bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Flanders, J., The Invention of Murder: How The Victorians Revelled in Death and Detection and Created Modern Crime.
Authors: Spillman George
Published: December 2021

Always judge a book by the cover. The details are simply in the subtitle. Judith Flanders, a world-renowned author, social historian and journalist, reveals her intentions on the cover and leaves no mystery as to the focus of this work. The author’s immediate utilization of the subtitle gives an outline of the book’s contents. The subtitle provides a window into historical events inscribed within its pages. Flanders gives details and provides essentials to the development of each of the three categories, revel in murder, detection, and modern crime creation, within the pages of this historically significant work. Via the subtitle, the author provides enough information to build interest. Mixed in with details of each crime are analyses of the pursuit of the suspects while vivid pictorials of trial and subsequent public executions lead up to the accomplishment of sentences issued by magistrates.
Perbandingan antara Visus Hasil Pemeriksaan Refraksi pada Tingkat Pencahayaan Optimal, Rendah, dan Tinggi di Ruang Laboratorium Refraksi Optisi STIKes Dharma Husada Bandung
Authors: Suparni Suparni , Erma Indriyani Benita
Published: December 2021

Tajam penglihatan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu usia, penerangan, silau, ukuran pupil, masa kerja, dan lama kerja. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil pemeriksaan refraksi pada tiap tingkatan pencahayaan di ruang laboraturium refraksi optisi STIKes Dharma Husada Bandung Tahun 2019.

Rancangan  penelitian  adalah  deskriptif,  dengan  melakukan  pengukuran  visus dasar dan visus koreksi pada tingkat pencahayaan optimal (300 lux), rendah (150 lux), dan tinggi (750 lux). Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik accidental sampling, mahasiswa reguler Diploma III Refraksi Optisi STIKes Dharma Husada Bandung tingkat 1 dan 2 yang berjumlah 35 orang. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara otomatis, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi variabel yang diteliti.

Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan perbandingan perbedaan visus dasar pada tingkat pencahayaan optimal, rendah dan tinggi adalah sebanyak 27%. Perbandingan perbedaan visus koreksi pada tingkat pencahayaan optimal, rendah dan tinggi adalah sebanyak 25%.

Penulis menyarankan pencahayaan di laboraturium harus dilakukan pembaharuan karena pencahayaan yang ada masih jauh dari standar untuk melakukan pemeriksaan refraksi.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Remaja Jalanan terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi di Yayasan Pembina Asuhan Bunda (YPAB) Kota Batam
Authors: Ulpawati Ulpawati , Susanti Susanti
Published: December 2021

Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan antara masa anak-anak dan masa dewasa, dimulai pada saat kematangan seksual yaitu antara usia 10-12 tahun sampai 20 tahun, menjelang dewasa muda, anak jalanan merupakan anak yang melewatkan atau memanfaatkan sebagian besar waktunya untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari dijalanan termasuk dilingkungan pasar, pertokoan dan pusat-pusat keramaian lainnya (Kementerian Sosial, 2016).

Tujuan penelitian  untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku remaja jalanan terhadap kesehatan reproduksi di Yayasan Pembina Asuhan Bunda (YPAB) Kota Batam tahun 2019.

Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan survei analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2019 di YPAB tahun 2019. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 101 responden dengan jumlah sampel 101 responden, menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen kuisioner dan diisi oleh responden. Data dalam bentuk tabel dan tekstual analis mengunakan Chi-square.

Hasil uji statistik diperoleh 28 responden (56,6%) berpengetahuan kurang, sikap negatif sebanyak 27 orang (54,0%), pengaruh teman sebaya sebanyak 34 orang ( 68,0%) dan pengaruh akses media sosial sebanyak 31 orang (62,0%). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap teman sebaya dan akses media sosial dengan perilaku remaja jalanan terhadap kesehatan reproduksi di YPAB Kota Batam tahun 2019.
Pengaruh Kegel Exercise Terhadap Inkontinensia Urine Pada Lansia
Authors: Daryaman Usan
Published: December 2021

Lansia adalah seseorang yang telah memasuki usia 60 tahun ke atas. Pada kelompok yang dikategorikan lansia akan terjadi suatu proses yang disebut Aging Process. Perubahan fisik yang terjadi pada lanjut usia salah satunya pada sistem perkemihan yaitu penurunan tonus otot vagina dan otot pintu saluran kemih. Kajian Literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keggel exercise terhadap inkontinensia urine pada lansia. Metode berupa analisis deskriptif dengan metode analisis data menggunakan Literature review. Semua jurnal temuan tersebut membahas tentang pengaruh keggel exercise terhadap inkontinensia urin pada lansia. Hasil kajian literature review dari 20 jurnal menunjukan bahwa hanya satu jurnal yang memaparkan bahwa kegel exercise ini tidak memiliki perubahan yang signifikan pada lansia dengan inkontinensia urine. Sedangkan 19 jurnal lainnya mengatakan hal sebaliknya. keggel exercise ini terbukti dapat memperkuat otot – otot panggul atau pelvis sehingga dapat melatih dan memperkuat sfingter eksternal pada kandung kemih. Kesimpulannya adalah terdapat pengaruh inkontinensia urine sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan latihan keggel exercise pada lansia. Latihan keggel dapat mengurangi inkontinensia urine. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan desain penelitian yang berbeda untuk membandingkan subjek penelitian pada variabel keggel exercise terhadap inkontinensia urine pada lansia.
Hubungan Teknik Menyusui dan Praktik Breast Care dengan Kejadian Bendungan ASI Di PBM Bd. “L” Kota Bandung
Authors: Hennyati Amirudin Sri
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Menurut Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012-2013 menunjukan bahwa 55% ibu menyusui di indonesia mengalami payudara bengkak dan mastitis, kemungkinan hal tersebut disebabkan karena kurangnya perawatan payudara selama kehamilan dan teknik menyusui yang tidak benar.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan teknik menyusui dan praktik breast care terhadap kejadian bendungan ASI di BPS Ponirah Margorejo Kecamatan Metro Selatan Kota Metro Tahun 2017. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Sampling Jenuh. Metode pengumpulan data adalah observasi dengan menggunakan alat bantu cheklist. Analisa data yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji stastistik chi-square.

