bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A national overview of surgical misadventures in head and neck surgery: “Oh No, You Cut It”
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Randolph Gregory , Walsh Jarrett , Owen Scott , Kandil Emad
Published: May 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

To examine the risk and prevalence of accidental intraoperative injury reported during head and neck surgeries and the associated outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective cross‐sectional analysis.

Methods

An analysis utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database, 2010 to 2014. Adult patients with a reported accidental intraoperative injury were compared to controls without such injuries.

Results

A total of 173 cases and 105,659 controls were included. Most cases were reported in surgeries of the mouth/tonsils (29.4%) and maxillofacial bones/mandible (22.5%). The remaining cases were reported in surgeries of the pharynx/larynx (17.5%), nose/paranasal sinuses (15.4%), salivary glands and ducts (6.2%), thyroid/parathyroid (5.2%), and ear (3.8%). The multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that surgeries of the pharynx/larynx were associated with the highest risk of injuries compared to other site surgeries (odds ratio [OR]: 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49, 4.25, P < .001]. Concomitant neck dissection was also independently associated with the risk of injury (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 2.05, 8.09, P < .001]. Compared to controls, cases were not associated with an increased risk of mortality (P = .63) or readmission (P = .29); however, those cases had a significantly longer hospital stay on average by 3.64 ± 0.95 days/case (P < .001) and a higher cost of treatment on average by $13,478 ± 119.42/case (P < .001).

Conclusions

This study reports on the prevalence and outcomes of accidental intraoperative injuries reported in head and neck surgeries. The prevalence is relatively low, and the annual trend appears stable; however, it is associated with a significant burden on the health system.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 130:918–924, 2020
Number of infections suffered by a focal individual in a two‐strain SIS model with partial cross‐immunity
Authors: Almaraz Elena , Gómez‐Corral Antonio
Published: May 2019

We study a stochastic model for the spread of two pathogen strains—termedtype 1andtype 2—among a homogeneously mixing community consisting of a finite number of individuals. In the model, we assume partial cross‐immunity, exogenous streams of infection, and that the degree of severity of a newly infective individual depends on who this infective individual was infected by. The aim is to characterize the joint probability distribution of the numbersM1andM2of type‐1 and type‐2 infections suffered by a focal individual during an outbreak of the disease. We present iterative procedures for computing the probability mass function of (M1,M2) under the assumption that the initial state of the focal individual is known, and a numerical study of the model is performed to investigate the influence of certain key parameters on the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals.
A four‐way broadband filtering power divider with improved matching network for X‐band application
Authors: Wang Wensong , Zheng Yuanjin , Cao Qunsheng
Published: May 2019

This study presents a novel design methodology of one‐to‐four filtering power divider (FPD) with a broadband response. It comprises three one‐to‐two power dividers (PDs) and a broadband bandpass filtering circuit in series. The impedance transformer of the one‐to‐two PD is designed into a dual‐T‐type symmetrical structure for improving the matching network and broadening the bandwidth, which includes a tapered transmission line, two cascaded microstrip lines with the same characteristic impedance, as well as a stepped‐impedance open stub. The bandpass filtering circuit is formed by three coupled quarter‐wavelength microstrip lines in parallel, where the intermediate subresonator is grounded via a hole instead of half wavelength line for pursuing a wider bandpass characteristic. The proposed FPD is fabricated and measured. The good performance is achieved with the return loss of >13.8 dB for input/output ports as well as minimum insertion loss of <0.21 dB (over the −6 dB splitting ratio) from 7.3 to 13 GHz.
Calculation of lung mean dose and quantification of error for 90Y‐microsphere radioembolization using 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT and diagnostic chest CT
Authors: Lopez Benjamin , Mahvash Armeen , Lam Marnix G. E. H. , Kappadath S. Cheenu
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Current treatment planning for 90Y radioembolization estimates lung mean dose (LMD) by measuring the lung shunt fraction (LSF) from 99mTc‐macroaggregated albumin (MAA) planar imaging and assuming a 1‐kg lung mass. This methodology, however, overestimates LSF and LMD and could therefore unnecessarily limit the dose to target volume(s). We propose an improved LMD calculation that derives LSF from 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT and the patient‐specific lung mass from diagnostic chest CT. Furthermore, we investigated the errors in lung mass, LSF, and LMD arising from contour variability in patient data in order to estimate the precision of our proposed methodology.

Methods

Our proposed LMD (LMDnew) calculation consisted of the following steps: (a) estimate liver counts from the MAA SPECT/CT liver contour; (b) estimate total lung counts by multiplying density (counts/g) from the MAA SPECT/CT left‐lung contour by the total lung mass (g) from the diagnostic CT lung contours; (c) compute LSFnew from liver and lung counts; (d) calculate LMDnew using LSFnew and the total lung mass from the diagnostic CT (Mnew). LMDnew, LSFnew, and Mnew estimates were compared to standard model values (LMDclin, LSFclin, and 1 kg, respectively) in 52 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent radioembolization using 90Y glass microspheres. The precision of our methodology was quantified by varying lung and liver contours in the same patient population and calculating the resulting relative errors in the liver count, lung count, and lung mass measurements.

