bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Deformation and Fracture of High Strength Steel Sheet during Conventional and Robust Trimming by Conducting Partial Trimming Tests
Authors: Cui Zeyuan , Green Daniel , Alpas Ahmet
Published: March 2022

High-strength steels are used in the automotive industry for weight reduction and improved vehicle crashworthiness. In this work, an instrumented trimming die equipped with D2 steel inserts with sharp edges was used to trim DP980 sheets with clearances of 10%, 20% and 30% of the sheet thickness. Trimming trials were conducted either without a support pad under the scrap piece (conventional trimming) or with it (robust trimming). The deformation and fracture mechanisms in the shear affected zone (SAZ) at the sheared edge of DP980 sheet specimens were investigated by performing partial trimming tests and using a new metallographic preparation method as well as 3D surface profilometry. For 10% clearance under conventional trimming, the damage distribution within the SAZ was practically symmetrical and the shearing mechanism consisted of cracks propagating simultaneously from the upper and lower surfaces of the sheet toward each other. However, the damage distribution became asymmetrical and the shearing mechanisms changed when the clearance was increased to 30%: the crack was initiated from the upper surface and propagated toward the lower surface resulting in the formation of a tensile-type burr. At 30% clearance, the robust trimming process (with a support pad) prevented the bending of the scrap piece resulting in a symmetrical damage distribution within the SAZ. In this case, a crack was initiated from the bottom surface of the sheet near the lower trim edge, and subsequently, another crack initiated from the upper surface, result in a decrease in upper die penetrations at the onset of fracture and at the end of trimming progress compare with conventional trimming. By using sharp die edge under robust trimming process, an improved sheared edge quality is achieved at larger clearances and this will help to reduce the production costs associated with dulling the die edge and the alignment of trim dies when the clearance is tight.
Research on deep drawing with multi-ring blank holder technique
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng , Qin Siji , Meng Linyuan
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a novel multi-ring blank holder technique is developed. The blank holding force (BHF) provided by each ring can be independently and effectively applied on all radial regions. The principles and advantages of the multi-ring technique are first explained and analyzed by theoretical derivation, stress analysis, and forming simulation. The results indicate that the distribution of the blank holder force per unit area (FUA) applied by the new blank holder technique is more reasonable than using the conventional single blank holder, and can better suppress the wrinkles. Finally, the effectiveness of the multi-ring blank holder technique is proven by a deep drawing experiment of the 08Al plate. It is verified that due to the reasonable FUA distribution, the use of the blank holder technique can suppress the wrinkles on the flange very well.
Randomized controlled trial of the Effect of General Anesthetics on postoperative recovery after minimally Invasive Nephrectomy (REGAIN trial)
Authors: Yoon Hyun-Kyu , Kim Hyerin , Yoon Susie , Seo Jeong-Hwa , Kim Won Ho , Lee Ho-Jin
Published: March 2022

Background: We compared the effect of general anesthetics on postoperative quality of recovery between propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and inhalation anesthesia. Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded trial, 150 patients undergoing robot-assisted or laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cancer were randomly allocated to either the TIVA or desflurane anesthesia (DES) group. Postoperative recovery was evaluated using the Korean version of the Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire (QoR-15K) at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postoperatively. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was performed to analyze longitudinal QoR-15K data. Opioid consumption, pain severity, the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and quality of life at three weeks after discharge were also compared.Results: Data were analyzed for 70 patients in each group. The TIVA group showed a significantly higher QoR-15K score at 24 and 48 h postoperatively (24 h: DES, 96 [IQR: 77–109] vs. TIVA, 104 [IQR: 82–117], median difference 8 [95% CI: 1–15], p = 0.029; 48 h: DES, 110 [IQR: 95–128] vs. TIVA, 125 [IQR: 109–130], median difference 8 [95% CI: 1–15], p = 0.022), however not at 72 h (p = 0.400). During the entire study period, the GEE revealed significant effects of group (adjusted mean difference 6.2, 95% CI: 0.39–12.1, p = 0.037) and time (p < 0.001) on postoperative QoR-15K scores, without group-time interaction (p = 0.051). However, there were no significant differences at other time points and in other postoperative outcomes, except opioid consumption, during the first 24 h postoperatively.Conclusions: Propofol-based TIVA showed only a transient and marginal improvement in postoperative recovery compared to desflurane anesthesia, which would have been difficult to lead to significant differences in other postoperative outcomes.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04447105 (date of registration: June 25, 2020)
The surface residual stress of monocrystalline silicon in ultrasonic vibration assisted diamond wire sawing
Authors: WANG YAN , Zhao Bocheng , Li Jixing , Qian Zhaofeng , Huang Shengju , Su Jinhuan , Zhou Jing
Published: March 2022