Hasil penelitian responden yang mengalami bendungan ASI mataoritas tidak emnerapkan teknik menyusui yang benar yaitu sebanyak 14 responden (82,4%) dan responden yang tidak mengalami bendungan ASI mayaoritas menerapkan teknik menyusui dengan benar yaitu sebanyak 5 responden (29,4%). Setalh dilakukan uji statistic dengan chi squere didapatkan p value (p> 0,05). Kesimpulan dari 30 repsoden diperoleh bahwa tidak ada hubungan anatar teknik menyusui yang benar dengan kejadian bendungan ASI, bisa saja bendungan ASI disebabkan oelh faktor lainnya, seperti pengosongan mamame yang tidak sempurna. Diharapkan hasil penelitian inui dapat untuk menambah informasi terhadap hubungan teknik menyusui terhadap kejadian bendungan ASI.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang Kebutuhan Gizi dengan Pola Konsumsi Protein Selama Masa Kehamilan di PMB Bidan M Kabupaten Cianjur
Authors: Sri Iriani Oktarina , Triwidiyantari Dyah , Fitriasari Anisa
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang : Kekurangan pengetahuan ibu hamil terhadap gizi terutama jenis makronutrient seperti protein merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang akan mempengaruhi kondisi ibu selama kehamilan, banyak ibu hamil yang masih mengkonsumsi makanan dibawah Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) selain itu kurangnya pengetahuan juga mengindikasi kan bahwa pola makan ibu rata – rata tidak sehat. Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang kebutuhan gizi dengan pola konsumsi protein selama masa kehamilan. Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah survey analitik, dengan analisis data menggunakan Univariat dan Bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square untuk melihat hubungan antara dua variabel dengan nilai p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan dari 40 responden hampir setengahnya responden berpengetahuan cukup yaitu sebanyak 19 orang (47,5%), lebih dari setengahnya responden mempunyai pola konsumsi baik yaitu sebanyak 23 orang (57,5%). Dari hasil uji Chi-Square diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0,020 (p value < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang kebutuhan gizi dengan pola konsumsi protein selama masa kehamilan.
Perbandingan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil tentang Relaksasi Aromaterapi Kopi terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Nyeri Persalinan di PMB Y Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Risyanti Berty
Published: December 2021

Ibu hamil yang mengalami kecemasan berlebih pada masa kehamilan sampai menjelang persalinan akan berujung kepada stress yang dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit saat  persalinan,  dan  ini  harus  diatasi  ibu  hamil yang harus memiliki ketenangan sehingga proses persalinan menjadi lancar tanpa hambatan. Ketenangan yang dibutuhkan dapat dibantu dengan menggunakan relaksasi aromaterapi seperti kopi, dengan melakukan relaksasi aromaterapi diharapkan rasa  takut,  panik,  tegang  dan  tekanan-tekanan  lain  yang  menghantui  ibu  hamil dalam proses persalinan dapat berkurang bahkan hilang sehingga proses persalinan dapat berjalan dengan normal. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut harus melalui pendekatan individu secara holistik yang memengaruhi pikiran, tubuh dan emosional ibu hamil. Maka perlu dilakukan peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku ibu hamil tentang relaksasi aromaterapi kopi agar terjadinya penurunan pada tingkat nyeri persalinan. Sebanyak 30 orang ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yaitu Ibu hamil  usia kehamilan ≥ 22 minggu – 36 minggu yang telah mengikuti kelas ibu hamil minimal sebanyak 3 kali pertemuan, diberikan aromatherapi kopi selama mengikuti kelas ibu hamil, mengikuti penelitian selama bulan Januari 2019 - Maret 2019. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan  rancangan pre experimental design dengan teknik one grup pretest-posttest design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan sebelum diberikan perlakuan sebesar 11,43 dan sesudah perlakuan menjadi 14,94. Nilai rata-rata sikap sebelum diberikan perlakuan sebesar 49,31 dan sesudah perlakuan menjadi 65,54, dan terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil dalam penggunaan aromatherapi kopi (p=0,001) dengan rata-rata pengetahuan sebesar 3,514 dan rata-rata sikap sebesar 16,229. Berdasar hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang relaksasi aromatherapi kopi terhadap penurunan tingkat nyeri persalinan.
Menelaah Pesan Pemerintah Terkait Krisis Covid-19 di Media Sosial
Authors: Angendari Dewa Ayu Diah
Published: December 2021

Saat krisis kesehatan Covid-19 merebak tingkat ketidakpastian di masyarakat semakin tinggi. Pemerintah memiliki tanggungjawab untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian dengan memberikan pesan yang tepat kepada publik terdampak. Di Indonesia, Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes) dan satuan gugus tugas Covid-19 (Satgas Covid-19) menjadi dua instansi yang secara aktif memberikan informasi terkait Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan secara deskriptif pesan yang disampaikan oleh kedua instansi terkait dengan Covid-19 melalui metode konten analisis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa baik Kemenkes maupun Satgas Covid-19 memberikan penekanan pada pesan terkait upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menangani penyebaran Covid-19, perkembangan angka kasus, dan anjuran adopsi protokol kesehatan. Namun, kedua instansi tidak memberi porsi yang cukup terhadap pesan yang menjelaskan situasi krisis yang sedang dan ekspresi simpati kepada publik. Padahal penjelasan terkait situasi dapat mendorong publik untuk mengadopsi anjuran pemerintah, sementara ekspresi simpati diperlukan dalam situasi krisis untuk memberi rasa aman di tengah ketidakpastian.
Another Superdense Sub-Neptune in K2-182 b and Refined Mass Measurements for K2-199 b and c*
Authors: Akana Murphy Joseph M. , Kosiarek Molly R. , Batalha Natalie M. , Gonzales Erica J. , Isaacson Howard , Petigura Erik A , Weiss Lauren M. , Grunblatt Samuel K. , Ciardi David R. , Fulton Benjamin , Hirsch Lea A. , Behmard Aida , Rosenthal Lee J.
Published: December 2021

