bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axion-photon mixing in 3D: classical equations and geometric optics
Authors: McDonald J.I. , Millington P.
Published: September 2024

Light particle-photon mixing in magnetised plasmas plays a vital role in constraining the existence of new physics, especially axions, dark photons, and ultra-high-frequency gravitational waves. Recently, we derived an expression for the resonant conversion of axions to photons in inhomogeneous media using kinetic theory to derive photon transport equations. In this work, we show how the same expression for the conversion probability can be obtained from the classical wave equations of axion-electrodynamics by deriving an equivalent transport equation along the photon worldline. This result provides further corroboration of this expression for the resonant production of photons from light particles, which has also recently been supported by independent numerical simulations of full axion-electrodynamics. In addition, this new approach provides a more general expression that accounts for mixing away from resonance, which is integrated along the whole worldline of the photon in a way that naturally incorporates a curved photon trajectory relevant to refractive media where the photon and light-particle worldlines differ.
Cosmological constraints on curved quintessence
Authors: Bhattacharya Sukannya , Borghetto Giulia , Malhotra Ameek , Parameswaran Susha , Tasinato Gianmassimo , Zavala Ivonne
Published: September 2024

Dynamical dark energy has gained renewed interest due to recent theoretical and observational developments. In the present paper, we focus on a string-motivated dark energy set-up, and perform a detailed cosmological analysis of exponential quintessence with potentialV=V0eλϕ-, allowing for non-zero spatial curvature. We first gain some physical intuition into the full evolution of such a scenario by analysing the corresponding dynamical system. Then, we test the model using a combination ofPlanckCMB data, DESI BAO data, as well as recent supernovae datasets. For the model parameterλ, we obtain a preference for nonzero values:λ= 0.48+0.28-0.21, 0.68+0.31-0.20, 0.77+0.18-0.15at 68% C.L. when combining CMB+DESI with Pantheon+, Union3 and DES-Y5 supernovae datasets respectively. We find no significant hint for spatial curvature. We discuss the implications of current cosmological results for the exponential quintessence model, and more generally for dark energy in string theory.
Spherical quantum dot described by a scalar exponential potential under the influence of a linear electric field
Authors: Bakke K
Published: September 2024

We study the confinement of a spinless charged particle to a spherical quantum dot under the influence of a linear electric field. The spherical quantum dot is described by a short-range potential given by the power-exponential potential. Then, by analysing the region near the spherical quantum dot centre, we discuss two cases where the energy levels can be obtained for s-waves and how the linear electric field modifies the spectrum of energy of the spherical quantum dot.
A brief review of numerical methods for solving the boundary value problems of PDE
Authors: El-metwaly A R , Kamal M A
Published: September 2024

In science and engineering, partial differential equations (PDEs) are employed for modeling and comprehending an extensive variety of physical phenomena. Solving these equations analytically is complicated and requires a lot of research and time. Mesh-based and meshless techniques are two popular ways to solve PDEs numerically. Mesh-based methods depend on breaking up the computational domain into a structured or unstructured mesh. These methods are accurate and based on well-established theories. However, they often have challenges with complex geometries, flexibility, and the high cost of computation that comes with mesh generation and refinement. On the other hand, meshless methods are a different way to do things that don’t require meshing. Instead, these methods use a number of points that are spread out to get close to the solution. It can handle complex geometries, is easy to implement, and is easier to deal with problems that have boundaries or interfaces that change. This paper provides a summary of solving PDEs using both mesh-based and meshless approaches, with a focus on elasticity implementation. In addition to explaining the characteristics of each of the two numerical methods.
The solution of Rough Bilevel Nonlinear Programming Problem by using Trust-Region Penalty Method
Authors: Elsisy M. A. , Abo-Elnaga Y. , Nasry Zaky Hany , Alsobky Wageda I. , ELhelow K
Published: September 2024

This paper, the rough bilevel nonlinear programming problem (RBNPP) is discussed taking into consideration which level is more important than the other. BNPP is transformed into a crisp unconstrained programming problem. A trust-region method is used to ensure the global convergence of the algorithm. The mechanism of solving RBNPP is presented. There are many situations of roughness in these problems are discussed. The solution procedures for solving all roughness situations are introduced based on the new proposed methodology. The definitions of solutions are defined in all different situations. Also, we show the definition of the fully optimal solution of the BNPPs. Finally, numerical examples are given to show solution procedures of a RBNPP based on the new methodology.
A biomimetic fruit fly robot for studying the neuromechanics of legged locomotion
Authors: Goldsmith Clarus A , Haustein Moritz , Büschges Ansgar , Szczecinski Nicholas S
Published: September 2024

