bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and Genetic Characterization of Norovirus Outbreaks That Occurred in Catalonia, Spain, 2017–2019
Authors: Anfruns-Estrada Eduard , Sabaté Sara , Razquin Efrén , Cornejo Sánchez Thais , Bartolomé Rosa , Torner Nuria , Izquierdo Conchita , Soldevila Nuria , Coronas Lorena , Domínguez Àngela , Fuentes Cristina , Pintó Rosa M. , Bosch Albert , Guix Susana ,   The Working Group for the Study of Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis in Catalonia (PI16/02005)
Published: February 2022

Molecular characterization of human norovirus (HuNoV) genotypes enhances the understanding of viral features and illustrates distinctive evolutionary patterns. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of the genetic diversity and the epidemiology of the genotypes involved in HuNoV outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain) between 2017 and 2019. A total of 100 HuNoV outbreaks were notified with the predominance of GII (70%), followed by GI (27%) and mixed GI/GII (3%). Seasonality was observed for GII outbreaks only. The most prevalent genotypes identified were GII.4[P31] Sydney 2012, GII.4[P16] Sydney 2012 and GII.2[P16]. As compared to person-to-person (P/P) transmitted outbreaks, foodborne outbreaks showed significantly higher attack rates and lower duration. The average attack rate was higher in youth hostel/campgrounds compared to nursing homes. Only genotypes GI.4[P4], GII.2[P16], GII.4[P16], GII.4[P31] and GII.17[P17] were consistently detected every year, and only abundance of GII.2[P16] showed a negative trend over time. GII.4 Sydney 2012 outbreaks were significantly associated to nursing homes, while GII.2[P16] and GI.3[P3] were most frequently identified in youth hostel/campgrounds. The average attack rate was significantly higher when comparing GII.2[P16] vs. GI.4[P4], GII.2[P16] vs. GII.4[P31] Sydney 2012, and GII.6[P7] vs. GII.4[P31] Sydney 2012. No correlations were found between genotype and outbreak duration or age of affected individuals.
The Analogs of Furanyl Methylidene Rhodanine Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Inhibitory and Inactivating Activities against Enveloped Viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants
Authors: Pu Jing , He Xiaoyang , Xu Wei , Wang Cong , Lan Qiaoshuai , Hua Chen , Wang Kai , Lu Lu , Jiang Shibo
Published: February 2022

In recent years, infectious diseases caused by viral infections have seriously endangered human health, especially COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which continues to spread worldwide. The development of broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors is urgently needed. Here, we report a series of small-molecule compounds that proved effective against human coronaviruses (HCoV), such as SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs), including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, and other viruses with class I viral fusion proteins, such as influenza virus, Ebola virus (EBOV), Nipah virus (NiV), and Lassa fever virus (LASV). They are also effective against class II enveloped viruses represented by ZIKV and class III enveloped viruses represented by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Further studies have shown that these compounds may exert antiviral effects through a variety of mechanisms, including inhibiting the formation of the six-helix bundle, which is a typical feature of enveloped virus fusion with cell membranes, and/or targeting viral membrane to inactivate cell-free virions. These compounds are expected to become drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses.
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in South African Local Communities: The VaxScenes Study
Authors: Katoto Patrick D. M. C. , Parker Saahier , Coulson Nancy , Pillay Nirvana , Cooper Sara , Jaca Anelisa , Mavundza Edison , Houston Gregory , Groenewald Candice , Essack Zaynab , Simmonds Jane , Shandu Londiwe Deborah , Couch Marilyn , Khuzwayo Nonkululeko , Ncube Nobukhosi , Bhengu Phelele , Rooyen Heidi van , Wiysonge Charles Shey
Published: February 2022

South Africa launched a mass COVID-19 vaccination campaign in May 2021, targeting 40 million adults. Understanding predictors of COVID-19 vaccine intentions was required to achieve this goal. We conducted a population-based survey in June–July 2021 using the WHO Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) of COVID-19 Vaccination tool to determine predictors of vaccine hesitancy, defined as intention to refuse or uncertainty whether to accept COVID-19 vaccination. There were 1193 participants, mean age 39 (standard deviation 15) years, and 53% women, of whom 58% trusted information provided by healthcare workers and 32% were vaccine hesitant. Independent predictors of vaccine hesitancy included concerns about side effects (odds ratio (OR) 11.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–50.80), lack of access to the online vaccine registration platform (OR 4.75; CI 2.15–10.37), distrust of government (OR 3.0; CI 1.33–6.77), belief in conspiracy theories (OR 3.01; CI 1.32–6.77), having no monthly income (OR 1.84; CI 1.12–3.07), and depending on someone else to make vaccination decision (OR 2.47; CI 1.06–5.77). We identified modifiable predictors of vaccine hesitancy at the start of South Africa’s COVID-19 vaccination rollout. These factors should be addressed by different stakeholders involved in the national immunization program through tailored communication and other effective strategies that increase vaccine literacy, reach low-income households, and engender confidence in government.
A Multilingual App for Providing Information to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Candidates with Limited Language Proficiency: Development and Pilot
Authors: Noack Eva Maria , Schäning Jennifer , Müller Frank
Published: February 2022

