pendlimari Rajesh , Swamygowda Nagesh N. , C. S. Sushrutha
Published: May 2020

Background: As the classical surgical training (mentor–trainee) model is not feasible in the current era of surgical training and simulation model for training young residents is proven, the advanced surgical residents may benefit from cadaver based surgical teaching.Methods: International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association India 2017 provided great opportunity to organize basic hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) anatomy workshop clubbed with HPB radiology and other advanced surgical techniques. It was attended by advanced surgical residents and practicing junior faculty. Post-program survey was conducted and results implied.Results: 131 surgeons attended and 90 (80% residents, 15.6% practicing surgeons) completed the survey. Majority (97.5%) felt that the HPB anatomy was adequately demonstrated by spending enough time for dissection techniques and discussion. Most (84.7%) never attended cadaveric dissection during or after their training program. 95.1% think that dedicated anatomy or dissection teaching sessions are either very useful or useful for their level of surgical training. All participants found cadaveric workshop either very useful (73.3%) or useful (26.7%) learning tool. Majority (73.3%) felt that demonstrated HPB procedures were appropriate for their level. All participants (100%) felt that cadaveric workshops will improve their surgical skills and many (93.4%) felt these improve their confidence in operation theatres.Conclusions: This cadaver based HPB teaching program is an initial step for unique HPB surgical education and useful adjunct for advanced surgical trainees in modern era. Residents consider this as good learning tool and possibly improve surgical skills and confidence. The translation of cadaver based HPB surgical learning into better surgical care needs evaluation in future.
Sitagliptin Repositioning in SARS-CoV-2: Effects on ACE-2, CD-26, and Inflammatory Cytokine Storms in the Lung
Authors: Dastan Farzaneh , Abedini Atefeh , Shahabi Shahram , Kiani Arda , Saffaei Ali , Zare Ahad
Published: May 2020

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Bradykinin as a Probable Aspect in SARS-Cov-2 Scenarios: Is Bradykinin Sneaking out of our Sight?
Authors: Ghahestani Seyed-Mohammad , Mahmoudi Javad , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Sioofy-Khojine Amir-Babak , Salehi-Pourmehr Hanieh , Sadeghi-Ghyassi Fatemeh , Mostafaei Hadi
Published: May 2020

The new virus SARS-CoV-2 is savagely spreading out over the world. The biologic studies show that the target receptor for the virus might be angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This peptide is responsible for converting angiotensin II (Ang II), which is a profoundly active peptide, into Ang 1-7 with quite a balancing barbell function. It is emphasized that the direct target of the virus is ACE2 underlining the obvious difference with ACE. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that a back load build up effect on Ang II may usurp the ACE capacity and subsequently leave the bradykinin system unabated. We think there are clinical clues for dry cough and the presumed aggravating role of ACE inhibitors like captopril on the disease process. Thereby, we speculated that inhibition of bradykinin synthesis and/or blockade of bradykinin B2 receptor using Aprotinin/ecallantide and Icatibant, respectively, may hold therapeutic promise in severe cases and these molecules can be advanced to clinical trials.
History of Studying Semantic Aphasia Mechanisms (Based on Materials from Lurian Archive)
Authors: Akhutina T , Agris A
Published: May 2020

The scientific heritage of Alexander Luria is vast and not completely studied. His scientific archive includes a range of documents that academics have never encountered. We analyzed the history of Luria’s research of semantic aphasia, specifically as it is related to the impairment of visuospatial processing. For this purpose, we investigated unpublished archive materials dating back to 1928–1940, particularly the monograph ‘Parietal Aphasia’ from 1940. The literature regarding the history of the issue and neurophysiological and linguistic interpretations of semantic aphasia is discussed in detail by Luria. We also introduce Luria’s diagnostic manualfor the semantic impairment of language and describe the syndrome structure of semantic aphasia. To conclude, we discuss the specificity of semantic aphasia analysis in the pre-war monograph compared to later studies.
Keywords: semantic aphasia, visuospatial processing, temporal-parietal-occipital association area, A.R. Luria, neuropsychology, neurolinguistics, history of psychology
Toward the Standardization of the BVL_RU: An Instrument for Speech and Language Assessment of Russian-speaking Children
Authors: Ruhl (Eliseeva) N , Gorobets E , Marini A
Published: May 2020

