bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer X-Ray Timing of the Radio and γ-Ray Quiet Pulsars PSR J1412+7922 and PSR J1849-0001
Authors: Bogdanov Slavko , Ho Wynn C. G. , Enoto Teruaki , Guillot Sebastien , Harding Alice K. , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Malacaria Christian , Manthripragada Sridhar S. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C.
Published: May 2019

We present new timing and spectral analyses of PSR J1412+7922 (Calvera) and PSR J1849−0001, which are only seen as pulsars in X-rays, based on observations conducted with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer. We obtain updated and substantially improved pulse ephemerides compared to previous X-ray studies, as well as spectra that can be well fit by simple blackbodies and/or a power law. Our refined timing measurements enable deeper searches for pulsations at other wavelengths and sensitive targeted searches by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo for continuous gravitational waves from these neutron stars. Using the sensitivity of LIGO’s first observing run, we estimate constraints that a gravitational wave search of these pulsars would be obtained on the size of their mass deformation and r-mode fluid oscillation.
Epicyclic Oscillations in the Hartle–Thorne External Geometry
Authors: Urbancová Gabriela , Urbanec Martin , Török Gabriel , Stuchlík Zdeněk , Blaschke Martin , Miller John C.
Published: May 2019

The external Hartle–Thorne geometry, which describes the spacetime outside a slowly rotating compact star, is characterized by the gravitational mass M, angular momentum J, and quadrupole moment Q of the star and gives a convenient description, which, for the rotation frequencies of more than 95% of known pulsars, is sufficiently accurate for most purposes. We focus here on the motion of particles in these spacetimes, presenting a detailed systematic analysis of the frequency properties of radial and vertical epicyclic motion and of orbital motion. Our investigation is motivated by X-ray observations of binary systems containing a rotating neutron star that is accreting matter from its binary companion. In these systems, twin high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are sometimes observed with a frequency ratio approaching 3:2 or 5:4, and these may be explained by models involving the orbital and epicyclic frequencies of quasi-circular geodesic motion. In our analysis, we use realistic equations of state for the stellar matter and proceed in a self-consistent way, following the Hartle–Thorne approach in calculating both the corresponding values of Q, M, and J for the stellar model and the properties of the surrounding spacetime. Our results are then applied to a range of geodetical models for QPOs. A key feature of our study is that it implements the recently discovered universal relations among neutron-star parameters so that the results can be directly used for models with different masses M, radii R, and rotational frequencies f
rot.
Typification of names in Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in the flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Authors: Insisiengmay Oudomphone , Haevermans Thomas , Newman Mark F.
Published: May 2019

Neotypes are designated for five names in Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Lao PDR, namely K.attapeuensis Picheans. & Koonterm, K.champasakensis Picheans. & Koonterm, K.gigantiphylla Picheans. & Koonterm, K.sawanensis Picheans. & Koonterm and K.xiengkhouangensis Picheans. & Phokham.
Les communs urbains à Barcelone : vers une réinvention de la gouvernance territoriale ?
Authors: Juan Maïté
Published: May 2019

Dans un contexte de privatisation et de marchandisation de l’espace public et d’accroissement des inégalités socio-territoriales, cet article propose de montrer comment le modèle de gestion communautaire d’un équipement culturel public de cirque social à Barcelone, l’Ateneo Popular Nou Barris, se présentant comme une institution d’auto-gouvernement fondée sur les synergies territoriales, peut constituer un levier de réinvention démocratique des modes de gouvernance urbaine. Nous éclairerons de quelle façon la construction de ce commun urbain s’appuie sur l’imbrication de deux processus : d’une part, la consolidation d’une forme d’autonomie territoriale reposant sur un réseau d’entraide et de coopérations entre entités associatives d’un même territoire local, et, d’autre part, sur la capacité à construire une force d’interpellation et à impulser une dynamique de co-construction de l’action publique à l’échelle municipale.
Les destins de l’oralité
Authors: Stora-Waysfeld Elsa , Golse Bernard
Published: May 2019

Les troubles alimentaires précoces sont à appréhender du côté des destins de l’originaire comme l’expression d’un dysfonctionnement dans la mise en place de l’objet et de l’espace transitionnel, elle-même étant liée à la qualité de la fonction proto-représentative des matériaux archaïques. Ces proto-représentations sont réactivées et évoluent à l’occasion des différentes expériences et échanges que l’enfant vit dans une spirale interactive plus ou moins féconde.
L’évolution à long terme d’un cas de psychose infantile. Plaidoyer pour la réhabilitation du terme de « psychose »
Authors: Lazaratou Hélène , Mouselimi Aggeliki , Tsipa Nafsika , Golse Bernard
Published: May 2019

