bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Rigidly Supported Guyed Masts
Authors: Belevičius R. , Jatulis D. , Rusakevičius D. , Mačiūnas D.
Published: May 2017

A technique for simultaneous topology, shape, and sizing optimization of tall guyed masts is presented in this paper. The typical scheme of telecommunication masts that are triangular in plan and supported by a certain number of guys’ levels is examined. The objective function is the total mass of the mast, including the mass of the guys. The mast structure is optimized for self-weight and wind loading that is evaluated according to Eurocodes. The nonlinear behaviour of the guyed mast is simplified idealizing the nonlinear guys as approximate boundary conditions for the mast. A comparison of the simplified solution with the results of nonlinear analysis with Ansys shows small discrepancies that are on the safe side. The constraints involve all strength, local and global stability, and slenderness requirements. The optimization problem is solved using evolutionary algorithm with original genome repair procedure. As an example, a typical 96 m guyed broadcasting antenna for mobile-phone networks was designed employing the proposed optimization technique and taking up to 10 guys’ levels. It is shown that the optimal mast is supported by 3–5 guys’ levels. The optimal ranges of all remaining design variables were also obtained.
Household Response to Inadequate Sewerage and Garbage Collection Services in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Ismaila Rimi
Published: May 2017

Provision of sanitation and garbage collection services is an important and yet challenging issue in the rapidly growing cities of developing countries, with significant human health and environmental sustainability implications. Although a growing number of studies have investigated the consequences of inadequate delivery of basic urban services in developing countries, few studies have examined how households cope with the problems. Using the Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect (EVLN) model, this article explores how households respond to inadequate sewerage and garbage collection services in Abuja, Nigeria. Based on a qualitative study, data were gathered from in-depth interviews with sixty households, complemented with personal observation. The findings from grounded analysis indicated that majority (62%) and about half (55%) of the respondents have utilized the informal sector for sewerage services and garbage collection, respectively, to supplement the services provided by the city. While 68% of the respondents reported investing their personal resources to improve the delivery of existing sewerage services, half (53%) have collectively complained to the utility agency and few (22%) have neglected the problems. The paper concludes by discussing the public health and environmental sustainability implications of the findings.
Climatological Behavior of Precipitating Clouds in the Northeast Region of Brazil
Authors: Araújo Palharini Rayana Santos , Vila Daniel Alejandro
Published: May 2017

This study aims to analyze the climatological classification of precipitating clouds in the Northeast of Brazil using the radar on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Thus, for this research a time series of 15 years of satellite data (period 1998–2012) was analyzed in order to identify what types of clouds produce precipitation estimated by Precipitation Radar (PR) and how often these clouds occur. From the results of this work it was possible to estimate the average relative frequency of each type of cloud present in weather systems that influence the Northeast of Brazil. In general, the stratiform clouds and shallow convective clouds are the most frequent in this region, but the associated rainfall is not as abundant as precipitation caused by deep convective clouds. It is also seen that a strong signal of shallow convective clouds modulates rainfall over the coastal areas of Northeast of Brazil and adjacent ocean. In this scenario, the main objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the patterns of cloud types associated with precipitation and building a climatological analysis from the classification of clouds.
The Immune Epitope Database: How Data Are Entered and Retrieved
Authors: Fleri Ward , Vaughan Kerrie , Salimi Nima , Vita Randi , Peters Bjoern , Sette Alessandro
Published: May 2017

Easy access to a vast collection of experimental data on immune epitopes can greatly facilitate the development of therapeutics and vaccines. The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) was developed to provide such a resource as a free service to the biomedical research community. The IEDB contains epitope and assay information related to infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, and transplant/alloantigens for humans, nonhuman primates, mice, and any other species studied. It contains T cell, B cell, MHC binding, and MHC ligand elution experiments. Its data are curated primarily from the published literature and also include direct submissions from researchers involved in epitope discovery. This article describes the process of capturing data from these sources and how the information is organized in the IEDB data. Different approaches for querying the data are then presented, using the home page search interface and the various specialized search interfaces. Specific examples covering diverse applications of interest are given to highlight the power and functionality of the IEDB.
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer with Shredded Fibers: Quasi-Isotropic Material Properties and Antenna Performance
Authors: Artner Gerald , Gentner Philipp K. , Nicolics Johann , Mecklenbräuker Christoph F.
Published: May 2017

A carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate, with the top layer consisting of shredded fibers, is proposed and manufactured. The shredded fibers are aligned randomly on the surface to achieve a more isotropic conductivity, as is desired in antenna applications. Moreover, fiber shreds can be recycled from carbon fiber composites. Conductivity, permittivity, and permeability are obtained with the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method from material samples measured inside rectangular waveguides in the frequency range of 4 to 6 GHz. The decrease in material anisotropy results in negligible influence on antennas. This is shown by measuring the proposed CFRP as ground plane material for both a narrowband wire monopole antenna for 5.9 GHz and an ultrawideband conical monopole antenna for 1–10 GHz. For comparison, all measurements are repeated with a twill-weave CFRP.
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma with Marked Lymphatic Involvement: A Report of Two Autopsy Cases
Authors: Ideguchi Reiko , Ashizawa Kazuto , Akashi Saori , Shindo Michiko , Minami Kazunori , Fukuda Toshio , Irie Junji , Fukuda Minoru , Uetani Masataka
Published: May 2017

