bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensemble prediction using a new dataset of ECMWF initial states – OpenEnsemble
1.0
Authors: Ollinaho Pirkka , Carver Glenn D. , Lang Simon T. K. , Tuppi Lauri , Ekblom Madeleine , Järvinen Heikki
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ensemble prediction is an indispensable tool of modern numerical weather prediction (NWP). Due to its complex data flow, global medium-range ensemble prediction has so far remained exclusively as a duty of operational weather agencies. It has been very hard for academia therefore to be able to contribute to this important branch of NWP research using realistic weather models. In order to open up the ensemble prediction research for a wider research community, we have recreated all 50+1 operational IFS ensemble initial states for OpenIFS CY43R3. The dataset (OpenEnsemble 1.0) is available for use under a Creative Commons license and is downloadable from an https-server. The dataset covers one year (December 2016 to November 2017) twice daily. Downloads in three model resolutions (TL159, TL399 and TL639) are available to cover different research needs. An open-source workflow manager, called OpenEPS, is presented here and used to launch ensemble forecast experiments from the perturbed initial conditions. The deterministic and probabilistic forecast skill of OpenIFS (cycle 40R1) using this new set of initial states is comprehensively evaluated. In addition, we present a case study of typhoon Damrey from year 2017 to illustrate the new potential of being able to run ensemble forecasts outside major global weather forecasting centres.
DEVELOPING GEOSPATIAL SCIENTISTS – USING STUDENTS AS PARTNERS IN DRONE RESEARCH
Authors: McKee T. , Hashemi-Beni L.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook predicts geospatial careers to increase much faster than average (15%) from 2018 to 2028 with no additional on-the-job training expected. Geospatial professionals can assist in promoting these career opportunities by mentoring high school students through real-world and transferable-skill building activities. The aim is to enhance students’ awareness and stimulate their interest towards STEM education and careers, especially in geospatial data analytics. This area of study incorporates a variety of modern-day tools for analyzing and mapping the Earth. The technology used offers a radically different way in which geospatial scientist produce and use the geospatial information required to manage a large variety of communities and industries.
Observations for high-impact weather and their use in verification
Authors: Marsigli Chiara , Ebert Elizabeth , Ashrit Raghavendra , Casati Barbara , Chen Jing , Coelho Caio A. S. , Dorninger Manfred , Gilleland Eric , Haiden Thomas , Landman Stephanie , Mittermaier Marion
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Verification of high-impact weather is needed by the Meteorological Centres, but how to perform it still presents many open questions, starting from which data are suitable as reference. This paper reviews new observations which can be considered for the verification of high-impact weather, and provides advice for their usage in objective verification. Two high-impact weather phenomena are considered: Thunderstorm and fog. First, a framework for the verification of high-impact weather is proposed, including the definition of forecast and observations in this context and creation of a verification set. Then, new observations showing a potential for the detection and quantification of high-impact weather are reviewed, including remote sensing datasets, products developed for nowcasting, datasets derived from telecommunication systems, data collected from citizens, reports of impacts and claim/damage reports from insurance companies. The observation characteristics which are relevant for their usage in forecast verification are also discussed. Examples of forecast evaluation and verification are then presented, highlighting the methods which can be adopted to address the issues posed by the usage of these non-conventional observations and objectively quantify the skill of a high-impact weather forecast.
Situation of State Management of Private Enterprises in the Market Economy in Vietnam
Authors: Hieu Pham Van
Published: November 2020

Private enterprises play an important role in the economic development of many countries in the world, including Vietnam. In particular, the state management of private enterprises in Vietnam plays an important role in the development of private enterprises in three aspects: promoting private enterprise development; ensure a fair and healthy competitive environment; state manages private enterprises according to the market principle. The state management of private enterprises in Vietnam is of special interest to the Government, which is reflected in the policies, laws, institutions, and support for the development of private enterprises. Analysis of the state management of private enterprises in the market economy in Vietnam helps assess the effectiveness of management measures while pointing out the limitations that need to be overcome so that the state management in this field will be more effective.
COVID‐19 Carves New Facets of Supply Chain Disruption
Authors: Swanson David , Suzuki Yoshinori
Published: November 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has been unusually disruptive for the world economy, with retail sales dropping by record amounts and unemployment escalating rapidly. As the crisis response continues to unfold, the editors of Transportation Journal observe that the virus has presented additional nuances of supply chain disruption, and academicians should explore them. Theory development can enhance our understanding of how the COVID‐19 pandemic is creating new and unique challenges. This article examines some areas of logistics that have been initially impacted, discussing them under the topics of transportation capacity, marketing channels, purchasing, inventory and supply, manufacturing, human resources, public private partnerships (PPP), and security.
Students’ Habits Appear Captured by WhatsApp
Authors: Khoza Simon Bhekumuzi
Published: November 2020

