bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobrepeso e obesidade no contexto escolar: Um olhar da educação física
Authors: Rocha Josiel Bonafé da , Mello Paulo Cezar , Dalamaria Júnior Maurício
Published: July 2024

Esse estudo teve por objetivo analisar o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a importância da Educação Física escolar na prevenção da obesidade e sobrepeso, bem como o envolvimento dos alunos em atividades físicas fora do contexto escolar. Este artigo adotou uma abordagem descritiva de natureza quantitativa, utilizando uma pesquisa transversal para desenvolver os objetivos propostos, calculado a partir do Teste Qui-quadrado e o Teste t de Student. Os principais resultados indicam que a maioria dos alunos tem peso normal, embora exista diferença entre as escolas avaliadas no que diz respeito ao nível de obesidade. Além disso, 98% dos alunos praticam atividades físicas regularmente fora da escola e reconhecem a importância da Educação Física para hábitos saudáveis e prevenção da obesidade. A contribuição teórica deu-se a através da ampliação dos conceitos abordados a partir de uma perspectiva de complementaridade. A contribuição prática manifestou-se a partir da descoberta de subsídios empíricos com potencial para auxiliar as práticas docentes e de conscientização. Conclui-se que a educação física tem um papel crucial na promoção de hábitos saudáveis e na prevenção da obesidade e do sobrepeso entre os alunos. Os dados reforçam a necessidade de políticas educacionais que incentivem a prática regular de atividades físicas e a conscientização sobre hábitos alimentares saudáveis desde a infância.
Habitat use of the micro-endemic day gecko Phelsuma antanosy in Sainte Luce, Madagascar, and the case for translocation
Authors: Pointer MD , Tsimilajay H , Hyde Roberts S , Gill JA , Spurgin LG
Published: July 2024

The Critically Endangered day gecko Phelsuma antanosy is micro-endemic to 2 humid forest sites in southeastern Madagascar. At one of these, Sainte Luce, it inhabits 4 forest fragments, 2 of which are set to be cleared for mining. Translocation of individuals from within the mining path to protected forest fragments has been proposed to mitigate the impact of habitat loss and the resulting reduction in population size. However, lack of knowledge of its habitat requirements and population structure inhibits efforts to evaluate the likely ecological consequences of translocation. We sampled 92 P. antanosy individuals across each of the known subpopulations in Sainte Luce and assessed the habitat conditions in which they occur, alongside levels of morphological variation. Using 5 morphological trait measures, we found no evidence of subpopulation differentiation. Almost all (>87%) P. antanosy individuals were found on Pandanus longistylus plants and occupancy levels were higher in areas with moderate (30-60%) canopy cover and no other Phelsuma spp. present, suggesting that translocated individuals should be located into these conditions and within a short (<5 m) distance of P. longistylus plants. We propose that siting individuals in patches meeting these criteria may help to maximise translocation efficacy. We discuss our results in the context of the lack of ecological and genetic information on this species, the general need for long-term monitoring of threatened species and the utility of translocation projects to inform and benefit conservation science.
Day-case otologic surgery
Authors:   , Derks Laura Sophia Maria
Published: July 2024

