bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEJALA TANDA KEPUTIHAN PADA WANITA
Authors: Ndamung Frediance Pati
Published: November 2021

Kesehatan reproduksi pada wanita tidak terlepas pada kesehatan organ intimnya. Keputihan merupakan istilah lazim digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk menyebut penyakit kandidiasis vaginal yang terjadi pada daerah kewanitaan. Keputihan bisa dikategorikan normal yaitu berkaitan dengan siklus menstruasi, yang terjadi menjelang ataupun setelah menstruasi atau bisa juga keluar saat kita sedangmengalami stress atau kelelahan. Tetapi ada juga jenis keputihan akibat suatu gangguan seperti infeksi parasit, bakteri, jamur atau virus pada vagina. Biasanya keputihan jenis ini bisa bervariasi dalam warna, berbau, dan disertai keluhan seperti gatal, nyeri atau terbakar di sekitar vagina.
SEJARAH DAN TUGAS PUSKESMAS
Authors: iham
Published: November 2021

sejarah perkembangan puskesmas yang ada di indonesia yang mejadi tombak sekaligus prisai garda terdepan penyakit
Demokrasi dalam Masyarakat
Authors: Baihaqi Mukhammad Fakhrizal
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi di dunia memiliki sejarahnya sendiri dimulai dari pertengahan abad 5 SM, istilah demokrasi untuk menunjukkan sistem politik yang ada di beberapa negara-kota Yunani, terutama di Athena. Banyak sekali ketidak tahuan masyarakat akan pentingnya mengetahui demokrasi. Setidaknya tahu akan apa aitu artinya demokrasi, sehingga ketika adanya suaatu pemilihan maka bisa memilih dengan bijak. Solusi yang tepat adalah mempelajari dari arti demokrasi itu sendiri.
Analisis Peranan Pajak Dalam Pertumbuhan Perekonomian Di Indonesia
Authors: Mega Wa Tima
Published: November 2021

Pajak merupakan kontribusi wajib negara yang terutang oleh orang pribadi atau badan yang bersifat memaksa berdasarkan Undang-Undang,dengan tidak mendapatkan imbalan secara langsung dan digunakanuntuk keperluan negara bagi sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat.Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan,ditemukannya berbaai peranan pajak dalam pertumbuhan perekonomian di Indonesia.Pajak memiliki dampak pada pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara layaknya pada para pedagang bermata dua.Disisi lain penerimaan pajak yang tinggi juga mampu memacu sebuah negara untuk meningkatkan belanja-belanja pemerintah yang dapat memacu perekonomian hingga berujung pada terciptanya kenaikan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi.Sebagai warga negara Indonesia itu wajib membayar pajak. Menurut teori neo klasik,suatu ekonomi itu bergantung pada pertambahanya penyediaan factor-faktor produksi dan tingkat kemajuan teknologi.
How to Use Item Desirability Ratings in Constructing Forced-Choice Tests
Authors: Pavlov Goran , Shi Dexin , MAYDEU-OLIVARES ALBERTO
Published: November 2021

The forced-choice response format has been proposed as a method for preventing applicant faking on self-report non-cognitive measures. This potential benefit of the format depends on how closely the items comprising each forced-choice block are matched in terms of desirability for the job. Current desirability matching procedures rely on differences in items’ mean desirability ratings to quantify similarity in items’ desirability. We argue that relying on means, while ignoring individual differences in desirability ratings, may yield inaccurate similarity values and result in inferior item matches. As an alternative, we propose a distance-based measure that considers differences in desirability ratings at the individual level and may thus yield accurate similarity values and optimal matches. We support our arguments on a set of desirability ratings obtained with an explicit instruction to rate desirability of items.
The Right Lateral Frontal Cortex Processes Features of Emotional Faces as a Function of Their Likelihood of Occurrence
Authors: Forster André , Hewig Johannes , Allen John JB , Rodrigues Johannes , Ziebell Philipp , Sanguinetti Joseph
Published: November 2021

The lateral frontal Cortex serves an important integrative function for converging information from a number of neural networks. It thus provides context and direction to both stimulus processing and accompanying responses. Especially in emotion related processing, the right hemisphere has often been described to serve a special role including a special sensitivity to stochastic learning and model building. In this study, the right inferior frontal gyrus (riFG) of 41 healthy participants was targeted via ultrasound neuromodulation to shed light on the involvement of this area in the representation of probabilistic context information and the processing of currently presented emotional faces. Analyses reveal that the riFG does not directly contribute to processing of currently depicted emotional stimuli but provides for information about the estimated likelihood of occurrence of stimulus features.
Prevalence of ADHD and Its Subtypes in Male and Female Adult Prison Inmates
Authors: Cahill Brian Stephen , Coolidge Frederick L. , Segal Daniel L. , Klebe Kelli J. , Marle Peter D. , Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: November 2021

