bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggregation of Water Molecules to Phospholipid Head Groups Accompanied with Separation into Water‐ and Polysaccharide‐Rich Phases in Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions
Authors: Yoshida Kazunari , Horii Keitaro , Saito Azusa , Takashima Akito , Nishio Izumi
Published: June 2021

Most organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, are enclosed by biological membranes, although there are some membrane‐less organelles, such as stress granules. The mechanisms by which membrane‐less organelles form and keep their shape are akin to phase separation. Such organelles are located inside cell membranes. However, interactions between cell membranes, phase separations in polymer solutions and lipid head groups, directed towards the inside of the cell have not been investigated. Here we directly observed aqueous hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) droplets coated with lipids in mineral oil during an increase in temperature from 10 °C to 65 °C to elucidate the effect of lipid head groups located at the interfaces on dynamic phase behaviours of HPC solutions encapsulated in the cell‐sized droplets. The water molecules inside the droplets are aggregated to the interfaces during an increase in temperature due to the effect of lipid head groups with the separation into water‐ and HPC‐rich phases.
Electrochemical Polymer Pen Lithography
Authors: Oh EunBi , Golnabi Rustin , Walker David A. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: June 2021

The development of a massively parallel lithographic technique called electrochemical polymer pen lithography is reported. Pyramidal pen arrays, consisting of more than 10 000 hydrogel pens loaded with metal salts, are integrated into a three‐electrode cell and used to locally reduce ions at each pen tip. This system enables high‐throughput patterning of a variety of metallic inks (e.g., Ni2+, Pt2+, Ag+) on the nanometer to micrometer length scale. By incorporating a z‐direction piezo actuator, the extension length and dwell time can be used to precisely define feature dimensions (210 to 10 µm in width, and up to 900 nm in height, thus far). Furthermore, by controlling the potential and precursor concentrations, more than one element can be simultaneously deposited, creating a new tool for the synthesis of alloy features, such as NiCo, which are relevant for catalysis. Importantly, this methodology enables fine control over feature size and composition in a single pattern, which may make it ultimately useful for rapid, high‐throughput combinatorial screening of metallic features.
Broadband impedance spectroscopy of Li4Ti5O12: from nearly constant loss effects to long‐range ion dynamics
Authors: Gadermaier Bernhard , Hogrefe Katharina , Heitjans Paul , Wilkening H. Martin R.
Published: June 2021

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is known as one of the most robust and long‐lasting anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. As yet, the Li‐ion transport properties of LTO are, however, not completely understood. Here, we used broadband impedance spectroscopy spanning a wide temperature range to investigate the full electrical response of LTO over a wide frequency range. It turned out that the isotherms recorded entail information about two relaxation processes. While at high temperatures the isotherms show a frequency independent plateau that corresponds to poor long‐range ion transport (<10−11 S cm−1 (298 K), 0.79 eV), they reveal a second region, seen at lower temperatures and higher frequencies, which we attribute to short‐range ion dynamics (10−8 S cm−1) with a significantly reduced activation energy of ca. 0.51 eV. At even lower temperatures, the isotherms are fully governed by nearly constant loss behavior, which has frequently been explained by cage‐like dynamics. The present results agree with those earlier presented by 7Li NMR spin‐lattice relaxation measurements being sensitive to dynamic processes taking place on quite different length scales. Our findings unveil complex Li+ ion dynamics in LTO and help understand its superior electrochemical properties.
Evaluation eines naturalistischen verhaltenstherapeutischen Rehabilitations-Settings
Authors: Senft Birgit , Fischer-Hansal Daniela , Schosser Alexandra
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund und Zielstellung

Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Psychotherapie wirkt. Sie findet in unterschiedlichsten Settings statt, die Datenlage dazu ist derzeit in Österreich noch ausbaufähig. Verhaltenstherapie stellt im 6‑wöchigen Kurzzeit-Setting der vorgestellten ambulanten medizinisch-psychiatrischen Rehabilitation das zentrale Behandlungselement dar und wird in Hinblick auf Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit evaluiert. Die Bewertung basiert auf „Patient reported Outcomes“. Weil mehr als ¾ der RehabilitandInnen von einer depressiven Erkrankung betroffen sind, wird das Beck Depressionsinventar als primary Outcome gewählt.

Methodik

Die Befragung erfolgt schriftlich bei Behandlungs-Beginn und -Ende sowie ein Jahr danach. Von 837 PatientInnen (64 % weiblich, ø 45,25 Jahre alt) leiden 76,6 % unter einer depressiven Erkrankung, dabei haben 47,2 % einen chronischen und 29,4 % einen nicht-chronischen Verlauf.

Ergebnisse

Differenziert nach Ausgangsbelastung zeigen sich ein Jahr nach Behandlungsende große, aber unterschiedliche Effekte. Bei PatientInnen mit stärkerer Ausgangssymptomatik finden sich größere Effekte. Die Nachhaltigkeit ist jedoch bei chronifizierten PatientInnen etwas geringer. Ein Fünftel der PatientInnen erfüllt bei Behandlungsende und ein Jahr später das Kriterium der klinischen Signifikanz und kann als „geheilt“ klassifiziert werden. Zusätzlich sind am Ende der Behandlung 23 % und ein Jahr später 18 % signifikant gebessert. Bei einem kleinen Teil kommt es zu Verschlechterungen, diesen PatientInnen sollte verstärkt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden.

