bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Burned-Out CD8+ T-cell Subset Expands in the Tumor Microenvironment and Curbs Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Sanmamed Miguel F. , Nie Xinxin , Desai Shruti S. , Villaroel-Espindola Franz , Badri Ti , Zhao Dejian , Kim Anthony W. , Ji Lan , Zhang Tianxiang , Quinlan Edward , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Han Xue , Vesely Matthew D. , Nassar Ala F. , Sun Jingwei , Zhang Yu , Kim Tae Kon , Wang Jun , Melero Ignacio , Herbst Roy S. , Schalper Kurt A. , Chen Lieping
Published: March 2021

Specific mechanisms by which tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) become dysfunctional remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a two-pronged approach using single-cell mass cytometry and tissue imaging technologies to dissect TILs from 25 patients with resectable and 35 patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identified a burned-out CD8+ TIL subset (Ebo) that specifically accumulated within the tumor microenvironment (TME) but not in adjacent nontumoral tissues. Ebo showed the highest expression of proliferation and activation markers but produced the lowest amount of IFNγ and were the most apoptotic CD8+ TIL subset. Using a humanized patient-derived tumor xenograft model, we demonstrated that Ebo expansion occurred within the TME in a PD-1/B7-H1 pathway-dependent manner. Ebo abundance in baseline tumor tissues was associated with resistance to anti-PD therapy in patients with NSCLC. Our study identifies a dysfunctional TIL subset, with distinct features from previously described exhausted T cells, and implies strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance.

Significance:

We identified a highly proliferative, overactivated, and apoptotic dysfunctional CD8+ tumor-infiltrating subpopulation that is functionally distinct from previously described exhausted T cells. This population is expanded in lung cancer tissues in a PD-1/B7-H1-dependent manner, and its abundance is associated with resistance to cancer immunotherapy, thus becoming a potential tissue biomarker.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601
Large-scale Identification of Clonal Hematopoiesis and Mutations Recurrent in Blood Cancers
Authors: Feusier Julie E. , Arunachalam Sasi , Tashi Tsewang , Baker Monika J. , VanSant-Webb Chad , Ferdig Amber , Welm Bryan E. , Rodriguez-Flores Juan L. , Ours Christopher , Jorde Lynn B. , Prchal Josef T. , Mason Clinton C.
Published: March 2021

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is characterized by detectable hematopoietic-associated gene mutations in a person without evidence of hematologic malignancy. We sought to identify additional cancer-presenting mutations usable for CHIP detection by performing a data mining analysis of 48 somatic mutation landscape studies reporting mutations at diagnoses of 7,430 adult and pediatric patients with leukemia or other hematologic malignancy. Following extraction of 20,141 protein-altering mutations, we identified 434 significantly recurrent mutation hotspots, 364 of which occurred at loci confidently assessable for CHIP. We then performed an additional large-scale analysis of whole-exome sequencing data from 4,538 persons belonging to three noncancer cohorts for clonal mutations. We found the combined cohort prevalence of CHIP with mutations identical to those reported at blood cancer mutation hotspots to be 1.8%, and that some of these CHIP mutations occurred in children. Our findings may help to improve CHIP detection and precancer surveillance for both children and adults.

Significance:

This study identifies frequently occurring mutations across several blood cancers that may drive hematologic malignancies and signal increased risk for cancer when detected in healthy persons. We find clonal mutations at these hotspots in a substantial number of individuals from noncancer cohorts, including children, showcasing potential for improved precancer surveillance.

See related commentary by Spitzer and Levine, p. 192.
Cytokine and Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with HFE-Associated Hereditary Hemochromatosis according to Genetic Profile
Authors: Grønlien Heidi Kristine , Christoffersen Trine Eker , Nystrand Camilla Furlund , Garabet Lamya , Syvertsen Terje , Moe Morten K. , Olstad Ole Kristoffer , Jonassen Christine Monceyron
Published: March 2021

Background: Hemochromatosis gene (HFE)-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by downregulation of hepcidin synthesis, leading to increased intestinal iron absorption. Objectives: The objectives were to characterize and elucidate a possible association between gene expression profile, hepcidin levels, disease severity, and markers of inflammation in HFE-associated HH patients. Methods: Thirty-nine HFE-associated HH patients were recruited and assigned to 2 groups according to genetic profile: C282Y homozygotes in 1 group and patients with H63D, as homozygote or in combination with C282Y, in the other group. Eleven healthy first-time blood donors were recruited as controls. Gene expression was characterized from peripheral blood cells, and inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin-25 isoform were quantified in serum. Biochemical disease characteristics were recorded. Results: Elevated levels of interleukin 8 were observed in a significant higher proportion of patients than controls. In addition, compared to controls, gene expression of ζ-globin was significantly increased among C282Y homozygote patients, while gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8, and other neutrophil-secreted proteins, was significantly upregulated in patients with H63D. Conclusion: Different disease signatures may characterize HH patients according to their HFE genetic profile. Studies on larger populations, including analyses at protein level, are necessary to confirm these findings.
Role of Block Copolymers in Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Malik Sairish , Sundarrajan Subramanian , Hussain Tanveer , Nazir Ahsan , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: March 2021

