bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doing Family – Praxisrelevanz für die
Hebammenarbeit
Authors: Jurczyk Karin
Published: October 2023

Heute ist Familie in vieler Hinsicht anders als Familie vor 50 Jahren. Es ist
nicht mehr selbstverständlich, ob und wie wir Familie leben. Daraus
folgt ein neuer Blick auf Familie als „Herstellungsleistung“,
d. h. als tägliches Tun und nicht als gegebene Institution. Das
Konzept des Doing und Undoing Family hat auch Relevanz für die
Hebammenarbeit und kann professionelles Handeln in diesem Feld bereichern.
Forensisch-psychiatrisches Konsilangebot für die
Allgemeinpsychiatrie
Authors: Schmidt Catharina , Anna Seeger Natalia , Brackmann Nathalie , Guldimann Angela , Habermeyer Elmar
Published: October 2023

Bei einigen psychiatrischen Patienten besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko
für interpersonelle Gewaltanwendung, was zu Unterbringungen im
Maßregelvollzug führen kann. Ein Großteil der dort
behandelten Patienten kam bereits Jahre bevor sie aufgrund eines Deliktes
forensisch-psychiatrisch untergebracht wurden, mit dem allgemeinpsychiatrischen
Versorgungssystem in Kontakt. Nicht zuletzt aus diesem Grund ist es bedauerlich,
dass Maßnahmen zu Gewaltprävention in der Allgemeinpsychiatrie
bisher nur vereinzelt etabliert sind. Im Kanton Zürich
ermöglicht ein forensisch-psychiatrischer Konsiliardienst dem
allgemeinpsychiatrischen Versorgungssystem Zugang zu forensisch-psychiatrischer
Expertise. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Leistungsangebot beschrieben und
die im Rahmen des Konsiliardienstes untersuchte Patientenpopulation
charakterisiert. Zudem wurden die drei häufigsten Diagnosegruppen
(Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis, affektive Störungen,
Persönlichkeitsstörungen) nach Konsilanlass und ihrer
Vorgeschichte bezüglich Gewalttaten und Substanzmissbrauch miteinander
verglichen und die ausgesprochenen Empfehlungen analysiert. Von 2013 bis 2021
wurden 188 Patienten Zürcher allgemeinpsychiatrischer Kliniken nach
Erteilung ihres Einverständnisses untersucht. Diese Patienten wiesen
zumeist eine Vorgeschichte an Gewalttaten (72.7%) und Substanzkonsum
(66.1%) auf. Fast die Hälfte (48.4%) litt an einer
Erkrankung aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis.
Selection of Standards for Sonographic Fetal Femur Length by Use of z-Scores
Authors: Combs C Andrew , Del Rosario Amber , Ashimi Balogun Olaide , Bowman Zachary S. , Amara Sushma
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate which of four established norms should be used for sonographic assessment of fetal femur length (FL).

Study Design Cross-sectional study using pooled data from four maternal–fetal medicine practices. Inclusion criteria were singleton fetus, gestational age (GA) 220/7 to 396/7 weeks, biometry measured, and fetal cardiac activity present. Four norms of FL were studied: Hadlock et al, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project (IG-21st), the World Health Organization Fetal Growth Curves (WHO), and the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies, unified standard (NICHD-U). The fit of our FL measurements to each norm was assessed by these criteria: mean z-score close to 0, standard deviation (SD) of z close to 1, Kolmogorov–Smirnov D-statistic close to zero, Youden J-statistic close to 1, approximately 5% of exams <5th percentile, and approximately 5% of exams >95th percentile.

Results In 26,177 ultrasound exams, our FL measurements had the best fit to the WHO standard (mean z-score 0.15, SD of z 1.02, D-statistic <0.01, J-statistic 0.95, 3.4% of exams <5th percentile, 7.0% of exams >95th percentile). The mean of the IG-21st standard was smaller than the other norms and smaller than our measurements, resulting in underdiagnosis of short FL. The mean of the Hadlock reference was larger than the other norms and larger than our measurements, resulting in overdiagnosis of short FL. The SD of the NICHD-U standard was larger than the other norms and larger than our observations, resulting in underdiagnosis of both short and long FL. Restricting the analysis to a subgroup of 7,144 low-risk patients without risk factors for large- or small-for- GA produced similar results.

Conclusion Of the norms studied, the WHO standard is likely best for diagnosis of abnormal FL.

Key Points
Survival Outcome in True Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (tCUP) with p16 + Cervical Metastasis
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Le Nguyen-Son , Grasl Stefan , Pammer Johannes , Janik Stefan , Heiduschka Gregor , Schratter-Sehn Annemarie U. , Franz Peter , Königswieser Meinhard , Grasl Matthaeus Ch. , Erovic Boban M.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Age and lymph node ratio have been attributed as independent predictors for survival and recurrence in carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP).

