bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific therapy and emergency prevention of flu
Authors: Delyagin Wassili M.
Published: March 2021

Influenza A and B epidemics, occasionally pandemics, are characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. In most cases, an uncomplicated disease ends with recovery, but unfavorable outcomes, up to lethal, are possible, especially in premature, low birth weight, infants and young children, old people, pregnant and postpartum women, with chronic diseases, immunocompromised, receiving salicylates and anticoagulants. The use of modern diagnostic methods allows early detection of patients with influenza, distinguishing them from the total number of patients with respiratory infections. This allows you to optimize the timing of the examination, avoid unnecessary prescription of antibiotics, and timely prescribe specific chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis. During epidemics, in the presence of an epidemiological history, the conclusion of the clinician is decisive for the diagnosis. Vaccination is an excellent method of preventing or relieving the flu. However, in case of an unfavorable course of the disease, in risk groups, in closed groups, it is recommended to use chemotherapy, pre-exposure or post-exposure chemoprophylaxis. Numerous studies have proven the effectiveness of the use of the drug oseltamivir, a specific blocker of the virus neuraminidase. As a result, its replication stops. The drug does not complicate the vaccination, it can be used in vaccinated people, in all age groups, is available in different dosages, and can be used with food. Treatment for uncomplicated influenza lasts 5 days. In certain situations, chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy with the specific antiviral drug oseltamivir can help control influenza outbreaks in certain populations.
Experience in the treatment of dermatitis in children. Clinical examples
Authors: Sharova Natalia M. , Kukalo Svetlana V.
Published: March 2021

Modern external therapy of dermatoses is aimed at controlling the subjective symptoms, the dynamics of inflammatory manifestations, the achievement and duration of remission. The step-by-step approach to the treatment of dermatoses in children and adults is based on the adequate use of various external forms and means according to the inflammatory manifestations and localization of the inflammatory process. The article describes clinical cases of treatment of atopic dermatitis in patients aged 8 and 11, and contact allergic dermatitis in a 15-year-old adolescent using methylprednisolone aceponate cream with ceramides in its base, tacrolimus ointment and emollients. High efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory drugs for external use have been shown. Clinical examples have proven that the combined use of topical corticosteroids and emollients contributes to a rapid reduction of skin dryness and itching, as well as the intensity of inflammation. The possibility of combining methylprednisolone aceponate cream with ceramides in the base once a day and emollients with physiological lipids increases the effectiveness of therapy and reduces the risks of side effects when using topical corticosteroids in children.
Chronic rhinitis in children is not a local problem
Authors: Tsarev Sergey V.
Published: March 2021

Allergic rhinitis is the most common pathology among all allergic diseases. The article presents the epidemiologic and pathogenetic issues of the allergic rhinitis. The underdiagnosis of allergic rhinitis and its underestimation as a systemic pathology were observed in various countries. The importance of allergic rhinitis in paediatric practice, its impact on the quality of life, studies, and cognitive abilities is considered. The extranasal manifestations of the disease, as well as the role of allergic rhinitis in the development of increased respiratory viral morbidity are assessed. The differences between allergic and vasomotor rhinitis (non-allergic non-infectious rhinopathy) are analysed. Frequent interdependence and interaction of the allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are stressed. The signs of nonspecific hyperreactivity of the upper respiratory tract affected by the allergic rhinitis are presented. The role and importance of decongestants in the treatment of both allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are discussed in detail. Vasoconstrictors would help reduce hyperemia and nasal mucosa oedema, reduce the level of mucus secretion, improve the drainage of paranasal sinuses, normalizing the pressure in them. The use of a combination drug – a sympathomimetic combined with a local antihistamine agent would be the most appropriate treatment for patients with AR. The use of intranasal combination therapy for allergic rhinitis is justified: a sympathomimetic phenylephrine combined with a blocker of H1-histamine receptors dimethindene. The insights into the safety and efficacy of above drug combination in paediatric practice are presented. The use of a combination intranasal drug based on phenylephrine and dimethindene in patients with allergic rhinitis is justified in paediatric practice as both symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment. It is also advisable to administer it to treat acute respiratory viral diseases, in the post-viral period with situational exacerbations of the vasomotor component.
The risk of forming neurological disease in extremely premature infants: a review of literature and clinical cases
Authors: Milovanova Olga A. , Amirkhanova Dzhenneta Y. , Mironova Alyona K. , Dzhukkayeva Maryam M. , Komissarova Olga A. , Avakyan Georgii G.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Premature infants are at risk of developing central nervous system malformations; therefore, increased survival rates among infants with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight have contributed to the rise in prevalence of neurologic deficit in extremely premature infants.

Purpose. To summarize the literature data and demonstrate rare family clinical observations of preterm infants associated with adverse neurological outcomes as a result of exposure to various perinatal factors.

Materials and methods. For the literature review, we used data from full-text scientific research from international scientific databases. The influence of ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors on the neurological outcome of the disease was studied in two male sibs born at 27 weeks of gestation with a weight of 980 and 970 grams, a body length of 34 and 33 cm, and an Apgar score of 5/7 and 6/7, respectively. The analysis of anamnestic data and results of clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination was performed; the catamnestic observation was 24 adjusted months of life.

