bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zuständigkeit und Zuständigkeitsübertragung
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Wie wirken sich Zuständigkeitsübertragungen auf moderne Rechtsordnungen aus? Zuständigkeitsübertragungen - sowohl die Ermächtigungen dafür als auch die tatsächliche Durchführung - sind maßgebliche Faktoren für die Struktur von geltenden Rechtsvorschriften. Ausgehend von einem normbezogenen Ansatz wird im vorliegenden Werk die komplexe Struktur der Zuständigkeitsübertragung umfassend dargelegt und als ein wesentliches Element der Konkretisierung und Individualisierung des Rechts identifiziert. Die vorgeschlagene "Theorie des Übertragens" dient hierbei als Schablone zur Auslegung von Übertragungsregimen im Unionsrecht, Verfassungsrecht und im einfachgesetzlichen Recht.
Performance of Secure Framework AES Algorithm using Cloud Computing
Authors: Rani R. , Bathla R. K.
Published: September 2024

The conventional advanced encryption standard (AES) method requires improvement to accommodate modern security hazards in cloud computing. Outsourcing private and secret information to distant information networks is difficult due to new problems connected with the confidentiality and safety of information. The structure presented by this study has essential components involving improved security and owner-data privacy. The dual-cycle key attribute alters the 128-bit AES method, accelerating encryption at 1000 bits per second. However, a singular circular bar with 800 blocks per second has been used historically. The suggested technique uses less energy and improves the distribution of load, trust, and control of resources on the entire network. The proposed framework calls for the use of AES with 128, 64, 32, and 16 bytes of simple text. Visualizing simulation outcomes shows the technique's capability for obtaining specific quality features. According to the assessments, the proposed framework reduces energy consumption by 14.43 %, connection utilization by 11.53 %, and delay by 15.67 %. As a result, the suggested framework improves protection, decreases resource usage, and shortens latency when delivering computing services over the cloud. The experiment was done with Anaconda Python and Eclipse.
Effects on Structural and Optical Properties of PMMA by Integration with Cu Nanoparticles
Authors: Alisha  , Garg D.
Published: September 2024

Cu-PMMA nanocomposite films have been prepared via ex-situ chemical route by reduction of cupric chloride dissolved in aqueous CTAB solution with hydrazine and then incorporated the prepared Cu nanoparticles in a solution of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in chloroform and cast into thin films. Optical and structural characterizations of resulting nanocomposite films were performed using UV-visible spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Characteristic Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak of Cu nanoparticles was observed at about 2.14 eV (577 nm) in absorption spectra of Cu-PMMA nanocomposite films. From the observation of absorption spectra, the optical band gap and Urbach’s energy values have been calculated. Band gap values of Cu-PMMA nanocomposite films were found to decrease from 3 eV to 2.4 eV, while Urbach’s energy values increased with the increase in the concentration of Cu nanoparticles in PMMA. The decrease in the optical band gap and increase in Urbach’s energy values indicated the modifications in the optical band structure of the PMMA matrix on the incorporation of Cu nanoparticles. TEM micrograph revealed spherical Cu nanoparticles embedded in PMMA with an average diameter of 6.5+ 2.5 nm.
Numerical Study of Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convection in a Rectangular Cavity with Corner Heater Having a Triangular Obstacle
Authors: Islam M. J. , Ali M. M. , Miah M. M. , Munshi M. J. H.
Published: September 2024

This study explores the numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamic free convection flow within a rectangular cavity featuring a triangular obstacle near a corner heater. The upper horizontal wall is maintained at a cool temperature, while the right bottom corner is heated, and the remaining walls are kept adiabatic. Solving the governing nonlinear differential equations for general flow problems, along with boundary conditions, is accomplished using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. The simulation spans a broad range of parameters, including Rayleigh number , Hartmann number , and Prandtl number  Results are presented in terms of stream functions, temperature profiles, and Nusselt Numbers. At low Rayleigh numbers , the isotherms exhibit near-parallel alignment with the upper portion of the triangular obstacle, while higher  values lead to more distorted isotherms. An increase in Rayleigh number corresponds to a significant enhancement in flow circulation and heat transfer. Isotherms distributions remain consistent with increasing Hartmann numbers, but higher Hartmann numbers influence streamlines. Validation of the numerical model against previously published results demonstrates good agreement.
Facile Room Temperature Deposition of ZnS Thin Films on Flexible Plastic Substrates via Nebulized Spray Method
Authors: Paul A. , John J. C . , Jose J. , Ambily V.  J. , Joseph N. , Augustine S. , Thomas S. , Sebastian T.
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on investigating a potential method for depositing zinc sulfide (ZnS), in thin film form at room temperature. A facile and effective approach was employed in this study, wherein a suspension of ZnS powder in methanol was applied onto flexible plastic substrates using a spray deposition method. Structural analysis of the resulting films revealed a broad X-ray diffraction peak along the (100) plane, indicating the presence of nanoscale crystallites. The band gap of the ZnS films was determined to be 3.78 eV. Furthermore, the films exhibited photo luminescence emission centered at a wavelength of 410 nm, which corresponds to the blue edge of the chromaticity diagram.
A Case Study on Veterans and the Executive MBA
Authors: Petit Francis
Published: September 2024

