bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome-wide association analysis of brain structures yields insights into pleiotropy with complex neuropsychiatric traits
Authors: Zhao Bingxin , Shan Yue , Yang Yue , Yu Zhaolong , Li Tengfei , Wang Xifeng , Luo Tianyou , Zhu Ziliang , Sullivan Patrick , Zhao Hongyu , Li Yun , Zhu Hongtu
Published: May 2021

Structural variations of the human brain are heritable and highly polygenic traits, with hundreds of associated genes identified in recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) can both prioritize these GWAS findings and also identify additional gene-trait associations. Here we perform cross-tissue TWAS analysis of 211 structural neuroimaging and discover 278 associated genes exceeding Bonferroni significance threshold of 1.04 × 10−8. The TWAS-significant genes for brain structures have been linked to a wide range of complex traits in different domains. Through TWAS gene-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) prediction, we find that TWAS PRS gains substantial power in association analysis compared to conventional variant-based GWAS PRS, and up to 6.97% of phenotypic variance (p-value = 7.56 × 10−31) can be explained in independent testing data sets. In conclusion, our study illustrates that TWAS can be a powerful supplement to traditional GWAS in imaging genetics studies for gene discovery-validation, genetic co-architecture analysis, and polygenic risk prediction.
Structure of the endocytic adaptor complex reveals the basis for efficient membrane anchoring during clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Lizarrondo Javier , Klebl David P. , Niebling Stephan , Abella Marc , Schroer Martin A. , Mertens Haydyn D. T. , Veith Katharina , Thuenauer Roland , Svergun Dmitri I. , Skruzny Michal , Sobott Frank , Muench Stephen P. , Garcia-Alai Maria M.
Published: May 2021

During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a complex and dynamic network of protein-membrane interactions cooperate to achieve membrane invagination. Throughout this process in yeast, endocytic coat adaptors, Sla2 and Ent1, must remain attached to the plasma membrane to transmit force from the actin cytoskeleton required for successful membrane invagination. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of a 16-mer complex of the ANTH and ENTH membrane-binding domains from Sla2 and Ent1 bound to PIP2that constitutes the anchor to the plasma membrane. Detailed in vitro and in vivo mutagenesis of the complex interfaces delineate the key interactions for complex formation and deficient cell growth phenotypes demonstrate its biological relevance. A hetero-tetrameric unit binds PIP2molecules at the ANTH-ENTH interfaces and can form larger assemblies to contribute to membrane remodeling. Finally, a time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering study of the interaction of these adaptor domains in vitro suggests that ANTH and ENTH domains have evolved to achieve a fast subsecond timescale assembly in the presence of PIP2and do not require further proteins to form a stable complex. Together, these findings provide a molecular understanding of an essential piece in the molecular puzzle of clathrin-coated endocytic sites.
Coevolutionary transitions from antagonism to mutualism explained by the Co-Opted Antagonist Hypothesis
Authors: Johnson Christopher A. , Smith Gordon P. , Yule Kelsey , Davidowitz Goggy , Bronstein Judith L. , Ferrière Régis
Published: May 2021

There is now good evidence that many mutualisms evolved from antagonism; why or how, however, remains unclear. We advance the Co-Opted Antagonist (COA) Hypothesis as a general mechanism explaining evolutionary transitions from antagonism to mutualism. COA involves an eco-coevolutionary process whereby natural selection favors co-option of an antagonist to perform a beneficial function and the interacting species coevolve a suite of phenotypic traits that drive the interaction from antagonism to mutualism. To evaluate the COA hypothesis, we present a generalized eco-coevolutionary framework of evolutionary transitions from antagonism to mutualism and develop a data-based, fully ecologically-parameterized model of a small community in which a lepidopteran insect pollinates some of its larval host plant species. More generally, our theory helps to reconcile several major challenges concerning the mechanisms of mutualism evolution, such as how mutualisms evolve without extremely tight host fidelity (vertical transmission) and how ecological context influences evolutionary outcomes, and vice-versa.
Organophotocatalytic selective deuterodehalogenation of aryl or alkyl chlorides
Authors: Li Yanjun , Ye Ziqi , Lin Yu-Mei , Liu Yan , Zhang Yumeng , Gong Lei
Published: May 2021

Development of practical deuteration reactions is highly valuable for organic synthesis, analytic chemistry and pharmaceutic chemistry. Deuterodehalogenation of organic chlorides tends to be an attractive strategy but remains a challenging task. We here develop a photocatalytic system consisting of an aryl-amine photocatalyst and a disulfide co-catalyst in the presence of sodium formate as an electron and hydrogen donor. Accordingly, many aryl chlorides, alkyl chlorides, and other halides are converted to deuterated products at room temperature in air (>90 examples, up to 99% D-incorporation). The mechanistic studies reveal that the aryl amine serves as reducing photoredox catalyst to initiate cleavage of the C-Cl bond, at the same time as energy transfer catalyst to induce homolysis of the disulfide for consequent deuterium transfer process. This economic and environmentally-friendly method can be used for site-selective D-labeling of a number of bioactive molecules and direct H/D exchange of some drug molecules.
Running the full human developmental clock in interspecies chimeras using alternative human stem cells with expanded embryonic potential
Authors: Thomas Justin , Zimmerlin Ludovic , Huo Jeffrey S. , Considine Michael , Cope Leslie , Zambidis Elias T.
Published: May 2021

