bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimated Prestroke Peak VO2 Is Related to Circulating IGF-1 Levels During Acute Stroke
Authors: Mattlage Anna E. , Rippee Michael A. , Abraham Michael G. , Sandt Janice , Billinger Sandra A.
Published: July 2016

Background. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is neuroprotective after stroke and is regulated by insulin-like binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). In healthy individuals, exercise and improved aerobic fitness (peak oxygen uptake; peak VO2) increases IGF-1 in circulation. Understanding the relationship between estimated prestroke aerobic fitness and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 after stroke may provide insight into the benefits of exercise and aerobic fitness on stroke recovery. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 to estimated prestroke peak VO2 in individuals with acute stroke. We hypothesized that (1) estimated prestroke peak VO2 would be related to IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and (2) individuals with higher than median IGF-1 levels will have higher estimated prestroke peak VO2 compared to those with lower than median levels. Methods. Fifteen individuals with acute stroke had blood sampled within 72 hours of hospital admission. Prestroke peak VO2 was estimated using a nonexercise prediction equation. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results. Estimated prestroke peak VO2 was significantly related to circulating IGF-1 levels ( r = .60; P = .02) but not IGFBP-3. Individuals with higher than median IGF-1 (117.9 ng/mL) had significantly better estimated aerobic fitness (32.4 ± 6.9 mL kg−1 min−1) than those with lower than median IGF-1 (20.7 ± 7.8 mL kg−1 min−1; P = .03). Conclusions. Improving aerobic fitness prior to stroke may be beneficial by increasing baseline IGF-1 levels. These results set the groundwork for future clinical trials to determine whether high IGF-1 and aerobic fitness are beneficial to stroke recovery by providing neuroprotection and improving function.
Research on impacts of mechanical vibrations on the production machine to its rate of change of technical state
Authors: Salokyová Štefánia , Krehel’ Radoslav , Pollák Martin , Kočiško Marek
Published: July 2016

The article observes the amount of vibration on the bearing house of a turning lathe selected in advance through the change of the revolutions per minute and the thickness of the removed material in frontal type of lathe processing. Increase in mechanical vibration values depending on the value of nominal thickness of splinter was observed during changing technological parameters of the drilling process as a consequence of rotation speed of the motor. The vibration acceleration amplitude course changes depending on the frequencies are evaluated together for 400, 800 and 1200 motor r/min. A piezoelectric sensor of the type 4507B-004 from the Brüel & Kjaer Company was used for monitoring the frequency analysis of the vibration, which was attached to the bearing house of the lathe TOS SV 18RB. The vibration signal measured during the processing and during the time period is transformed through the means of a quick Fourier transformation to the frequency spectrum in the range of 3.0–10.0 kHz. Measured values of vibration acceleration amplitude were processed and evaluated by the SignalExpress software.

Graphical abstract

Unwanted vibration in machine tools like lathe is one of the main problems as it affects the quality of the machined parts and tool life and creates noise during machining operation. Bearings are of paramount importance to almost all forms of rotating machinery and are the most common among machine elements. The article describes in more detail the issue of vibrations created when machining the material by lathe turning. It also includes execution, experiment evaluation in this field, and comparison of measured vibrations’ acceleration amplitude values according to the standards. [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]
Relational Processing of Conflicting Arguments
Authors: Kobayashi Keiichi
Published: July 2016

When exposed to conflicting arguments, people tend to evaluate the attitude-congruent arguments favorably and the attitude-incongruent arguments unfavorably. This phenomenon is called biased assimilation. Prior research has shown that the biased assimilation of conflicting arguments is robust. Yet, relatively little is known about how conflicting arguments are processed, thereby increasing or decreasing the influence of preexisting attitudes on the argument evaluation. The present study examined relational (vs. separate) processing of conflicting arguments—that is, strategically connecting the arguments with each other—and its effects on biased assimilation. In two online studies, Japanese adults (Study 1: N = 406, Study 2: N = 447) received and evaluated two conflicting arguments concerning the introduction of daylight savings in one of two presentation modes: sequential (one at a time) or simultaneous (at one time). Although, in Studies 1 and 2, presentation mode did not influence relational processing or biased assimilation, quite a few participants reported that they engaged to varying degrees in relational processing while evaluating the arguments. Additionally, results of Study 2 indicated that participants' self-reported relational processing had moderating effects on biased assimilation. The present findings have implications for the further elucidation of the cognitive processes of biased assimilation and the development of debiasing techniques.
Rachel Moran: Journey of a Prostitution Survivor to a Women’s Liberation Leader
Authors: Kakoty Juanita
Published: July 2016

Rachel Moran is the author of Paid For and one of the key individuals who pushed for the Nordic Model in Ireland, whereby it became illegal to purchase sex in the country. As a survivor who has been courageous to tell her story and highlight the abuse and exploitation inherent in prostitution, she is an important voice in today’s times. In conversation with Juanita Kakoty, she reflects on her current role as a key activist in the women’s movement and her journey so far after she extricated herself from prostitution.
Hitler and the Abortion Debate
Authors: Steinem Gloria
Published: July 2016

