bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis on heat transfer and flow resistance performances of a heat exchanger with novel perforated wavy fins
Authors: Wang Xuexi , Lin Feng
Published: September 2021

The experimental and numerical studies of thermo-hydraulic characteristics of perforated wavy fin heat exchanger and unperforated wavy fin heat exchanger were conducted. Firstly, the two kinds of fins were studied under different air in?let velocity and constant inlet temperature. The results show that Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number and friction factor decreases with Reynolds number. Then, the performance of the two kinds of fins is numerically analyzed, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. On this basis, the influence of different perforated fin parameters (fin height, H, fin pitch, s, wave amplitude, wa, perforation number, n, perforation diameter, d) on the thermal performance of wavy fin heat exchanger is discussed. It is indicated that friction factor and Nusselt number increase with increasing aperture, wave amplitude, fin pitch and perforation number or decreasing fin height under constant Reynolds number condition. Finally, the performance evaluation of heat exchangers with different parameters is carried out to obtain the best performance heat exchanger parameters, which can provide a reference for the design of the new wavy fin heat exchanger.
Thermal analysis on natural-convection coupled with radiative heat transfer in a saturated porous cavity
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Yiwei , Xu Xuecheng
Published: September 2021

Porous foam is an ideal material for enhancing radiative heat transfer in numerous thermal equipment. The solid skeletons of porous foams can absorb/release radiative energy and transfer convective energy with the surrounding fluid in the pores. In this paper, the conduction-convection-radiation coupling heat transfer in a porous cavity is investigated. A local thermal non-equilibrium model is used to represent the energy transport during the solid and fluid phases. The heat flux caused by thermal radiation is obtained by solving the radiation transfer equation. The thermal and fluid fields are studied to discern various parameters, including the Planck numbers, the modified Rayleigh numbers, and the interphase heat transfer coefficients, H. Our study indicates the following: the effect of radiation can be neglected when Pl > 20, the modified Rayleigh numbers have little influence on the solid temperature when the radiative heat transfer is dominant and the convective heat transfer between the two-phases is weak, and the local thermal-equilibrium can be formed when H exhibits high values.
Investigation on engine performance test on compression ignition engine with hybrid metal matrix composite piston
Authors: Saminathan Selvarasu , Lakshmipathy Jayakumar
Published: September 2021

The increase in demand and introduction of stringent emission regulations resulted in the need to develop and implement innovative technologies towards improving the emission and performance characteristics of compression ignition engines. A hybrid metal matrix composite piston (HMMC) of Al7075 reinforced with 6% of 100 ?m silicon carbide (SiC) and 4% of 100 ?m Al2O3 was fabricated. The HMMC piston was mounted on a compression ignition four stroke single-cylinder constant speed engine and the test was carried out with eddy current dynamometer attached with computerized data acquisition system. This paper is focused on the study of performance of Al7075-SiC-Alumina composite piston for compression ignition engine application. Experimental investigations were performed at injection pressure of 200 and 220 bar on both standard piston and HMMC piston and analysed the performance, combustion and emission behaviour of compression ignition engine. From the results it was found that the HMMC piston exhibits an improved efficiency and thereby improving the lifetime of the engine. Though a little compromise in performance and emissions has been accepted, the implementation of HMMC pistons will reduce the carbon foot print of running an internal combustion engine.
Can FinTech Competition Improve Sell-Side Research Quality?
Authors: Jame Russell , Markov Stanimir , Wolfe Michael C.
Published: September 2021

We examine how increased competition stemming from an innovation in financial technology influences sell-side analyst research quality. We find that firms added to Estimize, an open platform that crowdsources short-term earnings forecasts, experience a pervasive and substantial reduction in consensus bias and a limited increase in consensus accuracy relative to matched control firms. Long-term forecasts and investment recommendations remain similarly biased, alleviating the concern that the documented reduction in bias is a response to broad economic forces. At the individual analyst level, we find that bias reduction is more pronounced among close-to-management analysts, and that more biased analysts respond by reducing their coverage of Estimize firms. The collective evidence suggests that competition from Estimize improves sell-side research quality by discouraging strategic bias.
Observations from a Professor Serving as Dean
Authors: Shackelford Douglas A.
Published: September 2021

This paper draws from my experiences as an accounting professor who has served as the dean of a business school for over seven years. It is based on my Presidential Scholar Lecture to the virtual 2020 American Accounting Association Annual Meeting. The challenges and opportunities that scholars face in their research and teaching differ substantially from those that deans face in leading and managing schools. Nonetheless, I have found many similarities between the behaviors of the best scholars and the most successful deans. Because the dean has a major impact on the success of a school, the academy should identify professors who have an interest in and skill for managing and leading early in their career and encourage, mentor, and develop them. This is particularly true for accounting professors because their understanding of financial information provides them with a competitive advantage in administration.
Hepatocytic Activating Transcription Factor 3 Protects Against Steatohepatitis via Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α
Authors: Xu Yanyong , Hu Shuwei , Jadhav Kavita , Zhu Yingdong , Pan Xiaoli , Bawa Fathima Cassim , Yin Liya , Zhang Yanqiao
Published: September 2021

