bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying iceberg calving fluxes with underwater noise
Authors: Glowacki Oskar , Deane Grant B.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Accurate estimates of calving fluxes are essential to understand small-scale glacier dynamics and quantify the contribution of marine-terminating glaciers to both eustatic sea level rise and the freshwater budget of polar regions. Here we investigate the application of ambient noise oceanography to measure calving flux using the underwater sounds of iceberg-water impact. A combination of time-lapse photography and passive acoustics is used to determine the relationship between the mass and impact noise of 169 icebergs generated by subaerial calving events from Hans Glacier, Svalbard. The analysis includes three major factors affecting the observed noise: 1. fluctuation of the thermohaline structure, 2. variability of the ocean depth along the waveguide, and 3. reflection of impact noise from the glacier terminus. A correlation of 0.76 is found between the (log-transformed) kinetic energy of the falling iceberg and the corresponding acoustic energy. An error-in-variables linear regression is applied to estimate the coefficients of this relationship. Energy conversion coefficients for non-transformed variables are 8 × 10−7 and 0.92, respectively for the multiplication factor and exponent of the power law. As we demonstrate, this simple model can be used to measure solid ice discharge from Hans Glacier. Uncertainty in the estimate is a function of the number of calving events observed; 50 % is expected for 8 blocks dropping to 20 % and 10 %, respectively, for 40 and 135 calving events. It may be possible to lower these errors if the influence of different calving styles on the received noise spectra can be determined.
Regulatory Challenges of Zero-Rating
Authors: Krivokapić Đorđe , Minović Adriana
Published: November 2019

N/A
Free Speech & Net Neutrality: A Response To Justice Kavanaugh
Authors: Ku Raymond Shih Ray
Published: November 2019

N/A
The Caregiving Outcomes and Problems Experienced by Nursing Staff
Authors: Hendekçi Ayla , Gök Uğur Hacer
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the caregiving outcomes and problems experienced by nursing staff. Method: The sectional study was conducted between August and September 2018 with nursing staff working in nursing homes and special care centers. The study population consisted of the nursing staff (N=92) working in institutions, and the study sample consisted of the nursing staff who agreed to participate in the study (n=76). The study data were collected by using the Questionnaire, developed in line with the literature, and the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Ethics Committee approval was obtained for the study. SPSS 20.00 package program was used for the data analysis, and descriptive statistics, correlation test, t test and analysis of variance were performed. Results: Of the nursing staff, 65.8% had fatigue, 60.5% had stress, 59.2% had demoralization, and 59.2% had sleep disturbance due to care given. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale scores and the presence of any health problem and taking psychiatric medication in nursing staff (p<0.05). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between movement problems and the mean Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale scores of nursing staff (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that health problem, taking psychiatric medication and movement problems experienced by nursing staff affected the care negatively. In line with these results, it is recommended that nursing staff should be supported psychologically and physical.
Learning Science Teaching by Taking Advantages of Lesson Study: An Effective Form of Professional Development
Authors: Belge Can Hatice
Published: November 2019

It is important to enhance pre-service science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) during teacher education programs. As an alternative, this research aims to investigate whether participating in a lesson study enriched with content representation contributes to pre-service science teachers’ PCK improvement in the heat and temperature topic. Three pre-service science teachers participated in the study. The study can be localized under the instrumental case study approach. Semi-structured interviews, content representations, observations, and field notes were used as sources of data collection. Results assert that participants’ science teaching orientations did not change a lot, participants improved in terms of knowledge of curriculum and knowledge of learner components of PCK, and participants improved in terms of knowledge of instructional strategies and knowledge of assessment components of PCK excluding subject-specific strategies dimension of the former, and what and why to assess dimensions of the latter. This study has several implications for teacher educators and science education research.
Elevated Iron Levels in Machine-Grinded Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) in Iwo, Southwest Nigeria as Determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Adejumo Oladipo Olukunle , Oyelowo Oluwadara Abosede , Adejumo Olufunmilayo Ebunoluwa
Published: November 2019

The potential of trace amounts of elements to contaminate food during processing in some local communities of Nigeria has since been a subject of concern. In Iwo, South West Nigeria, the processing method of converting the highly perishable cassava tubers to more stable products such as the roasted granular product, Gari involves grating/grinding of peeled cassava tubers and this process is suspected to introduce trace elements into the final product. This study determined and compared the levels of trace elements in peeled and machine-grinded cassava tuber samples. Peeled cassava tuber samples and machine-grinded cassava tuber samples were collected, prepared by acid digestion and filtration. Elemental analysis was carried out using PG-990 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in the flame configuration mode. Iron (9.500 ± 0.025 mg/kg), Copper (11.200 ± 0.025 mg/kg) and Magnesium (251.317 ± 0.038 mg/kg) were present in the peeled cassava tubers; while for the machine-grinded cassava tubers, Iron (63.075 ± 0.025 mg/kg), Copper (11.650 ± 0.025 mg/kg), Magnesium (250.500 ± 0.250 mg/kg) and Manganese (0.650 ± 0.025 mg/kg) in addition were present. Comparison of these results revealed that Iron concentrations for machine-grinded cassava tubers were significantly higher than peeled cassava tubers (p < 0.05). This result suggests that the grinding process during cassava preparation might have introduced Iron, a trace element contaminant to the product (Gari). This report reveal that the appropriate health authorities and regulatory agencies need to set limits with a view of safeguarding consumers’ health.
Supplement 2
Authors: - -
Published: November 2019

