bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nontarget Effects of Preemergence Herbicide Diuron in Hamlin and Valencia Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbek) in Florida
Authors: Timilsina Nirmal , Batuman Ozgur , Alferez Fernando , Kadyampakeni Davie , Tiwari Ruby , Kanissery Ramdas
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, also known as citrus greening, has compelled the citrus industry to change management practices to increase production. However, these changes, such as enhanced nutrition and irrigation programs, have caused weed proliferation, subsequently leading to increased use of herbicides. Thus, our study evaluated a popular preemergence herbicide active ingredient, diuron, for nontarget impacts on young Hamlin and Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbek) trees in two commercial orchards in southwest Florida. The treatments included the preemergence application of diuron at three rates (1.8, 3.6, and 7.3 kg a.i./ha), a weed-checked control (using postemergence herbicides: glufosinate ammonium + saflufenacil), and a nontreated control. The treatments were applied twice (in Fall 2021 and Spring 2022) in a randomized complete block with four replicates. Results indicate that over a 5-month period, the application of diuron generally had no significant impact on citrus root growth. Further, over a 2-month observation period for Hamlin and a 4-month observation period for Valencia, it was found that diuron application had no notable effect on fruit detachment force. Valencia trees treated with diuron high showed higher HLB disease severity at location 1. In addition, Hamlin trees treated with diuron low and medium showed higher fruit drop (∼19% more) than the untreated control at location 1. However, this trend was inconsistent across the locations and cultivars. This result suggests that increased disease severity and fruit drop were not associated with diuron treatment. Thus, our study finds diuron as a tree-safe option for preemergence weed suppression in citrus production, as long as it is used in accordance with the recommended dosage and restrictions stated on the herbicide label.
Aminoguanidine Hydrazone Derivatives: The Antioxidant, Antineoplastic Profile, and Interaction with ctDNA Studies
Authors: Guimarães Ari , Oliveira Woodland , Araújo Aline , Foglio Mary Ann , Aquino Pedro , de Araújo-Júnior João , Schmitt Martine , Ruiz Ana Lúcia , Figueiredo Isis , Santos Josué
Published: November 2023

Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of four aminoguanidine hydrazone derivatives with different aromatic moieties. This class of compounds presents a series of biological applications. Derivative AGH-3 with an indole nucleus offered the highest antioxidant capacity with results comparable to Trolox in 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH• ), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+), FeIII reduction assay (FRAP), and nitric oxide (•NO) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, AGH-3 showed the highest antiproliferative activity against human kidney cancer cells (786-0) with concentration necessary to inhibit 50% cell growth (GI50) = 6.3 µM; additionally, in biophysical studies, AGH-3 interacted with ctDNA (biological target model) forming a fluorescent supramolecular complex with a binding constant (Kb) of 2.89 × 103 M-1 with preferentially an intercalator mechanism. The tested compounds revealed the potential of aminoguanidine hydrazones as a strategic class of compounds with multitarget biological activity.
The burden of water insecurity: a review of the challenges to water resource management and connected health risks associated with water stress in small island developing states
Authors: Parker Stephanie Yolan , Parchment Kimalie Fabian , Gordon-Strachan Georgiana Marie
Published: November 2023

Water resources, whether exceeding per capita water abundance thresholds or below water scarcity thresholds, are health determinants within small island developing states (SIDS). Thresholds indicate water stress vulnerability in SIDS, but underestimate the physicality associated with a lack of water. The objectives of this study were to capture the main challenges of consistently meeting water demand in SIDS and to present their intersection with certain diseases or factors associated with specific health conditions like dengue fever, gastrointestinal disorders, dehydration, and malnutrition. This review utilized archival evidence to categorize the challenges undermining water availability in SIDS with the view that these issues present or exacerbate health outcomes. Seasonal rainfall variations (73%), inadequate distribution infrastructure (64%), saltwater intrusion (61%), contamination (58%), human-induced watershed change (19%), and sea level rise (17%) were identified from 108 country-specific sources as challenges to consistently meeting water demand by 59 SIDS. Any water stress indicator must consider that it is contingent on its human burden. These challenges affect food security through agricultural drought and soil salinization, and the proliferation of vector-borne and sanitation-related diseases across SIDS. This review is the first step in determining the human health burden of water insecurity in SIDS.
Effects of Harvest Time on Quality of Stored Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Southern Part of Ghana
Authors: Asare Sharon Gyekyewaa , Abankwa-Kwarteng Sandra , Sekyere Owusu Bismark , Kweku Baidoo Philip
Published: November 2023