Monocrystalline silicon wafer is the most important raw material in chip manufacturing, wire sawing is the most common processing method of monocrystalline silicon wafer. The residual stress generated by cutting affects the subsequent polishing costs directly, as well as the fracture strength and mechanical integrity of the monocrystalline silicon wafer, thus affecting the service performance. In this paper, the generation mechanism of residual stress was analyzed based on diamond wire sawing technology. Then, based on D-P plastic constitutive model, the magnitude and distribution of residual stress of monocrystalline silicon chip under different process parameters were simulated by ABAQUS simulation software. Finally, the experiment of ultrasonic vibration assisted diamond wire sawing monocrystalline silicon and blind hole drilling method detection were conducted, the strain values before and after drilling in three directions were measured by strain gauge rosette, and the residual stress was calculated by combining with mathematical theory, and the experimental results verified the validity of the finite element model. The experimental results showed that residual compressive stress remains on the surface of silicon wafer in both conventional wire sawing and ultrasonic vibration assisted wire sawing. The residual compressive stress increases with the increase of the axial speed of wire saw, decreases with the increase of the wire saw feed speed, and fluctuates with the increase of the workpiece rotation speed. The residual compressive stress on the surface of the silicon wafer by ultrasonic vibration assisted wire sawing is larger than that by conventional wire sawing. The variation trend of simulation and experiment results is consistent, which provides theoretical support for the subsequent processing of monocrystalline silicon wafers.
Analysis of differentially expressed genes between paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ning Zhongping , Wang Wenhui , Li Yao , Feng Tienan , Tian Bei , Li Xinming
Published: March 2022

Background This study aims to analyze the differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs (DELncRNAs and DEmRNAs) in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation and explore the novel AF-related molecular mechanisms.Methods Two target datasets about paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients (GSE75092 and GSE113013) were downloaded and further analyzed from the Gene Expression Omnibus database by R software. Upregulated and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the co-expressed differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) of the two datasets were identified, of which enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed. Results A total of 127 DELncRNAs and 321 DEmRNAs were screened in GSE75092; a total of 46 DELncRNAs and 64 DEmRNAs were screened in GSE113013. 8 co-DEGs were further identified in the overlap between the two datasets on Venn Diagram, which comprises 3 LncRNA and 5 mRNA. GO and KEGG analysis were successfully performed on the DEGs and co-DEGs mentioned above and the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was constructed.Conclusions Multiple DEGs were found in patients with either paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation and their functions were mainly enriched in metabolism and inflammation-related signaling pathways. The antiviral defense mechanism of PAF is an interesting difference we found.
Computational Analysis of Speed Accuracy Tradeoff
Authors: Penconek Marcin
Published: March 2022

Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) is a well-documented phenomenon in the decision-making of humans and animals, but its underlying neuronal mechanism remains unclear. While modeling approaches conceptualize SAT through the threshold-tuning hypothesis as adjustments to the decision threshold, the leading neurophysiological perspective is the gain modulation hypothesis which postulates that the SAT mechanism is implemented through the baseline firing rate and the speed of evidence integration. In this paper, I investigate alternative computational mechanisms of SAT and show that while the threshold-tuning hypothesis is qualitatively consistent with behavioral data, the gain modulation hypothesis is inconsistent with the data. In order to reconcile the threshold-tuning hypothesis with the neurophysiological observations, I consider the interference of alpha oscillations with the decision process and show that the desynchronization of alpha oscillations results in an increase of the baseline firing rate and the speed of evidence integration. While alpha oscillations increase the discriminatory power of the decision system, they slow down the decision process. This suggests that alpha oscillations interact with the SAT mechanism and this interaction provides an alternative explanation of why the increase of the baseline firing rate and the speed of evidence integration is observed during the speed condition.
Giant Coronary Aneurysms in an Infant: Dilemma of MIS-C
Authors: Drury Alexandra , Wold Kelsey , Healan Steven , Garg Ashish
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 related MIS-C (Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children) can present with cardiovascular complications like shock, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and coronary artery dilatation. The majority of MIS-C associated coronary artery abnormalities are dilation or small aneurysms which are transient and resolve in a few weeks[1, 2]. We present here a case of a 3-month-old child who was noted to have giant aneurysms of her coronary arteries (LAD and RCA) twenty-six days after testing positive for COVID-19. She was treated with IVIG, infliximab, and glucocorticoids along with aspirin, clopidogrel and enoxaparin. She did not show any signs of coronary ischemia or cardiac dysfunction but continued to have persistent giant coronary artery aneurysms involving the LAD (z-score ~35) and RCA (z-score ~30) [Fig. 1]. This study emphasizes the importance of early detection and aggressive management of MIS-C to prevent potentially life-threatening consequences.
Utilization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, with principal component analysis and artificial neural network in revealing cheating of similarly looking fish fillets
Authors: Hamdy Omnia , Abdel-Salam Zienab , Abdel-Harith Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Fish is an essential source of protein and many nutrients necessary for the welfare of human health. However, the deliberate mislabeling in fish fillet types of high similarity is common in popular markets to make use of the relatively high price difference. This, of course, is a type of explicit food adulteration. Therefore, in the present work, spectrochemical analysis and chemometric methods have been adopted for disclosing this type of fish species cheating for the benefit of the customers and the market reliability. As a spectrochemical analytical technique, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been utilized to differentiate between the fillets of the low-priced Tilapia and the expensive Nile Perch. Currently, LIBS is available for in situ measurements, namely in the markets and fish distribution centers, making it a distinguished method for such tasks compared to other conventional analytical methods. Furthermore, the acquired spectroscopic data have been analyzed statistically using principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN). The obtained results demonstrated the potential of using LIBS as a simple, fast, accurate, and cost-effective analytical technique combined with a proper statistical analysis method for the decisive discrimination between fish fillets species.
Prognostic Value of Serum High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein and Histone H3 Levels in Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Kataoka Yuki , Harada-Shirado Kayo , Kawano Noriaki , Hayakawa Mineji , Seki Yoshinobu , Uchiyama Toshimasa , Yamakawa Kazuma , Ishikura Hiroyasu , Irie Yuhei , Nishio Kenji , Yada Noritaka , Okamoto Kohji , Yamada Shingo , Ikezoe Takayuki
Published: March 2022