In this thesis the feasibility, safety, and costs of performing ear surgery in a day-case setting, compared to inpatient admission, was investigated. The focus was particularly on stapes surgery and cochlear implantation, with data derived from two randomized controlled trials. We found no difference in postoperative hearing outcomes, patient quality of life, patient satisfaction, and safety in terms of postoperative complications and readmissions between the day-case and inpatient group. The financial advantage of a day-case setting was not evident from our research, partly due to the large number of day-case patients requiring postoperative inpatient admission. However, it is probable that the costs of a day-case admission are lower than that of inpatient admission. For the discussion, we evaluated ear surgeries performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that patients operated on in a Day Surgery Center, where both the patient and the involved personnel had a day-case mindset, had a much higher success rate for surgery actually being performed in a day-case setting. In conclusion, day-case otologic surgery appears feasible and safe for major ear surgery. This requires careful patient selection, surgical planning, and a "day-case mentality" among all involved parties.
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS PRESSURE ON THE CONSOLIDATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY (2014-2023)
Authors: MUSTAKIMOV A.V. ,   Center for Social Security and Riskology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, ROGACHEV S.V. ,   Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the study is to form an objective and scientifically based author's vision of the phenomenon of socio-political consolidation and rallying of Russian citizens around the figure of the head of state in the conditions of unprecedented sanctions pressure of the collective West on the Russian economy and limited opportunities for Russian citizens. Methodological basis of the study. The work used general scientific methods based on a systematic approach, namely analysis, synthesis, generalization, deduction, induction. When analyzing the specifics of the impact of international sanctions on the political process in Russia and the dynamics of mass political consciousness, the theory of sanctions (sanction theory) is used, which is based on the hypothesis of the existence of a correlation between sanctions measures and the transformation of politics in the recipient country. Research results. The authors concludes that the international anti-Russian sanctions did not meet the expectations of their initiators and led to the “reverse” effect, contributing to the appearance of the so-called “Rally Round the Flag” effect. The key phenomenon of the mass political consciousness of Russians in this context is the so-called “Crimean consensus”, characterized by a sharp increase in the approval ratings of the President of the Russian Federation and the Russian government after the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol. This consensus has been successfully maintained for several years now, despite the next economic crisis that started in the fall of 2014, the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, the general decline in the socio-economic standard of living of Russians and unprecedented sanctions pressure against Russia after the start of a Special military operation in Ukraine in 2022.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL OF MILITARY SERVICEMEN RELEASED TO THE RESERVE
Authors: YURASOV I.A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Penza branch), Penza, Russian Federation, DROKONOVA K.E. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article examines aspects that relate to the characteristics of the entrepreneurial potential of military personnel being transferred to the reserve. An analysis of the key elements that make up entrepreneurial potential was carried out, and the main characteristics reflecting the characteristics of the behavior and attitudes of military personnel were described. Based on the results of an empirical study, an assessment was made of the readiness and desire of reserve military personnel to be associated with entrepreneurial activity. Based on the data obtained, the prospects of military personnel in the field of entrepreneurship were determined.
CURRENT ISSUES OF DIGITAL EMPLOYMENT FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: SERBINA N.V. ,   Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Digital employment and related issues in modern economic conditions are under the close attention of representatives of various areas of humanitarian knowledge. The article reveals the issues related to the employment of full-time university students and describes the possibilities and limitations of the digital format of work combined with study. The difficulties encountered by this target group in the process of mastering digital professions, identified by means of a questionnaire, are analyzed. Recommendations are offered on how to overcome them with the participation of the university.
PROGNOSTIC COMPONENT OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL STATE MODERN RUSSIA AND OF ITS SPIRITUAL AND MORAL IMPERATIVES
Authors: ASONOV N.V. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPSU), Moscow, Russian Federation,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISISS RAS)
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research. Based on the methodology of political science and the associated paradigmatic component of scientific prediction of social phenomena and processes, the author of the article built his own predictive model of civilizational change in Russia and a possible way to restore the lost elements of state identity. The purpose of the research is to determine the current position of Russia within the framework of the established world community and, on its basis, to reveal the specifics of the prognostic component of the political analysis of its civilizational state and of the spiritual and moral imperatives. The nature of this work is based on the combined use of general scientific and private methods used within the framework of political analysis, supplemented by a basic set of research paradigms that allow us to give a more in-depth forecast of the possible civilizational drift of Russia in the 21st century. Results. In the course of the analysis, the author came to a number of conclusions, according to which the Russian Federation, having lost its civilizational identity in 1986-1993, was integrated into the North Atlantic community as a “granddaughter society.” Thus, Russia returned to the imperialist state of “decaying capitalism,” but as a dependent element of this community, loss of the historical union of generations. Its inherent characteristics, identified in 1916 by V.I. Lenin, preserved their nature and created the conditions for the inevitable death of civilizational diversity and the emergence of a “global human race” leading to the complete degeneration of the world community. Only Russia can stop this process if trends aimed at a real, rather than a declarative return to civilizational identity prevail and service of the historical union of generations.
PECULIARITIES OF THE SOCIAL SERVICES MARKET AND PROBLEMS OF THEIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: SMIRNOV V.M. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Labor Protection and Economics of the Russian Ministry of Labor, Moscow, Russian Federation, BASHARINA S.M. , BASHARINA A.A. ,   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The subject of the research is the quality of services in the field of social services for the population. The purpose of the work is to conduct research of social services, to provide an analysis of the market of services in the field of social services and methods for assessing the quality of the services under consideration. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the methodology for assessing the quality of services has not yet been definitively established. Identifying problems and inaccuracies in quality assessment will allow us to find a more accurate way to assess the dynamics of the market of services provided. The scientific novelty consists in identifying shortcomings and developing proposals to eliminate them when evaluating the quality of services provided by social service institutions. Considering the analysis of social organizations work and methods of assessing the quality of services provided, the author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to consider a new methodology that takes into account the opinions of consumers and experts, as well as the actual data of institutions.
THE STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF INTERACTION
Authors: LAPIN A.V. ,   Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation, ILYICHEV M.V. , KHMELEV V.A. ,   Central Economic and Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