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of p16 overexpression for CUP in the absence of true primary (TP).

Methods The study involved 43 patients who underwent therapeutic lymph node dissection (LND) from 2000 to 2015 after all the diagnostic work up for CUP. Immunohistochemistry for p16 overexpression was performed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic impact on 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results The male-to-female ratio was 5.1:1, with a median age of 62 years. The clinicopathological data, except for p16 overexpression, did not differ significantly in terms of 5-year OS and RFS. The Cox regression analysis proposed p16 positivity to be an independent prognosticator of regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 6.180, p = 0.21). The median time to recurrence and death were 10 and 25 months, respectively.

Conclusion Cervical metastasis with p16 overexpression is a significant prognostic factor of improved RFS after surgery in CUP. The prognostic significance of lymph node p16 positivity should be further studied.
An Unusual Presentation of Accidental Rectal Corrosive Injury
Authors: Patel Maitrey , Solanki Rushil , Chavan Radhika , Rajput Sanjay
Published: October 2023

Rectal corrosive injuries occur rarely among adult patients and are confined to suicidal patients and cases of homicide. These injuries are less frequently accidental. No reports of rectal corrosive injury have been reported in the literature to date. In this study, we report an unusual presentation of a very rare case of accidental rectal corrosive injury.
Brazilian Consensus on Sleep-Focused Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences - 2023 Brazilian Sleep Association
Authors: Studart-Pereira Luciana Moraes , Bianchini Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves , Assis Márcia , Bussi Marieli Timpani , Corrêa Camila de Castro , Cunha Thays Crosara Abrahão , Drager Luciano Ferreira , Ieto Vanessa , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo , de Luccas Gabriele Ramos , Brasil Evelyn Lucien , Sovinski Silmara Regina Pavani , Zancanella Edilson , Pires Gabriel Natan ,   Consensus Group on Sleep-focused Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences
Published: October 2023

Introduction This consensus aimed to develop a structured document presenting the role of sleep-focused Speech-Language-Hearing (SPH) Sciences (SPHS). The recommendations were based on the expertise of specialists and on evidence in the literature, aiming to guide the coverage of this area and the consequent improvement in the quality of the professionals' approach.

Methods A Delphi method was conducted with 49 SLH pathologists (SLHP), four sleep physicians, one dentist, one physical therapist, and one methodologist. Four Delphi panel rounds were conducted in Google Forms. The items were analyzed based on the panelists' percentage of agreement; consensuses were reached when ⅔ (66.6%) of valid responses were on a same on a same answer (either “agree” or “disagree”).

Results Participants voted on 102 items. The mean consensus rate was 89.9% ± 10.9%. The essential topics were the importance of professional training, the SLH diagnosis, and the SLH treatment of sleep disorders. It was verified that all fields of the SLHS are related to the area of sleep; that sleep-focused SLH pathologists (SLHP) are the responsible for assessing, indicating, and conducting specific orofacial myofunctional therapy for sleep-disordered breathing alone or in combination with other treatments; that SLHP are included in interdisciplinary teams in the area of sleep in public and private services.

Discussion The Brazilian consensus on sleep-focused SLHS is a landmark in this area. This consensus described the scope of action of sleep-focused SLHP and systematized recommendations being useful as a reference for the professional practice in the area of sleep.
The role of individual perceptions in the completion of formalistic tasks
Authors: Wu Wenjun , Yu Dengke
Published: October 2023

Formalistic tasks are common in collective cultural societies such as China. They bring a great loss of efficiency as well as some potential social benefits. The study aims to explore the perception mechanism of formalistic tasks at the individual level, helping understand and better manage them. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we proposed that individuals’ perceived value (PV), perceived cost (PC), and perceived pressure (PP) would significantly influence their participation in and completion of formalistic tasks. We therefore developed two studies: Study 1 explored how individuals perceive formalistic tasks, and Study 2 tested the effects of individual perceptions on the completion degree (CD) of formalistic tasks. We collected the data from 319 and 536 Chinese respondents by questionnaire survey for the two studies respectively. Statistical approach and structural equation model (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Through empirical studies, we substantiated the positive role of PV and PC in the completion of formalistic tasks. Furthermore, coercive pressure (CP) and normative pressure (NP), the two elements of PP, would significantly moderate the effect of PC on CD. However, the moderating effects are weak. Our study aroused scholars’ attention to formalistic tasks in organizations and filled the gap in formalistic management. Our findings therefore make a contribution to organization management in collective culture and guide managers to better develop and promote formalistic tasks.
“Listening” for hydrogen may be the key to detection at any temperature
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: October 2023

Novel application of acoustic topological materials results in reliable hydrogen sensors.
Combinatorial optimization for high spin polarization in Heusler alloy composition-spread thin films by anisotropic magnetoresistance effect
Authors: Toyama Ryo , Kushwaha Varun K. , Sasaki Taisuke T. , Iwasaki Yuma , Nakatani Tomoya , Sakuraba Yuya
Published: October 2023