We combine multiple campaigns of K2 photometry with precision radial velocity measurements from Keck-HIRES to measure the masses of three sub-Neptune-sized planets. We confirm the planetary nature of the massive sub-Neptune K2-182 b (P
b = 4.7 days, R
b = 2.69 R
⊕) and derive refined parameters for K2-199 b and c (P
b = 3.2 days, R
b = 1.73 R
⊕ and P
c = 7.4 days, R
c = 2.85 R
⊕). These planets provide valuable data points in the mass–radius plane, especially as TESS continues to reveal an increasingly diverse sample of sub-Neptunes. The moderately bright (V = 12.0 mag) early K dwarf K2-182 (EPIC 211359660) was observed during K2 campaigns 5 and 18. We find that K2-182 b is potentially one of the densest sub-Neptunes known to date (20 ± 5 M
⊕ and 5.6 ± 1.4 g cm−3). The K5V dwarf K2-199 (EPIC 212779596; V = 12.3 mag), observed in K2 campaigns 6 and 17, hosts two recently confirmed planets. We refine the orbital and planetary parameters for K2-199 b and c by modeling both campaigns of K2 photometry and adding 12 Keck-HIRES measurements to the existing radial velocity data set (N = 33). We find that K2-199 b is likely rocky, at 6.9 ± 1.8 M
⊕ and

7.2

−
2.0

+
2.1

g cm−3, and that K2-199 c has an intermediate density at 12.4 ± 2.3 M
⊕ and

2.9

−
0.6

+
0.7

g cm−3. We contextualize these planets on the mass–radius plane, discuss a small but intriguing population of “superdense” sub-Neptunes (R
p < 3 R
⊕, M
p >20 M
⊕), and consider our prospects for the planets’ atmospheric characterization.
The HETDEX Instrumentation: Hobby–Eberly Telescope Wide-field Upgrade and VIRUS
Authors: Hill Gary J. , Lee Hanshin , MacQueen Phillip J. , Kelz Andreas , Drory Niv , Vattiat Brian L. , Good John M. , Ramsey Jason , Kriel Herman , Peterson Trent , DePoy D. L. , Gebhardt Karl , Marshall J. L. , Tuttle Sarah E. , Bauer Svend M. , Chonis Taylor S. , Fabricius Maximilian H. , Froning Cynthia , Häuser Marco , Indahl Briana L. , Jahn Thomas , Landriau Martin , Leck Ron , Montesano Francesco , Prochaska Travis , Snigula Jan M. , Zeimann Greg , Bryant Randy , Damm George , Fowler J. R. , Janowiecki Steven , Martin Jerry , Mrozinski Emily , Odewahn Stephen , Rostopchin Sergey , Shetrone Matthew , Spencer Renny , Mentuch Cooper Erin , Armandroff Taft , Bender Ralf , Dalton Gavin , Hopp Ulrich , Komatsu Eiichiro , Nicklas Harald , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Roth Martin M. , Schneider Donald P. , Sneden Chris , Steinmetz Matthias
Published: December 2021

The Hobby–Eberly Telescope (HET) Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) is undertaking a blind wide-field low-resolution spectroscopic survey of 540 deg2 of sky to identify and derive redshifts for a million Lyα-emitting galaxies in the redshift range 1.9 < z < 3.5. The ultimate goal is to measure the expansion rate of the universe at this epoch, to sharply constrain cosmological parameters and thus the nature of dark energy. A major multiyear Wide-Field Upgrade (WFU) of the HET was completed in 2016 that substantially increased the field of view to 22′ diameter and the pupil to 10 m, by replacing the optical corrector, tracker, and Prime Focus Instrument Package and by developing a new telescope control system. The new, wide-field HET now feeds the Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS), a new low-resolution integral-field spectrograph (LRS2), and the Habitable Zone Planet Finder, a precision near-infrared radial velocity spectrograph. VIRUS consists of 156 identical spectrographs fed by almost 35,000 fibers in 78 integral-field units arrayed at the focus of the upgraded HET. VIRUS operates in a bandpass of 3500−5500 Å with resolving power R ≃ 800. VIRUS is the first example of large-scale replication applied to instrumentation in optical astronomy to achieve spectroscopic surveys of very large areas of sky. This paper presents technical details of the HET WFU and VIRUS, as flowed down from the HETDEX science requirements, along with experience from commissioning this major telescope upgrade and the innovative instrumentation suite for HETDEX.
Diving Beneath the Sea of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities of the Young AU Mic Planetary System
Authors: Cale Bryson L. , Reefe Michael , Plavchan Peter , Tanner Angelle , Gaidos Eric , Gagné Jonathan , Gao Peter , Kane Stephen R. , Béjar Víctor J. S. , Lodieu Nicolas , Anglada-Escudé Guillem , Ribas Ignasi , Pallé Enric , Quirrenbach Andreas , Amado Pedro J. , Reiners Ansgar , Caballero José A. , Rosa Zapatero Osorio María , Dreizler Stefan , Howard Andrew W. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Xuesong Wang Sharon , Collins Kevin I. , El Mufti Mohammed , Wittrock Justin , Gilbert Emily A. , Barclay Thomas , Klein Baptiste , Martioli Eder , Wittenmyer Robert , Wright Duncan , Addison Brett , Hirano Teruyuki , Tamura Motohide , Kotani Takayuki , Narita Norio , Vermilion David , Lee Rena A. , Geneser Claire , Teske Johanna , Quinn Samuel N. , Latham David W. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Calkins Michael L. , Berlind Perry , Zohrabi Farzaneh , Stibbards Caitlin , Kotnana Srihan , Jenkins Jon , Twicken Joseph D. , Henze Christopher , Kidwell Richard , Burke Christopher , Villaseñor Joel , Boyd Patricia
Published: December 2021

