bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Bog Hydrological System Dynamics Simulation Model in an Ecological Restoration Context: Soomaa Case Study, Estonia
Authors: Java Oskars , Kohv Marko , Lõhmus Asko
Published: August 2021

We describe how a bog hydrology simulation model, developed in the System Dynamics environment, predicts the changes in the groundwater levels that result from drainage ditch closure and partial thinning of the surrounding forest stand. Five plots were selected in an area that was subjected to such ecological restoration, and the observed groundwater levels were compared with the simulated ones. Across the plots, the mean difference between the observed and simulated groundwater curves varied between 0.88 and 2.63 cm, and the RMSE between 0.28 and 0.71. Although the absolute difference between the predicted vs. observed values was greater in the plots with ditch closure, the curves co-varied more closely there over time. Therefore, hydrological System Dynamics models can be particularly useful for relative comparisons and risk-mapping of novel management scenarios.
On the Validity of the Null Current Assumption for Modeling Sorptive Reactive Transport and Electro-Diffusion in Porous Media
Authors: Tabrizinejadas Sara , Carrayrou Jerome , Saaltink Maarten W. , Baalousha Husam Musa , Fahs Marwan
Published: August 2021

In multispecies electrolyte solutions, each individual species can migrate according to its specific ionic properties. This process is called electrochemical migration or electro-diffusion and is well-described by the Nernst–Planck equation. The common approach for solving the corresponding mathematical system is based on the null current (NC) assumption, which expresses the electric potential in terms of charges and concentrations of chemical components. This assumption has a great advantage as it eliminates the electric potential from the Nernst–Planck equation. However, the NC assumption has limited capacities in describing electro-diffusion processes when the domain is subjected to an external electric field. The validity of the NC assumption could be questionable, even in the absence of an external electric field. This topic has never been investigated in the past. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the validity of the NC assumption and to understand its effect on the model outputs. Thus, we present a new reactive transport model that allows for a reliable representation of the electrochemical migration process. This model is based on the Nernst–Planck and Poisson (NPP) equations which are solved together. We also implement a model based on the NC assumption. Both models have been validated by comparison with CrunchFlow, based on several benchmarks. The results show that in the case of high sorptivity, the NC assumption is no longer valid. Therefore, in the case of sorption processes, the NPP should be used to simulate coulombic interactions.
Εἰκὼςλόγος, or A rational motivation in Plato's philosophy
Authors: Bazaluk Oleg Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2021

Plato opposed εἰκὼςμῦθος and εἰκὼςλόγος, thereby asserting the logos as the highest type of account, which revealed the strict rationality and intelligibility of the cosmos. Plato used the logos to affirm a new way of life in accordance with the intelligibility of the kalos cosmos and its copies (εἰκών) created by Theos. For Plato, therefore, dialogue as an exercise was more important than the results obtained, and for Aristotle, the discussion of problems had more educational value than their solution. Plato and Aristotle perceived the logos in the meanings of dialogue as the art of living by the highest account. They considered the logos as an opportunity to make a transition, or rather, self-transformation to the highest order, into which the idea of agathos was opened. The author argues the thesis put forward referring to the original texts of Plato.

English version of the article on pp. 376-385 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/eikslogos-or-a-rational-motivation-in-platos-philosophy/66016.html
Problems of the quality of Bachelor's degree training at the higher educational institution in the program track of "Vocal Art"
Authors: Sheremet Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

The high level of development of culture and art in modern Russia requires appropriate training of employees for the theater and concert complex. Well-trained specialists will be able to find a job and employment. In the labor market in the field of art and culture, there is creative competition. Therefore, the training of bachelors at the higher educational institutions should be guided by the requirements of the labor market in this area, and the higher educational institutions should produce competitive specialists in creative professions. In the higher education system of modern Russia, the issue of improving the quality of teaching of special (major) disciplines, as well as all subjects included in the training program, is on the agenda of the department collectives. The program trajectory, which is set through the Federal State Educational Standards, is associated with a certain experiment in modeling competencies based on accepted professional standards. An important component is the position of the higher educational institution and the right to develop competencies based on the experience, profile of the university and the composition of the teaching staff. Higher educational institutions have certain academic freedoms and use their opportunities to achieve a higher quality of bachelor's and master's degree training. The article deals with various aspects of vocal pedagogy, the formation of the necessary professional and general cultural competencies, and individual work with students. Such problems are raised by teachers of creative higher educational institutions. We considered it possible to enter into the discussion and conduct a friendly polemic.
Prime-time on TV and radio stations
Authors: Savostyanov Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: August 2021

