bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Kepala Madrasah sebagai Manajer dalam Peningkatan Ektrakurikuler Keagamaan di MTs Ar-Rahman Nglaban Jombang
Authors: Naelasari Desy , Abbas Sulastri Bin
Published: October 2021

The head of the madrasa is not only a manager or leader, but the head of the madrasa also provides support to students so that they can take part in religious extracurricular activities in an orderly manner. As the head of the madrasa at MTs Ar-Rahman Nglaban Jombang who does not only carry out his duties and obligations as the head of the madrasa. However, increasing religious extracurricular activities (BTQ). The role of the madrasa principal as a manager in improving religious extracurricular activities at MTs Ar-Rahman Nglaban Jombang, focuses on religious extracurricular activities (BTQ), as well as the method used in BTQ religious extracurricular activities, namely the Iqra' method. Supporting factors for madrasah principals in increasing religious extracurricular activities are support from the school, parents, and the provision of adequate infrastructure. The inhibiting factor for the madrasah principal in increasing religious extracurricular activities is the lack of parental support, teachers who lack cooperation in religious extracurricular activities, and the students themselves
PEMBELAJARAN TAHSIN TILAWAH AL-QUR’A>N UNTUK PEMBACA PEMULA
Authors: Leu Baktiar
Published: October 2021

It cannot be denied that the verses of the Quran are arranged with Arabic vocabulary. Except for a few words that entered the treasury duw tho acculturation. The Quran recognizes this in its many verses, including those that refute the accusation that the Quran was recommended by ‘Ajam (non-Arab) to the Prophet Allah. Arabic grammar is also very rational and Indonesian but it is quite complicated, especially when compared to. Al-Qur’an as a guide life for every Muslim. As a guide, of course we must always read it and understand its contents. In order to read properly and correctly according to the rules of recitation, it is necessary for us to study the Qur’an, especially learning how to read it. Through this Qur’an recitations we are trying to improve and smooth the reading of the Qur’an. Because reading and reciting letters of the Qur’an properly and correctly they are Muslims. Therefore, the writer of study about how Learning to Resist the Recitations of the Quran, for beginners Readers (Learning of the Quran, Good and Islamic way of being able to read the Quran well and in accordance with the rules that want to express is what the people believe). The approach uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of document studies. While the data analysis technique uses content analysis is analyzes the contents of reading material related to this research. The results of the study explained that the recitation of the recitations of the Qur’an is an activity that emphasizes more on the correction or improvement of the reading of the Qur’an including makhorijul letters, letter character, relationship between letters, mad (long and short in reciting verses) and waqaf (start reading and stop at reading) as well as terms in the Qur’an
KOMPETENSI KEPRIBADIAN GURU DALAM PEMBINAAN AKHLAK SISWA
Authors: Indana Nurul , Roifah Rani
Published: October 2021

Teacher's personality competence is the most important factor for student learning success. Teachers become examples and role models in fostering and shaping students' morals. The purpose of this study was to: a description of the teacher's personality competence in moral development, a description of the process of character building for students at MTs Al Ma'arif Brudu Sumobito Jombang. The results showed that: the teacher's personality competence in building student morals, namely by reflecting the teacher's personality includes: a disciplined personality, being a good role model for students, having a good work ethic by carrying out the mandate and responsibilities as a teacher, being able to behave fair to students in the learning process, be assertive, have a consistent attitude in acting according to norms. The process of building student morals is carried out by various methods applied by the teacher, including: first, through exemplary by instilling discipline and student responsibility. Second, through good habituation by getting students accustomed to worshiping, smiling, greeting, greeting, and shaking hands, and helping each other. Third, give good advice or maui'zhah to students. The fourth is to provide punishment with the aim of deterring students from repeating disgraceful acts.
KONSEP KURIKULUM TERINTEGRASI
Authors: Budiyono Ahmad
Published: October 2021

The global world really needs the development of IMTAQ is very important, because without being framed by faith and piety, the competence of science and technology will be less meaningful for the life of the nation, it is even feared that it will be wild and uncontrolled, which will manifest in the erosion of moral values.  Therefore the pesantren and formal school curricula need to be framed in the form of integration. Only the integration of the curriculum can connect the two education (Pesantren and formal education). The integrated curriculum (Integrated Curriculum) is an attempt to integrate learning materials from various kinds of lessons. Integration is created by focusing lessons on specific problems that require solutions with material or materials from various disciplines or subjects. Overall the pesantren curriculum is flexible, in the sense that each student has the opportunity to compile his or her own curriculum completely or partially according to their needs and abilities. Even in pesantren that already have a school education system
KONSEP MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN
Authors: Rahimi Rahimi
Published: October 2021

