bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Helminthosporium Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Sugarcane in Puerto Rico
Authors: Liu Lii-Jang
Published: October 2020

A previously undescribed species of Helminthosporium was isolated from leaves of P.R. 980 and P.R. 1059 showing lesions resembling those of brown stripe. The conidia of the new Helminthosporium isolate resemble those of H. rostratum but the long, constricted, cylindrical rostrate conidia, characteristic of this fungus, are absent. The conidia of H. holmii, another allied species, also were examined. The conidia of the new species are smaller in diameter than those of H. holmii. In view of the variations in size and shape and the absence of the characteristic rostrate conidia, the new fungus is given the name Helminthosporium portoricensis n. sp. Results of the cultural studies indicated that the newly described species has the same optimum temperature and pH range as that of H. rostratum and H. holmii. This new isolate grew comparatively faster, however, than the other two species on potato dextrose agar. Among the varieties tested, P.R. 1207, P.R. 1028, and P.R. 1048 seemed to be particularly resistant to portoricensis.
Diseases of Sugarcane and their Control in Puerto Rico
Authors: Liu Lii-Jang , Adsuar José , Pérez Enrique
Published: October 2020

A sugarcane disease survey was conducted over different mill zones of Puerto Rico during the fall of 1969 and the spring of 1970. It covered the plantations of 10 sugar mills. The results obtained to date indicate that the diseases of major importance are ratoon stunting, chlorotic streak, pineapple disease, and root rot caused by a complex of Pythium, Fusarium and nematodes. The specific disease problems are identified in each area. Special attention was given to disease distribution, economic importance, and possible methods of control. Although in general low incidence of ratoon stunting was observed in commercial plantings, data obtained from previous variety tests indicate this malady to be potentially dangerous. Hot water treatment of seedpieces should be conducted to prevent its further spread. The significance of chlorotic streak disease as a factor in yield decline in Puerto Rico has not yet been completely evaluated. The high incidence of this disease, under present conditions, has given rise to concern. Pineapple disease caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa greatly affects the germination of P.R. 980, especially in areas with poor drainage. Root rots caused by Pythium, Fusarium and nematodes reduced germination of P.O.J. 2878 and H. 328560 by as much as 40 percent in poorly-drained areas.
Design & Development of Garment for Chickenpox infected kids Using of Natural Herbs.
Authors: R. Ammu , M. Jagatheesh , K. Jayasri , A. Sharmila , M. Jesima
Published: October 2020

Textiles are enforced fragment of human life. A new textile called medical
textile which is the combination of medical science and textile technology. It causes
harmful in several ways such as numerous skin disease and it affects all ages from
neonates. Maintaining healthy skin is a needed thing for a healthy body. So the
maintenance with natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. For the
production of new synthetic agents with the help of suitable raw material. In this
system we are using Natural herbs like neem charcoal, screw pine flower, Curcuma
longo particles and these were prepared with 100% cotton fabric. It is mainly used in
kids garment for the application of antimicrobial finishing to protect chickenpox. This
study makes way for usage of eco-friendly and dermatologically safe product
produced using with natural herbs.
HANEHALKI SORUMLUSUNUN YOKSULLUK OLASILIĞINI ETKİLEYEN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİ: DÜZEY 1 BÖLGELERİ
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİ Nurdan
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yoksulluğu etkileyen demografik faktörler hanehalkı sorumlusu bağlamında bölgesel olarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla TÜİK 2017 hanehalkı gelir ve yaşam koşulları anketinden derlenen verilere probit analizi uygulanmıştır. Bağımlı değişken yoksulluk sınırına göre 2 kategorili olarak tanımlanmıştır. Açıklayıcı değişkenler ise hane nüfusu, hanehalkı sorumlusunun yaşı, cinsiyeti, esas faaliyet durumu, medeni durumu, resmi nikâhının olup olmadığı, eğitim seviyesi ve genel sağlık durumudur. Bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, bütün bölgeler için hanehalkı sorumlusunun cinsiyeti, medeni durumu, resmi nikâhlı olup olmaması ve sağlık durumu ailenin yoksulluğu üzerinde anlamlı farklılık sergilememiştir. Bir diğer önemli bulgu ise hanehalkı sorumlusunun eğitim seviyesi arttıkça yoksulluk olasılığının azalmasıdır.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEW REGULATION OF DIGITAL RIGHTS ON JUDICIAL PRACTICE
Authors: Blinov Vladimir G. , Blinova Viktoriya V.
Published: October 2020

A huge interest in learning digital technologies is noted these days. However, at the same time it is necessary to note insufficient degree of available information on this topic, which is due to this phenomenon's novelty. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to analyze comprehensively the litigation practice on applying the legislation on digital rights. The need for this research is due to the lack of a comprehensive legal regulation of new digital technologies, lack of uniform judicial practice on applying the legislation on digital rights. This paper considers and analyzes modern law enforcement approaches to cryptocurrency as an object of civil rights, to transactions with cryptocurrency, dissemination in the Internet of information about cryptocurrency as a virtual means of payment and saving in the territory of the Russian Federation, taxation of digital assets existing in litigation practice. The legal positions of the Bank of Russia, Rosfinmonitoring, FTA of Russia on problematic issues of digital rights are investigated.
IDENTITY THEFT (CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECT)
Authors: Kuzmin Yury A.
Published: October 2020

