bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast-Feeding and Sugar Intake in Babies with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Dalben Gisele Da Silva , Costa Beatriz , Gomide Marcia Ribeiro , Neves Lucimara Teixeira Das
Published: October 2018

Objective

To investigate the pattern of breast-feeding and sugar intake among babies with cleft lip and palate.

Participants

Caretakers of 200 babies with cleft lip and palate enrolled at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.

Results

A low prevalence of breast-feeding was found. The most reported reason was the sucking inability of the baby. Complete cleft lip and palate was the primary cause affecting sucking. The first contact with sugar occurred mainly through the baby bottle with milk during the first month of life. For nutritional supplement, the children were given sugar and fruit juices in the bottle.

Conclusions

It was observed that dietary habits in babies with cleft lip and palate are more risky. This highlights the role played by early education and constant oral hygiene follow-up for prevention in these patients.
Enrichment of HER2 Amplification in Brain Metastases from Primary Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors: Mitra Devarati , Clark Jeffrey W. , Shih Helen A. , Oh Kevin S. , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Wo Jennifer Y. , Strickland Matthew R. , Curry William T. , Parikh Aparna R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Ryan David P. , Iafrate A. John , Borger Darrell R. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Hong Theodore S.
Published: October 2018

Background

In nongastric gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, HER2-positive (HER2+) disease is not common. In breast cancer, HER2 status is associated with increased risk of brain metastases and response to HER2-targeted therapy. The purpose of this project was to compare HER2 status in GI cancer brain metastases versus matched prior sites of disease in order to determine if HER2+ disease is more common intracranially.

Materials and Methods

We identified 28 patients with GI cancer who had craniotomy for brain metastases between 1999 and 2017 with intracranial metastatic tissue available at Massachusetts General Hospital. Twenty-four patients also had tissue from a prior site of disease. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER2 were performed on all samples. A tumor was defined as HER2+ if it had 3+ staining by IHC or amplification by FISH.

Results

A prior site of disease (including intracranial metastases) was HER2+ for 13% of evaluable patients: 3 of 11 patients with colorectal cancer and no patients with esophageal or pancreatic cancer. The most recent brain metastases were HER2+ for 32% of patients: 2 of 3 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 3 of 10 esophageal adenocarcinomas (ACs), 3 of 14 colorectal ACs, and 1 of 1 pancreatic AC. Only 37.5% of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis had concordant HER2+ prior tissue (κ = 0.38, p = .017).

Conclusion

In this cohort of patients with GI cancer with brain metastases, HER2+ status was more common intracranially compared with prior sites of disease. These findings suggest that testing HER2 in patients with GI cancer with brain metastases may lead to additional therapeutic options, regardless of HER2 status in previously examined tissue.

Implications for Practice

HER2 amplification is a well-known driver of oncogenesis in breast cancer, with associated increased risk of brain metastases and response to HER2-directed therapy. In nongastric gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, HER2 amplification is not common and consequently is infrequently tested. The current study shows that brain metastases in patients with GI primary malignancies have a relatively high likelihood of being HER2 positive despite HER2 amplification or overexpression being less commonly found in matched tissue from prior sites of disease. This suggests that regardless of prior molecular testing, patients with GI cancer with brain metastases who have tissue available are likely to benefit from HER2 assessment to identify potential novel therapeutic options.
Design feasibility of load-bearing masonry building for energy-efficient construction
Authors: Gavali Hindavi Ramachandra , Ralegaonkar Rahul V.
Published: October 2018

With increasing urbanisation in developing countries such as India, designing low-cost and energy-efficient housing is an urgent requirement. Adoption of sustainable construction methods and materials assist in reducing the environmental impact and cost of these constructions. This paper compares the design feasibility of a single-storey load-bearing masonry building and a reinforced-concrete-framed structure for energy-efficient constructions. A systematic methodology is applied for residential buildings that come under the composite climate zone. Given energy-efficient design, two different building typologies, one a load-bearing structure with filler slab and the other a conventional reinforced-concrete-framed structure, have been analysed by a computational approach. With due consideration for structural stability, embodied energy, peak cooling load and the cost of construction were evaluated and compared. The load-bearing structure designed with filler slab resulted in saving costs and embodied and operational energy demand by 5%, 32% and 25%, respectively, as compared with the traditional reinforced-concrete-framed structure.
A multikulturális oktatás és az etnikai tolerancia kialakulása Kárpátalja óvodai nevelési intézményeiben
Authors: Reho Anna
Published: October 2018

Zakarpatia is a multinational land, alongside with each other live Ukrainian, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Roma, Slovak, German people and other national minorities; it is what makes this land unique. From the remote times, the issues of national, multicultural, patriotic education, formation of positive, tolerant attitude towards the representatives of different nationalities have been relevant on the territory of the land. At the age of 4 a child shows the first signs of ethnic identity, it is reasonable at this age to start working on formation of ethnic and confessional tolerance.Our goal is to educate a person, who, preserving the social and cultural identity, aspires to understand other cultures, respects other cultural and ethnic similarities, is able to live in peace and harmony with the representatives of different nationalities, races, beliefs. The experience of multicultural education and tolerant coexistence of preschool-age children in preschool educational establishments of Zakarpatia have been revealed in the publication.
A pedagógusok szakmai önértékelése egy kvalitatív vizsgálat tükrében
Authors: Zagyváné Szűcs Ida
Published: October 2018