As anti-abortion movement surges worldwide in sync with the rise of right wing politics, seeking to thwart feminists and the right to self, this article shows that this is not a new phenomenon. The author looks at Germany during the time of Hitler to deliberate upon the tension between reproductive choice as a right of an individual and the right of the state to impose. She focuses on how the anti-abortion movement is not just about the right to abortion but veils the right wing leadership’s attempt to legitimize a militaristic, religious and ‘back-to-basics’ kind of patriotism; and a patriarchal state. She also engages with the concept of fear that is associated with the anti-abortion movement, particularly with a state endorsed anti-abortion movement, a fear of declining birth rate (especially that of the majority population’s), a fear of declining ‘racial purity’—and articulates how this whole idea should be understood as a form of injustice to both men and women.
Transperineal prostate brachytherapy, using I-125 seed with or without adjuvant androgen deprivation, in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer: study protocol for a phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Miki Kenta , Kiba Takayoshi , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kido Masahito , Aoki Manabu , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Miyakoda Keiko , Dokiya Takushi , Yamanaka Hidetoshi , Fukushima Masanori , Egawa Shin
Published: July 2016

Background

The optimal protocol for 125I-transperineal prostatic brachytherapy (TPPB) in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients remains controversial. Data on the efficacy of combining androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with 125I-TPPB in this group remain limited and consequently the guidelines of the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) provide no firm recommendations.

Methods/Design

Seed and Hormone for Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer (SHIP) 0804 is a phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled study that will investigate the impact of adjuvant ADT following neoadjuvant ADT and 125I-TPPB. Prior to the end of March, 2011, a total of 420 patients with intermediate-risk, localized PCa will be enrolled and randomized to one of two treatment arms. These patients will be recruited from 20 institutions, all of which have broad experience of 125I-TPPB. Pathological slides will be centrally reviewed to confirm patient eligibility. The patients will initially undergo 3-month ADT prior to 125I-TPPB. Those randomly assigned to adjuvant therapy will subsequently undergo 9 months of adjuvant ADT. All participants will be assessed at baseline and at the following intervals: every 3 months for the first 24 months following 125I-TPPB, every 6 months during the 24- to 60-month post-125I-TPPB interval, annually between 60 and 84 months post-125I-TPPB, and on the 10th anniversary of treatment.

The primary endpoint is biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS). Secondary endpoints are overall survival (OS), clinical progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, salvage therapy non-adaptive interval, acceptability (assessed using the international prostate symptom score [IPSS]), quality of life (QOL) evaluation, and adverse events. In the correlative study (SHIP36B), we also evaluate biopsy results at 36 months following treatment to examine the relationship between the results and the eventual recurrence after completion of radiotherapy.

Discussion

These two multicenter trials (SHIP0804 & SHIP36B) are expected to provide crucial data regarding the efficacy, acceptability and safety of adjuvant ADT. SHIP36B will also provide important information about the prognostic implications of PSA levels in intermediate-risk PCa patients treated with 125I-TPPB.

Trial registration

NCT00664456, NCT00898326, JUSMH-BRI-GU05-01, JUSMH-TRIGU0709
Prognostic factors for outcomes after whole-brain irradiation of brain metastases from relatively radioresistant tumors: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Meyners Thekla , Heisterkamp Christine , Kueter Jan-Dirk , Veninga Theo , Stalpers Lukas JA , Schild Steven E , Rades Dirk
Published: July 2016

Background

This study investigated potential prognostic factors in patients treated with whole-brain irradiation (WBI) alone for brain metastases from relatively radioresistant tumors such as malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Additionally, a potential benefit from escalating the radiation dose was investigated.

Methods

Data from 220 patients were retrospectively analyzed for overall survival and local control. Nine potential prognostic factors were evaluated: tumor type, WBI schedule, age, gender, Karnofsky performance score, number of brain metastases, extracerebral metastases, interval from diagnosis of cancer to WBI, and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class.

Results

Survival rates at 6 and 12 months were 32% and 19%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, WBI doses >30 Gy (p = 0.038), KPS ≥70 (p < 0.001), only 1-3 brain metastases (p = 0.007), no extracerebral metastases (p < 0.001), and RPA class 1 (p < 0.001) were associated with improved survival. Local control rates at 6 and 12 months were 37% and 15%, respectively. In the multivariate analyses, KPS ≥70 (p < 0.001), only 1-3 brain metastases (p < 0.001), and RPA class 1 (p < 0.001) were associated with improved local control. In RPA class 3 patients, survival rates at 6 months were 10% (35 of 39 patients) after 10 × 3 Gy and 9% (2 of 23 patients) after greater doses, respectively (p = 0.98).