This research aims to measure the professional outcomes of Veteran students who graduated from the Fordham University Executive MBA Program in New York City. To determine this information, a LinkedIn Study was conducted for this segment to measure professional growth and industry movement. In addition, focus groups were further conducted to measure this movement. The main findings of this study indicate that this Veteran segment was able to increase their management responsibilities and pivot into new industries. In addition, there currently exists geographic diversity in their current work locations.
HRM System Formality and Organizational Ambidexterity Strategy in Technological Startup Companies
Authors: Livneh Yael
Published: September 2024

The low survival of technological startup companies (TSCs) is partly due to the lack of human resources management formality (HRMF). This study clarifies HRMF and identifies a relevant measure for TSCs. It explores HRMF changes and their fit with business strategy changes during TSC development, operationalized as dynamic organizational ambidexterity. Data from 147 TSC leaders and HR role holders were collected twice, a year apart. HRMF control and professionalism were significantly related to ambidexterity strategy. Findings indicate that strategy changes precede HRMF changes. Results suggest that HRMF practices should be periodically matched to the ambidexterity strategy for TSC success.
Accounting for sperm whale population demographics in density estimation using passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Solsona-Berga A , Frasier KE , Posdaljian N , Baumann-Pickering S , Wiggins S , Soldevilla M , Garrison L , Hildebrand JA
Published: September 2024

Sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus are highly sexually dimorphic, with adult males having larger bodies, more powerful echolocation clicks, and slower echolocation clicking rates compared to females. This study introduces methods for estimating sperm whale population densities in the Gulf of Mexico (GoMex) by accounting for the population demographics using passive acoustic monitoring and reveals that ignoring the differences between demographic segments can introduce bias in density estimates. Weekly densities were estimated per 3 demographic segments: social groups consisting of adult females and their offspring, mid-size animals, and adult males. Analysis revealed that the GoMex sperm whale population is primarily composed of social groups, which account for 92 to 98% of the overall population. Mid-size animals and adult males made up a small proportion of the population and were only intermittently present. Our 7 yr GoMex density estimates, including the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill period and subsequent years, revealed demographic-specific trends. Declines found at 2 north-central GoMex sites, coupled with increases at a southeastern site, may indicate population movements and potential impacts from the 2010 DWH oil spill and elevated noise levels from anthropogenic activities in the north-central GoMex.
BRANDING KOPI TULI DALAM MEMBANGUN BRAND IDENTITY
Authors: Sungkono Nono , Hamzah Radja Erland , Toruan Rialdo Rezeky Manogari Lumban , Tryarno Adi Nur Achmad
Published: September 2024

Branding strategy is a step to achieve goals that function in regulating all brand elements related to consumer attitudes and behavior. As in Kopi Tuli, carrying out a branding strategy with its limitations, namely the deaf disability, with the limitations that Kopi Tuli has as a deaf disability, it is possible that Kopi Tuli can carry out a branding strategy aimed at managing all brand elements, and building brand identity.  This study aims to determine the branding Kopi Tuli, to determine  brand identity Kopi Tuli, and to determine the branding Kopi Tuli in building a brand identity. Using the concept of branding put forward by experts, namely Brand identity, Brand positioning, Brand communication, Brand personality, and Brand equity. And to find out the identity of Kopi Tuli, Aaker's brand identity model divides brand identity into twelve dimensions into four perspectives. Besides that, to find out the branding Kopi Tuli brand identity using the research results that have been described. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting direct observations and interviews with the founders of Kopi Tuli, consumers of Kopi Tuli and advertising experts. The results showed that the branding through social media  Instagram was by promoting products and learning sign language. brand identity Tuli shows that Kopi Tuli builds brand and quality products that have their own distinctive taste.strategy branding in building brand identity has communication barriers, to overcome this, the deaf coffee uses sign language through social media Instagram and events, aiming to build a deaf coffee brand identity and products.
EFEKTIFITAS STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM SYEKH YUSUF DALAM PENERIMAAN MAHASISWA BARU TAHUN 2022
Authors: Yoman Mad
Published: September 2024

