bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The degradability of straw from single‐ and double‐crop rice varieties
Authors: Vadiveloo J
Published: March 2006

The degradation of two single‐crop and six double‐crop rice straw varieties was compared before and after urea treatment. The single‐crop varieties were taller, later maturing, lower in grain yield, contained more stem and were lower in the degradability of their straw than the double‐crop varieties before urea treatment. This suggests that breeding for improved agronomy could also improve the straw. Single‐crop varieties responded better to urea than the double. Principal component and cluster analyses showed that the distinction between single‐ and double‐crop varieties before urea treatment were not evident after it. The leaf fraction of all straw varieties responded better than the stem to urea. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Yield of rainfed lowland rice with medium water depth under anaerobic direct seeding and transplanting
Authors: Sarkar RK , Das Sanjukta
Published: March 2006

Seeds of six rice cultivars sown in moistened soil and maintained after five days under 20±5 cm of water were compared with 30‐day‐old seedlings transplanted in the normal way. Compared with transplanting, the crops from anaerobic direct seeding had more plant height and above‐ground dry matter, less chlorophyll and specific leaf weight, and more panicles per unit area and sterile spikelets. Panicle weight and harvest index showed highly significant positive associations with grain yield. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Aflatoxin contamination of dried yam chips marketed in Nigeria
Authors: Bankole SA , Adebanjo A
Published: March 2006

Dried yam chips from different markets in western Nigeria had pH 5.7–6.1 and moisture contents of 7.5–14.3%. Aspergillus was the predominant mould followed by Penicillium. From thin layer chromatography analysis, 54% of the chips were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 up to 186 (g/kg, 32% with aflatoxin B2 up to 55 (g/kg. Of the samples, 51% contained aflatoxin above the 20 ppb internationally accepted residue limit. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The properties of starches from some Ivory Coast wild yam (Dioscorea) species
Authors: Sahoré DA , Amani NG , Nemlin GJ
Published: March 2006

Starch was extracted from tubers of the wild yam species Dioscorea praehensilis, hirtiflora, burkilliana, bulbifera, minutiflora and dumetorum. The physicochemical and gelatinization properties are reported. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of defoliation and intercropping with forage legumes on maize yield and forage production
Authors: Zewdu Tessema
Published: March 2006

Leaf defoliation of maize at various growth stages significantly affected the yield of grain, stem, cob and defoliated leaf. Forage legumes could be established under maize without reducing the grain or stover yield. Leaf defoliation up to 50% did not affect the grain and stover yield components or the yield of undersown Vicia villosa. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Role of soil amendment and repeated cropping in the management of pea root rot
Authors: Sagar Vinay , Sugha SK
Published: March 2006

Soil amendment and repeated cropping with different non‐host crops such as wheat, oats, maize and sorghum reduced the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi and F. solani f. sp. pisi in the soil and the severity of pea root rot due to these pathogens. F. solani f. sp. pisi was more sensitive to soil amendment, and wheat and especially maize were more effective than the other two non‐host crops. Repeated cropping of non‐host species was more effective than a single crop. No relation was established between the population of the Fusaria and severity of pea root rot. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Rumen dry matter degradation of tree species by West African dwarf goats
Authors: Ubani ON , Tewe OO , Smith J
Published: March 2006

Rumen degradation of browse tree/shrubs was determined in West African dwarf goats. Gliricidia sepium, Baphia nitida and Afzelia bella were ranked as high; Newbouldia laevis and Alchornea cordifolia as medium; and Albizia zygia and Dialum guineense as low in forage quality. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of earthworms on incorporated tree litter and the available soil nitrogen and maize yield
Authors: Paul D , Vanlalchhuanga R
Published: March 2006

Adding earthworms to incorporated leaf litter of two tree species significantly increased the available nitrogen release and yield of maize. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The life cycle of the cocoa stem borer Eulophonotus myrmeleon in Ghana
Authors: Adu‐Acheampong R , Padi B , Sarfo JE
Published: March 2006

A female Eulophonotus myrmeleon at emergence contains fully developed eggs and may lay whether mated or not. There is no preferred oviposition site and eggs are deposited randomly on the tree or on plant debris. The larva tunnels into a stem, enlarging the gallery as it grows, and spends its entire immature life inside the stem. Survival to adulthood was 2–3%. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Damage by the fruit borer Nephopterix sp. and other factors in sheanut tree, and their distribution in northern Ghana
Authors: Dwomoh Emmanuel Agyemang
Published: March 2006

Studies in seven districts of northern Ghana showed that Nephopterix sp., physiological disorders and an unidentified borer caused 16%, 2.6% and 0.8% of fruit losses, respectively. Infestation by borers occurred mainly in April to June, while losses due to physiological disorders were highest in March. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of nitrogen and farmyard manure on insect pests of pearl millet in northern Ghana
Authors: Tanzubil Paul B , Zakariah M , Alem A
Published: March 2006

Increasing the rate of N applied to millet increased the incidence of stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis, and cotton stainers, Dysdercus volkeri. Controlled studies confirmed that when C.ignefusalis larvae were reared on millet grown on high doses of N, their survival and subsequent crop damage increased. However, nitrogen applications reduced the incidence of the head miner, Heliocheillus albipunctella. Farmyard manure, even at 10 kg/ha, had no significant effect on pest incidence. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Breaking of seed coat dormancy in guava
Authors: Essien EP
Published: March 2006

