bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cleaning the beam halo using nonlinear ac magnets
Authors: Capoani F. , Bazzani A. , Giovannozzi M.
Published: January 2025

Recently, nonlinear effects have been used to cool a special beam represented by an annular distribution in a 2D phase space. This outcome was accomplished using an ac dipole combined with amplitude detuning generated by static nonlinear magnets. In this paper, we investigate a more realistic scenario, in which a beam distribution in a 4D phase space includes the presence of a beam halo and demonstrate how the latter can be removed using nonlinear effects. The proposed approach employs high-order nonlinear ac magnets to trap into nonlinear resonances and to perform an adiabatic transport of the beam halo in phase space. Theoretical models are formulated and examined using numerical simulations to evaluate their efficacy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Merging high localization and TE-TM polarization degeneracy of guided waves in dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Li Rui , Polevoy Sergey , Tuz Vladimir R. , Yermakov Oleh
Published: January 2025

The polarization degree of freedom is an inherent feature of plane waves propagating in an isotropic homogeneous medium. The miniaturization of optical systems leads to the high localization of electromagnetic waves, but also to the loss of polarization control, namely, breaking TE-TM polarization degeneracy. In this work, we discover the near-field polarization degree of freedom for highly localized guided waves propagating along a dielectric metasurface. We demonstrate the opportunity to create a metasurface with the degenerate TE-TM polarization spectrum for the required operating wavelength and different constitutive materials. In particular, we analyze several possible implementations including silicon nitride and ceramic metasurfaces consisting of disk-shaped resonators, and evaluate the impact of substrates. Finally, we experimentally implement one of the metasurface designs and verify its broadband degenerate TE-TM polarization spectrum. The obtained results form an alternative platform for the planar polarization devices utilizing the polarization degree of freedom of localized light.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Determination of the London penetration depth with the tunnel diode oscillator technique
Authors: Mikitik G. P.
Published: January 2025

Using a distribution of the Meissner currents over the surface of an infinitely long superconducting slab with a rectangular cross section, the magnetic moment of the slab is calculated, taking into account corrections associated with a small but finite value of the London penetration depth λ. Since these corrections determine the shift of the resonant frequency in the tunnel-diode oscillator technique, formulas for determining λ within this technique are derived for the slab. These formulas are valid for any aspect ratio of its cross section, and they differ from those that are often used in analyzing experimental data. Specifically, it is shown that the sharp edges of the slab can cause a large frequency shift proportional to the change in the value of λ2/3. Although this result complicates the extraction of a temperature dependence of λ from the frequency shift, it also opens up additional possibilities for determining the London penetration depth. In particular, under certain conditions, it is possible not only to measure the changes in λ with temperature, but also to estimate its absolute value.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Emergent topology in many-body dissipative quantum matter
Authors: García-García Antonio M. , Sá Lucas , Verbaarschot Jacobus J. M. , Yin Can
Published: January 2025

The identification, description, and classification of topological features is an engine of discovery and innovation in several fields of physics. This research encompasses a broad variety of systems, from the integer and fractional Chern insulators in condensed matter, to protected states in complex photonic lattices in optics, and the structure of the QCD vacuum. Here, we introduce another playground for topology: the dissipative dynamics of pseudo-Hermitian many-body quantum systems. For that purpose, we study two different systems, the dissipative Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, and a quantum chaotic dephasing spin chain. For the two different many-body models, we find the same topological features for a wide range of parameters suggesting that they are universal. In the SYK model, we identify four universality classes, related to pseudo-Hermiticity, characterized by a rectangular block representation of the vectorized Liouvillian that is directly related to the existence of an anomalous trace of the unitary operator implementing fermionic exchange. As a consequence of this rectangularization, we identify a topological index ν that only depends on symmetry. Another distinct consequence of the rectangularization is the observation, for any coupling to the bath, of purely real topological modes in the Liouvillian. The level statistics of these real modes agree with that of the corresponding random matrix ensemble and therefore can be employed to characterize the four topological symmetry classes. In the limit of weak coupling to the bath, topological modes govern the approach to equilibrium, which may enable a direct path for experimental confirmation of topology in dissipative many-body quantum chaotic systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Net proton number cumulants from viscous hydrodynamics with an equation of state including a critical end point
Authors: Shen Yifan , Chen Wei , Wu Xiang-Yu , Xu Kun , Huang Mei
Published: January 2025