Fazit

Verhaltenstherapeutische Gruppen- und Einzeltherapien in Kombination mit weiteren therapeutischen Angeboten in der ambulanten psychiatrischen Rehabilitation sind nachhaltig wirksam. Auch wenn ein Jahr nach Ende der Behandlung bei anfangs stark depressiven RehabilitandInnen immer noch große Effekte nachweisbar sind, zeigt sich die dringende Notwendigkeit einer nachfolgenden psychotherapeutischen Begleitung im niedergelassenen Bereich oder im Rahmen der Phase 3 Rehabilitation.
Die Eingangsphase in der ambulanten Gruppentherapie – eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Bischof Hannah , Przyborski Aglaja , Dietrich Günter , Poncioni-Rusnov Vanja , Agner Rudolf
Published: June 2021

Die vorliegende multiparadigmatische und -methodische Pilotstudie widmet sich der Rekonstruktion der gruppentherapeutischen Eingangsphase auf mehreren Ebenen: Zum einen wurden Fallverläufe von etwa 2500 Patient_innen aus der ÖAGG psychotherapeutischen Ambulanz (pta) retrospektiv quantitativ ausgewertet und zwar hinsichtlich der differenzierenden Eigenschaften von patient_innen-, therapeut_innen- und behandlungsspezifischen Variablen. Gruppendiskussionen mit Psychotherapeut_innen der Ambulanz, die dokumentarisch und tiefenhermeneutisch ausgewertet wurden, geben Einblicke in entsprechende Erfahrungen und Interpretationen der Therapeut_innen. Narrative Telefoninterviews mit beteiligten Patient_innen, die ebenso ausgewertet wurden, bilden die Patient_innenperspektive ab.

Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Auswertungen weisen darauf hin, dass eine bestimmte Anzahl an Gruppentherapiestunden notwendig ist, um einen „Therapieerfolg“ zu ermöglichen. Wenn es zu ungeklärten Therapieabbrüchen kommt, so finden diese allgemein sehr früh im Behandlungsverlauf statt. Es zeigen sich Einflüsse des Geschlechterverhältnisses zwischen Therapeut_innen und Patient_innen und komplexe Interaktionseffekte in diesem Bereich. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass junge Patient_innen häufiger vorzeitig die Therapie beenden und dass spezifische Diagnosegruppen sowie die Störungsspezifität der Gruppe die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines frühen Endes beeinflussen. Bezüglich der psychotherapeutischen Methoden des/der Gruppentherapeut_in fanden sich Interaktionseffekte mit dem Patient_innengeschlecht.

Die Auswertungen der Gruppendiskussion mit den Therapeut_innen weisen auf die Relevanz des Gruppenprozesses sowie der Geschlechterverteilung für die Aufnahme neuer Patient_innen hin. Die Auswertung der Interviews mit den Patient_innen lässt erste Ansätze einer Typologie von Patient_innen erkennen, die aus einer Gruppentherapie in der Anfangsphase aussteigen.
Consistent scaling of whole-shoot respiration between Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and trees
Authors: Wang Mofei , Mori Shigeta , Kurosawa Yoko , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Yamaji Keiko , Koyama Kohei
Published: June 2021

Both Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and tree forests have a large biomass; they are considered to play an important role in ecosystem carbon budgets. The scaling relationship between individual whole-shoot (i.e., aboveground parts) respiration and whole-shoot mass provides a clue for comparing the carbon budgets of Moso bamboo and tree forests. However, nobody has empirically demonstrated whether there is a difference between these forest types in the whole-shoot scaling relationship. We developed whole-shoot chambers and measured the shoot respiration of 58 individual mature bamboo shoots from the smallest to the largest in a Moso bamboo forest, and then compared them with that of 254 tree shoots previously measured. For 30 bamboo shoots, we measured the respiration rate of leaves, branches, and culms. We found that the scaling exponent of whole-shoot respiration of bamboo fitted by a simple power function on a log–log scale was 0.843 (95 % CI 0.797–0.885), which was consistent with that of trees, 0.826 (95 % CI 0.799–0.851), but higher than 3/4, the value typifying the Kleiber’s rule. The respiration rates of leaves, branches, and culms at the whole-shoot level were proportional to their mass, revealing a constant mean mass-specific respiration of 1.19, 0.224, and 0.0978 µmol CO2 kg− 1 s− 1, respectively. These constant values suggest common traits of organs among physiologically integrated ramets within a genet. Additionally, the larger the shoots, the smaller the allocation of organ mass to the metabolically active leaves, and the larger the allocation to the metabolically inactive culms. Therefore, these shifts in shoot-mass partitioning to leaves and culms caused a negative metabolic scaling of Moso bamboo shoots. The observed convergent metabolic scaling of Moso bamboo and trees may facilitate comparisons of the ecosystem carbon budgets of Moso bamboo and tree forests.
Towards the Suitability of Information Entropy as an LES Quality Indicator
Authors: Engelmann L. , Ihme M. , Wlokas I. , Kempf A.
Published: June 2021