The 26th Norwegian Conference on Epidemiology
El Activismo de las Mujeres en el Movimiento Estudiantil Católico en Uruguay (1968–1973)
Authors: García Lorena
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo se propone identificar y analizar el activismo de las mujeres en el movimiento estudiantil católico en Uruguay desde 1968, cuando se celebró la II Conferencia del Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano en Medellín, hasta 1973 que marcó el inicio de la última dictadura cívico-militar. En particular, se centra en aquellas jóvenes que integraron el Movimiento de Cristianos Universitarios, agrupación proveniente de la Acción Católica especializada. Con sus prácticas cuestionaron los roles tradicionales adjudicados a la mujer en la familia y en la sociedad, así como dentro del catolicismo que enfatizaba su función maternal en desmedro de sus derechos sociales y políticos. En base a una metodología histórica y cualitativa se pone en discusión la documentación con la bibliografía actualizada sobre la temática. Además, se utilizaron entrevistas realizadas a ex integrantes y asesores del movimiento laical de la época.
American Views of the Brazilian Liberationist Church: The Case of Bishop Hélder Câmara, 1964–1972
Authors: Tovar Sigifredo Romero
Published: November 2019

The article explores the American views concerning the progressive wing of the Brazilian Catholic Church during the first years of military dictatorship. It focuses on the case of Bishop Hélder Câmara as perceived by the diplomatic service during the 1964–72 years. It deals with the American perception regarding this religious leader in relation to Church-state relations, his ideological postures, the 1969 murder of his colleague Father Henrique Pereira Neto, political alterations at the end of the 1960s, and his international relevance. The article reveals the aversion of the diplomatic service toward Dom Hélder due to the ideological framework of National Security Doctrine. It also shows variations in the American view regarding the bishop as a consequence of political transitions in 1969–70.
DERRAMAMENTO DE PETRÓLEO E SEUS IMPACTOS NO AMBIENTE E NA SAÚDE HUMANA
Authors: Euzebio Camilla Szerman , Rangel Giovanna da Silveira , Marques Rejane Côrrea
Published: November 2019

A exploração petrolífera envolve atividades com alto índice poluidor quepodem prejudicar a qualidade da água, do solo, do ar e, consequentemente,a qualidade de vida dos seres vivos. A dependência energética mundialpautada nessa indústria causa grande exposição a desastres ambientais nasáreas exploradas, o que torna urgente a intensificação das pesquisas nessecampo. Esta revisão visou identificar estudos sobre os efeitos deletériospara o ambiente e para a saúde das populações em áreas de desastresassociados a derramamentos de óleo. Os resultados evidenciam a relaçãoentre a exposição de indivíduos a derramamentos de óleo e o consequentesurgimento de efeitos físicos, psicológicos, genotóxicos e endócrinos nessesindivíduos. Contudo, ainda é necessário o desenvolvimento de estudosaprofundados visando ao estabelecimento de níveis agudos e crônicos decontaminação e seus efeitos na saúde humana, assim como protocolosrígidos de segurança ambiental dos processos, justificados pela frequênciarelativamente alta desse tipo de desastre.
Editorial
Authors: Vargas Avilés Julio Rito
Published: November 2019

Editorial
Nuevos ambientes de aprendizaje mediante tecnologías digitales en la UNI – NORTE
Authors: Morales Rigoberto
Published: November 2019

Durante mi experiencia como docente y como técnico en el Ministerio de Educación, pude observar la lucha de las diferentes autoridades educativas para lograr insertar, en los programas educativos modernos, la informática, con la finalidad de enriquecer el aprendizaje de las futuras generaciones y romper con la enseñanza tradicional.
Estudio de prefactibilidad tecno-económico y ambiental para la construcción del relleno sanitario del municipio de Estelí
Authors: Sierra Mercado Jimmy
Published: November 2019

El estudio fue realizado en el Municipio de Estelí, donde existe actualmente un vertedero que no presta las condiciones para el tratamiento de los desechos sólidos urbanos. Se debe a que tiene un área de inundación en la parte sur oeste y las trincheras no funcionan adecuadamente. Existe además un riesgo ambiental y tiene una corta vida útil. Esta investigación tiene el propósito de describir las condiciones técnicas, económicas y ambientales para la construcción de un nuevo relleno sanitario municipal que permitirá que la población goce de un ambiente limpio y sano, sin la presencia de basura expuesta al aire libre. Se identifican las diferentes actividades y el estudio de impacto ambiental para el nuevo relleno sanitario del municipio de Estelí, que se encontraría ubicado a 4 km del perímetro de la ciudad, en la comunidad “La Cruz”, donde actualmente existe material selecto para la construcción. La caracterización física de los residuos sólidos que resultó del estudio, arrojó una producción per cápita de 0.42kg/hab/día, que corresponde a una producción diaria de 39.52 toneladas y una densidad de 244.69 kg/m3, con un porcentaje de materia orgánica del 63.75%. Las obras de mayor importancia en la realización de este proyecto: el sistema de captación de los residuos líquidos (lixiviados), recolectados en estructuras (zanjas dentro de la trinchera), cubiertas de material local (piedras de 3”, 4” y 5”), la instalación de chimeneas para la evacuación de gases generados en cada trinchera; construcción de un sistema de tratamiento de los lixiviados recolectados; construcción de caseta de control y obras secundarias (cerco perimetral, drenaje de aguas pluviales, etc.). Para mitigar el impacto ambiental que generará la instalación del nuevo relleno, se propone la siembra de árboles alrededor del local. Todo lo expuesto anteriormente, garantizará que el proyecto sea factible desde el punto de vista técnico, económico y ambiental.
Migraciones: entre muros y derechos humanos Las actuales políticas migratorias de Estados Unidos y de Europa
Authors: Pennisi Luca
Published: November 2019

