bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3991: Increased expression of cancer stem cells markers (CD44, CD90 and CD133) contributes to disease progression and reduced survival in hepatoblastoma patients from Egypt: four years survival data
Authors: Zekri Abdel-Rahman N. , Bahnassy Abeer A. , Fawzy Mohamed , El-Wakil Mohamed , Abdel-Sayed Ahmed , Sheta Marwa E.
Published: May 2015

Background: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is an embryonal tumor of the liver that occurs in infants and young children. Complete surgical resection and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy are crucial for cure in HB. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a newly identified subpopulation, which may differentiate into heterogeneous progenies of malignant cells. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic and predictive values of CSCs markers (CD133, CD90 and CD44) in a cohort of HB patients from Egypt.

Methods: Disease status was evaluated for 43 HB patients at the main checkpoints of therapy and during follow-up. Protein and RNA expressions of CD44, CD 90 and CD 133 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time (qPCR).

Results: OS for all patients at 4 years was 58.2. OS significantly correlated with disease stages (stage I&II versus III&IV 81.9% and 30%, p<0.001); tumor response (p<0.001); CD44, CD 90, CD 133 expression (p<0.001) versus treatment modality (total surgical resection versus incomplete or no resection, 83.8% versus 25.2 %; p<0.001). Reduced DFS was associated with CD44 and CD133 expression (p<0.001) only.

Conclusion: Complete surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy significantly improve outcome in HB with a significantly higher survival rates among patients with early stage disease. Expression of CSCs markers (CD133, 44, and 90) can predict poor outcome in HB patients with reduced OS and DFS rates. However further studies are required to confirm their prognostic and potential targeted therapy value.

Citation Format: Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Abeer A. Bahnassy, Mohamed Fawzy, Mohamed El-Wakil, Ahmed Abdel-Sayed, Marwa E. Sheta. Increased expression of cancer stem cells markers (CD44, CD90 and CD133) contributes to disease progression and reduced survival in hepatoblastoma patients from Egypt: four years survival data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3991. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3991
Abstract 4003: Clinical and biological significance of CXCR6 in lung cancer
Authors: Mir Hina , Gupta Pranav , Singh Rajesh , Sharma Praveen K. , Kaur Gurpreet , Ward Ashley B. , Grizzle William E. , Lillard James W. , Singh Shailesh
Published: May 2015

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide in both men and women. Metastasis is responsible for most lung cancer related deaths; therefore, a better understanding of the metastatic processes and therapies designed to prevent the spread of cancer cells are greatly needed. The specific mechanisms that promote metastases have not been fully elucidated. Among all known chemokine receptors involved in cancer progression, most cancer cells including lung cancer express CXCR4. Furthermore, involvement of CXCR4 and CCR7 in breast cancer and CXCR4, CCR9 and CX3CR1 in prostate cancer progression further indicates that multiple chemokine receptors are involved in dictating the multi-step process of metastasis. In this study, we show significantly higher expression of CXCR6 and CXCL16 in lung cancer tissues compared to normal matched tissues. Expression of CXCR6 was significantly higher in adeno- carcinoma compared to squamous cell carcinoma. It addition to these, serum levels of CXCL16, the only natural ligand for CXCR6, was also significantly higher in lung cancer patients compared to normal healthy donor. Furthermore, serum CXCL16 was also significantly higher in patients with adenocarcinoma compared to patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Impact of this chemokines-receptor axis was determined in lung cancer cell lines in vitro, which express CXCR6 and CXCL16. Like tissues, lung cancer cells showed higher expression of CXCR6 and CXCL16 compared to normal lung epithelial cells (NuLi-1). Interestingly, expression of CXCR6 was highest in cell lines derived form adenocarcinoma followed by cell lines from squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CXCR6 and soluble CXCL16 interaction plays a crucial role in lung cancer cells migration and invasion. The mechanism underlying these clinically and biologically important findings need to be further explored. Increased serum CXCL16 in lung cancer patients with metastatic disease required further validation as a potential therapeutic target and/or diagnostic marker for lung cancer.

