bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P. Pierre Buis (1929-2005) : missionnaire et exégète
Authors: Awazi Mbambi Kungua Benoît
Published: April 2015

Je veux rendre un hommage intellectuel et spirituel au Père Pierre Buis (1929-2005), religieux spiritain, missionnaire et exégète. Pour ce faire, j’évoque la personnalité du Père Buis. Je procède ensuite à une traversée cursive de ses écrits exégétiques à partir du paradigme de l’Alliance et, enfin, je donne quelques pistes théologiques et prophétiques pour une réappropriation responsable de son héritage missionnaire par les Églises chrétiennes d’Afrique postcoloniale en établissant une corrélation entre la vie missionnaire et exégétique du Père Pierre Buis avec ma propre quête d’une Christologie négro-africaine de la libération holistique.
Jacques Sys : le choix de la lucidité
Authors: Frank Évelyne
Published: April 2015

Malade, l’universitaire français Jacques Sys s’est hâté, comme on jette une bouteille à la mer, de publier un recueil de poèmes. Il est de fait décédé moins d’un an plus tard. Parmi les thèmes abordés dans l’ouvrage, il y a la confrontation avec la mort. Après un temps de refus, l’auteur opte pour la lucidité : il verra le terrible devant lui, mais aussi la lumière. Un pas plus loin, pour s’être greffé sur Ph 2,6-11, cet homme décide de « descendre méthodiquement », non pas seul, mais avec le Vivant et à sa suite.
Quelques réflexions sur l’Église après le concile
Authors: Batut Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2015

À partir de quoi et au bout de combien de temps peut-on juger un concile? En ce qui concerne Vatican II, le Synode extraordinaire de 1985 avait déjà formulé un «bilan d’étape» qui l’avait conduit à souhaiter la rédaction d’un nouveau Catéchisme, considéré comme un fruit majeur du Concile, même s’il en trahit l’intention: «appliquer» un concile, ce n’est ni en figer la lettre, ni en extrapoler l’esprit, mais apprendre avec l’Église à en déchiffrer les intuitions prophétiques pour un nouvel âge du monde.
Les archives et la matérialité différée du pouvoir
Authors: Potin Yann
Published: April 2015

Au cours du xix e  siècle, les États modernes, qu’ils soient ou non démocratiques, déploient des institutions qui, sous le fronton plus ou moins générique d’« Archives nationales », ont pour objet le dépôt matériel de leur légitimité juridique et/ou constitutionnelle. Mais quelle est la valeur du dépôt dans les archives de ces actes fondateurs de souveraineté, qu’il s’agisse de serments, de pactes ou de lois ? Cet article, qui revient sur les relations complexes entre archives et souveraineté, dévoile combien l’imaginaire matériel de la souveraineté occidentale a partie liée avec trois figures d’incarnation successive du pouvoir à travers l’institution des archives : le trésor, le coffre des lois et la nécropole nationale.
Conserver, détruire, communiquer, dissimuler…
Authors: Lemoine Hervé
Published: April 2015

La justification même de la conservation des archives se trouve dans leur usage immédiat ou différé : justification des droits des personnes et institutions, sources fiables et authentiques pour l’histoire. Face aux nombreux risques qui pèsent sur leur conservation, la loi est en France le premier garde-fou qui permet de les préserver. Des solutions pragmatiques doivent également être mises en œuvre, plaçant l’archiviste au cœur du processus décisionnaire et lui donnant une responsabilité majeure dans la préservation des conditions d’un État de droit.
De l’écrit à internet : comment archive-t-on l’immatériel ?
Authors: Banat-Berger Françoise
Published: April 2015

La révolution numérique en cours est aussi importante que celle qui a conduit, au milieu du xii e  siècle (bien avant l’invention de l’imprimerie donc), à l’avènement de la culture livresque à travers l’apprentissage des technologies alphabétiques. Elle impacte avec force une profession (celle des archivistes) basée depuis le Moyen Âge sur la consignation d’écrits certifiés dont on mesurait la fiabilité et l’authenticité, en passant d’un mode de production stabilisé et durable à des traces numériques volatiles et recomposées sans relâche sur internet. Cet article analyse les réponses apportées à ce redoutable défi, en en mesurant les limites et en évoquant les principaux enjeux actuels.
La fabrique des compromis à la Chambre des représentants américaine et au Parlement européen
Authors: Bendjaballah Selma
Published: April 2015

L’article qui suit s’intéresse à la fabrique des compromis parlementaires au Parlement européen et à la Chambre des Représentants américaine. Longtemps considérés comme étant deux assemblées de compromis, le Parlement européen et la Chambre des représentants offrent aujourd’hui des perspectives d’évolution bien différentes. À l’aide d’exemples concrets, cette contribution entend donc revenir sur les modalités pratiques de formation des compromis et leurs évolutions. Au-delà, cet article entend comprendre l’impact de ces arrangements sur le contenu des politiques publiques : dans quelle mesure et comment cette activité de formation de compromis façonne-t-elle le contenu des politiques votées ? De ce point de vue, la démarche comparée montre que les différentes formes de compromis auxquelles aboutissent les échanges entre élus constituent une variable déterminante pour comprendre le contenu final, tant politique que technique, des textes de loi.
L’objectif d’égalité des sexes dans la mise en œuvre des politiques d’emploi en Seine-Saint-Denis et à Berlin : entre prescriptions communautaires, dynamiques nationales et initiatives locales
Authors: Perrier Gwenaëlle
Published: April 2015

