bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source, bioavailability, and toxicity of metals in modern fjord sediments, west Spitsbergen, and their influence on sediment-associated biota
Authors: Choudhary Shabnam , Syed Mohammad Saalim , Mohan Rahul , Tiwari Manish
Published: September 2024

Metal contamination in the Arctic region has increased over the years despite its remote and isolated location. Thus, to evaluate the bioavailable fractions of various metals and their effects on sediment-associated biota, the surface sediments from the fjords were analyzed for bulk concentration of metals and their speciation in different fractions. Metals concentrations were higher in the inner fjord region and decreased towards the outer fjord, supported by the terrigenous influence (TI%) calculated. Cr and Pb showed higher excess values attributed to their additional source other than the catchment rocks. So, to assess the metal-related ecological risk, the bulk concentration of metals was compared with Arctic sediment quality guidelines (ASQGs). Cr, Cd, and Pb concentrations were high, indicating potential adverse biological effects in the study. To avoid the risk of overestimation, metal speciation was conducted, showing that overall metal concentrations were higher in the residual fraction; however, higher concentrations of Mn in labile phases pose a moderate risk to the sediment-associated biota. Additionally, the population density of foraminifera in the sediments was calculated to assess the influence of bioavailable metal on benthic foraminifera. It was found that the presence of metals in bioavailable fractions affected the abundance of the foraminifera. However, no morphological abnormalities were observed in the species.
Lifetime prediction of copper pillar bumps based on fatigue crack propagation
Authors: Zhou Yuege , Liu Qingsheng , Ma Tengfei , Li Shupeng , Zhang Xinyu
Published: September 2024

2.5D package realizes the interconnection of multiple dies through Si interposers, which can greatly improve the data transmission rate between dies. However, its multi-layer structure and high package density also place higher reliability requirements on the interconnection structure. As a key structure for interconnection, copper pillar bump (CPB) has small size, high heat generation, and thermal mismatch with silicon chips. The thermal fatigue failure of CPB has gradually become the main failure mode in 2.5D package. Due to the small size of CPB and the large proportion of intermetallic compound (IMC) layers, the lifetime prediction method of spherical solder joints is no longer suitable for CPB. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a fatigue lifetime prediction method for CPB. This paper establishes a method for obtaining the lifetime of CPB based on the basic theory of fatigue crack propagation. Using the extended finite element simulation method, the crack propagation lifetime of CPB under thermal cycling was obtained, and the influence of different IMC layer thickness on the fatigue lifetime of CPB was analyzed. The results indicated that the fatigue lifetime of cracks propagating in the IMC layer is lower than that of cracks propagating in the solder layer, and an increase in the thickness of the IMC layer leads to a significant decrease in the fatigue lifetime of CPB. The lifetime prediction method for CPB proposed in this paper can be used for reliability evaluation of 2.5D package, and has certain reference value for the study of the lifetime of CPB.
Construction of tissue engineered cornea with skin-derived corneal endothelial-like cell and mechanism research for the cell differentiation
Authors: Shen Lin , Han Fang , Pan Lijie , Du Liqun , Sun Peng , Zhang Kai , Wu Xinyi , Pang Kunpeng , Zhu Jing
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Corneal endothelial transplantation accounts for most of corneal transplantation for treating corneal diseases, however severe shortage of corneal donors is the biggest obstacle. In our previous study, we differentiated human skin-derived precursors (SKPs) into corneal endothelial cell (CEC)-like cells with a co-culture system. In this study, we aimed to investigate cell differentiation molecular mechanism and evaluate the function of CEC-like cells by developing tissue-engineered corneas in order to improve cell production efficiency and provide basic research for clinical transformation.

Methods

We performed transcriptome sequencing of SKPs and CEC-like cells. Further, we focused on the possible enriching pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK/Erk, WNT/β-catenin, and important transcription factors Pitx2 and Foxc1. The PI3K and β-catenin inhibitors were also added to the culture system to observe the differentiation alteration. We developed a graft for a tissue-engineered cornea (TEC) using CEC-like cells and acellular porcine cornea matrix scaffold. The tissue-engineered corneas were transplanted into rabbits via penetrating keratoplasty.

Results

The PI3K/Akt, MAPK/Erk, and WNT/β-catenin pathways play important roles during the differentiation of SKPs into CEC-like cells. Crosstalk existed between the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk pathways. The PI3K/Akt and WNT/β-catenin pathways were connected. Pitx2 and Foxc1 were subject to temporal and spatial controls of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and WNT/β-catenin pathways both prevented cell differentiation. CEC-like cells grew well on the acellular porcine cornea matrix scaffold, and the tissue-engineered corneal graft performed well after transplantation into rabbits.