The concepts of self-reflexion and self-assessment have become the key elements of the teachers’ professional development in Hungary with the introduction of the Teachers’ Career Model. The concepts are new for most of the Hungarian teachers. Therefore, our research is addressed to clarify what the teachers mean by these two notions and whether they apply them in their everyday professional life. In the frame of the qualitative research paradigm, we made half-structured interviews with six teachers with a wide scope of professional background. We conducted qualitative content analysis applying the Step by step model by Philipp Mayring. The results of our investigation show that self-assessment is constantly present in the teachers’ professional life. Furthermore, we could identify some specific categories to construct the concept of self-assessment. The results of our research will be used to work out the measuring tool of a wider scale quantitative research within a nested research pattern.
A közösség margóján „táncoló iskola”
Authors: Szoboszlai Regina
Published: October 2018

E sorok írójának pedagógusként tapasztalatot szerezve került a kezébe az Iskolák a társadalom peremén című könyv, s így az ebben közölt kutatási eredmények párbeszédre keltek a tapasztalatokkal. Úgy véljük, az oktatáspolitika formálóinak, az oktatáskutatóknak és a pedagógusoknak nemcsak közös feladata, hanem lehetősége is, hogy odafigyeljünk az alacsony státusú diákokat tanító eredményes tanárok – talán nem látványos, de vitathatatlanul létező – sikereinek titkára. Ezért érdemel figyelmet e könyv.
Végzettség nélküli iskolaelhagyás prevenciója megújuló pedagógusképzési program segítségével
Authors: Hanák Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2018

The concept of Early School Leaving (ESL) is relatively new in Hungary. The proportion of early school leaving was slightly decreasing until 2010, but since then it has been increasing according to KSH (Central Statistical Office). A number of international publications deal with this issue: Schargel, Thacker and Bell (2007); Rumberger, Lim (2008); Lyche (2010). In Hungary extended research is being carried out into the problem: Meleg (2015); Imre (2014); Mihályi (2014); Forgács (2009); Hanák (2016) etc. The questions are whether teacher training is able to promote the prevention of ESL and what short and long term results it can offer. This publication presents and examines a teacher training programme focusing on the prevention of ESL.
Környezeti attitűdöt befolyásoló hatástényezők
Authors: Kónya György
Published: October 2018

In the past decade, environmental education received ever increasing attention in the Hungarian educational system. In addition to the diverse educational methods used in shaping the learners’ appropriate environmental attitude, the Eco-school Network /Ökoiskola/ also plays an important role. The arsenal of methods used in and out of class that can be used to raise environmental awareness is continuously growing. The question is whether the various conditions do, in fact, contribute to the development of the students’ positive environmental attidutudes. In our investigation we examined influencing factors (school maintainer, year), which, according to our hypothesis, help the shaping of environmental attitude. Our results suggest that the type of the school is not a decisive factor in shaping the environmental attitude of the students examined. There is no change for the better in students’ environmental attitude in higher grades (clasess 9 to 12), either.
Mint(h)atréning, a felsőoktatás fenegyereke – koncepció és teszt bemutatása
Authors: Kurucz Attila , Magyar-Stifter Viktória
Published: October 2018

In education training can be found as a practise oriented form of teaching. But there is a question how training can be the most efficient in business education. Of course, it helps to develop capabilities and competences, but it is not sure whether the main goal, that the knowledge is integrated at the interpretation level of the students, is achieved. On the other hand, the leaders, managers (low and middle level as well), especially the HR workers at companies, used to need to train their employees. In the last two years we started to apply a special way of training, in which the students take apart in a training and prepare an own program as well. It is called Sample Training Method (STM) which gives a chance to the students to get some experience of group leading and they can develop themselves.
Определение моногидроксиаренов методом ТСХ
Authors: Асташкина А. П. , Шорманов В. К. , Тарасова О. В. , Сухомлинов Ю. А. , Пугачёва О. И. , Орехова Л. О.
Published: October 2018

Изучена возможность использования метода тонкослойной хроматографии на нормально-фазном сорбенте СТХ-1А (пластины «Сорбфил») для анализа некоторых представителей группы моногидроксиаренов. В качестве объектов исследования рассмотрены гидроксибензол, 2,4-диметилгидроксибензол, 2,6-диметилгидроксибензол, 2,4-диметил-6-трет-бутилгидроксибензол и 2,6-ди-трет-бутил-4-метилгидроксибензол. Определены параметры хроматографирования анализируемых соединений с использованием подвижных фаз малой и средней полярности. Обоснованы оптимальные условия разделения моногидроксиаренов и их идентификации как в чистом виде, так и после выделения из биологического материала
Синтез и сорбционные свойства металл-углеродного сорбента на основе шунгита, модифицированного серебром
Authors: Goncharova Irina S. , Polunina Irina A. , Polunin Konstantin E. , Buryak Alexei K.
Published: October 2018

