bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernization of the power supply system applying solar cells and batteries
Authors: Serdiuk Tetiana , Serchenko Maksym , Radkevych Anatolii , Serdiuk Svitlana , Skalko Viktor
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an assessment was made of the installation of solar panels as a backup power source for the Post of electric centralization. The advantages of using this system and an example of calculations for the Post of electric centralization were given. The norms of electricity consumption were analyzed.
Generalising cases of insensitive queuing city traffic management systems and their impact on the delivery of goods by air and road
Authors: Kuchma Olena , Gabrielova Tetiana , Lytvynenko Sergiy , Viniukov-Proshchenko Artur
Published: January 2024

It is established that the urban traffic management system, as well as the aviation traffic management system, has a significant impact on the multimodal delivery of goods in the road-air transport, which requires the creation of tools for theoretical substantiation and practical implementation. The authors� method of determination the occurrence of vehicles queues in cities using mathematical modelling tools for three scenarios of crossing intersections was developed. The conceptual scheme for calculating the occurrence of the queue of vehicles was proposed. It was noted that vehicles in the queue often arrive randomly, the duration of service is constant, and the probability that before the queue disappears for the first time a certain number of cars cross the intersection has a Borel-Tanner distribution. The given mathematical modelling should become a part of tools for the implementation of the integrated intelligent information system of cities as a cluster of the city traffic management system.
Adaptation Capacity Management of the Passenger Air Carrier as a Participant in the Tourism Product Creation Process
Authors: Lytvynenko Larysa , Hryhorak Mariia , Yanovsky Petro , Gabrielova Tetiana , Maliarenko Dasha , Popova Yuliia
Published: January 2024

The paper provides a critical analysis of researches related to the definition of different types of business opportunities, general approaches to adaptation management, adaptation potential management of transport and tourism enterprises. The choice of air carriers as the object of study was due to the greatest difficulty in managing their adaptation potential, and their key impact on the tourism product. The prerequisites for the adaptation of air carriers to the global tourism market were determined. It was noted that the adaptation capacity of enterprises has its own characteristics depending on the scope of activity of business entities. The scientific novelty is formed by the defined sequence of the procedure and the stages of air carrier adaptation to the conditions of the world tourism market. For the first time, a set of measures to adapt air carriers to the global tourism market was proposed. Intensification of tourism market participants’ interaction will provide an opportunity for global expansion of the tourism product.
Provision of a rational control mode at pedestrian crosswalk
Authors: Royko Yurii , Hrytsun Oleh , Bura Romana , Yevchuk Yurii
Published: January 2024

Signalized pedestrian crosswalks on urban streets are essential for ensuring the safe crossing of the roadway by pedestrians and controlling the movement of vehicles. These crosswalks allow pedestrians to cross the roadway by the set rules, providing safety and comfort to all road users. Pedestrian safety is critical to improving mobility in cities. About 15% of traffic accidents occur at signalized crosswalks. Existing traffic signal control systems are mainly aimed at road traffic, which often results in significant delays and insufficient time for pedestrians to cross. It leads to risky behavior, such as not obeying traffic rules. Current pedestrian detection systems at signalized intersections mainly consist of pedestrian controllers called “buttons”. Limitations include the inability to notify a pedestrian that he, or she has been detected and the inability to dynamically extend crossing times if pedestrians do not cross the road in time. Intelligent transport systems play an essential role in improving mobility and safety and provide innovative methods to connect pedestrians, vehicles and infrastructure. Most of the research on smart and connected technologies focuses on vehicles, but there is a need to use these technologies to study pedestrian behavior, as pedestrians are the most vulnerable participants in the transportation system. Therefore, the transport system should take into account all pedestrians and satisfy all needs. Therefore, this article aims to provide information on improving traffic signal control system at pedestrian crosswalks to make them more pedestrian-friendly without significant disruption to traffic flow. The study was carried out by modeling a pedestrian crosswalk for different combinations of pedestrians and traffic flow. This paper presents modeling results and provides recommendations for the introduction of a rational control mode at pedestrian crosswalks.
Optimization Solutions of a Multistage Balanced Transport Problem with using of the Potential Method
Authors: Liaskovska Solomiia , Augousti Andy T. , Lanets Olena , Duran Olga C. , Velyka Oksana , Martyn Yevhen
Published: January 2024

Route optimization is an important issue because it allows improving the economic component in production. Its generalization to optimization problems on networks is shown. The transport task is formulated in the network setting: to make a plan of cargo trans-portation on the transport network so that the cargo stocks were taken out of the points of depar-ture, the needs of consumers at the destinations were met, and the total cost of transportation was minimal. The algorithm of its solution is given, revealed on a concrete example of delivery of products to customers who sell these products on a daily basis. Tables of the basic and optimal plan, a transport network of the optimal plan of transportations are made. The process of solving such a problem by modeling in the environment is proposed. The simulation model of this process was created with using the FlexSim software. The process of creating the simulation model is demonstrated
Mathematical modelling and mechanics approaches in investigation of structural failure causes
Authors: Kuzin Mykola , Vovk Pavel , Kuzin Oleg
Published: January 2024

