bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPLINE QUASI-INTERPOLATION NUMERICAL METHODS FOR INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH WEAKLY SINGULAR KERNELS
Authors: Saou Abdelmonaim , Sbibih Driss , Tahrichi Mohamed , Barrera Domingo
Published: May 2024

In this work, we introduce a numerical approach that utilizes spline quasi-interpolation operators over a bounded interval. This method is designed to provide a numerical solution for a class of Fredholm integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels. We outline the computational components involved in determining the approximate solution and provide theoretical findings regarding the convergence rate. This convergence rate is analyzed in relation to both the degree of the quasi-interpolant and the grading exponent of the graded grid partition. Finally, we present numerical experiments that validate the theoretical findings.
DART Impact Ejecta Plume Evolution: Implications for Dimorphos
Authors: Cheng Andrew F. , Raducan S. D. , Jutzi M. , Farnham T. L. , Dotto E. , Della Corte V. , Mazzotta Epifani E. , Rossi A. , Gai I. , Deshapriya J. , Hasselmann P. , Bertini I. , Zinzi A. , Ivanovski S. , Brucato J. , Poggiali Giovanni , Lucchetti A. , Pajola M. , Zanotti G. , Amoroso M. , Capannolo A. , Cremonese G. , Dall’Ora M. , Ieva S. , Impresario G. , Lavagna M. , Modenini D. , Palumbo P. , Perna D. , Pirrotta S. , Tortora P. , Zannoni M.
Published: May 2024

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted the moon Dimorphos of the [65803] Didymos binary system and changed the binary orbit period, demonstrating asteroid deflection by a kinetic impact and indicating that more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos by escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Images of the DART impact ejecta plume were obtained by the Light Italian cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) in the first few minutes after the DART impact. The ejecta plume imaged by LICIACube 158 s after the DART impact prior to closest approach shows no evidence for plume clearing at low altitude. The ejecta plume imaged 175 s after the DART impact is optically thick up to projected altitudes of 200 m above the surface of Dimorphos. These observations are compared with models of the impact ejecta plume optical depth, structure, and evolution, which are developed from point-source scaling models fitted to numerical simulations of the DART impact into a rubble pile Dimorphos with different material strengths. The observations of the impact plume optical depth and the high momentum transfer from the DART impact are not consistent with impact and ejecta plume models assuming the Dimorphos cohesive strength to be as high as 5000 Pa. Models with 5 and 50 Pa Dimorphos cohesive strength provide the overall best consistency with plume opacity observations and high momentum transfer.
A new species of Mexicope Hooker, 1985 (Crustacea, Isopoda) — the first record of Acanthaspidiidae Menzies, 1962 from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Riehl Torben , Schienbein Katharina , Mifsud Constantine
Published: May 2024

The marine isopod family Acanthaspidiidae Menzies, 1962 (Asellota, Janiroidea) has global distribution from shelf to hadal depth. The majority of species has been recorded from relatively deep waters and the Southern Hemisphere. To date, 36 species have been described in the family belonging to three genera: Ianthopsis Beddard, 1886; Iolanthe Beddard, 1886; and Mexicope Hooker, 1985.

Here, a new species of Mexicope is described from Maltese waters, adding a fourth species to the genus. It is the first member of the family reported from the Mediterranean Sea. The new species can be recognised by the unique combination of the following characters: cephalothorax with pre-ocular spine large and pointed anterolaterally, rostral projection blunt, eyes reduced; pereonal sternites each with one ventral spine; pereonite two lateral margins with single projection; pleotelson posterior apex long, projecting to approximately half of the length of the uropod protopod; pleopods I distolateral lobes projecting beyond distomedial lobes, apices curved and pointed laterally; uropod exopod length approximately 0.5 endopod length. An identification key to the species of Mexicope is presented and the generic diagnoses of Ianthopsis and Mexicope are compared, discussed and revised.
Environmental disclosure analysis of manufacturing companies to realize sustainable green economy
Authors: Sunani Avi , Widodo Ulfa Puspa Wanti , Wijaya R. Muh. Syah Arief Atmaja , Kirana Nanda Wahyu Indah
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Environmental sustainability is a critical issue for many countries, including Indonesia, whose economy is heavily reliant on natural resource extraction. Profitability, liquidity, capital structure, and environmental performance are investigated as potential factors of environmental disclosure in the Indonesian context.Design/methodology/approach: Data from a final sample of 235 observations of manufacturing industries were collected and analyzed using a partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).Findings: The findings reveal that profitability, liquidity, capital structure, and environmental performance all have a role in motivating corporations to disclose their environmental responsibilities. This is because environmental disclosure can be utilized to attract new potential investors. As a result, the higher the score for environmental performance, the greater the voluntary effect of environmental disclosure.Research limitations/implications: This research is not devoid of limitations. First, this study is limited to manufacturing firms in Indonesia. Second, this research only uses a single proxy of measurement. Thus, further research might utilize more sample firms from multiple countries or provide a comparative study between firms that adopt sustainability reporting. Hence, the implication might apply to sustainability reporting-adopted countries, and it might apply not only to emerging countries but also to developed countries. Further research is expected to use more measurements of environmental performance and environmental disclosure so that the result is more robust and has more impact. Moreover, utilizing alternative statistical methods can help validate the results of this study and reinforce the relevant theories.Practical implications: This research recommends that businesses should view environmental sustainability as a chance to make a positive impact on a more sustainable world for the "well-being of humans as well as the planet" while also improving their financial performance. Businesses that adopt socially and sustainably responsible business practices are likely to see improvements in their financial performance as well as increased credibility and confidence from important stakeholders.Social Implications: Eco-friendly products desired by consumers can be achieved through the combined influence of financial and environmental performance.Originality/value: The incorporation of an unbiased evaluation carried out by an external organization, together with the transparent distribution of outcomes utilizing a five-color rating scheme (PROPER), provides significant contributions to the current corpus of knowledge.
Improvements of EEG Signal Quality: A Hybrid Method of Blind Source Separation and Variational Mode Destruction to Reduce Artifacts
Authors: Massar Hamza , Drissi Taoufiq Belhoussine , Nsiri Benayad , Miyara Mounia
Published: May 2024

