bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic and nutrient removal during start-up period for domestic sewage treatment by an A/O mixed carrier system
Authors: Liao Wei , Li Hui-qiang , Yang Ping
Published: April 2020

This study combined biofilm method and A/O process reasonably to form the biological treatment system. This experiment focused on the performance of the system for domestic sewage according to the determination of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The A/O-mixed carrier system had a good removal effect on organic pollutants for simulated domestic sewage. At the start-up period, the average removal rates of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 92%, 90% and 55%, respectively. But the removal effect of total phosphorus was not ideal.
Effect of exposure time ratio on Intermittent Aerated Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Wang He , Li Hui-qiang
Published: April 2020

This study combined the IA craft, and the goal is to achieve aerobic, anoxic and even anaerobic alternating cycles in the same reactor to enhance biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. At present, there are many studies on the IA process, but less research on the IAMBBR craft. The IAMBBR craft combines intermittent aeration with a biofilm process, which can further improve the processing capacity of a continuous-flow biofilm reactor. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a detailed study of the IAMBBR craft. In addition, the exposure time ratio is an important parameter for the operation of the IA craft. By adjusting the exposure time ratio, the DO concentration in the reactor can be controlled, which affects the operation effect of the reactor. Therefore, this chapter mainly explores the effect of exposure time ratio on the operating effect of IAMBBR. Six operating stages were connected: the ratio of CA and exposure time are 3h/3h, 1h/1h, 30min/30min, 15min/15min, and 5min/5min, respectively, to study the removal effect of pollutants.
Modelling and analysis of grid-connected solar-PV system through current-mode controlled VSC
Authors: Saad Elsayed , Elkoteshy Yasser , AbouZayed Usama
Published: April 2020

Recently, solar-PV energy becomes one of the most vital renewable resources of electrical energy as it is utilized in all life applications. In case of connecting the solar-PV system with the utility grid a voltage-sourced converter (VSC) is required to convert the extracted solar-PV array’s DC power into AC. There are many methods to dominate the active and reactive power produced from the VSC. In the following model we use the current mode control as it has some features such as highly output accuracy, protection against over current troubles, robustness against AC side voltage and load variations. As the produced power from the solar cells is intermittent, the point of maximum power has to be tracked using an MPPT technique. Also, in order to reduce the system harmonics a filter must be implemented in the model. In this paper, a complete model of 50KW grid-connected solar-PV system using current-mode controlled two-level three-phase VSC (grid imposed frequency VSC) is implemented. Also, the Incremental Conductance model to track the point of maximum available power (MPPT) and LCL filter has been provided into the system with total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis in PSCAD/EMTDC
Energy savings potential from prismatic glass structure
Authors: Shemelin Viacheslav , Matuska Tomas , Sourek Borivoj , Jirka Vladimir
Published: April 2020

The simulation analysis of the potential energy savings from the prismatic glass structure has been provided. The two conventional triple glazings and two proposed triple glazings with prismatic glass have been experimentally tested to obtain the realistic angular selective optical properties. The experimental results have been compared with conventional triple glazing with clear glass panes and triple glazing with solar control pane applied. The comparison indicated high potential advantages of triple glazing with prismatic glass structures (especially for reverse symmetrical prism): low transmittance for high solar altitude–summer condition, high transmittance for low solar altitude–winter condition. The obtained transmittance characteristics were used as input data for the annual simulation of a typical office in the Czech Republic. The simulation has been performed in TRNSYS and TRNBuild software. The gathered results confirmed, that prismatic glass structure can bring energy savings for both cooling and heating energy demands.
Efficient utilization of Indian Coking Coal: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Kumar Manish , Tiwari Hari Prakash
Published: April 2020

The preservation of coking coal and the reduction of coke cost are gaining much importance in iron and steel industry. An effort is being made worldwide to maximize the use of inferior quality of coking coal in cokemaking without sacrificing the coke quality to minimize the coke cost. In general, Indian coking coals contain lower content of vitrinite (≤ 50%) and higher content of ash (≥ 15%) as compared to imported coking coal. Indian coking coals have poor washability characteristics also. Therefore, for making coal blend for coke making, selection of an appropriate proportion of Indian coking coals with imported coking coals is a major challenge for Indian steel industries. Proper selection of Indian coal not only reduces the coking coal import but also minimizes the coal blend cost with added benefits of the increase in the captive mine life. This paper touches the opportunities and challenges for efficient utilization of Indian coking coal as a component in the coal blend to produce the desired quality of coke.
Inclusions modification and improvement of machinability in a non-quenched and tempered steel with Mg treatment
Authors: Sun Han , Wu Liang-ping , Xie Jian-bo , Ai Ke-nan , Zeng Zhi-qi , Shen Ping , Fu Jian-xun
Published: April 2020

