bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis psicométrico del inventario de orientación suicida ISO-19, en adolescentes cordobeses escolarizados
Authors: Vecco Gerardo Ariel , Flores-Kanter Pablo Ezequiel , Luque Leticia Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

In terms of prevention, it is desirable to have valid and reliable instruments to detect the risk of suicide. Some psychometric properties of the reduced version of ISO-30 are explored, in a group of 656 school-aged adolescents, 14-20 years old, from Cordoba (Argentina). To evaluate the fit of empirical data to the design identified by Galarza, Fernández-Liporace, Castañeiras, and Freiberg-Hoffmann (2019) for ISO-19, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were performed. Regarding the CFA, the indices for evaluating the model fit were optimal and slightly lower than those obtained using the ESEM model. The quantification of factorial simplicity identified 17 items above the criteria established as acceptable. The elimination of reagents from the original version (ISO-30) and the new identified groupings should be  considered for the global suicide orientation index used in our country.
Joint Analog Beam Selection and Digital Beamforming in Millimeter Wave Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Yetis Cenk M. , Björnson Emil , Giselsson Pontus
Published: May 2021

Cell-free massive MIMO systems
consist of many distributed access points with simple components that jointly
serve the users. In millimeter wave bands, only a limited set of predetermined
beams can be supported. In a network that
consolidates these technologies, downlink analog beam selection stands as a challenging task for the network sum-rate maximization. Low-cost digital filters
can improve the network sum-rate
further. In this work, we propose low-cost joint designs of analog beam selection and digital filters. The pro-posed
joint designs achieve significantly higher sum-rates than the disjoint design benchmark.
Supervised machine learning (ML)
algorithms can efficiently approximate the input-output mapping functions of the beam selection decisions of the joint designs with low computational
complexities. Since the training
of ML algorithms is performed off-line, we pro-pose a well-constructed joint
design that combines multiple initializations,
iterations, and selection features, as well as beam conflict control, i.e., the same beam cannot be used for multiple users. The numerical
results indicate that ML algorithms
can retain 99-100% of the original sum-rate results achieved by the proposed
well-constructed designs.
“Conosci te stesso”: o quello che i progettisti possono imparare dalle scienze biologiche contemporanee
Authors: Mallgrave Harry Francis
Published: May 2021

Wherein resides the ‘art’ in the ‘art of building’? Throughout history, architects have generally viewed their field as a craft informed by the human body, a creative sense of play, and technical science. Theory in the second half of the 20 th century departed from this direction by reducing art to the visual and semiotic understanding of form. The remarkable discoveries of the biological sciences in recent decades have opened an entirely new perspective for designers, based on our profound insights into human soci-ality, empathy, emotion, mirror systems, and design’s inherent powers of “tactility and kinesis.” The dictum “know thyself,” once inscribed in stone at the entrance of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, in many ways holds the key to locating the missing ‘art’ of design.
Verso le neuroscienze del processo progettuale
Authors: Arbib Michael
Published: May 2021

Introduces some key notions of cognitive (neuro)science including mirror neurons and perceptual and motor schemas. Much important processing may be subconscious. Af-fordances link multi-modal perception and action. Three linkages of architecture and neuroscience are noted: neuroscience of experience; neuroscience of design; and neuro-morphic architecture, “brains” for buildings. Examples are offered from Zumthor’s Therme at Vals (linking memory and imagination) and a case study of group creativity in choreography (illustrating four-dimensional planning).
Neuroscienze per l’architettura
Authors: Albright Thomas D.
Published: May 2021

Discusses the Indian design treatise the Vaastu Veda in relation to visual neuroscience. Relates visual perception in architecture to functional organisation of the brain. Relates Hubel and Weisel’s orientation sensitivity to the sense of order and pleasure imparted by the regularity of colonnades and cable stay bridges. Suggests aspects of perception facilitated by neuronal architecture and the dynamic between familiarity and novelty, plasticity and visual attunement.
Nonparametric methods for stratified C-sample designs: a case study
Authors: Arboretti Rosa , Ceccato Riccardo , Salmaso Luigi
Published: May 2021

Several parametric and nonparametric methods have been proposed to deal with stratified C-sample problems where the main interest lies in evaluating the presence of a certain treatment effect, but the strata effects cannot be overlooked. Stratified scenarios can be found in several different fields. In this paper we focus on a particular case study from the field of education, addressing a typical stochastic ordering problem in the presence of stratification. We are interested in assessing how the performance of students from different degree programs at the University of Padova change, in terms of university credits and grades, when compared with their entry test results. To address this problem, we propose an extension of the Non-Parametric Combination (NPC) methodology, a permutation-based technique (see Pesarin and Salmaso, 2010), as a valuable tool to improve the data analytics for monitoring University students’ careers at the School of Engineering of the University of Padova. This new procedure indeed allows us to assess the efficacy of the University of Padova’s entry tests in evaluating and selecting future students.
The Financial Wellbeing Index: “Donne al quadrato” and the relevant impact measurement
Authors: Segre Claudia , Spagnolo Serena , Gabella Valentina , Langella Valentina
Published: May 2021

