bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutropenic Fever–Associated Admissions Among Patients With Solid Tumors Receiving Chemotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Baus Courtney J. , Kelley Broc , Dow-Hillgartner Elizabeth , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Schulz Lucas T. , Lepak Alexander J. , LoConte Noelle K.
Published: March 2023

This cohort study examines the rates of neutropenic fever–associated admissions and outpatient antibiotic use among patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Mediator subunit MED12 promotes formation of HSF1 condensates on heat shock response element arrays in heat‐shocked cells
Authors: Okada Mariko , Fujimoto Mitsuaki , Srivastava Pratibha , Pandey Akanksha , Takii Ryosuke , Nakai Akira
Published: March 2023

Upon heat shock, activated heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) binds to the heat shock response elements (HSEs) in the promoters of mammalian heat shock protein (HSP)‐encoding genes and recruits the preinitiation complex and coactivators, including Mediator. These transcriptional regulators may be concentrated in phase‐separated condensates around the promoters, but they are too minute to be characterized in detail. We herein established HSF1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts harbouring HSP72‐derived multiple HSE arrays and visualized the condensates of fluorescent protein‐tagged HSF1 with liquid‐like properties upon heat shock. Using this experimental system, we demonstrate that endogenous MED12, a subunit of Mediator, is concentrated in artificial HSF1 condensates upon heat shock. Furthermore, the knockdown of MED12 markedly reduces the size of condensates, suggesting an important role for MED12 in HSF1 condensate formation.
Urocortin stimulates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the proliferation of HeLa cells via CRF receptor 1
Authors: Balogh Bálint , Vecsernyés Mónika , Stayer‐Harci Alexandra , Berta Gergely , Tarjányi Oktávia , Sétáló György
Published: March 2023

Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the pituitary gland and is an essential regulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Isoforms of CRF receptor are known to mediate the effects of urocortin stress ligands on the regulation of stress responses, anxiety, and feeding behavior; however, urocortin stress ligands also influence cell proliferation. In view of the tumor‐promoting capacity of prolonged stress, here we investigated (a) the effect of urocortin on cell proliferative signaling via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, (b) the expression and cellular distribution of the specific CRF receptor isoforms, and (c) the intracellular localization of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in HeLa cells. Stimulation of cell proliferation was observed in the presence of 10 nm urocortin. Our data also suggest that MAP kinase MEK, the transcription factors E2F‐1 and p53, and PKB/Akt are involved in this process. These findings may have therapeutic relevance for the targeted treatment of various malignancies.
Manpower simulation model for optimizing construction management tasks
Authors: Tokura Kentaro , Haruyama Shinichiro
Published: March 2023

The long working hours of construction site management engineers is a problem for the construction industry in Japan. However, comprehensive data and analysis for construction management are insufficient. In this study, we propose a simulation model that can be used to improve construction management of buildings by identifying tasks and parametrically describing the manpower required. This will enable an estimation of the appropriate allocation of engineers, effects of ICT systems, and effects of various other measures.
Flexible Oxide Thin Film Transistors, Memristors, and Their Integration
Authors: Panca Alin , Panidi Julianna , Faber Hendrik , Stathopoulos Spyros , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Prodromakis Themis
Published: March 2023

Flexible electronics have seen extensive research over the past years due to their potential stretchability and adaptability to non‐flat surfaces. They are key to realizing low‐power sensors and circuits for wearable electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Semiconducting metal‐oxides are a prime candidate for implementing flexible electronics as their conformal deposition methods lend themselves to the idiosyncrasies of non‐rigid substrates. They are also a major component for the development of resistive memories (memristors) and as such their monolithic integration with thin film electronics has the potential to lead to novel all‐metal‐oxide devices combining memory and computing on a single node. This review focuses on exploring the recent advances across all these fronts starting from types of suitable substrates and their mechanical properties, different types of fabrication methods for thin film transistors and memristors applicable to flexible substrates (vacuum‐ or solution‐based), applications and comparison with rigid substrates while additionally delving into matters associated with their monolithic integration.
In Situ Formed ROS‐Responsive Hydrogel with STING Agonist and Gemcitabine to Intensify Immunotherapy against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Meng , Hu Qida , Huang Junming , Zhang Fu , Yao Zhuo , Shao Shiyi , Zhao Xinyu , Liang Tingbo
Published: March 2023

Immunotherapy, the most revolutionary anticancer strategy, faces major obstacles in yielding desirable outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, when used alone, the traditional first‐line chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GEM) in PDAC treatment is also insufficient to achieve lasting efficacy. In this study, a reactive oxygen species degradable hydrogel system, denoted as GEM‐STING@Gel, is engineered to codeliver gemcitabine and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist DMXAA (5,6‐dimethylxanthenone‐4‐acetic acid) into the tumor site. In this work, the strategy addresses the major challenges of current immunotherapies with a facile platform, which can synergistically activate innate immunity and promote the cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltration at the tumor site, thereby modulating the immunosuppressive TME. Further, the efficient therapeutic potency of the immunotherapy is confirmed in an orthotopic postsurgical model, unleashing the translational potential to prevent tumor recurrence after surgical resection. This study underscores the advantages of this integrative strategy that combines chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and biomaterial‐based hydrogel, including improved therapeutic efficacy, operational convenience, and superior biosafety.
Tailor‐Made White Photothermal Fabrics: A Bridge between Pragmatism and Aesthetic
Authors: Chang Jian , Shi Le , Zhang Miao , Li Renyuan , Shi Yifeng , Yu Xiaowen , Pang Kanglei , Qu Liangti , Wang Peng , Yuan Jiayin
Published: March 2023

