bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wish you were here? Building on Aotearoa's sacred land in the age of colonisation and overtourism.
Authors:   , Carpenter Benjamin
Published: September 2021

In 1887 Te Heuheu Tūkino IV Horonuku, paramount chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa gave the peaks of Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu as a tuku (gift with reciprocal obligations) to the Crown. From this tuku, a joint management of the worlds fourth national park was imagined but did not eventuate. The Tongariro National Park has been run by the Crown with little Māori voice for over a hundred years.

Today over 142,000 people complete the Tongariro Alpine Crossing (TAC) each year. This number of people, many with uninformed notions of what is acceptable behaviour, affect the environment and the mauri (spiritual essence) of the maunga (mountain). The arrival of Covid-19 closed Aotearoa’s borders to tourists. The sudden decrease in numbers prompted calls to rethink our nation’s approach to tourism and how we value our wild spaces.

Overtourism and colonisation are significant issues for Tongariro National Park. This thesis asks how architecture on the TAC can reduce the negative impacts of colonisation and overtourism, and provide a platform on which wider progress can begin.

This thesis draws on literature, site observations and expert stakeholders using a ‘research-through-design’ methodology to create a series of architectural outcomes within the park. A theoretical framework was developed concurrently to ensure that the overarching goals of decolonisation and mitigation of overtourism were achieved as visitors complete the TAC.

Through this thesis, six architectural interventions were created; some new, and some replacing existing infrastructure. I explore how each intervention responded to the effects of overtourism and colonisation, both as a singular intervention and as part of a larger scheme.
Conversations of Flux and Threshold: Generating an architectural language of art and adaptability.
Authors:   , Soedjasa Jasmin
Published: September 2021

This thesis investigates two architectural interests of mine, creative practice and the architectural threshold. The research unfolds as the relationship between these two interests develop into a dialogue that explores an adaptive architectural language.

This research is situated in the context of Mana, Porirua. Porirua’s rapid development into a city has left behind villages such as Mana, that have not kept up with the fast pace of society. With an expectation for growth, this research proposes a framework for adaptable community space at the centre of the village. The framework aims to densify and activate the suburb and alleviate the car-centric pressures on the pedestrian experience.

What kind of architectural language is produced through challenging the static nature of the architectural threshold and how might this be impacted by my own creative practices?

Following a design-led research structure, my findings through exploratory creative practice work led the research towards the architectural proposal. I developed the relationship between thresholds and creative practices through extensive drawing and model making. By analysing and critically reflecting on this work, an architectural language was revealed. The design proposal was conceived through investigating my interests in creative practice and thresholds through the site in Mana. The result is an adaptive structure that references ideas found in assembly temporality represented through my creative lens.
Prevalence and elimination of cataract in a rural setting in Yemen
Authors: Al Saud Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmed Bin Abdul Aziz , Alamuddin Mohamad N. , Rushood Adel A.
Published: September 2021

A pilot observational study was conducted from 17 to 30 March 1996 in three locations in Yemen, namely Shabwa, Mukalla and Mahweet. The study population included 5341 people who came voluntarily to selected government hospitals for eye care. To determine the prevalence of the different eye diseases, especially cataract, among the study population, the team applied a case study form to collect the necessary data. The team examined patients and performed any surgery required. The findings are analysed, the limitations of the study discussed and recommendations formulated
Premarital counselling: an experience from Bahrain
Authors: Al Arrayed Shaikha Salim , Hafadh Nada , Al Serafi Samera
Published: September 2021

The present study was conducted to analyse data of the first 500 clients who voluntarily attended premarital counselling during 1993-1994. It was found that 74.1% of clients were not related to their partner, 23.2% were first cousins and 1.5% were second cousins;the rest were distant relatives. Sickle-cell disease was found in 1.6% of clients, sickle-cell trait in 13.0%, beta-thalassaemia trait in 2.0% and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in 26.0%. Of the couples attending counselling, 8.1% were found to be at risk of having affected offspring. The consanguinity rate among the couples at risk was 15.4%
Impact of the economic sanctions on duodenal ulcer in Iraq
Authors: Al Jawher Mohamed H.
Published: September 2021