Scarification of seeds with concentrated acids greatly increased germination, especially sulphuric acid, which showed 98% germination. The control seeds soaked in cold water gave 20%, while pre‐treatment with gibberellic acid gave 65%. Seeds soaked in hot water did not germinate. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Economic analysis of mango multistrata intercropping
Authors: Awasthi OP , Saroj PL
Published: March 2006

Multistorey cropping of mango with bay, black pepper, pineapple and ginger did not affect the yield of mango. Four combinations of these intercrops gave net returns of 91–143% over the monocrop. Ginger, bay leaf and pepper were effective in sustaining income especially during an ‘off’ year when mango is not bearing. By intercropping, farmers can generate income over a period of seven months. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus on leaf growth of sweetpotato
Authors: Agu CM
Published: March 2006

Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus reduced leaf growth on shoots of sweet potato. M. incognita had a greater effect than P. brachyurus. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Storability of Amaranthus leafy vegetable in different vegetable boxes
Authors: Oyebanji AO , Ubani ON , Williams JO , Adesida MA , Olahan SA
Published: March 2006

Fresh Amaranthus sp. leafy vegetable was stored in cane boxes lined with polyethylene or woven polypropylene or unlined boxes, all covered with moist jute. Open‐air storage on laboratory benches was the control. The vegetable in boxes stored well for 3 days without loss of acceptability, but discolouration and rotting were obvious by the sixth day. The leaves stored in open air were of moderate quality within a day and unacceptable. Returns from using the boxes were N79‐80 per day, compared to rental cost of N20‐21.4 per day. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Thermostable amylases from hyper‐thermal springs of Ethiopia
Authors: Haki GD , Rakshit SK
Published: March 2006

Bacterial colonies were isolated from six Ethiopian hyperthermal springs which were at 36–93°C, and 10% of these were amylase positive. A number of the crude enzyme extracts were active at elevated temperatures. Two thermophilic Gram‐positive Bacillus strains were identified as B. stearothermophilus and B. licheniformis. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Stem‐nodulating Sesbania as a potential feed supplement for ruminants
Authors: Valarini Maria José , Possenti Rosana Aparecida
Published: March 2006

Sesbania rostrata can fix atmospheric nitrogen through both root and stem nodules. Its use as fodder was assessed on 4‐month‐old stem‐inoculated plants grown in the field. The shoots had high crude protein and degradable nitrogen, but low neutral‐detergent and acid‐detergent fibre, lignin, total extractable phenolics and tannins, and extractable condensed tannins. Dry matter and protein degradabilities were high. S. rostrata is a potential protein supplement for ruminants. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of harvesting method on quality and shelf‐life of mango fruits
Authors: Abu‐Goukh Abu‐Bakr A , Mohamed Hafiza I
Published: March 2006

Instead of letting the fruits fall to the ground, mangoes were harvested by an improved technique. Fruits were snapped off the tree with a pole equipped with a long cloth sleeve held open by a ring. When the pedicel was severed, the fruit dropped into the bag and slid smoothly down to be received by the picker. The improved method greatly improved fruit quality, reduced post‐harvest losses and extended the shelf‐life. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Seed weight and protein and tannin contents of 32 cowpea accessions in Ghana
Authors: Asante IK , Adu‐Dapaah H , Addison P
Published: March 2006

Cowpea seeds of 32 accessions had 100‐seed weight of 9.0 to 15.3 g and protein and tannin contents 16.4 to 27.3% and 0.12 to 2.38, respectively. Seeds that had the highest tannin levels were either brown mottled, dark mottled, brown or flesh‐coloured. There was a significant negative correlation between 100‐seed weight and protein content. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Genetic variation in nutritive and anti‐nutritive contents of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa)
Authors: Ajibade SR , Balogun MO , Afolabi OO , Ajomale KO , Fasoyiro SB
Published: March 2006

Seeds of 20 African yam bean collections were evaluated for nutritive and anti‐nutritive contents. Anti‐nutrients were negatively correlated with protein and carbohydrate contents. Principal component analysis and the Fastclus procedure showed that collections with high anti‐nutrient contents had darker seed colour. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of auxins on root development in yam (Dioscorea rotundata) vine
Authors: Acha IA , Shiwachi H , Asiedu R , Akoroda MO
Published: March 2006

Treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA) significantly increased the number of roots produced by vine cuttings of ten Dioscorea rotundata cultivars. Some cultivars could be propagated by layering, especially with IBA treatment, but layering does not appear to be feasible for use on farms. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Grain and straw yield of barley as influenced by undersowing time of annual forage legumes and fertilization
Authors: Zewdu Tessema
Published: March 2006

The annual forage legumes Trifolium quartinianum, T. rupplianum and T. studinari can be undersown barley simultaneously or at first weeding without affecting the grain and straw yield of barley but significantly increasing the total fodder yield. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Growth and yield of Capsicum annuum var. Atarodo in response to weeding frequency and plant spacing
Authors: Nyambi GN , Koona P , Egunjobi JK , Awodoyin RO
Published: March 2006