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a crucial tool for studying brain activity; yet it frequently encounters artifacts that distort meaningful neural signals. This paper addresses the challenge of artifact removal through a unique hybrid method, combining Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) techniques with Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithms. VMD, recognized for its adaptability to non-linear and non-stationary EEG data, as well as its ability to alleviate mode mixing and the “endpoint effect,” which serves as an effective preprocessing step. The paper evaluates the performance of two integrated BSS algorithms, AMICA and AMUSE, across various criteria. Comparisons across metrics such as Euclidean distance, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Root Mean Square Error reveal similar performance between AMICA and AMUSE. However, a distinct divergence is evident in the Signal to Artifact Ratio (SAR). When employed with VMD, AMICA demonstrates superiority in effectively discerning and segregating brain signals from artifacts, which gives a mean value of 1.0924. This study introduces a potent hybrid VMDBSS approach for enhancing EEG signal quality. The findings emphasize the notable impact of AMICA, particularly in achieving optimal results in artifact removal, as indicated by its superior performance in SAR. The abstract concludes by underlining the significance of these results, emphasizing AMICA’s pivotal role in achieving the highest measurable evaluation value, making it a compelling choice for researchers and practitioners in EEG signal processing.
Application of Computer Vision Techniques to Study the Relationship between Mental Stress and Pupil Diameter among Student Population
Authors: Moharana Laxmipriya , Das Niva , Routray Aurobinda
Published: May 2024

Stress is a state of mental tension, which helps us to cope with challenges in our life. It makes us progressive when it is positive, but excessive negative stress that perseveres for a long time leads to a state of depressiveness. Longer stressed stage of a human being changes the size, functionality and frequency of response of many internal and external body parameters. By applying computer vision techniques, these changes of body parameters can be tracked to get useful information about the mental stress for a stress affected person. Many studies show the pupil diameter varies significantly with the effect of stress. Our work is based on the study of variation of pupil diameters of stress affected and not affected university students. With the application of different supervised machine learning algorithms, we have observed that the pupil dilates more in case of stress affected students than non-stressed students. We have also found that the pupils of the students dilates more when they were in positive emotional states than their negative emotional states. This work will be helpful for researchers who are working in the field of emotion detection and recognition and affective disorder analysis.
Advances in Marketing Innovation to Enhance Resilience in the Wine Industry in Mexico
Authors: Cota-Cota Creta , Cabrera-Flores Mayer , León-Pozo Alicia , Peris-Ortiz Marta
Published: May 2024

The socioeconomic context poses challenges that threaten the economic sustainability of various productive sectors, such as viticulture. In this regard, Valle de Guadalupe in Mexico has experienced exponential growth in the number of its wineries, posing a threat of deterioration of terroir, considering the limited natural resources typical of semi-arid ecosystems. As a result, the competitiveness of the industry is also constrained. In this context, a strategy based on the production of high-end wines, accompanied by marketing strategies that promote the creation of innovative brands, is one possible response to resilience in the sector. This research conducts a diagnosis of innovation by wineries and its impact on their marketing strategies across the four Ps. It is a descriptive study with a sample of 37 wine-producing companies associated with Provino de Ensenada. These analysis results conclude that in the Valle de Guadalupe´s wineries the product and promotion factor shows increase in their innovations, while in the price and place factor, it was found that companies do not innovate.
Evolution of Research on Green Innovation in the Wine Industry
Authors: Carchano Marcos , Carrasco Inmaculada , González Ángela
Published: May 2024