The Battery for the assessment of speech and language development in children from 4 to 12 years (BVL_4-12; [1]) was originally developed for Italian-speaking children and currently is under adaptation into several European languages including Russian. The BVL_4-12 consists of three parts and includes tasks assessing oral production, comprehension and repetition skills in children. This article describes the process of adaptation of the BVL_4-12 into Russia and focuses on the instructions’ translation and standardization. It presents the results of the tasks instructions’ clarity evaluation by an expert panel including Russian-speaking specialists constantly working with children of a target age in Russia and Italy (N = 7) and a cohort of children from 4.06 to10.10 including monolinguals with typical language development, children previously diagnosed with primary language impairment (PLI) and heritage Russian speakers (N = 84). Overall, 10 task instructions were judged as absolutely clear and 5 task instructions were somewhat unclear to some of the participants. Further analysis ofthe age of the participants who rated the instructions as ‘unclear’ was performed. Some of the youngest participants, whose age did not exceed 6.10, found that the instructions for the following tasks were not clear: phonological fluency; sentence completion; grammatical judgments; idiom comprehension, and comprehension of linguistic prosody. However, the minimum inter-rater agreement among the sample was reached. The potential explanation of the results of the study is proposed in the Discussion section.
Keywords: language assessment, Russian, children, SLI, task instructions
Cognitive Epileptiform Disintegration in Children
Authors: Gamirova R , Gorobets E , Marulina V
Published: May 2020

Cognitive epileptiform disintegration is a specific disease associated with severe epileptiform activity on the EEG in the absence of epileptic seizures accompanied by different developmental cognitive disorders in children. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these developmental disorders have changed in the last10 years. The article presents the analysis of cognitive epileptiform disintegration specificity and the results of the survey that included 57 children aged 2–7 with developmental disorders caused by epileptiform activity that was revealed during video EEG monitoring with sleep deprivation. The children were assessed with19-channel EEG, synchronized with a video-monitoring system. Recording time was 1–2 hours. The psychometric methods used for the assessment of cognitive functions were three batteries of tests for children according to their age (2 years – MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories, 3–5 years – subtests created in Kazan’ Federal University, 6–7 years – T.V. Akhutina’s methods of neuropsychological diagnosis). The results of the research show that cognitive impairment in children with cognitive epileptiform disintegration aged 2–7 are complex, and predominantly they are the results of general developmental disorders associated with constant strong electrical impact on the functional blocks of the brain. Speech is most severely affected, both expressive and impressive, but speech disorders are always accompanied by the deficit of visual-spatial and kinesthetic analyzers, the deficit of the third functional block development and behavioral (predominantly autism-like) disorders.
Keywords: cognitive epileptiform disintegration, developmental disorders, speech disorders, video EEG monitoring, higher cortical functions, assessment of speech, assessment of cognitive functions
Conformity and Reaction to Error: An ERPs Study
Authors: Golovanova I , Petrov M , Bakuleva K , Andriyanova N
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the analysis of cognitive indicators of conformal behavior. It presents the results of the study of EEG-correlates of conformity. The hypothesis of the study is that people who tend to the conformal behavior have a similar way of response on the errors and disagreement with the majority opinion. Theexperiment involved 20 participants: 11 – nonconformists, 9 – conformists according to tests (‘Interpersonal Behavior Circle’ by T. Leary and ‘Portrait Values Questionnaire’ by S. Schwartz). Participants took part in two types of tasks: arithmetic tasks and attractiveness evaluation. After solving the tasks, participants were given feedback about right/wrong decisions in arithmetic tasks, and agreement/disagreement with the majority opinion in the evaluation of people’s attractiveness. This study analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) in the case of error or disagreement with the majority opinion. The results of the study showed the differences in the indicators of bioelectric brain activity between conformal and nonconformal participants after the disagreement with the majority opinion. Conformal participants demonstrate higher amplitude of P300 wave upon presentation of the feedback of the disagreement with the majority opinion. Thus, the conformal behavior in a situation of disagreement with others’ opinion accompanied by specific ERP patterns of the brain associated with the correction of behavior.
Keywords: conformity, error processing, event-related potentials, P300, error-related negativity
Training as an Activity for Optimizing Emotional and Personality Wellbeing
Authors: Karapetyan L , Zotova O
Published: May 2020

Emotional and personality wellbeing (EPW) represents a complex system capturing a great number of elements, subjects, and objects that differ in a qualitative diversity of internal bonds and complexity of system–structural relationships with other systems and social milieu. This training aimed at optimizing emotional andpersonality wellbeing including a psychological impact on various components of the respondents’ implicit perceptions about their wellbeing, the individual’s awareness of wellbeing factors, their own limitations, adaptive resources, ability to reconstruct notional sphere and a constructive fashion of behavior. Extreme conditions of the activity predetermine most destructive effects on emotional and personal wellbeing.In light of this, the authors introduce the training program in the group of rescuers whose job involves a great number of physical and psychological risks. The training incorporates 5 four-hour thematic blocks and implies the use of such techniques as reflexive self-analysis and focusing, active visualization, techniques aimed at semantic processes’ facilitating, positive reinterpretation, as well as elements of bodily therapy, action-based and gaming techniques, coaching, sand therapy. The effectiveness of the training offered was confirmed upon applying the Wilcockson criterion that showed the validity of differences in SEPW (Self-evaluation of Emotional and Personality Wellbeing) indicators before and after the training: positive indicators have become significantly higher, negative – significantly lower; difference between mean values of integrated EPW indicators and mean value of EPW index have grown significantly. Thus, the training effectiveness was confirmed due to increased awareness of EPW self-evaluation and a wider repertoire of techniques providing normalization of actual psycho-emotional state. The authors underline that the developed training scenariocan be used in any vocational group with the account of specific character of its members’ activities.
Keywords: emotional and personality wellbeing, self-evaluation, optimization,training
Assumption of Moral Values By the Children and Adolescents in the Conditions of the Personality’s Psycho-physiological Self-restriction in the Extremal Situations
Authors: Khinkanina A
Published: May 2020

