bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by human infants
Authors: Martao Florio Flavia , Inez Klein Marlise , Carlos Pereira Antonio , Bruno Goncalves Reginaldo
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to detect and monitor the acquisition of mutans streptococci (MS) in healthy Brazilian children. Samples of 4 different sites (saliva, tongue dorsum, dental ridges, and dental plaque, if teeth were present) were collected from 33 edentulous nursery school infants (5.9±1.5 month-old), using sterilized swabs, bi-monthly for 24 months. Saliva samples from the mothers were collected only once. After inoculation, and incubation typical morphotype colonies, were isolated and submitted to amplification by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification. The PCR method identified 1667 strains as MS. In 29 of the children's samples, the first positive culture for MS occurred at 15.3 ± 4.6 months. At the end of the follow-up period, 77% of the children were classified as colonized and in 33% MS was found as a transient microorganism. A positive correlation was found between the time of MS acquisition by the infant and the number of erupted teeth (p<0.0001), and the time of emergence of the first tooth (p=0.0048). After 24 months, there were no dental caries, and 77% of children remained caries-free. These results indicate that MS colonization in this sample of low-income pre-school children may begin earlier than suggested by some investigations.
Evaluation of an oral health promotion program using different indicators
Authors: Valle Daniella Della , Vianna Roberto Braga de Carvalho , Quintanilha Luís Eduardo Lavigne Paranhos , Abreu Fernanda Volpe de
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to implement an Oral Health Promotion Program (OHPP) and check its effectiveness using different indicators at two different times (birth to 10 months after the OHPP). The sample consisted of 325 healthy children (6.1 and 11.3 years old). The results indicated that there was a statistically significant reduction measured by the three indicators (p<0.001). The effectiveness of the OHPP was positive and clearly shown by the oral health indicators used.
Natal maxillary primary molars: case report
Authors: Galassi Marlei Seccani , Santos-Pinto Lourdes , Ramalho Lizete Toledo Oliveira
Published: April 2015

An unusual case of a newborn with two immature natal maxillary molars is presented. Clinical and histological examination showed that the teeth were rootless and incompletely mineralized. The patient was followed up during one year and we confirmed that the natal teeth were from normal primary series.
TMJ internal derangement treatment in the growing patient: effect of functional appliance therapy on condyle and fossa relocation
Authors: Defabianis Patrizia
Published: April 2015

New biodynamic factors seem to be involved on condyle and fossa remodeling and relocation, conditioning to mandibular growth direction, size and morphology. The understanding of the mechanism of action is critical for treatment of TMJ dysfunction in children and youths for those who hope to treat and retain the achieved correction during growth. The purpose of this article is to describe a specific, non-muscular hypothesis that explains the way the condyle modifies and the fossa remodels and relocates to achieved a new therapeutic, stable position, creating an anatomical base for long-term retention of the results. A case report of a young patient will be illustrated and available clinical data will be discussed.
Nasotracheal intubation: an unusual cause of palatal perforation in an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patient
Authors: Bhowate Rahul , Dubey Alok
Published: April 2015

A case of palatal perforation occurring in 7-year-old girl with IDDM due to nasotracheal intubation is reported. The child, who was not previously diagnosed of IDDM, was brought to hospital in comatose stage and was put on nasotracheal tube for maintaining respiration. This paper highlights the link between IDDM and palatal perforation communicating the nasal cavity due to naso-tracheal intubation.
Oral granular cell tumors: an analysis of 10 new pediatric and adolescent cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Brannon Robert , Anand Payal
Published: April 2015

Clinicopathologic studies on the granular cell tumor, a submucosal benign soft-tissue neoplasm, have not addressed the pediatric and adolescent population. This study of patients from birth to 19 years of age describes clinically and microscopically 10 new cases and combines them with 24 well-documented pediatric cases previously published in the English-language literature. Of the 34, patient ages ranged from 3 to 19 years (mean age 14.5 years) with a female-to-male ratio of 3.3 to 1. The most common location was the tongue (50%) and lips (25%). In neoplasms whose epithelial findings were documented microscopically, a reactive pseudoepitheliomatous (pseudocarcinomatous) hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium occurred in 29%. The recurrence rate was less than 10% following conservative surgical excision. This study reveals that an oral granular cell tumor in the first decade of life is an uncommon event and discusses the importance of differentiating between squamous cell carcinoma and granular cell tumor.
Paradental cyst: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Naclério-Homem Maria da Graça , Deboni Maria Cristina Zindel , Simões Wilma Alexandre , Traina Andréia Aparecida , Chin Verónica
Published: April 2015

The origin of paradental cysts is related to inflammatory processes, especially pericoronaritis involving impacted or semi-impacted teeth. The authors present a case of paradental cyst related to lower second molar that did not show clinical evidence of inflammatory process. The main aspects related to its classification, diagnosis and clinical characteristics are also discussed.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of effectiveness of circumoral muscle exercises in adenotonsillectomized children
Authors: Anupam kumar T. , kuriakose Sobha
Published: April 2015

