bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the future: machine learning's role in revolutionizing antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control
Authors: Hanna John J. , Medford Richard J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review

This review examines the current state and future prospects of machine learning (ML) in infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship (ASP), highlighting its potential to transform healthcare practices by enhancing the precision, efficiency, and effectiveness of interventions against infections and antimicrobial resistance.

Recent findings

ML has shown promise in improving surveillance and detection of infections, predicting infection risk, and optimizing antimicrobial use through the development of predictive analytics, natural language processing, and personalized medicine approaches. However, challenges remain, including issues related to data quality, model interpretability, ethical considerations, and integration into clinical workflows.

Despite these challenges, the future of ML in IPC and ASP is promising, with interdisciplinary collaboration identified as a key factor in overcoming existing barriers. ML's role in advancing personalized medicine, real-time disease monitoring, and effective IPC and ASP strategies signifies a pivotal shift towards safer, more efficient healthcare environments and improved patient care in the face of global antimicrobial resistance challenges.
Implications of size dispersion on X-ray scattering of crystalline nanoparticles: CeO2 as a case study
Authors: Valério Adriana , Trindade Fabiane J. , Penacchio Rafaela F. S. , Cisi Bria , Damasceno Sérgio , Estradiote Maurício B. , Rodella Cristiane B. , Ferlauto Andre S. , Kycia Stefan W. , Morelhão Sérgio L.
Published: May 2024

Controlling the shape and size dispersivity and crystallinity of nanoparticles (NPs) has been a challenge in identifying these parameters' role in the physical and chemical properties of NPs. The need for reliable quantitative tools for analyzing the dispersivity and crystallinity of NPs is a considerable problem in optimizing scalable synthesis routes capable of controlling NP properties. The most common tools are electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray scattering techniques. However, each technique has different susceptibility to these parameters, implying that more than one technique is necessary to characterize NP systems with maximum reliability. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) is mandatory to access information on crystallinity. In contrast, EM or small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is required to access information on whole NP sizes. EM provides average values on relatively small ensembles in contrast to the bulk values accessed by X-ray techniques. Besides the fact that the SAXS and WAXS techniques have different susceptibilities to size distributions, SAXS is easily affected by NP–NP interaction distances. Because of all the variables involved, there have yet to be proposed methodologies for cross-analyzing data from two techniques that can provide reliable quantitative results of dispersivity and crystallinity. In this work, a SAXS/WAXS-based methodology is proposed for simultaneously quantifying size distribution and degree of crystallinity of NPs. The most reliable easy-to-access size result for each technique is demonstrated by computer simulation. Strategies on how to compare these results and how to identify NP–NP interaction effects underneath the SAXS intensity curve are presented. Experimental results are shown for cubic-like CeO2 NPs. WAXS size results from two analytical procedures are compared, line-profile fitting of individual diffraction peaks in opposition to whole pattern fitting. The impact of shape dispersivity is also evaluated. Extension of the proposed methodology for cross-analyzing EM and WAXS data is possible.
How do I deal with complex social commerce landscape? Understanding continuance intention using approach and avoidance motivations model
Authors: Chong Sin-Er , Ng Siew-Imm , Kamal Basha Norazlyn Binti , Lim Xin-Jean
Published: May 2024

Purpose

In the vibrant world of social commerce (SC), where information flows freely, interactions thrive and online purchases abound, there is an escalating challenge. Users are uninstalling and disengaging due to approach and avoidance stimuli, a trend mirroring the approach-avoidance motivation model (AAMM). Our study, anchored in AAMM and the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, aims to dive into the complex dynamics of these factors that shape users' SC continuance intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Our findings, drawn from 472 SC users in Malaysia, paint an intriguing research framework via PLS-SEM analysis by testing the proposed hypotheses. A purposive sampling technique was utilized, deliberately selecting respondents based on specific criteria. Subsequently, data were gathered through the distribution of face-to-face questionnaires at selected shopping malls, facilitating a focused and comprehensive exploration of consumer perspectives.

Findings

The empirical results demonstrate the following: (1) Users' determination to stay engaged on SC platforms hinges on approach factors, like emotional support, surveillance gratification and multisensory gratification. (2) Simultaneously, avoidance factors such as technostress and perceived deception exert their negative influence. (3) Flow experience, rooted in flow theory, emerges as the underlying mechanism connecting these duality stimuli, influencing the continuance intention.

