bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of ultrasound-guided serratus plane block combined with general anesthesia on postoperative early quality of recovery and analgesia in patients undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: xiao cheng , Chen Fang , Cao Lei , Yang Ming , Tan Yuting , Lin Guoyun , Yang Guiyin , Jing Sheng , Li Hong
Published: June 2024

Background
Compared to traditional thoracotomy, transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) surgery offers reduced trauma and faster recovery, fostering the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in cardiac surgery. Despite these advancements, postoperative pain management has received insufficient attention. The potential effects of multi-mode analgesia, including ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB), on postoperative pain and early quality of recovery have not been widely studied, lacking comprehensive prospective evidence. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of SAPB combined with general anesthesia on early recovery quality and analgesic efficacy in transapical TAVI patients.
Methods
This prospective, randomized controlled study will enroll 70 patients undergoing transapical TAVI, randomly allocated to either the SAPB group or the control group. The primary outcome, assessed using quality of recovery-40 (QOR-40) scale, focuses on the quality of recovery at 24 h and 48 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and during coughing at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery, frequency of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) utilization at 24 h and 48 h, opioid consumption at 24 h and 48 h, time and frequency of rescue analgesia and severe pain at 24 h and 48 h, incidence of nausea and vomiting at 48 h after surgery and dosage of antiemetic drugs.
Discussion
The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided SAPB combined with general anesthesia on postoperative early quality of recovery and analgesia in transapical TAVI patients. The results obtained may provide valuable insight for the implementation of multi-mode analgesia and enhanced ERAS in this specific patient population.
Trial registration
China Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2300068584. Registered on 24 February 2023.
‎An effective computational approach based on‎ ‎new multi-step collocation method for solving integral-algebraic equations‎
Authors: ‎Kamil S‎afaa Hussein , Pishbin Saeed , Darania Parviz
Published: June 2024

‎Some efficient numerical schemes have been used to solve integral algebraic equations (IAEs)‎. ‎In this article‎, ‎in order to find higher order method with an extensive accuracy‎, ‎new multi-step collocation method is developed for the numerical solution of IAEs‎. ‎The convergence of the proposed method is investigated and convergence orders are determined‎. ‎Two examples have been thoroughly examined to validate theoretical advancements in practical application‎. ‎Also‎, ‎we apply one-step and multi-step collocation methods to solve IAEs and compare numerical results to‎ ‎show the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed method‎.
AMS subject classifications: 65R20, 45F15.
The INtegrating CuLtUral aspects into Diabetes Education (INCLUDE) study: protocol for a multi-level, mHealth-based intervention to prevent diabetes in Chinese immigrants
Authors: Hu Lu , Lin Nelson , Shi Yun , Cao Jiepin , Sevick Mary Ann , Li Huilin , Beasley Jeannette , Levy Natalie , Tamura Kosuke , Xu Xinyi , Jiang Yulin , Ong Iris , Yang Ximin , Bai Yujie , Su Liwen , Chan Sze Wan (Celine) , Yi Stella
Published: June 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality for Chinese immigrants in the United States, exacerbated by social determinants of health (SDOH) such as language barriers, limited access to healthy foods, or low health literacy.
Objective: The goal of the INtegrating CuLtUral aspects into Diabetes Education (INCLUDE) study is to test a social media-based intervention adapting the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for Chinese immigrants alongside a culturally adapted community-supported agriculture (CSA) program. We report the protocol for the INCLUDE study.
Methods: INCLUDE is a three-year randomized controlled trial (n=150). Participants with prediabetes or at risk for T2D are enrolled and randomized into either the control or intervention group (n=75 each). Participants from the intervention group receive 2-3 culturally tailored, in-language DPP videos weekly for 12 weeks, and biweekly phone calls from bilingual study staff to review video content, support goal setting, and to assess and address SDOH-related barriers such as food insecurity. Intervention participants will also be given produce for 10 weeks as part of the CSA program. Weight (primary outcome), self-efficacy, diet, physical activity, and food insecurity (secondary outcomes) are measured at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month intervals. Splined linear mixed models will be used to examine group differences in longitudinal weight and other secondary outcomes. The INCLUDE study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine.
Trial registration: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05492916; registered 08/09/2022).
Discussion: The INCLUDE study will serve as an innovative model for culturally adapted multi-level interventions for underserved communities previously unable to access evidence-based diabetes prevention initiatives. Aligning with several national calls for multi-level interventions, the INCLUDE intervention will provide critical data that will inform how researchers and public health professionals address SDOH barriers faced by underserved populations and prevent diabetes.
Developing Normative Reference Values for Nerve Conduction Studies of Commonly Tested Nerves in the Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Alam S. K. M. , Siddik S. H. , Ferdousi Mariya , Deeba F.
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to establish normative reference values for nerve conduction studies specific to the Bangladeshi population. Data were collected from 258 healthy subjects, who were grouped by age and sex. We examined both motor and sensory nerves in the arms, taking into account factors such as age and sex. The findings of the current study are compared with international data published previously, highlighting significant differences. Normal reference values are presented in the form of the 95th percentile for distal latencies and the 5th percentile for amplitudes and conduction velocities. This study will assist neurophysicians in more accurately diagnosing and treating nerve conditions in Bangladesh.
The effect of paeoniflorin on the rewarding effect of METH and the associated cognitive impairment in mice
Authors: Gong Xinshuang , Yang Xiangdong , Yu Zhaoying , Lin Shujun , Zou Zhiting , Qian Liyin , Ruan Yuer , Si Zizhen , Zhou Yi , Li Yu Liu
Published: June 2024

