bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulating the optical properties of carbon dots by peptide condensates
Authors: Gaash Dor , Dewan Simran , Leshem Avigail Baruch , Jaiswal Kumar Sagar , Jelinek Raz , Lampel Ayala
Published: September 2023

The fluorescence of tyrosine-carbon dots is modulated by their partitioning and release from peptide condensates.
Biomolecular crystal engineering
Authors: Pigliacelli Claudia , Metrangolo Pierangelo
Published: September 2023

Claudia Pigliacelli and Pierangelo Metrangolo introduce the themed collection “Biomolecular crystal engineering”.
Potential energy surfaces for singlet and triplet states of the LiH2+ system and quasi-classical trajectory cross sections for H + LiH+ and H+ + LiH
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Javier , Sanz-Sanz Cristina , Enríquez Pedro Alberto , González Miguel , Paniagua Miguel
Published: September 2023

The lowest six potential energy surfaces of LiH2+ were obtained (ic-MRCI-F12 level), where four of them were studied for the first time. Using the quasiclassical trajectory method cross sections were obtained for all the reaction channels.
Regulating polystyrene glass transition temperature by varying the hydration levels of aromatic ring/Li+ interaction
Authors: Chin Sze Yuet , Lu Yunpeng , Di Weishuai , Ye Kai , Li Zihan , He Chenlu , Cao Yi , Tang Chun , Xue Kai
Published: September 2023

Cation–π interactions can be tailored with different hydration levels of the ion, and leads to a variation of polymer properties. Proton detected solid state NMR provides important insights in this field.
Current stage and future development of Belgrade collisional and radiative databases/datasets of importance for molecular dynamics
Authors: Vujčić Veljko , Marinković Bratislav P. , Srećković Vladimir A. , Tošić Sanja , Jevremović Darko , Ignjatović Ljubinko M. , Rabasović Maja S. , Šević Dragutin , Simonović Nenad , Mason Nigel J.
Published: September 2023

Atomic and molecular (A&M) databases that contain information about species, their identities and radiative/collisional processes are essential and helpful tools that are utilized in many fields of physics, chemistry, and chem/phys-informatics.
Strain-tunable magnetism and topological states in layered VBi2Te4
Authors: Zhang Yaling , Wang Yingying , Yang Wenjia , Zhang Huisheng , Jia Jianfeng
Published: September 2023

By tuning the strain strength, the time-reversal broken quantum spin Hall effect, quantum anomalous Hall effect, and trivial state can be realized in a magnetic VBi2Te4 bilayer.
Porous crystalline materials for memories and neuromorphic computing systems
Authors: Ding Guanglong , Zhao JiYu , Zhou Kui , Zheng Qi , Han Su-Ting , Peng Xiaojun , Zhou Ye
Published: September 2023

This review highlights the film preparation methods and the application advances in memory and neuromorphic electronics of porous crystalline materials, involving MOFs, COFs, HOFs, and zeolites.
A fluorescent controllable supramolecular crosslinked polymer constructed by complementary metal coordination interaction
Authors: Huang Xiaohui , Liu Shengyong , Rao Shenghui , Lu Jiangyue , Xiao Ke , Bai Yang , Huang Zhe , Li Hui
Published: September 2023

A fluorescent controllable supramolecular crosslinked polymer was constructed by complementary metal coordination interaction. The fluorescence quenching/enhancement of supramolecular polymer could be adjusted by adding base/acid.
Fabrication of bimetallic-doped materials derived from a Cu-based complex for enhanced dye adsorption and iodine capture
Authors: Yang Ai-Ai , Cui Jian-Peng , Liu Yu , Zhang Xiao-Sa , Sun Ze-Bang , Luo Nan , Li Wen-Ze , Luan Jian
Published: September 2023

A novel 1D binuclear Cu-based complex had been designed and used to synthesize carbon-based metal/non-metal-doped materials by a facile method. The iodine sorption/release and dyes adsorption capabilities have been investigated in detail.
Recent advances in semiconductor heterojunctions: a detailed review of the fundamentals of photocatalysis, charge transfer mechanism and materials
Authors: Balapure Aniket , Ray Dutta Jayati , Ganesan Ramakrishnan
Published: September 2023

Semiconductor heterojunctions are pivotal in determining the overall photocatalytic efficiency. This review explores recent advances in diverse heterojunction types, charge transfer mechanisms and materials.
Establishment of an efficient and accurate thermal stability evaluation method based on machine vision and its application in PVC thermal degradation
Authors: Wang Mei , Wang Guanglin , Fan Xinzhu , Song Xianghai , Zhou Bingliang , Bu Quan , Yuan Shouqi
Published: September 2023

An efficient and accurate PVC thermal stability evaluation method based on machine vision was established.
Engineering crystal planes and band structure of 2D tin sulfide nanosheets and investigating their photocatalytic degradation performance
Authors: Jia Zhixin , Shuai Xiaofeng , Zhao Ruihua , Du Jianping
Published: September 2023

