bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variations of Lead and Chromium Concentrations in the Water Samples From Yamuna River in Delhi, India
Authors:   Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India., Singh Sankhla Mahipal , Kumar Rajeev ,   Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India., Prasad Lalit ,   Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India.
Published: May 2021

Background: According to Hindu mythology, Yamuna River plays an impotent role as a holy water resource in Delhi, India. The lead and chromium concentrations were determined from the water samples collected from five different locations around this river in Delhi area. The contaminated water from this river is mostly used for drinking, agriculture, aquaculture, and storage as a holy water. Methods: The seasonal variations of heavy metal concentrations in the water samples collected from Yamuna river were determined for the summer, monsoon and winter supplies, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: In the summer water samples, we found greater concentrations of both heavy metals than those for the monsoon season. The concentrations of lead and chromium in the water samples were higher than the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The water quality was not safe for drinking, cleaning and agriculture, nor for the aquatic animals, such as fish, amphibians and others. Conclusion: The condition of the water in Yamuna river is of great health concerns. Therefore, it is vital to take necessary actions to decontaminate the water from this river, and to draw effective strategies to minimize or prevent the current and future contaminations added to this important water resource in India.
Lead and Cadmium Contaminations in Fruits and Vegetables, and Arsenic in Rice: A Cross Sectional Study on Risk Assessment in Iran
Authors:   Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Tajik Reza , Alimoradian Abbas ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Jamalian Mohammad ,   epartment of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Shamsi Mohsen ,   Department of Health Education, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Moradzadeh Rahmatolah ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Ansari Asl Behnoosh ,   Deputy of Food and Drug, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Asafari Mohaddeseh ,   Deputy of Food and Drug, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: High levels of heavy metals in food are general concerns including carcinogenic effects. According to studies, the accumulation of heavy metals in crops and consumption of these products in diet, has led to serious health concerns. This study investigated the concentrations of lead and cadmium in popular agricultural products. Methods: In this descriptive study, some fresh agricultural products (leafy vegetables, tubers, cucurbits and seeds) were collected in the winter and summer. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and stored in a cold room. After the preparation of the samples, the lead and cadmium contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were analyzed statistically on SPSS v. 26 software. Results: The average concentrations of lead and cadmium in the winter was 37.23±4.7 and 34.77±0.5 while they were 44.12±0.02 and 56.83±0.01 μg/g in the summer. The highest amount of led content was reported in spinach at an average of 71.25 μg/g and the lowest content was found in watermelon at 30.67 μg/g. We observed a significant rise in the concentrations of the pollutants in leafy vegetables during the summer, which was also linked to the farms’ locations (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the highest amount of lead accumulation was found in leafy vegetables and that of the cadmium was at permissible levels in all produces as recommended by WHO. The risk of non-cancerous diseases was also low. Future studied are warranted to assess the risk of heavy metal toxicity in people, especially in children, the elderly and pregnant women.
Effects of Exposure to Aflatoxin G1 on the Plasma Biochemical Factors and Histopathological Properties of Renal Tissue in Mice
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Zamir-Nasta Touraj , Ahmadi Arash ,   Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran., Yazdkhasti Moein ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Pazhouhi Mona ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Jalili Cyrus ,   Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Rezaei Kosar ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Among aflatoxins, the subtype aflatoxin G1 is one of the most toxic, commonly found in cereals, legumes, dairy and non-alcoholic beers. Aflatoxins have been known as nephrotoxic compounds. In this study, changes in the expression of aquaporin-1, the histopathology of renal tissue and plasma biochemical factors after exposure to aflatoxin G1 were investigated in mice. Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice (weighing 20±2 g) were divided into four groups of six. The control group received the vehicle (0.2 ml) and the three experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with aflatoxin G1 at 20 μg/kg for 7, 15 or 35 days, respectively. On days 7, 15 and 35, blood samples were drawn from the mice for biochemical analysis of plasma and the kidney tissues were sampled for real-time PCR and histopathological studies. Results: The real PCR results showed a reduction in aquaporin-1 expression in the experimental groups compared to those in the controls (P<0.05). Also, the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to those in the controls (P<0.05). Also, the serum sodium and potassium levels had decreased significantly compared to the controls (P<0.05). Various damages were observed in the ureters and glomeruli among the experimental groups compared to those in the controls. Conclusion: Aflatoxin G1 had adverse effects on the renal tissue by reducing the expression of aquaporin-1. Subsequently, there were biochemical manifestations in the serum, consisting of changes in the concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium, confirming the histopathological toxicity of aflatoxin G1.
HETEROCYCLIZATION OF ALLYL - IODOETHERS IN 1,4-DIOXANE DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, Talybov G.M. , Musaeva S.A. ,   Azerbaijan Technical University
Published: May 2021