Research on synthesis, characterization, and understanding of novel properties of nanomaterials has led researchers to exploit their potential applications. When compared to other nanotechnologies described in the literature, electrospinning has received significant interest due to its ability to synthesize novel nanostructures (such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanotubes, etc.) with distinctive properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, porosity, various morphologies such as fibers, tubes, ribbons, mesoporous and coated structures, and so on. Various materials such as polymers, ceramics, and composites have been fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Among them, polymers, especially block copolymers, are one of the useful and niche systems studied recently owing to their unique and fascinating properties in both solution and solid state due to thermodynamic incompatibility of the blocks, that results in microphase separation. Morphology and mechanical properties of electrospun block copolymers are intensely influenced by quantity and length of soft and hard segments. They are one of the best studied systems to fit numerous applications due to a broad variety of properties they display upon varying the composition ratio and molecular weight of blocks. In this review, the synthesis, fundamentals, electrospinning, and tissue engineering application of block copolymers are highlighted.
Looking Ahead: Visual and Anatomical Endpoints in Future Trials of Diabetic Macular Ischemia
Authors: Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Pearce Elizabeth , Fenner Beau , Sen Piyali , Chong Victor , Sivaprasad Sobha
Published: March 2021

Diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) is a common complication of diabetic retinopathy that can lead to progressive and irreversible visual loss. Despite substantial clinical burden, there are no treatments for DMI, no validated clinical trial endpoints, and few clinical trials focusing on DMI. Therefore, generating consensus on validated endpoints that can be used in DMI for the development of effective interventions is vital. In this review, we discuss potential endpoints appropriate for use in clinical trials of DMI, and consider the data required to establish acceptable and meaningful endpoints. A combination of anatomical, functional, and patient-reported outcome measures will provide the most complete picture of changes that occur during the progression of DMI. Potential endpoint measures include change in size of the foveal avascular zone measured by optical coherence tomography angiography and change over time in best-corrected visual acuity. However, these endpoints must be supported by further research. We also recommend studies to investigate the natural history and progression of DMI. In addition to improving understanding of how patient demographics and comorbidities such as diabetic macular edema affect clinical trial endpoints, these studies would help to build the consensus definition of DMI that is currently missing from clinical practice and research.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Cohorts Defined by
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
Versus Diagnosis-Related Groups
Authors: Levy Andrew E. , Hammes Andrew , Anoff Debra L. , Raines Joshua D. , Beck Natalie M. , Rudofker Eric W. , Marshall Kimberly J. , Nensel Jessica D. , Messenger John C. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Pierce Read G. , Allen Larry A. , Ream Karen S. , Ho P. Michael
Published: March 2021

Background:

Among Medicare value-based payment programs for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program uses
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
(
ICD-10
) codes to identify the program denominator, while the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced program uses diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). The extent to which these programs target similar patients, whether they target the intended population (type 1 myocardial infarction), and whether outcomes are comparable between cohorts is not known.

Methods:

In a retrospective study of 2176 patients hospitalized in an integrated health system, a cohort of patients assigned a principal
ICD-10
diagnosis of AMI and a cohort of patients assigned an AMI DRG were compared according to patient-level agreement and outcomes such as mortality and readmission.

Results:

One thousand nine hundred thirty-five patients were included in the
ICD-10
cohort compared with 662 patients in the DRG cohort. Only 421 patients were included in both AMI cohorts (19.3% agreement). DRG cohort patients were older (70 versus 65 years,
P
<0.001), more often female (48% versus 30%,
P
<0.001), and had higher rates of heart failure (52% versus 33%,
P
<0.001) and kidney disease (42% versus 25%,
P
<0.001). Comparing outcomes, the DRG cohort had significantly higher unadjusted rates of 30-day mortality (6.6% versus 2.5%,
P
<0.001), 1-year mortality (21% versus 8%,
P
<0.001), and 90-day readmission (26% versus 19%,
P
=0.006) than the
ICD-10
cohort. Two observations help explain these differences: 61% of
ICD-10
cohort patients were assigned procedural DRGs for revascularization instead of an AMI DRG, and type 1 myocardial infarction patients made up a smaller proportion of the DRG cohort (34%) than the
ICD-10
cohort (78%).

