bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Changes in Counselor Trainees' Multicultural Competence Related to Service Learning
Authors: Lee Debbiesiu L. , Rosen Adam D. , McWhirter J. Jeffries
Published: January 2014

This mixed methods study examined changes in self‐reported multicultural competence and distress reactions of 32 counselor trainees engaged in service learning. Whereas 3 trainees significantly increased in self‐reported multicultural competence, 5 significantly decreased. Trainees who significantly increased in multicultural competence reported less distress; those who significantly decreased reported greater distress. However, changes in multicultural competence appeared to be unrelated to themes uncovered in the qualitative data. Implications for training and practice are discussed.

Este estudio de métodos mixtos examinó los cambios en competencia cultural y reacciones de aflicción reportados por 32 consejeros en formación que realizaban prácticas para su aprendizaje. A pesar de que 3 consejeros en formación comunicaron un aumento significativo de su competencia cultural, 5 de ellos reportaron una disminución significativa. Los consejeros en formación que aumentaron considerablemente su competencia cultural reportaron un nivel menor de aflicción; aquellos que disminuyeron considerablemente reportaron mayor aflicción. Sin embargo, los cambios en la competencia cultural no tenían relación aparente con los temas desvelados en los datos cualitativos. Se discuten las implicaciones para la formación y prácticas.
Theoretical investigation and computational evaluation of overtone and combination features in resonance Raman spectra of polyenes and carotenoids
Authors: Tommasini Matteo , Longhi Giovanna , Abbate Sergio , Zerbi Giuseppe
Published: January 2014

We review the theory for overtones and combinations in resonant Raman spectroscopy introduced by Nafie, Stein and Peticolas in 1971 on the basis of time‐ordered diagrams, and we apply it to β‐carotene with the support of density functional theory calculations. Comparison with experimental results obtained by Tasumi's group in 1994 is provided. The theory here presented allows a prompt evaluation of resonant Raman intensities with presently available quantum chemistry tools. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical elucidation of the origin of surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of PCB52 adsorbed on silver substrates
Authors: Pan Wen‐Xiao , Lai Yong‐Chao , Wang Ruo‐Xi , Zhang Dong‐Ju , Zhan Jin‐Hua
Published: January 2014

To better understand experimentally observed surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) adsorbed on nanoscaled silver substrates, a systematic theoretical study was performed by carrying out density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. 2,2′,5,5′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) was chosen as a model molecule of PCBs, and Agn (n = 2, 4, 6, and 10) clusters were used to mimic active sites of substrates. Calculated normal Raman spectra of PCB52–Agn (n = 2, 4, 6, and 10) complexes are analogical in profile to that of isolated PCB52 with only slightly enhanced intensity. In contrast, the corresponding SERS spectra calculated at adopted incident light are strongly enhanced, and the calculated enhancement factors are 104 ~ 105. Thus, the experimentally observed SERS phenomenon of PCBs supported on Ag substrates should correspond to the SERS spectra rather than the normal Raman spectra. The dominant enhancement in Raman intensities origins from the charge transfer resonance enhancement between the molecule and clusters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparing L‐α‐Glycerophosphocholine in a Phase‐Transfer Catalytic Reaction: Kinetic Study
Authors: Li Hong‐Ya , Zhang Xiao‐Li , Zhang Jie‐Bing , Zhang Tian‐Tian , Zhao Bin‐Xia
Published: January 2014

The transesterification of phosphatidylcholine with methanol was successfully carried out using a promising solvent methyl tert‐butyl ether instead of traditional ether, and the reaction was dramatically enhanced in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as the phase‐transfer catalyst. Kinetics of the reaction including the effects of the reaction conditions on the conversion of phosphatidylcholine and the apparent rate constant (kapp) were investigated in detail. On the basis of the experimental evidence, the transesterification mechanism was proposed and a kinetic model was developed, and the experimental data were well described by the pseudo–first‐order equation.
Mandibular osteotomy for expanded transoral robotic surgery: A novel technique
Authors: Iloreta Alfred Marc C. , Anderson Katie , Miles Brett A.
Published: January 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) has revolutionized the surgical treatment of malignant lesions of the oropharyngeal region. Recent studies have shown that this approach is a very safe procedure and can provide favorable clinical and functional outcomes with respect to traditional approaches. However, a small minority of patients who present with lesions amenable to TORS resection may not be candidates due to anatomical access issues. Anatomic features such as a retrognathic mandible, macroglossia, trismus, dentition, and small oral aperture limit the ability to perform TORS with current technology. We propose a modified TORS approach in which transoral mandibular osteotomies are performed that can greatly improve exposure to oropharyngeal subsites and expand access to the larynx in selected patients.

Study Design

Five experimental procedures were performed on five cadavers.

Methods

Five cadavers were obtained for the investigation. Measurements including retractor opening, lateral cephalography, acoustic pharyngometry, and high‐resolution photographs were taken prior to mandibular osteotomies and then repeated following the osteotomies.

Results

An increase in retractor opening, transoral exposure, and oral cavity was observed in all specimens.