At present, technology is developing at an incredible speed, and this has affected television and radio stations. The number of channels for getting information has increased with the arrival of such platforms as Instagram, TikTok, and Telegram. In fact, these social networks have taken most of the audience of young people and quickly gained momentum in different age categories. The advertisers must let people know about their products. One can spend millions of dollars on advertising, but miss a great flow of customers and consider it an unforgivable mistake to launch ads not in primetime, which is called "the best time" for this reason. In the article, the author examines what prime-time is, the characteristics of television prime-time, the characteristics of prime-time of radio stations, identifies the functions of prime-time, the cost of advertising on TV channels, the evolution of prime-time with time and the arrival of new technologies. The author of the article, a well-known practical scientist, director, and theorist of the art of directing, analyzes the problem of prime-time (the best time) on Russian television and radio stations in the framework of a scientific approach. The material of the article, which contains a significant share of novelty, can be used in the educational process in the fields of "TV Journalism" and "Public Relations".
Personnel management: personnel policy and personnel planning
Authors:   Department of Management, Moscow University for the Humanities, Lychkan Leonid Petrovich
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the provisions related to personnel (human resources) planning and certain aspects of such planning, in particular, planning the organization's staffing needs for a certain prospected period for the organization's development and implementation of its targets and plans. When planning the need for personnel in modern context of digital transformation of the system of public relations, in the conditions of the formation of different areas of life of a worker, the development of his own resource capabilities, in the context of a changing economic situation, organizations of a modern type, carrying out their activities and functioning in a specific area, take into account certain factors affecting and influencing the staffing needs of the organization, in particular: the organizational structure of the organization; the production structure of the organization; the strategy of the organization, the mission of the organization, the functions of the organization; the production process in the organization; the staffing of the organization (actual staffing - attendance and payroll staff ); the qualitative planning of the organization's staffing needs; the quantitative planning of the organization's staffing needs; programs for the release of goods and the provision of services; the degree of mechanization and automation of the organization's production (the use of new technologies in production), including management processes. The organization's activities are always aimed at establishing business relationships with customers, suppliers, competitors, and other persons who are of interest to the organization and, thereby, contribute to the implementation of the business strategy of a modern organization. Strategy is the result of a generalized determination of the long-term course of the development of the organization, the direction and nature of the organization's actions, associated with the choice of a goal, solution of the corresponding problems, formation of a holistic vision and responsible implementation of the business model of the organization's development, and obtainment of the planned result. An organization's strategy is a set of measures aimed at introducing personnel to the goals of the organization and means to achieve the goals in a certain period of the organization's functioning.
Rehabilitación integral de las personas sentenciadas penalmente para reinsertarlas en la sociedad
Authors: Oleas Plaza Maicol Alejandro , Pozo Calderon Edison Manuel
Published: August 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer la elaboración de un documento de análisis crítico sobre la falta de presupuestos facticos y jurídicos para lograr la rehabilitación integral de las personas privadas de libertad y lo dispuesto en el artículo 201 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. Su metodología fue tipo propositivo, con un enfoque mixto, bajo un diseño documental de campo. Los métodos utilizados fueron; analítico-sistemático, histórico-lógico. Las técnicas usadas fueron la observación y encuesta. La población estuvo compuesta por 13486 abogados inscritos en el foro de abogados de la provincia de Guayas, y la muestra fue de 99. Se obtuvo como resultado, que no existe un adecuado procedimiento para beneficiarse de la Rehabilitación Social Integral, por lo que los internos, quedan en total desamparo. De esta forma con la propuesta se buscó dar cumplimiento al artículo 201 de la Constitución.
Cost-Aware Ant Colony Optimization Based model for Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Alagarsamy Malini , Sundarji Ajitha , Arunachalapandi Aparna , Kalyanasundaram Keerthanaa
Published: August 2021

: Balancing the incoming data traffic across the servers is termed as Load balancing. In cloud computing, Load balancing means distributing loads across the cloud infrastructure. The performance of cloud computing depends on the different factors which include balancing the loads at the data center which increase the server utilization. Proper utilization of resources is termed as server utilization. The power consumption decreases with an increase in server utilization which in turn reduces the carbon footprint of the virtual machines at the data center. In this paper, the cost-aware ant colony optimization based load balancing model is proposed to minimize the execution time, response time and cost in a dynamic environment. This model enables to balance the load across the virtual machines in the data center and evaluate the overall performance with various load balancing models. As an average, the proposed model reduces carbon footprint by 45% than existing methods.
A study on Two-Stage Mixed Attribute Data Clustering Based on Density Peaks
Authors: Liu Shihua , Zhang Hao , Liu Xianghua
Published: August 2021

A Two-stage clustering framework and a clustering algorithm for mixed attribute data based on density peaks and Goodall distance are proposed. Firstly, the subset of numerical attributes of the dataset is clustered, and then the result is mapped into one-dimensional categorical attribute and added to the subset of categorical attribute data. Finally, the new dataset is clustered by the density peaks clustering algorithm to obtain the final result. Experiments on three commonly used UCI datasets show that this algorithm can effectively realize mixed attribute clustering and produce better clustering results than the traditional K-prototypes algorithm do. The clustering accuracy on the Acute, Heart and Credit datasets are 17%, 24%, and 21% higher on average than that of the K-prototypes, respectively.
Experimental Modeling of the Residual Energy of a Rechargeable Battery-Powered Node in Wireless Networks
Authors: Uddin Naseer , Patil Venkanagouda
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes an effective method for experimental modeling of the remaining energy in terms of State of the Charge (SOC) of a battery-powered node in a wireless network. The SOC of a battery is used to accurately determine the remaining energy of the battery. For experimentation, three practical applications (i.e., loads) were allowed to run on the Ni-MH rechargeable battery. The real-time variations in the battery terminal voltage are captured using IC INA219 fuel gauge and an empirical equation is derived from this captured data for each application. These empirical equations are used on a node as a programmable model to experimentally verify the SOC of the application discharge curves. The developed model randomly runs the application for a random duration of time and then computes the SOC of the node. The effectiveness of the randomness in the developed model has been analyzed and found to be practically worth. The proposed work can be scaled up to any number of nodes in a wireless network. This work can benefit the researchers and the academicians working in the area of wireless networks.
Traffic-Aware Clustering Scheme for MANET Using Modified Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sreekanth , Sevalaiappan Latha , Ravichandran Suganthe
Published: August 2021

