bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Texto para Discussão 3063
Authors: Cunha Bruno Queiroz
Published: January 2025

Este trabalho busca revisar a transformação recente dos Estados latino-americanos no sentido da adoção de um perfil de tipo regulatório. A expansão do modelo de Estado regulador na região tem sido marcante. Ao longo das últimas décadas, esse processo determinou ajustes ao interior dos Estados e, também, nas dinâmicas de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas. O trabalho reexamina esse processo a partir de uma síntese histórica e crítica, somada à inspeção de tendências contemporâneas em países latino-americanos selecionados. Ao final, apontamos temas emergentes e promissoras rotas de pesquisa. Também ressaltamos aspectos práticos que podem ser relevantes para futuras iniciativas reformistas na região. Com isso, oferecemos uma contribuição que é tanto teórica quanto empírica acerca do estudo da regulação e das políticas públicas na América Latina.
A hónap eseményei az EU belügyi együttműködése terén (2012. december)
Authors: Szabó Adrienn
Published: January 2025

The author summarises the events of December 2012 in the field of EU cooperation on home affairs.
A rendészeti vezetőképzésről
Authors: Finszter Géza
Published: January 2025

The author shows how management training methodologies used in the private sector can be applied for law enforcement agencies.
Becstelen emberek, becstelen foglalkozások. A becstelen karakterrel élők a XV–XVIII. század társadalmában a büntetés-végrehajtás szereplőinek példáján
Authors: Mezey Barna
Published: January 2025

Focusing on criminal punishment, the author shows how dishonest personalities were viewed by society in the 15-18 centuries.
„…a nemzethez, a néphez, az országhoz hűséges rendőrség nemzeti érték” Beszélgetés BENE LÁSZLÓ volt országos rendőrfőkapitánnyal
Authors: Finszter Géza
Published: January 2025

The sixty-year-old Academic Journal of Internal Affairs revived the old traditions of the interview genre when it visited the former National Chief of Police, Lieutenant General Dr. László Bene, who was interviewed about the development of his exceptional professional career.
Performances analysis and improvement of mechanical system using the fractional order adaptive PID controller
Authors: Benaouicha Karim , Bensafia Yassine , Khettab Khatir , Akroum Hamza , Idir Abdelhakim
Published: January 2025

Mechanical systems find applications across various scientific disciplines, particularly in the domain of control strategies, which has drawn significant interest from researchers. A fractional adaptive PID (FAPID) controller is suggested as a means to improve system performance in this study—specifically, rise time, settling time, and overshoot—by incorporating fractional-order integrators and differentiators into the traditional adaptive PID feedback mechanism. The performance and efficiency of the suggested FAPID controller are matched with those of the traditional adaptive PID controller in order to show the validity of this method. Analyzes and numerical simulations help to find the most effective controller. Regarding settling time, rising time, overshoot, and mean absolute error, the fractional-order PID controller performs better than its classical equivalent. Furthermore, extending this method to other fractional and integer-order systems helps to maximize noise rejection and performance.
Reappraising the Reincarnation Debate in an African Culture: A Conceptual Clarification
Authors: Oyekunle Akinpelu A. , Mkhwanazi Ezekiel S.N.
Published: January 2025

This paper re-examines the reincarnation debate within the African cultural context, with a focus on the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria and the Nguni people of Southern Africa. The reincarnation debate has generated the query that the term/concept ‘reincarnation’ does not describe or capture African socio-cultural thinking and belief about the interrelationship between the living and the dead. Alternative terms that align with African intellectual heritage and cultural practices have emerged because of this query, while critiques have been advanced against the alternative terms’ arguments. Thus, the reappraisal of the reincarnation debate becomes necessary to provide analytical justification for the proposed alternative terms for the phenomenon of reincarnation within the African socio-cultural ecosystem. Adopting an expository and analytic method of philosophising, this paper calls for a conceptual clarification of what reincarnation could mean in the African context. This paper argued that the phenomenon of reincarnation explains one of the ways Africans promote family solidarity and unbroken inter-generational unity in the cycle of existence. As such, the African conception of reincarnation encapsulates a philosophical explanation of the perpetuation of the family of the past on a cyclic continuum involving present and future generations. The study concludes by emphasising the importance of reconceptualising reincarnation within the African conceptual framework to ensure the logical and intelligible representation of African intellectual heritage and identity, particularly considering the global epistemicide of local knowledge systems.

