bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autologous Costal Cartilage Grafting for a Large Osteochondral Lesion of the Femoral Head
Authors: Zhang Chang-Qing , Du Da-Jiang , Hsu Pei-Chun , Song Yan-Yan , Gao Yun , Zhu Zhen-Zhong , Jia Wei-Tao , Gao You-Shui , Zheng Ming-Hao , Zhu Hong-Yi , Hsiang Fu-Chou , Chen Sheng-Bao , Jin Dong-Xu , Sheng Jia-Gen , Huang Yi-Gang , Feng Yong , Gao Jun-Jie , Li Guang-Yi , Yin Ji-Min , Yao Chen , Jiang Chen-Yi , Luo Peng-Bo , Tao Shi-Cong , Chen Chun , Zhu Jin-Yu , Yu Wei-Bin
Published: November 2022

Background:

There is currently no ideal treatment for osteochondral lesions of the femoral head (OLFH) in young patients.

Methods:

We performed a 1-year single-arm study and 2 additional years of follow-up of patients with a large (defined as >3 cm2) OLFH treated with insertion of autologous costal cartilage graft (ACCG) to restore femoral head congruity after lesion debridement. Twenty patients ≤40 years old who had substantial hip pain and/or dysfunction after nonoperative treatment were enrolled at a single center. The primary outcome was the change in Harris hip score (HHS) from baseline to 12 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), hip joint space width, subchondral integrity on computed tomography scanning, repair tissue status evaluated with the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score, and evaluation of cartilage biochemistry by delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 mapping.

Results:

All 20 enrolled patients (31.02 ± 7.19 years old, 8 female and 12 male) completed the initial study and the 2 years of additional follow-up. The HHS improved from 61.89 ± 6.47 at baseline to 89.23 ± 2.62 at 12 months and 94.79 ± 2.72 at 36 months. The EQ VAS increased by 17.00 ± 8.77 at 12 months and by 21.70 ± 7.99 at 36 months (p < 0.001 for both). Complete integration of the ACCG with the bone was observed by 12 months in all 20 patients. The median MOCART score was 85 (interquartile range [IQR], 75 to 95) at 12 months and 75 (IQR, 65 to 85) at the last follow-up (range, 24 to 38 months). The ACCG demonstrated magnetic resonance properties very similar to hyaline cartilage; the median ratio between the relaxation times of the ACCG and recipient cartilage was 0.95 (IQR, 0.90 to 0.99) at 12 months and 0.97 (IQR, 0.92 to 1.00) at the last follow-up.

Conclusions:

ACCG is a feasible method for improving hip function and quality of life for at least 3 years in young patients who were unsatisfied with nonoperative treatment of an OLFH. Promising long-term outcomes may be possible because of the good integration between the recipient femoral head and the implanted ACCG.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Análisis de costo y la mejora de la rentabilidad en la empresa industrial FAYCONAPI SRL, Comas, Lima, Perú
Authors:   , Aroni Prado Andrea Carolina , Camara Alor Vanessa Milusca , Valer Elescano Aldo Ruben , Pulido Mori Yancarlos
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo tiene la intención, explicar y exponer todos nuestros conocimientos obtenidos durante lo aprendido nuestros estudios regulares, para ello estamos realizando un estudio de análisis de costo y mejora de la rentabilidad de la empresa FAYCONAPI S.R.L, organización dedicada como actividad principal a la elaboración, comercialización de productos elaborados de metal, entre ellas piezas de aleaciones ferrosas. De acuerdo de lo expuesto y habiendo analizado todas las partes que confieren a este trabajo realizado, presentamos el detalle de como se ha encontrado la empresa: la empresa no tiene un sistema de costos relacionado a su actividad económica como; la deficiencia en la adquisición de materiales para la elaboración de las piezas en el área de producción, deficiencia en la contratación del personal de la empresa. Acorde haber analizado las partes resultantes que hemos encontrado planteamos lo siguiente: brindar productos y servicios de calidad, capacitar constantemente a nuestros colaboradores, optimizar los tiempos de entrega, cumplimiento de las normas, leyes u otros acuerdos suscritos que regulan nuestras actividades, disminución de costos, energía eléctrica por el consumo del GLP, promover un mejoramiento del SGC y procesos con finalidad de innovar en tecnología en la elaboración de productos de calidad. A todo ello obtener el buen rendimiento con resultados favorables en bien de la empresa.
Plan de negocios para la producción y comercialización de infusiones a base de hoja de bambú en Lima Metropolitana
Authors:   , Carreño Cardenas Pierre Felipe , Correa Suarez Rosseli Adelaida , Dieguez Raa Karla Alexandra , Nostades Mongrut Carla Giselle , Valqui Dominguez Ingrid Fiorella
Published: November 2022