There are few published studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult inmates, and even fewer studies that have considered ADHD in adult inmates by gender. The present study examined the prevalence of ADHD, its subtypes, and associated psychological and neuropsychological comorbidity as a function of gender in a sample of 3,962 inmates (3,439 men and 523 women; mean age =33.6 years, range 17–73) who had completed the 250-item, self-report, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR)-aligned Coolidge Correctional Inventory (CCI). The overall ADHD prevalence rate found was 10.5%, which is substantially higher than the rate among adults in the general population (2–5%). The female inmate ADHD prevalence rate (15.1%) was higher than the male inmate ADHD rate (9.8%), consistent with some previous studies. The most prevalent ADHD subtype for both genders was the hyperactive-impulsive subtype. The combined and inattentive ADHD subtypes had higher levels of comorbid psychopathology than the hyperactive-impulsive ADHD subtype. As the presence of ADHD and associated gender differentials may impact the success of rehabilitation and educative programs with inmates, the assessment of ADHD and comorbid psychopathology should be a priority in initial inmate screening and evaluation.
ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR (A Practice Book for Basic English Grammar)
Authors: Sari Mezia Kemala
Published: November 2021

This Elementary Grammar book is devoted to helpinglearners proceed at their rate according to what they areinterested in studying. It helps students learn how to learngrammar better, study, and solve grammatical problems. Some illustrations, such as pictures and other visual presentations, are deliberately made to help students visualize some emphasized grammar points.
THE RIGHT OF RESTITUTION FOR CHILD VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rosmalinda Rosmalinda , Ningrum Natasya Sirait  , Suhaidi  , Edy Ikhsan
Published: November 2021

Article 4 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) mentions the obligations of state parties to implement the CRC. Furthermore, article 19 of the CRC requires State Parties to protect children from any form of violation including sexual violation through legislative, administrative, social and education measures. This article describes the results of research related to the implementation of CRC for child victims of sexual violence (CVSV) through court decisions. The analysis was conducted on seven Districts and three High Court decisions in 2018 in Medan and Deli Serdang Districts, North Sumatera Province in Indonesia concerning sexual violence which involve children as victims. The researcher conducted focus group discussions which involved two groups of respondents; (1) Law Enforcement Officers and (2) OPD (Organisasi Pemerintahan Daerah/Local Governments) and CSOs (Civil Society Organizations) which concerns CVSV issues. The finding shows that none of the court decisions mentioned about rights of the victims, as they focused only to punish the perpetrator(s). It is ironic since the right is regulated under several regulations in Indonesia concerning child protection. Therefore, the researcher recommends that police officers and Public Prosecutors should be more active in providing information concerning restitution for the victims. This will assist the victim(s) and his/her families to obtain justice not only by punishing the perpetrator but also by obtaining his/her right of restitution.
Estimation of climatic influence on balances of agricultural products
Authors:   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Svetlov Nikolai M.
Published: November 2021

Studies concerning the impact of climate on the food sector mainly focus on expected changes in agricultural production volumes. Unlike them, in this article balances of agricultural products are compared. They are calculated for two nominal scenarios that suppose using resource capacity of federal subjects’ agriculture as of years 2015 to 2019 under the conditions of either actual or future climate of the planet. Calculations use the mathematical model of partial equilibrium with a built-in non-parametric production frontier (VIAPI model). The comparison shows that in Russia and its regions the impact of climate change on production is of secondary importance, while changes in trade and (especially in the case of milk) consumption are more noticeable. The main factors that determine the situation in the markets under the climate of the future are, on the one hand, the growing economic attractiveness of exports and the rising costs of imports; on the other hand, the state policy aimed at guarantees of the food consumption level, which is able to keep the expected reduction in consumption within the boundaries acceptable with food security point of view. The reasons for the resilience of production volumes to climate change are steady demand; relative abundance of agricultural land (land being released due to increased yields driven by climate change is, as a rule, not being used to expand production); available opportunities of adaptation to the changing climate of the territorial and sectoral structure of the Russia’s agriculture.
Research of prospects of intersectoral optimization of agroecosystems
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Nalchik, Russia, Khalishkhova Laura Z. , Guchapsheva Inga R. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Nalchik, Russia, Temrokova Anzhela Kh. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Nalchik, Russia, Temrokova Asiyat E. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Nalchik, Russia
Published: November 2021

The article considers the structure of the agroecosystem. A model of its functioning is proposed, as well as a structural and logical model of the organization of an adaptive landscape system of agricultural nature management. The analysis of the optimal combination of structural elements of the agroecosystem in the study is proposed to be carried out within the framework of the basin approach. This approach seems to be the most appropriate, environmentally justified and fully fits into the format of the agro-landscape concept. A methodology for assessing the productive capabilities of the agroecosystem to optimize the structure of its economic use is also proposed.
Food security and the problems of possible resuscitation of neo-Malthusianism
Authors:   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Bautin Vladimir M. , Lipchenko Elena A. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production
Published: November 2021

