bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune checkpoint therapy for solid tumours: clinical dilemmas and future trends
Authors: Sun Qian , Hong Zhenya , Zhang Cong , Wang Liangliang , Han Zhiqiang , Ma Ding
Published: August 2023

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the widespread use of the drug, we must deeply analyze the dilemma of the agents and seek a breakthrough in the treatment prospect. Over the past decades, these agents have demonstrated dramatic efficacy, especially in patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, in the field of a broad concept of solid tumours, non-specific indications, inseparable immune response and side effects, unconfirmed progressive disease, and complex regulatory networks of immune resistance are four barriers that limit its widespread application. Fortunately, the successful clinical trials of novel ICB agents and combination therapies, the advent of the era of oncolytic virus gene editing, and the breakthrough of the technical barriers of mRNA vaccines and nano-delivery systems have made remarkable breakthroughs currently. In this review, we enumerate the mechanisms of each immune checkpoint targets, associations between ICB with tumour mutation burden, key immune regulatory or resistance signalling pathways, the specific clinical evidence of the efficacy of classical targets and new targets among different tumour types and put forward dialectical thoughts on drug safety. Finally, we discuss the importance of accurate triage of ICB based on recent advances in predictive biomarkers and diagnostic testing techniques.
Attenuated Salmonella carrying siRNA-PD-L1 and radiation combinatorial therapy induces tumor regression on HCC through T cell-mediated immuno-enhancement
Authors: Jia Huijie , Wei Pengkun , Zhou Shijie , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Chunjing , Liang Lirui , Li Bingqing , Gan Zerui , Xia Yuanling , Jiang Hanyu , Shao Mingguang , Guo Sheng , Yang Zishan , Zhong Jiateng , Ren Feng , Zhang Huiyong , Zhang Yongxi , Zhao Tiesuo
Published: August 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of aggressive liver cancer, accounts for the majority of liver cancer diagnoses and fatalities. Despite recent advancements in HCC treatment, it remains one of the deadliest cancers. Radiation therapy (RT) is among the locoregional therapy modalities employed to treat unresectable or medically inoperable HCC. However, radioresistance poses a significant challenge. It has been demonstrated that RT induced the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells, which may affect response to PD-1-based immunotherapy, providing a rationale for combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with radiation. Here, we utilized attenuated Salmonella as a carrier to explore whether attenuated Salmonella carrying siRNA-PD-L1 could effectively enhance the antitumor effect of radiotherapy on HCC-bearing mice. Our results showed that a combination of siRNA-PD-L1 and radiotherapy had a synergistic antitumor effect by inhibiting the expression of PD-L1 induced by radiation therapy. Mechanistic insights indicated that the combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and stimulated immune cell infiltration and activation in tumor tissues. Additionally, the combination treatment increased the ratios of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells from the spleen in tumor-bearing mice. This study presents a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment, especially for patients with RT resistance.
Dynamically regulated two-site interaction of viral RNA to capture host translation initiation factor
Authors: Imai Shunsuke , Suzuki Hiroshi , Fujiyoshi Yoshinori , Shimada Ichio
Published: August 2023

Many RNA viruses employ internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in their genomic RNA to commandeer the host’s translational machinery for replication. The IRES from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 G (eIF4G), recruiting the ribosomal subunit for translation. Here, we analyze the three-dimensional structure of the complex composed of EMCV IRES, the HEAT1 domain fragment of eIF4G, and eIF4A, by cryo-electron microscopy. Two distinct eIF4G-interacting domains on the IRES are identified, and complex formation changes the angle therebetween. Further, we explore the dynamics of these domains by using solution NMR spectroscopy, revealing conformational equilibria in the microsecond to millisecond timescale. In the lowly-populated conformations, the base-pairing register of one domain is shifted with the structural transition of the three-way junction, as in the complex structure. Our study provides insights into the viral RNA’s sophisticated strategy for optimal docking to hijack the host protein.
DNAJA2 deficiency activates cGAS-STING pathway via the induction of aberrant mitosis and chromosome instability
Authors: Huang Yaping , Lu Changzheng , Wang Hanzhi , Gu Liya , Fu Yang-Xin , Li Guo-Min
Published: August 2023

Molecular chaperone HSP70s are attractive targets for cancer therapy, but their substrate broadness and functional non-specificity have limited their role in therapeutical success. Functioning as HSP70’s cochaperones, HSP40s determine the client specificity of HSP70s, and could be better targets for cancer therapy. Here we show that tumors defective in HSP40 member DNAJA2 are benefitted from immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Mechanistically, DNAJA2 maintains centrosome homeostasis by timely degrading key centriolar satellite proteins PCM1 and CEP290 via HSC70 chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Tumor cells depleted of DNAJA2 or CMA factor LAMP2A exhibit elevated levels of centriolar satellite proteins, which causes aberrant mitosis characterized by abnormal spindles, chromosome missegregation and micronuclei formation. This activates the cGAS-STING pathway to enhance ICB therapy response in tumors derived from DNAJA2-deficient cells. Our study reveals a role for DNAJA2 to regulate mitotic division and chromosome stability and suggests DNAJA2 as a potential target to enhance cancer immunotherapy, thereby providing strategies to advance HSPs-based cancer therapy.
Tuning electron delocalization of hydrogen-bonded organic framework cathode for high-performance zinc-organic batteries
Authors: Li Wenda , Xu Hengyue , Zhang Hongyi , Wei Facai , Huang Lingyan , Ke Shanzhe , Fu Jianwei , Jing Chengbin , Cheng Jiangong , Liu Shaohua
Published: August 2023

