bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Automatic V6 and V8 Engine Sound Detection Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Vincent Wenny , Winda Astuti , Iwan Solihin Mahmud
Published: November 2019

The sound of V6 or V8 engines has its own cultural appeal that cannot be replaced by the modern four-cylinder naturally aspirated or turbocharged engines. The identification of the type of engine by the sound is not an easy task, even for the professionals. An intelligent system that can identify V6 to V8 engines from various cars will give an insight of the features in the engine sounds that characterized the two different engines. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is applied for identifying cylinder of the engine based on the engine sound identification is proposed. The recorded sound of the engine is then processed in order to get some features which later be used in the proposed system. The Fast Fourir Transform (FFT) is adopted as a feature and later used as input to the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based identifier. The Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent automatic six cylinder and eight cylinder engine based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), since it resulting the training and testing accuracy of 100 % and 100 %, respectively.
Effect of Various Supercharger Boost Pressure to in-Cylinder Pressure and Heat Release Rate Characteristics of Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Various Engine Rotation
Authors: Anggono Willyanto , Ikoma Wataru , Chen Haoyu , Liu Zhiyuan , Ichiyanagi Mitsuhisa , Suzuki Takashi
Published: November 2019

The diesel engines are superior in terms of power efficiency and fuel economy compared to gasoline engines. In order to optimize the performance of direct injection diesel engine, the effect of various intake pressure (boost pressure) from supercharging direct injection diesel engine was studied at various engine rotation. A single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was used in this experiment. The bore diameter of the engine used was set to 85 mm, the stroke length was set to 96.9 mm, and the compression ratio was set to 16.3. The variation of engine rotation started from 800 rpm to 2 000 rpm with 400 rpm increment. The variation of boost pressure is bounded from 0 kPa boost pressure (naturally aspirated) to the maximum of 60 kPa boost pressure with 20 kPa boost pressure increment. The performance of the engine is evaluated in terms of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate as the most important performance characteristics of the diesel engine. The in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of direct injection diesel engine are increased with the elevation of boost pressure at various engine rotation. The raise of engine rotation resulted in the decrease of maximum in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Laminar Burning Velocities of Artificial Biogas Under Various Pressure and CO2 Concentration
Authors: Anggono Willyanto , Hayakawa Akihiro , Okafor Ekenechukwu C. , Gotama Gabriel Jeremy
Published: November 2019

As a renewable and sustainable fuel made from digestion facility, biogas is composed predominantly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 in biogas strongly affects its combustion characteristics. In order to develop efficient combustors for biogas, fundamental flame characteristics of biogas require extensive investigation. In understanding the influence of CO2 concentration and mixture pressure on biogas combustion, the effects of CO2 concentration on the laminar burning velocity of methane/air mixtures were studied at different pressures. The studies were conducted using both numerical and experimental methods. The experiment was conducted using a constant volume high pressure combustion chamber. The propagating flames were recorded with a high speed digital camera by employing Schlieren photography technique. The numerical simulation was carried by utilizing CHEMKIN-PRO with GRI-Mech 3.0 employed as the chemical kinetics model. The results show that the laminar burning velocity of methane-air mixtures decreased with an increase in CO2 concentration and mixture pressure. Therefore, the burning velocity of biogas mixtures may decrease as the amount of CO2 in the gas increases.
Effect of Key User Empowerment, Purchasing Strategy, Process Integration,Production System to Operational Performance
Authors: Jiwa Husada Tarigan Zeplin , Siagian Hotlan , Ronni Basana Sautma , Jie Ferry
Published: November 2019

This study examines the influence of key user empowerment on the operational performance through the mediating role of process integration, purchasing strategy and production system. The questionnaires were distributed to 120 manufacturing companies domiciled in East Java Region. Of the 120, 70 questionnaires are valid for further analysis. Data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3.0. The finding are as follows: Key user empowerment affects the process integration. Key user empowerment influence the purchasing strategy. Process integration affects the purchasing. Process integration also influence the production system. Purchasing strategy provide support in the company's production system. Process Integration affects the company's operational performance. Purchasing strategy does not affect the operational performance. Purchasing strategy has an impact on company performance through a production system. The production system provides an increasein company performance. In summary, the key user empowerment has a direct and indirect impact on operational performance through process integration, purchasing strategy, and the production system. This study enriches the current research in supply chain management and provide an insight for the manager in improving the operational performance.
Low cross-taxon congruence among aquatic organisms in artificial tropical ponds: implications for biomonitoring
Authors: Carneiro Fernanda Melo , de Souza João Paulo Francisco , Silva Karina Dias , Nogueira Denis Silva , Bichsel David , Pinto Nelson Silva , de Oliveira Arthur A. Bispo , Carvalho Priscilla , Bastos Rogério Pereira , Oertli Beat , De Marco Paulo
Published: November 2019