Este artículo pretende analizar el discurso global y actual sobre migración, describiendo algunos aspectos de las políticas migratorias implementadas por parte de Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea, permitiendo así compararlas resaltando las similitudes que los caracterizan. Metodológicamente se hizo una revisión bibliográfica de varios artículos y textos enfocados en el análisis del fenómeno migratorio en el contexto actual y globalizado. En primera instancia se analiza la política migratoria de Estados Unidos, luego la de la Unión Europea. Uno de los principales resultados de esta comparación es identificar diferencias y similitudes en las políticas migratorias, sobre todo destacar como en ambos casos el discurso político empieza a partir de la necesidad de responder a una amenaza, tratando de justificar la militarización de las fronteras y la criminalización del migrante como el resultado de una lucha global hacia el tráfico ilícito y la trata de personas. Finalmente, cabe destacar que esas políticas no han logrado sus objetivos, más bien han aumentado los riesgos de los migrantes.
The Polish American Historical Association—Its Place, Role, and Legacy within the Field of U.S. Ethnic History
Authors: Bukowczyk John J.
Published: November 2019

Keynote address given at the 75th anniversary conference of the Polish American Historical Association at Loyola University in Chicago, September 7, 2018.
The Return on Investment of Orthopaedic Fellowship Training: A Ten-year Update
Authors: Mead Matthew , Atkinson Theresa , Srivastava Ajay , Walter Norman
Published: November 2019

Background:

Over 90% of graduating orthopaedic residents now pursue fellowship training, and only 15% of practicing orthopaedic surgeons now characterize themselves as generalists. Fellowship training has significant financial effects due to both opportunity cost of that year of training and changes in compensation throughout one's career. The purpose of this study was to estimate the financial return on investment by pursuing additional training in an orthopaedic fellowship versus general practice.

Methods:

Using described techniques of financial analysis, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and break-even point were estimated over the average working career length of an orthopaedic surgeon. Compensation data were drawn from the American Medical Group Association physician compensation surveys. Seven fellowships were studied and referenced to a career in general orthopaedic practice.

Results:

Fellowship training in spine surgery yields the highest return on investment with a break-even point of 5 years. Adult reconstruction has a positive NPV and IRR, but when corrected for number of hours worked per week offers no productivity advantage to general practice. Sports medicine and trauma offer neutral returns, but when corrected for work hours, NPV and IRR both become negative. Hand, pediatrics, and foot and ankle never break even following the loss of compensation realized during fellowship year.

Discussion:

The recent trend across all medical specialties has been for increased fellowship training and subspecialization. There are numerous reasons to pursue fellowship training, both personal and financial. This study presents an updated estimate of the financial impact of fellowship training in orthopaedics. This analysis demonstrates that selecting different fellowships can generate positive, negative, or neutral financial returns. This study has the potential to influence residents' decisions to pursue general practice versus fellowship training and identifies economic drivers, which may lead to preferential pursuit of certain subspecialties.
Parental Mediation as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Violent Media Contents Exposure and Aggressive Behaviour of In-School Adolescents
Authors: Anyaegbunam Emenike N. , Eseadi Chiedu , Nwajiuba Chinyere Augusta , Onwuasoanya Paul N. , Onwudinjo Oluchi Queen , Uwakwe Rowland C. , Uwakwe Rowland C. , Awoke Ngozi , Agboti Iheanacho Christian , Nwefuru Bartholomew C. , Ede Moses O.
Published: November 2019

This study, through a correlational survey of 603 adolescent students in Onitsha Education Zone of Anambra State, Nigeria, aimed to find out if parental mediation is a moderator of the relationship between violent media contents exposure and aggressive behaviour. The researchers used Violent Media Contents Questionnaire and In-School Adolescents’ Aggressive Behaviour Questionnaire for data collection. To analyze the data collected, the researchers used Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression statistics. Results showed that the extent to which parental mediation moderates the relationship between violent media contents exposure and aggressive behaviour among in-school adolescents was very high. It was also found that parental mediation significantly moderates the relationship between violent media contents exposure and aggressive behaviour among in-school adolescents. Therefore, parents could play an active role in managing and regulating in-school adolescent’s media contents consumption and invariably influence the extent they display aggressive behaviour.
Path Analysis of Green Maize Components from Hybrids Cultivated Under Reduced Spacing
Authors: Nascimento Luan de Oliveira , Ferreira Josimar Batista , Nascimento Gleisson de Oliveira , Martins Marcio de Oliveira , Lima Antonia Fabiana Barros de , Nascimento Francisco Ian de Oliveira , Santos Vanderley Borges dos
Published: November 2019