How can we reduce economic violence? Can financial literacy and education enhance economic wellbeing? The present paper reports the results of a research conducted by ALTIS – Università Cattolica and Global Thinking Foundation for the evaluation of changes, improvements and consequences produced by the educational course in financial literacy ‘Donne al quadrato’, provided by the Foundation among the policies against economic violence implementation. In this study, impacts’ measurement refers to conceptual framework of financial wellbeing, a composite notion constructed of objective and subjective dimensions related to people’s financial behaviour. The expression ‘Financial Wellbeing’ highlights how economic issues are inextricably bound to individual and social wellness. Helping people enhancing their own financial wellbeing – in a broad sense – should then be the very first purpose of economic education activity. In the present research, financial wellbeing has been measured by the implementation of a synthetic index, based on studies of World Bank and University of Bristol. The index is intended to measure people’s self-sufficiency and independence about their financial situation, resources and capabilities. The indicator takes into account both micro and macro features, being the first ones specific of the sample analysed and latter territorial context variables employed for the removal of the macroeconomic changes affecting the entire population from the specific changes proceeding from the training. The trial, involving different Italian regions, has been fulfilled by the administration of a tailoredmade survey pre and post the “Donne al Quadrato” course, during academic year 2019/2020, in order to register the change occurred in the respondents’ perception of their knowledge, behaviour, personality and aptitudes. The results of the experimentation demonstrated that financial education could engender the modification not only of knowledge but also of awareness and proficiency in financial behaviours, as well as the increase of course participants’ financial wellbeing.
Determinants of social startups in Italy
Authors: Palazzo Lucio , Sabatino Pietro , Ievoli Riccardo
Published: May 2021

The so called "Startup Act" (Decree Law 179/2012, converted into Law 221/2012), has introduced in Italy the notion of innovative companies with a high technological value, denoted as the innovative startups. Among them, the Italian government includes the category of SIAVS ("Startup Innovative A Vocazione Sociale"), which represents a relatively new field of interest in both scientific and normative perspective. A social startup must satisfy the same requirement of other innovative startups, usually operating in sectors such as social assistance, education, health, social tourism and culture which can have a direct (social) impact on collective well-being. Furthermore, they must produce specific reporting of the produced social impact, enjoying also some tax benefits. In 2020 more than 200 SIAVS are registered in Italy, more than doubled with respect to 2015. This work is concerned with the empirical analysis of innovative companies focused in funding and implementing solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to investigate what are the relevant factors for the arise of SIAVS in Italy. The response variable is based on the number of active social startups in Italian provinces while the set of explanatory variables is composed by economic and demographic indicators at the provincial level. Generalized linear models (GLM) for discrete outcomes are applied and compared, even taking into account the zero-inflated issue arising due to the distribution of these particular data.
A quantitative study to measure the family impact of e-learning
Authors: Davino Cristina , Gherghi Marco , Vistocco Domenico
Published: May 2021

The Covid emergency has forced universities around the world to transfer teaching activities online. Even if online teaching has made it possible to carry out the planned teaching activities, it is necessary, in retrospect, to evaluate the impact that this teaching method has had on the different types of students, in terms of preparation, characteristics and social background. In this framework, the presents paper aims to evaluate if distance learning can be considered socially less useful because it increases the divide between the advantaged and disadvantaged students. The study is based on the analysis of data collected at the University of Naples Federico II in June 2020. More than 19 thousand students took part in the survey, carried out to monitor distance learning activities. The aim of this work is to analyse whether and how much the distance learning activities has had an impact on the students' families both in terms of the organisation of the spaces and daily rhythms and from an economic point of view, having required additional expenses. This objective will be achieved through the use of a factorial method that will provide a composite indicator measuring the family impact of distance learning. We will then try to explain if the family impact takes different forms and intensity depending on the students' characteristics, the availability of computer equipment and the type of teaching used. Quantile regression will allow to differentiate the study of effects for different levels of family impact. Finally, it will also be evaluated whether the experience lived in terms of the family impact of the distance learning, conditions the judgement on the preferred teaching method for the future, totally online, oriented towards a complete return to face-to-face teaching or a mixed solution that takes advantage of the experience lived.
Wine preferences based on intrinsic attributes: A tasting experiment in Alto Adige/Südtirol province
Authors: Fabbris Luigi , Piscitelli Alfonso
Published: May 2021

Different methods have been developed by researchers in modelling wine consumers purchase behaviour. The quality of a food product is described by a set of characteristics ascribable to the intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes (Olson and Jacoby, 1972). Price, brand, region of origin, grapes and gained awards are the key extrinsic attributes and physical characteristics of the wine such as taste and flavour are intrinsic attributes. This paper addresses the problem of measuring the intrinsic attributes that characterise the wine, based on specific characteristics and the impact on consumers in terms of preferences. To this end, a fractional factorial experiment held on a selection of white wines of the Alto Adige/Südtirol province in Italy. The sensorial experiment involved a voluntary sample of 33 mild wine consumers and concerned 6 grape varieties typical of that territory. For each variety, two producing cellars were selected for a total of 12 evaluated wines. The experiment followed a double-blind administration procedure to the sample and a paper questionnaire was used to elicit the consumers’ opinions on the tasted wines. The results show that intrinsic attributes, such as taste-olfactory intensity, harmony and olfactory complexity, are the drivers used in combination by consumers to rank wines in order of preference.
Decomposing tourists’ sentiment from raw NL text to assess customer satisfaction
Authors: Romano Maurizio , Mola Francesco , Conversano Claudio
Published: May 2021

