bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of multiple Biomarkers: NGAL, KIM1, Cystatin C and IL18 in predicting pregnancy related acute kidney injury
Authors: Usman Aamir Muhammad
Published: February 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7494

How to cite this: Aamir MU. Efficacy of multiple Biomarkers: NGAL, KIM1, Cystatin C and IL18 in predicting pregnancy related acute kidney injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):628. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7494
Οι κοινωνίες της Εποχής του Χαλκού στην Κεντρική και Βόρεια Ελλάδα υπό το πρίσμα των λίθινων λαξευμένων εργαλειοτεχνιών
Authors: Στεργίου Γεώργιος
Published: February 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματεύεται το ζήτημα της οργάνωσης και λειτουργίας των κοινωνιών της Εποχής του Χαλκού στην Κεντρική και Βόρεια Ελλάδα υπό το πρίσμα των λίθινων λαξευμένων εργαλειοτεχνιών. Από γεωγραφικής άποψης η μελέτη εστιάζει στη βόρεια και κεντρική ηπειρωτική χώρα (Μακεδονία, Δυτική Θεσσαλία, Ήπειρος και Δυτική Στερεά Ελλάδα έως και τη Φωκίδα), περιοχές στις οποίες οι αναδυόμενες κοινωνίες της Εποχής του Χαλκού παρουσιάζουν χαρακτηριστικά που τις διαφοροποιούν από αυτές που αναπτύσσονται στη νότια χώρα. Οι εργαλειοτεχνίες του λαξευμένου λίθου αποτελούν ως εκ τούτου το αρχαιολογικό υλικό στο οποίο εστιάζει η μελέτη εμπλουτίζοντας ταυτόχρονα τα ήδη υπάρχοντα δεδομένα που αφορούν στα λίθινα εργαλειακά σύνολα της Ηπειρωτικής Ελλάδας. Η παρούσα έρευνα εφαρμόζει τόσο το μεθοδολογικό εργαλείο της εγχειρηματικής αλυσίδας για την ανάλυση των λιθοτεχνικών συνόλων όσο και αρχαιομετρικών μεθόδων μελέτης, όπως η διενέργεια λεπτών τομών για τον πετρογραφικό προσδιορισμό των λίθινων πρώτων υλών. Με τον τρόπο αυτό η έρευνα καλείται να συμπληρώσει ένα ερευνητικό κενό στην ευρύτερη περιοχή και να κατανοήσει πληρέστερα τα δίκτυα διακίνησης των πρώτων υλών, τις τεχνολογικές μεταβολές, καθώς και την οικονομική οργάνωση των θέσεων της Εποχής του Χαλκού σε ενδοκοινοτικό αλλά και διακοινοτικό επίπεδο, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις νέες προβληματικές της έρευνας στην περιοχή.
The issue of social control in late modernity: alienation and narrativity
Authors: Martínez-Lucena Jorge
Published: February 2023

This article shows to what extent the new situation in our late-modern societies can see a further deepening of the social control typical of soft totalitarianism we experience in our globalised democracies, through the mechanisms already denounced by Arendt in her The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951): the promotion of rootlessness and superfluity. In particular, the paper focus on what Eliot (1927) called the hollow man or what philosophy and sociology have called the one-dimensional man, the absent subject or the saturated self, which the technological, social, cultural and economic environment in which we live so favours. The article diagnoses the reasons and means by which the alienation of the subject occurs, but proposes narrative and testimony as ways of combating social control of a psychopolitical kind[1].
 
[1] Investigación financiada por el proyecto del Banco de Santander – CEU titulado “Control social, posmodernidad y comunidad política” (COSOPOC) con código B920PR02 // FUSPBC-PPC14/2018.
Lockdown, social control of space and religious freedom
Authors: Belmonte Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2023

Political thought, from Aristotle to Lefebvre, has placed importance on the control of space as an activity of political power. Extraordinary measures taken by global policy-makers since the early 2020s as part of efforts to to combat the pandemic have included mass lock-downs, closed borders, social distancing and other forms of spatial control. Importantly, spaces dedicated to religious worship (churches, etc.) were subjected to extraordinary regulation. In the exercise of this new control of space, social control has played an important role (obligation to declare one’s health condition, incitement to denounce offenders...) fostered by the authorities through various means of new social education, generating new social habits in terms of the management of space. Religious freedom and the autonomy of the Church thus faced new challenges as a result of the extraordinary control of religious space by civil power and the pressure of social control. The new forms of control incorporated into our habits deserve to be critically reviewed in our search for true spaces of freedom that are not sacrificed in the name of supposed science.
The transformation of individualism and loneliness in times of pandemics
Authors: Barraycoa Martínez Javier
Published: February 2023