An approach has been proposed for analyzing the causes of failure of parts, which is based on the use of mathematical modeling in calculating mechanical loads and strength parameters by finite-element analysis, followed by an assessment of the durability of the structure using methods of mechanics of damaged media that take into account the accumulation of structural defects in the material of products. The developed approach was used to calculate critical loads that led to the destruction of the crankshaft of a passenger car engine, and to establish the reasons for their appearance, and also allowed to propose technical solutions to eliminate such emergency situations.
Apprentissage coopératif et jugement clinique : perspective d’infirmiers et d’infirmières expertes en soins critiques
Authors: Dastous Audrey , Boyer Louise , Lavoie Patrick
Published: January 2024

Contexte :Les activités d’apprentissage coopératif sont bénéfiques pour l’apprentissage des infirmiers et des infirmières novices et débutantes. Toutefois, les connaissances sur le processus d’apprentissage lors de ces activités ainsi que leur apport pour les infirmiers et les infirmières expertes demeurent limités.But :Cette étude avait pour but d’explorer, selon la perspective d’experts et d’expertes en soins critiques, la contribution d’activités d’apprentissage coopératif à leur compétence à poser un jugement clinique.Méthodes :Pour cette étude qualitative descriptive, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de sept experts et expertes en soins critiques et ayant fait l’expérience récente d’activités d’apprentissage coopératif avec des infirmiers et des infirmières à différents stades de développement, de novice à expert. Les données ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique.Résultats :La discussion lors d’activités d’apprentissage coopératif permet aux experts et aux expertes de développer leur jugement clinique par des processus de comparaison et d’explication. Ces processus leur permettent de remettre en question leur raisonnement, de comprendre leurs automatismes, de faire l’état de leurs connaissances et de les approfondir. Les caractéristiques de ces activités, soit l’établissement d’un environnement sécuritaire et l’hétérogénéité du groupe d’apprenants, semblent être des conditions préalables et essentielles à la discussion.Conclusion :Ces résultats suggèrent que les infirmiers experts et les infirmières expertes bénéficient de la discussion au sein des activités d’apprentissage coopératif au même titre que les infirmiers et les infirmières moins expérimentés. La constitution de groupes de formation diversifiés représente une avenue porteuse pour maximiser les bénéfices des activités d’apprentissage coopératif, particulièrement en présence d’apprenants de différentes professions, milieux cliniques et stades de développement.
Validation of a Costing Algorithm and Cost Drivers for Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Patel Sharina , Lacroix Guy , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Shah Prakesh S. , Beltempo Marc ,   On behalf of the Canadian Preterm Birth Network Investigators Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators
Published: January 2024

Objective Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) account for over 35% of pediatric in-hospital costs. A better understanding of NICU expenditures may help identify areas of improvements. This study aimed to validate the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) costing algorithm for seven case-mix groups with actual costs incurred in a tertiary NICU and explore drivers of cost.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study of infants admitted within 24 hours of birth to a Level-3 NICU from 2016 to 2019. Patient data and predicted costs were obtained from the CNN database and were compared to actual obtained from the hospital accounting system (Coût par Parcours de Soins et de Services). Cost estimates (adjusted to 2017 Canadian Dollars) were compared using Spearman correlation coefficient (rho).

Results Among 1,795 infants included, 169 (9%) had major congenital anomalies, 164 (9%) with <29 weeks' gestational age (GA), 189 (11%) with 29 to 32 weeks' GA, and 452 (25%) with 33 to 36 weeks' GA. The rest were term infants: 86 (5%) with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia, 194 (11%) requiring respiratory support, and 541 (30%) admitted for other reasons. Median total NICU costs varied from $6,267 (term infants admitted for other reasons) to $211,103 (infants born with <29 weeks' GA). Median daily costs ranged from $1,613 to $2,238. Predicted costs correlated with actual costs across all case-mix groups (rho range 0.78–0.98, p < 0.01) with physician and nursing representing the largest proportion of total costs (65–82%).

Conclusion The CNN algorithm accurately predicts NICU total costs for seven case-mix groups. Personnel costs account for three-fourths of in-hospital total costs of all infants in the NICU.

Key Points
In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Development of Discolorations on Human Enamel Caused by Treatment with Mouth Rinses and Black Tea Considering Brushing
Authors: Sarembe Sandra , Michler Nicole , Ufer Carolin , Kiesow Andreas
Published: January 2024

Objectives The study aimed to develop and test an in vitro model to investigate the staining potential of mouth rinses on human enamel, considering alternating intake of black tea and tooth brushing, thus mimicking the situation in the oral cavity more realistically.

