bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Social Relations of a Health Walk Group: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Grant Gordon , Pollard Nick , Allmark Peter , Machaczek Kasia , Ramcharan Paul
Published: April 2017

It is already well established that regular walks are conducive to health and well-being. This article considers the production of social relations of regular, organized weekly group walks for older people. It is based on an ethnographic study of a Walking for Health group in a rural area of the United Kingdom. Different types of social relations are identified arising from the walk experience. The social relations generated are seen to be shaped by organizational factors that are constitutive of the walks; the resulting culture having implications for the sustainability of the experience. As there appears to be no single uniting theory linking group walk experiences to the production of social relations at this time, the findings are considered against therapeutic landscape, therapeutic mobility, and social capital theorizing. Finally, implications for the continuance of walking schemes for older people and for further research are considered.
Teachers’ Use of High- and Low-Support Scaffolding Strategies to Differentiate Language Instruction in High-Risk/Economically Disadvantaged Settings
Authors: Pentimonti Jill M. , Justice Laura M. , Yeomans-Maldonado Gloria , McGinty Anita S. , Slocum Laura , O’Connell Ann
Published: April 2017

The focus of the present work was to examine teachers’ use of dynamic processes when implementing static language lesson plans that explicitly required teachers to employ scaffolding strategies so as to differentiate instruction. Participants were 37 preschool teachers and 177 children in their classrooms. Videotaped classroom observations were carried out and coded for the frequency of teachers’ use for six types of scaffolds. Children were assessed on measures of language skills. Study findings indicated that teachers utilized scaffolding strategies at relatively low rates and that they utilized low-support scaffolding strategies more frequently than high-support strategies. Furthermore, results suggested that the use of certain types of scaffolding strategies may be beneficial for children’s development of language skills. Findings from this work suggest that teachers may benefit from professional development opportunities focusing on the use of dynamic features of language interventions, such as scaffolding strategies, in the preschool classroom.
Oregon School-Based Health Centers and Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviors Among Adolescents
Authors: Bersamin Melina , Paschall Mallie J. , Fisher Deborah A.
Published: April 2017

This study investigated the association between school-based health centers (SBHCs) and sexual behavior and contraceptive use among 11th graders. The sample included 134 high schools (27 schools with SBHCs) and 11,840 students who participated in the 2015 Oregon Healthy Teens Survey. Multilevel logistic regressions found positive associations between SBHC presence and healthy sexual behavior ( OR = 1.23, p < .05) and contraceptive use ( OR = 1.31, p < .01). Associations were stronger at schools with at least 50% of students receiving free or reduced price lunch. Among SBHC schools, prescribing and dispensing contraceptives onsite was positively related to contraceptive use among students who had sex within the past 3 months ( OR = 1.77, p < .01). Findings suggest that exposure to SBHCs in general, and availability of specific reproductive health services, may be effective population-based strategies to support healthy sexual behaviors among youth.
Milk Options Observation (MOO): A Mixed-Methods Study of Chocolate Milk Removal on Beverage Consumption and Student/Staff Behaviors in a Rural Elementary School
Authors: Davis Melinda M. , Spurlock Margaret , Ramsey Katrina , Smith Jamie , Beamer Beth Ann , Aromaa Susan , McGinnis Paul B.
Published: April 2017

Providing flavored milk in school lunches is controversial, with conflicting evidence on its impact on nutritional intake versus added sugar consumption and excess weight gain. Nonindustry-sponsored studies using individual-level analyses are needed. Therefore, we conducted this mixed-methods study of flavored milk removal at a rural primary school between May and June 2012. We measured beverage selection/consumption pre- and post-chocolate milk removal and collected observation field notes. We used linear and logistic mixed models to assess beverage waste and identified themes in staff and student reactions. Our analysis of data from 315 unique students and 1,820 beverages choices indicated that average added sugar intake decreased by 2.8 g postremoval, while average reductions in calcium and protein consumption were negligible (12.2 mg and 0.3 g, respectively). Five thematic findings emerged, including concerns expressed by adult staff about student rebellion following removal, which did not come to fruition. Removing flavored milk from school-provided lunches may lower students’ daily added sugar consumption without considerably decreasing calcium and protein intake and may promote healthy weight.
Graph Theory and Brain Connectivity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: delEtoile Jon , Adeli Hojjat
Published: April 2017

This article presents a review of recent advances in neuroscience research in the specific area of brain connectivity as a potential biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease with a focus on the application of graph theory. The review will begin with a brief overview of connectivity and graph theory. Then resent advances in connectivity as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease will be presented and analyzed.
The Home Health Groupings Model: Should Historical Practice Shape Future Payment?
Authors: Lee Teresa , O’Connor Melissa
Published: April 2017