Background
We compared the prognostic value of serum high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and histone H3 levels with the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scores for 28-day in-hospital mortality in patients with DIC caused by various underlying diseases.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study including two hematology departments, four emergency departments, and one general medicine department in Japan, between August 2017 and July 2021. We included patients diagnosed with DIC by the ISTH DIC scoring system.
Results
Overall, 104 patients were included: 50 with hematopoietic disorders, 41 with infections, and 13 with the other diseases. The 28-day in-hospital mortality rate was 21%. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve showed that a DIC score of 6 points, serum HMGB1 level of 8 ng/mL, and serum histone H3 level of 2 ng/mL were the optimal cutoff points. The odds ratios of more than these optimal cutoff points of the DIC score, serum HMGB1, and histone H3 levels were 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60 to 4.17, p = 0.36), 5.47 (95% CI: 1.70 to 17.6, p = 0.004), and 9.07 (95% CI: 2.00 to 41.3, p = 0.004), respectively. The area under the ROC curve of HMGB1 (0.74, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.85) was better than that of the ISTH DIC scores (0.55, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.67, p = 0.03), whereas that of histone H3 was not (0.71, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.82, p = 0.07). Calibration and net reclassification plots of HMGB1 identified some high-risk patients, whereas the ISTH DIC scores and histone H3 did not. The category-free net reclassification improvement of HMGB1 was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.90, p = 0.04) and that of histone H3 was 0.37 (95% CI: −0.05 to 0.78, p = 0.08).
Conclusions
Serum HMGB1 levels have the prognostic value for mortality in patients with DIC. This finding may help physicians develop treatment strategies.
Outcomes and Risk Factors for Delayed-Onset Postoperative Respiratory Failure: A Multi-Center Case-Control Study by the University of California Critical Care Research Collaborative (UC3RC)
Authors: Stocking Jacqueline C. , Drake Christiana , Aldrich J. Matthew , Ong Michael K. , Amin Alpesh , Marmor Rebecca A. , Godat Laura , Cannesson Maxine , Gropper Michael , Romano Patrick S. , Sandrock Christian E. , Bime Christian , Abraham Ivo , Utter Garth
Published: March 2022

Background: Few interventions are known to reduce the incidence of respiratory failure that occurs following elective surgery (postoperative respiratory failure; PRF). We previously reported risk factors associated with PRF that occurs within the first five days after elective surgery (early PRF; E-PRF); however, PRF that occurs six or more days after elective surgery (late PRF; L-PRF) likely represents a different entity. We hypothesized that L-PRF would be associated with worse outcomes and different risk factors than E-PRF.Methods: This was a retrospective matched case-control study of 59,073 consecutive adult patients admitted for elective non-cardiac and non-pulmonary surgical procedures at one of five University of California academic medical centers between October 2012 and September 2015. We identified patients with L-PRF, confirmed by surgeon and intensivist subject matter expert review, and matched them 1:1 to patients who did not develop PRF (No-PRF) based on hospital, age, and surgical procedure. We then analyzed risk factors and outcomes associated with L-PRF compared to E-PRF and No-PRF.Results: Among 95 patients with L-PRF, 50.5% were female, 71.6% white, 27.4% Hispanic, and 53.7% Medicare recipients; the median age was 63 years (IQR 56, 70). Compared to 95 matched patients with No-PRF and 319 patients who developed E-PRF, L-PRF was associated with higher morbidity and mortality, longer hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and increased costs. Compared to No-PRF, factors associated with L-PRF included: preexisiting neurologic disease (OR 4.36, 95% CI 1.81 – 10.46), anesthesia duration per hour (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.44), and maximum intraoperative peak inspiratory pressure per cm H20 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06 – 1.22).Conclusions: We identified that pre-existing neurologic disease, longer duration of anesthesia, and greater maximum intraoperative peak inspiratory pressures were associated with respiratory failure that developed six or more days after elective surgery in adult patients (L-PRF). Interventions targeting these factors may be worthy of future evaluation.
Analysis of results of research of the functional influence of the food product on the body of athletes
Authors: Sienohonova Halyna , Sienohonova Lyudmila
Published: March 2022