Clustering is the prevalent routing method in the large-scale Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). The Cluster-Heads (CHs) play an important role in routing as it is transient through all communications of its associated nodes. To ensure fairness in the use of energy in all clusters, each CH has to deal with same amount of traffic. The previous clustering methods focused mainly on the distribution of equal member nodes in each cluster. They failed to consider every cluster's traffic generated. This paper introduces a novel technique for MANET clustering with Modified Elephant Herding Optimization based on the traffic generated within each cluster. This Traffic-Aware Clustering with Modified Elephants Herding Optimization (TAC-MEHO) produces optimized clusters for stable communication and is experimentally tested with well-known clustering techniques. Assessment metrics such as number of Cluster-Heads (CHs), lifetime of the network, and re-clustering rates are measured using various parameter values such as network size, network traffic and transmission distance. The results show that proposed TAC-MEHO improves the re-clustering rate by 91% and 58% when compared with Weighted Clustering Algorithm (WCA) and WCA-GA respectively. Further, it improves the network lifetime by 89% and 88 % over WCA and WCA-GA respectively.
Minister – Coordinator of Special Services in Poland (1997 – 2020). Civil Democratic Control or Political Influence?
Authors: Swoboda Piotr
Published: August 2021

The aim of the article is to present the tranformation of the function of the minister – coordinator of special services in Poland between 1997 and 2020. Espiecially the elements of civil democratic control and the examples of political influence towards special services are taken into consideration. It is very important to establish the institution that can provide suitable coordination in the specific area of the state security that can lead to the special services effectiveness. The analysis of the regulations connected with the minister-coordinator creation and activity shows rather the political involvment and influence towards special services activity than the positive aspects of impoving their coordination and cooperation for the state security and civil democratic control.
The Role of Education in Shaping Safe Behaviours and Attitudes in the Aspect of Sustainable Development
Authors: Grabowska-Lepczak Izabela
Published: August 2021

Education for safety is an exceptionally topical issue in the modern world. It is an indispensable tool for achieving the goals of sustainable development. Who, when and where to educate; what tools to use; and according to what idea – these are essential questions related to raising human awareness. The aim of the article is to analyze and assess the awareness of society in terms of knowledge and skills in the field of safe behavior and attitude, the perception of safety in the context of sustainable development. The results of the research presented in the articleclearly indicate a high level of public involvement in acquiring knowledge and skills on safe behaviours and attitudes. The conclusions obtained allow to develop a strategy that will permit to develop an education system for safety (that will consider formal and informal education) as well as self-education. These conclusions constitute the basis for building cooperation between central government and local government units, educational units, and non-governmental organisations.
The Implementation of State Investment Plans by the Chinese People’s Republic as a Way to Reduce the Russian Federation’s Influence in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Pachucki-Włosek Krystian
Published: August 2021

The aim of this article is to examine the impact of the actions of Chinese capital on limiting the influence of the Russian Federation in Kazakhstan. The preliminary analysis allowed for the formulation of the research question: Does Kazakhstan still take political considerations into account when choosing between Russian and Chinese capital? It was possible to answer this question due to the analysis of the main investments implemented by the Pekin and Mosocow in terms of their compliance with the Kazakhstan2050 development plan, initiated by President Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2012. The main research methods used in the article included: the analysis of literature on the subject, comparison, inference and induction. Finding the relationship between the development plan and investments made it possible to formulate a research hypothesis that the evaluation was reversed in the Kazakh development strategy. The primary objective when choosing a strategic partner became the economic calculation and its benefits. Political considerations came only in second place.
The THE EFFECT OF PICTURE AND PICTURE LEARNING MODELS ON THE SKILLS OF WRITING FICTION STORIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Maryani Tia , Saleh Yopa Taufik , Permana Rahmat
Published: August 2021

The low skill of writing fiction stories at SDN SukasariI is the background of this research. The learning model used by the teacher is less varied, making it difficult for students to develop ideas and ideas in writing fiction stories. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the picture and picture learning model on writing fiction skills. In this study, the method used was experimental, with a quasi experimental design. The population used was all fourth grade students of SDN SukasariI, the sample taken in this study was the entire study population (total sampling), namely the fourth grade SDN Sukasari as many as 37 students. For data collection techniques, namely by interview, documentation, test bags. The tests used were pretest and posttest, and data were analyzed using SPSS 16. The data analysis technique used in this research was t-test. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in the results of the pretest and posttest, this is evidenced by the obtained significance value of 0.000. In accordance with the rules of decision making 0.000 <0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that the picture and picture learning model affects the skills of writing fiction stories in fourth grade students of SDN Sukasari.
2019 Yılı İçerisinde Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalına Başvuran Kadına Yönelik Fiziksel ve Cinsel Şiddet Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KOCA Tuğçe , KAYA Kenan , HİLAL Ahmet
Published: August 2021