Results.The presented observations revealed a combination of various ante-, intra-and postnatal risk factors that lead to CNS damage in preterm infants. The obtained results indicate that prematurity and extremely low birth weight are not the only risk factors for neurological disorders, but the burdened neonatal period (congenital sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, lung atelectasis, neonatal convulsions, and 2-degree intraventricular hemorrhage verified by USC/MRI of the brain on both sides) contributed to the formation of neurogolic pathology in the second examined sibs. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, and a larger study is needed.

Conclusion.Thus, the obtained results indicate that prematurity, extremely low birth weight and low Apgar score are not the only risk factors for the formation of neurological disorders. A combination of several significant ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors is necessary for the development of severe perinatal CNS damage, the formation of adverse neurological outcomes, and severe delay in motor and psycho - speech development in preterm infants. The prognosis of neurological outcome in a preterm baby requires long-term dynamic monitoring and a comprehensive approach using clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, requiring additional more extensive research.
Goat’s milk-based formula when choosing artificial feeding for a newborn and a first-year baby
Authors: Ryumina Irina I.
Published: March 2021

Mother’s milk is the most suitable product for feeding a newborn baby, its uniqueness is obvious. However, there are situations when breastfeeding is not possible at all or its volume is limited, so under certain circumstances mothers are forced to partially supplement or completely feed the child with an artificial formula. Although the composition of the ingredients in most modern formula feeds is similar, there are nevertheless differences in their composition and in the processing of the ingredients in the formula. In addition, the child may have individual taste preferences as well as unexpected negative reactions to any adapted milk formula. This review presents the achievements of recent years in creating adapted goat’s milk-based formulas for feeding newborns and first-year infants. Goat’s milk-based formulas have a number of advantages over cow’s milk-based formulas. One of the representatives of modern artificial formulas are those containing goat’s milk, which is characterized by low α-s1-casein genotype and high β-lactoglobulin content, which provides easier protein digestibility, contributes to more comfortable digestion and better absorption. Knowledge of the biological and nutritional value of goat milk, taking into account the peculiarities of the gastrointestinal tract of newborns and their needs, made it possible to develop and introduce into the goat’s milk-based formula the DigestX lipid complex, which is a complex of vegetable oils with a high content of palmitic acid in the sn-2-position in the triglyceride molecule, which is similar to breast milk. Goat’s milk, compared to cow’s milk, contains 4-6 times more oligosaccharides, which retain their beneficial properties in the production of artificial goat’s milk formula.Recent scientific literature data is presented, including that from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, proving the effectiveness and safety of artificial goat’s milk-based formulas. The necessity of consulting mothers, psychological support and practical assistance not only in breastfeeding, but also in artificial feeding is substantiated.
Topical antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis in children
Authors: Tulupov Denis A. , Karpova Elena P.
Published: March 2021

Rhinitis or nasopharyngitis are the most common manifestations of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) in children. Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity develops in more than 70% of ARVI cases, and rhinovirus infection is the most common etiological factor for these conditions. In this article, the authors present a short review of the existing data on the use of combined drugs based on N-acetylcysteine and tuamingheptan in the treatment of acute rhinological pathology in children. The authors present generalized data on the nature of the course of acute rhinitis, as the main manifestation of acute respiratory viral infection in children, and modern views on the tactics of treating this condition. The main theses on symptomatic treatment of nasal obstruction in acute rhinitis using nasal decongestants are presented. However, the use of nasal vasoconstrictor drugs as monotherapy to treat acute rhinitis may be less effective, as a buildup of thick discharge in the nasal cavity, which a patient is not always able to blow out from the nose (especially in childhood), prevents the drug injected into the nasal cavity from contacting the mucous membrane. The main pathogenetic grounds for the use of mucolytics in the treatment of acute rhinitis and acute rhinosinusitis are presented. The use of N-acetylcysteine-based drugs in otorhinolaryngological practice has been substantiated. N-acetylcysteine is a direct mucolytic agent. Its action is associated with the ability of its free sulfhydryl groups to break intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds of acidic mucopolysaccharides of a thick discharge. As conclusions, the authors talk about the prospect of using combined drugs based on N-acetylcysteine and tuamingheptan both in the symptomatic treatment of acute rhinitis and as an adjunct treatment for acute rhinosinusitis in children.
Respiratory infections of combined etiology in the clinical practice of the pediatrician
Authors: Nikolaeva Svetlana V. , Usenko Denis V. , Khlypovka Yuliya N. , Shabalina Svetlana V. , Gorelov Aleksandr V.
Published: March 2021

Acute respiratory infections hold the leading position in the structure of infectious pathology in children and are one of the main reasons for visits to the doctor. Most often causative agents of acute respiratory infections are viruses. In recent years, respiratory infections of combined etiology are becoming an increasingly significant problem, the proportion of which is increasing.