Exploring students’ habits of using WhatsApp is important: such introspection helps students to reflect, and improve their actions. Habits are subconscious thoughts that drive students, for example, to use WhatsApp, even without concentrating on their learning actions. Habits are formed after students have repeated the same action. Twelve students, registered for a Bachelor of Education degree in Mathematics Education at a university in South Africa, were selected to participate. The objective of this study was to understand students’ habits of using WhatsApp in the learning of mathematics. Reflective activities, focus-group discussion, and one-on-one semi-structured interviews, framed by interpretive case study, were used for data production. The students’ habits revealed that The Tree Three Rings Theory was useful when applied as the learning framework. Such application of the theory generated three categories of habits of WhatsApp usage. Categories were social, discipline/disciplinary, and personal habits. The university at which these students were registered prescribed Moodle as the learning management system (LMS). However, the students mostly used WhatsApp. As a result, they used WhatsApp even during face-to-face classes. It appeared that students had been ‘captured’ by WhatsApp, using it as their ‘master’, instead of using it as both their ‘master’ and ‘servant’. The study concluded that, although there were elements of both personal and discipline habits, the social habits drove the learning. Consequently, this study recommends that students should reflect; using social, discipline, and personal actions as taxonomies of education habits, in order to address societal, individual, and the mathematics education needs.
Mediation by Organizational Design in the Influence of Organizational Ambidexterity on the Performance of Large Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Authors: Mutisya Patrick M. , K'Obonyo Peter , Ogollah Kennedy , Njihia James M.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to establish the role of organizational design in the organizational ambidexterity - performance relationship among large manufacturing firms (LMFs) in Kenya. The studies linking ambidexterity to organizational performance are few and with mixed findings. The few studies indicate that there is no clear ambidexterity - organizational performance relationship. The research was founded on dynamic capabilities and configurations theories. Based on the reviewed literature, a conceptual model and hypotheses were formulated. The study was guided by positivist philosophy. The population of the research was the entire 107 Kenyan large manufacturing firms (LMFs). Cross-sectional research design was used. Primary data in respect of predictor variables was used and was collected using a structured questionnaire. The respondents were the senior managers of the large manufacturing firms (LMFs) in Kenya; namely Chief Executive Officers/Managing Directors (CEOs/MDs) or General Managers (GMs), or Heads of departments (HODs). Descriptive statistics, correlations, linear, multiple and hierarchical regressions were applied in the data scrutiny and interpretation. The study results showed partial organizational design mediating role in the organizational ambidexterity - performance association of LMFs in Kenya. The study findings are useful to practitioners and managers of LMFs, policymakers in government as well as scholars and researchers. The study recommends further studies on the mediating role of organizational design, different variable operationalization, diversify respondents and context as well as longitudinal study.
Emotions and Vote Choice
Authors: Close Caroline , van Haute Emilie
Published: November 2020

Emotions and Vote Choice

This article digs into the relationship between voters’ political resentment and their electoral choice in 2019 by focusing on the respondents’ emotions towards politics. Using the RepResent 2019 voter survey, eight emotions are analysed in their relation to voting behaviour: four negative (anger, bitterness, worry and fear) and four positive (hope, relief, joy and satisfaction). We confirm that voters’ emotional register is at least two-dimensional, with one positive and one negative dimension, opening the possibility for different combinations of emotions towards politics. We also find different emotional patterns across party choices, and more crucially, we uncover a significant effect of emotions (especially negative ones) on vote choice, even when controlling for other determinants. Finally, we look at the effect of election results on emotions and we observe a potential winner vs. loser effect with distinctive dynamics in Flanders and in Wallonia.
Prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, hábitos alimentares e de atividade física numa estratégia de saúde da família de Presidente Prudente – SP
Authors: Peres Souza Caroline , Cerazi Prazeres Valentim Matheus , Duarte Ferreira Aline , Pugliesi Abdalla Pedro , Santos Lopes da Silva Leonardo , Santos Carvalho Anderson Dos , Rodrigues Garcia Júnior Jair
Published: November 2020

Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) têm elevada prevalência na população brasileira e atingem todas as classes sociais, representando aproximadamente 71% das mortes no mundo. Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de pacientes com DCNT registradas em um posto da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) em Presidente Prudente e verificar os hábitos alimentares e a prática de atividade física. Métodos: A pesquisa foi baseada em informações de prontuários (n=1005) e questionários (hábitos alimentares e práticas de atividade física). A amostra foi composta por maiores de 18 anos de uma ESF de Presidente Prudente-SP. Resultados: a maior prevalência foi de hipertensão arterial, principalmente, em pacientes acima de 80 anos de idade. Metade da população estudada não tem hábitos alimentares adequados e apenas um terço dos adultos tem prática suficiente de atividade física. Conclusão: hipertensão arterial (30%), obesidade (17%) e Diabetes Mellitus (9%) são as DCNT mais prevalentes. A redução da prevalência futura das DCNT dependerá da forma como educaremos as gerações subsequentes.
Kongssteinen og navnet Stavanger
Authors: Iversen Frode
Published: November 2020

