bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berpikir Kritis dalam Keperawatan sebagai Solusi Peningkatan Self Confidence di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Siregar Anita Denike
Published: September 2019

AbstrakTulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran akan pentingnya berpikir kritis dalam keperawatan yang ditinjau dengan upaya pendalaman pemahaman tentang berpikir kritis dalam keperawatan serta penerapannya untuk klien di rumah sakit,sehingga perawat dapat memutuskan dan melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan yang tepat kepada pasien. Asuhan keperawatan yang dilakukan oleh perawat berdasarkan kajian berpikir kritis juga seyogianya akan meningkatkan rasa percaya diri (Self Confidence) dalam diri Klien,baik Pasien maupun keluarga pasien sehingga perawat tidak hanya memiliki peran membantu penyembuhan namun lebih kepada peningkatan kenyamanan pasien di rumah sakit.Berdasarkan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu metode analisis data,peneliti berusaha menelaah kembali tentang pembelajaran Berpikir kritis dalam keperawatan sehingga memperoleh manfaat: 1) Perawat dapat lebih mengerti arti berpikir kritis sesungguhnya, 2)mengetahui apa saja metode dalam berpikir kritis dan 3)mengenal karakteristik berpikir kritis serta 4) mengetahui penerapan berpikir kritis dan dampaknya terhadap rasa kepercayaan diri klien.Kata kunci : Berpikir kritis,Keperawatan,Self Confidence
BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM MELAKUKAN PENGKAJIAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Saputri Febbyola Alyu
Published: September 2019

Berpikir kritis merupakan suatu proses berpikir yang dimana menantang individu untuk menggali lebih dalam tentang informasi yang didapatkan. Pengkajian yaitu mengumpulan data klien secara jelas, sistematis dan terperinci yang dimana supaya seorang perawat mampu memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang tepat. Berpikir kritis dalam melakukan pengkajian keperawatan merupakan sebuah proses berpikir yang menggunakan analisis terhadap suatu informasi yang didapat dari klien maupun keluarga klien pada saat seorang perawat melakukan pengkajian keperawatan.
SCIENCEPRENEURSHIP MAHASISWA PRODI IPA PADA MATA KULIAH PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI DASAR
Authors: Fawaida Ulya
Published: September 2019

Pada era yang terus berkembang mahasiswa dituntut berdaya kreatif dan inovatif serta, dapat menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan untuk mengurangi angka pengangguran. Pada penelitian ini dosen berusaha menumbuhkan minat berwirausaha mahasiswa dengan menggunakan pendekatan sciencepreneurship pada mata kuliah Praktikum Biologi Dasar. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan data kuantitatif yang di prosentasekan kemudian dianalisis dan dinarasikan. Populasi pada penelitian ini mahasisa Tadris IPA kelas A dan kelas B yang datanya diambil secara acak, terdiri dari 25 mahasiswa. Pendekatan sciencepreneurship dapat diterapkan pada materi biotekonologi konvensional yaitu pada pembuatan tempe dan yogurt. Pada pendekatan pembelajaran ini memberikan pengalaman yang bermanfaat diantaranya selalu berpikir positif, bekerja keras dan cerdas, kerjasama tim, berfikir kritis, sikap pantang menyerah, kreatif, membuktikan proses sains dan fakta lapangan serta, menumbuhkan minat menjadi seorang entrepreur.
Modelling multi-modal integration -- The case of the McGurk effect
Authors: Tomaschek Fabian , Duran Daniel
Published: September 2019

The McGurk effect is a well known perceptual phenomenon in which listeners perceive [da], when presented with visual instances of [ga] syllables combined with the audio of [ba] syllables. However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the McGurk effect from the perspective of two learning theories – the Exemplar theory and Discriminative Learning. We hypothesized that the McGurk effect arises from distributional differences of the [ba, da, ga] syllables in a lexicon of a given language. We tested this hypothesis using computational implementations of these theories, simulating learning on the basis of lexica in which we varied the distributions of these syllables systematically. These simulations support our hypothesis. For both learning theories, we found that the probability of observing the McGurk effect in our simulations was greater, when lexica contained a larger percentage of [da] and [ba] instances. Crucially, the probability of the McGurk effect was inversely proportional to the percentage of [ga], what ever the percentage of [ba] and [da]. To validate our results, we inspected the distributional properties of [ba, da, ga] in different languages for which the McGurk effect was or was not previously attested. Our results mirror the findings for these languages. Our study shows that the McGurk effect – an instance of multi-modal perceptual integration – arises from distributional properties in different languages and thus depends on language learning.
A dimensional summation account of polymorphous category learning
Authors: Wills Andy , Ellett Lyn , Milton Fraser , Croft Gareth , Beesley Tom
Published: September 2019

