bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transoral robotic total laryngectomy
Authors: Smith Richard V. , Schiff Bradley A. , Sarta Catherine , Hans Stéphane , Brasnu Daniel
Published: January 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Minimally invasive surgery has become the standard of care in many organ systems. Head and neck surgery has incorporated transoral surgery, either laser microsurgery or robotic resection, in the management of pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. To date, the laryngeal procedures have taken the form of partial laryngectomy, as transoral approaches have not allowed reconstruction following total laryngectomy. We present the first series of transoral total laryngectomies.

Study Design:

Multinational, multi‐institutional prospective consecutive case series.

Methods:

Case series of completed and attempted transoral robotic surgery (TORS) total laryngectomy performed under an institutional review board protocol. The procedure was developed in the cadaver laboratory and applied to selected individuals requiring total laryngectomy for recurrent laryngeal cancer or post‐therapeutic organ dysfunction.

Results:

TORS total laryngectomy was successfully performed in five patients and was unsuccessful in two others. Two of the patients had postoperative fistulae, and all seven are without evidence of recurrent cancer and are swallowing orally without gastrostomy supplementation.

Conclusions:

TORS total laryngectomy is feasible and can be taught to other surgeons. Potential benefits of this approach are present for patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy and include improved wound healing and functional results. This procedure further extends the applications of robotic head and neck surgery. Laryngoscope, 2013
Survival outcomes in acute invasive fungal sinusitis: A systematic review and quantitative synthesis of published evidence
Authors: Turner Justin H. , Soudry Ethan , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H.
Published: January 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is an aggressive and often fatal infection. Despite improvements in medical and surgical therapy, survival remains limited and the factors that contribute to patient outcomes remain poorly understood. The current study systematically reviews and quantitatively synthesizes the published literature to characterize prognostic factors associated with survival.

Study Design

Systematic review.

Methods

Fifty‐two studies comprising a total of 807 patients met inclusion criteria and were used for analysis of treatment, presentation, and outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify prognostic factors.

Results

All studies were classified as level 4 evidence, as per definitions provided by the Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine. The most common presenting symptoms of patients with AIFS were facial swelling (64.5%), fever (62.9%), and nasal congestion (52.2%). Most patients were treated with a combination of intravenous antifungal medication and surgery. The overall survival rate was 49.7%. On univariate analysis, poor prognosis was associated with renal/liver failure, altered mental status, and intracranial extension. Patients who were diabetic, had surgery, or received liposomal amphotericin B had an improved chance of survival. On multivariate analysis, advanced age and intracranial involvement were identified as independent negative prognostic factors. Positive prognostic factors again included diabetes and surgical resection.

Conclusions

The overall mortality of patients with AIFS remains high, with only half of the patients surviving. Diabetic patients appear to have a better overall survival than patients with other comorbidities. Patients who have intracranial involvement, or who do not receive surgery as part of their therapy, have a poor prognosis.

Level of Evidence

N/A.
Shortest paths avoiding forbidden subpaths
Authors: Ahmed Mustaq , Lubiw Anna
Published: January 2013

We study a variant of the shortest path problem in graphs: given a weighted graph Gand vertices sand t, and given a set Xof forbidden paths in G, find a shortest s‐ tpath Psuch that no path in Xis a subpath of P. Path Pis allowed to repeat vertices and edges. We call each path in Xan exception, and our desired path a shortest exception avoiding path. We formulate a new version of the problem where the algorithm has no a priori knowledge of X, and finds out about an exception x∈Xonly when a path containing xfails. This situation arises in computing shortest paths in optical networks. We give an algorithm that finds a shortest exception avoiding path in time polynomial in |G| and |X|. The main idea is to use a shortest path algorithm incrementally after replicating vertices when an exception is discovered. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Distance edge coloring and collision‐free communication in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Drira Kaouther , Seba Hamida , Effantin Brice , Kheddouci Hamamache
Published: January 2013

Motivated by the problem of link scheduling in wireless sensor networks where different sensors have different transmission and interference ranges and may be mobile, we study the problem of “distance edge coloring” of graphs, which is a generalization of proper edge coloring. Let Gbe a graph modeling a sensor network. An ℓ‐distance edge coloring of Gis a coloring of the edges of Gsuch that any two edges within distance ℓof each other are assigned different colors. The parameter ℓis chosen, so that the links corresponding to two edges that are assigned the same color do not interfere. We investigate the ℓ‐distance edge coloring problem on several families of graphs that can be used as topologies in sensor deployment. We focus on determining the minimum number of colors needed and optimal coloring algorithms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Parental information, motivation, and adherence behaviors among children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Butler Ashley M. , Rattler Tiffany L. , Kowalkowski Marc A. , Mueller Brigitta U. , Giordano Thomas P.
Published: January 2013

Background

Identification of psychosocial correlates of health care utilization has become an important strategy in improving clinical care. The objective of the study was to examine the fit of the Information‐Motivation‐Behavioral Skills (IMB) model, applied to health care utilization among children with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Procedure

Participants were parents of 150 children, ages 1–17 years, receiving care in a sickle cell center. Parents completed questionnaires assessing information, motivation, adherence behaviors, and other factors with respect to SCD management. Data regarding health care utilization in the previous 12 months were obtained from parent report and electronic medical records. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine associations between IMB factors and health care use.

