bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RSM Optimization for the Production of Activated Carbons from Para-Wood Residue
Authors: Nitnithiphrut Pichaya , Pimsri Rangsinee , Seithtanabutara Varinrumpai
Published: November 2016

Para-wood residue was impregnated in 40% wt. of H3PO4 solution for 24 h before carbonization under different temperatures and times. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken was applied to optimize the operating conditions in producing activated carbon with high specific surface area. The effects of three variables; impregnation ratio, carbonising temperature and time on the specific surface of activated carbons were investigated. The proposed model was almost in accordance with the experimental case with correlation efficient and of 0.9653 and 0.9029, respectively. The optimal conditions were found to be 6%wt. of impregnation ratio and carbonization at 400°C for 67.27 min. The predicted surface area of produced activated carbon under these optimal conditions determined by RSM was 1069.30 m2/g. Experimental validation at these conditions was observed of 978.95 m2/g which closely agreed with the predicted value. This obtained activated carbon structure composed of mesopores and micropores with the average pore diameter of 21.71°A. This study indicated the RSM based on Box-Behnken design was the effectively method to optimize the operating condition and maximize the specific surface area of produced activated carbons.
Texture and Antioxidant Properties of Puffed Pounded-Unripe Rice Coated by Marigold Extract as Affected by Fluidized-Bed Coating Conditions
Authors: Duangkhamchan Wasan , Inchuen Sudathip
Published: November 2016

We investigated the effects of fluidized-bed coating parameters on texture and antioxidant properties of puffed pounded-unripe rice (PPUR) coated by marigold extract with variations of inlet air temperature of 50, 60 and 70°C and coating solution feed rate of 5, 7.5 and 10 ml/min. The results showed that increasing inlet air temperature tended to reduce the hardness of coated PPUR, while the adverse effect was found with increasing feed rate. Both parameters did not significantly affect the crispiness. We also found that fluidizing air temperature and feed rate significantly affect total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and their antioxidant activities. Higher feed rate slightly increased TPC and antioxidant activities as determined by DPPH and FRAP assays, but not for TFC. As mostly found in medicinal plants, all antioxidant properties decreased when temperature increased. Based on the amount of TPC and TFC and their antioxidant activities, we recommend low inlet air temperature and high feed rate to improve health benefits of puffed pounded-unripe rice as a breakfast cereal. However, agglomeration must be concerned when using high feed rate.
Effects of Surface Hydrophobicity on Functionalization of Oleic Acid on Bombyx mori Silkworm Cocoons
Authors: Jetsrisuparb Kaewta , Pooritorn Krit , Maungsean Apisit , Kasemsiri Pornnapa , Cao Trinh , Chindaprasirt Prinya
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study is to provide a method which allows introduction of functional groups onto silk cocoon surface. Plasma irradiation is straight-forward, relatively noninvasive and requires minimal chemical reaction steps to alter surface hydrophilicity of polymeric materials. Introduction of oleic acid on pristine and air-zero irradiated silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoons was carried out via acid-catalyzed esterification. The reaction was confirmed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Functionalization of oleic acids onto silkworm cocoons favors hydrophilic surface. In addition to the acid-catalyzed esterification, amide hydrolysis takes place as a side reaction. This reaction leads to formation of hydrophilic carboxylic acids and amines. The change in hydrophilic functionalities leads to an increase in cocoon wettability as confirmed by contact angle measurements.
Effect of Small Amount BaTiO3 on Properties of K0.02Na0.98NbO3 Ceramics with Various Sintering Temperature Prepared by Molten Salt Method
Authors: Warangkanagool Chompoonuch
Published: November 2016

In the research, the properties of potassium sodium niobate – barium titanate [(1-x)K0.02Na0.98NbO3–(x)BaTiO3: (1-x)KNN–(x)BT] ceramics prepared by molten salt method with various molecular weight of BT or x are 0 and 0.05 were investigated. The calcined powders of pure K0.02Na0.98NbO3 and (0.95) K0.02Na0.98NbO3-(0.05) BaTiO3 were pressed and sintered at 1250 – 1325 °C and 1225 – 1300 °C for 2h, respectively. It was found that, the samples showed phase structure changing from monoclinic to orthorhombic with small amount BaTiO3 addition. The densification of K0.02Na0.98NbO3 ceramics and dielectric properties were improved with the addition of BaTiO3. The (0.95)K0.02Na0.98NbO3–(0.05)BaTiO3 ceramics sintered at 1250 °C showed maximum density and dielectric constant (∼8035), which was even comparable with that of K0.02Na0.98NbO3 ceramics sintered at 1225 – 1300 °C.
Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in High-Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Tho-In Tawatchai , Sata Vanchai , Cao Trinh , Chindaprasirt Prinya
Published: November 2016

