bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative and critical analysis of competency standards for school principals: Towards an inclusive and equity perspective in Québec
Authors: Larochelle-Audet Julie , Magnan Marie-Odile , Potvin Maryse , Doré Emmanuelle
Published: September 2019

This article presents the results of a comparative and critical study of the competency standards of Québec school administrators compared with seven other education systems within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). An inductive-type analysis has made it possible to identify the social categories targeted in the standards, the vision of school leaders as well as the competencies that are likely to help advance educational and societal goals of equity, inclusion, and social justice. Three contrasting perspectives emerge from this analysis. In Australia, California, and the United States, principals are explicitly encouraged to take action against structures and practices that undermine the educational success and social recognition of minority groups. In British Columbia and New Zealand, statements about social diversity focus more on the transformation of individual practices. Finally, in the standards of England, Texas and Québec, only a few generic statements referring to the differentiated needs of students and their success have been identified. They are instead characterized by a managerial approach oriented toward results that are measurable and cost controlled. In conclusion, a more in-depth analysis of the Québec standards opens the door to a new competency model and recommendations.
Preparing leaders for wicked problems? How the revised PSEL and NELP standards address equity and justice
Authors: Farley Amy N. , Childs Joshua , Johnson Olivia
Published: September 2019

The past 20 years have seen a shift in school leaders’ work that can best be characterized by an increasing complexity in expectations and greater demands for accountabilities. Educational leadership preparation programs and professional associations responded to these shifts, in part, with the development and proliferation of standards for both pre-service (ELCC and NELP) and practicing (ISLLC and PSEL) educational leaders. Both sets of standards have undergone significant revision in the last five years, largely in response to shifts in the work required of school administrators in today’s 21st century schools. However, what remains an open empirical question is whether the leadership standards are robust and pragmatic enough to tackle the various educational issues that school leaders face. In other words, do various school leadership standards prepare and assess school administrators appropriately? Using the wicked problems framework, we examine the extent to which the revised PSEL and NELP standards capture the challenging work required for school leaders to act as inclusive leaders and “equity-oriented change agents” (Maxwell, Locke, & Scheurich, 2013, p. 1). We utilize qualitative content analysis (Weber, 1990) to analyze the content of the leadership standards, focusing in particular on the ways those standards represent evolving conceptions of equity and justice. These analyses suggest that although both sets of standards have changed considerably from their predecessors, they may not go far enough to help leaders determine how to implement the proper administrative authority to solve complex issues. This is particularly true as it relates to the persistent, wicked equity problems facing our schools.
Preparación para ejercer un liderazgo efectivo en Chile: Estudio de opinión a directores a partir del Marco para la Buena Dirección
Authors: Rivero Castro Maria del Rosario , Yañez Cifuentes Teresa , Hurtado Constanza
Published: September 2019

La literatura ha situado al liderazgo escolar como el segundo factor de la escuela más relevante para el aprendizajes de los alumnos. Debido a su relevancia, las políticas nacionales han prestado creciente atención a los directores, avanzando en la creación del Marco para la Buena Dirección (MDBLE), el cual explicita las prácticas, conocimientos y principios y habilidades, que caracterizan a un líder escolar efectivo. Este artículo evalúa la preparación para ejercer un liderazgo efectivo derivado del MDBLE, a partir de una encuesta a 575 directores. Los resultados evidencian que el marco es conocido y establece “estándares” claros y válidos en relación a la ejecución de un liderazgo efectivo. Sin embargo, los directores se perciben mediana y heterogéneamente preparados para ejercerlo, encontrándose altamente preparados para algunos componentes y dimensiones del marco, con solo un 8% de los directores que afirman estar preparados para todos los componentes. Emergen desafíos para la mejora del liderazgo escolar, a través de una mejora de las competencias instaladas, en espacios como programas de formación, como también una mejor articulación entre las políticas educativas y el marco.
Marco español para la dirección escolar e identidad profesional: Contexto, desarrollo e implicaciones
Authors: Bolívar Antonio
Published: September 2019

El artículo describe ampliamente el contexto singular de la dirección escolar en España (escasa estabilidad, identidad profesional, falta de liderazgo pedagógico) y las razones que han llevado a que los propios directores, agrupados por las Federaciones de sus Asociaciones regionales (FEDADi, FEDEIP, FEAE), hayan considerado necesario elaborar un “Marco Español para Buena Dirección escolar” (MEBD) en los dos últimos años (2016-2018). Pero, más allá de esto, junto a otros factores, se quiere poner de manifiesto el contexto a que responde y las funciones que puede desempeñar para potenciar el liderazgo pedagógico de la dirección escolar.  Desde una mirada comparativa y global se describe su relación con otros marcos iberoamericanos (Chile y Perú) y anglosajones, así como detalladamente la estructura y contenido del propio Marco español. Se analiza el sentido y funcionalidad que el MEBD puede representar para visibilizar una identidad profesional de la dirección escolar, al tiempo que demanda un necesario profesionalismo, como práctica específica que debe ser realizada de acuerdo con las competencias y estándares que especifica el MEBD. Más allá de regulaciones cambiantes, al arbitrio de las decisiones políticas, el MEBD aspira a configurarse como una referencia estable, como regulación interna de la profesión, al modo de códigos deontológicos de buenas prácticas. En sus implicaciones, este Marco requiere y demanda, paralelamente, unas condiciones estructurales (de recursos, autonomía, profesionalización) para que una buena dirección sea posible. Al tiempo, pretende orientar los procesos de selección, formación (inicial y permanente), evaluación de la dirección y su reconocimiento.
Estándares para la dirección escolar en España y México: Un estudio comparativo
Authors: Díaz-Delgado Miguel Angel , Garcia-Martinez Inmaculada
Published: September 2019