The aim of the work is to describe and analyze the study of the functional effect of bran bars "Sport Slim". To study the functional effectiveness of food for athletes to control body weight, performance and recovery processes in the body of athletes. Anthropometric, physiological, psychophysiological and biochemical research methods were used to study the consumption impact of a food product Sport Slim for athletes. As a result of the research, it has been found, that the course consumption of the bar "Sport Slim" affected the weight and body composition of athletes, decreased body weight and body fat percentage. Consumption of the bar has accelerated the recovery process in the body and increased the rate of operational thinking. Course consumption of the bran bar "Sport Slim" can be recommended for use in the training of qualified athletes to adjust the daily diet to correct body weight, to speed up recovery, to increase the effectiveness of training and competitive activities
Towards traversable wormholes from force-free plasmas
Authors: Iqbal Nabil , Ross Simon
Published: March 2022

The near-horizon region of magnetically charged black holes can have very strong magnetic fields. A useful low-energy effective theory for fluctuations of the fields, coupled to electrically charged particles, is force-free electrodynamics. The low energy collective excitations include a large number of Alfven wave modes, which have a massless dispersion relation along the field worldlines. We attempt to construct traversable wormhole solutions using the negative Casimir energy of the Alfven wave modes, analogously to the recent construction using charged massless fermions. The behaviour of massless scalars in the near-horizon region implies that the size of the wormholes is strongly restricted and cannot be made large, even though the force free description is valid in a larger regime.
EPISTAXIS: CLINICAL REVIEW OF 176 PATIENTS
Authors: AlMomani MD Suhaib , AlKhtoum MD Nemer , Khair MD Hamza , Albtoush MD Ahmad , Shamayleh MD Bashar
Published: March 2022

Objective: To carry out a retrospectively review and analyze the general data, incidence, etiological and clinical findings as well as treatment options for epistaxis patients. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the files of 176 patients with epistaxis who were treated at department of otolaryngology of the Royal Medical services of Jordan between 2017 and 2021. Data regarding Age, sex, concomitant medical disorders, medications, directly identifiable causes, epistaxis seasonal variation, and the type of management received were all recorded. Results: Epistaxis occurred in 0.52 percent of all cases and 3.2 percent of patients with nasal problems. The patients ages ranged from 5 to 85 years old, with a mean age of 43.3 years. The ratio of males to females is 1.5:1. Majority of patients (89.8%) presented with unilateral nasal bleeding and 10.2% with bilateral nasal bleeding. Intermittent nasal bleeding was recorded in 73%. In 63 cases (35.8%), the exact etiological cause couldnt be identified while in the rest of patients we could identify a causal factor infection (32.4%), hypertension (18.2%), trauma (6.8%), blood dyscrasias (2.8%), uremia (2.3%) and tumor (1.7%). Regarding the bleeding sites, more than 70% were from the anterior part of the nasal cavity. Regarding the modalities of treatment for epistaxis, anterior nasal packing being the most common technique 91 cases (51.7%) and conservative management in terms of anterior, posterior nasal packing and local cauterization of bleeding site was effective in majority of cases. Conclusion: Epistaxis is a common otolaryngologic emergency. To be able to undertake optimal care, otolaryngologists and general physicians should know the causes and features of patients and diseases, particularly in their own area of practice.
Multiparity as a Potential Cause of the Articular Cartilage Degradation in the Knee Joint; Sonographic Evaluation in the Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Javed Lubna , Bacha Raham , Khadija Syeda , Gilani Syed Amir , Hassan Mehboob
Published: March 2022