In the article, the authors address the multifaceted phenomenon of the state and civil society and do not have an unambiguous interpretation. In this regard, the authors identify basic theoretical and methodological approaches to their study and substantiate the heuristic potential of each of them. The article analyzes the established models of the state in the global political space. At the same time, despite the new configuration of interaction between the state and society, there remain problems of effective participation of citizens and civil society institutions in political decision-making processes
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONAL CERAMICS SYNTHETIZED BY THE MODIFIED CARBONATE METHOD
Authors: RAKHIMOV R.KH. ,   Institute of Materials Science of the SPA “Physics-Sun” of the Academy of Science of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, PANKOV V.V. , YERMAKOV V.P. , RASHIDOV ZH.KH. , RAKHIMOV M.R. , RASHIDOV KH.K. ,   Institute of Renewable Energy Sources,   Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: July 2024

This article explores the properties of functional ceramics synthesized using a modified carbonate method. The authors propose and develop new methods of ceramic technology to scale up the process of obtaining ceramic nanocomposites. The study describes a synthesis method for ceramic composite powders based on the use of carbonates as starting components. The production and investigation of nanocomposite materials are considered important steps in the development of advanced technologies. The developed ceramic material has the ability to generate pulsed radiation in the far-infrared range, which finds application in various fields, including medicine, engineering, sterilization, low-temperature drying, and agricultural product processing. The potential of this material is also noted for use in optical materials, catalysts, electronics, and other areas.
IDENTIFICATION AND EXTRACTION OF ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS FOR SOLAR CELL MODELS BY EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Authors: DOLGOPOLOV M.V. ,   Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation, CHIPURA A.S. , SHISHKIN I.A. ,   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev
Published: July 2024