Keywords: Reincarnation, Yoruba, Nguni, Cultural Heritage, Conceptual Frameworks
Exploring the Role of Human Resource Management in Advancing Change in the Public Sector
Authors: Olowu Akinseye
Published: January 2025

The role of HRM in advancing change in the public sector has become a key influencer in shaping the trajectory of public service delivery across the globe. The role that HRM has had to play in the current international system cannot be downplayed. As a principal agent for service delivery of government functions, the process of human resource management in the public sector has a first-line impact on the performance of government functions and the realization of its programmes and policies. With the current trend across the globe towards a digital economy, human resource management of the public sector is still in the transition stage from traditional personnel management to modern human resource management in developing countries. The Principal Agent Theory serves as the theoretical framework for the analysis of this study. The underlying presumptions of this paradigm include the following: actors act in a way that maximizes benefits; there are conflicts of interest; actors’ rationality is limited; and there are information asymmetries between principals and agents. The actors are able to use the discretionary scope for actions that maximize their own gains thanks to these information asymmetries. Secondary sources of data were used to collect data. The study findings revealed that change management continues to be a primary concern for HR directors, particularly in light of the negative effects that too much change and uncertainty are having on public sector businesses. However, workers should be continuously trained to align with the constant change dynamic in the public sector.

Keywords: Management, Change, Human Resource, Public Sector, Recruitment, Training
The Cogency of Including the Works of Athol Fugard in the Further Education and Training Phase Curriculum in the Ekurhuleni South District: Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Mobali Maria , Pillay Pravina
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to explore the cogency of including the works of Athol Fugard in the Further Education and Training Phase from the perspectives of teachers. It focused on selected schools in the Ekurhuleni South District. The importance of this investigation acts as a measure to determine how teaching the works of Athol Fugard enhances and influences the teaching of English literature through the Further Education and Training of teachers and creates awareness about human rights issues. This study adopted a qualitative approach. The research instrument used was semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The sample was selected purposively and comprised twelve (12) teachers from three (3) different high schools in the Ekurhuleni South District. The participants were teachers who taught grades 10, 11, and 12 and were spread across different genders, grades, and educational backgrounds. Data was coded and analysed using thematic analysis. There was the general consensus from teachers that teaching the works of Athol Fugard opened a whole new world and experience, not only to the participants but to the learners as well. The findings revealed that teachers found that teaching the works of Athol Fugard in the Further Education and Learning Phase is very useful in many facets such as conscientising them and learners on human rights issues.

Keywords: Cogency, Further Education and Training Phase, apartheid and post-apartheid
G321.93-0.01: A Rare Site of Multiple Hub-filament Systems with Evidence of Collision and Merging of Filaments
Authors: Maity A. K. , Dewangan L. K. , Bhadari N. K. , Fukui Y. , Ismail A. Haj , Jadhav O. R. , Sharma Saurabh , Sano H.
Published: January 2025

Hub-filament systems (HFSs) are potential sites of massive star formation (MSF). To understand the role of filaments in MSF and the origin of HFSs, we conducted a multiscale and multiwavelength observational investigation of the molecular cloud G321.93–0.01. The 13CO(J = 2–1) data reveal multiple HFSs, namely, HFS-1, HFS-2, and a candidate HFS (C-HFS). HFS-1 and HFS-2 exhibit significant mass accretion rates (

M

̇

∣
∣

 > 10−3
M
⊙ yr−1) to their hubs (i.e., Hub-1 and Hub-2, respectively). Hub-1 is comparatively massive, having higher

M

̇

∣
∣

than Hub-2, allowing to derive a relationship

M

̇

∣
∣

∝

M

hub

β

, with β ~ 1.28. Detection of three compact H ii regions within Hub-1 using MeerKAT 1.28 GHz radio continuum data and the presence of a clump (ATL-3), which meets Kauffmann and Pillai's criteria for MSF, confirm the massive star-forming activity in HFS-1. We find several low-mass Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array cores (1–9 M
⊙) inside ATL-3. The presence of a compact H ii region at the hub of C-HFS confirms that it is active in MSF. Therefore, HFS-1 and C-HFS are in relatively evolved stages of MSF, where massive stars have begun ionizing their surroundings. Conversely, despite a high

M

̇

∣
∣

, the nondetection of radio continuum emission toward Hub-2 suggests it is in the relatively early stages of MSF. Analysis of 13CO(J = 2–1) data reveals that the formation of HFS-1 was likely triggered by the collision of a filamentary cloud about 1 Myr ago. In contrast, the relative velocities (≳1 km s−1) among the filaments of HFS-2 and C-HFS indicate their formation through the merging of filaments.
Spherical Accretion in the Schwarzschild Spacetime in the Newtonian Analogous Construct
Authors: Ghosh Shubhrangshu , Ghose Souvik , Pal Kalyanbrata , Bhadra Arunabha , Das Tapas K.
Published: January 2025

