bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PKM Pelatihan Implementasi Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di SMK
Authors: Wirawan Setialaksana  , Ambo Dalle  , Nurlaela  , Ashar Pramono  , Rusli Ismail
Published: December 2023

Artikel ini membahas program pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang bertujuan memperkuat profil Pancasila di kalangan pelajar Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Indonesia. Program ini didesain untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang nilai-nilai Pancasila, serta mendorong implementasi praktis nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari siswa. Strategi pendekatan melibatkan Forum Group Discussion (FGD) dan bimbingan langsung kepada guru dan siswa. Kegiatan pelatihan mencakup pemahaman mendalam, workshop interaktif, studi kasus, simulasi, dan pembuatan proyek bersama. Langkah-langkah tindak lanjut termasuk pembentukan kelompok monitor, integrasi nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam kurikulum, pengembangan program lanjutan, kolaborasi dengan orang tua dan komunitas, keterlibatan guru dan staf sekolah, serta evaluasi berkala. Hasil program menunjukkan perubahan positif dalam perilaku siswa dan hubungan baik antara siswa dan guru. Program ini juga memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan hubungan sekolah-dunia industri. Artikel ini memberikan panduan bagi pengembangan program serupa di lembaga pendidikan vokasi. Evaluasi dan umpan balik berkala diimplementasikan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan dan perluasan dampak program ini dalam membentuk karakter siswa berdasarkan nilai-nilai Pancasila
La espondilitis anquilosante tiene una presdisponibilidad para el desarrollo de sarcopenia en extremidades superiores
Authors: Brito Ojeda Carlos Arturo , Torres Suárez Luis Andrés , Zúñiga Vera Andrés Eduardo
Published: December 2023

Introducción: La sarcopenia está asociada a enfermedades crónicas y en enfermedades reumáticas existen pocos informes de su incidencia. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre la actividad física y la sarcopenia en pacientes reumatológicos con espondilitis anquilosante en comparación con un grupo control.
Métodos: el presente estudio de casos (CA) de pacientes reumatológicos y controles (CO), fue realizado en el centro médico IHRED-Guayaquil. Las variables recogidas fueron: Edad, sexo, presencia deenfermedad reumática, porcentaje de masa muscular, promedio de dinamometría de prensión manual, puntaje SARC-F e IPAQ.
Resultados: Fueron 70  casos con espondilitis anquilosante y 60 controles. En el grupo de CA la edad fue de 46.1 ± 15 años, en los CO 59.4 ± 9.5 años. En los CA 84.3 % mujeres y en grupo CO 81.7 %. Se evidenciaron cambios significativos en composición corporal comparados con el grupo control. Hubo asociación entre el porcentaje de masa muscular y la escala BASDAI. Hubo menor  fuerza de agarre en el grupo de casos 20.5 ± 8.8 Kg, versus 24.2 ± 9.3 Kg (P=0.0005) y menor actividad IPAQ 1.33 ± 0.6 en CA versus. 2.15 ± 0.51 (P=0.0005).
Conclusiones: se evidenció una correlación significativa entre el grado de actividad física y la incidencia de sarcopenia en el grupo casos en comparación con el grupo control, así como la disminución significativa de fuerza en miembros superiores.
Analysis Of Aceh Province Kur Bsi Financing On Increasing Income Of Small Medium Enterprise Customers
Authors: Indah Kesuma  , Annisa Ilmi Faried  , Dewi Maharani Rangkuti
Published: December 2023

This research aims to determine and analyze the factors of people's business credit (KUR), business development, workforce, productivity, distribution, business location, selling price, length of business relevant to increasing the income of MSME customers in Aceh Province. The factors studied are people's business credit (KUR), business development, workforce, productivity, distribution, business location, selling price, length of business relevant to increasing the income of MSME customers in Aceh Province and these relevant factors have a positive and significant effect on MSME customer income. With a sample size of 253 respondents, the data was collected by distributing questionnaires and processing the data using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis methods. This research is motivated by the development of the potential of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia which cannot be separated from banking support in channeling financing to MSME entrepreneurs. To reduce the problems faced by MSMEs, the government is trying to issue a People's Business Credit (KUR) program. Based on the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) test in the KMO and Bartlett's test tables, it shows that selling price, productivity, distribution and length of business have a significant effect on the income of MSME customers in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh. And the results of multiple linear regression testing show that the results of partial hypothesis testing show that selling price, productivity, distribution and length of business have a significant effect on the income of MSME customers in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh.
Slovenský mediálny priemysel
Authors: Francistyová Bianka
Published: December 2023

Recenze knihy VIŠŇOVSKÝ, J., J. MINÁRIKOVÁ a M. KAPEC (2022). Slovenský mediálny priemysel. Praha: Wolter Kluwers. ISBN 978-80-7676-596-2.
EXPLORING THE PHILOSOPHY OF SALAM, MURABAHAH, AND ISTISHNA AGREEMENTS IN SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW: PRODUCER PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Asmawi Zaimmudin
Published: December 2023

