bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of acetylated LysargiNase from Escherichia coli with high activity and stability
Authors: Zhang Junling , Zhao Mingzhi , Xiao Weidi , Chang Lei , Wang Fuqiang , Xu Ping
Published: March 2019

Rationale

LysargiNase is a novel characterized metalloprotease that can cleave the N‐terminii of lysine or arginine residues. The peptides generated by LysargiNase are just mirrors to those generated by trypsin. These characteristics of LysargiNase provide a powerful tool for mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics research. A highly active and stable LysargiNase produced by an easy and inexpensive method could greatly benefit proteomics research. Here, we report the soluble recombinant expression, purification and acetyl modification of LysargiNase in Escherichia coli.

Methods

The coding sequence of LysargiNase with an enterokinase cleavage site at the N‐terminus was inserted into plasmid pGEX‐4 T‐2 and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The strain was cultured in a 14‐L fermenter with a working volume of 5 L. The protein expression was induced by adding isopropyl‐β‐D‐thiogalactoside (IPTG) to a final concentration of 1 mM. The recombinant LysargiNase was loaded onto a GSTrap and an on‐column digestion was performed to remove the GST tag and was subsequently purified by chromatographic purification. In vitro acetylation of LysargiNase was performed by using acetic anhydride. The digestion efficiency and specificity of recombinant LysargiNase and acetylated LysargiNase were compared with simple protein substrate, human serum albumin (HSA), and a complex proteomic sample, yeast lysate, by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).

Results

Highly soluble expression of recombinant LysargiNase was achieved by plasmid pGEX‐4 T‐2 in E. coli BL21 (DE3). In addition, acetylation of purified LysargiNase significantly increased its resistance to autolysis, which resulted in a more complete digestion of proteomics samples and more identified peptides and proteins by LC/MS/MS.

Conclusions

In this study, we constructed a highly soluble expression system for producing recombinant LysargiNase in E. coli, which gave tremendous advantages in the downstream purification process. We also confirmed that acetyl modification can increase the stability and activity of recombinant LysargiNase. The study provided a superior way to produce this powerful tool for proteomics research.
Understanding sustainable disaster mitigation of stakeholder engagement: Risk perception, trust in public institutions, and disaster insurance
Authors: Peng Li , Tan Jing , Lin Lei , Xu Dingde
Published: March 2019

Many rural settlements in China's western mountainous regions are affected by mountain disasters, such as landslides and mudslides. For residents living in landslide‐prone areas, behaviors related to disaster risk mitigation (such as purchasing disaster insurance) are inevitably affected by disaster risk perception. Due to the substantial differences in disaster occurrence patterns, landslide‐related insurance research is relatively rare compared with insurance research focused on other types of natural disasters (e.g., floods and droughts). Based on the results of questionnaires administered in landslide‐prone areas in Chongqing, China, this paper uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) to investigate the relationships among the questionnaire respondents' risk perception, trust in public institutions (TPI), and willingness to buy disaster insurance (WBDI). The results reveal that risk perception and TPI directly affect WBDI. Here, competence, participation, possibility perception, and fear perception are significantly positively correlated to WBDI, whereby fear perception has the largest impact, followed by possibility perception, competence, and participation. In addition, TPI indirectly affects WBDI through risk perception. Here, competence reduces fear perception and indirectly reduces WBDI. The implications of these results for theory are discussed. This study introduces a new method to support disaster risk mitigation‐related decision making that can be useful to governments and individuals.
Early Triassic benthic invertebrates from the Great Bank of Guizhou, South China: systematic palaeontology and palaeobiology
Authors: Foster William J. , Lehrmann Daniel J. , Hirtz Jaime A. , White Mackenzie , Yu Meiyi , Li Ji , Martindale Rowan C.
Published: March 2019

To further our understanding of the evolution, selectivity and ecological composition of marine communities following the latest Permian mass extinction, new collections from underrepresented regions in the immediate extinction aftermath are required. Here, we provide new systematic data and the first palaeobiological account of the benthic invertebrate community from the Great Bank of Guizhou, South China. We systematically describe three brachiopod species, 26 bivalve species, 11 gastropod species, 1 microconchid and 1 crinoid species. The descriptions include 5 new species; 2 bivalve species (Hoernesia? danisae, Atomodesma? hautmanni) and 3 gastropod species (Donaldina erwini, Cossmannina alfischeri and Vernelia samae). This is the most species‐rich benthic community known so far from the extinction aftermath, which is typically characterized by a high proportion of Permian holdover genera and cosmopolitan taxa. Taxonomically, this community is different from coeval faunas with dissimilarity values >60%. Ecologically, however, this fauna is similar to faunas from the Dolomites (Italy) and East Greenland. This new data, therefore, suggests that the lower Griesbachian invertebrate faunas were taxonomically heterogeneous, whereas ecologically they were relatively homogenous. The marine community on the Great Bank of Guizhou records genera that survived the mass extinction event with some, but not all, recording a size reduction, that is, the Lilliput effect. The absence of large body fossils and the preferential survival of small species suggest that the mass extinction event was size‐selective.
Jumping bristletails (Insecta, Archaeognatha) from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon
Authors: Sánchez‐García Alba , Peñalver Enrique , Delclòs Xavier , Engel Michael S.
Published: March 2019