Results

The median Mnew was 839 g (range, 550–1178 g) for men and 731 g (range, 548–869 g) for women. The median LSFnew was 0.02 (range, 0.01–0.11), while the median LMDnew was 4.9 Gy (range, 0.3–25.5 Gy). Mnew, LSFnew, and LMDnew were significantly lower than Mclin, LSFclin, and LMDclin, with respective relative mean (±SD) differences of −20% (±16%) for Mnew, −63% (±15%) for LSFnew, and −53% (±23%) for LMDnew. The estimated 1‐sigma uncertainties in Mnew, LSFnew, and LMDnew were 9%, 10%, and 13%, respectively.

Conclusions

We derived a method to calculate lung mass and LSF using routinely available diagnostic chest CT and 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT. More importantly, we systematically quantified the errors in our measurements to establish the precision of the estimated lung dose (13%). The proposed methodology provides a more accurate LMD and an estimate of its precision, which will improve treatment and retreatment planning for 90Y radioembolizations.
The Effect of Bending Deformation on Charge Transport and Electron Effective Mass of p‐doped GaAs Nanowires
Authors: Zeng Lunjie , Kanne Thomas , Nygård Jesper , Krogstrup Peter , Jäger Wolfgang , Olsson Eva
Published: May 2019

The crystal and electronic structure of semiconductor nanowire systems have shown sensitive response to mechanical strain, enabling novel and improved electrical, and optoelectrical properties in nanowires by strain engineering. Here, the response of current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and band structure of individual p‐doped GaAs nanowires to bending deformation is studied by in situ electron microscopy combined with theoretical simulations. The I–V characteristics of the nanowire change from linear to nonlinear as bending deformation is applied. The nonlinearity increases with strain. As opposed to the case of uniaxial strain in GaAs, the bending deformation does not give rise to a change in the band gap of GaAs nanowire according to in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements. Instead, the response to bending deformation can be explained by strain induced valence band shift, which results in an energy barrier for charge carrier transport along the nanowire. Moreover, the electron effective mass decreases as the strain changes from compressive to tensile across the GaAs nanowire in the bent region. Results from this study shed light on the complex interplay between lattice strain, band structure, and charge transport in semiconductor nanomaterials.
Synthesis of ZnFe2O4@MnO2 Multilevel Nanosheets Structure and Its Electrochemical Properties as Positive Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Shuanggan , Zhang Xinyang , Wu Yunpeng , Liu Xilong , Meng Yanan , Zhao Xudong , Liu Porf. Xiaoyang
Published: May 2019

ZnFe2O4@MnO2 was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The morphology of ZnFe2O4@MnO2 was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM and TEM photographs showed that the structure of manganese dioxide was affected by the reaction time. The composition of this compound was investigated by XRD and XPS. Electrochemical tests showed that ZnFe2O4@MnO2 had more desirable electrical properties than ZnFe2O4, and the areal capacitance was 1442 Fg−1 at 2 mA cm−2. It also showed that ZnFe2O4@MnO2 possessed superior stability (90%remained after 3000 cycles). Activated carbon and ZnFe2O4@MnO2 were used to form the negative and positive electrodes of an asymmetric supercapacitor, respectively. The asymmetric supercapacitor had an energy density and power density of 49.7 Wh kg−1 and 1918.4 W kg−1, respectively.
Efficient Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery
Authors: Xiang Hong‐Xin , Tan Ai‐Dong , Piao Jin‐Hua , Fu Zhi‐Yong , Liang Zhen‐Xing
Published: May 2019

The zinc–bromine flow battery (ZBFB) is one of the most promising technologies for large‐scale energy storage. Here, nitrogen‐doped carbon is synthesized and investigated as the positive electrode material in ZBFBs. The synthesis includes the carbonization of the glucose precursor and nitrogen doping by etching in ammonia gas. Physicochemical characterizations reveal that the resultant carbon exhibits high electronic conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundant heteroatom‐containing functional groups, which benefit the formation and exposure of the active sites toward the Br2/Br− redox couple. As a result, the assembled ZBFB achieves a voltage efficiency of 83.0% and an energy efficiency of 82.5% at a current density of 80 mA cm−2, which are among the top values in literature. Finally, the ZBFB does not yield any detectable degradation in performance after a 200‐cycle charging/discharging test, revealing its high stability. In summary, this work provides a highly efficient electrode material for the zinc–bromine flow battery.
P‐Aminophosphaalkenes with C‐Isopropyldimethylsilyl Groups
Authors: Bîrzoi Roxana M. , Jones Peter G. , Bartsch Rainer , du Mont Wolf‐W.
Published: May 2019