In Ghana, most smallholder maize farmers delay harvesting of their crops in an attempt to achieve optimum moisture content levels necessary for safe storage. Late harvesting may cause a hike in insect attacks and fungal contaminations, leading to alterations in nutrient composition of grains. This study examined the effects of harvest time and storage form on quality of maize. Maize was grown and harvested from 36 plots, with each plot measuring 3m x 3m. Planting of maize was done during the major and minor seasons (April – August, 2020 and September – December, 2020) respectively. Moisture content of maize before storage was determined as 12.50 % to 12.85 % (major season) and 11.90 % to 12.48% (minor season). Harvesting was done at three stages (E = Early harvest, M = Mid harvest and L = Late harvest) and maize was stored for 90 days in three different ways (D = Dehusked, H = Husked and S = Shelled). Data was subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Sisvar version 5.6. Mid harvest dehusked maize had the highest final starch content (69.28 %) while Early harvest husked maize had the highest protein content (7.22 %). Ash content of maize from the various treatments ranged from 3.50% to 5.39 % (initial) and 3.03 % to 4.13 % (final), the difference was significant (p<0.05). Late harvest husked maize (LHH) recorded 35 % more initial ash as compared to EHS. Aflatoxin level was highest on Late harvest dehusked maize (60.70 ppb). Nutrient and aflatoxin levels of maize were significantly affected by harvest time. Encouraging farmers to adopt a better approach to harvesting, drying and storage of maize can reduce crop losses and ensure food security.
Posible inducción de resistencia sistémica a Lasiodiplodia theobromae en aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) en condiciones semicontroladas en La Molina
Authors: Jimenez-Ariza Nery Veronica , Soto-Heredia Jose Miguel , Casas-Díaz Andrés Virgilio , Aragón-Caballero Liliana María
Published: November 2023

La producción y exportación de frutos de palta, cultivar Hass, ha crecido exponencialmente en los últimos años en el Perú, sin embargo, se ha observado una alta incidencia de síntomas como muerte regresiva, cancros en ramas de la planta y pudrición del fruto que afectan la producción óptima del cultivo y la calidad del fruto. Estos síntomas son generados principalmente por el hongo Lasiodiplodia theobromae, cuyo control está limitado a unos pocos principios activos que tienden a generar resistencia al patógeno. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto inductor de resistencia en el control de Lasiodiplodia theobromae en aguacate (Persea americana) cultivar Hass de cinco bioproductos: ProtecSea, Barrera, Timorex Gold, T 22, Vacun Q Pro y agua como tratamiento control, con un total de 6 tratamientos con 4 repeticiones, 3 árboles de aguacate por repetición.  Se utilizaron árboles de aguacate cultivar Hass de un año de edad. Los tratamientos se aplicaron tres veces mediante drench a intervalos de diez días. Cinco días después de la última aplicación se inoculó L. theobromae en los aguacateros cultivar ‘Hass’ y 40 días después de la inoculación se evaluaron los parámetros: longitud de la lesión de la enfermedad, porcentaje de materia seca de las raíces y hojas, y longitud de las raíces. Se observó que los tratamientos, a excepción del tratamiento T1 (Control), redujeron la longitud de la lesión de la enfermedad infectada por L. theobromae en el interior del tallo. El tratamiento T6 (T.22) dio lugar a un mayor porcentaje de materia seca radicular (46,52 %) en comparación con el tratamiento testigo (41,21 %). Por otro lado, no hubo diferencias significativas en el contenido de materia seca foliar entre los tratamientos. Adicionalmente, se observó que el tratamiento T2 (ProtecSea) reportó una longitud de raíz de 56.80 cm, seguido del tratamiento T6 (T.22) con 54.90 cm. Estos resultados son importantes para continuar con las investigaciones para inducir resistencia sistémica en las plantas.
A Pérsia e o Planalto Iraniano
Authors: Curi Luciano Marcos , Borges Ana Lúcia Araújo , Silva Camila Adriane Almeida
Published: November 2023

O artigo aborda a história do Planalto Iraniano e de seus povos, entre eles, os Persas e suas relações com os gregos antigos no início do que posteriormente ficou conhecido como Civilização Ocidental. Objetivou-se evidenciar que o ensino de história antiga no Brasil precisa ser repensado para evitar imprecisões, generalizações e incoerências frequentes, entre outros, em boa parte da bibliografia disponível sobre o tema. Para isso, apoiou-se em pesquisas arqueológicas e históricas mais recentes, que são contribuições teóricas decisivas para compreender os povos do Planaldo Iraniano em sua diversidade e historicidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, qualitativa, exploratória, explicativa e que utilizou-se de procedimentos bibliográficos e documentais. Concluiu-se que os povos antigos devem ser estudados de modo contextualizado. Os povos do Planalto Iraniano precisam ter sua diversidade compreendida e não podem ser tratados como se fossem todos iguais. Desse modo, embora os Persas sejam o povo mais conhecido e estudado do planalto, eles não foram os únicos. Assim, o artigo discute uma temática sobre a qual existem poucas pesquisas no Brasil e procura colaborar com a tarefa do ensino de história antiga no país, neste caso sobre os povos do Planalto Iraniano. Portanto, trata do papel dos Persas nas origens do Ocidente, mas procura não se limitar a essa questão. Por fim, salienta-se a pertinência do estudo da antiguidade na Educação Básica e faz alguns apontamentos para contribuir com esta importante tarefa.
Systematic Analysis of Tumor Stem Cell-related Gene Characteristics
to Predict the PD-L1 Immunotherapy and Prognosis of Gastric
Cancer
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Chen Ying , Zhou Ru , Yang Ya’nan , Fang Yantian
Published: November 2023

Aims:

We aimed to develop a prognostic model with stemness-correlated
genes to evaluate prognosis and immunotherapy responsiveness in gastric cancer (GC).