Chronic exposure to methamphetamine (METH) has been suggested to cause METH use disorder and severe cognitive impairment. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a monoterpenoid glycoside with various beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressant. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of PF on the rewarding effect of METH and the associated cognitive impairment, using the animal model of conditioned place preference, new location reorganization test, new object reorganization test and Y-maze test. METH induced conditioned place preference, accompanied by increased expression of synapse-associated proteins in the ventral target areas (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, METH induced significant cognitive impairment and decreased the expression of synapse-associated proteins in the hippocampus (Hip). Administration of PF decreased the rewarding effect of METH and the expression of synapse-associated proteins in the VTA or NAc. PF was also effective to improve METH-induced cognitive impairment by upregulating the expression of synapse-associated proteins in the Hip. Therefore, PF could be a potential agent for the treatment of METH use disorder and the associated cognitive impairment.
Factors influencing operative time for mini-endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) for renal stones: A multi-center cohort study
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Fukuda Tetsuo , Yamamichi Fukashi , Watanabe Takahiko , Shibata Yosuke , Tabei Tadashi , Inoue Takaaki , Matsuzaki Junichi , Kobayashi Kazuki
Published: June 2024

Mini-endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) offers improved advantages in the treatment of renal stones. However, the factors influencing the operative time remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the factors that enhance treatment planning and minimize complications. Clinical data from consecutive patients who underwent mini-ECIRS for renal stones and achieved a stone-free status between 2015 and 2021 at three high-volume centers in Japan were analyzed. The final treatment outcome was evaluated by computed tomography imaging at postoperative 1 month, and a successful outcome was defined as complete stone-free or residual stone fragments ≤ 4 mm. Logistic and linear regression models were used to predict the operative duration of mini-ECIRS. An operative time of > 120 min was significantly associated with punctured pole and body mass index (BMI), and septic shock was only observed in patients with operative times of > 120 min. The multivariate model for the operative time for mini-ECIRS identified five clinical factors: punctured pole, number of stones, number of involved calyces, BMI, and preoperative nephrostomy. We believe these findings will help surgeons and patients plan suitable treatment strategies, predict the additional need for a second mini-ECIRS or retrograde intrarenal surgery alone, and avoid severe complications.
The prognosis of ex-utero intrapartum treatment for CDH: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Lujiao , Yang Mengmeng , Chen Yuan , Zhao Baihui , Lv Changcheng , Huang Jinjin , Tan Zheng , Luo Qiong
Published: June 2024

Background
To explore the impact of ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) on the prognosis of fetuses antenatally diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 76 patients with CDH. All patients were divided into two groups: the EXIT group and the non-EXIT group. The propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. The primary outcome was survival at 28-day after birth. The neonatal outcomes were evaluated.
Results
There were 7 fetuses who received EXIT and 7 fetuses who did not receive EXIT were matched by PSM. There were no differences in the first diagnosed gestational age of CDH, location of hernia, presence of liver hernia, the lowest o/e LHR during pregnancy, premature birth, and fetal birth weight between the two groups. All the patients in the two groups were survival beyond 28-day after birth. The duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter in the EXIT group (1 day) compared to the non-EXIT group (3 days) (P = 0.03). The surgical operation costs were lower in the EXIT group (1748.00 RMB) compared to the non-EXIT group (3325.00 RMB, P = 0.002).
Conclusions
Performing the EXIT for repairing defects and establishing an airway is a safe and effective method for treating CDH, which can reduce postoperative ventilator usage time and surgical-related costs.
Nanoscale Characterization of Space Weathered Lunar Samples
Authors: Orlando Thomas , Grice Adam , Stancil Phiillip , Ghafariasl Mahdi , Singh Sarapreet , Gamage Sampath , Schaible Micah , Abate Yohannes , Lang Karl
Published: June 2024

High-resolution nanoscale Fourier transform infrared (Nano-FTIR) imaging and spectroscopy correlated with photoluminescence measurements of a lunar ilmenite basalt (12016) and recrystallized impact melt breccia (15445), Apollo samples with different origins and history, reveal distinct chemical differences associated with the parent-rock geochemistry and space weathering effects. Intrinsic or delivered Nd3+ and an amorphous silicate glass component produced by solar wind bombardment are observed on exterior surfaces, whereas intrinsic Cr3+ and/or trapped electron states likely produced by energetic x-rays or cosmic rays are observed in interior surfaces. Spatially localized 1050 cm-1/935 cm-1 band ratios in Nano-FTIR hyperspectral maps may reflect shock-induced nanostructures in the impact melt brecci, while shifts in silicate band positions may indicate general space-weathering. Collectively, the shock features, amorphous silicate over-layer, electron-trap states and differential Nd3+ and Cr3+ ratios provide compelling evidence and proxies for space weathering and transformation events not easily obtained with conventional far-field optical analysis techniques.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Intact and Cracked Steel Plates under tensile loading using Non-local Method
Authors: Abadi Morteza Khomami , Kabir Mohammad Zaman
Published: June 2024