Jumping bristletails (order Archaeognatha), the basalmost order of extant insects, include some of the earliest fossil records among hexapods, yet their overall geological occurrence remains sparse and has provided little insight into their evolution. The earliest representatives of crown‐group bristletails are those in Lebanese amber (Cretaceous), hitherto known only from a single species. Here we significantly expand the known fossil record of Archaeognatha, and from the prolific Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) deposits of Lebanon. One new genus and species,Glaesimeinertellus intermediusgen. et sp. nov., and one new species,Macropsontus bachaesp. nov., are described and figured from Hammana amber, whereas one additionalMacropsontusspecies,M. azarisp. nov., and one meinertellid morphotype are described and figured from Al‐Rihan amber. The new taxa are compared with their modern and fossil relatives. Collectively, the new taxa render the Archaeognatha fauna from Lebanese amber the earliest with sufficient preservation to provide character data comparable to modern forms, highlighting the considerable morphological conservatism within the order.
Global well‐posedness for incompressible flow in porous media with partial diffusion or fractional diffusion
Authors: Guo Yana , Shang Haifeng
Published: March 2019

This paper examines the equation of heat transfer with fractional diffusion or partial diffusion of an incompressible fluid in a porous medium. We establish two main results. The first result is the global regularity for the equation with partial diffusion when the norm of initial datum in is small. The second result is to show that for the supercritical case, the equation with fractional diffusion has a unique global solution provided that the norm of initial datum in the Besov space with is small.
The supercooled universe
Authors: Baratella Pietro , Pomarol Alex , Rompineve Fabrizio
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Strongly-coupled theories at the TeV can naturally drive a long period of supercooling in the early universe. Trapped into the deconfined phase, the universe could inflate and cool down till the temperature reaches the QCD strong scale. We show how at these low temperatures QCD effects are important and could trigger the exit from the long supercooling era. We also study the implications on relic abundances. In particular, the latent heat released at the end of supercooling could be the reason for the similarities between dark matter and baryon energy densities. The axion abundance could also be significantly affected, allowing for larger values of the axion decay constant. Finally, we discuss how a long supercooling epoch could lead to an enhanced gravitational wave signal.
Aspects of track-assisted mass
Authors: Elder Benjamin T. , Thaler Jesse
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Track-assisted mass is a proxy for jet mass that only uses direction information from charged particles, allowing it to be measured at the Large Hadron Collider with very fine angular resolution. In this paper, we introduce a generalization of track-assisted mass and analyze its performance in both parton shower generators and resummed calculations. For the original track-assisted mass, the track-only mass is rescaled by the charged energy fraction of the jet. In our generalization, the rescaling factor includes both per-jet and ensemble-averaged information, facilitating a closer correspondence to ordinary jet mass. Using the track function formalism in electron-positron collisions, we calculate the spectrum of generalized track-assisted mass to next-to-leading-logarithmic order with leading-order matching. These resummed calculations provide theoretical insight into the close correspondence between track-assisted mass and ordinary jet mass. With the growing importance of jet grooming algorithms, we also calculate track-assisted mass on soft-drop groomed jets.
Rotating hairy black holes in AdS5 × S5
Authors: Markevičiūtė Julija
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We present a numerical study of fully non-linear, rotating and charged hairy black hole solutions in five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, which originate from a consistent truncation of

$$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$

N
=
8

supergravity, and can be consistently embedded in type IIB supergravity with AdS5×S5 asymptotics. The hairy black holes have one scalar field charged under a U(1) gauge field, and branch from the near-extremal Cvetič, Lü and Pope solutions. We give numerical evidence that the hairy solutions exist arbitrarily close to the BPS bound for all charges, and saturate it in the T → 0 and T → ∞ limits. We give further evidence for the conjecture of Markevičiūtė and Santos, that on the BPS bound, the rotating hairy black holes form a two-parameter family of solutions with finite entropy, and can be regarded as a one-parameter extension of the supersymmetric Gutowski and Reall black hole. We analyse the approach to the supersymmetric limit and explore the full phase diagram. In the planar horizon limit we find a two parameter family of rotating hairy black brane solutions which cannot be obtained via a Lorentz boost. The field theory dual exhibits a spontaneously generated current. The results of this paper suggest rich and intricate structure of hairy black hole solutions in AdS5×S5, and highlight their importance in understanding the thermodynamics of