This article present a new and somewhat daring interpretation of the name Stavanger. Previous discussions have revolved around from which topographical elements the name originates. The suffix ON angr, fjord, predates the Viking Age. ON stafr, standing staff became early an appellative for boundary markers. The King’s stone (Kongssteinen) was a remarkable boulder, at least 5.6 meters high and 6.2–7.5 meters wide. In the 4th century, the nearby land was cleared for farming and the boulder became clearly visible from the fjord. The King’s stone was one of several hoarstones for an ancient farm, Eiganes, – the parent farm of the town. It balanced on the top of a low mountain ridge (29 MASL) above the medieval town. It is discussed whether this boundary marker gave name to the fjord Stavanger, which in the 10th century also became the name of the town.
Skjeletta frå Stavanger domkyrkje – ei lang og innfløkt soge
Authors: Høgestøl Mari , Sandvik Paula
Published: November 2020

In 1967‒68 an area under Stavanger Cathedral was excavated, which revealed more than 30 inhumations without any grave goods. Remains of 22 skeletons were boxed individually and sent to the Anatomic Institute at the University of Oslo for analysis. For some unknown reason they kept some of them and returned two boxes containing many bones in a commingled and fragmentary state to Stavanger. Since 2004, The Museum of Archaeology has aimed to revitalize these skeletons for research. Results of 14C-dates state that they all died before the erection of the church which took place in the beginning of the 12th century. Osteometric sorting managed to combine some bones into individuals while analyses of stable isotopes gave insight into their diet. So far efforts to revitalize a miserable bone collection have added new understanding of past life conditions in SW Norway.
Ikoniske fotografier fra arkeologiens barndom – i farger
Authors: Loftsgarden Kjetil , Iversen Frode
Published: November 2020

Ikoniske fotografier fra arkeologiens barndom i farger
Årsrapport Norsk arkeologisk selskap
Authors: Norsk arkeologisk selskap
Published: November 2020

Årsrapport Norsk arkeologisk selskap
Der Kampf um die Werbung im Internet
Authors: Barth Günter
Published: November 2020

Online-Werbeblocker haben über Jahre hinweg die deutschen Gerichte und die juristische Literatur beschäftigt. Die Diskussion erreichte ihren Höhepunkt durch das „Werbeblocker II“-Urteil des BGH im Jahr 2018. Während dieses Urteil einen Großteil der lauterkeitsrechtlichen Rechtsfragen klärte, bleiben vor allem die urheber- und kartellrechtlichen ungeklärt. Deren Bewertung bedarf eines umfassenden technischen und wirtschaftlichen Verständnisses, wofür dieses Werk grundlegende Erklärungen enthält. Es dient auf dieser Grundlage der Ordnung der Vielzahl der Einzelprobleme und Rechtsansichten in ein logisches System und deren Bewertung im größeren rechtlichen Kontext.
Der Nachweis der vergaberechtlichen Eignung im Wandel
Authors: Schulze Fabian
Published: November 2020

Die für diesen Informationsaustausch zwischen öffentlichen Auftraggebern und Wirtschaftsteilnehmern zur Verfügung stehenden Nachweisinstrumente, insbesondere die Einheitliche Europäische Eigenerklärung, genügen nicht den Anforderungen an effiziente Vergabeverfahren. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, auf Basis der Richtlinie 2014/24/EU, einen konkreten Reformvorschlag zu formulieren, der den Nachweis der vergaberechtlichen Eignung effizienter auszugestalten hilft. Das zentrale Element dieses Reformvorschlags ist die Einführung einer Eignungsvermutung. Um eine missbräuchliche Verwendung zu vermeiden, ist ein umfangreiches Anreiz- und Sanktionssystem vorgesehen.
Die Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien unter der „50+1“-Regel
Authors: Feldmeier Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Die Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien stellt eine der am häufigsten verwendeten Rechtsformen in der Fußball-Bundesliga dar. Dies hängt insbesondere mit den besonderen Vorgaben der „50+1“-Regel zusammen. Diese werden zunächst auf Ebene der gesetzestypischen Gesellschaft dargestellt. Im weiteren werden die Auswirkungen verbandsrechtlicher Regelungen und weitere Abweichungsmöglichkeiten vom Ausgangsfall analysiert. Auf dieser Basis wird ein eigenständiger Lösungsansatz für das Verhältnis von Mutterverein und Kommanditaktionären entwickelt.
Project Management Concepts
Authors: S. Anantatmula Vittal
Published: November 2020

