bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem Cell-Based or Cell-Free Gene Therapy in Chondrocyte
Regeneration: Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Exosomes
Authors: Uysal Onur , Erybeh Haya , Canbek Mediha , Ekenel Emilia Qomi , Gunes Sibel , Büyükköroğlu Gülay , Semerci Sevimli Tugba , Cemrek Fatih , Sariboyaci Ayla Eker
Published: October 2023

Background:

Cartilage injuries are currently the most prevalent joint
disease. Previous studies have emphasized the use of stem cells as the effective
treatment for regenerating cartilage damage.

Objective:

In this study, considering the difficulties of the cellular therapy method, it
was hypothesized that human synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hSFMSC)
exosomes as a SC source could be used to treat these injuries as a safer and
cell-free therapeutic alternative procedure due to its direct relevance to cartilage
regeneration. Moreover, this study aimed to determine the miRNA and target genes
required for the formation of SC treatment combined with gene therapy in order to
reveal the mechanism of cartilage regeneration and increase its effectiveness.

Methods:

MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry, and immunocytochemical and
differentiation analyses were done. To characterize functionally isolated exosomes, in
vitro uptake analysis was performed. RT-qPCR was used to examine in terms of the
advantages of cellular and cell-free therapy, mature human chondroblasts derived by
differentiation from hSF-MSCs and human chondrocyte profiles were compared in
order to demonstrate the above profile of hSF-MSCs and exosomes isolated from
them, and the effectiveness of SC therapy in repairing cartilage damage.

Results:

According to our findings, the expression level of hsa-miR-155-5p was found
to be considerably higher in chondrocytes differentiated from human synovial fluid
MSCs than in mature human chondrocytes. These findings were also supported by the
TGF-signalling pathway and chondrogenesis marker genes.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that hSF-MSCs and exosomes can be used in the
treatment of cartilage damage, and hsa-miR-155-5p can be used as a target miRNA in
a new gene therapy approach because it increases the therapeutic effect on cartilage
damage.
Liquisolid Technique: A Novel Technique with Remarkable Applications
in Pharmaceutics
Authors: Singh Sahibpreet , Singh Jyoti , Arora Disha
Published: October 2023

Recently, it has been observed that newly developed drugs are lipophilic and have low
aqueous solubility issues, which results in a lower dissolution rate and bioavailability of the drugs.
To overcome these issues, the liquisolid technique, an innovative and advanced approach, comes
into play. This technique involves the conversion of the drug into liquid form by dissolving it in
non-volatile solvent and then converting the liquid medication into dry, free-flowing, and compressible
form by the addition of carrier and coating material. It offers advantages like low cost of production,
easy method of preparation, and compactable with thermo labile and hygroscopic drugs. It
has been widely applied for BCS II drugs to enhance dissolution profile. Improving bioavailability,
providing sustained release, minimizing pH influence on drug dissolution, and improving drug photostability
are some of the other promising applications of this technology. This review article presents
an overview of the liquisolid technique and its applications in formulation development.
Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in Organic Synthesis: A Septennial Review
Authors: Varala Ravi , Seema Vittal , Alam Mohammed Mujahid , Dubasi Narsimhaswamy , Vummadi Rama Devi
Published: October 2023

This study reviews the oxidative applications of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in organic
synthesis, focusing on C-H functionalization, hetero-hetero bond formations, ring cleavage reactions,
dehydrogenation, heterocyclic ring formations, and some miscellaneous reactions in a comprehensive
and critical way. It compiles the literature starting from mid-2015 to date.
Periplaneta Americana Extract CII-3 (PAE CII-3) Triggers the Aging of K562 Cells by Modulating SIRT1/TSC2/mTOR Molecules
Authors: Tang Ziyun , Wang Xuan , He Si-Yue , Zhou Yue , Zhang Chenggui , Liu Heng , Bi Ziying , Li Minrui
Published: October 2023

Background:

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is considered a type of hematopoietic
stem cell disease that affects the bone marrow and blood.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the possible role of the Periplaneta americana extract
CII-3 (PAE CII-3) in the aging of K562 cells.

Materials and Methods:

The proliferation and cell cycle of K562 cells were determined using the
CCK-8 assay and the cell cycle assay, respectively. K562 cells were stained with SA-β-Gal to evaluate cell aging. The mitochondrial membrane potential of K562 cells was detected with the JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit. Telomerase activity was verified using the PCR assay. The
transcription of silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), TSC2, and the mTOR
gene were evaluated with RT-PCR assay. The expression of SIRT1, p-TSC2, and p-mTOR was examined using a Western blot assay.

Results:

PAE CII-3 at all concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 µg/mL) demonstrated obvious inhibitory effects on K562 cell proliferation, among which 80 µg/mL showed the highest inhibitory effect.
PAE CII-3 significantly blocked the cell cycle and reduced the colony-forming unit (CFU) of K562
cells compared to those in the Control group (p < 0.001). PAE CII-3 markedly increased positive
SA-β-Gal staining K562 cells compared to the Control group (p < 0.001). PAE CII-3 significantly
reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased TERT gene transcription in K562 cells
compared to those of the Control group (p < 0.001). The transcription of the SIRT1 gene (p < 0.01)
and the TCS2 gene (p < 0.001) was markedly decreased, and the transcription of the mTOR gene (p < 0.05) was significantly increased in K562 cells treated with PAE CII-3 compared to those of the
Control group. PAE CII-3 significantly decreased the expression of SIRT1 (p < 0.01) and p-TSC2 (p < 0.001) and upregulated the expression of p-mTOR (p < 0.01) in K562 cells compared to those of
the Control group.

