bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Cases Developing Neonatal Pneumothorax: 10 Years of Experience
Authors: Kurt Fatih , Kaya Abdulkadir , Kocabay Kenan , Kaya Murat
Published: December 2024

Aim: Pneumothorax is a serious emergency condition that increases mortality and morbidity due to the accumulation of air between the visceral and parietal pleura layers. Neonatal pneumothorax is more frequently encountered in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. It is known that the most important risk factors are prematurity and ventilation with a bag mask.
Material and Method: Forty-two pneumothorax cases followed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were included in our study. The characteristics, risk factors, treatment methods and prognoses of the cases were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Twenty eight of the cases (66.67%) were male, and Pneumothorax developed within the first 3 days of life in 41 cases (97.61%). Nineteen cases (45.24%) were premature, 16 cases (38.10%) underwent resuscitation at birth, and 15 cases (35.71%) received surfactant therapy. An intercostal chest tube was placed for treatment in 34 cases (80.95%), and invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 33 cases (78.57%). Thirty six cases (85.71%) were regained the health, while those who passed away were found to be more premature.
Conclusion: In our study, prematurity, resuscitation at birth, and surfactant therapy were identified as risk factors for neonatal pneumothorax. Newborns with these risk factors should be closely monitored, and neonatal pneumothorax should be kept in mind if respiratory distress develops.
Okul Kültürüne İlişkin Paydaşların Görüşleri
Authors: Yıldırım Muhammet
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Bitlis ili merkez ilçesindeki bir ortaöğretim kurumunda görev yapan okul yöneticilerinin, öğretmenlerin, velilerin ve öğrencilerin mevcut okul kültürü hakkındaki görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma verileri, 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılı içerisinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılan 6 öğretmen, 4 yönetici, 4 veli ve 5 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 19 kişiyle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda tutulan kayıtlardan elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun okul kültürünü tanımlarken dürüstlük, adalet, güven ve samimiyet değerlerine önem verdikleri ve bu değerleri başarı kavramından daha çok vurguladıkları görülmüştür. Okul kültürünün önemli bir öğesi olan vizyon ve misyon kavramları hakkında katılımcıların görüşleri incelendiğinde, içinde görev yaptıkları okulun misyonu ve vizyonu hakkında yeterince bilgi ve fikir sahibi olmadıkları ve incelenen okulda misyon ve vizyon belirlenirken yöneticiler dışında herhangi bir paydaşın fikir ve görüşünün alınmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Okul kültürü bağlamında örgütü oluşturan bireylerin inançlarına bakıldığında, öğretmenler ve yöneticiler öğretmenlik mesleğini "fedakarlık yapılması gereken bir meslek" olarak tanımlamışlardır. Okul kültürünün diğer unsurları olan hikayeler, mitler, efsaneler ve kahramanlara bakıldığında; katılımcıların bu kavramlarla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları görülürken kendi okullarında gerçekleştirdikleri bir diğer unsur olan tören ve ritüellerin çeşitliliği ve katılım düzeylerini genellikle yeterli ve tatmin edici düzeyde bulmuşlardır.
Grain Size in the Class I Protostellar System TMC-1A Constrained with ALMA and Very Large Array Observations
Authors: Aso Yusuke , Ohashi Satoshi , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Xu Wenrui
Published: December 2024

The disk mass and substructure in young stellar objects suggest that planet formation may start at the protostellar stage, through the growth of dust grains. To accurately estimate the grain size at the protostellar stage, we have observed the Class I protostar TMC-1A using the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at the Q (7 mm) and Ka (9 mm) bands at a resolution of ∼0.″2 and analyzed archival data of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at Bands 6 (1.3 mm) and 7 (0.9 mm) that cover the same spatial scale. The VLA images show a compact structure with a size of ∼25 au and a spectral index of ∼2.5. The ALMA images show compact and extended structures with a spectral index of ∼2 at the central ∼40 au region and another index of ∼3.3 in the outer region. Our spectral energy distribution analysis using the observed fluxes at the four bands suggests one branch with a small grain size of ∼0.12 mm and another with a grown grain size of ∼4 mm. We also model polarized dust continuum emission adopting the two grain sizes and compare them with an observational result of TMC-1A, suggesting that the small grain size is preferable to the grown grain size. The small grain size implies gravitational instability in the TMC-1A disk, which is consistent with a spiral-like component recently identified.
Separating Super-puffs versus Hot Jupiters among Young Puffy Planets
Authors: Karalis Amalia , Lee Eve J. , Thorngren Daniel P.
Published: December 2024