Citation Format: Hina Mir, Pranav Gupta, Rajesh Singh, Praveen K. Sharma, Gurpreet Kaur, Ashley B. Ward, William E. Grizzle, James W. Lillard, Shailesh Singh. Clinical and biological significance of CXCR6 in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4003. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4003
Abstract 4017: Dynamic biochemical tissue analysis detects functional selectin ligands expressed on breast, colorectal, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and stomach cancer tissues
Authors: Martin Eric , Malgor Ramiro , Goetz Douglas , Burdick Monica
Published: May 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that selectin/selectin ligand interactions are involved in mediating the adhesion of bloodborne circulating tumor cells at distant sites during the later stages of cancer metastasis. Presently, immunostaining is the standard method for detecting selectin ligands expressed on tissue, but this approach cannot ascertain if the selectin ligands are functional. That is, detection of purported selectin ligands by static (no-force) immunostaining under equilibrium conditions does not necessitate that the reactive antigens are able to mediate cell adhesion with hemodynamic flow (force) under non-equilibrium conditions. The relevance of functional selectin ligands as a biomarker is presently unclear because of the lack of adequate detection methods. Recently, we developed a method to detect functional selectin ligands in situ by perfusing selectin-coated microspheres (probes) over cancer tissues in a microfluidic device. This method of tissue interrogation is termed dynamic biochemical tissue analysis (DBTA). Preliminary analysis of signet ring cell colon carcinoma tissue revealed the highest amount of specific probe adhesion relative to negative control probes occurred with a murine E-selectin probe, rather than human E-, P-, or L-selectin probes. Therefore, to investigate the relevance of functional selectin ligand expression on cancer tissue as a biomarker, 196 cases of various solid tumors at primary and metastatic sites were investigated with DBTA using murine E-selectin. Probe adhesion occurred on multiple cases of breast, colon, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and stomach cancers, demonstrating the presence of functional selectin ligands. In addition, probe adhesion occurred on multiple cases of breast, colon, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, rectal, and stomach cancer tissues sampled from metastatic sites. Overall, probe adhesion levels for the tissues investigated ranged from 10 specifically adherent probes/mm2 on lung adenosquamous carcinoma to 1170 specifically adherent probes/mm2 on ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma, indicating broad levels of functional selectin ligand expression. In summary, DBTA detects functional selectin ligands expressed on tissue from multiple cancer types at both the primary and metastatic sites, data that may provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information for malignant tumors.

Citation Format: Eric Martin, Ramiro Malgor, Douglas Goetz, Monica Burdick. Dynamic biochemical tissue analysis detects functional selectin ligands expressed on breast, colorectal, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and stomach cancer tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4017. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4017
Abstract 402: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apoptosis induction in melanoma cells through histones modification by 3-deazaneplanocin A
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Donovan Nicholas , Yu Qiang , Irie Reiko , Hoon Dave S.B.
Published: May 2015

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is cytokine, which influences the tumor microenvironment. While melanoma is known to express variable levels of TNFα, its regulation is not well understood. The objective of the study was to investigate the epigenetic regulation of TNFα in melanoma cells. Melanoma cell lines were treated with 3-Deazaneplanocin A(DZNep), an inhibitor of polycomb-repressive complex 2(PRC2), and analyzed for its effect on the cell viability assay and apoptosis assay. PRC2 and histones H3K27me3, H3K4me2 and H3K9ac activity were assessed pre- and post-DZNep by Western blot on cell lines and tumors. ChIP-qPCR array, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and PCR array analysis of melanoma lines treated with DZNep. DZNep could induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, and up-regulate TNFα expression. Specific histones were associated with the upregulation of TNFα expression by ChIP-qPCR array. The repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, as well as the active histone marks, H3K4me2 and H3K9ac, were correlated with the regulation of TNFα expression. We demonstrated that DZNep can activate TNFα expression in melanoma through histone modification. These findings suggest that epigenetic agents targeting PRC2 can activate TNFα in melanoma cells. The DNA methylation, H3K27me3, H3K4me2, and H3K9ac modification, contribute to TNFα regulation.

Citation Format: Ryo Tanaka, Nicholas Donovan, Qiang Yu, Reiko Irie, Dave S.B. Hoon. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apoptosis induction in melanoma cells through histones modification by 3-deazaneplanocin A. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 402. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-402
Abstract 4035: A mitochondrial switch promotes tumor metastasis
Authors: Porporato Paolo E. , Payen Valéry L. , Pérez-Escuredo Jhudit , Danhier Pierre , Feron Olivier , Gallez Bernard , Sonveaux Pierre
Published: May 2015

Cancers evolve a subpopulation of tumor cells that metabolically rely on glycolysis uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation irrespectively of oxygen availability (aerobic glycolysis). Given that most metastases are abnormally avid for glucose (which is the rationale for their clinical detection using FDG-PET) and because clinical data show a positive correlation between lactate production and tumor metastasis, we reasoned that cells performing aerobic glycolysis could constitute a population of metastatic progenitor cells that would remain glycolytic in the blood stream. We found a different metabolic phenotype, though. Indeed, using serial rounds of in vitro selection of highly invasive tumor cells (starting from wild-type SiHa human cervix adenocarcinoma cells) and in vivo selection of supermetastatic tumor cells (starting from B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells), we identified a mitochondrial switch corresponding to an overload of the TCA cycle with preserved mitochondrial functions (including ATP production) but increased mitochondrial superoxide production. The switch provided a metastatic advantage which was phenocopied by moderate OXPHOS inhibition associated with mild mitochondrial superoxide increase. Thus, two different events, OXPHOS overload or moderate OXPHOS inhibition, promote superoxide-dependent tumor cell migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and metastasis; demonstrating the central role of mitochondrial superoxide generation in the pathogenesis of metastasis. Consequently, we report that mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenging (using mitoTEMPO or mitoQ) inhibits metastatic dissemination from primary mouse and human tumors, which opens a new avenue for the therapeutic prevention of tumor metastasis.