Alkoxyiodination of 1-vinyl-4-organylbenzenes with 2-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and crystalline iodine in the presence of clinoptilolite (NaK) 4CaAl6Ci30O72 leads to allyl b-iodoethers in high yields which in the presence of heteropolyacids are converted into substituted 1,4 -dioxane.
POLARIZATION STUDIES OF STEEL IN THE PRESENCE OF SYNERGETIC MIXTURES BASED ON INORGANIC OXIDIZERS AND MONOETHANOLAMINE IN SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Acad. M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry  of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Verdiev S.Ch. , Dzhafarova S.Z. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Economics,   Acad. G. Abdullayev Institute of Physics of the National Academy  of Sciences of Azerbaijan
Published: May 2021

Polarization studies have shown that the effect of inhibitors containing inorganic oxidants and monoethanolamine reduces the corrosion rate of steel in 3% NaCl. This decrease unambiguously indicates a simultaneous slowing down of the cathodic reduction of molecular oxygen and the anodic reaction of metal ionization. Based on the studies carried out, it was concluded that the developed mixtures function as mixed –type inhibitors
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE ELECTRODEPOSITION PROCESS OF BISMUTH-SELENIUM SYSTEM
Authors:   M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NASA of Azerbaijan, Javadova S.P. , Majidzade V.A. ,   M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NASA of Azerbaijan, Aliyev G.S. ,   M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NASA of Azerbaijan, Aliyev A.Sh. ,   M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NASA of Azerbaijan, Tagiyev D.B. ,   M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NASA of Azerbaijan
Published: May 2021

Данная работа посвящена изучению математической модели для оптимизации процесса получения тонких пленок Bi-Se электрохимическим методом. Исследование проводилось потенциодинамическим, потенциостатическим и гальваностатическим методами, в различных условиях на Pt и Ni электродах. Математические расчеты были выполнены в программном пакете с использованием специально разработанного для этого процесса программного обеспечения. С изучением влияний различных факторов (концентрации исходных компонентов, температуры, плотности тока и т.д.) были выбраны оптимальный режим электролиза и состав электролита для процесса совместного осаждения. По этим результатам для будущих целей были назначены критерии Снедоккора и Фишера и оценены коэффициенты регрессии. Полученное уравнение регрессии определяет содержание электролита и условия электролиза, которое позволяет осаждать сплав Bi-Se, содержащий в составе необходимое количество Bi.
PREPARATION OF XEROGEL OF SILICON DIOXIDE BY ACID HYDROLYSIS OF TETRAETHOXYSILANE AND STUDY INTO ITS SORPTION PROPERTIES
Authors:   Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Ecology, Dagestan State University, Ammaeva Sh.G. , Isaev A.B. ,   Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Ecology, Dagestan State University, Kharlamova T.A. ,   Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, Moscow State Regional University
Published: May 2021

Из тетраэтоксисилана (ТЭОС) методом кислотного гидролиза был синтезирован ксерогель диоксида кремния и исследована его адсорбционная способность по отношению к ионам Cu2+. Изучено элементный состав и морфология полученного образца ксерогеля. Рентгенофазовым анализом и сканирующей электронной микроскопии показана высокопористая структура и чистота полученного ксерогеля. Адсорбционные свойства образца ксерогеля по отношению к ионам Cu2+ изучены на модельных медьсодержащих растворах. Исследовано влияние рН, времени контакта адсорбента с адсорбатом и температуры на адсорбционные характеристики ксерогеля. Показано, что оптимальными значениями для извлечения ионов Cu2+ являются рН 4-8 и температура не выше 40оС. С ростом температуры на градус в диапазоне температур 20о- 40оС, степень адсорбции ионов Сu2+ на ксерогеле диоксида кремния увеличивается в среднем на 0.45 % . Максимальная адсорбционная емкость ионов Cu2+ при оптимальных условиях, составила 67.5 мг/г. При повышении концентрации и увеличении времени сорбции степень извлечения ионов возрастает, что находится в соответствии с изотермой сорбции Ленгмюра.
STUDY INTO INHIBITOR-BIOCIDAL PROPERTIES OF ACETATE AND CHLORIDE SALTS OF TRANS- (2 - ((1H-BENZO [D] [1,2,3] TRIAZOL-1-YL) METHYL)) -1,3-DIOXALAN-4-YL) METHYL BENZOATE
Authors:   Oilgasscientificresearchproject Institute, Azerbaijan, Hasanova U.E. , Sultanov E.F. ,   Oilgasscientificresearchproject Institute, Azerbaijan, Valiyev F.Q. ,   Oilgasscientificresearchproject Institute, Azerbaijan, Shabanova Z.A. ,   Oilgasscientificresearchproject Institute, Azerbaijan
Published: May 2021

Benzotriazol əsasında sintez edilmiş trans-(2-((1H-benzo [1,2,3] triazol-1-il) metil) -1,3-dioksalan-4-il) metil benzoatın sirkə (DQ-I) və xlorid turşusu (DQ-II) ilə duzları hazırlanmış, onların fiziki-kimyəvi xassələri öyrənilmiş və müxtəlif qatılıqlarda həm biosid həm də, hidrogen sulfid korroziyasına qarşı təsirləri öyrənilmişdir. Müəyyən olunmuşdur ki, hər iki reagent 15mq/l qatılıqda sulfatreduksiyaedici bakteriyalar (SRB), karbohidrogen oksidləşdirici bakteriyalar (KOB) və dəmir bakteriyalarına (FeB) qarşı 100%, hidrogen sulfid korroziyasına qarşı isə 77% mühafizə effekti göstərmişdir.
Perceptions of coastal villagers on the non-market goods and services of mangroves in Cagayan province, Philippines
Authors: Ballad Emma Legaspi , Mangabat Cecilia Balagtas
Published: May 2021