Mouth breathing due to obstructive adenoids and tonsils has deleterious effects on craniofacial morphology especially on dentition and dental arches. Reports confirm that removal of nasal obstruction, adenoids and tonsils has not given beneficial development of circumoral musculature. Use of muscles to correct malocclusion was first recommended by Alfred Paul Rogers. This study highlights the imaging of circumoral musculature using ultrasound to evaluate the effectiveness of muscle exercises in adenotonsillectomized children. Definite changes in muscle thickness were noted in subjects, who were given muscle exercises.
Oral soft tissue lesions in Greek children and adolescents
Authors: Sklavounou-Andrikopoulou Alexandra , Piperi Evangelia , Papanikolaou Vassilis , Karakoulakis Ion
Published: April 2015

Pediatric oral pathology encompasses a wide clinical spectrum of local and systemic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of oral soft tissue lesions in Greek children and adolescents up to 18 years old. Data available through a 32 year old period revealed that among the 1040 cases analyzed, benign lesions, mainly cysts, inflammatory lesions and reactive hyperplasias, were the most common causes for seeking dental advice during childhood.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 175-178, 2005.
Effects of plaque disclosing agents on esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry
Authors: Hino Débora Maki , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Guimarães de Figueiredo José Luiz , Gomide Katya Luce Moura Naves , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi
Published: April 2015

The aim of study was to evaluate the color stability of tooth-colored restorative materials usually used in pediatric dentistry after the application of two plaque disclosing agents. Twenty specimens of each material: a resin-modified glass ionomer, a composite resin and an ion-releasing composite resin, were prepared. Baseline color evaluation was performed, samples were exposed to the plaque disclosing agents: a basic fuchsin solution and a fluorescent dye, and new color evaluations were made. The resin-modified glass ionomer stained with basic fuchsin presented the greatest color change in the present study, and the fluorescent dye did not show statistically significant changes among the restorative materials. In conclusion, basic fuchsin dyes should be carefully used in children with a great number of tooth-colored restorations.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 143-146, 2005
Oral defensiveness
Authors: Spira Geela , Kupietzky Ari
Published: April 2015

Oral defensiveness is a relatively newly discussed cluster of behavioral symptoms with a theorized physiological basis, which may manifest itself during a child“s dental visit. Dentists aware of oral defensiveness and its distinct manifestations will be able to discuss with their patient“s parents regarding this condition and if necessary modify their approach when treating children diagnosed with oral defen-siveness. The purposes of this paper are to acquaint dentists with this controversial disorder, to increase awareness of its occurrence, and to suggest possible interventions for alleviating aversive responses to typical dental experiences when no other cause is apparent. A review of pertinent literature is presented. A list of characteristics and a list of other types of sensory defensiveness are also presented.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 119-122, 2005
Enamel opacities removal using two different acids
Authors: Bezerra Ana Cristina Barreto , Leal Soraya Coelho , Otero Simone Auxiliadora Moraes , Gravina Danuze Batista Lamas , Cruvinel Vanessa Resende Nogueira , Ayrton de Toledo Orlando
Published: April 2015

Computerized analysis assessed quantitatively the efficacy of microabrasion using 37% phosphoric and 18% hydrochloric acids with pumice on removal of enamel opacities. Baseline and after one month photos were taken and analyzed by Paint Shop Pro 7 software and Image Pro Express 4.0. Nonparametric tests were used. Results depicted significant differences immediately versus one month post treatment for both acids. It was concluded that both acids can be used, and as time passes enamel color improvement occurs.

J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 147-150,2005
Orthopedic and orthodontic effects of Twin-block appliance
Authors: Jena Ashok Kumar , Duggal Ritu , Parkash Hari
Published: April 2015

This prospective study was conducted on 24 North Indian subjects (10 Control and 14 Twin-block) to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Twin-block appliance in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion. The result of the present study showed that Twin-block is an effective appliance in accelerating mandibular growth. It also helped dramatically in molar correction and overjet reduction in Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects.
Premature loss of primary teeth associated with congenital syphilis: a case report
Authors: Gonçalves Antonio Andréa , Kelly Alice , Cople Maia Lucianne
Published: April 2015

Congenital syphilis is an infectious disease transmitted by an infected mother to her fetus. Several reports in the literature have focused on oral manifestations of congenital syphilis, mainly about Hutchinson's teeth and dysplastic molars, which are more common. However, this paper describes an unusual feature of congenital syphilis in a four-year-old child. A case of premature loss of primary teeth associated with congenital syphilis is reported.
Facial and perioral primary impetigo: a clinical study
Authors: Kolokotronis Alexandros , Doumas Stergios , Lambroudi Maria , Lysitsa Stella , Epivatianos Apostolos , Antoniades Demetrios
Published: April 2015