Discoveries of close-in young puffy (R
p ≳ 6 R
⊕) planets raise the question of whether they are bona fide hot Jupiters or puffed-up Neptunes, potentially placing constraints on the formation location and timescale of hot Jupiters. Obtaining mass measurements for these planets is challenging due to stellar activity and noisy spectra. Therefore, we aim to provide independent theoretical constraints on the masses of these young planets based on their radii, incident fluxes, and ages, benchmarking to the planets of age <1 Gyr detected by Kepler, K2, and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Through a combination of interior structure models, considerations of photoevaporative mass loss, and empirical mass–metallicity trends, we present the range of possible masses for 22 planets with an age of ∼10–900 Myr and radii of ∼6–16 R
⊕. We generally find that our mass estimates are in agreement with the measured masses and upper limits where applicable. There exist some outliers including super-puffs Kepler-51 b, c and V1298 Tau d, b, e, for which we outline their likely formation conditions. Our analyses demonstrate that most of the youngest planets (≲100 Myr) tend to be puffed-up, Neptune-mass planets, while the true hot Jupiters are typically found around stars aged at least a few hundred Myr, suggesting the dominant origin of hot Jupiters to be late-stage high-eccentricity migration.
La distinction entre « patterns » et « processes » est-elle désuète en systématique ?
Authors: de Ricqlès Armand
Published: December 2024

Les termes de «  patterns  » et «  processes  » expriment un couple de concepts antinomiques mais complémentaires mis en avant à partir des années 1970 dans la littérature de l’évolutionnisme et de la systématique. Après une analyse sommaire de leurs contenus, leur pertinence et leur utilité sont soulignées aussi bien d’un point de vue épistémologique que pratique. Toutefois, à certains niveaux hiérarchiques de l’organisation du vivant patterns et process peuvent arriver à coïncider et à se superposer (spéciation), ne représentant alors que les aspects respectivement statiques et dynamiques d’une même réalité évolutive. De même une analyse hiérarchique révèle la relativité de ces concepts, un pattern à un niveau plus élevé résultant de processes aux niveaux sous-jacents. Il est conclu que la distinction claire entre patterns et processes constitue un progrès conceptuel et pratique incontestable, mais qu’elle n’est pas absolue.
Conception et réalisation d’une exposition permanente consacrée à l’arbre du vivant
Authors: Pénicaud Pierre
Published: December 2024

En 2007, l’équipe scientifique du muséum Henri-Lecoq de Clermont-Ferrand dont j’étais alors le directeur décide de consacrer une salle des présentations permanentes à la classification phylogénétique du vivant. Pourquoi et comment réalise-t-on un tel projet muséographique dans le contexte d’un muséum d’histoire naturelle en région aux moyens relativement limités ? Dans cet article nous replaçons ce projet dans le contexte local du musée (présentation du musée, inscription de celui-ci dans le projet scientifique et culturel de l’établissement) ; nous expliquons la méthodologie et les choix adoptés lors de la conception du projet (commissariat scientifique, réflexion muséographique, pédagogique, scénographique, sélection des espèces et des spécimens, écriture et validation des textes, graphisme) et sa réalisation ; et enfin nous présentons le bilan financier, la réception par le public et les difficultés et solutions envisagées.
Introduction pratique aux modèles linéaires phylogénétiques
Authors: Legendre Lucas J.
Published: December 2024

Les méthodes phylogénétiques comparatives (PCM) sont devenues au cours de la dernière décennie une discipline majeure de la systématique et de la biologie de l’évolution, et un nombre croissant de publications dans ces domaines est consacré à l’application de ces méthodes à des problématiques liées à la systématique. Toutefois, la plupart de ces publications n’incluent pas d’informations relatives aux raisons ayant motivé le choix d’une méthode particulière, ni sur les conditions d’application de cette méthode dans un contexte statistique, ce qui peut rendre les différentes étapes de son utilisation difficile à appréhender pour les néophytes. Cet article présente une introduction pratique à deux des méthodes les plus utilisées en PCM, les moindres carrés généralisés phylogénétiques et l’analyse de variance phylogénétique, au moyen d’un exemple concret issu d’une publication récente sur le sujet. Cet exemple porte sur un jeu de données mesuré sur des coupes histologiques d’os chez un échantillon d’oiseaux actuels, et propose de tester le lien fonctionnel entre microstructure osseuse et type de vol dans un contexte phylogénétique. Les méthodes sont ici décrites étape par étape, et leurs conditions d’application et « pièges » classiques à éviter dans ce contexte sont également abordés, afin de fournir un aperçu complet de ces procédures et de leur utilisation.
APE, logiciel pour la phylogénétique et l’évolution : passé, présent et avenir
Authors: Paradis Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

Cet article présente le logiciel APE, les facteurs qui ont motivé sa création et son développement, l’impact qu’il a eu sur la communauté scientifique, et les perspectives de développement futur.
Doing In-Between in the 19th Century in the Alps-Adriatic Region: Everyday Forms of Subjectivation Beyond Nationalising and Ethnicising Subjection
Authors: Schemmer Janine , Schönberger Klaus
Published: December 2024

