bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors That Influence the Rating of Perceived Exertion After Endurance Training
Authors: Roos Lilian , Taube Wolfgang , Tuch Carolin , Frei Klaus Michael , Wyss Thomas
Published: March 2018

Purpose:Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is an often-used measure to assess athletes’ training load (TL). However, little is known about which factors could optimize the quality of data collection thereof. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the survey methods and the time points when sRPE was assessed on the correlation between subjective (sRPE) and objective (heart-rate training impulse; TRIMP) assessment of TL.Methods:In the first part of the study, 45 well-trained subjects (30 men and 15 women) performed 20 running sessions with a heart-rate monitor and reported sRPE 30 min after training cessation. For the reporting, the subjects were grouped into 3 groups (paper–pencil, online questionnaire, and mobile device). In the second part of the study, another 40 athletes (28 men and 12 women) performed 4 × 5 running sessions with the 4 time points to report the sRPE randomly assigned (directly after training cessation, 30 min postexercise, in the evening of the same day, and the next morning directly after waking up).Results:The assessment of sRPE is influenced by time point, survey method, TRIMP, sex, and training type. It is recommended to assess sRPE values via a mobile device or online tool, as the paper survey method displayed lower correlations between sRPE and TRIMP.Conclusions:Subjective TL measures are highly individual. When compared with the same relative intensity, lower sRPE values were reported by women for the training types representing slow runs and for time points with greater duration between training cessation and sRPE assessment. The assessment method for sRPE should be kept constant for each athlete, and comparisons between athletes or sexes are not recommended.
Nigeria hit by unprecedented Lassa fever outbreak
Authors: Roberts Leslie
Published: March 2018

As efforts to contain it mount, researchers are racing to find out what is driving this year's surge in cases and deaths.
Technology Feature | In vitro veritas: Biosensors and micro-arrays come to life
Authors: Dove Alan
Published: March 2018

Advances in biosensors and microfluidic devices are driving a quiet revolution in biomedical research, which could lead to the reduction or elimination of animal use in many experiments.
Lysosome activation clears aggregates and enhances quiescent neural stem cell activation during aging
Authors: Leeman Dena S. , Hebestreit Katja , Ruetz Tyson , Webb Ashley E. , McKay Andrew , Pollina Elizabeth A. , Dulken Ben W. , Zhao Xiaoai , Yeo Robin W. , Ho Theodore T. , Mahmoudi Salah , Devarajan Keerthana , Passegué Emmanuelle , Rando Thomas A. , Frydman Judith , Brunet Anne
Published: March 2018

Lysosomes keep neuronal stem cells young

An important consequence of aging is loss of regenerative capacity in stem cells, particularly those of the nervous system. Leemanet al.isolated quiescent and activated stem cells from mice and compared their transcriptomes. The findings emphasize the role of large lysosomes in quiescent neuronal stem cells in which aggregated proteins accumulate. Treatments that stimulated lysosomal function allowed aged quiescent stem cells to clear protein aggregates and restored the cells' ability to be activated. Such restoration of stem cell function might alleviate compromised proteostasis in aging.

Science, this issue p.1277
Random copolymers that protect proteins
Authors: Alexander-Katz Alfredo , Van Lehn Reid C.
Published: March 2018

Synthetic polymers are designed to stabilize proteins in polar and nonpolar solvents
Circadian organization of the genome
Authors: Mallet de Lima Carolina Diettrich , Göndör Anita
Published: March 2018

The clock protein Rev-erbα regulates genome folding to establish circadian gene repression
Natural Transformation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a Rapid Method To Create Genetic Deletions
Authors: Chimalapati Suneeta , de Souza Santos Marcela , Servage Kelly , De Nisco Nicole J. , Dalia Ankur B. , Orth Kim
Published: March 2018

Spreading of vibrios throughout the world correlates with increased global temperatures. As they spread, they find new niches in which to survive, proliferate, and invade. Therefore, genetic manipulation of vibrios is of the utmost importance for studying these species. Here, we have delineated and validated a rapid method to create genetic deletions inVibrio parahaemolyticus. This study provides insightful methodology for studies with otherVibriospecies.
Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis Utilizes a Four-Step Pathway for NAD
+
Salvage through Nicotinamide Deamination
Authors: Hachisuka Shin-ichi , Sato Takaaki , Atomi Haruyuki
Published: March 2018

Many organisms possess pathways that regenerate NAD
+
from its degradation products, and two pathways are known to salvage NAD
+
from nicotinamide (Nm). One is a four-step pathway that proceeds through deamination of Nm to nicotinic acid (Na) by Nm deamidase and phosphoribosylation to nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN), followed by adenylylation and amidation. Another is a two-step pathway that does not involve deamination and directly proceeds with the phosphoribosylation of Nm to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), followed by adenylylation. Judging from genome sequence data, the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
is supposed to utilize the four-step pathway, but the fact that the adenylyltransferase encoded by TK0067 recognizes both NMN and NaMN also raises the possibility of a two-step salvage mechanism. Here, we examined the substrate specificity of the recombinant TK1676 protein, annotated as nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase. The TK1676 protein displayed significant activity toward Na and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and only trace activity with Nm and PRPP. We further performed genetic analyses on TK0218 (quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase) and TK1650 (Nm deamidase), involved in
de novo
biosynthesis and four-step salvage of NAD
+
, respectively. The ΔTK0218 mutant cells displayed growth defects in a minimal synthetic medium, but growth was fully restored with the addition of Na or Nm. The ΔTK0218 ΔTK1650 mutant cells did not display growth in the minimal medium, and growth was restored with the addition of Na but not Nm. The enzymatic and genetic analyses strongly suggest that NAD
+
salvage in
T. kodakarensis
requires deamination of Nm and proceeds through the four-step pathway.