Media comes from Latin which means intermediary. This meaning can be said as a communication tool used to carry information from a source to a recipient. The position of learning media by them is the process of learning media is a communication process and takes place in a system, then learning media occupies an important position as one of the components of the learning system. In this case, it will be related to the accuracy of the teacher in understanding the psychological condition of students, objectives, methods and completeness of aids. All of this belongs to the form of teaching either directly or indirectly. Al-Qur'anul Karim is the greatest miracle of Islam and its miracles always strengthen knowledge, He was revealed by Allah to His Messenger, Muhammad SAW to bring people out of a dark atmosphere into the light and guide them to the straight path.
Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Agama Islam Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka Di SMP PGRI Jogoroto – Jombang
Authors: Solechan Solechan , Fatmawati Etik
Published: October 2021

Scout education in Indonesia is an important aspect of national education and is part of the history of Indonesia's struggle. In its development, scouting education has begun to be less attractive and is considered a monotonous activity and what is learned is only that. Whereas behind the simplicity of scouting education, scouting activities can be observed seriously and will develop all the potential that has been bestowed by Allah to humans related to Islamic religious values ??contained in the basic principles of scouting. The purpose of this research is to describe the cultivation of Islamic religious values ??through scout extracurricular activities at SMP PGRI Jogoroto. Supporting and inhibiting factors for planting Islamic religious values ??through scout extracurricular activities at SMP PGRI Jogoroto. This type of research includes field research using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis using data reduction, data display and verification. Furthermore, the data validity test technique is through participation extension, observation persistence, and triangulation. The result of this research is the method of planting Islamic religious values, namely the method of advising, the method of letting go, and the method of modeling. The material for planting Islamic religious values ??is the values ??of faith and moral values. Supporting factors: psychological factors in the form of student motivation, social environmental factors, learning approach factors. Inhibiting factors, namely the lack of parental education for children, a less supportive environment, and differences in student IQ.
Pemberdayaan Remaja Masjid Dan Perannya Dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Sintasari Beny
Published: October 2021

Youth empowerment and mentoring aims to make them a good young generation; namely adolescents who are righteous, faithful, knowledgeable, skilled and have noble character. To foster Muslim teenagers, it can be done in various approaches, including through the activities of youth mosques. Mosque youth is an organization that accommodates Muslim youth activities in prospering mosques. Mosque youth is an alternative forum for youth development that is good and needed by the people. By being oriented towards mosque, Islamic, scientific, youthful and skill activities, this organization can provide opportunities for its members to develop themselves according to their talents and creativity. Mosque youth have a very important role because mosque youth is an organization that really thinks about the development of Islam. Mosque youth play a role in the spread of Islamic culture. Through mosque youth, we can gradually instill Islamic values ??in children, so that they can fortify the Muslim generation in every activity.
How do social and spousal support influence postpartum depression?
Authors: YAKSI Nese , SAVE Dilsad
Published: October 2021

Objective: Postpartum psychiatric morbidity is one of the most frequent complications of birth, cause of suicides and maternal death.We aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers who gave birth in the last 6 months and alsoassess the risk factors, particularly poor social and spousal support.Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We included 303 mothers who gave birth in the last 6 months attendingthree family health centers in a district of Istanbul. Stratified sampling method was used. Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale,Postpartum Support Scale, The Scale of Perceived Spousal Support Among Women in Early Postpartum Period were administered.Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used.Results: Postpartum depression prevalence was 9.9% among the participants. According to multivariate statistical analysis; while ahigher income (OR : 0.99) and a higher spousal support score (OR: 0.95) were found as protective factors, actively working (OR :8.63),unplanned pregnancy (OR: 3.21), having a first child compared to having two children (OR: 11.20), having low birth weight infant(OR: 8.33) and unmet social support (OR: 1.02) were risk factors for PPD (p<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, increasing family income, social and spousal support, prevention of unplannedpregnancies using effective family planning methods and improving the life prosperity of the women are essential to the decrease ofPPD prevalence.
The Life Cycle of Converging Industries: The Evolution of the Tablet Sector and Its Impact on Competitive Dynamics
Authors: Calvosa Paolo
Published: October 2021

Background of the study. In recent years a series of academic research projects in the economic managerial field have investigated the relationship between innovation and industrial evolution, providing new interpretive keys to improve the understanding of one of the most important events in the industries’ transformation in the current economy, that of digital convergence.