Results

Parents rated highly in the domains of information, motivation, and adherence behaviors for managing their child's SCD. Children of parents reporting higher satisfaction with social supports had higher odds (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.15) of two or more routine hematology visits in the previous 12 months. Neither information nor adherence behavior was associated with urgent or routine care use. Among other variables measured, high parental illness‐related stress and child health status reported as fair/poor were the strongest predictors of urgent care use while private insurance type was the strongest predictor of routine care use.

Conclusions

Among IMB factors, social support was associated with routine health care utilization. Social support and parental illness‐related stress may serve as important, modifiable targets in interventions to allocate needed resources to families and reduce unnecessary medical care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1204–1210. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal conductive performance of organosoluble polyimide/BN and polyimide/(BN + ALN) composite films fabricated by a solution‐cast method
Authors: Kuo D.H. , Lin C.Y. , Jhou Y.C. , Cheng J.Y. , Liou G.S.
Published: January 2013

Organosoluble polyimide (PI)/ceramic composite films with different BN or (BN + AlN) contents were under investigation for their thermal conductive performances. The chosen polyimide constituted by 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic dianhydride/2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluor opropane could be dissolved and cast into thin films at room temperature. The commercially available BN and AlN fillers up to a volume ratio of 0.6 were added to the polyimide and their thermal conductive performances were measured. BN powders needed a surface precoating treatment to avoid sedimentation. The dense and flexible PI/BN composite films, after a drying treatment at 200°C, showed high thermal conductivity of 2.3 W/m·K−1 at a BN volume ratio of 0.6, as compared with 0.13 W/m·K−1 for pristine polyimide. However, in the case of PI/(BN + AlN) composite films, thermal conductive performance degraded because the films became highly porous at the higher AlN content. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluation of a program of integrated care to reduce recurrent osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Goltz Lisa , Degenhardt Gabriel , Maywald Ulf , Kirch Wilhelm , Schindler Christoph
Published: January 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the outcomes of patients participating in a program of integrated care for osteoporosis in terms of medication supply, fracture incidence and expenses.

Methods

Outcomes were assessed from secondary data provided by the AOK PLUS health insurance for 2455 participants of the program and the same number of matched controls who were also diagnosed with osteoporosis but did not participate in the program. Supply with Calcium and Vitamin D, antiresorptive agents and analgesics was assessed by defined daily doses. Osteoporotic fractures were identified by hospitalization data. Costs for fracture treatment, medication supply and additional expenses of the program were also included in the dataset.

Results

Patients enrolled in the program of integrated care received significantly more medication to treat osteoporosis than controls. There was no significant reduction in fracture incidence among participants of integrated care, but a reduced need of analgesics was noted. Additional costs for patients enrolled in the program were caused by a higher number of drug prescriptions, higher costs for stationary treatment and additional expenses for program related care and diagnostics.

Conclusions

The program of integrated care was not found to be effective in reducing recurrent fractures. Cost effectiveness defined as a reduced rate of fractures in integrated care patients could not be shown by the assessed outcome measures. This missing reduction in fracture incidence may be explained by a non‐sufficient improvement – compared to a placebo‐controlled clinical trial – in medication supply and non‐comparability of our real‐world patient population with highly controlled clinical trial participants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of coating method on gas separation by PDMS/PES membrane
Authors: Madaeni S.S. , Badieh M. Mohammadi Sarab , Vatanpour V.
Published: January 2013

In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐coated polyethersulfone (PES) composite membrane was prepared for gas separation. “Film casting” and “dip‐coating” techniques were used for producing selective PDMS layer on the surface of the PES support. The effects of coating technique and conditions including coating solution concentration and curing temperature on permselectivity of CO2, CH4, and N2 were investigated. The prepared PES support did not provide any selectivity to the gases. When the concentration of PDMS coating solution was increased, initially permeability of CO2 was rapidly dropped and then gradually reached to an almost constant value. The optimum concentration of coating solution was 5 wt%. Curing temperature showed no pronounced effect on the CO2 permeability and selectivity. In “film casting” method, double coating showed superior permeability and selectivity. However, triple “dip‐coating” was promising. The selectivity of composite membrane prepared by “dip‐coating” was higher than “film casting” method. CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of five sequential dip‐coated composite membranes was 45.5 and 9.3, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influences between Online–Exclusive, Conjoint and Offline–Exclusive Friendship Networks: The Moderating Role of Shyness
Authors: van Zalk Maarten Herman Walter , Van Zalk Nejra , Kerr Margaret , Stattin Hakan
Published: January 2013