Maintaining human thermal comfort in the cold outdoors is crucial for diverse outdoor activities, e.g., sports and recreation, healthcare, and special occupations. To date, advanced clothes are employed to collect solar energy as a heat source to stand cold climates, while their dull dark photothermal coating may hinder pragmatism in outdoor environments and visual sense considering fashion. Herein, tailor‐made white webs with strong photothermal effect are proposed. With the embedding of cesium–tungsten bronze (CsxWO3) nanoparticles (NPs) as additive inside nylon nanofibers, these webs are capable of drawing both near‐infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) light in sunlight for heating. Their exceptional photothermal conversion capability enables 2.5–10.5 °C greater warmth than that of a commercial sweatshirt of six times greater thickness under different climates. Remarkably, this smart fabric can increase its photothermal conversion efficiency in a wet state. It is optimal for fast sweat or water evaporation at human comfort temperature (38.5 °C) under sunlight, and its role in thermoregulation is equally important to avoid excess heat loss in wilderness survival. Obviously, this smart web with considerable merits of shape retention, softness, safety, breathability, washability, and on‐demand coloration provides a revolutionary solution to realize energy‐saving outdoor thermoregulation and simultaneously satisfy the needs of fashion and aesthetics.
Electrochemical Deposition (ECD) of ZnO as the Photoanode in Dual‐Chamber Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Methyl Red Degradation
Authors: Niang Antonio Choon Kiat anak , Liu Jia Chee , Tay Meng Guan
Published: March 2023

Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is known to treat the organic‐based wastewater efficiently. The coating method of zinc(II) oxide (ZnO) as the photocatalyst on the zinc (Zn) plate of photoanode plays important role in maintaining the efficiency and power generation from PFC. In the present study, a new coating method of ZnO on the zinc plate is developed by using electrochemical deposition (ECD) and the removal efficiency as well as power generation are compared with typical ultrasonicate method. A dual‐chamber PFC is constructed with ZnO/Zn photoanode and graphite plate as the cathode to treat methyl red dye synthetic wastewater. The surface morphology of both coating methods of ZnO/Zn photoanode is observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the treatments. The dual chamber PFC with ECD coating shows a faster complete degradation rate with higher power generation than ultrasonicate method. Although, both coating methods can reach to 100% degradation efficiency of methyl red dye, the maximum power output for ultrasonicate method is 134.67 mW cm−2 while for ECD is 285.30 mW cm−2 under optimum conditions.
Tuning Photoluminescence of CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots through Plasmonic Nanofingers
Authors: Su Guangxu , Hu Pan , Xiao Youfeng , Hu Junzheng , Pan Dalong , Zhan Peng , Haas Stephan , Wu Wei , Liu Fanxin
Published: March 2023

All‐inorganic perovskites have recently drawn considerable attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. With the help of gap‐plasmon nanostructures, the optical properties of perovskites can be tuned through the coupled near‐field. Here, the optical coupling between CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) and gap‐plasmon through placing QDs in a 2‐nm tetrahedral amorphous carbon gap region of collapsible Ag nanofingers is demonstrated. Compared to the CsPbBr3 QDs on SiO2, the photoluminescence (PL) of CsPbBr3 QDs on collapsed nanofinger is enhanced by 4 times and the lifetime decreases from 11.04 to 3.8 ns. A Purcell‐enhanced emission can be achieved by combining QDs and plasmonic nanofingers. In addition, the intensity of PL can be manipulated by the polarization of incident light because of the different polarization responses of dimer nanofingers. More importantly, PL intensity shows a quadric dependence on the incident power and lasing‐like PL spectra can be observed at room temperature by continuous‐wave laser excitation. Such observations can be ascribed to the strong coupling between CsPbBr3 QDs and surrounding Ag nanofingers. This finding indicates that it is possible to achieve lasing‐like PL through coupling CsPbBr3 QDs to the near‐field of plasmonic nanostructures, which can enrich the applications of CsPbBr3 QDs in nanolasing devices.
Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Host–Guest Doped Crystalline Systems
Authors: Demangeat Catherine , Tang Yipeng , Dou Yixuan , Dale Sherrice , Cielo Jakob , Kim Eunkyoung , Lee Ha‐Jin , D'Aléo Anthony , Hu Bin , Attias André‐Jean
Published: March 2023