Background:

Tumor stemness is related to intratumoral heterogeneity, immunosuppression,
and anti-tumor resistance. We developed a prognostic model with stemness-correlated
genes to evaluate prognosis and immunotherapy responsiveness in GC.

Objective:

We aimed to develop a prognostic model with stemness-correlated genes to
evaluate prognosis and immunotherapy responsiveness in GC.

Methods:

We downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of GC patients
from the Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and screened GC stemness-
related genes using CytoTRACE. We characterized the association of tumor stemness
with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and immunity. Thereafter, a 9-stemness
signature-based prognostic model was developed using weighted gene co-expression network
analysis (WGCNA), univariate Cox regression analysis, and the least absolute
shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. The model predictive value
was evaluated with a nomogram.

Results:

Early GC patients had significantly higher levels of stemness. The stemness
score showed a negative relationship to tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion
(TIDE) score and immune infiltration, especially T cells and B cells. A stemness-based
signature based on 9 genes (ERCC6L, IQCC, NKAPD1, BLMH, SLC25A15, MRPL4,
VPS35, SUMO3, and CINP) was constructed with good performance in prognosis prediction,
and its robustness was validated in GSE26942 cohort. Additionally, nomogram
and risk score exhibited the most powerful ability for prognosis prediction. High-risk patients
exhibited a tendency to develop immune escape and low response to PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Conclusion:

We developed a stemness-based gene signature for prognosis prediction
with accuracy and reliability. This signature also helps clinical decision-making of immunotherapy
for GC patients.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for AIDS Prevention among College Students in China: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lei Yumeng , Xiang Xiaochen , Chen Lingxue , He Mingxin , Li Simin , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2023

Background::

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious worldwide
public health problem and has become the focus of prevention and control in China, while the student
population is the key population for AIDS prevention.

Objective::

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT) on college students' AIDS-related cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors, and to find programmatic
strategies for AIDS prevention in terms of changing college students' cognitions and behaviors.

Methods::

In a cluster randomized controlled trial, 233 undergraduate students were assigned to
the CBT group (CBT-based intervention, n=92), the TAU group (treatment as usual, n=72), and
the CON group (no intervention, n=59). AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of participants
were assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up.

Results::

After one month of the study, AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors improved
in both the TAU and CBT groups, while there were no significant changes in the CON
group. The intervention effect was more significant and sustainable in the CBT group compared
to the TAU group.

Conclusions::

The application of CBT in AIDS prevention among college students is feasible, acceptable,
and effective. CBT can increase the level of knowledge about AIDS, improve AIDS-related
attitudes, and increase willingness to use condoms. CBT is expected to replace traditional
health education as an innovative tool for AIDS prevention because of its long-lasting and efficacious
nature.
An MRI-only Three-dimensional Cephalometry Protocol based on the
Integrated and Modular Architecture of the Human Head
Authors: Jiang Xiling , Pei Jun , Liu Jianwei , Liao Xu , Jia Fucang
Published: November 2023

Background::

Currently, three-dimensional cephalometry measurements are mainly based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which has limitations of ionizing radiation, lack of soft tissue information, and lack of standardization of median sagittal plane establishment.

Objectives::

This study investigated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-only based 3D cephalometry measurement based on the integrated and modular characteristics of the human head.

Methods::

Double U-Net CycleGAN was used for CT image synthesis from MRI. This method enabled the synthesis of a CT-like image from MRI and measurements were made using 3D slicer registration and fusion.

Results::

A protocol for generating and optimizing MRI-based synthetic CT was described and found to meet precision requirements of 3D head measurement using MRI midline positioning methods reported in neuroscience to establish the median sagittal plane. An MRI-only reference frame and coordinate system were established enabling an MRI-only cephalometric analysis protocol that combined the dual advantages of soft and hard tissue display. The protocol was devised using data from a single volunteer and validation data from a larger sample remains to be collected.