Tanto el sistema educativo español como el mexicano han sido influenciados por las mediciones estandarizadas a nivel global y ambos reconocen ahora al liderazgo educativo como uno de los factores centrales de la mejora escolar. No obstante, en cada sistema se han impulsado políticas disímiles relativas al reconocimiento de estándares para la dirección de escuelas. Contrario a la tendencia global de adopción de estándares para los cargos de dirección, en el contexto español no existe una política homogénea de la figura profesional, determinando cada Comunidad Autónoma tales mecanismos. En contraposición, el Sistema Educativo Mexicano ha desarrollado políticas de estandarización fuertemente predeterminadas para la función directiva a partir de la reforma de 2013. El presente estudio establece una comparativa sobre los estándares para la dirección entre los sistemas educativos español y mexicano, relacionándolos desde la revisión de: (a) los mecanismos de acceso y permanencia en el cargo (Gairín, 2010), (b) la burocracia institucional (Guiddens & Sutton, 2014) y (c) la formación para el cargo. El análisis comparativo permite conocer el estado actual de los estándares para la dirección escolar en ambos sistemas educativos, acercándose a reconocer los antecedentes y actuales marcos de referencia de cada contexto.
Standards and competency frameworks for school administrators: Global, comparative and critical perspectives
Authors: Riveros Augusto , Wei Wei
Published: September 2019

In this introduction to the special issue, we highlight the increased transnational interest in standardizing the knowledge, competencies, and practices that relate to educational leadership. While acknowledging the thematic convergences in leadership standards and competency frameworks from heterogenous localities, we propose that it is critical to interrogate the policy mobilities and the recontextualization of the discourses that have contributed to the formulation and implementation of standards. To achieve this aim, this special issue stages a global dialogue about this global leadership turn by including a selection of articles that discuss the emergence and adoption of education leadership standards in diverse linguistic, social and cultural contexts.
SLUM REVITALIZING PLAN OF BAGHDADIYAH BY SPATIAL RE-MODELING CONFIGURATION
Authors: Taki Herika Muhamad
Published: September 2019

Baghdadiyah is a neighborhood of Jeddah Downtown, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Inhabitants of this area come from multi-ethnic and mostly low-income residents. The high density of the area affects land use more concisable.  Consequently, the beauty of the city which was used to be historic sites of Jeddah is down-grading. This study proposed to revitalize city plan for a better quality of life. The aim of this study was to re-shape a slum area and to improve the spatial configuration of urban structure based on the recent condition. The method involved several approaches: recognizing a theoretical basic concept of the slum, applying spatial re-configuration, analyzing the existing conditions and re-constructing new syntactical properties. The result of this study shared a new design of slum revitalizing plan for Baghdadiyah configuring dominated patterns of integration and connection. Adequate transport networks would reshape the city building profile.
SUBAK LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN DENPASAR CITY
Authors: Lanya Indayati , Subadiyasa Nengah Netera , Hutauruk Jeremia
Published: September 2019

Subak is an irrigation system for agricultural land units in Bali. Subak components include palemahan (source of rice field), pawongan (human resources / farmers), and rice farming system. Subak as a typical system and local Bali built since the 7th century, until now subak system still exist in Denpasar. UNESCO, in 2011, designated Subak as a world cultural heritage. Ironically, not one regency / city, and Bali Province has spatial map of Subak, only statistic data. The era of technology and communication development, requires the ease and speed of getting the latest data and information with a high level of spatial accuracy. This paper discusses the use of geo-information technology in subak mapping. This study uses the Worldview satellite image data in Denpasar in 2015, and ArcGIS 10.3 software for mapping of land and area of subak rice fields (spatial data). The supporting data used are land resource data (LR), human resource data (pekaseh) and agricultural activities as attribute data. The result of the analysis is Denpasar City has 41 Subak in 2015, Subak area on satellite image analysis as wide as 2,008.6 ha. This result was smaller 520.4 ha than the data from Central Bureau of Statistics (CSA, Denpasar) that is 2,529 ha with value r2 = 0,8967. Furthermore, the subak information system combined subak spatial map with attribute data. From this research can be concluded that the making of information system subak spatial-based data is very helpful in the identification and analysis of subak areas for irrigation planning.
MOUNTAIN ECOTOURISM SPATIAL PLANNING TOWARDS GREEN MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF MOUNT LAWU REGION OF INDONESIA
Authors: Sugiarti Rara , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: September 2019

Mount Lawu region has abundant resources consisting of diverse flora and fauna which have the potentials to be developed as ecotourism attractions. It has also cultural sites containing local wisdom. As the area is a fragile ecosystem, it needs appropriate planning for green management and development. This research aims at: (1) exploring the planning concept for managing and developing ecotourism in the region; (2) analyzing the spatial distribution of ecotourism facilities to support sustainable management, and (3) creating a foundation for designing a new spatial planning model for ecotourism development in Mount Lawu region. Mapping method using geographic information system (GIS), spatial analysis, and interactive analysis were employed as analytical lenses. Research findings reveal that ecotourism management planning in Mount Lawu region has not optimized the function of spaces. Even though ecotourism has developed in the region for several years, the appropriate usage of spaces has not been taken into account by stakeholders. Essential facilities of ecotourism including space for interpretation have not been provided. This study highlights the significance of spatial planning to manage and develop sustainable mountain ecotourism in Mount Lawu region by mapping out the resources and facilities to support planning and decision making. It is in line with several models proposed by some researchers which suggest the importance of analyzing the available spaces for sustainable ecotourism management and development.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (Membrane Defect, Pathogenesis, Aplastic Anemia, Diagnosis)
Authors: Chrobák Ladislav
Published: September 2019