Green innovation has been recognized as a crucial element in achieving sustainable development, capturing the interest of researchers and professionals. This has led to a significant number of publications analyzing how green innovation can reduce the environmental impact of business activities. Simultaneously, the negative impact of climate change on wine production has pushed wineries to shift their practices towards more sustainable production models. The main aim of this study is to analyze the scientific state, trends, and gaps in the field of green innovation in the wine industry. To achieve this goal, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software. The results indicate that sustainability has attracted considerable attention in the wine industry in the last three years. Specifically, green innovation has been studied as a vehicle to improve the environmental performance of this sector. Moreover, the results provide a comprehensive overview of the current situation in the field, serving as a valuable starting point for future research.
Factors for Consumers to Contemplate Regarding the Adoption of Eco-Friendly Packaging
Authors: Kaur Uttam , Siddhey Prashant Kumar
Published: May 2024

The rising adoption of environmentally friendly development principles at different levels in industrial and organizational platforms has coincided with the evolution of packaging sustainability ideas. Several obstacles, including intricate value chains and unfavorable customer perceptions stemming from the financial, societal, and ecological implications of sustainable practices, may dissuade businesses from adopting more environmentally friendly packaging. Packages with increased sustainability could thus never reach the market. However, initiatives that encourage a favorable customer perception towards environmentally friendly packaging can inspire the next generation of environmentally friendly alternatives. In addition to identifying study gaps and possibilities for customer study, the work's objectives include reviewing existing practices, variables influencing environmental behavior, and customer testing techniques. It also suggests tactics for stakeholders to effectively convey package sustainability to customers.
The Music of Wine
Authors: Gómez-Ullate Martín , Gonçalves Gerardo Vidal
Published: May 2024

In many regions of Spain and Portugal, wine is still not very profitable for winegrowers who barely recover the economic and human capital inputs dedicated throughout the year to each harvest. The economic logic of the market is rapidly transforming this landscape and heritage in more and more regions, promoting the mechanization of viticulture for the sake of productivity, giving priority above all to the volume of grapes obtained and the reduction of production costs. In this sense, goblet vines and low vines are giving way to trellising, and the latter to harvesting machinery. However, the value of vine cultivation and winemaking goes far beyond economic profitability as an inseparable part of the cultural landscape and Mediterranean cultures. This chapter delves into cases of good practices for wine tourism and the enormous wealth of the musical heritage and, in general, the intangible cultural heritage (sayings, customs, traditions, agrarian and culinary traditions) surrounding wine.
Study of the Physic-Mechanical Properties of a Typha Concrete Composites: A Possible New Material for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Elhaj-Maham El Moustapha , Diouf Babacar , Ly El Hadji Babacar , Manga Moise
Published: May 2024

Natural fibers have garnered considerable attention from researchers and academics alike due to their eco-friendly nature and sustainability. These fibers are being explored for their potential use in polymer composites. The use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly increasing in both industrial and fundamental research applications due to their renewable, low, and biodegradable properties. In order to reduce the CO2 emissions, the building energy consumption and preserve the natural sand. The present study involved conducting an analysis of the results obtained from the experimental investigation where five mixtures of typha fiber sand, and cement (MHC0, MHC5, MHC10, MHC15 and MHC20)) were utilized to make Typha-concrete. The experimental mixtures being examined and the results indicate that the density of the samples diminishes in proportion to the incorporation of typha fiber, while the thermal conductivity is enhanced. In addition, the characteristics of lightweight structures can be attributed to the generated specimens, which have been determined by their documented compressive strength. Based on the results of RILEM's functional classification analysis, it can be concluded that Typha-concrete meets the mechanical and thermal requirements of construction materials, making it a feasible option for both structural and insulating concrete applications.
The Effect of Friction Stir Weld (FSW) Process Parameters on Tensile Strength, Macro Structure, and Hardness in Results of AA7075 Butt Joints
Authors: Ardiansyah Muhammad Fahmi , Safitri Laksita Aji , Rupajati Pathya , Baskoro Ario Sunar
Published: May 2024

