bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Clinical Utility of Haptoglobin to Creatinine Ratio as a Test for Detecting Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mohammed IY , Busari AO , Ahmad MB
Published: July 2020

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of diabetic complications and end-stage renal disease worldwide, especially in Nigeria. This study assessed the clinical utility of urine Albumin to Creatinine ratio (UACR) and urine Haptoglobin to Creatinine ratio (UHCR) in detecting nephropathy among type 2 diabetic patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Eighty (80) type 2 diabetic patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital were recruited for this study after excluding those with overt proteinuria. Blood sample was collected for quantitative determination of serum creatinine using Jaffe's method while the Urine sample was received for quantitative determination of urine albumin and urine haptoglobin levels. Linear regression model revealed a unit change in urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and urine haptoglobin to creatinine ratio (UHCR) with a significant reduction in estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) by 2.197ml/min and 27.969 ml/min respectively (p<0.05) when used while logistic regression model demonstrated that UHCR have 91.7% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 98% positive predictive value and 79% negative predictive compared to UACR with 83.3% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 91% positive predictive and 60% negative predictive. Based on these findings, UHCR is a good marker for detecting nephropathy in diabetic patients.
Molecular Detection of Hepatitis C Virus amongst Patients in Five Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Iduh M U , Kuta F A , Abalaka M E , Shitu K O
Published: July 2020

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries worldwide. It is responsible for liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically-infected patients. This study therefore aimed to identify the strain of HCV among HCV seropositive subjects in Niger State. A total of 44 HCV seropositive blood samples which consisted of 27 males and 17 females were analyzed (after Viral RNA extraction) for the presence of HCV-RNA by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Nine (20.5%) of the samples were positive for HCV RNA. HCV-RNA positive samples were genotyped by direct sequencing at 5’UTR region genomes; sequences were aligned on MEGA 6.0 and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. HCV genotype 1b was the only one distributed among the participants. The findings are relevant as predictors for using antiviral therapy in this population because the response to treatment varies according to the genotype.
Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria
Authors: Damulak O D , Jatau E D , Ekam E , Rumji E , Yakubu R , Ogunbiyi B , Abdulrazak T , Chizoba G N
Published: July 2020

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.
Multi-disciplinary Approach in Management of Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in Resource-poor Setting in Sub-saharan Africa: A Case Report
Authors: Ojabo CO , Adekwu A , Ben-Ameh T
Published: July 2020

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon acute aggressive fungal infection occurring in several immunocompromised states including diabetes which is the most common predisposing factor. In this case report we present the clinical finding, therapeutic challenges and outcome in a 44 years old male type II diabetic patient. Patient first presented to the ortorhinolaryngologist with complaints of nasal discharge, postnasal drip, cough, hyposmia, facial pains, and intermittent nasal obstruction. He had bilateral intranasal antrostomy, upon X-ray confirmation of homogenious opacity of the left maxillary antrum and mucosal thickening of the right antrum. Fungal study of the specimen revealed mucormycosis. Six months later he presented with perception of light (PL) vision in the right eye and non-perception of light (NPL) in the left eye. There was mild lid edema in the right eye. There was marked proptosis associated with external ophthalmoplegia suggestive of orbital apex syndrome. The conjunctiva was keratinized and the cornea necrotic and opaque. The left eye enucleation and nasal exploration were done. The patient objected to taking amphotericn B, the drug of choice for this condition because of his previous adverse reaction experience to the drug. Posacornazole, the second line drug could not be assessed, posing a great therapeutic challenge in the effective management of this case. The patient was later referred for neurosurgical management but was reported to have died at a tertiary health facility in Abuja.
Role of Histopathological Analysis in Diagnosing Steroid Cell Tumour: A Case Report
Authors: Ohayi S R
Published: July 2020

Steroid cell tumour of the ovary is an extremely rare tumour. They are classified into three types with the commonest, the steroid cell tumour not otherwise specified (NOS) consisting approximately 60% of them. They occur mostly in middle age, are mostly benign and mostly cause virilising symptoms though a small proportion can present with oestrogenic effects. Diagnosis is based on presence of symptoms, presence of specific histopathological features with absence of certain histopathological features and positive specific immunostaining results. Here the author reports a case of a 42-year old woman with abdominal mass but without virilising symptoms but on whom a diagnosis of ovarian steroid cell tumour was reached by histopathological analysis which revealed presence of specific histopathological features with absence of certain histopathological features.
A Study of Patients who leave the Accident & Emergency Department against Medical Advice: An Eastern Nigeria Tertiary Institution Experience
Authors: Oguzie GC , Lasebikan O A , Chukwumam DOC , Oparaocha DC , Onyempka CJ , Lasebikan NN
Published: July 2020