We present updated radial-velocity (RV) analyses of the AU Mic system. AU Mic is a young (22 Myr) early-M dwarf known to host two transiting planets—P

b
∼ 8.46 days,

R

b

=

4.38

−
0.18

+
0.18

R

⊕

, P

c
∼ 18.86 days,

R

c

=

3.51

−
0.16

+
0.16

R

⊕

. With visible RVs from Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical echelle Spectrographs (CARMENES)-VIS, CHIRON, HARPS, HIRES, Minerva-Australis, and Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph, as well as near-infrared (NIR) RVs from CARMENES-NIR, CSHELL, IRD, iSHELL, NIRSPEC, and SPIRou, we provide a 5σ upper limit to the mass of AU Mic c of M

c
≤ 20.13 M
⊕ and present a refined mass of AU Mic b of

M

b

=

20.12

−
1.57

+
1.72

M

⊕

. Used in our analyses is a new RV modeling toolkit to exploit the wavelength dependence of stellar activity present in our RVs via wavelength-dependent Gaussian processes. By obtaining near-simultaneous visible and near-infrared RVs, we also compute the temporal evolution of RV “color” and introduce a regressional method to aid in isolating Keplerian from stellar activity signals when modeling RVs in future works. Using a multiwavelength Gaussian process model, we demonstrate the ability to recover injected planets at 5σ significance with semi-amplitudes down to ≈10 m s−1 with a known ephemeris, more than an order of magnitude below the stellar activity amplitude. However, we find that the accuracy of the recovered semi-amplitudes is ∼50% for such signals with our model.
Quasi-simultaneous Radio/X-Ray Observations of the Candidate Transitional Millisecond Pulsar 3FGL J1544.6−1125 during its Low-luminosity Accretion-disk State
Authors: Jaodand Amruta D. , Deller Adam T. , Gusinskaia Nina , Hessels Jason W. T. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Archibald Anne M. , Bogdanov Slavko , Bassa Cees , Wijnands Rudy , Patruno Alessandro , Sanidas Sotiris
Published: December 2021

3FGL J1544.6−1125 is a candidate transitional millisecond pulsar (tMSP). Similar to the well-established tMSPs—PSR J1023+0038, IGR J18245−2452, and XSS J12270−4859—3FGL J1544.6−1125 shows γ-ray emission and discrete X-ray “low” and “high” modes during its low-luminosity accretion-disk state. Coordinated radio/X-ray observations of PSR J1023+0038 in its current low-luminosity accretion-disk state showed rapidly variable radio continuum emission—possibly originating from a compact, self-absorbed jet, the “propellering” of accretion material, and/or pulsar moding. 3FGL J1544.6−1125 is currently the only other (candidate) tMSP system in this state, and can be studied to see whether tMSPs are typically radio-loud compared to other neutron star binaries. In this work, we present a quasi-simultaneous Very Large Array and Swift radio/X-ray campaign on 3FGL J1544.6−1125. We detect 10 GHz radio emission varying in flux density from 47.7 ± 6.0 μJy down to ≲15 μJy (3σ upper limit) at four epochs spanning three weeks. At the brightest epoch, the radio luminosity is L
5 GHz = (2.17 ± 0.17) × 1027 erg s−1 for a quasi-simultaneous X-ray luminosity L
2–10 keV = (4.32 ± 0.23) × 1033 erg s−1 (for an assumed distance of 3.8 kpc). These luminosities are close to those of PSR J1023+0038, and the results strengthen the case that 3FGL J1544.6−1125 is a tMSP showing similar phenomenology to PSR J1023+0038.
Characterizing Long-term Optical Variability Properties of γ-Ray-bright Blazars
Authors: Bhatta Gopal
Published: December 2021

Optical observations of a sample of 12 γ-ray-bright blazars from four optical data archives—American Association of Variable Star Observers, Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System, Catalina, and Steward Observatory—are compiled to create densely sampled light curves spanning more than a decade. As a part of the blazar multiwavelength studies, several methods of analysis, e.g., flux distribution and rms–flux relation, are performed on the observations with the aim to compare the results with the similar ones in the γ-ray band presented in Bhatta & Dhital. It is found that, similar to the γ-ray band, blazars display significant variability in the optical band that can be characterized with lognormal flux distribution and a power-law dependence of rms on flux. It could be an indication of a possible inherent linear rms–flux relation, yet the scatter in the data does not allow to rule out other possibilities. When comparing variability properties in the two bands, the blazars in the γ-rays are found to exhibit stronger variability with a steeper possible linear rms–flux relation and a flux distribution that is more skewed toward higher fluxes. The cross-correlation study shows that except for source 3C 273, the overall optical and the γ-ray emission in the sources are highly correlated, suggesting a cospatial existence of the particles responsible for both the optical and γ-ray emission. Moreover, sources S5 0716+714, Mrk 421, Mrk 501, PKS 1424-418, and PKS 2155-304 revealed possible evidence of quasiperiodic oscillations in the optical emission with the characteristic timescales, which are comparable to those in the γ-ray band detected in our previous work.
Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections from MAVEN Orbital Observations at Mars
Authors: Zhao Dan , Guo Jianpeng , Huang Hui , Lin Haibo , Hong Yichun , Feng Xueshang , Cui Jun , Wei Yong , Wang Yang , Feng Yongyong , Li Lei , Liu Libo
Published: December 2021

The measurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft, in orbit around Mars, are utilized to investigate interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) near 1.52 au. We identify 24 ICMEs from 2014 December 6 to 2019 February 21. The ICME list is used to examine the statistical properties of ICMEs. On average, the magnetic field strength of 5.99 nT in ICMEs is higher than that of 5.38 nT for stream interaction regions (SIRs). The density of 5.27 cm−3 for ICMEs is quite comparable to that of 5.17 cm−3 for SIRs, the velocity of 394.7 km s−1 for ICMEs is slightly lower than that of 432.8 km s−1 for SIRs, and the corresponding dynamic pressure of 1.34 nPa for ICMEs is smaller than that of 1.50 nPa for SIRs. Using existing databases of ICMEs at 1 au for the same time period, we compare ICME average properties at 1.52 au with those at 1 au. The averages of the characteristic quantities decrease by a factor of 1.1–1.7 from 1 to 1.52 au. In addition, we analyze an unusual space weather event associated with the ICME on 2015 March 9–10, and propose that the extremely strong dynamic pressure with a maximum of ∼18 nPa on March 8 is caused by the combined effects of the enhanced density inside a heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS), the compression of the HPS by the forward shock, and the high velocity of the sheath ahead of the ICME.
Magnetic Topology in Coupled Binaries, Spin-orbital Resonances, and Flares
Authors: Cherkis Sergey A. , Lyutikov Maxim
Published: December 2021

We consider topological configurations of the magnetically coupled spinning stellar binaries (e.g., merging neutron stars or interacting star–planet systems). We discuss conditions when the stellar spins and the orbital motion nearly “compensate” each other, leading to very slow overall winding of the coupled magnetic fields; slowly winding configurations allow gradual accumulation of magnetic energy, which is eventually released in a flare when the instability threshold is reached. We find that this slow winding can be global and/or local. We describe the topology of the relevant space

F
=

T

1

S

2

as the unit tangent bundle of the two-sphere and find conditions for slowly winding configurations in terms of magnetic moments, spins, and orbital momentum. These conditions become ambiguous near the topological bifurcation points; in certain cases, they also depend on the relative phases of the spin and orbital motions. In the case of merging magnetized neutron stars, if one of the stars is a millisecond pulsar, spinning at ∼10 ms, the global resonance ω
1 + ω
2 = 2Ω (spin-plus beat is two times the orbital period) occurs approximately one second before the merger; the total energy of the flare can be as large as 10% of the total magnetic energy, producing bursts of luminosity ∼1044 erg s−1. Higher order local resonances may have similar powers, since the amount of involved magnetic flux tubes may be comparable to the total connected flux.
Finding High-redshift Galaxies with JWST
Authors: Steinhardt Charles L. , Jespersen Christian Kragh , Linzer Nora B.
Published: December 2021

One of the primary goals for the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope is to observe the first galaxies. Predictions for planned and proposed surveys have typically focused on average galaxy counts, assuming a random distribution of galaxies across the observed field. The first and most-massive galaxies, however, are expected to be tightly clustered, an effect known as cosmic variance. We show that cosmic variance is likely to be the dominant contribution to uncertainty for high-redshift mass and luminosity functions, and that median high-redshift and high-mass galaxy counts for planned observations lie significantly below average counts. Several different strategies are considered for improving our understanding of the first galaxies, including adding depth, area, and independent pointings. Adding independent pointings is shown to be the most efficient both for discovering the single highest-redshift galaxy and also for constraining mass and luminosity functions.
Evolution of the Ultraviolet Upturn at 0.3 < z < 1: Exploring Helium-rich Stellar Populations
Authors: Ali Sadman S. , De Propris Roberto , Chung Chul , Phillipps Steven , Bremer Malcolm N.
Published: December 2021

We measure the near-UV (rest-frame ∼2400 Å) to optical color for early-type galaxies in 12 clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.0. We show that this is a suitable proxy for the more common far-ultraviolet bandpass used to measure the ultraviolet upturn and find that the upturn is detected to z = 0.6 in these data, in agreement with previous work. We find evidence that the strength of the upturn starts to wane beyond this redshift and largely disappears at z = 1. Our data are most consistent with models where early-type galaxies contain minority stellar populations with non-cosmological helium abundances, up to around 46%, formed at z ≥ 3, resembling globular clusters with multiple stellar populations in our Galaxy. This suggests that elliptical galaxies and globular clusters share similar chemical evolution and star formation histories. The vast majority of the stellar mass in these galaxies also must have been in place at z > 3.
Fast Radio Burst Morphology in the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
Authors: Pleunis Ziggy , Good Deborah C. , Kaspi Victoria M. , Mckinven Ryan , Ransom Scott M. , Scholz Paul , Bandura Kevin , Bhardwaj Mohit , Boyle P. J. , Brar Charanjot , Cassanelli Tomas , Chawla Pragya , (Adam) Dong Fengqiu , Fonseca Emmanuel , Gaensler B. M. , Josephy Alexander , Kaczmarek Jane F. , Leung Calvin , Lin Hsiu-Hsien , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Mena-Parra Juan , Michilli Daniele , Ng Cherry , Patel Chitrang , Rafiei-Ravandi Masoud , Rahman Mubdi , Sanghavi Pranav , Shin Kaitlyn , Smith Kendrick M. , Stairs Ingrid H. , Tendulkar Shriharsh P.
Published: December 2021