This research is about the effectiveness of marketing communication strategies at the Syekh Yusuf Islamic University (UNIS) in accepting new students in 2022 with the aim to know the marketing communication strategies used are effective or not. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a pospositivisme paradigm through interviews, observation and documentation as data collection methods. Researchers describe and implement the existing data in the field. Based on the results of the research, it was found that there was an effectiveness of marketing communication strategies in promotional activities such as school visits, presentations, quality of customer service and social media activities carried out by public relations although there was a slight decrease in the number of new student admissions.
STRATEGI MARKETING PUBLIC RELATIONS DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN JAMAAH HAJI KHUSUS DAN UMROH
Authors: Abdulah Fikrah , Mustiawan Mustiawan , Setiawati Titin
Published: September 2024

This research analyzes the Marketing Public Relations (MPR) strategy by PT Fazary Wisata, a special Hajj and Umrah travel agency in Indonesia, in influencing prospective pilgrims to use their services. Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, has a high demand for Hajj and Umrah services, but the phenomenon of travel agency violations and fraud still occurs frequently. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature study to gain in-depth understanding. The research results show that PT Fazary Wisata has successfully implemented the three main MPR strategies, namely Pull, Push, and Pass. The Pull strategy is carried out by building relationships through informative and interactive content on social media and their website. The Push strategy focuses on active promotion through advertising and exhibition activities to increase brand awareness and attract attention. Meanwhile, the Pass strategy uses the power of recommendations from satisfied congregants to build trust and loyalty. In conclusion, the combination of these three strategies has been effective in increasing the number of registrations of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims at PT. Fazary Wisata. Despite facing challenges in maintaining service quality and adapting to market changes, PT Fazary Wisata has great potential to continue to develop and strengthen its position in this competitive market.
Keyword: Marketing Public Relations, Puss Pull Pass Strategy
Evaluation of prognostic risk factors of triple-negative breast cancer with 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters, clinical pathological features and biochemical indicators
Authors: Zhu Lei , Yang Xin , Zhang Jiying , Wang Shuling , Wang Yulong , Wan Xing , Zhu Xiang , Song Xiuyu , Tong Zhongsheng , Yang Meng , Zhao Weipeng
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising various molecular subtypes, including Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) positive, and triple negative types, each with distinct biological characteristics and behaviors. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a particularly challenging subtype worldwide. Our study aims to evaluate whether Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) parameters, clinical pathological features, and biochemical indicators serve as prognostic risk factors for TNBC. Additionally, we explore correlations between biochemical indicators and 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 95 TNBC patients who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from 2013 to 2018. Collected data included 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters, clinical and pathological features, and biochemical indicators. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis to evaluate associations between 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters/biochemical indicators and disease free survival (DFS)/overall survival (OS). The log-rank test determined significant differences in survival curves, and the Spearman correlation coefficient analyzed correlations between quantitative variables. Visualization and analysis were performed using R packages.

Results

Among 95 TNBC patients, mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) was significantly correlated with DFS. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), α- L-fucosylase (AFU) and Creatine kinase (CK) were independent predictors of DFS, while Precursor albumin (PALB) and CK were independent predictors of OS. FBG showed correlations with SUVpeak and SUVmean, and CK was correlated with peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak). Our results indicated that 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters and biochemical indicators may constitute a new prognostic model for TNBC patients post-surgery.

Discussion

We found that SUVmean, FBG, AFU and CK are predictive factors for DFS in TNBC patients post-surgery, while PALB and CK are predictive factors for OS, which prompts us to pay more attention to these indicators in clinical practice. Also 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters and biochemical indicators have potential utility in constituting a new prognostic model for TNBC patients post-surgery.
Toward the identification of cyano-astroCOMs via vibrational features: benzonitrile as a test case
Authors: Xu Yanting , Biczysko Malgorzata
Published: September 2024