Şiddet olgusunun ortaya çıkışı, insanlık tarihi ile paraleldir. Kadın şiddeti ise tarihin eski zamanlarından bu yana var olan ve giderek artan evrensel bir kadın sağlığı problemidir. Bu çalışmada 2019 yılı boyunca Anabilim Dalına başvuran kadın olgularda şiddete maruz kalma oranlarını ve şiddetin sonuçlarını belirlemek amacıyla 01.01.2019 - 31.12.2019 tarihleri arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalına başvuran ve adli rapor düzenlenen tüm olgular içerisinden 18 yaş üzeri 1046 kadın olgu retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Düzenlenen 3493 adli raporun 1046’sının (%30) 18 yaş üzeri kadın olgu olduğu görülmüştür. Kadın olguların yaş ortalaması 35,9 (18-89 aralığında) olup %74,7’sinin bir başkası tarafından künt travmaya, %17,8’inin trafik kazasına, %3,7’sinin cinsel şiddete, %1,7’sinin kesici-delici alet yaralanmasına, %1,1’inin ateşli silah yaralanmasına maruz kaldıkları, fiziksel şiddete maruz kalanların %5,8’inde kemik kırıkları, %2,8’inde yaşamsal tehlike meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. Kadına yönelik şiddet oranları ülkemizde ve dünyada giderek artmaktadır. Pek çok kadının fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen bu yaralanmalar ciddi bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Kadına yönelik şiddetin boyutunu ve sonuçlarını ortaya koymak, şiddeti önlemek amacıyla atılacak adımlara ışık tutacaktır.
CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN HIGHER EDUCATION. ONLINE OR PRESENTIAL TEACHING?
Authors: Medina López Ana , Delgado Jalón María Luisa , Cámara Sánchez Ángeles
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus crisis has led to a succession of urgent changes in the field of university education. At Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), during the first half of 2020, teaching was adapted to the online modality, learning methodologies were transformed and online evaluation was implemented. The university already had a digital platform, although the change had to deal with certain obstacles as some professors and/or students lacked the adequate technological means or did not have the necessary digital skills to abruptly adapt to the new context. When facing next academic year planning, the 2020-21, in the specific case of the Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences (FCJS), which hosts 57% of the total number of students at the URJC, it was necessary to draw the new scenario in which it was decided to return to the classrooms according to a hybrid system. Teachers and students have noted the importance of classroom teaching due to advantages such as the richness of the study environment and university life with all its implications. Given the diversity of the degrees taught at the FCJS, we conclude that online teaching enables interaction between teacher and student but limits the development of certain skills of students in key aspects of this formative stage.

Resumen

La crisis del coronavirus en el ámbito de la educación universitaria ha dado lugar a una sucesión de cambios urgentes en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC). Durante la primera mitad del 2020 se adaptó la docencia a la modalidad online, se transformaron las metodologías docentes y se llevó a cabo la evaluación online. La universidad contaba ya con una plataforma digital, aunque el cambio no estuvo exento de obstáculos ya que algunos profesores y/o alumnos carecían de medios tecnológicos adecuados o bien no contaban con las habilidades digitales necesarias para adaptarse de forma abrupta al nuevo contexto. Para afrontar el siguiente curso 2020-21, en el caso concreto de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales (FCJS), que acoge al 57% del total de estudiantes de la URJC, hubo que planificar el nuevo escenario en el que se optó por el regreso a las aulas según un sistema híbrido. Docentes y estudiantes han constatado la importancia de la docencia presencial por ventajas tales como la riqueza del entorno de estudio y la vida universitaria, con todas sus implicaciones. Dada la diversidad de los grados que se imparten en la FCJS, concluimos que la docencia online posibilita la interacción entre docente y estudiante, pero limita el desarrollo de ciertas habilidades de los estudiantes en aspectos clave propios de esta etapa formativa.
Effectiveness of flipped learning and augmented reality in the new educational normality of the Covid-19 era
Authors: Pozo-Sánchez Santiago , Lopez-Belmonte Jesús , Moreno-Guerrero Antonio José , Fuentes-Cabrera Arturo
Published: August 2021

Flipped learning and augmented reality have become two emerging didactic proposals today in the field of education. This study analyzes the effectiveness of flipped learning and augmented reality in various dimensions related to the learning process. A quasi-experimental design has been carried out in a sample of 116 students from Spain, of the third level of Secondary Education. A questionnaire has been used to collect the research data. The results show that there is a high appreciation by students of both educational experiences, although differences in various dimensions are present. Those who have received teaching based on flipped learning show significance in the dimensions teacher-student, autonomy, deepening and classtime. On the other hand, those who have developed the experience with augmented reality show significance in the dimensions of motivation, interrelation with content and students, and resolution. In conclusion, both the application of an emerging methodology based on flipped learning and the use of educational technology with augmented reality contributes positively to the optimization of learning processes in the Mathematics classroom.
Engineering examination as the basis for the successful reconstruction of natural and waste water treatment facilities
Authors: Зубов М.Г. , Обухов Д.И. , Дячук С.А.
Published: August 2021

При эксплуатации сооружений очистки природных и сточных вод могут изменяться условия относительно принятых в проектных решениях. Вследствие этого очистные сооружения прекращают выполнять возложенные на них функции. До реконструкции таких сооружений водоподготовки и очистки сточных вод инженерно-техническое обследование является основой принятия верных технико-технологических решений. При обследовании используется алгоритм принятия решений, направленный на достижение поставленных целей при проектировании мероприятий по реконструкции и их внедрении. На примере одного из предприятий пищевой промышленности рассмотрено положительное влияние проведения расширенного инженерного обследования на принятие верных точечных технико-технологических решений, позволивших обеспечить надлежащее качество очистки сточных вод при оптимальных капитальных вложениях.