This research investigates the basic ideas behind Salam, Murabahah, and Istishna contracts in Islamic economic law, as well as how they can be used to protect producers and promote economic expansion. The research reveals that Salam, Murabahah, and Istishna contracts can protect producers through prepayment mechanisms, transparency of costs and profits, and flexibility in fulfilling customer wishes. This research was conducted through an analysis of existing literature. This protection can impact economic development by assisting producers in increasing their output, encouraging innovation, and improving overall efficiency. The findings of this study significantly affect the application of Islamic economic theory and public policy, and they call for further investigation into how Salam, Murabahah, and Istishna contracts can be utilized in real-world situations.
THE PHENOMENON OF GHOSTING IN THE FAMILY AND THE CONCEPT OF MAFQUD IN ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Nashrullah Faiz , Nuruddien Muhammad
Published: December 2023

In recent years, a new phenomenon has emerged in society that is interesting to study, namely Ghosting. This phenomenon means the sudden disappearance of someone who is in a relationship with someone else without any previous reason or explanation. This practice is considered normal by society because it is generally carried out by young couples whose bond is limited to mutual liking and love. However, problems will arise if ghosting is carried out by couples who are already bound by a marriage contract, because it will have a more complex impact on the family. Islamic law has made provisions regarding missing persons in the concept of mafqud, although it cannot be completely equated with the phenomenon of ghosting. The type of research in this article is normative research combined with a conceptual and comparative approach. The results of this research reveal that Ghosting in the family has several similarities with couples who are mafqud or declared missing in discussions of Islamic marriage law, namely that they are both considered missing and have left the family. However, the motives and intentions of ghosting perpetrators are different from those of people who are considered mafqud in Islamic law, so the legal implications that arise between ghosting perpetrators and people who are mafqud cannot simply be equated, a more in-depth analysis is needed in studying about ghosting and mafqud
Impact of International Trade and Globalization on Financial Markets: A Case of Pakistan
Authors: Kiani Memoona Manzoor , Raisani Shain Taj , Nabeel Muhammad , Khan Shahan Zeb , Lodhi Kashif
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the intricate relationship between international trade, globalization, and Pakistan's financial markets through quantitative analysis. Using regression, correlation, time-series, and comparative methodologies, data from 2018 to 2022 was analyzed. Findings indicate a direct correlation between higher trade volumes and improved stock market performance, while a rising globalization index aligns with increased capital inflows. Exchange rate fluctuations reflect the currency's sensitivity to global economic shifts. Comparative analysis with regional counterparts highlights both aligned and divergent financial market trends. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis emphasizes the potential impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on stock market indices. These insights underscore the importance of trade policies, global integration, and FDI in shaping Pakistan's financial market dynamics within the evolving global economic landscape.
Assessing the Economic Implications of Climate Change on Agriculture in Punjab in Pakistan: Farmers Perception and Satisfaction
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Wasim Muhammad , Yawar Rao Bahkat
Published: December 2023

Climate factors are pivotal for agriculture productivity and unremittingly climatic change are really harmful for agriculture productivity. Farm level adaptation measures preforms effective role to cope up with climate challenges. This research aims to focus on the farmers’ perception and awareness about climate changes and their vulnerable impacts on agriculture productivity. Additionally, this research also explore the farmer’s satisfaction on adaptation strategies to handle the climate change in Punjab, Pakistan. The 360 respondents were selected to get the questionnaire based data from the farmers located in Punjab province. The survey is conduct through multi-stage, random, and convenient sampling procedure for face to face interviews. For empirical analysis, this research was applied frequency analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) through factor analysis to account the farmers’ perception about climate change and satisfaction on adaptive measures. The results show that younger farmers have more knowledge about climate change and adaptation measures. The empirical results indicates that climate change increases the vulnerability of farmers and reducing the per hectare yield over the time. Variation in temperature, pattern of precipitation, mutable sowing and harvesting time creates alarming situation for agriculture productivity in Punjab, Pakistan. Most of the farmers are not happy with and demanding heat resistant and drought resistant seed varieties. Agriculture extension services are fails to increase the farmer’s perception and satisfaction about climate change. The results show that farmer are not satisfied with performance of climate resilient institutions of Punjab, government laws and regulation, public private partnership (PPP), the efforts of Research Institutions and NGOs, initiatives of international organizations, community level interventions and poor climate resilient funds. It is recommended that government, research institutions and climate resilient instructions should focus on to educate the farmers and predict new sowing and harvesting patterns, water technology, introduce the new climate zones and suitable crops for particular zone.
Impact of Entrepreneurial Skills on Business Success: A Mediating Role of Information Technology Competence
Authors: Rahoo Liaquat Ali , Arain Muhammad Waqas Nazir , Qazi Naira , Khan Muhammad Ali , Atta Fahad
Published: December 2023

