bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispute Resolution on Overlapping Land Certificate Through Mediation Based on The Regulation of The Minister of Agrarian Affairs And Spatial Planning Number 11 Year 2016
Authors: Sabda Ghaly Al Banna  , Diana Fitriana
Published: February 2025

This study has the purpose of examining and analyzing mediation efforts in resolving land ownership disputes at the Bekasi City Land Office. In addition, it also analyzes the legal protection for parties to land disputes based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning Number 11 of 2016. The research method used is normative juridical research method. The normative juridical research method is a legal analysis based on legal norms, principles, and doctrines. The results showed that the application of mediation in land ownership disputes at the Bekasi City Land Office has not been effective enough. In 2017-2020, the Bekasi City Land Office was only able to resolve disputes through mediation with a limited number of cases. This is due to external and internal obstacles experienced by the section for controlling and handling land disputes. In addition, legal protection in resolving land disputes at the Bekasi City Land Office is actually not enough to provide legal protection, because the results of the mediation carried out are still not optimal. Internal and external obstacles experienced, causing repressive legal protection has not been fulfilled for the parties to the dispute.
Rasionalitas Tafsir Keuangan Negara Terkait Pengunduran Calon Legislatif Dalam Pkpu Nomor 10 Tahun 2023
Authors: Aldora Eriza Johan  , R. Wahjoe Poernomo Soeprapto
Published: February 2025

Abstrak:         Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah terkait tafsir keuangan negara di dalam PKPU Nomor 10 Tahun 2023. Mengingat dalam pemilu Tahun 2024 ini banyak caleg yang dicoret dari DCT karena dianggap masih menerima gaji atau honor yang bersumber dari keuangan negara contoh di Kabupaten Bojonegoro terdapat caleg yang dicoret dari DCT oleh KPU karena masih menerima gaji yang bersumber dari keuangan negara karena bekerja di tenaga ahli fraksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dengan analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah analisis preskriptif yaitu untuk memberikan argumentasi atas hasil penelitian yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Tafsir keuangan negara dalam PKPU Nomor 10 Tahun 2023 sama artinya dengan yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara. Seseorang yang masih menerima uang atau gaji yang bersumber dari keuangan negara wajib mundur dari pekerjaannya itu bila ingin mencalonkan diri sebagai anggota legislatif. Tujuannya agar tidak ada konflik kepentingan yang berakar dari anggaran negara sehingga dalam bernegara kita bersih dari tindakan kejahatan.
Kata Kunci:   Calon Anggota Legislatif, Keuangan Negara, Pengunduran Diri
Implikasi Hukum dari Barang Bukti yang Tidak Dihadirkan: Analisis Konstruktif dan Perspektif Inovatif
Authors: Erwin Susilo  , Muhammad Rafi
Published: February 2025

Barang bukti, yang didapatkan melalui proses penyitaan, merupakan hal yang fundamental dalam proses persidangan pidana. Namun, KUHAP belum mengatur secara spesifik tentang kedudukan barang bukti yang tidak dihadirkan dan langkah-langkah untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, padahal terhadapnya telah disita oleh penyidik. Berdasarkan penelitian hukum doktrinal ini, ditemukan bahwa Pasal 28G ayat (1) UUD RI 1945 menjamin perlindungan hukum atas harta benda, yang jika dijadikan barang bukti harus melalui penetapan penyitaan dari KPN. Terhadap barang bukti yang tidak dihadirkan, penafsiran Pasal 46 ayat (2) KUHAP menunjukkan bahwa barang bukti harus dikembalikan kepada pihak tersita, namun hal ini bertentangan dengan Pasal 181 ayat (1) KUHAP. Tindakan yang tepat adalah tidak mempertimbangkan barang bukti tersebut sesuai SK KMA No. 359 Tahun 2022, yang juga diikuti oleh beberapa putusan pengadilan. Untuk menjamin keberadaan barang bukti, melalui reformasi KUHAP nantinya, KPN harus diberi kewenangan aktif untuk memeriksa barang bukti sebelum mengeluarkan penetapan penyitaan, dan hakim harus lebih proaktif dalam persidangan, terutama dalam mengingatkan penuntut umum akan kewajibannya menghadirkan barang bukti.
Protection of the Dignity of the Corpse: A Study on the Criminalization of Necrophilia Reviewed from the Maqashid Syariah
Authors: Isnawan Fuadi
Published: February 2025

