bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilayer and Multilevel Cosmological Models Based on So-Lutions of the Extended Einstein Field Equations
Authors: Batanov-Gaukhman Mikhail
Published: April 2023

This article proposes the multilayer and multilevel cosmological model, on average, balanced with respect to the Einsteinian vacuum. This hierarchical model is based on 10 possible Kottler solutions of the extended Einstein's field equations. The extension of the Einstein field equations is associated with the addition of an infinite number of lambdaj-terms to these equations with the condition that the series (i.e., the total sum) of these terms converges to zero. A simplified ten-layer and ten-level case is considered, in which ten spherical formations are sequentially nested into each other like "nesting dolls", while the radii of these spherical formations correspond to the characteristic sizes of a discrete sequence of observed spherical objects: metagalaxy core, galactic cores, stellar (planet) core, biological cells and nuclei of atoms and elementary particles, etc. As an example, from the general ten-level (hierarchical) solution of extended Einstein's field equations, two antipodal spherical formations with a core radius commensurate with the classical electron radius are singled out. Therefore, the metric-dynamic models of these formations obtained in this way are called «electron» and «positron». The article is aimed at the development of differential geometry and the program for the complete geometrization of physics by Clifford-Einstein-Wheeler.
Autonomous Drone Electronics Amplified With Pontryagin–Based Optimization
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Sands Timothy
Published: April 2023

In the era of electrification and artificial intelligence, direct current motors are widely utilized with numerous innovative adaptive and learning methods. Traditional methods utilize model-based algebraic techniques with system identification, such as recursive least squares, extended least squares, and autoregressive moving averages. The new method known as deterministic artificial intelligence asserts physical-based process dynamics to achieve target trajectory tracking. There are two common autonomous trajectory generation algorithms: sinusoidal function and Pontryagin's based generation algorithm. This thesis aims to simulate model-following and deterministic artificial intelligence methods using sinusoidal and Pontryagin's methods and compare their performance difference when following challenging step function slew maneuver.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations Suggest Sars-Cov-2 3clpro Mutations in Beta and Omicron Variants do not Alter Binding Affinities for Cleavage Sites of Non-Structural Proteins
Authors: De Freitas Amorim Vitor Martins , Souza Robson Francisco de , Guzzo Cristiane R. , Souza Anacleto Silva de
Published: April 2023

In the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the 3CL or nsp5 protease plays a pivotal role as the most important viral protease required for the maturation of viral proteins during host infection. Herein, we simulated for 500 ns 3CLproWT, 3CLproH41A, , 3CLproBeta, and 3CLproOmicron, in complex with the substrates nsp 4|5 and nsp 5|6. Our results show that mutations in the 3CLpro present in the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concerns (VOCs) did not lead to significant conformational changes or changes in substrate binding affinities. However, significantly high cleavage rates for the boundary between nsp4 and nsp5 were obtained for 3CLproBeta and 3CLproOmicron and may play a key role in the viral replication and virus fitness gain. Our molecular dynamics data suggest that the cleavage rate of nsp4|5 may be related to the increased amount of viral load observed for these VOCs, releasing more nsp4 than other non-structural proteins. Based on our hydrogen bonding analyses, we also discovered that Gly143 and Glu166 are key residues in substrate recognition, suggesting that these residues may be incorporated as pharmacophoric centers for Beta and Omicron variants in drug design. Our results suggest that Gly143 and Glu166 are essential residues to interact with Gln6 of the different substrates and, therefore, are potential broad-spectrum pharmacophoric centers of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.
A Cross sectional Observational Study of Safety and Protective Effects of Maternal Influenza Vaccination on Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in pregnant women from Pune, India
Authors: Shaikh Hanif , Koli Pranesha , Pardeshi Anil , Undale Vaishali , Asalkar Mahesh , Sahatrabuddhe Sushant , Kawade Anand , Upasani Chandrashekhar
Published: April 2023

Background: Maternal influenza vaccination provides effective protection against influenza in-fections in pregnant women and new-borns. In India, the influenza vaccine has not yet been of-fered through immunization programs, owing to the lack of sufficient safety data for Indian pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 558 women ad-mitted to the obstetrics ward of a civic hospital in Pune. Study-related information was obtained from the participants through interviews using structured questionnaires and hospital records. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used and chi-square with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio were estimated to account for vaccine exposure and the temporal nature of each out-come, respectively.
Results: The protective effect of maternal influenza vaccination against delivering very low birth weight infants was observed. (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.03 to 5.58, p=0.03). No association was observed between maternal influenza vaccination for spontaneous abortion (OR 1.42, 95%CI 0.75, 2.68), chorioamnionitis (OR 0.60, 95% CI, 0.1, 3.63), gestational hypertension (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.72, 4.16) and preterm birth (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.91, 2.97). Interpretation: These results show that the in-fluenza vaccine administered during pregnancy is safe and has a lower risk of negative birth outcomes.
On the preparation of data for modeling of the photons and electrons transport
Authors: Zhukovsky Mikhail Evgenievich , Markov Mikhail Borisovich , Podolyako Sergey Victorovich
Published: April 2023