Dual crystal planes and band structure of 2D tin sulfide that were regulated by 3D flower-like structure can be combined to boost its photodegradation performance.
Preparation of porous silicon composite anode material coated with open pore polymethyl acrylate and its electrochemical performance as a carbon source
Authors: Liao Simin , Shi Xiang , Xu Yefei , Liu Mengyue , Ding Nengwen , Li Xiaocheng , Li Zhifeng
Published: September 2023

Silicon (Si) is considered an ideal candidate for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries owing to its high specific capacity, low lithiation/delithiation potential, and abundance.
Synthesis of methylphosphorylated oligomannosides structurally related to lipopolysaccharide O-antigens of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O3 and their application for detection of specific antibodies in rabbit and human sera
Authors: Solovev Arsenii S. , Denisova Evgeniya M. , Kurbatova Ekaterina A. , Kutsevalova Olga Y. , Boronina Liubov G. , Ageevets Vladimir A. , Sidorenko Sergey V. , Krylov Vadim B. , Nifantiev Nikolay E.
Published: September 2023

The synthesis and immunochemical application of spacer-armed oligosaccharides related to the outer fragment of the lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae O3 are reported.
Correction: A bifunctional hierarchical core–shell Mo2C@ZnIn2S4 Schottky junction for efficient photocatalytic H2-evolution integrated with valuable furfural production
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Xiaorui , Zeng Zikang , Han Chuang , Liang Yujun
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘A bifunctional hierarchical core–shell Mo2C@ZnIn2S4 Schottky junction for efficient photocatalytic H2-evolution integrated with valuable furfural production’ by Jian Yang et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3qi01422c.
Self-doped p–n junctions with high carrier concentration in 2D GaN/MoSSe heterostructures: a first-principles study
Authors: Deng Dawei , Si Rutong , Wen Bo , Seriani Nicola , Wei Xiao-Lin , Yin Wen-Jin , Gebauer Ralph
Published: September 2023

A nonvolatile self-doping strategy through fabricating two different 2D polar semiconductors (GaN/MoSSe) into vdW heterostructures could theoretically achieve high concentrations of carriers (>3.48 × 1012).
Electrochemical synthesis of fluorescence-enhanced carbon dots with multicolor emission via surface nitrogen and sulfur modulation for information encryption applications
Authors: Zhao Qingling , Wang Xiaotong , Song Qinghong , Zang Zehao , Fan Chunyan , Li Lanlan , Yu Xiaofei , Lu Zunming , Zhang Xinghua
Published: September 2023

Elucidating the mechanism of surface nitrogen and sulfur modulation in multicolor carbon dots via electrochemical methods for information encryption applications.
A normative microbiome is not restored following kidney transplantation
Authors: Craven Hannah , Erlandsson Helen , McGuinness Dagmara , McGuinness David H. , Mafra Denise , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Bergman Peter , Shiels Paul G. , Stenvinkel Peter
Published: September 2023

Dialysis and kidney transplantation (Ktx) mitigate some of the physiological deficits in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it remains to be determined if these mitigate microbial dysbiosis and the production of inflammatory microbial metabolites, which contribute significantly to the uraemic phenotype. We have investigated bacterial DNA signatures present in the circulation of CKD patients and those receiving a KTx. Our data are consistent with increasing dysbiosis as CKD progresses, with an accompanying increase in trimethylamine (TMA) producing pathobionts Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Notably, KTx patients displayed a significantly different microbiota compared with CKD5 patients, which surprisingly included further increase in TMA producing Bacillus and loss of salutogenic Lactobacilli. Only two genera (Viellonella and Saccharimonidales) showed significant differences in abundance following KTx that may reflect a reciprocal relationship between TMA producers and utilisers, which supersedes restoration of a normative microbiome. Our metadata analysis confirmed that TMA N-oxide (TMAO) along with one carbon metabolism had significant impact upon both inflammatory burden and the composition of the microbiome. This indicates that these metabolites are key to shaping the uraemic microbiome and might be exploited in the development of dietary intervention strategies to both mitigate the physiological deficits in CKD and enable the restoration of a more salutogenic microbiome.
Bright-Moon sky as a wide-field linear Polarimetric flat source for calibration
Authors: Maharana S. , Kiehlmann S. , Blinov D. , Pelgrims V. , Pavlidou V. , Tassis K. , Kypriotakis J. A. , Ramaprakash A. N. , Anche R. M. , Basyrov A. , Deka K. , Eriksen H. K. , Ghosh T. , Gjerløw E. , Mandarakas N. , Ntormousi E. , Panopoulou G. V. , Papadaki A. , Pearson T. , Potter S. B. , Readhead A. C. S. , Skalidis R. , Wehus I. K.
Published: September 2023

Context. Next-generation wide-field optical polarimeters such as Wide-Area Linear Optical Polarimeters (WALOPs) have a field of view (FoV) of tens of arcminutes. Wide-field polarimetric flat sources are essential to the efficient and accurate calibration of these instruments. However, no established wide-field polarimetric standard or flat sources exist at present.

Aims. This study tests the feasibility of using the polarized sky patches of the size of around 10 × 10 arcminutes2, at a distance of up to 20° from the Moon, on bright-Moon nights as a wide-field linear polarimetric flat source.