The Shannon entropy is a rigorous measure to evaluate the complexity in dynamical systems. Shannon entropy can be directly calculated from any set of experimental or numerical data and yields the uncertainty of a given dataset. Originating from information theory, the concept can be generalized from assessing the uncertainty in a message to any dynamical system. Following the concept of ergodicity, turbulence forms another class of dynamical systems, which is generally assessed using statistical measures. The quantification of resolution quality is a crucial aspect in assessing turbulent-flow simulations. While a vast variety of statistical measures for the evaluation of resolution is available, measures closer representing the dynamics of a turbulent systems, such as the Wasserstein metric or the Ljapunov exponent become popular. This study investigates how the Shannon entropy can lead to useful insights in the quality of turbulent-flow simulations. The Shannon entropy is calculated based on distributions, which enables the direct evaluation from unsteady flow simulations or by post-processing. A turbulent channel flow and a planar turbulent jet are used as validation tests. The Shannon entropy is calculated for turbulent velocity- and scalar-fields and correlations with physical quantities, such as turbulent kinetic energy and passive scalars, are investigated. It is shown that the spatial structure of the Shannon entropy can be related to flow phenomena. This is illustrated by the investigation of the entropy of the velocity fluctuations, passive scalars and turbulent kinetic energy. Grid studies reveal the Shannon entropy as a converging measure. It is demonstrated, that classical turbulent-kinetic-energy-based quality measures struggle with the identification of insufficient resolution, while the Shannon entropy has demonstrated potential to form a solid basis for LES quality assessment.
Development and Psychometric Properties of a Computer-Based Standardized Emotional Competence Inventory (MeKKi) for Preschoolers and School-Aged Children
Authors: In-Albon Tina , Shafiei Maxim , Christiansen Hanna , Könen Tanja , Gutzweiler Raphael , Schmitz Julian
Published: June 2021

A computer-based emotional competence inventory for preschoolers and school-aged children (MeKKi) was developed to assess five components of emotional competence: emotion vocabulary, emotion identification (situational, visual, auditory), emotion understanding, emotion expression, and emotion regulation. Validity, reliability, and factor structure were examined in a community sample of 313 preschoolers and school-aged children (164 boys, 145 girls, 4 n.a.) age 4–11 years (M = 6.35 years, SD = 1.85). Item statistics and Cronbach’s α were calculated for the subscales. The unidimensionality of the subscales was additionally tested via item response theory or confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency (α) was overall satisfactory at 0.82, though the consistencies of the Visual and Auditory Emotion Identification subscales were lower. Unidimensionality was demonstrated for all subscales except Emotion Understanding. Results provide support for the use of the MeKKi in research and clinical settings to assess emotional competence.
Cultivating students’ computational thinking through student–robot interactions in robotics education
Authors: Qu Jing Ru , Fok Ping Kwan
Published: June 2021

This research focuses on student–robot interaction in the learning environment of robotics education (RE) and attempts to explore how it cultivates students’ computational thinking (CT). Different from child–robot interactions as investigated in the social robot field, student–robot (S–R) interactions focus mainly on the process of interaction between learners and programmable robot kits in RE settings. At a four-week robotics summer camp in China, mixed-methods research was conducted. Forty primary school students and one dedicated robotics teacher participated in this research, while 32 students and the teacher completed all the lessons and data collection procedures of the summer camp. Results indicated that students’ CT skill increased during the summer camp and that the change in their CT skill was positively correlated to the time spent on S–R interaction. Additionally, how three kinds of S–R interaction—programming-computing, observational investigation, and participatory investigation—cultivated students’ CT were found. Moreover, the hierarchy of three S–R interactions and students’ role-shifting in the hierarchy were discussed. Previous studies rarely discussed S–R interaction; however, this kind of interaction should be explored because it provides more information about students’ natural learning process, which might be meaningful to RE practice.
Does Faith Concordance Matter? A Comparison of Clients’ Perceptions in Same Versus Interfaith Spiritual Care Encounters with Chaplains in Hospitals
Authors: Liefbroer Anke I. , Nagel Ineke
Published: June 2021

In religiously pluralized societies, caregivers frequently care for patients or clients with a religious, spiritual, or secular orientation that differs from their own. Empirical studies exploring the implications of this faith diversity for spiritual care interactions between caregivers and clients are scarce. Some literature suggests that similarities in faith orientation between caregivers and clients relate to better professional caring relationships than encounters with dissimilar faith orientations, while other studies suggest that faith similarities do not relate, or relate only under certain conditions, to the way in which professional caring relationships are perceived. This study supports the second line of thought. Based on a survey among 209 clients and 45 chaplains in hospitals in the Netherlands, it shows that clients in faith-concordant encounters evaluate the spiritual care encounter just as positively as do clients in faith-discordant encounters. This is in line with broader trends of secularization and blurring of boundaries between the religious, spiritual, and secular domains.
A customisable pipeline for the semi-automated discovery of online activists and social campaigns on Twitter
Authors: Primo Flavio , Romanovsky Alexander , de Mello Rafael , Garcia Alessandro , Missier Paolo
Published: June 2021