Purpose of the paper and methodology. This research work provides an original contribution to the question of how market convergence affects industry evolution. The paper analyzes the convergence process that has influenced the evolution of the tablet sector and the dynamics of entry, exit, innovation and competition over the industry life cycle. From a methodological point of view, a historical-longitudinal study was carried out, which was aimed at examining – supported by a qualitative/quantitative analysis – the sequence of events that, over 30 years, influenced the development of the tablet industry.

Findings and implications. From the analysis some interesting findings emerged. Firstly, it was found that the life cycle curve of the converging tablet industry defined on the basis of sales data followed the ‘S-shaped pattern’ empirically detected by product and industry life cycle studies. Secondly, we have verified that the evolution of firm population and the level of product innovation in the tablet industry are consistent with two temporal patterns that characterize the evolutionary model, identified by evolutionary economics and technology management studies. It has also been found that the sectoral convergence process has affected the dynamics of competition in the tablet industry. It emerged, in fact, that the leading companies in introductory stages of the development of the tablet market – which came from the personal computer industry – quickly lost their market position in favor to newcomer firms that came from different converging sectors. The analysis has also made it possible to highlight that tablet market leaders tend to compete with each other in multiple sectors within the scope of a broader convergent mobile digital device market. Therefore, a ‘hybrid competition’ seems to have been affirmed between technological devices – smartphones, notebooks, tablets, smartwatches, e-readers – different in shape, but united by satisfying, in different ways, a need for simplified access on the move to a series of advanced digital functions and services.
Naar een politiek-bestuurlijke herdefinitie van pandemische paraatheid
Authors: Bekker Marleen , ten Have Ivo
Published: October 2021

Redefining pandemic preparedness. Governance of the COVID-19 response in Asia and Europe

Despite the highest ranks on pandemic preparedness assessments European welfare states encounter great difficulty in responding effectively to the COVID-19 outbreak. In this article we compare the governance of COVID-19 response in 48 Eurasian countries and a selection of European and SARS (2003) exposed Asian countries during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak until 1 June 2020, using data from the COVID-19 Health System Response Monitor and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, recent scientific literature and policy documents.

Pandemic preparedness during the first wave of COVID-19 evolved from specialist infectious disease control to a broad governance of population mitigation, which in at least half of Eurasian countries lacked appropriate authority and capacity. In the directly operational response in Asian countries, preparedness encompasses a whole of government approach, an engaged and active community and private actors. Preparedness requires and reflects both vertical and horizontal coordination as well as policies that fit with the political economy of a country and region.
Biopolitieke macht en de vrijheid van de burger
Authors: den Uijl Henk , Frissen Paul
Published: October 2021

Biopolitical power and civil freedom. How political democracy is at stake in and after COVID-policy

In this political philosophy article we contribute to the question whether the covid-measures of the state fundamentally change the relation between state and society. One the one hand, we seek to explain this from the perspective of different forms of power government applies. On the other hand, we seek to understand the nature of freedom and the legitimation to restrict freedom. We notice in contemporary administration a habitus that is extremely ambivalent. On the one side, freedom is perceived as not being restrained to do, say or think whatever one wants (negative freedom). On the other hand, we notice that this freedom is not entrusted to civilians (or civilians do not entrust it to themselves), but is materialized, in great detail, by government itself. Although a pandemic may legitimize extraordinary measures, we argue that, for the sake of the future of our political democracy, the state and its administration needs to develop more self-consciousness regarding the forms of power it applies. Also, it needs to be accountable to what extent it values freedom.
Permanent falen
Authors: Van Geffen Marieke , Brandsen Taco , Lako Christiaan J. , Brand-de Wilde Odette M.
Published: October 2021

Permanent failure: how quality systems in mental health care remain unused

In this article we present the results of research into quality control systems in Dutch mental health care (GGZ). So far, little is known about the efficacy of quality control systems in this sector. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods has been applied (interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and document analysis) to find out how these systems were applied in mental health care and how their use could be explained.

The findings show that the implementation of quality control systems was limited and highly selective. The system appears to be permanently failing, a fact recognized by most parties, yet mistrust prevents change. This confirms the assumption from institutional theory that some parts of organizations can have a symbolic rather than a real effect. In this case, it seems that the presence of quality control systems is valued over the actual improvement of quality.
Bestuurskundige en veranderkundige lessen uit het leven van Arthur Docters van Leeuwen
Authors: van der Wal Zeger
Published: October 2021

Lessons for administrative reform and change management from the life of Artur Docters van Leeuwen

Arthur Docters van Leeuwen was a legendary senior civil servant whose leadership in tough reform processes left many traces in Dutch public administration, even today. In my review of his 2020 memoires ‘Een Spoor van Vernieuwing’, I distil three broad lessons for change management and administrative reform, and administrative craftmanship in particular.
Application of the Bezgin Method to estimate dynamic impact forces and judge the conditions for ballast pulverization and slab cracking due to abrupt and rapid changes in railway track profile
Authors: Balcı Erdem , Bezgin Niyazi Özgür
Published: October 2021

