bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a mechanism for clamping a drilling robot’s cargo
Authors: Lebedev Alexey , Kireev Sergey , Korchagina Marina
Published: November 2024

Robotics is developing rather intensively in Russian oil and gas industry today. Robotic drilling systems provide cost reduction and increase of work safety. Drilling robots’ gripping devices are designed for gripping, transporting, mounting, rotating massive cylindrical bodies. The analysis of the Russian adopted classification of gripper devices for industrial robots has shown that the existing schemes of mechanisms do not allow to realize a number of specific requirements to the gripper devices of drilling robots: a wide range of grip diameters and providing the possibility of rotation of the gripped body. The paper is devoted to geometrical synthesis of a gripper mechanism for a drilling robot. In the work the scheme of gripper mechanism is offered which provides the possibility of gripping and rotating massive cylindrical bodies of a wide range of diameters. An analytical and kinematic models of such a mechanism are developed. The analytical model of the mechanism includes a set of mathematical dependences describing the motion of all the links. We have developed the Mathcad program, by means of which we have determined the optimal parameters of the links of the mechanism in order to achieve the widest range of capture diameters.
Modeling techniques for enhancing barrel-type part casting processes
Authors: Glinscaya Anna , Tynchenko Vadim , Kukartseva Svetlana , Grigoryuk Natalya
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the principles of modeling the casting process for casting parts - “Barrel”. A detailed overview of the casting drawing is provided, as well as the designed 3D model according to this drawing. The values of allowances for the machining of the part are analyzed. The characteristic of the obtained alloy is presented, on the basis of which the calculation of the technological yield of the suitable one is made. At the end of the article, the result of the output of a suitable casting is given.
Modelling of cutting process dynamics and tool wear prediction in turning
Authors: Gvindjiliya Valery , Fominov Evgeniy , Moiseev Denis , Shramchenko Alexsand
Published: November 2024

The turning process is always accompanied by vibrations from the tool and spindle assembly, which directly influence on the surface quality and tool wear. At the same time, tool wear and vibrations are in a nonlinear relationship, causing mutual influence on each other. The paper proposes to model the dynamics of the cutting process taking into account the influence of elastic deformation displacements of the tool, perturbing vibration effects and the evolution of tool wear depending on the power trajectory of irreversible transformations. The aim of the study is to improve the efficiency of the turning process based on the identification of critical tool wear using a numerical simulation model. The simulation results are compared with experimental data from durability tests on a workpiece made of high-alloy heat-resistant steel. The vibration activity of the tool during the transition from the area of stabilisation of the cutting process to the zone of intensification of tool wear is analysed for simulation and experimental.
Decarbonizing gas emissions from petrochemical production using microalgae
Authors: Shevlyakov Fedor B. , Laptev Anatoliy B. , Latypov Oleg R. , Latypova Dina R. , Tarasenkova Tatyana A.
Published: November 2024

Thermal and catalytic processes of purification of hydrocarbon raw materials, which are produced by oil refineries and petrochemical enterprises, make a significant contribution to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Exhaust gases of thermal and catalytic processes containing a mixture of inert gases and C1-C5 hydrocarbons are sent for flaring. Industrial enterprises, especially petrochemical ones, emit a large amount of other greenhouse gases besides CO2. This study was executed in order to study the absorption of blow-off gases obtained during petrochemical production by marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chlorella microalgae. In each experiment conducted as part of this study, microalgae underwent two successive growth phases: the preparation phase and the cultivation phase. The studies were conducted at various temperatures and pressures. Exhaust and blow-off gases of the existing industrial production of isoprene were selected for laboratory experiments, so the composition of the gas changed significantly between tests. The microalgae showed the highest absorption capacity under the condition of 32 °C and high gas pressure. Microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chlorella microalgae showed the ability to absorb gases C1–C5 with an efficiency of 75.0%. The obtained research results can be used in the complex cleaning of biological treatment facilities.
Investigation of the parameters of a power truss for fixing mirrors in a telescopic complex for an ultra-low-orbit spacecraft
Authors: Peresypkin K. V. , Volotsuev V. V. , Taneeva A. S.
Published: November 2024

The design parameters of a power structure for fixing mirrors in the optical circuit of surveillance equipment intended for installation on an ultra-low-orbit spacecraft are being investigated. The optical scheme contains the main and second mirrors, as well as an additional flat mirror with an inclination of forty-five degrees to the optical axis of the main mirror. This flat mirror reverses the direction of the optical rays reflected from the earth's surface and directs the rays at the main mirror. To reduce the weight of the power structure, taking into account the requirements for dimensional stability and vibration resistance, a power truss with conical and unclosed cylindrical sections is considered. As a result of the research, the mass and size parameters of the power truss were obtained, which can serve as the basis for further development of a promising ultra-low-orbit optical system.
Measuring of 222Rn gas concentration and mapping in Al-Najaf soil samples
Authors: Hussein Ibrahem Salar , Muhsin Hwail Hussam , Saeed Abd Ulshaheed Areej , Abid Abojassim Ali , Alasadi Lubna A.
Published: November 2024