Substantial research is available on detectinginfluencerson social media platforms. In contrast, comparatively few studies exists on the role ofonline activists, defined informally as users who actively participate in socially-minded online campaigns. Automatically discovering activists who can potentially be approached by organisations that promote social campaigns is important, but not easy, as they are typically active only locally, and, unlike influencers, they are not central to large social media networks. We make the hypothesis that such interesting users can be found on Twitter within temporally and spatially localisedcontexts. We define these as small but topical fragments of the network, containing interactions about social events or campaigns with a significant online footprint. To explore this hypothesis, we have designed an iterative discovery pipeline consisting of two alternating phases of user discovery and context discovery. Multiple iterations of the pipeline result in a growing dataset of user profiles for activists, as well as growing set of online social contexts. This mode of exploration differs significantly from prior techniques that focus on influencers, and presents unique challenges because of the weak online signal available to detect activists. The paper describes the design and implementation of the pipeline as a customisable software framework, where user-defined operational definitions of online activism can be explored. We present an empirical evaluation on two extensive case studies, one concerning healthcare-related campaigns in the UK during 2018, the other related to online activism in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on referral characteristics in a national tertiary spinal injuries unit
Authors: O’Halloran Louis , Ahern Daniel P. , McDonnell Jake M. , Cunniffe Gráinne M. , Dodds Michael K. , Lyons Frank , Cassidy Noelle , Timlin Marcus , Morris Seamus , Synnott Keith , Butler Joseph S.
Published: June 2021

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had profound implications on healthcare institutions.

Aims

This study aims to assess and compare referral patterns during COVID-19 to corresponding dates for the preceding 3 years (2017–2019), in order to preemptively coordinate the logistics of the surgical unit for similar future experiences.

Methods

Retrospective review for our institution, a national tertiary referral centre for spine pathology. Two distinct time-points were chosen to represent the varied levels of social restriction during the current pandemic: (i) study period 1 (SP1) from 11 November 2020 to 08 June 2020 represents a national lockdown, and (ii) study period 2 (SP2) from 09 June 2020 to 09 September 2020 indicates an easing of restrictions. Both periods were compared to corresponding dates (CP1: 11 March–08 June and CP2 09 June–09 September) for the preceding 3 years (2017–2019). Data collected included age, gender, and mechanism of injury (MOI) for descriptive analyses. MOIs were categorised into disc disease, cyclist, road-traffic-accident (RTA), falls < 2 m, falls > 2 m, malignancy, sporting injuries, and miscellaneous.

Results

All MOI categories witnessed a reduction in referral numbers during SP1: disc disease (−29%), cyclist (−5%), RTAs (−66%), falls < 2 m (−39%), falls > 2 m (−17%), malignancy (−33%), sporting injuries (−100%), and miscellaneous (−58%). Four of 8 categories (RTAs, falls < 2 m, malignancy, miscellaneous) showed a trend towards return of pre-lockdown values during SP2. Two categories (disc disease, falls > 2 m) showed a further reduction (−34%, −27%) during SP2. One category (sporting injuries) portrayed a complete return to normal values during SP2 while a notable increase in cyclist-related referrals was witnessed (+ 63%) when compared with corresponding dates of previous years.

Conclusion

Spinal injury continues to occur across almost all categories, albeit at considerably reduced numbers. RTAs and falls remained the most common MOI. Awareness needs to be drawn to the reduction of malignancy-related referrals to dissuade people with such symptoms from avoiding presentation to hospital over periods of social restrictions.
Facial speech processing in children with and without dyslexia
Authors: Galazka Martyna A. , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Sundqvist Maria , Åsberg Johnels Jakob
Published: June 2021

What role does the presence of facial speech play for children with dyslexia? Current literature proposes two distinctive claims. One claim states that children with dyslexia make less use of visual information from the mouth during speech processing due to a deficit in recruitment of audiovisual areas. An opposing claim suggests that children with dyslexia are in fact reliant on such information in order to compensate for auditory/phonological impairments. The current paper aims at directly testing these contrasting hypotheses (here referred to as “mouth insensitivity” versus “mouth reliance”) in school-age children with and without dyslexia, matched on age and listening comprehension. Using eye tracking, in Study 1, we examined how children look at the mouth across conditions varying in speech processing demands. The results did not indicate significant group differences in looking at the mouth. However, correlation analyses suggest potentially important distinctions within the dyslexia group: those children with dyslexia who are better readers attended more to the mouth while presented with a person’s face in a phonologically demanding condition. In Study 2, we examined whether the presence of facial speech cues is functionally beneficial when a child is encoding written words. The results indicated lack of overall group differences on the task, although those with less severe reading problems in the dyslexia group were more accurate when reading words that were presented with articulatory facial speech cues. Collectively, our results suggest that children with dyslexia differ in their “mouth reliance” versus “mouth insensitivity,” a profile that seems to be related to the severity of their reading problems.
Biology, geometry and information
Authors: Jost Jürgen
Published: June 2021

