bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐1 and Social Cognition in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Gil‐Polo Cecilia , Martinez‐Horta Saul‐Indra , Sampedro Santalo Frederic , Martín‐Palencia María , Gundín‐Menéndez Simón , Alvarez‐Baños Pilar , Maza‐Pereg Laura , Calvo Sara , Collazo Carla , Alonso‐García Esther , Riñones‐Mena Esther , Arrabal‐Alonso Angela , Núñez Rodriguez Juan , Saiz‐Rodriguez Miriam , Aguado Laura , Mariscal Natividad , Muñoz‐Siscart Ignacio , Piñeiro Dolores , Rivadeneyra Jessica , Diez‐Fairen Monica , Miguel‐Pérez Irene , Cubo Esther
Published: November 2022

Background

Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) seems to be involved in the neural circuits associated with social cognition and brain structure.

Objectives

To investigate the association of IGF‐1 levels with social cognition and brain structure in Huntington's disease (HD).

Methods

We evaluated social cognition using the Ekman test in 22 HD patients and 19 matched controls. Brain structure was assessed using standard volume‐based voxel‐based morphometry and surface‐based cortical thickness pipeline. We analyzed the association of IGF‐1 levels with social cognition and brain structure using adjusted regression analysis.

Results

Social cognition was worse in HD patients (P < 0.001), on antidopaminergic drugs (P = 0.02), and with lower IGF‐1 levels (P = 0.04). In neuroimaging analyses, lower IGF‐1 levels were associated with social cognition impairment and atrophy mainly in frontotemporal regions (P < 0.05 corrected).

Conclusions

In HD, abnormal IGF‐1 function seems to be associated with brain atrophy leading to clinical deficits in social cognition.
Mathematical modeling for relation between parents' health education and vaccine uptake
Authors: Al‐arydah Mo'tassem
Published: November 2022

We formulate susceptible–infectious–susceptible (SIS) mathematical models to assess health education roles in enhancing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines uptake in both childhood and adult ages. The model is considered in logistically growing populations. We derive the basic reproduction number for the model and use it to describe the local‐asymptotic stability of the disease‐free equilibrium (DFE). The contribution of educated and uneducated in basic reproduction number is estimated too. We estimate the time series solution of the model for uneducated, low educated and high educated scenarios. The higher the education level the more the vaccine uptake, the less the risky behavior, and the shorter the time needed to control HPV. Late education for adults is more effective than early education for children as late education is applied with vaccine and that could increase vaccine uptake for parents and their kids. Moreover, we introduce an optimal problem to search for the best introduction of early and late educations that maximize the vaccines uptake and control HPV with the least possible cost. In the time period 20 years, the time‐dependent optimal educations are as follows: Full coverage of early education for the full period regardless of vaccine efficacy used. This needs to be supported with maximum education rate (one unit) for the first 13 years for vaccine with 90% efficacy, which needs to be extended for three more years when vaccine efficacy is reduced to 65%. The optimal educations have almost the same cost and the same effect in reducing HPV cases regardless of vaccine efficacy. This means that increasing health education is a viable low‐cost strategy to support vaccines that have low efficacy.
A review of fiber‐coupled atomic magnetometer
Authors: Liu Xuejing , Bi Weihong , Li Yang , Hu Yanhui , Chang Min , Zhang Xuedian
Published: November 2022

Fiber‐coupled atomic magnetometer (AM) based on a spin‐exchange relaxation‐free (SERF) regime has been a promising candidate for cryogenic devices for traditional magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems, as it has a flexible structure and a small lateral section for biomedical applications. The principles, key technologies, and applications of fiber‐coupled AM based on the atomic spin effect are reviewed in this paper. The principle of fiber‐coupled AM is introduced, the characteristics of conventional and fiber‐coupled AMs are compared, and the development history and current situation are reviewed. In addition, according to the demands for MEG applications, the key technologies of fiber‐coupled AM are summarized, and the bottleneck problems and future development directions for weak magnetic measurement are analyzed.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy ‐ you can have your cake and eat it too!
Authors: Mohan Radhe
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Arguably, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is one of the most important contributions by physicists in medicine to the treatment of cancer. It enabled the achievement of dose distributions that allowed treatment of targets to high doses and yet spared normal tissues to degrees previously considered virtually impossible. The concept underlying IMRT for photons, originally called “inverse planning,” was introduced by Anders Brahme in the early 1980s. Since then, many physicists have been conducting research to advance the state of the art, to overcome obstacles discovered and to develop tools and techniques to translate it clinically. IMRT was first implemented clinically the early 1990's. Soon thereafter, it was also incorporated into intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT), initially for protons and eventually for ions heavier than protons.