During the operation of natural and waste water treatment facilities, conditions may change in relation to those accepted in design decisions. As a result, the treatment facilities cease to perform the functions assigned to them. Before the reconstruction of such water treatment and wastewater treatment facilities, engineering and technical examination is the basis for making the right technical and technological decisions. The examination involves a decision-making algorithm aimed at achieving the goals set while designing. Through the example of one of the food industry enterprises, the authors considered the positive impact of an extended engineering examination for the acception of correct technical and technological solutions that provide the proper quality of wastewater treatment with optimal capital investments.
Implementation of a recycling water supply system at a plant for the production of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Литвиненко В.А. , Лановой А.С. , Обухов Д.И.
Published: August 2021

Внедрение оборотного водоснабжения является важным фактором снижения негативного воздействия на окружающую среду промышленными предприятиями. В 2007 г. специалистами ЭКОС Групп были построены и введены в эксплуатацию очистные сооружения для сточных вод завода по производству минеральных удобрений. Вводу в эксплуатацию предшествовали полноценные опытно-промышленные испытания на пилотной установке производительностью 1 м3/ч. Предварительные пилотные испытания являются наиболее верным шагом при реализации проектов по возведению канализационных очистных сооружений. На пилотной установке были апробированы предлагаемые технологические решения: дозы химических реагентов, последующее осветление, фильтрация и сорбция на безнапорных фильтрах. В результате были определены технологические параметры, принятые к проекту, и основные показатели качества исходной сточной воды. Эффективность очистки при фильтровании через ершовый фильтр составила до 80%. Показана необходимость усреднения исходных сточных вод и использования ступени биологической очистки. По завершении работ заказчик получил надежные, простые в эксплуатации очистные сооружения, что позволило прекратить сброс сточных вод в городскую канализацию и сократить собственное водопотребление на производственные нужды.

The introduction of recycling water supply is an important factor in reducing the negative impact of industrial enterprises on the environment. In 2007, experts from ECOS Group built and commissioned wastewater treatment facilities for a mineral fertilizer plant. Commissioning was preceded by full-fledged pilot tests in a pilot plant with a capacity of 1 m3/h. Preliminary pilot tests are a smart move in the implementation of projects for the construction of wastewater treatment facilities. The proposed process solutions were tested in the pilot plant: dosages of chemicals, subsequent clarification, filtration and sorption in gravity filters. As a result, the process parameters and the main indicators of the quality of raw wastewater were determined. The filtration efficiency in a ERSH was up to 80%. The necessity of raw wastewater balancing and the use of a biological treatment stage is shown. Upon completion of the work, the customer received reliable, easy-to-work treatment facilities; effluent discharge into the municipal sewer was ceased and the water consumption for the production needs was reduced.
Combined destruction of ethylene glycol, formaldehyde and methanol by biological methods
Authors: Зубов М.Г. , Вильсон Е.В. , Литвиненко В.А. , Кадревич А.А.
Published: August 2021

Целью прикладного научного исследования является определение удельной скорости окисления токсичных органических соединений – этиленгликоля, формальдегида и метанола – сообществом микроорганизмов иммобилизованного биоценоза на носителе ЁРШ®, установленном в пилотной установке. Для достижения поставленной цели реализован многоэтапный эксперимент, позволивший определить возможность глубокой биодеградации токсичных веществ и установить необходимую концентрацию азота аммонийного в исходной сточной воде для реализации процесса биодеградации. В ходе исследования были выполнены следующие работы: определение времени выхода на режим пилотной установки после плановой остановки в подаче сточных вод на 31-й день; оценка удельной скорости окисления прикрепленным биоценозом по показателям этиленгликоль, формальдегид, ХПК, БПК; оценка ассимиляции и трансформации соединений азота; формулирование выводов на основе проведенного анализа результатов исследований, необходимых для оценки целесообразности применения биологической очистки сточных вод прикрепленным биоценозом исследуемых загрязнителей и определения расчетных параметров очистного сооружения.

The objective of the applied scientific research is to determine the specific rate of oxidation of toxic organic compounds – ethylene glycol, formaldehyde and methanol – by the community of microorganisms of the immobilized biocenosis on the IORSh carrier installed in a pilot plant. To achieve this goal, a multi-stage experiment was carried out that provided for determining possible enhanced biodegradation of toxic substances and specifying the required concentration of ammonium nitrogen in raw wastewater for the implementation of the biodegradation process. In the course of the study, the following works were carried out: determining the process stabilization time in the pilot plant after the scheduled shutdown in the wastewater supply on the 31stday; assessing the specific rate of oxidation by the attached biocenosis in terms of ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, COD, BOD; assessing the assimilation and transformation of nitrogen compounds; drawing conclusions based on the analysis of the research results required for estimating the feasibility of using biological wastewater treatment with the attached biocenosis of the pollutants under study and determining the design parameters of the treatment plant.
VAIKŲ IR PAAUGLIŲ NERIMO SUTRIKIMAI ŠEIMOS GYDYTOJO PRAKTIKOJE
Authors: Tarasevičiūtė Kotryna , Poškutė Gertrūda
Published: August 2021