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an innovative technique that enhances the conventional method of joining metals. Notably ecofriendly due to its energy efficiency, FSW involves minimal energy input, reduces pollution, and saves time and costs. It finds applications in diverse sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and industry. Each material requires specific process parameters, which leads to this study focusing on identifying suitable parameters for AA7075 aluminum with a 6mm thickness. Using a tool featuring a tapered cylindrical thread pin and a flat shoulder, the study aims to investigate the influence of FSW process parameters, rotation speed, and traverse speed on the mechanical strength of butt joint connections. The study's experimental design varies these parameters and evaluates the joints through tensile strength testing, hardness testing, and macrostructural analysis. Utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the data highlights the impact of rotation and traverse speed on tensile strength. Hardness test results present variations within heat zones, analyzing the effects of the mentioned variables. The findings demonstrate minimal flash and successful surface outcomes but also identify wormholes within the stir zone (SZ). Tensile strength testing reveals a definite correlation between RPM and traverse speed with joint strength. In contrast, hardness testing indicates that these parameters do not significantly affect joint hardness. Macrostructure examination suggests RPM and traverse speed have negligible effects on the heat-affected zone. In conclusion, FSW presents a sustainable and effective welding approach with implications for multiple industries, and this research provides insights into optimizing its parameters for specific aluminum materials.
Comparative Analysis of Tenecteplase versus Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multicentric Observational Study from Eastern India
Authors: Dutta Arpan , Gupta Subhadeep , Chakraborty Uddalak , Mondal Chayan , Banerjee Soumozit , Das Deep , Jatua Sanat K. , Chakrabarty Susanta , Misra Samiran , Bhattacharya Jishnu , Datta Samir K. , Ghosh Somnath , Sanyal Debasish , Sarkar Arnab , Ray Biman K.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Tenecteplase is used as an alternative to alteplase and is considered noninferior for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives:

To compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of tenecteplase and alteplase in the real-world management of acute ischemic stroke.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective observational study, we collected data from acute ischemic stroke patients admitted in six hospitals in West Bengal, India, and were thrombolysed with tenecteplase or alteplase between July 2021 and June 2022. Demographic data, baseline parameters, hospital course, and 3-month follow-up data were collected. The percentage of patients achieving a score of 0–2 in the modified Ranking scale at 3 months, rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and all-cause mortality within 3 months were the main parameters of comparison between the two thrombolytic agents.

Results:

A total of 162 patients were initially included in this study. Eight patients were excluded due to unavailability of follow-up data. Among the remaining patients, 71 patients received tenecteplase and 83 patients received alteplase. There was no statistically significant difference between tenecteplase and alteplase with respect to the percentage of patients achieving functional independence (modified Rankin scale score 0–2) at 3 months (53.5% vs. 60.2%, P = 0.706), rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (5.6% vs. 10.8%, P = 0.246), and all-cause mortality at 3 months (11.3% vs. 15.7%, P = 0.628).

Conclusion:

The effectiveness of tenecteplase is comparable to alteplase in the real-world management of acute ischemic stroke. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and all-cause mortality rates are also similar in real-world practice.
A Comparative Analysis of Quality of Life in Children Managed for Omphalocele and Gastroschisis
Authors: Kapapa Melanie , Rieg Teresa , Serra Alexandre
Published: May 2024

Background:

Evaluation of quality of life (QoL) in paediatric surgical patients has not always received enough attention in the past. Our aim was to follow up patients with abdominal wall defects for a decade and (1) to analyse children’s view on QoL and to analyse parent’s view on QoL, (2) to evaluate satisfaction and psychological problems, (3) to assess present complaints including subjective aspects such as food intake, reduced appetite, pain in scar area and general abdominal pain and (4) verifiable clinical symptoms assessed through a physical examination and ultrasound. It was hypothesised that QoL would differ from gastroschisis (GS) and omphalocele (OC) children depending on the type of abdominal wall defect.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective case–control design was used to compare children with GS (n = 36) and OC (n = 18). A clinical examination, including abdominal inspection, palpation and auscultation of bowel sounds with abdominal ultrasound, was offered, combined with a structured interview and specific QoL questionnaire (KINDL
®
). The focus was on QoL, child development, present complaints and satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome.

Results:

During clinical examinations with ultrasound, GS children were significantly more likely to have bowel loops stuck at the scar area (P = 0.008) with bowel malrotation and abnormal appendix position, compared to OC children (P = 0.037). They were significantly more likely to report irregular stools (P = 0.02) but were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome of the abdominal skin scar in 81% of cases. The KINDL® evaluation showed in the dimensions of QoL, namely ‘body awareness’, ‘mental health’, ‘self-esteem’, ‘family’, ‘friends’ and ‘school’, that there were no significant differences to healthy children. OC/GS parents were satisfied with their children’s physical development and QoL, noting no limitations in normal daily activities. Parents of OC children reported suffering from OC/GS-associated problems (P = 0.028) at the time point of interview.