Stable cathodes with multiple redox-active centres affording a high energy density, fast redox kinetics and a long life are continuous pursuits for aqueous zinc-organic batteries. Here, we achieve a high-performance zinc-organic battery by tuning the electron delocalization within a designed fully conjugated two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded organic framework as a cathode material. Notably, the intermolecular hydrogen bonds endow this framework with a transverse two-dimensional extended stacking network and structural stability, whereas the multiple C = O and C = N electroactive centres cooperatively trigger multielectron redox chemistry with super delocalization, thereby sharply boosting the redox potential, intrinsic electronic conductivity and redox kinetics. Further mechanistic investigations reveal that the fully conjugated molecular configuration enables reversible Zn2+/H+ synergistic storage accompanied by 10-electron transfer. Benefitting from the above synergistic effects, the elaborately tailored organic cathode delivers a reversible capacity of 498.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, good cyclability and a high energy density (355 Wh kg−1).
Extrachromosomal circular DNA and structural variants highlight genome instability in Arabidopsis epigenetic mutants
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Mbodj Assane , Soundiramourtty Abirami , Llauro Christel , Ghesquière Alain , Ingouff Mathieu , Keith Slotkin R. , Pontvianne Frédéric , Catoni Marco , Mirouze Marie
Published: August 2023

Abundant extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is associated with transposable element (TE) activity. However, how the eccDNA compartment is controlled by epigenetic regulations and what is its impact on the genome is understudied. Here, using long reads, we sequence both the eccDNA compartment and the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana mutant plants affected in DNA methylation and post-transcriptional gene silencing. We detect a high load of TE-derived eccDNA with truncated and chimeric forms. On the genomic side, on top of truncated and full length TE neo-insertions, we detect complex structural variations (SVs) notably at a disease resistance cluster being a natural hotspot of SV. Finally, we serendipitously identify large tandem duplications in hypomethylated plants, suggesting that SVs could have been overlooked in epigenetic mutants. We propose that a high eccDNA load may alter DNA repair pathways leading to genome instability and the accumulation of SVs, at least in plants.
Plasmodium falciparum resistant to artemisinin and diagnostics have emerged in Ethiopia
Authors: Fola Abebe A. , Feleke Sindew M. , Mohammed Hussein , Brhane Bokretsion G. , Hennelly Christopher M. , Assefa Ashenafi , Crudal Rebecca M. , Reichert Emily , Juliano Jonathan J. , Cunningham Jane , Mamo Hassen , Solomon Hiwot , Tasew Geremew , Petros Beyene , Parr Jonathan B. , Bailey Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2023

Diagnosis and treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections are required for effective malaria control and are pre-requisites for malaria elimination efforts; hence we need to monitor emergence, evolution and spread of drug- and diagnostics-resistant parasites. We deep sequenced key drug-resistance mutations and 1,832 SNPs in the parasite genomes of 609 malaria cases collected during a diagnostic-resistance surveillance study in Ethiopia. We found that 8.0% (95% CI 7.0–9.0) of malaria cases were caused by P. falciparum carrying the candidate artemisinin partial-resistance kelch13 (K13) 622I mutation, which was less common in diagnostic-resistant parasites mediated by histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 (pfhrp2/3) deletions than in wild-type parasites (P = 0.03). Identity-by-descent analyses showed that K13 622I parasites were significantly more related to each other than to wild type (P < 0.001), consistent with recent expansion and spread of this mutation. Pfhrp2/3-deleted parasites were also highly related, with evidence of clonal transmissions at the district level. Of concern, 8.2% of K13 622I parasites also carried the pfhrp2/3 deletions. Close monitoring of the spread of combined drug- and diagnostic-resistant parasites is needed.
A new approach for simulating inhomogeneous chemical kinetics
Authors: Bradshaw Georgia , O’Leary Mel , Purser Arthur S. F. , Villagomez-Bernabe Balder , Wyett Cyrus , Currell Frederick , Webb Marcus
Published: August 2023