The velocity-dependent Newtonian analogous potentials (NAPs) corresponding to general relativistic (GR) spacetimes accurately capture most of the relativistic features, including all classical tests of GR, effectively representing spacetime geometries in Newtonian terms. The NAP formulated by Tejeda & Rosswog (TR13) for Schwarzschild spacetime has been applied to the standard thin accretion disk around a black hole (BH) as well as in the context of streamlines of noninteracting particles accreting onto a Schwarzschild BH, showing good agreement with the exact relativistic solutions. As a further application, here we explore the extent to which TR13 NAP could describe a transonic hydrodynamical spherical accretion flow in Schwarzschild spacetime within the framework of standard Newtonian hydrodynamics. Instead of obtaining a typical single “saddle-type” sonic transition, a “saddle–spiral pair” is produced, with the inner sonic point being an (unphysical) “spiral type” and the outer being a usual “saddle type.” The Bondi accretion rate at outer sonic radii, however, remains consistent with that of the GR case. The primary reason for the deviation of our findings from the classical Bondi solution is likely due to the inconsistency between the Euler-type equation in the presence of velocity-dependent TR13 NAP within the standard Newtonian hydrodynamics framework, and the corresponding GR Euler equation, regardless of the fluid’s energy. Our study suggests that a (modified) hydrodynamical formalism is needed to effectively implement such potentials in transonic accretion studies that align with the spirit of TR13 like NAP, while remaining consistent with the GR hydrodynamics. This could then essentially circumvent GR hydrodynamics or GR magnetohydrodynamics equations
Dwarf Galaxies with Radio-excess Active Galactic Nuclei in the Very Large Array Sky Survey
Authors: Eberhard John-Michael , Reines Amy E. , Gim Hansung B. , Darling Jeremy , Greene Jenny E.
Published: January 2025

We present a systematic search for radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in dwarf galaxies using recent observations taken by the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS). To select these objects, we first establish a criterion to identify radio-excess AGNs using the infrared-radio correlation parameter, q, that describes the tight relation between radio and IR emission in star-forming galaxies. We find a 2σ threshold of q < 1.94 to select radio-excess AGNs, which is derived from a sample of ∼7000 galaxies across the full mass range in the NASA-Sloan Atlas that have radio and IR detections from VLASS and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, respectively. We create catalogs of radio-excess AGNs and star-forming galaxies and make these available to the community. Applying our criterion to dwarf galaxies with stellar masses M
⋆ ≲ 3 × 109
M
⊙ and redshifts z ≤ 0.15, and carefully removing interlopers, we find 10 radio-excess AGNs with radio-optical positional offsets between ∼0″ and 2.′3 (0–2.7 kpc). Based on statistical arguments and emission line diagnostics, we expect the majority of these radio-excess AGNs to be associated with the dwarf host galaxies rather than background AGNs. Five of the objects have evidence for hosting AGNs at other wavelengths, and five objects are identified as AGNs in dwarf galaxies for the first time. We also identify eight variable radio sources in dwarf galaxies by comparing the VLASS epoch 1 and epoch 2 observations to Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters detections presented in A. E. Reines et al. (2020).
Can Alfvénic Fluctuations Affect the Correlation and Complexity of Magnetic Field of Magnetic Ejecta? A Case Study Based on Multi-spacecraft Measurements at 1 au
Authors: Scolini Camilla , Zhuang Bin , Lugaz Noé , Winslow Réka M. , Farrugia Charles J. , Magyar Norbert , Bacchini Fabio
Published: January 2025

We investigate whether Alfvénic fluctuations (AFs) can affect the structure of magnetic ejecta (ME) within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). We study an ICME observed on 2001 December 29 at 1 au by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and Wind, at a total angular separation of ~0

.

°

8 (~ 0.014 au). We focus on the correlation and complexity of its magnetic structure measured between two spacecraft in association with large-amplitude AFs. The Alfvénicity of the ME is investigated in terms of the residual energy and cross helicity of fluctuations. We find that as for the event of interest, large-amplitude AFs occur in the rear region of the ME at both Wind and ACE with a duration of about 6 hr. We compare the correlation of the magnetic field strength and vector components measured between Wind and ACE, and investigate complexity in terms of the magnetic hodograms. The region showing AFs is found to be associated with a decreased correlation of the magnetic field components and an increased complexity of the ME magnetic configuration detected at ACE and Wind, which may be due to the fact that the two spacecraft crossing the same ME along different trajectories likely sampled AFs in different oscillation phases. Combining multipoint in situ measurements and remote-sensing observations of the ICME source region, we further discuss different potential sources of the AFs.
V442 Cen: Is the Accreting White Dwarf Ultra-rapidly Rotating?
Authors: Callahan Laura , Sion Edward M. , Godon Patrick
Published: January 2025

As observed with the Hubble Space Telescope, the archival Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph far-ultraviolet spectrum of the white dwarf (WD) in the dwarf nova V442 Cen reveals no photospheric absorption features from accreted metals, despite its WD accounting for 100% of the UV light in quiescence. We discuss why V442 Cen does not exhibit any metals in its photosphere, including the possibility that its rotational velocity is so rapid that it smears out the absorption lines of accreted metals. In this case, the accreting WD in V442 Cen would be the most rapidly rotating non-magnetic CV WD.
Integrating in vitro and in silico techniques for evaluating the antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum indicum L
Authors: Fatimawali  , Kepel Billy J. , Rotty Linda W. A. , Tallei Trina E. , Nurkolis Fahrul
Published: January 2025