Plots of chilli pepper var. Atarodo weeded every 4 weeks had the same growth and yield as plots weeded every 6 weeks. Plant spacing of 100×50cm and 50×50cm had no significant effect on plant height, but the closer spacing increased the canopy width and the number of primary branches. The closer spacing gave 60% more yield. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The use of fertilizer and fungicide to sustain cocoa production in severe black pod areas
Authors: Opoku IY , Frimpong K Ofori , Appiah MR
Published: March 2006

The use of fertilizer and fungicide sustains cocoa production in areas where black pod disease is severely endemic giving annual yields in two districts of 1167 and 1422 kg/ha compared with 425 and 624 kg/ha in the untreated control. Combined fertilizer and fungicide was significantly better than either alone. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Microorganisms involved in fermentation of megi (Hibiscus asper)
Authors: Uzeh RE , Agbonlahor DE
Published: March 2006

Megi was obtained by fermenting Hibiscus asper using both water in open containers and sterilized water in plugged flasks. The two products were organoleptically identical. The microorganisms associated with the fermentation were Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus, but several yeast and other bacteria were isolated from the open process. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Activity of 2,4,5‐trimethoxystyrene from Pachypodanthium staudtii against two stored product pests
Authors: Koona P , Bouda H
Published: March 2006

2,4,5‐Trimethoxystyrene, extracted from Pachypodanthium staudtii, at different doses caused total mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus on cowpea in 72 h and Sitophilus zeamais on maize in 120 h. No F1 progeny were produced in treated grains. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Lepidopterous stem borers of sorghum and their natural enemies in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Tadele
Published: March 2006

Three stem borers, Busseola fusca, Chilo partellus and Sesamia calamistis. attacked sorghum. B. fusca was widely distributed from 1290 to 2530 m above sea level and it was predominant in 95% of the sites. C. partellus and S. calamistis were found in lower altitude areas. Three larval parasitoids, Cotesia flavipes, Dolichogenidea fuscivora and Megaselia scalaris, were recorded but they made little contribution to controlling stem borers, with only 8% parasitism. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Development of serological procedures for rapid, sensitive and reliable detection of yam mosaic virus in yam tissues
Authors: Njukeng AP , Atiri GI , Hughes Jd'A , Winter S
Published: March 2006

A monoclonal antibody, designated YMV‐M24, against yam mosaic virus (YMV), genus Potyvirus, was used to develop a triple antibody sandwich (TAS)‐ELISA, dot blot immunoassay (DBI), direct tissue blotting immunoassay (DTBI) and an immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) for the detection of the virus in yam tissues. DBI was most sensitive. DTBI detected YMV in yam tubers and tuber sprouts. TAS‐ELISA, DBI and DTBI showed that the concentration of YMV increased from the base towards the tip of yam tuber sprouts. YMV‐M24 decorated YMV particles in ISEM. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Some micronutrient composition of 20 new yam (Dioscorea spp.) clones
Authors: Ogunsanya JK , Ezeagu IE
Published: March 2006

Twenty of the new yam cultivars developed at IITA were analysed for Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe. One Dioscorea alata TDr98/0116 and four D. rotundata, TDr99/21, TDr98/01213, TDr98/00313 and TDr98/01438, had good levels and are recommended for multiplication. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Storage practices and aflatoxin B1 contamination of ‘egusi’ melon seeds in Nigeria
Authors: Bankole SA , Lawal OA , Adebanjo A
Published: March 2006

In the rain forest and northern guinea savanna of Nigeria, melon seeds in farmers' stores are usually kept in woven polypropylene bags, or less often in jute sacks. Seed mouldiness was the main storage problem and when farmers noticed it, they brought the seeds out for redrying and sorting. Aflatoxin B1 contamination was detected at levels above 5µg/kg in 35.6% of the forest and 27.4% of savanna samples with mean levels of 13.7 and 12.1µg/kg respectively. The incidence of diseased seeds positively correlated with levels of aflatoxin B1. The samples stored for up to two months did not contain detectable levels of aflatoxin, but thereafter the incidence and level of aflatoxin increased. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Nutrient deficiency symptoms in yams (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Shiwachi H , Okonkwo CC , Asiedu R
Published: March 2006

Symptoms of nutritional deficiencies in D. alata and D. rotundata were observed when yam plants were grown in nutrient solutions from which any of the following had been omitted: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Cu and Mo. The symptoms of deficiency of major elements were visible on plants of both species. The omission of Fe, B and Mo produced characteristic symptoms on the leaves of D. rotundata, but D. alata showed symptoms only in response to Fe deficiency. The omission of minor elements led to poor growth of the leaves, stems and roots. Nutrient deficiencies in yam plants could be diagnosed by visual symptoms in the field. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
A new device for assessing Riptortus dentipes populations on cowpea
Authors: Ogbalu OK , Okwakpam BA
Published: March 2006

A new type of conical trap, with the inside coated with adhesive, was efficient and gave absolute, non‐destructive estimates of the Riptortus dentipes population, especially when used with shaking boards. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of priming with polyethylene glycol and sulphuric acid scarification on seed germination and early seedling growth in Mucuna flagellipes
Authors: Asiegbu JE , Agba OA , Omaliko CPE
Published: March 2006

Priming with polyethelene glycol or scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid both significantly enhanced germination of Mucuna flagellipes. Priming at – 15 bars or scarification by soaking for 25 min in acid appeared to be the most advantageous. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Edibility of cheese manufactured using Ongokea gore extract
Authors: Libouga DG
Published: March 2006

