bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars with different cure ratios
Authors: Nazair Claude , Benmokrane Brahim , Loranger Marc-Antoine , Robert Mathieu , Manalo Allan
Published: May 2018

Cure ratio is a key property for the acceptance and use of glass fiber reinforced polymer bars in civil engineering infrastructure. Yet, there have been no reported studies investigating the effect of cure ratio on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymer bars. This paper presents an interlaboratory test program involving four laboratories to evaluate the cure ratio and glass transition temperature of glass fiber reinforced polymer bars from different production lots. The effect of cure ratio on the physical, mechanical, and microstructure of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars was also evaluated. The results of this study show that the cure ratio significantly affected the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars tested. The results also show that interlaminar shear strength of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars was affected by the cure ratio but not the physical and tensile properties, microstructure, or chemical composition. The fully cured glass fiber reinforced polymer bars had interlaminar shear strength up to 8% higher than the partially cured bars. Nonetheless, the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars with a cure ratio of only 96% still had properties well above the minimum prescribed physical and mechanical properties for the reinforcing materials in concrete structures.
Msx2 Marks Spatially Restricted Populations of Mesenchymal Precursors
Authors: Sakagami N. , Matsushita Y. , Syklawer-Howle S. , Kronenberg H.M. , Ono W. , Ono N.
Published: May 2018

Craniofacial development requires a set of patterning codes that define the identities of postmigratory mesenchymal cells in a region-specific manner, in which locally expressed morphogens, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), provide instructive cues. Msx2, a bona fide target of BMP signaling, is a transcription factor regulating Runx2 and osterix (Osx), whose mutations are associated with cranial deformities in humans. Here we show that Msx2 defines osteo-chondro precursor cells in specific regions of the craniofacial mesenchyme at the postmigratory stage, particularly in the mandibular process and the posterior cranial vault. Analysis of Msx2-creER mice revealed that early mesenchymal cells in proximity to the BMP4-expressing mesenchyme were marked upon tamoxifen injection, and their descendants contributed to diverse types of mesenchymal cells in the later stage, such as chondrocytes and perichondrial cells of the transient cartilage, as well as osteoblasts and suture mesenchymal cells. By contrast, Osx-creER marked osteoblast precursors at the later stage, and their descendants continued to become osteoblasts well into the postnatal stage. Therefore, Msx2 marks spatially restricted populations of mesenchymal precursor cells with diverse differentiation potential, suggesting that extrinsic molecular cues can dictate the nature of postmigratory mesenchymal cells in craniofacial development.
Latent Classes of Substance Use Among American Indian and White Students Living on or Near Reservations, 2009-2013
Authors: Stanley Linda R. , Swaim Randall C.
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

American Indian adolescents who reside on or near reservations report higher levels of substance use than adolescents in other racial/ethnic groups. Little research has addressed patterns of use, which have important implications for prevention and treatment planning. The objective of our study was to describe substance use among a large, population-based sample of American Indian and white students who lived on or near reservations.

Methods:

We obtained data from 4964 students in grades 7-12 attending 46 schools on or near reservations throughout the United States during 4 academic years (2009-2013). Measures assessed current substance use for alcohol, heavy drinking, marijuana, cigarettes, inhalants, and other drugs. We used latent class analysis to identify patterns of substance use by grade group (grades 7-8 and grades 9-12) and race (American Indian or white).

Results:

For American Indians in both grade groups, we found 4 classes of substance use (in order of size): (1) nonusers; (2) marijuana and cigarette users; (3) alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette users; and (4) polysubstance users. For white students, we found 2 classes (nonusers and polysubstance users) among younger students and 4 classes (nonusers; alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette users; alcohol and cigarette users; and polysubstance users) among older students.

Conclusion:

We found significant differences in substance use patterns, especially at younger ages, between reservation American Indian students and white students attending the same schools. Combinations of substances used by American Indian adolescents were most likely to include marijuana, as compared with alcohol for white adolescents. Identifying subpopulations of users allows the design of interventions that will more efficiently and effectively address prevention and treatment needs of groups of individuals than would a one-size-fits-all approach.
The mechanism of hairiness reduction in offset ring spinning with a diagonal yarn path
Authors: Singh Charanpreet , Gordon Stuart , Wang Xungai
Published: May 2018

Reducing yarn hairiness on a ring spinning machine generally involves an investment and ongoing process cost. Although conceptually successful, the cost factor associated with existing technologies has led to exploration for new ways of reducing hairiness. Offset spinning is an outcome of one such novel initiative in which the spinning triangle geometry is altered by diagonally offsetting the yarn path during spinning. This technique has been reported to reduce hairiness but a consensus on a specific direction of offset (left or right) remains pending as its underlying mechanism is still not completely understood. In this study, we developed an experimental setup to image a spinning triangle geometry in detail and observed the effect of offsetting its shape on fiber path. It was found that the direction of offset (left or right) in combination with a specific twist direction (S or Z) can result in a complete change of yarn twist configuration (Archimedean or Fermat's spiral), which ultimately controls hair generation tendency during spinning. On the basis of agreement between imaging observations and hairiness parameter results obtained from yarns spun with different offset conditions, a mechanism of hairiness reduction and preferred direction of offset is proposed.
Property in a time of transition: An examination of perceptions, navigations and constructions of property relations among unlawful occupiers in Johannesburg’s inner city
Authors: Dugard Jackie , Ngwenya Makale
Published: May 2018