The importance of the Word of Mouth is growing day by day in many topics. This phenomenon is evident in everyday life, e.g., the rise of influencers and social media managers. If more people positively debate specific products, then even more people are encouraged to buy them and vice versa. This effect is directly affected by the relationship between the potential customer and the reviewer. Moreover, considering the negative reporting bias is evident in how the Word of Mouth analysis is of absolute interest in many fields. We propose an algorithm to extract the sentiment from a natural language text corpus. The combined approach of Neural Networks, with high predictive power but more challenging interpretation, with more simple but informative models, allows us to quantify a sentiment with a numeric value and to predict if a sentence has a positive (negative) sentiment. The assessment of an objective quantity improves the interpretation of the results in many fields. For example, it is possible to identify crucial specific sectors that require intervention, improving the company's services whilst finding the strengths of the company himself (useful for advertising campaigns). Moreover, considering that the time information is usually available in textual data with a web origin, to analyze trends on macro/micro topics. After showing how to properly reduce the dimensionality of the textual data with a data-cleaning phase, we show how to combine: WordEmbedding, K-Means clustering, SentiWordNet, and the Threshold-based Naïve Bayes classifier. We apply this method to Booking.com and TripAdvisor.com data, analyzing the sentiment of people who discuss a particular issue, providing an example of customer satisfaction.
Exploring the intention to walk: a study on undergraduate students using item response theory and theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Galluccio Carla , Fabbricatore Rosa , Caso Daniela
Published: May 2021

Physical activity is one of the most basic human functions, and it is an important foundation of health throughout life. Physical activity apports benefit on both physical and mental health, reducing the risk of several diseases and lowering stress reactions, anxiety and depression. More specifically, physical activity is defined as "any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure" (World Health Organization), including in this definition several activities. Among them, walking has been shown to improve physical and mental well-being in every age group. Despite that, insufficient walking among university students has been increasingly reported, requiring walking promotion intervention. In order to do this, dividing students based on their intention to walk might be useful since the intention is considered as the best predictor of behaviour. In this work, we carried out a study on university students' intention to walk and some of its predictors by exploiting Item Response Theory (IRT) models. In particular, we inspected the predictors of intention by mean of Rating Scale Graded Response Model (RS-GRM). Then we used the Latent Class IRT model to divide students according to their intention to walk, including predictors' scores as covariates. We chose the intention's predictors according to an extension of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), with both classic and additional variables. The formers are attitude toward behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, whereas we used risk perception, self-efficacy, anticipation, self-identity and anticipated regret as additional variables. Data was collected administrating a self-report questionnaire to undergraduate students enrolled in the Psychology course at Federico II University of Naples.
PROBLEM OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE TECHNOLOGIES OF THE INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Добрынин С.Л. , Бурковский В.Л.
Published: May 2021

Произведена классификация технологий аддитивного производства по базовому состоянию материала: жидкая основа, твердая основа, порошковая основа. Даны определения распространенных технологий в зависимости от базового состояния материала. Описаны технологические процессы изготовления прототипов и конечных изделий методами аддитивного производства, включающие в себя проектирование 3D-модели, преобразование форматов, нарезку 3D-модели на слои, формирование G-code и непосредственно печать. Рассмотрены технологии четвертой промышленной революции как инструмент повышения эффективности управления технологическими процессами аддитивного производства. Представлена модель модернизации технологического процесса аддитивного производства на основе технологий промышленного интернета вещей, аппаратной реализацией которого является одноплатный компьютер Raspberry Pi, программной реализацией является MTConnect - промышленный стандарт обмена данными станков с числовым программным управлением. Использование Raspberry Pi, подключенных к нему датчиков и программного обеспечения OctoPrint реализует контроль и удаленное управлениe технологическим оборудованием аддитивного производства (3D-принтером) в режиме реального времени. Представлено техническое устройство основных подсистем облачной платформы аддитивного производства. Архитектура предлагаемой системы состоит из четырех уровней: уровень адаптера доступа, уровень виртуализации ресурсов, уровень управления службами, уровень пользовательского инструментария

We classified additive manufacturing technologies according to the basic state of the material: liquid base, solid base, powder base. We give definitions of common technologies depending on the basic state of the material. We describe the technological processes of manufacturing prototypes and final products by methods of additive manufacturing, including designing a 3D model, converting formats, slicing a 3D model into layers, forming a G-code and directly printing. We considered the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution as a tool for increasing the efficiency of control of technological processes of additive manufacturing. We present a model of modernization of the technological process of additive manufacturing based on technologies of the industrial internet of things, the hardware implementation of which is a single-board computer Raspberry Pi, the software implementation is MTConnect - an industrial standart for the exchange of data of machine tools with numerical control. Using Raspberry Pi, sensors connected to it and software OctoPrint implements control and remote management of additive manufacturing equipment (3D printer) in real time. We present the technical structure of the main subsystems of the cloud platform for additive manufacturing. The architecture of the proposed system consists of four levels: the access adapter level, the resource virtualization level, the service control level, and the user instrumentation level
MPU6050 MODULE CONTROL UNIT ON THE IC BUS BASED ON A MICROCONTROLLER
Authors: Буслаев А.Б. , Кошелева Н.Н. , Белокопытов С.С.
Published: May 2021