Ensuring food independence and food security are crucial problems of any State. Therefore, the issues of the export potential of food for different states, including Russia, in the modern globalized world characterize the agrarian economy of states as competitive and deeply integrated into the world economy. Participation in the international division of labor makes it necessary to maintain a balance between the interests of the national food market and the needs of the rest of the world. Of course, ensuring domestic consumption and food security is a priority of the agrarian policy of each state. At the same time, emerging threats to food security are increasing in a number of countries around the world under the influence of demographic problems, which also lead to excessive environmental costs. In this regard, the forgotten ideas of T. Malthus, once expressed by him about the relationship in the field of “man-nature”, especially with the growing importance of environmental and population problems, have recently become of interest. The article discusses some of T. Malthus’ views in relation to the new conditions of the modern world.
Prospects for increasing the volume of agricultural production for export due to the expansion and intensification of the use of Russian land resources
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Polunin Gennadiy A.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to substantiating the prospects for increasing the marginal volumes of agricultural production for export in the next four years. Two scenarios of such production are considered: 1) expansion and 2) intensification of the use of land resources. As part of the development of the first scenario, an analysis of the distribution of unused agricultural land, including arable land, by federal districts was carried out. Also, based on the forecast of the introduction of additional annual volumes of acreage in the subjects of the Federation, the calculation of additional volumes of agricultural production, which can be expected in the next four years, was carried out. The analysis of data on the increase in the yield of export-oriented crops over the past five years has been carried out, in the framework of the second scenario, the calculation of the projected additional yield due to the intensification of agriculture is presented. The results of the study indicate that the intensification of agriculture will have the greatest impact on the growth of production and export of agricultural products in the near future.
Rural development planning of the EU Member States: CAP reform 2013
Authors:   Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Golovina Svetlana G. , Mikolaychik Ivan N. ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy, Kurgan, Russia, Smirnova Lidia N. ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy, Kurgan, Russia
Published: November 2021

The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP) for the development of rural areas was carried out in 2014-2020 in the line of Second Pillar CAP and closely integrated with the implementation of rural development programs developed in each state-member EU. The features of the CAP Second Pillar (distinguishing it from the First Pillar) include: 1) the possibility of choosing at the national (regional) level of priorities for the development of rural areas from the general list determined for the EU as a whole; 2) the right to use for the implementation of national programs not all, but only a few tools specified in the content of the CAP; 3) implementation of developed and adopted national programs purely on terms of co-financing by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and national (regional) funds. The purpose of the study is, firstly, to thoroughly describe the regulations concerning the planning and implementation of national programs for rural development, and secondly, to highlight those areas and measures of state support for rural areas that are extremely useful for incorporation into domestic practice. High research interest in this regard is represented by (1) the CAP priorities formulated for the analyzed period, their scientific and practical justification, (2) the algorithm for determining the goals and strategies of national rural development policies, the procedures for their harmonization with common European values, (3) a list of measures, specified by the EU for the implementation of the Second Pillar of the CAP, an logic for their selection for the execution of national policies, (4) monitoring mechanisms to check the effectiveness of the modern financial instruments using to achieve the priorities and goals outlined in the programs.
Emergency Law Responses and the Covid-19 Pandemic (Global State of Democracy Thematic Paper 2021)
Authors: Houlihan Erin , Underwood William
Published: November 2021

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a variety of extraordinary legal and policy measures to protect lives, mitigate the spread of the virus, and prevent health systems from breaking down. These measures have often included curbing some human rights, restricting travel, shuttering up classrooms, suspending government services, ordering the temporary closure of businesses, controlling or curtailing news reporting, and sometimes delaying elections. To do this, many governments have activated emergency legal frameworks that provide for the assumption of emergency powers by the executive and, in some cases the weakening or setting aside of ordinary democratic checks and balances. It is helpful to understand the different types of laws relied upon (or not) by governments to justify their assumption of emergency powers and their imposition of emergency measures. This paper examines and compares different types of legal bases for emergency powers, built-in safeguards and constraints specific to each type of emergency regime, the factors that may influence choices about which emergency legal response to apply, and the associated advantages and risks.
El estado de la democracia en las Américas 2021: Democracia en tiempos de crisis
Authors:   International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA Internacional)
Published: November 2021