Methods. We observed 19 patches of the sky adjacent to the bright-Moon with the RoboPol instrument in the SDSS-r broadband filter. These patches were observed on five nights within two days of the full-Moon across two RoboPol observing seasons.

Results. We find that for 18 of the 19 patches, the uniformity in the measured normalized Stokes parameters q and u is within 0.2%, with 12 patches exhibiting uniformity within 0.07% or better for both q and u simultaneously, making them reliable and stable wide-field linear polarization flats.

Conclusions. We demonstrate that the sky on bright-Moon nights is an excellent wide-field linear polarization flat source. Various combinations of the normalized Stokes parameters q and u can be obtained by choosing suitable locations of the sky patch with respect to the Moon.
Diastereoselective Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Amides with Diarylmethanes Using DDQ through Oxidative C–H Benzylic Activation
Authors: Nakata Kenya , Kimura Nagisa
Published: September 2023

This study reports the chiral-auxiliary-controlled diastereoselective dehydrogenative coupling of diarylmethanes with amides by using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone as the oxidant. The scope of the proposed reaction is very broad, with a wide variety of substrates and nucleophiles being applicable. The chiral induction can be attributed to the coordination of the oxygen atom on the chiral auxiliary with the carbocation intermediates.
Rose Bengal Promoted Catalytic Amyloid-β Oxygenation by Sonoactivation
Authors: Sohma Youhei , Hori Yukiko , Tomita Taisuke , Kanai Motomu , Atsumi Wataru , Kawabata Keiichi , Yamane Mina , Oi Miku , Mitsunuma Harunobu
Published: September 2023

Catalytic photooxygenation of amyloid-β is a leading therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer disease; however, the limited tissue permeability of light hampers its clinical application. We here report an alternative catalytic sonooxygenation strategy to circumvent this problem. Amyloid-β aggregates were oxygenated by using rose bengal as a sonosensitizer under ultrasound irradiation. Structure–activity relationships revealed that xanthene-derived catalysts containing halogen atoms furnished a superior amyloid oxygenation activity.
Homeopathic Sulphur Ointment as Adjuvant in the Treatment of Sheep with Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A Case Series
Authors: Barros Giuliano Pereira de , Leme Denise Pereira , Avilés Laura Livia Arias , Bricarello Patrizia Ana
Published: September 2023

Background Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health. Homeopathic Sulphur presents similarity with the clinical presentation verified in these cases and has already shown in vitro efficacy on the blowfly that causes this pathology. This article presents the report of a series of clinical cases of myiasis by C. hominivorax in sheep that underwent adjuvant treatment with homeopathic Sulphur and presents a theoretical-scientific discussion of biological events related to the clinical treatment of the condition.

Patients Seven naturally occurring myiases affecting sheep from an experimental farm were treated by an ointment impregnated with the homeopathic medicine Sulph 12cH, used as adjuvant after the manual removal of accessible larvae from the wound during wound cleaning. The animals were treated daily and evaluated clinically until complete healing of the lesions. Clinical information on the evolution of the inflammatory and scarring process was collected. Blood counts and bacteriological examinations were performed before and after topical homeopathic treatment.

Results The homeopathic ointment Sulph 12cH was able to inhibit the development of parasitic C. hominivorax larvae and promote tissue repair and healing in naturally occurring myiasis in the sheep of this study.

Conclusion The homeopathic medicine Sulphur, formulated as an ointment, may be a useful new and adjuvant therapeutic option for treating myiasis in animals.
Isolated Cerebral Metachronous Metastasis in Fibular Osteosarcoma: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Nayak Manoj Kumar , Rastogi Sameer , Sebastian Leve Joseph , Tansir Ghazal , Narwal Anubhav
Published: September 2023

Isolated brain involvement is rarely reported as isolated metachronous metastasis from osteosarcoma. Herein, we report a case of fibular osteosarcoma in a young female who presented with solitary hemorrhagic metachronous cerebral metastasis after years of disease-free interval. Imaging showed a large mass lesion in the right posterior temporal lobe with internal areas of bleed not associated with calcification or ossification mimicking high-grade glioma. No other sites of distant metastases were found on the workup. Two-dimensional echocardiography was done to rule out any cardiac anomaly, including the shunt defect, but no abnormality was detected. She was operated for the cerebral lesion, and histopathology of the resected specimen showed osteosarcoma. The patient was started on chemotherapy and is doing well so far. This case presents a unique scenario of osteosarcoma with an isolated lesion in the brain without any other site of distant metastasis.
The Therapeutic Potential of Acupuncture in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Yu Yang , Peng Xunchao , Tang Chenglin
Published: September 2023

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) represents the most common type of CP, characterized by complex pathogenesis and a wide array of symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Acupuncture, a widely used treatment for chronic and painful conditions, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in restoring prostate function and enhancing the quality of life for affected patients. This article critically examines the intricate pathogenesis of CP/CPPS and explores the related therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture. Additionally, it summarizes the advancements made in the last decades regarding the use of acupuncture for treating CP/CPPS and elucidates potential effect pathways, laying the groundwork for further fundamental research.
Association between Phytoestrogen Consumption and Female Reproductive Health: A Systematic Review of Experimental Models
Authors: Suhaimi Nur Nadhirah , Waras Maisarah Nasution , Ansor Nurhuda Mohamad
Published: September 2023