Collisions experienced by photons and electrons with energies of 100 eV - 1 GeV during transport in matter are considered: photoabsorption, Compton and coherent scattering of photons, the formation of electron-positron pairs by them; elastic scattering of electrons, impact ionization, bremsstrahlung and excitation of atoms of the medium. The method is presented for a unified presentation of cross-sectional data in the form of tables of probability distributions, the argument of which is always a random variable uniformly distributed from zero to one. Tables are used by mathematical models of radiation transfer to model the absorption and scattering of photons and electrons.
Conselhos estaduais de educação e políticas de avaliação e regulação da educação superior: Produção de conhecimento em artigos científicos (1999-2022)
Authors: Brandalise Mary Ângela Teixeira , Silva Nadja Fonsêca da , Santana Fabíola de Jesus Soares
Published: April 2023

A produção de conhecimento sobre os Conselhos Estaduais de Educação (CEE) e as políticas de avaliação e regulação em periódicos científicos apresentada neste artigo é oriunda da revisão sistemática de literatura realizada pelo grupo de pesquisadores que integram o Projeto de Pesquisa “Atuação dos Conselhos Estaduais de Educação nas Políticas de Avaliação e Regulação da Educação Superior e suas influências modeladoras nas universidades públicas estaduais”, que faz parte da Rede Universitas/Br. Os CEE, no Brasil, são responsáveis pela normatização da avaliação e da regulação das Instituições de Educação Superior no contexto estadual sob sua jurisdição. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a produção de conhecimento sobre os CEE e as políticas de avaliação e regulação da Educação Superior publicada em periódicos brasileiros no período de 1999 a 2022. A busca das produções foi realizada nas bases de dados seguintes: Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, Google Acadêmico, Educa, DOAJ, SciELO, Educ@/FCC, e a Análise Textual Discursiva foi a metodologia de análise dos dados. Os resultados revelaram: a) a escassez de produções acadêmicas voltadas à atuação dos CEE nas políticas de avaliação e regulação da Educação Superior; b) as trajetórias singulares de cada CEE no atendimento à normatização do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior nos Sistemas Estaduais de Ensino; c) a necessidade de superação de posturas ainda conservadoras presentes na composição, na representatividade e na atuação no âmbito dos CEE; d) a exigência de novos estudos e pesquisas que contribuam para avanços na produção de conhecimento sobre essa temática.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG SORGUM TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA, FISIKA, DAN ORGANOLEPTIK COOKIES DENGAN ALPUKAT SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI LEMAK
Authors: Syifahaque An-Nida , Siswanti Siswanti , Atmaka Windi
Published: April 2023

Cookies are one of the most popular snacks. In order to reduce imports of wheat, an alternative that can be done is replacing wheat flour with sorghum flour, a food that can be produced in Indonesia and have a function close to wheat. Sorghum flour is expected to increase the nutritional and functional value of cookies. To reduce the health risks of saturated fat in cookies, butter is substituted with avocado which contains unsaturated fat and has similar characteristics to butter. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sorghum flour substitution to chemical, physical, and organoleptic characteristic of cookies, and to know the best cookie formulation. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor that is variation in sorghum flour substitution. The formula is using 50% butter : 50% avocado with ratio of wheat flour and sorghum flour 5:0 (w/w); 4:1 (w/w); 3:2 (w/w); 2:3 (w/w); 1:4 (w/w). The data were analyzed using one way Anova and if it showed a significant difference, a further test was carried out with DMRT at α=5%. Cookies with the best and most preferred formula is cookies with ratio of wheat flour:sorghum flour 2:3 (w/w) that have chemical characteristics including water content 11.6%, ash content 2.44%, protein content 5.97%, fat content 13.87%, carbohydrate content 77.60%, total calories 4.38 kcal/g, antioxidant activity 50.24%; physical characteristics including hardness 157.23 N and spread ratio 4.60.
Association of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels at Time of Injury with Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Surgically Treated Hip Fractures
Authors: Page Brian Joseph , Hughes Jessica Lahre , Walsh Jon Martin , Stimson Lauren Nicole , Hammonds Kendall Pye , Brennan Kindyle Losey , Stahl Daniel Lee , Brennan Michael Lee
Published: April 2023

Background:

An elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level has been shown to be associated with mortality and cardiac events in cardiac surgery, but its utility in the prediction of morbidity and mortality in hip fracture surgery is unknown. The primary aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in BNP level at the time of injury between patients who do and do not develop complications after hip fracture surgery. The secondary aim was to determine if there is a predictive relationship between complications associated with the initial BNP level and mortality.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 455 hip fractures in patients ≥60 years old that were operatively treated between February 2014 and July 2018 was performed. Patients were included if they had a BNP level within 48 hours after injury (BNPi). Specific perioperative (≤7 days), 30-day, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative complications were recorded. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to determine if higher BNPi values were associated with greater morbidity. The complications associated with higher BNPi values were further analyzed to assess if they were predictive of mortality, using univariate and multivariable analyses.