To explore the effect of Mg on the inclusions and machinability in a non-quenched and tempered steel, the industrial tests and machining experiments were carried out. The evolutions of the inclusions after Mg treatment were described and the machining effects between Mg addition and non-addition were compared. The results show that with Mg addition of 13 ppm, most of the long-strip inclusions above 50 µm were transformed into spindle and spherical inclusions with the sizes below 50 µm, and the density of inclusions increased from 197 to 356 mm2. The percentage of composite inclusions increased from 9.23 to 28.38%. The machining experiments show that the surface roughness of steel decreased from 4.64 to 2.81. After Mg–Ca treatment, the tool wear decreased from 0.164 to 0.113 mm, and the percentage of C-type chips increased from 24.37 to 79.03%.
Physiopathologie du syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées obstructives du sommeil
Authors: Khemliche Hauria , Ouayoun Michel-Christian
Published: April 2020

Introduction : L’étude de la physiopathologie du syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées
obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS) est indispensable pour comprendre
ses modalités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Matériels et Méthodes : Une revue
de la littérature a été effectuée sur les données spécifiques à l’homme. Résultats : Deux aspects sont impliqués : d’une part, les mécanismes concourant à l’obstruction
intermittente des voies aérifères supérieures (VAS) au cours du sommeil ; d’autre
part, ses conséquences que sont les troubles neurocognitifs, la maladie cardiovasculaire
et la dérégulation métabolique. Discussion : L’obstruction des VAS peut être expliquée par des conditions
anatomiques, mécaniques et neurofonctionnelles, en particulier le rétrocontrôle
proprioceptif et chimique de l’activité neuromusculaire des VAS. La compréhension
de l’impact du SAHOS a bénéficié des notions nouvelles de stress oxydant,
d’inflammation systémique de bas grade, de la découverte d’agents sensibles à l’hypoxie
et du rôle des cytokines. À l’origine de cette cascade d’événements : l’hypoxie
intermittente chronique.
Patient simulé et patient standardisé : peut-on en finir avec le terme SPs ?
Authors: Burnier Isabelle , Bouchard-Lamothe Diane , Khouani Zaki
Published: April 2020

Contexte : Les patients simulés et standardisés participent à l’éducation des professionnels de la santé depuis plus de 50 ans. Pourtant, la terminologie utilisée dans ce domaine reste encore sujette à confusion. Exégèse : Une mise en contexte historique permet de comprendre la variabilité des termes au fil du temps. Un aperçu narratif de l’évolution des définitions met en évidence l’origine de la confusion. Conclusion : À l’inverse des écrits de l’Amérique du Nord, la littérature internationale apparaît en faveur d’une distinction entre patient simulé et patient standardisé.
Advanced Cases of Birdshot HLA-A29 Retinochoroiditis: Prevalence and Characteristics
Authors: Elahi Sina , Lages Vania , Jeannin Bruno , Herbort Carl Peter
Published: April 2020

Purpose To establish the prevalence, morphological, and functional characteristics and evolution of advanced cases of birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC).

Methods A retrospective review of all BRC cases seen at the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland, with at least 3 years of follow-up since the onset of symptoms. The following parameters were evaluated: demographic characteristics, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photographs, fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green (ICGA) angiography frames, and visual field evaluation from initial visit to last follow-up.

Results Out of the 1920 patients with uveitis who were followed from 1995 until 2018, 32 (1.67%) were diagnosed with BRC; 20 of these 32 patients had sufficient data to be included. Three of these twenty patients (15.0%) had severe forms of the disease. Two patients had received insufficient treatment and one progressed despite attempted maximal therapy. The mean BCVA was 0.62 (± 0.42) at presentation, which was already at an advanced stage of the disease, and 0.51 (± 0.37) at last follow-up. The average visual field mean defect (VFMD) was 19.65 (± 4.71 dB) at presentation and 21.40 (± 2.45 dB) at last follow-up. Choroidal inflammatory activity monitored by ICGA decreased from 10.67 (± 9.18) at presentation to 6.67 (± 5.61) at last follow-up. FA revealed mild retinal vasculitis at 6.50 (± 4.76), which remained stable to 4.67 (± 3.20). EDI-OCT estimated choroidal thickness (EDI-OCT-CT) measurements were 246.36 (± 116.93 µm) at presentation and 231.30 (± 120.70 µm) at the last follow-up.

Conclusions In our setting, 15% of BRC cases had a severe course and suffered extensive irreversible chorioretinal damage, obviously due to insufficient treatment in two cases. This underlines the importance of correctly diagnosing BRC and initiating therapy as promptly as possible to avoid such outcomes in an otherwise possibly controllable disease.
Noncanonical Action of Thyroid Hormone Receptors α and
β
Authors: Hönes G. Sebastian , Geist Daniela , Moeller Lars C.
Published: April 2020