This paper lays the theoretical groundwork for exploring historical modes of subjection/subjectivation in the context of hegemonic narratives of ethnicisation and nationalisation processes in the Alps-Adriatic region of the Habsburg Monarchy. We reconstruct a mode of subjectivation that is expressed through practices of the in-between. In-between serves as an umbrella term combining gender, class, religion, language affiliation and, towards the end of the 19th century, ethnic or national affiliation.
Sagnac and Michelson‐Morley interferometers time precision evaluation
Authors: Croca J. R. , Gatta M. , Castro P. , Moreira R. N. , Magalhães Gildo , Croca J. Alexandre
Published: December 2024

The Michelson‐Morley optical interferometric experiment is historically very important and stands at the basis of the developments that contributed to the acceptance of the special theory of relativity.1 The Sagnac experiment is much less known and considered from
the theoretical point of view, even if it presently has a large field of very useful technological applications, namely in the field of compass gyroscopes. Here, we present a discussion on the temporal precision of these devices that undoubtedly shows the great advantage of the Sagnac device
design.
Investigation on the transverse Doppler effect
Authors: Huang Xing-Bin
Published: December 2024

The widely accepted viewpoint asserts that the transverse Doppler effect for plane light waves is a red shift, a purely relativistic effect caused by the time dilation or the slowing down of a moving clock. However, rigorous proof for the assertion is absent in available literature.
Here, we investigated the transverse Doppler shifts for plane and spherical waves. The results show that for plane light waves, the red shift may not be a purely relativistic effect, and the true transverse Doppler effect might be a blue shift, which might mean that a moving clock can also
run faster than an identical clock at rest. For spherical light waves, the transverse Doppler effect is a blue shift when a source is at the center of a rotating disk and the receiver is at its rim; on the contrary, it is a red shift. The results might not only reflect new features of special
relativity but also benefit physics teaching.
Creating a Culture of Entrepreneurship in Diverse Teams and Organizations
Authors: Singha Surjit , Kumar T. K. Sateesh , Biju M.
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurship can foster innovation, creativity, and economic growth in diverse teams and organizations. Building an entrepreneurial culture in diverse teams and organizations requires understanding diversity, strategies for overcoming obstacles, developing entrepreneurial skills, and utilizing technology. This chapter examines the significance of entrepreneurship in diverse teams and organizations, the benefits of diversity in entrepreneurship, strategies for building an entrepreneurial culture, developing entrepreneurial skills, overcoming obstacles, and the role of technology in encouraging entrepreneurship.
Exploring the Nexus of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovative Disruption
Authors: Daisy Anjali
Published: December 2024

Grounded in the context of evolving markets and technological advancements, the research seeks to unravel the intricate interplay of entrepreneurial leadership styles and their impact on innovative disruption. Through in-depth interviews with a diverse group of entrepreneurs, executives, and industry experts, the study aims to capture nuanced insights into the strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with entrepreneurial endeavors in disruptive environments. Employing qualitative research methods, including thematic analysis and participant observation, the research strives to uncover patterns, identify key drivers, and explore the contextual nuances that influence the success or failure of entrepreneurial initiatives amid disruptive forces. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the theoretical understanding of entrepreneurial leadership and innovation disruption while providing practical implications for business leaders, policymakers, and scholars navigating the ever-changing landscape of modern business ecosystems.
Impact of AI on the Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality Sectors
Authors: Modi Ravi Kant , Kumar Jeetesh
Published: December 2024

The modern travel business makes use of several types of artificial intelligence (AI). Robots, conversational systems, smart travel agents, language translation applications, and forecasting systems, conversational personalization and recommender systems, bots, and voice recognition and natural language processing systems are all part of this category. Recent years have seen remarkable progress in artificial intelligence (AI) because to improvements in computing power, algorithms, and big data. Here we take a look at how AI has altered and is altering the core procedures of the travel sector. Before diving into the specific AI systems and applications used in the travel and tourist industry, we cover the IT fundamentals of AI that are pertinent to this field. We next take a close look at the hotel industry, which is implementing these technologies at a rapid pace. Finally, we outline a research agenda, discuss the difficulties of using AI in the tourist industry, and paint a picture of where this field may go from here.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Development
Authors: Jige Sandipan Babasaheb , Launa Jennifer J.
Published: December 2024