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal disorder in which intravascular hemolysis results from the somatic mutation of the totipotent stem cells causing an intrinsic defect in red cell membrane. PNH cells lack glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane proteins. Of these proteins absence of CD 59 (MIRL - membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, protectin) and CD 55 (DAF - decay accelerating factor) makes the PNH cells abnormally sensitive to the lytic action of complement. The defect appears to be in the somatic mutation of the X-linked PIG-A (phosphatidylinositolglycan A class) gene which participate in an early step of GPI - anchor synthesis. PNH is characterized by recurrent life threatening venous thromboses and an intimate association with aplastic anemia (AA). It seems that PNH always coexists with bone marrow failure (BMF) (37). The possible explanation may be that some GPI-anchored proteins may be a critical target recognized by immune effector cells. PNH clones not possessing these critical GPI - anchored proteins will survive because they are selectively resistant to the autoimmune assault that eliminates most normal clones. The flow cytometry of erythrocytes using anti-CD 59 and anti-CD 59 and anti-CD 55 of granulocytes has been now introduced as a very sensitive and quantitative method of PNH diagnosis able to detect PNH cells even in normal individuals (1,54). Thus it seems now clear that we must make distinction between the detection of very occasional PNH cells in patients with BMF and PNH as a clinicohematological entity. Unfortunately, we do not know the minimal content of PNH cells required to produce clinical signs of PNH (38).
3-Nitropropionic Acid and Similar Nitrotoxins
Authors: Patočka Jiří , Bielavský Jiří , Cabal Jiří , Fusek Josef
Published: September 2019

3-Nitropropionic acid as well as 3-nitro-1-propanol and its β-D-glucopyranoside (miserotoxin) are the plant and fungal toxins reported to interrupt mitochondrial electron transport resulting in cellular energy deficit. These nitrotoxins induce neurological degeneration in ruminants and humans. 3-Nitropropionic acid-intoxicated rats serve as the animal model for Huntington’s disease.
Metabolism of Tryptophan in the Liver: Interference with Decarboxylation of Other Aromatic Amino Acids
Authors: Dršata Jaroslav , Marklová Eliška
Published: September 2019

Decarboxylation of aromatic amino acid in mammalian tissues is catalyzed by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (EC. 4.1.1.28, AAD). The enzyme differs in its affinity to individual aromatic amino acids, the best substrates being 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and 5-hydroxytryptophan. Surprisingly, AAD is abundant in the liver, where the substrates with rather low affinity to AAD as tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine are offered to decarboxylation. In the present paper, the possibility of interference of tryptophan with decarboxylation of phenylalanine, tyrosine as well as dopa in the liver was investigated. The AAD activity was measured radiometrically with 1-14C-labeled aromatic amino acid substrates using the rat liver enzyme. The influence of tryptophan on decarboxylation of tyrosine was formally competitive withKi= 9.2 x 10-3M, while the inhibition of decarboxylation of phenylalanine by tryptophan was non-competitive withKiat 2.75 x 10-2M. The effect of tryptophan on decarboxylation of dopa was small and it could not be expressed in terms of inhibition kinetics and inhibition constant. At physiological concentrations of aromatic amino acids in plasma, tryptophan does not seem to have remarkable effects on decarboxylation of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and dopa in the liver.
The Long Term Changes in Liver DNA and Total Protein Contents Following Low Level Sarin Exposure in Rats
Authors: Kassa Jiří , Skopec František , Vachek Josef
Published: September 2019

1. The changes in contents of DNA and total protein in the liver of the rats exposed to low level sarin by inhalation at 3, 6 and 12 months following the exposure were studied. The influence of sarin on the DNA and protein metabolism in liver was determinated by the measurements of incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA, the concentration of DNA and total protein. 2. Our results show that not only symptomatic level 3 but also asymptomatic levels 1 and 2 of sarin are able to significantly decrease the incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine without changing total concentrations of DNA as well as protein at three months following sarin exposure. On the other hand, the significant decrease in total contents of DNA and protein in liver without the changes in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine was determined in liver six months following sarin exposure. Practically no significant changes in the metabolism of DNA and protein were observed at 12 months following sarin exposure. 3. Thus, not only clinically manifested intoxication but also low-level, asymptomatic exposure to nerve agents such as sarin is able to influence the metabolism of nucleic acids as well as proteins even several months following the exposure.
Changes of the Serum Antibiotic Levels During Open Heart Surgery (ceftazidim, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin)
Authors: Lonský Vladimír , Dominik Jan , Manďák Jiří , Pozlerová Eugenie , Hejzlar Miroslav , Lonská Věra , Maršíková Marie , Kubíček Jaroslav , Snítilová Marie
Published: September 2019