The comparison results of using crushed limestone (NA) and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) as coarse aggregates in high-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete with and without temperature curing are presented. Local river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.1, sodium hydroxide solution concentrations of 8, 12, and 16 Molar, and sodium silicate were used to produce geopolymer concrete (GC). The curing was separated in two conditions: the first was cured at ambient temperature (AT) and another was cured at temperature of 60°C for 48 hrs. (CT). The compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and ultra pulse velocity of GC were investigated at age 7 days. The results found that RCA could be use as coarse aggregate in GC. The thermal conductivity increased with the increasing of compressive strength. Curing at 60°C yielded compressive strength about 3 times higher than that of AT. However, both AT and CT curing, GC containing RCA had thermal conductivity and ultra pulse velocity lower than those of containing NA.
Utilization of Kelut’s Volcanic Ash as the Aggregate Mixture of Concrete Brick
Authors: Salamah Siti , Maryudi
Published: November 2016

Kelut volcano had erupted in February 2014. The eruption has produced various materials i.e. ash, sands, etc. Volcanic ash contains various elements such as Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Na and P. It is potential to be used as raw material for cement-based products. This study investigates the utilization of Kelut’s volcanic ash as the raw material of cement-brick. The Kelut’s volcanic ash was analyzed to determine the contents of iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and silica (Si). The volcanic ash was screened to obtain 100 mesh size of ash. The volcanic ash of 100 mesh size was mixed with cement, sand, and water with ratio of 1 kg cement, 2 kg volcanic ash, and 15 kg sand (1 :2 :15). The mixture of volcanic ash, sand and cement was poured and pressed in the concrete brick mold. The concrete brick was then aerated in a room for hardening process. The experiment was repeated for another ratio of raw material (cement: volcanic ash: sand = 2:1:15) and the age of the concrete brick (46, 61, 75 and 89 days). Concrete bricks were analyzed to determine the quality and the mechanical characteristics. The results has shown that Kelut’s volcanic ash has a composition of aluminum (Al) 4.707%, silica (SiO2) 23.4%, and iron (Fe) 3.85%, that is like the composition of the cement materials. The concrete bricks which are made of cement, Kelut’s volcanic ash, and sand with the ratio of 2:1:15 has a maximum compression strength of 18.85 MPa at the age of 89 days. The addition of Kelut’s volcanic ash has improved the strength of concrete brick. However, too much volcanic ash will lead to increasing compression strength.
Properties of Cassava Starch-Based Foam Composite Containing Sugarcane Fiber and Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil
Authors: Ketkaew Surachade , Kasemsiri Pornnapa , Pongsa Uraiwan , Hiziroglu Salim
Published: November 2016

Properties of biodegrdable trays manufactured from cassava starch, sugarcane fibers and Origanum vulgare L. essential oils (OEO) were used as additives. The effect of these additives on water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), the density and thermal analysis of the starch trays was determined. Based on the experimental results, the cassava starch incorporated with 8% essential oils and sugarcane fiber exhibited outstanding water resistance, comparing with those of polystyrene foam. It shows that the addition of OEO would have potential to enhance dimensional stability of the trays made from cassava starch.
Effect of Bio-Fibrils Incorporating with TiO2 on the Properties of Natural Rubber Foam
Authors: Seerod Kanokwan , Sangjumpa Jantaravan , Seithtanabutara Varinrumpai
Published: November 2016

In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) was pretreated and bleached with 2.5 M NaOH at 80°C for 8 h and ClNaO for 12 h, respectively. Then it was hydrolyzed in the acid mixture of 5%wt. C2H2O4 and 48%wt. H2SO4 for 24 h. The obtained bio-fibrils and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were filled into the natural rubber latex (NRL) with the help of vulcanizing agent, antioxidant, accelerators, curing agent and gelling agent to get the resulted natural rubber (NR) foams. The morphology properties and physical properties of all foam samples were checked by using scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine, respectively. The properties of EFB fibers and bio-fibrils were also compared. The density of prepared foams was found out. Resulted showed that the bio-fibrils have the smooth surface with smaller size than BFB fibers. Addition of these bio-fibrils and TiO2 particles into NRL latex contributed the significant improvement of density and physical strength of the resulted foams. The composite foam containing 1.0 phr of bio-fibrils and 2.5 phr of TiO2 had the highest value of density and tensile stress.
Preparation and Characterization of Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Waste Plastic Blended with Virgin Styrene Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Thuong Nguyen Thi , Mao Nguyen Dang , Phuong Quynh Bui Thi , Bach Long Giang
Published: November 2016

In this research, the effect of adding a virgin Styrene Butadiene rubber (SBR) on the morphology and properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) waste plastic has been investigated. The blends were prepared by melting method and characterized by means of mechanical testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimatric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The obtained results indicated that virgin SBR phase dispersed efficiently, effectively in the ABS matrix and impact strength along with thermal resistance of the blends significantly improved. Thus, investigated results in this work will open promising approach for recycling ABS waste plastic.
Concentration and Temperature Dependences of Effective Ethanol Vapor Permeance of Plastic Films Utilized in Controlled Release-Based Active Packaging for Horticultural Products
Authors: Utto Weerawate , Pruthtikul Rittirong , Malila Patcharee , Noomhorm Athapol , Bronlund John E.
Published: November 2016