Conclusion

We provide experimental basis for CEC-like cell industrial production and drive the cells to be clinically applied in cellular replacement therapy or alternative graft substitution for treating corneal diseases in the future.
Mendelian randomization identifies causal associations between GWAS-associated bacteria and their metabolites and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zhou Donghai , Jiao Wenyue , Shi Weiman , Wang Qiao , Chen Muzhi
Published: September 2024

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that an imbalance of gut microbiota is commonly observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it remains unclear whether gut microbiota dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of RA, and the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to RA have not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolites with RA.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to estimate the causality of gut microbiota and metabolites on RA. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 211 gut microbiota and 217 metabolites was used as the exposure, whereas RA was treated as the outcome. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was regarded as the primary approach for calculating causal estimates. MR Egger method, Weighted median method, Simple mode method, and weighted mode method were used for sensitive analysis. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed via the web-based Metaconflict 5.0. Additionally, an animal study was undertaken to evaluate the results inferred by Mendelian randomization.

Result

This study indicated that six gut microbiota taxa (RuminococcaceaeUCG013, Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichaceae, Erysipelotrichales, Clostridia, and Veillonellaceae) were estimated to exert a positive impact on RA. Conversely, seven gut microbiota taxa (Oxalobacter, Cyanobacteria, RuminococcaceaeUCG002, LachnospiraceaeUCG010, Christensenellaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Anaerostipes) were estimated to exert a negative impact on RA. Three metabolites, namely indole-3-propionate (IPA), glycine and sphingomyelin (SM 16:1), were found to be linked to lower RA risk, while five metabolites (argininosuccinate, CE 20_4, TAG 58_8, PC 40_6, and LPC 20_4) were linked to higher RA risk. Additionally, four metabolic pathways were identified by metabolic pathway analysis. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats exhibited a higher relative abundance of Class_Clostridia and a lower abundance of Genus_Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05) than the healthy controls.

Conclusion

This study identified causal associations between specific gut microbiota, metabolites, and RA. These findings support the significant role of gut microbiota and metabolites in RA pathogenesis.
Comparative study on structural and functional brain differences in mild cognitive impairment patients with tinnitus
Authors: Han Sang-Yoon , Kim Heejung , Yun Yejin , Lee Min Jae , Lee Jun-Young , Park Sun-Won , Kim Yu Kyeong , Kim Young Ho
Published: September 2024

Objective

Tinnitus may be associated with various brain changes. However, the degenerative changes in patients with tinnitus have not been extensively investigated. We aimed to evaluate degenerative, structural, and functional brain changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who also suffer from tinnitus.

Materials and methods

This study included participants aged 60 to 80 years with MCI and a hearing level better than 40 dB. The participants were classified into two groups: MCI with tinnitus (MCI-T) and MCI without tinnitus (MCI-NT). All patients underwent Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), 3 T brain MRI, F18-florapronol PET, and F18-FDG PET.

Results

The MCI-T group exhibited higher β-amyloid deposition in the superior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, and middle temporal gyrus compared to the MCI-NT group (p < 0.05 for all). Additionally, the MCI-T group showed increased metabolism in the inferior frontal gyrus, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p < 0.005 for all). The THI score was strongly correlated with increased volume in the insula, ACC, superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, white matter near the hippocampus, and precentral gyrus (p < 0.05 for all). Moreover, the MCI-T group demonstrated higher metabolic activity in the default mode network (DMN) and lower activity in the executive control network (ECN) (p < 0.05 for all). In the MCI-T group, the posterior DMN was positively correlated with the visual network and negatively with the ECN, whereas in the MCI-NT group, it correlated positively with the ECN.

Conclusion

The MCI-T group exhibited greater β-amyloid accumulation in the auditory cortex and more extensive changes across various brain networks compared with the MCI-NT group, potentially leading to diverse clinical symptoms such as dementia with semantic deficits or depression. Tinnitus in MCI patients may serve as a biomarker for degenerative changes in the temporal lobe and alterations in brain network dynamics.
Schwann cell-derived exosomes ameliorate peripheral neuropathy induced by ablation of dicer in Schwann cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Lu XueRong , Szalad Alexandra , Liu Xian Shuang , Zhang Yi , Wang Xinli , Golembieski William Anthony , Powell Brianna , Mccann Mikkala , Lu Mei , Chopp Michael , Zhang Zheng Gang
Published: September 2024

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Schwann cells (SCs) mediate peripheral nerve function. Ablating Dicer, a key gene in miRNA biogenesis, in SCs causes peripheral neuropathy. Exosomes from healthy SCs (SC-Exo) ameliorate diabetic peripheral neuropathy in part via miRNAs. Thus, using transgenic mice with conditional and inducible ablation of Dicer in proteolipid protein (PLP) expressing SCs (PLP-cKO), we examined whether SC-Exo could reduce peripheral neuropathy in PLP-cKO mice.

Methods

PLP-cKO mice at the age of 16 weeks (8 week post-Tamoxifen) were randomly treated with SC-Exo or saline weekly for 8 weeks. Age-and sex-matched wild-type (WT) littermates were used as controls. Peripheral neurological functions, sciatic nerve integrity, and myelination were analyzed. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to examine miRNA and protein expression in sciatic nerve tissues, respectively.