Impetigo is the most common skin infection in children. The face, especially the perioral region, is one of the most frequently involved areas. Impetigo is a disease that interests the pediatric dentist, as it poses significant problems in its differential diagnosis from other conditions. Sixteen otherwise healthy children were examined suffering from facial and perioral impetigo. The typical clinical appearance was scattered, painless, slightly pruritic erosions covered by "honey-colored" crusts. In 4 children impetigo was localized in the facial and perioral area, whereas in all other cases lesions were diffused in perioral area and several regions throughout the body. Four children exhibited neck lymphadenopathy and one had mild fever. The treatment of impetigo included the application of topical measures with the systemic antibiotic chemotherapy.
Atypical Hallerman-Streif Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Gopakumar Manju , Hedge Amitha
Published: April 2015

Hallerman Streif syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by dyscephaly, dental anomalies, proportionate nazism ,hypotrichosis, cutaneous atrophy limited to the head ,bilateral congenital cataracts and bilateral microphthalmia .Despite the marked craniofacial characteristics and oral findings, a relative lack of reports in the dental literature has been noted. In this article, a case of a 8 year old boy with dental problems is described.
Oral manifestations of HIV infection in 36 Nigerian children
Authors: Olufemi Olaniyi Taiwo , Sunday Pam
Published: April 2015

Oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS are early and common clinical indicators of HIV infection. There has been no report on the clinical prevalence of oral lesions associated with HIV infection in children in sub-Saharan Africa.We report the findings of a cross sectional study of 36 Nigerian children seen at the Pediatrics Infectious Disease Clinic of the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) Jos, Nigeria.
Sex identification from exfoliated primary teeth - a PCR study
Authors: Gopa Kumar Manju , Hegde Amitha
Published: April 2015

Teeth endure postmortem degradation and extreme changes in ambient temperature and pressure better than most human tissues. In the present day scenario the growing number of crime against children in the form of battering, physical/sexual abuse, abduction and kidnapping, the use of exfoliated primary teeth, become many times the only evidence available at the crime scene. Despite exposure of the body to burial, mutilation, explosion or incineration, it is usually possible to extract DNA from pulp tissue of tooth with sufficient quality and quantity. Hence the present study was undertaken to find out the sex of a child from exfoliated/extracted deciduous teeth using a Polymerase Chain reaction(PCR) based analysis. Tooth samples were stored in room temperature after double coding for various periods. Dental pulp tissue was collected from each sample and DNA was isolated by proteinase-k digestion and phenol chloroform extraction methods. PCR amplification was done with two sets of oligonucleiotide primers. Amplification of X (131bp) and Y-specific sequences (172bp) in males and that of the X-specific sequence in females was observed and compared with the template DNA showing male and female controls. Determination of sexes of all freshly collected samples within 24 hours and after 1 month of extraction respectively gave 100% result. However, PCR was not found to be an effective method for sex determination after 6 months post extraction.
A modified technique on the reattachment of permanent tooth fragments following dental trauma. Case report.
Authors: Arapostathis Konstantinos , Arhakis Arhakis , Kalfas Sotiris
Published: April 2015

Fractured anterior teeth can be restored by adhesive bonding of the fractured fragment to the remaining tooth structure. One of the major challenges for the practitioner treating traumatized anterior teeth with immediate fragment reattachment is disguising the fracture line, through the correct use of masking and restorative resins to make the restorations imperceptible to the eye as well as improve the retention of the restoration. This paper discusses a modified technique for reattaching a permanent tooth fragment following dental trauma. The initial procedure involved simple reattachment using light cured composite resin between the fragment and the remnant part of the tooth, without additional preparation. The surplus resin was spread across it in an attempt to optimize marginal seal and improve the aesthetics of the restoration. Finally, after taking into account the occlusion, the lingual surfaces of the teeth were veneered with microfilled composite to improve the retention of the reattached fragments.
Clinical features, dental findings and dental care management in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Sanches Karina , Mussolino de Queiroz Alexandra , Campos de Freitas Aldevina , Victoria Díaz Serrano Kranya
Published: April 2015

This article reports the case of a child diagnosed with type III osteogenesis imperfecta, assessing the clinical features observed, with emphasis on the craniofacial, oral and dental findings, and describes the dental care management rendered for this special needs patient. The issues addressed and discussed throughout the paper shows that, as far as the oral health professionals are familiarized with the disease- specific clinical manifestations and the possible implications of this condition, there are no hindrances for a successful, high-quality dental and behavioural management.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma in anterior maxilla: case report in a child
Authors: Martins Manoela Domingues , Pires Flávio , Daleck Fernanda , Myaki Silvio Issao , Pereira Friggi Maria Naira , Trevizani Martins Marco Antonio
Published: April 2015

A case of giant cell granuloma in a 7-year-old boy was reported. The lesion was probably caused by trauma and was interfering with the normal eruption of the permanent maxillary left lateral incisor. Differential diagnosis and treatment of this lesion are discussed.
Intra-osseous lesions in Greek children and adolescents. A study based on biopsy material over a 26-year period
Authors: Skiavounou Dr. Odont Alexandra , lakovou Mana , Kontos-Toutouzas John , Kanellopoulou Antonia , Papanikolaou Dr. Odont Stavros
Published: April 2015

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the spectrum of oral intra-osseous lesions in a Greek population, consisting of children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