In the present work effective film permeances to ethanol vapor (FPE) of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Nylon/PE films were determined in relations to ethanol vapor concentrations and storage temperatures (10°C and 25°C). The FPE was characterized using the isostatic and the gravimetric methods. The values of FPE show dependences on both storage temperatures and ethanol vapor concentration (0.25-3.17 mol⋅m-3). Experimental data on FPE were well predicted with the exponential growth model with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value in a range of 0.0002-0.005. At comparable ethanol vapor concentration, research findings show that (i) average permeances of LDPE were higher than those of Nylon/PE, and, (2) the effective permeances measured at 10°C, for each films, were higher than those measured at 25°C, except the permeance of LDPE film measured at 10°C using 0.6-0.7 mol⋅m-3 was lower than that measured at 25°C.
The Utilization of Boiler Fly Ash for Treatment of Wastewater Color by Adsorption Process: Case Study for Pulp and Paper Industry
Authors: Ngernyen Yuvarat , Laungphairojana Atip , Nikronsangkhaphinit Thitima , Kaewketkam Sinsupa
Published: November 2016

This research aimed to investigate the possibility of utilizing coal fly ash and eucalyptus fly ash from boilers in pulp and paper industry as adsorbents for color removal of biological treated wastewater. The physical properties of fly ash such as pore properties (surface area, pore volume and average pore size), thermal degradation and functional group were analyzed. The results showed that both types of fly ash were mesopore adsorbents. The percentage of color removal increased with the increasing of amount of adsorbent. The maximum percentage of color removal for amount of adsorbent at 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g are 76%, 86%, 90% and 94%, respectively. The adsorption reaches equilibrium at 48 hours for all experiments. The adsorbents were reused and the experiments showed that the adsorbent can be reused twice without any regeneration before the percentage of color removal went below the target number of industry at 58%. The scale up of adsorption process was also studied. The experimental results showed that increasing amount of adsorbent and adsorbate 2 to 10 times do not have any significant effect on the percentage of color removal. The coal fly ash yielded higher percentage of color removal (90%) than eucalyptus fly ash (82%).
Measurement Methods of Friction Coefficient for Plastic Deformation of Metals under High Strain Rate
Authors: Ma Jian Ping , Yang Lian Fa
Published: November 2016

This paper introduces some representative measurement methods of friction coefficient for plastic deformation of metals under high strain rate both in our country and abroad in recent years, and mainly includes several measurement methods of friction coefficient based on the upsetting, forging, extrusion and tube hydroforming. Furthermore, the working principles, applicable occasions and technical characteristics of these methods are explained, and the development of these methods in the future are presented.
Observation of Fatigue Fracture on PEEK Shaft against Alumina Bearing’s Ball under One-Point Rolling Contact
Authors: Koike Hitonobu , Yamaguchi Genya , Mizobe Koshiro , Kashima Yuji , Kida Katsuyuki
Published: November 2016

Tribological fatigue failure of the machined PEEK shaft was investigated through the one-point type rolling contact fatigue test between a PEEK shaft and an alumina ball, in order to explore fatigue fracture mechanism of frictional parts working at high frequency in various mechanical elements. Due to Hertzian contact of cyclic compressive stress, the subsurface crack occurred within approximately 300 μm depth from thesurface and propagated along the rolling direction. After that, the subsurface crack propagation direction changed toward the surface. The flaking occurred on the raceway of the PEEK shaft when the subsurface crack reached to the PEEK shaft surface.
Optimization of the Isothermal Forging Process of a Spur Bevel Gear
Authors: Zhao Xin Hai , Liu Dan Dan , Wang Xing Hui , Wu Xiang Hong
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the optimization of the parameters of the isothermal forging technology to form spur bevel gear was studied. The goal of the optimization is to decrease the forming load during the process. Then, some factors included the ratio of height to diameter of billet, thickness and position of punching recess, deformation temperature and velocity were taken as the optimization values and the orthogonal experimental method was employed to carried out the optimization. After the optimization, a set of optimum technology parameters were obtained. The result demonstrates that the precise spur bevel gear can be formed with less forming load and without causing under-filling and folding defect by using the isothermal forging and choosing suitable parameter, which provides reference to form the spur bevel gear.
Fabrication of Cu@Sn Core-Shell Structured Particles and the Application in High Remelting Temperature Bonding
Authors: Hu Tian Qi , Chen Hong Tao , Li Ming Yu
Published: November 2016

A novel solder bonding material for high-temperature applications based on Cu@Sn core-shell structured particles was developed, and the fabricated Cu@Sn particles were compressed into preforms for die attachment. The reflow temperature for this bonding material could reached as low as 260°C due to the low melting temperature of the outer Sn layer. However, after reflow soldering, the resulting interconnections can withstand a high temperature of at least 415°C, outer Sn layer completely transformed into Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with high remelting temperatures. The formed bondlines exhibit good electrical conductivity due to the low porosity and the embedded Cu particles in the interconnections. Furthermore, the interconnections also exhibit excellent reliability under thermal shock cycling from-55°C to 200°C. This die attach material is suitable for power devices operating under high temperatures or other harsh environments.
Influence of High-Temperature Ageing on Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Steel Clad Plate Welded Joints
Authors: Wang Zhi Ling , Li Xiang
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the mechanical properties of welded joints of Q345R/304 stainless steel clad plates after high temperature ageing were studied. E309Nb welding rod, ER310 welding wire, and ER309L welding wire were used as cladding filling materials, and ER50-6 welding wire was used as base-layer filling material. The mechanical properties of welded joints were characterized by micro-hardness measurement and mechanics performance testing respectively, after ageing treatment at 600°C for 100 hours. Test results showed that there was lower carbon diffusion in the ER309L joint-base layer and transition layer than those of other two joints after high temperature ageing, and the hardness value had little change around ER309L joint-fusion zone. The microstructure of ER309L joint-fusion zone was different from that of other two joints. The impact test after high temperature ageing indicateed the impact toughness of three welding joints decreased obviously, and the weld zone of ER309L joint presented a worst toughness, which leded to the occurrence of brittle fracture.
Methods for Obtaining Forming Limit Diagrams of Material Defects
Authors: Zhao Qi Wen , Yang Lian Fa
Published: November 2016