Conclusion:

Subjective QoL did not differ significantly between OC and GS children. The satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome of the abdominal skin scar was good. On ultrasound examination, adherent bowel loops and bowel malrotation with resulting stool irregularities affect GS children. OC children’s parents reported suffering from OC/OS-associated problems, and all parents need to be educated about the symptoms of recurrent sub-ileus events or atypical appendicitis.
Ultra-wide field indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Akilesh MS , Kumar Vinod , Sinha Ayushi , Azad Shorya , Chawla Rohan , Vohra Rajpal , Venkatesh Pradeep
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

To study ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) patterns in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken on 30 patients aged 20 to 60 years with CSC at the retina clinic of a tertiary care center. Of them, 43 eyes were affected by CSC, whereas 17 eyes were unaffected as the bilateral disease was observed in 13 patients. All patients were evaluated for best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, detailed slit-lamp bio-microscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, ultra-widefield imaging for pseudo color photograph, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and ICGA, and macular swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) characteristics.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 41.43 ± 8.81 years (range: 25-59 years). The median log MAR visual acuity in CSC eyes was 0.30 (range: 0.17–1.0), whereas it was 0 in non-CSC fellow eyes (P< 0.001). Pachy-vessels and late hyperpermeability on ultra-widefield ICGA were observed in all eyes. Vortex vein anastomosis was present in 93% of the affected eyes versus 88.2% in unaffected fellow eyes (P= 0.61). Disc and posterior poles were the sites of the maximum number of anastomoses in both affected and unaffected eyes (P= 0.77). Asymmetry in vortex vein drainage of the macula was present in 88.4% of affected eyes and 88.2% of unaffected eyes.

Conclusion:

Studying the ICGA findings in CSC patients emphasized the role of choroidal circulation in pathogenesis as Pachy vessels were observed in all eyes affected with CSC and even fellow eyes of patients. Vortex vein anastomosis around the disc or posterior pole and asymmetric drainage from the macula were noted and could be contributing to CSC pathology.
Serum vitamin D levels in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis – A study from a tertiary care pediatric hospital of North India
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Sharma Shikha , Singh Rahul
Published: May 2024

Background:

To study the levels of vitamin D serum levels in children with vernal keratoconjuctivits (VKC) and comparing vitamin D levels in after giving vitamin D supplements between intervention and control group.

Methods:

The study was conducted in population between 1 to 12 years in tertiary care hospital in North India. Amongst children with VKC, full ocular examination along with Boninis clinical grading of VKC and serum vitamin D levels were assessed. Whole study group was randomly divided into two groups. Intervention group had received vitamin D powder while control group kept under observation.

Results:

A total of 88 children received vitamin D supplementation and 39 kept in control group.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that children in intervention group showed improvement in serum vitamin D levels with the clinical improvement in VKC grading too.
Can silver diamine fluoride be an alternative to aerosol-based dentistry during the COVID scenario? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Singhal Ruchi , Singhal Parul , Namdev Ritu , Negi Shefali
Published: May 2024

Background:

Restrictions on routine dental procedures involving aerosols during COVID-19 have resulted in a significant increase in the suffering of pediatric patients.

Aim:

The study reported the alternative measures followed in our department using SDF during the COVID era when routine elective dental procedures were prohibited.

Materials and Methods:

The retrospective data of patients aged 2–13 years with carious molar teeth who were treated with silver diamine fluoride without (Group 1) or with (Group 2) caries excavation were collected.

Results:

One thousand and seventy-two patients (646 males and 426 females) with 2459 carious molar were treated. On follow-up assessment at 3 months, 28 teeth in Group 1 and 21 teeth in Group 2 showed progression of carious lesion using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II criteria). Out of these failure cases, 32 (1.8%) teeth were primary and 17 (2.5%) were permanent. Complete relief in sensitivity/pain on stimulation was reported in 2381 teeth (96.83%), whereas in 78 (3.17%) teeth, mild sensitivity/pain on stimulation was reported. The average time consumed during treatment per tooth in Group 1 was 5.04 min and in Group 2 was 5.78 min.

Conclusion:

SDF application can be carried out as a nonaerosol-generating procedure and is a simple technique for children and clinicians.
Clinical evaluation of bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer and giomer in restoring primary molars
Authors: Deepika UdayaKumar , Sahoo Prasanna Kumar , Dash Jayanta Kumar , Baliarsingh Ratna Renu , Ray Prayas , Sharma Gaurav
Published: May 2024

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of two restorative materials – bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer (ACTIVA BioACTIVE restorative) and giomer hybrid composite (Beautifil Flow Plus) in restoring class I carious primary molars.

