bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for stroke in a population of Southern Brazil
Authors: Copstein Leslie , Fernandes Jefferson Gomes , Bastos Gisele Alsina Nader
Published: August 2013

Stroke is the leading cause of death in many countries of Latin America. Population studies are necessary in this region.Objectives:To evaluate the prevalence of stroke and its risk factors in a population of vulnerable communities of southern Brazil.Methods:Population-based crosssectional study with systematic sampling. Individuals aged 20 and over were included (n=3,391). Individuals with previous diagnosis of stroke or identified by a validate stroke questionnaire were compared with those without stroke in many variables.Results:285 individuals (8.4%) had previous stroke. The group without stroke showed greater average of years of study than the group with stroke (p≪0.001). Multivariable analysis identified as risk factors for stroke (p≪0.05): age from 40 to 59, age from 60 to 79, widowhood, present smoking, previous smoking, hypertension and ischemic heart disease.Conclusion:The findings in this population indicate the need of preventive cost-effective public health policies in Brazil.
Clinical spectrum of early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes: an autosomal recessive ataxia not to be missed
Authors: Pedroso Jose Luiz , Braga-Neto Pedro , Ricarte Irapua Ferreira , Albuquerque Marcus Vinicius Cristino , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas
Published: August 2013

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders. In 1981, a neurological entity comprised by early onset progressive cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, pyramidal weakness of the limbs and retained or increased upper limb reflexes and knee jerks was described. This disorder is known as early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes. In this article, we aimed to call attention for the diagnosis of early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes as the second most common cause of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias, after Friedreich ataxia, and also to perform a clinical spectrum study of this syndrome. In this data, 12 patients from different families met all clinical features for early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes. Dysarthria and cerebellar atrophy were the most common features in our sample. It is uncertain, however, whether early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes is a homogeneous disease or a group of phenotypically similar syndromes represented by different genetic entities. Further molecular studies are required to provide definitive answers to the questions that remain regarding early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes.
Multiparametric multidetector computed tomography scanning on suspicion of hyperacute ischemic stroke: validating a standardized protocol
Authors: Pacheco Felipe Torres , Rocha Antonio Jose da , Littig Ingrid Aguiar , Junior Antonio Carlos Martins Maia , Gagliardi Rubens Jose
Published: August 2013

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning has enabled the early diagnosis of hyperacute brain ischemia. We aimed at validating a standardized protocol to read and report MDCT techniques in a series of adult patients. The inter-observer agreement among the trained examiners was tested, and their results were compared with a standard reading. No false positives were observed, and an almost perfect agreement (Kappa>0.81) was documented when the CT angiography (CTA) and cerebral perfusion CT (CPCT) map data were added to the noncontrast CT (NCCT) analysis. The inter-observer agreement was higher for highly trained readers, corroborating the need for specific training to interpret these modern techniques. The authors recommend adding CTA and CPCT to the NCCT analysis in order to clarify the global analysis of structural and hemodynamic brain abnormalities. Our structured report is suitable as a script for the reproducible analysis of the MDCT of patients on suspicion of ischemic stroke.
Validity of the International HIV Dementia Scale in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Roiza Almeida , Oliveira Raquel Lisboa , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Silva Marcus Tulius T.
Published: August 2013

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Tests to detect HAND are needed for early diagnosis and treatment. Validity of International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) has been determined in different countries. The aims of this study were validate IHDS in a Brazilian cohort of HIV-patients and verify if IHDS can be reliably administered by a non-clinician health professional. One hundred and eighty-seven (187) patients were submitted to a full neuropsychological assessment. IHDS was administered twice to each patient (by a non-clinician and by a neurologist). HAND was diagnosed in 98 individuals (68 on HAART). IHDS had sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 80%. IHDS had fair agreement with neuropsychological tests (k 0.355) and moderate-to-strong agreement between different evaluators (interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.684). HAND is prevalent nowadays. IHDS is quick and easy to administer, but has marginal sensitivity for the detection of HIV cognitive impairment other than dementia.
Sequential motor task (Luria's Fist-Edge-Palm Test) in children with benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Miziara Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego , Manreza Maria Luiza Giraldes de , Mansur Leticia , Reed Umbertina Conti , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2013

This study evaluated the sequential motor manual actions in children with benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and compares the results with matched control group, through the application of Luria's fist-edge-palm test. The children with BECTS underwent interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and School Performance Test (SPT). Significant difference occurred between the study and control groups for manual motor action through three equal and three different movements. Children with lower school performance had higher error rate in the imitation of hand gestures. Another factor significantly associated with the failure was the abnormality in SPECT. Children with BECTS showed abnormalities in the test that evaluated manual motor programming/planning. This study may suggest that the functional changes related to epileptiform activity in rolandic region interfere with the executive function in children with BECTS.
Acido, ergo sum: Holger Hydén – the neuroscientist in Cortázar's Hopscotch
Authors: Delgado Guillermo , Estanol Bruno
Published: August 2013