The characterisation of mass society in a society without God, as a mere mimetic, hypnotic and unstable phenomenon is clearly insufficient. For its rise, social, psychological and relational changes had to take place, both among people and between people and their environment. Many scholars in recent times who have tried to explain the phenomenon of mass society have undoubtedly linked it to individualism, especially to one of its characteristics that could be considered specifically modern: loneliness. The study entitled “The Spiral of Silence” is well known, in which Noelle-Neumann, taking up Tocqueville's classic thesis, highlights the tremendous negative force – as a psychosocial agent – of individual behaviour in the face of social forces. As Erich Fromm forcefully points out: “Feeling completely isolated and lonely leads to mental disintegration, just as starvation leads to death”. The phenomenon of a worldwide pandemic has forced a rethinking of the concept of isolation and loneliness, theoretically displaced by virtual and telematic forms of communication. However, mimetic effects and mass behaviours have not disappeared with isolation, but have been transmuted into new psychological, behavioural and cognitive attitudes.
Law, Economics, and Privacy: Implications of Government Policies on Website and Third-Party Information Sharing
Authors: Gopal Ram D. , Hidaji Hooman , Kutlu Sule Nur , Patterson Raymond A. , Yaraghi Niam
Published: February 2023

Widespread abuse of internet users' privacy online has prompted user advocacy groups to implore governments to intervene and protect consumer rights. To study such interventions' effects, we examine data-protection policies that policy makers and governments can enforce on websites, including consent-based user information sharing and subsidizing competing websites. Interestingly, we find that even though a consent-based policy may improve user surplus, it has the unintended consequence of increasing the number of third-parties and, thus, sharing of user information. We also determine that both consent-based and website subsidization policies may reduce competition by driving websites out of the market—to the detriment of user surplus and social welfare. Moreover, consent-based policies are not beneficial to websites, but are beneficial for third-parties. Policy makers should consider the different policy mechanisms at their disposal. Website subsidization is similar to a scalpel, enabling them to sculpt around and impact specific target markets. Consent-based policies are more comparable to a sledgehammer that uniformly affects all market segments. For circumstances where it is difficult for the government to enact a law for the entire market, website subsidization policies may be appealing alternatives, as they may yield higher user surplus than consent-based policies.
Exact Optimal Stopping for Multidimensional Linear Switching Diffusions
Authors: Ernst Philip , Mei Hongwei
Published: February 2023

The paper studies a class of multidimensional optimal stopping problems with infinite horizon for linear switching diffusions. There are two main novelties in the optimal problems considered: The underlying stochastic process has discontinuous paths, and the cost function is not necessarily integrable on the entire time horizon, where the latter is often a key assumption in classical optimal stopping theory for diffusions. Under relatively mild conditions, we show, for the class of multidimensional optimal stopping problems under consideration, that the first entry time of the stopping region is an optimal stopping time. Further, we prove that the corresponding optimal stopping boundaries can be represented as the unique solution to a nonlinear integral equation. We conclude with an application of our results to the problem of quickest real-time detection of a Markovian drift.

Funding: P. Ernst received financial support from the Army Research Office [Grant ARO-YIP-71636-MA], the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-1811936], and the Office of Naval Research [Grants N00014-18-1-2192 and N00014-21-1-2672].
The Dual Function of Organizational Structure: Aggregating and Shaping Individuals’ Votes
Authors: Piezunka Henning , Schilke Oliver
Published: February 2023

How do organizational structures influence organizational decision making? This article reveals organizational structures’ dual function: they both (1) aggregate and (2) shape individuals’ decisions. What makes this dual function so remarkable is that the two effects are diametrically opposed to one another. Ceteris paribus, a less stringent decision-making structure reduces the amount of support required for a given project to be greenlit at the organizational level, which should result in more investments getting approved. However, we find that this ceteris paribus assumption does not hold, because a less stringent decision-making structure also reduces individuals’ tendency to provide their support for an investment. Our experimental investigation of organizational voting provides evidence for our position that organizational structure plays an important role beyond mere aggregation: voting thresholds also affect individuals’ voting behavior. The combination of both effects explains why the organizational adoption of a new voting threshold may not yield the intended outcome.

Funding: This work was supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award from the Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences [Grant 1943688] granted to O. Schilke.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1653 .
Organizing pneumonia: an unusual sequela of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Eid Mohamed Magdi , Rivera Lea Carina , Mohamed Sarah , Salar Tooba , Mostafa Mostafa Reda , Najim Mostafa , Malik Muhammad Ahmed , Renjithal Sarath Lal Mannumbeth
Published: February 2023

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a form of interstitial lung disease that develops in response to acute lung injury. SARS-CoV-2 causes a wide range of lung and extrapulmonary disease, but there are few data suggesting an association between COVID-19 and OP. We describe a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed severe progressive OP with significant morbidity.
Physics in a Femto-Flash
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: February 2023

Decades of research is leading to XFELs accessible to all
Collaboration can Help Address Water Pollution
Authors: Knight Robin
Published: February 2023

Dr Robin Knight, co-founder of research facilitator IN-PART, argues that collaboration will be key to addressing fundamental issues in our water systems
Addressing the UK’S Water Crisis
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: February 2023

UK water has been making headlines recently for all the wrong reasons, with much of the country suffering under drought conditions and large stretches of coastline fouled by untreated sewage. The Engineer asked three experts in the area to give us their views.
Smart Clothes and Future Fabrics
Authors: Powell Gareth L.
Published: February 2023

With wearable sensor technology gathering pace, science fiction author, Gareth L. Powell, peeks inside the wardrobe of the future
R J Mitchell: Creator of the Spitfire
Authors: Smith Nick
Published: February 2023

