bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Μορφές «επανίδρυσης του Ισλάμ» στη νεότερη και σύγχρονη εποχή
Authors: Κουργιώτης Παναγιώτης
Published: July 2014

Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει τις συνθήκες γέννησης και την ιστορική εξέλιξη διάφορων ισλαμικών, φονταμενταλιστικών κινημάτων στον κόσμο του Σουννιτικού Ισλάμ κατά την περίοδο της εξάπλωσης της ευρωπαϊκής αποικιοκρατίας και της επαφής των παραδοσιακών κοινωνιών με την εισαγόμενη νεωτερικότητα. Ξεκινώντας από το πουριτανικό κίνημα του Ουαχαμπισμού στην Αραβία του 19ου αιώνα, η έρευνα παρακολουθεί τις διαδρομές του μηνύματος της «Ισλαμικής Μεταρρύθμισης» στις αδελφότητες και τα πνευματικά κινήματα της Βορείου Αφρικής στις πόλεις και την ύπαιθρο, ανασυνθέτοντας το ευρύ εκείνο ιστορικό πλαίσιο του κόσμου, όπου θα εμφανίζονταν οι ισλαμικές οργανώσεις στα νεότευκτα αραβικά κράτη του Μεσοπολέμου. Μέρος του κόσμου αυτού υπήρξε και η Αίγυπτος, όπου γεννήθηκε η πρώτη οργάνωση των Ισλαμιστών, η Μουσουλμανική Αδελφότητα το 1928. Μέσω συγκριτικών προσεγγίσεων, η έρευνα προσπαθεί να δείξει τις ιστορικές συνέχειες και ασυνέχειες μεταξύ όλων αυτών των κινημάτων. Παρά την ύπαρξη ενός κοινού αιτήματος για μια «επανίδρυση του Ισλάμ», η έρευνα αποδεικνύει, ότι το ίδιο αίτημα εκφράστηκε πολλές φορές με διαφορετικούς όρους κι απέκτησε ένα διαφορετικό περιεχόμενο. Αυτό συνέβη λόγω των διαφορετικών ιστορικών υποκειμένων, που εξέφρασαν το αίτημα αυτό, αλλά και λόγω του διαφορετικού βαθμού επαφής τους με την ίδια τους την παράδοση και τη νεωτερικότητα. Για παράδειγμα, οι Ουαχαμπίτες και οι Σαλαφιστές μίλησαν για «επανίδρυση του Ισλάμ» με όρους ενός πολέμου κατά των ειδώλων κι εξαγνισμού των ηθών, ωστόσο οι Αδελφοί Μουσουλμάνοι πρότειναν την «επανίδρυση του Ισλάμ» ως ένα πρόγραμμα για την αντιμετώπιση των προβλημάτων της κοινωνίας του καιρού τους, εφάμιλλο των άλλων ιδεολογιών. Η ιδεολογική μεταμόρφωση του Ισλάμ δημιούργησε το μοντέρνο φαινόμενο του Ισλαμισμού, το οποίο αποτέλεσε και την πιο νεωτερική έκφραση του Ισλαμικού Φονταμενταλισμού. Λαμβάνοντας υπ’ όψιν τα δυσδιάκριτα όρια μεταξύ θεολογίας και ιδεολογίας, η παρούσα διατριβή προσπαθεί να δείξει, ότι ο Ισλαμικός Φονταμενταλισμός δεν είναι ένα ενιαίο φαινόμενο, αλλά μία τάση με πολλές διαφορετικές όψεις. Για τον σκοπό αυτό υιοθετήθηκαν δύο επίπεδα ανάλυσης: το οργανωτικό και το ιδεολογικό. Η παρουσίαση αυτών των φορέων και των αιτημάτων τους λαμβάνει χώρα παράλληλα με την ιστορική αποκατάσταση του κόσμου τους. Έτσι η μεγάλη ιστορία συνδέεται με την μικρή και ο αναγνώστης αποκωδικοποιεί εν τέλει τις υλικές και τις πνευματικές προϋποθέσεις εμφάνισης του υπό εξέταση φαινομένου.
Διερεύνηση της επίδρασης της ρουπαταδίνης στην έκφραση φλεγμονογόνων και φλεγμονολυτικών παραγόντων στον κερατοειδή του κονίκλου, μετά από οξεία έκθεση σε τεχνητό ηλιακό φως
Authors: Βαρσαμίδου Ευτέρπη
Published: July 2014