The yield and cause and effect relationships of green-ear production components of hybrids cultivated in reduced spaced environments were investigated aiming to increase the green ear harvest, as well as to identify the main characteristics that contribute most to the productivity. Four row spacings were evaluated using three commercial hybrids. The experiment lasted three months and were evaluated: plant height (PH) and ear insertion height (EIH), leaf area (LA), stem diameter (SD), total number of ears, total ear yield, number of ear with straw and without straw, yield of ears with straw (YES) and yield ear without straw (YEWS), ear length (EL) and ear diameter (ED). In addition, the full correlation in direct and indirect effects was performed by the path analysis of the PH, EIH, LA, SD, EL, ED characters on the YEWS. It was found that the reduction of spacing to 60 cm favors higher YEWS without compromising the quality, size and diameter of the green ears. However, the EL, EIH and SD are the main characters that directly and indirectly influence the yield of green ears of maize hybrids cultivated in reduced spaced environment.
Agronomic Preliminary Performance of Two Radish Cultivars Intercropped With Coriander
Authors: Rabelo Janiquelle da Silva , Guimarães Marcelo de Almeida , Almeida Antonio Vanklane Rodrigues de , Neto Hozano de Souza Lemos , Silva Valsergio Barros da , Hendges Ana Régia Alves de Araújo , Viana Caris dos Santos , Mendes Iana de Paula Brito
Published: November 2019

Characterised as a traditional technique for the production of food and biomass, intercropping is a practice mainly used by small rural producers. In general, the practice has sought to maximise the use of environmental resources in an area, as well as to promote the ecological balance of different ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of radish intercropped with coriander in a region of semi-arid climate. The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks, with five replications per treatment: 1) ‘Cometo’ radish intercropped with coriander, 2) monocropped ‘Cometo’ radish, 3) ‘Saxa’ radish intercropped with coriander, 4) monocropped ‘Saxa’ radish, and 5) monocropped coriander. The coriander and/or radish plants from each treatment were harvested 30 days after sowing. The following parameters were evaluated in the radish: number of leaves per plant, fresh shoot weight, shoot length, taproot length, taproot diameter, taproot weight and productivity; while in the coriander the following were evaluated: number of stems per plant, fresh shoot weight, shoot length and productivity. The Area Equivalence Efficiency (AEE) was also evaluated for the main crop. The ‘Saxa’ radish showed the highest productivity, both as a single crop and when intercropped (15.40 and 14.32 t ha-1 of root, respectively). AEE values were greater than 1 in both intercrops, 2.13 and 1.70 for the intercropped ‘Cometo’ and ‘Saxa’ radish respectively, showing this cropping system to be an important way of optimising coriander cultivation in the area of study.
Composition and Bioactivity of Essential Oil From the Leaves of Genipa americana Against the Coconut Mite Aceria guerreronis
Authors: Jesus Alex S. de , Coelho Caroline R. , Barreto Ighor C. , Filho José G. Sena , Nogueira Paulo Cesar de L. , Teodoro Adenir V. , Silva Ana Veruska C. da
Published: November 2019

Genipa americana L. has a diversity of secondary metabolites, including iridoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. Pharmacological and biological properties have also been reported. This study has aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of G. americana and its bioactivity against Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), a serious pest of coconut production areas worldwide. EO from the leaves was extracted and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and flame ionization detection (GC-MS/FID). For the bioassays, the adult coconut mites were subjected to increasing concentrations of EO. The analyses showed a predominance of sesquiterpenes, followed by monoterpenes, aldehydes, and fatty acids. The EO (LC50 = 0.41 mg mL-1; LC90 = 6.43 mg mL-1) showed toxicity and repellent effects against the coconut mite. The tested EO has the potential to develop as a natural product, with acaricidal activities against A. guerreronis, in order to assist in the control of the coconut mite.
Game Theory Analysis: The Stakeholder Behavior in the Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform (RCPRSR)
Authors: Zhang Ruitao , Saad Ammar , Xia Ying
Published: November 2019

The Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform (RCPRSR) is a process of evolution along with the equilibrium point of the game theory. It is also an institutional change involving China’s primary economic system and rural basic management system. This paper used the stakeholder theory to determine the main stakeholders in the RCPRSR and then analyzed the behavior mechanism of the main stakeholders through the method of game theory. The results indicate that the main stakeholders are farmers, village organizations, and government. The Nash equilibrium solution is executing and joining respectively village organizations and farmers. Game theory also suggests that the RCPRSR is a gradual and repetitive dynamic process, not the result of one-time rational design. Based on the conclusions of the research, it indicates that should raise the enthusiasm of the village organization. This can increase the income of farmers and flourish the rural economy of China.
On the planarity and perfectness of annihilator ideal graphs
Authors: Nikandish Reza , Nikmehr M. J , Hosseini S. M
Published: November 2019