For decades, the field of biologically inspired robotics has leveraged insights from animal locomotion to improve the walking ability of legged robots. Recently, ‘biomimetic’ robots have been developed to model how specific animals walk. By prioritizing biological accuracy to the target organism rather than the application of general principles from biology, these robots can be used to develop detailed biological hypotheses for animal experiments, ultimately improving our understanding of the biological control of legs while improving technical solutions. In this work, we report the development and validation of the robot Drosophibot II, a meso-scale robotic model of an adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This robot is novel for its close attention to the kinematics and dynamics of Drosophila, an increasingly important model of legged locomotion. Each leg’s proportions and degrees of freedom have been modeled after Drosophila 3D pose estimation data. We developed a program to automatically solve the inverse kinematics necessary for walking and solve the inverse dynamics necessary for mechatronic design. By applying this solver to a fly-scale body structure, we demonstrate that the robot’s dynamics fit those modeled for the fly. We validate the robot’s ability to walk forward and backward via open-loop straight line walking with biologically inspired foot trajectories. This robot will be used to test biologically inspired walking controllers informed by the morphology and dynamics of the insect nervous system, which will increase our understanding of how the nervous system controls legged locomotion.
Impaction-based exhaled breath sampling for substance monitoring: a prospective pilot study (Drugxhale)
Authors: de Jong Lutea A A , Olyslager Erik J H , Wieferink Jan A , Keizer Maarten , Cornielje Tobias , Zuidema Robbert P
Published: September 2024

For decades, intake monitoring of drugs using urine as the matrix of choice is the gold standard in drug treatment centers. A properly conducted urine drug test can identify recent use of prescribed, non-prescribed and illicit drugs. However, issues like adulteration, substitution and privacy issues have driven the search for alternative matrices. This prospective pilot study evaluates the use of an impaction-based breath sampling device, Breath Explor®, as an alternative to traditional urine-based drug monitoring. Breath samples were analyzed using a validated 32-component liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Recovery data represent the efficiency of extracting the analytes from the breath devices. Both automated and manual processing of the Breath Explor® devices showed mean recovery rates ranging from 39.5% to 55.4% for the 32 analytes. Despite the small number of subjects, breath analysis proved to be a convenient and easy-to-use methodology. An overall kappa-values of 0.5 indicated a moderate level of agreement with urine analysis, underscoring its potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. All participants tested positive in their breath sample for methadone (70% methadone and 100% EDDP), while a significant portion (90%) tested positive for 6-monoacetylmorphine. This innovative approach offers several advantages, including non-invasiveness, reduced risk of adulteration, and the ability to perfom repeated automated sampling and confirmation testing. These findings suggest that breath-based substance monitoring could complement or even replace traditional urine-based methods in clinical practice.
The prioritized factors for enhancing farming and plantation education tourism in Jambu Kristal Thematic Kampong as a sustainable urban farm for Sustainable Urban Landscape in Semarang City
Authors: Natania Nysa Pertiwi NS , Yuliastuti Nany , Ardiati Hariditia Hemas
Published: September 2024

In achieving a sustainable urban landscape, urban farming can be a step to maintain the agricultural landscape and culture in urban areas. Farming in the city is implemented in Jambu Kristal Thematic Kampong in Wates Sub-district, Semarang City. Even though it has high commodity productivity of crystal guava fruit, agricultural activities have challenges. it creates the risk of a decrease in agricultural activities. So needed a way how to attract and maintain community agriculture. Therefore, it is essential to identify priority factors to enhance urban farming activities in Jambu Kristal Thematic Kampong for sustainable urban landscape. This quantitative research applies the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method. It collects data by distributing 33 questionnaires addressed to the members of the local tourism awareness community called Wisata Aware Group (Pokdarwis) of Jambu Kristal Thematic Kampong. This research found that the prioritized factors to be improved in supporting farming and education tourism activities are the attraction and farming and plantation education tourism infrastructure. So, by enhanching the performance of agricultural and tourism activities, urban agricultural activities can be sustain so that the urban landscape, especially agriculture and plantations in Semarang City, can be sustain.
Exploring landscape character assessment opportunities as a main approach for strengthening sustainability landscape conservation strategy for industrial heritage landscape settings
Authors: Qi Liu , Abidin Nor Arbina Zainal , Maliki Nor Zarifah , Sha Liu
Published: September 2024