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for the regulation of many physiological
processes, especially growth, organ development, energy metabolism and
cardiovascular effects. TH acts via the TH receptors (TR) α and
β. By binding to thyroid hormone responsive elements (TREs) on the DNA,
TRs regulate expression of TH target genes. Thus, TRs are mainly characterized
as ligand dependent transcription factors and regulation of gene expression and
protein synthesis is considered the canonical mode of TH/TR action. The
demonstration that the ligand-bound TRs α and β also mediate
activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway established
noncanonical TH/TR action as an additional mode of TH signaling.
Recently, TR mutant mouse models allowed to determine the underlying mode of
TH/TR action, either canonical or noncanonical TH/TR signaling,
for several physiological TH effects in vivo: Regulation of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis requires DNA-binding of TRβ, whereas
hepatic triglyceride content appears to be regulated by noncanonical TRβ
signaling. TRα mediated effects in bone development are dependent on
DNA-binding, whereas several cardiovascular TRα effects are rapid and
independent from DNA-binding. Therefore, noncanonical TH/TR action
contributes to the overall effects of TH in physiology.
Diagnosis and Management of Depression in CRS: A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Levy Joshua M. , Wilson Machelle , Strong E. Bradley , Steele Toby O.
Published: April 2020

Introduction Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) is present in up to 25% of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) cases and provides prognostic information for patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Clinical visits offer an opportunity to identify at-risk patients.

Objective The purpose of the present study is to evaluate practice patterns among members of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) in screening for/diagnosing MDD.

Methods A 21-question survey was distributed to 1,206 members of the ARS from May 26, 2018 to June 12, 2018. The impact of demographic factors, including hospital setting, fellowship status, and experience were assessed through chi-squared analysis.

Results A total of 80 members of the ARS completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 7%. Half of the respondents worked in academic settings and 43% had completed a rhinology fellowship. Twenty percent of the participants felt comfortable diagnosing or managing MDD, while only 10% of participants screened for MDD in patients with CRS. Respondents cited a lack of training (76%) and unfamiliarity with diagnostic criteria (76%) as barriers to the routine assessment of MDD. Most respondents (95%) considered comorbid psychiatric illness to negatively impact outcomes following ESS. Fellowship-trained respondents were significantly more likely to implement screening tools in their practice (p = 0.05), and believe in the negative impact of MDD on postoperative outcomes (p = 0.007), cost of care (p = 0.04) and quality of life (p = 0.047).

Conclusion Amongst ARS members, 95% of the respondents consider comorbid MDD to negatively impact patient outcomes following ESS. Regardless, a large proportion of surgeons neither screen nor feel comfortable diagnosing MDD.
Adequate Number of Swallows for Pharyngeal Pressure Measurement of a Subject using High-resolution Manometry
Authors: Tsuyumu Matsusato , Hama Takanori , Kato Takakuni , Kojima Hiromi
Published: April 2020

Introduction The number of pressure measurements that need to be recorded using high-resolution manometry (HRM) for the accurate evaluation of pharyngeal function is not well established.

Objective The purpose of this study is to clarify the number of swallows required to obtain an accurate pharyngeal manometric profile of a person.

Methods Forty healthy adults performed a dry swallow and bolus swallows using 3-, 5-, or 10 ml of water and underwent measurements using the Starlet HRM system. Each subject underwent 10 swallows for each of the four bolus volume conditions.

Results The mean of up to seven measurements of maximum pre-swallow upper esophageal sphincter pressure with 10 ml of swallow was close to the mean of up to eight measurements in 95% of the subjects. Similarly, the rate of change of the average for the eighth and ninth measurements and the rate of change for the average of the ninth and tenth measurements were less than 5%. When the other parameters were similarly measured up to the sixth measurement, no major change in the average value was observed even if more measurements were taken.

Conclusion A minimum of six measurements are required, and seven swallows are sufficient for evaluating the pharyngeal manometric profile of a single person. This number of measurements can be a useful criterion when performing HRM measurements on individual subjects.
Is the Level of Noise in a School Environment be Harmful to the Hearing of Teachers?
Authors: Novanta Gabriela Guenther Ribeiro , Garavelli Sergio Luiz , Sampaio Andre Luiz Lopes
Published: April 2020

Introduction The excessive noise observed in the school environment can cause damages or losses to the learning process as well as risks to the health of teachers and students, such as physical, mental and social impairments, including, among them, hearing loss.

Objective To assess otoacoustic emissions in teachers and determine whether classroom noise reduces distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Method Sixty-seven teachers were evaluated using otoacoustic emissions testing in two situations: after hearing rest and after the working day.

Results Signal amplitude (p = 0.044 [2 kHz]; p = 0.01 [4 kHz]) and SNR for frequencies of 2 kHz (p = 0.008) and 4 kHz (p = 0.001) decreased significantly between time points. Mean classroom noise was associated with the magnitude of the difference in signal amplitude at 2 kHz (p = 0.017) and 4 kHz (p = 0.015), and SNR at 4 kHz (p = 0.023).