The artificial intelligence is simulation of the human intelligence process by the machines especially computer system, it has includes natural language processing, expert system, speech recognition and machine vision. The artificial intelligence is simply component of technology like machine learning, has only required specialized hardware and software to the writing and training machine learning algorithms. In the science field artificial intelligence lay foundation of future and driving transformation towards fourth industrial revolution. The United Nation set 17 sustainable development goals linked with 169 targets, it give clear guideline for peoples and governments for what is to be done to transform our world by 2030. The artificial intelligence provide innovative solution on mitigation and adaption. It also analyzes climate data with predicting extreme weather events and improves disaster preparedness. In the renewable energy development also artificial intelligence algorithm for optimize also reduce greenhouse gas emission and promote sustainable practice.
Exploring the Immense Role of Wearable Devices and Smart Technologies in Revolutionizing Healthcare and Medical Education
Authors: Shadab Mohd , Salman Zainab Husain , Joji Ronni Mol , Saleh Zainab Salman , Shahid Mohammad
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the immense role of wearable health devices and the smart technology in healthcare and medical education. Wearable devices are reshaping the health management system specifically after the COVID-19. People are using these devices to track their vitals such as blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate etc. These health gadgets with smart biosensors allow user to track his health record reducing the hospital visits. Wearable gadgets have come a long way historically from a pacemaker and glucose monitors to the highly sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) based system which not only can help in wellness tracking, but also can help in chronic disease management and telemedicine. Chapter also delves into how these wearable devices and smart technologies are shaping the medical education by integrating the virtual and augmented realities. Despite of having some challenges which should be overcome in the future such as data privacy, accuracy, cost etc. These devices and technologies are paving the way for smart healthcare solutions and personalized treatment.
MindWatch Leveraging Wearable Technology for Real-Time Monitoring and Support of Student Mental Health
Authors: Mehnaz Fathima , Basthikodi Mustafa , Rahiman Habeeb Ur , Kodikal Rashmi
Published: December 2024

The increasing demands of academics and societal issues are leading to a rise in health concerns, like anxiety and stress among college students affecting their performance and overall well-being significantly. This chapter delves into the progressions in gadgets such as smartwatches and biosensors that monitor vital signs like heart rate variability as well as stress and sleep patterns instantly. These innovations are boosted by intelligence (AI) allowing for tailored guidance and interventions to support well-being effectively. Using gadgets has proven to be effective, in offering observations into the mental well-being of students by recognizing problems early on and promoting self-care practices in educational environments. However, these devices face challenges related to safeguarding data privacy accurately and ensuring accessibility, which must be addressed for their broader adoption in schools and universities.
Corrosion Performance of Steel Bar Embedded in Seawater Mixed Mortar with Batching Plant Waste
Authors: Astuti Pinta
Published: December 2024

Reinforcing steel deterioration is complicated by corrosion. Reinforcing steel corrosion can weaken a structure. Corrosion cannot be eliminated; however, it can be reduced to increase building service life. The objective of the research it to demonstrate the effect of coating method as corrosion prevention and the cover depth to the corrosion performance of steel bar embedded in seawater mixed mortar. This study examines the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement in a 15 x 15 x 15 cm mortar cube made by using seawater as mixing water and containing Portland Pozzolan Cement (PPC) as a binder material. This study also experiences numerous corrosion mitigation methods using wet, dry, and dry-wet cycle exposure methods. The reinforcement and mortar surface were protected with anti-corrosive paint. Additionally, specimens without protective measures were also fabricated for comparison. Two reinforcing steels were attached in the two different cover depths, 3 cm and 5 cm. This study used sand and batching plant byproducts as fine aggregate. Study found a hierarchy of corrosion-causing exposures. The dry-wet cycle was the most corrosive, followed by wet and dry. Steel coating prevents corrosion better than surface coating. However, both methods outperformed the uncoated method in corrosion resistance. The mortar cover was 5 cm thick, compared to 3 cm expected. A combination of mortar with fine sand aggregate outperformed dry mortar made from batching plant leftovers. The investigation of corrosion potential through the utilization of the half-cell potential technique reveals that the outcomes obtained from test specimens using the steel coating prevention approach exhibit a higher degree of positivity in comparison to the prevention method including surface coating. The unprotected approach exhibits outcomes that lean towards being more unfavorable compared to the steel coating prevention method and the surface coating prevention method. The findings indicate that the performance of reinforcing steel embedded within a 3 cm mortar cover depth is often worse when compared to reinforcing steel situated inside a 5 cm mortar cover depth.
Study on Mechanical Behavior of Concrete by Temperature and Steel Fiber Content
Authors: Zhao Xiao Chun , Wang Xian Peng , Yu Hao Xuan , Kovshar S. N.
Published: December 2024