One of the most enduring legacies of apartheid is the racialised in-access to property for the (black) majority of South Africans. The large unmet demand for accessible and affordable residential property close to work opportunities has resulted in widespread unlawful occupation of inner city buildings, which in the post-apartheid legal order has been shielded by a constitutional prohibition against arbitrary and unjust eviction. Yet, notwithstanding significant protection against eviction, in what remains a largely private property-dominated paradigm, unlawful occupation is an inherently disruptive act that pits ownership against the use/occupation of the same piece of property. Seeking to better understand the under-scrutinised social reality of such unlawful occupation of privately-owned property, we undertook qualitative research to examine how unlawful occupiers view, traverse and (re)define property-related arrangements. Coming from legal and built environment backgrounds respectively, we were particularly interested to understand the extent to which the legal limbo of unlawful occupation has given rise to a rejection of the hegemony of private property ownership and the construction of an alternative urban property rights consciousness among unlawful occupiers. Our research indicates that, although residents in Johannesburg’s inner city have found ways to deal with their state of unlawful occupation, the occupied spaces currently more accurately reflect a survivalist struggle in a mainstream property ownership-dominated reality than the assertion of a new urban property regime, with occupiers yearning for greater, rather than less, formality and legal authority.
Gun Exposure Among Black American Youth Residing in Low-Income Urban Environments
Authors: Quimby Dakari , Dusing Catherine Rice , Deane Kyle , DiClemente Cara M. , Morency Mirinda M. , Miller Kevin M. , Thomas Andre , Richards Maryse
Published: May 2018

Objective: The current study examined the extent of gun exposure, referring to the mere presence of guns in youth’s lives, in a sample of Black American adolescents residing in low-income urban neighborhoods. The relationship of gun exposure to internalizing and externalizing outcomes was also explored. Method: Data were collected from a sample of 185 Black American eighth-grade students ( M = 13.58 years old, 59% female). Results: Just under half of the youth reported some type of gun exposure with youth most often exposed to guns outside of the home. Overall gun exposure was related to externalizing but not internalizing symptoms, while knowing someone who owns a gun was related to both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. However, the majority of youth reported exposure to guns in a safe manner (stored locked and unloaded). Conclusions: In addition to gun violence and gun carrying, general gun exposure is a factor that should be accounted for when attempting to address consequences associated with guns.
Strong or Weak Synergy? Revising the Assumption of Team-Related Advantages in Integrative Negotiations
Authors: Hüffmeier Joachim , Zerres Alfred , Freund Philipp Alexander , Backhaus Klaus , Trötschel Roman , Hertel Guido
Published: May 2018

When negotiations are complex and consequential, organizations usually send teams rather than individuals to the negotiation table because teams are expected to provide additional beneficial negotiation processes and, thus, generate superior outcomes. Similarly, theoretical accounts of integrative negotiations assume higher outcomes for teams than for individual negotiators as a consequence of team-related advantages (e.g., increased information processing and problem-solving capabilities). In this study, we challenge this established assumption and across three negotiations and various empirical tests, we show that the advantages of teams are merely the result of individual-level processes (i.e., one person asking interest-related questions). Moreover, Bayesian estimation supported our claim and rejected the extant account: The probability of the teams achieving better outcomes than the best individuals in commensurate nominal groups (i.e., strong synergy) was up to four times smaller than the probability of the teams not achieving better results than the best individuals in commensurate nominal groups. Finally, in the majority of our analyses, individual negotiators generated better relationship outcomes than teams even though the economic outcomes were comparable. On the basis of these results, we revise the assumption of team-related advantages in integrative negotiations. We discuss the implications of our results for future negotiation research and for the practical assignment of teams or individuals to negotiations.
Testing a Social Schematic Model of Police Procedural Justice
Authors: Pickett Justin T. , Nix Justin , Roche Sean Patrick
Published: May 2018