Pese a la pandemia, el número de democracias en las Américas se mantiene igual que hace dos años. Además, la mayoría de las democracias de la región demostraron una gran resiliencia frente al efecto disruptivo de la pandemia, y los Parlamentos, los Poderes Judiciales y los medios de comunicación de la mayoría de las democracias lograron adaptarse y seguir ejerciendo sus funciones de control, aun en medio de numerosas restricciones que dificultaron su labor. Sin embargo, a pesar de la resiliencia que las democracias de la región desplegaron durante la pandemia, la calidad de la democracia continúa deteriorándose en las Américas. Más de la mitad de las democracias de América Latina y el Caribe muestran signos de erosión democrática, y la democracia de Brasil está transitando un proceso de retroceso democrático desde 2016. El estado de la democracia en las Américas 2021 ofrece a los actores políticos y civiles, así como a la comunidad internacional, análisis, lecciones y recomendaciones para afrontar los retos que presenta la democracia, y para afianzar y reforzar su resiliencia. Este informe forma parte de la iniciativa de IDEA Internacional “El Estado de la Democracia” y constituye uno de los cuatro informes regionales que complementan el informe global titulado El estado de la democracia en el mundo. Dichos informes combinan la información que brindan los índices del estado de la democracia de IDEA Internacional con las lecciones aprendidas gracias al trabajo realizado en las diferentes regiones del mundo. Se espera que estos informes contribuyan a informar el debate público sobre la democracia y brinden recomendaciones útiles para la implementación de políticas públicas.
The State of Democracy in Asia and the Pacific 2021: Old Resilience, New Challenges
Authors:   International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic initially broke out in the Asia and the Pacific region in late 2019, with the first cases in Wuhan, China. The pandemic has served as a magnifier of pre-existing democratic strengths and weaknesses within governing systems around Asia and the Pacific. In the majority of cases, the region’s hybrid and authoritarian regimes tightened their grip on society in response to the pandemic. Quality of democracy continued to decline in number of region’s democracies. Despite these challenges, in its response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Asia and the Pacific region has demonstrated impressive democratic resilience and innovation. In contrast to other regions, several countries already had legal and institutional frameworks in place tailored to dealing with global health emergencies and were able to activate these rapidly. Importantly, experiences by several Asian countries have highlighted the fact that such a crisis can be contained while respecting legal constraints and coordinating across an array of elected and unelected institutions. All democracies needed to balance between individual and collective rights. This Report provides lessons and recommendations that governments, political and civic actors, and international democracy assistance providers should consider in order to counter the concerning trends in the erosion of democracy, and to foster its resilience and deepening.
The State of Democracy in Europe 2021: Overcoming the Impact of the Pandemic
Authors:   International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
Published: November 2021

For more than a decade, a majority of Europe’s established democracies have seen the quality of their democracies stagnate—or even decline—rather than improve. Some show the clear erosion of democratic processes and fundamental rights; several have deteriorated to the point where they can hardly be qualified as democracies any longer. The arrival of the Covid-19 global health crisis has added to the strain. With sufficient democratic safeguards still in place, it is likely that the continent’s consolidated democracies will emerge largely intact from the pandemic. This Report provides lessons and recommendations that governments, political and civic actors, and international democracy assistance providers should consider in order to counter the concerning trends in the erosion of democracy, and to foster its resilience and deepening. International IDEA’s Global State of Democracy Reports review the state of democracy around the world. Access the digital version to download PDFs or read online. The 2021 edition covers developments in 2020 and 2021, with democratic trends since 2015 used as a contextual reference. This report has on Europe is one of four regional reports that provide more in-depth analysis of trends and developments in Africa and the Middle East; the Americas; and Asia and the Pacific; which along with the Global Report complement and cross-reference each other. There are also three thematic papers that allow more in-depth analysis and recommendations on how to manage electoral processes and emergency law responses, and how democracies and non-democracies fared based on lessons learned from the pandemic. The reports draw on data from the Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices and lessons learned from International IDEA’s on-the ground technical assistance to understand the current democracy landscape. The 2021 reports also draw heavily on data collected by International IDEA’s Global Monitor of Covid-19’s Impact on Democracy and Human Rights
BLOOD PRESSURE VARIATION IN CHILDREN AT 5 MINUTE INTERVAL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF WHITE COAT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Sharan Pradeep , Narayan Jai Prakash
Published: November 2021