The concept of patients leaving the Accident & Emergency Department against medical advice, Discharging Against Medical Advice (DAMA) or Signing Against Medical Advice (SAMA) is a common occurrence in our sub-region. These groups of patients are often considered high-risk, as they are prone to complications from seeking alternative healthcare services, which might be detrimental to their health. The objective was to determine the characteristics of patients signing against medical advice and the subspecialty with the highest prevalence of patients leaving the hospital against medical advice. A quantitative cross-sectional study design was chosen to accomplish the objectives of the study. A retrospective study was carried out in the Accident & Emergency Department (A & ED) of Federal Medical Center, Owerri (FMCO), to determine the characteristics of this distinct group of patients who left the hospital against medical advice. A review of the records of all patients who left against medical advice between 1st of August 2012 and 31st of July 2014 was done. There were 137 DAMA cases during the study period. The mean age of the DAMA study group was 32.3 years +/- 15.9. The major subspecialty involved was Orthopedics and Trauma with 51.8% (n = 71). The modal age group was between 21 – 30 years with 41.6% (n = 57) while 77.4% were males. In conclusion younger males with orthopedics and trauma cases were the most involved in DAMA and so this group of patients should be counseled as soon as they arrive the Accident and Emergency Department. A further study is needed to find out where they go and their outcome.
Kinetic and Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Spent Automobile Engine Oil onto Activated Carbon from Thevetia peruviana
Authors: Leke L , Dekaa T H , Olawuyi S O , Nwosu F O
Published: July 2020

The presence of heavy metals was analysed from oil samples employing the dry ashing method. The specific densities and viscosities of the spent and virgin AZ oil samples were determined and found to be 0.9230, 0.9501 and 70.27, 73.27cP respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) from the spent oil was also investigated. The spent oil samples were digested and mixed with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), agitated with activated carbon produced from Thevetia peruviana (bush milk) shells at various contact times of 2, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Kinetic studies revealed that for lead (Pb), the rate constants were found to be 0.044, 0.060 and 0.067 ppm/min at 27oC, 35 oC and 45 oC, respectively, while higher values or rate constants of 0.126, 0.127 and 0,168 ppm/min were observed at 27 oC, 35 oC and 45 oC, respectively, for chromium (Cr). For the thermodynamic studies the Gibb's free energy (ΔG) values were; –1.29, -1.61 and –1.82 KJmol-1at 27 oC, 35 oC and 45 oC, respectively, indicating spontaneity. However, the Gibb's free energy (ΔG) for chromium showed +0.050, -2.13 and -2.14 KJmol-1at 27 oC, 35 oC and 45 oC, indicating non-spontaneity at 27 oC. The positive values of ΔS for both metals with Pb (21 - 30 Jmol-1) and Cr (695 – 1867 Jmol-1 ) indicated that the metals were dissociatively adsorbed onto the adsorbent while for the E values, Cr (8 – 61 KJmol-1) had a higher than with Pb (6 – 35 KJmol-1) further explaining the non-spontaneity of the process for Cr at some reaction condition.
PENGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA FIRMAN DEKORASI (WEDDING ORGANIZER)
Authors: Haryoko Ugeng Budi , Delimah Pasaribu Veta Lidya , Ardiyansyah Ardiyansyah
Published: July 2020

Harga (X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen (Y) dengan persamaan regresi Y = 20,522 + 0.488X1, nila koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,624 artinya kedua variabel memiliki pengaruh yang kuat dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 38.9% Uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (6,284 > 1,999) hal ini diperkuat dengan probability signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara Harga terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada Firman Dekorasi Kualitas pelayanan (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen (Y) dengan persamaa regresi Y = 19,040 + 0,528X2, nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,624 artinya kedua memiliki pengaruh yang kuat dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 33,2% Uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (5,550 > 1,999), hal ini diperkuat dengan probability signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H2 diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara kualitas pelayanan (X2) terhadap kepuasan konsumen (Y) pada Firman Dekorasi Harga (X1) dan kualitas pelayanan (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen (Y) dengan persamaan regresi Y = 14,249 + 0,345X1 + 0,308X2. Nilai koefisien korelasi diperoleh sebesar 0,684 artinya variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat memiliki pengaruh yang kuat dengan koefisien determinasi atau pengaruh secara simultan sebesar 46,8% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 53,2% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (26,872 > 2,760), hal tersebut juga diperkuat dengan probability signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H3 diterima. Artinya terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan antara Harga dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada Firman Dekorasi
(4n +2)π Huckel’s rule of Bn NnC(8-2n) H8 as anti-cancer heterocyclic systems
Authors: SamieiSoofi Neda , Monajjemi Majid
Published: July 2020