Material and Methods: Data was obtained from the histopathological reports that accompanied biopsy request forms, which were retrieved from the files of the Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Athens, during a 26-year period. A retrospective analysis with respect to patients' age and gender, frequency and location of the lesions was performed. The lesions were classified into cystic (odontogenic and non-odontogenic) and solid lesions (odontogenic and non-odontogenic). The patients were divided into three age groups: a) 0-6 years old, b) 7-12 years old and c) 13- 18 years old. Results: 474 intra-osseous lesions were detected and represented 2,38 % out of a total of 19933 biopsies. Male/female ratio was 1,25/1. The majority of the lesions was located in the mandible (49,8%) and occurred in the third age group of patients (58,7%). Odontogenic cysts represented the most frequent intraosseous lesion (64,1%) followed by non-odontogenic solid lesions representing 22,5% of the intra-osseous population. The most frequently encountered lesions in descending order were radicular (36,3%) and dentigerous (18%) cysts, keratocysts (9,5%), apical granulomas (7,6%), odontomas (6%) and fibrous dysplasia (5%). Only 6 malignant lesions were reported (1,3%).

Conclusions: This clinicopathologic study revealed that a broad spectrum of mostly benign bony lesions may occur during childhood.
Pallister-Killian Syndrome (PKS): Clinical Case Report
Authors: Laura Andrade Dias de Oliveira Ana , de Oliveira Lira Ortega Adriana , Lídia Ciamponi Ana
Published: April 2015

Pallister-Killian Syndrome is a rare dysmorphic condition characterized by specific clinical manifestations and tetrasomy 12p. This paper focuses on the general and orofacial clinical manifestations.
Behavior and orofacial characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during a dental visit
Authors: Atmetlla Gabriela , Burgos Verónica , Carrillo Angela , Chaskel Roberto
Published: April 2015

ADHD is a neuropsychological disorder, affecting attention, impulsiveness and activeness. The study included 36 children with ADHD, 47 without, and two silent observers.A dental form, SNAP-IV and ADHDT symptom checklists were used. Statistically significant differences were observed in hospitalization histories, oral habits, tongue characteristics, and facial biotype. Differences in orofacial characteristics and behavior between the groups were confirmed.
Applications of platelet- rich plasma (prp) in contemporary pediatric dentistry
Authors: Shashikiran N. , Subba Reddy V. , Yavagal C. , Zakirulla M
Published: April 2015

Current evidence and understanding of bone science recognize the pivotal role of growth factors in all the aspects of bone grafting and regeneration. Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is one of the richest sources of growth factors to enhance bone regeneration. The present article aims to highlight the basic mechanisms involved in the successful use of PRP and its clinical applications in Pediatric dentistry based on our case-reports citing its use for bone grafting in young children. With pertinence to its current advantages and recent applications, PRP could soon prove to be an invaluable tool for pediatric dental surgeons worldwide.
Labial and Palatal Talon Cusps on Geminated Tooth Associated with Dental Root Shape Abnormality: a case report
Authors: Elbek Cubukcu Cıgdem , Sonmez Alper , Gultekin Vedat
Published: April 2015

Talon cusp on a geminated tooth is a very rare condition. To the best of our knowledge, the literature contains only one case report of a labial talon cusp on a geminated tooth. This is the first clinical report describing a case of bilateral talon cusps on geminated permanent maxillary central incisors associated with dental root shape abnormality and its successful management.
Radicular Cyst: a case report treated with conservative therapy
Authors: Cristina Batista Rodriguez Johann Aline , Oliveira Gomes Carlos de , Alves Mesquita Ricardo
Published: April 2015

This case reports on the treatment of a radicular cyst in a child. The patient presented a periapical radiolucent area associated to a root from the maxillary left primary second molar. After the extraction of the root, marsupilization of the lesion was done and a fixed resin tube was placed in the alveolar hole. After twenty-five months the lesion was healing. This technique has proved to be effective and conservative for the treatment of radicular cysts in primary teeth.
An Allergic Reaction Following Intramuscular Administration of Ketamine and Midazolam
Authors: Boynes Sean , Lemak Anne , Skradski Denise , Cuddy Michael
Published: April 2015

A 6-year-old female in good health presented with no known drug allergies for dental treatment under general anesthesia. Following the preoperative evaluation, the patient received intramuscular premedication consisting of midazolam (1 mg) and Ketamine (60 mg) into the left deltoid muscle. During patient transfer, anesthesia personnel detected a hive developing in proximity to the patient's right ear lobe. The subject was directly placed into the operative chair, and a physical exam revealed urticaria on the neck, back, and torso. In addition, an audible wheeze was detected with lung auscultation. Investigations carried out after the incident revealed a positive reaction to ketamine
Dental Health Status in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Nasim V , Shetty Y. Rajmohan , Hegde Amitha
Published: April 2015