The prevalence of degenerative diseases has been escalating due to the mounting presence of oxidative stress conditions, characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress triggers genetic alterations, structural modifications, and the progression of various degenerative disorders, including cancer, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. Consequently, the modulation of redox homeostasis and attenuation of oxidative stress through the activity of antioxidant compounds play crucial roles. Chrysanthemum indicum L., an herb with rich historical usage for alleviating diverse discomforts and oxidative stress-related ailments, possesses potential antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying its efficacy remains poorly understood. In this study, the antioxidant potential of chrysanthemum flower ethanol extract was investigated by assessing its ability to inhibit 2,2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Additionally, the detected compounds present in chrysanthemum flowers were computationally docked to the key macromolecular receptors involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, namely Cytochrome P450 (CP450) and NADPH oxidase (NO). The findings revealed that the ethanolic extract in chrysanthemum flowers displayed inhibitory activity against 2,2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at a concentration of 1.35 µg/mL, which is comparable to that of vitamin C (0.7 µg/mL). Moreover, the bioactive compounds present in the ethanolic extract of chrysanthemum flowers, namely 3-hydroxyspirost-8-en-11-one, ingenol 3-hexadecanoate, and Ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol acetate, were subjected to docking simulations with CP450 and NO receptors. The binding-free energies (BFEs) acquired for the compound 3-Hydroxyspirost-8-en-11-one were determined to be -12.7 kcal/mol and -12.4 kcal/mol for CP450 and NO receptors, respectively. Similarly, the compound Ingenol 3-hexadecanoate exhibited BFE values of -9.5 kcal/mol and -10.7 kcal/mol, while the compound Ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol acetate displayed BFEs of -8.9 kcal/mol and -8.1 kcal/mol for CP450 and NO receptors, respectively. In contrast, the control substances 5-fluorouracil (FLU) and dextromethorphan (DEX) demonstrated BFEs of -4.9 kcal/mol and -6.5 kcal/mol, respectively, for each receptor. Collectively, our findings suggest that chrysanthemum extract holds promise as a natural antioxidant source for alleviating oxidative stress and preventing the progression of degenerative diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
$ L^p $-theory for the $ {\partial }\overline{\partial} $-equation and isomorphisms results
Authors: Khidr Shaban , Sambou Salomon
Published: January 2025

We establish an $ L^{p}_{\rm loc} $-existence theorem for the $ {\partial }\overline{\partial} $-equation on a half-space of $ \mathbb C^n $. The result is achieved for forms of class $ L^{p}_{\rm loc} $ as well as for those forms in the scale of $ W^{1, p}_{\rm loc} $-Sobolev spaces and admitting distributional boundary values. Some isomorphisms and regularity results in relation to de Rham, Bott–Chern, and Aeppli cohomology groups are moreover obtained.
Global existence of 3D rotating magnetohydrodynamic equations arising from Earth's fluid core
Authors: Sun Jinyi , Wang Weining , Zhao Dandan
Published: January 2025

The paper is concerned with the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations in the rotational framework concerning with fluid flow of Earth's core and the variation of the Earth's magnetic field. By establishing new balances between the regularizing effects arising from viscosity dissipation and magnetic diffusion with the dispersive effects caused by the rotation of the Earth, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of solutions of the Cauchy problem of the three-dimensional rotating magnetohydrodynamic equations in Besov spaces. Moreover, the spatial analyticity of solutions is verified by means of the Gevrey class approach.
“As ideias de liberdade penetraram profundamente”. Comunicação e revolução, 1789–1793
Authors: Scott Julius S. , Martins Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

This essay is a Portuguese translation of Chapter 4 of Julius S. Scott's The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution (Verso, 2018). The translation was completed by Elizabeth (Bebete) Martins, who can be reached at bmartins@umich.edu.
The Foreign Gaze
Authors: Abimbola Seye
Published: January 2025

The field of research known as academic global health is in the midst of a scientific debate that is questioning its epistemological foundations. This book contributes to that questioning. Through a series of essays that weave together personal narratives and conceptual reflections, it shows how as researchers in academic global health, we defer to a distant, powerful, foreign gaze, whose power shapes our pose and what we can see or say. Many of our accepted knowledge practices – how we make, use, share and value knowledge – are steeped in structural prejudice and heavily peppered by epistemic injustice. To transform academic global health, we need a critical mass of people who can articulate why many of our accepted knowledge practices are unfair, people who know where to aim their efforts to entrench just practices, people who can get others to join in those efforts. This book was written to help build that critical mass.
Entretien avec Vincent Patigniez à propos de son ouvrage Accompagner la construction sexuelle et de genre chez les ados
Authors: Szerdahelyi Loïc
Published: January 2025