Language barriers are obstacles in receiving vaccinations against COVID-19. They jeopardize informed consent, vaccination safety, and a positive immunization experience. We have developed a multilingual app to overcome language barriers when dealing with vaccination candidates with a limited proficiency in the locally spoken language. We applied the Spiral Technology Action Research (STAR) model to create the app within a discursive process involving healthcare professionals (HCPs) from vaccination sites, literature searches and guidelines, and field trials at vaccination centers. In a real-world pilot test, we assessed the usability and feedback for further improvement. Our efforts resulted in an app that facilitates communication with vaccination candidates in 40 languages, each with over 500 phrases that can be played back or displayed as text. In the pilot test, the app demonstrated its usability, and was well accepted by the vaccination candidates (n = 20). The app was mainly used to inform about the risks and benefits of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Some HCPs struggled to navigate the comprehensive content and the pilot test exposed the need for additional phrases. The STAR model proved to be flexible in adapting to dynamic pandemic conditions and changing recommendations. This multilingual app overcomes language barriers in healthcare settings, promoting vaccines to migrants with limited language proficiency.
Parents’ and Guardians’ Intentions to Vaccinate Children against COVID-19
Authors: McElfish Pearl A. , Willis Don E. , Shah Sumit K. , Reece Sharon , Andersen Jennifer A. , Schootman Mario , Richard-Davis Gloria , Selig James P. , Warmack T. Scott
Published: February 2022

A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess Arkansas parents’/guardians’ intentions to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Parents/guardians whose oldest child was age 0–11 years (n = 171) or 12–17 years (n = 198) were recruited between 12 July and 30 July 2021 through random digit dialing. Among parents/guardians with an age-eligible child, age 12–17, 19% reported their child had been vaccinated, and 34% reported they would have their child vaccinated right away. Among parents/guardians with a child aged 0–11, 33% of parents/guardians reported they would have their child vaccinated right away. Twenty-eight percent (28%) of parents/guardians whose oldest child was 12–17 and 26% of parents/guardians whose oldest child was 0–11 reported they would only have their child vaccinated if their school required it; otherwise, they would definitely not vaccinate them. For both groups, parents’/guardians’ education, COVID-19 vaccination status, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were significantly associated with intentions to vaccinate their child. More than a third of parents/guardians whose child was eligible for vaccination at the time of the survey reported they intended to have them vaccinated right away; however, they had not vaccinated their child more than two months after approval. This finding raises questions about the remaining barriers constraining some parents/guardians from vaccinating their child.
Susac Syndrome Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Po-Jui , Chang Yi-Sheng , Lim Chen-Chee , Lee Yu-Kuei
Published: February 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous vaccines have been developed for the disease. However, with large-scale vaccination has come the gradual emergence of immunological phenomena caused by these new vaccines. Herein, we report a 48-year-old female with a sudden onset of inferior visual field defects in the left eye following her first dose of the ChAdOx1 vaccine. Dilated fundus examination combined with optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography confirmed the diagnosis of branch retinal artery occlusion. Within 4 weeks following vaccination, symptoms associated with hearing impairment developed, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed leptomeningeal enhancement. The diagnosis of Susac syndrome (SS) was confirmed. The development of SS may be caused by endotheliopathy resulting from the molecular mimicry of the ChAdOx1 vaccine. Clinicians should be aware of the symptoms of SS, which may develop after COVID-19 vaccination. Further experimental surveillance and case–control studies are required to confirm this relationship.
Is Booster Dose Strategy Sufficient for Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Chavda Vivek P. , Apostolopoulos Vasso
Published: February 2022

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is emerging in communities where people were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and are now being vaccinated, or where many people have received two or three coronavirus vaccination doses. More than 130 countries around the globe have implemented booster dose programs for tackling omicron endemics. Despite early findings shows that booster doses may improve omicron protection, more research is needed to establish vaccination efficacy. This short communication tries to critically discuss the research work findings around booster dose strategy for omicron endemics.
Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) and Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccines Adverse Events following Immunization in Patients Affected by Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Soldà Giorgia , Barvas Edoardo , Lenzi Jacopo , Di Valerio Zeno , La Fauci Giusy , Guttmann Susanna , Riccardi Rossano , Fantini Maria Pia , Salussolia Aurelia , Montalti Marco , Gori Davide
Published: February 2022

The Republic of San Marino COVID-19 vaccination campaign used Gam-COVID-Vac and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines. To assess adverse events following immunization (AEFIs), approximately 6000 vaccine recipients were monitored by the ROCCA study, including subgroups with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate short-term AEFIs through a 1-month follow-up. We conducted a longitudinal study, using active surveillance to evaluate the safety profiles of COVID-19 vaccines in PD and MS patients. Participants were actively administered a standardized online questionnaire to collect information on AEFIs. Among all PD and MS assisted by the San Marino hospital, a total of 82 patients completed the questionnaires. One week after administration of the first dose, vaccine recipients reported AEFIs in 26% of cases in the PD group, 67% in the MS group, and 68% in the control group. Participants reported slightly higher rates of AEFIs after dose 2 compared with dose 1, being 29%, 75%, and 78% for PD, MS, control group, respectively. Most of the reported symptoms were mild. Patients with PD and MS reported few AEFIs after administration of the COVID-19 vaccines. The frequency of AEFIs in the PD population was significantly lower than in the control group.
Gender and AB0 Blood Type Differences in a Unicentric Group of University Professors in Southern Italy Who Received the Vaxzevria COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Vaccine Side Effects, Attitudes, and Hesitation
Authors: Aliberti Silvana Mirella , Schiavo Luigi , Boccia Giovanni , Santoro Emanuela , Franci Gianluigi , Ruggiero Alessandro , De Caro Francesco , Capunzo Mario
Published: February 2022

