bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnesium‐Encapsulated Injectable Hydrogel and 3D‐Engineered Polycaprolactone Conduit Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Yao Zhi , Yuan Weihao , Xu Jiankun , Tong Wenxue , Mi Jie , Ho Pak‐Cheong , Chow Dick Ho Kiu , Li Ye , Yao Hao , Li Xu , Xu Shunxiang , Guo Jiaxin , Zhu Qingtang , Bian Liming , Qin Ling
Published: June 2022

Peripheral nerve injury is a challenging orthopedic condition that can be treated by autograft transplantation, a gold standard treatment in the current clinical setting. Nevertheless, limited availability of autografts and potential morbidities in donors hampers its widespread application. Bioactive scaffold‐based tissue engineering is a promising strategy to promote nerve regeneration. Additionally, magnesium (Mg) ions enhance nerve regeneration; however, an effectively controlled delivery vehicle is necessary to optimize their in vivo therapeutic effects. Herein, a bisphosphonate‐based injectable hydrogel exhibiting sustained Mg2+ delivery for peripheral nerve regeneration is developed. It is observed that Mg2+ promoted neurite outgrowth in a concentration‐dependent manner by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and Sema5b. Moreover, implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) conduits filled with Mg2+‐releasing hydrogel in 10 mm nerve defects in rats significantly enhanced axon regeneration and remyelination at 12 weeks post‐operation compared to the controls (blank conduits or conduits filled with Mg2+‐absent hydrogel). Functional recovery analysis reveals enhanced reinnervation in the animals treated with the Mg2+‐releasing hydrogel compared to that in the control groups. In summary, the Mg2+‐releasing hydrogel combined with the 3D‐engineered PCL conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Thus, a new strategy to facilitate the repair of challenging peripheral nerve injuries is proposed.
Toward Strong Near‐Infrared Absorption/Emission from Carbon Dots in Aqueous Media through Solvothermal Fusion of Large Conjugated Perylene Derivatives with Post‐Surface Engineering
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Lei Josh Haipeng , Wang Gang , Zhang Zhiming , Wu Jun , Zhang Bohan , Zhang Huiqi , Liu Enshan , Wang Liming , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Xing Guichuan , Ouyang Defang , Deng Chu‐Xia , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan
Published: June 2022

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted significant interest as one of the most emerging photoluminescence (PL) nanomaterials. However, the realization of CDs with dominant near‐infrared (NIR) absorption/emission peaks in aqueous solution remains a great challenge. Herein, CDs with both main NIR absorption bands at 720 nm and NIR emission bands at 745 nm in an aqueous solution are fabricated for the first time by fusing large conjugated perylene derivatives under solvothermal treatment. With post‐surface engineering, the polyethyleneimine modified CDs (PEI‐CDs) exhibit enhanced PL quantum yields (PLQY) up to 8.3% and 18.8% in bovine serum albumin aqueous and DMF solutions, which is the highest PLQY of CDs in NIR region under NIR excitation. Density functional theory calculations support the strategy of fusing large conjugated perylene derivatives to achieve NIR emissions from CDs. Compared to the commercial NIR dye Indocyanine green, PEI‐CDs exhibit excellent photostability and much lower cost. Furthermore, the obtained PEI‐CDs illustrate the advantages of remarkable two‐photon NIR angiography and in vivo NIR fluorescence bioimaging. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of fusing large conjugated molecules for preparing CDs with strong NIR absorption/emission to promote their bioimaging applications.
How can we estimate optimum fertilizer rates with accuracy and precision?
Authors: Miguez Fernando E. , Poffenbarger Hanna
Published: June 2022

For decades, agronomists have invested time and resources to identify the optimum nitrogen (N) rates for cereal crops. The most common method for estimating the agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) is to design a field experiment with several N fertilizer rates and fit a regression model to the yield observations. Here, we concentrate on its accuracy and precision given choices of experimental design and statistical analysis. Our first finding is that the choice of functional form has a large agronomic effect on the estimate of the AONR, and this depends on the data‐generating model. Our second finding is that improving the precision and accuracy of AONR estimates will demand an increase in the number of N rates and replications. Finally, we propose that using either the best‐fitting model or a weighted model is preferable to always choosing either the linear‐plateau (negative bias) or quadratic‐plateau (positive bias) models.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation: Rational Design, Recent Advances, and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Wang Hou , Yu Hanbo , Yi Kaixin , Zhang Wei , Yuan Xingzhong , Huang Jinhui , Deng Yaocheng , Zeng Guangming
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen is widely believed to be a promising fuel to solve the global energy crisis and environmental issues. The catalytic system represented by metal‐supported catalysts is an important process of upgrading the hydrogen source in industry. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), which inherit the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, provide a broad prospect for low‐cost H2 production technology. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms in the rational design of SACs, including active sites, coordination configuration, mass loading, heteroatom‐doping, and metal−support interaction. The design strategies of single metal atoms on different supports are reviewed to give a proposal on how to immobilize the atomic active sites and modulate the geometric/electronic structures of SACs. Subsequently, the synergistic effect in SACs and the dynamic evolution of the atomically dispersed heterometal catalysts are introduced, aiming to provide further guidelines for H2 evolution SACs. H2 generation from the water−gas shift reaction and electro‐/photocatalytic water splitting are the main research directions at present. The latest progress of SACs employed in these applications is thoroughly reviewed. At the end of this review, personal perspectives on the prospects and challenges of H2 evolution SACs are put forward, hoping to promote the rapid development of SACs toward superior H2 evolution performance.
Effect of temperature on the growth performance, haematological properties and histomorphology of gill, intestine and liver tissues in juvenile butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus
Authors: Islam Md. Rashedul , Hossain Mohammad Amzad , Afrose Farjana , Roy Nirmal Chandra , Iqbal Mohammed Mahbub
Published: June 2022