Conclusion:

PAE CII-3 treatment could trigger aging in K562 cells by activating the
SIRT1/TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway. This study would provide a potential hypothesis of the
mechanism by which PAE CII-3 treatment induces the aging of chronic myeloid leukemia cells.
Upregulation of M6A Reader HNRNPA2B1 Associated with Poor Prognosis
and Tumor Progression in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Shengwei
Published: October 2023

Background:

Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, and lung
adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for a substantial proportion of all cases. N6-methyladenosine
(m6A) is the most frequent post-transcriptional modification in mRNAs that also plays a role in
cancer development. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) is a
reader of m6A modification, which can affect tumor invasion, migration, and proliferation.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic factors of LUAD based on
m6A through bioinformatics analysis.

Materials and Methods:

The expression levels and prognostic significance of HNRNPA2B1 in
LUAD were analyzed on the basis of data extracted from the UALCAN, GEPIA, NCBI-GEO,
Human Protein Atlas, STRING, miRDB, TargetScan, PROMO, Starbase, UCSC Xena browser,
TIMER, and TISIDB databases. HNRNPA2B1 protein and mRNA levels in several LUAD cell
lines were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. CCK8, wound-healing and transwell assays
were performed to evaluate the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of LUAD cells.

Results:

HNRNPA2B1 mRNA was found to be significantly overexpressed in LUAD tissues,
and its high levels correlated with poor OS and DFS. The genes co-expressed with HNRNPA2B1
were related to mRNA production, cell cycle, and histone binding. To determine the
mechanistic basis of HNRNPA2B1 in LUAD, we next predicted the microRNAs and transcription
factors that were directly associated with HNRNPA2B1, as well as copy number changes.
In addition, it was found that HNRNPA2B1 expression was significantly related to CD4+ T
cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, immunomodulators, and chemokines. Besides, knocking down
HNRNPA2B1 in the LUAD cells led to a significant reduction in their proliferation, invasion,
and migration rates in vitro.

Conclusion:

Elevated HNRNPA2B1 is a risk factor in LUAD and portends a poor prognosis.
QLDTI: A Novel Reinforcement Learning-based Prediction Model for
Drug-Target Interaction
Authors: Gao Jie , Fu Qiming , Sun Jiacheng , Wang Yunzhe , Xia Youbing , Lu You , Wu Hongjie , Chen Jianping
Published: October 2023

Background:

Predicting drug-target interaction (DTI) plays a crucial role in drug research
and development. More and more researchers pay attention to the problem of developing more powerful
prediction methods. Traditional DTI prediction methods are basically realized by biochemical experiments,
which are time-consuming, risky, and costly. Nowadays, DTI prediction is often solved by
using a single information source and a single model, or by combining some models, but the prediction
results are still not accurate enough.

Objective:

The study aimed to utilize existing data and machine learning models to integrate heterogeneous
data sources and different models, further improving the accuracy of DTI prediction.

Methods:

This paper has proposed a novel prediction method based on reinforcement learning, called
QLDTI (predicting drug-target interaction based on Q-learning), which can be mainly divided into
two parts: data fusion and model fusion. Firstly, it fuses the drug and target similarity matrices calculated
by different calculation methods through Q-learning. Secondly, the new similarity matrices are
inputted into five models, NRLMF, CMF, BLM-NII, NetLapRLS, and WNN-GIP, for further training.
Then, all sub-model weights are continuously optimized again by Q-learning, which can be used
to linearly weight all sub-model prediction results to output the final prediction result.

Results:

QLDTI achieved AUC accuracy of 99.04%, 99.12%, 98.28%, and 98.35% on E, NR, IC, and
GPCR datasets, respectively. Compared to the existing five models NRLMF, CMF, BLM-NII,
NetLapRLS, and WNN-GIP, the QLDTI method has achieved better results on four benchmark datasets
of E, NR, IC, and GPCR.

