bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influencing factors toward e-shoppers' adoption of green last-mile delivery
Authors: Kader Mohammad Shahidul , Rashaduzzaman Md , Huang Xiao , Kim Seeun
Published: November 2022

Purpose

E-commerce continues to experience unprecedented growth, but a lack of understanding of socio-behavioral aspects of green last-mile delivery solutions is conflicting with e-commerce and shipping companies' climate-related pledges to e-shoppers. This study seeks to correct for research deficiencies in the e-commerce context by determining how e-shoppers' adoption of green last-mile delivery might be influenced by socio-behavioral factors, personality traits; and e-shopping motivations.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypotheses, this study collected data from 319 US adults enrolled in an online panel survey and conducted hierarchical regression analyses after controlling for demographic variables.

Findings

Results showed that socio-behavioral variables (attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control) contributed 60.3% of the unique variance in explaining purchase intention via green delivery (PIGD). Notably, e-shopping motivations derived from utilitarian features (convenience and energy efficiency) and experiential features (e-shopping adventure) emerged as significant predictors of PIGD. Although personality traits (conscientiousness and openness) significantly predicted PIGD in the regression model, the individual effect of openness was not significant. Further, demographic subgroups, including gender, education and income level revealed significant outcomes, while age and ethnicity exhibited no significant group differences with the above-mentioned variables.

Practical implications

The study findings would provide online retailers and marketers with in-depth insight on how green marketing initiatives can increase responsible consumers' intention to purchase via green delivery.

Originality/value

This is a one-of-a-kind effort that integrates and tests e-shoppers' socio-behavioral factors, e-shopping motivations and personality traits into a single model.
Determining the requirements of a medical records electronic deficiency management system: a mixed-method study
Authors: Salmanizadeh Farzad , Ameri Arefeh , Ahmadian Leila , Mirmohammadi Mahboubeh , Khajouei Reza
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Despite the presence of electronic medical records systems, traditional paper-based methods are often used in many countries to document data and eliminate medical record deficiencies. These methods waste patient and hospital resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the traditional deficiency management system and determine the requirements of an electronic deficiency management system in settings that currently use paper records alongside electronic hospital information systems.

Design/methodology/approach

This mixed-method study was performed in three phases. First, the traditional process of medical records deficiency management was qualitatively evaluated. Second, the accuracy of identifying deficiencies by the traditional and redesigned checklists was compared. Third, the requirements for an electronic deficiency management system were discussed in focus group sessions.

Findings

Problems in the traditional system include inadequate guidelines, incomplete procedures for evaluating sheets and subsequent delays in activities. Problems also included the omission of some vital data elements and a lack of feedback about the documentation deficiencies of each documenter. There was a significant difference between the mean number of deficiencies identified by traditional and redesigned checklists (p < 0.0001). The authors proposed an electronic deficiency management system based on redesigned checklists with improved functionalities such as discriminating deficiencies based on the documenter’s role, providing systematic feedback and generating automatic reports.

Originality/value

Previous studies only examined the positive effect of audit and feedback methods to enhance the documentation of data elements in electronic and paper medical records. The authors propose an electronic deficiency management system for medical records to solve those problems. Health-care policymakers, hospital managers and health information systems developers can use the proposed system to manage deficiencies and improve medical records documentation.
Sport event innovation: a preliminary conceptualization and directions for future research
Authors: Hoff Kristina J. , Leopkey Becca , Ellis Dana
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize sport event innovation and propose a fruitful future research agenda for scholars.

Design/methodology/approach

Following Gilson and Goldberg's (2015) criterion of a good conceptual paper, the authors (a) provide a review of the central tenets of innovation and sport innovation literature and link them together within a new definition of sport event innovation, (b) expand the field by suggesting several theoretical perspectives for studying this area and (c) visually represent the links between each aspect of our conceptualization in a figure. Based on our definition, the authors also highlight illustrative examples of sport event innovation.

Findings

This paper provides an initial working definition of sport event innovation and offers avenues of sport event innovation research underpinned by various research perspectives (i.e. process of innovation, institutional theory, stakeholder theory, interorganizational relationships and knowledge-based view) likely to prove useful for the advancement of scholarship in sport event management. Additionally, a general recognition of the potential practical implication related to this paper is discussed.

Originality/value

This conceptual paper bridges the knowledge gap between sport event and innovation research by merging the independent literature and conceptualizing sport event innovation. In doing so, the authors provide an advantageous starting point for future research on innovation in the sport event context with a view towards advancing both theory and practice in this area.
Exploring the future of the “Experience Economy”
Authors: Pine II B. Joseph
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Respecting customers’ time and innovating ways to add value to how they spend it is now a crucial measure of how well companies’ offering experiences fulfill their purpose. Time is limited and attention is scarce, so enterprising companies will increasingly embrace experiences for demand generation.