Household survey interviews were conducted to randomly selected 280 respondents in order to understand the socio-economic profile and livelihood structures of coastal villagers, as well as to evaluate the extent of their knowledge of, awareness of, and participation in mangrove rehabilitation projects in Cagayan Province, Philippines. The perceptions of the respondents of the non-market goods and services (i.e., the indirect and non-use values) of mangroves were evaluated through the use of proxy attitudinal statements. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were fishers, which confirmed that the households depended largely on coastal resources for their livelihoods. The respondents were from low-income households, with most of them below the poverty threshold level for the province. Despite this, the respondents displayed high levels of awareness and knowledge of mangroves in the area. The results further showed that the respondents recognized the value of protecting and preserving the mangrove ecosystem; however, there was an exposition of disagreement for statements that contained the phrases “pay”, “cost”, or “money”. This result inferred that respondents were reasonably sensitive with regards to conservation when it involves monetary payment, given their socio-economic conditions. Nevertheless, the possibility that contributions could be in-kind could be explored for further studies. The information generated from this study is an input to future valuation researches in the area.
Employment Status of Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering Graduates at the University of Antique, Philippines
Authors: Galicia Peter Ralph B. , Samillano Rowen M.
Published: May 2021

Quality maritime graduates attract better employment opportunities. This descriptive survey study aimed at determining the employment status of Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering (BSMarE) graduates of the University of Antique from 2013 - 2016 as the basis for proposing an action plan. The descriptive survey research method was used in this study. A Commission on Higher Education (CHED) graduate tracer survey was adopted and modified to ensure appropriateness in the maritime setting. The computer-processed statistics used were weighted means, frequency counts, and rank for descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that, generally, the BSMarE graduates were dominated by males, 24 years and older, and who graduated in 2013. The majority of the graduates were employed in 2014 and 2016 as contractual workers. A large number of the graduates were enlisted with the help of the university's career and placement officer. Opportunity for career growth, salary, benefits, and the job-related course were their most predominant reasons in applying for the job, while flexible schedule, telecommunication arrangement, and proximity to their residence were the least principal reasons. The majority of the graduates are employed part-time, and most of their employers come from the private sector. Most of the graduates have been working in their current job for between 2 to 3 years. The majority of the graduates are employed in domestic shipping companies and earn between PhP 30,000 - 49,999. The proposed action plan aims to improve the employment rate of BSMarE graduates by enhancing shipboard familiarization, workshop skills training, and engine watchkeeping courses. Further, it improves maritime students' soft and life skills needed in a stressful and prison-like environment like a ship. It revisits the BSMarE curriculum and fully implements Outcome-Based Education in all professional courses. Finally, it provides an enrichment training workshop on teaching strategies and classroom management of maritime instructors.
Physician Beliefs Concerning Structural and Institutional Racism in Health Care
Authors: William Ciurylo, DO  , Carol A. Brenner, PhD  , Victoria Stacey Thieme, DO
Published: May 2021

Perceived discrimination in medical settings remains prevalent within the U.S. health care system. However, the details of these experiences and their associations with perceived quality of care are not well understood. This study evaluates any potential difference in African Americans' systemic health care discrimination and Latinx perceived by African American and Latinx patients and physicians. The New England physician alumni from the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine were sent surveys. Two hundred fifty-one practicing physicians' responses to the 2018 study address their beliefs toward African Americans and Latinx' racism within the health care system. High scores indicate more significant perceived discrimination among these groups. Physicians have lower discriminatory belief scores across gender, patient racial distribution and specialty.
The Osteopathic Approach to Treating Depression in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ravi Chinsky, OMS-III  , Thomas Chan, DO
Published: May 2021

Evidence confirms that children and adolescents can experience the whole spectrum of mood disorders and suffer from the significant morbidity and mortality associated with them. Effective treatment often relies on physicians developing advanced communication skills with their patients. Enhanced communication will help decipher the etiology of the patient’s depression and, in addition to serotonin-regulating medications, will optimize treatment. Osteopathic medicine offers an effective treatment model through osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) because of the inseparability of physical and mental health. Osteopathic medicine takes a holistic view in which somatic, visceral and psychological dysfunction are united. Thus, physicians who incorporate OMT into their practice will help treat psychopathologies, such as depression and its accompanying somatic dysfunctions. This paper discusses the epidemiology of depression, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) depression criteria, screening algorithms, current treatment protocols, osteopathic considerations to treating depression, and lastly, OMT and its role in treatment.
What the Past Has Taught Us: Best Practices for OFPs to Manage Stress During a Virus Outbreak
Authors: Tina Chuong, DO, MMS  , Karen Lazarus, DO, MPH  , Meera Shah, DO, MBA
Published: May 2021