Necrophilia in Indonesia has not been specifically regulated in the law. This causes a legal vacuum to punish the perpetrators of necrophilia in Indonesia. this research focuses on examining maqashid sharia in the criminalization of necrophilia in Indonesia. The research method used is normative research method. the results show that in Islamic teachings, necrophilia is considered a serious violation of the honor of the corpse which is highly respected, equivalent to respect for the living. This act not only violates the honor of the corpse but also the principle of keeping private parts and sight, which is emphasized in Islam. Criminalizing necrophilia protects individuals from heinous crimes and preserves the moral and ethical values of society in accordance with maqasid al-shariah, which aims to protect human honor and posterity. In the Qur'an, Allah SWT strictly prohibits zina, including all forms of sexual relations outside the bonds of legal marriage, as in Surah Al-Isra' verse 32. Necrophilia, as a sexual perversion, is a grave violation of Islamic teachings that emphasize respect for the human body. This prohibition emphasizes the importance of private parts and morality in the context of marriage and Islamic moral values. Necrophilia tarnishes human dignity, disrupts social order, and violates sharia law and Islamic ethics. Maqāṣid al-syarī'ah includes five main principles: the preservation of religion, soul, mind, offspring, and property, all of which emphasize the importance of prohibiting and punishing practices that insult human dignity such as necrophilia. Criminalizing necrophilia is an important effort to preserve religious integrity, morality, and social justice, as well as protect human dignity and the stability of society.
The Legal Dynamics of Pacta Sunt Servanda in Community Agreements
Authors: Nabila Syadzwina Hindun , Wijaya Natalia Panjaitan  , Agustina Balik
Published: February 2025

Pacta Sunt Seravanda is one of the principles applied in agreements made by the community. However, the fact is that many people do not know about this principle when making transactions in agreements. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle in the Agreement of the Sawai Village Community, North Seram District, Central Maluku Regency. The research method used is sociological legal research, which is a combination research method between doctrinal legal research methods and empirical legal research methods. The implementation of the principle of pacta sunt servanda in Sawai Village, North Seram District, Central Maluku Regency, both in land rights agreements and other agreements in the community must always be socialized as a form of binding agreements that are often made by the community in order to minimize disputes because one party feels disadvantaged and wants to renege on the agreement.
Representation And Participation Of Women In Indonesian Political Parties
Authors: Pramudita Roni Renaldi , Suyaman Prahasti , Mulyanti Asti Sri
Published: February 2025

The role of women in Indonesia's political parties shows that women can take part in government regulatory decisions. However, women's representation in formal political institutions is still quite limited; the low representation is due to profound structural and cultural barriers. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, women's representation in Indonesia has never reached the target of 30% according to the provisions of Law number 2 of 2008 concerning political parties; even in the last five years, data shows that women's representation is only above 20%. This study specifically explores the role of patriarchal culture and the subordination of women in the political decision-making process as the leading causes. This study uses the normative juridical method by analysing data from legal literature sources and reviewing literature through transformative shorts to find the root cause of women's lack of representation in politics. The results of the study show that the lack of representation of women is due to a patriarchal culture created from the collective mindset of the community. The subordination of women in the political constellation is realised due to a lack of understanding from a managerial point of view and explicitly considers it difficult for women to make decisions because it always involves emotions. Thus, systematic efforts are needed through the SEP framework, Self-awareness, Education, Politics, and Promotion, to change public perceptions of the role of women, as well as reforms in political party structures and decision-making processes.
Reciprocal Policy Reformulation of Placement of TNI and Polri in Certain Civilian Positions
Authors: Eka Deviani  , Daffa Ladro Kusworo  , Karmilla Febbiazka  , Marlia Eka Putri A.T.
Published: February 2025

The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) Law, which was just passed in parliament on October 3, has sparked polemics. This regulation allows the TNI and Polri to fill ASN positions within civil institutions, as outlined in Article 19. ASN positions consist of managerial positions and non-managerial positions. The explanation of the article states that the filling of TNI and Polri positions by ASN and vice versa aims to ensure that ASN, TNI and Polri soldiers have balance and equality in their career development based on the Merit System. This provision in principle contradicts the restriction efforts that have been regulated in the Polri Law and TNI Law. Article 28 Paragraph (3) of the Polri Law explicitly states that Polri members can hold positions outside the police after resigning or retiring from the police service. Article 47 Paragraph (1) of the TNI Law also regulates that soldiers can only hold civilian positions after resigning or retiring from active military service. Thus, the government should reassess and reformulate articles that are counterproductive. In the research conducted by the current author, normative research or doctrinal research and empirical juridical research are used. The main types of data in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively, namely the process of organizing and sorting data into patterns, categories, and one basic description, so that it can be formulated in accordance with the research objectives (substantive theory). This research also conducts comparative theory with other countries' concepts in limiting civilian positions for the TNI and Polri. The urgency of this research is to critically examine the reciprocal policy for the placement of certain civilian positions between TNI soldiers and Polri members with State Civil Apparatus (ASN) employees, which is interpreted as an accelerated expansion of job opportunities, but has implications for the staffing system and civilian militarization in Indonesia in projection.
A Comparative Study Of Principle Of Guilt In The Provision Of Indonesian And English Criminal Law
Authors: Rr. Dijan Widijowati
Published: February 2025