Methods

In IMRT, intensities of small segments or beamlets of multiple incident beams are optimized to produce the best approximation of desired dose distributions that deliver the requisite tumor dose and maximally spare normal tissues. Such dose distributions are delivered using dynamic multi‐leaf collimators whose leaves move continuously while the radiation is on or in a step‐and‐shoot fashion. For IMPT, there is an extra degree of freedom, that of energies of particle beamlets, which are part of the optimization process. IMPT dose distributions allow substantial additional sparing of normal tissues. They are delivered using scanning beams.

Results

IMRT and IMPT represents a true paradigm shift in the way cancer patients are treated. Their evolution, especially that of IMPT, is still ongoing, with new advancements being added continually. With the improving understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy, it is quite plausible that a combination of IMPT and immunotherapy will mature into one of the most effective ways of treating not just localized cancers but also systemic disease.
DeepCEST 7 T: Fast and homogeneous mapping of 7 T CEST MRI parameters and their uncertainty quantification
Authors: Hunger Leonie , Rajput Junaid R. , Klein Kiril , Mennecke Angelika , Fabian Moritz S. , Schmidt Manuel , Glang Felix , Herz Kai , Liebig Patrick , Nagel Armin M. , Scheffler Klaus , Dörfler Arnd , Maier Andreas , Zaiss Moritz
Published: November 2022

Purpose

In this work, we investigated the ability of neural networks to rapidly and robustly predict Lorentzian parameters of multi‐pool CEST MRI spectra at 7 T with corresponding uncertainty maps to make them quickly and easily available for routine clinical use.

Methods

We developed a deepCEST 7 T approach that generates CEST contrasts from just 1 scan with robustness against B1 inhomogeneities. The input data for a neural feed‐forward network consisted of 7 T in vivo uncorrected Z‐spectra of a single B1 level, and a B1 map. The 7 T raw data were acquired using a 3D snapshot gradient echo multiple interleaved mode saturation CEST sequence. These inputs were mapped voxel‐wise to target data consisting of Lorentzian amplitudes generated conventionally by 5‐pool Lorentzian fitting of normalized, denoised, B0‐ and B1‐corrected Z‐spectra. The deepCEST network was trained with Gaussian negative log‐likelihood loss, providing an uncertainty quantification in addition to the Lorentzian amplitudes.

Results

The deepCEST 7 T network provides fast and accurate prediction of all Lorentzian parameters also when only a single B1 level is used. The prediction was highly accurate with respect to the Lorentzian fit amplitudes, and both healthy tissues and hyperintensities in tumor areas are predicted with a low uncertainty. In corrupted cases, high uncertainty indicated wrong predictions reliably.

Conclusion

The proposed deepCEST 7 T approach reduces scan time by 50% to now 6:42 min, but still delivers both B0‐ and B1‐corrected homogeneous CEST contrasts along with an uncertainty map, which can increase diagnostic confidence. Multiple accurate 7 T CEST contrasts are delivered within seconds.
Choreito, a Kampo medicine attenuates detrusor overactivity and bladder pain symptoms in rat tranilast‐induced interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome‐like model
Authors: Tokita Yohei , Sugaya Kimio , Nishijima Saori , Tsuchiya Naoko , Hamaguchi Marie , Yamamoto Hideyuki
Published: November 2022

Aims

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder. However, there are only a few medicines that are of pharmaceutical grade and reliably effective for IC/BPS symptoms. Choreito (CRT) is a pharmaceutical‐grade Kampo medicine and has been widely prescribed for patients of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and BPS in Japan. In this study, we exploratory investigated the effects of CRT on the IC/BPS‐like symptoms induced by tranilast.

Methods

The rat IC/BPS‐like model was induced by feeding administration with 0.4% tranilast. The rats were divided into the three following treatment groups: normal diet (Normal), tranilast treatment (Control), and the groups of 1% CRT (CRT) treatment for IC/BPS‐like model. After 4 weeks, continuous cystmetry, locomotor, and vascular permeability was assessed. Furthermore, the cytokine levels in bladder were analyzed by the Bio‐Plex suspension array system and plasma monoamine were measured.