Temperature and steel fiber content have a great influence on the mechanical behavior of concrete, so it is urgent to study the mechanical properties of concrete at different temperatures and steel fiber content. The effects of temperature and steel fiber content on the mechanical properties of concrete are studied in this paper. Based on the uniaxial compression testing machine, the uniaxial compression tests of concrete under different temperatures (150°C, 300°C, 450°C) and different steel fiber content (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%) are carried out. With the increase of temperature, the compressive strength of concrete first increases and then decreases, which indicates that there is a critical temperature for the influence of temperature on the compressive strength of concrete. In addition, the addition of steel fiber content significantly improves the compressive strength of concrete. In addition, temperature and steel fiber content significantly affect the peak strain of concrete. Based on the SEM test results, the temperature effect of concrete was investigated from the microscopic perspective.
Effect of Concrete Compressive Strength on the Bond Performance of Flexural Prisms Externally Strengthened with CFRP Laminates
Authors: Gowrishankar Prathibha , Hawileh Rami , Abdallah Jamal A.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a study from an ongoing research project on the bond performance of flexural prisms strengthened using carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. The primary objective is to evaluate the effect of normal-strength concrete (NSC – 30MPa) and high-strength concrete (HSC - 50MPa) on the bond performance of plain concrete prisms notched at the mid-span and strengthened using CFRP laminates. Six of the twelve plain concrete prisms were strengthened using CFRP laminates, while the remaining prisms were unstrengthened to serve as control specimens. After achieving 28 days of curing in standard lab conditions, all prisms were tested under a four-point bending test. The ultimate mid-span deflection, maximum and ultimate strains at the mid-span, strain distribution at different positions along the length of the laminate, and bond/shear stress versus slip were analyzed to evaluate the bond performance of flexural prisms. The average ultimate load-carrying capacities and mid-span deflection of the NSC and HSC groups were 31.33 and 35.02 kN and 0.55 and 1.54 mm, respectively. The average CFRP strain values at the mid-span corresponding to the ultimate load were 5005 and 3544 με for the NSC and HSC groups, respectively. The maximum attained bond-stress values for NSC and HSC groups were 1.71 and 1.42 MPa, respectively. The corresponding values for slip at maximum bond stress are 0.27 and 0.24 mm for the two groups, respectively. It was concluded from the study that the concrete compressive strength has minimal effect on the flexural bond performance of concrete prisms externally bonded with CFRP laminates.
Variant of the Mathematical Theory of Non-Thin Multilayer Nonlinearly Elastic Plates of Symmetric Structures
Authors: Zelensky Anatoly Grigorievich
Published: December 2024

A new version of the mathematical theory of non-thin multilayer nonlinearly elastic Kauderer plates of symmetric structures has been constructed. The components of the stress-strain state (SSS) and boundary conditions on the side surface of the plate are considered functions of three spatial coordinates. The variant is based on the development of components of the SSS of the plate along the transverse coordinate with the help of combinations of Legendre polynomials within each layer. The three-dimensional physically nonlinear boundary value problem for a multilayer non-thin plate is reduced to a two-dimensional one using the three-dimensional equations of the theory of elasticity and Reissner's variational principle. The main dependencies are obtained. Derived systems of high-order differential equations of equilibrium with partial derivatives and boundary conditions containing nonlinear terms from the SSS. The conjugation conditions at the boundary of adjacent layers (rigid connection) are exactly fulfilled for displacements, transverse tangential and normal stresses. The boundary conditions for stresses on the horizontal faces of the plate are also exactly fulfilled. The system of high-order differential equations of equilibrium is transformed into two systems that independently describe skew-symmetric and symmetric deformation relative to the median plane of the plate. In turn, each of these systems is transformed into differential equations that describe vortex boundary effects and equations that describe an internal SSS with a potential boundary layer-type boundary effect. The solution of systems of high-order equations by the developed method is reduced to the solution of second-order differential equations (Poisson and Helmholtz equations). General solutions of the system of differential equilibrium equations are obtained. The validity and accuracy of the variant of the mathematical theory is confirmed by comparisons with exact solutions of bending problems for linearly elastic plates with different mechanical and geometrical parameters. The newly constructed variant of the theory and the developed method provide a real opportunity to solve boundary problems in a spatial formulation with high accuracy for multilayer platens under various loads and boundary conditions on the lateral surface.
Analytical Method for Calculating Ring Plates on an Elastic Foundation with an Arbitrary Continuously Variable Bedding Factor
Authors: Krutii Yurii , Surianinov Mykola , Klymenko Oleksiy , Karnaukhova Hanna , Perperi Alla
Published: December 2024

An analytical method for calculating the bending of ring plates resting on a non-homogeneous elastic Winkler foundation has been developed for the case when the bedding factor and load are given by any continuous functions. The method is based on the exact solution of the corresponding differential equation. Calculation formulas for the parameters of the stress-strain state of the plate are given in closed form. An example illustrates the practical application of the developed method. The case is considered when the bedding factor changes according to the parabolic law, and the load is given by the sine law. Calculation results are presented in numerical and graphic formats. For comparison, the calculation results obtained by the finite element method are also provided.
Addressing of Aluminum Anode Based Battery Challenges: Electrochemical Effect of Zn-Mn Electrodeposition
Authors: Nur'aini Syarifa , Widiyastuti Widiyastuti , Nurtono Tantular , Setyawan Heru
Published: December 2024