The fictional Italian author Morelli is throughout the novel “Hopscotch” (1963) Julio Cortázar's alter ego. This character proposes an unoriginal literary hypothesis in chapter 62. There is an allusion to a particular Swedish that ‘is working on a chemical theory of thought.’ The Swedish neuroscientist under analysis is Holger Hydén (1917-2000), by then professor and chairman of the Department of Histology at the University of Göteborg. Hydén, who was the first to work in neurobiological micromethods, is mentioned by Morelli due to his participation in a symposium held at the end of January 1961, in San Francisco. His pioneering work will never be completely forgotten, because Hydén's neuroscientific legacy lives and will live in Cortázar's “Hopscotch”.
Exposure to pesticides and heterozygote genotype of GSTP1-Alw26I are associated to Parkinson's disease
Authors: Longo Gabriela S. , Pinhel Marcela S. , Sado Caroline L. , Gregório Michele L. , Amorim Gisele S. , Florim Greiciane S. , Mazeti Camila M. , Martins Denise P. , Oliveira Fábio N. , Tognola Waldir A. , Nakazone Marcelo A. , Souza Dorotéia R. S.
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the frequency of GSTP1-Alw26I polymorphism and to estimate its association with toxic substances in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA study group with 154 patients - subdivided into familial and sporadic PD groups - and 158 elderly individuals without the disease (control group) were evaluated. GSTP1-Alw26I polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).ResultsPatients were significantly more exposed to pesticides compared with the control group (p=0.0004), and the heterozygote genotype associated to exposure to pesticides also prevailed in patients (p=0.0001). Wild homozygote genotype was related to tobacco use (p=0.043) and alcoholism (p=0.033) in familial PD patients.ConclusionExposure to pesticides is associated to PD, whose effect can be enhanced when combined with the heterozygote genotype of GSTP1-Alw26I. Also, large genetic and environmental studies considering tobacco use, alcoholism, GSTP1 and PD are necessary to confirm our findings.
O trabalho do professor sob o ponto de vista dos gestos didáticos
Authors: Barros Eliana Merlin Deganutti de
Published: August 2013

Este artigo tem como foco o trabalho do professor sob o ponto de vista dos recentes estudos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (tanto no Brasil como no exterior), com enfoque especial para a problemática dos gestos didáticos. Para ilustrar as discussões teóricas, apresentamos uma análise do primeiro módulo da sequência didática do gênero "carta de reclamação", elaborada e desenvolvida a partir do enfoque colaborativo, num 6º ano da escola pública, durante o processo do nosso doutoramento. Essa análise foca o trabalho docente, pelo viés dos gestos didáticos (fundadores e específicos) na mobilização da ferramenta "sequência didática".
Markov models for community dynamics allowing for observation error
Authors: Fukaya Keiichi , Royle J. Andrew
Published: August 2013

Markov models are dynamic models that characterize transitions among discrete ecological states with transition probability matrices. Such models are widely used to infer community dynamics of sessile organisms because transition probabilities (the elements of transition probability matrices) can be estimated with time series data from “grid sampling,” where species occupancy states are assessed at multiple fixed points in a quadrat or transect. These estimates, however, are known to be biased when resampling error exists. In this study, we used the perspective of multistate dynamic occupancy models to develop a new Markov model that is structured hierarchically such that transitions among occupancy states and observation processes are considered explicitly at each fixed point. We show that, by adopting a hierarchical Bayesian approach, our model provides estimates for transition probabilities that are robust to sampling error. We also show that error rate may be estimated without additional data obtained from rapid repeated sampling. Considerations for the analysis for the application to real data set and potential extensions of the proposed model are discussed.
Prescribed burning in southern Europe: developing fire management in a dynamic landscape
Authors: Fernandes Paulo M , Davies G Matt , Ascoli Davide , Fernández Cristina , Moreira Francisco , Rigolot Eric , Stoof Cathelijne R , Vega José Antonio , Molina Domingo
Published: August 2013

Mediterranean landscapes are in a state of flux due to the impacts of changing land‐use patterns and climate. Fuel–weather interactions determine that large, severe wildfires are increasingly common. Prescribed burning in southern Europe is therefore justified by the need to manage fire‐prone vegetation types and maintain cultural landscapes that provide a range of ecosystem services. Prescribed fire has neutral or positive effects on soils and biodiversity, in contrast to wildfires, which can be extremely damaging. However, the limited extent of current applications are unlikely to reduce wildfire hazard or carbon emissions. Adoption of prescribed burning in the Mediterranean region has been slow, uneven, and inconsistent, and its development is constrained by cultural and socioeconomic factors as well as by specific factors related to demography, land use, and landscape structure. Sustainable fire management requires expansion of managers' ability to use prescribed burning, a varied response to unplanned fires, and modified regulation of burning associated with traditional agricultural land uses.
Prescribed fire in North American forests and woodlands: history, current practice, and challenges
Authors: Ryan Kevin C , Knapp Eric E , Varner J Morgan
Published: August 2013