Results:

Higher BNPi was significantly associated with greater morbidity at all postoperative time points and with higher mortality at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Furthermore, several complications including cardiac failure or exacerbation and altered mental status were associated with mortality at all time points in univariate analysis and at many time points in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

Patients with higher BNPi levels were more likely to develop complications up to 1 year postoperatively, and several of these complications were associated with increased mortality. Future studies to determine if delaying surgery until BNP levels are normalized or lowered may help guide management, and may be useful in determining the need for further medical optimization. Future studies aimed at defining a threshold BNP value at the time of injury may also help in better managing patients preoperatively.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Risk Factors Associated with Conversion of Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan., Moosa Hira , Kumar Dileep ,   Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan., Naeem Mohammad ,   Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, Rivzi Syed Baquer ,   Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, Bhatti Irtiza Ahmed ,   Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, Jaffer Shabina ,   Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, Qureshi Shamim ,   Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Background: Gallstones disease is one of the major problem of gastro intestinal tract and surgical removal is usually advised. Surgery is usually laparoscopic but if the dissection is tedious, laparoscopic procedure can be converted into open procedure. Objective: This study aims to assess the reasons and risk factors for the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) into open cholecystectomy (OC). Materials and Methods: A prospective assessment of medical records of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at ward-2, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre from January 2019 to December 2021 was undertaken to identify indications of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies converted to open cholecystectomy and assess operative time and length of hospital stay of these patients. Results: A total of 984 elective cholecystectomies were performed in which 85.5% (n=841) were females and 14.5% (n=143) were males. Male to female ratio was 1:5.8 with conversion rate 0.40 % (n=04) and 4.36% (n=43) respectively. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done in 95.22% (n=937) cases while 4.78% (n=47) patients required conversion to open cholecystectomy with major pre-operative risk factors being acute cholecystitis (p<0.001), history of acute cholecystitis (p=0.012), history of acute pancreatitis (p=0.007), history of previous open surgery (p<0.001) and major per-operative risk factors being severe bleeding (p<0.001), dense adhesions (p=0.755), distorted anatomy (p<0.001), visceral damage (p<0.001) and biliary injury(p<0.001). Conclusion: We have identified some important risk factors for the conversion of surgical approach for acute cholecystitis. However, the open approach should be done by experienced surgeons when necessary. The overall impact of the study is to identify the patients who are the risk of conversion into open preoperatively so that proper arrangement and counseling should be done.
Measuring Emotional Intelligence in First Year Medical Students
Authors:   Department of Medical Education, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, UOL, Lahore, Pakistan., Javed Kainat , Nasir Umair Bin ,   Department of Public Health, University Institute of Public Health, UOL, Lahore, Pakistan., Javed Arooj ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, UOL, Lahore, Pakistan.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Background: The term emotional intelligence is being used more often in the medical field and different healthcare-related fields. The evaluation of emotional intelligence is crucial in assessing how well students adjust and perform academically. Neglecting this stage of life can result in psychiatric issues or make them worse, as well as failure in social and academic situations. Objectives: To evaluate first-year medical students' emotional intelligence (EI) and determine how it relates to their social and personal characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 166 first-year medical students and took place at University College of Medicine and Dentistry between September and December 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the ERB committee before the study was conducted. A proforma was used to collect social and demographic information, while an emotional quotient self-assessment checklist was used to assess participants' emotional intelligence, rated on a five-point Likert scale. The collected data was then subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Out of 166 students approached in the first year class, 149 (79 females and 70 males) participated in the study with an average age of 19.12 ± 0.69 years. Results showed that 33.6% of the first-year medical students scored below the 20 cutoff in all emotional intelligence domains. Those who reported making a conscious career choice, getting adequate sleep, and engaging in more social and physical activity than average had higher emotional intelligence scores (p=0.05). Additionally, females had significantly higher emotional intelligence scores compared to males (p=0.02). A positive correlation was observed among the various emotional intelligence domains. Conclusion: Good emotional intelligence comprises the capacity to comprehend and regulate emotions, to be empathic, to be emotionally aware, and so on. These traits enhance general communication abilities, which enhance performance in the medical training.
Some Aspects of Mohist Interpretation of “Heaven”
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Rykov Stanislav Yu.
Published: April 2023