Phytoestrogens have been shown as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, breast cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. However, due to its unique chemical structure, phytoestrogen may cause unintended estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects on the human body, especially with regard to female reproductive health and performance. Hence, this systematic review aims to provide a critical evaluation of in vitro and in vivo evidence from the literature regarding the adverse effects of phytoestrogens on female reproductive health. The literature search was performed on four electronic databases including Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 965 studies were screened but only 58 of them were found to be relevant and assessed for eligibility. Of these, 23 studies met the eligibility criteria while the remaining studies were excluded due to insufficiently described methods and lack of clear findings being reported. From the review, phytoestrogens may alter the development of reproductive organs, prolong the estrus cycle, induce the accumulation of fluid in the uterus, and inhibit ovulation. The concentration and exposure duration of phytoestrogens may have different effects on the reproductive organs. Thus, further studies are warranted on the toxicodynamic, toxicokinetic, mode of action, and mechanism of actions of phytoestrogens on the female reproductive system to establish recommendations regarding phytoestrogen supplement consumption for women.
Prognostication in Prolonged and Chronic Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Carlson Julia M. , Lin David J.
Published: September 2023

Patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOCs) longer than 28 days may continue to make significant gains and achieve functional recovery. Occasionally, this recovery trajectory may extend past 3 (for nontraumatic etiologies) and 12 months (for traumatic etiologies) into the chronic period. Prognosis is influenced by several factors including state of DOC, etiology, and demographics. There are several testing modalities that may aid prognostication under active investigation including electroencephalography, functional and anatomic magnetic resonance imaging, and event-related potentials. At this time, only one treatment (amantadine) has been routinely recommended to improve functional recovery in prolonged DOC. Given that some patients with prolonged or chronic DOC have the potential to recover both consciousness and functional status, it is important for neurologists experienced in prognostication to remain involved in their care.
How does digital transformation relieve the employment pressure in China? Empirical evidence from the national smart city pilot policy
Authors: Ling Xiao , Luo Zhangwei , Feng Yanchao , Liu Xun , Gao Yue
Published: September 2023

The impact of digital transformation on employment has been increasingly noticed by the academic community, while the internal mechanism still remains as a black box, especially in terms of specific pilot policy, such as the national smart city pilots policy in China. Based on the city-level and firm-level panel data, we investigate the impact of China’s national smart city pilot on the employment pressure of urban job seekers using difference-in-differences model. The results show that the national smart city pilots significantly reduces the employment pressure in the pilot cities. In addition, by bringing configuration optimization and technological upgrading, smart city pilots affect firm selection at the micro level, generating siphoning effects, factor substitution effects, and efficiency gains, and further affect the macro economy by promoting urban economic agglomeration, industrial structure transformation, and regional innovation thereby affecting employment pressure. Furthermore, the reduction effect of China’s national smart city pilot on employment pressure are heterogeneous in terms of cities, firms, and workers’ education levels. Finally, conclusions and policy implementations are provided to highlight the theoretical and practical values.
A recipe for cooking up more effective artificial neurons
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2023

The compressive study details a pathway for developing artificial spiking neurons out of new materials.
Ising percolation in the hyperbolic plane
Authors: Li Zhongyang
Published: September 2023

We study infinite “+” or “−” clusters for an Ising model on an connected, transitive, non-amenable, planar, one-ended graph G with finite vertex degree. If the critical percolation probability pcsite for the independent identically distributed (IID). Bernoulli site percolation on G is less than 12, we find an explicit region for the coupling constant of the Ising model such that there are infinitely many infinite “+”-clusters and infinitely many infinite “−”-clusters, while the random cluster representation of the Ising model has no infinite 1-clusters. If pcsite>12, we obtain a lower bound for the critical probability in the random cluster representation of the Ising model in terms of pcsite. We also obtain an explicit region for the coupling constant when the XOR Ising model (the product of two IID Ising models) does not have a unique infinite contour a.s. and an explicit region for the coupling constant when the XOR Ising model has infinitely many infinite “+”-clusters and infinitely many infinite “−”-clusters.
The ion acoustic instability during collisionless two-ion-species plasma expansion
Authors: Lv S. Y. , Wang Qing , Liu D. J. , Li X. X. , Cheng R. J. , Huang Z. M. , Li X. M. , Zhang S. T. , Chen Z. J. , Wang Qiang , Liu Z. J. , Cao L. H. , Zheng C. Y.
Published: September 2023

A hypothesis of the electrostatic field for the expansion of a plasma composed of two ion species into a vacuum is proposed. The solution for expansion is derived analytically and verified by numerical simulations. The expansion region is predicted to exhibit a constant velocity difference between the two ion components, which could result in ion beam instability and, thus, an increase in ion temperature. The instability, which occurs in CH plasma, is also verified theoretically and examined by particle-in-cell simulations.
Electrical characteristics of in situ Mg-doped β-Ga2O3 current-blocking layer for vertical devices
Authors: Saha Sudipto , Meng Lingyu , Bhuiyan A. F. M. Anhar Uddin , Sharma Ankit , Saha Chinmoy Nath , Zhao Hongping , Singisetti Uttam
Published: September 2023

