bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High efficiency or unfair financial gain?
Authors: Jones Rod
Published: January 2015

Rod Jones, statistical advisor, discusses the adequacy, or otherwise, of the short stay tariff for emergency admissions
Step 47: Information Advisory Group
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: January 2015

In the last Steps article (Dimond, 2002) the author considered the powers given to the Secretary of State to make regulations for the disclosure of patient information. This article considers the role of the Patient Information Advisory Group.
Influences of mode of birth and personality
Authors: Miller Julia , Thornton Everard , Gittens Carmel
Published: January 2015

In the light of increasing intervention in childbirth and the continuing medicalisation of the experience, it is important to consider whether the effects of mode of birth are enduring over time. This study aims to examine primiparous women's multidimensional experience of childbirth and discover whether this is influenced by mode of birth or personality type. Primiparous women (n=245) completed questionnaires up to 72 hours after birth and were categorized into one of four modes of birth: caesarean section with general anaesthetic or by regional anaesthesia and vaginal assisted and normal birth. Women were followed up at 6 months. Women who underwent caesarean section with general anaesthetic were found to suffer significantly adverse effects relative to the vaginal normal group up to 72 hours after birth in terms of distress, fulfilment and delight and feeling cheated. The adverse effects of being cheated and less fulfilled were also evident at follow-up. The personality dimension of ‘hardiness’ played a role in determining the outcomes for mode of birth. A continuing medical approach to childbirth should be viewed cautiously as the longer term effects of mode of birth may be enduring.
International midwifery legislation
Authors: Magill-Cuerden Julia
Published: January 2015

One of the events to celebrate the 100 years of legislation of professional midwifery was an international conference entitled Birth rights: Liberty through Legislation? that took place at the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre in London on the 21–23 October. International speakers spoke of the influence of midwifery legislation upon women's health and childbearing and its importance in reducing risk in pregnancy care. The relationship between midwifery legislation and maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality was evident in the debates over 3 days.
Ethics of questionnaires — again
Authors: Robinson Jean
Published: January 2015

In the 6 years I have been writing this column, one piece stands out as having had the greatest response. It whizzed round university campuses like wildfire. It described simple and obvious concerns about ethics in social science research (Robinson, 1996). Apparently, it came as news to many that asking questions was not necessarily harmless. Everyone, it seemed, was concocting their own little questionnaire, and because they weren’t taking blood or biopsies, assumed there could be no ethical problems. Those who applied for approval to any of the three research committees I sat on soon learned otherwise… I was simply insisting on the same standards of quality and ethics for social science as for clinical research.
Evaluating a new course in postnatal care
Authors: Mitchell Mary , Doyle Mary
Published: January 2015

An innovative course has been developed and implemented to enable midwives to extend their role in the postnatal period. This is in response to the challenge for midwives to enhance their public health role. On completion of the course participants felt that they had developed practical strategies about where and how to improve the quality of postnatal care, up to and including the 6–week postnatal examination. This article reviews and evaluates this course and makes some suggestions for future developments for both education and practice.
The HOOP study: A critical assessment
Authors: Robertson Beverly
Published: January 2015

As a midwifery student, one matter that caused particular confusion was whether to ‘guard’ the perineum or not. A review of the literature revealed that neither alternative can be positively identified as best at preventing or minimizing perineal trauma and reducing subsequent postnatal morbidity. The need for good quality randomized, controlled trials had been highlighted as the way forward. It was hoped that the then forthcoming HOOP (Hands On Or Poised) study would identify which of the two was best at reducing postnatal perineal pain and provide the necessary generalized researchbased evidence to reliably inform midwives’ practice. It is widely recognized that the measurement of pain has inherent difficulties. The HOOP study acknowledged that the evidence collected from women in the category of ‘mild’ pain was potentially flawed, but, nonetheless, utilized this same data to provide what was claimed as the ‘significant’ finding of HOOP. For midwives and women the problem remains unresolved.
Promoting evidence: systematic reviews
Authors: West Jane , Tuffnell Derek , Kleijnen Jos
Published: January 2015

To keep up with the evidence-based care ‘revolution’, midwives should be equipped to access and understand available evidence. Systematic reviews can organize and summarize evidence to help us make sense of the unmanageable amount of published research, and electronic publication has ensured their accessibility. If mothers are to make real choices about their care they require reliable and up-to-date information and will almost certainly look to their midwife to provide it.
Mental capacity and mental health acts part 2: a gap in statutory provision
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: January 2015