Post-WWII industrial shifts led to urban development and the endangerment of many industrial sites, vital for their historical, cultural, and technical value to urban identity. As integral components of urban identity, industrial heritage sites embody substantial historical, cultural, and technological significance. Thus, UNESCO, ICOMOS, and TICCIH strongly advocate for the protection of these invaluable industrial heritages. However, traditional industrial heritage conservation often focuses on the protection of physical objects, overlooking their intrinsic values. This tendency poses certain challenges to the sustainable preservation of heritage. This paper investigates methods for evaluating the value of local industrial sites with the aim of enhancing community identity and belonging as well as strengthening the sustainable conservation of industrial landscapes. This paper employs landscape character assessment as a fundamental approach to analyzing an area’s features, significance, and uniqueness by considering both social and natural factors and attributing true value to the site. This paper conducted an in-depth review and analysis of the relevant fields through a systematic literature review, ensuring the quality of the literature with the PRISMA framework and MMAT tool, and then explored the feasibility and specific procedures of implementing landscape character assessment in industrial heritage conservation. The findings highlight that the protocols for identifying and valuing landscape character assessment significantly impact its effectiveness and feasibility in sustainability conservation efforts. In conclusion, this research broadens conservation strategies for industrial heritage landscapes, offering insights for future studies and significantly aiding in protecting local industrial heritage and its value.
Exploring Kajoetangan Kampung’s vibrant corridor: the interplay of sustainable mobility and expression in urban spaces
Authors: Jingga A P , Ramma Z P , Hayati A , Cahyadini S , Nugroho S
Published: September 2024

In line with the concept of paths as links and places, streets accommodate a variety of functions according to the needs of their users. This is related to the concepts of paths as links and places, where streets function according to the needs of pedestrians and other users. In this research, the phenomena of street utilization as a means of passing and expression space is seen in the Corridor area in ‘Kajoetangan Kampung’, which is one of the tourists kampungs in Malang City with high dynamics of activity within. This research uses qualitative data obtained from direct observation of several vital areas in the Corridor area and Kajoetangan Kampung at different times on the weekends. The analysis is conducted by looking at the arrangement of street furniture and buildings on the edge of the street that can accommodate human expression space seen from the activities that are intertwined between them. The research reveals the use of the street as a link and place as well as the involvement of street furniture and surrounding buildings in activating the function of the street as a place. The findings show that, at various times, the street is perceived and utilized as dynamic settings for diverse activities, ranging from socio-economic interactions to leisure and art performances. This leads to new concepts of how urban corridors become interactive, providing a lively and sustainable array of movements and expressions of urban life Introduction.
From trees to communities: a proposal for ecologically sustainable placemaking in Bandung’s urban forest
Authors: Widiyani Widiyani , Arundati Yorangga Citra
Published: September 2024

Green open spaces have become valuable urban assets that draw the attention of both residents and tourists. Nevertheless, green areas encounter budgetary difficulties when it comes to maintenance. The stakeholders require a robust strategy to manage the green area and ensure its long-term sustainability in social and economic aspects. This paper examines the literature review of urban forests and their potential as an ecologically sustainable urban placemaking concept that operates in a circular economy. The research employs a case study of PT KAI’s land property in Bandung to propose a 30-year plan to cultivate cinnamon trees as a profitable urban forest. Each 10-year phase demonstrates forest silviculture and offers residents a sense of place. After 30 years, the forest should be able to sustain itself while also providing economic benefits to stakeholders. The application of placemaking theory encompasses the design aspect and aims to stimulate citizens’ awareness about preserving the forest. By integrating ecologically sustainable methods, circular economy principles, and placemaking strategies, the suggested model guarantees the continued existence of the urban forest while also establishing it as a vibrant center that contributes to the city’s economic and social development.
The role of environmental ethics in improving the ecological behavior of urban youth in Jakarta
Authors: Tumanggor Raja Oloan , Dariyo Agoes , Nugroho Tumanggor Ludgerius Maruli
Published: September 2024

This research wants to see to what extent the role of environmental ethics plays in improving the ecological behavior of urban youth in Jakarta is an important part of efforts to create an ecologically comfortable city life. Environmental ethics teaches ethical principles that must be considered in managing and maintaining the environment. Meanwhile, ecological behavior displays practical attitudes and actions that can be taken to maintain the surrounding environment. Paying attention to the principles of environmental ethics is expected to have a positive impact on the ecological behavior of youth in the city of Jakarta. A questionnaire was used with measuring instruments, the Environmental Ethics Scale and General Ecological Behavior (GEB), which were distributed to 37 teenagers from a middle school and early level students aged between 15-20 years in Jakarta. This research states that there is a positive relationship between environmental ethics and the ecological behavior of urban adolescents. The more teenagers understand environmental ethics, the more they can improve their ecological behavior in everyday life. If urban youth have good ecological behavior, then this will help reduce the impact of the risk of environmental pollution, which will support urban planning that will become more comfortable in the future.
Patron-client relations in cultural communities to support inclusive urban design and sustainability
Authors: Firzandy H , Sihombing A , Fuad A H
Published: September 2024

