bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Media Permainan Congklak dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Materi KPK di Kelas IV
Authors: Abdurrohman Aji Madia
Published: April 2021

According to Trianto, one of the main problems in learning mathematics in schools today is the low absorption of students. The way that can be used to overcome these problems is by using media in learning mathematics. From the results of writing conducted by Luh Made Suriwati, et al, it was found that learning with the help of visual media is more effective in improving student learning outcomes compared to conventional learning methods. One of the media that can be used in learning mathematics is Congklak game media.This type of writing is action research aimed at developing an action plan to improve what is being done now. This writing is descriptive writing, where this writing is writing that really only describes what is contained or occurs in a particular scene, field, or region, namely SD N 1 Toyareka. This writing uses data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation while the technical analysis of data uses data reduction, data presentation and data conclusion. The purpose of this writing is to describe the use of Congklak game media in learning mathematics in class IV and the use of Congklak game resources in instilling student character.The results of the writing show that the Congklak media can be used in learning Mathematics of Multiples Small Guilds. Where in the use of the media, the authors modify the game board by giving writing numbers in each hole of the board. Through the use of these media students can actively and enthusiastically participate in chases that have an impact on improving student learning outcomes. In addition, through the use of the Congklak game media can help teachers to convey the concept of Multiple Small Guilds (KPK) easily and at the same time be more acceptable to students. Through the use of congklak game media can also instill the character of students' curiosity.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pembentukan Karakter Disiplin Beribadah Karyawan di Rumah Makan 1 Sambel Layah Purwokerto
Authors: Abdiyah Khusnul
Published: April 2021

Character education is the shaping of personality based on certain beliefs, either individually or in a group. There are 18 characters education according to DIKNAS, one of it is discipline character. There are three kinds of discipline character, one of it is the discipline character of worship. The study was focused on one of the character education that is the character of worship discipline. The purpose of this study for knowing the implementation of character education in the development of the discipline character of religious workers at the restaurant 1 sambel Layah Purwokerto. This research is fieldresearch or field research, the method of this research is qualitative, which the data-collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on analysis ,the religious activity carried out at the 1 sambel layah purwokerto dinner for employees. The implementation of the character education of the discipline of worship. The nature of the activity included worshipers, shesters, reading of the Koran, memorized and regular exposition. The formation of a disciplined character is expected to make an employee at the restaurant 1 sambel layah should be able to make an employee a good character, quality and balance between the ingredients of live in the world and the hereafter.
Analisis Hasil Penilaian Kinerja Guru
Authors: Yuningsih Ida , Sunhaji Sunhaji
Published: April 2021

This research shows that the implementation of Teacher Performance Appraisal in schools has been implemented but has never been followed up by analyzing the results. Analysis is very important for schools to compile a Sustainable Professional Development program for teachers and as a tool for evaluating the implementation of Teacher Performance Appraisals in order to achieve better education quality. From the results of observations and interviews, there were assessors who were not objective, the value of Teacher Performance Appraisal with certified physical evidence was not yet appropriate. The average result of the Subject Teacher Performance Appraisal is 87% (good) and the Counseling Guidance is 88% (good). Average Teacher Performance Appraisal in pedagogic competence subjects 83% (good) and Counseling Guidance 97% (very good), subject teacher personality competence 98% (very good) and Counseling Guidance 100% (very good), social competence of subject teachers lesson 86% (good) and Counseling Guidance 83% (good), as well as the professional competence of subject teachers 83% (good) and Counseling Guidance 79% (good). However, there are several competency indicators for subject teachers whose mastery is 75% (sufficient) and Counseling Guidance 50% (moderate). Even though the results of the Teacher Performance Assessment have been good, the principal needs to control the implementation and reporting so that the results are more credible, can be accounted for, not only for aborting obligations as well as one of the requirements for submitting credit scores for teachers.
Filantropi Pembiayaan Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Hidayat Imam , Utami Rahmi Bekti , Samiaji Mukhamad Hamid
Published: April 2021

This research on Philanthropy for The Financing of Educational Institutions in KB Al Hikmah Purworejo was conducted to find out about how philanthropy financing is carried out in kb AL Hikmah Purworejo. The method used in this article is a type of qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques are carried out with observations, interviews and documentation. The analysis techniques carried out are the presentation of data, and draw conclusions. The results of this study show that philanthropy financing is still needed in kb Al Hikmah institutions considering the needs of institutions that have not been able to be fully independent. With the philanthropy by the community also supports learning activities so that kb Al Hikmah institutions remained until now even in pandemic situations. Philanthropic activities financing by the community there are carried out routinely every month such as the addition of teacher salaries, payment of electricity and water accounts. So with the philanthropy financing of this institution is very helpful in the process of learning and improving the quality of early childhood education
Pengelolaan Administrasi Sekolah di RA Ar-Rafif Tirtomartani Sleman
Authors: Istiqomah Atina
Published: April 2021