Vaikų ir paauglių nerimo sutrikimai yra dažni ir linkę kartotis. Negydomi jie lėtina socioemocinę ir pažintinę raidą. Šeimos gydytojo praktikoje itin svarbu juos anksti atpažinti ir imtis tinkamų veiksmų. Tyrimo tikslas − pa­teikti šeimos gydytojui dažniausių pediatrinių pacientų nerimo sutrikimų atpažinimo ir gydymo gaires, reikalin­gas norint ankstyvos intervencijos pagalba išvengti be­sivystančių pasekmių. Literatūros ieškota elektroninėse duomenų bazėse Medline (Pubmed), Cohrane Library, specializuotoje paieškos sistemoje Google Scholar. Ty­rimo rezultatai ir išvados. Norint diagnozuoti nerimo sutrikimą, būtina įvertinti rizikos veiksnius, aplinkybes, situacijas bei šeimos kontekstą, kuriame jis pasireiškia. Svarbu atskirti normalų vaikų baimių vystymąsi ir atpa­žinti patologinį nerimą, kuris trikdo kasdienę veiklą ir stabdo normalią raidą. Šeimos gydytojas, įtaręs ar nu­statęs nerimo sutrikimą, gali kreiptis į kitus sveikatos priežiūros specialistus arba, vadovaudamasis šeimos gy­dytojo norma, skirti gydymą. Tiriamos veiksmingos šių patologijų intervencijos, tokios kaip psichoterapija, psi­chofarmakoterapija. Kognityvinė elgesio terapija įrodyta kaip veiksminga patologinio nerimo pasireiškimo ko­rekcijai ir neturinti nepageidaujamo poveikio. Vis dėlto, kartais reikia skirti medikamentinį gydymą. Selektyvūs serotonino reabsorbcijos inhibitoriai (SSRI) priskiriami prie pirmos eilės medikamentų dėl teigiamo naudos ir žalos santykio. Valstybinė vaistų kontrolės tarnyba prie Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministerijos yra įspėjusi dėl galimos SSRI gydymo sukeltos suicido rizikos, elgesio pakitimų bei somatinių nusiskundimų. Renkantis medikamentinę gydymo formą, reikėtų įspėti paciento tėvus apie galimą šalutinį poveikį ir gauti su­tikimą gydymui.
MOTERŲ CISTITAS PIRMINĖJE SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROJE
Authors: Lukoševičius Karolis , Rimkus Deividas , Steponavičius Vytautas
Published: August 2021

Ūminis nekomplikuotas šlapimo pūslės uždegimas yra viena iš dažniausiai pasitaikančių šlapimo takų bakterinių infekcijų, kuri kasmet paveikia 150 milijonų žmonių. Šis susirgimas daro didelę įtaką pacientų gyvenimo kokybei. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti naujausią informaciją apie cistito etiologiją, diagnostiką, simptomus bei gydymo būdus pirminėje asmens sveikatos priežiūroje. Informa­cijos paieška atlikta PubMed, BioMed Central duomenų bazėse. Išnagrinėta 14 mokslinių straipsnių, atitikusių atrankos kriterijus. Cistitas yra šlapimo pūslės uždegi­mas, kurį dažniausiai sukelia šlapimo pūslės infekcija, dažnesnė moterims, nei vyrams. Dažniausias sukėlėjas E. coli nustatomas 86 proc. sergančiųjų. Lengvesniais atve­jais simptomai ir uždegimas praeina savaime per keletą dienų, tačiau neretai cistito epizodai kartojasi, gali su­kelti inkstų geldelių ir inkstų uždegimą ar kitas kom­plikacijas. Pagrindinis ir dažniausiai pasitaikantis cis­tito simptomas − nuolatinis noras šlapintis ir deginantis skausmas šlapinantis. Pasireiškus vienam specifiniam cistito simptomui arba esant nespecifinei simptomatikai, patvirtinimui atliekama šlapimo analizė. Išvados. Cisti­tas yra viena dažniausių infekcijų pasaulyje, sukurianti didžiulius darbo krūvius pirminės asmens sveikatos prie­žiūros specialistams. Netinkamai gydoma ar nevisiškai išgydyta liga kelia didelę kartotinės infekcijos ir jos at­sparumo vaistams riziką. Diagnozė dažnai patvirtinama remiantis simptomais, tačiau nesėkmingo gydymo atveju reikalingi papildomi tyrimai.
ŪMAUS GALVOS SVAIGIMO PRIEŽASTYS IR DIAGNOSTIKA PIRMINĖS SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS ĮSTAIGŲ PRAKTIKOJE
Authors: Krunkaitienė Viktorija , Krunkaitis Skirmantas
Published: August 2021

Tyrimo tikslas − apžvelgti dažniausias galvos svaigimo priežastis, jų diagnostiką ir diferencinę diagnostiką pir­minėje sveikatos priežiūros grandyje. Tyrimo metodai – mokslinės literatūros paieška, atranka ir analizė. Li­teratūros paieška atlikta elektroniniu būdu ScienceDi­rect, PubMed, UpToDate elektroninėse duomenų bazėse. Atrinkti aktualiausi ir labiausiai temą atitinkantys 29 straipsniai ir atlikta jų analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad ūmus galvos svaigimas yra sunki būklė, kuri labai vargina pacientą ir dažniausiai reikalauja greitų spren­dimų. Dažniausia galvos svaigimo priežastis yra gerybi­nis paroksizminis pozicinis vertigo (GPPV), vestibulinis neuronitas ir Menjero liga. Apžvelgiamoje literatūroje akcentuojama ligos istorijos ir tinkamo fizinio ištyrimo svarba, kadangi daugeliu atvejų galvos svaigimas būna periferinės kilmės ir gali būti diagnozuojamas neatliekant brangių instrumentinių tyrimų (tokių kaip galvos KT arba MRT), kurių atlikimas dažnu atveju būna netikslingas ir sunaudojantis daug išteklių. Tyrimų duomenimis, tinka­mai atliktas pacientų klinikinis ištyrimas yra jautrus ir pakankamai specifiškas, siekiant atmesti gyvybei grės­mingas ligas ir diagnozuoti galvos svaigimo priežastį.