This article examines the question of the ontological status of ‘Heaven’ in Mo­hist teachings (5th–3rd centuries BC). The reconstructions of the Mohist under­standing of ‘Heaven’ (‘Heaven’ as personal deity, as natural force or community of spirits) that have been proposed in modern philosophical sinology are all based in the original source, but logically fit with each other poorly. They are an­alyzed based on the material of Mozi, ch. 4, 26–28 etc. The analysis shows both strong and controversial points of these interpretations (the question of the an­thropomorphism of ‘Heaven’: from the point of view of their philosophical op­ponents, the Mohists undeniably humanize ‘Heaven,’ but from their own point of view, it is more correct to talk about ‘heavenization’ of people; the question of ‘karmic’ nature of ‘Heaven’s actions: the Mohists often describe these actions as reactive and regular, however, the textual material allows one to conclude that they rather think within the framework of ‘legal providentialism’, i.e. when the will of a deity is an ‘administrative’ law, implemented by the ‘apparatus’ of the ‘heavenly’ government of spirits, it is not ontological law; the question of the degree of identity of ‘Heaven’ and other representatives of the spiritual world: the Mohist ‘Heaven’ can have its representatives in the spiritual world, but mostly the name ‘Heaven’ is interchangeable with the name ‘Supreme Sov­ereign’; the question of correctness of understanding ‘Heaven’ as ‘Nature’: de­spite the classical view that ‘Heaven’ in ancient Chinese philosophy is a syn­onym or personification of ‘Nature’, for Mohists this does not seem to be the case, since they do not include ‘man’ in the ‘heavenly’ realm). The conclusion is made that these reconstructions can be reconciled with each other if one accepts the pragmatically oriented nature of Mohist theology. The hypothesis is made that Mohist ‘Heaven’ is a kind of an ‘umbrella term’ that arose from the synec­docheal expansion of the meaning of a location (‘sky’) on the things that/who in­habit it or govern it (and from inside it)
Kang Youwei, Buddhism and Catholicism. Kang Youwei, The Travelogue of Italy, Trans. from Chinese into Russian and Comm. by Dmitry E. Martynov
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Martynov Dmitry E. , Martynova Yulia A. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: April 2023

The article offers an interpretation of the religious worldview of Kang Youwei (1858–1927). The basis of his views was Confucianism, with the ritual model of religiosity inherent in this doctrine; Kang Youwei also studied several areas of Buddhism from a philosophical point of view. In the treatise The Travelogue of Italy (1904), Kang Youwei offered an analysis of contemporary Catholicism from the standpoint of traditional Chinese literature, considered mainly from a political point of view. The Chinese thinker adhered to axiological relativism, from the position of which he perceived as equivalent any doctrines aimed at the self-improvement of the human person and the entire human society, al­though he did not approve of ascetic practices. Kang Youwei himself also claimed to be the founder of the dogma, although he was indifferent to ritual, and his sys­tem had an expressly philosophical pattern. The Kang’s key concept was Tao, which was revealed to the maximum extent to Buddha and Confucius. Kang Youwei considered the teachings of Mohism, Taoism and early Christianity to be approximately equivalent, and he considered the Catholic Church and the Papacy as a cast from the socio-political system of Ancient Rome, which were particular implementations of the Tao in specific cultures and historical settings. Kang Youwei argued that the most important provisions of the teachings of Pythagore­anism, Judaism and early Christianity were of Indian origin, introduced by Bud­dhist preachers after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Clinical Research Nurse predictions of trial failure, recruitment and retention: A case for their early inclusion in trial design
Authors: Shiely Frances , Murphy Danielle
Published: April 2023

Background
Clinical research nurses are a key part of the clinical trial team but typically get involved later in the trial, usually during recruitment. The purpose of our study was to establish if CRNs who read the trial protocol can predict the performance of the trial.
Methods
We randomly selected 18 trial protocols with three statuses, terminated, withdrawn, completed, from clinicaltrials.gov, between 2014 and 2018 inclusive. We gave the protocols to five clinical research nurses, asked them to make a judgement and provide a reason for that judgement (via a 12-item questionnaire) on the status of the trial (terminated, withdrawn or completed), if the trial met its recruitment target, if it recruited on time, if it retained its participants. We also asked if it was likely a CRN was involved in the design of the trial. The CRNs were blinded to the study outcomes, did not receive any training on how to read a protocol and undertook to not use the internet while completing the task.
Results
23 questionnaires on 23 trials protocols (18 different trials) were completed by 5 CRNs. The CRNs correctly predicted the trial status 52% (12/23) of the time, successful/unsuccessful recruitment 74% (17/23) of the time, on-time recruitment 70% (16/23) of the time, participant retention 43% (10/23). CRNs identified 100% (sensitivity) of sites that hit their target and 67% (specificity) of sites that missed their target.
Conclusions
CRNs are a vital part of the clinical trial team and we have made a strong case for engaging them early in the design phase of the trial, potentially offsetting problems of recruitment, retention and trial failure.
Contribution Quality Evaluation of Table Tennis Match by Using TOPSIS-RSR Method-------An Empirical Study
Authors: YIN Huagen , CHEN Xia , XU Jiali , Huang Duo
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to evaluate the contribution quality of table tennis matches comprehensively and explore the ranking characteristics of evaluation results and the rationality of grading. Through the application of the documentation method, videos, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Rank Sum Ratio (RSR), the contribution quality evaluation index system of table tennis matches was established. After then, the technical and tactical performances of 38 matches between Harimoto Tomokazum, the critical table tennis player of the Japanese new generation, and vital worldwide players from 2018 to 2020 were comprehensively evaluated. According to research results, Harimoto had 8 matches with the Ci value > 0.5 in serve rounds, 4 with the Ci value > 0.5 in receive rounds, and 5 with the RSR value > 0.6 in the comprehensive strength. These findings were generally consistent with the final match results. Furthermore, Pearson Correlation showed that the three indicators were significantly correlated with competition performance (CP) (P＜0.01). Each race could be divided into four grades, and there was a very significant difference among them by variance test (F=60.281, P＜0.01). Meanwhile, SNK pairwise comparison between four grades had statistical significance (P＜0.05). Therefore, researchers could conclude that the combination of TOPSIS and RSR could objectively and accurately reflect the contribution quality of table tennis matches. This method could be promoted and applied in the competition performance evaluation of other net games.
Impact of Manual Toothbrush Design on Plaque Removal Efficacy
Authors: Axe Alyson , Mueller Wolf Dieter , Rafferty Helen , Lang Tomas , Gaengler Peter
Published: April 2023