This study examines intact and cracked steel plates under uniform tensile loading, using local and non-local methods, and predicts crack growth with the energy released rate criterion. The impact of initial crack orientation, crack development, crack branching, the number of material points, and the horizon size on the ultimate strength of the steel plates are analyzed. Non-local relationships are established and applied to the equation of motion, with the principle of virtual work employed to solve the associated Lagrange equation. The study determines that the accuracy of the model improves with a horizon function length closer to 0.4 mm, and increasing the number of material points from 50 to 250 enables a more accurate evaluation of crack branching. The lowest and highest load capacities are related to plates with double and single-edge cracks, respectively. The study also shows that as the crack angle increases, the plate's load-carrying capacity under tensile loading increases. The effect of loading speed rate on the intensification of crack branching is investigated, and the results of the non-local method are compared with numerical approaches and experimental tests, showing a maximum difference of 2.13%. The robustness of the developed non-local method for predicting crack growth path, micro-cracks, and branching of cracks is demonstrated thoroughly in comparison with other numerical approaches and experimental tests. In summary, our study offers insights into steel plate behavior under tensile loads and introduces a new approach to predict crack growth, improving safety and reliability in critical steel structures.
Usnig Β-cyclodextrin and Plasdone K-30 Polymers for Enhancing Drug Solubility by Spray Drying
Authors: Pandhre Yuvraj , Sul Sandesh , Parab Mahadev , Thakur Sourabh , Kengar Manohar
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate improving solubility using hydrophilic/water-soluble polymers as β-Cyclodextrin and Plasdone K-30 in a solid dispersion formulation of Carvedilol a poorly soluble drug. The developed solid dispersion consisted of two components, a drug and a polymer, and the drug was dispersed as amorphous particles in a polymer matrix using the spray drying method. Polymeric solid dispersions were evaluated using solubility tests, in vitro dissolution tests, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size distribution analysis. The study was observed that solid dispersions of each drug showed increase in dissolution rate in comparison and improving drug solubility. However, the beneficial actions require to be verified by adopting various in vivo techniques along with clinical trials for their efficient use as potential remedial moiety.
Slope stability analysis of compacted loess under dry-wet cycling: efficient optimization parameter calibration method-based DEM numerical simulation
Authors: Li Liang , Hu Changming , Yuan Yili , Wu Zhipeng
Published: June 2024

Dry-wet cycles can cause significant deterioration of compacted loess and thus affect the safety of fill slopes. The discrete element method (DEM) can take into account the non-homogeneous, discontinuous, and anisotropic nature of the geotechnical medium, which is more capable of reflecting the mechanism and process of instability in slope stability analysis. Therefore, this paper proposes to use the DEM to analyze the stability of compacted loess slopes under dry-wet cycles. Firstly, to solve the complex calibration problem between macro and mesoscopic parameters in DEM models, an efficient parameter optimization method was proposed by introducing the chaotic particle swarm optimization with sigmoid-based acceleration coefficients algorithm (CPSOS). Secondly, during the parameter calibration, a new indicator, the bonding ratio (BR), was proposed to characterize the development of pores and cracks in compacted loess during dry-wet cycles, to reflect the impact of dry-wet action on the degradation of bonding between loess aggregates. Finally, according to the results of parameter calibration, the stability analysis model of compacted loess slope under dry-wet cycling was established. The results show that the proposed optimization calibration method can accurately reflect the trend of the stress-strain curve and strength of the actual test results under dry-wet cycles, and the BR also reflects the degradation effect of dry-wet cycles on compacted loess. The slope stability analysis shows that the DEM reflects the negative effect of dry-wet cycles on the safety factor of compacted loess slopes, as well as the trend of gradual stabilization with dry-wet cycles. The comparison with the finite element analysis results verified the accuracy of the discrete element slope stability analysis.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Genes Coding for Cytokines, IL6 -174G>C (rs1800795) and IL10 -1082A>G (rs1800896), in Cervical Insufficiency
Authors: Karakus Nevin , Gulucu Selim , Onal Mesut , Yildirim Sumeyye
Published: June 2024