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The annihilator ideal graph of $R$, denoted by $\Gamma _{\mathrm{Ann}} (R) $, is a graph whose vertices are all non-trivial ideals of $R$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if$ I \cap \mathrm{Ann} _{R} (J) \neq \lbrace 0\rbrace $ or $J \cap \mathrm{Ann} _{R} (I) \neq \lbrace 0\rbrace $.In this paper, all rings with planar annihilator ideal graphs are classified.Furthermore, we show that all annihilator ideal graphs are perfect. Among other results, it is proved that if $\Gamma _{\mathrm{Ann}} (R) $ is a tree, then $\Gamma _{\mathrm{Ann}} (R) $ is star.
Chebyshev type inequalities involving generalized Katugampola fractional integral operators
Authors: Set Erhan , Choi Junesang , Mumcu \.{I}lker
Published: November 2019

A number of Chebyshev type inequalities involving various fractional integral operators have, recently, been presented.Here, motivated essentially by the earlier works and their applications in diverse research subjects, we aim to establish several Chebyshev type inequalities involving generalized Katugampola fractional integral operator. Relevant connections of the results presented here with those (known and new) involving relatively simpler and familiar fractional integral operators are also pointed out.
An ecological model involving nonlocal operator and reaction diffusion
Authors: Shakeri Saleh , Hadjian Armin
Published: November 2019

Using the method of sub-super solutions, we study the existence ofpositive solutions for a class of infinite semipositone problemsinvolving nonlocal operator.
Huertos universitarios: dimensiones de aprendizaje percibidas por los futuros maestros
Authors: Eugenio Gozalbo Marcia , Ramos Truchero Guadalupe , Vallés Rapp Cristina
Published: November 2019

En la formación inicial de maestros se están utilizando huertos como recurso para la enseñanza de las ciencias, con foco en el desarrollo de competencias del alumnado, y se hace necesario explicitar su incidencia en los aprendizajes del alumnado. El objetivo de este trabajo es desentrañar las dimensiones de aprendizaje que perciben los futuros maestros cuando son enseñados mediante huertos. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de los diarios individuales y semiestructurados que realizaron estudiantes del Grado en Educación Infantil en la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales. Se evidencia una incidencia positiva sobre diferentes áreas de conocimiento cognitivo y procedimental, aspectos emocionales y relacionales, así como sobre aspectos transversales como medio ambiente, agricultura y alimentación. El huerto aparece como un valioso recurso educativo.
¿Qué ciencia se presenta en los libros de texto de Educación Secundaria?
Authors: Ibáñez-Ibáñez Margarita Minerva , Romero-López María del Carmen , Jiménez-Tejada María del Pilar
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo muestra un análisis de los temas que introducen la ciencia en los libros de Biología y Geología y Física y Química de Educación Secundaria. El objetivo es caracterizar la visión de la «naturaleza de la ciencia» que estos presentan, comprobar si se diferencia ciencia de pseudociencia y estudiar la presencia de ciertos conceptos. Para ello se han analizado tanto los contenidos teóricos como las actividades. El análisis revela que varios libros carecen de un tema introductorio. En los que sí lo tienen, se observa que suele centrarse en el método científico y presta una atención limitada a la evolución de la ciencia, los modelos científicos u otros conceptos relevantes. La imagen de ciencia que se promueve, si bien incluye aspectos positivos, no es aún, por lo general, completamente correcta. Se aprecia, por tanto, una falta de reflexión sobre qué es la ciencia y cómo se construye.
Effect of Yoga on FEV1, 6-Minute Walk Distance (6-MWD) and Quality of Life in Patients with COPD Group B
Authors: Yudhawati Resti , Rasjid Hs Mariani
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Yoga is used in the treatment of various diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, no studies have assessed the effect of yoga on COPD patients in Indonesia. The difference between this study and similar studies completed in other countries lies in the type of yoga exercises completed, the method in which they were completed, and in certain, unique demographic characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of yoga on FEV1, 6-minute walk distance, and quality of life in patients with COPD group B in Indonesia. Material and methods: This article reflects research done in the form of an experimental study using arandomized controlled trial with pre and post-test control group design. The samples were divided into 2 groups: the treatment group (yoga practice for 1 hour, 2 times aweek for 12 weeks) and the control group (untreated with yoga, given lung rehabilitation brochure). Assessment of the effect of yoga exercises on lung function parameters (FEV1), 6-minute walk distance and quality of life were used using SGRQ questionnaires in COPD group B. Results: 33 COPD patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 30 patients completed the study. Pre and post yoga results were evalu-ated in the treatment group versus the control group and then further assessed using statistical tests. There was asignificant in-crease in FEV1, 6-MWD and quality of life using aSGRQ questionnaire after 12 weeks of yoga (p < 0.05) as well as aasignificant change in FEV1, 6-MWD and quality of life in the treatment group (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Yoga affects FEV1, 6-MWD, and quality of life in patients with Group B COPD.
The Role of Genexpert in the Diagnosis of Tubercular Pleural Effusion in India
Authors: Chakraborty Anushree , Ramaswamy Swapna , Shivananjiah Akshata Jayachamrajpura , Puttaswamy Raghu Bokkikere , Chikkavenkatappa Nagaraja
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Tubercular pleural effusion is the second most common extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis in India. Developing nations like India face several health challenges and with limited resources, appropriate planning and channelization of the same is the need of the hour. Material and methods: The objective of the study was to determine the role of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in the diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion (TPE) and also to study if any association exists between CBNAAT and pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lymphocyte counts. Clinically suspected TPE, lymphocyte predominant (≥ 70%) exudates (according to the Lights criteria) with ADA ≥ 40 U/L and microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with aco-existent pleural effusion were included. Pleural fluid CBNAAT was performed on all the samples. Results: Out of atotal of 75 patients, 57 were males and 18 were females. Alymphocyte predominance of ≥ 70% was seen in 73 subjects (97%). Mean ADA was 61.7 U/L ± 16.2 (SD). Pleural fluid CBNAAT was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in 24 patients (32%). Out of these patients, rifampicin resistance was detected in 2 individuals (8.3%). Sputum smear for acid fast bacilli (AFB) was positive in 3 (4%) patients, whereas in sputum CBNAAT MTB was detected in 8 (10.6%) persons. Association between pleural fluid ADA, lymphocyte count and CBNAAT positivity was evaluated by Student T-test. There was asignificant association between higher ADA levels and CBNAAT (p value = 0.001). Conclusions: Pleural fluid CBNAAT, owing to its low sensitivity, should not be included in the diagnostic protocol of TPE in high prevalence areas. Ahigh ADA ≥ 40 U/L in combination with Light’s criteria to define exudates, with lymphocyte predominance is sufficient evidence to diagnose TPE and initiate anti-tubercular therapy, thereby deferring the need to perform an invasive pleural biopsy.
Sputum Culture for the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion: Analysis of Absolute and Incremental Yields
Authors: Keshishyan Sevak , Kaul Viren , Gupta Anupam , Ahn Chul , Aronow Wilbert , Epelbaum Oleg
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Pleural fluid culture yield in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is disappointing in immunocompetent hosts. Herein, we attempt to define the role of serial sputum cultures in the diagnosis of TPE. Material and methods: We identified cases diagnosed with TPE over a16-year period in ahigh-prevalence US hospital. Absolute yields of one, two, and three sputa were calculated as well as the incremental yield of adding second and third sputa. These calculations were then performed separately for expectorated and induced sputum and for patients with and without infiltrates on chest X-ray. Results: Sixty sputum collections were performed in 46 patients with TPE. The per-patient sensitivity of sputum culture was 45.6%. On aper-sputum collection basis, the overall yield of the first sputum was 30%, of two sputa 39%, and of three sputa 54%. The corresponding incremental yields were 9% and 15%, respectively. The three-sputum yields of expectorated and induced collections were similar. The three-sputum yield in patients with infiltrates on X-ray was 11% lower than that in those without infiltrates. Conclusions: Serial sputum collection of three specimens can be expected to produce ayield of > 50% in cases of suspected TPE regardless of whether obtained by expectoration or induction, and the yield increases incrementally.
Oligo-Recurrence from Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Rearranged Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sasatani Yuika , Okauchi Shinichiro , Ohara Gen , Kagohashi Katsunori , Iguchi Kesato , Kawai Koji , Satoh Hiroaki
Published: November 2019