The problem of illegal unlawful personal data obtaining is updated. The offence involves the “appropriation of identity” of another individual most commonly for the purpose of personal gain. Personal data that the perpetrator encroaches on may represent various kinds of information. The relevance of issues related to committing the most common methods of identity theft is substantiated. The urgency of the research is caused by the fact that identity theft is becoming an increasing problem around the world; criminals are in-venting more and more ways to obtain the information needed to steal personal data that they use for the purpose of committing different crimes. As a result of the perpetrators' use of personal data, the consequences for the victim can be very serious. The victim's stolen identity creates anonymity for criminals and terrorists and poses a threat to both the national security and for private individuals. The problem of preventing identity theft is to minimize the possibility of personal data stealing by lawbreakers, to prevent their illegal seizure. Here, it is important to remember elementary security and safety considerations. Various ways of preventing illegal unlawful seizure of personal data are analyzed.
Innovation and the Success of Women's Small Scale Enterprises in Ghana
Authors: Dzisi Smile , Selvarajah Christopher
Published: October 2020

Innovation is fast becoming a crucial factor in enterprise performance, growth and survival. In recent years, a growing number of studies have demonstrated how innovation leads to success in larger enterprises. Literature addressing innovation in small enterprises in developing countries is limited; most studies in this field are from developed countries. This study therefore aimed at filling the gap by firstly, exploring the innovations introduced in the Ghanaian women-owned small enterprises, and secondly finding out the relationship between these innovations and the women's business success. The innovative practices explored were the introduction of new products and processes, identification of new sources of raw materials and new markets. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined in data collection and analysis. Data has been obtained from a survey of 421 Ghanaian women entrepreneurs and interviews conducted with 50 of those women. The results in the study indicated that the small enterprises engaged in various types of innovative practices such as the adoption of fuel efficient processing methods, diversification of product line, improved packaging and opening of new market outlets. These innovative practices have contributed to the success of the enterprises. Their success factors include self-fulfillment, wealth creation and positive impact on the Ghanaian economy. These findings have policy implications for improved technology and funds allocation to enhance women's role in economic development.

Keywords: Innovation; Business growth; Women-owned small enterprises; Schumpeter's entrepreneurship perspective.
Ghana's Evolutionary Role in a Changing World Economic Order
Authors: Osarcar Barima Joel
Published: October 2020

The world economy has been passing through interesting and significant changes for several years now promising for some (the emerging countries in particular) and not so promising for others (the developed countries). Huge transfer of resources has taken place and the process is continuing. In this context, it is but natural for African observers to raise the question: African share of world resources remaining somewhat unchanged (as per the World Bank data), what is the role and future of the African countries in this changing scenario? Are they going to be partners in the transfer of resources that is being experienced? An attempt has been made here to examine the case of Ghana – a leading economy in the continent. The author wouldcontendthatalthoughthecountryispoisedtogrowspectacularlyassomeforecasterswouldenvisage,thanks to the prospect of oil revenues, Ghana has to traverse a long way if it is to be noticed in the world bodies. Growth and development must occur in substantive measures from the present state of affairs. Agriculture, almost the backbone for any developing country, must take the lead to offer meaningful support to the more promising industry. The real economy, in its basic form, must be properly understood, developed and managed with strategic investments in place. And this must be followed by or accompanied with a vibrant knowledge-based service economy. Failing this, the burgeoning oil wealth may only be hallucinatory at best.

Keywords: Ghanaianeconomy;Worldeconomicorder;Economicforecast
The Evolution and Current Manufacturing Practice Applied to the traditional Dress of Women in Ghana
Authors: Kuma-Kpobee Mercy Afi
Published: October 2020

Traditional dress for women in Ghana, known as “slit and kaba”, previously required no standardised sizing and fit, but as this dress has undergone an evolution and taken on more western features, the fit and manufacturing quality have become increasingly important. This paper evaluates the effect of the evolution of the slit and kaba on the current manufacturing processes adopted by the micro and small scale enterprises in Ghana. A qualitative approach was adopted to collect data in three metropolitan centres in Ghana from dressmakers of the traditional dress. An inductive approach through the grounded theory technique was utilised to analyse the data and the findings revealed that the traditional dress has undergone a considerable change in fit and form. The over reliance on trainee apprentices as workers has affected the quality of garments produced in relation to standardisation. It is also evident that most of the dressmakers rely on domestic equipment which is rudimentary in terms of technological development. This paper highlights the importance of skills and adequate equipment in the achievement of fit and quality in the area of garment manufacture in Ghana.