In November 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services published a report commissioned from Abt Associates titled “Medicare Home Health Prospective Payment System: Case-Mix Methodology Refinements, Overview of the Home Health Groupings Model.” The report presents a proposal to dramatically change Medicare payment for home health care. Based on Medicare claims and home health patient assessment data from 2013, the proposal and its approach raise issues and questions about whether historical practice patterns in home health care provide optimal grounding for a redesign of the home health payment system of the future.
The PERMA well-being model and music facilitation practice: Preliminary documentation for well-being through music provision in Australian schools
Authors: Lee Juyoung , Krause Amanda E. , Davidson Jane W.
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to consider how we can invest in music-making to promote well-being in school contexts. Web-based data collection was conducted where researchers identified 17 case studies that describe successful music programs in schools in Australia. The researchers aligned content from these case studies into the five categories of the PERMA well-being model: Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment, in order to understand how each well-being element was realised through the music programs. The results indicate that the element of the PERMA well-being model that relates to relationships was described most often. Collaboration and partnership between students, teachers, and staff in schools, and local people in the community such as parents, local entrepreneurs, and musicians were repeatedly identified as a highly significant contributing factor in the success of the music program. The school leaders’ roles in providing opportunities for students to experience musical participation and related activities (engagement) and valuing these experiences (meaning) were also crucial in the facilitation of the music programs. The findings of this study indicate that tailored music and relationship-centred music programs in schools not only increase skills and abilities of the students, but also improve the psychosocial well-being of the students and the community.
Metabolites predict lesion formation and severity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Klauser Antoine M , Wiebenga Oliver T , Eijlers Anand JC , Schoonheim Menno M , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Barkhof Frederik , Pouwels Petra JW , Geurts Jeroen JG
Published: April 2017

Background:

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by white matter lesions, which are visualized with conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Little is known about local metabolic processes preceding the appearance and during the pathological development of new lesions.

Objective:

To identify metabolite changes preceding white matter (WM) lesions and pathological severity of lesions over time.

Methods:

A total of 59 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were scanned four times, with 6-month intervals. Imaging included short-TE magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Results:

A total of 16 new lesions appeared within the MRSI slab in 12 patients. Glutamate increased (+1.0 mM (+19%), p = 0.039) 12 and 6 months before new lesions appeared. In these areas, the increase in creatine and choline 6 months before until lesion appearance was negatively correlated with radial diffusivity (ρ = −0.73, p = 0.002 and ρ = −0.72, p = 0.002). Increase in creatine also correlated with the increase of axial diffusivity in the same period (ρ = −0.53, p = 0.034). When splitting the lesions into “mild” and “severe” based on radial diffusivity, only mild lesions showed an increase in creatine and choline during lesion formation ( p = 0.039 and p = 0.008, respectively).

Conclusion:

Increased glutamate heralded the appearance of new T2-visible WM lesions. In pathologically “mild” lesions, an increase in creatine and choline was found during lesion formation.
Human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: Causation, association, or after-effect?
Authors: Morandi Elena , Tarlinton Rachael E. , Tanasescu Radu , Gran Bruno
Published: April 2017

From the early days of MS discovery, infections have been proposed as a possible cause of the disease. In the last three decades, an association between human endogenous retrovirus expression and MS has been further investigated and confirmed. Nevertheless, the role of such retroviruses in the disease needs clarification. In this review, we introduce MSRV/HERV-W and describe its association with MS. We then summarize the evidence for the involvement of MSRV/HERV-W in the aetiology and progression of MS and its possible role as biomarker and drug target. Biological mechanisms for HERV effects in MS may involve the activation of innate immune pathways by the envelope protein of MSRV (MSRVEnv). In addition to in vitro and experimental studies, further insight on how HERVs may influence immune-mediated pathology in MS may also come from the use of antiretroviral treatments in patients.
Examining the relationship between child maltreatment and school performance in public schools in Saudi Arabia: A pilot study
Authors: Altamimi Dana , Almuneef Maha , Albuhairan Fadia , Saleheen Hassan
Published: April 2017

