bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Commoning the Alternatives to Commonism as an Integral Alternative to Capitalism
Authors: Hosseini S A Hamed
Published: February 2021

Any inclusive comprehension of the inner nature, deep structures,
and conflictual dynamism of capitalism is potentially a transformative
cognitive Commons. Likewise, to achieve an inclusive understanding of the
existing post-capitalist praxes and the imaginary visions of utopian futures require
cumulative, collective, and cooperative learning. Thus, theories of capital and
the post-/counter-capital alternatives can be generated and treated as the Commons.
In this paper, I argue that although there is no single/exclusive line of
historical progress beyond Capital, it is possible to create integral
theoretical frameworks for orchestrating common actions across different
alternative praxes. This becomes a strong possibility if our knowledge of the
existing or imminent post-capitalist experiences is liberated from the disintegrating
forces of the corporatized Eurocentric intellectual institutions. A transformative
scholarship in collaboration with communities of struggle is therefore
vitally needed today to generate educational Commons as a means for
establishing organic unities among alternative praxes. This in itself is a
prefigurative movement.

The political goal should then be to go beyond the localized
fragmented radical struggles without reducing their multiformity to challenge
the totalizing effects of the capitalist markets and states. The process of
building organic unities or what we may call ‘Commoning the alternatives’
requires ‘organic intellectuals’ to help post-capitalist initiatives to self-reflectively
explore and address their limitations. Therefore, Commoning the knowledge and
experiences of alternatives is a self-rectifying endeavor that translates
paralyzing assortments into collective learning processes through which each
movement becomes capable of traversing (rather than transcending) their self-inflicted
ideological boundaries and thereby of developing integral macro-political
projects to transcend capitalism; i.e. a Commonist project.
Comedy of Socio-political Tragedies in Nigerian Popular Culture
Authors: Adebisi Tunde , NWEKE-LOVE Henry , Ayeni Edidiong , Afinotan Victor , Asamu Festus
Published: February 2021

The intrinsic consequences of political actions on the
society become more obvious in a developing state like Nigeria. Nigerians have
consequently turned to comedy for relief as the country’s comedy content is
largely cantered on ridiculing inefficiencies of the government. This study,
therefore, attempted to ascertain the utility of comedy using insecurity as a
paradigm. Three (3) politically-induced contemporary comedy shows on YouTube
were analyzed using Sentiment Analysis in Nvivo and a search on “insecurity”
and/or “security” was initiated. The analysis showed a predominance of neutral
comments (53%) indicating that most Nigerians remain unperturbed about their
tragedies.
Final survey
Authors: Khuc Quy Van
Published: February 2021

Primary data, pilot survey
On introducing young children to Japanese folk monsters
Authors: Nguyen Hong-Kong T.
Published: February 2021

A brief reflection on the widespread presence of yokai images in Japanese children picture books and storytelling, and the implications of teaching young children about mystical creatures.
Tạp Chí Cộng Sản giới thiệu sách mới Văn minh làm giàu & Nguồn gốc của cải
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Ngay khi nước nhà mới giành được độc lập, Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh đã khẳng định với giới công thương kỹ nghệ Việt Nam: “Nền kinh tế quốc dân thịnh vượng nghĩa là các sự kinh doanh của các nhà công nghiệp, thương nghiệp thịnh vượng”.
Vitamin D Reduces Covid-19 Mortality and Serious Illness: An Integrated Approach to Evidence
Authors: King Eshani
Published: February 2021

This review adopts an integrated, comprehensive approach in reviewing the emerging evidence and developments from varying sources to consolidate and add to the knowledge base on vitamin D and Covid-19. Highlighting the central role of vitamin D deficiency in Covid-19 pathology mediated by an uncontrolled excess of angiotensin II and bradykinin, as well as the failure of T-cells, it builds on evidence previously reviewed in May 2020 on the role of vitamin D deficiency in Covid-19 deaths [1]. Accumulating evidence to date points strongly to vitamin D deficiency being a causal factor in the serious pathology seen with Covid-19, rather than just a contributory one. This means a paradigm shift in our perception of the role of vitamin D from being one of many potential interventions to a major causal factor in serious illness, hospitalisation, and death.
Công bố quốc tế của KHXH&NV: Năm đầu tiên vượt 1.000 bài
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Năm 2020, ngành KHXN&NV tại Việt Nam đạt những mốc quan trọng về năng suất, năng lực, và ảnh hưởng.
Sergiana Fitnisari Saba Jawa
Authors: jawa Sergiana F.saba
Published: February 2021

Perilakuseksualpranikahsudahmulaiterjadipadausiayangsangatmuda,factoryangdapatmempengaruhiperilakusekspranikahpadaremajaadalahlingkungandanmediainformasiseperdiVCD,bukudanfilm porno.paparanmediamassa,baikcetak(Koran,majalah,buku-bukuporno),maupunelektronik(tv,vcd,internet)mempunyaipengaruhsecaralangsungmaupuntidaklangsungpadaremajauntukmelakukanhubunganseksualpranikah.TujuanpenelitianiniadalahinginmelihathubunganmediapornografidenganperilakusekspranikahpadaremajadiSMU“X”Kabupatentanggamustahun2011.Jenispenelitianadalahkuantitafdenganpendekatanlintassectional.populasiadalahremajaSMU“X”Gistingsebanyak357orangdengansampel195.Ujistatisticmenggunakanchisqiuaredengananalisisregresilogisticganda(multiple
Focus group
Authors: Khuc Quy Van , Pham Phu , Tran Trung Duc
Published: February 2021