Conclusions:

The method used to identify denominators for value-based payment programs has important implications for the patient characteristics and outcomes of the populations. As national and local quality initiatives mature, an emphasis on
ICD-10
codes to define AMI cohorts would better represent type 1 myocardial infarction patients.
Incident Strokes Among American Indian Individuals With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sanchez José M. , Jolly Stacey E. , Dewland Thomas A. , Tseng Zian H. , Nah Gregory , Vittinghoff Eric , Marcus Gregory M.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

American Indian individuals experience a relatively high risk for cardiovascular disease and have exhibited a higher risk of stroke compared with other racial and ethnic minorities. Although this population has the highest incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with other groups, the relationship between AF and nonhemorrhagic stroke among American Indian individuals compared with other groups has not been thoroughly studied.

METHODS and RESULTS

We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to evaluate risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke among American Indian individuals, with comparisons to White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals, among all adult California residents receiving care in an emergency department, inpatient hospital unit, or ambulatory surgery setting from 2005 to 2011. Of 16 951 579 patients followed for a median 4.1 years, 105 822 (0.6%) were American Indian. After adjusting for age, sex, income level, insurance payer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac surgery, valvular heart disease, chronic kidney disease, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary disease, and alcohol use, American Indian individuals with AF exhibited the highest risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke when compared with either non‐American Indian individuals with AF (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23–1.55;
P
<0.0001) or to each race and ethnicity with AF. American Indian individuals also experienced the highest overall risk for stroke, with no evidence that AF disproportionately heightened that risk in interaction analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

American Indian individuals experienced the highest risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke, whether in the presence or absence of AF. Our findings likely suggest an opportunity to further study, if not immediately address, guideline‐adherent anticoagulation prescribing patterns among American Indian individuals with AF.
Typification of Turraea pulchella (Meliaceae)

Authors: CROUCH NEIL R. , KLOPPER RONELL R.
Published: March 2021

N/A
Liu, Y.L., Zhu, X.X., Peng, Y.L. & Tang M. (2021) Synotis jinshajiangensis (Asteraceae: Senecioneae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 478 (1): 162–170.
Authors: LIU YU-LIN , ZHU XIN-XIN , PENG YU-LAN , TANG MING
Published: March 2021

N/A
Ramos, G.J.P., Santos, M.A. & Moura, C.W.N. (2021) Taxonomic notes on some Cosmarium species (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 483 (3): 291–299.
Authors: RAMOS GERALDO JOSÉ PEIXOTO , SANTOS MARIA APARECIDA DOS , MOURA CARLOS WALLACE DO NASCIMENTO
Published: March 2021

N/A
Taraxacum mirabile, an enigmatic sexual halophilous endemic dandelion, represents a new section

Authors: KIRSCHNER JAN , GÜRDAL BAHAR , ŠTĚPÁNEK JAN , ZEISEK VOJTĚCH
Published: March 2021

Taraxacum mirabile Wagenitz (Asteraceae, Cichorieae, Crepidinae), a remarkable but taxonomically unexplored endemic species of Central Anatolia, is examined in detail. It is shown to be a sexually reproducing diploid (2n=16) species. It used to be included in Taraxacum sect. Orientalia in the literature. However, the nrDNA analysis revealed that T. mirabile is remote from that section. Moreover, it exhibits a number of unique features, such as fleshy leaves with a white, cartilaginous apex, long, dense, bright white tomentum at the plant base, multiple root heads, achenes with an extremely short conical cone and with very few minute spinules, a very narrow involucre with imbricate outer phyllaries, and white, not numerous florets. The most specific feature of T. mirabile is the fine, microscopic sculpture of achene surface, consisting of hair-like protuberances, not known in other Taraxacum species. These attributes, together with the convincing result of the nrDNA analysis, qualify T. mirabile to be recognized as a member of a separate section, T. sect. Echinulata, sect. nov. The habitat and distribution of T. mirabile are described, and the character of its endemism is discussed.
Genetic investigation of three type specimens of Osmundea (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Gulf of California, Mexico and California, USA
Authors: HUGHEY JEFFERY R. , MILLER KATHY ANN
Published: March 2021

The taxonomic status of species assigned to the marine red algal genus Osmundea from Pacific North America has not been critically studied. We analyzed the complete organellar genomes of an isotype specimen of O. sinicola and conducted a genetic comparison of rbcL and COI-5P markers based on 15 specimens of Laurencia scrippsensis, O. crispa, and O. sinicola collected from California, the Gulf of California, and Pacific Baja California, including their type specimens. The mitogenome of O. sinicola was 25,021 bp in length and contained 44 genes, and the plastid genome was 171,419 bp with 225 genes. Both genomes show a high level of gene synteny with previously published organellar chromosomes from the Rhodomelaceae. Phylogenetic analysis of the rbcL and COI-5P genes identified two distinct clades, one containing the isotype of O. sinicola, and the other included the isotype of O. crispa and holotype of Laurencia scrippsensis. These data show that L. scrippsensis is a heterotypic synonym of O. crispa, rather than of O. sinicola. They support the recognition of two species, O. crispa from Monterey, California to Baja California Sur, and O. sinicola from Baja California Sur to the Gulf of California. California specimens identified as O. sinicola are misidentified O. crispa. Reports of O. sinicola from outside this range based on morpho-anatomy require confirmation by DNA sequencing. These genetic results highlight the need further analyses of type material from the Rhodomelaceae.
Elaeocarpus gadgilii (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species from Western Ghats (India)
Authors: MANOHARAN MAYA AMMATHIL , PRABHUKUMAR KONICKAL MAMBETTA , ARJUNAN SUJANA K. , JOSE SOJAN , VEERANKUTTY SURESH
Published: March 2021