A recurring, passive, and painless dilatation of the cervix in the second trimester is known as cervical insufficiency. Although the exact cause is unknown, subclinical intra-amniotic infection may be linked to it. The purpose of this research is to see if there is a link between interleukin 6 (IL6) -174G > C (rs1800795) and interleukin 10 (IL10) -1082A > G (rs1800896) polymorphisms and cervical insufficiency. DNA samples from 93 patients with cervical insufficiency and 103 healthy controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Any statistically significant difference wasn’t found between cervical insufficiency patients and healthy controls in terms of allele and genotype distributions of IL6 -174G > C and IL10 -1082A > G polymorphisms (p > 0.05). However according to composite genotyping analysis, CC/AA (IL6 -174G > C / IL10 -1082A > G) composite genotype revealed a significant difference between patients and controls (p = 0.049). Number of abortion and CC/AA (IL6 -174G > C / IL10 -1082A > G) composite genotype was also associated with each other (p = 0.006). Although we did not find an association between IL6 -174G > C (rs1800795) and IL10 -1082A > G (rs1800896) polymorphisms and cervical insufficiency individually, it seems that these polymorphisms together may predispose to the disease and its severity.
Characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of atmospheric microplastics in Lhasa city
Authors: Guo Zimeng , Chen Junyu , Yu Hanyue , Zhang Qiangying , Duo Bu , Cui Xiaomei
Published: June 2024

Atmospheric microplastics is a key contributor to environmental contamination in aquatic and terrestrial systems, posing potential ecological risks. However, studies on atmospheric microplastics are still limited in urban regions of the Tibetan Plateau, a sentinel region to climate and environmental change under the warming climate. Based on samples of suspended atmospheric microplastics (SAMPs) in Lhasa City collected during the Tibetan New Year in February 2023, the occurrence, potential ecological risk of atmospheric microplastics were investigated. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the atmospheric environment of Lhasa was 7.15 ± 2.46 ietms·m− 3.The sizes of detected microplastic ranged from 20.34 µm to 297.18 µm, with approximately 87% smaller than 100 µm. Fragmented microplastics (95.76%) were the dominant format, followed by fibers (3.75%), and pellets (0.49%), respectively. The primary polymer chemical components identified were polyamide (PA,68.73%) and polystyrene (PS,16.61%), respectively. According to the analysis of meteorological data and backward trajectory model, the trajectory of the air mass in Lhasa is obviously westward, and the atmospheric microplastics mainly come from the long-distance transmission of the atmosphere. The results of potential ecological risk index (PERI) assessment indicated that the atmospheric microplastic pollution in Lhasa was at a low level. This study provides valuable insights and a scientific foundation for future research on the prevention and control of atmospheric microplastic pollution in Lhasa and other ecologically sensitive cities.
An Optimized FL-XAI model for secured and trustworthy candidate selection
Authors: Fuladi Siddhesh , K. Nallakaruppan M. , Sathyamoorthy Malathy , Balusamy Balamurugan , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Issar Neha , Benedetto Francesco
Published: June 2024

Reliability and trustworthiness are the two pillars of decision support systems deployed in the selection process of automated candidates. The automation should ensure the selection's correctness and the decision's fairness. Conventional models work around fuzzy-based systems, exploiting multi-criteria decision support systems. Here, we propose a procedure combining the advantages of Federated Learning (FL) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), ensuring privacy, reliability, and fairness in selecting candidates. We propose an architecture in which the exploitation of FL provides more accurate classification results while XAI provides a trustworthy and reliable representation of the candidate selection through decision plots. The SHAPELY model is used in the proposed work for explanation. Results and comparisons with several machine learning (ML) algorithms show the superiority of the proposed architecture. FL can reach an accuracy of 96%, thus confirming the validity of the proposed approach for providing an automated and well-explained candidate selection process.
Phytosociology of Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew plants inhabiting Wadi Tundoub, southern Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Salama Fawzy M. , El-Tayeh Noha A. , Galal Hana K. , Sayed Asmaa M. , El-Saied Ali , Gaafar Ali
Published: June 2024

The current study suggests conducting measurements of the soil and examining the flora in Wadi Tundoub, located in Egypt's Eastern Desert. The aim is to analyze the species dispersed in 27 stands, associated to the medicinal plant Capparis decidua. Given the extremely dry conditions of Egypt's deserts, this research is crucial for understanding the adaptation and distribution of plants in such environments. A total of sixty-four plant species were counted across the research stands. There were seventeen annuals and forty-seven perennials among them, grouped into 51 genera and 26 distinct families. The TWINSPAN technique, renowned for its efficacy in ecological studies, was harnessed to scrutinize vegetation patterns, culminating in the delineation of four unequivocal vegetation groups. These groups are distinguished by their exclusive floristic compositions, suggesting stark differences in species abundance and distribution. Such refined classifications serve as indispensable tools for conservation strategies, land use planning, and in-depth ecological investigations. A significant correlation was observed between the first four redundancy axes and the contents of sand, clay, water content, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, To display the vegetation pattern in the study areas, classification, and ordination were applied. This research area had a basic xerophytic floristic composition with elements of Saharan Arabia, suggesting that human disturbances had not had a significant impact.
Seismic bulk and shear attenuation along a transect from Kama‘ehuakanaloa volcano through Mauna Loa to the Aloha Cabled Observatory: Implications for the distribution of partial melt
Authors: Butler Rhett
Published: June 2024