This research talks about the role of patron-client relations in inclusive urban design. The research also talks about the role of patron-client relations in helping cultural communities access various city facilities to improve the quality of life and its sustainability. This research is important because cultural communities in urban life without patron assistance often find it difficult to access the city’s physical and social facilities. In addition, patron-client relations have only discussed matters related to economic and political paradigms. For this reason, this study tries to state that patron-client relations also have an important role in advancing cultural communities and advocating inclusive urban design. This research uses qualitative methods and makes Miss Tjitjih (MT) cultural groups as research subjects. This research uses a case study approach to obtain opinions from MT cultural communities under the care of city authorities. The opinions of MT group members led the research to uncover the patron-client relationship model as one of the essential elements in inclusive urban design. The study found that patron-client relationships connect cultural communities with the city’s physical and social facilities. The study also found that patron-client relationships influence the sustainability and quality of life of cultural communities under patron protection.
Inclusive Urban Planning through Implementation of Sustainable House Renovation Program of Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Esariti L , Putri M D , Fauziah F , Manaf A , Anggraini P
Published: September 2024

Inclusive urban planning means a strategy to provide more equitable access and participation in various urban development aspects, such as housing. This article explores the process of participation from family member to achieve a sustainable house renovation given as an assistance to low-income household by the local government via BSPS program. This research employs a quantitative method by conducting interviews with 38 households from 5 districts of Semarang City. The result shows evidences that access, control over grants management, and participation practices in house renovation process is significantly related to inclusive planning at an initial stage. This article recommends the emergence of sustainability indicators by the presence of individual ability growth to manage construction resources and funds. Not only that, a gradual instalment has been used for a local wisdom strategy to adapt to payment instrument for construction materials buying.
Examining inclusive design of public space based on goat processing activities in supporting the sustainability of Kampung Bustaman Semarang
Authors: Kurniawati W , Widjajanti R , Nurini N
Published: September 2024

Inclusive public space is mandatory to confirm that our public spaces are wide-ranging for all so that everyone has impartial access to the free valuable resources provided by shared spaces. In Kampung Bustaman Semarang, street alleys, as the representative of public space, become the dynamic hidden structure. Bustaman, a culinary centre for goat processing, is one of the historic old kampungs in Semarang City’s centre, founded in colonial times. This goat processing-based economic activity uses outdoor space in its production process This research explores the spatial pattern of inclusiveness based on goat processing in this area. This research uses qualitative methods, with direct observation and interviews with community leaders, the butcher, the goat head cleaner, and the goat curry cooker in July 2023. This qualitative method captures inclusive economic spatial patterns based on goat processing activities. The research results show that the inclusive space for goat-based economic activities is located in the central alley which is used for processing and production activities. The analysis found that although this goat-based activity is polluting and impacts environmental and visual degradation, the community has accepted the existence of economic activities and feels inclusive in the outdoor space due to the local wisdom and being part of a family in Kampung Bustaman.
The Footprint of Digital Mobility Platforms on Urban Practices: Defining the Impact of Platformization on Urban Life in the Digital Era
Authors: Manullang O R , Wahyuddin Y , Sitorus P A
Published: September 2024

The ship follows the trade, meaning that transportation (ship) follows the development of trade, which is an appropriate term for current urban practices. The conservative arrangement of the city structure might no longer be feasible to define the actual urban planning practice in the digital platform era. The premier corridor within the city has always been privileged for economic activity thanks to its high accessibility. This research discusses how digital platforms have given a new meaning to urban practices and their environmental impact. The digital mobility platform enabled the less favorable urban hierarchy to take economic advantage thanks to the omnipresence virtue of the platforms to interconnect customers and producers. This research employed quantitative analysis using a multitemporal Land use map combined with a series of questionnaires conducted within the educational area of Diponegoro University and its surrounding area. The findings provided a new statement on urban practices that corroborate with the behavior transformation led by Digital Platforms. Thus, the transformation toward urban digital platform services has significantly impacted the concept of the new urban structure.
Unlocking mobility: a sustainable approach to Semarang’s intermodal transport
Authors: Rakhmatullah Anita Ratnasari , Kusumo Dewi Diah Intan , wahyono Hadi
Published: September 2024