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer is arare disease. Among them, asubset of patients exist who exhibit relatively slowly progressing symptoms and have oligo-metastases. In this article, we present two cases of ALK rearran-ged lung adenocarcinoma in patients who experienced postoperative oligo-recurrence. Both cases were treated with surgical resection and gamma knife irradiation for oligo-recurrence. After local therapy, the first patient remained disease free for over 23 months; the second for over 18 months. It appears that some patients with ALK rearranged NSCLC experience oligo-recurrence in their clinical course. For such patients, appropriate local therapy may be beneficial in improving both the quality of life and the prognosis.
Acute Subglottic Laryngitis. Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
Authors: Mazurek Henryk , Bręborowicz Anna , Doniec Zbigniew , Emeryk Andrzej , Krenke Katarzyna , Kulus Marek , Zielnik-Jurkiewicz Beata
Published: November 2019

In about 3% of children, viral infections of the airways that develop in early childhood lead to narrowing of the laryngeal lumen in the subglottic region resulting in symptoms such as hoarseness, abarking cough, stridor, and dyspnea. These infections may eventually cause respiratory failure. The disease is often called acute subglottic laryngitis (ASL). Terms such as pseudocroup, croup syndrome, acute obstructive laryngitis and spasmodic croup are used interchangeably when referencing this disease. Although the differential diagnosis should include other rare diseases such as epiglottitis, diphtheria, fibrinous laryngitis and bacterial tracheobronchitis, the diagnosis of ASL should always be made on the basis of clinical criteria.
Lärarutbildning genom parallellprocesser kring samhällsfrågor med naturvetenskapligt innehåll. ”- När är det rätt att döda ett djur?”
Authors: Lundegård Iann , Billing Charlotta
Published: November 2019