IMPORTANCE
Hyperthermophiles must constantly deal with increased degradation rates of their biomolecules due to their high growth temperatures. Here, we identified the pathway that regenerates NAD
+
from nicotinamide (Nm) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
. The organism utilizes a four-step pathway that initially hydrolyzes the amide bond of Nm to generate nicotinic acid (Na), followed by phosphoribosylation, adenylylation, and amidation. Although the two-step pathway, consisting of only phosphoribosylation of Nm and adenylylation, seems to be more efficient, Nm mononucleotide in the two-step pathway is much more thermolabile than Na mononucleotide, the corresponding intermediate in the four-step pathway. Although NAD
+
itself is thermolabile, this may represent an example of a metabolism that has evolved to avoid the use of thermolabile intermediates.
Association of low birth weight with myopic refractive error and lower visual acuity in adulthood: results from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)
Authors: Fieß Achim , Schuster Alexander Karl-Georg , Nickels Stefan , Elflein Heike M , Schulz Andreas , Beutel Manfred E , Blettner Maria , Pfeiffer Norbert
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Low birth weight (BW) is linked to impaired organ development in childhood, including altered ocular morphological and functional development. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether low BW has long-term effects on visual acuity and refraction in adulthood.

Methods

The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based, observational cohort study in Germany, including 15 010 participants aged between 35 and 74 years. These participants were divided into three different BW groups (low: <2500 g; normal: between 2500 and 4000 g; and high: >4000 g). Best-corrected visual acuity and objective refraction were examined. We used multivariable linear regression models with adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status and self-reported glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal disease and cataract to assess associations between BW and the main outcome measures, best-corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and astigmatism.

Results

Overall, 8369 participants reported their BW. In a multivariable analysis, an association for low BW with spherical equivalent (B=−0.28 per dioptre, P=0.005) and best-corrected visual acuity (B=0.02 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P=0.006) compared with normal BW was observed. For participants with high BW, an association was observed with spherical equivalent (B=0.29 per dioptre, P<0.001), while none with visual acuity.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that low BW is linked to visual acuity and refractive long-term outcomes long after childhood. Individuals with low BW are more likely to have lower visual acuity and a higher myopic refractive error in adulthood. Adults with high BW are more likely to have a more hyperopic refractive error.
Effect of vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome subunit vaccine on sow reproductive performance in endemic farms
Authors: Jeong Jiwoon , Kim Seeun , Park Changhoon , Kang Ikjae , Park Kee Hwan , Ham Hee Jin , Chae Chanhee
Published: March 2018

The objective of this field study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of sows after vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) subunit vaccine (PRRSFREE PRRS subunit vaccine, Reber Genetics, Taiwan, Republic of China) under field conditions. The study was performed in three farms with endemic infections with both PRRS virus (PRRSV)‐1 and PRRSV‐2, a situation representative of most Korean farms. Pregnant sows were immunised intramuscularly with 2.0 ml of the PRRS subunit vaccine at 58 and 79 days of gestation (eight and five weeks antepartum) according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Vaccination did not result in any observed adverse reaction. Vaccinated sows exhibited a significant improvement in reproductive performance (reduction of abortions) and litter characteristics (increase of weaned pigs) compared with unvaccinated sows. Vaccinated sows had significantly (P<0.05) higher PRRSV ELISA sample/positive ratio and number of PRRSV‐specific interferon‐γ‐secreting cells compared with the unvaccinated control group. The results of this study demonstrate that the PRRS subunit vaccine can improve the reproductive performance of sows in farms with endemic PRRSV infection.
Translating to the Community (T2C): a protocol paper describing the development of Canada’s first social epigenetic FASD biobank
Authors: Elias Brenda , Hanlon-Dearman Ana , Head Betty , Hicks Geoffrey G.
Published: March 2018