Originality/value

In a departure from conventional research, our study pioneers a comprehensive approach and boldly confronts the research gap by introducing a rich tapestry of antecedents, embracing both the appeal of approach factors and the deterrence of avoidance ones, using the AAMM that sheds light on how individuals navigate between embracing opportunities and avoiding pitfalls based on perceived gains and losses. This holistic approach enables us to redefine our understanding of digital engagement dynamics, offering a captivating journey into the realm of user experience and intention that transcends the ordinary.
From the final frontier to the metaverse: exploring the role of sharing economy principles in revolutionizing space tourism
Authors: Beheshti Moein , Mladenović Dušan , Sadraei Razieh , ZareRavasan Ahad
Published: May 2024

Purpose

As exponential technologies continue to transform business models rapidly, there is a growing focus on metaverse research within the tourism industry. Despite the significant findings, the practical discussion of high-cost and resource-demanding space tourism within the metaverse platform is still abstract. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of virtual space tourism and consumer motivations inspired by the intrinsic principles of the sharing economy business model and the metaverse platforms.

Design/methodology/approach

By gathering primary data through questionnaires from individuals interested in virtual space tourism and using the 530 valid responses, this study uses the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) along with the status quo bias theory (SQB) to better comprehend travelers’ motivations for engaging with the metaverse in space tourism.

Findings

The study confirms UTAUT2’s effectiveness in predicting travelers’ adoption behavior. Specifically, factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, price value and facilitating conditions significantly impact attitudes and behavioral intentions toward adopting the metaverse for space tourism. Furthermore, skepticism significantly moderates the relationship between attitudes and behavioral intentions.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to empirically explore the motivations for using metaverse capabilities in the context of space tourism. In line with recent calls for more research on advancing UN sustainable development goals through the metaverse platform, this research discusses findings based on eight shared attributes in both sharing economies and the metaverse platforms that offer the potential for sustainable, socialized and affordable access to space tourism. In addition to the managerial implications, this study outlines future research directions, drawing on insights from the sharing economy’s success in the tourism industry.
To save the environment is my moral duty: investigating young consumer’s green purchase behaviour with moderated mediation approach
Authors: Kumar Rakesh
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of ethical obligation and environmental concern in young consumers’ green purchase behaviour using Ajzen’s (1991) theory of planned behaviour as underpinning theoretical model.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from 253 college students of a major higher education institution in Northern India were analysed by using structural equation modelling and moderated mediation analysis in AMOS 22.0 and SPSS 20.0.

Findings

Investigating why environmental concern does not significantly translate into green purchase intention, the study demonstrates that the effect of environmental concern was mediated through attitude and ethical obligation. In addition, the study also found that the effect of environmental concern on attitude was positively moderated by ethical obligation. Moreover, subjective norms were found to exhibit no direct effect on green purchase intention; rather, this effect was indirect and mediated through attitude and perceived behavioural control. The results of moderated mediation analysis further demonstrated that the indirect effect of subjective norms on green purchase intention through attitude was found conditional on the values of perceived behavioural control.

Originality/value

The study offers a valuable contribution by signifying the moderating role of ethical obligation in green purchase behaviour. It also contributes to the existing knowledge by assessing the conditional indirect effect of subjective norms on green purchase intention which is rarely examined in the literature.
Rethinking digital finance and information and communication technology (ICT) capital impacts on environmental goods trade under carbon neutrality targets
Authors: Kuang Zheng Yang , Liang Qi , Yu Feng , Hu Wenxiu , Hordofa Tolassa Temesgen , Mughal Nafeesa
Published: May 2024

Digital financial inclusion (DFI) is creating dynamics in trade credit financing and trading environmentally through rapid growth of information and communication technology (ICT). Conversely, the empirical evidence is not available to validate the contribution of ICT and DFI in promoting trade in environmental goods. Hence, this research work is an attempt to unfold the nexuses of trade in environmental goods, DFI, and ICT globally in Asia, America, and Europe, respectively. The findings infer that DFI and ICT are the primary factors boosting trade in environmental goods globally, in Asia, America, and Europe, respectively. Furthermore, environmental pollution, economic development, and education are also uplifting the trading related to environmental goods in most regions. In the light of empirical estimates, it suggests that policymakers should give ICT infrastructure and digital connectivity priority investments to maintain the accessibility and effectiveness of environmental goods trading.
Hungary: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: PAPP ZSÓFIA , GYULAI ATTILA
Published: May 2024

Both material and symbolic issues were on the national political agenda in 2023. While education, the economy and health care were the most contested policy areas, the Fidesz government continued its campaigns against LGBTQ rights, migration and liberal values. Crucially, the government and its left‐liberal opposition vehemently criticised each other for their uncritical pro‐Eastern and pro‐Western stance, respectively. Fidesz maintained its massive lead in polls, the share of undecided voters rapidly increased, while three new parties appeared in the political arena. The Hungarian government reached an agreement with the European Commission to release the largest part of the funds (€10 billion) blocked due to rule of law concerns. Additionally, the government successfully blocked the Finnish and Swedish NATO membership for the better part of the year, inviting fierce international criticism. New local election rules further accentuated the major weakness of the Hungarian opposition ahead of the 2024 local elections—fragmentation.
Unraveling the complex interplay between statistical learning and working memory in Chinese children with and without dyslexia across different ages
Authors: Zhou Mei , Zhang Puyuan , Mimeau Catherine , Tong Shelley Xiuli
Published: May 2024