Conclusion::

The reported method provided a new protocol for MRI-only cephalometric analysis of craniofacial growth and development, malformation occurrence, treatment planning and outcomes.
Descripción de la pupa y redescripción del tercer estadio larval de Ligyrus ruginasus LeConte, 1856 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Authors: Cuate-Mozo José Alfredo , Lugo-García Gabriel Antonio , Aragón García Agustín , Aragón-Sánchez Miguel , De la Torre Anzúres Josue , Zepeda Zempoaltecatl José Alfredo
Published: November 2023

Se describe la pupa y se redescribe la larva de tercer estadio de Ligyrus ruginasus LeConte, 1856, con ejemplares colectados en localidad de Ocolome, municipio de El Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. Las larvas se colectaron en parcelas cultivadas con frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y sandía (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)), y en suelo con materia orgánica de excremento de equino. Se incluyen ilustraciones de las estructuras y comentarios que permiten la identificación de L. ruginasus, así como una modificación a la clave de identificación para las larvas de L. gibbosus (De Geer, 1774), L. nasutus (Burmeister, 1847), L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei Bates, 1888, y L. (Ligyrodes) relictus (Say, 1825) de tercer estadio que se distribuyen en México y Estados Unidos.
Influence of Socioeconomic, Demographics, and Prices Factors on Cooking Fuel Choice of Indonesian Households
Authors: Prasojo Hadi , Hartono Djoni
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are differences in the choice of cooking fuel in Indonesian households. Some households still not yet used clean fuel for daily cooking, even though clean energy is crucial and included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the influence of several factors on household's cooking fuel choice using SUSENAS data. This study is based on conceptual framework and theory on several determinant factors, including income, education level of the household head, and energy prices. The testing of the hypothesis used the probit methods. In the estimation results obtained, socioeconomic and demographic factors, namely income, education level of the household head, location of the household in urban areas, positively and significantly impacts the decision to choose clean fuel for cooking. Meanwhile, the price of clean fuel types such as LPG and city gas negatively and significantly impacts the decision to choose clean fuels for cooking in Indonesian households.Keywords: Demographic Factors; Socioeconomics Factors, Energy Prices; Cooking Fuel Choice, Probit
Implementation of flipped learning with flipbook media assistance on learning outcomes and critical thinking abilities
Authors: Sudiarti Diah , Ashilah Nashlul Muflihatul , Nurjanah Umi
Published: November 2023

This research was conducted as a sort of classroom action research with two learning cycles to examine whether flipped learning aided by flipbook media may enhance students' cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. This research's population consisted of tenth-grade Madrasah Aliyah Al Misri Curahmalang students for the academic year 2021-2022. Methods for collecting data include interviews, tests, observations, and documentation. The classical completeness of cognitive learning outcomes increased from 19% in the first cycle to 97% in the second cycle, according to the research findings. Whereas critical thinking abilities were acquired in the first cycle, just one student met critical criteria. In contrast, six students exceeded crucial criteria, and twenty students exceeded critical criteria in the second cycle.  Based on the analyzed research findings, it is possible to conclude that flipped learning aided by flipbook media can enhance students' cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking skills.
Influence of play-based learning on socio-emotional development among early childhood children in Afijio Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adubuola Elizabeth Olaoluwa , Gbadeyanka Taofeek Akolade , Hamzat Baniyaminu Opeyemi , Oyewumi Nasimot Opeyemi
Published: November 2023

With two key objectives, this study delves into the impact of play-based learning programs on the socio-emotional development of early childhood children in Afijio Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Firstly, it examines whether these programs affect socio-emotional development differently based on gender. Secondly, it investigates how school type, whether private or public, influences the effectiveness of play-based learning on socio-emotional development within this region. This study employs a non-randomized quasi-experimental design. The study engaged 132 early childhood children aged 3-5 years from two schools in the area. An Emotional Regulatory Skill Test (ERST) was designed and demonstrated strong reliability (α = 0.84) and content validity. Results revealed that play-based learning programs are intentionally designed for gender-neutral effectiveness, promoting inclusivity and equality. A significant effect of play-based learning programs on socio-emotional development based on school type was found, with private schools providing enriched environments and public schools leveraging diversity for growth. These findings underscore the transformative potential of play-based learning in fostering inclusive socio-emotional development among early childhood children, advocating for gender-equitable programs, and suggesting allocating additional resources to public schools for enriched play-based experiences. Ultimately, the study offers a vision of a harmonious future where socio-emotional development knows no gender boundaries, and every child thrives, regardless of school type.
Design and optimisation of praxis care tools
Authors: Langella Carla , Carleo Salvatore , De Luca Marianna
Published: November 2023

In recent decades, the relationship between design and medicine has become increasingly reciprocal and active. Speech therapy is among the branches less explored by design. The tools usually used for speech therapy are often handcrafted by therapists and have several problems, including replicability of treatments and comparability of results. Considering this new area of opportunity, this article presents the Design for Speech Therapy project in which design intervenes in the creation of tools and products dedicated to in-presence speech training for praxis care.
Dinámica económica y dimensiones de género en la provincia de Tungurahua
Authors: Cabay Paulina , Durán Fiallos Paulina Isabel , Vayas López Álvaro Hernán
Published: November 2023