Vaccination has been a key protective behavior for COVID-19. This study investigated the clinical status of university professors administered the Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccine, to monitor for any adverse reaction, and to understand attitude and hesitancy to vaccination. Data were collected through an online survey. The study received approval from the relevant ethics committee “Comitato Etico Campania Sud”. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to calculate significant predictors of the outcomes of interest. A gender and AB0 blood type difference in adverse vaccine reactions was found. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that female gender, city residence, blood type A+ and B−, and chronic underlying medical conditions or comorbidities were more strongly implicated in the occurrence of adverse reactions, whereas blood type 0 Rh+ or blood type A Rh− were protective factors of adverse reactions to the Vaxzevria vaccine. Both genders did not show serious adverse reactions to the Vaxzevria vaccine. Based on our results, we are able to support the hypothesis that AB0 blood type and gender difference appear as predictors of Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccine reactogenicity. Furthermore, in the study population, the degree of concern and hesitation to undergo vaccination was minimal.
Modulation of Hepatic Insulin and Glucagon Signaling by Nutritional Factors in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Petrilla Janka , Mátis Gábor , Mackei Máté , Kulcsár Anna , Sebők Csilla , Papp Márton , Gálfi Péter , Fébel Hedvig , Huber Korinna , Neogrády Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2022

Influencing the endocrine metabolic regulation of chickens by nutritional factors might provide novel possibilities for improving animal health and productivity. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of dietary cereal type (wheat-based (WB) vs. maize-based (MB) diets), crude protein level (normal (NP) vs. lowered (LP)), and sodium (n-)butyrate (1.5 g/kg diet) supplementation (vs. no butyrate) on the responsiveness of hepatic glucagon receptor (GCGR), insulin receptor beta (IRβ) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the phase of intensive growth of chickens. Liver samples of Ross 308 broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were collected on day 21 for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Hepatic GCGR and mTOR gene expressions were up-regulated by WB and LP diet. GCGR and IRβ protein level decreased in groups with butyrate supplementation; however, the quantity of IRβ and mTOR protein increased in WB groups. Based on these data, the applied dietary strategies may be useful tools to modulate hepatic insulin and glucagon signaling of chickens in the period of intensive growth. The obtained results might contribute to the better understanding of glycemic control of birds and increase the opportunity of ameliorating insulin sensitivity, hence, improving the production parameters and the welfare of broilers.
Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Elisa Kits Used for the Detection of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Feedstuffs and Comparison with an HPLC Method
Authors: Maggira Martha , Sakaridis Ioannis , Ioannidou Maria , Samouris Georgios
Published: February 2022

Various analytical techniques for detecting mycotoxins have been developed in order to control their concentration in food and feed. Conventional analytical approaches for mycotoxin identification include thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC). Rapid methods for mycotoxin analysis are also becoming increasingly relevant. One of the most common rapid methods for determining these compounds is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The current study aimed to compare three available ELISA kits for the detection and quantification of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in spiked feed samples at known quantities. All three ELISA kits were validated and showed good performance with high recovery rates and LOD and LOQ values lower than the MRL. The developed HPLC-FL method was validated for all the compounds determining the accuracy, precision, linearity, decision limit, and detection capability with fairly good results. Unknown feed samples (corn, silage, pellet, barley, wheat, soya, and sunflower) were also tested using the best ELISA kit and HPLC, and the results were compared. Both ELISA and HPLC were proven to be suitable methods for mycotoxin analysis. The analytical technique should be determined primarily by the availability and number of samples.
Lessons Learnt from the Application of MCDA Sorting Methods to Pipe Network Rehabilitation Prioritization
Authors: Caetano João , Carriço Nelson , Covas Dídia
Published: February 2022

Most water distribution networks were built a few decades ago, showing symptoms of deterioration. Additionally, current renewal rates are insufficient to overcome pipe networks’ continuous ageing process. The development of methodologies for assisting the definition of pipe rehabilitation, including which pipes, and when and what financial amounts to allocate to this activity, are of the utmost importance. These methodologies typically have to attend to several points of view, for which multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques may be used. The current paper demonstrates and discusses the application of two MCDA techniques—the ELECTRE TRI-C and FlowSort—to a real water distribution network. Both techniques allowed assigning every single pipe to a predefined priority category, although the ELECTRE TRI-C proved to be more effective. These approaches imply that the planning of investment needs is carried out based on individual pipes, but these approaches are not consistent with the actual rehabilitation projects. A clustering technique called affinity propagation, together with cost functions, were applied to define and quantify homogeneous rehabilitation units. Even so, the methodology did not prove to be rigorous enough for the selection of pipes to be rehabilitated. On the other hand, it proved effective to estimate annual budgets for rehabilitation.
Quantifying the Impacts of Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) and Climate Change on Discharge and Sediment Load in the Hunhe River Basin, Liaoning Province, Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Limin , Jiang Yunzhong , Yang Mingxiang , Wang Hao , Dong Ningpeng , Wang Hejia , Liu Xuan , Chen Liang , Liu Ke
Published: February 2022