Citation Format: Paolo E. Porporato, Valéry L. Payen, Jhudit Pérez-Escuredo, Pierre Danhier, Olivier Feron, Bernard Gallez, Pierre Sonveaux. A mitochondrial switch promotes tumor metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4035. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4035
Abstract 4048: GFRα1 is required for GDNF-induced viability, migration, and signaling through RET in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ferrante Catherine A. , DeAngelis Nikki , Verona Raluca
Published: May 2015

Hormone resistance is a major challenge in treating breast cancer patients. Although anti-estrogens, such as tamoxifen, are initially successful controlling disease in estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERα+) tumors, patients with metastatic disease and as many as 40 % of patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen acquire resistance to treatment, relapse, and die. The receptor tyrosine kinase, RET, its co-receptor, GFRα1, and their ligand, GDNF, are proteins that are emerging as potential contributors to hormone resistance in breast cancer. RET and GFRα1 were recently shown to be overexpressed in a subset of ERα+ breast cancer tumors, and GFRα1 expression was associated with lymphovascular invasion. In vitro, silencing RET with siRNA increased MCF7 cells' sensitivity to tamoxifen and, in the absence of estrogens, treatment of MCF7 cells with GDNF induced upregulation of ERα target genes. Additionally, GDNF stimulation of MCF7 cells enhanced proliferation, survival, and cell scattering. Together, clinical and preclinical data suggest that this pathway plays an important role in driving breast cancer invasion, metastasis, and hormone resistance. However, the role of GFRα1 has not been examined in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In this study we tested the functional consequences of silencing GFRα1 in ERα + MCF7 cells on tumor cell migration, invasion, and RET signaling. We showed that targeted reduction of GFRα1 significantly inhibited GDNF-induced migration in both a transwell (p=<0.001) and scratch wound assay (p=<0.001 at 24 hours). In addition, GDNF-induced increases in viability were significantly decreased when MCF7 cells were treated with neutralizing antibodies against GFRα1 (p=<0.001). Silencing GFRα1 in GDNF-treated MCF7 cells led to reduced invasion through collagen I, although this difference was not significant. Lastly, siRNA targeted reduction of GFRα1 in MCF7 cells inhibited GDNF-induced phosphorylation of RET. Together the data demonstrate that GFRα1 is important in migration and cell viability as well as RET signaling in breast cancer cells.

Citation Format: Catherine A. Ferrante, Nikki DeAngelis, Raluca Verona. GFRα1 is required for GDNF-induced viability, migration, and signaling through RET in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4048. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4048
Abstract 4068: Overexpression of anillin in colorectal cancer promotes the cell proliferation, cell mobility and cell invasion
Authors: Chuang Hui Y. , Ou Yu Hsuan
Published: May 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the developed countries, accounting for more than 50,000 cancer deaths per year. We used microarray to analyze gene expression in patients with different stages of colorectal cancer. Among the 157 metastasis-related genes, RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to verify 11 genes. The roles of anillin (ANLN), one of 11 metastasis-associated genes, in colorectal cancer are not clear. Therefore, we focused on ANLN in this study. We found that the expression levels of anillin are higher in tumor specimens, even in metastasis tumor grade compared with those of adjacent normal tissues by real-time PCR. In order to understand the roles of anillin in tumorigenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer, we used anillin overexpressed HT29 and shRNA-knockdowned SW480. Our data indicated that anillin overexpressed HT29 showed faster replication kinetics probably due to prolonged G2/M phase. Next, we found that the number and size of colony were increased in anillin over expressed cells in soft agar assay suggesting a role of anillin in tumorgenesis of colorectal cancer. Notably, anillin overexpressed SW480 and HT29 lines demonstrated increased migration and invasion. This increased mobility in anillin overexpressed SW480 and HT29 lines partially correlated with reduced E-cadherin levels. By confocal analysis of philloidin stained cells, we also found increased F-actin bundles accumulation in anillin overexpressed HT29 cells. We hypothesize that anillin may promote partial EMT and cell migration through induced cytoskeleton remodeling. Taken together, we suggest that anillin is involved in enhancement of proliferation, mobility, invasion of colorectal cancer cell lines, which may lead to enhanced tumorgenesis and metastasis potential.

Citation Format: Hui Yu Chuang, Yu Hsuan Ou. Overexpression of anillin in colorectal cancer promotes the cell proliferation, cell mobility and cell invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4068. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4068
Tumoricidal Effects of Macrophage-Activating Immunotherapy in a Murine Model of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jensen Jeffrey Lee , Rakhmilevich Alexander , Heninger Erika , Broman Aimee Teo , Hope Chelsea , Phan Funita , Miyamoto Shigeki , Maroulakou Ioanna , Callander Natalie , Hematti Peiman , Chesi Marta , Bergsagel P. Leif , Sondel Paul , Asimakopoulos Fotis
Published: May 2015