À la fin des années 1990, l’Union européenne a donné une impulsion nouvelle à sa politique d’égalité entre les sexes, qui a concerné en premier lieu le secteur de l’emploi. Quelle est la portée de cette impulsion de l’UE dans les États membres ? Pour répondre à cette question, l’article analyse la mise en œuvre de la politique d’emploi à destination des chômeurs de longue durée dans deux États, la France et l’Allemagne, en centrant l’analyse sur deux territoires locaux, la Seine-Saint-Denis et Berlin. Il montre que si les injonctions communautaires en matière d’égalité entre les sexes dans l’emploi n’ont pas d’effet direct, elles ne sont pas pour autant sans effet : elles constituent des ressources pour les actrices (aux niveaux national et local) désireuses de faire avancer la cause. Pour autant, l’européanisation de l’objectif d’égalité dans l’emploi reste limitée, car le poids des réseaux locaux et des héritages nationaux reste fort dans la dynamique d’intégration de l’objectif d’égalité entre les sexes dans l’emploi.
Caracterización de la aleación Ni53.5-Fe19.5-Ga27 con memoria de forma ferromagnética producida por metalurgia de polvos
Authors: Olmos Luis , Alvarado-Hernández Francisco , Jiménez Omar , Vergara-Hernández Héctor J. , Arroyo Albiter Manuel , Ochoa-Gamboa Raul A.
Published: April 2015

La principal desventaja de las aleaciones con memoria de forma ferromagnéticas obtenidas por fundición es su fragilidad. Para superar esta desventaja la metalurgia de polvos es una técnica ideal para la consolidación de las piezas, por lo que este trabajo se orientó a estudiar el efecto generado por los procesos de molienda y sinterizado de polvos sobre la evolución de las fases cristalinas que le confieren la memoria de forma a estos materiales. Para ello se prepararon polvos de la aleación ferromagnética con memoria de forma Ni53.5-Fe19.5-Ga27 a partir de un lingote fundido mediante molienda mecánica, durante dos tiempos diferentes de molienda de 30 y 60 minutos. La evolución de las fases fue estudiada mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX) a alta temperatura (HTXRD), mientras que el sinterizado fue evaluado por medio de ensayos de dilatometría. Los estudios de DRX mostraron que se pueden presentar cuatro fases diferentes en función del tamaño de partícula y de la temperatura de tratamiento térmico. Los polvos de tamaños más gruesos presentaron una estructura B2 acompañados de la fase γ mientras que los más finos presentaban una estructura L21, cuando se trataron por debajo de 1173 K. Por otro lado, los polvos más finos tenían una estructura martensítica modulada M14 después del sinterizado a una temperatura superior a 1273 K. El sinterizado de los polvos fue lento y no indicó claramente un mecanismo de difusión de masa predominante.
B Cell Antigen Presentation Is Sufficient To Drive Neuroinflammation in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Parker Harp Chelsea R. , Archambault Angela S. , Sim Julia , Ferris Stephen T. , Mikesell Robert J. , Koni Pandelakis A. , Shimoda Michiko , Linington Christopher , Russell John H. , Wu Gregory F.
Published: April 2015

B cells are increasingly regarded as integral to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, in part as a result of the success of B cell–depletion therapy. Multiple B cell–dependent mechanisms contributing to inflammatory demyelination of the CNS have been explored using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a CD4 T cell–dependent animal model for multiple sclerosis. Although B cell Ag presentation was suggested to regulate CNS inflammation during EAE, direct evidence that B cells can independently support Ag-specific autoimmune responses by CD4 T cells in EAE is lacking. Using a newly developed murine model of in vivo conditional expression of MHC class II, we reported previously that encephalitogenic CD4 T cells are incapable of inducing EAE when B cells are the sole APC. In this study, we find that B cells cooperate with dendritic cells to enhance EAE severity resulting from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunization. Further, increasing the precursor frequency of MOG-specific B cells, but not the addition of soluble MOG-specific Ab, is sufficient to drive EAE in mice expressing MHCII by B cells alone. These data support a model in which expansion of Ag-specific B cells during CNS autoimmunity amplifies cognate interactions between B and CD4 T cells and have the capacity to independently drive neuroinflammation at later stages of disease.
Physical Activity Levels in College Students With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Hubbard-Turner Tricia , Turner Michael J.
Published: April 2015

Context

Ankle sprains are the most common orthopaedic pathologic condition, and more concerning is the high percentage of persons who develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Researchers have reported that patients with CAI are restricted occupationally, have more functional limitations, and have a poorer health-related quality of life. We do not know if these limitations decrease physical activity levels.