Η οξεία έκθεση των οφθαλμικών ιστών στο φυσικό ή το τεχνητό φως είναι δυνατόν να προκαλέσει φλεγμονώδεις απαντήσεις όπως η φωτοκερατίτιδα, η φωτοεπιπεφυκίτιδα και η πρόσθια ραγοειδίτιδα. Οι βλάβες αυτές αποδίδονται κυρίως στην υπεριώδη ακτινοβολία τύπου Β (UVB). Στην παρούσα διατριβή χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένα μοντέλο οξείας έκθεσης των οφθαλμών του κονίκλου σε τεχνητό ηλιακό φως, ώστε να μελετηθεί η πιθανή επαγωγή μεταβολών στην αρχιτεκτονική του κερατοειδή χιτώνα και του επιπεφυκότα, όπως και η έκφραση επιλεγμένων γονιδίων που σχετίζονται με την φλεγμονώδη απάντηση. Ακόμη μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της τοπικής εφαρμογής της ρουπαταδίνης, ενός αντιισταμινικού φαρμάκου και ανταγωνιστή του υποδοχέα του παράγοντα ενεργοποίησης των αιμοπεταλίων (PAFR). Κόνικλοι New Zealand albino ακινητοποιήθηκαν απέναντι από μια λυχνία 300W Osram Ultra-Vitalux® η οποία έχει φάσμα εκπομπής παρόμοιο με αυτό του ηλιακού φωτός και εκτέθηκαν για 30 min σε UVB ακτινοβολία 7,500 Jm-1, στην περιοχή του αναφερόμενου ουδού έκθεσης για την πρόκληση βλάβης στον κερατοειδή χιτώνα. Τεμάχια κερατοειδούς και τρίτου βλέφαρου αφαιρέθηκαν από οφθαλμούς κονίκλων οι οποίοι είχαν εκτεθεί στην ακτινοβολία, 2, 6 και 24 ώρες μετά την έκθεση και στη συνέχεια υποβλήθηκαν σε επεξεργασία κατάλληλη για ιστοχημική χρώση και απομόνωση RNA. Η έκφραση γονιδίου του παράγοντα νέκρωσης των όγκων (TNF), της ιντερλευκίνης 6 (IL-6), του PAFR, της κυκλοοξυγονάσης 2 (COX2) και της λιποοξυγονάσης 12 (ALOX12) προσδιορίστηκε με συμβατική RT-PCR. Διάλυμα φουμαρικής ρουπαταδίνης σε διμεθυλοσουλφοξείδιο (DMSO), εφαρμόστηκε τοπικά στους οφθαλμούς των κονίκλων σε συγκέντρωση 0,1%, παρόμοια με αυτήν που χρησιμοποιείται σε οφθαλμικά σκευάσματα αντιισταμινικών σε κλινική χρήση, 2 ώρες πριν και μετά την έκθεση στην ακτινοβολία. Στον κερατοειδή ανιχνεύτηκαν, με κλασική χρώση ηωσίνης-αιματοξυλίνης, μόνον περιορισμένες μεταβολές ως αποτέλεσμα της οξεάις έκθεσης στο τεχνητό φως. Αντίθετα, στον επιπεφυκότα του τρίτου βλέφαρου παρατηρήθηκε ήδη από την δεύτερη ώρα μετά την έκθεση στην ακτινοβολία, κυτταρική διήθηση από ηωσινόφιλα πολυμορφοπύρηνα, κατευθυνόμενη προς το άνω τμήμα της επιθηλιακής στιβάδας, η οποία φαίνεται να έχει υποχωρήσει κατά την 24η ώρα μετά την έκθεση. Σε ότι αφορά την έκφραση των γονιδίων που μελετήθηκαν, δεν ανιχνεύτηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές, με μόνη διαφορά την αύξηση της έκφρασης του COX2 που παρατηρήθηκε στον κερατοειδή χιτώνα κατά την δεύτερη ώρα μετά την έκθεση στην ακτινοβολία. Η τοπική εφαρμογή της ρουπαταδίνης στους οφθαλμούς δεν επηρέασε τη διήθηση των ηωσινόφιλων στην επιθηλιακή στιβάδα του επιπεφυκότα του τρίτου βλέφαρου που παρατηρήθηκε κατά τη δεύτερη ώρα μετά την έκθεση στην ακτινοβολία. Από τα γονίδια που μελετήθηκαν, μόνον η έκφραση γονιδίου του PAFR ελαττώθηκε οριακά, στον κερατοειδή και το τρίτο βλέφαρο, ως αποτέλεσμα της τοπικής εφαρμογής της ρουπαταδίνης.
System Analysis and Modeling of Potentially Hazardous Operating Procedures
Authors: Майструк  , Maystruk A. , Боркин  , Borkin V.
Published: July 2014

The article addresses system analysis and modeling of potentially hazardous operating procedures as ergatic systems. It presents a mathematical model of a potentially hazardous process; thus allows to comprehensively evaluate functional state of human operator and reliability of technical systems.
CFD SIMULATION OF VERTICAL SEVEN-ROD BUNDLE COOLED WITH SUPERCRITICAL FREON-12
Authors: Huang X. , Podila K. , Rao Y.F.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a seven-rod bare bundle was simulated using ANSYS Fluent 6.3.26 to accurately predict the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviour under supercritical flow conditions. Seven turbulence models were compared to identify the appropriate model to predict the experiments performed at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering on a vertically oriented seven-rod bare bundle cooled with supercritical Freon-12. It was found that predictions of wall temperatures and heat transfer coefficients are sensitive to the choice of turbulence model as well as to the near-wall treatment. Overall, the CFD simulations were able to predict the measured sheath temperature profiles along the length of the bundle within reasonable accuracy.
Desarrollos para la Industrialización. Aceites Vegetales: un Recurso Poco Explotado
Authors: Baltanás Miguel Angel
Published: July 2014

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La Dimensión Económico-Institucional en el Rediseño del Federalismo Fiscal Argentino
Authors: Asensio Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2014

El planteo del ensayo consiste en sugerir la necesidad de conciliar los aspectos económicos e institucionales a la hora de diseñar un esquema de federalismo fiscal, lo que se refuerza con referencia al caso argentino, cuya reforma es una tarea inconclusa. Se esbozan los antecedentes teóricos, la experiencia internacional comparada y las vías de cambio percibidas para la Argentina.
La Cesación de Pagos en Empresas Constructoras: Un Enfoque Multicausal
Authors: Dutto Martín L. , Beltrán Carlos
Published: July 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es generar un modelo multicausal que permita predecir la cesación de pagos de empresas constructoras. Para construir el mismo se tomó como evidencia empírica información de 86 empresas clasificadas a priori en dos grupos de 43, según en el período hayan experimentado o no serios problemas financieros. Luego del procesamiento econométrico se obtuvo la función integrada por las variables Activo/Ventas, Disponibilidades/Deuda corto plazo y Deuda/Activo, cuyos signos resultan lógicos de acuerdo con lo previsto por la teoría. Asimismo, el modelo tiene una efectividad del 70%, la cual se considera razonable.
De Actividades de Innovación y su Presencia en Pymes Santafesinas
Authors: Ambrosini Marcela S. , Bayonés Marcela G. , Rodriguez Falbo Natalia
Published: July 2014