Translating to the Community (T2C) is a social biorepository designed to advance new diagnostic tools and realign community–clinical processes, with the aim to mitigate the short- and long-term impacts of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) as well as prenatal alcohol exposure and its co-morbidities and behaviors. In this paper, we describe the evolution of this repository as a new translational partnership to advance a precision-medicine approach to FASD. Key to its evolution was a partnership between academic researchers, Indigenous communities, families, and a regional diagnostic clinic. We further describe the rationale for social biobanking, the type of banking, ethical engagement of families, communities, and clinics, their roles in repository design, governance, translation, and research activities, types of data collected from families, and how the study data are managed, reported, and accessed. The repository design includes biological samples, social-contextual health-survey data, and clinical data (which are linkable to administrative data) from community and clinical cohorts of diagnosed children, children prenatally exposed but not diagnosed, children suspected to have had a prenatal exposure, and related siblings, biological parents, and unrelated children and their parents. From these cohorts and families, potential studies drawing on this data will shed light on various risk factors, social and biological pathways, and service utilization issues, with the aim to implement primary and secondary prevention and intervention strategies.
How does stocking density affect enhancement success for hatchery-reared red king crab?
Authors: Long William Christopher , Cummiskey Peter A. , Munk J. Eric
Published: March 2018

Stock enhancement of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815)) could increase the crab population near Kodiak, Alaska, which collapsed in the 1980s and has not recovered. We conducted a field experiment examining the effect of juvenile red king crab density on enhancement success. Hatchery-reared crabs were released in plots near Kodiak at three densities: 25, 50, and 75 m−2. Crab densities were monitored for 6 months after release. Predation risk was measured via tethering experiments and predator density via quadrat and transect surveys. Neither migration nor mortality changed with crab density, but mortality rates decreased over time. Crab density did not affect predator density or predation risk, although predation risk decreased with time. Excluding the high initial mortality rate of 67.5%, the predicted survival after 6 months was 34%, which is better than the survival observed in a wild population. This suggests that red king crab enhancement is not predation limited and can occur at high densities. Further, processes affecting juvenile red king crab may not be strongly density dependent, at least at the scales and habitats tested.
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from India, with lytic activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Bajpai Urmi , Mehta Abhishek Kumar , Eniyan Kandasamy , Sinha Avni , Ray Ankita , Virdi Simran , Ahmad Shazeb , Shah Aridni , Arora Deepanksha , Marwaha Devyani , Chauhan Gunjan , Saraswat Prarthna , Bathla Punita , Singh Ruchi
Published: March 2018

Bacteriophages are being considered as a promising natural resource for the development of alternative strategies against mycobacterial diseases, especially in the context of the wide-spread occurrence of drug resistance among the clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, there is not much information documented on mycobacteriophages from India. Here, we report the isolation of 17 mycobacteriophages using Mycobacterium smegmatis as the bacterial host, where 9 phages also lyse M. tuberculosis H37Rv. We present detailed analysis of one of these mycobacteriophages — PDRPv. Transmission electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction analysis (of a conserved region within the TMP gene) show PDRPv to belong to the Siphoviridae family and B1 subcluster, respectively. The genome (69 110 bp) of PDRPv is circularly permuted double-stranded DNA with ∼66% GC content and has 106 open reading frames (ORFs). On the basis of sequence similarity and conserved domains, we have assigned function to 28 ORFs and have broadly categorized them into 6 groups that are related to replication and genome maintenance, DNA packaging, virion release, structural proteins, lysogeny-related genes and endolysins. The present study reports the occurrence of novel antimycobacterial phages in India and highlights their potential to contribute to our understanding of these phages and their gene products as potential antimicrobial agents.
Cosmological solutions and finite time singularities in Finslerian geometry
Authors: Paul Nupur , De S. S. , Rahaman Farook
Published: March 2018

We consider a very general scenario of our universe where its geometry is characterized by the Finslerian structure on the underlying spacetime manifold, a generalization of the Riemannian geometry. Now considering a general energy–momentum tensor for matter sector, we derive the gravitational field equations in such spacetime. Further, to depict the cosmological dynamics in such spacetime proposing an interesting equation of state identified by a sole parameter [Formula: see text] which for isotropic limit is simply the barotropic equation of state [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] being the barotropic index), we solve the background dynamics. The dynamics offers several possibilities depending on this sole parameter as follows: (i) only an exponential expansion, or (ii) a finite time past singularity (big bang) with late accelerating phase, or (iii) a nonsingular universe exhibiting an accelerating scenario at late time which finally predicts a big rip type singularity. We also discuss several energy conditions and the possibility of cosmic bounce. Finally, we establish the first law of thermodynamics in such spacetime.
Higgs exotic decays in general NMSSM with self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Zhang Mengchao , Zhao Jun
Published: March 2018

Under current LHC and dark matter constraints, the general NMSSM can have self-interacting dark matter to explain the cosmological small structure. In this scenario, the dark matter is the light singlino-like neutralino [Formula: see text] which self-interacts through exchanging the light singlet-like scalars [Formula: see text]. These light scalars and neutralinos inevitably interact with the 125 GeV SM-like Higgs boson [Formula: see text], which cause the Higgs exotic decays [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. We first demonstrate the parameter space required by the explanation of the cosmological small structure and then display the Higgs exotic decays. We find that in such a parameter space the Higgs exotic decays can have branching ratios of a few percent, which should be accessible in the future [Formula: see text] colliders.
Double elementary Goldstone Higgs boson production in future linear colliders
Authors: Guo Yu-Chen , Yue Chong-Xing , Liu Zhi-Cheng
Published: March 2018