Results

Control group exhibited 14.3% decrease of locomotor activity in the dark period, and which were 20.3% increase by 1%CRT treatment. The voiding interval was shorter in control than in other groups. 1%CRT suppressed the shortening of voiding interval. Evans blue leakage of bladder wall observed 44.8% higher in control group than in the normal group. The leakage of 1%CRT group was 33.3% less than in the control group. The cytokine level of IFNγ and VEGF were elevated in the control, and CRT treatment suppressed the elevation of IFNγ in the bladder. Plasma noradrenaline was significantly reduced by CRT treatment compared normal group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that CRT can be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of IC/BPS‐like symptoms.
Dynamic policy for idling time preservation
Authors: Legros Benjamin
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine and evaluate dynamic idling policies where an agent can idle while some customers remain waiting. This type of policies can be employed in situations where the flow of urgent customers does not allow the agent to spend sufficient time on back‐office tasks. We model the system as a single‐agent exponential queue with abandonment. The objective is to minimize the system's congestion while ensuring a certain proportion of idling time for the agent. Using a Markov decision process approach, we prove that the optimal policy is a threshold policy according to which the agent should idle above (below) a certain threshold on the queue length if the congestion‐related performance measure is concave (convex) with respect to the number of customers present. We subsequently obtain the stationary probabilities, performance measures, and idling time duration, expressed using complex integrals. We show how these integrals can be numerically computed and provide simpler expressions for fast‐agent and heavy‐traffic asymptotic cases. In practice, the most common way to regulate congestion is to control access to the service by rejecting some customers upon arrival. Our analysis reveals that idling policies allow high levels of idling probability that such rejection policies cannot reach. Furthermore, the greatest benefit of implementing an optimal idling policy occurs when the objective occupation rate is close to 50% in highly congested situations.
The Registered Nurses amid COVID‐19 in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Salvador Jordan Tovera , Alqahtani Friyal Mubarak , Jarrar Mu’taman Khalil Mohmoud , Trinidad Maria Abigail Cabiades , Alvarez Marc Oneel Castillo , Sanchez Kathlynn Buenaobra , Rosario Ahrjaynes Balanag , Reyes Lilibeth Dela Victoria , Cabonce Suzette Golez , Agman Darwin Damsani , Dorgham Sherien Ragab
Published: November 2022

Aim

To investigate the experiences of registered nurses’ lived experiences in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic crisis in a government hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

Design

Qualitative descriptive phenomenology.

Methods

Utilizing in‐depth interviews with twenty registered nurses with the use of purposive sampling from September to December 2020. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi methods, and a COREQ checklist was utilized to report the study’s results.

Results

The participants' narratives generated three major themes, namely: ‘one foot below the ground’, ‘the nightingale pledge’; and ‘hope beyond COVID‐19’. The lived experiences of Registered Nurses throughout the pandemic brought by the COVID‐19 virus increase a person's understanding of the phenomenon under investigation and plan collective actions to improve the nurses' welfare. The unique challenges faced by Registered Nurses as they carry out their duties in a variety of healthcare settings can be better appreciated if their experiences are taken into account. Nursing administrations all around the world can use the findings of this research to create safeguards for their staff.
A new symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin formulation for the Serre–Green–Naghdi equations
Authors: Zefzouf Meriem , Marche Fabien
Published: November 2022

In this work, we investigate the construction of a new discontinuous Galerkin discrete formulation to approximate the solution of Serre–Green–Naghdi (SGN) equations in the one‐dimensional horizontal framework. Such equations describe the time evolution of shallow water free surface flows in the fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive asymptotic approximation regime. A new non‐conforming discrete formulation belonging to the family of symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods is introduced to accurately approximate the solutions of the second order elliptic operator occurring in the SGN equations. We show that the corresponding discrete bilinear form enjoys some consistency and coercivity properties, thus ensuring that the corresponding discrete problem is well‐posed. The resulting global discrete formulation is then validated through an extended set of benchmarks, including convergence studies and comparisons with data taken from experiments.
Conformal structure‐preserving schemes for damped‐driven stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative noise
Authors: Song Mingzhan , Song Songhe , Zhang Wei , You Jingwei , Qian Xu
Published: November 2022

Since many physical phenomena are often influenced by dispersive medium, energy compensation and random perturbation, exploring the dynamic behaviors of the damped‐driven stochastic system has becoming a hot topic in mathematical physics in recent years. In this paper, inspired by the stochastic conformal structure, we investigate the geometric numerical integrators for the damped‐driven stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative noise. To preserve the conformal structures of the system, by using symplectic Euler method, implicit midpoint method and Fourier pseudospectral method, we propose three kinds of stochastic conformal schemes satisfying corresponding discrete stochastic multiconformal‐symplectic conservation laws and discrete global/local charge conservation laws. Numerical experiments illustrate the structure‐preserving properties of the proposed schemes, as well as favorable results over traditional nonconformal schemes, which are consistent with our theoretical analysis.
Public Health Insurance and Medical Spending: The Incidence of the ACA Medicaid Expansion
Authors: Shupe Cortnie
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the incidence of the cost burden associated with expanding public health insurance to low‐income adults in the context of the Affordable Care Act. Using data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS), I exploit exogenous variation in Medicaid eligibility rules across states, income groups and time. I find that public insurance eligibility reduced mean out‐of‐pocket spending by 19.6 percent among targeted households, but it did not causally increase total expenditures among beneficiaries. Rather, Medicaid expansion shifted the burden of payment from eligible households and private insurance (21.5 percent reduction) to taxpayers in the form of public insurance (46.6 percent increase). The efficiency of these public funds can be summarized by a mean Marginal Value of Public Funds of 0.70 in the full sample, 0.99 among households with at least one pre‐existing condition, and 1.26 in states with an above‐median number of public hospitals.
Investigating the Causal Effects of Arts Education
Authors: Bowen Daniel H. , Kisida Brian
Published: November 2022

