bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Speed Rail Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Channel Model Based on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface System
Authors: Xu Qiong , Xie Jianli , Zhang Zepeng
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) for a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) system tailored to high-speed rail environments, addressing energy leakage at space lattice points caused by the time-dependent reception direction and differing antenna array resolutions. Initially, this study explores the spatial domain feature map and spreading antenna lobe characteristics from various RIS array configurations to reshape the polarization distribution and facilitate a virtual antenna array. Subsequently, the time-dependent reception direction and position are derived by integrating the dynamics of train operations. Finally, the received signal is aligned with the polarization direction to assess the signal reception efficiency and finalize the model output. Research findings indicate that the number of RIS elements, spacing between RIS elements, and mobile relay (MR) movement characteristics significantly influence the performance of the system. Compared to existing models, the proposed model proficiently captures the effects of time-dependent receiver angle properties and RIS array configuration.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Strategic Shift to Cloud ERP: Leveraging Microservice Architecture and MSPs for Resilience and Agility
Authors: Lee Chulhyung , Kim Hayoung Fiona , Lee Bong Gyou
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated profound changes in the business and technology landscapes, compelling organizations to reassess their Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Traditional ERP systems have demonstrated significant limitations in agility, scalability, and resilience, prompting a strategic shift towards cloud-based ERP solutions. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to critically evaluate the transformation of ERP systems through the adoption of Microservice Architecture (MSA) and the integration of Managed Service Providers (MSPs), highlighting their role in enhancing system flexibility and operational continuity in a post-pandemic world. We conducted a systematic analysis of 124 scholarly articles published since 2010 to compare traditional ERP systems with MSA-based Cloud ERP solutions. Key insights reveal that MSA significantly improves system modularity and adaptability, addressing the shortcomings of monolithic architectures. Additionally, MSPs offer crucial support in managing the complexities of cloud transitions, ensuring security and efficiency. Our findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to ERP modernization, integrating technological advancements with strategic business objectives. This study not only fills a critical gap in the literature but also provides actionable recommendations for practitioners and policymakers aiming to enhance ERP systems’ resilience and agility. Future research directions are proposed to further explore the synergistic potential of cloud ERP, MSA, and MSPs in fostering innovative and sustainable business practices.
Prognostic Factors of Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Oligometastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Spread to the Lungs
Authors: Kim Bohyun , Moon Mi Hyoung , Moon Seok Whan
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: Pulmonary metastasis is the most prevalent type of extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. International guidelines recommend systemic treatment for patients with HCC having pulmonary metastases. However, the role of pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, we assessed the survival outcomes and the factors influencing them in patients who underwent PM for metastatic HCC. Methods: Clinical data were collected from patients with HCC who underwent PM for metastasis at a single tertiary center between January 2004 and December 2022. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with survival outcomes. Results: Overall, 63 patients underwent PM with a median follow-up time of 84.0 months. The cumulative survival rates after the initial PM at 1, 2, and 5 years were 79.1%, 63.9%, and 35.6%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, early intrathoracic recurrence <6 months, number and size of metastases, resection margin status, and PM bilaterality were significantly associated with overall survival. A larger size of the primary HCC, increased number of repeated PM, and frequent lobectomy were more common in patients with early (<6 months) recurrence after PM than in those without early recurrence. Conclusions: PM in patients with metastatic HCC may provide acceptable survival outcomes for those with smaller, unilateral lung metastases that can be resected with generous surgical margins. However, early recurrence with reduced overall survival is likely in patients with a larger-size initial HCC after prior PM and lobectomy.
Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Kiciński Krzysztof , Gawęcki Maciej
Published: July 2024