Renowned for its aerodynamic sleekness, the Spitfire fighter has become an indelible icon of both the Second World War and Britain. Its designer R J Mitchell never saw it in combat
SLS Under Pressure
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: February 2023

The largest to the smallest components of NASA's Space Launch System have undergone extensive stress testing
Space on Earth
Authors: Williams Andrew
Published: February 2023

Renewed commercial interest in space is driving innovation and investment in ground-based testing facilities and equipment
See-Through Solutions
Authors: Coppinger Rob
Published: February 2023

X-ray computed tomography is increasing the size and sophistication of the parts it can investigate, expanding its potential aerospace applications
A Winter's Work
Authors: Eden Paul E
Published: February 2023

Airbus Helicopters' chief test pilot, Olivier Gensse, gives his take on the H160 test and certification program and the demands of testing helicopters in tough environments
Optical Sensation
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: February 2023

Advances in fiber-optic sensor systems are offering test engineers the opportunity to measure and record in new ways and environments
Stealthy Retirement
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: February 2023

The B-2 Spirit's phasing out from active service has been announced, but the impressive aircraft still represents the peak of the USA's technological and military prowess
F-35 checks out
Authors: Eden Paul E
Published: February 2023

The completion in April of the system development and demonstration phase of the F-35 Lightning II program provides an opportunity to look back at more than a decade of intense testing
Blade Runner
Authors: James Anthony
Published: February 2023

Meet Guy Christophe, plant manager at Safran's Istres test facility
Medical Mission
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: February 2023

The pandemic has prompted innovation among medical equipment suppliers and changes to the standards they must meet
Flexible Futures
Authors: Gray Mark
Published: February 2023

Automation can help the manufacturing industry embrace a four-day working week
Medium and Long Term Power Load Forecasting Based on Stacked-GRU
Authors: Yang Zheng , Cui Jing , Zhang Qiangjian , Yin Chunlin , Yang Li , Qiu Pengfeng , Hu Kai , Yang Junwen
Published: February 2023