Forming limit is one of the important indexes to evaluate the formability of materials. In a variety of methods of evaluating the formability of materials, the forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most intuitive and effective, and the most widely used. There are many methods to obtain the forming limit diagram. This paper mainly introduces the methods for obtaining the forming limit diagram of the material defects, and material defects are classified into three categories: geometric defects, defects in organization structure and material constitutive defects, and the methods for obtaining forming limit diagram based on these three kinds of defects is analyzed and summarized.
IgA Complexes in Plasma and Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via FcαRI
Authors: Aleyd Esil , Al Marjon , Tuk Cornelis W. , van der Laken Conny J. , van Egmond Marjolein
Published: November 2016

Autoantibodies, including rheumatoid factor (RF), are an important characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interestingly, several studies reported a correlation between the presence of IgA autoantibodies and worse disease course. We demonstrated previously that triggering the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI) on neutrophils results in neutrophil recruitment and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Because this can lead to tissue damage, we investigated whether IgA immune complexes in plasma and synovial fluid of RA patients activate neutrophils. RF isotypes were measured with ELISA, and immune complexes were precipitated using polyethylene glycol 6000. Isolated neutrophils were incubated with immune complexes, and activation and release of NETs were determined in the presence or absence of FcαRI-blocking Abs. Plasma and SF of RA patients contained IgM, IgG, and IgA RFs. Patient plasma IgA RF and IgM RF showed a strong correlation. No uptake of IgM and minimal endocytosis of IgG immune complexes by neutrophils was observed, in contrast to avid uptake of IgA complexes. Incubation of neutrophils with immune complexes resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as the release of NETs, lactoferrin, and chemotactic stimuli. Importantly, activation of neutrophils was reduced when FcαRI was blocked. Neutrophils were activated by IgA immune complexes, which suggests that neutrophils play a role in inducing joint damage in RA patients who have IgA autoantibody complexes, thereby increasing the severity of disease. Blocking FcαRI inhibited neutrophil activation and, as such, may represent an additional attractive novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA.
Diversity of Antiviral IgG Effector Activities Observed in HIV-Infected and Vaccinated Subjects
Authors: Huang Yunda , Ferrari Guido , Alter Galit , Forthal Donald N. , Kappes John C. , Lewis George K. , Love J. Christopher , Borate Bhavesh , Harris Linda , Greene Kelli , Gao Hongmei , Phan Tran B. , Landucci Gary , Goods Brittany A. , Dowell Karen G. , Cheng Hao D. , Bailey-Kellogg Chris , Montefiori David C. , Ackerman Margaret E.
Published: November 2016

Diverse Ab effector functions mediated by the Fc domain have been commonly associated with reduced risk of infection in a growing number of nonhuman primate and human clinical studies. This study evaluated the anti-HIV Ab effector activities in polyclonal serum samples from HIV-infected donors, VAX004 vaccine recipients, and healthy HIV-negative subjects using a variety of primary and cell line–based assays, including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition, and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Additional assay characterization was performed with a panel of Fc-engineered variants of mAb b12. The goal of this study was to characterize different effector functions in the study samples and identify assays that might most comprehensively and dependably capture Fc-mediated Ab functions mediated by different effector cell types and against different viral targets. Deployment of such assays may facilitate assessment of functionally unique humoral responses and contribute to identification of correlates of protection with potential mechanistic significance in future HIV vaccine studies. Multivariate and correlative comparisons identified a set of Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition and phagocytosis assays that captured different Ab activities and were distinct from a group of ADCC assays that showed a more similar response profile across polyclonal serum samples. The activities of a panel of b12 monoclonal Fc variants further identified distinctions among the ADCC assays. These results reveal the natural diversity of Fc-mediated Ab effector responses among vaccine recipients in the VAX004 trial and in HIV-infected subjects, and they point to the potential importance of polyfunctional Ab responses.
Identification and Function of Fibrocytes in Skeletal Muscle Injury Repair and Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Zhao Wanming , Ransohoff Richard M. , Zhou Lan
Published: November 2016