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been shown to play an important role in HDL metabolism; yet, the role of hepatocytic ATF3 in the development of steatohepatitis remains elusive. Here we show that adenoassociated virus-mediated overexpression of human ATF3 in hepatocytes prevents diet-induced steatohepatitis in C57BL/6 mice and reverses steatohepatitis in db/db mice. Conversely, global or hepatocyte-specific loss of ATF3 aggravates diet-induced steatohepatitis. Mechanistically, hepatocytic ATF3 induces hepatic lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation and inhibits inflammation and apoptosis. We further show that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is required for ATF3 to improve steatohepatitis. Thus, the current study indicates that ATF3 protects against steatohepatitis through, at least in part, hepatic HNF4α. Targeting hepatic ATF3 may be useful for treatment of steatohepatitis.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Predicts Episodic Memory Decline: A 10-Year Population-Based Follow-up Study
Authors: Toppala Sini , Ekblad Laura L. , Viitanen Matti , Rinne Juha O. , Jula Antti
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

To examine if the 2-h value of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can predict cognitive decline.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study is based on a subpopulation of the Finnish population-based Health 2000 Survey and its follow-up, the Health 2011 study. Altogether, 961 individuals aged 45–74 (mean 55.6 years; 55.8% women) underwent OGTT in 2001–2002. Categorical verbal fluency, word-list learning, and word-list delayed recall were tested at baseline and at follow-up in 2011. Statistical analyses were performed with multivariable linear models adjusted for previously reported risk factors for cognitive decline.

RESULTS

A higher 2-h glucose value in the OGTT at baseline predicted worse performance (slope: −0.08; P = 0.01) and greater decline (slope: −0.07; P = 0.007) in the word-list delayed recall test after 10 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that higher 2-h glucose values in the OGTT predict a decline in episodic memory after 10 years.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Comorbidities in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC)
Authors: Bacha Fida , Cheng Peiyao , Gal Robin L. , Beaulieu Lindsey C. , Kollman Craig , Adolph Anne , Shoemaker Ashley H. , Wolf Risa , Klingensmith Georgeanna J. , Tamborlane William V.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

Type 2 diabetes in the U.S. is more prevalent in youth of minority racial-ethnic background, but disparities in health outcomes have not been examined in this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined racial-ethnic differences in the initial presentation and subsequent comorbidities in 1,217 youth with type 2 diabetes (63% girls) enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) Registry from February 2012 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records and participant self-report.

RESULTS

Overall, the mean age at presentation was 13.4 ± 2.4 years, and BMI was 35.0 ± 9.4 kg/m2. HbA1c was higher and C-peptide was lower in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic (H) youth compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) youth. NHB were three times as likely to present in diabetic ketoacidosis (19%) versus NHW (6.3%) and H (7.5%), and NHB and H both had a worse HbA1c trajectory compared with NHW peers. Microalbuminuria was documented in 11%, hypertension in 34%, and dyslipidemia in 42% of Registry participants, with no significant difference among racial-ethnic groups. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was diagnosed in 9% and 11% of H and NHW, respectively, versus 2% in NHB.

CONCLUSIONS

NHB and H youth with type 2 diabetes presented with worse metabolic control and had persistently worse HbA1c trajectories compared with NHW. Comorbidities exist in a large percentage of these youth independent of race-ethnicity, except for NAFLD being less prevalent in NHB. Greater efforts are needed to mitigate racial-ethnic disparities at diagnosis and in the management of youth with type 2 diabetes.
Incidence of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Neovascular Sequelae at 5 Years Following Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gange William S. , Lopez Jennifer , Xu Benjamin Y. , Lung Khristina , Seabury Seth A. , Toy Brian C.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine the incidence and risk factors for developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), tractional retinal detachment (TRD), and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) at 5 years after the initial diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Insured patients aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 5 years of continuous enrollment were identified from a nationwide commercial claims database containing data from 2007 to 2015. The incidences of PDR, TRD, and NVG were computed at 5 years following the index diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Associations between these outcomes and demographic, socioeconomic, and medical factors were tested with multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

At 5 years following the initial diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, 1.74% (1,249 of 71,817) of patients had developed PDR, 0.25% of patients had developed TRD, and 0.14% of patients had developed NVG. Insulin use (odds ratio [OR] 3.59, 95% CI 3.16–4.08), maximum HbA1c >9% or >75 mmol/mol (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.54–2.69), renal disease (OR 2.68, 95% CI 2.09–3.42), peripheral circulatory disorders (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.25–2.83), neurological disease (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.24–2.11), and older age (age 65–74 years) at diagnosis (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.28–2.03) were identified as risk factors for development of PDR at 5 years. Young age (age 18–23 years) at diagnosis (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.74), Medicare insurance (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.70–0.76), morbid obesity (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.87), and smoking (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–1.00) were identified as protective factors.