Dynamic impact forces occur on railway tracks due to the presence of roughness of the track and the wheel and relate to the train speed and the rate of change of roughness. Variations in track profile and track stiffness and variations in wheel circularity are the causes of roughness. Quantification of the dynamic impact forces is not an easy task due to the complexity of the mechanics of the rolling stock interaction with the railway track. A number of experimental studies have led to an understanding of the dynamic impact forces, yielding a set of conservative and case-specific empirical equations. There are also many calculation-intensive numerical techniques, relying on iterative calculations seeking to converge to a state of temporary equilibrium for the analyzed structural domain within small-time increments. These techniques provide detailed and valuable information for the stresses that develop within the many components of the railway track. However, such numerical techniques rely on expensive computational tools that require experienced users to apply and interpret their results. The sheer amount of representative structural and material data input required to define the analyzed structural domain of the railway track properly is also an important task to accomplish in order to conduct a meaningful analysis. The second author developed a simple analytical method that can provide an accurate analysis for the dynamic impact forces on any railway track relying on track stiffness as the only mechanical railway track parameter. This paper introduces an ongoing study led by the second author and provides an insight into how a designer or a track maintainer can apply the Bezgin Method to estimate dynamic impact forces that may occur in rail-ends and within turnouts. This paper will also discuss how one can judge the conditions for ballast pulverization or slab cracking should these conditions exist.
Improved applicability diagram of two-lane roundabouts
Authors: Šarić Ammar , Albinović Sanjin , Pozder Mirza , Džebo Suada , Ljevo Žanesa , Muftić Emira
Published: October 2021

When reconstructing existing or constructing completely new intersections, the main problem is determining the type of future intersection. Capacity is one of the key indicators that influence the choice of traffic control type. In this paper, using different scenarios of theoretical traffic flow distributions and traffic volume scenarios, the authors have determined the applicability area of two-lane roundabouts. The results obtained were used to improve the existing applicability diagrams of the various intersection types presented in several issues of US Highway Capacity Manuals (US HCM). Capacity in each scenario is determined using HCM 2010 and Hagring methods with practically obtained values of the time gap acceptance parameters.
A novel algorithm for vertical soil layering by utilizing the CPT data
Authors: Kovačević Meho Saša , Bačić Mario , Librić Lovorka , Žužul Petra , Gavin Kenneth , Reale Cormac
Published: October 2021

Determination of the relevant soil stratigraphy is of the paramount importance for any geotechnical analysis. The cone penetration test (CPT) is the cost-effective, rapid, continuous, and reliable testing method for assessing soil layering and estimating in-situ mechanical properties of soil, and as such is especially useful for subsoil investigations along linear infrastructure networks, such as roads, highways, or railways. The design soil profile can be effectively determined using the CPT-based soil behaviour type (SBT) classification system. However, the soil profile consists of layers of various thickness and some layers can be only a few centimetres thick. Because the cone needs to penetrate to a certain depth to develop the cone resistance and to identify the presence of another layer, thin layers of soil cannot be properly detected. The soil layering algorithm, presented in this paper, merges these thin layers into the adjacent layers and thus overcomes the unreliable determination of the thin layers. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using a CPT carried out on the embankment test-site in north Croatia.
Planning and designing infrastructure and services for sustainable bicycle tourism along the EuroVelo routes in the Danube region
Authors: Pfaffenbichler Paul , Gauster Joachim , Hartwig Lukas , Meschik Michael
Published: October 2021