Dans ce travail, les auteurs présentent le cas clinique de Mme M., patiente reçue pour la première fois à l’âge de 7 ans, suivie en psychothérapie pendant deux ans et revue à l’âge de 30 ans. Pour l’étude de ce cas, le travail s’est centré sur deux axes. Le premier axe est psychodynamique. Il permet de faire une lecture des troubles en appui sur la notion d’ « oralité » qui s’est déployée tout au long de la vie de la patiente et ceci en grande partie en lien avec la qualité de la relation à l’objet maternel. Le deuxième axe est nosographique. On discute ici l’utilité du concept de « psychose infantile », terme rencontré uniquement dans la nosographie française. Dans les travaux anglo-saxons, le terme « troubles du spectre autistique » regroupe tous les tableaux cliniques graves de l’enfance. L’évolution de Mme M. vers la schizophrénie prouve la nécessité du diagnostic différentiel entre les deux concepts cliniques qui correspondent à des fonctionnements psychiques très différents.
Forêts et allergies
Authors: Thibaudon Michel , Besancenot Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2019

Objectif : Il existe une littérature abondante consacrée aux effets bénéfiques des forêts sur la santé physique et mentale. Mais on ne saurait dissimuler que les milieux forestiers peuvent aussi avoir des effets défavorables dont certains, de nature allergique, ont été sous-étudiés. Méthodes : Une revue bibliographique étendue nous a permis de réaliser une première synthèse sur le sujet. L’accent est mis sur les forêts tempérées, et spécialement sur les forêts françaises. Résultats : Les pollens anémophiles émis par les arbres à feuilles caduques sont la principale cause des allergies respiratoires liées aux forêts. Les risques se concentrent entre le milieu de l’hiver et la fin du printemps. Les pollens de Frêne, de Charme et de Bouleau et, plus accessoirement, les pollens de Chêne et de Hêtre entraînent des réactions allergiques non seulement en forêt, mais aussi à des distances considérables. Par sa forte humidité et l’abondance de la matière organique en décomposition, le milieu forestier est également favorable au développement des moisissures. De ce fait, les spores fongiques peuvent être à l’origine de manifestations allergiques rappelant les pollinoses. Quant aux « autres » allergies, il s’agit surtout de dermatites de contact qui touchent avant tout les travailleurs du bois. Mais un cas particulier est celui des allergies provoquées par les chenilles processionnaires du pin, en extension rapide vers le nord. Conclusions : La fréquence des réactions allergiques observées en forêt, ou ayant leur origine en forêt, rend nécessaire la mise en place d’un dispositif ambitieux de surveillance aérobiologique et épidémiologique.
Épidémiologie de la borréliose de Lyme en France : entre incertitudes et certitudes
Authors: Klopfenstein Timothée , Jaulhac Benoît , Blanchon Thierry , Hansmann Yves , Chirouze Catherine
Published: May 2019

Les données épidémiologiques des infections transmises par les tiques, en particulier celles concernant la borréliose de Lyme, sont hétérogènes tant qualitativement que quantitativement. La borréliose de Lyme est une zoonose transmise par les tiques du genre Ixodes ricinus . Après piqûre de tique, le risque de transmission d’un agent infectieux reste faible, le plus souvent représenté par Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato  ; des autres infections de l’homme par plusieurs agents infectieux variés (bactériens, viraux ou parasitaires) voire des coïnfections sont possibles mais a priori rares. À côté des pathogènes connus, de nouvelles espèces ou genres de micro-organismes sont régulièrement décrits dans les tiques, mais on manque de données sur la compétence vectorielle d’ I. ricinus pour ces nouveaux agents infectieux, pour pouvoir conclure sur leur éventuelle pathogénicité en médecine humaine, qui n’est pas décrite ou n’est pas encore établie à ce jour. La présentation clinique de la borréliose de Lyme est variée, avec des formes localisées et disséminées survenant à distance de la piqûre de tique, rendant son diagnostic parfois difficile. L’évolution naturelle de la borréliose en l’absence de traitement est peu connue ; cependant quelques études historiques semblent rassurantes avec une guérison spontanée possible et des séquelles paraissant plutôt mineures. Le diagnostic des formes disséminées nécessite des examens paracliniques, avec en premier lieu la sérologie, dont la sensibilité augmente avec le temps d’évolution de la borréliose ; cela est d’autant plus utile que les formes disséminées sont de diagnostic clinique plus difficile. Après antibiothérapie, l’évolution clinique est bonne, les séquelles restent possibles en particulier en cas de retard diagnostic ou de forme disséminée tardive ; leur fréquence reste toutefois méconnue.
Viande de brousse, impacts anthropiques et santé humaine dans les forêts tropicales humides : le cas du virus Ebola
Authors: Fa John Emmanuel , Nasi Robert , van Vliet Nathalie
Published: May 2019