Background: Effective dental plaque removal is essential for oral health. Different toothbrush parameters including head-size, filament-diameter and interdent-height and different brushing movements like horizontal, rotating and vertical may affect plaque removal efficacy. The purpose of the study was to examine plaque removal efficacy of different design parameters of manual toothbrushes.
Methods: Eight manual toothbrushes were tested using a validated robot test to examine efficacy of toothbrush on replicated human teeth. Characteristics tested were: i) head-size, ii) filament-diameter, iii) cutting-height, iv) hardness, v) interdental-height. Each test ran five times in horizontal, rotating, vertical movements. Simulated Plaque removal was evaluated using automated plaque planimetry: 30 fields/tooth, 13 areas representing buccal, lingual, proximal tooth sites. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test was applied to test tooth surface variables for normal distribution of plaque removal values. Parameters were analysed by independent two-sample t-test to assess mean differences. Where null hypothesis of normality was rejected, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U-test was used.
Results: Plaque removal was significantly better with toothbrush having smaller head-size (compact vs. full-size); smaller filament-diameter (0.12 mm vs. 0.15 mm); larger cutting-height (12 mm vs. 9 mm); softer filaments (0.15 mm or 0.18 mm vs. 0.23 mm) and greater interdent-height difference (8.5/11 mm vs. 10/11 mm).
Conclusions: Manual brushes allowing filaments free to flex with longer, softer and/or having a difference in filament length overall removed significantly more simulated plaque as compared to more standard flat trim, stiff brushes with shorter, harder bristles and a larger head size. This indicates that the advances in toothbrush design can further enhance plaque removal, thereby aiding in better oral health.
Orbital perspective on high-harmonic generation from solids
Authors: Jimenez-Galan Alvaro , Bossaer Chandler , Ernotte Guilmot , Parks Andrew , Silva Rui Emanuel Ferreira da , Villeneuve David , Staudte André , Brabec Thomas , Luican-Mayer Adina , Vampa Giulio
Published: April 2023

High-harmonic generation in solids allows probing and controlling electron dynamics in crystals on few femtosecond timescales, paving the way to lightwave electronics. In the spatial domain, recent advances in the real-space interpretation of high-harmonic emission in solids allows imaging the field-free, static, potential of the valence electrons with picometer resolution. The combination of such extreme spatial and temporal resolutions to measure and control strong-field dynamics in solids at the atomic scale is poised to unlock a new frontier of lightwave electronics. Here, we report a strong intensity-dependent anisotropy in the high-harmonic generation from ReS2 that we attribute to angle-dependent interference of currents from the different atoms in the unit cell. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the laser parameters control the relative contribution of these atoms to the high-harmonic emission. Our findings provide an unprecedented atomic perspective on strong-field dynamics in crystals and suggest that crystals with a large number of atoms in the unit cell are not necessarily more efficient harmonic emitters than those with fewer atoms.
Application of real-time tracking system based on cloud computing in logistics supply chain transportation model
Authors: Jianyuan Li , Mingwei Li , Guilin Han
Published: April 2023