Design/methodology/approach

To cope with the risks of Covid infection, many consumers shifted their experience menu from physical to digital, from social and communal to familial and individual. 10;But there are some differences that speak to the future of the Experience Economy. 10;

Findings

Instead of focusing on accumulating ever more material objects, the isolation forced by the pandemic has helped consumers to recognize that what gives their lives meaning is their shared experiences with family, loved ones, colleagues and friends.

Practical/implications

All businesses should be thinking creatively about innovating customer transformation opportunities -- for example, a new way for B2B companies to better accomplish their jobs-to-be-done.

Originality/Value

Experiential strategies and innovations that offer customers unique value have emerged in nearly every industry and business. A noted Experience Economy strategist looks at the future of such innovations. 10; 10
Identity and density of parasite exposures alter the outcome of coinfections: Implications for management
Authors: Ramsay Chloe , Rohr Jason R.
Published: November 2022

Although research has focused on density‐dependent responses of hosts to single‐parasite infections, hosts are exposed to numerous parasites simultaneously under natural conditions and if these exposures lead to infections, they can threaten host populations and ecosystem stability. Moreover, spatiotemporal variation in abundance of co‐occurring parasites might influence host infection intensity. If interactions are consistent between different coinfecting parasites, then these patterns could give managers another tool to control disease spread and even predict problematic disease emergences.

We investigated how parasite density and identity alter within‐host coinfection dynamics. To test this, we simultaneously exposed Cuban treefrogs Osteopilus septentrionalis as a model amphibian species to all pairwise combinations of three problematic parasites that commonly coinfect amphibians: the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the nematode Aplectana hamatospicula and Ranavirus. Hosts were exposed to one parasite at a fixed dose and another parasite at a range of five doses.

Higher doses of Bd decreased Ranaviral and A. hamatospicula loads, but Bd load was not influenced by the dose of either parasite. Ranaviral load was negatively associated with A. hamatospicula dose, but A. hamatospicula load was not affected by Ranaviral dose. We found that all the pairwise coinfections were dependent on parasite density and that pairwise interactions were highly asymmetric—strong in one direction and weak in the other—consistent with interactions dominating food webs.

Synthesis and applications: We also revealed that the exposure dose of A. hamatospicula was positively associated with host tolerance to Bd infection and negatively associated with Ranaviral load in hosts. Ranavirus and Bd cause mass die‐offs in amphibians, but A. hamatospicula does not. Therefore, in systems where these parasites coexist, maintaining or increasing densities of A. hamatospicula could reduce the negative effects of Bd and Ranavirus infections. Additionally, if these asymmetric and density‐dependent patterns from community ecology are applicable to other amphibian coinfections or coinfections in other systems, this should allow conservation organizations and resource managers to predict outbreaks and manage host declines associated with deadly parasites by modifying the abundance of coinfecting parasites that might be easier to manage.
Vocabulary changes in adulthood: Main findings and methodological considerations
Authors: Kavé Gitit
Published: November 2022

Background

Vocabulary scores increase until approximately age 65 years and then remain stable or decrease slightly, unlike scores on tests of other cognitive abilities that decline significantly with age.

Aims

To review the findings on ageing‐related changes in vocabulary, and to discuss four methodological issues: research design; test type; measurement; and vocabulary ability as a proxy for general intelligence.

Main Contribution

A discussion of cross‐sectional and longitudinal research designs shows that cohort membership accounts for some but not all ageing‐related changes in vocabulary, and that drop‐out and test–retest effects do not alter conclusions regarding these changes. Test type affects age trends in vocabulary, and if researchers use only one test, they should choose a multiple‐choice synonym test. While some authors suggest that vocabulary tests do not measure the same underlying ability in younger and older adults, more research of this suggestion is needed. A brief examination of the use of vocabulary ability as a proxy for general intelligence in healthy ageing and for premorbid abilities in dementia indicates that such practice is often questionable.

Conclusions

Vocabulary knowledge increases through the mid‐60s regardless of measurement method. However, there is little information on how word knowledge serves other verbal skills in old age, how and when adults learn new words, or how much exposure is necessary for meanings to remain in storage for a lifetime. Research of these issues may require new methodologies, as well as novel theoretical accounts of ageing‐related effects on vocabulary.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on this subject

Unlike many cognitive abilities that decline with ageing, vocabulary knowledge continues to increase until approximately age 65, and then remains stable or decreases slightly. These findings have been replicated in different research designs and across languages.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

The article presents a summary of findings on changes in vocabulary across adulthood, and a discussion of four key methodological issues: research design, test type, measurement, and the use of vocabulary ability as a proxy for general intelligence.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