The lack of p-type doping has impeded the development of vertical gallium oxide (Ga2O3) devices. Current blocking layers (CBLs) using implanted deep acceptors have been used to demonstrate vertical devices. This paper presents a pioneering demonstration of in situ Mg-doped β-Ga2O3 CBLs grown using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The Mg-doping density during growth was calibrated by quantitative secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Electrical test structures were designed with in situ Mg doped layers with various targeted Mg doping concentrations. The effectiveness of the CBL is characterized by using temperature-dependent current–voltage measurements using n-Mg-doped-n structures, providing crucial insight into the underlying mechanisms. Pulsed measurements show similar blocking characteristics as DC. To further validate the experimental results, a TCAD simulation is performed, and the electrically active effective doping is found to be dependent on the Mg-doping density, offering an alternate perspective on the optimization of CBL performance. Breakdown measurements show a peak 4 MV/cm field strength.
Synchronization of multiple rigid body systems: A survey
Authors: Jin Xin , Ho Daniel W. C. , Tang Yang
Published: September 2023

The multi-agent system has been a hot topic in the past few decades owing to its lower cost, higher robustness, and higher flexibility. As a particular multi-agent system, the multiple rigid body system received a growing interest for its wide applications in transportation, aerospace, and ocean exploration. Due to the non-Euclidean configuration space of attitudes and the inherent nonlinearity of the dynamics of rigid body systems, synchronization of multiple rigid body systems is quite challenging. This paper aims to present an overview of the recent progress in synchronization of multiple rigid body systems from the view of two fundamental problems. The first problem focuses on attitude synchronization, while the second one focuses on cooperative motion control in that rotation and translation dynamics are coupled. Finally, a summary and future directions are given in the conclusion.
Experimental analysis of temperature and vapor core pressure for an annular heat pipe
Authors: Orea Daniel , Anand N. K. , Hassan Yassin A.
Published: September 2023

The main contribution of this study is the effects of the operating conditions on the internal vapor pressure and temperature in an annular screen wick heat pipe, using distilled water as the working fluid. High-resolution pressure transducers, optical fiber distributed temperature sensors, and K-type thermocouples were employed to measure the internal and external temperatures as well as the local static pressures at different axial positions of the heat pipe. Temporal and frequency analysis using a one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform was performed on the differential pressure data to characterize flow behavior and infer the flow regime occurring within the heat pipe. The heat pipe was tested in multiple orientations with respect to the horizon (θ=0°, 45°, and 90°), heat loads (25, 50, and 75 W), and condenser coolant temperatures (Tw,in= 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C). To estimate the vapor-phase flow friction factor for multiple Reynolds numbers, the Lockhart–Martinelli correlation was employed. This study provides critical experimental data and analyses for complex two-phase flow behavior in an annular wick heat pipe geometry. The thermal resistance and effective thermal conductivity were estimated as a function of the heat pipe orientation and power input. The experimental investigation revealed that power input and orientation influence both the internal vapor core and external surface temperatures, as well as the local pressure response. The outcomes from this study provide a valuable database that supports the advancement of heat pipe design, modeling, and validation.
Hamilton-Jacobi and Klein-Gordon-Fock equations for a charged test particle in space-time with simply transitive four-parameter groups of motions
Authors: Obukhov V. V.
Published: September 2023

Metric components of potentials of admissible electromagnetic fields in spaces with simply transitive motion group G4 are found. The components of vector tetrads corresponding to the components of the metric tensors found by Petrov are given. The results obtained complement the coordinate-free classification given in Magazev et al. [Theor. Math. Phys. 156, 1127–1141 (2008)]. Previously, admissible electromagnetic fields were found for the case when three- and four-parameter groups of motions act on hypersurfaces of spacetime. Thus, non-equivalent sets of potentials for all electromagnetic fields that admit three- and four-parameter groups of motions are known now.
Conjugate variables approach tomixedq-Araki–Woods algebras: Factoriality and non-injectivity
Authors: Kumar Manish
Published: September 2023

We establish factoriality and non-injectivity in full generality for the mixed q-Araki–Woods von Neumann algebra associated to a separable real Hilbert space HR with dimHR≥2, a strongly continuous one parameter group of orthogonal transformations on HR, a direct sum decomposition HR=⊕iHR(i), and a real symmetric matrix (qij) with supi,j|qij| < 1. This is achieved by first proving the existence of conjugate variables for a finite number of generators of the algebras (when dimHR<∞), following the lines of Miyagawa–Speicher and Kumar–Skalski–Wasilewski. The conjugate variables belong to the factors in question and satisfy certain Lipschitz conditions.
Effects of magnetic field configurations on the minimized ECR ion thrusters for micro-Newton and wide-range operations
Authors: Meng Sheng-Feng , Yu Da-Ren
Published: September 2023