Materials and Methods Eight mouth rinses with six different active ingredients (benzydamine hydrochloride [BNZ], polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride [PHMB], chlorhexidine digluconate [CHX], hexetidine gluconate [HEX], octenidine dihydrochloride [OCT] and octenidine dihydrochloride + 2-phenoxyethanol [OCTP]) and concentrations were tested. Sets of six halved human molar crowns were initially pretreated by soaking in artificial saliva (30 min). Afterward, the cyclic treatment was started by soaking in artificial saliva (2 min), staining with black tea (1 min), brushing with toothpaste (5 s), and soaking in the mouth rinse (30 s). Samples were rinsed with distilled water after each treatment step. The cyclic treatment was repeated 30 times, mimicking the consumer behavior after 15 days. Photographic images were taken after 0, 10, 20, and 30 cycles. Color measurements were conducted after each staining and brushing step using a VITA-Easyshade spectrophotometer to determine the difference in lightness ∆L and the total color difference ∆E.

Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05) were applied.

Results The new testing model with included brushing sequences allowed to assess the staining behavior on human teeth and provided a clear differentiation between the different investigated products. In detail, up to cycle 10, ΔE values increased for all mouth rinses with each additional cycle number. However, while ΔE values continued to increase for 0.15% BNZ, 0.1% PHMB, and 0.2% CHX between treatment cycle 10 and 30, ΔE values only slightly increased after treatment with 0.08% OCTP, 0.1% OCTP, 0.1% OCT, and 0.1% HEX. After 20 and 30 cycles, significantly less staining was found for 0.08% OCTP, 0.1% OCT, 0.1% HEX as compared to 0.2% CHX, 0.15% BNZ, and 0.1% PHMB (p < 0.05). ΔE-values were significantly lower after treatment with 0.1% OCTP as compared to 0.2% CHX1 and 0.2% CHX2 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The proposed new methodology was found to be appropriate for assessing the staining progression of mouth rinses over a simulated application period of 15 days. The model allows differentiation of products with different active ingredients and concentrations.
What matters in the cultivation of student feedback literacy: exploring university EFL teachers’ perceptions and practices
Authors: Xie Zhenfang , Liu Wen
Published: January 2024

Student feedback literacy has been widely recognized as a crucial lever in shaping self-regulated autonomous learners. Extant research has displayed a whole variety of feedback interventions to promote student feedback literacy. However, these discussions are either of a conceptual nature or draw on the experiences of feed-back literate teachers. The perceptions and practices of those in-service teachers count in the cultivation of student feedback literacy, which quite unexpectedly have drawn scant attention. This qualitative study explored how university EFL teachers perceived the need to cultivate student feedback literacy and their actual practices through thematic analysis about data gathered from semi-structured interviews with 9 Chinese university EFL teachers and classroom observation. Results revealed an obvious lack of awareness among the participants to purposefully develop student feedback literacy, underpinned by the conceptualization of feedback as teacher-centered and compounded by a shortage of relevant guiding policies. However, the participants subconsciously promoted student feedback literacy through cognitive steering, behavioral regulation and affective support in unsystematic and disorganized feedback interventions. The findings highlight the exigency for teachers to deepen their understandings about feedback and call for policy support from the authorities. Implications are discussed to chart the potentials to optimize the cultivation of student feedback literacy.
Low-dimensional modeling approach promises more efficient climate predictions
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: January 2024

Novel dynamical systems approach may lead to better forecasting using less computational power.
Dislocation storage-release-recovery model for metals under strain rates from 10−3 to 107 s−1, and application to tantalum
Authors: Denoual Christophe , Pellegrini Yves-Patrick , Lafourcade Paul , Madec Ronan
Published: January 2024

Extending the storage-recovery model, we propose a new strengthening model, premised on detailed evolution laws for both mobile and immobile dislocations, for metals under moderate to intense loading. These dislocation density evolution laws include the multiplication, storage under the effect of dislocation junctions, release of pinned dislocations, and annihilation by cross-slip. The storage-release description is derived from a simplified depiction of the probability distribution function of the dislocation length in dislocation networks. Although the model requires only few parameters to characterize the evolution of dislocation densities, remarkable agreement is found with available experimental data. From a theoretical study of the long-time behavior of the model, analytical expressions are provided to easily extract most of these parameters from experimental stress–strain curves in the quasi-static regime, whereas the parameter that governs the strength of the release process is adjusted from dynamic tensile tests. Their values so determined for polycrystalline tantalum allow the model to reproduce experimental plate-impact data with a very good match.
The existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions to 3D viscous primitive equations with Caputo fractional time derivatives
Authors: Wang Yejuan , Liu Yaping , Caraballo Tomás
Published: January 2024