Keywords: Garmentmanufacture;Qualitystandards;Fit;Traditionaldress;Evolution.
Using Multiple Discriminant Analysis to Construct a Statistical Model for Predicting Bank Loan Repay and Default Customers in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Abledu Godfred Kwame
Published: October 2020

Banks that lend to small businesses and individuals need to quickly assess the creditworthiness of prospectiveborrowers so as to reduce the probability of issuing bad loans while attempting to maintain their own profitability. It was for these reasons that credit institutions have made several attempts at modeling and reliably forecasting credit default using numerous statistical approaches. The objective of the study was to develop a model which could be used to identify likely future defaulters. The population for the study was all financial institutions were in the Eastern Region of Ghana. A number of banks that could give the needed data for the study was purposefully chosen and a random sample of 150 customers were randomly selected to provide data on the study variables which include customers’ financial standing, reason to loan, employment and demographic information. The statistical model obtained indicated four important influences - total asset, total income, family size and number of years with current employer as the most discriminating variables between the repay and default group. The validity of the model was confirmed using several diagnostic analytical procedures. The importance of examining a model’s sensitivity and specificity in the context of one’s specific, real-world objectives was also discussed.

Keywords: Loan repay and default; Creditworthiness; Prospective borrowers; Statistical models in banking; Multiple discriminant analysis.
International Remittances and Economic Growth in Ghana: Does the Measure Of Financial Development Matter?
Authors: Antwi Samuel , Koranteng Eugene Oware , Koranteng Eugene Oware
Published: October 2020

Empirical results of the effect of international remittances on economic growth of individual countries and groups of countries have yielded mixed results. This study is intended to add to the debate on the impact of international remittances on the aggregate output of individual countries, Ghana in this case. An earlier panel data study found a negative impact of remittance on real GDP and prompted further research on the topic for individual countries and groups of countries. The papers which followed and were able to correct for endogeneity in the models, found a mild positive impact of private unrequited remittances on economic growth. The impact of remittances on economic growth of a particular country depends on the proportion of remittances invested and consumed, the level of financial development and the quality of institutions in the country. This study used time series data from 1990 to 2014 on Ghana and found a positive impact of remittances on the growth rate of real GDP. Engel and Granger Cointegration test and Error Correction Models were used. Remittances were found to be pro-cyclical. Granger causality tests which corrects for the errors of cointegrated variables found causality running from financial development to remittances and from remittances to real GDP. Remittances have been found in other studies to benefit the Ghanaian economy by reducing poverty and sustaining the current account. This study shows a positive impact of remittances on aggregate output. Thus requiring policies to increase the flows and encourage their investment.

Keywords: International Remittances, Economic Growth, Ghana, Financial Development.
Performance Evaluation of a Cowpea Thresher at Various Moisture Contents
Authors: Asante Eric Amoah , Kallai Wilson Kwaku , Bonney John , Amuaku Randy
Published: October 2020

To improve the quality of threshed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), produced by rural farmers in Ghana, and determine the best machine-crop parameters combination for optimum performance, a cowpea thresher was developed and evaluated at different moisture contents. The cowpea after harvesting was divided into five units and dried to 20.7, 18.4, 15.5, 13.5 and 12.6 % seed moisture contents. The effect of seed moisture contents on threshing quality was assessed at 735 rpm rotor speed using the white with black eye cowpea. The performance test showed that 12.6 % had the highest throughput of 77.56 kg/h with the lowest of 66.28 kg/h from the 20.7%. The seed damage ranged from 1.64 to 9.46 % and threshing efficiency from 93.11 to 99.40 %. Analyses done at 5% level of significance indicated no significant difference in the throughput and threshing efficiencies. However, seed damage had significant difference. Subsequently, analysis performed on the data for seed loss of 12.6 and 13.5 % which were the best performing moisture contents showed no significant differences. Therefore, seed moisture contents less than 13.5 % and rotor speeds less than 735 rpm are the crop- machine parameters combination for optimum thresher performance.

Key words: Design; Throughput; Impact Force; Seed Loss; Simulation
International tourist’s expenditure on souvenirs in Ghana: Do their socio-demographics have any influence?
Authors: Gamor Emmanuel , Kugbonu Mawufemor Abla
Published: October 2020

Shopping for souvenir is an important aspect of the tourism activity which almost all tourists participate in. The purpose of this paper is to examine the expenditure pattern of international tourists on souvenirs in Accra. The study adopted the descriptive design and questionnaire was administered to gather data. Data collected from 196 international tourists who were sampled from hotspots in Accra, using convenient sampling method, revealed that there was a significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of tourists and expenditure on souvenirs. Therefore, socio-demographic characteristics of an individual was found to have likely influence on the individual’s expenditure on souvenirs. Also, a majority of the respondents, who were first time visitors, spent less on souvenirs. A significant average expenditure on souvenirs signifies that the souvenirs business is a profitable business that needs to be maintained and enhanced. Majority of the respondents had souvenirs as part of their purchase plans. Leisure travellers were noted to spend more on souvenirs than other travellers. Souvenir shopping generates a good amount of money and as such the Centre for National Culture and Ghana Tourism Authority should embark on activities aimed at packaging and promoting the arts and crafts of the country so as to arouse sales of souvenirs.Keywords: Souvenirs, Arts and Crafts, Tourists, Expenditure, Purchase
Sustainable Environmental Practices and Financial Performance Relationships. Are they moderated by Cash Resources? Evidence from Alternative Investment Market in the UK
Authors: Boakye Danquah Jeff , Ahinful Gabriel Sam , Nsor-Ambala Randolph
Published: October 2020