We identified and characterized the function of CD45+/collagen I+ fibrocytes in acutely injured skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and Ccr2−/− mice, and in quadriceps and diaphragm muscles of mdx5cv mice, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Fibrocytes were not detected in peripheral blood of WT mice after acute muscle injury or mdx5cv mice. Fibrocytes were detected in acutely injured muscles and in mdx5cv quadriceps and diaphragm muscles. These cells expressed F4/80 and CCR2, and they were mostly Ly6Clo. They expressed a low level of collagens but a high level of profibrotic growth factors as compared with i.m. fibroblasts. Fibrocyte expression of collagens and profibrotic growth factors was not increased in Ccr2−/− mice as compared with WT controls. Fibrocyte expression of both proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines was significantly higher in mdx5cv diaphragm than in mdx5cv quadriceps. In cocultures, fibrocytes from the mdx5cv diaphragm stimulated a higher level of fibroblast expression of extracellular matrix genes than did those from the mdx5cv quadriceps. Our findings suggest that i.m. fibrocytes most likely originate from infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and differentiate within injured muscles. They likely contribute to the normal muscle injury repair by producing growth factors. They do not appear to contribute to the persistent muscle fibrosis associated with poor injury repair in Ccr2−/− mice. However, they likely contribute to the persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis in the mdx5cv diaphragm.
Cardiovascular imaging in South Africa: Is the heartache easing?
Authors: Scholtz Leonie
Published: November 2016

There is an escalation in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The radiology community of South Africa plays an important role in curbing this epidemic. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is now regarded as a very important tool in our diagnostic armamentarium, and in this issue some of the established applications, as well as exciting new developments, are discussed.
Pneumatosis intestinalis: Diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided puncture
Authors: Yakoob Rafie A. , Sharma Manik , Wani Hamid U.
Published: November 2016

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) has been found in association with multiple benign and life-threatening conditions. Primary PI is a benign idiopathic condition in which multiple thin-walled cysts develop in the colon. Most often, this form has no symptoms and is detected incidentally during radiography or endoscopy for other reasons. When the cysts protrude into the lumen, they may mimic polyps or carcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis before attempting polypectomy or snare biopsy of the lesions.
Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués : approche méthodologique
Authors: Blanchard Claire , MOSZKOWICZ Pierre , Sanchez Florence
Published: November 2016

The specific objective of this study was to characterize the mobility of metals from contaminated soils through laboratory testing. A complete review of leaching/ extraction tests was carried cut in collaboration with the French normalization commetee Afnor). The selected leaching tests (sequential extractions, single extractions, column test and Compact Granular Leach Test) were performed on an artificially contaminated soil (fresh and aged) and an industrial soil containing As, Cr, Pb, Zn. The obtained results allowed to set up a methodology for assessing metal potential mobilisation from contaminated soils.

Ce travail vise à caractériser la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques contenus dans les sols pollues. Une revue exhaustive des tests de lixiviation existants a permis l’élaboration de fiches techniques, présentées sous forme de guide critique et discutées dans le cadre d’une commission Afnor. Apres une étude préliminaire des interactions sol-métaux sur sol naturel, des tests sélectionnes (extractions séquentielles, extractions simples, colonne de perco-lixiviation et Compact Granular Leach Test) ont été expérimentés sur un sol artificiellement pollue (As, Cr, Zn) ≪ frais ≫, puis vieilli, et un sol industriel contenant des métaux (As, Cr, Pb, Zn). La comparaison des résultats obtenus a permis de proposer une méthodologie de caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques contenus dans les sols pollues, nécessaire pour une évaluation approfondie des risques environnementaux.
Initial shifts in nitrogen impact on ecosystem carbon fluxes in an alpine meadow: patterns and causes
Authors: Song Bing , Sun Jian , Zhou Qingping , Zong Ning , Niu Shuli
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The rising nitrogen (N) deposition could increase ecosystem net carbon (C) sequestration by stimulating plant productivity. However, how net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and its components respond dynamically to rising N deposition is far from clear. Using an N addition gradient experiment (six levels: 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 gN m−2 year−1) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, we explored the responses of different ecosystem C fluxes to an increasing N loading gradient and revealed mechanisms underlying the dynamic responses. Results showed that NEE, ecosystem respiration (ER), and gross ecosystem production (GEP) all increased linearly with N addition rates in the first year of treatment, but shifted to N saturation responses in the second year with the highest NEE (−7.77 ± 0.48 µmol m−2 s−1) occurring under N addition rate of 8 gN m−2 year−1. The saturation responses of NEE and GEP were caused by N-induced accumulation of standing litter, which limited light availability for plant growth, under high N addition. The saturation response of ER was mainly due to decreases in aboveground plant respiration and soil microbial respiration under high N addition, while the N-induced reduction in soil pH caused declines in soil microbial respiration. We also found that various components of ER, including aboveground plant respiration, soil respiration, root respiration, and microbial respiration, responded differentially to the N addition gradient. The results reveal temporal dynamics of N impacts and the rapid shift of ecosystem C cycle from N limitation to N saturation. These findings are helpful for better understanding and model projection of future terrestrial C sequestration under rising N deposition.
Prior Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization: A Risk Factor for Surgical Site Infections Following Decolonization
Authors: Ramos Nicholas , Stachel Anna , Phillips Michael , Vigdorchik Jonathan , Slover James , Bosco Joseph A.
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) decolonization regimens are being used to mitigate the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). However, their efficacy is controversial, with mixed results reported in the literature.

Methods:

Before undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), or spinal fusion, 13,828 consecutive patients were screened for nasal S aureus and underwent a preoperative decolonization regimen. Infection rates of colonized and noncolonized patients were compared using unadjusted logistic regression. An adjusted regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for SSI.