The principle of guilt is universally recognized by worldwide nations as the absolute basis of a sentenced person. Principle of No Crime without Guilt or Principle of Guilt contains an understanding that any person committing an action, which contradicts with applicable criminal law, can be sentenced due to the absence of guilt in his/her actions. The principle of no crime without guilt is closely related to principle of legality, stating that there is no crime without previous arrangement. It means that the element of guilt can be attached if there are available regulations stipulating that the committed act is criminal act. This research aims to compare the principles of guilt in Indonesian and English Criminal Law. The method employed in this research was a normative-legal method based on secondary data as research material so that it focused on theoretically speculative measures and normative and qualitative analysis, which were the focus of the discussion on how principle of guilt in the criminal liability in Indonesia compared to with principle of guilt in the UK. The results of the study show that there were differences in the application of the principle of guilt in Indonesian and English criminal law.
ЗАКРИТІСТЬ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ЖИТЛОВИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ: ПОЗИТИВ ЧИ НЕГАТИВ?
Authors: Шилова Т.О.
Published: February 2025

Аналіз сучасних тенденцій будівництва житлових комплексів (ЖК) свідчить про те, що більша частина ЖК мають закриту територію як для автомобілів, так і для пішоходів, і лише трішки більше за чверть мають відкриту територію. В роботі виявлені спільні риси, переваги та недоліки закритих і відкритих ЖК, надані пропозиції щодо того, як можна відкрити території ЖК.
Особливості розвитку медичних знань у Стародавньому Єгипті
Authors: Кожолянко Олена
Published: February 2025

У статті досліджено особливості розвитку різних галузей медичної науки у стародавніх єгиптян, простежено зв’язок медицини з релігією, проаналізовано співвідношення магії та науки у процесі лікування хворих. Медицина у Стародавньому Єгипті займала одну із домінуючих позицій у розвитку науково-практичних знань, у цій галузі давні єгиптяни досягли значних успіхів. Сучасна медична наука багато в чому їй завдячує. Інтерес давніх єгиптян до медицини, лікування хворих, цілеспрямований науковий підхід до діагностики різних хвороб, досить складна рецептура у приготуванні різноманітних ліків – усе це вражає уяву навіть сучасних фахівців. До наших днів збереглися папіруси, що містять важливі відомості щодо розвитку медичних знань у Давньому Єгипті. Значні успіхи давніх єгиптян у розробці раціональних методів лікування не перешкоджали тісному взаємозв’язку давньоєгипетської медицини з магією, проте у Стародавньому Єгипті вплив магії на традиційну медицину був значно меншим, ніж у інших давньосхідних державах.Медицина Давнього Єгипту здійснила помітний вплив на розвиток античної медицини. Давньоєгипетська рецептура ще протягом тривалого періоду використовувалася у середньовічній арабській та європейській медицині. Навіть деякі із сучасних медиків успішно застосовують давньоєгипетську методику у лікуванні певних захворювань.
PENGARUH SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI
Authors: Fauzia Hoerunnisa  , Ambar Sri Lestari  , Nandang Abdurohim
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh sistem informasi manajemen (SIM) pendidikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan administrasi di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 dan 3 Kabupaten Bandung. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi implementasi SIM, menilai kualitas pelayanan administrasi, dan menganalisis hubungan antara keduanya. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode ex post facto, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner skala Likert dan dianalisis dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, serta berbagai uji statistik termasuk regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan SIM berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai 4,23, sedangkan kualitas pelayanan administrasi juga berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 4,47. Uji signifikansi menunjukkan nilai T-test sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05) dan thitung 8,520, mengindikasikan pengaruh signifikan SIM terhadap kualitas pelayanan administrasi dengan koefisien determinasi 78,4%. Kesimpulannya, SIM pendidikan berkontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan kualitas pelayanan administrasi di madrasah tersebut.
Visualization Methods to Support Guideline-Based Care Management
Authors: Aigner Wolfgang  , Kaiser Katharina  , Miksch Silvia
Published: February 2025

Authoring clinical guidelines as well as observing the execution and the maintenance of these is a time-consuming and cumbersome task. Usually, clinical guidelines are represented in conceptual models, which are very hard to understand by domain experts. Furthermore, to analyze the effectiveness and usefulness of clinical guidelines they need to be shown in connection with the patients' data. In this overview book chapter we present different methods to visualize clinical guidelines, patients' data, and the connection thereof. Finally, we illustrate how the different visualization methods support the various tasks in plan management.
Lessons Learned from Adapting a Generic Narrative Diabetic-Foot Guideline to an Institutional Decision-Support System
Authors: Peleg Mor  , Wang Dongwen  , Fodor Adriana  , Keren Sagi  , Karnieli Eddy
Published: February 2025

Clinical guidelines usually need to be adapted to fit local practice before they can be actually used by clinicians. Reasons for adaptation include variations of institution setting such as type of practice and location, availability of resources, differences in patient populations, local policies, and practice patterns. When a guideline is implemented for clinical decision support and integrated with an institution's clinical information system, the data model of the local electronic medical record (EMR) and the data actually collected and stored in it also influence the guideline's adaptation. The purpose of this work is: (1) to characterize a tool-supported process for guideline encoding that addresses local adaptation and EMR integration, and (2) to identify the types of changes in guideline encoding during the local adaptation process.
Verification of Medical Guidelines in KIV
Authors: Schmitt Jonathan  , Balser Michael  , Reif Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