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic (ALL) children were selected to evaluate the dental health status from Regional Cancer Centre, Kerala. A 12 item questionnaire was distributed to all selected 104 children's parents who were present in the hospital and the children's oral cavity was examined. The results revealed moderate gingival inflammation in most of the samples irrespective of treatment. Tenderness on temporo mandibular joint, oral mucositis, high DMFT values were observed in children who were under treatment. History of halitosis before diagnosis of ALL was a predominant feature in a statistically significant number of children.
Integrating Dental Screening and Fluoride Varnish Application into a Pediatric Residency Outpatient Program: Clinical and Financial Implications
Authors: Grant Jonelle , Roberts Michael , Brown Wallace , Quinoñez Rocio
Published: April 2015

Delivery of preventive oral health services (POHS) has been embraced by many pediatric and family medical practices in North Carolina (NC). The outcome of implementing a state-wide Medicaid-supported oral health prevention initiative, "Into the Mouth of Babes Varnish and Screening Program (IMB), in an academic medical residency setting is described.

Retrospective chart audit of encounter forms and collection of administrative records related to POHS provided by pediatric medical residents for Medicaid recipients less than 3 years of age at the University of North Carolina pediatric continuity care clinic over 31 months were examined. A total of 1,081 visits and 655 patients were documented during the study period accounting for 36.6% of all children aged 6-36 months seen in the clinic during the period of this study. Thirty-eight percent of the patients received one or more IMB follow-up visits. Twenty-nine (4.4%) children were reported to have one or more carious teeth and 94 children (14.1%) were referred to a dentist. The IMB program provides an oral screening, parent oral health counseling and application of fluoride varnish to the teeth at the medical appointment by non-dental personnel. Following a cost/revenue analysis it was concluded that a preventive oral health initiative in an academic setting provides an additional access to oral health preventative services for underserved children and contributes to the financial viability of the clinic.
Prevalence of Oral Candida Species in a North American Pediatric Population
Authors: Jabra-Rizk Mary Ann , Torres Sandra , Rambob Isabel , Meiller Timothy , Grossman Lindsey , Minah Glenn
Published: April 2015

Oral candidiasis caused by species other than Candida albicans has been observed. This study evaluated the prevalence of oral yeast species among 196 children during routine oral exam. Based on standard mycological testing, 130 (66%) subjects had fungal growth. Candida albicans isolates were recovered in 56% of children, but an extensive diversity in the non-albicans species was observed. Intrinsic differences in the pediatric population may favor the presence of yeast species other than C. albicans
Periodontal Conditions Associated with Space Maintainers Following Two Different Dental Health Education Techniques
Authors: Arikan Fati , Eronat Nesrin , Candan Ümit , Boyacio lu Hayal
Published: April 2015

The aim was to investigate the effect of fixed and removable space maintainers on periodontal status of children and to compare the efficiency of verbal and written dental health education. 52 healthy children aged between 7-10 years who will be treated with fixed or removable appliances were divided into two subgroups to whom were given verbal and written dental education. Plaque index, bleeding index and mean pocket depth scores of the teeth were recorded at baseline and 3, 6 and 9 months after application. Plaque, bleeding index and mean pocket depth scores showed significant difference in the appliance groups in the follow-ups. Plaque index scores displayed a positive correlation with the duration of both appliances. The difference between pocket depth scores were found to be significant in the follow-ups in both appliance groups while it was insignificant between education groups and significant increase in bleeding index scores was observed in both appliance groups and education techniques given. It is concluded that both removable and fixed space maintainers can result in inflammation on periodontal tissues of the children.
Giant Cell Granuloma in a Child: Case Report
Authors: Passos Mariana , Azevedo Rebeca , Eliza Janini Maria , Cople Maia Lucianne
Published: April 2015

This article describes a case of central giant cell granuloma in the right posterior region of mandible in a 10- year-old girl. The lesion was removed by curettage and a histopathological examination was carried out. Clinical and radiographic follow-up showed total removal of the lesion. The importance of early diagnosis of this type of lesion is emphasized, mainly in children.
The Prevalence and Surface Distribution of Caries among Schoolchildren in Ankara, Turkey According to their Dental Health Behaviors
Authors: Tuluno lu Özlem , Ulusu Tezer , Erdemli Işık Elgin , Tezkirecio lu Melih , Genç Yasemin
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to classify children according to their oral hygiene behaviors at the elementary school, and to evaluate the effects of oral health behaviors on caries prevalence, and to calculate the number of carious teeth and the surface distribution of caries in school children during a 2-year follow-up period.