This chapter covers fundamentals of project management. It introduces project management concepts and provides a system view of project management plan and processes with which they are implemented. The knowledge areas include scope, time, cost, quality, and risk. The chapter will also emphasize on the interrelated nature of these knowledge areas. In addition to introducing these knowledge areas, the chapter will attempt to develop an understanding of these concepts and the important role of project teams in managing projects successfully. This chapter will also discuss similarities and differences between the plan-driven and change-driven (Agile) project methods.
A Study on Medically Inclined Apparently Healthy Individuals Acquiring Urinary Tract Infections in North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: David Otobo Daniel
Published: November 2020

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) simply the symptomatic or asymptomatic colonization of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder or/and the urethra by microorganisms, commonly bacteria. When these infections affect the kidneys, it is known as pyelonephritis. Objectives: To calculate the percentile risk of medically inclined apparently healthy individuals acquiring urinary tract infection. Methods: Written consent was sought on every questionnaire. It was carried out within the period of August to November, 2018. The study was done with over 160 persons; 154 questionnaires were accepted as properly filled. The questionnaires were gender specific. Persons cut across doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists, nursing students and medical students. The sampling study used was single blinded method. Areas studied were Plateau state (Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau Specialist Hospital and school of Midwifery; Vom), Abuja (University of Abuja Medical College Campus) and Nasarawa state (Bingham University). Data was collected, tabulated and classified into mild, moderate and high risks. (males, N = 71 with an age range of 19 - 45 years; females, N = 83 with an age range of 19 - 44 years). Results: Assessment criteria male/female low risk 42 (59.2%)/10 (12.0%), moderate risk 23 (32.4%)/29 (34.9%) and high risk 6 (08.5%)/44 (53.0%). Conclusions: Hygiene is a crucial factor in predisposition to UTI. Women are at higher risk of acquiring urinary tract infections. Sickle cell may be a predisposing factor to pyelonephritis.
Successful Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Unresponsive to Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy
Authors: Choi Jeongmin
Published: November 2020

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is the first-line treatment for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas; however, lesions may persist in 20% of patients after initial treatment, thereby necessitating the use of an additional therapeutic approach. Other treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endoscopic resection, rituximab therapy, or watchful waiting. We present a case of localized gastric MALT lymphoma that did not respond to H. pylori eradication therapy. The patient waited for 12 months but the tumor showed no signs of regression endoscopically. Histologic examination revealed residual MALT lymphoma. The tumor was then successfully treated using endoscopic submucosal dissection and the patient remained disease-free for 4 years. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a gastric MALT lymphoma was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. In conclusion, endoscopic resection may be recommended as second-line therapy for properly selected patients with gastric MALT lymphoma as it is effective and minimally invasive.
Discovering the Magic of Magic Squares
Authors: Semanišinová Ingrid , Trenkler Marián
Published: November 2020

A collection of problems that allow students to investigate magic squares and Latin squares, formulate their own conjectures about these mathematical objects, look for arguments supporting or disproving their conjectures, and finally establish and prove mathematical assertions. Each problem is completed with commentary and/or experience from the classroom.
Using Technology to Optimize and Generalize: The Least-Squares Line
Authors: Burke Maurice J. , Hodgson Ted R.
Published: November 2020

With the help of technology and a basic high school algebra method for finding the vertex of a quadratic polynomial, students can develop and prove the formula for least-squares lines. Students are exposed to the power of a computer algebra system to generalize processes they understand and to see deeper patterns in those processes.
The Inverse Name Game
Authors: Benson Christine C. , Buerman Margaret
Published: November 2020

The importance of emphasizing the concept of inverse. It addresses the different names we use for inverses and suggests ways to help students see the big picture. The author ties together the use of inverses in functions, arithmetic operations, reciprocal relationships, and makes a case for instruction of the inverse as a coherent whole.
Critical Juncture Ahead! Proceed with Caution to Introduce the Concept of Function
Authors: Ponce Gregorio A.
Published: November 2020

Algebra teachers find themselves overwhelmed by the sheer volume of information that they have to teach their students. One way to address this issue is to have teachers teach for understanding by focusing on concepts. The author shares how language can help uncover the core ideas that define the concept of function and provides activities that have been successfully used with students to introduce the core ideas and illustrate the usefulness of a function outside the classroom. Teaching functions is the vehicle for this process.
It's a Home Run! Using Mathematical Discourse to Support the Learning of Statistics
Authors: Himmelberger Kathleen S. , Schwartz Daniel L.
Published: November 2020

The Standards developed by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000) state that instructional programs should enable all students to communicate mathematical ideas. The Standards indicate that good communication includes the ability to express organized and precise ideas as well as the ability to analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking of others. Learning mathematics goes beyond procedural fluency; it also includes learning to discuss mathematical ideas. For this purpose, small groups have become a frequent configuration in the mathematics classroom. When combined with a suitable exercise, small-group discussions can have positive effects on mathematical understanding.
Mathematics Discourse: It's Like Hearing a Foreign Language
Authors: Kotsopoulos Donna
Published: November 2020