À l’heure où plus de 5 millions de tonnes par an de viande de brousse sont prélevées dans les forêts tropicales et représentent une part significative, mais non comptabilisée, du produit intérieur brut de nombreux pays forestiers, les décideurs publics sont amenés à clarifier, dans les politiques de conservation et de sécurité alimentaire, le rôle que peut jouer la faune sauvage dans la conservation des services écosystémiques. Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse du problème, en décrivant le rôle que joue la viande de brousse dans l’alimentation, les risques de santé humaine liés à la consommation de viande de brousse, et en particulier en ce qui concerne la maladie d’Ebola, afin d’apporter quelques éléments de réflexion sur l’orientation des stratégies possibles pour diminuer les risques pour la santé humaine dans le contexte d’une utilisation fréquente de la viande de brousse pour les besoins des populations rurales et urbaines.
Effets des forêts et des bains de forêt ( shinrin-yoku ) sur la santé humaine : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Li Qing
Published: May 2019

Depuis longtemps, les êtres humains apprécient les milieux forestiers grâce à l’atmosphère tranquille qui y règne, la beauté des paysages, le climat clément, les odeurs agréables et l’air frais et pur. Depuis 2004, des études en séries ont été menées au Japon afin d’étudier les effets des milieux forestiers sur la santé humaine. Nous avons établi une nouvelle science interdisciplinaire qui appartient aux catégories des médecines douces, de la médecine environnementale et de la médecine préventive. Elle recouvre les effets des milieux forestiers sur la santé humaine. Les effets bénéfiques suivants sur la santé humaine ont été recensés : augmentation de l’activité humaine des cellules tueuses naturelles (NK, natural killer ), du nombre de cellules NK et du taux intracellulaire des protéines anticancéreuses, suggérant un effet préventif contre les cancers ; baisse de la pression artérielle, de la fréquence cardiaque et de certaines hormones de stress telles que l’adrénaline et la noradrénaline urinaires et le cortisol salivaire ; augmentation de l’activité du nerf parasympathique et réduction de celle du nerf sympathique ; augmentation des taux sériques d’adiponectine et du sulfate de déhydroépiandrostérone ; dans le test dit du profil des états d’humeur (PDEH), réduction des scores pour l’anxiété, la dépression, la colère, la fatigue et la confusion, et augmentation du score pour la vigueur, attestant également d’effets psychologiques. Ces résultats indiquent que les bains de forêt pourraient avoir des effets préventifs contre les maladies liées au mode de vie.
Espaces verts et forêts en ville : bénéfices et risques pour la santé humaine selon l’approche « Une seule santé » (One Health)
Authors: Bolon Isabelle , Cantoreggi Nicola , Simos Jean , Ruiz de Castañeda Rafael
Published: May 2019

L’approche « Une seule santé » (One Health) propose d’aborder les relations homme-animal-écosystèmes dans leur continuum. Cette approche systémique peut s’avérer fort utile pour aborder les liens entre espaces verts boisés en région urbaine et santé des citadins (plus de la moitié de la population mondiale). Ces liens commencent à être maintenant bien documentés par la littérature scientifique dans leur diversité et complexité. Des bienfaits et des risques pour la santé humaine peuvent être mieux analysés et des pistes d’action pour l’avenir utilement dégagées.
Measuring Activity and Department/Provider Unit Outcomes
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S.
Published: May 2019

Evaluation relates to both activity and departmental goals. Differentiating these two types of evaluation and implementing them appropriately is a critical role of nursing professional development practitioners.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(6):245–247.]
The Impact of an Educational Intervention on the Knowledge and Beliefs of Registered Nurses Regarding Human Trafficking
Authors: Berishaj Kelly , Buch Carrie , Glembocki Margaret M.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Human trafficking is a global, public health concern that can be addressed by nurses. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention on nurses' self-reported knowledge and beliefs regarding human trafficking.

Method:

A quasi-experimental, pretest–posttest design was used to determine whether the implementation of an educational intervention had a positive impact on nurses' self-reported knowledge and beliefs regarding human trafficking. Researchers developed a survey instrument to evaluate attainment of outcomes.

Results:

The survey instrument was found to be highly reliable on both pretest (α = .90) and posttest (α = .81). The paired sample
t
-test results showed a significant change (
p
< .001) in nurses' perceived knowledge and beliefs from pretest to posttest for 17 of 19 survey items.

Conclusion:

An educational conference is an effective intervention that can positively affect nurses' perceptions of knowledge and beliefs regarding human trafficking.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(6):269–274.]
The Expanding Role of Nurse Practitioners in Home-Based Primary Care: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Wolff-Baker Deborah , Ordona Ron Billano
Published: May 2019

Approximately 93% of Medicare spending is for beneficiaries with multiple chronic conditions. Costs of poorly coordinated or delayed care for this vulnerable population are staggering—not just measured in dollars and cents, but in overall psychosocial burdens of poor health and diminished quality of life. Home-based primary care (HBPC) practices are an effective way to meet needs of frail older adults who find it difficult, if not impossible, to leave home for medical care with an overall cost savings to Medicare. Nurse practitioners (NPs) provide more than 825,000 HBPC visits per year. Their training and education uniquely prepare them to address whole person aspects of health, including medical, psychosocial, and quality of life realms. Despite proven benefits of NPs providing HBPC, Medicare regulatory barriers disallow NPs from certifying or recertifying Medicare home health or certifying terminal illness for hospice patients. These barriers decrease patient access to timely care and increase Medicare costs. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(6), 9–14.]
Secondary Surgery Rates After Primary Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Dannenbaum Joseph H. , Tompkins Bryan J. , Bronson William B. , McMulkin Mark L. , Caskey Paul M.
Published: May 2019