Cases of duodenal ulcer admitted to Basra General Hospital for a one-year period prior to economic sanctions were compared with cases admitted in a one-year period during sanctions. The number of patients, age ranges, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, treatment and mortality rates were compared. The number of cases more than doubled during the period of sanctions. There was a significant increase in smoking among duodenal ulcer patients during sanctions. Other differences between the two periods were observed and reasons for these differences are discussed
Passive smoking and lower respiratory tract illnesses in children
Authors: El Sawy Ihab Hafez , Nasr Fatma M. Kamel , Mowafy Ehsan Wafa E. , Sharaki Ola Atef M. , Abdel Bakey Adel M.
Published: September 2021

The relationship between household tobacco smoke exposure and wheezing and nonwheezing lower respiratory tract illnesses in young children was investigated using both a questionnaire and the urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio to assess passive smoking. A case-control study was conducted on 60 children
Effect of an educational film on the Health Belief Model and breast self-examination practice
Authors: Attia Amal Kadry , Abdel Rahman Dalal Aly Mohamed , Kamel Layla Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

A longitudinal study of four phases was conducted to identify the effect of an educational film on the Health Belief Model and breast self-examination practice of second-year nursing students in Alexandria University. Findings showed that the health belief parameters [perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, benefits of and barriers to practising breast self-examination] were influenced differently by the film. A positive influence was observed between breast self-examination practice and film viewing;one-year post-film follow-up data revealed a high continuation rate of breast self-examination. The main reason cited for BSE practice was early detection of abnormalities
Drug utilization and antibiotic use in the primary health care centres in Sharjah
Authors: Hasan Mohamed Yousif , Das Mandira , Mourad Fatema
Published: September 2021

Drugutilization and antibiotic use in the primary health care centres in Sharjah were studied before and after an intervention by the Antibiotics Control Committee. Prescriptions and patient records were reviewed and analysed based on World Health Organization methodology. Before intervention, the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.8, the average consultation time was 10.8 minutes, the average dispensing time was 89 seconds and 92% of visits resulted in a prescription, of which antibiotics constituted 45%. Following intervention, the percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics and the percentage of visits resulting in a prescription were significantly reduced
Epidemiological and sociocultural study of burn patients in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Attia Ashraf F. , Sherif Aida A. , Mandil Ahmed Mohamed Amin , Massoud M. Nabil , Abu Nazel Mervat, W. , Arafa Mostafa A.
Published: September 2021

All burn cases admitted to the burns unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital over a period of one year were investigated. Burns were found to occur in younger age groups. There was an almost equal distribution of cases by sex, but when stratified by age, more females were found in most age groups. Most burns were domestic, with cooking being the most prevalent activity. Flame was the most common agent. Death occurred in about one-third of cases;when using logistic regression analysis, the outcome of the burn injury was significantly associated with age, sex, total surface area burnt and degree and depth of the burn
Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in relation to other cardiovascular risk factors in Lebanon
Authors: Salti Ibrahim S. , Khogali Mustafa , Alam Samir , Abu Haidar Najib , Masri Amal
Published: September 2021

A study of 2518 Lebanese subjects [1138 males, 1380 females] aged 30 years and over revealed an overall prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance of 13.1% and 6.0% respectively. The prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was similar in both sexes, while impaired glucose tolerance was slightly higher among females;both increased steadily with age. The main risk factor was obesity [55% in males, 67% in females]. Participants with diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance were more likely to have heart disease, and had slightly higher blood pressure and serum triglycerides
Epidemiology of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in the urban population of Soussa, Tunisia
Authors: Ghannem H. , Fredj A. Hadj
Published: September 2021

To illustrate the distribution of hypertension in the community, an epidemiological survey was conducted based on a representative sample of 957 adults aged >/= 20 years resident in Soussa, Tunisia in 1995. The prevalence of hypertension according to the new World Health Organization criteria [systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg] was 28.9%. Hypertension was significantly higher in cases with obesity, android obesity and for persons aged >40 years. History of diabetes was found in 10.2% of cases, obesity in 27.7%, overweight in 56.7%, android obesity in 36.0% and smoking in 61.4% of men and 4.2% of women
Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]in serodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Morsi M. G.
Published: September 2021