Procedural justice theory increasingly guides policing reforms in the United States and abroad. Yet the primary sources of perceived police procedural justice are still unclear. Building on social schema research, we posit civilians’ perceptions of police procedural justice only partly reflect their personal and vicarious experiences with officers. We theorize perceptions of the police are anchored in a broader “relational justice schema,” composed of views about how respectful, fair, and unbiased most people are in their dealings with others. Individuals’ experiences with certain nonlegal actors and neighborhood environments should directly affect their relational justice schema and indirectly affect their evaluation of police. Nevertheless, experiences with police, especially mistreatment by officers, should also affect perceived police procedural justice and may moderate the effects of relational justice schema endorsement. We test our hypotheses in two studies with national samples. The findings strongly support a social schematic model of perceived police procedural justice.
Sequential robotic-assisted lung resection with a subxiphoid utility incision
Authors: Slight Robert D , Koulaxouzidis Georgios , Stamenkovic Sasha
Published: May 2018

For the past two years, the authors have used a subxiphoid utility incision for robot-assisted lobectomies. This approach prevents unnecessary rib pressure, offers a good angle of approach to the hilum, and allows specimen retrieval with minimal resistance. Robot-assisted lung resection is an established technique that facilitates postoperative recovery by minimizing operative trauma and postoperative pain. We believe the subxiphoid utility incision further enhances recovery and facilitates early repeat surgery. We present two cases of staged sequential robot-assisted anatomical lung resection using the same subxiphoid utility incision on each occasion.
Dietary habits and physical activity: Results from cluster analysis and market basket analysis
Authors: Liew Hui-Peng
Published: May 2018

Background:

The prevalence of obesity remains a major public health concern and there has been a significant increase in childhood obesity in the USA.

Aim:

This study seeks to uncover the major patterns of dietary habits in relation to physical activity, together with students’ opinions about the quality of food in the school’s cafeteria and vending machines.

Methods:

The empirical work of this study is based on the 2011 Healthy School Program (HSP) Evaluation. HSP assesses the demographic characteristics as well as the dietary habits and exercise patterns of a representative sample of elementary, middle, and high school students in the USA.

Results:

Findings suggest that students assigned to different clusters have different eating habits, exercise patterns, weight status, weight management, and opinions about the quality of food in the school’s cafeteria and vending machines. There is great variation in dietary profiles and lifestyle behaviors among students who identified themselves as either overweight or unsure about their weight status.

Conclusions:

Findings from this study may inform future interventions regarding how to promote student’s healthy food choices when they are still in school. Health promotion initiatives should specifically target students with persistently unhealthier dietary profiles.
Can unenhanced MRI of the breast replace contrast-enhanced MRI in assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: Cavallo Marincola Beatrice , Telesca Marianna , Zaccagna Fulvio , Riemer Frank , Anzidei Michele , Catalano Carlo , Pediconi Federica
Published: May 2018

Background

The goals of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are to reduce tumor volume and to offer a prognostic indicator in assessing treatment response. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is an established method for evaluating response to NAC in patients with breast cancer.

Purpose

To validate the role of unenhanced MRI (ue-MRI) compared to CE-MRI for assessing response to NAC in women with breast cancer.

Material and Methods

Seventy-one patients with ongoing NAC for breast cancer underwent MRI before, during, and at the end of NAC. Ue-MRI was performed with T2-weighted sequences with iterative decomposition of water and fat and diffusion-weighted sequences. CE-MRI was performed using three-dimensional T1-weighted sequences before and after administration of gadobenate dimeglumine. Two blinded observers rated ue-MRI and CE-MRI for the evaluation of tumor response. Statistical analysis was performed to compare lesion size and ADC values changes during therapy, as well as inter-observer agreement.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between ue-MRI and CE-MRI sequences for evaluation of lesion size at baseline and after every cycle of treatment ( P > 0.05). The mean tumor ADC values at baseline and across the cycles of NAC were significantly different for the responder group.

Conclusion

Ue-MRI can achieve similar results to CE-MRI for the assessment of tumor response to NAC. ADC values can differentiate responders from non-responders.
Benign and malignant skull-involved lesions: discriminative value of conventional CT and MRI combined with diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Tu Zhanhai , Xiao Zebin , Zheng Yingyan , Huang Hongjie , Yang Libin , Cao Dairong
Published: May 2018

Background

Little is known about the value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing malignant from benign skull-involved lesions.

Purpose

To evaluate the discriminative value of DWI combined with conventional CT and MRI for differentiating between benign and malignant skull-involved lesions.

Material and Methods

CT and MRI findings of 58 patients with pathologically proven skull-involved lesions (43 benign and 15 malignant) were retrospectively reviewed. Conventional CT and MRI characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the differential performance of each parameter separately and together.

Results

The presence of cortical defects or break-through and ill-defined margins were associated with malignant skull-involved lesions (both P < 0.05). Malignant skull-involved lesions demonstrated a significantly lower ADC ( P = 0.016) than benign lesions. ROC curve analyses indicated that a combination of CT, MRI, and DWI with an ADC ≤ 0.703 × 10–3 mm2/s showed optimal sensitivity, while DWI along showed optimal specificity of 88.4% in differentiating between benign and malignant skull-involved lesions.