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM.
The two-loop five-particle amplitude in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 supergravity
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Gehrmann Thomas , Henn Johannes M. , Wasser Pascal , Zhang Yang , Zoia Simone
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We compute for the first time the two-loop five-particle amplitude in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 8 supergravity. Starting from the known integrand, we perform an integration-by-parts reduction and express the answer in terms of uniform weight master integrals. The latter are known to evaluate to non-planar pentagon functions, described by a 31-letter symbol alphabet. We express the final result for the amplitude in terms of uniform weight four symbols, multiplied by a small set of rational factors. We observe that one of the symbol letters is absent from the amplitude. The latter satisfies the expected factorization properties when one external graviton becomes soft, and when two external gravitons become collinear. We verify that the soft divergences of the amplitude exponentiate. We extract the finite remainder function, which depends on fewer rational factors. By analyzing identities involving rational factors and symbols we find a remarkably compact representation in terms of a single seed function, summed over all permutations of external particles. Finally, we work out the multi-Regge limit, and present explicitly the leading logarithmic terms in the limit. The full symbol of the IR-subtracted hard function is provided as a supplementary file.
Association between APOE e4 and white matter hyperintensity volume, but not total brain volume or white matter integrity
Authors: Lyall Donald M. , Cox Simon R. , Lyall Laura M. , Celis-Morales Carlos , Cullen Breda , Mackay Daniel F. , Ward Joey , Strawbridge Rona J. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Sattar Naveed , Smith Daniel J. , Cavanagh Jonathan , Deary Ian J. , Pell Jill P.
Published: March 2019

Apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 genotype is an accepted risk factor for accelerated cognitive aging and dementia, though its neurostructural substrates are unclear. The deleterious effects of this genotype on brain structure may increase in magnitude into older age. This study aimed to investigate in UK Biobank the association between APOE e4 allele presence vs. absence and brain imaging variables that have been associated with worse cognitive abilities; and whether this association varies by cross-sectional age. We used brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic data from a general-population cohort: the UK Biobank (N = 8395 after exclusions). We adjusted for the covariates of age in years, sex, Townsend social deprivation scores, smoking history and cardiometabolic diseases. There was a statistically significant association between APOE e4 genotype and increased (i.e. worse) white matter (WM) hyperintensity volumes (standardised beta = 0.088, 95% confidence intervals = 0.036 to 0.139, P = 0.001), a marker of poorer cerebrovascular health. There were no associations with left or right hippocampal, total grey matter (GM) or WM volumes, or WM tract integrity indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). There were no statistically significant interactions with age. Future research in UK Biobank utilising intermediate phenotypes and longitudinal imaging hold significant promise for this area, particularly pertaining to APOE e4’s potential link with cerebrovascular contributions to cognitive aging.
Corporate reputation and the future cost of equity
Authors: Pfister Benjamin , Schwaiger Manfred , Morath Tobias
Published: March 2019

Corporate reputation is an important management objective, bearing the potential to create sustainable competitive advantage, and many scholars have studied its impact on firm performance. However, its effect on the cost of equity has only recently begun to attract the attention of academic research. Empirical evidence is scarce, and the results are inconclusive. Applying a validated measure of reputation, we scrutinize its impact for a set of German blue-chip companies between 2005 and 2011. We show that higher levels of reputation are associated with a lower future cost of equity. While reputation improvements are not followed by a measurable short-term effect, reputational damages lead to a significant increase in the future cost of equity within 6 months. We interpret our findings against the backdrop of the previous studies, offering several explanations for diverging results.
V2O5 Nanospheres with Mixed Vanadium Valences as High Electrochemically Active Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Liu Fei , Chen Zixian , Fang Guozhao , Wang Ziqing , Cai Yangsheng , Tang Boya , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: March 2019

A V4+-V2O5 cathode with mixed vanadium valences was prepared via a novel synthetic method using VOOH as the precursor, and its zinc-ion storage performance was evaluated. The products are hollow spheres consisting of nanoflakes. The V4+-V2O5 cathode exhibits a prominent cycling performance, with a specific capacity of 140 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1, and an excellent rate capability. The good electrochemical performance is attributed to the presence of V4+, which leads to higher electrochemical activity, lower polarization, faster ion diffusion, and higher electrical conductivity than V2O5 without V4+. This engineering strategy of valence state manipulation may pave the way for designing high-performance cathodes for elucidating advanced battery chemistry.
Utility of CT and MRI in assessment of mandibular involvement in oral cavity cancer
Authors: Nae Andreea , O'Leary Gerard , Feeley Linda , Fives Cassie , Fitzgerald Brendan , Chiriac Elena , Sheahan Patrick
Published: March 2019

Objective

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may present with early invasion of mandibular bone. Preoperative planning of surgery is essential considering patient's postoperative quality of life. Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of computer tomography scan (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting mandibular bone involvement in oral SCC.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 98 patients with SCC of floor of mouth, lower alveolus and retromolar trigone operated on with curative intent. Preoperative CT and MRI scans were re‐reviewed by a consultant radiologist and original histology slides were re‐reviewed by 3 pathologists.