Results

Compared to the WT mice, PLP-cKO mice exhibited a significant decrease in motor and sensory conduction velocities, thermal sensitivity, and motor coordination. PLP-cKO mice exhibited substantial demyelination and axonal damage of the sciatic nerve. Treatment of PLP-cKO mice with SC-Exo significantly ameliorated the peripheral neuropathy and sciatic nerve damage. PLP-cKO mice showed a substantial reduction in a set of Dicer-related miRNAs known to regulate myelination, axonal integrity, and inflammation such as miR-138, −146a and − 338 in the sciatic nerve. In addition, PLP-cKO mice exhibited significant reduction of myelin forming proteins, early growth response 2 (EGR2) and sex determining region Y-box10 (Sox10), but significantly increased myelination inhibitors, Notch1, c-Jun, and Sox2 and the axonal growth inhibitor phosphatase and tens in homolog (PTEN). However, SC-Exo treatment reversed the PLP-cKO altered miRNAs and proteins.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that exogenous SC-Exo ameliorate peripheral neuropathy induced by Dicer ablation in PLP expressing SCs. The therapeutic benefit may be mediated by the SC-Exo altered miRNAs and their targeted genes.
Constructing machine learning models based on non-contrast CT radiomics to predict hemorrhagic transformation after stoke: a two-center study
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xie Gang , Zhang Lingfeng , Li Junlin , Tang Wuli , Wang Danni , Yang Ling , Li Kang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Machine learning (ML) models were constructed according to non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) images as well as clinical and laboratory information to assess risk stratification for the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort was constructed with 180 AIS patients who were diagnosed at two centers between January 2019 and October 2023 and were followed for HT outcomes. Patients were analyzed for clinical risk factors for developing HT, infarct texture features were extracted from NCCT images, and the radiomics score (Rad-score) was calculated. Then, five ML models were established and evaluated, and the optimal ML algorithm was used to construct the clinical, radiomics, and clinical-radiomics models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the performance of the three models in predicting HT.

Results

Based on the outcomes of the AIS patients, 104 developed HT, and the remaining 76 had no HT. The HT group consisted of 27 hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and 77 parenchymal-hemorrhage (PH). Patients with HT had a greater neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, infarct volume, and Rad-score and lower Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) (all p < 0.01) than patients without HT. The best ML algorithm for building the model was logistic regression. In the training and validation cohorts, the AUC values for the clinical, radiomics, and clinical-radiomics models for predicting HT were 0.829 and 0.876, 0.813 and 0.898, and 0.876 and 0.957, respectively. In subgroup analyses with different treatment modalities, different infarct sizes, and different stroke time windows, the assessment accuracy of the clinical-radiomics model was not statistically meaningful (all p > 0.05), with an overall accuracy of 79.5%. Moreover, this model performed reliably in predicting the PH and HI subcategories, with accuracies of 82.9 and 92.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

ML models based on clinical and NCCT radiomics characteristics can be used for early risk evaluation of HT development in AIS patients and show great potential for clinical precision in treatment and prognostic assessment.
Testosterone supplementation and stroke in young adults: a review of the literature
Authors: Dengri Chetna , Koriesh Ahmed , Babi Marc A. , Mayberry Whitney , Goldstein Eric D. , Pervez Mubashir , Nouh Amre
Published: September 2024

Testosterone supplementation has increased in recent years for both treatment of hypogonadism and recreational use. Strokes in young adults have similarly increased with a larger proportion of patients in this age group having a stroke due to early onset of cardiovascular risk factors or unrelated to conventional risks. Hormonal treatments are associated with increased stroke risk amongst women, with some studies indicating an increase in stroke risk as high as 40% when compared to non-users. However, less is known about male sex hormones and risks associated with increased stroke. Limited data evaluates the relationship between testosterone supplementation and stroke in young adults. In this review, we analyze the literature and plausible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with increased risks in patients using exogenous testosterone. Furthermore, we highlight the gaps in research about safety and long-term effects on young patients.
Effects of meridian sinew tuina after identifying the treatment area under ultrasound localization combined with greater and third occipital nerve injections in cervicogenic headache: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Huang Qinghua , Li Yuxuan , Ou Lijun , Gong Liyu , Quan Jianlin , Kuang Jiayi , Tao Sijie , Zhang Shiyao
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a secondary headache characterized by chronic, unilateral headache. Ultrasound-guided injections of the greater occipital nerve (GON) and the third occipital nerve (TON) are effective in the treatment of CEH, as is meridian sinew tuina for the treatment of CEH, but the evidence of clinical efficacy of combining these two therapies is valid. Therefore, we have designed a randomized controlled trial with the aim of investigating the efficacy and safety of ultrasound localization meridian sinew tuina combined with GON and TON injections for the treatment of CEH.