In this paper, inhomogeneous chemical kinetics are simulated by describing the concentrations of interacting chemical species by a linear expansion of basis functions in such a manner that the coupled reaction and diffusion processes are propagated through time efficiently by tailor-made numerical methods. The approach is illustrated through modelling $$\alpha$$
α
- and $$\gamma$$
γ
-radiolysis in thin layers of water and at their solid interfaces from the start of the chemical phase until equilibrium was established. The method’s efficiency is such that hundreds of such systems can be modelled in a few hours using a single core of a typical laptop, allowing the investigation of the effects of the underlying parameter space. Illustrative calculations showing the effects of changing dose-rate and water-layer thickness are presented. Other simulations are presented which show the approach’s capability to solve problems with spherical symmetry (an approximation to an isolated radiolytic spur), where the hollowing out of an initial Gaussian distribution is observed, in line with previous calculations. These illustrative simulations show the generality and the computational efficiency of this approach to solving reaction-diffusion problems. Furthermore, these example simulations illustrate the method’s suitability for simulating solid-fluid interfaces, which have received a lot of experimental attention in contrast to the lack of computational studies.
Performance of Bayesian EWMA control chart with measurement error under ranked set sampling schemes with application in industrial engineering
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Khan Imad , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Javaid Amjad , Khan Dost Muhammad , Alshanbari Huda M.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of the Bayesian exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart in the presence of measurement error (ME). It explores the impact of different ranked set sampling designs and loss functions on the performance of the control chart when ME is present. The analysis incorporates a covariate model, multiple measurement methods, and a conjugate prior to account for ME. The performance evaluation of the proposed Bayesian EWMA control chart with ME includes metrics such as average run length and standard deviation of run lengths. The findings, obtained through Monte Carlo simulation and real data application, indicated that ME significantly affects the performance of the Bayesian EWMA control chart when RSS schemes are employed. Particularly noteworthy is the superior performance of the median RSS scheme compared to the other two schemes in the presence of ME.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on severe non-SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia in Reunion Island: a multicenter retrospective observational study, 2016–2021
Authors: Combe Agathe , Kovacs David , de Mangou Axel , Miltgen Guillaume , Traversier Nicolas , Belmonte Olivier , Simon Olivier , Vidal Charles , Coolen-Allou Nathalie , Allyn Jérôme , Allou Nicolas
Published: August 2023

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a considerable impact on the incidence of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Reunion Island. This multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted from 2016 to 2021 in the hospitals of Reunion Island. The incidence of severe non-SARS-CoV-2 CAP, microorganisms, characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit were compared between the pre-COVID-19 period (January 1, 2016 to February 29, 2020) and the early COVID-19 period (March 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021). Over the study period, 389 patients developed severe non-SARS-CoV-2 CAP. The incidence of severe non-SARS-CoV-2 CAP significantly decreased between the two periods (9.16 vs. 4.13 cases per 100,000 person-years). The influenza virus was isolated in 43.5% patients with severe non-SARS-CoV-2 CAP in the pre-COVID-19 period and in none of the 60 patients in the early COVID-19 period (P < 0.0001). The only virus that did not decrease was rhinovirus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated bacterial microorganism, with no significant difference between the two periods. In Reunion Island, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in the incidence of influenza, which likely explains the observed decrease in the incidence of severe non-SARS-CoV-2 CAP. The pandemic had no impact on the incidence of other viral and bacterial severe non-SARS-CoV-2 CAP. Monitoring influenza incidence is crucial now that COVID-19 control measures have been removed.
Accuracy of Devereux and Teichholz formulas for left ventricular mass calculation in different geometric patterns: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sveric Krunoslav Michael , Cansız Barış , Winkler Anna , Ulbrich Stefan , Ende Georg , Heidrich Felix , Kaliske Michael , Linke Axel , Jellinghaus Stefanie
Published: August 2023

Left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass is important in the evaluation of cardiac remodeling and requires accurate assessment when performed on linear measurements in two-dimensional echocardiography (Echo). We aimed to compare the accuracy of the Devereux formula (DEV) and the Teichholz formula (TEICH) in calculating LV myocardial mass in Echo using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as the reference method. Based on preceding mathematical calculations, we identified primarily LV size rather than wall thickness as the main source of bias between DEV and TEICH in a retrospective derivation cohort (n = 1276). Although LV mass from DEV and TEICH were correlated with CMR, TEICH did not show a proportional bias as did DEV (− 2 g/m2 vs. + 22 g/m2). This could be validated in an independent prospective cohort (n = 226) with symptomatic non-ischemic heart failure. DEV systematically overestimated LV mass in all tiers of LV remodeling as compared to TEICH. In conclusion, the TEICH method accounts for the changes in LV geometry with increasing LV mass and thus better reflects the different pattern of LV remodeling than the DEV method. This has important clinical implications, as TEICH may be more appropriate for use in clinical practice, rather than DEV, currently recommended.
Generating high repetition rate X-ray attosecond pulses in a diffraction limited storage ring
Authors: Liu Weihang , Zhao Yu , Jiao Yi , Wang Sheng
Published: August 2023

To steer and track electron motion in atoms, molecules, and nanostructures, light pulses with attosecond duration and high repetition rate are required. In this paper, we use the angular dispersion-induced microbunching scheme and a few-cycle laser within a straight section (a few meters) of a diffraction-limited storage ring to generate a coherent high-flux attosecond pulse in the water window region. Simulation results based on the Southern Advanced Photon Source indicate that the proposed method can generate a chirp-free Fourier transform limited pulse with a minimum duration of 50 as, a maximum repetition rate of a few MHz, and a maximum average flux of about $$4.4\times 10^{11}$$