Background: Wound, mediastinal and intracardiac infections are still very serious complications of open-heart surgey. The incidence of it is still in the range of 0.4%-5%. The aims of our study were to assess the adequacy of regimen using ceftazidim (CTZ), ciprofloxacin (CPF) and clindamycin (CLIN) as prophylactic antibiotics and to verify whether cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can modify the time of antibiotic serum concentrations. That is why the serum levels of them were measured during open heart procedures. Methods: The prospective study comprised 75 consequent coronary patients randomized in to three groups receiving 1 g of CTZ or 400 mg of CPF or 900 mg of CLIN i.v. with anesthesia induction. Routine coronary surgery with left internal mammary artery harvesting, moderate body hypothermic (30 °C) CPB with crystaloid cardioplegia was performed. Serum antibiotic levels were determined before application, with skin incision, prior CPB induction, after cardioplegia infusion, every 20 minutes of CPB, prior end of CPB, in time of chest closure. Conventional cylinder – plate microbiological assay was used for antibiotic levelmeasurement. Results: All serum antibiotic concentrations showed a sharp decrease immediately after starting CPB and lasted until CPB ended. After initiating of CPB after cardioplegia administration serum concentrations of CTZ (105 min after initial dose) decreased by, on average 55%, CPF (97 min) by 42% and CLIN (116 min) by 78%. Conclusion: CPB can modify the time course of antibiotic serum concentrations. The serum levels of CTZ at the end of the longest procedures were found to be below the MICs for some of the suspected pathogens. We recommend to use higher antibiotic doses for prophylaxis and to administer the second dose with protamin sulphate to obtain maximum concentration in newly formed blood clots.
Sternobronchial Fistula - Uncommon Complication After Coronary Surgery (A Case Report)
Authors: Manďák Jiří , Lonský Vladimír , Sedláček Zdeněk
Published: September 2019

The authors describe a case of a 46-year-old man with ischemic heart disease who underwent coronary surgery. After some time span an inflamed wound, several skin fistulae and the system of substernal fistulae appeared. One of these fistulae communicated with the left bronchial tree.
Avrupa Birliği’nin Değerleri Çerçevesinde Ortadoğu Politikasını Anlamlandırmak: Mısır, Suriye ve Irak Örneği
Authors: CİCİOĞLU Filiz , BAYRAM Yeşim
Published: September 2019

Uluslararası sistemin önemli aktörlerinden biri olan Avrupa Birliği’nin dış politikası; Birliğinbenimsediği insan hakları, hukukun üstünlüğü, sivil toplum ve demokrasinin geliştirilmesi gibi temelilkeler üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği’nin normatif temelleri kapsamındaOrtadoğu bölgesine yönelik dış politika uygulamalarını Mısır, Suriye ve Irak örnek olayları üzerindenanaliz etmektir. Çalışmanın kavramsal çerçevesini “Normatif Güç” kuramı oluşturmaktadır. “Normatifgüç” kuramı bağlamında Birliğin norma dayalı dış politika uygulamaları ile bunların süreklilik arz edipetmediği incelenmektedir. Normatif dış politika uygulamalarının sürekliliği bölgede ve her bir vakaülkenin kendi içinde gerçekleşen krizler baz alınarak test edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu ülkelerlekurulan ikili ilişkiler tarihsel süreçleri ile birlikte değerlendirilirken, Birliğin politikalarını etkileyenABD’nin Irak’ı işgali, Arap Baharı, terörizm, mülteci sorunu gibi bölgesel ve uluslararası konjonktürdekikrizler analize dahil edilmiştir. Örnek olay olarak seçilen ülkelerin birbirinden farklılaşan kendineözgü koşulları, farklı bir normatif değerin test edilmesini ve karşılaştırılmasını sağlaması bakımından,çalışma literatürdeki boşluğu doldurma iddiasındadır.
Avrupa Dış Eylem Servisi Kapsamında Avrupa Birliği’nin Diplomatik Dönüşümü
Authors: OĞURLU Ebru
Published: September 2019

Yapısı ve işleyiş özellikleri itibariyle kendine özgü bir bütünleşme modeli olan Avrupa Birliği (AB)bir devlet olmamasına rağmen devlet egemenliğinin en önemli sembollerinden biri olan diplomasiyihem kullanmakta hem de kendine özgü bir yapıda geliştirmektedir. AB’nin uluslararası aktörlüğü ileyakından ilgili olan AB diplomasisi Maastricht Antlaşması ile yapısallaşmaya ve kurumsallaşmayabaşlamışsa da 1 Aralık 2009 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren ve AB’nin uluslararası aktörlüğünü güçlendirenLizbon Antlaşması’nın getirdiği yenilikler neticesinde yeni bir zemin kazanmıştır. Antlaşma ile AB’nindiplomatik birimi olarak kurulması kararlaştırılan Avrupa Dış Eylemler Servisi (ADES), AB’ninVestfalyan diplomasi olarak da adlandırılabilecek geleneksel diplomasiye bir meydan okumasıdır.Ancak, geçen altmış yılı aşkın zaman diliminde küresel gelişmelere uyum adına diplomasi anlayışındadeğişiklikler yapılmış olsa da ulusal diplomatik sistemler AB içindeki baskınlığını sürdürmektedir.Bu çalışmada AB’nin Lizbon Antlaşması ile oluşturulmaya çalışılan diplomatik sisteminin neölçüde geleneksel devlet merkezli diplomasiden ayrıldığı ve nasıl ulusal diplomasilerin hâlâ egemensistemler olarak varlıklarını devam ettirdiği tartışılacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, ADES’in kurulduğugünden itibaren gösterdiği performansı değerlendirmek yerine yirmi birinci yüzyılda değişen küreseldiplomatik sistemin ışığında, AB diplomasisinin nasıl şekillendiğini ve AB’nin diplomatik aktörüolarak ADES’in diplomasi anlayışını ve yapısını ortaya koymaktır. Lizbon Antlaşması’nın yürürlüğegirişinin onuncu yıl dönümü olması sebebiyle konuya tekrar dikkat çekmekte ve AB’nin diplomatikgelişimini tartışmakta fayda olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Analyzing Party Positions and Electoral Dynamics in Turkey
Authors: KUMBARACIBAŞI Arda Can
Published: September 2019