Le livre de Vincent Patigniez, Accompagner la construction sexuelle et de genre chez les ados, propose, en dialogue avec la littérature scientifique, une série de ressources utiles pour faire vivre l’éducation à la sexualité et au genre dans les établissements scolaires. Dans l’entrevue qui suit, l’auteur partage avec Loïc Szerdahelyi ses motivations à l’origine du projet éditorial, ainsi que les axes forts de l’ouvrage dont le but est d’outiller les personnels enseignants, d’éducation et de formation afin de viser collectivement une école de l’égalité, moins discriminante et plus juste.
L’inclusion des personnes trans’ par la procédure du prénom d’usage
Authors: Juliette Jouan
Published: January 2025

Progressivement mise en place dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur, la procédure du prénom d’usage est un outil d’inclusion pour les étudiants et étudiantes trans’. Elle permet l’utilisation d’un prénom différent de celui à l’état civil sur divers documents. L’article vise à comprendre en quoi la procédure, transmise par les directions de manière purement administrative et sans formation sur les enjeux trans’, mène à la (re)connaissance des besoins d’identification des étudiants et étudiantes trans’ dans leurs établissements. Les résultats sont issus d’une enquête qualitative, composée d’entretiens semi-directifs effectués auprès des corps politique, administratif et estudiantin de quatre établissements d’enseignement supérieur français (deux universités et deux écoles). En réponse à la faible définition politique de la procédure et à l’absence de formation au sujet des transidentités, le personnel administratif méconnaît les besoins liés aux transitions et les moyens techniques disponibles de genre pour répondre aux demandes estudiantines. Ces limites de la procédure obligent les étudiants et étudiantes à expliquer leur demande liée au genre auprès d’une multitude de personnes au sein des établissements.
Le rôle des enseignant·es de français dans l’éducation sentimentale de leurs élèves : étude de cas de la séquence de 4ème « Dire l’amour »
Authors: Lambolez Marine
Published: January 2025

Cet article questionne la place des discours enseignants, au sein du cours de français de classe de 4ème (13 ans), dans l’éducation sentimentale de leurs élèves. Il se base sur un travail de terrain effectué dans trois collèges publics, aux différences sociales marquées, situés dans une métropole française et sa banlieue, ainsi que sur des entretiens. Les élèves de quatrième ont suivi une séquence intitulée "Dire l'amour" conformément au programme du Ministère de l'Éducation nationale. L'étude révèle que cette séquence devient l’occasion pour les enseignant·es d'aborder le sujet des relations amoureuses, dans et hors de la littérature, et d'interagir avec les élèves à ce sujet. Les enseignant·es, en tant que figures d'autorité, participent à l’incorporation de normes relatives à l’amour et au couple. Pour certaines enseignantes, le cours devient une opportunité de relayer des discours de prévention contre le sexisme et les violences auprès des adolescent·es.
Queer de récréation
Authors: Demazel Lucien , Perreau Chloé
Published: January 2025

C'est à travers 12 ateliers que des élèves de 6e d’un collège d'Évry-Courcouronnes questionnent les rapports sociaux inégaux provoqués dans/par leur cour de récréation. Les premiers ateliers ont été consacrés au rapport personnel que les élèves entretiennent avec la cour, par l’élaboration de cartes sensibles recensant leurs parcours, leurs ressentis et leur perception de cet espace (matières, objets) ; ainsi qu’aux interactions par un travail mené sur les insultes et discriminations, et une réflexion sur la non-mixité. Une « Queertographie » géante sur le mur de la classe fut l’aboutissement de cette réflexion et la base de travail pour la conception et la réalisation d’un aménagement pensé et fabriqué par et pour les élèves : un espace calme et inclusif avec des poufs, sur une zone qui leur était auparavant interdite. Un projet empoufvoirant !
Une innovation statistique : les enquêtes 1-2-3
Authors: Razafindrakoto Mireille
Published: January 2025

Au centre des questions de développement, l’économie informelle est longtemps restée une terra incognita. Pourtant elle joue un rôle décisif dans les pays du Sud puisqu'elle constitue la principale source de revenu de la grande majorité des ménages, tout particulièrement les plus pauvres. En effet, une grande majorité des emplois s'exerce dans l'économie informelle dans ces pays. Etant donné les enjeux, la méthode des enquêtes 1-2-3 a permis de répondre à un double défi, statistique et économique : mesurer ce qui échappe à la mesure – l’économie informelle, et comprendre son fonctionnement et sa dynamique. Cette méthodologie a été développée puis consolidée par l’IRD à travers différents projets nationaux et régionaux lancés à partir du début des années 1990 et conduits en partenariat étroit avec les instituts nationaux de statistiques, en collaboration avec les centres de recherche et universités, des organismes régionaux, des agences et bailleurs de fonds. Cette étude retrace les travaux réalisés dans trois pays – Pérou, Madagascar et Vietnam. Elle relate la manière dont les résultats des recherches ont eu un impact dans les domaines social, économique, institutionnel, politique, académique ainsi qu’en matière de renforcement de capacités.
A Statistical Innovation: 1-2-3 Surveys
Authors: Razafindrakoto Mireille
Published: January 2025