Polymorphous concepts are hard to learn, and this is perhaps surprising because they, like many natural concepts, have an overall similarity structure. However, the dimensional summation hypothesis (Milton & Wills, 2004) predicts this difficulty. It also makes a number of other predictions about polymorphous concept formation, which are tested here. In Experiment 1 we confirm the theory's prediction that polymorphous concept formation should be facilitated by deterministic pretraining on the constituent features of the stimulus. This facilitation is relative to an equivalent amount of training on the polymorphous concept itself. In Experiments 2--4, the dimensional summation account of this single feature pretraining effect is contrasted with some other accounts, including a more general strategic account (Experiment 2), seriality of training and stimulus decomposition accounts (Experiment 3), and the role of errors (Experiment 4). The dimensional summation hypothesis provides the best account of these data. In Experiment 5, a further prediction is confirmed --- the single feature pretraining effect is eliminated by a concurrent counting task. The current experiments suggest the hypothesis that natural concepts might be acquired by the deliberate serial summation of evidence. This idea has testable implications for classroom learning.
Hierarchical composition in complex object drawing
Authors: Makuuchi Michiru
Published: September 2019

Symbolic behaviours such as language, music, drawing, dance, etc. are unique to humans and are found universally in every culture on earth1. These behaviours operate in different cognitive domains, but they are commonly characterised as linear sequences of symbols2,3. One of the most prominent features of language is hierarchical structure4, which is also found in music5,6 and mathematics7. Current research attempts to address whether hierarchical structure exists in drawing. When we draw complex objects, such as a face, we draw part by part in a hierarchical manner guided by visual semantic knowledge8. More specifically, we predicted how hierarchical structure emerges in drawing as follows. Although the drawing order of the constituent parts composing the target object is different amongst individuals, some parts will be drawn in succession consistently, thereby forming chunks. These chunks of parts would then be further integrated with other chunks into superordinate chunks, while showing differential affinity amongst chunks. The integration of chunks to an even higher chunk level repeats until finally reaching the full object. We analysed the order of drawing strokes of twenty-two complex objects by twenty-five young healthy adult participants with a cluster analysis9 and demonstrated reasonable hierarchical structures. The results suggest that drawing involves a linear production of symbols with a hierarchical structure. From an evolutionary point of view, we argue that ancient engravings and paintings manifest Homo sapiens’ capability for hierarchical symbolic cognition.
Public Childcare Expansion and Changing Gender Ideologies of Parents in Germany
Authors: Zoch Gundula , Schober Pia S.
Published: September 2019

This study investigates whether the expansion of public childcare in Germany has been associated with an individual-level change in parents’ gender ideologies. We extend the literature by developing and testing a theoretical framework of the short-term impact of family policy institutions on attitude change over the life course. The analysis links the German Family Panel pair-fam (2008 to 2015) with administrative records on childcare provision at county-level and applies fixed-effects panel models. Our findings show that the childcare expansion has been associated with moderate changes towards less traditional gender ideologies only among mothers in West Germany and mostly so among mothers without a college degree. Surprisingly, in East Germany, we found tentative evidence of more traditional gender ideologies among mothers without a college degree as the childcare reform unfolded. The results provide evidence that policy reforms may alter gender ideologies also in the short-term over the life course.
An Extended Dual-Process Model of Entertainment Effects on Political Information Processing and Engagement
Authors: Schneider Frank M. , Bartsch Anne , Leonhard Larissa
Published: September 2019

This chapter reviews the controversial relationship of entertainment and political communication and presents a theoretical framework to integrate seemingly contradicting concepts and research findings. On the one hand, concerns have been raised about the decay of news quality and political culture due to the growing influence of entertainment media. On the other, researchers have highlighted the potential of entertainment in terms of audience interest, cognitive accessibility, and public outreach. A literature overview shows theoretical and empirical support for both sides of the controversy about the (dys-)functionality of entertainment in political communication. Therefore, in an attempt to reconcile the divergent findings, the chapter presents an extended dual-process model of entertainment effects on political information processing and engagement. This framework offers substantial extensions to existing dual-process models of entertainment by conceptualizing the effects of entertainment on different forms of political engagement that have not been incorporated so far.
Association of Hypertension and Ischaemic ECG Changes in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rai Chandra Kala , Poudel Nimesh
Published: September 2019

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders to the current generation. It usually leads to multi-system­ic complications such as cardiovascular diseases, proteinuria, micro albumin­uria, retinopathy, hypertension, ischaemic changes and chronic kidney disease. These complications increase the morbidity and mortality of patients. The pro­longed hyperglycemia leads to vascular damage. It causes insufficient blood flow to the cardiac muscles which may cause myocardial or cardiac ischaemia. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypertension and isch­aemic ECG changes in T2DM patients attending Kathmandu Medical College.

Methods: Total 360 type 2 diabetic patients were included. Blood pressure was measured and electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded by 12 leads ECG. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.88 ± 1.52 years, age ranging from 40 – 95 years. In this study 168 patients (46.66%) had systolic hyperten­sion, 204 patients (56.67%) had diastolic hypertension and 126 (35%) had both systolic and diastolic hypertension. About 103 (28.61%) showed ECG changes in hypertensive patients. Only 4 (1.11%) non- hypertensive had ECG changes. This study showed statistically significant relation of hypertension and isch­aemic ECG changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases with p- value 0.03.

Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of hypertension among T2DM pa­tients. In these patients, there is a statistically significant association between hypertension and ischaemic ECG changes.
Prevalence of Coracoclavicular Joint in Patients Visiting Radio-Diagnosis Department at College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan
Authors: Pandit Ruku , Shrestha Sunara , Sharma Nitasha
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Coracoclavicular joint (CCJ) is a true synovial joint between su­perior surface of coracoid process of scapula and conoid tubercle of clavicle. The radiological prevalence of CCJ in various population ranges 0.55% to 21%. The CCJ are mostly discovered incidentally and is rarely associated with any symptom. Sometimes it may present with shoulder pain, limitation of shoulder movement, upper limb paresthesia and osteoarthritis of itself or adjacent ac­romioclavicular joint. Hence, this study is aiming to determine the prevalence of anomalous CCJ in patient visiting department of Radio-diagnosis in College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal and to observe association of CCJ with laterality, sides and gender.

Methods: A total of 1936 digital chest x-rays films were observed for the pres­ence of CCJ, out of which 1097 images were of male and 839 of females. Age of study population ranged from 3 to 90 years. The data obtained were analyzed using Stastical Package for Social Science version (SPSS) 16.0. The prevalence of CCJ was calculated. The cases with CCJ were further analyzed to evaluate the association of CCJ with laterality, sidedness and gender using Chi-square for one-dimensional “goodness of fit” test. Chi-square of Independence was em­ployed to compare the various parameters (laterality and side) with genders.

Results: The prevalence of CCJ was 4.6%. CCJ was more frequently observed in male (67.42%) than female (32.57%). Unilateral occurrence of CCJ (55.06%) was slightly more than bilateral (44.94%). Gender difference was not signifi­cantly associated with laterality and sidedness of joint (p<0.05). The incidence of CCJ was more in second decade of life in both male and female.

Conclusion: CCJ is not rare, hence, knowledge of presence of CCJ as an etiol­ogy of shoulder pain is essential for rational therapy and will prevent misdiag­nosis.
Les peintures de Mar Élias en-Nahr à Kfar QAHEL (Liban) du XIIIe siècle. Étude iconographique et interprétation
Authors: Nasr Rafca Youssef
Published: September 2019

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier les peintures absidales de Mar-Élias-en-Nahr à Kfar Qahel au Liban, et de les corréler avec le lieu et les circonstances dans lesquels elles ont été insérées et visualisées. Il s’agit de placer ces images sacrées dans leur contexte initial d’utilisation, en clarifiant leur valeur liturgique et en évaluant leur rattachement au sacrement de l’église, autrement dit, à la fonction première du lieu.
Gender and Parenting Difficulty of the First-Born: Implications for Parity Progression among Japanese Couples
Authors: Fuse Kana
Published: September 2019

This study explores possible implications of gender and parenting difficulty of the first-born child on parity progression among parents in Japan, a country with widespread daughter preference. Past research reveals that having a child of the less preferred gender is associated with a higher probability of a subsequent birth and a shorter birth interval if couples choose to have an additional child. Therefore, having a child of the less preferred gender (boy) may be associated with a higher probability of another birth and a shorter birth interval in Japan. But difficult parenting experience with the first-born is also known to affect fertility negatively. Boys are considered more difficult to raise than girls as they are more prone to illness and injuries, physically active, and require parental attention. Hence, parents of first-born sons may rather hesitate or postpone having another child. Using the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of children born in 2001 in Japan, this study explores these explanations. Results from discrete-time event history analysis to examine transition to a second birth among parents of first-born children surveyed reveal that gender of the first-born did not affect parity progression. Regardless of the gender, parents with difficult first-borns were less likely to have another child. Findings highlight the importance of continued policy efforts aimed at addressing parenting concerns and burden.
Null controllability of a penalized Stokes problem in dimension two with one scalar control
Authors: Bárcena-Petisco Jon Asier
Published: September 2019

In this paper we consider a penalized Stokes equation defined in a regular domain [Formula: see text] and with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that our system is null controllable using a scalar control defined in an open subset inside Ω and whose cost is bounded uniformly with respect to the parameter that converges to 0.
Thermoelasticity of Moore–Gibson–Thompson type with history dependence in the temperature
Authors: Conti Monica , Pata Vittorino , Quintanilla Ramon
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we consider a thermoelastic model where heat conduction is described by the history dependent version of the Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation, arising via the introduction of a relaxation parameter in the Green-Naghdi type III theory. The well-posedness of the resulting integro-differential system is discussed. In the one-dimensional case, the exponential decay of the energy is proved.
Effect of output parameters of electromagnetic anti-fouling technology
Authors: Liu Bingcheng , Liu Ning , Wang Shaoyi , Jia Wenguang
Published: September 2019