To better understand changes in vocabulary knowledge across adulthood, clinicians must be aware of methodological considerations that affect the field. Such considerations have direct clinical implications regarding the choice of vocabulary tests and their use as a proxy for other abilities in both healthy older adults and in individuals with dementia.
Biological and technical challenges for implementation of yeast‐based biosensors
Authors: Wahid Ehtisham , Ocheja Ohiemi Benjamin , Marsili Enrico , Guaragnella Cataldo , Guaragnella Nicoletta
Published: November 2022

Biosensors are low‐cost and low‐maintenance alternatives to conventional analytical techniques for biomedical, industrial and environmental applications. Biosensors based on whole microorganisms can be genetically engineered to attain high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of selected analytes. While bacteria‐based biosensors have been extensively reported, there is a recent interest in yeast‐based biosensors, combining the microbial with the eukaryotic advantages, including possession of specific receptors, stability and high robustness. Here, we describe recently reported yeast‐based biosensors highlighting their biological and technical features together with their status of development, that is, laboratory or prototype. Notably, most yeast‐based biosensors are still in the early developmental stage, with only a few prototypes tested for real applications. Open challenges, including systematic use of advanced molecular and biotechnological tools, bioprospecting, and implementation of yeast‐based biosensors in electrochemical setup, are discussed to find possible solutions for overcoming bottlenecks and promote real‐world application of yeast‐based biosensors.
Isotopic marking of natural enemies fed on C4 honey for habitat management studies in agroecosystems
Authors: Robles‐Vallet Carmen , Foronda Jesús , Ruano Francisca , Moreno‐Rojas José M. , Téllez Mª. Mar , González Mónica , Montenegro‐Gómez José C. , Muñoz‐Redondo José , Barranco Pablo , Rodríguez Estefanía
Published: November 2022

To improve biological control and habitat management, how pest predators spread from natural habitats to crops must be understood. We studied whether intrinsic differences in stable‐isotopic ratios of C and N from an artificial C4 (sugar‐cane) or C3 (muti‐flower honey) diet could help mark and track predators that feed on them.

Two aphid predators solely feeding on sugar resources as adults were used: the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea s.l., and the parasitic wasp Aphidius colemani. δ13C and δ15N values from wild individuals helped distinguish them from marked ones and determine the habitat resources they used.

Green lacewings fed on C4 showed significantly higher δ13C values than those on C3 and wild individuals. However, parasitoid values were unaffected, with no mark acquired. Logistic regression was fitted to assess the probability of green lacewings having either diet with a probability of 0.93. Marks were acquired after 5 days and were detectable 20 days after switching diets with a probability of 0.67. Similar δ15N values for both wild populations indicated both predators had similar prey, but different vegetal resources (different δ13C values).

Sugar‐cane honey is a natural and reliable marker for tracking lacewing populations in the field, but not for parasitoids.
Cyberloafing: A review and research agenda
Authors: Lim Vivien K. G. , Teo Thompson S. H.
Published: November 2022

In an increasingly digitized world, the concept of cyberloafing has gained much attention as employees use the Internet for personal purposes during work hours. Over the last two decades, scholars have examined different aspects and types of cyberloafing in a variety of contexts, developed typologies to categorize them, and discussed the antecedents, consequences, and regulation of cyberloafing. Due to the growing interest in this topic, a comprehensive and updated review of existing literature is much needed. In this review, we examine research on cyberloafing at the workplace settings. We also developed and presented a research model that integrates existing studies and propose directions for future research.
Formative assessment strategies for students' conceptions—The potential of learning analytics
Authors: Stanja Judith , Gritz Wolfgang , Krugel Johannes , Hoppe Anett , Dannemann Sarah
Published: November 2022

Formative assessment is considered to be helpful in students' learning support and teaching design. Following Aufschnaiter's and Alonzo's framework, formative assessment practices of teachers can be subdivided into three practices: eliciting evidence, interpreting evidence and responding. Since students' conceptions are judged to be important for meaningful learning across disciplines, teachers are required to assess their students' conceptions. The focus of this article lies on the discussion of learning analytics for supporting the assessment of students' conceptions in class. The existing and potential contributions of learning analytics are discussed related to the named formative assessment framework in order to enhance the teachers' options to consider individual students' conceptions. We refer to findings from biology and computer science education on existing assessment tools and identify limitations and potentials with respect to the assessment of students' conceptions.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Students' conceptions are considered to be important for learning processes, but interpreting evidence for learning with respect to students' conceptions is challenging for teachers.

Assessment tools have been developed in different educational domains for teaching practice.

Techniques from artificial intelligence and machine learning have been applied for automated assessment of specific aspects of learning.

What does the paper add

Findings on existing assessment tools from two educational domains are summarised and limitations with respect to assessment of students' conceptions are identified.