Background: Pain in knee joint is prime cause of disability particularly among postmenopausal women. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and safe imaging modality for the evaluation of knee joint pathologies. Objective: To prove multiparity as a potential cause of femoral cartilage thinning inside knee joint causing pain in postmenopausal women. Methodology: Two hundred knee of 100 postmenopausal women of various parity were conveniently selected. Patients with all other risk factors of the knee joint pain which acts as effect modifying factors were excluded. Femoral articular cartilage was measured at the lateral, central and medial aspect of the knee joint and their average was calculated. Results: 51.12 ±4.46 years was the mean age of patients (ranging from 46 to 60 years). A strong negative relation was found between the parity of the patient and the femoral articular cartilage thickness at the lateral, central and medial aspect of the knee joint of all the patients with a p-value less than 0.1. Significant variation was observed in the femoral articular cartilage thickness in various parties. Conclusion: The femoral articular cartilage decreases in size significantly with an increase in the number of
deliveries (parity). So, multiparity is one of the potential causes of femoral cartilage degradation in knees joint.
Clinical Laboratory Markers in COVID-19
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad Zahidul , Zohra Benazeer
Published: March 2022

Background: The causative agent of the present COVID-19 pandemic is a novel RNA virus called SARS CoV-2. Clinical laboratory has a central role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting the progression of the disease. Several hematological, biochemical, immunological, and coagulation parameters change during the course of the disease. Based on the information from several studies, it is presumed that virus replication alters the immune system of the body. These alterations cause cellular damage in various organs like the lungs, liver, heart, and bone marrow. Ultimately, it may lead to multi-organ failure and death. Methods: An internet search in Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Scholarly articles was performed. Studies reporting on changes in laboratory parameters in COVID-19 were selected, data extracted, and analyzed. Conclusion: Laboratory markers are helpful in the diagnosis of cases and more importantly, to identify those patients where chances of disease progression to severity are present. This will not only reduce the burden on the
health care system but also reduce the mortality rate by channelizing resources to those cases who need critical care and management.
Adoption of Machine Learning Technique in Nile River Islands Classification
Authors: Kamal Noha , El-Banna Ahmad A. Aziz , El-Ashmawy Nagwa
Published: March 2022

Wider adoption of machine learning methods in water resources has the potential to greatly accelerate the efficiency and quality of analysis. The Nile River is one of the major fluvial hydro-systems in the world. Fluvial islands are present in nearly all natural and regulated rivers. The Nile River is characterized by numerous natural phenomena and human interventions represented in multiple islands characteristics. This paper investigates the formation and development of the Nile River islands in the fourth reach, which extends between Assuit and Delta barrages. A machine learning (ML) technique, with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, has been introduced as a potential technique to replace the traditional ones, to extract and classify the land cover types and the geometrical characteristics of the Nile River islands. The assessment of the results of extracting the Nile River islands and the land cover types are included. The accuracy of the extracted boundaries of the islands is assessed using field surveying data. The classification of the islands based on the islands' geometric characteristics represented that 70% of the extracted islands are classified as Wide Island, 20% are classified as Equal Island, and 10% as Narrow Island. The islands’ classification, based on the land cover, results show that there is only 5% of the islands that are urban areas, 5% of the islands are mixed class (both vegetation and urban), and the rest of the islands 90% have a vegetation land cover type. The accuracy assessment was performed using the error matrix, the results show that the overall accuracy of the land cover classification is greater than 84%. The proposed islands’ classification scheme can become an important tool that provides the decision-makers with more detailed information to improve the planning of the Nile River islands development projects. Furthermore, this schema can be expanded to other climatic and topographic regions.
Evaluation of global gridded crop models (GGCMs) for the simulation of major grain crop yields in China
Authors: Li Zhonghe , Zhan Chesheng , Hu Shi , Ning Like , Wu Lanfang , Guo Hai
Published: March 2022

Multimodel ensembles are powerful tools for evaluating agricultural production. Multimodel simulation results provided by the Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) facilitate the evaluation of the grain production situation in China. With census crop yield data, the performance of nine global gridded crop models (GGCMs) in China was evaluated, and the yield gaps of four crops (maize, rice, soybean, and wheat) were estimated. The results showed that GGCMs better simulated maize yields than those of other crops in the northeast, north, northwest, east, and center. GEPIC (CLM-CROP) performed best in simulating maize (wheat) yield in the north, east, and northwest (southwest and south), due to reasonable parameter (cultivar and phenology parameters) settings. Because the rice phenology parameters were calibrated against phenological observation networks and a simple nitrogen limitation index was introduced, ORCHIDEE-CROP performed well in rice yield simulation and soybean yield simulation (center and southwest). Among four crops, wheat has the largest yield gap (7.3–14.1%), in which the poor soil of northwest (14.1%) exposes wheat to relatively high nutritional stress. Thus, in northwest China, optimizing nitrogen management in wheat production can effectively mitigate the negative impact of climate change on crop production.
Deterministic and probabilistic projections and their credibility in analyzing future precipitation variations in the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Sun Zhouliang , Liu Yanli , Zhang Jianyun , Chen Hua , Shu Zhangkang , Guan Tiesheng , Wang Guoqing , Jin Junliang , Bao Zhenxin , Liu Cuishan
Published: March 2022