Cheese made using both bovine pepsin and Ongokea gore extract was tested on mice. Those fed the O. gore extract and cheese showed no abnormality in behaviour, weight, blood group, or serum and hepatic enzymes. An organoleptic panel detected but appreciated a slight bitterness in the cheese. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Phytase activity of Lactobacillus plantarum strains from fufu‐fermented cassava
Authors: Afolabi OR , Popoola TOS
Published: March 2006

Four strains of Lactobacillus plantarum which were obtained from ‘fufu’, a food made by boiling and fermenting cassava, all showed phytase activity. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Microbiology of the production of Oso, a condiment made by fermenting seeds of Cathormion altissimum
Authors: Popoola TOS , Jolaoso AA , Afolabi RO
Published: March 2006

Oso is a condiment used in soups in Nigeria, produced by the fermentation of Cathormion altissimum seeds. Bacillus substilis, B. linchenformes, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and a species of Staphylococcus were isolated from the fermentation medium. No significant difference was observed in the quality of Oso obtained by the traditional method and that produced under aseptic laboratory conditions. All the bacteria isolated were able to ferment the seeds individually, but the product was of poor quality. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Effect of processing conditions on the extrusion of white yam flour (D. rotundata)
Authors: Sebio L , Chang YK
Published: March 2006

White yam flour had high paste stability during heating. Low moisture contents, independently of barrel temperature, gave higher values of the expansion index. The bulk density was influenced directly by feed moisture content and the barrel temperature. Only barrel temperature had a major effect on the colour change. Prediction equations for these properties could be used to select processing conditions for specific applications. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Comparative effects of explant sources and genotypes on microtuberization in yams (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Balogun MO , Ng SYC , Shiwachi H , Ng NQ , Fawole I
Published: March 2006

Single node cuttings of two genotypes each of Dioscorea alata and D. rotundata from both plants grown in screen houses and in vitro plantlets were cultured in a tuberization medium. The screen house explants had significantly higher plantlet tuberization and primary nodal complex formation, and more tubers and primary nodal complexes per plantlet than in vitro explants, whereas in vitro explants performed better only in nodes per plantlet. It appears that in vitro tuberization is explant‐, species‐ and genotype‐dependent, the greatest variation being due to explant source. This is a first report of microtuber production from nodal explants of D. rotundata produced in a screen house. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
In‐situ chlorophyll fluorescence and related growth of white Guinea yam at different ages
Authors: Aighewi BA , Ekanayake IJ
Published: March 2006

Leaf chlorophyll photochemical attributes and growth of two cultivars of white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) were examined. The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio) of cv. Pepa was significantly higher than that of cv. Abi at 10, 14 and 22 weeks after transplanting (WAT). The peak photosynthetic efficiency period for both cultivars was at 18 WAT. Leaf area indices and crop growth rate were greater for Pepa than Abi, as was the leaf transpiration rate. During peak growth periods Pepa was less stressed than Abi according to midday leaf water potentials and stomatal conductance. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Fortification of cookies with dehulled sesame seed meal
Authors: Inyang UE , Wayo AU
Published: March 2006

Cookies were prepared from blends of wheat flour with 10, 20, 30 and 40% dehulled sesame seed meal. The protein content increased from 12.52% with wheat flour to 16.86% with 40% substitution, but fortification did not affect the colour, flavour, texture or overall acceptability of the cookies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Intercropping maize with planted fallows on smallholder farms in Ghana
Authors: Fening JO , Adjei Gyapong T , Ababio F , Gaisie E
Published: March 2006

Sowing maize in planted fallows of the forage legumes Centrosema, Macroptillium and Stylosanthes increased total maize yield by over fourfold, and a partial budget analysis indicated that the use of the legumes would increase farmers' monetary returns by over fivefold. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce
Authors: Wakjira Mulatu , Berecha Gezahegn , Bulti Befekadu
Published: March 2006

Aqueous extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus leaf and flower seriously inhibited seed germination and seedling growth (root and shoot length) of lettuce. Extracts of the root and stem had much less effect. Lettuce roots were more sensitive to the allelopathic effect than shoots. It appears that early removal of Parthenium weed from lettuce fields is essential to avoid poor germination and seedling growth. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mini tuber production using yam (Dioscorea rotundata) vines
Authors: Shiwachi H , Kikuno H , Asiedu R
Published: March 2006

Mini tubers were produced from two varieties of Dioscorea rotundata using vine cuttings planted in carbonized rice husk or coco‐peat in a screen house. The cuttings established better and produced more mini tubers in carbonized rice husk than in coco‐peat 100 days after planting. Vine cuttings of seven varieties planted in carbonized rice husk produced 1.7 ± 0.8 mini tubers per cutting with mean weight of 3.0 ± 2.7 g and 70.1% moisture content. About 63% of these sprouted after 77–105 days of storage under ambient air temperature. Vine cuttings of D. rotundata can be used to produce mini tubers within 100–120 days that could be used in germplasm exchange and for production of seed yams. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Onions in West Africa: state of research and future prospects
Authors: Rouamba Albert , Currah Lesley
Published: March 2006