Assessing the impacts of land use and cover (LUCC) change and climate change on discharge and sediment load is beneficial for the regional management of water resources and the water environment. The Mann-Kendall test and soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model were applied to analyze the change trends of meteorological and hydrological variables and to quantitatively assess the response of discharge and sediment load to LUCC and climate change, respectively, in the Hunhe River Basin (HRB). The results showed that LUCC changed little during 1980–2009, mainly from forestland (−0.36%) to other land use types, such as urban land (+0.13%) and grassland (+0.13%). Temperature increased significantly (p < 0.01), and precipitation showed a non-significant decreasing trend. Discharge showed a non-significant decreasing trend, and sediment load significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and percent bias (PBIAS) during the calibration and validation periods indicated that good performance was achieved for the discharge simulation (NSE: 0.77–0.79; R2: 0.79–0.84; PBIAS: −9.61–1.48%) and satisfactory performance for the sediment load simulation (NSE: 0.65–0.77; R2: 0.65–0.78; PBIAS: −2.56–8.31%). The calibrated SWAT model was successfully utilized to assess the impacts of LUCC and climate change on discharge and sediment load, finding that the combined impact of LUCC and climate change decreased the annual discharge and sediment load by 22.65% and 31.51%, respectively. Minor changes in annual discharge (+0.08%) and sediment load (−1.33%) were caused by LUCC, and climate change led to a pronounced decrease in annual discharge (−22.69%) and sediment load (−30.61%). These findings indicate that climate change rather than LUCC dominated the hydrological alterations in the HRB. This study provides important information for decision makers to identify the reasons for changes in hydrological alterations and to design adaptive measures.
Chemical Characteristics of Ordovician Formation Water and Its Relationship with Hydrocarbons in Halahatang Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Xu Tong , Zhu Chuanqing , Jiang Xiaoxue , Tang Boning , Wang Xiang , Zhang Haizu , Zhang Baoshou
Published: February 2022

The chemical characteristics of Ordovician formation water and its relationship with hydrocarbons in the Halahatang depression (Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China) were analyzed on the basis of the detailed formation water test data. The formation water in the Halahatang depression can be characterized as CaCl2 type with high total dissolved solids (TDS) generally. The TDS concentration has a weak negative relationship with the depth, and is above 200 g/L in the North Region (north of the pinch-out line), then gradually decreases to the south, but is still greater than 50 g/L. The ion-proportionality coefficients of formation water, including the sodium-chlorine coefficient, desulfurization coefficient and metamorphic coefficient, reflect that the present strata are well sealed and had once experienced strong water-rock interactions. Furthermore, the source and evolution of the formation water presents a closed relationship with the hydrocarbon accumulation. The meteoric source of the formation water indicates the denuding by the Ordovician formation and the damage from the previous oil and gas reservoirs. The reservoir quality was also improved due to the strong karstification during the denudation, which was beneficial for hydrocarbon accumulation. The distribution of the TDS concentration is controlled by the caprock (Sangtamu Formation) and the high salinity fluids from overlying strata and adjacent regions. A geological model was established, the high salinity fluids penetrated the Ordovician strata resulting in the TDS increases in the northern part. Whereas, the South Region (south of the pinch-out line) was less affected due to the shielding layer of the O3s. The favorable preservation conditions reflected by the high TDS and ion-proportionality coefficients correspond to the stable subsidence of strata since the Triassic era, the oil and gas reservoirs formed in the Himalayan can be preserved.
Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria in Household Greywater Treated in Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Henderson Michelle , Ergas Sarina J. , Ghebremichael Kebreab , Gross Amit , Ronen Zeev
Published: February 2022

There is a growing body of knowledge on the persistence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater and greywater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands (CWs). Our research quantified ARGs (sul1, qnrS, and blaCTXM32), class one integron (intI1), and bacterial marker (16S) in four recirculating vertical flow CWs in a small community in the Negev desert, Israel, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The greywater microbial community was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results show that CWs can reduce ARG in greywater by 1–3 log, depending on the gene and the quality of the raw greywater. Community sequencing results showed that the bacterial community composition was not significantly altered after treatment and that Proteobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla before and after treatment. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Aeromonas were the most commonly identified genera of the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) colonies. Some of the ESBL bacteria identified have been linked to clinical infections (Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Pseudomonas fulva, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas monteilii, and Roseomonas cervicalis). It is important to monitor intI1 for the potential transfer of ARGs to pathogenic bacteria.
Image Mosaicking Using Low-Distance High-Resolution Images Captured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors:   Physics Department, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, M. Hassan Faez , Abdelwahab Mossa Hussein ,   Physics Department, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Regional surveys will have a high demand for coverage. To adequately cover a large area while retaining high resolution, mosaics of the area from a variety of scenes can be created. This paper describes a mosaicking procedure that consists of a series of processing steps used to combine multiple aerial images. These images were taken from CropCam unmanned aerial platform flight missions over the desired area to quickly map a large geographical region. The results of periodic processing can be compared and analyzed to monitor a large area for future research or during an emergency situation in the covered area. Digital imagery captured from the air has proven to be a valuable resource for studying land cover and land use. For this study, airborne digital camera images were chosen because they provide data with a higher spatial resolution for trying to map a small research area. On board the UAV autopilot, images were captured from an elevation of 320 meters using a standard digital camera. When compared to other airborne studies, this technique was less expensive and more cost effective. According to this study, onboard a UAV autopilot, a digital camera serves as a sensor, which can be helpful in planning and developing a limited coverage area after mosaicking
Development of Add-on Materials to Supplement Food Safety Modernization Act Trainings in the Western U.S.
Authors: Kovacevic Jovana
Published: February 2022