Elaeocarpus gadgilii, a new species of Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae) from the southern part of Western Ghats (India) is described. Detailed description, distribution, phenology and photographs are provided. The differences between the new species and the similar E. variabilis Zmarzty and E. serratus L. are also discussed.
Injectable Soft Tissue Nano/Micro Fillers for Facial Reconstruction
Authors: Pan Yue , Hao Ying , Xiao Yao , Shi Kun , Qu Ying , Qian Zhiyong
Published: March 2021

Soft Tissue augmentation is a way to restore lost tissue and also a way to reshape confidence for patients who suffer from soft tissue loss. Materials that can realize such a function are called soft tissue fillers. Among the large number of fillers, injectable fillers have attracted
widespread attention in facial cosmetic fields due to their convenience and competitive performance. Meanwhile, there is a huge demand for better injectable soft tissue fillers in medical cosmetology market. This review introduces several fillers which were once used in clinical or are now
still in use. Furthermore, we update recent improvements and progress on injectable filling materials hoping to contribute to its further developments.
Internet of Things and Cloud Enabled Hybrid Feature Extraction with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis
Authors: Parthiban K. , Venkatachalapathy K.
Published: March 2021

At present times, the diabetic retinopathy (DR) become high and it is required to design an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled DR diagnosis tool to assist the diagnosis process of remote patients. This study designs and develops IoT and cloud computing based Hybrid Feature Extraction (HFE) with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for DR detection and classification model, abbreviated as HFE-ANFIS model. The proposed model initially captures the retinal fundus image of the patient using the IoT enabled head mounted camera and transmit the images to the cloud server, which executes the diagnosis process. The image preprocessing takes place using three stages namely color space conversion, filtering, and contrast enhancement. Next, segmentation process takes place using fuzzy c-means (FCM) model to identify the diseased portions in the fundus image. Then, HFE based feature extraction and ANFIS based classification processes are carried out to grade the different levels of DR. The performance validation of the HFE-ANFIS model takes place against MESSIDOR dataset and the results are investigated under different dimensions. The simulation outcome indicated that the HFE-ANFIS model has offered superior performance to other methods with the maximum average sensitivity of 94.55%, specificity of 96.41%, precision of 94.66% and accuracy of 95.97%.
Implementation of Wind Energy System Using Interleaved Boost Converter and Static Synchronous Compensator
Authors: Sarojini L. , Supraja R. , Hamsadhwani V. , Sathiskumar M.
Published: March 2021

Limited fossil fuel resources and current environmental considerations have created wind energy as the best alternative for spotless renewable source of energy, to replace the conventional sources of energy. The Wind power production has quite a few drawbacks owing in the direction
of the methods used in harnessing wind energy. This paper focuses on the method that decreases the effect of the voltage variability within the grid initiated through uncontrollable imprudent power flow and the output power fluctuation within the grid. This paper gives solution to diminish
the fluctuation that creates unstable voltage across the line by installing such an energy storage device. Reactive power compensation has been mutually implemented to manage the distribution of the reactive power supply across wind farm based power networking through internal Static Synchronous
Compensator (STATCOM). Here, bidirectional interleaved DC/DC-converters and double layer electrical capacitors are used. Therefore the introduction of two different systems, the energy storage systems with interleaved boost unit along with the reactive power mitigation for giant wind farms
was implemented by integrating them into single system to check and review the wind power plant stability management.
An Artificial Bee Colony and Pigeon Inspired Optimization Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm for Twitter Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Kasthuri S. , Jebaseeli A. Nisha
Published: March 2021

Twitter Sentiment Study is a difficult task that comprises the various kind of preprocessing phases, including reduction in dimensionality. The reduction in dimensionality ensures minimum computational complexity and improved performance in the classification course. In Twitter data, each tweet has functionality values that may or may not reflect an individual’s response. As a result, when tweets are signified as feature matrices, many sparse data points are created and possibly overhead and error rates increase in sentiment analysis on Twitter. This paper proposes a novel kind of algorithm as Artificial Bee Colony and Pigeon Inspired Optimization Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm. The ABC-PIO combines with the characteristics that ABC can produce various samples, PIO can reach the best value rapidly and Cauchy perturbation strategy can improve optimal solution. The proposed technique archive Accuracy of 99.01% for Decision tree, 77.34% for Navy Bias and 60.89% Random Forest. The comparative analysis show that the proposed ABC-PIO with Decision tree archive much better results compared to other existing techniques.
A Virtualized Target Queuing Balanced Model Using Vmax/M/G-Load(Min)/Cache-P2λM for Reducing Queuing Time Expectation of Customer Delay Tolerance
Authors: Michael A. Andrew , Thiagarajan M.
Published: March 2021