On the one hand, the primitive three-dimensional viscous equations for large-scale ocean and atmosphere dynamics are commonly used in weather and climate predictions. On the other hand, ever since the middle of the last century, it has been widely recognized that the climate variability exhibits long-time memory. In this paper, we first prove the global existence of weak solutions to the primitive equations of large-scale ocean and atmosphere dynamics with Caputo fractional time derivatives. Then we establish the existence of an absorbing set, which is positively invariant. Finally, an attractor (strictly speaking, the minimal attracting set containing all the limiting dynamics) is constructed for the time fractional primitive equations, which means that the present state of a system may have long-time influences on the states in far future. However, there was no work on the long-time behavior of the time fractional primitive equations and we fill this gap in this paper.
Collective propulsion of viscous drop pairs based on Quincke rotation in a uniform electric field
Authors: Dong Qingming , Xie Zonglu , Zhou Xiang , Lu Jingang , Wang Zhentao
Published: January 2024

Droplet collective propulsion is a crucial technology for microscale engineering applications. Despite great progress, current approaches to droplet manipulation still face many challenges. Here, a novel strategy for the collective propulsion of droplet pairs is proposed, which is based on two fundamental dynamics phenomena: i) the Quincke rotation; ii) the dynamics of vortex pairs. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) numerical computation is performed to study the effect of viscosity ratio (λ = μi/μo ≤ 60, “i” and “o” indicate the drop and bulk phase) and electric field strength (E0*≤ 6.78) on the collectively propelling performance and reveal the propelled mechanisms of the droplet pair with fixed conductivity ratio Q (=σi/σo) = 0.01 and permittivity ratio S (=εi/εo) = 0.5. The novel approach to spontaneous propulsion proposed in this work achieves the remote manipulation of droplets without limiting the translation distance. The translation velocity can reach 2.0 mm/s for the examined cased in this work. In addition, the findings indicate that two factors determine the collective propulsion of droplet pairs: the strength of the Quincke vortex (Γ*) and the front vortex pair, which appears at the front end of the droplet pair and essentially counteracts the propulsion. For 5.0 < λ < 10, a weaker front vortex pair is generated. The increase in λ augments the strength of the Quincke vortex and in turn accelerates the collective propulsion. As 10 < λ < 28, the increasing λ results in a stronger front vortex pair and thus weakens the performance. As λ > 28, the direction of translation is reversed and the front vortex pair becomes weaker until it disappears completely at λ = 50. Thus, the increase in λ improves the collectively propelled performance in λ > 28. In addition, the effect of E0* on the collective propulsion is examined with varied λ (=8, 15, 50) and the fixed Q = 0.01, S = 0.5. The stronger E0* can lead to a faster translation. However, when the drop pair with the higher viscosity (λ = 50) is exposed to a stronger electric field (E0* = 5.08), two drops undergo irregular electrorotation (the direction of rotation changes alternately). The alternating up/down translation cannot produce the directional translation.
Formation characteristics and acoustic regulation of liquid metal droplets in low-aspect-ratio channels
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Liu Zhaomiao , Zheng Nan , Zhang Chenchen , Cai Fanming , Zheng Kai , Pang Yan
Published: January 2024

The uniformity in size of liquid metal droplets is crucial in determining the accuracy of flexible circuit printing as well as the stability in signal transmission. In this study, the numerical simulation and the experiment method are combined to analyze the droplet preparation process of liquid metal. Furthermore, the mechanism of the surface acoustic wave as an external force dominating the breakup of the liquid metal interface is investigated. The results show that the squeezing pressure and the capillary force are the dominant forces of the interface evolution in the low-aspect-ratio (height/width) channel. When the dispersed phase flow rate is low, the interface will retract upstream of the channel under the influence of large interfacial tension after breakup, resulting in fluctuations in flow rate, and therefore, the stability of droplet size is weak. When the dispersed phase flow rate is high, the interface randomly breaks up under the influence of the Rayleigh–Plateau instability, which also leads to uneven droplet size. As the acoustic intensity increases, the acoustic radiation pressure gradually becomes the dominant force responsible for the squeezing and breakup of the interface. It increases the radial contraction rate of the interface, shortens the droplet generation period, and ultimately reduces the droplet size. Additionally, the size deviation value is significantly reduced from 10.13% to 1.05%. This study is useful in elucidating the evolution mechanism of liquid metal interfaces in low-aspect-ratio channels, improving the fundamental theory of interface breakup caused by acoustic radiation pressure, and providing theoretical guidance for the controlled and stable production of liquid metal droplets.
p-GaN gate power HEMT heterostructure as a versatile platform for extremely wide-temperature-range (X-WTR) applications
Authors: Ng Yat Hon , Zheng Zheyang , Zhang Li , Liu Ruizi , Chen Tao , Feng Sirui , Shao Qiming , Chen Kevin J.
Published: January 2024