Whether ignited by lightning or by Native Americans, fire once shaped many North American ecosystems. Euro–American settlement and 20th‐century fire suppression practices drastically altered historic fire regimes, leading to excessive fuel accumulation and uncharacteristically severe wildfires in some areas and diminished flammability resulting from shifts to more fire‐sensitive forest species in others. Prescribed fire is a valuable tool for fuel management and ecosystem restoration, but the practice is fraught with controversy and uncertainty. Here, we summarize fire use in the forests and woodlands of North America and the current state of the practice, and explore challenges associated with the use of prescribed fire. Although new scientific knowledge has reduced barriers to prescribed burning, societal aversion to risk often trumps known, long‐term ecological benefits. Broader implementation of prescribed burning and strategic management of wildfires in fire‐dependent ecosystems will require improved integration of science, policy, and management, and greater societal acceptance through education and public involvement in land‐management issues.
Evolution of contract structures in water supply and sanitation
Authors: Carron Didier , Janssens Jan G. , Castro-Wooldridge Vivian
Published: August 2013

Today, public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the water supply and sanitation sector, including the affermage, are increasingly hybrid, performance-based models. These include evolved, more sophisticated affermage models – such as what we refer to as the performance-based affermage (PBA). This model is based on an incentive-driven and more equitable distribution of the efficiency gains between the operator and the contracting authority (CA). The operator's expenses are reduced through efficiency improvements; the operator's fee reduces and the payment to the CA increases. The operational surplus increases and its eventual distribution depends on whether or not the operator meets its financial and technical contractual targets. Hence the PBA model may be more politically attractive to public authorities whose bargaining power to demand improved service delivery from the operator is strengthened. Key preconditions for the successful implementation of a PBA include: (i) an incentive mechanism based on an audited and validated baseline, and (ii) a capable CA, leading to a balance of power and mutual respect between partners. This output-based affermage (PBA) option is structured with appropriate investment obligations and allocation of risks between the operator and the CA. These are based on each entity's ability to manage risks – and both are rewarded on their performance and the respective levels of risk assumed.
Using covenants in loan agreements to promote tariff reform
Authors: Fortin Michael
Published: August 2013

This paper evaluates efforts made by development banks to promote tariff reform using covenants in infrastructure loan agreements. These covenants are evaluated within the broader context of tariff regulation in the water supply and sanitation sector. The paper outlines prerequisites for effective tariff regulation and reviews the experience with tariff regulation in developing countries and the current thinking regarding regulatory reform. Efforts by development banks to promote tariff regulation using loan covenants are often misdirected in light of the complexity of tariff regulation and the regulatory reform process.
Girls' and women's unmet needs for menstrual hygiene management (MHM): the interactions between MHM and sanitation systems in low-income countries
Authors: Sommer Marni , Kjellén Marianne , Pensulo Chibesa
Published: August 2013

While the sanitation sector is gaining increased recognition in policy and research, its inherent inter-linkage with menstrual hygiene management remains an under-researched subject. This review explores knowledge about menstrual beliefs and behaviors, and how women and girls currently handle their monthly menses in relation to existing sanitation systems in low-income countries. It further explores how used menstrual materials are disposed of, and the consequences of different disposal practices for the functioning of sanitation systems. Conclusions point towards the inadequacy of research in the area of menstrual management. The lack of privacy and space for changing, cleaning, drying or discarding materials, as well as insufficient availability of water for personal hygiene stand out as important areas where sanitation systems often fail to cater to the needs of menstruating girls and women. Information on proper disposal of menstrual materials as well as the actual provision of disposal facilities are important for improving menstrual management and ensuring that absorption materials do not impair the functioning of sanitation systems. Training of sanitation system designers and planners with regard to menstrual management could lead to sanitation systems becoming more inclusive of the full needs of all people.
Effective water safety management of piped water networks in low-income urban settlements
Authors: Kayaga Sam
Published: August 2013

Spiralling low-income settlements are a big challenge to urban water utilities of developing countries. To extend and maintain water services to these settlements, urban water utilities need to develop innovative solutions for overcoming various physical/technical, institutional, structural/legal and financial/economic constraints associated with these informal areas. This paper draws from documented pilot projects of implementing community-managed Water Safety Plans (WSPs) in various developing countries, and synthesises necessary ingredients for effective implementation of WSPs in low-income urban settlements. Urban water utilities need to partner with community members, but the former should keep a facilitating/overseeing role, given the overly technical nature of WSPs. The terms of the partnership should be mutually agreed and well documented; the utility should allow full participation of the relevant community members in the overall Operation and Maintenance (O&M) plan for the low-income settlement, in order to enhance community ownership of the water supply system, and continuously develop the capacity of relevant community members. The relevant community members should be facilitated, through participatory approaches, to develop bespoke community-based WSPs along with simple monitoring tools. Implementing community-managed WSPs will be easier and more effective if O&M systems and community management approaches are already institutionalised within the water utility.
Energy production and sanitation improvement using microbial fuel cells
Authors: Ieropoulos I. , Greenman J. , Lewis D. , Knoop O.
Published: August 2013