Queuing theory is a formal mathematical model of late response arrival of customer waiting in various access services, accepting processes management as a whole field. Often multiple server sorting can be used to estimate the number of servers and service rates be high due too lacking
of time, with an average delay sequence in the analysis. Using these sequence models to read more than one sequence during execution approximates system sorting performance. To resolve this problem we modulated the distributed process into Virtualized Target Queuing Balanced Model (VTQBM)
using Vmax/M/G-Load (Min)/Cache-P2λM for reducing queuing time expectation of customer delay tolerance. The Virtual Resource queuing System is optimized with fork-join queue by creating single to multimodal service performance using target request load balancer in a shared
distribution mode. Sorting the request buffer cache is created based on Customer Request Arrival Rate (CRAR) and resource output preferred to check with target rule waiting in the Load balancer. To improve the use of model complex virtual resource sharing shared with customer arrival to Cache
Target Load Allocator (CTLA) on queuing distributed resources, This fork joiner target the service performance to reduce the customer waiting time in queuing and produce outputs can achieve a different parameter input transformation on queuing theory.
ECG Classification Framework for Cardiac Disease Prediction Using Nonlinear Vector Decomposed Neural Network
Authors: Suhail M. Mohamed , Razak T. Abdul
Published: March 2021

Early detection of heart disease may prevent myocardial infarction. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most widely used signal in clinical practice for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. Human interpretation is time-consuming, and long-term
ECG records are difficult to detect in small differences.Therefore, automated recognition of myocardial infarction using a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is the research interest, which can be used effectively to reduce mortality among cardiovascular disease patients. The most important
step in the analysis of complex R-peak/QRS signals using an automated process of ECG signal. To automate the cardiovascular disease detection process, an adequate mechanism is required to characterize ECG signals, which are unknown features according to the similarities between ECG signals.
If the classification can find similarities accurately and the probability of arrhythmia detection increases, the algorithm can become an effective method in the laboratory. In this research work, a new classification strategy is proposed to all the more precisely order ECG signals dependent
on a powerful model of ECG signals. In this proposed method, a Nonlinear Vector Decomposed Neural Network (NVDN) is developed, and its simulation results show that this classifier can isolate the ECGs with high productivity. This proposed technique expands the exactness of the ECG classification
concerning increasingly exact arrhythmia discovery.
Antibacterial Activity of Photocatalytic Metal Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly
Authors: Rivero Pedro J. , Esparza Joseba , San Martín Ricardo , Vitas Ana I. , Fuentes Gonzalo G. , García Jose A. , Rodríguez Rafael
Published: March 2021

This paper reports the use of the Layer-by-Layer self-assembly (LbL) as an efficient technique for the fabrication of thin-films with antibacterial activity. The LbL coatings are composed of a positive polyelectrolyte such as Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and an anionic polyelectrolyte
such as Poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) solution (PSS). In addition, these polyelectrolytes can be also used as an adequate encapsulating agent of specific metal oxide precursors such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles, making
possible the fabrication of hybrid thin films composed of organic polymeric chains related to the polyelectrolytes and inorganic structure associated to the metal oxide nanoparticles. Four different LbL coatings have been fabricated and a comparative study about the resultant topographical,
optical and wettability properties is presented by using light interferometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has been also employed in order to corroborate the presence of metal oxide precursors
inside the polymeric chains of the polyelectrolytes. Finally, the antibacterial tests have demonstrated that LbL coatings composed of metal oxide nanoparticles produce an enhancement in the efficacy and antibacterial activity.
Nanomaterials to Fight Cancer: An Overview on Their Multifunctional Exploitability
Authors: Terracciano Rossana , Demarchi Danilo , Ruo Roch Massimo , Aiassa Simone , Pagana Guido
Published: March 2021

In recent years the worldwide research community has highlighted innumerable benefits of nanomaterials in cancer detection and therapy. Nevertheless, the development of cancer nanomedicines and other bionanotechnology requires a huge amount of considerations about the interactions of
nanomaterials and biological systems, since long-term effects are not yet fully known. Open issues remain the determination of the nanoparticles distributions patterns and the internalization rate into the tumor while avoiding their accumulation in internal organs or other healthy tissues.
The purpose of this work is to provide a standard overview of the most recent advances in nanomaterials to fight cancer and to collect trends and future directions to follow according to some critical aspects still present in this field. Complementary to the very recent review of Wolfram and
Ferrari which discusses and classifies successful clinically-approved cancer nanodrugs as well as promising candidates in the pipeline, this work embraces part of their proposed classification system based on the exploitation of multifunctionality and extends the review to peer-reviewed journal
articles published in the last 3 years identified through international databases.
Anti-Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Nanosystems: A Promising Strategy Against Inflammatory Based Diseases
Authors: Ailuno Giorgia , Zuccari Guendalina , Baldassari Sara , Lai Francesco , Caviglioli Gabriele
Published: March 2021