Results shows that even in the presence of the acquisition of appropriate oral hygiene behavior during preschool period, dental professionals and educational system should supported oral health motivation in primary school. Key words: oral health behaviors, caries, prevalence, and surface distribution
Enamel Hypoplasia in Children with Renal Disease in a Fluoridated Area
Authors: Ibarra-Santana Claudia , del Socorro Ruiz-Rodríguez Ma. , del Pilar Fonseca-Leal Ma. , Javier Gutiérrez-Cantú Francisco , Pozos-Guillén Amaury de
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of enamel hypoplasia in children with renal disease and healthy children, all of whom live in a fluoridated area. A cross-sectional study was made in 42 children divided into 2 groups. To describe enamel changes, 3 diagnostic criteria were applied: TSIF Index to describe dental fluorosis, Jackson-Al-Alousi Index to describe enamel hypoplasia, and Russell criteria to differentiate mild forms of dental fluorosis and enamel hypoplasia. The frequency of enamel hypoplasia in patients with renal disease was 38.09%. This frequency is smaller than that seen in other studies. There was no difference in the frequency of dental fluorosis between patients with renal disease and patients without renal disease. However, the patients with renal disease presented more severe dental fluorosis than children without renal disease.
Oral and Dental Findings in Osteopetrorickets
Authors: Guven Gunseli , Basak Feridun , Saygun Isil , Altun Ceyhan , Akbulut Erman , Atay Avni , Gulgun Mustafa
Published: April 2015

While dental findings of both rickets and osteopetrosis have been reported, there is no published report on the oral and dental findings of osteopetrorickets. In this paper dental findings of osteopetrorickets were presented. A two-year-old female child was referred to the pedodontics clinic for dental examinations before bone marrow transplantation. Her teeth showed severe mobility and the eruption of the teeth were delayed. The dental findings of the patient were different from that of osteopetrosis and rickets.
Cariogenic Potential of Stored Human Milk—An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Hegde Amitha , Vikyath Rani
Published: April 2015

Human milk samples collected from ten lactating mothers in the K. S. Hegde Medical Hospital, Mangalore were divided into five different parts and stored at different temperatures for varying durations. The pH,buffer capacity and growth of Streptococcus mutans were assessed in each of these samples. There was a fall in pH of human milk stored at various temperatures. The buffer capacity of human milk increased with duration of storage. There was an increase in Streptococcus colony count in stored human milk proportional to the duration of storage and it increased more rapidly in case of milk stored at higher temperatures (0°C -4°C) compared to the milk stored in the freezer (-19°C). Milk samples stored at room temperature for 6 hours and in the freezer at -19°C for 2 weeks were found to be relatively safe.
Analysis of Photoreflectance and Microhardness of the Enamel in Primary Teeth Submitted to Different Bleaching Agents
Authors: Faria Campos Sabrina Fróes , Rosia César Ilene Cristine , Munin Egberto , Suzy Liporoni Priscila Christiane , do Rego Marcos Augusto
Published: April 2015

Treatment of darkened teeth in children is of great importance from an esthetic-functional point of view and for the psychoemotional development of the child. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of three bleaching agents for whitening of artificially stained primary teeth. Fifty anterior primary teeth were artificially stained and then divided into three experimental groups (n = 15) submitted to bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel, 35% carbamide peroxide gel, and 35% carbamide peroxide gel mixed with sodium perborate powder. The control group (n = 5) was not submitted to any bleaching treatment. Color changes were evaluated with a reflectance spectrophotometer and possible alterations in the enamel surface after bleaching were measured by Vickers microhardness testing. The data were assessed using the Student's t test. The results confirmed the bleaching action of the three agents tested. No significant difference in mean microhardness was observed between the three bleaching agents when compared to the control group.
Predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars of the maxillary and mandibular quadrants in an Iranian population
Authors: Tahere Hosseinzadeh , Majid Shalchi. , Fateme Mohandes. , fard Kharazi , Javad Mohammad
Published: April 2015

The aim of this investigation was to examine the accuracy of Moyers probability tables and the Tanaka and Johnston prediction equations in predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars of the maxillary and mandibular quadrants in an Iranian population and to derive a standard formula for it.

Methods. Out of a sample of 280 subjects, 50 (25 males and 25 females) were selected by specific inclusion criteria. An electronic digital caliper was used to read the nearest 0.01mm. The teeth measurements derived were compared with those predicted from Tanaka Johnston equations and Moyers probability tables and then standard regression were developed.

Results. Tanaka and Johnston regression equations overestimate the mesiodistal width of permanent canines and premolars. There were no statistically significant differences between actual mesiodistal width of canines and premolars and the predicted width from Moyers charts at 65% for the lower and upper arches in male subjects and for the lower arch in females but none of the probabilities has good accuracy for the upper arch in females. For the newly developed regression equations, the correlation coefficients between the sum of the mandibular incisors and the sum of the canine and premolars were 0.709 (for lower) and 0.539 (for upper) in subjects.

Conclusions: Tanaka and Johnston overestimate the actual size for Iranian teeth widths. Moyers method can be used at 65% probability level for male subjects and at the 75% and 85% level for upper arch and the 50%and 65% level for lower arch in female subjects.
Management of Blandin-Nuhn Mucocele- A Case report
Authors: Rai Ashmitha , Hegde Amitha , Shetty Y Rajmohan
Published: April 2015

Mucoceles of the glands of Blandin and Nuhn are uncommon and mainly seen on the ventral surface of the tongue. This case report emphasizes the treatment approach of these mucoceles. This patient reported with a second recurrence following conventional treatment, so a novel method was tried by injecting an ultraflow rubber base impression material into the mucocele, after which a surgical excision was done. The present procedure showed a clear demarcated limit of the lesion making the surgical excision easier.
Oral Surgery in a Child with a Prosthetic Aortic Valve and Pulmonary Artery Stent at Risk for Thromboembolism
Authors: Gagneja Monisha , Gagneja Prashant , Steelman Robert , Shaughnessy Robin , Johannes Phyllis Winter
Published: April 2015