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between child maltreatment (CM) and school performance among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2014. The enrolment criteria included both male and female Saudi students ( n=674; 52.7% male) aged 12–19 years ( Mage=15.6±1.6 years), attending intermediate and secondary schools belonging to the Ministry of National Guard. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on different forms of abuse that had occurred in the past or were currently occurring. Results: Poor school performance was more likely in students who lived among substance-use family members or guardians compared with those who did not (33.3% vs. 11.4%; p<0.01), those with an imprisoned family member compared with those without (26.5% vs. 11.2%; p<0.01), those who were psychologically abused compared with those who were not abused (21.0% vs. 10.1%; p<0.01), those who were physically abused compared with those who were not abused (18.9% vs. 9.3%; p<0.01), and those suffering multiple forms of abuse compared with those not abused (23.4% vs. 9.7%; p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that household dysfunction was the most predisposing factor to poor performance in school, and included living among substance-use family members or guardians (odds ratio=4.0; 95% confidence interval=1.7–9.5) and living with imprisoned family member (odds ratio=3.1, 95% confidence interval=1.5–6.3). Conclusions: CM, along with family structure and dynamics, has an adverse relationship with students’ school performance. These findings highlight the importance of increasing awareness of the impact of CM on school performance among families, schools and the community.
Effects of daylight design features on visitors’ satisfaction of museums
Authors: Kaya Sevkiye M , Afacan Yasemin
Published: April 2017

This study evaluates daylight performance in an art museum in İstanbul, Turkey to analyse the effects of daylight design features on visitors’ satisfaction in art museums. The study is based on users’ data obtained through a survey and daylight simulation achieved by Autodesk 3D’s Max 2014. A three-part questionnaire was conducted with 100 participants in overcast- and clear-sky conditions to rate visitors’ satisfaction with the museum and their importance level of daylight design issues in museums. The museum’s daylight illuminance data were measured on a scaled model by a computer simulation program. The statistical results and simulation renderings show that daylight design is a multi-parameter task. There are statistically significant correlations between visual comfort and visitor satisfaction. The study finds two essential daylight considerations for a practical guide to promote healthy and effective daylight use in museums: (i) that certain design aspects in a museum, such as location, window size and window distance from partitions or displays, are important regardless of weather conditions and that (ii) glare prevention from openings such as windows and skylights is also a crucial aspect in visual comfort.
Interview data: a qualified defence against the radical critique
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: April 2017

This article focuses on what has been referred to as the ‘radical critique’ of interview data, to which Paul Atkinson has been an important contributor. This critique challenges the two main uses of such data in qualitative research, and in other forms of social science: to tap the knowledge of informants; and to draw inferences about the typical beliefs, attitudes, etc. of some group or category of actor to which the informant belongs. I argue that this radical critique relies upon a constructionist attitude towards the social world, and I examine one source of this: the influence of ethnomethodology. However, I suggest that a naturalistic stance can take account of the features of interviews to which the radical critique properly draws attention, without undercutting the normal uses of interview data. I emphasise that this does not obviate the need for careful consideration of how such data are produced, and particularly of the discourse practices involved. I illustrate my argument by briefly examining the opening section of an interview.
Touching tacit knowledge: handwork as ethnographic method in a glassblowing studio
Authors: O’Connor Erin
Published: April 2017

This article draws from an enacted ethnography conducted over four years in a glassblowing studio, where I immersed myself in the learning process to become a glassblower. Specifically, it uses the visceral ethnographic experience of handwork in glassblowing to unpack the micro-meanings of hand coordination and examine Michael Polanyi’s theory of tacit knowledge ‘from the body’ (Ingold, 2000; Pink, 2009; Wacquant, 2015: 5). Methodologically, handwork is the ‘point of production’ by which to reflect upon Polanyi’s analytical concepts (Wacquant, 2015: 5). Broadly engaging anthropology’s study of the relation of gesture and form both within and outside of glassblowing studios and the sociology of skill, this analysis brings the body’s embedded experience and constitutive power to bear on analyses of tacit knowledge to reveal how handwork is itself constitutive of form and meaning (Atkinson, 2013b; Harper, 1987; Keller and Keller, 1996; Malafourius, 2008; Marchand, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2001; Sudnow, 1978). It also grounds a reinterpretation of the proximal term in Polanyi’s theory of tacit knowledge.
‘Art and Objecthood’, Philosophy
Authors: Melville Stephen
Published: April 2017

This article explores the relations between philosophy, criticism and art history in the work of Arthur Danto, on the one hand, and Stanley Cavell and Michael Fried on the other, arguing that in the 50 years since the publication of ‘Art and Objecthood’, that essay’s terms of argument and expression have become increasingly hard to make out.
Failure to Engage: Art Criticism in the Age of Simulacrum
Authors: Rubinstein Daniel
Published: April 2017

In this article, the author explores the metaphysical underpinnings of Fried’s Art and Objecthood (1998[1967]) in order to tease out its reliance on several of the tenets of conservative art criticism: Plato’s theory of forms, Kant’s aesthetics and the unquestioning acceptance of subjectivity and representation. He argues that it is due to these investments that Art and Objecthood fails to come to terms with the condition of art in the age of advanced technology and virtual (simulated) reality. This argument develops by means of clarification of three key concepts: simulacrum, theatricality and truth.
On Use: Art Education and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Morra Joanne
Published: April 2017