Inflammation underlays the onset and supports the development of several worldwide diffused pathologies, therefore in the last decades inflammatory markers have attracted a great deal of interest as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Adhesion molecules are membrane proteins expressed
by endotheliocytes and leukocytes, acting as mediators in the process of tethering, rolling, firm adhesion and diapedesis that leads the immune cells to reach an inflamed tissue. Among them, the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 has been investigated as a potential target because of its low constitutive
expression and easy accessibility on the endothelium. Moreover, VCAM-1 is involved in the early stages of development of several pathologies like, among others, atherosclerosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, so a diagnostic or therapeutic tool directed to this protein
would allow specific detection and efficacious intervention. The availability of monoclonal antibodies against VCAM-1 has recently fostered the development of various targeting technologies potentially suitable for imaging and drug delivery in VCAM-1 overexpressing pathologies. In this review
we initially focus on the structure and functions of VCAM-1, giving also a brief overview of antibodies origin, structure and function; then, we summarize some of the VCAM-1 targeting nanosystems based on antibodies, gathered according to the carrier used, for diagnosis or therapeutic treatment
of different inflammatory based pathologies.
Improving the Sensitivity of an Organic Photodetector by Adding a Polar Solvent to the Hole-Transport Layer for Indirect X-ray Detection
Authors: Liu Hailiang , Lee Jehoon , Kang Jungwon
Published: March 2021

In this work, we investigated how the performance enhancement of an organic X-ray detector was improved by adding a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) polar solvent to poly(3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transport layer. The changes in the properties,
such as surface roughness, chemical structure, sheet resistance, and absorbance, of the PEDOT:PSS film caused by the DMSO treatment were examined. The application of DMSO treatment lowered the resistance of the PEDOT:PSS film because of the removal of PSS and the chemical structure change
after DMSO treatment, and thus the transport of light-induced carriers was increased. The organic detector treated with 10 vol% DMSO showed the highest collected current density (CCD) of 357.42 nA/cm2 and highest sensitivity of 2.58 mA/Gy ·cm2, which were 31.88%
and 32.31% higher than the CCD and sensitivity of the detector without DMSO treatment.
Highly Stretchable and Durable Nanocomposite Bow-Tie Antenna for Wearable Application
Authors: Hun Yuk Ji , Kim Inmu , Jin Nam Hyun , Choa Sung-Hoon
Published: March 2021

We present a highly stretchable and compact bow-tie antenna which operates at 5 GHz for wearable applications. The dimensions of the bow-tie antenna were 7.9 mm×17.8 mm. The stretchable antenna was fabricated with a composite mixture of silver flake and polymer binder. The composite
paste was printed on polyurethane and textile using the screen printing technique. The RF performances, stretchability, bendability, and durability of the antennas were evaluated, which are critical requirements in wearable electronics. The stretchable bow-tie antennas showed excellent RF
performances and stretchability up to a stretching strain of 40%. The antennas could be bent up to a bending radius of 20 mm without degrading RF performance. The stretchable antennas also exhibited outstanding mechanical endurance after 10,000 cyclic stretching tests. The antennas were not
affected by the presence of the body and showed very stable RF performances, exhibiting promising results for mobile and wearable applications.
Pulse Electroplating of Ni–W Alloy for the Diffusion Barrier in Under Bump Metallurgy
Authors: Lee Seo-Hyang , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: March 2021

Ni–W alloy was electroplated from citrate bath. The crack-free coatings were obtained using the pulse electroplating method. The surface hardness was increased up to 700 Hv and it is twice as high than that of the electroplated Ni. The surface hardness was increased
as the content of W in the coating increased. However, the higher W contents made surface cracks and the surface hardness was decreased. Ni–W alloy made less intermetallic components (IMC) and the shear force of solder ball was increased as much as 20% compared with conventional Ni plating.
Glucose Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase-Horseradish Peroxidase/Multiporous Tin Oxide (SnO2) Modified Electrode
Authors: Kafi A. K. M. , Bin Kasri Aizam , Jose Rajan
Published: March 2021

The fabrication of a network of glucose oxidase-horseradish peroxidase/tin oxide (GOx-HRP/SnO2), immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its utilization as a biosensor for glucose detection is reported. The network established with GOx-HRP/SnO2 possess
high sensitivity and stability by performing the electrocatalytic features in the sensing of glucose. The turbidity of fabrication had been scanned and analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy. The morphology and composition of the fabricated GOx-HRP/SnO2 networks were characterized by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were employed to study the electrochemical properties of the proposed biosensor. The effect of applied electrode potential and pH were systemically investigated. The biosensor responds to glucose at work potential values
between −400 mV, and exhibited a lower detection limit (0.025 mM) and long linear range (0.25 to 7.0 mM), and was resistant to common interferences.
A Critical Reflexion on Two Conceptual Tools From a Global South Perspective: Réflexion critique sur deux outils conceptuels selon la perspective des pays du sud
Authors: Simaan Juman
Published: March 2021

Background.