Cloud computing technology meets the visual monitoring of logistics supply chain and realizes the whole process control of logistics management. When the location information of logistics vehicles and objects is known, in order to plan the most suitable vehicle scheduling route and realize the optimization objective of logistics transportation, we allocate resources to the goods in the logistics by using genetic algorithm, and calculates the individual fitness through the fitness function, so as to judge the individual's advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, the genetic algorithm model is mainly used to find the optimal solution in the process of data analysis. Also, in order to avoid the increase of operation time caused by too many iterations in the process of operation, this paper also analyzes the data by combining the related theories of quantum computing. The parallelism of the combined algorithm model is improved, the complexity of operation is reduced, and the operation speed can be improved. In order to further improve the accuracy of system identification, this paper also selects the hidden Markov model, predict and correct the data of logistics supply chain, which solves the problems of complicated operation caused by large data volume. After analyzing the basic requirements of logistics transportation, this paper designs a real-time logistics supply chain tracking model based on cloud computing technology, including order management, vehicle scheduling management, sorting management and other modules. After testing, the availability of the system under large operating pressure is determined, and the requirements for basic hardware are low.
Root growth, root senescence and root system architecture in maize under conservative strip tillage system
Authors: Sha Ye , Liu Zheng , Hao Zhanhong , Huang Yiwen , Feng Guozhong , Shao Hui , Chen Fanjun , Mi Guohua
Published: April 2023

Aims
A sound root system architecture (RSA) is important for efficient nutrient and water acquisition. The adaptation of root growth and RSA to the special soil structure under conservative strip tillage (ST) system is largely unknown.
Methods
We describe three-year field experimentation on a meadow black soil in the Northeast China to investigate the RSA and the dynamic root growth of maize under ST by comparison with the conventional tillage (CT).
Results
Grain yield in ST and CT were not significantly different, but their yield components differed. Compared to CT, grain number per ear was reduced by 4.4%, while 1000-grain weight was increased by 6.6% in ST. Root growth in ST plants was inhibited in the vegetative stage, as indicated by the reduced total root length (by 27.7-40.1%) compared to CT. During post-silking stage, however, the total root length was not different between ST and CT plants. Accordingly, the root xylem bleeding rate in ST plants was 70.7%-449.9% greater than CT plants. Because ST practice caused uneven horizontal distribution of soil bulk density, the RSA became steeper in ST plants compared to CT. Moreover, the D95 of ST plant roots was greater, indicating their roots grew deeper.
Conclusions
In conclusion, although root growth is inhibited at vegetative stage, the slow-aging and steep, deep roots in ST plants may contribute to larger grain weight by favoring water and nutrient acquisition during grain filling stage. As a result, grain yield of ST plants is maintained though grain number per ear is reduced.
Transcriptional analysis reveals that the intracellular lipid accumulation impairs gene expression profiles involved in insulin response-associated cardiac functionality
Authors: Dato Virginia Actis , Paz María C. , Rey Federico E. , Sánchez María C. , Llorente-Cortés Vicenta , Chiabrando Gustavo A. , Ceschin Danilo G.
Published: April 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a multisystemic and multicellular pathology that is generally associated with high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins in circulation. These lipoproteins tend to be retained and modified, for example, aggregated low-density lipoprotein (aggLDL), in the extracellular matrix of different tissues, such as the vascular wall and heart. The uptake of aggLDL generates a significant increase in cholesteryl ester (CE) in these tissues. We previously found that the accumulation of CE generates alterations in the insulin response in the heart. Although the insulin response is mainly associated with the uptake and metabolism of glucose, other studies have shown that insulin would fulfill functions in this tissue, such as regulating the calcium cycle and cardiac contractility. Here, we found that aggLDL induced-lipid accumulation altered the gene expression profile involved in processes essential for cardiac functionality, including insulin response and glucose uptake (Insr, Ins1, Pik3ip1, Slc2a4 gene expression), calcium cycle (Cacna1s and Gjc2 gene expression) and calcium-dependent cardiac contractility (Myh3), and cholesterol efflux (Abca1), in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. These observations were recapitulated using an in vivo model of hypercholesterolemic ApoE-KO mice. Altogether, these results may explain the deleterious effect of lipid accumulation in the myocardium, with important implications for lipid-overloaded associated CVD.
Flash entropy search to query all mass spectral libraries in real time
Authors: Fiehn Oliver , Li Yuanyue
Published: April 2023

Public repositories of metabolomics mass spectra encompass more than 1 billion entries. Full dot product or entropy similarity comparisons of a single MS/MS spectrum take more than 8 hours. Flash entropy search speeds up calculations more than 10,000 times to query 1 billion spectra in less than 2 seconds, without loss in accuracy. It benefits from using multiple threads and GPU calculations. This algorithm can fully exploit large spectral libraries with little memory overhead for any mass spectrometry laboratory.
Leukoencephalomacia due to ischemic vascular accident in a Tremarctos ornatus (Spectacled bear)
Authors: Echenique Joanna V.Z. , Piva Manoela M. , Gris Anderson H. , Perosa Fernanda F. , Ribeiro Paula R. , Silva Emanoelly M. S. , Slaviero Mônica , Santos Igor R. dos , Hohendorff Raquel V. , Gomes Caroline W.C. , Sonne Luciana
Published: April 2023