The relation between statistical learning and working memory in children with developmental dyslexia (DD) remains unclear. This study employed a distributional and a conditional statistical learning experiment and a working memory task to examine this relation in 651 Chinese 6‐ to 12‐year‐olds with and without DD (NDD = 199, 101 females; NwoDD = 452, 227 females; participated 2014–2019). Results showed working memory positively associated with recognizing high‐predictable and familiar items in both groups, but negatively associated with recognizing unfamiliar items in the DD group only. These findings uncovered the complex interplay between statistical learning and working memory, demonstrating how different working memory abilities in children with and without DD relate to various statistical learning mechanisms at the item level.
Prevalence survey and psychometric measurement of vertigo and dizziness in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xu Xin‐Da , Luo Hui‐Ping , Yu Jing , Gao Na
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and psychometric properties of vertigo and dizziness in an obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) population.

Methods

Five hundred and twelve OSA patients and 53 controls were enroled. All eligible subjects were asked to complete the basic information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living (VADL‐C), the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Activities‐Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale.

Results

Among 512 enroled OSA patients, a 22.46% (115) prevalence of vertigo and dizziness was found. The scores of the VADL‐C, DHI and ABC of the study group were significantly worse (p < .001) than those of the control group, while the abnormal rates of the three scales in the study group were higher than those of the control group. In the study group, the results of the VADL‐C were correlated with those of the DHI (r = .55, p < .001) and inversely correlated with those of the ABC (r = −.50, p < .001), and the results of the DHI were inversely correlated with those of the ABC (r = −.60, p < .001).

Conclusions

A high prevalence of vertigo and dizziness in the OSA population was detected. Psychometric results showed that vertigo and dizziness in OSA patients led to changes in activities of daily living, increased frequency of somatic symptoms, and reduced balance confidence. In the diagnosis and treatment of OSA patients, the occurrence of vertigo and dizziness is worth clinicians' attention.
Autoimmune uveitis in a Thoroughbred gelding with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Plotsker Noah , Felippe M. Julia B. , Pearson Erin , Lucyshyn Danica R. , Cercone Marta , Perkins Gillian , Taylor Ryan , Musciano Ayla , Knickelbein Kelly E.
Published: May 2024

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in horses. CVID is classically characterised by persistent hypo‐ or agammaglobulinaemia, progressive B‐cell lymphopenia and lack of response to protein‐based vaccines. Uveitis has been previously described in horses with CVID, particularly due to intraocular Borrelia infection. In people, autoimmune uveitis associated with CVID is well established. This report describes a case of bilateral presumed autoimmune uveitis in a 19‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding with CVID. The diagnosis of CVID was made 8 months before the development of uveitis following recurrent episodes of bacterial pneumonia. Enucleation of the right eye was eventually performed due to severe uveitis and ocular pain refractory to medical management. Extensive infectious disease testing on aqueous humour and serum, as well as histopathology and immunohistochemistry, were performed. These diagnostics ruled out the presence of testable infectious organisms as the cause of uveitis in this immunocompromised horse. Histopathology of the enucleated globe allowed for the immunopathology of the autoimmune uveitis in this patient with CVID to be described and for an informed prognosis to be determined. This report describes the first thoroughly investigated case of autoimmune uveitis presumed to be associated with CVID in a horse.
Ecumenical Missiology
Authors: Auvinen Mari‐Anna
Published: May 2024

In this article I analyze the concept and contextuality of ecumenical missiology and its contemporary paradigms. Furthermore, I argue that the mission from the margins paradigm may construct a new method for undoing constantly increasing marginalization when understood from both its theological and philosophical points of view. This article celebrates togetherness in missio Dei as life‐giving mission of God and argues that transformation is the only hope for humankind and the churches. It was written to honour Finnish missiologist Dr Risto Ahonen on his 80th birthday.
Liberating the Colonized Body and Mind
Authors: Kemp Kendrick
Published: May 2024

The interstitial space at the intersection of race and disability is primed for a decolonial analysis. By examining the colonial history of Indigenous people and Black chattel slaves in North America, this paper will show how the contemporary definitions of race and disability are inherited social constructs created for the colonizer's utility to control the bodies and minds of those occupying and working the land the colonizer seeks to control for the private accumulation of imperial wealth. I will give examples of how socio‐cultural institutions like the church have inherited the logic of colonialism, creating ideologies of domination that must be challenged by a robust decolonial theology. Racism and ableism are the direct end product of a colonial view of the world that sees land and people as exploitable and expendable. A theology of liberation must grapple with the demands of decolonization to produce a just and equitable society.
Otherwise the Same
Authors: Coker Jason A.
Published: May 2024