In co-infections, clinical diagnosis is difficult, which once again emphasizes the importance of the widespread introduction of highly sensitive etiological diagnostic methods, in particular polymerase chain reaction. Data on the tendency to a more severe course of co-infections compared to mono-infections are ambiguous, which seems to depend on the specific causative agent and the level of viral load. Another urgent problem of acute respiratory infections in children is the frequent registration of concomitant respiratory viral and herpes virus infections. The clinical picture of acute respiratory tract infections is not very diverse: fever, intoxication symptoms, cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, etc. At the same time, pathognomonic symptoms can be identified in some monoinfections, but in coinfections such clinical diagnosis is difficult, suggesting the importance of etiological diagnosis, especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

All of the above, as well as age and clinical manifestations largely determine the rational selection of antiviral therapy simultaneously effective against both respiratory viruses and herpes viruses. One such drug is Cycloferon, which has not only a broad antiviral spectrum, but also a high level of safety.

Inclusion of an interferon inducer in the treatment of acute respiratory infections will reduce the need to prescribe other drugs, including antibiotics, and reduce the medication load on the body.
Inhaled antibiotics to improve efficacy and safety in the treatment of upper airway and lung inflammatory diseases
Authors: Drozdov Vladimir N. , Arefev Konstantin I. , Serebrova Svetlana Y. , Komissarenko Irina A. , Shikh Evgenia V. , Starodubtsev Alexey K. , Marin Tatiana V. , Sharonova Svetlana S.
Published: March 2021

Inhaled antibacterial drugs have been used since the 1940s with greater or lesser effectiveness, due to the possibility of targeted delivery of drugs directly to the infection site at concentrations higher than MICs. High local concentrations of antibacterial agents expand the possibilities of treating infections caused by multiresistant strains and reduces antibiotic resistance in the population. The inhaled delivery method is characterized by a high level of safety due to the absence of systemic toxic effects, which reduces the risk of pseudomembranous colitis and other complications of antibiotic therapy. Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate is a combined drug that includes thiamphenicol and N-acetylcysteine, which causes its antibacterial and mucolytic activity. The results of clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of TGA in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia, laryngotracheitis, rhinosinusitis and other infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. In pediatrics, the drug is used to treat bronchitis and pneumonia, especially those that cannot be treated with other antibacterial drugs, bronchiolitis, whooping cough, and cystic fibrosis. The article presents data on the effectiveness and safety of containing TGA. A wide spectrum of antibacterial actions, the ability to form high local concentrations of antibacterial and mucolytic components in the focus of infection, a low risk of serious side effects in both adults and children are noted. The topical use of the combination drug has proven to be effective not only in bringing about a pronounced clinical improvement, but also in reducing the frequency of use of systemic antibiotic therapy. The efficacy of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate is not inferior to macrolide antibiotics.
Cerebrovascular disease in senile patient (clinical case)
Authors: Cherdak M. A. , Mkhitaryan E. A.
Published: March 2021

The article presents a clinical observation of a comorbid elderly patient with complaints typical for chronic cerebrovascular disease. A careful analysis of the clinical picture and a thorough assessment of the patient’s condition, including testing of cognitive and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric functions, made it possible to identify characteristic syndromes of cerebrovascular disease, which was additionally confirmed by the magnetic resonance imaging. The patient’s therapy regimen was optimized with an emphasis on clinically and pathogenetically justified methods taking into account the main clinical syndromes. Patient’s follow-up assessment has shown that the treatment was accompanied by significant positive dynamic, in both cognitive and emotional signs and symptoms. The article discusses the epidemiology of cerebrovascular diseases, their relationship with other geriatric syndromes in elderly and senile people. The main problems associated with the therapy of cerebrovascular diseases in elderly patients and the ways to eliminate them are discussed.
Effects of kinesitherapy on chronic non-specific low back pain: discussion based on clinical observations
Authors: Parfenov V. A. , Lamkova I. A.
Published: March 2021

In chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP), an integrated approach is effective, which must include kinesitherapy. Unfortunately, in our country, kinesitherapy is not always used in CNLBP, ineffective methods of therapy are often used. The article presents an observation of a 55-year-old female patient who suffered from CNLBP. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed protrusions up to 4 mm at the level of L4-L5, L5-S1 segments, which were regarded as the cause of back pain. The patient was prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ointments at the place of residence, limitation of physical activity was recommended, which did not have a significant positive effect. In a specialized neurological center, during manual examination, the patient showed signs of lesion of the right sacroiliac joint (SIJ), and with diagnostic and treatment blockade (with anesthetics and corticosteroids) of the right SIJ, an almost complete temporary regression of pain was noted. The patient was explained the causes of pain, the role of SIJ lesions, prolonged physical inactivity and static loads as the causes of CNLBP, the safety and effectiveness of kinesitherapy. Movalis® (meloxicam) was used as an NSAID at 15 mg per day. The patient underwent exercises to activate the gluteal muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, strengthen the back of the thigh, relieve tension from the square muscles of the lower back, and relax the hip flexor muscles. Techniques for controlling the neutral position of the spine and the walking pattern were worked out. Within 10 days, the pain completely disappeared, functional disorders on the Oswestry scale decreased from 34% to 10%. Over the next 3 months, the patient regularly performed therapeutic exercises, avoided static loads, her physical activity increased from 10 to 26 points, back pain did not bother her. The issues of the effectiveness of kinesitherapy in CNLBP are discussed. It is noted that in CNLBP, regularity of physical exercises, exclusion of abrupt and excessive movements, and static loads are of leading importance. Walking represent a highly effective method of treatment and prevention of CNLBP and should be combined with other methods of kinesitherapy. The efficacy and low risk of complications from the use of meloxicam in patients with CNLBP not only from the gastrointestinal tract, but also from the cardiovascular system are noted. The use of kinesitherapy in complex therapy can help many patients with CNLBP, in whom it has not been previously used.
Chronic musculoskeletal pain in neurological practice
Authors: Khaibullina D. Kh. , Maksimov Yu. N. , Devlikamova F. I.
Published: March 2021