Prior research has indicated that shy adolescents are more motivated to form friendships online than to form friendships offline. Little is known about whether having friendships found exclusively online may impact self–esteem and forming offline friendships for these adolescents. This study therefore aimed to provide insight into the moderating role of shyness in the longitudinal interplay between friendships in online and offline contexts in early adolescence. Adolescents and their friends (193 girls, 196 boys; Mage = 13.29) were followed with three consecutive measurements with intervals of eight months. Results showed that particularly for shy adolescents, having friends exclusively online predicted increases in self–esteem. Self–esteem, in turn, was found to predict forming more friendships found both offline and online and forming more friendships found exclusively offline. Thus, findings supported the social compensation perspective that shy adolescents may benefit from having friends exclusively online, as these friendships may increase self–esteem, thereby facilitating the formation of friendships found partially and completely offline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power conversion in concentrating photovoltaic systems: central, string, and micro‐inverters
Authors: Kim Yong Sin , Winston Roland
Published: January 2013

In this paper, concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems coupled with various inverter configurations are modeled, compared, and tested. Because CPV systems use optics to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient PV cells, the systems are affected not only by mismatches in the I–V characteristics among individual PV cells but also by the electro‐optical mismatches of each concentrator. The best way to minimize power losses by these mismatches is having higher quality controls in aligning at the time of manufacturing and installation. To mitigate the power losses when mismatches are present, electrical components can be considered at the expense of additional cost. The developed models for central, string, and micro‐inverters allow an accurate estimation of power losses in CPV systems and can be used to find an optimum solution for various power conversion schemes on the basis of the given mismatch conditions. Simulation results show that a CPV system with micro‐inverters outperforms a CPV system with conventional inverters. Experimental test results under normal operation validate that power losses in a CPV system can be reduced by more than 5% by using the micro‐inverter scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile aqueous synthesis and stabilization of nearly monodispersed gold nanospheres by poly(L‐proline)
Authors: Gkikas Manos , Timonen Jaakko , Ruokolainen Janne , Alexandridis Paschalis , Iatrou Hermis
Published: January 2013

A facile strategy is developed to synthesize Au nanoparticles (Au‐NPs) using water‐soluble poly(L‐proline) (PLP). The synthesized NPs were characterized by TEM, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and circular dichroism. It was found that PLP has a “dual” role as an efficient reductant of Au(III) and simultaneously as a stabilizing agent of Au‐NPs. The influence of PLP molecular weight, temperature, initial Au(III) concentration, and Au(III)/PLP molar ratio on the size and dispersity of Au‐NPs is examined. It was found that the unique extended secondary structure of PLP II resulted in the facile formation of highly crystalline Au‐NPs in water at a very low Au(III)/PLP molar ratio. These Au‐NPs have the smallest dimensions and size distributions among NPs synthesized so far by polymeric materials in aqueous media, and exhibit enduring colloidal stability. Therefore, by utilizing biocompatible and benign materials in water, we managed to obtain Au‐NPs, so as the final product is ready‐to‐use for biomedical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
“Nascent” Cu(0) nanoparticles‐mediated single electron transfer living radical polymerization of acrylonitrile at ambient temperature
Authors: Yu Yun‐Hai , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Jia Di , Cheng Bo‐Wen , Zhang Fei‐Jun , Li Hui‐Na , Chen Peng , Xie Shan
Published: January 2013

Zn(0)/ppm concentrations of CuBr2 from 10 to 50 ppm was firstly used to catalyze radical polymerization of acrylonitrile at ambient temperature. The polymerization displayed typical living radical polymerization (LRP) characteristics, as evidenced by pseudo first‐order kinetics of polymerization, linear increase of number‐average molecular weight, and low polydispersity index (PDI) value. Effects of solvent, copper concentration, and initiator concentration on the polymerization reaction and molecular weight as well as PDI were investigated in detail. EC excelled NMP, DMF, and DMSO in terms of rate of polymerization as well as control of molecular weight and PDI. The increase of the copper concentration from 2.5 to 50 ppm leads to a higher rate of polymerization and a better control over the polymerization reaction. 1H NMR and GPC analyses as well as chain extension reaction confirmed the very high chain‐end functionality of the resultant polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Effect of low‐temperature processing on dry film photoresist properties for flexible electronics
Authors: Vásquez Quintero Andrés , Briand Danick , de Rooij Nico F.
Published: January 2013