It remains a key challenge to obtain reliable future precipitation estimates and their reliability under different climate scenarios. In this study, the deterministic projection of future precipitation in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) was obtained within the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) framework. A probability estimation method based on the BMA weighting scheme was proposed to obtain the probabilistic projection of precipitation. We also analyzed the credibility of these two projections. The results showed that four indexes projected by the BMA method showed an increasing trend with a higher probability. The probabilities of increasing with varying degrees were more than those for decreasing for all the precipitation indexes. The credibility of the precipitation estimation under specific climate scenarios was testified by the lower ED (the mean of long-term annual relative simulation deviation) and VD (the variance of long-term annual relative simulation deviation). The estimation based on the BMA model is more trustworthy than any other model. For the four precipitation indicators, the accuracy between the calculated VR (Variation range, to describe the interval of variation of the indicators) with the greatest likelihood and the actual VR was 38.31–53.74%. In 81.93–94.70% of grids, the deviations were smaller than one level. Both the deterministic and probabilistic projections have high geographic distribution and variation trend consistency.
Activation of hydrogen peroxide by graphite supported H2SO4-CeO2 for isoniazid degradation under neutral pH
Authors: Jiang Qihui , Qian Ruyi , Shen Tongdong , Tong Shaoping
Published: March 2022

Graphite felt (GF) supported cerium oxide (CeO2) composite with sulfation pretreatment (H2SO4-CeO2/GF) was prepared by the impregnation method and employed as the catalyst to activate H2O2 for degradation of isoniazid (INH). The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). The results showed that H2SO4-CeO2/GF had good properties in activating H2O2 for the degradation of INH. The INH removal was about 89.4% in 120 min under the following conditions: H2O2 2.94 mM, H2SO4-CeO2/GF 2.6 g/L, INH 10 mg/L, initial pH at 6.8 and temperature at 25 °C. The effects of some reaction parameters, including initial H2O2 concentration, initial INH concentration, initial pH value, the catalyst dosage and reaction temperature, on INH degradation were investigated. On the basis of mechanism study and intermediate analysis, the possible degradation pathway of INH was proposed. Besides, effective degradation of methyl orange (MO) and norfloxacin (NOF) also confirmed the high activity of H2SO4-CeO2/GF in activation of H2O2. The H2SO4-CeO2/GF was relatively stable, showing good application prospects.
Performance intensification of constructed wetland technology: a sustainable solution for treatment of high-strength industrial wastewater
Authors: Nurmahomed N. , Ragen A. K. , Sheridan C. M.
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the intensification of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphate (PO4-P) removal; and (2) generate a set of rate constants of COD degradation (kCOD) and phosphate (kPO4-P) removal for the treatment of industrial wastewater (WW) using intensified adsorption beds. Two horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCWs) filled with coal ash and alum sludge and two conventional HSSFCWs packed with gravels were operated with different loadings of COD and PO4-P at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hrs at water depth of 0.40 m. The bed performance was analysed for COD and PO4-P removal efficiency. The intensified HSSFCWs outperformed the control beds by a mean COD and PO4-P removal efficiency of 43 and 49%, respectively. The progression of COD and PO4-P removal along the system was fitted into the first-order plug flow model (K-C model). In this study the kCOD values ranged from 0.36 to 0.65 m/d with a mean of 0.46 ± 0.08 m/d (n = 30). The kPO4-P values ranged from 0.74 to 1.76 m/d and averaged to 1.23 ± 0.37 m/d (n = 30), irrespective of the condition applied. Hence, these data can be used for future projects using HSSFCWs to treat industrial wastewater.
Evolution of water environment construction and urban landscape ecological risk based on land cover change analysis
Authors: Gong Xujie , Chen Liangming , Tan Shun
Published: March 2022

Mining minerals plays a fundamental role in promoting social-economic progress. Intensive mining operations. However, it also brings huge ecological risks, and may lead to significant changes in land use/land cover (LULC), further affecting the urban landscape and ecological environment. Based on changes in LULC from 2000 to 2020 in the Jiawang district, a resource-based city, this study uses an ecological risk assessment as the theoretical basis for evaluating regional landscape ecological risk. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020 significant changes in LULC were the increase the areas of built-up land and those covered with water, and decreases occurred in the cultivated, industrial, and mining land areas. The conversion of industrial and mining lands to areas of water is a noteworthy ecological compensation area. (2) Over the past two decades, the average ecological risk in the study area was 0.19, 0.21, and 0.14, in 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively, first increasing and then decreasing. The area ratio of the lowest-risk ecological risk areas dropped from 31.60% to 4.00%. (3) The global Moran's I values in 2000, 2010, and 2020 were 0.6047, 0.6280, and 0.6392, respectively. The positive values indicate that the autocorrelation and spatial aggregation of ecological risks in Jiawang district gradually increased. This study can provide a basis for other resource-based cities to rationally allocate land resources and manage urban ecological risks.
Medicinal Plants in Cancer Treatment: Contribution of Nuclear Factor- Kappa B (NF-kB) Inhibitors
Authors: Das Rina , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Dhanawat Meenakshi
Published: March 2022