Treatment of musculoskeletal back pain is an essential problem for doctors of many specialties, including neurologists. In some cases, the chronic course of the pain syndrome is accompanied with complaints and clinical manifestations characteristic of neuropathic pain in the absence of significant damage to the neural structures, which is explained by the mechanism of central sensitization. In this case, there may be diagnostic errors in determining the nature of the pain, which entails inadequate therapy that does not lead to the desired result.The presented clinical case is devoted to the treatment of exacerbation of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Treatment of the patient for a herniated disc complicated by radiculopathy, carried out earlier, did not lead to the desired result due to the inconsistency of the diagnosis, inadequacy and lack of systematic therapy. Based on the analysis of the physical and paraclinical studies, the diagnosis was changed to « Lower back pain. Myofascial pain syndrome. Toxic polyneuropathy. Herniated disc LV-SI. Residual radiculopathy S1». Therapeutic measures were adjusted in accordance with the diagnosis. In order to relieve the pain syndrome at the first stage, a combined drug Neurodiclovit, a muscle relaxant, a drug of the SYSADOA group, soft tissue techniques of manual therapy, phonophoresis with glucocorticosteroids, and cognitive behavioral therapy were used. The assessment of the patient’s condition carried out after 7 days showed the effectiveness of the treatment, which allowed to cancel the use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a muscle relaxant and a glucocorticosteroid. At the post-treatment stage, the patient was prescribed a combination of B vitamins (Neuromultivitis) and therapeutic gymnastics, as well as continued therapy with a slowacting symptomatic agent and non-drug treatment methods. Relief of the pain syndrome in the absence of adverse events confirmed the adequacy and effectiveness of the therapy.The presented clinical case demonstrates the importance of placing emphasis at the stage of diagnosis, taking into account the data of clinical and paraclinical research methods, and also illustrates the possibility of successful conservative therapy for exacerbation of chronic musculoskeletal pain in the practice of a neurologist.
Vestibular neuronitis
Authors: Parfenov V. A.
Published: March 2021

Vestibular neuronitis occurs as a result of damage to the vestibular nerve and is manifested by a sudden and prolonged attack of vestibular vertigo, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and imbalance. Questions of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of VN are discussed. The disease is associated with selective inflammation (viral or infectious-allergic genesis) of the vestibular nerve. The role of herpes simplex virus type 1 is confirmed by cases of herpetic encephalitis in VN. In 2020, cases of VN development in patients with COVID-19 are described. VN usually affects the upper branch of the vestibular nerve, which innervates the horizontal and anterior semicircular canals. The duration of vertigo with VN ranges from several hours to several days. The timing of the restoration of vestibular function depends on the degree of damage to the vestibular nerve, the speed of central vestibular compensation and the patient’s performance of vestibular gymnastics. Some patients, months and even years after VN, experience significant instability. The diagnosis of VL is based on the clinical picture of the disease, the results of an otoneurological examination, and the exclusion of other diseases. VN treatment is aimed at reducing dizziness, nausea and vomiting and accelerating vestibular compensation. In our country VN is rarely diagnosed, which is associated with poor awareness of doctors about this disease. The article presents the observation of a 46-year-old patient with VN, who was mistakenly diagnosed with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, which contributed to the patient’s long-term disability. Establishing the correct diagnosis, educational work with the patient, conducting vestibular gymnastics led to an improvement in the condition, regression of instability. The issues of the effectiveness of vestibular gymnastics, the use of betahistine to accelerate the recovery of patients with VN are discussed.
Drug and non-drug treatments of vertigo
Authors: Antonenko L. M.
Published: March 2021