This study presents the mechanical characterization of the dry film photoresist PerMX and its adhesion properties when laminated onto Kapton® E (PI) and Melinex® ST506 (PET). Additionally, the processing temperature, the adhesion strength, and the neutral plane position are investigated and optimized. A relatively low‐temperature (85 °C) process is developed to protect the integrity of the polymers with low glass transition temperature and reduce the thermal mismatch stress. Reduction in processing temperature led to a decrement in the adhesion strength. To counteract this unwanted effect, surface treatments (oxygen plasma) are performed on the polymer surface before lamination. Using the latter techniques, adhesion of PerMX to PET (hard bake: 1 h at 85 °C) is increased from 0.07 to 0.26 N mm−1 (variation of 270%). Finally, the mechanical robustness is investigated and increased by tuning the position of the neutral plane, after 50,000 bending cycles and a radius of curvature of 2.5 mm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Combustion of Nanoaluminum and Water Propellants: Effect of Equivalence Ratio and Safety/Aging Characterization
Authors: Sippel Travis R. , Pourpoint Timothée L. , Son Steven F.
Published: January 2013

The deflagration and combustion efficiency of 80 nm aluminum/ice (ALICE) mixtures with equivalence ratios of ϕ=1.0, 0.75, and 0.67 were experimentally investigated. We find that pressure exponent and burning rate vary little between these three mixtures, with the exponent varying only from 0.42 to 0.50 and burning rate at 6.9 MPa varying from 2.05 to 2.10 cm s−1. However, reducing the equivalence ratio from 1.0 to 0.67 surprisingly increases combustion efficiency from 70 % to 95 % with unburned aluminum agglomerates visible in electron microscopy photographs of 70 % combustion efficiency (ϕ=1.0) products. Our findings suggest that nanoaluminum/water combustion is diffusionally limited for all conditions considered. Aging tests on the propellant show that storage at −30 °C essentially stops the Al/H2O reaction such that little nanoaluminum degradation occurs after 200 days. Electrostatic discharge (ESD), shock initiation, and impact sensitivity tests indicate that the propellant is insensitive to ignition by these stimuli. Specifically, while neat nanoaluminum powders are highly ESD sensitive (ignition threshold 0.3–14 mJ), nAl/H2O mixtures are insensitive to ESD and have ignition thresholds in excess of 400 mJ. Likewise, nAl/H2O mixtures are insensitive to impact ignition, having an ignition threshold in excess of 2.2 m. Propellants containing 80 nm or larger average particle size aluminum were also found to be insensitive to shock initiation.
Tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane (Née CLL‐1) as a Potential Explosive Ingredient: a Theoretical Study
Authors: Buszek Robert J. , Lindsay C. Michael , Boatz Jerry A.
Published: January 2013

Ab initio electronic structure calculations at the MP2/cc‐pVTZ level predict the vibrational stability of the theoretical molecule tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane, designated CLL‐1. The gas phase enthalpy of formation, predicted to be +1029.3 kJ mol−1 using the G3(MP2) method, and the estimated density of 1.87 g cm−3 are used to predict the explosive performance properties using the equilibrium thermochemical code CHEETAH. The predicted detonation velocity (8.61 km s−1) and pressure (33.1 GPa) are similar to those of RDX, but with a significantly higher detonation temperature (6740 K). Finally, the stability of this theoretical molecule is investigated by calculating the lowest energy unimolecular decomposition pathways of the HCO3N model compound as well as barriers to rearrangement upon interaction of two HCO3N molecules.
Flexible semi‐transparent silicon (100) fabric with high‐k/metal gate devices
Authors: Rojas Jhonathan P. , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa
Published: January 2013

Can we build a flexible and transparent truly high performance computer? High‐k/metal gate stack based metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor devices are monolithically fabricated on industry's most widely used low‐cost bulk single‐crystalline silicon (100) wafers and then released as continuous, mechanically flexible, optically semi‐transparent and high thermal budget compatible silicon fabric with devices. This is the first ever demonstration with this set of materials which allows full degree of freedom to fabricate nanoelectronics devices using state‐of‐the‐art CMOS compatible processes and then to utilize them in an unprecedented way for wide deployment over nearly any kind of shape and architecture surfaces. Electrical characterization shows uncompromising performance of post release devices. Mechanical characterization shows extra‐ordinary flexibility (minimum bending radius of 1 cm) making this generic process attractive to extend the horizon of flexible electronics for truly high performance computers.

magnified image

Schematic and photograph of flexible high‐k/metal gate MOSCAPs showing high flexibility and C–V plot showing uncompromised performance.

(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The structure and evolution of lower stratospheric frontal zones. Part II: The influence of tropospheric ascent on lower stratospheric frontal development
Authors: Lang Andrea A. , Martin Jonathan E.
Published: January 2013

The intensification of frontal characteristics in the region above the mid‐latitude jet core within the lower stratospheric portion of an upper‐level jet front system (ULJF) is known as lower stratospheric frontogenesis. Four recent cases of lower stratospheric frontogenesis in southwesterly flow are examined in order to elucidate the interaction between lower stratospheric dynamical processes and tropospheric ascent that characterizes such developments. In all of the cases examined the lower stratospheric front was (1) characterized by lower stratospheric quasi‐geostrophic forcing for ascent on its cold side, and (2) parallel to a surface cold front.