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can generate specialized cell lineages that have great potential for regenerative therapies and disease modeling. However, the developmental stage of the lineages generated from conventional hPSC cultures in vitro are embryonic in phenotype, and may not possess the cellular maturity necessary for corrective regenerative function in vivo in adult recipients. Here, we present the scientific evidence for how adult human tissues could generate human–animal interspecific chimeras to solve this problem. First, we review the phenotypes of the embryonic lineages differentiated from conventional hPSC in vitro and through organoid technologies and compare their functional relevance to the tissues generated during normal human in utero fetal and adult development. We hypothesize that thedevelopmental incongruenceof embryo-stage hPSC-differentiated cells transplanted into a recipient adult host niche is an important mechanism ultimately limiting their utility in cell therapies and adult disease modeling. We propose that this developmental obstacle can be overcome with optimized interspecies chimeras that permit the generation of adult-staged, patient-specific whole organs within animal hosts with human-compatible gestational time-frames. We suggest that achieving this goal may ultimately have to await the derivation of alternative, primitive totipotent-like stem cells with improved embryonic chimera capacities. We review the scientific challenges of deriving alternative human stem cell states with expanded embryonic potential, outline a path forward for conducting this emerging research with appropriate ethical and regulatory oversight, and defend the case of why current federal funding restrictions on this important category of biomedical research should be liberalized.
Increased face detection responses on the mooney faces test in people at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Silverstein Steven M. , Thompson Judy L. , Gold James M. , Schiffman Jason , Waltz James A. , Williams Trevor F. , Zinbarg Richard E. , Mittal Vijay A. , Ellman Lauren M. , Strauss Gregory P. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Levin Jason A. , Kafadar Eren , Kenney Joshua , Smith Dillon , Powers Albert R. , Corlett Philip R.
Published: May 2021

Identifying state-sensitive measures of perceptual and cognitive processes implicated in psychosis may allow for objective, earlier, and better monitoring of changes in mental status that are predictive of an impending psychotic episode, relative to traditional self-report-based clinical measures. To determine whether a measure of visual perception that has demonstrated sensitivity to the clinical state of schizophrenia in multiple prior studies is sensitive to features of the at-risk mental state, we examined differences between young people identified as being at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR;n = 37) and non-psychiatric matched controls (n = 29) on the Mooney Faces Test (MFT). On each trial of the MFT, participants report whether they perceive a face in a degraded face image. The CHR group reported perceiving a greater number of faces in both upright and inverted MFT stimuli. Consistent with prior work, males reported more faces on the MFT than females in both conditions. However, the finding of greater reported face perception among CHR subjects was robustly observed in the female CHR group relative to the female control group. Among male CHR participants, greater reported face perception was related to increased perceptual abnormalities. These preliminary results are consistent with a small but growing literature suggesting that heightened perceptual sensitivity may characterize individuals at increased clinical risk for psychosis. Further studies are needed to determine the contributions of specific perceptual, cognitive, and motivational mechanisms to the findings.
Both high fat and high carbohydrate diets impair vagus nerve signaling of satiety
Authors: Loper Hailley , Leinen Monique , Bassoff Logan , Sample Jack , Romero-Ortega Mario , Gustafson Kenneth J. , Taylor Dawn M. , Schiefer Matthew A.
Published: May 2021

Obesity remains prevalent in the US. One potential treatment is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which activates the sensory afferents innervating the stomach that convey stomach volume and establish satiety. However, current VNS approaches and stimulus optimization could benefit from additional understanding of the underlying neural response to stomach distension. In this study, obesity-prone Sprague Dawley rats consumed a standard, high-carbohydrate, or high-fat diet for several months, leading to diet-induced obesity in the latter two groups. Under anesthesia, the neural activity in the vagus nerve was recorded with a penetrating microelectrode array while the stomach was distended with an implanted balloon. Vagal tone during distension was compared to baseline tone prior to distension. Responses were strongly correlated with stomach distension, but the sensitivity to distension was significantly lower in animals that had been fed the nonstandard diets. The results indicate that both high fat and high carbohydrate diets impair vagus activity.
Heme cytotoxicity is the consequence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerotic plaque progression
Authors: Pethő Dávid , Hendrik Zoltán , Nagy Annamária , Beke Lívia , Patsalos Andreas , Nagy László , Póliska Szilárd , Méhes Gábor , Tóth Csaba , Potor László , Eaton John W. , Jacob Harry S. , Balla György , Balla József , Gáll Tamás
Published: May 2021

Hemorrhage and hemolysis with subsequent heme release are implicated in many pathologies. Endothelial cells (ECs) encounter large amount of free heme after hemolysis and are at risk of damage from exogenous heme. Here we show that hemorrhage aggravates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human carotid artery plaques compared to healthy controls or atheromas without hemorrhage as demonstrated by RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. In EC cultures, heme also induces ER stress. In contrast, if cultured ECs are pulsed with heme arginate, cells become resistant to heme-induced ER (HIER) stress that is associated with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ferritin induction. Knocking down HO-1, HO-2, biliverdin reductase, and ferritin show that HO-1 is the ultimate cytoprotectant in acute HIER stress. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) but not bilirubin protects cultured ECs from HIER stress via HO-1 induction, at least in part. Knocking down HO-1 aggravates heme-induced cell death that cannot be counterbalanced with any known cell death inhibitors. We conclude that endothelium and perhaps other cell types can be protected from HIER stress by induction of HO-1, and heme-induced cell death occurs via HIER stress that is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of diverse pathologies with hemolysis and hemorrhage including atherosclerosis.
Asymmetric shape of distal phalanx of human finger improves precision grasping
Authors: Kumagai Ayane , Obata Yoshinobu , Yabuki Yoshiko , Jiang Yinlai , Yokoi Hiroshi , Togo Shunta
Published: May 2021

