bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Quantification of Dynamic Effects in Capillary Pressure for Drainage–Wetting Cycles
Authors: Sakaki Toshihiro , O'Carroll Denis M. , Illangasekare Tissa H.
Published: May 2010

The constitutive relationship between capillary pressure (Pc) and wetting fluid saturation (Sw), or retention curve, is needed to model multiphase flow in porous media. This relationship is usually measured under static conditions; however, transient flow is governed by a dynamic relationship between the Pc and Sw Differences in Pc measured under static and dynamic conditions are due to dynamic effects typically defined as a product of a dynamic coefficient (τ) and the rate of change in Sw To date, relatively few experimental studies have been conducted to directly quantify the magnitude of this effect. In this study, the magnitude of τ was quantified by measuring both static and dynamic retention curves in repeated drainage and wetting experiments using a field sand. The 95% confidence intervals for the static retention curves showed that the dynamic retention curves were statistically different. The measured τ for primary drainage generally increased with decreasing Sw The measured τ values were also compared with those estimated using a different approach based on redistribution time. The measured and estimated τ were in close agreement when the redistribution times were 146 s for the wetting cycle and 509 s for primary and main drainage cycles. The shape of the τ–Sw relationship was largely controlled by the slope of the static retention curve. Numerical modeling demonstrated that a log‐linear model relating τ and Sw yielded the best match to experimental outflow results.
The Hydrological Effects of Lateral Preferential Flow Paths in a Glaciated Watershed in the Northeastern USA
Authors: Harpold Adrian A. , Lyon Steve W. , Troch Peter A. , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: May 2010

Despite observational evidence of lateral preferential flow paths in northeastern U.S. watersheds, their effects on the sources of runoff remain unclear. An intense field survey was undertaken during the 2007 growing season to determine the sources of stream runoff from a 2.51 km2 watershed in the Catskill Mountains, New York State. Lateral preferential flow paths are caused by groundwater springs and soil piping in this region. A two‐component hydrograph separation using δ18O showed that event water (rain water) was a significant source of runoff during nine rainfall events (from July to October). With these rainfall events, 14 to 37% of the volume and 18 to 49% of the peak streamflow was attributable to event water. Further, end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA), using δ18O, Si, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), showed that saturated areas accounted for 2 to 24% of the total volume and 4 to 59% of peak streamflow but that groundwater was the dominant source of runoff volume during all events. Field surveys of saturated areas also suggested that near‐stream areas were insufficient to generate the observed stream chemistry during rainfall events larger than 8 mm. A connection with the hillside saturated areas was therefore required to explain the results of the hydrograph separations, which were corroborated by the timing of the transient (perched) groundwater and overland flow. The hydrometric measurements confirmed that hillside lateral preferential flow paths rapidly transported water to near‐stream saturation areas during runoff events under relatively dry antecedent conditions. A qualitative comparison with conventional techniques for distributing variable saturation areas (VSA) using surface topography and soil transmissivity (i.e., topographic index and soil topographic index), which do not consider the effects of lateral preferential flow paths, demonstrated that typical parameterizations (on the order of <10−1 m) would not have the spatial resolution to represent the measured lateral preferential flow paths (on the order of <10−3 m). Overall, the results suggest that the lateral redistribution of water from hillside areas reduces the influence of surface topography and channel topology on the sources of stream runoff, a finding that is consistent with recent ones from other landscapes where glacial soils have coevolved with the terrestrial hydrology.
Cation Exchange on Vadose Zone Research Park Subsurface Sediment, Idaho National Laboratory
Authors: Baker Leslie L. , Strawn Daniel G. , Smith Robert W.
Published: May 2010

The exchange of Sr2+, Mg2+, Na+, Li+, and NH4+for Ca2+on a sediment from the Vadose Zone Research Park at Idaho National Laboratory was characterized for use in modeling transport and remediation of the90Sr‐contaminated vadose zone at the nearby Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. Cation exchange was measured at ionic strengths of 0.1 and 0.005 and a range of cation compositions. The Sr–Ca exchange on this sediment is nonpreferential (Vanselow selectivity coefficientKV= 1), whereas in NH4–Ca exchange NH4is preferentially adsorbed (KV≫ 1). The data were modeled using the Vanselow, Rothmund–Kornfeld, and Gapon (KG) exchange coefficients. The Gapon coefficient was the least dependent on exchanger‐phase composition. TheKGvalues were incorporated into a geochemical software program that includes aqueous‐ and solid‐phase reactions. Modeled NH4+and Ca2+exchanger phase and solution composition were in good agreement with the experimental data at both ionic strengths.
Influence of pH, Temperature and Impurities on the Solubility of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
Authors: Estime Nicolas , Teychené Sébastien , Autret Jean-Marie , Biscans Béatrice
Published: May 2010