Bulk (QK) and shear (QS) attenuation are measured and modeled to ~ 50 km depth beneath Hawai‘i. High-frequency (> 50 Hz) earthquakes are routinely observed from the Aloha Cabled Observatory (ACO) along the azimuth to Mauna Loa, Pāhala, and Kama‘ehuakanaloa volcano. Bulk attenuation is consistently larger than shear attenuation beneath Hawai‘i at frequencies > 2 Hz. The Mauna Loa Summit shows the smallestQvalues, and transects approaching the Summit from the southeast differ asymmetrically with those departing to the northwest from the Summit. Transect maps ofQare created from the measurements to present in plan view the distribution ofQKandQSnear the moho. Activation energyE*models ofQSare tested both at Pāhala and Kama‘ehuakanaloa for experimentally determined olivineE*using the temperature derived from a Hawai‘i Hotspot geotherm and pressure. TheQKarising from water-filled pores in vesicular basalts within the shallow oceanic crust are a hypothesized mechanism for bulk attenuation measured in the shallow crust near ACO and Wake Island. Below the shallow oceanic crust, partial melt presents a feasible bulk attenuation mechanism at volcanos. Fitting a thermodynamic equilibrium model for frequencies > 1 Hz to theQKmeasurements shows a very good match to theQKdata, predicting partial melt fractions of 0.1–10%. Translating theQmaps into partial melt regions near Mauna Loa, Pāhala, and Kama‘ehuakanaloa volcano gives a first view of the observation, location, and distribution of partial melt along the ~ 100 km transect from southeast to northwest of Mauna Loa.Index terms[3050, 5144, 7280, 3619, 3909]
dfgh ffdg dsf gslçikj polhkjflkj spfldghjdpfkljn çdlkn gçld knfg
Authors: dfhdfghdfghfdgh dfg hdfgh fdgh fdg , fghfghfgh dfg hdfgh dfgh dfg h
Published: June 2024

dfgh dfg hfdg hfdgh fdgh dfgh df
UNVEILING THE POST AND CORE WONDERS IN PRIMARY TEETH-A SERIES OF CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences Mukka, Mangalore., Fathima Shamsuddin Nashitha , Vinod Anurag ,   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences Mukka, Mangalore., Natasha Dsouza Evette ,   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences Mukka, Mangalore., Reshma Pai K. ,   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences Mukka, Mangalore., Pallavi K. Lakshmi ,   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences Mukka, Mangalore., S. Harikrishnan ,   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences Mukka, Mangalore.
Published: June 2024

Pediatric dentists face significant challenges when dealing with the aesthetic concerns of severely damaged primary anterior teeth due to early childhood caries, which is the most common chronic disease among preschool children. The cases presented here involves children under 4 years of age with severely decayed maxillary anterior teeth. Following pulp therapy treatment, various posts including modified omega posts, glass fiber posts, and prefabricated post and core systems were used to reinforce the primary maxillary incisors, followed by composite restoration to rebuild the teeth. This technique provides a straightforward and efficient approach of restoring severely decayed primary anterior teeth, restoring their shape, function, and aesthetics effectively.
Metrics to quantify the degree of co-location of urban water infrastructure
Authors: Daulat Shamsuddin , Roghani Bardia , Langeveld Jeroen , Rokstad Marius Møller , Tscheikner-Gratl Franz
Published: June 2024

Co-located infrastructure networks such as road, water, and sewer in theory offer the possibility for integrated multi-infrastructure interventions. However, how closely these networks are aligned in space and time determines the practical extent to which such coordinated interventions can be realized. This study quantifies the spatial alignment of the aforementioned infrastructure networks and demonstrates its application for integrated interventions and potential cost savings. It proposes two metrics, namely 1) shared surface area and, 2) shared trench volume, to quantify the spatial relationship (i.e., degree of co-location) of infrastructures. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how the degree of co-location can be used as a proxy for cost-saving potential of integrated interventions compared to silo-based, single-infrastructure, interventions. Through six case studies conducted in Norwegian municipalities, the research reveals that implementing integrated interventions across road, water, and sewer networks can result in potential average cost savings of 24% in urban areas and 11% in rural areas. Utility-specific savings under different cost-sharing scenarios were also analysed. To identify the yearly potential of integrated multi-infrastructure interventions, future work should add the temporal alignment of rehabilitation of infrastructures (i.e., time of intervention need for the infrastructures).
Polypharmacology-Driven Discovery and Design of Highly Selective, Dual
and Multitargeting Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - A Review
Authors: Amandy Franklin V. , Neri Gabriel L.L. , Manzano Joe A.H. , Go Adrian D. , Macabeo Allan P.G.
Published: June 2024

:

The increasing demand for novel antitubercular agents has been the main 'force' of
many TB research efforts due to the uncontrolled growing number of drug-resistant strains of M.
tuberculosis in the clinical setting. Many strategies have been employed to address the drug-resistant
issue, including a trend that is gaining attention, which is the design and discovery of Mtb inhibitors
that are either dual- or multitargeting. The multiple-target design concept is not new in
medicinal chemistry. With a growing number of newly discovered Mtb proteins, numerous targets
are now available for developing new biochemical/cell-based assays and computer-aided drug design
(CADD) protocols. To describe the achievements and overarching picture of this field in anti-
infective drug discovery, we provide in this review small molecules that exhibit profound inhibitory
activity against the tubercle bacilli and are identified to trace two or more Mtb targets. This review
also presents emerging design methodologies for developing new anti-TB agents, particularly
tailored to structure-based CADD.
Dedicated on the special occasion of the 70th birthday of Prof. Dr. Ma. Alicia Aguinaldo, whose
scientific efforts elevated antituberculosis drug discovery in the Philippines.
An Overview of Pyridazinone Analogs: Chemical and Pharmacological Potential
Authors: Boukharsa Youness , Karrouchi Khalid , Attjioui Houda , Ansar M'Hammed
Published: June 2024

Pyridazinones are classical molecules that occupy an important place in heterocyclic
chemistry, and since their discovery, they have been widely developed. The introduction of new
functional groups into pyridazinone structures has enabled the synthesis of a large diversity of compounds.
The pharmacological and agrochemical importance of pyridazinone derivatives has aroused
the interest of chemists and directed their research toward the synthesis of new compounds with the
aim of improving their biological effectiveness. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the
different synthetic routes, reactivity, and pharmacological and agrochemical applications of the pyridazinone
ring.
STUDY OF ADDITIONAL FIN TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF SUPERHEATER AT HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR
Authors: Bramantya Muhammad Agung
Published: June 2024

Power plants are part of industrial facilities used to produce and generate electricity from various power sources; one of those is PLTGU (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap or Gas and Steam Power Plant). PLTGU is a combined cycle between PLTG and PLTU. It is necessary to achieve a high-capacity target for the PLTGU to increase the generator's efficiency. One way to increase the efficiency of gas and steam power plants is by optimizing heat transfer in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). HRSG has several modules such as superheater, evaporator, economizer, and preheater. One that plays an essential role in absorbed high-temperature steam from the gas turbine is the superheater. The function of the superheater is to utilize the heat from the flue gas to reheat the fluid needed for the steam turbine. In this research, improvements of superheater were made with several fin variations at HRSG PLTGU. Variable of superheater refer to data on the layout of the HRSG PLTGU. Autodesk Inventor is used to modeling flue gas domain, tube, and fin. Additional of the fin has the purpose of optimizing heat transfer distribution in steam through a tube, such as an outlet temperature and efficiency of steam in tube superheater. The use of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) with ANSYS Fluent could use to determine the temperature distribution of the superheater. The most optimal efficiency and outlet temperature of variation fin is the annular fin variation compared to the rectangular and straight fin variations.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK SUDUT PENYEMPROTAN BIODIESEL PALM OIL MELALUI PENAMBAHAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI METANOL
Authors: Suryaningrat Muhammad , Sasongko Mega Nur , Hamidi Nurkholis , Saputro Nurhadi
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of adding methanol as an additive to biodiesel to the spray angle on the diesel fuel injector. The material used in this study was palm oil biodiesel and added methanol with a concentration variation of 5%; 10%; 15%; 20% and 25% of the volume of the mixture (500 mL). The first step is mixing methanol and biodiesel according to the variables (B100; B100M5; B100M10; B100M15; B100M20 and B100M25). Next, the mixture is injected into the simulation of the combustion chamber through the injector nozzle, then the fuel that enters the simulation of the combustion chamber is recorded with a high-speed camera so that an image of the spray angle is obtained. Based on the method that has been carried out, it is found that the addition of variations in the concentration of methanol has an effect on the fuel spray angle. The higher the concentration of methanol added to biodiesel, the greater the spray angle of the fuel mixture. Spray angle for B100; B100M5; B100M10; B100M15; B100M20 and B100M25 are 7.5018o; 10.4018o; 11.8462o; 13.6052o; 14.0148o; and 14.6206o, approximately. This is because with the addition of methanol with higher levels, the mass of oxygen gas will be even greater. The greater the mass of oxygen in the fuel, the easier it is for the fuel to burn.
PEMILIHAN JENIS AIRFOIL MOHINDER UNNES MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Al-Janan Dony , Gusda Yoga
Published: June 2024

An UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is an aircraft without an onboard pilot that has several functions. Mohinder is one of the fixed-wing UAVs used for mapping and monitoring areas. Currently, the Mohinder UNNES is adopted from other UAVs by reduced-scale X-UAV Talon. There are differences between dimensions and cruising speed among Mohinder and X-UAV Talon (Mohinder adaptation). The purpose of this study is to select the suitable Mohinder’s airfoil using XFLR 5 simulation using multi-criteria decision particularly the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). AHP can break down the choosing into a hierarchy, compare each factor's importance, and use math to figure out the best choice based on the preferences. The selection criteria are Max Camber, Thickness α stall, Max L/Dmax, CLmax, and CL0, so then the basic airfoil shapes are AH 79-100 B, S1223 RTL, FX 63-120, dan EPPLER 395. Mohinder airfoil will be selected based on aerodynamic performance at Reynold number 200.000. The simulation results showed the AH 79-100 B airfoil has higher L/Dmax and Cl at angle of attack (AOT) -10° to 20° compared to airfoil MH-32 (Mohinder current airfoil)
PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN SAVONIUS TIPE DRAG PADA ALIRAN AIR DALAM PIPA
Authors: Jamaldi Agus , Purwono Arif Hidayat , Andriyansyah Deni , Raharjo Emanuel Budi
Published: June 2024

The concept of clean and renewable energy is currently a focus developed continuously. One of the abundant sources of clean and renewable energy is water. A water turbine is a mechanism to generate electrical energy by utilizing the water flow. Pico or nano hydro turbines produce electrical energy by taking advantage of the flow of water that rotates the shaft of the electric generator. This experimental study aims to analyze the effect of differences in the number of blades on a Horizontal axis drag-type Savonius turbine mounted of water flow in a vertical pipe. The variations of blades number used in the study are 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. The potential energy of the water is kept constant with a constant head of 2 meters. Four main parameters used as a benchmark for the performance of water turbines are rotor rotation, voltage, current and electrical power generated. The results showed that the rotor rotation, voltage, current, and generated electrical power decreased as the number of blades used increased. The water turbine of 3 blades produces the best performance compared to the other one. The magnitude of the rotor rotation, voltage, current, and electrical power generated is 846 rpm, 15.28 volts, 0.61 amperes, and 9.38 Watts, respectively.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ADJUSTER PADA KOMPOR BRIKET TERHADAP JARAK PEMBAKARAN DAN LAJU PERPINDAHAN PANAS KONDUKSI
Authors: Haurissa Jusuf , Riupassa Helen , Nanlohy Hendry , Suyatno Suyatno
Published: June 2024

The effective and efficient use of biomass briquettes is strongly influenced by the type of stove used and the way it is used. This study aims to design a briquette stove by adding an adjuster: the test fuel used honeycomb briquettes and forest fern charcoal. The heat transfer from burning honeycomb briquettes to a pot of water needs to be maintained so that the heat (temperature) remains constant during the combustion process. In the current use of briquettes, the distance between the briquette flame and the pot of water is unstable because the space is getting further away from the pool of cooking water. The combustion distance is getting farther because the bottom of the initial honeycomb briquettes burns out, causing the surface of the briquettes to decrease and move away from the surface of the water pot. Thus the heat given to the pool of water will reduce. The briquette stove needs to be added with an adjuster to overcome this problem. This adjuster serves to raise the honeycomb briquettes if the surface of the briquettes decreases. With the addition of an adjuster, it will be analyzed how much the heat transfer rate and the stability of the burning distance of the honeycomb briquettes will be. In this study, 2 test models will be used: a stove with an adjuster and a stove without an adjuster, using 14 holes in honeycomb briquettes made from forest ferns using starch (tapioca) adhesive. The distance between the surface of the briquettes and the pot of boiled water is 5 cm. The results showed that the briquette stove using an adjuster could maintain the stability of the combustion distance between the surface of the briquette and the pot of water being cooked with an average temperature t = 567.83 0C and conduction heat transfer q = 5285.699 Watt.
OPTIMASI PROSES TURNING PADA AA 6061 DENGAN METODE MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION
Authors: Anshori Mohammad , Sonief Achmad As'ad , Setyarini Putu Hadi
Published: June 2024

The use of vegetable oil-based cutting fluids under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) lubrication has been suggested as a potential alternative. The cutting fluid is conveyed in the form of fine droplets with compressed air delivered precisely to the cutting zone. This study aims to determine the effect of variations of rubber seed oil and coconut oil as a cutting fluid on the surface roughness of the machining process using the MQL method. Researchers used the parameters of cutting fluid flow rate of 120 ml/hour and 180 ml/hour, cutting speed of 500 rpm, feed rate of 0.011 mm/rev, depth of cut of 0.5 mm with variations of coconut oil 10%, 20%, 30%. The results showed that the lowest surface roughness value was at a flow rate of 180 ml/hour with a 30% variation of 0.886 µm, while the highest surface roughness value was at a flow rate of 120 ml/hour with a 10% variation of 1.164 µm, meaning that the greater the flow rate and variation cutting fluid results in a decrease in surface roughness, this is due to the influence of the addition of coconut oil, the more coconut oil is added, the surface roughness value decreases. The surface roughness value decreases as the viscosity decreases, because the viscosity of coconut oil is lower than that of rubber seed oil, so that the flow rate of the cutting fluid is able to work optimally to lubricate the contact area.
PEMBUATAN DAN PENGUJIAN SIFAT MEKANIK WELDING SPESIMEN LOGAM DISSIMILAR AISI 1015 DENGAN AISI 304L MENGGUNAKAN PROSES GMAW
Authors: Riswanda Riswanda , Kadir Harlian , Saragih Albert
Published: June 2024