It is often emphasized that teacher training should be close to real practice. Starting with tasks based on socio-scientific issues (SSI) is one way of making science teaching more interesting and relevant. This approach allows the students a greater opportunity to be involved in determining the content. In this study, we wanted to visualize some different aspects that appeared when teacher students discussed a socio-scientific issue. Furthermore, the aim was to develop a method that could help the students to reflect on how they could arrange similar activities in their future classrooms within a parallel process. The data collection was carried out when the students discussed an authentic question concerning the right to kill animals. To analyse the content and meaning making that emerged in the students’ discussions, we used practical epistemological analysis (PEA). In the results we highlight three aspects, which could be important to consider when organizing instruction around SSI in a pluralistic spirit. First, the student discussions lead to broadening and clarification of various choices and circumstances needed to make a moral decision. Secondly, on several occasions, scientific facts were required to advance the discussion. Finally, the students formulated ethical principles in order to find out about and decide on the questions at hand. These three didactical aspects can be expected to be helpful for the teacher students in the context of their own teaching. Consequently, this parallel process is a feasible way of creating ‘a continuity’ between practice and theory in teacher education.
”Men det åker inte upp i himlen!” Förskolebarn resonerar om vattnets kretslopp illustrerat i ett tärningsspel
Authors: Bergnell Anneli , Åberg-Bengtsson Lisbeth
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Even though water is a frequently addressed theme in preschool education and illustrations of different kinds are typically used to explain pre-science concepts, there is a remarkable shortage of studies in this part of the educational research field. The present article deals with 4–6-year-olds making meanings about the water circle from a board and dice game. Video-recorded sessions with small groups of children have been used and analysed from socio-semiotic and cultural historical perspectives. The results show that even though the children referred to and made intended meaning of several of the illustrated water phenomena, it seemed difficult for them to come to grips with the water circle as such. In particular this seems to be a result of the fact that the concept of evaporation was a stumbling block that was too abstract to overcome.
Reseña de READ: Recognition and Enrichment of Archival Documents
Authors: De Diego Muñoz Judit
Published: November 2019

Uno de los grandes intereses de las Humanidades Digitales es la sinergia entre herramientas tecnológicas y tareas u objetos humanísticos, así como la consecuente preservación del patrimonio histórico y cultural sea cual sea su soporte. El resultado más inmediato de esta simbiosis es la contribución a diferentes campos del conocimiento a través, por ejemplo, de la creación de herramientas en pro de la investigación. El equipo de investigación responsable del proyecto READ creó en 2016 Transkribus, una plataforma de transcripción asistida concebida para mejorar las técnicas de reconocimiento de texto manuscrito (HTR). Sus metas, tal y como delata el nombre del proyecto, son el reconocimiento y el enriquecimiento del material de archivo.
Reseña de Álvarez Ramos, Eva y Blasco Pascual, Javier (eds.): "Humanidades Digitales. Retos, Recursos y Nuevas Propuestas"
Authors: Sánchez Martín Francisco Javier
Published: November 2019

El objetivo primero de esta reseña consiste en acercarnos a una publicación dentro de un campo que está experimentando un importante desarrollo, pero que, en el caso de la lengua española, aún necesita de avances en las reflexiones sobre las tareas que facilitan los recursos digitales, no solo para ayudar al proceso de digitalización con el fin de seguir comprendiendo nuestro pasado, sino para crear, merced a la tecnología, nuevos materiales didácticos para el presente, a la vez que propiciar el diálogo académico abierto para interpretar los enfoques teóricos y metodológicos del futuro cercano. Además, con esta reseña se pretende facilitar la consulta de los trabajos publicados en estas actas, de forma que puedan observarse aquellos aspectos en los que la disciplina Humanidades Digitales debe consolidarse o aquellos otros en los que debe reconfigurarse, o en su caso, abandonarse por no ser específicos o representativos para el desarrollo de las humanidades digitales.
A importância da guarda responsável de gatos domésticos: aspectos práticos e conexões com o bem-estar animal
Authors: Machado Daiana De Souza , Machado Juliana Clemente , De Souza José Olimpio Tavares , Sant'Anna Aline Cristina
Published: November 2019

A permissão do livre acesso à rua e outros ambientes externos aos gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) por seus tutores pode gerar muitos problemas. Os transtornos causados pela presença destes animais vão desde sérios impactos à fauna local das regiões com populações de gatos ferais e semi-domiciliados, até a disseminação de doenças graves. Gatos que não possuem áreas de vida delimitadas por seus tutores estão susceptíveis a sofrerem maus-tratos, contrair e disseminar patógenos e parasitos, sendo muitas das doenças veiculadas por eles, tidas como zoonoses. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi oferecer elementos e informações precisas que embasem uma reflexão acerca da importância de um manejo apropriado e tutela responsável do gato doméstico. Um método eficaz para solucionar os problemas associados ao livre acesso dos gatos à rua é a delimitação do espaço usado pelos mesmos. Animais que permanecem dentro de casa, em geral, estão seguros e com potencial de apresentar níveis adequados de bem-estar, além de não causarem impactos à fauna silvestre nem no bem-estar de outros animais domésticos.
Characterization of the acoustic community of vocal fishes in the Azores
Authors: Carriço Rita , Silva Mónica A. , Meneses Gui M. , Fonseca Paulo J. , Amorim Maria Clara P.
Published: November 2019