Replacing of Boron and nitrogen atoms in [8] annulene molecule help us for explaining the details of mentioned magnetic mechanism concerning the ring currents of the carbon disappearing in the isoelectronic azabora-hetero-cycles variants (Bn Nn C(8-2n) H82-,n=0,1,2,3 and4 The (4n+2)π systems aromatic on variants of BnNnC(8-2n) H8 (n=0, 1 ,2,3 and 4) via the localized orbital by considering the current density induced have been studied. It has been predicted a four-electron dia-tropic (aromatic) ring current for (4n+2) π aza-bora-hetero-cycles variants of BnNnC (8-2n) H8(n=0,1 ,2,4) and a two-electron para-tropic (anti-aromatic) current for (4n) π. HOMO and LUMO energies and also HOMO/LUMO overlapping in whole space have been calculated. Two forms can be considered, first the HOMO–LUMO transition leads to a para-tropic contribution, and second HOMO–LUMO+1 transitions to the dia-tropic contributions. In addition, the NICS and SNICS values confirm the amounts of aromaticity and anti-aromaticity in those rings.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PERPAJAKAN MAHAISSWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STRTAGEI PEMBELAJARAN MODEL KOOPERATIF GRUP INVESTIGATION
Authors: Sinaga Dearlina , Pardede Surya Darma
Published: July 2020

This study aims at improving the activities and learning outcomes of student taxation by applying the learning strategy of the Investigation Group (IG).This type of research is classroom action research (CAR) which has been carried out in two cycles.The research strategy used is the learning structure of the Investigation Group (IG) with the research design of the Two Groups; Pre-test and post-test design.The results of observations that have been conducted show that student learning activities were improved, namely cycle I  there were 5 students or 20.84% ​​for active and very active criteria while in the second cycle of meeting I there are 14 students or as many as 58.33% for active and very active criteria,  then on cycle IIon meeting II, there are 17 students or as many as 70.83% for active and very active criteria. This shows an increase in student activity from the first and second cycle. Whereas the results of student learning tests that were carried out obtained data on the average value of learning outcomes in the pre-test with an average score of 49.16 or as many as 16.66%. In the post-test cycle I the researchers applied the learning structure the Investigation Group (IG), there was an increase in scores with an average of 67.08 or as many as 62.5% of the total population while the average value in the second cycle increased to 74.16 or as many as 79.165%. Based on the results of the above research it can be concluded that applying the learning strategy the Investigation Group (IG) can improve student activities and learning outcomes.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DAN PEMASARAN KUBIS (BRASSICA OLERACEAE) (STUDI KASUS: NAGORI PURBATUA BARU, KECAMATAN SILIMAKUTA, KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN, PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA)
Authors: Sipayung Mei Linda , Girsang Jinni Ropi
Published: July 2020

This study aimed at determining: (1) the cabbage farming development strategy in Nagori Purbatua Baru, Silimakuta District, Simalungun Regency, (2) the cabbage marketing channel in Nagori Purbatua Baru, Silimakuta District, Simalungun Regency and (3) the efficiency of cabbage marketing in Nagori Purbatua Baru, Silimakuta District, Simalungun Regency. The study was conducted in Nagori Purbatua Baru, Silimakuta District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province. The location selection was done purposively with the consideration that the location was one of the centers of cabbage vegetable production in Simalungun Regency. The sample was a portion or representative of the population being studied.  The sample taking carried out by purposive technique or deliberately in determining the expert respondents consisting of 5 or more persons namely: cabbage farmers, collectors, large traders, students, government agencies and consumers. The analysis was done by using SWOT analysis and descriptive method. The results showed that the cabbage development and marketing strategy in the study area could be carried out with the W-O (Weakness-Opportunities) strategy, namely using high production to meet increasing market demand. Another alternative strategy that was also very well done was the S-T (Strength-Threats) Strategy, namely the use of regional conditions to increase production, was increasingly high. There are two cabbage trading channels in the study area, namely: channel (1), producer  collecting trader  retailer  end consumer and channel (2) producer  collecting trader à large trader  retailer  final consumer. There is no difference in the functions of each trading institution involved in cabbage trading in each channel in the study area. There were differences in trading margins (marketing margin, price spread, and large share margins of each cabbage trading agency in the study area. Share margins received by producers (farmers) were smaller than those of traders. Cabbage trading system efficiency levels in the study area were high , where channel I was more efficient than channel II.
Regulasi Penyiaran Digital: Dinamika Peran Negara, Peran Swasta, dan Manfaat bagi Rakyat
Authors: Ismail Ervan , Sari Siti Dewi Sri Ratna , Tresnawati Yuni
Published: July 2020