Instrumented spinal fusion is the gold standard treatment for surgical magnitude adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), with the goal being stable fusion without the need for additional procedures. The purpose of this study was to define the surgical return rates of AIS at a single center with respect to various instrumentation constructs used during initial spinal fusion. A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with AIS who underwent instrumented fusion with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Demographic information, implant type, and surgical approach for the primary surgery and all subsequent secondary operations were recorded. Four hundred eleven patients who underwent instrumented fusion for AIS during the study period met inclusion criteria. Sixty-six secondary operations were performed in 50 patients (12.2%). Symptomatic hardware, pseudarthrosis, and infection were the most common indications for secondary surgery. Posterior pedicle screw constructs had a lower secondary surgery rate (5.8%) compared with hybrid and combined fusions (
P
<.05). The all hook, hybrid, anterior only, and combined fusions had secondary surgery rates of 13.0%, 18.5%, 10.0%, and 20.8%, respectively, which were not statistically different. When specifically comparing pedicle screw with hook constructs, there was a statistically lower pseudarthrosis rate (
P
=.03) favoring pedicle screw instrumentation. Patients undergoing instrumented fusion for AIS are at some risk for subsequent surgery. To lessen that risk, pedicle screw constructs should be considered, as they have shown an overall lower secondary surgery rate and in particular a lower rate of pseudarthrosis. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(4):235–239.]
Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Inpatients With Operative Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Shah Kalpit N. , Goodman Avi D. , Durand Wesley , Daniels Alan H. , Weiss Arnold-Peter C.
Published: May 2019

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may occur concomitantly with distal radius fracture (DRF) and is often managed with carpal tunnel release (CTR). Carpal tunnel syndrome may also develop postoperatively after DRF fixation. The authors sought to determine the rate of CTS with DRF, prophylactic CTR, and postoperative development of CTS. Furthermore, they also sought to identify predictors of these. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried (2002 to 2014) to identify adult inpatients undergoing surgical fixation of DRFs. They were segregated by the presence of CTS and further stratified by the timing of CTR in relation to DRF fixation. Those with a CTS diagnosis undergoing CTR on the same day as or prior to DRF fixation were classified as having CTS concomitantly. Patients undergoing CTR without a CTS diagnosis were considered prophylactically released. Carpal tunnel releases on any day after fracture fixation were considered complications. The authors identified 275,052 inpatients who had fixation of DRFs. Of these, 11,816 patients (4.3%) had CTS concomitantly. A total of 530 patients developed CTS after their DRF fixation (0.3%). Of those without CTS, 4420 patients (1.6%) underwent prophylactic CTR. Male sex, age younger than 50 years, and polytrauma status were associated with concomitant CTS and prophylactic CTR. Age younger than 50 years and polytrauma status were associated with postoperative development of CTS. The authors identified the rate of concomitant CTS, prophylactic CTR, and CTS developing postoperatively in inpatients undergoing DRF fixation. As early recognition and treatment optimizes outcomes after acute CTS, these data draw attention to the high rate of CTS and may be useful to surgeons treating patients with DRFs. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(4):227–234.]
Failure of Fixation With Nickel–Titanium Staples in First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis With Hallux Valgus Deformity
Authors: Chan Jimmy J. , Sarkar Salman S. , Nordio Andrea , Guzman Javier Z. , Hasija Rohit , Vulcano Ettore
Published: May 2019

First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis is a treatment option for patients with arthritic hallux valgus (HV). Nickel–titanium staples allow continuous compression throughout the fusion site and have been shown to achieve successful union in many procedures. However, their efficacy has not been tested in patients with underlying HV deformity. Three cases of severe HV deformity that underwent first MTP arthrodesis with 2 nickel–titanium staples placed 60° from each other and had failure are reported. The authors believe this construct does not provide adequate rotational control for first MTP arthrodesis in patients with severe HV deformity. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(4):e402–e404.]
Strategic experimentation in queues
Authors: Cripps Martin W. , Thomas Caroline D.
Published: May 2019

We analyze the social and private learning at the symmetric equilibria of a queueing game with strategic experimentation. An infinite sequence of agents arrive at a server that processes them at an unknown rate. The number of agents served at each date is either a geometric random variable in the good state or zero in the bad state. The queue lengthens with each new arrival and shortens if the agents are served or choose to quit the queue. Agents can observe only the evolution of the queue after they arrive; they, therefore, solve a strategic experimentation problem when deciding how long to wait to learn about the probability of service. The agents, in addition, benefit from an informational externality by observing the length of the queue and the actions of other agents. They also incur a negative payoff externality, as those at the front of the queue delay the service of those at the back. We solve for the long‐run equilibrium behavior of this queue and show there are typically mass exits from the queue, even if the server is in the good state.
Efficiency and endogenous fertility
Authors: Pérez-Nievas Mikel , Conde-Ruiz José I. , Giménez Eduardo L.
Published: May 2019