Lung cancer may be caused by extended exposure to high amounts of radon gas, with the estimated yearly effective dosage from inhaling the gas being around 55% of the natural public exposure dose rate. In the present work, radon-222 (222Rn) gas measurements were carried out in soil samples at depth 40 cm for Al-Najaf city using RAD-7 detectors that produced from DURRIDGE (made in USA). Measurements were carried out from Augst 2024. The annual effective dose (Dinh) in soil due to radon gas concentrations that inhalation by the public was calculated. The results of radon concentration in thirty-five regions in Najaf city ranged 193.9±3.5 Bq/m3 to 6405± 20.0 Bq/m3. The maximum value of the annual effective dose calculated in Al-Saad District was 6.76 mSv/y. and the minimum value found in Al-Ulama District was 0.2 mSv/y. From the results, it follows that all of these radon concentrations and Dinh in soil samples are below 10 kBq/m3 and 10 mSv/y, respectively which it was considered low risk. Moreover, it was establishing a radon gas map to reference the following studies using GIS technology.
Cis transport integration as a factor of sustainable mobility
Authors: Drozdova Maria , Udalova Daria
Published: November 2024

The article deals with topical issues of development of integration processes in the field of transportation within the CIS. Currently, both integration and disintegration trends are observed within the CIS. At the same time, the transport and logistics sphere is the key for the realization of the integration potential of any economic association of states. In complex current geopolitical conditions, when regional-bloc cooperation becomes the most promising form of international cooperation, preservation of historically established ties within the CIS is important for the stable development not only of Russia, but also of other member states. The existing strategy of convergence of transport systems to create a common transport space within the CIS requires actualization taking into account new geopolitical realities and a program-targeted approach to its formation.
Future Experiments of Kaon Physics
Authors: Wanke Rainer
Published: November 2024

Several new experiments to study Kaon physics have been taken into operation in the recent years or are being planned at the moment. All of them aim to measure ultra-rare FCNC Kaon decays like K → πνν¯, KL → π0l+l−, or K0 → µ+µ−, which all are extremely sensitive to possible new physics beyond the Standard Model. This report gives an overview on the status and the physics reaches of currently running and future Kaon physics experiments.
Probing new physics in Λb → Λc(→ Λπ)τν decay *
Authors: Sain Ria
Published: November 2024

We study the 4-body angular distribution for Λb → Λc+(→ Λπ+)ℓ−ν decays and discuss various asymmetric and angular observables in the Standard Model and the new physics scenarios. Considering the new physics effects in b → cτ−ντ transitions, we have constrained the new Wilson coefficients of the one operator and two operator scenarios from the available data on these decays. The two-operator scenario with scalar-pseudoscalar and tensor quark current provides the most plausible solution to the current data. Also, we have tested the new physics sensitivities (one or two-operator scenarios) of the different angular observables in Λb → Λc(→ Λπ+)τ−ντ decays and found correlations among them.
Vaccinologie : facteurs modulant l’efficacité de la réponse immunitaire
Authors: Bessière Pierre
Published: November 2024

La vaccination repose sur le principe suivant : la capacité du système immunitaire à détruire les agents pathogènes ou les cellules infectées et à générer des cellules mémoires qui confèreront une immunité durable. L’efficacité de la réponse vaccinale dépend de nombreux paramètres. Certains sont en dehors du contrôle des vétérinaires praticiens, comme la nature et la dose des antigènes utilisés ou la présence d’adjuvant, mais d’autres dépendent directement d’eux ou des animaux. Les protocoles de primo-vaccination, l’âge et le statut physiologique des animaux sont des paramètres ayant une influence majeure sur la réponse vaccinale. Cet article propose une synthèse des principaux éléments sur lesquels repose cette dernière.
Réovirus aviaires : défis du contrôle de la maladie face à une évolution génétique perpétuelle
Authors: Guérin Jean-Luc , Croville Guillaume
Published: November 2024

La ténosynovite causée par le réovirus aviaire (ARV) chez les volailles de chair peut entraîner des boiteries et des ruptures de tendons, générant des pertes économiques importantes. Identifié pour la première fois en 1957, le réovirus est contrôlé par vaccination, mais la résurgence de la maladie et l’émergence de nouvelles souches, notamment en France depuis 2016, posent des défis importants. Les souches d’ARV sont classées en cinq groupes génétiques, avec des variations notables dans la protéine sigma C, protéine ciblée pour le génotypage. Malgré les vaccins existants, les souches circulantes montrent une dérive génétique, rendant les vaccins moins efficaces. Des outils moléculaires récents, comme le séquençage de troisième génération, améliorent la détection des souches, soulignant la nécessité d’une surveillance génétique continue pour adapter les stratégies de vaccination.
Gestion des facteurs de risque face à l’acidose subaiguë chez les bovins
Authors: Enjalbert Francis
Published: November 2024