Information technology capabilities and entrepreneurial talents have become more important in recent decades. Because day by day business growing with the help of technology. The purpose of this study is to look into how information technology capability and entrepreneur competencies affect the success of businesses. To evaluate the impact of entrepreneurial skills on business success mediating role of information technology capacity. The research was quantitative in method; a survey questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The population of the study was Hyderabad city business owners who had founded their enterprises in the recent past, the Hyderabad Chamber of Commerce. Convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. 500 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents; 320 questionnaires were returned. The study's conclusions demonstrated that entrepreneurial skills are positively correlated with business success, and that information technology, which served as a mediating factor, positively correlated with both entrepreneurial skills and business success. Policy makers and businesspeople will find value in the research's conclusions.
Impact of Social Media Tools on Knowledge Sharing among Students of Jamshoro Education City
Authors: Sahito Zahid Hussain , Rahoo Liaquat Ali , Jatoi Zeeshan Murtaza , Khan Muhammad Ali , Channar Muhammad Hanif
Published: December 2023

An effective and inclusive exchange of knowledge is an essential part of a successful and practice-oriented in higher educational institutions. This study examines the factors influencing knowledge sharing among Students of Jamshoro education city higher educational institutions of Sindh province in Pakistan. The study was cross sectional and quantitative in nature. The survey was conducted among Students of 3 public sector higher educational institutions in Jamshoro education city. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect data through questionnaire. The questionnaires consisting of two main parts were used to collect the data. The first part collected demographic data and the second section included questions about social networking factors. Questionnaire distributed and Google form was used for data collection which was emailed to 600 respondents, 470 were respondents and filled the questionnaire, and 450 were evaluable and useful for data analysis. Questionnaire was developed from literature. Smart-PLS 4.0 version was used for measurement model and structural model. Results show that Data sharing, information technology, apparent enjoyment, shared benefit, and Information technology positively influenced knowledge sharing among the students. However, the availability of technology did not affect knowledge sharing among Students. Findings suggest that universities should encourage students to share their knowledge by designing courses notes and exams that integrate data sharing and information technology to promote enjoyment and awareness of the mutual benefits of knowledge sharing.
TELEMEDICINE: DEVELOPMENT FACTORS AND BARRIERS
Authors: Jalalov M.R.
Published: December 2023

Telemedicine is widely used in many countries and has great potential for distribution. The aim of the study was to analyse the results of an article on the factors concomitant with the introduction of telemedicine, as well as barriers that slow down speed. Studying the regional features of road accidents, the terrain helps in choosing the location of centers for remote assistance. Linguistic problems, the negative attitude of some about innovative systems in medicine, and the lack of literature limit the rapid evolution of telemedicine among the population. The insufficiently high qualities of local Internet providers and the unadjusted legal aspects hinder the wider distribution of distance medical services.
DYSTROPHIN GEN MUTATIONS IN THE POPULATION OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Аghayeva S.А. , Mammadbayli А.K. , Rasulov E.М. , Mammadov A.M. , Badalova N.A. , Aliyeva S.E.
Published: December 2023

For the first time, a molecular genetic analysis of a dystrophin gene with a length of 2.6 million pairs of nucleotides was performed on a resident of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Two different mutations: deletion of 13 exons (from 8th to 20th exons) in one patient and deletion of 45th exon in the second one were identified by molecular genetical analysis for patients with Duchenne muscle dystrophy diagnosis from different ethnic groups, residing in Azerbaijan. Taking into account reproductive age of parents, the prenatal diagnosis of fetus is recommended for the following pregnancies.
DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY OF PSYCHOMOTOR SEIZURE
Authors: Aliyev N.A. , Aliyev Z.N. , Aliyeva S.E.
Published: December 2023

The main purpose of the article is to describe the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, psychomotor attacks. To this end, the article presents a phenomenological analysis of mental disorders observed in 83 patients with psychomotor seizure. Recommendations were made on their importance and treatment for psychiatry.
THE MAIN CLINICAL FEATURES AND TYPES OF SOMATIZED DEPRESSION
Authors: Aliyev N.A. , Gafarov T.A.
Published: December 2023

Objective. Somatic depression consisted of the development of appropriate practical recommendations, new treatment methods that consistently present the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of depression. Materials and research methods. The study was conducted at the Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health on 2015-2019 years, for 103 patients with somatic depression. The clinical and psychopathological method was mainly used to detect somatized depression. Results. Conclusion Masked depression is present in 72.8% of pains (sore throat) and various disorders in different parts of the body. In these cases, 53.4% suffer from discomfort and functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion. Daily change of state, worse in the evening and early morning, relief at noon; periodic, wave-like and spontaneous somatic and mental disorders; seasonality of somatic and mental disorders, most often in the autumn-spring period; ineffective somatic treatment and the positive effect of antidepressant therapy.
MODEL DAMPAK KAJIAN AGAMA DALAM KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN REMAJA YANG TERMARJINALKAN
Authors: Dian Hariani  , Nuruddin
Published: December 2023