Solubility, which defines the liquid /solid equilibrium, is a key parameter to control a crystallization process. This work is focused on the effects of pH, temperature and impurities on the aqueous solubility of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API).As the API is a weak acid (pKa = 3.7), its solubility increases with the pH. On the basis of the experimental curve of solubility, a model was defined to fit the evolution of the solubility as a function of pH. In the case of this compound, studies revealed a weak influence of the temperature in comparison with the pH. So, the solubility of the compound is slightly impacted by the temperature.Some experiments were carried out in order to compare the solubility of the API, at the same pH and temperature, for different concentrations of impurities found in the process. The results revealed a solubility increase in presence of acetic acid and a high solubility decrease in presence of sodium chloride. By carrying out experiments on common ions salts, the anion chloride Cl- has been identified as the cause of the solubility decrease.
Position Auctions with Budgets: Existence and Uniqueness
Authors: Ashlagi Itai , Braverman Mark , Hassidim Avinatan , Lavi Ron , Tennenholtz Moshe
Published: May 2010

We design a Generalized Position Auction for players with private values and private budget constraints. Our mechanism is a careful modification of the Generalized English Auction of Edelman, Ostrovsky and Schwarz (2007). By enabling multiple price trajectories that ascent concurrently we are able to retrieve all the desired properties of the Generalized English Auction, that was not originally designed for players with budgets. In particular, the ex-post equilibrium outcome of our auction is Pareto-efficient and envy-free. Moreover, we show that any other position auction that satisfies these properties and does not make positive transfers must obtain in ex-post equilibrium the same outcome of our mechanism, for every tuple of distinct types. This uniqueness result holds even if the players' values are fixed and known to the seller, and only the budgets are private.
Individualism/collectivism: ImplicatIons for the volunteer process
Authors: Finkelstein Marcia A.
Published: May 2010

In the present study the constructs of individualism and collectivism were incorporated into a conceptual understanding of the volunteer process. The findings offer a broader perspective on volunteer antecedents and experiences and address an ongoing debate about the implications of
individualism and collectivism for volunteering. Collectivism was found to be more strongly related than was individualism to altruistic motivations and the desire to strengthen social ties. Collectivism, but not individualism, was found to be associated with the development of a volunteer
role identity. Individualism was most closely associated with career-related volunteer objectives. The results suggest that individualists and collectivists differ, not in their willingness to volunteer, but in why they choose to volunteer.
A comparison of individual and small-group instruction with simultaneous prompting for teaching the concept of color to children with a mental disability
Authors: Çiftçi Hale Dere , Temel Z. Fulya
Published: May 2010

In this study the aim was to examine the effectiveness of individual and small-group instruction with simultaneous prompting to teach the concept of color to 10 children aged between 4 and 12 years who had been assessed as being at a level of development between 37 and 48 months. The
single-subject research model of intersubject multiple probing was used. Data were gathered with a personal information form, the Gazi Early Childhood Development Assessment Tool (GECDAT; Temel, Ersoy, Avcı, & Turla, 2004), the Red/Yellow Color Concept Test (Alptekin, 2000), and
the Blue/Green Color Concept Assessment Form designed for this research. It was found that simultaneous prompting was effective in teaching the concept of color via either individual and small-group instruction since all the children performed at a similar level and were successful in learning
the colors.
Effects of missing a price promotion after purchasing on perceived price unfairness, negative emotions, and behavioral responses
Authors: Chen WeiWei , Tsai Dungchun , Chuang Han-Chia
Published: May 2010

In this study we sought to examine how consumers perceive price unfairness when they learn that they have missed a price promotion after making a purchase, and explore the accompanying negative emotions and behavioral responses. The promotions that consumers learn they have missed
could occur either before purchasing (i.e., prepurchase promotion) or after purchasing (i.e., postpurchase promotion). By conducting a 2 (attribution of responsibility: internal vs. external attribution) × 2 (time of the missed promotion: prepurchase vs. postpurchase promotion) experiment
with 202 participants, we found that greater perceived price unfairness (PPU) is generated when consumers attribute missing the promotion to the sellers' actions. Additionally, PPU is more likely to induce anger than disappointment and regret. The time of the missed promotion alters the impact
of PPU on regret. Lastly, consumers who experience high levels of anger and disappointment tend to complain and spread negative word of mouth while those who experience high regret tend to be inactive.
Body image satisfaction and dissatisfaction, social physique anxiety, self-esteem, and body fat ratio in female exercisers and nonexercisers
Authors: Koyuncu Mehmet , Tok Serdar , Canpolat A. Meliha , Catikkas Fatih
Published: May 2010

We aimed to determine the relationship between social physique anxiety (SPA), body image dissatisfaction (BID), self-esteem (SE), and body fat ratio (BFR) in female exercisers and nonexercisers. Participants included 290 female exercisers and nonexercisers ranging in age from 18 to
60 (M = 24.0, SD = 10.0). One-way ANOVA and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used to analyze data. Significant relationships were found between SPA, body image satisfaction (BIS), and SE. Differences between each group's SPA, BID, and SE scores were also
notable. It was concluded, therefore, that exercising behavior had a moderating effect on SPA, BIS, and SE.
Parameters Influencing Increase in Pulp Chamber Temperature with Light-curing Devices: Curing Lights and Pulpal Flow Rates
Authors: Park S-H. , Roulet J-F. , Heintze S. D.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

