bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Identification of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Family in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Identifies a Member Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis
Authors: Deng Jiao , Wang Lijuan , Damaris Rebecca Njeri , Zhao Jiali , Zhang Lan , Wang Tingting , Yang Chaojie , Huang Juan , Shi Taoxiong , Zhu Liwei , Meng Ziye , Cai Fang , Chen Qingfu
Published: August 2023

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) belongs to the family of Polygonaceae and is used as a multi-functional plant. R2R3-MYB transcription factors play a crucial part in plant growth and are involved in many biological processes where they regulate their internal environment. To date, there is no documented systematic research on the R2R3-MYB gene family in Tartary buckwheat. Here, domain features, chromosomal location, motif prediction, gene structure, cis-acting elements, as well as the expression pattern of R2R3-MYB transcription factors were analyzed comprehensively in Tartary buckwheat using a bioinformatic approach. Additionally, one R2R3-MYB gene was verified by transgenic Arabidopsis. Results indicate that a total of 152 R2R3-MYB genes were identified with special R2R3 domains and were distributed on 8 chromosomes of Tartary buckwheat. They were further classified into 25 sub-categories via phylogenetic analysis in terms of the R2R3-MYB gene family classification principles of Arabidopsis thaliana. This classification was further supported by analysis of exon–intron structure, motif, and cis-elements. Tandem and segmental duplication existed among the R2R3-MYB gene family of Tartary buckwheat, and there were 5, 8, 27, and 36 FtR2R3-MYB homologous genes, respectively, when comparing with Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Solanum melongena by synteny analysis. The expression pattern of FtR2R3-MYB genes in different tissue and under salt stress and different light condition showed that members had tissue-specific expression levels and that these members may play diverse functions in plant growth and adaptation to varying environments. In addition, one of the FtR2R3-MYB gene families, FtMYB43, a homologue of AtTT2, clustered with R2R3-MYB from other plant species, which were reported to be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin or proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. This gene was located in the nucleus, and had transcriptional activation activity, indicating that FtMYB43 may be a positive transcript factor of anthocyanin or proanthocyadin biosynthesis. Moreover, the function of FtMYB43 was further verified to improve the production of anthocyanin in transgenic Arabidopsis by overexpression, and qRT-PCR assay implied that FtMYB43 may regulate the expression levels of most structural genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis seedlings. These results provide more insights into the structure and function of the R2R3-MYB gene family and may accelerate the breeding of ornamental buckwheat cultivars.
Comparative Study of Bolting Adaptability between 60Co-Induced Rape and Its Original Material
Authors: Yan Wei , Tan Tailong , Chen Hao , Sun Haiyan , Hui Rongkui , Zhang Zhenqian
Published: August 2023

In southern China, the fresh shoots of rape are used as a high-quality seasonal vegetable owing to their pleasant taste. In this study, we investigated the taste and quality of fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai, which was derived from WH23 by 60Co mutation. WH23 was used as a control (CK). Physiological indexes, transcriptome analyses, and metabolomics analyses between Fanmingyoutai and CK were studied and the related key differential genes were identified. The results showed that the glucosinolate content of Fanmingyoutai seeds was 51.14% lower than that of CK, and the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C in the fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai were 2.1 times and 1.4 times higher, respectively, than CK. Using transcriptome analyses, we identified that the differential genes were involved in glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Metabolomics analyses demonstrated that the contents of sucrose and D-fructose in the fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai were 1.22 times and 1.15 times higher, respectively, than those in CK. Using qRT-PCR analyses, the expression of SWEET17, STP5, and GSL in the fresh shoots and leaves of Fanmingyoutai was two times higher than that in CK. SWEET17 (involved in sugar production and transport), STP5 (involved in monosaccharide transport), and GSL (involved in glucosinolate accumulation) may be the key functional genes. We concluded that the low glucosinolate content and high sucrose and D-fructose contents may be the main factors affecting the taste of fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai and CK; SWEET17, STP5, and GSL may be the key related genes. This research provides a reference for the breeding and molecular mechanisms of new edible rape varieties.
Effect of Phosphorylation Sites Mutations on the Subcellular Localization and Activity of AGPase Bt2 Subunit: Implications for Improved Starch Biosynthesis in Maize
Authors: Yu Guowu , Shoaib Noman , Yang Yang , Liu Lun , Mughal Nishbah , Mou Yuewei , Huang Yubi
Published: August 2023

ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a pivotal enzyme catalyzing the conversion of ATP and glucose-1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) to adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-Glc), thereby serving as a rate-limiting factor in starch biosynthesis in crops. Although previous investigations have suggested phosphorylation-based regulation of AGPase in maize, the explicit modulation mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. This research evaluated the effect of point mutations at phosphorylation sites (identified using iTRAQTM AB SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA) on the subcellular localization and activity of the AGPase small subunit Bt2, and its interaction with the large subunit Sh2, in maize. Despite the induction of point mutations, subcellular localization of the Bt2 subunit remained unaltered, primarily within the cytoplasm and nucleus. The interaction between Bt2 and Sh2 subunits continued, mainly in the chloroplast. Notably, an increase in AGPase activity was observed in the case of simulated phosphorylation point mutations, whereas dephosphorylation activity significantly diminished relative to the wild type. These findings demonstrate that point mutations do not affect the subcellular localization of the Bt2 subunit or its interaction with the Sh2 subunit, but substantially modulate AGPase activity. This study provides critical insights into the role of point mutations in enhancing AGPase activity, thus potentially accelerating the production of ADP-Glc, the primary substrate for starch synthesis, promising implications for improved starch biosynthesis in maize.
Mitigation of Salt Stress in Reaumuria soongarica Seedlings by Exogenous Ca2+ and NO Compound Treatment
Authors: Liu Zehua , Liu Hanghang , Tan Binbin , Wang Xidui , Chong Peifang
Published: August 2023

Soil salinization is a common abiotic stress that severely limits the growth of Reaumuria soongarica and reduces its application value. To better understand the response of R. soongarica to salt stress and the physiological mechanisms of exogenous Ca2+ and NO compound treatment in alleviating salt stress, the growth parameters, antioxidant system, carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen compound metabolism were compared on Days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 15 and 30. The results showed that salt stress could significantly reduce the plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights of aboveground and underground parts, as well as the relative water content, severely inhibiting the growth of R. soongarica seedlings. After Ca2+ and NO compound treatment, these growth parameters were significantly improved, and the harm caused by stress in R. soongarica was alleviated. Regarding the antioxidant system, the Ca2+ and NO compound treatment could significantly increase the activities of SOD, CAT, APX and GR, as well as the contents of ASA and GSH, which indicated that exogenous Ca2+ and NO could eliminate the accumulated active oxygen by increasing the activities of oxidoreductases and the content of nonenzymatic antioxidant substances, thereby improving the salt tolerance of R. soongarica. Regarding carbon metabolism, after Ca2+ and NO compound treatment, the soluble sugar and sucrose contents, as well as the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase, were significantly increased, which indicated that Ca2+ and NO compound treatment could maintain higher soluble sugar and sucrose contents in R. soongarica and reduce osmotic stress caused by salt treatment. Regarding nitrogen metabolism, the Ca2+ and NO compound treatment reduced the harm of salt stress by regulating the nitrogen compound contents and nitrogen compound-related enzyme activities, including increases in the NO3− content and NR, NiR, GS, GOGAT and GDH activities and a reduction in the NO2− content. The results of this study indicate that the inhibition of the growth and development of R. soongarica by salt stress can be alleviated by regulating the antioxidant system, carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen compound metabolism, which provides a theoretical basis for Ca2+ and NO compound treatment to improve plant salt tolerance.
An Interplay of Dryland and Wetland: Millet and Rice Cultivation at the Peiligang Site (8000–7600 BP) in the Middle Yellow River Valley, China
Authors: Wang Jiajing , He Yahui , Tang Yiyi , Liu Li , Li Yongqiang , Chen Xingcan , Gu Wanfa
Published: August 2023

The Peiligang culture (ca. 9000–7000 cal. BP) represents the first Neolithic settlements in the middle Yellow River Valley, marking the beginning of millet and rice farming in the region. While previous studies have focused primarily on identifying cultivated cereals, less attention has been given to plant harvesting and processing practices or environmental conditions. To address this gap, we present new phytolith data from the Peiligang site (8000–7600 cal. BP) to make three key contributions. First, we show that the Peiligang people utilized two microhabitats: hillslopes for dryland millet cultivation and alluvial plain for wetland resources. Second, we combine our findings with other archaeological evidence to reconstruct the environmental conditions of the Peiligang site, suggesting that it was a water-rich habitat. Finally, by analyzing phytolith remains of plant processing waste in middens, we reconstruct how people harvested and processed millets and rice at the site. This study sheds light on the plant-based subsistence strategies employed by the Peiligang people and offers insights into the environmental factors that contributed to the development of early farming in the middle Yellow River Valley.
Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Postsurgical Antimicrobial Agent in Periodontitis: A Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial
Authors: Plata Julio Cesar , Díaz-Báez David , Delgadillo Nathaly Andrea , Castillo Diana Marcela , Castillo Yormaris , Hurtado Claudia Patricia , Neuta Yineth , Calderón Justo Leonardo , Lafaurie Gloria Inés
Published: August 2023

