bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Church and American Catholics
Authors: Gillis Chester
Published: September 2019

This chapter shows that the Second Vatican Council called the whole church to engage the world in a spirit of joy and hope. The U.S. Catholic bishops—following an unprecedented process of consultation with other citizens—gradually adopted a prophetic stance as world citizens rather than imperial monarchs. In the 1980s, the U.S. bishops attracted global notice via their pastoral letters on nuclear weaponry and economic justice. There were no more bars to the church's wholehearted participation in the public arena, but the bishops' intended audience—especially including many Catholics—now ascribed an advisory role at best to these shepherds' teachings. Church leaders operated within a competitive marketplace of ideas—ideas warily assessed by consumers regardless of their source.
Integration and Development of Employability Skills into Malaysian Higher Education Context: Review of the Literature
Authors: Fahimirad Mehrnaz , Nair Pradeep Kumar , Kotamjani Sedigheh Shakib , Mahdinezhad Maryam , Feng Jia Bao
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on the role of employability skills or generic skills in designing, integrating, and assessing curriculum in Malaysian higher education context. This study addresses the issue and challenges of integrating generic skills or employability skills in higher education context. Then the research gap on the lack of integrating generic skills in Malaysian higher education system is highlighted and the past studies which addressed the issue of integrating and assessing generic skills in Malaysian universities are reviewed. The results revealed that some Malaysian universities attempted to integrate generic skills into their curriculum to increase the rate of employability; however, there is an ambiguity regarding the assessment of generic skills in the context of higher education. Further research needs be conducted to investigate the assessment of generic skills.
Interlocking Block Masonry (ISSB) for Sustainable Housing Purposes in Thailand, With Additional Examples From Cambodia and Nepal
Authors: Bredenoord Jan , Kokkamhaeng Wutinai , Janbunjong Pichit , Nualplod Ongarj , Thongnoy Suwatchai , Khongwong Wasana , Ngernchuklin Piyalak , Mahakhant Aparat
Published: September 2019

This paper is about Interlocking Stabilized Soil Blocks (ISSB) as developed in Thailand. ISSB are seen as an eco-friendly building material for home building and structures such as water tanks and sanitation facilities. For several decades the Thai R&D Institute TISTR has worked on developing and testing ISSB, which in other countries are called compressed stabilized earth blocks or CSEB. The composition of building blocks and the quality of building structures determine together the structural quality of the house or building. If there is a need for earthquake- and storm resistance, the building blocks and the structures must have specific features. Building stacked houses is an important issue given the growing scarcity of land for housing and the increasing land prices. ISSB is not only applied in Thailand, but also in Cambodia for low-cost housing and in Nepal for home reconstruction after the 2015 earthquake. ISSB or CSEB is also applied in other countries as an alternative building material and technology to replace the use of fired bricks and concrete building blocks for housing. Reducing the use of cement in the materials and structures is important for environmental reasons, but in ISSB/CSEB the use of cement as a stabilizer cannot always be avoided. This is surely the case in areas where earthquakes, heavy storms and floods can occur. Although this paper focuses mainly on technical aspects of sustainable housing and construction, there is also a focus on social sustainability, meaning a strong involvement of local communities in the production of sustainable building materials for walls, newly developed construction technologies, and mutual house and facility construction.
The Development of ICD Adaptations and Modifications as Background to a Potential Saudi Arabia's National Version
Authors: Alharbi Musaed Ali , Isouard Godfrey , Tolchard Barry
Published: September 2019

Modified national versions of the WHO’s International Statistical Classification of Diseases, current version ICD-10 with ICD-11 coming into effect in January 2022, have become the standard in many countries for diagnosis and procedure coding to facilitate the submission of medical billing and reimbursement by health insurers. The WHO ICD-10 exists purely as a coded classification of disease. It has no related classification of procedures and lacks the clinical level of diagnostic specificity necessary for the documentation of individual clinical cases and the associated prescribed therapies and interventions, particularly surgical cases. Historically, the US clinical modification of ICD-9, known as ICD-9-CM, established the trend. Australia adopted ICD-9-CM, later adapted it to Australian clinical specifications, and after the launch of the WHO ICD-10 produced the current Australian modification ICD-10-AM, used under license by many other countries. This paper examines a work in progress, rather than offering an academic critique, to illustrate the evolution of national clinical modications with particular reference to those of the United States, Australia and Thailand. The selection is based on the historical ICD-9-CM connection of the US and Australia, and the fact that Thailand is a more advanced developing nation like Saudi Arabia. The study parameters include the Saudi national healthcare system which has not previously employed a classification clinical coding, despite the wealthy developing healthcare system. Nations using their own modification face the burden of upgrading. Saudi Arabia plans to implement the national Australian modification, rather than creating a Saudi national modification.
Innenfra eller utenfra, faglig eller personlig? Perspektiver i religions- og livssynsundervisningen belyst ut fra internasjonal debatt
Authors: Eidhamar Levi Geir
Published: September 2019