This study discusses how to manage an administrative school in RA Arrafif Tirtomartani Kalasan Sleman, the next method used in this study is a qualitative study describing how to manage an administration school in RA Arrafif Tirtomartani Kalasan Sleman. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews and documentation, then data analysis in this study uses miles and huberman data analysis using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on data collection and analysis conducted on research findings on school administration management in RA Arrafif Tirtomartani Kalasan Sleman, while the results of this study include seven school administrations that manage well such as 1) school administration, 2) class administration, 3) student administration, 4) financial administration, 5) headmaster administration, 6) staffing administration, 7) administration of inventory, but there are some things that still lack.
Coming together when everything is pulling us apart
Authors: Kalsi Dilraj
Published: April 2021

It is an honour to be asked to follow Prof Bill Fulford, who eloquently and impactfully makes the point that the JNDS plugs the gap of individual experience which is often unheard. I would like to follow by acknowledging the challenges we face in hearing our patients.
COVID-19 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES
Authors:   Research Scholar, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Samdur, Gangtok, Sikkim, INDIA, Limbu Numa
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before its outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2019. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (hereafter referred to as WHO). The virus that causes COVID-19 infects people of all ages. According to the report of the WHO, the total cases reported were 62, 573, 188; 43, 193, 999 recovered, and 1,458,305 deaths (Worldometer, 2020). Its impact can be seen on every corner of the world, most prominently on a specific group of the population known as Indigenous Communities. Indigenous communities are also known as tribal people, Adivasis, i.e., aboriginal communities; and are a significant part of the world’s population. They are far from the contemporary trend, economic development and have their own language, religion, cultures, festivals, music, cuisine, etc. Zacharius, T. (2020) mentions that they have lived close to nature, and their way of life is different from than mainstream lifestyle. They mostly depend on agriculture and handicrafts and hold a vast amount of Traditional Knowledge. The Communities are economically and socially backward and live in isolation and self-contained groups. Less development and failure to reach the Indigenous communities have made them face various issues during this pandemic situation. The Coronavirus (hereafter referred to as COVID-19) pandemic poses a grave health threat to the Indigenous communities around the world. The absence of proper healthcare, sanitation, other preventive measures significantly increases the danger. This paper describes the impact of COVID-19 on society, especially on the health of Indigenous Communities.
VACCINE RACE TO BECOME A REALITY AGAINST THE HIGHLY INFECTIOUS CORONAVIRUS (COVID19)
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, INDIA, MUKHERJEE KOEL , Sahu Apoorva ,   Student, Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, INDIA
Published: April 2021

COVID-19, is a global pandemic started in November 2019, extending beyond its biological scale to infect lives globally by inserting their genomic material inside the host cells. This global threat has till now claimed numerous lives with no possible full proof cure till date. There is no unanimity amongst the countries in the design and development of specific vaccines to cure COVID-19 and its distribution among the global population. India Government acquired “cold chain management” for safe and even distribution of present vaccines (Covaxin, Covisheild). Here, authors intend to put some light on the brief introduction, stages and perspective of cold chain logistics of vaccine distribution in India with 150crores of population.
Türkiye’de gelişmişlik seviyesi iş kazası ilişkisinin analizi ve benzer gelişmişlik seviyesindeki ülkelerle karşılaştırılması
Authors: YILDIZ Serkan , ÖZDEMİR Uğur
Published: April 2021

İş kazaları yol açtıkları ölüm, yaralanma ve işgücü kayıpları ile iş hayatının en önemli sorunlarından birisi olmaya devam etmekte, istatistikler ise gelişmiş ülkelerde iş kazalarının diğer ülkelere göre daha az olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin gelişmişlik seviyesi ile iş kazası istatistikleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla gelişmişlik seviyesi göstergeleri olan kişi başı gayri safi yurt içi hasıla (GSYİH), ortalama eğitim süresi ve İnsani Gelişme Endeksi (İGE) verilerinin ölümcül ve ölümcül olmayan iş kazaları ile ilişkisi basit regresyon analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Benzer analizler, Türkiye ile benzer gelişmişlik düzeyindeki Rusya, Romanya, Portekiz, Hırvatistan ve Meksika için İGE verisi baz alınarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları Türkiye için İGE ile ölüm sayıları arasında ters yönlü yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya koymuş, ancak 2000-2012 yılları arası iş kazası verisi için yine ters yönlü bir ilişki görülürken, 2013-2018 yıllarında bu ilişkinin ne yazık ki pozitife döndüğü görülmüştür. Karşılaştırma yapılan ülkelerin genelinde ise gelişmişlik düzeyi artarken kaza ve ölümlerin azaldığı görülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçlarının paydaşlara Türkiye’de iş güvenliğinin gelişmişlikle ilişkisi ve mevcut durumu hakkında önemli veriler sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Le paradoxe de l’invisibilité d’une minorité visible : immigrés et descendants d’immigrés chinois en France
Authors: Du Juan , Le Bail Hélène , Lévy Florence , Li Zhipeng
Published: April 2021