Синтезированы металл-углеродные сорбенты на основе высокодисперсного пористого шунгита,модифицированного серебром. Методами энергодисперсионного рентгеновского микроанализа, дисперсионного анализа и поверхностно-активированной масс-спектрометрии с лазерной десорбцией /ионизацией исследованы физико-химические свойства металл-углеродных материалов и их сорбционные свойства по отношению к фенолу. Установлено, что серебро прочно удерживается на поверхности шунгита и его ионизация затруднена. Поверхностных кластеров, содержащих молекулы фенола и серебра, на поверхности металл-углеродного сорбента, модифицированного фенолом, не обнаружено. Модифицирование шунгита серебром способствует увеличению дисперсности его водных суспензий в результате усиления гидрофильных свойств шунгита.
Эффективность ценообразования российских IPO
Authors: Ивашковская Ирина Васильевна , Харламов Леонид Сергеевич
Published: October 2018

В статье анализируются результаты IPO, проведенных российскими компаниями с 1996 г. по I квартал 2007 г., и пути повышения эффективности их ценообразования. Решение данной задачи тесно связанно с понятием недооценки IPO (Underpricing) и так называемым феноменом частичного приспособления, четко прослеживающимся на данных по российским компаниям. Для оценки эффективности проведенного IPO обычно используют два подхода: сравнивают цену размещения с ценовым диапазоном (чем ближе к верхней границе ценового диапазона, тем лучше) либо с рыночной ценой по итогам первого дня торгов (недооценка IPO). Упомянутый ранее феномен частичного приспособления показывает, что чем ближе к верхней границе ценового диапазона оказалась цена размещения, тем выше недооценка IPO. Таким образом, возникает противоречие двух трактовок эффективности ценообразования. В смягчении данного противоречия заключается задача поиска путей повышения эффективности ценообразования IPO (Initial Public Offering).
Блок «Корпоративное управление и корпоративные результаты: эмпирические доказательства на опыте развитых стран»
Authors: Пирогов Никита Константинович , Урюпин Сергей
Published: October 2018

Среди участников Второй Международной конференции «Корпоративное управление и устойчивое развитие бизнеса: стратегические роли советов директоров» были представители зарубежных университетов. Часть исследований основывалась на данных компаний развитого рынка. Авторы в своих докладах представили эмпирические свидетельства связи факторов корпоративного управления с результативностью компаний. В предлагаемом обзоре будут рассмотрены следующие работы: - Поль Ло, профессор. Колледж бизнеса и экономики, Университет Делавера, США (Paul Laux, Professor, College of Business and Economics, University of Delaware, USA). «Структура совета директоров и привлечение капитала путем вторичных размещений акций: исследование реакции рынка». - Хью Грув, профессор. Университет Денвера, США (Hugh Grove, Professor, University of Denver, USA). «Корпоративное управление и вознаграждение исполнительных директоров: исследование реакции рынка на манипуляции с заработной платой». - Джованни Урга, профессор. Бизнес-школа CASS, Городской университет, Лондон, Великобритания (Giovanni Urga, Professor, CASS Business School, City University, London). «Когда мажоритарные акционеры живут как короли? Опыт телекома Италии». - Микеле Меоли, профессор. Университет Бергамо, Италия (Michele Meoli, University of Bergamo, Italy). «Действительно ли выпуск прав защищает миноритарных акционеров? Эмпирическое доказательство на основе кейса Италии». В обзоре будут рассмотрены основные результаты, полученные авторами, а также представлены методологические особенности проведенных исследований. Современные академические работы в области анализа факторов корпоративного управления редко являются специализированными. Все чаще они носят междисциплинарный характер, что косвенно говорит о глубокой проработке проблемы анализа факторов корпоративного управления в научной литературе.
Обзор докладов Второй Международной конференции «Корпоративное управление и устойчивое развитие бизнеса: стратегические роли советов директоров». Блок «Корпоративная социальная ответственность»
Authors: Мэттью Алекс Сеттлз
Published: October 2018

Десять лет назад нельзя было предположить, что популярность проблематики корпоративного управления достигнет в России сегодняшнего уровня. Академические исследователи и профессионалы-практики регулярно собираются за одним столом, чтобы обсудить результаты исследований, направления развития и потенциальные пути решения существующих проблем. Концепция корпоративной социальной ответственности, похоже, будет иметь аналогичную историю развития. Вопрос построения эффективной системы взаимоотношений со стейкхолдерами становится все более популярным. В данном обзоре мы попытаемся осветить основные положения докладов, связанных с проблемой развития принципов корпоративной социальной ответственности в России и за рубежом.
Post-traumatic stress and related symptoms in a gestation after a gestational loss: narrative review
Authors: Fernández Ordóñez Eloísa ,   Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España., Rengel Díaz Cristóbal , Morales Gil Isabel María , Labajos Manzanares María Teresa ,   Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.,   Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.
Published: October 2018