4.4
×

10
11

photons/s/1%Bw.
Heavy metal exposure linked to metabolic syndrome in Korean male firefighters: FRESH cohort cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Choi Jee Eun , Bae Mun-Joo , Kim Mi-Ji , Oh Sung Soo , Park Ki Soo , Lee Chan Joo , Park Sungha , Koh Sang-Baek , Cho Jaelim , Kim Changsoo
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to identify the relationship between blood lead and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations and metabolic syndromes (MetS), including its components (central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lioioritein, hypertension, and hyperglycemia) among Korean firefighters. A total of 965 firefighters of the Enhancement of Safety and Health cohort were analyzed in this study. MetS was defined according to the 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity criteria for waist circumference. The collected data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Of the 965 participants, 190 (19.7%) had MetS. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, exercise, shift duty, and main duty position, the Cd level was significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS in the Korean firefighter population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 2.46). This association was significant among non-smokers and ex-smokers (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43), non-drinkers and ex-drinkers (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.06, 2.94), firefighters aged 40 year or older (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.10, 2.86), and office administrators (OR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.42, 10.39). This outcome suggests that exposure to Cd is likely to increase risk of MetS among firefighters.
The yeast guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec7 is a bottleneck in spatial protein quality control and detoxifies neurological disease proteins
Authors: Babazadeh Roja , Schneider Kara L. , Fischbach Arthur , Hao Xinxin , Liu Beidong , Nystrom Thomas
Published: August 2023

ER-to-Golgi trafficking partakes in the sorting of misfolded cytoplasmic proteins to reduce their cytological toxicity. We show here that yeast Sec7, a protein involved in proliferation of the Golgi, is part of this pathway and participates in an Hsp70-dependent formation of insoluble protein deposits (IPOD). Sec7 associates with the disaggregase Hsp104 during a mild heat shock and increases the rate of Hsp104 diffusion in an Hsp70-dependent manner when overproduced. Sec7 overproduction increased formation of IPODs from smaller aggregates and mitigated the toxicity of Huntingtin exon-1 upon heat stress while Sec7 depletion increased sensitivity to aẞ42 of the Alzheimer’s disease and α-synuclein of the Parkinson’s disease, suggesting a role of Sec7 in mitigating proteotoxicity.
Image encryption using binary polarization states of light beam
Authors: Shikder Allarakha , Nishchal Naveen K.
Published: August 2023

Optical image/data encryption techniques are mostly based on the manipulation of spatial distributions of light's amplitude, phase, and polarization. Information encoding with phase involves complex interferometric set-up and polarization encoding requires Stoke’s parameter measurement. Hence, they create difficulties in optical implementation. Considering the practical limitations, in this study, we demonstrate a method of single-shot intensity recording-based color image encryption by encoding the information in binary polarization states. The proposed method does not require Stoke parameter calculation. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the technique with coherent and partially coherent light sources. Use of partially coherent light overcomes the speckle problem and makes the system cost-effective, useful for practical applications.
Cardioprotective effect of epigallocatechin gallate in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis in preclinical animal studies
Authors: Wei Xin-Yu , Zeng Yi-Fan , Guo Qi-Hao , Liu Ji-Jia , Yin Ni , Liu Yan , Zeng Wen-Jing
Published: August 2023

This meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the treatment of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) and summarize the mechanisms involved. Literature from six databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan-Fang database, and VIP database (VIP) were systematically searched. All the analysis were conducted by R. Twenty-five eligible studies involving 443 animals were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that compared to controls, EGCG exerts a cardioprotective effect by reducing myocardial infarct size (SMD = −4.06; 95% CI: −5.17, −2.94; P < 0.01; I2 = 77%). The funnel plot revealed publication bias. Moreover, EGCG significantly improves cardiac function, serum myocardial injury enzyme, and oxidative stress levels in MIRI animal models. This meta-analysis demonstrates that EGCG exhibits therapeutic promise in animal models of MIRI. However, further validation is still needed in large animal models and large clinical studies.
A new interpretable belief rule base model with step-length convergence strategy for aerospace relay health state assessment
Authors: Yin Xiuxian , Xu Bing , Hu Laihong , Li Hongyu , He Wei
Published: August 2023