Рассматривается модуль GY-521, на котором установлена микросхема MPU6050, объединяющая в одном корпусе акселерометр, гироскоп и температурный датчик. Такие датчики изготовлены на основе микромеханических систем (МЭМС), основным преимуществом которых является малый размер, низкое энергопотребление и небольшая стоимость. Одновременное использование акселерометра и гироскопа позволяет определить изменение движения тела в трехмерном пространстве. Рассмотрены основные характеристики используемого модуля. Управление микросхемы осуществляется с помощью архитектуры интерфейса IC «ведущий-ведомый». В работе ведомым является MPU6050, а ведущим (производит запрос на чтение или запись данных) является микроконтроллер, имеющий в своем составе аппаратную шину передачи данных IC. Показана возможная программная реализация алгоритма подключения нескольких ведомых устройств (шести микросхем MPU6050). Представлена принципиальная схема подключения к одному порту ввода-вывода микроконтроллера. Рассмотрен алгоритм работы микроконтроллера с подключенными микросхемами (шестью) MPU6050. Приведены пример программы (с использованием языка ассемблер) инициализации связи с MPU6050, а также программа считывания данных для снятия последних измерений акселерометра, гироскопа, температурного датчика. Применение нескольких модулей с одновременным считыванием с них информации позволяет осуществлять контроль систем управления полетом, имеющих совокупность нескольких управляющих поверхностей и устройств

The paper considers the GY-521 module, which is equipped with the MPU6050 chip, which combines an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a temperature sensor in one housing. Such sensors are made on the basis of micromechanical systems (MEMS), the main advantages of which are small size, low power consumption and low cost. The simultaneous use of an accelerometer and a gyroscope allows you to determine the change in the movement of a body in three-dimensional space. We considered the main characteristics of the module used. The control of the chip is carried out using the architecture of the IC interface "master-slave". In operation, the MPU6050 is the host, and the master (makes a request to read or write data) is a microcontroller that has an IC hardware data bus. We show a possible software implementation of the algorithm for connecting multiple slave devices (six MPU6050 chips). We present a schematic diagram of the connection to a single I/O port of the microcontroller. We consider the algorithm of operation of the microcontroller with connected chips (six) MPU6050. We give an example of a program (using the assembly language) for initializing communication with the MPU6050, as well as a program for reading data for taking the latest measurements of the accelerometer, gyroscope, and temperature sensor. The use of several modules with simultaneous reading of information from them allows you to control flight control systems that have a set of several control surfaces and devices
DEVELOPMENT OF A HEAT-DRIVEN DEVICE FOR MOLDING LARGE-SIZED CONCRETE PRODUCTS
Authors: Боташев А.Ю. , Мусаев А.А. , Саидов М.А.
Published: May 2021

Устройство с тепловым энергоприводом для прессования является разновидностью импульсных устройств. Оно позволяет значительно снизить себестоимость прессуемых железобетонных изделий. Для обеспечения высокой мощности устройства для прессования и уменьшения его габаритных размеров и металлоемкости в его конструкции используется тепловой энергопривод внутреннего сгорания. Существующие прессы для прессования бетонных изделий большой мощности конструктивно сложны и дороги. Поэтому прессование применяют в основном при формовании штучных бетонных изделий небольшого размера. Разработан новый вид устройства для прессования крупногабаритных бетонных изделий. Для выполнения этой цели сделано устройство с тепловым энергоприводом для прессования крупногабаритных бетонных изделий, обеспечивающее высокую прочность этих изделий. Разработанное устройство имеет высокую производительность. Получены зависимости для определения энергосиловых параметров данного устройства, а также необходимой величины давления топливной смеси, обеспечивающей осуществление процесса прессования. В частности, для прессования бетонной плиты площадью 1мвполне достаточно давления топливной смеси 0,9 МПа. При этом давление и усилие прессования составляют: P = 11,7 МПа При увеличении давления топливной смеси до 2 МПа усилие прессования достигает 20 МН, что вполне достаточно для прессования крупногабаритных бетонных изделий

A device with a thermal power drive for pressing is a type of impulse devices. It allows one to significantly reduce the cost of compacted reinforced concrete products. To ensure high power of the device for pressing and to reduce its overall dimensions and metal consumption, a thermal energy drive of internal combustion is used in its design. Existing presses for molding concrete products of high power are structurally complex and expensive. Therefore, pressing is used mainly in the formation of small-sized concrete pieces. This article is devoted to the development of a new type of device for pressing large-sized concrete products. To achieve this goal, we developed a device with a thermal power drive for pressing large-sized concrete products, which ensures the high strength of these products. The developed device has a high performance. We obtained dependences for determining the power parameters of the device, as well as the required pressure of the fuel mixture, which ensures the implementation of the pressing process. In particular, for pressing a concrete slab with an area of 1 m, a fuel mixture pressure of 0.9 MPa is sufficient. In this case, the pressure and the pressing force are: P = 11,7 МРа , With an increase in the pressure of the fuel mixture to 2 MPa, the pressing force reaches 20 MN, which is quite enough for pressing large-sized concrete products
Drugi przełom dźwiękowy? Magnetofon Nagra i przemiany dźwięku filmowego w epoce postklasycznej
Authors: Stelmach Miłosz
Published: May 2021