One of the consequences of urbanization is the need for a well-connected public transport system to ensure effective movement of citizens in urban areas. Modern public transportation systems in lower to lower middle income countries are still in their infancy compared to other major cities around the world. Providing reliable and affordable intermodal transportation is a significant challenge in Indonesia, especially in developing cities like Semarang. The high volume of traffic in the city causes critical congestion due to the imbalance between transportation facilities, mobility management, and travel behavior. The concept of Bus Rapid Transit was adopted as a transportation policy for mobility sustainability and introduced in Semarang to reduce congestion and car dependency. However, there is still a lack of integration between the intermodal transportation system and passenger facilities, which may affect the willingness to use public transport. This study aims to explore the intermodal transportation system in relation to public transport facilities in Semarang. This study uses a quantitative approach in the form of descriptive analysis in the form of both descriptive statistics and descriptive spatial. The research revealed that an intermodal transportation system that integrates modes such as airports, ports, and railway stations with BRT public transport can improve travel efficiency and enhance the bus transit experience. Integration can be implemented in the form of physical integration, information integration, and fare integration. The purpose of this research is to see the extent to which intermodal integration of public transportation occurs in Semarang to see the sustainability of mobility. The result of this study is that Semarang must improve to create intermodal integration by improving pedestrian ways, information integration, and fare integration.
Synchronisation of perceived and physical walkability towards transit-oriented district, Jayapura City
Authors: Wutoy Rocky Kehn John , Widyastuti Dyah Titisari
Published: September 2024

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) emerges as a viable solution to combat traffic congestion by prioritising pedestrian movement over motorised vehicles. Focusing on enhancing walking comfort and promoting the use of public transport, alongside fostering urban diversity and livability, is crucial for developing transit-oriented areas. Walkability, denoting the pedestrian-friendly nature of spaces, comprises physical walkability and perceived walkability influenced by behaviour, culture, and local context. In Jayapura City, characterised by mountainous terrain and limited urban space, mobility challenges persist, driving the reliance on walking for commuting due to inadequate motorised vehicle access. Despite steep terrain, a culture of walking thrives, surpassing standard physical walkability criteria. The research conducted in the Mesran Terminal area of Jayapura City employs a rationalistic deductive approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to assess physical and perceived walkability. Findings indicate a disparity between perception and physical conditions, highlighting the necessity of aligning transit-oriented development strategies with local context and walking lifestyle. Synchronising perceived and physical walkability forms the basis for effective urban planning, particularly in areas like the Mesran Terminal, to enhance mobility and urban quality of life.
Risk and Disaster Management Due to Climate Change Disaster in East Teluk Betung Sub-District, Bandar Lampung City
Authors: Affandi M I , Mayaguezz H , Herison A , Vanbudi A , Ardianto A , Saputro E , Andari R
Published: September 2024

Assessing the level of need for intervention due to climate change disasters is an initial and important step in the disaster risk management process so that the programs that will be implemented are accurate and on target. In anticipating disasters that may occur and minimizing the impact of climate disasters, it is necessary to assess which locations require intervention due to climate change disasters. This research aims to assess priority locations that require intervention and disaster management due to climate change in East Teluk Betung Sub-district, Bandar Lampung City. Qualitative descriptive methods were used with spatial analysis and literature studies. Potential hazards, regional vulnerability, and disaster risk data were analyzed spatially using the ArcGIS application to obtain the distribution and extent of intervention locations. It was found that all urban villages had intervention locations due to change disasters with a super-priority level for drought disasters and non-priority for extreme waves and abrasion. The results of the literacy study show that disaster management and disaster risk reduction in East Teluk Betung Sub-district have carried out mitigation and preparedness efforts, but have not included recovery efforts in the spatial planning documents.
Infrastructure Resilience: A Vulnerability Assessment of Padang City’s Road Network in Disaster Area
Authors: Santi Novia Ari , Tyas Wido Prananing , Ramadhan Fachrul Rozi
Published: September 2024

As vital infrastructure, the road network is essential for disaster mitigation and post disaster recovery. However, it is also vulnerable to natural disasters, impacting their ability to help increase city resilience. This study assesses the vulnerability of Padang City’s road network, especially in disaster-prone areas, to ensure continued functionality during emergencies, as the city is frequently exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, coastal erosion, and floods. This study delves into assessing the vulnerability of Padang’s road network, employing spatial analysis (GIS) to evaluate various factors, including disaster risk, road conditions, materials, types, and proximity to land uses. The study identifies three vulnerability zones: low, medium, and high, with a high concentration of highly vulnerable roads in coastal areas. It emphasizes the need for infrastructure resilience and a holistic approach including design, materials, maintenance, and disaster preparedness. Land use also plays a role, with commercial and residential zones facing higher vulnerability. The study recommends material upgrades, enhanced maintenance practices, increased road capacity, and integrating disaster risk into spatial planning. Overall, this research contributes to the knowledge base of road network vulnerability, offering valuable insights for disaster mitigation strategies to improve the sustainability of vulnerable regions like Padang City
Antibacterial, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of different aged Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and application in natural serum product
Authors: Nguyen Duyen Thuy T. , Khanh Nguyen Linh
Published: September 2024