We herein report two cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma with marked lymphangiosis. The patients included a 68-year-old man and a 67-year-old man who both had a history of exposure to asbestos. Computed tomography (CT) on admission showed pleural effusion with pleural thickening. In both cases, a histopathological examination of the pleura confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid malignant mesothelioma. They received chemotherapy, but the treatment was only palliative. The chest CT assessments during admission revealed marked pleural effusion and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. CT also showed a consolidative mass with bronchovascular bundle and septal thickening in the lungs suggesting pulmonary parenchymal involvement and the lymphangitic spread of the tumor. These CT findings mimicked lung cancer with pleuritis and lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Autopsy was performed in both cases. Macroscopically, the tumor cells infiltrated the lung with the marked lymphatic spread of the tumor. Microscopy also revealed that the tumor had invaded the pulmonary parenchyma with the marked lymphatic spread of the tumor. Although this growth pattern is unusual, malignant pleural mesothelioma should be considered as the differential diagnosis, especially in patients with pleural lesions.
Home-Based Telepsychiatry in US Urban Area
Authors: Amirsadri Alireza , Burns Jaclynne , Pizzuti Albert , Arfken Cynthia L.
Published: May 2017

Telepsychiatry expands access to psychiatric care. However, telepsychiatry for elderly adults is only reimbursed in the US if the patient is assessed while in a clinical setting. This case study presents a homebound older woman previously hospitalized for schizophrenia who had not seen a psychiatrist in over 20 years. Care was provided with hybrid telepsychiatry (team-based practice with social worker traveling to the home with electronic tablet for connection with psychiatrist). The intervention resulted in detecting unrecognized depression and complex trauma. The treatment plan included adding an antidepressant and therapy plan, eliminating one psychiatric medication, and reducing dosage of pain medication. The outcomes were improved function and quality of life. The patient and caregiver were both highly satisfied with the services. This hybrid telepsychiatry is a reasonable option for homebound elderly patients living in urban areas and less expensive than nursing home admission.
Low Hemoglobin among Pregnant Women in Midwives Practice of Primary Health Care, Jatinangor, Indonesia: Iron Deficiency Anemia or β-Thalassemia Trait?
Authors: Susanti Ari Indra , Sahiratmadja Edhyana , Winarno Gatot , Sugianli Adhi Kristianto , Susanto Herman , Panigoro Ramdan
Published: May 2017

Low hemoglobin (Hb) or anemia is common among pregnant women in developing countries which may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal deaths. Our study aimed to assess Hb level measured by midwives in primary health care facility at rural area of Jatinangor, Indonesia, and to explore whether the anemia was due to iron deficiency (IDA) or β-thalassemia trait (β-TT). Pregnant women (n=105) had finger prick test for Hb level during a regular antenatal care examination from October to November 2016. Hb level by finger prick test was compared with venous blood, measured by complete blood count (CBC). Indices including MCV and MCH and indices of Shine & Lal, Mentzer, Srivastava, Engels & Frase, Ehsani, and Sirdah were analyzed to differentiate anemia due to IDA and anemia due to suspect β-TT. HbA2 was measured to confirm β-TT. Anemic pregnant women were found in 86.7% by finger prick test compared to 21.9% (n=23) by CBC. The prevalence of β-TT in our study was 5.7%. Hb measurement among pregnant women in low resource area is highly important; however, finger prick test in this study showed a high frequency of anemia which may lead to iron oversupplementation. A standard CBC is encouraged; MCV and MCH would help midwives to identify β-TT.
Keyword Query Expansion Paradigm Based on Recommendation and Interpretation in Relational Databases
Authors: Wang Yingqi , Wang Nianbin , Zhou Lianke
Published: May 2017

Due to the ambiguity and impreciseness of keyword query in relational databases, the research on keyword query expansion has attracted wide attention. Existing query expansion methods expose users’ query intention to a certain extent, but most of them cannot balance the precision and recall. To address this problem, a novel two-step query expansion approach is proposed based on query recommendation and query interpretation. First, a probabilistic recommendation algorithm is put forward by constructing a term similarity matrix and Viterbi model. Second, by using the translation algorithm of triples and construction algorithm of query subgraphs, query keywords are translated to query subgraphs with structural and semantic information. Finally, experimental results on a real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method.
Increase of Soluble RAGE in Cerebrospinal Fluid following Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Sokół Bartosz , Wąsik Norbert , Jankowski Roman , Hołysz Marcin , Mańko Witold , Juszkat Robert , Małkiewicz Tomasz , Jagodziński Paweł P.
Published: May 2017

Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) mediate the inflammatory reaction that follows aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) may function as a decoy receptor. The significance of this endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanism in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) remains unknown. The present study aims to analyse sRAGE levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SAH patients. sRAGE levels were assayed by ELISA kit in 47 CSF samples collected on post-SAH days 0–3, 5–7, and 10–14 from 27 SAH patients with acute hydrocephalus. CSF levels of sRAGE were compared with a control group and correlated with other monitored parameters. In the control group, the CSF contained only a trace amount of sRAGE. By contrast, the CSF of 20 SAH patients collected on post-SAH days 0–3 was found to contain statistically significant higher levels of sRAGE (mean concentration 3.91 pg/mL,p<0.001). The most pronounced difference in CSF sRAGE levels between good and poor outcome patients was found on days 0–3 post-SAH but did not reach the significance threshold (p=0.234). CSF sRAGE levels did not change significantly during hospitalisation (p=0.868) and correlated poorly with treatment outcome, systemic inflammatory markers, and other monitored parameters. Our study revealed an early and constant increase of sRAGE level in the CSF of SAH patients.
Placental ABCA1 Expression Is Increased in Spontaneous Preterm Deliveries Compared with Iatrogenic Preterm Deliveries and Term Deliveries
Authors: Cheng-Mao Xie , Yan Long , Li Lin , Hua Jin , Xiao-Ju Wang , Jie-Wen Zhang
Published: May 2017