At the heart of development issues, the informal economy has long remained a terra incognita. Yet it plays a decisive role in the Global South, since it is the main source of income for the vast majority of households, especially the poorest. Indeed, the vast majority of jobs in these countries belongs to the informal economy. Given the stakes involved, the 1-2-3 survey method has made it possible to meet a twofold challenge, both statistical and economic: to measure what escapes measurement - the informal economy, and to understand how it operates and its dynamics. This methodology was developed and consolidated by the IRD through various national and regional projects launched from the early 1990s onwards, and conducted in close partnership with national statistical institutes, in collaboration with research centers and universities, regional bodies, agencies and donors. This study retraces the work carried out in three countries - Peru, Madagascar and Vietnam. It describes how the research results have had an impact in the social, economic, institutional, political, academic and capacity-building fields.
Procesos y peligros volcánicos en Ecuador
Authors: Samaniego Pablo
Published: January 2025

Desde 1999, Ecuador ha tenido que enfrentarse a crisis volcánicas sucesivas que afectaron zonas densamente pobladas del valle interandino. Los vulcanólogos del IRD y del Instituto Geofísico de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional de Quito (IG-EPN), que colaboraban desde hacía varios años, adaptaron sus investigaciones para aportar respuestas a las necesidades de las instituciones ecuatorianas encargadas de la prevención de riesgos y de la gestión de las crisis volcánicas. Este estudio retoma sus trabajos y muestra su contribución, así como la de los distintos actores implicados, al fortalecimiento de la investigación vulcanológica ecuatoriana, a la aplicación de un enfoque preventivo del riesgo a largo plazo por parte de los poderes públicos y a la difusión de una cultura del riesgo entre las comunidades que viven cerca de volcanes activos, en particular el Tungurahua.
Consumer Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Seafood: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Lokugamage I. P. , De Silva W. N. , Aanesen M.
Published: January 2025

With the fisheries industry having detrimental effects on the environment and society, sustainable seafood is becoming more important. Understanding consumer preferences is essential to establish and maintain sustainable seafood markets. Numerous worldwide studies have evaluated consumer Willingness to Pay (WTP) for sustainable seafood providing a variety of findings. This article attempts to incorporate these findings and analyze variations in consumer WTP for sustainable seafood consumption. Studies were initially identified through Google Scholar using a set of keywords. With a predetermined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 studies with 141 observations were selected for the analysis. A weighted ordinary least squares regression was used to analyze the data. When compared to the reference group of ‘other attributes’, the results of the meta-regression model reveal that consumers place higher price premiums for ‘organic’ and ‘local/domestic’ attributes. The ‘choice experiment/conjoint analysis’ and ‘contingent valuation’ methods elicited significantly higher WTP estimates in comparison to the reference group ‘other methods’. Additionally, WTP estimates from the ‘choice experiment/conjoint analysis’ was higher than the ‘contingent valuation’ method. Furthermore, ‘Europeans’ and ‘Americans’ displayed significantly lower price premiums compared to ‘Asians’. Publication in Journals also resulted in significant positive values compared to publishing in others. Thus, the findings show that consumer WTP varies for different sustainable seafood attributes. The estimation method, region and publication also cause differences in WTP. The findings provide important implications for seafood producers and policymakers when making decisions related to the sustainability of seafood and designing future research work.
How to conduct a literature review effectively using effective searching techniques
Authors: Munasinghe D. , Ranasinghe S.
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Continuing Professional Development (CPD): where the workplace becomes the classroom Is it where research begins?
Authors: Ponnamperuma G. G.
Published: January 2025

CPD views learning as a lifelong activity that a professional must be committed to. Hence, CPD is an integral part of professional life, as opposed to being an optional add-on. Over the years, CPD has undergone considerable change to make it more meaningful to the practitioner, while satisfying the requirements demanded by governing bodies of the profession. From being just an event, it has metamorphosized into a process. In the past, at-tending a CPD event was sufficient to claim CPD. However, today, CPD requires a professional to show an impact on practice, either directly or indirectly. This article explores how CPD could be organized, practised, and documented to meet the modern-day demands of the profession while not being an overtly extra burden to the practising clinician. Such CPD could naturally lead to action research benefitting the practitioner, the profession, and above all the patient.
Heterogeneous Packaging Optimizing Performance and Cost
Authors: Kelly Mike
Published: January 2025

Chiplets and 3D Stacking. An EDA perspective of Heterogenous Integration.
Aerosol Jet Printed 3D Interconnects Enable Millimeter Wave Applications over 100GHz
Authors: Germann Bryan
Published: January 2025