Controlling and predicting the long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from organic materials are the next challenges to address for the realization of new efficient organic RTP systems. Here, a new approach is developed to reach these objectives by considering host–guest doped crystals, as well‐suited model systems in that they allow the comprehensive understanding of synergetic structural interactions between crystalline host matrices and emitting guest molecules, one of the key parameters to understand the correlation between the solid‐state organization and crystal RTP performances. Two series of σ‐conjugated donor/acceptor (D‐σ‐A) carbazole‐based matrices and isomeric 1H‐benzo[f]indole‐based dopants are designed, capable of exploring a wide variety of conformations thanks to large rotational degrees of freedom provided by the σ‐conjugation. By correlating the results of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and photoluminescence properties, a necessary and sufficient condition for RTP is established that paves the way for the development of new long‐lived RTP host–guest doped systems.
The Imbalance of p53–Park7 Signaling Axis Induces Iron Homeostasis Dysfunction in Doxorubicin‐Challenged Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Pan Jianan , Xiong Weiyao , Zhang Alian , Zhang Hui , Lin Hao , Gao Lin , Ke Jiahan , Huang Shuying , Zhang Junfeng , Gu Jun , Chang Alex Chia Yu , Wang Changqian
Published: March 2023

Doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity (DoIC) is a major side effect for cancer patients. Recently, ferroptosis, triggered by iron overload, is demonstrated to play a role in DoIC. How iron homeostasis is dysregulated in DoIC remains to be elucidated. Here, the authors demonstrate that DOX challenge exhibits reduced contractile function and induction of ferroptosis‐related phenotype in cardiomyocytes, evidenced by iron overload, lipid peroxide accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Compared to Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) induced secondary iron overload, DOX‐challenged cardiomyocytes show a dysfunction of iron homeostasis, with decreased cytoplasmic and mitochondrial iron–sulfur (FeS) cluster‐mediated aconitase activity and abnormal expression of iron homeostasis–related proteins. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry analysis identified DOX‐treatment induces p53‐dependent degradation of Parkinsonism associated deglycase (Park7) which results in iron homeostasis dysregulation. Park7 counteracts iron overload by regulating iron regulatory protein family transcription while blocking mitochondrial iron uptake. Knockout of p53 or overexpression of Park7 in cardiomyocytes remarkably restores the activity of FeS cluster and iron homeostasis, inhibits ferroptosis, and rescues cardiac function in DOX treated animals. These results demonstrate that the iron homeostasis plays a key role in DoIC ferroptosis. Targeting of the newly identified p53–Park7 signaling axis may provide a new approach to prevent DoIC.
Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays: Preparation and Applications
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , Zhang Hantang , Zhang Jing , Liu Jie , Lei Ming , Jiang Lang
Published: March 2023

The study of organic semiconductor single crystal (OSSC) arrays has recently attracted considerable interest given their potential applications in flexible displays, smart wearable devices, biochemical sensors, etc. Patterning of OSSCs is the prerequisite for the realization of organic integrated circuits. Patterned OSSCs can not only decrease the crosstalk between adjacent organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), but also can be conveniently integrated with other device elements which facilitate circuits application. Tremendous efforts have been devoted in the controllable preparation of OSSC arrays, and great progress has been achieved. In this review, the general strategies for patterning OSSCs are summarized, along with the discussion of the advantages and limitations of different patterning methods. Given the identical thickness of monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) which is beneficial to achieve super uniformity of OSSC arrays and devices, patterning of MMCs is also emphasized. Then, OFET performance is summarized with comparison of the mobility and coefficient of variation based on the OSSC arrays prepared by different methods. Furthermore, advances of OSSC array‐based circuits and flexible devices of different functions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges that need to be tackled in the future are presented.
Scalable and Controllable Synthesis of Pt‐Ni Bunched‐Nanocages Aerogels as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zheng Yuanyuan , Petersen Amanda Schramm , Wan Hao , Hübner René , Zhang Jiangwei , Wang Jianlan , Qi Haoyuan , Ye Yuhong , Liang Chaolun , Yang Jing , Cui Zhiming , Meng Yuezhong , Zheng Zhikun , Rossmeisl Jan , Liu Wei
Published: March 2023

Developing efficient and stable Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts via both economical and controllable routes is critical for the practical application of electrochemical energy devices. Herein, a scalable, controllable, and general ambient‐O2‐involved aqueous‐solution cultivating strategy to prepare PtxMy (M = Ni, Fe, Co) bunched‐nanocages aerogels (BNCs AG) is demonstrated, based on a newly established high‐M‐to‐Pt‐precursor‐ratio‐and‐B‐incorporation‐facilitated M‐rich core and Pt‐rich shell hydrogel formation process. The Pt83Ni17 BNCs AG shows prominent ORR performance with a mass activity (MA) of 1.95 A mgPt−1 and specific activity of 3.55 mA cm−2, which are 8.9‐times and 9.6‐times that of Pt supported on carbon (Pt/C), respectively. Particularly, the Pt83Ni17 BNCs AG displays greatly enhanced durability (MA 82.6% retention) compared to Pt/C (MA 31.8% retention) after a 20 000‐cycles accelerated durability test. Systematic studies including density functional theory calculations uncover that the excellent activity is closely related to the optimized ligand and strain effects with the optimized Ni content in this aerogel; the outstanding durability is endowed by the lowered‐down Ni leaching with the optimized Pt/Ni ratio and the inhibited sintering due to its appropriate porosity. This work provides new perspectives on the development of electrocatalysts with both high performance and low cost.
Degradation of High Nickel Li‐Ion Cathode Materials Induced by Exposure to Fully‐Charged State and Its Mitigation
Authors: Sun H. Hohyun , Pollard Travis P. , Borodin Oleg , Xu Kang , Allen Jan L.
Published: March 2023