There is a paucity of research on the causal relationship between arts learning and educational outcomes. Investigating these relationships has become imperative as policymakers increasingly prioritize empirical evidence of educational impacts, which often leads to curriculum narrowing that favors traditionally‐tested subjects. Employing a randomized controlled trial with 42 elementary and middle schools in Houston, Texas, we find that randomly assigning arts educational opportunities reduces disciplinary infractions, improves writing achievement, and increases students’ emotional empathy. Students in elementary schools, which were the primary focus of the program, also experience increases in school engagement, college aspirations, and cognitive empathy. As the first large‐scale randomized control trial of arts learning in an authentic school setting, these findings provide strong evidence that the arts can produce meaningful impacts on students’ academic outcomes and social‐emotional development. Education policymakers should consider these benefits when assessing the role of the arts in schools.
A novel PLA high oxygen barrier multilayer film/foam
Authors: de Souza Claudio Roberto Lima , Feng Jingxing , Olah Andrew , Baer Eric , Mauler Raquel Santos , Wnek Gary
Published: November 2022

Production of biopolymer for packaging applications is still a burgeoning demand with the rising environmental concern about pollution due to non‐degradable plastic waste materials. This paper introduces a novel approach, yet a continuous production method, to produce PLA multilayer film/foams structures having 16, 32, and 64 alternating layers which were developed by multilayer coextrusion technique, and the morphology, density, mechanical properties and oxygen transmission of the as‐extruded film/foams were characterized. The lightweight multilayered PLA film/foam has a unique solid/porous alternating horizontal architecture, in which the film layers can effectively control the growth of the cells and suppress the premature rupture of cells during coextrusion process. Tensile properties at elevated temperatures of the PLA film/foam were used to optimize thermoforming conditions. The effects of annealing temperature and time on the crystallinity and oxygen permeability of PLA multilayer film/foams were investigated. Oxygen transmission showed a strong correlation with the crystallinity of PLA multilayer film/foam. The material with 32 layers 50/50 film/foam achieved extremely high barrier after 30 min annealing, which is 35 times better than the control.
Room‐Temperature Charge‐to‐Spin Conversion from Quasi‐2D Electron Gas at SrTiO3‐Based Interfaces
Authors: Shashank Utkarsh , Deka Angshuman , Ye Chen , Gupta Surbhi , Medwal Rohit , Rawat Rajdeep Singh , Asada Hironori , Renshaw Wang X. , Fukuma Yasuhiro
Published: November 2022

Interfacial two‐dimensional electron gases (2DEG), especially the SrTiO3‐based ones at the unexpected interface of insulators, have emerged to be promising candidates for efficient charge–spin interconversion. Herein, to gain insight into the mechanism of the charge–spin interconversion, quasi‐2DEG between insulating SrTiO3 and two types of aluminum‐based amorphous insulators, namely SrTiO3/AlN and SrTiO3/Al2O3, are focused on and their charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency is estimated. The two types of amorphous insulators are selected to probe the overlooked contribution of oxygen vacancy. A mechanism to explain the results of spin–torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements is proposed and an analysis protocol to reliably estimate in quasi‐2DEG is developed. The resultant, thickness of the 2DEG, is estimated to be 0.244 and 0.101 nm−1 for SrTiO3/AlN and SrTiO3/Al2O3, respectively, which are strikingly comparable to their crystalline counterparts. Furthermore, a large direct current modulation of resonance linewidth in SrTiO3/AlN samples is developed, confirming and attesting an oxygen vacancy‐enabled charge–spin conversion. The findings emphasize the defects' contribution‐, especially in oxide‐based low‐dimensional systems, and provide a way to create and enhance charge–spin interconversion via defect engineering.
Perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia: A case‐control study
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo III , Gudu Wondimu
Published: November 2022

Background

Preeclampsia accounts for 10–15% maternal deaths globally, corresponding to 50,000 annual maternal deaths. Twin pregnancy is a known risk factor for preeclampsia; however, there is inadequate data on the clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. This paper studied the perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.

Methods

A case‐control study was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) from September 1, 2016 till August 31, 2018. A total of 173 twin deliveries (63 preeclampsia cases and 110 normotensive controls) were included in the study and the primary outcome was the frequency of preterm delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and statistical test of association was done using chi‐square test for categorical data. Variables with p value of <0.2 on bivariate analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. p value <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The frequency of preterm birth was 61.9% in the preeclampsia group and 33.6% in the normotensive group, p < 0.001. Preeclampsia group were 2.58 times more likely to have preterm delivery compared to matched normotensive controls [adjusted OR = 2.58, 95% CI (1.24 – 5.35), p = 0.01]. There was no difference in the rate of adverse neonatal outcome (respiratory distress syndrome, early neonatal death, and Low Apgar score) between the groups.