Patients with complaints of “dizziness” often make an odyssey of visits to physicians belonging to various specialties. The prevalence of vertigo in the population is 17–30%. In most cases, disorders of various areas of the vestibular analyzer form the pathogenetic basis of vertigo and unsteadiness, while the most common cause of these complaints is the pathology of the peripheral area of the vestibular system: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, Meniere’s disease. The cerebral vessel disease caused by hypertensive cerebral microangiopathy and cerebral atherosclerosis can also manifest by vertigo and unsteadiness. They can be represented by acute cerebrovascular disorders in the vertebrobasilar arterial system, transient ischemic attacks, as well as manifestations of chronic cerebrovascular disease (chronic cerebral ischemia, discirculatory encephalopathy). Episodes of recurrent spontaneous vestibular vertigo can be caused by vestibular migraine, which is rarely diagnosed in our country. The variety of reasons for complaints of vertigo and unsteadiness defines many therapeutic approaches to the treatment of these diseases. In recent times, modern drug and non-drug approaches to the treatment have been developed for patients with various diseases manifested by vertigo and unsteadiness. The most effective treatment is a comprehensive therapeutic approach that combines non-drug therapy, including vestibular gymnastics, training on the stabilographic platform with biofeedback according to the support reaction, and drugs that help reduce the severity, duration, and frequency of vertigo attacks, as well as accelerate vestibular compensation. Many studies have shown the efficacy of drugs enhancing microcirculation used for the prophylactic treatment of various causes of vertigo and unsteadiness.
HIGHLY SELECTIVE HF-LPME-GC-MS FOR COCAINE AND BIOTRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS IN HUMAN HAIR TO MONITOR DRUG ADDICTS
Authors: Scanferla Deborah , Sakurada Jessica , Oliveira Luís , Lini Renata , Aguera Raul , Madia Mariana , Moreira Paula , Romoli Jessica , Bando Érika , Machinski Miguel , Marchioni Camila , Mossini Simone
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to investigate a miniaturized extraction methodology with analysis by GC-MS for simultaneous detection and quantification of cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BZE) and cocaethylene (CE) in hair to monitor drug addicts. The process was done following the international guide of the Scientific Task Force on Forensic Toxicology. After sample extraction, derivatizing solution was added, clean-up was done by the Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction (HF-LPME) and adapted to use the ultrasonic bath, a simple and easy-to-handle device. Isobutylchloroformate was first used as derivatization reagent to convert benzoylecgonine to isobutylbenzoylecgonine. Analytes quantification occurred within a linear range of 0.1 to 20 ng mg-1 for COC and 0.05 to 5 ng mg-1 for BZE and CE, with a correlation coefficient of r > 0.99. Limits of detection were 0.05; 0.03 and 0.03 ng mg-1, whereas limits of quantification were 0.1; 0.05 and 0.05 ng mg-1 for COC; BZE and CE, respectively. There was no matrix effect interference. Intra and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable according to international guidelines. The analytical method HF-LPME-GC-MS was successfully applied to 14 hair samples from patients admitted in drugs detoxification programs. All samples resulted positive for cocaine (0.80-> 20 ng mg-1) and benzoylecgonine (0.20-> 5 ng mg-1), 11 samples were positive for cocaethylene (0.10-> 0.60 ng mg-1).
Financial Stability, Leverage, Ineffective Monitoring, Independent Audit Committee, and the Fraudulent Financial Statement
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Bunda Mulia University, Jl. Ancol Barat IV, RT.12/RW.2, Ancol, Kec. Pademangan, Kota Jakarta Utara, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 14430, Tjen Fenny , Sitorus Tigor ,   Magister Program, Bunda Mulia University Jl. Ancol Barat IV, RT.12/RW.2, Ancol, Kec. Pademangan, Kota Jkt Utara, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 14430, Chasanah Rina Nur ,   Department of Accounting, Bunda Mulia University, Jl. Ancol Barat IV, RT.12/RW.2, Ancol, Kec. Pademangan, Kota Jakarta Utara, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 14430
Published: March 2021

This study aims to develop prior empirical model research of factors influence toward fraudulent financial statement and determine some element of fraud triangle that are financial stability, Leverage , ineffective monitoring and one element of Good Corporate Governance that is independent audit committee influence to fraudulent financial statement. This research topic is important because investors need earnings information as a basic for making investment decision and fraudulent financial statement may affect quality of earnings information received by investors. Data obtained from financial statement of mining company period 2011-2015, data were analyzed with multiple linier regressions with 150 samples collected by purposive sampling technique. Then the authors used Micro soft Excel and SPSS version 24 for processing and analyzing samples. The results showed only financial stability that has a significant influence on fraudulent financial statement, while Leverage, ineffective monitoring and independent audit committee partially has not significant influence toward fraudulent financial statement.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kualitas Informasi Laporan Keuangan pada Masjid
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Telkom Jl. Telekomunikasi No.1, Terusan, Kec. Buah batu, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40257, Nurillah Nelsha Meutia , Cahyaningsih Cahyaningsih ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Telkom Jl. Telekomunikasi No.1, Terusan, Kec. Buah batu, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40257, Zultilisna Djusnimar ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Telkom Jl. Telekomunikasi No.1, Terusan, Kec. Buah batu, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40257
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang relevan pada masjid di Kecamatan Bojongsoang Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 2020. Ada beberapa faktor yang dinilai dapat memengaruhi kualitas informasi laporan keuangan yakni praktik manajemen keuangan, sistem pengendalian internal, kegiatan pengumpulan dana, kompetensi sumber daya, dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data melalui survei berupa penyebaran kuesioner ke 30 masjid. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ialah regresi linier berganda dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya praktik manajemen keuangan yang berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas informasi laporan keuangan ketika keempat variabel lainnya yaitu sistem pengendalian internal, kegiatan pengumpulan dana, kompetensi sumber daya, dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas informasi laporan keuangan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pandangan dalam menghasilkan informasi laporan keuangan yang berkualitas sehingga semakin menumbuhkan kepercayaan umat terhadap pengelolaan masjid.
Assessment of Prescribability and Switchability by Using Multiple Bioequivalence Assessment Approaches
Authors: Micheal Francis , Sayana Mohanlal , Prasad Rajendra , Motial Balamurali M.
Published: March 2021