La asimilación y la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías son cuestiones ineludibles al pensar en la permanencia y/o crecimiento de las empresas en el mercado. El reconocimiento de la innovación como ventaja competitiva sustentable es creciente y las Pymes requieren de estrategias que contemplen competencias y habilidades para mejorar su competitividad. Si bien el objeto de la transferencia de tecnología es el conocimiento, la viabilidad de un proceso con dinámica sistémica involucra una multiplicidad de instituciones, organismos y agentes; requiere de adaptaciones de productos, procesos y técnicas de gestión, y demanda la difusión de diseños alternativos para la inserción en diferentes mercados. Todas éstas cuestiones relevantes a contemplar por las Pymes cuando enfrentan el desafío de concretar la novedad en el mercado. En este marco, el texto que se presenta tiene por objetivo retomar parte de los resultados alcanzados y divulgados en el proyecto CAI+D 2005 “Estrategias de competitividad de Pymes de la región”. En tal sentido, la estructura de abordaje de este trabajo responde a tres aspectos: inicialmente se tratan los conceptos de innovación y competitividad en general y en las Pymes en particular. En una segunda parte se presentan los resultados obtenidos en entrevistas realizadas a 75 Pymes de Santa Fe. Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones que se obtuvieron en el escenario de innovación en el que se desenvuelven las Pymes de nuestra región.
Cointegración y Simetrías en Precios. El Caso del Dulce de Leche en Santa Fe y Rosario
Authors: Guiguet E. D. , Rossini G.
Published: July 2014

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la forma en que están cointegrados los precios minoristas de un producto típico argentino como es el dulce de leche, y el de su insumo básico, la leche cruda, en los mercados de Santa Fe y Rosario en el período 1996-2005, y la simetría en su ajuste de corto plazo. Se utiliza un análisis de cointegración no lineal con los modelos TAR y MTAR. Los resultados confirman la existencia de cointegración en ambas ciudades, y asimetría en los ajustes en el corto plazo en Santa Fe. Además que la transmisión de los cambios de precios es más rápida cuando los márgenes de comercialización disminuyen que cuando se incrementan.
Relevancia de la Enseñanza de la Probabilidad
Authors: Agnelli Héctor
Published: July 2014

La Probabilidad tiene ganado un lugar dentro de los programas de estudio de Matemática en la escuela y en los cursos iniciales de Estadística en las universidades pero por distintas razones su enseñanza queda diluida. En este trabajo se intenta contribuir a señalar la relevancia de su enseñanza mostrando la importancia que tiene en la vida cotidiana de las personas, por su importancia en el marco de la historia de las ideas científicas, por sus complejas relaciones entre intuiciones y teorías normativas y por su prolífica relación entre teorías y aplicaciones. Para la Probabilidad en el aula se propone trabajar con problemas que permitan promover la discusión de los elementos básicos de la naturaleza aleatoria del fenómeno a modelar, vincular la Probabilidad con otras ramas de la matemática y confrontar los resultados obtenidos con situaciones reales. Se discute y enfatiza la importancia que tienen las distintas interpretaciones de la Probabilidad tanto en la asignación de probabilidades como en el análisis de resultados.
Devaluación y Cambios en la Estructura Productiva. Argentina Post Convertibilidad
Authors: Perticarari Néstor , Hauque Sergio , Oberto Santiago
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo es una aplicación concreta del modelo conocido como de bienes transables y no transables (T-NT) a la realidad argentina luego del abandono del tipo de cambio fijo bajo régimen de convertibilidad que primó desde 1992 hasta finales de 2001, con el objetivo concreto de verificar si los postulados de dicho modelo se cumplen, contando que a cuatro años de producida la brusca depreciación que implicó la salida del mencionado régimen son tiempo suficiente para comenzar a mensurar sus efectos sobre el tipo de cambio real, sobre los precios relativos entre los bienes transables y no transables y también verificar si la estructura productiva viró hacia una mayor participación relativa de bienes transables dentro de la misma. Dentro del mismo se aborda también el impacto que tuvo como ajuste de la absorción agregada de la economía y sus componentes externo y del resto del mundo, dado que este también es un postulado de dicho modelo, aunque en este caso compartido con otras teorías que analizan los procesos de ajuste ante el sobreendeudamiento externo y las variaciones que presuponen entre distintos componentes de la demanda agregada.
Antropología Económica: una Reseña Introductoria
Authors: Demonte Norberto G.
Published: July 2014

El artículo expone las principales perspectivas teóricas de la antropología económica, entendida como el estudio de los procesos de producción, distribución, circulación y consumo enlas sociedades precapitalistas. Se presenta a la antropología económica comoun área de complementación de esfuerzos entre economistas, historiadores y antropólogos, resaltando su importancia en las facultades de ciencias económicas. Se comentan brevemente las cuestiones fundamentales de esta ciencia,tales como la discusión sobre el carácter abstracto de la economía, la polémica entre sustantivistas y formalistas, los aportes dediversos estudios etnográficos, la perspectiva de la escuela marxista y la controversia entre materialistas y culturalistas. Finalmente, el trabajo detalla las líneas de investigación en América Latina y en Argentina y brinda una abundante bibliografía para profundizar los aspectos de interés para el investigador.
¡De sexo sí se habla! Talleres de educación sexual y de género para adolescentes
Authors: Gosende Eduardo , Salmún Feijóo Carlos Gustavo , Carassai Mariela Andrea , López María Mercedes
Published: July 2014