Objective. Abnormal expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the placenta can elicit lipid metabolism disorder and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, whether it is associated with preterm delivery remains unclear. Our present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between abnormal expression of ABCA1 or ABCG1 and preterm delivery.Methods. Maternal blood and placental tissues from women with spontaneous deliveries (SPD), iatrogenic deliveries (IPD), and term deliveries (TD) were collected. The lipid content and expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were subsequently measured.Results. Compared with IPD and TD groups, the HDL, TD, LDL, and TC levels were lower in the maternal blood but higher (except TC) in the cord blood of the SPD group. The extracellular lipid content in the placentas of the SPD group was also notably lower relative to the IPD and TD groups. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of ABCA1 in the placentas of the SPD group were significantly higher compared with the IPD and TD groups; however, there was no obvious difference among the three groups in the protein and mRNA expressions of ABCG1.Conclusions. Abnormal expression of ABCA1 may be associated with the dysregulation of placental lipid metabolism and the occurrence or development of SPD.
Magnetic Mineral Nanocomposite Sorbents for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Makarchuk Oksana , Dontsova Tetiana , Perekos Anatolii , Skoblik Alexander , Svystunov Yevhen
Published: May 2017

Magnetic nanocomposite sorbents for disposal of synthetic detergents from wastewater were synthesized. Obtained sorbents based on clay minerals (saponite, palygorskite, and spondyle clay) and magnetite were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and ballistic method with Steinberg magnetometer. As a result, the average crystallite sizes of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in magnetic nanocomposites were 2–10 nm. Magnetic nanocomposites had superparamagnetic properties and were classified as soft magnetic materials. Comparison of sorption properties showed that magnetic composite sorbents had efficiency of adsorption removal of anionic surfactants and polyphosphates from aqueous solution 2–8 times higher compared to native clay minerals. Spent magnetic nanocomposites were effectively removed from the aqueous solution by magnetic separation. So, the efficiency of magnetic composites application and implementing of magnetic separation in adsorption purification was confirmed.
Adhesive-Enhanced Sternal Closure: Feasibility and Safety of Late Sternal Reentry
Authors: Spooner Aaron J. , Mewhort Holly E. M. , DiFrancesco Lisa M. , Fedak Paul W. M.
Published: May 2017

This clinical case report describes sternal reentry performed years after adhesive-enhanced sternal closure using Kryptonite bone cement. This report provides novel data on the late effects of this innovation. We observed that sternal reentry is feasible and safe. The adhesive did not weaken from biodegradation over a period of several years. There was no evidence of adherence to adjacent soft tissues or other nonbony deep mediastinal structures. Surgeons who receive patients who require redoing cardiac surgery after adhesive-enhanced closure with Kryptonite can be reassured that sternal reentry is safe and feasible.
Effect of Regular Aerobic Activity in Young Healthy Athletes on Profile of Endothelial Function and Platelet Activity
Authors: Podgórska Katarzyna , Derkacz Arkadiusz , Szahidewicz-Krupska Ewa , Jasiczek Jakub , Dobrowolski Piotr , Radziwon-Balicka Aneta , Skomro Robert , Szuba Andrzej , Mazur Grzegorz , Doroszko Adrian
Published: May 2017

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of regular professional sports activity on the endothelial and platelet function in young men. The studied group were 79 young men (18–40 y, 25 athletes and 54 without any regular physical activity). The nitric oxide (NO) metabolic pathway intermediates, oxidative stress markers, mediators of inflammation, and platelet aggregation were measured. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) was studied before and after intravenous 16,0 g L-arginine infusion, which was repeated after oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA-75 mg/day) for 4 days. Both groups had similar demographic characteristics. In the athletes, there was significantly higher hsCRP level, better serum lipid profile, and lower pulse pressure. Greater baseline FMD in athletes and in response to L-arginine disappeared following ASA treatment. There were no differences in the levels of the NO pathway metabolites. The control group was characterized by higher PAI-1 following ASA treatment and sICAM-1 both at baseline and after ASA, but no differences in MDA and 6-keto-PGF-1 alpha and platelet aggregation were noted. Regular professional physical activity modulates endothelial but not platelet function and may thus exert an effect on overall cardiovascular risk.
Cross‐Cultural Competences and International Entrepreneurial Intention: A Study on Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Jie Shuijing , Harms Rainer
Published: May 2017