During the 2017 annual meeting of the Western Regional Center to Enhance Food Safety, 52 representatives from 15 western states/territories, regional centers funded through USDA-NIFA Food Safety Outreach Program, federal and state government agencies, and non-governmental organizations prioritized topics for the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) training materials that address region-specific agricultural production and processing systems. This article describes supplemental materials or “add-ons” developed to support FSMA-related food safety trainings. Although the materials were developed for the western region stakeholders, they can be applied or adapted to other regions in or outside the U.S. to enhance food safety trainings.
The Generosity of the Seven Donors and the Sirupanatruppadai
Authors: V Rasambal
Published: February 2022

Literary histories refer to Sangam literatures as song and sum. They are Eighteen Greater Texts they relate human life to archeology, kings, civilians, and nature on the basis of the department into two categories, internal and external. Comfort is about finding the leader who gives the gift and comforting the person receiving the gift. One of the recipients of the Oymanattu Nalliyak Kodan Fame Award, a poet who came to Kurinjik Koman to see Nalliyak Kodan, had to cross the weaving land Ail Pattinam, Mullai land and the mangrove towns to recount these four land features. And the fact that they are no longer prosperous is called Parry more than Marie in giving. Twenty-eight lines also refer to the seven barracks of Bari, Bagan, Kaari, Ori, Aay, Adhiyaman, and Nalli. Nallur Nattathanar of the Intermediate Country also mentioned the specialty of the seven valleys and highlighted the gift of Nalliyak Kodan of Oyma. Seven Donors are Paari, Began, Kaari, Ori, Aay, Adhiyaman, Nalli their Activities Compare to Sirupanatruppadai. This Article Shows Seven Donors habits, generosity, Helping Condition of the poor people.
Rize İl Sınırları İçerisindeki Rubus L. (Rosaceae) Türlerinin Morfolojik, Mikromorfolojik ve Moleküler Sistematik Özelliklerinin Analizi
Authors: KUYUMCU Fatma , BERİŞ Fatih Şaban , ATAMOV Vagif
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışma ile Rize İlinde yayılım gösteren 8 Rubus taksonu morfolojik, mikromorfolojik ve moleküler sistematik yönden araştırıldı. Bitki materyalleri 2019 yılında yapılan arazi çalışmaları ile toplandı. Araştırma bölgesinden toplanan örnekler teşhis edildi ve herbaryum haline getirildi. Bu taksonların gövde, yaprak ve çiçek gibi bitki kısımları stereomikroskopta morfolojik, SEM’de ise mikromorfolojik olarak incelendi. Sonrasında örneklere ait ITS bölgeleri PCR ile çoğaltılarak dizi analizi yapıldı. Analiz sonucu 8 takson arasındaki benzerlik ilişkisini ortaya koyan filogenetik ağaç oluşturuldu. Mikromorfolojik görüntülere bakıldığında 8 takson arasında gövde, yaprak tüylenmesi, tüy tipleri ve diken yapısının ayırıcı özellikte olduğu tespit edildi. Morfolojik bulgular sonucunda 8 Rubus taksonunun yaprak, meyve, diken, petal, yaprak ve yaprakçık ölçüsü, meyve tanelerinin yapısı, sayısı ve şekli, yaprak alt ve üst yüzey, petal yüzeyi tüylenme durumu, meyve ve sepallerin rengi, yaprak kenarı yapısı bakımından birbirinden ayrıldığı, bu özelliklerin karakteristik olduğu belirlendi. Moleküler bulgular sonucu Rubus taksonlarının dizi analizi sonucunda ortalama baz uzunluğunun 709 ile 731 bp arasında değiştiği belirlendi. Oluşturulan filogenetik ağaç sonucunun Rosacea familyasına en yakın taksonun Rubus hirtus ve Rubus tereticaulis, en uzak takson ise Rubus sanctus olduğu belirlendi.
Description of the V instar nymph of Tolono confusus Carvajal, Rider and Faúndez, 2015 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)
Authors: Carvajal Mariom , Faúndez Eduardo I. , Rider David A.
Published: February 2022