Half-metallic Heusler alloys are promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their high spin polarization. However, the spin polarization strongly depends on the atomic composition, which is time-consuming to optimize from various compositional combinations. Here, we demonstrate a high-throughput compositional optimization method for high spin polarization in Co2(Mn, Fe)Ge Heusler alloys by combining composition-spread films and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurement. Two types of composition-spread films of polycrystalline Co2(Mn1−xFex)Ge and (Co2Mn0.5Fe0.5)1−yGey are fabricated on SiO2/Si substrates by combinatorial sputtering deposition, followed by post-annealing. The compositional dependence of AMR shows the largest negative AMR ratio of −0.13% and the smallest temperature dependence of the resistance change of AMR for y = 0.25 in the (Co2Mn0.5Fe0.5)1−yGey composition-spread film, suggesting the highest spin polarization and the closest nature to the ideal half-metal at this composition ratio. To verify this, we also develop a new technique to measure the compositional dependence of spin polarization by measuring the spin accumulation signals of nonlocal spin-valve devices fabricated on the composition-spread films and observe the highest spin polarization of 82% for y = 0.24. This confirms a clear qualitative correlation between the large negative AMR ratio and high spin polarization. Our combinatorial method using the composition-spread films and the AMR measurement proves to be a facile way for optimizing the fabrication conditions of half-metallic Heusler alloys with high spin polarization.
Crystalline and transport characteristics of ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases in Mn3Ga films
Authors: Chen Shaohai , Lin Dennis J. X. , Lim B. C. , Tan Hang Khume , Hnin Yu Yu Ko , Wong Seng Kai , Lim Idayu , Lim Royston J. J. , Khoo Khoong Hong , Ho Pin
Published: October 2023

The Mn3Ga material is a promising candidate for memory and computing devices owing to its rich crystalline structures of tunable ferrimagnetic and collinear and non-collinear antiferromagnetic phases. In particular, Mn3Ga with non-collinear antiferromagnetic order exhibits giant anomalous and topological Hall conductivities and is a potential material platform for hosting spin-related quantum phenomena. In this study, we demonstrate Mn3Ga films grown on thermally oxidized Si substrates, with and without the Ta buffer, under different deposition temperatures (Ts). With increasing Ts, the dominant crystalline structure across all Mn3Ga films evolves from a cubic to hybrid tetragonal and hexagonal texture, wherein the crystalline orientation of spins endows the films with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. For Ta/Mn3Ga and Mn3Ga films grown under high Ts, the inhomogeneity in surface energy of the buffer layer results in a non-uniform granular film in the former. Notably, the Mn3Ga films of hexagonal texture exhibit topological Hall signatures. The density functional theory calculations on the hexagonal Mn3Ga phase corroborated with the experimental magnetic, structural, and transport properties. These findings establish an important platform for tailoring Mn3Ga films toward multifunctional applications.
Controllable synthesis and PL propertiesof ZnO flower-like nanostructures by chemical bath method
Authors: Luo Qingshan , Xu Yurui , Zhong YaXue , Lian Hao
Published: October 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) flower-like nanosheets and nanorods were synthesized on a glass substrate with an Al layer by a simple chemical bath method, and their morphology was controlled by adjusting the pH of the solution without the assistance of an additional surfactant. For the 3D nanostructures of the annealed nanosheets, the blue light emission at about 410 nm disappeared, which may be due to the defect of zinc vacancy. The emission of the yellow band at about 550 nm was enhanced, which could have originated from the interstitial oxygen. These results indicate that the concentrations or types of the dominant defects could be changed because of the diffusion of Al substrates during the course of annealing. The as-prepared flower-like nanostructures of nanorods exhibited a high UV emission peak (at about 380 nm). After the samples were annealed, the green emission (at about 500 nm) was also enhanced abnormally, except for the UV emission (at 380 nm), indicating that the crystalline quality could not be improved by annealing for complex nanostructures, except for the top of the structures. Our results present a simple, reproducible, and cost-competitive method to synthesize ZnO three-dimensional flower-like structures and would provide useful information for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices at room temperature.
Transient inhibition of lysosomal functions potentiates nucleic acid vaccines
Authors: Wang Chunxi , Karlsson Amelia , Oguin Thomas H. , Macintyre Andrew N. , Sempowski Gregory D. , McCarthy Kevin R. , Wang Yifei , Moody M. Anthony , Yuan Fan
Published: October 2023