Occupational therapy’s conceptual tools need to be considered from Global South perspectives to make them more culturally relevant and safe.

Purpose.

This paper uses an empirical example, and the author’s professional and academic experiences, to analyze the strengths, limitations, and potential refinement of the Critical Thinking Tool (CTT) and the Participatory Occupational Justice Framework (POJF).

Key Issues.

The paper describes processes of critical reflexivity and intercultural translation to compare concepts used in the CTT and POJF with the findings of a study about olive growing in Palestine to consider the applicability of these tools in Global South settings. The CTT should be amended to address collective occupations, and global and historical contexts, and the POJF should embed intercultural translations and solidarity into its philosophy and processes.

Implications.

These refinements would enhance the cultural safety of the CTT and the POJF. Tools in occupational therapy will benefit from more evidence to enhance their global utility in an increasingly interconnected world, in which occupational therapists share the duty to tackle social and occupational injustices.
Gender, Co-Offending, and Recidivism among a Sample of Robbery and Burglary Offenders
Authors: McNeeley Susan
Published: March 2021

This study examines whether several aspects of co-offending are related to recidivism, and whether those relationships are gendered. A sample of 400 people (200 men and 200 women) released from prison after serving sentences for burglary or robbery is used to answer these questions. Results of Cox regression models showed risk of rearrest was lower for those who co-offended, those with more co-offenders, and those who co-offended with romantic partners or family members, while risk of rearrest was higher among those with leadership roles in the offense. However, gender-specific analyses revealed these relationships were only observed among women. The results point to the importance of gender in understanding recidivism and provide insights into effective correctional programming for women.
Depressed mood, associated factors, and understanding of delirium among caregivers of patients with delirium
Authors: Kim Seon-Young , Jhon Min , Kang Hee-Ju , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Sung-Wan , Kim Jae-Min , Shin Il-Seon
Published: March 2021

Objective

Delirium is stressful for both the patient and caregiver. However, caregivers have attracted minimal attention. We here identify depressed moods and associated factors among caregivers and caregiver knowledge of the delirium and non-pharmacological management.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Caregiver and patient demographic characteristics, and patient clinical data, were collected. Caregiver depressed mood was analysed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale (HADS-D). We explored caregiver understanding of delirium and knowledge of non-pharmacological management. We used a multivariate linear regression model to identify factors associated with caregiver depressed mood.

Results

For 224 caregivers, the median (interquartile range) HADS-D score was 8.0 (4.0–11.8). More than half (54.9%) had scores ≥8. Answers to multiple choice questions revealed that delirium was frequently misinterpreted as “anxiety” (25.9%) or “dementia” (25.4%). Of all caregivers, 74% had received no information on non-pharmacological delirium management. Younger age of patient, a longer time from delirium detection to consultation, a patient past history of depression, a spousal relation with the patient, and misinterpretation of delirium as dementia were associated with the depressed mood of caregivers.

Conclusions

The mental health of caregivers of patients with delirium requires more attention; they should be recommended to be informed and educated about delirium. Also, the clinicians need to find an easier term for the delirium to help caregivers understand.
What People Look at in Multimodal Online Dating Profiles: How Pictorial and Textual Cues Affect Impression Formation
Authors: van der Zanden Tess , Mos Maria B. J. , Schouten Alexander P. , Krahmer Emiel J.
Published: March 2021

This study investigates how online dating profiles, consisting of both pictures and texts, are visually processed, and how both components affect impression formation. The attractiveness of the profile picture was varied systematically, and texts either included language errors or not. By collecting eye tracking and perception data, we investigated whether picture attractiveness determines attention to the profile text and if the text plays a secondary role. Eye tracking results revealed that pictures are more likely to attract initial attention and that more attractive pictures receive more attention. Texts received attention regardless of the picture’s attractiveness. Moreover, perception data showed that both the pictorial and textual cues affect impression formation, but that they affect different dimensions of perceived attraction differently. Based on our results, a new multimodal information processing model is proposed, which suggests that pictures and texts are processed independently and lead to separate assessments of cue attractiveness before impression formation.
An analytical method to estimate temperature distribution of typical radiant floor cooling systems with internal heat radiation
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Zhang Wenke , Li Qingqing , Wei Zhenqiang , Lei Wenjun , Zhang Linhua
Published: March 2021