This paper explores the properties of the notions of

A
‐efficiency and

P
‐efficiency, which were proposed by Golosov et al.. (2007), to evaluate allocations in a general overlapping generations setting in which fertility choices are endogenously selected from a continuum and any two agents of the same generation are identical. First, we show that the properties of

A
‐efficient allocations vary depending on the criterion used to identify potential agents. If one identifies potential agents by their position in their siblings' birth order, as Golosov, Jones, and Tertilt do, then

A
‐efficiency requires that a positive measure of agents use most of their endowment to maximize the utility of the dynasty head, which, in environments with finite‐horizon altruism, implies that some agents—the youngest in every family—obtain an arbitrary low income to finance their own consumption and fertility plans. If potential agents are identified by the dates in which they may be born, then

A
‐efficiency reduces to dynastic maximization, which, in environments with finite‐horizon altruism, drives the economy to a collapse in finite time. To deal with situations like those arising in economies with finite‐horizon altruism, in which

A
‐efficiency may be in conflict with individual rights, we propose to evaluate the efficiency of a given allocation with a particular class of specifications of

P
‐efficiency for which the utility attributed to the unborn depends on the utility obtained by their living siblings. Under certain concavity assumptions on value functions, we also characterize every symmetric,

P
‐efficient allocation as a Millian efficient allocation, that is, as a symmetric allocation that is not

A
‐dominated—with the birth‐order criterion—by any other symmetric allocation.
Market selection in large economies: A matter of luck
Authors: Massari Filippo
Published: May 2019

In a general equilibrium model with a continuum of traders and bounded aggregate endowment, I investigate the market selection hypothesis that markets favor traders with accurate beliefs. Contrary to known results for economies with (only) finitely many traders, I find that risk attitudes affect traders' survival and that markets can favor “lucky” traders with incorrect beliefs over “skilled” traders with accurate beliefs. My model allows for a clear distinction between luck and skills, and it shows that market selection forces induce efficient prices even when accurate traders do not survive in the long run.
Observational learning in large anonymous games
Authors: Monzón Ignacio
Published: May 2019

I present a model of observational learning with payoff interdependence. Agents, ordered in a sequence, receive private signals about an uncertain state of the world and sample previous actions. Unlike in standard models of observational learning, an agent's payoff depends both on the state and on the actions of others. Agents want both to learn the state and to anticipate others' play. As the sample of previous actions provides information on both dimensions, standard informational externalities are confounded with payoff externalities. I show that in spite of these confounding factors, when signals are of unbounded strength, there is learning in a strong sense: agents' actions are
ex post optimal given both the state of the world and others' actions. With bounded signals, actions approach ex post optimality as the signal structure becomes more informative.
Voting on multiple issues: What to put on the ballot?
Authors: Gershkov Alex , Moldovanu Benny , Shi Xianwen
Published: May 2019

We study a multidimensional collective decision under incomplete information. Agents have Euclidean preferences and vote by simple majority on each issue (dimension), yielding the coordinate‐wise median. Judicious rotations of the orthogonal axes—the issues that are voted upon—lead to welfare improvements. If the agents' types are drawn from a distribution with independent marginals, then under weak conditions, voting on the original issues is not optimal. If the marginals are identical (but not necessarily independent), then voting first on the total sum and next on the differences is often welfare superior to voting on the original issues. We also provide various lower bounds on incentive efficiency: in particular, if agents' types are drawn from a log‐concave density with independently and identically distributed marginals, a second‐best voting mechanism attains at least88%of the first‐best efficiency. Finally, we generalize our method and some of our insights to preferences derived from distance functions based on inner products.
Sine cerere et libero friget venus: el alcoholismo como problema de salud en el monacato visigodo
Authors: Menéndez Bueyes Luis R.
Published: May 2019

A lo largo del reino visigodo de Toledo se fue conformando el primer monacato hispano. Las reglas conservadas lo caracterizan como de especial dureza no siempre fácilmente soportables. Esta dureza conllevó en algunas ocasiones la aparición de adiciones como el alcoholismo crónico, duramente reprobado al entenderse como un pecado de gula.
La delimitación entre las diócesis de Lugo y Oviedo. Escritura diplomática y territorialidad diocesana a mediados del siglo XII
Authors: Calleja-Puerta Miguel
Published: May 2019