A 90‐day long indoor aquarium trial was conducted to assess the consequence of temperature on the growth, blood chemistry and histology of gill, intestine and liver tissues of Ompok bimaculatus juveniles. Homogeneous juveniles were randomly stocked into four different treatments of 20, 35 30 and 25℃ (room temperature as control), and these replications were marked as T20, T30, T35 and T25, respectively. Juvenile fish were fed with commercial diets at 5% body weight three consecutive times a day. Fish in T30 showed significantly higher growth performances and a higher percentage of specific growth rate (SGR%) in comparison to the control group in T25 (p < 0.05). However, no significant (p > 0.05) changes in SGR% were reported between T30 and T35 groups. Haematological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) decreases in haemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell (WBC) in T20 and T35 compared to control T25. Significantly higher Hb and WBC were observed in T30 among treatments. No significant changes (p > 0.05) in red blood cells (RBC) were observed between T25 and T30, while T20 and T35 showed significantly lower RBC. Histological analyses revealed that the liver and gill tissues were well‐shaped in T30 compared to distinctive pathology in other treatments. Again, the apparent formation of intestinal villi height was highest observed in T30 in comparison to other groups. It is concluded that the highest growth performance and physiological development of butter catfish would be obtained at 30℃ rearing temperatures.
Peptide‐Heterocycle Conjugates as Antifungals Against Cryptococcosis
Authors: Sharma Krishna K. , Sharma Komal , Kudwal Anurag , Khan Shabana I. , Jain Rahul
Published: June 2022

In last three decades, only one new USFDA approved antifungal drug (echinocandin) was introduced into the clinics. The identification of new scaffolds with novel mechanisms of action is an important goal of current antifungal research. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activities of heterocycle‐His(2‐aryl)‐Arg‐NHBzl conjugates as a new structural class of peptidomimetics with promising antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (IC50 values ranging between 2.13–14.57 μg mL−1). The most potent analog, quinolinyl‐His(2‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐Arg‐NHBzl (17 f) exhibited IC50 and MIC values of 2.13 and 2.50 μg mL−1, respectively against C. neoformans.
Fast Magic‐Angle‐Spinning NMR Reveals the Evasive Hepatitis B Virus Capsid C‐Terminal Domain**
Authors: Callon Morgane , Malär Alexander A. , Lecoq Lauriane , Dujardin Marie , Fogeron Marie‐Laure , Wang Shishan , Schledorn Maarten , Bauer Thomas , Nassal Michael , Böckmann Anja , Meier Beat H.
Published: June 2022

Experimentally determined protein structures often feature missing domains. One example is the C‐terminal domain (CTD) of the hepatitis B virus capsid protein, a functionally central part of this assembly, crucial in regulating nucleic‐acid interactions, cellular trafficking, nuclear import, particle assembly and maturation. However, its structure remained elusive to all current techniques, including NMR. Here we show that the recently developed proton‐detected fast magic‐angle‐spinning solid‐state NMR at >100 kHz MAS allows one to detect this domain and unveil its structural and dynamic behavior. We describe the experimental framework used and compare the domain's behavior in different capsid states. The developed approaches extend solid‐state NMR observations to residues characterized by large‐amplitude motion on the microsecond timescale, and shall allow one to shed light on other flexible protein domains still lacking their structural and dynamic characterization.
Enantioselective Hydroxylation of Dihydrosilanes to Si‐Chiral Silanols Catalyzed by In Situ Generated Copper(II) Species
Authors: Yang Wu , Liu Lin , Guo Jiandong , Wang Shou‐Guo , Zhang Jia‐Yong , Fan Li‐Wen , Tian Yu , Wang Li‐Lei , Luan Cheng , Li Zhong‐Liang , He Chuan , Wang Xiaotai , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: June 2022

Catalytic enantioselective hydroxylation of prochiral dihydrosilanes with water is expected to be a highly efficient way to access Si‐chiral silanols, yet has remained unknown up to date. Herein, we describe a strategy for realizing this reaction: using an alkyl bromide as a single‐electron transfer (SET) oxidant for invoking CuII species and chiral multidentate anionic N,N,P‐ligands for effective enantiocontrol. The reaction readily provides a broad range of Si‐chiral silanols with high enantioselectivity and excellent functional group compatibility. In addition, we manifest the synthetic potential by establishing two synthetic schemes for transforming the obtained products into Si‐chiral compounds with high structural diversity. Our preliminary mechanistic studies support a mechanism involving SET for recruiting chiral CuII species as the active catalyst and its subsequent σ‐metathesis with dihydrosilanes.
Rechargeable Aqueous Mn‐Metal Battery Enabled by Inorganic–Organic Interfaces
Authors: Yang Qi , Qu Xiaofeng , Cui Huilin , He Xincheng , Shao Yuan , Zhang Yong , Guo Xun , Chen Ao , Chen Ze , Zhang Rong , Kong Duanyang , Shi Zhicong , Liu Jun , Qiu Jieshan , Zhi Chunyi
Published: June 2022