In this article, the author uses a key moment in Michael Fried’s essay ‘Art and Objecthood’ – Fried’s reference to Tony Smith’s car ride on the unfinished New Jersey Turnpike with his Masters of Fine Art students – to think about the possibilities offered to art education by psychoanalysis. In considering Smith’s experience and Fried’s interpretation of it as instances of both pedagogy and Winnicottian ‘use’, the author allows this analogy to echo and expand throughout three different pedagogical moments in which she has put ‘Art and Objecthood’ to use within her teaching, and back through to Sigmund Freud’s idea of ‘after-education’. In this article, she asks: How have I used Fried’s text? How, in turn, do art students use it? How and why do we as teachers and students use theory? What does all this using tell us about art education and the academy? And, ultimately, what is the role of psychoanalysis within art education?
‘A Supreme Fiction’: Michael Fried and Art Criticism
Authors: Green Alison
Published: April 2017

One of the striking aspects of the trenchant legacy of Michael Fried’s ‘Art and Objecthood’ is its status as a piece of art criticism. Widely perceived as difficult and personal, philosophical and explicatory, doxa or sermon, the essay stands out. To explore its singularity, this article compares Fried’s conception of the period criticism of 18th-century French painting in his book Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot (1980) and the method of criticism enacted in ‘Art and Objecthood’ (1967) which he saw as connected. The author pursues this and other crossings between Fried’s art historical writings and art criticism, tracking it to an extended endnote in Fried’s Menzel’s Realism: Art and Embodiment in Nineteenth-Century Berlin (2002). ‘Art and Objecthood’ is a key essay in this story aimed at Fried’s thinking about criticism, its history, theory and practice. Doing this matters because it puts the critic in a particular relation to art and to Fried’s idea of an ‘ontologically prior relationship between painting and the beholder’.
Market resource gaps
Authors: Abendroth Lisa J. , Pels Jaqueline
Published: April 2017

The needs of low-income consumers in emerging markets often go unfulfilled. In this article, we integrate literature related to cocreation, market separation, and the 4As (acceptability, affordability, accessibility, and awareness) into a new conceptual framework on market resource gaps. The framework allows firms to determine the nature and extent of the gaps between themselves and consumers that limit consumption while simultaneously identifying resources for potential integration into new solutions that can resolve these gaps. The framework also recognizes market dynamics and can be employed iteratively to enable continuous innovation.
Using systemic functional linguistic metafunction as a tool in identifying Agency in organizational change in cross-cultural management contexts
Authors: Cordeiro Cheryl Marie
Published: April 2017

This contribution addresses the echoing sentiment that the function of language is not enough focused on in management as an academic discipline even as it is acknowledged that language lies at the heart of international business (IB) activities that take place in cross-cultural management (CCM) contexts. Organizations operate in contexts of uncertainty and change, finding themselves increasingly having to navigate in cross-cultural environments in the context of globalization and international management. Yet, few studies outside the field of applied linguistics (especially discourse analysis) have used language as an instrumental tool in uncovering the subtle workings of influence in organizational change. Scholastic literature in CCM suggests that language in IB is generally studied in two broad dimensions of inquiry – language as (i) object/phenomenon (nature of language) and as (ii) process/function (nature of meaning from language). Because organizational change can be difficult to define when looking at it as a broad process over time, this article addresses the latter nature of language in CCM and IB studies in illustrating how language metafunctions can be used as a methodological tool in analysing qualitative data in order to uncover Agency or actors of influence in processes of organization change in a cross-cultural working context.
Language and the faces of power
Authors: Wilmot Natalie Victoria
Published: April 2017

Although language is gaining increasing attention in the international management literature, much of the existing empirical work takes a mechanistic approach and as such fails to give sufficient attention to the relationship between language policies and power. By synthesizing the language-sensitive literature in international management with that of organization studies, I demonstrate how the choice of language policy can be viewed as a particular application of power and how employees may seek to resist such choices. This is an important contribution to the cross-cultural management literature, as it extends the understanding of the link between language policies and power by moving away from neutral, pragmatic understandings of language use which have dominated previous research. In doing so, it provides future directions for empirical research in order to enable a deeper understanding of the microprocesses by which employees subjectively experience and resist the imposition of such policies.
Language attitudes and intergroup dynamics in multilingual organizations
Authors: Woo DaJung , Giles Howard
Published: April 2017