A total of 45 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 45 healthy individuals were subjected to chest examination, radiography and ELISA tests for IgA and IgG antibodies. Sputum smear and culture were performed for all tuberculous patients. Evaluated against clinical and radiological diagnosis, ELISA’s specificity exceeded 90% in detecting specific IgA and IgG antibodies. The parallel application of ELISA and microscopic examination of sputum yielded 80% sensitivity compared with clinical and radiological examination and 100% sensitivity compared with culture. ELISA alone can be used in ruling out pulmonary tuberculosis but not in diagnosing the disease. However, coupled with microscopic examination, it can be used instead of culture to provide positive diagnosis within 24 hours
[Investigation of a measles epidemic in Kouf, Tetouan Province, Morocco]
Authors: Cherkaoui I.
Published: September 2021

The investigation of a measles epidemic that occurred in May 1995 in the locality of Kouf [Province of Tetouan] detected 64 cases of measles among 281 children below 15 years of age. The attack rate was 22.8%. The most affected age group was 1-3 years. Age, sex, sublocality, school attendance and number of brothers and sisters did not seem to be risk factors for measles in this epidemic. The vaccine coverage among children aged 9 to 59 months was 83.8% with or without vaccination document and 92.7% with document. The vaccine efficacy in children 9 months to 3 years of age was 40%. Further investigations would be needed in order to clarify the reasons for this low percentage
Recent trends in infant feeding patterns and weaning practices in Kuwait
Authors: Al Awadi Fawzia A. , Amine Ezzat K.
Published: September 2021

A multistage stratified sample of 782 mothers of infants under two years of age was taken to investigate infant feeding patterns and weaning practices. The rate of breast-feeding was 26.1% and that of bottle-feeding 41.9%. Breast-feeding was more common among late order children and those born to illiterate mothers. The mean duration of breast-feeding was 4.9 months and was longer among illiterate mothers. Infants were weaned because of insufficient mother’s milk, mother’s desire and infant refusal of the breast. The results indicate that there has been a sharp decline in breast-feeding. The reasons for this are discussed and measures to reverse the trend are recommended
Current status of breast-feeding in Alexandria governorate: a community-based study
Authors: Kamel Nahed Mohamed , Ibrahim Afaf Gaber , Aref Soha Rashed , Ziyo Fatma Youssef
Published: September 2021

Thistudy was carried out to provide baseline data for various indicators measuring breast-feeding and bottle-feeding practices in Alexandria. In 1995, a total of 1080 children aged below 24 months, equally distributed among six age groups, were selected for a household 24-hour dietary survey. The findings indicated that only 42.2% of infants below 4 months were currently exclusively breast-fed, while 21.1% were predominantly breast-fed. Hence, the rate of breast-feeding was 63.3%. The prevalence rate of timely complementary feeding was 62.3%. Continued breast-feeding rate at 1 year was 64.4%, and at 2 years was 33.9%. The bottle-feeding rate [among infants less than 12 months] was 44.3%
Spectrum of paediatric diseases in south Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Sadeghi E.
Published: September 2021

Theresults of an inpatient and outpatient review of paediatric diseases in the south of the Islamic Republic of Iran are presented. Male patients outnumbered females for both outpatients and inpatients [1.3:1 and 1.4:1 respectively]. More sick infants than preschoolers or school-aged children visited the paediatrician’s office, especially in spring and summer. Infectious diseases outnumbered noninfectious diseases, particularly in autumn and winter and consisted mostly of viral illnesses. Respiratory illnesses comprised more than half of all outpatient childhood diseases. About 45% of children admitted to hospital were infants. Half of the children admitted had failure to thrive and 3.5% were severely malnourished. Infectious diseases were the most prevalent paediatric disease in hospital, followed by neoplastic and blood diseases respectively
Efficacy of rubber dam isolation as an infection control procedure in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Tag El Din Azza Mahmoud , Ghoname Nagwa Abdel Hady
Published: September 2021