In this work, we manifest that the epitaxial structure for p-GaN gate high-electron-mobility transistor is a versatile platform to develop electronics for operating in an extremely wide temperature range (X-WTR) from 2 to 675 K, with comprehensive X-WTR studies on device operation and circuit behaviors. The key enabler for the high-temperature operation is the wide bandgap that substantially suppresses the thermal excitation of the intrinsic carrier. However, for the low-temperature side, the two-dimensional electron and hole gas (2DEG and 2DHG) channels at the heterojunctions are formed by the temperature-insensitive polarization fields, which free the carriers from freezing out. The monolithically integrated GaN n-FET, p-FET, and the resultant complementary circuits are, therefore, shown to operate in X-WTR.
Modulation of Rayleigh–Bénard convection with a large temperature difference by inertial nonisothermal particles
Authors: Sun De-Fa , Wan Zhen-Hua , Sun De-Jun
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the modulation by inertial nonisothermal particles in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection with non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq effects due to a large temperature difference. Direct numerical simulations combined with a Lagrangian point-particle method are performed for 1×106≤Ra≤1×108 and 6.1×10−3≤Stf≤1.2, where the Rayleigh number Ra and Stokes number Stf measure the vigor of convection and particle response time, respectively. The typical aspect ratio Γ = 1 is of primary concern. We find that a horizontally arranged double-roll flow pattern prevails at intermediate Stokes numbers with optimal heat transfer efficiency, which has never been reported before. Compared to the single-phase cases, the heat transfer efficiency is enhanced by a factor of two or three. For micro Stokes numbers, unlike cases in the Oberbeck–Boussinesq limit where the addition of particles causes a small amount of flow structure changes, in this study, it is observed that a tiny volume load of particles could actually induce significant flow oscillations or trigger fluid instability for Ra=106; conversely, for medium Rayleigh numbers (Ra=107), it is found that flow reversal is slightly suppressed by small particles. For intermediate Stokes numbers, where particle–fluid couplings are strongest and a wealth of new phenomena emerge, special attention is paid. Considering different aspect ratios, after the addition of particles, it is found that closed RB systems tend to contain an even number of convection rolls rather than odd ones. Quantitatively, heat transfer also improves significantly for various aspect ratios for intermediate Stokes numbers. Subsequent investigations reveal that the narrowing of the horizontal size of convection rolls cannot fully explain the significant enhancement; instead, it should also be attributed to strong couplings between particles and fluid dynamics. Moreover, it is found that both momentum and thermal couplings play crucial roles in enhancing heat transfer efficiency.
Ultrastable and high-performance amplified spontaneous emission in centimeter-scale inorganic CsPbBr3 single-crystal thin films
Authors: Cao Yuehan , Xu Caixia , Zhang Yunhui , Song Tianwei , Liao Lulu , Ran Zihui , He Yanwei , Xiao Zhengguo , Xu Long
Published: January 2024

In this work, high-quality and centimeter-scale CsPbBr3 perovskite single-crystal thin films were grown using the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition method. Extremely flat surfaces without distinct grain boundaries were observed throughout the thin films. A high polarized degree of approximately 0.52 was measured from the single-crystal thin films by analyzing the polarization of the photoluminescence emission spectra. Low threshold amplified spontaneous emissions with an optical gain coefficient of 1215 cm−1 under the excitation energy of 301 μJ/cm2 and the highest value of 2857 cm−1 under the excitation energy of 1.08 mJ/cm2 were investigated under the excitation of a nanosecond laser at 266 nm. The CsPbBr3 single-crystal thin films showed excellent stability where the optical gain coefficient could be maintained over 1800 cm−1 after exposure to air for ten months. The results of this study not only provide high-quality single-crystal films for laser applications but also put forward a feasible scheme to improve the stability of the materials.
Flexural-gravity wave scattering by an array of bottom-standing partial porous barriers in the framework of Bragg resonance and blocking dynamics
Authors: Chanda A. , Barman S. C. , Sahoo T. , Meylan M. H.
Published: January 2024

Flexural-gravity wave scattering by an array of vertical porous barriers of various configurations is investigated in finite water depth from the viewpoint of blocking dynamics. A scattering matrix is introduced for the velocity potentials using the canonical eigenfunction expansion method developed for a single propagating wave mode to account for the multiple propagating wave modes. Subsequently, appropriate matching conditions are applied at the interface boundaries and edges to solve the physical problem. Apart from multiple barriers of equal length, the efficiency of four different barrier configurations of unequal lengths is investigated. This study shows that out of these four barrier configurations, the convex and increasing order of the barrier arrangements are more effective as wave-dissipating systems than the concave and decreasing order of the barriers. Bragg reflection occurs in the case of two or more barriers for a specific value of porosity and suitable barrier configuration, whose amplitude decreases with an increase in the number of barriers due to the dissipation of wave energy. The presence of three propagating wave modes in the blocking paradigm leads to mode conversion within a certain range of the frequency space. Both the scattering and dissipation coefficients are influenced by the wave energy transfer rates and the amplitudes of incident, reflected, and transmitted wave modes. This investigation exhibits the presence of discontinuities in the scattering coefficients at frequencies where blocking and mode conversion occur. The frequency domain results are used to simulate the plate displacement in the time domain by applying the Fourier transform.
High-accuracy image-free classification of high-speed rotating objects with fluctuating rotation periods
Authors: Yang Ganhong , Yao Manhong , Li Shiping , Zhang Jingdong , Zhong Jingang
Published: January 2024