Results:

The rate of SSI in colonized patients was 4.35% compared with only 2.39% in noncolonized patients. In our TKA cohort, unadjusted logistic regression identified S aureus colonization to be a significant risk factor for SSI (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; P < 0.001). After controlling for other potential confounders including age, body mass index, tobacco use, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score, an SSI was 3.8 times more likely to develop in patients colonized with S aureus (OR, 3.8; P = 0.0025). The THA and spine colonized patients trended toward higher risk in both unadjusted and adjusted models; however, the results were not statistically significant.

Discussion:

The results of our study suggest that decolonization may not be fully protective against SSI. The risk of infection after decolonization is not lowered to the baseline of a noncolonized patient.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV
Scrotal recurrence of germ cell tumour in a non-violated scrotum
Authors: Li Jenny , Power Nicholas
Published: November 2016

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in males aged 15‒30 years. For over a century, radical inguinal orchiectomy has been the standard of care for initial treatment of testicular cancer. This approach is preferred over trans-scrotal interventions, in an effort to avoid tumour seeding, spermatic cord invasion, and disturbance to lymphatic drainage. Scrotal violation is defined as any trans-scrotal intervention that may impact spread of disease in testicular cancer, including scrotal orchiectomy, fine-needle aspiration, and testicular biopsy. Studies have shown statistically significant differences in local recurrence rates between patients who undergo the standard inguinal surgical approach and cases with scrotal violation.Over 95% of testicular cancers are curative, often with surgery alone. Recurrence of disease is divided into two categories: local and distant sites. Local recurrence of testicular cancer involves the scrotal and inguinal regions, including superficial inguinal lymph nodes. More commonly, local recurrence is seen in cases of testicular cancer with scrotal violation. We describe a case of local recurrence of testicular cancer in a non-violated scrotum,
The impact of day of surgery on the length of stay for major urological procedures
Authors: Nason Gregory J. , O'Connor Eabhann M. , O'Neill Cathleen , Izzeldin Omer , Considine Shane W. , O'Brien M. Frank
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Surgery performed later in the week has been associated with longer length of stay (LOS). The aim of this study was to assess if the day of the surgery impacted the LOS for two major urological procedures in a tertiary referral university teaching hospital.Methods: A retrospective review was performed of two major urological procedures consecutively performed by a single surgeon in our unit from March 2012 to December 2015. Patient demographics, histopathological characteristics, operative details, and LOS were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Procedures performed on Monday or Tuesday were defined as early in the week and procedures performed on Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday were defined as late in the week.Results: During the study period, 140 open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and 42 open partial nephrectomy (OPN) procedures were performed. There was a significant difference in median LOS for major urological procedures performed early in the week compared to late in the week (3 [3‒4] days vs. 4 [4‒5] days; p= 0.0001). There was a significant difference in median LOS for ORP performed early in the week compared to late in the week (3 [3‒4] days vs. 4 [4‒5] days; p= 0.0004). There was a similar significant difference in OPN performed early in the week compared to late in the week (4 [3‒5.5] days vs. 5 [4‒5] days; p= 0.029).Conclusions: The day of surgery impacts LOS for major urological procedures. Major procedures should be performed early in the week, when it is feasible to facilitate prompt safe discharge and better use of hospital resources.
Management of adult concealed penis using a meshed, split-thickness skin graft
Authors: Boonjindasup Aaron , Pinsky Michael , Stewart Carrie , Trost Landon , Chaffin Abigail , Jansen David , Hellstrom Wayne
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Concealed penis (CP) is a rare problem faced by urologists and plastic surgeons. CP occurs secondary to trauma, obesity, or infection. Surgical treatment is individualized and based on patient and provider variables. We aim to review our recent experience using meshed split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) for CP management.Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent STSG for CP at our institution. Records were reviewed for demographic, operative, and postoperative variables. Preoperative and postoperative photos were obtained to monitor cosmetic results.Results: Eleven patients underwent CP release with meshed STSG placement. All cases showed improved functional phallic length and good cosmetic results, regardless of etiology.Conclusions: STSG is a viable option for penile coverage for management of this difficult-to-treat CP population. This primary or salvage modality offers excellent cosmetic results and may be used following prior reconstructive attempts.
Relationship between Gleason score and apparent diffusion coefficients of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Kim Tae Heon , Kim Chan Kyo , Park Byung Kwan , Jeon Hwang Gyun , Jeong Byung Chang , Seo Seong Il , Lee Hyun Moo , Choi Han Yong , Jeon Seong Soo
Published: November 2016