Before the Covid-19 pandemic air travel was growing steeply and “flight shame” became one of the catch phrases of the climate crisis. Too often urban citizens undermined eco-friendly workday mobility with long-distance holiday air travel. The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic posed new challenges. The recreational needs had to be satisfied by domestic tourism closer to home. There is a need for innovative sustainable tourism products and concepts to respond to both of these trends. Bicycle tourism combined with public transport for destination access and egress is a promising candidate for low carbon and regional tourism concepts. The Danube region is among the most important European cycle tourism destinations. A long stretch of the EuroVelo route 6 follows the river Danube, other EuroVelo routes cross the region. The European Interreg-project EcoVeloTour combines three main elements to support new sustainable tourism concepts in this corridor: ecotourism, use of public transport to access the destination or starting and final points of cycle tours and cycling within the destination region. Key elements of the EcoVeloTour approach are sustainable mobility and ecotourism guidelines. The guidelines utilize synergies between sustainable multimodal mobility planning, including cycling infrastructure, and cyclist ecotourism related services and ecotourism development (e.g. destination management, marketing, product development) along the EuroVelo routes. The guidelines for sustainable bicycle tourism provide a comprehensive basis for planning and improving all relevant mobility-related infrastructure and services. The chapter “Infrastructure for high-level bicycle tourism” deals with relevant road infrastructure elements like different types of tracks, intersections and roundabouts, route signposting, bicycle parking, shelters for cyclists, lighting and maintenance. The chapter “Transport services and intermodality” addresses public transport use for transfers to origin and from final destination of bicycle tours. It describes infrastructure, information and services needed at intermodal nodes. Regional bicycle tourism strategies and pilot projects are elaborated based on the EcoVeloTour guidelines. An interactive self-assessment tool to support strategy development and pilot actions of the regions was developed and tested in transnational learning interactions.
Analysis of energy efficiency of suburban railway transport network
Authors: Jakubowski Aleksander , Karwowski Krzysztof , Wilk Andrzej
Published: October 2021

Rising numbers of agglomeration residents cause increased need for people movement on daily basis. Because of congestion of local roads, air pollution and limited parking space, providing mass transit based on electric traction is reasonable. While the electric rail vehicles are considered highly efficient in themselves, they need to be analyzed as a part of a transport network, because energy consumption depends on operating conditions as well. Information about energy efficiency of whole system operating under realistic conditions could be helpful for modernization of traction power supply, timetable planning or while ordering new rolling stock. This paper presents approach to analysis of energy efficiency of a suburban rail network, using specialized software developed on Matlab/Simulink basis. For the sake of analysis, simple transport network consisting of three lines was considered. Vehicles, assumed as uniform electric multiple units, operate according to the set schedule, taking into account varying electric drive efficiency and mass dependent on passengers’ number. Vehicles are supplied by four substations with nominal voltage of 3000 V DC, using overhead contact line. Developed model includes calculation of energy losses in power supply, therefore it is possible to determine efficiency of the whole network as a relation of mechanical energy of vehicles movement to electrical energy fed from public power system. Mean useful voltages for vehicles and substations are computed as well. Program structure allows for further expansion, e.g. with optimization algorithms.
Slope stabilisation using high-tensile stainless-steel wire mesh
Authors: Budimir Vjekoslav , Roduner Armin , Hofmann Helene
Published: October 2021

Slope stabilisation systems with meshes made of high-tensile steel wire have been in use for 20 years and have proven to be reliable systems on loose rock and soil slopes. The optimization of the nailing pattern thanks to the high load bearing capacity of the system permits a reduction of the overall costs and represents an economical solution as well as an ecological solution. The expected service life with regards to corrosion depends, in addition to the corrosion protection used, on the environmental conditions and the corresponding chemical wear. The definition of aggressive corrosive environments for slope stabilisation projects are for example: coastlines by the sea, aggressive ground (low pH-value, sulphur content) and roads with de-icing (salt). If the micro-climatic conditions on site are known, systems made of stainless steel can be installed to counteract the aggressiveness and keep up a long service life. Stainless steel is a steel alloy, with a minimum of 10.5% chromium and less than 1.2% carbon content. The chromium produces a thin layer of oxide on the surface of the steel known as the 'passive layer'. This prevents any further corrosion of the surface. In this contribution the pilot project for stainless steel-based slope stabilisation is presented, which has been installed 14 years ago in an aggressive environment, along the coastline in the UK. It was installed in 2007, with a stainless high-tensile steel wire mesh. Not only does the slope stabilisation mesh have to be made out of stainless steel, the additional components have to present the same protection to avoid the phenomenon of bi-metallic corrosion. Therefore, the nails, spike plates and press claws were as well made of stainless steel. After fourteen years, the slope is still undisturbed and the material in good conditions although exposed constantly to the sea breeze.
Preference for public transport vehicles in selected area of Púchov
Authors: Kubaľák Stanislav , Hájnik Ambróz , Harantová Veronika
Published: October 2021

The paper deals with ensuring the preference for public transport vehicles in the selected area of Púchov.The main aim of the paper is to analyze the current traffic situation within the selected area in the cadastral area of Púchov, near the "Nástupište, MŠK (Makyta)" bus stop, focusing on the delay of public transport vehicles due to the large number of bus lines arriving and departing from the stop; and emerging delays of these vehicles at entry and exit. Moreover, the partial aims of the paper are to evaluate traffic surveys, to design alternative solutions to the new organization of transport, and to select the optimal option which will predict the most significant time savings of public passenger vehicles. The necessary basis of the paper was the elaboration of several traffic surveys. The application of preferential tools enables to improve the throughput and fluency of problematic sections, to eliminate large delays achieved in the most stressed sections, to improve conditions for passengers, to increase attractiveness for public transport, also to observe timetables, reduce road accidents and driving safety, and ultimately reducing financial costs.
Asphalt concrete mixtures with addition of reclaimed asphalt pavements
Authors: Zieliński Piotr
Published: October 2021