The use of biodiversity surrogates is often suggested to increase the cost-effectiveness of biomonitoring programs, as this demands less time and taxonomic expertise. In addition, the detection of multi-taxon associations is a first step toward a better understanding of how organisms interact with each other. Such a multi-taxon association is termed a congruence, and can be detected through measuring the similarity in the distributional patterns shown by different biological groups. To assess the ability of different taxa to serve as surrogates for others, we carried out a Procrustes analysis on the beta diversity patterns of seven biological groups (aquatic birds, Amphibians, Macrophytes, Coleoptera, Odonata, Heteroptera and phytoplankton) in 35 ponds of the Cerrado biome. We found that: (i) the values of congruence in the studied ponds were weak; (ii) among all the biological groups compared, the highest congruence was found between amphibians and macrophytes; (iii) amphibians were congruent with the Coleoptera, Heteroptera, and macrophytes; (iv) the different taxa studied had different responses to environmental conditions; and (v) although they showed relatively weak congruence with the other taxa in each pond environment, amphibian communities were the most strongly influenced by environment variables. Almost all the communities observed in these systems showed unique pattern and thus should be studied and monitored in their entirety.
Einfluss einer lokalen Insufflation von befeuchtetem und erwärmtem CO2 auf die Wundoberflächen- und Körperkerntemperatur sowie auf die Wundheilung in der offenen Kolorektalchirurgie
Authors: Kalev Georgi , Egglseder Thomas , Marquardt Christoph , Schiedeck Thomas
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund Eine perioperative Hypothermie kann die Ursache vieler schwerwiegender Komplikationen, insbesondere Wundinfektionen, darstellen. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss einer lokalen Insufflation von angewärmtem, angefeuchtetem Kohlendioxid (feucht-warm-CO2) während offener Kolorektalchirurgie auf die Körperkern- und Wundoberflächentemperatur sowie die Rate an Wundheilungsstörungen (WHS).

Methode Zwischen 02/2018 und 07/2019 wurden 50 Patienten zur offenen Resektion bei Kolon- oder Rektumkarzinom rekrutiert und in eine Kontroll- (n = 25) sowie in eine Experimentalgruppe (n = 25) randomisiert. In der Experimentalgruppe wurde eine Vorrichtung zur Insufflation von feucht-warm-CO2 in die Operationswunde verwendet. Erfasst wurden die Körperkern- sowie die Wundoberflächentemperatur. Das Serum-IL-6 wurde im Verlauf sequenziell bestimmt. Die klinische Beobachtung der Wundheilung reichte bis zum 30. postoperativen Tag.

Ergebnisse In der Kontrollgruppe lag die Körperkerntemperatur im Median (1. Quartil/3. Quartil) zu Beginn des Eingriffs bei 36,2 °C (36/36,4 °C) und am OP-Ende bei 36,2 °C (35,9/36,45 °C), während sie in der Experimentalgruppe initial bei 36,2 °C (35,7/36,4 °C) und am OP-Ende bei 36,4 °C (36/36,7 °C) lag. Hier ergab sich kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied (p = 0,08). Die mittlere Wundoberflächentemperatur sank in der Kontrollgruppe von 32,8 °C (Median; 31,85/34,05 °C) auf 30,7 °C (Median; 29,85/32,15 °C) ab. In der Experimentalgruppe war ein Rückgang von 31,9 °C (Median; 30,25/32,95 °C) auf 31,6 °C (Median; 30,25/31,85 °C) zu verzeichnen. Dies bedeutet einen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied (p = 0,000475). Die Dynamik des Serum-IL-6 ergab keinen signifikanten Unterschied (p = 0,66; p = 0,88; p = 0,88). In der Kontrollgruppe traten bei 8 Patienten eine oberflächliche WHS sowie 2 Anastomoseninsuffizienzen (AI) auf, während in der Experimentalgruppe 5-mal eine WHS sowie eine AI beobachtet wurde. Die Unterschiede waren für alle WHS nicht signifikant (p = 0,42).

Schlussfolgerung Die bereits etablierten Maßnahmen zur Vorbeugung der perioperativen Hypothermie bei elektiven Eingriffen können als ausreichend erachtet werden. Die lokale Wundoberflächentemperatur bleibt dabei allerdings unbeeinflusst. Die Verwendung von intraoperativer Gasinsufflation mit feucht-warm-CO2 kann zur Aufrechterhaltung der lokalen Normothermie beitragen. Größere Studien sollten die Frage nach einer signifikanten Wirkung dieses Verfahrens auf die postoperative Wundheilung beantworten.
Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism after Neurotologic Surgery
Authors: Ali Noor-E-Seher , Alyono Jennifer C. , Song Yohan , Kouhi Ali , Blevins Nikolas H.
Published: November 2019

Objective This study aimed to determine the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults undergoing neurotologic surgery at a single center.

Methods The records of adults undergoing neurotologic surgery from August 2009 to December 2016 at a tertiary care hospital were reviewed for VTE within 30 postoperative days. Particular attention was focused on postoperative diagnosis codes, imaging, and a keyword search of postoperative notes. Caprini risk scores were calculated.