Myeloma remains a virtually incurable malignancy. The inevitable evolution of multidrug-resistant clones and widespread clonal heterogeneity limit the potential of traditional and novel therapies to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD), a reliable harbinger of relapse. Here, we show potent anti-myeloma activity of macrophage-activating immunotherapy (αCD40+CpG) that resulted in prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in an immunocompetent, preclinically validated, transplant-based model of multidrug-resistant, relapsed/refractory myeloma (t-Vκ*MYC). αCD40+CpG was effective in vivo in the absence of cytolytic natural killer, T, or B cells and resulted in expansion of M1-polarized (cytolytic/tumoricidal) macrophages in the bone marrow. Moreover, we show that concurrent loss/inhibition of Tpl2 kinase (Cot, Map3k8), a MAP3K that is recruited to activated CD40 complex and regulates macrophage activation/cytokine production, potentiated direct, ex vivo anti-myeloma tumoricidal activity of αCD40+CpG–activated macrophages, promoted production of antitumor cytokine IL12 in vitro and in vivo, and synergized with αCD40+CpG to further prolong PFS and OS in vivo. Our results support the combination of αCD40-based macrophage activation and TPL2 inhibition for myeloma immunotherapy. We propose that αCD40-mediated activation of innate antitumor immunity may be a promising approach to control/eradicate MRD following cytoreduction with traditional or novel anti-myeloma therapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(8); 881–90. ©2015 AACR.
Radiological Features in Patients with Short Stature Homeobox-Containing (SHOX) Gene Deficiency and Turner Syndrome before and after 2 Years of GH Treatment
Authors: Child Christopher J. , Kalifa Gabriel , Jones Christine , Ross Judith L. , Rappold Gudrun A. , Quigley Charmian A. , Zimmermann Alan G. , Garding Gina , Cutler Jr. Gordon B. , Blum Werner F.
Published: May 2015

Background/Aims: The short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene is one of many genes that regulate longitudinal growth. The SHOX deficiency (SHOX-D) phenotype, caused by intragenic or regulatory region defects, ranges from normal stature to mesomelic skeletal dysplasia. We investigated differences in radiological anomalies between patients with SHOX-D and Turner syndrome (TS) and the effect of 2 years of growth hormone (GH) treatment on these anomalies. Methods: Left hand/wrist, forearm and lower leg radiographs were assessed at baseline and after 2 years in children with genetically confirmed SHOX-D (GH-treated and untreated groups) and TS (GH-treated) in a randomised, controlled, multinational study. Results: Radiological anomalies of hand, wrist and forearm were common in SHOX-D and TS. Radial bowing appeared more prevalent in SHOX-D, while lower leg anomalies were more common in TS. There were no significant differences in radiological findings between GH-treated and untreated patients with SHOX-D after 2 years. Conclusion: GH treatment had no systematic effect on skeletal findings in SHOX-D, based on limited radiological differences between the GH-treated and untreated groups at 2 years. Bone age radiographs allow assessment of radiological signs indicating a potential diagnosis of SHOX-D and may lead to earlier genetic confirmation and initiation of GH therapy.
Clínica da prevenção: o olhar sobre o corpo do bebê
Authors: Jacintho Ana Lunardelli
Published: May 2015

Neste artigo abordamos a questão do olhar sobre o corpo do bebê como perspectiva para refletir sobre a noção de prevenção. A partir de nossa prática em um espaço de acolhimento, defendemos a hipótese de que o olhar do acolhedor pode servir de suporte ao olhar sustentado pela mãe sobre o corpo de seu bebê. Concluímos que a clínica da prevenção opera no sentido de acompanhar a constituição psíquica do sujeito, na qual se inscreve a construção do corpo erógeno e em que o olhar materno assume um papel fundamental.
A criança na contemporaneidade: entre saber e gozo
Authors: Rosa Miriam Debieux , Lacet Cristine
Published: May 2015

A psicanálise contribuiu para que as crianças deixassem de ser tomadas como ingênuas e docilmente educáveis quando lhes atribuiu um saber, as teorias sexuais. Assim demonstrou a possibilidade de elas formularem os modos como se procedem as relações afetivas, sexuais e de poder entre as pessoas das quais depende. Na atualidade, a suposição de saber às crianças toma outras conotações quanto ao lugar político-libidinal a elas reservado e abre a dimensão do gozo sem limites em seu trato no que concerne aos abusos e às explorações. Discutiremos acerca do lugar atribuído à criança na família, na mídia e na ciência.
Psicanálise, educação e cinema: diálogos possíveis
Authors: Gurski Roselene , Vasquez Carla , Moschen Simone
Published: May 2015

Este artigo discute as possibilidades colocadas na articulação do tripé psicanálise, educação e cinema. Em meio ao propalado empobrecimento da dimensão da experiência na cultura, o artigo problematiza em que medida a potência polissêmica do cinema poderia ser aproveitada como ferramenta de transmissão do legado da cultura aos sujeitos ainda apartados do acesso aos bens culturais. A partir da articulação da psicanálise com o tema da experiência em Benjamin, o cinema na escola é proposto como um dispositivo de articulação de uma Outra cena, passível de produzir outros e novos sentidos para a educação especial.
O adolescente e a inconsistência do outro: discussão sobre a direção de tratamento a partir de caso clínico
Authors: Stenzel Mirela , Darriba Vinicius Anciães
Published: May 2015