We propose to use computerised medical guidelines as models for verification tools, so they can be validated with medical properties. To test the applicability we provide an implementation of the semantics of the medical planning language Asbru and also provide a formalised guideline for the treatment of breast cancer. With this case study we conduct experiments testing different proof techniques to cope with several challenges which guidelines provide.
Using the Body in Learning to Recognize Objects
Authors: Edgington Mark  , de Gea José  , Metzen Jan Hendrik  , Kassahun Yohannes  , Kirchner Frank
Published: February 2025

Object recognition has traditionally been approached using primarily vision-based strategies. Recent research suggests, however, that intelligent agents use more than vision in order to comprehend and classify their environment. In this work we investigate an agent's ability to recognize objects on the basis of nonvisual proprioceptive information generated by its body. An experiment is presented in which an industrial robot collects and structures information about various objects in terms of its physical configuration. This information is then analyzed using a Bayesian model, which is used subsequently for classifying objects.
Quantification of Localized Vertebral Deformities Using a Sparse Wavelet-based Shape Model
Authors: Zewail R.  , Elsafi A.  , Durdle N.
Published: February 2025

Medical experts often examine hundreds of spine x-ray images to determine existence of various pathologies. Common pathologies of interest are anterior osteophites, disc space narrowing, and wedging. By careful inspection of the outline shapes of the vertebral bodies, experts are able to identify and assess vertebral abnormalities with respect to the pathology under investigation. In this paper, we present a novel method for quantification of vertebral deformation using a sparse shape model. Using wavelets and Independent component analysis (ICA), we construct a sparse shape model that benefits from the approximation power of wavelets and the capability of ICA to capture higher order statistics in wavelet space. The new model is able to capture localized pathology-related shape deformations, hence it allows for quantification of vertebral shape variations. We investigate the capability of the model to predict localized pathology related deformations. Next, using support-vector machines, we demonstrate the diagnostic capabilities of the method through the discrimination of anterior osteophites in lumbar vertebrae. Experiments were conducted using a set of 150 contours from digital x-ray images of lumbar spine. Each vertebra is labeled as normal or abnormal. Results reported in this work focus on anterior osteophites as the pathology of interest.
Prediction of the T2-T12 Kyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis using a Multivariate Regression Model
Authors: Kadoury S.  , Cheriet F.  , Labelle H.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a nonlinear regression model built on the coronal thoracic curvature, the lumbar lordosis and the slope of the first lumbar vertebra in order to estimate the thoracic kyphosis measure between T2 and T12. To train the proposed model, a large database containing scoliotic spines demonstrating several types of scoliotic deformities was used to train the proposed system by a cross-validation method. Validation was performed on patients exhibiting three different types of sagittal thoracic profiles: normal, hypo-kyphotic, and hyper-kyphotic. Results show that a multivariate regression model based on dependent variables is able to predict with a reasonable accuracy the sagittal thoracic kyphosis for the automatic assessment and classification of the spinal curve.
Intervertebral disc changes in an animal model representing altered mechanics in scoliosis
Authors: Stokes I.A.F.  , McBride C.A.  , Aronsson D.D.
Published: February 2025

The intervertebral discs become wedged and narrowed in a scoliosis curve, and this may be due in part to altered biomechanical environment. To study this, external rings were attached by percutaneous pins transfixing adjacent vertebrae in 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats and four permutations of mechanical conditions (4 groups of animals) were compared: (A) 15 degrees Angulation, (B) Angulation with 0.1 MPa Compression, (C) 0.1 MPa Compression, and (D) Reduced mobility. These altered mechanical conditions were applied for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, disc narrowing at the intervention levels was evident in micro-CT images. Average disc space loss as a percent of the initial values over the 5 weeks was 19%, 28%, 22% and 20% four groups listed above. Increased lateral bending stiffness relative to within-animal controls was also observed at all groups. The minimum stiffness was recorded at an angle close to the in vivo value, indicating that angulated discs had adapted to the imposed deformity. In the angulated and compressed discs there was a small difference in the amount of collagen crimping in the disc annuli between concave and convex sides. All experimental interventions produced substantial changes in the intervertebral discs of these growing animals. ‘Reduced mobility’ was present in all interventions, and the changes in the discs with reduced mobility alone were comparable with those in loaded and angulated discs. This suggests that imposed reduced mobility is the major source of disc changes, and may be a factor in disc degeneration in scoliosis. Further studies are in progress to characterize gene expression, matrix protein synthesis and composition in these discs.
Cytogenic abnormalities in buccal cells during spinal deformities in children
Authors: Karganov M.Y.  , Kozhevnikva M.I.  , Aleschenko A.V.  , Khlebnikova N.N.  , Alchinova I.B.  , Pelevina I.I.  , Serebranyi A.M.  , Ternovoy K.S.  , Noskin L.A.
Published: February 2025