Conclusions

Mandibular osteotomies increase exposure to oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions in the setting of TORS.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 124:1836–1842, 2014
HFE p.C282Y heterozygosity is associated with earlier disease onset in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Delatycki Martin B. , Tai Geneieve , Corben Louise , Yiu Eppie M. , Evans‐Galea Marguerite V. , Stephenson Sarah E.M. , Gurrin Lyle , Allen Katrina J. , Lynch David , Lockhart Paul J.
Published: January 2014

Background

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) generally results from reduced frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron metabolism. We assessed whether HFE p.C282Y and/or p.H63D heterozygosity modifies age at disease onset or disease severity in individuals with FRDA.

Methods

One hundred seventy individuals with FRDA were assessed for the association of HFE p.C282Y and p.H63D with (1) age at disease onset and (2) Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS) score.

Results

After adjusting for the smaller FXN GAA repeat size and sex, individuals with FRDA and heterozygous for p.C282Y had disease onset on average 3.72 years earlier than those homozygous for the wild‐type amino acid (P = 0.02). Neither mutation affected disease severity as measured by FARS.

Conclusions

It is hypothesized that the association between p.C282Y heterozygosity and an earlier age at FRDA onset relates to exacerbation of the already dysregulated iron metabolism that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of FRDA. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Maximizing T2‐exchange in Dy3+DOTA‐(amide)X chelates: Fine‐tuning the water molecule exchange rate for enhanced T2 contrast in MRI
Authors: Soesbe Todd C. , Ratnakar S. James , Milne Mark , Zhang Shanrong , Do Quyen N. , Kovacs Zoltan , Sherry A. Dean
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The water molecule exchange rates in a series of DyDOTA‐(amide)X chelates were fine‐tuned to maximize the effects of T2‐exchange line broadening and improve T2 contrast.

Methods

Four DyDOTA‐(amide)X chelates having a variable number of glycinate side‐arms were prepared and characterized as T2‐exchange agents. The nonexchanging DyTETA chelate was also used to measure the bulk water T2 reduction due solely to T2*. The total transverse relaxivity (r2tot) at 22, 37, and 52°C for each chelate was measured in vitro at 9.4 Tesla (400 MHz) by fitting plots of total T2−1 versus concentration. The water molecule exchange rates for each complex were measured by fitting 17O line‐width versus temperature data taken at 9.4 Tesla (54.3 MHz).

Results

The measured transverse relaxivities due to water molecule exchange (r2ex) and bound water lifetimes (τM) were in excellent agreement with Swift‐Connick theory, with DyDOTA‐(gly)3 giving the largest r2ex = 11.8 s−1 mM−1 at 37°C.

Conclusion

By fine‐tuning the water molecule exchange rate at 37°C, the transverse relaxivity has been increased by 2 to 30 times compared with previously studied Dy3+‐based chelates. Polymerization or dendrimerization of the optimal chelate could yield a highly sensitive, molecule‐sized T2 contrast agent for improved molecular imaging applications. Magn Reson Med 71:1179–1185, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of recombinant human MG53 protein on tourniquet‐induced ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rat muscle
Authors: Corona Benjamin T. , Garg Koyal , Roe Janet L. , Zhu Hua , Park Ki Ho , Ma Jianjie , Walters Thomas J.
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Skeletal muscle ischemia–reperfusion injury (I‐R) is a complex injury process that includes damage to the sarcolemmal membrane, contributing to necrosis and apoptosis. MG53, a muscle‐specific TRIM family protein, has been shown to be essential for regulating membrane repair and has been shown to be protective against cardiac I‐R and various forms of skeletal muscle injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) administration offered protection against I‐R. Methods: rhMG53 was administered to rats immediately before tourniquet‐induced ischemia and again immediately before reperfusion. Two days later muscle damage was assessed histologically. Results: rhMG53 offered no protective effect, as evidenced primarily by similar Evans blue dye inclusion in the muscles of rats administered rhMG53 or saline. Conclusions: Administration of rhMG53 does not offer protection against I‐R in rat skeletal muscle. Additional studies are required to determine if the lack of a response is species‐specific. Muscle Nerve 49: 919–921, 2014
Osteometric Analysis of South American Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens) Pups From Patagonia. An Assessment of Their Use as Indicators for Seasonality in Archaeological Sites
Authors: Borella F. , L'heureux G. L. , Grandi M. F.
Published: January 2014

Zooarchaeological analyses of pinniped remains have been scarce in South America because of lack of specific studies of species determination and estimation of age and sex. Nonetheless, the presence of small and unfused bones (assigned as pup remains) of Otaria flavescens (O. flavescens) in the Patagonian archaeological record has been frequently used as an indicator of summer occupation accomplished by ecological analogues. For this reason, we carried out a postcranial skeletons osteometric study of modern pups of South American sea lions (O. flavescens) with known sex and aged 0–12 months, allowing a more precise age estimation of archaeological samples. Then, we revisited the evidence for seasonality in the Cabo Virgenes 6 site at Cabo Virgenes locality, one of the archaeological localities in Patagonia where the seasonality has been determined only on the basis of the presence of unfused pup bones. Our metric data study on a modern sample shows that the regression analyses generated a complementary and dependable age estimation model for unfused appendicular bones of O. flavescens between 0 and 12 months old that can be applied to samples recovered from archaeological sites. These osteometric studies of postcranial elements allow us to adjust the age estimation of the animal's death and re‐examine seasonality of the Cabo Virgenes 6 site (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural Effects on Phenetic Distances Among Postclassic Mexican and Southwest United States Populations
Authors: Ragsdale C. S. , Edgar H. J. H.
Published: January 2014