Materials and Methods:

The split-mouth randomized controlled study was conducted on 100 primary molars from 50 children (28 – males, 22 – females) from 50 children in age range of 5-9 years (Mean-7.29±1.34) with at least two occlusal carious lesions on either maxillary or mandibular primary molars. Each child had both the control and the experimental teeth restored with respective restorative materials, Group I (Control, n = 50) → Giomer, Group II (Experimental, n = 50) → Bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer. The restorations were evaluated by two independent investigators using modified United State Public Health Service criteria at immediate postoperative, 6 months, and 12 months. The Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis after collecting the data.

Results:

At the 12-month follow-up, 33 children (66 teeth) reported with an attrition rate of 33%. The color match between the groups was not statistically significant at all intervals. The marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, anatomic form, and retention had no significant difference at 6 months. But at 12 months, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with p value of 0.04,<0.001,<0.02 and <0.001 respectively. respectively. At 12 months, there was no postoperative sensitivity in both groups.

Conclusion:

Bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer with enhanced properties can be used as an effective restorative material, especially in children with excessive salivation.
The effect of acid concentration and etch time on morphology and tensile bond strength of primary dentin
Authors: Satish Kirthana , Nayak Rashmi , Ginjupalli Kishore , Balagopal Shwetha
Published: May 2024

Background:

There are conflicting results concerning the ideal time for etching primary dentin and its effect on the bond strength of adhesive restorative materials.

Aim:

To assess in vitro, the effect of varied acid concentration and etch time on the morphological features and tensile bond strength of primary dentin.

Materials and Methods:

Forty healthy primary molars were prepared by exposing the dentin of the occlusal surface, creating a smear layer. A 3 mm × 3 mm test indow was demarcated, and specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10): Group 1A 10% phosphoric acid, 7 s; Group 1B 10% phosphoric acid, 15 s; Group 2A 37% phosphoric acid, 7 s and Group 2B 37% phosphoric acid, 15 s. Surface analysis was done using atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. For tensile bond strength evaluation, 24 specimens prepared as mentioned were mounted in acrylic blocks and allocated to four groups according to the prescribed etching protocol. Resin rods were bonded and tested in tension after 24 h (n = 6). Data were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test.

Results:

Etching of primary dentin using 37% phosphoric acid for 7 s produced the highest tensile bond strength of 9.51 ± 2.19 MPa.

Conclusion:

Etching time of 7 s may improve the adhesion of resin restorative materials with primary dentin.
An in vivo comparative clinical and radiographic evaluation of a mixture of zinc oxide–Ocimum sanctum extract, zinc oxide–ozonated oil, and zinc oxide–eugenol as obturating materials in primary molars
Authors: Vachhani Krishnaben , Rao Dinesh , Panwar Sunil , Gupta Surabhi
Published: May 2024

Background:

To overcome some of the disadvantages of the current primary root canal obturating materials, there is a continued interest in search for chemical compounds with broader and more effective antibacterial action and less cytotoxicity.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate and compare in vivo the clinical and radiographic success of mixtures of zinc oxide–Ocimum
sanctum extract, zinc oxide–ozonated oil, and zinc oxide–eugenol (ZOE) as obturating materials in pulpectomy of primary molars.

Settings and Design:

This was an in vivo randomized controlled clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety primary molars selected were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was obturated with zinc oxide–O. sanctum extract, Group B with zinc oxide–ozonated oil, and Group C with ZOE. All the groups were evaluated for success or failure based on clinical and radiographic criteria at the end of 1, 6, and 12 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The intra- and inter-examiner reliability of the first and the second co-investigators was calculated by Cohen’s kappa statistic. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, P ≤ 0.05 (indicates statistical significance).

Results:

By the end of 12 months, the overall clinical success rate was 88%, 95.7%, and 90.9% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively; whereas the radiographic success rate was found to be 80%, 91.3%, and 86.4% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the overall success rates of all the three obturating materials, the following order of performance can be concluded: zinc oxide–ozonated oil > ZOE > zinc oxide–O. sanctum extract.
Modifications of behavior management strategies pre- and post-covid-19 scenario
Authors: Meghpara Mili , Marwah Nikhil , Sharma Yashi , Paliwal Archana , Godhani Shubham
Published: May 2024

Background:

COVID-19 presented a unique scenario among children, specifically all over the world. The children had decrease outdoors activities and learning times, increased use of electronic gadgets and changes in sleep patterns. These altered behavior patterns of children directly influenced their behavior in the dental operatory. This coupled with the stringent protocols of COVID-19, made the behavior management of children a tedious task. However, as they say that necessity is the mother of all inventions, the pediatric dentist took this time to evaluate newer methods of behavior management and modified old strategies with newer modifications.

Aim:

The main aim of this study was to observe the modifications in behavior management strategies among pediatric dentists in the post-COVID-19 era while managing the child in dental operatory.