Magnetic induction intensity and current are crucial factors to determine the effect of electromagnetic anti-fouling technology (EAFT). For getting the current value in the coil which was tightly wrapped around the PVC pipe, the inductance and equivalent resistance of the coil was measured by LCR meter, and the current in the circuit of the anti-fouling system was obtained by Ohm’s law. The magnetic induction intensity in the solenoid centre can be calculated by Faraday’s law. The purpose of the experiment was to find the optimal output parameters of EAFT and explored the anti-fouling effect. Therefore, we established an experimental platform to optimize the output parameters and explore the effect of different output frequency on solution conductivity and particle diameter. Through experiments, it’s found that current in the coil was reduced with increasing frequency, the number of turns and the diameter. As the frequency and diameter increase, the magnetic induction intensity reduced, and the turns basically no impact on the magnetic induction intensity. The hardness solution of 10 mol ⋅ m−3 (as CaCO3) is treated by four different frequencies electromagnetic field shows that the lower the frequency, the greater decrease in conductivity and the greater increase in particle size, that phenomenon verifying that the higher current and stronger magnetic field intensity has a better anti-fouling effect.
Introduction of Network-Based Healthcare at Kaiser Permanente
Authors: Rompen Lonneke , de Vries Nienke M. , Munneke Marten , Neff Carolyn , Sachs Todd , Cedrone Steve , Cheves Jason , Bloem Bastiaan R.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Early 2014, Kaiser Permanente decided to adopt an innovative model for network-based allied healthcare for persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD), based on the principles of the Dutch ParkinsonNet.

Objective:

We present the interventions that were performed to implement this method at Kaiser Permanente and we show the first outcomes based on these interventions.

Methods:

In this study, 57 physical therapists, 18 speech therapists and 20 occupational therapists, as well as 13 medical centers across the state of California were included. Nine interventions were performed more or less simultaneously, including training and education of healthcare providers and patients, a train the trainer curriculum, organizing IT, streamlining referral processes and building networks.

Results:

At the start, less than 30% of the patients within the Southern California Region received specialized allied health treatment (consisting of, i.e., gait training, voice training or guidance in activities of daily life). After one year, almost 55% of patients received specialized allied health treatment. In the second year, this number increased to just under 67%, suggesting a sustained concentration of care (the second core component of networked care). This can be seen as a first indicator for successful implementation of the ParkinsonNet network at Kaiser Permanente.

Conclusions:

The importance of these findings lies in the fact that a healthcare innovation that proved effective in one country can be transferred successfully to another country and to another healthcare system.
Biotinidase deficiency in a newborn
Authors: El Moussaoui S. , Bennaoui F. , El Idrissi Slitine N. , Houcar O. , Maoulainine F.M.R.
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Biotinidase deficiency is an inherited disorder of biotin metabolism that is untreated may present within the first few month of life.

OBJECTIVE:

We report the exceptional observation of a biotinidase deficiency in Morocco. The rarity of this pathology, its age of onset, its mode of revelation and the lack of treatment in Morocco make the particularity of this observation.

OBSERVATION:

A newborn child born from a 24-year-old mother, followed by an estimated pregnancy of 37 weeks of amenorrhea according to the Farr score (morphological maturation score used for the dating of the pregnancy term). The infant presented at 7 days of life with a cutaneous-mucous eruption with icithiosic dry erythroderma of interest to the trunk, the face, the scalp associated with alopecia and depilation of the eyebrow. The biotinoidase deficiency was confirmed by its low serum concentration at 49 nka / l. The newborn died at 20 days of life before starting the specific treatment.

CONCLUSION:

Biotinidase deficiency is a rare condition requiring early screening and rapid management. The delay in diagnosis and the unavailability of treatment in Morocco can have fatal consequences.
Peran Nahdatul Ulama (Nu) dalam Pembangunan Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Nofialdi Nofialdi
Published: September 2019

Dalam memberikan fatwa, sebagian ulama Indonesia telah membentuk organisasi dan tiap-tiap organisasi memiliki majlis atau lajnah yang bertugas merespon masalah-masalah yang berkembang di masyarakat. Di antara lembaga Ijtihad Ormas Islam di Indonesia adaiah: (1) Majlis Tarjih Muhammadiyah; (2) Bahsul Masa’il NU; (3) Majlis Fatwa Mathla’ul Anwar; (4) Dewan Hisbah Persis; dan (5) Komisi Fatwa MUl.  Pola ijtihad yang dilakukan oleh NU adalah pola bermadzhab, baik bermadzhab secara qauli maupun manhaji. Akan tetapi sebenarnya, mayoritas ulama NU hanya memegang dan mempelajari manhaj imam Syafi’i. Hal ini terlihat dalam kepustakaan mereka dan kurikulum pesantren yang diasuhnya. Kitab-kitab seperti Waraqat, Hujjah al-Wushul, Lam'u al-Jawami’, al-Mushtasyfa, al-Asybah wan al-Nazha’ir dan lain-lain banyak dijumpai pada koleksi kepustakaan mereka dan dibaca (diajarkan) di beberapa pesantren. Perkembangan Hukum Islam di Indonesia tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kontribusi NU sebagai salah satu institusi/ Ormas Islam yang diakui dan diikuti pandangan hukumnya. Hal ini diperkuat sebuah lembaga yang dibentuk oleh NU yang bertugas khusus dalam pengkajian hukum Islam dan pemberi fatwa yaitu bahsul masa’il. Walaupun terdapat banyak perbedaan dalam masalah hukum dengan institusi lain seperti Muhammadiyah, NU sampai sekarang masih tetap bertahan (survive) berkontribusi dalam hukum Islam di Indonesia
Otomasi Greenhouse Berbasis Mikrokomputer RASPBERRY PI
Authors: Cobantoro Adi Fajaryanto , Setyawan Mohammad Bhanu , Budi Wibowo Miftahudin Agung
Published: September 2019