El trabajo de las mujeres siempre ha tenido desigualdades frente al de los hombres, ya por las dimensiones de género guiada por los valores y prejuicios que demandan el trabajo no remunerado del hogar más en la mujer, o por las condiciones en la dinámica económica con la que se manejan. La metodología tuvo un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, se encuestaron a hombres y mujeres emprendedores y emprendedoras de la provincia de Tungurahua para conocer su percepción sobre la desigualdad de género y sus condiciones al emprender. Lo observado en esta investigación demuestra como el emprendimiento femenino tiene un sesgo en las dimensiones de género marcado por las creencias y valores que reflejan diferencias de género. No sucede lo mismo cuando se miden los factores y las condiciones que tienen para emprender, el desenvolvimiento es bastante regular en los dos géneros, propio de la provincia caracterizada por ser de las más comerciales del país.
Control interno y resultados económicos en las Juntas Administradoras de Agua Potable del cantón Latacunga
Authors: Guaña Cajas Rocio del Pilar , Macías Ayala Lizeth , Avellán Herrera Nilda
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo de Investigación, tiene como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre el control interno y los resultados económicos en las Juntas Administradoras de Agua Potable (JAAP) del Cantón Latacunga que, siendo organizaciones comunitarias sin fines de lucro, su importancia radica en garantizar el acceso al agua potable, la sostenibilidad del recurso hídrico, equidad, calidad en cuanto a la prestación del servicio y el debido control de los recursos económicos. La metodología que se utiliza es de tipo descriptiva y correlacional, con un enfoque cuantitativo, empleando como técnica de recolección de información la encuesta. Cabe recalcar, que en el desarrollo de la investigación se aplicó un muestreo intencional, donde accedieron participar en las encuestas, un total de 43 directivos de las diferentes JAAP del Cantón Latacunga. En cuanto a, la comprobación de las hipótesis se utiliza como herramienta estadística la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado, empleando el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS), dando como resultado que se acepta la hipótesis alternativa demostrando el grado de asociación o relación que tiene el control interno con los resultados económicos. De esta manera se concluye que, al tener un eficiente control interno en las actividades que se desarrollan dentro de las juntas, permite mejorar los planes y alcanzar los objetivos deseados con el debido control, obteniendo resultados económicos positivos en el manejo y financiamiento de los recursos económicos de las JAAP.
Addition of acai fruit extract to Tris extender and its effect on some
parameters of ram semen preserved at cooling.
Authors: Fadel Radi Hasan , Hussien Banana Husam Jasim
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted in the animal field and laboratories of the Department
of Animal Production / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University
of Baghdad from November 15, 2021 until April 25, 2022. Three local Awassi
rams were used in this experiment, their ages were between 2.5 - 3 years, and they
weighed between 50-58 kg, and semen was collected from them using an artificial
vagina to obtain one ejaculate from each ram weekly. The samples were divided
using a Tris extender, as follows: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg Acai extract / 1 ml Tris in
addition to the control group. Measurements of AST, ALT and MDA concentrations were performed in the seminal plasma. The results of the current study
showed that it had no significant effect on the concentration of MDA, AST and
ALT in seminal plasma for the two periods ( 0 and 72 hours) of preservation for
treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4, although the concentration of ALT enzyme and the
concentration of MDA in the seminal plasma of T3 treatment were mathematically lower than the rest of the treatments in the two periods (0 and 72 hours), while
there was an arithmetic decrease in the concentration of AST enzyme for treatment
T4 over the rest of the treatments in the period (0 hours) and treatment T1 over the
rest of the treatments after (72 hours) of preservation.
Keywords: Acai fruit extract, semen, ram, preservation, 5 °C.
The Relationship Between Lockdowns and Video Game Playtime: Multilevel Time-Series Analysis Using Massive-Scale Data Telemetry (Preprint)
Authors: Zendle David , Flick Catherine , Halgarth Darel , Ballou Nick , Cutting Joe , Drachen Anders
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 led governments worldwide to enact a variety of containment and closure policies. Substantial attention has been directed toward the idea that these public health measures may have unanticipated negative side effects. One proposed effect relates to video games. There is a nascent evidence base suggesting that individuals played video games for longer and in a more disordered manner during lockdowns and school closures specifically. These increases are commonly framed as a potential health concern in relation to disordered gaming. However, the evidence base regarding changes in gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic is based on self-report and, thus, is susceptible to bias. Therefore, it is unclear what the true consequences of lockdowns were for gaming behavior worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study was to estimate whether any specific lockdown policy led to meaningful increases in the amount of time individuals spent playing video games.

METHODS

Rather than relying on self-report, we used >251 billion hours of raw gameplay telemetry data from 184 separate countries to assess the behavioral correlates of COVID-19–related policy decisions. A multilevel model estimated the impact of varying enforcement levels of 8 containment and closure policies on the amount of time that individual users spent in-game. Similar models estimated the impact of policy on overall playtime and the number of users within a country.