As latent heating associated with ascent along the surface cold front redistributed the potential temperature field within the upper troposphere, the stability of the near‐tropopause upper troposphere decreased, thus intensifying the response to lower stratospheric frontal forcing by enhancing the frontogenetic ascent within the upper troposphere. It is therefore suggested that ascent originating in the lower troposphere is able to influence the development of lower stratospheric fronts and substantially alter the structure of the mid‐latitude tropopause and its associated horizontal potential vorticity gradient at and above the jet core. The implications of lower stratospheric frontogenetic processes on facilitating tropical–extratropical interactions is discussed.
The evaluation of the integrated water vapour annual cycle over the Iberian Peninsula from EOS‐MODIS against different ground‐based techniques
Authors: Bennouna Y. S. , Torres B. , Cachorro V. E. , Ortiz de Galisteo J. P. , Toledano C.
Published: January 2013

The annual cycle of precipitable water vapour is inferred from the MODIS thermal infrared (IR) and near‐infrared (NIR) satellite products under clear‐sky conditions for the period 2002–2008 at 18 sites in the Iberian Peninsula, with the aim to evaluate the capabilities of both algorithms. The article presents these results in relation to ground observations using different techniques (GPS, sunphotometer, radiosounding), with a special emphasis on GPS. At all sites the annual cycle presents the typical shape with low values in winter (minimum ∼1 cm) and high values in summer (maximum ∼3 cm), and a smaller cycle amplitude at continental sites than at coastal sites. The satellite results clearly depict the north–south gradient, as well as singular patterns such as the July minimum characterizing the most southern stations. The differences in the monthly means with respect to ground observations are mostly underestimations, ranging between a few percent to 40%, being generally larger in winter than in summer. Overall, NIR performs better than IR, especially in the wintertime. However, NIR presents overestimations in summer that can reach up to 30%. The comparison results of the annual cycle appear much more heterogeneous within coastal than continental areas, in particular for the Mediterranean region. It was found that the performance of IR algorithm is strongly influenced by the seasonal variations, a dependence which is much weaker in NIR retrievals. The time‐coincident comparison shows that best MODIS/GPS agreement is found for continental regions (r.m.s.∼0.3) for both methods. The largest regression biases and rms differences are found at the Mediterranean sites. The influence of sampling in the evaluation of the MODIS annual cycle was shown to affect mainly winter values. Errors induced by the retrieval accuracy and those induced by sampling deficiencies sometimes add up or compensate each other partially or totally.
Association rule hiding methods
Authors: Verykios Vassilios S.
Published: January 2013

Privacy preserving data mining has been recently introduced to cope with privacy issues related to the data subjects in the course of the mining of the data. It has also been recognized that it is not only the data that need to be protected but sensitive knowledge hidden in the data as well. Knowledge hiding is an emerging area of research focusing on appropriately modifying the data in such a way that sensitive knowledge escapes the mining and is not communicated to the public for privacy purposes. This article investigates the development of techniques falling under the knowledge‐hiding umbrella that pertain to the association rule‐mining task. These techniques are known as association rule hiding or frequent pattern hiding approaches, and have been receiving a lot of attention lately because they touch upon important issues of handling a sort of commonly used patterns such as the frequent patterns and the association rules. We present an overview of this area as well as a taxonomy and a presentation of an important sample of algorithms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules

Technologies > Association Rules
The role of aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) in ethanol production from glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Oh Baek-Rock , Hong Won-Kyung , Heo Sun-Yeon , Joe Min-ho , Seo Jeong-Woo , Kim Chul Ho
Published: January 2013

Transcriptome analysis of a K. pneumoniae GEM167 mutant strain derived by irradiation with gamma rays, which exhibited high-level production of ethanol from glycerol, showed that the mutant expressed AdhE at a high level. Ethanol production decreased significantly, from 8.8 to 0.5 g l−1, when an adhE-deficient derivative of that strain was grown on glycerol. Bacterial growth was also reduced under such conditions, showing that AdhE plays a critical role in maintenance of redox balance by catalyzing ethanol production. Overexpression of AdhE enhanced ethanol production, from pure or crude glycerol, to a maximal level of 31.9 g l−1 under fed-batch fermentation conditions; this is the highest level of ethanol production from glycerol reported to date.
Health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria: unimpaired HRQoL in patients but feared school failure in parents
Authors: Thimm Eva , Schmidt Lisa Elena , Heldt Katrin , Spiekerkoetter Ute
Published: January 2013