Ni‐rich layered oxides are strong candidates for next–generation high‐energy batteries. Unlike batteries in typical laboratory settings, batteries in practical applications are generally not discharged immediately upon reaching a fully charged state, but instead, remain there for varying periods of time before usage. Such a state places immense electrochemical stress on the cathode as much of the Ni‐rich layered oxide degradation mechanisms occur at the highly charged/delithiated state. Differentiating between lab and practical use cases, it is shown for Li[Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05]O2 that even the introduction of a short dwell period at the highly charged state leads to substantial differences in cycling performance (capacity retention of 89.4% vs 37.5% at the 100th cycle with or without dwelling, respectively). To overcome the rapid deterioration at high voltage, antimony is used as a dopant to reduce the lattice instability of the high Ni layer structure, especially at the grain boundaries regions, where degradation concentrates at the cathode‐electrolyte interfaces. The resulting Li[Ni0.895Co0.05Mn0.05Sb0.05]O2 cathode material not only maintains stability during extended dwelling periods at the charged state, but also accommodates superior fast‐charge capabilities.
Use of six annual companion crops to establish alfalfa–timothy mixtures at different seeding dates
Authors: St‐Pierre‐Lepage Sandrine , Seguin Philippe , Georlette Céline , Halde Caroline , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Martel Huguette , Akpakouma Ayitre
Published: March 2023

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is the main species used as a companion crop when establishing perennial forages in eastern Canada, and, although other annual species are used, they have not been systematically evaluated. A field study was conducted across five environments to contrast the use of six annual species (berseem clover, Trifolium alexandrinum L.; forage peas, Pisum sativum L.; annual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lamarck; oat; Japanese millet, Echinochloa esculenta [A. Braun] H. Scholz; sudangrass, Sorghum × drummondii [Nees ex. Steud.] Millsp. & Chase) as companion crops for the establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)‐timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures. The control treatment consisted of the perennial species seeded without companion crop. Treatments were seeded at three dates and evaluated during the seeding and post‐seeding years. The performance of the six companion crops evaluated herein varied depending on the seeding date and the environment. For a mid‐May to early June seeding total seeding year forage mass was greatest with use of oat, Japanese millet, or sudangrass as companion crops; for a mid‐June to late June seeding with Japanese millet or sudangrass; and for a late July to early August seeding with oat or Japanese millet. These species, however, reduced in some environments seeding year alfalfa or timothy mass compared to a control seeded without a companion crop. Such reduction was also observed in some environments in the first post‐seeding year. Companion crop choice to establish alfalfa–timothy mixtures needs to take into consideration seeding date and forage needs on the short term versus the long term.
Plug‐and‐Play Continuous Variable Measurement‐Device‐Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Zhou Jian , Feng Yanyan , Shi Jinjing , Shi Ronghua
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a continuous variable (CV) measurement‐device‐independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using Gaussian modulated coherent states is proposed. The MDI is first proposed to resist the attacks on the detection equipment by introducing an untrusted relay. However, the necessity of propagation of local oscillator between legitimate users and the relay makes the implementation of CV‐MDI‐QKD highly impractical. By introducing the plug‐and‐play (P&P) technique into CV‐MDI‐QKD, the problems of polarization drifts caused by environmental disturbance and the security loopholes during the local oscillator transmission are solved naturally. The proposed scheme is superior to the previous CV‐MDI‐QKD protocol on the aspect of implementation. The security bounds of the P&P CV‐MDI‐QKD under the Gaussian collective attack are analyzed. It is believed that the technique presented in this paper can be extended to quantum network.
Nanocomposite of nickel benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid metal organic framework with multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A robust and effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction in water splitting
Authors: Kiran Sonia , Jabbour Karam , Yasmeen Ghazala , Shafiq Zahid , Abbas Amir , Manzoor Sumaira , Hussain Javid , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Bajaber Majed A. , Ragab Ahmed H. , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem
Published: March 2023

In the current era, the development of robust, eco‐friendly, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for generating hydrogen energy by water electrolysis has become a major challenge. This work explains the electrocatalytic performance of cost‐effective and amiable novel Ni‐BTC‐MWCNTs‐a as an active and effective electrocatalyst for OER in alkaline media. The catalytic activity of the nanocomposite is increased by heat treatment at 400°C temperature for 3 h. Systematic morphological and structural characterization studies of solvothermal synthesized materials were carried out by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis techniques. Metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based composites exhibit improved catalytic performance owing to the synergistic effect of Nickel BTC MOF, MWCNTs support, and high‐temperature annealing (400°C). Among all as‐synthesized materials, the annealed Ni‐BTC‐MWCNT‐a exhibits admirable catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at low value for over potential (η) 243 m V, small Tafel slope value 57 mV dec−1, smaller charge transfer resistance (0.274 Ω), and higher electrochemical active surface area (2000 cm2) with maximum durability for 23 h and utilized as auspicious alternate with excellent catalytic activity in water splitting OER process for producing hydrogen energy at large scale other than highly expensive electrocatalysts of Ir, Ru, Pd, and Pt oxides.
An Examination of the Career Choices of Nursing Graduates After Completing a Perioperative Elective
Authors: Cox Catherine Wilson , Rumble Michelle M. , McNelis Angela M. , Walsh Heather A.
Published: March 2023