Radiant floor cooling systems are increasingly used in practice. The temperature distribution on the floor surface and inside the floor structure, especially the minimum and average temperature of floor surface, determines the thermal performance of radiant floor systems. A good temperature distribution of the floor structure is very important to prevent occupant discomfort and avoid possible condensation in summer cooling. In this study, based on the heat transfer model of the single-layer homogeneous floor structure when there is no internal heat radiation in the room, this paper proposes a heat transfer model of single-layer floor radiant cooling systems when the room has internal heat radiation. Using separation variable methods, an analytical solution was developed to estimate temperature distribution of typical radiant floor cooling systems with internal heat radiation, which can be used to calculate the minimum temperature and the average temperature of typical composite floor structure. The analytical solution was validated by experiments. The values of the measured experiments are in a good agreement with the calculations. The absolute error between the calculated and the measured floor surface temperatures was within 0.45°C. The maximum relative error was within 2.31%. Prove that this model can be accepted. The proposed method can be utilized to calculate the cooling capacity of a typical multi-layer composite floor and will be developed in the future study for design of a typical radiant floor cooling system.
Romantic attachment and support preferences in new mothers: The moderating role of stress
Authors: McLeod Saul , Berry Katherine , Taylor Peter , Wearden Alison
Published: March 2021

In the present research, we examined whether attachment anxiety and avoidance in support recipients were related to preferences for specific types of support. In addition, we examined whether stress moderated the relationship between attachment and support needs. Two-hundred and forty-five first-time mothers, currently involved in romantic relationships, participated in study 1, in which support needs and stress were appraised over the previous month using self-reports. High levels of attachment avoidance were related to needing less support, but attachment anxiety was not associated with support needs. There was no hyperactivation or deactivation of the attachment system in response to stress. It is possible that recall bias, associated with cross-sectional methods, may have confounded the results. In study 2, we sought to replicate these hypotheses using an ambulatory method to examine the association between attachment and momentary support needs in the daily life of mothers with babies ( N = 40). Results revealed that attachment anxiety was associated with a preference for high levels of momentary support, but attachment avoidance was not related to any support needs. Stress experienced in the moment was found to moderate the relationships between attachment and support needs, with mothers high in anxiety and avoidance needing more support.
No Evidence for an Effect of the Distance Between the Hands on Tactile Temporal Order Judgments
Authors: Manfron Louise , Vanderclausen Camille , Legrain Valéry
Published: March 2021

Localizing somatosensory stimuli is an important process, as it allows us to spatially guide our actions toward the object entering in contact with the body. Accordingly, the positions of tactile inputs are coded according to both somatotopic and spatiotopic representations, the latter one considering the position of the stimulated limbs in external space. The spatiotopic representation has often been evidenced by means of temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks. Participants’ judgments about the order of appearance of two successive somatosensory stimuli are less accurate when the hands are crossed over the body midline than uncrossed but also when participants’ hands are placed close together when compared with farther away. Moreover, these postural effects might depend on the vision of the stimulated limbs. The aim of this study was to test the influence of seeing the hands, on the modulation of tactile TOJ by the spatial distance between the stimulated limbs. The results showed no influence of the distance between the stimulated hands on TOJ performance and prevent us from concluding whether vision of the hands affects TOJ performance, or whether these variables interact. The reliability of such distance effect to investigate the spatial representations of tactile inputs is questioned.
Maternal Dietary Fatty Acids and Their Relationship to Derived Endocannabinoids in Human Milk
Authors: Gaitán Adriana V. , Wood JodiAnne T. , Liu Yingpeng , Ji Lipin , Nikas Spyros P. , Makriyannis Alexandros , Lammi-Keefe Carol J.
Published: March 2021

Background

Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to benefit infant development. After birth, human milk provides arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids to the infant. Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid mediators derived from the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although the roles and the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, previous researchers have suggested that endocannabinoids might play a role in infant feeding behavior.

Research Aims

To assess (i) maternal dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and (ii) their relationship to concentrations of fatty acids and derived endocannabinoids in human milk.

Methods

For this exploratory-longitudinal study, participants ( N = 24) provided dietary intake data and milk samples. Fatty acids and derived endocannabinoids: Arachidonylethanolamide, arachidonoylglycerol, docosahexaenoyl glycerol, eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide, and eicosapenaenoyl glycerol were identified in their milk by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and correlations to dietary fatty acids were assessed.

Results

Participants were not consuming recommended amounts of docosahexaenoic acid. Significant correlations ( p ≤ .05) were only found between dietary docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids and the concentrations of these in human milk. Moreover, only dietary docosahexaenoic acid was correlated ( p = .031) with its corresponding endocannabinoid, docosahexaenoyl glycerol.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this may be one of the first studies evaluating relationships between dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and multiple endocannabinoids in human milk. Our findings suggest that endocannabinoid concentrations could be modulated by dietary precursors. Future research studies can be designed based on these data to better elucidate the roles of endocannabinoids in human milk for infant health and development.