Relevent data that needs to be analysed for insights into students' conceptions is identified from an educational perspective.

Potential contributions of learning analytics to support the challenging task to elicit students' conceptions are discussed.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Learning analytics can enhance the eliciting of students' conceptions.

Based on the analysis of existing works, further exploration and developments of analysis techniques for unstructured text and multimodal data are desirable to support the eliciting of students' conceptions.
Risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement predict compliance with COVID‐19 public health measures
Authors: Lin Tian , Heemskerk Amber , Harris Elizabeth A. , Ebner Natalie C.
Published: November 2022

Public health measures such as spatial distancing and physical hygiene have been found effective in mitigating the spread of the coronavirus. However, there is considerable variability in individual compliance with such public health measures and factors contributing to these interindividual differences are currently still understudied. The present study set out to determine the role of risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement on compliance with COVID‐19 public health measures and explored variations in these associations across participant age and the developmental status of a country, leveraging a large multi‐national data set (N = 45,772) across 66 countries/territories, collected via online survey during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic (between April and May 2020). Human Development Index (HDI), developed by the United Nations Development Program, was used as a proxy of a country's achievement in key dimensions of human development. Overall, higher risk perception was associated with greater compliance, particularly in individuals with greater conspiracy theory endorsement. Specifically, people from more developed countries who perceived themselves less at risk but showed stronger conspiracy theory endorsement reported the lowest compliance with COVID‐19 public health measures. Findings from this study advance understanding of the interplay between risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement in their effect on compliance with COVID‐19 public health measures, under consideration of both individual‐level and country‐level demographic variables and have potential to inform the design of tailored interventions to fight the current and future global pandemics.
Epidemiological study of myasthenia gravis in Japan
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroaki
Published: November 2022

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune‐mediated neurological disorder. The relationship between MG and thymic abnormalities is well recognized, and thymectomy is one of the therapies for anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive MG. The major pathogenic factor is anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody followed by anti‐muscle‐specific kinase antibody, and commercial kits are available to detect these antibodies. Several decades ago, the prognosis of MG was not favorable; therefore, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (predecessor of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare) organized a Taskforce for Intractable Diseases, which included MG, in 1972. The Taskforce carried out consecutive epidemiological studies for MG in 1973, 1987, 2006 and 2018. The four studies found: (i) increasing prevalence; (ii) increasing late‐ and elderly‐onset; (iii) decreasing female dominancy; (iv) decreasing infantile‐onset (onset age of 0–4 years); and (v) decreasing frequencies of crisis. The latest epidemiological study in Japan and studies from other countries suggest an increasing number of patients with anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive MG without thymoma in the elderly. It is important to find out the causes of this phenomenon, which will improve the prevention of MG.
Conducting large‐scale mixed‐method research on harm and abuse prevention with children under 12: Learning from a UK feasibility study
Authors: Barter Christine , Batool Farwa , Charles Joanna , Devaney John , Farrelly Nicola , Hayes David , Kurdi Zain , Millar Annemarie , Monks Claire , Richardson Foster Helen , Radford Lorraine , Tudor Edwards Rhiannon , Winrow Eira , Stanley Nicky
Published: November 2022

This paper reports on a feasibility study for an evaluation of a UK primary school‐based prevention programme that addresses multiple forms of abuse and neglect, identifying research design and ethical issues and exploring research practice. For this feasibility study, 194 children aged 6–11 years completed a baseline survey and 113 did so following the intervention. Eight focus groups were undertaken with 52 children and nine interviews with school staff. We highlight key considerations for conducting large‐scale mixed‐method research on sensitive topics with younger children, a focus that is largely absent from the extant research methods literature. The feasibility study showed that younger children can contribute their views on sensitive topics in ways that are measurable, replicable and reliable, contesting ideas that certain topics are too sensitive to explore with younger children.
‘Stranger danger’, ‘abduction risks’ and ‘fear’: Media coverage of children's independent mobility and parental attitudes
Authors: Bennetts Shannon K. , Cooklin Amanda R. , Nicholson Jan M. , Hackworth Naomi J. , Green Julie , Zubrick Stephen R. , Crawford Sharinne B.
Published: November 2022

The media plays a powerful role in shaping health‐related attitudes and behaviours. We investigated media reports about children's independent mobility (CIM) and associations with parental attitudes towards CIM. CIM‐related media reports (newspaper, online, television) during a 3‐month period were extracted from two databases. Concurrent parental attitudes were collected via telephone interview from 1779 parents of children aged 9–15 years. Media reports were overwhelmingly negative: 94% mentioned only risks and 6% mentioned benefits. There was no association between media reports and parental attitudes. Parental CIM attitudes are often complex and pervasive and may not be shifted by media coverage alone.
Preserving national values: Reproduction of national identity in a school ofQenie
Authors: Kassa Taglo
Published: November 2022