Power load forecasting plays a critical role in energy economy development and distribution of power systems. Predicting medium and long term power loads have facilitated the development of power grids. In this paper, a stacked-gated recurrent unit (Stacked-GRU) is applied to establish a power load forecasting model by integrating economic factors. Meanwhile, it also conducts medium and long term power load (MLTPL) forecasting based on the power load data of Yunnan Province from 2009 to 2020. By comparing different optimizers, it is found that the Adam optimizer works the best on the Stacked-GRU architecture. In the experiment of medium and long term power load forecasting for Yunnan Province, the values of MAPE, RMSE, and MAE of the model are 9.76%, 1.412, and 1.14, respectively, all of which outperform other deep learning comparison algorithms.
Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistance isolated from cats in animal clinic at Sidoarjo District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: WARUWU YUSAC KRISTANTO KHODA , KHAIRULLAH ASWIN RAFIF , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , LUKISWANTO BAMBANG SEKTIARI , AFNANI DANIAH ASHRI , KURNIAWAN SHENDY CANADYA , SILAEN OTTO SAHAT MARTUA , RiwuRIWU KATTY HENDRIANA PRISCILIA , WIDODO AGUS , RAMANDINIANTO SANCAKA CHASYER
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Waruwu YKK, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Lukiswanto BS, Afnani DA, Kurniawan SC, Silaen OSM, Riwu KHP, Widodo A, Ramandinianto SC. 2023. Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistance isolated from cats in animal clinic at Sidoarjo District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 106-111. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the name given to the strain of bacteria that is multidrug-resistant (MDR) and resistant to ?-lactam antibiotics. Comparatively to other livestock, companion animals have been highlighted more often as potential MRSA reservoirs. This study looked for MDR and cat-derived MRSA strains in Sidoarjo. One hundred cats with nasal swabs were accessed, along with the veterinary hospital and other clinics. Samples were collected using a sterile cotton swab and buffered peptone water as the transport medium, and then identified using a microbiological standard operating procedure. On five different antibiotic discs, the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method was used to determine the S. aureus antibiotic resistance profile. As a confirmatory test for MRSA, S. aureus isolates that were resistant to cefoxitin continued to grow on Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB). Out of the seven MRSA isolates that were assumed to be MRSA, four of the seven MRSA isolates were confirmed to be MDR S. aureus. Humans and companion animals can both act as reservoirs for the recirculation of MRSA strains within the same household because cat nasal swabs resemble nosocomial MRSA and because both are more likely to get colonized than infected. It illustrated how cats might be a health risk to the public and acted as a cautionary tale about the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Plants diversity and socioecological functions of homegarden in Sundanese rural area: A case in Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: SUWARTAPRADJA OPAN S. , ISKANDAR JOHAN , ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI S. , MULYANTO DEDE , SUROSO SUROSO , NURJAMAN DEDEN , NISYAPURI FEJIH FATHIMAH
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Suwartapradja OS, Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Mulyanto D, Suroso, Nurjaman D, Nisyapuri FF. 2023. Plants diversity and socioecological functions of homegarden in Sundanese rural area: a case in Sumedang district, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 156-175. Homegarden is one of the traditional agroforestry systems in Indonesia, which is traditionally planted with various annual and perennial plants. It has provided social, economic, cultural, and ecological functions. The objective of this study is to elucidate the vegetation structure and function of the homegarden system of two groups of rural communities who are affected by the development project of Jatigede Dam, Sumedang, West Java. The first community group of residents who lost their village, their homegarden, and another agricultural land due to the Jatigede dam and settled in new resettlement provided by the local government in Cihegar Mekar Hamlet. The second community group, residents living in the neighboring Kampung Cihegar Mekar, whose settlements and homegarden were not inundated by the Jatigede Dam, but the Jatigede Dam inundated their agricultural lands. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used with an ethnobotanical approach. The results showed that the diversity of species of the homegarden of Cihegar Mekar and Ciboboko Hamlets affected by the Jatigede dam project was high. In Cihegar Hamlet, the number of species, genera, and family in 2018 and 2022 was recorded at 63 and 155, 58 and 130, and 39 and 59, respectively. While in Ciboboko, Hamlet in 2018 and 2022 recorded the number of species, genera, and family at 81 and 144, 76 and 114, and 44 and 55, respectively. These variables have significantly increased in the past 4 years (2018-2022). The residents are intensifying the cultivation of their homegarden because other agricultural land types, such as wet-rice fields, have been dramatically reduced or even lost due to inundation by the Jatigede dam. The 224 plant species found in the homegarden consist of 127 (56.70%), 30 (13.39%), 27 (12.05%), and 13 (5.80%) ornamental, fruit, vegetable, and spice species. At least 20 species and varieties (landraces) of the homegarden have been considered to fulfill the daily household need, and some surpluses are sold to obtain household income. So, the high diversity of plant species in the village homegarden has essential functions to support food security and the population well-being of those affected people of the development project of Jatigede Dam. Homegardens appear to be an important strategy for attaining the rural development program and can be accomplished with proper planning.
Improvement of morphology, biochemical characters, and molecular changes of local upland rice cv. Sidikalang M3 generation through induction of gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: NAIBAHO DUNAN , PURBA EDISON , HANAFIAH DIANA SOFIA , HASIBUAN SYAHBUDIN
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Naibaho D, Purba E, Hanafiah DS, Hasibuan S. 2023. Improvement of morphology, biochemical characters, and molecular changes of local upland rice cv. Sidikalang M3 generation through induction of gamma-ray irradiation. Biodiversitas 24: 200-207. Upland rice cultivar Sidikalang is one of the local upland red rice cultivars of North Sumatra, which has the potential to be developed. However, this rice has limited planting area due to factors such as its higher plant height and long duration compared to other rice cultivars. Plant characteristics can be improved through induced mutation using gamma-ray irradiation. This study aimed to determine gamma rays' effect on changes in morphological, biochemical, and molecular characters and to obtain a superior Sidikalang cultivar mutant plant M3 generation. Observations of morphological changes were carried out quantitatively and qualitatively, biochemical analysis (amino acid content) was done using a High Performant Liquid Chromatography analyzer, and molecular analysis was performed using Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA markers. The results showed that 600 Gy gamma-ray irradiation improved quantitative morphological characters (shorter plant height, higher number of tillers and panicles, faster panicle release age) and qualitative morphological characters (flag leaf angle in dwarf mutants became upright) compared to no irradiation. 400 Gy gamma-ray irradiation also increased almost all amino acid content compared to no irradiation. The presence of polymorphic bands in the M3 generation Sidikalang cultivar mutant plant evidenced changes in morphological and biochemical characters.
NDVI, suitability, and carrying capacity of Dieng Plateau Forests to sustain Dieng Kulon Village tourism, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: LESTARI FATMA , TUA INDRA NI , MUZANNI ADONIS , NUGROHO DANESTA FEBIANTO , WIBOWO ANDRIO A. , WARTONO TRI , WIDANARKO BAIDURI , SAEPULLAH ASEP , MODJO ROBIANA , FARIDA MIFTACHUL , ERWANDI DADAN , ARYANI DESSY DWI , KADIR ABDUL , WIDIATMOKO ANINDHITA IRSALINA , HENDRA HENDRA , HERWANTO ZICO JUNI , TEJAMAYA MILA , HAMID RIZAL ALFIANSYAH , FATMAH FATMAH , GUNAWAN EZSA LARASHATI , SETYOWATI DINA LUSIANA , HAFIDS M. FAIZIR