In morphology field, the functions of an asymmetric-shaped distal phalanx in human finger have only been inferred. In this study, we used an engineering approach to empirically examine the effects of the shape of distal phalanx on the ability of precision grasping. Hence, we developed artificial fingertips consisting of four parts, namely bones, nails, skin, and subcutaneous tissue, that substitute the actual human fingertips. Furthermore, we proposed a method to evaluate the grasping ability of artificial fingers. When a cylindrical object was grasped by an artificial fingertip, a pull-out experiment was conducted. Thus, the asymmetric type was found to be superior in terms of drawing force, holding time, and work of friction than the symmetric type. Our results clearly demonstrate that the asymmetric shape, particularly the mirror-reversed shape of the distal phalanx, improves the ability of precision grasping and suggests that the human distal phalanx is shaped favorably for object grasping.
Adipocyte calcium sensing receptor is not involved in visceral adipose tissue inflammation or atherosclerosis development in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice
Authors: Sundararaman Sai Sahana , Peters Linsey J. F. , Jansen Yvonne , Gencer Selin , Yan Yi , Nazir Sumra , Bonnin Marquez Andrea , Kahles Florian , Lehrke Michael , Biessen Erik A. L. , Jankowski Joachim , Weber Christian , Döring Yvonne , van der Vorst Emiel P. C.
Published: May 2021

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor that especially plays an important role in the sensing of extracellular calcium to maintain its homeostasis. Several in-vitro studies demonstrated that CaSR plays a role in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, resulting in systemic inflammation and contributing to atherosclerosis development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adipocyte CaSR plays a role in adipose tissue inflammation in-vivo and atherosclerosis development. By using a newly established conditional mature adipocyte specific CaSR deficient mouse on a hyperlipidemic and atherosclerosis prone Apoe−/− background it could be shown that CaSR deficiency in adipocytes does neither contribute to initiation nor to progression of atherosclerotic plaques as judged by the unchanged lesion size or composition. Additionally, CaSR deficiency did not influence gonadal visceral adipose tissue (vAT) inflammation in-vivo, although a small decrease in gonadal visceral adipose cholesterol content could be observed. In conclusion, adipocyte CaSR seems not to be involved in vAT inflammation in-vivo and does not influence atherosclerosis development in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice.
TERTp mutations and p53 expression in head and neck cutaneous basal cell carcinomas with different aggressive features
Authors: Castanheira António , Vieira Maria João , Pinto Mafalda , Dias Carolina , Prada Luísa , Macedo Sofia , Fernandes Margarida Sá , Vieira Fortunato , Soares Paula , Mota Alberto , Lopes José Manuel , Boaventura Paula
Published: May 2021

Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (cBCC) is an economic burden to health services, due to its great morbidity and increasing incidence in old people. Infiltrative cBCCs and cBCCs with micronodular pattern are considered as more aggressive. The role of p53 expression and TERTp mutation on cBCC behavior remains to be clarified. We aimed to assess TERTp mutations and p53 expression in relation to the cBCC histological subtype in a cohort of patients referred to an ENT Department of a tertiary Hospital of Northern Portugal. We performed a retrospective clinicopathological and histological review of the head and neck cBCCs followed-up at the otorhinolaryngology department of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro hospital (January 2007–June 2018). We assessed TERTp mutations in 142 cBCCs and p53 protein expression, through immunohistochemistry, in 157 cBCCs. We detected TERTp mutations in 43.7% of cBCCs and p53 overexpression in 60.5% of cBCCs. We spotted association of p53 overexpression and TERTp mutation with necrosis. In the infitrative-growth pattern cBCCs, there was no significant association with the clinical and histological features evaluated, except for necrosis. In the indolent-growth cBCCs, we identified a significant association of TERTp mutation status with female sex, necrosis, multiple cBCCs, and p53 positive expression. Our results suggest that TERTp mutation may be useful to identify more aggressive features in the indolent-growth pattern cBCCs (nodular and superficial subtypes). Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to clarify the relevance of TERTp mutation in cBCCs.
Cisplatin and phenanthriplatin modulate long-noncoding RNA expression in A549 and IMR90 cells revealing regulation of microRNAs, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling
Authors: Monroe Jerry D. , Moolani Satya A. , Irihamye Elvin N. , Lett Katheryn E. , Hebert Michael D. , Gibert Yann , Smith Michael E.
Published: May 2021