The Elementary Goldstone Higgs (EGH) model is a perturbative extension of the Standard Model (SM), which identifies the EGH boson as the observed Higgs boson. In this paper, we study pair production of the EGH boson in future linear electron positron colliders. The cross-sections in the TeV region can be changed to about −27%, 163% and −34% for the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] processes with respect to the SM predictions, respectively. According to the expected measurement precisions, such correction effects might be observed in future linear colliders. In addition, we compare the cross-sections of double SM-like Higgs boson production with the predictions in other new physics models.
Interpretation of f(R,T) gravity in terms of a conserved effective fluid
Authors: Shabani Hamid , Ziaie Amir Hadi
Published: March 2018

In the present work, we introduce a novel approach to study [Formula: see text] gravity theory from a different perspective. Here, [Formula: see text] denotes the trace of energy–momentum tensor ( EMT ) of matter fluids. The usual method (as discussed in the literature) is to choose an [Formula: see text] function and then solve for the resulted Friedman equations. Nevertheless, our aim here is, without loss of generality, to reformulate a particular class of [Formula: see text] gravity models in which the Einstein–Hilbert action is promoted by an arbitrary function of the trace of EMT . The strategy is the redefinition of the equation of motion in terms of the components of an effective fluid. We show that in this case the EMT is automatically conserved. As we shall see, adopting such a point of view (at least) in [Formula: see text] gravity is accompanied by two significant points. On one hand, [Formula: see text] function is chosen based upon a physical concept and on the other, we clearly understand the overall or effective behavior of matter in terms of a conserved effective fluid. To illustrate the idea, we study some models in which different physical properties for the effective fluid is attributed to each model. Particularly, we discuss models with constant effective density, constant effective pressure and constant effective equation of state ( EoS ) parameter. Moreover, two models with a relation between the effective density and the effective pressure will be considered. An elegant result is that in [Formula: see text] gravity, there is a possibility that a perfect fluid could effectively behave as a modified Chaplygin gas with four free parameters.
Kerr–Newman black holes cannot be over-charged or over-spun
Authors: Wald Robert M.
Published: March 2018

I describe research done in collaboration with J. Sorce showing that one cannot over-charge and/or over-spin an initially slightly nonextremal Kerr–Newman black hole via the type of gedanken experiments proposed by Hubeny and others, assuming that the nonelectromagnetic stress-energy tensor of the matter entering the black hole satisfies the null energy condition. Analysis of such gedanken experiments requires that we calculate all effects on the final mass of the black hole that are second-order in the charge and the angular momentum carried into the black hole. We do so using Lagrangian methods, and our formula for the second-order correction to mass, [Formula: see text], is obtained by generalizing the canonical energy analysis of Hollands and Wald to the Einstein–Maxwell case. Our formula for [Formula: see text] automatically includes all self-force and finite size effects.
Noncommutative Blackwell–Ross martingale inequality
Authors: Talebi Ali , Moslehian Mohammad Sal , Sadeghi Ghadir
Published: March 2018

We establish a noncommutative Blackwell–Ross inequality for supermartingales under a suitable condition which generalizes Khan’s work to the noncommutative setting. We then employ it to deduce an Azuma-type inequality.
An Efficient Nondissipative Higher-Order Single-Step Integration Method for Long-Term Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Xing Yufeng , Zhang Huimin
Published: March 2018

For long-term simulation of dynamic problems, it is desirable for the integration method to capture higher-order accuracy, while maintaining zero numerical damping. To this end, this paper proposes an efficient four-parameter single-step method (FPSM), which only adds two vector operations per step compared with the Newmark method. For linear analysis, these four parameters can be uniquely determined and the generated optimal scheme possesses several desirable attributes, such as nondissipation for undamped systems, fourth-order accuracy and an enough stability interval. Compared with existing nondissipative methods, such as the central difference method and the trapezoidal rule, the present method is recommended for general use due to its high accuracy and efficiency. Finally, several numerical examples are prepared to validate these superiorities of the proposed method.
Lateral Vibration of a Micro Overhung Rotor-Disk Subjected to an Axial Load Based on the Modified Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Rahi Abbas
Published: March 2018

This paper focuses on the size dependency of lateral vibration of a micro overhung rotor-disk system subjected to an axial load based on the modified strain gradient theory. The governing equations of motions as well as the boundary conditions are derived from Hamilton’s principle. The assumed modes approach is employed to transform the governing partial differential equations into a set of infinite ordinary differential equations. The first two natural frequencies and associated instability rotational speeds of the system are analytically determined. The effects of variation in the parameters, such as the rotational speed, material length scale parameters, axial load and rotor length, on the natural frequencies and instability speeds are discussed and presented. The results obtained reveal that each of the material length scale parameters has a significant impact on the vibration response characteristics of the system.
Modeling and Path-Following Control of a Wheelchair in Human-Shared Environments
Authors: Herrera Daniel , Roberti Flavio , Carelli Ricardo , Andaluz Victor , Varela José , Ortiz Jessica , Canseco Paúl
Published: March 2018