White-coat hypertension is a condition when a person’s blood pressure tends to increase only when they are at the doctor's office. In children, blood pressure between the 90th and 95th percentile is labelled as pre-hypertension and above the 95thcentile it is classified as hypertension. The difference between 90th and 95th centiles for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure is only 4 mm of Hg.
Methods: Children between ages 5 to 10 years admitted in the children ward of Shri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India from February to April 2020 included in the study. We record blood pressure by oscillometer 4 times a day, over 4 days of hospital stay and each time two readings were taken at 5 minute intervals.
Results: During 4 days of hospital stay blood pressure varied widely. In addition  second reading of BP were always less than the first reading BP,  but second readings data also varied widely just as first readings.
Conclusion: White coat’ hypertension is the phenomenon where BP is exaggerated by act of measuring BP. This is initiated by anxiety. Children are particularly susceptible and distressed by the circumstances of hospitalization, stranger anxiety and fear to painful intervention. We should take multiple readings before reach a conclusion of hypertension.                 
Key words: Blood pressure, White-coat Hypertension, Ambulatory BP, Hypertension
STUDY OF LYMPH NODE CYTOLOGY IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Dhawale Abhijeet Ramesh
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a global pandemic. Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is very common manifestation of HIV infection. Moreover, different opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB) and malignancies may present with lymphadenopathy. This study was performed to evaluate the role of FNAC as a cytological investigative tool in the diagnosis of various lesions in HIV lymphadenopathy.

Material and Methods: This study was carried out in Tertiary care Institute of India, over a period of one year. Total 50 cases of HIV lymphadenopathy patients were participated in the study after having signed the Informed Consent Form. Diagnosis of HIV was done by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) test, followed by the CD4 counts by BD FACS Count system in HIV positive patients. FNAC procedure was performed as an OPD procedure in cytology OPD of pathology department.

Results: Most common site of HIV lymphadenopathy is cervical lymph node 40 (80%), followed by supraclavicular 6(12%) followed by axillary lymph node 4(8%). The most common lesion found was mycobacterial infection 22(44%), followed by reactive lymphadenitis 15(30%). Non-specific chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis in 10(22%) and 3(6%) cases of acute suppurative lymphadenitis. CD4 count more than 500 cells/ µL was seen in 9 (18%) cases of reactive lymphadenitis and 4 (8%) cases of chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis. Patients with tubercular infection had CD4 count between 200- 499 cells/ µL in 12 (24%) cases and less than 200 in 10 (20%) cases.

Conclusion: FNAC is relatively inexpensive and valuable tool for identification of opportunistic infections, neoplastic lesions and non-neoplastic lesions. It may spare patients lymph node excision and enable immediate treatment of specific infection. This procedure is readily repeatable and can be used for follow up during and after treatment.

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, lymphadenopathy, Non-specific chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis, tuberculosis
CORRELATION OF PAP SMEAR AND COLPOSCOPIC FINDING WITH DIRECTED BIOPSY TO ASSESS THE ADVANTAGE OF CONCURRENT TESTING BY CYTOLOGY AND COLPOSCOPY IN THE DETECTION OF CERVICAL NEOPLASM
Authors: Chittara Diksha Kumari , Mendiratta Suman , Gurjar Anil
Published: November 2021

Background: Cervical cancer was the second most common cancer among women 15-44 years of age and in 2018 it was the fourth most frequent cancer and cause of cancer death among all women in the world

Methods:Women (18-65 yrs) attending Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur were recruited for study. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria written and informed consent were taken from all study participants

Results: On histopathology report we found that 10% had normal inflammation followed by 9.33% had carcinoma in situ, 8% had CIN-2, 6.67% had CIN-1, 5.67% had CIN-3 and Squamous cell carcinoma each.

Conclusion: Pap smear and colposcopy both the tests can be used to complement each other in a hospital based screening programme, where facilities for both modalities are available. Hence use of single visit approach in which cytology, colposcopy and guided biopsy all are done in single sitting, and treated accordingly in resource poor countries like ours will enable maximal utilization of scarce medical resources.

Keywords: Pap smear, CIN, Cervical cancer
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVEL WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY AT SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE & ATTACHED GROUP OF HOSPITALS, JAIPUR
Authors: Inaniya Priyanka , Meena B S , Sharma Manju , Meena Mohan Lal , Gera Rashma , Sharma Aparna
Published: November 2021

Background: The present study aimed to study the association of Serum Ferritin level with gestational diabetes mellitus

Methods: All Pregnant Females in Gestational age of 16 to 32 weeks presenting to the Ante natal clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur.  Based on Oral Glucose tolerance test, study participants were divided into two groups, Pregnant female with Gestational Diabetes (GDM group) and Pregnant female without Gestational Diabetes (Controls)

Results: Mean ferritin level was significantly higher in GDM group (33.51 ng/ml)) as compared to control group (24.97 ng/ml). This difference in mean ferritin level among the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). This indicates that higher ferritin level is significantly associated with risk of GDM.

Conclusion: Serum ferritin in this study had a significant correlation with development of GDM. High ferritin range was found in females with GDM. Routine use of monitoring of serum ferritin levels, during the antenatal visit in the mid trimester should be carried out, for early prediction of developing GDM.