Masuknya era revolusi industri, banyak terjadi antropogenik. Salah satu penyebab dari ketidak seimbangan ekologis yaitu minimnya penghijauan di lingkungan perkotaan.Kondisi lingkungan merupakan hal utama tercapainya hasil produksi. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang tanaman adalah suhu dan kelembapan, dalam hal ini untuk mencapai suhu dan kelembapan yang di inginkan sangatlah sulit serta sulit di kendalikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Seakan suhu serta kelembapan tersebut membatasi produksi pertanian. Dari permasalahan yang ada maka dapat membangun prototype greenhouse bisa mengontrol suhu dan kelembapan secara otomatis sesuai kondisi sebenarnya pada tanaman. Untuk mencapai kondisi tersebut menggunakan sistem kontrol yang mengendalikan suhu dan kelembapan secara otomatis. Sistem bekerja sesuai nilai yang telah di tentukan kemudian nilai dibandingkan dengan sensor DHT22 untuk mengukur kelembapan udara dan YL-69 sebagai pengontrol kelembapan tanah dan sebagai pengontrol penyiraman tanaman secara otomatis. Pengujian prototype dilakukan menggunakan sebuah komputer dan mikrokontroler rassperry pi dengan cara menyambungkan kabel UTP ke raspberry pi ke laptop dengan koneksi sharing internet. Prototype bisa berjalan dan dapat dikontrol melalui telegram.
Juvenile Delinquency dalam Bentuk Penyalahgunaan Narkoba
Authors: Fraghini Chitra
Published: September 2019