The efficacy of rubber dam, antiseptic mouth rinse and both procedures together in controlling atmospheric bacterial contamination during conservative procedures in the paedodontic clinic at Tanta University was assessed. Distribution of bacterial contamination varied depending on the position of the tooth in the mouth. The highest airborne bacterial contamination was found on the plates positioned on the patient’s chest. There was 98.8% bacterial reduction at 1 metre when rubber dam was used. This reduction increased when antiseptic mouth rinse was used before rubber dam application. Bacterial contamination fell sharply with increased distance from the head-rest
Scanning electron microscopic study of visible light curing effects on the oral mucous membrane
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Khounganian Rita M.
Published: September 2021

The present investigation was undertaken on rats to demonstrate the structural changes that took place after the exposure of the gingiva to a dental visible light curing unit. Sixteen rats were irradiated and four were considered as controls. The mandibular right first molar was exposed to radiation for 40 seconds. The animals were classified into four groups [4 experimental and 1 control] and were sacrificed immediately, 2 days, 4 days and 2 weeks after exposure. Specimens were processed for ultrastructural and light microscopic investigations. The results indicate that emission from dental light curing units can affect the oral mucous membrane and may reduce its functional abilities
Water contact activities and schistosomiasis infection in Menoufia, Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Khairy Amal E. M.
Published: September 2021

Withthe aim of developing schistosomiasis health education programmes through primary health care, water contact activities were studied in two large villages in Menoufia Governorate. In 1994, an in-depth epidemiological study performed on a calculated sample of households revealed that certain water contact activities [grain washing, irrigation, ablution] resulted in higher schistosomiasis infection rates than others. The irrigation system used appeared to be significantly related to the infection rate. Health education and community participation in schistosomiasis control via primary health care are recommended
Available data on cancer in the south eastern governorate of Yemen
Authors: Bawazir A. A. , Abdul Hamid G. , Morales E.
Published: September 2021

We studied the distribution of cancer by sex, age, region of residence and system and organ affected of 685 patients obtained through the Treatment Abroad Register of the Aden Health Office [1989-1983]. The most common malignancies, excluding specific sites for each sex, were gastrointestinal tract [19.4%], lymphoma [16.4%], head and neck [13.2%], bone and soft tissue [12.2%] and thyroid [11.2%]. The most common malignancies among males were gastrointestinal, lymphoma, head and neck, bone and soft tissue and leukaemia;and among females were breast, female genital system, thyroid, gastrointestinal and lymphoma
Augmenting hospital support of maternal and child health care, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baldo Mohamed H.
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the Saudi maternal and child health training programme [1988-1997] to augment hospital support of health centres. Maternal and child health trainer/trainee manuals were prepared, then implemented through 4-day trainers workshops and 2week trainee courses. Mid-term evaluation and follow-up demonstrated reasonable coverage and quality of training. Improved integration of care was reflected by a trainers attitude questionnaire and a trainees interview/observation questionnaire. To date, 589 trainers have been trained, three-quarters of them from hospitals. They in turn have trained about 7658 trainees, 93% of target. The programme is ongoing with continuous updating of content
Hashish cultivation in the state of Southern Darfour, Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Hamid M.
Published: September 2021

In an attempt to arrive at an adequate planning process for the effective and successful control of hashish production, cultivation areas in Southern Darfour and Bahr Elgazal States in Sudan were investigated during the cultivation period in September 1994. Data on hashish production and the socioeconomic status of the people in the area of production were collected. Attempts made at the prevention of hashish production in the area during the study are reported and discussed. The results of this work are presented together with some recommendations
Drug use among prisoners in three main prisons in Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Karim El Fatih I. A. , Mohamed Hamid Mannan , Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim , Ahmed Ali Farah , Mohammed Sana Abdel Azim
Published: September 2021

Druguse among prisoners in the three main prisons in Khartoum, Sudan in 1994 was studied. The results show variations in the use of drugs with regard to age, occupation, education, marital status and social status of inmates. Drug use was common among most prisoners, with alcohol and hashish being the most frequently used drugs. Alcohol use was more common among married prisoners;hashish use was more popular among single prisoners. Alcohol was frequently used with other drugs. Most prisoners started using drugs between the ages of 12 and 20 years. The principal reasons for drug use were temptation by friends and to escape social pressures
Morphology and structure of filiform papillae of neonates: a light and scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Nour El Deen Ragia, E. H.
Published: September 2021