Dalam masyarakat terdapat sebuah nilai-nilai dan norma-norma yang terbentuk akibat adanya proses interaksi sosial, pada kehidupan sehari-hari, dari analisis peneliti, bahwa kehidupan sosial masyarakatnya terbentuk karena adanya suatu kepentingan. Mayoritas masyarakat yang ada di sana beragama Islam. Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal perihal nilai keagamaan mereka sangat kental terhadap peribadahan yang mereka lakukan. Ketika ada pengajian umum, masyarakat yang ada di sana antusias untuk mengikuti pengajian tersebut. Dalam hal beribadah antusiasme mereka cukup tinggi khususnya bagi para orang-orang tua yang sudah lanjut usia (50 tahun ke atas), dan sebaya (35 tahun ke atas), tetapi ada suatu kecendrungan yang menjadi keresahan tokoh-tokoh masyarakat, dan tokoh agama yang ada di sana. Keresahan yang mereka alami ialah, ketika ada pengajian umum yang diadakan di Masjid, remaja yang ada di sana kurang berminat dalam mengikuti pengajian umum tersebut. Dan inilah yang menjadi permasalahan bagi kalangan remaja yang ada di sana, sehingga dampak yang ingin dicapai oleh peneliti adalah mereka berinisiatif dari lubuk hati mereka sendiri untuk mengikuti pengajian umum tersebut. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber primernya diambil dari data yang didapatkan dari hasil observasi lapangan, dokumentasi dan wawancara secara lansung dengan orang-orang yang bersangkutan. Ada beberapa informan yang akan digali informasinya, yakni 2 orang tokoh agama 2 orang tokoh masyarakat dan 3 remaja sehingga jumlah informan seluruhnya adalah 6 orang. Sumber sekundernya berasal dari kutipan buku, dokumen, arsip, dan catatan-lainnya. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan adalah dampak kajian agama dalam kehidupan sosial keagamaan remaja yang termarjinalkan dapat berdampak bagi remaja yang termarjinalkan, ketika dilihat dari bentuk kajian agama yang mereka lakukan. Kajian agama yang diadakan tersebut mampu membuat remaja yang termarjinalkan menjadi lebih baik dari yang sebelumnya pengetahuan mereka kurang dalam ilmu agama, dan menjadikan pengetahuan mereka dalam hal ilmu agama menjadi baik. Sehingga dampak yang diinginkan oleh tokoh masyarakat, dan tokoh agama dalam hal kajian agama pada kehidupan sosial keagamaan remaja yang termajinalkan tercapai dan terlaksana dengan baik.

Kata Kunci: model, dampak, agama, kehidupan sosial
Post Operative Surgical Site Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Batool Misdaq , Asad M. Tauseef , Ahmad Ijaz , Irshad Usman , Mohsin Hafiz M. , Muazma Muqaddas , M. Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are a critical concern in postoperative care, significantly affecting patient outcomes and healthcare resources globally. These infections arise from the proliferation of microorganisms at the site of surgical intervention and are classified into early-onset (within 30 days of surgery) and late-onset (occurring more than 30 days post-surgery).
Objective: This review aims to comprehensively analyze the prevalence, risk factors, and broader impact of SSIs, with an emphasis on the disparity between high-income and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. The focus was on studies that detailed the incidence, risk factors, and prevention strategies of SSIs.
Results: The review highlights a notably higher incidence of SSIs in LMICs compared to high-income countries. SSIs are a predominant cause of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and are more frequently observed in emergency surgeries than elective procedures. Prominent risk factors identified include patient's age, type of surgery, specific microbial agents, blood transfusions, and comorbid conditions. Diabetes mellitus, reduced postoperative hematocrit levels, significant weight loss within six months prior to surgery, and ascites are strongly associated with an increased risk of SSI. In contrast, tobacco use, steroid use, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were not found to be significant predictors. The role of surgical departments in reducing SSI occurrence through stringent antimicrobial protocols and thorough preoperative evaluations is also highlighted.
Conclusion: SSIs present a significant challenge in global health, particularly in LMICs. Effective management of SSIs necessitates a multifaceted approach, incorporating improved infection control practices, individualized patient risk assessments, and international initiatives to reduce disparities. This review calls for increased awareness and targeted strategies to minimize the prevalence and impact of SSIs.
Level Of Patient’s Satisfaction with Physical Therapy Services in Public and Private Hospitals
Authors: Nimra Ali  , Shiza Zaidi  , Ammara Tariq  , Shahzeb  , Muhammad Ali  , Syeda Amna Iqbal  , Abdul hanan  , Noor ul huda
Published: December 2023