Conclusions

Improved outcomes were associated with WBI doses >30 Gy, better performance status, fewer brain metastases, lack of extracerebral metastases, and lower RPA class. Patients receiving WBI alone appear to benefit from WBI doses >30 Gy. However, such a benefit is limited to RPA class 1 or 2 patients.
THE PREPARATION OF A PAPER
Authors: FAUST LAWRENCE Y.
Published: July 2016

Oral and written presentation of a scientific paper require dissimilar preparation. Properly planned figures carry the theme in oral presentation from introduction through conclusions. The accompanying comments by the speaker, using the slides as notes, explain and emphasize. The planning of figure sequence and practice of the running comments aid mutually in assuring an optimum organization. An integrated delivery results.

The complete and permanent disclosure in the published paper utilizes figures and tables primarily for the display of data. The text describes the research and carries the argument. The abstract, tables, figures, and figure captions should provide a good synopsis of the paper. Complete disclosure requires clear writing which is attained by outside criticism and thoughtful and continued revision.
INDEX OF WELLS SHOT FOR VELOCITY*Manuscript received by the Editor August 18, 1958. Copies of this Supplement are obtainable from the SEG Business Office at fifty cents each. Copies of the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Supplements are also available at fifty cents each.(SEVENTH SUPPLEMENT)
Authors: GAITHER V. U.
Published: July 2016

This is the Seventh Supplement to the original Index published in the 1944 issue of GEOPHYSICS. Information is listed on 2,382 well velocity surveys not reported in any of the previous Indexes. Corrections and/or additional information on 85 previously listed surveys are also tabulated.
AMMONIUM NITRATE BLASTING AGENTS
Authors: CLARK GEORGE B.
Published: July 2016

I have read with interest the article by Jack Martin and Thomas O. Hall on ammonium nitrate blasting agents in seismic work (GEOPHYSICS, v. 24, p. 155–163).
Memorial; James Ryan Walker, 1907-1961
Authors: Teufel V. W.
Published: July 2016

How can thoughts or printer's ink ever express the memory of a warm handclasp? Can words on a flat page bring remembrances of the depth of character, fair play, or the strong convictions of a friend? Necessarily they must be used, feebly at best, to portray a lifetime of work, wonderful devotion to a family, and a personality to be remembered.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Authors: Campbell Colin , Steenland Nelson C.
Published: July 2016

I have read with great interest C. L. Drake's paper, “GEOPHYSICS, Geophysics, and Engineering,” scheduled for the April, 1962, special issue of GEOPHYSICS on engineering applications of geophysics. His survey of the geophysical engineering literature is quite revealing, and will be of real help to our committee on SEG's scope, as well as to our membership in general.
REVIEWS
Authors: Bauer Paul S. , Doell Richard R. , Blue Donald M. , Holzman Mark
Published: July 2016

This remarkable book of two volumes fills a long existent void in the literature of the science of the sea concerned with physical oceanography. It is not only an outstanding text for students, but a valuable reference work containing much of Professor Defant's original work as well as a thorough survey of the literature up to the cut-off date of May 1957. The bibliography is unusually complete.
Diagnostic potential of structural neuroimaging for depression from a multi-ethnic community sample
Authors: Sankar Anjali , Zhang Tianhao , Gaonkar Bilwaj , Doshi Jimit , Erus Guray , Costafreda Sergi G. , Marangell Lauren , Davatzikos Christos , Fu Cynthia H.Y.
Published: July 2016

Background

At present, we do not have any biological tests which can contribute towards a diagnosis of depression. Neuroimaging measures have shown some potential as biomarkers for diagnosis. However, participants have generally been from the same ethnic background while the applicability of a biomarker would require replication in individuals of diverse ethnicities.

Aims

We sought to examine the diagnostic potential of the structural neuroanatomy of depression in a sample of a wide ethnic diversity.

Method

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 23 patients with major depressive disorder in an acute depressive episode (mean age: 39.8 years) and 20 matched healthy volunteers (mean age: 38.8 years). Participants were of Asian, African and Caucasian ethnicity recruited from the general community.

Results

Structural neuroanatomy combining white and grey matter distinguished patients from controls at the highest accuracy of 81% with the most stable pattern being at around 70%. A widespread network encompassing frontal, parietal, occipital and cerebellar regions contributed towards diagnostic classification.

Conclusions

These findings provide an important step in the development of potential neuroimaging-based tools for diagnosis as they demonstrate that the identification of depression is feasible within a multi-ethnic group from the community.
A lipidomics study reveals hepatic lipid signatures associating with deficiency of the LDL receptor in a rat model
Authors: Wang Hong Yu , Quan Chao , Hu Chunxiu , Xie Bingxian , Du Yinan , Chen Liang , Yang Wei , Yang Liu , Chen Qiaoli , Shen Bin , Hu Bian , Zheng Zhihong , Zhu Haibo , Huang Xingxu , Xu Guowang , Chen Shuai
Published: July 2016