We present a synthesis of fast radio burst (FRB) morphology (the change in flux as a function of time and frequency) as detected in the 400–800 MHz octave by the FRB project on the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME/FRB), using events from the first CHIME/FRB catalog. The catalog consists of 62 bursts from 18 repeating sources, plus 474 one-off FRBs, detected between 2018 July 25 and 2019 July 2. We identify four observed archetypes of burst morphology (“simple broadband,” “simple narrowband,” “temporally complex,” and “downward drifting”) and describe relevant instrumental biases that are essential for interpreting the observed morphologies. Using the catalog properties of the FRBs, we confirm that bursts from repeating sources, on average, have larger widths, and we show, for the first time, that bursts from repeating sources, on average, are narrower in bandwidth. This difference could be due to beaming or propagation effects, or it could be intrinsic to the populations. We discuss potential implications of these morphological differences for using FRBs as astrophysical tools.
Comprehensive Broadband X-Ray and Multiwavelength Study of Active Galactic Nuclei in 57 Local Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Observed with NuSTAR and/or Swift/BAT
Authors: Yamada Satoshi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tanimoto Atsushi , Imanishi Masatoshi , Toba Yoshiki , Ricci Claudio , Privon George C.
Published: December 2021

We perform a systematic X-ray spectroscopic analysis of 57 local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxy systems (containing 84 individual galaxies) observed with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and/or Swift/BAT. Combining soft X-ray data obtained with Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, and/or Swift/XRT, we identify 40 hard (>10 keV) X-ray–detected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and constrain their torus parameters with the X-ray clumpy torus model XCLUMPY. Among the AGNs at z < 0.03, for which sample biases are minimized, the fraction of Compton-thick (N
H ≥ 1024 cm−2) AGNs reaches

64

−
15

+
14

% (6/9 sources) in late mergers, while it is

24

−
10

+
12

% (3/14 sources) in early mergers, consistent with the tendency reported by Ricci et al. We find that the bolometric AGN luminosities derived from the infrared data increase but the X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratios decrease with merger stage. The X-ray-weak AGNs in late mergers ubiquitously show massive outflows at subparsec to kiloparsec scales. Among them, the most luminous AGNs (L
bol,AGN ∼ 1046 erg s−1) have relatively small column densities of ≲1023 cm−2 and almost super-Eddington ratios (λ
Edd ∼ 1.0). Their torus covering factors (C
T
(22) ∼ 0.6) are larger than those of Swift/BAT-selected AGNs with similarly high Eddington ratios. These results suggest a scenario where, in the final stage of mergers, multiphase strong outflows are produced due to chaotic quasi-spherical inflows, and the AGN becomes extremely X-ray weak and deeply buried due to obscuration by inflowing and/or outflowing material.
Systematically Measuring Ultra-diffuse Galaxies (SMUDGes). II. Expanded Survey Description and the Stripe 82 Catalog
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis , Donnerstein Richard , Karunakaran Ananthan , Barbosa C. E. , Dey Arjun , Kadowaki Jennifer , Spekkens Kristine , Zhang Huanian
Published: December 2021

We present 226 large ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) candidates (r

e
> 5.″3, μ
0,g
> 24 mag arcsec−2) in the SDSS Stripe 82 region recovered using our improved procedure developed in anticipation of processing the entire Legacy Surveys footprint. The advancements include less constrained structural parameter fitting, expanded wavelet filtering criteria, consideration of Galactic dust, estimates of parameter uncertainties and completeness based on simulated sources, and refinements of our automated candidate classification. We have a sensitivity ∼1 mag fainter in μ
0,g
than the largest published catalog of this region. Using our completeness-corrected sample, we find that (1) there is no significant decline in the number of UDG candidates as a function of μ
0,g
to the limit of our survey (∼26.5 mag arcsec−2); (2) bluer candidates have smaller Sérsic n; (3) most blue (g–r < 0.45 mag) candidates have μ
0,g
≲ 25 mag arcsec−2 and will fade to populate the UDG red sequence we observe to ∼26.5 mag arcsec−2; (4) any red UDGs that exist significantly below our μ
0,g
sensitivity limit are not descendent from blue UDGs in our sample; and (5) candidates with lower μ
0,g
tend to smaller n. We anticipate that the final SMUDGes sample will contain ∼30 × as many candidates.
KAPPA: A Package for the Synthesis of Optically Thin Spectra for the Non-Maxwellian κ-distributions. II. Major Update to Compatibility with CHIANTI Version 10
Authors: Dzifčáková Elena , Dudík Jaroslav , Zemanová Alena , Lörinčík Juraj , Karlický Marian
Published: December 2021

KAPPA is a database and software for the calculation of the optically thin spectra for the non-Maxwellian κ-distributions that were recently diagnosed in the plasma of solar coronal loops, flares, as well as in the transition region. KAPPA is based on the widely used CHIANTI database and reproduces many of its capabilities for κ-distributions. Here we perform a major update of the KAPPA database, including a near-complete recalculation of the ionization, recombination, excitation, and deexcitation rates for all ions in the database, as well as an implementation of the two-ion model for calculations of relative-level populations (and intensities) if these are modified by ionization and recombination from or to excited levels. As an example of KAPPA usage, we explore novel diagnostics of κ, and show that O iii lines near 500 and 700 Å provide a strong sensitivity to κ, with some line intensity ratios changing by a factor of up to 2–4 compared to Maxwellian. This is much larger than previously employed diagnostics of κ.
Massive Pleural Effusion as a Rare Manifestation in Severe Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Lukmasari Adriana , Trialimas Jeffry , Taqwim Wim Khairu , Pramana Cipta
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis can be severe and has mortality rate. The pleural effusion is a rare sign of severe sepsis in newborn and only few studies that reported it.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of newborn who referred to our hospital because of dependent mechanical ventilator and severe sepsis. We found a massive pleural effusion and did the pleural drainage. After the drainage, the baby was extubate and discharge well with no signs of respiratory distress.