This article takes an intergroup communication perspective to conceptualizing language-related issues in multilingual multinational corporations (MNCs). Language is one of the most salient identifiers of individuals and groups as well as an integral aspect of self-concept. Managers of multilingual teams and MNCs, where speakers of different first languages must rely on mutual interactions to achieve common goals, are likely to deal with communication challenges among many other managerial concerns. Adopting a corporate common language (CCL) provides MNCs benefits, such as efficiency and coherence, from standardizing employees’ use of language. Yet, the fact that a certain language is viewed as “standard” or common—and others as “nonstandard” and uncommon—can potentially create tensions between native and nonnative speakers of it. To increase scholarly attention to this topic, we discuss topics related to language attitudes that can affect communication processes in multilingual MNCs. The implications of, and organizational benefits for, sensitizing managers of MNCs that have adopted a CCL approach to these intergroup dynamics are discussed. We conclude the article with future research agenda for cross-cultural management researchers facing the global environment in which organizational, cultural, and sectoral boundaries are increasingly blurred and multilingualism impacts both internal and external functions of organizations.
Carers’ experiences accessing information on supports and services: Learning the social care “dance”
Authors: Meyer Kylie
Published: April 2017

Cities across England will see a growing number of informal carers as the population ages, many of whom do not begin this role equipped with the knowledge they need to access social care services and supports. One of the more significant changes brought by passage of the Care Act of 2014 is local governments’ increased responsibility to improve the provision of information and advice on social care to informal carers, long recognized as a policy priority. To better understand where improvements can be made on a local level in order to achieve the goals laid out in the Care Act, this study considers carers’ experiences accessing information and advice on social care services and supports in a city with a population of over 250,000 in the south of England. This was done through the collection of semi-structure qualitative interviews with 11 carers to people aged 65 and older from April 2015 to July 2015. Thematic analysis of interviews revealed a tension between carers’ varying levels of knowledge and experience with the social care system and information services’ one-size-fits-all approach to providing information. Findings suggest local governments should focus on creating information services that more actively reach out to carers, provide greater guidance to those carers who need it, and work to flexibly meet informal carers information needs, acknowledging that some carers will be less familiar than others with aspects of the social care system.
The effect of basal insulin glargine on the fibrinolytic system and von Willebrand factor in people with dysglycaemia and high risk for cardiovascular events: Swedish substudy of the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial
Authors: Rautio Aslak , Boman Kurt , Gerstein Hertzel C , Hernestål-Boman Jenny , Lee Shun Fu , Olofsson Mona , Mellbin Linda Garcia
Published: April 2017

Introduction:

Fibrinolytic factors, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue plasminogen activator, tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator-complex and the haemostatic factor von Willebrand factor are known markers of cardiovascular disease. Their plasma levels are adversely affected in patients with dysglycaemia, and glucose normalization with insulin glargine might improve the levels of these factors.

Methods:

Prespecified Swedish substudy of the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00069784). Tissue plasminogen activator activity, tissue plasminogen activator antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen, tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex and von Willebrand factor were analysed at study start, after 2 years and at the end of the study (median follow-up of 6.2 years).

Results:

Of 129 patients (mean age of 64 ± 7 years, females: 19%), 68 (53%) and 61 (47%) were randomized to the insulin glargine and standard care group, respectively. Allocation to insulin glargine did not significantly affect the studied fibrinolytic markers or von Willebrand factor compared to standard care. Likewise, there were no significant differences in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue plasminogen activator antigen and von Willebrand factor. During the whole study period, the within-group analysis revealed a curvilinear pattern and significant changes for tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex, tissue plasminogen activator antigen and von Willebrand factor in the insulin glargine but not in the standard care group.

Conclusion:

In people with dysglycaemia and other cardiovascular risk factors, basal insulin does not improve the levels of markers of fibrinolysis or von Willebrand factor compared to standard glucose-lowering treatments.
Amyloid Positivity Using [18F]Flutemetamol-PET and Cognitive Deficits in Nondemented Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Hammers Dustin B. , Atkinson Taylor J. , Dalley Bonnie C. A. , Suhrie Kayla R. , Horn Kevin P. , Rasmussen Kelli M. , Beardmore Britney E. , Burrell Lance D. , Duff Kevin , Hoffman John M.
Published: April 2017

Little research exists examining the relationship between beta-amyloid neuritic plaque density via [18F]flutemetamol binding and cognition; consequently, the purpose of the current study was to compare cognitive performances among individuals having either increased amyloid deposition (Flute+) or minimal amyloid deposition (Flute−). Twenty-seven nondemented community-dwelling adults over the age of 65 underwent [18F]flutemetamol amyloid-positron emission tomography imaging, along with cognitive testing using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and select behavioral measures. Analysis of variance was used to identify the differences among the cognitive and behavioral measures between Flute+/Flute− groups. Flute+ participants performed significantly worse than Flute− participants on RBANS indexes of immediate memory, language, delayed memory, and total scale score, but no significant group differences in the endorsed level of depression or subjective report of cognitive difficulties were observed. Although these results are preliminary, [18F]flutemetamol accurately tracks cognition in a nondemented elderly sample, which may allow for better prediction of cognitive decline in late life.
Examining Factors Affecting Caregiver Burden: A Comparison of Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Küçükgüçlü Özlem , Söylemez Burcu Akpınar , Yener Görsev , Barutcu Canan Demir , Akyol Merve Aliye
Published: April 2017