Schools pursued multiple ways to cultivate national identity amongst students, but not all approaches are effective. Drawn from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in rural Ethiopia, this study aims at exploring how national identity is reproduced through the knowledge system of the Ethiopian OrthodoxTewahedoChurch (EOTC). By exploring the daily lives of students in the school ofQenie, the findings show detailed practices and how the school system exposes them to a multitude of cultural resources that help in national identity reproduction. The study has important implications for practice and policy to reinforce a healthy approach to nurturing valued aspects of the nation.
Implant deformation and implant–abutment fracture resistance after standardized artificial aging: An in vitro study
Authors: Zhai Zhihao , Nakano Tamaki , Chen Yuming , Watanabe Shota , Matsuoka Takashi , Ishigaki Shoichi
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

Zirconia abutments have been widely adopted in clinical implant practice. The unique mechanical properties of zirconia may significantly affect the long‐term prognosis of implant treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of abutment material on implant deformation and fracture resistance of internal conical connection implant–abutment complexes of two diameters after standardized artificial aging.

Materials and methods

Thirty original abutments (one‐piece titanium, one‐piece zirconia, zirconia with alloy base) with two diameters (regular, narrow) were connected to internal conical connection implants and subjected to a standardized artificial aging process consisting of thermal cycling and mechanical cyclic loading. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans of implant bodies were performed before and after aging. 3‐dimensional images of implant bodies were generated from the μCT scans and aligned for before and after aging to calculate the volumetric deformation amount. Finally, fracture resistance was measured using a mechanical static loading test for the surviving aged and 30 brand‐new specimens.

Results

All specimens survived artificial aging. No significant difference in implant deformation was found in the regular groups (p = 0.095). In narrow groups, the one‐piece zirconia group showed significantly less deformation (p < 0.0001). For fracture resistance, no significant decrease was observed after aging in any group (p > 0.05). One‐piece zirconia abutments showed significantly lower strength than the other two materials for both diameters (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

In the regular diameter system, abutment material had no significant influence on the tested mechanical property degradation after simulated long‐term oral use. The mechanical performance of narrow diameter one‐piece zirconia abutments differed from the other two materials. For optimal performance, one‐piece zirconia abutments should be adopted only in anterior regions.
Mapping the current trends and hotspots of vascular cognitive impairment from 2000–2021: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Han Xu , Zhang Jian , Chen Sifan , Yu Weifeng , Zhou Yan , Gu Xiyao
Published: November 2022

Aims

To visualize the trends and hotspots in the scientific research related to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) quantitatively and qualitatively.

Methods

Cross‐sectional bibliometric analysis of publications that related to VCI was conducted. Publications were found by searching in the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) – Edition: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI‐Expanded) from January 2000 to December 2021. Publication type was restricted to article and review in the English language. The downloaded data were screened and analyzed in January 2022.

Results

In total, 16,264 publications were identified, with a steady increase in annual publications. The United States was the leading country in VCI research regarding publication numbers and national influence. National Institute of Aging had the highest influence among all the institutes in the field of VCI. Philip Scheltens was the most active author. The top five active authors' publications focused on pathobiology, neuroimaging standards, risk factors, prevention, and the standard diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD). A co‐cited publication clustering resulted in 19 main clusters, and the prevention, blood–brain barrier, cholesterol, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and VaD were the top 5 clusters. Moreover, burst keywords detection revealed that the “small vessel disease” is the current hotspot in the field of VCI.

Conclusions

This bibliometric analysis mapped the overall research structure of VCI and analyzed the current research trends and hotspots for future studies orientation. Neuroimaging, risk factors detection, and pathobiology are the current trends in VCI research. Small vessel disease and its mechanisms are the current hotspots of VCI research.
Antidepressant drug–drug–drug interactions associated with unintentional traumatic injury: Screening for signals in real‐world data
Authors: Chen Cheng , Hennessy Sean , Brensinger Colleen M. , Bilker Warren B. , Dublin Sascha , Chung Sophie P. , Horn John R. , Bogar Kacie F. , Leonard Charles E.
Published: November 2022