Conclusion:

Data fusion and model fusion have been proven effective for DTI prediction, further improving
the prediction accuracy of DTI.
A Comprehensive Review on Recent Advances and Patents of Niosomes
Authors: Verma Sushma , Saharawat Sakshi
Published: October 2023

Niosomes are novel, self-assembled vesicular carriers that deliver both lipophilic and
hydrophilic drugs at the specific site in a targeted way, enhancing bioavailability and extending therapeutic
effects. Niosomes are a versatile drug delivery system with a diverse range of applications
from gene to brain-targeted delivery and they are more attractive choices than liposomes as they are
efficient at biodegrading. Niosome offers several advantages over conventional drug delivery systems,
including enhanced stability, and also have gained a lot of focus in natural product delivery in
recent years. This review provides a comprehensive view of niosomal research and recent advancements,
including classification and fabrication methods, and their role in drug delivery and targeting.
The description of the rise in niosomal formulation patents around the world is also elaborated along
with the natural product delivery of niosomes which has recently gained significance. Patents on novel
preparation, loading, and modification techniques have enhanced the importance of niosome in the
pharmaceutical industry.
Latest Patents for Endoscopic Cleaning, Disinfection Devices, and Lavage Fluid Collection and Filtration Devices
Authors: Bao Yudong , Dai Qiangqiang , Qu Shengqian , Li Xu
Published: October 2023

Background:

With ageing, the population, and the increasing number of people with
compromised immunity, environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe. Infants and
older people are greatly affected by respiratory airway blockages, such as phlegm accumulation
leading to poor breathing or foreign bodies entering the body, thereby, increasingly complicating
respiratory infectious diseases, and raising the demand for endoscopes. The endoscope can observe the pathological conditions and morphological changes of human diseased tissues and carry
out corresponding ‘dredging". Endoscope lavage is an essential medical means to improve dyspnea and extract foreign bodies, so it has been widely used in medicine.

Objective:

To review the research status of the endoscope by combining the latest developments
and technologies of endoscope cleaning and disinfection systems, lavage collection, and filtration
systems in recent years (from 2015 to now) to achieve the purpose of continuous improvement
and optimization of the endoscope

Methods:

By analyzing the patent features of the endoscope in the cleaning and disinfecting system and the irrigation fluid collection and filtration system, it shows that there is a greater risk of
hospital cross-infection when the endoscope uses to make a diagnosis of a disease before it is applied to the human body and under direct vision, or when biopsy of a lesion is performed to make
a pathological diagnosis, which explains that it is necessary to clean and disinfect the medical endoscope and collect the irrigation fluid beforehand. At the same time, to reduce patients' pain by
performing only one irrigation procedure, it is crucial to filter the irrigation fluid to achieve a
more accurate examination of the irrigation fluid biopsy.

Results:

By comparing the main problems existing in the endoscope, to prospect the development
trend of the endoscope.

Conclusion:

By improving and optimizing the cleaning and disinfection system, the irrigation fluid collection, and the filtration system of the endoscope, the loopholes in the current technology
can be solved and made more practical.
Asciminib - ABL Kinase Inhibitor in the Treatment of Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Chemistry and Pharmacology Perspectives
Authors: Shah Umang , Patel Prachi , Patel Alkesh , Gajjar Dhruvi , Patel Mehul , Solanki Nilay , Patel Swayamprakash , Patel Ashish , Maheshwari Rajesh
Published: October 2023

Asciminib, also known as ACP-196, is the FDA-approved low-molecular ABL kinase
inhibitor. The ABL kinase is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that helps in cell growth and survival
and is a key player in the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia
chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL). The BCR-ABL fusion protein,
which is formed by chromosomal translocation in CML and Ph+ ALL, results in the constitutive
activation of ABL kinase, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. To have a high
binding affinity for the active site of the enzyme, structural biology and computer-aided drug design
(CADD) concepts were applied to the design of asciminib so that it could specifically target
the ABL kinase enzyme. The drug was synthesized and characterized in a laboratory. In its pharmacological
studies, it has shown that asciminib is a potent and selective inhibitor of ABL kinase.
Phase I clinical trials assessed its safety and efficacy, revealing that it is effective against tumors
while causing minimal discomfort to patients. In addition to this, it was able to induce apoptosis
and a cytogenetic response as well as inhibit the proliferation of CML and Ph+ALL cells in patients
with CML. As this trial gave a positive response, phase II and III trials were conducted. In
that sense, asciminib has shown to be highly effective, with response rates of over 90% in patients
with these diseases. The safety and efficacy of asciminib were also evaluated in combination with
other drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs, and the results were
promising. Overall, the discovery and development of asciminib showed that by using the concepts
of pharmacology and CADD, a drug with a 90% positive rate response can be developed with a
high tolerance level and lower side effects.
Co-treatment of Astragaloside IV with Vitamin D in Diabetic Peripheral
Neuropathic Rats: Protective Effects and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Tang Fengyan , Zhao Bo , Zhang Li , Raza Faisal , Zafar Hajra , Zhong Shao , Li Lin , Zhu Wenhua , Fang Lingna , Lu Bing , Shen Liwen , Guo Ping , Yu Nengxing , Li Quanmin
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The potential mechanism underlying the protective effect of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) co-treatment with 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (Vit-D) on
neuropathy in diabetic high-fat rats was investigated

Methods:

The rat diabetic hyperlipidemia (DH) model was established via streptozotocin and a high-fat diet (HFD). After co-treatment (of AS-IV and Vit-D
at respective doses of 50 mg/kg via oral gavage and 30000 IU/kg via intramuscular injection), blood glucose levels, markers of inflammation and
oxidative stress, as well as apoptosis and histopathology were evaluated with appropriate techniques.