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a critical role in the liver for the clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Its deficiency causes hypercholesterolemia in many models. To facilitate the usage of rats as animal models for the discovery of cholesterol-lowering drugs, we took a genetic approach to delete the LDLR in rats aiming to increase plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). An LDLR knockout rat was generated via zinc-finger nuclease technology, which harbors a 19-basepair deletion in the seventh exon of the ldlr gene. As expected, deletion of the LDLR elevated total cholesterol and total triglyceride in the plasma, and caused a tenfold increase of plasma LDL-C and a fourfold increase of plasma very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C). A lipidomics analysis revealed that deletion of the LDLR affected hepatic lipid metabolism, particularly lysophosphatidylcholines, free fatty acids and sphingolipids in the liver. Cholesterol ester (CE) 20:4 also displayed a significant increase in the LDLR knockout rats. Taken together, the LDLR knockout rat offers a new model of hypercholesterolemia, and the lipidomics analysis reveals hepatic lipid signatures associating with deficiency of the LDL receptor.
Case Report: Whole exome sequencing reveals a novel frameshift deletion mutation p.G2254fs in COL7A1 associated with autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Karuthedath Vellarikkal Shamsudheen , Jayarajan Rijith , Verma Ankit , Nair Sreelata , Ravi Rowmika , Senthivel Vigneshwar , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod
Published: July 2016

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa simplex (DEB) is a phenotypically diverse inherited skin fragility disorder. It is majorly manifested by appearance of epidermal bullae upon friction caused either by physical or environmental trauma. The phenotypic manifestations also include appearance of milia, scarring all over the body and nail dystrophy. DEB can be inherited in a recessive or dominant form and the recessive form of DEB (RDEB) is more severe. In the present study, we identify a novel p.G2254fs mutation in COL7A1 gene causing a sporadic case of RDEB by whole exome sequencing (WES). Apart from adding a novel frameshift Collagen VII mutation to the repertoire of known mutations reported in the disease, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a genetically characterized case of DEB from India.
Animals and music: Between cultural definitions and sensory evidence
Authors: Kaplan Gisela
Published: July 2016

It was once thought that solely humans were capable of complex cognition but research has produced substantial evidence to the contrary. Art and music, however, are largely seen as unique to humans and the evidence seems to be overwhelming, or is it? Art indicates the creation of something novel, not naturally occurring in the environment. To prove its presence or absence in animals is difficult. Moreover, connections between music and language at a neuroscientific as well as a behavioural level are not fully explored to date. Even more problematic is the notion of an aesthetic sense. Music, so it is said, can be mimetic, whereas birdsong is not commonly thought of as being mimetic but as either imitation or mimicry and, in the latter case, as a ‘mindless’ act (parrots parroting). This paper will present a number of examples in which animals show signs of responsiveness to music and even engage in musical activity and this will be discussed from an ethological perspective. A growing body of research now reports that auditory memory and auditory mechanisms in animals are not as simplistic as once thought and evidence suggests, in some cases, the presence of musical abilities in animals.
Monsters we met, monsters we made: On the parallel emergence of phenotypic similarity under domestication
Authors: Kleisner Karel , Stella Marco
Published: July 2016

Creatures living under the rule of domestication form a communicative union based on shared morphological, behavioural, cognitive, and immunological resemblances. Domestic animals live under particular conditions that substantially differ from the original (natural) settings of their wild relatives. Here we focus on the fact that many parallel characters have appeared in various domestic forms that had been selected for different purposes. These characters are often unique for domestic animals and do not exist in wild forms. We argue that parallel similarities appear in different groups in response to their interaction with the umwelt of a particular host. In zoosemiotic sense, the process of domestication represents a kind of interaction in which both sides are affected and eventually transformed in such a way that one is more integrated with the other than in the time of initial encounter.
John Maynard Smith’s typology of animal signals: A view from semiotics
Authors: Maran Timo
Published: July 2016

Approaches to animal communication have for the most part been quite different in semiotics and evolutionary biology. In this context the writings of a leading evolutionary biologist who has also been attracted to semiotics — John Maynard Smith — are an interesting exception and object of study. The present article focuses on the use and adaptation of semiotic terminology in Maynard Smith’s works with reference to general theoretical premises both in semiotics and evolutionary biology. In developing a typology of animal signals, Maynard Smith employs the concepts of icon, index and symbol to denote distinct signal classes. He uses “indices” or “indexes” to express a signal type where the relation between signal properties and meaning is restricted because of physical characteristics. Such approach also points out the issue of the motivatedness of signs, which has had a long history in semiotics. In the final part of the article the usage and content of the concepts of signal form and meaning in Maynard Smith’s writings are analysed. It appears that in evolutionary biology, the “signal” is a vagueconcept that may denote a variety of things from an animal’s specific physiological status to artificial theoretical constructs. It also becomes evident that in actual usage the concept of signal often includes references to the receiver’s activity and interpretation, which belong rather to the characteristics of sign process.  The positive influence of Maynard Smith’s works on semiotics could lie in paying attention to the role of physical necessities in animal  communication. Physical constraints and relations also seem to have a significant role in semiotic processes although this is not always sufficiently studied or understood in semiotics.
Sign activity of mammals as means of ecological adaptation
Authors: Vladimirova Elina
Published: July 2016