CONCLUSIONS

A subset of patients with type 2 diabetes develop PDR and other neovascular sequelae within the first 5 years following the diagnosis with type 2 diabetes. These patients may benefit from increased efforts for screening and early intervention.
Development of Academic Leadership Scale: A Study of Validity and Reliability
Authors: Karsantık İsmail , Çetin Münevver
Published: September 2021

Leadership is considered as an ancient and multidimensional concept. Due to its contribution to the development of academic staff, the creation of a common culture in line with the interests and needs of stakeholders and the vision of the institution, and the distribution of workload, performance evaluation and management of resource use, academic leadership is associated with the concepts of professional development, higher education culture, and higher education management. The 50-item draft scale prepared by reviewing the related literature was given to 57 faculty members in the piloting stage, 490 faculty members in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) stage, and 200 faculty members in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) stage. The sample of the study was chosen by using the maximum variation sampling method. The three sub-dimensions (professional development, higher education culture and higher education administration) obtained as a result of the EFA applied to reveal the construct validity of the scale were also confirmed by the CFA. The reliability of the scale was found by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and each of its three sub-dimensions was found to be highly reliable. The results show that the Academic Leadership Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to reveal the academic leadership perceptions of faculty members.
Particularities of High Oxygen Content Biofuels Pyrolysis Process
Authors: G. Lazaroiu  , L. Mihaescu  , E. Pop  , R.M. Grigoriu  , D.A. Ciupageanu  , I. Simion
Published: September 2021

Generating capacities supplied by solid biomass (renewable waste) gather at the moment less than 4.5% of the total renewable power installed worldwide. Given the two folded implications of such technology development and spreading (i.e. energy production and waste management), researches regarding efficient conversion processes and improved power facilities are of great interest currently. In this context, the paper addresses the particularities of high oxygen content biofuels pyrolysis, proposing innovative solutions to overcome the issues found in experimental investigations. Based on thorough experimental research conducted on agricultural wooden biomass and poultry manure, a number of problems arise. Among them, it is highlighted the heating in the absence of oxidants, an undesirable internal process caused by the high oxygen content, which contravenes the general principles regarding pyrolysis. Furthermore, the high oxygen content is associated with great moisture percentages. The present paper reveals the challenges determined by some negative aspects emerging during the pyrolysis of high oxygen content biofuels. Several solutions are proposed to improve the efficiency of the conversion process through adequate control. For instance, it is pointed out that the temperature level at which the pyrolysis process develops plays a crucial role in the general energy balance. On this matter, investigating poultry manure pyrolysis at low temperatures, a significant decrease of the final coke product is noticed. Poultry manure pyrolysis results as a suitable and simple solution to be employed for waste treatment purposes, as its combustible effects (combustible gases and semicoke / coke) are good candidates for energy production.
The Effects of High-Frequency Residual Currents on the Operation of Residual Current Devices
Authors: T. M. H. Slangen  , B. R. F. Lustenhouwer  , V. Ćuk  , J. F. G. Cobben
Published: September 2021

This research investigates the effects of high frequency currents between 50 Hz and 150 kHz on the operation of Residual Current Devices (RCDs). Nowadays, the increasing amount of large power-electronic switching devices can be a source of both harmonics (<2 kHz) and supraharmonics (2-150 kHz) currents injected to the grid. This can have several effects and possibly lead to unwanted tripping of RCDs, due to high earth-currents that can be emitted by the devices. The question is if supraharmonics can also lead to misoperation or fail-to-operate conditions for the RCDs, potentially leading to serious safety risks. A set-up is developed to introduce both 50 Hz and highfrequency leakage currents. First, the 50 Hz tripping-current of the RCDs is tested under nominal conditions. Secondly, the tripping current for non-nominal frequencies (between 50 Hz and 150 kHz) is determined to verify the possibility for false tripping. Lastly, the 50 Hz tripping current for the RCD is tested in the presence of a high-frequency current. The most important conclusion is that RCDs of type A and AC have an increased fundamental (50 Hz) tripping current when there are HFcomponents present. This potentially results in a safety risk.
Frequency Domain Stability Assessment of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems with Quasi-Z-Source Inverters
Authors: L. Sainz  , Ll. Monjo
Published: September 2021

Photovoltaic power generation systems are one of the main renewable power sources, and quasi-Z-source inverters are becoming powerful devices to integrate these systems in AC grids. However, stability issues due to the damping behaviour of converters must be considered. There are several studies in this direction but instability concerns are not completely solved yet. This paper contributes with a procedure for the stability assessment of photovoltaic power generation systems with quasi-Z-source inverters in the frequency domain. The study is based on the small-signal averaged model of the system expressed in the s-domain and the stability criterion derived from the frequency characteristics of the state-space matrix. The influence of the photovoltaic power generation system operating point on stability is studied by the proposed procedure. Eigenvalue analysis and PSCAD/EMTDC simulations are also performed to validate the obtained results.
Pelatihan Validasi Tes Kognitif Berbantuan Aplikasi SPSS 17.0 dan Aplikasi Anates Pada Guru SMAN 1 Singaraja
Authors: Dantes Nyoman , Handayani Ni Nyoman Lisna , Muliastrini Ni Ketut Erna
Published: September 2021