Objective

To assess total weekly steps taken between persons with CAI and persons with healthy ankles.

Design

Case-control study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 20 participants with unilateral CAI (9 men, 11 women; age = 21.2 ± 1.9 years, height = 174.3 ± 6.9 cm, mass = 71.9 ± 11.7 kg) and 20 healthy participants (9 men, 11 women; age = 20.4 ± 2.1 years, height = 172.1 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 73.1 ± 13.4 kg) volunteered.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We provided all participants with a pedometer and instructed them to wear it every day for 7 days and to complete a daily step log. They also completed the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), the FAAM Sport version, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A 2-way analysis of variance (group × sex) was used to determine if differences existed in the total number of weekly steps, ankle laxity, and answers on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire between groups and between sexes.

Results

We found no group × sex interaction for step count (F range = 0.439–2.108, P = .08). A main effect for group was observed (F1,38 = 10.45, P = .04). The CAI group took fewer steps than the healthy group (P = .04). The average daily step count was 6694.47 ± 1603.35 for the CAI group and 8831.01 ± 1290.01 for the healthy group. The CAI group also scored lower on the FAAM (P = .01) and the FAAM Sport version (P = .01).

Conclusions

The decreased step count that the participants with CAI demonstrated is concerning. This decreased physical activity may be secondary to the functional limitations reported. If this decrease in physical activity level continues for an extended period, CAI may potentially be a substantial health risk if not treated appropriately.
Erosive rhinitis resembling granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) in an Anatolian shepherd dog
Authors: Böhm Marlies , Basson Sandra
Published: April 2015

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) is one of the idiopathicimmune-mediated small-vessel vasculitides described in humans which are characterised bythe presence of circulating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. It most commonly involvescapillaries, venules and arterioles of the ear, nose and throat, lungs and glomeruli. A caseof destructive haemopurulent rhinitis associated with relapsing periods of pyrexia, lethargyand stiffness as well as generalised pulmonary infiltrates in a young Anatolian shepherddog is presented that closely resembles granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) as reportedin humans. Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) were detectedin the dog’s serum. Signs resolved promptly and completely once immunosuppressivedoses of prednisone were administered, and have not recurred. This is the first report onthe use of pANCA to investigate rhinitis in dogs. It is also, to the authors’ knowledge,the first description of a relapsing haemopurulent lytic rhinitis in this species. Theconcurrent manifestations of erosive haemopurulent rhinitis, ground-glass opacities onpulmonary computed tomography, pyrexia and listlessness resemble GPA as described inhumans.
Shakespeare and Psychoanalytic Theory
Authors: Brown Carolyn E.
Published: April 2015