OFPs and other health care professionals experience increased rates of stress, anxiety, fatigue and burnout in the face of pandemics. Historically, this has been observed with other pandemics, such as the influenza pandemic, HIV/AIDS, SARS, H1N1, Ebola virus disease and, more recently, COVID-19. Research about physician wellbeing during prior pandemics has informed recent practices and provides more guidance on how larger health care entities can provide for employees and how physicians can care for themselves. Here, we explore best practices for emotional/spiritual wellbeing, physical wellbeing, maintaining a healthy family life and wellness during a virus outbreak.
Ingrown Toenail Management
Authors: Asma Ghafoor, OMS-IV  , Hamza Paracha, MD  , Zoie Goldstein, DO
Published: May 2021

Ingrown toenails are a common condition in general medicine and dermatology, and they occur when the nail curves inward and pierces the nail fold. Symptoms include pain in the affected toe, erythema and edema. The diagnosis is made clinically and, if left untreated, ingrown toenails can lead to infections and even cellulitis and osteomyelitis. Conservative treatments involve clipping on the spicule and topical antibiotics. However, the mainstay of treatment is matricectomy to reduce the recurrence rate. The risk of ingrown toenail development can be reduced by wearing proper footwear, keeping toenails cut straight and overall foot hygiene. Ingrown toenails can affect various patient populations but are more prevalent in males, young adolescents and pregnant patients. Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, improper toenail clipping and improper footwear. This review explores the clinical manifestations of ingrown toenails, along with their diagnosis and treatment, providing a concise review for physicians to accurately identify and effectively treat patients with ingrown toenails or their resultant complications.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Infant with Negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Antibodies
Authors: Hanna S. Sahhar, MD, FAAP, FACOP  , Karly Derwitz, DO  , Erica Rubin, DO
Published: May 2021

Since the declaration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been an emergence of a new syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. MIS-C is defined by the presence of fever, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure. Knowledge of this syndrome’s presentation and pathophysiology is constantly evolving as more cases are reported in the literature. This case identifies a 3-month-old patient who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies but qualified for MIS-C diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge and through extensive research at the time of diagnosing and reporting this condition to the healthcare authorities, we report the youngest pediatric patient with MIS-C diagnosis. We document this case to contribute to further understanding the variable manifestations of MIS-C and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
ALMANYA TÜRKLERİNDE AİLE KÜLTÜRÜ
Authors: KORKMAZ Mehmet Akif
Published: May 2021

1960’lı yıllarda Almanya’ya başlayan işçi göçü başlangıçta sadece iş bulma ve çalışmayla sınırlıyken 1970’lerde çocuk, eş ve ailelerin bu göçe katılmaları göçün boyutunu sınırlar üstü kültürel etkileşim içinde yerleşmeye ve yeni bir memlekette yurt edinmeye dönüştürmüştür. 1990’lara gelindiğinde Almanya’da yaşayan üç nesil Türkiye’den farklı ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel oluşum geçirmiştir. İki millet arasındaki sosyal ve kültürel davranış kalıplarının farklılıkları Türk gençlerinin Almanlarla etkileşimine engel olurken, kendi milletinden birisiyle evlenme, geleneksel sosyal ağlarını sürdürmek, yemek içmek gibi damak zevklerinden vaz geçmemek gibi bağlar üzerinden Türk kültürü yeni yurtlarında yeni biçimiyle devam etmiştir. Ev süslemeleri, sofra düzeni gibi alanlarda Alman kültüründen daha fazla etkilenilmiştir. Almanya’ya göçen Türkler köken yurtlarının kültür çeşitliliğini burada tanıma fırsatı bulmuşlardır. Karadenizli buradaki Türk komşularından Arap aşını, çiğ köfteyi tanımış; bu ilişkiler bağlamında kendi karalahanasını, pancar yemeklerini onlara tanıtmıştır. Bu kültürel etkileşim hem kendi ailesi içinde hem de sosyal yaşamda devam etmiştir.

Kuzey Ren-Westfalya'daki şehirlerde 1990-2000 yıllarında belli aralıklarla yapılmış bu çalışmada Almanya’da yaşayan Türk ailesi hem âdet icracısı ve taşıyıcısı olarak hem de âdetin objesi olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çeyrek yüzyıl kadar kendi kültür ekolojisinden tamamen farklı bir çevrede gösterilen geleneksel uygulamalar tahlil edilmekte ve Almanya Türk ailesinin kimliğine dair bir model denenmektedir.
Rehabilitation methods for pneumonia, recommendations for patients for self-rehabilitation after illness caused by COVID-19 (part I)
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Nevrycheva E.V. , Kuzmicheva N.E. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai
Published: May 2021

The article contains a description of basic rehabilitation exercise and related guidance for adults who have been hospitalized for severe COVID-19 illness
GUSTAVE LE BON’NUN KİTLELER VE DEVRİM PSİKOLOJİSİNDEKİ DÜŞÜNCE YAPISI
Authors: AKTÜRKOĞLU Mustafa Enes
Published: May 2021