Nucleic acid vaccines have shown promising results in the clinic against infectious diseases and cancers. To robustly improve the vaccine efficacy and safety, we developed an approach to increase the intracellular stability of nucleic acids by transiently inhibiting lysosomal function in targeted tissues using sucrose. To achieve efficient and localized delivery of sucrose in animals, we designed a biomimetic lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to target the delivery of sucrose into mouse muscle cells. Using this approach, viral antigen expression in mouse muscle after DNA vaccination was substantially increased and prolonged without inducing local or systemic inflammation or toxicity. The same change in antigen expression would be achieved if the vaccine dose could be increased by 3,000 folds, which is experimentally and clinically impractical due to material restrictions and severe toxicity that will be induced by such a high dose of nucleic acids. The increase in antigen expression augmented the infiltration and activation of antigen-presenting cells, significantly improved vaccine-elicited humoral and T cell responses, and fully protected mice against the viral challenge at a low dose of vaccine. Based on these observations, we conclude that transient inhibition of lysosome function in target tissue by sucrose LNPs is a safe and potent approach to substantially improve nucleic acid-based vaccines.
Red fluorescent proteins engineered from green fluorescent proteins
Authors: Imamura Hiromi , Otsubo Shiho , Nishida Mizuho , Takekawa Norihiro , Imada Katsumi
Published: October 2023

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) form a fluorophore through autocatalysis from three consecutive amino acid residues within a polypeptide chain. The two major groups, green FPs (GFPs) and red FPs (RFPs), have distinct fluorophore structures; RFPs have an extended π-conjugation system with an additional double bond. However, due to the low sequence homology between the two groups, amino acid residues essential for determining the different fluorophore structures were unclear. Therefore, engineering a GFP into an RFP has been challenging, and the exact mechanism of how GFPs and RFPs achieve different autocatalytic reactions remained elucidated. Here, we show the conversion of two coral GFPs, AzamiGreen (AG) and mcavGFP, into RFPs by defined mutations. Structural comparison of AG and AzamiRed1.0, an AG-derived RFP, revealed that the mutations triggered drastic rearrangements in the interaction networks between amino acid residues around the fluorophore, suggesting that coordinated multisite mutations are required for the green-to-red conversion. As a result of the structural rearrangements, a cavity suitable for the entry of an oxygen molecule, which is necessary for the double bond formation of the red fluorophores, is created in the proximity of the fluorophore. We also show that a monomeric variant of AzamiRed1.0 can be used for labeling organelles and proteins in mammalian cells. Our results provide a structural basis for understanding the red fluorophore formation mechanism and demonstrate that protein engineering of GFPs is a promising way to create RFPs suitable for fluorescent tags.
Crowdsourcing as a tool for creating effective nudges: An example for financial oversubscription
Authors: Paley Anna , van de Ven Niels
Published: October 2023

Creating effective nudges, or interventions that encourage people to make choices that increase their welfare, is difficult to execute well. Recent work on megastudies, massive field experiments that test many interventions simultaneously, reveals that nudge effectiveness both varies widely and is difficult for experts to predict. We propose an Iterative Crowdsourcing Procedure, which uses insights from members of the target population to generate and preselect nudges prior to testing them in a field experiment. This technique can supplement existing methods or stand alone as a way to generate conditions for testing in a high-quality field experiment. We test the effectiveness of this method in addressing a challenge to effective financial management: consumer oversubscription. We first document that people have more subscriptions than they think they have and that enhancing subscription awareness makes people want to cancel some subscriptions. We then use our crowdsourcing procedure to motivate people toward subscription awareness in a field experiment (N = 4,412,113) with a large bank. We find that the crowdsourced nudges outperform those generated by the bank, demonstrating that the Iterative Crowdsourcing Procedure is a useful way to generate effective nudges.
Diversity of rhodopsin cyclases in zoospore-forming fungi
Authors: Broser Matthias , Busse Wayne , Spreen Anika , Reh Maila , Bernal Sierra Yinth Andrea , Hwang Songhwan , Utesch Tillmann , Sun Han , Hegemann Peter
Published: October 2023

Light perception for orientation in zoospore-forming fungi is linked to homo- or heterodimeric rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclases (RGCs). Heterodimeric RGCs, first identified in the chytrid
Rhizoclosmatium globosum
, consist of an unusual near-infrared absorbing highly fluorescent sensitizer neorhodopsin (NeoR) that is paired with a visual light-absorbing rhodopsin responsible for enzyme activation. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of RGC genes in early-branching fungi using currently available genetic data. Among the characterized RGCs, we identified red-sensitive homodimeric RGC variants with maximal light activation close to 600 nm, which allow for red-light control of GTP to cGMP conversion in mammalian cells. Heterodimeric RGC complexes have evolved due to a single gene duplication within the branching of Chytridiales and show a spectral range for maximal light activation between 480 to 600 nm. In contrast, the spectral sensitivity of NeoRs is reaching into the near-infrared range with maximal absorption between 641 and 721 nm, setting the low energy spectral edge of rhodopsins so far. Based on natural NeoR variants and mutational studies, we reevaluated the role of the counterion-triad proposed to cause the extreme redshift. With the help of chimera constructs, we disclose that the cyclase domain is crucial for functioning as homo- or heterodimers, which enables the adaptation of the spectral sensitivity by modular exchange of the photosensor. The extreme spectral plasticity of retinal chromophores in native photoreceptors provides broad perspectives on the achievable spectral adaptation for rhodopsin-based molecular tools ranging from UVB into the near-infrared.
Neural signals predict information sharing across cultures
Authors: Chan Hang-Yee , Scholz Christin , Cosme Danielle , Martin Rebecca E. , Benitez Christian , Resnick Anthony , Carreras-Tartak José , Cooper Nicole , Paul Alexandra M. , Falk Emily B.
Published: October 2023