Aqueous batteries that use metal anodes exhibit maximum anodic capacity, whereas the energy density is still unsatisfactory partially due to the high redox potential of the metal anode. Current metal anodes are plagued by the dilemma that the redox potential of Zn is not low enough, whereas Al, Mg, and others with excessively low redox potential cannot work properly in aqueous electrolytes. Mn metal with a suitably low redox potential is a promising candidate, which was rarely explored before. Here, we report a rechargeable aqueous Mn‐metal battery enabled by a well‐designed electrolyte and robust inorganic–organic interfaces. The inorganic Sn‐based interface with a bottom‐up microstructure was constructed to preliminarily suppress water decomposition. With this bubble‐free interface, the organic interface can be formed via an esterification reaction of sucrose triggered by acyl chloride in the electrolyte, generating a dense physical shield that isolates water while permitting Mn2+ diffusion. Hence, a Mn symmetric cell achieves a superior plating/stripping stability for 200 hours, and a Mn||V2O5 battery maintains approximately 100 % capacity after 200 cycles. Moreover, the Mn||V2O5 battery realizes a much higher output voltage than that of the Zn||V2O5 battery, evidencing the possibility of increasing the energy density through using a Mn anode. This work develops a systematic strategy to stabilize a Mn‐metal anode for Mn‐metal batteries, opening a new door towards enhanced voltage of aqueous batteries.
Tailored Multivalent Targeting of Siglecs with Photosensitizing Liposome Nanocarriers
Authors: Almeida‐Marrero Verónica , Bethlehem Fleur , Longo Sara , Bertolino M. Candelaria , Torres Tomás , Huskens Jurriaan , de la Escosura Andrés
Published: June 2022

The modification of surfaces with multiple ligands allows the formation of platforms for the study of multivalency in diverse processes. Herein we use this approach for the implementation of a photosensitizer (PS)‐nanocarrier system that binds efficiently to siglec‐10, a member of the CD33 family of siglecs (sialic acid (SA)‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectins). In particular, a zinc phthalocyanine derivative bearing three SA moieties (PcSA) has been incorporated in the membrane of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), retaining its photophysical properties upon insertion into the SUV's membrane. The interaction of these biohybrid systems with human siglec‐10‐displaying supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) has shown the occurrence of weakly multivalent, superselective interactions between vesicle and SLB. The SLB therefore acts as an excellent cell membrane mimic, while the binding with PS‐loaded SUVs shows the potential for targeting siglec‐expressing cells with photosensitizing nanocarriers.
A phosphorus/silicon/triazine‐containing flame retardant towards flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Hou Zhuang , Cai Haopeng , Li Chuan , Li Bolun , Wang Huihuan
Published: June 2022

A phosphorous/silicon/triazine‐containing flame retardant named DTD is synthesized and provides epoxy resin with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties simultaneously. The modified epoxy with the DTD content of 18.1 wt% shows excellent flame retardancy, manifested in the limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 36.6% with UL‐94 V‐0 rating obtained. In the cone calorimeter test, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and average effective heat of combustion (av‐EHC) are reduced by 43.7%, 45.0%, and 38.1% compared with neat epoxy resin, respectively. Besides, DTD exhibits a good charring capability, indicated by observation of an expanded char layer structure and the 160.3% increment in char residue after the cone calorimeter test. The mode of action of DTD is explained by the analysis of char residue and the pyrolysis behavior in the gas phase. In addition, DTD has good compatibility with epoxy resin, confirmed by single spike of tan delta and similar half‐peak width in dynamic mechanical analysis. While improving the flame retardancy, DTD also enhances the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. With 8.8 wt% of DTD content, the modified epoxy resin possesses desirable mechanical properties, with 36.0% and 18.9% increase in tensile strength and flexural strength, respectively.
Dielectric properties and dielectric relaxation process of polymethylphenylsiloxane/silicon dioxide nanocomposites
Authors: Yu Yan , Zhao Yan , Huang Bin , Ji Yanwei , Zhao Yunfeng , Zhang Zhijie , Fei Hua‐Feng
Published: June 2022

In recent years, polysiloxane dielectric elastomers (DEs) have attracted extensive attention, but their low dielectric constant and electrical breakdown strength are the main factors that limit their wide application. In this work, we report the effects that a high content of hydrophobic silica has on the dielectric properties and dielectric relaxation behavior of polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS). Introducing a high content of hydrophobic silica into PMPS composites increased the dielectric constant of PMPS composites from 3.11 to 3.70 and the breakdown strength of PMPS composites from 35.31 to 42.66 kv/mm. The high content of hydrophobic silica is beneficial for restraining or delaying the occurrence of direct current (DC) conductivity and for effectively reducing the dielectric loss of composites in high temperature and low‐frequency regions. The high content of hydrophobic silica also produces interfacial polarization in the composites, and this increases the dielectric constant and dielectric loss in the high frequency and low‐temperature regions. The dielectric relaxation behavior of PMPS composites was studied in detail using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) to better understand the effect of hydrophobic silica on dielectric properties. This work opens a new way to design and prepare polysiloxane‐based materials that have a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and high breakdown strength.
Recent Advances towards the Synthesis and Material Applications of Indoloindoles
Authors: Paul Dipankar , John Jubi
Published: June 2022