The revised Mental Health Act 1983 code of practice will have a new chapter providing clearer information about the interface between the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Both the House of Commons Health Select Committee (2013) and the House of Lords Mental Capacity Act Committee (2014) have argued that poor understanding of the interface has led to flawed decision making by doctors and nurses. In the second of a series of articles, the author discusses a gap in statutory provision that has been inadvertently created by Parliament's eagerness to avoid a conflict between these statutes in relation to a deprivation of liberty.
Screening-detected non-symptomatic breast cancer: a case history
Authors: Glackin Marie , Gregg Tanya
Published: January 2015

Alice is a 65 year-old woman who was recalled for further investigations following a routine screening mammogram, which showed a 25 mm mass in her left breast. This case history will report on the further investigations and surgery required to manage this infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The histopathology report will be analysed to provide a rationale for future treatment with radiotherapy, and Alice's expected prognosis will be presented using the Nottingham Prognostic Index. Alice's psychological support needs will identified and the appropriate interventions will be discussed with a particular focus on Alice's history of depression. The supportive and educational role of the breast care nurse and the multidisciplinary team will be highlighted throughout the study.
A portable, disposable system for negative-pressure wound therapy
Authors: Brandon Tanya
Published: January 2015

Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) imparts a number of clinical effects that promote a healing response and, as such, is a well-established means of treating a variety of wound types. Historically, the technique has been primarily used in the hospital setting; however, the introduction of more portable devices has led to an increase in the use of NPWT in the homecare setting, thereby facilitating early discharge of patients from hospital and continuity of care in the community. Portable NPWT devices also have the potential to impact positively on patients' quality of life, allowing increased mobility and freedom to undertake normal activities of daily living. Following the development of its standard Avance® NPWT system and associated dressing kits, Mölnlycke Health Care (Gothenburg, Sweden) has introduced a single-patient-use, disposable NPWT system; Avance Solo. This has been developed with a view to maximising patient freedom and mobility, providing a single-patient-use NPWT solution for multi-week treatment to allow quick and easy discharge of patients from hospital to home, and reducing some of the challenges of logistics and administration associated with the provision of NPWT for the caregiver. As with the standard NPWT system, the single-patient use system is supplied with a number of products incorporating Safetac® adhesive technology to minimise the risk of patients suffering unnecessary pain and trauma associated with dressing changes. This article presents a series of case studies describing procedures and outcomes following the application of the Avance Solo single-patient-use system.
Promoting safe IV management in practice using H.A.N.D.S.
Authors: Frimpong Angela , Caguioa Jennifer , Octavo Genevi
Published: January 2015

The aim of this article is to promote best practice for the insertion and care of intravascular (IV) devices. The H.A.N.D.S. acronym was created to serve as an aide memoire to general and specialist nurses regarding the 5 key interventions to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). In order to promote safe and evidence-based practice in IV therapy a practical guide with clinical information about common IV procedures has been developed. This article provides back-to-basics guidance on how to deliver IV therapy safely and effectively.
Asthma part 1: signs, symptoms and diagnosis
Authors: McMurray Ann
Published: January 2015

There are, on average, two children in in every classroom with asthma. It is important that school nurses are aware of the latest evidence on the condition.

This first article in a series on asthma looks at the signs and symptoms of the condition, and its diagnosis.
Shifting policies and enduring themes in school nursing
Authors: Chase Elaine , Chalmers Helen , Thomas Felicity , Hollingworth Katie , Aggleton Peter
Published: January 2015

This paper draws on recent research examining the contexts in which school nurses have worked to date, and highlights some of the tensions they have faced in striving to meet a range of national health targets, which at times have lacked synergy and coherence. It first considers the findings from the study in relation to the vision for public health recently outlined by Andrew Lansley, Secretary of State for Health. It then goes on to reflect on the challenges that will need to be addressed at national and local levels if nurses are to work to their full potential in promoting the health of children, young people and their families, in line with this vision.
Working towards a better understanding of self-harm
Authors: Gregson Stephen
Published: January 2015

Dr Stephen Gregson looks at competing definitions of self-harm, data, common misconceptions and the work of the National Self-Harm Network.
Looking at the accessibility of sexual health services
Authors: Martin Emma , Rabie Gay
Published: January 2015

Accessing sexual health services and information is still an issue for many young people. This article looks at ways in which future sexual health services can be improved to remove potential barriers and better meet the complex needs of young people.
Rehabilitation: a liberating experience
Authors: Denys Maria St.
Published: January 2015

The liberating experience I had was of being a patient in a large rehabilitation hospital. My encounter was brought about through sustaining a major stroke. While it was a traumatic and unwelcome event, I was, after a period of time, able to recognize the enrichment of expectation. My perception increased and it forced me to acknowledge the importance of existentialism.
Empowering health in chronic illness: a conceptual model
Authors: McGonigal Gail C
Published: January 2015