Jacob's lament is all too familiar to teachers of mathematics. Too frequently I have heard students comment that hearing the language used in mathematics is “like hearing a foreign language.” This perception is an important consideration for mathematics educators in understanding the ways in which students experience learning difficulties.
Delving Deeper: Converging on the Centroid
Authors: Freedman Marvin I.
Published: November 2020

Marvin Freedman, a longtime faculty member in the mathematics department at Boston University and a dear friend to all who knew him, was hit by a car in February 2007 and died two months later from complications resulting from the accident
Delving Deeper: A New Path to the Quadratic Formula
Authors: Picciotto Henri
Published: November 2020

Many students enter ninth grade already familiar with the quadratic formula. Many others learn it in ninth grade. Some can even sing it! Unfortunately, the formula has little meaning for most students. For many, the traditional derivation of the formula by completing the square (fig. 1), if it is shown to them, is more baffling than illuminating. As a teacher, I value student understanding, and early on in my career as an algebra teacher, I found this state of affairs disturbing. My first response was to have students complete the square repeatedly, using numbers at first and then the parameters, in the hope that this process would lead to understanding. Alas, over time I realized that for many if not most of my students, additional symbol manipulation did not throw additional light on the subject. I needed to come at this lack of understanding some other way.
Developing Knowledge of Teaching Mathematics through Cooperation and Inquiry
Authors: Fernández Maria Lorelei
Published: November 2020

Lesson study is a process of professional development highly valued among Japanese teachers (Stigler and Hiebert 1999; Fernandez and Chokshi 2002). In recent years, teachers of mathematics in the United States and other countries have begun to incorporate this process within their own teaching communities; in 2002, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics published a video guide to Japanese lesson study (Curcio 2002). Lesson study is composed of four phases, each of which brings teachers and other experts together in a process of inquiry into teaching. These phases include collaborative planning, lesson observation by colleagues and other experts, analytic reflection, and ongoing revision. Typically, each lesson may go through these phases multiple times. Each time, a different member of the lesson study group teaches the lesson while the other members observe, collecting data for analysis of and reflection on the lesson.
Technology Tips: Using Fathom to Solve the High Dive Problem
Authors: Mathews Susann M. , Reed Michelle K.
Published: November 2020

In mathematics, using computer software and graphing calculators helps students explore ideas and solve problems that were previously inaccessible. In this article, we demonstrate how to use the software Fathom Dynamic Data Version 2 (Key Curriculum Press 2006) to solve such a problem. This software can help students break a large problem into solvable pieces while maintaining the connections among pieces through its dynamic linking of multiple representations. Further, we show how to assign names and units for each variable so that each is a more concrete attribute. Because these names and units are then used by Fathom when creating the equations to solve the problem, students can more readily see how each subproblem is connected to the others and to the main problem itself.
Severe Acute Malnutrition and Feeding Practice of Children Aged 6-59 Months in Pastoral Community, Afar, Ethiopia: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Kase Bizunesh Fantahun , Manchilo Adebabay Dessie , Lombebo Bereket Lopiso , Tollosa Begna Melkamu
Published: November 2020

Background: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Knowing the local burden of SAM has huge importance for public health interventions. Therefore this study aimed to assess the level of severe acute malnutrition and feeding practice of children aged 6–59 months in Abaa’la district, Afar, Northeast, Ethiopia.
Methods: Community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 mother-child pairs of children aged 6–59 months. Kebeles were selected randomly after stratifying the district in to urban and rural, and study participants were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and child nutritional status was measured using WHO Mid upper arm circumference measuring tape. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. The result was presented using Descriptive statistics.
Results: The prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was found to be 4.3% (95% CI, 2.3-6.1%) and that of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) was 21.1 %. Almost all (98.8%) of children were ever breastfed. Prelacteal feeding and bottle feeding was practiced by 31% and 33.9% of children, respectively. Only 68.5% of children were feed colostrum. Around 45.5% of children were exclusively breastfed for the first six months, and 70.4% of children wean breastfeeding before the age of two years.
Conclusion: The prevalence of severe acute malnutrition in the study area was lower than the regional figures, but still, it is a public health priority. There are improper child care and feeding practices. Therefore, public health interventions that can improve those practices should be strengthened.
Medium-Term Outcomes of Chevron Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Correction in a Spanish Population: Radiologic and Clinical Parameters and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Coheña-Jiménez Manuel , Chicharro-Luna Esther , Del-Castillo José Algaba , Chacón-Giráldez Fernando , Paéz-Tudela Amanda , Montaño-Jiménez Pedro
Published: November 2020

Background

Chevron osteotomy for mild and moderate hallux valgus obtains good effects. It is suitable for a variety of cases, allowing for a significant degree of correction. This study aimed to investigate chevron osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus in the medium-term by podiatric surgeons. It considers clinical and radiologic findings and patient perspectives and level of satisfaction.