Celem autora jest przybliżenie wpływu, jaki wywarł na kinematografię Stefan Kudelski i stworzona przez niego marka magnetofonów Nagra. Zwłaszcza skonstruowana pod koniec lat 50. Nagra III stała się niezwykle popularna wśród filmowców (wraz z innymi przełomowymi wynalazkami tego okresu), przyczyniając się do powstania nowego typu kina dokumentalnego, a także wpływając na metody produkcji fabularnej. Magnetofony marki Nagra na blisko trzy dekady stały się branżowym standardem, współtworząc takie ruchy jak francuska Nowa Fala czy Nowe Hollywood i tym samym biorąc znaczący udział w kształtowaniu się estetyki kina postklasycznego, wprowadzającego nowy rodzaj filmowego realizmu, a także znacznie większą swobodę w operowaniu dźwiękiem. Ten istotny epizod z historii techniki filmowej stanowi pretekst do ukazania tego, w jaki sposób postęp techniczny może stanowić przyczynek do przemian organizacji produkcji, praktyk branżowych, a także rozwiązań stricte artystycznych.
Drugie (cyfrowe) życie filmów Orsona Wellesa
Authors: Kozubek Małgorzata
Published: May 2021

W świetle najnowszych badań archiwalnych historia życia i twórczości Orsona Wellesa nie jest już tak enigmatyczna i tajemnicza jak w poprzednich dekadach, jednak za sprawą nowych odkryć oraz kolejnych premier filmów odrestaurowanych i ukończonych po śmierci reżysera nadal pozostaje gorącym tematem dla jego biografów. Autorka śledzi wpływ procesu technologicznego na końcowy kształt przywróconych do życia dzieł Wellesa głównie na przykładzie Drugiej strony wiatru (2018) – ostatniego filmu reżysera oraz Too Much Johnson (1938) – odnalezionego w 2013 r. jego średniometrażowego debiutu. Wybór tych tytułów podyktowany jest z jednej strony tym, że w obu przypadkach technologia odegrała bardzo istotną rolę, z drugiej – oba te filmy nie zostały jeszcze dogłębnie opisane.
Najintensywniej i najswobodniej być
Authors: Makowska Urszula
Published: May 2021

Wspomnienie o Profesorze Wiesławie Juszczaku (1932-2021).
Are people consistent when reading nonwords aloud on different occasions?
Authors: Ulicheva Anastasia , Coltheart Max , Grosseck Oxana , Rastle Kathleen
Published: May 2021

Tests of nonword reading have been instrumental in adjudicating between theories of reading and in assessing individuals’ reading skill in educational and clinical practice. It is generally assumed that the way in which readers pronounce nonwords reflects their long-term knowledge of spelling–sound correspondences that exist in the writing system. The present study found considerable variability in how the same adults read the same 50 nonwords across five sessions. This variability was not all random: Nonwords that consisted of graphemes that had multiple possible pronunciations in English elicited more intraparticipant variation. Furthermore, over time, shifts in participants’ responses occurred such that some pronunciations became used more frequently, while others were pruned. We discuss possible mechanisms by which session-to-session variability arises and implications that our findings have for interpreting snapshot-based studies of nonword reading. We argue that it is essential to understand mechanisms underpinning this session-to-session variability in order to interpret differences across individuals in how they read nonwords aloud on a single occasion.
DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS PARA A CARREIRA DOCENTE EM UM CENÁRIO DE EXPANSÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR A DISTÂNCIA NAS INSTITUIÇÕES PRIVADAS
Authors: Haas Celia Maria , Garcia Gladys Roberta
Published: May 2021

Segundo o último censo feito pela Associação Brasileira de Educação a Distância (ABED) em 2018/2019 foram contabilizados 9 milhões de alunos em cursos livres, de graduação e pós-graduação oferecidos nesta modalidade, indicando um crescimento exponencial da EaD. Pelo Censo Inep/2019, há 2.450.264 matriculados nos cursos de graduação em EaD. Diante dessa expansão, como fica a carreira docente? Este estudo buscou investigar a visão e perspectiva de carreira do professor da educação superior presencial de uma instituição privada na cidade de São Paulo, considerando o impacto da expansão da EaD em sua vida profissional, além de mapear os novos papéis que surgiram na área, confirmar as tensões provocadas pela expansão da EaD e verificar o que os professores têm feito para se prepararem para esta nova realidade. A coleta de dados feita pela aplicação de questionários, com perguntas objetivas e dissertativas, utilizou formulários do Google Forms, enviados a professores atuantes nos cursos presenciais. Observou-se que os professores apostam na formação continuada para manter sua empregabilidade, mesmo com as ameaças e tensões, tais como diminuição de espaços de atuação, perdas salariais, uso intensivo da tecnologia, entre outras mencionadas pelos docentes.
APRENDIZAGENS PROFISSIONAIS COLABORATIVAS E O APOIO AO PROFESSOR INICIANTE NO CONTEXTO DE UM PROGRAMA PÚBLICO NO BRASIL
Authors: Ferragut Passos Laurizete
Published: May 2021