Amination of the C‐isopropyldimethylsilyl P‐chlorophosphaalkene (iPrMe2Si)2C=PCl (1) leads to the P‐aminophosphaalkenes (iPrMe2Si)2C=PN(R)R′ (R, R′ = Me (2), R = H, R′ = nPr (3), R = H, R′ = iPr (4), R = H, R′ = tBu (5), R = H, R′ = 1‐Ada (6), R = H, R′ = CPh3 (7), R = H, R′ = Ph (8), R = H, RR′ = 2,6‐iPr2Ph (= DIP) (10), R = H, R′ = 2,4,6‐Me3Ph (= Mes) (11), R = H, R′ = 2,4,6‐tBu3Ph (= Mes*)] (12), R = H, R′ = SiMe3 (13), and R, R′ = SiMe2Ph (14). 31P‐NMR spectra confirm that phosphaalkenes 2–7 and 10–14 are monomeric in solution; the structures of 7, 10, and 12 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Freshly prepared (iPrMe2Si)2C=PN(H)Ph (8) is a monomer that dimerizes with (N→C) proton migration within several hours to the stable diazadiphosphetidine [(iPrMe2Si)2CHPNPh]2 (9). NMR‐scale reactions of deprotonated 5 and 13 with tBuiPrPCl provide by P–P bond formation the P‐phosphanyl iminophosphoranes [(iPrMe2Si)2C=](RN=)PPtBu(iPr) [R = tBu (15), R = Me3Si (17)]. Deprotonated 5 and Me3GeCl deliver by N–Ge bond formation the aminophosphaalkene (iPrMe2Si)2C=PN(tBu)GeMe3 (20), which with elemental selenium 5 undergoes (N→C) proton migration to form the alkyl(imino)(seleno)phosphorane [(iPrMe2Si)2CH](tBuN=)P=Se (21), which is a selenium‐bridged cyclic dimer in the solid state.
One-loop weak corrections to Higgs production
Authors: Hirschi Valentin , Lionetti Simone , Schweitzer Armin
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We compute mixed QCD-weak corrections to inclusive Higgs production at the LHC from the partonic process

$$ gg\to Hq\overline{q} $$

gg
→
H
q

q
¯

. We start from the UV- and IR-finite oneloop weak amplitude and consider its interference with the corresponding one-loop QCD amplitude. This contribution is a

$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s\alpha \right) $$

O

α
s

α

correction to the leading-order gluon-fusion cross section, and was not numerically assessed in previous works. We also compute the cross section from the square of this weak amplitude, suppressed by

$$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}^2\right) $$

O

α
2

. Finally, we consider contributions from the partonic process gq → Hq, which are one order lower in α

s
, as a reference for the size of terms which are not enhanced by the large gluon luminosity. We find that, given the magnitude of the uncertainties on current state-of-the-art predictions for Higgs production, all contributions computed in this work can be safely ignored, both fully inclusively and in the boosted Higgs regime. This result supports the approximate factorisation of QCD and weak corrections to that process.
Modularity from monodromy
Authors: Schimannek Thorsten
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In this note we describe a method to calculate the action of a particular Fourier-Mukai transformation on a basis of brane charges on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds with and without a section. The Fourier-Mukai kernel is the ideal sheaf of the relative diagonal and for fibrations that admit a section this is essentially the Poincaré sheaf. We find that in this case it induces an action of the modular group on the charges of 2-branes.
Integer superspin supercurrents of matter supermultiplets
Authors: Buchbinder I. L. , Gates S. James , Koutrolikos K.
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In recent papers [18, 21] we demonstrated that consistent and non-trivial linear transformations of matter supermultiplets generate half-integer superspin supercurrents and the cubic interactions between matter and half-integer superspin supermultiplets. In this work we show that consistent and non-trivial antilinear transformations of matter superfields lead to the construction of integer superspin supercurrents and the cubic interactions between mater and integer superspin supermultiplets. Applying Noether’s method to these transformations, we find new integer superspin supercurrents for the case of a free massless chiral superfield. Furthermore, we use them to find new integer superspin supercurrent multiplets for a massive chiral superfield and a chiral superfield with a linear superpotential. Also various selection rules for such interactions are found.
Wilson surface central charge from holographic entanglement entropy
Authors: Estes John , Krym Darya , O’Bannon Andy , Robinson Brandon , Rodgers Ronnie
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We use entanglement entropy to define a central charge associated to a twodimensional defect or boundary in a conformal field theory (CFT). We present holographic calculations of this central charge for several maximally supersymmetric CFTs dual to eleven-dimensional supergravity in Anti-de Sitter space, namely the M5-brane theory with a Wilson surface defect and three-dimensional CFTs related to the M2-brane theory with a boundary. Our results for the central charge depend on a partition ofNM2-branes ending onMM5-branes. For the Wilson surface, the partition specifies a representation of the gauge algebra, and we write our result for the central charge in a compact form in terms of the algebra’s Weyl vector and the representation’s highest weight vector. We explore how the central charge scales withNandMfor some examples of partitions. In general the central charge does not scale asM3orN3/2, the number of degrees of freedom of the M5- or M2-brane theory at largeMorN, respectively.
Association Between Gender, Surgery and Mortality for Patients Treated at Médecins Sans Frontières Trauma Centre in Kunduz, Afghanistan
Authors: Tounsi Linnea Latifa , Daebes Hadjer Latif , Gerdin Wärnberg Martin , Nerlander Maximilian , Jaweed Momer , Mamozai Bashir Ahmad , Nasim Masood , Drevin Gustaf , Trelles Miguel , von Schreeb Johan
Published: May 2019

Introduction

There is paucity of literature describing type of injury and care for females in conflicts. This study aimed to describe the injury pattern and outcome in terms of surgery and mortality for female patients presenting to Médecins Sans Frontières Trauma Centre in Kunduz, Afghanistan, and compare them with males.

