bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Common Defects for Rammed Earth Buildings
Authors: Zhang Yan Xin , Tong Li Ping
Published: February 2012

This paper takes the rammed earth buildings as the research object and summarizes their common defects. Finite element analysis method is used to analyze the cause of the common defects. These will provide a reference for improving the seismic behavior of these buildings.
On Stress Concentration Factor of Perforated Plate Filling with Different Materials
Authors: Zhao Wei Ping , Yi Cheng
Published: February 2012

Theoretic analysis to the stress-strain on the compound board around the hole is made to put forward a feasible method of stress distributing law about the stress concentration. The stress data is obtained from elasticity. Approximate stress concentration factor on the board around the hole is expressed according to the effective data after calculating. A comparison with the theoretical values by ANSYS 10.0 shows that the stress concentration factor is of high precision, so that this method is feasible and accurate.
A Quasi-Green’s Function Method for the Bending Problem of Simply Supported Trapezoidal Shallow Spherical Shells on Winkler Foundation
Authors: Li Shan Qing , Yuan Hong
Published: February 2012

The quasi-Green’s function method (QGFM) is applied to solve the bending problem of simply supported trapezoidal shallow spherical shells on Winkler foundation. A quasi-Green’s function is established by using the fundamental solution and the boundary equation of the problem. And the function satisfies the homogeneous boundary condition of the problem. Then the differential equation of the problem is reduced to two simultaneous Fredholm integral equations of the second kind by the Green’s formula. The singularity of the kernel of the integral equation is overcome by choosing a suitable form of the normalized boundary equation. The comparison with the ANSYS finite element solution shows a good agreement, and it demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Stepped Circular Plates
Authors: Cai Hai Yong , Zhang Ying
Published: February 2012

Natural frequencies and mode shapes of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric vibration of stepped thin circular plates were calculated with self-programmed program. Three-node annular elements were used in the program.Results of axisymmetric vibration obtained by the self-programmed program and those by ANSYS program were compared.It shows that self-programmed program can calculate axisymmetric vibration as well as non-axisymmetric vibration.The accuracy of self-programmed program is higher than ANSYS method.
Study of Crack Growth Based on Extended Finite Element Method
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Feng , Zhang Di
Published: February 2012

A special method based on the extended finite element method is developed for the simulation of dynamic crack growth. It shows great advantages in the simulations of moving crack and mixed mode crack. The extended finite element method for two-dimensional crack is described in this paper. The crack form of the extended finite element in the homogeneous medium is studied in detail, and the internal detail in crack tip element and crack penetration element is analyzed. At last, the displacement mode is generated.
Experamental Study on Temperature Characteristic of Compound Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt and Mixture
Authors: Wang Lan , Xing Yong Ming , Chang Chun Qing
Published: February 2012

Compound crumb rubber modified asphalt is a mixture of crumb rubber powder, SBS modifier and the matrix asphalt that has improved road pavement performances in resisting high temperature deformation and low temperature crack. The application of abandoned auto tire in road construction is significant in environment protection by reducing pollution caused by waster tires and in developing circular economy in China. Based on the experimental results of temperature sweep test for compound crumb rubber modified asphalt and contrast test of bending creep for compound crumb rubber modified asphalt mixture and SBS modified asphalt mixture, the temperature dependent properties of compound modified asphalt and its mixtures are studied. The compound crumb rubber modified asphalt is preferable in improving the pavement performance against fatigue and permanent deformation in both high and low temperatures.
Use of an Accelerated Migration Test to Study Alteration of Backfill in Contact with Concrete
Authors: Chang Hao Chun , Wang Chun Yao , Huang Wei Hsing
Published: February 2012

Zhishin clay and Black Hill bentonite are used as raw clay materials in this study. These clays are mixed with Taitung area hard shale to produce the backfill material for potential application as barrier for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste. The interaction between concrete barrier and the backfill materials is simulated by an accelerated migration test to investigate the effect of concrete on the expected functions of backfill material. The results show some decrease in swelling potential in the backfill material near the interface. Also, backfill material close to the contact with concrete exhibits greater change in the ratio of calcium/sodium concentration, due to the release of calcium ions from the concrete material.
In-Plane Quasi-Static Crushing of Cissoidal Hexagonal Honeycomb Cores
Authors: Sun De Qiang , Liu Miao , Zhu Ying Xue
Published: February 2012

The mechanical behaviors of cissoidal hexagonal cores (CHCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane quasi-static crushing loadings. The calculated deformation processes, response curves and values of plateau stress are presented in the forms of diagrams, force-displacement curves or data tables, respectively. The influences of ratio of cell wall thickness to edge length and expanding angle on the quasi-static plateau stress are discussed in detail. The empirical expressions of quasi-static plateau stress in terms of configuration parameters are given based on the FE simulation results.
The Analysis and Application of AHP in a Construction Project Evaluation
Authors: Li De Bin , Yao Yong , Han Meng
Published: February 2012