Conclusion

The combination of CT, MRI, and DWI can help to differentiate malignant from benign skull-involved lesions. CT + MRI + DWI offers optimal sensitivity, while DWI offers optimal specificity.
Challenges and strategies among women and men with Parkinson’s disease: Striving toward joie de vivre in daily life
Authors: Sperens Maria , Hamberg Katarina , Hariz Gun-Marie
Published: May 2018

Introduction

To offer people with Parkinson’s disease optimal occupational therapy, it is important to have a detailed understanding of how they manage everyday life. The aims of this study were to explore how people with Parkinson’s disease manage the effect of the disease on everyday life and to investigate gender similarities and differences concerning this issue.

Method

We interviewed 24 people with Parkinson’s disease (14 men), at a mean of 8 years after diagnosis. The interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory.

Findings

‘Striving to maintain a good everyday life’ was established as a core category. To overcome obstacles caused by the disease, the interviewees struggled with perpetual adaptation to the medication regime and ongoing changes in their abilities. To achieve best possible everyday life, it was essential to keep their own spirit up; for example, by prioritising valued occupations. Women and men contributed to all categories and used the same strategies.

Conclusion

Men and women with Parkinson’s disease used the same strategies to manage daily life challenges. Our findings support the relevance of disease-specific occupational therapy interventions focusing on the individual fit between person, environment and occupation, and highlight the need for joyful occupations to attain a satisfactory daily life.
A survey of local authorities and Home Improvement Agencies: Identifying the hidden costs of providing a home adaptations service
Authors: Curtis Lesley , Beecham Jennifer
Published: May 2018

Introduction

The Royal College of Occupational Therapists has launched a campaign to demonstrate that occupational therapists improve lives and save money for health and social care services. Occupational therapists play a major part in supporting older and disabled people to remain in their own homes through the provision of home adaptations. Among other benefits, studies have shown that home adaptations can reduce falls in the home and could therefore help reduce hospital admissions. However, to evidence savings, information on the full costs of supplying and fitting home adaptations are needed.

Method

Local authorities and Home Improvement Agencies were surveyed in 2014–2015 to obtain the information required to estimate these costs. Time inputs for staff involved in their provision have been collected and staff costs and total costs calculated for 18 commonly fitted adaptations. The process of obtaining publicly funded home adaptations is also discussed.

Findings

For major adaptations, the total mean cost was £16,647, ranging from £2474 to £36,681. Staffing costs absorbed up to 24% of the total mean cost. The total mean cost for minor adaptations was £451, with average staffing costs forming 76%.

Conclusion

Staff costs are an important consideration when estimating the costs of providing home adaptations.
Biomechanical Comparison of Anatomic and Extra-Anatomic Reconstruction Techniques Using Local Grafts for Chronic Instability of the Acromioclavicular Joint
Authors: Le Hanneur Malo , Thoreson Andrew , Delgrande Damien , Lafosse Thibault , Werthel Jean-David , Hardy Philippe , Elhassan Bassem
Published: May 2018

Background:

Anatomic reconstruction techniques are increasingly used to address cases of acromioclavicular (AC) joint chronic instability. These usually involve an additional surgical site for autograft harvesting or an allograft.

Purpose:

To describe a triple-bundle (TB) anatomic reconstruction using on-site autografts, the semiconjoint tendon (SCT) and the coracoacromial ligament (CAL), and compare its primary stability to the native AC joint ligamentous complex and to a modified Weaver-Dunn (WD) reconstruction.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Intact AC joints of 12 paired cadaveric shoulders were tested for anterior, posterior, and superior translations under cyclic loading with a servo-hydraulic testing system. One shoulder from each pair was randomly assigned to the TB group, where 2 SCT strips were used to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligaments while the distal end of the CAL was transferred to the distal extremity of the clavicle to reconstruct the AC ligaments; the other shoulder received a modified WD reconstruction. After reconstruction, the same translational testing was performed, with an additional load-to-failure test in the superior direction.

Results:

In both the TB and the WD groups, no significant differences were found before and after reconstruction in terms of joint displacements after cyclic loading, in all 3 directions. Compared with the WD reconstruction, the TB repair resulted in significantly lower displacements in both the anterior (ie, 2.59 ± 1.08 mm, P = .011) and posterior (ie, 10.17 ± 6.24 mm, P = .014) directions, but not in the superior direction. No significant differences were observed between the 2 reconstructions during the load-to-failure testing, except for the displacement to failure, which was significantly smaller (ie, 5.34 ± 2.97 mm) in the WD group ( P = .037).

Conclusion:

Anterior, posterior, and superior displacements after an anatomic reconstruction of the AC joint complex using the SCT and CAL as graft material were similar to those of native AC joints and significantly smaller in the axial plane than those of AC joints after a WD repair.