Space-based gravitational wave detection missions require precise thrusts over a wide-range of 1–100 μN. In this study, the axial ring-cusp magnetic field configuration is used to design a miniature electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster with a radius of 5 mm. Two typical configurations, i.e., open-type and closed-type, are compared in terms of electron density, electron temperature, and thrust for micro-Newton and wide-range operations. The results show that the open-type achieves high performances owing to the high efficiency of absorption of input microwave power. The lower limit of the mass flow rate in the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge is expanded to a very low value of 3 × 10−2 sccm to achieve 1 μN in the open-type. The thrust in the open-type could be tuned in a wide-range of 1–119 μN, meeting the requirement.
Plasma modes in QED super-strong magnetic fields of magnetars and laser plasmas
Authors: Medvedev Mikhail V.
Published: September 2023

Ultra-magnetized plasmas, where the magnetic field strength exceeds the Schwinger field of about BQ≈4×1013 G, become of great scientific interest, thanks to the current advances in laser-plasma experiments and astrophysical observations of magnetar emission. These advances demand better understanding of how quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects influence collective plasma phenomena. In particular, Maxwell's equations become nonlinear in the strong-QED regime. Here we present the “QED plasma framework,” which will allow one to systematically explore collective phenomena in a QED-plasma with arbitrary strong magnetic field. Further, we illustrate the framework by exploring low-frequency modes in the ultra-magnetized, cold, electron-positron plasmas. We demonstrate that the classical picture of five branches holds in the QED regime; no new eigenmodes appear. The dispersion curves of all the modes are modified. The QED effects include the overall modification to the plasma frequency, which becomes field-dependent. They also modify resonances and cutoffs of the modes, which become both field- and angle-dependent. The strongest effects are (i) the field-induced transparency of plasma for the O-mode via the dramatic reduction of the low-frequency cutoff well below the plasma frequency, (ii) the Alfvén mode suppression in the large-k regime via the reduction of the Alfvén mode resonance, and (iii) the O-mode slowdown via strong angle-dependent increase in the index of refraction. These results should be important for understanding of a magnetospheric pair plasma of a magnetar and for laboratory laser-plasma experiments in the QED regime.
Exact momentum sources for gust injection in flow simulations
Authors: Jiang Hanbo
Published: September 2023

Vortical gusts are unsteady flow disturbances that can affect the aerodynamic performance and stability of aircraft. Generating realistic vortical gusts in flow simulations is challenging due to the complexity and diversity of turbulence characteristics. This paper introduces a novel framework for creating vortical gusts in flow simulations using momentum sources. The method can manipulate the incoming flow with any desired divergence-free velocity perturbation at any location and avoid unwanted acoustic waves in the meanwhile. It starts from a linearized incompressible momentum equation without viscous effects. The equation has a frequency-domain representation, which is an ordinary differential equation and easy to solve. Then, several conditions are imposed to determine unknown coefficients. Expressions of source terms producing one-dimensional and two-dimensional gusts are obtained. The generated velocity field is compared to the specified gust and shows outstanding agreement. Several parameters that affect the distribution of added sources are systematically studied to find a combination that can provide optimal performance in various scenarios. Finally, the model is used to assess the aerodynamic interaction of a vortical gust and thin airfoils. The results agree well with the analytical solutions provided by the Sears model.
Solving the constitutive equation of dilute polymeric flows: A general Fokker–Planck approach for linear elastic dumbbell models
Authors: Hetland B. , Jettestuen E. , Hiorth A.
Published: September 2023

We present a mesoscopic numerical solver for the constitutive equation of dilute polymer solutions, as described by the Fokker–Planck equation of bead-spring dumbbell models with linear spring forces, such as Oldroyd-B, FENE-P (finitely extensible nonlinear elastic with Peterlin closure), and C-FENE-P (charged FENE-P). The configuration density function of the Fokker–Planck equation is expanded into a series of Hermite polynomials, and we show that only a second order in the expansion is needed to describe the evolution of the polymer-induced stresses. The polymer-induced stress tensor is given exactly through a discrete representation of the configuration distribution function, which is obtained from a finite set of Gauss–Hermite quadrature points. In addition, we derive the conformation tensor equation, which serves as a mathematical quality check for the method. We solve the time evolution of the extra stress tensor for homogeneous flows of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions, conceptualized by the C-FENE-P model, which is a generalization of the FENE-P dumbbell model. The results are shown to be in excellent agreement with analytical and semi-analytical reference results for simple shear and extensional flows. While in this paper the focus is on linear connector forces, we believe that the principles of the derivation are extendable to other force laws.
Electrically driven light emission from single quantum dots using pulsed MOS capacitors
Authors: Wang Vivian , Lin Qing , Javey Ali
Published: September 2023

Robust, nanoscale light-emitting devices are attractive for emerging photonic and quantum engineering applications. However, conventional approaches suffer from fabrication challenges or lack the potential to address individual nanostructures, such as quantum dots. In this paper, we present a device that can produce electrically driven light emission from a single quantum dot using a single carbon nanotube as the charge injection contact. The device has a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor structure and operates based on an unconventional mechanism of electroluminescence, which relies on the use of bipolar voltage pulses. The proposed device can be fabricated in a simple manner using conventional lithographic processes, offering a scalable approach toward the development of optoelectronic devices at the single dot level.
Effect of inorganic salts in coal seams on the sand-carrying capacity of hydroxypropyl guar foam-fracturing fluid: An experimental study
Authors: Huang Qiming , Li Mingyang , Huang Yifeng , Zhang Aimin , Lian Xiaoyong , Yan Yuting , Feng Xu
Published: September 2023