The growth of religious disaffiliation in the United States over the past three decades is historically unprecedented. This article argues that disaffiliation is a form of moral protest against lingering coloniality in American global North Christianities and appeals for missiologists to adopt a decolonial lens to more effectively critique harmful religious systems and investigate exterior forms of Christianities otherwise in the North American context. The article explores existing sociological and empirical data on disaffiliation, deconversion, and religious harms to expose the moral protest of disaffiliation. Decoloniality is distinguished from postcolonialism to reveal its relevance for the subject matter and identify its method. Using examples of North American missiologies, the article demonstrates how latent forms of coloniality are preserved despite decolonizing efforts in the field and how a decolonial lens can bring new works of the spirit into focus. Finally, it briefly explores implications for future research.
Coupling drying of wet and heat field of corn pile based on porous medium model
Authors: Liu Dingtong , Liu Zeyu , Liu Shaodong , Feng Tai
Published: May 2024

Corn that are not properly dried can result in a lot of waste. Therefore, in this study, the corn pile was used as porous medium for hot air drying, and the coupling method of multiple physical fields was used to simulate and analyze the corn air‐drying silo with different initial conditions and different sizes. The results show that increasing the temperature of hot air could increase the temperature gradient inside corns and promote the evaporation of water. The higher the wind speed, the better the convective heat transfer effect between corn and air, thus improving the drying efficiency. The smaller the ratio of height to diameter of air‐drying silo, the more corn dried in the direction of hot air flow, resulting in poor drying effect. Increasing the inner diameter of the air‐drying silo will reduce the heat transfer efficiency. The lower the bed of the air‐drying silo, the closer the corns are to the hot air inlet, the faster the heating rate and the better the drying effect. The model has good performance and can be used as a mathematical tool to predict the change of maize wet heat field.

Practical applications

In order to solve the integral problem of corn drying, the model uses corn grain pile as porous medium for hot air drying. The model investigated the changes of temperature field and humidity field during the drying process of grain pile in corn air‐drying silo. In addition, the characteristics of the model introduced in this study may qualify it for automatic control of corn air‐drying silo and online prediction of drying times to achieve the desired drying effect.
Telehealth access and experiences of older adults with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons for the future
Authors: Reyes Emily , Silvis Janelle , Gandhi Monica , Shi Ying , Greene Meredith
Published: May 2024

Background

Telehealth services are proposed to improve access and retention to care for people with HIV (PWH). Yet the rapid uptake of telehealth services during the COVID‐19 pandemic created equity concerns, especially for already vulnerable populations. Older PWH may face a combination of barriers to telehealth but also stand to benefit given social isolation and the need for multimorbidity management. Few studies have focused on this population, and we aimed to assess the telehealth capability and experiences of older PWH at an urban HIV clinic.

Methods

We did this in two ways: (1) we contacted PWH aged ≥65 via telephone about telehealth capabilities and (2) we conducted focus groups with older PWH who transitioned from in‐person to virtual classes affiliated with the clinic.

Results

Among 179 PWH aged ≥65, 80 answered the telehealth questions. Among those who answered, 91% were male with a mean age of 69 (SD 3.0), and 55% were White. One‐third did not have internet access or an email address. A total of 65% had at least one telehealth‐capable device but 12.5% of respondents with a device did not know how to use it. Thirteen older PWH participated in focus groups with a mean age of 64 (SD 6.9) and 44% female. Themes were grouped into benefits (social/emotional connection and convenience) and challenges (technological barriers and missed in‐person experience).

Conclusion

Participants preferred in‐person classes but felt telehealth was a good alternative for mitigating isolation. Telehealth gave those with mobility and transportation issues improved access to supportive services. As the COVID‐19 public health emergency ends, hybrid options should be considered to improve access for older PWH and address social isolation. Ensuring equitable access to devices and digital literacy training will be critical to ensure services can be utilized.
Changes in QRS morphology during antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Ukita Kohei , Egami Yasuyuki , Nohara Hiroaki , Kawanami Shodai , Kawamura Akito , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami
Published: May 2024