Results:

Co-treatment could effectively reduce blood glucose levels substantially (p< 0.01), improve weight loss, and decrease oral glucose tolerance.
Reduced respective sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities in rats were substantially improved (p<0.01) after co-treatment. Also, we
observed obvious improvement in DH-induced injured nerve fiber myelin structure and other organ pathologies in co-treated rats. Besides, we
observed up-regulated expressions of peroxisomal-proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and Vit-D receptors (VDR) (p< 0.01) through
the western blotting technique. Using the same technique, we also discovered reduced levels of interleukin (IL)1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis
factor-alpha, coupled with increased IL-10 and superoxide dismutase levels (p< 0.01). Importantly, co-treatment could effectively exert antioxidative
and anti-inflammatory effects. Also, co-treatment resulted in the up-regulation of PPAR-α and VDR expressions, inhibition of the
renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and promotion of β-cell sensitivity to insulin.

Conclusion:

The combined application of AS-IV and Vit-D exhibited health effects such as anti-oxidation, regulation of inflammatory factors, and promotion of
cell repair, which may be considered as the mechanisms underlying treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and improvement in biochemical
indicators.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Stem Cells and a Novel Eight-Gene
Metabolism-Related Risk Signature in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Pang Lu , Hou Yanfeng , Wang Xin , Du Jialin , Huang Haiming , Yang Mingyu , Wang Sisi , An Chongwen , Meng Tao , Li Haixia
Published: October 2023

Background::

Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common urological
tumors worldwide and metabolic reprogramming is its distinguishing feature. A systematic
study on the role of the metabolism-related genes in ccRCC cancer stem cells (CSCs) is
still lacking. Moreover, an effective metabolism-related prediction signature is urgently needed
to assess the prognosis of ccRCC patients.

Methods::

Gene expression profiles of GSE48550 and GSE84546 were analyzed for the role of
metabolism-related gene in ccRCC-CSCs. The GSE22541 dataset were used to construct and
validate an effective metabolism-related prediction signature to assess the prognosis of ccRCC
patients.

Results::

For glycolytic metabolism, we found that HKDC1, PFKM and LDHB were significantly
upregulated in ccRCC-CSCs in GSE84546. For TCA cycle, ACO1, SDHA and MDH1
were significantly downregulated in ccRCC-CSCs in both GSE48550 and GSE84546. For fatty
acid metabolism, CPT1A and ACACB were significantly upregulated in ccRCC-CSCs in
GSE84546. It is worth noting that SCD was significantly downregulated in both GSE48550 and
GSE84546. For glutamine metabolism, SLC1A5, GLS and GOT1 were significantly upregulated
in GSE84546. An eight-gene CSCs metabolism-related risk signature including HKDC1,
PFKM, LDHB, IDH1, OGDH, SDHA, GLS and GLUL were constructed to predict the overall
survival (OS) of ccRCC patients. Patients could be separated into two groups, and the patients
with lower risk scores had longer survival time.

Conclusion::

Our study indicated that metabolic reprogramming, including glycolytic metabolism,
TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism and glutamine metabolism, is more obvious in CD105+
renal cells (GSE84546) than CD133+ renal cells (GSE48550). An eight-gene metabolismrelated
risk signature including HKDC1, PFKM, LDHB, IDH1, OGDH, SDHA, GLS and GLUL
can effectively predict OS in ccRCC.
MicroRNA Expression Profile in Early-Stage Breast Cancers
Authors: Patel Krishna , Rao Deva Magendhra , Sundersingh Shirley , Velusami Sridevi , Rajkumar Thangarajan , Nair Bipin , Pandey Akhilesh , Chatterjee Aditi , Mani Samson , Gowda Harsha
Published: October 2023

Background::

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Early diagnosis offers the best hope for a cure. Ductal carcinoma in situ is considered a precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. In this study, we carried out microRNA sequencing from 7 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 6 infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC Stage IIA) with paired normal, and 5 unpaired normal breast tissue samples. We identified 76 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in DCIS and IDC.

Methods::

Additionally, we provide preliminary evidence of miR-365b-3p and miR-7-1-3p being overexpressed, and miR-6507-5p, miR-487b-3p, and miR-654-3p being downregulated in DCIS relative to normal breast tissue. We also identified a miRNA miR-766-3p that was overexpressed in early-stage IDCs. The overexpression of miR-301a-3p in DCIS and IDC was confirmed in 32 independent breast cancer tissue samples.

Results::

Higher expression of miR-301a-3p is associated with poor overall survival in The Can-cer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA) dataset, indicating that it may be associated with DCIS at high risk of progressing to IDC and warrants deeper investigation.

Conclusion::

We also analyzed competing endogenous networks associated with differentially expressed miRNAs and identified LRRC75A-AS1 and MAGI2-AS3 as lncRNAs that potentially play an important role in early-stage breast cancers.
Fault Identification Method of Transformer Winding based on Gramian
Angular Difference Field and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yang Shihao , Li Zhenhua , Yang Xinqiang , Wu Hairong
Published: October 2023

Background::

As the frequency of transformer winding faults becomes higher and
higher, the frequency response analysis used to detect the winding status has attracted more and
more attention. At present, there is still a lack of reliable and intelligent technologies for detecting
the state of transformer windings in this field.