Coal seam water typically contains inorganic salts, which could affect the sand-carrying capacity of foam-fracturing fluid. This study selected the standard cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the foaming agent, used the high molecular polymer hydroxypropyl guar gum as the foam stabilizer to prepare foam-fracturing fluid, and selected silica particles as the proppant. The effects of different CaCl2, NaHCO3, MgSO4, and KCl concentrations on sand-carrying sedimentation of foam-fracturing fluid were evaluated. The effects of inorganic salts on foam morphology and foam morphology on proppant sedimentation were obtained through microscope observation, and the mechanism of inorganic salts on proppant sedimentation in foam-fracturing fluids was explored. The results show that 1% CaCl2 and 0.1% NaHCO3 inhibited the sand-carrying capacity of the foam-fracturing fluid, whereas two concentrations of MgSO4 and KCl promote the sand-carrying capacity of the foam-fracturing fluid. The effect of inorganic salts on the sand-carrying properties of cationic surfactant foam-fracturing fluids is divided into two main stages. During the settling phase, inorganic salts affect settling by changing the viscosity of the foam-fracturing fluid and the repulsive force of the double electric layer on the proppant. During the suspension phase, the proppant improves the probability of collision between the proppant and the foam by promoting the foam particle size and improves the hindering effect of foam pressure and structural forces on the proppant. The results have a guiding significance for developing foam-fracturing technology.
Synthesis mechanism of four metallic Cyclo-N5− energetic materials: A theoretical Perspective
Authors: Li Xiang , Long Yao , Zhang Chong , Sun Chengguo , Hu Bingcheng , Qin Lei , Chen Jun
Published: September 2023

In the past five years, over 20 types of cyclo-N5− energetic materials (EMs) have been successfully synthesized. Metallic cyclo-N5− EMs exhibit higher density and performance compared to non-metallic cyclo-N5− EMs. However, the mechanisms for such metallic cyclo-N5− EMs remain unexplored. Herein, we performed a thorough quantum chemistry study on the mechanistic pathway for the cyclo-N5− trapped by metal cations in four cyclo-N5− EMs: [Na(H2O) (N5)] · 2H2O, [M(H2O)4(N5)2] · 4H2O (M = Mn, Fe, and Co), by density functional theory methods and transition state theory. During the synthesis process, the cyclo-N5− in the precursor hybrid aromatic compound is susceptible to electrophilic attack by metal cations. This attack disrupts the hydrogen bond interaction surrounding the cyclo-N5−, ultimately leading to the formation of either an ionic bond or a coordination bond between the metal cation and the cyclo-N5−, resulting in an electrophilic substitution reaction. In addition, solvent effects reduce the energy of the ionic bond, thereby promoting the reaction. Our findings will provide valuable insights for future route design and contribute to enhancing the synthesis yield of cyclo-N5− EMs in both theoretical and experimental aspects.
Numerical study of entropy generation in magneto-convective flow of nanofluid in porous enclosure using fractional order non-Darcian model
Authors: Parmar Deepika , Rathish Kumar B. V. , Krishna Murthy S. V. S. S. N. V. G. , Kumar Sumant
Published: September 2023

The present numerical work examines the effect of fractional order parameter on heat transfer and entropy generation for a thermo-magnetic convective flow of nanofluid (Cu-water) in a square porous enclosure that contains semi-circular bottom wall. The Darcy–Brinkmann–Forchheimer model is utilized to evaluate the momentum transfer in porous media, and the Caputo-time fractional derivative term is introduced in momentum as well as in the energy equation. Further, non-dimensional governing equations are simulated through the penalty finite element method, and the Caputo time derivative is approximated by L1-scheme. The study is carried out for various parameters, including Rayleigh number (Ra), Darcy number (Da), radius of the semicircle (r), fractional order (α), and Hartmann number (Ha). The comprehensive results are presented by the contour variation of isotherms, streamlines, and total entropy generation at the selected range of parameters. In addition, thermal transport and irreversibilities due to heat transfer, fluid friction, and magnetic field have been accounted through the numerical variation of mean Nusselt number (Num) and Bejan number due to heat transfer (Beht), fluid friction (Beff), and magnetic field (Bemf), respectively. The key findings of the present study reveal that during the initial evolution period, the Num value increases as α→1. Additionally, time taken to achieve the steady state condition varies and depends on fractional order α. Furthermore, in the absence of Ha, the heat transfer and entropy generation intensifies with augmentation of Ra and Da for all α, while, the increasing value of Ha shows an adverse impact on the heat transfer rate.
Connection between nuclear and electronic Fukui functions beyond frontier molecular orbitals
Authors: Oller Javier , Jaque Pablo
Published: September 2023