Ce dossier vise à questionner le paradoxe de la visibilité et de l’invisibilité des migrants chinois et de leurs descendants en France. Si la visibilité de la population issue de l’immigration chinoise en France ne peut être niée dans le paysage urbain de certains quartiers de concentration commerciale, entrepreneuriale ou de résidence, ou lors d’évènements culturels comme les défilés du Nouvel An lunaire, on parle pourtant souvent de « minorité invisible » ou « discrète ». Cela fait moins référence à son imperceptibilité dans la ville que, d'une part, à une forme d'invisibilité de l'histoire et de la diversité de cette population, et, d'autre part, à sa marginalité sociale et politique. Dans quelle mesure les perceptions extérieures et les lieux communs assignent-ils ces personnes d’origine chinoise à des formes de visibilité et d’invisibilité ? Jusqu’à quel point les processus de visibilisation et d’invisibilisation résultent-ils de stratégies volontaires de la part de ces migrants et de leurs descendants ? C’est pour avancer sur ces questions que ce dossier rassemble les travaux issus de terrains de recherche émergents, en particulier ceux réalisés par de jeunes chercheurs ou des acteurs de la société civile. Les articles publiés sont le fruit de trois ans d’un travail collectif réalisé dans le cadre du projet « Chinois.es en Île-de-France » financé par la Ville de Paris.
Les Chinois en France à travers la presse : un aperçu sur cent ans de stéréotypes
Authors: Live Yu-Sion
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose un aperçu des représentations dominantes véhiculées par les médias sur les Chinois en France, à travers l’analyse d’articles de la presse écrite publiés entre 1914 et 2020. Le discours des médias se focalise globalement sur les activités informelles des migrants chinois, avec une forte récurrence des stéréotypes négatifs. En définitive, il ressort de notre étude une méconnaissance des Chinois et de leurs descendants, perçus comme de « perpétuels étrangers » en dépit d’un siècle de présence en France.
Actions culturelles engagées : discours et mobilisations contre le « racisme anti-asiatique » en France
Authors: Le Bail Hélène
Published: April 2021

L’épidémie de Covid-19 a été une nouvelle étape dans l’avènement d’une cause, celle de la mise en évidence et de la dénonciation d’actes et de discours racistes en France à l’égard des personnes d’origine chinoise, et plus largement d’origine asiatique. L’on ne peut comprendre la rapide circulation du hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus et la multiplication des interviews de Français d’origine asiatique dans la presse, fin janvier 2020, sans revenir sur une décennie de mobilisations collectives en faveur de cette cause. À partir des mobilisations des immigrés chinois depuis 2010, déjà bien documentées, cet article propose de se focaliser sur le rôle des descendants d’immigrés chinois et du Sud-Est asiatique, qui ont multiplié les espaces d’échange et les supports de communication, tout au long de la dernière décennie, pour mettre en place des actions collectives de lutte contre les « stéréotypes qui tuent » et pour faire reconnaître l’existence d’un « racisme anti-asiatique ».
Nouvelles mises en scène de la culture chinoise en France : le cas des restaurants chinois à Paris
Authors: Gibet Lise
Published: April 2021

Espaces d'échanges économiques, sociaux et culturels, les restaurants chinois sont, depuis le début du XX e siècle en France des espaces de représentation d'une altérité dite chinoise. En observant l’évolution des restaurants chinois au fil des différentes vagues migratoires chinoises, cet article s'intéressera à la transformation des mises en scène de ces commerces dans l'espace urbain. Pour ce faire, l'analyse s'appuie sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée à Paris entre 2017 et 2020. L’article décrit dans un premier temps comment les immigrés ont, pendant longtemps, décoré leurs restaurants pour y proposer une mise en scène exotique de la culture chinoise, puis, dans un second temps, comment une vague migratoire plus jeune et plus qualifiée, ainsi que des entrepreneurs descendants d’immigrés ont bousculé les repères et proposé une mise en scène plurielle et contemporaine de la culture chinoise, voire des espaces de revendication et d'affirmation identitaire.
« Wenzhou-town » : les commerçants chinois de Marseille et leur réseau économique ethnique
Authors: Romolacci Justine
Published: April 2021

Depuis le début des années 2000, la communauté chinoise de Marseille est de plus en plus active et visible dans le centre-ville. Les Chinois, majoritairement originaires de la province du Zhejiang, et plus précisément de la région de Wenzhou, ont investi dans le quartier de Belsunce le secteur de la vente en gros et demi-gros de produits importés de Chine. Ces commerçants wenzhou sont reliés à des communautés chinoises implantées dans d’autres villes européennes par un réseau commercial ethnique d’import/export, qui se matérialise dans les villes par la formation de centres de grossistes chinois. La récente création du Marseille International Fashion Center 68 (MIF68), un centre de grossistes, et le positionnement de la ville sur les nouvelles routes de la soie participent à l’internationalisation du made in China . Ainsi, le quartier de Belsunce s’éloigne du Chinatown classique, lieu d’exotisme et de tourisme, pour former un nouveau type de Chinatown que nous appellerons « Wenzhou-town ». Dans cet article, il s’agit dans un premier temps de décrire les aspects visibles de la présence chinoise, à savoir l’implantation des grossistes chinois dans le quartier ; puis, dans un second temps, de montrer la part moins visible, mais qui semble être l’essence même du fonctionnement de cette communauté, le réseau économique transnational.
Invisibilité des pratiques religieuses des migrants chinois en France
Authors: Pan Junliang
Published: April 2021