Background. Around 30% of pregnancies conclude in a gestational loss. Most women who suffer a gestational loss become pregnant again. However, mothers who have experienced this situation live the new pregnancy with fear and anxiety. Objective. To perform an update of the main works done in the study of post-traumatic stress and related symptoms during pregnancy after a gestational loss. Method. The Medline database was consulted. Articles published from 2007 to date were selected. Key words related to the topic of study were used. Results. The studies reviewed showed five entities that deserve attention during a pregnancy achieved after a gestational loss: post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, relationship, and relationship with the future child. There is a relationship between the presence of post-traumatic stress and the risk of developing depression and anxiety. Discussion and conclusion. Women who experience perinatal loss, regardless of the type of loss and the gestational age in which it occurs, are at risk of continuing grief, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress in later pregnancy. The gestational age and the time elapsed between the perinatal loss and the next pregnancy seem to be the most influential factors in the development of post-traumatic stress sindrome, and symptoms of dysfunctional grief, anxiety, and depression.
Image and Discursive Landscape: Reflections on Iconic Land Art of the American West
Authors: Pomerantz Kaitlin
Published: October 2018

The writer, a interdisciplinary visual artist focusing on landscape and land use, took a trip in the fall of 2016 through various iconic land art sites with Texas Tech University’s Land Arts of the American West program. Immersive engagement with sites such as Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty (1968) and Michael Heizer’s Double Negative (1969-70) offered the opportunity to reflect—critically and experientially—on the ways that the land artists’ speculations on natural history and humanity’s experience of landscape resonate both with the planned degradation of the sites, and our new, more fraught relationship to environmental change.
Bacterial DNA damage effectors in host cells
Authors: Druzhinin Vladimir G. , Baranova Elizaveta D. , Buslaev Vladislav Yu. , Matskova Lyudmila V. , Tolstikova Alina V.
Published: October 2018

The microbiota has a significant, and sometimes decisive, effect on the host's homeostasis. The results of recent metagenomic studies confirm the importance of microbiota in maintaining health or its impact on the development of acute, chronic and neoplastic diseases. One of the important aspects of microbiota exposure is the ability of many bacterial species to induce mutations or modulate a mutation process in the cells of the host organism. This review summarizes the main experimental data revealing various mechanisms of genotoxic action of a bacterial microbiota, including direct damage to the DNA structure, induction of oxidative stress, delay in replication, and a decrease in repair efficiency. It is emphasized that bacteria use different strategies to ensure their own survival and replication, including. by suppressing the repair of host cell DNA, by promoting the survival of infected cells, despite the presence of DNA damage therein.
Faithful until the very end (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the death of Evgeny Sergeevich Botkin)
Authors: Ovsyannikov Dmitriy Yu. , Siluyanova Irina V.
Published: October 2018

In 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the death of Evgeny Sergeevich Botkin, who was the last medical doctor of the last Russian emperor Nicholas II and voluntarily went to his death with his patients. The article considers the main stages of the life and professional path of E.S. Botkin, his contribution to the development of national medicine is estimated. His scientific, pedagogical and social activities are described, and basic biographical data are presented. Separately, ethical views on the doctor's duty, based on the principle of the dominant interests of the patient, are characterized.
Improving the allocation of junior doctor resources using a Pareto analysis of pager activity
Authors: Khan Afroze S. , Biggs Timothy C. , Faoury Morad
Published: October 2018

Background: Pareto analysis is the cornerstone of most businesses improvement strategies around the world. It has been used in healthcare as part of quality improvement endeavours. Pager activity can be used as a surrogate to assess the sources and frequency of demands on junior doctor resources. Thus our aim is to analyse and improve the allocation of junior doctor resources through the study of pager calls using the Pareto principle.

Methods: Retrospective observational study examining pager calls to Ear, Nose & Throat junior doctor/residents at the University Hospital Southampton, a tertiary referral centre on the south coast of the United Kingdom. A Pareto principle analysis was undertaken, assessing whether the majority of activity stems from a minority of sources.  

Results: In total, 2853 pager calls were included, averaging 31 pages a day over a three-month period. Highest daily page activity occurred at 11 am and 2 pm. Data conformed to the Pareto principle; 80% of activity came from 22% of sources, with the paediatric department providing the highest demand.

Conclusions: Analysis of pager frequency data has shown confirmation to the Pareto principle, identifying that the majority of calls to the junior doctor/resident originate from a limited number of departments/locations. Such analysis has allowed a restructuring of resources, to better streamline departmental efficiency. A broader appreciation and adoption of Pareto analysis within the healthcare sector would enable improved resource allocation, in an era of limited healthcare budgets.
Educación sexual en mujeres adolescentes en una zona marginal urbana de México
Authors: Garcia-Rosas Edgardo , Macías-Amaya Diana
Published: October 2018