Based on the relationship between average local ionization energy Ī(r) and average local electron affinity Ā(r) with the electronic Fukui functions, i.e., f−(r) and f+(r), respectively, in this paper, we establish a connection between nuclear and electronic Fukui functions beyond frontier molecular orbitals. As a consequence of this connection, we obtain expressions of average nuclear Fukui functions interpreted as a variation of average nucleophilicity or electrophilicity (weighted by the electronic orbital Fukui functions) with respect to nuclear displacements, which goes beyond the highest occupied molecular orbital/or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital consideration. Furthermore, from this connection and considering the frontier molecular orbital approximation, we derive expressions of nuclear Fukui functions in terms of the atom-condensed electronic Fukui functions, which imply a locality in the chemical reactivity and could be used to study the variation of local nucleophilicity or electrophilicity with respect to nuclear displacements. Finally, this new way to interpret the nuclear Fukui function could be useful in the future to study the chemical reactivity related to molecular vibrations, internal rotations, bond dissociation, chemical reaction along the model of reaction coordinate, and so on.
A strategy for improving the stability of platinum-containing electrocatalyst toward hydrogen production in industrial alkaline water electrolysis
Authors: Shen Junxia , Jin Qingfeng , Chen Cong , Xu Shunshun , An Tai , Wei Zhihe , Dong Wen , Fan Ronglei , Shen Mingrong
Published: September 2023

Significant breakthroughs have recently been made in boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of Pt-containing electrocatalysts; however, it is unclear whether they can withstand long-term operational durability under the harsh industrial conditions, especially when driven by intermittent renewable energy. Here, a Pt-containing cathode was prepared by brushing a Pt–Ni solution onto Ni mesh (NM) (denoted as Pt–Ni/NM) and paired with a NM anode to study its stability under simulated industrial conditions (30 wt. % KOH, 60 °C). The assembled electrolyzer shows superior performance of water splitting, operating constantly under ∼500 mA/cm2 when the cell voltage is kept at 1.71 V. Unfortunately, the HER activity of the cathode degrades obviously when the cell voltage is under the “on/off” (1.71 V/0 V) states when simulating the supply of intermittent renewable energy. Comprehensive analyses revealed that the decline was attributed to the galvanic corrosion owing to the difference in redox potential between Ni and Pt. When the applied protective voltage on the “off” state exceeds such potential (∼0.58 V), the corrosion can be effectively alleviated, extending the stability to over 400 h. Furthermore, this protective strategy also shows effectiveness in improving the stability of other systems (e.g., Co–Ni), offering a promising way for practical applications in industrial alkaline water electrolysis.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: September 2023

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials, which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
Nanoparticles regulate redox metabolism in plants during abiotic stress within hormetic boundaries
Authors: Bhattacharya Saswati , Gupta Sumanti , Saha Jayita
Published: September 2023

Abiotic stress management remains under scrutiny because of the unpredictable nature of climate, which undergoes abrupt alterations. Population pressure, loss of cultivable lands, environmental pollution and other anthropogenic disturbances add to the problem and grossly hinder ongoing management strategies. This has driven increasing effort to find better performing, eco-friendly and reliable alternatives that can contribute to sustainable agricultural practices to manage abiotic stress. Nanotechnology and its implementation in agriculture have emerged as a promising option to cater to the problem of abiotic stress. Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inevitable phenomenon linked to stress. Nanoparticles (NPs) perform dual actions in regulating ROS biology. The bidirectional roles of NPs in modulating ROS generation and/or ROS detoxification is tightly coupled within the hormetic boundaries. Nonetheless, how these NPs control the ROS metabolism within hormetic limits demands extensive investigation. This review focuses on the details of ROS metabolism under normal versus stressed conditions. It shall elaborate on the types, modes and process of uptake and translocation of NPs. The molecular dissection of the role of NPs in controlling transcriptomic expressions and modulating molecular crosstalks with other growth regulators, ions, reactive nitrogen species and other signalling molecules shall also be detailed. Throughout, this review aims to summarise the potential roles and regulation of NPs and consider how they can be used for green synthesis within a sustainable agricultural industry.
Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species
Authors: Barrett Russell L. , Barrett Matthew D.
Published: September 2023

The genus Erythrophleum Afzel ex R.Br. is revised for Australia and three species are recognised, all previously included in E. chlorostachys (F.Muell.) Baill. Erythrophleum arenarium R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett is described as a new species to accommodate populations from desert sands of the Great Sandy Desert and Dampier Botanical Districts in north-western Australia, parapatric to the remaining species. Erythrophleum pubescens R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett is described as a new species spanning tropical Australia, and is sympatric with E. chlorostachys sensu stricto in the Northern Territory and adjacent areas of Western Australia and Queensland. Morphological examination has shown these three taxa to be consistently distinct across their respective ranges. Analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region recovered three well-supported clades corresponding to the three morphologically defined species, and ITS1 has utility as a marker to separate sterile specimens. Erythrophleum pubescens is widespread in the Australian Monsoon Tropics, from the coast of Western Australia, near Derby, to Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. Erythrophleum chlorostachys is also widespread, from the eastern Kimberley Region, in Western Australia, to the Gulf of Carpentaria, in northern Queensland. A lectotype is chosen for Laboucheria chlorostachya F.Muell. Full descriptions, illustrations of key features and identification keys are provided for the three Australian species. A summary of the significant utilisation of Erythrophleum species is presented.