The main thesis developed in this article is that the key feature of biological life is the a biological process can control and regulate other processes, and it maintains that ability over time. This control can happen hierarchically and/or reciprocally, and it takes place in three-dimensional space. This implies that the information that a biological process has to utilize is only about the control, but not about the content of those processes. Those other processes can be vastly more complex that the controlling process itself, and in fact necessarily so. In particular, each biological process draws upon the complexity of its environment.
Does visual saliency affect decision-making?
Authors: Milutinović Goran , Ahonen-Jonnarth Ulla , Seipel Stefan
Published: June 2021

In the present study, we explore potential effects of visual saliency on decision quality in context of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). We compare two visualization techniques: parallel coordinates (PC) and scatterplot matrices (SPM). We investigate the impact of saliency facilitated by means of either color or size. The saliency and visualization techniques were factors in our analysis, and effects were evaluated in terms of decision quality, attention, time on task, and confidence. Results show that the quality of choice and attention were comparable for all saliency conditions when SPM was used. For PC, we found a positive effect of color saliency both on the quality of choice and on attention. Different forms of saliency led to varying times on task in both PC and SPM; however, those variations were not significant. A comparison of PC and SPM shows, users spent less time on the task, obtained better decision quality, and were more confident with their decision when using PC. To summarize, our findings suggest that saliency can increase attention and decision quality in MCDM for certain visualization techniques and forms of saliency. Another contribution of this work is the novel suggestion of the method to elicit of users’ preferences; its potential benefits are discussed in the end of the paper.

Graphic abstract
Floods as shapers of Dutch cultural identity: media, theories and practices
Authors: Jensen Lotte
Published: June 2021

This article offers a theoretical framework which can be used to study processes of national identity formation through the lens of nature-induced disasters, such as floods. Firstly, it discusses the current state of affairs in historical disaster studies and shows how this field may be enriched by adapting the concept of the ‘imagined community’ developed in nationalism studies. It furthermore combines insights and concepts from literary studies, cultural studies and memory studies. Secondly, it applies this framework to Dutch history, by discussing the role of flood narratives in shaping a national identity. Studying the Dutch representations of flood disasters illustrates how the nation’s identity was shaped by the cultural media that communicated these events. They made use of a recurrent set of tropes, which linked the emergence of national identity to the capacity for coping with floods. This was articulated in a narrative framework, which consisted of standard ingredients, such as the such as the highlighting of horrific events, miraculous rescues, and God’s providence. Furthermore, authors foregrounded the involvement of Dutch kings and queens during flood disasters, and framed of the Dutch as being charitable by nature. The analysis of a wide range of media (stories, poems, treatises) shows how processes of national identity formation were shaped in cultural discourses in the aftermath of disasters, a process that is still going on.
The experimental verification of the multi-fuel IC engine concept with the use of jet propellant-8 (JP-8) and its blends with pure rapeseed oil
Authors: Pawlak Grzegorz , Płochocki Patryk , Simiński Przemysław , Skrzek Tomasz
Published: June 2021

The paper presents some research results to recognize the possibility of realization of the idea of a multi-fuel IC engine. Future construction is planned as a flexible solution for military or special purpose transport means and emergency power generation. The proposed engine would utilize compression ignition mode for combustion of high reactive fuels (JP-8, diesel oil, etc.) or spark ignition mode for gasoline or other low reactive fuels. Practical implementation of the idea requires that highly reactive fuels be burned efficiently at a low compression ratio suitable for both engine modes. For the test diesel oil, JP-8 and its blends with pure rapeseed oil were chosen as easily accessible fuels. The experiment was carried out on naturally aspirated and supercharged AVL research engine with a common rail system and compression ratio CR = 12. The elaborated, unified injection strategy that synchronized the main dose injection timing with the start of the second stage of homogeneous mixture combustion was checked in practice. The proposed injection strategy applied for CI engine with the low compression ratio enabled efficient combustion and comparable, relatively high engine performance for all tested fuels.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Child and Adolescent Psychology: a Narrative Review
Authors: Civilotti Cristina , Margola Davide , Zaccagnino Maria , Cussino Martina , Callerame Chiara , Vicini Alessia , Fernandez Isabel
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is recognized as an excellent approach to the treatment of trauma in clinical and academic contexts by several national and international organizations. The purpose of this work is to summarize the results of research on EMDR therapy with children and adolescents in various contexts through a narrative review of the scientific literature.

Recent findings

Selected studies were clustered in several clinical domains: (1) EMDR and trauma (T), (2) EMDR and violence, (3) EMDR and physical illnesses, and (4) EMDR and psychological problems. Our research indicates how the effectiveness of EMDR therapy within the context of child and adolescent psychology has been widely established in literature. One of the advantages of the use of EMDR therapy with children and adolescents is its flexibility, which allows it to be adapted for various age ranges, situations, and cultures.

EMDR therapy is a structured psychotherapeutic method that facilitates the treatment of several psychopathologies and problems related to both traumatic events and more common experiences that are emotionally stressful for children and adolescents, although new studies are necessary to increase its validity.
Influence of age on postural control during dual task: a centre of pressure motion and electromyographic analysis
Authors: Roma Enrico , Gobbo Stefano , Bullo Valentina , Spolaor Fabiola , Sawacha Zimi , Duregon Federica , Bianchini Gioia , Doria Eleonora , Alberton Cristine Lima , Bocalini Danilo Sales , Cugusi Lucia , Di Blasio Andrea , Ermolao Andrea , Bergamin Marco
Published: June 2021

Background

Dual task influences postural control. A cognitive task seems to reduce muscle excitation during a postural balance, especially in older adults (OA).