As mmWave applications increase in the global communications, automotive and mil/Aero markets and expand above traditional mmWave frequency bands, the onus of limiting the signal parasitics associated with interconnects has never been more important. Techniques such as copper bumps and 3DIC packaging introduce complications and costs to designers that wire bonds do not. However, as the frequency climbs, transmission line widths diminish and the limitations of traditional wire or wedge bonding techniques become a real problem for package designers. Printed 3D Interconnects made with Aerosol Jet printing provide package designers and RF engineers a new tool to tailor the impedance of transition interconnects for active die, tailoring the loss characteristics to the application need and eliminating the need to compensate for poor signal through loss and back reflection behavior. Printed 3D interconnects are digitally designed into the package and can be made of noble metals like gold, with the ability to create high conductivity traces. As they are conformal to the surface of the package, the trace length can be minimized, creating lower inductance pathways to transition from transmission line to active die circuitry specifically for die on board, die in trench, or die on die with pads up packaging configurations. We will share examples showcasing similar loss performance to transmission lines with no breaks, significantly improving the performance when compared to bond wires and ribbons.
Laser Assisted Deposition for Advanced Packaging
Authors: Zenou Michael , Javice Herve
Published: January 2025

The printing of viscous materials for advanced packaging it is growing and at the same time the requirement on the printing technology increase to print faster, better resolution, to be digital, to combine different type of materials. This industry is searching for a new technology to reach and to developed new design.

We will demonstrate how an innovative laser-assisted deposition system can process multiple high-viscosity materials simultaneously at high-resolution. This new technology opens the way to new advanced applications and the fabrication of innovative materials and meta-materials. The system will work with many materials currently on the market and will also leave great freedom to innovate to both material engineers and chemists: they will be able to create products with significantly better properties than those achievable with current 3D printing technologies. In this presentation, the audience will Discover laser assisted deposition, a new additive manufacturing technology and we provide example to evaluate how laser-assisted deposition can add value in manufacturing.
Substrates for Heterogeneous Integration
Authors: Lau John H.
Published: January 2025

Driven by 5G and AI, the semiconductors’ speed increases, density increases, pad-pitch decreases, chip-size increases, and power dissipation increases. All these provide challenges (opportunities) to advanced packaging technology such as the heterogeneous integration (HI), which uses various packaging technologies to integrate dissimilar chips, photonic devices, or components (either side-by-side, stack, or both) with different materials and functions, and from different fabless design houses, foundries, wafer sizes, feature sizes, and companies into a system or subsystem. For the next few years, we will see more of a higher level of HI, whether it is for time-to-market, performance, form factor, power consumption, signal integrity, and/or cost. In this presentation, the HI will be defined and it is classified into 5 categories, namely, HI on organic substrate, HI on TSV-interposer substrate, HI on TSV-less interposer substrate, HI on fan-out RDL-substrate, and HI on ceramic substrate. The trends of substrate for HI will also be discussed.
Analysis of Advanced Polymer Semiconductor Packaging Materials by Atomic Scale Simulation
Authors: Browning Andrea R. , Elliott Simon D. , Kwak H. Shaun , Afzal Mohammad Atif Faiz , Chandrasekaran Anand , Morisato Tsuguo , Goldberg Alexander , Halls Mathew D.
Published: January 2025

Advanced packaging is a key aspect in the drive toward next generation semiconductor applications. Polymers are critical packaging materials and as new uses are explored, demands grow on improved use of existing high performance polymers and development of new polymers meeting the requirements for new electronic technologies. Atomic scale simulation provides a key tool in meeting this development demand. From refractive index to glass transition temperature, atomic scale simulation connects the behavior of the polymer monomers and chains to the properties and performance useful for design and manufacturing. High throughput screening of 10K’s of chemistries and increased understanding of best design directions become accessible with application of atomistic simulation. This talk will describe automated workflows for thermal, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties that connect to the performance of polymeric electronic packaging materials. The combination of molecular simulation engines including GPU based molecular dynamics with Desmond will be highlighted, with automated workflows for consistent and validated evaluation of properties. Finally, example cases with polymers such as polyimides and epoxy resins will showcase how the methods can be applied to electronic packaging solutions.
Carbon-Based Thermal Interface Materials for High-Power Device Packaging
Authors: Brenner Kevin , Xu Paul , Bolivar Jesus Alejandro
Published: January 2025

The packaging of high-power devices, like high-frequency GaN and GaAs devices, is a persistent challenge. These devices are often mounted with thermal interface materials (TIMs) that must provide both electrical and thermal conductivity to an underlying board. As these devices begin to face extreme thermal fluxes, the required thermal conductivity begins to exceed that of metals, and TIMs based on new materials must be developed for their reliable packaging. In most non-metals, the thermal conductivity is related to the atomic mass and the chemical bonds in the material. This spotlights carbon allotropes that have light atoms and some of the strongest chemical bonds found in nature. For example, three-dimensional (3D) diamond with sp3 hybridized carbon and two-dimensional (2D) graphene with sp2 hybridized carbon. As such, these materials exhibit record thermal conductivities. However, diamond is electrically insulating. Graphene has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity in-plane, but is highly anisotropic and has poor cross-plane conductivities (i.e., it is hard to get heat into graphene). Furthermore, graphene has finicky interactions with the surrounding environment. To lend perspective, simply placing a graphene on a substrate can suppress its thermal conductivity by an order of magnitude. While neither material may be a standalone solution, their integration together (like sp2-sp3 conversion) or within a composite (like an epoxy) may hold promise. To fully understand the electrical and thermal potential of such carbon-based TIMs, not only do the bulk properties of diamond and graphene matter, but also the interfacial properties. In fact, in nanostructured composites, the interfacial properties can severely limit the overall properties. As a result of this, diamond and graphene composites typically exhibit thermal conductivities below bulk metals. This work probes the fundamental limits of interfacial electrical and thermal conductivity between, diamond, graphene, and a host material. The aim of this work to understand and manipulate these interfacial properties in a manner that allows carbon-based TIMs to meet the packaging needs of increasingly higher-power devices.
Thermal Management Implications for Heterogeneous Integrated Packaging
Authors: Nelson Cameron
Published: January 2025