Information sharing influences which messages spread and shape beliefs, behavior, and culture. In a preregistered neuroimaging study conducted in the United States and the Netherlands, we demonstrate replicability, predictive validity, and generalizability of a brain-based prediction model of information sharing. Replicating findings in Scholz et al.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
114
, 2881–2886 (2017), self-, social-, and value-related neural signals in a group of individuals tracked the population sharing of US news articles. Preregistered brain-based prediction models trained on Scholz et al. (2017) data proved generalizable to the new data, explaining more variance in population sharing than self-report ratings alone. Neural signals (versus self-reports) more reliably predicted sharing cross-culturally, suggesting that they capture more universal psychological mechanisms underlying sharing behavior. These findings highlight key neurocognitive foundations of sharing, suggest potential target mechanisms for interventions to increase message effectiveness, and advance brain-as-predictor research.
Longitudinal change in linguistic resources for interaction
Authors: Skogmyr Marian Klara
Published: October 2023

This article presents a longitudinal study of a second language (L2) French speaker’s (Aurelia) use of the constructiontu vois(‘you see’) over 15 months. Research on first language (L1) French has shown thattu voishas been subject to grammaticalization, whereby the construction in spoken language frequently serves as a discourse marker rather than a complement-taking predicate construction expressing visual perception. Drawing on longitudinal Conversation Analysis, I qualitatively and quantitatively analyze Aurelia’s use oftu voisin relation to its turn position and interactional purposes. I document a similar change happening in Aurelia’s use of the construction over time as what has been observed in L1 French: While she initially deploystu voisexclusively in its ‘literal’ sense of visual perception and with a complement (tu vois X, ‘you see X’), she eventually starts using it as a semantically bleached discourse marker for interaction-organizational and interpersonal purposes. A few ‘hybrid’ cases demonstrate the progressive nature of this change, and indicate further similarities between L2 acquisition and L1 grammaticalization processes. I discuss possible reasons for the documented change and address implications of the findings for research on both the development of L2 grammar-for-interaction and language change more generally.
Salient differences between Australian oral parliamentary discourse and its official written records
Authors: Kotze Haidee , Korhonen Minna , Smith Adam , van Rooy Bertus
Published: October 2023

This chapter addresses the question of editorial practice
for the Australian Hansard with the use of an aligned corpus of transcribed
audio recordings and the corresponding Hansard records, covering the period
1946–2015. A more traditional, qualitative, bottom-up approach is taken by
manually analysing the data to compile a list of differences in the two
types of records. In addition, a deductive, quantitative approach is adopted
by using the multidimensional analysis method of Biber (1988) to identify significant differences in
the frequencies of (clusters of) features between the oral transcripts and
written Hansard records and interpret these. Our primary aim is to provide
insight into methodological questions associated with working with big
linguistic data. Alongside this, we report findings about differences
between the written Hansard and the original speeches: reduction of spoken
language processing features and informality, greater conservatism, and more
density – although these differences decrease over time.
Leaving the EU out of the ingroup
Authors: Räikkönen Jenni
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, I examine what types of diachronic
changes the use of first-person plural pronouns signal in the way the EU has
been discussed in the British House of Commons. By using methods of
corpus-assisted discourse studies, I analyse the use of the pronouns in
relation to the EU in parliamentary debates in the time period from 1973 to
2015. I am interested in when and in which contexts the EU is included in
and when excluded from the ingroup in the debates. The chapter contributes
to linguistic studies on Brexit and is part of a larger research project
focusing on diachronic changes in the discursive representation of the EU in
British parliamentary debates and press.
Processing and prescriptivism as constraints on language variation and change
Authors: Labat Sofie , Kotze Haidee , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt
Published: October 2023