The article summarizes the methodology of identification and extraction of electrophysical characteristics of solar cells for various models based on experimental data and equivalent one-, two-, three-diode circuits. A technique based on computer modeling in the Wolfram Mathematica analytical system and in the Mathcad computer algebra system is proposed. The technique allows to compare theoretical and experimental data and deal with different models in both directions - from experiment to theory and vice versa. Experimental work was also carried out to create solar cells based on porous silicon with antireflection coatings (ZnS, DyF3, ZnS + DyF3) and with SiC/Si heterojunctions. Measurements of the I-V and P-V of experimental photoconverters, as well as their surface resistances from the sides of phosphorus and boron doping on the formation of the p-n-junction, were carried out. The main purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for optimizing solar cells and to present modeling and analysis methods that can be used in the development of photobetaconverters to ensure maximum power.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-CHANNEL MASS SERVICE SYSTEM WITH LIMITED QUEUING USING THE PARALLEL LIBRARY OF THE.NET PLATFORM
Authors: ANTONOVA P.V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Modern business and industry are often faced with the need to effectively manage and optimize the processes of servicing the flow of requests. In the light of this need, the paper considers the principles of developing a multi-channel mass service system with limited queueing, implemented on the .NET platform using the C# programming language. Particular attention is paid to high-performance data processing and parallel computing. The article offers architectural solutions for the realization of a multi-channel mass service system and discusses the basic components of the system, including the queue, processing channels and mechanisms for managing applications. The scientific novelty of the presented work lies in the integration of Parallel Framework into the development process of a multi-channel mass service system with limited queueing, which allows to optimize resource allocation and reduce waiting time in the system. The paper presents code examples which demonstrate aspects of multi-threading implementation and the use of competitive collections for efficient queue request management. Opportunities for further development of multi-channel mass-maintenance systems on .NET platform are considered, taking into account constantly changing requirements and technological capabilities.
ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF THE OPTIMIZER MODE FOR OBTAINING THE OPTIMAL PLAN FOR THE EXECUTION OF A QUERY IN THE ORACLE DBMS
Authors: UNKOVSKAI G.A. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The relevance of this topic is related to the widespread use of Oracle database management systems (DBMS) in many industries where data volumes are extremely large, which requires high system performance, reliability and fault tolerance. The gradual increase in the number of users and the increasing amount of information processed in conditions of limited resources leads to the need for optimization to achieve stable results and reduce performance incidents. In Oracle, no matter what actions are performed on the data, an optimizer is involved, whose task is to determine the optimal query execution plan. The purpose of this study is to analyze the principles of the optimizer modes, compare them, determine the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, as well as the degree of influence of various factors on the construction of an optimal query execution plan for each of the optimizer modes. Simulations have shown that response time, overhead, and runtime stability can be improved by applying the correct optimizer mode. The result of the study is to provide recommendations for choosing the optimizer mode for a specific case.
FORMATION OF A REGIONAL MINING MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE IN RUSSIA IN THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors: NEKLYUDOV EUGENY G. ,   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research. The process of forming the regional structure of the mining department is considered in the context of the implementation of two reforms of the organizational foundations of the Russian mining industry in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The basis of the study is a structural and functional analysis, which allows us to dynamically trace changes in the organization of regional institutions of the mining department. The research is based on thematic scientific literature and legislative acts from the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Results. The analysis showed that having emerged in its new format in 1807, the department retained it until the end of the imperial period, developing towards increasing the number of its regional bodies from two to eight, which was a consequence of the development of the sectoral and spatial organization of the mining industry. Moreover, in the 1860s the structure and functionality of these institutions changed significantly, freed from the previous «non-core» responsibilities (social, judicial and police) and aimed at managing state-owned factories and supervising private industry. It is concluded that the state of the mining department in the first half of the 19th century corresponded to the proto-industrial level of development of the mining industry with its «serf-like» social organization and relatively slow pace of development, while the appearance of the department, emerging in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, was already correlated with the early industrial level of industry with dynamically developing entrepreneurship and its spread over the vast territory of the empire.
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRIFICATION IN THE URAL ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: ZHURAVLEVA VERA A. ,   The branch of South Ural State University, Zlatoust, Russian Federation, MIROSHNICHENKO MARIA I. , PALETSKIKH NADEZHDA P. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation,   South Ural State Agrarian University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to consider some social aspects of the electrification process in the Urals in the pre-war period (1938-1941). The choice of topic is explained not only by its relevance, but also by insufficient knowledge. Foreign historiography of related issues includes works by such authors as G. Goodey, R. Klein, D. Nye, who focus on the sociocultural significance of the introduction of new technologies. To solve the stated problem, a source base was formed, consisting of archival documents and materials from local periodicals. The theoretical basis of the study is the hypothesis of pre-war Soviet society as a modernizing mobilization-type society. The processes of electrical construction, radio installation, and film installation in the urban and rural areas of the Greater Urals during the years of the Third Five-Year Plan are shown. The level of energy supply to social facilities is characterized, and shortcomings in the energy supply to the population are noted. It is concluded that the totality of social consequences of electrification can be qualified as an increase in social resources aimed at protecting and further developing Soviet civilization.
ABOUT THE ACHIEVEMENTS AND FACTORS THAT DETERMINED THE SLOWDOWN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE USSR OIL AND GAS COMPLEX AT THE TURN OF THE 1960-1970
Authors: BODROVA ELENA V. ,   «MIREA - Russian Technological University», Moscow, Russian Federation, KALINOV VYACHESLAV V. , KRASIVSKAYA VALERIYA N. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the publication is a study based on the study of archival documents of the problem of the development of the oil and gas complex of the USSR in the second half of the 1960s - early 1970s, the factors that determined the lag of the industry in a number of indicators from the leading countries are identified. The conclusions are formulated that, along with huge achievements due to managerial miscalculations, it was not possible to overcome the shortage of high-quality special equipment, the shortage of qualified personnel, and to introduce the most modern computing technology in processing the results of geological exploration. The reasons for the difficulties are the departmental approach, insufficient investments, and objective difficulties associated with the development of new hard-to-reach regions. In the same row: the lack of effective interaction between industry and academic science, slow implementation of the results of developments in production. It is proved that experts specifically stipulated the need for special measures aimed at ensuring drilling in the regions of Siberia, the North and the Far East. The recommendations of scientists and industry experts were designed to help ensure the development of oil provinces in a shorter time and increase the efficiency of exploration for oil and gas. However, the conclusions of the academic community, gas and oil workers were often ignored.
COUNTERING THE USE OF DIGITAL CURRENCY IN LEGALIZATION (LAUNDERING) CASH
Authors: YATSELENKO BORIS V. ,   All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation, SHADRIKHINA IRINA S.
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on the qualification of the legalization of funds acquired unlawfully through the utilization of digital currency, a prevalent occurrence in contemporary times. The crime of legalization is a highly concealed one, which is why criminal groups have found money laundering to be an effective method. With respect to this issue, it is essential for the legislator to carefully examine multiple regulatory legal provisions to bolster the effectiveness of combating the legalization (laundering) of income through digital currencies. Within the framework of the article, the author examines the inconsistency of the criminal legislation of Russia, which establishes responsibility for the crime in question, and provides general recommendations on countering this act.
DICOTOMIA ENTRE CAPITALISMO E MEIO AMBIENTE: A INSUSTENTABILIDADE DA SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Santos Felipe Alan Souza
Published: July 2024