The effect of using reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) to asphalt concrete mixtures besides their utilization is to reduce the amount of the new bituminous binder and aggregate added to hot mix asphalt. This publication presents studies on asphalt mixtures with an increased up to 40% amount of RAP additive with the simultaneous use of 2 types of added bitumen, i.e. 35/50 and PMB 25/55-60. The aim of the paper is the evaluation of the basic mixture properties in a wide range of operating temperatures, as a part of the AC testing at high temperatures, the resistance to rutting at 60° C and indirect tensile strength at 40° C. The assessment of properties at intermediate operating temperatures is based on indirect tensile tests, including: elastic stiffness modulus at 5° C, 15° C and 30° C and static strength at 25° C. The low temperature properties have been tested in water and frost resistance tests by indirect tensile strength ratio. The results of the study were subjected to the analysis of the statistical significance of differences, which showed an improvement in the resistance of AC with the addition of RAP to the formation of permanent deformations and an increase in the stiffness modulus as well as indirect tensile strength. There was no adverse effect of the RAP additive on asphalt mixtures resistance to water and frost action.
The potential for EVITA project e-KPIs to be used by Road Authorities
Authors: Kokot Darko
Published: October 2021

Planning different strategies in road maintenance is one of the most important activities in road asset management. Assessment of different strategies and their comparison can be done by implementing an appropriate measure - Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). KPIs are currently used in many Road Authorities, and systematic research on the subject and development of indicators has been ongoing for many years. The Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) funded project "EVITA - Environmental Performance Indicators for the Total Road Infrastructure Assets" aimed at developing and integrating new and existing environmental KPIs (e-KPIs) into the asset management process, taking into account the expectations of different stakeholders (users, operators, residents, etc.). The research focus was on environmental areas: Noise, with KPIs on day-evening-night & night noise, exposed population, population with sleep disturbance; Air, with KPIs on CO2, NOx, NO2 and PM10 emissions; Water, with KPIs on water quality and salting of roads; and Natural resources and GHG emissions, with KPIs on resource consumption and CO2e calculation. The project outputs were a set of e-KPIs produced after a comprehensive investigation of the state of the art during the project. The main benefit of this project is therefore to provide an applicable solution for the environmental assessment of different road infrastructure assets and to describe the expectations of different stakeholders in form of objective indicators. The 'User Evaluation Trial' phase of the project was used to gather feedback on the potential of e-KPIs to be used by national Road Authorities across Europe. Two Slovenian Road Authorities and one each from Denmark and Sweden were involved. The Slovenian Authorities provided input data for case studies, while all evaluated the proposed e-KPIs from their own perspective, taking into account national conditions and specificities.
Comparison of standards and requirements for porous asphalt mixtures
Authors: Brkić Iva , Deluka-Tibljaš Aleksandra , Cuculić Marijana , Pranjić Ivana
Published: October 2021

Porous asphalt is a bituminous material prepared in such a manner that it has a very high content of interconnected voids that allow passage of water and air in order to provide the compacted mixture with better drainage and noise reducing characteristic. The analysis of available regulations and scientific literature shows that the national standards of porous asphalt mixtures differ in type of granulometric envelopes, the type of bitumen and its content in the mixture and the limits of the air voids content in the mixture. In this paper, standards used for porous asphalt in Croatia are compared with the US, Australian and Dutch standards for this type of asphalt. In addition, samples prepared based on HRN EN 13108-7 and HRN EN 12697-17 requirements were tested and results were compared using Croatian and other available standards. This paper also investigates the effects of ambient temperature on abrasion loss of porous asphalt. The abrasion loss results are compared to the other standards.
Higher automation - methods to increase energy efficiency in railway operation
Authors: Zeiner Martina , Landgraf Matthias , Smoliner Martin , Veit Peter
Published: October 2021