The monofunctional platinum(II) complex, phenanthriplatin, acts by blocking transcription, but its regulatory effects on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have not been elucidated relative to traditional platinum-based chemotherapeutics, e.g., cisplatin. Here, we treated A549 non-small cell lung cancer and IMR90 lung fibroblast cells for 24 h with either cisplatin, phenanthriplatin or a solvent control, and then performed microarray analysis to identify regulated lncRNAs. RNA22 v2 microRNA software was subsequently used to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that might be suppressed by the most regulated lncRNAs. We found that miR-25-5p, -30a-3p, -138-5p, -149-3p, -185-5p, -378j, -608, -650, -708-5p, -1253, -1254, -4458, and -4516, were predicted to target the cisplatin upregulated lncRNAs, IMMP2L-1, CBR3-1 and ATAD2B-5, and the phenanthriplatin downregulated lncRNAs, AGO2-1, COX7A1-2 and SLC26A3-1. Then, we used qRT-PCR to measure the expression of miR-25-5p, -378j, -4516 (A549) and miR-149-3p, -608, and -4458 (IMR90) to identify distinct signaling effects associated with cisplatin and phenanthriplatin. The signaling pathways associated with these miRNAs suggests that phenanthriplatin may modulate Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling through the MAPK/ERK and PTEN/AKT pathways differently than cisplatin. Further, as some of these miRNAs may be subject to dissimilar lncRNA targeting in A549 and IMR90 cells, the monofunctional complex may not cause toxicity in normal lung compared to cancer cells by acting through distinct lncRNA and miRNA networks.
Therapeutically actionable signaling node to rescue AURKA driven loss of primary cilia in VHL-deficient cells
Authors: Chowdhury Pratim , Perera Dimuthu , Powell Reid T. , Talley Tia , Tripathi Durga Nand , Park Yong Sung , Mancini Michael A. , Davies Peter , Stephan Clifford , Coarfa Cristian , Dere Ruhee
Published: May 2021

Loss of primary cilia in cells deficient for the tumor suppressor von Hippel Lindau (VHL) arise from elevated Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) levels. VHL in its role as an E3 ubiquitin ligase targets AURKA for degradation and in the absence of VHL, high levels of AURKA result in destabilization of the primary cilium. We identified NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/AKT and mTOR inhibitor, in an image-based high throughput screen, as a small molecule that restored primary cilia in VHL-deficient cells. We identified the ability of AKT to modulate AURKA expression at the transcript and protein level. Independent modulation of AKT and mTOR signaling decreased AURKA expression in cells confirming AURKA as a new signaling node downstream of the PI3K cascade. Corroborating these data, a genetic knockdown of AKT in cells deficient for VHL rescued the ability of these cells to ciliate. Finally, inhibition of AKT/mTOR using NVP-BEZ235 was efficacious in reducing tumor burden in a 786-0 xenograft model of renal cell carcinoma. These data highlight a previously unappreciated signaling node downstream of the AKT/mTOR pathway via AURKA that can be targeted in VHL-null cells to restore ciliogenesis.
Dynamic mode decomposition of inertial particle caustics in Taylor–Green flow
Authors: Samant Omstavan , Alageshan Jaya Kumar , Sharma Sarveshwar , Kuley Animesh
Published: May 2021

Inertial particles advected by a background flow can show complex structures. We consider inertial particles in a 2D Taylor–Green (TG) flow and characterize particle dynamics as a function of the particle’s Stokes number using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method from particle image velocimetry (PIV) like-data. We observe the formation of caustic structures and analyze them using DMD to (a) determine the Stokes number of the particles, and (b) estimate the particle Stokes number composition. Our analysis in this idealized flow will provide useful insight to analyze inertial particles in more complex or turbulent flows. We propose that the DMD technique can be used to perform similar analysis on an experimental system.
Serum iron and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced hepatic fibrosis in US adults
Authors: Yang Huan-Huan , Chen Guo-Chong , Li De-Ming , Lan Lei , Chen Li-Hua , Xu Jia-Ying , Qin Li-Qiang
Published: May 2021

Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between serum iron and liver diseases is limited. This study aims to investigate whether serum iron is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF). Cross-sectional data for adults aged ≥ 18 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were analyzed. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD and AHF associated with serum iron were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. A total of 18,031 males and 18,989 females were included in the analysis. After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders, serum iron was significantly and inversely associated with NAFLD in both genders (P-trend < 0.001) and AHF in females (P-trend = 0.018). Compared to the bottom quartile, those in higher quartiles of serum iron had no significant ORs for AHF in males, but the trend across the quartiles was significant (P-trend = 0.046). In conclusion, higher serum iron level was associated with lower risk of NAFLD in males and females, and with lower risk of AHF in females but not in males. No significant racial/ethnical differences in these associations were observed.
iTRAQ-mediated analysis of the relationship between proteomic changes and yak longissimus lumborum tenderness over the course of postmortem storage
Authors: Yang Yayuan , Yang Jieyuan , Ma Jibing , Yu Qunli , Han Ling
Published: May 2021

To identify differentially expressed proteins associated with energy metabolism and tenderness during the postmortem aging of yak longissimus lumborum muscle samples, we collected tissue samples from yaks raised at different altitudes. At 12 h post-slaughter, we identified 290 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in these samples, whereas 436 such DEPs were detected after 72 h. Identified DEPs were clustered into four main functional categories: cell structural proteins, glycogen metabolic proteins, energy reserve metabolic proteins, and cellular polysaccharide metabolic proteins. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were associated with carbon metabolism, glycolysis, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Our functional insights regarding these identified proteins contribute to a more detailed molecular understanding of the processes of energy metabolism in yak muscle tissue, and represent a valuable resource for future investigations.
Author Correction: Antisense oligonucleotide development for the selective modulation of CYP3A5 in renal disease
Authors: Lidberg Kevin A. , Annalora Andrew J. , Jozic Marija , Elson Daniel J. , Wang Lu , Bammler Theo K. , Ramm Susanne , Monteiro Maria Beatriz , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Marcus Craig B. , Iversen Patrick L. , Kelly Edward J.
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Neuron and astrocyte aggregation and sorting in three-dimensional neuronal constructs
Authors: Hasan Md Fayad , Berdichevsky Yevgeny
Published: May 2021