Durante los últimos años, el uso del bambú se ha aplicado en más productos de uso diario gracias a su versatilidad, fuerza y, sobre todo, su sostenibilidad, ya que crece más rápido que cualquier otra madera en el mundo. Además, su hoja aporta muchos beneficios a la salud como incrementar las defensas a las personas con enfermedades bacterianas y microbianas, disminuir el cansancio y sed, controlar antojos, estimular la digestión y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas. Es por ello que se decidió crear “Infusión de Té Saludable SAC”, un emprendimiento que produce 3 infusiones a base de esta hoja: bambú, bambú con naranja y bambú con manzana y canela. De acuerdo a una encuesta realizada por DATUM, 6 de 10 personas se consideran saludables el 74% están dispuestos a mejorar su alimentación. Esto nos brinda una gran oportunidad para dirigir nuestro producto a estas personas, cuyas edades se encuentran entre 24 y 45 años, que vivan en distritos de Lima– NSE A y B (San Isidro, San Borja, Miraflores, Jesús María, Santiago de Surco, Lince) y buscan un estilo de vida saludable. Buscamos tener un crecimiento sostenido del 15% anual. La venta del producto se realizará a través de los más conocidos supermercados, bodegas, minimarkets y tiendas por conveniencia y contará con una página web para dar información sobre nuestros productos y atención al cliente.
Propuesta educativa de vinculación universitaria con pequeñas empresas: un caso de investigación-acción
Authors: Barrera-Ramírez Alejandra Amalia , Ramos-Rubio Patricia
Published: November 2022

La relación existente entre las universidades y el sector empresarial cobra cada día mayor relevancia, de modo que explorar la educación y la formación en las instituciones de educación superior supone el desafío de establecer si la enseñanza se orienta hacia la interpretación de la teoría mediante la experimentación, los métodos y el trabajo multidisciplinario en el contexto existente o, por el contrario, se enfoca hacia la memorización de la teoría y la realización de evaluaciones únicamente. En tal sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de una propuesta de intervención educativa de vinculación de estudiantes de educación superior con pequeñas empresas, por medio de la investigación-acción. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo y cualitativo de tipo experimental, transversal y descriptivo. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por pequeñas empresas de la frontera norte de México para las que estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez desarrollaron un plan de negocios. Los datos descriptivos fueron analizados mediante la herramienta estadística SPSS. Los resultados revelan que para los estudiantes el aprendizaje fue mayor con la práctica y en el caso de los empresarios se destaca que hubo cambios significativos en sus empresas, lo que permite establecer que plantear programas de vinculación ante las diversas necesidades de las empresas contribuye al desarrollo de los universitarios, de las instituciones de educación superior y de las empresas, coadyuvando a la generación de nuevo conocimiento y la adquisición de prácticas en escenarios reales para los estudiantes.
Incremental constraint projection algorithm for strongly pseudomonotone variational inequalities *
Authors: Ma Beibei , Wang Wanyu
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose a new incremental constraint projection method for strongly pseudomonotone variational inequalities with special structure , which the constraint set X is the intersection of a large number of closed convex sets. Our method only computes two halfspace projections rather than the projections of the full or single constraint set at each iteration. We prove that the sequence generated by our method converges almost surely to a solution of the variational inequalities without the strongly monotonicity or monotone plus assumption of the mapping. We also analyze the convergence rate of the iterative sequence. Numerical experiments are reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Achieving CD8+ T cell-dependent lethality by targeting cancer USP14 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Binkui , Yuan Yichuan , Niu Yi , Huang Zhenkun , Shi Yunxing , Lin Zhu , Zuo Dinglan , Zhong Chengrui , Li Kai , Yuan Yun-Fei , Guan Xin-Yuan
Published: November 2022

Background & aims: The application of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma has been hindered by resistance to therapeutics. Cancer cell-induced CD8+ T cell malfunction may account for the failure of tumor immunotherapies. The crucial regulators in HCC that mediate resistance to CD8+ T cell-based cancer immunotherapy are still obscure.
Methods: Three independent CRISPR genome-wide screening was constructed. HCC cell-CD8+T cell co-culture model and mouse HCC models were performed to explore the effect of cancer USP14 in vitro and in vivo. Metabolomics, glucose up-take analysis and immune co-precipitation were performed for mechanismstudy. scRNA-seq, HCC PDO and PDX models were used to validate the therapeutic potential of targeting cancer USP14.
Results: USP14 was identified as an essential driver of HCC cells tolerating to CD8+ T cells. Cancer USP14 was upregulated and positively correlated with resistance to anti-PD1 therapy and poor prognoses in HCC patients. Inhibition of cancer USP14 reduced the growth of HCC cell with CD8+ T cell co-culturing and enhanced the function of co-cultured CD8+ T cells. Targeting cancer USP14 inhibited HCC tumor growth and boosted anti-PD1-induced tumor immunity in vivo. USP14 highly-expressed HCC cells were avidly consumed and outcompeted CD8+ T cells for glucose by stabilizing GLUT1, resulting in CD8+ T cells starving and malfunction. These HCC cells also lead to acidification in the TME, causing CD8+ T cell dysfunction. The PDO and PDX models confirmed the above results.
Conclusions:Our data defined a pro-immunoevasiverole for cancer USP14 in CD8+ T cell-based tumor immunity. Combining USP14 inhibition and PD1 blockade constitutes a potential therapy for HCC.
Lay summary: Cancer USP14 sever as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
What do we know about research on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in China and the United States? Insights from the systematic review
Authors: ren qiang , Wei Shan sen , Du Jian hui , wu peng
Published: November 2022

Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is an emerging technology with large-scale emission reduction potential and an essential component of the global response to climate change to achieve carbon neutrality goals. As the two most important countries in global climate governance, it is an exciting task to systematically review and examine the current status and trends of research in the field of CCUS in China and the United States. This paper used bibliometric tools to systematically sort out and analyze the peer-reviewed articles on the Web of Science in China and the United States during 2000–2022. It provides the first quantitative analysis of the current status and recent trends of CCUS technology in China and the United States regarding research institutions, major groups and core authors, highly cited papers, influential journals, disciplinary distribution, research hotspots, and topic clustering. The results show a significant increase in research interest in this topic among scholars from both countries. The number of publications in the CCUS field in China and the United States was 1196 and 1302, respectively, showing an increasing trend. China and the United States have become the most influential countries in the area of CCUS. And the United States has a more significant academic influence on a global scale. Based on the differences in the national conditions of the two countries, the research hotspots in the field of CCUS in China and the United States show the characteristics of diversification and differentiation. China and the United States pay attention to different research hotspots or have different focuses in different periods. This paper also finds that new capture materials and technology development, geological storage monitoring and early warning, CO2 utilization and new energy development, sustainable business models, incentive policies and measures, and public awareness are critical directions for future research in the field of CCUS. To provide a comprehensive review and comparison of CCUS technology development in China and the United States. It helps to gain insight into the research differences and linkages between the two countries in the field of CCUS and identify the research gaps between them. And place some consensus that policymakers can use.
Pan-cancer analysis identifies SEC11A as an immunological and prognostic biomarker
Authors: Wu qingqing , Liu chengdong , Huang guangzhao , Lu xinyan , Zhang yu , Li na , Lv xiaozhi , Shao tingru
Published: November 2022

Objective: Limited evidence suggests a vital role for SEC11A in carcinogenesis. Our study conducted an integrated analysis on the molecular features and clinical relevance of SEC11A across pan-cancer based on multi-omics data.
Materials and Methods: SEC11A expression was analyzed in 33 types of tumor and normal specimens utilizing transcriptome profiles from TCGA-GTEx project and protromic data from CPTAC project. Copy number alterations and methylation of SEC11A were investigated across pan-cancer with cBioPortal. Clinical relevance and prognostic implications of SEC11A were evaluated in TCGA cohorts. GSEA of SEC11A was conducted in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with clusterProfiler package. Correlation of SEC11A with immune cell infiltrations was estimated with EPIC, TIMER, xCELL, MCP-counter, quanTIseq, CIBERSORT, and ImmuCellAI algorithms. IC50 values of anti-cancer agents were curated from GDSC project and their correlations to SEC11A were calculated.
Results: We found the expression of SEC11A was upregulated in most of cancer types (24/33), while was downregulated in 3 types of cancers. Genetic amplification in SEC11A was widespread across pan-cancer. There were negative correlations of SEC11A RNA expression with methylation level. The upregulation of SEC11A indicated unfavorable prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma and HNSCC. Moreover, SEC11A was closely involved in cell cycle, TP53 regulation and antigen processing. SEC11A was positively associated with tumor-associated macrophage and fibroblast but negatively associated with CD8+ T cell. The expression of SEC11A was positively correlated to drug resistance to anticancer drugs.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that SEC11A could act as a prognostic biomarker across pan-cancer. Upregulation of SEC11A was in relation to tumor immunosuppressive status. Collectively, our results offered a valuable resource that might guide mechanistic and therapeutic analysis of SEC11A across cancers.
Identification and characterization of two salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Krøyer, 1838) heme peroxidases and their potential as vaccine antigens
Authors: Gislefoss Elisabeth , Gamil Amr Ahmed Abdelrahim , Øvergård Aina-Cathrine , Evensen Øystein
Published: November 2022

Salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, represents a major challenge for salmon farming as current treatments impose welfare issues and are costly, and no prophylactic measures are available. Two salmon louse heme peroxidases (LsPxtl-1 and LsPxtl-2) were tested for their importance in parasite development in vitro and as potential vaccine candidates. LsPxtl-1 possesses two heme peroxidase domains and is expressed in ovaries and gut. LsPxtl-1 knockdown in nauplius II stage resulted in poor swimming performance and parasite death when reaching the copepodid stage, indicating LsPxtl-1 being indispensable for parasite development. LsPxtl-2 encodes one peroxidase domain and was predicted to contain an N-terminal signal peptide and an Eph receptor ligand binding domain. LsPxtl-2 knockdown did not impact survival or phenotype. Immunization with DNA plasmids encoding the peroxidases by single or combined injections, gave non-significant reduction in lice numbers post challenge which correlated with low specific antibody levels post vaccination. Combined injections of both plasmids followed by an LsPxtl-2 protein boost induced higher antibody response with reduced lice numbers post challenge but not significantly different from controls. The findings suggest LsPxtl-1 to play a role for parasite development, current formulations and vaccination modalities did not give significant reduction in lice infestation.
Shift current photovoltaic efficiency of 2D materials
Authors: Pedersen Thomas , Sauer Mikkel , Taghizadeh Alireza , Holguin Urko , Ovesen Martin , Thygesen Kristian , Olsen Thomas , Cornean Horia
Published: November 2022