Qualitative research, questionnaires, opinions, teamwork skills
DNAJB4 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 4, encoded by DNAJB4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. DNAJB4 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of DNAJB4 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of DNAJB4 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.
Kesehatan gigi anak dengan retradasi mental dan prilaku
Authors: amanda Egi
Published: February 2021

Kesehatan gigi dan mulut menjadi salah satu bagian penting dari kesehatan tubuh secara keseluruhan. Anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) berisiko tinggi atau mempunyai kondisi kronis secara fisik, perkembangan, perilaku atau emosi sehingga memerlukan bantuan dalam menjaga kebersihan diri sendiri khususnya kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Down syndrome merupakan kelainan genetik autosomal yang sering terjadi dan disebabkan oleh kelainan kromosom trisomi 21. Kelainan ini menyebabkan ketidakmampuan dalam segala hal, termasuk menjaga kebersihan rongga mulutnya sehingga masalah dalam rongga mulut pun tidak dapat dihindari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada anak-anak penderita down syndrome. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini secara total sampling. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan di SLB YPAC Manado. Jumlah anak dalam penelitian ini adalah 12 anak. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 75% kategori baik, 16,7% kategori sedang dan 8,3% kategori buruk. Simpulan: Gambaran kebersihan gigi dan mulut sebagian besar anak penderita down syndrome di SLB YPAC Manado termasuk dalam kategori baik. Kata Kunci: kebersihan gigi dan mulut , down syndrome
OPTIMALISASI WAKAF PRODUKTIF ATASI KRISIS AIR BERSIH DI KECAMATAN SANDEN (KAB. BANTUL) DALAM PERSFEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004
Authors: Fathari Muhammad Reza , NB Fahmia Robiatun , Persada Wahdan Hilal
Published: February 2021

Letak geografis Kecamatan Sanden yang berada di dataran rendah menyebabkan rendahnya kualitas air bersih. Tanah di Sanden sudah terkena rembesan sampah dan limbah industri dari wilayah di sebelah utara. Kondisi air bersih di Sanden sudah banyak tercemar bakteri E-Coli, terlihat keruh dan berbau banger. Sehingga, kualitas air bersih di Sanden saat ini dapat dikatakan kurang memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membangun infrastruktur sumber air bersih melalui sinergitas antara Perusahaan Dagang Air Mineral (PDAM) dan wakaf produktif dengan menggunakan bantuan pihak ketiga yakni investor sebagai upaya pendukung pembiayaan infrastruktur tersebut yang dikenal dengan konsep Triangle Sinergy. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desktiptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data primer yaitu hasil observasi dan wawancara dengan Camat, Sekretaris Camat serta Kasi Ketentraman dan Ketertiban (Kasi TranTib) Kecamatan Sanden, dan Ketua Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Sanden. Hasil pembahasan menunjukan bahwa, tingkat efisiensi dan efektivitas pembangunan lebih mudah terealisasi jika menggunakan bantuan pihak investor melalui Triangle Sinergy dalam pembiayaan pembangunan infrastruktur. Model kerjasama ini adalah sinergitas antara PDAM (fasilitator air bersih), wakaf (fasilitator pembebasan lahan), dan Investor (fasilitator pembiayaan).
CD20 (MS4A1) is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the B-lymphocyte marker CD20, encoded by MS4A1 (membrane spanning 4-domains A1), was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. CD20 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of CD20 in primary tumors of the breast was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of CD20 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
BANK1 is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1, BANK1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. BANK1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of BANK1 in primary tumors of the breast was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of BANK1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Pembelajaran Bahaya Merokok Berbasis Multimedia
Authors: Uma Arniati Mori
Published: February 2021

Pengetahuantentangkesehatansangatpentingdalamkehidupanmasyarakat.Terutamanyaadalahtentangaktivitasmerokokyangsudahsangatdikenalmulaidarikalanganbawahsampaidengankalanganatas.Adaduakategoridalammerokok;perokokpasifdanperokokaktif.Masyarakat,terutamakaumlaki-lakidiIndonesia,sebagianbesaradalahperokokaktif.Merekatidakmenghiraukanbahayadarimerokokyangakanberdampakpadakesehatantubuhmereka mulaijangkapendekmaupunjangkapanjang.MetodepenelitianyangdigunakandalampenelitianiniadalahMetodeStudiPustaka.Denganmengumpulkancontohmasalah,penulismenggunakanAdobeflashCS3untukmengaplikasikannyayangeratdengankaitannyaobjekpermasalahan.HasildaripenelitaniniadalahpenulisPembelajaranBahayaMerokokBerbasisMultimedia.Pembelajarananimasiyangakandibuatolehpenulisadalahgambarantentangbahayadandampakdarirokokyangmasukkedalamtubuhmanusia,denganmenggunakantokohseoranganakyangmasihbersekolah.
Post-2018 caldera collapse re-inflation uniquely constrains Kīlauea's magmatic system
Authors: Wang Taiyi , Zheng Yujie , Pulvirenti Fabio , Segall Paul
Published: February 2021