Objective::

This paper focuses on studying a high-precision method for transformer fault diagnosis,
which can be easily and effectively applied to daily life.

Methods::

By changing the detection method, the traditional detection method can not distinguish
the problem that the detection data are highly overlapping when identifying the same
fault of the head and tail symmetric points, and the problem that the phase is too similar is
changed. In order to solve the problem that the fault samples of transformer frequency response
curve are scarce and the one-dimensional data cannot be read by partial deep learning
method, the one-dimensional data of frequency response curve is first converted into characteristic
index and then into a three-dimensional image by moving window calculation method
and Gramian Angular difference field transformation. The fault classification is realized by a
convolutional neural network.

Results::

The accuracy of the final model for slice classification reached 100%.

Conclusion::

Illustrative examples show that the method is distinguishable from different fault
types. The traditional method only uses the amplitude of the frequency response curve, but this
method displays the two features of the amplitude-phase together in the image. Compared with
the traditional method, more features and samples are added to further improve the accuracy of
the method. The accuracy of diagnosis results reached 100%, which showed the feasibility of
the method.
Evaluating the Effects of Rewards and Schedule Length on Response Rates to Ecological Momentary Assessment Surveys: Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Edney Sarah , Goh Claire Marie , Chua Xin Hui , Low Alicia , Chia Janelle , S Koek Daphne , Cheong Karen , van Dam Rob , Tan Chuen Seng , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) are short, repeated surveys designed to collect information on experiences in real-time, real-life contexts. Embedding periodic bursts of EMAs within cohort studies enables the study of experiences on multiple timescales and could greatly enhance the accuracy of self-reported information. However, the burden on participants may be high and should be minimized to optimize EMA response rates.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the effects of study design features on EMA response rates.

METHODS

Embedded within an ongoing cohort study (Health@NUS), 3 bursts of EMAs were implemented over a 7-month period (April to October 2021). The response rate (percentage of completed EMA surveys from all sent EMA surveys; 30-42 individual EMA surveys sent/burst) for each burst was examined. Following a low response rate in burst 1, changes were made to the subsequent implementation strategy (SMS text message announcements instead of emails). In addition, 2 consecutive randomized controlled trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 4 different reward structures (with fixed and bonus components) and 2 different schedule lengths (7 or 14 d) on changes to the EMA response rate. Analyses were conducted from 2021 to 2022 using ANOVA and analysis of covariance to examine group differences and mixed models to assess changes across all 3 bursts.

RESULTS

Participants (N=384) were university students (n=232, 60.4% female; mean age 23, SD 1.3 y) in Singapore. Changing the reward structure did not significantly change the response rate (F3,380=1.75; P=.16). Changing the schedule length did significantly change the response rate (F1,382=6.23; P=.01); the response rate was higher for the longer schedule (14 d; mean 48.34%, SD 33.17%) than the shorter schedule (7 d; mean 38.52%, SD 33.44%). The average response rate was higher in burst 2 and burst 3 (mean 50.56, SD 33.61 and mean 48.34, SD 33.17, respectively) than in burst 1 (mean 25.78, SD 30.12), and the difference was statistically significant (F2,766=93.83; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Small changes to the implementation strategy (SMS text messages instead of emails) may have contributed to increasing the response rate over time. Changing the available rewards did not lead to a significant difference in the response rate, whereas changing the schedule length did lead to a significant difference in the response rate. Our study provides novel insights on how to implement EMA surveys in ongoing cohort studies. This knowledge is essential for conducting high-quality studies using EMA surveys.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05154227; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05154227
Experimentally Induced Reductions in Alcohol Consumption and Brain, Cognitive, and Clinical Outcomes in Older Persons With and Those Without HIV Infection (30-Day Challenge Study): Protocol for a Nonrandomized Clinical Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Cook Robert L , Richards Veronica L , Gullett Joseph M , Lerner Brenda D G , Zhou Zhi , Porges Eric C , Wang Yan , Kahler Christopher W , Barnett Nancy P , Li Zhigang , Pallikkuth Suresh , Thomas Emmanuel , Rodriguez Allan , Bryant Kendall J , Ghare Smita , Barve Shirish , Govind Varan , Dévieux Jessy G , Cohen Ronald A ,   The 30-Day Challenge Research Team
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Both alcohol consumption and HIV infection are associated with worse brain, cognitive, and clinical outcomes in older adults. However, the extent to which brain and cognitive dysfunction is reversible with reduction or cessation of drinking is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The 30-Day Challenge study was designed to determine whether reduction or cessation of drinking would be associated with improvements in cognition, reduction of systemic and brain inflammation, and improvement in HIV-related outcomes in adults with heavy drinking.

METHODS

The study design was a mechanistic experimental trial, in which all participants received an alcohol reduction intervention followed by repeated assessments of behavioral and clinical outcomes. Persons were eligible if they were 45 years of age or older, had weekly alcohol consumption of 21 or more drinks (men) or 14 or more drinks (women), and were not at high risk of alcohol withdrawal. After a baseline assessment, participants received an intervention consisting of contingency management (money for nondrinking days) for at least 30 days followed by a brief motivational interview. After this, participants could either resume drinking or not. Study questionnaires, neurocognitive assessments, neuroimaging, and blood, urine, and stool samples were collected at baseline, 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year after enrollment.