Background: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an antimicrobial agent with high affinity to Gram-negative bacteria of the subgingival biofilm. It could have an equivalent or no inferiority effect to chlorhexidine (CHX) to avoid recolonization of these microorganisms after the post-surgical period. Objective: The objective is to compare the reduction of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), gain of clinical attachment level (CAL), and bacterial recolonization of periodontopathic microorganisms in subgingival biofilm at 7, 21, and 90 days after Open Flap Debridement (OFD) under two antimicrobial protocols: (A) HOCl 0.05% followed by HOCl 0.025% and (B) CHX 0.2%/CHX 0.12% used per 21 days without regular oral hygiene during the post-surgical period. Material and methods: A no-inferiority randomized controlled trial was carried out. Thirty-two patients were randomly divided to receive each antiplaque protocol after OFD in patients with periodontitis. Clinical indexes and bacterial recolonization were assessed using qPCR for up to 90 days. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, mixed effects models adjusted for treatment, time, and the Chi-squared/Fisher test. A no-inferiority analysis was also performed using the Hodges–Lehmann hypothesis test for non-inferiority. Results: HOCl was not inferior to CHX in reducing PI. Both groups showed a comparable reduction of recolonization for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Eubacterium nodatum. However, the HOCl protocol was non-inferior to the CHX protocol for Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomicetemcomitans. Conclusions: HOCl improved periodontal healing. HOCl showed an impact in reducing the recolonization of periodontopathic bacteria in the postoperative period.
Trends in Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Screening Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital over the 2018–2022 Period
Authors: Lemonnier Delphine , Machuel Marine , Obin Odile , Outurquin Gaëtan , Adjidé Crespin , Mullié Catherine
Published: August 2023

To assess the putative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria recovered from routine screening samples and, more globally, the trends in time to first positive screening sample and carriage duration of those bacteria in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital, data from laboratory results were retrospectively mined over the 2018–2022 period. No significant differences could be found in the number of positive patients or MDR isolates per year, time to positive screening, or carriage duration. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers were dominant throughout the studied period but their relative proportion decreased over time as well as that of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE) proportion increased. Among the 212 CPE isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the more frequent species but, beginning in 2020, a significant rise in Enterobacter cloacae complex and Citrobacter freundii occurred. OXA48 was identified as the leading carbapenemase and, in 2020, a peak in VIM-producing enterobacteria linked to an outbreak of E. cloacae complex during the COVID-19 pandemic was singled out. Finally, a worrisome rise in isolates producing multiple carbapenemases (NDM/VIM and mostly NDM/OXA48) was highlighted, especially in 2022, which could lead to therapeutic dead-ends if their dissemination is not controlled.
Rhythm and ROS: Hepatic Chronotherapeutic Features of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Treatment in Cafeteria Diet-Fed Rats
Authors: Cortés-Espinar Antonio J. , Ibarz-Blanch Néstor , Soliz-Rueda Jorge R. , Bonafos Béatrice , Feillet-Coudray Christine , Casas François , Bravo Francisca Isabel , Calvo Enrique , Ávila-Román Javier , Mulero Miquel
Published: August 2023

Polyphenols play a key role in the modulation of circadian rhythms, while the cafeteria diet (CAF) is able to perturb the hepatic biological rhythm and induce important ROS production. Consequently, we aimed to elucidate whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) administration recovers the CAF-induced hepatic antioxidant (AOX) misalignment and characterize the chronotherapeutic properties of GSPE. For this purpose, Fischer 344 rats were fed a standard diet (STD) or a CAF and concomitantly treated with GSPE at two time-points (ZT0 vs. ZT12). Animals were euthanized every 6 h and the diurnal rhythms of hepatic ROS-related biomarkers, hepatic metabolites, and AOX gene expression were examined. Interestingly, GSPE treatment was able to recover the diurnal rhythm lost due to the CAF. Moreover, GSPE treatment also increased the acrophase of Sod1, as well as bringing the peak closer to that of the STD group. GSPE also corrected some hepatic metabolites altered by the CAF. Importantly, the differences observed at ZT0 vs. ZT12 due to the time of GSPE administration highlight a chronotherapeutic profile on the proanthocyanin effect. Finally, GSPE could also reduce diet-induced hepatic oxidative stress not only by its ROS-scavenging properties but also by retraining the circadian rhythm of AOX enzymes.
Impact of Physical Exercise on Platelets: Focus on Its Effects in Metabolic Chronic Diseases
Authors: Barale Cristina , Melchionda Elena , Tempesta Giulia , Morotti Alessandro , Russo Isabella
Published: August 2023