Methods and analysis

In this study, we enroll 60 patients experiencing CEH. The control group receives ultrasound-guided injections of GON and TON. The intervention group is treated with ultrasound localization meridian sinew tuina combined with the injection of GON and TON. Meridian sinew tuina is performed once a day for 30 min for 3 days. The primary observational index includes the Short-Form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). The Secondary outcomes include Cervical Range of Motion (ROM) and Medical Infrared Thermography (MIT). MIT is used to measure the change in skin temperature in the area of the patient’s meridian sinew tuina treatment of GON and TON before and after the intervention. There are 5 time points assessed as baseline, day 3, day 15, day 30, and day 60.

Discussion

This study proposes to combine ultrasound-guided injections of GON and TON for the treatment of CEH after identifying the treatment area of meridian sinew tuina under ultrasound localization. Meanwhile, MIT is utilized to provide objective evidence of the efficacy of CEH.

Clinical trial registration

ChiCTR2300076128.
Assessing the effectiveness and safety of Patisiran and Vutrisiran in ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: a systematic review
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Amin , Esmaeilpour Moallem Fatemeh , Gholami Chahkand Mohammad Sadra , Azarm Eftekhar , Emami Kazemabad Mohammad Javad , Dadkhah Parisa Alsadat
Published: September 2024

Background

Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis, a multifaceted disorder affecting multiple systems, substantially diminishes patients’ physical capabilities and overall quality of life. Patisiran and Vutrisiran, two Ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference therapies, target reducing both pathogenic and wild-type transthyretin (TTR) protein levels. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness and safety of these treatments in managing ATTRv.

Methods

A comprehensive, thorough literature search across databases including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar yielded 858 studies. Following removing duplicate and irrelevant articles, 676 distinct studies underwent review. These studies, conducted on a global scale, encompassed a range of methodologies, including clinical trials and indirect treatment comparisons.

Results

Ten studies, spanning a total population of 756 patients, were selected for in-depth analysis. Patisiran and Vutrisiran consistently demonstrated significant improvements in primary and secondary endpoints related to neuropathy, quality of life, and cardiac function. Both medications were well-tolerated, with primarily mild to moderate adverse events. Indirect treatment comparison studies indicated Vutrisiran’s superiority over Tafamidis in treating ATTRv amyloidosis.

Conclusion

This systematic review recommends using Patisiran and Vutrisiran to treat ATTRv amyloidosis. The findings suggest that these RNA interference therapies improve neuropathy, quality of life, and cardiac symptoms. The results indicate sustained benefits over prolonged treatment, with satisfactory safety profiles. However, potential biases, conflicts of interest in the studies, and limited follow-up periods in some trials necessitate cautious interpretation. Future research should address these limitations and provide more robust evidence for the long-term efficacy and safety of Patisiran and Vutrisiran in ATTRv treatment.
Associations of minerals intake with colorectal cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, ovarian cancer screening trial
Authors: Li Siyue , Ren Qingqian , Song Zixuan , Liu Baixue , Wang Dan , Shang Yanna , Wang Hao
Published: September 2024

Objective

Exploring the association between common mineral intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

We utilized the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between intake of minerals and the risk of CRC, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 101,686 eligible participants were included in the analysis of this study, including 1,100 CRC cases. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that total zinc intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.79, 95%CI 0.67–0.93; P for trend <0.05), iron intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.81, 95%CI 0.68–0.96; P for trend <0.05), copper intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.80, 95%CI 0.68–0.95; P for trend <0.05), selenium intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.83, 95%CI 0.69–0.98; P for trend <0.05) were significantly negatively associated with the incidence of CRC, but magnesium intake in the appropriate range is associated with a reduced risk of CRC (HRQ3vs.Q1: 0.77, 95%CI 0.65–0.91; P for trend >0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that an appropriate intake of total zinc, iron, copper, selenium and magnesium were associated with lower CRC risk.
External validation of hemoglobin and neutrophil levels as predictors of the effectiveness of ipilimumab plus nivolumab for treating renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hamamoto Shuzo , Tasaki Yoshihiko , Yamashita Shimpei , Furukawa Junya , Fujita Kazutoshi , Tomida Ryotaro , Miyake Makito , Ito Noriyuki , Iwamoto Hideto , Sugiyama Yosuke , Taguchi Kazumi , Yasui Takahiro
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Pretreatment hemoglobin and neutrophil levels were previously reported to be important indicators for predicting the effectiveness of ipilimumab plus nivolumab (IPI + NIVO) therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, we aimed to validate this in a large external cohort.

Methods

In total, 172 patients with RCC who underwent IPI + NIVO treatment at a multicenter setting were divided into three groups according to their pretreatment hemoglobin and neutrophil levels (group 1: non-anemia; group 2: anemia and low-neutrophil; and group 3: anemia and high-neutrophil).

Results

Group 1 showed better survival than groups 2 and 3 (overall survival: 52.3 vs. 21.4 vs. 9.4 months, respectively; progression-free survival: 12.1 vs. 7.0 vs. 3.4 months, respectively).