Materials and Methods

This study retrospectively analysed patient data from 17,916 patients treated at the emergency department in Kunduz between January and September 2015, before its destruction by aerial bombing in October the same year. Routinely collected data on patient characteristics, injury patterns, triage category, time to arrival and outcome were retrieved and analysed. Comparative analyses were conducted using logistic regression.

Results

Females constituted 23.6% of patients. Burns and back injuries were more common among females (1.4% and 3.3%) than among males (0.6% and 2.0%). In contrast, open wounds and thoracic injuries were more common among males (10.1% and 0.6%) than among females (5.2% and 0.2%). Females were less likely to undergo surgery (OR 0.60, CI 0.528–0.688), and this remained significant after adjustment for age, nature of injury, triage category, multiple injuries and delay to arrival (OR 0.80, CI 0.690–0.926). Females also had lower unadjusted odds of mortality (OR 0.49, CI 0.277–0.874), but this was not significant in the adjusted analysis (OR 0.81, CI 0.446–1.453).

Conclusion

Our main findings suggest that females seeking care at Kunduz Trauma Centre arrived later, had different injury patterns and were less likely to undergo surgery as compared to males.
Sociolinguistic Variation in Children's Language
Authors: Smith Jennifer , Durham Mercedes
Published: May 2019

How we vary our speech is fundamental in signalling who we are, where we're from and where we're going. How and when does such variation arise? Here, leading experts Jennifer Smith and Mercedes Durham address this question through a sociolinguistic analysis of the speech of preschool children in interaction with their primary caregivers. Bringing together two fields of linguistic research - variationist sociolinguistics and first language acquisition - the study focusses both qualitative and quantitative analysis of a range of variables to show when and how variation is acquired by young children, and the effect the caregiver's interaction has on this process. In doing so, they tackle a fundamental question in language research: when and how do children acquire the highly complex patterns of variation widely attested in adult speech?
Characterization of seasonal glacial seismicity from a single-station on-ice record at Holtedahlfonna, Svalbard
Authors: Köhler Andreas , Maupin Valerie , Nuth Christopher , van Pelt Ward
Published: May 2019

Glacial seismicity provides important insights into glacier dynamic processes. We study the temporal distribution of cryogenic seismic signals (icequakes) at Holtedahlfonna, Svalbard, between April and August 2016 using a single three-component sensor. We investigate sources of observed icequakes using polarization analysis and waveform modeling. Processes responsible for five icequake categories are suggested, incorporating observations of previous studies into our interpretation. We infer that the most dominant icequake type is generated by surface crevasse opening through hydrofracturing. Secondly, bursts of high-frequency signals are presumably caused by repeated near-surface crevassing due to high strain rates during glacier fast-flow episodes. Furthermore, signals related to resonance in water-filled cracks, fracturing or settling events in dry firn or snow before the melt season, and processes at the glacier bed are observed. Amplitude of seismic background noise is clearly related to glacier runoff. We process ambient seismic noise to invert horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios for a sub-surface seismic velocity model used to model icequake signals. Our study shows that a single seismic sensor provides useful information about seasonal ice dynamics in case deployment of a network is not feasible.
Splashing of droplets impacting superhydrophobic substrates
Authors: Quintero Enrique S. , Riboux Guillaume , Gordillo José Manuel
Published: May 2019

A drop of radius $R$ of a liquid of density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$, viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ and interfacial tension coefficient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ impacting a superhydrophobic substrate at a velocity $V$ keeps its integrity and spreads over the solid for $V<V_{c}$ or splashes, disintegrating into tiny droplets violently ejected radially outwards for $V\geqslant V_{c}$, with $V_{c}$ the critical velocity for splashing. In contrast with the case of drop impact onto a partially wetting substrate, Riboux & Gordillo (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113, 2014, 024507), our experiments reveal that the critical condition for the splashing of water droplets impacting a superhydrophobic substrate at normal atmospheric conditions is characterized by a value of the critical Weber number, $We_{c}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\,V_{c}^{2}\,R/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}\sim O(100)$, which hardly depends on the Ohnesorge number $Oh=\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}/\sqrt{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\,R\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}}$ and is noticeably smaller than the corresponding value for the case of partially wetting substrates. Here we present a self-consistent model, in very good agreement with experiments, capable of predicting $We_{c}$ as well as the full dynamics of the drop expansion and disintegration for $We\geqslant We_{c}$. In particular, our model is able to accurately predict the time evolution of the position of the rim bordering the expanding lamella for $We\gtrsim 20$ as well as the diameters and velocities of the small and fast droplets ejected when $We\geqslant We_{c}$.
Three-dimensional viscoelastic instabilities in microchannels
Authors: Poole R. J.
Published: May 2019

Whereas the flow of simple single-phase Newtonian fluids tends to become more complex as the characteristic length scale in the problem (and hence the Reynolds number) increases, for complex elastic fluids such as dilute polymer solutions the opposite holds true. Thus small-scale, so-called ‘microfluidic’ flows of complex fluids can exhibit rich dynamics in situations where the ‘equivalent’ flow of Newtonian fluids remains linear and predictable. In the recent study of Qin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 864, 2019, R2) of the flow of a dilute polymeric fluid past a $50~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ cylinder (in a $100\times 60~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ channel), a novel 3-D holographic particle velocimetry technique reveals the underlying complexity of the flow, including inherent three-dimensionality and symmetry breaking as well as strong upstream propagation effects via elastic waves.
Between censure and celebration: the decorative plan of the Casa Madre dei Mutilati in Rome (1926-1939)
Authors: Marcello Flavia
Published: May 2019