Antidepressants are associated with traumatic injury and are widely used with other medications. It remains unknown how drug–drug–drug interactions (3DIs) between antidepressants and two other drugs may impact potential injury risks associated with antidepressants. We aimed to generate hypotheses regarding antidepressant 3DI signals associated with elevated injury rates. Using 2000–2020 Optum's de‐identified Clinformatics Data Mart, we performed a self‐controlled case series study for each drug triad consisting of an antidepressant + codispensed drug (base‐pair) with a candidate interacting medication (precipitant). We included persons aged greater than or equal to 16 years who (1) experienced an injury and (2) used a candidate precipitant, during base‐pair therapy. We compared injury rates during observation time exposed to the drug triad versus the base‐pair only, adjusting for time‐varying covariates. We calculated adjusted rate ratios (RRs) using conditional Poisson regression and accounted for multiple comparisons via semi‐Bayes shrinkage. Among 147,747 eligible antidepressant users with an injury, we studied 120,714 antidepressant triads, of which 334 (0.3%) were positively associated with elevated injury rates and thus considered potential 3DI signals. Adjusted RRs for signals ranged from 1.31 (1.04–1.65) for sertraline + levothyroxine with tramadol (vs. without tramadol) to 6.60 (3.23–13.46) for escitalopram + simvastatin with aripiprazole (vs. without aripiprazole). Nearly half of the signals (137, 41.0%) had adjusted RRs greater than or equal to 2, suggesting strong associations with injury. The identified signals may represent antidepressant 3DIs of potential clinical concern and warrant future etiologic studies to test these hypotheses.
Gaps in humanitarian WASH response: perspectives from people affected by crises, practitioners, global responders, and the literature
Authors: Yates Travis , Bastable Andy , Allen John , Hestbæk Cecilie , Hasan Bushra , Hutchings Paul , Ramos Monica , Ngasala Tula , Lantagne Daniele
Published: November 2022

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions prevent and control disease in humanitarian response. To inform future funding and policy priorities, WASH ‘gaps’ were identified via 220 focus‐group discussions with people affected by crises and WASH practitioners, 246 global survey respondents, and 614 documents. After extraction, 2,888 (48 per cent) gaps from direct feedback and 3,151 (52 per cent) from literature were categorised. People affected by crises primarily listed ‘services gaps’, including a need for water, sanitation, solid waste disposal, and hygiene items. Global survey respondents principally cited ‘mechanism gaps’ in providing services, including collaboration, WASH staffing expertise, and community engagement. Literature highlighted gaps in health (but not other) WASH intervention impacts. Overall, people affected by crises wanted the ‘what’ (services), responders wanted the ‘how’ (to supply), and researchers wanted the ‘why’ (health consequences). This study suggests a need for a renewed focus on basic WASH services, collaboration across stakeholders, and research on WASH outcomes beyond health.
Strain‐dependent differences in coordination of yeast signalling networks
Authors: Scott Taylor D. , Xu Ping , McClean Megan N.
Published: November 2022

The yeast mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways serve as a model system for understanding how network interactions affect the way in which cells coordinate the response to multiple signals. We have quantitatively compared two yeast strain backgrounds YPH499 and ∑1278b (both of which have previously been used to study these pathways) and found several important differences in how they coordinate the interaction between the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) and mating pathways. In the ∑1278b background, in response to simultaneous stimulus, mating pathway activation is dampened and delayed in a dose‐dependent manner. In the YPH499 background, only dampening is dose‐dependent. Furthermore, leakage from the HOG pathway into the mating pathway (crosstalk) occurs during osmostress alone in the ∑1278b background only. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase Hog1p suppresses crosstalk late in an induction time course in both strains but does not affect the early crosstalk seen in the ∑1278b background. Finally, the kinase Rck2p plays a greater role suppressing late crosstalk in the ∑1278b background than in the YPH499 background. Our results demonstrate that comparisons between laboratory yeast strains provide an important resource for understanding how signalling network interactions are tuned by genetic variation without significant alteration to network structure.
Sustaining productivity gains in the face of climate change: A research agenda for US wheat
Authors: Kusunose Yoko , Rossi Jairus J. , Van Sanford David A. , Alderman Phillip D. , Anderson James A. , Chai Yuan , Gerullis Maria K. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna , Paul Pierce A. , Tack Jesse B. , Wright Brian D.
Published: November 2022

Wheat is a globally important crop and one of the “big three” US field crops. But unlike the other two (maize and soybean), in the United States its development is commercially unattractive, and so its breeding takes place primarily in public universities. Troublingly, the incentive structures within these universities may be hindering genetic improvement just as climate change is complicating breeding efforts. “Business as usual” in the US public wheat‐breeding infrastructure may not sustain productivity increases. To address this concern, we held a multidisciplinary conference in which researchers from 12 US (public) universities and one European university shared the current state of knowledge in their disciplines, aired concerns, and proposed initiatives that could facilitate maintaining genetic improvement of wheat in the face of climate change. We discovered that climate‐change‐oriented breeding efforts are currently considered too risky and/or costly for most university wheat breeders to undertake, leading to a relative lack of breeding efforts that focus on abiotic stressors such as drought and heat. We hypothesize that this risk/cost burden can be reduced through the development of appropriate germplasm, relevant screening mechanisms, consistent germplasm characterization, and innovative models predicting the performance of germplasm under projected future climate conditions. However, doing so will require coordinated, longer‐term, inter‐regional efforts to generate phenotype data, and the modification of incentive structures to consistently reward such efforts.
Natural Clinopyroxene Reference Materials for In Situ Microanalysis
Authors: Li Wenjun , Wang Jing , Cui Mengmeng , Liu Xia , Jia Lihui , Chen Kaiyun , Wu Shitou , Gao Bingyu , Xue Dingshuai , Liu Yanhong , Li Chao , Luo Yang , Su Benxun
Published: November 2022