Chronic disorders are strongly linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and it is unanimously accepted that regular exercise training is a key tool to improving CV risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Increased oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and their scavenging by endogenous antioxidant capacity is the common ground among these metabolic disorders, and each of them affects platelet function. However, the correction of hyperglycemia in diabetes and lipid profile in dyslipidemia as well as the lowering of body weight in obesity all correlate with amelioration of platelet function. Habitual physical exercise triggers important mechanisms related to the exercise benefits for health improvement and protects against CV events. Platelets play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development of arterial thrombosis, and physical (in)activity has been shown to interfere with platelet function. Although data reported by studies carried out on this topic show discrepancies, the current knowledge on platelet function affected by exercise mainly depends on the type of applied exercise intensity and whether acute or habitual, strenuous or moderate, thus suggesting that physical activity and exercise intensity may interfere with platelet function differently. Thus, this review is designed to cover the aspects of the relationship between physical exercise and vascular benefits, with an emphasis on the modulation of platelet function, especially in some metabolic diseases.
Unlocking the Antibiofilm Potential of Natural Compounds by Targeting the NADH:quinone Oxidoreductase WrbA
Authors: Ratti Alessandro , Fassi Enrico M. A. , Forlani Fabio , Zangrossi Maurizio , Mori Matteo , Cappitelli Francesca , Roda Gabriella , Villa Stefania , Villa Federica , Grazioso Giovanni
Published: August 2023

Biofilm-dwelling cells endure adverse conditions, including oxidative imbalances. The NADH:quinone oxidoreductase enzyme WrbA has a crucial role in the mechanism of action of antibiofilm molecules such as ellagic and salicylic acids. This study aimed to exploit the potential of the WrbA scaffold as a valuable target for identifying antibiofilm compounds at non-lethal concentrations. A three-dimensional computational model, based on the published WrbA structure, was used to screen natural compounds from a virtual library of 800,000 compounds. Fisetin, morin, purpurogallin, NZ028, and NZ034, along with the reference compound ellagic acid, were selected. The antibiofilm effect of the molecules was tested at non-lethal concentrations evaluating the cell-adhesion of wild-type and WrbA-deprived Escherichia coli strains through fluorochrome-based microplate assays. It was shown that, except for NZ028, all of the selected molecules exhibited notable antibiofilm effects. Purpurogallin and NZ034 showed excellent antibiofilm performances at the lowest concentration of 0.5 μM, in line with ellagic acid. The observed loss of activity and the level of reactive oxygen species in the mutant strain, along with the correlation with terms contributing to the ligand-binding free energy on WrbA, strongly indicates the WrbA-dependency of purpurogallin and NZ034. Overall, the molecular target WrbA was successfully employed to identify active compounds at non-lethal concentrations, thus revealing, for the first time, the antibiofilm efficacy of purpurogallin and NZ034.
Research on Operational Safety Risk Assessment Method for Long and Large Highway Tunnels Based on FAHP and SPA
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Qiu Rui , Chen Min , Xiao Shan
Published: August 2023

Compared to the construction phase, the assessment of tunnel safety risks during the operational stage has not been thoroughly conducted, and the related research work is relatively lagging. To deepen the research and application of theoretical methods for assessing operational tunnel safety risks, and to improve the level of hazard investigation and prevention in long and large highway tunnels, this paper establishes a tunnel section assessment index system from four perspectives: tunnel condition, traffic characteristics, operational environment, and operational management. A combined qualitative and quantitative approach is employed, and a practical classification standard for the indicators is proposed. Based on the traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy analysis theory, a new form of questionnaire survey, known as the expert system analysis method, is introduced to collect expert opinions. A novel approach for determining fuzzy numbers based on expert opinions is proposed. Consequently, a combined model for assessing operational tunnel safety risks in long and large highways is established by integrating the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Set Pair Analysis (SPA). This model effectively combines subjective weighting with objective evaluation, thereby enhancing the accuracy of operational tunnel safety risk assessment for long and large highways. The safety risks of three long and large tunnels within the G1523 Yongguan Expressway were assessed using the evaluation method proposed in this paper. A comparative analysis was conducted between the results obtained using the proposed Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Set Pair Analysis (SPA) method and the traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluation. The results indicate that the operational tunnel safety risk assessment method based on FAHP and SPA exhibits greater rationality and accuracy compared to the traditional AHP approach.
Simulation Analysis of Capacity Evaluation of Bus Stops under Connected and Automated Vehicles Environment
Authors: Li Rui , Yang Qiao , Qi Tianjing , Xue Xin
Published: August 2023

The application of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) technology has changed the operation characteristics of vehicles. Investigating the traffic capacity of bus stops under a CAVs environment can allocate traffic flow more reasonably, which is effective in alleviating traffic congestion. Therefore, this paper proposes a method that can be used to evaluate the traffic capacity of bus stops under a CAVs environment. First, two evaluation indexes, failure duration time (FD) and forced lane-changing rate (FLR) are proposed. Second, the simulation scheme with ten scenarios is determined, and simulation experiments are conducted. Then, the relationships between FD, FLR, and traffic flow under different penetration rates of CAVs are analyzed. Finally, the relationship models between FD, FLR, and traffic capacity are fitted to verify their validity for traffic capacity analysis. Additionally, a predictive model is proposed for estimating capacity under a CAVs environment using indicators from HV traffic flow. Results indicate that: (i) FD and FLR both positively correlate with capacity, and perform well in capacity evaluation of bus stops; (ii) FD and FLR can be utilized to predict the capacity under a CAVs environment; (iii) the higher the penetration rate of CAVs, the smaller the impact of the bus failure phenomenon and forced lane change on traffic flow.
Orthodontic Treatment in Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Compliance and Satisfaction: Pilot Study
Authors: Di Giorgio Gianni , Corridore Denise , Corvino Ida Carmen , Zumbo Giulia , Pranno Nicola , Vozza Iole , Polimeni Antonella , Bossù Maurizio
Published: August 2023