This article examines the June and November 2015 general elections in Turkey – the final electionsbefore Turkey’s transition into a presidential system – focusing on the political environment leading upto the elections, the coalition deals and potential coalition scenarios between the two elections and theaftermath of the November elections. The analysis is two-fold: first section looks into the backgroundof electoral politics in Turkey and how policy dimensions of parties changed or stabilized over the years,covering the concepts of coalition potential, party adaptability and survival. The second section looksinto electoral geography in Turkey, changes in voting patterns, strategic voting and the discrepanciesin numbers in 2015.
Türkiye’de Devlet-Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları İlişkisi ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarına Katılım
Authors: ŞAHİN Osman , AKBOĞA Sema
Published: September 2019

Yapılan araştırmalar, sivil toplum kuruluşlarına katılımın demokrasi üstünde olumlu bir etkisiolduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak Türkiye’de sivil toplum kuruluşlarına üyelik düşüktür. Bu çalışma,Türkiye’de devlet ile sivil toplum kuruluşları arasındaki ilişkinin tarihine ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarınakatılımı etkileyen faktörleri inceleyen literatüre dayanarak Türkiye’de sivil toplum kuruluşlarınaüyeliğin düşük olmasının nedenlerini araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada, 2015senesinde Türkiye nüfusunu temsil eden bir örneklem ile gerçekleştirilmiş ulusal bir anket çalışmasıkullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler, Türkiye’de kişilerin sivil toplum kuruluşlarını demokrasinin önemliöğesi olarak görmediğine işaret etmiştir. Ayrıca, devletin sivil toplum kuruluşlarını dikkate alması,sivil toplum kuruluşlarının devletten bağımsız hareket etmesi ve vatandaşların çekinmeden sivilkuruluşlarına üye olması gibi konularda katılımcıların büyük bir kısmının olumsuz düşüncelere sahipolduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de sivil toplum ve devlet ilişkilerinin problemli tarihininkişilerin sivil toplum kuruluşlarına karşı bu olumsuz yargılara sahip olmalarına ve dolayısıyla siviltoplum kuruluşlarına üyelikten kaçınmalarına neden olduğu sonuca varmıştır.
Popülizm-Demokrasi İlişkisi: Latin Amerika’dan Örnekler
Authors: GENÇ YILMAZ Ayfer
Published: September 2019

Latin Amerika, popülizm çalışan araştırmacılar açısından önemli bir araştırma alanı olarak ortayaçıkıyor. Dünyanın bu bölgesinde, popülizmin farklı türlerine rasgelmek mümkün. Üstelik LatinAmerika’da, tarih boyunca, popülist liderlerin siyasal gücü ele geçirmeyi başardıkları söylenebilir.Elinizdeki çalışma, popülizm ve demokrasi arasındaki çatışmalı ilişkiyi incelemek niyetindedir.Bunu yaparken popülizm bir siyasal tarz olarak ve liderin merkezi rolüne referansla tanımlanacaktır.Bu doğrultuda, Arjantin’de Peron dönemi klasik popülizmi, Peru’da Fujimori’nin sağ popülizmi venihayetinde Venezüella’da Chavez’in sol popülizminin analizinin göstereceği üzere demokrasi vepopülizm ilişkisi farklı popülizmlerin varlığına rağmen büyük ölçüde aynı kalmıştır. Bu doğrultudadenilebilir ki popülizm, demokrasinin içerici kapasitesini artırmış, buna karşın, anayasal denetimmekanizmalarına, demokratik kurumlara ve genel anlamda liberal demokrasiye zarar vermiştir.
Çevre Hukuku İncelemesi: ‘Tabiatı ve Biyolojik Çeşitliliği Koruma Kanunu Tasarısı (2012)’
Authors: KOCALAR Aziz Cumhur
Published: September 2019