19. yüzyıl ile birlikte kitlenin siyasi alanda bir aktör olarak ortaya çıkmaya başlaması, düşünürlerin kitle kavramını anlamlandırmaya itmiştir. Gustave Le Bon, kitle kavramını psikolojik ve sosyolojik açıdan ele alarak tanımlamaya çalışan düşünürlerden biridir. Yaşadığı yüzyılın siyasi atmosferinde ulus devletlerin kurulma sancılarının hissedildiği dönemde yeni bir politik söylemin ortaya çıkmasında Gustave Le Bon’nun büyük katkısı olmuştur. Le Bon, psikoloji dünyasına sunduğu yeni kavramlarla (kitle, devrim) teorik kısmı ortaya koyarken iddia ettiği kavramları siyasi dünyayı (demokratik rejimleri) anlamlandırmada kullanarak pratik bilgiye dönüştürmüştür. Bu durum Gustave Le Bon’u iyi bir gözlemci vasfı ile birlikte politik bir şahsiyetinin de var olduğunu göstermektedir. Makale çalışmasında Gustave Le Bon’nun, Kitle Psikolojisi ve Devrim Psikolojisi isimli eserleri üzerinden düşünceleri ortaya konmuştur. Kitle kavramının tarifi ve bu tarif zemininden kitle eylemlerinin siyasi açıdan devrimlere etkisi, Le Bon’nun ortaya koyduğu örneklerle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, kitle devrimleri sonucunda demokratik rejimlerin kurulmasını Le Bon’nun fikirleri doğrultusunda değerlendirmeye çalışacaktır.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF EUGENIA POLYANTHA WIGHT WITH CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE NON-TOXIGENIC
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Murbarani Ivita , Isbandiati Endang ,   Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Puspitasari Chrisdina ,   Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a bacteria that causes diphtheria. In recent years, the bacterium is resistant to antibiotics. Eugenia polyantha wight might be a suitable antibiotic alternative as it has antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. The content of the antibacterial compound in Eugenia polyantha wight at specific concentrations is expected to be able to kill the Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the antibacterial effect of Eugenia polyantha wight to Corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxic. Method: Bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha wight) made with maceration method. This research is an experimental study conducted in vitro using a microdilution test on 96 well plates then count value with the streaking method to find out MBC. Results: bactericidal power was quite effective at the concentration of 40%, while at the concentration of 80%-100% has very strong bactericidal power that could destroy the growth of bacteria 99.9%. The higher the concentration of bay leaves extract, the higher the bactericidal power of bacteria Conclusion: Eugenia polyantha wight has an antibacterial effect against Corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxic.
COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME AND NECK RANGE OF MOTION IN OFFICE EMPLOYEES
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Setiawan Christin , Ernawati Titiek ,   Opthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Nugroho Nunung ,   Medical Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University IndonesiaMedical Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: A lot of employees working in front of a computer complaining about some symptoms. Eye and vision problems connected to the prolonged use of a computer are called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) or Digital Eye Strain. One of the symptoms of CVS is neck pain. In comparison, Range of Motion (ROM) is used to determine the ability of joint movements. Aside from that, it can also be used to maintain flexibility and joint mobility. Purpose: To explain the association between Computer Vision Syndrome and the reduction in neck range of Motion in Employees. Method: The type of this research is analytic observational, and the design of this research is Cross-Sectional Study. This research was conducted from Tuesday, 16th July 2019, until Wednesday, 17th July 2019, using CVS-Q and goniometer dy. Results: We collected 156 respondents that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We obtain p=0,02, p <0,05 meaning there is an association between Computer Vision Syndrome and the neck range’s Motion. Conclusion: To conclude, there is an association between Computer Vision Syndrome and the neck range’s Motion.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIMICOTIC EXTRACT OF ETHANOL TEMU KUNCI AND TEMULAWAK ON CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Ekaristy Mergivia , Novita Bernadette ,   Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Angelina Zenia ,   Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Candida albicans are normal flora bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes of humans. Candida albicans are said to be one of the causes of vaginal discharge or fluor albus. Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) are the ingredients of herbal medicines with the potential as an antifungal. Purpose: This study aims to explain the differences in the antifungal effect of the Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) extracts and explain how the combination of Temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlect) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) extracts has an antifungal effect on Candida albicans by using the experimental study of post-test control group design. Method: This study uses the Kirby-Baurer method and then measures the inhibitory zone by using calipers then comparing the inhibition zone of each extract. Results: The research results show no difference in the effectiveness of each extract, and no inhibition zone was found for each extract. Conclusion: This study concludes that the two extracts are not effective against C.albicans.
Mathematical logical intelligences as a predictor of mathematics learning outcomes
Authors: Estri Fadhila Kurnia , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan guna mengetahui prediksi hasil belajar matematika siswa mengacu dari kecerdasan logis matematis serta kecerdasan visual spasial. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif, jenis penelitian korelasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 16 Yogyakarta. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 36 siswa, metode penentuan sampel memakai cluster random sampling. Adapun instrumen yang dipakai guna menghimpun data yaitu skala kecerdasan logis matematis serta visual spasial. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini memakai analisis regresi ganda menggunakan software SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika kecerdasan logis matematis dan visual spasial terbukti sebagai prediktor hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 16 Yogyakarta.
Association of depressive disorders accompanied by sleep deprivation and the severity of the clinical profile of alcohol dependence
Authors: Efremov Ilya Sergeevich , Asadullin Azat Railevich , Akhmetova Elvina Aslyamovna , Nasyrova Regina Faritovna
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of depressive disorders and dyssomnia in patients with alcoholism during the period of 7–30 days of abstinence from alcohol is considered in this article. 255 test subjects were examined, among them there were 198 men and 57 women. The average age was 42,17 ± 7,817 (Median = 42). It was found that dyssomnia and depressive disorders have been widespread in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome and associated with each other. The existence of comorbid depressive disorders of various degree of manifestation or subclinical depression accompanied by sleep disorder is associated with severity of drug withdrawal syndrome and risk of complications of drug withdrawal syndrome by convulsive seizures. It is also possible to classify patients with depressive disorders and insomnia as a group of increased suicidal risk, it demonstrates the necessity of closer medical monitoring of this group of patients.
A clinical case of reoperation with Chiari malformation
Authors: Gilemkhanova Ilmira , Safin Shamil M. , Derevyanko Khristina , Garifullina Nargiza Askatovna
Published: May 2021