Sounds produced by teleost fishes are an important component of marine soundscapes, making passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) an effective way to map the presence of vocal fishes with a minimal impact on ecosystems. Based on a literature review, we list the known soniferous fish species occurring in Azorean waters and compile their sounds. We also describe new fish sounds recorded in Azores seamounts. From the literature, we identified 20 vocal fish species present in Azores. We analysed long-term acoustic recordings carried out since 2008 in Condor and Princesa Alice seamounts and describe 20 new putative fish sound sequences. Although we propose candidates as the source of some vocalizations, this study puts into evidence the myriad of fish sounds lacking species identification. In addition to identifying new sound sequences, we provide the first marine fish sound library for Azores. Our acoustic library will allow to monitor soniferous fish species for conservation and management purposes.
The effect of social information from live demonstrators compared to video playback on blue tit foraging decisions
Authors: Hämäläinen Liisa , Rowland Hannah M. , Mappes Johanna , Thorogood Rose
Published: November 2019

Video playback provides a promising method to study social interactions, and the number of video playback experiments has been growing in recent years. Using videos has advantages over live individuals as it increases the repeatability of demonstrations, and enables researchers to manipulate the features of the presented stimulus. How observers respond to video playback might, however, differ among species, and the efficacy of video playback should be validated by investigating if individuals’ responses to videos are comparable to their responses to live demonstrators. Here, we use a novel foraging task to compare blue tits’ (Cyanistes caeruleus) responses to social information from a live conspecific vs video playback. Birds first received social information about the location of food, and were then presented with a three-choice foraging task where they could search for food from locations marked with different symbols (cross, square, plain white). Two control groups saw only a foraging tray with similar symbols but no information about the location of food. We predicted that socially educated birds would prefer the same location where a demonstrator had foraged, but we found no evidence that birds copied a demonstrator’s choice, regardless of how social information was presented. Social information, however, had an influence on blue tits’ foraging choices, as socially educated birds seemed to form a stronger preference for a square symbol (against two other options, cross and plain white) than the control birds. Our results suggest that blue tits respond to video playback of a conspecific similarly as to a live bird, but how they use this social information in their foraging decisions, remains unclear.
Intranasal midazolam as first‐line inhospital treatment for status epilepticus: a pharmaco‐EEG cohort study
Authors: Kay Lara , Merkel Nina , von Blomberg Anemone , Willems Laurent M. , Bauer Sebastian , Reif Philipp S. , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam
Published: November 2019

Objective

We sought to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal midazolam (in‐MDZ) as first‐line inhospital therapy in patients with status epilepticus (SE) during continuous EEG recording.

Methods

Data on medical history, etiology and semiology of SE, anticonvulsive medication usage, efficacy and safety of in‐MDZ were retrospectively reviewed between 2015 and 2018. Time to end of SE regarding the administration of in‐MDZ and ß‐band effects were analyzed on EEG and with frequency analysis.

Results

In total, 42 patients (mean age: 52.7 ± 22.7 years; 23 females) were treated with a median dose of 5 mg of in‐MDZ (range: 2.5–15 mg, mean: 6.4 mg, SD: 2.6) for SE. The majority of the patients suffered from nonconvulsive SE (n = 24; 55.8%). In total, 24 (57.1%) patients were responders, as SE stopped following the administration of in‐MDZ without any other drugs being given. On average, SE ceased on EEG at 05:05 (minutes:seconds) after the application of in‐MDZ (median: 04:56; range: 00:29–14:53; SD:03:13). Frequency analysis showed an increased ß‐band on EEG after the application of in‐MDZ at 04:07 on average (median: 03:50; range: 02:20–05:40; SD: 01:09). Adverse events were recorded in six patients (14.3%), with nasal irritations present in five (11.9%) and prolonged sedation occurring in one (2.6%) patient.

Conclusions

This pharmaco‐EEG–based study showed that in‐MDZ is effective and well‐tolerated for the acute treatment of SE. EEG and clinical effects of in‐MDZ administration occurred within 04:07 and 5:05 on average. Intranasal midazolam appears to be an easily applicable and rapidly effective alternative to buccal or intramuscular application as first‐line treatment if an intravenous route is not available.
Impact of FcγR variants on the response to alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Keller Christian W. , Ruck Tobias , McHugh Donal , Pfeuffer Steffen , Gross Catharina C. , Korsukewitz Catharina , Melzer Nico , Klotz Luisa , Meuth Sven G. , Münz Christian , Nimmerjahn Falk , Wiendl Heinz , Lünemann Jan D.
Published: November 2019

Allelic variants of genes encoding for the Fc gamma receptors IIIA and IIA have been associated with the clinical response to cell‐depleting antibodies in lymphoma patients. Here, we tested the hypothesis that FCGR3A and FCGR2A high‐affinity polymorphisms predict clinical outcomes to alemtuzumab therapy in 85 patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis. No differences in clinical and MRI‐based efficacy parameters, the development of severe infusion‐associated reactions and secondary autoimmune diseases during a 2 year follow‐up was observed based on FCGR3A or FCGR2A polymorphisms. This study does not support the use of FCGR genetic variants to predict clinical outcomes to alemtuzumab.