Aim of the study was the evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and the detection of deviant behavior in early‐treated children and adolescents with PKU in comparison with healthy peers. Special focus was laid on the impact of compliance with treatment as defined by the national recommendations on HRQoL. Our investigation in 50 children and adolescents and their parents for the first time demonstrates that despite an overall normal HRQoL in our PKU patient collective, parents are concerned about performance in school especially when phenylalanine concentrations in their children are mainly above the therapeutic range. Adherence to target phenylalanine concentrations ameliorated markedly in patients above 10 years in comparison to younger patients due to relaxed treatment recommendations. Interestingly, this alleged improvement in metabolic control has an impact on the parent assessed but not on the patient assessed appraisal of HRQoL. However, a positive correlation between poor metabolic control and conduct problems was identified by patients’ self‐assessment. In conclusion, lacking adherence to the strict treatment recommendations in infancy results in significant concern about school success and success in life in parents of PKU patients. With relaxation of dietary phenylalanine restriction at 10 years of age, these concerns diminish.
Metabolite proofreading, a neglected aspect of intermediary metabolism
Authors: Van Schaftingen Emile , Rzem Rim , Marbaix Alexandre , Collard François , Veiga‐da‐Cunha Maria , Linster Carole L.
Published: January 2013

Enzymes of intermediary metabolism are less specific than what is usually assumed: they often act on metabolites that are not their ‘true’ substrate, making abnormal metabolites that may be deleterious if they accumulate. Some of these abnormal metabolites are reconverted to normal metabolites by repair enzymes, which play therefore a role akin to the proofreading activities of DNA polymerases and aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases. An illustrative example of such repair enzymes is L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, which eliminates a metabolite abnormally made by a Krebs cycle enzyme. Mutations in L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase lead to L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a leukoencephalopathy. Other examples are the epimerase and the ATP‐dependent dehydratase that repair hydrated forms of NADH and NADPH; ethylmalonyl‐CoA decarboxylase, which eliminates an abnormal metabolite formed by acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, an enzyme of fatty acid synthesis; L‐pipecolate oxidase, which repairs a metabolite formed by a side activity of an enzyme of L‐proline biosynthesis. Metabolite proofreading enzymes are likely quite common, but most of them are still unidentified. A defect in these enzymes may account for new metabolic disorders.
Liver transplantation and cell therapies for inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: McKiernan Patrick
Published: January 2013

Liver transplantation is now very successful with >85 % long term survival into adult life. When considering the impact of liver transplantation for metabolic disease two independent factors need to be considered; whether or not the defect causes liver disease and whether or not it is confined to the liver. When considering transplantation many factors need to be considered including the local success of transplantation, the impact of the metabolic disease on the patient and family and the potential for future therapeutic developments. Where transplantation is undertaken for a liver based defect there is a lifelong complete correction of the defect. Where there is a residual extrahepatic defect this will have an impact on the outcome of liver transplantation and the severity of this defect must be considered as part of the transplant assessment process. Access to a multi‐disciplinary team with expertise in metabolic disease, liver disease and other relevant organ based specialists is crucial. Most children will receive transplantation from cadaveric donor but living related transplantation from a heterozygote parent is usually safe and effective. Auxiliary liver transplantation has a small but useful role where partial correction of the defect is helpful and there is a future prospect of gene therapy. The first‐generation of hepatocyte transplants have shown proof of principle but to date have had a rather modest and temporary metabolic effect. Stem cells may have the potential to produce a more sustained and significant metabolic correction, but must be shown to be effective in controlled trials.
Vascularized Bone Grafts for the Treatment of Carpal Bone Pathology
Authors: Derby Brian M. , Murray Peter M. , Shin Alexander Y. , Bueno Reuben A. , Mathoulin Christophe L. , Ade Tim , Neumeister Michael W.
Published: January 2013

Primary bone healing fails to occur in 5–15 % of scaphoid bones that undergo fracture fixation. Untreated, occult fractures result in nonunion up to 12 % of the time. Conventional bone grafting is the accepted management in the treatment algorithm of scaphoid nonunion if the proximal pole is vascularized. Osteonecrosis of the proximal scaphoid pole intuitively suggests a need for transfer of the vascularized bone to the nonunion site. Scaphoid nonunion treatment aims to prevent biological and mechanical subsidence of the involved bone, destabilization of the carpus, and early degenerative changes associated with scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse. Pedicled distal radius and free vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) offer hand surgeons an alternative treatment option in the management of carpal bone nonunion. VBGs are also indicated in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the scaphoid (Preiser's disease), lunate (Kienböck's disease), and capitate. Relative contraindications to pedicled dorsal radius vascularized bone grafting include humpback deformity, carpal instability, or collapse. The free medial femoral condyle bone graft has offered a novel treatment option for the humpback deformity to restore geometry of the carpus, otherwise not provided by pedicled grafts. In general, VBGs are contraindicated in the setting of a carpal bone without an intact cartilaginous shell, in advanced carpal collapse with degenerative changes, and in attempts to salvage small or collapsed bone fragments. Wrist salvage procedures are generally accepted as the more definitive treatment option under such circumstances. This manuscript offers a current review of the techniques and outcomes of VBGs to the carpal bones.
Extracellular methemoglobin primes red blood cell aggregation in malaria: An in vitro mechanistic study
Authors: Balaji S.N. , Trivedi Vishal
Published: January 2013