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Lestari F, Tua IN, Muzanni A, Nugroho DF, Wibowo AA, Wartono T, Widanarko B, Saepullah A, Modjo R, Farida M, Erwandi D, Aryani DD, Kadir A, Widiatmoko AI, Hendra, Herwanto ZJ, Tejamaya M, Hamid RA, Fatmah, Gunawan EL, Setyowati DL, Hafids MF. 2023. NDVI, suitability, and carrying capacity of Dieng Plateau Forests to sustain Dieng Kulon Village tourism. Biodiversitas 24: 282-289. Village tourism is a form of tourism that can support the conservation of an ecosystem. On the Dieng Plateau, Dieng Kulon is one of the tourism villages located in Banjarnegara district, Central Java, Indonesia. Despite the rapid growth of tourism in Dieng and its potential environmental consequences, information on tourism carrying capacity in Dieng is still limited. Here, this study aims to measure the suitability and carrying capacity of Dieng Kulon Village. The suitability for tourism is measured based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Equation was used to calculate the carrying capacity. According to the findings, forest areas with a size of 23.9% and high NDVI values ranging from 0.87 to 0.91 were deemed very suitable for birdwatching and hiking activities. Agricultural land made up nearly half of the village (57.1%) with high NDVI values (ranging from 0.36-0.86) was deemed ideal for sightseeing activities. In comparison to other types of land, agricultural land had the highest carrying capacity, followed by forest land. Agricultural land can support 84.8-155.2 people per day for sightseeing activities. Forest areas are suitable for hiking and birdwatching activities. At least 51.6 to 334.9 people per day are allowed for hiking activities. Birdwatching in the forest is limited to 3.1-19.9 people per day. To conclude, carrying capacity information is very important for managing village tourism in a sustainable manner.
Assessment of maturity stage and stability of new Indonesian melon cultivar ‘Melona’ based on ISSR markers and morphological characteristics
Authors: YUSUF ADIB FAKHRUDDIN , ALFIANI ADHESTYA , SALSABILA TANTRI AJENG SALMA , KUSNANDA PRIMA SEKTI , HIDAYATI INA NUR , DARYONO BUDI SETIADI
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Yusuf AF, Alfiyani A, Salsabila TAS, Kusnanda PS, Hidayati IN, Daryono BS. 2023. Assessment of maturity stage and stability of new Indonesian melon cultivar ‘Melona’ based on ISSR markers and morphological characteristics. Biodiversitas 24: 308-316. Market preferences for horticultural products determine the product’s selling value and absorption. One market criterion often used for the quality of horticultural products is color and maturity level. Color differences can provide a representation of the metabolites contained in a product. This study provides a standard for assessing melons' maturity level, which will be helpful as a benchmark for Indonesian consumer acceptance. In addition, this study also provides information on the stability of the character of the new cultivar 'Melona' from several generations of crosses to obtain superior cultivars. Assessment of maturity level based on color development in 'Melona' is divided into five stages. In the first and second stage, fruit was dominated by green color with Increasing fruit volume. The color change begins in the third stage. in the third stage and the following phases, there is an increase in the accumulation of beta-carotene and characterized by the dominance of orange instead of green. Maximum ripe of ‘Melona’ is characterized by strong yellow lobes, creamy-white interlobes, and orange flesh color. A molecular analysis employing four ISSR primers (UBC-807, UBC-808, UBC-811, and UBC-824) resulted in high uniformity and low genetic variation in the hybrid and parent lines genotype. Analysis resulted a total of 42 DNA fragments with only one polymorphic DNA fragment. The polymorphic DNA fragment was 2,300 bp in size and was found in the female accession 'Melona' and the hybrid 'Melona' based on the UBC-808 primer. The numerical phenetic relationship between male, female and hybrid accession melon cultivars is very close (above 97.6%) and indicated that the melona cultivars were stable.
Phenology of flowering and seed development of jernang rattan (Daemonorops spp.)
Authors: FRIDAYANTI NELLY , WIDAJATI ENY , ILYAS SATRIYAS , BUDI SRI WILARSO , PALUPI ENDAH RETNO
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Fridayanti N, Widajati E, Ilyas S, Budi SW, Palupi ER. 2023. Phenology of flowering and seed development of jernang rattan (Daemonorops spp.). Biodiversitas 24: 349-358. Jernang rattan has a high economic value due to its resin content in the exocarp, as the raw material of dyes, medicines, and cosmetics. The resin is highest in the immature fruit skin (exocarp); therefore, fruits are harvested before the seed is germinable. As a consequence, regeneration is very scarce, and the species is categorized as a rare plant. This research was aimed at investigating the flowering phenology and seed development of jernang rattan until they reach physiological maturity, when the viability and vigor are at their highest. The flowering phenology was observed based on Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie (BBCH), at the inflorescence stage, flowering stage, fruit development stage, and fruit ripening stage. The inflorescence development from flower bud until ready to bloom took 136.4 ±10.9 days for male plants and 141.6 ±16.4 days for female plants. The inflorescence of staminate flowers bloomed longer (29.4 ±2.7 days) than pistillate flowers (15.4 ± 4.0 days). Fruit abortion mostly occurs during the first six months of fruit development, coincides with the nuclear stage of endosperm, and the final seed set is 56%. It takes around 27 months of one reproduction cycle from the appearance of the inflorescence to seed maturity. The fruit reaches physiological maturity approximately at 22 MAA when the seed is of high viability and vigor, and harvesting at 22 MAA is best for seed production. It is recommended to set up a seed production area separated from the resin production area.
Assessing social capital in community forest management in the Mount Hamiding Protection Forest, North Halmahera District, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: KAILOLA JACOB , PURWANTO RIS HADI , SUMARDI SUMARDI , FAIDA LIES RAHAYU W
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Kailola J, Purwanto RH, Sumardi, Faida LRW. 2023. Assessing social capital in community forest management in the Mount Hamiding Protection Forest, North Halmahera District, North Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 431-440. The success of forest management in the context of community forestry cannot be separated from the contribution of social capital. The Mount Hamiding Protection Forest is administratively located in North Halmahera District, North Maluku Province, Indonesia, and has a high biodiversity value with endemic flora and fauna. However, the management has not shown significant impacts in enhancing the welfare of the surrounding community, and there have been forest disturbances due to anthropogenic activities and vertical conflict. Hypothetically, the high level of social capital can support sustainable forest management and improve people's welfare, yet this has not been tested in the context of Mount Hamiding Protection Forest. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the social capital in community forest management in the Mount Hamiding Protection Forest. The quantitative survey was conducted in six villages in North Halmahera District, namely Wangongira, Efi-Efi, Mamuya, Togawa, Soakonora, and Roko. The elements of social capital assessed were trust, social norms, and social networks. The results showed that the level of community trust in the study area's six villages is in the medium category. However, the trust in the internal community is high, and trust in external stakeholders is medium. The communities in the six villages have overall high social norms. The social networks are high in Togawa, Soakonora, and Roko Villages, while the remaining villages have social networks in the medium category. Generally, the community around the Mount Hamiding Protection Forest area has a moderate social capital category due to a lack of participation and trust in written rules and government institutions. Therefore, the Forest Management Unit of North Halmahera District should strengthen the community's social capital to increase knowledge and understanding of written rules, trust in institutions, and network development through organization and participation.