Construction project is a large investment, high-profit industry, with great risks. In this paper, we using combination of theory and engineering method, according to the principle of AHP (The Analytic Hierarchy Process), by constructing a judgment matrix, sort calculation, consistency test and other processes to analysis and evaluation the risks. In many alternative engineering solutions to choose the best solution for construction, and then provide a reference on method of construction project selection and risk assessment and risk control in the applications, ultimately achieve the purpose of reducing losses on risks.
Simulation of the Slump Test Based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Authors: Hoornahad Hooman , Koenders Eduard A. B.
Published: February 2012

The slump test is a very important industrial test for evaluation of workability of fresh granular-cement paste material, especially concrete. The test method is used as a generic tool for classification of a wide range of mixtures and can deal with a wide range of workabilities. The current paper presents a numerical approach, based on Discrete Element Method (DEM), with the aim to study the effect of the mix composition on the rheological behavior of a mixture after demolding, i.e. lifting the slump cone. The research approach is based on a conceptual idea, where the particle-paste interaction is explicitly modelled as an interactive two phase “paste –particle” system. Each mixture is considered to consist of these elements with the rheological behaviour characterized by the “excess paste” model. Simulations and experimental laboratory test results show good agreement.
The Application of Hyper-Spectral Remote Sensing in Cultural Relic Conservation
Authors: Lu Xin , Hou Miao Le , Hu Yun Gang
Published: February 2012

Hyper-spectral remote sensing as new science and technology, is gradually applied to various fields. The technology has the technical advantages which are the high spectral resolution and non-destructive detection. These provide a new perspective for the research and protection of cultural relics. This paper firstly described the basic principles of hyper-spectral technology and its advantages, then stated the main applications of the technology in the conservation work, and at last, briefly summarized its limitations and potential applications.
Design and Experiment Software Platform of Modern Control Algorithm for High-Order Inertial Object
Authors: Liu Xin Ping , Tian Liang
Published: February 2012

The object of the control system became more and more complicated with the increasing of the capacity of the thermal power plant. One of the key concerns in the area was the high-order and big inertia object, which requested for higher control performance. The experiment and research platform was designed. The real operation data were introduced into the soft platform. Several effective modern control algorithms for the real high-order and big inertia system in thermal power plant were embedded in the design and experiment software platform. For engineer technician and undergraduates, the control system with higher performance for high-order and big inertia object can be researched and designed in the platform easily, which was clearer in physics. Application results show that the practice ability, the innovation ability and the comprehensive quality of the graduates in automation specialty were enhanced greatly and the theoretical level of the engineer technician was increased. By plugging in the computer installation, the soft platform can be used in the real distributed control system (DCS) of the thermal power plant, which has a broad application prospect.
Development of Existing Residential Building Energy Saving Renovation Design and Management Systems
Authors: Wang Ling , Mu Ru , Gao Shu Ling
Published: February 2012

Based on the analysis of the trends of buildings energy consumption, the thought of system development for existing residential building energy efficiency renovation design and management is proposed. General thought of design, control processes of data, modules and functions of system is introduced. The evaluation and analysis of building energy consumption can be efficiently and accurately completed by the system, and then renovation program is designed and optimized, at the same time with resource sharing, scalability of system function.
Effect of the Medical Insurance Decree on Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsugair Abdullah M.
Published: February 2012

Construction contractors in Saudi Arabia were exposed to additional expenses due to implementing a new government decree related to medical insurance for foreign employees. The number of foreign employees reached to eight million people out of 27 million people the total population of Saudi Arabia. This huge number of foreign people exerted pressure on the public free medical facilities that forced the government to issue a decree that instructs private sector to use private medical facilities for their foreign employees. This paper presents results of a study to identify the effect of the medical insurance decree on construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The methodology used was to prepare a questionnaire that investigates the objectives of this study and distributes it to the contractors. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 construction contractors and 90 questionnaires were collected. Results of the study reveal the effect of the compulsory medical insurance on the construction contractors in general and according to their classifications. In addition, the study presents the current practice implemented by contractors to provide medical care for their foreign employees.
Speedy Design Method for Fluid Viscous Dampers Based on Numerical Simulation by CFD
Authors: Guo Qiang , Chen Yan Bei , Ning Xiang Liang , Tang Lu
Published: February 2012