Clinical Relevance:

An anatomic reconstruction is achievable using the CAL and the SCT as on-site graft materials, providing satisfactory initial stability and thereby allowing earlier mobilization.
Strangers in the Field
Authors: Weinreb Alexander , Sana Mariano , Stecklov Guy
Published: May 2018

Evaluating a long–term methodological norm – the use of interviewers who have no prior social relationship to respondents – we compare response patterns across levels of interviewer–respondent familiarity. We differentiate three distinct levels of interviewer–respondent familiarity, based on whether the interviewer is directly acquainted with the respondent or their family, acquainted with the research setting, or is a complete outsider. We also identify three mechanisms through which variability in interviewer–respondent familiarity can affect survey responses: the effort a respondent is willing to make; their level of trust in the interviewer; and interview–specific situational factors. Using data from a methodological experiment fielded in the Dominican Republic, we then gauge the effects of each of these on a range of behavioral and attitudinal questions. Empirical results suggest that respondents expend marginally more effort in answering questions posed by insider–interviewers, and that they also lie less to insider–interviewers. Differences in responses to “trust” questions also largely favor insider–interviewers. Overall, therefore, local interviewers, including those whom, in blatant violation of the stranger–interviewer norm, have a prior relationship with the respondent, collect superior data on some items. And on almost no item do they collect data that are measurably worse.
Enquêtrices enquêtées. L’ordre négocié du travail de collecte des enquêtrices de l’Insee
Authors: Maurice Julie
Published: May 2018

Si l’activité de passation de questionnaire à l’origine de la production des données de la statistique publique est en partie déterminée par des procédures et des règles techniques, l’analyse de la relation d’enquête qu’elle implique ne saurait être oubliée. C’est en prenant en compte les enjeux relationnels du travail des enquêtrices de l’Insee que l’on peut mettre au jour les injonctions contradictoires inhérentes à leur activité. Entre les formations aux enquêtes et la réalité du terrain, ces professionnelles de la collecte sont soumises à un ordre social et professionnel négocié que l’Insee et les enquêtés co-produisent avec elles. Le strict respect des consignes de passation (neutralité, respect du déclaratif, etc.) données en formation ne suffit pas à garantir la qualité de la collecte. Derrière le questionnaire, la relation d’enquête constitue d’abord et avant tout une interaction, un rapport social qui nécessite la mobilisation de savoir-faire et de compétences pratiques qui vont au-delà de la rationalisation des protocoles de l’enquête statistique.
MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells attachment to nanostructured zein surfaces
Authors: Cui Hemiao , Qin Ying , Liu Gang L , Padua Graciela W
Published: May 2018

Detection and characterization of tumor cells are important for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Various surface attachment methods have been proposed for the capture and enumeration of cancer cells, including immunoaffinity and nanostructured surfaces. Zein, a corn protein, has shown good biocompatibility with human liver cells (HL-7702) and mice fibroblasts (NIH3T3). In previous work, it was found that tissue transglutaminase coated on zein substrates enhanced adhesion and spreading of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. In the present study, cancer cell adhesion to nanostructured zein substrates was investigated. MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells were used as cancer cell surrogates. MDA-MB-231 cell immobilization was enhanced on zein films, prepared with 80% ethanol, over glass surfaces. The application of tissue transglutaminase onto nanostructured zein substrates further increased cell spreading and adhesion. Cell immobilization increased linearly with the tissue transglutaminase content of the substrate. The effect of substrate morphology was also investigated by seeding cells on electrospun zein fibers. HeLa cell adhesion was also enhanced by zein substrates. This study provided preliminary supporting evidence for developing a zein platform for circulating tumor cells’ immobilization.
Spatial trajectory tracking control for unmanned airships based on active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Lou Wenjie , Zhu Ming , Guo Xiao
Published: May 2018

In this paper, to address the spatial trajectory tracking problem of unmanned airships, a robust controller based on active disturbance rejection control is presented. By transforming the airship model to a standardized form, a straightforward design approach is adopted for the design of the controller. Active disturbance rejection control is composed of a tracking differentiator, an extended state observer, and a nonlinear state error feedback. The proposed controller replaces the conventional tracking differentiator with a third-order differentiator. The new tracking differentiator provides higher tracking precision and smoother transient process. The external disturbances and model uncertainties are observed by the extended state observer and compensated in the controller design, subsequently. Comparisons with technologies frequently used in the trajectory tracking are made through numerical simulation. The comparisons validate that the proposed controller provides satisfying performance and robustness in the presence of model uncertainty and external disturbance.
A novel 3D feature detection and matching approach for autonomous planetary landing mission
Authors: Tian Yang , Yu Meng , Zhang Yingying
Published: May 2018