El embarazo en las adolescentes afecta la salud de la madre, tiene afecciones en las expectativas de la vida personal, en el ámbito educativo, social, laboral y en los aspectos económicos. Alrededor de este problema de salud pública existe migración, desintegración familiar, limitados servicios educativos y de salud así, como escasas opciones de trabajo y malas condiciones de vivienda. El presente estudio pretende incrementar los conocimientos sobre sexualidad de adolescentes de tres planteles de educación primaria a través de una intervención educativa. Los métodos incluyen tres etapas: una primera medición de los conocimientos; una intervención educativa de once sesiones; y, una segunda medición. Se utilizó el programa SPSS Versión 20.0 para el procesamiento y análisis de los datos.  Entre los resultados destaca que participaron 168 mujeres adolescentes con una edad mínima de 9 años y máxima de 14 años; en general hubo un incremento de los conocimientos sobre sexualidad debido a la intervención educativa realizada. Se concluye que es importante realizar este tipo de intervenciones en la población adolescente a fin de disminuir el embarazo adolescente. Habrá que dar seguimiento a las participantes en miras de identificar sus conductas sexuales.
Fundamentação teórica e experiência da “pobreza” institucional
Authors: Tiejun Wen , XIAODAN Dong , Dianchuang Yang
Published: October 2018

Simultaneamente adotando e descartando teorias do desenvolvimento com elementos eurocentristas, este trabalho tenta inovar a teoria da pobreza da economia institucional propondo a hipótese da assimetria de custos e benefícios na estrutura institucional. Revisa e analisa um entendimento histórico comum: que a transferência de custos é a causa intrínseca da pobreza dos países subdesenvolvidos durante diferentes estágios do desenvolvimento do capitalismo. Este texto é parte de uma reflexão maior. Em outro artigo, analisamos a experiência e o mecanismo intrínseco através do qual a China evita “[…] a armadilha do desenvolvimento […]” que aprisiona países em desenvolvimento de um modo geral.
Physical Activity and Nutrition in Early Years Care Centres: Barriers and Facilitators
Authors: Chow Amanda Froehlich , Humbert Louise
Published: October 2018

Physical activity and good nutrition are key components of healthy living and reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases. Current research indicates that young Canadian children are not active enough for healthy growth and development (Temple et al., 2009). In addition their diets are lacking in fruits and vegetables, and excessively high in processed foods. Parents play a key role in establishing healthy behaviours; however early years professionals also have a strong influence, as many young children spend a large portion of their day in child care centres. This study aimed to use an ecological framework to identify specific factors (facilitators and barriers) that professionals in urban child care centres faced when promoting physical activity and nutrition. Seven urban child care centre professionals participated in one on one semi-structured interviews, with questions developed around McLeroy’s (1988) ecological model. Reported acilitators and barriers were categorized using the ecological model at individual level (i.e., intrapersonal) or social environmental (interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy) level. The classification of factors into distinct categories was important, as this information can aid in designing initiatives that target.
Children’s Views of the Learning Environment: A Study Exploring the Reggio Emilia Principle of the Environment as the Third Teacher
Authors: Robson Kelsey , Mastrangelo Sonia
Published: October 2018

This research study explored the concept ofthe environment as the third teacher and howkindergarten children in a school inspired byReggio Emilia viewed their classroom as a spaceto help them learn. A qualitative analysis ofthe research data reveals that children perceivetheir environment as a space that contributesto their learning and acts as a third teacher inthe classroom. In summary, the children in thisstudy described the specific ways they were ableto learn with the materials located within thecentres of their classroom, the ways they engagedin imaginative or pretend play, making real-lifeconnections and communicating with peers, andthe learning that developed through explorationof the documentation on the classroom walls.
SOSYAL TEORİNİN KONUSU OLARAK KİMLİK: SOSYAL İNŞACI YAKLAŞIM
Authors: ALPMAN Polat S.
Published: October 2018

Kimlik konusuna ilişkin sosyolojik ilgi genellikle iki uç eğilimin arasında şekillenmektedir. Kimliği sosyalteorinin merkezine yerleştirmek ile onu sosyal teorinin dışına itmek olarak ifade edilebilecek bu eğilimlerindışında kalan yaklaşımlar ise kimliğin modern toplumlar için ne anlama geldiğini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır.Bu yaklaşımlar içerisinde etkili olanlardan biri sosyal inşacı yaklaşımdır. Sosyal inşacılık, semboliketkileşimciliğin benlik/kimlik hakkındaki önermelerini geliştirerek kimliği, sosyalliğin içerisinde kurulanilişkilerin bir tezahürü olarak açıklamayı hedefler.Sembolik etkileşimcilik, modern toplumların karmaşık yapısı içerisinde kimliğin karşılık geldiği anlamlarıararken benlik kavramına vurgu yaptı. Sembolik etkileşimcilik ve etnometodolojik yaklaşımlar için kimlik,gündelik yaşam içerisindeki etkileşimlerle inşa edilen benliğin bir tezahürüydü. Sosyal inşacılık ise kimliği,gerçekliğin inşa edilme biçimlerinden biri olarak ele aldı. Modern toplumlardaki karmaşık ilişki ağlarıiçerisinde kimliğin rolünü ve işlevini açıklamaya yönelik bu yaklaşımlar, bir anlamda, modernizme içkinolan ‘anlam krizini’ açıklamanın yollarını aramaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyoloji içerisinde kimliğinbir sosyal analiz birimi olarak kullanılmasından hareketle, sosyal inşacı teorinin kapsadığı yeriaçıklamaktır.
Descripción y comparación entre morfotipos de Fusarium brachygibbosum, F. falciforme y F. oxysporum patogénicos en sandía cultivada en Sonora, México
Authors: Rentería-Martínez María Eugenia , Guerra-Camacho Miguel Ángel , Ochoa-Meza Andrés , Moreno-Salazar Sergio Franciso , Meza-Moller Amparo Del Carmen , Guzmán-Ortiz Juan Manuel
Published: October 2018