L’acidose ruminale subaiguë des bovins est une maladie multifactorielle. La gestion du risque consiste à établir des rations sans excès d’amidon, avec suffisamment de fibres pour stimuler la rumination. Il faut aussi gérer le nombre de repas, les transitions alimentaires et limiter le tri de la ration.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Mutated Variants Using RT-LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a Platform
Authors: WANG Shanshan , YAN Jun , DU Tongtong , LIU Luo , CHEN Xiong , HAN Song , YIN Jun , PENG Biwen , HE Xiaohua , LU Xuan , LIU Wanhong
Published: November 2024

The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised significant global apprehension. Developing a rapid, efficient, sensitive, and accurate point-of-care detection method is imperative for curbing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we screened a sequence, designed a set of highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification primers (LAMP) and gRNA, and developed a user-friendly detection platform combining CRISPR-Cas12a and RT-LAMP technology to specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 and its 5 variants. Bioinformatics analysis and Cas12a-gRNA identification ensured sequence specificity, allowing us to identify SARS-CoV-2 mutations. We developed a method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using these primers in combination with LAMP amplification and CRISPR-Cas12a technology. This method is designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 (NC_045512), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Additionally, it can differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from other coronaviruses. Quantitative analysis can be conducted by measuring fluorescence values, while qualitative analysis can be performed by observing fluorescence color point-of-care diagnosis changes with the naked eye. These results suggest that a set of novel sensitive LAMP primers and gRNA have been obtained to detect the extensive variants, and the RT-LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a platform significantly facilitates point-of-care diagnosis, thereby halting the spread of SARS-CoV-2, thus contributing to COVID-19 prevention and control.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of a Ruthenium(II)-Substituted Keggin Polyoxotungstate
Authors: JIA Shifang , HAO Xiuli , WEN Yanzhen , SHI Shaoqi , ZHANG Yan
Published: November 2024

The ruthenium multi-substituted polyoxotungstate, K7[SiW9O37Ru4(H2O)3Cl3]·15H2O (S1), was synthesized by a conventional aqueous solution containing the trilacunary Keggin-anions β-Na9HSiW9O34·12H2O (S2) and RuCl3·nH2O (S3). Compound S1 was characterized by elemental analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), infrared spectroscopy (IR), uliraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy (UV/Vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cytotoxicitycy of S1 was tested in C33A (human cervical cancer), DLD-1 (human colon cancer), HepG2 (human liver cancer) and human normal embryonic lung fibroblasts cell (MRC-5). And the viability of these treated cells was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.To explore the mode of cell death induced by S1, morphological study of DNA damage and apoptosis assays were conducted. These analyses revealed that S1 exerted its cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner, primarily triggering apoptotic cell death. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry indicated that compound S1 caused cell cycle arrest and accumulated cells in S phase.
Wear Properties of Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr Alloys under Different Atmospheres
Authors: WU Shang-a-meng , WANG Zhensheng
Published: November 2024

The study examines the friction and wear properties of Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloys under varying gas conditions. The alloy was tested in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide using a controlled atmosphere wear tester. The study revealed that the wear environmental embrittlement resulted from the diffusion of reactive atomic hydrogen into the interior of the Ni3Al-Ni3V alloy. The addition of Zr elements decreased the proportion of Al elements on the surface of the Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy and reduced the proportion of H atoms produced by the chemical reaction between atmospheric water vapour and Al elements. This inhibited the environmental embrittlement and improved the performance of the Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy. The wear performance of Ni5Zr alloy is superior to that of Ni3Al-Ni3V. When exposed to air in an air environment, the surface of Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy forms a protective Al2O3 oxide film on the workpiece, resulting in a reduction of the friction coefficient and wear rate of the alloy. The wear mechanism of the alloy is mainly oxidation wear and abrasive wear. In an oxygen environment, the surface of the alloy generates a significant amount of Al2O3 oxide film. The flaking of the oxide film leads to an increase in the friction coefficient and wear rate of the alloy. In a carbon dioxide environment, the surface of the alloy undergoes severe deformation, and plough lines become apparent. This is accompanied by flaking Si3N4 abrasive chips adhering to the surface of the alloy, which intensifies the wear of the alloy. The primary wear mechanism is abrasive wear. Therefore, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy in the atmosphere are optimal.
Akzeptanz einer digitalen Rehabilitationsnachsorge bei
Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen: eine Kohortenstudie
Authors: Prehn Johanna , Remus Lea , Bethge Matthias
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund Die Studie untersuchte die Akzeptanz einer digitalen
Rehabilitationsnachsorge in Form der Caspar-App für Rehabilitand*innen mit
Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen. Die wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren auf die
Nutzungsabsicht und die tatsächliche Nutzung sollten identifiziert werden. Die
Auswahl der Variablen basierte auf dem Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM 3).

Material und Methoden Es wurden Rehabilitand*innen für eine Befragung mit
zwei Zeitpunkten rekrutiert. Bei der Erstbefragung wurden u. a. mögliche
Determinanten von Nutzungsabsicht und Nutzung erhoben. Bei der Zweitbefragung
wurden u. a. die gewählte Form der Nachsorge und die Gründe gegen eine
App-Nutzung erfragt. Die Zusammenhänge der Einflussfaktoren wurden durch ein
generalisiertes Strukturgleichungsmodell (GSEM) geschätzt.