In an autonomous planetary/asteroid landing mission, landmark recognition is crucial to the success of the navigation system. The failure of feature detection or matching could lead to evident increase of bias in lander pose estimation. To this end, we propose a novel 3D feature detection and matching algorithm in this paper. The spherical harmonic coefficients are adopted to describe a 3D natural feature, and a relative distance set feature description approach is proposed as a supplement feature descriptor to enhance the distinctiveness of 3D feature. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our complete feature detection and matching algorithm in terms of feature detection rate and correct feature matching rate.
Partnership duration and HIV serodisclosure among people living with HIV/AIDS in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Mbichila Tinkhani H , Chagomerana Maganizo , Tang Jennifer H , Haddad Lisa B , Hosseinipour Mina C , Tweya Hannock , Phiri Samuel
Published: May 2018

HIV serodisclosure to sexual partners is an important aspect of HIV prevention, treatment, and care. We investigated the association between partnership duration and serodisclosure among HIV-infected individuals in Lilongwe, Malawi. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of individuals attending one of two antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in Lilongwe. Clients aged 18–45 years and sexually active within the past six months were eligible. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between partnership duration ≤1 year and serodisclosure. Five hundred and sixty-two participants completed the survey: 308 (55%) women and 254 (45%) men. Median age was 35 years (IQR 30–40), 90% were married, 88% were on ART, and 95% had serodisclosed to their partner. Marital status, knowledge of partner serostatus, and ART use were significantly associated with serodisclosure. Participants in a relationship for ≤1 year were significantly less likely to disclose their serostatus to their partners compared to those in a relationship for >1 year (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.58). Couple-based interventions that encourage serodisclosure among partners within their first year of relationship should be developed to decrease HIV transmission, encourage treatment and support.
High prevalence of anti-hepatitis A IgG in a cohort of UK HIV-negative men who have sex with men: implications for local hepatitis A vaccine policy
Authors: Bhagey A , Foster K , Ralph S , Wardropper A , White C , Wholey V , Duncan S
Published: May 2018

BASHH guidelines recommend that ‘the hepatitis A virus total antibody test can be offered to at-risk patients whose immune status is unknown … depending on local funding arrangements’. We sought to measure the local prevalence of anti-hepatitis A (HAV) IgG in HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM), to inform the utility of pre-vaccination screening. We assessed the prevalence of anti-HAV IgG in HIV-negative MSM who attended sexual health services in County Durham and Darlington, UK, from March to August 2017. Data were extracted from electronic patient records and analysed in Excel. Our study was granted local Caldicott approval. Seventy four per cent of 244 HIV-negative MSM who attended for review were screened. Anti-HAV IgG was detected in 42% who did not report definite previous infection or vaccination; not detected in 57.4%; and was equivocal in 0.6%. Vaccine was administered to 48% of eligible patients. The estimated financial costs of universal vaccination of MSM (£4235.40) and pre-vaccination screening with vaccination of susceptible patients (£4188.13) are similar. Pre-vaccination screening and vaccination of susceptible patients does not save resources compared to a policy of universal vaccination of MSM in our setting. Universal vaccination of MSM attending genitourinary medicine clinics may improve vaccine uptake.
2018 UK national guideline for the management of donovanosis
Authors: O’Farrell Nigel , Hoosen Anwar , Kingston Margaret
Published: May 2018

The objective of this guideline is to provide guidance for the diagnosis and management of donovanosis, a now rare sexually transmitted infection. This guidance is primarily for professionals working in UK Sexual Health services (although others may find it useful) and refers to the management of individuals presenting with possible symptoms of donovanosis who are over the age of 16. An updated literature review since the last Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG) guideline produced for this condition in 2011 has shown few new developments. Most reports in the literature relate to cases of unusual presentations of the condition.
Structure and Implementation of Novel Task Rules: A Cross-Sectional Developmental Study
Authors: Verbruggen Frederick , McLaren Rossy , Pereg Maayan , Meiran Nachshon
Published: May 2018

Rule-based performance improves remarkably throughout childhood. The present study examined how children and adolescents structured tasks and implemented rules when novel task instructions were presented in a child-friendly version of a novel instruction-learning paradigm. Each miniblock started with the presentation of new stimulus-response mappings for a go task. Before this mapping could be implemented, subjects had to make responses in order to advance through screens during a preparatory (“ next”) phase. Children (4–11 years old) and late adolescents (17–19 years old) responded more slowly during the next phase when the next response was incompatible with the instructed stimulus-response mapping. This instruction-based interference effect was more pronounced in young children than in older children. We argue that these findings are most consistent with age-related differences in rule structuring. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of rule-based performance, instruction-based learning, and development.
Influence of organic loading rates on the production of methane from anaerobic digestion of sewage concentrate
Authors: Alepu Odey Emmanuel , Wang Kaijun , Li Zifu , Gao Ruiling
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the efficiency of biogas production from sewage concentrate through anaerobic digestion. A continuous stirred tank reactor with a 900-mL working volume was used. The experiment was designed to investigate the influence of organic loading rate on the efficiency of biogas production and to determine the most suitable organic loading rate condition for methane production from sewage concentrate by using continuous stirred tank reactor. The reactor was operated at different organic loading rates of 1.8, 0.8, and 0.6 gCOD/(L.d). The methane composition of the biogas produced from the treatment organic loading rate (OLR). The beginning of the experiment recorded low methane production because of the high organic loading rate. However, the later part of the experiment recorded high and stable biogas production because of the relatively low OLR. Results suggested that a 0.6 gCOD/(L.d) OLR was the most efficient setup parameter for ideal methane production from sewage concentrate by using continuous stirred tank reactor.
Monsoons, rice production, and urban growth: The microscale management of ‘too much’ water
Authors: Smith Monica L , Mohanty Rabindra Kumar
Published: May 2018