Bi-directional-cylinder viscous fluid dampers are studied numerically. Based on the power-law characteristic of silicone oil，the flow pattern of silicone oil is analyzed, the non-Newtonian fluid power-law model’s influence on the energy dissipation characteristic and the damping resistance of viscous dampers is discussed, and the calculation formulas are presented. The damping force of the viscous damper samples is simulated by professional CFD software based on the dynamic mesh model, Based on comprehensive analysis of the results, the experiential design method of large-tonnage-damping-force viscous fluid dampers is finally established. On the other hand, the numerical simulation curves are in good agreement with experimental curves, which validates the feasibility of numerical method in the preliminary design of bi-directional-cylinder viscous fluid dampers. The numerical method helps to enhance the engineering precision, guide the design, and shorten the development cycle.
Transient Simulation of a Three-Dimensional Moving Downburst
Authors: Ji Bai Feng , Qu Wei Lian
Published: February 2012

Thunderstorm microbursts, which are sources of extreme wind loadings in nature, have caused numerous structural failures, especially collapses of transmission tower around the world. Numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has recently made significant progress in simulating downbursts. In this paper, transient simulation of a three-dimensional moving downburst was studied using computational fluid dynamics simulation method. Transient simulation of a three-dimensional moving downburst was conducted using time-filtered Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical simulation method. The three-dimensional transient wind field characteristics in a moving downburst were studied in detail. The results indicate that transient wind field characteristics in a moving downburst present quite different characteristics compared with stationary downburst at different heights and radial positions.
Game Analysis of Income Distribution between Public and Private Parties in the PPP Construction Pattern of the Security Housing
Authors: Zhang Yan Qin , Fu Qi Xun
Published: February 2012

The construction fund of the security housing is in shortage, the financing way is single and not smooth. In order to effectively solve the capital bottleneck problems and to speed up the construction progress of the security housing, this paper introduces PPP pattern into the construction of the security housing. Based on the perspective of game theory, analyses the bargaining model during the process of income distribution between the government and the private agency in the construction of the security housing，then puts forward some related suggestions to promote the construction of the security housing in PPP-pattern.
Predictive Method for Concrete Dosage of High-Rise Shear-Wall Structure Residence Buildings
Authors: Zhu Jie Jiang , Lu Xin , Hong Xi Feng
Published: February 2012

With the rapid development of high-rise shear-wall structure residence buildings in domestic large and medium-sized cities, it brings the problem that traditional structural design wastes materials, which is now taken seriously. Structural optimization design can save materials more than 10% in general. This paper carries structural optimization design on eight shear-wall structure residence buildings, and proposes a predictive method for concrete dosage of high-rise shear-wall structure residence buildings after analysis. The predictive method makes it easier to obtain the concrete dosage, because it frees from the cumbersome process of engineering budget. The predictive value is economical and reasonable, and it can be used to guide structural design.
Structural Plane of Rock Mass Strength Characteristics and its Impact on Groundwater
Authors: Xiao Tao Li , Li Xin Ping , Lu Ya Ni
Published: February 2012

The strength characteristic of discontinuity is one of the most important mechanical characteristics of rock mass, and its strength dominates the strength and deformation of joint rock mass. The underground water has an important influence on the strength of discontinuity. In this paper, the strength theory of joint rock mass was summarized and analyzed; further, two kinds of failure mode of joint rock mass which are joint shear failure and rock shear failure were proof. Considering the impact of underground water, the effective stress principle was introduced, and base on it, the joint shear failure strength rule of the saturated rock mass was built. When the influence of underground water on joint strength is studied, the shear strength formula has important theoretical and realistic significance.
Investigation on Steel Staggered-Truss System RC Slab
Authors: Guo Qing Sheng , Yang Qing Shan
Published: February 2012

For steel staggered-truss (SST) system, RC slabs are the main structure members to make the whole building work together beside to take the vertical load. There are openings in the RC slabs due to requirement of staircases、lift wells and other services, these openings will reduce the stiffness of RC slab and make stress concentration. Usually, the RC slab is designed under vertical load only, this will lead to the design defect and building calapse for SST structure. There are few research for SST RC slab are presented untill now. In the paper, based on two different 3D models considering or ignoring the stiffness of infilled walls (SIW), a numerical investigation is presented on the structural behaviors of the SST system utilizing the soft ware ETABS. As a finite element analysis method, the shell element is adopted for RC slab & infilled wall, the beam element is adopted for beam、colum and truss members. The structure is asymmetrical due to the SIW, it causes the torsional forces in the building and the extra stresses in the RC slabs, the additional reinforcement need to be provided to strengthen the high stress areas. Comparing with the results of response spectrum analysis under the combination with earth quake load, we make some conclusions, including the capacity of anti-seismic and the effect of the SIW for SST system RC slab，that could be a reference for SST structure design.
Influence Analysis of the Concrete Temperature Field with Different Computed Methods
Authors: Lu Yu Lin , Li Jia Qi , Wang Li
Published: February 2012