Shift current photovoltaic devices are potential candidates for future cheap, sustainable, and
efficient electricity generation. In the present work, we calculate the solar-generated shift current
and efficiencies in 326 different 2D materials obtained from the computational database C2DB. We
apply, as metrics, the efficiencies of monolayer and multilayer samples. The monolayer efficiencies
are generally found to be low, while the multilayer efficiencies of infinite stacks show great promise.
Furthermore, the out-of-plane shift current response is considered, and material candidates for
efficient out-of-plane shift current devices are identified. Among the screened materials, MXY
Janus and MX2 transition metal dichalchogenides (TMDs) constitute a prominent subset, with
chromium based MXY Janus TMDs holding particular promise. Finally, in order to explain the
band gap dependence of the PV efficiency, a simple gapped graphene model with a variable band
gap is established and related to the calculated efficiencies.
HIV specific Th1 responses are altered in Ugandans with schistosoma mansoni coinfection
Authors: Obuku Andrew Ekii , Lugemwa Jacqueline Kyosimiire , Abaasa Andrew , Joloba Moses , Ding Song , Pollara Justin , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Ferrari Guido , Harari Alexandre , Kaleebu Pontiano
Published: November 2022

Fishing communities surrounding Lake Victoria in Uganda have HIV prevalence of 28% and incidence rates of 5 per 100 person years. More than 50% of the local fishermen are infected with Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni). We investigated the role of S. mansoni coinfection as a possible modifier of immune responses against HIV. Using polychromatic flow cytometry and Gran-ToxiLux assays, HIV specific responses, T cell phenotypes, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) potency and titres were compared between participants with HIV-S. mansoni coinfection and participants with HIV infection alone. S. mansoni coinfection was associated with a modified pattern of anti-HIV responses, including lower frequency of bifunctional (IFNγ + IL-2 − TNF-α+) CD4 T cells, higher overall CD4 T cell activation and lower HIV ADCC antibody titres, compared to participants with HIV alone. These results support the hypothesis that S. mansoni infection affects T cell and antibody responses to HIV in coinfected individuals.
Constructing a Knowledge Graph from OpenStatistical Data: The Case of Nova ScotiaDisease Datasets
Authors: Rajabi Enayat , Midha Rishi , de Souza Jairo Francisco
Published: November 2022

The majority of available datasets in open government dataare statistical. They are widely published by various governments to beused by the public and data consumers. However, most open data por-tals do not provide the five-star Linked Data standard datasets. Thepublished datasets are isolated from one another while conceptually con-nected. Through this paper, a knowledge graph is constructed for thedisease-related datasets of a Canadian government data portal, NovaScotia Open Data. We leverage the Semantic Web technologies to trans-form the disease-related datasets into the Resource Description Frame-work (RDF) standard and enrich them with semantic rules. An RDFdata model using the RDF Cube vocabulary is designed in this work todevelop the graph that adheres to best practices and standards, allowingfor expansion, modification and flexible re-use 3. The study also discussesthe lessons learned during the cross-dimensional knowledge graph con-struction and integrating open statistical datasets from multiple sources.
Specific Codons Control Cellular Resources and Fitness
Authors: Love Aaron , Nair Nikhil
Published: November 2022

There is a degeneracy in codons – but they are not equivalent. While there is an understanding that codon use is unequal in native genes, there is less knowledge of how this usage bias modulates the supply and demand of protein translation resources. Here we investigate how the partitioning of microbial translational resources, specifically through allocation of tRNA by incorporating dissimilar codon usage bias, can drastically alter expression of proteins and reduce the burden on the host resources. By isolating individual codons experimentally, we find heterologous gene expression can trans-regulate fitness of the host and other heterologous genes. Interestingly, specific codons drive profitable or catastrophic phenotypic outcomes. We correlate codon usage patterns with genetic fitness and empirically derive a novel coding scheme for multi-gene expression called Codon Harmony Index (CHI, χ). CHI enables the design of harmonious multi-gene expression systems while avoiding catastrophic cellular burden.
TMJ degenerative joint disease: Relationships between CBCT findings, clinical symptoms, and signs
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Lei Jie , Zhang Xiao-Han , Fu Kai-Yuan
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The relationships between CBCT findings, Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, and signs were investigated in patients with TMJ degenerative joint disease (DJD).
Materials and Methods: Adult patients with DC/TMD-defined intra-articular conditions were enrolled and subjected to CBCT assessment. The participants were organized into three groups, namely no (NT), early (ET), and late (LT) TMJ DJD based on radiographic findings. TMD symptoms/signs were appraised using the DC/TMD Symptom Questionnaire and examination protocol respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square/non-parametric tests and Kappa statistics (α = 0.05).
Results: The mean age of the participants (n = 877) was 30.60 ± 11.50 years (86.6% women). NT, ET, and LT were observed in 39.7%, 17.0%, and 43.3% of the study sample. Significant differences in the prevalence of TMD symptoms (TMD pain, TMJ sounds, opening, and closing difficulty) and signs (TMD/TMJ pain, TMJ clicking/crepitus, and opening limitation) were discerned among the three groups. TMD/TMJ pain and opening difficulty/limitation were more prevalent in early rather than late degenerative changes. While moderate agreements between symptoms and signs were observed for TMD pain/opening limitation, the concurrence for TMJ sounds was fair.
Conclusions: Patients with TMJ sounds and pain should be routinely examined with CBCT to establish the extent/progress of osseous changes.
Clinical Relevance:
Patients with TMJ sounds and TMD pain, particularly TMJ crepitus and pain, should be routinely examined with CBCT so that early and accurate TMJ DJD diagnoses can be made. This will facilitate timely therapeutic interventions to minimize further TMJ deterioration and encourage TMJ repair/regeneration.
Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Gingival Fibroblast cells
Authors: Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Motafeghi Farzaneh Sadat , Lotfizadeh Anahita , Ghorbani Mohammad , Kohsar Azam Haddadi
Published: November 2022