In discussions of human-environmental dynamics and climate change, treatments of water usually focus on the problem of drought. Monsoon environments constitute a different set of parameters for landscape interactions because of seasonal episodes of water abundance. In this paper, we evaluate the microscale management of routine and anticipated high-water events for the ancient Indian subcontinent, where people used the monsoon cycle to engage in rice farming that in turn supported the growth of cities. Rice production would have encompassed two fluctuating inputs: rural labor, which may have become scarce when villagers left farmlands to become city dwellers; and water, the quantity of which varies dramatically on both a seasonal basis because of the monsoon and on an occasional basis because of tropical cyclones. The abundance of water (even with its risks of overabundance) encompassed numerous logistical challenges but also permitted high productivity within short distances of urban centers. The case study of the ancient city of Sisupalgarh in eastern India illustrates that high levels of productivity per land area enabled city residents to engage in short-distance economies for food production, while maintaining regional contacts through durable-goods trade to mitigate occasional episodes of crop failure in times of major flooding.
Book review: Gautam Mahajan, Value Creation: The Definitive Guide for Business Leaders
Authors: Tripathi Shiv Shankar
Published: May 2018

Gautam Mahajan, Value Creation: The Definitive Guide for Business Leaders, 2016, New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 239 pp., ₹450 (Paperback). ISBN: 978-9351508977.
Book review: Tracy L. Tuten and Michael R. Solomon, Social Media Marketing
Authors: Sharma Kirti , Kumar Praval
Published: May 2018

Tracy L. Tuten and Michael R. Solomon, Social Media Marketing, 2016, 352 pp., New Delhi: SAGE, ₹450 (Paperback). ISBN 978-93-515-0924-0.
Export-enhancing Effects of Free Trade Agreements in South Asia
Authors: Mahmood Farhat , Jongwanich Juthathip
Published: May 2018

This article examines the effects of in-effect free trade agreements (FTA) on exports of Pakistan using the extended gravity model of bilateral trade flows. The effects of FTAs are measured by finding the differences between most-favoured nation (MFN) and preferential tariff rates (the tariff gap) as well as the zero-one binary dummy variable. Our systematic comparison of both the measures of an FTA suggests that the estimation based on the tariff gap is consistent with the observed changes in the trade pattern of Pakistan. Pakistan–China FTA (PCFTA) has the largest stimulating effect for Pakistan’s exports, while the effects of other FTAs are much smaller and not much different from each other. The effects of FTAs on agricultural products tend to be higher than those of manufacturing ones, suggesting ability of firms in the former to better comply with imposed rules of origin (ROO) than the latter. At the one-digit Standard of International Trade Classification, the effect of FTAs is mixed across products and FTAs.
African Economic Renaissance: A Case Study of Rwanda and Angola
Authors: Jauhari Alka
Published: May 2018

In the past century, Africa has been visibly absent from the world’s growth map. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, however, many countries in Africa have guided their way into achieving impressive economic growth. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified six countries from Africa—Rwanda, Mozambique, Nigeria, Angola, Chad and Ethiopia—in the top ten fastest growing economies of the world during 2001–10. Among these countries, some are resource-rich while others are non-resource-based economies. Both have however achieved growth through the adoption of targeted economic policies. With an examination of the post-conflict reconstruction of Rwanda (non-resource) and Angola (resource-rich), the article analyses the policies adopted and measures undertaken by the two for achieving economic growth as well as the prospects for sustainability of their growth.
Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) a promising therapeutic target of ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Jagadish Nirmala , Fatima Rukhsar , Sharma Aditi , Devi Sonika , Suri Vitusha , Kumar Vikash , Suri Anil
Published: May 2018