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of three cognitive tasks on muscle excitation and static postural control in OA and young adults (YA) in an upright posture maintenance task.

Methods

31 YA and 30 OA were evaluated while performing a modified Romberg Test in five different conditions over a force plate: open eyes, closed eyes, spatial-memory brooks’ test, counting backwards aloud test and mental arithmetic task. The surface electromyographic signals of Tibialis anterior (TA), Lateral Gastrocnemius (GL), Peroneus Longus (PL), and Erector Spinae (ES) was acquired with an 8-channel surface electromyographic system. The following variables were computed for both the electromyographic analysis and the posturographic assessment: Root mean square (RMS), centre of pressure (CoP) excursion (Path) and velocity, sway area, RMS of the CoP Path and 50%, 95% of the power frequency. Mixed ANOVA was used to detect differences with group membership as factor between and type of task as within. The analysis was performed on the differences between each condition from OE.

Results

An interaction effect was found for Log (logarithmic) Sway Area. A main effect for task emerged on all posturographic variables except Log 95% frequencies and for Log PL and ES RMS. A main effect for group was never detected.

Discussion and conclusion

This study indicates a facilitating effect of mental secondary task on posturographic variables. Non-silent secondary task causes increase in ES and TA muscle activation and a worsening in static postural control performance.
Diffuse Cortical Dysplasia in the Donor of Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Following Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation: A Case Report
Authors: Miyana Kaori , Hayakawa Itaru , Muromoto Jin , Ayumi Matsumoto , Muramatsu Kazuhiro , Kubota Masaya
Published: June 2021

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe gestational complication due to an imbalance of blood flow between monochorionic diamniotic twins. TTTS can cause brain damage, most commonly ischemic lesions, but there are only a few reports of cortical dysplasia. We report the case of a TTTS donor twin with diffuse cortical dysplasia. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation was performed at 18 weeks of gestation, and no abnormalities were noted in the subsequent course of the pregnancy; however, infantile spasms developed at 4 months after birth, and brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse cortical dysplasia. It was bilateral and widespread. A genetic abnormality was suspected, but no pathogenic mutation was detected. Hypoperfusion may have altered the expression of guidance factors, resulting in abnormal cortical formation.
Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction in Quadruplets: Perinatal Outcome—Analysis of 20 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Dasgupta Sujoy , Mukherjee Kanchan , Ghosh Kusagradhi
Published: June 2021

High order multiple pregnancy (HOMP) is defined as presence of three or more fetuses in utero. These pregnancies are often met with increased maternal and perinatal complications. The incidence of HOMP has been rising considerably with increasing usage of assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) is a standard procedure aimed to minimise maternal–fetal complications by converting high order multiples into twins or singletons. While the procedure has been well researched in triplets, literature is sparse for quadruplets. This is a case series of 20 consecutive cases of MFPR followed up till delivery. All procedures were performed between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation (mean 11.9+/- 0.94) in a dedicated fetal medicine unit by a single operator through transabdominal route. The primary outcome measure was to assess procedure related miscarriage. The study also looked at neonatal outcomes at delivery and various maternal complications like antepartum hemorrhage (APH) and prelabour premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). There was no pregnancy loss before 24 weeks but the rate of preterm delivery was very high (90%). Only two out of 20 women were delivered after 37 weeks. All (100%) ended in live births. There were two cases of neonatal deaths where one twin died from each pair. The mean birthweight (+/- SD) was 1754.75 (+/- 514.75) g (range 700–2600 g). Quadruplet pregnancies can happen with fertility treatment. Transabdominal MFPR in the first trimester is a safe procedure for quadruplets.
Securing Participant Engagement in Longitudinal Substance Use Disorder Recovery Research: A Qualitative Exploration of Key Retention Factors
Authors: Svendsen Thomas Solgaard , Veseth Marius , McKay James R. , Bjornestad Jone , Erga Aleksander Hagen , Moltu Christian , Nesvåg Sverre
Published: June 2021

The longitudinal cohort study is the gold standard in observational epidemiology. A central challenge with this design is the risk of attrition over time, especially in studies of inaccessible clinical populations, such as individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). Research on individuals who have achieved stable substance use abstinence and functional recovery is scarce. 30 participants from a longitudinal cohort study (the Stayer study), were interviewed concerning their experiences of participation over several years to explore retention factors. Interviewers with first-hand experience of recovery from SUD conducted the interviews. Data were analyzed using a thematic analytic approach within an interpretative–phenomenological framework. The analyses yielded the following themes: (1) Individuals’ substance use: adaptation to slips and relapses in treatment and research, (2) “Show that you care”: Developing working relationships in research with study participants by negotiating expectations flexibly, and (3) “You don’t just make dropouts”: A long-term focus on study participation and treatment can increase retention. Several factors were perceived as relevant to participation in a long-term follow-up study with diverse recovery routes, including working research relationships and explicit contracts allowing follow-up participation, even during periods of drug use. Longitudinal studies could benefit from including such factors in the tracking procedures in addition to more traditional tracking techniques. Clinical services could benefit from developing interventions that use knowledge of long-term recovery processes as non-linear, heterogeneous trajectories, and proactive approaches to motivate recovery.
Don’t Jump on the Bandwagon: Negative Effects of Sharewashing
Authors: Lehr Adrian , Büttgen Marion , Bartsch Silke
Published: June 2021