This work presents the kinematic and dynamic modeling of a human–wheelchair system which considers that its center of mass is not located in the middle of the wheel’s axle. Furthermore, a novel motion controller is presented for a human–wheelchair system, which is capable of performing positioning and path-following tasks in human-shared environments. This controller design is based on two cascaded subsystems: a kinematic controller, and a dynamic controller that compensates the dynamics of the human–wheelchair system. Additionally, an algorithm based on fuzzy-logic is proposed and incorporated in the aforementioned path-following control for pedestrian collision avoidance. This methodology considers to quantify heuristics social rules to make a balance between modulating velocity or direction during the avoidance. Three different interference cases, commonly found during walking events, are tested in a structured scenario. The experimental results demonstrate that the system is capable of overcoming many usual interference situations with human obstacles. A good performance of the path-following control is also verified.
A Vectorized Regularization Method for Multivalued Parameters Identification
Authors: Ellabib Abdellatif , Ouakrim Youssef
Published: March 2018

The identification of multivalued parameters is formulated as a constraint minimization problem called primal problem. We embed it in a family of perturbed problems and we associate a dual problem with it using the conjugate functions. Basing on the primal-dual relationship, under some qualification conditions on the parameters to be identified we elaborate the well posedeness, convergence and stability of the solution assuming. Numerical simulations are described in the end for the identification of discontinuous dispersion tensor in transport equations.
Guest Column
Authors: Kayal Neeraj
Published: March 2018

How many operations are needed to compute a given polynomial f(x1; x2; : : : ; xn)? Answering questions of this form naturally leads us on a search for clever algorithmic techniques to reduce the number of operations required. Simultaneously, it also leads us towards the complementary task of finding techniques and paradigms for proving lower bounds on the minimum number of operations required. In this survey we describe one such paradigm for obtaining lower bounds.
Atlantic-Pacific Asymmetry in Deep Water Formation
Authors: Ferreira David , Cessi Paola , Coxall Helen K. , de Boer Agatha , Dijkstra Henk A. , Drijfhout Sybren S. , Eldevik Tor , Harnik Nili , McManus Jerry F. , Marshall David P. , Nilsson Johan , Roquet Fabien , Schneider Tapio , Wills Robert C.
Published: March 2018

While the Atlantic Ocean is ventilated by high-latitude deep water formation and exhibits a pole-to-pole overturning circulation, the Pacific Ocean does not. This asymmetric global overturning pattern has persisted for the past 2–3 million years, with evidence for different ventilation modes in the deeper past. In the current climate, the Atlantic-Pacific asymmetry occurs because the Atlantic is more saline, enabling deep convection. To what extent the salinity contrast between the two basins is dominated by atmospheric processes (larger net evaporation over the Atlantic) or oceanic processes (salinity transport into the Atlantic) remains an outstanding question. Numerical simulations have provided support for both mechanisms; observations of the present climate support a strong role for atmospheric processes as well as some modulation by oceanic processes. A major avenue for future work is the quantification of the various processes at play to identify which mechanisms are primary in different climate states.
Transcriptome response of human skeletal muscle to divergent exercise stimuli
Authors: Dickinson Jared M. , D’Lugos Andrew C. , Naymik Marcus A. , Siniard Ashley L. , Wolfe Amanda J. , Curtis Donald R. , Huentelman Matthew J. , Carroll Chad C.
Published: March 2018

Aerobic (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) elicit unique adaptations in skeletal muscle that have distinct implications for health and performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the unique transcriptome response of skeletal muscle to acute AE and RE. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, six healthy, recreationally active young men (27 ± 3 yr) completed acute AE (40 min of cycling, ∼70% maximal HR) and RE [8 sets, 10 reps, ∼65% 1-repetition maximum (1RM)], separated by ∼1 wk. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained before and at 1 and 4 h postexercise. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (HiSeq2500; Illumina) was performed on cDNA synthesized from skeletal muscle RNA. Sequencing data were analyzed using HTSeq, and differential gene expression was identified using DESeq2 [adjusted P value (FDR) <0.05, >1.5-fold change from preexercise]. RE resulted in a greater number of differentially expressed genes at 1 (67 vs. 48) and 4 h (523 vs. 221) compared with AE. We identified 348 genes that were differentially expressed only following RE, whereas 48 genes were differentially expressed only following AE. Gene clustering indicated that AE targeted functions related to zinc interaction, angiogenesis, and ubiquitination, whereas RE targeted functions related to transcription regulation, cytokine activity, cell adhesion, kinase activity, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. ESRRG and TNFSRF12A were identified as potential targets related to the specific response of skeletal muscle to AE and RE, respectively. These data describe the early postexercise transcriptome response of skeletal muscle to acute AE and RE and further highlight that different forms of exercise stimulate unique molecular activity in skeletal muscle.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing was used to determine the early postexercise transcriptome response of skeletal muscle to acute aerobic (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) in untrained individuals. Although a number of shared genes were stimulated following both AE and RE, several genes were uniquely responsive to each exercise mode. These findings support the need for future research focused to better identify the role of exercise mode as it relates to targeting specific cellular skeletal muscle abnormalities.
Exercise and weight loss effects on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men
Authors: Rosenkilde Mads , Rygaard Lisbeth , Nordby Pernille , Nielsen Lars Bo , Stallknecht Bente
Published: March 2018