In the SMASH-CLVisc-hybrid framework, including SMASH for the initial conditions and the hadronic rescattering stage, and CLVisc for the quark gluon plasma evolution, we investigate net baryon number fluctuations via considering the equation of state (EoS) with and without a critical end point (CEP) in the quantum chromodynamic (QCD) phase transition. Specifically, two distinct QCD EoSs are utilized: one with smooth crossover derived from NEOS and another with a critical end point sourced from the rPNJL model. Our results show that nonmonotonic behavior of κσ2 is not observed above the collision energy 7.7GeV, nor are there explicit differences between the EoS characterized by crossover and that by CEP. This could be attributed to the significant deviation of the freeze-out line from the location of CEP. It is also found that the pure SMASH result of κσ2 is positive and close to zero at 3 GeV, which is different from the negative value observed from STAR.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Mass ordering sum rule for the neutrino disappearance channels in T2K, NOvA, and JUNO
Authors: Parke Stephen J. , Funchal Renata Zukanovich
Published: January 2025

We revisit, reformulate, and extend a method for determining the neutrino mass ordering by using precision measurements of the atmospheric Δm2  s in both electron and muon neutrino disappearance channels, first proposed by the authors in 2005 [H. Nunokawa , ]. The mass ordering is a very important outstanding question for our understanding of the elusive neutrino and determination of the mass ordering has consequences to particle physics, nuclear physics, and cosmology. The JUNO reactor experiment will start data taking this year, and the precision of the atmospheric Δm2  s from electron antineutrino measurements will improve by a factor of 3 from Daya Bay’s 2.4% to 0.8% within a year. This measurement, when combined with the atmospheric Δm2’s measurements from T2K and NOvA for muon neutrino disappearance, will contribute substantially to the Δχ2 between the two remaining neutrino mass orderings. In this paper we derive for the first time a mass ordering sum rule that can be used to address the possibility that JUNO’s atmospheric Δm2’s measurement, when combined with other experiments in particular T2K and NOvA, can determine the neutrino mass ordering at the 3σ confidence level within one year of operation. For a confidence level of 5σ in a single experiment, we will have to wait until the middle of the next decade when the DUNE experiment is operating.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Preparing Schrödinger Cat States in a Microwave Cavity Using a Neural Network
Authors: Hutin Hector , Bilous Pavlo , Ye Chengzhi , Abdollahi Sepideh , Cros Loris , Dvir Tom , Shah Tirth , Cohen Yonatan , Bienfait Audrey , Marquardt Florian , Huard Benjamin
Published: January 2025

Scaling up quantum computing devices requires solving ever more complex quantum control tasks. Machine learning has been proposed as a promising approach to tackle the resulting challenges. However, experimental implementations are still scarce. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally a neural-network-based preparation of Schrödinger cat states in a cavity coupled dispersively to a qubit. We show that it is possible to teach a neural network to output optimized control pulses for a whole family of quantum states. After being trained in simulations, the network takes a description of the target quantum state as input and rapidly produces the pulse shape for the experiment, without any need for time-consuming additional optimization or retraining for different states. Our experimental results demonstrate more generally how deep neural networks and transfer learning can produce efficient simultaneous solutions to a range of quantum control tasks, which will benefit not only state preparation but also parametrized quantum gates.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Enhance “affective learning” in artificial intelligence based diversity, equity and inclusion learnings
Authors: Saadan Shifa , Wavre Shrikant Prabhakar , Kuknor Sunaina
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To identify catalysts for facilitation and enhancement of Affective Learning (AL) in Artificial Intelligence (AI) based diversity, equity, and inclusion learnings (DEIL).

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative study included 17 semistructured interviews and triangulation validated the results.

Findings

The study found ten catalyst elements for facilitating and enhancing AL in AI-based DEIL.

Research limitations/implications

This study is conducted on a relatively small sample size, offering a valuable opportunity for future research to validate and generalize the findings to larger populations.

Practical implications

For learning and development, human resources, business managers, and AI professionals, this study proposes ten AL elements for facilitating the AI-based DEIL.

Originality/value

It contributes to the field of AI-based learning domain focusing on AL in DEIL.
FoodWise: the culinary conundrum of multi-cuisine restaurants
Authors: Sarkar Somraj , Sharma Shweta
Published: January 2025

Learning outcomes

This case serves as a teaching tool to illustrate the application of data-driven decision-making approaches within the contexts of entrepreneurship and hospitality management. The following objectives also align with categories in Bloom’s taxonomy (keywords underlined).▪ Evaluate the merits and demerits of potential business decisions through a data-driven analytical framework. This objective maps to discussion Question 3, 4, 5.▪ Evaluate the relevance and usability of available data and market research reports for effective data-driven decision-making. This objective maps to discussion Question 2.▪ Analyze business data and financial reports to evaluate business strategies such as marketing, vendor management and workforce management strategies. This objective maps to discussion Question 1.▪ Apply industry-specific business metrics such as the Menu engineering matrix to analyze the performance of menu offerings. This objective maps to discussion Question 5.