Evaluation of the incidence of nucleus abnormalities in buccal epithelium allows detecting the presence and intensity of the effect of various ecological conditions and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Two coefficients were used: mean number of NA per cell and ratio of cells with karyolysis to the total number of cells with NA. Coefficient of karyolysis decreases with increasing anthropogenic load In pupils of a special school in Moscow these coefficients were similar. Analysis of coefficients showed that karyolysis coefficient was reduced in mothers of children with spinal deformities.
Transverse Plane Pelvic Rotation following Rotationally Corrective Instrumentation of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Double Curves
Authors: Asher M.A.  , Burton D.C.  , Lai S.M.  , Gum J.L.  , Carlson B.
Published: February 2025

Noticeable pelvic rotation sometimes occurs; how often? Of 208 consecutive patients, 26 had double curves (Lenke 3 & 6). Rotationally corrective lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation was utilized in 23. Transverse plane pelvic rotation (TPPR) was quantified by the L/R hemi-pelvis width ratio from standing PA scoliosis radiographs. X-rays were oriented with the thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) apex left. The L/R ratio is >1 with left pelvis rotation [counterclockwise; 1.36=~5° (clinically noticeable)] and <1 with right rotation [clockwise; 0.74=~5°]. Significance was determined by the Sign Rank non-parametric test. TL/L angle of trunk inclination corrected from 15°to 2°(p<0.0001). Ninety-one % (21/23) had a readable x-ray sequence; pre-op L/R ratio average 0.91. Thirty eight % (8/21) had TPPR change of ≥5 degrees post operative; Seven clockwise, average L/R ratio of 1.01 (±0.107) pre-op, 0.71 (±0.167) post-op (p=0.0156), 0.94 (ns) intermediate (11 mo.), and 0.86 (ns) at long term (32 mo.). Changed TPPR persisted in four; but was ≥5° from neutral in three, L/R ratio 1.00 pre-op and 0.69 (ns) long term. One of the eight had increased counter-clockwise TPPR (L/R 1.387), which resolved. At follow-up the SRS-22r total score averaged 4.7 for the eight patients with changed post-operative TPPR and 4.6 for the three with persistent increase. We believe this is the first report of translated scoliosis rotation corrective load to the pelvis; and provides reassurance that induced pelvic rotation usually resolves.
Poor Bone Mechanical and Structural Properties in 528 AIS Patients – Using Non-invasive Quantitative Ultrasound
Authors: Hung V.W.Y  , Qin L.  , Yeung H.Y.  , Lee W.T.K.  , Lee K.M.  , Cheng J.C.-Y.
Published: February 2025

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has found to be a useful tool in assessing the quality of bone non-invasively. Previous studies showed that a significant portion of AIS girls have low bone mineral density (BMD). However, studies in mechanical and structural properties of bone in AIS patients are limited. We aimed at to investigate the bone quality in AIS girls using radiation free calcaneal QUS. 528 AIS girls with initial Cobb angle ≥10° and 240 age-matched normal control girls were recruited. QUS measurement was performed at the non-dominant side of calcaneum. Parameters measured by QUS included broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), velocity of sound (VOS) and stiffness index (SI). Independent t-test was used for analysis. Results showed that there were no significant difference in age and menarchal age between AIS and controls (p>0.05). The mean Cobb angle for AIS girls was 30°±11. However, AIS had significantly lower in BUA, VOS and SI than those of the controls (BUA: 117.0±13.9 Vs 123.4±10.9; p<0.01; VOS: 1442.1±46.8 Vs 1447.9±53.8; p=0.037; SI: 353.2±69.3 Vs 379.6±69.3; p<0.01). The current study showed all the QUS parameters were found lower in AIS than those of age-matched controls. Results revealed poor bone quality may reflect the presence of abnormality in bone micro-architecture in AIS patients. Our previous study demonstrated that low BMD, measured by DXA, was found to be one of the risk factors in predicting curve progression. Further study in combining bone density and quality parameters for prognostication of curve progression in AIS could be of great clinical application.
A New System for Classifying Torso Deformities in Scoliosis using Localized Shape Indices
Authors: Ajemba P.O.  , Durdle N.G.  , Raso V.J.
Published: February 2025

Accurate classification of the severity and type of torso deformity is useful for the clinical management of scoliosis. Existing methods of classification are based on landmarks, statistics and machine learning. Landmark identification is difficult and prone to error. Statistics and machine learning often yield generic global classifications of severity such as mild, moderate and severe. This paper presents a new localized classification system for torso deformities in scoliosis comprised of a deformity type and a severity score. The system is based on local shape indices obtained from mathematical models called structured splines models. Structured splines models capture shape components in the coronal, axial and lateral planes. By dividing each torso into apical, thoracic and lumbar vertebra regions and considering the shape components in each of the three planes, we arrive at 32 deformity classes. Experiments on 20 images of 2 volunteers show that the system is robust to variations due to posture and positioning. Results of the analysis of 43 full-torso and 203 back-torso images of 65 scoliosis patients show that most scoliosis torsos occupy only 18 of the 32 classes. Experiments also show that the type of torso deformity strongly correlates to Lenke's spinal deformity classification for thin patients but not for plump patients. The severity of torso deformity strongly correlates to the severity of spinal deformity (Cobb angle) for thin patients. The severity of torso deformity strongly correlates to clinicians' score of deformity but not to clinicians' score of patient clinical history.
A Randomized Controlled Trial on Treatment Outcome and Patient's Acceptance of the SpineCor Vs Rigid Bracing System for AIS Girls
Authors: Lam T.P.  , Wong M.S.  , Ng B.K.W.  , Sin S.W.  , Kwok R.H.K.  , Lee W.T.K.  , Shum S.L.F.  , Chow D.H.K.  , Cheng J.C.Y.
Published: February 2025