Introduction: We assessed the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and pathological Gleason score (GS) of prostate cancer patients.Methods: A total of 125 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were included in this study. ADC values were compared with different GS. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis and determined the ADC cutoff value to differentiate tumours with a GS of 6 from those with a GS ≥7.Results: We identified 34 patients (27.2%) with a GS of 6; 33 patients (26.4%) with a GS of 7; 22 patients (17.6%) with a GS of 8; and 36 patients (28.8%) with a GS of ≥9. The mean ADC value for disease with a GS of 6 was 0.914 ± 0.161 x10-3 mm2/s; GS of 7: 0.741 ± 0.164 x10-3 mm2/s; GS of 8: 0.679 ± 0.130 x10-3 mm2/s; and GS of ≥9: 0.593 ± 0.089 x10-3 mm2/s. An ADC value of 0.830 ×10−3mm2/s was the best cutoff value to identify prostate cancer with a GS of 6.Conclusions: We observed an inverse relationship between GS and ADC value. Moreover, a cutoff ADC value may help differentiate disease with a GS of 6 from disease with a GS ≥7.
Integrando QR Code na educação na EJA: um projeto-piloto voltado para entendimento da língua portuguesa
Authors: Bastos Deise Luana Rosa , Rapkiewicz Clevi , Benvenuti Juçara
Published: November 2016

Integrar dispositivos móveis no processo de ensino e aprendizagem é um desafio, particularmente na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Neste artigo apresentamos e analisamos um projeto-piloto desenvolvido na EJA de Ensino Médio do Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS integrando as áreas de Língua Portuguesa e Cultura Digital. Os sujeitos envolvidos no projeto integraram QR-Code para codificação de expressões da língua portuguesa, disponibilizando-os para consulta para alunos do ensino regular. A integração resultou positiva no que concerne às possibilidades de letramento digital dos sujeitos envolvidos envolvendo dispositivos móveis bem como na ampliação do domínio de aspectos linguísticos da Língua Portuguesa.
Metodologia Ágil Scrum em uma Disciplina de Engenharia de Software
Authors: Andrade Breno , Brito Moara , Lima Crescencio
Published: November 2016

As metodologias ágeis de desenvolvimento de software destacam-se principalmente por darem prioridade ao desenvolvimento de funcionalidades através de código executável ao invés da produção de extensa documentação escrita, apresentando respostas rápidas às mudanças. Devido a este contexto, este trabalho busca relatar a aplicação da metodologia ágil Scrum em um ambiente de sala de aula, apresentando todo o processo de execução do projeto. Obtendo ao final uma experiência que simulou uma situação real, comum nas empresas de desenvolvimento, facilitando assim o aprendizado do conteúdo da disciplina.
A Imagem como Elemento Mediador do Conhecimento: As Contribuições do Pibid nos Processos Formativos
Authors: Fonseca Camila , Sampaio Síria , Amorim Ricardo J. R.
Published: November 2016

Este artigo versa acerca do uso da imagem como um elemento mediador das aprendizagens. Tem como propostas, uma maior inserção de práticas de compreensão crítica do texto imagético no currículo escolar, inclusive as imagens das redes sociais; bem como, levar o cinema para a prática educativa da escola com o intuito de promover o lazer educativo e aproximação da comunidade externa à escola, oportunizando o acesso aos bens culturais e formativos oferecidos pelo cinema. Tais propostas surgiram acerca de ações interventivas do Programa PIBID, onde contribuíram para os processos formativos favorecendo o aprimoramento do potencial crítico-reflexivo dos discentes, frente ao acervo visual veiculado socialmente.
Parallel Miss Marple: Threads e Java RMI Aplicados à Verificação de Indícios de Plágio
Authors: Gomes Ricardo , Medina Roseclea
Published: November 2016

A identificação do plágio em trabalhos escolares ainda possui desafios. Um deles é o longo tempo necessário para que programas de computador realizem a análise de grandes lotes de documentos digitais. Este trabalho relata o processo de aprimoramento de uma ferramenta open-source de busca de indícios de plágio através da aplicação de técnicas de computação paralelo-distribuída, usando-se threads e Java RMI, trazendo benefícios para professores, avaliadores e usuários em geral. Os testes de desempenho apontaram que a nova versão do programa atinge um speedup de 1.99 com o uso de duas threads de processamento, ou seja, redução de aproximadamente 50% do tempo de análise em relação à versão anterior.
Uma Análise Quantitativa do Uso da Internet na Prática Pedagógica dos Professores das Escolas Municipais de Mossoró-RN
Authors: Lima Rommel W. de , Fernandes Stenio B. , Oliveira Lindsay W. L. de
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar o uso da Internet na prática pedagógica dos professores do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-­se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa, onde para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário, elaborado com base nas leituras do referencial teórico sobre o uso da Internet na educação. A aplicação do questionário foi realizada nas escolas da zona urbana do Município de Mossoró. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que os professores utilizam a Internet e sabem da sua importância em seu fazer pedagógico. A pesquisa apontou várias vantagens como também algumas dificuldades para com o uso desse recurso, mesmo assim, os professores fazem uso da Internet na escola e em casa. Verificou­-se a necessidade do professor repensar e (re)significar a sua prática, considerando que a profissão de professor requer formação continuada.
Trabalhando a Problemática Ambiental ao Viés de Quadros Colaborativos Online: Uma Ação no Contexto Escolar
Authors: Velho André Ricardo Theodoro , Maurell Joice , Barwaldt Regina , Rosa Vagner
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo promover a consciência ambiental, no que tange o descarte incorreto de medicamentos pela população em geral. Com esse objetivo, fora desenvolvido e aplicado um Projeto de Ação na Escola, no qual os estudantes envolveram-se em atividades de conscientização local, utilizando-se de quadros colaborativos online. A partir da pesquisa realizada, pelos estudantes, detectou-se o resultado que 82% dos entrevistados desconhecem a problemática do descarte de medicamentos. Concluiu-se, que a prática realizada e os conceitos abordados foram eficientes para promover as seguintes categorias: sensibilização ambiental, impactos ambientais, uso de TIC para conscientização e cuidado e utilização.
Projetos Maker como Forma de Estimular o Raciocínio Formal através do Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Borges Karen Selbach , Menezes Crediné Silva de , Fagundes Léa da Cruz
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso realizado no contexto da cultura maker, nas dependências do POALab, que é o laboratório de fabricação digital do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, câmpus Porto Alegre. O objetivo deste experimento era verificar como os sujeitos aplicavam o pensamento computacional na criação de um produto e como as atividades envolvidas poderiam promover o uso do raciocínio formal.
M-learning: Celulares utilizados como ferramenta didática numa escola pública de Ensino Médio
Authors: Franco Alice A. , Costa Ana Cristina , Mota Cláudia Valéria de A. , Gadelha Rejane L. L. , Graça Ricardo
Published: November 2016