From August 2018 to May 2019, Kīlauea’s summit exhibited unique, simultaneous, inflation and deflation, apparent in both GPS time series and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) derived cumulative InSAR displacement maps. This deformation pattern provides clear evidence that Halema`uma`u (HMM) and South Caldera (SC) are distinct reservoirs. Post-collapse inflation of the East Rift Zone (ERZ), as captured by InSAR, indicates concurrent magma transfer from the summit reservoirs to the ERZ. We present a physics-based model that couples pressure-driven flow between magma reservoirs to simulate time dependent summit deformation. We take a two-step approach to quantitatively constrain Kīlauea’s magmatic plumbing system. First, we jointly invert the cumulative displacement maps and GPS offsets for the location and geometry of the summit reservoirs, approximated as spheroidal chambers. We find that HMM reservoir has an aspect ratio of ~ 1.8 (prolate) and a depth of ~2.2 km (below surface). The SC reservoir has an aspect ratio of ~ 0.15 (oblate) and a depth of ~3.6 km. Second, we utilize the flux model to invert GPS time series from 8 summit stations. Results favor a shallow HMM-ERZ pathway an order of magnitude more hydraulically conductive than the deep SC-ERZ pathway. Further experiments indicate that the HMM-ERZ pathway is required to explain the deformation time series. Given high-quality geodetic data, such an approach promises to quantify the connectivity of magmatic pathways between reservoirs in other similar volcanic systems.
Why do we have so many different hydrological models? A review based on the case of Switzerland
Authors: Horton Pascal , Schaefli Bettina , Kauzlaric Martina
Published: February 2021

Hydrology plays a central role in applied and fundamental environmental sciences, but it is well known to suffer from an overwhelming diversity of models, particularly to simulate streamflow. We discuss here in detail how such diversity did arise based on the example of Switzerland. The case study's relevance stems from the fact that Switzerland, despite of being a small country, shows a variety of hydro-climatological regimes, of water resources management challenges, and of hydrological research institutes that led to a model diversification that stands exemplary for the diversification that arose also at larger scales. Our analysis, based on literature review, personal enquiry and an author survey, summarises the main driving forces behind model diversification. We anticipate that this review not only helps researchers from other fields but in particular also the international hydrology community to understand why we have so many different streamflow models.
Time-frequency dynamics of error monitoring in childhood: an EEG study
Authors: Morales Santiago , Bowers Maureen , Leach Stephanie , Buzzell George , Fifer William P. , Elliott Amy J. , Fox Nathan
Published: February 2021

Error monitoring allows individuals to monitor and adapt their behavior by detecting errors. Error monitoring is thought to develop throughout childhood and adolescence. However, most of this evidence comes from studies in late childhood and adolescence utilizing ERPs. The current study utilizes time-frequency (TF) and connectivity analyses to provide a comprehensive examination of age-related changes in error monitoring processes across early childhood (N=326; 50.9% females; 4-9 years). ERP analyses indicated the presence of the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) across age. Results showed no error-specific age-related changes in the ERN and the Pe. However, TF analyses suggested error-related frontocentral responses in delta and theta signal strength (power), delta consistency (inter-trial phase synchrony), and delta synchrony (inter-channel phase synchrony) between frontrocentral and frontolateral clusters–all of which increased with age. Additionally, the current study examines the reliability and effect size estimates of the ERP and TF measures. For most measures, more trials were needed to achieve acceptable reliability than what is commonly used in the psychophysiological literature. Resources to facilitate the measurement and reporting of reliability are provided. Overall, findings highlight the utility of TF analyses and provide useful information for future studies examining the development of error monitoring.
Quantifying the syntactic bootstrapping effect in verb learning: A meta-analytic synthesis
Authors: Cao Anjie , Lewis Molly
Published: February 2021

How do children infer the meaning of a novel verb? One prominent proposal is that children rely on syntactic information in the linguistic context, a phenomenon known as “syntactic bootstrapping” (Naigles, 1990). For example, given the sentence “The bunny is gorping the duck”, a child could use knowledge of English syntactic roles to infer that “gorping” refers to an action where the bunny is acting in some way on a duck. Here, we examine the strength of the syntactic bootstrapping effect, its developmental trajectory and generalizability using meta-analytic methods. Across 60 experiments in the literature (N = 849 participants), we find a reliable syntactic bootstrapping effect (d = .24). Yet, despite its theoretical prominence, the syntactic bootstrapping effect is relatively small, comparable in size to cross-situational learning and sound symbolism, but smaller than mutual-exclusivity and gaze-following. Further, we find that the effect does not strengthen over development, and is present only for studies that use transitive sentences. An examination of a range of methodological factors suggests that the effect is not strongly influenced by methodological implementation. In the General Discussion, we consider implications of our findings for theories of verb learning and make recommendations for future research.
the General Equilibrium Incidence of the Earned Income Tax Credit
Authors: Watson C. Luke
Published: February 2021

The Earned Income Tax Credit is a $67 billion tax expenditure that subsidizes 20% of all workers. Yet all prior analysis uses partial equilibrium assumptions on gross wages. I derive the general equilibrium incidence of wage subsidies and quantify the importance of EITC spillovers in three ways. I calculate the GE incidence of the 1993 and 2009 EITC expansions using new elasticity estimates. I contrast the incidence of counterfactual EITC and Welfare expansions. I quantify the effect of equalizing the EITC for workers with and without children. In all cases, I find spillovers are economically meaningful.
Test of Learning Capability Model in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Bhandari Dilliram
Published: February 2021