The present article discusses different basic semiotic-scientific postulates regarding mammals’ sign activity. On the one hand, there are arguments denying animals sign activity, according to which mammals are not capable of semantic generalization on the basis of conventional linguistic values. According to another approach, mammals’ sign activity can be considered as means of ecological adaptation, that is, the features of animal behaviour based on the information, received by them through their habitat characteristics without direct visual contacts with their kind. Movement elements, behavioural reactions of similar motivation and parameters of the sign field, which represents an animal’s sign-information environment, may have some numerical expression and can be calculated depending on the research tasks. Formalization of the animal activity implies simultaneous consideration of the following parameters: magnitude, intensity, anisotropy and the value of a given sign object.
Konrad Lorenz’s epistemological criticism towards Jakob von Uexküll
Authors: Brentani Carlo
Published: July 2016

In the work of Lorenz we find an initial phase of great concordance with Uexkülls theory of animals’ surrounding-world (Umweltlehre), followed by a progressive distance and by the occurrence of more and more critical statements. The moment of greater cohesion between Lorenz and Uexküll is represented by the work Der Kumpan, which is focused on the concept of companion, functional circles, social Umwelt. The great change in Lorenz’ evaluation of Uexküll is marked by the conference of 1948 Referat über Jakob von Uexküll, where Lorenz highlights the vitalist position of Uexküll. In the works of the years after World War II, the influence of the Estonian Biologist greatly diminishes, even though Lorenz continues to express his admiration for particular studies and concepts of Uexküll. References to Uexküll’s work are less and far in between, while the difference is highlighted between the uexküllian theoretical frame (vitalistic) and Lorenz’s one (Darwinian and evolutionist). The two main critical lines of argument developed by Lorenz in this process are the biological and the epistemological one: on the biological side Lorenz heavily criticizes Uexküll’s vitalism and his faith in harmonizing forces and supernatural factors (which leads to concepts such as the perfect fusion of all biological species in their environment and the absence of rudimentary organs). On the epistemological side, Lorenz, arguing from the point of view of the critical realism, accuses Uexküll of postulating the separateness of all living beings, a separateness which is due to the  Kantian idea that every subject of knowledge and action is imprisoned in the transcendental circle of its representations and attitudes.
Introduction
Authors: Maran Timo , Võsu Ester
Published: July 2016

This issue of Sign Systems Studies includes twelve papers on semiotics of resemblance. Readers competent in semiotics may argue that there is no such field as semiotics of resemblance and they would indeed be right. In this case, resemblance should be considered to be an umbrella term that covers various concepts, such as iconicity, iconic signs, similarity, analogy, categorization, metaphors, mimesis, mimicry, onomatopoeia, and others. These terms are used in different fields within and outside of semiotics. Accordingly, semiotics of resemblance should be treated as a possibility for establishing commonalities between different paradigms, from aesthetics to evolutionary biology and from theoretical semiotics to literary studies.
Metaphorical analogies in approaches of Victor Turner and Erving Goffman: Dramaturgy in social interaction and dramas of social life
Authors: Võsu Ester
Published: July 2016

Metaphorical analogies have been popular in different forms of reasoning, theatre and drama analogy among them. From the semiotic perspective, theatre is a representation of reality. Characteristic to theatrical representation is the fact that for creating representations of reality it uses, to a great extent, the materiality and cultural codes that also constitute our everyday life; sometimes the means of representation are even iconically identical to the latter. This likeness has inspired numerous writers, philosophers and, later, social scientists to look for particular similarities between social life, drama and theatre. In this paper I chose two particular approaches from the social sciences that make use of the metaphorical analogy of theatre in quite different, yet, to certain extent, also overlapping ways — Victor Turner’s concept of “social dramas” from anthropology and Erving Goffman’s “dramaturgy” of social interactions from sociology. The former bases his analogy more on the structure of the dramatic text and on a key resemblance in the (dramatic) conflict, whereas the latter builds his analogy on the principles of performing used in theatre, and regards characters and roles as major resemblances between action on stage and in social space. This paper examines these key resemblances and sheds light on what kind of interpretations of culture  and society emerge when theatre analogies are put into action. In the concluding section some general problems, related to extended metaphors and analogical explanations the researcher needs to face with, are discussed.
Cross-modal iconicity: A cognitive semiotic approach to sound symbolism
Authors: Ahlner Felix , Zlatev Jordan
Published: July 2016

It is being increasingly recognized that the Saussurean dictum of “the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign” is in conflict with the pervasiveness of the phenomenon commonly known as “sound symbolism”. After first presenting a historical overview of the debate, however, we conclude that both positions have been exaggerated, and that an adequate explanation of sound symbolism is still lacking. How can there, for example, be (perceived) similarity between expressions and contents across different sensory modalities? We offer an answer, based on the Peircian notion of iconic ground, and G. Sonesson’s distinction between primary and secondary iconicity. Furthermore, we describe an experimental study, in a paradigm first pioneered by W. Köhler, and recently popularized by V. Ramachandran, in which we varied vowels and consonants in fictive word-forms, and conclude that both types of sounds play a role in perceiving an iconic ground between the word-forms and visual figures. The combination of historical conceptual analysis, semiotic explication and psychological experimentation presented in this article is characteristic of the emerging paradigm of cognitive semiotics.
Semiotic modeling of mimicry with reference to brood parasitism
Authors: Maran Timo
Published: July 2016