This study was conducted to compare the caregiver burden with regard to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and to determine the factors affecting the caregiver burden of patients with AD and FTD. A comparative descriptive study design was used. The sample consisted of 90 patients with AD and 44 patients with FTD and their caregivers. Sociodemographic questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) were used. Descriptive statistics, t tests, χ2 test, and multinominal regression were used for analysis. No difference was found with subscales and the total score of the CBI, except time dependency scale. The total NPI and FAQ scores correlated significantly, and the MMSE score did not show a significant correlation with the AD and FTD caregiver burden. The presence and frequency of neuropsychological symptoms differ among patients with FTD and AD, and different symptoms affect the caregiver burdens in both groups.
Human-Centered Design Using System Modeling Language
Authors: Watson Michael E. , Rusnock Christina F. , Colombi John M. , Miller Michael E.
Published: April 2017

The human user is important to consider during system design. However, common system design models, such as the system modeling language, typically represent human users and operators as external actors, rather than as internal to the system. This research presents a method for integrating human considerations into system models through human-centered design. A specific system is selected to serve as the case study for demonstrating the methodology. The sample system is analyzed to identify the task and information flow. Then, both system- and human-centered diagrams are separately created to represent different viewpoints of the system. These diagrams are compared and analyzed, and new diagrams are created that incorporate both system and human considerations into one concordant representation of the system model. These new views allow systems engineers and human factors engineers to effectively communicate the role of the user during early system design trades.
Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of the Distal Radius Treated With Physeal-Sparing Double-Barrel Vascularized Free Fibula Transfer: A Case Report
Authors: Ding David Y. , LaMartina Joey , Tai Chau , Pandya Nirav K.
Published: April 2017

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a hereditary disease that can lead to pseudoarthrosis of various long bones. Rarely, pseudoarthrosis affects the forearm, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pseudarthrosis of the distal radius treated by this unique method. Methods: We present a case of a 7-year-old male who underwent multiple operations to treat pseudoarthrosis of the distal radius. Results: After failed conservative and operative fixation augmented with autologous iliac crest bone grafting, the patient underwent a successful double-barrel vascularized free fibula graft while preserving the physis of the distal radius. Conclusion: Double-barrel vascularized free fibula bone graft can be successfully used as the definitive treatment in refractory cases of distal forearm pseudarthrosis and we believe that our technique can be applied to all cases of pseudarthrosis in other patients with a similar presentation and lesion location.
Incorporating Perspective Taking in Reflexivity
Authors: Finefter-Rosenbluh Ilana
Published: April 2017

A growing literature has discussed multiple complexities of various researcher stances and the place of reflexivity in qualitative research. This article contributes to the literature by illuminating the importance and illustrating ways of incorporating perspective taking in insider processes of reflexivity. Specifically, this article dissects an insider-researcher’s attempt to resolve research uncertainties by considering the perspective of an outsider-researcher, who had conducted similar study at the same school. Through incorporating processes of perspective taking in reflexivity, the insider-researcher uncovered complexities and ethical quandaries that may have had an impact on her study. Subsequently, the article provides lucid accounts of perspective taking as a method to enhance qualitative research processes, namely, to help resolve methodological uncertainties and to portray a richer and nuanced inquiry picture.
Examining “Elite” Power Dynamics in Informant–Research Relations and Its Impact on Ethnographic Data Construction
Authors: Declercq Jana , Ayala Ricardo A.
Published: April 2017

This article explores how power dynamics between informants and field researchers shape ethnographic data construction, drawing on fieldwork at a pharmaceutical company. Pharmaceutical companies are considered elite settings, and often assumed to be powerful in relation to the researcher and dominating the data construction. However, such a view conceptualizes power in terms of fixed categories, in which there is a superior and subordinate position. We reconsider the impact of elite informants in the light of a constructivist, interactionist view on power, in which power is dynamic and not necessarily entailing domination. We answer the following research questions: (1) How can we observe power dynamics, as conceptualized in a constructionist and interaction orientation, in ethnographic research? and (2) How can we reflect on what these power dynamics mean for data construction, based on our experiences in elite settings? To do so, we make use of discursive and interactional analytic methods and propose three levels of analysis: (1) the level of conversation, (2) the level of ethnography, and (3) the level of the organization in society. They respectively shed light on power in relation to (1) what is said and how, (2) the meanings attached to the ethnographic events, and (3) the meaning of the ethnography in relation to the discourses on the organization in society. With this article, we aim to provide researchers with a methodological tool to approach and to reflect on the significance of power relations in the context of ethnography and interviewing and its impact on data construction.
The cultural capitalists: Notes on the ongoing reconfiguration of trafficking culture in Asia
Authors: Yates Donna , Mackenzie Simon , Smith Emiline
Published: April 2017