Artikkelen drøfter to perspektivspenn knyttet til religions- og livssyns-undervisning: innenfra kontra utenfra og faglig kontra personlig. På bakgrunn av religionsvitenskapelige og religionsdidaktiske diskusjoner argumenteres det for et faglig perspektivmangfold i undervisningen. Det faglige innenfraperspektivet fremmer elevenes toleranse og kognitive empati med annerledes tenkende, samt at det gir mulighet for gjenkjennelse av eget livssyn. Det faglige utenfraperspektivet fremmer evnen til objektiv og kritisk vitenskapelig tenkning. Begge fremmer faglig innsikt. Selv om læreren kan være åpen om eget livssyn, skal dette ikke påvirke undervisningen. Elevenes individuelle livssynssammensetninger legger føringer for hvordan de fortolker lærestoffet. Dette vil igjen påvirke deres egen livssynsutvikling.Nøkkelord: Perspektiver i religions- og livssynsundervisning, emic, etic, insider, outsider, reduksjonisme, anti-reduksjonisme, KRLE, Religion og etikk.The article discusses two spans of perspectives regarding Religious Education: inside versus outside and academic versus personal. Diversity of academic perspectives within Religious Education is advocated based on discussions within Comparative Religion and Religious Education. The academic inside perspective promotes the pupils' tolerance and cognitive empathy with adherents of other world views, as well as providing opportunity of recognition of their own belief. The academic outside perspective promotes the ability of reflecting objectively and scientifically. Both promote academic insight. Although the teacher may self-disclose her own world view, it should not affect her teaching. The pupils' individual world views affect how they interpret the educational content. This will in turn affect the development of their own world views.Keywords: Perspectives in Religious Education, emic, etic, insider, outsider, reductionism, anti-reductionism.
Fragmentering og disharmoni, eller helse og livsmestring?
Authors: Helskog Guro Hansen
Published: September 2019

Folkehelse og livsmestring er innført som et nytt tverrfaglig emne i skolen. I dette essayet argumenteres det for at så lenge trekk ved eksisterende skolekultur fremmer det motsatte, er det ikke nok å innføre et nytt faglig emne. I essayet pekes det på enkelte slike trekk. Det argumenteres for at det må langt mer dyptgripende skolekulturelle endringer til dersom barn og unge skal få rom til å utvikle seg og dannes på måter som faktisk kan legge grunnlaget for god fysisk og psykisk helse og livsmestring, også i et livsløpsperspektiv. Nøkkelord: skole, livsmestring, folkehelse
«Jeg på min måte, og du på din». Den autonome fortelleren og den kompetente leseren i to nyere skandinaviske barnebibler
Authors: Ramsfjell Astri
Published: September 2019

Denne artikkelen er en presentasjon og en tekstanalyse av to nyere skandinaviske barnebibler, den norske skuespilleren og forfatteren Svein Tindbergs Bibelfortellinger for barn fra 2017 og den danske forfatteren Ida Jessens Bibelhistorier fra 2016. Den vekt-legger tekstens innskrevne leserinstans slik denne kommer til uttrykk i fortellingens plot og karakterer, hos Tindberg også i relasjonen mellom synlig forteller og adressat. Analysen søker særlig å vise hvordan bruken av synsvinkel og perspektiv som fortellertekniske grep kan ivareta en moderne barneleser forstått som et kompetent, selvstendig reflekterende individ. Religiøs erkjennelse er noe den innskrevne leseren tilbys i form av erfaring via de litterære karakterene, ikke i form av undervisning via en forteller.Nøkkelord: nyere skandinaviske barnebibler, barnebibelens implisitte leser, narrative strategier i barnebibler, perspektiv og synsvinkel i barnebibler, den kompetente barneleserenAbstractThis article is an introduction to and a textual analysis of two recent Scandinavian Children’s Bibles, Bibelfortellinger for barn (Children’s Bible Stories) by the Norwegian actor and writer Svein Tindberg (2017), and Bibelhistorier (Bible Stories) by the Danish author Ida Jessen (2016). It pays especial attention to the inscribed reader appearing in the narrative through its plot and characters, and also – when it comes to Tindberg – through the relation between a narrator and an addressee, both of them visually present in the text. My principal intention is to demonstrate how the special use of perspective and point of view as narrative strategies in each of both fictions may correspond to a modern child reader who is expected to be a competent and independently reflecting individual. Religious understanding is offered the inscribed reader in the shape of experience via the literary characters, not by means of a narrator’s education.Keywords: recent Scandinavian Children’s Bibles, narrative strategies in Children’s Bibles, the implied reader in Children’s Bibles, perspective and point of view in Children’s Bibles, the competent Child reader
Can an Algorithm Be Disturbed?
Authors: Dobson James E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter positions the use of machine learning within the digital humanities as part of a wider movement that nostalgically seeks to return literary criticism to the structuralist era, to a moment characterized by belief in systems, structure, and the transparency of language. While digital methods enable one to examine radically larger archives than those assembled in the past, a transformation that Matthew Jockers characterizes as a shift from micro to macroanalysis, the fundamental assumptions about texts and meaning implicit in these tools and in the criticism resulting from the use of these tools belong to a much earlier period of literary analysis. The author argues that the use of imported tools and procedures within literary and cultural criticism on the part of some digital humanists in the present is an attempt to separate methodology from interpretation. In the process, these critics have deemphasized the degree to which methodology participates in interpretation. The chapter closes by way of a return to the deconstructive critique of structuralism in order to highlight the ways in which numerous interpretive decisions are suppressed in the selection, encoding, and preprocessing of digitized textual sources for text mining and machine learning analysis.
Digital Historicism and the Historicity of Digital Texts
Authors: Dobson James E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter takes up several important theoretical problems and complexities introduced by text mining and datafication to historiography and historical research in order to think about the problems and promises of a digital historicism. The chapter argues for an approach that takes the historicity of the digitized archive seriously without reducing the use of computational methods to either those framed strictly by the terms and language of the present or to a form of rigid historicism that would require enclosing the archive in synchronically constructed interpretive framework. Many of the approaches used within text mining deploy secondary archives—dictionaries, thesauruses, and other forms of human-constructed schemata—that have tended to capture categories used in the present. The chapter concludes by examining the methods and practice of extracting and analyzing emotional or affective content in texts through what is called sentiment mining. Functioning as a case study, sentiment mining demonstrates the need for quantitative and computational humanists to give more attention to the historical dimensions of both text and affect, to both primary and secondary digital sources.
Disrupting Kinship
Authors: McKee Kimberly D.
Published: September 2019