The evaluation of local ecotypes has promoted their exploitation in breeding schemes and the creation of lines resistant to thrips and to pink root rot. Promotion of the cultivar Violet de Galmi from Niger has helped to improve onion yields throughout the region. Three distinct groups of ecotypes of onions can be characterized by their yield, their earliness and their storage performance. Improved local varieties have been brought into commercial use. Several onion lines are being used for breeding varieties resistant to bolting and with good storage capability. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of photoperiod on the development of inflorescences in white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata)
Authors: Shiwachi H , Ayankanmi T , Asiedu R
Published: March 2006

In experiments in 2001 to 2003, 50‐day‐old plants of four varieties of white Guinea yam (D. rotundata) were exposed to 10 h (short‐day) day length for 15 days, 14 h for 30 days or constant 24 h, with natural day length as the control. Under natural day length the male varieties flowered earlier than the female. Short day‐length delayed and reduced the intensity of development of inflorescences, but the response to the 14 h and 24 h treatments differed between the varieties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Composition of wild yams of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Sahoré DA , Amani NG
Published: March 2006

This paper describes the proximate composition and mineral contents of seven species of wild yams, Dioscorea praehensilis, burkilliana, hirtiflora, minutiflora, bulbifera, dumetorum and mangenotiana. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The supplementation of haricot bean residue with lablab (Lablab purpureus) hay in the diet of Arsi bulls and heifers (Bos indicus)
Authors: Ebro Abule , Tadesse Temsegen , Abebe Tekele
Published: March 2006

Arsi bulls and heifers were fed for 111 days with haricot bean residue alone or supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 % of their body weight with lablab hay. Supplementation, especially with 1.0 and 1.5% increased the dry matter intake and weight gain (P<0.001). The supplements were economically profitable: unsupplemented, there was a loss of 0.275 Ethiopian Birr (ETB)/day, but with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% lablab supplementation there was a profit of 0.051, 0.320, 0.425 ETB/day respectively (US$1=8.67 Birr). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Amino acid composition of variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus
Authors: Adeyeye EI
Published: March 2006

The variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus contains a protein with good amino acid composition. It could make a useful contribution to improving protein nutrition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Relationship between pheromone trap catches of Coniesta ignefusalis and larval infestation of a millet crop in Ghana
Authors: Tanzubil Paul B , Mensah GWK , McCaffery Alan R
Published: March 2006

Adult male flight activity of the stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis, was monitored from May 1996 to December 1997 using pheromone traps at the Manga Research Station in the Sudan savanna zone of Ghana. There appeared to be four generations per year, with peaks in June, July, September and October. For both years, the first peaks obtained from diapause larvae were the smallest. There was a significant positive correlation between trap catches and larval numbers in millet 3 weeks later and also between trap catches and the number of bored plants 3 weeks later. There was no significant relationship between larval infestation and crop damage, suggesting that larval count alone may not be a reliable indicator of C. ignefusalis damage to millet. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Insect species associated with sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) in Northern Ghana
Authors: Dwomoh Emmanuel Agyemang
Published: March 2006

Insect fauna on sheanut tree were surveyed in 28 locations in Northern Ghana. A total of 260 insect species were collected and 53 were identified to the family, generic and/or species level. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Fusarium spp. and fumonisin B1 in stored maize from Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Bankole SA , Mabekoje OO , Enikuomehin OA
Published: March 2006

A survey was conducted in 2000 to determine the incidence of Fusarium spp and fumonisin B1 contamination in maize in farm stores in eight areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. F. moniliforme was the predominant species, in 56% of the samples, with a mean kernel infection of 68% in positive samples. The other species in decreasing order of abundance were F. graminearum, F. pallidoroseum, F. solani and F. oxysporum. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that 51% of the samples were contaminated with fumonisin B1, at 65 to 1830µg/kg. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The seed bank of weed species in three ecosystems in a semi‐deciduous forest zone in Ghana
Authors: Oppong FK , Osei‐Bonsu K , Amoah FM
Published: March 2006

Twenty‐five different weed species were identified in the 0–15 cm layer of the soils of a mature cocoa plantation, fallow land and a food crop farm but the most dominant were Chromolaena odorata, Cyperus spp., Setaria barbata, Fluerya aestuans, Talinum triangulare and Lantana camara. Significantly higher seed numbers were recorded in the upper 0–5 cm. L. camara contributed more than 50% of the seeds on the cocoa plantation and the fallow land was dominated by C. odorata. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Phenyl acetic acid‐induced in vitro shoot multiplication of Vanilla planifolia
Authors: Giridhar P , Vijaya Ramu D , Ravishankar GA
Published: March 2006

Vanilla planifolia can be propagated using phenyl acetic acid (PAA) as a primary factor to induce multiple shoots from axillary buds. Shoots can be induced and then elongated in media containing MS salts, vitamins, 6‐benzyladenine (BA) and PAA. Elongation of shoots and formation of new shoots from nodes was achieved on medium containing BA+PAA. The shoots could be rooted on a medium supplemented with indole butyric acid and after hardening and transfer to the field, 70–80% survived. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Early selection for resistance to Phytophthora megakarya in local and introduced cocoa varieties in Cameroon
Authors: Nyassé S , Efombagn Mousseni IB , Bouambi E , Ndoumbe‐Nkeng M , Eskes AB
Published: March 2006