Most analysis of the international flows of the illicit art market has described a global situation in which a postcolonial legacy of acquisition and collection exploits cultural heritage by pulling it westwards towards major international trade nodes in the USA and Europe. As the locus of consumptive global economic power shifts, however, these traditional flows are pulled in other directions: notably for the present commentary, towards and within Asia.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Random ECG in Primary Care for Early, Asymptomatic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Jelinek Herbert F. , Adam Marc T. P. , Krones Robert , Cornforth David J.
Published: April 2017

Aims:

Cardiac autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) are time consuming and require patient cooperation for detecting cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis requires less patient cooperation and is quicker to complete. However the reliability of HRV results as a clinical tool, with respect to length of recording and accuracy of diagnosis is inconclusive. The current study investigated the reproducibility associated with varying length of recording for early CAN (eCAN) assessment.

Methods:

Participants were 68 males, 72 females with average age of 55 for controls and 63 for early CAN. Inclusion criteria were that participants were medication free and presented with no comorbidities. ECGs of control and eCAN were recorded and heart rate changes analyzed with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Lomb-Scargle periodogram (LSP). Ten-second to 5-minute recordings were extracted from a 15-minute lead-II ECG and accuracy in assessment of eCAN determined.

Results:

The eCAN group was older ( P < .001) and systolic blood pressure was higher ( P < .01). HDL-cholesterol was also higher in the eCAN group ( P < .05). HRV analysis showed that both FFT and LSP results were significantly different between eCAN and control down to a 10-second ECG length for low frequency (LSP: P = .013, FFT: P = .024) and high frequency (HF-LSP: P = .002, FFT: P = .002) power. eCAN assessment was optimal down to 90-second recordings with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 29.49%.

Conclusion:

HRV is suitable for clinical practice from ECG recordings of more than 90 seconds with high accuracy and repeatability within a session for each participant.
Tri-layered composite plug for the repair of osteochondral defects: in vivo study in sheep
Authors: Yucekul Altug , Ozdil Deniz , Kutlu Nuri Hunkar , Erdemli Esra , Aydin Halil Murat , Doral Mahmut Nedim
Published: April 2017

Cartilage defects are a source of pain, immobility, and reduced quality of life for patients who have acquired these defects through injury, wear, or disease. The avascular nature of cartilage tissue adds to the complexity of cartilage tissue repair or regeneration efforts. The known limitations of using autografts, allografts, or xenografts further add to this complexity. Autologous chondrocyte implantation or matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation techniques attempt to introduce cultured cartilage cells to defect areas in the patient, but clinical success with these are impeded by the avascularity of cartilage tissue. Biodegradable, synthetic scaffolds capable of supporting local cells and overcoming the issue of poor vascularization would bypass the issues of current cartilage treatment options. In this study, we propose a biodegradable, tri-layered (poly(glycolic acid) mesh/poly(l-lactic acid)-colorant tidemark layer/collagen Type I and ceramic microparticle-coated poly(l-lactic acid)-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) monolith) osteochondral plug indicated for the repair of cartilage defects. The porous plug allows the continual transport of bone marrow constituents from the subchondral layer to the cartilage defect site for a more effective repair of the area. Assessment of the in vivo performance of the implant was conducted in an ovine model (n = 13). In addition to a control group (no implant), one group received the implant alone (Group A), while another group was supplemented with hyaluronic acid (0.8 mL at 10 mg/mL solution; Group B). Analyses performed on specimens from the in vivo study revealed that the implant achieves cartilage formation within 6 months. No adverse tissue reactions or other complications were reported. Our findings indicate that the porous biocompatible implant seems to be a promising treatment option for the cartilage repair.
Magnetic resonance imaging planning in children with complex congenital heart disease – A new approach
Authors: Valverde Israel , Tangcharoen Tarinee , Hussain Tarique , Bliek Hubrecht de , Penney Graeme , Breeuwer Marcel , Schaeffter Tobias , Razavi Reza , Greil Gerald
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To compare a standard sequential 2D Planning Method (2D-PM) with a 3D offline Planning Method (3D-PM) based on 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Design

In 14 children with complex CHD (mean: 2.6 years, range: 3 months to 7.6 years), axial and coronal cuts were obtained with single slice spin echo sequences to get the final double oblique longitudinal cut of the targeted anatomical structure (2D-PM, n = 31). On a separate workstation, similar maximal intensity projection (MIP) images were generated offline from a 3D CE-MRA. MIP images were localizers for repeated targeted imaging using the previous spin echo sequence (3D-PM). Finally, image coverage, spatial orientation and acquisition time were compared for 2D-PM and 3D-PM.