Tremactor ornatus (Spectacled bear) are the only ursids natives of South America and are present in many Zoo collections. Neurologic diseases are not common in this species and brain injuries are linked mainly to viral diseases; however ischemic brain events are not commonly reported. The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical, gross, microscopic, and immunolabeling findings of leukoencephalomacia due to an ischemic vascular accident in a Tremactor ornatus. A captive spectacled bear presented left-sided non-ambulatory hemiparesis, and left-sided hemineglect, but without mentation impair. The animal died spontaneously. Gross findings included asymmetric bilateral friable dusky discoloration areas of malacia, sharply defined in the white matter of the forebrain right hemisphere. Lesions were observed in right parietal and temporal cortex, extending to the thalamus, striate body, and medullary body. Histologically, there was a non-hemorrhagic leukoencephalomacia, with accentuated myelin rarefaction and astrocytes proliferation embedded with Gitter cell infiltrate. Moreover, Luxol Fast Blue highlighted extensive severe myelin loss. The diagnosis was established through the clinical history along with extensive ischemic right hemisphere leukoencephalomacia. Immunohistochemistry was primordial to access repair and inflammatory lesions. To the best authors' knowledge, this is the first report of leukoencephalomacia due to ischemic vascular accident in a Tremarctos ornatus.
Optimization of financial market risk prediction system based on computer data simulation and markov chain monte carlo
Authors: Yuanfang Zhang
Published: April 2023

With the continuous development of the times, the business scope of the financial market is also expanding, and more and more unknown risks have emerged in the process of development, which has brought a certain impact to the financial market. The exchange rate fluctuation, interest rate and other factors related to the international financial market make financial market risk one of the important risks faced by securities companies. Therefore, securities companies need intuitive, accurate and effective quantitative management tools for financial market risk assessment to improve the overall risk management level of the company. Therefore, this paper constructs a financial market risk prediction system based on computer data simulation technology and Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. This system is mainly composed of three parts: financial risk management, data exchange management and background risk application services. The front end of the financial market risk prediction system is divided into risk monitoring, risk allocation, risk report, risk decision-making and system log modules according to functions. Data collection management functions mainly include data collection, data encryption, data conversion, data return and other functions. The measured results show that the system can predict the significant inflection points in most economic risks synchronously or in advance, and the forecast data shows that the financial security index has an upward trend from bottom to top. In this paper, the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is introduced into the financial market, through data simulation to predict the risks of companies with economic risks, and make a small contribution to the market development.
Esterification of carboxymethyl debranched waxy corn starch, its characterization and performances
Authors: Tang Hongbo , Haohao Sun , Yanping Li , Xiaojun Liu
Published: April 2023

A combination of pullulanase debranching, chloroacetic acid etherification, and sodium tripolyphosphate esterification was selected for the modification of waxy corn starch (WCS) to ameliorate its properties and expand its application. The results showed that the carboxymethylation and phosphorylation were chiefly completed on the big particles. The crystalline structure of WCS was an A-type, but the crystalline structure of debranched waxy corn starch (DWCS) was a C-type. The carboxymethylation destroyed the crystal structure of DWCS. The debranching could result in the reduction of the swelling capacity of WCS, while the carboxymethylation and esterification improved the swelling capacity. The characteristic absorption peaks of carbonyl bonds at 1736.8 cm− 1 and P = O bonds at 1301.2 cm− 1 confirmed that WCS was successfully etherified and esterified. Phosphate carboxymethyl debranched waxy corn starch (PDWCS) could be used to remove Zn2+, and at suitable adsorption conditions, the removal rate of Zn2+ could reach 72.9%
Periodic solution and asymptotic behavior of the three-dimensional sixth-order Boussinesq equation in shallow water waves
Authors: Zhao Baojun , Wang Jiaxin , Dong Huanhe , Fu Lei
Published: April 2023

In this study, the surface wave in inviscid fluid was analyzed. Starting from Euler equation and mass conservation equation, coupled with a set of boundary conditions, the equations obtained by dimensionless method contains two parameters: amplitude parameter α and shallowness parameter β. Using double-series perturbation analysis and scale transformation, the (2+1)-dimensional sixth-order Boussinesq equation is derived for the first time. Based on the Lie group analysis, the generator and the single parameter invariant group of the new Boussinesq equation are obtained. The conservation laws of the equation are given by using the generator and the adjoint equation. Using Hirota’s bilinear method, we obtain the bilinear equation and residual equation. The existence of the residual equation shows the incomplete integrability of the Boussinesq equation. The one soliton solution and two soliton solution are obtained from the Hirota bilinear form. With the Riemann theta function θ3(φ, q), we study the periodic wave solution. When q → 0, it is proved that the periodic solution can be reduced to the one soliton solution in the limit case based on the asymptotic behavior. Finally, using the graph, it is found that the periodic wave solution can be regarded as the parallel superposition of the one soliton solution, and the effects of amplitude parameter α and shallowness parameter β on the amplitude of surface wave are analyzed.
Social determinants and exposure to intimate partner violence in women with severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit: a systematic review
Authors: Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala , Taft Angela , McDonald Susan , Pollock Wendy , Henriquez Joel Christian Roque
Published: April 2023

