bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-city urban atmospheric greenhouse gas measurement data synthesis
Authors: Mitchell Logan E. , Lin John C. , Hutyra Lucy R. , Bowling David R. , Cohen Ronald C. , Davis Kenneth J. , DiGangi Elizabeth , Duren Riley M. , Ehleringer James R. , Fain Clayton , Falk Matthias , Guha Abhinav , Karion Anna , Keeling Ralph F. , Kim Jooil , Miles Natasha L. , Miller Charles E. , Newman Sally , Pataki Diane E. , Prinzivalli Steve , Ren Xinrong , Rice Andrew , Richardson Scott J. , Sargent Maryann , Stephens Britton B. , Turnbull Jocelyn C. , Verhulst Kristal R. , Vogel Felix , Weiss Ray F. , Whetstone James , Wofsy Steven C.
Published: June 2022

Urban regions emit a large fraction of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) that contribute to modern-day climate change. As such, a growing number of urban policymakers and stakeholders are adopting emission reduction targets and implementing policies to reach those targets. Over the past two decades research teams have established urban GHG monitoring networks to determine how much, where, and why a particular city emits GHGs, and to track changes in emissions over time. Coordination among these efforts has been limited, restricting the scope of analyses and insights. Here we present a harmonized data set synthesizing urban GHG observations from cities with monitoring networks across North America that will facilitate cross-city analyses and address scientific questions that are difficult to address in isolation.
Scale-free behavioral cascades and effective leadership in schooling fish
Authors: Múgica Julia , Torrents Jordi , Cristín Javier , Puy Andreu , Miguel M. Carmen , Pastor-Satorras Romualdo
Published: June 2022

Behavioral contagion and the presence of behavioral cascades are natural features in groups of animals showing collective motion, such as schooling fish or grazing herbivores. Here we study empirical behavioral cascades observed in fish schools defined as avalanches of consecutive large changes in the heading direction of the trajectory of fish. In terms of a minimum turning angle introduced to define a large change, avalanches are characterized by distributions of size and duration showing scale-free signatures, reminiscent of self-organized critical behavior. We observe that avalanches are generally triggered by a small number of fish, which act as effective leaders that induce large rearrangements of the group’s trajectory. This observation motivates the proposal of a simple model, based in the classical Vicsek model of collective motion, in which a given individual acts as a leader subject to random heading reorientations. The model reproduces qualitatively the empirical avalanche behavior observed in real schools, and hints towards a connection between effective leadership, long range interactions and avalanche behavior in collective movement.
A radiographic and physical analysis of factors affecting seat belt position in sitting car seat
Authors: Yamagata Hiroki , Nishida Norihiro , Izumiyama Tomohiro , Asahi Ryusuke , Koike Masahiro , Mihara Atsushi , Imajo Yasuaki , Suzuki Hidenori , Funaba Masahiro , Sugimoto Shigeru , Fukushima Masanobu , Sakai Takashi
Published: June 2022

The characteristic subcutaneous hemorrhage along the seat belt in motor vehicle accidents is called the seat belt sign (SBS). The risk of organ injuries is especially high when abdominal SBS is located above the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). The purpose of this study analyzed the physical and radiographic factors of healthy volunteers sit on car seat that affect initial position of abdominal seat belt, namely “lap belt”, related to the seat belt injury. This study was examined prospectively relation between physical characteristics of one hundred healthy volunteers and lap belt position sitting the car seat. Physical findings were clarified age, sex, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Radiographical findings were measured lumber lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), and initial lap belt position by marking with lead tape for the center and ASIS of the lap belt installed on the driver’s car seat. In the lateral X-ray image, we measured the horizontal distance (X-value) and vertical distance (Z-value) from the ASIS to the central marker. The lap belt angle was determined to measure the angle between the horizontal line and the straight line connecting the upper edges of the markers. Statistical analysis of the relationships between physical characteristics and radiological findings was performed. X-value and Z-value were positively correlated with body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, while the lap belt angle was negatively correlated with body weight, BMI, and waist circumference. The relationship between physical characteristics and the initial position of seat belt was analyzed. Since the lap belt is positioned higher than the ASIS in occupants with a high BMI, it is likely to cause seat belt injury. This analysis can help to develop safer seat belts and to enlighten car occupants.
Detailed analysis of habitat suitability curves for macroinvertebrates and functional feeding groups
Authors: Szałkiewicz Ewelina , Kałuża Tomasz , Grygoruk Mateusz
Published: June 2022