This paper examines how cash resources affect the sustainable environmental practices and financial performance of firms listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) in the United Kingdom (UK). The study adopts Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model on 201 quoted Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on the UK Alternative Investment Market (AIM) from 2011 to 2016. Consistent with our predictions and confirms with the assertions of the resource-based view, the study documents that cash resources have a positive impact on sustainable environmental practices and financial performance relationships. However, the direction of the regression coefficient was not the same for accounting (ROA) and market-based (Tobin’s q) measures of financial performance. Whereas the moderating impact between cash resources and sustainable environmental practices for ROA was negative, the relationship was positive in the case of Tobin’s q. The study, therefore, concluded that where excessive cash are employed in the management and implementation of environmental sustainability, the financial returns may not be favourable. However, efficient utilisation of cash resources may positively impact on sustainable environmental practices and financial performance relationships. The study also documented that unconstraint firms have a higher probability of benefiting financially from environmental sustainability measures than cash constraint firms. Citation: Danquah Jeff Boakye1, Gabriel Sam Ahinful2 and Randolph Nsor-Ambala3. Sustainable Environmental Practices and Financial Performance Relationships. Are they moderated by Cash Resources? Evidence from Alternative Investment Market in the United Kingdom., 2020; 5(1): 14－29. Received: (February 15, 2020) Accepted: (March 31, 2020)
Internal Migration and Poverty Reduction in Ghana
Authors: Awuse Nicholas , Tadoh Offi Patrick , Acakpovi Amevi
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, policymakers and researchers are discussing the relationship between internal migrations on poverty reduction. The uneven economic developments in Ghana these days, among others, have made the essential towns a des tination for internal migrants from other areas of the country. This study examines internal migration that acts as a way o ut of area poverty where conservative strategies on poverty reduction have failed to draw on empirical evidence on Ghana's civil movement. It is also examining how internal migration leads to economic development in rural areas. For the migrants a proportionate sample size of 680 used. Snowball sampling utilized for population selection (migrants) Gathered data from six regions and 38 districts in Ghana.It was analysed using questionnaires and interviews using versi on 22 of the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS). The research also used statistical methods such as multinomial re gression, Spearman rank analysis of correlation, and ordinal model regression. Internal migration has a positive effect on poverty alleviation in Ghana bringing good drinking water supplies, electricity expansion, sanitation facilities, improved incomes, better healthcare, better nutrition, savings and investment opportunities to migrants, their families and communities among others. In order to maximize the effect of internal migration, the study recommended policy, theoretical and practical interventions on poverty reduction in Ghana
Colecta y aspectos morfo-agronómicos de germoplasma nativo de maíz Chococeño
Authors: Amú Ana Viviana , Pérez Tamayo Nelly , Ruiz Gómez Cesar
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del artículo fue colectar y caracterizar morfo-fisiológicamente el germoplasma de maíz raza Chococito nativo del Pacífico colombiano y conservar el material en un banco de germoplasma para posteriores estudios de mejoramiento. Dicha investigación se llevó a cabo en las parcelas experimentales de la empresa Semillas Valle S. A. ubicada en el municipio el Cerrito, departamento del Valle del Cauca, tuvo una duración de 8 meses, para lo cual se seleccionarán los sitios de colecta (localidad) teniendo en cuenta diferencias climáticas, culturales y económicas de los municipios de Satinga, Timbiqui, López de Micay y Guápi en el departamento del Cauca, El Charco en Nariño, Bahía Solano en Chocó, ríos Dagua, Calima, Mayorquin, San Juan en el Valle del Cauca. Dentro de cada localidad se tomaron 5 muestras, cada muestra constituida por 5 mazorcas representativas de la población de muestra. Cada mazorca constituyó una submuestra/localidadad, a 14% de humedad.
Stronger inhibitory effects of ticagrelor plus aspirin compared with clopidogrel plus aspirin on arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndrome with PCI
Authors: Zhichao Dong  , Hengbo Zhai  , Lifei Pan  , Bo Zhang
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Antagonists of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor, P2Y12 may inhibit platelet aggregation resulting from stimulation with arachidonic acid (AA). The potent P2Y12 blocker, ticagrelor has greater anti-platelet effects than clopidogrel. We explored the effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel on mean maximum aggregation ratios (MAR%) in response to AA stimulation in patients receiving conventional aspirin dosages. A total of 613 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients were followed from October 2017 to October 2018. At the 1- and 6-month follow-up visit, mean AA-MAR% was lower in the ticagrelor group when compared with the clopidogrel group (28.9% vs. 31.7%, 28.4% vs. 31.0%, P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). BARC1-2 bleeding occurred with greater frequency with ticagrelor rather than clopidogrel treated patients (29.3% vs. 9.5%, P<0.001; 23.5% vs. 9.3%, P<0.001). Excessive platelet inhibition and decreased AA-MAR% were considered the main reasons for the severe subcutaneous/dermal bleeding in ticagrelor treated patients.
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Assessment of coping with stress in patients with schizophrenic in a Community Mental Health Centre, in Turkey
Authors: Gulay Tasdemir Yigitoglu  , Gulseren Keskin
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To assess schizophrenia patients’ approach toward coping with stress in terms of demographic variables.

Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the State Hospital Community Mental Health Centre, Turkey, from November 1, 2013, to April 30, 2014, and comprised patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data was collected using Sociodemographic Information Form, and the Coping Assessment Questionnaire Inventory. It was analysed using SPSS 18. 

Results: Of the 53 patients, 14(26.4%) were females, and 39(73.5%) were males. The overall mean age was 38±10.66 years. Highest mean score was recorded for the emotion-focussed coping subscale which was 63.49±10.64. Female patients used emotional social support, focussing on problems and venting emotions techniques (p<0.05). Patients who did not use alcohol received higher scores from religious coping subscales, while patients who used alcohol scored higher from substance use and dysfunctional coping subscales (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Most schizophrenia patients were found to be using emotion-focussed coping methods.

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Are VLEs still worthwhile?
Authors: Davies Christine Patricia
Published: October 2020

This opinion piece considers the current value of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), and associated technologies such as e-portfolios, from the perspective of both lecturers and learners. Student satisfaction is discussed, and the relationship between VLE engagement and academic performance is considered. The piece concludes by highlighting the need for flexibility in the ways in which universities utilise technologies for teaching and learning.
The role of personal tutoring in supporting the transition to university: experiences and views of widening participation sport students
Authors: Hayman Rick , Coyles Andrew , Mellor Antony , Wharton Karl
Published: October 2020

Despite the large and diverse cohorts annually recruited to Higher Education sport programmes in the UK, research exploring sport students’ experiences of transitioning into university is very limited. This study was conducted in response to several years of low retention and progression rates across first year sport degree programmes at a post-92 university in the UK. Through focus groups, the study explored the role played by the personal tutor in supporting effective transition of recently enrolled first year sport students from widening participation backgrounds. Most noticeably, the main contributory factors were found to be the nurturing of social integration and use of student-centred personal tutoring approaches to do so. The study further outlined how many widening participation sport students enter university with negative previous personal tutoring experiences and have limited understanding and misguided expectations of the role. The collective findings provide academic colleagues and university management with evidence of one model of effective support for a successful transition into university. Practical implications for widening participation students studying both sport and other degree subjects are presented, as are future research avenues and study limitations.
START-UPS AND INTERNATIONALISATION: THE CASE OF ROMANIA. PART 2. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Herte Anamaria Diana , Cenan Monica
Published: October 2020

Companies’ creation and growth are a fervently debated topic in the literature and economic policies, at least for the fact that they are related to maintaining a critical number of active companies, an essential aspect of the functioning of the economy and society. Growth is associated with overcoming the stage of survival and ensures the development and consolidation of existing companies, meanwhile the establishment of the new ones means the replacement of those that disappear from the economic landscape. The launch and expansion of young companies could lead to a positive balance in terms of employment, income, incentive of demand to other sectors and regions, boosting their development. New firms are often associated with innovation and technological change, competitiveness and competition on the market. The survival, growth and consolidation of companies occurs not only as a result of quantitative accumulations, but also as a result of the incorporation of new technologies, an open attitude towards innovation, whether it is technical, managerial or commercial. Growth is therefore a normal phenomenon in the life of a company, which must be encouraged and supported by public measures as part of a smart and forward-looking economic policy. Growth may be local, but it usually takes place at national, regional and international levels. In the first part of this article we have presented and discussed the theoretical background as it results of previous researches and official studies and reports, internationalization opportunities and some features and trends of internationalization of companies in the EU, and Romania, respectively. We now present our investigation to determine whether, and to what extent, internationalisation is relevant to start-ups, if there is a possible correlation between the 6 selected indicators of internationalisation as revealed by World Bank Data on one hand, and the number of start-ups in Romania on the other hand.
Development of Economic Science Through the Concept of Economic Competition
Authors: Orynbet Perizat , El-Hodiri Mohamed
Published: October 2020