La tarea de extensión que hemos denominado Talleres de Educación Sexual y Género se realiza desde agosto de 2010 en escuelas secundarias del sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires, de los partidos de Quilmes, Berazategui y Florencio Varela, próximos a la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), en el marco del convenio entre las autoridades educativas, la Jefatura Regional de escuelas IV, y las carreras de Profesorados de la UNQ. Desde setiembre de 2011 ya funcionamos como un Proyecto de Extensión de UNQ con un equipo de diez miembros y desde comienzos de 2012 nos identificamos como el Proyecto: ¡De sexo sí se habla! Los talleres se diseñan y coordinan desde los actuales lineamientos curriculares de la educación media de la provincia de Buenos que se ajustan a la Ley Nacional 26150, Res CDF/08, la cual sienta las bases del Programa Nacional de Educación Sexual Integral.
Quadratic Chabauty:p-adic heights and integral points on hyperelliptic curves
Authors: Balakrishnan Jennifer S. , Besser Amnon , Müller J. Steffen
Published: July 2014

We give a formula for the component atpof thep-adic height pairing of a divisor of degree 0 on a hyperelliptic curve. We use this to give a Chabauty-like method for findingp-adic approximations top-integral points on such curves when the Mordell–Weil rank of the Jacobian equals the genus. In this case we get an explicit bound for the number of suchp-integral points, and we are able to use the method in explicit computation. An important aspect of the method is that it only requires a basis of the Mordell–Weil group tensored withℚ$\mathbb{Q}$.
Associated Factors for Non-Ischemic Serum Myoglobin Release After Cardiac Surgical Procedures
Authors: Arndt-H Kiessling , Florian Grohmann , A Stock Ulrich , Andres Beiras-Fernandez , Angela Kornberger , Anton Moritz
Published: July 2014

Background: Myoglobin has become established as a serum marker of myocardial injury. However, myoglobin levels can increase exponentially without any correlation to postoperative clinical ischemia symptoms. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the associated factors for a non-ischemic myoglobin release.

Methods: We performed a data analysis from 532 consecutive cardiac surgery patients (2010 to 2011, 73% males; age 65 � 11 years). Non-ischemic myoglobin elevation was defined as CK-MB <50 U/l and/or the absence of any ischemic clinical events (eg, myocardial infarction, mesenteric vascular occlusion).

Results: Using a multifactorial model, predictive elements and associated factors for non-ischemic myoglobin increase were male sex, ejection fraction < 30%, BMI > 30 and transfusions. Serum myoglobin was not significantly different in patients with high muscle mass.

Conclusions: A non-ischemic serum myoglobin release is rare, but could be associated in subgroups of patients. Further investigations should focus on clinical targets, for example, concomitant medications for which our study was not powered.
TandemHeart Device as Rescue Therapy in the Management of Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Neragi-Miandoab Siyamek , Goldstein Daniel , D'Alessandro David A.
Published: July 2014

Background: The TandemHeart device (THD) is a pump system that can be deployed percutaneously (PC) or via conventional surgical (CS) cannulation; it is capable of supporting one or both ventricles. It is a versatile system designed for use as a rescue device in acute heart failure and as a bridge to decision in moribund patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients who underwent a THD implant; either PC or CS; at our institution. Univariate analysis was done using Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous ones.

Results: 51 adult patients were identified: 10 PC and 41 CS. Mean age was 58.9 � 12.8 years, and 31% were female. In hospital mortality was 61%. Univariate predictors of death were prolonged support (74% versus 46%, P = .04) and higher lactic acid levels (5.3 � 4.9 versus 2.3 � 1.9 mmol/L, P = .012). The length of stay (LOS) for survivors was 59.8 � 30.0 days.

Conclusion: Uni- or bi-ventricular unloading can be successfully achieved using the THD, either trans-thoracically or percutaneously, with an acceptable complication profile.
Pore characteristics and mechanical properties of silica templated by wood
Authors: Fritz-Popovski Gerhard , Morak Roland , Schöberl Thomas , Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Zollfrank Cordt , Paris Oskar
Published: July 2014

The pore characteristics and the mechanical properties of silica samples templated by wood were investigated. The wood samples had been either solely extracted with solvent, delignified or delignified and functionalized with maleic acid anhydride prior to infiltration with tetraethyl orthosilicate and subsequent calcination. All three samples show similar mesopore characteristics, while the one based on maleic acid anhydride functionalized wood exhibited also a large volume of micropores. These micropores are only partly accessible as shown by a combination of in situ small angle x-ray scattering and sorption experiments with n-pentane. Nanoindentation experiments reveal that the presence of the micropores decreases the indentation hardness of the material, while the reduced elastic modulus is similar for all three samples when taking mesoporosity properly into account. In addition, the micropores enhance the ductility index of the material. The microporosity introduced by this biotemplating approach proves to be advantageous for increasing the toughness of silica, as the material can dissipate more energy by irreversible collapse of the pores.
Asymmetric Responses to Earnings News: A Case for Ambiguity
Authors: Williams Christopher D.
Published: July 2014

This study empirically examines the role of shocks to macro-uncertainty in shaping the responses of stock market participants to firm-specific earnings news. Specifically, I find that investors place greater weight on bad news following an increase in macro-uncertainty. By contrast, I find that investors place equal weight on both good and bad news following a decrease in macro-uncertainty. Furthermore, my findings show that these effects are more pronounced (1) for firms whose prior returns are more correlated with macro-uncertainty, (2) for firms that experience abnormally low trading volume during the earnings announcement, (3) for firms with relatively lower levels of institutional ownership, and (4) for firms with relatively higher information uncertainty. In sum, these findings provide novel empirical evidence that investors behave in a manner consistent with ambiguity aversion, with the effects strongest among unsophisticated investors.
Construction of new GFP-tagged fusants for Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced biocontrol activity
Authors: Kowsari Mojegan , Motallebi Mostafa , Zamani Reza Mohammad
Published: July 2014