Background: The goal of the study was to analyze variations in central, perifoveal, and peripheral retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) measured with ultra-wide-field optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT). Additionally, correlations between RT and CT in the central, perifoveal, and peripheral sectors and the presence of selected systemic factors were evaluated. Methods: A total of 74 consecutive adult diabetic patients with DME and 75 healthy controls were included. Study participants were divided into three groups: DME patients without panretinal photocoagulation (PRP; 84 eyes), DME patients after PRP (56 eyes), and healthy controls (125 eyes). RT and CT were analyzed in three zones: a central circle of 3 mm diameter (central), a ring contained between a centered 9 mm circle and the central 3 mm circle (perifoveal), and a second, more peripheral ring between centered 18 mm and 9 mm circles (peripheral). Additionally, DME subgroups were analyzed according to the correlation of RT and CT with age, axial length, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diabetes duration, insulin therapy duration, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, intravitreal injection (IVI) count, and the advancement of retinopathy assessed by the simplified diabetic retinopathy severity scale (DRSS). Results: The increase in RT in the far peripheral sectors in DME patients was not significant. The increases in central and perifoveal RT and lower values of CT in PRP-naive DME patients were strongly associated with poorer BCVA. Patients with DME after PRP presented with BCVA improvements significantly related to the number of IVIs. The amount of DME and RT in peripheral sectors were both independent of systemic factors such as BMI, duration of diabetes, duration of insulin intake, retinopathy severity, and HbA1c levels. Conclusions: Peripheral retinal sectors in DME patients are less affected in terms of increase in their thickness compared to central ones. Functional and morphological associations of DME with UWF-OCT testing refer to central and perifoveal sectors.
Real-Life Clinical Outcomes of Benralizumab Treatment in Patients with Uncontrolled Severe Asthma and Coexisting Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Chiner Eusebi , Murcia María , Boira Ignacio , Bernabeu María Ángeles , Esteban Violeta , Martínez-Moragón Eva
Published: July 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate, the clinical benefit of benralizumab in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Methods: The study included patients with uncontrolled severe asthma associated with CRSwNP who started therapy with benralizumab. Pulmonary function, eosinophilia, IgE, comorbidity, changes in the Asthma Control Test (ACT), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Quality of Life (AQLQ), VAS (obstruction, drip, anosmia, facial pressure), SNOT-22, decrease or withdrawal of steroids and other medication, hospital admissions and emergency visits were analysed. The FEOS scale and EXACTO were employed in the assessment of response. Results: We analyzed 58 patients who completed minimal treatment at 12 months. After treatment with benralizumab, exacerbations were reduced by 82% (p < 0.001), steroid cycles by 84% (p < 0.001), emergencies visit by 83% p < 0.001) and admissions by 76% (p < 0.001), improving all the scales for asthma control, (p < 0.001). In terms of lung function, differences were observed in FVC% (p < 0.001), FEV1% (p < 0.001), and FEV1/FVC% (69.5 ± 10 vs. 74 ± 10, p < 0.001). In relation to CRSwNP, differences were observed in SNOT-22 (54.66 ± 17 vs. 20.24 ± 9, p < 0.001), VAS obstruction (7.91 ± 1 vs. 1.36 ± 1, p < 0. 001), VAS drip (7.76 ± 1 vs. 1.38 ± 1, p < 0.001), VAS anosmia (7.66 ± 1 vs. 1.38 ± 1, p < 0.001) and VAS facial pressure (7.91 ± 1 vs. 1.22 ± 1, p < 0.001). The mean FEOS score after treatment was 73 ± 14. A complete response/super response was achieved in 33 patients (57%), good response in 16 (28%) and partial response in 9 (15%). Conclusions: The administration of benralizumab to patients with uncontrolled severe asthma associated with CRSwNP has been demonstrated to improve nasal symptoms, asthma control and lung function. This resulted in a reduction in the need for oral steroids, maintenance and rescue medication, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions, with 57% of patients achieving the clinical remission criteria.
Predictors of Residual Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction after Acute Pulmonary Embolism Based on Patient Variables and Treatment Modality
Authors: Ho Truong-An Andrew , Pescatore Jay , Lio Ka U. , Rali Parth , Criner Gerard , Gayen Shameek
Published: July 2024

Background: Residual Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction (RPVO) is an area of increasing focus in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) due to its association with long-term morbidity and mortality. The predictive factors and the effect catheter-directed therapies (CDT) have on RPVO are still under investigation. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective review between April 2017 and July 2021. Patients with intermediate risk of PE were included. Patient variables associated with RPVO were analyzed and the degree of clot burden was quantified using the Qanadli score. Results: A total of 551 patients with acute PE were identified, 288 were intermediate risk and 53 had RPVO based on CT or V/Q scan three months post-PE. Baseline clot burden was higher in patients who received CDT compared to those who received anticoagulation alone (Qanadli score 45.88% vs. 31.94% p < 0.05). In univariate analysis, treatment with CDT showed a HR of 0.32 (95% CI 0.21–0.50, p < 0.001) when compared with anticoagulation alone. Patient variables including intermediate-high risk, sPESI ≥ 1, elevated biomarkers, RV dysfunction on imaging, malignancy, history of or concurrent DVT were also significantly associated with development of RPVO in univariate analysis. In multivariable analysis, only baseline Qanadli score (HR 13.88, 95% CI 1.42–135.39, p = 0.02) and concurrent DVT (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.01–6.40, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with the development of RPVO. Conclusions: Catheter-directed therapy may be associated with a reduced risk of RPVO at 3 months; however, quantitative clot burden scores, such as the Qanadli score, may be stronger predictors of the risk of developing RPVO at 3 months. Further prospective studies are required
Prognostic Significance of Phenylalanine in Heart Failure: Clinical Insights and Inter-Organ Crosstalk Snapshot
Authors: Yeh Jih-Kai , Tsou Yi-Liang , Liu Min-Hui , Chen Wei-Siang , Cheng Cheng-I , Pan Kuo-Li , Wang Chao-Hung , Hsieh I-Chang
Published: July 2024