Main outcome measures

2D-PM and 3D-PM images were similar: both perfectly covered the selected anatomic regions and no spatial differences were found (p>0.05). The mean time for creation of the final imaging plane was 241 ± 31 s (2D-PM) compared to 71 ± 18 s (3D-PM) (p<0.05).

Conclusions

3D-PM shows similar results compared to 2D-PM, but allows faster and offline planning thereby reducing the scan time significantly. As newly developed high-resolution 3D datasets can also be used further improvement of this technology is expected.
Usability testing of a smoking cessation smartphone application (‘SmokeFree Baby’): A think-aloud study with pregnant smokers
Authors: Wu Joyce , Tombor Ildiko , Shahab Lion , West Robert
Published: April 2017

Background

Only a few digital interventions have been developed for pregnant smokers, and little is known about the acceptability and usability of smartphone apps to aid cessation in pregnancy. This study aimed to explore pregnant smokers’ views on the design, content and usability of a pregnancy-specific smoking cessation app in order to inform intervention development and optimisation.

Methods

Ten interviews were conducted and the ‘think-aloud’ protocol was used in order to explore participants’ views about a smoking cessation smartphone app (‘SmokeFree Baby’). The data were subsequently thematically analysed. Participants were 18 and over, pregnant, and daily or weekly cigarette smokers.

Results

Three main themes were identified: views about the design elements, mode of delivery and content of the intervention. App design was considered as an important element that might influence potential users’ engagement with the intervention. Participants felt that the intervention content was educational, motivational and non-judgemental. However, it was emphasised that the app should provide further options for personalisation and include more practical features.

Conclusions

Delivering smoking cessation support via a smartphone app can be feasible and acceptable for pregnant smokers. They appear to value content that is motivational, educational and personalised, and meeting these requirements may be important for user experience and promoting engagement with the intervention.
Distress Severity Following a Romantic Breakup Is Associated With Positive Relationship Memories Among Emerging Adults
Authors: del Palacio-González Adriana , Clark David A. , O’Sullivan Lucia F.
Published: April 2017

Romantic relationship loss is associated with significant psychological distress for emerging adults. Intrusive memories of stressful events are typically associated with symptom severity; however, whether spontaneous positive memories of a relationship breakup may also be related to psychological symptoms has received little attention. We examined links between breakup-specific distress, depressive symptoms, and relationship memories of different valence. Ninety-one emerging adults ( Mage = 20.13) who had experienced a recent romantic breakup recorded the frequency of positive and negative spontaneous relationship memories in a 4-day online memory diary. Control memories were also recorded. Positive memories were specifically related to breakup distress, whereas negative memories were related to both breakup distress and depression. No such associations were found for the control memories. Experiences of positive memories appear critical for understanding the degree of distress a young person may experience following a breakup. Possible explanations for these findings and similarities with the grief and bereavement literature are discussed.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae Endocarditis Associated With Maxillary Sinusitis and Complicated by Cerebral Emboli in a Young Man
Authors: Duzenli Anthony E. , Dwyer John , Carey Jeanne
Published: April 2017

HACEK endocarditis is often difficult to diagnose given the slow-growing characteristics of the organisms involved. Haemophilus parainfluenzae, one of the HACEK organisms, is an uncommon cause of endocarditis. We describe a case of a previously healthy young man with H parainfluenzae endocarditis that was associated with maxillary sinusitis and severe systemic complications, including septic cerebral emboli and mitral valve perforation. Previously reported cases have also described a predilection for younger people, cardiac valve pathology, and a high prevalence of stroke.
Delivering Unique, Attractive (Even Branded) Customer Service Experience Lagniappe: Any Company Can Do This
Authors: Lowenstein Michael
Published: April 2017

Lagniappe is a French-Creole/Southern Louisiana (USA) term meaning the provision of something distinctive and memorable in customer experience. Through stakeholder-centricity, the concept builds a more human touch and the potential for greater customer advocacy in the provision of value. Several examples of lagniappe are offered, as well as six prescrptives for creating and sustaining it.
Intercultural Hermeneutics. Vol. 1 of Intercultural Theology
Authors: Muck Terry C.
Published: April 2017

The global Christian church is culturally diverse—and getting more so every day. As a church, we need to faithfully embrace that diversity and then commit ourselves to developing a way of understanding and loving one another, in spite of cultural difference and misunderstanding.