Discute-se um caso clínico priori.zando algo que se manifesta em adolescentes como um mau com.portamento e que a psiquiatria denomina transtorno de conduta. Mas que aqui dirá respeito a uma ação impulsiva, irrefreável, disruptiva, que se aproxima do acting out e da passagem ao ato, descritos por Lacan em 1962-1963 no Seminário 10: a angústia. Com essa discussão, será possível afirmar que essas ações são respostas diante da inconsistência do Outro e propor uma direção de tratamento para esses casos.
Tratamento grupal psicopedagógico e as cenas temidas na aprendizagem de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Sordi Regina Orgler , Marques Fernanda Martins , Sulzbach Sandra Laura Frischenbruder , Pires Renata Borba , Kessler Carlos Henrique
Published: May 2015

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo o estudo das cenas temidas na aprendizagem no atendimento grupal psicopedagógico de crianças e adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos. A partir da identificação das "cenas temidas" no grupo, foi possível refletir sobre os obstáculos que os participantes encontraram. Coube à equipe estruturar atividades lúdicas que provocassem a confrontação do participante com ele mesmo e em relação ao outro, fazendo-o refletir sobre suas dificuldades, e provocando-os a assumirem suas capacidades criativas. Relatamos algumas cenas e de que forma foram pensadas pela equipe. Percebeu-se a importância da intervenção psicopedagógica grupal sobre as manifestações de ocultamento do sujeito criador/autor, que foram as que mais caracterizaram os modos como os participantes se relacionavam com o objeto de conhecimento.
Kant: Esclarecimento e Educação Moral
Authors: Menezes Edmilson
Published: May 2015

O artigo procura avaliar o nexo entre Esclarecimento e educação moral em Kant a partir do seguinte pressuposto: é impossível pensar um homem esclarecido que não seja educado, também é difícil pensar alguém educado que não busque esclarecer-se, isto é, exercer livremente sua capacidade de pensar consequentemente. O círculo formado garante uma continuidade que aprimora, incessantemente, o ideal moral de humanidade.
Crença, razão e entendimento segundo o realismo de F. H. Jacobi
Authors: Leite Thiago Magalhães
Published: May 2015

F. H. Jacobi permanece uma figura controversa na história da filosofia. Mesmo substancialmente presente nos debates que seguiram à publicação da Crítica da Razão Pura, sendo um dos mais radicais críticos da Crítica, Jacobi segue como uma figura de fundo, como se o seu ponto de vista não viesse de um corpo filosófico próprio. Entretanto, um olhar atento a suas obras mostra o contrário. Razão e entendimento, lógica e os fundamentos da ciência, são reconsiderados sob uma nova luz: a crença é a base de todo conhecimento, e nesse sentido a própria ciência é um saber de “segunda mão”. Gostaríamos aqui de apresentar tais conceitos e mostrar a maneira pela qual eles se voltam contra o idealismo crítico. 
A estrutura básica como objeto da justiça: liberdades básicas e as bases sociais do autorrespeito
Authors: Werle Denílson Luis
Published: May 2015

O artigo parte do pressuposto de que para fazer um diagnóstico das injustiças, vulnerabilidades e carências das pessoas uma teoria crítica da justiça deve tomar como ponto de partida a posição real das pessoas no mundo, seus contextos de socialização e suas relações sociais de interdependência. Para isso, o objeto primário de uma teoria da justiça não deve ser diretamente os indivíduos e suas capacidades, mas sim a estrutura básica da sociedade, formada pelas principais instituições sociais, econômicas e políticas, isto é, os contextos intersubjetivos das relações interpessoais de cooperação social e de socialização que são determinantes na vida concreta das pessoas e principalmente na realização igual de suas liberdades e na formação do sentido interno do que significa ser autônomo.
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) Contributes to the Development of Vascular Inflammation by Regulating Monocytic Cell Motility in Mouse Models of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Liu Zhenjie , Morgan Stephanie , Ren Jun , Wang Qiwei , Annis Douglas S. , Mosher Deane F. , Zhang Jing , Sorenson Christine M. , Sheibani Nader , Liu Bo
Published: May 2015

Rationale:

Histological examination of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissues demonstrates extracellular matrix destruction and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Previous work with mouse models of AAA has shown that anti-inflammatory strategies can effectively attenuate aneurysm formation. Thrombospondin-1 is a matricellular protein involved in the maintenance of vascular structure and homeostasis through the regulation of biological functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Expression levels of thrombospondin-1 correlate with vascular disease conditions.

Objective:

To use thrombospondin-1–deficient (
Thbs1
−/−
) mice to test the hypothesis that thrombospondin-1 contributes to pathogenesis of AAAs.