La delimitación territorial entre las diócesis fue uno de los procesos fundamentales de la Iglesia castellana en la Plena Edad Media. El dosier de documentos que respaldó la delimitación de las diócesis de Oviedo y Lugo a mediados del siglo XII hace ver que el asunto interesaba a los obispos, pero también a los reyes y los Papas. La reconstrucción de su génesis documental permite también comprobar las influencias diplomáticas entre distintas oficinas de producción documental.
Valles, cofradías de clérigos y señores en el este de la provincia de Burgos (1383-1600)
Authors: Cuesta Nieto José Antonio
Published: May 2019

En los valles que se abren a los pies de la Sierra de la Demanda se fundaron al final de la Edad Media una serie de cofradías que comprendían a los curas y beneficiados de todos los lugares de cada uno de estos valles. Hasta entonces los concejos de los pequeños lugares carecían de desarrollo jurisdiccional, pues, carentes de oficiales propios, dependían de los oficiales de las villas cabeza de jurisdicción y de sus señores; por eso entonces el clero parroquial encabezaba los concejos rurales. Entendemos que las cofradías de clérigos fueron el primer paso hacia el desarrollo institucional de entidades jurisdiccionales más amplias y que jugaron un cierto papel entre los lugares medievales y las villas y hermandades, integradas por uno o varios valles, posteriores.
Planning Urban Futures With Reference to Sustainable Cities
Authors: Turvey Rosario Adapon
Published: May 2019

This chapter is a review of scholarly works on planning for urban futures with special reference to sustainable cities. The chapter aims to produce an update of the challenges and current perspectives on urban planning, sustainability and development across the globe. As informed by research from the academic and scientific communities, the review provides the prospective directions and trends for securing a sustainable urban future. In the sustainable cities discourse, recent intellectual inquiry focused on the conceptualization and knowledge production to create sustainable cities. Though the scope of the review may not be exhaustive, the purpose is to articulate the current progress in the research front concerning concepts and definitions on sustainable cities, planning and methods for urban sustainability development and assessment. The ultimate goal is to provide local authorities, practitioners and/or city governments with some perspective and guidance in working towards urban sustainability in the future.
New Personal Learning Ecosystems
Authors: Fournier Helene , Kop Rita , Molyneaux Heather
Published: May 2019

This chapter highlights over a decade of literature and research findings related to new learning ecosystems such as personal learning environments including MOOCs. New structures and environments are now in place that provide opportunities for learning in open networks, but important challenges and issues persist. This chapter also highlights challenges and opportunities in the design and development of MOOC learning experience design, conditions that must exist for people to be involved and engaged in a connectivist learning environment, challenges related to personalization and support of individual learning needs, along with new ethical and privacy concerns related to the safeguarding of data in networked environments. In conclusion, further research in areas of machine-learning AI in data-driven learning systems is discussed with emphasis on human factors such as motivation, incentives, and support that encourage course participation and learning.
Teaching Virtual Online Courses in an Era of Negative Student Reviews
Authors: Strang Kenneth David
Published: May 2019

Students of higher education are complaining about their online courses or faculty perhaps because universities are pushing to have classroom lectures converted to virtual learning delivery methods but without hiring qualified professors and failing to train faculty to effectively teach online. Different skills are required to effectively teach online courses as compared to lecturing in the classroom. To examine this problem, the author discusses the results of a mixed-methods research design consisting of an experiment followed by constructive feedback analysis. The experiment measured student grades from a standard teaching approach as compared with applying constructivism theory in the same online course at a university. The student outcome effect size for the treatment group was substantial and the analysis of constructive feedback evidence from the students was moderately supportive of the teaching approach.
Participating on More Equal Terms?
Authors: Deutschmann Mats , Steinvall Anders , Wang Airong
Published: May 2019

This chapter investigates the potential effects of unequal power relations on participation in a group of student teachers and invited professionals in two collaborative workshops in Second Life. The basic research enquiry addresses whether the relative anonymity afforded by virtual world environments has an effect on established power structures, thereby empowering relatively powerless language learners to more active participation than would be the case in more traditional learning set-ups. The data includes recordings, group reflections, and individual questionnaires. Participation was examined from the aspects of floor space, turn length, and utterance functions, and complemented with student reflections. The results show that the differences of floor space and turn length between the invited professionals and the students were small. The invited professionals did more conversational management than the students, while the students performed more supportive speech acts. No major gender differences in participation were found. There was, however, considerable individual variation.
Perceptions of Presence and Community in Immersive Online Learning Environments
Authors: Cheney Amelia W. , McClannon Terry , Bolt Les , Sanders Robert L.
Published: May 2019

This chapter is based on survey research conducted between 2010 and 2017, involving 1053 graduate students using immersive online learning environments for their coursework. Investigators used course structural factors and student engagement factors to predict students' perceptions of community and presence in the online immersive space. Utilizing the Sense of Community II index (SCI-2) and the Community of Inquiry survey (COI) median scores as cut scores for predicted outcomes, researchers demonstrated that purely online environments which encouraged student engagement in the online immersive space can enhance sense of presence and sense of community. In addition, students in graduate programs that used online immersive delivery methods longer developed a stronger sense of community. Both dependent measures proved to have stable subscale structures for this inquiry based on a cursory confirmatory factor analysis.
A Constructivist Desktop Virtual Reality-Based Approach to Learning in a Higher Education Institution
Authors: Meri-Yilan Serpil
Published: May 2019