Materials and Methods:

Four hundred pediatric dentists were mailed a questionnaire consisting of 24 open and closed-ended questions consisting of personal data, professional information, and questions regarding various behavior management techniques used by them in pre- and post-COVID-19 era. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 26.0, IBM, and a comparison of frequencies of categories of variables with groups was made using Chi-Square test and McNemar test.

Results:

The results showed that there were statistically highly significant changes in behavior management strategies pre- and post-COVID-19 scenario with P < 0.01.

Conclusion:

Conventional techniques like Tell-Show-Do were popular in both pre- and post-COVID-19 times with minor modifications in approach, but conscious sedation and distraction techniques were evaluated to have gained more popularity in the post-COVID-19 times along with exploration of new novel techniques.
A clinical and radiographic comparative evaluation of custom-made zirconia crowns using CAD-CAM and stainless steel crowns in primary molars
Authors: Prabhu Deepika , Anantharaj A. , Praveen P. , Rani S. Prathibha , Sudhir R.
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim of Study:

Early childhood caries is a multifactorial disease process affecting children below 71 months of age and continues to be a global health problem. Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are widely used and are very popular in pediatric dentistry due to its superiority and durability when compared with multisurface amalgam restorations. However, one of the major disadvantages with these crowns is the poor esthetics. Parents often request for a more esthetic alternative to the SSC. Zirconia crowns are one of the tooth-colored full crown restorations currently available for use in primary teeth. These are available as both preformed and custom-made crowns and show excellent esthetics. However, these require extensive tooth preparation with a subgingival finish lines, which would cause gingival trauma and bleeding during the preparation. The present study uses intraoral scanners for making the custom-made zirconia crowns, which will avoid the conventional impressions. Currently, there are no studies available in pediatric dentistry regarding CAD-CAM crowns. Hence, there is a need for the study.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to clinically evaluate the performance of preformed SSCs and custom-made zirconia crowns in primary molars. To elicit parental and patient satisfaction with respect to preformed SSCs and custom made zirconia crowns and to radiographically compare the interproximal bone height for 1 year.

Methods:

The patients were selected with purposive sampling. The tooth of interest was prepared according to the crown it would receive. The upper and the lower arch of the tooth receiving custom-made zirconia crown was scanned using an intraoral scanner. The crowns were cemented using Type 1 glass ionomer cement (GIC) (SSC) and resin modified GIC (custom-made zirconia crown). After the crown placement, the patient and the parent's satisfaction was scaled regarding the time taken, comfort, cost of crown, appearance of crown, etc., using a 5-point Likert scale. A baseline radiograph was taken after crown placement. The patient was recalled every 3 months till 1 year for evaluation (loss of retention, loss of proximal contact, gingival inflammation, opposing tooth wear, and marginal integrity). At the end of 1 year, radiographs were taken to check the interproximal bone.

Results:

After 1 year evaluation of custom-made zirconia crowns and preformed SSCs in primary molars, it was shown that both SSC and zirconia crowns showed good gingival scores but zirconia crown was better than SSC in improving the gingival health. SSCs showed better results with respect to the opposing tooth wear and marginal adaptability. Parents as well as patients preferred a tooth-colored crown as a treatment option.

Conclusion:

Custom-made zirconia crowns are comparable to the preformed SSCs and they show better gingival scores and excellent color match.
Evaluation of three different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions
Authors: Mehta Divya Vijay , Siddaiah Shakuntala B
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Demineralization can be arrested or reversed when remineralization agents are applied to incipient carious or noncavitated carious lesions. A large number of therapeutic agents, including nonfluoridated products, have been developed to promote enamel remineralization. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions.

Materials and Methods:

The present in vitro study was conducted on 75 sound premolars divided into three groups of normal, demineralized (n = 15 each), and remineralized teeth (n = 45). The remineralized teeth were further subdivided into three groups (n = 15) as remineralized with 2% sodium fluoride (NaF), 2% NaF, and Psoralea corylifolia (bakuchi) and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Specimens of each group were treated with the above-mentioned remineralizing agents and then subjected to Vickers hardness number (VHN), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) for further evaluation.

Results:

The test results showed significantly the highest VHN and the emission peak of elements under the EDX test, such as calcium, phosphorous, oxygen, and fluorine with remineralized with NaF + bakuchi. MAS-NMR spectra showed fluorine and phosphorous peak in a group with NaF + bakuchi indicative of the increase in remineralization. NaF + bakuchi showed effective results in VHN, SEM-EDX, and MAS-NMR with no antagonist interaction.