We report a case of a 44‐year‐old male who underwent an electrophysiological study for symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with wide QRS complex. The SVT was diagnosed as an antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) via antegrade conduction of left‐sided accessory pathway (AP). However, the QRS morphology changed during the SVT, and then the SVT was terminated spontaneously. The mapping of AP was performed during sinus rhythm, and the radiofrequency application successfully eliminated the AP, which rendered tachycardias non‐inducible. This was a rare case of antidromic AVRT during which the QRS morphology changed.
Circadian Regulation of Leishmania Parasite Internalisation in Macrophages and Downstream Cellular Events
Authors: Carvalho Cabral Priscilla , Stegeman Sophia K. , Olivier Martin , Cermakian Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Leishmania spp. parasites use macrophages as a host cell during infection. As a result, macrophages have a dual role: clearing the parasite as well as acting as host cells. Recently, studies have shown that macrophages harbour circadian clocks, which affect many of their functions such as phagocytosis, receptor expression and cytokine release. Interestingly, Leishmania major infection in hosts was also shown to be under circadian control. Therefore, we decided to investigate what underlies the rhythms of L. major infection within macrophages. Using a culture model of infection of bone marrow–derived macrophages with L. major promastigotes, we show that the parasites are internalised into macrophages with a 24‐h variation dependent on a functional circadian clock in the cells. This was associated with a variation in the number of parasites per macrophage. The cell surface expression of parasite receptors was not controlled by the cells' circadian clock. In contrast, the expression of the components of the endocytic pathway, EEA1 and LC3b, varied according to the time of infection. This was paralleled by variations in parasite‐induced ROS production as well as cytokine tumour necrosis factor α. In summary, we have uncovered a time‐dependent regulation of the internalisation of L. major promastigotes in macrophages, controlled by the circadian clock in these cells, as well as subsequent cellular events in the endocytic pathway, intracellular signalling and cytokine production.
Trained to cut? A literature review of veterinary surgical resident training
Authors: Simons Micha C. , Hunt Julie A. , Anderson Stacy L.
Published: May 2024

A surgical residency trains veterinary graduates to a higher level of expertise in surgical procedures than is possible during veterinary school and prepares a resident to pursue board certification in surgery. The education of veterinary surgical residents has changed minimally since its inception in the twentieth century, and there are insufficient studies to determine if residency programs are producing surgeons with competence in each of the necessary procedural categories. The aims of this review were to report the current theory and methods used to provide surgical education to residents, to discuss the training most likely to create a competent, board‐certified surgeon and to review assessment methods used during training. Several literature searches using broad terms such as “veterinary surgery residency,” “veterinary surgery resident,” and “veterinary surgical training” were performed using PubMed, CAB abstracts, and Google Scholar. Literature pertinent to theory, methods, training, and assessment of veterinary surgical residents was included. The reviewed literature demonstrated the need for research‐based learning curves for specific procedures. Simulation training is known to facilitate deliberate practice and should be leveraged where possible to reach competency. The creation of validated assessment methods should be pursued as it enables assessment of competency instead of inferring its development from case logs. Understanding and supporting learner cognition and providing sufficient feedback remain important issues in the field. Surgical educators are urged to continue to search for innovative and evidence‐based ways to train competent surgical residents.
Integration of Adaptive Game-Based Learning Approach in Learning Mathematics Subject for Primary School
Authors: Hui Sung Sheau , A. Jawawi Dayang N. , Jamal Nurul N.
Published: May 2024

Mathematics is useful in everyday life particularly in solving problems. Teaching or having a good understanding in mathematics is challenging as students having different kinds of learning preferences including personalities, interests, learning abilities and needs. This study presents how an adaptive game-based learning can help in improving students’ learning mathematic experience while helping them develop an interest in learning mathematic subjects. Adaptive game-based learning provides entertainment and better engagement of the students in learning as most students love to play games during their free time. To evaluate the usefulness of adaptive game-based learning approach towards the students’ mathematic learning, an experimental study with 20 primary school students and 1 teacher from SJK(C) Pui Chi was conducted through an integrated application called ALearn. The finding shows most of the students gave positive feedback and agreed that the adaptive game-based learning approach is very helpful and useful in enhancing their learning particularly in mathematics subject.
Revolutionizing English Vocabulary Learning for Malaysian University Students through Gamified Mobile Learning
Authors: Zhe Kong Hao , Saadon Nor Azizah
Published: May 2024

Low vocabulary knowledge remains a significant challenge for Malaysian university students during their English learning journey. The traditional method of memorizing English vocabulary often feels tedious and lacks inspiration. However, the education landscape is evolving rapidly with technological advancements. Mobile learning (M-Learning) has emerged as a transformative approach, enabling students to engage with English language learning through mobile platforms, especially on smartphones. One innovative trend in education that holds great promise is the integration of gamification. This approach seeks to enhance students' motivation and active participation in the learning process. This study introduces a gamification approach to address the vocabulary challenge faced by Malaysian university students—the "EasyLearn" application. This Android-based solution leverages the power of gamification to assist Malaysian university students in acquiring English vocabulary. Employing an iterative development model, this study focuses on the gamification approach's implementation. Three iterations encompassing requirement and analysis, design, implementation, and testing were conducted. EasyLearn application was successfully deployed and aligning seamlessly with user requirements. By emphasizing gamification in English language learning, this pioneering mobile learning solution represents a significant step forward in fostering motivation and enthusiasm among Malaysian university students, ultimately transforming the way they approach vocabulary acquisition.
HSDL2 links nutritional cues to bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Samson Nolwenn , Bosoi Cristina R. , Roy Christian , Turcotte Laurie , Tribouillard Laura , Mouchiroud Mathilde , Berthiaume Line , Trottier Jocelyn , Silva Heitor C. G. , Guerbette Thomas , Plata-Gómez Ana Belén , Besse-Patin Aurèle , Montoni Alicia , Ilacqua Nicolò , Lamothe Jennifer , Citron Yemima R. , Gélinas Yves , Gobeil Stéphane , Zoncu Roberto , Caron Alexandre , Morissette Mathieu , Pellegrini Luca , Rochette Patrick J. , Estall Jennifer L. , Efeyan Alejo , Shum Michael , Audet-Walsh Étienne , Barbier Olivier , Marette André , Laplante Mathieu
Published: May 2024