Program ini merupakan program yang bersifat terminal dalam rangka peningkatan wawasan dan keterampilan guru-guru SMAN 1 Singaraja dalam melakukan validasi tes kognitif berbantuan aplikasi SPSS 17.0 dan aplikasi Anates. Di dalam pelaksanaannya, program ini akan mengacu pada pola sinergis antara tenaga pakar dan praktisi dari Undiksha dengan kalangan birokrasi dan administrasi pemerintah Kabupaten Buleleng, khususnya Kasubdin Pendidikan Dasar Dinas Pendidikan Nasional Kabupaten setempat. Di sisi lain, program ini juga diarahkan pada terciptanya iklim kerjasama yag kolaboratif dan demokratis dalam dimensi mutualis antara dunia perguruan tinggi dengan masyarakat secara luas di bawah koordinasi pemerintah Kabupaten setempat, khususnya dalam rangka peningkatan kinerja dan profesionalisme guru-guru SMAN I Singaraja secara cepat namun berkualitas bagi kepentingan pembangunan pendidikan di Kabupaten Buleleng. Berdasarkan rasional tersebut, maka program ini merupakan sebuah langkah inovatif dalam kaitannya dengan dharma ketiga perguruan tinggi, yaitu pengabdian kepada masyarakat.
Pengabdian Masyarakat Pemberdayaan Kapabilitas Wirausaha Dan Penerapan Biosekuritas Pada Usaha Peternakan Ayam Pedaging Desa Pucangan Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Nugroho Arif Julianto Sri , Darmo M Pujo , Setiawati Endang Eko Djati , Darupratomo Darupratomo , Jati Agung Nugroho , Tasari Tasari , Haris Abdul
Published: September 2021

Berbagai virus patogen merupakan masalah utama bagi usaha peternakan ayam di Indonesia yang menyebabkan menurunnya profitabilitas. Wabah virus di kandang merupakan faktor utama kerugian usaha peternak ayam. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat program studi bagi dosen ini bertujuan meningkatkan kapabilitas wirausaha serta memperbaiki mutu pengelolaan kesehatan kandang melalui penerapan biosekuritas. Model kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi: 1) Pengembangan kapabilitas wirausaha melalui literasi pengetahuan peternak terhadap aspek aspek manajemen usaha dan 2) Transfer Literacy teknologi biosekuritas kandang. Dari kegiatan diperoleh hasil positif dimana peternak sebagai pembelajar antusias untuk mengikuti program pemberdayaan kapabilitas wirausaha. Peternak mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan manajemen usaha dan bermuara pada terbentuknya pengetahuan baru pengelolaan usaha serta perbaikan sistem biosekuritas kandang pelaku usaha ternak ayam di lingkungan di Desa Pucangan.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AFTER THE DEATH OF EMPEROR CONSTANTINE THE GREAT UNTIL THE TENTH CENTURY
Authors: DUȘE Călin Ioan
Published: September 2021

Constantine the Great considered himself the representative
of God on earth, but also the fact that through his mind is transmitted
“divine intelligence.” This conception about the emperor manifested itself
throughout the existence of the Byzantine Empire. The emperors who followed
Constantine the Great intervened in problems that arose within the
Church. Some of them supported it, and others who shared the heresies
that appeared during this period, persecuted the important representatives
of the Church who tried to defend the purity of Christianity.
Within the Byzantine Empire, numerous transformations will now take
place in all fields, and these transformations will lay the foundations on
which the Byzantine state developed.
DELI TTI CON TRO LA SAN TITÀ DELL ’EU CARIS TIA E LA SIMULAZIONE DELL ’AZIONE LI TUR GICA (CANN . 1367; 1378 §2, 1°; 1379)
Authors: BAKÓ László
Published: September 2021

The present article addresses two groups of delicts from the sixth book of the current Code of Canon Law (Sanctions in the Church), i.e. Delicts against the sanctity of the Eucharist and the simulation of the liturgical action. The content of this book is debated among theologians and canonists, raising a variety of questions: Does the Church have the right to coerce the faithful with penal sanctions? Should penal law exist in the Church, or do certain organizing measures suffice? Based on the first canon of the sixth book (can. 1311), this article shows that using sanctions is a native right of the Church. Since sacraments, in particular the Eucharist, belong to the essence of the Church, the delicts against the sanctity of the Most Holy Sacrament and the simulation of the Sacraments have a great impact on the life of the Church. Therefore, although there are many open questions and several ambiguities around this issue, the present article argues that the Church needs an adequate legal order in the case of sacraments.
Relatos de espacio. Miradas sobre un barrio y una escuela media
Authors: Flous Clarisa
Published: September 2021