To identify and foster potential international entrepreneurs are important goals for entrepreneurship education. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we argue that International entrepreneurial intention (IEI) is a predictor of international entrepreneurship (IE). In addition, cross‐cultural competences are hypothesized as antecedents to IEI and moderators of the relationship between TPB elements and IEI. We integrate two elements of cross‐cultural competences (global mindset and cultural intelligence) in a TPB‐framework to identify the drivers of students’ IEI. We analyze a sample of 84 students with OLS regression and moderation analysis. OLS regression results reveal no significant direct effects from cultural intelligence and global mindset on IEI. Moderation analyses suggest a negative, significant moderating effect of cultural intelligence on the relationship between personal attitude and IEI and on subjective norms and IEI. Therefore, simply enhancing global mindset and cultural intelligence does not contribute to students’ IEI. More is required from entrepreneurship education, such as improving the perception of international entrepreneurship as a valuable career choice.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Surge Extension on a Centrifugal Compressor with Vaned Diffuser Using Steam Injection
Authors: Gao Chuang , Huang Weiguang , Zheng Tianhua , Yang Kang , Yang Haosen , Cao Yun
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the first report on surge extension with steam injection through both experimental and numerical simulation. The experimental section covers the test facility, instrumentation, and prestall modes comparison with and without steam injection. It is found that surge extension is not in proportion to injected steam. There exists an upper bound above which deteriorates the margin. Injection of less than 1% of the designed mass flow can bring about over 10% margin improvement. Test results also indicated that steam injection not only damps out prestall waves, but also changes prestall modes and traveling direction. At 90% speed, injection changed the prestall mode from spike to modal, while at 80% speed line, it made the forward traveling wave become backward. Through numerical simulation, location and number of injectors, molecular weight, and temperature of injected gas are modified to explore their influences on surge margin. Similar to the test results, there exists an upper bound for the amount of steam injected. The flow field investigation indicates that this bound is caused by the early trigger of flow collapse due to the injected steam which is similar to the tip leakage flow spillage caused spike stall in axial compressors.
Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Downregulates Fractalkine through Activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB
Authors: Huang Xia , Zeng Yi , Jiang Yujie , Qin Yueqiu , Luo Weigui , Xiang Shulin , Sooranna Suren R. , Pinhu Liao
Published: May 2017

Background. LBP and fractalkine are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS. This study investigated the relationship between LBP and fractalkine in LPS-induced A549 cells and rat lung tissue in an ARDS rat model. Methods. A549 cells were transfected with LBP or LBP shRNA plasmid DNA or pretreated with SB203580 or SC-514 following LPS treatment. An ARDS rat model was established using LPS with or without LBPK95A, SB203580, or SC-514 treatment. RT-PCR, western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemical staining were used to study the expression of fractalkine and LBP and p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activities. Results. LPS increased LBP and reduced fractalkine. LBP overexpression further decreased LPS-induced downregulation of fractalkine and p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activation; LBP gene silencing, SB203580, and SC-514 suppressed LPS-induced downregulation of fractalkine and p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activation in A549 cells. LBP and fractalkine in lung tissue were increased and decreased, respectively, following LPS injection. LBPK95A, SB203580, and SC-514 ameliorated LPS-induced rat lung injury and suppressed LPS-induced downregulation of fractalkine by decreasing phospho-p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB. Conclusions. The results indicate that LBP downregulates fractalkine expression in LPS-induced A549 cells and in an ARDS rat model through activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB.
Clearance of Sclerostin, Osteocalcin, Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, and Osteoprotegerin by Dialysis
Authors: Carlson Nicholas , Mortensen Ole H. , Axelsen Mette , Pedersen Robert S. , Heaf James G.
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF23), sclerostin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin are important factors that control mineral bone metabolism. End-stage renal disease is associated with the pronounced dysregulation of mineral bone metabolism; however, the impact and clearance of mineral bone metabolism factors during dialysis remain largely undescribed. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 10 chronic hemodialysis patients were treated with hemodialysis for 8 h using a high-flux filter and a dialysate bath of 50% calculated total body water continuously recycled at a rate of 500 mL/min. Plasma and dialysate concentrations of FGF23, sclerostin, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin were measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h permitting the estimation of dialysis clearance. Results: Clearance of FGF23 was 7.7 mL/min, of sclerostin was 7.6 mL/min, of osteoprotegerin was 1.2 mL/min, and of osteocalcin was 19.7 mL/min. Clearance of FGF23 was correlated to sclerostin and osteoprotegerin clearance and also to the ultrafiltration rate. Although, osteocalcin blood concentrations decreased during dialysis, they rebounded within 6 h. Overall, no significant changes in blood concentrations of the measure mineral bone metabolism factors were observed. Conclusions: The intradialytic clearance of osteocalcin, FGF23, sclerostin, and osteoprotegerin occurs; however, only clearance of FGF23 is directly correlated with the ultrafiltration rate. The effects of dialytic clearance on mineral bone metabolism are, however, uncertain and intradialytic plasma concentrations of the studied substrates remained largely unchanged.
Aktuelle Ansätze und Kontroversen zu angeborener Immunität und Lungenerkrankung bei zystischer Fibrose
Authors: Ralhan Anjali , Laval Julie , Lelis Felipe , Ballbach Marlene , Grund Charlotte , Hector Andreas , Hartl Dominik
Published: May 2017