In response to energy and nutrient shortage, the liver triggers several catabolic processes to promote survival. Despite recent progress, the precise molecular mechanisms regulating the hepatic adaptation to fasting remain incompletely characterized. Here, we report the identification of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase–like 2 (HSDL2) as a mitochondrial protein highly induced by fasting. We show that the activation of PGC1α-PPARα and the inhibition of the PI3K-mTORC1 axis stimulate HSDL2 expression in hepatocytes. We found that HSDL2 depletion decreases cholesterol conversion to bile acids (BAs) and impairs FXR activity. HSDL2 knockdown also reduces mitochondrial respiration, fatty acid oxidation, and TCA cycle activity. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that hepatic
Hsdl2
expression positively associates with the postprandial excursion of various BA species in mice. We show that liver-specific HSDL2 depletion affects BA metabolism and decreases circulating cholesterol levels upon refeeding. Overall, our report identifies HSDL2 as a fasting-induced mitochondrial protein that links nutritional signals to BAs and cholesterol homeostasis.
GFI1B specifies developmental potential of innate lymphoid cell progenitors in the lungs
Authors: Huang Qiutong , H. J. Cao Wang , Curio Sophie , Yu Huiyang , Denman Renae , Chen Evelyn , Schreuder Jaring , Dight James , Chaudhry M. , Jacquelot Nicolas , Wimmer Verena C. , Seillet Cyril , Möröy Tarik , Belz Gabrielle T.
Published: May 2024

Tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a vital role in the frontline defense of various tissues, including the lung. The development of type 2 ILCs (ILC2s) depends on transcription factors such as GATA3, RORα, GFI1, and Bcl11b; however, the factors regulating lung-resident ILC2s remain unclear. Through fate mapping analysis of the paralog transcription factors GFI1 and GFI1B, we show that GFI1 is consistently expressed during the transition from progenitor to mature ILC2s. In contrast, GFI1B expression is limited to specific subsets of bone marrow progenitors and lung-resident ILC progenitors. We found that GFI1B
+
lung ILC progenitors represent a multi-lineage subset with tissue-resident characteristics and the potential to form lung-derived ILC subsets and liver-resident ILC1s. Loss of GFI1B in bone marrow progenitors led to the selective loss of lung-resident IL-18R
+
ILCs and mature ILC2, subsequently preventing the emergence of effector ILCs that could protect the lung against inflammatory or tumor challenge.
The tumor-intrinsic role of the m
6
A reader YTHDF2 in regulating immune evasion
Authors: Xiao Sai , Ma Shoubao , Sun Baofa , Pu Wenchen , Duan Songqi , Han Jingjing , Hong Yaqun , Zhang Jianying , Peng Yong , He Chuan , Yi Ping , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua
Published: May 2024

Tumors evade attacks from the immune system through various mechanisms. Here, we identify a component of tumor immune evasion mediated by YTH domain–containing family protein 2 (YTHDF2), a reader protein that usually destabilizes m
6
A-modified mRNA. Loss of tumoral YTHDF2 inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival in immunocompetent tumor models. Mechanistically, tumoral YTHDF2 deficiency promotes the recruitment of macrophages via CX3CL1 and enhances mitochondrial respiration of CD8
+
T cells by impairing tumor glycolysis metabolism. Tumoral YTHDF2 deficiency promotes inflammatory macrophage polarization and antigen presentation in the presence of IFN-γ. In addition, IFN-γ induces autophagic degradation of tumoral YTHDF2, thereby sensitizing tumor cells to CD8
+
T cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Last, we identified a small molecule compound that preferentially induces YTHDF2 degradation, which shows a potent antitumor effect alone but a better effect when combined with anti–PD-L1 or anti–PD-1 antibodies. Collectively, YTHDF2 appears to be a tumor-intrinsic regulator that orchestrates immune evasion, representing a promising target for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
Risk governance and optimization of the intelligent news algorithm recommendation mechanism
Authors: Lu Yijin , Li Xiaomei , Wu Lei
Published: May 2024