Both exercise training and weight loss reduce cardiovascular risk, but the independent importance of the two strategies is unclear. We aimed to investigate independent and combined effects of exercise training and weight loss on lipoproteins and dyslipidemia in overweight sedentary men. Sixty individuals were randomized to 12 wk of endurance training (T), energy-reduced diet (D), training and energy increased diet (T-iD), or control (C). Equal energetic deficits (−600 kcal/day) were prescribed by exercise for T and caloric restriction for D. T-iD completed similar exercise but remained in energy balance due to the dietary replacement of calories expended during exercise. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo)B and A1, pre-β-HDL, and susceptibility of LDL-C to oxidation were measured. Body weight was reduced similarly between T (−5.9 ± 0.7 kg) and D (−5.2 ± 0.8 kg), whereas T-iD (−1.0 ± 0.5 kg) and C (0.1 ± 0.6 kg) remained weight stable. Plasma TC, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B were reduced in T compared with C ( P < 0.001 for both), but this was not observed for D ( P > 0.17). Changes in TC and LDL-C were associated with changes in body weight and body fat ( P < 0.01). In T-iD, increases in HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 were observed ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, an exercise-induced decline in body weight reduces proatherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins, whereas exercise compensated by energy intake increases the key component of reverse cholesterol transport, i.e., apoA1-containing HDL-C.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise has additive effects in lowering plasma lipoprotein particles to diet-induced weight loss in individuals with increased cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we investigated whether training per se would have beneficial cardiovascular effects. We found that 3 mo of exercise-induced weight loss reduced proatherogenic lipoproteins, whereas endurance training without weight loss improved factors involved in reverse cholesterol transport in a group of overweight sedentary men.
Phenotypic Progression of Stargardt Disease in a Large Consanguineous Tunisian Family Harboring New ABCA4 Mutations
Authors: Falfoul Yousra , Habibi Imen , Turki Ahmed , Chebil Ahmed , Hassairi Asma , Schorderet Daniel F. , El Matri Leila
Published: March 2018

To assess the progression of Stargardt (STGD) disease over nine years in two branches of a large consanguineous Tunisian family. Initially, different phenotypes were observed with clinical intra- and interfamilial variations. At presentation, four different retinal phenotypes were observed. In phenotype 1, bull’s eye maculopathy and slight alteration of photopic responses in full-field electroretinography were observed in the youngest child. In phenotype 2, macular atrophy and yellow white were observed in two brothers. In phenotype 3, diffuse macular, peripapillary, and peripheral RPE atrophy and hyperfluorescent dots were observed in two sisters. In phenotype 4, Stargardt disease-fundus flavimaculatus phenotype was observed in two cousins with later age of onset. After a progression of 9 years, all seven patients displayed the same phenotype 3 with advanced stage STGD and diffuse atrophy. WES and MLPA identified two ABCA4 mutations M1: c.[(?_4635)_(5714+?)dup; (?_6148)_(6479_+?) del] and M2: c.[2041C>T], p.[R681∗]. In one branch, the three affected patients had M1/M1 causal mutations and in the other branch the two affected patients had M1/M2 causal mutations. After 9-year follow-up, all patients showed the same phenotypic evolution, confirming the progressive nature of the disease. Genetic variations in the two branches made no difference to similar end-stage disease.
Using Pretreatment of Carbon Monoxide Combined with Chlorine Dioxide and Lactic Acid to Maintain Quality of Vacuum-Packaged Fresh Beef
Authors: Lyu Fei , Zhao Yuliang , Shen Kejing , Zhou Xuxia , Zhang Jianyou , Ding Yuting
Published: March 2018

Due to microbial growth, beef easily gets corrupt in retail conditions, and the color and quality of the meat will be deteriorated. Therefore, hurdle technology, namely, pretreatment of carbon monoxide (CO), chlorine dioxide, and lactic acid, is used for vacuum-packaged beef to decontaminate beef and increase its quality stability. Beef was pretreated with 100% CO (C1), 100% CO and 50 mg/L chlorine dioxide (C2), and 100% CO and 50 mg/L chlorine dioxide and 30 g/L lactic acid (C3). The untreated samples were used as control (CK). During storage, thea⁎color parameters of C1, C2, and C3 were significantly higher than that of CK, indicating CO pretreatment is a good way to maintain color appearance of beef, and chlorine dioxide and lactic acid did not affect the color-protecting role of CO on beef. C3 showed the strongest antimicrobial activity with the lowest total viable counts, followed by C2, C1, and CK. Samples in C3 also showed the lowest total volatile basic nitrogen, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and metmyoglobin during the mid-late storage. Moreover, C3 can keep beef with higher unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, CO pretreatment combined with chlorine dioxide and lactic acid displayed efficient antimicrobial and color-stability activity for vacuum-packaged beef. It would be a potential way to use pretreatment of CO combined with chlorine dioxide and lactic acid to maintain the quality of vacuum-packaged beef.
Impact of Insurance Coverage on Outcomes in Primary Breast Sarcoma
Authors: Koenig Julie L. , Tsai C. Jillian , Sborov Katherine , Horst Kathleen C. , Pollom Erqi L.
Published: March 2018