Trichoderma is one of the most exploited biocontrol agents for the management of plant diseases. In biocontrol ecology, the critical factors are detection, and the monitoring and recovery of specific biocontrol agents either naturally present or deliberately released into the environment. Protoplast fusion is an appropriate tool for the improvement of biocontrol Trichoderma strains. Protoplast isolation from Trichoderma harzianum was achieved using 24 h culture age, 6.6 mg/ml Novazym L 1412 at 30°C which resulted the maximum protoplast yield of 5 × 108/ml. The self-fused protoplasts were regenerated and 12 fusants were selected based on their growth rate on 2% colloidal chitin medium. Next, a comparison was done for chitinase and antagonistic activity. Transcriptomic analysis based on quantitative real-time RT-PCR, demonstrated that T8-05 fusant expressed 1.5 fold of chit42 transcript as compared with the parental line. This fusant with 7.02±0.15U chitinase activity showed a higher growth inhibition rate (100%) than the parent strain, against Rhizoctonia solani. To obtain a genetically marked fusant that can be used as a biomonitor, the fusant was cotransformed with the gfp and amdS genes. The morphology and viability of selected cotransformant (FT8-7MK-05-2) was similar to the parent. Green fluorescing conidia were observed within the first 2 days of incubation in the soil, and this was followed by the formation of chlamydopores after 60 days. The colonisation of the gfp-tagged fusant was also monitored visually on R. solani sclerotia by scanning electron microscopy. Production of gfp-tagged fusant of Trichoderma spp. provides a potentially useful tool for monitoring hyphal growth patterns and the population of biocontrol agent isolates introduced into environmental systems.
Comparison of mineral spray oil, Confidor, Dursban, and Abamectin used for the control of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), and an evaluation of the activity of this pest in citrus orchards in northern Iran
Authors: Damavandian Mohammad Reza , Moosavi Seyedeh Fatemeh Kiaeian
Published: July 2014

The efficacy of three types of mineral spray oil (MSO), and Abamectin plus MSO to control the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton were compared with the conventional broad spectrum pesticides, Confidor, and Dursban, in two citrus orchards in northern Iran. Differences were found among the various concentrations of MSO in the number of mines and live larva per leaf, sampled 5 days after the application of 3 sprays at an interval of 5 days. Mineral spray oil applied at a rate of ≥ 0.65% in water, showed no significant differences when compared with Confidor, and Dursban. Abamectin plus MSO at a rate of 0.02% plus 0.50% in water respectively, provided the highest level of control and reduced the population of larva up to 85%. Generally, a concentration of ≥ 0.65% MSO in water caused a significant damage reduction. However, by reducing the MSO concentration, the rate of control was decreased. In another field experiment conducted in mature citrus orchards, the effect of two pest management types (applying just MSO vs. usage of synthetic pesticides) on the activity of P. citrella, was evaluated. The comparison results indicated that there is more P. citrella damage in orchards under pressure of synthetic pesticides than in orchards in which the synthetic pesticides were eliminated for years.
Sublethal effects of some synthetic and botanical insecticides on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Esmaeily Saeideh , Samih Mohammad Amin , Zarabi Mehdi , Jafarbeigi Fatemeh
Published: July 2014

In addition to direct mortality caused by insecticides, some biological traits of insects may also be affected by sublethal insecticide doses. In this study, we used the age-stage, two-sex life table method to evaluate the sublethal effects of the four synthetic insecticides: abamectin, imidacloprid, diazinon, and pymetrozin as well as the botanical insecticide taken from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) extract, on eggs of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae). The lowest and highest survival rates and oviposition periods were observed in whiteflies treated by diazinon and imidacloprid, respectively. We found significant differences in the net reproductive rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (?), and the gross reproductive rate (GRR) among different insecticides. Altogether, our results showed that pymetrozin and C. procera induced the most sublethal effects, thus they may be suitable candidates for use in integrated pest management programs of B. tabaci.
Sports Tourism
Authors: Gozalova Marina , Shchikanov Alexey , Vernigor Aleksandr , Bagdasarian Vardan
Published: July 2014

Introduction
. This article is devoted to sports tourism. The purpose of this article is to examine theoretical material on sports tourism, to analyze sports tourism in Russia and to search for promising areas for the study of sports tourism in our country.
Material and methods
. In this part the authors develop the idea of the role of doing sports and keeping fit. For anyone who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part of their lives.
Results
. The purpose of this research is to study theoretical material on sports tourism, to analyze sports tourism in Russia and to search for promising areas for the study of sports tourism in our country. On the basis of their research the authors come to the conclusion that sports and tourism are interconnected. There are important factors affecting the situation of sports tourism in Russia. The paper examines sports tourism attractions in Russia.
Conclusion
. The authors conclude that there exists a high correlation dependence of foreign and domestic development of sports tourism on resources allocated for sports infrastructure. All in all, sports tourism tours draw visitors to their favorite sporting event, facility, or destination throughout the world.
Investments in Recreational and Sports Infrastructure aS A Basis for the Development of Sports Tourism On the Example of Spa Municipalities
Authors: Hadzik Andrzej , Grabara Małgorzata
Published: July 2014