RESULTS

We enrolled 57 persons with heavy drinking who initiated the contingency management protocol (mean age 56 years, SD 4.6 years; 63%, n=36 male, 77%, n=44 Black, and 58%, n=33 people with HIV) of whom 50 completed 30-day follow-up and 43 the 90-day follow-up. The planned study procedures were interrupted and modified due to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This was the first study seeking to assess changes in brain (neuroimaging) and cognition after alcohol intervention in nontreatment-seeking people with HIV together with people without HIV as controls. Study design strengths, limitations, and lessons for future study design considerations are discussed. Planned analyses are in progress, after which deidentified study data will be available for sharing.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03353701; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03353701

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/53684
Completeness of Telehealth Interventions Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials for Caregivers of People With Dementia: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Ling , Xing Yurong , Xu Wenhui , Jia Hongfei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Liu Shiqing , Ding Yaping
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Telehealth interventions can effectively support caregivers of people with dementia by providing care and improving their health outcomes. However, to successfully translate research into clinical practice, the content and details of the interventions must be sufficiently reported in published papers.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the completeness of a telehealth intervention reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted for caregivers of people with dementia.

METHODS

A systematic search of relevant papers was conducted on July 26, 2023, in 9 electronic databases. RCTs of telehealth interventions for caregivers of people with dementia were included. Two independent researchers extracted the descriptive information and assessed the methodological quality (Cochrane risk of bias tool) and the completeness of reporting of the intervention by using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR)-Telehealth checklist, which consists of 12 items.

RESULTS

Thirty-eight eligible RCTs were included finally, and the overall quality of the studies was assessed as moderate. None of the studies completely reported all the TIDieR-Telehealth items. The most frequently reported items were the brief trial name (35/38, 92%), rationale (38/38, 100%), materials and procedures (35/38, 92%), and the modes of delivery (34/38, 90%). The least reported items were the type of location (0/38, 0%), modifications (4/38, 11%), and assessment and improvement of fidelity (9/38, 24%).

CONCLUSIONS

Many details of the telehealth interventions in RCTs are reported incompletely. Greater adherence to the TIDieR-Telehealth checklist is essential for improving the reporting quality and for facilitating replicability, which has substantial implications for translation into clinical practice.
Ancient China’s Political Culture in the Classics —On the Base of “Three Appeals” in Western Classical Rhetoric
Authors: Li Xin
Published: October 2023

“Zouyi” is a kind of official document written by court officials and submitted to the emperor in ancient China, which serves the purpose of persuading. Aristotle’s “three appeals”, which consist of ethos, pathos and logos, perform the rhetorical function of persuading. Based on this, some correlation between China’s classics and Western classic thought comes into view. This paper selects three representative Zouyi: “qian chu shi biao”, “zhi an ce” and “jian Tai Zong Shi si shu” and gives primary attention to analyzing the “three appeals” presented in the selected discourses. This analysis will gain a glimpse into the rich political and cultural codes hidden within ancient China’s memorials, the relationship between the emperor and his ministers/officials, and the deep patriotism of the ministers in ancient China.
Explorando la relevancia de la enseñanza secundaria en condiciones de pobreza
Authors: Muñoz Izquierdo Carlos , Solórzano Gómez Cristian
Published: October 2023

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en identificar las habilidades académicas que se relacionan con distintos aspectos de la trayectoria educativa y ocupacional de 494 adolescentes, procedentes de 14 telesecundarias ubicadas en una zona caracterizada por sus bajos índices de desarrollo humano. Se encontró principalmente: 1) que las habilidades para resolver problemas geométricos y para comprender la lectura se relacionan con la probabilidad de que los sujetos ingresen a la enseñanza media y permanezcan en su localidad de origen; 2) que las habilidades analizadas explican débilmente la probabilidad de desempeñar ocupaciones remuneradas, y 3) que esas habilidades explican las aspiraciones educativas y ocupacionales de las jóvenes de origen indígena, pero no la situación migratoria y ocupacional de las mismas.
CAPITALISMO DE VIGILÂNCIA E A LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS NA ERA DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Cereser da Rosa Milena , Graciele Nielsson Joice
Published: October 2023