Private insurance is associated with better outcomes in multiple common cancers. We hypothesized that insurance status would significantly impact outcomes in primary breast sarcoma (PBS) due to the additional challenges of diagnosing and coordinating specialized care for a rare cancer. Using the National Cancer Database, we identified adult females diagnosed with PBS between 2004 and 2013. The influence of insurance status on overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. Among a cohort of 607 patients, 67 (11.0%) had Medicaid, 217 (35.7%) had Medicare, and 323 (53.2%) had private insurance. Compared to privately insured patients, Medicaid patients were more likely to present with larger tumors and have their first surgical procedure further after diagnosis. Treatment was similar between patients with comparable disease stage. In multivariate analysis, Medicaid (hazard ratio (HR), 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62–3.77; p<0.001) and Medicare (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.10–2.57; p=0.017) were independently associated with worse OS. Medicaid insurance coverage negatively impacted survival compared to private insurance more in breast sarcoma than in breast carcinoma (interaction p<0.001). In conclusion, patients with Medicaid insurance present with later stage disease and have worse overall survival than privately insured patients with PBS. Worse outcomes for Medicaid patients are exacerbated in this rare cancer.
Natural Compound Methyl Protodioscin Suppresses Proliferation and Inhibits Glycolysis in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chen LianYu , Cheng Chien-shan , Gao HuiFeng , Zhan Ling , Wang FengJiao , Qu Chao , Li Ye , Wang Peng , Chen Hao , Meng ZhiQiang , Liu LuMing , Chen HaiFeng , Chen Zhen
Published: March 2018

Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is one of the main bioactive components in the plant of Dioscoreaceae. MPD has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activities. However, its role in pancreatic cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. In the present study, we demonstrated that MPD inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that MPD decreased oncogene c‐Myc in protein level and resulted in concomitant reduction in glycolysis. In vivo assays with xenograft mouse model further confirmed the in vitro observations, which indicated that MPD inhibited 18FDG uptake in tumors formed by subcutaneously injection of MIA PaCa‐2 cells. Collectively, our present study uncovered novel antitumor functions of MPD in pancreatic cancer and provided the possible molecular mechanism.
An Evaluation Method of the Photovoltaic Power Prediction Quality
Authors: Yang Mao , Huang Xin
Published: March 2018

Photovoltaic (PV) output power has regularity, volatility, and randomness. First of all, this paper carried on a metrological analysis to PV system data. Then, this paper analyzed the relationship between PV historical data, PV power forecasting model, and forecast error. By spectrum analysis of PV power, the PV power is decomposed into periodic components, low frequency residual components, and high frequency residual components. Making a specific analysis of these three components determines the minimum modeling error value, which reflects the unpredictable part of the PV power. Determining the minimum modeling error for PV forecasting not only objectively evaluates the quality of the PV forecasting model but also can determine the prediction accuracy standard according to different PV power generation targets. The examples given in this paper illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
Improvement of Learning and Memory Induced by Cordyceps Polypeptide Treatment and the Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Yuan Guangxin , An Liping , Sun Yunpeng , Xu Guangyu , Du Peige
Published: March 2018