Learning and innovation are being threshold capabilities of modern organizations. Taking this into consideration, this study attempts to explore the learning orientation of organizational learning capability (OLC) and test a learning model in Nepalese commercial banks which have been operating in a highly competitive and volatile environment with strict regulatory frameworks. A descriptive research design has been followed to explore the state of OLC in Nepalese commercial banks. The population of this study comprised of all 27 commercial banks of Nepal and the sample frame for this study included 11 commercial banks, out of which, three were publicly-owned banks and eight were private sector banks. The informants of this study are the middle and top-level employees of the sample banks from both branch and corporate (head) offices. Altogether 415 questionnaires were distributed, out of these 265questionnaires were returned and finally, 245 responses were used for further analysis. Descriptive research design was followed to explore the state of OLC in Nepalese commercial banks. The development of the measurement model of OLC was achieved at two level sex placatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). This study proposes leaning model for Nepalese commercial banks. This is expected to give the first insight into the items and constructs to build the learning capability model for enhanced organizational effectiveness. This study also showed that Nepalese commercial banks are in poor state of OLC that shows they not oriented towards learning for building their capabilities.
Career Development Opportunity Cures for the Impairment Effect of Careerist Orientation on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: Empirical Evidences form Project Based Employees Working in Non-profit Making Organization
Authors: Bhattarai Ganesh , Pokharel Dhruba Raj , Budhathoki Prem Bahadur
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to examine the direct impact of employees‘ careerist orientation and career growth opportunities on their organizational citizenship behaviours (conscientiousness and altruism) as well as role of career growth opportunities in the relationship between careerist orientation and organizational citizenship behaviours (conscientiousness and altruism). 268employees working in non-profit making projects in Kathmandu valley were surveyed and analyzed. Quantitative analysis of multi-source measured perceptual data revealed that (1)employees‘ careerist orientation negatively impacts on organizational citizenship behavior (conscientiousness and altruism), (2) and career growth opportunities positively impacts on organizational citizenship behaviors (conscientiousness and altruism), and (3) employees career growth opportunities cure their harmful impact of careerist orientation on organizational citizenship behaviour (conscientiousness and altruism). Moreover, this study tested the different forms (effect sizes) of interactive effect of employees‘ careerist orientation and career growth opportunities to predict their organizational citizenship behaviours (conscientiousness and altruism). For example, it was tested that a relatively strong marginal negative prediction of careerist orientation on organizational citizenship behaviours (conscientiousness and altruism)was for those employees who perceive a low level of career growth opportunities. A number of theoretical and practical implications are suggested.
Exploration of Sāṁkhya Basing on Prakṛti and Puruṣa in the Śrīmad Bhāgavata
Authors: Pokhrel Mohan Kumar
Published: February 2021

The Sāṁkhya philosophy relating to Prakṛti and Puruṣa discusses the ultimate reality of the universe in the Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa. When the balanced state of Prakṛti is disturbed by Puruṣa, the process of evolution takes place in the universe. This article concentrates on the significance of Prakṛti and Puruṣa as the base of the Sāṁkhya philosophy. At the same time, it also deals with the impression of these two components of nature in this philosophy for the creation and maintenance of this universe. To analyze the Sāṁkhya philosophy relating to Prakṛti and Puruṣa, this study has been used as overall theoretical approach. It is important in order to present how the Bhāgavata reflects the use of Prakṛti and Puruṣa for the creation of theuniverse. The interpretive method is used for the exploration of Prakṛti and Puruṣa in the text.The findings of the investigation suggest that Prakṛti and Puruṣa are the bases of the Sāṁkhya philosophy and the readers should have knowledge about this philosophy of the very ancient time. The prime conclusion drawn from this research is that Prakṛti and Puruṣa are the main elements of Nature from which the creation and the existence of the universe are possible.
भाषिक परिवर्तन र नेपाली भाषा Bhashik Paribartan ra Nepali Bhasha
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane दीपकप्रसाद Dipakprasad
Published: February 2021

भाषिक परिवर्तन र नेपाली भाषा शीर्षकको यस लेखमा ऐतिहासिक विकासका सन्दर्भमा नेपाली भाषामा देखापरेकापरिवर्तित विशेषताहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । भाषा परिवर्तनशील वस्तु हो । समयक्रममा भाषाका विविधपक्षमा नयाँनयाँ प्रवृत्तिहरू देखा पर्दछन् । यस लेखमा नेपाली भाषामा यस किसिमका परिवर्तनशील विशेषताहरूकेकस्ता छन् भन्ने कुरालाई मुख्य समस्याका रूपमा लिई ती समस्याहरूको प्राज्ञिक समाधान खोज्ने प्रयास गरिएकोछ । यस अध्ययनमा भाषिक परिवर्तनसँग सम्बन्धित विद्वान् लेखकहरूका ग्रन्थहरू, अनुसन्धानमूलक लेखहरूकासाथै जनबोलीसँग सम्बन्धित तथ्यहरूलाई सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । वर्णनात्मक तथा विवरणात्मक विधिद्वारासामग्रीको विश्लेषण गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा भाषा विकासका सन्दर्भमा नेपाली भाषाका ध्वनि व्यवस्थादेखि लिएरअर्थसम्मका तहमा भएका परिवर्तनको अवस्थालाई विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसैगरी यस लेखमा नेपाली इतर अन्यभाषाहरूको प्रभावका साथै स्वयम् नेपाली भाषाकै भाषिकाहरूका प्रभावका कारण नेपाली भाषाका ध्वनि, व्याकरणतथा अर्थका तहसम्म भाषिक परिवर्तन भएको सारवस्तुलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । नेपालका अन्य भाषाका तुलनामानेपाली भाषा बढी समृद्ध र गतिशील भए पनि आधुनिकीकरणका सन्दर्भमा सरलीकरण तथा कथ्यीकरणतर्फगतिशील हुन यो भाषा परिवर्तित संरचनासहित अगाडि बढिरहेको तथ्यलाई यस अध्ययनमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।परिवर्तित हुँदै अगाडि बढ्ने सन्दर्भमा यसमा सकारात्मक तथा नकारात्मक दुवै किसिमको अवस्था देखिएको हुँदानेपाली भाषाको विकासमा भाषाविद् तथा वाङ्मयका क्षेत्रमा काम गर्नेहरूले सचेत हुनुपर्ने निष्कर्षलाई यसअध्ययनमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
खुंडो ओठ कथामा प्रजाति, क्षण र पर्यावरण 'Khudo Ooth' Kathama Prajati, Kshyan ra Paryabaran
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha लक्ष्मीकृष्ण Laxmikrishna
Published: February 2021