Background:

In the drug development process, an assessment of bioequivalence is an integral part. For the evaluation of generics against the comparator, average bioequivalence approach is the gold standard method. In the recent past, there were many discussions on whether we have the adequate tool to evaluate generics and thereby drug interchangeability (prescribability and switchability) issue is addressed as average bioequivalence approach just considers population mean. Hence, the alternative approaches like population bioequivalence and individual bioequivalence assessment approaches arise as different variances like inter/ intra-subject variance and subject- by-formulation variance along with population mean are considered.

Objectives:

Methoxsalen, in combination with long-wave UVA radiation, is used in the symptomatic management certain psoriasis. The study was aimed to establish the bioequivalence (BE) of a newly developed methoxsalen capsule (MTX test) with that of a reference methoxsalen capsule (MTX reference) using multiple BE methods (i.e., average [ABE], population [PBE], and individual [IBE]) by utilizing a new LC-MS/MS method.

Methods:

This is an open-label, randomized, balanced, two-treatment, three-period, three-sequence, crossover, single-dose (20 mg, 2 × 10 mg capsules), comparative, oral BE study conducted in 52 healthy, adult males under fasting conditions. Along with various pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters ABE, PBE, and IBE were also determined in the single study.

Results:

A non-compartmental model best described the concentration-time data of both MTX test and reference. Both the formulations demonstrated nearly similar values of BE parameters (i.e., AUCo-t, AUC0-∞, Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2). For MTX test, the observed Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0- ∞ were 125.16±81.53 ng/mL, 313.73±260.86 ng h/mL, and 321.25±271.85 ng h/mL, respectively. For MTX reference, the values were 127.63±71.60 ng/mL, 329.11±252.91 ng h/mL, and 335.48±264.54 ng h/mL, respectively.

:

The bioanalytical method was validated over the concentration range 0.100-100.00ng/mL and the coefficient of determination (r2) was ≥ 0.9991. The sensitivity of the method was 0.100 ng/mL with the accuracy and precision values of 115% and 10.54%, respectively.

Conclusion:

A single dose of MTX test met the ABE criteria of 80.00% -125.00% for Cmax, AUCo- t, and AUC0-∞, against MTX reference. The study outcome by PBE and IBE approaches proved that MTX Test was bio-inequivalent to MTX reference. Using multiple BE assessment methods in a single BE study is a novel approach and may overcome shortcomings of conventional bioequivalence assessment methods.
Comparison of Dot ELISA Using GroEL Recombinant Protein as an Antigen and an Indirect Hemagglutination Assay for Serodiagnosis of Melioidosis
Authors: Kritsiriwuthinan Kanyanan , Wajanarogana Sumet , Choosang Kantima , Pimklang Thitima
Published: March 2021

Background:

Melioidosis is a disease caused by the Burkholderia pseudomallei bacterium. The mortality rate of infected patients is quite high because the symptoms are similar to those of various diseases, making it difficult to diagnose clinically and preventing the immediate treatment with effective antibiotics that is required for the management of acute infections. To provide appropriate treatment, accurate and rapid diagnosis is required.

Objective:

The aims of this study were to develop Dot ELISA using purified GroEL B. pseudomallei recombinant protein as an antigen and to compare the newly developed assay with an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of melioidosis.

Methods:

The GroEL recombinant protein was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography before being used as an antigen. The optimal conditions of the Dot ELISA were determined and used for subsequent experiments. A total of 291 serum samples were evaluated by the established Dot ELISA and IHA, using the bacterial culture method as the gold standard of melioidosis diagnosis.