Chronic illness is viewed as a process of coping with impairment, disability or handicap. Rehabilitation can help to achieve health simply by transforming the negative connotation of these states into a positive action for change. It encourages not only an optimum level of independence, but facilitates qualities of empowerment enabling greater autonomy and control for change. The inspired confidence in productive occupation generates greater benefits for control, functional independence socialization and wellbeing. It is the final stage of therapeutic treatment for health.
Art and nature served on a plate
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: January 2015

Creating plate gardens by making use of both natural and recycled objects will inspire and enthuse children of all ages, while bringing them into closer contact with the environment.
Getting back on topic
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: January 2015

Theming learning into units of interest became popular when childminders were brought under Ofsted's fold; interest has waned in recent years, but is there still a place for it?
Teach empathy and understanding
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: January 2015

Children may find it hard to empathise with others and to understand the feelings and needs of peers; helping them do so will encompass a child's growing self-awareness.
We start far too young
Authors: Jones Julia
Published: January 2015

Academics and sector experts are in agreement that children start formal schooling much too early in this country, yet the current government steadfastly refuses to listen to reason.
Mythical creatures – Merfolk
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: January 2015

The third article in our series that will be examining mythical beasts, their history, their place in storytelling and activities that will help children bring them to life once more.
Dispelling the myths on CQC registration
Authors: Stuart-Wilson Fiona
Published: January 2015

As of 1 April 2011, all providers of primary dental services will have to register with the Care Quality Commission. So how will this affect the dental nurse? Fiona Stuart-Wilson explains
Practical procedures: using a spacer device
Authors: Jevon Phil
Published: January 2015

Spacer devices are becoming increasingly popular for the delivery of inhaled drugs in the treatment of asthma. They reduce the problems of poor inhaler technique with metered dose inhalers and largely eliminate oral absorption of inhaled orticosteroids. Phil Jevon outlines the procedure for using a spacer device
Legionnaires' disease: pathology, detection and management
Authors: Quinn Barry , Johnson Richard , Thomas St
Published: January 2015

Legionnaires' disease is a potentially fatal form of pneumonia, which is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and related bacteria that can be found naturally in environmental water sources. In the UK, all dental premises are required to have a written scheme and a Legionella risk assessment. Barry Quinn and Richard Johnson explain
Personnel management: ergonomics and teamwork in dental practice
Authors: Sharma Seema
Published: January 2015

Good teamwork can dramatically increase the efficiency and ergonomics of clinical work. The role of the dental nurse is highly important in today's practices that increasingly work fully in four-hand treatment practices. Seema Sharma explains how to build a dream team
Beverley Coker: Exciting times for dental nurses
Authors: Coker Beverley
Published: January 2015

Beverley Coker has worked within dental nursing for 25 years. She tells us why new education developments could further enhance a nurse's scope of practice
Spaces to share thinking
Authors: Brodie Kathy
Published: January 2015

Providing the right physical and emotional environment for sustained shared thinking to take place has many benefits for children, from problem-solving and extending knowledge, to promoting creativity.
Autism and early years
Authors: Huggett Steve
Published: January 2015

The development and learning style of children with autism differs from those of typical children, which is reflected in the SEND code of practice, but how can staff ensure they have the right training?
Prenatal development
Authors: Day Lin
Published: January 2015

Early bonding experiences and the correct stimulation play an important role in a child's development, and recent research has shown that these can have a powerful effect from even before the time of birth.
Be careful what you wish for
Authors: Dubiel Jan
Published: January 2015

It is very easy to view each departmental communiqué in a negative light, but although the sector is often united in opposing reforms, doing so can open the door to even more inappropriate policy.
What we can learn from… Autumn
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: January 2015

This month, we take a look at the season of ‘mists and mellow fruitfulness’, a time when children will start or return to school, when nature changes colour and when festivals are full of light.
Superheroes welcome
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: January 2015

There is still some resistance to allowing children to role-play as superheroes in early years settings, but the benefits far outweigh any possible negatives, especially when you really analyse what is happening.
Recipes against rickets
Authors: Hunter Mark
Published: January 2015

It may surprise you, but a combination of sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy and unbalanced diets, plus scares over sun exposure have paved the way for the Victorian disease, rickets, to make a comeback.
Bear's birthday bonanza
Authors: Bunting Jane
Published: January 2015

The classic children's book, We're Going on a Bear Hunt, is 25-years-old! Celebrate this iconic story with these creative and engaging activities from independent literacy consultant, Jane Bunting.
Journal scan
Authors: Coutts Alison
Published: January 2015