Results

Forty‐five patients were included in the final study. Combined CT and MRI had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 72%.

Conclusion

The results suggest that combined CT and MRI have diagnostic utility in detecting mandibular invasion by oral cancer, but with a significant false positive rate.
Is reputational damage worse than a regulator's fine?
Authors: Canada Jesse
Published: March 2019

Companies today have a huge task on their hands with the sheer volume of red tape required to demonstrate compliance. Such is the global nature of today's regulations that most organisations must adhere to them even if they are not physically in the markets covered. This is exposing them to greater compliance risk than ever before.

Such is the global nature of today's regulations that most organisations must adhere to them even if they are not physically in the markets covered. This is exposing them to greater compliance risk than ever before.

Data leaks, intentional or unintentional, happen. And when incidents occur, organisations may find themselves having to prove – both to the authorities and their customers – what measures were taken to secure information. This can leave firms struggling to manage the adverse side effects of data leaks, such as damage to customer loyalty, says Jesse Canada of ASG Technologies.
The growth of the hide and seek botnet
Authors: Haria Sam
Published: March 2019

Security researchers recently found a botnet that remains live and working, even after a device has been reset. 1 This malware has been named ‘Hide and Seek’ (HnS) and appears to be the world's first to survive a reboot, making it very persistent and extremely dangerous.
Headline hype disguises security failings
Authors: Harrison Henry
Published: March 2019

The world is not short of headlines about cyber security – the latest breach, the latest malware, the latest vulnerability. The world has become vastly better educated about the risk – from a position 10 years ago where most board members would respond to the mention of cyber security with “I think there's a guy called Bob in IT who deals with that” to the position today where boards routinely identify cyber security as their number one business risk.

The world is not short of headlines about cyber security incidents and most organisations have become better educated about the risk.

Among security professionals, however, the news flow feeds the risk of ‘shiny object syndrome’ – a focus on the latest threat or security tool. Many organisations have invested in swathes of new security software, establishing a defence in depth that layers product upon product. But software contains vulnerabilities and that applies to security software too. However, there are technologies that offer us a new way forward, argues Henry Harrison of Garrison.
Best practices for preventing and recovering from a ransomware attack
Authors: Malecki Florian
Published: March 2019

Today's cyber criminals are smarter than ever and it's likely that we are yet to see the most advanced attacks. With an estimated global cost of around $6tr (£4.24tr) per year attributed to cybercrime, there can be no denying that digital crime is just as lucrative for criminals as it is destructive to businesses. 1

Today's cyber criminals are smarter than ever and it's likely that we are yet to see the most advanced attacks.

Ransomware, in particular, has proven to be a devastating and constantly morphing form of attack. Yet there is a lot that companies can do to prepare. Taking steps to outsmart the new technologies that criminals are employing is key. Florian Malecki of StorageCraft outlines the steps you can take to protect your organisation.
From wooden shoe to click of a button: the risk of disgruntled employees
Authors: Schouteren Sjaak
Published: March 2019

As a society, we have greatly profited from the digitisation of our processes, the rise of the Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT). As companies, we are able to connect systems and data so that we can work efficiently and provide customers with the best service at the lowest cost. These benefits also bring a great amount of dependency on these systems and have subsequently opened a Pandora's Box of very real and ever-increasing cyber- and technology-related exposures.

Many cyber incidents are the result of actions taken by someone within the organisation. And a special category that is getting increasing attention is the disgruntled employee.

In recent years, we have seen examples of employees facilitating sabotage and fraud for the benefit of a new employer or to satiate their need for recognition. Whatever the motivation, insiders are perfectly placed to wreak considerable damage on the organisation, either through sabotage or data theft, as Sjaak Schouteren of JLT Specialty explains.
Protecting data in an age of cloud and virtualisation
Authors: Preston W Curtis
Published: March 2019

In a challenging business environment, IT budgets are increasingly tight. A firm today needs to be able to do more with the resources already available if it is to effectively compete with its rivals. Some IT departments are even asked to ‘do more with less’ – increasing the capabilities of the departments while reducing their costs.
Addressing (or Not) Widespread Concerns with the WTO
Authors: Stewart Terence P.
Published: March 2019