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the principal inducible proteins and a predominant transcription factor that is known to control gene expression in mammals. It plays a pivotal role in regulating cell signalling in the body under certain physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer cells, such as colon, breast, pancreatic, ovarian, melanoma, and lymphoma, the NF-κB pathway is active. In cellular proliferation, promoting angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis of tumour cells, and blocking apoptosis, the constitutive activity of NF-κB signalling has been reported. Therefore, immense attention has been given to developing drugs targeting NF-κB signalling pathways to treat many types of tumours. They are a desirable therapeutic target for drugs, and many studies have concentrated on recognizing compounds. They may be able to reverse or standstill the growth and spread of tumours that selectively interfere with this pathway. Recently, numerous substances derived from plants have been evaluated as possible inhibitors of the NF-κB pathway. These include various compounds, such as flavonoids, lignans, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, polyphenols, etc. A study supported by folk medicine demonstrated that plant-derived compounds could suppress NF-κB signalling. Considering this, the present review revealed the anticancer potential of naturally occurring compounds that inhibit the NF-κB signalling and suppress the growth and spread of cancer.
Community-based Interventions to Reduce Fat Intake in Healthy
Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nikniaz Zeinab , Nikniaz Leila , Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Pourmoradian Samira , Allameh Motahareh , Hoseinifard Hosein , Tahmasebi Sanaz
Published: March 2022

Background:

Reducing fat intake is a major focus of most dietary recommendations
aiming to prevent chronic diseases. Thus, this study aimed to summarize community-based interventions
for reducing fat consumption among healthy people.

Methods:

According to PRISMA guidelines, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, databases
including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science,
ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched up to January 2021. Randomized clinical trials
(RCTs) or quasi-experimental studies reporting the effect of community-based interventions to
reduce fat intake in healthy populations were included. The quality of studies was assessed using
the Cochrane Collaboration tool and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.
Meta-analysis was performed using CMA2 software.

Results:

Our search strategy resulted in a total of 1,621 articles, 43 of which were included in the
study after screening. Of the 43 included studies, 35 studies reported a significant decrease in fat
intake using educational and multiple intervention methods. About 82 % of studies using the
technology were effective in reducing fat intake. Moreover, studies specifically designed to
change fat intake were more effective than multicomponent interventions. The meta-analysis of
high-quality studies showed that the differences in total fat (-0.262 g/d) and saturated fat (-0.350
g/d) intake between the intervention and control groups were statistically significant (P <0.05).

Conclusion:

Based on the high-quality studies, educational and multiple interventions are suggested
in the community settings to decrease fat intake. In addition, long-term and high frequency
interventions focusing on reducing fat intake are desirable.
The Application of Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy based Combinations
for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Li Hongxia , Fu Qiuxia , Muluh Tobias Achu , Shinge Shafiu A. Umar , Fu Shaozhi , Wu JingBo
Published: March 2022

There has been a great amount of advancement in the early field of nano-immunotherapy and combination therapy. Persistent consideration regarding the clinical challenges and therapeutic hindrance should be tended to achieve therapeutic efficacy and potential. In this review, we will ad-dress how nanotechnology could defeat the difficulties resulting from cancer immunotherapy, how nanoparticles’ utilization can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers, and reconstituting the tumor microenvironment can promote antitumor responses. Moreover, this review discusses how nanoparticles mediate therapeutic modalities like chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photother-mal therapy, and radiotherapy, which are used to target and destroy cancerous cells, initiate the release of tumor antigens, and can trigger anti-tumor immunity reactions. Furthermore, we analyzed the po-tential benefits of immunotherapy combinatorial using the nanoparticle delivery system to prevent tumor recurrence, hinder metastases, and decrease systemic toxicity of major organs and healthy cells common with uncontrolled targeting.
The Inflammatory Effect of Epigenetic Factors and Modifications in
Depressive Disorder: A Review
Authors: Qi Keming , Yu Yi , Guan Jiangli , Zhang Jiayuan , Lu Wei , Wei Yicong
Published: March 2022

Background:

Depressive disorder is one of the most common mental diseases and has
become one of the three major causes of disability worldwide. Although some of the pathological
mechanisms have been analyzed, the corresponding drug therapy has only achieved about 30% of
curative effects. However, the pathological mechanism of depression is very complex, and the
relationship between its complicated pathological mechanisms is still elusive. In recent years,
more and more evidence shows that environmental stress induces stable changes in gene expression
through the epigenetic mechanism which plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Neuroinflammation is considered to be a key pathological mechanism of depression.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between epigenetic mechanism
and neuroinflammation in the pathological process of depression.