Alison Coutts, Senior lecturer in applied biological sciences, City University, London, provides a brief overview of recently published nursing and health articles. A reference is provided for further information.
Language translation of outcome measurement tools: views of health professionals
Authors: Dunckley Maria , Hughes Rhidian , Addington-Hall Julia , Higginson Irene J
Published: January 2015

Assessing the outcome and effectiveness of treatment is extremely important in nursing practice and it is vital that outcome measures are available to non-English speakers. We investigated health professionals' views on translating outcome measures for use in nursing practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 health professionals. Content analysis of data identified identified the following two broad themes: meeting need and cultural considerations. Specific palliative care issues were also identified. Low literacy levels among ethnically diverse communities and the need to ensure cultural equivalence were perceived as major challenges for palliative nursing practitioners when translating outcome measures. Given increasing cultural diversity within the UK, health professionals considered clinical tool translation worthwhile because it helps to address inequalities in health-care provision for ethnically diverse communities. A consideration of the cultural context is needed when interpreting responses on translated outcome measures. However, translations into appropriate languages can help overcome communication barriers and minimize the need for family members to act as interpreters for patients with palliative care needs.
Macmillan cancer and palliative care specialists: their practice development support needs
Authors: Booth Katie , Luker Karen A , Costello John , Dows Karen
Published: January 2015

This study explores the practice development support needs of specialist nurses working in cancer and palliative care, in order to assist in the improvement of cancer and palliative care services. Using a whole population survey, postal questionnaires were sent to 1144 Macmillan post holders in England, Scotland and Wales. There was a 75.7% response rate. Three focus groups consisting of a total of 21 respondents were also used as a secondary form of data collection to supplement and expand upon the questionnaire responses. The findings reveal substantial practice development needs, particularly in relation to organizational support and guidance, educational support, resources and access to evidence. The study demonstrates that nurses felt unable to engage in improving care unless initiatives were supported in practical ways by their organizations.
Hospices and rituals after death: a survey of British hospice chaplains
Authors: Walter Tony
Published: January 2015

This article presents the results of a survey asking British hospice chaplains to describe hospice involvement in postmortem, funeral and memorial rituals. The findings are followed by discussion and comment from the author, who takes a sociologist's perspective on the issues raised. It was found that many hospices provided rites for the family, both immediately after death and in the year to come, although there were differing views regarding the extent to which other patients should be involved in such rites. The only hospices that became involved with the funeral itself were those who care for children and patients with AIDS. This may be related to the longer time over which a patient can build up relationships with other patients and staff. In some other hospices, funeral and memorial services were perceived by managers as morbid, fitting uncomfortably with the hospice emphasis on life. The article suggests that hospices should choose whether or not this is an area they wish to be involved in.
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the end of life: A review of the literature
Authors: Goodridge Donna
Published: January 2015

Based on 2004 data, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the world, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease, pneumonia and HIV/AIDS. The terminal trajectory of patients with COPD is distinct from that of cancer patients. The unpredictability of prognosis for people with COPD poses different challenges in end-of-life decision-making from those faced by individuals with terminal cancer. The use of a traditional cancer-based service model to predict the need for palliative care services is not helpful for people with COPD. Drastic improvements in end of life care for the people with COPD are essential, especially with the projected rise in cases over the coming years.
Motor neurone disease: supporting patients and their families
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: January 2015

Motor neurone disease (MND), also known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease in the US, is the third most common neurodegenerative disease of adult onset in the world. It is characterised by the progressive and presently irreversible destruction of motor cells in the brain and spine, which allow voluntary movement to occur. There is no known cure.
Expert physiotherapists' clinical decision-making in acute care. Part one
Authors: Chipchase L , Prentice CE
Published: January 2015

In the current health care climate physiotherapists working in acute hospitals are not exempt from evidence-based practice pressures. Clinicians are required to incorporate clinical expertise with patient values and the best available evidence. As physiotherapists are ideally placed to intervene in the management of acutely ill inpatients, who are at a high-risk of complications, the decision-making process for the commonly performed task of mobilization requires understanding.

Presented in part one of this series are the indicators expert Australian acute care physiotherapists' used in decision-making to determine patient capacity for mobilization. Part two presents and applies study findings to functional outcome evaluation.