Background: Most children with ASD require orthodontic treatment to correct a malocclusion, to restore masticatory function, and for cosmetic reasons. The use of orthodontic devices, however, could lead to a distortion of the child’s routine, causing mood alterations, on the one hand, and a worsening of their oral hygiene status, on the other. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of orthodontic therapy on the daily management and level of collaboration of children with ASD determined using the Frankl scale. Materials and methods: An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 20 pairs of parents of children in which they were asked to evaluate any behavioral changes and/or difficulties encountered at the beginning of orthodontic treatment as well as their degree of satisfaction with the level of information received from medical personnel. Results: In about half of the sample, there were behavioral changes and difficulties in managing the treatment. Most of the responses received indicated parental satisfaction both with regard to the emotional impact on the children with respect to the introduction of the treatment and with regard to the attention received from the medical staff. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant increase (p = 0.001) in the Frankl scale score after treatment. Conclusions: Home management, which has always been the most difficult obstacle to overcome, with the support of a competent team can not only improve the quality of life of patients affected by ASD but also improve their collaboration and state of oral health without altering their emotionality.
A Visual User Interfaces for Constant Checking of Non-Invasive Physiological Parameters
Authors: Jelbeb Sara , Alzubi Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Objective: this study proposes the development of a wireless graphical interface with a monitoring system that allows for extensive integration with a variety of non-invasive devices. Method: an evaluation framework was created using ISO/IEC25012 parameters to evaluate each of the physiological parameters. Using an ISO standard as a framework to evaluate the quality of the results and analysis parameters such as consistency, accessibility, compressibility, and others, the Cayenne myDevices platform is used to develop a variety of IoT projects. Results: the successful prototype shows that the temperature sensor’s technical capabilities were found to be insufficient for accurately measuring a human’s body temperature, requiring a calibration algorithm. The Cayenne myDevices platform provides a web dashboard for continuous tracking and storage of physiological data. Blynk, an IoT-based application with a graphical user interface, enables real-time visualization and tracking of data from the server and the electronic prototype. Conclusion: findings concluded that free software tools such as Cayenne myDevices, the Blynk App, and Arduino enable integration and reduce the need for expensive applications. Electronic prototypes monitor parameters (e.g., temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation) were used to monitor COVID-19, cardiovascular, and diabetic patients during exercise. Successful prototypes used Max30100, Mlx90614 sensors, and Esp8266 microcontroller. To avoid giving the patient inaccurate results, the instruments must be carefully selected, so they were assessed to ensure a 95% effectiveness level.
Research on Dynamic Response of a Single-Tower Cable-Stayed Bridge with Successive Cable Breaks Based on a 3D Index
Authors: Chen Yongjian , Wang Song , Huang Kai , Zhong Jiwei , Cheng Hui
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the problem of cable breakage of an asymmetric single-tower cable-stayed bridge by taking a single-tower cable-stayed bridge that has been in operation for more than 20 years as an engineering example, a spatial finite element model that reflected the actual stress state of the structure was established and a method for solving the time point of cable breakage was proposed. The results show that the strength of the main girder, pylon and cable could meet the stress requirements of the vibration caused by successive cable breaks, and the maximum dynamic displacement of the main girder did not exceed the stiffness limit. Although the breakage of the stay cable caused the stress in the adjacent position and the corresponding position on the opposite side of the tower to increase sharply, the stress fluctuation in other positions was small. The fluctuation of the dynamic stress of the cable tower was relatively small, but the displacement of the tower top changed greatly. The dynamic response of the cables breaking in succession was less than that of simultaneous breaking, and the structural vibration caused by cable breaking was not as severe as that caused by simultaneous breaking.
Dimensional Tolerances in Mechanical Assemblies: A Cost-Based Optimization Approach
Authors: Umaras Eduardo , Barari Ahmad , Horikawa Oswaldo , Tsuzuki Marcos Sales Guerra
Published: August 2023