The United States for at least sixteen years has had serious concerns
with whether the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system
was operating according to the terms upon which WTO Members had agreed.
While the United States has been a major supporter of the WTO system and the
dispute settlement system generally, concerns about sovereignty and the
proper functioning of the system have been important since at least 2002,
reflected in U.S. legislation and actions by three administrations. Concerns
have existed on (1) whether panels and the Appellate Body have honored the
limitations contained in Articles 3.2 and 19.2 of the Dispute Settlement
Understanding (DSU) not to create rights or obligations; (2) the issuance of
advisory opinions on issues not raised or not necessary to the resolution of
the dispute; (3) actions of the Appellate Body that permit deviation from
the DSU without affirmative authorization by the Dispute Settlement Body
(DSB); and, former Appellate Body members continuing to be involved in cases
after their term has expired (failure to complete appeals in the DSU
required maximum time of ninety days). These are all issues that have
concerned the United States for years but also have been raised by other
members.
Remarks by Meg Kinnear
Authors: Kinnear Meg
Published: March 2019

Good afternoon. I would like to start by thanking Judge Brower and the
Executive Board of ASIL for inviting me to present the Brower Lecture this
year. Judge Brower's leadership in international arbitration, and his
contributions to the field truly are too many to list, so I will not do
that!
Remarks by Janie Chuang
Authors: Chuang Janie
Published: March 2019

Thank you so much for having me on this panel. I am learning so much
already from the co-panelists.
Remarks by Jacqueline O'Neill
Authors: O'Neill Jacqueline
Published: March 2019

The gap between rhetoric and implementation is exactly what I want to
talk about. Sanam described the flurry of activity and really intentional,
dogged advocacy of civil society in getting this foundational resolution
passed, 1325, and lo and behold, there was no immediate and dramatic change,
and there has not been since then. But there have been some ways that
countries and civil society have reacted to try to get us closer to that
implementation, and one of those has been a focus on and a creation of what
are called national action plans on Women, Peace, and Security, on the
implementation of 1325; countries name them different things. And for those
who are not familiar, they are usually basically just a multi-agency
strategy, ideally with an implementation plan that spans a range of
departments, agencies, and includes any spectrum of things. They can call
for more women to be appointed mediators, for more support to women's groups
for conflict prevention, meeting the unique physical needs of women in
humanitarian crises or refugee camps. Some countries say they want to deploy
more women to peacekeeping missions, recruit more female police officers,
provide support to people raped during war, training security forces, et
cetera. There is a broad range of things that are included in them.
Humanitarian Access
Authors: Bothe Michael
Published: March 2019

Access to the victims of armed conflicts for humanitarian relief
operations is vital for the survival of those victims, especially for the
most vulnerable ones. What can international law do to facilitate and secure
such access? These remarks shall pinpoint some basic principles and
problems.
Introductory Remarks by Vincent-Joël Proulx
Authors: Proulx Vincent-Joël
Published: March 2019

In recent years, individuals have increasingly travelled from their
respective countries to join the ranks of armed opposition groups and
terrorist networks, oftentimes in zones of ongoing armed conflict. One must
look no further than recent newspaper headlines to realize that the “foreign
fighters” phenomenon is as pervasive across borders as it is challenging,
both from policy and legal standpoints. While the prospect of individuals
travelling abroad to join ongoing hostilities is far from novel, the number
of such foreign fighters lending support to terrorist organizations has been
unprecedented in recent years, posing considerable threats to domestic,
regional, and international peace and security. Hence, domestic, regional,
transnational, and international actors have adopted measures to counteract
terrorism, more broadly, and have begun to address the problem of foreign
(terrorist) fighters. The contributions of the United Nations Security
Council (UNSC) are particularly noteworthy and, indeed, there has been
growing interest in that organ's “quasi-legislative” activities.
The UN Foreign (Terrorist) Fighter Regime and International Criminal
Law
Authors: Macmillan Moira
Published: March 2019

I am going to consider the UN Foreign (Terrorist) Fighter FTF regime
from a different perspective, by exploring how the regime interacts with
both the international law relating to terrorism and international criminal
law. I will to do this by looking first at the definition of terrorism and
then at how the UK Supreme Court approached the issue of terrorism and armed
conflict. In addition, I am going to apply a little prosecutorial pragmatism
to these difficult legal issues, and suggest that we focus on
the crime.
How to Keep Multilateralism Relevant: Lessons from NATO
Authors: Hill Steven
Published: March 2019

The multilateralism that we practice at North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) derives from the North Atlantic Treaty, also known as
the Washington Treaty in honor of this city, where it was signed on April 4,
1949. Next year we will be celebrating seventy years of this remarkable
document, which provides the legal foundation for NATO's continued
adaptation to the changing transatlantic security environment. One recent
example of this adaptation came last year when Montenegro joined the
Alliance. Montenegro's accession received almost unanimous advice and
consent in the Senate. That is an important sign of the continuing vitality
of interest in multilateralism here in Washington.
Role of International Organizations in Driving Rule-Making: The Example
of the International Labour Organization
Authors: Kohiyama Tomi
Published: March 2019