Since the active introduction of neuroimaging methods, the prevalence of registered children with craniovertebral anomalies, including the Chiari malformation (CM), has a statistically significant tendency to increase. Minimally invasive surgical interventions are the most acceptable in pediatric neurosurgery, however, currently experience has been accumulated enough that does not confirm the universality of this method, due to the high frequency of reoperations at an older age, as well as a decrease of children’s quality of life in the interoperative periods. Considering the imperfection of treatment strategy mentioned above, the aim of this article was to analyze modern surgical interventions in pediatric and adult neurosurgeons with confirmation of our own results as an example of a clinical case of Chiari malformation in our clinic.
Differential diagnosis of chiasmal-cellular cyst
Authors: Puzakov Nikita Sergeevich , Cherebillo Vladislav Yurievich , Tregubenko Ilya Aleksandrovich , Kozak Evgeniy Igorevich , Ryumina Yuliya Igorevna
Published: May 2021

The clinical symptoms of chiasmal-cellular formations are similar, which significantly complicates its differential diagnostics. The differential diagnostics of chiasmal-cellular cysts, which include colloid cysts, arachnoid cysts, Rathke’s pouch cysts, epidermoid and dermoid cysts, is especially difficult. Nevertheless, an accurate preoperative differential diagnostics of chiasmal-cellular cysts is an important stage of preparation for surgical treatment, which allows determining the surgical tactics in advance, because each group of chiasmal-cellular cysts has its own features of surgical treatment, which significantly reduce the number of complications and minimize the number of recurrences. This study intended to improve the efficiency of diagnostics of the chiasmal-cellular cysts by determining the criteria for its differential diagnostics. 94 patients with chiasmal-cellular cysts and pituitary adenomas were examined and treated in the period of 2009 and 2018 for this purpose. As the most frequent pathology of the chiasmal-cellular area, pituitary adenomas were selected as a comparison group due to the fact that it is often necessary to differentiate chiasmal-cellular cysts with this pathology. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to the nosology of the disease. Clinical picture, laboratory analysis and MRI data were studied in each group. Statistical analysis and comparison of the data obtained among all groups were performed, and it allowed to determine the distinctive diagnostic features incidental to each group. It is possible to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis based on the specific features of differential diagnostics.
Problem of organization of interaction of medical specialists in providing mental health care (results of pilot study)
Authors: Golikova Nataliya Sergeevna , Bershina Anastasiya Nikolaevna , Prisyazhnaya Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: May 2021

The medical mental health care for patients is provided by different specialists: psychiatrists, psychotherapists, social workers, rehabilitation specialists and psychologists. The lack of interdisciplinary cooperation leads to a disconnection of actions of specialists and a decline in the quality of assistance for patients as a result. This issue can be solved by making a professional platform for interaction and exchange of experience of multidisciplinary specialists. By the way, the development of similar educational programs where knowledge from related fields will be included will help to improve mutual understanding, as well as interaction within the framework of cooperation between these specialists.
Zharikov Nikolay in the history of russian psychiatry
Authors: Khritinin D. F. , Maksimova T. N. , Prokhorova S. V. , Novitskaya A .K. , Kuzmina Yu. V.
Published: May 2021

Article on the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor Zharikov N.M.
Sequence-Defined Nanotubes Assembled from IR780-Conjugated Peptoids for Chemophototherapy of Malignant Glioma
Authors: Cai Xiaoli , Wang Mingming , Mu Peng , Jian Tengyue , Liu Dong , Ding Shichao , Luo Yanan , Du Dan , Song Yang , Chen Chun-Long , Lin Yuehe
Published: May 2021

Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced phototherapy through NIR agents has demonstrated the great potential for cancer therapy. However, insufficient tumor killing due to the nonuniform heat or cytotoxic singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
) distribution over tumors from phototherapy results in tumor recurrence and inferior outcomes. To achieve high tumor killing efficacy, one of the solutions is to employ the combinational treatment of phototherapy with other modalities, especially with chemotherapeutic agents. In this paper, a simple and effective multimodal therapeutic system was designed
via
combining chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to achieve the polytherapy of malignant glioma which is one of the most aggressive tumors in the brain. IR-780 (IR780) dye-labeled tube-forming peptoids (PepIR) were synthesized and self-assembled into crystalline nanotubes (PepIR nanotubes). These PepIR nanotubes showed an excellent efficacy for PDT/PTT because the IR780 photosensitizers were effectively packed and separated from each other within crystalline nanotubes by tuning IR780 density; thus, a self-quenching of these IR780 molecules was significantly reduced. Moreover, the efficient DOX loading achieved due to the nanotube large surface area contributed to an efficient and synergistic chemotherapy against glioma cells. Given the unique properties of peptoids and peptoid nanotubes, we believe that the developed multimodal DOX-loaded PepIR nanotubes in this work offer great promises for future glioma therapy in clinic.
Küresel Bir Nükleer Reaktör İçin Ana ve Alternatif Bükülmedeki Değişimlerin Kritik Yarıçapa Etkisi
Authors: GÖKER Ali İhsan
Published: May 2021

Nükleer enerjinin ticari olarak kullanılması nükleer reaktörlerde gerçekleşen kontrollü fisyon reaksiyonu yoluyla mümkün olmaktadır. Fisyon reaksiyonun kontrollü gerçekleşmesi nötron sayısının sabit kalmasına bağlıdır. Buna kritiklik şartı denilmektedir. En basit yaklaşımda, fisyon reaksiyonunu tetikleyen nötronlar düşük enerjili termal nötronlar ve yüksek enerjili hızlı nötronlar olmak üzere enerjilerine göre iki ayrı gruba ayrılabilir. Buna iki gruplu nötron difüzyon teorisi adı verilir. Bu çalışmada, verilen bir reaktör kompozisyonu için kritikliği sağlayan reaktör yarıçapı iki gruplu kritiklik denklemini numerik olarak çözerek tespit edilmiştir. Bu yolla, küresel geometride ana ve alternatif bükülmedeki değişimlerin kritik reaktör yarıçapı üzerindeki etkileri detaylı bir şekilde irdelenmiştir.
Bütünleşik Afet Riski Azaltımı ve İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TUĞAÇ Çiğdem
Published: May 2021

Küresel çapta son yıllarda yaşanan afetlerin sayı, sıklık ve şiddetinde önemli artışlar gözlemlenmektedir. Bu afetler içinde iklim değişikliğiyle ilişkili aşırı hava olaylarına bağlı meteorolojik ve hidrolojik afetlerin sayısındaki artış ise en fazla sayıda ve etki alanı en yüksek olandır. İklim değişikliğinin olumsuz sonuçlarının ülke sınırlarını aşan yapısı ve ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal bağlamdaki etkileri, iklim ile ilişkilendirilen afetlerin beraberinde doğal, biyolojik ve teknolojik afetlerin de ortaya çıkmasını kaçınılmaz kılmaktadır. Bu afetlerden ise çoğunlukla toplumların en kırılgan kesimleri ve mücadele kapasitesi yeterli olmayan gelişmekte olan ülkeler daha fazla etkilenmektedir. Bu sorunlarla etkin bir biçimde mücadele edilmesinde günümüzde bütünleşik afet risk azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum yaklaşımının geliştirilmesine ilişkin çalışmalar giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, birbirinden bağımsız süreçlerde yürütülen afet riski azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum eylemlerine bütünleşik bir yaklaşım geliştirmenin ortaya çıkaracağı sonuçların değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada bütünleşik iklim değişikliğine uyum ve afet riski azaltımı yaklaşımının kaynakların, idari ve beşerî kapasitenin etkin kullanılmasını, ölçek ekonomisi oluşturarak mali kaynakların doğru alanlara yönlendirilmesini sağlayacağı ve BM sözleşmelerinde ve belgelerinde yer alan hedeflerin gerçekleştirilmesi bağlamında önemli faydaları olduğu sonuçları elde edilmiştir.
KİMYANIN EĞLENCELİ DÜNYASININ LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KİMYA KAVRAMLARINI GÜNLÜK HAYATLA İLİŞKİLENDİRMELERİNE VE ALAN TERCİHLERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Nagihan , KÜÇÜK Mehmet , BİRİNCİ KONUR Kader , KURT Sevil , BALAYDIN Halis Türker , MAŞEROĞLU Pınar
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilimsel sorgulamaya dayalı geliştirilmiş eğlenceli kimya etkinliklerinin 10. sınıf öğrencilerinin kimya dersini, günlük hayatla ilişkilendirmelerine, derse olan ilgilerini artırmaya ve 11. sınıfta yapacakları alan tercihlerine etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma, özel bir konu ya da durum üzerinde yoğunlaşma fırsatı veren özel durum (case study) yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, örneklem grubunu derinlemesine araştırabilmek için amaçlı örnekleme yolu izlenmiştir. Ayrıca örneklem, kolay ulaşılabilirlik ilkesinden yola çıkılarak, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki bir il ve ilçelerindeki liselerde 10. sınıfta öğrenim gören 25 tane 10. Sınıf öğrencisi olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada geliştirilen etkinlikler 4 günlük bir program kapsamında yine Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki bir devlet üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesi yerleşkesinde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak, öğrencilerin kimyayı günlük hayatla ilişkilendirme düzeylerini belirlemek için günlük hayatla ilişkilendirme testi (GİT), alan tercih formu ve yansıtıcı günlükler kullanılmıştır. GİT ve alan tercih formu örnekleme, ön test-son test şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca bu süreç kapsamında öğrencilerden, edindikleri bilgi ve deneyimlerin kimya dersine karşı olumlu veya olumsuz düşüncelerine etkisine yönelik yansıtıcı yazılar yazmaları istenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda geliştirilen etkinliklerin öğrencilerin kimyayı günlük hayatla ilişkilendirmelerinde olumlu etkileri olduğu, öğrencilerin uygulama sürecinden zevk aldıkları, derse karşı ilgilerinin arttığını ifade ettikleri ve alan tercih formlarında sayısal bölümleri seçeceklerini belirttikleri belirlenmiştir.
Простір і динаміка рефлексивного мислення: розчарування vs евдемонія
Authors: Liakh Vitalii , Lukashenko Maryna
Published: May 2021