Conclusions

In this study, twin pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia were found to have an increased rate of preterm birth compared to matched controls without hypertension.
Estimating the benefit of Doppler wind lidars for short‐term low‐level wind ensemble forecasts
Authors: Nomokonova Tatiana , Griewank Philipp J. , Löhnert Ulrich , Miyoshi Takemasa , Necker Tobias , Weissmann Martin
Published: November 2022

This work focuses on the potential of a network of Doppler lidars for the improvement of short‐term forecasts of low‐level wind. For the impact assessment, we developed a new methodology that is based on ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA). In contrast to preceding network design studies using ESA, we calculate the explicit sensitivity including the inverse of the background covariance matrix to account directly for the localization scale of the assimilation system. The new method is applied to a pre‐existing convective‐scale 1,000‐member ensemble simulation to mitigate effects of spurious correlations. We evaluate relative changes in the variance of a forecast metric, that is, the low‐level wind components averaged over the Rhein–Ruhr metropolitan area in Germany. This setup allows us to compare the relative variance change associated with the assimilation of hypothetical observations from a Doppler wind lidar with respect to the assimilation of surface‐wind observations only. Furthermore, we assess sensitivities of derived variance changes to a number of settings, namely observation errors, localization length scale, regularization factor, number of instruments in the network, and their location, as well as data availability of the lidar measurements. Our results demonstrate that a network of 20–30 Doppler lidars leads to a considerable variance reduction of the forecast metric chosen. On average, an additional network of 25 Doppler lidars can reduce the 1–3 hr forecast error by a factor of 1.6–3.3 with respect to 10‐m wind observations only. The results provide the basis for designing an operational network of Doppler lidars for the improvement of short‐term low‐level wind forecasts that could be especially valuable for the renewable energy sector.
QuantumMonte Carlo: Reduction of time‐step error with the wave function correction method
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Anderson James B.
Published: November 2022

We compare the accuracy and precision of the wave function correction method to that of traditional diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (traditional DQMC) simulations. Direct calculation of corrections to trial wave functions reduces time step error for Be and Ne electronic ground state energies when compared to traditional DQMC results. The fixed‐node method is utilized for these fermionic systems, so error due to incorrect node locations is not addressed. This correction DQMC method achieves more accurate energies at larger time steps, promising decreased computational cost to reach a given accuracy. For an optimized Be trial wave function, the statistical uncertainty per unit of computational effort is also reduced relative to traditional DQMC. Correction DQMC utilizes walker feed integrals and growth factors, as reported previously. We illustrate the method in a simple harmonic oscillator example, and we report high accuracy energies for Be and Ne at several time steps.
Modelling spatial and temporal variability of water temperature across six rivers in Western Canada
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Pesklevits Jennifer C.
Published: November 2022

Increasing river water temperature in response to the warming climate is concerning for water quality and ecosystem health of rivers. This study provides an assessment of the spatio‐temporal variability of the ongoing and potential future river water temperature (Tw) change in western Canada. We use the air2stream model to reconstruct historical Tw dataset for 17 stations across six rivers, and employ the reconstructed Tw to analyze hydro‐climatic controls, trends, and sensitivities in relation to air temperature (Ta) and discharge. Results provide insights on the contrasting summer (July and August) Tw responses. While Tw is primarily Ta controlled for the northern rivers, discharge exerts increasing influence that approaches Ta control for the southern rivers. Trends in Tw are increasing and spatially varied, with significant increases and occurrences above the critical 18 and 20°C thresholds for the southern Fraser and Similkameen Rivers. A sensitivity analysis indicated 0.5–1.5°C Tw increases for a 2.0°C Ta increase, and 0.2–0.6°C Tw increases for a 20% summer discharge decline. Overall, the results provide critical information for understanding the river ecosystem health, such as cold‐water species habitat.
High resolution spatiotemporal patterns of flow at the landscape scale in montane non‐perennial streams
Authors: Sabathier Romy , Singer Michael Bliss , Stella John C. , Roberts Dar A. , Caylor Kelly K. , Jaeger Kristin L. , Olden Julian D.
Published: November 2022

Intermittent and ephemeral streams in dryland environments support diverse assemblages of aquatic and terrestrial life. Understanding when and where water flows provide insights into the availability of water, its response to external controlling factors, and potential sensitivity to climate change and a host of human activities. Knowledge regarding the timing of drying/wetting cycles can also be useful to map critical habitats for species and ecosystems that rely on these temporary water sources. However, identifying the locations and monitoring the timing of streamflow and channel sediment moisture remains a challenging endeavor. In this paper, we analyzed daily conductivity from 37 sensors distributed along 10 streams across an arid mountain front in Arizona (United States) to assess spatiotemporal patterns in flow permanence, defined as the timing and extent of water in streams. Conductivity sensors provide information on surface flow and sediment moisture, supporting a stream classification based on seasonal flow dynamics. Our results provide insight into flow responses to seasonal rainfall, highlighting stream reaches very reactive to rainfall versus those demonstrating more stable streamflow. The strength of stream responses to precipitation are explored in the context of surficial geology. In summary, conductivity data can be used to map potential stream habitat for water‐dependent species in both space and time, while also providing the basis upon which sensitivity to ongoing climate change can be evaluated.
Assessment of meander‐bend migration of a major distributary of the Ganges River within Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdoush Jannatul , Biswas Subir , Mondal M. Shahjahan
Published: November 2022