Introduction
. Among the basic conditions for the development of tourism in spa municipalities, investments in different infrastructure, including recreational and sports facilities should be distinguished. The aim of this work was to show the scope and the financing of sports and recreational investments in selected spa municipalities in Poland.
Material and methods
. The article uses the diagnostic survey method. The surveys were carried out in June 2012 among the representatives of the selected spa municipalities with the use of a specially prepared questionnaire.
Results
. The municipalities covered in this research declared carrying out investments in recreational and sports infrastructure, most often in football pitches. During the survey the highest number of investments of this type were conducted in Kołobrzeg. Among other recreational and sports projects, one of the most popular was investing in cycling routes. The research on the sources of financing of investments in recreational and sports infrastructure shows that almost all municipalities declared using funds from their own income. Furthermore, most of the analyzed municipalities used resources from the European Union. Other sources of financing were not that popular.
Conclusion
. In the time of apparent competitiveness and globalization of the spa market, recreational and sports facilities are very important. The authors believe that sports tourism can be one of the forms of health tourism in spas. The conducted research of spa municipalities has proved that:

- major recreational and sports investments covered sports fields, mainly football pitches and cycling routes,

- the primary sources of financing in the analyzed municipalities turned out to be their own income and resources from the EU.
Effect of Differing PowerPoint Slide Design on Multiple-Choice Test Scores for Assessment of Knowledge and Retention in a Theriogenology Course
Authors: Root Kustritz Margaret V.
Published: July 2014

Third-year veterinary students in a required theriogenology diagnostics course were allowed to self-select attendance at a lecture in either the evening or the next morning. One group was presented with PowerPoint slides in a traditional format (T group), and the other group was presented with PowerPoint slides in the assertion-evidence format (A-E group), which uses a single sentence and a highly relevant graphic on each slide to ensure attention is drawn to the most important points in the presentation. Students took a multiple-choice pre-test, attended lecture, and then completed a take-home assignment. All students then completed an online multiple-choice post-test and, one month later, a different online multiple-choice test to evaluate retention. Groups did not differ on pre-test, assignment, or post-test scores, and both groups showed significant gains from pre-test to post-test and from pre-test to retention test. However, the T group showed significant decline from post-test to retention test, while the A–E group did not. Short-term differences between slide designs were most likely unaffected due to required coursework immediately after lecture, but retention of material was superior with the assertion-evidence slide design.
Salesmanin Abu Dhabi: The Geopathology of Objects
Authors: Riordan Kevin
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:

In Theater Mitu’s Abu Dhabi production of Death of a Salesman, most of the parts were played by physical objects. With their meticulous attention to the material relationships onstage, Mitu reveals how Salesman – and modern drama, more generally – moves and is made to move unevenly in the global repertory. Spurred by this production, the article puts into conversation the recent critical discourses on global theatre and performing objects. Global studies of theatre, as they accumulate their examples, tend to distance themselves critically from individual performances as performances. The study of performing objects, in a sense, checks these more sweeping critical tendencies by reminding us of the obstinate materiality, contingency, and strangeness of live theatre. In its defamiliarization of a familiar tragedy, Mitu’s Salesman negotiates this methodological difference and illuminates the physical ways that performance moves onstage and off, and both in and out of our critical gaze.
Flavonoids and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: Potential Role in Colorectal Cancer Therapies
Authors: Amado Nathália , Predes Danilo , Moreno Marcela , Carvalho Igor , Mendes Fábio , Abreu José
Published: July 2014

It is now well documented that natural products have played an important role in anticancer therapy. Many studies focus on the ability of these natural compounds to modulate tumor-related signaling pathways and the relationship of these properties to an anticancer effect. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death among men and women. Therefore, finding strategies to fight against CRC is an emergent health problem. CRC has a strong association with deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As some types of natural compounds are capable of modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, one important question is whether they could counteract CRC. In this review, we discuss the role of flavonoids, a class of natural compounds, on Wnt/β-catenin regulation and its possible potential for therapeutic usage on colorectal cancer.
COALITION OR DECENTRALIZATION: A GAME-THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF A THREE-ECHELON SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK
Authors: Mahdiraji Hannan Amoozad , Govindan Kannan , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Hajiagha Seyed Hossein Razavi
Published: July 2014

Supply chains have become the major and dominant paradigm of business and competition. The main challenge is how to act in multi-echelon supply chains considering the levels involved. Making a choice independently or integrating with some or all levels will be a critical decision, and therefore affects the overall profit of the chain. This article proposes a non-cooperative game theory approach to helping in making a better decision in the supply chain and gaining the most accessible benefit. Our research considers unlimited three-echelon supply chains with S suppliers, M manufacturers and K retailers. The Nash equilibrium and definition are used bearing in mind inventory and pricing and marketing cost as decision variables for this matter. This paper studies a three-echelon supply chain network and focuses on the value of integrating a pair of partners in the chain. In the decentralized case, the supplier sets its own price, the manufacturer points out order quantity, wholesale price and backorder quantity, and the retailer charges the final retail price of the product and marketing product. Though there are multiple players at a single echelon level, each manufacturer supplies only a specific product to a given retailer. In addition to the decentralized case, two integration scenarios have been taken into account: manufacturer-retailer and supplier-manufacturer. As for manufacturer-retailer integration, inventory/holding cost issues diminish to a single warehouse and the retailer does not have to enforce marketing effort any more. Supplier-manufacturer integration brings similar benefits. Under each scenario, all parties involved simultaneously set their strategies. Through a numerical experiment, 17 design cases (through designing experiments) have been developed and the total profit of the supply chain under each scenario has been evaluated. Statistical tests on the above introduced 17 experiments have found that the decentralized system performs significantly worse than the integration of the supplier with the manufacturer, whereas no significant difference can be observed regarding other combinations.
From maturity to old age: tasks of daily life require a different muscle use in horses
Authors: Zsoldos R.R. , Krüger B. , Licka T.F.
Published: July 2014