Environmental flows have primarily a practical purpose, being an important part of water management. Despite the widespread use of environmental flows, current studies rarely describe practical insights of the methods or consider environmental flows based on ecological traits, especially regarding macroinvertebrates. In addition to hydraulic parameters, the ecological traits may also indicate processes that drive the distribution of organisms. Nevertheless, so far the habitat suitability criteria for functional feeding groups, the most commonly used ecological trait for macroinvertebrates, have not been described. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of habitat suitability curves for the macroinvertebrate community and for FFGs. The criteria were determined based on data collected during two field campaigns (2018 and 2019) from the Flinta River, a lowland, dynamic, sandy stream located in western Poland. The method of habitat preference curves (HPCs) for flow velocities, depths and substrate was adopted. Before determining the final habitat suitability criteria, for all considered groups the habitat preference curves and habitat utilization curves were determined separately for the data collected in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that this step was key in developing the final habitat suitability criteria. Additionally, considering FFGs provided insight into the mechanisms that drove the distribution of organisms and resultant suitability.
Arctic Oscillation and Pacific-North American pattern dominated-modulation of fire danger and wildfire occurrence
Authors: Justino Flavio , Bromwich David H. , Schumacher Vanucia , daSilva Alex , Wang Sheng-Hung
Published: June 2022

Based on statistical analyses and Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Pacific-North American pattern (PNA) induced climate anomalies in the 2001–2020 interval, it has been found that these climate modes drastically influence the fire danger (PFIv2) in differing ways across coastal and inland regions. The AO induces higher fire risk in northern Eurasia and central North America, whereas the PNA increases the fire danger across southern Asia and western North America. Moreover, fires have been predominantly identified, up to 70%, during the positive phases of AO and PNA northward of 50°N, in particular over Alaska, Baltic States and eastern Asia. For coincident positive AO and negative PNA days, a large number of fires have been identified over northwestern North America and northern Eurasia. Spectral analyses demonstrate that weather anomalies related to AO and PNA lead fire danger by 10–20 days, and both modes are significantly correlated to PFIv2 over north America and most of Eurasia. Despite some drawbacks related to the fire danger methods currently applied (PFI and FWI), it is demonstrated that the influence of AO and PNA on potential environmental driven-fires can be anticipated, in some locations on almost 90% of days. Fire danger forecasts are urgently needed and the understanding of factors and conditions, which are able to modify the environmental susceptibility to fire development, are crucial for adequate management to reduce the harmful effects of fire. In this sense, our results reveal that a better prediction of the fire season can be achieved by advanced assessment of the PNA and AO behavior, and shed light on the need to investigate the impact of other modes of climate variability upon wildfire frequency and severity.
Electrocatalytic detection of ethanol and acetaldehyde by aminoxyl radicals: utilizing molecular catalysis for breath analysis
Authors: Mayer Mikayla N. , Rafiee Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Using molecular catalysis and functional group dependence reactivities of catalysts for breath analysis.
Delivery of enzalutamide via nanoparticles for effectively inhibiting prostate cancer progression
Authors: Gao Ze , Huang Jun , Xie Zhaoxiang , Xin Peikun , Huang Hao , Du Tao , Wu Jun , Huang Hai
Published: June 2022

An 8P4 nanocarrier has been developed to increase the enrichment of ENZ in tumors, reduce side effects and enhance antitumor efficacy.
Self-assembly of neutral platinum complexes controlled by thermal inputs
Authors: Yoshida Masaya , Hirao Takehiro , Haino Takeharu
Published: June 2022

The platinum complexes formed two different types of assemblies depending on the preparation temperature.
Multi-functional metal–organic frameworks for detection and removal of water pollutions
Authors: Li Yang , Pang Jiandong , Bu Xian-He
Published: June 2022

This feature article reviews the recent achievements in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as versatile advanced materials for multifunctional water treatment and prospects the current challenges and the future research trends.
Water vapour induced reversible switching between a 1-D coordination polymer and a 0-D aqua complex
Authors: Deng Min , Mukherjee Soumya , Liang Yu-Jie , Fang Xiao-Dan , Zhu Ai-Xin , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: June 2022

The nonporous 1D coordination polymer [Zn(3-tba)2] (1β) undergoes water vapour-induced transformation to the 0D aqua complex [Zn(3-tba)2(H2O)2] (2). This phase transformation enables 1β to selectively adsorb water over alcohols under ambient conditions.
Application of Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change films in flexible memory devices
Authors: Cao Liwen , Hu Yifeng , Gao Shiwei , Zhu Xiaoqin
Published: June 2022

The development of high-performance flexible memory materials is of great significance to today's rapidly growing Internet of Things market.
Single-atom site catalysts based on high specific surface area supports
Authors: Fu Ninghua , Liang Xiao , Li Zhi , Li Yadong
Published: June 2022

Single-atom site catalysts (SASCs) are characterized with atomically dispersed isolated metal active sites and theoretically 100% metal dispersion.
Rearrangement and decomposition pathways of bare and hydrogenated molybdenum oxysulfides in the gas phase
Authors: Pritzi Marco , Pascher Tobias F. , Grutza Marie-Luise , Kurz Philipp , Ončák Milan , Beyer Martin K.
Published: June 2022