Background: root canal obturation is performed by gutta-percha cones and sealer. Therefore, these materials specially sealers, must be biocompatible. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and mineralization activity of two calcium silicate-based sealers (Endoseal MTA and Ceraseal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26).
Methods: in this experiment, the toxicity of Endoseal MTA, Ceraseal, and AH26 on human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium assay at time intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours. The mineralization activity of sealers was evaluated by Alizarin Red Staining assay. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: cytotoxicity of sealers decreased gradually (P<0.0001). AH26 showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P<0.001). in terms of cytotoxicity, no considerable differences were observed between the two calcium silicate-based sealers. AH26 showed the lowest mineralization activity (P<0.0001). among the calcium silicate-based sealers, mineralization and formation of calcium nodules were more frequently observed in the Endoseal MTA group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: the examined calcium silicate-based sealers had less cytotoxicity and higher mineralization activity than the resin-based sealer (AH26). There was negligible difference between the cytotoxicity of the two calcium silicate-based, but the cell mineralization caused by endoseal MTA was higher.
The Integrity of Source Code Commenting : Benchmark Dataset and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Islam Maksuda , Hossen Mohammad Safayat , Haque Ahsanul , Haque Md. Nazmul , Lota Lutfun Nahar
Published: November 2022

Code comments are a vital software feature for program cognition &software maintainability. For a long time, researchers have been tryingto find ways to ensure the consistency of code-comment. While doingthat, two of the raised problems have been dataset scarcity and languagedependency. To address both problems in this paper, we worked on adataset creation made using C# projects; there are no annotated datasetsyet on C#. 9,310 code-comment pairs of different C# projects wereextracted from a data pool. 4,922 code-comment pairs were annotatedafter removing NULL, constructor, and variable. Both method-commentand class-comment were considered in this study. We employed twoevaluation metrics for the dataset, one is Krippendorff’s Alpha whichshowed 95.67% similarity among the rating of 3 annotators for all thepairs & other is Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) to validateour human-curated dataset. A modified model from a previous study isalso proposed, which obtained 96.2% using the performance metric AUC-ROC after fitting the model to our annotated 4,922 code-comment pairs.
Characterization of drying bioaerosols with four size distribution measurement instruments in the context of airborne transmission
Authors: Lefebvre Xavier , Succar Antonella , Bédard Emilie , Prévost Michèle , Robert Etienne
Published: November 2022