İnsanlığa katkı için bir yaşam basamağı olan kültürel ve doğal değerlerin korunması gerekli vezorunludur. Öyle ki bu değerler, bulunduğu yerin malikinin, ulusunun hatta uluslararası toplumundeğil, tüm insanlığın temelde ortak malıdır ve insanlığın sosyo-ekonomik, siyasal, kültürel gelişmişlikdüzeyini görünür kılmaktadırlar. Korunacak bu değerlere uygulanacak ulusal mevzuatımız; kültür vetabiat varlıkları, kıyı, çevre, yer altı suları, akarsu, orman, milli park, sit alanları, ören yerleri ayrıcaBoğaziçi, endüstri, teknolojik gelişme, turizm teşvik, özel çevre koruma bölgeleri vb. konularla ilgili yasave yönetmelikleridir. 2012 yılında ülke gündemine son kez düşen “Tabiatı ve Biyolojik Çeşitliliği KorumaKanunu Tasarısı” sivil toplumun tüm içtenlikli uyarılara karşın kamuoyunu ayrı dönemlerde meşguletmekten öteye geçememiştir. Düzenlemeler, her türlü kamusal varlığı metalaştırma, “parasal yararkaynağına” dönüştürme yaklaşımının tüm göstergelerini taşımaktadır. Bu yönüyle değerlendirildiğinde;Tasarı, bir bakıma o günkü düzenlemeler ile ülkemizdeki doğal varlıkların da ayırtına varıldığını ortayakoymaktadır. Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde ise; AB üyelik sürecinin ve uluslararası bağıtlanmalarıngereği “göstermelik” bir düzenleme olarak hazırlanmış olduğu kanısı veren Tasarıyla, gerçekte, ekolojikhasarlara ve zamanla da yıkımlara yol açabilecek olan çeşitli etkinlikler de kolaylaştırılmış olacaktır.Tasarı, bu yönüyle, son dönemde yaşanmış ekolojik yıkıcılığının yakın geçmişte kalmış en önemliörneğini oluşturmuştur. Neoliberal hükümetler, varlığının ekonomik temellerini sürdürebilmek içinemeğin yanı sıra doğal varlık, ortam ve süreçleri daha fazla sömürmenin her yoluna başvurmaktançekinmemektedirler. Dolayısıyla, gerektiğinde başka yeni yollar da üretmeyi sürdürmüşlerdir. HES’ler,“2B”, maden ocakları vb. türden uygulamalarının ekonomi politik nedenlerinin görmezden gelinmesi,romantik sayılabilecek söylem ve çabalarla yetinilmesi, düzenlemelerle hedeflenen işlerin yapılmasınıdaha da kolaylaştırmaktadır. Tasarı, yol açabileceği yıkımların önüne geçme çabasındakiler için butemel gerçekliklerle ve metinsel anlamda da gözden kaçırılmaması gereken boşluklar yaratan sorunluyanlarıyla birlikte yeniden irdelenerek tartışılmaktadır.
Çağdaş Amerikan Dış Politikasında Machiavellici Eğilimler: Politik Aldatma, İmaj ve Irak Savaşı
Authors: OĞUZ Gökhan
Published: September 2019

Siyasi düşünceler tarihinin en tartışmalı isimlerinden biri olan Niccolo Machiavelli’nin siyasetanlayışında politik bir araç olarak aldatma ve bununla ilişkili olarak imaj, önemli bir işlev ve konumasahip bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Machiavellici siyaset teorisinin bu yönü bağlamında, çağdaşAmerikan dış politikasının Machiavellici eğilimler taşıyıp taşımadığını tespit etmek üzere, Amerikandış politikasının söylemsel inşasında Soğuk Savaş ve sonrası dönemde kullanılan söylemsel araçlar elealınmaktadır. Böylelikle Machiavelli’nin politik eyleme ilişkin görüşlerinin günümüz dünyasındakigeçerlilik düzeyinin ve çağdaş siyasi olgu ve olayları anlama ve anlamlandırmada sunduğu imkânın dadeğerlendirilebileceği bir zemin elde edilmektedir. Çalışmada Irak Savaşı, söz konusu araçlar vasıtasıylaişletilen söylemsel mekanizmanın kullanım durumunun ve başarı performansının sınanacağı bir örnekolay olarak ele alınmaktadır.
Türkiye’nin Güvenlik Anlayışındaki Dönüşüm: Türkiye – Irak İlişkileri
Authors: AL Arzu , ASLAN Nur
Published: September 2019

Soğuk Savaş Dönemi dış politika pratikleri incelendiğinde geleneksel güvenlik yaklaşımlarınınön planda olduğu açıkça görülmektedir. Devlet temelli güvenlik yaklaşımı ile temel amaç toprakbütünlüğünün ve egemenliğinin korunması iken Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde iki süper güç arasındaküresel anlamda etkileyebilecek bir savaş ortamının sona ermesinin ardından geleneksel güvenlikyaklaşımında bir dönüşüm yaşanmıştır. 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren insan güvenliği, çevre güvenliğihatta gezegen güvenliği gibi kavramlar uluslararası ilişkiler literatüründe yer tutmaya başlamıştır.Buna rağmen devlet güvenliğinin yine güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımında başat rolü göz ardı edilemez.Türkiye, küresel anlamda değişen güvenlik yaklaşımına bağlı olarak, 2000’li yıllardan itibaren, dış ve içpolitikada süregelen geleneksel ulusal güvenlik yaklaşımını revize etmeye başlamıştır.Bu çalışmada, Kopenhag Okulu temelli, inşacı yaklaşımla öne sürülen güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımıanaliz edilip, Türkiye dış politikasının güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımı mercek altına alınacaktır. KopenhagOkulu iddiasının aksine klasik ulusal güvenlik yaklaşımı varlığını kaybetmezken, son yıllarda ön planaçıkan yeni dış politika söylemleri ile Türkiye için güvenlik kavramı şekil değiştirmiş ve uzun vadeli dışpolitika hedeflerine ulaşılabilmesi için ulusal güvenlik söylemi ön planda tutulmaya başlanmıştır. Diğeryandan, Türkiye’nin Irak konusunda güvenlik politikaları incelenirken, Kopenhag Okulu tarafındanortaya atılan teoriyte getirilen eleştiriler de göz önünde bulundurulacaktır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye –Irak ilişkileri bu çalışma için baz teşkil edecek örnek olay niteliğindedir. Türkiye’nin Irak konusundagüvenlikleştirme politikalarının başarılı olup olmadığını konusu da bu çalışmada incelenecek konulararasındadır.
Sign-changing multi-bump solutions for the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equations in ℝ2
Authors: Chen Zhi , Tang Xianhua , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2019

In this paper we consider the nonlinear Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equations with general nonlinearity