Throughout its one hundred years of existence, the International Labour
Organization (ILO) has taken a dynamic approach to the implementation of its
mandate to achieve social justice through the adoption of international
labor standards. This approach is exemplified in three ILO declarations: the
Declaration concerning the aims and purposes of the International Labour
Organization, 1944 (Declaration of Philadelphia); the Declaration on
Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, 1998 (the 1998 Declaration) and
the Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization, 2008 (the 2008
Declaration). These declarations contain expressions of renewed commitment
by the ILO's tripartite membership toward the universal relevance of the
Organization's constitutional mandate and its means of action (standards,
development cooperation, and research), and by the ILO to support its
members. These declarations have in addition adapted the vision of the ILO
mission to contemporary circumstances for a better impact. As noted by
Professors Alvarez and Burci, the ILO is a good example of a long-standing
international public organization reinventing itself with very few
amendments to its founding charter.
Introductory Remarks by Frauke Lachenmann and Astrid Wiik
Authors: Lachenmann Frauke , Wiik Astrid
Published: March 2019

The theme of the 2018 ASIL Annual Meeting was “International Law in
Practice,” and nowhere does international law become more practical than in
the attempt to rebuild and/or stabilize fragile and post-conflict states
through the means of law. Over the last two decades, the rule of law has
become a veritable panacea for the international community. As the World
Justice Project claimed in 2014, “[w]here the rule of law is weak, medicines
fail to reach health facilities, criminal violence goes unchecked, laws are
applied unequally across societies, and foreign investments are held back.”
The rule of law is no longer just a political ideal of checking power, it is
also increasingly “a transnational industry worth multiple billions of
dollars.” Multiple state donors, international organizations and
nongovernmental organizations are involved in the business of building the
rule of law.
Introductory Remarks by Julian Arato
Authors: Arato Julian
Published: March 2019

The principle of non-discrimination lies at the core of international
economic law (IEL). The norm is classically instantiated across IEL in two
recurrent principles: national treatment (NT); and most favored nation
(MFN). NT prohibits vertical discrimination—where a state affords preferable
treatment to its own nationals as compared to foreigners. MFN prohibits
horizontal discrimination—where a state
treats nationals from one foreign state better (or worse) than nationals
from another. These principles are foundational in IEL, and thus both
well-known and well-considered. Indeed, until recently, the questions of the
day across IEL concerned to what extent international trade and
international investment law have moved beyond
the non-discrimination paradigm. Yet, we see a renewed and growing
importance in these classical norms in the practice of IEL over the past few
years—in both treaty-making and dispute resolution. The purpose of this
roundtable is to discuss non-discrimination's renewed centrality across IEL,
and the extent to which the scope and contours of NT and MFN may be in flux
across its varied regimes.
Remarks by Jennifer Thornton
Authors: Thornton Jennifer
Published: March 2019

The United States and its TPP partners negotiated footnote 14 in the
context of a larger effort to clarify the scope of key substantive
obligations in the Agreement's investment chapter, with a view to better
insulating legitimate public welfare measures from challenge before
Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) tribunals constituted pursuant to
its terms. While some TPP partners originally advocated for the inclusion of
a “General Exceptions” article in the investment chapter along the lines of
GATT Article XX, the TPP parties ultimately concluded that ISDS tribunals
typically have accorded more deference to states when interpreting
non-discrimination obligations in investment agreements than has the WTO
Appellate Body when interpreting the GATT. For that reason, the TPP parties
negotiated a footnote directing tribunals to consider the rationale behind a
challenged measure when evaluating whether it breaches a non-discrimination
obligation, thus signaling that distinctions in treatment to achieve
legitimate public welfare objectives may be permissible under the chapter in
certain circumstances.
Remarks by Simon Batifort
Authors: Batifort Simon
Published: March 2019

In international investment law, some MFN claims mirror the use of MFN
in international trade law. Other MFN claims are more expansive and
controversial.
Remarks by Patrick Luna
Authors: Luna Patrick
Published: March 2019

Good morning. I would like to start by thanking, of course, Monica for
the privilege of participating in this panel. I am certainly willing and
hopefully able to present an alternative view to those that have been
presented by the speakers before me.
Job security matters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between job security and work attitudes
Authors: Hur Hyunkang
Published: March 2019