Although psychoanalytic criticism of Shakespeare is a prominent and prolific field of scholarship, the analytic methods and tools, theories, and critics who apply the theories have not been adequately assessed. This book fills that gap. It surveys the psychoanalytic theorists who have had the most impact on studies of Shakespeare, clearly explaining the fundamental developments and concepts of their theories, providing concise definitions of key terminology, describing the inception and evolution of different schools of psychoanalysis, and discussing the relationship of psychoanalytic theory (especially in Shakespeare) to other critical theories. It chronologically surveys the major critics who have applied psychoanalysis to their readings of Shakespeare, clarifying the theories they are enlisting; charting the inception, evolution, and interaction of their approaches; and highlighting new meanings that have resulted from such readings. It assesses the applicability of psychoanalytic theory to Shakespeare studies and the significance and value of the resulting readings.
Atmospheric transport simulations in support of the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE)
Authors: Henderson J. M. , Eluszkiewicz J. , Mountain M. E. , Nehrkorn T. , Chang R. Y.-W. , Karion A. , Miller J. B. , Sweeney C. , Steiner N. , Wofsy S. C. , Miller C. E.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. This paper describes the atmospheric modeling that underlies the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) science analysis, including its meteorological and atmospheric transport components (polar variant of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Stochastic Time Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) models), and provides WRF validation for May–October 2012 and March–November 2013 – the first 2 years of the aircraft field campaign. A triply nested computational domain for WRF was chosen so that the innermost domain with 3.3 km grid spacing encompasses the entire mainland of Alaska and enables the substantial orography of the state to be represented by the underlying high-resolution topographic input field. Summary statistics of the WRF model performance on the 3.3 km grid indicate good overall agreement with quality-controlled surface and radiosonde observations. Two-meter temperatures are generally too cold by approximately 1.4 K in 2012 and 1.1 K in 2013, while 2 m dewpoint temperatures are too low (dry) by 0.2 K in 2012 and too high (moist) by 0.6 K in 2013. Wind speeds are biased too low by 0.2 m s−1 in 2012 and 0.3 m s−1 in 2013. Model representation of upper level variables is very good. These measures are comparable to model performance metrics of similar model configurations found in the literature. The high quality of these fine-resolution WRF meteorological fields inspires confidence in their use to drive STILT for the purpose of computing surface influences ("footprints") at commensurably increased resolution. Indeed, footprints generated on a 0.1° grid show increased spatial detail compared with those on the more common 0.5° grid, better allowing for convolution with flux models for carbon dioxide and methane across the heterogeneous Alaskan landscape. Ozone deposition rates computed using STILT footprints indicate good agreement with observations and exhibit realistic seasonal variability, further indicating that WRF-STILT footprints are of high quality and will support accurate estimates of CO2 and CH4 surface–atmosphere fluxes using CARVE observations.
Gravitational and capillary soil moisture dynamics for distributed hydrologic models
Authors: Castillo A. , Castelli F. , Entekhabi D.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Distributed and continuous catchment models are used to simulate water and energy balance and fluxes across varied topography and landscape. The landscape is discretized into computational plan elements at resolutions of 101–103 m, and soil moisture is the hydrologic state variable. At the local scale, the vertical soil moisture dynamics link hydrologic fluxes and provide continuity in time. In catchment models these local-scale processes are modeled using 1-D soil columns that are discretized into layers that are usually 10−3–10−1 m in thickness. This creates a mismatch between the horizontal and vertical scales. For applications across large domains and in ensemble mode, this treatment can be a limiting factor due to its high computational demand. This study compares continuous multi-year simulations of soil moisture at the local scale using (i) a 1-pixel version of a distributed catchment hydrologic model and (ii) a benchmark detailed soil water physics solver. The distributed model uses a single soil layer with a novel dual-pore structure and employs linear parameterization of infiltration and some other fluxes. The detailed solver uses multiple soil layers and employs nonlinear soil physics relations to model flow in unsaturated soils. Using two sites with different climates (semiarid and sub-humid), it is shown that the efficient parameterization in the distributed model captures the essential dynamics of the detailed solver.
Detecting groundwater discharge dynamics from point-to-catchment scale in a lowland stream: combining hydraulic and tracer methods
Authors: Poulsen J. R. , Sebok E. , Duque C. , Tetzlaff D. , Engesgaard P. K.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Detecting, quantifying and understanding groundwater discharge to streams are crucial for the assessment of water, nutrient and contaminant exchange at the groundwater–surface water interface. In lowland agricultural catchments with significant groundwater discharge this is of particular importance because of the risk of excess leaching of nutrients to streams. Here we aim to combine hydraulic and tracer methods from point-to-catchment scale to assess the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater discharge in a lowland, groundwater gaining stream in Denmark. At the point-scale, groundwater fluxes to the stream were quantified based on vertical streambed temperature profiles (VTPs). At the reach scale (0.15–2 km), the spatial distribution of zones of focused groundwater discharge was investigated by the use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS). Groundwater discharge to the stream was quantified using differential gauging with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). At the catchment scale (26–114 km2), runoff sources during main rain events were investigated by hydrograph separations based on electrical conductivity (EC) and stable isotopes 2H/1H. Clear differences in runoff sources between catchments were detected, ranging from approximately 65% event water for the most responsive sub-catchment to less than 10% event water for the least responsive sub-catchment. This was supported by the groundwater head gradients, where the location of weaker gradients correlated with a stronger response to precipitation events. This shows a large variability in groundwater discharge to the stream, despite the similar lowland characteristics of sub-catchments indicating the usefulness of environmental tracers for obtaining information about integrated catchment functioning during precipitation events. There were also clear spatial patterns of focused groundwater discharge detected by the DTS and ADCP measurements at the reach scale indicating high spatial variability, where a significant part of groundwater discharge was concentrated in few zones indicating the possibility of concentrated nutrient or pollutant transport zones from nearby agricultural fields. VTP measurements confirmed high groundwater fluxes in discharge areas indicated by DTS and ADCP, and this coupling of ADCP, DTS and VTP proposes a novel field methodology to detect areas of concentrated groundwater discharge with higher resolution.
Spatial sensitivity analysis of snow cover data in a distributed rainfall-runoff model
Authors: Berezowski T. , Nossent J. , Chormański J. , Batelaan O.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. As the availability of spatially distributed data sets for distributed rainfall-runoff modelling is strongly increasing, more attention should be paid to the influence of the quality of the data on the calibration. While a lot of progress has been made on using distributed data in simulations of hydrological models, sensitivity of spatial data with respect to model results is not well understood. In this paper we develop a spatial sensitivity analysis method for spatial input data (snow cover fraction – SCF) for a distributed rainfall-runoff model to investigate when the model is differently subjected to SCF uncertainty in different zones of the model. The analysis was focussed on the relation between the SCF sensitivity and the physical and spatial parameters and processes of a distributed rainfall-runoff model. The methodology is tested for the Biebrza River catchment, Poland, for which a distributed WetSpa model is set up to simulate 2 years of daily runoff. The sensitivity analysis uses the Latin-Hypercube One-factor-At-a-Time (LH-OAT) algorithm, which employs different response functions for each spatial parameter representing a 4 × 4 km snow zone. The results show that the spatial patterns of sensitivity can be easily interpreted by co-occurrence of different environmental factors such as geomorphology, soil texture, land use, precipitation and temperature. Moreover, the spatial pattern of sensitivity under different response functions is related to different spatial parameters and physical processes. The results clearly show that the LH-OAT algorithm is suitable for our spatial sensitivity analysis approach and that the SCF is spatially sensitive in the WetSpa model. The developed method can be easily applied to other models and other spatial data.
The benefit of using sea ice concentration satellite data products with uncertainty estimates in summer sea ice data assimilation
Authors: Yang Q. , Losch M. , Losa S. , Jung T. , Nerger L. , Lavergne T.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. We present sensitivity experiments in which the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSISAF) near-real time sea ice concentration data and the recently released Sea Ice Climate Change Initiative (SICCI) data are assimilated during summer. The data assimilation system uses the MIT general circulation model (MITgcm) and a local Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (LSEIK) filter. Atmospheric forcing uncertainties are modelled by using atmospheric ensemble forcing which is taken from the UK Met Office (UKMO) system available through the TIGGE (THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble) database. When a constant data uncertainty is assumed, the assimilation of SICCI concentrations outperforms the assimilation of OSISAF data in both concentration and thickness forecasts. This is probably because the SICCI data retrieval uses an improved processing algorithms and methodologies. For the assimilation of SICCI data, using the observation uncertainties that are provided with the data improves the ensemble mean state of ice concentration compared to using constant data errors, but does not improve the ice thickness. This is caused by a mismatch between the SICCI concentration and the modelled physical ice concentration. To account for this mismatch the SICCI product should feature larger uncertainties in summer. Consistently, thickness forecasts can be improved by raising the minimum observation uncertainty to inflate the underestimated data error and ensemble spread.
Amazon, or the Modern Prometheus: How the Kindle is Firing Up a Reading Revolution, and Why the Status Quo is Resisting
Authors: Konoval Stanley Joseph
Published: April 2015