Many authors present the term "competitiveness" in a sense of ability to defeat rivals to achieve goals. Moreover, many economists rely on the definition of "competition" as a "contest". Competition is a continuous trend of methods of strive in different areas constantly applying new approaches. Competitiveness can ensure the continuity of this process. Competition is a struggle, that is, the ability to take action in any situation at any time to overcome it. Competition is the contest of organizations in the same market sector with similar interests. The intensity and structure of competition affect its forms and level. In general, the concepts of competition and competitiveness are studied in depth and comprehensively in Economics. Despite of that there is no unified definition of these concepts among scholars, and each researcher provides various definitions from own perspective of the field of study. This article discusses the history of the concept of economic competition in chronological order. The authors analyzed the basic conceptual approaches of economic thoughts of the development of economic competition according to  their  classifications.  The main attention is paid to the concept of competition in the economic sense. The author offers a vision of the concept of economic competition This indicates the complexity and importance of the issue, as well as the need for further theoretical and practical research in this area.
PEMBENTUKAN AKHLAK ANAK DIDIK MELALUI PENGAMALAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Rahmah Siti
Published: October 2020

Pendidikan dalam pelaksanaannya selama ini dikenal sebagai usaha yang berbentuk bimbingan terhadap anak didik tersebut ke arah pencapaian cita-cita tertentu dan sebagai proses perubahan sikap dan tingkah laku ke arah yang lebih baik. Diantara solusi yang perlu diupayakan dalam membentuk sikap, kepribadian dan tingkah laku (Akhlakul Karimah) melalui pendidikan agama Islam, baik secara formal di sekolah maupun secara non formal di tempat pembinaan agama lainnya. Agama Islam merupakan dasar utama dalam memdidik anak-anaknya melalui sarana pendidikan, karena dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai agama dan pembiasaan pengamalan pendidikan agama Islam akan sangat membantu terbentuknya akhlak dan kperibadian anak-anak pada masa dewasa.
Farklı Cinsel Yönelimlerden Bireylerin Romantik Aşka Dair Söylemleri
Authors: YAVUZ Pınar , ŞAH Umut
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yaşayan farklı cinsel yönelimlerden bireylerin “romantik aşka” dair açıklamalarını hangi söylemsel kaynaklara dayandırdıklarını incelemektir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını 21-43 yaş arası, farklı cinsel yönelimlerden 15 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Her bir katılımcıyla bireysel olarak gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler, katılımcıların onayı dahilinde ses kaydedilmiş ve ardından birebir şekilde yazıya geçirilmiştir. Görüşme metinleri, Wetherell ve Potter (1988) tarafından geliştirilen “açıklayıcı repertuarlar” yaklaşımı çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, katılımcıların romantik aşka dair açıklamalarına kaynaklık eden yedi farklı açıklayıcı repertuara ulaşılmıştır: Sevgiden farklı olarak aşk, ilk aşk, stratejiye dayanan aşk, bilinmezlikten beslenen aşk, işlevselliği etkileyen aşk, ihtiyaç olarak aşk ve heteroseksüel olmayan aşk. Bulgulara genel olarak bakıldığında, romantik aşkın farklı alanlarda ve farklı söylemsel bağlamlarda yansımaları olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, romantik aşk, egemen kültürün ataerkil düzeni içinde, toplumsal cinsiyet normlarının, heteronormatif söylemlerin ve popüler kültürün şekillendirdiği aşk temsilleriyle ve öznel deneyimlerle yoğrulurken tek bir düzlemde onu tanımlamaya çalışmak mümkün görünmemektedir.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengentasan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Bedah Rumah
Authors: Tondo Simson
Published: October 2020

Along with decentralization, poverty alleviation efforts are not only the responsibility of the central government but also the local government by presenting various policies. One policy that is considered to empower the community is the policy of poverty alleviation through home surgery program conducted by North Halmahera District Government precisely in North Loloda District. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of poverty alleviation policy through home surgery program. The results of this study show the implementation of the home surgery program is not in accordance with the program objectives and expectations of the program itself, this is seen from: First, the lack of communication or socialization directly to the community about the home surgery program. Secondly, the manpower who used to make the house is a Civil Servant who certainly has no expertise in working and making homes and budgets that are not available in the North Halmahera District Budget in 2011 and part of the budget is collected of the contributions of certain parties. Thirdly, local governments do not have a commitment in terms of honesty and democratic, wherein the implementation of programs in the field there are still jobs that are not on the target program and there is injustice in determining target families. Fourth, the implementation of the program is not in accordance with the mechanism as expected because the project of home surgery program is not planned and planned in the Regional Budget in 2011, also some of the funds collected from non-governmental organizations and Civil Servants and labor in use work is a civil servant.
Geostationary Communication Satellite Solar Array Optimization Using Gravitation Search Algorithm
Authors: Oukil Souad , Boudjemai Abdelmadjid
Published: October 2020