This research was to reveal the influence of cooling water pipe on temperature field in concrete with different numerical methods. The effect of cooling water was simulated by the finite element methods contained the approximate method and the coupling method. The results showed that the temperatures were calculated by approximate method were lower than the results of coupling method, and the largest difference in temperature was 1.52°C. The temperature gradient changed obviously near the water pipe and the effective cooling length of the water pipe along the radial direction was 0.1m. Moreover, the largest temperature error was 3.95％ in the hydration time of 24h, and away from the water pipe 0.2m through compared the results of two methods. The results would be helpful to research the combine water pipe thermal field on concrete, and predict the temperature cracks in the construction engineering.
Case Analysis of Large Public Office Building Energy Saving
Authors: Xiang Cao
Published: February 2012

The energy saving of office building plays an important role in large-scale public building energy saving. This paper analyzed the energy waste phenomena and problems, found the office building energy efficiency weaknesses and correction, on basis of researching and testing a large public building energy consumption system in Tianjin.
Study on Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened by Adding Wing Walls
Authors: Zhang Yu , Guo Jun , Cheng Lu , Liu Rui
Published: February 2012

Wenchuan Earthquake has caused substantial damage to reinforced concrete columns, in order to improve their lateral stiffness, wing walls are added to repair and strengthen the columns. Based on engineering practice, the mechanical calculations of normal section bearing capacity on damaged reinforced concrete columns strengthened by wing walls have been conducted, and based on the N-M curves of various special-shaped columns, the influence laws of different azimuths and different axial compression ratios on bearing capacity of normal section have been analyzed, therefore mechanical properties of special-shaped sections have been obtained, which provides reference information for engineering technology.
Seismic Behaviour of Reinforced Gangue Concrete Columns
Authors: Wang Jing Feng , Wang Jun , Wu Ben Hua
Published: February 2012

This paper presents an experimental study to know the seismic behaviour of the reinforced gangue concrete (RGC) columns. Four specimens of the RGC columns under cycle loadings were tested. The failure models, hysteretic performance, degradation rules of strength and stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation capacity are described and evaluated. It was concluded that the strength and stiffness of the RGC columns were improved with the increasing of steel ratio, column cross-section dimension and concrete strength. The tested RGC columns exhibit excellent seismic performance. The RGC columns have excellent ductility and can satisfy the request of the structural seismic design, thus they can be effectively used in RC structures.
Finite Element Analysis of Excavation of Shallow Tunnels under the Existing Road
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Zhe , Xu Si Fa
Published: February 2012

Pedestrian underpass is an effective measure to relieve the pressure of city traffic congestion. The influence of the underpass construction to the surrounding environment is inevitable, sometimes it may affect the the normal use of ground buildings and underground pipeline. The background of the research is based on Hangzhou Qingtai pedestrian tunnel. The main content is to use the ABAQUS finite element software to simulate CRD-engineering tunnel excavation by two models considering the road rigidity or not, to find the discipline of ground displacement and Stress caused by shallow buried tunnel excavation under existing road. Comparison research was done with measurement results of actual project site, getting consistent results. This study can provide guide for the similar engineering practices.
Creep of the Plane Steel Frame at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Zhu Hui , Wu Yu Ching
Published: February 2012

In this paper, co-rotational total Lagrangian finite element formulation is derived, and the corresponding numerical model is developed to study creeping behavior of plane steel frames in fire. Geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, high temperature creeping, and temperature rising rate are taken into account. To verify accuracy and efficiency of the numerical model, four prototypical numerical examples are analyzed using this model. Results are in a great agreement with solutions in literatures. Then the numerical model is used to analyze creeping behavior of the plane steel frames when temperature is lowering. The numerical results have significant contribution to resistance and protection for steel structures against disastrous fires.
Analysis of Crack Interaction Problem by the Numerical Manifold Method
Authors: Zhang Hui Hua
Published: February 2012

Due to the use of mathematical cover system and physical cover system, the numerical manifold method (NMM) is very suitable for discontinuity problems, especially for multiple crack problems. In the NMM, the mathematical cover system is independent of the physical boundary, and in this case, fully regular mathematical elements can be used. In the present paper, the NMM, combined with the rectangular mathematical elements, is applied to solve crack interaction problems in the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). To verify the present method, a typical numerical example is investigated and the results agree well with the reference solutions.
Performance Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Column and Reinforced Concrete Column under Axial Compression
Authors: Du Chuang , Yang Xiao Ming , Li Ning Li
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a comparative investigation into the behavior of concrete-filled steel tube column and reinforced concrete column with the same quantity of material and cross-section sizes under axial load have been undertaken using the finite element method. Both is analyzed to compare the axial compression performance,including bearing capacity, ductility and their mechanism. The results of the analyses clearly exhibit that bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel tube column is higher about 25% than that of reinforced concrete column. Under the same conditions, ductility of concrete-filled steel tube column is better than reinforced concrete column, its application is recommended in construction practice.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Two Adjacent Transmission Towers
Authors: Yan Xiang Mei
Published: February 2012

