bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second‐best Rates of Effective Protection with Imperfect
Substitution
Authors: Milner Chris
Published: May 2006

Demonstrates the implications of imperfect substitutability between
domestic and imported final goods for the determination of second‐best
nominal and effective tariffs in a general equilibrium setting. The
analysis of second‐best interventions for given policy distortions
extends that by Ruffin and Casas on homogeneous goods to the case where
there is product heterogeneity. The second‐best optimal effective rate
of protection for given policy distortions is shown to depend upon the
nature of the policy distortion and the degree of substitutability
between imported and domestic varieties. Although imperfect substitution
reduces the extent to which effective protection can be determined from
the structure of protection, it increases the extent to which second
best tariffs can be determined in a qualitative sense at least when
compared with the traditional, perfect substitution case.
Gradual Output Adjustment and Expansionary Monetary Policy
Authors: Lawler Philip
Published: May 2006

Examines the effects of a monetary expansion on certain key
macroeconomic variables, in particular the nominal exchange rate,
competitiveness, and domestic output and employment, using a modified
version of the Dornbusch (Journal of Political Economy, 1976)
model. Dornbusch′s original analysis of the implications of sticky
prices was conducted on the basis of two alternative assumptions
concerning the supply side of the economy, a fixed (full‐employment)
level of output and (in his Appendix) continuous goods market clearing,
maintained by instantaneous output adjustment. Neither of these
assumptions appears particularly satisfactory and the model presented
here attempts to address the issue by assuming output to be
instantaneously fixed, but to respond gradually to excess demand or
supply in the goods market. The structure of the resulting model is such
as to imply a third‐order dynamic adjustment process which is solved
explicitly. Two principal conclusions follow from the analysis. First,
despite the fact that the monetary expansion inevitably reduces the
domestic interest rate, nominal exchange rate overshooting need not
result. Second, the dynamics of adjustment are considerably more
complicated than in the original Dornbusch model and may, in fact, be
cyclical in nature.
What Rent Should a Rent Tribunal Set? Some Simple Analytics
of Rent Decontrol
Authors: Reed Geoffrey
Published: May 2006

As deregulation takes place in the UK, rent tribunals are
confronted with the problem of setting a “market rent” for
previously controlled property. A simple partial equilibrium model of a
sector of the rented accommodation market is used to examine the
question of setting a “market rent” in the controlled‐rent
subsector. It is shown that setting the controlled rent equal to the
rent prevailing in the uncontrolled part of the market is sub‐optimal,
and a simple formula is suggested which will give a better estimate of
the true free market rent.
A Diagrammatic Exposition of Portfolio Optimization
Analysis
Authors: Bonetti Shane
Published: May 2006

Presents a technique for diagrammatically representing the
operation of portfolio optimization analysis models.
Exact Aggregation and the Demand for Public Goods
Authors: Weber William L.
Published: May 2006

Extends Mäler′s notion of weak complementarity between a
private good and a public good to non‐homothetic demand functions which
can be exactly aggregated. Aggregate demand functions depending on
private prices, public good quantities and income distribution
statistics can then be used to recover the private individual demand
functions which reveal an individual′s willingness to pay for public
goods.
Wage and Employment Policies in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Riveros Luis A.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the short – and long‐term labour market policies
needed in Czechoslovakia to achieve successfully the economic reforms
envisaged in the current economic programme. Given the similarities with
other Eastern European countries in economic transition, the policy
implications of this analysis can be simply extended to other cases.
Emphasizes that wage indexation, deregulation of the wage structure and
facilitation of labour mobility are key short‐term measures; they
increase the prospects of success not only of structural reform, but
also of other macroeconomic policies aimed at controlling inflation. In
the long term, reforming labour market institutions, especially those
responsible for setting wages and unemployment compensation plans, must
take priority in order to ensure that the labour market functions in
harmony with the overall market environment. Concludes that unemployment
will not cause significant fiscal strain, if dismissals of retired
employees are made a priority, but that nonetheless open unemployment
will be higher than the Government expects. Another conclusion refers to
the adequacy of the wage indexation system to drive down inflationary
expectations and to stimulate employment adjustments. However, warns
about the practical enforcement of the wage policy and the distortionary
effect of the minimum wage policy. With respect to labour mobility,
breaking the link between provision of benefits and jobs is fundamental
for ensuring more rapid adjustment in employment opportunities and the
supply response.
An Economic Analysis of a Cross‐market Subsidy Scheme for
Morocco′s Food Grain Sector
Authors: Azzam Azzeddine M. , Britel Amal
Published: May 2006

To contribute to the economic understanding of alternative
food‐grain policy options for Morocco, examines the fiscal implications
of instituting, in addition to the current soft wheat subsidy, a
consumer and producer subsidy in the related markets of hard wheat and
barley. Subsidizing the two related markets has been suggested by some
economists as a possible means of alleviating the subsidy burden through
shifting supply and demand in the soft wheat market. The analysis shows
that the additional subsidies will not alleviate the problem.
The Performance of Credit Markets under Asymmetric
Information about Project Means and Variances
Authors: Hillier Brian , Ibrahimo M.V.
Published: May 2006