Com o crescimento da sociedade de consumo, o ritmo das atividades econômicas tornou-se muito mais intenso, o que fez crescer, de modo indiscriminado, a interferência do ser humano sobre a natureza. Para muitos estudiosos, o modelo de desenvolvimento capitalista, baseado em inovações tecnológicas, na busca do lucro e do aumento dos níveis de consumo, precisa ser substituído por outro, que leve em consideração os limites suportáveis da natureza e da própria vida. Objetivou-se, neste artigo, compreender a discussão da geografia para o entendimento da dicotomia entre o desenvolvimento produtivo capitalista e a sustentabilidade. A metodologia deste trabalho está baseada em análise de textos de geógrafos que trabalham o processo de industrialização e as premissas da sustentabilidade. As conclusões derivadas dessa análise teórica demonstraram que a sustentabilidade é inviável no sistema capitalista de produção, que segrega, dilapida e diminui a qualidade de vida de grande parte da população e dos recursos naturais existentes em nosso planeta.
RIQUEZAS DA MATA ATLÂNTICA MARANGUAPENSE ATRAVÉS DE CORDEL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Andrade Carolina Bonfim de , Castro Laura Helena Pinto de , Conde Ivo Batista , Paixão Germana Costa , Pantoja Lydia Dayanne Maia
Published: July 2024

O município de Maranguape, estado do Ceará, é agraciado por abrigar em seu encrave florestal, espécies típicas do bioma Mata Atlântica. Dentre as ações de preservação, necessita-se educar o ser humano como sujeito ecológico e consciente. Diante destas perspectivas, objetivou-se a confecção e validação de um cordel educativo sobre os remanescentes de Mata Atlântica presentes na Serra de Maranguape-Ceará. A consecução deste estudo se deu em duas fases: confecção do cordel e avaliação por juízes-especialistas. Seguindo os preceitos éticos, o cordel foi submetido a seis especialistas através de um questionário (escala de Likert), sobre conteúdo e especificações técnicas, e, interpretação pela Técnica de Delphi. Os avaliadores entraram em concordância sobre a maior parte dos apanhados, haurindo mais da metade em todos os quesitos, exceto com relação a métrica. Em seguida, os aspectos métricos foram revistos, lhe conferindo a validade de ser um instrumento de qualidade a serviço da educação ambiental.
ÍNDICE NDVI APLICADO AO SAMBAQUI DA FOZ DO RIO PORUQUARA, MUNICÍPIO DE GUARAQUEÇABA, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Villwock Fernando Henrique , Parolin Mauro , Parellada Claudia Inês
Published: July 2024

No litoral norte do Paraná, município de Guaraqueçaba, um sambaqui situado na foz do rio Poruquara vem sofrendo diversos impactos de origem antrópica e natural, ocasionando a sucessiva destruição do sítio arqueológico e da vegetação. O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os impactos ambientais que o sambaqui vem sofrendo nas últimas décadas, sendo que a verificação dos impactos foi realizada por meio do processamento de imagens de satélite (Landsat 5 – sensor TM), sendo aplicado o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), possibilitando a identificação da densidade da vegetação. Os resultados apontam que a vegetação sofreu baixa variação na densidade no período estudado, enquanto os corpos hídricos sofreram maior variação, ficando evidente o aumento de sedimentos suspenso ou concentração de algas. A partir da pesquisa, se pode concluir a constância na presença de vegetação, além de detectar períodos com maior quantidade de material suspenso nos corpos hídricos.
Auditory listening effort and reaction time: a comparative study between single sided deaf cochlear implant users and normal hearing controls
Authors: Voola Marcus Windsor Rao , Tavora-Vieira Dayse , Wedekind Andre , Bogdanov Caris , Acharya Aanand
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Cochlear implant (CI) provision has been shown to be the only hearing rehabilitation option that can improve speech perception in noise and sound localization in SSD listeners. Individuals with SSD are known to exert increased listening effort when compared to normal hearing individuals, and this remains true even with CI use. Recently, reaction time (RT) has emerged as a promising metric for quantifying listening effort. As such, the current study compared performance (RT and Accuracy) of SSD participants (with and without the use of their CI) to normal hearing (NH) listeners. We assessed three listening conditions: (1) monaural listening in quiet, (2) free field listening in quiet, and (3) free field listening in background noise.

Method

SSD CI data was retrospectively obtained from two past studies conducted by the group. For monaural listening and free field listening in quiet, the same 10 SSD CI participants and 10 NH controls was recruited. For free field listening in noise condition, 12 SSD CI participants and 12 NH controls were recruited. In all condition, participants were required to complete an auditory oddball task, discerning odd and even numbers. RT and target accuracy were the metrics recorded.