Adolescents are the next generation for building the nation. Therefore, the juvenile delinquency against drug abuse increasingly from time to time, become one of concern to the government. The Causes factors of drug abuse by adolescents like as the miss of parenthood, the absence of empowerment by parents, the environment, peers. Parenthood plays an important role in preventing juvenile delinquency in the form of drug abuse. Lack of religiosity and moral ethics causes the adolescents to act brutally, lack of self-control also makes adolescents so vulnerable and the end they falling into a drug abuse trap. The social environment that does not support the growth of adolescents is the other factor that makes adolescently vulnerable to falling into drug use. One effort to overcome juvenile delinquency problems against drug abuse is still being carried out by related parties. One of the efforts is eradicated its circulation. But if it is not supported by the environment, drug problems will continue to run rampant and damage the adolescents.
The Cycle of Transparency, Accountability, Corruption, and Administrative Performance: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi Bich
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates the correlation amongst transparency, accountability, corruption, and public administration performance in Vietnam using data from the Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index survey in 2012. The Generalised Canonical Analysis is applied to evaluate the meaning of the ‘Don’t Know’ answer which often exists in response to questions on perception of corruption. The results reveal that ‘Don’t Know’ implies corruption. The paper then, shows that a high level of transparency is accompanied with a low level of perception of corruption while impacts of accountability on corruption are mixed. Furthermore, corruption is a critical factor that deteriorates the administration performance whereas transparency and accountability are ineffective in being translated into the quality of administrative services. The results raise the need to closely examine the de-facto forms of transparency and accountability as well as the political will in the fight against corruption to improve the quality of public administrative services in Vietnam.
Adaptive Ground Control System of Multiple-UAV Operators in a Simulated Environment
Authors: Lim Hyung-Jin , Choi Seong-Hwan , Oh Jangjin , Kim Byoung Soo , Kim Seungkeun , Yang Ji Hyun
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: In the present study, an Adaptive Ground Control System for Multiple-UAV Operator Workload Decrement (AGCS) has been developed and the effectiveness of the system has been analyzed using eye-tracking and task performance data. The AGCS contained four more functions
than the conventional GCS (CGCS) functions. The functions were based on real-time operator gaze information, multiple UAV operational state, and mission state information to help safe and efficient multiple UAV operation.METHODS: A total of 30 volunteers participated in the human-in-the-loop
experiment to compare the performances of the newly developed AGCS and CGCS while executing reconnaissance and strike missions by operating multiple UAVs.RESULTS: According to the results, the AGCS demonstrates a statistically significant increase in mission performance, such as
the mission completion rate (M = 97.3 vs. M = 95.4; SD = 3.1 vs. SD = 4.9) and mission success rate (M = 90.4 vs. M = 88.4; SD = 5.7 vs. SD = 5.6). In addition, the subjects’ pupil diameter and gaze indicator show significant differences in the direction of workload reduction (α
= 0.05). The subjects expressed positive opinions about using the AGCS.DISCUSSION: The originally developed AGCS showed a promising future extension based on the experimental data. After completion of the experiment, domain experts were interviewed and the next version will reflect
their opinion.Lim H-J, Choi S-H, Oh J, Kim BS, Kim S, Yang JH. Adaptive ground control system of muliple-UAV operators in a simulated environment. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(10):841–850.
Follow-Up of Blebs and Bullae in Pilots 40 Years and Older Using CT
Authors: Bang Sangheum , Yang Solmon , Cho Seong Whi , Kim Dong Hyeon , Kang Hohyung
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Preventive treatment for incidentally detected blebs or bullae is required for fast jet pilots, but their aeromedical risk is not clearly proven.METHODS: This is a retrospective study and includes 46 pilots 40 yr and older with incidentally detected emphysema-like
changes (ELCs) comprising blebs or bullae in low-dose chest CT (LDCT) during health screening. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed imaging features. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-tests and bivariate analysis.RESULTS: Among 46 pilots, 39 pilots flew
fast jet aircraft and 7 pilots flew nonfast jet aircraft. The mean follow-up period was 1531 d and the LDCT follow-up interval mean period was 424.4 d. There was no evidence of rupture in incidentally detected ELCs during the follow-up period. The mean size of the ELCs was 19.15 mm. There
were five cases showing changes in size. There was a statistically significant correlation between the size of ELCs and height. There were no statistically significant differences in the size or number of ELCs relating to smoking status or aircraft type, and there were no statistically significant
correlations between the size or number of ELCs and multiple factors, including smoking quantity, flight time, age, BMI, and weight.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the aeromedical safety of incidentally detected ELCs in pilots 40 yr and older without underlying lung disease.
The results indicate no need for recommending preventive treatment for ELCs in pilots 40 yr and older, even those flying fast jet aircraft, as a requisite to continue their flight duties. KEYWORDS: bleb, bulla, pilot, CT.Bang S, Yang S, Cho SW, Kim DH, Kang H. Follow-up
of blebs and bullae in pilots 40 years and older using CT. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(10):867–871.
Generalized Epileptic Seizure Induced by the Stroboscopic Effect of Helicopter Blades
Authors: Corgie Laëtitia , Huiban Nicolas , Quesnel Laetitia , Brocq François-Xavier , Boulard Jean-François , Monteil Marc
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: The stroboscopic effect made by helicopter blades passing through rays of sunlight is known as a factor that can induce an epileptic seizure.CASE REPORT: We report a case of inaugural tonic-clonic generalized seizure while refueling an NH 90 helicopter
by an aeronautical technician standing under the rotating main rotor on a sunny day at a South of France naval air station. The stroboscopic effect of the helicopter blades was identified as one of the factors involved in the induction of this seizure.DISCUSSION: This aeronautical
factor identified here during ground hot refueling must be considered for patients predisposed to epileptic seizures who are being evacuated by helicopter, but also for the medical screening of flight members. This is even more important within the military aeronautical environment, justifying
electroencephalogram testing implementation on initial aeronautical medical evaluation in France.Corgie L, Huiban N, Quesnel L, Brocq F-X, Boulard J-F, Monteil M. Generalized epileptic seizure induced by the stroboscopic effect of helicopter blades. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019;
90(10):891–895.
Medication Adverse Reaction, Risk Stratification (MAR2S) Model
Authors: Cronrath Corey M. , Klick Matthew P. , Merfeld Chad M. , Gaydos Steven J.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: A fundamental responsibility of aerospace medicine is the analysis and mitigation of the human component’s risk to the aviation system. Medications are part of this risk mitigation process and are present within a multitude of work environments, including aviation.
For example, during fiscal year (FY) 2013–2015, the Army Aeromedical Activity (AAMA) received 8596 medication waiver requests. During this same time period the U.S. Army Medical Department’s Patient Administration Systems and Biostatistics Activity reported the organization prescribed
over 187,668 prescriptions for opioids, 133,475 prescriptions for SSRIs, 116,649 prescriptions for muscle relaxants, and 71,723 prescriptions for hypnotics to its active duty soldiers in the outpatient setting.METHODS: A conceptual model to mitigate the risk of adverse reactions
to medications by severity score was developed based off the methodology published by Prudhomme et al.RESULTS: The mean severity score of the 50 historically safe medications in the Army aviation community is 7346. The standard deviation of the population is 7300. The difference
between safe and unsafe drugs determined by subject matter experts (SME) is highly significant when tested with the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test.CONCLUSION: The visual representation of the data from this conceptual model clearly demonstrates room for improvement from current
methods. Historically, utilizing SME opinion has created a system with deficiencies related to high variance, inconsistencies, and perceived ambiguity. There is need for a model addressing adverse drug reactions that has concrete strengths of transparency, simplicity, and speed of use.Cronrath
CM, Klick MP, Merfeld CM, Gaydos SJ. Medication Adverse Reaction, Risk Stratification (MAR2S) model. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(10):896–900.
Integration of a Vestibular Model for the Disorientation Research Device Motion Algorithm Application
Authors: Dixon Jordan B. , Etgen Cortland A. , Horning Dain S. , Clark Torin K. , Folga Richard V.
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: Spatial disorientation (SD) remains a leading cause of Class A mishaps and fatalities in aviation. Motion-based flight simulators and other research devices provide the capacity to rigorously study SD in order to develop effective countermeasures. By applying mathematical
models of human orientation perception, we propose an approach to improve control algorithms for motion-based flight simulators to study SD.METHODS: The Disorientation Research Device (DRD), or the Kraken™, is the Department of Defense’s newest and most capable aerospace
medicine motion-based research device. We implemented an “Observer” model for predicting aircrew spatial orientation perception within the DRD, and perceptions experienced in flight. Further, we propose a framework that uses the model output, in addition to pilot control inputs,
to optimize multiaxis motion control including human-in-the-loop control capability.RESULTS: A case study was performed to demonstrate the functionality of the framework. Additionally, the case study highlights both how limitations of human perception are crucial to consider when
designing motion algorithms, and the challenges of effective flight simulation with multiple motion axes.DISCUSSION: We implemented a mathematical model for spatial orientation perception to improve the design of control algorithms for motion-based flight simulators, using the DRD
as an example application. We provide an example of predicting perceptions, producing quantitative information on the efficacy of motion control algorithms. This mathematical model based approach to validating motion control algorithms aims to improve the fidelity of ground-based SD research.Dixon
JB, Etgan CA, Horning DS, Clark TK, Folga RV. Integration of a vestibular model for the Disorientation Research Device motion algorithm application. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(10):901–907.
Deleuze's Three Syntheses Go to Hollywood: The Tripartite Cinema of Time Travel, Many Worlds and Altered States
Authors: Deamer David
Published: September 2019