Background: Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating the identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers to guide therapeutic interventions. Recent clinical observations have underscored phenylalanine (PHE) as a prognostic marker in HF, although the mechanisms involving inter-organ crosstalk remain understood. Methods: This study adopted a dull approach, with a retrospective analysis of 550 HF patients to establish the prognostic value of pre-discharge PHE levels and a study on the inter-organ crosstalk of PHE among 24 patients. We analyzed the correlations between PHE concentrations and clinical outcomes, alongside a comprehensive examination of PHE metabolism across the skeletal muscle, liver, heart, kidney, and lung. Results: In the clinical prognostic analysis of 550 patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF, elevated PHE levels (≥65.6 μM) were significantly and independently associated with increased all-cause mortality during a median follow-up of 4.5 years (log rank = 36.7, p < 0.001), underscoring its value as a prognostic marker in HF. The inter-organic crosstalk study elucidated the mechanism associated with PHE elevation in patients with HF, characterized by an increase in PHE output in skeletal muscle and a decrease in hepatic and cardiac PHE uptakes. Notably, PHE concentration gradients across these organs were correlated with HF severity, such as the NYHA functional class, B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and the presence of acute HF. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the prognostic significance of PHE in patients with HF and unveil the complex metabolic interplay among key organs that contribute to PHE dysregulation. These insights not only reinforce the importance of metabolic monitoring in HF management but also open avenues for therapeutic targets.
Current Evidence and Future Perspectives in the Medical Management of Vascular Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: Focus on Vascular Prevention
Authors: Buso Giacomo , Corvini Federica , Fusco Elena Maria , Messina Massimiliano , Cherubini Fabio , Laera Nicola , Paini Anna , Salvetti Massimo , De Ciuceis Carolina , Ritelli Marco , Venturini Marina , Chiarelli Nicola , Colombi Marina , Muiesan Maria Lorenza
Published: July 2024

Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant connective tissue disease resulting from pathogenic variants in the collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1) gene, encoding type III procollagen. Patients with vEDS present with severe tissue fragility that can result in arterial aneurysm, dissection, or rupture, especially of medium-caliber vessels. Although early reports have indicated a very high mortality rate in affected patients, with an estimated median survival of around 50 years, recent times have seen a remarkable improvement in outcomes in this population. This shift could be related to greater awareness of the disease among patients and physicians, with improved management both in terms of follow-up and treatment of complications. Increasing use of drugs acting on the cardiovascular system may also have contributed to this improvement. In particular, celiprolol, a β1 cardio-selective blocker with a β2-agonist vasodilator effect, has been shown to reduce rates of vascular events in patients with vEDS. However, the evidence on the true benefits and possible mechanisms responsible for the protective effect of celiprolol in this specific setting remains limited. Drugs targeting the extracellular matrix organization and autophagy–lysosome pathways are currently under investigation and could play a role in the future. This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence and future perspectives on vEDS medical treatment, with a specific focus on vascular prevention.
The Evaluation of Change in Choroidal Circulation Time before and after Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using Wide-Field Indocyanine Green Angiography
Authors: Sugiyama Ruri , Mori Ryusaburo , Kawamura Akiyuki , Tanaka Koji , Onoe Hajime , Wakatsuki Yu , Nakashizuka Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

Background: Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is often used for diagnosis of, and as an indication to apply laser treatment for, central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against CSC, the details of the mechanism are unknown. To verify the effect of PDT, we compared the time of choroidal circulation before and after PDT in CSC patients, using ICGA. Methods: Seven eyes of seven patients (six male, one female) who were diagnosed with chronic CSC associated with serous retinal detachment (SRD) in the macular area and who underwent half-dose PDT were included. Wide-field ICGA images with an angle of 102° were taken and evaluated at the superior and inferior temporal quadrants. Choroidal circulation time (CCT) was defined as the time from the start of contrast filling in the choroidal artery to the first appearance of contrast filling in the temporal vortex vein ampulla. Results: The average CCT before and after PDT in the superior temporal vortex vein was 3.96 s and 5.41 s (p = 0.018), and 4.12 s and 5.02 s (p = 0.046) in the inferior temporal vortex vein, respectively. All SRD and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability areas dissolved after PDT. Conclusions: In this pilot study, half-dose PDT prolonged CCT in CSC patients, indicating the effect of selective vascular obstruction in the choriocapillaris.
Risk of Stroke, Dementia, and Cognitive Decline with Coronary and Arterial Calcification
Authors: Ngamdu Kyari Sumayin , Kalra Dinesh K.
Published: July 2024