El artículo aborda uno de los ejes del estudio sobre una experiencia en educación media en Montevideo ubicada en un contexto de desigualdad. En esta instancia el objetivo es presentar aspectos vinculados al barrio donde dicha propuesta se encuentra y articular algunas referencias conceptuales que nos permitan problematizar la relación del espacio barrial y el espacio educativo. Particularmente revisamos aquellas perspectivas que ubican la temática del espacio urbano como objeto desde las ciencias sociales (Segura, 2006, 2015, Massey, 2004, De Certeau, 2000), para problematizar algunos sentidos desde las representaciones de los interlocutores entrevistados. La estrategia metodológica es de carácter exploratorio y cualitativo, en la línea del enfoque etnográfico (Rockwell, 2009), centrado en el registro y observación de la experiencia y entrevistas.
HTPCS: revelando los obstáculos de la función del coordinador pedagógico durante el proceso de formación continua del profesorado
Authors: Lino José Pedro
Published: September 2021

Este artículo expone algunos resultados de la investigación de máster que tuvo como objetivo analizar las limitaciones, oportunidades y desafíos relacionados con el desempeño del coordinador pedagógico como agente articulador en la formación continua de los maestros de escuelas primarias. El artículo, además de proporcionar definiciones de la función del coordinador pedagógico, analiza cómo este profesional actúa en la implementación de procesos de formación desarrollados en las Horas de Trabajo Pedagógico Colectivo (HTPCs). En este contexto, se hace énfasis en que la trayectoria de la actuación del coordinador pedagógico está llena de obstáculos y que el sistema educativo tiene defectos que aún impactan en el trabajo pedagógico de este profesional. El camino de la investigación metodológica implicó estudios descriptivos y exploratorios, con el fin de comprender la realidad de la actuación de la Coordinación Pedagógica en las escuelas establecidas para la investigación de campo, con respecto a su regimiento y papel práctico-teórico. En base a los datos analizados en el estudio anterior, en este artículo se observó, a través de cuestionarios a sesenta y seis coordinadores que operan en las escuelas públicas de doce municipios paulistas, perteneciente a la mesorregión de Ribeirao Preto-SP, la necesidad de replantear la acción de coordinador pedagógico y el proceso de formación continua en servicio, las HTPCs.
Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Different Needle Tip Shapes During Puncture of Carbon Fiber Fabric
Authors: Yang Jingzhao , Dong Jiuzhi , Chen Yunjun , Jiang Xiuming
Published: September 2021

In the present study, the fiber-bending around the needle during the piercing process of the carbon fabric is investigated. In this regard, a mathematical model is established to investigate the bending elongation of the carbon fiber around the needle and the interaction between the carbon fiber and the needle tip. Then the mechanical behavior of the carbon fabric when moving down the tip of the steel needle is analyzed. Based on the performed analysis, a shape curve equation that satisfies the puncture needle tip is established. Furthermore, the influence of different needle tip shapes on the mechanical behavior of the carbon fiber is analyzed. The performance of the needle tip is subjected to different loads, including the puncture template, horizontal tension of the fiber to the needle tip, frictional resistance between the fiber and the needle tip, sliding force, and the bending moment. The performed analysis shows that when the shape of the needle tip assumes the form of curve 10, the downward force, horizontal tension, friction resistance, sliding force, and bending moment are minimized. Accordingly, curve 10 is proposed as the optimal shape for the needle tip. The present study is expected to provide theoretical guidance for selecting overall puncture process parameters.
Between incrementalism and punctuated equilibrium: the case of budget in Poland, 1995–2018
Authors: Wordliczek Lukasz
Published: September 2021

Incrementalism and punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) have secured their standing in public policy research when studying change in budgetary data. On the other hand, however, new empirical evidence is constantly developed to confront it with theoretical assumptions. In line with the above, the aim of the paper is threefold. First, it is examined if budgetary outlays in Poland follow either incrementalism or PET's core premises. Second, the paper aims at facilitating discussion on identifying punctuations. It is claimed that any cut-off point should be data-driven, category-responsive, and generalizable across different types of outliers. And third, it is investigated which of the budget categories have the most punctuations. Methodologically, the study is based on descriptive and distributional statistics provided to tackle the above two issues comprehensively. Consequently, the paper aims at filling the gap in theory-driven literature on Polish budget shifts and their empirical rigorous explanations. Thus, it is claimed that the Polish case study contributes to the debate on the verification of empirical research on public policy agendas and public policy change.
Investigation of stem anatomy in relation to hydraulic conductance, vegetative growth and yielding potential of ‘Summit’ cherry trees grafted on different rootstock candidates
Authors: Narandžić Tijana , Ljubojević Mirjana , Ostojić Jovana , Barać Goran , Ognjanov Vladislav
Published: September 2021