Aluminum (Al) has emerged to become one of the potential anode materials candidates in metal-based batteries due to its abundant resource, inexpensive cost, good safeness and high theoretical energy density. However, thoughtful challenges have been barrier towards huge progress, including easy aluminum hydroxide formation, low practical voltage, and high corrosion rate. To approach those problems, this article proposes to enhance the electrochemical performance of anode side through electrodeposition of Zn-Mn on aluminum surface. The deposition of Zn-Mn consists of citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as complexing agent to control the process rate. The effect of various deposition time, 0, 10, and 30 minutes, will be investigated by linear polarization, linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The electrochemical measurement exhibits the deposition effect, minimized the impedance of Al surface and improved the electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the appearance of Zn-Mn layer has prolonged the discharge performance with battery analyzer measurements. Therefore, energy density increased from 1270.52 to 3327.68 mWh g-1Al and the specific capacity enhances from 2779.908 to 7291.651 mAh g-1. All the measurements applied 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl). These results pose the electrical performance enhancement from the anode side, but the development of other sides is also necessary.
Exact Analytical Solution of the Problem of Elastic Bending of a Multilayer Beam with a Normal Trapezoidal Load
Authors: Koval'chuk Stanislav , Goryk Oleksii , Yakhin Serhii , Antonets Anatolii
Published: December 2024

An exact analytical solution to the problem of plane transverse bending of a section of a narrow multilayer beam under the action of a normal load on the longitudinal faces, distributed according to the law of the trapezoid, is presented. The solution is constructed using the principle of superposition on the basis of the authors’ general solutions to the problems of bending multilayer consoles under the action of loads at the free end, uniformly and linearly distributed load on longitudinal faces. On its basis, separate interchanges for multilayer beams with different methods of fixing the ends were obtained: hinged, rigid and combined. The obtained relations make it possible to determine the stress-strain state of multilayer beams with an arbitrary number of homogeneous (orthotropic, isotropic) and functional-gradient layers, taking into account transverse shear and compression deformations.
Optimization of Ingredients in Polystyrene Waste-Based Adhesive for Wood-to-Wood Bonding Using Experimental Planning
Authors: Cong Hoan Nguyen , Nguyen Hoa , Doan Vu Anh
Published: December 2024

In this study, an adhesive was prepared using waste polystyrene foam for wood-to-wood bonding. The effects of natural rubber (NR) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) content on adhesion were investigated. NR modifies polystyrene, acting as a plasticizer to address its hardness and brittleness, while MDI functions as a curing agent for the adhesive system. Characteristics such as the viscosity and wettability of the liquid adhesive were determined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to evaluate the properties and structure of the resulting adhesive films. The bonding ability between two wood plates using this adhesive was evaluated through tensile shear strength and impact strength. An experimental plan was devised to identify the optimal content of NR and MDI, providing the highest tensile shear strength and impact strength of the bond. The research revealed that the highest tensile shear strength achieved was 3.87 N/mm² at 16.468% NR and 7.882 phr MDI, while the highest impact strength reached 15.352 kJ/m² with NR and MDI contents of 16.079% and 7.620 phr, respectively. The experimental planning models demonstrated a good fit for predicting tensile shear strength and impact strength.
Evaluation the Medicinal Potential of Phallus indusiatus as a Protein-Rich Source for Applications in Meat Analogs
Authors: Sedtananun Saranya , Butsukon Chanapat , Chukred Nutchanad , Piyarat Kamolpitch , Choowonkomon Kiattawee , Tabtimmai Lueacha
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the medicinal potential of proteins derived from Phallus indusiatus, commonly known as bamboo mushroom, focusing on their bioactive properties of the mushroom proteins, including antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Using a non-solvent extraction method, crude proteins were isolated and purified through anion-exchange chromatography. After stepwise NaCl elution, distinct eluted peaks were collected, designated P1-P4 fraction. Each purified protein fractions primarily demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity. Bioactivity assessments were further conducted on several protein fractions (P1, P2, P3, and P4) using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells to evaluate their anti-inflammatory properties. The results revealed that proteins P1, P3, and P4 significantly reduced nitric oxide production, with P4 demonstrating the most potent effect. As the results, P1, P3, and P4 would be exhibited as Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins (FIPs) with selective anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting their potential for further therapeutic applications. Anticancer activity was assessed against A549, where all protein fractions exhibited notable cytotoxicity against cancer cell, without affecting normal Vero cells. These findings highlight the potential of P. indusiatus proteins containing pharmacological properties for developing mushroom-based meat analogs.
Microwave Absorption Performance of Durian-Husk-Derived Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Tran Quang Dat , Pham Xuan Quang , Nguyen Thi Thanh , Le Dinh Vi , Nguyen Nguyen Long , Ngo Ngoc Huynh , Vu Tuan Anh , Nguyen Van Hoang , Nguyen Vu Tung , Chu Thi Anh Xuan
Published: December 2024