Because increase in temperature is related directly to light intensity and exposure time, curing devices with high power density (>1200 mW/cm2) should only be activated for a short time (<15 seconds), even in teeth without cavity preparation.
A Randomized Clinical Evaluation of a One- and Two-step Self-etch Adhesive Over 24 Months
Authors: Loguercio A. D. , Mânica D. , Ferneda F. , Zander-Grande C. , Amaral R. , Stanislawczuk R. , Carvalho R. M. , Manso A. , Reis A.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

The application of an extra hydrophobic bond layer over the self-etch adhesive system improved clinical performance over a 24-month period, mainly in terms of retention rate.
Effects of Blood Contamination on Microtensile Bond Strength to Dentin of Three Self-etch Adhesives
Authors: Chang S. W. , Cho B. H. , Lim R. Y. , Kyung S. H. , Park D. S. , Oh T. S. , Yoo H. M.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

When blood contamination occurs during dentin bonding with self-etch adhesives, blood contamination cannot be adequately removed by water rinsing alone.
Influence of Curing Mode and Time on Degree of Conversion of One Conventional and Two Self-adhesive Resin Cements
Authors: Aguiar T. R. , Francescantonio M. D. , Arrais C. A. G. , Ambrosano G. M. B. , Davanzo C. , Giannini M.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

Within the limited experimental conditions, self-adhesive cements provided a higher degree of conversion values when light-activated. In addition, the results showed that, after 15 minutes, the degree of conversion values increased for all materials in both activation modes.
Histology of Irreversible Pulpitis Premolars Treated with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Pulpotomy
Authors: Chueh L-H. , Chiang C-P.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

When caries and bacterial contamination can be mostly eliminated from the dentin-pulp complex, the inflamed pulp of a human permanent tooth with irreversible pulpitis may have a chance to return to a healthy and functional status after mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy.
Alternative Technique for Class V Resin Composite Restorations with Minimum Finishing/Polishing Procedures
Authors: Perez C. R.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

Class V restorations are a common challenge to clinicians. These restorations involve problems, including isolation, adhesion, insertion technique, finishing and polishing. In order to solve these problems, several techniques have been developed. This article describes a new technique for the restoration of Class V cavities, one that eliminates rubber dam isolation and avoids any contamination. If used properly, this technique also provides good cervical contour, reducing or eliminating finishing and polishing procedures.
Comparative In Vivo Study on the Desensitizing Efficacy of Dentin Desensitizers and One-bottle Self-etching Adhesives
Authors: Yu X. , Liang B. , Jin X. , Fu B. , Hannig M.
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance

Dentin desensitizers and one-bottle self-etching adhesives can significantly reduce dentin hypersensitivity. Clinical desensitizing effectiveness depends on the individual dentin desensitizers/adhesives used.
Assessment of laparoscopic skills before and after simulation training with a canine abdominal model
Authors: Fransson Boel A. , Ragle Claude A.
Published: May 2010

Objective—To determine whether scores for basic laparoscopic skills were significantly associated with extent of laparoscopic experience and compare basic laparoscopic skill scores obtained before and after 2 laparoscopic training sessions incorporating a canine abdominal model.

Design—Evaluation study.

Sample Population—8 experienced and 25 novice individuals.

Procedures—Novice participants were randomly assigned to control (n = 10) and training (15) groups. Individuals in the experienced and novice training groups were required to undergo 2 training sessions with a canine abdominal model. Basic laparoscopic skills were assessed twice on the basis of 3 tasks included in the McGill Inanimate Simulator for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills (MISTELS).

Results—For the novice training group, laparoscopic skills scores were significantly higher after training than before, but for individuals in the novice control group, scores did not differ significantly between the first and second assessments. The increase in score for the novice training group was significantly higher than increases for the experienced group and for the novice control group, but the increase in score for the experienced group was not significantly different from the increase in score for the novice control group.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that basic laparoscopic skills scores obtained with the MISTELS were associated with extent of laparoscopic experience and that training with a canine abdominal model could increase skills scores for individuals without previous laparoscopic experience.
Use of stored equine colostrum for the treatment of foals perceived to be at risk for failure of transfer of passive immunity
Authors: Nath Laura C. , Anderson Garry A. , Savage Catherine J. , McKinnon Angus O.
Published: May 2010

Objective—To assess the use of stored equine colostrum for the treatment of foals perceived to be at risk for failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI).

Design—Cohort study.

Animals—232 Thoroughbred foals and 191 Thoroughbred mares (41 mares gave birth to 1 foal on 2 occasions).

Procedures—Postpartum, presuckle colostrum samples were collected from mares; samples with a colostral refractive index (cRI) ≥ 23% were frozen (−20°C [–4°F]) and stored for ≥ 7 days but < 2 years. Foals of dams that produced colostrum with a cRI value < 20% were treated with ≥ 300 mL of stored colostrum that was thawed and administered via nasogastric tube on 1 to 4 occasions within 6 hours after parturition. Serum samples were obtained from colostrum-treated and nontreated foals 24 hours after treatment or suckling, respectively, for determination of serum IgG (sIgG) concentration.