Severe climate alterations that seriously challenge fruit production, combined with the demand for healthy, pesticide-free fruits, continuously direct rootstock/cultivar selection towards high adaptable varieties breeding. This study aimed to investigate the rootstocks’ influence on the performance of grafted ‘Summit’ cherry trees, including potentially dwarfing Prunus cerasus, Prunus fruticosa and Prunus mahaleb rootstock candidates. Anatomical properties of rootstock and scion stems were investigated to determine variation among different rootstocks and scion-rootstock combinations and to establish the link between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential. Cross-section anatomical characteristics varied significantly both in rootstock and scion stems, indicating a clear influence of rootstock genotype on grafted sweet cherry trees. It was observed that all investigated cherry rootstock candidates belong to the low-vigorous rootstocks, based on the estimated effective crown volume of grafted trees compared to ‘Gisela 5’, with values ranging from 0.86 to 2.97 m3 in the fifth year after planting. Results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential, with correlation coefficients up to 0.96. Significantly higher effective crown volume and trunk hydraulic conductance of trees grafted on P. cerasus compared to the trees on control, as well as highest yielding potential, showed better adaptation of these rootstock candidates in the trial without irrigation implemented. It was found that PC_05_04 rootstock candidate could be considered as the most appropriate choice when raising the high-density sweet cherry plantations, due to assessed parameters of vegetative and generative growth.
First record of the rare crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) in the North Sea
Authors: Faasse Marco , Gheerardyn Hendrik , Witbaard Rob , Cuperus Joël
Published: September 2021

Several species new to the area were collected while monitoring Dutch marine waters using a dredge. The varunid crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 was recorded for the first time in the North Sea. Until 2008, this relatively rare crab was known from the west coast of Africa and the western Mediterranean to northern Brittany in the north. In recent years, its distribution range has expanded, as indicated by records from the Bay of the Seine and the area around Dieppe-Le Tréport. Our finding from Brown Bank (southern North Sea) indicates a further, northward expansion of its distribution range. We list the hosts with which the crab is associated. Earlier arguments for climate change as an explanation for the northward range expansion are supported.
Factors of Influence on Evacuation Behaviour: Survey Results from the Riverine Floodplain Communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Md Sanaul Haque
Published: September 2021

River floods are distinct because not all of them are destructive and typically affect the people who are living in riverine areas. Therefore, people often refuse to evacuate even when they face imminent danger. River floods are a recurrent phenomenon in Bangladesh. This research aims to analyse the flood evacuation behaviour of riverine people in Bangladesh. A total of 377 households were selected for the questionnaire survey and were interviewed from April 2019 to May 2019. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were employed to analyse riverine people's evacuation behaviour based on their socio-demographic and economic characteristics. This study found that although 82% of the households had received flood warning messages, only 40% had evacuated. Results from multivariate analysis suggested that the age of household heads, their education, whether they are disabled/chronically ill members, their income, the height of floodwater inside the house, and the type of warning messages they receive appear to be key determinants that influenced their decisions regarding evacuation. Elderly household heads had a lower likelihood to evacuate. The results showed a negative association between early warning messages and evacuation. Household with disabled/chronically ill member(s) was associated with a higher likelihood of evacuation. Similarly, higher water depth in the home was associated with evacuation. These findings will be helpful for policymakers to enhance awareness of riverine households.
Online computer science workshops for educators in higher education during Covid-19: challenges and opportunities of a forced distance learning
Authors: Pacetti Elena , Soriani Alessandro
Published: September 2021

This study focuses on a course belonging to the University of Bologna’s bachelor’s degrees ‘Expert in Social and Cultural Education’ and ‘Educator in Childhood Social Services’ called ‘Computer Science Lab–based course’, which aims to develop digital competences necessary for the educational profession. Before COVID-19, this face-to-face compulsory workshop-based course consisted of nine parallel teachings with different programmes and teachers. Due to the impossibility of providing regular lessons, teachers have been forced to revise their working methods by using different distance learning strategies. This paper aims to offer an understanding of the situation by analysing teachers’ and students’ perceptions collected through questionnaires in relation to the following aspects: most used and effective teaching strategies; technical, communicative and relational difficulties encountered by teachers and students; aspects related to distance learning methods and perception of the usefulness of the course for the educational profession.
Topical formulations, design and drug delivery: "A dive into water"
Authors:   , Ali Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Water is a vital component regulating the properties of topical formulations and their interaction with biological barriers, such as skin and mucosa. Changing the watercontent within the frame of the pharmaceutical triangle will have a huge impact on which type of formulation, such as a cream, ointment, gel, or lotion, is formed, as well as the physical properties of the formulation. The composition of a formulation, and the subsequent reformulation after application, will govern the features of the residual film. This will in turn affect the barrier properties of the underlying tissue and consequently the penetration of various substances across skin or mucosa.The primary aim of this thesis has been to provide further understanding on differences between traditional surfactant-based formulations and particle-stabilized, Pickering, formulations and how specific excipients, like alcohols, emollients, and thickeners can affect their physical and/or sensorial properties. The secondary aim has been to gain more knowledge on the role of water in topical formulations and how it affects the properties of the underlaying tissue on application. By combining a portfolio of physicochemical techniques combined with sensory science, we have been able to identify differences between Pickering and surfactantstabilized formulations. Starch-based Pickering emulsions were perceived as less greasy and sticky than traditional creams, even at high oil content. Moreover, we were able develop a novel type of alcohol-based Pickering emulsion with combined moisturizing and antiseptic properties. We have also been able to link sensory attributes, evaluated by human volunteers, with physicochemical characterizations. Furthermore, the in vitro ForceBoard™ method was developed further and we evaluated its potential to be used as an ex vivo method using excised skin. In addition, we have shown that that the water gradient over a biological barrier has a general relevance with respect to drug absorption and should be considered not only in dermaldrug delivery but also for buccal and nasal drug delivery.
Digitalization as a new way to transform conventional production methods in the natural resources sector
Authors: ZAERNYUK Viktor M. , CHANG Chi
Published: September 2021