Virtual reality (VR) technology has recently started shaping learning, especially language learning, with the aim of immersing learners into a VR learning environment. However, because of the high system cost of fully immersive VR, desktop VR has been implemented and preferred in educational settings. Based on a constructivist approach, desktop VR has drawn attention to the need for learner autonomy and an authentic VR learning environment. Therefore, this chapter describes empirical research on desktop VR-based learning using a constructivist approach. The research examined university students' interaction and perceptions of learning in this kind of learning environment. Based on the empirical findings gathered from observations and interviews, this chapter has aimed to discuss not only the issues observed both in previous studies and in this chapter, but also additional issues such as scaffolding, self-paced learning, collaboration, and learner differences in order for learning to occur in a well-designed desktop VR learning environment.
Perceptions of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Tourism Sector
Authors: Gomes da Costa Teresa , Teixeira Nuno Miguel , Lisboa Inês
Published: May 2019

Tourism is a strategic sector for the Portuguese economic and social development in general, and for Setúbal municipality in particular. Consequently, the existence of an effective ecosystem that promotes competitive business is crucial for the region. This chapter considers how the entrepreneurial ecosystem concerning tourism sector is perceived and operates in this Portuguese municipality. The authors chose a case study research strategy, in addition to documental analysis, through which we selected 45 stakeholders to participate as a focus group, related to the entrepreneurial activity in tourism in the municipality. The evidence shows that Setúbal municipality has relevant ecosystem elements, which are determinant for the development of the tourism entrepreneurial activity in this region. However, it is not functioning systemically in a way that can generate more effective results in the entrepreneurial activity. This result is also related with the fact that tourism activity in the region is in an initial phase and it is expected that, with its continuous development, the entrepreneurial ecosystem will also grow and become stronger, being able to create more synergies that will support new businesses.
Importance of Entrepreneurship in the Organizational Performance of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Lourenço Rodrigo Teixeira , Valente Fernando Manuel
Published: May 2019

The traditional mission of higher education institutions (HEIs) are training, research, and the transfer of knowledge to society. Nowadays, the third mission has been gaining importance, considering the increasing relevance given to the creation of value by HEIs for society. Entrepreneurial activity is one of the components with more impacts that value creation, but it is still seen as an activity parallel to the main missions of HEIs, where training still takes on special importance. At the same time, the generalized movement of analysis of the organizational performance of HEIs, associated to its strategy but essentially associated with national agencies for accreditations and the rankings, have been direct impacts on its external image and the capacity to obtain students and financing. For the entrepreneurial activity to move from an activity parallel to a prominent activity within HEIs, it must firstly have a strategic framework, but also have measurement mechanisms, based on indicators, that allow to understand the evolution of performance in this area.
Open Innovation and Its Applicability in SMEs
Authors: Atılgan Özgür
Published: May 2019

Rapidly changing consumer demands and needs have shortened the life span of products and services. Innovative products that are produced with long and intensive studies of R&D departments complete their life spans in a short time. Therefore, firms tend to search for interesting ideas developed outside the boundaries of the enterprise. Within this framework, by going beyond innovation, the concept of open innovation emerged as a remedy for the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage. Chesbrough defined open innovation as “the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation and expand the markets for external use of innovation.” The research of open innovation in SMEs is primarily important since SMEs tend to open up more than large firms to reach external knowledge and technology for innovation. In this context, the aim of this chapter is to identify open innovation practices, motivations, intentions, and challenges in SMEs by systematically reviewing related concepts with open innovation in SMEs.
Challenges of the Internationalization Strategy of a Technology-Based International New Venture
Authors: Fernandes Luciana Costa , Pereira Cristiana , Simões Daniela , Moreira António Carrizo
Published: May 2019

The present study seeks to analyze the behavior of a technological start-up regarding its entry modes in foreign markets. It is based on the case study of a company in the field of 3D printing and takes into account the analysis of topics such as the internationalization of start-ups and modes of entry in foreign markets, considering several theories of internationalization. As the company analyzed is a start-up, the research is supported by the analysis of the characteristics present in the process of internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study closes with the conclusion that this SME matches the profile of an International New Venture/Born Global (INV/BG), although the company takes advantage of the network-based theory and relationship orientation to enter international markets. The most used mode of entry by the company in international markets has been exporting activities.
Internationalization and Risks
Authors: Jacinto Rosália da Silva , Galvão Rosa
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the risks associated with globalization and on the risk management techniques that may be used to mitigate them. Therefore, the main objective of the research was to demonstrate how a Portuguese company in the sector of the ship-chandler, with an activity focused on international customers, is exposed to the risks of internationalization and how it operates to mitigate such risks. Consequently, the research methodology used was the case study. It was observed that even though the company was subjected to country, credit, and foreign exchange risk, which had an impact on the functioning and activity results, it did not apply any risk-management technique. For that reason, a model for the management of these risks has been proposed in order to mitigate their impact on activity and improve and streamline future operations and financial results.
Making the Case for Global Outsourcing
Authors: Smith Alan D. , Krivacek Sara Joy
Published: May 2019