Generalizes existing models of credit markets under asymmetric
information. The general model accommodates the adverse selection
arguments of Stiglitz and Weiss and the favourable selection arguments
of de Meza and Webb, and contains their models as special cases. Market
equilibrium may exhibit credit rationing, while aggregate investment may
be above or below the first‐best level. A novel issue presented is that
inefficiencies may involve not merely the volume of investment but also
its composition.
An Empirical Framework for the Efficiency‐wage Model: Use of Micro Data for Nigeria
Authors: Ezeala‐Harrison Fidel
Published: May 2006

Since the efficiency‐wage theory has graduated from ahypothesisto amodel, there is the need for an established empirical foundation as the basis for continued confidence in the model′s practical validity. To augment the efforts already made in this regard for the industrially developed labour markets, contributes an in‐depth empirical analysis of the model by explicit use of Nigerian data as a prototype of the less developed countries. The results show a very strong case for the empirical validity of the model.
Cyprus under the Common Agricultural Policy: The Impact
Effect
Authors: Michael Michael S.
Published: May 2006

Cyprus has recently applied for full membership of the European
Community (EC). As a member of the Community, Cyprus will experience
economic (political) costs and benefits. Examines the static costs and
benefits for Cyprus′s national income from the application of the Common
Agricultural Policy (CAP). The CAP will cause two types of income
transfers between Cyprus and the rest of the EC: transfers through the
Community′s budget; and direct income transfers from Cyprus′s consumers
to the Community′s producers and vice versa in the form of higher
prices. Using data for 1986 and 1987, demonstrates that Cyprus will have
positive budgetary gains and net direct income transfers from Cypriot
consumers to EC producers. The latter outweigh the former and the total
outcome is a loss for Cyprus′s national income.
Internal and External Balance: The Layard, Nickell and
Jackman Approach to the NAIRU and External Balance
Authors: Barrell Ray
Published: May 2006

The analysis of the processes determining unemployment in an open
economy has been considerably advanced by the work of Layard, Nickell
and Jackman in their book Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance
and the Labour Market. Reviews their contribution. They have
developed an analysis based on the role of the “wedge”
between the producer and consumer wages. This wedge depends, in part, on
the real exchange rate. A change in the wedge may change the bargain
between unions and employers. If it does, then a change in the real
exchange rate may change the equilibrium level of unemployment. It is
frequently claimed that this is, indeed, the case. Argues that the
theoretical and empirical support for this proposition is rather weak.
Is There a Cointegrating Vector for UK Wages?
Authors: Darby Julia , Wren‐Lewis Simon
Published: May 2006

An understanding of the determination of real wages is crucial in
analysing the determination of the natural rate of unemployment or
NAIRU. Uses cointegration techniques to examine a core theoretical model
of the long‐run determinants of real wages involving unit labour costs,
unemployment, union power and the replacement ratio. Considers the
different measures of union power and the duration of unemployment and
alternative specifications involving the “wedge” but a
robust cointegrating relationship is not found. These results can be
interpreted in several ways: concepts such as union power or the
“generosity” of benefits may be measured inadequately; the
theoretical understanding of the long‐run determinants of real earnings
may remain seriously incomplete; alternatively the short spans of data
examined may be insufficient for the application of cointegration
techniques, although the sample sizes examined here are fairly typical
of most macroeconomic time series.
Unemployment Revisited
Authors: Nickell Stephen
Published: May 2006

Discusses a number of issues put forward by the other authors in
this volume. In particular considers the potential role of real interest
rates in unemployment models, the importance of the trade balance and
related constraints in open economy models and the uniqueness and
stability of unemployment equilibria.
Unit Root in the Wage‐Price Spiral Is Not Hysteresis in
Unemployment
Authors: Amable Bruno , Henry Jérôme , Lordon Frédéric , Topol Richard
Published: May 2006

Hysteresis is one of the main concepts used in Layard, Nickell and
Jackman′s book, Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance and the
Labour Market. Attempts to clarify the concept of hysteresis, from
its formal representation to its empirical applications. Emphasizes the
idea that hysteresis refers back to a given set of formal properties,
independently of the phenomenologies within which it is liable to be
encountered. In economics, the fields concerned may indeed vary a lot
(labour market, foreign trade, etc.). By highlighting all the formal
properties of hysteresis, shows how the assimilation of phenomena
characterized by a zero eigenvalue for linear systems (or unit‐root
systems for discrete‐time processes) is wrong and, moreover, how the
imprecise use of the concepts can lead to the particular constraints
affecting unit‐root econometrics being overlooked.
The Doctrine of Relative Purchasing Power Parity
Re‐examined
Authors: Beach Elsworth D. , Cottrell Kruse Nancy , Uri Noel D.
Published: May 2006