En France, les migrants chinois sont connus pour leur dynamisme économique. Cependant, la composante religieuse de cette communauté, quoique importante, demeure peu explorée et presque invisible en tant que telle aux yeux des Français. Cette invisibilité résulte d’abord de l’imbrication du culturel et du cultuel dans les pratiques religieuses chinoises. Elle est aussi associée à la stratégie communautaire qui cantonne le prosélytisme au sein de la diaspora chinoise. Par ailleurs, sous la pression politique du régime communiste chinois qui les labellise comme « sectaires », certains groupes religieux préfèrent pratiquer leur culte dans la discrétion. Le présent texte examine les différents aspects des religions chinoises en France pour comprendre leur expression dans un contexte migratoire 1 .
S’expatrier pour « faire savoir son savoir-faire » ?
Authors: Bréhon Jean , Juskowiak Hugo , Sallé Loïc
Published: April 2021

Depuis les années 1990, le travail des entraîneurs français de football professionnel évolue et se caractérise notamment par une plus forte propension à la mobilité internationale. Qu’ils soient des figures plus ou moins connues du football hexagonal et qu’ils aient construit un palmarès plus ou moins fourni au cours de leur carrière, les techniciens français bénéficient souvent d’une image positive hors de France et sont, aujourd’hui, très nombreux à exercer leur activité dans d’autres championnats ou à la tête de sélections nationales étrangères. Combien sont-ils ? Qui sont-ils et pourquoi acceptent-ils d’exercer à l’étranger ? Cet article propose, d’une part, de quantifier et de situer l’expatriation des techniciens du « ballon rond » et, d’autre part, de montrer en quoi la perception des entraîneurs peut révéler des formes de mobilités professionnelles subies, consenties ou encore choisies, dépendantes de la position occupée dans l’espace professionnel et pouvant relier logique individuelle et mécanismes organisationnels de la profession.
« Erga- » : Contribution sémantique et lexicale à une étude unifiée des relations entre ordres juridiques
Authors: Boden Didier
Published: April 2021

Le droit international privé et les autres ensembles de règles d'un ordre juridique qui ont trait aux relations de celui-ci avec d'autres ordres juridiques sont mal dénommés et mal définis. Le présent article propose de remédier à cette impropriété lexicale et à cette déficience sémantique en présentant une nouvelle collection de dénominations et une nouvelle collection de définitions.
La déchéance de nationalité résiste à l'article 8 conv. EDH et à la règle non bis in idem
Authors: Lagarde Paul
Published: April 2021

Bien que le droit à la nationalité ne soit pas en tant que tel garanti par la Convention ou par ses protocoles, une déchéance arbitraire de nationalité peut dans certaines circonstances poser un problème au regard de l'article 8 de la Convention du fait de son impact sur la vie privée de l'intéressé. (1) Quant aux conséquences de ces décisions sur la vie privée des requérants, il est vrai que leur capacité à rester en France s'en trouve fragilisée. Étrangers sur le sol français, ils peuvent désormais faire l'objet d'une mesure d'éloignement. Or une mesure de ce type serait susceptible d'avoir des incidences sur leur vie privée en ce qu'elle pourrait notamment provoquer la perte de leur travail, leur séparation de leurs proches et une rupture des liens sociaux qu'ils ont pu développer en France. Toutefois, en l'état du dossier, dès lors qu'aucune mesure d'éloignement n'a été prise, la conséquence de la déchéance de nationalité sur la vie privée des requérants tient à la perte d'un élément de leur identité. (2) Pour que s'applique l'article 4 du Protocole n° 7, aux termes duquel nul ne peut être poursuivi ou puni pénalement en raison d'une infraction pour laquelle il a déjà été définitivement acquitté ou condamné, il faudrait déterminer si, par l'effet de cette déchéance de la nationalité française, en application de l'article 25 du code civil, les requérants peuvent être considérés comme ayant été « punis pénalement » au sens de l'article 4 du Protocole. Or il résulte tant du droit français que de la nature de cette mesure et de ce qu'elle n'a pas en elle-même pour effet l'éloignement hors du territoire français de ceux qu'elle touche, que la déchéance de nationalité prévue par l'article 25 du code civil n'est pas une punition pénale, au sens de l'article 4 du Protocole n° 7 et que cette disposition n'est donc pas applicable en l'espèce. (3)
Improbable retour en grâce de la théorie générale des conflits de juridictions : naissance d'une règle de compétence purement internationale s'agissant d'une action en partage d'un bien immobilier situé en France
Authors: Farnoux Étienne
Published: April 2021