Molybdenum oxysulfides are potent catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution under acidic conditions. Gas-phase model systems allow for an atomistic understanding of rearrangement, decomposition and hydrogen evolution reaction pathways.
Deep sea osmolytes in action: their effect on protein–ligand binding under high pressure stress
Authors: Kamali Armin , Jahmidi-Azizi Nisrine , Oliva Rosario , Winter Roland
Published: June 2022

The deep-sea osmolytes trimethylamine-N-oxide and glycine betaine are able to modulate the ligand binding process of proflavine with serum proteins and lead to an increase in the binding constant upon pressurization.
Hydrogen bonding with polonium
Authors: Tulsiyan Kiran Devi , Jena Subhrakant , Dutta Juhi , Biswal Himansu S.
Published: June 2022

Beyond atomic electronegativity: polonium can form hydrogen bonds even if its electronegativity is less than that of hydrogen. The X–H⋯Po H-bonds are dominated by dispersion and can have H-bond energy comparable to that of conventional H-bonds.
Nature of excited-state dependent hydrogen bonds and their critical role in determining the photophysical properties of aromatic thioketones
Authors: Fang Ye-Guang , Fang Wei-Hai
Published: June 2022

In this work, how the excited-state dependent hydrogen bond interactions control photophysical processes have been uncovered by electronic structure calculations for the five lowest-lying states of three aromatic thioketones and their isomers.
Decorporation of uranyl in kidneys using an engineered nanocomposite
Authors: Shi Cen , Wang Xiaomei , Sun Qiwen , Chen Lei , Guan Jingwen , He Linwei , Zhang Yijing , Xu Yujie , Cao Jianping , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao , Diwu Juan
Published: June 2022

A nanocomposite (COS-2LI-HOPO) is reported that can achieve decorporation of uranyl in kidneys and alleviation of oxidative stress with low cytotoxicity simultaneously.
Concurrent determination of U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm in clay systems at ultra-trace levels with accelerator mass spectrometry
Authors: Glückman Daniel , Quinto Francesca , Hain Karin , Joseph Claudia , Montoya Vanessa , Steier Peter , Geckeis Horst
Published: June 2022

The present study demonstrates the analytical capability of AMS in clay matrices by the concurrent determination of the actinide nuclides 233U, 237Np, 244Pu, 243Am, and 248Cm down to ≈0.07 fg per sample.
Controlled disassembly of azobenzene cellulose-based thin films using visible light
Authors: Edwards K. E. , Kim M. , Borchers T. H. , Barrett C. J.
Published: June 2022

Sodium cellulose sulfate was electrostatically cross-linked with bismarck brown Y photo-reversible azo dye from aqueous solution into a robust water-resistant thin film, which could then be re-solubilized back to starting components on irradiation.
Multifunctional Fe3O4/TiO2/NH2–UiO–66 with integrated interfacial features for favorable phosphate adsorption
Authors: Yang Liyu , Zhang Shangui , Shan Xiangcheng , Ha Chang-sik , An Qingda , Xiao Zuoyi , Wei Li , Zhai Shangru
Published: June 2022

Synergistic interface integration of ternary Fe3O4/TiO2/NH2–UiO–66, which possesses favourable thermal stability, pH adaptability, and efficient capability for phosphate capture from aqueous systems, was designed.
The modulation effect of an electron-rich guest on the luminescence of naphthalene diimide-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Fu Jia-Jia , Liu Teng , Shen Xianfu , Cheng Fei-Xiang
Published: June 2022

A series of host–guest MOF materials were successfully fabricated by virtue of donor–acceptor interactions, which exhibit color-tunable emissions in a wide wavelength range by rational selection of guest molecules.
Organic–inorganic hybrid phosphite-participating S-shaped penta-CeIII-incorporated tellurotungstate as an electrochemical enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor for β-d-glucose detection
Authors: Song Nizi , Li Yanzhou , Wang Yanying , Wang Menglu , Liu Mengling , Chen Lijuan , Zhao Junwei
Published: June 2022

An organic–inorganic hybrid phosphite-participating S-shaped penta-CeIII-incorporated tellurotungstate was synthesized and used as an electrochemical enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor for β-d-glucose detection.
Mechanochemistry-driven phase transformation of crystalline covalent triazine frameworks assisted by alkaline molten salts
Authors: Fan Juntian , Suo Xian , Wang Tao , Wang Zongyu , Do-Thanh Chi-Linh , Mahurin Shannon M. , Kobayashi Takeshi , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng
Published: June 2022

A mechanochemistry-driven procedure was developed to achieve phase transformation of crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) assisted by alkaline molten salts, generating high-quality CTF-1 material under ambient conditions.
Carbonate-based hyper-cross-linked polymers with pendant versatile electron-withdrawing functional groups for CO2adsorption and separation
Authors: Hou Shuangshuang , Hu Jiarui , Liang Xueting , Zhang Daohong , Tan Bien
Published: June 2022