Interacting with Cold War ideology, individuals’ Christian Americanism supported the notion that Korean adoptees would enter “good homes” in a democratic society. Many children felt the brunt of this rhetoric as they were told adoption was in their “best interests” and that if not adoption, they would have fallen through the cracks of economic poverty and degradation in the land of their birth. In doing so, rhetorics of gratitude became cemented in international adoption discourse. This book exposes the growth of the transnational adoption industrial complex (TAIC)—the neo-colonial, multi-million dollar global industry that commodifies children’s bodies—in an examination of South Korean adoptions to the United States. The TAIC accounts for how the South Korean social welfare state, orphanages, adoption agencies, and American immigration legislation facilitated the development of transnational adoption between the two countries. Adoption became a rote process whereby government and non-governmental organizations and actors easily facilitated the exchange of children. Yet, the activism of adoptees and their allies expose the inherent messiness of adoption and reveal that adoption cannot be discussed in black and white terms. Using archival research, media texts, and oral histories, this monograph elucidates greater understanding concerning how the TAIC impacts the lived experiences of adoptees and their families. Notions of adoptees as perpetual children are disabused as I examine adoptees’ efforts to reshape adoption discourse to recognize the inherent rights of birth parents and adoptees. In adulthood, adoptees construct a new type of public personhood, one defined by their autonomy and agency. Cold War, Christian Americanism, Korean adoption, adoption, South Korea, gratitude, industrial complex, orphans, immigration, family, kinship
Women Performers and World Religions
Authors: Weiss Sarah
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes the two approaches to comparison taken in the book. One involves documenting and comparing the practice of lamentation and mockery in prenuptial events in many different cultures across several religions; the other explores the ways in which women actively exploit the ambiguity generated by performance in ritual contexts to express their opinions or do something they would not normally be allowed to do. The chapter draws on the work of Tomoko Masuzawa and Catherine Bell in the examination of the ideas of world religion and ritual. The book’s meta-ethnographic approach is illustrated through the analysis of the Dormition Pilgrimage in Jerusalem while the localizing effect of women’s practices is demonstrated through an analysis of the rise of feminist Christian theology.
Demeter’s Lamentation and Baubo’s Mockery
Authors: Weiss Sarah
Published: September 2019

The chapter serves as an interlude between two comparative chapters on wedding lamentation and wedding mockery. It presents an analysis of the myth of Demeter and Persephone, exploring the function of lamentation and mockery as responses to the marriage event in an epic tale that recounts the abduction-marriage of Persephone by Hades and Demeter’s search for her abducted daughter. The chapter argues that lamentation and mockery are common responses, by the disempowered, to the simultaneous destruction and creation of social bonds and forms of community that occur during marriage.
“Distant Ties”
Authors: Florvil Tiffany N.
Published: September 2019