This study builds on the previous work of urine utilisation and uses small-scale microbial fuel cells (MFCs), working both as individual units in cascade or collectively as a stack, to utilise artificial urine. Artificial urine was prepared at concentrations typically found in real human urine with peptone employed as a surrogate proteinacious component. MFCs were constructed from Nanocure® polymer using rapid prototype technology. The anode and cathode electrodes were made of 15 cm2 carbon veil, folded down to fit in the 1 mL chambers. Eight MFCs were inoculated using activated anaerobic sludge; after 17 days of fed batch mode they were switched to continuous flow, initially at 0.09 mL/h and subsequently at 0.43 mL/h, resulting in HRT of 12.69 minutes/MFC. MFCs showed stable performance following the maturing period and produced, under polarisation experiments, peak power levels of 117 μW, corresponding to 962.94 W/m3. Continuous flow experiments data showed higher power production, increasing with the concentration of the carbon/energy source within artificial urine. The work demonstrates that artificial urine of varying composition can be successfully utilised for the production of energy and concomitant cleanup of organic waste. Finally, in line with the practical implementation and robotics work in our group, the small-scale MFCs were configured into a stack and directly energised electronic devices.
Factors affecting orthodontists' management of the retention phase
Authors: Bibona Kevin , Shroff Bhavna , Best Al M. , Lindauer Steven J.
Published: August 2013

Objective:

To test the null hypothesis that orthodontist characteristics and factors related to retainer choice do not influence the management of the retention phase with regard to frequency and duration of follow-up care provided.

Materials and Methods:

Orthodontists (n  =  1000) were randomly selected to participate in an online survey divided into three categories: background, retainer choice, and time management.

Results:

Of the 1000 selected participants, 894 responded. When deciding the type of retainer to use, the following were considered most frequently: pretreatment malocclusion (91%), patient compliance (87%), patient oral hygiene (84%), and patients' desires (81%). Orthodontists who considered the presence of third molars (P  =  .03) or “special needs” patients (P  =  .02) had significantly more follow-up visits than those who did not. When vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) were prescribed, there were significantly fewer visits (P  =  .02) compared to when other types of retainers were used. As practitioner experience increased, so did the number of visits (P < .0001). Orthodontists who considered the primary responsibility of retention to fall on the patient had significantly fewer follow-up visits (P < .0001) than those who considered it either a joint or orthodontist-only responsibility.

Conclusions:

The null hypothesis was rejected because the number of follow-up visits during the retention phase was affected by practitioner experience, whether VFRs were used, whether the orthodontist considered the presence of third molars or special-needs patients when choosing the type of retainer, and to whom the orthodontist attributed responsibility during the retention phase.
Inhibition of Src Kinase Blocks High Glucose–Induced EGFR Transactivation and Collagen Synthesis in Mesangial Cells and Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice
Authors: Taniguchi Kanta , Xia Ling , Goldberg Howard J. , Lee Ken W.K. , Shah Anu , Stavar Laura , Masson Elodie A.Y. , Momen Abdul , Shikatani Eric A. , John Rohan , Husain Mansoor , Fantus I. George
Published: August 2013

Chronic exposure to high glucose leads to diabetic nephropathy characterized by increased mesangial matrix protein (e.g., collagen) accumulation. Altered cell signaling and gene expression accompanied by oxidative stress have been documented. The contribution of the tyrosine kinase, c-Src (Src), which is sensitive to oxidative stress, was examined. Cultured rat mesangial cells were exposed to high glucose (25 mmol/L) in the presence and absence of Src inhibitors (PP2, SU6656), Src small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the tumor necrosis factor-α–converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitor, TAPI-2. Src was investigated in vivo by administration of PP2 to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic DBA2/J mice. High glucose stimulated Src, TACE, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1/2, p38), and collagen IV accumulation in mesangial cells. PP2 and SU6656 blocked high glucose–stimulated phosphorylation of Src Tyr-416, EGFR, and MAPKs. These inhibitors and Src knockdown by siRNA, as well as TAPI-2, also abrogated high glucose–induced phosphorylation of these targets and collagen IV accumulation. In STZ-diabetic mice, albuminuria, increased Src pTyr-416, TACE activation, ERK and EGFR phosphorylation, glomerular collagen accumulation, and podocyte loss were inhibited by PP2. These data indicate a role for Src in a high glucose-Src-TACE-heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-EGFR-MAPK–signaling pathway to collagen accumulation. Thus, Src may provide a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
Hypolipemiant Treatment: Making the Right Choice for Osteoporotic Patients
Authors: Șipoș Remus , Șuș Ioana , Pap Zsuzsanna , Szalai Anna Szidónia , Gabor Anamaria Victoria , Pávai Z , Brînzaniuc Klara
Published: August 2013