In vertebrates ageing is characterised by reduced viscoelasticity of the ligamentous and tendineous structures and fibre changes in muscle. Also, some vertebral joint degeneration develops with ageing. The aim of this study was to apply dynamic time warping to compare the temporal characteristics of the surface electromyography (sEMG) data and to illustrate the differences in the pattern of muscle use during tasks of daily life in old and mature horses. In vivo kinematics (24 skin markers) and sEMG measurements of neck extensors and flexors were taken in five mature horses (aged 10±2 years, half of mean life expectancy) and five old horses (aged 25±5 years, older than the mean life expectancy). All horses had the same level of activity in the 12 months prior to the measurement. Tasks measured were neck flexion and neck extension as well as neutral neck position. Muscle activation, minimum and maximum muscle activation were collected. Quartiles of muscle activity based on the maximum observed activity of each muscle were calculated to document the relative increase of activity level during the task. Kinematics as well as overall muscle activity patterns were similar across horses and age groups. However, in the neutral position old horses showed increased extensor activity compared to mature horses, indicating that old equine muscle requires more activity to counteract gravity. Dynamic time warping specified optimal temporal alignments of time series, and different temporal performances were identified. The age groups differed during the flexion task, while neck extension and neutral neck position were more similar. The results of this study show that even in the second half of life and in the absence of muscle disuse the muscular strategy employed by horses continues to be adapted.
Physiological stress responses and horse rider interactions in horses ridden by male and female riders
Authors: Ille N. , Aurich C. , Erber R. , Wulf M. , Palme R. , Aurich J. , von Lewinski M.
Published: July 2014

Traditionally, horse riding has been restricted to men but today equestrian sports are dominated by women. We hypothesised that men and women differ with regard to riding and the response they evoke in their horse. Cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV) were studied in male (n=8) and female riders (n=8) and in horses (n=8) ridden by men and women over a jumping course. Saliva for cortisol analysis was collected, cardiac beat to beat (RR) intervals were recorded and heart rate and HRV variables SDRR (standard deviation of RR interval) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR differences) calculated. In another experiment, saddle pressure was compared between male and female riders (n=5 each). Cortisol did not differ between male and female riders and increased in horses (P<0.001) irrespective of the sex of the rider. Heart rate in riders increased from walk to jumping (P<0.001) while HRV decreased (P<0.001) to the same extent in men and women. In horses, heart rate increased (P<0.001) and SDRR and RMSSD decreased during walk and remained low at trot and canter (P<0.001) irrespective of the riders’ sex. In trot (P<0.05) and canter (P<0.01) saddle pressure was slightly lower in female versus male riders. This is due to weight differences and not to a different seat. In conclusion, no fundamental differences existed in the physical effort, stress response and seat between male and female riders and in the response of horses to men and women.
Mittelalterliche Notationen und ihre Bedeutung für eine musikalische Interpretation in einstimmigen Gesängen
Authors: Engels Stefan
Published: July 2014

The performance of medieval music includes three different tasks: scholarly transcription of music manuscripts, interpretation of their meaninsg, and actual performance of music, which depends on the artist’s inspiration but may also be susceptible to the audience.
Izvajalska predloga ali umetniška izdelava: primer lutenjskih tabulatur Giacoma Gorzanisa
Authors: Bagarič Alenka
Published: July 2014

Članek problematizira namen in način transkribiranja lutenjskih tabulatur tržaškega lutnjista Giacoma Gorzanisa s srede 16. stoletja ter pomen tabulaturnega zapisa, ki v svoji izvirni obliki najpopolnejše združuje navodila za izvajalce in informacije o glasbeni vsebini.
Skupne fraze v traktih osmega modusa: poskus razlage tvorjenja gregorijanskih melodij
Authors: Grabnar Klemen
Published: July 2014

Traktom osmega modusa ni skupna le enaka modalna pripadnost, temveč je njihova povezanost vidna tudi v melodični tvarini – grajeni so namreč s skupnimi frazami. Na podlagi analize repertoarja je mogoče rekonstruirati proces njihovega snovanja. Prispevek prikazuje enega od možnih pogledov na to, kako so pred in v času zapisovanja glasbe obstajali in nastajali trakti osmega modusa.
Entertainment for officers, noblemen and citizens: three social initiators of the secular musical stage in Slavonia in the nineteenth century
Authors: Katalinić Vjera
Published: July 2014

Three representative social strata in Slavonia, Croatia organized and enjoyed secular musical theater during the nineteenth century: officers at the military fortress in Osijek, members of the aristocratic families and new wealthy citizens in Osijek. This article examines their organization, repertory and reception.
Stanje raziskanosti cerkvene glasbene dejavnosti na Slovenskem v drugi polovici 18. in začetku 19. stoletja
Authors: Škrjanc Radovan
Published: July 2014

Prispevek je zgoščen pregled stanja raziskanosti različnih področij cerkvenoglasbene dejavnosti na tleh današnje Republike Slovenije v obdobju druge polovice 18. inzačetku 19. stoletja. V prispevku so še na kratko analizirane glavne poteze dveh precej različnih načinov dosedanje zgodovinske interpretacije te dejavnosti, kot ju vsebujeta oba pomembnejša orisa zgodovine glasbe na Slovenskem, D. Cvetka in J. Höflerja. Podana sta tudi nabor potrebnih nalog, ki čakajo prihodnje preučevanje tega dela glasbene preteklosti pri nas, ter izbor relevantne domače in tuje (muzikološke) literature o njem, objavljene po letu 1950.
Glasbene zvrsti v srednjem veku na Slovenskem
Authors: Snoj Jurij
Published: July 2014