Discussion

In this large cohort, we validated our earlier observation that hemoglobin and neutrophil levels can be reliable predictors of the effectiveness of IPI + NIVO in advanced RCC. Thus, our approach may aid in selecting the optimal first-line therapy for RCC.
Comparison of short-term clinical efficacy between modified Kamikawa anastomosis and double tract anastomosis after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Chu-Ying , Huang Qiao-Zhen , Ye Kai
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the short-term clinical efficacy of modified Kamikawa anastomosis and double tract anastomosis after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was carried out by collecting the clinical and pathological data of 42 patients who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy after admission in our centre from May 2020 to October 2022. Among the 42 enrolled patients, 22 underwent modified Kamikawa anastomosis (modified Kamikawa group), and the other 20 underwent double tract anastomosis (double tract group). Outcome measures included intraoperative condition, postoperative recovery, postoperative quality of life, postoperative nutritional status and gastroesophageal reflux. The patients were followed up using outpatient examination and telephone interviews to identify their nutritional status, reflux esophagitis and anastomotic status.

Results

(1) Intraoperative condition: Compared with the double tract group, the modified Kamikawa group had significantly prolonged time for operation and digestive tract reconstruction. However, no statistically significant difference in intraoperative blood loss was found between the two groups. (2) Postoperative recovery: Compared with the double tract group, the modified Kamikawa group had a significantly shorter time for the first postoperative intake of fluids, drainage tube placement and postoperative hospital stay. No statistically significant difference in the time to first postoperative anal exhaust and postoperative complications was found between the two groups. (3) Postoperative quality of life: Compared with the double tract group, the modified Kamikawa group showed better quality of life at 12 months after surgery. (4) Postoperative nutritional status and gastroesophageal reflux: No statistically significant difference in hemoglobin, total serum albumin, albumin, body mass index, MUST score, PG-SGA score, grading of reflux esophagitis using the Los Angeles classification system and GERD score was found between the two groups at 6 and 12 months after surgery. All patients did not experience anastomotic stenosis and tumour recurrence or metastasis.

Conclusions

Modified Kamikawa anastomosis is a safe and feasible treatment in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy, which can ensure good postoperative anti-reflux effect and nutritional status. It has the advantage of better postoperative recorvery and quality of life compared with double tract anastomosis.
Advances in CT-based lung function imaging for thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Bi Suyan , Yuan Qingqing , Dai Zhitao , Sun Xingru , Wan Sohaimi Wan Fatihah Binti , Bin Yusoff Ahmad Lutfi
Published: September 2024

The objective of this review is to examine the potential benefits and challenges of CT-based lung function imaging in radiotherapy over recent decades. This includes reviewing background information, defining related concepts, classifying and reviewing existing studies, and proposing directions for further investigation. The lung function imaging techniques reviewed herein encompass CT-based methods, specifically utilizing phase-resolved four-dimensional CT (4D-CT) or end-inspiratory and end-expiratory CT scans, to delineate distinct functional regions within the lungs. These methods extract crucial functional parameters, including lung volume and ventilation distribution, pivotal for assessing and characterizing the functional capacity of the lungs. CT-based lung ventilation imaging offers numerous advantages, notably in the realm of thoracic radiotherapy. By utilizing routine CT scans, additional radiation exposure and financial burdens on patients can be avoided. This imaging technique also enables the identification of different functional areas of the lung, which is crucial for minimizing radiation exposure to healthy lung tissue and predicting and detecting lung injury during treatment. In conclusion, CT-based lung function imaging holds significant promise for improving the effectiveness and safety of thoracic radiotherapy. Nevertheless, challenges persist, necessitating further research to address limitations and optimize clinical utilization. Overall, this review highlights the importance of CT-based lung function imaging as a valuable tool in radiotherapy planning and lung injury monitoring.
Advances in the management of intraocular foreign bodies
Authors: Ohlhausen Marc , Menke Bryant A. , Begley Jack , Kim Sean , Debiec Matthew R. , Conrady Christopher D. , Yeh Steven , Justin Grant A.
Published: September 2024

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) remain a severe complication of ocular trauma commonly encountered worldwide. This literature review aimed to discuss current practice patterns, areas of controversy, and advances in the management of IOFBs. Injuries involving IOFBs carry significant ocular morbidity and management can be extremely challenging. A systematic approach to preoperative evaluation and IOFB surgical management is detailed in this article and should be applied in each case. The location and composition of an IOFB have important implications on surgical approach and timing, especially in cases of toxic metals and vegetable matter. The advantages, disadvantages, and previous literature regarding immediate versus delayed foreign body removal are presented. Surgical approaches are described, with an emphasis on posterior chamber IOFB management and removal via pars plana vitrectomy. Final visual acuity is variable, but approaches have been used to prognosticate outcomes including the Ocular Trauma Score. By synthesizing current IOFB literature, the goal is to provide practitioners with guidance that will maximize the chances of surgical success and patient outcomes.
Age-based challenges to type 1 diabetes management in the pediatric population
Authors: Lan Yung-Yi , Kovinthapillai Rujith , Kędzia Andrzej , Niechciał Elżbieta
Published: September 2024