Image-free classification methods with single-pixel measuring and deep learning show a capacity for long-duration classification of moving objects. However, motion blur restricts the allowable object motion speed of existing image-free classification methods. Aimed at high-speed rotating objects, we propose an image-free classification approach based on single-pixel measuring at the same spatial position of different rotation cycles to reduce motion blur. The proposed approach allows classifying rotating objects with fluctuating rotation periods to better meet the actual application conditions. We verify the proposed method by classifying the digits placed on a rotating disk. In our experiments, when digits rotate at around 960.9 revolutions per minute, corresponding to 10.06 m/s, the classification accuracy reaches 95.9%. In theory, the allowable speed is determined only by the sampling rate of the single-pixel measurements, which can allow for higher speeds than experimentally achieved. The proposed image-free classification method provides a promising way of monitoring high-speed rotating objects in the engineering field.
A current-controlled magnonic reservoir for physical reservoir computing
Authors: Ustinov Alexey B. , Haponchyk Roman V. , Kostylev Mikhail
Published: January 2024

Physical reservoir computers based on principles of magnonics promise energy efficient data processing and a reduction in the size and weight of the neuromorphic computing devices. The present work is a major step toward all-magnonic implementation of the recently proposed concept of a physical reservoir based on the spin wave active ring. The main component of the ring is a spin wave delay line employing a thin film of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) as the spin wave guiding medium. We propose controlling spin wave propagation in the YIG film electronically to enter input data into the reservoir. To this end, we exploit a physical effect of scattering of backward volume spin waves from a highly localized Oersted field of a dc current flowing through a metallic strip sitting on top of the YIG film. We find experimentally that a very small current (on the order of several milliamps) through the strip is able to control the amplitude of auto-oscillations in the ring. The use of the current control of spin wave propagation as a means to enter input data into the reservoir reduces the number of non-magnetic components of the reservoir to just one (a microwave amplifier). In addition, the proposed current-controlled magnonic reservoir demonstrates a record-high short-term memory capacity of 5.53, as our experiments show. Our findings open up an avenue for reduction of energy consumption by magnonic active-ring-based physical reservoirs, their micro-miniaturization, and all-magnonic implementation.
A highly ductile carbon material made of triangle rings: A study of machine learning
Authors: Huang Guan , Zhang Lichuan , Chu Shibing , Xie Yuee , Chen Yuanping
Published: January 2024

Carbon materials exhibit diverse mechanical properties, from hard diamond to soft graphite. However, carbon materials with high ductility are rare, because of strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms. Here, we propose that the structures of triangular lattice have higher ductility than those of hexagonal or quadrangle lattice. A two-dimensional (2D) carbon network, named a carbon Kagome lattice (CKL), is used as an example to verify the point. The carbon structure has a Kagome lattice similar to the triangular lattice. Because empirical potentials cannot well simulate mechanical properties of carbon structures with triangular carbon rings, we work out a neuroevolution potential (NEP) based on a machine learning method. Structural evolution and phase transition under strain have been studied based on the NEP. The results indicate that the ductility of 2D CKL can approach 80%, and even at a high temperature, the ductility can reach 48%. The ductile values are the highest in all 2D crystal materials except the molecular materials. The high ductility is attributed to the phase transition of 2D CKL under tensile strain. It transits to another carbon allotrope, named Carbon Ene-Yne graphyne, which can also sustain a large tensile strain. Our work not only proposes that the materials with triangular lattice have high ductile ability but also finds a 2D carbon material with the highest ductility, extending mechanical applications of materials.
Determination method for magnetic momentum compensation temperature of ferrimagnets by extrapolating from narrow temperature range
Authors: Chang Jun-Young , Jeong Yun-Chae , Lee Ah-Yeon , Choi Yeon Suk , Park Seung-Young , Min Byoung-Chul , Je Soong-Geun , Choe Sug-Bong , Kim Duck-Ho
Published: January 2024

We propose here an experimental method to determine the magnetization compensation temperature of ferrimagnets. Our method utilizes the first-order derivative of the spontaneous net magnetization with respect to the temperature and then analyzes the results within the context of the Bloch's law of ferrimagnetic materials. This method enables us to extrapolate the compensation temperatures, even when they exceed the measurement limit. Consequently, a wide range of compensation temperatures can be determined using a single experimental setup. The present method provides a versatile tool for analyzing huge compensation temperature in the emerging field of ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic spintronics.
BARA: cellular automata simulation of multidimensional smouldering in peat with horizontally varying moisture contents
Authors: Purnomo Dwi M. J. , Christensen Eirik G. , Fernandez-Anez Nieves , Rein Guillermo
Published: January 2024