Case overview/synopsis

The decision-based case explores the challenges faced by Siddhartha Das, the founder of FoodWise Pvt Ltd, a multi-cuisine restaurant based out of Kolkata, India. Das initially launched an online Bengali meal delivery service in 2017, which successfully expanded into an offline multi-cuisine retail outlet by October 2019. However, the COVID-19 pandemic dealt a significant blow to his business, preventing it from achieving profitability. The case is set in July 2021, where Das reviews his half-yearly performance report recognizing the imminent risks threatening his food venture unless immediate changes are undertaken. The multi-cuisine nature of his restaurant business necessitated higher expenditures on specialty chefs and costly vendors to maintain premium food quality. Faced with a dilemma, Das must decide whether to continue with the current multi-cuisine model and find ways to manage costs or to evaluate the performance of his six cuisines and consider switching his venture to a specialized cuisine restaurant. The case invites students to assist Das in making a data-driven strategic decision by using Menu Engineering and exploratory data analysis techniques.

Complexity academic level

This case study is designed for master’s level students in business management, with specializations in marketing, strategy or business analytics, as well as for students in specialized management programs in hospitality or entrepreneurship. It can also be included in management development programs on data-driven decision-making. It is particularly well-suited for management elective courses on hospitality management or entrepreneurship. The case can be positioned in the second half of the course, once students have been exposed to financial reporting and data analysis techniques. Topics such as menu engineering and data-driven decision-making can be effectively explored through this case.

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 12: Tourism and Hospitality.
Exploring the VIA classification of human strengths and virtues using topic modeling
Authors: Gegač Josip , Greb Nikola , Bagić Babac Marina
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the Values in Action (VIA) classification of human strengths and virtues by using unsupervised machine learning techniques, specifically topic modeling algorithms, on a sample of X (formerly known as Twitter) posts. This study aims to investigate if and to what extent the structure of posts with the highest positive sentiment, as determined by topic modeling algorithms, aligns with the structure of the VIA classification.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a sample of X posts as the data set for the analysis. Unsupervised machine learning techniques, specifically topic modeling algorithms, are used to extract and categorize topics from X posts. The sentiment analysis algorithm is used to identify posts with the most positive sentiment. The structure and representation of these positive sentiment posts are then compared with the structure of the VIA classification.

Findings

The results of this study reveal a correlation between the structure of posts with the highest positive sentiment, as determined by topic modeling algorithms, and the structure of the VIA classification. This indicates that the topic structures derived from the X posts exhibit similarities to the categorization of character strengths proposed by the VIA classification. The findings of this study provide empirical validation for the VIA classification framework when applied to social media data.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature by using unsupervised machine learning techniques to validate the VIA classification on social media data. The use of these innovative methods adds a novel dimension to the research on character strengths and virtues.
ESG performance and cross-region investment: evidence from China
Authors: Li Mingyang , Hu Yang
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on cross-region investment in China.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilized firm-level data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database covering 2009 to 2021, comprising 3,600 Chinese listed firms. Cross-region investment activities were measured using data on establishing subsidiaries across regional borders obtained from the TianYanCha website. Besides, this study also implemented the instrumental variables (IV) and difference-in-differences approach to address potential endogeneity issues. The panel Poisson and panel negative binomial models are used for robustness tests.

Findings

The findings indicate that companies with better ESG performance are more likely to establish cross-region subsidiaries, positively affecting cross-regional investment activities. Strong ESG performance reduces financing constraints, enhances information transparency and improves corporate reputation and resource allocation efficiency, thereby increasing cross-regional investment. Well-established ESG performance also helps overcome judicial barriers. Moreover, cross-region investments driven by ESG are less motivated by tax avoidance, pollution transfer and management self-interest.

Research limitations/implications

We focus on listed companies in China, which may limit the applicability of our conclusions to other regions. Our measurement of cross-region investment might also underestimate its extent due to diverse investment methods. We suggest two future research directions: first, studies could explore the future performance of ESG-facilitated cross-region investments; second, further analysis could assess whether corporate ESG performance effectively dismantles administrative barriers and mitigates market segmentation.