Die Lungenerkrankung bei zystischer Fibrose (CF) ist gekennzeichnet durch chronische Infektion und Inflammation. Bei der entzündlichen Reaktion im Rahmen der CF steht die Aktivierung des angeborenen Immunsystems im Vordergrund. Bakterien und Pilze sind die wichtigsten Krankheitserreger, die bei CF chronisch die Atemwege besiedeln. In Reaktion auf die mikrobiologische Bedrohung, die von speziellen Rezeptoren des angeborenen Immunsystems auf Atemwegsepithelzellen und myeloischen Zellen erkannt wird, werden chemische Lockstoffe ausgeschüttet, die neutrophile Granulozyten in großer Zahl in die von CF betroffenen Atemwege rekrutieren. Den Neutrophilen gelingt es jedoch nicht, die invasiven Krankheitserreger wirksam zu eliminieren; stattdessen setzen sie schädigende Proteasen und Oxidanzien frei und verursachen letztlich Gewebeschäden. Mit diesem Beitrag liefern wir eine Zusammenfassung und Übersicht zu aktuellen Ansätzen und Kontroversen zum Thema der angeborenen Immunität bei CF-Lungenerkrankung und gehen dabei insbesondere auf die ungeklärten Fragen ein, ob die Inflammation bei CF positiv oder negativ ist und wie die Mechanismen der angeborenen Immunität therapeutisch genutzt werden könnten. Übersetzung aus J Innate Immun 2016;8:531-540 (DOI: 10.1159/000446840)
Prognostische Bedeutung von CPAP bei obstruktiver Schlafapnoe: Rückschlüsse sind nur bei klarer Diagnose und belastbaren Studienergebnissen möglich
Authors: Herkenrath Simon-Dominik , Randerath Winfried J.
Published: May 2017

Hintergrund: Die Auswirkungen einer langfristigen PAP-Beatmung auf das kardiovaskuläre Risiko von mittel- bis hochgradig adipösen Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA) sind bisher nur unzureichend geklärt. Ziel: Beurteilung der Wirkung von CPAP- oder nichtinvasiver Beatmung (NIV) auf das Auftreten kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse bei adipösen OSA-Patienten. Methoden: Wir führten eine nichtinterventionelle Beobachtungsstudie bei adipösen OSA-Patienten durch, die zwischen 2007 und 2010 in der Schlafklinik der Universität von Grenoble rekrutiert, mit CPAP oder NIV behandelt und 5,6 Jahre lang von einer Organisation für häusliche Pflege nachbeobachtet wurden. Wir beurteilten klinische Merkmale, Blutchemiewerte sowie Atemwegs- und Gefäßfunktion zu Studienbeginn. Kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse wurden mittels telefonischer Befragung untersucht. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt 103 Patienten erklärten sich bereit, an der Studie teilzunehmen (55 Männer, 48 Frauen; das mittlere Alter betrug bei der Diagnose 54,1 ± 10,5 Jahre und der Body-Mass-Index (BMI) 40,3 ± 5,5 (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung); CPAP: n = 75; NIV: n = 28). Adipositas vom Schweregrad I, II und III lag bei 17,5, 33,0 bzw. 49,5% der Population vor. Bei Patienten in PAP-Behandlung (n = 69) betrug die mittlere nächtliche Nutzungsdauer 6,3 ± 2,4 h. 31 Patienten beendeten die PAP-Behandlung während des Nachbeobachtungszeitraums. 3 Patienten, die NIV anwendeten, verstarben. Nichttödliche kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse (n = 27) traten bei 19 Patienten auf; bei diesen Patienten waren das Lebensalter, die Anzahl der Komorbiditäten und die Triglyceridspiegel höher als bei Patienten ohne Ereignisse. Bei den Patienten, die die Behandlung abgebrochen haben, war die Ereignisrate hoch und korrelierte mit der Anzahl der Komorbiditäten, während der BMI zu Studienbeginn nicht prädiktiv für die Ereignisrate war. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie deutet darauf hin, dass eine regelmäßige PAP-Beatmung bei adipösen OSA-Patienten mit einer Schutzwirkung im Hinblick auf das kardiovaskuläre Risiko assoziiert sein könnte, insbesondere bei Vorliegen von Multiborbidität.
Endozystoskopie und Endomikroskopie: Noch nichts für die Praxis!
Authors: Stanzel Franz
Published: May 2017

Hintergrund: Lungenkrebs ist eine der häufigsten malignen Erkrankungen mit einer weltweiten Inzidenz von 1,6 Millionen Fällen pro Jahr. Während der wichtigste ätiologische Faktor, das Rauchen, heute bekannt ist, ist der Prozess der Progression von Vorstufen wie Dysplasie bis zum manifesten Lungenkrebs noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Darüber hinaus sind aktuelle Forschungsmethoden auf Gewebebiopsien angewiesen - ein Prozess, der jedoch den natürlichen Verlauf der eigentlichen Entwicklung während der Untersuchung verändert. Daher besteht der Bedarf, optische Biopsietechniken zu entwickeln. Ziele: Prospektive Beurteilung der Durchführbarkeit der Endozytoskopie und konfokalen Endomikroskopie zur Erkennung von malignen und prämalignen Veränderungen in den Atemwegen. Methoden: Wir verglichen die Ergebnisse der Endozytoskopie und Endomikroskopie mit den Befunden konventioneller Biopsien aus denselben Arealen von 25 Patienten, die sich einer Bronchoskopie zur Untersuchung endobronchialer Anomalien unterzogen, sowie von 5 gesunden Kontrollpersonen. Ergebnisse: Die Endozytoskopie war technisch schwieriger, interpretierbare Bilder wurden lediglich bei 21 untersuchten Personen gewonnen; somit lagen vollständige Informationen einschließlich histopathologischer Daten nur von 21 Personen vor. Die Endozytoskopie schien mit den histopathologischen Befunden der Gewebebiopsien zu korrelieren und vermochte gesundes Epithel von Dysplasien und Karzinomen zu unterscheiden. Die konfokale Endomikroskopie zeigte höhere Zuverlässigkeit und lieferte adäquate Bilddaten von allen untersuchten Patienten, ermöglichte aber nicht die Unterscheidung zwischen Dysplasie und Karzinom. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Machbarkeitsstudie deutet darauf hin, dass die Endozytoskopie das Potenzial haben könnte, die Rolle des optischen Biopsieverfahrens zur Untersuchung der Pathogenese von Lungenkrebs zu erfüllen.
Vitamin D and Albuminuria in Youth with and without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nandi-Munshi Debika , Afkarian Maryam , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Crandell Jamie L. , Bell Ronny A. , D’Agostino Ralph , Saydah Sharon , Mottl Amy K. , Dabelea Dana , Black Mary Helen , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Pihoker Catherine
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims: In adults, lower vitamin D has been associated with increased albuminuria. This association has not been extensively studied in youth with or without type 1 diabetes. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between vitamin D and albuminuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) in 8,789 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001–2006 (NHANES), who were 6–19 years old. Further, we examined the association between vitamin D and albuminuria in 938 participants from the SEARCH Nutritional Ancillary Study (SNAS), a longitudinal cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes. Results: Of the NHANES participants, 5.3, 19.5, and 53.7% had vitamin D levels <30, 50 and 80 nmol/L, respectively. Albuminuria was present in 12.8% and was more common in younger children, females, non-Hispanic whites, non-obese children, and children with hypertension. After adjustments, there was no association between vitamin D and albuminuria. Among the SNAS participants with type 1 diabetes, we also found no association between baseline vitamin D and subsequent albuminuria in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Conclusion: We did not find an association between serum vitamin D and albuminuria in either non-diabetic youth or those with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed to more fully understand this relationship.
Spironolactone as an Adjunctive Treatment in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kapoor Kapil G. , Sim Jennifer
Published: May 2017