The large triangular building sandwiched betweenthe Castel Sant’Angelo and the Palazzo di Giustizia in Rome is the Casa Madre dei Mutilati, designed by Marcello Piacentini and built in two phases between 1926 and 1928, and from 1936 to 1939. Its exterior blends in well with its surroundings, suggesting it no longer conjures memories of the Fascist regime, but inside, its decorative plan reveals a series of artworks with polyvalent meanings that were later depoliticised, ‘censored’ and rehabilitated. They throw light on the ‘difficult heritage’ of the Fascist era in a continuum of meaning and memory connected to myths of war and sacrifice.
Linear instability and nondegeneracy of ground state for combined power-type nonlinear scalar field equations with the Sobolev critical exponent and large frequency parameter
Authors: Akahori Takafumi , Ibrahim Slim , Kikuchi Hiroaki
Published: May 2019

We consider combined power-type nonlinear scalar field equations with the Sobolev critical exponent. In [3], it was shown that if the frequency parameter is sufficiently small, then the positive ground state is nondegenerate and linearly unstable, together with an application to a study of global dynamics for nonlinear Schrödinger equations. In this paper, we prove the nondegeneracy and linear instability of the ground state frequency for sufficiently large frequency parameters. Moreover, we show that the derivative of the mass of ground state with respect to the frequency is negative.
Smoothness of topological equivalence on the half line for nonautonomous systems
Authors: Castañeda Álvaro , Robledo Gonzalo , Monzón Pablo
Published: May 2019

We study the differentiability properties of the topological equivalence between a uniformly asymptotically stable linear nonautonomous system and a perturbed system with suitable nonlinearities. For this purpose, we construct a homeomorphism inspired in the Palmer's one restricted to the positive half line, studying additional continuity properties and providing sufficient conditions ensuring its Cr–smoothness.
New Radiocarbon Dating Results from the Upper Paleolithic–Mesolithic Levels in Grotta Romanelli (Apulia, Southern Italy)
Authors: Calcagnile Lucio , Sardella Raffaele , Mazzini Ilaria , Giustini Francesca , Brilli Mauro , D’Elia Marisa , Braione Eugenia , Conti Jacopo , Mecozzi Beniamino , Bona Fabio , Iurino Dawid Adam , Lembo Giuseppe , Muttillo Brunella , Quarta Gianluca
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present the results of the accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS14C) dating campaign performed on samples selected from different levels in Grotta Romanelli (Castro, Italy). Grotta Romanelli is one of the key sites for the chronology of Middle Pleistocene–Holocene in Mediterranean region. After the first excavation campaigns carried out in the first decades of the 1900s, the cave has been systematically re-excavated only since 2015. During the last excavation campaigns different faunal remains were selected and submitted for 14C dating in order to confirm the chronology of the cave with a higher resolution. Isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) measurements were also carried out on faunal remains.
Politics, Markets, and Life Satisfaction: The Political Economy of Human Happiness
Authors: Radcliff Benjamin
Published: May 2019

Little is known about the political determinants of subjective well-being across nations. The dominant theoretical approaches, comparison and trait theory, suggest that cross-national differences will be either nonexistent or largely independent of political conditions. I argue instead that although culture does appear to play a significant role, the results of democratic competition have even more dramatic effects upon national levels of life satisfaction. Specifically, I demonstrate that subjective appreciation of life is positively affected by the ideological complexion of governments and by qualitative features of the welfare state. The implications for social policy, electoral politics, and our theoretical understanding of life satisfaction are discussed.
EU AGENCIFICATION AND THE RISE OF ESMA: ARE ITS GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS FIT FOR PURPOSE?
Authors: Howell Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

EU agencies have mushroomed in recent years and new agencies, such as those in the financial arena, can have far-reaching quasi-regulatory and supervisory powers. These developments raise fundamental questions as to their constitutional standing, the delegation of powers and how to wrestle the challenges of independence and accountability. This paper considers ESMA, the most ambitious new financial sector agency. It examines ESMA's governance and accountability mechanisms and makes normative proposals to better balance the competing supranational and national interests within it. Such refinements should also be implemented in conjunction with additional accountability requirements, particularly a greater role for the European Parliament. This reshaping is vital to guarantee ESMA's autonomy and legitimacy.
Active and recent deformation at the Southern Alps – Ligurian basin junction
Authors: Larroque C. , Béthoux N. , Calais E. , Courboulex F. , Deschamps A. , Déverchère J. , Stéphan J.-F. , Ritz J.-F. , Gilli E.
Published: May 2019