Type 1 diabetes is rising in the pediatric population, affecting approximately 1.2 million children and adolescents globally. Its complex pathogenesis involves the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, leading to T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. This destruction results in insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia. Hence, managing type 1 diabetes requires a comprehensive approach that includes various aspects such as blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, caloric intake monitoring, considering family habits and food preferences, planning daily schedules, and incorporating physical activity. Children with type 1 diabetes encounter age-specific challenges in disease management that may exacerbate the risk of metabolic complications and adverse health outcomes. These risk factors may be neurological, physiological, behavioral, psychological, or social, complicate management and necessitate tailored approaches for effective care. Regardless of the age group, primary caregivers have a high responsibility to maintain optimal glycemic control, including monitoring diet, daily activity, and administering insulin. By reviewing research on the challenges faced by pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, we summarized key insights aimed at developing targeted interventions and support systems that enhance diabetes management and improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Significance of detecting cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase MB in critically Ill children without primary cardiac illness
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Cao Yinyin , Xin Yi , Liu Yongming
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate the incidence of myocardial injury in children with critically ill children without primary cardiac disease and the association between elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnl) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentrations and disease progression and prognosis to guide early treatment.

Methods

The serum cTnI and CK-MB concentrations of 292 children with critically ill children without primary cardiac disease in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital between January 2021 and January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed within 24 h after entering the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The children were divided into normal and abnormal groups according to the myocardial marker results. The abnormal group was further divided into the cTnI-elevated, CK-MB-elevated, single-elevated (cTnI- or CK-MB-elevated) and double-elevated (cTnI- and CK-MB-elevated) groups. The differences in the clinical indicators and their relationships with prognosis for the groups were compared.

Results

The incidence of myocardial injury among the critically ill children without primary cardiac disease was 55.1%. The incidence of myocardial injury in children with infectious diarrhea combined with moderate and severe dehydration reached 85.19%. The pediatric critical illness score; frequency of use of vasoactive drugs; hypotension, shock, heart failure, respiratory failure, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; and mortality indexes differed significantly for the normal and abnormal myocardial marker groups (P < 0.05). The single-elevated and normal groups only showed a difference in mortality (P < 0.017). The cTnI and CK-MB concentrations were negatively correlated with prognosis (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Myocardial injury, as evidenced by elevated cardiac biomarkers, is common in critically ill children without primary cardiac illness. cTnI and CK-MB are associated with outcomes. Shock, heart failure, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes are independently associated with simultaneous elevations of CK-MB and cTnI concentrations. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the clinical utility of these biomarkers.
Unveiling novel serum biomarkers in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a pilot proteomic exploration
Authors: Mocan Lavinia Patricia , Grapa Cristiana , Crăciun Rareș , Pralea Ioana Ecaterina , Uifălean Alina , Soporan Andreea Maria , Mureșan Ximena Maria , Iacobescu Maria , Al Hajjar Nadim , Mihu Carmen Mihaela , Spârchez Zeno , Mocan Tudor , Iuga Cristina Adela
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements in proteomics have shown promise in identifying biomarkers for various cancers. Our study is the first to compare the serum proteomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with cirrhosis (CIR), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), aiming to identify a proteomic signature that can effectively distinguish among these conditions. Utilizing high-throughput mass spectrometry on serum samples, we identified 845 proteins, of which 646 were suitable for further analysis. Unique clustering patterns were observed among the five groups, with significant proteomic differences. Our key findings include: S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and haptoglobin (HP) were more abundant in iCCA, while intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2) was higher in HCC. Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) and A4 (SAA4) emerged as potential biomarkers, with SAA1 significantly different in the iCCA vs healthy controls (HC) comparison, and SAA4 in the HCC vs HC comparison. Elevated levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in HCC suggested its potential as a differentiation and diagnostic marker. Angiopoietin-1 receptor (TEK) also showed discriminatory and diagnostic potential in HCC. ELISA validation corroborated mass spectrometry findings. Our study underscores the potential of proteomic profiling in distinguishing iCCA from other liver conditions and highlights the need for further validation to establish robust diagnostic biomarkers.
Exploring the top 30 drugs associated with drug-induced constipation based on the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Li Wenwen , Liu Cuncheng , Zhang Zhongyi , Cai Zhikai , Lv Tailong , Zhang Ruiyuan , Zuo Yaoyao , Chen Shouqiang
Published: September 2024

Objective

This project aims to identify the top 30 drugs most commonly associated with constipation and their signal values within the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.