An important class of N‐heteroacenes is indoloindoles which are air‐stable, electron‐rich and possess many tuneable properties. Initially, indoloindoles were explored for potential biological applications but current interest is based on their performance as photovoltaic materials. With growing applications of indoloindoles across multiple facets as organic functional materials, the need for efficient methods to synthesize and functionalize indoloindoles has taken a centre stage. Over the years, synthetic routes leading to indoloindoles have evolved from multistep protocols to one‐pot multicomponent synthesis. Present literature boasts of a variety of reports that employ metals such as Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, or Au to mediate the reaction towards indoloindoles. As alternatives to such metal‐mediated methods, researchers have also developed metal‐free and catalyst‐free conditions. Indoloindoles, which are fundamentally fused‐indoles, are often synthesized by transforming indole derivatives but methods that employ anilines or arynes as the starting substrates are equally abundant. The present review highlights the rich diversity and versatility of recent literature for the synthesis of indolo[3,2‐b]indoles, indolo[2,3‐b]indoles, indolo[7,6‐g]indoles, and indolo[5,4‐e]indoles. This review discusses protocols that were explicitly designed to obtain the above‐mentioned indoloindoles and also explores several other methods that can be adapted to access said heteroacenes. Available mechanistic details pertaining to novel transformations have been detailed for the readers. Various applications where indoloindoles function as organic light‐emitting diodes, organic field‐effect transistors, solar cells, etc. have also been delved into before concluding with an outlook on future research.
X4S – Klimaneutral Wohnen und Arbeiten in der Stadt
Authors: Gerber Andreas , Löhr Felix , Lewandowski Mari , Frühschütz Lena , Weitschies Rainer
Published: June 2022

Das Team X4S der Hochschule Biberach entwickelt und plant für den SDE 21/22 eine Aufstockung mit vier Geschossen in Holzbauweise auf ein zweigeschossiges Bestandsgebäude im Quartier Wuppertal‐Mirke. Ziele des Beitrags ist die Schaffung von neuem Wohnraum und Büroflächen. Solarenergienutzung in der Fassade und auf dem Dach soll die C02‐neutrale Betrieb des Gebäudes aus Bestand und Aufstockung ermöglichen. Die Baukonstruktion der Aufstockung ist auf Langlebigkeit, Trennbarkeit, Wiederverwertbarkeit der verwendeten Roh‐ und Baustoffe ausgerichtet. In diesem Betrag werden die Konstruktion der Gebäudehülle und die bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften des Gebäudes mit einem Fokus auf ihre Bedeutung für das Energiesystem vorgestellt.
Synthesis of selenated γ‐lactones via photoredox‐catalyzed selenylation and ring closure of alkenoic acids with diselenides
Authors: Park Jiwoo , Kim Dae Young
Published: June 2022

A photoredox‐catalyzed selenylation and ring closure sequences of alkenoic acid derivatives are achieved. This transformation is efficiently accelerated using an inexpensive Rhodamine 6G as an organophotocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The present method affords efficient and practical access to structurally diverse selenated γ‐lactones in moderate to high yields.
An observation study of urinary biomarker exploratory in Alzheimer's disease using high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Qun , Wu Shuo , Liu Xinru , Yang Jun , Dong Xin , Zhou Yinge , Chen Junjie , Li Yamei , Yang Jingzhi
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as a progressive neurodegenerative dementia, characterized by degeneration of distinct neuronal populations. A case–control study was carried out using high‐resolution mass spectrometry to explore AD‐associated urinary metabolic biomarkers from 30 AD patients and 30 cognitively normal (CN) individuals. In total, 49 metabolites were determined and validated as known compounds using LC/MS analysis. Using the two‐sample t‐test statistical analysis (P < 0.05), 19 metabolites were shown to be significantly different from AD to CN. A diagnostic model of the receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed with a combination of nine molecules out of 19 metabolites, it yielded a separation with an area under the curve value of 0.976 between the two groups. This study indicated that urinary metabolites showed a significant expression between AD and CN. AD‐related metabolites enable to satisfy the diagnostic power of disease discrimination. In addition, as a noninvasive approach, urine collection is done easily in clinical diagnosis of AD.
Interest in fertility status assessment among young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Cherven Brooke , Lewis Rebecca Williamson , Pruett Megan , Meacham Lillian , Klosky James L.
Published: June 2022

Background

Cancer survivors who received gonadotoxic treatment are at‐risk for future infertility and may desire a fertility status assessment (FSA), defined as semen analysis for males and consultation with a reproductive specialist for females. The purpose of this study was to describe the proportion of, and factors associated with, interest in FSA among young adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods

This retrospective single‐institution review included patients with prior gonadotoxic treatment, aged 18–25 years and >1 year from cancer treatment completion, who received a fertility‐focused discussion during survivorship. Documentation of interest in and completion of FSA, worry about infertility, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics were abstracted from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for factors associated with interest in FSA.