Subject. This article deals with the issues of implementation of digital transformation of enterprises in order to improve their core competitiveness and achieve high rates of development.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze and assess the baseline conditions and opportunities for the digital transformation of natural resources sector enterprises.
Methods. For the study, we used analytical, quantitative, and expert assessment methods and techniques, and the systems approach.
Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the digital infrastructures of Russian natural resources sector enterprises and Chinese industrial sector enterprises, the article reveals a significant lag between Russian and Chinese enterprises in terms of IT-technology, -network, and special software supplying and upgrading. The article emphasizes the importance of training highly qualified natural resources management experts and specialists that have new information and network skills and competencies.
Conclusions. The next-generation model of industrial development based on the comprehensive application of next-generation digital technologies, contributes to the creation of a digital world that is changing conventional management and business models. The necessary business management software should primarily be based on home-grown products to manage production in the natural resources sector, rather than on the software used in other economies.
Analyzing the potential of entrepreneurial activity in the recreational sphere of Greater Yalta
Authors: BUKREEV Igor' A.
Published: September 2021

Subject. The article investigates the potential of recreational business activity, which is understood as all financial, production, and entrepreneurial capabilities of enterprises in this area.
Objectives. The purpose is to assess the recreational opportunities and provide recommendations, using the Greater Yalta case.
Methods. The study employs methods of correlation and regression analysis, being the main tools for analyzing the activities of enterprises in the context of seasonality.
Results. The paper shows that the reasons for the current state of recreational enterprises are the problem of seasonality. It establishes that these enterprises have a high level of capacity underutilization – about half of their production (54%), financial (53%), and more than a half of their entrepreneurial capacity (66%). To predict changes in the profits of enterprises, the paper identifies a number of measures for resource optimization.
Conclusions. To improve the efficiency of recreational enterprises, it is necessary to find ways to optimize resources, in accordance with their business activity, or to increase the volume of activities during the off-season period. The obtained seasonality coefficients can be used in calculating the need for personnel, training, and determining the required minimum, which will be an object of investment in human capital (20%), as well as the minimum amount of all working capital.
The national budget as the financial basis for the environmental policy in the EU countries
Authors: KOROLEVA Lyudmila P. , BELOVA Kseniya A. , FROLOVA Mariya K.
Published: September 2021

Subject. The article discusses the role of the budgetary system in the EU countries in financing the environmental policy of States. We analyze the volume and structure of environmental taxes and national budgetary spending on environmental protection, and their equilibrium. Objectives. We trace modern trends in the environmental portion of the EU countries’ budgets and substantiate thresholds of budgetary revenue and expenditures with respect to the environment in the Russian Federation. Methods. The study is based on general, economic-statistical methods and methods of economic analysis of trend series. Results. Having analyzed ecotaxes and budgetary spending on environmental protection in 2010–2019, we traced the stabilizing tendency of the budgetary contribution to finance of the environmental policy in 27 EU countries in terms of income and expenditures for environmental protection, the differentiation of the above indicators across the EU countries. In the EU countries, local authorities are obviously in charge of financing environmental protection costs, maintaining the surplus of the environmental portion of national budgets. We measured the mean value of environmental taxes and national budget spending in environmental protection in 27 EU countries. Conclusions and Relevance. As the EU actively promotes sustainable development values, respective budgetary systems continue to make more or less the same contribution throughout 2010–2019, according to aggregate data of 27 EU countries. However, the contribution significantly differs as per data of certain EU countries. Assessing the adequacy and balance of the environmental portion of the Russian consolidated budget, mean values of the EU data can be used to substantiate thresholds of the indicators.
The problem of measuring the quantity of output in the input–output model by W. Leontief in modeling the trends in economic reproduction of nations and regions
Authors: KURYSHEV Nikolai I.
Published: September 2021

Subject. This article deals with the problem of constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix.
Objectives. The article aims to determine the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix on the basis of data on production time and quantity of product output.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical and mathematical analyses.
Results. The article formulates the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix, taking into account differences in the time of production, quantity of output, as well as the conditions for the reproduction of the resources expended. It summarizes these rules for the J. von Neumann model.
Conclusions. The proposed approach to the analysis of the material mechanism of economic reproduction defines the relationship between the quantitative and cost characteristics of the production and consumption of products and resources. This relationship opens up new opportunities for the application of input–output models to create simple and accurate algorithms for identifying and predicting the macroeconomic trends.
Practical dimensions of youth policy implementation in Poland on the example of Europe4Youth Association
Authors: Moś Barbara
Published: September 2021