Background: Physical therapy, a non-pharmacological intervention, plays a crucial role in aiding patients to improve disabilities and enhance their daily functional activities. Evaluating patient satisfaction is pivotal in understanding the efficacy of interaction and knowledge transfer between healthcare providers, particularly physical therapists, and their patients.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of patient satisfaction with physical therapy services in public and private hospital settings in Gujrat, Pakistan.
Methods: The study included 340 participants, selected through a non-probability convenience sampling technique from hospitals in Gujrat. The study encompassed patients from all conditions within the domain of physical therapy, who had attended at least one session of treatment. Exclusion criteria were set for patients with mental retardation, Parkinson’s disease, and cognitive disabilities. A 12-item MedRisk questionnaire was employed to evaluate patient satisfaction levels with physical therapy services.
Results: The participant group comprised 141 males (41.5%) and 199 females (58.5%), with a mean age of 42.10 years (SD=15.80). Regarding the hospital setting, 177 participants received therapy in public hospitals, while 163 were treated in private hospitals. Satisfaction levels varied, with 9 participants (2.6%) reporting strong dissatisfaction, 159 (46.8%) expressing moderate satisfaction, and 172 (50.6%) indicating strong satisfaction. Specifically, in public hospitals, 9 participants were strongly dissatisfied, 113 moderately satisfied, and 55 strongly satisfied. In contrast, in private hospitals, no participants were strongly dissatisfied, 46 were moderately satisfied, and 117 were strongly satisfied. The statistical significance was marked with a p-value of 0.000.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a higher level of satisfaction with physical therapy services in private hospitals compared to public hospitals in Gujrat. This finding underscores the need for continual improvement and evaluation of patient care standards in different healthcare settings.
Urdu Translation and Adaptation of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire: A Reliability and Validity Study
Authors: Khalid Iqra , Sana Ashraf Hafiza , Saleem Masooma , Muhammad Atta , Fayyaz Rabbia , Nawaz Umber
Published: December 2023

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common neuropathic disorder, and its assessment often relies on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). However, there is a lack of a validated Urdu version of this tool for use in Pakistan.
Objective: To translate and adapt the BCTQ into Urdu and to validate this version among native Urdu-speaking patients diagnosed with CTS.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the University of Lahore over six months. The study involved 142 native Urdu-speaking CTS patients. The translation followed Beaton's guidelines and included forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, expert committee review, pre-testing, and cognitive debriefing. The translated questionnaire's reliability and validity were assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and correlation analyses. Floor and ceiling effects were also examined.
Results: The Urdu BCTQ demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85 for SSS and 0.87 for FSS) and good test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.75 for SSS and 0.78 for FSS). Construct validity was confirmed with substantial correlations with established measures (0.65 for SSS and 0.70 for FSS), and the questionnaire showed responsiveness to treatment effects (statistical significance at 0.05). Demographic analysis indicated a balanced representation of participants, and minimal floor and ceiling effects were observed.
Conclusion: The Urdu version of the BCTQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing CTS in Urdu-speaking patients. Its high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and proven construct validity make it an effective instrument for clinical and research settings in Pakistan.
Comparative Effects of Core Stability Exercises and Retro-walk on Balance and Coordination in Down Syndrome
Authors: Ur Rehman Cheema Rameel , Hafeez Tahir , Mannan Abdul , Sarfaraz Maira , Rehan Amjad Muhammad , Azhar Mishal
Published: December 2023

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often face motor deficits impacting balance and coordination. While core stability exercises are a recognized form of intervention, the potential benefits of Retro walking require further exploration.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of core stability exercises and Retro walking on balance and coordination in individuals with DS.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 24 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of DS, aged 8-14 years, and with mild to moderate mental retardation. They were allocated into two groups: Group A, receiving core stability exercises, and Group B, undergoing Retro walking, both over an 8-week period. Inclusion criteria were the ability to stand and walk with a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) score of at least 14/56. Exclusion criteria encompassed any orthopedic, cardiac, or uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions. Assessments were conducted using the PBS and Foot Tapping Test, pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, employing paired and independent t-tests.
Results: Post-intervention, Group A exhibited an increase in PBS scores from 15.83±2.406 to 32.17±2.209 (p < .001), and Group B from 15.08±2.999 to 31.25±1.913 (p < .001). Foot Tapping Test scores for the right side improved from 9.92±1.311 to 20.17±2.082 in Group A (p < .002), and from 9.67±1.614 to 18.08±2.610 in Group B (p < .003).
Conclusion: Both core stability exercises and Retro walking significantly improved balance and coordination in children with DS. These modalities should be considered valuable additions to the therapeutic interventions for this population.
Comparison Effects of Postural Drainage and Positive Expiratory Pressure Technique in Community Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Afzal Sidra , Amjad Noor , Batool Misdaq , Kausar Rabbyya , Fatima Nimra
Published: December 2023

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major health concern worldwide, leading to substantial hospitalization and morbidity. Physiotherapy interventions like postural drainage and positive expiratory pressure (PEP) are commonly used in managing CAP, but their relative effectiveness in improving respiratory parameters is not fully understood.
Objective: The study aimed to compare the effects of postural drainage and PEP techniques on respiratory parameters, specifically pH values and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension, in patients with CAP.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 46 patients with mild to moderate CAP were divided into two groups: postural drainage (n=23) and PEP technique (n=23). Data collection occurred pre- and post-intervention in each session, with analysis conducted using SPSS version 23. The Shapiro-Wilk test determined data normality, leading to the use of the Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data.
Results: Improvements in oxygen saturation were observed in both groups. However, other arterial blood gas parameters, including pH and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension, showed no significant changes post-intervention. Specifically, pH values for the postural drainage group had mean ranks of 21.13, 22.04, 24.74, and 20.70 across sessions, while the PEP technique group showed mean ranks of 25.87, 24.96, 22.26, and 26.30, with p-values ranging from 0.152 to 0.525. Similarly, alveolar-arterial oxygen tension comparisons yielded p-values between 0.056 and 0.231.
Conclusion: Both postural drainage and PEP techniques effectively improved oxygen saturation in CAP patients, but they did not significantly impact other respiratory parameters. This suggests their utility in specific areas of respiratory management in CAP, with limitations in broader pulmonary function improvement.
Using the history of science as a tool for teaching: Strengths and Weaknesses of Pre-service Biology Teachers
Authors: BAKANAY Çiçek Dilek
Published: December 2023