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Stretching the Twenty-First Amendment Beyond Its Limit: A Critique of S. Wine & Spirits of Am., Inc. v. Div. of Alcohol & Tobacco Control
Authors: Green Kevin Ryan
Published: April 2015

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The Law and Economics of Microfinance
Authors: Hunt Katherine
Published: April 2015

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Front Matter
Authors: Dunderdale Nellie
Published: April 2015

Journal of Law and Commerce Front Matter
Voorwaardelijke procedures in het nieuwe ontslagrecht
Authors: Bouwens W.H.A.C.M. , Bij de Vaate D.M.A.
Published: April 2015

In het huidige ontslagrecht kan de werkgever zich indekken tegen onzekerheid over het einde van de arbeidsovereenkomst – en het daarmee gepaard gaande risico van een oplopende loonvordering – door het doen van een voorwaardelijk ontbindingsverzoek of het vragen van toestemming ‘voor zover rechtens vereist’. Als uitvloeisel van de Wet werk en zekerheid treedt op 1 juli 2015 een nieuw ontslagrecht in werking. De auteurs bespreken in deze bijdrage wat deze wetswijziging betekent voor de hiervoor genoemde voorwaardelijke ontslagprocedures. Zijn deze nog mogelijk na inwerkingtreding van het nieuwe ontslagrecht en zo ja, wat is het nut van deze procedures onder het nieuwe recht?
Uniform Labeling of Blocks and Slides in Surgical Pathology: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center and the National Society for Histotechnology
Authors: Brown Richard W. , Speranza Vincent Della , Alvarez Janice O. , Eisen Richard N. , Frishberg David P. , Rosai Juan , Santiago Jerry , Tunnicliffe Janet , Colasacco Carol , Lacchetti Christina , Thomas Nicole E.
Published: April 2015

Context

The labeling of paraffin blocks and microscopic glass slides in the practice of surgical pathology varies from institution to institution and introduces potential risk of preanalytic error. Currently there are no evidence-based guidelines regarding the uniform labeling of these materials.

Objective

To develop recommendations that will address the need for adequate patient identification and provide a consistent method of identifying slides originating from a particular block.

Design

The College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center and the National Society for Histotechnology convened a panel of pathologists and histotechnologists with expertise in histology laboratory quality practices to develop labeling recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address 6 main key questions. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, open comment feedback, and expert panel consensus.

Results

Twelve guideline statements were established to assist pathology laboratories in developing standardized block and slide labeling practices. These guidelines call for the use of 2 patient identifiers, 1 of which includes the accession number and case type, on all paraffin blocks and slides. Recommendations were also developed to address the order and format in which identifying elements should appear.