Health state assessment is an important measure to maintain the safety of aerospace relays. Due to the uncertainty within the relay system, the accuracy of the model assessment is challenged. In addition, the opaqueness of the process and incomprehensibility of the results tend to lose trust in the model, especially in high security fields, so it is crucial to maintain the interpretability of the model. Thus, this paper proposes a new interpretable belief rule base model with step-length convergence strategy (IBRB-Sc) for aerospace relay health state assessment. First, general interpretability criteria for BRB are considered, and strategies for maintaining model interpretability are designed. Second, the evidential reasoning (ER) method is used as the inference machine. Then, optimization is performed based on the Interpretable Projection Covariance Matrix Adaptive Evolution Strategy (IP-CMA-ES). Finally, the validity of the model is verified using the JRC-7M aerospace relay as a case study. Comparative experiments show that the proposed model maintains high accuracy and achieves advantages in interpretability.
Pilot-scale testing of natural gas pipeline monitoring based on phase-OTDR and enhanced scatter optical fiber cable
Authors: Lalam Nageswara , Westbrook Paul , Naeem Khurram , Lu Ping , Ohodnicki Paul , Diemler Nathan , Buric Michael P. , Wright Ruishu
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present the results of lab and pilot-scale testing of a continuously enhanced backscattering, or Rayleigh enhanced fiber cable that can improve distributed acoustic sensing performance. In addition, the Rayleigh-enhanced fiber is embedded within a tight buffered cable configuration to withstand and be compatible for field applications. The sensing fiber cable exhibits a Rayleigh enhancement of 13 dB compared to standard silica single-mode fiber while maintaining low attenuation of ≤ 0.4 dB/km. We built a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry system to interrogate the enhanced backscattering fiber cable both in lab and pilot-scale tests. In the laboratory experiment, we analyzed the vibration performance of the enhanced backscattering fiber cable and compared it with the standard single-mode telecom fiber. Afterward, we field validated for natural gas pipeline vibration monitoring using a 4-inch diameter steel pipeline operating at a fixed pressure level of 1000 psi, and a flow rate of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ft/s. The feasibility of gas pipeline monitoring with the proposed enhanced backscattering fiber cable shows a substantial increase in vibration sensing performance. The pilot-scale testing results demonstrated in this paper enable pipeline operators to perform accurate flow monitoring, leak detection, third-party intrusion detection, and continuous pipeline ground movement.
Understanding and applying biological resilience, from genes to ecosystems
Authors: Thorogood Rose , Mustonen Ville , Aleixo Alexandre , Aphalo Pedro J. , Asiegbu Fred O. , Cabeza Mar , Cairns Johannes , Candolin Ulrika , Cardoso Pedro , Eronen Jussi T. , Hällfors Maria , Hovatta Iiris , Juslén Aino , Kovalchuk Andriy , Kulmuni Jonna , Kuula Liisa , Mäkipää Raisa , Ovaskainen Otso , Pesonen Anu-Katriina , Primmer Craig R. , Saastamoinen Marjo , Schulman Alan H. , Schulman Leif , Strona Giovanni , Vanhatalo Jarno
Published: August 2023

The natural world is under unprecedented and accelerating pressure. Much work on understanding resilience to local and global environmental change has, so far, focussed on ecosystems. However, understanding a system’s behaviour requires knowledge of its component parts and their interactions. Here we call for increased efforts to understand ‘biological resilience’, or the processes that enable components across biological levels, from genes to communities, to resist or recover from perturbations. Although ecologists and evolutionary biologists have the tool-boxes to examine form and function, efforts to integrate this knowledge across biological levels and take advantage of big data (e.g. ecological and genomic) are only just beginning. We argue that combining eco-evolutionary knowledge with ecosystem-level concepts of resilience will provide the mechanistic basis necessary to improve management of human, natural and agricultural ecosystems, and outline some of the challenges in achieving an understanding of biological resilience.
Fagopyrum tataricum ethanol extract ameliorates symptoms of hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice
Authors: Ge Xiaodong , Liu Tingting , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Jiawei , Yin Xuemei , Huang Zirui , Chen Ligen , Zhao Chao , Shao Rong , Xu Wei
Published: August 2023

FTE ameliorates symptoms of hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota in T2DM mice.
Electrolyte modification method induced atomic arrangement in FeOx/NF nanosheets for efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Fu Xiaonan , Tian Weifeng , Bai Yanzhi , Zhu Liya , Si Junwen
Published: August 2023

FEC additive induces the atomic arrangement, evolved electronic structure, and LiF-rich SEI layer.
Laser-irradiated carbonized polyaniline-N-doped graphene heterostructure improves the cyclability of on-chip microsupercapacitor
Authors: Upreti Bharat Bhushan , Kamboj Navpreet , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: August 2023

Laser irradiation technique has been employed to synthesize EDLC-type material N-doped carbonized graphene from pseudocapacitive polyaniline, which shows capacitive enhancement up to 135% after 70k continuous cycles.
C5-Propynyl modified 2′-fluoroarabinonucleic acids form stable duplexes with RNA that are RNase H competent
Authors: Pontarelli Alexander , Wilds Christopher J.
Published: August 2023

C5-Propynyl modified nucleobases of fluoroarabinonucleic acids demonstrate enhanced RNA binding and support RNase H mediated cleavage expanding the range of antisense competent modifications.
Rare-earth-metal-catalyzed highly 3,4-regioselective polymerization of polar 1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene derivates
Authors: You Fen , Wang Xiaoyu , Shi Wenyu , Yan Xuyang , Shi Xiaochao
Published: August 2023

The incorporation of polar functionalities into non-polar polymers represents a feasible strategy to tailor polymeric properties, and the direct metal-catalyzed coordination (co)polymerization of polar monomers is always a challenging topic.
Recent advances in electrochemical C–H bond amination
Authors: Liu Chen , Liu Jixuan , Li Wenyi , Lu Huan , Zhang Yunfei
Published: August 2023

.This review summarizes recent developments in electrochemical C–H amination, highlighting key inspirations and proposed mechanisms behind these sustainable oxidation-free approaches for constructing C–N bonds directly from C–H bonds.
Unveiling the potential of nanosheet-based NiTe2@MnTe hollow nanospheres in hybrid supercapacitor technology
Authors: Farashah Dorsa Dehghanpour , Beigloo Fatemeh , Zardkhoshoui Akbar Mohammadi , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed
Published: August 2023