Results—8 foals and their respective dams were excluded from the analyses. For the remaining 30 treated and 194 nontreated foals, mean ± SD sIgG concentration was 1,597 ± 574 mg/dL. Thirteen (5.8%) foals had sIgG concentrations < 800 mg/dL, of which 1 (0.4%) had an sIgG concentration < 400 mg/dL. Nine of these foals had suckled mares producing colostrum with a cRI value ≥ 20%, and 2 foals had been treated with stored colostrum.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with stored colostrum appeared to be effective for prevention of FTPI in at-risk foals. However, foals were still at risk for FTPI despite suckling of or treatment with colostrum with adequate cRI values.
Comparison of the effects of intravenous administration of isotonic and hypertonic sodium bicarbonate solutions on venous acid-base status in dehydrated calves with strong ion acidosis
Authors: Coskun Alparslan , Sen Ismail , Guzelbektes Hasan , Ok Mahmut , Turgut Kursat , Canikli Sebnem
Published: May 2010

Objective—To compare the effects of IV administration of isotonic (1.3%) and hypertonic (8.4%) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solutions on acid-base status in dehydrated calves with strong ion (metabolic) acidosis.

Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals—50 calves with diarrhea and severe dehydration.

Procedures—Calves were randomly assigned to receive isotonic NaHCO3 solution (65 mL/kg [29.5 mL/lb], IV) over 3 hours (n = 30) or hypertonic NaHCO3 solution (10 mL/kg [4.5 mL/lb], IV) over 20 minutes (20). Blood samples were collected at 0 hours (immediately prior to solution administration) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours after administration began. Samples were submitted for blood gas analysis, serum biochemical analysis, and determination of blood Na+, K+, and Cl− concentrations and percentage change in plasma volume.

Results—Calves that received isotonic NaHCO3 solution had an increase in venous blood pH, HCO3 concentration, and base excess; a small, transient increase in Po2; and no change in Pco2 within 4 hours after administration began. Calves that received hypertonic NaHCO3 solution had an immediate increase in venous blood pH, HCO3 concentration, and base excess; a small, transient increase Pco2; and no change in Po2 within 0.5 hours after treatment began. Plasma volume increased to a greater extent following administration of isotonic solution than after administration of hypertonic solution.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of 8.4% NaHCO3 solution in small volumes provided fast and effective improvement of severe acid-base abnormalities in calves with severe strong ion acidosis but did not improve hydration status as well as administration of a larger volume of isotonic NaHCO3 solution.
Effects of anesthesia and surgery on serial blood gas values and lactate concentrations in yellow perch (Perca flavescens), walleye pike (Sander vitreus), and koi (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Hanley Christopher S. , Clyde Victoria L. , Wallace Roberta S. , Paul-Murphy Joanne , Patterson Tamatha A. , Keuler Nicholas S. , Sladky Kurt K.
Published: May 2010

Objective—To evaluate serial blood gas values and lactate concentrations in 3 fish species undergoing surgery and to compare blood lactate concentrations between fish that survived and those that died during the short-term postoperative period.

Design—Prospective cohort study.

Animals—10 yellow perch, 5 walleye pike, and 8 koi.

Procedures—Blood samples were collected from each fish at 3 time points: before anesthesia, during anesthesia, and immediately after surgery. Blood gas values and blood lactate concentrations were measured. Fish were monitored for 2 weeks postoperatively.

Results—All walleye and koi survived, but 2 perch died. Blood pH significantly decreased in perch from before to during anesthesia, but increased back to preanesthesia baseline values after surgery. Blood Pco2 decreased significantly in perch from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery, and also from during anesthesia to immediately after surgery, whereas blood Pco2 decreased significantly in koi from before to during anesthesia. Blood Po2 increased significantly in both perch and koi from before to during anesthesia, and also in koi from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery. For all 3 species, blood lactate concentrations increased significantly from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery. Blood lactate concentration (mean ± SD) immediately after surgery for the 8 surviving perch was 6.06 ± 1.47 mmol/L, which was significantly lower than blood lactate concentrations in the 2 nonsurviving perch (10.58 and 10.72 mmol/L).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—High blood lactate concentrations following surgery in fish may be predictive of a poor short-term postoperative survival rate.
Is the Supply of Mathematics and Science Teachers Sufficient?
Authors: Ingersoll Richard M. , Perda David
Published: May 2010

This study seeks to empirically ground the debate over mathematics and science teacher shortages and evaluate the extent to which there is, or is not, sufficient supply of teachers in these fields. The authors’ analyses of nationally representative data from multiple sources show that math and science are the fields most difficult to staff, but the factors behind these problems are complex. There are multiple sources of new teachers; those with education degrees are a minor source compared to those with degrees in math and science and the reserve pool. Over the past two decades, graduation requirements, student course taking, and teacher retirements have all increased for math and science, yet the new supply has more than kept pace. However, when preretirement teacher attrition is factored in, there is a much tighter balance between supply and demand. Unlike fields such as English, for math and science, there is not a large cushion of new supply relative to losses—resulting in staffing problems in schools with higher turnover.
Correlation between cognitive impairment and cerebral hemodynamic disturbances on perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in European adults with moyamoya disease
Authors: Calviere Lionel , Catalaa Isabelle , Marlats Fabienne , Viguier Alain , Bonneville Fabrice , Cognard Christophe , Larrue Vincent
Published: May 2010