Toxic byproducts from infected RBC cause rheological alteration and RBC aggregation. Malaria culture supernatant has the ability to exhibit RBC aggregation. Ammonium sulfate fractionation and immunodepletion of methemoglobin from culture supernatant confirms methemoglobin as a major aggregant. In vitro treatment of RBC with methemoglobin induces irreversible high order RBC aggregates, resistant to shear stress and physical forces. Methemoglobin‐mediated ROS generation in the external micro‐environment to develop oxidative stress close to RBC membrane seems to be responsible for initiating and forming high order RBC aggregates through phosphatidyl‐serine externalization. Removal of oxidative stress through antioxidant treatment abolishes high order RBC aggregate formation. In conclusion, we discovered a novel pathway of methemoglobin‐mediated RBC aggregation and its potential role in patho‐physiological effects during malaria.
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 4 promotes TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis by deubiquitination of RIP1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hou Xiaozhi , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Lei , Pan Xinliang , Zhao Wei
Published: January 2013

RIP1

physically interacts
with
USP4
by
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
(
View interaction
)
Finding Donors by Relationship Fundraising
Authors: Moon Sangkil , Azizi Kathryn
Published: January 2013

Our research utilizes revenue–business-based relationships and data to expand the donor bases of non-profit organizations. Fundraisers desire to predict who will donate and how much to allocate their marketing resources effectively. To answer both questions, we develop the Spatial Tobit Type 2 (ST2) model that integrates the auto-Logistic (AL) and auto-Gaussian (AG) models into the Tobit type 2 framework. The AL component is used to predict who is likely to donate by inferring inter-client similarities based on the clients’ transaction information from the revenue businesses. Similarly, the AG component is used to predict how much based on a similar measure of inter-client similarities. The Tobit type 2 framework combines both components into the single framework of ST2. Our empirical application linking a veterinary school's medical treatment records to its donation records demonstrates that clients’ relationships built through their medical treatments at the school hospital positively contribute to their donation decisions.
Which Client Characteristics Contribute to Good and Poor Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment Outcome for Social Anxiety Disorder? A Survey of Clinicians
Authors: Frei Jacqueline , Peters Lorna
Published: January 2013

The aim of the study was to survey a group of clinicians who identify themselves as experienced in treating social anxiety disorder using cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) with regard to the characteristics of clients which they think, based on their experience, are predictive of poor or good CBT outcome. Fifty-four practising clinicians responded to an email inviting participation in a research study of clinicians’ opinions about client characteristics that may be important in CBT outcome for social anxiety. Participants completed open-ended questions about, and made ratings of the importance of, client characteristics that they believed impact upon the outcome of CBT for social anxiety disorder. Motivation for seeking treatment, comorbidity, and intellect or reasoning ability were nominated most frequently by clinicians as having an effect on CBT outcome. Acceptance of the CBT rationale/model, ability to take responsibility for change, motivation/reason for seeking treatment, and ability to develop an alliance were all rated by participants as being important in contributing to CBT outcome. The results provide direction for future empirical research on client characteristics as predictors of CBT outcome.
Does Starting With the Behavioural Component of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Increase Patients’ Retention in Therapy?
Authors: Ahmed Nusrat Yasmeen , Lawn Sharon
Published: January 2013

This study examined whether starting with the behavioural component of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) decreases the drop-out rate in outpatients with comorbid anxiety and depression. Retrospective data were collected on 60 patients with anxiety and depression. Mean values of different psychosocial assessment scales during screening, mid-session and discharge session were compared between the patients receiving and not receiving any type of behavioural interventions and among the patients receiving different types of behavioural interventions. A significant relationship was found (p < .05) between behavioural interventions and retention in therapy. Patients who did not receive any sort of behavioural intervention showed a greater rate of drop-out than those who received behavioural interventions. In the group of patients receiving different types of behavioural interventions, there was significant improvement in mental health scores between the screening and discharge sessions in those who received exposure therapy. The study findings will be helpful to retain patients with comorbid anxiety and depression in an outpatient therapy setting. If patient retention is increased, CBT can be more effectively delivered and thereby achieve better health outcomes for patients, more effective use of therapy service resources, and decrease the socioeconomic burden of anxiety and depression on the community.
Shear instability as a resonance between neutral waves hidden in a shear flow
Authors: Iga Keita
Published: January 2013