Two clinopyroxene megacrysts, DMP‐2 and DMP‐3, were collected from Cenozoic alkali basalts in the Hannuoba region of China. They were characterised for major and trace element compositions for in situ microanalysis. EPMA and LA‐ICP‐MS analyses indicate homogeneity in the element mass fractions in both clinopyroxene samples. Bulk analyses using various techniques (XRF, ICP‐OES and solution ICP‐MS) also reveal good consistency in their major and trace element data. They, thus, can be used as potential reference materials for elemental in situ microanalysis. Accordingly, element mass fractions are recommended for thirty‐two elements.
Physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids induce pathological DNA double‐strand breaks
Authors: Akter Salma , Shimba Akihiro , Ikuta Koichi , Mahmud Md. Rasel Al , Yamada Shintaro , Sasanuma Hiroyuki , Tsuda Masataka , Sone Masakatsu , Ago Yukio , Murai Kenichi , Tanaka Hisashi , Takeda Shunichi
Published: November 2022

Steroid hormones induce the transcription of target genes by activating nuclear receptors. Early transcriptional response to various stimuli, including hormones, involves the active catalysis of topoisomerase II (TOP2) at transcription regulatory sequences. TOP2 untangles DNAs by transiently generating double‐strand breaks (DSBs), where TOP2 covalently binds to DSB ends. When TOP2 fails to rejoin, called “abortive” catalysis, the resulting DSBs are repaired by tyrosyl‐DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) and non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ). A steroid, cortisol, is the most important glucocorticoid, and dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, is widely used for suppressing inflammation in clinics. We here revealed that clinically relevant concentrations of Dex and physiological concentrations of cortisol efficiently induce DSBs in G1 phase cells deficient in TDP2 and NHEJ. The DSB induction depends on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and TOP2. Considering the specific role of TDP2 in removing TOP2 adducts from DSB ends, induced DSBs most likely represent stalled TOP2‐DSB complexes. Inhibition of RNA polymerase II suppressed the DSBs formation only modestly in the G1 phase. We propose that cortisol and Dex frequently generate DSBs through the abortive catalysis of TOP2 at transcriptional regulatory sequences, including promoters or enhancers, where active TOP2 catalysis occurs during early transcriptional response.
Using USGS Program WTAQ and Superposition to Model Stream Depletions
Authors: Durbin Timothy
Published: November 2022

Concerns about streamflow depletions due to groundwater pumping have stimulated the development of various analytical and numerical approaches to quantifying such depletions. Absent among the analytical approaches are those applicable to problems involving a three‐dimensional aquifer with a partially penetrating production well. The U.S. Geological Survey program WTAQ can be used to simulate water‐level declines in a three‐dimensional aquifer without a stream. However, by applying the principles of superposition, WTAQ is used to simulate temporal streamflow depletions due to pumping from a partially penetrating well in a homogeneous, three‐dimensional, horizontally infinite, water‐table aquifer with an arbitrarily located infinitesimally thin stream positioned vertically at the water table.
A qualitative investigation of perceptions towards antibiotics by members of the public after choosing to pledge as an Antibiotic Guardian
Authors: Flintham Lorna , Ashiru‐Oredope Diane , Charlesworth Jordan , Harrison Roger , Dalgarno Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest threats facing global humanity. In 2014, Public Health England (now the UK Health Security Agency) launched the Antibiotic Guardian (AG) campaign as a national health promotion initiative to increase public and health professionals' commitment to reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance (ABR). The aim of this research study was to gain a snapshot of public AG attitudes towards antibiotic use, the AG campaign and illness postpledge.

Methodology

This research used an exploratory study design using thematic and framework analysis of semistructured, in‐depth interviews. A purposive convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit 10 participants; adults in the general population who had registered with and chosen an AG pledge via the AG online platform during November 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Interviews were conducted via Zoom.

Results

Six main themes were identified: campaign awareness, motivators to pledge (uncertainty about the future of ABR, personal gratification, personal responsibility, moral obligation and COVID‐19), perceptions of personal responsibility (and patient perspectives of moral obligation in clinicians), the impact of the campaign and campaign promotion. Pledging appeared to solidify existing perceptions AGs held. Behavioural motivations for responsible antibiotic behaviours stemmed from perceptions of personal responsibility, moral obligation and concerns about ABR. AGs attributed responsibility to variable patterns in overprescribing. Perceptions towards COVID‐19, coinciding with the previously established study period, appeared mixed. AGs were keen to promote responsible perceptions in relation to antibiotics, resistance and the AG campaign. However, poor social acceptability of ABR concern was raised as a barrier to campaign promotion.