Conclusions

Uniform labeling of paraffin blocks and slides derived from patient specimens will provide an important enhancement to patient safety by assuring that all preparations derived from a patient's tissue can be uniquely and unambiguously linked to that patient. Adoption of standardized practices additionally will improve patient care by facilitating interpretation of histologic sections when they are referred in consultation to a second institution.
Louisville Water Tower: Form and Function
Authors: Smith Kelley Dearing , Hubbs Steven
Published: April 2015

Louisville Water Co. has endured for more than 150 years as a functional and beautiful landmark on the Ohio River in Kentucky. It was designed and operated by several water works pioneers, it recovered from a tornado, and it has an enigmatic design feature.
Review of Decision‐Making Support Tools for Water Treatment Technologies in Developing Countries
Authors: Glade Sara , Pagilla Krishna
Published: April 2015

Clean water is a resource that touches every aspect of our lives and well‐being. Developing and providing decision‐making support tools to those individuals implementing water treatment systems will help reduce the high failure rate of water treatment and supply projects in both developing and developed countries around the world.
Resourcefulness: Effective Water Management and the State of the Water Utilities Industry
Authors: Moore Sharelynn
Published: April 2015

Water is a finite resource that is essential to life itself. As populations continue to grow and as demand for this precious resource continues to increase, the way in which utilities and consumers manage, conserve, and measure water will become increasingly important. The ability of utilities to effectively manage the delivery and use of water ‐ defined as their resourcefulness ‐ will be increasingly important to national economic competitiveness. Through technology, utilities have the opportunity to be more resourceful and to reduce waste, revitalize infrastructure, and improve consumer service ‐ which will benefit the economy overall.
Trempealeau Entanglements: An Ancient Colony's Causes and Effects
Authors: Pauketat Timothy R. , Boszhardt Robert F. , Benden Danielle M.
Published: April 2015

Archaeological investigations at the Trempealeau and Fisher Mounds Site Complexes in western Wisconsin have provided definitive evidence of settlements and platform mounds in a portion of the Upper Mississippi Valley dating to the early Cahokian era, immediately priorto A.D. 1050 and ending before A.D. 1100. The presence ofCahokian earthen constructions, wall-trench buildings, ceramics, and imported stone tools associated with likely religious buildings and a series of possible farmsteads 900 river km north of Cahokia points to a unique intrusive occupation. We suggest that Trempealeau was a religious installation located proximate to a powerful, storied landform on the Mississippi River that afforded Cahokians access to the animate forces of that region. Probably built by and for Cahokians with minimal involvement on the part of living local people, the timing of this occupation hints at its close relationship to the founding of the American Indian city to the south.
Technical Requirements and Technical Choices in Pottery Production: A View From the Middle Balsas Region of Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Meanwell Jennifer L.
Published: April 2015

This article evaluates current models of the influence of functionality and materials properties on pottery production as practiced by potters in the Middle Balsas Region of Guerrero, Mexico, during the Classic period (A.D. 300-900). The research was designed specifically to look for evidence of the influence of materials properties on pottery production in an archaeological context. Research results suggest that a specific clay deposit was selected deliberately by ancient Middle Balsas potters only when producing a subset of restricted vessels that were used for water storage. All other domestic vessels used in the Middle Balsas Region were produced from a variety of clay sources with no apparent link to vessel size, shape, or intended purpose. These production patterns endured with little appreciable change within the region for a time span of over a thousand years, from approximately 300 B.C. to A.D. 900.
Revisiting the Role of Caves and Rockshelters in the Hunter-Gatherer Taskscape of the Archaic Midsouth
Authors: Homsey-Messer Lara
Published: April 2015

This paper evaluates previous models of cave and rockshelter use in the American Midsouth from the Early to the Middle Archaic periods. Four sites are compared in order to identify variability in activities, seasonality, occupation intensity, and function. Focus is placed on using the often overlooked feature assemblages to discern these activities. Data suggest that the changing use of many caves and rockshelters is not one of longer term occupation as base camps, as has been previously argued, but rather as specialized field camps dedicated to the processing of mast resources. This shift takes place as Middle Holocene warming prompted hunter-gatherers to adopt a more logistical mobility strategy in order to take advantage of the spatio-temporal variance associated with increased mast availability. It is further argued that these sites were likely locations of women's activities and that foraging in the Midsouth involved groups of women engaged in daily tasks centered around mast, tasks that over time imbued caves and rockshelter s with symbolic meaning such that they came to function simultaneously as both processing camps and as persistent places of ritual significance in the hunter-gatherer taskscape.
A novel isoform of MAP4 organises the paraxial microtubule array required for muscle cell differentiation
Authors: Mogessie Binyam , Roth Daniel , Rahil Zainab , Straube Anne
Published: April 2015

The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. We show that oMAP4 is expressed upon muscle cell differentiation and is the only MAP4 isoform essential for normal progression of the myogenic differentiation programme. Depletion of oMAP4 impairs cell elongation and cell–cell fusion. Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule–microtubule sliding. Purified oMAP4 aligns dynamic microtubules into antiparallel bundles that withstand motor forces in vitro. We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes.
Fatty acid remodeling by LPCAT3 enriches arachidonate in phospholipid membranes and regulates triglyceride transport
Authors: Hashidate-Yoshida Tomomi , Harayama Takeshi , Hishikawa Daisuke , Morimoto Ryo , Hamano Fumie , Tokuoka Suzumi M , Eto Miki , Tamura-Nakano Miwa , Yanobu-Takanashi Rieko , Mukumoto Yoshiko , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Okamura Tadashi , Kita Yoshihiro , Shindou Hideo , Shimizu Takao
Published: April 2015