Extant research shows that following a cerebrovascular insult to the brain, patients may develop a wide range of cognitive disorders, spanning from mild cognitive impairment (CI) to advanced dementia. Several studies have shown that atherosclerosis in the carotid, coronary, and breast arteries is associated with an increased risk of stroke, CI, and dementia. In this review, we examine the association of subclinical atherosclerotic calcification detected by computed tomography (CT) in these arterial beds and the risk of stroke, CI, and dementia. A major advantage of CT is that it can accurately quantify vascular calcification in different parts of the vasculature during a single examination. However, the strength of the association between CT findings and CI and stroke varies with the location and severity of the arteries involved. Data are still limited on this topic, highlighting the need for additional investigations to further our understanding of the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis. It is equally important to test preventive strategies for managing patients in whom vascular calcifications are identified incidentally in randomized controlled trials to study the effects on outcomes, including incidents of stroke and CI.
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Following Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Effects on Pain Levels of Bupivacaine, Bupivacaine + Dexmedetomidine, and Bupivacaine + Dexamethasone
Authors: Urfalı Senem , Hakimoğlu Sedat , Turhanoğlu Selim , Koyuncu Onur
Published: July 2024

Background: The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is providing effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section (CS). This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects on pain levels of bupivacaine alone versus bupivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine combined with dexamethasone in ultrasound-guided TAP block for postoperative pain after CS. Material and Method: In this randomized controlled trial, 120 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups. At the end of the surgery, an ultrasound-guided TAP block was performed on all patients: bupivacaine 0.5% (Group B), bupivacaine 0.5% + dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) (Group BD), and bupivacaine 0.5% + dexamethasone (4 mg) (Group BDx). Postoperatively, all patients were evaluated at 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h for visual analog scores VASs, tramadol consumption, complications, and patient satisfaction. A p value of < 0.05 is statistically significant. Results: At 0 h, VASs in the sitting and supine positions were significantly higher in the BDx group (0.85 ± 1.61 and 0.85 ± 1.36, respectively) compared to the B group (0.05 ± 0.32 in both positions) and the BD group (0.15 ± 0.48 in both positions) (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). At the 24th hour, VASs in the sitting and supine positions were significantly lower in the BDx group (1.7 ± 1.2 and 1.43 ± 1.05) compared to the B group (2.3 ± 0.68 and 2.2 ± 0.72) and the BD group (2.57 ± 1.01 and 2.28 ± 0.78) (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). At 0 h, the tramadol requirement was highest in the BDx group at 12.5%, while it was not required in the B and BD groups (p = 0.005). At 0 h, the rate of nausea and vomiting was highest in the BDx group at 17.5%, compared to 2.5% in the BD group and 0% in the B group (p = 0.003). Patient satisfaction scores were higher in the dexamethasone group compared to the other groups. This was significant between Group B and Group BDx (p = 0.009 < 0.05). Conclusions: Adding dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone to bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided TAP blocks reduces postoperative pain and increases patient satisfaction after cesarean sections. Dexamethasone, due to its delayed onset but extended duration, achieves lower pain scores and higher satisfaction. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings.
Detecting Intrathoracic Airway Closure during Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using Quasi-Static Pressure–Volume Curves: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vanwulpen Maxim , Bouillon Arthur , Cornelis Ruben , Dessers Bert , Hachimi-Idrissi Saïd
Published: July 2024

Background: Intrathoracic airway closure frequently occurs during cardiac arrest, possibly impairing ventilation. Previously, capnogram analysis was used to detect this pathophysiological process. In other populations, quasi-static pressure–volume curves obtained during constant low-flow inflations are routinely used to detect intrathoracic airway closure. This study reports the first use of quasi-static pressure–volume curves to detect intrathoracic airway closure during prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: Connecting a pressure and flow sensor to the endotracheal tube enabled the performance of low-flow inflations during cardiopulmonary resuscitation using a manual resuscitator. Users connected the device following intubation and performed a low-flow inflation during the next rhythm analysis when chest compressions were interrupted. Determining the lower inflection point on the resulting pressure–volume curves allowed for the detection and quantification of intrathoracic airway closure. Results: The research device was used during the prehospital treatment of ten cardiac arrest patients. A lower inflection point indicating intrathoracic airway closure was detected in all patients. During cardiac arrest, the median pressure at which the lower inflection point occurred was 5.56 cmH20 (IQR 4.80, 8.23 cmH20). This value varied considerably between cases and was lower in patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation. Conclusions: In this pilot study, quasi-static pressure–volume curves were obtained during prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intrathoracic airway closure was detected in all patients. Further research is needed to determine whether the use of ventilation strategies to counter intrathoracic airway closure could lead to improved outcomes and if the degree of airway closure could serve as a prognostic factor.
Behavioral Conflicts in Urban Greenway Recreation: A Case Study of the “Three Rivers and One Mountain” Greenway in Xi’an, China
Authors: Yang Xiaolu , Zhang Jingyi , Yu Yueyang , Qiao Xiu-Juan
Published: July 2024