Conclusions There was a decrease in the amplitude and in the SNR after exposure to the noise in the classroom environment. The high levels of sound pressure that teachers are exposed to on a daily basis can cause a temporary change in the outer hair cells of the Corti organ, and these changes may become permanent over time.
Comparison of Relative Loudness Judgment in Children using Listening Devices with Typically Developing Children
Authors: Tak Shubha , Yathiraj Asha
Published: April 2020

Introduction Loudness perception is considered important for the perception of emotions, relative distance and stress patterns. However, certain digital hearing devices worn by those with hearing impairment may affect their loudness perception. This could happen in devices that have compression circuits to make loud sounds soft and soft sounds loud. These devices could hamper children from gaining knowledge about loudness of acoustical signals.

Objective To compare relative loudness judgment of children using listening devices with age-matched typically developing children.

Methods The relative loudness judgment of sounds created by day-to-day objects were evaluated on 60 children (20 normal-hearing, 20 hearing aid users, & 20 cochlear implant users), utilizing a standard group comparison design. Using a two-alternate forced-choice technique, the children were required to select picturized sound sources that were louder.

Results The majority of the participants obtained good scores and poorer scores were mainly obtained by children using cochlear implants. The cochlear implant users obtained significantly lower scores than the normal-hearing participants. However, the scores were not significantly different between the normal-hearing children and the hearing aid users as well as between the two groups with hearing impairment.

Conclusion Thus, despite loudness being altered by listening devices, children using non-linear hearing aids or cochlear implants are able to develop relative loudness judgment for acoustic stimuli. However, loudness growth for electrical stimuli needs to be studied.
The Use of Exergames in the Neurorehabilitation of People with Parkinson Disease: The Impact on Daily Life
Authors: Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , José Maria Renata , Severiano Maria Izabel Rodrigues , Santos Geslaine Janaína Bueno dos , Teive Helio Afonso Ghizoni , Liberalesso Paulo Breno Noronha , Marques Jair Mendes , Rosa Michéli Rodrigues da , Santos Rosane Sampaio , Malisky Jéssica Spricigo
Published: April 2020

Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive degeneration characterized by motor disorders, such as tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness and postural instability.

Objective To evaluate the independence, confidence and balance in the development of daily activities in patients with PD before and after rehabilitation.

Methods A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 16 patients (mean 57.6 ± 18.7 years), submitted to anamnesis, otolaryngological evaluation and vestibular assessment. The Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living (VADL) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scales were applied before and after rehabilitation with virtual reality.

Results a) The instrumental subscale of the questionnaire showed statistically significant result (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.21; 2.21) between the first and second assessments; b) The correlation between the questionnaires showed statistically significant result in the ambulation subscale (p = 0.011; 95% CI −0.85; −0.17) first and (p = 0.002, 95% CI −0.88; −0.31) second assessments, and the functional subscale was only verified in the second assessment (p = 0.011, 95% CI −0.85; −0.17); and c) The patients presented clinical improvement in the final assessment after rehabilitation with significant result for the tightrope walk (p = 0.034, 95% CI −12.5; −0.3) and ski slalom games (p = 0.005, 95% CI −34.8; −6.6).

Conclusions Our results showed that the VADL and ABC questionnaires, applied before and after rehabilitation, were important tools to measure the independence, confidence and balance while developing daily activities. The VADL and ABC questionnaires may effectively contribute to quantify the effect of the applied therapeutics and, consequently, its impact on the quality of life of patients with PD.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO MEASURE PATIENTS' PERCEPTION OF QUALITY OF NURSING CARE AT MEDICAL WARDS
Authors: A. Tamilselvi , Reghunath Rajee
Published: April 2020

Traditionally quality of care has been measured against expectations of health professionals and standards rather than being grounded in the perspectives of patients. The most important aspect on which patients' perspective on quality of care depends is “nursing care” because nurses are involved in every aspect of patients' care in hospital. Thus, it is important to measure patients' perception of quality of nursing care in medical wards. A cross sectional descriptive study design was used and total of 50 patients recruited for the study by using purposive sampling technique. Patients' satisfaction with nursing care quality (PSNCQQ) questionnaire was used to measure the patients' perception of quality of nursing care after obtaining reliability. The results revealed that 34% of patients were between the age group of 21-40 years and half of them were males. The total mean score of patients' perception of quality of nursing care was 64.8 with standard deviation of (+) or (-) 13.2 and 40 patients' (80%) perceived overall aspect of quality of nursing care. There were 19 (38%) perceived low quality in the dimensions of providing information and skill and competency. This was supported by the results of the study revealed that almost 1/3 patients (31.6%) perceived that nurses did not offer adequate “explanation and information” about their treatment in hospital and home care and follow up advice. Thus, it was concluded that nurses need to improve their skill and competency and update their knowledge by attending continuing nursing education program and skill training workshops
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE FACTORS INFLUENCING UNMET NEED OF FAMILY PLANNING AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN SELECTED VILLAGES OF UDUPI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA
Authors: R. Lekshmi A. ,   Ansuya,   Manjula
Published: April 2020

Background: Millions of women worldwide who are sexually active, who would prefer to avoid becoming pregnant, but are not using any contraception, these women are considered to have an “unmet need” for Family Planning. The concept of “unmet need” points to 1 the gap between some women's reproductive intensions and their contraceptive behaviour. Bridging the gap can lead to a great success in the family planning programme and realization of the dream of stable population.