In light of the perioperative nursing shortage, academic leaders at a mid‐Atlantic school of nursing and leaders of three health care systems implemented an academic‐practice partnership with the goal of increasing interest in this specialty. Nursing researchers used a descriptive study design to collect data from nursing alumni who participated in the perioperative elective between 2017 and 2021. They found that 25 (38%) of 65 graduates who participated in the elective entered perioperative nursing and 38 (68%) of 56 graduates who answered a question on considering future employment as a perioperative nurse indicated they would do so regardless of their current employment status. Graduates who participated in the elective and experienced a perioperative capstone placement had low anticipated turnover scores and intended to remain in a perioperative position. Academic and health care leaders should consider academic‐practice partnerships as a strategy to recruit and retain perioperative nurses.
Clinical Issues — April 2023
Authors: Seeman Kristyn
Published: March 2023

THIS MONTH

Flying insects in the OR

Key words: fly, pest control, infestation, surgical wound classification, sterile field.

Reprocessing and reusing single‐use devices

Key words: US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), reprocessing, manufacturer, single‐use devices (SUDs), adverse event.

Using instrument‐marking tape

Key words: instrument tape, sterile processing, manufacturer's instructions for use (IFU), inspection, unintentionally retained surgical item.

Epinephrine in orthopedic irrigation

Key words: epinephrine, irrigation, vasoconstrictor, arthroscopic procedures, visual field.
The origin of an invasive air sac system in sauropodomorph dinosaurs
Authors: Aureliano Tito , Ghilardi Aline M. , Müller Rodrigo T. , Kerber Leonardo , Fernandes Marcelo A. , Ricardi‐Branco Fresia , Wedel Mathew J.
Published: March 2023

One of the most remarkable features in sauropod dinosaurs relates to their pneumatized skeletons permeated by a bird‐like air sac system. Many studies described the late evolution and diversification of this trait in mid to late Mesozoic forms but few focused on the origin of the invasive respiratory diverticula in sauropodomorphs. Fortunately, it is possible to solve this thanks to the boom of new species described in the last decade as well as the broad accessibility of new technologies. Here we analyze the unaysaurid sauropodomorph Macrocollum itaquii from the Late Triassic (early Norian) of southern Brazil using micro‐computed tomography. We describe the chronologically oldest and phylogenetically earliest unambiguous evidence of an invasive air sac system in a dinosaur. Surprisingly, this species presented a unique pattern of pneumatization in non‐sauropod sauropodomorphs, with pneumatic foramina in posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae. This suggests that patterns of pneumatization were not cladistically consistent prior to the arrival of Jurassic eusauropods. Additionally, we describe the protocamerae tissue, a new type of pneumatic tissue with properties of both camellae and camerae. This reverts the previous hypothesis which stated that the skeletal pneumatization first evolved into camarae, and derived into delicate trabecular arrangements. This tissue is evidence of thin camellate‐like tissue developing into larger chambers. Finally, Macrocollum is an example of the gradual evolution of skeletal tissues responding to the fastly specializing Respiratory System of saurischian dinosaurs.
Rational entropy‐based fuzzy fault tolerant control for descriptor stochastic distribution networked control systems with packet dropout
Authors: Li Lifan , Yao Lina
Published: March 2023

The fault tolerant control (FTC) problem based on rational entropy performance criteria is researched for fuzzy descriptor stochastic distribution networked control (SDNC) systems with packet dropout. The independent Bernoulli distribution is employed to describe the packet dropout in the feedback channel. The static model and the dynamic model of descriptor SDNC systems are built up by the rational square‐root fuzzy logic model (FLM) and the T‐S fuzzy model, respectively. When the given output probability density function (PDF) is not known, the minimization of output randomness becomes an important control target. First, the unknown fault is estimated by developing the fuzzy fault estimation observer. Then, the fault tolerant controller with the fault compensation is designed so that the output of the descriptor SDNC system remains with the minimum uncertainty after the fault occurs. A simulation example is supplied to prove the proposed scheme.
Hybrid based on Phenazine Conjugated Microporous Polymer as a High‐Performance Organic Electrode in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Alván Diego , Grieco Rebecca , Patil Nagaraj , Mavrandonakis Andreas , Liras Marta , Marcilla Rebeca
Published: March 2023

Incorporating redox active units in a 3D porous network is an encouraging strategy to enhance electrochemical performance of organic electrode materials. Herein, a new hybrid composed by phenazine‐based conjugated microporous polymer (IEP‐27‐SR, stand for IMDEA Energy Polymer number 27) and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide (RGO) is synthesized, fully characterized and tested electrochemically in different aqueous electrolyte conditions, i. e., at various pH values (1–12) and also with different charge carriers (H+ in acidic, and Li+, Na+, K+ in neutral and alkaline electrolytes). Although the IEP‐27‐SR is found to be very versatile showing very good electrochemistry both in alkaline and acidic solution, it exhibits best specific capacity, redox kinetics and cycle stability in acidic electrolyte. Then encouragingly, when IEP‐27‐SR is combined with an activated carbon (AC) counter electrode to construct a proof‐of‐the‐concept device, the IEP‐27‐SR//AC demonstrates high specific capacity (168 mAh g−1 at 2 C), impressive rate performance (96 mAh g−1 at 60 C) and ultra‐long cycle stability (76 % capacity retention over 28800 cycles at 10 C; 2690 h) in 1 M H2SO4.
Directed evolution of glyphosate oxidase and a chemiluminescence system for glyphosate detection: A comprehensive practical laboratory experiment on biotechnology
Authors: Li Chanjuan , Wu Gaobing , Fan Xuezhu , Guo Siqi , Qin Yuqing , Hu Yonggang , Ruan Lifang
Published: March 2023