In the current conditions of the shortage of the ideals, romantic scarcity and difficulties in assimilating cultural values by the younger generation, it is important to study the topic of assumption of the moral patterns by the children and adolescents in the situations of physical and mental stress. L.S. Vygotsky and A.R. Luria’s ideas on the cultural and historical conditionalism of the psyche and personality’s development have become the methodological basis of the study. The empirical data were obtained during the cultural and historical event of high social significance held in Kirov every year in early June, and this event is connected with the transfer of social and cultural values from one generation to another. During the 2006–2017, the methods of observation, visual methods, an express survey suitable for studying the problem were selected and applied. The important pattern of behavior under the extremal conditions to be self-restriction, which is assumed by the children and adolescents in the process of withstanding the difficulties together with adults was studied. The results obtained showed that the emotional adaptability of children and adults in difficult life situations depends on the social environment and the significance of cultural and historical activities. The results of the embodied, unembodied observation and the express survey showed that the differences in the motivation of childrenand adults are not a factor of separation and are combined with the consonance of the emotional state to achieve a common goal. The data obtained open up new opportunities to explore the dynamics of self-development in the conditions of psychophysiological self-restriction and the features of the cultural values assimilation by a person and a group of people in non-standard situations.
Keywords: difficult life situation, self-restriction, internal conflict, cultural values, moral values, self-development
Differences in Neurocognitive Abilities in Premature and Full-term Infants at 5 Months of Age
Authors: Kiselev S , Lvova O , Suleymanova E
Published: May 2020

It is known that prematurity is a risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most of the studies were dedicated to those children who have reached the preschool and primary school age. However, the impact of prematurity on neurocognitive functions in the early stages of development is not investigated thoroughly. The aim of thisresearch was to reveal the differences in neurocognitive development in premature (24 babies) and gender-matched healthy mature full-term infants (31 participants) at 5 months of age. The gestational age of preterm children was between 29 and 35 weeks. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd Edition) were used to evaluate the neurocognitive abilities in children. The one-way ANOVA has revealedthat premature infants at 5 months of corrected age performed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more poorly than the full-term infants on cognitive scale, receptive language, gross and fine motor. No significant differences (p ≤.05) were found between preterm and full-term children on expressive language. In view of the obtained results, itcan be assumed that the prematurity has specific (not global) negative effect on neurocognitive development at 5 months of age.
Keywords: premature infants, neurocognitive development, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd Edition)
Correlation Between Concept of Stress and Coping Strategies Among Youth
Authors: Kuvaeva I
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article presents the results of the analysis of the correlation between the structural organization of the concept of stress and coping strategies among the freshmen, studying the humanities. The research into the subjective experience of stress of this age group reflects the content structure of the representations of stress and style of coping behaviour.
Method. The concept of stress has been studied by means of the directed associative experiment, which helps to describe the organisation of implicit representations of stress and difficult situations of a person. The content categories (stress-factors – state and immediate effects – consequences – stress process – stress management) were found in the respondents’ answers; the number of the presented categories is a measure of differentiation of the stress concept. Coping strategies were analysed with the application of the common formof «Adolescent Coping Scale». Results. It has been revealed that the increase in the degree of differentiation of the concept results in strengthening such strategies as ‘anxiety’, ‘not coping’, ‘tension reduction’ and ‘self-accusation’ (p ≤ 0.005); ‘content simplification’ of the concept leads to the demand in the strategy ‘social action’ (p =0.000). The stylistic specifics of coping behaviour of a student are connected with the degree of differentiation of the concept. Those students who have diverse implicit representations of stress are characterized by problem-oriented coping combined with the positive focus and tendency towards solitude. The orientation to problemsolving of the respondents, who gave incomplete descriptions of stress signs, is accompanied by a competing activity in terms of physical activity. The students, scarcely describing stress, enhance socio-oriented resources application for coping with a difficult situation.
Conclusion. Practical relevance of this research consists in identifying the psychological conditions, which are necessary for effective coping among various groups of students.
Keywords: stress, representations of stress, concept, coping strategies, coping behaviour, cross-cultural differences, student, youth