Keywords: GDM, Serum ferrtin, Metabolic conditions.
Design, Development and Evaluation of Matrix Tablet
Authors: Chatterjee Arindam , Sharma Deeksha , Mishra Anuj
Published: November 2021

Recently, sustained release formulations have become a very helpful tool in medical practice, providing patients with a variety of benefits. Sustained release is also a potential method for reducing pharmacological side effects by preventing fluctuations in the concentration of the drug in the plasma. Nowadays, relatively few pharmaceuticals are emerging from research and development, and current drugs are suffering from resistance as a result of their inappropriate usage. Thus, altering the operation is an appropriate and optimum method of increasing the effectiveness of a medicine by a little variation in the drug distribution. The release of the medication through such a system is regulated by both dissolution and diffusion processes. Most medications, if not correctly designed, may quickly release the drug at a higher pace, resulting in hazardous concentrations of the drug upon oral administration. This review discusses the fundamentals of sustained release formulations and the many varieties available.

Key words: Matrix tablets, Sustained release, Sustain release polymers, Patient convenience and compliance.
Peramalan Strategi Pelanggan serta Perpindahan Pelanggan Indomaret dan Alfamart dengan Metode Game Theory dan Markov Chain
Authors: Aliwafa Muhammad , Sukanta Sukanta , Sari Rianita Puspa
Published: November 2021

Karawang is one of the areas that developed into one of the largest industrial cities in Indonesia. Karawang experienced rapid growth, especially in the industrial and commercial sectors. This has led to the occurrence of the change of the pattern of life in the community, so that modern society become identical with a consumptive lifestyle. Leads to the new needs that actually put forward in public life, one of which is the demand needs of life, especially basic needs. That's what became the basis of the number of franchise mini market opened, but there are two big names that are often visited by the people that Indomaret and Alfamart. The purpose of this study is to analyze the probability of the displacement of the consumer between two mini market. The method of game theory used for the analysis of customer strategy of the two-mini market, while the Markov chain is used to analyze the displacement of the customer. Results from game theory such Alfamart winning strategy on price and Indomaret winning strategy on the completeness of the product. While the results from the Markov chain there is a movement of consumers from Indomaret to Alfamart.
Keberadaan Plastik di Lingkungan, Bahaya terhadap Kesehatan Manusia, dan Upaya Mitigasi: Studi Literatur
Authors: Firmansyah Yura Witsqa , Fuadi Mirza Fathan , Ramadhansyah Muhammad Fadli , Sugiester S Farida , Widyantoro Wahyu , Lewinsca Maurend Yayank , Diyana Sutra , Marliana Nanda Ika Vera , Arumdani Intan Sekar , Pratama Aziz Yulianto , Azhari Desti , Sukaningtyas Ramadani , Hardiyanto Afdal
Published: November 2021

Since 2001, synthetic polymers  have been one of the most important materials since 2001 because they are used by humans and become a necessity in various sectors such as thermoplastics in countless quantities. Plastics have properties that are difficult to decompose and can change size into plastic macromolecules with the help of photodegradation, oxidation, hydrolytic degradation, and mechanical breakdown . Plastic pollution is a serious problem because the demand for plastic by society is increasing every year and the result of a lot of plastic waste can cause serious health problems and problems in the surrounding environment. Therefore, the use of plastic has a big impact on human health and the environment because it’s hard to decompose. The aim of this study is to provide information on the effects of microplastics on the environment through a review study. This study uses a descriptive method with a literature review approach. The criteria for articles used sources from Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Nature, JSTOR, and Emerald Insight. The conclusion in this study found a relationship between the presence of microplastics with human health problems, and the environment so that it is necessary to mitigate against plastic waste pollution such as 3R and substitution of materials.
Produced Water Treatment Planning Using Corrugated Plate Interceptor and Ultra Filtration for Water Recycling
Authors: Pangestu Novena Lany , Zahra Nurulbaiti Listyendah , Sarwono Ariyanti , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: November 2021

Produced water generated by the oil and gas industry, when treated properly, will produce water that is ready to be reused, such as for watering plants. This planning is done by treating the produced water with Corrugated Plate Interceptor (CPI) and Ultra Filtration units. This research aims to analyze the design details needed in the recycling of produced water with CPI and Ultra Filtration units. After determining the design criteria used, the dimensions for each unit are obtained. Data was collected using secondary data directly from the study site and quantitative method was used for data analysis. The land area for one CPI unit requires 55 m2 with a volume of 110 m3. The Reynolds number and Froude number for CPI units meet the design criteria with 419.8 and 0.24, respectively. The ultra-filtration unit was selected with a Flux specification of 0.15 m3/m2.hour with an operational duration of 24 hours. The results of processing with the CPI unit can at least produce oil and fat effluent of 0.038 mg/L, with the threshold for water quality is 1 mg/L. Produced water treatment planning with CPI configuration and UF membrane with storage tank requires a total land area of 63.97 m2..
Pemetaan dan Analisis Tempat Penampungan Sampah Sementara Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kecamatan Mataram, Kota Mataram
Authors: Wahyudin Wahyudin , Siswandi Erlan
Published: November 2021