Results

In monaural listening conditions, SSD CI users exhibited significantly delayed RTs compared to their NHE and to NH controls when stimuli was played directly through the CI. Surprisingly, the RT for the NHE of SSD CI users was also delayed when compared to the NH controls. Free field listening in quiet conditions showed increased RTs for SSD CI users, with and without CI, compared to NH controls, indicating the persistent impact of SSD on processing. In free field listening in noise, CI use significantly improved RTs for SSD individuals but did not reach NH levels. Despite the RT differences, task accuracy remained comparable between groups.

Discussion

SSD CI users exhibited longer RTs in all test conditions, suggesting they expend more listening effort than normal hearing controls. This increased effort likely accounts for the delayed RTs, highlighting the additional processing challenges faced by SSD CI users.
Role of microglia in diabetic neuropathic pain
Authors: Wang Qian , Xie Yilin , Ma Shichao , Luo Hongliang , Qiu Yue
Published: July 2024

Approximately one-third of the patients with diabetes worldwide suffer from neuropathic pain, mainly categorized by spontaneous and stimulus-induced pain. Microglia are a class of immune effector cells residing in the central nervous system and play a pivotal role in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Microglia specifically respond to hyperglycemia along with inflammatory cytokines and adenosine triphosphate produced during hyperglycemic damage to nerve fibers. Because of the presence of multiple receptors on the microglial surface, microglia are dynamically and highly responsive to their immediate environment. Following peripheral sensitization caused by hyperglycemia, microglia are affected by the cascade of inflammatory factors and other substances and respond accordingly, resulting in a change in their functional state for DNP pathogenesis. Inhibition of receptors such as P2X reporters, reducing cytokine expression levels in the microglial reactivity mechanisms, and inhibiting their intracellular signaling pathways can effectively alleviate DNP. A variety of drugs attenuate DNP by inhibiting the aforementioned processes induced by microglial reactivity. In this review, we summarize the pathological mechanisms by which microglia promote and maintain DNP, the drugs and therapeutic techniques available, and the latest advances in this field.
Influence of surfactant on sol-gel-prepared TiO2: characterization and photocatalytic dye degradation in water
Authors: Mkhohlakali Andile , Jen Tien-Chien , Ledwaba Kabelo , Mapukata Sivuyisiwe , Mabowa Happy Mothepane , Letsoalo Mokgehle R. , Ntsasa Napo , Tshilongo James
Published: July 2024

Graphical Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucinous phenotypes and algUmucABD operon mutant characteristics obtained from inpatients with bronchiectasis and their correlation with acute aggravation
Authors: Tan Yuxue , Dai Zhongshang
Published: July 2024

Objective

Although the mechanism is unclear, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection directly affects the frequency of acute exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis. The aims of this article are to analyze the genetic mutation characteristics of the algUmucABD operon in PA, isolated from hospitalized patients with bronchiectasis, and to explore independent risk factors for frequent acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis.

Methods

Based on the number of acute exacerbations that occurred in the past year, these patients with bronchiectasis were divided into those with frequent acute exacerbations (Group A) and those with non-frequent acute exacerbations (Group B). We identified the distribution of mucoid phenotypes (MPs) and alginate morphotypes (AMs) in PA, and classified them into I–IV categories based on their different AMs; otherwise, the gene mutation types (GMTs) of the algUmucABD operon were tested. Subsequently, the relationship between GMT, MP, and AM and the independent risk factors for frequent acute exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis were explored.

Results

A total of 93 patients and 75 PA strains, from January 2019 to August 2023, were included in this study. The MP and AM distributions of PA were as follows: 64 strains (85.33%) of mucoid (the AMs were 38 strains of type I, 3 strains of type II, and 23 strains of type IV) and 11 strains of non-mucoid (the AM was type III only). Mucoid PA with algU, mucA, mucB, and mucD mutations accounted for 19.61%, 74.51%, 31.37%, and 50.98%, respectively. GMT was divided into the following: mucA mutations only, mucA combined with other gene mutations, other gene mutations without mucA mutations, and without gene mutations. In 91.7% of PA with type I of AM, only mucA mutations occurred, and in both separate MP and AM, the GMT differences were statistically significant. Lastly, the number of lung lobes with bronchiectasis and the number of PA with mucA mutations only were the independent risk factors for frequent acute exacerbations.