Results:

The results from Dot ELISA and IHA revealed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.7% (Dot ELISA)/64.3% (IHA), 94.4%/85.5%, and 93.1%/82.5%, respectively.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that the Dot ELISA developed is an efficient, simple, rapid and cost-effective technique for the early diagnosis of melioidosis and can be used in a local laboratory without specialized equipment.
De werkelijkheid van de verbeelde natie
Authors: Vos Louis
Published: March 2021

National identity emerges as an interaction between identity-formationon an individual and a collective level, wherein time (history),space (territory as place of living and as transcendental symbol) andgeneration play a role. An identity manifests itself mainly through action,and is also represented in symbols. Not the core content, which hasto be reinterpreted continuously, but the boundaries towards the outerworld serve as markers of the we-feeling of the community. In the paradigmdebate on nationalism during the last three decades, three mainquestions were at stake. At first the discussion whether an ethnic-culturalor a voluntary dimension is more important. Secondly the questionwhether the nation is a modern phenomenon or goes back to thepre-modern era. And finally the debate between postmodernists consideringthe nation as merely existing in the minds of the people, and othersconsidering the nation as a social reality as well, but to be understoodfrom an ethno-symbolic perspective. This article argues that a nation isboth voluntary and organic, can also exist in pre-modern times, and isalthough imagined at the same time also a social reality. It gives a panoramaof the shifting paradigms of nationalism and their representatives,and suggests that we are already approaching a post-postmodernistsynthesis. Finally it discusses the question of nationalism and democracyin defending even the thesis that, as history doesn’t show examplesof democracies outside a national setting, a living nation is a prerequisitefor a fully fledged democracy.
Statistisch laboratorium of vat vol tegenstrijdige belangen? De Commission centrale de Statistique, 1841-1870
Authors: Bracke Nele
Published: March 2021

From 1841 onwards the Commission centrale de Statistique gave directionto the Belgian official statistics. Unlike in other European countries this officialstatistical institution not only consisted of civil servants. Nearly half of themembers were (early) social scientists, philanthropists, journalists and geographers.In this article we analyse the composition of the statistical commissionbetween 1841 and 1870. We explore how the unique composition of theCommission centrale de Statistique contributed to its success during the firstdecade of its existence and how the conflicts between the civil servants andthe other members - together with external criticism - led to the decline ofthe commission from the late 1850's onwards.
Over de referentiële waarde van Juffrouw Lina (1888) van M. Emants, van Chateaubriand (1908) van E. Masoin en van de gevalsstudies van J.M. Charcot: Een glijdende schaal van "zuivere" literatuur naar "zuivere" wetenschap?
Authors: Van Nieuwenhuyze Elke
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to trace the referential value of juffrouw Lina (1888)as part of its narrative organisation by means of the narrativist historical theoryof Frank Ankersmit. This starting point demands a confrontation of thisnaturalist novel by Marcellus Emants with the contemporary medical biographyof the French writer and politician Chateaubriand by the Belgian physicianErnest Masoin on the one hand and with some case studies of hystericsby the famous French docter Jean-Martin Charcot on the other hand. lt willbe argued that the narrativity of the novel plays a key-role in the constructionof its referential value on various levels.
De cultuurhistorische waarde van de literatuur: het geval van de gotieke vertelling in de Nederlandse literatuur
Authors: Wesseling Lies
Published: March 2021

This article probes the extent to which literary history and cultural history may mutuallyilluminate each other, without neglecting the poetic dimension of literary works. Thispoetic dimension is embedded within the genre repertoires that shape the production andreception of literary works. One should therefore take into close account that the literaryrepresentation of social conflict is always deflected by the prism of genre conventions.Focusing on the case study of the Dutch Gothic novel, I argue that Gothic tales provide aspecific take on the post-war modernization of the Netherlands. As such, they make avaluable contribution to historical debates about the periodization of the sixties andseventies, not in spite of, but because of their specific poetic properties. Thus, it is verywell possible to bring literary works to bear upon the discussion of historical issueswithout either infringing upon the relative autonomy of the literary system or neglectingthe specific expertise of literary studies as a discipline in its own rights.
Macrotekst, short story cycle, recueil de nouvelles: naar een theorie van de verhalenbundel
Authors: Duyck Mathijs
Published: March 2021