Resistance to Phytophthora megakarya in cocoa tree genotypes was assessed at an early stage by inoculation of leaf discs taken from nursery plants. Four hybrid progenies introduced from Côte d'Ivoire and known to be resistant to P. palmivora in that country were compared to local control clones known for their lower susceptibility to P. megakarya, and to progenies produced in Cameroon. There was highly significant variability for resistance between progenies, and between individual plants within the progenies. The progenies from Côte d'Ivoire were more resistant to P. megakarya than the control clones from Cameroon, and also when compared with the progenies produced in Cameroon. This shows the potential of the progenies from Côte d'Ivoire for controlling black pod in Cameroon and reliability of the leaf disc inoculation method. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Pulping potential of doum palm rachis from Sudan
Authors: Khristova P , Kordsachia O , Khider T
Published: March 2006

Soda‐anthraquinone (soda‐AQ), alkaline sulphite‐anthraquinone (AS‐AQ) and alkaline sulphite‐anthraquinone‐methanol (ASAM) pulping of doum palm rachis from Sudan was carried under different conditions, and pulps with variable yields and mechanical properties were obtained. The rachis was unsuitable for competitive papermaking on its own, but blending it with 10 and 30% of the pulp from kenaf bark improved the properties sufficiently for use in writing and printing papers. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
Easy‐to‐clean Schichten – spezielle Anwendungen
Authors: Frick D. , Pulker H. K.
Published: March 2006

Es kann festgehalten werden, dass auf Hohlnadeln aus Stahl transparente Nanokomposit‐Schichten auf den Innen‐ und Außenoberflächen der Nadeln oder teflonartige Fluorpolymer‐Schichten auf den Aussenoberflächen sowie eine Kombination einer Innenbeschichtung mit einem Nanokomposit‐System und einer Aussenbeschichtung mit Fluorpolymeren aufgebracht werden können.

Diese Innovation bringt in der medizinischen Diagnostik und chemischen Analytik in Forschung und Laborpraxis wesentliche Vorteile: starke Reduzierung von Verschleppungen (carry‐over), Reinigung mit geringerem Verbrauch an Waschflüssigkeiten, die Schicht wirkt als Diffusionsbarriere gegen Ionen, die aus dem Metall austreten, es besteht eine wesentlich längere Gebrauchsdauer der Nadeln und ein höherer Durchsatz der Tests.

Es ist geplant, nächstens auch bakterizid wirkende Ag+ abgebende Nano‐Silber‐Komposit‐Lackschichten als Überzüge für medizinische Geräte und andere keimfrei zu machende Gegenstände einzusetzen.
ATEX‐solutions for the Vacuum Technology
Authors: Brand Stephan
Published: March 2006

ATEX‐Lösungen für die Vakuumtechnik

No Abstract
Energy recovery using vapour recompression
Authors: Bethge D.
Published: March 2006

The multiple‐effect principle can be used to reduce thermal energy requirements in thermal processes. According to this principle the energy is used several times over, according to the number of effects. Another possibility consists in increasing the pressure of the heat emitted by the process in the form of vapours to such a level so as to reuse it in the process. Jet pumps or mechanical recompressors, which are frequently operated in the rough vacuum range, are used for this purpose. This principle is explained in examples of thermal separation technology.
Species‐specific features affect the ability of census‐derived models to map winter avian distribution
Authors: Carrascal Luis M. , Seoane Javier , Palomino David , Alonso César L. , Lobo Jorge M.
Published: March 2006

We identify autoecological traits of bird species that influence the accuracy of predictive models of species distribution based on census data obtained from stratified sampling. These models would serve as a complementary approach to the development of regional bird atlases. We model the winter bird abundance of 64 terrestrial bird species in 77 census plots in Central Spain (Madrid province), using regression tree analyses. The predicted distribution of species density derived from statistical models (birds/10 ha) was compared with the published relative abundances depicted by a very accurate regional atlas of wintering birds (birds observed per 10 h). Statistical models explained an average of 41.7% of the original deviance observed in the local bird distribution (range 19.6–79.3%). Significant associations between observed relative abundances (atlas data) and predicted average densities in 1×1 km squares within 10×10 km UTMs were attained for 44 out of 64 species. Interspecific discrepancies between predicted and observed distribution maps decreased with between‐year constancy in regional bird distribution and the degree of ecological specialization of species. Therefore, statistical modeling using census localities allowed us to depict geographical variations in bird abundance that were similar to those in the quantitative atlas maps. Nevertheless, bird distributions derived from statistical models are less reproducible in some species than in others, depending on their autoecological traits.
The catalytic power of enzymes: Conformational selection or transition state stabilization?
Authors: Giraldo Jesús , Roche David , Rovira Xavier , Serra Juan
Published: March 2006