Recientemente se ha identificado a Fusarium brachygibbosum, F. falciforme y F. oxysporum como causantes de marchitez y muerte en plantas de sandía en Sonora, México. Debido a la escasa información morfológica acerca de F. brachygibbosum y con el fin de establecer las características macroscópicas y microscópicas distintivas entre las especies, en el presente trabajo se realizó la descripción de cuatro morfotipos F. brachygibbosum y su comparación con tres de F. falciforme y dos de F. oxysporum. La categorización de los morfotipos se realizó, con base en la forma de crecimiento, tonalidades del micelio y el color desarrollado en agar-dextrosa-papa, a partir de 32 aislados de Fusarium patogénicos en sandía. Los cuatro morfotipos de F. brachygibbosum presentaron clamidosporas sencillas o dobles, de pared gruesa, intercalares y terminales. Monofiálides cortas y escasas polifiálides. Macroconidios con células apicales en ligera forma de gancho y células basales con forma típica o ligera forma de pie. El mayor grosor de paredes fue distintivo en las clamidosporas de F. brachygibbosum. La morfología de los macroconidios fue diferente en las tres especies. Una característica distintiva en los morfotipos de F. falciforme fueron las monofiálides largas y delgadas; mientras que en los de F. oxysporum fue la ausencia de septos en los microconidios. El tamaño de los macroconidios y microconidios fue significativamente diferente entre los morfotipos, pero no entre las especies.
Determination of reasons for organisational silence of executive nurses
Authors: Ciris Cennet
Published: October 2018

The research has been carried out as a descriptive way to find out to determine the factors that affect the silence of executive nurses. The research consists of a university hospital in Istanbul as 101 executive nurses employed. The relationship among the demographic features of the executive nurses, the questions as for speaking tendency and the factors that affect their silence have been tried to be identified. It has also been statistically analysed whether any relationship has existed among these. The findings of the research show that; 25.7% of the executive nurses don’t shared when they reached the important information about the work and that their silence for reasons of great priority was ‘managerial and organisational reasons’. The scores the nurses mentioned above got from the scales of the issue and they were reasons why they were silent were meaningful when the correlation tables studied.Keywords: Nursing, executive nursing, organisational silence, silence in executive nurses.
Teaching Human Computer Interaction: First Experiences
Authors: Calderón Marta E.
Published: October 2018

Human-computer interaction is a very recent discipline at the Universidad de Costa Rica. Inthis paper we present the experiences of the first academic year the first courses about humancomputerinteraction, an undergraduate course and a Masters course, were designed andtaught. The HCI course introduction strategy consisted of two steps: 1) to initiate a dedicatedundergraduate course during the first term, and 2) to initiate a dedicated Masters courseduring the second term, simultaneously taught with the undergraduate course. Both coursesshare the outline. However, due to differences among undergraduate and graduate studentsand among undergraduate and Masters courses, evaluation methodology differences wereimplemented, resulting in more assignments and a higher exigency level for graduatestudents. Work in the classroom is different for each of the courses, because graduate studentscan build their own knowledge based on their previous working experience and on theexchange of ideas with other students. In both undergraduate and Masters courses, emphasisis set on practice supported by theory.
A comparison of gaze behavior among elderly and younger adults during locomotor tasks
Authors: Fontana Fabio E , Uding Alexandria , Cleneden Andrew , Cain Lindsey , Shaddox Lea Ann , Mack Mick G.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this project was to compare the gaze behavior of older adults to young adults during locomotor tasks requiring participants to change the direction and vary the speed of walking.Older adults were further divided into high- and low-risk of falling groups based on scores in the Berg balance scale and pre-established risk factor criteria. Gaze behavior was measured using the applied sciences eye tracking system as participants walked under four different conditions. The results suggest that, independent of group or target, fixations on target were shorter, the faster participants walked. Results also revealed that older adults at high-risk of falling tended to move their gaze off the to-be-stepped-on target before actually making heel contact with the target, whereas the young and older adults at low-risk of falling did not. Based on these results we recommend warning older adults about the negative effects of walking speed on their ability to recognize and comprehend the challenges on the ground ahead by suggesting they slow down when walking. Another strategy is to train older adults to make heel contact with the ground before transferring their gaze to another aspect of the environment, which may serve to reduce the likelihood of tripping.
High-Performance Thermal Management Nanocomposites: Silver Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Zhou Yongcun , Zhuang Xiao , Wu Feixiang , Liu Feng
Published: October 2018

Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity have a great potential for applications in modern electronics due to their low cost, easy process, and stable physical and chemical properties. Nevertheless, most polymer composites commonly possess unsatisfactory thermal conductivity, primarily because of the high interfacial thermal resistance between inorganic ﬁllers. Herein, we developed a novel method through silver functionalized graphene nanosheets (GNS) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites with excellent thermal properties to meet the requirements of thermal management. The effects of composites on interfacial structure and properties of the composites were identiﬁed, and the microstructures and properties of the composites were studied as a function of the volume fraction of fillers. An ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 12.3 W/mK for polymer matrix composites was obtained, which is an approximate enhancement of 69.1 times compared to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Moreover, these composites showed more competitive thermal conductivities compared to untreated fillers/PVA composites applied to the desktop central processing unit, making these composites a high-performance alternative to be used for thermal management.
Landscape Agroecology. the Dysfunctionalities of Industrial Agriculture and the Loss of the Circular Bioeconomy in the Barcelona Region, 1956-2009
Authors: Cattaneo Claudio , Marull Joan , Tello Enric
Published: October 2018

The paper analyses how between 1956 and 2009 the agrarian metabolism of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (BMR) has become less functional, losing circularity in biomass flows and in relationship to its landscape. We do so by adopting a Multi-EROI and flow-fund (MuSIASEM) analyses and its nexus with landscape functional structure. The study of agricultural flows of Final Produce, Biomass Reused and External Inputs is integrated with that of land use, livestock, power capacity and population changes between 1956 (at the beginning of the Green Revolution) and 2009 (fully industrialized agriculture). A multi-scale analysis is conducted at the landscape scale (seven districts within the Barcelona metropolitan region) as well as for the functions deployed, within an agroecosystem, by the mutual interactions between its funds (land-uses, livestock and farming population). A complex nexus between land, livestock, dietary patterns and energy needs is shown; we conclude that from the perspective of the circular bioeconomy the agrarian sector has gone worse hand in hand with the landscape functional structure. Therefore, a novel perspective in landscape agroecology is opened
Multifunctional Platform Based on Electroactive Polymers and Silica Nanoparticles for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Ribeiro Sylvie , Ribeiro Tânia , Ribeiro Clarisse , Correia Daniela M. , Farinha João P. Sequeira , Gomes Andreia Castro , Baleizão Carlos , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Published: October 2018

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites processed with different morphologies, such as porous and non-porous films and fibres, have been prepared with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) of varying diameter (17, 100, 160 and 300 nm) which in turn have encapsulated perylenediimide (PDI), a fluorescent molecule. Structural, morphological, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, with SiNP filler concentration up to 16 wt% were evaluated. Further, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation studies were performed. All SiNPs are negatively charged independently of the pH and more stable from pH 5 upwards. The SiNPs introduction within the polymer matrix increases the contact angle independently of the nanoparticle diameters and the smallest ones (17 nm) improve the PVDF Young modulus from 0.94 ± 0.04 GPa for the pristine polymer film to 1.05 ± 0.06 GPa. Varying filler diameter, physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer matrix were not significantly affected. Finally, the SiNPs inclusion does not induce cytotoxicity in murine myoblasts (C2C12) after 72 h of contact and proliferation studies reveal that the prepared composites represent a suitable platform for tissue engineering applications, as they allow to combine the biocompatibility and piezoelectricity of the polymer with the possible functionalization and drug encapsulation and release of the SiNP.
Predicting Freeway Travelling Time Using Multiple-Source Data
Authors: Long Kejun , Yao Wukai , Gu Jian , Wu Wei
Published: October 2018

Freeway travelling time is affected by many factors including traffic volume, adverse weather, accident, traffic control and so on. We employ the multiple source data-mining method to analyze freeway travelling time. We collected toll data, weather data, traffic accident disposal logs and other historical data of freeway G5513 in Hunan province, China. Using Support Vector Machine (SVM), we proposed the travelling time model based on these databases. The new SVM model can simulate the nonlinear relationship between travelling time and those factors. In order to improve the precision of the SVM model, we applied Artificial Fish Swarm algorithm to optimize the SVM model parameters, which include the kernel parameter σ, non-sensitive loss function parameter ε, and penalty parameter C. We compared the new optimized SVM model with Back Propagation (BP) neural network and common SVM model, using the historical data collected from freeway G5513. The results show that the accuracy of the optimized SVM model is 17.27% and 16.44% higher than those of the BP neural network model and the common SVM model respectively.
Investigation of Micro Gas Turbine Systems for High Speed Long Loiter Tactical Unmanned Air Systems
Authors: Large James , Pesyridis Apostolos
Published: October 2018

In this study, the on-going research into the improvement of micro-gas turbine propulsion system performance and the suitability for application as propulsion systems for small tactical UAVs (<600 kg) is investigated. The study is focused around the concept of converting existing micro turbojet engines to turbofan with the use of a continuously variable gearbox, thus maintaining a single spool configuration and relative design simplicity. This is an effort to reduce the initial engine development cost, whilst improving propulsive performance. The BMT 120 KS micro turbojet engine is selected for performance evaluation of the conversion process using gas turbine performance software, GasTurb13. The preliminary design of a matched low-pressure compressor (LPC) for the proposed engine is then performed using meanline calculation methods. According to the analysis carried out, an improvement in the converted micro gas turbine engine performance in terms of thrust and specific fuel consumption is achieved. Furthermore, with the introduction of a CVT gearbox, fan speed operation may be adjusted independently of the core, allowing increased thrust generation or better fuel consumption. Therefore, enabling a wider gamut of operating conditions and enhances the performance and scope of tactical UAV.
Precarious or Decent Work? Perceived Working Conditions and Life Satisfaction of SME Workers in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain A H M Belayeth , Endut Noraida , Sultana Sumena
Published: October 2018