Objectives: To assess the unmet need of family planning and the factors influencing the unmet need among married women.

Materials and Methods:A descriptive survey was under taken among 280 married women selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaire.

Results: About 41.1% of the total subjects had the unmet need for family planning in that 32.2% were having unmet need for spacing and 67.8% for limiting. Majority (55.7%) were not using family planning because of fertility related reasons. The study revealed that there was a significant association between unmet need and variables like age and number of living children. There was a significant association between unmet need and fertility related reasons.

Conclusion: Since the unmet need of family planning is existing, awareness of the public in relation to family planning should be ongoing especially to the general public with lower level of education.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF LIGNOCAINE AND BENZOCAINE PATCHES FOR VARIOUS DENTAL TREATMENTS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Rai Kavita , Hegde Amitha M. , Jacob Mary , Charyulu R. Narayana
Published: April 2020

This study was done to evaluate the clinical efficacy of lidocaine and benzocaine patches in various dental treatment in children. A total of 120 patients were divided into two groups, i.e Group A and Group B. Group A, consisted of 60 children where lignocaine patches were placed and Group B where Benzocaine patches were placed. For each group, the onset of action was recorded after checking for symptoms of anesthesia, subjective and objective pain assessment was evaluated by the VAS and the SEM scale. There was an earlier onset of action which was seen for Lignocaine compared to Benzocaine. But when each of the treatments were compared the anesthetic effect from patches kept the patient comfortable for minimally invasive procedures like band adaptation and was statistically significant. The VAS(Visual analogue scale) scores recorded were statistically significant for the pulpectomy procedure for Benzocaine group compared to Lignocaine. SEM (Sound eyes motor scale) scores were suggestive that the children were more comfortable with the Lignocaine patches when compared to Benzocaine patches.(p <0.0001).

The extraction procedures of only grade 3 mobile teeth, pulp therapy for non-vital teeth and band adaptation were clinically successful for both the groups. Our study concluded that, bioadhesive patches can be an alternative over infiltration anesthesia in minimally invasive dental procedures and also could be used successfully for reducing the pain of nerve blocks for children as well as adults which has to be administered in the case of more invasive procedures like pulp therapy.
JACOBSON'S PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION (JPMR) TRAINING TO REDUCE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Authors: Bommareddi Prameelarani , Valsaraj Blessy Prabha ,   Shalini
Published: April 2020

Background: The term AIDS refers only to the last stage of the HIV infection. AIDS can be called as our modern pandemic affecting both industrialized and developing countries.

Objectives: To assess the anxiety and depression among people living with HIV as measured by HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), to determine the effectiveness of JPMR in terms of reduction in the mean posttest anxiety and depression scores, to find the association of anxiety and depression among people living with HIV with selected demographic and disease specific variables.

Materials and Methods: one group pre test and post test design was used. 30 people living with HIV who were admitted at ART center, District Hospital, Udupi were selected and different scales on anxiety and depression scale for people living with HIV were administered. Purposive sampling technique was used for the study.

Results: Out of 30 subjects, 13.30% (4) experienced abnormal anxiety and 16.7% (5) abnormal depression. There was significance difference between mean difference of pretest and post test scores of anxiety (t=8.471, df=29, p=0.001) and depression (t=6.811, df=29, p=0.001). Anxiety is independent of the selected variables (Demographic and disease specific). Depression is dependent on previous history of psychiatric illness (÷2=6.584, df =2, p=0.037).

Conclusion: JPMR is a simple non-invasive, cost effective method. The result showed that JPMR training had a positive effect in reducing the anxiety and depression and JPMR can be used as an effective alternative therapy.
DIFFERENCES IN AWARENESS OF DIABETES AMONG MALES AND FEMALES
Authors: Jayachandran Sunaina , Pradeep Shwetha , P. Tintu K. , Shajahan Shehanaz , Mathew Sheena , J. Sushmitha D. , Gowda Tejaswini , Kundapur Rashmi ,   Santhosh
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Metabolic diseases dramatically affect life of men and women from infancy up to old age and are a major challenge for clinicians. Sex and gender affect screening and diagnosis of metabolic diseases as well as treatment strategies and outcome.

Aims & Objectives: To differentiate the knowledge of diabetes among both the gender and to study some practices like smoking, alcohol & exercise among males and females to avoid diabetes

Materials and Methods: Community based cross-sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of questions that were based on the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding the risk factors of Diabetes was prepared. Only students willing to participate in the study were included. The questionnaire was to be filled anonymously. We collected data from 600 adolescents of age group 16-18years out of which 364 were females and 236 were males.