What is called “time travel” cinema is but one aspect in a tripartite series of interweaving modes of disjunctive narration which is also – simultaneously – a cinema of “many worlds” and “altered states”. Exploiting Gilles Deleuze's three syntheses of time, space, and consciousness from Difference and Repetition (1968) allows a conceptual development of these cinematic series through three popular Hollywood film cycles beginning with Planet of the Apes (Franklin J. Schaffner, 1968), The Terminator (James Cameron, 1984), and Back to the Future (Robert Zemeckis, 1985). In so doing, film and philosophy are deployed as two series which together create inexhaustible atemporal, aspatial, and ahuman disjunctions, ungrounding everyday spatio-temporal identities, and affirming productive images of cinematic thought.
Real-Time Conveyor Belt Deviation Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network
Authors: Zeng Chan , Zheng Junfeng , Li Jiangyun
Published: September 2019

The conveyor belt is an indispensable piece of conveying equipment for a mine whose deviation caused by roller sticky material and uneven load distribution is the most common failure during operation. In this paper, a real-time conveyor belt detection algorithm based on a multi-scale feature fusion network is proposed, which mainly includes two parts: the feature extraction module and the deviation detection module. The feature extraction module uses a multi-scale feature fusion network structure to fuse low-level features with rich position and detail information and high-level features with stronger semantic information to improve network detection performance. Depthwise separable convolutions are used to achieve real-time detection. The deviation detection module identifies and monitors the deviation fault by calculating the offset of conveyor belt. In particular, a new weighted loss function is designed to optimize the network and to improve the detection effect of the conveyor belt edge. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the Canny algorithm, FCNs, UNet and Deeplab v3 networks are selected for comparison. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 78.92% in terms of pixel accuracy (PA), and reaches 13.4 FPS (Frames per Second) with the error of less than 3.2 mm, which outperforms the other four algorithms.
Design, Implementation, and Operation of a Small Satellite Mission to Explore the Space Weather Effects in LEO
Authors: Fajardo Isai , Lidtke Aleksander , Bendoukha Sidi , Gonzalez-Llorente Jesus , Rodríguez Rafael , Morales Rigoberto , Faizullin Dmytro , Matsuoka Misuzu , Urakami Naoya , Kawauchi Ryo , Miyazaki Masayuki , Yamagata Naofumi , Hatanaka Ken , Abdullah Farhan , Rojas Juan , Keshk Mohamed , Cosmas Kiruki , Ulambayar Tuguldur , Saganti Premkumar , Holland Doug , Dachev Tsvetan , Tuttle Sean , Dudziak Roger , Okuyama Kei-ichi
Published: September 2019

Ten-Koh is a 23.5 kg, low-cost satellite developed to conduct space environment effects research in low-Earth orbit (LEO). Ten-Koh was developed primarily by students of the Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech) and launched on 29 October 2018 on-board HII-A rocket F40, as a piggyback payload of JAXA’s Greenhouse gas Observing Satellite (GOSAT-2). The satellite carries a double Langmuir probe, CMOS-based particle detectors and a Liulin spectrometer as main payloads. This paper reviews the design of the mission, specifies the exact hardware used, and outlines the implementation and operation phases of the project. This work is intended as a reference that other aspiring satellite developers may use to increase their chances of success. Such a reference is expected to be particularly useful to other university teams, which will likely face the same challenges as the Ten-Koh team at Kyutech. Various on-orbit failures of the satellite are also discussed here in order to help avoid them in future small spacecraft. Applicability of small satellites to conduct space-weather research is also illustrated on the Ten-Koh example, which carried out simultaneous measurements with JAXA’s ARASE satellite.
Intelligent Neural Network Schemes for Multi-Class Classification
Authors: You Ying-Jie , Wu Chen-Yu , Lee Shie-Jue , Liu Ching-Kuan
Published: September 2019