Results Among 387 patients, 5 experienced postoperative VTE including 3 cases of pulmonary embolism (PE) and 2 cases of isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT). All patients were given sequential compression devices perioperatively, and none received preoperative chemoprophylaxis. Patients with Caprini score > 8 had a significantly higher rate of VTE compared with those < 8 (12.5 vs. 1%, p = 0.004). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the Caprini risk assessment model to be a fair predictor of VTE, with a C-statistic of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.92).

Conclusion While no specific validated VTE risk stratification scheme has been widely accepted for patients undergoing neurotologic surgery, the Caprini score appears to be a useful predictor of risk. The benefits of chemoprophylaxis should be balanced with the risks of intraoperative bleeding, as well as the potential for postoperative intracranial hemorrhage.
Laboratory setup for extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography driven by a high-harmonic source
Authors: Nathanael Jan , Wünsche Martin , Fuchs Silvio , Weber Thomas , Abel Johann J. , Reinhard Julius , Wiesner Felix , Hübner Uwe , Skruszewicz Slawomir J. , Paulus Gerhard G. , Rödel Christian
Published: November 2019

We present a laboratory beamline dedicated to nanoscale subsurface imaging using extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography (XCT). In this setup, broad-bandwidth extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation is generated by a laser-driven high-harmonic source. The beamline is able to handle a spectral range of 30–130 eV and a beam divergence of 10 mrad (full width at half maximum). The XUV radiation is focused on the sample under investigation, and the broadband reflectivity is measured using an XUV spectrometer. For the given spectral window, the XCT beamline is particularly suited to investigate silicon-based nanostructured samples. Cross-sectional imaging of layered nanometer-scale samples can be routinely performed using the laboratory-scale XCT beamline. A depth resolution of 16 nm has been achieved using the spectral range of 36–98 eV which represents a 33% increase in resolution due to the broader spectral range compared to previous work.
Chaotic dynamics as a mechanism of rapid transition of hippocampal local field activity between theta and non-theta states
Authors: Tokuda Keita , Katori Yuichi , Aihara Kazuyuki
Published: November 2019

We propose a dynamical model of the local hippocampal circuit realizing the transition between the theta and non-theta states. We model the interaction between hippocampal local rhythm generators and the external periodic input from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB). With our model, bifurcation of the nonlinear dynamics serves as a mechanism that realizes two distinctive oscillations in the hippocampus, where the amplitude of the oscillatory input from the MS-DBB works as a bifurcation parameter. We model the network of the hippocampal interneurons with a network of simple class 1 neuron models connected mutually with gap junctions. The model neurons exhibit highly synchronous periodic oscillations under the existence of an external force from the MS-DBB, just as the real hippocampus shows theta oscillation under the rhythmic input from the MS-DBB. The model shows diffusion-induced chaotic dynamics under an aperiodic MS-DBB activity, just as the large amplitude irregular activity appears following the disappearance of the rhythmicity of the MS-DBB neurons in the real brain. The model is consistent with both previous experimental findings reporting the existence of local rhythm generators in the hippocampus and the executive role of the MS-DBB in synchronizing theta oscillation in vivo. Our model also replicates the traveling waves of theta oscillations in two-dimensionally coupled networks.
The nonmodal kinetic theory for the electrostatic instabilities of a plasma with a sheared Hall current
Authors: Mikhailenko V. V. , Mikhailenko V. S. , Lee H. J.
Published: November 2019

The kinetic theory for the instabilities driven by the Hall current with a sheared current velocity, which has the method of the shearing modes or the so-called nonmodal approach as its foundation, is developed. The developed theory predicts that in the Hall plasma with the inhomogeneous electric field, the separate spatial Fourier mode of the perturbations is determined in the frame convected with one of the plasma components. Because of the different shearing of the ion and electron flows in the Hall plasma, this mode is perceived by the second component as the Doppler-shifted continuously sheared mode with time-dependent wave numbers. Due to this effect, the interaction of the plasma components forms the nonmodal time-dependent process, which should be investigated as the initial value problem. The developed approach is applied to the solutions of the linear initial value problems for the hydrodynamic modified two-stream instability and the kinetic ion-sound instability of the plasma with a sheared Hall current with a uniform velocity shear. These solutions reveal that the uniform part of the current velocity is responsible for the modal evolution of the instability, whereas the current velocity shear is the source of the development of the nonmodal instability with exponent growing with time as ∼(t−t0)3.
High-order harmonic generation using quasi-phase matching and two-color pump in the plasmas containing molecular and alloyed metal sulfide quantum dots
Authors: Ganeev Rashid A. , Boltaev Ganjaboy S. , Kim Vyacheslav V. , Venkatesh Mottamchetty , Zvyagin Andrey I. , Smirnov Michail S. , Ovchinnikov Oleg V. , Wöstmann Michael , Zacharias Helmut , Guo Chunlei
Published: November 2019