The mechanism by which enzymes produce enormous rate enhancements in the reactions they catalyze remains unknown. Two viewpoints, selection of ground state conformations and stabilization of the transition state, are present in the literature in apparent opposition. To provide more insight into current discussion about enzyme efficiency, a two‐state model of enzyme catalysis was developed. The model was designed to include both the pre‐chemical (ground state conformations) and the chemical (transition state) components of the process for the substrate both in water and in the enzyme. Although the model is of general applicability, the chorismate to prephenate reaction catalyzed by chorismate mutase was chosen for illustrative purposes. The resulting kinetic equations show that the catalytic power of enzymes, quantified as the k
cat/k
uncat ratio, is the product of two terms: one including the equilibrium constants for the substrate conformational states and the other including the rate constants for the uncatalyzed and catalyzed chemical reactions. The model shows that these components are not mutually exclusive and can be simultaneously present in an enzymic system, being their relative contribution a property of the enzyme. The developed mathematical expressions reveal that the conformational and reaction components of the process perform differently for the translation of molecular efficiency (changes in energy levels) into observed enzymic efficiency (changes in k
cat), being, in general, more productive the component involving the transition state.
Specific phospholipid recognition by human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 neutralizing anti‐gp41 2F5 antibody
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Silvia , Lorizate Maier , Katinger Hermann , Kunert Renate , Basañez Gorka , Nieva José L.
Published: March 2006

HIV‐1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Mab) 2F5 recognizes a membrane‐partitioning gp41 sequence. Just recently its capacity to react with cardiolipin has been demonstrated. Here, we have studied the specificity of Mab2F5‐phospholipid interactions comparing partitioning into lipid bilayers with recognition of molecular species dispersed in solution. Using a liposome‐based ELISA we demonstrate a preferential association with cardiolipin bilayers. When different soluble lysoderivatives were compared in their capacity to inhibit Mab2F5 binding to immobilized HIV‐1 peptide epitope, only dilysocardiolipin resulted effective in blocking the process. Dilyso‐cardiolipin also competed with native‐functional gp41 for 2F5 recognition. Thus, our data support specific cardiolipin recognition by 2F5 that is not dependent on lipid bilayer assembly and involves the epitope‐binding site. These findings might be of relevance for understanding the molecular basis of HIV‐1 immune evasion.
Oxidised LDL modulate adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes by affecting the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Masella Roberta , Varì Rosaria , D’Archivio Massimo , Santangelo Carmela , Scazzocchio Beatrice , Maggiorella Maria Teresa , Sernicola Leonardo , Titti Fausto , Sanchez Massimo , Di Mario Umberto , Leto Gaetano , Giovannini Claudio
Published: March 2006

The effects of oxidised LDL (oxLDL) on cell proliferation, apoptosis and hormone‐induced differentiation have been evaluated for the first time in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Unlike control cells, oxLDL‐treated preadipocytes showed a high proliferation rate, a low apoptosis level, and an impaired differentiation process with an increased preadipocyte factor‐1 (Pref‐1) mRNA expression at late times. By silencing Pref‐1 mRNA or inhibiting its expression with an increased dexamethasone concentration, differentiation occurred as usual, which demonstrates the key role of Pref‐1 overexpression. The results suggest a specific action of oxLDL on the adipogenesis inhibitor Pref‐1, as indicated also by its reappearance in mature adipocytes treated with oxLDL. The inhibitory effects of oxLDL on differentiation required oxLDL uptake by CD36, and were associated with lipoprotein lipids. These results point to oxLDL as a modulator of adipose tissue mass and as possible link between obesity and its clinical complications.
Expression of the α7, α4 and α3 nicotinic receptor subtype in the brain and adrenal medulla of transgenic mice carrying genes coding for human AChE and β‐amyloid
Authors: Mousavi Malahat , Nordberg Agneta
Published: March 2006

Human AChE‐enzyme (hAChE) enhances the over‐expression of β‐amyloid (Aβ) containing plaques in the brain of transgenic mice (APPSWE/hAChE‐Tg) carrying mutated genes for human amyloid precursor protein (APPSWE) and hAChE. In this study, we showed that interaction of hAChE with Aβ affects the plasticity of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) both in the brain and adrenal medulla. An age‐related increase in the 125I‐αbungarotoxin (125I‐αBTX) binding (specific to α7 nAChRs) was observed in the adrenal medulla of 3, 7 and 10 months old control mice. In contrast, a significant decrease in 125I‐αBTX binding was detected in the adrenal medulla of 10 months old APPSWE/hAChE‐Tg.

A significantly higher α7 nAChR mRNA level was observed in the brain of APPSWE/hAChE‐Tg at 3 and 7 months of age and in the adrenal medulla at 3 and 10 months of age compared to those of the control mice. The α3 nAChR mRNA level was significantly higher in the brain of APPSWE/hAChE‐Tg at 3 months of age and in the adrenal medulla at 10 months of age. The α4 nAChR mRNA level remained unchanged in the brain and adrenal medulla of APPSWE/hAChE‐Tg for all age groups.