Methods

Forty-five patients (50 feet) were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up. Mean patient age was 59.43 years (range, 32–80 years). The protocols include medical record review, clinical examination, and radiologic assessment. Anteroposterior weightbearing radiographs were analyzed preoperatively and at final follow-up. Clinical effects were analyzed with visual analog scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores.

Results

Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated. Mean ± SD hallux valgus angle decreased at final follow-up (25.30° ± 7.21° versus 17.25° ± 10.32°; P = .041). There was no significant reduction in mean ± SD intermetatarsal angle at final follow-up (13.13° ± 3.03° versus 7.65° ± 3.47°; P = .078). Final AOFAS score was 82.08 ± 17.66. This study showed the relevance of magnet therapy, nail surgery, and other procedures. No patient was dissatisfied with the aesthetic scarring.

Conclusions

The radiologic results at final follow-up were not compatible with relapse of the deformity. The definitive clinical results and the degree of patient satisfaction achieved with this technique were favorable from the patients' point of view.
Conservation of peripheral nervous system formation mechanisms in divergent ascidian embryos
Authors: Coulcher Joshua F , Roure Agnès , Chowdhury Rafath , Robert Méryl , Lescat Laury , Bouin Aurélie , Carvajal Cadavid Juliana , Nishida Hiroki , Darras Sébastien
Published: November 2020

Ascidians with very similar embryos but highly divergent genomes are thought to have undergone extensive developmental system drift. We compared, in four species (CionaandPhallusiafor Phlebobranchia,MolgulaandHalocynthiafor Stolidobranchia), gene expression and gene regulation for a network of six transcription factors regulating peripheral nervous system (PNS) formation inCiona. All genes, but one inMolgula, were expressed in the PNS with some differences correlating with phylogenetic distance. Cross-species transgenesis indicated strong levels of conservation, except inMolgula, in gene regulation despite lack of sequence conservation of the enhancers. Developmental system drift in ascidians is thus higher for gene regulation than for gene expression and is impacted not only by phylogenetic distance, but also in a clade-specific manner and unevenly within a network. Finally, considering thatMolgulais divergent in our analyses, this suggests deep conservation of developmental mechanisms in ascidians after 390 My of separate evolution.
Structure of the human core transcription-export complex reveals a hub for multivalent interactions
Authors: Pühringer Thomas , Hohmann Ulrich , Fin Laura , Pacheco-Fiallos Belén , Schellhaas Ulla , Brennecke Julius , Plaschka Clemens
Published: November 2020

The export of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm requires the conserved and essential transcription and export (TREX) complex (THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF). TREX selectively binds mRNA maturation marks and licenses mRNA for nuclear export by loading the export factor NXF1–NXT1. How TREX integrates these marks and achieves high selectivity for mature mRNA is poorly understood. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human THO–UAP56/DDX39B complex at 3.3 Å resolution. The seven-subunit THO–UAP56/DDX39B complex multimerizes into a 28-subunit tetrameric assembly, suggesting that selective recognition of mature mRNA is facilitated by the simultaneous sensing of multiple, spatially distant mRNA regions and maturation marks. Two UAP56/DDX39B RNA helicases are juxtaposed at each end of the tetramer, which would allow one bivalent ALYREF protein to bridge adjacent helicases and regulate the TREX–mRNA interaction. Our structural and biochemical results suggest a conserved model for TREX complex function that depends on multivalent interactions between proteins and mRNA.
Clinico-mycological Evaluation of Dermatophytes in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Saurashtra, Gujarat, India
Authors: Makwana Gopee E , Mathur Manish
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Dermatophytes and opportunistic fungi are common skin infection mainly affecting superficial layers of integument with rare systemic involvement. The higher prevalence in India is supposedly due to the hot and humid climatic condition, occupation and low socio-economic status. Recent upsurge in fungal infections are due to increased incidence of immunosuppressive state. Aim: To study the clinical manifestation and mycological evaluation of dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted during December 2007 to October 2009 in MP Shah Medical College and GG Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Samples were taken from 200 patients with clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis. Depending on the site of lesion, samples from skin, hair or nail were taken. These samples were than examined directly under microscope and cultured on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Cornmeal Agar (CMA). Descriptive statistics like mean and percentages were used to infer results. Results: Out of 200 patients, 177 (88.5%) samples were positive by Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) mount while 127 (63.5%) samples were positive by culture. Most common species of dermatophytes identified was Trichophyton rubrum followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Agricultural workers were found to be more prone to dermatophytic infection and males (61%) were more commonly affected than females (39%). Conclusion: Dermatophytosis is a common superficial mycotic infection in Saurashtra region where hot and humid climate, poor socio-economic condition and compromised personal hygiene play an important role in fungal growth. In the present study, tinea corporis was found to be the most common clinical type with T. rubrum being the commonest isolated species.
Труды Физико-технологического института. T. 28: Квантовые компьютеры, микро- и наноэлектроника : физика, технология, диагностика и моделирование
Authors: Коллектив авторов
Published: November 2020