Methods

We extracted adverse drug events (ADEs) related to constipation from the FAERS database spanning from January 1, 2004, to September 30, 2023. We compiled the 30 most frequently reported drugs based on the frequency of constipation events. We employed signal detection methodologies to ascertain whether these drugs elicited significant signals, including reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker, and information component given by the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network. Furthermore, we conducted a time-to-onset (TTO) analysis for drugs generating significant signals using the medians, quartiles, and the Weibull shape parameter test.

Results

We extracted a total of 50, 659, 288 ADEs, among which 169,897 (0.34%) were related to constipation. We selected and ranked the top 30 drugs. The drug with the highest ranking was lenalidomide (7,730 cases, 4.55%), with the most prevalent drug class being antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. Signal detection was performed for the 30 drugs, with constipation risk signals identified for 26 of them. Among the 26 drugs, 22 exhibited constipation signals consistent with those listed on the FDA-approved drug labels. However, four drugs (orlistat, nintedanib, palbociclib, and dimethyl fumarate) presented an unexpected risk of constipation. Ranked by signal values, sevelamer carbonate emerged as the drug with the strongest risk signal [reporting odds ratio (95% CI): 115.51 (110.14, 121.15); PRR (χ2): 83.78 (191,709.73); EBGM (EB05): 82.63 (79.4); IC (IC025): 6.37 (4.70)]. A TTO analysis was conducted for the 26 drugs that generated risk signals, revealing that all drugs exhibited an early failure type. The median TTO for orlistat was 3 days, the shortest of all the drugs, while the median TTO for clozapine was 1,065 days, the longest of all the drugs.

Conclusion

Our study provides a list of drugs potentially associated with drug-induced constipation (DIC). This could potentially inform clinicians about some alternative medications to consider when managing secondary causes of constipation or caring for patients prone to DIC, thereby reducing the incidence and mortality associated with DIC.
Topography and life stage regulate species aboveground biomass distribution in combination in a tropical montane rainforest
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Xu Han , Li Yide , Li Yanpeng
Published: September 2024

Understanding the correlation between topography, species biomass and species life stage would allow forest managers to better foster carbon storage in forests. Using census data from a 60-ha plot in south China, we first quantified aboveground biomass (AGB) and how much it varied among different topographies. Next, the specific contribution of 42 dominant species to total aboveground biomass was analyzed for each of the different topographies. We also explored whether these species-topography associations changed, in terms of species’ AGB distribution, during each of the three life stages (sapling, juvenile, adult) for these 42 species. Our results showed that the average AGB was 368.79 Mg ha-1 and that it varied noticeably among the four topographies (Low valley, Slope, High valley and Ridge, which were classified by using fuzzy C-mean clustering based on elevation, convexity, and slope). AGB was significantly lower in the two valleys than in the two other topographies. Of the 42 species, 88.1% showed topographic preferences, and 78.6% appeared to exhibit topographic preferences that changed with life stage. Our work highlights the importance of topography and life stage in species biomass distribution and suggests that different combinations of species and life stages, based on species topographic preferences across life stages, may be better suited in different tropical rainforest topographies to maximize carbon storage overall.
Dreaming in Bipolar Disorders – Feasibility of the Central Image Method: A Prospective Controlled Trial
Authors: Schmid-Mühlbauer Gabriele , Reggiannini Laura , Treu Peter , Chae Woo Ri , Stamm Thomas
Published: September 2024

Background

Emotions play an important role in the emergence, formation, and experience of dreams. The Central Image (CI) in a dream refers to the dream’s dominant or underlying emotion, and it is the best-remembered part of a dream. Bipolar disorders are characterized by strong emotions, particularly during manic and depressive episodes. In these patients, dreams and CIs may serve as a helpful diagnostic and therapeutic tool. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the CI Method and to check for differences concerning dreams and CI emotions between healthy controls and patients with bipolar disorder.

Methods

Over a period of 3 weeks, 61 participants were asked to maintain a daily record of all dreams remembered. Dream reports were rated using the Central Image Method (CIM) by two independent, blinded raters. We assessed for interrater agreement on the CIM and for within and between group differences related to negative and positive CI emotions.

Results

Mean agreement rates (weighted Cohen’s kappa) for the CI emotion ratings could be classified as very good: For primary CI emotion ratings, the mean weighted Cohen’s kappa was 0.99 (± 0.02), and for secondary CI emotions, it was 0.90 (± 0.17). Regarding the CI intensities, the mean agreement rate (Spearman’s correlation) was also strong. Evaluation of differences within the groups showed that there were more negative CI emotions than positive CI emotions in healthy controls and currently depressive patients; however, in the latter, the difference was statistically not significant. Analyses of differences between groups indicated that patients who were currently depressed recorded more negative CI emotions in dreams than those who were euthymic or healthy controls.