A focused ethnography using an in-depth interview with 12 acute care physiotherapists was employed to address this. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. No single indicator was used in participants' decision-making to determine patients' capacity for mobilization. Rather, numerous indicators were incorporated throughout a fluid, individualized and task-specific assessment and treatment process.
Scalp lesions, in images
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: January 2015

Jean Watkins describes the causes, symptoms and treatments of some common presentations of lesions on the scalp
A new learning experience
Authors: Dougan Amanda
Published: January 2015

When Amanda Dougan learnt about parenting support as part of her SCPHN course, it inspired her to reflect on her own experiences as a mother of two children.
Mental health: Therapeutic prevention
Authors: Cowley Dame Sarah
Published: January 2015

NICE has missed an opportunity to reinforce health visitors’ ability to prevent problems while offering effective low-level interventions, says Professor Dame Sarah Cowley.
Clinical forum: how effectively are we managing pain in cattle?
Authors: Wood Sarah , Barrett David , Yarnall Matt , Kerby Mike , Cutler Keith , Macfarlane Paul
Published: January 2015

Cattle practitioners are responsible for the health and welfare of their patients, including minimising pain and discomfort. Surveys of practitioners have shown wide variation in the recognition of painful processes in cattle, and in the use of analgesic agents. Here we investigate assessment of pain in cattle, analgesic options available, and some of the barriers to analgesic use. In this clinical forum the panel members consider what the gold standards in pain relief are, and what is being done in the field.
Estimating fetal age — how accurate are we?
Authors: Laven Richard
Published: January 2015

Using fetal size to estimate fetal age is a key part of pregnancy diagnosis. As ultrasound machines have got more sophisticated and more accurate, it has been possible to more accurately measure fetal size. However this does not mean that estimates of fetal age have got more accurate. This is because the accuracy of that estimate is not just dependent on the accuracy with which fetal size is measured; it is also dependent on the variability of the relationship between fetal size and fetal age. The closeness of that relationship is not changed by measuring fetal size more accurately. However, there is very little peer-reviewed evidence of the agreement between fetal size and fetal age. Most published papers have simply recorded correlation or produced a regression line; these statistics record association not agreement and do not provide any guide as to how accurate an estimate will be. An analysis of the limited published data shows that, depending on the method of calculation and the measure used, the variability in the relationship between fetal size and fetal age results in intervals around the estimates of between ±10 and 40 days, far more than result from small inaccuracies in measurement of fetal size. When measuring fetal size in practice, the key skill is rapid estimation rather than ensuring the fetus is correctly positioned so that it can be measured very accurately.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: January 2015

Introduction:

This Cattle Review focuses on antimicrobial resistance, lameness and ultrasound guided nerve blocks of the hind limb.
How changes in US agriculture have influenced the ‘new therapeutic approach’ of production animal veterinary surgeons
Authors: Lowe Jim , Ramirez Chelsey , French Dennis , Aldridge Brian
Published: January 2015

Over the past three decades a wide range of factors have driven US pork farmers towards largescale production systems. This evolution has prompted significant change in the veterinary profession serving this industry. Production advances have been allied to evolving practices and technologies in crop production, changes in animal management strategies and fluxes in market forces. Traditional, diverse, small-scale production units have been gradually replaced by large-scale confinement operations that have included three-site production technologies and streamlined nutrition programmes, directed towards improved operational and economic efficiency. Fluctuating cash crop prices, unpredictable markets, soaring capital costs, the high cost of developing multi-site segregation facilities, changing consumer demands and the retailer-driven desire for product traceability has led to more integrated production systems. This has caused the demise of many inefficient producers but has fostered the emergence of a small number of farmers who are adept at minimising risk and navigating commodity price fluctuations, and have the foresight and capital to employ technological advances to maximise efficiency. The modern day veterinarian is no longer needed for technical clinical procedures, but must have considerable critical thinking and problem solving expertise, encompassing epidemiological, pathological, environmental, logistical, animal husbandry, accounting, and finance capacities. They must also be able to define, implement, and train people in a standard process work environment. These skills and methods should really be viewed as the ‘new therapeutics’ since they continue to involve the implementation of science-based practices in resolving animal health, welfare, and production problems in this important industry.
An approach to post-mortem examination of sheep
Authors: Davies Ian
Published: January 2015

Post-mortem examination when carried out on a regular basis is a useful tool for sheep practitioners in the field. In this article, an approach to the examination, sample selection, recording of findings, consideration of post-mortem change and health and safety implications are discussed.
Controlling endoparasites on equine stud farms
Authors: Rendle David
Published: January 2015

Resistance to all of the licensed classes of anthelmintics is now widespread and targeted worming strategies are advocated to reduce selection pressure and delay the onset of anthelmintic resistance. Targeted strategies of worm control are relatively straightforward in adult horses but where youngstock are present the situation becomes more complicated. Youngstock are more susceptible to infection and clinical disease and additional parasites have to be considered in control programmes. Despite the additional complexity, targeted worming strategies can be employed on breeding establishments, and indeed should be, as owners of young horses have the most to lose if anthelmintic resistance develops.
EquineReview
Authors: Parker Russell
Published: January 2015