S'agissant d'une action en partage d'un bien immobilier situé en France, exercée sur le fondement de l'article 815-17, alinéa 3, du code civil, l'extension à l'ordre international des critères de compétence territoriale du juge aux affaires familiales, fondés sur la résidence de la famille ou de l'un des parents ou époux, n'était pas adaptée aux nécessités particulières des relations internationales, qui justifiaient, tant pour des considérations pratiques de proximité qu'en vertu du principe d'effectivité, de retenir que le critère de compétence territoriale devait être celui du lieu de situation de ce bien.
Notion de litige transfrontière et conformité aux droits fondamentaux de la déjudiciarisation des procédures de recouvrement forcée
Authors: Richard Vincent
Published: April 2021

L'article 18 TFUE et l'article 47 de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne ne s'opposent pas à une réglementation nationale habilitant les notaires, agissant dans le cadre des compétences qui leur sont dévolues dans les procédures d'exécution forcée sur le fondement d'un document faisant foi, à rendre des ordonnances d'exécution qui ne peuvent pas être reconnues et exécutées dans un autre État membre.
Les mystères du domicile apparent
Authors: Minois Maud
Published: April 2021

Le demandeur a la possibilité d'attraire le défendeur devant les juridictions françaises de son domicile apparent s'il est établi que le premier pouvait légitimement croire qu'il s'agissait du domicile réel du second.
À propos de l'application du Règlement Bruxelles II bis dans les relations avec les États tiers
Authors: Legendre Rebecca
Published: April 2021

Une juridiction d'un État membre est compétente pour connaître d'une demande en divorce, dès lors que l'un des critères alternatifs de compétence qu'il énonce est localisé sur le territoire de cet État, peu important que les époux soient ressortissants d'États tiers ou que l'époux défendeur soit domicilié dans un État tiers. Cette règle de compétence est exclusive de toute règle de compétence de droit international privé commun.
Retour sur la notion d'inconciliabilité des décisions au sens du Règlement « Bruxelles I »
Authors: Fulli-Lemaire Samuel
Published: April 2021

Statuant sur l'article 27.3° de la Convention de Bruxelles du 27 septembre 1968 concernant la compétence judiciaire et l'exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale, dont les termes sont identiques à ceux de l'article 34, 3) du règlement CE n° 44/2001 (« Bruxelles I »), la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes a précisé qu'afin d'établir s'il y a inconciliabilité au sens de ce texte, il convenait de rechercher si les décisions en cause entraînaient des conséquences juridiques qui s'excluaient mutuellement (CJCE 4 févr. 1988, aff. C-145/86, Hoffmann c/ Krieg, pt 22). Deux décisions, dont l'une rejette une demande de nullité d'un prêt pour absence de cause et l'autre considère qu'aucune créance n'a pu valablement naître de ce même prêt, sont inconciliables au sens de l'article 34, 3) du règlement CE n° 44/2001 (« Bruxelles I »).
Contrôle de la motivation et interdiction de la révision d'un jugement étranger
Authors: Gaudemet-Tallon Hélène
Published: April 2021

Viole l'article 37 de la convention judiciaire entre la France et le Togo du 23 mars 1976 l'arrêt qui, pour reconnaître qu'un individu n'est pas de nationalité française, retient que le jugement supplétif d'acte de naissance rendu le 18 août 2004 par le tribunal de première instance de Lomé ne mentionne le nom et l'âge d'aucun témoin et ne comporte aucune énonciation de faits susceptibles de justifier la décision et que ce défaut de motivation n'est suppléé par aucun autre élément, alors que le jugement togolais était pourvu d'une motivation, en sorte que la cour d'appel ne pouvait substituer sa propre appréciation de la valeur et de la portée des éléments de preuve à celle du juge togolais sans procéder à une révision au fond de ce jugement .
Les grands enjeux RH de demain
Authors: Hello Philippe , Crach Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2021

Préparer la défense de demain exige d’anticiper les ressources humaines en s’inscrivant dans le temps long tout en répondant aux exigences opérationnelles et aux aspirations du personnel et de leurs familles. Il faut également prendre en compte les évolutions sociétales tout en demeurant ferme sur les principes militaires.
Modeler l’aviateur de demain
Authors: Buffereau Jean-Noël
Published: April 2021

La 3 e dimension est exigeante par ses contraintes de temps – décider vite – et le besoin de précision et de rigueur. Cela impose de préparer nos aviateurs avec agilité, audace et passion en s’appuyant sur une pédagogie du succès mettant en valeur les nouvelles générations rejoignant l’Armée de l’air et de l’espace.
Quels ingénieurs militaires pour demain ?
Authors: Plessix Florence
Published: April 2021

Les armées ont besoin d’ingénieurs militaires pour préparer les forces de demain. Cela doit s’inscrire dans la durée d’une carrière permettant de diversifier les compétences et les expériences. Cela exige une formation de qualité et des parcours performants et valorisants au service de la nation.
Smart Base RH : la coopération au service des enjeux RH de demain
Authors: Vallette Sébastien
Published: April 2021