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) opened a new era for the identification of molecular systems in the interstellar medium (ISM) by vibrational features. One group of molecules of increasing interest is cyano-derivatives of aromatic organic molecules, which have already been identified in the ISM on the basis of the analysis of rotational signatures, and so, are plausible candidates for the detection by the JWST. Benzonitrile considered in this work represents a suitable example for the validation of a computational strategy, which can be further applied for different, larger, and not-yet observed molecules. For this purpose, anharmonic simulations of infrared (IR) spectra have been compared with recent FTIR experimental studies. The anharmonic computations using the generalized second-order vibrational perturbation theory (GVPT2) in conjunction with a hybrid force field combining the harmonic part of revDSD-PBEP86-D3/jun-cc-pVTZ with anharmonic corrections from B3LYP-D3/SNSD show very good agreement with those in the experiment, with a mean error of 11cm−1 for all fundamental transitions overall and only 2cm−1 for the C≡N stretching fundamental at 4.49 μm. The inclusion of overtones up to three-quanta transitions also allowed the prediction of spectra in the near-infrared region, which shows distinct features due to C≡N overtones at the 2.26 μm and 1.52 μm. The remarkable accuracy of the GVPT2 results opens a pathway for the reliable prediction of spectra for a broader range of cyano-astroCOMs.
Measuring the effectiveness of communication of a podcast on food sustainability
Authors: Pinto Bruno , Matias Ana , Granado António
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effectiveness of communication of a podcast was assessed regarding the variables knowledge retention and interest. Two podcast episodes were produced about Portuguese research in sustainable food, and two news pieces with similar information and reading times were written to be used as a control for this experiment. Initially, 115 students from two universities in Lisbon filled in an online pre-test questionnaire. One week later, 102 students from those 115 students initially assessed listened to one podcast or read one news piece and completed an online post-test questionnaire. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the knowledge retention in both media and no significant differences in what concerns interest on food sustainability or science. Moreover, it was found that there were no significant differences between the two tested media in both the knowledge retention and interest. Nevertheless, the recent popularity of podcasts may justify its production as a new and flexible way to communicate science.
Changes in perception of gender differences in university male students after a self-determination program
Authors: Smith Palacio Eulisis , Bravo-Sánchez Alfredo , Díaz Ureña Germán , Fraile Juan
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to explore the outcomes of an intervention program to promote prosocial behavior, foster personal responsibility and overcome gender stereotypes in sports. This is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) quasi-experimental study using a single group. The sample consisted of 72 male university students (21.9 ± 8.85 years) enrolled in Spanish university. The program is based on the Self-determination Theory and consisted of 26 sessions. A teaching guide for gender equality in physical education, the “It Grows” program. The results of the study indicate that, firstly, the program is effective in significantly raising scores for the variable Personal Responsibility, improving decision-making and commitment to one’s own goals. Secondly, there was an increase in Prosocial Behavior, indicating greater degrees of empathy. Third, processes of intrinsic motivation also improved, with significantly higher scores in Basic Psychological Needs. Fourth, there was a decrease in the prevalence of gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes. An analysis of the pre-intervention correlations between variables indicated a positive and significant correlation between Personal Responsibility and Basic Psychological Needs (p < 0.001; r = 0.700), and between Responsibility and Prosocial Behavior (p < 0.001; r = 0.504). After the intervention program, a positive correlation was found between scores for Personal Responsibility and Basic Psychological Needs (p < 0.001; r = 0.839) and between Personal Responsibility and Prosocial Behavior (p < 0.001; r = 0.624). After the intervention program a negative correlation was also found between scores for Personal Responsibility and Gender Stereotypes (p < 0.001; r = −0.281).
Electricity consumption forecasting using a novel homogeneous and heterogeneous ensemble learning
Authors: Iftikhar Hasnain , Zywiołek Justyna , López-Gonzales Javier Linkolk , Albalawi Olayan
Published: September 2024

In today’s world, a country’s economy is one of the most crucial foundations. However, industries’ financial operations depend on their ability to meet their electricity demands. Thus, forecasting electricity consumption is vital for properly planning and managing energy resources. In this context, a new approach based on ensemble learning has been developed to predict monthly electricity consumption. The method divides electricity consumption time series into deterministic and stochastic components. The deterministic component, which consists of a secular long-term trend and an annual seasonality, is estimated using a multiple regression model. In contrast, the stochastic part considers the short-run random fluctuations of the consumption time series. It is forecasted by four different time series, four machine learning models, and three novel proposed ensemble models: the time series homogeneous ensemble model, the machine learning ensemble model, and the heterogeneous ensemble model. The study analyzed data on Pakistan’s monthly electricity consumption from 1991-January to 2022-December. The evaluation of the forecasting models is based on three criteria: accuracy metrics (including the mean absolute percent error (MAPE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean squared error (RMSE), and the root relative squared error (RRSE)); an equality forecast statistical test (the Diebold and Mariano’s test); and a graphical assessment. The heterogeneous ensemble model’s forecasting results show lower error values compared to the homogeneous ensemble models and the singles models, with accuracy metrics measured by MAPE, MAE, RMSE, and RRSE at 5.0027, 460.4800, 614.5276, and 0.2933, respectively. Additionally, the heterogeneous ensemble model is statistically significant (p < 0.05) and superior to the rest of the models. Also, the heterogeneous ensemble model demonstrates considerable performance with the least mean error, which is comparatively better than the individual and best models reported in the literature and are considered baseline models. Further, the forecast values’ monthly behavior depicts that electricity consumption is higher during the summer season, and this demand will be highest in June and July. The forecast model and graph reveal that electricity consumption rapidly increases with time. This indirectly indicates that the government of Pakistan must take adequate steps to improve electricity production through different energy sources to restore the country’s economic status by meeting the country’s electricity demand. Despite several studies conducted from various perspectives, no analysis has been undertaken using an ensemble learning approach to forecast monthly electricity consumption for Pakistan.
Evaluation of a self-monitoring protocol for assessing soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure among chimney sweeps
Authors: Klang Therese , Molnár Peter , Lindh Christian , Storsjö Tobias , Tinnerberg Håkan
Published: September 2024