Aggregation and self-sorting of cells in three dimensional cultures have been described for non-neuronal cells. Despite increased interest in engineered neural tissues for treating brain injury or for modeling neurological disorders in vitro, little data is available on collective cell movements in neuronal aggregates. Migration and sorting of cells may alter these constructs’ morphology and, therefore, the function of their neural circuitry. In this work, linear, adhered rat and human 3D neuronal-astrocyte cultures were developed to enable the study of aggregation and sorting of these cells. An in silico model of the contraction, clustering, and cell sorting in the 3D cultures was also developed. Experiments and computational modeling showed that aggregation was mainly a neuron mediated process, and formation of astrocyte-rich sheaths in 3D cultures depended on differential attraction between neurons and astrocytes. In silico model predicted formation of self-assembled neuronal layers in disk-shaped 3D cultures. Neuronal activity patterns were found to correlate with local morphological differences. This model of neuronal and astrocyte aggregation and sorting may benefit future design of neuronal constructs.
Impact glasses from Belize represent tektites from the Pleistocene Pantasma impact crater in Nicaragua
Authors: Rochette Pierre , Beck Pierre , Bizzarro Martin , Braucher Régis , Cornec Jean , Debaille Vinciane , Devouard Bertrand , Gattacceca Jérôme , Jourdan Fred , Moustard Fabien , Moynier Frédéric , Nomade Sébastien , Reynard Bruno
Published: May 2021

Tektites are terrestrial impact-generated glasses that are ejected long distance (up to 11,000 km), share unique characteristics and have a poorly understood formation process. Only four tektite strewn-fields are known, and three of them are sourced from known impact craters. Here we show that the recently discovered Pantasma impact crater (14 km diameter) in Nicaragua is the source of an impact glass strewn-field documented in Belize 530 km away. Their cogenesis is documented by coincidental ages, at 804 ± 9 ka, as well as consistent elemental compositions and isotopic ratios. The Belize impact glass share many characteristics with known tektites but also present several peculiar features. We propose that these glasses represent a previously unrecognized tektite strewn-field. These discoveries shed new light on the tektite formation process, which may be more common than previously claimed, as most known Pleistocene >10 km diameter cratering events have generated tektites.
Instrumentational implementation for parallelized nanopore electrochemical measurements
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Ying Yi-Lun , Zhong Cheng-Bing , Zhang Li-Min , Yan Feng , Long Yi-Tao
Published: May 2021

Nanopore electrochemistry, as one of the promising tools for single molecule sensing, has proved its capability in DNA sequencing and protein analysis.
Iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C–H methylation
Authors: Gong Pei-Xue , Xu Fangning , Cheng Lu , Gong Xu , Zhang Jie , Gu Wei-Jin , Han Wei
Published: May 2021

The iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C–H methylation for preparing diversified methyl ketones is developed and can be applied to the late-stage modification of complex small molecules.
Attosecond pump–attosecond probe spectroscopy of Auger decay
Authors: Kissin Yoel , Ruberti Marco , Kolorenč Přemysl , Averbukh Vitali
Published: May 2021

Attosecond pump–attosecond probe spectroscopy maps Auger decay dynamics on the ionic charge state populations, in analogy to time resolving photodissociation in femtochemistry.
Investigation into effects of warmer conditions on seasonal runoff and dissolved carbon fluxes in permafrost catchments in northeast China
Authors: Guo Yuedong , Song Changchun
Published: May 2021

DOC dynamic in warmer climate was studied in south Eurasia.
Protective effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes on the lung and liver of MODS mice
Authors: Sun Wenxue , Feng Yanbo , Zhang Mengyu , Song Xinling , Jia Le
Published: May 2021

In this work, the effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes (SPLE) on zymosan (ZYM)-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) mice were investigated.
Accurate in situ oxygen isotopic analysis at high resolution by secondary ion mass spectrometry shows the potential of aragonite as a reference material
Authors: He Miaohong , Chen Tianyu , Liu Xi , Yang Ya-Nan , Xia Xiaoping , Yang Qing , He Pengli , Di Jian , Zhang Yanqiang , Wei Gangjian
Published: May 2021

Matrix effect in SIMS aragonite oxygen isotopic analysis.
Correction: Self-assembled blue-light emitting materials for their liquid crystalline and OLED applications: from a simple molecular design to supramolecular materials
Authors: Sharma Vinay S. , Sharma Anuj S. , Agarwal Nikhil K. , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S.
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Self-assembled blue-light emitting materials for their liquid crystalline and OLED applications: from a simple molecular design to supramolecular materials’ by Vinay S. Sharma et al., Mol. Syst. Des. Eng., 2020, 5, 1691–1705, DOI: 10.1039/D0ME00117A.
Inhaled antibiotic-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the management of lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Rahman Sabuj Mohammad Zaidur , Islam Nazrul
Published: May 2021

A schematic diagram of pulmonary drug delivery from the DPI formulation, which consists of drug encapsulated in polymer nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are aerosolized using a DPI device and the patient's inspiratory force for lung deposition.
A branch-leaf-like hierarchical self-supporting electrode as a highly efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Yuekun , Yan Gang , Shi Yue , Tan Huaqiao , Li Yangguang
Published: May 2021