Results: According to our study the results showed that 82.63% males and 92% females think that had knowledge about diabetes, 61.8% males, 52.2% females had knowledge about the increase in rates of diabetics. 61.8% males and 52.2% females had knowledge about complications. 70.7%males and 73% females had knowledge about prevention of diabetes. 27.1% males and 24.4% females think there is complete cure for diabetes. Only 16.97%males and 11.8% females thought that they were at increased risk of diabetes.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE BETWEEN POSTGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS AND LLB STUDENTS REGARDING EUTHANASIA IN SELECTED COLLEGES OF UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: Verghese Ashley Elizabeth , Mathew Prince , Salins Ronald , Mathew Sminu , Kuriakose Basil ,   Shobha
Published: April 2020

The concept of euthanasia is based on the philosophy of humanism and compassion. It recognizes the autonomy of an individual, freedom of choice to live or die with dignity. It is a very sensitive issue that polarized the world. Euthanasia is one of the most perplexing issues which the world faces today.

In this study, the knowledge of postgraduate nursing students and LLB students was assessed by using structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude by attitude scale. The findings of the study revealed that out of 40 postgraduate nursing students, 57.5% were Christians, 35% were Hindus and 7.5% were belonged to other religious groups. Among the LLB students 85% were Hindus, 12.5% were Muslims and 2.5% were Christians. Among the postgraduate nursing students, 80% were females and among LLB students, 60% were females. The result also showed that, 62.5% of the nursing and LLB students had good knowledge and 65% of the nursing students and 57.5% of the LLB students were favouring euthanasia respectively. There was no significant difference between knowledge of nursing students and LLB students.
OVERCOMING VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN VEGAN DIET
Authors: Baby Prassanna ,   Sridevy
Published: April 2020

Vitamin B12 is a crystalline compound essential to a number of micro-organisms and animals, including humans. So far as is known it is not present in higher plants. Pure vegetarian food is nearly free from vit. B12. It is a nutrient that needs attention in vegan diet. Vegetarians are at risk for vitamin B(12) (B12) deficiency due to suboptimal intake. Dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 due to vegetarianism is increasing and causes hyperhomocysteinemia Areas for research include intermittent vitamin B12 supplement dosing and better measurements of the bioavailability of B12 in fermented vegetarian foods and algae. The goal of the present literature review was to create an awareness among the vegans to identify the vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12 and to incorporate them into their daily diet.
A RARE CASE OF CHONDROMA OF CARTILAGINOUS NASAL SEPTUM
Authors: P. Shrinath D. Kamath , Shetty Kishore , Shetty Anusha , Mathias Michelle , Rent Natashya
Published: April 2020

Chondroma is a benign tumor of cartilaginous origin. Nasal septal chondromas are rare and almost always arise from the bony septum. Considering the very rare occurrence of chondroma from anterior part of the septum, we report a case of Chondroma of the nasal septal cartilage in an adult female, who presented with progressive unilateral nasal obstruction. CT scan showed the minimally enhancing lesion from the anterior septum confined to the left nasal cavity. Excision of the mass was done endoscopically. Histopathological examination of the specimen was suggestive of chondroma.
RETRO-AORTIC LEFT RENAL VEIN WITH DOUBLE LEFT RENAL ARTERY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: K. Vishal , V. Vinay K. , K. Remya ,   Swathi
Published: April 2020

The kidneys are the excretory organs. The kidneys are supplied by right and left renal arteries at the level of second lumbar vertebrae. They are drained by right and left renal vein which runs anterior to renal arteries.

During routine dissection of an adult male cadaver in the department of Anatomy, we observed an unusual variation in the blood vessels supplying left kidney.

These variations are due to persistence of embryonic vessels.

Though variations in the renal vessels are common, proper knowledge of variations is essential not only to the anatomists but also for the clinicians and to perform surgical and radiological procedures more safely and efficiently.
SPIRAL CT A SEARCH ENGINE FOR DIAGNOSING MULTIPLE CANALS - A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Halkai Kiran , Halkai Rahul , Hegde Mithra N. , S. Sapna , M. Narender Reddy
Published: April 2020

Successful treatment of any case mainly depends on proper diagnosis; this is particularly true when we are doing an endodontic treatment. Internal anatomy of root canal system varies a lot and predisposes to inadequate root canal preparation and should be recognized before or during treatment. Proper knowledge of these anatomical variations and proper diagnosis are of paramost important. As the routine diagnostic aids, radiograph is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional object where the internal anatomy of the tooth cannot be appreciated properly. Spiral computed tomography (SCT) has got an advantage as it gives a 3 dimensional image of a given object. We present an interesting case of multiple canals in all the teeth except incisors in a single patient which was diagnosed with the aid of Dental CT and its potential role, this diagnostic method can help in the field of endodontics
NARROW BAND IMAGING-INSIGHT INTO THE INTERIORS
Authors: Achalli Sonika , Madi Medhini , Babu Subhas G. , Shetty Shishir Ram
Published: April 2020

Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) is a recent method of imaging which can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic device along with standard diagnostic protocol. This technology will improve clinicians' ability to detect early changes in inflammatory and dysplastic tissues. Recently there has been a rapid progression in its use in patients with head and neck cancer. NBI system is based on the principle of producing blue light which penetrates less deeply into the tissues of precancerous and cancerous lesions when compared to that of conventional white light and thus helps clinicians' to get a much better view of superficial structures.
EVALATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARKERS OF LIVER FUNCTION AND THE ONSET OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Philip Raiza , Mathias Michelle , N. Suchetha Kumari , M. Damodara Gowda K. , K. Jayaprakash Shetty
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetic individuals are highly prone to liver function test abnormalities than non-diabetic individuals. Increased activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and ?- glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are indicators of hepatocellular injury. Increased activity of these markers is associated with insulin resistance [1], metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus burden is one of the key concerns in developing countries like India. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between markers of liver function and the onset of type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted after the approval from institutional ethical committee. Twenty five patients reporting to the OPD of K. S. Hegde Hospital diagnosed for type 2 diabetes between the age group of 40-50 years of both sex and 25 healthy age and sex matched individuals were included in the study. Under aseptic precautions blood samples were collected and centrifuged to get serum and was used for estimation. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationship between serum glucose and liver function enzymes.

Result: The results of the present showed that the ALT, AST and GGT levels in Type 2 Diabetic patients was increased significantly (p<0.01) as compared to normal controls.

Conclusion: In this study, we found an association between the level of liver enzymes, ALT, AST and GGT in type 2 diabetes. Thus these liver enzyme levels can be used as a biomarker for the assessment of type 2 diabetes.
RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Pillai Arjun S. , Nayanar Arjun , Chopra Arushi , Suresh Avinash , Shaffi Chilsia , Harikrishnan Kiran , Kundapur Rashmi , K. Ravi ,   Apoorva,   Balika
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Alcoholism is the recent trend among college students. Peer pressure,stress,depression are some factors that drive these students to practice this social evil. Under intoxication,consequences are grave. Drunk and driving, road traffic accidents, legal issues, antisocial activities are some of them, that has proved alcoholism a public menace.

Objective: To assess the risk factors and consequences of alcohol consumption among adolescents.

Materials and Methods: A survey was carried out in the colleges under NITTE University. Students present at the day and time of visit were covered. A questionnaire was prepared comprising of a set of 14 questions covering the main objective of the survey. The students were asked to fill the questionnaire irrespective of their gender or whether they consume alcohol or not.

Results: From the survey, we found that social gatherings and lifestyle adaptation are major factors that prompt students to consume alcohol. Peer pressure,stress and parents influence are other factors.

The consequences observed are legal issues and family problems. But majority didn't seem to face any grave problems due to alcohol intoxication.

Conclusions: According to our study, more than 55% of the subjects that consume alcohol do so due to peer pressure, academic stress and emotional stress. Also, more than quarter of those consuming alcohol are involved in road traffic accidents and other legal issues, as well as having familial problems.
QUANTITY AND PREVALENCE WITH GENDER COMPARISON FOR ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Azeez Abdul , Faizal Ahamed , Ranjan Amrish , R. Anjana , C. Anjuna K. , S. Anupam , M. Aparna , Kundapur Rashmi , Raj Harsha
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Alcoholism is the recent trend among college students. Various studies conducted in India as well as in the West show clear indications of increasing prevalence of alcohol consumption among youngsters. Studies conducted abroad also revealed that the gap between males and females consuming alcohol is narrowing

Objective: Our study was aimed at measuring the prevalence of alcohol consumption among college students and analyzing its variation with respect to gender.

Materials and Methods: A survey was carried out in the colleges under NITTE University. Students present at the day and time of visit were covered. A questionnaire was prepared comprising of a set of 14 questions covering the main objective of the survey. The students were asked to fill the questionnaire irrespective of their gender or whether they consume alcohol or not.

Results: We have conducted our survey in 1150 college students.713 females and 337 males participated in the survey. Out of 1150 students, 304(26.4%) consumes alcohol.167 (54.9%) were males and 137 (45.1%) were females. Most of them were social drinkers . Majority of them consumed 2-3 drinks in one sitting. Tendency of binge drinking is high.

Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption comes up to a quarter of the total population surveyed most of them being social drinkers with males outnumbering females but with a visible reduction in the observed gap.. A survey was conducted among students of 3 colleges to acquire the necessary data which were analyzed to form the conclusions.
ORAL HEALTH STATUS DURING PREGNANCY IN MANGALORE
Authors: Amin Reshma , Shetty Pushparaja
Published: April 2020

Aim: To assess the oral health status of pregnant and non-pregnant women in the age group of 18 to 35 years in Mangalore.