Measuring aerosol size distributions with precision is important to understand the transmission of infectious diseases causing pneumonia-like illnesses, including Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19. Accurate size measurement can help guide the identification of risk mitigation strategies, a challenging task as the size of pathogen carrying particles can change due to evaporation. Using oil and water-based particles, we compare four measurement instruments that provide aerosol size distributions relying on different measurement principles; phase doppler anemometry, light scattering, electrical mobility and aerodynamic impaction. The size distributions obtained from the different measurement instruments are consistent for oil-based particles but differ significantly for particles experiencing evaporation. Experiments were conducted to quantify the differences in measurement caused by evaporation as well as the measurement losses. The size range covered by the four instruments is from 0.025 to 10 µm. Finally, an approach based on the complete drying of a salt solution is presented to obtain the size distribution at the source of the aerosol generation. Understanding of the infectious dose and the pathogen concentration at the source, the most dangerous size ranges of the aerosols can thus be determined, and actions can be taken to reduce the propagation of these particles.
Characteristics of Hydrogen-Oxygen Isotopes and Water Vapor Sources of Different Waters in the Ili Kashi River Basin
Authors: Abudouwaili Zilalai , Yang Yuhui , Feng Xiancheng
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope characteristics of different water bodies, from the perspectives of elevation, season, and interannual variation, using water samples of atmospheric precipitation, river water, groundwater, and ice–snow meltwater obtained in the Ili Kashi River Basin from July 2018 to June 2021. The water vapor source of atmospheric precipitation in the Ili Kashi River Basin was tracked and analyzed using meteorological data and the HYSPLIT model. The results derived were as follows. (1) Hydrogen– oxygen isotope changes in the Ili-Kashi River Basin were broadly characterized by continuous enrichment from low to high elevations in summer to a maximum value, followed by gradual depletion, whereas the changes of δ 18 O and δD were reversed in autumn. (2) The river water values of δD and δ 18 O fluctuated between −107.15‰ and −68.13‰ and between −18.53‰ and −9.66‰, respectively, during the study period. (3) The variation of δ 18 O and δD in precipitation was consistent, showing characteristics of summer enrichment and winter dilution. and the precipitation line equation is δD = 7.30δ 18 O + 9.29. (4) In autumn and winter, groundwater δD and δ 18 O values fluctuated between −99.87‰ and −84.95‰ and between −15.5‰ and −10.38‰, respectively; during spring and summer, the δD and δ 18 O values varied from −99.27‰ to −87.07‰ and from −15.15‰ to −12.0‰, respectively. The hydrogen–oxygen stable isotope value of ice–snow meltwater in autumn was higher than that in summer. (5) Analysis using the HYSPLIT tracking model of precipitation in the study area revealed that marine water vapor can be driven directly to the study area from the Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea under the influence of the westerly circulation and the Arctic air mass. Among those sources, the Atlantic and Arctic oceans were found dominant, accounting for 33% and 32% of the total transported marine water vapor, respectively.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Steel Circular Hollow Section Bridge Piers with Corroded Ends
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wen Jianian , Han Qiang , Wang Zhanfei , Sun Jubo
Published: November 2022

Steel circular hollow section (CHS) bridge piers have been widely used in the engineering practices. However, end corrosion is one of the most common damages to steel bridge piers, leading to degradation of seismic performance and changing of failure modes. This paper investigates the seismic performance of the corroded steel CHS bridge piers and proposes a method to predict its lateral ultimate strength under the transverse cyclic loads. Firstly, the multi-scale finite element (FE) models of the CHS steel bridge pier are developed considering both the local buckling and the end corrosion, which are calibrated against the previous test results. Subsequently, the effects of the characteristic parameters (i.e., the corrosion conditions and the column parameters) on the failure modes and the horizontal ultimate strengths of the corroded steel CHS bridge piers are investigated, and then the sensitivity of the parameters is quantified using the Sobol method. Finally, a method is presented for estimating the ultimate strength of the end corroded steel CHS bridge piers under the horizontal cyclic loads. Results show that the end corroded bridge piers exhibit more significant stress concentration when comparing with the uncorroded bridge piers. The buckling half-wavelength is influenced by corrosion parameters, and the buckling position changes. The ultimate strengths of end corroded bridge piers are reduced, which is more sensitive to the corrosion rate. The proposed theoretical method to predict the ultimate strengths of corroded steel CHS bridge piers is accurate enough with errors less than 10%.
Mannosylated-Serum Albumin Nanoparticle Imaging to Monitor Tumor-Associated Macrophages under Anti- PD1 Treatment
Authors: Gu Gyo Jeong , Chung Hyewon , Park Ji Yong , Yoo Ran ji , Im Hyung Jun , Choi Hongyoon , Lee Yun-Sang , Seok Seung Hyeok
Published: November 2022

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) block tumor growth by reinvigorating the immune system; however, determining their efficacy only by the changes in tumor size may prove inaccurate. As the immune cells including macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with the response to anti-PD1 therapy, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) imaging using nanoparticles can noninvasively provide the immune enrichment status of TME. Herein, the mannosylated-serum albumin (MSA) nanoparticle was labeled with radioactive isotope 68Ga to target the mannose receptors on macrophages for noninvasive monitoring of the TME according to anti-PD1 therapy.
Results
B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-PD1, and the response to anti-PD1 was determined by the tumor volume. According to the flow cytometry, the responders to anti-PD1 showed an increased proportion of TAMs, as well as lymphocytes, and the most enriched immune cell population in the TME was also TAMs. For noninvasive imaging of TAMs as a surrogate of immune cell augmentation in the TME via anti-PD1, we acquired [68Ga]Ga-MSA positron emission tomography. According to the imaging study, an increased number of TAMs in responders at the early phase of anti-PD1 treatment was observed in both B16F10 and MC38 tumor-bearing mice models.
Conclusion
As representative immune cells in the TME, non-invasive imaging of TAMs using MSA nanoparticles can reflect the immune cell enrichment status in the TME closely associated with the response to anti-PD1. As non-invasive imaging using MSA nanoparticles, this approach shows a potential to monitor and evaluate anti-tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Relative abundance and distribution of black-and-white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza guereza) and recommendations for its conservation in the northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Zewdu , Bekele Afework
Published: November 2022