The Southwest United States (US) and Mesoamerica are often thought of as disparate regional networks separated by Northern Mexico. Chaco Canyon in the Southwest US, Tlatelolco in Central Mexico and Casas Grandes in Northern Mexico, all had large inter‐regional trade centres that economically connected these networks. This study investigated how factors such as geographic distance, shared migration history, trade and political interaction affected biological relationships and population affinities among sites in Mexico and in Southwest US during the Postclassic period (ad 900 ~ 1520). Distances based on cultural and geographic variables derived from archaeological and ethnohistoric data were compared with phenetic distances obtained from dental morphological traits. The results of Mantel tests show trade (corr = 0.441, p = 0.005), shared migration history (corr = 0.496, p = 0.004) and geographic distance (corr = 0.304, p = 0.02) are significantly correlated with phenetic distances, whereas political interaction (corr = 0.157, p = 0.133) is not. Partial Mantel tests show trade (corr = 0.223, p = 0.049) and shared migration history (corr = 0.493, p = 0.003) remain significant when controlling for similarities with geographic distance, although the correlation for trade and phenetic distance is lowered. Geographic distance is not significant when similarities with trade (corr = 0.067, p = 0.681) and shared migration history (corr = 0.148, p = 0.127) are controlled. These results highlight the importance of economic relationships and shared migration history across geographic regions in interpreting biological relationships among contemporaneous populations in prehistoric Mexico and the Southwest US. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feynmans Idee wird Realität
Authors: Windpassinger Patrick
Published: January 2014

Quantensimulatoren sind Quantencomputer für spezielle Fragestellungen. An der Berechnung hochkorrelierter Vielteilchensysteme zum Beispiel scheitern konventionelle Computer. Quantensimulatoren stellen solche komplexen Quantensysteme, zum Beispiel aus der Festkörperphysik, mit einem sehr gut kontrollierbaren Modellsystem nach. Mit ultrakalten Gasen in optischen Fallen als Modellsysteme wurden in den vergangenen Jahren faszinierende Ergebnisse erzielt. Drei vorgestellte Beispiele zeigen dies. Das erste Beispiel ist der Übergang von einem delokalisierten Suprafluid in einen Mott‐Isolator aus fest lokalisierten Teilchen. Das zweite Beispiel sind frustrierte Spinsysteme, zum Beispiel auf Dreiecksgittern. Und das dritte Beispiel ist die Simulation des Phasenübergangs zwischen Bose‐Einstein‐kondensierten Molekülen und suprafluiden Cooper‐Paaren.
Materie am Limit
Authors: Hempel Matthias
Published: January 2014

Die Struktur von Neutronensternen ist durch die sogenannte Zustandsgleichung festgelegt. Ihr Inneres kann grob in vier Zonen unterteilt werden: Die äußere und innere Kruste, der äußere und innere Kern, in dem exotische Formen von Materie auftauchen können. Der Kern des Neutronensterns macht dabei den größten Anteil seiner Gesamtmasse und ‐größe aus. Die jüngsten astrophysikalischen Entdeckungen zweier äußerst massereicher Neutronensterne haben entscheidend dazu beigetragen, die Eigenschaften von Materie bei hohen Dichten festzulegen. Des Weiteren setzen diese Entdeckungen eine obere Grenze für die maximale Dichte, die im Zentrum von Neutronensternen erreicht werden kann.
“Particles” simuliert ein ideales Gas
Authors: Burde Jan‐Philipp , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen , Lück Stephan
Published: January 2014

Mit der kostenfreien Android‐App “Particle Physics Simulator” lassen sich schnell und unkompliziert verschiedene Phänomene von Gasen im Teilchenmodell simulieren. Dabei bietet die App verschiedene Einstellmöglichkeiten und eignet sich beispielsweise zur Veranschaulichung der Brownschen Molekularbewegung oder des Ausgleichsbestrebens von Gasen.
Auch Talent fürs Schreiben
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: January 2014

Er stammte vom Lande: Bauern, Steinmetze und auch mal ein Dorfsheriff finden sich unter seinen Vorfahren. Es ist ein hartes Leben, das sie führen: Der Vater stirbt mit 41, ein Großteil der Geschwister des Gesuchten wird schon in der Kindheit von Krankheiten dahingerafft. Nur ein Bruder überlebt. Er selbst arbeitet sich nach oben.
Negative Masse bringt Lichtpulse in Fahrt
Authors: Regensburger Alois , Wimmer Martin , Bersch Christoph , Peschel Ulf
Published: January 2014

Zu jeder Kraft, die zwei Körper aufeinander ausüben, gibt es laut dem dritten Newtonschen Axiom eine Gegenkraft, die in umgekehrter Richtung wirkt. Daher werden zwei wechselwirkende Körper stets aufeinander zu oder voneinander weg beschleunigt, ihr gemeinsamer Schwerpunkt bewegt sich aber mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit. Wenn aber einer der Körper eine negative Masse besitzt, dann wirken die induzierten Beschleunigungen in dieselbe Richtung: Das Gesamtsystem wird immer schneller. Unsere Arbeitsgruppe an der Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg hat diese Situation in einem optischen Fasernetzwerk nachgebildet, in dem sich zwei Lichtpulse mit positiver und negativer effektiver Masse gegenseitig in die gleiche Richtung beschleunigen.
Haftung bewahren
Authors: Heepe Lars , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: January 2014