CONCLUSION: Massive pleural effusion might be considered as a cause of dependent ventilator in severe neonatal sepsis.
Naturally Acquired Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Cassava Improves Nutrient and Anti-dysbiosis Activity of Soy Tempeh
Authors: Kusuma Rio , Widada Jaka , Huriyati Emy , Julia Madarina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Gut microbiota dysbiosis indicated by increased gram-negative bacteria and reduced Firmicutes-producing short chain fatty acids bacteria has been linked with impairment in glucose metabolism. Tempeh is traditional fermented soy food that can stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. In Indonesia, some tempeh was produced by adding acidifier that contains lactic acid bacteria. This process may impact the nutrient and anti-dysbiosis activity of tempeh.  
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of acidifier on nutrient and gut microbiota profile of diabetic animal model. 
Method: Modified tempeh was made by addition of water extract of fermented cassava. Standard and modified tempeh were subjected to proximate analysis and dietary fibre. Diabetic animals were received standard tempeh or modified tempeh diet replacing 15% and 30% of protein in the diet for 4 weeks of intervention. At the end of experiment, caecal content was collected. Short chain fatty acids and microbiota composition were analysed using 16s rDNA next generation sequencing (NGS).
Result: There is significant different (p<0.05) on fat, protein, water and dietary fibre content between regular soy tempeh and modified tempeh. There is significant different (p<0.05) on serum glucose and short chain fatty acid composition among group. Diabetic animal has low ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Supplementation of both tempeh increased bacterial diversity, Firmicutes /Bacteroidetes ratio and short chain fatty acids producing bacteria.  
Conclusion: Addition of naturally occurred lactic acid bacteria from fermented cassava during tempeh processing improved both nutrient and microbiota composition in the gut of diabetes mellitus.
Chapitre 1. Medical ethics and therapeutic knowledge in China: a perspective on historical foundations, encounters, internationalisation and co-construction
Authors: Micollier Évelyne
Published: December 2021

Dans le contexte chinois, les contacts présents et passés entre plusieurs traditions médicales ont transformé le système de santé et de soins ainsi que l’éthique médicale. Les idées, pratiques et expériences liées à la santé donnent à voir un paysage pluriel redessiné au gré d’influences diverses. Résultant également de ces échanges et recompositions multiples, l’éthique révèle des caractéristiques héritées de la tradition chinoise et d’autres traditions auxquelles s’ajoutent des éléments qui reflètent un ordre, un droit et des normes internationales. Dans la Chine post-maoïste (Ère de la Réforme, post-1979), les sciences médicales se développent dans le cadre plus large de la transition économique et sociale tandis que, à partir des années 2000, la Chine devient progressivement un acteur performant en R&D, recherche technologique et en sciences fondamentales. Pour notre propos, deux formulations de principes éthiques, l’une datant de la période de la Chine impériale tardive, l’autre des années 1980, ont été sélectionnées. Elles révèlent toutes deux des « tournants historiques » de l’éthique médicale, de la médecine et du domaine plus étendu de la santé s’inscrivant en cohérence avec des transformations drastiques de la société chinoise incluant celles de valeurs et de normes. Le chapitre est organisé en trois sections : les deux formulations de principes et leurs significations situées sont discutées au prisme des changements et des rencontres. La situation de l’éthique de la médecine chinoise ainsi que le processus de co-construction des connaissances à ce sujet, sont examinés dans le contexte d’une Chine qui se globalise plus rapidement à partir des années 2000. Afin de faciliter la compréhension du lecteur, les principes des deux formulations analysées dans les deux premières sections sont énumérés à la fin du chapitre.
Trace minimization method via penalty for linear response eigenvalue problems
Authors: Chen Yadan , Shen Yuan , Liu Shanshan
Published: December 2021

In various applications, such as the computation of energy excitation states of electrons and molecules, and the analysis of interstellar clouds, the linear response eigenvalue problem, which is a special type of the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem, is frequently encountered. However, traditional eigensolvers may not be applicable to this problem owing to its inherently large scale. In fact, we are usually more interested in computing some of the smallest positive eigenvalues. To this end, a trace minimum principle optimization model with orthogonality constraint has been proposed. On this basis, we propose an unconstrained surrogate model called trace minimization via penalty, and we establish its equivalence with the original constrained model, provided that the penalty parameter is larger than a certain threshold. By avoiding the orthogonality constraint, we can use a gradient-type method to solve this model. Specifically, we use the gradient descent method with Barzilai–Borwein step size. Moreover, we develop a restarting strategy for the proposed algorithm whereby higher accuracy and faster convergence can be achieved. This is verified by preliminary experimental results.
Multi-objective optimization of multi-microgrid power dispatch under uncertainties using interval optimization
Authors: Luo Shungen , Guo Xiuping
Published: December 2021

The microgrid technology, which can dispatch power independently, is an effective way to increase the efficiency of energy utilization meanwhile develop and utilize the clean and renewable energy. However, the power generation of a single microgrid is unstable, because it is greatly affected by the external environment. Therefore, the development and application of the multi-microgrid system have gradually drawn various countries' attention. In order to minimize the operating cost and gaseous pollutant emission of the multi-microgrid system, which is composed of renewable energies and electric vehicles and so on, this paper builds a 24 hours day-ahead multi-objective complex constrained optimization model, using interval optimization to handle uncertainties of renewable energies. In view of the model characteristics, the metaheuristic strategies about initialization and repair of solution are designed. Furthermore, the fuzzy membership degree and Chebyshev function are used in parallel to decompose the multi-objective optimization problem, thus a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on hybrid decomposition (MOEA/HD) is constructed. Finally, the effectiveness of the metaheuristic strategies can be verified by analyzing the simulation results in this paper. Moreover, the results prove that the MOEA/HD is more efficient, which can get a higher-quality Pareto optimal solution set when compared to other algorithms.
Entre « L’Hôte » et « Le Renégat ».Une Méditerranée camusienne actuelle ?
Authors: Rufat Hélène
Published: December 2021