A aproximação da universidade com a escola básica por meio de parcerias tem sido evocada pelas políticas públicas como estratégia de apoio e de desenvolvimento profissional que favorecem as aprendizagens dos professores e a melhoria de sua formação. A proposta do artigo é descrever e analisar as aprendizagens profissionais colaborativas ocorridas no âmbito de um programa público denominado Observatório da Educação-Obeduc do Ministério da Educação do Brasil. Os dados aqui explorados fazem parte de um dos projetos aprovados e que integraram um projeto maior em rede. O objetivo desse projeto foi compreender os múltiplos olhares e contextos trazidos por professores iniciantes e experientes num processo de formação planejado por todos a partir de suas práticas e de suas necessidades em relação ao ensinar e aprender matemática. A partir de análise documental, serão analisados episódios selecionados no contexto do programa e que evidenciaram que conhecimentos e trocas podem se constituir em apoio para os que estão iniciando na carreira. O estudo mostra as repercussões positivas da parceria da universidade com a escola ao reunir professores dos diferentes segmentos da escola básica e professores e pesquisadores da universidade em um trabalho colaborativo estabelecido pelo diálogo e pelas necessidades dos professores no desenvolvimento do seu trabalho na escola. Pesquisar e analisar programas públicos como o aqui abordado mostram a efetividade do discurso e do sentido da política para os professores, pois é da sua compreensão que podem se tornar ou não intérpretes dessa política na prática.
Análisis de la Práctica Docente en el Ámbito de la Educación Estadística en Educación Secundaria
Authors: Muñiz-Rodríguez Laura , Rodríguez-Muñiz Luis J.
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la práctica docente en el ámbito de la educación estadística de un grupo de profesorado de matemáticas en educación secundaria a partir de los resultados obtenidos mediante un cuestionario (N1=28) y un grupo de discusión (N2=14) en un estudio de naturaleza mixta, descriptiva y exploratoria. En cuanto a las fortalezas, se constata que la mayoría del profesorado (22 de los 28 participantes) percibe que su conocimiento del currículo en relación con la estadística y la probabilidad es alto, y 18 participantes hacen un notable uso de situaciones cotidianas o reales en sus clases. Por otro lado, el hecho de que casi la mitad del profesorado (11 participantes) nunca haya recibido formación sobre didáctica específica en matemáticas evidencia la necesidad de fomentar su conocimiento sobre la didáctica de la estadística, haciendo hincapié en el uso de materiales manipulativos, juegos, recursos tecnológicos, y gráficos distintos a los que suelen aparecer en el currículo de educación secundaria, pero que están muy presentes en la actualidad en contextos muy diversos y cercanos al alumnado. Los resultados perfilan los rasgos de una formación en el ámbito de la educación estadística para el profesorado de educación secundaria en formación y en ejercicio.
NARRATIVAS DE APRENDIZAJE DEL PROFESOR CUANDO SE PARTICIPA EN PROYECTOS INTERDISCIPLINARIOS
Authors: Lopes Celi Espasandin , Ribeiro Rogério Marques , Pazuch Vinícius
Published: May 2021