Social media and empowered customers have significantly raised customer expectations of quality. Although there are similarities and differences in the approaches taken by management, they share the common goal of delivering a high-quality product and satisfying their customers. The majority of the case study concentrates on how both companies monitor quality, evaluate performance, train employees, and promote continuous improvement in order to achieve best business practices. The review of the literature on global outsourcing and analysis of the case studies provide evidence that economic development creates both short-term operation advantages through increased levels of efficiency as well as long-term social and cultural changes. Operational and strategic managers can use this information when making decisions on where to locate various aspects of their business. In some cases, it may make sense to outsource a particular task, but in other cases an organization may want to offshore particular tasks in order to keep control of the process.
Trolls, Bots, and Whatnots
Authors: Klyueva Anna
Published: May 2019

Trolls and bots are often used to alter, disrupt, or even silence legitimate online conversations artificially. Disrupting and corrupting the online civic engagement process creates ethical challenges and undermines social and political structures. Trolls and bots often amplify spurious deceptive content as their activity artificially inflates support for an issue or a public figure, thus creating mass misperception. In addressing this concern, the chapter examines how trolls (humans) and bots (robots that exhibit human-like communication behavior) affect online engagement that perpetuates deception, misinformation, and fake news. In doing so, the chapter reviews the literature on online trolling and chatbots to present a list of research-based recommendations for identifying (deception detection) and reacting (deception suppression) to trolls and bots.
Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman
Authors: Blanton Raymond , Carbajal Darlene
Published: May 2019

This chapter takes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of deception from the critical perspectives of rhetoric, communication, and media studies. The primary objective is to interrogate the interrelationship of communication, identity, and technology relevant to social media in order to confront issues related to online deception. To that end, this case study is centrally focused on social media sensation Miquela Sosa, also known as Lil Miquela, and the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and social media influencers to contribute to a more robust critical consciousness regarding misinformation online.
Toward a Theoretical Model of Authentic and Fake User-Generated Online Reviews
Authors: Banerjee Snehasish , Chua Alton Y. K.
Published: May 2019

As consumers increasingly rely on user-generated online reviews to make purchase decisions, the prevalence of fake entries camouflaged among authentic ones has become a growing concern. On the scholarly front, this has given rise to two disparate research strands. The first focuses on ways to distinguish between authentic and fake reviews but ignores consumers' perceptions. The second deals with consumers' perceptions of reviews without delving into their ability to discern review authenticity in the first place. As a result of the fragmented literature, what has eluded scholarly attention is the extent to which consumers are able to perceive actual differences between authentic and fake reviews. To this end, the chapter highlights the theoretical value of weaving the two research strands together. With the aim to contribute to the theoretical discussion surrounding the problem, it specifically develops what is referred as the Theoretical model of Authentic and Fake reviews (the TAF). New research directions are identified based on the TAF.
New Mythologies of Fake News
Authors: Rajan Benson
Published: May 2019

An ideological state project of assigning science achievements to that of Hindu mythologies is indirectly undermining democratic structures. Emergence of the fake news phenomenon within the current post-truth era has threatened India's state harmony. From its dominant role in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections to the 2016 U.S. presidential elections, fake news has become a political tool which was misused in both events. One of the major concerns with fake content creation appeared in its use by the central government to disregard science. Political leaders are achieving this by propagating fictional accounts of material inventions from mythological epics like the Mahabharata as the origin for modern scientific inventions like airplanes. Such fake content is part of Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) larger project directed towards creating a Hindu nation. These content are provided virality with the help of social media and online chat platforms like WhatsApp. The chapter tries to locate the role of the instant messaging application WhatsApp in establishing Hindu mythological achievements as the predecessor of modern science in India.
The Rise of Professional Facebook Content Generators in Vietnam
Authors: Mach Le Thu
Published: May 2019

This case study is empirical research. It highlights the fact that the dynamic and complex Facebook content generators involve actively in the formulation and dissemination of fake news in Vietnam. Professional Facebook content generators include not only the paid online commentators, being hired by the government or business sector but also the professional journalists, who can earn for their living by promoting certain ideas and products on Facebook. As journalism functions as a tool for propaganda in Vietnam, even some governmental officers engage in the formulation of fake news, as long as the fake news serves the propaganda purposes. Through the analysis of the engagement of each group of Facebook content generators in fake news, this chapter contributes to the identification and elimination of fake news, and therefore, it is especially significant for journalists in reflexive truth-seeking practice.