A composite electrocatalyst with a branch-leaf-like structure (MoNi4/MoO3−x/NiCo@NF) was prepared, and hydrogen evolution reaction activity was studied.
One-pot surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles using phase-transitioned lysozyme for robust immobilization of enzymes
Authors: Li Ling , Gao Zixi , Zhang Huige , Du Hongying , Ren Cuiling , Qi Shengda , Chen Hongli
Published: May 2021

Enzymes were one-pot immobilized between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and a phase-transitioned lysozyme film, providing a new strategy for enzyme immobilization.
Asymmetric catalytic alkynylation of thiazolones and azlactones for synthesis of quaternary α-amino acid precursors
Authors: Meng Beibei , Shi Qian , Meng Yuan , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Wu Xiaoyu
Published: May 2021

Under 5 mol% of phosphonium salt catalyst derived from chiral amino alcohol, asymmetric alkynylation of thiazolones and azlactones has been developed.
Optimization of metal–organic framework derived transition metal hydroxide hierarchical arrays for high performance hybrid supercapacitors and alkaline Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Wang You , Wang Teng , Lei Jiaqi , Chen Kai-Jie
Published: May 2021

A Setaria viridis-like hierarchical A-Co(OH)2@NiCo-LDH nanoarray has been fabricated and it possesses the advantages of large surface area and stable microstructure, leading to excellent energy storage performances of HSC and AZIB.
Centrosymmetric RbSnF2NO3vs. noncentrosymmetric Rb2SbF3(NO3)2
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Hongmei , Zhang Die , Gao Daojiang , Bi Jian , Huang Ling , Zou Guohong
Published: May 2021

A new UV nonlinear optical fluoride nitrate Rb2SbF3(NO3)2 exhibits a strong SHG response of 2.7 times that of benchmark KDP and an appropriate birefringence of 0.06@1064 nm.
Discovery and heterologous production of sarubicins and quinazolinoneC-glycosides with protecting activity for cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yu Mingming , Luo Jianying , Luo Dan , He Qiang , Yan Yijun , Ji Xu , Huang Sheng-Xiong
Published: May 2021

Glycosylated natural products and their derivatives are important pharmaceutical agents.
Self-assembled luminescent Cu(i) tetranuclear metallacycles based on 3,3′-bipyridine ligands
Authors: Moutier Florent , Schiller Jana , Calvez Guillaume , Lescop Christophe
Published: May 2021

Three luminescent tetranuclear macrocycles are obtained selectively, applying coordination-driven supramolecular processes to the reaction of 3,3′-bipyridine ligand with in situ formed Cu(i) bimetallic units bearing a coordination angle of ca. 120°.
Regioselective cascade annulation of indoles with alkynediones for construction of functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles triggered by Cp*RhIII-catalyzed C–H activation
Authors: Tang Jiaxu , Tang Yuhai , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Yongzhuang , Huang Xiaoli , Xu Silong , Li Yang
Published: May 2021

An efficient regioselective and stereoselective cascade annulation of indoles with alkynediones has been developed for construction of free (NH) tetrahydrocarbazoles with continuous quaternary carbons via Cp*RhIII-catalyzed indole C2–H activation.
Efficient reactive blue 19 decolorization by the comparison of ozonation membrane contacting process and Fenton oxidation
Authors: Khrueakham Anurak , Masomboon Jidapa , Roongruang Jutamat , Sairiam Sermpong
Published: May 2021

The decolorization of Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19) wastewater by an ozonation membrane contactor and Fenton oxidation was studied.
Synergistic absorbents based on SnFe2O4@ZnO nanoparticles decorated with reduced graphene oxide for highly efficient dye adsorption at room temperature
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar , Kuo Kuan-Yi , Lee Jui-Teng , Hsiao Po-Hsuan , Juan Joon Ching , Duong Hong Phan , Chen Chia-Yun
Published: May 2021

Magnetically separable SnFe2O4/ZnO nanoparticles decorated on rGO sheets with remarkable dye adsorption capabilities are demonstrated.
Synchronous oil/water separation and wastewater treatment on a copper-oxide-coated mesh
Authors: Liu Yahua , Xu Peng , Ge Wenna , Lu Chenguang , Li Yunlai , Niu Shichao , Zhang Junqiu , Feng Shile
Published: May 2021

An integrated multifunctional copper-oxide-coated mesh was designed via facile immersing and burning methods, which manifests synchronous oil/water separation and wastewater treatment.
Dendronized oligoethylene glycols with phosphonate tweezers for cell-repellent coating of oxide surfaces: coarse-scale and nanoscopic interfacial forces
Authors: Czajor Julian , Abuillan Wasim , Nguyen Dinh Vu , Heidebrecht Christopher , Mondarte Evan A. , Konovalov Oleg V. , Hayashi Tomohiro , Felder-Flesch Delphine , Kaufmann Stefan , Tanaka Motomu
Published: May 2021

Coarse-scale and nanoscopic interfacial force measurements unraveled how dendronized oligoethylene glycols with phosphonate tweezers prevent non-specific cell adhesion to oxide surfaces.
Long-lived lanthanide emissionviaa pH-sensitive and switchable LRET complex
Authors: Boltersdorf Tamara , Gavins Felicity N. E. , Long Nicholas J.
Published: May 2021