Methods and Results:

Mouse experimental AAA was induced through perivascular treatment with calcium phosphate, intraluminal perfusion with porcine elastase, or systemic administration of angiotensin II. Induction of AAA increased thrombospondin-1 expression in aortas of C57BL/6 or
apoE−/−
mice. Compared with
Thbs1
+/+
mice,
Thbs1
−/−
mice developed significantly smaller aortic expansion when subjected to AAA inductions, which was associated with diminished infiltration of macrophages.
Thbs1
−/−
monocytic cells had reduced adhesion and migratory capacity in vitro compared with wild-type counterparts. Adoptive transfer of
Thbs1
+/+
monocytic cells or bone marrow reconstitution rescued aneurysm development in
Thbs1
−/−
mice.

Conclusions:

Thrombospondin-1 expression plays a significant role in regulation of migration and adhesion of mononuclear cells, contributing to vascular inflammation during AAA development.
Return to Work in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors
Authors: Kragholm Kristian , Wissenberg Mads , Mortensen Rikke Normark , Fonager Kirsten , Jensen Svend Eggert , Rajan Shahzleen , Lippert Freddy Knudsen , Christensen Erika Frischknecht , Hansen Poul Anders , Lang-Jensen Torsten , Hendriksen Ole Mazur , Kober Lars , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Rasmussen Bodil Steen
Published: May 2015

Background—

Data on long-term function of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors are sparse. We examined return to work as a proxy of preserved function without major neurologic deficits in survivors.

Methods and Results—

In Denmark, out-of-hospital cardiac arrests have been systematically reported to the Danish Cardiac Arrest Register since 2001. During 2001–2011, we identified 4354 patients employed before arrest among 12 332 working-age patients (18–65 years), of whom 796 survived to day 30. Among 796 survivors (median age, 53 years [quartile 1–3, 46–59 years]; 81.5% men), 610 (76.6%) returned to work in a median time of 4 months [quartile 1–3, 1–19 months], with a median time of 3 years spent back at work. A total of 74.6% (N=455) remained employed without using sick leave during the first 6 months after returning to work. This latter proportion of survivors returning to work increased over time (66.1% in 2001–2005 versus 78.1% in 2006–2011;
P
=0.002). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, factors associated with return to work with ≥6 months of sustainable employment were as follows: (1) arrest during 2006–2011 versus 2001–2005, hazard ratio (HR), 1.38 (95% CI, 1.05–1.82); (2) male sex, HR, 1.48 (95% CI, 1.06–2.07); (3) age of 18 to 49 versus 50 to 65 years, HR, 1.32 (95% CI, 1.02–1.68); (4) bystander-witnessed arrest, HR, 1.79 (95% CI, 1.17–2.76); and (5) bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, HR, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.02–1.87).

Conclusions—

Of 30-day survivors employed before arrest, 76.6% returned to work. The percentage of survivors returning to work increased significantly, along with improved survival during 2001–2011, suggesting an increase in the proportion of survivors with preserved function over time.
Morphological characterization of some representative species of the genus Loxoblemmus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae; Gryllini) from India
Authors: MAL JHABAR , NAGAR RAJENDRA , SWAMINATHAN R.
Published: May 2015

Morphological characterization of some common species of the genus Loxoblemmus (Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from India is presented. In all, 5 species were identified that included two, Loxoblemmus equestris Saussure and Loxoblemmus haani Saussure, from the sub-humid regions of Rajasthan (South West India) and Madhya Pradesh (Central India); while three species, Loxoblemmus taicoun Saussure, Loxoblemmus jacobsoni Chopard and Loxoblemmus intermedius Chopard from the humid hilly regions of Meghalaya and Assam (North East India). Of the 5 reported species, based on the comparative linear measurements, L. haani is relatively larger than the other species encountered.
Thiasophila szujeckii sp. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)—a cryptic species associated with Formica truncorum in Poland
Authors: ZAGAJA MIROSŁAW , STANIEC BERNARD
Published: May 2015

The article describes a new rove beetle species, Thiasophila szujeckii sp. n., in southeastern Poland. This new species is associated exclusively with Formica truncorum. The authors describe its sexual dimorphism of habitus, structure of antennae, eighth abdominal tergite and eighth sternite. T. szujeckii sp. n. shares most morphological features with T. angulata and T. lohsei known in Europe. Characters of adults which differentiate the new species from the above-mentioned ones include body size, coloration, structure of ligula, aedeagus, parameres and spermatheca. In order to confirm morphological distinctivness of T. angulata and T. szujeckii, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene (COII) partial sequences of both taxa was analyzed.
Effect of Turbulence Parameterization on Assessment of Cloud Organization
Authors: Machado Luiz A. T. , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2015