Dans un monde en turbulence, innover les ressources humaines de nos armées est une nécessité. Le regroupement des DRH à Tours devrait permettre de développer de nouveaux outils et des méthodes dynamiques pour une organisation en réseau plus apte à gérer un écosystème RH en pleine mutation.
La stratégie d’anticipation et de maîtrise des compétences de Naval Group
Authors: Domaizon Anne
Published: April 2021

Naval Group conduit des programmes dont la durée de vie peut atteindre le demi-siècle, d’où l’importance d’anticiper et de maîtriser toutes les compétences de conception et de fabrication techniques et industrielles. La stratégie RH doit utiliser les leviers disponibles dont la formation en apprentissage au plus près du terrain.
L’Europe prépare ses futurs lanceurs spatiaux
Authors: Steininger Philippe
Published: April 2021

Alors qu’ Ariane 6 va commencer sa carrière en 2022, l’Europe, sous la pression de la concurrence, notamment de SpaceX, prépare déjà ses futurs lanceurs avec le nouveau moteur Prometheus . Un démonstrateur de premier étage réutilisable Themis viendra compléter le projet pour garantir l’autonomie stratégique européenne.
L’histoire du vol habité en France
Authors: Lardier Christian
Published: April 2021

La France, consciente du coût de l’accès à l’espace, n’a pas développé de filière « vol habité », mais a cependant participé à celle-ci avec l’envoi de spationautes, depuis Jean-Loup Chrétien en 1982, jusqu’à Thomas Pesquet avec un deuxième vol prévu fin avril 2021.
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude
Published: April 2021

Il y a soixante ans, le putsch des généraux faisait trembler la V e  République instaurée par le général de Gaulle, suite à l’incapacité de la IV e à trouver une solution politique au conflit algérien. La rupture consommée du lien entre la nation et son armée a été inéluctable ; sa reconstruction demandera des décennies d’effort.
A Novel Method for Characterization of Ultralow Viscosity NCF Layers Using TCB for 3D Assembly
Authors: Capuz Giovanni , Lofrano Melina , Gerets Carine , Duval Fabrice , Bex Pieter , Derakhshandeh Jaber , Vanstreels Kris , Phommahaxay Alain , Beyne Eric , Miller Andy
Published: April 2021

For die-to-wafer (D2W) stacking of high-density interconnects and fine-pitch microbumps, underfill serves to fill the spaces in-between microbumps for protection and reliability. Among the different types of underfill, nonconductive film (NCF) has the advantages of fillet and volume control. However, one of the challenges is the solder joint wetting. An NCF must have good embedded-flux activation to mitigate Cu UBM pad oxidation due to the repeated TCB cycles that accelerate oxidation on neighboring dice. The flux in the NCF also helps in wetting the solder bumps. To realize efficient solder wetting, one must also understand the NCF deformation quality, which is a function of its viscosity. This parameter has direct impact on the deformation of solder bumps. High-viscosity NCF would be difficult to deform, thus preventing solder contact to pad during TCB reflow temperature. High bond force is required and could lead to reduced alignment accuracy. For a low viscous NCF, it requires low bond force. Solder joint wetting is a challenge with excessive squeezeout due to fast and instantaneous deformation. We seek to demonstrate in this article a creative methodology for NCF material characterization, considering the factors of NCF viscosity, deformation, and solder squeezeout. We use TCB tool position-tracking data to define the deformation curve of the NCF as a function of temperature and time at very fast profile of TCB. We use the NCF viscosity curve as reference in relation to the actual deformation, and predict dynamic deformation in three different configurations. Deformation test configurations were performed on chips with and without microbumps bonded with a rigid flat glass surface and with a bottom Cu UBM pad. The experiments were performed with different heating ramp rates at target above Sn reflow of ~250°C interface temperature. As validation, we applied the optimized TCB process (force, temperature, and ramp rate) on a test vehicle with 20 and 40 μm pitch daisy chains and obtained very good connectivity with good joint and IMC formation.
The Role of Knowledge, Attitude, Gender, and School Grades in Preventing Drugs Use: Findings on Students’ Intentions to Participate in Peer Education Program
Authors: Nurmala Ira , Muthmainnah  , Hariastuti Iswari , Devi Yuli Puspita , Ruwandasari Nurvita
Published: April 2021

Background

Student groups are prone to drug abuse. The prevalence of drugs in the past year among high school students in Surabaya, Indonesia occupies the highest provincial capital (9.4%). The purpose of this study analyzed the relationship between knowledge about drugs, attitudes about peer education, gender, class, and students’ intention to participate in peer education programs in HEY (Health Educator for Youth) activities.

Design and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with student participants (12-18 years) in six high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia (n=167). This study used an online survey to assess knowledge of drugs and students’ attitudes about HEY peer education activities.

Results

More than half of the students have insufficient knowledge about drugs and have negative attitudes about peer education in HEY activities. This study also showed that students’ intention to participate in peer education was not influenced by the level of knowledge, student attitudes, and gender. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between class and student participation in peer education activities. This showed that the student's factor regarding participation in peer education was a class category where the lower class is more motivated to participate.