Automation is already present in many areas of the railway sector (e.g. computer-aided dispatching or electronic interlockings). In order to achieve climate goals and offer an attractive transport service, it is essential to advance automation and higher grades of automation (GoA). The four levels of automation range from supporting systems (GoA1) to automotive trains (GoA4). This paper summarises a study which outlines the impacts, requirements and potentials of higher GoA within different segments: passenger transport, freight and mixed traffic on mainlines and branch lines. The findings show that energy-efficiency and capacity can already be increased with the first two GoA for both, passenger and mixed traffic. Enhancements have an influence on costs, not to mention the customer satisfaction. The potential in freight transport, e.g. in shunting, can be exploited with intelligent freight trains (GoA4). This leads to improved safety and reduced costs. Within this study a tool to calculate energy consumption is established. It enables the depiction of various scenarios for different trains and driving behaviours. The simulation tool is validated by real measured data. The outcome of the calculation tool underpins the benefits of driver advisory systems (DAS) and automatic train operation (ATO). It can be stated that higher automation, especially on a dispositive level is essential if energy and capacity improvement are to be achieved, regardless of the type of network (electrified or non-electrified). However, operational optimisation has its limits. For non-electrified lines, alternative drives offer the opportunity to further mitigate environmental impacts.
Increasing cyclist mobility by improving cycling infrastructure: Case study Koprivnica
Authors: Brlek Predrag , Cvitković Ivan , Kos Goran , Gadanec Robert
Published: October 2021

The use of a bicycle as a form of transport is an essential factor within a sustainable transport system. The increased number of cyclists is changing their need for better and better infrastructure. Koprivnica is traditional cycling city, with one of the longest cycling infrastructure in the Republic of Croatia. However, parts are disconnected and partly inconsistent with the Bicycle Infrastructure Regulations (OG 26/2016). This results with reduced mobility and safety for all road users, especially pedestrians and cyclists who often share a common surface. The paper presents a method of mapping bicycle infrastructure in the city. As a reference point for comparing the state of cycling infrastructure, data were taken from the 2015 Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan of Koprivnica. In addition to personal bicycles in the city, public bicycles are also proposed to optimize this system. After the analysis, suggestions were made for improvements and connecting parts of existing network, into a united network that would meet the highest standards. Particular attention should be paid to intermodality, ie connection with railway and bus stations, and planned parking areas around the city. This model can be applied in all cities.
Multicriteria evaluation of dangerous sections from the occurrence of wildlife on state roads of Lika-senj county using the AHP method
Authors: Vrkljan Joso , Burazer Pavešković Josip , Barić Danijela , Mustapić Miljenko
Published: October 2021

A trend of increasing traffic accidents involving vehicles has been observed, which requires proposed measures to prevent the occurrence of wildlife on risky sections of roads. Before implementing the relevant measures, it is necessary to rank the risk sections on the roads from the occurrence of wildlife. Roads pass through the natural habitats of wildlife, so with each kilometer of newly built roads and with each newly registered vehicle, the probability of a vehicle colliding with wildlife increases. The problem of increasing the number of encounters with game is expressed both at the global level and in the territory of the Republic of Croatia. Traffic accidents related to vehicle crashes into wildlife are a major problem of road safety on the road network. The paper presents an analytical hierarchical process of AHP methods, multi-criteria evaluation on the example of ranking dangerous sections from the occurrence of large game on state roads of Lika-Senj County. The AHP method is one of the most well-known methods of multicriteria analysis, which consists of goal, criteria and alternatives. The ranking of dangerous sections from the occurrence of large game on the state roads of Lika-Senj County by the AHP method includes qualitative and quantitative criteria. The AHP method of multi-criteria evaluation of dangerous stocks from the appearance of large game was presented with the software tool Expert Choice. The obtained results rank the dangerous sections from the occurrence of large game and define the priorities of their rehabilitation from the competent authorities.
Fire resistance of concrete lining in road tunnels
Authors: Cvetkovska Meri , Zafirovski Zlatko Slavoljub , Lazarevska Marijana , Gavriloska Ana Trombeva
Published: October 2021

Fire is an incidental load on structures. Experience has shown that in the event of a fire, extremely high temperatures are developed, as a result of which very often a colapse of the tunnel bearing structure happens, usually caused by spalling of concrete. Road tunnel fires are usually caused by vehicles using the tunnel, but can also be caused by exidants, technical breakdowns in tunnel equipment or improper tunnel maintenance. The intensity and frequency of fires in the tunnels are function of several factors such as: length and geometry of the tunnel, density and type of traffic, vehicle speed, slope, availability of ventilation equipment and so on. All of these factors define the fire risk. Based on the defined fire risk, known fire load and location of the fire, it is possible to define the fire curve that defines the temperature in the tunnel versus time. Several fire curves, usually used in EU countries, will be described in this paper, the fire curves characteristics will be defined and the most proper fire curve for typical tunnel, as case study, will be recomended. In the framework of this paper, a methodology for fire resistance analysis of road tunnels, based on the performance, is elaborated. A numerical procedure for defining the behavior of the tunnel lining in case of nominal fire curve (standard fire) is described and applied on one case study. The impact of the fire on the stress-strain state of the concrete structure of a tunnel is analyzed and measures for proper tunnel design in terms of increasing the fire resistance is proposed.
Concession as road infrastructure financing model in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Pejić Igor
Published: October 2021