The Arial Khan is an important distributary river of the Ganges River within Bangladesh. The river is meandering, and channel shifting and bend migration are common. This study investigates the bend‐scale morphology of 37 characteristic bends of the river using Landsat imageries, river bathymetries, and hydrological data. The morphological changes of the river are correlated with the temporal shifting of its offtake, which in turn is linked to the dynamic behavior of the river in terms of sinuosity, bend geometry, and bend migration. Alterations in the offtake location, bed elevation, and in‐front bar formation are found to control the flow to the river. The sinuosity varies from 1.62 to 1.95 and is linked to the shifting of its offtake. The lifetimes of the bends increase from upstream to downstream with an average lifetime of 24 years. The radii of the bends vary from upper to lower reaches with an average radius of 921 m. The upper reach is more migration prone, and its average migration rate (108 m/year) is more than twice the other two reaches. A higher migration rate of 70–80 m/year is found for the river during 1981–1999 compared to the rates of 45–50 m/year for the rest of the study periods (1972–2021). An envelope curve depicting the relation between the relative curvature of a bend and its migration rate for the river is also developed. The overall morphology from 1972 to 2021 indicates that a significant increase in sinuosity and a reduction in river width and aspect ratio have occurred. The migration rate has declined slightly and the frequency of bend cutoffs has reduced notably in recent years. Nonetheless, due to the high rates of migration, there exists potential future threat to riverbank erosion in some critical bends, and hence damages to land, property, structure, and project on the vulnerable banks.
Adaptative Zero‐Bit Pattern Scheme for Reducing Energy Consumption of Non‐Volatile Memories
Authors: Choi Juhee
Published: November 2022

The main hindrances to employing non‐volatile memory (NVM) to the embedded system are the extra energy consumption and long latency of switching states of NVM cells. To mitigate these drawbacks, several schemes have been studied based on the read‐before‐write scheme (RBW), which reduces the number of write operations by skipping writing bits that are the same in the existing values and new values. Thus, they compare all bits before updating the data. However, these studies also need extra read operations for every write operation. To address this problem, a zero‐bit pattern scheme is proposed that skips accessing bit cells determined as zero‐bits. In addition, the granularity of the zero‐bit pattern is dynamically adjusted depending on the pattern of the non‐leading zeroes. The results of the experiments show that dynamic energy is reduced by 43.5% with 4.7% storage overhead. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Bladder pain syndrome in men
Authors: Derbyshire Laura , Pearce Ian
Published: November 2022

Bladder pain syndrome is a subset of chronic pelvic pain syndrome and a diagnosis of exclusion. It can significantly reduce quality of life and requires clinicians to have a high index of suspicion and provide prompt evidence‐based multidisciplinary management to patients to prevent ongoing distress.
No longer at your convenience: the consequences of closing public lavatories
Authors: Woodhouse Christopher
Published: November 2022

Loss of public lavatories is having an impact on some of the more vulnerable people in society who, for health reasons, rely on timely access to a toilet to allow them to leave their homes and enjoy some of the freedoms healthy folk may take for granted.
Diversity and emergence of new variants of African swine fever virus Genotype I circulating in domestic pigs in Nigeria (2016–2018)
Authors: Masembe C. , Adedeji A. J. , Jambol A. R. , Weka R. , Muwanika V. , Luka P. D.
Published: November 2022

Background

African swine fever (ASF) is the most lethal disease of pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV) with severe economic implications and threat to the swine industry in endemic countries. Between 2016 and 2018, several ASF outbreaks were reported throughout pig producing states in Nigeria.

Objectives

Thereafter, this study was designed to identify the ASFV genotypes responsible for these outbreaks within the study period (2016–2018).

Methods

Twenty‐two ASFV‐positive samples by polymerase chain reaction were selected. The samples were collected during passive surveillance in eight states of Nigeria were characterised using 3 partial genes sequences of the virus namely, p72 capsid protein of the B646L, p54 envelope protein of E183L and the central variable region (CVR) within B602L of ASFV.

Results

Phylogenetic and sequences analysis based on p72 and p54 revealed ASFV genotype I as the circulating virus. Sequence analysis of the CVR of B602L revealed genetic variations with six ASFV tandem repeat sequence (TRS) variants namely, Tet‐15, Tet‐20a, Tet‐21b, Tet‐27, Tet‐31 and Tet‐34, thus increasing the overall genetic diversity of ASFV in Nigeria. Three of the TRS variants, Tet‐21b, Tet‐31 and Tet‐34, were identified for the first time in Nigeria. The new TRS variants of ASFV genotype I were identified in Enugu, Imo, Plateau and Taraba states, while co‐circulation of multiple variants of ASFV genotype I was recorded in Plateau and Benue states.