Originality/value

Under China’s distinctive market segmentation phenomenon, this study fills a gap by providing new causal evidence of the role of managerial performance in mitigating capital flow boundaries.
How are library cataloging metadata used differently over time: a large-scale quantitative analysis of the Library of Congress catalog
Authors: Li Kai , Dobreski Brian , Busch Molly
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The library catalog is not only a useful tool for patrons to find and access library collections but also a valuable dataset for various types of quantitative analysis on our cultural assets. This research aims to develop the latter potential of library metadata by conducting a large-scale analysis of how the metadata fields encoded in the Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) standards.

Design/methodology/approach

We examined more than 6 million book records from 1980 to 2018 in the catalog of the Library of Congress. We particularly focused on how bibliographic records have changed over time and whether these changes correlate with the introduction of new cataloging policies.

Findings

Our results show that more than 200 unique fields and 1,300 unique subfields have been used in the MARC format, though the majority of them are used in fewer than 1% of all records. At the same time, bibliographic records have become increasingly complex, with more fields and subfields per record over the past 40 years. Additionally, there are clear, although sometimes asynchronous, parallel developments between MARC tags and cataloging standards.

Originality/value

This study represents the first large-scale quantitative analysis of the history of library metadata, revealing significant and interesting changes over time and highlighting challenges for the meaningful use of library metadata in the current data environment.
Breaking the cycle of injustice: how leaders act justly under the double threat of higher-level injustice and low justice rewards
Authors: Chen Sixuan , Ye Bei , Zhang Yani , Zhou Kong , Wei Xuhua
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This research investigates when and why lower-level leaders counteract interactional injustice after experiencing injustice from their superiors.

Design/methodology/approach

Two scenario-based studies were employed to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The enactment of injustice by higher-level leaders was found to increase psychological disidentification among lower-level leaders, prompting them to exhibit higher levels of interactional justice, particularly in contexts where justice is seldom rewarded.

Research limitations/implications

This paper extends trickle-down effects research by demonstrating how reactance can interrupt the transmission of injustice from higher-level leaders, suggesting that a reactance-provoking environment can motivate lower-level leaders to act more justly.

Practical implications

Organizations can mitigate the spread of injustice by enhancing middle-level leaders’ awareness of unjust behaviors and fostering a leadership self-concept that emphasizes interactional justice.

Originality/value

This paper clarifies the reversal of the trickle-down process of interactional injustice, contributing to the literature on trickle-down effects and interactional justice.
So, you want to be a partner? How microaggressions and implicit biases create barriers for promotion
Authors: Shannon Kimberly R. , Faircloth Marcy , Plecka Malgorzata , Shannon Teo D.
Published: January 2025

Research methodology

This descriptive case is drawn from the secondary sources by Mungaray (2018), a dissertation. The author, Kimberly R. Shannon (f.k.a. Mungaray) conducted the qualitative research over several months that included several dialogue or talking sessions with organization personnel. Additionally, she collected journals kept by the participants and conducted one-on-one interviews with each participant before and after the series of talking sessions. IRB approval was obtained prior to data collection. The people and places were disguised pursuant to the secondary sources. No AI was used in the writing of the case or Instructors’ Manual.

Case overview/synopsis

This descriptive case study considers the dynamics surrounding the promotion of women to top management (partner) in a Certified Public Accounting firm. The case study presents the perspectives of the current partner and the potential partners to help students recognize microinsults, microinvalidations and other privileged behaviors that perpetuate stereotype threat and learned helplessness, which thus creates barriers to career progression. These often unintentional comments and behaviors may further marginalize certain people (women, people of color and other marginalized identities, including an intersection of identities). The case concentrates on gender inequities and helps students develop an understanding of leadership implications while exercising their ability to consider multiple perspectives and motives. The case enables students to develop a plan of allyship.

Complexity academic level

This case is appropriate for undergraduate courses in ethics, organizational behavior, leadership, industrial psychology, sociology, women and gender studies, capstone courses in business or accounting and communications. Graduate courses in organizational behavior, leadership and women and gender studies.
A re‐examination of the relationship between plot size and productivity: The case of Bangladesh
Authors: Arman Mohammad Raied , Das Narayan , Nisat Rafia , Rahman Atiya
Published: January 2025

Recent evidence shows that the inverse relationship between plot size and productivity is driven by an edge effect or by the over‐reporting of production by farmers on smaller plots. In this paper, we re‐examine the relationship between plot size and productivity in the context of Bangladesh. We also examine whether the effect of plot size is different across rice and non‐rice crops. We use panel data at the household level and estimate a fixed effects model. Results show that the effect of plot size on productivity is positive but not statistically significant. Further results show that there is no statistically significant effect of plot size on productivity for both rice and non‐rice crops. Our findings suggest that land redistribution, even if it leads to smaller plots, will not decrease farm production.
Hired Childcare and Changing Maternal Perceptions Among the Urban Poor: Baby Farming in the Western Lands of Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Oleshkevich Ekaterina
Published: January 2025