By attending conferences, workshops, and symposia in London, New York, Minnesota, and Accra, May Ayim, an Afro-German writer and activist, engaged in political activism internationally. Through these events, Ayim confronted diverse forms of inequality. Yet she also cultivated strong activist ties in Germany. With the support of Afro-Caribbean feminist and writer Audre Lorde, Ayim helped to usher in the Afro-German movement of the 1980s and 1990s. She also cofounded the organization the Initiative of Black Germans (Initiative Schwarze Deutsche, ISD). Motivated by her diasporic politics and international connections, Ayim employed her literary work as a form of activism to obtain social visibility and equality for herself, Afro-Germans, and other people of color. This essay provides one of the first sustained accounts on Ayim’s global activism.
Thyra Edwards’s Spanish Civil War Scrapbook
Authors: Donlon Anne
Published: September 2019

This essay examines the life of African American social worker Thyra Edwards, who traveled to Spain during its civil war, and returned home to fund-raise and organize. She created a scrapbook, a public-facing record of African American women’s efforts on behalf of Republican Spain, made up of photographs prepared for publication and articles about her efforts circulated in newspapers. This feminist perspective of the “folks at home” is a crucial addendum to black history of the war in Spain. Edwards’s scrapbook is a multifaceted document: a kind of autobiography that is self-conscious in its historical record-keeping, an account of a very broad black Popular Front, and a black feminist history of the Spanish Civil War.
“They Will All Be My Color”
Authors: Anae Nicole
Published: September 2019

Nina Mae McKinney (1912-1967), American star of stage and screen, arrived in Australia in 1937 as the leading lady of a vaudeville theatrical performance. She was the first African American film actress to appear in Australia, and the sheer scope of her media interest produced reviews of performances, stories of her film career, and commentaries of her associations with other African Americans of contemporary interest. Taken together, this ephemera makes for instructive reading as iterations responsive to black internationalism as expressed by a woman who had been marginalized by Hollywood’s racial climate but reified internationally as a major talent. Through a critical examination of McKinney’s Australian press, this essay offers a comprehensive rereading of McKinney’s public presence in Australia through the lens of black internationalism.
“A Common Rallying Call”
Authors: Gore Dayo F.
Published: September 2019

This essay examines the experiences of African American women living in China during the early 1960s as many black activists began to look to Asia for other models for revolutionary transformation and global anti-imperialist struggle. The essay centers on Vicki Garvin, who settled in China after 1964. The essay charts Garvin’s experiences as a teacher in Shanghai and as a representative of black radicalism in China from 1964 to 1970. The writing is particularly attentive to Garvin’s negotiations of life and gender politics during the start of the Cultural Revolution as Mao pronounced his support for black liberation struggles in the US and a powerful Third World solidarity (and anti-Vietnam war movement) arose in the States.
Love in a Village and a New Direction for Musical Theater in Eighteenth-Century America
Authors: Murray Sterling E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter reviews the compositional history of Love in a Village, a pastiche—a form in which borrowed songs are blended with original music--by Arne, Giardini, Geminiani, and Boyce, among others. In this case study, Murray examines the foundations of music theater in eighteenth-century America through the lens of David Douglass’s American Company, which first performed Love in a Village in the New World in Charleston in 1766. The author raises the question of how Douglass’s troupe succeeded financially and how in doing so it created a “new direction” for early American musical theater, an orientation and production concept that required trained voices and fuller orchestras, forces well in excess of those typically used for older ballad operas.
Living in the (Publishing) House of Music
Authors: Beal Amy C.
Published: September 2019

From William Billings’s self-published scores in the 1770s to Carla Bley and Michael Mantler’s New Music Distribution Service (NMDS) in the 1970s and beyond, composer-driven publishing and distribution efforts have aided the survival of independent and experimental music in the United States since the very first volumes of original music came into being. In her short history of these composer-driven enterprises in the United States, Beal expounds on the entrepreneurial spirit of American composers, demonstrating how publication series, composer collectives, and distribution services have proved critical to the dissemination of music that often lives in the uncharted territory beyond institutional walls, ultimately beyond the whole idea of imprimatur.
American Music Goes to School A Point of View and a Case in Point
Authors: Clague Mark
Published: September 2019

That patronage remains a critical contemporary concern, not merely a topic of historical interest, is illustrated in Clague's case study from the twenty-first century. He begins with an extensive survey of the aesthetic principles found in earlier European and American commentaries in order to review the idea of a compositional “school” itself; he then focuses his discussion on the Atlanta school of composers and the work of Atlanta Symphony conductor Robert Spano. Clague traces Spano’s strategic commissioning principles as well as the tactics used to introduce new music to new audiences, while also offering insight into the creative power of institution building through community engagement.
The “Most Distinctive and Biggest Benefit that Broadway Has Ever Known”
Authors: Decker Todd
Published: September 2019

Decker examines how the “color line” in the twentieth century crucially impacted Broadway up to the onset of the Great Depression. He finds a “surprising group portrait” of participants--including such figures as Walter White, an early African American leader of the NAACP, and Carl Van Vechten, a popular white novelist and cultural gadfly--who “together [meet] at a site where questions of musical style, race relations, and cultural and social history intersect in provocative ways” and offers a case study of how popular entertainment across the racial spectrum could work to enhance interracial understanding in the penumbral days of the Jazz Age.
Authorship in the Age of Configurable Music
Authors: Katz Mark
Published: September 2019