Conclusions

The high genetic diversity, emergence and increasing recovery of new variants of genotype I in Nigeria should be a concern given that ASFV is a relatively stable DNA virus. The epidemiological implications of these findings require further investigation.
Epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma in a Javan silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus) and attempted treatment with masitinib
Authors: Leclerc Antoine , Lemberger Karin , Niphuis Henk , Pin Didier , Mulot Baptiste
Published: November 2022

A 14‐month‐old, female Javan silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus) was presented for inguinal circular, erythematous, crusty dermatitis. The animal was bright and alert, and appetite was good. Lesions progressed to the whole abdomen and became ulcerative. Skin biopsies revealed a cutaneous lymphoma and no metastases were detected on computed tomography scan. Anti‐tumoral treatment was attempted with masitinib (50 mg orally every 48 hours), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In the absence of improvement of the lesions, as treatment was well tolerated, masitinib dose was increased to 50 mg orally once a day. Effect on the lesions was minimal, clinical condition worsened and the animal died 9 months after initial presentation. Postmortem examination and histopathology confirmed multicentric epitheliotropic CD3+ cutaneous lymphoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous lymphoma in a langur, and the first attempt of treatment with masitinib in a non‐human primate species. Despite poor response, masitinib treatment appeared safe.
Aspekte entscheidungstheoretischer Grundlagen im Rahmen von Effectuation
Authors: Sterzel Martin
Published: November 2022

Effectuation erweitert das Gebiet entscheidungstheoretischer Konzepte und versucht sich von bisherigen Ansätzen, wie beispielsweise dem bayesschen Schließen, abzugrenzen. Im Rahmen des Kapitels wird Sarasvathy’s Interpretation des bayesschen Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriffs unter Zuhilfenahme der Bildung eines Wahrscheinlichkeitsraumes mathematisch formalisiert. Darüber hinaus werden Ansätze des maschinellen Lernens im Kontext von Effectuation erarbeitet, die über die bisher in der Literatur zu findenden Ausführungen hinausgehen. Sie stellen die Grundlage für das in der Arbeit entwickelte effektuative Entscheidungsmodell dar.
Evaluierung bestehender Modellierungs- und Simulationsansätze im Kontext von Effectuation
Authors: Sterzel Martin
Published: November 2022

Die Auseinandersetzung mit bestehenden Konzepten zur Modellierung von Effectuation dient einerseits einer Annäherung an die Forschungsfrage und andererseits der methodischen Aufarbeitung der Ansätze. Die in diesem Kapitel behandelten Simulationsmodelle werden zunächst beschreibend dargestellt und deren Wirkungsweisen im Kontext des realen entrepreneurialen Phänomens rläutert. Darauf aufbauend erfolgen die Verifikation sowie mathematische Formalisierung und Modellierung. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse der bestehenden Studien kritisch evaluiert und mit den aus replizierten Implementierungen gewonnenen Ergebnissen verglichen.
Forschungsmethodik
Authors: Sterzel Martin
Published: November 2022

Zur algorithmischen Interpretation von Effectuation kommen Ansätze agentenbasierter Modellierung zum Einsatz. Zur Abbildung effektuativen Lernens werden Methoden des Reinforcement Learnings zur Anwendung gebracht. Anhand einer protypischen Gründungssituation wird ein Zustandsraum gebildet, der als Lernumgebung des effektuativen Agenten dient. Durch Modellierung einer Belohnungsfunktion erhält der entrepreneuriale Agent die Möglichkeit Effectuation zu erlernen. Die Verwendung des Q-Learning-Algorithmus als Lernstrategie erlaubt die Modellierung der Kernelemente des entrepreneurialen Problemraums.
The holography of duality in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Bergman Oren , Hirano Shinji
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The space of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories exhibits an intricate structure of global one-form symmetries and SL(2, ℤ) duality orbits. In this paper we study this structure from the point of view of the holographic dual Type IIB string theory. Generalizing work by Witten, we map the different theories based on the gauge algebras su(N), so(N), and sp(N) to a choice of boundary conditions on bulk gauge fields. We show how the one-form symmetries and their anomalies, as well as the duality properties of the gauge theories, arise in the holographic picture. Along the way we prove that the number of disjoint SL(2, ℤ) duality orbits for the su(N) theories is given by the number of square divisors of N.
A precision test of averaging in AdS/CFT
Authors: Cotler Jordan , Jensen Kristan
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We reconsider the role of wormholes in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We focus on Euclidean wormholes that connect two asymptotically AdS or hyperbolic regions with 𝕊1 × 𝕊d−1 boundary. There is no solution to Einstein’s equations of this sort, as the wormholes possess a modulus that runs to infinity. To find on-shell wormholes we must stabilize this modulus, which we can do by fixing the total energy on the two boundaries. Such a wormhole gives the saddle point approximation to a non-standard problem in quantum gravity, where we fix two asymptotic boundaries and constrain the common energy. Crucially the dual quantity does not factorize even when the bulk is dual to a single CFT, on account of the fixed energy constraint. From this quantity we extract a smeared version of the microcanonical spectral form factor. For a chaotic theory this quantity is self-averaging, i.e. well-approximated by averaging over energy windows, or over coupling constants.