This study evaluates the cloud and rain cell organization in space and time as forecasted by a cloud-resolving model. The forecast fields, mainly describing mesoscale convective complexes and cold fronts, were utilized to generate synthetic satellite and radar images for comparison with Meteosat Second Generation and S-band radar observations. The comparison was made using a tracking technique that computed the size and lifetime of cloud and rain distributions and provided histograms of radiative quantities and cloud-top height. The tracking technique was innovatively applied to test the sensitivity of forecasts to the turbulence parameterization. The simulations with 1D turbulence produced too many small cloud systems and rain cells with a shorter lifetime than observed. The 3D turbulence simulations yielded size and lifetime distributions more consistent with the observations. As shown for a case study, 3D turbulence yielded longer mixing length, larger entrainment, and stronger turbulence kinetic energy inside clouds than 1D turbulence. The simulation with 3D turbulence had the best scores in high clouds. These features suggest that 1D turbulence did not produce enough entrainment, allowing the formation of more small cloud and rain cells than observed. Further tests were performed on the sensitivity to the mixing length with 3D turbulence. Cloud organization was very sensitive to in-cloud mixing length and the use of a very small value increased the number of small cells, much more than the simulations with 1D turbulence. With a larger in-cloud mixing length, the total number of cells, mainly the small ones, was strongly reduced.
The Protective Effect of an Import Quota
Authors: Todorova Tamara , Kalchev Georgi
Published: May 2015

We argue that at the level of the national economy, an import quota transforms national welfare in the form of government revenues and consumer surplus into producer surplus to the domestic monopolist protected by the quota. An import quota confers substantial market power to the local monopolist and is likely the result of rent seeking and lobbying in the importing economy, rather than national interest and strategic trade policies. Firms with greater market power, bigger and more inelastic domestic demand losing significant rents would be more likely to solicit import quotas to tariffs or free trade. An import quota causes substantive welfare losses to the importing economy imposing it. We demonstrate graphically that under the equivalence of a quota and a tariff, quota rents substantially exceed tariff revenue to the government. Using a simple geometrical approach and a linear market demand curve, we show that the quota price and output provide maximum profits to the domestic monopolist compared to the free trade point or that under the tariff.
Benefits to their communities from small town professional football clubs
Authors: Barlow Andy , Forrest David
Published: May 2015

Many small town professional clubs operate on the border of viability and threats to their survival are often real. But their activities may generate benefits that they are unable to capture in ticket sales; for example they provide a focus of interest even for some residents who do not attend the stadium. The paper presents results from applying contingent valuation methodology in two towns with clubs in the bottom-tier of English professional football. Collective willingness-to-pay for the survival of the clubs through taxation proved to be significant relative to the revenues the clubs were able to generate through ticket sales. There appears therefore to be a case for local governments to consider intervention in some circumstances where a club's survival is in question.
Born in the USA: national origin effects on time allocation in US and Spanish professional basketball
Authors: Berri David J. , Deutscher Christian , Galletti Arturo
Published: May 2015

This paper examines national origin bias in professional basketball in both the North American National Basketball Association (NBA) and Spanish professional league (Liga ACB). Past studies into racial bias find mixed results. In contrast, our study provides consistent evidence that players born in the USA receive preferential treatment in both the USA and Spain in terms of receiving additional time on the court.
Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure Following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Chen Yimin , Kintner Jennifer , Rifkin Sam K. , Keim Kathryn S. , Tangney Christy C.
Published: May 2015

Background:There is no consensus whether resting energy expenditure (REE) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is altered. Methods: The objectives of this investigation were to describe changes in measured REE (mREE) using indirect calorimetry in 25 OLT patients on days 5, 10, and 15 after baseline (within 72 hours following OLT) and compare mREE changes with those calculated with 2 predicted equations for energy expenditure (pREE): the Harris‐Benedict and Schofield equations. Results: Patients were 57 ± 5.4 years of age, 44% were male, 36% were black, and 72% had liver disease of viral etiology. Measured REE (at baseline and days 5, 10, and 15, per kcal/d: 1832 ± 952, 1565 ± 383, 1538 ± 345, 1578 ± 418) and kcal per kilogram of body weight (22.7 ± 12.8, 18.4 ± 4, 18.7 ± 3.8, 21 ± 6.5) did not change over time. In contrast, changes in pREE based on either the Harris‐Benedict (P < .001) or Schofield (P = .006) equation using measured weights at each corresponding time point and lowest body weight during the study to estimate dry weight were significant. Conclusions: Wide ranges in both mREE and mREE expressed per kilogram of body weight at each study time point were observed in contrast to pREE, which declined by day 15. The observed differences in mREE over time suggest indirect calorimetry is indicated if available following OLT. Additional research is warranted to determine the most appropriate predictive equation with suitable stress factors to use when indirect calorimetry is not available.
‘Party and Play’: Online hook-up devices and the emergence of PNP practices among gay men
Authors: Race Kane
Published: May 2015