Materials and Methods: The oral health status of 153 pregnant and 168 non-pregnant women in the designated age group who presented at the outpatient department of a private hospital in Mangalore over a period of 6 months (june 2011-November 2011) was evaluated by various indices including the oral hygiene simplified index (OHI-S), decayed, missing, filled, teeth Index (DMFT) periodontal Index by Russell (PI)

Results: The frequency of occurrence of dental caries in pregnant women was not significantly different from (p=0.659) from that in non-pregnant women, however the OHI-S value (1.031±0.998) was significantly higher (p<.001) in pregnant women than that (0.592±0.464) in non-pregnant women. Similarly the periodontal index tended to be significantly higher (P<0.001) in pregnant women (0.737±0.476) than that in non-pregnant women (0.378±0.401)

Conclusion: Indices of oral health tended to be higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, suggesting a poorer oral health status in pregnancy in this setting.
Two-Stage Exchange Using a Short Intramedullary Nail for Treatment of Periprosthetic Knee Infections: A Technique Worth Questioning
Authors: Mohamed Nequesha S. , Etcheson Jennifer I. , Wilkie Wayne A. , Remily Ethan A. , Kluk Matthew W. , Thompson John , Plate Johannes F. , Mont Michael A. , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: April 2020

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are serious orthopaedic complications that pose marked burdens to both patients and health care systems. At our institution, two-stage exchange with a temporary short antibiotic cement-coated intramedullary nail was utilized for the treatment of repeat PJIs in a series of compromised patients with considerable bone loss. This study reports on (1) success rates, (2) functional and pain outcomes, (3) and complications for patients receiving a temporary short intramedullary nail for the treatment of PJI. Our institutional database was queried for all repeat knee PJI patients between March 1st, 2009 and February 28th, 2015. Patients with type II/III Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) bone defects who underwent two-stage exchange arthroplasty with a short antibiotic-coated intramedullary nail were included for analysis (n = 31). Treatment success was determined using the Delphi-based consensus definition of a successfully treated PJI: infection eradication (healed wound with no recurrence of infection by the same organism), no further surgical intervention for infection after reimplantation, and no PJI-related mortality. A paired t-test was performed to assess for continuous variables. A total of 26 patients went on to reimplantation, while 5 patients retained the intramedullary nail. Overall treatment success was 74.2%. Range of motion significantly decreased postoperatively (102.1 vs. 87.3 degrees; p < 0.001), while Knee Society Scores (function) significantly increased (55.6 vs. 77.7, p < 0.001). A majority of patients were full weight-bearing immediately following surgery (38.7%). Treating poor health status patients with PJI of the knee can be difficult after multiple revisions. With a success rate similar to conventional methods, our results demonstrate that two-stage exchange with a temporary short intramedullary nail may be a desirable treatment option for patients with bony defects wishing to avoid amputation or permanent arthrodesis. However, this method does not outperform other treatment modalities, and may not be suitable for all patients. Patient expectations and health status should be carefully assessed to determine if this procedure is appropriate in this complex patient population.
Evidence and Considerations on Treatment of Small Size Merkel Cell Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Kotelnikova Elena Festa , Laus Melissa , Croce Adelchi
Published: April 2020

Introduction Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine malignant cancer. It is an epidermal cancer common in the head and neck.

Objectives Though there is limited number of cases described in the literature for the treatment difficult to obtain. Our purpose was to present the clinical course and treatment of four patients with MCC.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis and obtained detailed clinical information for all 4 patients treated for MCC at the ENT Department of the SS Annunziata Hospital in Chieti, Italy, from 2013 through 2015.

Results In our study, two patients presented with the tumor in a rare site (lower eyelid). All of the patients underwent surgical treatment: three patients had free excision margins and negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) while 1 patient had free excision margins and positive SLNs. The latter patient underwent ipsilateral neck dissection. In another patient, the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission topography (FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) performed 6 months after the surgery has shown high metabolic activity in the left parotid gland, and the patient underwent total parotidectomy and a neck dissection.

Conclusion Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a useful technique in small size MCCs of the head and neck. However, the parotid gland should be strictly controlled in patients with lower eyelid tumors.
Surgical Management of Retraction Pockets: Does Mastoidectomy have a Role?
Authors: Dispenza Francesco , Mistretta Antonina , Gullo Federico , Riggio Francesco , Martines Francesco
Published: April 2020

Introduction Retraction pocket is a condition in which the eardrum lies deeper within the middle ear. Its management has no consensus in literature.

Objective To assess the role of mastoidectomy in the management of retraction pockets added to a tympanoplasty.

Methods Prospective study of patients with retraction pocket and referred to surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one managed with tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy and the other group with tympanoplasty only. The minimum follow-up considered was 12 months. The outcomes were: integrity of eardrum, recurrence, and hearing status.

Results This study included 43 patients. In 24 cases retraction occurred in the posterior half of the eardrum, and in 19 patients there was clinical evidence of ossicular interruption. The two groups of treatment were composed by: 21 patients that underwent tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy and 22 patients had only tympanoplasty. One case of the first group had a recurrence. In 32 cases patients follow up was longer than 48 months. The average air-bone gap changed from 22.1 dB to 5 dB. The percentage of air-bone gap improvement was assessed at 60% in those patients treated with mastoidectomy, and 64.3% in those without it (p > 0.5).

Conclusion Tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty should be considered to treat atelectatic middle ear and ossicular chain interruption. Mastoidectomy as a way to increase air volume in the ear seems to be a paradox; it does not add favorable prognostic factor to management of retraction pockets.