Investigates the doctrine of Relative Purchasing Power Parity.
Mixed evidence is found supporting the concept when using a method
analogous to that used by Lucas in testing the quantity theory of money.
Relative Purchasing Power Parity is not consistently rejected in the
long run between Canada and the United States and between Japan and the
United States using quarterly data covering two separate periods: 1957
QI‐1973 QII, and 1973 QIII‐1989 QIV. Given the inconclusive results
associated with relying on the methodology of Lucas, considers two
alternatives: first, where the requisite smoothed time series are
obtained via appropriate autoregressive integrated moving average
filters and, second, where cointegration techniques are employed. In
these instances, the results are unequivocal. Relative Purchasing Power
Parity does not hold.
The Demand for Labour, Capital, Fuels and Electricity: A
Sectoral Model of the United Kingdom Economy
Authors: Harris A. , McAvinchey I.D. , Yannopoulos A.
Published: May 2006

Uses a disaggregated model of United Kingdom factor usage to
provide estimates of demand and substitution elasticities for energy
inputs. Estimates 19 sectors in a two‐stage translog model including
technical change, non‐constant returns and four energy inputs. The
results show considerable variation between sectors in the sign and size
of the elasticities. The disaggregated model allows prediction of the
sectoral change in employment as a consequence of an energy price rise,
and is consistent with a decline of manufacturing employment in the UK
associated with a rise in the aggregate price of energy.
The Functional Form of Import Demand: The Case of UK Motor
Vehicle Imports, 1980‐90
Authors: King Alan
Published: May 2006

In the absence of any theoretical guidance, a solution to the
question of what is the appropriate functional form for an import demand
model can only be found empirically. Examines this question in the
context of UK motor vehicle imports by applying a range of tests of
functional form to two, alternatively specified, import demand models:
the “traditional” price‐income model incorporating the
popular but restrictive partial adjustment mechanism and a
cost‐expenditure model that employs a less restrictive lag structure.
Finds, principally that the commonly imposed linear or log‐linear
functional forms cannot be rejected in relation to the price‐income
specification, but there is some evidence that neither functional form
may be appropriate in relation to the theoretically sounder
cost‐expenditure model of import demand.
Causality between Defence Spending and Economic Growth: The
Case of Mainland China
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hsun
Published: May 2006

Using cointegration and Granger causality tests, examines the
causal relationship between defence spending and economic growth in
mainland China over the period 1950‐1991. The results show that defence
spending is not cointegrated with the real economic growth rate,
implying the lack of any long‐run equilibrium relationship between the
two variables. In addition, Granger causality tests indicate causal
independence between the two variables.
Why the Rate of Return to Education Is Apparently Higher in
LDCs than in Developed Countries: A Note
Authors: Moonwon Kang Johan
Published: May 2006

Based on the view that education is partly a superior
consumption‐good generating the pleasure of higher status, indicates
that the measured rate of return to education ignoring utility benefits
from education is generally an underestimated indicator of the real rate
of return. Further, indicates that, in developed countries where utility
benefits are much larger, the rate of return is more heavily
underestimated than in developing countries. Proposes this as another
reason why the observed rate of return is much higher in LDCs than in
developed countries.
Total Quality Control, Just‐in‐Time Management, and the
Economics of the Firm
Authors: Dietrich Michael
Published: May 2006

Examines the implications for the economics of the firm of the
development of total quality control and just‐in‐time management which
are becoming increasingly important for intrafirm resource allocation.
Shows the Alchian and Demsetz and transaction cost perspectives on the
firm and work organization to be theories of a particular management
style rather than a general economics of the firm. Develops an
alternative and more general framework on the basis of the firm as a
strategic framework, defined in terms of the knowledge base of an
organization, rather than a single strategic orientation. This framework
constrains and directs organizationally lower level proactive activity.
Emphasis is placed on the importance of participative management, in
core firms, and an economic rather than legal definition of the firm.
Relative Earnings of Permanent and Casual Employees in a
Mexican City
Authors: Forrest David
Published: May 2006

Uses a data set from Guadalajara, Mexico, to investigate the
determinants of the wage structure of manual employees in the urban
sector of a developing economy. Focuses particular attention on whether
there is a significant difference in remuneration between permanent and
casual employees after allowing for the different human capital and
other characteristics of the two groups. Finds that, once a correction
has also been made for selectivity bias, a substantial wage gap in
favour of permanent employees exists. Also confirms and estimates wage
differentials associated with educational background and union
membership. However, finds no support for the idea that a large
multinational will pay wages above the expected level for a given type
of worker.
Engineering education and qualification in Europe
Authors: Cormack McKenzie John
Published: May 2006