Ergebnisse An der Erstbefragung nahmen 152 und an der Zweitbefragung 64
Rehabilitand*innen teil. Die Befragten, die sich für ein konventionelles
Nachsorgeangebot entschieden haben, nannten als Hauptgrund dafür die Annahme,
mit der App nicht die gewünschten Ergebnisse zu erzielen (55%). Wir fanden
starke Zusammenhänge zwischen Ergebniserwartungen und der wahrgenommenen
Nützlichkeit sowie zwischen der wahrgenommenen Nützlichkeit und der
Nutzungsabsicht. Die Assoziation einer hohen Nutzungsabsicht und tatsächlicher
Nutzung konnte bestätigt werden.

Schlussfolgerungen Der starke Einfluss der Ergebniserwartungen und die
geringe Nutzung der digitalen Rehabilitationsnachsorge könnten in der hohen
Bedeutung physischer Übungen mit Therapeutinnen liegen, die für die
Rehabilitation von Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen zentral sind. Die beobachteten
Einflüsse der wahrgenommenen Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Nützlichkeit auf die
Nutzungsabsicht und Nutzung unterstützen die Annahmen des TAM 3. Die wichtigste
Handlungsempfehlung ist, den Rehabilitand*innen die Nicht-Unterlegenheit einer
digitalen Rehabilitationsnachsorge in Form der Caspar-App aufzuzeigen.
Pelvic venous disorders in women – diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Paulus Tobias , Minko Peter , Petersen Tim-Ole , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Kern Peter , Abolmaali Nasreddin
Published: November 2024

Chronic pelvic pain may cause a significant reduction in the quality of life for affected women, and the extent of the limitation is often underestimated. Chronic pain can lead to lifelong problems. Currently, PCS is probably significantly underdiagnosed as a cause of chronic pelvic pain in women. To diagnose PCS, other common causes of chronic pelvic pain must be excluded and typical changes in pelvic vein syndrome must be detected, ideally using MR phlebography. If the indication is correct and the procedure is carried out appropriately – ideally by experienced interventionalists certified according to DeGIR/EBIR – the symptoms can be eliminated in the long term with a high success rate and few complications. Simultaneous psychotherapeutic treatment should always be discussed with the patients.
Aloe vera and the Proliferative Phase of Cutaneous Wound Healing: Status Quo Report on Active Principles, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Lee Zhuang Min , Goh Bey Hing , Khaw Kooi Yeong
Published: November 2024

Aloe vera is commonly used as traditional medicine for cutaneous wound healing. Nonetheless, the wound healing mechanisms of Aloe vera remain unclear. This review aims to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of Aloe vera in promoting cutaneous wound healing, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms that stimulate cell proliferation and migration. Aloe vera has been shown to upregulate growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), cyclin D1, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), and microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4), as well as collagen, fibrillin, elastin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), integrins, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1, also known as CD31), while downregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition,
Aloe vera was also found to upregulate PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, as well as the TGF-β signalling pathway via Smad proteins. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that certain chemical constituents of Aloe vera bind to some of the forementioned growth factors or signalling molecules. With regards to current applications, although human clinical trials have reported positive results from using Aloe vera in healing open wounds and burns and alleviating some inflammatory skin diseases, the current commercial uses of Aloe vera remain largely focused on cosmetic products. Thus, greater advances are required to promote the use of Aloe vera products in clinical settings.
Crural Diaphragm Density in Respiratory Complications after Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lobectomy
Authors: Bellini Alice , Vizzuso Antonio , Sterrantino Sara , Ciarrocchi Angelo Paolo , Piciucchi Sara , Giampalma Emanuela , Stella Franco
Published: November 2024

Background Respiratory muscle strength affects pulmonary function after lung resection; however, the role of diaphragm density, an emerging index of muscle quality, remains unexplored. We investigated the role of crural diaphragm density (CDD) in respiratory complications (RC) after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for lung cancer.

Methods A total of 118 patients were retrospectively enrolled between 2015 and 2022. Exclusion criteria were neoadjuvant therapy, thoracic trauma, and previous cardiothoracic and abdominal surgery. Demographic, functional, and radiological data were collected. The CDD in Hounsfield Unit (HU) was defined as the average of the density of the right and left crural diaphragm at the level of the median arcuate ligament on computed tomography axial images. RC included sputum retention, respiratory infections, atelectasis, pneumonia, respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Results The prevalence of postoperative RC was 41% (48 of 118). RC occurred mostly in males (64.6 vs. 44.3%, p = 0.04), current smokers (41.7 vs. 21.4%, p = 0.02), a longer surgical procedure (210 vs. 180 minutes, p = 0.04), and a lower CDD (42.5 vs. 48 HU, p = 0.05). The optimal cutoff of CDD was 39.75 HU (sensitivity 43%, specificity 82%, accuracy 65%, area under the curve: 0.62, p = 0.05), slightly above the threshold for reduced muscle mass (<30 HU). By multivariable logistic regression a CDD ≤ 39.75 HU (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.134 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.111–8.844], p = 0.03) and current smoking (HR: 2.733 [95% CI: 1.012–7.380], p = 0.05) were both independent risk factors of postoperative RC.