Results

Survivors (N = 259) were on average 19.2 ± 1.2 years at their fertility discussion; 55.6% were male and 57.9% non‐Hispanic white. Interest in FSA was reported by 50.7% of males and 46.1% of females. Factors related to interest in FSA for males and females respectively, included worry about infertility (OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.11–5.27, p = 0.026 and OR 4.37, 95%CI 1.71–12.43, p = 0.003) and ≥2 fertility discussions (OR 3.78, 95%CI 1.70–8.75, p = 0.001 and 2.45, 95%CI 1.08–5.67, p = 0.033). Among males, fertility preservation consult/procedure at diagnosis (OR 3.02, 95%CI 1.09–9.04, p = 0.039) and high‐risk for infertility (OR 2.47, 95%CI 1.07–5.87, p = 0.036) were also associated with interest in FSA.

Conclusions

Cancer survivors are interested in FSA, particularly those who have had repeated fertility‐focused discussions during survivorship care and who report worry about infertility.
Traditional Chinese medicines and capecitabine‐based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer treatment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiang Hui‐Zhong , Jiang Ya‐Li , Yang Bing , Long Feng‐Xi , Yang Zhu , Tang Dong‐Xin
Published: June 2022

This meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMs) to capecitabine‐based regimens for colorectal cancer (CRC) in term of tumor. The eight electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Excerpt Medica Database (Embase), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journals (CQVIP), and Wanfang Database were systematically searched for eligible studies from their inception to March 2021. Thirty‐nine randomized controlled trials were involved in this study, and all the data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 (Nordic Cochran Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) and R 4.0.5 software. The meta‐analyses suggested that TCMs in combination with capecitabine‐based regimens increased objective response rate (ORR) in the palliative treatment of CRC (risk ratio [RR], 1.35 [1.17, 1.55],I2 = 0%), disease control rate (DCR) (RR, 1.22 [1.12, 1.32],I2 = 3%), and quality of life (QOL) (RR, 1.71 [1.44, 2.03],I2 = 0%), with decreased risks of myelosuppression, anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver/renal dysfunction, neurotoxicity, nausea/vomiting, neutropenia, diarrhea, leukopenia, improved the peripheral lymphocyte, reduced the expression of tumor markers, and related factors. Further sensitivity analysis of specific plant‐based TCMs found that dangshen, fuling, and gancao had significantly higher contributions to the results of the RR. The results show that capecitabine‐based chemotherapy combined with TCM in the treatment of CRC increases the efficiency of ORR and DCR, reduces chemotherapeutic agents‐associated adverse reactions, and improves their life quality as compared with chemotherapy alone, but further randomized and large sample of studies are needed.
Contemporaneous symptom networks of multidimensional symptom experiences in cancer survivors: A network analysis
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Sun Yanling , Kuang Yi , Yuan Xiaoyi , Gu Haiyan , Zhu Jing , Xing Weijie
Published: June 2022

Background

Symptom networks can provide empirical evidence for the development of personalized and precise symptom management strategies. However, few studies have explored the symptom networks of multidimensional symptom experiences in cancer survivors. The objectives of this study were to generate symptom networks of multidimensional symptom experiences in cancer survivors and explore the centrality indices and density in these symptom networks

Methods

Data from 1065 cancer survivors were obtained from the Shanghai CANcer Survivor (SCANS) Report. The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory was used to assess the prevalence and severity of 13 cancer‐related symptoms. We constructed contemporaneous networks with all 13 symptoms after controlling for covariates.

Results

Distress (rs = 9.18, rc = 0.06), sadness (rs = 9.05, rc = 0.06), and lack of appetite (rs = 9.04, rc = 0.06) had the largest values for strength and closeness. The density of the “less than 5 years” network was significantly different from that of the “5–10 years” and “over 10 years” networks (p < 0.001). We found that while fatigue was the most severe symptom in cancer survivorship, the centrality of fatigue was lower than that of the majority of other symptoms.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the need for the assessment of centrality indices and network density as an essential component of cancer care, especially for survivors with <5 years of survivorship. Future studies are warranted to develop dynamic symptom networks and trajectories of centrality indices in longitudinal data to explore causality among symptoms and markers of interventions.
Syringenes M – Q, Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from the Peeled Stems ofSyringa pinnatifolia
Authors: Li Anni , Ma Xiaojing , Zhang Ruifei , Jiao Shungang , Li Weifeng , Gao Xiaoli , Xu Jixuan , Tu Pengfei , Chai Xingyun
Published: June 2022

As a part of systematic studies onSyringa pinnatifolia, a continued phytochemical investigation guided by1H‐NMR and LC/MS data on the ethanol extract afforded five new dimeric eremophilane sesquiterpenoids, namely syringenes M−Q (1–5). These structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including infrared (IR), high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), quantum‐mechanics‐based computational analysis of NMR chemical shifts, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds4and5showed inhibitory activities against NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with IC50values of 5.1 and 9.3 μM, compared to positive control indomethacin (IC5033.6 μM). These dimeric eremophilane sesquiterpenoids may be potential markers for discriminating this species from the genusSyringaand the Oleaceae family.
‘Your child is not a pedophile’: Effectively addressing problematic sexual behaviors in children and adolescents
Authors: Gomez Michael
Published: June 2022