Digitalization must begin a strong law that is Acts. Based on the records, digital broadcasting regulations using Republic of Indonesia Minister of Communication and Informatics’s regulations could be canceled through lawsuits at Supreme Court and State Administration Court. Broadcast digitalization was begun in 2011 through a digitalization Road Map and till date, the process at House of Representatives has not been completed. 85% of countries in the world have migrated to digital broadcasts. The study aims to describe how changes and various roles in broadcasting digitalization if the revision of the Broadcasting Acts is implemented. The study also aims to find out the impact and benefits of broadcasting digitalization for the public and broadcasting stakeholders compared to present Broadcasting Acts. This study uses participant observation methods and text analysis to categorize the articles of digitalization in the revision draft of the Broadcasting Acts from the House of Representatives Commission I in 2017, accompanied by media coverage analysis. Discourse analysis is used to relate to the problems arised due to broadcast digitalization. The results show that digitalization can provide more channels in the same space than analog broadcasting. Political parties and state institutions will be allowed to have broadcasting institutions. The State through Television Radio of the Republic of Indonesia (RTRI) will become the important player in terrestrial digital broadcasting with a single multiplexer (mux) system, which is considered undemocratic for private television associations. All "television stations" will change and compete to become "content providers" similar to new digital televisions. The government will formulate the mechanisms, socialization, models, roles in digitalizing television broadcasting in a blue print. Digital dividend will be used for the development of internet and telecommunications. The dynamics that occur due to interests’ differences of the state, the private sector and society take part at each stage of broadcasting digitalization regulation. The conclusion of the study illustrates that the use of digital technology in broadcasting through the Acts’ revision could be a solution for both frequency limitation and the efficient use for more diverse broadcasters (diversity of ownership).
十枣汤治疗肝硬化腹水临证谈[Discussion on the clinical use of Shi Zao Tang (Ten Jujubes Decoction)]
Authors: He Jun Yu
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ascites is a common dangerous and lethal complication of the liver cirrhosis. In Chinese Medicine, the ascites due to the liver cirrhosis belongs to Gu Zhang i.e. drum distention, which can be treated by Shi Zao Tang (Ten Jujubes Decoction). Although the Shi Zao Tang with Wan Yua (Flos Genkwa), Gan Sui (Radix Kansui), and Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) drastically purging and expel water, the herbs are toxic, which must be restrained by the proper use of Da Zao (Fructus Jujube). Additionally, Gu Zhang is characterized by deficient Ben-root and excess Biao-branch. Therefore, clinical attention should be given to carefully neutralize the toxicity of the three herbs, based on the correct diagnosis of the Ben-root and Biao -branch.

【摘 要】腹水是肝硬化最常见的并发症之一，严重威胁患者的健康和生命。肝硬化腹水属于中医“臌胀”的范畴，可运用十枣汤峻下逐水。但需要注意的是芫花、甘遂、大戟药性峻猛有毒，需合理配伍大枣减轻毒性。此外臌胀属于本虚标实之症，临证需要注意：稳中求效、避免攻邪伤正，用药谨守法度、把握“衰其大半而止”的原则，尊古不泥古、灵活变通、中西医结合，辨证求因、谨守病机、治病求本。
Diagnostic accuracy of carotid intima media thickness by B-mode ultrasonography in coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Zaidi Nasir , Gilani Syed , Mehboob Riffat , Waseem Humaira , Hassan Amber
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of premature deaths worldwide, and atherosclerosis (AS) is a major risk factor associated with them. B-mode ultrasound is a well-validated research tool that has been translated increasingly into clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of carotid intima media thickness by B-mode ultrasonography in coronary artery disease patients.

Material and methods

This was a case control study, including 100 cases and the same number of controls. Patients with positive angiographic findings and chest pain were considered as cases and those without as negative. Duplex carotid ultrasound was used to detect intima-media thickness (IMT). B-mode real-time ultrasonic images were obtained with a 7 MHz transducer. An intima media thickness of 0.6 mm was considered as being without plaque.

Results

The angiographic findings were single-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, and triple-vessel disease in 18%, 11.5%, and 20.5% of cases, respectively, while there were no findings in controls. There was plaque formation in 14.5% and calcification in 12% of the cases. Sensitivity of B-mode ultrasonography was found to be 78%, specificity 75%, positive predictive value 75.72%, and negative predictive value 77.31%.

Conclusions

Carotid ultrasonography can be utilised as a valuable screening tool due to having several advantages, including ease of application, reproducibility, low cost, and strong correlation with atherosclerosis.
Pattern and risk factors of sport injuries among amateur football players in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Bashir , Sa’Ad Usman Balarabe , Ibrahim Aminu A. , Mamuda Abdulrahman A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to evaluate football injuries and associated factors in male amateur football players in Kano, North West Nigeria.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 118 registered male amateur football players aged 16–30 years. The participants were recruited from 7 local football clubs in Kano city. A modified post-season injury questionnaire was used to collect data on football injuries and associated factors. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyse the data with the IBM SPSS version 20.0 software.

Results

The response rate was 100%. Most injuries (78.3%) occurred in the lower extremity, with knee injury being the most common (28.3%), followed by ankle injury (21.7%). Upper extremity injury accounted for 13.3%, with shoulder and elbow being the most affected parts (8.3% each). Rough tackle from an opponent (67.2%) was the major cause of football injury. No significant association was found between age, dominant leg, player’s position, and football injuries across various parts of the body (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between previous injury and thigh and knee injuries. Furthermore, the majority of the players (42.6%) applied self-treatment, with sole physiotherapy (11.5%) being the least frequently received treatment.