The Southern Alps – Ligurian basin junction is one of the most active seismic areas in Western Europe countries. The topographic and the structural setting of this region is complex because of (i) its position between the high topography of the Southern Alps and the deep, narrow Ligurian oceanic basin, and (ii) the large number of structures inherited from the Alpine orogeny. Historical seismicity reveals about twenty moderate-size earthquakes (up to M=6.0), mostly distributed along the Ligurian coast and the Vésubie valley. A recent geodetic experiment shows a significant strain rate during the last 50 years in the area between the Argentera massif and the Mediterranean coastline. Results of this experiment suggest a N-S shortening of about 2-4 mm/yr over the network, this shortening direction is consistent with the seismological (P-axes of earthquakes) and the microtectonic data. The Pennic front (E-NE of the Argentera massif) and the northern Ligurian margin are the most seismically active areas. In the Nice arc and in the Argentera massif, some seismic lineaments correspond to faults identified in the field (such as theTaggia-Saorge fault or the Monaco-Sospel fault). In the western part of the Alpes Maritimes, no seismic activity is recorded in the Castellane arc. In the field, geological evidence, such as offsets of recent alluvial sediments, recent fault breccia, speleothem deformations, radon anomalies and others indicates recent deformation along these faults. Nevertheless, to this date active fault scarps have not been identified: this probably results from a relatively high erosion rate versus deformation rate and from the lack of Quaternary markers. We also suspect the presence of two hidden active faults, one in the lower Var valley (Nice city area) and the other one at the base of the Argentera crustal thrust-sheet. Offshore, along the northern Ligurian margin, the seismic reflection data shows traces of Quaternary extensional deformation, but the accuracy of the data does not yet allow the construction of a structural map nor does it allow the determination of the continuity between the offshore and onshore structures. From these data set we propose a preliminary map of 11 active faults and we discuss the questions which remain unsolved in the perspective of seismic hazard evaluations.
Modelling of speleothems failure in the Hotton cave (Belgium). Is the failure earthquake induced?
Authors: Cadorin J.F. , Jongmans D. , Plumier A. , Camelbeeck T. , Delaby S. , Quinif Y.
Published: May 2019

To provide quantitative information on the ground acceleration necessary to break speleothems, laboratory measurements on samples of stalagmite have been performed to study their failure in bending. Due to their high natural frequencies, speleothems can be considered as rigid bodies to seismic strong ground motion. Using this simple hypothesis and the determined mechanical properties (a minimum value of 0.4 MPa for the tensile failure stress has been considered), modelling indicates that horizontal acceleration ranging from 0.3 m/s2 to 100 m/s2 (0.03 to 10g) are necessary to break 35 broken speleothems of the Hotton cave for which the geometrical parameters have been determined. Thus, at the present time, a strong discrepancy exists between the peak accelerations observed during earthquakes and most of the calculated values necessary to break speleothems. One of the future research efforts will be to understand the reasons of the defined behaviour. It appears fundamental to perform measurements on in situ speleothems.
Palaeoseismic investigations in Belgian eaves
Authors: Delaby S.
Published: May 2019

In some karstic caves, the observation of numerous broken stalagmites may provide potential secondary evidence for intense palaeoearthquakes during recent past times. We have named these morpho-sedimentologic features seismothems. A methodology has been developed to discriminate broken speleothems due to earthquake-induced effects or caused by other mechanisms. A study has been carried out in the Belgian karst areas. In the Vesdre Valley, it seems difficult to find evidence of the well-known Verviers earthquake, probably the most destructive historical earthquake known in Belgium which occurred in 1692 AD. The most important concentration of broken stalagmites was discovered in the caves between Hotton and Han-sur-Lesse. The observations in the cave of Hotton suggest a seismic origin, the other origins can not be the cause of the speleothem break. This result implies a strong earthquake situated close to the cave. A preliminary AMS14C age suggests a minimum age of 10100 ±1200 cal14C yr BR for one stalagmite rupture in the Hotton cave.
Protestant Sectarianism in Twentieth-Century British Labour History: From Free and Labour Churches to Pentecostalism and the Churches of Christ
Authors: Ackers Peter
Published: May 2019

The British educated classes have long worried and fantasized about working-class religious belief and unbelief. Anglican churchmen feared Methodist “enthusiasm” in the eighteenth century, radicalism in the aftermath of the French Revolution, and urban, industrial irreligion after the 1851 Religious Census on churchgoing. In a mirror image of these old anxieties, most labour historians have wished away Christianity in the twentieth century. The long-standing shared socialist teleology of Marxists and Fabians leads to the modern, socialist labour movement. In this Marxian take on secularization theory, a new, more cohesive proletariat or singular “working class” forms, with an anti-capitalist, “socialist” consciousness reflected in the political, trade union, and co-operative institutions of the “labour movement”. Suddenly, economic, social, and political history find a single, unified subject. At the level of belief, socialism displaces those old Victorian pretenders for working-class hearts and minds: conservatism, liberalism, and Christianity. Sometime between 1914 and 1918, the Christian religion disappears from ordinary lives, as in Selina Todd's recent,The People, where popular religious faith is barely worth talking about.
THE PREVALENT USE OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG TEENAGERS IN DENMARK AND THE CORRESPONDING LOW PREGNANCY RATE
Authors: WIELANDT HANNE , BOLDSEN JESPER , KNUDSEN LISBETH B.
Published: May 2019