This article explores baby farming in the western regions of late imperial Russia, framing it as a childcare practice of the lower‐classes – a form of crèche for working mothers. The article delves into the public discourse surrounding baby farming among the educated strata and contrasts it with how this practice was viewed by the lower‐classes. I argue that baby farming was a form of wage labour – one of the few options available for middle‐aged urban women – and that the use of baby farmers’ services by mothers demonstrates the changing maternal perceptions among the lower‐classes.
RStoolbox: An R package for remote sensing data analysis
Authors: Müller Konstantin , Schwalb‐Willmann Jakob , Wegmann Martin , Leutner Benjamin
Published: January 2025

The role of Satellite Remote Sensing in monitoring the Earth's surface is more important than ever, as it allows us to see changes in space, time, and across the electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore, it is crucial to not only gather data but also to analyse, visualize and present the findings.

rstoolbox package offers a suite of functions for (a) preprocessing, (b) analysis and (c) visualization of (multi‐band) remote sensing data, implementing state‐of‐the‐art methods such as unsupervised and supervised classification, or spectral unmixing or change vector analysis. Thereby, rstoolbox enables various levels of users, from students to experts, to process and scientifically analyse different kinds of remote sensing data within a single programming environment.

To best integrate in pre‐existing workflows, rstoolbox is based on well‐established data types for representing spatial data in and inherits well‐known packages popular within the spatial data science and remote sensing research communities.

To showcase the simple usage of rstoolbox we provide multiple examples with sample data provided directly within the package.
‘I Am Going Hungry': Natural History Notes of Adult Butterflies Exploiting Unusual Food Sources
Authors: Thomas André Nogueira , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Rosa Augusto Henrique Batista , Schunemann Bárbara Letícia Botura , Siemionko Eduardo Tarnowski , Mendonça Milton de Souza , Zacca Thamara , Iserhard Cristiano Agra
Published: January 2025

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) are among the most well‐studied organisms, with a vast literature covering their ecology, evolution, and natural history. However, many aspects of their biology continue to be discovered and rediscovered, including their wild feeding behaviours, preferences, causes and consequences. Here, we present and describe photographic and video records of adult butterflies exploiting unusual sources, including previously undocumented feeding behaviours for some species, and supporting natural history note novelties in already known feeding behaviours for others. We gathered a total of 23 records of primarily nectar‐ and fruit‐feeding butterfly species exploiting diverse sources, including fungi, flowering plants, withered plant parts, and a dead caterpillar. All records were made in different regions of Brazil, during field expeditions and naturalist walks, and were classified according to the butterfly species/groups involved, the type of resource exploited, and the location of the record. These records reinforce that butterflies can exhibit various feeding behaviours and may be involved in interspecific interactions and/or respond to food availability due to anthropogenic actions. Furthermore, this compilation of records reinforces the importance of publishing and sharing natural history observations to support and enhance the quality of ecological and taxonomic studies.
Nature AND nurture: enabling formate‐dependent growth in Methanosarcina acetivorans
Authors: Bao Jichen , Somvanshi Tejas , Tian Yufang , Laird Maxime G. , Garcia Pierre Simon , Schöne Christian , Rother Michael , Borrel Guillaume , Scheller Silvan
Published: January 2025