The current greenway systems in China are relatively homogenous, whereas recreational groups and their needs are highly diverse. This discrepancy has resulted in increasingly severe behavioral conflicts during greenway recreation. However, scholarly research on behavioral conflicts in greenway recreational activities is lacking. Recreationists’ perceptions of conflict negatively impact their evaluation of the recreational experience, thereby limiting the ecological and recreational benefits of greenways. Therefore, it is crucial to categorize these conflicts, understand their formation mechanisms, and identify influencing factors, so as to put forward targeted management strategies for greenway construction. This study selected urban segments of greenways along the Wei and Feng rivers in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. Field observation, semi-structured interviews, and NVivo 12 three-level coding were used to investigate and analyze the main types of behavioral conflicts perceived by various recreational groups on urban greenways and the factors influencing these perceptions. The results indicate that the primary types of behavioral conflicts are danger perception, space occupancy, environmental damage, and noise disturbance. Younger groups, highly educated individuals, local residents, and those with exercise as their primary recreational purpose are more likely to perceive conflicts. In addition, recreationists also focus on the completeness of greenway infrastructure, the richness of green landscapes, and the adequacy of behavior management. These findings can help greenway managers and planners understand the perception of recreational conflicts, enabling the formulation of targeted design strategies and management measures to mitigate these conflicts in urban greenway recreation.
Biomass of Shoots and Roots of Multicomponent Grasslands and Their Impact on Soil Carbon Accumulation in Arenosol Rich in Stones
Authors: Tripolskaja Liudmila , Toleikiene Monika , Skersiene Aida , Versuliene Agne
Published: July 2024

To prevent the degradation of light-textured soils, it is advisable to use them for grasslands. These soil management systems help with the faster accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC), thereby improving the soil’s properties and reducing carbon emissions from agricultural land. In this experiment, we studied the distribution of multi-component perennial grass roots in the Arenosol profile and their impact on SOC sequestration in temperate climate zones. Our research aimed to identify differences in root biomass at depths of 0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, and 30–50 cm and to assess their correlation with SOC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil. The roots, shoots, and soil samples of fertilized and unfertilized grasslands were collected at the flowering stage and after the final grass harvest two years in a row. Our findings revealed that, in sandy loam Arenosol rich in stones, 12.4–15.9 Mg ha−1 of root biomass was accumulated at 0–50 cm of soil depth. The application of NPK fertilizers did not significantly affect grass root biomass, but significantly affected shoot biomass. Most roots (84–88%) were concentrated in the 0–15 cm layer. On average, 5.10–6.62 Mg ha−1 of organic carbon (OC) was stored in the roots of perennial grasses within 0–50 cm of soil depth. We found that the SOC content in the 0–50 cm soil layer correlated more strongly (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) with C accumulated in the roots of the corresponding layer than with shoot biomass (r = 0.41, p = 0.04). However, a significant correlation was found between DOC and shoot biomass (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and between DOC and the biomass of residues (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), explaining the significant increase in DOC in the 30–50 cm soil layer and indicating the leaching of mobile soil organic matter (SOM) substances from the above-ground biomass using fertilizers.
Spillover Effects of Urban Expansion on Land Green Use Efficiency: An Empirical Study Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data in China
Authors: Deng Zhen , Xiao Fan , Huang Jing , Zhang Yizhen , Zhang Fang
Published: July 2024

Land is an important carrier of resource elements, and improving land green use efficiency (LGUE) is the key to achieving “smart growth” in cities. This study takes 269 cities in China from 2008 to 2020 as the research object and integrates multisource remote sensing data, GIS spatial analysis, and spatial econometric models to explore the evolutionary characteristics of LGUE and the spatiotemporal effects of urban expansion on LGUE. The results show that (1) urban LGUE increases over time and has certain gradient distribution and spatial dependence characteristics; (2) urban expansion has a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with LGUE, indicating that maintaining reasonable urban expansion is the key to improving LGUE, but excessive urban expansion has a strong negative spatial effect on LGUE. In terms of spillover effect, for every 1% increase in the square term of urban expansion, the LGUE of the local city decreases by 0.0673%, but the neighboring city increases by 0.2283%; and (3) urban expansion has significant spatiotemporal heterogeneous effects on LGUE, and spatial development boundaries must be reasonably determined to achieve “smart growth”. Currently, some cities in China are expanding rapidly, and we hope to provide key support for promoting the “smart growth” of cities and improving LGUE.
The Path of Rural Social Capital Improvement in China from the Perspective of Planners: A Case Study of Hongtang Village in Yunnan Province
Authors: Hou Xianyu , Chen Luan , Huang Yaofu , Long Ye , Li Xun
Published: July 2024