As high-order harmonic emitters, quantum dots are produced through laser-induced plasmas. Subsequently, we generate high-order harmonics with 800-nm and 30-fs pulses from laser-produced plasmas containing quantum dots of different metal sulfides (Ag2S, CdS, and Cd0.5Zn0.5S). The high-order harmonic generation is analyzed using different approaches, including two-color (800 nm + 400 nm) pump, application of alloyed quantum dots, and quasiphase matching of interacting waves. We discuss the self-phase modulation induced splitting of harmonics, the difference in the application of thick and thin crystals for second harmonic (400 nm) emission during two-color pumping of the quantum dot plasma, the spatial modulation of the quantum dot plasma for quasiphase matching, and the comparison of harmonic yields from monomer and quantum dot plasmas. This study allows us to determine the mechanisms of coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation generation using a few nanometer-sized emitters as well as optimal methods for further enhancing the high-order harmonic generation efficiency.
Single shot high bandwidth laser plasma probe
Authors: Ludwig J. D. , Michel P. , Chapman T. , Belyaev M. A. , Rozmus W.
Published: November 2019

A novel scheme to probe a plasma's ion acoustic resonances in single shot high-bandwidth pump-probe experiments is proposed. Our design utilizes concepts similar to smoothing by spectral dispersion; however, we propose a method of applying the bandwidth to the probe that avoids the effects of angular dispersion. Theoretical modeling and fluid simulations of the interaction are presented and compared. The results show the possibility of recovering a plasma's full complex index of refraction in a single shot pump-probe experiment. This wavelength dependent refractive index is directly related to the plasma's particle distribution function and can be used to recover plasma parameters including electron and ion temperatures, electron density, and plasma flow velocity.
Spin number dependent dissipative coupling strength
Authors: Yu C. H. , Yang Y. , Rao J. W. , Hyde P. , Wang Yi-Pu , Zhang B. , Gui Y. S. , Hu C.-M.
Published: November 2019

A system consisting of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere coupled to a 1D circular-rectangular cavity is tuned between level repulsion and attraction by rotating the angular position of the YIG sphere within the cavity. The dominance of coherent or dissipative coupling mechanisms was determined, and the coupling strength was deduced by fitting the transmission spectra. By changing the diameter of the YIG sphere from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm, we confirm that the N scaling of coherent coupling strength is also applicable in dissipative coupling. A large YIG sphere leads to an enhanced coupling strength that is useful for information processing. Alternatively, a small YIG sphere results in a narrow transition regime, which may be helpful for identifying the dissipative coupling dominated regime and providing insight into the physical origin of dissipative coupling.
Structure design and analysis of RF ion source for negative ion source test facility
Authors: Gu Yuming , Xie Yahong , Wei Jianglong , Xu Yongjian , Li Jun , Jiang Caichao , Liang Lizhen , Xie Yuanlai , Hu Chundong
Published: November 2019

A negative ion source acts as a critical part in a neutral beam injector (NBI). A high current ion source is required for the high-power NBI. In this paper, a prototype radio frequency (RF) ion source and its test facility are developed in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to demonstrate the key technology of the high power negative ion source. The structure design of the RF negative ion source is presented, involving the designs of the ion source plasma generator and accelerator. The detailed structure design and analysis of the key parts of the ion source are also presented, such as the Faraday shield (FS) and accelerator grids. The fluid-thermal-structural coupling characteristics of the FS and grid are explored with different mechanisms of fluid pressure, RF power, and the structure type on the thermal stress. Then, the processing and manufacturing scheme of the FS and grids are also given. Finally, the results were presented with a manufactured three cooling channel FS. The experimental results prove that the developed structure design of the RF ion source is effective and reliable, and the correctness of finite element analysis is also verified by experimental data comparison.
Space-time correlations of velocity in a Mach 0.9 turbulent round jet
Authors: Zhang Peng-Jun-Yi , Wan Zhen-Hua , Sun De-Jun
Published: November 2019

In a turbulent jet, the numerical investigation of space-time correlations C(r, τ) at two-point and two-time of streamwise fluctuating velocities is presented along the nozzle lipline. Large-eddy simulation (LES) is performed for a Mach 0.9 turbulent jet issuing from a round nozzle. The turbulent boundary layer is well developed at the nozzle outlet, upon the inner wall, by adopting synthetic turbulent inlet boundary conditions. We study the cross correlations of streamwise fluctuating velocities at three particular streamwise positions, i.e., x = 0.71, 7.03, and 34.47r0, corresponding to different stages of jet development, where r0 is the radius of the nozzle. Present results show that the classical Taylor’s frozen-flow model is unable to predict C(r, τ) accurately in this strongly spatially developing shear flow since the distortion of the flow pattern is missing. The isocorrelation contours of C(r, τ) show a clearly elliptical feature, which is found to be well predicted by the elliptic approximation (EA) model [G.-W. He and J.-B. Zhang, “Elliptic model for space-time correlations in turbulent shear flows,” Phys. Rev. E 73, 055303 (2006)]. According to the EA model, C(r, τ) has a scaling form of C(rE, 0) with two characteristic velocities U and V, i.e., rE = (r − Uτ)2 + V2τ2. By examining LES data, it is found that the characteristic velocity U determined in LES is in general consistent with the theoretical Ut in the EA model, while the trend of V in LES also matches with that of the theoretical Vt. Additionally, it is interesting that the ratio of V to Vt is approximately a constant V/Vt ≃ 1.3 in the turbulent jet.
Molybdenum threshold for ecosystem scale alternative vanadium nitrogenase activity in boreal forests
Authors: Darnajoux Romain , Magain Nicolas , Renaudin Marie , Lutzoni François , Bellenger Jean-Philippe , Zhang Xinning
Published: November 2019