Background
Studying severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit improves our understanding of potential factors affecting maternal health.
Aim
To review evidence on maternal exposure to intimate partner violence and social determinants of health in women with severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit.
Methods
The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42016037492). A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, LILACS and SciELO using the search terms “intensive care unit”, “intensive care”, “critical care” and “critically ill” in combination with “intimate partner violence”, “social determinants of health”, “severe acute maternal morbidity”, pregnancy, postpartum and other similar terms. Eligible studies were i) quantitative, ii) published in English and Spanish, iii) from 2000 to 2021, iv) with data related to intimate partner violence and/or social determinants of health, and v) investigating severe acute maternal morbidity (maternity patients treated in the intensive care unit during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination). Of 52,866 studies initially identified, 1087 full texts were assessed and 156 studies included. Studies were independently assessed by two reviewers for screening, revision, quality assessment and abstracted data. Studies were categorised into high/middle/low-income countries and summarised data were presented using a narrative description, due to heterogenic data as: i) exposure to intimate partner violence and ii) social determinants of health.
Results
One study assessed intimate partner violence among mothers with severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit and found that women exposed to intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy had a nearly four-fold risk of severe acute maternal morbidity requiring ICU admission. Few social determinants of health other than age were reported in most studies.
Conclusion
This review identified a significant gap in knowledge concerning intimate partner violence and social determinants of health in women with severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit, which is essential to better understand the complete picture of the maternal morbidity spectrum and reduce maternal mortality.
Biomechanical effects of sacroiliac screw selection on sacroiliac screws combined with a lumbar iliac fixation for vertical fractures of the sacrum: a biomechanical finite element analysis
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Li Yu , Hong Huanyu , Huang Tao , Lin Jiangtao , Zhao Yong , Liu Weiwei
Published: April 2023

[Objective] To examine the impact of altering the sacroiliac screw's position and length on the biomechanical properties of the triangle osteosynthesis used to treat unilateral vertical sacral fractures and serve as a clinical reference.
[Methods] Unilateral sacral fractures of the Denis II type were modeled using finite elements to represent Tile C pelvic ring injuries. Six sacroiliac screws combined with lumbar-iliac fixation patterns were used to fix the sacral fracture. To compare sacral stability, maximum pressure, and stress distribution after fixation of sacral fractures with each internal fixation modality.
[Results] The best vertical stability of the internal fixation model was achieved when the S1 segment was fixed with lengthened sacroiliac screws. This was followed by using normal sacroiliac screws for the S1 segment. There was no statistical difference between the vertical stability of the S1 plus S2 dual-segment fixation model and the S1-segment fixation model.The maximum pressures under a vertical force of 600 N, L5LS1 <L5NS1<L5S1S2<L5LS2<L5NS2<L5NS1S2.
[Conclusions] In unilateral vertical fracture of the sacrum (AO C3.1 DENISS II) treated with triangular osteosynthesis, using triangular jointing combined with unilateral iliolumbar fixation + sacroiliac screw fixation, it is recommended that the best vertical stability of the sacrum is obtained with a single lengthened sacroiliac screw for the S1 segment, with less maximum compression on the internal fixation. If it is not possible to apply a lengthened sacroiliac screw, it is recommended to use a plain sacroiliac screw for the S1 segment. Adding an S2 segment screw does not significantly increase the vertical stability of the sacrum.
Utilizing Variable Auto Encoder-based TDO Optimization Algorithm for Predicting Loneliness from Electrocardiogram Signals
Authors: R Bharathi Vidhya , Selvaraj Jerritta
Published: April 2023

Several seniors and a substantial part of the general population are living in social isolation. This frequently occurs in vulnerability, isolation, and depression, which then have a poor impact on other health-related factors. A number of health problems, including a higher risk of cardio problems, are brought on by social isolation and loneliness. Electrocardiogram (ECG) usage for mental condition recognition enables accurate determination of a person's internal representation. The electrocardiogram (ECG) signals can be thoroughly analyzed to uncover hidden data that may be helpful for the precise identification of cardiac problems. ECG time-series information typically have great dimensions and complicated componentry. Using relevant information to guide training is among the main achievements of this type of learning. An ECG signal plays a significant part in the individual body's ability to manage behavior. Furthermore, loneliness identification is crucial since it has the worse effect on the circumstances that afflict persons. This study suggested an approach for detecting loneliness from an ECG signal to use a variable auto encoder-based optimization algorithm for ESN (VAE-OESN) technique. The suggested approach consists of three phases for identifying a person's loneliness. Firstly, Undecimated Discrete Wavelet Transform (UDWT) is used to preprocess the acquired ECG data. Next, further characteristics are extracted from the precompiled signals using a variable auto encoder. For the precise categorization of loneliness in the ECG signal, a metaheuristic optimized ESN is therefore presented. The outcomes of the tests demonstrate that the suggested system with suitable ECG representations produces improved accuracy as well as performance.