प्रस्तुत लेखमा समाजशास्त्रीय मान्यताका आधारमा खुँडो ओठ कथाभित्र रहेका प्रजाति, क्षण र पर्यावरणको पहिचानगरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रसिद्ध समाजशास्त्री हिप्पोलाइट एडल्फ तेनको समाजशास्त्रीय मान्यतालाई आधारमानी सोही सैद्धान्तिक मान्यतासँग समानता राख्ने यस कथाभित्रका सन्दर्भहरू उल्लेख गर्दै अध्ययन विश्लेषणगरिएको छ । विशेषतः तेनका समाजशास्त्रीय मान्यता अन्तर्गत प्रजाति, क्षण र पर्यावरणलाई यस कथाकोविश्लेषणको आधार बनाइएको छ । यस कथामा प्रस्तुत गरिएको जातिगत विविधताको अवस्थाका बारेमा केलाउनेकाम जाति शीर्षक अन्तर्गत गरिएको छ । यस कथामा प्रस्तुत भएका समकालीन नेपाली समाजको मूल्य, मान्यता,संस्कार, संस्कृतिलगायत राजनीतिक घटनालाई क्षण शीर्षकभित्र राखेर अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । त्यसै गरीपर्यावरण अन्तर्गत समाजको भौतिक तथा प्राकृतिक पर्यावरणका साथै सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा राजनीतिक पक्षपनि समेटिएको छ ।
द्वन्द्वको अवसान उपन्यासमा सीमान्तीयता 'Dwandhako Abasan' Upanyasma Simantiyata
Authors: थापा Thapa सीता Sita अधिकारी Adhikari
Published: February 2021

यस लेखमा सीमान्तीयताका आधारमा राजेश्वर देवकोटाद्वारा लिखित चर्चित द्व न्द्व को अवसान उपन्यासको प्रमुखचरित्र राधेयको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । विश्वसाहित्यमा सीमान्तीयताको आधारमा साहित्यको सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन रऐतिहासिक पुनव्र्याख्या गर्ने प्रचलन दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धपछि सुरु भएको र सन् असीको दशकदेखि सवाल्टर्न अध्ययनकोरूपमा चलेको हो भने नेपाली साहित्यमा पनि यसको प्रचलन विस्तार हँुदै गरेको अवस्था देखिन्छ । दोस्रोविश्वयुद्धपछिको विश्वमा हरेक मानव समाजसम्बद्ध विषय क्षेत्रलाई हेर्ने नवीन चिन्तन तथा दृष्टिकोणकोविकासविस्तार भएसँगै साहित्य समालोचनामा उत्तरसंरचनावादी उत्तरआधुनिक चिन्तनका रूपमा सीमान्तीयताकोआवाज पनि प्रबल बन्दै गएको हो । व्यक्ति, जाति, लिङ्ग, वर्ग, रङ, समुदाय, क्षमता, पृथकता, क्षेत्रआदिसँग सम्बद्धपक्षहरू सीमान्तीयताभित्र पर्दछन् । समाजव्यवस्थाका अवयवहरूद्वारा निर्मित विभेदकारी सामाजिक सांस्कृतिकसंरचनाहरूले सीमान्तीयको निर्माणमा अहम् भूमिका खेलेको देखिन्छ भने उपनिवेशको विस्तारवादी साम्राज्यवादीप्रभुत्ववादी चरित्रले ती वर्गका इतिहास, संस्कृति, पहिचानका सङ्केतहरू नै कतिपय अवस्थामा विलुप्तप्रायःबनाइएको देखिन्छ । हरयुगमा आवाजविहीन बनाइएका, पहिचानविहीन भएर दबाइएका, राज्य संयन्त्रमाप्रतिनिधित्वबाट वञ्चित, पहँुचविहीन, सामथ्र्यहीन भई समाजमा सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक रूपलेमूलधारबाट वहिष्करणमा परेका बहुसङ्ख्यक मानिसहरू सीमान्त वर्ग भएकाले उनीहरूको इतिहासको पुनर्लेखनहुनुपर्छ भन्ने मान्यता सीमान्तीय अध्ययनको अवधारणा हो । यस लेखको उद्देश्य मूलतः सीमान्तीयताका सैद्धान्तिकआधारहरूको पृष्ठभूमिमा रहेर द्वन्द्वको अवसान उपन्यासको मुख्य चरित्रनायक राधेयकर्णको सीमान्तीय अध्ययनविश्लेषण गर्नु रहेको छ ।
COVID-19 – Arbeiten in der Krise
Authors: Andrae Magdalena , Marín-Arraiza Paloma , Ferus Andreas
Published: February 2021