Conclusion

Most students have less knowledge about drugs and a negative attitude about peer education. However, the intention to participate in peer education activities is more thus it is necessary to improve the quality of peer educators through activities that are performed regularly by various relevant stakeholders.
Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Iran, 2017
Authors: Ghasemian Sayedeh Ommolbanin , Fazlalipour Mehdi , Hosseini Ghasem , Pouryaievali Mohammad Hassan , Azad-Manjiri Sanam , Khakifirouz Sahar , Vasmehjani Abbas Ahmadi , Salehi-Vaziri Mostafa
Published: April 2021

Background & objectives: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with up to 50% mortality rate in humans. In addition to the role of animals in the transmission of the virus and spread of infected ticks through livestock trade, they can be employed as sentinel hosts for monitoring the infection. Iran is one of the endemic counties for CCHF and the disease has been documented in all provinces. However, in some provinces such as Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, the rate of the disease has been dramatically low. Therefore, this serosurvey was designed to investigate CCHF virus (CCHFV) seroprevalence among livestock in different parts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province.

Methods: This study was conducted in 2017, in which, blood samples were collected from 501 sheep and goats from eight different cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. CCHFV IgG antibodies were detected in livestock serum samples by specific ELISA assays for detection of ovine and caprine antibodies.

Results: In total, four sheep serum of out of 501 (0.8%) livestock samples (3 from Gachsaran and 1 from Dena) had CCHFV IgG antibodies. No significant association was found between CCHFV seropositivity and sex or age of animals (P>0.05).

Interpretation & conclusion: Our findings suggest a minor CCHFV circulation in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. However, due to the notion that outbreaks of tick-borne infections is hard to predict; steady and comprehensive monitoring programs especially in ticks and animals would be critical for understanding the circulation on the pathogen in a region.
Lipids fluctuations in mosquitoes upon arboviral infections
Authors: Melendez-Villanueva Mayra A , Trejo-Ávila Laura M , Galán-Huerta Kame A , Rivas-Estilla Ana M
Published: April 2021

Arboviruses are responsible for several emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, with dengue, Zika virus disease and Chikungunya fever being the most important arboviral diseases nowadays. Infection of these viruses depends primarily on its ability to replicate and disseminate in mosquitoes. Since these viruses are enveloped, viral replication, assembly and release occurs in the cellular membranes, which depends on the manipulation of host lipid metabolism. Specifically in mammalian cells replication, they use host lipids to establish a compartment known as replication complex that contains the replicase complex. This complex includes viral RNA, proteins and host factors necessary for a successful replication in mammalian cells. Although little is known about extrinsic factor(s) needed for arbovirus replication in vectors, recent reports show that high lipid concentrations are related with increased viral replication in mosquito cells infected with dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses. Here, we present a review that focuses on the cellular mechanisms and the lipid environment alteration in mosquito vector after arbovirus infection and their relationship with arbovirus replication.
Prevalence and transmission potential of Wolbachia in Aedes albopictus population circulating in endemic coastal districts of Odisha, India
Authors: Mohanty Ipsita , Rath Animesha , Pradhan Nitika , Panda Barsa Baisalini , Mohapatra Pradyumna Kishore , Hazra Rupenangshu Kumar
Published: April 2021

Wolbachia, known for its reproductive manipulation capabilities in insects, are being implemented to control dengue and chikungunya. To understand Wolbachia biology and its utility as a bio-control for vector mosquito’s populations, we investigated its dissemination pattern in field in collected Ae. albopictus along with its maternal transmission efficacy over generations in regions of endemic dengue (DENV) transmission. Field collected Ae. albopictus were subjected to PCR for Wolbachia screening. Overall mean Wolbachia infection frequency in Ae. albopictus was found out to be 87.3% wherein a trend was observed in the pattern of maternal transmission across generations. χ2 for trend revealed a significant variation between Wolbachia infections and non-infections in Ae. albopictus generations. Linear regression analysis revealed the involvement of a strong negative correlation, implying that overall Wolbachia infection tends to decrease in places with high dengue cases. The reduction in Wolbachia infection frequency may be attributed to several environmental factors with the probability of being the cause for endemicity of dengue in the studied areas. This study reports on the transmission efficacy of naturally occurring Wolbachia in successive generations of Ae. albopictus and its correlation with dengue cases in clusters of Odisha, India. Studying the transmission trend of Wolbachia along with transovarial transmission of DENV might be indicative towards the interplay of Wolbachia infection in presence/absence of DENV.
A survey of urinary schistosomiasis among school aged children of ten communities in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Boih Lugard Obonogbigho , Okaka Christopher E. , Igetei Joseph E.
Published: April 2021

Background & objectives: Schistosomiasis is one of the major neglected tropical parasitic diseases caused by a group of blood-feeding worms in the genus Schistosoma. Nigeria ranks highest among all countries worldwide, however, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence of the disease in some parts of the country. Therefore, the research aims to augment available data on the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among schoolaged children in ten communities in Edo state, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 400 school-aged children was conducted in 10 randomly selected communities in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area, Edo State of Nigeria between November 2016 and April 2017. Demographic data of subjects was collected using a structured questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and examined for haematuria and ova of Schistosoma haematobium using a commercially prepared reagent strip (Medi-Test Combi9TMR) and sedimentation technique respectively.