Mark Katz takes up the up the subject of “configurable music,” by which he means music for which “electronic technologies are used to fashion works that are recognizable as permutations of [prerecorded sounds,] ‘found’ sounds and compositions.” He explores broader questions of authorship among two types of musicians: contemporary hip-hop DJs, known as turntablists, and mashup artists working at personal computers using digital sound files and constructing collages distributed over the internet. Despite their similarities, these two types of artists have very different views about the authorship of their creations. Turntablists in general strongly assert authorship over their work. By contrast, mashup artists tend to reject the notion that are authors (or composers) of anything, characterizing their practice as one of arranging, remixing, or juxtaposing.
Mark Tucker, Thelonious Monk, and “Misterioso”
Authors: Taylor Jeffrey , Tucker Mark
Published: September 2019

A previously unpublished transcription of Thelonious Monk’s “Misterioso” (recorded in 1958) by the late Mark Tucker. Notated transcriptions, especially of improvised jazz solos, have always presented a challenge for those who would understand essentially oral traditions, wanting to be true to the spirit of spontaneity and geniuses at work. Yet, the presence of recording devices throughout virtually the entire history of jazz has made the reproducibility of such solos an everyday phenomenon. The desire to put especially complex examples under the microscope of score analysis, to dig deeper, is nearly irresistible. And after all, are there not many ways to enter the house of music as we attempt to gain insight into what is inevitably an enigmatic process?
Diagnosing Institutional Violence
Authors: Thuma Emily L.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 examines the resistance of women prisoners and their supporters’ opposition to the use of medicalized behavior-modification regimes in prisons during the 1970s. The Coalition to Stop Institutional Violence, a broad-based, feminist-led alliance in Massachusetts that included advocates for the rights of prisoners and mental patients, blocked the construction of a locked treatment center for dissident and gender-nonconforming women prisoners who were labeled “deviant” and “violent.” Activists criticized the “prison/psychiatric state” for perpetrating violence against women while advocating alternative approaches to safety, accountability, and healing.
Intersecting Indictments
Authors: Thuma Emily L.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 4 examines black feminist–led antiviolence organizing in Boston and Washington, D.C. In these highly segregated cities, black feminist organizations led coalitions that crossed lines of race, class, gender, sexuality, and neighborhood. In Boston, the Combahee River Collective, composed of black lesbian socialist feminists, helped to forge a multiracial, multigendered Coalition for Women’s Safety. In Washington, black women at the D.C. Rape Crisis Center organized the first national gathering of U.S. Third World feminist antiviolence activists, built an alliance with Prisoners Against Rape, and shaped the antiracist principles of D.C.’s first “Take Back the Night” marches. These intersectional coalitions reoriented discourses of violence against women toward a critique of state harm and alternatives to criminal justice.
Securing Motherhood on the Home Front
Authors: Fixmer-Oraiz Natalie
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines two recent surges in pronatalism that aligned elite white women’s fertility with national security. It first discusses the “opt-out revolution” of the early twenty-first century, which profiled an exodus of professional women from prestigious careers in favor of full-time domesticity. It turns then to the proliferation of fertility campaigns that targeted young professional women in the latter part of the decade, offering lifestyle directives and encouraging the use of assisted reproductive technologies to secure the possibility of pregnancy later in life. The chapter highlights how these pronatalist campaigns are usefully understood in concert; they highlight the valorization of elite motherhood as a critical dimension of homeland security culture.
Risky Reproduction and the Politics of Octomom
Authors: Fixmer-Oraiz Natalie
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers how the concept of risk shapes reproductive politics through the case of Nadya Suleman (aka Octomom). Interrogating the public discourses that surrounded the Suleman octuplet birth, I trace rhetorics of pathology and risk that marked Suleman as a threat to be contained while masking dominant logics of race, class, and family formation. This chapter illustrates how the rhetoric of risk governs women differentially and positions women against the pregnancies they carry. This, in turn, shifts the gaze of the clinic—decentering women, elevating the fetus, and fueling the discursive conditions necessary for the deprivation of pregnant women’s rights and liberties.
Conclusion
Authors: Fixmer-Oraiz Natalie
Published: September 2019

Taking recent immigration policies related to pregnancy and motherhood as its point of departure, the conclusion considers the implications of homeland maternity and examines potential modes of resistance to it. Resistance might include strategies of co-optation, subversion, and other modes of rhetorical invention and reinvention. In an age of homeland maternity, this would imply, for example, challenges to the cult of intensive mothering, resistance to the surveillance and control of pregnancy and childbirth, novel forms of community organizing and alliance, and more capacious imaginings of motherhood, family, and kin. This final chapter highlights and develops emerging channels of challenge and transformation, to edge us toward the promise of reproductive justice, beginning with the very words we speak.
Leonard Bernstein and the Language of Jazz
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