This article describes a comprehensive practical laboratory method for developing an enzyme to more easily measure glyphosate levels in solution. Through this article, undergraduate students of biology majors can conduct research experiments in critical fields by utilizing various techniques, such as chemiluminescence (CL) biosensors with engineered enzymes and are guided in molecular biology laboratories. A glyphosate oxidase mutant library was constructed by DNA shuffling, and a glyphosate oxidase variant with increased glyphosate degradation activity was selected by using a high‐throughput screening assay. Following protein overexpression in Escherichia coli (DE3) and purification by affinity chromatography, the glyphosate oxidase variant protein combined with luminol–H2O2 reaction was constructed as a new CL biosensor for detecting glyphosate in soils.
Incidence and prognostic impact of HER2‐positivity loss after dual HER2‐directed neoadjuvant therapy for HER2+ breast cancer
Authors: LeVee Alexis , Spector Kellie , Larkin Brigid , Dezem Felipe , Plummer Jasmine , Dadmanesh Farnaz , Patil Sujata , McArthur Heather L.
Published: March 2023

Background

Loss of HER2 “positivity” can occur in patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment, but the incidence of HER2‐positivity loss after neoadjuvant dual HER2‐targeted treatment plus chemotherapy, the current standard‐of‐care for most early stage HER2‐positive breast cancers, is not well described. Previous studies that report the HER2 discordance rate after neoadjuvant treatment also do not include the novel HER2‐low category. In this retrospective study, we determine the incidence and prognostic impact of HER2‐positivity loss, including the evolution to HER2‐low disease, after neoadjuvant dual HER2‐targeted therapy with chemotherapy.

Methods

Clinicopathologic data for patients with stage I‐III HER2+ breast cancer diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 were reviewed in this single institution retrospective study. Patients who received dual HER2‐targeted treatment with chemotherapy were included, and HER2 status before and after neoadjuvant therapy was interrogated.

Results

A total of 163 female patients were included in the analysis with a median age of 50 years. A pathologic complete response (pCR as defined by ypT0/is) was achieved in 102 (62.5%) of 163 evaluable patients. Among the 61 patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, 36 (59.0%) had HER2‐positive and 25 (41.0%) had HER2‐negative residual disease. Of the 25 patients with HER2‐negative residual disease, 22 (88%) of patients were classified as HER2‐low. After a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, patients who retained HER2‐positivity after neoadjuvant treatment had a 3‐year IDFS rate of 91% (95% CI, 91%–100%), while patients who lost HER2‐positivity had a 3‐year IDFS rate of 82% (95% CI, 67%–100%).

Conclusion

Almost half of patients with residual disease following neoadjuvant dual HER2‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy lost HER2‐positivity. The loss of HER2‐positivity may not confer negative prognostic impact, although the results were limited by short follow‐up time. Further research on the HER2 status after neoadjuvant treatment may help guide treatment decisions in the adjuvant setting.
Prevalence, severity, and predictors of symptom burden among adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Li Qing , Nathan Paul C. , D'Agostino Norma , Baxter Nancy N. , Fox Colleen , Chalifour Karine , Coburn Natalie , Sutradhar Rinku
Published: March 2023

Background

Symptom burden in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer is poorly characterized but impacts quality of life.

Methods

All Ontario, Canada AYA aged 15–29 years at diagnosis between 2010 and 2018 were linked to population‐based healthcare databases, including to Edmonton Symptom Assessment System‐revised (ESAS) scores, an 11‐point scale routinely obtained at the time of cancer‐related outpatient visits and collected provincially. Multistate models estimated mean duration of symptom severity states [none (0) vs. mild (1 vs. 2 vs. 3) vs. moderate (4–6) vs. severe (7–10)], trajectories, and subsequent mortality risk. Variables associated with severe symptoms were also determined.

Results

In total, 4296 AYA with ≥1 ESAS score within a year of diagnosis were included (median age 25 years). Prevalent moderate/severe symptoms included fatigue (59% of AYA) and anxiety (44%). Across symptom type, AYA reporting moderate symptoms were likelier to subsequently experience improvement versus worsening. Risk of death within 6 months increased with increasing symptom burden and was highest in AYA with severe dyspnea (9.0%), pain (8.0%), or drowsiness (7.5%). AYA in the poorest urban neighborhoods were more likely to experience severe symptoms than in the wealthiest areas, with twice the odds of reporting severe depression [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.95, 95th confidence interval (95% CI) 1.37–2.78], pain (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.39–2.70), and dyspnea (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.27–3.02).