Object

Although cognitive impairment has been reported in adults with moyamoya disease (MMD), its relationship with cerebral hemodynamic disturbances has not been investigated. The aims of the present study were to confirm the presence of dysexecutive cognitive syndrome (DCS) in adults with MMD and to explore the relationship of DCS with frontal lobe perfusion as measured by perfusion MR imaging.

Methods

Cerebral blood volume (CBV) ratio and mean transit time delay were measured in frontal and temporoparietal regions using the cerebellum as a reference region in 10 European adults with MMD. In addition, the authors calculated the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) using the CBV ratio and the acetazolamide challenge. All patients underwent a standardized neuropsychological assessment test battery. The authors defined DCS as an impairment shown on 3 tests or more of executive function.

Results

The authors found DCS in 6 patients. The frontal CVR was lower in patients with DCS than in patients without DCS (mean ± SD: −13.5 ± 13.2% and 20.3 ± 21.3%; p = 0.019, Mann-Whitney U-test). Other parameters of frontal perfusion and temporoparietal CVR were not correlated with DCS.

Conclusions

The authors' findings suggest that DCS is common in European adults with MMD and may be related to frontal perfusion impairment.
Temozolomide-induced inhibition of pituitary adenoma cells
Authors: Sheehan Jason , Rainey Jessica , Nguyen James , Grimsdale Ruthie , Han Shaojie
Published: May 2010

Object

Aggressive pituitary adenomas frequently require multimodality treatment including pituitary-suppressive medications, microsurgery, and radiation therapy or radiosurgery. The effectiveness of temozolomide in terms of growth suppression and decreased hormonal production is evaluated.

Methods

Three pituitary adenoma cell lines—MMQ, GH3, and AtT20—were used. A dose escalation of temozolomide was performed for each cell line, and inhibition of cell proliferation was assessed using an MTT assay. Concentrations of temozolomide that produced statistically significant inhibition of cell proliferation for each cell type were identified. Extent of apoptosis for each selected temozolomide concentration was studied using TUNEL staining. The effect of temozolomide on prolactin secretion in MMQ and GH3 cells was also measured via ELISA.

Results

Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was noted for MMQ and GH3 cells at a concentration of 250 μM temozolomide. The AtT20 cells demonstrated statistically significant cell inhibition at a concentration of only 50 μM temozolomide (p < 0.05). Apoptosis significantly increased in all cell lines in as little as 24 hours of incubation at the respective temozolomide concentrations (p < 0.05). Prolactin secretion in the prolactin secreting MMQ and GH3 cell lines was inhibited by 250 μM temozolomide.

Conclusions

Temozolomide inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in aggressive pituitary adenoma cells. A reduction in hormonal secretion in prolactinoma cells was also afforded by temozolomide. Temozolomide may prove useful in the multimodality management of aggressive pituitary adenomas.
Colonoscopic Findings and Histological Changes in Patients Suffering from Ankylosing Spondylitis with Normal Bowel Habit
Authors: Chowdhury MM Hoque , Alim MKP Abdul , Harun Or Rashid M , Kamal M , Mahmood Iftekhar , Rahman Mohammad Khalilur , Khan MH Mahbubur Rahman
Published: May 2010

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a form of spondyloarthropathies characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints of axial skeleton, manifested clinically by pain and progressive stiffening of spine. It is evidenced that sero-negative spondyloarthropathies are closely related with gut inflammatory lesions. This inflammatory gut lesions may be clinically silent or with abnormal bowel symptoms. This observational study was done with an intension to see the inflammatory gut lesions in ankylosing spondylitis patients having normal bowel habit. In this study thirty eight ankylosing spondylitis patients were selected by New York revised criteria having normal bowel habit. All patients were subjected to full colonoscopy with biopsy. Only 7.89% patient showed macroscopic abnormalities (Grade-1 & 2) and 15.87 % had microscopic non-granulomatous inflammatory lesion of grade1 &2 on biopsy. This study concluded that gut inflammatory lesions in ankylosing spondylitis patients with normal bowel habit is not remarkable. So before making concrete opinion, further large sized comparable study with & without bowel symptoms can be warranted. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5012 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 01-04
Clinical Profile of Patients with Mitral Stenosis: A Study of 100 Cases in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Islam AKM Monwarul , Haque M Zahirul , Hoque M Azizul , Mahmood Iftekhar , Islam M Fakrul , Azhar MA
Published: May 2010