SPAG9 is a novel tumor associated antigen, expressed in variety of malignancies. However, its role in ovarian cancer remains unexplored. SPAG9 expression was validated in ovarian cancer cells by real time PCR and Western blot. SPAG9 involvement in cell cycle, DNA damage, apoptosis, paclitaxel sensitivity and epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated employing RNA interference approach. Combinatorial effect of SPAG9 ablation and paclitaxel treatment was evaluated in in vitro. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis revealed SPAG9 expression in A10, SKOV-3 and Caov3 compared to normal ovarian epithelial cells. SPAG9 ablation resulted in reduced cellular proliferation, colony forming ability and enhanced cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Effect of ablation of SPAG9 on cell cycle revealed S phase arrest and showed decreased expression of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E and increased expression of tumor suppressor p21. Ablation of SPAG9 also resulted in increased apoptosis with increased expression of various pro- apoptotic molecules including BAD, BID, PUMA, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 8 and cytochrome C. Decreased expression of mesenchymal markers and increased expression of epithelial markers was found in SPAG9 ablated cells. Combinatorial effect of SPAG9 ablation and paclitaxel treatment was evaluated in in vitro assays which showed that ablation of SPAG9 resulted in increased paclitaxel sensitivity and caused enhanced cell death. In vivo ovarian cancer xenograft studies showed that ablation of SPAG9 resulted in significant reduction in tumor growth. Present study revealed therapeutic potential of SPAG9 in ovarian cancer.
Demographics and study practices of psychiatry trainees sitting the RANZCP written examinations
Authors: Khanna Rahul , Matta Gabrielle , Visa Bharat , Ryan Anna
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

This study explored trainee preparation for the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) written examinations. We examined the relationship between candidates’ prior psychiatry experience, preparation techniques and expenses, perceptions of the exam and a pass result. We also examined perceptions of well-being.

Method:

A web-based survey was sent to RANZCP trainees. The association between responses and exam outcome was analysed using SPSS Statistics 23.

Results:

A total of 23% ( n = 38) of the cohort responded to the survey. Respondents studied for an average of 7.8 months for the essay-style exam and 4.4 months for the multiple-choice questions. The mean months of total psychiatry experience prior to sitting was 36.1 months. Every additional 50 hours of study increased odds of passing by 23%. Respondents who believed that exam preparation would affect outcome had an almost 4-fold higher odds of passing than those who did not. Ratings of well-being before release of results were also positively associated with passing.

Conclusions

Trainees are sitting the written exams with clinical experience commensurate with RANZCP recommendations. Total study hours and favourable perceptions of exam processes appear to be predictors of success.
Management of a complex patient – intravenous olanzapine use
Authors: Goh Phey Yee , Huang Beatrice , Pehlivan Nancy
Published: May 2018

Objective:

This case report aims to highlight the challenges faced by mental health clinicians in managing complex medical and psychiatric presentation, with a particular interest in intravenous (IV) olanzapine use outside the emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit setting.

Conclusion:

There is no current prescribing guideline regarding the use of IV olanzapine for acute agitation associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Most of the literature available regarding the use of IV olanzapine has originated from studies performed in the ED setting, with the majority of studies reporting a favourable efficacy and safety profile for IV olanzapine. Further research on the utilization of IV olanzapine in the general medical ward is required. Until more data is available, use of IV olanzapine in the acute arousal setting on a general medical ward remains off-label.
Teaching Emergent Literacy Skills to Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Baker Joshua N. , Rivera Christopher , Devine Stephanie , Mason Lee
Published: May 2018

This article provides six fundamental steps for using a task analysis to teach emergent literacy skills to young learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to general education peers, students with ASD score lower on reading measures and often have difficulty acquiring literacy skills via the instruction methods used in typical classrooms. An effective instructional technique for many students with ASD is systematic instruction via task analysis. Task analysis may be a useful tool for teachers of students with ASD to build literacy skills by aligning instruction in missing skills to the curriculum standards. The steps to consider when using a task analysis include what emergent literacy skills will be taught, defining expected steps and correct responses, the instructional method to be used, systematic prompting techniques, piloting and updating the task analysis, and teaching and collecting data. Considerations for implementation for practice are provided.
The Virtual-Representational-Abstract Framework to Support Students With Disabilities in Mathematics
Authors: Bouck Emily C. , Sprick Jessica
Published: May 2018

The virtual-representational-abstract (VRA) framework adapts an evidence-based practice, the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) framework, while trying to meet students and teachers where they are in terms of technology interest and use in education. This article discusses the VRA framework and the advantages of virtual manipulatives, and explains how a teacher can implement the VRA framework. Although more research is needed on the VRA framework, the VRA provides teachers an option as an instructional practice or intervention to support students struggling in mathematics.
A Relaxation Station in Every Location
Authors: Maich Kimberly , Davies Adam W. J. , van Rhijn Tricia
Published: May 2018

Inclusive classrooms with complex, diverse students have many challenges, including that of effective physical design. One included element that should be considered is a relaxation station, designed to teach and promote everyday self-regulation skills within a calmer and more private space. A relaxation station is an essential component in every classroom to support sensory needs, self-regulation, and so on, in an everyday and easily accessible manner appropriate for students with disabilities and their typical peers. This article presents a rationale as well as practical guidelines on how to develop such a space effectively, including recommendations for its design (e.g., boundaries), procedures (e.g., entry/exit), and elements (e.g., items, tools, and visuals).