Results: The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis based on microscopic examination of the urine sediment for the ova of S. haematobium was 17.3%, while haematuria was 22.0%. Mean intensity of S. haematobium oval count ranged between 2.0–4.0/10ml of urine per community. Prevalence was higher among males (24.5%) than females (10.0%)(P<0.05), which was statistically significant. Overall, age group 7–9 years showed the highest prevalence of infection. Farming showed a strong correlation as a parent occupational risk factor in predisposing children to infection as it accounts for 73.9% of all infections.

Interpretation & conclusion: Findings indicate that urinary schistosomiasis is still prevalent among school-aged children in Akoko-Edo LGA, which hinders their growth, development and cognitive abilities. Although, mass drug administration is ongoing in some of the communities, re-infection still occurs due to ignorance, occupational factors, lack of portable water and sanitary toilets.
Steroid Cell Tumor of the Ovary Presenting with Ascites
Authors: Velamala Pavani , Gupta Parikshaa , Sikka Pooja , Kumar Divyesh , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: April 2021

Steroid cell tumors of the ovary are rare sex-cord stromal tumors, accounting for approximately 0.1% of all ovarian neoplasms. Majority of these tumors are benign, occur in pre-menopausal women and are associated with hyperandrogenism. However, around one-third of cases are malignant and do not present with hormonal manifestations. A 48-year-old post-menopausal woman presented with complaints of gradually increasing progressive abdominal distension over the past 3 months. She had a history of weight gain but denied any symptoms of virilization. On examination, abdominal distension associated with ascites was noted. Serum CA125 level was raised. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a solid right adnexal mass. Based on the clinical impression of epithelial ovarian malignancy, the patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and infracolic omentectomy. Histopathological examination revealed steroid cell tumor of the not otherwise specified type in the right ovary with the capsular breach. However, all other organs, including the omentum were free of tumor. The index case is unique for its presentation in a post-menopausal woman, association with ascites, elevated CA125 levels and lack of any virilization manifestations. Establishing an early and accurate tissue diagnosis is essential so that appropriate surgical management can be done to prevent the development of metastases in potentially malignant cases.
An Audit of Clinical Studies Involving Elderly Population Registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India
Authors: Sharma Avi Anil , Karekar Sonali Rajiv , Shetty Yashashri Chandrakant
Published: April 2021

Context:

The elderly in India form a heterogeneous subset of the population with significant disease burden variations. However, there are no data available regarding the type of research studies conducted in an elderly population in India.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to analyze the research studies conducted in the elderly population in India based on data from the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI).

Settings and Design:

This was an “audit” of available data on the CTRI website.

Participants and Methods:

Following exemption from the Institutional Ethics Committee, all studies in the elderly population registered in CTRI from its inception (July 2007 to August 2019) were reviewed. Data captured with respect to geographical distribution, study designs used, therapy area, trial registration, and funding.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16.0.

Results:

Out of a total of 21,400 studies in CTRI, a total of 99 (0.46%) studies involved only elderly patients. Of these studies, 60 (60.6%) were interventional, whereas 39 (39.4%) were observational. Of all the interventional studies, 17 (28%) tested drugs, 26 (43%) tested a lifestyle intervention, and the rest were nutraceuticals, Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, and physiotherapy. Postgraduate theses constituted 60 (60.6%) studies. Eighty-seven (87.9%) were academic projects, eight (8.1%) were government-funded studies, and only four (4%) were pharmaceutical-sponsored studies. The most commonly studied therapy area was the central nervous system, followed by community medicine and orthopedics.

Conclusions:

This study depicts the underrepresentation of the geriatric population in clinical studies.
Gender Bias in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Detection, and Management, with Specific Reference to Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Desai Shailesh , Munshi Atul , Munshi Devangi
Published: April 2021

Even though cardiovascular disease (CVD) kills more women than men each year and remains a leading cause of death in women, it is a common misconception that women are less likely to develop CVD. Considerable sex difference exists between men and women with regard to prevention, investigations, and management of CVD. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor to CVD morbidity and mortality and hence is specifically addressed in this article. With an explosive increase in the incidence of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease in India, there has been an alarming increase in women's coronary events as much as men. A false sense of gender-based protection by estrogen leads to less aggressive and late prevention or management strategies that contribute to women's CAD. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important contributor to future development of CAD and is also an indicator for earlier interventions for prevention. Due to physical inactivity and central obesity, MetS is more prevalent in women, especially postmenopausal. With estrogen loss, menopause marks a critical cardiovascular biological transition, with a significantly increased CVD risk in women aged >55 years. Certain female-specific risk factors, such as history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and gestational diabetes, also seem to play an essential role in the development of CVD in later life. Certain vascular and biological factors, such as smaller coronary vessel size, higher prevalence of small vessel disease, and lesser development of collateral flow, also play an important role. This review article is an attempt to provide important information on gender differences in CVD with specific emphasis on CAD.