The simple and highly efficient preparation of porous hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) with high surface area and manifold functionalities for high-performance CO2uptake and selective separation has drawn significant attention in the past decade.
Hybrid lanthanide-doped rattle-type thermometers for theranostics
Authors: Rijckaert Hannes , Mohanty Sonali , Verduijn Joost , Lederer Mirijam , Laforce Brecht , Vincze Laszlo , Skirtach Andre , Van Hecke Kristof , Kaczmarek Anna M.
Published: June 2022

We show that HPMO-inorganic rattles can serve as a vehicle for drug delivery and release together with thermometry potentially leading to a new generation of theranostic nanomaterials.
The evolution of the H2O maser emission in the accretion burst source G358.93−0.03
Authors: Bayandina O. S. , Brogan C. L. , Burns R. A. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Chibueze J. O. , van den Heever S. P. , Kurtz S. E. , MacLeod G. C. , Moscadelli L. , Sobolev A. M. , Sugiyama K. , Val’tts I. E. , Yonekura Y.
Published: June 2022

Context. The massive young stellar object (MYSO) G358.93−0.03-MM1 showed an extraordinary near-infrared- to (sub-)millimetre-dark and far-infrared-loud accretion burst, which is closely associated with flares of several class II methanol maser transitions, and, later, a 22 GHz water maser flare.

Aims. Water maser flares provide an invaluable insight into ejection events associated with accretion bursts. Although the short timescale of the 22 GHz water maser flare made it impossible to carry out a very long baseline interferometry observation, we could track it with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA).

Methods. The evolution of the spatial structure of the 22 GHz water masers and their association with the continuum sources in the region is studied with the VLA during two epochs, pre- and post-H2O maser flare.

Results. A drastic change in the distribution of the water masers is revealed: in contrast to the four maser groups detected during epoch I, only two newly formed clusters are detected during epoch II. The 22 GHz water masers associated with the bursting source MM1 changed in morphology and emission velocity extent.

Conclusions. Clear evidence of the influence of the accretion burst on the ejection from G358.93−0.03-MM1 is presented. The accretion event has also potentially affected a region with a radius of ∼2″ (∼13 500 AU at 6.75 kpc), suppressing water masers associated with other point sources in this region.
Optimizing impact strength of laminate hybrid interply composites made of epoxy reinforced by continuous carbon and natural fibers
Authors: Khamlichi Abdellatif , Mata Cabrera Francisco
Published: June 2022

In this work, low velocity impact resistance of laminated hybrid interply composites, made of epoxy matrix which is reinforced by continuous synthetic carbon and natural fibers, has been studied experimentally. Natural fibers included Ramie and Hemp which were used as reinforcement in composite plies according to various stacking sequences. The effect of fiber orientation was taken into account by varying the relative direction of fibers in plies. Optimal configuration of a hybrid interply composite was assessed as function of the desired impact strength and cost of fabrication. It was found that carbon-Ramie composite for which the impacted face is reinforced with carbon fibers achieves the best cost-effectiveness.
Effect of sensor shape on the equivalent impedance signature for the detection of defects using eddy current testing
Authors: Aoukili Abdeslam
Published: June 2022

Eddy current testing is widely used for non-destructive evaluation of electrically conductive materials. This technique was recognized to be quite sensitive to defects affecting the geometry of a part or its electromagnetic properties, such as inclusions, cracks or corrosion. It is easy to implement, sturdy in the context of industrial applications and relatively inexpensive. Due to the growing need for reliability, the development of new eddy current systems is required. This work was dedicated to the design of new shapes of probes with the aim to increase detection capability. The objective is to assess how probe design can improve imperfection presence signature in a tested specimen. The methodology used is based on finite element simulation of B-scan process and calculation of the equivalent impedance seen across the terminals of the probe. Monitoring variations of this impedance for both the flawless control case and that with the presence of a defect was performed. Seven different shapes of probes were studied. It was found that the signature associated to the variation undergone by the impedance depends hugely on the probe geometry.
Scanning Electron Microscopy examination of the surface of softwood attacked by fungus
Authors: Fellak Somia , Rafik Mourad , Haidara Hasnaa , Taybi Hanan , Boukir Abdellatif , Lhassani Abdelhadi
Published: June 2022

The morphological structure of the surface of four Cedrus atlantica softwood samples was monitored by scanning electron microscope. The obtained results have shown formation of cracks on the surface of samples with deterioration of the majority of cellulosic fibers. The alteration of wood structure and decomposition of carbohydrates exploited by scanning electron microscopy images could act as a confidential sign of an advanced stage of wood decay by biological attacks, leading upon time to the extinction of this natural wealth. It appeared that the studied samples were attacked by brown-rot fungus selectively decaying the cell wall of softwood materials. The scanning electron microscope morphological observation revealed that microfibril distribution was heterogeneous and dynamic contact angles increase significantly during exposure to the non-controlled environmental conditions.
Plus vive, plus nette : la microscopie STED du cerveau
Authors: Arizono Misa , Nägerl U. Valentin
Published: June 2022