Išvados. Dažniausia galvos svaigimo priežastis yra peri­ferinės kilmės, tad diagnostikai dažnai pakanka tinkamai atlikto klinikinio ištyrimo. Kiekvienas pirminės sveika­tos priežiūros grandies gydytojas turėtų tinkamai atlikti galvos svaigimu besiskundžiančio paciento ištyrimą, nes tai leidžia pakankamai tiksliai diagnozuoti galvos svai­gimo kilmę, atmesti ūmią, gyvybei grėsmingą būklę ir sutaupyti laiko bei kaštų, išvengiant brangių ir ne visada tikslingų tyrimų.
DIRGLIOSIOS ŽARNOS SINDROMAS: RIZIKOS VEIKSNIAI
Authors: Norbutaitė Agnė
Published: August 2021

Dirgliosios žarnos sindromas (DŽS) yra funkcinis žar­nyno motorikos sutrikimas, kuriam būdingas lėtinis pasi­kartojantis pilvo skausmas, diskomfortas ir pakitęs tušti­nimasis, nesant kitų organinių virškinimo sistemos ligų. Prieš pradedant DŽS gydymą, reikia įvertinti, kokie yra pagrindiniai simptomai, koks jų sunkumas ir dažnumas. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti mokslinės literatūros duomenis apie dirgliosios žarnos sindromo rizikos veiksnius, kurie turi įtakos simptomų atsiradi­mui. Atlikta mokslinių publikacijų apžvalga, atranka ir analizė. Literatūros šaltinių paieška atlikta Medline (Pu­bMed), Google Scholar ir Medscape duomenų bazėse. Į apžvalgą įtrauktos 2016-2021 metų mokslinės publika­cijos anglų kalba. Atrinkti, išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti 7 viso teksto straipsniai.

Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad DŽS formavimuisi įta­kos turi vidinių ir išorinių veiksnių sąveika. Klinikinėje praktikoje šio sindromo diagnozė nustatoma remiantis paciento anamneze ir būdingų simptomų pasireiškimu. Nustatyta genetinių veiksnių, ūminių enterinių infekcijų, kai kurių mitybos įpročių, pakitusios žarnyno mikrobio­tos įtaka. Ypač didelis DŽS paplitimas, siekiantis net 46 proc., nustatytas pacientams, turėjusiems Giardia lam­blia infekciją. Pastebėtas ryšys ir su kitomis virškinamojo trakto infekcijomis, sukeltomis Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Clostridioides difficile ir Vibrio cholerae bakterijų.

Išvados. Pagrindiniai DŽS rizikos veiksniai yra moteriš­koji lytis, jaunas amžius, genetinė predispozicija, mitybos įpročiai, persirgti gastroenteritai ir pakitusi mikrobiota. Stresas, nerimas ir depresija taip pat yra DŽS rizikos veiksniai, bet jie gali būti ir šio sindromo pasekmė.
TĖVŲ ŽINIOS APIE IKIMOKYKLINIO UGDYMO ĮSTAIGAS LANKANČIŲ VAIKŲ BURNOS SVEIKATĄ
Authors: Martinėlytė Gabrielė , Vasiliauskienė Ingrida , Petrauskienė Sandra
Published: August 2021

Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti tėvų žinias apie jų vaikų, lankančių lopšelį-darželį, burnos sveikatai įtaką daran­čius veiksnius.

Medžiaga ir metodai. Tyrimas atliktas 2020 metų vasa­rio mėnesį. Žinios tirtos tėvų, kurių iki šešerių metų vai­kai lanko Kauno lopšelį-darželį „Žvangutis“ ir Rokiškio lopšelį-darželį „Nykštukas“. Tyrime dalyvavo 120 tėvų. Tyrimo metodas – anketinė apklausa.

Rezultatai. Tėvai nepakankamai gerai žino, kiek kartų vaikams reikia profilaktiškai apsilankyti pas burnos prie­žiūros specialistą. Daugumos vaikų pirmasis vizitas pas burnos priežiūros specialistą buvo tik atsiradus dantų ėduonies pažeidimo požymių. Rezultatai parodė, kad tėvai žino, kiek kartų per dieną reikia valyti dantis, ta­čiau tik 60,8 proc. apklaustųjų dantis valo kartu su vaiku, 76,7 proc. nenaudoja vaikų tarpdančių priežiūrai dantų siūlo. 75 proc. vaikų dažnai užkandžiauja ir didelė dalis respondentų vaikų užkandžiams renkasi daug angliavan­denių turinčius produktus.

Išvada.Tėvų, kurių vaikas lanko ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigą, žinios apie vaikų mitybos sąsajas su dantų ėduo­nimi, burnos sveikatą ir burnos higieną yra nepakanka­mos.
SERGANČIŲJŲ COVID-19 INFEKCIJA PLAUČIŲ ARTERIJOS TROMBEMBOLIJA
Authors: Maksvytytė Šarūnė , Šerpytis Pranas
Published: August 2021

Koronavirusinė infekcija (COVID-19) – tai grėsminga visuomenės problema. Remiantis 2021 m. balandžio mė­nesio duomenimis, ši infekcija nusinešė daugiau nei 3 mi­lijonus gyvybių. Dažniausia COVID-19 pacientų trom­botinė komplikacija − plaučių arterijos trombembolija (PATE) siejama su dideliu sergamumu ir mirštamumu, reikalaujanti kuo ankstyvesnės diagnostikos ir gydymo. Tyrimo tikslas − atlikti mokslinių straipsnių, nagrinėjan­čių PATE paplitimą, patogenezę, diagnostiką ir gydymą COVID-19 infekcija sergančių pacientų populiacijoje, analizę. Literatūros apžvalgai naudoti 2020-2021 m. straipsniai. Remiantis atlikta apžvalga, pastebėta: PATE yra dažna pacientams, sergantiems sunkia COVID-19 sukelta pneumonija ar ūminiu respiracinio distreso sin­dromu (ŪRDS); šios būklės paplitimas yra didesnis, nei asmenų, sergančių kitų virusinių infekcijų sukelta pneu­monija ar ŪRDS; didesnis PATE paplitimas galimai su­sijęs su SARS-CoV-2 sukeliama imunotromboze; žymus D-dimerų koncentracijos padidėjimas gali būti stebimas ir PATE nekomplikuotos sunkios COVID-19 infekcijos atveju; šiuo metu trūksta duomenų apie optimalią profi­laktinę antikoaguliaciją bei uždegimą slopinančių vaistų poveikį hemostazei COVID-19 pacientų populiacijoje.
VIRŠUTINIŲJŲ VOKŲ DERMATOCHALAZĖS BLEFAROPLASTIKOS REIKŠMĖ PACIENTŲ REGĖJIMO FUNKCIJAI IR GYVENIMO KOKYBEI: KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Kaukėnaitė Ieva , Čemerkaitė Justė , Liutkevičienė Rasa
Published: August 2021