The fifth instar nymph of Tolono confusus Carvajal, Rider & Faúndez, 2015 is described and illustrated based on two specimens from Napo Province, Ecuador. The need for further work on South American pentatomoid immatures stages is briefly discussed.
Primer registro de Polychisme ferruginosus (Stål, 1864) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) en Ecuador
Authors: Faúndez Eduardo I. , Muñoz-Cepeda Karen
Published: February 2022

Se entregan los primeros registros del ligéido Polychisme ferruginosus en Ecuador. La localidad de Pablo Arenas en la Provincia de Imbabura se convierte en la más meridional conocida para esta especie.
Adapt and Serve the Community!: Voices of Families of Youth of Color in Predominantly White, Rural Communities
Authors: Ruggiano Carie
Published: February 2022

Currently, there is limited research that centers the voices of youth of Color and their families living and attending school in rural communities in the United States. This lack of representation is even more prominent among rural youth who identify in culturally, racially, and linguistically diverse ways and who reside and attend schools in predominantly white contexts. This qualitative case study sought to explore the experiences of parents of children who identify as youth of Color and who reside or attend school in predominantly white, rural settings. Drawing from in-depth interviews with five parents from four families, findings reveal that same-race biological parents and transracial adoptive (TRA) parents enact multiple forms of cultural capital as they navigate their communities and their children’s schooling experiences within a broader culture and climate of onlyness. Additional findings indicate the critical need for culturally competent and sustaining practices in predominantly white, rural schools.
Mode-dependent dye absorption in phthalocyanine-doped acrylic optical fiber
Authors: Shigeyama Takahiro , Furukawa Rei
Published: February 2022

Phthalocyanine has attractive features as a dopant for plastic optical fibers. Its planar molecular structure and red absorption band are suitable for the design of fiber-optic strain sensors that use the dynamic orientation of dye induced by the deformation of the host matrix. The guidelines to achieve a phthalocyanine-doped fiber with a ruled dispersing manner were investigated. A synthesized fiber using phthalocyanine decorated with tertiary butyl groups showed mode-dependent absorption, which suggested gradual dye distribution in the core radial direction.
A Bragg reflection waveguide laser operating at an exceptional point
Authors: Peng Ruihong , Sun Shuning
Published: February 2022

A vertical Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW) laser is proposed and simulated for reaching single-mode output, which operates at an exceptional point (EP). We study the properties of the EP-BRW laser using both the transfer matrix method and the traveling wave model. The mode selection mechanism for the EP-BRW laser and the key design parameters for optimum performance are analyzed. The effect of the EP on laser performance is investigated to achieve high confinement transversely of the optical field and low threshold gain. At the EP, such laser system exhibits exotic behaviors, such as high transverse gain, high single-mode stability, and high slope efficiency.
TAKE HOME MESSAGE FOR M.B.B.S STUDENTS FROM NEWLY INTRODUCED ONLINE CLASSES DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Majumder Sirsha , Laha Debjani
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The internet becomes “information superhighway”. From its inception, it had grown such that it
could be accessed from any part of the world. Conventional classroom teaching had been replaced to some extent by
online learning. Almost two years of online classes due to lockdown in Corona virus pandemic, helped the students to understand the future
learning methodology.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the “take home” message for the M.B.B.S students from online classes.
METHODOLOGY: Both live and recorded online classes had been introduced during lockdown period. When medical college opened and
students were back to classes a survey was undertaken based on the semi structured questionnaire based on google form. Responses were
analyzed with Microsoft excel 365 software.
RESULT: 143 out of total 200 students responded (72%). 64% students liked recorded classes, according to them, recorded classes could be
accessed at a convenient time (44%), repeat watching helped to clear the concepts (34%), easily accessible (53%), video could be shared among
the peer groups (61%). Rest of the students preferred live streaming classes. In their opinion, live classes felt like actual class (75%), could
directly interact with friends (66%), asking question directly to the teachers (34%),
They tried to include in future the following aspects of online learning to ofine classroom teaching, those were: start peer group learning,
sharing the useful contents, improvements of technological knowledge and skills, to maintain discipline in the class- there were take home
message for the students after long one year of online classes
CONCLUSION: It was clear if proper strategy had been taken and if widespread internet connections would be provided the online classes
could be effective as classroom teaching.
STUDY OF RISK FACTORS OF STROKE - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN THE RURAL MEDICAL COLLEGE IN NORTH WEST OF INDIA
Authors: Kumar Girish , Bhardwaj Amit , Sharma Vandana
Published: February 2022

Introduction: -Stroke is the leading cause of mortality and physical disability among the all neurological diseases. Risk
factors, type, and incidence varies in different population. With this study we intend to evaluate the prole of patient, and
prevailing management of stroke patients in rural Medical College in North West India. Material methods: -All the stroke patients presenting to
emergency department were included in the study. Demographic prole, stroke types, risk factors were recorded for each stroke patient. Results:
-Among a total of 124 patients 78 were male and 46 female. Mean systolic blood pressure was 155 and mean diastolic blood pressure of 91 mm of
Hg. Ischemic stroke accounted for 73.4% and haemorrhagic stroke for 26.6 %. Hypertension was found in 47 % of ischemic patients and 51 %
haemorrhagic strokes patients. Diabetes was found in 28.6 % of ischemic stroke patients and 24.4% of haemorrhagic stroke patients.
Dyslipidaemia in 3.3% of ischemic and 9 % of haemorrhagic stroke patients. 34% of ischemic and 33% of haemorrhagic stroke patients were
smoker. 8.8% of ischemic stroke patients had past history of stroke and CAD while only 6% haemorrhagic stroke patients had past history of
stroke and none of haemorrhagic strike patient had history of CAD. Conclusion: - Undiagnosed and untreated hypertension and lack of
awareness of the risks factors are some of the areas of concern.
Apreciación, evaluación y desacuerdos estéticos
Authors: Orlando Eleonora
Published: February 2022