O artigo busca compreender o termo “capitalismo de vigilância” referido pela autora norte-americana Shoshana Zuboff em suas pesquisas e analisar a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) como regulamento limitador (ou não) ao acesso pelas grandes empresas aos dados sensíveis dos titulares. O problema que orienta a pesquisa pode ser sintetizado na seguinte pergunta: Em que medida a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados pode ser utilizada como instrumento limitador para combater o capitalismo de vigilância no Brasil? Com base nos dados levantados a partir de um conjunto de pesquisas realizadas sobre o tema podemos verificar que a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) é uma normativa baseada nas regulações europeias e que constituiu, no Brasil, um marco normativo referente aos dados digitais. Nesse aspecto, é possível afirmar que a LGPD brasileira é um instrumento que garante a defesa dos direitos privados e fundamentais dos dados digitais dos usuários, porém, ainda não é um instrumento eficaz e limitador para combater o capitalismo de vigilância no Brasil. O objetivo geral do texto consiste em analisar a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) a partir da compreensão do termo “capitalismo de vigilância”. Os objetivos específicos do texto, que se refletem na sua estrutura em duas seções, são: a) compreender o termo “capitalismo de vigilância” e sua dinâmica de aplicabilidade; b) analisar a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) como marco normativo brasileiro referente a proteção de dados digitais. O método de pesquisa empregado foi o hipotético-dedutivo.
DETERMINISMOS DO MITO RATZELIANO E DO ANTI-IMPERIALISMO DIOPIANO
Authors: Resende Gustavo Sousa
Published: October 2023

Seleção natural de Charles Darwin, teorias de Lamarck, corrida imperialista europeia para partilhar e conquistar a África, colonialismo e a ascensão de ideologias de superioridade racial e étnica: é nesse contexto que se encontra o mundo durante o século XIX e início do século XX. Neste sentido, a geografia não fica de fora do desejo de se estabelecer como uma ciência útil, ao elaborar leis gerais e funcionando como um instrumento do Estado-nação. Ademais, o uso simplificado e até errôneo dos conceitos e teorias de Ratzel o condenaram a ser visto como determinista, tendo seus trabalhos utilizados como estratégia em meio a uma Europa conflituosa, em um contexto de rivalidade histórico epistemológica entre França e Alemanha, o que fez ascender e firmar o mito da geografia Determinista Ratzeliana. Seguindo uma linha contrária, Cheick Anta Diop surgiu como uma alternativa determinista que quebra com o caráter imperialista do Determinismo europeu. O presente artigo tem por objetivo comparar dois Determinismos, o mito determinista de Friedrich Ratzel e o determinismo de Cheick Anta Diop, construídos em contextos históricos similares. Deste modo, o seguinte artigo parte de uma análise bibliográfica de textos originais de Ratzel e seus comentadores, além de leituras dos textos de Diop e seus releitores. Esse artigo converge, portanto, com a importante discussão contemporânea sobre a decolonialidade do saber, isto é, revisitando e trazendo à luz autores que buscam lutar contra a colonialidade e levantar uma autonomia do saber para os países colônias, fomentando a construção de um conhecimento não europeu, que exalte os povos africanos e latino americanos como construtores de saber. Por conseguinte, o seguinte trabalho conseguiu estabelecer correlações entre pontos convergentes e divergentes entre os dois autores que se assemelham muito na explicação da diversidade étnico-racial do mundo: a geografia.
Influencia de un escáner de mesa, usado para digitalizar, en la determinación de dosis por película radiocrómica
Authors: Vargas-Segura Walter , Cordero Ramírez Anthony , Mora-Fallas Alexander
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La precisión en la determinación de la dosis utilizando películas radiocrómicas como dosímetro, se encuentra influenciada por: la capacidad del equipo emisor de radiación ionizante al dar la dosis deseada, la respuesta de la película al ser expuesta a la radiación y a la capacidad del escáner para digitalizar las películas y transformarlas en valores de intensidad. Este trabajo se enfoca en este último aspecto. Objetivo: Establecer una metodología para la evaluación de la variabilidad de la dosis debido a la repetibilidad de escaneos y a la posición de la película en el área de escaneo, en condiciones de calibración de las películas radiocrómicas para tres resoluciones distintas. Métodos: Irradiamos piezas de películas radiocrómicas EBT3 a 11 valores diferentes de dosis, las cuales escaneamos a tres resoluciones diferentes, creando una curva de calibración para cada resolución. Estas curvas se utilizan para determinar las variaciones en la dosis debido a la posición de la película en el área de escaneo y a la repetibilidad de escaneo; lo anterior, a partir de cinco valores de dosis medidos por película, para cada una de las nueve imágenes tomadas por resolución, siendo en total 27 imágenes. Resultados: Para las tres resoluciones estudiadas, determinamos: las curvas de calibración, incertidumbres por debajo del 1% debido a la variación de la posición de la película en el área de escaneo e incertidumbre por debajo del 2% para el caso de repetibilidad de escaneos. Conclusión: Los valores obtenidos de las fuentes de incertidumbre no fueron despreciables: deben incluirse en el presupuesto total de incertidumbre de la medición. Al usar valores de dosi,s y no intensidad o densidad óptica, se elimina la dependencia de la resolución.
O impacto de serviços farmacêuticos na cessação do tabagismo: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ferreira Sabrina Gonçalves , Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga do , Rezende Cristiane de Paula
Published: October 2023