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by microorganisms associated with cryptogamic covers, such as cyanolichens and bryophytes, is a primary source of fixed nitrogen in pristine, high-latitude ecosystems. On land, low molybdenum (Mo) availability has been shown to limit BNF by the most common form of nitrogenase (Nase), which requires Mo in its active site. Vanadium (V) and iron-only Nases have been suggested as viable alternatives to countering Mo limitation of BNF; however, field data supporting this long-standing hypothesis have been lacking. Here, we elucidate the contribution of vanadium nitrogenase (V-Nase) to BNF by cyanolichens across a 600-km latitudinal transect in eastern boreal forests of North America. Widespread V-Nase activity was detected (∼15–50% of total BNF rates), with most of the activity found in the northern part of the transect. We observed a 3-fold increase of V-Nase contribution during the 20-wk growing season. By including the contribution of V-Nase to BNF, estimates of new N input by cyanolichens increase by up to 30%. We find that variability in V-based BNF is strongly related to Mo availability, and we identify a Mo threshold of ∼250 ng·g
lichen
−1
for the onset of V-based BNF. Our results provide compelling ecosystem-scale evidence for the use of the V-Nase as a surrogate enzyme that contributes to BNF when Mo is limiting. Given widespread findings of terrestrial Mo limitation, including the carbon-rich circumboreal belt where global change is most rapid, additional consideration of V-based BNF is required in experimental and modeling studies of terrestrial biogeochemistry.
A high-affinity human PD-1/PD-L2 complex informs avenues for small-molecule immune checkpoint drug discovery
Authors: Tang Shaogeng , Kim Peter S.
Published: November 2019

Immune checkpoint blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) by monoclonal antibody drugs has delivered breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer. Nonetheless, small-molecule PD-1 inhibitors could lead to increases in treatment efficacy, safety, and global access. While the ligand-binding surface of apo-PD-1 is relatively flat, it harbors a striking pocket in the murine PD-1/PD-L2 structure. An analogous pocket in human PD-1 may serve as a small-molecule drug target, but the structure of the human complex is unknown. Because the CC′ and FG loops in murine PD-1 adopt new conformations upon binding PD-L2, we hypothesized that mutations in these two loops could be coupled to pocket formation and alter PD-1’s affinity for PD-L2. Here, we conducted deep mutational scanning in these loops and used yeast surface display to select for enhanced PD-L2 binding. A PD-1 variant with three substitutions binds PD-L2 with an affinity two orders of magnitude higher than that of the wild-type protein, permitting crystallization of the complex. We determined the X-ray crystal structures of the human triple-mutant PD-1/PD-L2 complex and the apo triple-mutant PD-1 variant at 2.0 Å and 1.2 Å resolution, respectively. Binding of PD-L2 is accompanied by formation of a prominent pocket in human PD-1, as well as substantial conformational changes in the CC′ and FG loops. The structure of the apo triple-mutant PD-1 shows that the CC′ loop adopts the ligand-bound conformation, providing support for allostery between the loop and pocket. This human PD-1/PD-L2 structure provide critical insights for the design and discovery of small-molecule PD-1 inhibitors.
‘I have not time to say more at present’
Authors: McCafferty Kevin
Published: November 2019

Lexical or stative possesssive have has been negated in five ways. Alongside ancient nominal negation (I have no
NP) and a newer variant with got (I have got no NP), three verbal negation strategies are found.
Bare negation (I have not NP) is the oldest of these, but has ceded ground over the last two centuries to an American-driven
innovation using do-support (I don’t have NP) and a British innovation with got (I haven’t
got NP). The Corpus of Irish English Correspondence (CORIECOR) allows us to study variation and change in the use
of these variants from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. The analysis shows do-support was added to the Irish English
repertoire in this period, but in the early twentieth century it remained rare in Irish English; bare negation persisted as the most robust
verbal negation strategy; the got variants occurred only sporadically. Strong maintenance of bare negation and nominal
negation with have no indicates that Irish English was a solidly conservative variety in this area of the grammar well into the
twentieth century.
The Cinematic Novel and Postmodern Pop Fiction
Authors: Cruz Décio Torres
Published: November 2019

Décio Torres Cruz approaches connections between literature and cinema partly through issues of gender and identity, and partly through issues of reality and representation. In doing so, he looks at the various ways in which people have thought of the so-called cinematic novel, tracing the development of that genre concept not only in the French ciné-roman and film scenarios but also in novels from the United States, England, France, and Latin America. The main tendency he identifies is the blending of the cinematic novel with pop literature, through allusions to Pop Art and other postmodern cultural trends. His prime exhibits are a number of novels by the Argentinian writer Manuel Puig: Betrayed by Rita Hayworth; Heartbreak Tango; The Buenos Aires Affair; Kiss of the Spider Woman; and Pubis angelical. Bringing in suggestive sociocultural and psychoanalytical considerations, Cruz shows how, in Puig’s hands, the cinematic novel resulted in a pop collage of different texts, films, discourses, and narrative devices which fused reality and imagination into dream and desire.
On the partial productivity of constructions
Authors: Tian Zhen
Published: November 2019