Children with prosthetic cardiac valves and other invasive mechanical devices that direct blood flow require anticoagulant medication for prevention of thrombosis. Dental surgery for these children has historically consisted of decreasing and/or discontinuing the oral anticoagulant and instituting heparin therapy prior to the planned dental procedure, which can result in thromboembolism and increased morbidity and mortality. This case report demonstrates that oral anticoagulation need not be decreased or discontinued prior to extraction of multiple carious primary teeth in a child at risk for thromboembolism.
A Clinical Study of Formocresol Pulpotomy versus Root Canal Therapy of Vital Primary Incisors
Authors: Aminabadi Naser Asl , Zadeh Farahani Ramin Mostofi , Gajan Esrafil Balayi
Published: April 2015

Objectives: Pulpotomy of primary incisors is a serious challenge due to the lack of a distinct boundary between the coronal and the radicular pulp and the inaccuracy of the clinical indication criteria. The aim of the present study is the clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpotomy versus root canal therapy(RCT) of vital primary incisors. Study design: A total of 100 incisors in 50 patients (female: 27, male: 23)aged 3-4 years were allocated to formocresol pulpotomy (45 teeth) and RCT (46 teeth) using zinc oxideeugenol. The radiographic and clinical evaluation of treatment outcomes was performed at 12 and 24 months post-operatively. A history of spontaneous pain, missing restorations, recurrent caries, mobility and percussion sensitivity, parulis or fistula, erythema, and swelling were recorded. Data analysis was performed based on two sample proportional test. Results: The clinical success rate was 86.9% for pulpotomy and 95.6% for RCT (P>0.05). The radiographic assessment exhibited no pathologic signs in 76.08% of pulpotomy group and 91.3% of RCT group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The most common pathologic finding was periodontal widening followed by external/internal root resorption. Periapical radiolucency and fistula in pulpotomized teeth was significantly higher than in RCT-treated teeth(P<0.05) Conclusions: It may be concluded that the root canal therapy of vital primary incisors may be efficiently substituted for the pulpotomy of these teeth.
Eruption Disturbances of the Maxillary Incisors:A Literature Review
Authors: Huber Kristin , Suri Lokesh , Taneja Parul
Published: April 2015

Eruption disturbances can be broadly classified as disturbances related to time and disturbances related to position. Time related disturbances include premature eruption, delayed eruption or impactions. A common feature of these is a significant deviation in eruption time within the established norms for a particular age,sex, race or ethnicity. Although root development represents the fundamental biologic parameter for tooth eruption, chronological age at presentation is used as the first criteria in the establishment of the diagnosis of prematurity or a delay in eruption. Eruption disturbances related to position include ectopic eruption and transpositions. Positional deviations too can cause a delay in eruption time, however, more commonly the involved tooth erupts within the expected time frame with an abnormality in position. The focus of this paper is to present a systematic review of the literature including classification, etiology and treatment modalities available for eruption disturbances of the maxillary incisors.
Oral Manifestations In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Children Under Chemotherapy
Authors: Subramaniam Priya , Girish Babu K , Nagarathna J
Published: April 2015

Leukemia is a common malignancy seen in young children and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 75% of all leukemias. Advances in the treatment regimen include multi-agent chemotherapy and central nervous system directed radiotherapy. Immune suppression caused due to disease and therapy makes these children more prone to bacterial, fungal infections and at times reactivation of viral diseases. Hence, the present study was taken to assess, the oral conditions among ALL children during chemotherapy.
Prevalence of Oral Candidiasis in Chronic Renal Failure and Renal Transplant Pediatric Patients
Authors: Olivas-Escárcega Victoria , Ruiz-Rodríguez Ma. del Socorro , Fonseca-Leal Ma. del Pilar , Santos-Díaz Miguel Ángel , Gordillo-Moscoso Antonio , Hernández-Sierra Juan Francisco , Pozos-Guillén Amaury de
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with candidiasis in chronic renal failure (CRF) and renal transplant (RT) patients. A cross-sectional study was made of 66 patients who were divided into 2 groups: group A (33 patients), RT patients, and group B (33 patients), who had been diagnosed with CRF. Data with respect to demographics, treatment type and duration, clinical laboratory results for blood leucocytes, oral hygiene, and diagnosis of oral candidiasis were collected. Risk factors associated with candidiasis were evaluated. Among the 66 patients, 21 showed microbiologic evidence of oral candidiasis; 12 of these were from the RT group and 9 were from the CRF patients. Children who were renally compromised (RT and CRF) presented a frequency of oral candidiasis of 31.82%, with no difference between study groups. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species from RT and CRF patients. Duration of therapy and oral hygiene were the variables associated with the presence of oral candidiasis.
Clinical Approach of Ankyloglossia in Babies: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Cunha Robson Frederico , Silva Janaína Zavitoski , Faria Max Douglas
Published: April 2015