Examines the aim of the EC in allowing free movement of
professionally qualified persons throughout the community. Discusses the
difference in length and structure of EC countries′ engineering degrees,
and the wider context of world‐wide recognition. Concludes that the
objective of recognized qualifications remains implausible due to cost
factors, particularly for developing countries.
Pitched metal roofs
Authors: Falconer Peter
Published: May 2006

Offers guidelines for surveyors dealing with pitched metal roofs
built between the early 1970s and the present. Discusses roof pitch
recommendations, insulation, linings, fastenings, leaks, corrosion, and
sealants. Summarises that surveyors should consider particular points of
corrosion, condensation, leaks and insulations when dealing with metal
roofs.
Fungal decay in oak building timbers
Authors: Ridout B.V.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the forms of decay that can affect oak heartwood, sapwood
and wet oak. Examines white rot fungi and brown rot fungi, in particular
the way in which they attack oak, giving photographic examples of
various types of attack. Considers which forms of rot have structural
significance for buildings.
Refurbishing railway arches
Authors: Beecroft Gregory D.
Published: May 2006

Describes the technical challenges presented by railway arch
refurbishment, and how these challenges are being overcome. Considers
the problems, constraints, and user requirements of arches, and the
refurbishment techniques and services applied to them. Concludes that
arch refurbishment benefits the railway financially as well as
benefiting the community as a whole.
Pest birds: The role of building design and maintenance
Authors: Howard Michael , Barrett Peter , Oldbury MIEH David
Published: May 2006

Reviews the species and characteristics of bird pests, defined as
birds whose activities impinge significantly on buildings and their
occupants; feral pigeons, starlings, house sparrows, swallows and
martins. Outlines damage caused, bird‐proofing design techniques, and
bird deterrent and removal techniques. Concludes that long‐term
solutions, based on an understanding of bird behaviour, are most likely
to be successful.
Roof slates and tiles – the cheaper alternative to the “real thing”
Authors: Poole Anthony L.
Published: May 2006

Opens with a discussion as to whether the ′real thing′ is
necessarily better than the ′cheaper alternatives′, and traces the
historic rise of alternatives to ′real′ building products. Reviews
available substitutes for both slating (i.e. not slate) and tiling
(defined as not a tile made from clay). Discusses life expectancy and
planning restrictions on substitute products.
Improving surveying skills with computer‐aided learning tools – Part 2
Authors: Mika S.L.J.
Published: May 2006

Continues from the first part of the article (Structural Survey
9.2) in describing the work undertaken in computer‐aided learning at the
University of Reading, UK. Describes, with illustrations, a
student‐created knowledge base using Hypercard software on an Apple
Macintosh. Describes the uses of a self‐teaching expert system package,
and a simulated building survey. Concludes that powerful computer‐based
simulations are an effective teaching method for building surveyors.
Treatment of joints in building structures
Authors: Moffat I.J.
Published: May 2006

Claims that joints in buildings have been well‐discussed in the
literature, rightly, as they fail frequently. Reviews the principles of
joint design and joint sealing, including the selection of sealants.
Points out six key principles of sealant application techniques.
Concludes with a reiteration that continuing diligent attention to
jointing factors is necessary.
A specifier’s guide to timber
Authors: Houchen Christopher
Published: May 2006

Discusses the considerations to be made when specifying timber for
building purposes, particularly BS classification and hardwood/softwood
use. Considers the main factors in detail: strength, quality, sizes,
moisture content, durability and preservation, fire resistance, and
species. Concludes that, contrary to popular belief, timber is
ecologically benign, and its use should be encouraged.
Sealants for joints in buildings
Authors: Woolman Ron
Published: May 2006

Discusses the history, development, and current state of the
building sealant industry. Considers various joint designs as well as
sealant application and oil‐based and butyl mastics, acrylic,
polysulphide, polyurethane and silicone sealants. Surmises that the
proper selection and application of sealant give the designer
considerable freedom of choice in producing a reliable, durable system.
A report on research into the effects of micro‐climates on the corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete
Authors: Baldwin Graeme R.
Published: May 2006

Discusses a research project undertaken to determine the effect of
internal climatic conditions on corrosion of steel reinforced concrete.
Examines the aims, method used, data‐analysis, and the results.
Concludes that different parts of a building experience different
climates, leading to different levels of carbonation and corrosion.
“Mothballing” buildings: proactive maintenance and conservation on a reduced budget
Authors: Hutton Tim , Lloyd Huw
Published: May 2006

Discusses aspects of the decay of buildings due to neglect through
the restraints of financial stringencies. Examines factors in the spiral
of decay and neglect, including problems caused by maintenance,
occupancy, malicious damage, roof drainage, pigeons and plants,
plumbing, moisture reservoirs and poor ventilation. Outlines processes
of timber preservation, highlighting attention to moisture sources and
ventilation, and discusses management techniques in maintenance
projects. Concludes that the existing stock of buildings in the UK
should be conserved not for cultural or historic reasons, but because
they represent a major national asset.
Why do structural surveyors and valuers go wrong with subsidence?
Authors: Radevsky Richard
Published: May 2006