In Denmark the number of births and induced abortions among teenagers has reduced and teenage parenthood is now rare. This paper evaluates the correlation between this observed fertility and reported sexual and contraceptive behaviour. In 1989 a sample of 16–20-year-olds in Denmark was selected at random and personally interviewed about sexual and contraceptive behaviour. Ninety-five per cent of the young women who had experienced sexual intercourse used contraception at the most recent sexual intercourse. In order to support the validity of this finding a model was developed to estimate an expected number of conceptions in the age groups concerned. The model included both the information on coital frequency and use of contraception from the questionnaire and available efficacy rates on contraception. The estimates derived by the model were compared with the registered number of births and induced abortions derived from public registers. The analysis revealed a high accordance between the estimated number of conceptions and the registered number of births and induced abortions for each age group. This underlines the validity of the data on sexual and contraceptive behaviour sampled among teenagers in Denmark. The findings indicate that contraceptive failure is a much greater problem than non-use of contraception for teenagers in Denmark.
DOES CIGARETTE SMOKING INCREASE TIME TO CONCEPTION?
Authors: MUNAFÒ MARCUS , MURPHY MICHAEL , WHITEMAN DAVID , HEY KATE
Published: May 2019

Data are reported on the relationship between cigarette smoking and other health-related behaviours and time to conception in a population-based sample of women who acted as a control group in a case-control study of twinning. Women who continued to smoke close to the time of conception took significantly longer to become pregnant than women who never smoked or stopped smoking before the year during which they attempted to conceive. A hierarchical regression analysis performed on time-to-conception data in women who continued to smoke in the year before conception provided weak evidence for a dose–response relationship between time to conception and number of cigarettes smoked per day. No significant relationships were found between time to conception and other health-related behaviours.
‘Where Did the Other Heroes Go?’ Exalting the Polko National Guard Battalions in Nineteenth-Century Mexico
Authors: SANTONI PEDRO
Published: May 2019

In 1848 the moderado administration of General José Joaquín Herrera staged public ceremonies to honour the ‘polko’ national guardsmen who had died defending Mexico City during the recent war with the USA. Herrera's government attempted to use the rituals to alleviate the pain of defeat and bring together a divided nation, as well as to reorganise the national guard into a military force manned by the well-to-do that would help preserve political stability and social harmony. Herrera's state-building project ultimately failed because the ceremonies could not surmount the tensions that afflicted Mexico. In the long run, the inability to restructure the national guard allowed Mexican statesmen in the late 1800s to disband that military force and to diminish its status in national patriotic discourse.
Three experiments to test the sensorimotor theory of vision
Authors: Blackmore Susan J.
Published: May 2019

The sensorimotor theory of vision is the best attempt yet to explain visual consciousness without implying a Cartesian theatre. I suggest three experiments which might test the theory.
TEC – Some problems and some prospects
Authors: Hochberg Julian
Published: May 2019

The Theory of Event Coding (TEC) is a significant contribution to the study of purposeful perceptual behavior, and can be made more so by recognizing a major context (the work of Tolman, Liberman, Neisser); some significant problems (tightening predictions and defining distal stimuli); and an extremely important area of potential application (ongoing anticipation and perceptual inquiry, as in reading and movies).
Fragmented attractor boundaries in the KIII model of sensory information processing: A potential evidence of Cantor encoding in cognitive processes
Authors: Kozma Robert
Published: May 2019

Spatio-temporal neuro-dynamics is a quickly developing field of brain research and Tsuda's work is a significant contribution toward establishing theoretical foundations in this area. It is conceivable that the fragmented attractor landscapes and dynamical memory patterns identified earlier in various K-sets are biologically plausible manifestations of attractor ruins, chaotic itinerancy, and Cantor encoding as applied to sensory information processing.
Attention sheds no light on the origin of phenomenal experience
Authors: Lamme Victor A. F. , Landman Rogier
Published: May 2019

In O'Regan & Noë's (O&N's) account for the phenomenal experience of seeing, awareness is equated to what is within the current focus of attention. They find no place for a distinction between phenomenal and access awareness. In doing so, they essentially present a dualistic solution to the mind-brain problem, and ignore that we do have phenomenal experience of what is outside the focus of attention.
A non-epistemic, non-pictorial, internal, material visual field
Authors: Wright Edmond
Published: May 2019

The authors O'Regan & Noë (O&N) have ignored the case for the visual field as being non-epistemic evidence internal to the brain, having no pictorial similarity to the external input, and being material in ontological status. They are also not aware of the case for the evolutionary advantage of learning as the perceptual refashioning of such non-epistemic sensory evidence via motivated feedback in sensorimotor activity.
Acting out our sensory experience
Authors: O'Regan J. Kevin , Noë Alva
Published: May 2019

The most important clarification we bring in our reply to commentators concerns the problem of the “explanatory gap”: that is, the gulf that separates physical processes in the brain from the experienced quality of sensations. By adding two concepts (bodiliness and grabbiness) that were not stressed in the target article, we strengthen our claim and clarify why we think we have solved the explanatory gap problem, – not by dismissing qualia, but, on the contrary, by explaining why sensations have a “feel” and why “feels” feel the way they do. We additionally clarify our views on: internal representations (we claim internal representations cannot explain why sensation has a feel), on behaviorism (we are not behaviorists), on perception and action (we believe there can be perception without action), and on the brain (we believe the brain does do something important in perception).
Letters from the Malay Sultanates of the 17th and 18th Centuries: An Unknown Collection in St. Petersburg
Authors: Katkova Irina R.
Published: May 2019