This article synthesizes public and private sector accumulated research regarding the relationship between job security and employee work attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment). The present meta-analysis of 37 studies (including 45 independent samples) shows that the medium-sized associations between job security and each work attitude variables (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment) were found, with true score correlations (ρ) of .327 for job satisfaction, and .253 for organizational commitment. These results highlight the significance of job security at the workplace, in shaping and enhancing attitudes of employee and job security is worth retaining in some form in the public sector, contrary to the logic of at-will employment. This meta-analysis findings also call attention to several important considerations for developing effective public job security policy.
Making a difference: Doing leadership research that matters
Authors: Tourish Dennis
Published: March 2019

Leadership research largely ignores the really big issues facing our species, such as climate change, the now rapid growth of new technologies that are already transforming the world of work, and the possibility that an insufficiently reformed banking system will inflict a worse crisis on us than it did in 2008. We also have a proliferation of leadership constructs that often look remarkably like those they are trying to replace. There is much heat but little illumination. The dominant methodologies that the field employs are part of a wider crisis in management studies where many of our claimed results are invalid and/or unreliable, unreproducible and offer little guidance for practice. I conclude that radical changes are needed if we are to play a serious role in improving the world in which we live. Let's take Ken Parry's lead, and make a difference.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of snow erosion, deposition and horizontal mass flux
Authors: CRIVELLI PHILIP , PATERNA ENRICO , LEHNING MICHAEL
Published: March 2019

The quantification of snow transport, both in wind tunnels and the field, apply particle counting methods limited to punctual sampling of relatively small volumes. Particle counting can only capture horizontal mass fluxes, failing to measure snow erosion or deposition. Herein, we present a novel low-cost sensor tool, based on a Microsoft Kinect, adapted to capture snow surface changes during snow drifting at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. In the wind tunnel setting of these experiments we observe a balance between erosion and deposition at low wind speeds, while erosion is dominant at higher wind speeds. Significant differences in power spectral densities of surface mass flux and horizontal particle mass flux are observed. We show that for the saltation-length-scale parameter λ = 1, the integrated particle flux can be used to estimate the total surface mass flux in the wind tunnel. This provides an important basis to interpret mass flux measurements in the field.
MOTIVIC EULER CHARACTERISTICS AND WITT-VALUED CHARACTERISTIC CLASSES
Authors: LEVINE MARC
Published: March 2019

This paper examines Euler characteristics and characteristic classes in the motivic setting. We establish a motivic version of the Becker–Gottlieb transfer, generalizing a construction of Hoyois. Making calculations of the Euler characteristic of the scheme of maximal tori in a reductive group, we prove a generalized splitting principle for the reduction from$\operatorname{GL}_{n}$or$\operatorname{SL}_{n}$to the normalizer of a maximal torus (in characteristic zero). Ananyevskiy’s splitting principle reduces questions about characteristic classes of vector bundles in$\operatorname{SL}$-oriented,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$-invertible theories to the case of rank two bundles. We refine the torus-normalizer splitting principle for$\operatorname{SL}_{2}$to help compute the characteristic classes in Witt cohomology of symmetric powers of a rank two bundle, and then generalize this to develop a general calculus of characteristic classes with values in Witt cohomology.
State of the art of social representations theory in Asia: An empirical meta-theoretical analysis
Authors: de Rosa Annamaria Silvana , Gherman Mihaela-Alexandra
Published: March 2019

Part of a larger research project aimed at performing the meta-theoretical analysis of the worldwide literature published on social representations theory (SRT), this article explores the state of art of the theory in the geocultural context of Asia, spatially and temporally, as well as from a conceptual, disciplinary, theoretical, empirical and thematic point of view. The Grid for MetaTheoretical Analysis was used on 194 sources, extracted from the So.Re.Com “A.S. de Rosa”@-library. Multi-step strategies of data analyses offer a diversified picture of findings: (a) descriptive statistics and geomapping with Tableau Desktop the bibliometric impact country by country; (b) structural multidimensional view of significant intersections between “meta-data” performing hierarchical clustering on the top of the multiple correspondence analysis. The three clusters detected reveal a shift from a more generic and applied tradition of research on SRT in 2002–2011 to a more theoretically oriented empirical research trend starting from 2011, identifying the scientific production anchored into different Asian regions (Indonesia, China and Israel) and mainly differentiated by the methodology employed. Results revealed that SRT was adopted due to its epistemological and empirical compatibilities with the purpose of creating an original Asian social psychology, interested in indigenous social phenomena specific to cultural backgrounds.
A randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of micellised and fat-soluble vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy adults
Authors: Marwaha Raman K. , Dev Tanvi , Mittal Ambrish , Mani Kalaivani , Narang Archna , Arora Preeti , Singh Anne , Chadha Aditi , Dang Navin , Goel Meetu , Sharma Vinod K. , Sethuraman Gomathy
Published: March 2019