O tabagismo é fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças e a maior causa evitável de adoecimento e morte precoce no mundo. Logo, é menos oneroso cessar o tabagismo que tratar as doenças tabaco-relacionadas e os serviços farmacêuticos podem auxiliar nisso. O objetivo desta revisão foi reunir estudos que descreviam os serviços farmacêuticos providos para a cessação do tabagismo, bem como os impactos clínicos advindos dele. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Pubmed e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores referentes à cessação do tabagismo e aos serviços farmacêuticos. Dentre os 342 artigos recuperados, 21 foram incluídos nesta revisão. Três tipos de serviços farmacêuticos foram identificados: gestão da condição de saúde (n=7), educação em saúde (n=13) e acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico (n=1). Grande parte dos serviços foi ofertada na farmácia comunitária e envolveram abordagem comportamental e breve. Abordagens em grupo se mostraram mais efetivas que abordagens individuais. Todos os estudos avaliaram a cessação autorrelatada e um deles avaliou o impacto na qualidade de vida, que foi positivo. Os medicamentos auxiliares na cessação providos nos serviços (nicotina, bupropiona e vareniclina) foram consistentes com a literatura, sendo a nicotina prescrita pelo farmacêutico em um dos serviços. As evidências demonstram que os serviços farmacêuticos para a cessação do tabagismo têm grande potencial para promoção da saúde. Portanto, políticas públicas que promovam capacitação de farmacêuticos para desenvolver atividades voltadas à cessação do tabagismo nos serviços de saúde devem ser consideradas pelos gestores.
Comportamento de pais/responsáveis em relação à vacinação infantil em uma estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Dias Ernandes Gonçalves , Martins Mércia Bianca Pereira , Souza Wyara Simeia dos Santos , Campos Lyliane Martins , Caldeira Maiza Barbosa
Published: October 2023

Objetivou-se investigar o comportamento de pais/responsáveis em relação à vacinação infantil em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município do norte de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo realizado com 17 pais/responsáveis. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto e setembro de 2022 por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, analisada mediante Análise Temática. Os resultados demonstram que os pais/responsáveis são conscientes em relação à importância da vacinação infantil e atribuem ao ato de vacinar a proteção contra doenças, além de ser um direito da criança. Processos de trabalhos desencadeados pelas equipes promovem a conscientização dos pais para manter a caderneta de vacinas atualizada, no entanto, a coincidência do horário de trabalho dos pais/responsáveis e da realização de ações educativas realizadas pela equipe de saúde limitam o acesso do público a informações sobre a vacinação infantil, em contrapartida o trabalho informativo realizado pelos Agentes Comunitário de Saúde, somado ao acesso à internet e a cultura de vacinação estabelecida promovem a sensibilização para a vacinação infantil. Conclui-se ser necessário a adequação da oferta dos serviços relacionados à vacinação infantil à realidade dos pais/responsáveis, com a ampliação da oferta de ações educativas e de vacinação para ampliar o acesso à imunização.
Non-ICT Students’ Familiarity with Basic Computer Concepts at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Novi Sad
Authors: Gellér Zoltán , Milin Dragana , Jevremov Tanja , Nedeljković Dubravka Valić , Ivanović Mirjana
Published: October 2023

As a continuation of our previous paper, the aim of this research was to determine the level of familiarity of the freshmen at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, with the basic concepts related to computers. The sample included the same 568 respondents as in our first study, and the same two control groups. Familiarity was analysed with 14 questions from the field of computer literacy, both at the level of individual questions and in relation to the total number of correct answers. The results were also analysed in relation to the condition of passing the test from the appropriate European Computer Driving Licence module. No student answered all the questions correctly, which clearly indicates the need to educate students on basic concepts related to computers. The obtained results can be used to better adapt teaching to the students’ needs and their prior knowledge.
Linagliptin induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
Authors: Arevalo-Mojica Cristian , Arboleda-Palacios Daniel , Pérez Héctor
Published: October 2023

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a severe skin reaction,
Usually begins in the first 48 hours after exposure to the culprit drug,
however it can occur a few days after exposure. Its usually associated
to beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, and quinolones, but few cases
have been associated with oral antidiabetic drugs. Herein
Experimental study of horizontal casing deformation with different perforation designs under condition of deep shale gas
Authors: Lin Hun , Xixiang Song , Zhixing Wang , Hailong Liu , Yong Yuan
Published: October 2023

Deep shale gas has the characteristics of deep reservoirs, including
large differences in in-situ stress and complex fracture distribution.
During fracturing operation, deep horizontal casing is more prone to
damage and deformation than medium-shallow casing. In this study,
large-scale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing casing deformation
experiments were carried out using three-dimensional optical imaging and
scanning to extract the casing deformation information, and the effect
of different perforation factors on horizontal casing deformation was
studied. The experimental results show that when a certain threshold
angle is reached between the perforation direction and direction of
maximum horizontal principal stress, shear deformation will occur only
at the perforation along one side of the casing, and the deformation
will be relatively large. Furthermore, when the perforation direction is
parallel to the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress,
shear deformation will occur at the perforations along both sides of the
casing, but the deformation will be relatively small. After reducing the
distance between perforations, the squeezing forces on both sides of the
casing become unbalanced, and the casi­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ng is more likely
to suffer from bending deformation. After reducing the number of
perforations, the casing is subjected to greater shear energy at the
perforations, resulting in an increase in the shear deformation of the
casing. This findings indicate a direction for design and engineering of
more robust horizontal casings, thereby contributing to better risk and
safety management of deep reservoir hydrocarbon extraction.