Primates in the tropics are highly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation as they depend on the forest for survival. Thus, reliable population and distribution data are crucial to identifying priority sites for conservation and designing effective management plans in the deforested region. To date, the population size and distribution of black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza guereza) are unknown along the Ethiopian Highlands. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relative abundance of black-and-white colobus monkeys and their current distribution pattern in the Awi Zone of the northwestern Ethiopia. We conducted population survey of black-and-white colobus monkeys using line transects between Oct 2020 and Sep 2021 in 27 forest patches of the region. We surveyed 27 forest patches and found black-and-white colobus monkeys in all patches. Overall, we recorded 328 group sightings of black-and-white colobus monkeys in these forest patches ranging between 1859 and 2557 m asl. We counted a total mean of 2897 individuals ranging from 5–16 individuals per group (mean = 8.8, SD = 2.5) within the sampling transects. Overall, the sighting encounter frequency of this monkey was 5.5 groups/km, while the relative mean population abundance was 48.2 individuals/km. Our study offers the first baseline information for future absolute abundance and population density estimates of black-and-white colobus monkeys and the forest patches they inhabit. Thus, this region should be considered as key habitat for future black-and-white colobus monkeys and other conservation initiatives. Establishment protected areas (national parks), improved law enforcement, population trend monitoring, and engagement with adjacent local communities are imperative to secure the long-term survival and conservation of black-and-white colobus monkeys and their habitats in the region. In addition, conservation measures like educational awareness programs, modern beekeeping, and alternative biofuel use should be initiated to stop further deforestation.
High-resolution entry and exit surface dosimetry in a 1.5 T MR-linac
Authors: Patterson Elizabeth , Stokes Peter , Cutajar Dean , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Baines John , Metcalfe Peter , Powers Marcus
Published: November 2022

The magnetic field of a transverse MR-linac alters electron trajectories as the photon beam transits through materials, causing lower doses at flat entry surfaces and increased doses at flat beam-exiting surfaces. This study investigated the response of a MOSFET detector, known as the MOSkin™, for high-resolution surface and near-surface percentage depth dose measurements on an Elekta Unity. Simulations with Geant4 and the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS), and EBT-3 film measurements, were also performed for comparison. Measured MOSkin™ entry surface doses, relative to dmax, were (9.9 ± 0.2) %, (10.1 ± 0.3) %, (11.3 ± 0.6) %, (12.9 ± 1.0) %, and (13.4 ± 1.0) % for 1 × 1 cm2, 3 × 3 cm2, 5 × 5 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2, and 22 × 22 cm2 fields, respectively. Similarly at the beam exit MOSkin™ doses were (37.2 ± 4.9) %, (50.0 ± 2.9) %, (54.9 ± 2.0) %, (63.9 ± 1.6) %, and (62.4 ± 3.0) %. For the investigated fields, the maximum absolute dose differences for Geant4, TPS, and film at the beam entry, relative to MOSkin™ surface doses, were 1.0%, 16.4%, and 24.3%, respectively and at the beam exit, 5.0%, 3.1%, and 5.7%, respectively. The largest increase in exit dose, due to the electron return effect, was 18.0% for the 22 × 22 cm2 field size, using Geant4 calculations. The results presented in the study validate the suitability of the MOSkin™ detector for transverse MR-linac surface dosimetry.
Root ACC and rhizosphere ACC deaminase producing bacteria affects apple root architecture under soil compaction stress
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Xun Mi , Shi Junyuan , Chen Bing , Cheng Yujin , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Hongqiang
Published: November 2022

Purpose To explore the relationship among root architecture, 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) in roots and ethylene-modulating bacteria in rhizosphere and root endosphere under soil compaction stress, so as to provide theoretical reference for soil treatment.
Methods One-year-old potted apple (Malus domestica Borkh 'Red Fuji') trees as experiment materials, whose rootstocks were Malus hupehensis and Malus robusta respectively. After maintaining soil compaction stress for one year, we detected root architecture, root activity, root ethylene production, ACC content and the activity of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) in roots. Furthermore, we quantified the abundance of ethylene-modulating bacteria including the bacteria of ACC deaminase and ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) in rhizosphere and root endosphere, and analyzed their relationship with ethylene biosynthesis and root characteristics.
Results Soil compaction stress significantly changed root architecture, decreased root activity, enhanced ethylene production, increased ACC content and ACS activity in roots, regardless of whether the rootstock was M. hupehensis or M. robusta. The abundance of ethylene-modulating bacteria varied with rootstocks under compaction stress. Soil compaction stress decreased the abundance of ACC deaminase producing bacteria in M. robusta and increased that of efe in M. hupehensis both in rhizosphere and root endosphere. The changes of root characteristics were significantly correlated with ethylene production and ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria.
Conclusion The increase of ACC content in roots and the decrease of abundance of ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria jointly lead to the increase of ethylene release from roots, which lead to the change of root architecture under soil compaction stress.
Chemical Annotation Score – A novel distance metric with application in de novo design
Authors: Canault Baptiste , Pogány Peter , Pickett Stephen D.
Published: November 2022