The main objective of the study were to determine the common symptoms and signs, pattern of valve lesion and complications of mitral valvular disease in our population. Fifty patients of mitral valvular disease of rheumatic origin were evaluated in the Departments of Medicine and Cardiology of Rajshahi Medical college Hospital, Rajshahi. Breathlessness was the commonest symptom followed by palpitation, cough and fatigue. Commonly encountered signs of mitral valvular disease were tapping apex beat, loud first heart sound and diastolic murmur at mitral area. The signs of pulmonary hypertension were present in the majority of the patients at presentation. Atrial fibrillation was also quite common, though only a few having thromboembolic manifestations. Majority of the patients suffering from mitral valvular disease are poor. A number of patients receive the treatment of bronchial asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis for dyspnoea and haemoptysis respectively before the diagnosis of valvular heart disease is made. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5028 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 101-105
Medico Legal Aspect of Rape
Authors: Saha K Prosad , Rahman Monsur , Mahmud Shohel , Monsur Abul , Chakrabarty PK
Published: May 2010

Rape is a serious sexual offence having social, psychological, physical and legal aspects of the problem. This study tried to evaluate the different aspects of profile of victims of rape cases. 76 rape victims were included in the study who attended in Forensic Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College & Comilla Medical College for medico legal examination in the year 2006. Commonest age group of the rape victims were 16-20 years (55.26%). Getting sexual gratification was the main motive in most of the cases (73.68%), other motives were forceful marriage (6.58%), defamation (2.63%), etc. Unmarried girls (71.05%), low socio-economic back ground-poor (82.89%) and illiterate females (82.89%) were the main victim of rape. Improvement of socio economic condition and literacy may be effective weapons to fight against this problem of our country. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5030 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 111-114
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Occurring Together- A Case Report
Authors: Alam ABMS , Hoque MA , Haque MZ , Rahman ASMM , Ahamed F
Published: May 2010

We report a case of middle aged man who presented with inflammatory low back pain with restriction of movement and enthesopathy. Later on the developed inflammatory pain affecting small and large joints of upper and lower limbs associated with morning stiffness with deformities. There is also positive family history. So, though the incidence is very rare the co-existence of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis in this case would be a possibility. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5040 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 144-146
Modernism as Degeneracy: Schoenberg's Moses und Aron
Authors: Begam Richard
Published: May 2010

Richard Begam's essay considers Arnold Schoenberg's “Moses und Aron” (1932) as an extended response to the National Socialist discourse on ‘entartete Musik’ or ‘degenerate music.’ For Begam, Schoenberg asserts that moral degeneracy results not from the rejection of mimesis but precisely from its opposite: the fetishistic and idolatrous worship of the image.
‘Muddying the Wells’: Modernist Literary Instincts and the Operatic Ideal
Authors: Morra Irene
Published: May 2010

Irene Morra shows how the conflict between words and music that was contested in “Billy Budd” can be extended to almost all modern British opera. Morra argues persuasively that a number of modernist writers came to view the libretto “as an alternative literary genre, one that would allow for the expression of literary ideals of musicality”.
Baudelaire's “Dark Zone”: The Poème en Prose As Social Hieroglyph; or The Beginning and the End of Commodity Aesthetics
Authors: Halpern Rob
Published: May 2010

Lyric poetry collides with the prose of history in Baudelaire's Petits poèmes en prose (1869), one of modernité's inaugural aesthetic projects. While the “prose poem” persists today with its own canons, anthologies, and journals, Baudelaire's poème en prose remains irreducible to the genre it is typically said to have originated. This essay makes a case for the generic singularity of Baudelaire's poème en prose by way of Paul de Man and Theodor Adorno, whose oblique references to Baudelaire's innovation are rich in unexamined implications, implications which illuminate the work of both theorists as much as they help us to understand the stakes of Baudelaire's prosaic experiment. The essay goes on to argue that modern lyric's rarefied aim for an autonomy beyond language's referential function persists critically, albeit paradoxically, in the seeming transparency of the Petits poèmes en prose, where poem and commodity collapse in an internal identification, while maintaining the distinctions of external disparities.
“The Striving”: Eliot's Difficult Ethics
Authors: Coats Jason M.
Published: May 2010

Responding to the new modernist studies' attempts to interrogate the boundaries between high and low cultural artifacts, this essay historicizes T. S. Eliot's cultural prose, including his Criterion commentaries and longer works, to argue for his interventionism. Although recent studies continue Raymond Williams's assessment in Culture and Society that the impossible implementation of Eliot's organicist cultural project speaks to his lack of systematic coherence, his emphasis on ethical rectitude over direct action does not necessarily indicate diffidence in his religious goals. Instead, the efficacy Eliot discovered within uncomfortable and difficult intellectual states is related to his cultural project, which banks its success on his prose's structural and thematic resemblance to religious mystery. Eliot's ethical priorities render his writings from protestations into transformative and conversional vehicles, providing the non-violent vehicle for the Christian Society he favors.
Minotaur in Manhattan: Nicolas Calas and the Fortunes of Surrealism
Authors: Kolocotroni Vassiliki
Published: May 2010