Cultivation of underutilized fruit trees by indigenous people in Urug Village, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ANGGRAENI ANISA , YUNIATI RATNA , SILALAHI MARINA , LESTARI RETNO , JUMARI JUMARI
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Anggraeni A, Yuniati R, Silalahi M, Lestari R, Jumari. 2023. Cultivation of underutilized fruit trees by indigenous people in Urug Village, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 454-466. Underutilized Fruit Trees (UFTs) are a group of fruit trees with high potential but underutilized. Some fruit has been identified in Urug Village, but this village was hit by a natural disaster, i.e., a flood and landslide in early 2020 that damaged the location where UFTs grew, threatening the existence of UFTs genetic resources. Therefore, a systematic and integrated effort is needed to maintain UFTs biodiversity. This study aims to discover how to cultivate UFTs by the indigenous peoples in Urug Village, document the location where UFTs grow, and analyze index vegetation using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Using the combined method of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 16 indigenous people, in-depth interviews with 19 indigenous people, and field observations, this study shows that there are 53 individuals of UFTs from 13 species found in several areas in Urug Village. Indigenous people have a unique way of cultivating UFT, starting from tree selection, preparation of planting sites, tree planting, and fruit tree care. However, more than 60% of UFT was found in the moderate vegetation index. The challenges of UFTs cultivation in Urug Village are changes in fruit consumption patterns, degradation of local knowledge, lack of information about the nutritional and vitamin content of UFTs, land use change, climate change, and the low involvement of both central and regional governments in cultivating UFTs. Thus, changes in consumer and government perceptions, and increased research on UFT are needed to address the challenges of cultivating UFT.
Limnonectes from Enggano Island (Indonesia) with comments on its taxonomic status
Authors: Gonggoli Ade Damara , Atmaja Vestidhia Yunisya , Kadafi Ahmad Muammar , Arida Evy Ayu , Hamidy Amir
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Gonggoli AD, Atmajaya VY, Kadafi AM, Arida EA, Hamidy A. 2023. Limnonectes from Enggano Island (Indonesia) with comments on its taxonomic status. Biodiversitas 24: 473-480. Limnonectes shompenorum is a fanged frog known to be distributed in the satellite islands of the western coast of Sumatra and some parts of mainland Sumatra. This frog was also recorded in Enggano Island, but the taxonomic status and morphological data information still need to be studied. Herein, we examined L. shompenorum from Enggano Island based on molecular methods using the 16S rRNA gene and redescribed its morphological characters. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using Neighbor-Joining (NJ), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Bayesian Inference (BI) analysis, and morphological measurements were taken using 23 characters. The results demonstrate that L. shompenorum is a monophyletic group and a sister taxon of L. macrodon. The monophyletic group of L. shompenorum consists of two clades (A and B) with relatively large genetic distances within the population (0.00-5.10%), representing distinct interspecific lineages. Clade A consists of the Enggano population with a genetic distance within the population of 0.00-0.48%, and clade B consists of the Mentawai Islands and Mainland Sumatra with a genetic distance within the population of 1.48-2.74%. The Enggano population is closer to the Mentawai population (2.47-2.74%) than the Sumatra population (3.52-5.10%). Our genetic data aligns with previous studies that indicate the Enggano population possibly comes from the Mentawai population. Morphologically, L. shompenorum from Enggano Island is similar to the original description, however it has consistent, distinctive characteristics by having the fourth finger longer than the second finger in females. Further research using broader molecular data, including the holotype population, is needed to confirm the taxonomic status of L. shompenorum.
The development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several varieties of maize
Authors: Nelly Novri , Hamid Hasmiandy , Lina Eka Candra , Yunisman Yunisman , Yaherwandi Yaherwandi , Putri Yelsi Dwi
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Nelly N, Hamid H, Lina EC, Yunisman, Yaherwandi, Putri YD. 2023. The development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Several varieties of maize. Biodiversitas 24: 523-530. Fall armyworm (FAW) or Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest in Indonesia that cause damage to maize (Zea mays). Farmers for animal feed mainly cultivate several varieties of maize in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to test the resistance of maize varieties to fall armyworms planted by farmers. Therefore, this research aims to determine the resistance of several observed maize varieties based on their effects on the developmental time of S. frugiperda. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. The treatments for larvae feed consisted of five maize varieties: Sukmaraga, NK-212, Pioneer 21, Bonanza F1, and Secada F1. The development length from egg to adult and life parameters in the second generation were observed. Results of the study showed that the larval and pupal stages of S. frugiperda in the Sukmaraga variety had a longer development duration than the other four varieties, with the larval stage at 20.38 days and pupae at 11.26 days. In addition, the lowest pupae weight was found in the Sukmaraga variety. The maize varieties affect the length of the larval stage and the weight of the pupae and eggs produced. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Sukmaraga is a variety causing a more prolonged larval stage and lower pupae weight than other varieties. Furthermore, the eggs produced by the second-generation female S. frugiperda adult are fewer than in different varieties.
Potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ten essential oils from East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ARYANI FARIDA , KUSUMA IRAWAN WIJAYA , MELIANA YENNY , SARI NUR MAULIDA , KUSPRADINI HARLINDA
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Aryani F, Kusuma IW, Meliana Y, Sari NM, Kuspradini H. 2023. Potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ten essential oils from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 665-672. This study aimed to evaluate ten aromatic essential oils' antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Ten aromatic herbs were distilled using the water and steam distillation method. The essential oils obtained was tested for its physical properties, color, refractive index, and specific gravity. The refractive index was measured using a refractometer. On the other hand, specific gravity was measured using a pycnometer. Antioxidant activity testing using the free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ascorbic acid was used as the control. Antibacterial activity testing using the agar diffusion method and pathogenic bacteria, namely Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control and acetone as a negative control. The results obtained essential oils with a slightly yellowish to brownish-yellow color. The highest refractive index and specific gravities were Syzygium aromaticum oil, and the smallest was Litsea elliptica and Eucalyptus pellita oils. The results of the antioxidant activity test carried out at a concentration of 500 µg/mL range from 4.82 % to 85.06 % inhibition and showed that the highest inhibition was Cymbopogon citratus and Syzygium aromaticum by 55.76 % and 85.06%, respectively. Antibacterial activity of ten essential oils showed a varied inhibition zone (0-60 mm) against S. typhi, E. coli, P. acnes, and S. aureus. The oil from Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus hystrix had the highest activity against S. typhi (60 and 21.67 mm, respectively), E. coli (60 and 20.33 mm, respectively), P. acnes (60 and 31.11 mm, respectively) and S. aureus (60 mm and 17.89 mm, respectively). The research results showed that the essential oils in this study had the potency for development as a natural antibacterial and antioxidants agents.
Introduction to the Feature Issue on Adaptive Optics for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sabesan Ramkumar , Grieve Kate , Hammer Daniel X. , Ji Na , Marcos Susana
Published: February 2023