As the semiconductor industry reaches

lower process nodes, silicon designers

struggle to have Moore’s law produce

the results achieved in earlier generations. Increasing the die size in monolithic system on chip (SoC)

designs is no longer economically

viable. The breakdown of monolithic SoCs into specialized chips, referred to as chiplets, presents significant

benefits in terms of cost, yield and

performance. Chiplets offer the

advantage to manufacturers of being able to shrink process nodes of only

specific components, while maintaining

others in more economical sizes. In

addition, several power-related

factors come into play.

The efficiency of power-per-

computation in silicon continues to

improve, however, the overall package

power density is increasing. Increased

package power density requires careful design and material consideration to

obtain optimal thermal performance.

Due to increased integration and power density, thermal management in high-performance computing has not only challenged the package design but also the system-level cooling solutions. As

a result, significant effort has been

focused on developing the next

generation of cooling technologies for

data centers which include various

implementations of liquid cooling. All

of these technologies aim to reduce

the thermal resistance path for heat

dissipating from the package to the

ambient. These trends result in the

package having a much more significant

contribution to the overall thermal

budget.

Enhancements to the package’s thermal

performance have significant

implications for data centers. A lower

package thermal resistance can offer

longer operating life, or, alternatively, the ability to operate

the device at a higher power level for

the same temperature. Lower junction temperatures can offer decreased

cooling requirements in terms of heatsink size, lower airflow or

increased allowable ambient temperature. From a facility

standpoint, every 1°C reduction in the

ambient temperature of a data center

translates to about 2% saving in cooling costs for typical data center efficiencies.

This presentation will investigate the

thermal implications of heterogenous

integrated packages compared to

traditional system on chip (SoC) designs from the viewpoint of package design and thermal interface materials.
Autocatalytic Tin: How to Overcome Process Limitations to Introduce a New Solution for Thick Tin Plating
Authors: Schafsteller Britta
Published: January 2025

The autocatalytic deposition of tin is gaining high interest as it offers several benefits compared to the immersion deposition. Despite the fact that in contrast to the immersion plating process there is no technical limitation of the thickness of the tin deposit, it also allows the deposition of tin on different materials other than copper or aluminum. With this, it can open up new application fields for plating deposits, which are not considered for electroless plating yet.

Even though there is a great potential for this technology, there are limitations that have prevented the successful introduction of this process so far. One limitation of possible electrolyte formulations is for example, that the plating rate of the process is instable in so far as it tends to drop already after few minutes of dwell time. Target of the investigations presented in this paper was to understand the root cause of this deposition rate drop. In order to clarify the reaction mechanisms different electrochemical approaches such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) or Quarz-Microbalance (QMB) were used to determine the physical and chemical background. It could be proven, that pyrophosphate which is used as complexing agent in most autocatalytic tin solutions adsorbs on the electrode surface and that due to that adsorption, the plating reaction of tin is inhibited.

Based on this finding a bath formulation was created, which is able to overcome this inhibiting effect being able to provide stable plating performance over bathlife.

In this paper exemplary tin deposits are presented which were plated with an autocatalytic electrolyte comparing their layer properties to those of other conventional final finishes like immersion tin or electroless nickel/immersion gold. To judge the performance of the final finish, solder wetting behavior and solder joint reliability were rated and compared. It is also shown, that the electrolyte solution can be tailored in composition and plating parameters to fulfill requirements such as defined layer roughness or the capability for plating of fine patterns.

The presented results will allow to consider the autocatalytic tin deposition as a potential solution for specific applications. Thicker tin layers would improve the solderability. In addition, higher tin thickness (>3 Âµm) is also of interest in IC substrates. Here, mechanical solder paste printing is currently limited to areas with a diameter of ~50 Âµm. Commonly used structures have areas with a diameter ~20 Âµm. An autocatalytic tin process which deposits tin (solder) chemically onto the ball grid arrays would therefore lead to technological progress in microchip manufacturing. Beneath deposition of solder bumps also filling of SMD pads could be fulfilled. In Âµ-LED market it could replace sputtered tin allowing comparable quality at lower costs and easier process handling. It could be concluded that potential applications for this process are wide.