Our previous research revealed that Cordyceps militaris can improve the learning and memory, and although the main active ingredient should be its polypeptide complexes, the underlying mechanism of its activity remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which Cordyceps militaris improves learning and memory in a mouse model. Mice were given scopolamine hydrobromide intraperitoneally to establish a mouse model of learning and memory impairment. The effects of Cordyceps polypeptide in this model were tested using the Morris water maze test; serum superoxide dismutase activity; serum malondialdehyde levels; activities of acetyl cholinesterase, Na+‐k+‐ATPase, and nitric oxide synthase; and gamma aminobutyric acid and glutamate contents in brain tissue. Moreover, differentially expressed genes and the related cellular signaling pathways were screened using an mRNA expression profile chip. The results showed that the genes Pik3r5, Il-1β, and Slc18a2 were involved in the effects of Cordyceps polypeptide on the nervous system of these mice. Our findings suggest that Cordyceps polypeptide may improve learning and memory in the scopolamine‐induced mouse model of learning and memory impairment by scavenging oxygen free radicals, preventing oxidative damage, and protecting the nervous system.
Epidemiología de la limitación crónica del flujo aéreo y del asma bronquial en Chile
Authors: Salinas Arriagada Manuel
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Tratamiento farmacológico de la obstrucción bronquial
Authors: Diaz Patiño Orlando
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Hiperreactividad bronquial
Authors: Moreno Bolton Rodrigo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Casos radiológicos
Authors: García Bruce Cristian , Salvador Gallegos Pilar
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Fundamentos y límite de la psicoterapia
Authors: Valdivieso Fernandez Sergio
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
La angustia de pánico y su tratamiento
Authors: Gloger Kojchen Sergio
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Investigación en costo-efectividad
Authors: Lisboa B, Carmen
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Criterios de clasificación de espondiloartropatías
Authors: Massardo Vega Loreto
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Compromiso ocular en atritis reactivas
Authors: Vega Sabaleta Rebeca
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Cardiología fetal
Authors: Hernandez Avalos Alfredo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Tratamiento no operatorio de los traumatismos de hígado
Authors: Espinoza Gonzalez Ricardo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Relación de ayuda y práctica médica
Authors: Bermejo Jose Carlos
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Obesidad, sus consecuencias y tratamientos
Authors: Rozowski Nankunska Jaime , Moreno Gonzalez Manuel
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Transfusion intravascular en el manejo de la enfermedad hemolítiva perinatal
Authors: Oyarzun Ebensperger Enrique
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Uso de clases expositivas en la docencia de medicina
Authors: Moreno Bolton Rodrigo , Velasco Fuentes Nicolás
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Neumotórax
Authors: Aparicio Ramirez Rodrigo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Problemas de atención del paciente anciano en la consulta ambulatoria
Authors: Marín Larraín Pedro Paulo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Modificaciones en la enseñanza de la enfermedades respiratorias
Authors: Moreno Bolton Rodrigo , Cruz Mena Edgardo , Lisboa Basualto Carmen , Pertuzé Rivera Julio
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Tromboembolismo pulmonar
Authors: Andresen Hernández Max
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Multivalent Binding and Biomimetic Cell Rolling Improves the Sensitivity and Specificity of Circulating Tumor Cell Capture
Authors: Myung Ja Hye , Eblan Michael J. , Caster Joseph M. , Park Sin-Jung , Poellmann Michael J. , Wang Kyle , Tam Kevin A. , Miller Seth M. , Shen Colette , Chen Ronald C. , Zhang Tian , Tepper Joel E. , Chera Bhishamjit S. , Wang Andrew Z. , Hong Seungpyo
Published: March 2018

Purpose: We aimed to examine the effects of multivalent binding and biomimetic cell rolling on the sensitivity and specificity of circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture. We also investigated the clinical significance of CTCs and their kinetic profiles in patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy treatment.

Experimental Design: Patients with histologically confirmed primary carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, were eligible for enrollment. Peripheral blood was collected prospectively at up to five time points, including before radiotherapy, at the first week, mid-point and final week of treatment, as well as 4 to 12 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. CTC capture was accomplished using a nanotechnology-based assay (CapioCyte) functionalized with aEpCAM, aHER-2, and aEGFR.

Results: CapioCyte was able to detect CTCs in all 24 cancer patients enrolled. Multivalent binding via poly(amidoamine) dendrimers further improved capture sensitivity. We also showed that cell rolling effect can improve CTC capture specificity (% of captured cells that are CK+/CD45−/DAPI+) up to 38%. Among the 18 patients with sequential CTC measurements, the median CTC decreased from 113 CTCs/mL before radiotherapy to 32 CTCs/mL at completion of radiotherapy (P = 0.001). CTCs declined throughout radiotherapy in patients with complete clinical and/or radiographic response, in contrast with an elevation in CTCs at mid or post-radiotherapy in the two patients with known pathologic residual disease.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that multivalent binding and cell rolling can improve the sensitivity and specificity of CTC capture compared with multivalent binding alone, allowing reliable monitoring of CTC changes during and after treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2539–47. ©2018 AACR.
Therapeutic Effect of Quinacrine, an Antiprotozoan Drug, by Selective Suppression of p-CHK1/2 in p53-Negative Malignant Cancers
Authors: Park Soyoung , Oh Ah-Young , Cho Jung-Hyun , Yoon Min-Ho , Woo Tae-Gyun , Kang So-mi , Lee Ho-Young , Jung Youn-Jin , Park Bum-Joon
Published: March 2018

Quinacrine (QNC), antiprotozoan drug commonly used against Malaria and Giardiasis, has been recently tried for rheumatics and prion diseases via drug repositioning. In addition, several reports suggest antitumor effects of QNC through suppression of NF-κB and activation of p53. This study demonstrates the anticancer effect of QNC via a novel pathway through the elimination of checkpoint kinase 1/2 (Chk1/2) under p53-inactivated conditions. Inhibition of p53 by PFT-α or siRNA promotes QNC-induced apoptosis in normal fibroblast and p53-intact cancer cells. Considering that Chk1/2 kinases exert an essential role in the control of cell cycle, inhibition of Chk1/2 by QNC may induce cell death via uncontrolled cell cycle progression. Indeed, QNC reduces Chk1/2 expression under p53-impaired cancer cells and induces cell death in the G2–M phase. QNC increases the binding between p-Chk1/2 and β-TrCP and promotes proteasome-dependent degradation. Moreover, QNC treatment displayed antitumor effects in a Villin-Cre;p53+/LSL-R172H intestinal cancer mouse model system as well as HCT116 p53−/− xenografts.

Implications: QNC has been used for the past over 70 years without obvious side effects, as such it is a plausible drug candidate for relapsed cancers, small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer as well as various p53-inactivated human malignancies. Mol Cancer Res; 16(6); 935–46. ©2018 AACR.