The guest editors introduce a feature issue commemorating the 25th anniversary of adaptive optics in biomedical research.
Tomography - An Overview of the AECL Program
Authors: Allan C.J.
Published: February 2023

Tomography is a non-invasive, non-destructive technique for generating quantitative three-dimensional images of objects. While its principles were discovered decades ago it is the availability of low cost computing power that is now making it practical for wide spread use in industry.
The adiabatic elimination principle in dynamical theories
Authors: Haken H.
Published: February 2023

The adiabatic elimination principle or, more generally, the slaving principle play a crucial role in the general strategy of dealing with multicomponent systems. In physics as well as in other branches of science, as chemistry or biology, we have to deal with systems composed of many subsystems. The laser is a typical example. It consists of a great many laser active atoms and the in general quite numerous field modes within the cavity.
The Nonlinear Coherent Coupler a New Optical Logic Device
Authors: Jensen S.M.
Published: February 2023

This paper concerns a new optical logic device. This new device is a conventional coherent coupler driven with high enough input intensity so that effects nonlinear in the applied field become important. We deal with a third order nonlinearity assuming that either: the second order nonlinearity vanishes (by symmetry) or that the second order nonlinearity is phase mismatched.
Ga0.47In0.53As/InP Photoconductive Detector with High Receiver Sensitivities
Authors: Chen C. Y. , Kasper B. L. , Cox H. M.
Published: February 2023

We report a high-sensitivity Ga0.47In0.53As photoconductive detector (PCD) prepared by trichloride vapor phase epitaxy. This detector shows a receiver sensitivity better than that of a Ga0.47In0.53As pin photodiode at 1Gb/s. This study indicates that photoconductive detectors are promising candidates for applications in high data rate, long wavelength lightwave communications.
Improved substrate glass for planar waveguides by Cs-ion exchange
Authors: Ross L. , Lilienhof H.-J. , Holscher H. , Schlaak H. F. , Brandenburg A.
Published: February 2023

Preparation of high-quality optical waveguides assumes a suitable substrate and a suitable process to produce an optical structure. In the case of optical waveguides produced by ion exchange in glass, many papers have been published which describe the ion exchange with Ag+, TI+, and K+/Na+ ions in commercial glasses, such as soda lime or normal optical glasses. These ions have several disadvantages: low stability of the 1+-oxidation state (Ag); high toxicity (TI); and low refractive-index increase (K/Na).
Optimization of lens designer to manufacturer communications
Authors: Fischer Robert E.
Published: February 2023