Dermatochalazė yra vokų odos perteklius, susiformuo­jantis dėl odos išsitampymo, sumažėjus jos elastingu­mui. Pagrindinis akių vokų odos užkritimą sukeliantis veiksnys yra su amžiumi susijęs odos senėjimas, tačiau mokslinėje literatūroje išskiriami ir kiti rizikos veiks­niai, tokie kaip vyriškoji lytis, šviesesnė odos spalva, didelis kūno masės indeksas (KMI) bei rūkymas. Ble­faroplastikos metu pašalinamos perteklinės vokų odos raukšlės, riebalai ir, jei reikia, gilesni audiniai. Viršu­tiniųjų vokų blefaroplastika yra viena iš dažniausių veido plastinių operacijų, kuri gali būti atliekama dėl funkcinių ar estetinių indikacijų. Komplikacijos po šios chirurginės procedūros stebimos retai, daugumos jų iš­vengti padeda kruopštus operacijos planavimas bei tiksli metodika. Tyrimo tikslas − pristatyti klinikinį atvejį ir, remiantis naujausiais mokslinės literatūros šaltiniais, apžvelgti viršutiniųjų vokų dermatochalazės blefaro­plastikos reikšmę objektyviems ir subjektyviems re­gėjimo funkcijų pokyčiams, gyvenimo kokybei ir ben­drą pacientų pasitenkinimą šios operacijos rezultatais. Pristatomas klinikinis atvejis, kuriame 57 metų mote­riai buvo atlikta blefaroplastika dėl abiejų viršutiniųjų vokų odos, dengiančios išorinius vokų plyšio kraštus bei krentančios ant blakstienų, pertekliaus. Pacientė skun­dėsi akipločio susiaurėjimu, viršutiniųjų vokų sunkumo jausmu, odos dirginimu bei pasunkėjusia žiūrėjimo po­zicija. Viršutiniųjų vokų plastikos metu pašalinus odos perteklių, pagerėja pacientų regėjimo funkcija dėl vir­šutinės akipločio dalies defekto sumažėjimo, kontras­tinio jautrumo padidėjimo, astigmatizmo ir aukštesnio lygio aberacijų sumažėjimo. Subjektyvūs pacientų iš­sakomi simptomai, tokie kaip akipločio sumažėjimas, galvos atlošimas siekiant geriau matyti, viršutiniųjų vokų sunkumo jausmas, galvos skausmai, viršutiniųjų vokų odos dirginimas po jų plastikos pasireiškia rečiau, nei prieš operaciją. Po viršutiniųjų vokų plastikos pa­gerėja pacientų gyvenimo kokybė. Bendrasis pacientų pasitenkinimas operacijos rezultatais yra labai didelis.
RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND PREVENTION OF POST-DURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE IN THE OBSTETRIC FIELD
Authors: Kalinauskas Matas , Juotkutė Mantilė
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Over the past decades, the number of wo­men choosing to have epidural analgesia or undergoing spinal anesthesia during labor is steadily increasing. Con­sequently, a risk for complications is increasing. Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is considered one of the most common complication following accidental dural puncture (ADP).

Sources and a method: A literature overview were con­ducted via search engine “PubMed (Medline)” and “Goo­gle Scholar”. Randomized controlled trials, meta – analy­sis, retrospective, prospective trials and systemic reviews on PDPH were selected.

Aim of the review: To evaluate the most commonly des­cribed risk factors, clinical presentation and prevention of PDPH in the obstetric field.

Results: The occurrence of ADP during neuraxial anest­hesia reported in the literature is relatively small – 0,1 – 1,5%. PDPH is a potentially expected complication after any lumbar punction. It presents as a headache within five days of the puncture due to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The pain is often bilateral, located in the frontal or occipital areas. Symptoms, such as vision and hearing impairment, neck pain and nausea might follow. Usually, the symptoms fade out spontaneously within two weeks. Risk factors for PDPH are modifiable (technique of the injection and anesthesiologist’s skills) and non-modifia­ble (pregnancy, low body mass index (BMI), dehydra­tion, history of PDPH). The goal of preventing PDPH is to identify and correct the risk factors associated with this condition. Main described means being equipment and experience, conservative measures, administration of epidural morphine, intravenous dexamethasone or co­syntropin, epidural blood patch and intrathecal catheter.

Conclusions: 1. PDPH manifests as an orthostatic hea­dache with or without ocular, neural, hearing and other symptoms. 2. Young pregnant women with low BMI are more likely to suffer from PDPH. 3. PDPH preven­tion consists of risk factor correction and proper medi­cal techniques.