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in phospholipids affect the physical properties of membranes, but it is unclear which biological processes are influenced by their regulation. For example, the functions of membrane arachidonate that are independent of a precursor role for eicosanoid synthesis remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the lack of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) leads to drastic reductions in membrane arachidonate levels, and that LPCAT3-deficient mice are neonatally lethal due to an extensive triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation and dysfunction in enterocytes. We found that high levels of PUFAs in membranes enable TGs to locally cluster in high density, and that this clustering promotes efficient TG transfer. We propose a model of local arachidonate enrichment by LPCAT3 to generate a distinct pool of TG in membranes, which is required for normal directionality of TG transfer and lipoprotein assembly in the liver and enterocytes.
Ground heating and methane oxidation processes at shallow depth in Terre Calde di Medolla (Italy): Observations and conceptual model
Authors: Capaccioni Bruno , Tassi Franco , Cremonini Stefano , Sciarra Alessandra , Vaselli Orlando
Published: April 2015

The toponym “Terre Calde di Medolla” (literally, “Warm Earths of Medolla”) refers to a farming area, located near the town of Modena (Emilia‐Romagna region, northern Italy), which has always been known by the local population for the relatively high temperatures of the soil. This phenomenon is particularly evident in wintertime when the snow cover over this area rapidly melts. A detailed investigation, carried out after the devastating 2012 Emilia earthquake that affected this area, showed soil temperatures up to 44°C, i.e., 20–25°C above the local background value, together with diffuse soil fluxes of CH4 (0–2432 g × m−2 × d−1) and minor, though significant, CO2 (0–1184 g × m−2 × d−1), especially from subcircular (a few meters in diameter) zones. Ground heating and gas seepage appear spatially correlated, thus suggesting a close relationship between the two phenomena. The anomalous high ground temperature is not associated with an anomalous geothermal gradient or with the uprising of deep‐seated hot fluids. According to the lateral and vertical distributions of the temperatures as well as the chemical and isotopic compositions of the soil gases, the most reliable explanation is the exothermic oxidation of diffusely uprising biogenic methane at very shallow levels (<1 m). Such a process occurs in the presence of free oxygen and methanotrophic bacteria and can then explain (i) the observed ground heating up, (ii) the diffuse emission from the soil of CO2 characterized by an extremely negative isotopic (13C/12C) signature, and (iii) the lack of diffuse and low CH4 fluxes. According to these hypotheses, the heating phenomena affecting the shallow groundwater and the ground surface, as described by several witnesses in the area of the May–June 2012 Emilia earthquake, could be related to either a coseismic or postseismic onset of new areas affected by CH4 seepage or an increase in preexisting CH4 fluxes.
Ground heating and methane oxidation processes at shallow depth in Terre Calde di Medolla (Italy): Numerical modeling
Authors: Nespoli Massimo , Todesco Micol , Capaccioni Bruno , Cremonini Stefano
Published: April 2015

The area known as Terre Calde (literally “hot lands”) in the plain of the Po River (Italy) is well known for unusual ground temperatures, and up to now, the cause o/f the heating has not been fully investigated. These higher‐than‐average temperatures are commonly associated with diffuse methane seepage. A detailed study of shallow stratigraphy, temperature profile, and associated gas concentrations and flow rates recently suggested that the observed anomaly could be related to the exothermic oxidation of biogenic methane, possibly rising from a shallow peat layer. In this work, a porous media flow simulator (Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat 2) was applied to verify a conceptual model of this phenomenon. The model describes a layered system, with a shallow unsaturated zone, where methane is continuously supplied along the base and heat is generated as a result of its oxidation above the water table. To mimic the oxidation process, heat sources are placed within the layer where oxidation takes place, and the heat generation is computed as a function of methane flux entering the layer. Numerical simulations were carried out imposing different methane flow rates along the base of the model. The simulations also explored the efficiency of methane oxidation, considering different heat generation rates and accounting for seasonal effects. The good match between observed and simulated temperature profiles suggests that the main features of the process are captured by the model and that the conceptual model devised on the base of available data is plausible from a physical point of view.
Thirteen years of observations on biomass burning organic tracers over Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific: An outflow region of Asian aerosols
Authors: Verma Santosh Kumar , Kawamura Kimitaka , Chen Jing , Fu Pingqing , Zhu Chunmao
Published: April 2015

East Asia is the world's greatest source region for the emission of anthropogenic aerosols and their precursors due to the rapid industrialization and intensive biomass burning (BB) activities. BB emits specific organic tracers such as levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan, which are produced by pyrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose and then transported downwind to the western North Pacific by westerly winds. Here we present long‐term observations of BB tracers over the remote Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific (WNP) from 2001 to 2013. Elevated concentrations of BB tracers by an order of magnitude were found in midautumn to midspring with winter maxima, which are strongly involved with the atmospheric transport by westerly winds from the Asian continent to the WNP, as supported by backward trajectory analyses. Throughout the observations, we found an increase in the averaged concentrations of BB tracers from 2006 to 2013, which is mainly caused by enhanced BB events in Asian urban and rural areas, as supported by enhanced fire/hot spots in East Asia via satellite images. We also found that the period of the high concentrations was prolonged from 2006 to 2013. Comparison between monthly averaged concentrations of BB tracers and backward air mass trajectories clearly demonstrates that the winter/spring maxima over Chichijima are involved with the seasonal shifting of atmospheric circulation followed by downwind transport of BB aerosols to the WNP. High abundances of BB tracers over the WNP indicate that BB‐laden air masses can be transported to remote marine environments.
A multistatic and multifrequency novel approach for specular meteor radars to improve wind measurements in the MLT region
Authors: Stober G. , Chau J. L.
Published: April 2015