Methanosarcinales are versatile methanogens, capable of regulating most types of methanogenic pathways. Despite the versatile metabolic flexibility of Methanosarcinales, no member of this order has been shown to use formate for methanogenesis. In the present study, we identified a cytosolic formate dehydrogenase (FdhAB) present in several Methanosarcinales, likely acquired by independent horizontal gene transfers after an early evolutionary loss, encouraging re‐evaluation of our understanding of formate utilization in Methanosarcinales. To explore whether formate‐dependent (methyl‐reducing or CO2‐reducing) methanogenesis can occur in Methanosarcinales, we engineered two different strains of Methanosarcina acetivorans by functionally expressing FdhAB from Methanosarcina barkeri in M. acetivorans. In the first strain, fdhAB was integrated into the N5‐methyl‐ tetrahydrosarcinapterin:coenzyme M methyltransferase (mtr) operon, making it capable of growing by reducing methanol with electrons from formate. In the second strain, fdhAB was integrated into the F420‐reducing hydrogenase (frh) operon, instead of the mtr operon, enabling its growth with formate as the only source of carbon and energy after adaptive laboratory evolution. In this strain, one CO2 is reduced to one methane with electrons from oxidizing four formate to four CO2, a metabolism reported only in methanogens without cytochromes. Although methanogens without cytochromes typically utilize flavin‐based electron bifurcation to generate the ferredoxins needed for CO2 activation, we hypothesize that, in our engineered strains, reduced ferredoxins are obtained via the Rhodobacter nitrogen fixation complex complex running in reverse. Our work demonstrates formate‐dependent methyl‐reducing and CO2‐reducing methanogenesis in M. acetivorans that is enabled by the flexible nature of the microbe working in tandem with the nurturing provided.
A cellular model of TDP‐43 induces phosphorylated TDP‐43 aggregation with distinct changes in solubility and autophagy dysregulation
Authors: Dopler Matthew B. , Abeer Muhammad I. , Arezoumandan Sanaz , Cox Keyshawn , Petersen Tyler L. , Daniel Esther H. , Cannon Carlton L. , Bautista Angelica , Blancher Kennedy D. , Bland Alysia M. , Bond Kylie J. , Davis Dominque A. , Francois Jessica M. , McCray Eliana J. , Morgan Justin M. , Pulliam Jessica L. , Robinson Zymir A. , Taylor Mykia J. , Dowell James A. , Cairns Nigel J. , Gitcho Michael A.
Published: January 2025

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that affects neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control, and eventually leads to death. Phosphorylated transactive response DNA binding protein‐43 (TDP‐43) is the major pathological protein in both sporadic and familial ALS, forming cytoplasmic aggregates in over 95% of cases. Of the 10–15% of ALS cases that are familial, mutations in TDP‐43 represent about 5% of those with a family history. We have developed an in vitro overexpression model by introducing three familial ALS mutations (A315T, M337V, and S379P) in the TDP‐43 (TARDBP) gene which we define as 3X‐TDP‐43. This overexpression model TDP‐43 shows deficits in autophagy flux and colocalization of TDP‐43 with stress granules. We also observe a progressive shift of TDP‐43 to the cytoplasm in this model. This overexpression model shows a reduction in solubility of phosphorylated TDP‐43 from RIPA to urea soluble. Four glycolytic enzymes, phosphoglycerate kinase one (PGK1), aldolase A (ALDOA), enolase 1 (ENO1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) show significant time‐dependent decreases in 3X‐TDP‐43 expressing cells. Shotgun proteomic analysis shows global changes in the importin subunit alpha‐1 (KPNA2), heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A), and protein disulfide‐isomerase A3 (PDIA3) expression levels and coimmunoprecipitation reveals that these proteins complex with TDP‐43. Overall, these results suggest that the 3X‐TDP‐43 model may provide new insights into pathophysiology and an avenue for drug screening in vitro for those suffering from ALS and related TDP‐43 proteinopathies.
Impact of Proctor Specialist on Scrub Nurse Experience in Sacral Neuromodulation Implant
Authors: Corso Luca Dal , Gilioli Veronica , Boldini Michele , Bogoni M. , Bianchi A. , Gozzo A. , Bertolo R. G. , Antonelli A. , Cerruto M. A.
Published: January 2025

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a well‐established treatment for chronic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), including urge urinary incontinence, urgency frequency syndrome and dysfunctional voiding with nonobstructive urinary retention. Despite its efficacy, the precise mechanism of SNM remains unknown. Effective use of SNM hinges on precise electrode placement near the S3 or S4 sacral spinal nerves and proper programming of the neurostimulator. With advancements in technology, SNM devices have become more efficient, and their application is endorsed by the European Association of Urology (EAU). The increasing complexity of SNM devices necessitates enhanced training for healthcare professionals, highlighting the essential role of Proctor Specialists (PS) in the operating room (OR). PS provides critical technical and application support, ensuring optimal use of new neuromodulation devices and enhancing surgical outcomes. This study explores the impact of PS guidance on scrub nurses new to SNM through a self‐administered questionnaire given to 30 nurses with 3–9 years of endourological experience. The results indicated high satisfaction with PS presence and introduction of new techniques, with 60% of nurses affirming a positive effect of PS on surgical outcomes, primarily through improved adherence to protocols, correct application of procedures, reduced operating times and effective management of new devices. Concerns were noted about managing procedures autonomously posttraining: nurses recommended increased educational sessions and postprocedure briefings for better integration of new technologies. This study underscores the positive impact of PSs in the OR, suggesting further research across various surgical contexts to validate these findings.
On the Homoousia
Authors: Rieger Joerg
Published: January 2025