La microscopie à super-résolution (SRM) désigne une nouvelle catégorie de techniques de microscopie optique qui permettent de surmonter la barrière de diffraction classique,- barrière qui a rendu difficile l’observation des structures et des activités qui constituent la base de la vie cellulaire biologique. La microscopie STED, qui est l'une des techniques SRM, a attiré l'attention des neurobiologistes, car elle permet de révéler la nanostructure des cellules cérébrales non seulement dans une boîte de Pétri, mais aussi à l'intérieur du tissu cérébral réel, voire dans le cerveau intact in vivo.
On diversification taking into account innovation activity and resource availability of regions
Authors: Afanasiev M.Yu. , Kudrov A.V. , Lysenkova M.A.
Published: June 2022

An approach to assessing the possibility of diversification of the regional economy based on the formation of recommendations for the development of sectors to the level of strong ones is presented. The approach is based on regression analysis using an extended economic basis, including characteristics of regional differentiation and innovation activity. On this basis, sectors can be identified, the development of which depends on the innovation activity of the regions. A condition is described that makes it possible to assess the sufficiency of the resource provision of the sector in the region for its development to the level of a strong one. As a result of the approbation of the proposed approach, 20 sectors have been identified, the volume of production of which depends on the innovative activity of the regions aimed at creating international patent applications. For the Construction sector, considered as an example, 11 regions have been identified in which this sector has sufficient resource provision for development to the level of a strong one. The possibility of turning this sector into a strong one in other regions may be associated with an increase in their innovation activity and government support.
Challenges to the economy during the Covid-19 pandemic and digital transformation
Authors: Madzhurova Blaga , Stoyanova Dobrinka , Raychev Stefan
Published: June 2022

The study focuses on the measures and policies implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic and analyses how effectiveness is in the EU compared to Bulgaria. The new reality is a serious challenge because the country is still dealing with the historical heritage and the challenges of the EU membership and the ERM II. Alternatively, the effect of the pandemic on the economy is analyzed in analogy with the 2008 global economic crisis, by comparing the dynamics of the main indicators during the two periods, of crisis and of pandemic. In this way, the influence of the pandemic on the economic system is objectively outlined not only through a change in the basic values of the indicators in a pre-pandemic order, but also through a comparison with another crisis period.
Analysis of the possibility of applying the concept of “HR Zero” by Belarusian organizations
Authors: Kalinouskaya Iryna
Published: June 2022

Digitalization of human resource management technologies represents the process of transformation of the traditional human resource management system through qualitative changes in its functions, achieved by combining information and communication technologies with the competencies of personnel of HR office, its processes and operations, allowing the use of personnel data in digital form, automate human resource management processes and operations that do not require managerial decisions, and introduce digital technologies in order to improve the working environment and working conditions, increase labor productivity, speed and quality of management decisions, which in general will have a positive impact on the effectiveness of the organization as a whole. These changes involve the transition of human resource management to the “HR 3.0” level and the application of the “HR Zero” concept the principle of organizing human resource management processes in the company, which allows automating key personnel procedures, delegating part of the functions of HR specialists to line managers and creating a flexible organizational environment. The purpose of the study was to establish the possibility of applying the concept of “HR Zero” in Belarusian organizations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: obtaining data and forming an empirical research base; analyzing changes in the skills of HR specialists; assessing the compliance of HR specialists’ competencies with labor market requirements; classifying competencies and analyzing the possibility of automating HR operations. During the research, the method of nonparametric analysis was used and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The analysis made it possible to conclude that at this stage the concept of “HR Zero” in Belarusian organizations is applicable in fragments, for individual operations, this is due to the specifics of the work of HR specialists and the requirements of the Belarusian labor market, as well as the general level of digitalization of domestic organizations.
Challenges of Applying Distance Technology to the Study of History (based on the results of a sociological survey of students in Togliatti)
Authors: Tsvetkova Irina , Evchenko Olga , Vasilyeva Svetlana
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the problems of distance learning. They are relevant due to the increase in the demand for continuing education, the development of teaching methods for humanities, particularly history. Distance learning in history is related to the task of shaping historical thinking. The purpose of the article is to study the attitude of university lecturers and students towards distance learning in history classes. The empirical basis of the article was the results of a sociological survey conducted among the students of Togliatti State University in 2021 (N=287).The analysis of the survey results shows that the students’ views on distance learning in history are divided. About half of the students are positive about this mode of study, and the other half are negative. There were more respondents among young males, as well as technical students, who described the history distance learning sessions positively. The students are attracted by the extensive use of Internet sources and visual materials. Among girls, as well as humanities students, there are more of those who have a negative attitude towards distance learning in history. The negative aspects are related to technical problems, as well as the lack of direct communication with the teacher. The respondents who do not have a high level of interest in studying history are more likely to express a positive attitude towards distance learning. In contrast, the respondents who are interested in history are more likely to have a negative attitude towards this form of training.
Electronic system for acquiring foreign language skills: mechanism for the formation of speech skills
Authors: Dadykin Aliaksei , Al-Masoodi Murtatha , Al-Subaih Amjed
Published: June 2022