China’s rural areas have long been backward in development, and many villages have completed poverty alleviation with the help of the government. Facing the requirements of sustainable development, it is necessary to change the development path, continuously increase social capital, and effectively connect with government investment resources. The existing research and practice mostly construct the strategy of social capital from the inside of the village, lacking interaction with the superior government. This paper argues for the method of planners’ intervention. The advantage is that it links the power of government and villagers, creates a perceptible, experiential, valuable material environment, and promotes collective action. Through this process, the knowledge interaction and social relations in the village can be improved. The purpose of this paper is to study how participatory planning affects the content and mechanism of this process mentioned above. Taking Hongtang village as a case study, we analyze the in-depth changes that participatory planning has brought to the rural space and social level. In the participatory planning practice of Hongtang village, college rural planners took a small vegetable garden as the breakthrough point to stimulate villagers’ participation. In the process of the upgrade, planners evolved the interaction between the village committee and villagers in the path of IMEE, which is “Intervene, Motivate, Enable, Empower”. Moreover, planners always maintained contact with the higher-level government. Through the upgrade of small vegetable gardens, the villagers’ initiative was brought into practice, the social capital was fully explored, and an effective link with the government’s resource allocation was realized.
Temporal and Serotypic Dynamics of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in South African Porcine Populations: A Retrospective Study from 1985 to 2023
Authors: Seakamela Emmanuel M. , Henton Marijke M. , Jonker Annelize , Kayoka-Kabongo Prudence N. , Matle Itumeleng
Published: July 2024

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a major bacterial pathogen causing porcine pleuropneumoniae, which is a disease of notable economic impact and high fatality rates among pigs worldwide. It has been reported that 19 distinct serotypes of this bacterium exist. Despite its global prominence, there exists a scarcity of information regarding its prevalence and distribution in South Africa. Thus, this study used laboratory records to investigate the serotype diversity, temporal distribution, and seasonal patterns of A. pleuropneumoniae isolated from porcine samples spanning from 1985 to 2023 within South Africa. Data from laboratory registries of 354 cases, obtained from three veterinary laboratories in South Africa, were analyzed. The data were categorized into two-time frames: term 1, covering 1985 to 2001, and term 2, spanning from 2002 to 2023. The dataset identified 11 different serotypes, with serotype 7 being the most prevalent at 22.7% (n = 62), which was followed by serotype 5 at 13.8% (n = 42). The study highlighted variations in the prevalence of serotypes among diseased animals over a 38-year period. Serotypes 3, 5, 7 and 8 were commonly observed during this time, while serotype 4 was absent from 1985 to 2001, and serotypes 1, 6, and 10 were absent from 2002 to 2023. The distribution of serotypes showed a diverse variation in the age of affected animals, clinical manifestation, and seasonal occurrence. Key findings revealed that serotype 7 was the most prevalent across all seasons with the highest occurrence in winter. Additionally, Gauteng province showed the highest prevalence of various serotypes. The information collected during this study will serve as a baseline for future epidemiological studies as well as inform control strategies.
Excreted/Secreted 15-kDa Proteins and Serine Protease Peptides from Haemonchus contortus Act as Immune-Response Enhancers in Lambs
Authors: Camas-Pereyra René , Bautista-García Génesis Andrea , Pérez-Anzúrez Gustavo , Duran-Cortes Zaira Carolina , Reyes-Guerrero David Emanuel , Maza-Lopez Jocelyn , Olmedo-Juárez Agustín , López-Arellano María Eugenia
Published: July 2024