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a potentially sight-threatening condition. The current standard-of-care treatment regimen is serial intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections. While these typically have great success, they do carry exceptional treatment burden on the patient, cost burden due to their required frequency of use, and the risk of endophthalmitis, which can be devastating. This case report explores an alternative potential option as a treatment adjunct for neovascular AMD (nAMD), and identifies some of the overlap between nAMD and central serous chorioretionpathy. Future research is needed to better understand the role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in this disease spectrum.
Skin-Dominant Phenotype in a Patient with H Syndrome: Identification of a Novel Mutation in the SLC29A3 Gene
Authors: Vural Seçil , Ertop Pelin , Durmaz Ceren D. , Şanlı Hatice , Okçu Heper Aylin , Kundakçı Nihal , Karabulut Halil G. , Ilgın Ruhi Hatice
Published: May 2017

H syndrome (OMIM 602782) is a very rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis with multisystem involvement. Hallmarks of this disorder are juvenile onset and progressive, hyperpigmented, hypertrichotic lesions with histiocytic infiltration. Associated systemic manifestations form a long list, and there is high variability between patients. In some patients, dysmorphic and other systemic features may be so subtle that the disorder may readily be mistaken as an acquired skin disease and treated as such. Herein, we report a novel homozygous c.1339G>A (p.Glu447Lys) mutation in the SLC29A3 gene in a patient with skin-dominant presentation of H syndrome. Additionally, due to the present case, double superior vena cava can be added to the list of possible cardiovascular manifestations of H syndrome.
Respiratorische Allergien und Schadstoffe in der Luft: Komplexe Interaktionen
Authors: Lommatzsch Marek
Published: May 2017

Asthma und Allergien sind zwei schwerwiegende globale Gesundheitsprobleme mit steigender Prävalenz, und Umweltdaten deuten darauf hin, dass Luftschadstoffe diese Entwicklung beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchen wir den Einfluss von Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) sowie von Der p1, dem Hauptallergen der Hausstaubmilbe, auf menschliche nasale Epithelzellen von nicht-allergischen Patienten in vitro. Proben der Nasenepithelschleimhaut von 11 Spendern wurden im Rahmen von Operationen der nasalen Luftwege gewonnen und als Air-Liquid-Interface kultiviert. Darauf folgte eine einstündige Exposition gegenüber 0,1, 1 oder 10 ppm NO2 oder synthetischer Luft als Kontrolle. Anschließend wurden die Zellen 24 h lang Der p1 ausgesetzt. Die Ausschüttung von Interleukin (IL-)6 und IL-8 wurde mittels ELISA gemessen, und die Produktion von IL-6-mRNA und IL-8-mRNA wurde durch RT-PCR bestimmt. Die NO2-Exposition führte zu einem konzentrationsabhängigen Anstieg der Freisetzung von IL-6, nicht jedoch von IL-8. Die kombinierte Exposition gegenüber 0,1 ppm NO2 und Der p1 sowie gegenüber 1 ppm NO2 und Der p 1 führte zum signifikanten Anstieg sowohl der IL-6- als auch der IL-8-Freisetzung. Die Produktion von IL-6- und IL-8-mRNA wurde durch die Exposition gegenüber NO2, Der p 1 oder beidem nicht signifikant beeinflusst. Fazit: NO2 erhöht als Mechanismus der Allergotoxikologie die Ausschüttung inflammatorischer Zytokine in humanen Nasenepithelzellen, insbesondere bei Exposition in Kombination mit Der p1.
A Novel Pathogenic Variant in the MITF Gene Segregating with a Unique Spectrum of Ocular Findings in an Extended Iranian Waardenburg Syndrome Kindred
Authors: Jalilian Nazanin , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad A. , Bahrami Tayyeb , Karbasi Golaleh , Bahramian Mohammad H. , Salimpoor Abdolrahman , Noori-Daloii Mohammad R.
Published: May 2017