We investigate the choice between the relative markers
which and that in 8,283 restrictive
relative clauses on subject position, with inanimate antecedents, in a
written corpus consisting of British and Australian Hansard materials over
five sampling years (1901, 1935, 1965, 1995, 2015). Our aim is to determine
how processing-related factors and prescriptivism-related factors influence
processes of language variation and change across two varieties of English.
We analyse how the language-external variables of period and variety
(British, Australian) interact with two groups of language-internal
variables, namely predictors related to language processing and linguistic
predictors associated with prescriptivism. The analysis shows that the
relativiser that has been on the rise over the past
century. The increase is particularly pronounced in the British Hansard, as
which was comparatively frequent in early
twentieth-century British material. As to the relative importance of
predictors, we find that language-external predictors are the most important
in conditioning the variation in relative markers, followed by
processing-related constraints. Prescriptivism-related variables tend to
generally be less important in this type of variation.
Morphosyntactic and pragmatic variation in conditional constructions in
English and Spanish parliamentary discourse
Authors: Lastres-López Cristina
Published: October 2023

This chapter explores conditional constructions
introduced by if and si in British English
and European Spanish parliamentary discourse, with data drawn from the
Hansard Corpus of the British parliament and the Diario de Sesiones
del Congreso de los Diputados of the Spanish parliament. I
propose a categorisation of conditionals according to the metafunctions set
out by Halliday and Matthiessen
(2014), in order to encompass prototypical and less prototypical
uses of these constructions. Corpus findings indicate that in addition to
their prototypical use in expressing cause–consequence relations,
conditionals in parliamentary discourse also function, to a lesser extent,
as interpersonal and textual devices, especially in Spanish. Results also
suggest a correlation between pragmatic and morphosyntactic variation in
some of these constructions.
Investigation on the mechanical properties of composite fiber membranes with different concentration of EVOH/Ag/AC
Authors: Xu Chao , Zhang Chuanwei , Liu Dandan , Meng Siyu , Wang Bin
Published: October 2023

There are several requirements of properties for filter material: adsorption, antibacterial property, air permeability, mechanical properties, etc. Electrospinning technology is a recognized method with great potential to fabricate nanofiber membrane. In particular, the mechanical properties need to be well understood for applications where the membrane is subjected external loading, e.g. tension forces which could be monotonic or cyclic. In this study, the mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) nanofiber membranes loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated in detail. Static load tensile tests were carried out for nine groups of membranes with different mass fraction of EVOH (7.5%, 10%, 12.5%) and concentration ratios of Ag/AC (2:5, 1:1, 5:2). The results showed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of this membrane would increase with the increase of EVOH mass fraction. When the mass fraction of EVOH is 7.5% and the concentration ratio of Ag/AC is 1:1, the fracture strength of nanofiber membrane was the highest, which was 0.1545 MPa.
Can we improve electrocorticography using a circular grid array in brain tumor surgery?
Authors: Freund Brin E , Sherman Wendy J , Sabsevitz David S , Middlebrooks Erik H , Feyissa Anteneh M , Garcia Diogo Moniz , Grewal Sanjeet S , Chaichana Kaisorn L , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Tatum William O
Published: October 2023

Intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) is used as an adjunct to localize the epileptogenic zone during surgical resection of brain tumors in patients with focal epilepsies. It also enables monitoring of after-discharges and seizures with EEG during functional brain mapping with electrical stimulation. When seizures or after-discharges are present, they complicate accurate interpretation of the mapping strategy to outline the brain’s eloquent function and can affect the surgical procedure. Recurrent seizures during surgery requires urgent treatment and, when occurring during awake craniotomy, often leads to premature termination of brain mapping due to post-ictal confusion or sedation from acute rescue therapy. There are mixed results in studies on efficacy with iECoG in patients with epilepsy and brain tumors influencing survival and functional outcomes following surgery. Commercially available electrode arrays have inherent limitations. These could be improved with customization potentially leading to greater precision in safe and maximal resection of brain tumors. Few studies have assessed customized electrode grid designs as an alternative to commercially available products. Higher density electrode grids with intercontact distances less than 1 cm improve spatial delineation of electrophysiologic sources, including epileptiform activity, electrographic seizures, and afterdischarges on iECoG during functional brain mapping. In response to the shortcomings of current iECoG grid technologies, we designed and developed a novel higher-density hollow circular electrode grid array. The 360-degree iECoG monitoring capability allows continuous EEG recording during surgical intervention through the aperture with and without electrical stimulation mapping. Compared with linear strip electrodes that are commonly used for iECoG during surgery, the circular grid demonstrates significant benefits in brain tumor surgery. This includes quicker recovery of post-operative motor deficits (2.4 days versus 9 days, p = 0.05), more extensive tumor resection (92.0% versus 77.6%, p = 0.003), lesser reduction in Karnofsky Performance scale postoperatively (−2 versus −11.6, p = 0.007), and more sensitivity to recording afterdischarges. In this narrative review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available recording devices in the operating room and focus on the usefulness of the higher-density circular grid.
PDMS-metal oxide nanocomposites as transparent encapsulants for flexible electronic devices
Authors: Nagasarvari Garikapati , Nair Nitheesh M , Ranade Shyama D , Neelakantan Lakshman , Swaminathan Parasuraman
Published: October 2023