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
-{\it\Delta} u+\lambda V(|x|)u+\left(\frac{h^2(|x|)}{|x|^2}+\int\limits^{\infty}_{|x|}\frac{h(s)}{s}u^2(s)ds\right)u=f(u),\,\, x\in\mathbb R^2,
\end{array}$$

where λ > 0, V is an external potential and

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
h(s)=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^s_0ru^2(r)dr=\frac{1}{4\pi}\int\limits_{B_s}u^2(x)dx
\end{array}$$

is the so-called Chern-Simons term. Assuming that the external potential V is nonnegative continuous function with a potential well Ω := int V–1(0) consisting of k + 1 disjoint components Ω0, Ω1, Ω2 ⋯, Ωk, and the nonlinearity f has a general subcritical growth condition, we are able to establish the existence of sign-changing multi-bump solutions by using variational methods. Moreover, the concentration behavior of solutions as λ → +∞ are also considered.
Sports Participation is Worth Two Letter Grades in Undergraduate Admissions Decisions
Authors: Lavallee David
Published: September 2019

The current study aimed to assess the impact of sports participation on undergraduate admissions decisions at universities, colleges, and conservatoires in the United Kingdom. A between subjects, experimental design was employed. Participants from providers of undergraduate courses completed an on-line experiment that required them to make a decision on one of three randomly assigned undergraduate applications written for the study: one without sport participation included (control) and two modified versions with sport participation included (one for team sports and one for individual sports). Participants were asked to decide whether to make an offer or reject the application. Significant differences were found between the control and sport-modified applications for one and two grade differences overall, as participation in sport elevated the undergraduate application. As this study was delimited to sport participation, the findings cannot be generalized to other extra-curricular activities. Future researchers could extend this investigation by examining the economic and social impact of participation in sports at secondary school post-University.
Closed-die Forging Technology and Numerical Simulation of Aluminum Alloy Connecting Rod
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Yandong
Published: September 2019

In order to improve quality and reveal the law of precision forging, closed-die forging technology is used in this paper to conduct a numerical analysis of the forming process of aluminum alloy connecting rod by the DEFORM software. Forming effects under different loading modes were acquired, and forming process, blank flow characteristics, stress-strain distribution and load-stroke curve characteristics were analyzed. Study results indicate that the forming effect under the loading mode featuring first movement of lateral punch and then movement of upper and lower punches is good with high quality forge piece and no defect, the closed-die forging technology of aluminum alloy connecting rod is reasonable and feasible. Under a certain deformation velocity and deformation mode, aluminum alloy connecting rod forming load firstly reduces and then increases, the forming load is in direct proportion to deformation velocity. When the forming process is finished, forming load reaches 130T, it accords with the production practice. The study results provide a certain reference for guiding the formulation of closed-die forging production technology of aluminum alloy connecting rods.
Blinking Extraction in Eye gaze System for Stereoscopy Movies
Authors: Rogalska Anna , Rynkiewicz Filip , Daszuta Marcin , Guzek Krzysztof , Napieralski Piotr
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to present methods for human eye blink recognition. The main function of blinking is to spread tears across the eye and remove irratants from the surface of the cornea and conjuctiva. Blinking can be associated with internal memory processing, fatigue or activation in central nervous system. There are currently many methods for automatic blink detection. The most reliable methods include EOG or EEG signals. These methods, however, are associated with a decrease in the comfort of the examined person. This paper presents a method to detect blinks with the eye-tracker device. There are currently many blink detection methods for this devices. Two popular eye-trackers were tested in this paper. In addition a method for improving detection efficiency was proposed.
Phase transition of BiNb1−xMnxO4−δ: Thermal analyse, NEXAFS, XPS and ESR-study
Authors: Zhuk Nadezhda A. , Belyy Vladimir A. , Lutoev Vladimir P. , Makeev Boris A. , Nekipelov Sergey V. , Sivkov Viktor N. , Koroleva Aleksandra V. , Beznosikov Dmitriy S. , Feltsinger Lubov S.
Published: September 2019

The manganese-doped polymorphs of bismuth orthoniobate were studied using thermal analysis, ESR, XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy. It was shown that the phase transition from the orthorhombic (α) to the triclinic (β) modification can be reversible and it can be achieved by prolonged calcination of samples at 750°C. The DSC curves revealed no thermal effects associated with the phase transformation from the triclinic to the orthorhombic modification near 750°C. In the ESR spectra, the absorption band with g = 3.8 characterized by sextet structure disappeared during the phase transformation from the - to the -form and only the broad component with average intensity was observed at g = 2.2-2.0. According to NEXAFS spectroscopy data, the content of oxidized Mn(III) atoms increased and the content of Mn(II) decreased in the orthorhombic polymorph obtained at 750°C from the tri-clinic modification.
Recent Advances in Tissue plasminogen activator-based nanothrombolysis for ischemic stroke
Authors: Huang Dongdong , Wu Ke , Zhang Ying , Ni Zhihui , Zhu Xiaohong , Zhu Can , Yang Jianjing , ZhuGe Qichuan , Hu Jiangnan
Published: September 2019