Nicolas Calas is at once a major and a minor figure: to the Greek observer, a bright star in the constellation of home-grown but fugitive Surrealist poets, with a decidedly international outlook, doyen of the Trotskyist left and prodigal son of the cultural diaspora; to the student of the twentieth-century avant gardes, Calas is a name from the archive, a cameo act, a distinctive figure in the ‘the last snapshot of the European intelligentsia’, as Walter Benjamin termed Surrealism. It is from the latter angle that this essay considers Calas, following his brief ascendancy as spokesperson for the ‘School of Paris’ in 1940s New York, as interlocutor of artists and poets such as William Carlos Williams, and proposes him as a representative of the heterogeneous, fundamentally foreign sensibility of radical modernism.
An Introduction to Clique Minimal Separator Decomposition
Authors: Berry Anne , Pogorelcnik Romain , Simonet Geneviève
Published: May 2010

This paper is a review which presents and explains the decomposition of graphs by clique minimal separators. The pace is leisurely, we give many examples and figures. Easy algorithms are provided to implement this decomposition. The historical and theoretical background is given, as well as sketches of proofs of the structural results involved.
Semantic Networks: Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Borge-Holthoefer Javier , Arenas Alex
Published: May 2010

During the last ten years several studies have appeared regarding language complexity. Research on this issue began soon after the burst of a new movement of interest and research in the study of complex networks, i.e., networks whose structure is irregular, complex and dynamically evolving in time. In the first years, network approach to language mostly focused on a very abstract and general overview of language complexity, and few of them studied how this complexity is actually embodied in humans or how it affects cognition. However research has slowly shifted from the language-oriented towards a more cognitive-oriented point of view. This review first offers a brief summary on the methodological and formal foundations of complex networks, then it attempts a general vision of research activity on language from a complex networks perspective, and specially highlights those efforts with cognitive-inspired aim.
A Choice Prediction Competition for Market Entry Games: An Introduction
Authors: Erev Ido , Ert Eyal , Roth Alvin
Published: May 2010

A choice prediction competition is organized that focuses on decisions from experience in market entry games (http://sites.google.com/site/gpredcomp/ and http://www.mdpi.com/si/games/predict-behavior/). The competition is based on two experiments: An estimation experiment, and a competition experiment. The two experiments use the same methods and subject pool, and examine games randomly selected from the same distribution. The current introductory paper presents the results of the estimation experiment, and clarifies the descriptive value of several baseline models. The experimental results reveal the robustness of eight behavioral tendencies that were documented in previous studies of market entry games and individual decisions from experience. The best baseline model (I-SAW) assumes reliance on small samples of experiences, and strong inertia when the recent results are not surprising. The competition experiment will be run in May 2010 (after the completion of this introduction), but they will not be revealed until September. To participate in the competition, researchers are asked to E-mail the organizers models (implemented in computer programs) that read the incentive structure as input, and derive the predicted behavior as an output. The submitted models will be ranked based on their prediction error. The winners of the competition will be invited to publish a paper that describes their model.
A Brief Review of Chelators for Radiolabeling Oligomers
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Liu Guozheng , Hnatowich Donald
Published: May 2010

The chemical modification of oligomers such as DNA, PNA, MORF, LNA to attach radionuclides for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy applications has become a field rich in innovation as older methods are improved and new methods are introduced. This review intends to provide a brief overview of several chelators currently in use for the labeling of oligomers with metallic radionuclides such as 99mTc, 111In and 188Re. While DNA and its analogs have been radiolabeled with important radionuclides of nonmetals such as 32P, 35S, 14C, 18F and 125I, the labeling methods for these isotopes involve covalent chemistry that is quite distinct from the coordinate-covalent chelation chemistry described herein. In this review, we provide a summary of the several chelators that have been covalently conjugated to oligomers for the purpose of radiolabeling with metallic radionuclides by chelation and including details on the conjugation, the choice of radionuclides and labeling methods.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Progress in Small Molecule Drug Development
Authors: Rao Praveen P. N. , Kabir Saad N. , Mohamed Tarek
Published: May 2010

Ever since the discovery of aspirin, small molecule therapeutics have been widely prescribed to treat inflammation and pain. Aspirin and several small molecule NSAIDs are known to inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2). Despite the success of NSAIDs to treat inflammatory disorders, the development of a clinically useful small molecule NSAIDs with decreased side effect profiles is an ongoing effort. The recent discovery and development of selective COX-2 inhibitors was a step toward this direction. Emerging trends are represented by the progress in the development of hybrid agents such as nitric oxide donor-NSAIDs (NO-NSAIDs) and dual COX/lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors. This review focuses on the recent advances in the rational design of small molecule NSAIDs in therapy.
Effect of Atmospheric Conditions on LIBS Spectra
Authors: Effenberger Andrew , Scott Jill
Published: May 2010