RESULTS

No lockdown policy can explain substantial variance in playtime per gamer. School closures were uniquely associated with meaningful increases in total playtime within a country (r2=0.048). However, this was associated with increases in the number of unique individuals playing games (r2=0.057) rather than increases in playtime per gamer (r2<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Previous work using self-report data has suggested that important increases in heavy gaming may occur during pandemics because of containment and closure (“lockdown”) procedures. This study contrasts with the previous evidence base and finds no evidence of such a relationship. It suggests that significant further work is needed before increases in disordered or heavy gaming are considered when planning public health policies for pandemic preparedness.
Usability and Overall Perception of a Health Bot for Nutrition-Related Questions for Patients Receiving Bariatric Care: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Beyeler Marina , Légeret Corinne , Kiwitz Fabian , van der Horst Klazine
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Currently, over 4000 bariatric procedures are performed annually in Switzerland. To improve outcomes, patients need to have good knowledge regarding postoperative nutrition. To potentially provide them with knowledge between dietetic consultations, a health bot (HB) was created. The HB can answer bariatric nutrition questions in writing based on artificial intelligence.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the usability and perception of the HB among patients receiving bariatric care.

METHODS

Patients before or after bariatric surgery tested the HB. A mixed methods approach was used, which consisted of a questionnaire and qualitative interviews before and after testing the HB. The dimensions usability of, usefulness of, satisfaction with, and ease of use of the HB, among others, were measured. Data were analyzed using R Studio (R Studio Inc) and Excel (Microsoft Corp). The interviews were transcribed and a summary inductive content analysis was performed.

RESULTS

A total of 12 patients (female: n=8, 67%; male: n=4, 33%) were included. The results showed excellent usability with a mean usability score of 87 (SD 12.5; range 57.5-100) out of 100. Other dimensions of acceptability included usefulness (mean 5.28, SD 2.02 out of 7), satisfaction (mean 5.75, SD 1.68 out of 7), and learnability (mean 6.26, SD 1.5 out of 7). The concept of the HB and availability of reliable nutrition information were perceived as desirable (mean 5.5, SD 1.64 out of 7). Weaknesses were identified in the response accuracy, limited knowledge, and design of the HB.

CONCLUSIONS

The HB’s ease of use and usability were evaluated to be positive; response accuracy, topic selection, and design should be optimized in a next step. The perceptions of nutrition professionals and the impact on patient care and the nutrition knowledge of participants need to be examined in further studies.
The Effects of Antenatal Interventions on Gestational Weight Gain in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Nguyen Christine H , Fawzi Wafaie W
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a crucial determinant of maternal and child outcomes yet remains an underused target for antenatal interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to identify and summarize educational, behavioral, nutritional, and medical interventions on GWG from randomized controlled trials conducted in LMICs.

METHODS

Randomized controlled trials that documented the effects of antenatal interventions on GWG in LMICs will be included. The interventions of interest will be educational, behavioral, nutritional, or medical. A systematic literature search will be conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database through October 2022 (with an updated search in January 2024). A total of 2 team members will independently perform the screening of studies and data extraction. A narrative synthesis of all the included studies will be provided. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The certainty of the evidence for each homogeneous group of interventions will be assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. A narrative synthesis of the included studies will be conducted to summarize mean differences (with 95% CIs) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios, rate ratios, hazard ratios, or odds ratios (with 95% CIs) for dichotomous or categorical outcomes. Available information on the costs of interventions will also be summarized to facilitate the adoption and scale-up of effective GWG interventions.

RESULTS

The development of the research questions, search strategy, and search protocol was started on September 20, 2022. The database searches and the importation of the identified records into Covidence were performed on October 7, 2022. As of September 2023, the title and abstract screening was ongoing. The target completion time of this systematic review is April 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

Without effective interventions to manage GWG, the potential to improve maternal and child health through optimal GWG remains unrealized in LMICs. This systematic review will inform the design and implementation of antenatal interventions to prevent inadequate and excessive GWG in resource-limited settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42022366354; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=366354

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/48234
Wearable Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Abd-alrazaq Alaa , AlSaad Rawan , Harfouche Manale , Aziz Sarah , Ahmed Arfan , Damseh Rafat , Sheikh Javaid
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Anxiety disorders rank among the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Anxiety symptoms are typically evaluated using self-assessment surveys or interview-based assessment methods conducted by clinicians, which can be subjective, time-consuming, and challenging to repeat. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for using technologies capable of providing objective and early detection of anxiety. Wearable artificial intelligence (AI), the combination of AI technology and wearable devices, has been widely used to detect and predict anxiety disorders automatically, objectively, and more efficiently.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the performance of wearable AI in detecting and predicting anxiety.

METHODS

Relevant studies were retrieved by searching 8 electronic databases and backward and forward reference list checking. In total, 2 reviewers independently carried out study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using a modified version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–Revised. Evidence was synthesized using a narrative (ie, text and tables) and statistical (ie, meta-analysis) approach as appropriate.