Discussion

The findings support the feasibility of the CIM. Our results might indicate different emotion regulation and defense mechanisms across bipolar disorder states, as reflected by the occurrence of negative and positive CI emotions.
Unveiling dynamics of language visibility and vitality in café menus near Labrang Monastery
Authors: He Min , Chen Shengnan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study explores the dynamics of Linguistic Landscapes (LL) in the commercial tourist district near Labrang Monastery by analyzing the use of Tibetan, Mandarin, and English on café menus. Traditionally, LL research has focused on language visibility as an indicator of vitality, overlooking contextual complexities. We challenge this approach by considering geocultural contexts, instigators’ language proficiency, and intended audience.

Method

This study employed a triangulation approach, combining multiple methods of data collection and analysis. First, we conducted a preliminary observation of shop names in the region. Second, with the consent of shop owners, we comprehensively documented visual and textual artifacts both inside and outside the cafés, including signboards, menus, wall billboards, and displayed books. Third, we conducted extensive semi-structured interviews with shop owners and customers. These interviews, transcribed for analysis, provided insights into language usage preferences and decision-making processes.

Results

By advocating for a holistic LL research approach, integrating qualitative insights with quantitative data, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of LL dynamics. Our findings show that geocultural contexts, instigators’ language proficiency, and intended audience all play a role in shaping language representation and vitality.

Discussion

The absence of a language on signage does not necessarily signify diminished vitality but can reflect strategic decisions influenced by religious, individual and commercial factors. Beyond mere visibility, languages on café menus serve as symbolic markers of ethnic identity and reflect the functions they assume within the speech community, offering insights into language vitality across different usage contexts. This research enriches scholarly discourse on LL, particularly within the Chinese context, by emphasizing the multifaceted nature of language presence and its vitality.
Autistic traits as predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms among patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Carpita Barbara , Bonelli Chiara , Schifanella Vincenzo , Nardi Benedetta , Amatori Giulia , Massimetti Gabriele , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Pini Stefano , Dell’Osso Liliana
Published: September 2024

Background

Autistic traits (AT) seem to be particularly frequent among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Moreover, the autism spectrum is considered a vulnerability factor for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, increasing the vulnerability of BPD subjects toward the development of a stress-related disorder.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the association between AT and trauma-related symptoms in a clinical sample of patients with BPD.

Methods

A total of 48 patients with a clinical diagnosis of BPD and 52 healthy control (HC) subjects were recruited and assessed with the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum Self-Report (AdAS Spectrum) questionnaire and the Trauma and Loss Spectrum—Self-Report questionnaire (TALS-SR). The BPD group was divided into two subgroups: BPD with a symptomatological diagnosis of PTSD (pBPD = 25) and BPD not diagnosed with PTSD (No-pBPD = 23).

Results

The clinical sample scored significantly higher in almost all AdAS domains. Moreover, pBPD groups reported higher AdAS and TALS-SR scores in the total and in various domains than the No-pBPD group, which scored higher in several domains than HC. AdAS Restricted interests and rumination domain scores were positive predictors of BPD presence independently from PTSD, while Inflexibility and adherence to routine domain was a negative predictor. Finally, AdAS Hyper/hyporeactivity to sensory stimuli domain was a positive predictor only for inclusion in the pBPD group.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the autism spectrum and BPD, while BPD subjects diagnosed with PTSD seem to show a higher autism spectrum burden.
Economic burden and influence factors among hospitalized children with bronchiolitis or pneumonia: a multiregional study in China
Authors: Hu Hongfei , Zhou Ting , Gao Junyang , Ou Yanglu , Ma Aixia , Wang Pei
Published: September 2024

Background

Bronchiolitis and pneumonia are both significant lower respiratory tract infections with a profound impact on children’s health. The purpose of this study is to explore the economic burden and related influence factors of pediatric patients with bronchiolitis and pneumonia in China.

Methods

A face-to-face interview was employed for the investigation of hospitalized patients (≤5 years old) with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, along with their guardians from January to October 2019. Demographic and costs were collected from Shanghai, Zhengzhou, and Kunming, representing three regions with different levels of economic development in China. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with the economic burden of the diseases.

Results

A total of 338 patients with bronchiolitis and 529 patients with pneumonia were included in the analysis. The average hospitalization and total cost for patients with bronchiolitis are 4,162 CNY and 5,748 CNY, respectively, while those with pneumonia are 6,096 CNY and 7,783 CNY. Patients from Shanghai, both bronchiolitis and pneumonia, exhibited the lowest cost expenditures, with average total costs of 3,531 CNY and 3,488 CNY, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that, among bronchiolitis patients, factors such as region, medical insurance, relationship, loss of work time, and length of stay were found to be significantly associated with both hospitalization cost and total cost (p < 0.05). For pneumonia patients, the hospitalization cost and total cost were significantly impacted by region, medical insurance, and length of stay (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children put substantial economic burden on families of affected children. The financial strain varies significantly across different regions, with families in underdeveloped areas and those dealing with pneumonia facing particularly daunting challenges. Targeted policies to reduce healthcare costs and improve insurance coverage, especially in economically disadvantaged regions are needed.