Das Schwerpunktthema der aktuellen Ausgabe der „Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare“ (VÖB) befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf das Bibliothekswesen. COVID-19 wird von verschiedenen Seiten als Chance, Herausforderung, Ernüchterung, als Ungewissheit bringendes Novum gesehen. Unberührt hat das Virus niemanden gelassen. Für manche war dies ein notwendiger Schub in Richtung Digitalisierung, für andere zeigte sich, wie stark die Tätigkeiten noch mit dem Physischen verwoben sind. Dieses Heft ging der Frage nach, was COVID-19 für den Wissenschaftsbetrieb, für einzelne Bibliotheken und Mitarbeiter*innen bedeutet.
Assessment of B2 English exam writing subtest: A quantitative analysis of the results of a pro-quality study
Authors: Leńko-Szymańska Agnieszka , Lewkowicz Jo , Żółtak Tomasz
Published: February 2021

This article reports on the quantitative results of the study which was carried out in June and September 2018 by The University of Warsaw Council for the Certification of Language Profi ciency. The study reviewed the current procedures applied in the assessment of the writing subtest, which is part of the University of Warsaw’s certification exam in English at the B2 level. The aim of the study was also to explore possible improvements to the scoring process, with the focus on its reliability and practicality.
Development of a method for serial intravesical administration of drugs in experiment
Authors: Kostiuk O. H. , Hodovan N. L. , Taran I. V. , Mashevska O. V. , Grebeniuk D. I.
Published: February 2021

The technical difficulties of serial intravesical administration of drugs are a significant problem in preclinical studies of the effectiveness of local chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the method of serial intravesical administration of drugs in the experiment. The study included 49 Wistar rats of both sexes. Five proposed methods of intravesical administration of drugs were investigated: retrograde catheterization of the urinary bladder under anesthesia, method of transcutaneous puncture of the urinary bladder in rats, intraoperative puncture of the bladder, method of subcutaneous fixation of the bladder for subsequent puncture in the experiment, method of serial intravesical administration of drugs in female rats using special catheter. The obtained data were processed using a package of statistical programs SPSS 20.0 for Windows. The disadvantage of the first technique is its trauma – each insertion of the catheter is accompanied by trauma of the urethral mucosa and associated pain. The manipulations were failed because of edema of the urethral mucosa. The manipulation should be performed under general anesthesia. The second technique also requires general anesthesia. The aggressive cytostatic action of Doxorubicin prevented the closure of the puncture hole and caused the development of complications. Sealing the bladder with a collagen plate when performing the third technique prevents the release of the drug into the abdominal cavity, however, the adhesion of the tissues of the surrounding organs to the plate promotes the formation of an adhesive conglomerate and makes further manipulations impossible. The withdrawal of the bladder from the abdominal cavity during the implementation of the fourth technique, theoretically, should have helped to avoid the complications observed during the third technique. However, insufficiently reliable fixation of the urinary and adhesions in the area of the implanted ring make this technique such that it does not correspond to the tasks set. The fifth method was the only one proposed that met all the assigned tasks. This technique made it possible to perform a series of 5 intravesical injections of Doxorubicin without general anesthesia and without the development of postoperative complications from the postoperative wound and abdominal cavity. The proposed method of serial intravesical administration of drugs in female rats using a special catheter makes it technically easy to perform serial intravesical administration of drugs without the use of general anesthesia and without the development of complications from the postoperative wound and abdominal cavity.
Fractal dimension of the cortex and white matter of human cerebellum (magnetic resonance imaging study)
Authors: Maryenko N. I. , Stepanenko O. Yu.
Published: February 2021

The cerebellum is a typical structure with fractal properties, so fractal analysis is one of the main morphometric techniques that allow a comprehensive assessment of its morphofunctional state; the development of methods for differential measurement of the fractal dimension of various components of cerebellar tissue is necessary for complex morphological examination of the cerebellum using fractal analysis. The aim of the study was to develop an algorithm for differential fractal analysis and to determine the values of the fractal dimension of the cortex and white matter of human cerebellum using the study of magnetic resonance imaging scans. Digital T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans of 30 conditionally healthy persons were used in the study. Fractal analysis of the distinct components of the cerebellar tissue was performed using the pixel dilation method. The fractal dimension values for all threshold brightness values (from 0 to 255) were determined. The confidence interval of the fractal dimension values based on the average values of the fractal dimension of the entire range of brightness values was calculated. Algorithms for image preprocessing were developed for an individual study of the different components of the cerebellum: cerebellar tissue as a whole, white matter, molecular and granular layers of the cortex. A differential fractal analysis technique has been developed to assess individual components of the cerebellar tissue. The values of the fractal dimension of white matter, granular and molecular layers of the cerebellar cortex were determined. The values of the fractal dimension of cerebellar tissue as a whole and the fractal dimension of the cerebellar cortex as a whole were the biggest. These values exceed the value of the fractal dimension of white matter. The average value of the fractal dimension (FD) for the threshold value of 80 (white matter) was 1.318±0.050, for the value of 90 (white matter and the granular layer of the cortex) was 1.568±0.028, for the value of 100 (cerebellar tissue as a whole) was 1.694±0.010. The average FD of the granular layer of the cortex (brightness range 81-90) was 1.377±0.020, the FD of the molecular layer of the cortex (brightness range 91-100) was 1.353±0.020, the average FD of the cerebellar cortex as a whole (brightness range 81-100) was 1.564±0.018. The obtained data can be used as diagnosis criteria to assess the morphofunctional state of the cerebellum using magnetic resonance imaging.
Actualización sobre el trastorno depresivo mayor
Authors: Piñar Sancho Gustavo , Suárez Brenes Gabriel , De La Cruz Villalobos Natalia
Published: February 2021