Conclusion

The mucA mutation was primarily responsible for the mucoid of MP and type I of AM in PA, and it was also an independent risk factor for frequent exacerbations of bronchiectasis.
Perceptions of disinformation regulation in the Andean community
Authors: Suing Abel
Published: July 2024

Disinformation generates political polarization and affects the quality of democracy, so understanding attitudes towards the regulation of disinformation will help society and its leaders to develop effective and inclusive approaches to combat this phenomenon. The purpose of the research is to determine the perceptions and propensities of Andean Community citizens regarding the regulation of disinformation. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru have formed a political and economic bloc since 1969, and are subscribers to the Inter-American legal framework. The methodology is quantitative and qualitative, with exploratory and descriptive approaches. The instruments used are a survey, focus groups and expert interviews with experts, which were applied between July 2022 and May 2024, to establish trends and to avoid biases. It was found that 80% of respondents and participants in the focus groups agreed that misinformation alienates people from democratic representation and there was evidence of distrust in elections. A vision of regulation by states persists, through laws, rather than self- or co-regulation. The discussion revolves around the need for a multifaceted approach to combat disinformation, between regulation, media literacy and the responsibility of digital platforms, without compromising freedom of expression.
Extensive myocardial calcifications: a systematic literature review of a rare pathological phenomenon
Authors: Sozzi Fabiola B. , Gnan Eleonora , Faggiano Andrea , Giangiacomi Francesco , Iacuzio Laura , Canetta Ciro , Santangelo Gloria , Pisaniello Marco , Eker Armand , Carugo Stefano
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Myocardial calcifications (MC) represent a relatively rare pathological process, which may accompany different cardiovascular conditions and can be broadly categorized as dystrophic or metastatic. Myocardial infarction (MI) has been traditionally regarded as the main cause of MC overall; however, no updated comprehensive data on the relative incidence of different forms of MC is available. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature is to analyze the currently available evidence on MC in terms of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical presentation.

Methods and results

A total of 241 studies including a total of 368 patients affected by extensive MC were included in the final review. The majority of patients (69.8%) presented with dystrophic MC. Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) represents the single most common etiology of MC (24.2%), while sepsis/acute systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIRS) and chronic kidney disease were identified as the second and third most common causes respectively. The relative incidence of etiologies also varies across the years, with MI being more represented before 1990, and sepsis/SIRS becoming the single most common cause of MC after 1990. Multimodality imaging was used in the work-up of MC in 42.7% of cases. The most commonly employed imaging modality overall was echocardiography (51.9%), while after 1990 computed tomography scan became the most widely used tool (70.1%).

Conclusion

The present systematic review provides new insights into the pathophysiology of MC. Previously thought to be mainly a consequence of ischemic heart disease, our data indicate that other diseases, namely EMF and sepsis/SIRS, are indeed the main conditions associated with MC. The importance of multimodality imaging in the work-up of MC is also highlighted.
Analytical solution for mechanical behavior characterization of sandy dolomite tunneling
Authors: Sun Di , Tao Zhigang , Yang Hong , Shui Haoche , Lei Xiaotian , Wang Fengnian , Huo Shusen , Shu Hang , Xia Weitong , Wang Zhaoxi , He Manchao
Published: July 2024

Tunneling in sandy dolomite strata often faces hazards such as collapse, water inrush, and water–sand inrush, seriously threatening the safety of tunnel construction. There are currently limited studies on the mechanical behaviors of sandy dolomite tunnels. In view of this, an analytical solution for tunneling in sandy dolomite strata is derived in this study, and then parametric analysis is performed to analyze the mechanical response of rock mass in sandy dolomite tunnels. The results demonstrate five tunnel sidewall stress scenarios according to the different lateral pressure coefficients (λ). Varying λ values impact stress distribution and tunnel stability, with extreme values posing risks of instability. Tunnel safety is greatly reduced when rock stress approaches the plastic limit. At different internal friction angles, cohesion, and initial rock stresses, radial stress decreases gradually as the radius increases. The stress values under different conditions tend to be similar, while the effects of internal friction angle, cohesion, and initial rock stress on stress in the elastic zone decrease with increasing distance from the center of the tunnel. Under different internal friction angles and cohesion, the plastic zone radius increases with increasing distance from the excavation surface, and a larger internal friction angle and cohesion lead to an increase in stress. The stress and cohesion of a rock mass significantly affect the plastic zone radius, and an increase in tunnel excavation radius also leads to an increase in the radius of plastic zone. These findings provide a reference and insight for similar geotechnical engineering practices in the future.
A novel approach to assessing precarious rock instability in high-cold regions considering freeze-thaw forces
Authors: Zhao Yonghui , Hu Kun , Han Deming , Lang Yongxian , Zhang Lin
Published: July 2024