A pH-sensitive luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) was explored as a method to increase photon flux in a terbium-rhodamine-receptor targeting group construct. At low pH, long-lived dye emission and shorter terbium lifetimes were observed.
Decellularized xenogenic cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds for the reconstruction of osteochondral defects in rabbits
Authors: Das Piyali , Mishra Rutusmita , Devi Bavya , Rajesh Kanike , Basak Piyali , Roy Mangal , Roy Partha , Lahiri Debrupa , Nandi Samit Kumar
Published: May 2021

The use of decellularized native allogenic or xenogenic cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterials is widely expanding in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
A versatile, divergent route for the synthesis of ABAC tetraazaporphyrins: molecularly engineered, push–pull phthalocyanine-type dyes
Authors: Güzel Emre , Medina Diana-Paola , Medel María , Kandaz Mehmet , Torres Tomás , Rodríguez-Morgade M. Salomé
Published: May 2021

A method to prepare key synthetic intermediates for ABAB- and ABAC-phthalocyanines and analogues is described. As an illustration, the synthesis of an ABAC-phthalocyanine-type dye, with a donor–π-bridge–acceptor structure, is performed.
Three-dimensional graphene coated shape memory polyurethane foam with fast responsive performance
Authors: Wang Tianjiao , Zhao Jun , Weng Chuanxin , Wang Tong , Liu Yayun , Han Zhipeng , Zhang Zhong
Published: May 2021

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) that change shapes as designed by external stimuli have become one of the most promising materials as actuators, sensors, and deployable devices.
Low phase noise microwave oscillator with greater than 60 dB second‐harmonic suppression
Authors: Xu Jun , Yang Xiuqiang , Chen Yang , Cao Yu , Xiao Fei
Published: May 2021

This study presents a microwave oscillator in which an innovative hybrid microstrip and substrate integrated waveguide filter is proposed for phase noise reduction. By virtue of equivalent circuit, the specific topology of this filter is clearly revealed and verified by both the simulation and the experiment. It can realize a third‐order elliptic bandpass response with two transmission zeros near the passband. Specific phase response can be formed, in which a high group delay can be achieved within a narrow frequency range around the centre frequency. This feature makes the filter performance very flexible for its application in microwave oscillator, and then reduces its phase noise. For demonstration, an oscillator example at 9.0 GHz was deigned, fabricated and measured. The measured phase noise at 100 kHz away from the oscillation frequency is as low as −120.06 dBc/Hz. Furthermore, the proposed oscillator is featured by greater than 60 dB second‐harmonic suppression and at least the third harmonic is suppressed.
A reliability‐based optimal μ‐PMU placement scheme for efficient observability enhancement of smart distribution grids under various contingencies
Authors: Abdolahi Arya , Taghizadegan Navid , Banaei Mohamad Reza , Salehi Javad
Published: May 2021

A reliability‐based optimal μ‐PMU (micro‐phasor measurement unit) placement scheme is suggested for efficient observability enhancement of smart distribution grids at steady‐state and contingencies conditions. This article introduces a unique method for the μ‐PMU allocation in reconfigurable smart distribution grids in which communication system requirements and zero injection nodes (ZINs) are considered. The original objective function and limitations are proposed aiming at minimizing the capital cost, including communication links and installation costs of μ‐PMU, optical power ground wire cost, power losses cost, and reliability cost as well as obtaining the maximum number of measurement redundancy constrained to full system observability in the presence of ZINs and tie switches. The suggested method is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem applied to find optimal μ‐PMU locations considering the cost of communication infrastructure and co‐optimize the system switching plan simultaneously. In this regard, CPLEX—a high‐performance mathematical solver—is used to solve the proposed mixed‐integer linear optimization problem to reach the global optimality. The simulations are performed on 33, 69, and 85‐bus radial distribution networks, and comprehensive simulation studies show the effectiveness of the suggested method.
An aggregator‐based resource allocation in the smart grid using an artificial neural network and sliding time window optimization
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Celik Berk , Suryanarayanan Siddharth , Maciejewski Anthony A. , Siegel Howard Jay , Hansen Timothy M.
Published: May 2021

The success of an efficient and effective aggregator‐based residential demand response system in the smart grid relies on the day‐ahead customer incentive pricing (CIP) and the load shifting protocols. An artificial neural network model is designed to generate the day‐ahead CIP for the aggregator based on historical data. Load scheduling is proposed as a day‐ahead optimization problem that is solved using a blocked sliding window technique using parallel computing. With the assumptions made, the proposed algorithm improved the aggregator performance by reducing the overall simulation time from 275 to 45 min and increasing the aggregator forecast profits and customer savings by 11.85% and 35.99% compared to the previous genetic algorithm‐based approach.
Probing galaxy bias and intergalactic gas pressure with KiDS Galaxies-tSZ-CMB lensing cross-correlations
Authors: Yan Ziang , van Waerbeke Ludovic , Tröster Tilman , Wright Angus H. , Alonso David , Asgari Marika , Bilicki Maciej , Erben Thomas , Gu Shiming , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hinshaw Gary , Koukoufilippas Nick , Kannawadi Arun , Kuijken Konrad , Mead Alexander , Shan HuanYuan
Published: May 2021