Conclusions

The factor most commonly associated with football injuries among male amateur football players in Kano was rough tackle from an opponent, with knee being the most affected body part.
Exploring the neglected segment of the intestine: the duodenum and its pathologies
Authors: Reghunath Anjuna , Kabilan Kavirajan , Mittal Mahesh K.
Published: July 2020

Herein we reviewed the computed tomography (CT) findings of a spectrum of pathological entities affecting the duodenum. We discuss the CT findings of some congenital, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic pathologies of the duodenum along with the conventional barium studies of selected conditions. Pathologies of this C-shaped intestinal segment, derived from both foregut and midgut, are often overlooked in clinical practice and radiological literature. While congenital anomalies like duplication cysts and diverticula are usually asymptomatic, annular pancreas and malrotation may manifest in the first decade of life. Primary as well as secondary involvement of the duodenum by various disease processes can be evaluated by careful CT technique and proper attention to the duodenum. Among congenital conditions, annular pancreas, duplication cyst, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, midgut volvulus, and diverticula are presented. Duodenal involvement in adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, gastro­intestinal stromal tumours, Crohn’s disease, and groove pancreatitis are discussed. Duodenal wall haematoma and traumatic duodenal perforation causing pneumoretroperitoneum in two patients after blunt trauma of the abdomen are also illustrated. CT provides superb anatomic detail and offers high diagnostic specificity for the detection of duodenal pathologies because it allows direct imaging of the intestinal wall, secondary signs of bowel disease within the surrounding mesentery, and abnormal findings in adjacent structures. Primary duodenal malignancies and local extension from adjacent malignancies can be diagnosed by CT reliably. CT also plays a vital role in the diagnosis of traumatic duodenal injury by differentiating between mural haematoma and a duodenal perforation because the latter requires immediate surgical intervention.
Productivity analysis of the Río Bravo irrigation districts using performance indicators
Authors: Iñiguez-Covarrubias Mauro , Ojeda-Bustamante ; Waldo , Olmedo-Vázquez Víctor Manuel
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Irrigation districts (IDs) are irrigation projects that require periodic evaluation to determine performance. Objectives: To analyze the production behavior of several IDs located in the transboundary Río Bravo basin, Mexico. Methodology: Agricultural and hydrometric information was compiled, organized and analyzed for 11 IDs in the Río Bravo basin to determine production performance based on seven indicators. Results: The production value with respect to the volume of water extracted from the supply source varied from 1.1 to 9 $∙m-3, while the productivity of water extracted from the supply source varied from 0.6 a 5.7 kg∙m-3 and the production per unit of water delivered to users varied from 0.81 to 9.27 kg∙m-3. Limitations of the study: Performance indicators reflect the productivity of the irrigation area according to management of the crop, irrigation service, technological package, crop pattern, infrastructure, among other factors. Originality: Performance of IDs located in the high-water pressure area in the Río Bravo basin was analyzed based on available information. Conclusions: Several performance indicators are required to characterize integrally IDs’ productivity, With the use of hydro-agricultural indicators it is possible to implement improvement actions, where the value of irrigation water can be maximized for the benefit of producers.
Influence of microwave drying process on microstructure and thermodynamic properties of nopal cladodes
Authors: Cruz-de la Cruz Leidy Laura , Espinosa-Solares Teodoro , Aguilar-Méndez Miguel Angel , Guerra-Ramírez Diana , Hernández-Eugenio Guadalupe
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The drying of nopal offers an alternative for their preservation, storage, handling and consumption. Objective: The effects of microwave drying on the microstructural characteristics of nopal and their thermodynamic properties at the food-water interface were evaluated. Methodology: Nopal cladodes were microwave-dried by applying powers of 75 and 158 kW∙kg-1. Microstructure of the samples was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope. Adsorption isotherms were determined at temperatures of 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C. Net isosteric heat (q-st) was calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the Peleg model. Results: Samples dehydrated at 75 kW∙kg-1 showed greater preservation of their internal and external structure. When applying a higher power (158 kW∙kg-1), greater damage was observed in the microstructure of the material. Type III adsorption isotherm curves were obtained according to the Brunauer classification. The q-st of the dehydrated nopal was 7.51 kJ∙mol-1 for a moisture content of 0.05 kgH2O∙kg-1. Limitations of the study: The results obtained are valid only for microwave drying by applying powers of 75 and 158 kW∙kg-1. Originality: This work proposes the microwave drying of nopal as an alternative method that reduces drying time and allows the preservation of the material’s structural properties. Conclusions: The power applied in the microwave drying of nopal had a direct impact on the microstructure of the samples. The use of a power of 75 kW∙kg-1 was the best drying condition to preserve the structures constituting the cladodes.
A single-beam photothermal interferometer for in-situ measurements of aerosol light absorption
Authors: Visser Bradley , Röhrbein Jannis , Steigmeier Peter , Drinovec Luka , Močnik Griša , Weingartner Ernest
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We have developed a novel single-beam photothermal interferometer and present here its application for the measurement of aerosol light absorption. The use of only a single laser beam allows for a compact optical set up and significantly easier alignment compared to standard dual-beam photothermal interferometers, making it ideal for field measurements. Due to a unique configuration of the reference interferometer arm, light absorption by aerosols can be determined directly even in the presence of light absorbing gases. The instrument can be calibrated directly with light absorbing gases, such as NO2, and can be used to calibrate other light absorption instruments. The detection limits (1σ) for absorption for ten and sixty second averaging times were determined to be 14.6 Mm−1 and 7.4 Mm−1, respectively, which for a mass absorption cross-section of 10 m2 g−1 leads to equivalent black carbon concentration detection limits of 1460 ng m−3 and 740 ng m−3, respectively. The detection limit could be reduced further by improvements to the isolation of the instrument and the signal detection and processing schemes employed.
Regional atmospheric reanalysis activities at Deutscher Wetterdienst: review of evaluation results and application examples with a focus on renewable energy
Authors: Kaspar Frank , Niermann Deborah , Borsche Michael , Fiedler Stephanie , Keller Jan , Potthast Roland , Rösch Thomas , Spangehl Thomas , Tinz Birger
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Based on the numerical weather prediction model COSMO of Germany's national
meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD), regional reanalysis
datasets have been developed with grid spacing of up to 2 km. This
development started as a fundamental research activity within the
Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research (HErZ) at the University of Bonn and
the University of Cologne. Today, COSMO reanalyses are an established
product of the DWD and have been widely used in applications on European and
national German level. Successful applications of COSMO reanalyses include
renewable energy assessments as well as meteorological risk estimates. The
COSMO reanalysis datasets are now publicly available and provide
spatio-temporal consistent data of atmospheric parameters covering both
near-surface conditions and vertical profiles. This article reviews the
status of the COSMO reanalyses, including evaluation results and
applications. In many studies, evaluation of the COSMO reanalyses point to
an overall good quality and often an added value compared to different
contemporary global reanalysis datasets. We further outline current plans
for the further development and application of regional reanalyses in the
HErZ research group Cologne/Bonn in collaboration with the DWD.
A decade of methane measurements at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station in Eckernförde Bay (southwestern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Ma Xiao , Sun Mingshuang , Lennartz Sinikka T. , Bange Hermann W.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Coastal areas contribute significantly to the
emissions of methane (CH4) from the ocean. In order to decipher its
temporal variability in the whole water column, dissolved CH4 was
measured on a monthly basis at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station (BE)
located in Eckernförde Bay (SW Baltic Sea) from 2006 to 2017. BE has
a water depth of about 28 m, and dissolved CH4 was measured at six water
depths ranging from 0 to 25 m. In general, CH4 concentrations increased
with depth, indicating a sedimentary release of CH4. Pronounced
enhancement of the CH4 concentrations in the bottom layer (15–25 m)
was found during February, May–June and October. CH4 was not
correlated with Chlorophyll a or O2 over the measurement period.
Unusually high CH4 concentrations (of up to 696 nM) were sporadically
observed in the upper layer (0–10 m; e.g., in November 2013 and December 2014) and coincided with major Baltic inflow (MBI) events. Surface
CH4 concentrations were always supersaturated throughout the monitoring
period, indicating that Eckernförde Bay is an intense but highly
variable source of atmospheric CH4. We did not detect significant
temporal trends in CH4 concentrations or emissions, despite ongoing
environmental changes such as warming and deoxygenation in Eckernförde Bay. Overall, the CH4 variability at BE is driven by a
complex interplay of various biological and physical processes.
Radionuclide wiggle matching reveals a nonsynchronous early Holocene climate oscillation in Greenland and western Europe around a grand solar minimum
Authors: Mekhaldi Florian , Czymzik Markus , Adolphi Florian , Sjolte Jesper , Björck Svante , Aldahan Ala , Brauer Achim , Martin-Puertas Celia , Possnert Göran , Muscheler Raimund
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Several climate oscillations have been reported from the
early Holocene superepoch, the best known of which is the Preboreal
oscillation (PBO). It is still unclear how the PBO and the number of climate
oscillations observed in Greenland ice cores and European terrestrial
records are related to one another. This is mainly due to uncertainties in
the chronologies of the records. Here, we present new, high-resolution
10Be concentration data from the varved Meerfelder Maar sediment record
in Germany, spanning the period 11 310–11 000 years BP. These new data allow
us to synchronize this well-studied record, as well as Greenland ice core
records, with the IntCal13 timescale via radionuclide wiggle matching. In
doing so, we show that the climate oscillations identified in Greenland and
Europe between 11 450 and 11 000 years BP were not synchronous but
terminated and began, respectively, with the onset of a grand solar minimum.
A similar spatial anomaly pattern is found in a number of modeling studies
on solar forcing of climate in the North Atlantic region. We further
postulate that freshwater delivery to the North Atlantic would have had the
potential to amplify solar forcing through a slowdown of the Atlantic
meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) reinforcing surface air
temperature anomalies in the region.
A Decade of GOSAT Proxy Satellite CH4 Observations
Authors: Parker Robert J. , Webb Alex , Boesch Hartmut , Somkuti Peter , Barrio Guillo Rocio , Di Noia Antonio , Kalaitzi Nikoleta , Anand Jasdeep , Bergamaschi Peter , Chevallier Frederic , Palmer Paul I. , Feng Liang , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Feist Dietrich G. , Griffith David W. T. , Hase Frank , Kivi Rigel , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Oh Young-Suk , Ohyama Hirofumi , Petri Christof , Pollard David F. , Roehl Coleen , Sha Mahesh K. , Shiomi Kei , Strong Kimberly , Sussmann Ralf , Te Yao , Velazco Voltaire A. , Warneke Thorsten , Wennberg Paul O. , Wunch Debra
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This work presents the latest release (v9.0) of the University of Leicester GOSAT Proxy XCH4 dataset. Since the launch of the GOSAT satellite in 2009, this data has been produced by the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) as part of the ESA Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI) and Copernicus Climate Change Services (C3S) projects. With now over a decade of observations, we outline the many scientific studies achieved using past versions of this data in order to highlight how this latest version may be used in the future. We describe in detail how the data is generated, providing information and statistics for the entire processing chain from the L1B spectral data through to the final quality-filtered column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCH4) data. We show that out of the 19.5 million observations made between April 2009 and December 2019, we determine that 7.3 million of these are sufficiently cloud-free (37.6 %) to process further and ultimately obtain 4.6 million (23.5 %) high-quality XCH4 observations. We separate these totals by observation mode (land and ocean sun-glint) and by month, to provide data users with the expected data coverage, including highlighting periods with reduced observations due to instrumental issues. We perform extensive validation of the data against the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), comparing to ground-based observations at 22 locations worldwide. We find excellent agreement to TCCON, with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.92 for the 88,345 co-located measurements. The single measurement precision is found to be 13.72 ppb and an overall global bias of 9.06 ppb is determined and removed from the Proxy XCH4 data. Additionally, we validate the separate components of the Proxy (namely the modelled XCO2 and the XCH4/XCO2 ratio) and find these to be in excellent agreement with TCCON. In order to show the utility of the data for future studies, we compare against simulated XCH4 from the TM5 model. We find a high degree of consistency between the model and observations throughout both space and time. When focusing on specific regions, we find average differences ranging from just 3.9 ppb to 15.4 ppb. We find the phase and magnitude of the seasonal cycle to be in excellent agreement, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.93 and a mean seasonal cycle amplitude difference across all regions of −0.84 ppb. This data is available at https://doi.org/10.5285/18ef8247f52a4cb6a14013f8235cc1eb (Parker and Boesch, 2020).
Primeras Páginas
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: July 2020