For Leonard Bernstein, music was a language capable of communicating more directly than in words, and jazz was a crucial part of his musical vocabulary. As an idiom made up of a range of styles--whether stride, boogie-woogie, swing, bebop, or cool--jazz was central to Bernstein’s compositional aesthetic, particularly in his approach to tonality and to defining American music. The blues, as a special part of this jazz idiom, also helped Bernstein articulate a personal identity, expressing everything from sensuality to humor to loss and isolation. This book will examine the shifting meanings of Bernstein’s jazz language in theatrical and symphonic works from across his career. His commitment to jazz in works like On the Town, West Side Story, and Mass also demonstrates Bernstein’s conviction that music could be socially engaged and that jazz was one of the most effective means of engagement. The plurality of jazz styles in Bernstein’s music resonates with many of America’s most significant political and cultural questions, including shifts in the relationship between African American and Jewish American identities. The language of jazz helped Bernstein find a voice in the political and musical senses and continually rearticulate his own American musical identity.
Bernstein’s Philosophy and the Language of Jazz
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

Chapter 1 looks at Bernstein’s writings on musical meaning, national style, and jazz to reveal the philosophy behind his use of jazz and its significance as a part of his long-term project to define American musical identity. A definition of the jazz idiom, according to Bernstein’s understanding, is interwoven with three important strands of Bernstein’s musical thinking: the primacy of tonality, the value of music as a unique form of human communication, and the formation of national identity in music. The chapter focuses particularly on Bernstein’s Harvard honors thesis, the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures (published as The Unanswered Question), and The Joy of Music.
West Side Story, Modern Jazz, and Musical Commitment
Authors: Baber Katherine
Published: September 2019

Chapter 5 shows that the use of jazz to articulate conflict is crucial to the structure and message(s) of West Side Story. Jazz proves to be a flexible conceptualization as Bernstein incorporates the stylistic vocabulary of modern jazz--particularly bebop and cool--bringing new associative meanings based on the sense of artistic and political opposition associated with those styles. Given jazz’s culture of commitment in the civil rights era, and Bernstein’s own statements on the arts and social or political obligation, West Side Story emerges as not just a statement but also as a form of activism.
Designing the Future
Authors: Fenderson Jonathan
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores Hoyt Fuller’s work as the lead editor of Negro Digest, one of several magazines produced by Johnson Publishing Company (JPC). It recounts the magazine’s centrality to both the resurgence of a popularly rooted Black nationalism and the associated emergence of new modes of thinking and organizing as it related to African American art, intellectual work, and social activism. By chronicling the strained professional relationship between the magazine owner, John H. Johnson, and Fuller, the magazine’s editor, the chapter illuminates the intraracial struggle between an emergent group of Black nationalists and a more established elite class of African American liberals. This struggle was perfectly encapsulated in Fuller’s efforts to undermine what he deemed as the bourgeois Negro politics of JPC. By advancing “Black” as a counter to JPC’s dominant discourse, Fuller used Negro Digest as an influential print mechanism in the production and amplification of an alternative politics for African Americans.
A Local Construction Site
Authors: Fenderson Jonathan
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides an institutional history of the Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC), one of the most renowned African American artist collectives of the Black Arts movement. It recounts OBAC’s efforts to challenge Chicago’s established racial order and to reorient Black Chicago’s relationship to artistic production. It argues that OBAC pioneered several community-centered projects that served as hallmark modes of artistic practice within the movement while simultaneously helping to popularize the era’s burgeoning ideas. The group made Chicago an important epicenter of movement activity, attracting artists, activists, and intellectuals from around the world. At their peak, OBAC sparked a national intellectual debate over their creative philosophy of “a black aesthetic,” effectively polarizing arts discourse as it related to African Americans. Their growing popularity and heightened national profile generated a number of internal challenges, including intractable ideological and class contradictions, and tensions between individual professional aspirations and collective community engagement.
Expansion Plans
Authors: Fenderson Jonathan
Published: September 2019

This chapter recounts the international organizing efforts of Hoyt Fuller and the ways Black Arts activists understood their work as part of a larger Pan-African project. Spanning an explosive decade of decolonization on the African continent, this chapter uses Fuller’s experiences across three seminal African festivals to explore the ways US-based Black Arts movement discourses engaged with discussions of art and struggle on the African continent. The chapter recovers the varied roles Fuller played in organizing and participating in the First World Festival of Negro Arts, in Dakar, Senegal in 1966; the First Pan-African Cultural Festival, in Algiers, Algeria, in 1969; and the Second World Festival of Black and African Art, in Lagos, Nigeria, in 1977. It argues that Fuller’s festival experiences map the ruptures, strains, collective aspirations, and points of unity that constituted the asymmetries of Pan-African power in the late 1960s and 1970s.
Coda Maintenance, Reconstruction, and Demolition
Authors: Fenderson Jonathan
Published: September 2019