Discussion

The AGs' longstanding commitment to antimicrobial resistance demonstrates the importance of a pre‐existing interest in the public's self‐reported judicious behaviours and decision to pledge to an ABR‐focused campaign. Presenting the local and global threat to human mortality and morbidity in a more relatable format in public messaging should be considered in future strategies promoting ABR awareness and shifts in public perceptions. More frequent messaging to existing AGs is further recommended to propagate positive behaviour change among a wider audience.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study was based on interviews with adult members of the public who had pledged to be AGs via the website www.AntibioticGuardian.com. Interviews were based on the public's perceptions of the AG campaign, antibiotic use and ABR.
Oleracone C from Portulaca oleracea attenuates UVB‐induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase and type I procollagen production via MAPK and TGF‐β/Smad pathways in human keratinocytes
Authors: Oh Jung Hwan , Karadeniz Fatih , Lee Jung Im , Seo Youngwan , Kong Chang‐Suk
Published: November 2022

Background

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces photo‐oxidation, which in turn causes the overproduction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen degradation. These symptoms are referred to as photoaging, which is characterized by skin thickness, irregular pigmentation, elastosis and coarse wrinkles. In this study, the protective effects of oleracone C isolated from Portulaca olerace against UVB‐induced changes in MMPs and type I procollagen production were investigated in human keratinocytes.

Methods

Human immortalized keratinocytes have been used as an in vitro cell model to study the abnormal skin barrier development such as in photoaging. The effects of the compound on cell viability were determined by colorimetric MTT assay. This study also measured ROS production using DCFH‐DA assay. Releases of MMPs and type Iα1 procollagen were analysed by ELISA. RT‐PCR and Western blot were carried out to test the expressions of mRNA and proteins related to MMPs and type I procollagen biosynthesis.

Result

Effect of oleracone C against UVB‐mediated oxidative stress was evaluated measuring its ability to eliminate UVB‐induced activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment of oleracone C hindered the production of intracellular ROS. UVB exposure increased MMPs (MMP‐1, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) release from keratinocytes and decreased the release of type I procollagen. Treatment with oleracone C reversed these effects of UVB exposure. Oleracone C treatment also diminished the intracellular expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and elevated the type I procollagen. Oleracone C suppressed the UVB irradiation‐dependent upregulation phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, oleracone C stimulated collagen production through the TGF‐β signalling pathway, which activates collagen synthesis in UVB‐irradiated keratinocytes.

Conclusion

These findings reasonably suggest ameliorating the potential of oleracone C against the UVB‐induced photoaging of the human keratinocytes.
PROBE 2023 guidelines for reporting observational studies in Endodontics: A consensus‐based development study
Authors: Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Duncan Henry F. , Fouad Ashraf F. , Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte , Parashos Peter , Pigg Maria , Væth Michael , Jayaraman Jayakumar , Suresh Nandini , Arias Ana , Wigsten Emma , Dummer Paul M. H.
Published: November 2022

Observational studies are non‐interventional studies that establish the prevalence and incidence of conditions or diseases in populations or analyse the relationship between health status and other variables. They also facilitate the development of specific research questions for future randomized trials or to answer important scientific questions when trials are not possible to carry out. This article outlines the previously documented consensus‐based approach by which the Preferred Reporting items for Observational studies in Endodontics (PROBE) 2023 guidelines were developed. A steering committee of nine members was formed, including the project leaders (PD, VN). The steering committee developed an initial checklist by combining and adapting items from the STrengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles, as well as adding several new items specifically for the specialty of Endodontics. The steering committee then established a PROBE Delphi Group (PDG) and a PROBE Online Meeting Group (POMG) to obtain expert input and feedback on the preliminary draft checklist. The PDG members participated in an online Delphi process to reach consensus on the clarity and suitability of the items present in the PROBE checklist. The POMG then held detailed discussions on the PROBE checklist generated through the online Delphi process. This online meeting was held via the Zoom platform on 7th October 2022. Following this meeting, the steering committee revised the PROBE checklist, which was piloted by several authors when preparing a manuscript describing an observational study for publication. The PROBE 2023 checklist consists of 11 sections and 58 items. Authors are now encouraged to adopt the PROBE 2023 guidelines, which will improve the overall reporting quality of observational studies in Endodontics. The PROBE 2023 checklist is freely available and can be downloaded from the PRIDE website (https://pride‐endodonticguidelines.org/probe/).