Haftung ist ein bedeutender Effekt sowohl in Technik und Alltag wie auch in der Natur. Ein interdisziplinäres Forscherteam der Universität Kiel hat herausgefunden, dass das Geheimnis, der in der Natur weit verbreiteten discoidalen Geometrie der Haftorgane, in einer gleichmäßigen mechanischen Spannungsverteilung zwischen Oberfläche und Haftelement liegt.
Doppelspalt‐Interferenz an Molekülen
Authors: Schmidt Lothar Ph. H. , Dörner Reinhard
Published: January 2014

Physiker der Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt haben ein Gedankenexperiment realisiert, über das Bohr und Einstein in ihrer Debatte über die Quantenphysik gestritten haben. Hierfür schossen sie Heliumatome auf Wasserstoffmoleküle, die die Funktion von Doppelspalten übernahmen. Der Spaltabstand entsprach der Größe des Moleküls. Das Experiment bestätigt Bohrs Interpretation.
Growth responses to irradiance regime along an ecological gradient of Quercuscastaneifolia seedlings of different provenance
Authors: Babaei Soustani Fariba , Jalali Seyed Gholamali , Sohrabi Hormoz , Shirvany Anoshirvan
Published: January 2014

Understory light is known as one of the most important environmental predictors of growth response of woody species. Hence, the primary objective of most forest management practices is optimizing that resource for understory seedlings. In this study, growth responses of Quercus castaneifolia seedlings from five different provenances from west to east of the Hyrcanian forest were investigated along their ecological gradients (from high to low precipitation). An experimental design was executed under controlled conditions at eight different irradiance levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 100 % full irradiance). Results showed that the irradiance is probably the most important determinant of variation in seedling characteristics. Among all investigated variables, variability in seedling size was affected significantly by provenance, while seedling morphology and their architectural response was affected by different levels of irradiance in a curvilinear manner. The biggest changes were observed at lowest irradiance levels (10–20 %) while at higher irradiance (70–100 %) the curves flatten. It was shown that, unlike at low irradiance levels, there is little capacity in seedling morphology to acclimatize with high irradiance intensity. Attaining maximal biomass varies across provenances and irradiance gradient. The highest biomass for the five provenances could be ranked as follows: 20–60 % and 50–60 % for the wetter and drier provenances, respectively. These results demonstrated that the light requirement increases from wetter to drier provenances, with a negative relationship between light requirement and precipitation regime. Different responses to irradiance levels may be the result of genetic adaptation to the ecological conditions prevailing in native habitat, especially precipitation regime.
Combination of Urea Complexation and Molecular Distillation to Purify DHA and EPA from Sardine Oil Ethyl Esters
Authors: Lin W. , Wu F. W. , Yue L. , Du Q. G. , Tian L. , Wang Z. X.
Published: January 2014

Urea complexation (UC) and the molecular distillation (MD) technique were applied jointly to purify eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from sardine oil ethyl esters (SOEE). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to measure the influences of the variables to the responses and the optimal conditions. Regression analysis and variance analysis of the models demonstrated that each multinomial correctly represented the relationships between the responses and the variables. The urea‐to‐SOEE ratio was much more significant than crystallization temperature in UC, and the quadratic term of rotation speed of swept‐surface scrapers was the most significant variable in MD. Optimal UC conditions were 1.9:1 urea‐to‐SOEE ratio and −1 °C crystallization temperature at which the purity and total recovery of EPA and DHA were 65.6 % and 46.8 %, respectively. The best conditions predicted for MD were 75 °C distillation temperature, 54.8 °C preheat temperature, 4.5 °C condensation temperature, and 307 rpm rotation speed at which the purity of EPA and DHA was 83.5 %. The predicted values were verified to be reasonably close to the experimentally observed values.
Nicotine and endometrial decidual growth in pseudopregnant rats
Authors: Siti Norashikin M. T. , Ghosh S. , Chatterjee R. , Rajikin M. H. , Chatterjee A.
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The present study aims to investigate the effects of nicotine on the endometrial decidual growth and levels of estrogen and progesterone in pseudopregnant rats.

Methods

Pseudopregnancy (pc) was induced in cyclic Sprague‐Dawley rats by sterile mating. Subcutaneous injection of nicotine tartrate (7.5 mg/kg/day) was scheduled from day 1 through day 5, day 5 through day 9 or day 1 through day 9 of pc. In another group of pseudopregnant rats, concomitant treatment of nicotine tartrate concurrently with progesterone (2 mg/day) was scheduled from day 1 through day 9 pc. Control groups received subcutaneous injections of vehicle only. Endometrial decidualization was induced on day 5 pc. On day 10 pc, animals were sacrificed.The degree of decidual growth and circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone were measured.

Results

The decidual growth in all the first three nicotine‐treated groups of animals was significantly reduced, particularly in the animals treated with nicotine from day 1 through day 9 pc. Plasma estrogen levels were significantly elevated in animals treated with nicotine from day 1 through day 9 pc. Conversely, levels of plasma progesterone were found to be significantly attenuated in the same group of nicotine‐treated animals compared to controls. Exogenous replacement of progesterone, however, caused a higher degree of endometrial decidualization compared to the nicotine‐treated group but it was slightly less than when compared to control.