Introduction: It has been shown that dyslipidemia is related to bone mineral density and fragility. Hypolipemiant drugs as statins or fibrates seem to increase the bone mineral density and probably to protect against fractures. The question that arises in this context is whether statins or fibrates have a positive effect on bone fracture repair process and which is their behaviour in an osteoporotic context. Our objective was to study the incidence of osteoporosis, dyslipidemia and of the association of these diseases, and to compare the effect of statins and fibrates on fracture repair in experimental conditions.

Material and method: We studied the incidence of dyslipidemia and osteoporosis in the activity of a private family medicine cabinet. In the experimental part we observed from a radiographic point of view the fracture repair process of rats’ femurs. We analyzed 6 subgroups of 12 rats each: (1) ovariectomized control, (2) ovariectomized treated with statins, (3) ovariectomized treated with fibrates, (4) nonovariectomized control, (5) ) nonovariectomized treated with statins, (6) ) nonovariectomized treated with fibrates. The radiographic aspect has been objectified with a score at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks.

Results: From the total of 646 patients included in the study, 193 (29.87%) had dyslipidemia while osteoporosis was diagnosed at 152 (23.53%) patients. 301 (46.6%) patients presented the association of these diseases. Comparing the subgroups of the OVX group, we had the following results: subgroup 1 - 5.5 points, group 2 - 11 points and group 3 - 4.5 points. In the case of the NOVX subgroups, the scores were: subgroup 4 - 7.5 points, subgroup 5 - 10 points and subgroup 6 - 6.5 points.

Conclusions: The fact that the incidence of dyslipidemia is higher than that of osteoporosis is an argument for the necessity of choosing a hypolipemiant treatment that has, at the same time, a protective effect on bone. Hypolipemiant treatment influences the fracture repair process. The positive effect of statins on this process is more important on the ovariectomized group, in contrast with fibrates which have an accentuated effect on the nonovariectomized group and this suggests an interference between hypolipemiant treatment and estrogens level. However, the treatment with fibrates delays the fracture repair, groups (3) and (6) scores being inferior to those of the control group. We sustain the helping effect of statins treatment on fracture repair process.
Research Concerning the Correlations Between Urinary Tract Infections and Congenital Malformations of the Renourinary System
Authors: Moréh Zsuzsanna , Voicu Lucia Sanda
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Congenital malformations of the urinary system are risk factors for the development of urinary tract infections (UTI). Besides the severity of the malformation, urinary infection is always associated with poor prognosis for these patients. Late discovery of the malformation background, after several urinary tract infection episodes, contributes to the development of chronic pyelonephritis that may lead to chronic renal failure.

Material and method: The study involved patients with renal and urinary tract congenital malformations treated at the Pediatric Nephrology Department from Tîrgu Mureș over a period of 6 years, who associated urinary tract infection.

Results: Out of the total of 432 patients with congenital malformations of the urinary system, 270 had had at least one or several episode(s) of urinary tract infections in their medical history. Vesico-ureteral reflux and obstructive lesions of the urinary tract were most frequently associated with urinary infections. During the time when no ultrasound screening had been performed, the malformation background was usually diagnosed at the time of the first urinary infection episodes.

Conclusions: The incidence of urinary tract infections in patients with renal and urinary tract congenital malformations depends on the type of the underlying malformation, and the time of diagnosis of the malformation background. Prevention of irreversible complications requires early diagnosis of the urinary system malformations that can be performed through ultrasound screening in the neonatal period.
Possibilities and Difficulties of Treatment in the Case of a Pregnant Patient with Primary Mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Benedek Lázár Erzsébet , Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Tunyogi Aliz Beáta , Kakucs Enikő , Cătană Alina , Benedek I
Published: August 2013

Background: There are several histologic variants and clinical subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which includes the primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMBL). In the last 10 years the incidence of diffuse large lymphomas grew significantly.

Case report: We present the case and evolution of an aggressive life-threatening mediastinal B cell lymphoma with respiratory insufficiency, diagnosed in the 27th week of pregnancy. After 4 courses of R-CHOP the clinical status has somewhat improved, but the dyspnea, the facial and neck oedema and the trouble of speech persisted. After the patient was admitted to our hospital, she received DHAP regimen followed by mobilization with G-CSF. Before transplantation we administered another 3 courses of DHAP chemotherapy with spectacular results. We performed autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preceded by BEAM chemotherapy. At present, 5 years post-transplant the patient is well, with no metabolically active disease on the PET-CT performed 3 months ago.