Este artigo decorre de um projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido em três escolas municipais brasileiras. Realizaram-se experiências pedagógicas a partir do delineamento, do desenvolvimento e da avaliação de projetos interdisciplinares realizados com alunos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental (11 – 14 anos). Estiveram envolvidos professores das áreas de Ciências, Geografia, Língua Portuguesa e Matemática. Neste estudo analisam-se as aprendizagens docentes constituídas e evidenciadas por esses professores nesses contextos. Considera-se a seguinte questão norteadora: quais aprendizagens docentes são narradas por professores, ao desenvolverem colaborativamente projetos interdisciplinares? Para desvelar as aprendizagens docentes, validaram-se as vozes dos professores por meio de narrativas escritas. Toma-se a investigação narrativa não somente como metodologia, mas também como forma de construir a realidade, uma vez que a metodologia está ancorada em uma ontologia. A narrativa favorece evidências sobre a experiência percebida e pode ser vista como um relato, captando a riqueza e os detalhes dos significados nos assuntos humanos, com base nas evidências do mundo e da vida. Reconstrói a experiência, reflete sobre o vivido e atribui significado ao sucedido. O processo de análise pauta-se em um procedimento de interpretação que utiliza a análise formal do texto, a descrição estrutural do conteúdo e a abstração analítica. O desafio de delinear e desenvolver um projeto interdisciplinar revelou o trabalho colaborativo entre os professores, que desencadeou novas práticas docentes, exercidas com autonomia, ética, consciência política e evidenciou a saída da zona de conforto. Assim, assumiram-se produtores de conhecimento e empoderaram-se teórica e metodologicamente.
Análisis de las Intuiciones y Conocimientos sobre Probabilidad de Estudiantes de Bachillerato
Authors: Martínez Pérez Sandra Areli , Sánchez Sánchez Ernesto A.
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es hacer un diagnóstico de las intuiciones y conocimientos sobre conceptos básicos de probabilidad, en sus enfoques clásico y frecuencial, que exhiben los estudiantes de bachillerato antes de llevar a cabo con ellos un experimento de diseño sobre el enfoque frecuencial. Se aplicó un cuestionario de 10 ítems a 22 estudiantes de bachillerato (17-18 años) que habían estudiado temas de introducción a la probabilidad (hasta las distribuciones) del curso institucional que llevan. El cuestionario contiene tres preguntas para explorar su comprensión de algunos términos de probabilidad, seis problemas en situaciones de urnas y un problema con información incompleta, que explora las ideas espontáneas que surgen cuando intentan relacionar la probabilidad con contextos diferentes a los juegos de azar. Las respuestas se categorizaron para determinar los patrones presentes que permitan ofrecer características de sus conocimientos. Los resultados del análisis revelan conocimientos parciales de los términos experiencia aleatoria, frecuencia relativa y probabilidad que se relacionan más con nociones de sus vivencias personales que con las definiciones técnicas. Aunque calculan probabilidades clásicas y frecuenciales en situaciones simples de urnas, tienen dificultades en la consideración de resultados de extracciones sucesivas. La noción de repetibilidad de una experiencia aleatoria no emerge en algunas situaciones en que sería pertinente y se percibe que se basan en un modelo subjetivo que no requiere la repetibilidad del experimento.
Lectura e interpretación de gráficos estadísticos, ¿cómo lo hace el ciudadano?
Authors: Salcedo Audy , González Jesús , González Johnnalid
Published: May 2021

La lectura, interpretación y evaluación de gráficos estadísticos forma parte de las competencias que debe alcanzar un ciudadano común para actuar con prestancia frente a la información estadística que a diario se encuentra en distintos medios. Estas razones han llevado a la mayoría de los países a incluir temas de estadística desde la educación primaria. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo leen e interpretan gráficos estadísticos una muestra de ciudadanos venezolanos. A partir de un gráfico estadístico, se elaboraron cuatro preguntas de diferentes niveles de exigencia. El cuestionario fue respondido por 407 venezolanos con diferentes niveles de formación académica. Los resultados evidencian que el grupo estudiado no tiene dificultades para leer de forma literal el gráfico, pero tiene problemas cuando se le pide reportar una información no explícita o generar una nueva información. Estos resultados pueden ser una referencia para la revisión de los procesos de formación estadística del ciudadano.
Financiamento público da saúde nos municípios brasileiros: análise da qualidade dos registros declarados ao Siops de 2002 a 2014 para a atenção básica
Authors: Souza Aline de , Andrade Mônica Viegas
Published: May 2021

O Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde (Siops) é um instrumento fundamental no entendimento da estrutura dos gastos municipais com saúde. Poucos trabalhos testam a confiabilidade das informações do sistema ao nível das subfunções. Este estudo propõe a análise da consistência dos registros do Siops considerando a desagregação para a subfunção atenção básica. Os registros foram analisados para o período 2002-2014. A confiabilidade das informações do Siops foi aferida através da construção de indicadores que associaram a presença de cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) à declaração de recebimento de transferências e de gastos com atenção básica. Os principais resultados mostram que os registros de receitas e despesas para a subfunção atenção básica melhoraram no período 2002-2014. Por sua vez, os registros de despesas específicas da ESF apresentaram alto nível de subdeclaração em grande parte dos municípios.
Brought to Light. II. Revealing the Origins of Cloaked Spiral Features in Cluster Passive Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Smith Rory , Michea Josefina , Pasquali Anna , Calderón-Castillo Paula , Kraljic Katarina , Paudel Sanjaya , Lisker Thorsten , Shin Jihye , Ko Jongwan , Peletier Reynier F. , Grebel Eva K.
Published: May 2021

In our companion paper (Brought to Light I: Michea et al.), we reveal spectacular spiral-galaxy-like features in deep optical imaging of nine Virgo early-type dwarf galaxies, hidden beneath a dominating smooth stellar disk. Using a new combination of approaches, we find that bar- and spiral-like features contribute 2.2%–6.4% of the total flux within 2 R
eff. In this study, we conduct high-resolution simulations of cluster harassment of passive dwarf galaxies. Following close pericenter passages of the cluster core, tidal triggering generates features in our model disks that bear a striking resemblance to the observed features. However, we find the disks must be highly rotationally supported (V
peak/σ
0 ∼ 3), much higher than typically observed. We propose that some early-type dwarfs may contain a few percent of their mass in a cold, thin disk that is buried in the light of a hot, diffuse disk and only revealed when they undergo tidal triggering. The red optical colors of our sample do not indicate any recent significant star formation, and our simulations show that very plunging pericenter passages (r
peri < 0.25r
vir) are required for tidal triggering. Thus, many cluster early-type dwarfs with less-plunging orbits may host a yet-undetected cold stellar disk component. We discuss possible origin scenarios and consider why similar-mass star-forming galaxies in the field are significantly more thin-disk dominated than in our cluster sample.
On the Possibility of Stellar Lenses in the Black Hole Candidate Microlensing Events MACHO-96-BLG-5 and MACHO-98-BLG-6
Authors: Abdurrahman Fatima N. , Stephens Haynes F. , Lu Jessica R.
Published: May 2021