Biological mimicry can be considered as having a double-layered structure: there is a layer of ecological relations between species and there is a layer of semiotic relations of the sign. The present article demonstrates the limitations of triadic models and typologies of mimicry, as well as their lack of correspondence to mimicry as it actually occurs in nature. It is argued that more dynamical semiotic tools are needed to describe mimicry in a theoretically coherent way that would at the same time allow comparative approach to various mimicry cases. For this a five-stage model of analysis is proposed, which incorporates classical mimicry theory, Jakob von Uexküll’s Umwelt-theory, as well as semiotic and communication analysis. This research model can be expressed in the form of five questions: 1) What is the formal structure of mimicry system? 2) What are the perceptual and effectual correspondences between the participants of mimicry? 3) What are the characteristics of resemblances? 4) How is the mimicry system regulated in ontogenetic and evolutionary processes? 5) How is the mimicry system related to human cultural processes? As a practical example of this semiotic methodology, brood parasitism between the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus and his frequent host species is examined.
The place of art among other modelling systems
Authors: Lotman Juri
Published: July 2016

This article by Juri Lotman from the third volume of Trudy po znakovym sistemam (Sign Systems Studies) in 1967, deals with the problem of artistic modelling. The general working questions are whether art displays any characteristic traits that are common for all modelling systems and which could be the specific traits that can distinguish art from other modelling systems. Art is seen as a secondary modelling system, more precisely, as a play-type model, which is characterised simultaneously by practical and conventional behaviour and constant awareness of the possibility of alternate meanings to the one that is currently being perceived. At the same time art has play-like elements but is not the same as play, since play is inherently rule-bound, whereas art is a more flexible model the purpose of which is truth. Art is a special type of modelling system, since it is on one hand suitable for storing very large amount of complex information, but on the other hand it can increase the stored information and transform the consumer.
What is actually essential in biosemiotics?
Authors: Weible Davide
Published: July 2016

Review: Favareau, Donald (ed.) 2010. Essential Readings in Biosemiotics:Anthology and Commentary. Springer.
In memoriam Alexander Moiseevich Piatigorsky
Authors: Avramets Irina , Salupere Silvi
Published: July 2016

Alexander Moiseevich Piatigorsky (30 January 1929 — 25 October 2009) was, as we can read from numerous sources, an internationally renowned Russian and English philosopher, buddhologist, indologist, translator and writer.
Ecosemiotic aspects of zoomorphic metaphors: The human as a predator
Authors: Gómez Ponce Ariel
Published: July 2016

Through history, predatory features are used to constructs when constructing textual representations on the human/animal frontier. The predatory act has remained a recurring motif that emerges from a metaphoric system in cultural imagination. An ecosemiotic approach to this topic allows us to understand how specific predatory behaviours constitute a source of meaning: in other words, how an alleged “animal tendency” is appropriated (translated) into various cultural texts through metaphors, creating a rhetorical order. To illustrate this, some features of metaphors of predatoriness in certain texts in Argentinian culture will be reviewed. A particularly vivid example is provided by two species, the cougar and the jaguar, that have generated cultural translations which expand and proliferate into contemporaneity. These translations constitute a form in which culture metaphorizes aggressiveness and interprets certain species from a historical and ideological perspective. The Argentinian cases suggest a revision of how history has treated the cultural other in terms of cultural and biological inferiority.
Rethinking theoretical schools and circles in the 20th-century humanities
Authors: Gramigna Remo
Published: July 2016

Review of Theoretical Schools and Circles in the Twentieth-Century Humanities: Literary Theory, History, Philosophy, ed. by Marina Grishakova and Silvi Salupere. New York, London: Routledge, 2015. 287 pp.
Alexandr Levich (1945–2016) and the Tartu–Moscow Biosemiotic Nexus
Authors: Kull Kalevi
Published: July 2016

Alexandr Levich (1945–2016) and the Tartu–Moscow Biosemiotic Nexus.
Social Justice In Constitutional Law
Authors: Чиркин Вениамин , CHirkin Vyeniamin
Published: July 2016

Social justice is a social element of the universal human value of justice, associated with socialist teachings (not only Marxism). This word combination is increasingly becoming a principle of law and, in general, a principle of a democratic and socially-oriented society of our time. In Marxism-Leninism that notion had a class character. Now the principle of social justice, or certain elements of it (without the word “principle”) are enshrined in modern constitutions (Brazil, Nepal, Poland, etc.), including the Russian one, where it is expressed less clearly than in some other constitutions. Nowadays, social justice becomes one of the most important provisions of the modern constitutional law. In three major global systems of modern law — Muslim, liberal semi-social capitalist and totalitarian socialist, the content of that principle, its indicators are not identical and sometimes even antagonistic. The article compares the content and legal indicators of this principle, the practice in Russia and other countries. Among such indicators the author considers monetary value of the consumer goods basket, the minimum monthly wage, differences in income of population groups, pension coverage, etc. The article contains comparative figures, related to these indicators, for different countries and Russia.
The Legal Nature of Purposes and Principles of Federal Parliamentary Control
Authors: Петухова Наталья , Petukhova Natalya
Published: July 2016