The present research focuses on the development of highly efficient and lightweight electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers to address the growing issue of electromagnetic pollution. We investigate the use of carbon derived from biomass, specifically durian husks, to create carbon-based microwave absorbers with enhanced performance. A two-step process involving carbonization followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation was employed to synthesize porous carbon materials. The microwave absorption properties were then analyzed using a vector network analyzer across a frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz, with a focus on key parameters such as reflection loss and complex permittivity. The sample, which was 2.0 mm thick and had 15% carbon nanomaterials mixed in with paraffin wax, had an optimal reflection loss of -30.8 dB at 12.8 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth of 9.0 GHz, highlighting its strong electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The porous structure and large specific surface area significantly contributed to the material’s ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation. These findings highlight the potential of durian husk-derived carbon material as a highly effective and lightweight EMW absorber for practical applications.
Effect of Am-241 Irradiation on ZnO Crystallinity with Different Annealing Temperature
Authors: Amelia Rani Marizah , Rahastama Swastya , Musyarofah Musyarofah
Published: December 2024

Am-241 is an alpha emitting isotope which can be used to fuel a nuclear battery via alphavoltaic effect by using a semiconductor to convert alpha radiation to electricity. The main issue of alphavoltaic battery is the radiation damage due to high energy alpha particle, resulted in a rapid decline in performance. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is known as a semiconductor with high radiation tolerance. In this study, the effect of annealing temperature to ZnO crystal was studied along with its alteration due to Am-241 irradiation overtime. The annealing temperatures were set at 450°C and 650°C. The irradiation process was carried out using Am-241 isotope for 12 days with an activity of 44.85 mCi and approximately 0.0866 MGy of absorbed dose. The crystal structure of fabricated and irradiated ZnO were investigated through X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD diffraction pattern indicates that the crystal structure of ZnO is hexagonal wurtzite and still maintained after irradiation process. Raising the annealing temperature from 450°C to 650°C leads to a reduction in peak intensity. This change correlates with an increase in grain size post-irradiation. After exposure to alpha particle radiation, changes occurred in the diffraction peaks of ZnO. At 450°C annealing temperature, the intensity decreased by 94.822%, while at 650°C annealing temperature, the intensity decrease was 85.489%. This shows that increasing the annealing temperature can reduce the decrease in intensity after irradiation with alpha particles. The (002) plane shifted by 0.057˚ at 450°C annealing temperature and by 0.042˚ at 650°C after irradiation. In addition, the crystal lattice parameters increased after irradiation, which led to a change in the FWHM value and an increase in the crystal grain size.
Enhanced Reduction of Carbon-Iron Ore Composite Briquettes under Varying Pressing Forces via Direct Microwave Heating
Authors: Ngo Quoc Dung , Nguyen Minh Thuyet , Nguyen Hoang Viet
Published: December 2024

This study uses direct microwave heating to investigate the direct reduction process in carbon-iron ore composite briquettes under varying pressing forces. The composite briquettes, made from magnetite iron ore concentrate, anthracite coal, and bentonite as binder, were pressed at 1-ton, 2-ton, and 3-ton loads and then subjected to microwave irradiation. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to analyze the phase composition and structural changes. The results show that the 1-ton briquettes exhibited predominantly metallic Fe with minor fayalite and FeO phases, whereas the 2-ton and 3-ton samples displayed increased fayalite formation. Notably, re-oxidation occurred in the 2-ton and 3-ton samples, as indicated by the presence of Fe₃O₄. The higher pressing forces caused reduced air permeability and lower CO diffusion efficiency, hindering the reduction process. These findings highlight the influence of compaction pressure on the reduction process and the potential of microwave heating as an energy-efficient alternative in ironmaking.
Investigation of Electromechanical Properties of CF Monolayer
Authors: Dinh The Hung , Nguyen Hoang Linh , Tran The Quang , Do Van Truong
Published: December 2024

In this study, we delve into the electromechanical characteristics of the CF monolayer using ab initio theory. The CF monolayer possesses flexible mechanical properties with relatively small elastic coefficients. Additionally, our findings reveal that the CF monolayer can sustain significant strains of up to 24% along the x-axis and 14% along the y-axis under tensile stress. The critical stresses corresponding to these strain values are 21.79 N/m and 17.46 N/m, respectively. Specifically, as the charge varies from 0.00 to -0.07 e/atom, there is an increase in the failure strain along the x-axis, from 24% at equilibrium to 30% at -0.07 e/atom. At equilibrium, the CF monolayer is identified as a direct semiconductor with a band gap of 3.21 eV. Despite charge doping, the monolayer CF retains its direct semiconductor properties. Notably, the energy band gap of the CF monolayer is dependent on charge doping and can be modified by about 10%. Furthermore, the electronic properties of the CF monolayer suggest its potential applications in spin-polarized electronics. Our results provide evidence of the applicability of the CF monolayer in electronic devices.
Selective Carbon Monoxide-Gas-Sensing Properties over CuO/Rb2CO3 Nanohybrid Structure
Authors: Nguyen Manh Hung , Nguyen Van Hoang , Pham Tien Hung , Phung Dinh Hoat , Nguyen Minh Hieu
Published: December 2024