Although stellar-mass black holes (BHs) are likely to be abundant in the Milky Way (N = 108–109), only 20 have been detected to date, all in accreting binary systems. Gravitational microlensing is a proposed technique to search for isolated BHs, which have not yet been detected. Two specific microlensing events, MACHO-1996-BLG-5 (M96-B5) and MACHO-1998-BLG-6 (M98-B6), initially observed near the lens-source minimum angular separation in 1996 and 1998, respectively, have long Einstein crossing times (>300 days), identifying the lenses as candidate black holes. Twenty years have elapsed since the time of lens-source closest approach for each of these events, indicating that if the lens and source are both luminous, and if their relative proper motion is sufficiently large, the two components should be spatially resolvable. In this work, we attempt to eliminate the possibility of a stellar lens for these events by: (1) using Keck near-infrared adaptive optics images to search for a potentially now-resolved, luminous lens, and (2) examining multi-band photometry of the source to search for flux contributions from a potentially unresolved, luminous lens. We combine detection limits from NIRC2 images with light-curve data to eliminate all non-BH lenses for relative lens-source proper motions above 0.81 mas yr−1 for M96-B5, and 2.48 mas yr−1 for M98-B6. Furthermore, we use WFPC2 broad-band images to eliminate the possibility of stellar lenses at any proper motion. We present the narrow range of non-BH possibilities permitted by our varied analyses. Finally, we suggest future observations to constrain the remaining parameter space via the methods developed in this work.
Radial Diffusion of Planetary Radiation Belts’ Particles by Fluctuations with Finite Correlation Time
Authors: Osmane Adnane , Lejosne Solène
Published: May 2021

Radial diffusion in planetary radiation belts is a dominant transport mechanism resulting in the energization and losses of charged particles by large-scale electromagnetic fluctuations. In this study, we revisit the radial diffusion formalism by relaxing the assumption of zero correlation time in the spectrum of fluctuations responsible for the transport of charged particles. We derive a diffusion coefficient by assuming fluctuations that (1) are time homogeneous, (2) too small to trap the particles, and (3) can decorrelate on timescales comparable to the transit time of the particles. We demonstrate through self-similar solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation that autocorrelation time τ

c
much larger than the linear transit time/particle drift period

τ

L

=

Ω

D

−
1

results in characteristic time for transport independent of the drift frequency and faster than for short correlation time. In both instances, that is for short (τ

L
≫ τ

c
) and long (τ

L
≪ τ

c
) autocorrelation time, the diffusion of particles is subdiffusive since the variance of increments along the magnetic drift shells L*, scales as 〈ΔL*2〉 ∼ t

s
, with s < 1. However, in the absence of sources and sinks, particle transport for both short and long autocorrelation times result in equilibrium distribution along L* with differences of less than 10% across lower magnetic drift shells. The main consequence of incorporating finite correlation time appears in intermediate times much longer than the drift period but before the distribution function reaches equilibrium and indicates the importance of quantifying observationally the spectral properties of fluctuations for the modeling of planetary radiation belts.
Simulating the Solar Minimum Corona in UV Wavelengths with Forward Modeling II. Doppler Dimming and Microscopic Anisotropy Effect
Authors: Zhao 赵 Jie 洁 , Gibson Sarah E. , Fineschi Silvano , Susino Roberto , Casini Roberto , Cranmer Steven R. , Ofman Leon , Li 黎 Hui 辉
Published: May 2021

In ultraviolet (UV) spectropolarimetric observations of the solar corona, the existence of a magnetic field, solar wind velocity, and temperature anisotropies modify the linear polarization associated with resonant scattering. Unlike previous empirical models or global models, which present blended results of the above physical effects, in this work, we forward-model expected signals in the H i Lyα line (121.6 nm) by adopting an analytic model that can be adjusted to test the roles of different effects separately. We find that the impact of all three effects is most evident in the rotation of the linear polarization direction. In particular, (1) for magnetic fields between ∼10 and ∼100 G, the Hanle effect modifies the linear polarization at low coronal heights, rotating the linear polarization direction clockwise (counterclockwise) when the angle between the magnetic field and the local vertical is greater (less) than the van Vleck angle, which is consistent with the result of Zhao et al.; (2) solar wind velocity, which increases with height, has a significant effect through the Doppler dimming effect at higher coronal heights, rotating the linear polarization direction in an opposite fashion to the Hanle effect; and (3) kinetic temperature anisotropies are most significant at lower heights in open nonradial magnetic field regions, producing tilt opposite to isotropic Doppler dimming. The fact that the three effects operate differently in distinct spatial regimes opens up the possibility for using linear polarization measurements in UV lines to diagnose these important physical characteristics of the solar corona.