This study assessed the immunoprotective effect in lambs of a native excreted/secreted 15-kDa protein and two synthesised S28 peptides derived from the infective transitory larvae (xL3) and adult stages (AS) of Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-two Pelibuey lambs were divided into negative and positive control groups, as well as immunised lamb groups, with 100 µg of the 15-kDa native protein (15kDaNP) and S28 peptides (S28P). The eggs per gram (EPG) and haematocrit were measured, and AS were counted and morphologically measured. To assess the immunoprotection in lambs, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and relative expression analyses of immune cytokines were performed using serum and abomasal samples. Our results showed a 72.28% reduction in adult worms (AW) in the 15kDaNP-immunised group, achieving a high clinical response with 41% haematocrit and low EPG values (436 ± 661). Conversely, the S28P group achieved the highest IgG levels (2.125 ± 0.880 OD), with AW exhibiting the greatest body length (p > 0.05) and upregulation of the IL5 and FCεR1A genes associated with nematode control. The 15kDaNP group showed increased expression of genes related to nematode control and anti-inflammatory responses, including IL4, IL5, IL6, and IL13 (p < 0.05). The S28P and 15kDaNP should be explored as potential vaccines against sheep haemonchosis.
Saponin and Phenolic Composition and Assessment of Biological Activities of Saponaria officinalis L. Root Extracts
Authors: Charalambous Despina , Christoforou Michalis , Christou Krystallo , Christou Melina , Ververis Antonis , Andreou Marios , Christodoulou Kyproula , Koutsoulidou Andrie , Papachrysostomou Christoforos , Pantelidou Maria
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the saponin and phenolic components in root extracts of Saponaria officinalis, a widespread species, found in Cyprus. A total of six major saponins, including gypsogenin and gypsogenic acid derivatives, as well as saponariosides C, D, and E, were identified using UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis, with gypsogenin derivatives being the most common saponins detected through quantitative analysis. A total of six phenolic compounds were also identified, including rutin, quercetin galactoside, syringic acid, apigenin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acid. In addition to their saponin and phenolic contents, the root extracts were prepared through different extraction methods, and their biological activity was assessed. All samples demonstrated antioxidant capacity, as well as antibacterial activity, against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella enteritidis), with the acetone extract presenting higher susceptibility. The evaluation of anticancer activity in A375 (human malignant melanoma), HeLa (human cervical epithelioid carcinoma), and HaCaT (healthy human keratinocytes) cell lines revealed that the acetone extract of S. officinalis extract demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A375 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. None of the extracts demonstrated anti-neurotoxic potential against Aβ25–35 cytotoxic peptides. The results of this study support previous findings that reveal that the Saponaria species are an excellent natural source of biologically active compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties.
Variation in the Floral Morphology of Prosthechea karwinskii (Orchidaceae), a Mexican Endemic Orchid at Risk
Authors: Santos-Escamilla María Hipólita , Cruz-Lustre Gabriela , Cuéllar-Martínez Manuel , Lagunez-Rivera Luicita , Solano Rodolfo
Published: July 2024

Prosthechea karwinskii is an orchid endemic to Mexico, threatened by the destruction of its habitat and the extraction of specimens to meet its demand for ornamental and religious use. Most of its populations, including the most locally abundant ones, are found in Oaxaca state. Variations in some floral traits have been observed in these populations. We implemented a morphometric analysis to assess their floral variation and identify the most significant characters in the morphological patterns of this orchid. Floral samples were collected from 17 populations of P. karwinskii in Oaxaca, as well as from specimens used as ornaments during Easter in an Oaxacan community (Zaachila), whose origin is unknown. Sampling of natural populations covered the environmental, geographic, and morphological variation of the species. We performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA), and cluster analysis, including 185 individuals and 45 variables (12 of them were discarded in the multivariate analyses due to high correlation). Characters of the column, lateral sepal, and labellum were most informative for the observed morphological patterns. Albarradas showed the greatest morphological differentiation, mainly due to the column. In general, individuals from the same locality tended to overlap more, especially the populations of Jaltianguis and Yahuiche, which were different from the geographically close population of Etla. Teposcolula presented the highest values in perianth characters, unlike Sola_Rancho Viejo. The specimens recovered from religious ornaments were morphologically more similar to those from Yanhuitlan and Etla. This morphometric analysis identified characters as potential taxonomic markers for P. karwinskii and related species, showing its potential to associate specimens of unknown origin with their probable geographical region. Our work encourages working on collaborative conservation strategies to ensure the long-term permanence of both the species and its traditional uses.
In Vitro Morphogenesis of Tobacco: Modulation of Endogenous Growth Regulators by Tulsi (Holy Basil)
Authors: Vongnhay Vanessa , Shukla Mukund R. , Ayyanath Murali-Mohan , Sriskantharajah Karthika , Saxena Praveen K.
Published: July 2024

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play a vital role in the induction of morphogenesis in vitro. Synthetic PGRs are commonly used to induce organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from various explants, while natural substances are rarely utilized. This study aimed to enhance the regenerative response in Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants using Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract and to elucidate the biochemical interactions during modulation of endogenous plant growth regulators, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin, and 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Tulsi leaf extract significantly improved shoot production through interactions between endogenous hormones and those present in the extract, which enhanced stress mitigation. The 20% Tulsi leaf extract treatment produced significantly more shoots than the control, coinciding with increased endogenous IAA and zeatin levels starting on day 10 in culture. Furthermore, ABA and zeatin concentrations increased on days 15 and 25, respectively, in the 20% Tulsi extract treatment, suggesting their role in the induction of somatic embryo-like structures. ABA likely acts as an activator of stress responses, encouraging the development of these structures. Additionally, 2iP was involved in the induction of both forms of regeneration in the 10% and 20% extract treatments, especially in combination with ABA. These results suggest that Tulsi leaf extract holds promising potential as a natural supplement for increasing plant regeneration in vitro and advancing our understanding of how natural extracts of plant origin can be harnessed to optimize plant regeneration processes in vitro.
Characterization of Yield and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Selected Wild Indigenous Fruits in Rwanda
Authors: Nishimwe Gaudence , Augustino Suzana , Dahlin Anna Sigrun , Niyitanga Fidèle
Published: July 2024