Methods:

In this paper, we review the crucial role of neuroinflammation in complex pathological
mechanisms, especially its complex interrelationship with neurotransmitters, neuroendocrine,
neurogenesis, and neuronal plasticity, which play a key role in the pathology of depression.

Results:

The relationship between epigenetic mechanism and neuroinflammation in the pathological
process of depression has been discussed, which mainly involves histone acetylation, histone
methylation, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA association.

Conclusion:

This review will help to understand the role of epigenetic mechanisms in depression
and its related inflammatory responses and provide direction and guidance for future research.
Writing in a World of Strangers The Invention of Jewish Literature Revisited
Authors: Zwiep Irene
Published: March 2022

The question how to frame the world as asingle, objectivesystem that accommodates both oneness and asymmetry,has been a constant in human thought. In an attempt to avoid Westernteleologies, I propose to start at the opposite end and revisit the invention,in the early 1800s, of the small literary subspecies of Jewish literature. As Ihope to show, the Jews’ struggle to write themselves into the European canon highlightsvarious tensions within cosmopolitan literature that are being debated today: themeeting of unity and multiplicity; the nature of intersectionality; the searchfor cosmopolitan aesthetics; and the (im)possibility of inclusion withoutexclusion.Thispaper traces how the early Wissenschaftdes Judentums tried to advance Jewish emancipation by redefining thetraditional canon both in national and in universal terms. The result was aporous and synergetic Jewish literature croisée that was proud tocontribute to a synthetic ‘Totality of Literature.’ Building on Hegel and anticipatingOrtiz’s 1940s concept of transculturation, Wissenschaft authors relied onwater-imagery (confluence) rather than biological metaphor (métissage)to capture the transformative dialectic of cultures in contact. Presentingliterature as a serial global dialogue with alternating hegemonies, theyformulated a multinational rather than transnational aesthetic that bypassedboth monistic and pluralistic models.
Weight Loss Trajectories in Healthy Weight Coaching: Cohort Study
Authors: Kupila Sakris K E , Venäläinen Mikko S , Suojanen Laura-Unnukka , Rosengård-Bärlund Milla , Ahola Aila J , Elo Laura L , Pietiläinen Kirsi H
Published: March 2022

Background

As global obesity prevalence continues to increase, there is a need for accessible and affordable weight management interventions, such as web-based programs.

Objective

This paper aims to assess the outcomes of healthy weight coaching (HWC), a web-based obesity management program integrated into standard Finnish clinical care.

Methods

HWC is an ongoing, structured digital 12-month program based on acceptance and commitment therapy. It includes weekly training sessions focused on lifestyle, general health, and psychological factors. Participants received remote one-on-one support from a personal coach. In this real-life, single-arm, prospective cohort study, we examined the total weight loss, weight loss profiles, and variables associated with weight loss success and program retention in 1189 adults (963 women) with a BMI >25 kg/m² among participants of the program between October 2016 and March 2019. Absolute (kg) and relative (%) weight loss from the baseline were the primary outcomes. We also examined the weight loss profiles, clustered based on the dynamic time-warping distance, and the possible variables associated with greater weight loss success and program retention. We compared different groups using the Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. We analyzed changes in medication using the McNemar test.

Results

Among those having reached the 12-month time point (n=173), the mean weight loss was 4.6% (SE 0.5%), with 43% (n=75) achieving clinically relevant weight loss (≥5%). Baseline BMI ≥40 kg/m² was associated with a greater weight loss than a lower BMI (mean 6.6%, SE 0.9%, vs mean 3.2%, SE 0.6%; P=.02). In addition, more frequent weight reporting was associated with greater weight loss. No significant differences in weight loss were observed according to sex, age, baseline disease, or medication use. The total dropout rate was 29.1%. Dropouts were slightly younger than continuers (47.2, SE 0.6 years vs 49.2, SE 0.4 years; P=.01) and reported their weight less frequently (3.0, SE 0.1 entries per month vs 3.3, SE 0.1 entries per month; P<.001).

Conclusions

A comprehensive web-based program such as HWC is a potential addition to the repertoire of obesity management in a clinical setting. Heavier patients lost more weight, but weight loss success was otherwise independent of baseline characteristics.