We go on to give a precision test involving the microcanonical spectral form factor where the two replicas have slightly different coupling constants. In chaotic theories this form factor is known to smoothly decay at a rate universally predicted in terms of one replica physics, provided that there is an average either over a window or over couplings. We compute the expected decay rate for holographic theories, and the form factor from a wormhole, and the two exactly agree for a wide range of two-derivative effective field theories in AdS. This gives a precision test of averaging in AdS/CFT.

Our results interpret a number of confusing facts about wormholes and factorization in AdS and suggest that we should regard gravitational effective field theory as a mesoscopic description, analogous to semiclassical mesoscopic descriptions of quantum chaotic systems.
A predictive and testable unified theory of fermion masses, mixing and leptogenesis
Authors: Fu Bowen , King Stephen F. , Marsili Luca , Pascoli Silvia , Turner Jessica , Zhou Ye-Ling
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We consider a minimal non-supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Theory (GUT) model that can reproduce the observed fermionic masses and mixing parameters of the Standard Model. We calculate the scales of spontaneous symmetry breaking from the GUT to the Standard Model gauge group using two-loop renormalisation group equations. This procedure determines the proton decay rate and the scale of U(1)B−L breaking, which generates cosmic strings and the right-handed neutrino mass scales. Consequently, the regions of parameter space where thermal leptogenesis is viable are identified and correlated with the fermion masses and mixing, the neutrinoless double beta decay rate, the proton decay rate, and the gravitational wave signal resulting from the network of cosmic strings. We demonstrate that this framework, which can explain the Standard Model fermion masses and mixing and the observed baryon asymmetry, will be highly constrained by the next generation of gravitational wave detectors and neutrino oscillation experiments which will also constrain the proton lifetime.
Black holes in dS3
Authors: Emparan Roberto , Pedraza Juan F. , Svesko Andrew , Tomašević Marija , Visser Manus R.
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In three-dimensional de Sitter space classical black holes do not exist, and the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution instead describes a conical defect with a single cosmological horizon. We argue that the quantum backreaction of conformal fields can generate a black hole horizon, leading to a three-dimensional quantum de Sitter black hole. Its size can be as large as the cosmological horizon in a Nariai-type limit. We show explicitly how these solutions arise using braneworld holography, but also compare to a non-holographic, perturbative analysis of backreaction due to conformally coupled scalar fields in conical de Sitter space. We analyze the thermodynamics of this quantum black hole, revealing it behaves similarly to its classical four-dimensional counterpart, where the generalized entropy replaces the classical Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. We compute entropy deficits due to nucleating the three-dimensional black hole and revisit arguments for a possible matrix model description of dS spacetimes. Finally, we comment on the holographic dual description for dS spacetimes as seen from the braneworld perspective.
The phase diagram of $$ T\overline{T} $$-deformed Yang-Mills theory on the sphere
Authors: Griguolo Luca , Panerai Rodolfo , Papalini Jacopo , Seminara Domenico
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We study the large-N dynamics of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory at genus zero. The 1/N-expansion of the free energy is obtained by exploiting the associated flow equation and the complete phase diagram of the theory is derived for both signs of the rescaled deformation parameter τ. We observe a third-order phase transition driven by instanton condensation, which is the deformed version of the familiar Douglas-Kazakov transition separating the weakly-coupled from the strongly-coupled phase. By studying these phases, we compute the deformation of both the perturbative sector and the Gross-Taylor string expansion. Nonperturbative corrections in τ drive the system into an unexplored disordered phase separated by a novel critical line meeting tangentially the Douglas-Kazakov one at a tricritical point. The associated phase transition is induced by the collision of large-N saddle points, determining its second-order character.
Leptin Densities in Amenable Groups
Authors: Pogorzelski Felix , Richard Christoph , Strungaru Nicolae
Published: November 2022

Consider a positive Borel measure on a locally compact group. We define a notion of uniform density for such a measure, which is based on a group invariant introduced by Leptin in 1966. We then restrict to unimodular amenable groups and to translation bounded measures. In that case our density notion coincides with the well-known Beurling density from Fourier analysis, also known as Banach density from dynamical systems theory. We use Leptin densities for a geometric proof of the model set density formula, which expresses the density of a uniform regular model set in terms of the volume of its window, and for a proof of uniform mean almost periodicity of such model sets.