The preliminary design of geostationary communication satellite solar array is presented in this work. Based on the power requirements, power margin requirements and performance requirements, the number of panels, strings and cells to be used on the solar array were defined. The main objective of this study was to optimize the power generated from the satellite solar array and the extraction of the parameters of a photovoltaic module, which is subject to the space environment and under a series of practical constraints, in order to extract the desired performance parameters for multiobjective functions, taking into account the solstice and equinox periods during temperature operation. A gravitational search algorithm based on the law of gravity and mass interactions was introduced. This algorithm has proved its effectiveness in optimizing system parameters in the literature. From the results obtained in this work, the total power of the optimized system was reduced by 181 W. The degradation and output power characteristics of the solar panels were calculated for different temperature values.
Theoretical and Experimental Heat of Combustion Analysis of Paraffin-Based Fuels as Preburn Characterization for Hybrid Rocket
Authors: Pal Yash , Raja Anthony , Gopalakrishnan Kavitha
Published: October 2020

The energy characteristics and theoretical performance of the hybrid rocket fuels are discussed in this paper. Aluminum (Al) and boron (B) metal additives were used to increase the energy density of the paraffin-based solid fuels. To predict the energy characteristics, the heat of combustion was evaluated by adiabatic bomb calorimetry. Theoretical performance parameters such as specific impulse (Isp), flame temperature, and characteristic velocity were obtained with NASA Chemical Equilibrium with Applications (CEA) code. Calorimetric test results revealed that paraffin/polyethylene/boron (P/PE/B)-based fuel formulations exhibited the highest heat of combustion among all the tested fuels. The heat of combustion value of the P/PE/B sample at 25 wt% B loading was found to be 9612 ±16 cal/g and 9293±17 cal/g for the P/PE/Al fuel formulation. The CEA results showed that the addition of Al to paraffin is noneffective in improving specific impulse performance. When B loading increased from 5 to 25 wt% in the P/PE/B, the Isp increased by 47 s compared to pure paraffin. A specific impulse increase implies the possible propellant mass saving. The reduction of the oxidizer and fuel masses may yield increased payload performance for given boundary conditions. The P/PE/B25 formulation has reported the highest value of characteristics velocity (C*) compared to other paraffin-based formulation.
What can we learn about urban air quality with regard to the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic? A case study from Central Europe
Authors: Salma Imre , Vörösmarty Máté , Gyöngyösi András Zénó , Thén Wanda , Weidinger Tamás
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Motor vehicle road traffic in central Budapest was reduced by approximately 50 % of its ordinary level for several weeks as a consequence of various limitation measures introduced to mitigate the first outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The situation was utilised to assess the real potentials of urban traffic on air quality. Concentrations of NO, NO2, CO, O3, SO2 and particulate matter (PM) mass, which are ordinarily monitored in cities for air quality considerations, aerosol particle number size distributions, which are not rarely measured on-line continuously on longer run for research purposes and basic meteorological properties usually available were jointly evaluated. The largest changes occurred in the time interval of the severest limitations (partial lock-down in the Restriction phase from 28 March to 17 May 2020). Concentrations of NO, NO2, CO, total particle number (N6–1000) and particles with a diameter
Insights into wind turbine reflectivity and RCS and their variability using X-band weather radar observations
Authors: Lainer Martin , Figueras i Ventura Jordi , Schauwecker Zaira , Gabella Marco , F.-Bolaños Montserrat , Pauli Reto , Grazioli Jacopo
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The increasing need of renewable energy fosters the expansion of wind turbine sites for power production throughout Europe with manifold effects, both on the positive and negative side. The latter concerns, among others, radar observations in the proximity of wind turbine (WT) sites. With the aim of better understanding the effects of large, moving scatterers like wind turbines on radar returns, MeteoSwiss performed two dedicated measurement campaigns with a mobile X-band Doppler polarimetric weather radar (METEOR 50DX) in the north-eastern part of Switzerland in March 2019 and March 2020. Based on the usage of a X-band radar system, the performed campaigns are up to now unique. The main goal was to quantify the effects of wind turbines on the observed radar moments, to retrieve the radar cross section (RCS) of the turbine themselves, and to investigate the conditions leading to the occurrence of the largest RCS. Dedicated scan strategies, consisting of PPI (Plan Position Indicator), RHI (Range-height Indicator) and fixed-pointing modes, were defined and used for observing a wind park consisting of three large wind turbines. During both campaigns, measurements were taken in 24/7 operation. The highest measured maxima of horizontal reflectivity (ZH) and RCS reached 78.5 dBZ respectively 44.1 dBsm. A wind turbine orientation (yawing) stratified statistical analysis shows no clear correlation with the received maximum returns. However, the median values and 99th percentiles of ZH and RCS show different enhancements for specific relative orientations. Further, we show, based on investigating correlations and an OLS (ordinary least square) model analyses, that the fast changing rotor blade angle (pitch) is a key parameter, which strongly contributes to the variability of the observed returns.
A Climate Service for Ecologists: Sharing pre-processed EUROCORDEX
Regional Climate Scenario Data using the eLTER
Information System
Authors: Rennie Susannah , Goergen Klaus , Wohner Christoph , Apweiler Sander , Peterseil Johannes , Watkins John
Published: October 2020