Conclusion:

Thus, P. Corylifolia presents an advantage in enhancing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization for early carious lesions and can be used as a herbal extract for effective reduction in pathogenic bacteria.
Comparison of Dental Caries Experience and Salivary Parameters Among Children with Down Syndrome and Healthy Controls in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Anandan Sujatha , Lakshminarayan Nagesh , Nagappa Karibasappa Gundabaktharu
Published: May 2024

Background:

Although there have been numerous studies on dental caries in children with Down syndrome, the reports are conflicting. Studies on salivary chemical composition of children with Down syndrome are limited.

Aim:

The study aims to evaluate and compare the dental caries experience, salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid in children with Down syndrome and healthy controls.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

Forty subjects with Down syndrome aged 5–18 years fulfilling the eligibility criteria from six special schools were selected by snowball sampling. Sixty healthy controls from six neighborhood schools fulfilling the eligibility criteria were selected by simple random sampling by matching the age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Sociodemographic data, oral hygiene practices, diet history and dental caries experience were recorded. About 6 mL of stimulated whole saliva was collected. Salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffering capacity, and the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid were determined.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the mean proportional caries rate between the study and control group (P = 0.90). Salivary pH (P = 0.00) and salivary sodium concentration (P = 0.02) were significantly low in the study group than the control group. Salivary buffering capacity was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Dental caries experience of children with Down syndrome was similar to the healthy controls. School health programs could be implemented in special schools to improve oral and general health of special children.
Molar incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Argote Quispe Denise M. , de Priego Guido Perona , Leon Manco Roberto A. , Portaro Camila Palma
Published: May 2024

Context:

The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) varies considerably around the world. South America is one of the regions with the highest prevalence.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of MIH in children residing in urban and rural areas of Puno, Peru.

Design:

This was an observational cross-sectional study that included 404 children, aged 7–10 years old, from urban and rural public schools in Puno, Peru.

Subjects and Methods:

A previously calibrated examiner established the MIH diagnosis based on the index that integrates the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and the modified index of developmental defects of enamel (mDDE index), as well as the caries experience based on the DMFT index.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The information was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis.

Results:

Eighty children (19.8%) presented MIH, and the prevalence was higher in the urban area. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent type of lesion (52.1%), followed by atypical caries lesions (36.7%). The more severe the defects, the greater their extent. Similarly, the greater the extent of tooth defects, the greater the number of teeth affected per child. Children with MIH had slightly higher rates of tooth decay experience (DMFT). However, no significant association was found between caries experience and MIH.

Conclusions:

The population studied showed a high prevalence of MIH, similar to other studies in South American populations. The prevalence varied among residence areas, being more prevalent in the urban area. Mild lesions were more frequent.
Comparison of the efficacy of parental brushing using powered versus manual tooth brush
Authors: Purushotham Pooja Mysore , Rao Arathi , Natarajan Srikant , Shrikrishna Suprabha Baranya
Published: May 2024

Background:

Children <5 years of age need parental assistance with tooth brushing.

Purpose:

The aim is to compare the efficacy of manual and powered toothbrushes for plaque removal when used by parents to brush their children's teeth.

Methods:

This randomized, four-period, two-treatment, examiner-blinded, crossover clinical trial comprised children aged 3–5 years. Tooth brushing was performed by the parent using a manual or powered toothbrush. Pre- and post-brushing plaque assessments were performed using the Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. Differences in plaque scores were calculated using the paired t-test.

Results:

A significant difference (P < 0.001) in the reduction of the plaque score was observed between the manual and powered tooth brushing groups.

Conclusion:

Powered toothbrushes performed significantly better than manual toothbrushes in terms of plaque removal when used by parents to brush their child's teeth.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine with midazolam for the management of paediatric dental patients
Authors: Goswami Mousumi , Sangal Aayushi , Rahman Bushra , Chawla Sakshi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Pain, fear, and anxiety have long been associated with pediatric dentistry. A child's cooperation with a dental.procedure.usually requires various behavioral management strategies conveyed by the entire dental team. The use of sedatives in dental clinics for providing analgesia and anxiolysis allows the patient to respond appropriately to verbal commands and light tactile stimulation., thus making dental treatment more patient friendly and effective.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for the management of pediatric patients in the dental clinic.

Materials and Methods:

This systematic review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Six articles were selected for this systematic review. Of them, only in four articles, homogeneous data were available which were subjected to meta-analysis.

Results:

When compared with midazolam, premedication with dexmedetomidine resulted in much lower incidence of emergence delirium (odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.54, P = 0.01). No significant difference was observed with respect to satisfactory behavior of the child, successful parental separation, and satisfactory mask acceptance following sedation.

Conclusion:

Both dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective for the management of pediatric patients in the dental clinic. In addition, dexmedetomidine premedication is associated with lower incidence of emergence delirium and has a better margin of safety.