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal pigmentation of the hair, skin, and iris as well as sensorineural hearing loss. WS is subdivided into 4 major types (WS1-4), where WS2 is characterized by the absence of dystopia canthorum. This study was launched to investigate clinical and molecular characteristics of WS in an extended Iranian WS2 family. A comprehensive clinical investigation was performed. Peripheral blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. Affected members of the family were studied for possible mutations within the SOX10, MITF, and SNAI2 genes. Six WS2 individuals affected from a large Iranian WS2 kindred were enrolled. All affected members carried the novel substitution c.877C>T at exon 9 in the MITF gene, which resulted in p.Arg293* at the protein level. None of the healthy members and also of 50 ethnically matched controls had this variant. In addition, a spectrum of unique ocular findings, including nystagmus, chorioretinal degeneration, optic disc hypoplasia, astigmatism, and myopia, was segregated with the mutant allele in the pedigree. Our data provide insight into the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of WS2 in an Iranian family and could further expand the spectrum of MITF mutations and have implications for genetic counseling on WS in Iran.
Rapid Cataract Progression after Nd:YAG Vitreolysis for Vitreous Floaters: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sun I-Ting , Lee Tsung-Han , Chen Chih-Hsin
Published: May 2017

Purpose: We report a case of rapid cataract progression after Nd:YAG vitreolysis for vitreous floaters. Case Report: A 55-year-old man presented with acute onset of blurred vision following Nd:YAG vitreolysis for symptomatic floaters in the left eye. His initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/1,000 in the left eye. Ocular examinations showed frost-like opacities of the lens and a suspected break of the posterior capsule in the left eye. There were no detectable retinal lesions. Cataract surgery was then arranged. Posterior capsular rupture and vitreous loss occurred during surgery, which required a subsequent pars plana vitrectomy. After the surgery, BCVA in the left eye gradually improved to 20/20 and was maintained during a 1-year follow-up period. Conclusion: Crystalline lens injuries and rapid cataract progression may occur following Nd:YAG vitreolysis. While dealing with this type of complicated cataract, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of posterior lens capsule rupture during surgery and the need for combined vitrectomy.
A Case of Childhood-Onset Giant Cell Tumor that Caused Optic Nerve Atrophy in Both Eyes
Authors: Tonari Masahiro , Matsuo Junko , Oku Hidehiro , Sugasawa Jun , Ikeda Tsunehiko , Tatsuzawa Kazunori , Fujita Tomoaki
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the case of a female patient who had a giant cell tumor in the paranasal sinus during childhood, and while undergoing multiple resection surgeries experienced optic atrophy in both eyes. Case Presentation: This study involved a 35-year-old woman who was previously diagnosed with a giant cell tumor of the paranasal sinus bone at age 13. A CT scan revealed a large tumor extending from the sphenoid sinus to the ethmoid sinus. At age 14, a tumor resection was performed in conjunction with radiation therapy. However, after resection and radiation therapy there were repeated recurrences, and additional resections were performed. Ophthalmically, there was marked optical atrophy in both eyes, and Goldmann visual field perimetry revealed that only the arcuate peripheral area remained on the nasal side of the right eye, and that there were dark spots in the paracentral area of the left eye. Conclusions: In this case, a large giant cell tumor occurred in the sphenoid sinus and ethmoid sinus during childhood, and it is thought that optic atrophy was caused by compressive optic neuropathy. The sphenoid sinus and ethmoid sinuses are anatomically close to the optic nerve, and when a tumor grows larger at this site it can easily put pressure on the optic nerve. Therefore, early detection and treatment are important.
A Pilot Trial of S-1 and Paclitaxel in Unresectable or Postoperative Recurrent Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Pretreated by Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Docetaxel Chemotherapy
Authors: Nakajima Yasuaki , Kawada Kenro , Tokairin Yutaka , Hoshino Akihiro , Okada Takuya , Kawano Tatsuyuki
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims: This study documents the clinical efficacy and toxicity of S-1 and paclitaxel (S1/PTX) in patients with unresectable or postoperative recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who had been previously treated with fluorouracil (5FU), cisplatin, and docetaxel. Methods: Twenty-eight ESCC patients treated using S1/PTX at our institute since 2010 were enrolled in this study. S1 was administered orally at a dose of 80 mg/m2/day from days 1 to 14, and PTX was administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 at a dose of 80-100 mg/m2. Results: A total of 106 cycles (median 2.5 cycles, range 1-12 cycles) were administered. The response rate was 14.8%, including 3 complete responses. The median progression-free survival time was 137 days, and the median overall survival time was 306 days. Severe neutropenia occurred in 13 patients, and 3 showed febrile neutropenia. All non-hematological toxicities were mild, and peripheral nerve paralysis was observed in 2 patients. Conclusion: S1/PTX was found to have tolerable clinical efficacy in terms of the response rate, survival and toxicity in patients with unresectable or postoperative recurrent ESCC who had previously been treated with 5FU, cisplatin, and docetaxel.
High Prestroke Physical Activity Is Associated with Reduced Infarct Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous tPA and Randomized to Remote Ischemic Perconditioning
Authors: Blauenfeldt Rolf A. , Hougaard Kristina D. , Mouridsen Kim , Andersen Grethe
Published: May 2017