Discusses the reasons why structural surveyors and valuers overlook
subsidence problems, with reference to legal claims for damages, and
giving examples from recent court cases.
Subsidence: the time is ripe for change
Authors: Pryke John
Published: May 2006

Outlines the application of technology used in detecting and
remedying the problems caused by subsidence and settlement, and the
responsibility placed on surveyors in detecting it. Proposes that a
clearly defined serviceability limit would reduce disputes about whether
or not acceptable subsidence or settlement had occurred. Discusses the
changes in definitions brought about through new legislation and
developing standards. Explores the main difficulties with subsidence and
highlights subsidence blight. Explains the role of insurance companies
and the changes taking place with insurance premiums, and calls for the
implementation of clear definitions of such things as unacceptable
subsidence, professional negligence and management of subsidence claims.
Investigates three stages of remedial works: the work necessary to
stabilize the foundations and thus prevent future damage; the structural
repair of the building necessary to restore the stability and structural
integrity; and the decorations and finishes. Proposes the need for
deeper foundations for new buildings on shrinkable clay soils and
alternatives to underpinning. Suggests changes that could give further
help to the insurer by changing the expectations of the homeowner and
declares that the problem has been mishandled and misunderstood by
insurers.
Update on The Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992
Authors: Redler Alistair
Published: May 2006

Provides an update on the stipulations of The Access to
Neighbouring Land Act 1992, which received the consent of the Lord
Chancellor and came into force on 31 January 1993.
Conditions necessary for upgrading existing industrial ground floor surfaces
Authors: Tillyer Brian
Published: May 2006

Outlines some of the relevant work that FeRFA (the trade Federation
representing manufacturers, raw material suppliers and contractors of
resin based flooring systems) has initiated to improve standards in
upgrading existing industrial ground floor surfaces. Describes the
properties of resin and concrete, discussing resistance to impact, wear,
chemicals, heat and fire, and its porosity. Illustrates the types of
resin materials available, and its adaptability. Details the approach
required in order to properly assess the existing floor conditions.
Historic brickwork: part 1
Authors: Lynch Gerard
Published: May 2006

Outlines the development of English brickwork from 1485 to 1914,
highlighting the many external influences that were underpinning the
styles and practices of the various periods, such as developments in
materials, craft skills and practices, and the change in architecture.
Dampness following the insertion of a remedial damp‐proof course
Authors: Coleman G.R.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the causes of damp following the insertion of a remedial
damp‐proof course and the methods which can be used to detect and
prevent it. Details hygroscopic and capillary moisture, the components
of the total moisture content of masonry and the uses of a moisture
profile with which to measure this. Explores electrical and carbide
moisture meters, explaining the pros and cons of each. Reports on
alleged failures and reported causes of damp, discussing problems with
replastering, condensation and penetrating damp, surface condensation,
misreading of signals, bridging. Suggests that the majority of dampness
problems can be resolved by undertaking a logical programme of
investigation and elimination.
Project management in Europe
Authors: Goulding P.K.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the differences in approach between project management in
the United Kingdom and in Europe, emphasizing the importance of the
consultant due to differences in professional specialization on the
continent. Explains the responsibilities of the project manager,
touching on planning and architectural considerations and following the
specifications of the developer′s brief. Provides a recent case study of
a project undertaken by St Martins Property Corporation Ltd in
Düsseldorf, Germany. Outlines problems involved in controlling a
project from a distance and summarizes the additional factors to be
considered as a need for fluency in the local language, including
technical terms; an overall appreciation of the building and property
industry in the host country; an understanding of the mentality of the
local population; and a readiness to educate as well as to manage.
Domestic radon: the legal implications for surveyors
Authors: Blake L.W. , Adams P.F.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the radioactive gas radon and its effects on the legal
obligations of surveyors and other professionals concerned with the
designing, refurbishment and appraisal of dwellings. Presents an
overview of the problem of radon, concentrating on health issues and
summarizing both its measurement and the way in which it enters
dwellings. Outlines the protective measures needed to prevent radon
entering new homes and existing dwellings, mentioning NRPB guidances.
Details the legal implications for surveyors in these two separate
situations, discussing suing in respect of physical injuries or death,
the event of the property becoming unsaleable and for pure economic
loss. Explores the surveyor′s duty in respect to radon and the
implications of the Defective Premises Act 1972.
The cathedrals survey 1991
Authors: Fairhurst Harry M.
Published: May 2006

Outlines the extensive survey of the 42 Anglican and 19 Roman
Catholic Cathedrals in England undertaken by the author in 1991.
Describes the six sections of the survey reports: factual matters, which
included names and addresses of incumbents, architects, etc. and the
physical construction of the building; major repairs; repair and
conservation work needed for special parts of the fabric; resources,
both financial and physical/personnel; recommendations; and subjective
assessment. Explains the allocation of grants and their effect on the
future of the cathedrals, and explores the possibility of future studies
likely to spring from this work.
Opportunities for building surveyors in Poland
Authors: Owen David , Cross Hugh , Gautier Keith
Published: May 2006