A study was carried out to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of wild fruits: Myrianthus holstii and Garcinia buchananii, consumed by rural communities in Rwanda. Although the species have been prioritized for domestication in the country, very little information has been documented on their yield potential, morphological traits, and nutritional compositions. Data were collected from nine fruiting trees for each species in the Bugesera and Nyamagabe districts. All fruits per tree were counted and 10 fruits were harvested for characterization. The proximate composition, vitamins, and minerals were analyzed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Analyses of inferential statistics were performed to detect differences in means among the fruits from different populations. The highest yield (279 kg/tree) for M. holstii was recorded in the Musebeya population while the highest (15.12 kg/tree) for G. buchananii was recorded in the Juru populations. The quantities of vitamins A and C in M. holstii fruits ranged from 0.92 mg/100 g to 0.93 mg/100 g and from 19.22 mg/100 g to 19.94 mg/100 g, respectively. The quantities of vitamins A and C in G. buchananii fruits ranged from 0.56 mg/100 g to 0.95 mg/100 g and 33.82 mg/100 g to 34.84 mg/100 g, respectively. The most abundant mineral element recorded in this study was iron (15.95 mg/100 g) found in the M. holstii species and contributing 159.5% of the recommended daily allowance. The results obtained in this work suggest the potential value of G. buchananii and M. holstii for the development of novel products in the food industry. The findings also offer opportunities for tree selection to support their domestication and to reduce pressure on the remaining population in the wild.
The Complex Approach to Environmental and Technological Project Management to Enhance the Sustainability of Industrial Systems
Authors: Gamidullaeva Leyla , Shmeleva Nadezhda , Tolstykh Tatyana , Guseva Tatiana , Panova Svetlana
Published: July 2024

To achieve sustainability, industrial systems need to be modernized to improve resource efficiency while optimizing environmental and social performance. The implementation of environmental and technological projects is a complex management process and requires sufficient innovative potential and serious investments, which not every company can provide. Network integration of companies, providing synergy of resources and potentials, is an effective tool for the development and implementation of innovative technologies that allow achieving optimal resource efficiency indicators. An integrated complex approach to the formation of a cross- industrial system on the principles of network integration and partnerships ensures technological interaction between companies, optimizes the methods and forms of their economic activities, allows integration participants to achieve strategic goals and ensure environmental and social effects for the territory of presence. The sustainability of such a system is expressed in its ability to withstand internal threats and external challenges. Approaches to balancing environmental and technological effects while simultaneously analysing social efficiency have not received sufficient development in scientific research. This article discusses an approach to the selection of environmental-technological projects based on criteria for assessing the sustainability and resilience of industrial systems. The authors’ approach has been tested using two industrial symbioses of advanced socio-economic development territories in the city of Novotroitsk (Orenburg region, Russian Federation). The authors presented calculated indicators of resource efficiency before and after the formation of a cross-sectoral industrial system in order to identify social and environmental effects in Novotroitsk. This approach to the assessment of environmental and technological projects allows to concentrate government support measures on the general priorities of the implementation of regional economic and industrial policies.
Development of a characterization method for high-speed vehicle-induced vibrations in the built environment
Authors: Edwards Matt , Locke William Robert , Travis Jeffrey , Cardi Adam
Published: July 2024

A methodology was developed to analyze vehicle-induced vibration on street-adjacent structures. In partnership with an international racing organization, acceleration data was recorded during vehicle pass-by events during measurement campaigns at three locations involving cars traveling
at high-speed. Net peak particle velocities were then calculated from the acceleration data. A unique filtering approach was developed for removing non-vehicle-induced signal noise from the measured data prior to analysis. Finally, an adaptation of the frequency domain composition (FDD) method
was used to identify peak frequencies of interest for each event. By comparing the processed data to existing standards for cosmetic damage in buildings, the level of structural excitation caused by the measured vehicles was able to be assessed.
FMVSS 141 repeatability study
Authors: Sorenson Steve
Published: July 2024

FMVSS 141 requires non-internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to emit audible exterior sound from 0 to 30 kph, with requirements for 1/3-octave band frequency level, overall level and level changes with speed change. This paper studies the results of a single vehicle measured at
two different locations. SAE International has conducted a study of several vehicle measured at different locations in order to lead to improvements in relevant SAE standards. This paper investigates test results from a specific vehicle, not part of the SAE study, measured at two different
locations in Japan and US, including one location (US) which has three separate certified travel lanes.