Background: A high prestroke physical activity (PA) level is associated with reduced stroke rate, stroke mortality, better functional outcome, and possible neuroprotective abilities. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible neuroprotective effect of prestroke PA on 24-h cerebral infarct growth in a cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous tPA and randomized to remote ischemic perconditioning. Methods: In this predefined subanalysis, data from a randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) on AIS was used. Prestroke (7 days before admission) PA was quantified using the PA Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire at baseline. Infarct growth was evaluated using MRI (acute, 24-h, and 1-month). Results: PASE scores were obtained from 102 of 153 (67%) patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 66 (58-73) years. A high prestroke PA level correlated significantly with reduced acute infarct growth (24 h) in the linear regression model (4th quartile prestroke PA level compared with the 1st quartile), β4th quartile = -0.82 (95% CI -1.54 to -0.10). However, the effect of prestroke PA was present mainly in patients randomized to RIPerC, β4th quartile = -1.14 (95% CI -2.04 to -0.25). In patients randomized to RIPerC, prestroke PA was a predictor of final infarct size (1-month infarct volume), β4th quartile = -1.78 (95% CI -3.15 to -0.41). Conclusion: In AIS patients treated with RIPerC, as add-on to intravenous thrombolysis, the level of PA the week before the stroke was associated with decreased 24-h infarct growth and final infarct size. These results are highly encouraging and stress the need for further exploration of the potentially protective effects of both PA and remote ischemic conditioning.
Qual é a verdadeira? (de Charles Baudelaire): armadilhas da imitação e da criação na representação da realidade
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Michelli S.
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tenciona discutir o enigma contido no poema em prosa “Qual é a verdadeira? O Ideal e o Real”, da obra Le Spleen de Paris, de Charles Baudelaire, a partir da análise do poema e de um breve estudo sobre a noção de mímesis e os referenciais de imitação presentes no livro X de A república de Platão, na Poética de Aristóteles e na Doutrina da arte de Schlegel. Sugere-se que a personagem Benedita e seu duplo, inicialmente alegorizados no título, organizam-se como símbolos que dialogam com as formas poéticas clássica e moderna. Nesse jogo simbólico, o narrador enuncia questões concernentes à própria prática de escritura, evidencia de que maneira sua proposta participa da tradição poética e fornece pistas para a compreensão de seu enigma.
“O inferno é o lar, é o lugar ao qual pertencemos” Entrevista com Bernardo Carvalho
Authors: Martiniuk Thiago Dos Santos
Published: May 2017

A entrevista[1]a seguir foi feita em 18 de dezembro de 2013, o tempo que decorreu desde então, no entanto, não a fez envelhecer. Os temas tratados parecem tocar em questões centrais para aqueles que resolverem se aventurar pelos labirintos erguidos pelas obras do autor.
Quatro poemas de Nicanor Parra
Authors: Lopes João Gabriel Mostazo
Published: May 2017

Nicanor Parra (Chile, 1914), o autodenominado antipoeta, é um dos autores latino-americanos mais importantes hoje, e certamente, aos 102 anos, o maior poeta chileno vivo. Agraciado em 2011 com o Prêmio Cervantes, o mais prestigioso da literatura de língua espanhola, sua obra, largamente influente no mundo hispano-americano, permanece virtualmente desconhecida do público brasileiro, em razão, sobretudo, da sua precária penetração no nosso mercado editorial. À parte alguns poemas recolhidos em uma antologia publicada em 2009, em uma parceria entre as academias brasileira e chilena de Letras, e uma ou outra tradução publicada de maneira dispersa em blogs e revistas online, os antipoemas nunca foram, na sua grande maioria, vertidos para o português.
Ensaio por uma aula estranha; ou sobre literatura e palavra
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Glaydson
Published: May 2017

Conta a testemunha ― quase titulada em Filosofia, mas que desistiu pouco antes de concluir, a fim de transferir-se para o curso de Audiovisual ― que em certa aula, durante uma greve geral, o professor, no caso o grande especialista (e tradutor) de Hegel na Faculdade, chegou à sala com um olho muito roxo, potencialmente esmurrado; e aquela aula deveria ser sobre Rousseau, mas ele, com seus modos de colono alemão, desatou a falar em Empfindung, Geschichte, Ideelle, Einbildungen...
City Hall
Authors: Sime Diego
Published: May 2017

Cerca de la casa de mi madre ví a un hombre aparentemente insano, sucio hasta los dientes, se mojaba con agua de un balde de pintura y se secaba la cara con una bolsa de plástico. Recordé el viejo regalo de mi madre, un libro llamado ¿Por qué moja el agua? y me pregunté si uno podría olvidar cómo secarse. Tres meses después me asombró encontrar a ese mismo hombre, presentado por un líder de la iglesia Agua Viva, como una evidencia del poder de la fe para combatir las adicciones.
Quatro Poemas
Authors: Santos Michele
Published: May 2017

Quatro poemas
Jamil Almansur Haddad, um poeta à deriva
Authors: Queiroz Christina Stephano de
Published: May 2017

A história de Jamil Almansur Haddad, poeta, ensaísta e tradutor brasileiro, foi marcada pela dificuldade dos críticos de entender e classificar sua poesia – seja em relação às escolas literárias brasileiras ou sobre suas influências árabes. Filho de imigrantes libaneses, Haddad foi considerado figura controversa e polêmica e fez parte da elite pensante, ao publicar ensaios políticos e literários nos principais jornais e revistas do país. Apesar dessa centralidade, o autor se tornou, hoje, desconhecido pelo público leitor. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é delinear a trajetória intelectual do poeta, destacando suas transições e contradições com as escolas literárias brasileiras entre os anos 1930 a 1980.