Com a difusão e ampliação dos planos de telefonia móvel para atender as demandas de consumo, o uso de aparelhos celulares encontra-se em plena expansão pelas classes mais carentes da sociedade. Esse fenômeno representa uma tendência mundial gerada pelos avanços nos meios de comunicação. A constante inserção dessas tecnologias móveis no processo de ensino e aprendizagem tem favorecido o surgimento de pesquisas voltadas ao ambiente educacional. Entretanto, no Brasil, os professores têm certa resistência em incorporar novas tecnologias. A sala de aula ainda é o lugar de desligar o celular. O presente trabalho faz uma breve reflexão sobre o uso do celular no ensino formal, principalmente no Ensino Médio, com um estudo de caso.
A Importância da Computação para Alunos do Ensino Fundamental: Ações, Possibilidades e Benefícios.
Authors: Costa Thaise , Oliveira Fábio Cristiano , Martins Danielle , Silva Wilson da
Published: November 2016

O presente trabalho aborda a importância do ensino de computação na educação básica, e apresenta atividades desenvolvidas em um projeto de extensão. As ações iniciais consistiram no desenvolvimento de um curso de programação para alunos do ensino fundamental, no qual o objetivo era prepará-los pra a Olimpíada Brasileira de Informática. O treinamento adotou uma metodologia onde os alunos foram estimulados, através de competições em grupos e individual, resolvendo desafios relacionados à lógica de programação. Os resultados mostraram que é possível desenvolver o pensamento computacional já no início da formação escolar, além de proporcionar a inclusão digital de jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social.
Uma experiência com a Linguagem Scratch no Ensino de Programação com Alunos do Curso de Engenharia Elétrica
Authors: Rafalski Jadson do Prado , Santos Otavio Lube dos
Published: November 2016

O ensino de programação é um dos grandes desafios no ensino superior. Motivar os estudantes nem sempre é uma tarefa trivial, ainda mais quando se trata de uma barreira nos cursos de computação e engenharia. Partindo deste pressuposto, este artigo visa expor os benefícios da ferramenta Scratch no ensino de programação tornando de maneira lúdica por meio do desenvolvimento de jogos digitais. Visando contribuir para o meio acadêmico essa discussão, este trabalho propõem uma experiência obtida durante a disciplina de introdução à programação de um curso de engenharia elétrica de uma faculdade particular de Vila Velha/ES. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios já que as aulas foram mais interativas e agradáveis aos estudantes.
Um Catálogo de Recursos Educacionais Digitais (RED) Gratuitos de Matemática para auxiliar os professores do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Araujo Jéssica , Bezerra Arita , Morais Ceres , Gomes Alexsandra
Published: November 2016

O estudo da matemática é vista por muitos estudantes como um tabu, o que tem sido um desafio para os docentes desta disciplina, sendo uma das preocupações descobrir maneiras de tornar o ensino mais atraente. Muitas publicações demonstram que recursos educacionais digitais, como softwares e jogos, se tornaram grandes aliados para uma aula dinâmica e interessante, os quais podem ser encontrados em quantidade e qualidade na Internet. O presente artigo propõe a catalogação de recursos educacionais digitais e sua disponibilização para uso gratuito, para isso foi realizada uma classificação e organização destes com o objetivo primordial de viabiizar o acesso dos professores e alunos.
Ensino Híbrido: Proposta de formação de professores para uso integrado das tecnologias digitais nas ações de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Bacich Lilian
Published: November 2016

As tecnologias digitais podem colaborar com os processos de ensino e aprendizagem, porém apenas o uso da tecnologia não é suficiente. O Ensino Híbrido, que combina o uso da tecnologia digital com as interações presenciais, é um modelo possível para facilitar a combinação do ensino online com o ensino presencial. Nesse sentido, Instituto Península e Fundação Lemann organizaram um Grupo de Experimentações, com uma amostra de dezesseis educadores de diferentes estados brasileiros de escolas públicas e particulares. Os resultados obtidos a partir de análises de planos de aula, vídeos e texto elaborado pelos professores indicam enriquecimento da prática pedagógica por meio de abordagem metodológica com o uso integrado das tecnologias digitais visando a personalização.