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on factors associated with survival following treatment for synovial sepsis, septic sialoadenitis, and the effects of psyllium and magnesium sulphate for the removal of sand from the large colon.
Clinical forum: the role of antimicrobials in the treatment and control of calf diarrhoea
Authors: Turner Andrea , Wood Sarah , Barrett David , Lorenz Ingrid , Black Jayne , Grove-White Dai , Tilling Oliver
Published: January 2015

Calf diarrhoea is very common in both dairy and beef suckler herds. In the past many calves were treated with antimicrobials but increasingly the veterinary profession and agricultural industry are being challenged regarding their use of these medicines in food producing animals. In this clinical forum some of the issues around using antimicrobials in the treatment and control of calf diarrhoea are discussed, both in the introductory article, and by panel members with varied clinical backgrounds sharing their views and expertise on the subject.
News
Authors: McGinlay Vicky
Published: January 2015

Recognizing depression in males

Assessing wellbeing

The worried unwell

Taking a global perspective
Nurse practitioners in general practice
Authors: Feeney Julie
Published: January 2015

Following five years of confusion and uncertainty about the concept of advanced practice within nursing and the clarification of the role of the Nurse practitioner which incorporates advanced nursing within its remit, the Government's Making a Difference (Department of Health, 1999) clarifies matters. In this document it highlights its vision for three levels of practitioners: registered practitioners, specialist practitioners (including health visitors, district nurses and practice nurses) and nurse consultants.
Practice nursing in New Zealand
Authors: Martin Jeannett
Published: January 2015

The New Zealand Nurses Organisation (NZNO) represents 60% of nurses in New Zealand and one third of general practice nurses are members (Docherty, personal communication). The NZNO has a Practice Nurse Section which has a similar role to that of the RCNs Practice Nurse Association. Marion Guy has recently been re-elected as Chair of the Practice Nurse Section and, with her Executive Committee, represents the interests of practice nursing at a national level within New Zealand.
Group treatment in diabetes
Authors: Egerton June , Bardle Margaret
Published: January 2015

The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the UK is continually increasing. This article describes how a small team of diabetes nurses developed a group education approach for those requiring intensification of their treatment. It is a simple measure which could easily be adapted for use in general practice. There are 2 million people with diabetes in the UK (Barnett, 1998). Of these, 90% have been classified as type 2 (previously known as ‘maturity-onset’). It is suggested that: ‘50% of patients with type 2 diabetes require intensification of their treatment’ (Gallichan, 1999). This equates to approximately 600000 people (British Diabetic Association, 1995).
Positive and negative assertiveness
Authors: Saunders Diana
Published: January 2015

During the course of a mild domestic altercation, I have been known to call my partner ‘defensive’. After a short silence his unequivocal response is to challenge me for so describing him when (to his perception) he was no more than expressing disagreement with my views.Of course he is right — from his perspective. Situations of perceptual differences are as common as nits, but they have a propensity for mega fall-outs, particularly when one side feels that the other has an ‘anti them’ agenda compounded by also feeling vulnerable.
Prostate cancer: an overview
Authors: Lee GEG , Coe J , Shah PJR
Published: January 2015

Prostate cancer affects the ageing male population with an increasing incidence for each decade of life. An increased interest in prostate cancer has arisen because of the arrival of new techniques of screening, investigation and treatment. Each of these new advances needs to be placed into perspective. The early diagnosis of prostate cancer may offer the opportunity of cure. However, over-investigation and treatment of the same patient presenting with this problem must be avoided. As a result, the screening process for prostate cancer and the patient selection for treatment are controversial current issues in the management of this disease.
Blink and you'll miss it
Authors: Saunders Diana
Published: January 2015

We all have to be aware of NHS policy and politics now. Long gone are the days of turning up to work and expecting the world to have stood still so that you can get on with life the same way as you always have. The first wave of Primary Care Groups (PCGs) moving forward to become Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) is well underway. Not many are 'going' first, more are on the starting block for October 2000 and more again for April 2001.
Counting your pebbles
Authors: White Hilary
Published: January 2015

Pebbles can be a helpful tool to introduce children to mathematics. Hilary White shares some activities designed to facilitate counting and to help explore the stones' physical attributes such as shape and weight.
We're having a ball
Authors: White Hilary
Published: January 2015