“Our minds are made up — Don't confuse us with the facts.” You shouldn't have a favorite journal article but that may be mine. It was one of the first articles I read on the field of treating problematic sexual behaviors (PSBs for short) in children and adolescents by one of the founders of the PSB treatment field (and one of the three people who taught me how to treat it), Dr. Mark Chaffin. Chaffin (2008) wrote this article as a commentary on the misguided, and often ineffective, policies surrounding intervening in PSBs in youth. Unfortunately, his commentary is still as relevant now as it was over a decade ago. Chaffin (2008) focused on four areas of misconception regarding this population: risk, specialness, homogeneity, and intransigence.
From the FDA: Cannabis edibles copycatting cereals, candy
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

Children can easily mistake edible cannabis products as breakfast cereal, candy, cookies, and other commonly consumed foods, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned. Accidentally ingesting these can cause serious adverse events in anyone, but especially in children, the agency said in a May 13 announcement.
A novel technique for the percutaneous removal of tricuspid valve vegetations utilizing the Inari Flowtriever System
Authors: Becker Matthew C. , Reddy Siddarth , Miccio Brendan , Pappas Orestis
Published: June 2022

Right‐sided infective endocarditis is a common entity for which surgical intervention is frequently high‐risk. Considering its invasive nature, potential complications, and challenging patient population, a less invasive endovascular option is desirable. The previous series have demonstrated the feasibility of percutaneous therapy for tricuspid valve (TV) vegetation utilizing a filter‐based bypass circuit. However, the limited availability of a specialized team, resources, procedural complexity, and large bore sheath size restrict the broad adoption of this technique. The Inari FlowTriever System (Inari Medical) is an endovascular, catheter‐based, aspiration, and mechanical thrombectomy system indicated for the removal of large‐volume venous thrombus and pulmonary emboli. Independent of anesthesia, perfusion, or advanced imaging, this device's characteristics uniquely improve the operator's ability to safely remove unwanted debris from complex anatomy. This report describes the first, utilization of the Inari FlowTriever System for the removal of massive and inoperable TV vegetation.
Selective Oxidation of Olefins to Aldehydes/ Ketones/ Carboxylic Acids with an Efficient and Practical Polyoxometalate‐based Iron Catalyst
Authors: Chang Yalin , Xie Ya , Zhao Chengchun , Ren Jingjing , Su Wei , Zhao Wenshu , Wu Linke , Yu Han
Published: June 2022

Herein, we reported the efficient method for synthesis of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids from olefins catalyzed by inorganic‐ligand Fe (III) catalyst, (NH4)3[FeMo6O18(OH)6]. This transformation features sustainable conditions and utilizes commercially available H2O2 as the sole oxidant and CH3CN/ AcOH as the solvent. The simple synthesized catalyst has high efficiency towards the reactions under mild conditions and can be recycled at least six times with keeping stable activity. At the same time, the controllable products in the reaction have the potential for industrial application.
On the Optimization of Nitrogen‐Reduction Electrocatalysts: Breaking Scaling Relation or Catalytic Resonance Theory?
Authors: Exner Kai S.
Published: June 2022

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is mainly hampered by two facts. On the one hand, the hydrogen evolution reaction competes with the NRR under cathodic reaction conditions. On the other hand, the sluggish reaction kinetics of the NRR, due to the transfer of six proton‐electron pairs in the reaction mechanism, causes large overpotentials, and thus results in humble intrinsic activity for ammonia formation. Optimization strategies for NRR electrocatalysts are ultimately called for to overcome these issues. While breaking scaling relation is considered as a universal remedy to enhance turnover for any electrocatalytic process, recently, the concept of catalytic resonance theory has been put forth as a second option to obtain reaction rates beyond the limiting Sabatier volcano. Yet, a comparison of these two concepts is missing but urgently needed to comprehend design principles for electrocatalyst optimization on the atomic scale. In the present work, breaking scaling relation and catalytic resonance by programmable catalysis are compared on the example of the NRR over transition‐metal oxides. It is demonstrated that a fine tuning rather than a full breaking of nitrogen‐containing scaling relations is required to enhance electrocatalytic activity of electrocatalysts at the volcano apex. The success of catalytic resonance theory is based on the occurrence of negative scaling correlations whereas in the case of positive scaling correlations, the impact of this approach on the optimization of electrocatalysts strongly depends on the location of the material in the volcano plot. The obtained insight may spur the development of NRR electrocatalysts with enhanced intrinsic activity by following the outlined design principles.
Nickel Bromide Catalyzed Ligand‐Free and Activator‐less Suzuki Coupling Reactions
Authors: Islam Khadimul , Arora Vinay , Vikas  , Nag Bedabara , Kumar Akshai
Published: June 2022

Readily available and inexpensive bromide salt based on earth‐abundant nickel has been used to catalyze the Suzuki coupling of a variety of aryl halides (ca. 37 examples) in high yields under ambient conditions with good functional group tolerance. The reactivity of various aryl halides follows the corresponding C−X (X=I, Br and Cl) bond strength in the order Ar−I>Ar−Br>Ar−Cl. EPR analysis, mercury‐drop experiments and reactions with radical scavenger such as TEMPO point to the involvement of well‐defined molecular species that operate via a Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalytic cycle where oxidative addition of the aryl halide to Ni(0) is likely to be the rate‐determining‐step (RDS). For the first time, valuable new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with exciting photophysical properties have been synthesized (ca. 23 examples) via a Ni(II) catalyzed multi‐fold Suzuki coupling.
Facilitated Ion Transfer Reactions Across Liquid|Liquid Interfaces Assisted by a Neutral Weak Acid: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Hernández Tamara A. , Mayorga Fabricio , Garcia Julia I. , Zanotto Franco M. , Fernández Ricardo A. , Dassie Sergio A.
Published: June 2022