Outlines the opportunities for building surveyors in Poland as
discovered by the Bureau of European Building Consultants and Experts
(BEBCE) on their visit to Warsaw in 1991. Discusses the new Poland in
the light of recent building contracts, the pace of change in the Warsaw
economy, modernization of domestic housing and political change.
Explores aspects of maintenance and refurbishment, offering examples
from site visits undertaken to a block of flats and a housing estate.
Examines the need for greater management skills which could be filled by
British specialists and suggests the potential for increased expansion
in the future.
High‐rise system blocks: investigation and refurbishment
Authors: Butler Peter M.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the investigation, assessment and refurbishment of 20
high‐rise and 26 medium‐rise large panel system blocks by Brian
Moorehead and Partners, for the London Borough of Waltham Forest, from
the viewpoint of the consulting engineer. Details the five stages of the
investigations: an initial visual overview of the buildings to identify
the basic form and any particularly obvious defects; a desk study of
available documentation; detailed visual inspections together with
opening up and sampling of the component materials of the structure;
analysis of results and future life; and recommendations for repairs,
refurbishment or demolition. Outlines the refurbishment brief to improve
the external weathering, appearance and insulation of the blocks;
provide improved security and communal facilities for occupants; refit
and redecorate flats; and undertake structural restraint and repairs.
Cladding failure
Authors: Baker Mark
Published: May 2006

Explores the causes, outcomes and remedies of cladding failure in
its many forms, from life threatening component separation and glass
breakage, to costly water intrusion and air infiltration problems.
Demonstrates the cumulative effect of errors commonly made during the
specification, design and installation stages of a cladding system
through a case study of a 26 storey high‐rise casino hotel in Atlantic
City, New Jersey. Outlines the project details, repair programme and
resulting legal action taken. Suggests that as cladding systems and
materials continue to develop the likelihood of failure will continue to
increase.
Winchester Cathedral: repair of the tower
Authors: Bird Peter
Published: May 2006

Describes the repair work carried out on the tower of Winchester
Cathedral in 1991, detailing the use of scaffolding and the individual
work on the roof, stonework and the bell chamber and frame. Outlines the
improvements made in fire protection and to the wiring and lighting and
highlights a number of historical findings uncovered by the restoration
work.
Maintenance and restoration of concrete buildings
Authors: Sadgrove Roger
Published: May 2006

Explains some practical problems that have been encountered in the
specification and repair of concrete buildings and suggests that
maintenance should be preplanned rather than commenced after signs of
deterioration occur. Describes the information which should be obtained
from a condition survey and discusses construction features which
require special investigation. Outlines the basic methods of setting up
a contract and how to carry it out. Sets out some of the problems
associated with carrying out noisy and potentially messy repairs to
occupied buildings.
The survey and repair of flues and chimneys
Authors: Lingel M.
Published: May 2006

Outlines the various causes of chimney defects and considers the
process of inspection and the remedial work which may be necessary to
prevent problems recurring in the short to medium term. Explores damage
caused by weather, fire and problems with linings, and offers solutions
to problems caused by the fitting of gas appliances. Details the
procedure of an inspection survey, discussing insulation and fitting a
liner. Suggests a 48‐hour period following completion of work before a
fire is lit.
Repair and upgrading of ′The Milliners′, Kent
Authors: Brown ARICS Richard
Published: May 2006

Outlines the work undertaken to repair and upgrade ′The Milliners′,
a 16th century structure and Grade II listed building. Discusses the
initial thorough investigation of the house, and the methods by which
the owner′s brief to retain the character of the house while allowing
for a high standard of modern services, was carried out. Details the
problems of inserting services into the structure without cutting into
the floor and the installation of central heating radiators into the
outside wall of one of the bedrooms. Explores the work of the building
contractor, electrical services contractor and mechanical services
contractor, supervised by a clerk of works. Suggests that the work would
have been more efficiently carried out by a single consultant.
Passive fire protection
Authors: Smith Ron
Published: May 2006

Considers some of the major spheres of influence which can affect
the design of the passive fire protection of a building and outlines
passive fire protection materials and applications, fire tests, Building
Regulations and the possible influence of European legislation.
Discusses the five major requirements relating to fire which must be met
when designing a building. Details the use of sprays, boards,
intumescents, performed sections, fire barrier ′quilts′ or ′blankets′
and penetration seals and firestops. Explains the British Standard fire
tests and provides reactions to them. Summarizes building control
regulations, with reference to The Building Regulations 1991, recent
developments and European aspects.
Archival research at Rochester cathedral
Authors: Holbrook Diana
Published: May 2006