There is a widely accepted consensus that component manufacturing precision is directly correlated with improved functional performance. However, this increase in precision comes at the expense of higher manufacturing costs, resulting in a trade-off between quality and affordability. In light of this opposing behavior, low-cost products typically exhibit lower quality, whereas high-quality products tend to be more expensive. This study introduces a novel approach for optimizing the dimensional tolerances of mechanical assembly components, taking into account both their manufacturing requirements and the associated costs of non-quality. Furthermore, the method considers the functional constraints imposed by interrelated tolerance chains within the product. Instead of relying on an exact mathematical solution, the proposed solution employs a heuristic approach through a simple and flexible algorithm. This enables practical implementation, as different cost-tolerance functions can be selected based on specific requirements. To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed method, a concise review of the relevant literature in the field was conducted, allowing a comparison with other state-of-the-art approaches.
Effect of Alumina Nanoparticles on Lentil Seed Germination Using Biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: De Silva Yakdehige Sanath Kumara , Rajagopalan Uma Maheswari , Kadono Hirofumi
Published: August 2023

The industrial use of nanoparticles is rapidly increasing in agricultural products, and it causes numerous effects on plant growth and seed germination. There are limited studies about the uptake, accumulation, and effect of nanoparticles on plant growth. Moreover, there are no studies that have been able to measure the biological activity of seeds’ interiors under nanoparticle treatment prior to germination. Hence, in this study, the possible size-defendant effect of alumina nanoparticles on lentil (Lens culinaris) seed germination was monitored using biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) at an early stage before germination. bOCT is a non-contact, non-destructive, and non-invasive image modality developed by researchers to visualize internal biological activities in vivo. Previous studies by researchers using the technique have demonstrated its potential to observe the effect of different stimuli on seed germination at an early stage before germination occurs. In the present study, the possible size-defendant effect of 200 nm and 2000 nm alumina nanoparticles (AlNPs) on lentil seed germination was examined at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The results imply that the AlNPs could enhance lentil seed germination and seedling growth compared to control treatments, and the effect is more significant as the particle size decreases. This is believed to be due to the enhancement of energy metabolism under exposure to AlNPs.
Biodefoamer-Supported Activated Sludge System for the Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater
Authors: Dlangamandla Cynthia , Ntwampe Seteno K. O. , Basitere Moses , Chidi Boredi S. , Okeleye Benjamin I.
Published: August 2023

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) is laden with fats, oil, and grease (FOG), as well as proteins. As such, PSW promotes the proliferation of filamentous organisms, which cause foam formation. In this study, the production of biological defoamers (biodefoamers) uses a consortium with antagonistic properties, i.e., 1.39 L of wastewater/mL defoamers, as reported in our previous study, toward foam formers and their application in the treatment of PSW using a bench-scale activated sludge (AS)-supported treatment system consisting of an aeration and clarification tank. The foam produced was slimy, brown, and thick, suggesting the presence of Nocardia, Microthrix, and Type 1863 species in the PSW/AS wastewater treatment system. The bio (Bio-AS) and synthetic-defoamers (Syn-AS, positive control) supplementation, i.e., at 4% v/v in the PSW/AS primary treatment stage (aeration tank) operated over ten days, resulted in 94% and 98% FOG and protein removal for the biodefoamers, respectively, when compared to 50% and 92% for a synthetic defoamer, respectively. Similarly, the Bio-AS treatment achieved 85.4% COD removal, while a lowly 51% was observed for the Syn-AS PSW treatment regime. Overall, the biodefoamers performed vehemently compared to synthetic defoamers, improving the PSW/AS system’s performance. It was prudent to hypothesize that the biodefoamers might have had FOG solubilization attributes, an assertion that needs further research in future studies. It was concluded that Bio-AS was more efficient in the removal of FOG, proteins, TSS, and COD in comparison to Syn-AS and negative control without supplementation (CAS).
Caching Placement Optimization Strategy Based on Comprehensive Utility in Edge Computing
Authors: Liu Yanpei , Bin Yanru , Chen Ningning , Zhu Shuaijie
Published: August 2023

With the convergence of the Internet of Things, 5G, and artificial intelligence, limited network bandwidth and bursts of incoming service requests seem to be the most important factors affecting user experience. Therefore, caching technology was introduced. In this paper, a caching placement optimization strategy based on comprehensive utility (CPOSCU) in edge computing is proposed. Firstly, the strategy involves quantifying the placement factors of data blocks, which include the popularity of data blocks, the remaining validity ratio of data blocks, and the substitution rate of servers. By analyzing the characteristics of cache objects and servers, these placement factors are modeled to determine the cache value of data blocks. Then, the optimization problem for cache placement is quantified comprehensively based on the cache value of data blocks, data block retrieval costs, data block placement costs, and replacement costs. Finally, to break out of the partial optimal solution for cache placement, a penalty strategy is introduced, and an improved tabu search algorithm is used to find the best edge server placement for cached objects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed caching strategy enhances the cache service rate, reduces user request latency and system overhead, and enhances the user experience.
Blockchain-Based Licensed Spectrum Fair Distribution Method towards 6G-Envisioned Communications
Authors: Liu Mengjiang , Wu Qianhong , Hei Yiming , Li Dawei
Published: August 2023