Dynamic analysis models of two adjacent transmission towers, two adjacent corner towers and the correspond single-tower are established, its dynamic characteristics are analyzed and compared. The results showed that: Dynamic characteristics of two adjacent transmission towers are close, but the towers connected with the corner tower changes much. Compared with the single-tower, its dynamic characteristics have changed regardless of corner tower or straight line transmission towers. It is also shown that suspended cables not only have mass effects, but have coupled stiffness effects applied to towers on transverse direction and longitudinal direction.
Simplified Analysis of Second-Order Effect on Staggered Truss Structure
Authors: Zhou Qi Shi , Zhou Xu Hong , Yang Li Ming
Published: February 2012

Based on the structural characteristics that the distribution of mass and stiffness is symmetrical in staggered truss structure, the load-carrying performance of staggered truss structure is equivalent to a pressure-bend combinational strut in this paper. By analyzing the relationship among curvatures , bending moments and shear forces of the pressure-bend combinational strut, the balance differential equations of the pressure-bend combinational strut is erected. Based on Runge-Kutta method, the lateral iteration equation derived by considering the influence of the second-order effects is derived. This paper analyzes the lateral displacements of floors of the staggered truss structure examples considering second-order effects or not, and gives a comparative analysis with the existing finite element software Ansys. The results show that the calculation method of second-order effects proposed in this paper has a good precision.
Study on Equivalent Damping Ratio of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport T3 Terminal
Authors: Yang Yu Chen , Gu Lei , Zhu Zhong Yi , Qin Kai , Zhang Lin
Published: February 2012

Today, the structures constituted by different materials, increase more and more, especially the lower part is concrete, the upper is steel. For this type of structural system, modal damping matrix is non-diagonal matrix, the earthquake response equation is coupled on the modal damping matrix, the modal coupling of the non-proportional damping system leads to the traditional real modal analysis methods not be directly applied. For such structure, the changes of the damping ratio are analyzed in this article. Finally, the equivalent damping ratio of Shenzhen Airport is obtained using the energy theory.
Experimental and Simulation Study of a Hybrid Frame Structure with Viscous Dampers
Authors: Zhang Hong Mei , Lu Xi Lin , Meng Chun Guang
Published: February 2012

A Concrete-filled Rectangular Steel Tube (CRST) frame structure is studied in this paper by shaking table model test and nonlinear simulation. A number of viscous dampers are employed to insure the function of the building especially under seismic action for some of the main vertical elements of the building are not continuous. A shaking table test of a scaled model was conducted under different earthquake waves to investigate the structural behavior. And the nonlinear time-history analysis for the shaking table test model was also carried out by finite element analysis program according to the shaking table test. The simulation model was constructed in accordance with the tested specimen and the simulation effect was then validated by the tested results. To sum up, (1) there are no obvious weak stories on the damping equipped structure; (2) the dampers can reduce the displacement of the irregular to a certain degree.
Stability Study of Self-Balanced Prestressed Latticed Shell Structure with Large Span
Authors: Li Guo Dong , Li Qing Qing , Liu Wan Cheng
Published: February 2012

In allusion to research status that structure stability performance of Self-balanced prestressed latticed shell assembled with elements is not explicit, using the finite element analysis method study structure stability to a large span latticed shell. The eigenvalue buckling analysis of latticed shell use Block-Lanczos method, and nonlinear analysis adopt consistent mode imperfection method. Through the contrast analysis from buckling load, buckling modes, degree of prestress, different initial disfigurement in latticed shell structure, obtaining the disciplines that structure stability properties of the large span prestressed latticed shell, related conclusions to the engineering design of new latticed shell are instructive.
Stress Analysis of Cement Concrete Pavement under Overweight Loads
Authors: Lu Ya Ni , Xiao Tao Li
Published: February 2012

Special load has produced serious damage to the concrete pavement because of the great gross weight and heavy axle load, but the present specification has not mentioned this kind of load. On this occasion, Several conditions of critical load are identified through ANSYS finite element model analysis and the formula through statistical regression analysis to the bottom maximum tension stress is drawn up. Which can not only guide the concrete pavement design under the special load but also the result may be referred by the other kinds of engineering.
Constructing Green Settlements by the Methods of Low Impact Development
Authors: Dong Yu , Dong Wei
Published: February 2012