Abstract. eLTER was a Horizon 2020 project with the aim of advancing the development of long-term ecosystem research infrastructure in Europe. This paper describes how eLTER Information System infrastructure has been expanded by a climate service data product providing access to specifically pre-processed regional climate change scenario data from a state-of-the-art regional climate model ensemble of the COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment project (CORDEX) for 702 registered ecological research sites across Europe. This tailored, expandable, easily accessible dataset follows FAIR principles and allows researchers to describe the climate at these sites, explore future projections for different climate change scenarios and make regional climate change assessments and impact studies. The data for each site are available for download from the EUDAT Collaborative Data Infrastructure B2SHARE service and can be easily accessed and visualised through the Dynamic Ecological Information Management System – Site and Dataset Registry (DEIMS-SDR), a web-based information management system which shares detailed information and metadata on ecological research sites around the globe. This paper describes these data and how they can be accessed by users through the extended eLTER Information System architecture. The data and supporting information are available from B2SHARE. Each individual site (702 sites are available) dataset has its own DOI. To aid data discovery, a persistent B2SHARE lookup table has been created which matches the DOIs of the individual B2SHARE record with each DEIMS site ID. This look up table is available at http://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.bf41278d91b445bda4505d5b1eaac26c (eLTER EURO-CORDEX Climate Service, 2020).
TransEBM v. 1.0: Description, tuning, and validation of a transient
model of the Earth’s energy balance in two dimensions
Authors: Ziegler Elisa , Rehfeld Kira
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Modeling the long-term transient evolution of climate remains a technical and scientific challenge. However, understanding and improved modeling of the long-term behavior of the climate system increases confidence in projected changes in the mid- to long-term future. Energy balance models (EBMs) provide simplified and computationally efficient descriptions of long timescales and allow large ensemble runs by parameterizing energy fluxes. This way, they can be used to pinpoint periods and phenomena of interest. Here, we present an extended version of the two-dimensional energy balance model by Zhuang et al. (2017a). Transient CO2, solar insolation, orbital configuration, fixed ice coverage and land-sea distribution are implemented as effective radiative forcings at the land surface. We show that the model is most sensitive to changes in CO2 and ice distribution, but the obliquity and land-sea mask have significant influence on modeled temperatures as well. We tune the new model to reproduce the 1960–89 C.E. global mean temperature, equator-to-pole, and seasonal temperature gradient of the ERA20CM reanalysis (Hersbach et al., 2015). The resulting latitudinal and seasonal temperature distributions agree well with reanalysis and the general circulation model (GCM) HadCM3 for a simulation of the past millennium. We find that the EBM lacks internal climatic variability. This is attributed mostly to its reduced descriptions of heat transport and the hydrological cycle. As the model facilitates long transient simulations, we envisage its use in exploratory studies of stochastic forcing and perturbed parameterizations, thus complementing studies with comprehensive GCMs.
Navigating Naturopathic Remedies in Oncology
Authors: Hossain Nafis , Nguyen Mary
Published: October 2020

The use of naturopathic and other alternative forms of cancer treatment are pervasive, and many patients may firmly believe in their effectiveness. This can present headwinds for physicians who have been trained to incorporate evidence-based practices into their care. This underscores the need for health care providers to be cognizant of the impact of these alternative therapies; it is imperative to understand patient perspectives regarding their use and find middle ground where it exists. We had the opportunity to speak with Dr. David Palma, who is a radiation oncologist and clinician-scientist at the London Health Sciences Centre who has had a vested interest in improving patient access to quality cancer treatment. In this article, Dr. Palma discusses his thoughts about the rising trend of alternative cancer treatments, and how we as future physicians can reconcile with their growing influence.
Many systems, one strategy: Acquiring ordinals in Dutch and English
Authors: Meyer Caitlin , Barbiers Sjef , Weerman Fred
Published: October 2020

This study compares ordinal acquisition in Dutch and English, and shows that both groups of learners acquire ordinals via a rule, rather than lexically. Our evidence comes from a Give-X type comprehension task (cf. Wynn 1992, Meyer et al. 2018, under review) which we administered to 70 Dutch L1 learners (2;08–4;11) and 35 learners of American English (3;3–5;3). The data not only offer a replication of the core findings in Meyer et al. (2018), showing that Dutch-speaking children acquire irregular forms (such as derde ‘third’) after they acquire regular synthetic forms (such as vierde ‘fourth’), but also show that (i) children acquire irregular forms after analytic forms (e.g., boot zes ‘boat six’), and (ii) the rule-based pattern that holds for Dutch also holds for English. We argue that children use the ordinal form to acquire its meaning, which implies that ordinals are acquired in a different way than cardinal numerals (which follow a slow, sequential pattern), and also what is typically described for derivation (which initially tends to follow a lexical pattern, i.e., one in which complex forms are stored as wholes before children learn they can be formed productively by means of a rule).