Conclusions

AYA with cancer experience substantial symptom burden. Risk of death increased with symptom severity. Interventions targeting cancer fatigue and anxiety, and targeting AYA in lower‐income neighborhoods, are likely to improve quality of life in this population.
An exceptional case of degenerative endometriosis of the uterine torus
Authors: Merviel Philippe , Rebahi Christie , James Pandora , Kergastel Isabelle , Bourhis‐Guizien Fanny , Conan‐Charlet Virginie , Derquin Fanny , Hardy‐Bessard Anne‐Claire , Dupré Pierre‐François , Morcel Karine
Published: March 2023

There are less than ten cases of deep endometriosis degeneration in the literature. The duration of endometriosis, the ovarian stimulation, the perimenopause and the obesity exposes the woman to an increased risk of endometriosis degeneration.
Partial least squares regression with multiple domains
Authors: Mikulasek Bianca , Fonseca Diaz Valeria , Gabauer David , Herwig Christoph , Nikzad‐Langerodi Ramin
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces the multiple domain‐invariant partial least squares (mdi‐PLS) method, which generalizes the recently introduced domain‐invariant partial least squares method (di‐PLS). In contrast to di‐PLS which solely allows transferring of knowledge from a single source to a single target domain, the proposed approach enables the incorporation of data from an arbitrary number of domains. Additionally, mdi‐PLS offers a high level of flexibility by accepting labeled (supervised) and unlabeled (unsupervised) data to cope with dataset shifts. We demonstrate the application of the mdi‐PLS method on a simulated and one real‐world dataset. Our results show a clear outperformance of both PLS and di‐PLS when data from multiple related domains are available for training multivariate calibration models underpinning the benefit of mdi‐PLS.
Binary molten salt in situ synthesis of sandwich‐structure hybrids of hollow β‐Mo2C nanotubes and N‐doped carbon nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Gong Tianyu , Liu Yang , Cui Kai , Xu Jiali , Hou Linrui , Xu Haowen , Liu Ruochen , Deng Jianlin , Yuan Changzhou
Published: March 2023

Focused exploration of earth‐abundant and cost‐efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts with superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance is very important for large‐scale and efficient electrolysis of water. Herein, a sandwich composite structure (designed as MS‐Mo2C@NCNS) of β‐Mo2C hollow nanotubes (HNT) and N‐doped carbon nanosheets (NCNS) is designed and prepared using a binary NaCl–KCl molten salt (MS) strategy for HER. The temperature‐dominant Kirkendall formation mechanism is tentatively proposed for such a three‐dimensional hierarchical framework. Due to its attractive structure and componential synergism, MS‐Mo2C@NCNS exposes more effective active sites, confers robust structural stability, and shows significant electrocatalytic activity/stability in HER, with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and an overpotential of only 98 mV in 1 M KOH. Density functional theory calculations point to the synergistic effect of Mo2C HNT and NCNS, leading to enhanced electronic transport and suitable adsorption free energies of H* (ΔGH*) on the surface of electroactive Mo2C. More significantly, the MS‐assisted synthetic methodology here provides an enormous perspective for the commercial development of highly active non‐noble metal electrocatalysts toward efficient hydrogen evolution.
Thermally insulating and fire‐retardant bio‐mimic structural composites with a negative Poisson's ratio for battery protection
Authors: Du Fengyin , Jin Zuquan , Yang Ruizhe , Hao Menglong , Wang Jiawei , Xu Gang , Zuo Wenqiang , Geng Zifan , Pan Hao , Li Tian , Zhang Wei , She Wei
Published: March 2023

Battery safety has attracted considerable attention worldwide due to the rapid development of wearable electronics and the steady increase in the production and use of electric vehicles. As battery failures are often associated with mechanical‐thermal coupled behaviors, protective shielding materials with excellent mechanical robustness and flame‐retardant properties are highly desired to mitigate thermal runaway. However, most of the thermal insulating materials are not strong enough to protect batteries from mechanical abuse, which is one of the most critical scenarios with catastrophic consequences. Here, inspired by wood, we have developed an effective approach to engineer a hierarchical nanocomposite via self‐assembly of calcium silicate hydrate and polyvinyl alcohol polymer chains (referred as CSH wood). The versatile protective material CSH wood demonstrates an unprecedented combination of light weight (0.018 g cm−3), high stiffness (204 MPa in the axial direction), negative Poisson's ratio (−0.15), remarkable toughness (6.67 × 105 J m−3), superior thermal insulation (0.0204 W m−1 K−1 in the radial direction), and excellent fire retardancy (UL94‐V0). When applied as a protective cover or a protective layer within battery packages, the tough CSH wood can resist high‐impact load and block heat diffusion to block or delay the spread of fire, therefore significantly reducing the risk of property damage or bodily injuries caused by battery explosions. This work provides new pathways for fabricating advanced thermal insulating materials with large scalability and demonstrates great potential for the protection of electronic devices.
The significance of M1‐polarized CD163+ macrophages in acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD): Possible mechanisms of GVHD in the development of skin lesions
Authors: Muto Yusuke , Fujimura Taku , Kambayashi Yumi , Ohuchi Kentaro , Lyu Chunbing , Terui Hitoshi , Mizuashi Masato , Aiba Setsuya , Asano Yoshihide
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is an important complication of bone marrow transplantation. Recent reports suggest the significance of T‐cell subsets (Th1, Th17, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells) as well as CD163+ macrophages in the development of cutaneous GVHD. CD163+ macrophages produce various chemokines to establish the immunological microenvironment following stimulation by stromal factors in lesional skin. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the main source of IFN‐inducible chemokines in the lesional skin of GVHD.