This study measures key indicators of perceived precarity and decent working conditions and their relative effects on life satisfaction of workers in small and medium-sized enterprises. Using a random sample survey, we interviewed 103 workers in four districts of Sylhet division in Bangladesh. Utilizing Smart PLS application for structural equation modeling, we iterated the samples 1000 times which resulted in a new sample size standing at 499. We used a Likert-type five-point scaling technique, with appropriate items related to the latent constructs of the model, for path analysis. We found perceived precariousness has the highest causal relations with a path coefficient of 0.706 with social dialogue (an indicator of decent working conditions) followed by 0.539 with working hour issue, 0.345 with life satisfaction and 0.301 with the unacceptable work issue. The importance-performance map analysis confirms that perceived precarity is the most critical construct for worker’s life satisfaction. Thus, in a ceteris paribus situation, an increase of one point in the performance on the perceived precarity is expected to increase in the performance on the life satisfaction by a total effect level of 0.428. Therefore, we recommend further attention should be paid by the policymakers to the issue of consciousness of the precarity at the workplace for a better life satisfaction of workers.
Improving the Accuracy of Open Source Digital Elevation Models with Multi-scale Fusion and Slope Position-Based Linear Regression Method
Authors: Tian Yu , Lei Shaogang , Bian Zhegnfu , Lu Jie , Zhang Shubi , Fang Jie
Published: October 2018

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are widely used in geographic and environmental studies. In the current work, the fusion of multi-source DEMs is investigated to improve the overall accuracy of public domain DEMs. Multi-scale decomposition is an important analytical method in data fusion. Three multi-scale decomposition methods – the wavelet transform (WT), bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and nonlinear adaptive multi-scale decomposition (N-AMD) - are applied to the 1-arc-second Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global digital elevation model (SRTM-1 DEM) and the Advanced Land Observing Satellite World 3D – 30 m digital surface model (AW3D30 DSM) in China. Of these, the WT and BEMD are popular image fusion methods. A new approach for DEM fusion is developed using N-AMD (which is originally invented to remove the cycle from sunspots). Subsequently, a window-based rule is proposed for the fusion of corresponding frequency components obtained by these methods. Quantitative results show that N-AMD is more suitable for multi-scale fusion of multi-source DEMs, taking the ice cloud and land elevation satellite (ICESat) global land surface altimetry data as a reference. The vertical accuracy of the fused DEM shows significant improvements of 29.6% and 19.3% in a mountainous region and 27.4% and 15.5% in a low-relief region, compared to the SRTM-1 and AW3D30 respectively. Furthermore, a slope position-based linear regression method is developed to calibrate the fused DEM for different slope position classes, by investigating the distribution of the fused DEM error with topography. The results indicate that the accuracy of the DEM calibrated by this method is improved by 16% and 13.6%, compared to the fused DEM in the mountainous region and low-relief region respectively, proving that it is a practical and simple means of further increasing the accuracy of the fused DEM.
Detection of the Downy Mildew Pathogen on Seed of Basil Following Field Infection in Southern New Jersey
Authors: Wyenandt Christian A. , Maimone Lisa R. , Homa Kathryn , Madeiras Angela M. , Wick Robert L. , Simon James E.
Published: October 2018

Different basils (Ocimum sp.) and cultivars (28 in 2009 and 32 in 2010) were evaluated for susceptibility to basil downy mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center near Bridgeton in southern New Jersey. At the end of each growing season, seed was collected from individual plants and stored for potential downy mildew pathogen detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Most of the basil cultivars and breeding lines were showing symptoms of basil downy mildew infection at the time of seed collection before the first frost near the end of the production season. Symptoms of basil downy mildew were present on 25 of the 28 (89%) basil lines evaluated in 2009 and 26 of 32 (81%) basil lines tested in 2010 at the time of seed harvest, with sporulation evident on the abaxial surface of infected leaves. Real-time PCR analysis of seed collected from various infected plants detected P. belbahrii on seed of 14 of 25 (56%) basil lines tested in 2009 and 8 of 32 (25%) tested in 2010. Importantly, P. belbahrii was not only detected on seed of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) phenotypes but also on seed of ‘Spice’ basil (Ocimum americanum) in 2009 and ‘Sweet Dani Lemon Basil’ basil (Ocimum citriodorum), ‘Holy Red and Green’ basil [Ocimum tenuiflorum (form. sanctum)], ‘Lime’ basil (O. americanum), and again on ‘Spice’ basil in 2010 where no symptoms (i.e., no chlorosis or sporulation) were present on the leaves when seed were collected. This work demonstrates that basil seed, regardless of basil species and whether symptoms are visible on foliage of the basil plant or the plant is immune or resistant to downy mildew, can test positive for the presence of P. belbahrii using a real-time PCR assay following exposure of plants to the pathogen during the natural development of downy mildew under field conditions.