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disorder caused by sudden decrease or interruption of blood flow in brain arteries. Deficiency of timely and effective reperfusion of ischemic brain tissue can lead to irreversible brain injury and neurological dysfunction. Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only appropriate thrombolytic agent which is approved by FDA for patients with acute ischemic stoke. However, due to the limitation of very narrow therapeutic time window and severe intracranial hemorrhagic complication, the outcome of stroke treatment mediated by rt-PA still remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to find new alternative drugs or develop novel drug delivery system to achieve better outcomes. In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechonology, nanomaterials as a drug delivery system can provide new strategies and methods to carry t-PA specifically to the occlusion site and provide advanced treatment for stroke. In this review, we briefly introduced the physiopathologic mechanisms of thrombolysis and focused on the comparison of the t-PA mediated thrombolysis and t-PA conjugated nanomaterial mediated thrombolysis.
Signaling in Simple Steatosis and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis: TGF-β1, YAP/TAZ, and Hedgehog Pathway Activity
Authors: Mohagheghi Sina , Khajehahmadi Zohreh , Tavilani Heidar
Published: September 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of fat in the liver tissue that is usually associated with metabolic disorders. Traditionally, the disease is regarded as a spectrum of pathological conditions ranging from simple steatosis (SS) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis with progression to cirrhosis. However, so far, there is no available explanation for the disease progression. Several signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, hedgehog (HH), and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling are attributed to the NAFLD pathogenesis. TGF-β1 pathway component expression aligns with HH pathway ligands expression elevate in NASH cirrhosis while they decrease in SS. YAP and TAZ are two transcriptional co-activators from the Hippo signaling pathway. Similarly, the TAZ level (but not YAP1) is higher in NASH cirrhosis compared to SS. In addition, these three signaling pathways have little molecular similarity but their changes are totally similar in SS and NASH cirrhosis. The present review discusses the main changes in the expression of TGF-β, HH, and YAP/TAZ pathway components in SS and NASH cirrhosis. It is hoped that these data provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of NAFLD.
The Effects of Subcutaneous Administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Pregnancy Outcome After Assisted Reproductive Technology: Clinical Trial
Authors: Farimani Marzie , Mehrabi Narges , Pirdehghan Azar , Bahmanzadeh Maryam
Published: September 2019

Background: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an innovative therapy in reproductive medicine. Although its mechanisms of action have remained unknown, G-CSF seems to be effective in the case of recurrent abortion or implantation failure and thin endometrium. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate whether subcutaneous administration of G-CSF has any effect on pregnancy outcome after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods: Fifty women with male infertility factors undergoing ART treatment were enrolled and stimulated with the standard long protocol. The G-CSF group of women received one dose of subcutaneous G-CSF (Filgrastim, 300 µg/1 mL) on the day of embryo transfer and again two days later while the placebo group received normal saline. Results: Seventeen patients had a positive β-human chorionic gonadotropin concentration after embryo transfer (8 and 9 in G-CSF and placebo groups, respectively) although the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, spontaneous abortion occurred in three patients (1 patient in the G-CSF group vs. 2 patients in the placebo group). Conclusion: Overall, although G-CSF failed to affect the endometrial thickness, as well as implantation, or clinical pregnancy rates, a lower prevalence of abortion in G-CSF group may be due to the positive effect of G-CSF administration on the endometrium as compared to the placebo group.
Protective Role of Ce Nanoparticles Against the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Exposure to Paraquat
Authors: Heidary Dartoti Hamid , Firozian Farzin , Soleimani Asl Sara , Ranjbar Akram
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against paraquat (PQ)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats were divided into four 8-member groups and treated intraperitoneally with PQ and/or CeNPs for 14 days. Group 1 received PQ (5 mg/kg/d), group 2 received CeNPs (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d), group 3 received a combination of PQ (5 mg/kg/d) and CeNPs (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d), and group 4 (control group) received saline solution. Serum samples along with liver tissue samples were collected from all the rats. Oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, total thiol groups, DNA damage, and nitric oxide levels were determined. Histological samples were also analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining slides. Results: Levels of oxidative stress and hepatic tissue damage were significantly higher in the PQ group compared to the control group. CeNPs at a dose of 15 mg/kg showed the antioxidant activity and compromised the PQ-induced damage. Conclusion: In the scenario tested in this study, CeNPs could reduce the levels of OS, as well as hepatic damage induced by PQ.
Effects of Resistance, Endurance, and Concurrent Exercise on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Histological Changes of Intestine After Morphine Withdrawal in Rats
Authors: Salehi Iraj , Zarrinkalam‎ Ebrahim , Mirzaei Fatemeh , Abbasi Oshaghi Ebrahim , Ranjbar Kamal , Asl Sara Soleimani
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance, endurance, and concurrent exercise on oxidative stress markers and histological changes of the intestine after morphine withdrawal in rats. Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) including healthy control, withdrawal (rat received morphine for 21 days and 8 weeks of withdrawal period), withdrawal + endurance exercises, withdrawal + resistance exercises, and withdrawal + concurrent exercises. The rats practiced endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercises for 10 weeks. Then, their intestines were removed and used for biochemical and histological analysis. Next, several factors were measured such as total protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Finally, the morphological alteration of intestine was examined under the light microscope. Results: Morphine withdrawal significantly increased the levels of MDA in the intestine of withdrawal rats compared to those of the control group while endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise reduced the MDA levels in the intestine. In addition, morphine withdrawal led to a decrease in TAC and GSH levels in the intestine compared to control rats whereas endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise noticeably increased TAC and GSH levels. Interestingly, the change in the concurrent group was more significant. Moreover, the levels of TOS demonstrated a significant increase in the addicted rat as compared to the control group. Conversely, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly decreased TOS levels and the reduction was more significant in the concurrent group. Finally, the intestine of withdrawal rat was morphologically abnormal while it restored by the exercise. Conclusion: Overall, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly normalized oxidative stress and the morphological changes of the intestine in withdrawal rats.