This paper starting from the basic concept of green settlements to discuss the importance of natural ecological network to the development of green settlements; discuss the active role of green system and water system in the development of green settlements, and how to utilize it in urban planning and design; discuss land use patterns and the development pattern of street, also related to the land, air, water, plants and other natural environmental factors. Proposed that if a development model was adapted to obtain the harmonious coexistence of urban development and natural environment in the green residential development, we can obtain not only a good ecological benefits, but also get a good social and economic gains.
Research on the Countermeasures of Urban Transport Problem in Wuhan
Authors: Yang Hui Wu , Sun Ying
Published: February 2012

Abstract: Traffic is an important factor to investigate the development space of a city. Therefore, how to solve current traffic problems has become the first task of local government and academic communities. The article analysis the traffic issues in Wuhan from many aspects such as urban ring roads, bridge traffic, urban sprawl, transfer system and people’s traffic, trying to find out the causes of Wuhan traffic problem. Additionally, we use the referential models to resolve the current problems, and give some recommends.
Landscape Ecological Pattern Evolution of ShenMu County in Northern Shaanxi Province
Authors: Ren Xiao Juan , Chen Xiao Jian
Published: February 2012

In this paper, the evolution characteristics of landscape ecological pattern of Shenmu County are addressed based on the principles and methods of landscape ecology and the spatial analysis of GIS and Fragstats in order to maintain and improve the landscape pattern in this region as well as provide support for planning. Firstly, the typical TM / ETM images in 1989, 2002 and 2006 are pro-processed based on GIS software to analyze the land use / cover change process in Shenmu county, and then the change characteristics of landscape pattern are analyzed by landscape indicators. The results demonstrate that the regional differences among different landscape types enlarge gradually, the landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity increase constantly, and the landscape diversity and evenness decrease over the past years.
Sustainable Infrastructure and its Application in Singapore
Authors: Wang Yu Lin
Published: February 2012

Infrastructure is an important part of the system, and Sustainable Infrastructure (SI) holds the key to sustainable development. Those who are successful in developing SI will most likely be the economic leaders of tomorrow. Four main aspects about SI in Singapore, which include Energy supply, Transport, NEWater and Waste, are analyzed individually to demonstrate their contributions to sustainable development. Given the consequences of environmental issues (global warming as the most urgent problem), it is evident that only those that succeed in decoupling production from the extraction and use of renewable resources will be able to have continuous economic growth in the future. The case of Singapore appears to be an important prototype for reflection on the question of SI constructions and its specific conditions, practices and requirement in the context of Asian world city development.
Study on Construction and Development of Dandong City
Authors: Li Gang
Published: February 2012

In this article, by basing on the Investigation of the current condition of Dandong ecosystem and context environment problems existing in city construct and development, with the analysis of ecosystem impact of Dandong city construction meaning and function, specific method regarding Dandong rehabilitation city construction system is raised. Based on the analysis on the current situation of the construction of Dandong City, this paper probes into some tactics on further strengthening the image of Dandong City, and advances some feasibility measures from three aspects such as wholeness, natural environment and the strategy of sustainable development.
The Experimental Study and Analysis on the Scumming Degree of Sea Mud Sintered Perforated Brick with Industrial Waste Slag
Authors: Yan Han Dong , Lin Ming Han
Published: February 2012

The preliminary experimental studies on the effects of two kinds of industrial waste slag of iron tailings and fly ash which have different characteristics on the scumming degree of sea mud sintered perforated brick were carried out in this paper. And the influence mechanism of two kinds of industrial waste slag on the scumming degree of sea mud sintered perforated brick were analyzed combinated with interrelated references. The test and theory analyzed demonstrated that iron tailings have more advantageous factors to alleviate the scumming degree of sea mud sintered brick and fly ash has more disadvantageous factors to enhance the scumming degree of sea mud sintered brick. A vast development world would be provide for the resources reuse of huge dredging sludge come from sea engineering by strengthening the basic study on the scumming resistance technique of sea mud sintered brick.
Study on the Inner-Decaying Village in New Village Planning
Authors: Xiao Zhe Tao , Hao Li Jun
Published: February 2012

The paper analyses the forming reasons and concrete harms of the inner-decaying village, and studies the ways and measures that the new village planning should take. It hopes to achieve optimization about economic benefits, social benefits, and ecology benefits in the construction of new village, though the reasonable new village planning and design to rebuild the inner-decaying village.
Research of New Countryside Construction in the Perspective of Public Policy: Discussion on “Tyranny of Experts” in New Countryside
Authors: He Zhi Min
Published: February 2012