Encapsulation is integral to electronic devices for maintaining long-term functionality and stability. While a variety of materials and solutions are available for conventional silicon-based electronics, not all of them are suitable for flexible optoelectronic devices. Typically, these devices require materials with low processing temperature, while maintaining both the optical and electrical functionality. Simple deposition and low cost are added advantages. In this work, we show that pure polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and its composites with metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are suitable encapsulants for flexible electronics. These coatings are electrically and thermally insulating, optically transparent (controllable by the amount of metal oxides), hydrophobic (contact angle 

>

 114∘), and offer good environmental protection. The coatings can be prepared by a simple spin coating process and annealed at temperatures less than 150 ∘C. The performance of pure PDMS and PDMS-metal oxides were evaluated using different characterisation techniques. These coatings were also tested on printed silver nanowire patterns and commercial flexible NFC (near field communication) tags. The addition of up to 2 wt.% ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles was found to improve the properties of PDMS, improving the environmental protection (showing a Bode impedance of the order of 10

8

Ω

-

c
m

2

), without significantly affecting the optical transparency (

>

73% transmittance).
Extending the Brand to the Stage
Authors: Thierens Sanne , van Wijhe Jeroen
Published: October 2023

Ever since Disney started exporting its Broadway musicals to Europe, changes have been made to adapt them to the perceived requirements of the local market. Some of these changes have arguably made these productions more successful in continental Europe than they have been on Broadway, with Tarzan as the biggest success story. This chapter will analyse the way in which Disney Theatrical Productions has, in collaboration with European producers, furthered the globalisation of the stage musical by turning stage adaptations that flopped in New York into unexpected regional hits, focusing on productions of Disney musicals in the Netherlands and Belgium.
Globalizing Nation States and National Education Projects
Authors: Ramirez Francisco O. , Lee Seungah S.
Published: October 2023

How does a world society perspective inform our understanding of the relationship between globalization and education? This chapter addresses this question by first reiterating the key assumptions of this perspective and showing how its main conceptual building blocks differ from more realist perspectives. The chapter emphasizes the degree to which the nation state and mass schooling and higher education as nation state projects globalized and, in turn, contributed to the globalization of an idealized nation state and its key institutions. Next, the chapter revisits world society research directions in two domains: (1) portraits of state, society, and the individual in textbooks, and (2) transformations in higher education. More specifically, the chapter gauges the impact of world society models of “the good society” on educational developments. In conclusion, the chapter reflects on which educational developments are likely to persist and which are more vulnerable to challenges to the dominant and guiding visions of progress and justice.
Historical Institutionalism in Education and Globalization
Authors: Graf Lukas
Published: October 2023

Historical new institutionalism (HI) emphasizes the relevance of temporal sequences, path dependencies, and critical junctures in the study of institutional change. Through this lens, globalization is typically analyzed in terms of how it is related to distinct national trajectories of institutional development. This chapter first presents key concepts of HI and its contributions linked to the study of education, training, and globalization. It then outlines how the historical-institutional analysis of globalization pressures is linked to different modes of change. Next, the chapter offers a case study of recent reforms in the German vocational education and training sector related to global educational expansion and academization. Findings include that in this sector the main pattern of gradual institutional change is layering, implying that new institutions are added on top of existing ones. The conclusion discusses the proposed sectoral HI perspective as well as prospects for further research at the nexus of HI, education, and globalization.
Globalization, New Institutionalisms, and the Political Dimension
Authors: Maroy Christian , Pons Xavier
Published: October 2023

This chapter looks at the political dimension involved in the globalization of education from a neoinstitutionalist perspective, based on a literature review. This review shows that since the 2000s, three major research strands have sedimented. The first is structured around world culture theory and the debates it has generated. The second questions the institutional mediations of globalization at work in different educational contexts. The third focuses on institutional change and the new institutional constructions to which this globalization gives rise. These strands imply different visions of globalization and the role of policy and politics in the changes being studied. While world culture makes globalization the core concept but devotes little attention to the political dimension, research strands 2 and 3 do the opposite: They give an unclear status to the globalization concept but offer rich conceptualization of the political dimension of globalization. The chapter concludes that the political dimension should be included more frontally in neoinstitutionalist conceptualizations of globalization in education, and it suggests a related research agenda.
Mobilizing Whiteness
Authors: Shahjahan Riyad A. , Edwards Kirsten T.
Published: October 2023