La tesis principal del artículo es que los predicados estéticos densos, tales como ‘perturbador’, ’sombrío, ‘equilibrado’, son sensibles a la apreciación, en el mismo sentido en que lo son los predicados de gusto, y, por lo tanto, pueden ser analizados en el marco del relativismo de la verdad. La razón principal que se aduce en favor de esta tesis es que se trata de predicados cuyo uso requiere la aplicación de un estándar estético. Se distinguen dos tipos: por un lado, los predicados experienciales involucran estándares constituidos por estados psicológicos contingentes y aleatorios, característicos de perspectivas estéticas idiosincráticas; por otro, los predicados teóricos involucran la adopción de estándares estables, determinados por perspectivas estéticas canónicas. Esta distinción es utilizada para explicar diferencias entre unos y otros: el uso de predicados experienciales puede dar lugar a desacuerdos estéticos sin falta, semejantes a los desacuerdos sin falta generados por los predicados de gusto, pero eso no ocurre con los predicados teóricos.
سلوك العطاء لدى اطفال الرياض (التمهيدي)
Authors: جواد جعفر جابر
Published: February 2022

يعد سلوك العطاء يحد من السلوك الانانى والرغية بالتملك دون مراعاة الاخرين، إذ إن الانانية والتمركز حول الذات واستمرارها عند الطفل يفضي الى الانعزال والتفرد بارائه والبحث عن المصلحة الذاتية دون مراعاة المصلحة الاجتماعية مما يؤثر سلبا على العلاقات الاجتماعية، ومن ثم يتهدد امن المجتمع وسلامته ووحدته. البحث استهدف البحث الحالى الكشف عن درجة سلوك العطاء لدى اطفال المرحلة التمهيدية، تكون مجتمع من الأطفال في الصف التمهيدي الذين يتواجدون في رياض الأطفال الحكومية والاهلية فى مدينة بغدادا الكرخ الثانية للعام الدراسي ٢٠١٣١٢٠١٢ ،تم اختيار عينة مكونة من (٠ ٤) طفلا وطفلة ،بواقع (٢٠) طفلا من الذكور و (٠ ٢) طفلة من الاناث ،يتضح مما تقدم ان اطفال الرياض يتسمون بسلوك العطاء. اما بالنسبة للفرضية الثانية الخاصة بمتغير الجنس والفرضية الثالثة المحددة بنوع رياض الاطفال فلم تكن دالة احصائية، إذ إن نوع الجنس او نوع الرياض سواء كانت حكومية ام اهلية ليس لها تأثير على سلوك العطاء.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BUMI MEKAR HIJAU (BMH) OGAN KOMERING ILIR PROPINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Anita Yuli
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan dan pelatihan ini merupakan upaya untuk mengembangkan kemampuan intelektual dan kepribadian karyawan. Oleh karena itu setiap organisasi atau perusahaan yang ingin berkembang, pendidikan dan pelatihan karyawannya harus memperoleh perhatian yang lebih besar sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawannya Peneitian ini dilakukan pada PT.BUMI MEKAR HIJAU (BMK) Ogan Komering Ilir Propinsi Sumatera Selatan . Agar sampel yang diambil dapat dikatakan representatif, maka penentuan besarnya sampel ini didasarkan pada uraian Arikunto (2002:112) “Apabila  subyeknya  kurang  dari  100,  lebih  baik  diambil  semua sehingga penelitiannya merupakan penelitian populasi. Selanjutnya jika subyeknya besar (lebih dari 100) dapat diambil antara 10 – 15% atau 20 – 25%   atau  lebih.  Sehingga  berdasarkan  uraian  Arikunto (2002:112 )  jumlah  sampel yang  dibutuhkan  dalam  penelitian  ini adalah:    180 X 25% = 45  karyawan.  Oleh sebab itu hanya 45 lembar kuesioner yang valid untuk dianalisa. Hasil yang didapat dari analisis regresi dengan mengunakan alat SPSS versi 15  menunjukkan bahwa  ada pengaruh dari pendidikan dan latihan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. BUMI MEKAR HIJAU (BMK) Ogan Komering Ilir Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA SATUAN KOMANDO RESOR MILITER 044 GARUDA DEMPO PALEMBANG
Authors: Rahayu Endang
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini menguji Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Satuan Komando Resor Militer 044 Garuda Dempo Palembang. tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh secara Parsial. Dan  mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh secara Simultan. Penelitian ini  menggunakan Koefisien Diterminan (R2) dan  Uji T (secara parsial )