Since new rural construction has implemented, remarkable achievements in rural areas have been made in the society, economy, culture and other aspects, but some problems also exist in intermediate and western areas in china, especially as the conflict between planning and reality. Based on many years’ new rural work, we researched the phenomenon of “technocrats” and “tyranny of experts” in new rural construction. From the perspective of public policy, we study on the problems in the plans and put out our views. We suggest village-merge plan must be slowed, villages must remain moderate dispersion, and rural construction plan must formulate rural model.
Research on Land Exploitation and Utilization Guided by Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Wang Yu Ning , Ren Li Jian
Published: February 2012

Under the background of rapid development of urban rail transit, how it effectively guides land exploitation and utilization becomes the key of urban land exploitation. Based upon the analysis of the land exploitation modes guided by urban rail transit home and abroad, this paper compares and analysis the relevant factors of land exploitation guided by urban rail transit, and proposes some suggestions for the land exploitation and utilization guided by urban rail transit in China.
Reconstruction after “5.12” Earthquake -Landscape Design of Make-Shift Houses in Leigu Town of Beichuan County
Authors: Zeng Ming Ying , Xian Qing Song
Published: February 2012

Leigu Town is located in Beichuan Qiang minority Autonomous County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, which is the gate to Anxian and Mianyang before “5.12” earthquake. But the disaster has left Leigu Town a total ruins---90% houses have collapsed, more than 4,500 houses have been destroyed and almost all the municipal infrastructure have been ruined. So more than 7,000 temporary sample houses were built there to house those residents, thus more than 10,000 survivors owed a temporary shelter. Now permanent buildings have been constructed one after another in the demonstration community. In order to glorify Leigu Town ----“a hidden pearl in deep mountain”, the designer integrates Qiang minority culture and practical situation to fulfill the goal.
Ecological Recovery of Abandoned Tracks in Xi'an East Suburbs
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zheng Kai , Qiao Zheng
Published: February 2012

This paper studies on the landscape space of waste industry tracks in the Eastern suburbs of Xi'an city. The primary goal of the research is to use the abandoned rail spread in the community to create a simple, green, diverse, variable network of walking space, to construct a participatory and ecologically sustainable ecological landscape habitats, to look for a new model to retain and continue the memory of the city and to restore the ecological, economic, cultural dynamic around the abandoned orbit, to fix broken ecological patches progressively. This paper focuses on giving a new meaning to the abandoned orbit space by changing it into the city's green space and community public open space, by the reconstruction of biological diversity, the public participation, protection and utilization of industrial heritage and community cultural shows and other ways.
On The Craft of Gardens (Yuanye) and Urban Landscape Design
Authors: Zhang Xiao Wei , Zhao Jing Wei
Published: February 2012

Urban human settlement construction advocates paying attention to the simultaneous and coordinated development of urban social production with natural environment in the process of urbanization; facing the many problems in the development and construction of modern cities, this paper discusses deeply on modern urban ecological design connecting with modern urban green design, landscape design and ecological design by studying the design idea reflected in The Craft of Gardens (a Chinese book on gardening by Ji Cheng); it also proposes that the simple ecological view of The Craft of Gardens should be integrated in the concept of modern landscape planning and should be developed and extended, which obviously shall promote the modernization process of China’s concept of landscape planning.
Laboratory Study of Permeability in Low Permeability Medium
Authors: Qi Peng , Zhang Jing , Mei Zhi Rong , Wu Yue Xiu
Published: February 2012

Based on the developed low permeability test instrument, gas transport properties of typical Jin-Ping marbles are studied under steady flow of nitrogen. A low permeability test instrument and its tri-axial cell structure were introduced in detail, and this test instrument was used to study transport properties of dense rocks under different temperatures and stress conditions, the Test results showed that intrinsic permeability of Jin-Ping marble is about 10－20 m2. Comparisons are made between test results and an exact method which considers Klinkenberg effect in gas flow equation. Fitting results using the exact method show better agreement with laboratory testing results and the transport parameters gained are more convincible.
Dynamic Response analysis of Long Span Transmission Tower under Tornado
Authors: Gao Qiang , Ren Chao , Xu Yang , Liu Zhen Yao
Published: February 2012

To study the effects of tornado on long span transmission tower, a model of the tower is built and the features of the tornado are considered. Three different wind cases are discussed in dynamic analysis with finite element method. The analysis results show that dynamic response is more significant at 45° wind direction.
Analysis of Seismic Response for the Mega-Sub Controlled Frame with Friction Damper
Authors: Lian Ye Da , Wang Xian Jie , Li Tao
Published: February 2012