The history of science (HOS) is considered as a potential resource and a meaningful device for not only learning the content and also developing the understanding about nature of science. The purpose of this study is to observe experiences of pre-service teachers during their teaching practices based on HOS in order to understand their positions in instruction. A qualitative methodology was utilized with participation of 15 pre-service biology teachers who enrolled in a using HOS in biology teaching course. At the end of the semester, pre-service teachers were asked to prepare a lesson plan and enact a lesson based on HOS covering the subject that they selected before. Data were collected through lesson plans and reflective journals. Inductive code generation and collective comparison were employed for the analysis. Analysis was presented under three themes as before, during and after the teaching practices and revealed preservice teachers' purposes, concerns, strengths, weaknesses, and decisions during the whole process. The results of the research revealed that while pre-service teachers stated that HOS was easy to use for humanization, they had difficulty in making a connection between HOS and content knowledge. These findings can help design teacher education programs with courses of the HOS, which focuses on pedagogical aspect as well as conceptual aspect.
PAARI: Police helping, not arresting, drug users and their families
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2023

Last week's annual summit of PAARI (Police Assisted Addiction & Recovery Initiative) featured police chiefs, judges and others talking about how the organization, now eight years old and with more than 651 police department members in 40 states, is helping drug users. Co‐founder and CEO John Rosenthal opened that meeting, hosted by the Boston University School of Public Health, by noting that PAARI departments have now placed more than 30,000 people into treatment “through non‐arrest pathways.” Many drug users do find treatment through the coercive pathway of “go to treatment or [go to] jail,” which is not effective. Furthermore, it just deters people from asking for help. “You can't arrest yourself out of a public health crisis,” said Rosenthal.
Effect of Cerium Addition on the Microstructure and Shape Memory Properties of Austenitic Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni Alloys
Authors: Silva Rodrigo da , Baroni Luis Felipe Sverzut , Martins Junior Claudio Bessera , Camilo Magalhães Danielle Cristina , Vacchi Guilherme Santos , Kliauga Andrea Madeira , Lima Nelson Batista , Otubo Jorge , Della Rovere Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2023

The addition of rare earth elements, such as cerium, to austenitic Fe–Mn–Si‐based shape memory alloys has been shown to improve both corrosion resistance and shape recovery. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of Ce on shape recovery are still unclear. This study investigates the influence of the addition of small amounts of Ce (0.18, 0.42, and 0.96 wt%) on the microstructure and shape recovery of an austenitic Fe–13.50Mn–3.98Si–9.54Cr–4.51Ni alloy. Ce additions induce the formation of a large number of Ce‐rich particles, which act as austenitic grain refiners. Both grain refinement and the formation of Ce‐rich particles contribute to the strengthening of the matrix at 0.42 wt% Ce addition. In addition, Ce additions alter the MS temperature, which increases with Ce additions. Total shape recovery improves with 0.18 and 0.42 wt% Ce additions, but decreases with 0.96 wt% Ce addition. The beneficial effect of Ce addition in improving the shape recovery of the austenitic Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni alloy is related to the enhancement of the elastic shape recovery component of the total shape recovery. However, the shape memory recovery due to the shape memory effect always decreases with the increase of the Ce content.
Local Single Co Sites at the Second Shell of Fe‐N4 Active Sites to Boost Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yi Xiaoyu , Yang Huijuan , Yang Xiaoxuan , Li Xiaokang , Yan Cheng , Zhang Jianhua , Chen Lina , Dong Jinjuan , Qin Jian , Zhang Gaini , Wang Jingjing , Li Wenbin , Zhou Zhiyou , Wu Gang , Li Xifei
Published: December 2023

Fe single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are a promising catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in both Zn–air batteries (ZABs) but have a certain distance to compete with Pt‐based catalysts. Rational modulation of the coordination environment in the second coordination shell of SACs offers an opportunity to improve the intrinsic ORR activity, yet a challenge. Here, a novel strategy is reported to construct a dual‐metal catalyst by introducing a single Co atom in the second coordination shell of the Fe center. The dual‐metal N3─Fe─N─Co site with a certain Fe─Co distance of 0.312 nm is constructed. It allows for manipulation of the positive shift of the Fe center charge state, driving the d‐band center up‐shift by 0.63 eV, thereby offering the optimal adsorption of intermediates. Benefiting from this structure, the as‐prepared Fe(Co2nd)‐NC enables an excellent ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.948 V in 0.1 M KOH. As a cathode in ZABs, it delivered an outstanding peak power density of 218 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 915 mAh gZn−1 at 5 mA cm−2, respectively, with superior long‐term durability over 680 h. The second shell layer alignment regulation strategy shows great potential for energy storage applications.
Resistive Switching Effect in Ag‐poly(ethylene Glycol) Nanofluids: Novel Avenue Toward Neuromorphic Materials
Authors: Nikitin Daniil , Biliak Kateryna , Pleskunov Pavel , Ali‐Ogly Suren , Červenková Veronika , Carstens Niko , Adejube Blessing , Strunskus Thomas , Černochová Zulfiya , Štěpánek Petr , Bajtošová Lucia , Cieslar Miroslav , Protsak Mariia , Tosca Marco , Lemke Jonathan , Faupel Franz , Biederman Hynek , Vahl Alexander , Choukourov Andrei
Published: December 2023