Nanosheets constructed NiTe2@MnTe hollow nanospheres are synthesized for hybrid supercapacitor.
Technical analysis of a renewable woody biomass generator/electrolyzer poly-generative system
Authors: De Lorenzo Giuseppe , Bevilacqua Piero , Morrone Pietropaolo , Bruno Roberto , Arcuri Natale , Fragiacomo Petronilla
Published: August 2023

In the REPowerEU plan, the European Commission has envisaged a rapid reduction in dependence on fossil fuels, an acceleration of the green transition and has shown its willingness to tackle the climate crisis by resorting to greater and better use of renewable energy sources. Furthermore, from 2035 the “Fit for 55” climate package aims to reduce emissions of pollutants and climate-altering gas emissions and to encourage the diffusion of new pure electric or fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. In this context, this article deals with a poly-generative energy system for the production of H2, electric and thermal powers. It is able to satisfy the new vehicles needs and/or the electric/thermal loads of a rural building located in Rende (Italy, Lat. 39.3°N) on two typical winter and summer days. The poly-generative system is mainly composed of an energy system fed by woody biomass in a cogenerative arrangement, a photovoltaic system and a PEM electrolyzer. Technical analysis of the system shows that for the mixed fleet of 30 vehicles the output electrical and thermal powers and hydrogen production are respectively of about 50 kW, 97 kW and 9.23 kg. Furthermore, the system covers totally the electric load on summer days and the thermal load for hot water production in the summer and winter days.
Effect of vacuum desalination on heat exchange parameters
Authors: Kovalyov Anton , Krokhaleva Nelina , Savvateeva Kseniya
Published: August 2023

On the example of a thermal scheme of a waste-distillation vacuum desalination plant, it is considered how the heat exchange parameters change depending on the time of year and the region of navigation of the vessel or the location of the plant. The performance of the desalination plant depends on the performance of the engine and the temperature of the sea water, since the main engine is cooled by sea water, which in turn is used to heat the heating battery in the desalination plant. In this thermal scheme, water is heated in a heat exchanger, the characteristics of which can be selected the same as those of the main engine of the vessel.
Intelligent data analysis in an automated system of input control of raw materials on a continuous process line for the production of meat products
Authors: Kapovsky Boris , Plyasheshnik Pavel , Stefanova Victoria
Published: August 2023

The article considers conditions for partial grinding of a frozen meat block in case of detection of extraneous inclusion in it by the raw material input control system. The processing of raw materials occurs on an automated in-line production line for meat products using a single-stage chopping process. The authors stipulate a continuous inspection of all meat blocks with full automation of control operations. Localization of the layer of meat containing inclusion solves the trajectory problem of moving the block of raw materials in the guiding planes of the single-stage chopper with the establishment of a mandatory safe chopping zone. The analysis helps to determine the boundaries of the safety zone. When solving the trajectory problem, the authors accept the assumption of a rectilinear trajectory of movement of a block of meat during its single-stage chopping. The foundation of this presumption stems from a research study of the energy usage of the drive of the raw material cutting mechanism in the working mode. The calculation of estimates of numerical characteristics of the experimental distribution of power consumption of the electric motor drive of the cutting mechanism allows to judge about the reduction of dynamic loads in the technological system “shredder - meat block” causing deviations from the plane-parallel motion of the meat block, because of rigid fixation of the block in the cutting zone. Using the control system reduces the risks of using substandard raw materials within its competence while maintaining the productivity of the technological line.
Features of the development of search optimization in the strategy of electronic marketing
Authors: Dalbouh Mahmud Agel Abu
Published: August 2023