Background Smouldering peatland wildfires can last for months and create a positive feedback for climate change. These flameless, slow-burning fires spread horizontally and vertically and are strongly influenced by peat moisture content. Most models neglect the non-uniform nature of peat moisture. Aims We conducted a computational study into the spread behaviour of smouldering peat with horizontally varying moisture contents. Methods We developed a discrete cellular automaton model called BARA, and calibrated it against laboratory experiments. Key results BARA demonstrated high accuracy in predicting fire spread under non-uniform moisture conditions, with >80% similarity between observed and predicted shapes, and captured complex phenomena. BARA simulated 1 h of peat smouldering in 3 min, showing its potential for field-scale modelling. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate: (i) the critical role of moisture distribution in determining smouldering behaviour; (ii) incorporating peat moisture distribution into BARA’s simple rules achieved reliable predictions of smouldering spread; (iii) given its high accuracy and low computational requirement, BARA can be upscaled to field applications. Implications BARA contributes to our understanding of peatland wildfires and their underlying drivers. BARA could form part of an early fire warning system for peatland.
Computational inference of eIF4F complex function and structure in human cancers
Authors: Wu Su , Wagner Gerhard
Published: January 2024

The canonical eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex, composed of eIF4G1, eIF4A1, and the cap-binding protein eIF4E, plays a crucial role in cap-dependent translation initiation in eukaryotic cells. An alternative cap-independent initiation can occur, involving only eIF4G1 and eIF4A1 through internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). This mechanism is considered complementary to cap-dependent initiation, particularly in tumors under stress conditions. However, the selection and molecular mechanism of specific translation initiation remains poorly understood in human cancers. Thus, we analyzed gene copy number variations (CNVs) in TCGA tumor samples and found frequent amplification of genes involved in translation initiation. Copy number gains in
EIF4G1
and
EIF3E
frequently co-occur across human cancers. Additionally,
EIF4G1
expression strongly correlates with genes from cancer cell survival pathways including cell cycle and lipogenesis, in tumors with
EIF4G1
amplification or duplication. Furthermore, we revealed that eIF4G1 and eIF4A1 protein levels strongly co-regulate with ribosomal subunits, eIF2, and eIF3 complexes, while eIF4E co-regulates with 4E-BP1, ubiquitination, and ESCRT proteins. Utilizing Alphafold predictions, we modeled the eIF4F structure with and without eIF4E binding. For cap-dependent initiation, our modeling reveals extensive interactions between the N-terminal eIF4E-binding domain of eIF4G1 and eIF4E. Furthermore, the eIF4G1 HEAT-2 domain positions eIF4E near the eIF4A1 N-terminal domain (NTD), resulting in the collaborative enclosure of the RNA binding cavity within eIF4A1. In contrast, during cap-independent initiation, the HEAT-2 domain directly binds the eIF4A1-NTD, leading to a stronger interaction between eIF4G1 and eIF4A1, thus closing the mRNA binding cavity without the involvement of eIF4E.
Calibration of accelerometer and magnetometer sensors of MWD systems in directional drilling application
Authors: Malekizadeh A , Afarideh H , Mohamadian M , Esmaeili Sani V
Published: January 2024

Measurement while drilling (MWD) tools include accelerometers, magnetometers and temperature sensors. The accuracy of these sensors are highly important in measuring inclination and Azimuth angle parameters in a directional well. These factors can increase costs when drilling a directional well. During the past years, many efforts have been made to increase the accuracy of these tools. Accuracy of accelerometer and magnetometer sensors are influenced by scale, bias and non-orthogonal errors. Considering that MWD systems work in a wide range of temperatures (for example 0 °C–150 °C), the temperature parameter should also be added to the factors affecting the errors. Here, after making a sample of MWD tool, a method to calibrate the tool using mathematical model based on total field calibration algorithm, least square method and the transfer matrix is presented. Calibrated parameters at ambient temperature are calculated with acceptable speed. Then, a method for calculating temperature coefficients in the desired range is provided. Compared to the case where temperature coefficients are not considered, the obtained results show a significantly increased accuracy of Inclination and Azimuth parameters through the use of these coefficients.
Numerical study on the electromagnetic characteristics of multi-layer CORC cables
Authors: Li Chao , Yang Wenchao , Li Bin , Xin Ying , Yang Jiabin
Published: January 2024