Conclusions

In conclusion, nicotine‐induced progesterone deficiency with a corresponding elevation of estrogen may possibly attenuate the degree of endometrial decidualization in pseudopregnant rats.
Magnesium sulfate‐induced blocked premature atrial contractions resulting in fetal bradyarrhythmia
Authors: Miyoshi Takekazu , Shimizu Wataru , Noda Takashi , Kobayashi Yoshinari , Kamiya Chizuko A. , Yamanaka Kaoru , Neki Reiko , Yoshimatsu Jun , Kamakura Shiro
Published: January 2014

Here, we present a rare case of fetal bradyarrhythmia following magnesium sulfate therapy for preterm labor. After we switched treatment from ritodrine hydrochloride to magnesium sulfate at 25 weeks' gestation, the fetal heart rate dropped from 150 bpm to 80–100 bpm. Fetal echocardiography and magnetocardiography indicated bigeminy and trigeminy of blocked premature atrial contractions. It is well known that magnesium sulfate decreases the baseline and variability of fetal heart rate. Studies have reported a substantial decrease of 2–15 bpm in the baseline fetal heart rate, and magnesium has various effects on fetal heart rate patterns with a lower baseline fetal heart rate within the normal range of 110–160 bpm. This is the first report of magnesium sulfate‐induced fetal bradyarrhythmia by prolongation of the refractory period of the atrioventricular node in the case of blocked premature atrial contractions. Clinicians should consider fetal bradyarrhythmia when the baseline fetal heart rate drops to <100 bpm after magnesium sulfate administration.
Fostering Preservice Teachers’ Sense of Historical Agency through the use of Nonfiction Graphic Novels
Authors: Clark J. Spencer , Camicia Steven P.
Published: January 2014

This article discusses a case study that explored the potential of nonfiction graphic novels to develop pre-service teachers’ understanding of agency in a social studies methods course. White pre-service teachers were aske'd to read one graphic novel and then add frames, re-narrate frames, and reflect on their decisions. The positionalities of researchers, who are White males, and participants were part of our analysis. The researchers found that pre-service teachers made revisions to the graphic novels to change the historical actors’ decisions: within the constraints of the historical situation's circumstances; to better fit their own ethical framework; and to critique the author's interpretation of the historical event and the amount of agency assigned to certain historical actors. We also reported findings related to shifts in understanding related to positionality. The pre-service teachers’ revisions demonstrated their understanding of historical actors’ ability to make choices; however, for most pre-service teachers those decisions were limited by, and insignificant in comparison to, the constraints of societal structures. Most pre-service teachers viewed these structures as operating outside of the realm of ethics that they used to articulate and identify agency, and thus, these structures were not responsive to changes in individual or collective agency. Implications are provided for social studies teacher educators.
Towards individualized cancer therapy: Challenges and prospects
Authors: Hutchinson Ezzie
Published: January 2014

At the 17th International Symposium in the annual series of prestigious meetings organized by the Fritz Bender Foundation, 07–09 November 2013, researchers, clinicians and students gathered to discuss and exchange knowledge on individualized cancer therapies. Co‐organized and hosted by the Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, the sessions covered genetic profiling of patients, tumor characterization, tumor–host relationships and therapeutic targets, with talks from many international experts in the field. The presentations summarized in this report illustrate the current status of our knowledge and the future directions for cancer research in these broad topic areas.
Arbeitsunsicherheit und Gesundheit
Authors: Barrech Amira , Glaser Jürgen , Gündel Harald
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Strukturelle Umwälzungen und Wirtschaftskrisen haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer globalen Zunahme von Arbeitsunsicherheit geführt (OECD, 1997; Eurofound, 2012). Diese gilt als arbeitsbedingter Stressor und wird mit psychischen, wie auch somatischen Beeinträchtigungen der Gesundheit in Verbindung gebracht (Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt, 2010). Untersuchungen zur Prävention gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigungen fehlen gerade im betrieblichen Kontext bislang weitestgehend. In Anbetracht der individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Implikationen ist die Erprobung von geeigneten Interventionen geboten.
Direktausbildung: Der Psychotherapeut als Scientist-Practitioner Bologna, Staatsexamen, Approbation und sozialrechtliche Zulassung
Authors: Hillecke Thomas , Sosnowsky-Waschek Nadia , Zimber Andreas , Dimou-Diringer Helena , Diener Carsten , Wilker Friedrich-Wilhelm
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Zur geplanten Reform des Psychotherapeutengesetzes wurde eine Direktausbildung zum Psychotherapeuten in die öffentliche Diskussion gebracht. Das hier vorgeschlagene Modell ist vom Bachelorstudium bis zur Approbation und sozialrechtlichen Zulassung konzipiert.
Examining the Feasibility of Radiofrequency Treatment for Chronic Knee Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Protzman Nicole M. , Gyi Jennifer , Malhotra Amit D. , Kooch Jason E.
Published: January 2014

Recently, investigators began using radiofrequency to manage knee osteoarthritis pain in patients at high risk who cannot undergo surgical intervention. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the use of radiofrequency ablation of the genicular nerves to alleviate chronic knee pain after total knee replacement. A single case is presented here in which genicular nerve ablation successfully improved pain and restored function. We believe that these preliminary results could be used in the development of future prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that focus on the use of radiofrequency ablation to treat persistent knee pain after total knee replacement.
FIM Motor Scores for Classifying Community Discharge After Inpatient Rehabilitation for Hip Fracture
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yi , Graham James E. , Karmarkar Amol M. , Reistetter Timothy A. , Protas Elizabeth J. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J.
Published: January 2014

Objective

To assess the utility of functional status in classifying patients by discharge setting after inpatient rehabilitation for hip fracture.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A total of 1257 inpatient rehabilitation facilities in the United States.