The productive schema of a grammatical construction allows speakers to produce creative utterances. However, the fact that constructions tend to be partially but not fully productive has puzzled scholars for decades. This chapter analyzes the partial productivity of a highly productive construction – the Chinese zhe Existential Construction, in particular the collostructional strength (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2003) between verbs and this construction. Findings suggest that there is a blending of scenes in the use of transitive verbs in this construction and the semantic constraints limiting new instances lie in the relative salience of the following participant roles in verb semantics – theme, patient and location. Verbs with the profiled role of agent or experiencer are not compatible with this construction.
Types of negatives and the noun-verb distinction in English and Chinese
Authors: Shen Jiaxuan
Published: November 2019

In this study, it is claimed that, unlike in Chinese, the most important division of negatives in English is between the negation of nouns and that of verbs, but not between indicative and non-indicative negation, nor between the negation of there is and is. In Chinese the most important division of negatives is between indicative and non-indicative negation, or between the negation of you 有 ‘has/there is’ and the negation of shi 是 ‘is’, but not between noun and verb negation. This difference supports the thesis that, while in English nouns and verbs occupy two separate grammatical categories, nouns in Chinese constitute a super-noun category with the verb included, and thus a noun-verb division in Chinese should not be overstated.
Structural salience and referential accessibility
Authors: Xu Yulong
Published: November 2019

In Chinese, the subject NP of a preposed subordinate clause can be placed either before or after the subordinate conjunction. This chapter argues that this positional difference of the NP is closely related to whether the NP is intended to be conjoint or disjoint in reference with the subject NP of the main clause. Based on the two theoretical notions of Topicality and Accessibility, I propose two hypotheses to account for the preferred patterns of inter-clausal NP anaphora in Chinese complex sentences. The results of the data analyses corroborate the two hypotheses.
A neurocognitive approach to Chinese idiom comprehension
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: November 2019

In Chinese, three-character idioms abound, represented by a ‘base’ form as well as variants according to the context in which they are embedded. How base-forms and their variants are contextually processed is controversial. In the present study, event-related potentials (ERPs) data were collected to investigate time course and neural activity in the processing of Chinese three-character idioms and their variants in discourse dialogic contexts (e.g. literally biased and figuratively biased contexts). The results are discussed in regard to three proposed models of idiom processing and theories of idiom variations elaborated by Cognitive Linguistics, Relevance Theory and Glucksberg’s proposals. The data provide neural evidence that different types of discourse context play a facilitative role in the processing of base-forms and variants.
The role of social cues in the perception of final vowel contrasts in Asturian Spanish
Authors: Barnes Sonia
Published: November 2019

Influenced by the minority language of the region, speakers of Asturian Spanish vary in their production of word-final back vowels in the masculine singular morpheme, with realizations that range from Spanish [o] (/pero/) to Asturian [u] (/peru/). Previous research has found that listeners’ social judgements of speakers are affected by whether [-o] or [-u] are used. This study explores how social cues about the speakers affect the listeners’ perception of these vowels. The results of a binary forced-choice identification task combined with sociolinguistic priming show that productions paired with visuals of urban status were more likely to be identified as Spanish /-o/, but only when listeners were in favor of Asturian attaining co-official status. The results contribute to our understanding of the role that explicit stigmatization and overt language attitudes have on phonetic representation.
Dialectology meets sociophonetics
Authors: Regan Brendan
Published: November 2019

This article analyzes the social perceptions of ceceo and distinción in the town of Lepe, Spain using a matched-guise experiment created by digitally manipulating spontaneous speech from twelve speakers, varying only in realizations of syllable initial coronal fricatives. Based on an analysis of 92 listeners’ evaluations, the speaker guises with distinción are rated as higher status, more educated, more urban, and more formal and are assigned more occupational prestige than those with ceceo. Additionally, listeners with more years lived away from Lepe perceived these differences more so than those with little to no years lived away from Lepe. The implications are three-fold: (i) listeners in Lepe evaluate the national standard feature of distinción as more prestigious than the traditional dialect feature of ceceo; (ii) it can be suggested that time away from Lepe impacts listeners’ social evaluations of ceceo and distinción; and, (iii) even smaller non-urban communities are susceptible to changing language attitudes. Such differences in the perceived social value of these phonetic norms likely contribute to the ongoing dialect convergence of ceceo to distinción in Lepe.
Regional identity in Highland Ecuador
Authors: García Christina
Published: November 2019