El curso del trastorno depresivo mayor es una enfermedad incapacitante, que requiere de un pronto abordaje para evitar que sus síntomas empeoren. Su fisiopatología esta explicada por distintas teorías, aunque ninguna de ellas es definitiva, es importante conocerlas para entender su abordaje. El diagnostico puede presentar un reto para el tratante ya que existen comorbilidades, otras patologías e inclusive medicamentos que pueden entorpecer el correcto diagnostico. El tratamiento de trastorno depresivo mayor busca la remisión de los síntomas y estudios han demostrado que puede ser farmacológico, psicoterapéutico o bien una combinación de ambos; siempre adecuado de manera individual a las necesidades de la persona con el trastorno depresivo.
MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION ON TRANSPORT NETWORKS
Authors: Prokudin Georgii  , Chupaylenko Оleksii  , Prokudin Оleksii  , Khobotnia Tetiana
Published: February 2021

The existing methods of reducing open transport problems to a balanced form, namely: the method of fictitious supplier / consumer, the difference method and the method of coefficients. The transport problem is a special case of the general problem of linear programming, so it is also possible to apply the most well-known method of solving problems of this class - the simplex method, pre-grafting the transport problem to the form of linear programming problem and taking into account its specificity. Experimental studies on the optimization of unbalanced freight traffic, which were obtained using the developed decision support system, allow us to conclude that the simplex method has shown high efficiency in finding optimal freight plans for both balanced and unbalanced transport problems. Analysis of the results of the use of all methods on many practical examples allows us to conclude that none of them has an absolute advantage over others. This fact is explained by the fact that each of the methods in some cases of its application showed a better result compared to the results of others.
Immune Response Role of Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Authors: Nemunaitis John , Devanaboyina Monika , Ngo Nealie , Albalawy Rakan , Filipiak Louis , Staats Hannah , Stanbery Laura , Hamouda Danae , Nemunaitis John
Published: February 2021

Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth. Established vasculature provides a supply of
nutrients and other necessary survival factors for tumor cell maintenance. In addition, immune factors with
capacity to both decrease immune activity leading to cancer suppression and to increase anticancer response
are provided via VEGF stimulated angiogenesis. However, VEGF provides more than angiogenesis
stimulation; it is itself a growth factor with activity to also decrease the stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs)
and T cells involved in anti-cancer mechanisms. As such inhibition of VEGF provides immune therapeutic
advantage. This was well demonstrated by IFN-ɣ ELISPOT assay in which T lymphocytes antitumor
response was measured against multiple myeloma cells following exposure to myeloma lysate-loaded
dendric cells. Block of VEGF lead to enhanced T lymphocyte anticancer immune response. Through
stimulation of the immune system angiogenesis inhibitors can work in conjunction with immunotherapy,
chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Recent clinical trials in advanced renal cell carcinoma, non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma have evidenced improved outcomes due to an
immune enhancing effect with angiogenesis inhibition and in particular immune checkpoint blockade
treatment.
A Case Report of Latent Peri-Partum Cardiomyopathy, Obscured by Hypertension
Authors: Mubin Muhammad , Riaz Adeel , Sheikh Muhammad Mubbashir , Umair Hafiz Muhammad , Nawaz ul Rehman Muhammad Shah , Liaqat Iram , Mubin Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a pregnancy-associated cardiac disorder, which is potentially lifethreatening and manifests as left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. The disease is rather rare and in
most patients cardiac function recovers well, but long-term morbidity and mortality are not uncommon.
Research studies suggest pregnancy-induced hormones and mediators, which cause vascular dysfunction,
trigger that peri-partum cardiomyopathy. Genetic factors are also thought to play a role in pathophysiology.
Management of peri-partum cardiomyopathy is same as cardiac failure and drugs against mediators like
prolactin are under investigations, but no proven disease-specific therapies had been reported. We report a
case of 35-year-old female who, instead of heart failure, had hypertension as sole presenting complaint of
PPCM. Complications associated with PPCM are severe progressive heart failure, arrhythmias, heart block,
cardiopulmonary block and thromboembolism. Death could be caused by worsening heart failure,
arrhythmias and cardiopulmonary block.
Right-Sided Pneumothorax Associated with Pneumoperitoneum Subsequent to Transverse Colon Perforation: Case Report
Authors: Benichou Jeremie , Benichou Jeremie , Owen C , Kolanska K , Loi V , Feray S , Bazot M , Ghebriou D , Bendifallah S , Darai E
Published: February 2021