SpineCor was a flexible brace for treating AIS. Coillard et al and Weiss et al studied SpineCor and reported different results. To better understand the role of SpineCor for AIS, we evaluated its effectiveness and patient's acceptance using rigid braces as controls. This was a prospective randomized controlled trial on skeletally immature AIS girls managed by a dedicated team according to a standardized protocol. The average follow up was 67 months. All subjects have reached skeletal maturity. Clinical and radiographic assessments were made every three months. Patient's acceptance were assessed with a visual-analog-scale on 16 items at the 3rd, 9th and 18th months. An increase of Cobb's angle >5 degrees within brace was considered a failure. The mean age, mean Risser and mean initial Cobb's angle for the SpineCor (n=22) and rigidbrace (n=21) groups were 12.3 and 12.6, 0.55 and 0.24, 24.0 and 24.4 respectively. 2 SpineCor and 3 rigid-brace subjects defaulted follow up. There were 7 failures in the SpineCor and 1 failure in the rigid-brace group (p=0.022 with the Log Rank test). Apart from 3 out of the 16 items, patient's acceptance and satisfaction were similar between the two groups. SpineCor seemed to give a less favourable result for curve control when compared with the rigid brace. Patient's acceptance was similar between the two groups except for 3 of the 16 items. A larger study was required for defining the role of SpineCor in treating AIS.
The Relationship Between Hip Flexion/Extension and the Sagittal Curves of the Spine
Authors: Driscoll C.  , Aubin C.-E.  , Labelle H.  , Dansereau J.
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to develop a finite element model (FEM) in order to study the relationship between hip flexion/extension and the sagittal curves of the spine. A previously developed FEM of the spine, rib cage and pelvis personalized to the 3D reconstructed geometry of a patient using biplanar radiographs was adapted to include the lower limbs including muscles. Simulations were performed to determine: the relationship between hip flexion / extension and lumbar lordosis / thoracic kyphosis, the mechanism of transfer between hip flexion / extension and pelvic rotation, and the influence that knee bending, muscle stiffness, and muscle mass have on the degree to which sagittal spinal curves are modified due to lower limb positioning. Preliminary results showed that the model was able to accurately reproduce published results for the modulation of lumbar lordosis due to hip flexion; which proved to linearly decrease 68% at 90°of flexion. Additional simulations showed that the hamstrings and gluteal muscles were responsible for the transmission of hip flexion to pelvic rotation with the legs straight and flexed respectively, and the important influence of knee bending on lordosis modulation during lower limb positioning. The knowledge gained through this study is intended to be used to improve operative patient positioning.
Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development in the Yangtze Delta and Its Squeezing-in and Out Effect
Authors: Wu Guoxin  , Li Zhuning  , Jiang Xiujuan
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the academic circle has been paying increasing attention to the economic development in the Yangtze Delta of China, particularly its continuous development driven by growing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This article studies, by way of quantitative analysis, the correlation between FDI and economic development in the Yangtze Delta, and on this basis, analyzes the squeezing-in and out effect of FDI on the regional economic development, and draw some the conclusion.
VCD Bounds for some GP Genotypes
Authors: Montaña José Luis
Published: February 2025

We provide upper bounds for the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension (VCD) of classes of subsets of Rnthat can be recognized by computer programs represented by expression trees built from arithmetic operations ({+,−,*,/,}), infinitely differentiable algebraic operations (like l-root extraction), conditional instructions and sign tests. Our VCD bounds for this genotype are expressed as a polynomial function in the height of the expression trees used to represent the programs. This implies, in particular, that a GP learning machine dealing with a search space containing sequential exponential time computer programs of polynomial parallel complexity needs only a polynomial amount of training examples.
A Compositional Mathematical Model of Machines Transporting Rigid Objects
Authors: Struss Peter  , Kather Axel  , Schneider Dominik  , Voigt Tobias
Published: February 2025

We present models of various elements of a plant that involves the transportation of lumped material. An application context is provided by a project on diagnosing disturbances in food packaging plants and, more specifically, bottling plants. While there exist models of flow of homogeneous matters, such as liquid material in a hydraulic system, based on simultaneous equations of Kirchhoff/Ohm type, in our project we need to cope with non-negligible transportation time of objects and capture phenomena like the tailback of units (if transportation is blocked) or the propagation of gaps in the flow of units. Because the application context requires compositionality of the model, i.e. local, context-free models of the individual transportation elements, we are also facing the problem that whether or not a single element produces an output flow (or accepts an input flow) cannot be determined solely by the model of this element, but only through modeling the interaction with the subsequent element, which may block the output (or the previous one not providing the input). This issue is addressed by modeling the potential of an existing flow distinctly from the actual occurrence of a flow, an idea which also can enhance models of continuous flow.
Test Generation for Model-Based Diagnosis
Authors: Provan Gregory
Published: February 2025