This article deals with Malay letters and documents from the archives of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie—VOC), dating to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The collection of “golden” Malay letters, which belonged to the governor- general of the VOC in Java (1704–1709) Joan van Hoorn, made a long voyage on the shipSandenburgfrom Batavia to Cape Town and Amsterdam in 1710. Its cultural and historical value was firstly estimated by the outstanding Russian scholar and antiquarian N. P. Likhachev, who purchased it for the Paleographical Museum in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) in 1910. The pages of the fifty-seven diplomatic letters cover one of the most controversial periods of VOC history on the Archipelago, 1683 to 1710, the establishment of its relationships with local nobility and states. The collection represents the original letters of the sultans of Palembang, Gowa, Buton, Bone, Tallo, Banten, and Cirebon, and of prominent historical figures of Malay states as well as the famous Indian merchant from Surat, Abdul Ghafur. They are written in Malay (in Arabic graphic: Jawi and Pegon), Arabic, Javanese (in two scripts: Pegon and Carakan), Dutch, Spanish, Persian, and Chinese. Their investigation will contribute to the academic scholarship on the famous records, reconstructing the history of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) on the Malay Archipelago, and on the peculiarities of Malay letter writing in different languages, scripts, and regions.
The Ordeals of Colonial Contracting: Reactions to and Repercussions of Two Failed State-Private Ventures in Habsburg Portugal (1622–1628)
Authors: Pereira Edgar
Published: May 2019

Among the solutions devised by early modern Western European states to engage with the private sector in the governance of their overseas empires, the adjudication of revenue farms and colonial monopolies was often dismissed by historians on the grounds of being coercive, inefficient, and risk-exempt for the contractors. In reality, however, the threat of financial hardship and insolvency was very real, and not infrequently led to contractual removal, the seizure of collateralized assets, and even the imprisonment of the concessionaires.

This article approaches the neglected topic of failure in big business in early seventeenth-century Portugal, an overlooked case of a contractor state that relied extensively on the adjudication of government contracts to finance and rule its overseas empire. By looking into the downward trajectories of two tax-farmers and the collapse of their contractual dealings, light will be shed on how the Crown and private entrepreneurs reacted to the repercussions of failure in these early modern public-private partnerships. It will also be shown how the road leading to termination was very much shaped by the political relationships between the Crown and its contractors and can only be understood in the context of wider relationships of brokerage, credit, and service between the two.
Post partum suboestrus in dairy cows : comparison of treatment with prostaglandin F2α or GnRH + prostaglandin F2α + GnRH
Authors: Grimard B. , Laumonnier G. , Ponsart C. , Fauxpoint H. , Barassin E. , Ponter A.A. , Deletang F. , Mialot J.P.
Published: May 2019

Two studies (expt. 1, 185 cows in 1996/97; expt. 2, 168 cows in 1997/98) were conducted with Prim ‘Holstein dairy cows in the Mayenne region (France) to investigate suboestrus. Cows which had not been observed in oestrus since calving were allocated alternately to treatment groups between 60 and 90 days post partum. Expt. 1. Group 1: GnRH (Day 0, 100 μg im), PGF2α (Day 7, 25 mg im), GnRH (Day 9, 100 μg im) with artificial insemination (AI) Day 10. Group 2 : PGF2α (Day 0, 25 mg im), AI at oestrus or if oestrus not observed a second PGF2α injection was given (Day 13) with AI on Day 16 and Day 17. Expt. 2. Group 1 : GnRH (Day 0, 100 /μg im), PGF2α (Day 7, 25 mg im), GnRH (Day 9, 100 μg im) with AI at observed oestrus after Day 0 or at Day 10 if oestrus not observed. Group 2 : PGF2α (Day 0, 25 mg im), AI at oestrus, or if oestrus was not observed a second PGF2α injection was given (Day 13) and AI at observed oestrus. Progesterone was measured in serum at Day 0 and in milk at AI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by measuring bovine Pregnancy Specific Protein B (bPSPB) (Day 50 + 3) and confirmed by ultrasonography when the result was doubtful.

In expt. 1, farmers observed 47/101 (46.9 %) of group 1 cows in oestrus, 33/91 on Day 10 and 10 before Day 10. The progesterone concentrations were compatible with oestrus in 69/86 (80%) of cows on Day 10. In group 2, 36/83 (43.4 %) of cows were inseminated after the first PGF2α injection. After the second PGF2 α, only 29/43 (67 %) of cows had a low progesterone concentration at AI. The pregnancy rates were 36.1% and 32.5 % for groups 1 and 2, respectively. In expt. 2, oestrus was observed in 31/93 (33.7 %) of group 1 cows. In group 2, 51/75 (66 %) of cows were inseminated after the first injection of PGF2α, 13/75 (17.3 %) after the second and 11/75 (14.7 %) were not seen in oestrus. Pregnancy rates were 53.7% and 53.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that suboestrus be treated with PGF2α followed by AI at observed oestrus when oestrus detection is good while, the use of GnRH + PGF2α + GnRH is recommended when oestrus detection is poor.