Conclusion The CDD seems to be a simple and useful tool for predicting RC after VATS lobectomy, especially among current smokers. Such patients, identified early, could benefit from preoperative functional and nutritional rehabilitation.
Photon-Counting Detector CT: Advances and Clinical Applications in Cardiovascular Imaging
Authors: Hagar Muhammad Taha , Schlett Christopher L , Oechsner Tim , Varga-Szemes Akos , Emrich Tilman , Chen Xiao Yan , Kravchenko Dmitrij , Tremamunno Giuseppe , Vecsey-Nagy Milán , Molina-Fuentes Moises Felipe , Krauss Tobias , Taron Jana , Schuppert Christopher , Bamberg Fabian , Soschynski Martin
Published: November 2024

Since the approval of the first dual-source photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) in the fall of 2021, significant insights have been gained in its application for cardiovascular imaging. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and the growing body of research literature, illustrating innovative applications and perspectives through case examples.

We conducted a structured literature review, identifying relevant studies via Google Scholar and PubMed, using the keywords “photon-counting detector”, “cardiovascular CT”, “cardiac CT”, and “ultra-high-resolution CT”. We analyzed studies published since January 2015. Additionally, we integrated our own clinical experiences and case examples.

In addition to the well-known benefit of increased temporal resolution offered by dual-source scanners, dual-source PCD-CT provides three key advantages: 1) Optimized geometric dose efficiency with an improved contrast-to-noise ratio, 2) intrinsic spectral sensitivity, and 3) the ability for ultrahigh-resolution CT. This technology enables improved image quality or radiation dose reduction in established cardiovascular protocols. Its use in non-invasive cardiac diagnostics for obese patients, those with a high plaque burden, or after stent implantation appears technically feasible, potentially expanding the scope of CT. The spectral sensitivity also allows tailored image acquisition, reducing metallic artifacts and contrast agent doses in patients with renal impairment. Early studies and clinical experience support these potential applications of PCD-CT in cardiovascular diagnostics, suggesting workflow optimization and improved patient management.

However, challenges remain, including high costs, large data volumes, somewhat longer reconstruction times, and technical difficulties in combining spectral sensitivity with ultra-high resolution. Prospective randomized studies with clinical endpoints are lacking to confirm the clear advantage over conventional scanners. Future research should focus on endpoint-based studies and robust cost-benefit analyses to evaluate the potential of this technology and facilitate its evidence-based integration in clinical practice.
Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization in healthy adults
acutely changes the tissue stiffness
Authors: Ema Ryoichi , Iino Yuta , Nomura Yuta , Furusawa Tomoki , Hirata Kosuke , Yoshitake Yasuhide , Akagi Ryota
Published: November 2024

This study clarified whether instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM)
on the plantar surface changes abductor hallucis and plantar fascia stiffness at
rest and medial longitudinal arch height under low- and high-loading conditions.
IASTM was performed to one foot of the twenty-eight young men (IASTM condition),
and the other foot of them was assigned to the control condition. Using
ultrasonography, the resting shear wave propagation velocity of the abductor
hallucis and plantar fascia and navicular height in a seated posture were
determined. The foot contact area during quiet standing was measured using a
foot-scan system. The shear wave propagation velocity of the plantar fascia
significantly decreased by 10.8% in the IASTM condition but did not change
significantly in the control condition. The magnitude of change in the shear
wave propagation velocity of the plantar fascia was negatively correlated
(r=− 0.660) with the shear wave propagation velocity of the plantar fascia
before IASTM. The interaction of time and condition was not significant for the
shear wave propagation velocity of the abductor hallucis, navicular height, or
foot contact area. The current study revealed that IASTM on the plantar surface
affected tissue stiffness but did not change the structure of the foot.
Globaler Wandel in der Psychotherapie: Einflüsse aktueller
gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen auf psychische Gesundheit und
Therapie
Authors: Kleinschmitt Annika , Mohrmüller Marie , Beelmann Andreas
Published: November 2024