This article formalises the dual problem to model-based diagnosis (MBD), i.e., generating tests to isolate multiple simultaneous faults. Using a standard propositional MBD framework, we first define a test of minimal size that can isolate multiple simultaneous faults of an arbitrary nature. Second, we prove complexity results for multiplefault tests of minimal size in propositional system models, showing such problems have complexity similar to those of MBD problems, i.e., complexity at the second level of the polynomial hierarchy.
CDL: an Integrated Framework for Context Specification and Recognition
Authors: Mastrogiovanni Fulvio  , Scalmato Antonello  , Sgorbissa Antonio  , Zaccaria Renato
Published: February 2025

A framework is introduced that is aimed at integrating ontology and logic approaches for context-awareness, suitable for use in Ambient Intelligence (AmI) scenarios. In particular, the context description language CDL is described, which allows to easily specify patterns of events which occurrences must be monitored by actual systems. As long as systems evolve, symbolic data originating from heterogeneous sources are first aggregated and then classified according to formulas described in CDL. Experimental results performed in a Smart Home environment are presented and discussed.
Web Page Prediction Based on Conditional Random Fields
Authors: Guo Yong Zhen  , Ramamohanarao Kotagiri  , Park Laurence A. F.
Published: February 2025

Web page prefetching is used to reduce the access latency of the Internet. However, if most prefetched Web pages are not visited by the users in their subsequent accesses, the limited network bandwidth and server resources will not be used efficiently and may worsen the access delay problem. Therefore, it is critical that we have an accurate prediction method during prefetching. Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), which are popular sequential learning models, have already been successfully used for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as POS tagging, name entity recognition (NER) and segmentation. In this paper, we propose the use of CRFs in the field of Web page prediction. We treat the accessing sessions of previous Web users as observation sequences and label each element of these observation sequences to get the corresponding label sequences, then based on these observation and label sequences we use CRFs to train a prediction model and predict the probable subsequent Web pages for the current users. Our experimental results show that CRFs can produce higher Web page prediction accuracy effectively when compared with other popular techniques like plain Markov Chains and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs).
Semantic Decomposition for Question Answering
Authors: Hartrumpf Sven
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we develop and evaluate methods for decomposing complex questions for a question answering system to less complex questions. This aims at increasing the number of correct answers, especially in (deep) semantic question answering systems. For example, an event that occurs as a temporal restriction of a question can be queried for its date and the resulting answer can be substituted in the original question leading to a simpler, revised question. We present six decomposition classes, which are employed for annotating the 996 different German QA@CLEF questions from 2004 till 2008 and trigger different decomposition methods. Most methods work on the level of semantic representations, thereby avoiding natural language generation, a second parsing step, and possible errors in these two steps. The decomposition classes are not equally distributed, but three of them occur frequently in the questions. In the evaluation, the precision and recall for automatically classifying questions with respect to the decomposition classes are investigated. Then, the impact on a deep question answering system is determined. On the QA@CLEF questions, which by construction prefer questions that can be answered from single sentences, the performance gain in number of correct answers is not large, but significant. This encourages us to develop and test further decomposition classes and methods as future work.
Why is this Wrong? – Diagnosing Erroneous Speech Recognizer Output with a Two Phase Parser
Authors: Ludwig Bernd  , Hacker Martin
Published: February 2025

A major problem of understanding language in spoken dialog systems is to detect recognition errors in the output of a speech recognizer. Such a capability is the basis of implementing repair strategies that allow a dialog system to handle communication about misunderstandings similarly to other clarifications. In this paper we present a two-phase approach that combines chunk and dependency parsing and takes the global syntactic structure of recognizer output into account. This enables us to identify dependencies between chunks and detect syntactical errors caused by word confusions in case dependency constraints are violated. Finally, we apply these diagnostics to dialog modeling and discuss how the resulting error information can be used by clarification strategies.
Single-peaked consistency and its complexity
Authors: Escoffier Bruno  , Lang Jérôme  , Öztürk Meltem
Published: February 2025

A common way of dealing with the paradoxes of preference aggregation consists in restricting the domain of admissible preferences. The most well-known such restriction is single-peakedness. In this paper we focus on the problem of determining whether a given profile is single-peaked with respect to some axis, and on the computation of such an axis. This problem has already been considered in [2]; we give here a more efficient algorithm and address some related issues, such as the number of orders that may be compatible with a given profile, or the communication complexity of preference aggregation under the single-peakedness assumption.
Frontier Search for Bicriterion Shortest Path Problems
Authors: Mandow L.  , Pérez de la Cruz J.L.
Published: February 2025