The affirmation of the co‐equality (homoousia) of the first and the second persons of the Trinity at the Council of Nicaea is a major milestone in the history of theology and the church. Established at a time when the Roman empire developed its Christian identity, it has often been assumed that Nicene theology was imperial theology. In this article, the theological surplus of the Nicene position will be examined, investigating its imperial pedigree while also demonstrating the anti‐imperial potential and the Nicene Creed's implications for liberative theological thinking then and now.
Living Christ's Love in Intercultural Communities
Authors: Yong Amos
Published: January 2025

This article was designed and intended to prompt reflection around the conciliar theme “Mission Reimagined: Transforming Disciples Challenging Empire.” Given the author's own Pentecostal background and substantive recent work on how the earliest messianic disciples lived out their missional vocation in the 1st‐century Mediterranean imperial regime of the Pax Romana, this article aims to revisit the apostolic narrative especially as recounted by St Luke in his second volume, the book of Acts, to identify, explore, and reconsider how the first Christians were, effectively, multicultural and transnational communities of the Spirit of Jesus. They navigated their interculturality, transculturality, and cross‐culturality not only across ethnic‐cultural domains but also across socio‐economic and political‐economic registers. From this perspective, contemporary global Christian communities that exist across diasporic and migrational zones can draw encouragement from how the first generation of Jesus’ followers two thousand years ago confronted similar challenges. In this way, we can return to the New Testament to retrieve resources old and new for Christian life, spiritual practice, and missional witness in the 21st‐century global context.
Resilient design of hyperconnected multiactor Physical Internet supply chain networks
Authors: Tordecilla Rafael D. , Montoya‐Torres Jairo R. , Guerrero William J.
Published: January 2025

The Physical Internet (PI) is a relatively new logistics paradigm defined as a supply chain framework whose physical components are standardized and optimized with the main objective of increasing the supply chain's overall efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. Given the novelty of the PI concept, there is a lack of scientific literature addressing it from a quantitative point of view, although formulating and solving mathematical models representing resilient PI problems are relevant and innovative issues for academics, practitioners, and governments. In this work, we present a multiperiod mixed‐integer programming model to design PI‐enabled supply chain networks, in which both cost and resilience are optimized. Hyperconnection and multiple actors are considered in the proposed models. A lexicographic method is proposed to solve these models with multiple objectives, which includes a modified version of the hypervolume measure. Both newly designed and adapted benchmark instances are employed to assess our models' performance. We compare this model against a traditional proprietary logistics model and a horizontal collaboration model between two companies. Results show that hyperconnectivity increases resilience by and reduces the supply chain network design costs by . The risk of not satisfying the destination's demands is reduced as well. Furthermore, in the PI context, we propose a minimax model that has been proved to increase cost equity between the considered actors. This model reduces the average difference between the costs of these actors from to .
Uncertain demurrage and detention decisions in hinterland container management
Authors: Jeong Yoonjea , Kim Gwang , Shin Youngchul
Published: January 2025

Due to the global supply chain crisis, the container supply chain has been characterized by heightened uncertainty, leading to periodic disruptions in the productivity of container flows. To adeptly navigate these challenges, this study provides individual free‐time policy on hinterland container operation systems in the face of uncertainty. The investigation unfolds through the presentation of two analytical models, rooted in both demurrage‐ and detention‐based models with practical implementation. Within these models, we explicitly formulate each optimization problem within a spectrum of scenarios encompassing the tardiness and earliness of container retrieval and return by a consignee. Through extensive numerical analyses, we elucidate the intricate trade‐offs associated with decision variables of container supply chain members, offering a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the level of uncertainty. Employing a comparative approach, we validate the proposed models by providing valuable insights and guidelines pertaining to optimal demurrage and detention processes among uncertain conditions.
APAGE Position Statements on Green and Sustainability in Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Ang Tiing Leong , Hang Dao Viet , Li James Weiquan , Ho Jacky Chiu Leung , Sy‐Janairo Marianne Linley , Raja Ali Raja Affendi , Makharia Govind K. , Sundaram Sridhar , Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn , Kim Hyun‐Gun , Isayama Hiroyuki , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Wu Kaichun , Syam Ari Fahrial , Aye Than Than , Rehman Sher , Niriella Madunil Anuk , Jurawan Ricardo , Wang Liangjing , Leung Wai Keung , Liou Jyh‐Ming , Rizan Chantelle , Wu Justin Che Yuen , Ooi Choon Jin
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

The APAGE Position Statements aimed to provide guidance to healthcare practitioners on clinical practices aligned with climate sustainability.