Friction damped (FD) structure is first design as the sub-structure in the mega-sub controlled (MSC) frame to further reduce structural dynamical responses. Three different building structures, i.e. a conventional mega-sub frame, the MSC frame and the MSC frame with FD sub-structure, are designed, with reference to the conventional mega-sub frame used in Tokyo City Hall The comparative dynamical analyses among the three building structures are made. The controlling effectiveness of the MSC frame with different sub-structural stiffness is examined. Moreover, the nonlinear dynamic equations and the method to assembling structural parameter matrixes for the MSC frame with FD sub-structure are presented. Researching results illustrate that the MSC frame with FD sub-structure has more excellent dynamic properties and more predominant controlling effectiveness, compared to the traditional mega-sub frame and the MSC frame.
On an Analysis of Ecological Landscape Design
Authors: Gan Lu
Published: February 2012

Today’s landscape design targets at seeking for means of conveying the inner order of nature, and meanwhile satisfying people’s requirements of appreciation of beauty. However, plants are the main visual elements for expressing the two kinds of order. As the representative for natural environment, the ecological effect, the visual sense and the cultural landscapes of green plants penetrate and influence all the aspects of human lives and architectural environment. The interaction between environment and architecture has become a new exploration and direction of the architectural design thought in the 21st century.
Study on Similar Simulation of the Roof Strata Movement Laws of the Large Mining Height Workface in Shallow Coal Seam
Authors: Xing Ping Wei , Song Xuan Min , Fu Yu Ping
Published: February 2012

Based on the condition of No.1-2 coal seam of Shang Wan Coal Mine Shendong mining area, the movement of the overlying strata of the 7.0m large mining height workface have been studied by similar simulation test, which geometric similarity ratio is 1:50.The results show that: the immediate roof strata caves stratified to loose blocks, and the goaf can’t be filled with these loose blocks; the basic roof strata caves stratified too, the lower slice caves to loose blocks, it evolves into the immediate roof and widen the immediate roof; there is the periodic weighting phenomenon of size alternating in the large mining height workface of No.1-2 coal seam ; the immediate roof and the basic roof and the overlying strata of basic roof have different characteristics of caving; the large mining height workface has a greater sphere of supporting pressure than the traditional small height workface, the peak supporting pressure of the large mining height workface is more depth to the coalwall than the average mining height workface, and this led to workface roof strata fracture further ahead.
Study on Concrete Beams Reinforced by Steel Wires
Authors: Liu Ming Quan , Li Xiao Zhi
Published: February 2012

Strengthening and energy saving is an important engineering of existing buildings. The test is preceded by using two groups of beams, during which the comparisons of cracking load，yield load and ultimate load are made between strengthened and un-strengthened beams. The test result shows that bending capacity of reinforced beams rose obviously. Finally, based on experimental study, the formula of ultimate bending capacity which can be used in engineering design is presented.
The Design Framework of Spatial Nodes of Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town - Case Study of National List Culture Town of Hengdaohezi Town
Authors: Zhao Zhi Qing , Li Shuang
Published: February 2012

The Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town is famous for the construction and development of the Chinese Eastern Railway, but its recession is caused by the historical factors and the transport transformation. As a consequence, for such culture towns, there is a mix of problematic issues such as construction and development chaos, spatial structure uncertainty and destroyed townscape. This paper selects the spatial nodes as the research objects to explore its significance within the scope of conservation planning of historical culture town. Taking the practice of Hengdaohezi Town Conservation Planning into account, the author analyzes the status quo of this town presenting the principles of spatial nodes design and establishing the construction guiding framework of spatial nodes.
Implementation Procedure and Ways of Solar Energy Integration with Building
Authors: Huang Yun Feng
Published: February 2012

This paper is to solve the current problem of integration of solar energy with building. After detailed analysis of development prospects and constraints in integration of solar energy with building so as to investigate how to implement this integration process, Conclusion shows the study will work in engineering practice with the guiding purpose of guiding energy efficiency guiding.
Effect of Minimum Airflow Setting of VAV Unit on Building Energy Consumption under Korean Climatic Condition
Authors: Lee Kwang Ho , Chin Kyung Il , Yoon Jong Ho
Published: February 2012

Variable Air Volume (VAV) unit system is one of the commonly used forced-air heating and cooling systems in office buildings. It controls the airflow with the discharge air temperature fixed for cooling, while the discharge air temperature is adjusted with the airflow fixed at the minimum for heating. This study presents the simulation of conventional VAV unit system performance applied in the typical office building prototype. Each VAV unit has the minimum airflow setting for the ventilation purpose and its impact on the energy consumption is significant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the energy impact of the minimum airflow setting of VAV box using EnergyPlus ver. 6.0 software platform. The energy result breakdown of three model cases is discussed: minimum airflow fraction setting of 10%, 20% and 30%. As a result, the minimum airflow setting has significant impact on the reheat energy and thus the annual boiler gas consumption shows significant difference among each simulation case. Monthly heating energy profile is also discussed for the better understanding of the impact of different minimum fractions on the heating energy.