The main goal in teaching a foreign language is the formation of a learner’s untranslated command of a new language. Even modern electronic technologies will not allow creating an effective system of teaching a new language if the principles of its functioning are not based on the fundamental mechanisms for the formation of speech skills. It is necessary to speak with full confidence about the need to introduce the student’s psyche into the educational process management control loop. It is this psycholinguistic approach that is the basis for creating an electronic system for acquiring foreign language skills. Its use will lead to a synergetic effect in the learning process and as a result accelerated creation of a new language zone in the minds of adult learners due to a sharp increase in the effectiveness of exercises by transforming grammatical information from verbal to graphic form. The main result today can be considered a conceptual solution to the problem of simultaneous interaction of the language system and the means of information and communication technologies that ensure the sustainable formation of foreign language thinking of adults in the process of developing professional and language skills presented at the system level.
Overview of some technologies for designing a task generator in higher mathematics for distance learning systems
Authors: Mukhanov S.A. , Mukhanova A.A. , Britvina V.V.
Published: June 2022

Successful teaching of mathematics to students is impossible without their independent performance of practical tasks, the compilation of which manually is very laborious. This article provides an overview of some technologies for designing task generators in higher mathematics, from the point of view of both those algorithms that can be used to generate tasks, and from the point of view of the technologies used to build the generator. There are also some options for implementing task generators: based on the Microsoft Office office suite, a Python program, an online JavaScript generator. In all the proposed variants of the generator, computer layout systems (or a translator) are responsible for translating mathematical formulas into a readable form TeX (or LaTeX). The generator based on the Microsoft Office suite uses such features of the office suite as random number generation, branching using the “IF” function of Excel and using the merge tool in Word. The proposed generator, written in Python, uses recursive functions to generate tasks on the topic “Derivative of a function” of various types. The generation of the type of tasks on the topic “Integrals” is carried out taking into account the selected canonical forms. The proposed online JavaScript generator uses similar concepts. The specified generator can be effectively integrated into the LMS MOODLE, which allows it to be used for building distance courses.
Analysis and modeling of the impact of restrictive measures on the development of the COVID-19 situation on the example of the Kaluga region
Authors: Tkachenko Alexey , Lavrentev Denis , Denisenko Maksim , Kuznetsova Valentina
Published: June 2022

At the time of writing, humanity’s struggle with coronavirus infection has been going on for almost 1.5 years, but the outcome is still unknown. The SARS-CoV-2 virus significantly affects the life of every person, which underlines the urgency of the problem. To combat COVID-19, the authorities of the region take many decisions to delay and slow down the growth of morbidity. This article is aimed at studying the impact of restrictive measures imposed by the authorities on the development of the situation with a new coronavirus infection. A computer prognostic model will be used to compare the effectiveness of each solution for new virus strains and outbreaks of morbidity. Based on the model, the results of the impact of decisions and methods taken by the authorities during the pandemic on the development of the morbidity situation will be analyzed. In order to obtain statistically important data on territorial parameters, the Kaluga region was chosen, taking into account the location near Moscow, where the disease manifests itself most vividly, due to the large number of residents.
Impaired Fasting Glucose in Pregnancy: Improved Perinatal Outcomes with Active Glycemic Management
Authors: Berglin Mendy , Anderson Meredith , Weintraub Miranda Ritterman , Navalta Stephanie , Hedderson Monique , Ferrara Assiamira , Greenberg Mara
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to assess the association between active glycemic management and large for gestational age (LGA) neonates and cesarean delivery (CD) among pregnant women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Study Design Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data of women with IFG who delivered at the Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2012 to 2017. IFG was defined as isolated fasting glucose ≥95 mg/dL. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or in whom GDM could not be ruled out were excluded. Baseline and treatment characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes were compared among women with IFG who participated in telephonic home glucose monitoring and glycemic management through a centralized standardized program (participants) with those who did not participate (nonparticipants). The relative risks (RRs) of perinatal complications associated with participation versus nonparticipation were estimated with Poisson's regression models.

Results We identified 1,584 women meeting inclusion criteria of whom 1,151 (72.7%) were participants and 433 (27.3%) were nonparticipants. There were no differences between groups in baseline characteristics or comorbidities, except for higher mean levels of fasting glucose (FG) at the time of IFG diagnosis in participants than in nonparticipants (98.9 vs. 98.0 mg/dL, p = 0.01). Participants received hypoglycemic medications more frequently than nonparticipants (68.2 vs. 0.9%, p < 0.01). The rate of LGA was significantly lower in participants compared with nonparticipants (19.1 vs. 25.0%, p = 0.01). After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, and level of FG impairment, the RR for LGA for participants compared with nonparticipants was 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55–0.84. The risk of CD did not differ significantly by participation status, in unadjusted or adjusted analyses.