Describes the project undertaken to archive the structural,
architectural and restoration history of Rochester Cathedral in Kent,
detailing the approach, some of the disappointments and pitfalls, and
the sources from which the information came.
The control of feral pigeons: an independent approach
Authors: Hutton T.C. , Dobson J.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the problems caused by pigeons in buildings and some
common control techniques, and outlines a remedial programme. Briefly
examines the natural history of the feral pigeon. Details the common
control techniques of food reduction, poisons and narcotic baits,
trapping, fertility control and removal of nest sites, shooting,
predators, bird scarers, bird nets,sprung wires, spikes and repellent
gels. Advocates the implementation of a specialized site investigation
and suggests that control is unlikely to be achieved by the application
of a single product or technique.
Conservation in Italy
Authors: Catt Richard
Published: May 2006

Outlines the problems and pressures inherent in the processes of
conservation in Italy, particularly in the light of EC regulations and
the high concentration of artistic and architectural heritage sites in
the country. Gives a background to the architecture and construction of
towns in Italy, and explains the current system of planning regulations
and the problems attached to it. Explores the situations in Bologna and
Florence, giving examples of the diversity of approach of municipal
authorities. Suggests that many opportunities for British surveyors
exist in Italy, due to a distinct lack of organization and management in
many restoration projects underway.
Structural surveys of public houses
Authors: Chapman Keith , Edwards Victoria
Published: May 2006

Summarizes a number of recurring issues which have arisen during a
recent series of structural surveys of public houses undertaken by the
authors. Provides a background to the ownership structure of public
houses and explains how the ownership has traditionally resulted in a
low level of investment in the maintenance of public house properties.
Explores the several structural problems which appear to be inherent in
public house properties and suggests full site and soil investigation
should be undertaken before expenditure on repair and refurbishment.
The staining and discoloration of stone
Authors: Miglio B.F. , Hunt B.J.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the problems associated with the staining and
discoloration of stone used in building projects, based on the
experience of experts at Messrs Sandbergs, Consulting Engineers.
Outlines the difference between staining and discoloration. Shows how
marble, limestone, granite and sandstone are affected by discoloration,
and continues by describing other problems unrelated to stone type
– quarry problems, cutting and finishing, packing, transportation
and storage, construction design and contamination. Details a variety of
methods used to determine stain type and emphasizes the importance of
obtaining specialist advice in dealing with the problem.
EC legislation in construction and its effects on the
construction industry
Authors: Pinney A.A.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the effects of EC legislation on the construction
industry in the light of the opening of the Single European Market on
1st January 1993. Outlines the background to European legislation and
then examines its four main categories: those covering product and
materials, the purchase of goods and services by public bodies, the
mutual recognition of professional qualifications and health and safety
at work. Explains how this legislation operates and its likely effect on
the construction industry, in the form of a personal view by the author.
Concludes that while the industry needs to be aware of and prepare for
the Single Market, the changes it will bring about should be considered
opportunities rather than threats.
Landslides in Great Britain: investigation and management
Authors: Lee E.M.
Published: May 2006

Outlines the threat posed by landslides in Great Britain, and
examines the ways in which potential problems can be identified and
accommodated by developers and engineers in the light of changes in the
Building Regulations for England and Wales which took effect on 1 June
1992. Explores the causes of landsliding, and suggests the appropriate
investigations which should be instigated by the developer if suspecting
instability. Discusses remedial measures and presents a study of
landslide management with the example of Ventnor on the Isle of Wight.
Mentions the Planning Policy Guidance issued by the Department of the
Environment, which advises local authorities, landowners and developers
on the role of planning controls as a landslide management tool.
Access to Neighbouring Land Act 1992
Authors: Redler Alistair
Published: May 2006

Discusses the Access to Neighbouring Land Act of 1992, designed to
provide owners and occupiers of buildings with a fair system for gaining
access to neighbouring land in order to carry out necessary repairs to
their own land. Outlines the scope of the Act and sets out the
definition of ‘basic preservation works′. Explores the implications of
the Act, and its application in respect to Crown Land.
Developments in sound insulation over the last ten years
Authors: Jarman N.R.
Published: May 2006

Describes some of the new techniques and materials developed over
the last ten years in sound insulation. Discusses common problems in
controlling external noise, intrusion, sound insulation between
dwellings and in the office environment, and through particular
construction weakness areas. Briefly outlines the problems and solutions
discovered in insulating a multiplex cinema.
Building services: maintenance systems and policies
Authors: Rooley Richard H.
Published: May 2006

Reviews a series of building services with an emphasis on
maintenance systems and policies. Discusses commissioning as the hinge
between construction and use. Explores the evolution in maintenance
thinking and the relationship between the building and those who occupy
it. Examines reliability‐centred maintenance, including time as a basis
of maintenance, posing seven questions which lie at the heart of policy
setting, and a procedure for implementation. Outlines the
design/commissioning/maintenance link, advocating the use of a database
abstracted from litigation, and analysis of failed buildings as a basis
for design.
House inspection in the USA and Canada
Authors: O’Malley Kevin
Published: May 2006