The main purpose of the study is to determine the features of the development of search engine optimization in the strategy of e-marketing companies. The features of the e-marketing strategy and its relevance in business are considered. The existing theories of SEO organization were identified - this made it possible to highlight the specifics of the organization of search engine optimization in the e-marketing strategy. The need to study the features of the organization of SEO in the electronic marketing of companies is highlighted, taking into account development trends. The key goals, methods and tools of SEO are classified. The optimal composition of the team for SEO-optimization of the company’s website has been formed, taking into account the development trends of the company and the global market. A structural and logical analysis of the existing SEO tools, which is applicable in the e-marketing strategy of modern companies, was carried out, which ensured the identification of the main trends in the development of marketing and its main elements to achieve strategic goals and ensure efficiency. The main trends in the development of SEO in the email marketing strategy of companies are highlighted with details and characteristics of the main features. Theoretical approaches are formed and the results of the study of the features of the development of SEO in the e-marketing strategy are tools for the practical application of these recommendations in the formation of a company’s marketing strategy for promoting a website, positioning the company’s brand to ensure increased efficiency.
Guidelines for Authors: Case Report
Authors: Palmer Phyllis M. , Massimino Ronald J.
Published: August 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[4]: p. 412-414 Winter 1987). The case report occupies an important place in the medical literature. It combines clinical observation with scientific data to describe a patient condition, prescribe appropriate interventions and document outcomes. Various types of case reports are described and the mechanics for writing one are presented. The case report provides a vehicle for communicating timely and pertinent information to our colleagues and is an ideal format for contributions to the Journal by beginning authors.
Regional Myocardial Temperature Variations with Asanguineous Potassium Cardioplegia
Authors: Crowley Jeffrey C. , Pelley William B. , Harken Alden H.
Published: August 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19( 4) pp. 415-419 Winter 1987,) The temperature of the myocardium during cardioplegic arrest is an indication of the extent to which that area has received both hypothermic and chemical protection. Regional myocardial temperatures were examined during asanguineous cardioplegic arrest to assess differences in temperatures, examine regional rates of rewarming, and to identify maximum temperature gradients. Myocardial temperatures were measured at the left ventricular apex, the right ventricular free wall and the interventricular septum in twenty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass using multidose asanguineous cardioplegic arrest. Aortic root temperatures were measured to identify the temperature of the cardioplegia and left heart blood temperatures during venting. Temperatures in the left ventricular apex ranged from 13.9° to 21.3°, right ventricular free wall from 15.9° to 21.9°, and the interventricular septum from 13° to 23.6°. Temperature variations in the three areas were as great as 15 ° and as little as 2 °. Myocardial temperatures are 1) not predictable due to the nature of coronary artery disease, 2) variable despite optimal delivery technique, and 3) may vary due to cannulation and systemic blood temperature.
Complement Activation During Long-Term Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Neonates
Authors: Darling Edward M. , Harris William E. , Cooper E. Shannon , Hatchell James M. , Macphee Allan A.
Published: August 2023

(J Extra-Corpor. Technol. 20[1] pp. 19–23, 32 references, Spring 1988) Complement activation is known to occur in procedures where blood comes into contact with non-biological surfaces. We followed complement activation in 5 infants undergoing long term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Duration of ECMO varied from 121 hours to 309 hours. Changes in plasma C3a, C4a, C5a, and serum CH50 levels where measured before, during, and after ECMO. Upon initiation of ECMO, plasma C3a levels increased significantly during the first 2 hours. This was followed by a steady decline to pre-ECMO levels within 24 hours. Serum whole complement, measured by CH50 units, dropped markedly by 10 minutes after initiation of ECMO, returning to pre-ECMO levels in 24 hours. Plasma levels of C5a (a factor with high affinity for neutrophils) did not change significantly; nor did plasma C4a (a factor produced via activation of the classical pathway) show significant changes. Chest X-ray images uniformly demonstrated the onset of dense pulmonary opacification during the first 24 hours of ECMO treatment. This condition slowly cleared and appeared normal at termination of ECMO. We conclude that current ECMO circuitry mediates complement activation in neonates, probably via the alternate pathway. Activation is primarily limited to the first hours of ECMO and is no longer evident after 24 hours.
A Technique For Highly Oxygenated Crystalloid Cardioplegia Delivery
Authors: Kauffman Jeffrey N. , Rigatti Richard L. , Young Melinda R. , Dorsey Lynne M.A.
Published: August 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 20[1]: p. 35–39 Spring 1988) Development of a new cardioplegic solution (oxygenated crystalloid) and method of delivery is discussed from in vivo and in vitro testing and clinical use in over 4000 clinical cases. Assemblage of existing components into a new and safe device is presented.
Prevention of Foreign Body Embolization Associated with Arterial Cannulation during Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Velardi Antonio R. , Lyons Edward , Cilley Jonathan H. , Widmer Steven J. , DelRossi Anthony J.
Published: August 2023

Prevention of embolic complications during institution of cardiopulmonary bypass requires constant attention. The detection of fragments of arterial cannula formed during the insertion of a 3/8" × 3/8" hard plastic connector is reported.
An Experimental Evaluation of the Capiox 1.6 and 5.4M2 Membrane Oxygenators for Air Removal Efficiency in the Conventional and Inverted Positions
Authors: Berryessa Richard G. , Tyndal Charles M. , Osbourn Devona
Published: August 2023

Membrane oxygenators do not create bubbles but most will transmit the bubbles which are common in venous reservoir bags. We previously reported the elimination of arterial micro-air in the 0.8m2 Capiox when operated in the inverted position with an open purge line. This same lung failed to eliminate micro-air when operated in the conventional orientation.

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Capiox as a bubble trap in lungs with a larger surface area (subgroup a-1.6m2) (subgroup b-5.4m2) and at higher flows.

Two test circuits were constructed for each size lung (Group 1—conventional orientation) (Group 11—inverted). The circuits were primed with dilute, outdated human blood (Hct. 20 ± 2%). Ten injections of air (5ml) were done for each lung in both test positions. A bubble counter on the outlet side of the lung was used to count bubbles passed through the membrane oxygenator following the air challenge.