We constrain the redshift dependence of gas pressure bias ⟨byPe⟩ (bias-weighted average electron pressure), which characterises the thermodynamics of intergalactic gas, through a combination of cross-correlations between galaxy positions and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect, as well as galaxy positions and the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The galaxy sample is from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS). The tSZymap and the CMB lensing map are from thePlanck2015 and 2018 data releases, respectively. The measurements are performed in five redshift bins withz ≲ 1. With these measurements, combining galaxy-tSZ and galaxy-CMB lensing cross-correlations allows us to break the degeneracy between galaxy bias and gas pressure bias, and hence constrain them simultaneously. In all redshift bins, the best-fit values of ⟨byPe⟩ are at a level of ∼0.3 meV cm−3and increase slightly with redshift. The galaxy bias is consistent with unity in all the redshift bins. Our results are not sensitive to the non-linear details of the cross-correlation, which are smoothed out by thePlanckbeam. Our measurements are in agreement with previous measurements as well as with theoretical predictions. We also show that our conclusions are not changed when CMB lensing is replaced by galaxy lensing, which shows the consistency of the two lensing signals despite their radically different redshift ranges. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using CMB lensing to calibrate the galaxy distribution such that the galaxy distribution can be used as a mass proxy without relying on the precise knowledge of the matter distribution.
Internationale Projekte zur homöopathischen Behandlung von Covid-19
Authors: Gerstenhöfer Anna
Published: May 2021

Covid-19 ist eine globale Herausforderung. Im Folgenden werden 3 Projekte vorgestellt, die durch eine produktive internationale Zusammenarbeit getragen werden: Robbert van Haselen regt das Verfassen von qualitativ hochwertigen Covid-19-Fallberichten (Case Reports) an. Praktische Formularvorlagen helfen bei der Erstellung (HOM-CASE-CARE-Richtlinie, MONARCH-Kriterien). Lex Rutten hat auf die ihm vorliegenden Falldaten das Bayes-Theorem angewandt und auf Basis dieser mathematischen Analyse eine App entwickelt, die schnell und konkret Hinweise zur Arzneiwahl liefern kann. Clificol® (Clinical File Collection) ist eine Onlineplattform zur Sammlung von Falldokumentationen, die die Möglichkeit bietet, unsere klinischen Erfahrungen international auszutauschen. Yvonne Fok berichtet über erste Ergebnisse des dieser Datenbank angegliederten Covid-19-Supportprojekts.
Covid-19 im Lichte chronischer Krankheiten
Authors: Witzig Friedrich
Published: May 2021

Covid-19 ist nach Ansicht des Autors eine harmlose Erkältungskrankheit, denn: Komplikationen sind nicht dem Virus geschuldet, sondern dem Umstand, dass Covid-19 sich mit anderen Krankheiten vermischt. Die „verlarvte“ Syphilis dient dafür als Modell. In dieser Mischform ist Covid-19 schwer zu behandeln. Nosoden erweisen sich für diese Mischformen als ähnlichste Arzneien.
Radioembolization for Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: El-Haddad Ghassan , Strosberg Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using β-emitting yttrium-90 microspheres has been used for decades in patients with liver-dominant unresectable metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (mNETs). TARE is one of the embolotherapies supported by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, among other guidelines, for progressive or symptomatic liver-dominant mNETs. Initial studies with relatively short-term follow-up have indicated that TARE is likely to be at least as effective in controlling symptoms and/or disease progression in the liver as bland or chemoembolization. However, more recent data have shed new light on the risk of long-term hepatotoxicity in patients with mNETs treated with TARE. In this article, we will discuss rationale for TARE, clinical indications, outcomes, and toxicity, as well as new strategies to enhance efficacy of TARE while reducing its toxicity in the treatment of liver-dominant mNETs.
Peripheral and Central Smell Regions in Migraine Patients using Maraş Powder (Smokeless Tobacco): A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation
Authors: Doğan Adil , Bayar Muluk Nuray , Inanç Yılmaz
Published: May 2021

Objective In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of Maraş powder (smokeless tobacco) use on smell regions in migraine patients.

Methods The cranial magnetic resonance imaging images of 58 adult patients were included in this retrospective study. Thirty-eight of them were migraine patients (18 of them using Maraş powder and 20 of them not using Maraş powder) and 20 of them were healthy controls. Bilateral peripheral (olfactory bulb [OB] volume and olfactory sulcus depth) and central smell regions (insular gyrus area and corpus amygdala area) as well as nasal septal deviation were evaluated.

Results In migraine patients (using or not using Maraş powder), OB volumes, and in Maraş powder using migraine patients, corpus amygdala areas were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). In Maraş powder-using migraine patients, left insular gyrus areas of the females were significantly lower than the males (p < 0.05).

Conclusion We concluded that the peripheral smell region of the OB volume decreased in migraine patients (using or not using Maraş powder). However, the central smell region of corpus amygdala area decreased in Maraş powder using migraine patients. Maraş powder usage may increase vascular shrinkage, and the decrease in OB volume and corpus amygdala area becomes prominent. It can be said that Maraş powder usage may cause a size decrease in the peripheral and central smell regions in migraine patients. Therefore, migraine patients and non-migrainous people should be noticed for the harmful effects of Maraş powder on the vascular system and smell system in the aspects of OB volume and corpus amygdala area decrease.
Radioembolization for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Guez David , Sutphin Patrick D. , Ganguli Suvranu
Published: May 2021

The liver is the most common site of metastatic disease in colorectal cancer, and, in the setting of liver-dominant disease, a chief contributor to mortality. Chemotherapy is the backbone of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer; however, the duration of response is limited and resistance to therapy inevitably develops. Radioembolization represents a targeted treatment to the liver which has been studied in first-line, second-line, and in salvage treatment. Therapeutic rationale, outcomes, and prognostic indicators are presented in this systematic review article.