The transportation of waste from the Temporary Waste Shelter (TWS) to the Final Processing Site (FPS) needs to be carried out to avoid the accumulation of waste in the TWS, because it has the potential to endanger the environment and health. This study aims to determine the distribution, capacity, service radius, and technical feasibility of TWS using a Geographic Information System (GIS), and to determine the level of need for TWS facilities in the Mataram District. This research is a descriptive observational study, where the researchers conducted a field survey by means of observation, plotting coordinates with GPS, and measuring waste generation on the specified respondents. The data is processed and analyzed spatially and normatively, then described. The results showed that there were 8 points TWS in Mataram District, with an uneven distribution in each village, namely 3 wards that did not have a formal TWS. The capacity of the existing TWS is adequate for containing waste from its coverage service, as well as the condition of the TWS in general is good but they need to be repaired and maintained. The need TWS in Mataram District is 16 units where 8 of them have being existing. The remains for additional TWS is 8 units those can be placed in each village, especially in 3 villages that do not yet have TWS, namely Punia, Pagesangan Barat, and Pagesangan Timur
Penerapan Panel Surya sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik Alternatif pada Gedung Fakultas Teknik Universitas Teuku Umar
Authors: Pandria T. M. Azis , Prasanti Nissa
Published: November 2021

After turning into a state university, Universitas Teuku Umar continues to improve a number of infrastructures including the addition of a number of buildings. Currently the only source of electricity used to run all facilities in the building only from PLN, so that in the face of obstacles such as blackouts, suspension of electricity supply, or other technical constraints will result in the cessation of all activities so that it has an impact on the decline in the performance of the Faculty of Engineering in general. Research on the application of solar panels installed on the roof of the building (rooftop) as Building Applied Photovoltaic (BAPV) was conducted. The purpose of the study is to find out the number of solar panels and other devices needed for the application of PLTS in the Faculty of Engineering Building. PVsyst V7.2 software It is used to obtain daily solar radiation values at the locations reviewed. The existing Total Energy (TE) value calculation method is used to determine the capacity of solar panels and other supporting equipment. Results show an existing TE value of 20,422 Wh/day or equivalent to 20,422 kWh/day. Based on te value the number of solar panels needed as much as 33 units of capacity 120 Wp, Solar Charge Controller (PWM) 12 V-250 A 1 unit, VRLA Gel Battery Brand VOS 12V - 150 Ah 41 units, Inverter Pure Sine Wave (PSW) Split Phase Inverter Charger Series power 1-6 KW 1 unit.
Pengetahuan dan Adaptasi Petani Kopi terhadap Perubahan Iklim di Kecamatan Air Hitam Kabupaten Lampung
Authors: Mutolib Abdul , Rahmat Ali , Sumiati Tita
Published: November 2021

Climate change has caused production declines and crop failures in some agricultural commodities.  This study aims to identify the level of knowledge, adaptation practices, and types of protective trees used by coffee farmers in dealing with climate change. The research was carried out in Rigis Jaya Village, West Lampung District from May to July 2021. The number of respondents was 80 coffee farming households. Respondents were determined through a simple random sampling approach. The data collected consists of qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection was carried out through the survey method. The results of the study illustrate that coffee farmers have realized that climate change has occurred. 60% of coffee farmers are aware of climate change in the last 1-5 years and 20% of coffee farmers are more than 5 years old. From mitigation practices, 25% of coffee farmers mitigate climate change. Climate change mitigation practices carried out by farmers are through the use of superior coffee varieties, planting shade trees, setting coffee spacing, making vents, and utilizing the remaining coffee husks to increase soil fertility and moisture. There are 14 types of shade trees planted by farmers consisting of legumes and non-legume trees. Petai (Parkia speciosa) is the most widely planted shade tree in coffee plantations with 45% of the total respondents.
Penilaian Dampak Lingkungan Industri Tahu Menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment (Studi Kasus: Pabrik Tahu Sari Murni Kampung Krajan, Surakarta)
Authors: Lolo Elvis Umbu , Gunawan Richardus Indra , Krismani Agerippa Yanuranda , Pambudi Yonathan Suryo
Published: November 2021