У статті аналізується внутрішній діалог людини з позиції визначення ознак філософського мислення, що здійснюється у станах як кризи, так і щастя. Мета дослідження зумовила вибір тексту, а саме – давньоєгипетського письмового джерела «Розмова розчарованого зі своїм Ба» (ХХІІ–ХХІ ст. до н. е.), в якому зафіксовано внутрішній діалог, і який є одним з перших філософських творів в історії людства. Особлива увага приділяється розумінню рефлексивного мислення античними філософами і сучасними дослідниками. Показано, що повсякденне рефлексивне мислення відрізняється за своїми структурою та властивостями від рефлексивного філософського мислення, яке задає межі рефлексії та ставлення до себе та дійсності. Із виходом з кризи, воно стає звичкою запитування про алгоритм, мотив, призначення та межі застосування отриманих висновків, яка робить відповідь підґрунтям нового питання, що динамічно стверджує людину в набутому стані евдемонії та атараксії.
Рівні самоорганізації свободи як критерії соціального прогресу
Authors: Lyubiviy Yaroslav
Published: May 2021

Важливою характеристикою самоорганізаційної еволюції складних систем, починаючи від неорганічних, продовжуючи до органічних і завершуючи соціальними, є зростання потенціалу свободи. Ця динаміка розвитку, що набирає прискорення, продовжується в еволюції соціальних систем. Найбільш помітною названа динаміка стає у біфуркаційних періодах соціальних трансформацій. Два таких трансформаційних переходів суспільства відбулися у доцивілізаційний час. Це Когнітивна революція та Неолітична (аграрна) революція (Ю. Н. Харарі). Два інші радикальні трансформації соціуму відбулися вже після виникнення цивілізацій, які можна назвати цивілізаційними трансформаціями. Це «осьовий час» та Індустріальна революція. Аграрна революція та Індустріальна революція створили матеріально-технологічні умови суттєвого нарощування свободи людини у зовнішніх її проявах. Аграрна революція сприяла виробленню достатньої кількості харчу для зростаючого населення та створенню цивілізованих форм життя. Індустріальна революція створила матеріальні засоби для достатнього життєзабезпечення та розвитку людини, збільшення ресурсу вільного часу й створення умов для свободи творчості. Індустріальна революція стала можливою у передових країнах світу, які спромоглися забезпечити низку соціально-організаційних інновацій. Н. Фергюсон такими інноваціями вважає конкуренцію, науку, власність, медицину, споживання, працю. Решта світу швидше засвоює технологічні результати та переваги більш прогресивного способу життя, однак дещо повільніше оволодіває людськими якостями та відповідними інноваційними суспільними відносинами, необхідними для створення зазначених людиновимірних досягнень цивілізації. С. Пінкер засвідчує, що решта світу у найважливіших соціальних і економічних показниках наздоганяє високоцивілізовані країни у темпах значно вищих, ніж останні розвивалися у період від початку Індустріальної революції, створюючи умови для подальшої вільної самореалізації людини. Когнітивна революція та, особливо, «осьовий час» створили рефлексивний духовно-культурний інструментарій для розширення горизонтів свободи людини на внутрішньому її плані – у сфері свідомості. Наразі у світі на глобальному рівні відбувається цивілізаційна трансформація, що співвимірна із зазначеними вище. Ця трансформація відбувається як на зовнішньому плані – у сфері технологій, так і у внутрішньому – у сфері свідомості. Останнє полягає у формуванні інституціоналізованої рефлексії другого порядку – цілеспрямованим управлінням рефлексивними процесами, нарощуванням їх ієрархічної складності та підвищенням їх ефективності.