Conclusion: We can conclude that even in very complicated DLBCL cases, with a very good, efficient medical-team work we can salvage lives, in our case both of the mother and the child’s. Even in partially chemo-refractory cases like in the presented one, salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous transplantation can lead to a successful treatment.
Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Pop-Radu Cristina Corina , Gliga Mirela
Published: August 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the serum levels of Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in subjects with thyroid disorders, as well as to investigate their relationship with lipid profile and the markers of thyroid function and autoimmunity, admitting that elevated Lp(a) levels and dyslipidemia caused by thyroid disorders synergistically increased the atherogenic process.

Methods: This study enrolled 38 subjects with hypothyroidism, 30 with hyperthyroidism and 55 with euthyroidism. The following parameters were measured: Lp(a), apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B (apo B), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab).

Results: Lp(a) was found with increased mean serum levels in hypothyroid subjects (483.28 ± 281.55 mg/L). Hyperthyroid subjects showed normal levels (253.13 ± 94.29 mg/L) of Lp(a), but significantly lower than those with hypothyroidism and slightly increased levels in the euthyroid subjects (305 ± 100.44 mg/L). In hypothyroidism a significant positive correlation between Lp(a) and TSH, apo B, TC, TG, TC/HDL, VLDL levels and a negative correlation with FT4, T3 and apo AI/B (p < 0.05) was observed. No correlations were found between serum Lp(a) levels, lipids profile and thyroid function parameters in hyperthyroid subjects, neither with TPO-Ab.

Conclusions: The association of hypothyroidism with increased levels of Lp(a) seems to increase the already high cardiovascular risk in the hypothyroid subjects, while increased levels of Lp(a) represents independently a relevant cardiovascular risk factor.
Ulcerative Colitis associated with Sclerosing Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Hoduț Andrei , Simedrea I , Sabău I , Belei Oana , Babi Ionela
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic intestinal inflammation, part of inflammatory bowel disease, which also includes Crohn’s disease. Both have extraintestinal manifestations, but those that tend to occur more commonly with ulcerative colitis include chronic active hepatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and ankylosing spondylitis. Many individuals present with overlapping non-diagnostic features of more than one of these conditions that is referred to in the literature as autoimmune overlap syndrome. Sclerosing cholangitis associated with IBD is often referred to as overlap syndrome.

Material and methods: We present the case of a 15-year-old female, with an association between ulcerative colitis, primitive sclerosing cholalangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. She was admitted for: diarrheic bloody stools, abdominal pain, diminished appetite, headache and aphthous stomatitis. Blood sample analysis revealed: hypochromic anemia, iron deficiency, high levels of transaminase, abnormal protein electrophoresis, positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-smooth muscle antibodies, high level of faecal calprotectin, modified biliary tract on imaging of digestive system and suggestive modifications of colic mucosa for ulcerative colitis. We administered treatment with Arginine Chloride 5%, Sorbitol 10%, Aspartic acid, Vitamin B6, Ursodeoxycholic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Results: With the administered therapy the evolution was good, macroscopic blood disappeared from stools, and tests for blood trace in stool were also negative.

Conclusions: The patient had simultaneous onset of diarrhea with bloody stools and extraintestinal manifestations. Immunological markers didn’t fully match any of the associated diseases, so we concluded that there was an overlap syndrome. Budesonide was effective on both hepatic and intestinal disease.
Egnos Limitations over Central and Eastern Poland – Results of Preliminary Tests of Egnos-Eupos Integration Project
Authors: Jaworski Leszek , Swiatek Anna , Zdunek Ryszard
Published: August 2013

The problem of insufficient accuracy of EGNOS correction for the territory of Poland, located at the edge of EGNOS range is well known. The EEI PECS project (EGNOS EUPOS Integration) assumes improving the EGNOS correction by using the GPS observations from Polish ASG-EUPOS stations.

One of the EEI project tasks was the identification of EGNOS performance limitations over Poland and services for EGNOSS-EUPOS combination. The two sets of data were used for those goals:

statistical, theoretical data obtained using the SBAS simulator software,

real data obtained during the measurements.

The real measurements were managed as two types of measurements: static and dynamic. Static measurements are continuously managing using Septentrio PolaRx2 receiver. The SRC permanent station works in IMAGE/PERFECT project. Dynamic measurements were managed using the Mobile GPS Laboratory (MGL). Receivers (geodetic and navigation) were working in two modes:

determining navigation position from standalone GPS, determining navigation position from GPS plus EGNOS correction.