Traditional methods for measuring chemical exposure have challenges in terms of obtaining sufficient data; therefore, improved methods for better assessing occupational exposure are needed. One possible approach to mitigate these challenges is to use self-monitoring methods such as sensors, diaries, or biomarkers. In the present study, a self-monitored method for measuring soot exposure, which included real-time air monitoring, a work diary, and the collection of urine samples, was evaluated. To validate the method, exposure measurements during the workday and diary entries were compared with velocities calculated from GPS tracking and the expected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite patterns in urine. The method was applied with chimney sweeps, an occupational group at a high risk of many severe health outcomes and for whom effective control measures for reducing exposure are needed. In the study, 20 chimney sweeps followed a self-monitoring protocol for 8 consecutive workdays. Personal exposure to soot was measured as black carbon (BC) using micro-aethalometers. A diary was used to record the work tasks performed, and urine samples were collected and analysed for PAH metabolites. From the expected 160 full day measurements, 146 (91%) BC measurements and 149 (93%) diaries were collected. From the expected 320 urine samples, 304 (95%) were collected. The tasks noted in the diaries overlapped with information obtained from the GPS tracking of the chimney sweeps, which covered 96% of the measurement time. The PAH metabolites in urine increased during the work week. Factors believed to have positively influenced the sample collection and task documentation were the highly motivated participants and the continuous presence of trained occupational hygiene professionals during the planning of the study and throughout the measurement stage, during which they were available to inform, instruct, and address questions. In conclusion, the self-monitored protocol used in this study with chimney sweeps is a valuable and valid method that can be used to collect larger numbers of samples. This is especially valuable for occupations in which the employees are working independently and the exposure is difficult to monitor with traditional occupational hygiene methods.
Complex transmission epidemiology of neglected Australian arboviruses: diverse non-human vertebrate hosts and competent arthropod invertebrate vectors
Authors: Taylor-Robinson Andrew W.
Published: September 2024

More than 75 arboviruses are indigenous to Australia, of which at least 13 are known to cause disease in humans. Alphaviruses are the most common arboviruses, notably including Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses, which contribute a significant public health and economic burden in Australia. Both can cause febrile illness with arthritic symptoms. Each circulates nationally across diverse climates and environments, and has multi-host, multi-vector dynamics. Several medically important flaviviruses also circulate in Australia. Infection with Murray Valley encephalitis or Kunjin viruses is less common but is associated with brain inflammation. Key research priorities for Australian arboviruses aim to understand clinical manifestations, develop timely diagnostics, and identify transmission cycles that permit the maintenance of arboviruses. While these can now be answered for a handful of notifiable alpha- and flaviviruses there are others for which non-human vertebrate hosts and competent arthropod invertebrate vectors are still to be identified and/or whose role in transmission is not well understood. One or more of these ‘neglected’ arboviruses may be the causative agent of a proportion of the many thousands of fever-related illnesses reported annually in Australia that at present remain undiagnosed. Here, what is known about enzootic cycling of viruses between arthropod vectors and mammalian and avian reservoir hosts is summarised. How and to what extent these interactions influence the epidemiology of arbovirus transmission and infection is discussed.
Recent progress of methods for cuproptosis detection
Authors: Zhang Ligang , Deng Ruiting , Guo Raoqing , Jiang Yawen , Guan Yichen , Chen Caiyue , Zhao Wudi , Huang Guobin , Liu Lian , Du Hongli , Tang Dongsheng
Published: September 2024