Outlines the North American profession of home inspection,
discussing its history, practice and procedures, and highlighting the
differences from the British system. Explores such issues as standards,
disclosure, training, litigation and insurance. Stresses the importance
of increased training to secure a future of growth and expansion.
The Role of Technology Forecasting and Planning: Formulating Business Strategy
Authors: Brownlie D.T.
Published: May 2006

The successful placing of long‐range technology planning decisions in the context of overall corporate strategic planning requires a mechanism for synthesizing R&D strategy and business strategy. This article argues that formalized technology forecasting has an important operational role to play in achieving the synthesis. Descriptive guidelines for an integrative framework are developed on the basis of a literature review and the author′s technology forecasting work which has been conducted to help devise long‐term research strategy in the offshore industry. Several factors are discussed which are considered to have an important integrative role. Technology forecasting is discussed with respect to these factors and the influence they have on the planning process.
Quality Teamwork at Wakefield: Coca‐Cola & Schweppes
Beverages Ltd: Wakefield Factory
Authors: Nellist David
Published: May 2006

Facts and figures relating to the largest soft drinks manufacturing
operation in Europe. The factory relies heavily on computer systems to
facilitate all its operations and there are seven major systems for
process and production plant in addition to the local control systems.
Also detailed are the benefits of operating a single‐union agreement
which promotes a continuous improvement in company performance as well
as providing open and direct communication between all staff on site.
Integrated Manufacturing Planning
Authors: Ware Nigel
Published: May 2006

Manufacturing and engineering depend heavily on computers for many
low‐level operations, including design, resource planning and production
scheduling. But only a few companies have implemented the sort of
enterprise‐wide computerized planning/project management found in other
industries. However, substantial gains in productivity, flexibility, and
production costs are to be made from integrating all aspects of the
planning and scheduling process. Examines the need for integrated,
company‐wide planning in manufacturing/engineering companies, and
highlights how it is increasingly being applied to the different parts
of the production cycle.
Expert Systems: Guidelines for Managers
Authors: Subramoniam Suresh
Published: May 2006

Enumerates the factors which decide the feasibility of an expert
system (ES) solution based on certain domain characteristics. Explains
the points to be given importance while going for an ES solution. An
attempt has been made to explain the major differences between DSSs
(decision support systems) and ESs. The integration of symbolic and
connectivist theories have resulted in the neural network ES, which can
learn and adapt to situations, becoming an emerging trend. Certain facts
about ESs which should be remembered by managers, in general, which can
be treated as a set of guidelines for ES application, are also
enumerated in the course of the article.
Accounting to Enhance Organizational Productivity
Authors: Mills Steve , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

Discusses the role of accountants in the US. Shows that although
the European and Asian countries overtook America as the leading
industrialized areas, accountants are helping to readjust the balance.
The various roles of the accountant are examined and various luminaries
quoted in the promulgation of this. Standard‐setting is an important
masthead for quality and expertise in productivity, as are various cost
accounting methods such as OPT (optimized production technology). Goes
on to show that accountants have a very important advisory role to play
in most businesses. Concludes that accountants have many tools at their
disposal to help in improving productivity levels for organizations.
Production and Operations Restructuring: Using Time‐based
Strategies
Authors: Barker Bob , Helms Marilyn M.
Published: May 2006

British and American manufacturers continue the struggle to remain
competitive, yet there remains a vast amount of unused energy and
potential trapped by the inadequate organization of resources. Using a
time‐based strategy, the value‐adding capability of the organization can
be measured and constraints identified. This time‐based framework can
guide investments and improvement actions whilst retaining links to an
overall quick response/improved customer service strategy. A method of
reducing throughput time has been developed, which separates non‐value
– and value‐adding operations. Results from the electrical
switchgear industry show that, when throughput time is reduced, stock of
materials, labour efficiency, production planning and customer service
can all be improved to reduce total costs.
Microcomputers and Small Businesses in Bahrain
Authors: Khan Emdad H. , Khan Golam M.
Published: May 2006

Presents some findings about information processing with
microcomputers by small firms in Bahrain. Identifies the usual
application areas as well as the packaged software commonly used by
these firms. The findings indicate that small business computer
applications in Bahrain approximately conform with the results observed
in similar studies conducted in Western countries.
Visualizing Business Rules in Corporate Databases
Authors: Chen Ye‐Sho , Segarra Gabriela , Pete Chong P.
Published: May 2006

Describes an innovative pictorial representation of business rules
which clarifies the interrelationships of data entities and semantic
constraints to enhance the communication among different levels of
management. This pictorial representation scheme can be implemented
using a set of microcomputer‐based CASE tools, and the result provides a
comprehensive view of all aspects of management activity.