The coda gives a snapshot of three critical institutional arrangements that offer a framework for understanding the end of the Black Arts movement. Each of these three institutions--Howard University’s Institute for the Arts and Humanities; the seminar on the Reconstruction of African-American Literature, co-sponsored by the Modern Language Association and National Endowment for the Humanities; and the FBI’s Counterintelligence Program (and larger surveillance state)--were tied to Fuller’s life and the closing window of opportunity he faced at the end of the movement. More importantly, the coda contends that the presence (or absence) of these institutions in our collective memory help to shape our broader understanding of the Black Arts movement. It not only offers a three-pronged conclusion to the narrative arch of the book, but it also argues that cultural politics played a tremendous role in shaping African American intellectuals’ access to institutional resources.
Historical Degradation and Ecological Recovery
Authors: Braje Todd J. , Erlandson Jon M. , Gill Kristina M. , Rick Torben C. , Bentz Linda , Collins Paul
Published: September 2019

Spanish arrival to Alta and Baja California in AD 1542 marked the beginning of widespread ecological changes for California Island ecosystems. Over several centuries, Native peoples were removed to mainland towns and missions, intensive commercial fisheries and ranching operations developed, and numerous exotic plants and animals were introduced. The ecological fallout was swift and extensive, with extinctions and extirpations, devegetation, severe soil erosion, damaged hydrology, collapsed fisheries, and other ecological impacts. Archaeologists have long recognized some of the effects of these historical impacts, but only after decades of restoration biology on the islands have we come to appreciate how dramatically ecological baselines have shifted since Spanish arrival. As a result, many of California's islands now appear to have been optimal rather than marginal for human occupation.
Differences in Human Population Density between the California Islands and the Coastal Mainland
Authors: Glassow Michael A. , Johnson John R.
Published: September 2019

If the California Islands were marginal environments for the indigenous people who occupied them, human population densities on the islands should be significantly lower than the adjacent mainland coast. Reconstructing population densities at particular times in the past is fraught with methodological difficulties, but data from site sizes and densities, radiocarbon date distributions, and mission records give no indication that island population densities were significantly lower than along the coastal mainland. Population density measures provide little evidence of environmental marginality on the Northern Channel Islands. Human population densities on islands further south may have been lower than the northern islands, but do not appear to have been significantly different than the adjacent mainland coast.
Where Are the Outsiders?
Authors: Martin Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

This chapter analyzes the historic narrative of Dogtown, Massachusetts, a New England outsider community. The shift from insider to outsider community in the early nineteenth century is examined by placing the documentary record side by side with the past and present landscape. The constructed nature of the historic narrative along with today’s physical space is unpacked, arguing that Dogtown’s communal identity is still an unknown and that the modern understanding of the community has been constructed in the one hundred years since site abandonment.
Marcus M. Garvey and Joseph A. Craigen
Authors: Stephens Ronald J.
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the clash between global Garveyism and local Garveyism by investigating the practice of Garveyism on the ground. It does so by focusing on the work of Joseph Alexander Craigen, the executive secretary of the Detroit Chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and a leading UNIA official, who maintained a professional relationship with Marcus Garvey from 1919 to 1931, but who was sometimes in disagreement with Garvey’s down- to-earth leadership and management style. It also examines Craigen’s split with Garvey in 1929, and follows Craigen’s career beyond his formal association with the UNIA, both in Detroit and in Idlewild, Michigan. This chapter enables scholars to better understand how the practical operation of the UNIA—despite Garvey’s efforts to establish a clear chain of command—encouraged the creation of local centers of power. By charting Craigen’s post-UNIA career, it also demonstrates the manner in which the mass movement sustained by the UNIA in the United States during the 1920s continued to reverberate in the activities of talented men and women like Craigen who gained a political education in the organization.
Continuing Writings on Stone
Authors: Moccasin Camina Weasel
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the concept of contemporary rock-art making as a form of repatriation. According to Blackfoot culture the making of rock art is considered a sacred act that involves communication with the spirit world. Current policies help protect existing, tangible rock art, but at the expense of continuing the intangible heritage of communicating with the spirit world. Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park is in the process of creating a new policy which would allow the making of contemporary rock art in a traditional sense.
Growing Up Church
Authors: Young Darius J.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on Church’s early years by providing an overview of Robert Church Sr. and Anna Church. In particular, it discusses the strategies the black elite used to nurture a new class of leaders during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This chapter discusses Church’s educational background, his initial dealings with his father’s Solvent Saving’s Bank, and his early interest in pursuing a career in politics. Church’s early life serves as a window into the history of the era’s black entrepreneurs, black leadership, and black businesses, all considered against the legacy of slavery.
Frustrated Energies in Modernism’s Female Arrangements
Authors: Paltin Judith
Published: September 2019