Том 28 Трудов ФТИАН посвящен актуальным проблемам технологии микро- и наноэлектроники. Сборник включает в себя статьи, в которых представлены последние результаты сотрудников института по физике и моделированию процессов функционирования и технологии изготовления перспективных элементов современной микро- и наноэлектроники. Рассмотренные проблемы относятся, в частности, к разработке физических и математических моделей для эффективного исследования прочностной надежности многослойной наноэлектронной металлизации при больших плотностях тока, приводящих к сильной ионной электромиграции, анализа особенностей процессов, протекающих в нанотранзисторных структурах, а также возможностей совершенствования и оптимизации технологических процессов формирования наноструктурных элементов, в том числе и перспективных для создания полномасштабных твердотельных квантовых компьютеров. Для специалистов в области микро- и наноэлектроники, аспирантов и студентов старших курсов соответствующих специальностей. The next volume 28 of Proceedings of Valiev IPT of RAS (FTIAN) is devoted to urgent problems of micro- and nanoelectronics technology. The topics covered include the articles which present the last results ot the institute scientists on physics and modeling of the processes of operation and fabrication technology of element base for up-to-date or promising micro- and nanoelectronics are presented. In particular, the problems considered refer to development of physical and mathematical models necessary for effective research of the strength reliability of manylayer nanoelectronic interconnections at high current densities leading to the strong ion electromigration, for analyzing the peculiarities of the processes taking place in nanotransistor structures, as well as possibilities for development and optimization of the technological processes of fabrication of nanostructural elements, including ones that are promising for creation of a fullscale solid-state quantum computer. For specialists in the field of micro- and nanoelectronics and undergraduate and postgraduate students of the appropriate disciplines.
B’laan Population Structure and School Indicators: Basis for School Planning
Authors: Bello Amelie T. , Bardos Susan E.
Published: November 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the B’laan population structure and school indicators of Matanao II District as basis for school planning.

Study Design: Descriptive survey design.

Place and Duration of Study: Matanao, Davao del Sur during the School Year 2017-2018.

Methodology: The respondents of the study were the fifty (50) Grade Six B’laan pupils, twenty-one and (21) school administrators of Matanao II District. Universal sampling method using the complete enumeration technique was utilized where respondents of the survey were school administrators and barangay personnel. However, cluster sampling was used in selecting the Grade Six pupils among elementary schools in Matanao District.Three sets of survey instruments were used to gather the relevant information. Data gathered were treated using the frequency and relative frequency.

Results: Majority of the Grade Six B’laan pupils were in the age of 12 years old and above, female, and believers of Christ to the Orient. Most of them did not have siblings studying in college. Their parents were in the elementary level, earning a monthly income of ₱1,001.00 to ₱3,000.00, and had 1 to 6 children. The common household appliances they had were television set, cellular phone, radio, electric fan, DVD player and motorcycle. The mode of transportation from home to school was mostly through walking. Majority of them did not spend any amount for their transportation, food and daily allowance. As to the profile and structure of the elementary schools, most schools in Matanao II District had a total land area of 2.0 to 2.9 hectares occupied by 4 to 6 buildings having 5 to 8 classrooms. Schools offered complete elementary education with 5 to 8 teachers handling the classes of 100 to 200 B’laan pupils. The number of B’laan pupils graduated from the schools per year was within the range of 10 to 60 pupils. Moreover, the National Achievement Test results showed that schools had an average MPS of 81-85. From the map generated, the researcher found that the average population density of B’laan were 2.07 with barangay Manga, Lagaan and Bangkal as that the top 3 barangays having the largest density of B’laan population.
Gender-Related Differences and Mortality Predictors among Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients: A Multi-Center Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Megahed Abir Farouk , Abdelhady Mona Mohammed Tawfik , Kannishy Ghada El , Ahmed Nagy Sayed-
Published: November 2020

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an important cause of global morbidity and mortality affecting both sexes. Both genders may present with different symptoms and signs, respond differently to therapy and may exhibit different degrees of tolerance towards their disease. In Egypt, hemodialysis (HD) constitutes the most common modality of renal replacement therapy and the number of hemodialysis patients is increasing. The objective of the present study was to investigate gender-related differences in clinical and biochemical characteristics in HD patients. Mortality events in both genders were also recorded and predictors of mortality in the included HD population were explored.

Methods: This multicenter study adopted essentially a cross-sectional design and included 2158 patients (1241 males and 917 females) undergoing HD in 25 hemodialysis units in six governorates in Egypt. The study started at June 2016 till May 2017. Data were extracted from the patients' records. One year mortality events in the included HD patients were prospectively observed and recorded.