The present study was carried out to describe the morphology and structure of filiform papillae of the neonate. Ten tissue specimens taken from the anterior portion of the tongue of ten stillborn neonates were fixed and processed for both light and scanning electron microscopy. Filiform papillae appeared as small finger-like projections with rounded tips and appeared to develop as two or three papillae originating from one base;subsequent splitting of the papillae from each other then took place. The epithelium covering the papillae was parakeratinized while that covering the interpapillary regions was nonkeratinized
School oral health survey in Kairouan, Tunisia
Authors: Maatouk F.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the oral health survey was to study oral disease prevalence in 600 schoolchildren [aged 6 years and 12 years] in Kairouan. World Health Organization methodology was used and the results were compared with the 1994 national survey findings. As well as oral examination, fluoride dosage in drinking water was assessed. Analysis showed that the findings were in agreement with the national survey except for dental caries prevalence, therapeutic index and dental fluorosis prevalence. Thus WHO recommendations made after the national survey remain valid in Kairouan
An outbreak of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in northern Iraq
Authors: Altaee Moayad Y. , Mahmood Muntaha H.
Published: September 2021

Thispaper describes an outbreak of veno-occlusive disease of the liver which occurred in Mosul, northern Iraq in 1994. It was caused by the consumption of wheat accidentally contaminated with Senecio seeds which produced toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The outbreak involved 14 people [eight males and six females] who were members of three Bedouin families. Half of the cases were under the age of 15 years. The striking clinical features were abdominal pain, rapidly filling ascites and hepatomegaly. Two deaths occurred during hospitalization, with an estimated case fatality rate of 14%
Magneticresonance imaging in the diagnosis of vertebral haemangiomas
Authors: Hiari Asem , Nawaiseh Bassam , Jaber Hesham
Published: September 2021

A retrospective analysis of 600 [238 females, 362 males] spine examinations was carried out. Vertebral haemangioma was observed in 160 patients [27%], 74 females [31%] and 86 males [24%]. The majority were over 35 years. The most frequent site was the lumbar region, 64 patients [40%], then the thoracic region, 32 patients [20%], cervical region, 26 patients [16%], predominantly in the dense complex of the axis, and 38 patients [24%] were found to have multiple haemangiomas. Characteristically all vertebral haemangiomas abutted or included the basivertebral veins in the vertebral body
Tuberculin reaction and BCG scar in children vaccinated at birth
Authors: Hasanabadi Ali S. , Hadi Negin , Yaghoot Mehrzad
Published: September 2021

In this study, 1576 healthy children under 6 years who had received BCG at birth were tuberculin tested. About 71.5% had retained their BCG scar. The average size of tuberculin reactivity was larger in the group with BCG scar than without, the difference being statistically significant [P 10 mm]
Contraceptive practices among Palestinian refugee women using the UNRWA MCH centre at Nuzha, Jordan
Authors: Madi Haifa
Published: September 2021

A two-phase study was conducted to measure the change in contraceptive practices after a year of introducing family planning services at an UNRWA maternal and child health centre. The study included all mothers of children under 3 years of age who came to the centre during the study period. Prevalence of modern contraceptive use increased from 37.5% to 41.1%. UNRWA was the source of contraceptives in the baseline study for 11.4% of mothers;this increased to 31.4%. Modern contraceptive use increased with parity and age except at the two ends of the reproductive span. The sex of the living children also affected the level of modern contraceptive use
Defective monocyte phagocytic function as a possible genetic marker for heumatic susceptibility
Authors: Badr El Din Mostafa Kamal , Madkour Ahmed Abdel Salam , Badr EI Din Omneya M. K. , Rashwan Eman A. , Bahrm Raouf S.
Published: September 2021

The activity of the monocyte phagocytic system in children with rheumatic heart disease [RHD], their parents, their normal siblings and in nonrheumatic families was investigated. Phagocytic activity of isolated monocytes was assessed using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. The count per minute of emitted light was measured before and after stimulation with zymosan solution. The results indicate that one-third of the siblings of children with RHD were genetically free while two-thirds, as well as the parents, were heterozygous, and that children with RHD were homozygous for [a] mutant gene [s] responsible for the defective function of the monocyte phagocytic system. The findings are strongly suggestive of autosomal recessive inheritance
Bacterial etiologic agents of ocular infection in children in the Islmic Republic of Iran
Authors: Modarres Sh. , Lasheii A. , Oskoii N. N.
Published: September 2021