Moringa oleifera leaves of different ages grown in Binh Phuoc, Vietnam were harvested for methanol extraction, total polyphenol content (TPC) and biological activity determination. Three groups of age were collected for research including leaves 5-10 days-old (L1), 25-30 days-old (L2) and 45-50 days-old (L3). The TPC determined (mg GAE/g crude extract) in leaf methanolic extract (LME) was 64.43 ± 2.57; 47.75 ± 3.11 and 24.8 4 ± 1.72 for L1, L2, L3 respectively. Anti-bacterial activity of 5-10 days old leaf extracts (100 mg/mL) showed the significant results against Escherichia coli (15.67 ± 1.58 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12.67 ± 1.76 mm) compared to extracts from other ages. This group extract also revealed anticoagulant activity with longer Prothrombin time (PT) lasting for 26.153 ± 1.6(s). As a result, 5-10 days-old leaf extract was conducted for antibacterial serum formulation. After 14 days of preservation in different conditions, serum preserved in cold temperature 2-8°C (NT1) showed S. aureus resistant activity (15.23 ± 0.76 mm) more slightly effective than the one in room temperature 30-32°C (NT2) as 11.17 ± 0.62 mm, which initially stated the significance of temperature on antibacterial activity of final serum product during preservation.
Isolation, screening, and identification of antagonistic bacteria from soil against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Thi Huynh My-Tien , Le Hoang-Chau , Nguyen Hang T. T.
Published: September 2024

Fusarium oxysporum is the causal agent of wilt in tomato, which is one of the most destructive fungal diseases. This fungal disease strain is an important mycotoxin producer that causes several negative effects on animal and human health. Bacteria, which are found in various natural environments including the rhizosphere soil displayed fungicidal activity against fungal phytopathogens. In our study, we investigated the antifungal activity of isolated bacteria which inhibited the growth of the plant pathogen F. oxysporum causing wilt disease in tomatoes. In total of 48 isolated bacterial strains, 9 strains showed antifungal activity against F. oxysporum using co-culture method. Two bacterial strains T1-4 and T10-1 exhibited strong antagonistic activity against fungal pathogen with control values of 50.8 and 48.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of these two strains also inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. In the 96-well plate assay, the culture filtrate of T1-4 showed the strongest antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, T1-4 was identified as Bacillus sp.
Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance through algal oxygenation: A novel approach for sustainable energy generation
Authors: Dung Nguyen Hoang , Dao Thanh-Son , Xuan Que Vo Nguyen
Published: September 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) present promising technology for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy generation. In this study, we operated an algae-MFC system to investigate its performance in terms of electricity generation and wastewater treatment capacity. The MFC reactor, with the support of a separate algae vessel providing oxygen-rich water to the cathode chamber, was continuously operated with varying organic loading rates to the anode with the synthetic wastewater. Results showed that the algae-MFC achieved a stable electricity generation, reaching a maximum power density of 840 mW m−3 at the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate (0.30 kg m−3 h−1). Furthermore, the system could remove 75% of COD at a short HRT of 4 h. Coulombic efficiency was unexpectedly low, from 0.35% to 0.70%, indicating the need of energy recovery improvement from wastewater. A challenge of internal resistance increase over time was identified and discussed. Future prospects were discussed including the algae integrating directly into the cathode chamber to enhance the nitrogen removal and to explore the co-cultivation possibility of microalgae and autotrophic bacteria for a simultaneous removal of organic substances and nutrients. Overall, this study demonstrated the application potential of algae-MFC systems for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy production.
Impact of Electron Radiation on Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel Development on Dragon Fruit
Authors: Thi Thanh Thao Pham , Sy Minh Tuan Hoang
Published: September 2024

Maintaining the quality and safety of agricultural products for export is paramount, especially in the face of pest threats. Electron beam irradiation effectively controls Bactrocera dorsalis (B. dorsalis) infestation in dragon fruit, particularly when combined with hot water treatment (46.5°C for 40 minutes). This combined approach maintains fruit morphology and significantly reduces B. dorsalis hatching, pupation, and adult emergence rates. A radiation dose of 1 kGy, aligned with international phytosanitary standards, minimally impacts total soluble solids (TSS) and total acidity (TA) while preserving vitamin C content. However, ascorbic acid content gradually decreases during storage, necessitating a balance between preservation efficacy and nutritional quality. This study elucidates the potential of electron beam irradiation as a safe and effective phytosanitary treatment for dragon fruit, ensuring compliance with international export standards while minimizing adverse effects on fruit quality.
Analysis of Noni Fruit Samples Obtained from Different Locations in Vietnam: Harvest, Bioactive Availability and Storage
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Cong , Di Nguyen Khanh , Cong Phan Hoang , Chan Kha Tuyen
Published: September 2024