With the wide application of the intelligent news algorithm in the news industry, its recommendation mechanism has become the primary way for news consumers to obtain information. This study explores the intelligent news algorithm recommendation mechanism’s risk management measures and optimization schemes. Thus, people can get transparent news information more efficiently. Firstly, the study classifies and analyzes the risks of information filtering bias, information cocoon effect, and information bubble in intelligent news algorithm recommendation mechanism and collects and introduces large-scale news data as a data source. Secondly, the intelligent news algorithm recommendation model based on the convolutional neural network is constructed. The model uses word embedding technology to transform news articles into vector representations and trains the model to learn the feature representations of news articles and the correlation between them. Moreover, the loss function and weight of the model are adjusted to improve the diversity and balance of the recommendation results. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate the model’s performance. The results reveal that the information diversity of the system model in this study is increased by 15%, and user satisfaction and the information quality index are increased by 10% and 7%. It proves the importance of diversified data sources, algorithm transparency and explainability, user feedback and participation, and balanced recommendation strategies to reduce risk and improve the performance of recommendation mechanisms. Therefore, the research results guide the practical application of the intelligent news algorithm recommendation mechanism and provide a reference for further improvement and optimization of the recommendation algorithm.
Dielectric spectroscopic study of the binary mixtures of N-Hexanol with N,N-Dimethylformamide in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 2 MHz
Authors: Chaudhary N. A. , Shah K. N. , Vaja C. R. , Rana V. A. , Prajapati A. N.
Published: May 2024

A precision LCR meter with a liquid dielectric cell was used for complex dielectric function [Formula: see text] of binary mixtures of N-Hexanol (n-HxOH) and N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) in the frequency range of 20[Formula: see text]Hz to 2[Formula: see text]MHz at 293.15[Formula: see text]K temperature. The data were utilized for various formalisms such as complex modulus spectra ([Formula: see text]), complex impedance spectra ([Formula: see text]), and complex conductivity spectra ([Formula: see text]). Complex permittivity data were fitted to the Cole–Cole Model. Different relaxation times like electrode polarization ([Formula: see text]), relaxation time ([Formula: see text]), and ionic conduction relaxation time ([Formula: see text]) were calculated and reported. Parameters like Debye Length ([Formula: see text]), Ion Mobility ([Formula: see text]), Mobile Ion Concentration ([Formula: see text]), and Ion Diffusivity (D) were determined. The study is used to determine the effect of concentration dependent on different dielectric and electrical properties of the binary mixtures.
NIR emission in Nd3+-doped Ca2KMg2V3O12phosphor for laser applications
Authors: Warutkar Gopal , Ugemuge Nilesh S. , Tumram Priya V. , Dhale Shruti P. , Pusdekar Ashvini , Nafdey Renuka , Moharil S. V.
Published: May 2024

Luminescent properties were characterized and investigated in Ca2KMg2V3O[Formula: see text] phosphor. Near infrared (NIR) emission of Nd[Formula: see text] activator in Ca2KMg2V3O[Formula: see text] host is reported for the first time. NIR emissions around 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m due to characteristic lanthanide transitions are observed. Excitation spectra reveal that the NIR emission is host-sensitized. The sample was prepared by solution combustion synthesis method. Ca2KMg2V3O[Formula: see text] is a self-activated phosphor belonging to cubic system having space group [Formula: see text] with z = 8, a = 12.5 Å. Strong host emission was observed in the blue–green region. It displays broadband emission with an intense band centered at 508[Formula: see text]nm that spans almost the whole visible light spectrum, from 400[Formula: see text]nm to 700[Formula: see text]nm due to the d–d transition of V[Formula: see text] ions in the (VO[Formula: see text] groups. The Ca2KMg2V3O[Formula: see text]:Nd[Formula: see text] phosphor showed NIR emission at 1072[Formula: see text]nm due to transition 4F[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text], for 343[Formula: see text]nm excitation. Obtained results indicate the significant potential of Ca2KMg2V3O[Formula: see text] phosphor for solid state laser applications. The strong absorption resulting from f–f transitions in the 470–890[Formula: see text]nm range makes the phosphor appropriate for a number of applications, including solar-pumped lasers.
Theoretical and numerical study on the fluctuation of the potential energy landscape
Authors: Zhi Shichao , Zhao Zengxuan , Imran Mushtaq Rana , Zhao Pengchen , Nyasulu Joelous Malamula , Wang Chunyang
Published: May 2024

The diffusion of a Brownian particle exploring a meta-stable potential energy landscape with fluctuations is studied theoretically and numerically. The inverse harmonic part of the potential is replaced by a Gaussian approximated curve in the neighborhood of the saddle point and a new type of Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm is presented to simulate the random fluctuations of the potential energy. The probability of successful barrier surmounting and terminal arrival was calculated and compared with previous results. It is shown that, the replacement we have made is reasonable for the study of diffusion, which is primarily affected by the fluctuation of the barrier height, while other variations have little influence on the diffusion process. The Gaussian permutation and random Gaussian algorithms proposed here are expected to bring new ideas to the research of more complex problems.
SINGLE-LEG SQUAT POSTURAL SWAY RELIABILITY: HOW MANY TRIALS TO ANALYZE FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN?
Authors: KWOK BOON CHONG , KONG PUI WAH
Published: May 2024