Access-based service usage, or simply “sharing”, is an emerging consumption trend many companies pursue. As various firms seek to exploit this trend, however, consumers might not perceive these companies’ services to be adequate, especially if they misleadingly present traditional marketplace exchanges (e.g., car renting) as sharing. This paper explores potential consequences of such forms of deceptive communication. Drawing on the concept of greenwashing and on consumer skepticism research, we introduce the concept of sharewashing, which we define as misleading communication that erroneously asserts a firm’s offer as part of the sharing economy. To identify the underlying mechanism as well as the consequences of these deceptive practices, this research refers to three experimental studies. The results reveal negative effects of sharewashing on subsequent usage intentions, compared to both sharing and renting offers. Consumer skepticism mediates the effect between the type of offering and usage intention when a sharing offer is compared to a sharewashing offer, and it leads to lower perceived attractiveness and decreasing recipients’ information seeking tendencies regarding the sharewashing offer. However, this mechanism does not hold true if a rental offer is compared to a sharewashing offer, which indicates a different underlying mechanism. From the findings we derive several implications for companies and propose future research directions.
Chronic restraint stress induces changes in the cerebral Galpha 12/13 and Rho-GTPase signaling network
Authors: Rafa-Zabłocka Katarzyna , Zelek-Molik Agnieszka , Tepper Beata , Chmielarz Piotr , Kreiner Grzegorz , Wilczkowski Michał , Nalepa Irena
Published: June 2021

Background

Evidence indicates that Gα12, Gα13, and its downstream effectors, RhoA and Rac1, regulate neuronal morphology affected by stress. This study was aimed at investigating whether repeated stress influences the expression of proteins related to the Gα12/13 intracellular signaling pathway in selected brain regions sensitive to the effects of stress. Furthermore, the therapeutic impact of β(1)adrenergic receptors (β1AR) blockade was assessed.

Methods

Restraint stress (RS) model in mice (2 h/14 days) was used to assess prolonged stress effects on the mRNA expression of Gα12, Gα13, RhoA, Rac1 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP) and amygdala (AMY). In a separate study, applying RS model in rats (3–4 h/1 day or 14 days), we evaluated stress effects on the expression of Gα12, Gα11, Gαq, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rac1/2/3 in the HIP. Betaxolol (BET), a selective β1AR antagonist, was introduced (5 mg/kg/p.o./8–14 days) in the rat RS model to assess the role of β1AR in stress effects. RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used for mRNA and protein assessments, respectively.

Results

Chronic RS decreased mRNA expression of Gα12 and increased mRNA for Rac1 in the PFC of mice. In the mice AMY, decreased mRNA expression of Gα12, Gα13 and RhoA was observed. Fourteen days of RS exposure increased RhoA protein level in the rats’ HIP in the manner dependent on β1AR activity.

Conclusions

Together, these results suggest that repeated RS affects the expression of genes and proteins known to be engaged in neural plasticity, providing potential targets for further studies aimed at unraveling the molecular mechanisms of stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases.
Fueling Mexico
Authors: Vergara Germán
Published: June 2021

Around the 1830s, parts of Mexico began industrializing using water and wood. By the 1880s, this model faced a growing energy and ecological bottleneck. By the 1950s, fossil fuels powered most of Mexico's economy and society. Looking to the north and across the Atlantic, late nineteenth-century officials and elites concluded that fossil fuels would solve Mexico's energy problem and Mexican industry began introducing coal. But limited domestic deposits and high costs meant that coal never became king in Mexico. Oil instead became the favored fuel for manufacture, transport, and electricity generation. This shift, however, created a paradox of perennial scarcity amidst energy abundance: every new influx of fossil energy led to increased demand. Germán Vergara shows how the decision to power the country's economy with fossil fuels locked Mexico in a cycle of endless, fossil-fueled growth - with serious environmental and social consequences.
Chairman Mao's Children
Authors: Xu Bin
Published: June 2021

In the 1960s and 1970s, around 17 million Chinese youths were mobilized or forced by the state to migrate to rural villages and China's frontiers. Bin Xu tells the story of how this 'sent-down' generation have come to terms with their difficult past. Exploring representations of memory including personal life stories, literature, museum exhibits, and acts of commemoration, he argues that these representations are defined by a struggle to reconcile worthiness with the political upheavals of the Mao years. These memories, however, are used by the state to construct an official narrative that weaves this generation's experiences into an upbeat story of the 'China dream'. This marginalizes those still suffering and obscures voices of self-reflection on their moral-political responsibility for their actions. Xu provides careful analysis of this generation of 'Chairman Mao's children', caught between the political and the personal, past and present, nostalgia and regret, and pride and trauma.
Trees in the Religions of Early Medieval England
Authors: Bintley Michael D. J.
Published: June 2021