Patients

Medicare beneficiaries (N = 117,168) receiving inpatient rehabilitation for hip fracture from 2007 to 2009.

Methods

Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to assess the overall discriminatory ability of functional status scores (Functional Independence Measure [FIM] total, FIM cognition, and FIM motor) and to identify the functioning threshold that best differentiates patients by discharge setting.

Main Outcome Measurements

Discharge setting (community versus institutional).

Results

Approximately 68% of patients were discharged to the community after inpatient rehabilitation for hip fracture. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicate that discharge FIM motor ratings (area under the curve: 0.84) alone are as effective as a multivariable model (area under the curve: 0.85), including sociodemographic and clinical factors, in discriminating patients discharged to the community from those discharged to an institution. A discharge FIM motor rating of 58 yielded the best balance in sensitivity and specificity for classifying patients by discharge setting.

Conclusions

Discharge FIM motor ratings demonstrated good discriminatory ability for classifying discharge setting. An FIM motor rating of 58 may serve as a clinical tool to guide treatment plans and/or as additional information in complex discharge planning decisions for patients with hip fracture.
Frequency and Reasons for Return to the Primary Acute Care Service Among Patients With Lymphoma Undergoing Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Fu Jack B. , Lee Jay , Smith Dennis W. , Shin Ki , Guo Ying , Bruera Eduardo
Published: January 2014

Objective

To assess the frequency and risk factors for return to the primary acute care service among patients with lymphoma undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary referral‐based cancer center.

Patients

All patients with a history of lymphoma admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation between October 1, 2003, and January 30, 2013.

Main Outcome Measures

Items analyzed from patient records included return to the primary acute care service with demographic information, lymphoma characteristics, medications, hospital admission characteristics, and laboratory values.

Results

A total of 143 unique patient admissions were analyzed, and 54 of these 143 lymphoma inpatient rehabilitation admissions (38%) returned to the primary acute care service. However, 16 of 54 (30%) returned because they needed additional chemotherapy. Excluding patients who returned to the primary acute care service for chemotherapy, statistically significant or approaching statistically significant factors (P < .10) associated with return to the primary acute care service included a creatinine level ≥1.3 mg/dL (P = .0002), male gender (P = .001), history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P = .0355), and presence of an intravenous antifungal agent (P = .0717). Of the patients transferred back to the primary acute care service, 13 of 38 (34%) were discharged directly home, 10 of 38 (26%) died in the hospital, 7 of 38 (18%) were transferred to a subacute rehabilitation facility, and 4 of 38 (11%) were transferred to inpatient rehabilitation.

Conclusions

When excluding patients who returned for chemotherapy, patients with lymphoma who were male, had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and had a creatinine level ≥1.3 mg/dL demonstrated increased risk for return to the primary acute care service.
‘HOW I BECAME A COMPOSER’: AN INTERVIEW WITH VINKO GLOBOKAR
Authors: Goldman Jonathan
Published: January 2014

This article is an interview with the Franco-Slovenian composer, conductor and trombonist Vinko Globokar, translated, edited and introduced by the author. It offers an overview of Globokar's musical development and a consideration of his artistic position, which straddles the worlds of composition and improvisation. Globokar's music combines complex organisation with an interest in non-hierarchical and improvisatory elements. He has always refused to pit the avant-garde claims of contemporary music against those of free jazz, his music embracing aspects of both, as well as of traditional Balkan musics. His genre-defying approach remains better known in continental Europe than in the UK or North America, and the present text is a contribution to the limited bibliography on Globokar in English.
HETEROPHONIC TUNINGS IN THE MUSIC OF LARRY POLANSKY
Authors: Fiore Giacomo
Published: January 2014

This paper explores the use of heterophonic tunings, the gradual substitution of pitches from one harmonic series to another resulting in the simultaneous sounding of different and sometimes contrasting intonations, in the music of the American composer Larry Polansky. The discussion is contextualised by an exploration of the innovations in tuning practice in the work of an earlier generation of American composers. The ramifications of Polansky's compositional ideas in terms of notation and performability are examined with reference to several key works, notably for jim, ben and lou; freeHorn; and ii-v-i.
BBC Proms 2013: Gerald Barry, Peter Eötvös, Nishat Kahn, Frederic Rzewski and Mark Anthony Turnage
Authors: Lister John Rodney
Published: January 2014

Mark Anthony Turnage's Frieze – performed by the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain, conducted by Vasily Petrenko, on 11 August – and Nashit Kahn's The Gate of the Moon, a concerto for sitar and orchestra – performed by Kahn himself with the BBC National Orchestra of Wales, conducted by David Atherton on 12 August – both raise the question of how, in a new piece, one can meaningfully reference other music. Turnage's work was commissioned by the Royal Philharmonic Society to celebrate the organisation's bicentennial and to share a programme as their most famous and, probably, greatest commission, the Beethoven Ninth Symphony; this shorter work, which is clearly modelled on the Beethoven in its general layout, is a sort of gloss in Turnage's own language on the older one. Kahn's concerto brings together an orchestra of western instruments and a single Indian one and aims at joining their indigenous musical languages in a meaningful way.
BBC Proms 2013: David Matthews and Thomas Adès
Authors: Venn Edward
Published: January 2014