Methods

We employed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD163 as well as interferon (IFN)‐inducible chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) to determine if the main source of IFN‐inducible chemokines in the lesional skin of GVHD was CD163+ macrophages. Moreover, we investigated the possible cytokine profiles of lesional skin in GVHD by evaluating phospho‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT) expression in epidermal keratinocytes.

Results

Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections for CD163 revealed that CXCL9‐expressing cells, CXCL10‐expressing cells, and CXCL11‐expressing cells were detected in adjacent to CD163+ TAMs in the dermis. In contrast, there were no CCL17‐expressing cells or CCL22‐expressing cells in the dermis. The nuclei of epidermal keratinocytes in GVHD expressed pSTAT1, pSTAT3, and pSTAT5B.

Conclusions

The chemokine expression patterns on CD163+ macrophages matched the expected phosphorylation pattern of epidermal STATs. Our present study suggested that CD163 + macrophages may be a therapeutic target in GVHD.
Rapid Access to Polysubstituted Tetrahydrocarbazol‐4‐ones via Sequential Selective C—H Functionalization from N‐Nitrosoanilines
Authors: Li Chan , Yang Yanchen , Fang Feifei , Liu Chaoyi , Li Chunpu , Wang Dechuan , Liu Hong
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, we have developed a strategy of Rh(III)‐catalyzed C—H activation of N‐nitrosoanilines and iodonium ylides to construct novel tetralydrocarbzol‐4‐one scaffolds, which provided valuable templates for sequential C—H functionalization such as alkylation, alkenylation, amidation and (hetero)arylation at C5‐position of tetralydrocarbzol‐4‐one with different coupling partners. Gram‐scale synthesis and further transformations of tetralydrocarbzol‐4‐one derivatives to Ondansetron and its analogues demonstrated the utility of this protocol, which enabled the concise and diverse construction of biologically active molecules.
Peanut allergy burden survey: Factors associated with health‐related quality of life in adolescents
Authors: McCann William A. , Nowak‐Wegrzyn Anna , Hass Steven L. , Huang Danmeng , Donelson Sarah M.
Published: March 2023

Background

Patients with peanut allergy (PA) experience significant burden of illness, which impacts health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly in adolescence. There is a paucity of research evaluating drivers of HRQoL scores.

Methods

A prospective, online survey of adolescents with self‐reported, provider‐diagnosed PA completed from November 2018 to January 2019 was used to explore drivers of the real‐world impact of PA on HRQoL using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) and other measures. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify potential factors associated with PedsQL scores and to understand the level of association.

Results

A total of 102 adolescents were included. The final model included 10 variables: race, reported strict peanut avoidance, satisfaction with prophylaxis, moderate‐to‐severe reaction within the past 12 months, touching peanut as cause of most severe reaction, fear of reaction, age, gender, comorbidities, and daily life limitations. In total, three items were shown to be strong predictors of the PedsQL total score including cause of severe reaction was touching peanut (yes), level of agreement with avoiding peanut (completely agree), and satisfaction with prophylaxis (not very much/not at all).

Conclusions

There is substantial heterogeneity in the impact of the burden of PA on PedsQL scores across patients. This indicates the importance of shared and individualized decision making for PA management to optimize outcomes and improve HRQoL.
Developing integrated care pathways for atopic dermatitis—Challenges and unmet needs
Authors: Zuberbier Torsten , Beck Lisa A. , Bedbrook Anna , de Bruin‐Weller Marjolein , Bousquet Jean , Cork Michael , Douladiris Nikolaos , Katoh Norito , Mortz Charlotte G. , Werfel Thomas , Wojciech Francuzik , Wollenberg Andreas , Siemens Kristina , Stevanovic Katarina , Worm Margitta ,   AD‐ICPs Working Group
Published: March 2023

Background

GA2LEN‐ADCARE is a branch of the largest multidisciplinary network of research centres and clinical care in allergy and asthma, GA2LEN, focussing on the field of atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with high burden and many comorbidities requiring different levels of treatment. The need for aligned information from all involved healthcare providers led to the discussion of an integrated care pathway (ICP) plan for AD patient care involving all stakeholders and considering the complexity and variability of the disease, with a particular focus placed on the large number of patients with milder forms of AD.

Methods

The GA2LEN ADCARE network and all stakeholders, abbreviated the AD‐ICPs working group, were involved in the discussion and preparation of the AD‐ICPs during a series of subgroup workshops and meetings in years 2020 and 2021.

Results

Here we discuss the unmet needs in AD, the methodology for devising an AD‐ICP and the ICP action plan.

Conclusion

The GA2LEN ADCARE network has outlined the unmet needs in AD and provided an action plan for devising AD‐ICPs, considering the complexity and variability of the disease.