Dari hasil analisis  maka  hasil analisis  tersebut yaitu berdasarkan pengujian secara serempak/simultan (Uji F), ternyata hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa semua variabel dari Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Komitmen Organisasi secara simultan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel dependen, yaitu Kinerja Anggota Satuan Komando Resor militer 044 Garuda Dempo Palembang. Hal ini berarti mendukung hipotesis yang diajukan. Secara parsial (Uji t) dapat disimpulkan bahwa Gaya Kepemimpinan (X1) dan Komitmen Organisasi (X2) memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel Kinerja Anggota Satuan Komando Resor militer 044 Garuda Dempo Palembang. Dan kesimpulan lain yang bisa diambil dari data uji t adalah variabel komitmen organisasi memiliki pengaruh yang paling dominan terhadap variabel Anggota Satuan Komando Resor militer 044 Garuda Dempo Palembang. Hal ini berarti hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa diduga variabel komitmen organisasi memiliki pengaruh yang paling dominan terhadap variabel kinerja Anggota Satuan Komando Resor militer 044 Garuda Dempo Palembang Anggota Satuan Komando Resor militer 044 Garuda Dempo Palembang itu ditolak. Diketahui bahwa nilai Adjusted R Square pada penelitian ini adalah 0,435. Hal ini berarti seluruh variabel bebas yakni gaya kepemimpinan (X1) dan komitmen organisasi (X2), mempunyai kontribusi secara bersama-sama sebesar 43,5% terhadap variabel kinerja Anggota Satuan Komando Resor militer 044 Garuda Dempo Palembang (Y), sedangkan sisanya sebesar 56,5% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lainnya yang tidak masuk dalam penelitian.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR BASARNAS DI SUMATRA SELATAN
Authors: Rasjid Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Kantor Basarnas Propinsi Sumatera Selatan.. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah . Untuk mengetahui dan mengalisis gaya kepemimpinan yang di gunakan di Basarnas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisa kuantitatif yang membahas ada tidaknya pengaruh antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat, dalam hal ini variabel bebas (x) adalah gaya kepemimpinan dan variabel tidak bebas (y) adalah kinerja pegawai.

Pada hasil R square (R2) menunjukkan didapat nilai sebesar 0,013 artinya persentase sumbangan gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai 1,3% sedangkan sisa sebesar 98,7% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model ini. Pada variabel gaya kepemimpinan (X) diperoleh nilai t hitung sebesar 1-195 sedangkan nilai t tabel sebesar 1.645 karena t hitung (-1.945 karena t hitung ( -1.945) > ttabel (1.645), berdasarkan uji hipotesis bahwa gaya kepemimpinan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai.

Hasil yang didapat dari analisis regresi dengan mengunakan alat SPSS versi 15 menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh dari Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Kantor Basarnas Propinsi Sumatera Selatan.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN PT. BANK BUKOPIN, TBK CABANG PALEMBANG
Authors: . Haikal
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan PT. Bank Bukopin Tbk. Dalam penelitian ini yang dimaksud adalah semua karyawan yang ada di PT. Bank Bukopin Tbk. Cabang Palembang berjumlah 115 orang, namun yang diambil sebagian sampel hanya 53 orang dengan metode simple random sampling.

Dari hasil pengolahan data diperoleh persamaan regresi linear sederhana y = 0,664 + 0,804 X dengan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,341, ini menunjukkan bahwa besarnya pengaruh pengembangan karir terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan PT. Bank Bukopin Tbk. Cabang Palembang adalah sebesar 34,1%, sedangkan dari hasil perhitungan nilai koefisien korelasi diperoleh sebesar 0,561. Ini berarti mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat antara pengembangan karir dan motivasi kerja karyawan PT. Bank Bukopin Tbk. Cabang Palembang. Juga didapat nilai thitung sebesar 4,83 dan ttabel sebesar 2,01 yang hasilnya nilai thitung > ttabel. Hal ini berarti H0 ditolak sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan karir memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan PT. Bank Bukopin Tbk. Cabang Palembang.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PDAM TIRTA MUSI UNIT SEBERANG ULU 2 PALEMBANG
Authors: . Martini
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisas dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PDAM Tirta Musi Unit Seberang Ulu 2 Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif kausal. Model analisis yang digunakan yaitu Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 36 responden yang merupakan kinerja karyawan PDAM Tirta Musi Unit Seberang Ulu 2 Palembang.

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah “ apakah dan berpengaruh secara parsial dan simultan terhadap kinerja?” Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda, melalui uji T dan uji F, dengan maksud untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependent pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 % (a = 0,05).

Hasil penguji pada uji T pada variabel budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja, hal terlihat dari nilai t hitung (3,318) > t tabel (2,035), signifikansi (0,00) di bawah atau lebih kecil dari 0,05, sedangkan pada variabel lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja, hal terlihat dari nilai t hitung (4,167) > t tabel (2,035) dan signifikansi (0,00) di bawah atau lebih kecil dari 0, 05. Pada pengujian pada uji F pada variabel budaya organisasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja, hal terlihat dari nilai F hitung (14,694) > F tabel (3,285), dan signifikansi (0,01) di bawah atau lebih kecil dari 0, 05.