Thirty second counts were significantly higher (p<.001) in Group I than in Group II for both size lungs. The counts for both groups were:

Group I(alb)
Group II-inverted (alb)
Size

39.4 ± 20.2/30.7 ± 7.8
0.6 ± 0.96/2.0 ± 1.3
(21-30μ),

23.6 ± 11.6/19.6 ± 7.93
0.22 ± 0.6/0.2 ± 0.6
(31-40μ),

18.8 ± 9.13/13.4 ± 4.03
0/0.1 ± 0.3
(41-50μ),

14.5 ± 7.53/21.1 ± 2.99
0/0
(51-60μ),

10.7 ± 6.38/10.1 ± 3.18
0/0
(61-70μ),

8.6 ± 3.47/7.5 ± 3.5
0/0
(71-80μ),

7.9 ± 3.51/5.7 ± 2.91
0/0
(81-90μ)

17.7± 14.67/50.0 ± 4.52
0/0
(>90μ).

The inverted orientation of both the Capiox 1.6 and 5.4 m2 lungs with an open purge line was superior to the conventional orientation for micro-air removal. As a bubble trap, both lungs compare favorably to an arterial filter in air handling characteristics.

(All data reported as mean ± S.D.).
Begutachtung der Post-COVID-Fatigue
Authors: Widder Bernhard , Tegenthoff Martin
Published: August 2023

Fatigue-Symptome sind im Rahmen eines Post-COVID-Syndroms die häufigste Folge einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Nachdem im Bereich der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung seit Beginn der Pandemie mehr als eine halbe Million Anträge auf Anerkennung einer hierdurch bedingten Berufskrankheit gestellt wurden, kommt der gutachtlichen Beurteilung der Post-COVID-Fatigue große sozialmedizinische Bedeutung zu.
Updates in Robotic Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Hajek Michael , Yao Christopher M.K.L.
Published: August 2023

The use of robotics in head and neck surgery has drastically increased over the past two decades. Transoral robotic surgery has revolutionized the surgical approach to the upper aerodigestive tract including the oropharynx and supraglottic larynx. The expanded use and improving technology of robotics have allowed for new approaches in both the ablative and reconstructive aspects of head and neck surgery. Here, we discuss the recent updates in robotics in head and neck surgery and future directions the field may turn.
Intracranial MRI Findings in a Patient with FBXO11-Related Disorder
Authors: Chandra Vishal , Aggarwal Anjali , Moen Amanda , Strul Sasha , Özütemiz Can
Published: August 2023

FBXO11-related intellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities is a rare genetic disorder. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with this disorder have been sparsely described in literature. This case report describes and depicts brain MRI of a patient with FBXO11-related disorder. The radiologic findings within this report aim to improve the knowledge of the radiologists and clinicians in the detection of this rare condition.
Pathogenic Variant in the TAF6 Gene in a Bulgarian Patient with the Ultrarare Alazami-Yuan Syndrome
Authors: Staykova Slavyana Yaneva , Atanasoska Maya , Gaydarova Maria , Balabanski Lubomir , Bradinova Irena , Vazharova Radoslava
Published: August 2023

We present a case of a 15-year-old girl, referred for genetic analysis based on clinical evidence of intellectual disability and dysmorphic features with unknown etiology. Following genetic testing, the proband was diagnosed with Alazami-Yuan syndrome (ALYUS). ALYUS is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, poor speech, and congenital anomalies. Whole-genome sequencing and targeted analysis of 1,610 genes associated with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features were performed. One pathogenic homozygous missense variant in the TAF6 gene was identified (NM_139315.3:c.212T > C, p.Ile71Thr). The finding has been previously reported in scientific publications and detected in individuals with ALYUS. ALYUS occurs phenotypically in the presence of at least two pathogenic variants of the TAF6 gene in either homozygous or compound heterozygous state, regardless of the individual's sex. To date, seven patients from four families have been reported. To our knowledge, our proband is the first individual with ALYUS in Europe and in particular in Bulgaria. Clarification of our patient's genetic diagnosis provided precise genetic counseling for the family, allowed doctors to take appropriate measures for the proband's treatment, and gave options for disease prevention in the future offspring.
Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential in a patient with chronic pyelonephritis and end-stage renal disease: A rare case report
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Nijhawan Vijay Shrawan , Kediya Ayushi , Dhawan Vishesh , Singhal Sahil , Joshi Ashmita
Published: August 2023

Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCNLMP) is a rare subtype of clear cell carcinoma having an excellent prognosis. These tumors exhibit distinct morphology and consist of multiple cysts separated by thin septa lined by clear cells with no expansile growth. These cysts, though rare in a setting of chronic pyelonephritis and end-stage renal disease, are usually diagnosed on radiography using the Bosniak classification. But in certain situations where cysts are not visible radiologically, a final diagnosis is made with the help of histopathology and immuno- histochemistry only. We, hereby, report such a rare incidental case of MCNLMP diagnosed on histopathology in a nephrectomy specimen of an elderly male with chronic pyelonephritis and end-stage renal disease.
Micro-neurorrhaphy In peripheral Nerve injuries
Authors: Tripathi Prof. F.M. , Kesari Dr. R.S. , Rai Dr. A.K. , Prakash Dr. U. , Mishra Prof. S.
Published: August 2023

Results of Repair under magnification, of 30 cases of peripheral nerve injuries of different nerves at different site, are presented. Success rate of the repair depends upon the meticulous care taken during surgery.