The apparent slowdown in the construction of road infrastructure in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a number of years necessarily requires a review of the existing and the analysis of new models of financing the road infrastructure construction in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The existing mainly credit-based financing models, have become increasingly exhausted over the years, and the interest of other Western Balkan countries in the EU funds clearly indicate that Bosnia and Herzegovina may expect only a fraction of the total infrastructure financing to be made to it through some of the European funds. This shows the undeniable need for analyzing and applying other models of road infrastructure financing, without additional borrowing, through a concession as a model applied in far more developed, and economically and financially more stable societies than the one in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the undoubtedly complex socio-political arrangements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in terms of the competencies and legal framework, cannot justify the delays in the construction of the road infrastructure in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Moreover, it may pose a challenge to engineers to seek possible new options.
Charging power optimisation for electric buses at terminals
Authors: Csonka Bálint
Published: October 2021

Charging infrastructure has a key role in the operation of electric buses in public transportation. In this paper, mixed-integer linear programming was used to model the bus service and capture the relationship among the network characteristics, vehicles, and charging unit attributes. The model supports the charging power optimisation at terminals to reduce the total operating costs of electric buses and charging units. The model was applied for the bus network of Kőbánya, Budapest. It was found that despite using more expensive high-power chargers, the total cost is lower because of the lower number of electric buses. It was also found that higher charging power does not affect the total cost significantly if it is higher than 350kW.
Dependence of design hourly volume on the function and nature of traffic demand of rural roads
Authors: Lovrić Ivan , Čutura Boris , Campisi Tiziana , Canale Antonino , Renčelj Marko
Published: October 2021

In the first phases of study and design documentation of rural roads, one of the key parameters to determine in the analyses is the Design Hourly Volume (DHV). The required level of service and the feasibility of the project depend to a large extent on a properly established DHV. Essentially, the problem is to determine the value of the K-factor for a certain nth highest hour of the year. This paper points to the need for additional analysis of existing databases of long-term automatic traffic counting, from which the necessary guidance for planners and designers can be derived, enabling them to understand and apply the K-factors in a clearer and more detailed way. Using specific data examples, characteristic sections of rural roads with different functions and types (seasonal variations) of traffic demand were selected to show significant differences in the values of the K-factors for the same selected nth highest hour of the year. Several guidelines (BiH, Slovenia, Croatia, Italy, Serbia) were analysed beforehand to get a better understanding of how the K-factor or DHV is explained and used in different countries. The main objective of the article is to show that, on the basis of the existing databases of continuous automatic counting in these countries, with additional analyses presented in this paper or in a similar form, significant regularities in determining the DHV can be achieved, eliminating difficulties of application in engineering practice. As all guidelines practically recommend the use of HCM in capacity analyses, specific examples are selected to show the difference between the definition of HCM for a route with dominant recreational traffic and our route with dominant tourist traffic (recreational versus tourist).
Legal Aspects of Robo-Advising in Insurance
Authors: Ziemiak Michał P
Published: October 2021

Robo-advising, to put it simply, should be understood as a process in which, for instance, giving and submitting recommendations regarding specific services is carried out in an automated algorithm-driven manner. Robo-advising is currently used in the insurance industry, in particular in the USA and Western Europe. Nevertheless, Polish legislation is devoid of regulations relating to robo-advising in insurance. The aim of this article is to present basic legal problems related to this issue as an example of possible automation of the processes of customer needs analysis or insurance contract conclusion. Key remarks in this article are presented against the background of the position of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority of 4 November 2020 on the provision of robo-advising services.
Pan-European Personal Pension Product – Insurance Perspective
Authors: Wrzesiński Piotr
Published: October 2021

The article presents the regulatory arrangements adopted so far for a Pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP) at both European and Polish levels. What is more, it provides a preliminary analysis of the proposed regulations in terms of the opportunity for insurance undertakings to offer PEPPs, taking into consideration the pension schemes currently available on the Polish market. The subject of the article is consistent with the discussions conducted for several years about life insurance contracts as savings and investment tools. The author also points to a number of uncertainties that will be of vital importance for the success of the PEPP project – especially tax arrangements in individual countries that under the PEPP Regulation are to be decided discretionally at a national level, as well as tax issues when changing a PEPP provider to another Member State.