Noni fruit is widely distributed in Vietnam, and it needs support for broader utilization due to its diverse health benefits. This study aimed to assess representative noni samples from different species and geographic locations in Vietnam. Variations in nutritional composition, mineral, and bioactive content among these samples were analytically investigated. Noni fruits from the sampling regions and their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total saponin content, and vitamin C were analyzed. Additionally, the impacts of ripeness and storage duration on bioactive changes were evaluated. Harvest time combined with storage of approximately 110 days of maturation from flowering yielded fully ripe noni fruits. The highest bioactive contents (p < 0.05) were exhibited on such the matured fruits that should be suitable for subsequent processing. Optimal harvest timing, coupled with appropriate storage, ensures the delivery of bioactive-rich noni fruits. The research findings contribute to the development of functional food products. Further studies are warranted to explore scalability and applications. The feasibility of preliminary noni powder production was also discussed, which emphasizes the need for further research.
Facia-fix: mobile application for bell’s palsy diagnosis and assessment using computer vision and deep learning
Authors: Mohamed Amira , Eid Doha , Ezzat Mariam M , Ehab Mayar , Khaled Maye , Gaber Sarah , Gaber Amira
Published: September 2024

Facial paralysis (FP) is a condition characterized by the inability to move some or all of the muscles on one or both sides of the face. Diagnosing FP presents challenges due to the limitations of traditional methods, which are time-consuming, uncomfortable for patients, and require specialized clinicians. Additionally, more advanced tools are often uncommonly available to all healthcare providers. Early and accurate detection of FP is crucial, as timely intervention can prevent long-term complications and improve patient outcomes. To address these challenges, our research introduces Facia-Fix, a mobile application for Bell’s palsy diagnosis, integrating computer vision and deep learning techniques to provide real-time analysis of facial landmarks. The classification algorithms are trained on the publicly available YouTube FP (YFP) dataset, which is labeled using the House-Brackmann (HB) method, a standardized system for assessing the severity of FP. Different deep learning models were employed to classify the FP severity, such as MobileNet, CNN, MLP, VGG16, and Vision Transformer. The MobileNet model which uses transfer learning, achieved the highest performance (Accuracy: 0.9812, Precision: 0.9753, Recall: 0.9727, F1 Score: 0.974), establishing it as the optimal choice among the evaluated models. The innovation of this approach lies in its use of advanced deep learning models to provide accurate, objective, non-invasive and real-time comprehensive quantitative assessment of FP severity. Preliminary results highlight the potential of Facia-Fix to significantly improve the diagnostic and follow-up experiences for both clinicians and patients.
Finite element analysis and optimization studies on tibia implant of SS 316L steel and Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Sathone Ishan R , Potdar Umesh G
Published: September 2024

Tibial fractures account for approximately 15% of all fractures, typically resulting from high-energy trauma. A critical surgical approach to treat these fractures involves the fixation of the tibia using a plate with minimally invasive osteosynthesis. The selection and fixation of the implant plate are vital for stabilizing the fracture. This selection is highly dependent on the plate’s stability, which is influenced by factors like the stresses generated in the plate due to the load on the bone, as well as the plate’s length, thickness, and number of screw holes. Minimizing these stresses is essential to reduce the risk of implant failure, ensuring optimal stress distribution and promoting faster, more effective bone healing. In the present work, the finite element and statistical approach was used to optimize the geometrical parameters of the implant plate made of SS 316L steel and Ti6Al4V alloy. A 3D finite element model was developed for analyzing the stresses and deformation, and implant plates were manufactured to validate the results with the help of an experiment conducted on the universal testing machine. A strong correlation was observed between the experimental and predicted results, with an average error of 8.6% and 8.55% for SS316L and Ti6Al4V alloy, respectively. Further, using the signal-to-noise ratio for the minimum stress condition was applied to identify the optimum parameters of the plate. Finally, regression models were developed to predict the stresses generated in SS316L and Ti6Al4V alloy plates with different input conditions. The statistical model helps us to develop the relation between different geometrical parameters of the Tibia implant plate. As determined by the present work, the parameter most influencing is implant plate length. This outcome will be used to select the implant for a specific patient, resulting in a reduction in implant failure post-surgery.
Fuel recycling feedback control via real-time boron powder injection in EAST with full metal wall
Authors: WANG 汪 Zhe 哲 , SUN 孙 Zhen 震 , ZUO 左 Guizhong 桂忠 , WU 吴 Kai 凯 , HUANG 黄 Yao 耀 , XU 徐 Wei 伟 , HUANG 黄 Ming 明 , ZHOU 周 Zhitai 之泰 , GUAN 管 Yanhong 艳红 , QIU 邱 Haotian 昊天 , MAINGI Rajesh , HU 胡 Jiansheng 建生
Published: September 2024