Conventional computation techniques face challenges of deviations in Moore's law and the high‐power consumption of data‐centric computation tasks. Neuromorphic engineering attempts to overcome these issues by taking inspiration from neuron assemblies, ranging from distributed synaptic plasticity through orchestration of oscillator‐like action potential toward avalanche dynamics. Although solid networks of nanoparticles (NPs) are proven to replicate fingerprints of criticality and brain‐like dynamics, the aspect of dynamic spatial reconfigurations in the connectivity of networks remains unexplored. In this work, Ag/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanofluids are demonstrated as potential systems to mimic the spatio‐temporal reconfiguration of network connections. The nanofluids are prepared by directly loading Ag NPs from the gas aggregation cluster source into liquid PEG. The NPs exhibit a negative zeta potential in PEG; if the potential difference is applied between two electrodes submerged in this nanofluid, the NPs migrate toward the anode, accumulate in its vicinity, and form a conductive path. Spikes of electric current passing through the path are detected, accompanied by resistive switching phenomena, similar to the random switching dynamics in solid NPs networks. The unique behavior of Ag/PEG nanofluids makes them promising for the realization of spatio‐temporal reconfigurations in network topologies with the potential to transition to 3D.
Understanding and Utilizing Droplet Impact on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Phenomena, Mechanisms, Regulations, Applications, and Beyond
Authors: Hu Zhifeng , Chu Fuqiang , Shan He , Wu Xiaomin , Dong Zhichao , Wang Ruzhu
Published: December 2023

Droplet impact is a ubiquitous liquid behavior that closely tied to human life and production, making indispensable impacts on the big world. Nature‐inspired superhydrophobic surfaces provide a powerful platform for regulating droplet impact dynamics. The collision between classic phenomena of droplet impact and the advanced manufacture of superhydrophobic surfaces is lighting up the future. Accurately understanding, predicting, and tailoring droplet dynamic behaviors on superhydrophobic surfaces are progressive steps to integrate the droplet impact into versatile applications and further improve the efficiency. In this review, the progress on phenomena, mechanisms, regulations, and applications of droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces, bridging the gap between droplet impact, superhydrophobic surfaces, and engineering applications are comprehensively summarized. It is highlighted that droplet contact and rebound are two focal points, and their fundamentals and dynamic regulations on elaborately designed superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed in detail. For the first time, diverse applications are classified into four categories according to the requirements for droplet contact and rebound. The remaining challenges are also pointed out and future directions to trigger subsequent research on droplet impact from both scientific and applied perspectives are outlined. The review is expected to provide a general framework for understanding and utilizing droplet impact.
Flexible, Conductive Fabric‐Backed, Microneedle Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring
Authors: Singh Om Prakash , Bocchino Andrea , Guillerm Theo , Hu Yuan , Stam Frank , O'Mahony Conor
Published: December 2023

Microneedle‐based electrodes have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in high‐quality, long‐term electrophysiological monitoring. In this study, micromoulding technology is used to develop a flexible, conductive fabric microneedle (CF–MN) electrode by bonding a conductive textile to polymeric microneedle arrays. The resulting electrode conforms to the curved surfaces of the body, and the use of a conductive textile backing reduces metallization time and costs by 50% over double‐sided dry electrodes. The electrode‐skin impedance of the CF–MN electrodes is significantly lower than that of gel electrodes over a wide frequency range, and tests on healthy volunteers, both at rest and under a range of ambulatory conditions, showed that the electrodes are capable of acquiring electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography (EMG) signals that have a comparable kurtosis and signal‐to‐noise ratio to those recorded using conventional electrodes, but without the need for skin preparation or the use of a wet gel. The biomechanical properties of the electrode are also characterized. This is the first demonstration of CF–MN electrodes that can ultimately be integrated into clothing, which in turn can facilitate personalized cardiac health management by enabling continuous, long‐term ECG/EMG monitoring during daily activities.
High‐Performance Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors Enabled by Fabricating an Interdigital Heterojunction
Authors: Yu Xin , Lin Hui , He Zeyu , Yao Xicheng , Du Xiaoyang , Chen Zhenhua , Yang Gang , Zheng Caijun , Tao Silu
Published: December 2023