Si le recueil de nouvelles se définit en premier lieu par son caractère fonctionnel par rapportaux récits brefs, il est clair qu’il peut représenter non seulement un projet éditorial,mais une nouvelle oeuvre d‘art, lorsque des textes existants sont réunis dans une nouvellestructure qui ne se limite pas à l’accumulation des significations des nouvelles respectivesmais qui génère un sens propre. Les approches théoriques à cette interaction entre textesautonomes à l'intérieur d’un «livre» sont récentes et se sont développées plutôt de faconparallèle: il s'agit du concept de macrotexte, de la short story cycle theory et de la théoriedu recueil. Cet article propose de réunir et de confronter ces trois différentes perspectivessur le recueil en les soumettant à une analyse comparative, afin de fournir une premièrebase théorique qui peut servir de prémisse à des élaborations ultérieures de l’étude sur lerecueil.
De om-alternantie: een verkennende casestudy
Authors: Van Beveren Amélie , Colleman Timothy , De Sutter Gert
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the Dutch om-alternation, i.e. the variation between infinitivalcomplements (=IC) with and without the prepositional complementizer om, as demonstratedin Hij beloofde om op tijd te komen vs. Hij beloofde op tijd te komen ('He promisedto be on time'). The choice between one of the two alternating constructions is not randomas it depends on different syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors. We test theeffects of a series of potential factors culled from the literature through a multifactorialcorpus investigation on the basis of real-language examples from the Dutch Parallel Corpus,with special attention for register effects - the possible influence of register on thisalternation has not been addressed before. This attention for register can be related to theemerging Cognitive Sociolinguistics movement, which has led to a new or renewed attentionfor the possible influence of all kinds of lectal factors on syntactic alternation phenomena.The analysis will reveal that both register and complexity-related factors play asignificant role in the choice between the two alternants.
Het Gesproken Corpus van de zuidelijk-Nederlandse Dialecten
Authors: Breitbarth Anne , Farasyn Melissa , Ghyselen Anne-Sophie , Van Keymeulen Jacques
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we report on the construction of a linguistically annotated pilot corpus ofthe southern Dutch dialects, based on existing tape recordings from the 1960s and 1970s.The corpus provides audio aligned transcriptions in two layers, one closer to the dialectand one closer to Standard Dutch, the latter of which is part-of-speech and syntacticallytagged. The corpus is intended to facilitate large-scale research into the syntactic pecularitiesof the southern Dutch dialects, which could not be researched systematically on alarge scale in an easily reproducible way yet. Two short case studies concerning suchpeculiarities, i.e. V2 violations and the retention of the old preverbal negation particle, arepresented in this paper to support the need for the corpus.
Naar een pluricentrische Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst. Het gebruik van productiedata voor de beschrijving van nationale variatie.
Authors: Dhondt Arne , Colleman Timothy , De Caluwe Johan , Delaby Gauthier
Published: March 2021

Om van de Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst (ANS) een pluricentrische referentiegrammatica te maken is er nood aan systematisch onderzoek naar de verschillende grammaticale normen van de drie nationale standaardvariëteiten van het Nederlands, nl. Belgisch Nederlands (BN), Nederlands Nederlands (NN) en Surinaams Nederlands (SN). Op basis van bestaande methodologieën om grammaticale verschillen tussen standaardvariëteiten te beschrijven, zoals die van Taaladvies.net of de Duitse Variantengrammatik (cf. Dürscheid & Elspaß 2015), komen we tot een aantal vragen over de methodologie die de herziene ANS moet volgen. We gaan in op het gebruik van productiedata om nationale verschillen te beschrijven, met focus op een vaak ingezette frequentiemaat, nl. relatieve tokenfrequentie. Er wordt onderzocht (i) aan de hand van welke criteria kan worden nagegaan of grammaticale varianten al dan niet als equivalenten mogen gelden en (ii) met welke beperkingen rekening moet worden gehouden bij de interpretatie van nationale verschillen in relatieve tokenfrequentie. Verder bespreken we (iii) of er naast productiedata ook evaluatiedata verzameld moeten worden om te bepalen of varianten tot een nationale standaardvariëteit behoren en (iv) welke criteria gehanteerd moeten worden om op basis van productiedata nationale labels toe te kennen aan varianten. Over die vragen reflecteren we aan de hand van literatuuronderzoek en aan de hand van corpusonderzoek voor drie cases van grammaticale variatie tussen BN en NN.
Met het hoofd in de Cloud. Het digitale sublieme in de Vlaamse en Nederlandse roman
Authors: Vanden Berghe Ruben
Published: March 2021

The ever-increasing availability of information, made possible by the Internet today, transforms the way people perceive and acquire knowledge. The following contribution maps the effects of this epistemological shift in the literary form of the novel, hypothesizing that the notion of the sublime helps us understand how literary fiction dramatizes this shift. The sublime aesthetic, which attempts to present the unpresentable, reflects the way the unfathomable scope of the Internet challenges the imagination. My narrative analysis draws on key concepts from cyberculture and media theory, such as virtuality, and links them to narrative categories such as setting, character and narration. In that way, my research will improve our understanding of how Dutch and Flemish literary fiction reflects upon the Internet and how the genre of the novel may change because of it.
Epidemiological factors associated with Candida albicans in patients using complete denture: a scoping review
Authors: Caldeira François Isnaldo Dias , Moreno Jéssica de Andrade , Gasque Kellen Cristina da Silva , Haddad Marcela Filié
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study undertakes a scoping review of research on epidemiological factors of Candida albicans in patients using complete denture (CD). Methods: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used. Searches were conducted in December 2020. Keywords used in this search were Candida albicans, Complete Denture, Mouth, and Microbiology. Results: Initially, 89 articles were identified; 19 of these comprised the final sample after applying the exclusion/inclusion criteria. There was a greater tendency for females to use DC. In addition, among all samples evaluating the incidence of the fungus (n = 2,724), approximately 44.7% (n = 1,218) had C. albicans-associated prosthetic stomatitis. Conclusion: Prosthetic stomatitis is a condition that mainly affects women aged 50–70 years and has a multifactorial predisposition. Also, Newton's classification proposed in 1962 is the most used for the clinical diagnosis of oral candidiasis. The CD's hygiene status is a crucial factor for the progression of candidosis, in the same way that the C. albicans fungus plays an important role in the progression of this pathogenesis in the host.