A feedback control of fuel recycling via real-time boron powder injection, addressing the issue of continuously increasing recycling in long-pulse plasma discharges, has been successfully developed and implemented on EAST tokamak. The feedback control system includes four main parts: the impurity powder dropper (IPD), a diagnostic system measuring fuel recycling level represented by Dα emission, a plasma control system (PCS) implementing the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) algorithm, and a signal converter connecting the IPD and PCS. Based on this control system, both active control and feedback control experiments have recently been performed on EAST with a full metal wall. The experimental results show that the fuel recycling can be gradually reduced to lower level as PCS control voltage increases. In the feedback control experiments, it is also observed that the Dα emission is reduced to the level below the target Dα value by adjusting boron injection flow rate, indicating successful implementation of the fuel recycling feedback control on EAST. This technique provides a new method for fuel recycling control of long pulse and high parameter plasma operations in future fusion devices.
Characterizing randomness in parameterized quantum circuits through expressibility and average entanglement
Authors: Ilário Correr Guilherme , Medina Ivan , Azado Pedro C , Drinko Alexandre , Soares-Pinto Diogo O
Published: September 2024

While scalable error correction schemes and fault tolerant quantum computing seem not to be universally accessible in the near sight, the efforts of many researchers have been directed to the exploration of the contemporary available quantum hardware. Due to these limitations, the depth and dimension of the possible quantum circuits are restricted. This motivates the study of circuits with parameterized operations that can be classically optimized in hybrid methods as variational quantum algorithms, enabling the reduction of circuit depth and size. The characteristics of these Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) are still not fully understood outside the scope of their principal application, motivating the study of their intrinsic properties. In this work, we analyse the generation of random states in PQCs under restrictions on the qubits connectivities, justified by different quantum computer architectures. We apply the expressibility quantifier and the average entanglement as diagnostics for the characteristics of the generated states and classify the circuits depending on the topology of the quantum computer where they can be implemented. As a function of the number of layers and qubits, circuits following a Ring topology will have the highest entanglement and expressibility values, followed by Linear/All-to-all almost together and the Star topology. In addition to the characterization of the differences between the entanglement and expressibility of these circuits, we also place a connection between how steep is the increase on the uniformity of the distribution of the generated states and the generation of entanglement. Circuits generating average and standard deviation for entanglement closer to values obtained with the truly uniformly random ensemble of unitaries present a steeper evolution when compared to others.
Modeling spatiotemporal land use/land cover dynamics by coupling multilayer perceptron neural network and cellular automata markov chain algorithms in the Wabe river catchment, Omo Gibe River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Mathewos Yonas , Abate Brook , Dadi Mulugeta , Mathewos Markos
Published: September 2024

Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change has been a substantial environmental concern, hindering sustainable development over the past few decades. To that end, comprehending the past and future patterns of LULC change is vital for conserving and sustainably managing land resources. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of landscape dynamics from 1986 to 2022 and predict situations for 2041 and 2058, considering a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in the Wabe River Catchment. The historical land use image classification employed a supervised technique using maximum likelihood algorithms in ERDAS Imagine, and identified six major land cover classes. For future projections of LULC changes in 2041 and 2058, multilayer perceptron neural network and cellular automata-Markov chain algorithms were utilized, incorporating various driving factors and independent spatial datasets. The findings revealed significant and ongoing LULC dynamics in the catchment, with persistent trends expected. Notably, woodland, built-up areas, and agriculture experienced substantial net increases by 0.24%, 1.96%, and 17.22% respectively, while grassland, forest, and agroforestry land faced notable decreases of 4.65%, 3.58%, and 11.20% respectively from 1986 to 2022. If the current rate of change continues, built-up and agricultural lands will expand by 1.28% and 5.07%, while forest and agroforestry land will decline by 2.69% and 3.63% respectively by 2058. However, woodland and grassland cover will exhibit divergent patterns, with a projected decrease of 0.57% in woodland and an anticipated increase of 0.54% in grassland cover. Overall, the observed changes indicated a shift towards intensive agriculture, built-up area expansion, and potentially adverse environmental consequences such as soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem decline. To mitigate these consequences and promote sustainable development, immediate action is necessary, including environmentally friendly conservation approaches, sustainable land management practices, habitat protection, and reforestation efforts, ensuring the long-term resilience and viability of the catchment’s ecosystems.