Globaler Wandel wirkt sich in vielfältiger Weise sowohl auf individuelle
Lebenssituationen als auch auf das gesellschaftliche Zusammenleben aus.
Auswirkungen von gesellschaftlichen Ereignissen auf psychische Erkrankungen und
Psychotherapie werden von der Psychotherapieforschung jedoch nur in einzelnen
Bereichen erfasst und einbezogen. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es,
aktuelle Problemlagen und Anliegen von Patient*innen in Deutschland anhand von
Erfahrungsberichten aus der Praxis zu explorieren, mögliche gesellschaftliche
Ursachen zu sammeln und Überlegungen zum therapeutischen Umgang zu bündeln.
Hierfür wurden Psychotherapeut*innen (n=10) und Psychotherapiepatient*innen
(n=12) in qualitativen Interviews befragt und diese mithilfe der Grounded Theory
ausgewertet. Nach Auswertung der gesammelten Perspektiven konnten fünf
wesentliche Auswirkungen aktueller gesellschaftlicher Ereignisse und
Globalisierungsfolgen identifiziert werden. Diese umfassen aus Perspektive von
Psychotherapeut*innen und Patient*innen zunehmende Zukunftsängste, abnehmende
soziale Eingebundenheit, vermehrte Ziel- und Identitätsfragen als Anliegen für
die Psychotherapie, vermehrte psychische Belastung in Folge politischer
Differenzen und eine erhöhte Nachfrage nach diversitätssensibler Psychotherapie.
Therapeutische Ansätze umfassen neben der Erweiterung von Handlungsspielräumen
vor allem das zur Verfügung stellen von Kontakt, Begleitung, Orientierung,
emotionaler Unterstützung und Bindungserfahrung. Der Einbezug von Wissen von
Psychotherapeut*innen und Patient*innen sowie Befunden aus
gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen kann hilfreich sein, aktuelle
Problemlagen zu verstehen und neue therapeutische Methoden zu entwickeln oder
bereits bestehende zu sammeln, zu verknüpfen und gezielt einzusetzen.
Procedural outcomes of a novel underwater injection endoscopic mucosal resection technique for colorectal polyps ≥10 mm
Authors: Hirai Yuichiro , Toyoshima Naoya , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Masau , Yamada Masayoshi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Sekine Shigeki , Saito Yutaka
Published: November 2024

It is uncertain whether underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) enables resection of the submucosal tissue with sufficient margins for T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) because UEMR forgoes submucosal injection. Therefore, we developed a novel “underwater injection EMR” (UIEMR) method that combines submucosal injection with UEMR to obtain an adequate vertical margin.

We retrospectively analyzed procedure-related outcomes of 135 consecutive lesions from patients who underwent UIEMR for ≥10-mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps (median size 15 mm). The outcomes included the en bloc, R0, RX, and R1 resection rates, and adverse events. Additionally, the vertical margin distance of seven T1 CRCs was evaluated.

En bloc resection was achieved in 127 lesions (94.1%). R0 and RX resections were observed in 92 (68.1%) and 42 lesions (31.1%), respectively, while R1 resection was seen in only one lesion (0.7%). There were two cases with adverse events (1.5%), both delayed bleeding. In T1 CRCs, all seven cases had free vertical margins, and the median vertical margin distance was 1140 µm (range 731–1570 µm).

UIEMR safely demonstrated high success rates for en bloc resection, and potentially ensures a sufficient vertical margin. This technique might be an option, particularly for relatively small lesions concerning for T1 CRC, and deserves further study.
Intraorbital Retrobulbar Salivary Gland Choristoma: Presentation of a Unique Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ritter Leonard , Eibl Thomas , Liebert Adrian , Blechschmidt Cristiane , Traxdorf Maximilian , Schebesch Karl-Michael
Published: November 2024

Background A choristoma is defined as the accumulation of normal tissue in an abnormal location. Salivary gland choristomas are a rare entity that is most frequently described in the middle ear. However, there are a few reported cases of salivary gland choristomas in other locations like the pituitary gland and the optic nerve dural sheath. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient with an intraconal salivary gland choristoma. A brief but comprehensive review of literature is offered, additionally.

Methods A 19-year-old male patient presented with disturbance of ocular motility, ptosis, and exophthalmos of the right eye. The subsequent imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intraconal lesion that infiltrated the lateral and medial rectal muscles of the right eye. The lesion showed intensive gadolinium enhancement in T1-weighted sequence and the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence showed no intracranial edema. The interdisciplinary neuro-oncologic tumor board recommended a biopsy and partial removal of the lesion.

Results Partial resection of the choristoma was successfully performed via lateral orbitotomy. No new neurologic or visual deficits occurred postoperatively. During the 2-week follow-up examination, the exophthalmos had completely regressed and the patient only reported a slight retrobulbar pressure sensation. The histopathologic examination of the tissue revealed seromucous glandular tissue.

Conclusion Salivary gland choristomas have been occasionally described intracranially before, but this is the first case of an intraconal accumulation of salivary gland tissue. Partial resection was achieved, resulting in complete recovery of the ophthalmologic symptoms.
Contrast Kinetics in CT Coronary Angiography
Authors: Singhal Manphool , Subramanian Pavithra , Sharma Arun
Published: November 2024

Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is a technically demanding radiological investigation that requires adequate opacification of coronary arteries at peak aortic enhancement phase, with minimal or no contrast in the superior vena cava and right-sided cardiac chambers to avoid streak artifacts of dense contrast. Therefore, it is prudent to know about contrast media, contrast kinetics, and contrast injection protocols. This article attempts to describe the essentials of various aspects of contrast media that should be considered for CTCA along with an in-depth analysis of contrast kinetics that every radiologist should know for obtaining adequate opacification of coronary arteries.
Localized states of conduction electrons in an anharmonic elastic medium with nonlinear interactions
Authors: Vol E. D. , Kukushkin L. S.
Published: November 2024