When examining postural sway measures of single-leg squat (SLS), there is a lack of consensus on how many trials are required to obtain reliable and clinically relevant data. Forty adults with chronic low back pain performed five consecutive trials of SLS for each side on a portable force plate. The left and right sides were categorized into problem and non-problem sides by Clinical Pilates assessment. SLS performance was characterized by terminal knee flexion angle, squat duration, peak vertical force and postural sway parameters. Data across five trials were first examined with repeated measures analysis of variance; variables with significant differences were further analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Using all trials as a reference, the reliability of other trial combinations was assessed to examine the potential effects of learning (2-5 squats, 3-5 squats, 4-5 squats), fatigue (1-2 squats, 1-3 squats, 1-4 squats) and steady-state (2-4 squats). For the non-problem side, postural sway measures were highly reliable ([Formula: see text]) regardless of the number of trials analyzed. For the problem side, analyzing the 1-4 squats combination offered consistently reliable results across all postural measures ([Formula: see text]). Thus, it is recommended to analyze the first four consecutive trials to obtain reliable postural sway measures.
A Comprehensive Review of Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Overview, Clinical Applications, Global Perspectives, Future Directions, and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds
Authors: Tumilaar Sefren Geiner , Hardianto Ari , Dohi Hirofumi , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: May 2024

Absorption​ of free radicals in the body cannot be done by antioxidant compounds originating from the human body, so exogenous antioxidants are required to help in their natural antioxidant action. Oxidative stress can be caused by an imbalance of free radical inhibitors and the accumulation of free radicals that enter cellular structures. Synthetic antioxidants found in external antioxidants are not the primary choice because they are harmful and carcinogenic. Therefore, using natural ingredients provides a necessary alternative to constructing novel natural antioxidants. Recent studies have highlighted critical analysis and evaluation that flavonoids are a unique class of secondary metabolites found in plants and used in communities as traditional therapeutics with proven bioactivity. This could support new discoveries based on various herbal medicines and in addition, the functional effectiveness of flavonoids as antioxidants against free radicals. In this review, there are several strengths in the discussion. First, the study takes a comprehensive approach by covering various aspects, including the properties and sources of free radicals, oxidative stress in relation to different diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the specific antioxidant mechanisms of flavonoids. Second, the focus on natural antioxidants, especially flavonoids, and also discussion about clinical applications and human studies, limitations, global perspectives, and future research directions of flavonoids compounds become references in the selection of natural medicines. But, several constraints should be considered when interpreting the findings of this review. First, the discussion about the mechanism of antioxidant compounds is only discussed in general and only takes one example of a compound (flavonoid) that has the potential as an antioxidant. Second, the lack of findings regarding the relationship between several diseases discussed with free radicals. Third, a limited number of studies investigated regarding clinical applications and human studies of some of the diseases discussed.
On the Exterior Degree of a Finite-Dimensional Lie Algebra
Authors: Shamsaki Afsaneh , Parvizi Mohsen , Erfanian Ahmad
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we define the exterior degree for a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over the field Fq and give upper and lower bounds. Also, we give some relations between this concept and commutativity degree, capability, and Schur multiplier.
Supplementary Figure 6 from LYVE-1–expressing Macrophages Modulate the Hyaluronan-containing Extracellular Matrix in the Mammary Stroma and Contribute to Mammary Tumor Growth
Authors: Elfstrum Alexis K. , Rumahorbo Annisa H. , Reese Lyndsay E. , Nelson Emma V. , McCluskey Braedan M. , Schwertfeger Kathryn L.
Published: May 2024

Figure S6 depicts scRNA-seq immune cell feature plots.
FIGURE 2 from LYVE-1–expressing Macrophages Modulate the Hyaluronan-containing Extracellular Matrix in the Mammary Stroma and Contribute to Mammary Tumor Growth
Authors: Elfstrum Alexis K. , Rumahorbo Annisa H. , Reese Lyndsay E. , Nelson Emma V. , McCluskey Braedan M. , Schwertfeger Kathryn L.
Published: May 2024

Identification and localization of LYVE-1+ macrophages in mammary tumors. A, Representative images from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of EO771 tumors from Csf1rfl/fl mice stained by H&E, and immunostained for LYVE-1 (green), HABP (magenta), F4/80 (red), and DAPI (blue; n = 5). CD45+F4/80+CD11b+LYVE-1+ macrophage count, CD45+F4/80+CD11b+LYVE-1+ macrophage count normalized to tumor weight (B), and frequency of CD206, PDPN, and TIM4 from CD45+F4/80+CD11b+LYVE-1+ macrophage subset in EO771 tumors from C57BL/6 mice (C). FlowJo generated tSNE plots from CD45+F4/80+CD11b+LYVE-1+ subset in 5-week female mammary glands (D), and EO771 C57BL/6 tumors (E). **, P < 0.01. Scale bars, 100 µm. Each dot represents one mouse.