The aim of this Article is to analyze purposes and principles of federal parliamentary control, its comprehensive interrelation and regulatory impact on public relations. In this Article the author considers problems associated with the achievement of purposes and implementation of principles for the control activity in the modern era of development of popular representation in Russia. Essentially, solution to such problems lies in eliminating the formalist approach to the principle of separation of powers and limits of parliamentary control. The author comes to the conclusion that determination of purposes and principles, preparation of the list of parliamentary control forms is just the beginning of a long evolution path. Conceptual improvement of the content of forms of parliamentary control will become possible only under the comprehensive revision of the order of formation and organization of the activity of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Development of parliamentary control in the Russian Federation requires a set of legislative solutions, based on constitutionally relevant purposes and principles, which will ensure real democracy of the popular representation in the Russian Federation, necessary for the formation of a law-bound state.
The Subject of Crime in Criminal Law: Problems and Contradictions
Authors: Хилюта Вадим , Khilyuta Vadim
Published: July 2016

The article deals with the problem of understanding the subject of crime in the science of criminal law. The author analyzes different approaches to defining the content of the subject of crime, its location in the structure of the offense and the delimitation from the object of crime. The author raises the question about the development of an independent doctrine on the subject of crime as one of the elements of the offense. It is noted that in modern conditions material or non-material benefits (values) that give rise to public relations, through the manipulation with which the guilty person carries out criminal encroachment, should be considered the subject of a crime. Both material benefits (things, money, and property) and non-material benefits (property and liability rights, information, honor, dignity, life, health, activity (actions), etc.), which are exposed to criminal manipulation, can be the subject of a crime.
Category of Market Price in Modern Tax Law
Authors: Хаванова Инна , Khavanova Inna
Published: July 2016

The article is devoted to transfer pricing rules with particular reference to unresolved problems. Its purpose is to outline the complex issue of transfer pricing. The author examines the difference between the concepts of “market price” and price, determined according to the “arm’s length principle”, discusses the basic rules of taxation, principles of determining the price of goods, work or services for taxation purposes. To ensure the correct application of the separate entity approach, countries have adopted the arm´s length principle. This article analyzes initiatives on taxation in the area of corporate taxation (OECD Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), Final Reports “Aligning Transfer Pricing Outcomes with Value Creation”). The author points out that the level of control (direct or indirect) in determining interdependence between persons, has its own specific features in different states. The reason behind it is that the problem of transfer pricing does not always arise, but only when subjects establish specific relations. The article characterizes the regulatory changes and developments in Russia.
SYSTEM OF SOURCES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OF SWITZERLAND
Authors: Трефилов Александр , Trefilov Aleksandr
Published: July 2016

The author considers the operating system of sources of criminal procedure law of Switzerland. The author studies the question of the international law influence on their development. The author analyzes such sources as the Constitution, the Message of the Federal Assembly on unification of criminal procedure law, the Code of penal procedure, the Federal law on organization of the Federation’s criminal trial bodies, the Federal law on the Federal court, the Federal law on Federal criminal court and some other enactments. The author briefly considers the criminal procedure law on the example of Zurich and St. Gallen cantonal sources. The author researches the role of the legal doctrine in application of Criminal Procedure Code rules. The author compares the Swiss and Russian systems of sources in the branch of law in question. The author comes to the conclusion that the systems of sources of criminal procedure of Switzerland and Russia have many common features, since both legal systems of the states belong to the Romano-Germanic legal family. Law and order of both states have the Criminal Procedure Code, based on the rules of international law and the constitution, as the main source of criminal procedure. At the same time, in spite of the fact that Constitutions of both countries refer the criminal procedure law to the exclusive competence of the federation, in the Swiss law and order there are numerous exceptions to this rule as many major questions relating to criminal procedure are settled at the cantonal level (structure of court, system of criminal trial bodies, etc.).
Robust Aircraft Routing
Authors: Yan Chiwei , Kung Jerry
Published: July 2016

We propose a robust optimization approach to minimize total propagated delay in the aircraft routing problem. Instead of minimizing the expected total propagated delay by assuming that flight leg delays follow specific probability distributions, our model minimizes the maximal possible total propagated delay when flight leg delays lie in a prespecified uncertainty set. We develop exact and tractable solution approaches for our robust model. The major contribution of our model is that it allows us to explicitly model and handle correlation in flight leg delays (e.g., because of weather or various air traffic management initiatives) that existing approaches cannot efficiently incorporate. Using both historical delay data and simulated data, we evaluate the performance of our model and benchmark against the state-of-the-research stochastic approach. In most of the cases, we observe that our model outperforms the existing approach in lowering the mean, reducing volatility, and mitigating extreme values of total propagated delay. In the cases where a deficit in one of the three criteria exists, gains in the other two criteria usually offset this disadvantage. These results suggest that robust optimization approaches can provide promising results for the aircraft routing problem.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2015.0657 .
Flora da Bahia: Encyclia (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Bastos Cláudia Araújo , Meneguzzo Thiago Erir Cadete , Van den Berg Cássio
Published: July 2016