This article aims to present the role and importance of youth policy and how youth organisations can practically implement it on a local and regional level, on the example of Association Europe4Youth (Kraków, Poland). Since youth work is not recognised formally as a profession, nor a function in Poland, those are non-governmental organisations that have enough space and freedom to explore various practices of youth work and advocate for youth policies, while collaborating with local, regional and national authorities.
Pandemia jako zagrożenie dla mobilności akademickiej czy szansa na nowe spojrzenie i przedefiniowanie działań
Authors: Povstyn Oksana
Published: September 2021

W artykule podjęto próbę zbadania wpływu ograniczeń związanych z pandemią COVID-19 na szkolnictwo wyższe, przede wszystkim na jego umiędzynarodowienie, mobilność studentów oraz nauczycieli akademickich. Omówiona została istota i rodzaje zjawiska "mobilności akademickiej", w oparciu o analizę wyników badań ukraińskich i zagranicznych naukowców, a także przepisy regulujące ten obszar działalności publicznej. Dokonano krótkiego przeglądu projektów naukowych z zakresu mobilności akademickiej, zainicjowanych przez polskie instytucje państwowe i organizacje zajmujące się działalnością edukacyjną. Dokonano przeglądu danych statystycznych przedstawionych w badaniach nad wpływem pandemii COVID 19 na szkolnictwo wyższe w krajach europejskich i na świecie. Główne problemy, z jakimi stykają się studenci i naukowcy przy realizacji projektów mobilności akademickiej, zostały zidentyfikowane i uporządkowane. Przeanalizowano wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród polskich szkół wyższych na temat napotykanych przez nie problemów, sposobów ich rozwiązywania oraz dalszych działań na rzecz umiędzynarodowienia edukacji w społeczeństwie. Ustalono, że środowisko akademickie odkryło możliwości, jakie oferują nowoczesne technologie i w przyszłości będą one wykorzystywane, ale nie jako jedyne, dominującą formułą współpracy będzie wariant mieszany.
Ścieżki bezdomności
Authors: Gajda Karolina
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie nowych kierunków badań nad przyczynami bezdomności, zwłaszcza ludzi młodych. Szczególnie ważne jest pytanie, czy wiedzę o przyczynach tego zjawiska wystarczy reprodukować czy trzeba rozwijać oraz  rozważania jaka jest rola edukacji, globalizacji, historii i kultury oraz istniejących systemów (pomocy społecznej, karnego) w ścieżkach bezdomności. Rozwój wiedzy na temat przyczyn bezdomności nastąpił w Polsce w latach 90tych ubiegłego wieku i zaraz po roku 2000. Współczesne badania bazują na zgromadzonej wówczas wiedzy, dotyczą głównie osób w zaawansowanym wieku lub dzieci ulicy. W artykule analizie poddano przyczyny bezdomności deklarowane przez bezdomnych w zaawansowanym wieku i fazie bezdomności oraz osób do 37 roku życia, z którymi przeprowadzono wywiady. Dane jakościowe uzyskane w ten sposób oraz odniesienie do historii i kultury pozwoliły na wykrycie zmian w przyczynach zjawiska.
Pedagogia do acolhimento: Reflexões sobre a poética do espaço em Bachelard
Authors: Machado William Gustavo , Rocha Gabriel Kafure da
Published: September 2021

A filosofia bachelardiana nos conduz através de uma radical (e ao mesmo tempo sutil) dualidade: há um mundo diurno e há um mundo noturno. Pode-se agrupar sob essas duas imagens os conceitos da psicologia analítica do psiquiatra e psicoterapeuta Carl Gustav Jung: os arquétipos animus e ânima. No primeiro, estão as imagens do masculino, as atividades a que Bachelard irá nos conduzir como obras do “espírito”: a virilidade, a potência, o trabalho, a realidade, as coisas do mundo, a ciência. Já no segundo estão as imagens do feminino, da “alma”: o repouso, a aceitação, o acolhimento, os sonhos, a poesia. Segundo Bachelard, esses dois polos operam de modos distintos. O animus, o polo mais “racional”, da ciência, opera a partir de uma recusa às primeiras imagens, a partir de um “não”. Enquanto que para a anima tudo é “sim”, tudo é acolhimento, tudo tem lugar no mundo. E, como bem se sabe, o ser nasce do feminino, da mulher. É justamente a partir desse ponto que a reflexão proposta do resumo se constrói: como estão as imagens de anima na educação (formal e informal)? Há “espaço” suficiente de reflexão para uma pedagogia da acolhida? Iremos desvelar essas perguntas a partir das aproximações com as interpretações principalmente de Durand e Duborgel e das implicações possíveis do pensamento bachelardiano com uma filosofia da educação, com o intuito de fornecer evidências de que há um pensamento pedagógico em A poética do espaço.