Conclusion Active standardized glycemic management was associated with a decreased risk of LGA for women with IFG. This finding supports an active glycemic management strategy for patients with IFG during pregnancy to reduce the risk of LGA, similar to GDM management.

Key Points
A Quality Improvement Effort to Reduce Inpatient Opioid Consumption following Cesarean Delivery
Authors: McKenzie Christine P. , Straube Lacey , Webster Carolyn , Cobb Benjamin , Stuebe Alison
Published: June 2022

Objective The amount of opioid prescribed following cesarean delivery (CD) is commonly in excess of patients' needs. An additional concern in a breastfeeding mother is neonatal opioid exposure. A maximum daily dose of 30 mg of oxycodone is recommended in breastfeeding women. Inadequate pain control can inhibit breastfeeding, as well as other negative consequences. We aimed to evaluate the effect of reducing the as-needed opioid ordered following CD on inpatient opioid consumption and analgesia.

Study Design At our tertiary-care institution, our standard as-needed opioid order was reduced from oxycodone 5 to 10 mg every 4 hours to oxycodone 5 mg every 6 hours, in May 2019. Orders for scheduled acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were unchanged. We compared opioid use and pain scores before (February 2019–April 2019) and after (May 2019–July 2019) the order modification. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patients using >30 mg of oxycodone in the 24 hours prior to hospital discharge. We further assessed 48-hour opioid consumption and patient-reported verbal pain scores.

Results There were 559 patients who met inclusion criteria; 241 preintervention patients and 318 postintervention patients. In the preintervention group, 14.5% (35/241) used >30-mg oxycodone in the 24 hours before discharge, compared with 5.0% (16/318) after the order set change (relative risk [RR] = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19, 0.61; number needed to treat [NNT] = 10.5). There was no change in the proportion of women with one or more pain score >7 (preintervention: 44.4% [107/241], postintervention: 43.1% [137/318], p = 0.756) or >4 and ≤7 (preintervention: 36.9% [89/241], postintervention: 36.9% [125/318], p = 0.567), nor was there a change in mean pain score (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: preintervention = 2.8 ± 1.6 and postintervention = 2.7 ± 1.4, p = 0.464).

Conclusion Reducing the amount of opioid ordered after CD reduced the proportion of post-CD patients exceeding the maximum recommended daily oxycodone dose for breastfeeding women.

Key Points
Being a Mother under the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Evaluation of Perinatal Anxiety, Prenatal Attachment, and Maternal–Infant Attachment
Authors: Abbasoglu Aslihan , Varnali Hayriye , Tekindal Mustafa A. , Pala Halil G.
Published: June 2022

Objectives The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused both physical and emotional stress throughout the population due to its worldwide impact. The unknowns about the disease, social isolation, pregnant women's concerns regarding exposure to the COVID-19, inaccessibility to necessary care, and the possibility of harm to their fetus may cause increased psychological distress during the perinatal period. We aimed to evaluate the association between perinatal anxiety, prenatal attachment, and maternal–infant attachment status among women with those who delivered their child in a tertiary-care center with rigid hospital restrictions.

Study Design Term pregnant women who experienced the last trimester of their pregnancy during COVID-19 curfews between December 2020 and May 2021 were asked specifically about their concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic and they filled out the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). Those who continued the follow-up within a month of period following the delivery were invited to fill out the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI).

Results A total of 600 women completed the survey. While the evaluation of the relationship between participants' mean PAI and MAI scores showed a statistically significant positive correlation between scales (r = 0.124, p = 0.002), mean PAI and PASS scores showed a statistically significant negative correlation between scale scores (r = − 0.137, p = 0.001).

Conclusion Examining the factors, affecting the attachment process of pregnant and puerperal women, will guide the improvement of the quality of health services in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Points
The Rhytidectomy Scar: Analysis of Patient and Surgeon Perspectives
Authors: Kumar Anisha R. , Lu Guanning Nina , Lee Emerson , Kontis Theda C.
Published: June 2022