In this final article in a series of activities focusing on balls and spherical objects, Hilary White provides some fun activities to help children explore their properties, including movement, size, weight and density.
More than the sum of its parts? Contemporary fatherhood policy, practice and discourse
Authors: Dermott Esther , Miller Tina
Published: January 2015

The ‘involved’ father, who is emotionally and economically engaged, has become a recognisable ideal in many Western societies. Policy changes have to varying degrees endorsed practices of involvement especially around the time of birth and during the early weeks and months of a child’s life. Discursive changes are discernible too as men engage a language of caring, bonding and emotional, intimate connection through ‘being there’ as a father. And research on the everyday practices of fathers also indicates some degree of change. But how far are these shifts indicative of a new type of fatherhood? In this article we document key research findings, assess their significance and most importantly assess what is the cumulative effect of these changes. We conclude that while contemporary practices of fathering must be understood and explained within broader cultural and economic milieu, the multiplicity of shifts does indeed infer a new durability.
Mosque, Dome, Minaret: Ahmadiyya Architecture in Germany since 2000
Authors: Eimen Alisa
Published: January 2015

This article examines the role of dome and minaret forms in recent mosque architecture through a case study of Ahmadiyya building activity in Germany. Although viewed by the majority of Muslims as a heretical sect, the Ahmadiyya are a visible Muslim presence in Germany as a result of their missionary activities and mosque-building campaigns. Exploring their mosque architectural practices both demonstrates the variety of belief and practice in Islam and enables analysis of conventions in mosque architecture, especially the dome and minaret. These forms trigger a range of associations for Muslims and non-Muslims, which have been complicated by Orientalist presuppositions concerning sacred space and the ‘other’. Thus the design and building process is a challenging one, as the community attempts to establish a distinct and non-threatening presence in Germany. Along these lines, domes and minarets are integral elements, connecting current structures to past building traditions and regions. Specialists in the field of architecture, however, are interested in innovation, often regarding dome and minaret forms as clichéd. This article examines the layered meanings that undergird continued use of conventions in mosque architecture, arguing that the domes and minarets convey important lessons to the worshipper about history, memory and ritual practice and assist in effecting attachment to place.
Revisiting a Graduate Design Studio on Sacred Architecture: A Mosque Design in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Geva Anat
Published: January 2015

This essay describes a graduate studio where students were asked to design a new mosque in the historic old town of Yazd, Iran. The project was formed under the broader theme ‘Sacred Architecture in International Historic and Sustainable Contexts’ and required the students to think critically about design within historic, cultural, environmental and tectonic contexts. The studio also responded to concerns expressed by the American National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) about the limited international training and experience in architectural programmes. As such, the project addressed a particular design problem (a mosque design in Yazd, Iran) and responded to broader issues within the field of ­architectural pedagogy. Five examples of students’ projects demonstrate a variety of design concepts and architectural approaches to the design of the new mosque. All examples show attentiveness to faith requirements and sensitivity to the specific site restrictions, as well as to local climate conditions. The latter was emphasized by sustainable design proposals, which accommodate the harsh desert environment of Yazd. Reflections and recommendations follow the description of students’ projects and relate to the pedagogical issues in teaching global architectural history and contemporary practice.
Précis
Authors: Rashidi Seif El , Bier Carol , Balk Mesut , Miller Ashley , Patel Alka
Published: January 2015

Announcement of the 2013 AGA Khan Award for Architecture Recipients, Castle of SÃo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal, September 6, 2013

‘The First International Workshop on Geometric Patterns in Islamic Art’, Istanbul Design Center, Istanbul, Turkey, September 23–29, 2013

‘Encounters with Islamic Art: Reception, Revival and Response’, University of Michigan Museum of art, Ann Arbor, Mi, February 1, 2014

‘Architectural Exchanges in South Asia: Medieval to Contemporary Period’, South Asian Studies Program, Brandeis University, Waltham, ma, April 4, 2014
The writer as director: A case study – Brothers and Sisters (1981)
Authors: Woolley Richard
Published: January 2015

This is a practitioner’s case history of a particular, personal scripting process, in the context of Arts public funding of film in the United Kingdom, before the rise of the current screenwriting orthodoxy. The role of the script for an auteur writer-director is, here, seen more clearly as a personal tool for the development of the screen idea; format, for example, works creatively for the director rather than as a standardized part of the conventional memorandum for others it has become. Using the experience of scripting Brothers and Sisters (1981) I reflect on the interconnection between script and eventual film as a whole process, rather than as a separate set of skills, and conclude that the best way of achieving those representational goals in the screenplay context should remain open to continual experiment and debate by researchers and practitioners alike, and not be closed off for all time by absolutist formulas and set-in-stone formats.
Cargo cults: Key moments in establishing screenwriting in the New Zealand Film Commission
Authors: Joyce Hester
Published: January 2015