The possibility is considered of forming localized electron states in homopolar crystals due to anharmonic properties of the medium and nonlinear terms in the electron–lattice interaction energy. Systems are pointed out where condensation-type states should be expected, and the radius of such states in typical cases is shown to exceed the lattice constant by one order of magnitude, A number of special cases have been investigated quantitatively; the qualitative results obtained, however, are adequate to describe the general picture.
A new method of finding the surface-localized vibrational states of a crystal
Authors: Peresada V. I. , Syrkin E. S.
Published: November 2024

A new method is presented for calculating the vibrational states localized at the surfaces of a crystal for any values of the two-dimensional wave vector. In order to illustrate the method the surface states are investigated for a specific model of a crystal and its surface.
Spectral features of the spontaneous scattering of light at the surface of a superfluid liquid
Authors: Bozhkov A. I. , Kolomenskii AI. A.
Published: November 2024

Based on Khalatnikov's two-component hydrodynamic equations and using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, an expression is found for the spectral density of the surface fluctuations of a superfluid liquid. We shall use the hydrodynamic model of surface waves proposed by Seiden. The density of the liquid is assumed to be constant; the possibility is accepted however of an adjusted change of density of the normal (ρn) and superfluid (ρs) components, which will permit a change of entropy σ due to changes of temperature during surface fluctuations to be taken in account. Evaporation is neglected, so that together with the usual boundary conditions expressing equality to zero of the flows of mass, entropy and momentum through the surface, the condition of constancy of the chemical potential along the surface of the superfluid liquid is used. It is shown that for values of the wave vectors of surface waves, q = 102 to 105 cm−1 in the temperature range T ≳ 0.9°K, the expression found for the spectral density gives the same values as the similar expression obtained within the scope of the hydrodynamic model, in which the quantities ρn, ρs and σ are assumed to be constant. In the temperature range 0.6°K ≲ T ≲ 0.9°K, the stated model gives significantly different results, and in our case narrower spectral lines are obtained, and with defined conditions in the case of weak damping of the surface waves an expression is obtained for the spectral density of the Lorentz type, in which the central frequencies of each of the two lines of the spectral doublet are found to be proportional to some combination of the viscosity coefficients η, ζ1, ζ2 and ζ3. This, in principle, gives the possibility of determining experimentally this combination by the spectrum of the spontaneous surface scattering of light.
Linear spin chain in a nonuniform magnetic field
Authors: Dolgov A. S.
Published: November 2024

The paper considers the problem of determining the energy spectrum of a one-dimensional spin structure with a particular type of interaction in a magnetic field varying smoothly along the chain. The exact spectrum of excitations in the system is found for spatial variation of the magnetic field according to linear, quadratic, and hyperbolic taws. In the general case, the spectrum is approximated by procedures similar to the technique of quasi-classical approximation.
Fermi surface of holes in narrow-gap solid solutions of Pb1-X SnXTe
Authors: Dmitriev A. I. , Lashkarev G. V. , Chudinov S. M.
Published: November 2024

The oscillation and galvanomagnetic effects are investigated in the alloys Pb0.82Sn0.18Te with 3.1016–6.1018 cm−3 hole concentrations. The values of the current carrier concentration, computed from the oscillation and Hall measurements, agree to the accuracy of experimental error. The hole effective mass is determined and it is shown that its concentration dependence is described by Kane and Dimmock models with a transverse mass of m ⊥0 = 0.0128 ± 0.0006m0 on the bottom of the band. The anisotropy coefficient of the hole effective mass K is practically independent of the concentration and is 11.8 ±0.3. It is shown that the band spectrum parameters in the Dimmock models depend on the composition of the solid solution. The Dingle temperatures and their corresponding relaxation times are determined, which are compared with the relaxation times found from energy measurements.
Spin diffusion in a ferromagnetic chain with biquadratic exchange
Authors: Kashcheev V. N.
Published: November 2024

The temperature dependence of the spin correlation length, susceptibility, and spin diffusion coefficient are derived for a ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with biquadratic exchange at low temperatures.
Effect of electron-phonon scattering on collective excitations in “dirty” superconductors
Authors: Cheishvili O. D.
Published: November 2024

The effect of inelastic electron scattering by intrinsic oscillations of the order parameter in “dirty” superconductors is investigated for a wide temperature range. It is shown that near the transition temperature Δ02T/Tc≪τ0−1≪Δ0T, where τ0 is the inelastic electron scattering time) the damping of collective excitations of the phase of the order parameter, having the form of a propagating wave, is determined by the inelastic scattering time.
Exactly soluble model of a spin glass
Authors: Pastur L. A. , Figotin A. L.
Published: November 2024

An exactly soluble model of a disordered spin system with an infinite interaction range is proposed. The model has a phase transition to the spin glass state in which the macroscopic magnetization vanishes while the magnetic moments of separate domains are nonzero. The quantum version of the model exhibits a realistic heat capacity behavior at low temperatures.
Magnetic freeze-out in the semiconducting alloy B0.905Sb0.095 at superlow temperatures
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Yakovlev G. D.
Published: November 2024