Robin Holloway's brief illustrative list of composers who populate the ‘continuing or reconstructed mainstream’ begins in Britain, with ‘Tippett and Britten, hence Maw and both Matthewses’ and ends with the broader international sweep of ‘Takemitsu, Knussen and Lieberson (stemming equally from serialism à la Berg and à la late Stravinsky); hence Lindberg, Benjamin, Turnage, Anderson, Adès and all’. Whilst these groupings, which position David Matthews and Thomas Adès towards opposing ends of the continuum, might be inadvertent, the premieres of their latest works, given over consecutive (and swelteringly hot) nights in July, would appear to strengthen such a polarity.
‘Bold Tendencies’: London Contemporary Music Festival, Peckham multi-storey car park, London, 25–28 July, 1–4 August 2013
Authors: Armstrong Newton
Published: January 2014

There is a certain audacity to four young curators adopting the title ‘London Contemporary Music Festival’ for their first large-scale collective venture. For a festival that deliberately sets out to sidestep the musical establishment, there's an aspect of calculated provocation in the appropriation of a title that would seem to be the preserve of that establishment. The gesture, however, goes some way further than staking a symbolic claim. At the same time as the curators (Aisha Orazbayeva, Sam Mackay, Igor Toronyi-Lalic and Lucy Railton, in collaboration with the commissioning body Bold Tendencies, based at the Peckham Multi-Storey Car Park) have effectively bypassed the establishment networks and funding structures, they have set out a clear alternative narrative about how contemporary music may yet be practised and understood.
Lexical and phonological variation in Russian prepositions
Authors: Linzen Tal , Kasyanenko Sofya , Gouskova Maria
Published: January 2014

Phonological rules can be variable in two ways: they can apply to a subset of the lexicon (lexical variation), or apply optionally, with a probability that depends on the phonological environment (stochastic variation). These two types of variation are occasionally seen as mutually exclusive. We show that the vowel–zero alternation in Russian prepositions ([s trudom] ‘with difficulty’vs. [sə stinoj] ‘with the wall’) exhibits both types of variation. In two corpus studies and a nonce-word experiment, we document novel stochastic factors that influence the alternation: similarity avoidance, stress position and sonority profile. These constraints interact additively, lending support to a weighted-constraints analysis. In addition to phonologically determined stochastic variation, we find significant lexical variation: phonologically similar nouns differ in the rate at which they condition the alternation in the prepositions. We analyse this pattern by augmenting the weighted-constraints approach with lexical scaling factors.
JURY NULLIFICATION AND THE RULE OF LAW
Authors: Fissell Brenner M.
Published: January 2014

Despite an intractable judiciary, there is widespread consensus within the legal academy that jury nullification is compatible with the rule of law. This proposition is most strongly tested by “substantive nullifications,” where a jury nullifies simply because it disagrees with the law itself. While some substantive nullifications can comport with the rule of law, most commentators’ wholesale acceptance of the practice is not justified. They err by ignoring the nonsubstantive, procedural nature of the rule of law in favor of one determined by substantive “justice,” and also by taking a naïvely undifferentiated view of a “community's” morality (even though jurisdictional and vicinage morality can diverge). In doing so, a healthy vision of antityrannical nullifications is presented, but this leaves out many problematic cases. Once these errors are rectified, a more nuanced picture emerges, and it becomes apparent that localism will often disrupt the congruence feature of the rule of law.
INTERSECTIONALITY UNDONE
Authors: Bilge Sirma
Published: January 2014

This article identifies a set of power relations within contemporary feminist academic debates on intersectionality that work to “depoliticizing intersectionality,” neutralizing the critical potential of intersectionality for social justice-oriented change. At a time when intersectionality has received unprecedented international acclaim within feminist academic circles, a specifically disciplinary academic feminism in tune with the neoliberal knowledge economy engages in argumentative practices that reframe and undermine it. This article analyzes several specific trends in debate that neutralize the political potential of intersectionality, such as confining intersectionality to an academic exercise of metatheoretical contemplation, as well as “whitening intersectionality” through claims that intersectionality is “the brainchild of feminism” and requires a reformulated “broader genealogy of intersectionality.”
HOW PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IMPEDES INTERSECTIONAL THINKING
Authors: Goff Phillip Atiba , Kahn Kimberly Barsamian
Published: January 2014

Psychological science that examines racial and gender bias, primarily located within social psychology, has tended to discount the ways in which race and gender mutually construct each other. Lay conceptions of racial and gender discrimination tend to see racism as primarily afflicting men and sexism primarily afflicting White women, when in fact race and gender are interrelated and work together intersectionally. Ignoring women's experiences of racial discrimination produces androcentric conceptions of racisms—in other words, many definitions of racial discrimination are to some degree sexist (Goff et al., 2008). Similarly, privileging the experiences of White women produces narrow definitions of gender discrimination—in other words, many definitions of gender discrimination are to some degree racist, such that they serve to reinforce the current societal hierarchies. Psychological science sometimes appears to reflect such conceptions. The result is that the social science principally responsible for explaining individual-level biases has developed a body of research that can undervalue the experiences of non-White women (Goff et al., 2008). This article examines features of social psychological science and its research processes to answer a question suggested by this framing: is the current psychological understanding of racism, to some extent, sexist and the understanding of sexism, to some extent, racist? We argue here that the instruments that much of social psychological science uses to measure racial and gender discrimination may play a role in producing inaccurate understandings of racial and gender discrimination. We also present original experimental data to suggest that lay conceptions parallel social psychology's biases: with lay persons also assuming that racism is about Black men and sexism is about White women.2 Finally, we provide some suggestions to increase the inclusivity of psychology's study of discrimination as well as reasons for optimism in this area.
Entwicklung und Validierung einer Skala zum sozialen Exhibitionismus im Internet (SEXI)
Authors: Vetter Max , Eib Constanze , Hill-Kloß Sonja , Wollscheid Philipp , Hagemann Dirk
Published: January 2014