The molecule generation process in de novo design can produce many hundreds of thousands of compounds from an input pool of one or more known compounds. Property filtering and other fast scoring methods can reduce this set in accordance with project goals. However, there may still be many tens of thousands of compounds to select from. The question we pose here is how to identify the most relevant compounds from a set for further analysis and selection. We define relevant as the compounds most suitable for exploring the SAR. Whilst similarity methods can be used to identify the most similar compounds to the input set we show that they are not well suited to this more general task. We introduce the Chemical Annotation Score as a novel method for calculating chemical distance. We show the superiority to fingerprint based similarity methods for identifying the most relevant set of compounds from a large pool for further exploration given an input query or queries.
Determinants of defaulter to full vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Siraro District, West Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Case-Control study
Authors: Guye Ararso Hordofa , Nigussie Tadesse , Tesema Mengistu , Shambi Dame Banti , Diriba Berhanu Senbeta , Dureso Negasa Shuma , Debela Sisay Motuma
Published: November 2022

Background
Vaccination is one of the most cost– effective global public health interventions to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality. Defaulter to full vaccination can put the children at greater risk of acquiring vaccine preventable disease outbreaks and the reason for not full vaccination is not well-explored and there are limited evidence about defaulters of full vaccination in Ethiopia.
Objectives
To identify determinants of defaulter to full vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Siraro District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
Methods
A Community-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among children aged 12–23 months from March 20 to April 30, 2022 with a total sample size of 444 (148 cases and 296 controls). Cases were children aged 12–23 months who had missed at least one dose of the routine vaccination and controls were children who had received all the recommended routine vaccination. Consecutive sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to select representative cases and controls respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of defaulter to full vaccination and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval at p value ≤ 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance of association.
Result
Of the assessed determinants of defaulter to full vaccination; inadequate knowledge of mothers/caretakers (AOR = 4.32, 95% CI:2.78–6.70), educational status of father unable to read and write (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI:1.29–10.39), time to reach health facility ≥ 30 minutes (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI:1.51–3.97), not told about the type of vaccine received (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI;1.27–4.45), no parents discussion on vaccination (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI:1.24–3.79), home delivery (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.39–4.25) and not participated in pregnant mother conference (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.35–4.49) were the identified determinants of defaulter to full vaccination.
Conclusion
Mothers knowledge, father’s education, place of delivery, time to reach health facility, health workers told type of vaccine received, participation in pregnant mother conference and parents discussion on vaccination were the determinants of defaulter to full vaccination status. Thus, the district health office should work on defaulters of vaccination by strengthening immunization service delivery and improving maternal knowledge on vaccination through pregnant mother conference participation.
A multi-brain mechanism for observational threat learning
Authors: Pan Yafeng , Vinding Mikkel , Zhang Lei , Lundqvist Daniel , Olsson Andreas
Published: November 2022

Survival and adaptation in environments require swift and efficacious learning about what is dangerous. Across species, much of such threat learning is acquired socially, for example, through the observation of others’ (“demonstrators’”) defensive behaviors. However, the specific mechanisms responsible for the integration of information flowing between demonstrators and observers remain largely unknown. We addressed this dearth of knowledge by sequentially performing magnetoencephalography (MEG) imaging in demonstrator-observer dyads: a set of stimuli were first shown to a demonstrator whose defensive responses were filmed and later presented to an observer, with neuronal activity recorded from both individuals. Observers exhibited successful learning, as revealed by physiological responses and computational modeling. Sensor- and source-level results consistently demonstrated brain-to-brain coupling (BtBC) within demonstrator-observer dyads. Strikingly, BtBC in the fronto-limbic circuit (including insula, ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) predicted ensuing learning outcomes (i.e., conditioned responses). A machine learning algorithm revealed that the predictive power of BtBC on learning was magnified when a threat was imminent to the demonstrator. BtBC depended on how observers perceived their social status relative to the demonstrator, and was likely to be driven by shared attention and emotion, as bolstered by dyadic pupillary coupling. Taken together, our study describes a multi-brain mechanism for social threat learning, involving BtBC, which reflects social relationships and predicts adaptive learned behaviors.
Ultrasensitive Magneto electric Sensor based on Galfenol/ AlN structure
Authors: Haghparast M. , Tehranchi M. M. , Hamidi S. M.
Published: November 2022

Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors based on magnetoelectric (ME) structures have many applications in bio-magnetic sensors and magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanners. Enhance the sensitivity, limit of detection and main frequency of these sensors need simulation process by accurate methods such as finite element method (FEM). To get good sensitivity and efficient benefit, we use a cantilever-type composite structures including galfenol alloy as a magnetostrictive layer and AlN as a piezoelectric layer. Galfenol is an alloy of iron and gallium and its \({\text{Fe}}_{\text{0.83}}{\text{Ga}}_{\text{0.17}}\) structure has a high magnetostriction coefficient and can be used as a thin film. According to the cantilever structure, the maximum bending of the structure is 20 \(\text{μm}\). The simulated sensor has a limit of detections of 1 \(\raisebox{1ex}{$\text{pT}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$}\right.\) and can measure an AC magnetic field of 1 pT. This sensor has the best performance in the bias DC magnetic field of 2.3 mT and resonance frequency of 2521.8 Hz and has a magnetoelectric coefficient of 4865 (\(\raisebox{1ex}{$\text{V}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\text{cm.Oe}$}\right.\)).