Bacterial agents of ocular infection were studied in 485 children under 14 years of age from October 1993 to February 1995. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were used. Conjunctivitis was the most common clinical feature [77.9%]. Bacterial agents were detected in the ocular samples of 66.8% of children and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative agent, being responsible for 28% of all cases. The frequency of ocular infection in patients aged 0-2 years was significantly higher than other age groups [P = 0.04]. Approximately 84% of all bacteria were sensitive to chloramphenicol
Etiologyand occurrence of acute bacterial meningitis in children in Benghazi Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Authors: Rao Bandaru Narasinga , Kashbur Ibrahim Mahdi , Shembesh Nuri Mohamed , El Bargathy Suliman Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Over a 14-month period, 77 children with a presumptive diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis were investigated. The incidence of acute bacterial meningitis was 0.8%, with a case fatality rate of 13.0%. Children pound 1 year of age were more affected [64.9%]. The total male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Gram stain detected more cases [85.7%] than culture [66.2%]. A total of 48 isolates were identified by culture and their antibiotic sensitivity was determined. Haemophilus influenzae [33.8%] was the predominant organism identified, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [26.0%], Klebsiella spp. [6.5%] and Neisseria meningitidis [2.6%]. Many of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and least sensitive to tetracycline and ampicillin
Diabetesmellitus as a health problem in Saudi Arabia
Authors: El Hazmi Mohsen A. F. , Warsy A. B. , Sulairnani R.
Published: September 2021

A total of 25 337 Saudis [11 713 males [46.2%] and 13 624 females [53.8%] were screened for diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance using WHO criteria for diagnosis. The prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the total Saudi male population was 0.23%, 5.63% and 0.50% respectively, and in the total Saudi female population was 0.30%, 4.53% and 0.72% respectively. Differences were observed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance between the provinces. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus increased to 28.82% and 24.92% in males and females respectively over the age of 60 years, while impaired glucose tolerance increased to 1.60% and 3.56%
Dietary energy and protein requirements for Saudi Arabia: a methodological approach
Authors: Khan Mohammad A. , Al Kanhal Mohammed A.
Published: September 2021

Based on the available scientific information on human requirements, recommended dietary allowances of energy and protein for different age and sex groups of Saudis were estimated. The per capita requirements of energy and protein [NPU 0.8] at national level were calculated to be 2100 kcal per day and 53 g per day respectively. For men of reference body size 65 kg, the average recommended allowances are 2800 kcal per day and 65 g of protein per day. For women of reference body weight 56 kg, these are 2100 kcal per day and 56 g of protein per day. Additional recommended daily allowances for pregnant and lactating women are given. Protein-energy ratio percentage was calculated as 6%-12%. RDAs and reported energy and protein intakes are compared
Knowledge and attitudes of teenage students in relation to sexual issues
Authors: Al Ginedy Mervat
Published: September 2021

A total of 1186 Egyptian students from the governorate capital cities of Menoufia, Beheira and Beni Sueif were interviewed between October and December 1993 to determine their knowledge of and attitudes towards human sexuality. The sample comprised 620 male and 566 female students aged 13-20 years [preparatory and secondary schools]. The results indicated that there was a general lack of knowledge of sexual issues. An informal programme is recommended to improve adolescents’ knowledge of sexual matters and correct misconceptions
Compliance of surgeons and nurses in scrubbing time before surgery
Authors: Rababa'h Taha Allafi , Al Adwan Zeid , Dahayat Ghazi , Gharaibeh Hayel , Al Amr Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the compliance of surgeons and nurses in performing sufficiently long scrubbing in two hospitals of the Royal Medical Services of the Jordanian Army. Fifty subjects [30 surgeons and 20 nurses] were examined. It was found that none of the subjects complied with the rules concerning scrubbing technique and scrubbing time. The average time for each subject was about 1.5 minutes. Student t-test showed that there was no significant difference [t = 0.897;P > 0.1] in the mean scrubbing time between surgeons and nurses
Evaluation study of the training programmes for health personnel in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abou Zeid Abdel Naser A.
Published: September 2021