Frontier search is a new search technique that achieves important memory savings over previous best-first search algorithms. This paper describes an extension of frontier search to bicriterion graph search problems that achieves also important memory savings. The new algorithm is evaluated using a set of random problems.
Heuristics for Dynamically Adapting Propagation
Authors: Stergiou Kostas
Published: February 2025

Building adaptive constraint solvers is a major challenge in constraint programming. An important line of research towards this goal is concerned with ways to dynamically adapt the level of local consistency applied during search. A related problem that is receiving a lot of attention is the design of adaptive branching heuristics. The recently proposed adaptive variable ordering heuristics of Boussemart et al. use information derived from domain wipeouts to identify highly active constraints and focus search on hard parts of the problem resulting in important saves in search effort. In this paper we show how information about domain wipeouts and value deletions gathered during search can be exploited, not only to perform variable selection, but also to dynamically adapt the level of constraint propagation achieved on the constraints of the problem. First we demonstrate that when an adaptive heuristic is used, value deletions and domain wipeouts caused by individual constraints largely occur in clusters of consecutive or nearby constraint revisions. Based on this observation, we develop a number of simple heuristics that allow us to dynamically switch between enforcing a weak, and cheap local consistency, and a strong but more expensive one, depending on the activity of individual constraints. As a case study we experiment with binary problems using AC as the weak consistency and maxRPC as the strong one. Results from various domains demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed heuristics.
Solving Necklace Constraint Problems
Authors: Flener Pierre  , Pearson Justin
Published: February 2025

Some constraint problems have a combinatorial structure where the constraints allow the sequence of variables to be rotated (necklaces), if not also the domain values to be permuted (unlabelled necklaces), without getting an essentially different solution. We bring together the fields of combinatorial enumeration, where efficient algorithms have been designed for (special cases of) some of these combinatorial objects, and constraint programming, where the requisite symmetry breaking has at best been done statically so far. We design the first search procedure and identify the first symmetry-breaking constraints for the general case of unlabelled necklaces. Further, we compare dynamic and static symmetry breaking on real-life scheduling problems featuring (unlabelled) necklaces.
Two Stage Knowledge Discovery for Spatio-temporal Radio-emission Data
Authors: Haringer Matthias  , Hotz Lothar  , Kamp Vera
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce a method to examine and interpret spatio-temporal radio emission datasets. The goal is to find communication patterns in the data in respect to spatial, temporal, and frequency based attributes. The chosen approach is a combination of two different AI-methods. First a clustering algorithm groups spatially close data points to potential emitters. In a second step a model-based constraint solving technique is applied to find relationships between the identified emitters. The used models describe rules of the communications that are to be found. This guarantees a flexible search for different kinds of communication.
Computability and Complexity Issues of Extended RDF
Authors: Analyti Anastasia  , Antoniou Grigoris  , Damásio Carlos Viegas  , Wagner Gerd
Published: February 2025

ERDF stable model semantics is a recently proposed semantics for ERDF ontologies and a faithful extension of RDFS semantics on RDF graphs. Unfortunately, ERDF stable model semantics is in general undecidable. In this paper, we elaborate on the computability and complexity issues of the ERDF stable model semantics.
Fred meets Tweety
Authors: Kakas Antonis  , Michael Loizos  , Miller Rob
Published: February 2025

We propose a framework that brings together two major forms of default reasoning in Artificial Intelligence: applying default property classification rules in static domains, and default persistence of properties in temporal domains. Particular attention is paid to the central problem of qualification. We illustrate how previous semantics developed independently for the two separate forms of default reasoning naturally lead to the integration that we propose, and how this gives rise to domains where different types of knowledge interact and qualify each other while preserving elaboration tolerance.
Classifier Combination Using a Class-indifferent Method
Authors: Bi Yaxin  , Wu Shenli  , Xiong Pang  , Shen Xuhui
Published: February 2025

In this paper we present a novel approach to combining classifiers in the Dempster-Shafer theory framework. This approach models each output given by classifiers as a list of ranked decisions (classes), which is partitioned into a new evidence structure called a triplet. Resulting triplets are then combined by Dempster's rule. With a triplet, its first subset contains a decision corresponding to the largest numeric value of classes, the second subset corresponds to the second largest numeric value and the third subset represents uncertainty information in determining the support for the former two decisions. We carry out a comparative analysis with the combination methods of majority voting, stacking and boosting on the UCI benchmark data to demonstrate the advantage of our approach.
ERS: Evaluating Reputations of Scientific Journals
Authors: Samuel Émilie  , de la Higuera Colin
Published: February 2025

Current methods for evaluating research are based on counting the number of citations received for publications. Thus, the more an article is cited and the more its impact is considered as important. In this article, we propose a new method for assessing the reputation of scientific journals, based on a Web application in which are gathered the votes of expert researchers. The voting results indicate degrees of preference for one journal over another. Our system uses, in addition, the publications of an expert in order to quantify his expertise in specific fields. These values are coupled with those of votes to determine the relevance, according to the field, of each journal in each topic. An iterative process of transferring values given to journals by experts to values of the experts themselves given their publications has been implemented.