Methods

A taskforce convened by APAGE proposed provisional statements. Twenty‐two gastroenterologists from the Asian Pacific region participated in online voting and consensus was assessed through an anonymized and iterative Delphi process.

Results

There were five sections that addressed the rationale for climate action, the importance of adopting principles of waste management, clinical practice, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and issues related to advocacy and research. Sixteen statements achieved consensus and included the following: 1. APAGE recommends adopting prompt measures to reduce the carbon footprint of clinical practice due to the importance of climate action and its health cobenefits. 5. APAGE recommends adherence to professional clinical guidelines to optimize clinical care delivery in gastroenterology and hepatology to avoid the environmental impact of unnecessary procedures and tests. 8. APAGE recommends an emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, and appropriate screening and surveillance, when resources are available, to reduce the environmental impact of managing more advanced diseases that require more intensive resources. 12. APAGE recommends that technological advances in endoscopic imaging and artificial intelligence, when available, be used to improve the precision of endoscopic diagnosis to reduce the risk of missed lesions and need for unnecessary biopsies. 13. APAGE recommends against the routine use of single‐use endoscopes.

Conclusion

The position statements provide guidance to healthcare practitioners on clinical practices in gastroenterology, hepatology, and endoscopy that promote climate sustainability.
Political Ideology Shapes Reporting Regulation: SEC Commissioners' Views on IFRS for US Issuers
Authors: Becker Kirstin , Daske Holger , Pelger Christoph , Zeff Stephen A.
Published: January 2025

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) initiated rulemaking steps toward adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for US issuers in 2007, but it never issued a final decision. In this paper, we use public material and interviews to examine the links between commissioners' political ideology and their views on IFRS. We find that differences in political ideologies pervaded the debate on IFRS. In line with their belief in the advantages of “free markets,” Republican commissioners supported a move to IFRS, particularly in the form of giving US firms a choice between US GAAP and IFRS. Democratic commissioners were more reluctant to partly or fully replace the well‐established system of US GAAP with IFRS, a step that was considered tantamount to deregulation and accompanied by concerns about the International Accounting Standards Board's governance. Our findings highlight the influence of political ideology on the regulatory process related to reporting issues. Thus, bipartisan rulemaking becomes unlikely in times of pronounced political confrontations, as recently evidenced by the SEC's rule on climate‐related disclosures.
Barriers to comforting: Couples' attachment and emotional reactivity in a German sample
Authors: Li Yan , Kunzmann Ute , Schulz Martina , Kanske Philipp , Rohr Margund K.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study examines how attachment orientations are associated with emotional reactivity (i.e., emotional experience and expression) during couples' comforting conversations, as well as age‐related differences in these associations.

Background

Effective emotional support during times of need is essential for maintaining intimate relationships. While it is well documented that attachment anxiety and avoidance significantly challenge partners' comforting interactions, research on how these attachment styles affect partners' emotional reactivity in comforting situations remains lacking.

Method

The current study recruited 37 younger (Mage = 24.33) and 41 older couples (Mage = 70.27) in Germany. Couples first separated to relive a recent personal negative event (i.e., the comfort seeker) or a non‐emotional event (i.e., the comforters), and then reunited for a comforting conversation about the negative event, with subsequent assessments of their subjective emotional experience, facial, and verbal expressions.

Results

Findings indicated that comfort seekers' anxiety was associated with more difficulties in their own emotional recovery and a greater decrease in their partner's positive emotions after comforting conversations. Moreover, comforters' avoidance was associated with their partner's reduced positive facial expression. Notably, significant age‐related differences were identified, with younger couples showing stronger associations between attachment styles and negative verbal expression compared to older couples.

Conclusion

The study highlights how attachment styles are associated with emotional reactivity in couples' comforting situations, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic interventions to improve emotional recovery and positive emotional expression, especially in younger couples.
Education towards a reasonable humanism
Authors: Haldane John
Published: January 2025

Education is twice over concerned with human nature, most extensively as it is presupposed in the pursuit of diverse aims, and more specifically, as understanding it and applying such understanding are themselves made objects of study and teaching. The latter was a principal concern of ancient, renaissance and enlightenment humanists. These and others who focussed on the human condition have tended to arrive at one of the three attitudes: the celebratory, the gloomy and the condemnatory. Recent decades have seen tyrannies, global wars, campaigns of genocide, economic crises, seemingly irreconcilable political polarisation, man‐made environmental degradation and other evils. Besides posing practical challenges, these put in question ideas of historical progress, of social harmony and of personal flourishing, and thereby have implications for an understanding of the human condition and for what to teach concerning it, and what qualities of character to seek to inculcate.