In high-cold regions, the instability of precarious rock masses in open-pit mines is often exacerbated by the effects of freeze-thaw cycles, posing a significant threat to the continuous production of open-pit mining operations. To address this issue effectively, we conducted an in-depth study on the precarious rock masses in the near-slope of a mining area in a high-cold region using a fracture mechanics-based stability analysis method. We analyzed the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the engineering stability. Introducing a novel approach, we established the temperature field at different time points to determine whether the freeze-thaw depth influences the generation of freeze-thaw forces on the controlling structural surfaces. Employing the maximum circumferential stress criterion, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of tension cracks in the slope and derived corresponding safety factor expressions. Focusing on retrogressive rock slopes, we divided the slope's precarious rock masses into n potentially unstable approximate rectangular rock bodies. Based on this, we developed a fracture mechanics-based slope stability calculation method considering the combined effects of freeze-thaw forces, crack water pressure, and gravity. Through relevant numerical examples, we successfully calculated the safety factors of the segmented rock bodies, revealing the varying influence of freeze-thaw forces on rock mass stability. By integrating the calculation results with practical engineering considerations, we validated the feasibility of our proposed method. Lastly, aligning with pertinent precarious rock stability assessment criteria, we provided corresponding remediation measures based on the distinct stability conditions of the rock masses. Through comprehensive research and an effective computational approach, we offer a scientifically viable solution for the stability of precarious rock masses in open-pit mines in high-cold regions, thereby providing robust technical support for the sustainable production of mining enterprises.
Who are we receiving at the university? The impact of COVID-19 on mathematics and reading learning in high school
Authors: Ortega-Barba Claudia Fabiola , Ramírez-Pérez Héctor X. , Méndez-Padilla Andrade Santiago
Published: July 2024

We researched how the transition to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the development of mathematical thinking and reading comprehension skills of high school students based on the analysis of the results of a standardized test for higher education admission. The total number of participants was N = 17,942, out of which N1 = 10,611 were pre-pandemic applicants and N2 = 7,331 were post-pandemic applicants. The pre-pandemic group took into consideration the exam results from September 2016 to June 2020. The post-pandemic group took into consideration the exam results from September 2020 up to May 2023. We conclude that emergency remote teaching decreased the average mathematical competence of incoming university students by 12.8%. Similarly, emergency remote teaching decreased the average reading achievement of students entering university by 8%. Therefore, the impact of emergency remote teaching was greater on mathematics skills than on reading achievements.
A narrative review of the measurement methods for biomechanical properties of plantar soft tissue in patients with diabetic foot
Authors: Yang Xiong-gang , Peng Zhi , Liu Xiang , Liu Xiao-liang , Lu Sheng
Published: July 2024

This article provides an overview of the development history and advantages and disadvantages of measurement methods for soft tissue properties of the plantar foot. The measurement of soft tissue properties is essential for understanding the biomechanical characteristics and function of the foot, as well as for designing and evaluating orthotic devices and footwear. Various methods have been developed to measure the properties of plantar soft tissues, including ultrasound imaging, indentation testing, magnetic resonance elastography, and shear wave elastography. Each method has its own strengths and limitations, and choosing the most appropriate method depends on the specific research or clinical objectives. This review aims to assist researchers and clinicians in selecting the most suitable measurement method for their specific needs.
Identification of low-voltage distribution substation topology based on user profile
Authors: Li Jiang , Yao Xinlong , Liu Bo
Published: July 2024

The accurate identification of low-voltage distribution substation topology plays a crucial role in research applications such as line loss management, fault location, imbalance correction, and intelligent operation and maintenance of substations. In response to the challenges posed by the large scale of users and the complex connection relationships in low-voltage distribution substations, which complicate the identification of their topology, a method for identifying low-voltage distribution substation topology based on user profiling technology is proposed. This method is supported by big data technology and introduces the concept of user profiling into the research of substation topology identification. Firstly, by deeply studying the theoretical knowledge of the relationship between the supply of distribution transformers and the power consumption of substation users, as well as the voltage similarity, we establish the feature labels for electricity coefficient and voltage similarity. Then, we use the continuous relaxation method and branch-and-bound method to solve the electricity coefficient matrix; and use the Gaussian kernel function to solve the voltage similarity matrix. Finally, by constructing a comprehensive attribution matrix using the electricity coefficient matrix and the voltage similarity matrix, employing a convolutional neural network to cluster and solve the comprehensive attribution matrix, outputting user-area attribution information, forming user-area attribution profiles, and completing the identification of area attribution relationships in low-voltage distribution systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only effectively identifies the area information to which low-voltage users belong but also discerns the connection relationships between users and area transformers.