Spectrum distribution is a classical licensed spectrum accessing method in mobile communication networks. The licensed idle spectrum resources are authorized and distributed from spectrum owners to mobile users. However, the exponential growth of user capacity brings excessive load pressure on the traditional centralized network architecture. With a lack of sufficient supervision and penalty measures, dishonest behaviors of spectrum owners and spectrum users will lead to an unfair status in the distribution process. As a result, the honest participants’ interest will be harmed. As an important supporting infrastructure of Internet of Things technology, 6G cannot completely follow the existing spectrum distribution method. Towards 6G network spectrum distribution, a blockchain-based licensed spectrum fair distribution method is proposed. A lightweight consensus mechanism named proof of trust (PoT) is applied to reduce computational power consumption and consensus time overhead. We deploy the method on the Ethereum test chain; a theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the fairness, effectiveness and security of the method.
Analysis of the Changes in the Mechanical Properties of the 3D Printed Polymer rPET-G with Different Types of Post-Processing Treatments
Authors: Lozrt Jaroslav , Votava Jiří , Henzl Radovan , Kumbár Vojtěch , Dostál Petr , Čupera Jiří
Published: August 2023

The paper deals with the actual topic of mechanical properties of 3D prints made from the polymer material rPET-G and its changes. Using this material in additive technology has great potential in the automotive industry. The research evaluates five different post-processing modifications of 3D prints from rPET-G (recycled polyethylene terephthalate-glycol) material produced by the Fused Filament Fabrication technology. The post-processing included the chemical smoothing of the samples using dichloromethane vapors and heat treatment in an annealing furnace. An epoxy resin, a synthetic coating, and a water-based coating were also applied. The standard was represented by samples without post-processing modifications, both in the form of recycled material and in the form of virgin PET-G. The texture of the samples was evaluated according to EN ISO 4287. Furthermore, the moisture absorption of the samples was evaluated using the gravimetric method according to EN ISO 62. The mechanical testing of the samples was carried out using a tensile test (EN ISO 527-2), a three-point bending test (EN ISO 178), impact strength (EN ISO 179-2), and a cupping test (EN ISO 1520). Degradation of the coatings took place using cyclic tests, which used a combination of exposure in a salt fog environment and in a climate chamber. The results of the experiments indicate that heat treatment appears to be a universal post-processing technology, as this method statistically improves not only the mechanical properties but also significantly reduces moisture absorption.
VulPathsFinder: A Static Method for Finding Vulnerable Paths in PHP Applications Based on CPG
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Tu Tengfei , Wang Cheng , Qin Sujuan
Published: August 2023

Today, as PHP application technology is becoming increasingly mature, the functions of modern multi-layer web applications are becoming more and more complete, and the complexity is also gradually increasing. While providing developers with various business functions and interfaces, multi-tier Web applications also successfully cover the details of application development. This type of web application adopts a unified entrance, many object-oriented codes are used, and features such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism bring challenges to vulnerability mining from the perspective of static analysis. A large amount of object-oriented code makes it impossible for a simple function name-matching method to build a complete call graph (CG), resulting in the inability to perform a comprehensive interprocedural analysis. At the same time, the encapsulation feature of the class makes the data hidden in the object attribute, and the vulnerability path cannot be obtained through the general data-flow analysis. In response to the above issues, we propose a vulnerability detection method that supports vulnerability detection for multi-layer web applications based on MVC (Model-View-Control) architecture. First, we improve the construction of the call graph and Code Property Graph (CPG). Then, based on the enhanced Code Property Graph, we propose a technique to support vulnerability detection for multi-layer web applications. Based on this approach, we implemented a prototype of VulPathsFinder, a security analysis tool extended from the PHP security analyzer Joern-PHP. Then, we select ten MVC based and ten non-MVC-based applications to form a test dataset and validate the effectiveness of VulPathsFinder based on this dataset. Experimental results show that, compared with currently available tools, VulPathsFinder can handle framework applications more effectively, build a complete code property map, and detect vulnerabilities in framework applications that existing tools cannot detect.
Temporomandibular Joint Space Changes in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Patients with Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Han Sung-Hoon , Park Jae Hyun , Seo Hye Young , Chae Jong-Moon
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate changes in the temporomandibular joint spaces (TMJSs) in skeletal Class III adult patients with orthognathic surgery using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images taken from 26 orthognathic surgery adult patients (15 females, 11 males, average 19.6 ± 2.8 years at pretreatment, range 15.8–26.8 years) with skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB < 1°) were used for this study. TMJSs (AS, anterior space; SS, superior space; PS, posterior space; MS, medial space; CS, central space; LS, lateral space) were measured at each stage of treatment (T0, pretreatment; T1, presurgery; T2, postsurgery; T3, posttreatment, and T4, retention) and were compared according to gender, side, vertical skeletal pattern, number of surgery sites, and amount of mandibular setback. At T0, TMJSs were significantly greater in SS than in AS and PS. The ratio of AS to SS to PS was 1.0 to 1.5 to 1.1. TMJSs were significantly greater in MS and CS than in LS. The ratio of MS to CS to LS was 1.0 to 1.0 to 0.8. All TMJSs in males were significantly greater than in females except in PS. TMJSs on the left side were significantly greater than on the right side only in PS. TMJSs were not significantly different depending on the SN-MP, number of surgery sites, and amount of setback. From T0 to T4, there were no significant changes in TMJSs or their ratios according to gender, side, sella to nasion (SN), mandibular plane (MP), number of surgery sites, and amount of setback. Exceptionally, at T4, SS and CS were significantly greater in the small amount of setback group than in the large amount of setback group. There were no statistical changes in TMJSs throughout all stages when skeletal Class III patients were treated with surgery.
A Novel Approach for Assessing the Performance of Offshore Ground Improvement in Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) Terminal Construction
Authors: Tunar Özcan Nazlı , Gokceoglu Candan
Published: August 2023

A floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) terminal has been planned to be constructed in Saros Bay (Türkiye). This study presents the ground improvement method using jet grouting to prevent the liquefaction of marine sediments in the project area. An approach for performance assessment of jet column construction is also discussed. The study site has a liquefiable ground level with a thickness changing between 2 m and 8 m. Jet grout columns with an 80 cm diameter were constructed under the sea level, which varied between 4 m and 18 m for ground improvement. The main issue is controlling the quality and performance of these jet columns. Therefore, a practical quality control procedure containing observational, mechanical, and geophysical methods for offshore grouting operations was proposed. The factor of safety values against liquefaction varied between 0.04 and 0.29 for natural conditions, while the minimum factor of safety after jet column constructions was obtained as 1.01. The results of the numerical analyses showed that the constructed terminal has sufficient performance against liquefaction. Consequently, the results of these methods have demonstrated that the jet grout applications performed by following this procedure are a suitable and effective improvement method for offshore soils.
The Laocoon Moment
Authors: Schröter Jens
Published: August 2023

Lessing’s Laokoon from 1766 is still an important text in the discussion on the borders between different arts and their media. Especially in the 20th century, texts were written that referred back to Lessing’s seminal text. One of the most important ones, which will receive a detailed discussion, is Clement Greenberg’s “Towards a Newer Laocoon”. The discussion will on the one hand start from the observation that drawing borders between different arts and their media has always had political implications. On the other hand, this discussion will be related to the transformation to digital media in the late 20th century. By reading Greenberg and discussing some examples from art, especially from the recent field of AI-generated imagery, the concept of “digital modernism” and its political implications will be introduced. The two main findings are as follows: Firstly, it might be problematic to construct a progression from medium-centered to multimedial art since both tendencies coexist in contemporary art. Secondly, the current situation once again points to the politics of drawing borders between different arts (and their respective media).
Analysis of a Fractional-Order Quadratic Functional Integro-Differential Equation with Nonlocal Fractional-Order Integro-Differential Condition
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed M. A. , Alhamali Antisar A. A. , Hamdallah Eman M. A.
Published: August 2023

Here, we center on the solvability of a fractional-order quadratic functional integro-differential equation with a nonlocal fractional-order integro-differential condition in the class of continuous functions. The maximal and minimal solutions will be discussed. The continuous dependence of the solutions on a few parameters will be examined. Finally, the problems of conjugate orders and integer orders, and some other problems and remarks will be discussed and presented.
Analysis of the Energy Efficiency of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for an Electric Vehicle
Authors: Mariasiu Florin , Kelemen Edmond A.
Published: August 2023

The large-scale introduction of electric vehicles into traffic has appeared as an immediate necessity to reduce the pollution caused by the transport sector. The major problem of replacing propulsion systems based on internal combustion engines with electric ones is the energy storage capacity of batteries, which defines the autonomy of the electric vehicle. Furthermore, considering the high cost of the battery, it is necessary to consider the implementation of command-and-control systems that extend the life of a battery for as long as possible. The topic covered in this article refers to the analysis by modeling and simulation of the efficiency of a hybrid energy storage system (battery–supercapacitor) adapted for an electric vehicle (e-Golf). Based on the simulations carried out, considering that the operating mode corresponds to the WLTP test cycle, the major conclusion was reached that the use of such a system leads to a decrease in energy consumption by 2.95% per 100 km. Simulations of the model were also carried out to obtain the variation in electricity consumption and vehicle autonomy depending on the number of passengers. Electricity consumption if the vehicle is equipped with a hybrid energy storage system increases by 0.67% on average for each passenger (of 75 kg) added and by 0.73% on average if the vehicle is not equipped with supercapacitors. Moreover, the use of the supercapacitor’s properties leads to the reduction in the peaks in energy taken/given by the battery with a direct effect on extending its life.