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I. ESTUDIOS
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: July 2020

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Los principios para el desarrollo de la Inteligencia Artificial en Japón y las avenidas para la cooperación con la Unión Europea
Authors: Gascon Marcen Ana
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo, se analizarán los principios que ha adoptado Japón recientemente para asegurarse de que el desarrollo de la Inteligencia Artificial se lleva a cabo de una manera que beneficie a las personas y a la sociedad. Estas directrices tienen como objetivo fomentar el diálogo a nivel internacional por lo que se estudiará también la visión europea como el socio natural de Japón en la materia. Finalmente, se propondrán opciones para la cooperación entre los dos, para terminar con unas breves conclusiones.
¿Qué es un robot? Análisis jurídico comparado de las propuestas japonesas y europeas
Authors: Tirado Robles Carmen
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se pretende realizar un estudio comparativo de lo que se entiende por robot desde el punto de vista jurídico en Europa y en Japón. Este debe ser el punto de partida de cualquier trabajo de investigación sobre las propuestas jurídicas que deben presentarse ante la aparición de los robots en el mundo laboral, económico, industrial, sanitario, cultural, etc. y los retos que tal aparición conlleva. Las dos zonas consideradas, Europa y Japón, lo son por tratarse de las más robotizadas del mundo, junto con China y Estados Unidos. Cualquier posible respuesta jurídica al reto que supone la entrada de los robots en la sociedad actual implica necesariamente un acuerdo en cuanto a lo que debe entenderse por robot, pues así podremos identificar claramente en qué situaciones o a qué objetos/sujetos podremos aplicar estas nuevas normas jurídicas. Hay que considerar que lo que se entiende por robot es diferente dependiendo de la disciplina desde la que nos queramos aproximar, por lo que la aproximación jurídica tendrá en cuenta, lógicamente, unos condicionantes distintos de otras disciplinas. Acompañando a la definición de robot propondremos también diversas clasificaciones que ya han ido surgiendo y comprobaremos su validez en el plano jurídico. De la comparación de los avances que se han ido produciendo en Europa y en Japón podremos extraer conclusiones útiles para analizar el impacto de los robots y su consideración en las distintas ramas del Derecho.
Project Portfolio Selection under Uncertainty: A DEA Methodology using Predicted and Actual Frontiers
Authors: Hassan Ahmad , Cook Wade
Published: July 2020