Multi-class classification is a very important technique in engineering applications, e.g., mechanical systems, mechanics and design innovations, applied materials in nanotechnologies, etc. A large amount of research is done for single-label classification where objects are associated with a single category. However, in many application domains, an object can belong to two or more categories, and multi-label classification is needed. Traditionally, statistical methods were used; recently, machine learning techniques, in particular neural networks, have been proposed to solve the multi-class classification problem. In this paper, we develop radial basis function (RBF)-based neural network schemes for single-label and multi-label classification, respectively. The number of hidden nodes and the parameters involved with the basis functions are determined automatically by applying an iterative self-constructing clustering algorithm to the given training dataset, and biases and weights are derived optimally by least squares. Dimensionality reduction techniques are adopted and integrated to help reduce the overfitting problem associated with the RBF networks. Experimental results from benchmark datasets are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Reduced-Complexity Artificial Neural Network Equalization for Ultra-High-Spectral-Efficient Optical Fast-OFDM Signals
Authors: A. Jarajreh Mutsam
Published: September 2019

Digital-based artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning is harnessed to reduce fiber nonlinearities, for the first time in ultra-spectrally-efficient optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (Fast-OFDM) signals. The proposed ANN design is of low computational load and is compared to the benchmark inverse Volterra-series transfer function (IVSTF)-based nonlinearity compensator. The two aforementioned schemes are compared for long-haul single-mode-fiber-based links at 9.69 Gb/s direct-detected optical Fast-OFDM signals. It is shown that an 80 km extension in transmission-reach is feasible when using ANN compared to IVSTF. This occurs because ANN can tackle stochastic nonlinear impairments, such as parametric noise amplification. Using ANN, the dynamic parameters requirements of the sub-ranging quantizers can also be relaxed compared to linear equalization, such as the reduction of the optimum clipping ratio and quantization bits by 2 dB and 2-bits, respectively, and by 2 dB and 2 bits when compared to the IVTSF equalizer.
Independent Aridity and Drought Pieces of Evidence Based on Meteorological Data and Tree Ring Data in Southeast Banat, Vojvodina, Serbia
Authors: Gavrilov Milivoj B. , An Wenling , Xu Chenxi , Radaković Milica G. , Hao Qingzhen , Yang Fan , Guo Zhengtang , Perić Zoran , Gavrilov Gavrilo , Marković Slobodan B.
Published: September 2019

In this study, aridity data and tree ring data were collected in Northern Serbia, in Southeast (SE) Banat, a subregion within Vojvodina, and Vojvodina at large. They were each investigated independently. The De Martonne Aridity Index and the Forestry Aridity Index are derived from examining the relationship between precipitation and surface air temperature data sets sourced from seven meteorological stations in SE Banat, and from 10 meteorological stations located in Vojvodina as a whole. Vojvodina is a large territory and used as the control area, for the period 1949–2017. The Palmer Drought Severity Index was derived for the period 1927–2016, for both SE Banat and the totality of Vojvodina. The results of the Tree Ring Width Index were obtained from samples collected in or around the villages of Vlajkovac and Šušara, both located in SE Banat, for the period 1927–2017. These tree ring records were compared with three previous aridity and drought indices, and the meteorological data on the surface air temperature and the precipitation, with the objective being to evaluate the response of tree growth to climate dynamics in the SE Banat subregion. It was noted that the significant positive temperature trends recorded in both areas were too insufficient to trigger any trends in aridity or the Tree Ring Width Index, as neither displayed any change. Instead, it appears that these climatic parameters only changed in response to the precipitation trend, which remained unchanged during the investigated period, rather than in response to the temperature trend. It appears that the forest vegetation in the investigated areas was not affected significantly by climate change in response to the dominant temperature increase.
Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials at Pretreatment and Posttreatment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Lee Bun-Hee , Park Young-Min , Lee Seung-Hwan , Shim Miseon
Published: September 2019

Background: Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several studies have reported that increased TNF-α might be associated with tryptophan depletion, which eventually could result in MDD. However, other studies revealed that TNF-α increased serotonin firing in raphe. Therefore, whether TNF-α increases or decreases serotonin activity remains unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the relationship between serum TNF-α level and central serotonergic activity using the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), as well as to evaluate the effects of antidepressants on TNF-α levels. Methods: LDAEP, serum TNF-α level, and depression severity were measured in 64 MDD outpatients pre and post 3 months of treatment. Results: Pretreatment TNF-α levels were negatively correlated with the pretreatment N1 sLORETA-LDAEP, P2 sLORETA-LDAEP, and N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP (p < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis for N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP, lower N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP was significantly related to higher TNF-α (CE = −0.047, p = 0.017) when all subjects were dichotomized based on the median TNF-α level (7.16 pg/mL) into pretreatment low- and high-TNF-α groups. In addition, the pretreatment Beck Depression Inventory, P2 LDAEP, and N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP were greater in the high-TNF-α groups than in the low-TNF-α groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the posttreatment TNF-α level was significantly decreased compared to the pretreatment TNF-α level (z = −2.581, p = 0.01). However, the posttreatment TNF-α levels were not associated with posttreatment LDAEP. Conclusions: Higher TNF-α level is associated with decreased LDAEP, which could indicate compensatory elevation of central serotonin activity in outpatients with MDD, although this effect disappeared and TNF-α level was reduced after three months of antidepressant treatment.