Specular meteor radars (SMRs) have become a widely used tool to observe horizontal winds at the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Typically 30 to 120 min mean winds are obtained assuming horizontal homogeneity of the observed area (i.e., few hundreds of kilometer radius). The quality of the measured wind velocity vector depends on the number of detected meteors per altitude and time bins. In order to improve the wind measurements of typical SMRs, here we propose a multistatic and multifrequency approach that consists mainly on adding GPS synchronized receiving stations with interferometric capabilities to existing SMRs. Compared to typical SMRs operating in a monostatic mode, our new approach called MMARIA (Multistatic and Multifrequency Agile Radar for Investigations of the Atmosphere) allows us to (a) increase the number of meteors using the same transmitter (by more than 70%), (b) increase the altitudinal coverage by 5–10 km higher depending on the geometry used, and (c) derive the horizontal wind field in the observed volume by relaxing the assumption of homogeneity. The latter result is facilitated by having common volume observations from at least two different viewing angles. We show the feasibility of these three goals from measurements at two different frequencies using a MMARIA configuration between Juliusruh and Kühlungsborn in northern Germany.
Identifying the source region of plasmaspheric hiss
Authors: Laakso Harri , Santolik Ondrej , Horne Richard , Kolmasová Ivana , Escoubet Philippe , Masson Arnaud , Taylor Matthew
Published: April 2015

The presence of the plasmaspheric hiss emission around the Earth has been known for more than 50 years, but its origin has remained unknown in terms of source location and mechanism. The hiss, made of whistler mode waves, exists for most of the time in the plasmasphere and is believed to control the radiation belt surrounding the Earth which makes its understanding very important. This paper presents direct observational evidence that the plasmaspheric hiss originates in the equatorial region of the plasmaspheric drainage plumes. It shows that the emissions propagate along the magnetic field lines and away from the equator in the plumes but toward the equator at lower L shells inside the plasmasphere. The observations also suggest that the hiss waves inside the plasmasphere are absorbed as they cross the equator.
Impact of the dynamical core on the direct simulation of tropical cyclones in a high‐resolution global model
Authors: Reed K. A. , Bacmeister J. T. , Rosenbloom N. A. , Wehner M. F. , Bates S. C. , Lauritzen P. H. , Truesdale J. E. , Hannay C.
Published: April 2015

This paper examines the impact of the dynamical core on the simulation of tropical cyclone (TC) frequency, distribution, and intensity. The dynamical core, the central fluid flow component of any general circulation model (GCM), is often overlooked in the analysis of a model's ability to simulate TCs compared to the impact of more commonly documented components (e.g., physical parameterizations). The Community Atmosphere Model version 5 is configured with multiple dynamics packages. This analysis demonstrates that the dynamical core has a significant impact on storm intensity and frequency, even in the presence of similar large‐scale environments. In particular, the spectral element core produces stronger TCs and more hurricanes than the finite‐volume core using very similar parameterization packages despite the latter having a slightly more favorable TC environment. The results suggest that more detailed investigations into the impact of the GCM dynamical core on TC climatology are needed to fully understand these uncertainties.
Giant lacustrine pockmarks with subaqueous groundwater discharge and subsurface sediment mobilization
Authors: Reusch Anna , Loher Markus , Bouffard Damien , Moernaut Jasper , Hellmich Franziska , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Hilbe Michael , Kopf Achim , Lilley Marvin D. , Meinecke Gerrit , Strasser Michael
Published: April 2015

Subsurface fluid flow in oceans and lakes affects bathymetric morphology, sediment distribution, and water composition. We present newly discovered giant lacustrine pockmarks in Lake Neuchâtel (up to 160 m diameter and 30 m deep) that rank among the largest known pockmarks in lakes. Our multidisciplinary study reveals ~60 m of suspended sediment inside a pockmark. The sediment suspension is 2.6° warmer and isotopically lighter in δ18OH2O by 1.5‰ than the ambient lake water, documenting currently active fluid flow by karstic groundwater discharge from the Jura Mountain front into the Swiss Plateau hydrological system. Strikingly, the levees of the pockmarks comprise subsurface sediment mobilization deposits representing episodic phases of sediment expulsion during the past. They strongly resemble subsurface fluid flow features in the marine realm. Comparable processes are expected to also be relevant for other carbonate‐dominated mountain front ranges, where karstic groundwater discharges into lacustrine or marine settings.