Of considerable interest to linguists recently is the variable voicing of intervocalic /s/, which has been attested in dialects as diverse as Ecuadorian (Chappell, 2011; García, 2015; among others) and Catalonian Spanish (Davidson, 2014; McKinnon, 2012), among others. While our knowledge of the production of this variable has advanced, the question remains of how /s/ voicing is evaluated socially (although see Chappell, 2016). This chapter details a matched-guise experiment comparing the evaluation of intervocalic [s] and [z] in one coastal and three highland Ecuadorian cities. The results show that this variable is a regional marker within the highlands, and that it is also associated with status, pleasantness, and age, but only for female speakers. In contrast to other studies on social meaning, it is only females’ use of intervocalic [z] that is socially-charged, whereas males’ use is not strongly associated with any of the social characteristics examined.
The sociophonetic perception of heritage Spanish speakers in the United States
Authors: Chappell Whitney
Published: November 2019

This study uses a prominent phonetic variable in U.S. Spanish (orthographic  as bilabial or labiodental) to investigate heritage Spanish speakers’ social perceptions. Based on the results of a matched-guise test in which 75 U.S.-born heritage speakers evaluated voices with a labiodental and bilabial guise, heritage speakers perceive [v] positively in the voices of women as a marker of status, confident Hispanic identities, and older age, but negatively in the voices of men. The results show that heritage speakers use phonetic variants to discern social information about others, and their judgments largely align with monolingual Mexican Spanish speakers. I conclude that heritage speakers’ sociophonetic perception in their home language attests to a rich inner world often overlooked by prescriptive forces.
Cheater, cheater, pumpkin eater: the Dark Triad, attitudes towards doping, and cheating behaviour among athletes
Authors: Nicholls Adam R. , Madigan Daniel J. , Duncan Lindsay , Hallward Laura , Lazuras Lambros , Bingham Kevin , Fairs Lucas R. W.
Published: November 2019

We examined the relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), attitudes towards doping, and cheating behaviour among athletes. One‐hundred and sixty‐four athletes completed a completed a matrix solving task within a specific time limit. Participants were told they would receive a financial reward for the total number matrices they could solve, but only 13 of the 20 matrices were solvable. This provided the incentive and opportunity for the athletes to cheat. Following this, athletes completed two questionnaires, which assessed the Dark Triad and their attitudes towards doping. All three Dark Triad personality traits correlated positively with attitudes towards doping and cheating behaviour. Regression analyses revealed that psychopathy and narcissism positively predicted attitudes towards doping, and narcissism emerged as a positive predictor of cheating behaviour. Attitudes towards doping correlated positively with cheating behaviour. The Dark Triad appears to be important in relation to both attitudes towards doping and cheating behaviour among athletes. In addition, our findings illustrate that favourable attitudes towards doping are linked with actual cheating among athletes. National Anti‐Doping Organizations, sports federations, and coaches could assess athletes’ Dark Triad scores and attitudes towards doping in order to identify who may be more likely to cheat.
The Unconventional Influence of a Nearby Molecule onto Transport of Single C60 Molecule Transistor*
Authors: Guo Xiao , Liang Wen-jie
Published: November 2019

We study the transport property of single C60 molecular transistors with special focus on the situation that other molecules are in vicinity. The devices are prepared using electromigration and thermal deposition techniques. Pure single C60 molecule transistors show typical coulomb blockade behavior at low temperature. When we increase the coverage of molecules slightly by extending the deposition time, the transport spectrum of devices displays a switching behavior in the general coulomb blockade pattern. We attribute this unconventional phenomenon to the influence from a nearby C60 molecule. By analyzing this transport behavior quantitatively based on the parallel-double-quantum-dot model, the interaction from the nearby molecule is proved to be of capacity and tunneling coupling. Thermal stimulation is also applied to the device to investigate the effect of local charging environment variation on intermolecular interaction.
Recent advances in flexible photodetectors based on 1D nanostructures
Authors: Yip Senpo , Shen Lifan , Ho Johnny C
Published: November 2019

Semiconductor nanowires have demonstrated excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties. When integrated into photodetectors, excellent device performance can be easily attained. Apart from the exceptional performance, these nanowires can also enable robust and mechanically flexible photodetectors for various advanced utilizations that the rigid counterparts cannot perform. These unique applications include personal healthcare, next-generation robotics and many others. In this review, we would first discuss the nanowire fabrication techniques as well as the assembly methods of constructing large-scale nanowire arrays. Then, the recent development of flexible photodetectors based on these different nanowire material systems is evaluated in detail. At the same time, we also introduce some recent advancement that allows individual photodetectors to integrate into a more complex system for advanced deployment. Finally, a short conclusion and outlook of challenges faced in the future of the community is presented.
Diagnosis of physics learning difficulties of X MIA grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Pinrang
Authors: Yusuf M , Ali M S , Yani A
Published: November 2019