Alors que l’Algérie française fait encore partie de l’Europe d’après-guerre, et que les premiers conflits d’indépendance ont déjà éclaté, Albert Camus met en scène, dans ses nouvelles « L’Hôte » et « Le Renégat », un « choc des cultures [...] flagrant » et une « barrière de civilisation [qui semble] infranchissable » (J. Guérin), avec des personnages qui évoluent éloignés de la mer Méditerranée. Cependant, en toile de fond, l’écrivain fait jouer une méditerranéité qu’il fréquente depuis sa jeunesse et qui alimente un « esprit méditerranéen » toujours disposé à inclure les altérités et à établir des dialogues. Cette étude s’intéresse à la géographie méditerranéenne de l’œuvre camusienne qui se dessine par dichotomies, à la recherche d’une tension dynamique et créatrice entre ses pôles, pour tendre vers une mesure qui assume ses limites. L’analyse des symboles et des mythes évoqués par Camus oriente la conclusion vers l’identification d’un mythe d’Euphorion potentiel, représentant d’une nouvelle « méditerranéisation de la pensée » faisant de l’écrivain un « philosophe de la relation ».
La Méditerranée, la mer en allée avec le soleil ?
Authors: Devésa Jean-Michel
Published: December 2021

La Méditerranée célébrée par Albert Camus, Philippe Sollers et Jean-Daniel Pollet relève d’une interrogation métaphysique ignorant pour l’essentiel les hommes réels, le paysage servant de décor à une représentation de la tangence au monde des individus, sous le mode du tragique et dans le cadre d’une démarche atemporelle, si bien que cette Méditerranée dont on proclame qu’elle est un foyer de multiples mises en relation, s’avère être exaltée par ses auteurs et ce cinéaste comme la mer des Grecs, et non pas comme celle des peuples qui en sont les riverains. Une Méditerranée plus soucieuse des humains et des rapports sociaux dans lesquels ils sont pris innerve l’œuvre de Jean Pélégri.
Pont et porte : cette Méditerranée entre littérature et cinéma
Authors: Serghini Jaouad
Published: December 2021

Pont ou porte, mer ou mur, des représentations qui appellent à saisir la Méditerranée sous le signe de la binarité. Jamais une mer n’a suscité autant d’intérêt que cette Mer du milieu. Oscillant entre plusieurs représentations qui drainent une multitude de concepts, la Méditerranée cristallise les oppositions majeures des sociétés actuelles. Portée au grand écran où, faisant l’objet d’analyse intellectuelle d’auteurs, la Méditerranée force l’interrogation et invite à la réflexion sur la vie, sur les rapports des porteurs de cultures des deux rives et sur le devenir de l’humanité. Cette étude se propose d’analyser les mises en scène filmiques et littéraires de la Méditerranée comme espace où s’exerce la binarité.
Elias (2019) d’Ahmed Benzelikha.La Méditerranée pour une odyssée spirituelle
Authors: Bererhi Afifa
Published: December 2021

Voyage à travers la Méditerranée et dans le rêve qui se veut quête de l’harmonie de soi avec le monde dans sa dimension universelle. Une odyssée-initiation à la plénitude au cours de laquelle se fait entendre l’échoïsation de toutes les mythologies.
Mare Nostrum : une frontière anthropophage dans Cannibales (1999) de Mahi Binebine
Authors: Benbella Bouchra
Published: December 2021

Mare nostrum n’est plus un espace de libre circulation, de partage et d’échange de cultures. C’est une muraille infranchissable, un tombeau maritime de despérados, victimes de la misère et de la désinsertion sociale dans leurs propres pays. Ces damnés des temps modernes sont contraints de « brûler » cette frontière aquatique insatiablement anthropophage, après avoir brûlé leur identité, dans l’espoir d’une vie meilleure. Partir se veut donc l’expression d’une difficulté existentielle et d’un profond désespoir qui les poussent à risquer la mort pour, peut-être, renaître dans un ailleurs euphorique. Nous allons essayer de montrer comment Mahi Binebine a, dans Cannibales, abordé cette tragédie humaine en réaction à l’apathie anesthésiante de certains journalistes vis-à-vis de ce sujet brûlant, en l’inscrivant dans une dimension littéraire par le recours à une esthétique de l’horreur comme procédé de conscientisation.
La représentation de l’histoire et le motif du jardin d’Éden dans Beatus ille et La noche de los tiempos d’Antonio Muñoz Molina
Authors: Merlos Lucas
Published: December 2021

Cet article rend compte de la présence du motif du jardin d’Éden et de sa signification dans deux romans d’Antonio Muñoz Molina, Beatus ille (1986) et La noche de los tiempos (2009). Il propose une approche descriptive qui répertorie les occurrences de ce motif et ses ramifications – la rencontre amoureuse, la métaphore de l’île et du refuge, l’expulsion et l’exil – avant de proposer une interprétation idéologique de cette poétique qui montre que ce motif s’inscrit dans des structures narratives polarisées autour de la triade paradis/expulsion/exil qui font écho à la mémoire dominante du passé récent de l’Espagne contemporaine qui fait de la Transition un moment de réconciliation et de rédemption collective.