Varying from other identified cell death pathways, cuproptosis is a new type of regulated cell death characterized by excess Cu ions, abnormal aggregation of lipoylated proteins in TCA cycle, loss of Fe-S cluster proteins, upregulation of HSP70, leading to proteotoxic and oxidative stress. Cuproptosis is highly concerned by scientific community and as the field of cuproptosis further develops, remarkable progress has been made in the verification and mechanism of cuproptosis, and methods used to detect cuproptosis have been continuously improved. According to the characteristic changes of cuproptosis, techniques based on cell death verification, Cu content, morphology, molecular biology of protein levels of cuproptosis-related molecules and biochemical pathways of cuproptosis-related enzyme activity and metabolites of oxidative stress, lipoic acid, TCA cycle, Fe-S cluster proteins, oxidative phosphorylation, cell respiration intensity have been subject to cuproptosis verification and research. In order to further deepen the understanding of detecting cuproptosis, the principle and application of common cuproptosis detection methods are reviewed and categorized in cellular phenomena and molecular mechanism in terms of cell death, Cu content, morphology, molecular biology, biochemical pathways with a flow chart. All the indicating results have been displayed in response to the markers of cuproptosis, their advantages and limitations are summaried, and comparison of cuproptosis and ferroptosis detection is performed in this study. Our collection of methods for cuproptosis detection will provide a great basis for cuproptosis verification and research in the future.
Clinical characteristics and management of functional neurological disorders (FND) mimicking stroke in emergency settings: a functional stroke mimic cases
Authors: Caruso Paola , Radin Yvonne , Mancinelli Laura , Quagliotto Magda , Lombardo Tiziana , Pavan Stefania , Catalan Mauro , Clarici Andrea , Bulfon Matteo , Benussi Alberto , Manganotti Paolo
Published: September 2024

Background

FNDs mimicking a stroke represent a growing challenge in the emergency department (ED). A comprehensive diagnostic approach involving clinical evaluation and neuroimaging is essential to differentiate stroke from mimics. The safety profile of thrombolysis justifies its use where FNDs cannot be ruled out. This approach highlights the need for more precise diagnostic tools and protocols to improve patient care and reduce unnecessary treatments. Distinguishing FNDs from actual cerebrovascular events is critical yet difficult, particularly under time constraints. Given the urgency and potential severity of strokes, intravenous thrombolysis is frequently administered even when FNDs cannot be definitively excluded.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed data of participants admitted to the Trieste University Hospital Stroke Unit between January 2018 and December 2022, focusing on those presenting with sudden-onset focal neurological deficits mimicking a stroke, with some presenting within the reperfusion treatment window (<4.5 h from symptoms onset). We obtained detailed clinical evaluations and neuroimaging, and administered thrombolytic therapy in selected cases.

Results and discussion

We included 84 participants presenting with stroke mimics (average age of 45 yo) predominantly female (65.5%). Most common presentations: hemiparesis or hemisensory loss (75%), speech disorder (10.7%), vertigo/gait disorders (4.8%). History of psychiatric disorders was found in 32.1% of cases, and 48.8% had prior neurological disease or stroke risk factors. Advanced neuroimaging was performed in 43 cases yielding normal or non-specific results. Thrombolysis was safely administered in 31%. Patients mostly recovered within the first 24 h from admission (44.7%). We compared this FND’s sample with 291 patients with mild ischemic stroke (NIHSS ≤7).
A review of the sources and pharmacological research of morroniside
Authors: Shi Pengliang , Zheng Bingqing , Zhang Shiyao , Guo Qingmei
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Morroniside (Mor) is a bioactive compound found in Corni Fructus (CF) [Cornaceae; Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc.], which has been used as medicine and food in China, Korea, and Japan for over 2,000 years. This review summarizes recent progress on Mor, specifically focusing on its distribution, isolation, detection, and various pharmacological effects.

Methods

A literature survey on Mor was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, and Google Scholar. After removing TCM prescription-related standards, medicinal herb processing-related research, and other irrelevant works of literature, we obtained relevant information on Mor’s biological and pharmacological properties.

Results

The main conclusions are as follows: Mor is widely distributed in the plant kingdom; the methods for extracting and isolating Mor are well established; and the technology for detecting it is accurate. Mor exhibits numerous pharmacological effects. Along with CF, Mor has shown renoprotective effects against diabetes, hepatoprotective effects against diabetes, triptolide, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and boneprotective effects against osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. In addition, researchers have also explored other pharmacological effects of Mor, including neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, and Alzheimer’s disease; cardioprotective effects against acute myocardial infarction; protection of the digestive system from gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colitis; protection of the skin by promoting hair growth, wound healing, and flap survival; and protection of the lungs from acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, Mor has anti-obesity effects, anti-inflammatory effects in the eye, and improves follicular development.

Discussion

Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological effects of Mor, from which the limitations of the current research can be understood, which will help facilitate future research.
A discovery and verification approach to pharmacovigilance using electronic healthcare data
Authors: Dijkstra Louis , Schink Tania , Linder Roland , Schwaninger Markus , Pigeot Iris , Wright Marvin N. , Foraita Ronja
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Pharmacovigilance is vital for drug safety. The process typically involves two key steps: initial signal generation from spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) and subsequent expert review to assess the signals’ (potential) causality and decide on the appropriate action.