The longitudinal magnetoresistance of the semiconducting alloy B0.905Sb0.095 in high and low electric fields was measured in a magnetic field H of up to 50 kOe directed along the bisector crystal axis in the temperature range 0.07 °K ≲ T ≲ 4.2 °K. The results of the measurements are interpreted on the basis of the magnetic freeze-out model which takes into account the pronounced anisotropy of the electron isoenergetic surfaces in n-type semiconducting alloys B1–xSbx. The distinctive features that the conductivity is found to have at superlow temperatures and in high magnetic fields indicates that an impurity band exists below the conduction band under these conditions.
Characteristics of the contribution of Dy3+ and Tb3+ ions to the anisotropy of DyxTb1‒xFeO3 orthoferrites
Authors: Derkachenko V. N. , Kadomtseva A. M. , Kovtun N. M. , Timofeyeva V. A. , Khokhlov V. A. , Kazakevich O. V.
Published: November 2024

The magnetic properties of Dyx Tb1–xFeO3 (x = 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0) single crystals were studied. On the basis of the data obtained in this study, the maximum value of the anisotropy factor KF ​​eab in the crystallographic ab-plane of the iron sublattice is now calculated and it is shown that KT ​​bab is much arger than KD ​​yab, while KT ​​bac is small.
Voltage jumps in the current–voltage characteristics of superconductive channels
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V. , Bratus’ E. N. , Galaiko V. P.
Published: November 2024

A previously developed theory {[V. P. Galaiko, “Critical currents for resistive states in superconductive channels”, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, 379–390 (1974) [Sov. Phys. JETP 39, 181 (1974)]} of the nonlinear response of a superconductor to nonequilibrium longitudinal electric fields is used to study the structure of the resistive state in narrow superconductive channels. The experimentally observed “jumps” in the current–voltage characteristics of tin whiskers are explained.
Quasiclassical approach to many-magnon bound states in a one­-dimensional ferromagnet
Authors: Ivanov B. A.
Published: November 2024

To study the applicability of the quasiclassical approach to bound states of N magnons, a quasiclassical quantization of self-localized oscillations is performed in a model ferromagnet which is the classical analog of the exactly soluble one-dimensional quantum model of an anisotropic ferromagnet. For N ⪢ 1 the quasiclassical and exact quantum results for the energy of the N-magnon bound state are shown to coincide, thereby proving that the quasiclassical description is suitable for the treatment of bound states of large number of magnons.
Developing a self-calibrating system for volume measurement of spheroidal particles using two acoustically levitated droplets
Authors: Johansson Andreas , Méndez-Fragoso Ricardo , Enger Jonas
Published: November 2024

Acoustically levitated droplets in the nanoliter to microliter range are studied in various fields. The volume measurements of these are conventionally done using image analysis. A precision-produced calibration sphere is often used to calibrate the recording equipment, which is time-consuming and expensive. This paper describes a self-calibrating method to measure the volumes of acoustically levitated droplets as a versatile and low-cost alternative. The distance between two levitated droplets in a horizontally oriented acoustic trap is processed via real-time or recorded frame data using image analysis. To assist in setting the cavity length for the acoustic trap, a simulation of the acoustic field is utilized based on the temperature in the trap, thereby also predicting the distance between the central nodes used to determine the scale factor. The volumes of the spheroidal-shaped levitated droplets can then be calculated from the pixel data. We use a modified version of the well-known TinyLev, and our method has been tested with two types of transducer packing. Its accuracy for volume measurements has been verified in comparison with the standard calibration sphere technique. Self-calibration of the system is demonstrated by changing the camera zoom during data collection, with negligible effects on measured volume. This is something that could not be achieved with conventional static methods.
Enzyme kinetics simulation at the scale of individual particles
Authors: Kearney Taylor , Flegg Mark B.
Published: November 2024

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions involve two distinct timescales: a short timescale on which enzymes bind to substrate molecules to produce bound complexes and a comparatively long timescale on which the molecules of the complex are transformed into products. The uptake of the substrate in these reactions is the rate at which the product is made on the long timescale. Models often only consider the uptake to reduce the number of chemical species that need to be modeled and to avoid explicitly treating multiple timescales. Typically, the uptake rates cannot be described by mass action kinetics and are traditionally derived by applying singular perturbation theory to the system’s governing differential equations. This analysis ignores short timescales by assuming that a pseudo-equilibrium between the enzyme and the enzyme-bound complex is maintained at all times. This assumption cannot be incorporated into current particle-based simulations of reaction–diffusion systems because they utilize proximity-based conditions to govern the instances of reactions that cannot maintain this pseudo-equilibrium for infinitely fast reactions. Instead, these methods must directly simulate the dynamics on the short timescale to accurately model the system. Due to the disparate timescales, such simulations require excessive amounts of computational time before the behavior on the long timescale can be observed. To resolve this problem, we use singular perturbation theory to develop a proximity-based reaction condition that enables us to ignore all fast reactions and directly reproduce non-mass action kinetics at long timescales. To demonstrate our approach, we implement simulations of a specific third order reaction with kinetics reminiscent of the prototypical Michaelis–Menten system.