Amid growing debates about globalization of higher education (HE), an analysis of race as a structural force underlying this global phenomenon remains undertheorized. Drawing on the Whiteness as futurity framework (Shahjahan & Edwards, 2022), this chapter provides a critical race temporal account of globalization of HE by critically examining mobility trends in global HE, namely: (a) mobility of imaginaries, (b) mobility of people, and (c) mobility of resources. It demonstrates how Whiteness as futurity colonizes (or orients) global subjects’ imaginaries and reinforces the asymmetrical movements, networks, and untethered economies underpinning global HE. The chapter concludes that globalization discussions need to consider its own complicity, tensions, and complexity with modern-onto-epistemic grammar and desires for quick fixes.
What Do NCI Data Tell Us About People Who Need Support for Self-Injurious Behavior
Authors: Bradley Valerie J. , Hiersteiner Dorothy , Rotholz David A. , Li Henan
Published: October 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the data from the National Core Indicators (NCI) In-Person Survey (IPS) regarding people who need support for self-injurious behavior (SIB). It primarily focuses on the characteristics of people who require support for SIB who receive services from state intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) systems and the community. SIB poses challenges when it comes to planning for and supporting a person to live and participate in their community. Thus, supporting people who require support for SIB entails a significant investment of staff and financial resources. The chapter states that the NCI captured the reported need for SIB-related supports, but the provisions and quality of those supports remain unknown.
Transitional Justice of the Grassroots - A Comparative Survey
Authors: Chakravarty Anuradha
Published: October 2023

This chapter challenges two widely prevalent claims about grassroots transitional justice—the first claim is that justice at the grassroots is so contingent and locally-rooted that generalizable findings are elusive; the second posits grassroots dynamics as inconsequential in comparison to the state as the site of high politics. The chapter presents a cross-national micro-comparative framework of transitional justice at the grassroots. Drawing on cases from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the chapter organizes various cases of grassroots justice according to two logics: (i) those that are entirely punitive and aimed at expelling offenders from society to ones based on conditional rehabilitation, and (ii) the main varieties of local participation at the grassroots—those manned by state-appointed operatives at the grassroots and enacting a state vision, to those enacting a state vision but manned by local (often elected) elites as intermediaries, and those genuinely initiated by local actors uninterested in (or in some cases, even taking on) state agendas. The chapter demonstrates that local “low” dynamics are able and have been relied upon to generate “high” power. In particular, the mechanisms identified are mass socialization in the new standards of public life creating a rule-compliant citizenry; generating a human infrastructure of policy implementation and local regulation; and producing within-system interests of potential spoilers, aligning them to the new social contract. Together, these effects stabilize transition regimes in times of political uncertainty, social upheaval, and crisis.
The Affects of Transitional Justice
Authors: Bens Jonas
Published: October 2023

Transitional justice projects are deeply embedded in Western understandings of law. As such, they are influenced by a specific idea in European modernity: that affects, emotions, feelings, and sentiments should be avoided in order to achieve justice. Certain strands of transitional justice scholarship have questioned this assumption and made a plea to take stock of the workings of emotions in transitional justice projects. These kinds of studies, which are reviewed in this chapter, typically engage in a profound critique of “legalism” in transitional justice, arguing that legal proceedings are not well equipped to accommodate peoples’ emotions. Such research on the affective life of transitional justice presents important insights to critically assess why transitional justice succeeds of fails. This scholarship should, however, not too readily take for granted the modernist narrative that Western law is, or at least should be, free of affect. Transitional justice research should instead develop a critical understanding how even the most legalist of proceedings is deeply embedded in affective dynamics, even if analysts might often not label them as such. This means not only investigating affect and transitional justice but also the affects of transitional justice.
Poverty and Learning
Authors: Balfanz Robert , Lofton Richard , Kim-Christian Paula , McDermott Logan , Clark Emily
Published: October 2023

This chapter critically examines the current understanding of the relationship between poverty and learning. It finds that most of the prior and current research on poverty and learning is informed by flawed measurement of poverty, is undercontextualized, and lacks specification in its theorization of how poverty can affect learning. The chapter shows how poverty can affect learning through three avenues: individual well-being and development, opportunity to learn, and institutional and interpersonal interactions that can impede learner agency. It concludes that a better understanding of poverty and learning needs to be built on better measures, greater emphasis on protective factors and individual agency and resiliency, and a more expansive view of what learning is and where it occurs.
A prospective Police Technology Assessment of the use of non-penetrating projectiles for public order maintenance and riot control
Authors: Adang Otto M J , Mali Bas , Vermeulen Kim
Published: October 2023

The paper introduces Police Technology Assessment (PTA) to assess the feasibility of a new technology, in this case non-penetrating projectiles (NPPs) (both single- and multi-pellet) for public order maintenance. A PTA allows for a more complete and realistic assessment of the effects of less-lethal weapons than the medical and technical assessments that are usually applied. It assesses the socio-technical framework in which the weapons are to be positioned, including training, guidelines, and behaviour as well as individual and societal perceptions of the weapon within the complex interactions existing between these factors. The conclusion of the assessment is that implementation of NPPs for public order maintenance or riot control does not provide a realistic or effective potential use in line with the public order management concept in use in the Netherlands, whereas use of such projectiles would carry great risks, which include risks to the societal support for the way the police maintains public order.