This research is a descriptive quantitative research which aims to determine the level of physics learning difficulties of students and factor causing of physics learning difficulties of X MIA grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Pinrang. Subject in this research is X MIA grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Pinrang of Academic Year 2017/2018 which amounted to 204 students. The level data of physics learning difficulty of students is obtained from diagnostic test result of students. The factors data that causing students have learning difficulty of physics, obtained from semi-open questionnaire sheet filled by students and it’s continued by semi structured interview. Based on the results of data analysis, level of physics learning difficulties on material of newton’s law was in the very high category with an average score of diagnostic test of students in the amount of 9,59. The difficulties experienced by students in solving diagnostic tests consist of: linguistic knowledge with percentage of difficulty level is 52,81% at the high category, schematic knowledge with percentage of difficulty level of 87,59% at the very high category, and algorithmic knowledge with percentage of difficulty level of 93,09% at the very high category. Difficulties experienced of students are caused by factor of health, intelligence, community environment, study habits, and study time.
Physics virtual laboratory: an innovative media in 21st century learning
Authors: Rani S A , Mundilarto  , Warsono  , Dwandaru W S B
Published: November 2019

Despite Virtual Laboratory (VL) in 21st century Physics learning is commonly used, but its development which is appropriate with theories and concepts is still a lacking. VL is a media to explain abstract concepts and minimize misconceptions. If VL is applied in Physics instruction, a better understanding of Physics theories and concepts is needed. This development study aims to 1) map important components for creating Physics Virtual Laboratory (PVL), 2) create PVL innovation which is appropriate with theories and concepts of Physics, and 3) design the PVL sketch and animation. This study uses an instructional design of Morrison, Ross, and Kemp to create the PVL. Isobaric process in Thermodynamics is provided as the topic. The findings of the study are 1) PVL consists of some components, i.e. basic competence and indicator, video, experiment goals, virtual experiment, and problems, 2) Thermodynamics is applied for developing the PVL, and 3) the final sketch is designed using Corel Draw and Adobe Illustrator, while the animation is created by Adobe Flash. Further study is recommended to implement the PVL to other Thermodynamics processes, such as isothermal, isochoric, or adiabatic.
Review of metal corrosion on food cans
Authors: Rahayu E F , Asmorowati D S
Published: November 2019

Research has been carried out on Fe metal content from samples of tin cans of Lassegakote circulating in the community. This study aims to determine Fe metal content from canned beverage. Sample beverage solution are taken based on the difference in the length of time the sun is exposed. The consentration of Fe is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results show that Fe metal content at various type of beverage with tinplate cans is increase if the sunlight exposure is longer.
The fractional separation of citronella, cajeput, and patchouli crude oils using spinning band distillation
Authors: Kurniawan C , Haryani S , Kadarwati S , Cahyono E
Published: November 2019

Spinning band distillation is one of the methods to separate high and close boiling mixtures. Spinning band distillation can be effective as it does not use solvent or other additive for the separation. Fractionation of Citronella, Cajeput, Patchouli essential oils has been experimentally conducted using B/R Instrument Spinning Band Distillation System Model 36-100. The crude oil was placed in the 150 mL heating pot and the temperature cut and heating rate was set. The range of temperature cut is around 230-300, 176-280, and 150-230°C for Patchouli, Citronella, and Cajeput, respectively. Running pressure was set at 10 mmHg for Patcouli oil, and 30 mmHg for citronella and cajeput oil. As expected, the heating process was stable and the solution manages to boil. It is observed that using spinning band distillation, the condensed vapor flow faster than simple vacuum fractionation and at the end product was maximize. The citronella, 1,8-cineole, and patchouli alcohol component were 88%, 67%, 44%, respectively.
Effectiveness of solubility equilibrium module based on lesson study to improve critical thinking ability of chemistry students and teachers in senior high school Kampar district, Riau
Authors: Erna M , Rasmiwetti  , Adnan E , Wahyudi V
Published: November 2019

The study on solubility equilibrium materials based on Lesson Study (LS) have been conducted by chemistry teachers in Kampar District, Riau. This lesson study was involved three main step, namely step plan (planning), do (open class) and reflection. Meanwhile the selected samples in this study were student of Senior High School 1 and chemistry teacher community in Kampar District, Riau. The number of chemistry teacher community and student were involved 6 peoples and 35 peoples, respectively. Research data was analyzed descriptively quantitative. The average score of students’ critical thinking abilities was obtained by 84.21 with very high criterion quality and average score of critical chemistry teacher’s ability on chemical equilibrium material equal to 68 with high criterion. The results of this study indicate that the process of making module discussions and application of solubility equilibrium module can improve the ability of chemical teachers’ thinking effectively.
The determinant of individual smoking consumption in Central Java province
Authors: Subanti S , Hakim A R , Sriwiyanto H S J N , Hakim I M
Published: November 2019

The paper aims to determine the socio-economic factors that significantly affect the individual smoking consumption and to make smoker profile in Central Java Province. This paper uses national economy social survey (Susenas) based on individual analytical units. The estimation technique with ordinary least squares regression. The findings of the paper is the factors that significantly influence the individual smoking consumption are cigarette prices, income, marriage status, urban-rural, education level, poor status, and living condition. This study suggests that to reduce cigarette consumption, the government needs to increase the price of cigarettes. In addition, the government needs to promote anti-smoking campaigns and smoking bans at work.