Methods

We propose a novel discovery and verification approach to pharmacovigilance based on electronic healthcare data. We enhance the signal detection phase by introducing an ensemble of methods which generated signals are combined using Borda count ranking; a method designed to emphasize consensus. Ensemble methods tend to perform better when data is noisy and leverage the strengths of individual classifiers, while trying to mitigate some of their limitations. Additionally, we offer the committee of medical experts with the option to perform an in-depth investigation of selected signals through tailored pharmacoepidemiological studies to evaluate their plausibility or spuriousness. To illustrate our approach, we utilize data from the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database, focusing on drug reactions to the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban.

Results

In this example, the ensemble method is built upon the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, longitudinal Gamma Poisson shrinker, penalized regression and random forests. We also conduct a pharmacoepidemiological verification study in the form of a nested active comparator case-control study, involving patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation who initiated anticoagulant treatment between 2011 and 2017.

Discussion

The case study reveals our ability to detect known adverse drug reactions and discover new signals. Importantly, the ensemble method is computationally efficient. Hasty false conclusions can be avoided by a verification study, which is, however, time-consuming to carry out. We provide an online tool for easy application: https://borda.bips.eu.
STA-9090 in combination with a statin exerts enhanced protective effects in rats fed a high-fat diet and exposed to diethylnitrosamine and thioacetamide
Authors: Abdelhamid Amir Mohamed , Saber Sameh , Hamad Rabab S. , Abdel-Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Ellethy Abousree T. , Amer Maha M. , Abdel-Hamed Mohamed R. , Mohamed Enas A. , Ahmed Syed Suhail , Elsisi Hossam A. , Khodeir Mostafa M. , Alkhamiss Abdullah S. , A. AlSalloom A. , Abu Elgasim Mawahib Ahmed Elawad , Almansour Zainab H. , Elesawy Basem H. , Elmorsy Elsayed A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Liver fibrosis is a significant global health burden that lacks effective therapies. It can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrant hedgehog pathway activation is a key driver of fibrogenesis and cancer, making hedgehog inhibitors potential antifibrotic and anticancer agents.

Methods

We evaluated simvastatin and STA-9090, alone and combined, in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and exposed to diethylnitrosamine and thioacetamide (DENA/TAA). Simvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, depleting cellular cholesterol required for Sonic hedgehog (Shh) modification and signaling. STA-9090 directly inhibits HSP90 chaperone interactions essential for Shh function. We hypothesized combining these drugs may provide liver protective effects through complementary targeting of the hedgehog pathway. Endpoints assessed included liver function tests, oxidative stress markers, histopathology, extracellular matrix proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and hedgehog signaling components.

Results

HFD and DENA/TAA caused aberrant hedgehog activation, contributing to fibrotic alterations with elevated liver enzymes, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and collagen deposition. Monotherapies with simvastatin or STA-9090 improved these parameters, while the combination treatment provided further enhancements, including improved survival, near-normal liver histology, and compelling hedgehog pathway suppression.

Discussion

Our findings demonstrate the enhanced protective potential of combined HMG CoA reductase and HSP90 inhibition in rats fed a HFD and exposed to DENA and TAA. This preclinical study could help translate hedgehog-targeted therapies to clinical evaluation for treating this major unmet need.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may reduce the risk of developing cancer-related lymphedema following axillary lymph node dissection (ALND)
Authors: Brown Stav , Tadros Audree B. , Montagna Giacomo , Bell Tajah , Crowley Fionnuala , Gallagher Emily J. , Dayan Joseph H.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer face a high risk of lymphedema, further increased by high body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have the potential to reduce these risk factors, but their role in lymphedema has never been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine if GLP-RAs can reduce the risk of lymphedema in patients undergoing ALND.

Methods

All patients who underwent ALND at a tertiary cancer center between 2010 and 2023 were reviewed. Patients with less than 2 years of follow-up from the time of ALND were excluded. Race, BMI, radiation, chemotherapy history, pre-existing diagnosis of diabetes, lymphedema development after ALND, and the use of GLP-1RAs were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess if there was a significant reduction in the risk of developing lymphedema after ALND. A sub-group analysis of non-diabetic patients was also performed.