A concept which explains unstable modes by resonance between two neutral waves is applied to instability in shear flows with non-uniform potential vorticity distribution. In basic flows where shear instability occurs, a pair of neutral waves which should resonate to form an unstable mode does not exist mathematically unless the basic potential vorticity is uniform, owing to the shear of the basic flow. However, if a small window region is made where the potential vorticity of the basic flow is uniform, regular neutral modes can exist. The neutral wave located at the centre of this window region, which corresponds to a mode where the jump in its first derivative at one end of the window region cancels that at the other end, can be considered to be the hidden neutral wave. It is equivalent to a continuous mode which does not have a jump in its first derivative at the critical point even though it can have a singularity of $(y\ensuremath{-} {y}_{c} )\log \vert y\ensuremath{-} {y}_{c} \vert $, in the limit of an infinitely small window region. Thus, a method for retrieving neutral waves hidden in the shear of the basic flow is proposed here. By sweeping the basic flow range with this uniform potential vorticity window, all the features of the hidden neutral wave appear. By applying this method, shear instability in a flow with a tanh-shaped basic velocity profile is well explained via the resonance between neutral waves.
Variation in actual relationship among descendants of inbred individuals
Authors: HILL W. G. , WEIR B. S.
Published: January 2013

In previous analyses, the variation in actual, or realized, relationship has been derived as a function of map length of chromosomes and type of relationship, the variation being greater the shorter the total chromosome length and the coefficient of variation being greater the more distant the relationship. Here, the results are extended to allow for the relatives’ ancestor being inbred. Inbreeding of a parent reduces variation in actual relationship among its offspring, by an amount that depends on the inbreeding level and the type of mating that led to that level. For descendants of full-sibs, the variation is reduced in later generations, but for descendants of half-sibs, it is increased.
The Strikes of the Tyneside Keelmen in 1809 and 1819
Authors: Rowe D. J.
Published: January 2013

The keelmen, who transferred coal in keels or barges from the river banks to the waiting colliers at the ports of the north-eastern coalfield, had a history of industrial unrest during the eighteenth century, particularly on Tyneside. So early as 1671 there is an entry in Gateshead parish books which reads: “Paide for powder and match when the keelemen mutinyed 2s.”, and five strikes occurred between 1738 and 1771. As a relatively powerful economic group, which, in the absence of any other method of transporting the coal from the inland pits to the colliers bound chiefly for London, could almost put a stop to the coal trade, the keelmen were often successful in obtaining consent to their demands, especially in the field of wages, where they were well-paid as compared with other labouring groups. In spite of this they had a continuing grievance, with regard to the overloading of the keels, which it was difficult to satisfy, even although an Act of Parliament, passed in 1787, to establish a permanent fund for the support of sick and aged keelmen, had contained the following:

“…. in order that the keels used on the River Tyne may be fairly and justly loaded, after the due and accustomed rate of eight chaldrons to each keel, be it enacted …. that no person or persons shall …. be capable of acting as an offputter or offputters at any coal staith upon the said river, until he or they respectively shall have taken and subscribed an oath ….”
The Election of Hugo Haase to the Co-chairmanship of the SPD and the Crisis of Pre-war German Social Democracy
Authors: Calkins Kenneth R.
Published: January 2013

The election of Hugo Haase to the Co-Chairmanship of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1911 was an event of immense importance for the future of German Social Democracy. It was Haase who served as the principal spokesman of the opposition to the cooperationist policies of the majority during World War I. It was he who led that opposition out of the SPD in 1917. After the war, as co-chairman both of the revolutionary government and of the Independent Social Democratic Party, he helped to insure that the German movement would remain permanently divided.
Canterbury as the New Rome: Dispensations and Henry VIII's Reformation
Authors: CLARKE PETER D.
Published: January 2013

An important way in which the late medieval papacy exercised its authority over the English Church was by granting dispensations, special graces that allowed exceptions to canon law in certain instances, notably permitting marriages between close kin. In 1533 the Dispensations Act forbade Henry VIII's subjects to petition the papacy for favours. But dispensations did not disappear after the break with Rome. The archbishop of Canterbury's Faculty Office continued to issue almost all those previously available from Rome. This article explores the transition to this new office, noting how Cardinal Wolsey's legatine activity in the 1520s prepared the way.
Palladius and the Johannite Schism
Authors: VAN NUFFELEN PETER
Published: January 2013

The ‘Dialogue on the life of John Chrysostom’, published by Palladius of Helenopolis c. 408–9, is a key source for the history of the Church at the beginning of the fifth century. This paper argues that the history of the Johannite schism provides the background against which to understand the scope and nature of this work. It questions the received chronology of Palladius’ later life and shows that he is not so much a hard-core supporter of John who refused all contact with the official Church, as someone who could envisage the followers of John accepting an offer of amnesty in 408/409 and reintegrating into the Church. The dialogue is a strategic work that accepts that after the death of John (407) the Johannites can only bank on the support of Rome to improve their situation. As a consequence its trustworthiness cannot be accepted at face value.