Nanoemulsion formulation of vitamin D3 have been shown to have better bioavailability than the coarse emulsion preparation in vitro and in vivo animal studies. In the absence of randomised trial in humans, comparing the efficacy of nanotechnology-based miscellised vitamin D3 over conventional vitamin D3, we undertook this study. A total of 180 healthy adults were randomised to receive either micellised (DePura, group A) or conventional vitamin D3 (Calcirol, group B) at a monthly dose of 60 000 IU (1500μg) for 6 months. The outcome parameters were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and urinary Ca:creatinine ratio. A total of eighty-nine subjects in group A and seventy-seven in group B completed the trial. Subjects in both the groups had a significant increase in their serum 25(OH)D levels following supplementation (group A: 21·5 (sd 10·9) to 76·7 (sd 18·8) nmol/l (P<0·001); group B: 22·8 (sd 10·4) to 57·8 (sd 16·0) nmol/l (P<0·001)). Participants in micellised group had an additional increase of 20·2 (95 % CI 14·0, 26·4) nmol/l in serum 25(OH)D levels (P<0·001). The difference between the groups was 17·5 (95 % CI 11·8, 23·1) nmol/l, which remained statistically significant (P<0·001) even after adjustment for age and sex. Significant decline in mean serum PTH was observed in both the groups. No hypercalcaemia or hypercalciuria was noted. Although supplementation with both the preparations resulted in a significant rise in serum 25(OH)D levels, micellised vitamin D3 appeared to be more efficacious in achieving higher levels of serum 25(OH)D.
Indigeneity, ethnopolitics, andtaingyinthar: Myanmar and the global Indigenous Peoples’ movement
Authors: Dunford Michael R.
Published: March 2019

In Myanmar, the idea of ‘indigeneity’ has been mobilised in two radically different ways. Ethnonationalist groups such as the Chin National Front and the Karen National Union have utilised the concept to lobby for increased autonomy in international forums such as the United Nations, while the Burmese state has used the idea of indigeneity (or native-ness, typically translated astaingyintharin Burmese) to exclude certain minorities — most prominently the Rohingya — by explicitly striking them from the official list of Myanmar's ‘national races’. To clarify how this definitional tension has developed, this article will situate the competing Burmese appeals to indigeneity within the history of international indigeneity politics, and compare the Burmese ‘Indigenous situation’ to other Asian countries that have addressed the question of who counts and does not count as Indigenous.
Effects of obesity and weight loss on mitochondrial structure and function and implications for colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Breininger S. P. , Malcomson F. C. , Afshar S. , Turnbull D. M. , Greaves L. , Mathers J. C.
Published: March 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. CRC risk is increased by obesity, and by its lifestyle determinants notably physical inactivity and poor nutrition. Obesity results in increased inflammation and oxidative stress which cause genomic damage and contribute to mitochondrial dysregulation and CRC risk. The mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity includes abnormal mitochondrial size, morphology and reduced autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of key mitochondrial regulators. Although there is strong evidence that increased adiposity increases CRC risk, evidence for the effects of intentional weight loss on CRC risk is much more limited. In model systems, energy depletion leads to enhanced mitochondrial integrity, capacity, function and biogenesis but the effects of obesity and weight loss on mitochondria in the human colon are not known. We are using weight loss following bariatric surgery to investigate the effects of altered adiposity on mitochondrial structure and function in human colonocytes. In summary, there is strong and consistent evidence in model systems and more limited evidence in human subjects that over-feeding and/or obesity result in mitochondrial dysfunction and that weight loss might mitigate or reverse some of these effects.
Environmental factors may influence interseeded annual ryegrass and red clover establishment and growth more than soil residual herbicide applications
Authors: Stanton Victoria L. , Haramoto Erin R.
Published: March 2019

Integrating multiple weed management (cultural, physical, chemical) strategies is often recommended to combat herbicide resistance. With the increased use of interseeded cover crops, the effects of PRE herbicides on their establishment and growth require study. An investigation was conducted in Lexington, KY, in 2016 through 2018 to assess the extent to which commonly used PRE corn herbicide combinations influenced interseeded red clover and annual ryegrass establishment and growth. Annual ryegrass density was reduced 29% at 3 wk after interseeding by the combination of residual dimethenamid-P and atrazine; however, biomass the following spring was not affected by herbicide combinations. Neither density of interseeded red clover at 2 to 3 wk after interseeding nor biomass prior to termination the following spring were influenced by herbicide combinations. However, red clover density was affected by herbicide treatment 5 wk after interseeding in 2016. These results could have been influenced by low summer survival, particularly in 2016. The environmental factors may have influenced the survival of the interseeded cover crops more than the PRE herbicides. This study suggests that multiple PRE herbicides can be used with minimal risk to interseeded red clover or annual ryegrass. However, the influence of the environment on establishment and survival of interseeded cover crops following the use of PRE herbicides requires further study.