Sozial exhibitionistisches Verhalten in virtuellen Umgebungen ist trotz seiner aktuell hohen gesellschaftlichen Relevanz bislang nur spärlich untersucht worden. So liegen zwar theoretische Arbeiten vor, die das Konstrukt konzeptuell einzugrenzen versuchen, ein empirischer Nachweis steht jedoch noch aus. Dies liegt nicht zuletzt auch am Fehlen eines adäquaten Diagnostikums. Um sozial exhibitionistisches Verhalten messbar zu machen, wurde ein 15-Item-Fragebogen entwickelt, dessen Ein-Faktoren-Struktur erwartungsgemäß bestätigt werden konnte; es wurde zusätzlich eine 8-Item Kurzversion entwickelt. Die Validierung erfolgte zunächst im Bereich der diskriminanten Validität durch Verortung des Konstrukts innerhalb verschiedener Persönlichkeitsmaße (Studie 1). Daraufhin wurde anhand einer ausführlichen Validierungsstudie die konvergente und diskriminante Validität überprüft und bestätigt (Studie 2) und die konstruierte Skala mittels Prototypenvergleich im Rahmen eines quasiexperimentellen Designs an einem Außenkriterium validiert (Studie 3). Somit liegt mit der Skala zum sozialen Exhibitionismus im Internet nun erstmals ein reliables und valides Instrument zur psychometrischen Messung exhibitionierten Verhaltens in virtuellen Umgebungen vor.
Electroanalysis of As(iii) at nanodendritic Pd on PEDOT
Authors: Dash Sthitaprajna , Munichandraiah N.
Published: January 2014

Nanodendritic Pd electrodeposited on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coated carbon paper electrodes is studied for electroanalysis of As(iii).
A copper(i)/copper(ii)–salen coordination polymer as a bimetallic catalyst for three-component Strecker reactions and degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Hou Yun-Long , Sun Raymond Wai-Yin , Zhou Xiao-Ping , Wang Jun-Hao , Li Dan
Published: January 2014

A copper(i)/copper(ii)–salen coordination polymer prepared by solvothermal reactions shows prominent bimetallic catalytic activities towards three-component Strecker reactions and photodegradation of organic dyes under visible-light illumination.
A mononuclear cobalt complex with an organic ligand acting as a precatalyst for efficient visible light-driven water oxidation
Authors: Fu Shao , Liu Yongdong , Ding Yong , Du Xiaoqiang , Song Fangyuan , Xiang Rui , Ma Baochun
Published: January 2014

A precatalyst N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminecobalt(ii) showed a TON of 854 and a TOFinitial of 6.4 s−1 for efficient visible light-driven water oxidation.
Energy transfer processes in dye-doped nanostructures yield cooperative and versatile fluorescent probes
Authors: Genovese Damiano , Rampazzo Enrico , Bonacchi Sara , Montalti Marco , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Prodi Luca
Published: January 2014

Cooperative behaviour in dye-doped nanostructures is obtained through fast energy transfer among dyes, yielding outstanding functionalities for new-generation luminescent probes.
Long lived BSA Au clusters as a time gated intensity imaging probe
Authors: Raut S. L. , Fudala R. , Rich R. , Kokate R. A. , Chib R. , Gryczynski Z. , Gryczynski I.
Published: January 2014

Fluorescence lifetime and time gated intensity images of BSA Au cluster treated cells and fluorescein was added as a high intensity artificial background.
Two-color SERS microscopy for protein co-localization in prostate tissue with primary antibody–protein A/G–gold nanocluster conjugates
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Schneider Lilli , Ströbel Philipp , Marx Alexander , Packeisen Jens , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: January 2014

Two-color immunohistochemistry based on SERS microscopy with primary antibody–protein A/G–gold nanocluster conjugates is demonstrated.
A DNA–Ag cluster as a sensor for BODIPY isomers and HepG-2 cells
Authors: Zhao Ting-Ting , Chen Qiu-Yun , Wang Pei-Dong , Chen Zhi-Peng
Published: January 2014

Near-infrared fluorescent DNA–AgNCs with a parallel homoduplex conformation can recognize one isomer of BODIPY based on the difference in energy transfer between the DNA–AgNCs and compounds conjugated system. A simple way to detect the change in hypoxia-inducible factor in cancer cells was also suggested.
Chemoenzymatic exchange of phosphopantetheine on protein and peptide
Authors: Kosa Nicolas M. , Pham Kevin M. , Burkart Michael D.
Published: January 2014

Evaluation of new acyl carrier protein hydrolase homologs from proteobacteria and cyanobacteria reveals significant variation in substrate selectivity and kinetics.