Due to the high isotropy and low AC losses, the multi-layer conductor on round core (CORC) cable is a good candidate for high field magnets, such as central solenoid magnets in fusion. Considering the difficulty in experimental measurement, numerical model is an effective way to illustrate the electromagnetic characteristics of the multi-layer CORC cable and provide further insights into its working performance. In this work, a 3D finite element model based on
H
formulation is proposed to simulate a CORC cable with as many as 18 layers considering electromagnetic coupling. The validity of the model has been verified by experimental results. Based on the proposed model, the DC transport current distribution characteristics and charge-discharge loss characteristics of multi-layer CORC cables wound in the same and opposite winding directions are investigated respectively. This work can provide an important reference for the design of multi-layer CORC cables for high-current or high-field application.
Hg0 chemisorption of magnetic manganese cobalt nano ferrite from simulated flue gas
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Lv Zhixiang , Zhang Shaoshuai , Su Guodong , Jin Xin , Liu Ruijiang
Published: January 2024

Mercury (Hg) emissions from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants constituted the primary source of atmospheric mercury pollution, manifesting in three distinct forms: granular mercury, oxidized mercury, and elemental mercury. This pollution posed significant threats to the ecological environment. There was an urgent demand for a more effective and economically viable mercury removal technology. The magnetic Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared via a rapid combustion process. Their capacities for mercury adsorption and regeneration were scrutinized through a fixed-bed experimental system. The outcomes revealed that Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, prepared at a calcination temperature of 400 °C with 20 ml of anhydrous ethanol, exhibited the most proficient adsorption of Hg°. Under these specific conditions, the average particle size of the Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was approximately 26.8 nm. These nanoparticles demonstrated a superior adsorption capacity of 9.48 μg·g−1 for Hg° at an adsorption temperature of 30 °C under a space velocity of 2.4 × 104 h−1. Elevating the permeation temperature to 70 °C resulted in an impressive adsorption capacity for Hg°, reaching 560.59 μg·g−1. The Hg-TPD (Hg-Temperature Programmed Desorption) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses revealed the involvement of chemisorbed oxygen (Oads), Mn3+, and Fe3+ in the adsorbent, facilitating the oxidation of Hg° and generating HgO on the adsorbent surface. Following six cycles of adsorption and desorption, the adsorption capacity of Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles for Hg° retained 71% of the first adsorption capacity, which indicated that magnetic Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles held great promise as an adsorbent for mercury removal.
Black strings in asymptotically safe gravity
Authors: Nilton M , Alencar G , Costa Filho R N
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study black strings in asymptotic safety gravity (ASG) scenario. The ASG approach is introduced by implementing gravitational and cosmological running coupling constants directly in the black string metric. We calculate the Hawking temperature, entropy, and heat capacity of the improved black string metric in two cases: considering the cosmological constant fixed in some fixed point and the general case where both Newton’s constant and cosmological constant are improved. For the identification of the scale moment we used an general inverse law setting k(r) ∼ 1/r

n
. We show that improving only the Newton’s constant the problem of singularity is solved for the identifications with n > 1. However, if the cosmological constant is also running the singularity persists in the solution. Also, we show that the ASG effects predicts the presence of a remnant mass in the final evaporation process. Besides that, a logarithmic correction is observed in the entropy. However, a running cosmological constant introduces new correction terms to the entropy beyond that. We show that the improved black string solution remains stable, as in the usual case. Phase transitions are not observed in both cases studied here.
Application of feature fusion strategy for monitoring the condition of nitrogen filled tires using tree family of classifiers
Authors: Parihar Hrithik , Naveen Venkatesh S , Anoop P S , Sugumaran V
Published: January 2024

The tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) are dedicated vehicle systems that calculate the tire pressure under various conditions. Proper maintenance of tire pressure can have a significant impact on enhancing vehicle handling, vehicle performance, occupant safety, comfort and fuel efficiency. Recent years have seen a shift in the preference for nitrogen-filled tires over air filled due to the superior thermal stability and uniform pressure management characteristics displayed by nitrogen-filled tires. The present article details the application of machine learning in TPMS to provide more insights into the tire behaviour for four different tire conditions (puncture, idle, high and normal). This paper specifically focuses on the collaborative approach that combines various features extracted with tree-based classifiers. Vertical wheel hub vibrations were captured using an accelerometer from which distinct features like autoregressive moving average (ARMA), statistical and histogram were extracted. With the application of J48, the most significant and contributing features were identified for every feature set extracted that was fed into tree-based classifiers. The best-performing classifier for every feature set was determined to be 95.83% (statistical–random forest), 93.75% (histogram-optimized forest) and 93.75% (ARMA–random forest). Furthermore, an extensive analysis was carried out to determine the impact of the feature fusion approach on feature combinations like statistical-histogram, histogram-ARMA, statistical-ARMA and statistical-histogram-ARMA. The experimental results indicate a commendable classification accuracy of 97.92% for a feature fusion of statistical-histogram-ARMA features with a forest penalizing attributes algorithm.