CuO/Rb2CO3 nanohybrid structures are fabricated, and their selectivity to CO over H2 as well as related sensing mechanisms are investigated. A series of CuO/Rb2CO3 nanohybrid structures are deposited on alumina substrates by the bar-coating method. The chemical, morphological, and structural properties of the nanohybrid structures are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The best selectivity to CO over H2 and highest CO response level are observed upon CuO/Rb2CO3 nanohybrid (5 wt.% Rb2CO3). The gas-sensing performance of the CuO/Rb2CO3 hybrid nanostructures is analyzed to prove that the catalytic properties of Rb2CO3 and its modulation ability to hole accumulation layer thickness of CuO determine the outstanding selectivity and high response level of CuO/Rb2CO3 nanohybrid structure compared to pristine CuO nanoparticles.
Skin lesions and the role of the internist: a series of clinical cases
Authors: Bologna Carolina , Birra Domenico , Lugarà Marina , De Sena Antonietta , Oliva Gabriella , Tirelli Paolo , Madonna Pasquale , Nuzzo Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

The skin often acts as an indicator of underlying internal diseases and skin lesions that are difficult to diagnose are one of the reasons for hospitalization in internal medicine departments where patients frequently arrive after a long journey between different dermatology specialists and after ineffective or sometimes responsible for diagnostic delays. In this article, we will illustrate three clinical cases observed in our General Medicine Unit of the Ospedale del Mare in Naples in the last year that are characterized by diagnostic errors that misled our attention, the notable difficulty in the diagnostic classification, and the duration of hospitalization necessary to reach the correct diagnosis. The first case is that of a patient diagnosed with violin spider lesions who, after a 2-week hospitalization, was discharged with the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In the second case, the patient was hospitalized for suspected lesions caused by Burger’s disease and was instead discharged with a lesion caused by mycosis fungoides. The third case is that of a patient hospitalized for suspected vasculitis and discharged with the diagnosis of drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Successful heart transplantation after 4 years of bridging with HeartWare HVAD for left ventricular noncompaction in an 11-year-old boy with prohibitively high pulmonary vascular resistance
Authors: Balakrishnan Komarakshi R. , Kandasami Sureshkumaran , Genny Suresh Rao Kemundel , Ramaswamy Rajesh Kumar , Ravikumar Ratnagiri
Published: December 2024

End-stage heart failure due to left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) poses unique challenges for ventricular assist device implantation, like inflow cannula obstruction due to trabeculations. We report a case of an 11-year-old boy with LVNC who underwent successful HeartWare implantation as a bridge to transplant for high pulmonary vascular resistance and had successful heart transplantation after 4 years of HeartWare support.
Roadmap for the Development and Implementation of Entrustable Professional Activities to Enable Effective Clinical Training
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Gade Shubhada , Vagha Sunita
Published: December 2024

In the field of clinical training, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) generally deal with those activities that health-care professionals will be encountering in their routine practice, and thus exposure to these activities prepares them for their future clinical practice. Workplace-based assessment tools have been used to assess the progress of medical students across these defined EPAs. The act of development of EPAs essentially requires the adoption of a systematic process to identify and define the core tasks and responsibilities that medical students must be able to perform independently in a specific specialty. The process of integration of EPAs into the medical school curriculum essentially requires systematic planning and implementation to ensure that students get an adequate number of opportunities to develop and demonstrate the desired competencies. In conclusion, EPAs provide an excellent framework for transforming medical education by preparing medical students to be ready for the complexities of health-care delivery.
Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Three Different Furcal Perforation Repair Materials: An In vitro Study
Authors: De Sriparna , Naik N Sathyajith , Sharma Shivangi , Vashisth Pallavi , Dua Rasleen , Maheshwari Priya
Published: December 2024

Background:

The choice of sealing material is a crucial factor that influences the outcome of endodontic treatment.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Endocem MTA, and NeoPutty MTA when used as furcal perforation repair materials.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 45 mandibular molars were used. Root canal treatment was carried out following which standardized furcal perforations were made. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of 15 teeth each. Group A-Furcal perforation repair by means of MTA Angelus, Group B-Furcal perforation repair using Endocem MTA, and Group C-Furcal perforation repair by NeoPutty MTA. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with temporary restorative material and immersed in 1% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration was measured using a stereo-microscope.

Results:

The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 16.15, P < 0.001). On calculating the depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 32.83% in Group I, 52.92% in Group II and the lowest, 16.35% in Group III. The ANOVA test reveals a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 15.92, P < 0.001). Comparing the depth of dye penetration of dye, 33.3% of the Group I samples showed ≥50%, 49%–25%, and <25% dye penetration. Although 56.7% of Group II samples showed ≥50% dye penetration, whereas 63.3% of Group III showed <25% dye penetration.

Conclusion:

The present study indicated that NeoPutty MTA had the least dye penetration followed by MTA Angelus and Endocem MTA.