The paper presents results of measurements’ analyses and conclusions based on which the next tasks in EEI project are completed
Numerical Procedure for Identification of Constitutive Equations Based on Experimental Data
Authors: Baltov Anguel , Yanakieva Ana
Published: August 2013

In this research experimental data obtained by well-known methods of displacement measurement are considered, whereas a thin cell meshwork has been fixed to the surface of the observed loaded object (thin metal sheet, for instance) and a set of point displacements has been ob- tained. Based on such experimental evidence, an eight point numerical procedure is proposed in the paper to identify the constitutive relations for small time increments. The presented approach is also applicable in case of micro deformations and facilitates the derivation of nonlinear constitutive equations in stress/strain increments. Approximate error es- timation of the procedure is additionally performed, and a test example is given.
Milnor fibration at infinity for mixed polynomials
Authors: Chen Ying
Published: August 2013

We study the existence of Milnor fibration on a big enough sphere at infinity for a mixed polynomial f: ℝ2n → ℝ2. By using strongly non-degenerate condition, we prove a counterpart of Némethi and Zaharia’s fibration theorem. In particular, we obtain a global version of Oka’s fibration theorem for strongly non-degenerate and convenient mixed polynomials.
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells show considerable promise for regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Harasymiak-Krzyżanowska Izabela , Niedojadło Alicja , Karwat Jolanta , Kotuła Lidia , Gil-Kulik Paulina , Sawiuk Magdalena , Kocki Janusz
Published: August 2013

The stromal-vascular cell fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue can be an abundant source of both multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, known as adipose-derived stem cells or adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). The SVF also contains vascular cells, targeted progenitor cells, and preadipocytes. Stromal cells isolated from adipose tissue express common surface antigens, show the ability to adhere to plastic, and produce forms that resemble fibroblasts. They are characterized by a high proliferation potential and the ability to differentiate into cells of meso-, ecto- and endodermal origin. Although stem cells obtained from an adult organism have smaller capabilities for differentiation in comparison to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs), the cost of obtaining them is significantly lower. The 40 years of research that mainly focused on the potential of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) revealed a number of negative factors: the painful sampling procedure, frequent complications, and small cell yield. The number of stem cells in adipose tissue is relatively large, and obtaining them is less invasive. Sampling through simple procedures such as liposuction performed under local anesthesia is less painful, ensuring patient comfort. The isolated cells are easily grown in culture, and they retain their properties over many passages. That is why adipose tissue has recently been treated as an attractive alternative source of stem cells. Essential aspects of ADSC biology and their use in regenerative medicine will be analyzed in this article.
Generalized Discontinuity of Real-Valued Functions
Authors: Zduńczyk Rafał
Published: August 2013

We present a proof of the theorem on countability of the set of points of generalized discontinuity of an ( , ) regular real function f:X→ℝ, where is a local system in X and is a partition of X. We start with a definition of a local system in a generalized form and with basic properties of local systems. The concepts are illustrated with examples. The main result is applied both for regularities in the sense of density connected with the Lebesgue measure on ℝn (Lebesgue density) and with Baire category -density), respectively.
Products of Internally Quasi-Continuous Functions
Authors: Szczuka Paulina , Marciniak Mariola
Published: August 2013

In this paper we characterize the product of internally quasi- -continuous functions and we construct a bounded internally quasi-continuous strong Świa̧tkowski function which cannot be written as a finite product of internally strong Świa̧tkowski functions.
Similar Functions and Their Properties
Authors: Kupka Ivan
Published: August 2013

We are working with two topological notions of similarity of functions. We show, that these notions can be used to investigate some important properties of functions. Some types of generalized continuity are investigated. New optimization results are presented, too.
On the use of two hydrogen bands for spectroscopic temperature measurement in a low-pressure gas discharge
Authors: Majstorović G. Lj. , Šišović N. M.
Published: August 2013

We report the results of the optical emission spectroscopy measurements of rotational Trot and translational temperature Ttr of hydrogen molecules. The light source was hollow cathode glow discharge with titanium cathode operated in hydrogen at low pressure. The rotational temperature of excited electronic states of H2 was determined either from the relative line intensities of R branch of the GK → B band or from the P, Q and R-branches of the Fulcher-α diagonal band. The population of excited energy levels, determined from the relative line intensities was used to derive rotational temperature of the ground state of hydrogen molecule.
(Re)Considering the Last Fifty Years of Migration and Current Immigration Policies in Germany
Authors: Kaya Asiye
Published: August 2013

The year 2011 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the bilateral recruitment

agreement that the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) signed with

the Republic of Turkey in 1961. According to official figures, the immigrant

group with roots in Turkey and its offspring make the second largest

group currently after ethnic German emigrants (resettlers) in Germany.