The problem faced by the tofu industry is waste management. So, it is necessary to do so that tofu waste does not pollute the environment by managing waste and emissions, efficient consumption of energy, materials, andwater. One way to identify environmental pollution is by Life Cycle Assessment. This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The LCA flow in this study is to determine goals and scopes, create inventory data, make grouping impacts and how much impact they generate, as well as interpreting to provide improvements. The functional unit in this study is 1 kg of tofu which is produced in 1 day. The results of this study were divided into five impact categories, namely, climate change, the most important being 2195 kg CO2, human toxicity potential at 2187 kg 1,4-Dikchloro benzene, eutrophication at 0.935 kg PO4, photo oxidant at 0.797 kg C2H4, and acidification at 15,915 kg. SO2. The recommended improvement alternative is to make efforts to use water efficiently during the tofu production process, including the need to clean the scale in the steam boiler to increase the volume of steam produced, so that the use of water and energy is more efficient.
Policy Brief : Pengolahan Abu Hasil Pembakaran Limbah Medis sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Bahan Bangunan yang Berasal dari Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan
Authors: Ramadhansyah Muhammad Fadli , Nugroho Arief , Wahyuningsih Nur Endah
Published: November 2021

Policy briefs have an important role in solving problems that exist in a health agency, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. One example of the problems that exist in health care facilities is air pollution that comes from the ashes resulting from the burning of medical waste. The impact of air pollution on humans is that it triggers respiratory disorders which are characterized by a decrease in the elasticity of the lungs to accommodate the volume of air so that this can be associated with the incidence of respiratory disorders. In addition, it has a small particle size and is scattered in the air in large quantities. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the summary of policy making that is used as a reference to increase the effectiveness of processing ash from combustion based on a review study. This study uses a descriptive method with a literature review approach. The criteria for the articles used have a publication time of the last 10 years, discuss the utilization of combustion ash, and discuss the policy of processing incinerator ash waste. Making a policy brief can be used as a starting point for advocating for local governments to use ash from burning as an alternative to building materials to reduce air pollution and the accumulation of ash waste that accumulates in incinerators in health care facilities.
Implementasi Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness Berbasis Six Big Losses Guna Mengevaluasi Efektivitas Mesin Packing Semen
Authors: Priambodo Septia , Mahbubah Nina Aini
Published: November 2021

Integrated maintenance management is an important factor in maintaining the stability of machine operations in manufacturing companies. PT AAAA Factory Gresik is a cement manufacturing company, where the Section Division of Gresik Finish Mill Packer Operation has a problem of downtime cement packing machine 40 kg and causes production delay. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the 40kg cement packing machine as well as to calculate losses due to unproductiveness of the packing machine. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), Six Big Losses, and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) were used as research method. This study found that OEE value for January-December 2019 of 41.25% are considered as lower percentage in compare with the ideal value of international standards which is 85%. Moreover, the largest average losses are found, namely reduce speed losses, idle and stoppages minor losses and defects in process with percentage in following order, 4.49%, 4.49% and 2.76%.Result from FMEA analysis have been identified 3 highest Risk Priority Number (RPN), namely transportation with an RPN value of 294, the second RPN value of 288 is a blockage in the packing machine, finally the engine button is jammed with an RPN value of 252. The proposed improvement scenario is the start of the engine operating operators checking and cleaning machines regularly and the marketing division expands the sales market.
Pengaruh Perubahan Jumlah Layer Pada Prediksi Konsumsi Daya Listrik
Authors: Fattah Mgs. Abd , Yuniarti Erliza , Sofiah Sofiah
Published: November 2021

Electrical load forecasting is very important to meet consumer needs according to load patterns. The electricity generated if it exceeds the amount needed will cause waste, on the other hand if the generator is smaller than the demand it can result in rotating power outages which result in losses to consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance metric of the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in forecasting the load one day ahead by using an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. Forecasting with this ANN uses variations in the number of layers, namely 1 layer, 2 layers, 3 layers and other constant parameters. Forecasting uses time series data in period one from 1-28 December 2017. Forecasting output finds that ANN 1 layer provides the best value with a MAPE of 5,0053%, and is able to identify existing load patterns.
Waste-to-Energy Potential Using Municipal Solid Waste as One Implementation of Jakarta Smart City
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Rayhan Syahida , Ikhsan Muhammad , Putra Ridha Muhlita , Simatupang Joni Welman , Mau Sealtial , Kaburuan Emil Robert
Published: November 2021

The background of this research is the escalation of DKI Jakarta’s residence which lead to the other two impacting factors, the use of electricity that increase to 5.8% in 2019 and the municipal waste escalation. The objective of this research is to find potential electrical energy that can be produced from waste-to-energy (WTE) technology of IWMS (Integrated Waste Management Site) Bantargebang (Bekasi), where most of the waste come from the people of DKI Jakarta. Furthermore, with the application of WTE, there is also a potential from the smart city implementation in DKI Jakarta. By using the mathematical model and secondary data gathering from the government of DKI Jakarta, we found that the potential of electrical energy that can be produced can reach 8.6 GWh/day, which contributed up to 9% to from the energy distributed to DKI Jakarta. Moreover, by applying WTE, there is also a potential of implementing other indicators of smart city that has been propagated by the government of DKI Jakarta.