We present a model that describes facilitated transfer of two cations across liquid|liquid interfaces in presence of a neutral weak acid and its conjugate base. The non‐trivial calculation of the initial equilibrium state is included, since it determines which processes are observed during voltammetry. In certain experimental conditions, the ion transfer reactions involve an interfacial cation exchange. The mechanism that takes place can be identified by measuring the peak‐to‐peak potential difference and the dependence of transfer potential with pH. We also derive a set of equations that allow to locate each experimental condition within a pH‐potential diagram that describes the system at a glance, according to the hydrophobicity of the ligand. Our results can explain potentiometric slopes obtained with ion‐selective electrodes and charge transfer processes with apparent super‐Nernstian responses.
Stabilization of a Mn−Co Oxide During Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Media
Authors: Villalobos Javier , Morales Dulce M. , Antipin Denis , Schuck Götz , Golnak Ronny , Xiao Jie , Risch Marcel
Published: June 2022

Improving the stability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through materials design has received less attention than improving their catalytic activity. We explored the effects of Mn addition to a cobalt oxide for stabilizing the catalyst by comparing single phase CoOx and (Co0.7Mn0.3)Ox films electrodeposited in alkaline solution. The obtained disordered films were classified as layered oxides using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The CoOx films showed a constant decrease in the catalytic activity during cycling, confirmed by oxygen detection, while that of (Co0.7Mn0.3)Ox remained constant within error as measured by electrochemical metrics. These trends were rationalized based on XAS analysis of the metal oxidation states, which were Co2.7+ and Mn3.7+ in the bulk and similar near the surface of (Co0.7Mn0.3)Ox, before and after cycling. Thus, Mn in (Co0.7Mn0.3)Ox successfully stabilized the bulk catalyst material and its surface activity during OER cycling. The development of stabilization approaches is essential to extend the durability of OER catalysts.
Optimization total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Saccocalyx satureioides extracts obtained by ultrasonic‐assisted extraction
Authors: Souadia Ahmed , Gourine Nadhir , Yousfi Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Optimum conditions for ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) of total phenolic (and total flavonoid compounds (TPC & TFC) and antioxidant activity from aerial parts of Saccocalyx satureioides have been investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The Box–Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables: Temperature, time, and solvent/matter “mL/g d.w.” ratio. In this study, total phenolics and total flavonoids extracts were investigated for their antioxidant activity using two different and complementary assays: the DPPH• (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Optimized conditions of UAE were determined for TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP) at once. The results suggested that extraction with absolute methanol to dry matter ratio of 70/1 mL/g for 40.0 min at 43.21°C were the optimal conditions for this combination of variables. Hence, the optimal solution results for the investigated variables were as follows: TPC = 2.416 g/100 g, TFC = 0.440 g/100 g, DPPH (IC50 = 0.022 mg/mL), FRAP (IC50 = 0.760 mg/mL). The experimental values agreed with those predicted ones within a 95% confidence level, thus indicating the suitability of RSM in optimizing the UAE of phenolic compounds from S. satureioides. The results indicated also that optimization of extraction conditions in this plant is critical for precise quantification of antioxidant phenolics and its further utilization in industry.
Understanding of the sodium storage mechanism in hard carbon anodes
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Liu Changyu , Fang Yongjin , Ai Xinping , Zhong Faping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang
Published: June 2022

Hard carbon has been regarded as the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost, high reversible capacity, and low working potential. However, the uncertain sodium storage mechanism hinders the rational design and synthesis of high‐performance hard carbon anode materials for practical SIBs. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been put to stimulate the development of hard carbon materials. In this review, we discuss the recent progress of the study on the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon anodes, and the effective strategies to improve their sodium storage performance have been summarized. It is anticipated that hard carbon anodes with high electrochemical properties will be inspired and fabricated for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Photovoltaic‐powered supercapacitors for driving overall water splitting: A dual‐modulated 3D architecture
Authors: Sun Zixu , Sun Lijuan , Koh See Wee , Ge Junyu , Fei Jipeng , Yao Mengqi , Hong Wei , Liu Shude , Yamauchi Yusuke , Li Hong
Published: June 2022