Understanding this migration experience and the broader issues of immigration

in Germany is the motivation behind this special issue.
Community and Democratic Citizenship: A Critique of the Sinus Study on Immigrant Milieus in Germany
Authors: Erdem Esra
Published: August 2013

In the ongoing debate on immigrant integration policies, the Sinus study on migrant milieus has attracted much attention for its clear stance as a proponent of a multicultural society. Brushing aside arguments about an ethnic-religious divide in the German social fabric, the study argues that social milieus constitute much stronger markers of difference than ethnicity. This paper provides a critical appraisal of the postethnic vision articulated by Sinus. However, it also raises some methodological issues concerning the collection and analysis of data on immigrant populations. The concluding section discusses the limits of a politics of difference based on milieus. It questions the potential of the Sinus study to move the German immigration debate forward towards a more democratic vision of citizenship, given its de-emphasis of social inequalities rooted in relations of gender, "race" and class.
Orthodontic Treatment of Severe Crowding Malocclusion with Extraction of premolars.
Authors: Rizvi HM , Sikder MA , Hossain MZ
Published: August 2013

Space deficiency in a crowded dentition is a main indication for premolar extraction therapy. Class I malocclusions with severe crowding in non growing patients can be treated by upper lower first premolar extraction using an edgewise technique with multi loop edgewise arch wire (MEAW). The following case report describes a patient with severe tooth crowding, where the result of the treatment was acceptable and relatively stable. It was concluded that the elimination of tooth tissue discrepancy by the extraction of first premolars provides a good means in the treatment of crowding malocclusions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i2.16161 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2012; Vol-2, No.2, 30-33
Noncontractible Investments and Reference Points
Authors: Hart Oliver
Published: August 2013

We analyze noncontractible investments in a model with shading. A seller can make an investment that affects a buyer’s value. The parties have outside options that depend on asset ownership. When shading is not possible and there is no contract renegotiation, an optimum can be achieved by giving the seller the right to make a take-it-or-leave-it offer. However, with shading, such a contract creates deadweight losses. We show that an optimal contract will limit the seller’s offers, and possibly create ex post inefficiency. Asset ownership can improve matters even if revelation mechanisms are allowed.
Bacterial Toxins Fuel Disease Progression in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Willerslev-Olsen Andreas , Krejsgaard Thorbjørn , Lindahl Lise , Bonefeld Charlotte , Wasik Mariusz , Koralov Sergei , Geisler Carsten , Kilian Mogens , Iversen Lars , Woetmann Anders , Odum Niels
Published: August 2013

In patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) bacterial infections constitute a major clinical problem caused by compromised skin barrier and a progressive immunodeficiency. Indeed, the majority of patients with advanced disease die from infections with bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial toxins such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) have long been suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis in CTCL. Here, we review links between bacterial infections and CTCL with focus on earlier studies addressing a direct role of SE on malignant T cells and recent data indicating novel indirect mechanisms involving SE- and cytokine-driven cross-talk between malignant- and non-malignant T cells.
Temperature regulates positively photoblastic seed germination in four ficus (moraceae) tree species from contrasting habitats in a seasonal tropical rainforest
Authors: Chen Hui , Cao Min , Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C.
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the Study: Differences in seed germination responses of trees in tropical forests to temperature and light quality may contribute to their coexistence. We investigated the effects of temperature and red:far‐red light (R:FR ratio) on seed germination of two gap‐demanding species (Ficus hispida and F. racemosa) and two shade‐tolerant species (F. altissima and F. auriculata) in a tropical seasonal rainforest in southwest China.

• Methods: A R:FR ratio gradient was created by filtering fluorescent light through polyester filters. Four temperature treatments were used to test the effect of temperature on seed germination of the four Ficus tree species across the R:FR gradient.

• Key Results: Seeds of the four Ficus species were positively photoblastic. Seed germination of F. hispida and F. racemosa was not affected across the R:FR ratio gradient (0.25–1.19) at 25/35°C, but it was inhibited under low R:FR at 22/23°C. By contrast, germination percentages of F. altissima and F. auriculata were not inhibited along the entire light gradient in all temperature treatments.

• Conclusions: Differences in germination responses of Ficus species might contribute to differences in their habitat preferences. The inhibitory effect of understory temperatures in the forest might be a new mechanism that prevents positively photoblastic seeds of the gap‐demanding species such as F. hispida and F. racemosa from germinating in the understory and in small canopy gaps.
Face au malêtre psychique dans les cultures hypermodernes, que peut la psychanalyse ?
Authors: Kaës René
Published: August 2013

L’extension du champ des pratiques de la psychanalyse, et par conséquent de sa connaissance de l’Inconscient, autorise que nous pensions dans d’autres termes que ceux de Freud Le malaise dans la culture dont il analysait en 1929 les sources et la consistance. Nous travaillons avec des dispositifs dont Freud n’avait pas l’usage. Ces dispositifs, et notamment ceux qui mobilisent les configurations de liens, ont changé notre approche du malêtre dans le monde contemporain. Nous sommes davantage attentifs aux rapports qu’entretiennent l’espace psychique du sujet, celui de ses liens et celui des ensembles (familles, groupes, institutions) qui contiennent ces deux espaces. Nous connaissons ainsi autrement que Freud les effets des mutations de la culture sur la structuration de la vie psychique et particulièrement sur les défaillances de ses garants psychiques et culturels, sur les failles dans l’activité de symbolisation, sur les butées du processus de subjectivation, sur les impasses du travail de pensée et de construction du sens.