RESULTS

Of the 918 records identified, 21 (2.3%) were included in this review. A meta-analysis of results from 81% (17/21) of the studies revealed a pooled mean accuracy of 0.82 (95% CI 0.71-0.89). Meta-analyses of results from 48% (10/21) of the studies showed a pooled mean sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI 0.57-0.91) and a pooled mean specificity of 0.92 (95% CI 0.68-0.98). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the performance of wearable AI was not moderated by algorithms, aims of AI, wearable devices used, status of wearable devices, data types, data sources, reference standards, and validation methods.

CONCLUSIONS

Although wearable AI has the potential to detect anxiety, it is not yet advanced enough for clinical use. Until further evidence shows an ideal performance of wearable AI, it should be used along with other clinical assessments. Wearable device companies need to develop devices that can promptly detect anxiety and identify specific time points during the day when anxiety levels are high. Further research is needed to differentiate types of anxiety, compare the performance of different wearable devices, and investigate the impact of the combination of wearable device data and neuroimaging data on the performance of wearable AI.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42023387560; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=387560
Metamorphosing Mental Health Care: Unshackling the Untapped Potential of Artificial Intelligence for Profound Transformation (Preprint)
Authors: Margam Rakesh , Arora Devamsh , Shukla Rushikesh
Published: November 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Rising incidence of psychological health difficulties in the US has spurred a surge in interest in creative solutions to deal with these challenging problems. This essay explores how artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally changed the approach that mental health services are provided. This research investigates the uses, advantages, difficulties, and potential futures of using AI into mental health therapies with a focus on ethical issues and social repercussions. The article explains how AI-driven solutions are revolutionising the provision of mental health treatment by providing data-driven insights and tailored therapies. AI-enabled chatbots and virtual assistants become reliable sources of assistance, providing easily accessible direction to people in need. Furthermore, by recognising possible mental health issues from social media data, AI's capacity to analyse online behaviour patterns aids in early identification and intervention. But when AI is more thoroughly incorporated into mental health services, serious ethical questions are raised. In-depth discussions of patient privacy, data security, transparency, and potential biases are covered in this study as it explores the ethical implications of AI's use. A crucial factor is finding a balance between utilising AI's capabilities and making sure that ethical monitoring is maintained. Personalised, effective, and easily accessible mental health therapies are on the verge of becoming a reality by using artificial intelligence's analytical capability and accessibility. The study emphasises the need of building a collaborative environment that navigates these breakthroughs ethically, protecting patient well-being while maximising the promise of AI-guided psychological health management. AI is still undergoing rapid development
Mở rộng nguyên lý biến phân Ekeland cho hàm có giá trị khoảng dựa trên tính nửa liên tục inner
Authors: Nguyễn Trung Phát , Huỳnh Thanh Du , Phạm Công Danh , Đỗ Hồng Diễm , Đinh Ngọc Quý
Published: November 2023

Trong bài báo này, tính nửa liên tục inner và tính bị chặn dưới yếu của hàm có giá trị khoảng được sử dụng để đưa ra phiên bản mở rộng của nguyên lý biến phân Ekeland. Nhiều ví dụ cụ thể được đưa ra để làm rõ mối quan hệ giữa kết quả này với các kết quả đã công bố trước đó, bao gồm phân tích các thuận lợi của chúng.
Khảo sát thành phần loài tuyến trùng ký sinh cam quýt ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
Authors: Nguyễn Bá Phú , Đinh Thị Hồng Duyên , Nguyễn Quốc Sĩ , Lê Thị Tú Anh
Published: November 2023

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định mật số và thành phần loài tuyến trùng ký sinh trên cam quýt ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long gồm bưởi da xanh (Citrus maxima) (Bến Tre), bưởi Năm Roi (Citrus maxima) và hạnh (Citrofortunella macrocarpa (B.) Wi.) (Vĩnh Long), cam mật (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) (Hậu Giang), cam soàn (Citrus sinensis (L.) cv. Soan) và quýt hồng (Citrus nobilis var. chrysocarpa Lamk.) (Đồng Tháp), chanh Tàu (Citrus limonia Osb.) (Tiền Giang). Kết quả xác định được 7 loài ký sinh gồm:  Pratylenchus sp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Rotylenchulus sp., Tylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp. và Criconemella sp.. Mật số tuyến trùng trung bình trong đất (con/kg đất) là Tylenchulus semipenetrans (1.813), Pratylenchus sp. (97), Tylenchus sp. (48), Helicotylenchus sp. (46), Tylenchorhynchus sp. (17), Rotylenchulus sp. (10), Criconemella sp. (0,2); ở rễ (con/g rễ): Pratylenchus sp. (24) và Tylenchulus semipenetrans (6). Thành phần ký sinh trong đất là Tylenchulus semipenetrans (89,1%), Pratylenchus sp. (4,76%), Tylenchus sp. (2,59%), Helicotylenchus sp. (2,25%), Tylenchorhynchus sp. (0,83%), Rotylenchulus sp. (0,48%) và Criconemella sp. (0,01%); ở rễ: Pratylenchus sp. (83,1%) và Tylenchulus semipenetrans (16,9%).
Riqueza y endemismo de la flora vascular de Guanajuato, México
Authors: Villaseñor José Luis , Ortiz Enrique , Ramírez-Barrios Rocío , Murguía-Romero Miguel
Published: November 2023