This paper will first present the results of an industry-wide survey of the cost impact of different tolerance levels. Further, it will discuss a variety of cost driving issues from the designers point of view.
Design and Analysis of Illumination Systems
Authors: Zoechling Guenter
Published: February 2023

The luminance of a source is the key to any calculation in illumination analysis. The lambertian source is remembered to have several characteristic attributes. The illuminance at a detector element through an apertur limiting hole is shown to be independent of position and geometry of the source. This law can be extended to non-lambertian sources, when the hole is made arbitrariliy small. As a consequence the concept of 'pseudo luminance' of the hole is introduced. Inserting an optical system between hole and source leads to the final configuration under investigation. The hole is now to be understood as the pupil of the optical system including everything up to and inclusive the source. The identity of pseudo-luminance at the pupil and the original luminance of the source is of fundamental importance. Calculating the illumination at a detector element means integrating a luminance-function over the pupil. The discontinuity of this integrand at the edge of the pupil (zero outside) has strong consequencies to the performance of any quadrature-algorithm under use. Classical methods are not satisfactory for general cases where non-convex pupil areas are involved. A special numerical quadrature-scheme is outlined.
Linearized Ray-Trace Analysis
Authors: Redding D.C. , Breckenridge W.G.
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a new linearized ray-trace technique for analysis of general optical beam trains, developed for integrated structures/optics/controls design of spaceborne optical instruments. Computer routines based on our approach are fast enough to be executed in-line as part of a spacecraft dynamic simulation or as part of a real-time controller. We recast the standard exact ray-trace problem into a coordinate-free matrix form. Perturbation analysis yields closed- form expressions for optical sensitivity matrices.
Status and Future of Polymeric Materials in Imaging Systems
Authors: Lytle John
Published: February 2023

Though the fundamental mathematical relationships describing optical image formation are equally valid for either glass or polymeric materials, differences in optical constants, physical properties, and basic chemistry may constitute attributes or liabilities, depending upon the application.
Laser ablation and fiber-optic damage thresholds for laser angioplasty
Authors: Grundfest Warren S. , Litvack Frank , Goldenberg Tsvi , Doyle Lynn , Pacala Tom , Laudenslager James , Forrester James
Published: February 2023

Effective pulsed laser angioplasty requires fiber-optic delivery of sufficient energy to remove calcified atheroma without damaging the fiber-optic waveguide. Therefore we studied the ablation thresholds at 532, 355, 308, and 266 nm to define the optimal wavelength for both fiber-optic transmission and tissue removal. To establish tissue ablation thresholds, we recorded the number of pulses to perforation in 788 segments of human atherosclerotic cadaver aorta. 108 sections were stained with hematoxalyn and eosin and occular micrometry was used to evaluate both blast and thermal injury. Ablation threshold for tissue was defined as the minimum energy required to ablate a 1-mm crater with 2000 pulses. Ablation threshold for 532 nm was achieved at 70 mJ/mm2 but this wavelength was ineffective against calcified plaque. Ablation thresholds for 355, 308, and 266 were 15, 5, and < 5 mJ/mm2, respectively. As energy density increased above ablation thresholds the number of pulses to perforate any given segment decreased asymptotically to a minimum number. Beyond this point thermal injury to the tissue occurred. To study fiber-optic damage thresholds we varied the power density of a 308-nm excimer laser. Fiber-optics were destoryed by 10-ns pulses at all ablation thresholds. In contrast, by employing a magnetically switched excimer laser, operating at 150 ns, it was possible to transmit 100 mJ/mm2 through a 5-m long 600-μm core fiber-optic waveguide. This energy was sufficient to recanalize four totally obstructed canine femoral arteries without perforation. We conclude that the ablation threshold for atheroma is lower in the ultraviolet than in the visible. Therefore magnetic switched excimer lasers with pulse durations in excess of 100 ns offer the best source for pulsed angioplasty.
Optical Designs for Stereomicroscopes
Authors: Zimmer Klaus-Peter
Published: February 2023

Stereoscopy is a fascinating ability of the human vision, in which the three-dimensional seeing results from the brain’s processing of two slightly different images formed on the retinas of both eyes. Stereomicroscopes have the advantage of permitting stereoscopic observation through magnifying instruments.
How to design and tolerance with GRADIUM® glass
Authors: Hunter Boyd V. , Walters Bill
Published: February 2023

The potential of axial-gradient optics has been realized for decades. For many years, the potential of axial-gradients was academic, since the material was either not available or available in very restricted thicknesses and formulations. In 1996, LightPath Technologies did a public stock offering to finance the commercialization of its patented technology for producing axial-gradient glass, known under the registered trademark of GRADIUM® glass. These glasses, the GSF family, have similar chemical, mechanical and dispersive properties to homogeneous SF glasses and were initially produced in finished thicknesses up to 14.7 mm.
A New Method for Measuring Parallel Waveguide Directional Coupler Parameters
Authors: Standley R. D. , Ramaswamy V.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present a new method for measuring the parameters of parallel coupled waveguides. Basically the method consists of observation of the inter action length dependance of the coupling via radiation pattern measurements; the radiation patterns are obtained by moving a high refractive index coupling prism along the coupled guides.