A survey of Encyclia (Orchidaceae) species in Bahia state, Brazil, is performed as a contribution to the flora of this region. We recognized 13 species, and one variety of Encyclia from Bahia. A key for identification, descriptions, illustrations and commentaries for taxa are presented. We propose the synonymization of E. silvana under E. bohnkiana and the lectotypification of Epidendrum roseum and its synonymization under Encyclia dichroma.
Métodos para a remoção de redundâncias de árvores de falhas
Authors: Firmino Paulo Renato Alves , Moreira Pedro Igor Carvalho , Chikushi Rohgi Toshio Meneses , Droguett Enrique López
Published: July 2016

A análise de árvores de falhas é uma importante ferramenta de apoio às inferências quanto à confiabilidade que, por sua vez, é uma das bases da engenharia de produção. O método de BDDs (Diagramas de Decisão Binária) tem sido citado como uma alternativa às técnicas convencionais, que alia tanto maior precisão quanto menor esforço computacional. O grande problema para a aplicação de BDDs reside na necessidade de conversão da árvore de falhas para o seu formato. Os métodos de diagramas espirais, que assumem a função de conversores da árvore em BDD, requerem que não haja redundâncias na árvore; isto é, queela esteja isenta de cortes não-mínimos. Neste artigo sugere-se, uma série de métodos de remoção de redundâncias de árvores de falhas, a princípio coerentes, inicialmente inspirada no método de redução de Faunet.
Modificação da escala de classificação por postos utilizada em Análise Conjunta para aprimorar o modelo obtido por regressão com variáveis dummy
Authors: Trindade Anderson Laécio Galindo , Rotondaro Roberto Gilioli
Published: July 2016

A Análise Conjunta é uma técnica para a medida de preferências que considera que o processo de escolha é determinado por utilidades associadas a níveis de um conjunto de atributos. Para a estimativa das utilidades parciais e totais, a regressão vem sendo amplamente utilizada e o seu uso direto com o ordenamento dos estímulos em postos também tem sido empregado. Este trabalho propõe a modificação da escala por postos fornecida pelo entrevistado em uma nova escala, ainda discreta, que mantenha a posição relativa entre os produtos originalmente ordenados. O objetivo desta mudança é estimar um modelo em que areconstrução da ordem original seja mais eficiente. Os resultados mostram que é possível obter uma maior concordância com o ordenamento original usando o método aqui proposto, o que pode credenciar seu uso para o tratamento posterior dos dados coletados.
Uma abordagem de geração de colunas para o Problema Generalizado de Atribuição
Authors: Senne Edson Luiz França , Lorena Luiz Antonio Nogueira , Salomão Silvely Nogueira de Almeida
Published: July 2016

A relaxação lagrangeana/surrogate tem sido explorada recentemente como método de estabilização e aceleração de abordagens de geração de colunas. Este trabalho mostra como o uso da relaxação lagrangeana/surrogate conduz para uma abordagem de geração decolunas melhor para o Problema Generalizado de Atribuição (PGA), em comparação com o método de geração de colunas tradicional. O PGA pode ser descrito como o problema de atribuir n tarefas a m máquinas de forma que cada tarefa é atribuída a apenas uma máquina e as capacidades das máquinas são respeitadas. O trabalho apresenta testes computacionaisusando problemas disponíveis na literatura para demonstrar a superioridade da abordagem proposta.
Mapa estratégico, uma representação gráfica do Balanced Scorecard, ferramenta para otimização da tomada de decisões: estudo de caso de uma indústria de porte médio
Authors: Storch Clane Regina Rech , Nara Elpídio Oscar Benitez , Storch Luiz Afonso
Published: July 2016

Atualmente as empresas preocupadas em melhorar sua capacidade de competitividade frente ao ambiente globalizado existente buscam novas ferramentas de gestão, para tanto o presente trabalho objetiva propor um mapa estratégico, baseado na metodologia do Balanced Scorecard, para uma indústria de porte médio do ramo de plásticos. São descritos os principais conceitos relacionados com o assunto, enfatizando, planejamento estratégico e Balanced Scorecard. Nessa nova forma de gerenciamento, destaca-se como instrumento da maior importância, a construção do mapa estratégico elaborado a partir da missão, visão,estratégias, objetivos e perspectivas levantadas na organização, que possuam abrangência e coerência compatíveis com a atualidade e que permitam, sobretudo, considerar a importância crescente dos valores intangíveis frente aos tradicionais valores físicos.