The manufacture of specimens produced by MAG welding on the joining of metal plates not AISI 1015 with SS304L, must meet the welding standards used. Low carbon steel AISI 1015 and stainless steel SS304L were used in this experiment by applied different current variations to each sample, namely 120, 130 and 140A in MAG welding using ER70S6 electrode.  The results of the examination on the identification of the macro appearance in the heat affected area (HAZ) and Vickers microhardness and tensile testing were carried out in this study. From the data obtained, the hardness value of the weld metal is higher when compared to the parent metal between AISI 1015 and SS304L, and the hardness value of the weld metal is also higher due to the influence of the ER70S6 solid wire electrode used. The tensile strength and yield strength of MAG welded joints increased at 120 and 140A, and the fault position occurred in hypo euctectoid steel (AISI 1015) at the boundary between the heat affected area and the parent metal. The results of the research on MAG welded joints with a welding current of 120A is preferably used for joining dissimilar metals between low carbon steel (AISI 1015) and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304L).
DESIGN OF NATURAL FIBER POWDER MACHINE
Authors: Attamimi Ali , Latief Alfan Ekajati , Nassem Zidane , Ramadan Riski Gunarto
Published: June 2024

Natural fiber processing is the type of fiber as raw materials for textile or other industries that can be obtained directly from nature. In the Indonesian automotive industry, the manufacture of parts in vehicles is Polypropylene high impact (PPHI). An example of an existing part is a CVT slide piece made with a mixed polymer composite material from PPHI and pineapple leaf fiber. Pineapple leaf fibers with small sizes are needed so that the mixing of polymer composites is good. Therefore modern technology is required to process pineapple leaf fibers. This final project makes a natural fiber powder machine for processing natural fiber, namely scavenging. The research methodology used is a prescriptive design method. The design results produce a natural fiber powder machine (pineapple leaf fiber) for polymer composite materials with long size specifications of 420 mm long, 300 mm wide, and 582 mm high. The production capacity of the natural fiber storage machine is 5 kg/h. The source of the engine drive is a 1 HP AC electric motor with a rev of 2800 rpm. The transmission system uses a V-belt with a drive shaft 30 mm in diameter. The frame construction is made of a 35x35x5 mm profile with ST42 material and knives using S45C material (AISI 1045) with a thickness of 10 mm. It uses nine dynamic blades and six sharp plane fixed blades in a 30-degree active blade and a 60-degree fixed blade.
PEMBUATAN BETWEEN CENTRE TEST BAR MESIN BUBUT UNIVERSAL
Authors: Febriani Risky Ayu , Saksono Novi , Candra Addonis , Harja Herma Budi , Fahlevi Rivaldy Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The inspection tool commonly used during the manufacture and acceptance testing of new machine tools or repair of old machine tools is the test bar. The test bar is a mandrel for calibration aids representing an axis to be checked within a given value, either for run-out or for location (position and orientation) in relation to other machine components. Conditions and performance on the precision of the machine will affect the products produced from the production process. Thus, the use of a test bar for the precision of a machine tool is carried out through a calibration process. At present, the need for test bars for the machine tool calibration process in Indonesia is a product imported from outside (imported), even though the manufacture of test bars allows it to be done independently. In this study, the between centre test bar was redesigned and made based on ISO 230-11 standards with the subject of examination for the straightness of the sledding movement in the horizontal and vertical planes referring to and DIN 8605. The stages of making the between-centre test bar include turning, heat treatment, cylinder grinding, and measurement. The accuracy of the geometry, such as the alignment of the diameter between-centre test bar is carried out using a CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) machine. Furthermore, the between-centre test bar is tested on a universal lathe to determine its feasibility through the process of checking the alignment of the spindle axis with the machine table in the vertical and horizontal directions (calibration).
ANALISIS KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK PADA PEMBANGUNAN NUWSP BIYONGA KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Boli Rahmad Hidayat , Pido Rifaldo , Arbie Mohamad Rifal , Rauf Wawan
Published: June 2024

The need for electrical energy today is starting to increase along with the increase in population and rapid development, but inversely proportional to the progress or innovations in increasing renewable energy. Given that this renewable energy can be developed continuously and operational costs are relatively cheap, the electricity that relies on coal (fossil) over time will run out and cannot be renewed, the discussion concerns the supply of PLN supplies. So that in this study the focus is on the utilization of electrical energy for the NUWSP development area of Gorontalo Regency Biyonga Village and calculating the total consumption needs of the electrical energy used. After research and data analysis, the results obtained are 189 kVA or 189,000 vA, the total peak demand with load is 3 units of centrifugal pumps, 10 points of room lighting, and 12 points of lighting around the building, the results of the analysis obtained became a reference and suggested to install electrical energy with a capacity of 197 kVA or 197,000 vA with the consideration that when development occurs, the demand for electrical energy is still sufficient from what is installed.