Ankyloglossia is a developmental anomaly of the tongue characterized by a short lingual frenum, resulting in restricted movement of the tongue. Its etiology is undefined and there is no gender preference. Few studies are available in the literature and the diagnosis and management of ankyloglossia in infants remains controversial. We report two cases of infants submitted to lingual frenectomy, emphasizing the management of ankyloglossia and its implications in breast-feeding.
Comparison Between Rotary and Manual Instrumentation in Primary Teeth
Authors: Crespo S , Cortes O , Garcia C , Perez L
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency in both, preparation time and root canal shape, when using the Nickel Titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary and K-Files hand instrumentation on root canal preparation of single rooted primary teeth. Material and methods: Sixty single rooted primary teeth were selected and divided into two equal groups: Group (I) 30 teeth instrumented with manual K- files and group (II) 30 teeth instrumented with Ni-Ti rotary files (ProFile 0.04). Instrumentation times were calculated and root canal impressions were taken with light bodied silicone in order to evaluate the shape. The data was analyzed with SPSS program using the t-test and the Chi-square test to compare their means. Results: The preparation time with group (I) K- files was significantly higher than in group (II) rotary files (ProFile 0.04), with a p= .005. The ProFile system showed a significantly more favorable canal taper when compared to the K-files system (P= .002). Conclusions: The use of rotary files in primary teeth has several advantages when compared with manual K files: the efficiency in both, preparation time and root canal shape. 1. A decreased working time, that helps maintain patient cooperation by diminishing the potential for tiredness. 2. The shape of the root canal is more conical, favoring a higher quality of the root canal filling, and increasing clinical success.
Heterotopic Neuroglial Tissue Associated with Bilateral Palatine Cleft
Authors: Noyola-Frías Miguel , Toranzo-Fernández José Martín , Aguirre-Castillo Alberto , SantosDíaz Miguel Ángel , Oros-Ovalle Cuauhtémoc , de León Daniel Acosta-Díaz , Pozos-Guillén Amaury de
Published: April 2015

Isolated heterotopic lesions of neuroglial tissue may rarely present in the head and neck, or they may be associated with other congenital deviations. In this article we present the case of a 7–month-old patient with a central lesion that emerged through the anterior part of a bilateral palatine fissure.
Headache and Transverse Maxillary Discrepancy
Authors: Farronato G. , Maspero C. , Russo E. , Periti G. , Farronato D.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of rapid palatal expansion in growing patients to eliminate the nasal pyramid stenosis as a cause of primary headache. Patients were invited to participate in the clinical study at the University of Milan, Department of Orthodontics. Forty-one growing patients of both genders suffering from primary neurovascular headaches and having transverse maxillary deficiency were studied before and after rapid palatal expansion. A clinical examination, postero-anterior radiography and rhinomanometry were performed. After rapid palatal expansion (RPE) therapy all patients showed a constant and important increase in the values relating to both skeletal and dental structures, a significant reduction in the mean nasal resistance, and a significant decrease or elimination of headache symptoms. This therapy provides a preventive alternative for surgical procedures, such as the neurovascular decompressive septo-ethmoidosphenoidectomy performed in adult patients.
Changes in Hyoid Position Following Treatment Of Class II Division1 Malocclusions with A Functional Appliance
Authors: Yassaei S. , Sorush M.
Published: April 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine change of hyoid bone position following treatment with functional appliance in patients with class II division 1 malocclusion. Design: This study performed on pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms of 28 patients with class II div I malocclusion treated with Farmand functional appliance on average of 11 months. The range of age of girls was 10–13 years and boys 11–14 years. To study the results, t test and Pearsons correlation coefficient were used. Results: Hyoid bone shifted significantly (P.value < 0.01) forward in horizontal dimension and non significantly upward in vertical dimension. There was no significant difference between three groups in facial growth patterns with respect to hyoid bone position alterations in horizontal dimension but was significant between horizontal and vertical growth pattern in vertical dimension. (P value < 0.05). There was significant correlation between decrease of ANB angle with forward movement of hyoid bone. Conclusion: Following treatment with Farmand functional appliance, significant changes occur in the position and anterior displacement of the hyoid bone.
Fuji III vs. Fuji VII Glass Ionomer Sealants – A Clinical Study
Authors: Kamala B , Hegde Amitha
Published: April 2015

Glass ionomer cements possess several properties that support their consideration in a wide variety of clinical applications including Pit and fissure sealants. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate Fuji III and Fuji VII glass ionomer sealants in terms of retention, caries incidence and salivary fluoride release between two groups of children aged 6 and-8 years respectively. One hundred and ten first permanent molars were sealed and the clinical evaluation showed no incidence of caries. There was partial or complete retention of the sealant in 80% of the treated teeth in both groups at the one-year evaluation. Irrespective of the sealant used, the pattern of fluoride release remained consistent, with an initial high fluoride release followed by low prolonged leakage before returning to baseline value at the end of one year.