Las bases de datos florísticos constituyen herramientas clave para enriquecer el conocimiento sobre la diversidad vegetal de una región. Considerando la información que aportan, se llevó a cabo el registro de las plantas endémicas y características del estado de Guanajuato, dentro de una cuadrícula de 1° × 1° de latitud y longitud, con el objetivo de evaluar sus patrones de riqueza y sus similitudes florísticas. Los registros de presencia de las especies reportadas en la literatura para Guanajuato, se analizaron junto con las bases de datos en el Sistema Nacional de Información sobre Biodiversidad (SNIB), de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (Conabio) y la del Instituto de Biología, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). A partir de 29,897 registros únicos, se registraron 3,065 especies de plantas vasculares, distribuidas en 997 géneros, 187 familias y 54 órdenes. De ellas 1,174 especies son endémicas de México y 356 se consideran características del estado. Se determinaron 2 grupos florísticos (fitocorias) para el estado. Se discute cómo el conocimiento sobre la riqueza y el endemismo de una región o estado es fundamental para proponer regionalizaciones y estrategias para la conservación de la flora.
New species of Cosmocerca (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), parasite of Leptodactylus melanonotus in Western Mexico, and new records for this species and Incilius marmoreus (Amphibia)
Authors: Velázquez-Brito Andrés , Garduño-Montes de Oca Uriel , García Andrés , León-Règagnon Virginia
Published: November 2023

Specimens of the amphibian species Leptodactylus melanonotus and Incilius marmoreus were collected in several localities in Colima State, Mexico, from July to October 2021. An undescribed species of nematode of the genus Cosmocerca was found in the intestine of L. melanonotus. The new species differs from every other species assigned to this genus by the combination of the following characters: absence of lateral alae in males, 5 plectanes, spicules size, and gubernaculum size and shape. This is the 39th species included in the genus worldwide and it is the second described in Mexico. Six helminth species were collected during this study: Rauschiella poncedeleoni, Cosmocerca colimense n. sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis, and Rhabdias sp. of L. melanonotus; Aplectana incerta and Oswaldocruzia pipiens of I. marmoreus.
Virtual Training: Empowering Information Technology Professionals with Enhanced Skills
Authors: Saha Anindya , Ghosh Dr. Amitava
Published: November 2023

In an era defined by technological advancements, virtual training stands out as a transformative educational method, diverging from traditional classroom settings. Its innovative use of technology provides engaging, cost-effective learning opportunities for remote students, professionals seeking to enhance their skills, and organizations aiming to modernize training initiatives. By seamlessly integrating multimedia, self-paced modules, and collaborative tools, virtual training equips learners with the knowledge and competencies required to excel in their respective fields. Overcoming geographical boundaries, it facilitates global access and supports continuous learning in an ever-changing world. The adaptability, scalability, and datadriven insights of virtual training make it an indispensable tool for individuals and organizations, nurturing skill development, knowledge retention, and proficiency enhancement. The adoption of virtual training has surged in recent years due to its costeffectiveness and flexibility, especially in the fast-paced realm of the information technology (IT) sector. IT professionals must continuously update their skills to keep up with rapidly evolving technologies, making virtual training a practical solution to address workforce education needs. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of virtual training among IT sector employees, focusing on IT professionals who have participated in virtual training programs. The study gathers data from a sample of 200 employees working in IT companies in Kolkata and utilizes the Pearson correlation methodology to evaluate various variables across different data series. The study's findings reveal that IT sector employees generally hold positive attitudes and perceptions about virtual training. Furthermore, the research concludes that the efficacy of virtual training positively impacts areas such as communication improvement, accelerated knowledge dissemination, promotion of collaborative teamwork, career progression, and professional development.
Review on Online Student Attendance System
Authors: Lachake Chandani , Sapre Tejas , Ingle Tejas , Gadekar Srushti , Ghule Akanksha
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This abstract offers a comprehensive view of online student attendance, a crucial aspect of modern educational settings. With the paradigm shift to online learning, monitoring andensuring student attendance has become a paramount concern. This abstract examines the multifaceted dimensions of online attendance, encompassing its significance, challenges, strategies for improvement, and the tools and technologies employed to track and manage attendance. The significance of attendance in the virtual classroom is explored in terms of its correlation to academic performance, engagement, and overall student success. Furthermore, the challenges inherent in monitoring attendance in a remote environment are delineated, such as technical glitches, lack of student engagement, and the need for alternativeassessment methods. Strategies aimed at enhancing attendance and engagement are discussed, including fostering a sense of community, employing interactive teaching methodologies, and leveraging various digital platforms and applications to trackattendance. Additionally, the abstract provides insights into the ethical considerations of attendance monitoring in online education.