Pet različnih zvrsti glasbe je dokumentirano obstajalo na Slovenskem v srednjem veku: ustnoizročilna glasba v govorjenih jezikih, latinski koral, glagoljaško petje, srednjeveška polifonija in nemški minnesang. Po predstavitvi virov, njihove vsebine in po strnjenem prikazu dosedanjega vedenja se članek usmerja v razpravo o perspektivah študija in raziskovanja srednjeveškega korala na Slovenskem.
Pachelbels d-Moll-Ciacona als strukturelles Vorbild für eine Aemulatio: zur Form der Passacaglia in c-Moll von J. S. Bach
Authors: Peach Katarina Larissa
Published: July 2014

Many musicologists have discussed the influence of Buxtehude’s ostinato compositions on Johann Sebastian Bach’s Passacaglia in C minor, BWV 582. But Johann Pachelbel’s Ciacona in D minor seems to have had a much stronger effect on it: this piece served as the model for the structure of the Passacaglia.
Hans Gerstner (1851–1939) in koncept nacionalne glasbene kulture
Authors: Weiss Jernej
Published: July 2014

Pričujoči prispevek se osredotoča na delovanje Hansa Gerstnerja, enega najpomembnejših glasbenikov, ki so na Slovensko prišli iz čeških dežel. Ob obravnavi Gerstnerjevega življenja in dela, ki je predvsem posledica njegovega novo odkritega dnevnika, se med drugim zastavlja vprašanje o ustreznosti nekaterih kasnejših glasbenozgodovinskih interpretacij glasbenega dogajanja druge polovice 19. in začetka 20. stoletja na Slovenskem. Slednje so predvsem sledile t. i. konceptu nacionalne glasbene kulture. Tako se vedno bolj kaže potreba po reinterpretaciji nekaterih glasbenozgodovinskih poglavij iz omenjenega obdobja.
Mapping Human Enhancement Rhetoric
Authors: Thayer Kevin A.
Published: July 2014

This chapter raises ethical questions about the relationship between HET and the discourse of human enhancement technologies. Specifically, it explores some problems in mapping human enhancement rhetoric. In the first section, human enhancement rhetoric is defined. Questions are raised about the rhetorical act of re-defining “human enhancement” as a problem of self-descriptive narrative and performance measurement. In section two, various approaches and terms for mapping are presented as a way of underscoring the slippery qualities of human enhancement as a dynamic, expanding discourse. Section three explains the changing ethical positions for enhancement technology users through the concepts of “over claim,” “reacting to technology,” and “ethos.” In section four, boundary changes for HET users are discussed as a complex mapping of shifting concepts, discourse, and communities. In conclusion, the transition from human enhancement to transhuman enhancement is emphasized with suggestions for future research.
Super Soldiers (Part 2)
Authors: Lin Patrick , Mehlman Max , Abney Keith , French Shannon , Vallor Shannon , Galliott Jai , Burnam-Fink Michael , LaCroix Alexander R. , Schuknecht Seth
Published: July 2014

This is the second chapter of two on military human enhancement. In the first chapter, the authors outlined past and present efforts aimed at enhancing the minds and bodies of our warfighters with the broader goal of creating the “super soldiers” of tomorrow, all before exploring a number of distinctions—natural vs. artificial, external vs. internal, enhancement vs. therapy, enhancement vs. disenhancement, and enhancement vs. engineering—that are critical to the definition of military human enhancement and understanding the problems it poses. The chapter then advanced a working definition of enhancement as efforts that aim to “improve performance, appearance, or capability besides what is necessary to achieve, sustain, or restore health.” It then discussed a number of variables that must be taken into consideration when applying this definition in a military context. In this second chapter, drawing on that definition and some of the controversies already mentioned, the authors set out the relevant ethical, legal, and operational challenges posed by military enhancement. They begin by considering some of the implications for international humanitarian law and then shift to US domestic law. Following that, the authors examine military human enhancement from a virtue ethics approach, and finally outline some potential consequences for military operations more generally.
CDC Greenwater green field pea
Authors: Warkentin T. D. , Vandenberg A. , Tar’an B. , Banniza S. , Arganosa G. , Barlow B. , Ife S. , Horner J. , de Silva D. , Thompson M. , Parada M. , Wagenhoffer S. , Prado T.
Published: July 2014

Warkentin, T. D., Vandenberg, A., Tar’an, B., Banniza, S., Arganosa, G., Barlow, B., Ife, S., Horner, J., de Silva, D., Thompson, M., Parada, M., Wagenhoffer, S. and Prado, T. 2014. CDC Greenwater green field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1551–1553. CDC Greenwater, a green cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar, was released in 2014 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in Saskatchewan and Alberta through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Greenwater has good lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance, medium-sized seeds with round shape, good cotyledon bleaching resistance, and good yielding ability. CDC Greenwater is adapted to the field-pea- growing regions of western Canada.
Amenable groups with a locally invariant order are locally indicable
Authors: Linnell Peter , Witte Morris Dave
Published: July 2014

We show that every amenable group with a locally invariant partial order has a left-invariant total order (and is therefore locally indicable). We also show that if a group

G

admits a left-invariant total order, and

H

is a locally nilpotent subgroup of

G

, then a left-invariant total order on

G

can be chosen so that its restriction to

H

is both left-invariant and right-invariant. Both results follow from recurrence properties of the action of

G

on its binary relations.
On inverse semigroup $C^*$-algebras and crossed products
Authors: Milan David , Steinberg Benjamin
Published: July 2014

We describe the

C^*

-algebra of an

E

-unitary or strongly

0

-

E

-unitary inverse semigroup as the partial crossed product of a commutative

C^*

-algebra by the maximal group image of the inverse semigroup. We give a similar result for the

C^*

-algebra of the tight groupoid of an inverse semigroup. We also study conditions on a groupoid

C^*

-algebra to be Morita equivalent to a full crossed product of a commutative

C^*

-algebra with an inverse semigroup, generalizing results of Khoshkam and Skandalis for crossed products with groups.