Results: Males on HD had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) values and were less efficiently dialyzed. Their blood pressure measurements were significantly higher. In addition, males had significantly higher serum albumin with a significantly lower serum potassium level. The overall mortality rate was 6.9% (149 deaths) during the one year follow up period with a significant male predominance (7.9% in males vs. 5.6% in females p=0.03). The mortality rate was highest within the first 14 months after starting hemodialysis therapy. Mortality was statistically significantly higher in patients with diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), anemia with low hemoglobin, and low serum albumin. The mortality risk is nearly duplicated in HD patients with IHD, while low serum albumin was associated with about 3 times an increase in mortality risk in the studied HD patients. 

Conclusion: Gender differences in clinical and laboratory characteristics and mortality do exist in Egyptian HD patients and should be considered when management guidelines are developed to suit the gender-related variations.
Ni‐based Plasmonic/Magnetic Nanostructures as Efficient Light Absorbers for Steam Generation
Authors: Yang Fan , Chen Jinxing , Ye Zuyang , Ding Dawei , Myung Nosang Vincent , Yin Yadong
Published: November 2020

Solar steam generation technologies have gained increasing attention due to their great potential for clean water generation with low energy consumption. The rational design of a light absorber that can maximize solar energy utilization is therefore of great importance. Here, the synthesis of Ni@C@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles as promising light absorbers for steam generation by taking advantage of the plasmonic excitation of Ni nanoparticles, the broadband absorption of carbon, and the protective function and hydrophilic property of silica is reported. The nanoparticle‐based evaporator shows an excellent photothermal efficiency of 91.2%, with an evaporation rate of 1.67 kg m−2 h−1. The performance can be further enhanced by incorporating the nanoparticles into a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel to make a composite film. In addition, utilizing the magnetic property of the core–shell particles allows the creation of surface texture in the film by applying an external magnetic field, which helps increase surface roughness and further boost the evaporation rate to as high as 2.25 kg m−2 h−1.
Revealing the Origin of Highly Efficient Polysulfide Anchoring and Transformation on Anion‐Substituted Vanadium Nitride Host
Authors: Tan Shuangshuang , Dai Yuhang , Jiang Yalong , Wei Qiulong , Zhang Guobin , Xiong Fangyu , Zhu Xingqi , Hu Zhi‐Yi , Zhou Liang , Jin Yongcheng , Kanamura Kiyoshi , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: November 2020

Metal nitrides and quasi‐metallic compounds have been extensively employed as sulfur hosts for confining polysulfide shuttling and improving the electronic conductivity. Their electronic structures and surface chemical bonds significantly determine the adsorption and catalytic abilities for polysulfide. However, the surface compositions of the reported metal nitrides and their sulfur anchoring mechanisms are still controversial. Herein, the authors demonstrate the anion‐substituted mechanism from vanadium oxide, oxynitride to nitride during ammonia‐annealing process and systematically unravel the long‐range disorder rock‐salt structure of vanadium oxynitride with abundant vanadium (V) and nitrogen (N) vacancies by synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectra, atomic pair distribution function, and density functional theory calculation. The defect‐rich vanadium oxynitride that is previously considered as vanadium nitride possesses the enhanced electron delocalization of V, N, and oxygen (O) atoms. It strengthens the polar LiN/O and VS bonds, especially near V vacancy, resulting in a strong polar adsorption for polysulfide. Meanwhile, the vanadium oxynitride effectively catalyzes the breaking and conversion of polysulfide, improving the reduction kinetics during discharge process. The bifunctional effects render the excellent cycling and rate performances. This work deeply understands the sulfur redox mechanisms on vanadium oxynitride and nitride and promotes the developments of the quasi‐metallic compounds/sulfur cathodes in Lithium‐sulfur battery.
Tumor Targeted Delivery of an Anti‐Cancer Therapeutic: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Kang You Jung , Holley Claire K. , Abidian Mohammad Reza , Madhankumar Achuthamangalam B. , Connor James , Majd Sheereen
Published: November 2020

The limited effectiveness of current therapeutics against malignant brain gliomas has led to an urgent need for development of new formulations against these tumors. Chelator Dp44mT (di‐2‐pyridylketone‐4,4‐dimethyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone) presents a promising candidate to defeat gliomas due to its exceptional anti‐tumor activity and its unique ability to overcome multidrug resistance. The goal of this study is to develop a targeted nano‐carrier for Dp44mT delivery to glioma tumors and to assess its therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Dp44mT is loaded into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with glioma‐targeting ligand Interlukin 13 (IL13). IL13‐conjugation enhanced the NP uptake by glioma cells and also improved their transport across an in vitro blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) model. This targeted formulation showed an outstanding toxicity towards glioma cell lines and patient‐derived stem cells in vitro, with IC50 values less than 125 nM, and caused no significant death in healthy brain microvascular endothelial cells. In vivo, when tested on a xenograft mouse model, IL13‐conjugated Dp44mT‐NPs reduced the glioma tumor growth by ≈62% while their untargeted counterparts reduced the tumor growth by only ≈16%. Notably, this formulation does not cause any significant weight loss or kidney/liver toxicity in mice, demonstrating its great therapeutic potential.