Project portfolio management (PPM) is an important area of interest in many organizations. There is a wide literature on each of many different aspects of PPM. The central purpose of the current paper is to focus on a specific sub-area of PPM, namely the project portfolio selection (PPS) problem. Specifically, we develop a new methodology that will aid management in choosing from a set of candidate project proposals, a subset of those project proposals that align with strategic objectives of the organization. Research methodology is based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) construct to compare a set of decision making units (such as proposed projects) to arrive at an efficiency score for each member of this competing set, derive the best performers, generate an efficiency frontier and quantify inefficiency in the non-best performers. While DEA has been applied in numerous settings, the unique feature of the project portfolio application is the presence of two sets of data, namely pre-implementation “estimates”, and post-implementation “actuals”. Our methodology is unique in that it uses the idea of dual DEA frontiers based on such before and after data for a set of past projects. Dual frontier concept makes not only an important practical contribution to the PPS literature, but as well it opens new directions and provides an innovative advancement in the DEA literature. The requisite data is not publicly available. We believe, however, that the stand-alone methodology makes an important contribution to both the DEA and PPS literature.
The Future of Appalachian Identity in an Age of Polarization
Authors: Steele Rachel , Jeffers Misti
Published: July 2020

Given the polarization apparent in the wake of the 2016 presidential election, there is need for mindfulness surrounding the ways both scholars and activists use Appalachian identity to define and politically mobilize people. This article combines insights from prior discussions with an analysis of recent in-depth interviews (n = 11) conducted within Central Appalachia to show the ways that place-based identity informs and norms individuals’ sense of self and political preference. This qualitative data underscores the complexity of Appalachian identity. Individuals communicate both an awareness of stereotypes and a resistance to such stereotypes. This article examines evidence that these resistance identities have unintended consequences. Rather than bridging divides or challenging the larger systems and structures that created the stereotypes, resistance identities tend to maintain barriers among and between marginalized groups. The authors discuss alternative ways to politically mobilize Appalachians—ways that recognize and value their lived experiences while also bridging divides and fighting the polarization that marked recent elections.
Competência em Informação no Ensino Superior: reflexões sobre uma experiência brasileira
Authors: Costa Seabra Celia Revilandia , Simeão Elmira Luzia Melo Soares
Published: July 2020

Este artigo discute aspectos pedagógicos da implantação de projetos de Competência em Informação no ensino superior observando a experiência da Universidade de Brasilia (UnB) no período letivo de 2014. Para isso aborda-se os conceitos norteadores que influenciaram as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas e aplicadas ao longo do processo, a partir de dados coletados em observações participantes e aplicação de questionários a professores e estudantes. Para subsidiar esta prática analisa-se exemplos de Competência em Informação aplicadas no ensino superior do contexto americano. Embora os contextos americanos e brasileiros tenham desenvolvimentos diferenciados no que tange a aplicação de projetos de Competência em Informação no ensino superior, os desafios são similares e as estratégias de superação apontam para as mesmas direções: problemas na educação básica.
Competência em informação e necessidade de pertencimento dos pais de surdos
Authors: Pereira Ana Paula , Alcará Adriana R.
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Esta pesquisa aborda a contribuição da competência em informação para a necessidade de pertencimento dos pais de surdos. A necessidade de pertencimento envolve o sentimento de integração, conexão e aceitação do indivíduo pelo grupo. No caso da surdez, este vínculo se estabelece na relação entre os pais e a comunidade surda ou com outros pais, seja na igreja, na escola, na associação de pais, em eventos ou encontros para surdos. Destaca que a necessidade de pertencimento pode aproximar e instigar os pais a buscar, usar e compartilhar informação entre si, de modo que fortaleçam essas relações e desenvolvam as habilidades para competência em informação. Objetivo: Analisar a competência em informação dos pais de surdos e sua contribuição para a necessidade de pertencimento. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, de natureza qualiquantitativa a partir de uma pesquisa de campo. O locus foi constituído por duas instituições especializadas na área da surdez da região norte do Paraná. A população alvo foi composta por 34 pais de surdos, cujos filhos estudam nestas instituições e os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário. Resultados: Dentre os resultados, identificou-se que a maioria dos pais se sente pertencido à comunidade surda, e este sentimento tende a favorecer o vínculo, o compartilhamento da informação e a participação na vida dos filhos surdos. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a necessidade de pertencimento dos pais de surdos contribui para a competência em informação ao ampliar habilidades e laços afetivos.