Near‐infrared organic photodetectors (NIR‐OPDs) are of significant applications in optical communication, medical monitoring, and bioimaging, and have become a centerpiece of organic photodetector (OPD) research. To overcome the well‐known challenge of high dark current in NIR‐OPDs, researchers have investigated and introduced the sequential deposition method to prepare photosensitive layers of gradient heterojunction structure. However, this photosensitive layer suffers from the issue of insufficient exciton diffusion length, which in turn limits the photoresponse performance of devices. To address this issue, an interdigital heterojunction (IHJ) structure is designed, forming the adjustable large‐area bicontinuous phase, and constructing rich donor/acceptor interfaces and straightforward carrier transport channels. In this structure, the film shows enhanced crystallinity, which effectively reduces the trap density and suppresses the dark current. In addition, efficient exciton dissociation and charge extraction along with suppressed charge complexation promote the enhanced photoresponse of IHJ devices. Consequently, the IHJ NIR‐OPD achieves a high detectivity of 7.35 × 1013 Jones at 805 nm at −0.2 V, which is one of the highest values at 800–900 nm among reported NIR‐OPDs. Further, the IHJ devices are successfully applied to arterial pulse monitoring and transmission‐based bioimaging. This study provides new insights for realizing high‐performance NIP‐OPDs.
Copper‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Sulfoxonium Ylides Using Hypervalent Iodine Compounds
Authors: Echemendía Radell , To Avery J. , Murphy Graham K. , Burtoloso Antonio C. B.
Published: December 2023

A Cu(I)‐catalyzed synthesis of α‐arylated sulfoxonium ylides has been achieved from mesitylene‐derived diaryliodonium salts and α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. The reaction is believed to proceed via an electrophilic Cu(III)‐aryl intermediate that can be trapped upon nucleophilic attack of the sulfoxonium ylide precursor. The reaction was tolerant to both α‐keto and α‐ester‐derived sulfoxonium ylides, to drug‐derived ylide motifs and to electronically‐diverse arenes, and enabled the direct synthesis of 32 α‐aryl‐sulfoxonium ylides in 42–85% yield.
Investigating the Impact of Interfacial Layers on Device Performance of Highly Stable Cs2InBiBr6Based Double Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Guolong , Elumalai Naveen Kumar , Mehdizadeh‐Rad Hooman , Ram Kiran Sreedhar , Setsoafia Daniel Dodzi Yao , Ompong David
Published: December 2023

Perovskite solar cells, a third‐generation photovoltaic technology, have recently emerged as a game‐changing innovation. However, lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal, and it is crucial to explore lead‐free perovskite solar cells with continuously improving efficiency for long‐term development. Recently, materials researchers have discovered a lead‐free double perovskite solar cell material, Cs2InBiBr6with a small direct bandgap of 1.27 eV and strong thermodynamic and mechanical structural stability. The power conversion efficiency of Cs2InBiBr6‐based perovskite solar cells is not reported yet. To investigate its potential, a solar cell capacitance simulator to analyze the solar cell structure of FTO (Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide)/ETL (Electron Transport Layer)/Cs2InBiBr6/HTL (Hole Transport Layer)/Au, selecting appropriate hole transport materials and electron transmission materials to achieve high efficiency is used. Moreover, this study explores the impact of several factors, including absorber layer thickness, acceptor and donor doping density, and the influence of total defect density of the perovskite and interface layers on the performance of solar cells. Advanced device characterization methods such as Mott‐Schottky analysis are performed to unravel the effect of interfaces on the device performance. The solar cell with the device structure FTO/TiO2/Cs2InBiBr6/Cu2O/Au achieves an outstanding PCE of 23.64% demonstrating the immense potential of Cs2InBiBr6as a lead‐free double perovskite solar cell absorber layer.
Toward Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable OLEDs: Inkjet Printing of TADF Emissive Layer
Authors: Cinquino Marco , Prontera Carmela Tania , Maggiore Antonio , Zizzari Alessandra , Pugliese Marco , Mariano Fabrizio , Valenzano Vitantonio , Palamà Ilaria Elena , Manfredi Riccardo , Gigli Giuseppe , Maiorano Vincenzo
Published: December 2023

The fabrication of optoelectronic devices using low‐cost inkjet printing techniques is a topic of great interest to the scientific and industrial community and represents a step toward the full deployment of solution‐processable organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly for commercial lighting and signaling applications. Herein, the inkjet printing of tBuCzDBA (9,10‐bis(4‐(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)−2,6‐dimethylphenyl)−9,10‐diboraanthracene) is reported, a high‐performing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter for OLEDs. Optimizing the surface tension values of the ink formulations and the associated wetting behavior are crucial parameters for achieving a uniform and homogeneous printed thin film. In particular, it is observed that using a proper mixture of solvents with different surface tensions, it is possible to generate Marangoni flows inside the drop, which triggers a very fast drying process, ensuring optimized morphological and optical properties in the inkjet printed tBuCzDBA‐based film. OLEDs exploiting this film as an emissive layer are then fabricated, achieving a maximum luminance of 32 000 cd m−2, a current efficiency of 27.5 cd A−1, and an external quantum efficiencyof 10%. To the best of the knowledge, this is the highest efficiency reported to date for self‐hosted TADF inkjet‐printed OLEDs.