The New Zealand Film Commission (NZFC), a government-supported film industry funding agency founded in 1978, is directed ‘to encourage and also to participate and assist in the making, promotion, distribution and exhibition of films’. In the late 1980s the NZFC, in an attempt to capture a larger international audience for New Zealand-domiciled films, focused attention on screenwriting and screenplay development practices within the local industry. A rigorous training programme of seminar tours from Hollywood-industry script consultants, including seminars from Robert McKee and Linda Seger, followed. This article surveys key moments in this training process, the uptake of McKee and Seger’s screenplay analysis methods, and discusses the effects of these targeted initiatives on the screenwriting and development practices within the government-supported film industry through the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Endocrine and reproductive abnormalities in the men treated for medulloblastoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the childhood
Authors: Gubernatorova E E , Pavlova M G , Melnichenko G A , Mazerkina N A , Sych Yu P , Zheludkova O G , Tendieva V D , Pogorelova A S , Kotlyarevskaya E Yu
Published: January 2015

Leukoses and tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the leading malignant neoplasms encountered in the childhood. The combined treatment of these diseases including radiotherapy and polychemotherapy may have negative consequences for the functioning of the male reproductive system. The objective of the present study was to estimate the influence of therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant tumours of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) in the childhood on the endocrine and reproductive systems of the adult men. The study included 17 male patients who had undergone the treatment of PCF neoplasms and 6 men after therapy of ALL. The most widespread disorders in the patients of the former group were the small testicle size and the low inhibin B level. The combined treatment of PCF tumours produced a more pronounced adverse gonadotropic effect than ALL therapy.
Neonatal diabetes mellitus: the effectiveness of therapy with sulfonylurea preparations depending on the type of mutation in the KCNJ11 gene
Authors: Emelyanov A O , Kuraeva T L , Prokofiev S A , Medvedeva E D , Peterkova V A
Published: January 2015

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) develops within the first 6 months of life. It occurs with a frequency of 1 cases per 300,000 - 500,000 newborn infants. Pathogenesis of NDM involves over 10 different genes. Of greatest clinical significance are mutations in KCNJII and ABCC8 genes responsible for the activity of ATP-dependent potassium channels and regulating their activation. It was shown that the intake of oral sulfonylurea (SU) preparations results in the closure of these channels and thereby stimulates the release of insulin from beta-cells. For this reason, SU therapy can be applied as an alternative to insulin injections. SU preparations ensure the efficacious control of metabolic processes and substitute insulin in the majority of the cases of transient and permanent NDM associated with mutations in KCNJII and ABCC8 genes. The original observations demonstrating the relationship between the type of mutation in the KCNJII gene and the dose of SU preparations are presented.
The prevalence of subclinical hypercorticism among the patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus and alimentary obesity
Authors: Dreval A V , Komerdus I V , Murzina A V , Nechaeva O A , Tishenina R S , Borodina E G , Anashkina G A
Published: January 2015

Subclinical hypercorticism is characterized by increased cortisol secretion in the absence of the specific clinical manifestations of the disease. The prevalence of subclinical hypercorticism has been estimated at 8 cases per 10,000 population even though the frequency of subclinical hypercorticism may be higher among certain groups of the patients. We observed 111 patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 40 ones with alimentary obesity. As a result, subclinical hypercorticism was diagnosed in 4 (10%) patients with obesity and in 12 (12%) ones with diabetes mellitus. In two of these cases, the diagnosis was later changed to clinically manifested hypercorticism. The imaging studies revealed pathological changes in pituitary and adrenal glands in six of the 16 patients presenting with subclinical hypercorticism. An algorithm for the examination of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and alimentary obesity for the purpose of diagnostics of subclinical hypercorticism is proposed.
Federal clinical practice guidelines on the diagnostics, treatment, and management of the children and adolescents presenting with congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Melikyan M A
Published: January 2015

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is characterized by disregulated insulin hypersecretion with pancreatic b-cells, which lead to hypoglycemia. Untreated hypoglycemia in infancy can lead to seizures and severe brain injury. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are vital to prevent brain damage. CHI is a heterogeneous disorder in terms of its etiological factors, clinical presentation and morphological forms. Mutations in nine genes have been identified to date in patients with CHI. In addition, few syndromic forms have been described which might present with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. This review gives an overview of the classification and clinical presentation of CHI and provides guidelines for diagnostic approaches and management of patients with different forms of HI.