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is typically performed at ambient Earth atmospheric conditions. However, interest in LIBS in other atmospheric conditions has increased in recent years, especially for use in space exploration (e.g., Mars and Lunar) or to improve resolution for isotopic signatures. This review focuses on what has been reported about the performance of LIBS in reduced pressure environments as well as in various gases other than air.
Comparative Laser Spectroscopy Diagnostics for Ancient Metallic Artefacts Exposed to Environmental Pollution
Authors: Ciupiński Łukasz , Fortuna-Zaleśna Elżbieta , Garbacz Halina , Koss Andrzej , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof , Marczak Jan , Mróz Janusz , Onyszczuk Tomasz , Rycyk Antoni , Sarzyński Antoni , Skrzeczanowski Wojciech , Strzelec Marek , Zatorska Anna , Żukowska Grażyna
Published: May 2010

Metal artworks are subjected to corrosion and oxidation processes due to reactive agents present in the air, water and in the ground that these objects have been in contact with for hundreds of years. This is the case for archaeological metals that are recovered from excavation sites, as well as artefacts exposed to polluted air. Stabilization of the conservation state of these objects needs precise diagnostics of the accrued surface layers and identification of original, historical materials before further protective treatments, including safe laser cleaning of unwanted layers. This paper presents analyses of the chemical composition and stratigraphy of corrosion products with the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy. The discussion of the results is supported by material studies (SEM-EDS, XRF, ion-analyses). The tests were performed on several samples taken from original objects, including copper roofing from Wilanów Palace in Warsaw and Karol Poznański Palace in Łódź, bronze decorative figures from the Wilanów Palace gardens, and four archaeological examples of old jewellery (different copper alloys). Work has been performed as a part of the MATLAS project in the frames of EEA and Norway Grants (www.matlas.eu) and the results enable the comparison of the methodology and to elaborate the joint diagnostic procedures of the three project partner independent laboratories.
Ochratoxin A Producing Species in the Genus Penicillium
Authors: Cabañes Francisco Javier , Bragulat Maria Rosa , Castellá Gemma
Published: May 2010

Ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi are members of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Nowadays, there are about 20 species accepted as OTA producers, which are distributed in three phylogenetically related but distinct groups of aspergilli of the subgenus Circumdati and only in two species of the subgenus Penicillium. At the moment, P. verrucosum and P. nordicum are the only OTA producing species accepted in the genus Penicillium. However, during the last century, OTA producers in this genus were classified as P. viridicatum for many years. At present, only some OTA producing species are known to be a potential source of OTA contamination of cereals and certain common foods and beverages such as bread, beer, coffee, dried fruits, grape juice and wine among others. Penicillium verrucosum is the major producer of OTA in cereals such as wheat and barley in temperate and cold climates. Penicillium verrucosum and P. nordicum can be recovered from some dry-cured meat products and some cheeses.
Ochratoxin A in Moroccan Foods: Occurrence and Legislation
Authors: Zinedine Abdellah
Published: May 2010

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is secondary metabolite naturally produced in food and feed by toxigenic fungi, especially some Aspergillus species and Penicillium verucosum. OTA is one of the most studied mycotoxins and is of great interest due to its toxic effects on human and animals. OTA is produced in different food and feed matrices and contaminates a large range of base foods including cereals and derivatives, spices, dried fruits, wine and coffee, etc. Morocco, a North African country, has a climate characterized by high humidity and temperature, which probably favors the growth of molds. This contribution gives an overview of principal investigations about the presence of OTA in foods available in Morocco. Due to its toxicity, OTA presence is increasingly regulated worldwide, especially in countries of the European Union. However, up until now, no regulation limits were in force in Morocco, probably due to the ignorance of the health and economic problems resulting from OTA contamination. Finally, recommendations and future research directions are given required to assess the situation completely.
Host-Toxin Interactions Involving EspC and Pet, Two Serine Protease Autotransporters of the Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Navarro-Garcia Fernando , Sonnested Michael , Teter Ken
Published: May 2010

EspC and Pet are toxins secreted by the diarrheagenic enteropathogenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathotypes, respectively. Both toxins have a molecular mass around 110 kDa and belong to the same protein family called Serine Protease Autotransporters of the Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE). Furthermore, both toxins act within the cytosol of intoxicated epithelial cells to disrupt the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. This cytopathic and enterotoxic effect results from toxin cleavage of the actin-binding protein fodrin, although the two toxins recognize different cleavage sites on fodrin. EspC and Pet also have dramatically different mechanisms of entering the target cell which appear dependent upon the E. coli pathotype. In this review, we compare/contrast EspC and Pet in regards to their mode of delivery into the target cell, their effects on fodrin and the actin cytoskeleton, and their possible effects on the physiology of the intestinal epithelial cell.
Synthesis of fluorinated δ-lactams via cycloisomerization of gem-difluoropropargyl amides
Authors: Arimitsu Satoru , Hammond Gerald B
Published: May 2010

gem-Difluoro-1,7-enyne amides are suitable building blocks for the synthesis of difluorodihydropyridinones via a ring-closing metathesis reaction, and of 4,4-difluoro-3-oxoisoquinolines through a ring-closing metathesis–enyne metathesis tandem reaction. These products, in turn, undergo a Diels–Alder reaction to yield heterotricyclic systems in moderate to good yields.