An understanding of patient preference is vital for surgeons to create outcomes that align with the goals of patients undergoing cosmetic surgery. This study analyzes the perception of the rhytidectomy scar from the perspective of cosmetic patients and surgeons. Cross-sectional surveys were administered in-person to cosmetic patients and online to facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons in the United States. Participants were presented with standardized lateral view photographs of preauricular scars for 10 patients at least 12 months post rhytidectomy procedure. A variety of rhytidectomy incisions were chosen to include pre- versus post-tragal incisions, blunted hair tuft, hypopigmentation, narrow versus wide scar healing. Participants were asked to rate the outcome of the preauricular rhytidectomy scar using the Likert scale from 1 to 10. Quantitative analysis indicates that while both surgeons and cosmetic patients viewed hypopigmented scars less favorably, surgeons were more concerned with pre-tragal incision and blunted hair tuft. Furthermore, the number of rhytidectomies performed by surgeons resulted in more critical analysis of the scars presented in this study. Qualitative analysis of the frequent use of “natural” in the patient comments suggests the importance of maintaining a sense of “normalcy” as well. In contrast, the surgeon comments are most frequently about the relationship between the scar and surrounding anatomical structures, suggesting a descriptive focus on the technicality of scar placement and subsequent anatomical result. Cosmetic patients are primarily concerned about scar appearance while surgeons are more focused on the technical orientation of the scar. An understanding and comparison of the language and perceptions of surgeons and cosmetic patients regarding rhytidectomy scars are vital in creating aesthetic results and managing patient expectations.
Beyond a trauma-informed approach and towards shame-sensitive practice
Authors: Dolezal Luna , Gibson Matthew
Published: June 2022

In this article, we outline and define for the first time the concept of shame-sensitivity and principles for shame-sensitive practice. We argue that shame-sensitive practice is essential for the trauma-informed approach. Experiences of trauma are widespread, and there exists a wealth of evidence directly correlating trauma to a range of poor social and health outcomes which incur substantial costs to individuals and to society. As such, trauma has been positioned as a significant public health issue which many argue necessitates a trauma-informed approach to health, care and social services along with public health. Shame is key emotional after effect of experiences of trauma, and an emerging literature argues that we may ‘have failed to see the obvious’ by neglecting to acknowledge the influence of shame on post-trauma states. We argue that the trauma-informed approach fails to adequately theorise and address shame, and that many of the aims of the trauma-informed are more effectively addressed through the concept and practice of shame-sensitivity. We begin by giving an overview of the trauma-informed paradigm, then consider shame as part of trauma, looking particularly at how shame manifests in post-trauma states in a chronic form. We explore how shame becomes a barrier to successful engagement with services, and finally conclude with a definition of the shame-sensitive concept and the principles for its practice.
Coexistence of different pinning mechanisms in Bi-2223 superconductor and its implications for using the material for high current applications
Authors: Ali Md. Arif , Banerjee S. S.
Published: June 2022

We investigate the pinning mechanism in polycrystalline samples of Bi-2223. Using the differential magneto-optical (DMO) imaging technique, we track the magnetic field penetration in our sample. DMO imaging studies show circular regions with an average diameter of 20 μm with dark contrast appearing at temperatures near Tc. We identify these as strong-pinning regions with a substantially higher local penetration field than the surrounding regions. A unique feature of these strong-pinning centers is that they survive high temperatures (near Tc) and produce a non-Gaussian distribution of the penetration field strength. Analysis of the magnetic field dependence of the pinning force shows two distinct pinning mechanisms: a predominantly surface pinning mechanism is active at low temperatures well below Tc, while at higher temperatures near Tc, there is a crossover into a purely δTc pinning. Our studies show that surface pinning effects are most likely related to grain alignment, grain boundary, and voids in the sample. The strong δTc pinning is related to local stoichiometric fluctuations in the sample. One can potentially exploit this for enhancing the high T and Jc values of superconductors. We investigate the impact of these pinning centers on the current distribution in a macroscopic Bi-2223 superconducting cylindrical tube. We map the current distribution using an array of hall sensors distributed around the cylinder. The map reveals a non-uniform current distribution across the tube at high currents. This study suggests an inhomogeneous distribution of strong-pinning centers across large length scales in superconductors which are used for current lead applications.
An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF): The integrated control subsystem
Authors: E Peng , Guan Jian , Ma Xun , Yang Xinglin , Feng Li , Cheng Jiangnan , Wan Jie , Li Hongtao , Zhao Juan , Ding Mingjun , Li Songjie , Li Liyi
Published: June 2022

The Space Plasma Environment Research Facility uses a coil system with the corresponding pulsed power supply (PPS) system to generate a very flexible magnetosphere-like magnetic configuration. Its purpose is to investigate the 3D asymmetric reconnection and the processes of trapping, acceleration, and transport of energetic charged particles restrained in a dipole magnetic field configuration, as well as the physical mechanism of the dipolarization front in the magnetotail. The control and monitoring function of the PPS system is realized by the integrated control subsystem, which adopts a two-layer network structure of the control layer and device layer and is developed based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System framework. The control layer includes a remote control system that consists of an engineer station and an operator station and the data storage system. Both the engineer station and operator station are developed by Control System Studio. The data storage system is based on the combination of the Hierarchical Data Format 5 database and MySQL database, and the data management software of the data storage system is developed based on LabVIEW. The synchronous trigger device, the safety interlocking device, the local controller of each set of PPS, and the module controller of each discharge module are the device layer. Their hardware is designed and developed based on the Field Programmable Gate Array, and their software is based on the Quartus II platform and programmed with the Verilog Hardware Description Language language. The function of the integrated control subsystem is verified by the discharge test of the PPS system.