Due to the growing demand for clean and renewable hydrogen fuel, there has been a surge of interest in electrocatalytic water‐splitting devices driven by renewable energy sources. However, the feasibility of self‐driven water splitting is limited by inefficient connections between functional modules, lack of highly active and stable electrocatalysts, and intermittent and unpredictable renewable energy supply. Herein, we construct a dual‐modulated three‐dimensional (3D) NiCo2O4@NiCo2S4 (denoted as NCONCS) heterostructure deposited on nickel foam as a multifunctional electrode for electrocatalytic water splitting driven by photovoltaic‐powered supercapacitors. Due to a stable 3D architecture configuration, abundant active sites, efficient charge transfer, and tuned interface properties, the NCONCS delivers a high specific capacity and rate performance for supercapacitors. A two‐electrode electrolyzer assembled with the NCONCS as both the anode and the cathode only requires a low cell voltage of 1.47 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline electrolyte, which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art bifunctional electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations suggest that the generated heterointerfaces in NCONCS improve the surface binding capability of reaction intermediates while regulating the local electronic structures, which thus accelerates the reaction kinetics of water electrolysis. As a proof of concept, an integrated configuration comprising a two‐electrode electrolyzer driven by two series‐connected supercapacitors charged by a solar cell delivers a high product yield with superior durability.
Concise Total Synthesis of Dysoxylactam A and a Simplified Analog
Authors: Yang Guan‐Zhou , Wang Lei , Fan Yao‐Yue , Lai Zeng‐Wei , Yu Xue‐Ni , Lou Li‐Guang , Gao Kun , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A total synthesis of 17‐membered macrocyclolipopeptide dysoxylactam A, a potent agent reversing P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, was developed from the starting material (S)‐2‐methylbutanal in a linear sequence of 12 steps with 23.2% overall yield. The key steps include proline‐catalyzed asymmetric aldol reaction, Evans aldol reaction and Krische allylation to construct the multiple stereocenters containing fragment, and ring‐closing metathesis to furnish the macrocycle. This total synthesis facilitates the preparation of large amount samples of dysoxylactam A and the side chain simplified derivatives for further biological tests and preliminary structure‐activity relationship exploration.
Intermetallic PdCd Core Promoting CO Tolerance of Pd Shell for Electrocatalytic Formic Acid Oxidation†
Authors: Chen Ming‐Xi , Liu Yue , Song Tian‐Wei , Wei Rui‐Lin , Zhuang Xiao‐Dong , Yang Yao‐Yue , Liang Hai‐Wei
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Liquid fed fuel cells such as direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) are considered to be promising power sources for portable electronic devices. However, the poison of CO intermediates on the state‐of‐the‐art platinum and palladium‐based electrocatalysts for the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) at the anode hampers the implementation of DFAFCs technologies. Here, we report a core/shell catalyst consisting of intermetallic PdCd core and Pd shell (i‐PdCd@Pd) with promoted CO anti‐poison ability and thus FAOR performance. The optimal i‐PdCd@Pd catalyst exhibits a high mass activity and specific activity at peak potential, which are 24 and 4 times greater than that of commercial Pd/C catalyst, respectively. We understand by in‐situ surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRA) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that in i‐PdCd@Pd, the intermetallic PdCd under‐layers can induce the downshift of d‐band center of surface Pd atoms, which would improve the CO tolerance and thus promote the FAOR performance.
Myocarditis after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination: A systematic review of case reports and case series
Authors: Park Dae Yong , An Seokyung , Kaur Amandeep , Malhotra Saurabh , Vij Aviral
Published: June 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic with over 266 million cases and 5 million deaths worldwide. Anti‐COVID‐19 vaccinations have had exceptional success in subduing the incidence, prevalence, and disease severity of COVID‐19, but rare cases of myocarditis have been reported after COVID‐19 vaccinations.

Hypothesis

Myocarditis occurring after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccinations have distinguishable clinical characteristics. They usually have a favorable prognosis.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search on PUBMED and MEDLINE database from inception to December 5, 2021. Studies were analyzed based on predetermined eligibility criteria.

Results

A total of 57 studies containing 275 cases of COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated myocarditis were catalogued. Mean age was 26.7 years and male to female ratio was 14:1. For 86.9% of patients, myocarditis occurred after the second dose. Average time to onset and length of hospitalization were 3.7 and 3.9 days, respectively. Prognosis was largely benign, but there was a 1.1% reported mortality. Chest pain (95.2%), elevation of troponin (100%), and ST elevation on electrocardiography (68.5%) were common. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (81.4%) were the most used medication, followed by colchicine (33.1%).

Conclusions

Patients with COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated myocarditis are usually younger males presenting with chest pain 3–4 days after receiving their second dose of COVID vaccine. Diagnosis is made by exclusion of all other etiologies. Given significant population benefit from COVID‐19 vaccination, physicians should continue to encourage vaccination while remaining vigilant of the very rare occurrence of myocarditis following COVID‐19 vaccination.
Management of triple negative breast cancer in a centenarian
Authors: Donaldson Andrew , Lunt Lilia , Madrigrano Andrea
Published: June 2022

Background

There is limited clinical data to guide treatment for elderly patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the case of centenarians, there is almost no data for this age group. The diagnosis of TNBC portends a more challenging clinical course compared to hormone receptor positive breast cancers, especially in elderly patients.

Case

We present the case of a 102‐year‐old patient who was diagnosed with TNBC. Although our initial plan was observation, the tumor growth rate and the pain it caused resulted in us offering a right total mastectomy and a left partial mastectomy.

Conclusion

Morbidity and mortality are higher in TNBC patients, and treatments are more limited, especially in elderly patients who may not be able to tolerate chemotherapy or surgery. As a result, management of breast cancer in elderly patients is largely individualized and treatment is generally more conservative. Focusing on quality of life is a key consideration when treating this patient population.