Judith Paltin entertains a gendered body that necessarily both succeeds and fails in bodying, creating a non-futurity. For women and racial minorities, modes of bodily recognition (or “arrangements,” as Paltin terms them) have been typically seen as frustrated searches for identity that delimit such figures’ abilities for political and agential change. Yet Paltin turns this notion on its head. Examining works including Jean Rhys’s Good Morning, Midnight and Virginia Woolf’s Orlando for what she calls frustrated affective energies—the mass of feelings that arise from literary encounters with such limited arrangements—Paltin finds that such frustrations actually may offer divergent assemblies, assemblies of bodies that “accommodate their unknown, emergent capacities.”
“Things were in people, people were in things”
Authors: Sigouin Kim
Published: September 2019

Kim Sigouin’s treatment of H.D.’s manifesto and film writings brings out that author’s exploration of the body’s entanglement with nonhuman processes. For H.D., Sigouin argues, the body becomes a lens for translating the world, and therefore a new way of seeing the world, a way of seeing she sought to expressing in her own writing—a vehicle for this new ecological affective language of the body.
The Brain and the Living World in Janet Frame’s Faces in the Water
Authors: Wood Mary Elene
Published: September 2019

Mary Wood examines New Zealander Janet Frame’s representations of the human brain as “mysterious entity” on the borders of humanness in Faces in the Water. Wood argues Frame resists existing medical narratives of the brain which sought to know, in inherently ethnocentric ways, human insides only by their material shell—the skull. The feminized postcolonial body of Frame’s character is, Wood concludes, paradoxically threatened by the reduction of her mind to dead matter, as well as able to find new agency by associating her self across fleshly boundaries, finding the seat of her identity to be co-located in the surrounding landscape of her decolonized environment.
The Fluidity of Venezuelan Informalism
Authors: Gaztambide María C.
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 examines how, in the context of this imperfect panorama, Informalism represented the visual manifestation of a growing discontent with the economic conditions that spurned the “make-believe” at the core of the diatribes of the Venezuelan anthropologist Fernando Coronil and the telenovela pioneer turned political commentator José Ignacio Cabrujas. In the late eighties, they had observed that with the professionalization of the oil industry in earlier decades the wealth that it generated attained chimerical qualities in Venezuela. Such rapid development that obscured the realities of a largely agrarian nation whose modernization was artificially fed by petrodollars. Here, I borrow from GeorgesBataille’s treatises on ritualistic expenditure and his argument that economic wealth and growth governed the physical force field of all organic phenomena. I propose that by the early sixties Venezuela’s unspent energetic surplus had begun to unleash a destructive process from popular segments of the population that, it may be argued, is climaxing in present-day Chavismo. Bataille’s thinking revealed the paradox of utility, or life “beyond [the realm] of utility” as he described it: its ultimate end could only be uselessness as sovereignty was achieved only by those who consumed but did not labor.
Geoarchaeology and Bayesian Statistical Modeling of Radiocarbon Dates from 40CH171, a Multicomponent Shell-Bearing Site in Cheatham County, Tennessee
Authors: Miller D. Shane , Bissett Thaddeus G. , Peres Tanya M. , Anderson David G. , Carmody Stephen B. , Deter-Wolf Aaron
Published: September 2019

Using multiple lines of evidence from 40CH171, including opportunistic sampling, geoarchaeology analysis, and Bayesian radiocarbon modeling, this chapter constructs a site formation process narrative based on fieldwork conducted from 2009 to 2010 by the University of Tennessee, Middle Tennessee State University, and the Tennessee Division of Archaeology. This chapter argues that the shell-bearing strata were deposited relatively close to an active channel of the Cumberland River and/or Blue Creek during the Middle Holocene (ca. 7170–6500 cal BP). This was followed by an abrupt shift to sandier sediments, indicating that deposition after the termination of the shell-bearing deposits at the Middle Archaic/Late Archaic boundary took place in the context of decreasing distance from the site to the Cumberland River and Blue Creek.
Modeling Archaic Settlement Patterns and Ecology in the Middle Cumberland River Valley of Tennessee
Authors: Gillreath-Brown Andrew , Deter-Wolf Aaron
Published: September 2019

Spatial analysis provides a greater understanding of relationships between people and environment. This chapter discusses settlement patterns and settlement ecology of the Middle Cumberland River Valley of Tennessee through spatial analysis and a settlement ecological approach. Multiple lines of evidence are necessary to distinguish between survey bias and archaeological patterns. This chapter examines Archaic settlements at local and regional scales using GIS-based analyses, exploring the environments that people chose to settle and the possible relationship of these choices to horticulture and gathering, and highlighting Archaic patterns with consideration of data limitations. The lower number of sites in the region during the Middle Archaic could suggest a return to a residential mobility strategy, while the Late Archaic yielded more logistical mobility. Decrease in site numbers and elevation from the Early to Middle Archaic could be tied to temperature fluctuations during the Altithermal. Some Late Archaic sites occur at slightly higher elevations, indicating perhaps more varied resources.