Trees were of considerable importance in Anglo-Saxon religion, both Christian and pre-Christian. This book considers various ways in which trees featured in both, and how they helped to mediate the transition between the two. It argues that trees retained certain symbolic characteristics in Anglo-Saxon belief because of their importance to both heathens and Christians, notably the life-sustaining abundance of the earth. Archaeological, historical and textual evidence is used to present a comprehensive picture. Michael D.J. Bintley is Senior Lecturer in Medieval English Literature at Christ Church University, Canterbury.
Representing Beasts in Early Medieval England and Scandinavia
Authors: Adams Noel , Baker John , Brunning Sue , Chardonnens László Sándor , Hooke Della , Lacey Eric , North Richard , Osborn Marijane , Symons Victoria
Published: June 2021

For people in the early Middle Ages, the earth, air, water and ether teemed with other beings. Some of these were sentient creatures that swam, flew, slithered or stalked through the same environmentsinhabited by their human contemporaries. Others were objects that a modern beholder would be unlikely to think of as living things, but could yet be considered to possess a vitality that rendered them potent. Still others were things half glimpsed on a dark night or seen only in the mind's eye; strange beasts that haunted dreams and visions or inhabited exotic lands beyond the compass of everydayknowledge. This book discusses the various ways in which the early English and Scandinavians thought about and represented these other inhabitants of their world, and considers the multi-facetednature of the relationship between people and beasts. Drawing on the evidence of material culture, art, language, literature, place-names and landscapes, the studies presented here reveal a world where the boundaries between humans, animals, monsters and objects were blurred and often permeable, and where to represent the bestial could be to hold a mirror to the self. Michael Bintley is Senior Lecturer in Medieval Literature at Canterbury Christ Church University; Thomas Williams is a doctoral researcher at UCL's Institute of Archaeology. Contributors: Noel Adams, John Baker, Michael D. J. Bintley, Sue Brunning, László Sándor Chardonnens, Della Hooke, Eric Lacey, Richard North, Marijane Osborn, Victoria Symons, Thomas J. Williams
Sacred Fictions of Medieval France
Authors: Boulton Maureen Barry McCann
Published: June 2021

A study of the immensely popular lives 'of Christ and the Virgin in medieval France.'
Seasons in the Literatures of the Medieval North
Authors: Langeslag Paul S.
Published: June 2021

To the cultures of medieval northwestern Europe, the changing of the seasons was a material and economic reality that strongly informed the labour, travel and ritual calendars. However, while there has been much research into the interplay between society and its physical surroundings as reflected in medieval literature, the seasonal aspect of this dynamic has hitherto been neglected.
This book analyses the narrative and psychological functions of seasonal settings in the literatures of medieval England and Iceland from the eighth to the fourteenth century, from Beowulf to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Dealing with both the material realities and the figurative functions of the seasonal cycle, it interprets seasonal spaces in myth and literature as conventionalised environments, where society deals with outside threats and powers which manifest themselves in marginal landscapes. Informing its literary investigations with relevant concerns from economic history, patristic doctine and decision theory, this book offers a comprehensive new look at the pyschology of landscape and season in medieval literature; it also brings out beliefs concerning the seasons and their connections with the supernatural.
P. S. Langeslag is a lecturer of Medieval English Studies at the University of Göttingen, Germany.
Nature: An English Literary Heritage
Authors: Addyman Marie
Published: June 2021

A journey through texts on, about, or reflecting our experience of the natural world.
Is there a Deduction in Hegel's Science of Logic?
Authors: Cooper-Simpson Charlie
Published: June 2021

Robert Pippin's recent study of Hegel's Logic, Hegel's Realm of Shadows, argues that we should read Hegel as rejecting the need for a Transcendental Deduction in logic because he takes Hegel, in the Phenomenology of Spirit, to have ruled out the scepticism that motivates Kant's Deduction. By contrast, I argue, we cannot understand what Pippin calls the ‘identity’ of logic and metaphysics in the Science of Logic unless we see how Hegel does provide a kind of Deduction argument in the Logic, albeit one stripped of the psychologism present in the Kantian version. Accordingly, I provide a sketch of what such an ‘absolute’ Deduction must look like, and argue that Hegel's presentation of the ‘absolute idea’ functions as the conclusion of such an argument.
Mapping Senufo: Reframing Questions, Reevaluating Sources, and Reimagining a Digital Monograph
Authors: Gagliardi Susan Elizabeth , Petridis Constantine
Published: June 2021

Mapping Senufo: Art, Evidence, and the Production of Knowledge– an in-progress, collaborative, born-digital publication – will offer a model for joining theories about the construction of identities and the politics of knowledge production with research and publication practice. In this article, we examine how computational methods have led us to reframe research questions, reevaluate sources, and reimagine the form of a digital monograph. We also demonstrate how our use of digital technologies, attention to iteration, and collaborative mode of working have generated fresh insights into a corpus of arts identified as Senufo, the nature of evidence for art-historical research, and digital publication. We posit that the form of a digital publication itself can bring processes of knowledge construction to the fore and unsettle expectations of a tidy, authoritative narrative.