Based on these observations, we conclude that a high load of Aβ and an over‐expression of hAChE induce differences in the expression of the nAChR subtypes at various ages in the brain and in the adrenal medulla of hAChE/APPSWETg mice. The findings may have implications for a better understanding the underlying mechanism for AD‐related pathogenesis.
The Innervation of the Medial Humeral Epicondyle: Implications for Medial Epicondylar Pain
Authors: DELLON A. L. , DUCIC I. , DEJESUS R. A.
Published: March 2006

The purpose of this study was identification of the innervation of the medial humeral epicondyle which has not been described before. In 20 patients, the medial intermuscular septum was evaluated histopathologically: the nerve was identified in 15 specimens without S-100 staining, and in the remaining 5 with S-100 staining. In six fresh cadavers, bilateral dissections identified the source of this nerve as the radial nerve in the axilla, coursing adjacent to the ulnar nerve in the upper arm, then moving laterally to be superficial to, or within, the medial intermuscular septum, until the nerve terminated in the periosteum of the medial humeral epicondyle, at the origin of the flexor-pronator muscle mass. In one specimen, a branch from the ulnar nerve in the axilla contributed to this nerve to the medial humeral epicondyle.
Provenance of north Gondwana Cambrian–Ordovician sandstone: U–Pb SHRIMP dating of detrital zircons from Israel and Jordan
Authors: KOLODNER K. , AVIGAD D. , McWILLIAMS M. , WOODEN J. L. , WEISSBROD T. , FEINSTEIN S.
Published: March 2006

A vast sequence of quartz-rich sandstone was deposited over North Africa and Arabia during Early Palaeozoic times, in the aftermath of Neoproterozoic Pan-African orogeny and the amalgamation of Gondwana. This rock sequence forms a relatively thin sheet (1–3 km thick) that was transported over a very gentle slope and deposited over a huge area. The sense of transport indicates unroofing of Gondwana terranes but the exact provenance of the siliciclastic deposit remains unclear. Detrital zircons from Cambrian arkoses that immediately overlie the Neoproterozoic Arabian–Nubian Shield in Israel and Jordan yielded Neoproterozoic U–Pb ages (900–530 Ma), suggesting derivation from a proximal source such as the Arabian–Nubian Shield. A minor fraction of earliest Neoproterozoic and older age zircons was also detected. Upward in the section, the proportion of old zircons increases and reaches a maximum (40%) in the Ordovician strata of Jordan. The major earliest Neoproterozoic and older age groups detected are 0.95–1.1, 1.8–1.9 and 2.65–2.7 Ga, among which the 0.95–1.1 Ga group is ubiquitous and makes up as much as 27% in the Ordovician of Jordan, indicating it is a prominent component of the detrital zircon age spectra of northeast Gondwana. The pattern of zircon ages obtained in the present work reflects progressive blanketing of the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield by Cambrian–Ordovician sediments and an increasing contribution from a more distal source, possibly south of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The significant changes in the zircon age signal reflect many hundreds of kilometres of southward migration of the provenance.
Note on eigenvalue bounds for the Orr-Sommerfeld equation
Authors: Yih Chia-Shun
Published: March 2006

Bounds for the complex wave velocity c, determined by the Orr-Sommerfeld equation and the boundary conditions for channel flow, have been given by Joseph (1968a,b). In these notes it is shown how two of Joseph's theorems can be uniformly improved.
Finite bandwidth, finite amplitude convection
Authors: Newell Alan C. , Whitehead J. A.
Published: March 2006

The main purpose of this work is to show how a continuous finite bandwidth of modes can be readily incorporated into the description of post-critical Rayleigh-Bénard convection by the use of slowly varying (in space and time) amplitudes. Previous attempts have used a multimodal discrete analysis. We show that in addition to obtaining results consistent with the discrete mode approach, there is a larger class of stable and realizable solutions. The main feature of these solutions is that the amplitude and wave-number of the motion is that of the most unstable mode almost everywhere, but, depending on external and initial conditions, the roll couplets in different parts of space may be 180° out of phase. The resulting discontinuities are smoothed by hyperbolic tangent functions. In addition, it is clear that the mechanism for propagating spatial nonuniformities is diffusive in character.
Hypersonic weak-interaction solutions for flow past a very slender axisymmetric body
Authors: Cross Arthur K. , Bush William B.
Published: March 2006

The Navier–Stokes hypersonic weak-interaction theory is presented for the flow of a viscous, heat-conducting, compressible fluid past a very slender axisymmetric body, when the ratio of the radius of the body to the radial thickness of the viscous region, produced and supported by the body, is much less than unity. The fluid is assumed to be a perfect gas having constant specific heats, a constant Prandtl number of order unity, and viscosity coefficients varying as a power of the absolute temperature. Solutions are studied for the free-stream Mach number, the free-stream Reynolds number based on the axial length of the body, and the reciprocal of the weak-interaction parameter much greater than unity.

It is shown that, for the viscosity-temperature exponent ω less than 1, seven distinct layers span the region between the shock wave and the body, which is of arbitrary shape. The leading approximations for the behaviour of the flow in these seven layers are analyzed, and the restrictions imposed on the theory are obtained.
Non-linear wave propagation in a relaxing gas
Authors: Blythe P. A.
Published: March 2006

An outline of the classical far-and near-field solutions for small-amplitude one-dimensional unsteady flows in a general inviscid relaxing gas is given. The structure of the complete flow field, including a non-linear near-frozen (high frequency) region at the front, is obtained by matching techniques when the relaxation time is ‘large’.

If the energy in the relaxing mode is small compared with the total internal energy, the solution in the far field is, in general, more complex than that predicted by classical theory. In this case the rate process is not necessarily able to diffuse all convective steepening. An equation valid in this limit is derived and discussed. In particular, a sufficient condition for the flow to be shock-free is established. For an impulsively withdrawn piston it is shown that the solution is single-valued both within and downstream of the fan. Some useful similarity rules are pointed out.

The corresponding formulation for two-dimensional steady flows is also noted in the small energy limit.