Results

3,830 patients who underwent ALND were included, 76 of which were treated with. GLP-1 RAs. The incidence of lymphedema in the GLP-1 RA cohort was 6.6% (5 patients). Compared to 28.5% (1,071 patients) in the non-GLP-1 RA cohort. On multivariate regression analysis, patients who were treated with GLP-1 RA were 86% less likely to develop lymphedema compared to the non-GLP-1 RA cohort (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.32, p < 0.0001). A BMI of 25 kg/m 2 or greater was a statistically significant risk factor for developing lymphedema with an odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI 1.16–1.56, p < 0.0001). Diabetes was associated with lymphedema development that closely approached statistical significance (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.97–1.78, p = 0.06). A subgroup analysis solely on non-diabetic patients showed similar results. The odds of developing lymphedema were 84% lower for patients without diabetes treated with GLP1-RAs compared to those who did not receive GLP-1 RAs (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.40, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

GLP1-RAs appear to significantly reduce the risk of lymphedema in patientsundergoing ALND. The mechanism of action may be multifactorial and not limited to weight reduction and insulin resistance. Future prospective analysis is warranted to clarify the role of GLP-1RAs in reducing lymphedema risk.
Dynamic behavior of a two-mass nonlinear fractional-order vibration system
Authors: Han Yu-Xing , Zhang Jia-Xin , Wang Yu-Lan
Published: September 2024

The two-mass nonlinear vocal cord vibration system (VCVS) serves as a mechanical representation of the fundamental vocalization process. Traditional models of the VCVS, which are based on integer-order dynamics, often overlook the impact of memory effects. To address this limitation and enhance the accuracy of simulations, this study incorporates the memory effects of vocal cord vibrations by integrating the Grunwald–Letnikov fractional derivative into the two-mass nonlinear VCVS framework. Initially, a high-precision computational scheme is formulated for the two-mass nonlinear fractional-order VCVS. Subsequently, the model undergoes a comprehensive series of numerical simulations to investigate its dynamic characteristics. The findings reveal that the dynamics of the fractional-order VCVS exhibit a significantly higher complexity compared to the conventional integer-order models, with the emergence of novel chaotic behaviors that were previously unobserved.
Depleted uranium munitions and the Ukraine war: a warning against DU renaissance
Authors: Eslami Mohammad , Vieira Alena , Al-Marashi Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Contrary to the contested use of depleted uranium (DU) weapons following the Iraq war in 2003, which led some nations to seek a ban on DU use and even eliminate their existing arsenals, there is now a growing tendency both toward the use and production of DU weapons, rendering such weapons as “normal” and “acceptable.” There is a risk of a DU renaissance as a consequence of the war in Ukraine. We argue that more attention is needed to the strategies to deal with the DU renaissance, including further research on the health and environmental effects and the associated clean-up efforts, particularly concerning chemical toxicity and exposure to DU-linked radiation, to the alternative military strategies, as well as alternative munitions, such as tungsten.
The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy for young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trotta Antonella , Gerber Andrew J. , Rost Felicitas , Robertson Sarah , Shmueli Avi , Perelberg Rosine J.
Published: September 2024

Objective

One in six young adults presents with at least one mental health problem. However, so far, little attention has been directed to the mental health needs and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for young adults. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the type, quality and efficacy of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for young people.

Method

We searched the PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify all the published randomized controlled trials (RCT), and naturalistic and observational studies of psychodynamic or psychoanalytic psychotherapies. We calculated the standardized mean difference in scores of psychodynamic interventions versus control conditions, adopting a random effects model (Hedges’ g).

Results

We identified 22 eligible studies, including 14 RCTs, and 8 naturalistic studies. Statistical analyses showed no significant difference between psychodynamic psychotherapy and other comparison treatments (psychotherapy or pharmacological interventions) for young adults (Hedges’g − 0.34 [95% CI: −0.991;-0.309], p = 0.304). Nevertheless, there was a significant effect of psychodynamic psychotherapy when compared with control conditions (waiting list or treatment as usual) for target symptoms (Hedges’g − 1.24 [95% CI: −1.97;-0.51], p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our systematic review highlights important clinical implications in identifying the efficacy of psychoanalytic interventions for specific at-risk groups and suggests developing prevention strategies for mental health problems in young adulthood across cultures and context.
The use of artificial songs to assess song recognition in imprinted female songbirds: a concept proposal
Authors: Makioka Hiroharu , Lewis Rebecca N. , Soma Masayo
Published: September 2024

We propose an experimental paradigm to examine acoustic features responsible for song preference and recognition in songbirds. Song preference in female songbirds is often influenced by early song experience. That is why several Estrildid species, including our subject species, the Java sparrow (Padda oryzivora), are known to show an imprinted preference for their father’s songs. After confirming that Java sparrow females preferred their father’s song compared to non-imprinted through song playbacks (first step), we repeated the playback tests in the same subjects using synthesized stimuli (second step). To create synthesized stimuli, we removed all the complex frequency modulations and subharmonics from song notes that we used for the first step playback tests to see the effect of spectrometric features on song recognition. The results indicated that females showed higher rate of calling towards synthesized father song stimuli, suggesting that the macroscopic patterns would play more important roles in song recognition than the microscopic acoustic features. Although we looked at spectrometric features and father-imprinted song preference in this study, similar testing can be applied in many ways to test preference for local dialects or subspecies-specific songs.