Pneumothorax can be spontaneous or secondary to a pre-existing disorder or trauma. Pneumothorax
associated with pneumoperitoneum without thoraco-abdominal communication is a rare event poorly
described in the literature. We report the case of a 73-year-old patient undergoing abdominal debulking
surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer complicated by a pneumoperitoneum and a right-sided
pneumothorax without hernia or evidence of diaphragmatic trauma. Several physio-pathological hypotheses
have been suggested, including a potential COVID-19 infection without clear etiology. Our case report
emphasizes the possible association of pneumothorax with pneumoperitoneum related to a colon perforation
without visible diaphragmatic or mediastinal defects.
Comportamento de vacas mestiças em pastejo de capim ‘Mombaça’ e características de forragem no semiárido
Authors: Silva Janaina , De Mello Monica dos Santos , De Carvalho Rodrigo Gonçalves , Cunha Jordana , Carvalho Caio Victor Damasceno , Pimentel Adérico Júnior Badaró , Santos Júnior Dinamérico de Alencar
Published: February 2021

The objective was to evaluate four grazing intensities (10, 25, 40, and 55 cm of residue height) on the yield characteristics of Panicum maximum Jacq. ‘Mombaça’ and feeding behavior of crossbred cows under grazing in the Bahian semiarid. The design used in the experiments was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with four treatments (grazing intensity) and five repetitions (paddocks). Five crossbred cows (Holstein x Gir) with an average weight of 500 kg were used as evaluator animals. Pasture evaluations were carried out through simulated grazing every 28 days. Ingestive behavior was assessed by visual observation and the temperature of the corporal surface was measured with a digital thermometer after milking and during the grazing period of the animals. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) for total dry mass (TDM), leaves dry mass (LDM), forage accumulation rate (FAR), total dry mass supply (TDMS), and leaves dry mass supply (LDMS). The minimum percentage of leaves (P < 0.05) of 82.2% was observed at the residue height of 34.9 cm. It was observed that the Temperature and Humidity Index (ITU) was in attention and alert during the months of evaluation. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in the temperature of the corporal surface from 32.2 to 36.4 ºC, over the months of evaluation. For each increase of 5.0 cm in the residue height, an increase (P < 0.05) of 0.146 no/minute and 52.6 no/day is expected in the bit rate, respectively. For the feeding station, a reduction (P < 0.05) of 0.162 nº/minute and 58.2 nº/day is expected, respectively. The dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P < 0.05) between grazing intensities. At the grazing intensities of 40 and 55 cm, there was a variation from 3.25 to 3.50 in the body condition score (BCE). Grazing intensity of 45.2 cm (residue height) is recommended, as it allows an adequate forage yield and bites, and less displacement between feeding stations.
Avaliação do efeito analgésico do maropitant em gatas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva
Authors: Garcia Cinthia
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the analgesic effect of maropitant, compared to isolated morphine or combination of both drugs, when used as pre-anesthetic medication in elective ovariohysterectomy procedure in feline species. The physiological parameters and anesthetic plan of 18 cats in the trans-surgical period were evaluated, in addition to the behavior in 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post-surgery using the Visual Analogue Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Acute Pain in Felines for two treatment-blind evaluators. It can be concluded that the use of maropitant alone or associated with morphine had the same analgesic efficacy as morphine.
Maedi-Visna: aspectos gerais e impactos na ovinocultura
Authors: Andrade Elisa , Saraiva Naianne , Rehfeld Izabelle
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this review is to cover the different aspects of Maedi-Visna, a chronic, multisystemic disease caused by a virus of the genus Lentivirus and family Retroviridae. Small ruminants are affected, with a higher occurrence in sheep. It is widely distributed throughout the world and in Brazil, leading to serious economic problems in sheep farming. Transmission of the virus occurs mainly through the respiratory route, through aerosols, and through the digestive route with the ingestion of colostrum and milk containing the virus. Infected animals become progressively slimmer, although most of them are asymptomatic and pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis and encephalitis may be present. Because it is a chronic disease, it is more difficult to find clinical evidence, so the diagnosis should be confirmed by laboratory tests based on antibody detection or identification of the etiological agent. There are no vaccines or treatments to prevent the disease, therefore management practices should be adopted to prevent it, as discarding positive animals associated with separating offspring from positive females at birth.
O órgão de gustação dos cães domésticos (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Massari Catia Helena de Almeida Lima , Barbosa Laleska , Resende Henrique Ribeiro Alves de
Published: February 2021

This literature review aims at describing the tasting organ anatomy of dogs, because although so much is publicized about the palatability applied to animal nutrition, little is known about the anatomical structures intended for food flavors perception. The tongue is the organ in which most receptors are found for sense of taste, and the taste buds are microscopic structures associated with the fungiform, foliated and vallate papillae of the canine lingual mucosa. The gustatory pathway, constituted by a sequence of three types of neurons, connects lingual receptors to the central portion of the nervous system, allowing the animal to perceive and respond to stimuli. It is concluded that the factors described in the present work must be considered in the industrial feed manufacturing process, in order to enable dogs pleasure to feed, contributing to animal welfare.
Leishmaniose visceral canina: Revisão
Authors: Mazzinghy Cristiane , Da Fonseca Júnior José Duarte , Lopes Mazinghy Cristiane , Carolina França Erycka , Silva Pinow Ana Clara , De Sousa Almeida Katyane
Published: February 2021

Visceral canine leishmaniasis is a zoonosis that has great repercussions on animal and human health, whose etiologic agents are the protozoa of the genus Leishmania sp. The objective of the study is to carry out a review on the important aspects of the disease, such as etiologic agent, transmission and pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control, to add information in the context of small animal medical clinic.