This article situates online hook-up devices as an emergent infrastructure of the sexual encounter that has become popular among homosexually attracted men in urban centres. A focus on intimate infrastructures does two things. It draws attention to the material technologies, objects and environments that facilitate erotic encounters, casting these devices as active elements in the shaping of sexual practices. And it references how the different kinds of erotic attachments that people come to find necessary for their lives may be ignored if not actively degraded by hegemonic ‘institutions of intimacy’ without critical intervention ( Berlant and Warner, 1998 ). Where institutions allocate resources and establish hierarchies of authority, infrastructures produce capacities and shape encounters in ways that become more or less durable and hardwired into the routines of everyday life. The article traces some of the new genres of sexual interaction afforded by online devices, with a focus on the significance of the concept of ‘play’ among participants. Such a focus enables an understanding of relations between sex and sociability that are being elaborated with these media, and it generates an approach to HIV prevention that promotes acknowledgement of how drug practices and other objects and devices participate in the construction of sexual encounters: their pleasures, qualities, risks and potentialities.
Relationship of resting heart rate and physical activity with insulin sensitivity in a population-based survey
Authors: Grandinetti Andrew , Liu David MKI , Kaholokula Joseph Keawe‘aimoku
Published: May 2015

Background

Resting heart rate (RHR) has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality, contributing to atherosclerosis, the progression of heart failure, and myocardial ischemia and infarction. This study examines the association RHR and physical activity has with insulin resistance and insulin secretion in a multiethnic cohort from North Kohala, Hawai‘i.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from 1,440 participants of Native Hawaiian, Japanese, Filipino, Caucasian, and mixed ethnic ancestries were analyzed for the study to include anthropometric measurements, and biochemical markers. Body fat was estimated by calculating body mass indices (BMI); body fat distribution by waist-hip ratios (WHR); and fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were used to calculate insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model (HOMA-IR). First phase insulin response was estimated using the insulin secretion ratio (ISR). Associations were estimated using general linear models (GLM).

Results

Caucasians had lower mean RHR than all other ethnic groups; there were no statistically significant differences between other ethnic groups on mean RHR. HOMA-IR was associated with ethnic group, BMI and WHR, PA and RHR, while ISR was associated with age, ethnic group and BMI, but none of the primary risk factors. Both RHR and physical activity level remained significant for insulin resistance.

Conclusions

In a multiethnic cohort from a rural community in Hawai‘i, increased RHR and a lower level of physical activity were both independently associated with increased risk for the development of insulin resistance, suggesting cardiovascular fitness may be as important as physical activity in preventing insulin resistance.
A calculator for Roche lobe properties
Authors: Leahy Denis A , Leahy Janet C
Published: May 2015

Background

The Roche lobe geometry is important to understand and study the properties of the mass-losing component in a semi-detached binary system. However it is not easy to calculate accurately, and existing tables usually do not include the parameters of the binary system under study, nor do they allow for non-synchronous rotation.

Results

A calculator for properties of the Roche lobe is presented in two formats. An easy-to-use Java version has a graphic interface, and a Fortran 90 version has a command line interface. The Fortran version allows for easy modifications by the user. Both versions have two basic output options: one provides values of a set of various quantities (such as the Lagrange points along the binary axis, and area and volume of the Roche lobe); the second provides $R(\theta,\phi)$
R
(
θ
,
ϕ
)
, the distance from the stellar center to the stellar surface for any specified polar angle. A single set of input parameters can be entered directly or a large set of input parameters can be specified in a text file. The calculator includes the options to have non-synchronous rotation of the star, or to have the star underfill its Roche lobe. It can be used to calculate Roche lobe properties for the case of elliptical orbits, with some restrictions.

Conclusions

We present a convenient software tool for quickly and accurately calculating Roche lobe properties for mass ratio in the range 0.01 to 100, for Roche lobe fill-out factor in the range 0.1 to 1.0, and for dimensionless rotation rate of the star in the range 0.1 to 2.0. This will allow anyone working with a binary star system to obtain the Roche lobe or stellar surface geometry for their system.
Next-Generation Sequencing Panels for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer and Polyposis Syndromes: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Gallego Carlos J. , Shirts Brian H. , Bennette Caroline S. , Guzauskas Greg , Amendola Laura M. , Horike-Pyne Martha , Hisama Fuki M. , Pritchard Colin C. , Grady William M. , Burke Wylie , Jarvik Gail P. , Veenstra David L.
Published: May 2015

Purpose

To evaluate the cost effectiveness of next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyposis (CRCP) syndromes in patients referred to cancer genetics clinics.

Patients and Methods

We developed a decision model to evaluate NGS panel testing compared with current standard of care in patients referred to a cancer genetics clinic. We obtained data on the prevalence of genetic variants from a large academic laboratory and calculated the costs and health benefits of identifying relatives with a pathogenic variant, in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). We classified the CRCP syndromes according to their type of inheritance and penetrance of colorectal cancer. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess uncertainty.

Results

Evaluation with an NGS panel that included Lynch syndrome genes and other genes associated with highly penetrant CRCP syndromes led to an average increase of 0.151 year of life, 0.128 QALY, and $4,650 per patient, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $36,500 per QALY compared with standard care and a 99% probability that this panel was cost effective at a threshold of $100,000 per QALY. When compared with this panel, the addition of genes with low colorectal cancer penetrance resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $77,300 per QALY.

Conclusion

The use of an NGS panel that includes genes associated with highly penetrant CRCP syndromes in addition to Lynch syndrome genes as a first-line test is likely to provide meaningful clinical benefits in a cost-effective manner at a $100,000 per QALY threshold.