This study evaluates the health-related educational programmes conducted by the Continuous Medical Education and Community Services Centre, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. All the proformas containing data on evaluation and monitoring of several programmes were retrieved and analysed. The medical education training programmes satisfactorily met the aims and objectives of the courses and the expectations of the trainees and trainers. Feedback from targeted groups was important for rectifying any weaknesses revealed during evaluation. The training programmes were effective and produced favourable changes in the knowledge of both trainees and trainers and should help in updating courses for future training
[Hospital morbidity in an urban district in Tunisia]
Authors: Bchir Abdallah
Published: September 2021

In the health region of Monastir, Tunisia, there is a register of admissions to all public hospitals. Those relating to patients resident in Ksar Hellal District during the year 1995 were identified [N = 1983 admissions to hospital]. This made it possible to establish the population-based pattern of hospital morbidities. The annual hospitalization rate is 6.1%;the rate for patients aged ‘ 65 years is estimated at 13.1%. Chronic diseases are responsible for 31.5% of admissions to hospital and are predominantly diabetes and asthma. The morbidity pattern reflects a phenomenon of epidemiological transition and calls for the strengthening of ambulatory care and development of specific services likely to reduce the need for hospitalization
New method for the fixation of the endotracheal tube in patients with facial hair
Authors: Kamalipour H. , Kardan K.
Published: September 2021

A problem faced by anaesthetists in Islamic countries is the unwillingness of patients to shave their facial hair. Adhesive tapes may not adequately secure an endotracheal tube in these patients, and a cotton b and around the neck may cause obstruction of the venous return. A new device, a synthetic leather mask, was compared with the two other methods in a r and omized trial on 900 patients undergoing general anaesthesia. No displacement of the endotracheal tube, pressure on the neck veins, or skin reaction were observed in the mask group compared with the adhesive tape and the cotton b and groups. The mask can be reused, autoclaved and made in several sizes, prevents allergies to adhesive tape and is suitable for laryngoscopy, suctioning and inserting the oral airway
Pain tracker diagnostic instrument: effect on patients’ satisfaction with their interactions with the primary care physician
Authors: Derakhshan A. , Khadem N. , Tabatabaei M. K. , Mazlouman S. J.
Published: September 2021

In a r and omized trial, the pain tracker instrument was evaluated as a diagnostic screening tool and for its effect on patients’ satisfaction with their interactions with the primary care physician. The instrument form was filled in by the physician after asking the study patients about symptoms. Control [n = 53] and study patients [n = 49] were interviewed and the instrument’s effect was analysed from responses to 15 statements. The pain tracker group were significantly more satisfied with the physician relationship than were controls [mean satisfaction score 85 +/- 8 versus 61 +/- 9]. A direct linear correlation was found between patients’ assessment of the visit and overall satisfaction [r = 0.86]. The pain tracker can be an important component in history taking and a useful diagnostic screening tool in pain presentations
Relationship between depression and non-adherence to anticoagulant therapy after valve replacement
Authors: El Gatit A. M. , Haw M.
Published: September 2021

Management of anticoagulant therapy after mechanical valve replacement is difficult in developing countries because of patient non-adherence. The effect of depression on adherence to drug therapy and to a clinic visit schedule was evaluated for 62 patients who received prostheses. All were prescribed a once-per-day regimen of warfarin and were scheduled for three appointments at the anticoagulant clinic for dose adjustment at 3-week intervals. According to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, 22 were depressed. Non-depressed patients were more compliant than depressed patients; adherence was inversely correlated with depression scores. While depression had no relationship with age, sex and cardiac symptoms, there was a relationship with anxiety and poor social support
Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in the United Arab Emirates measured by raised TSH levels
Authors: Al Hosani H. , Osman H. , Abdel Wareth L. , Saade D. , Salah M.
Published: September 2021

The United Arab Emirates National Screening Programme for Congenital Hypothyroidism was established in January 1998. The programme measures neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] levels of blood samples collected on filter paper on day 5 by heel prick. The prevalence of raised TSH levels [>5 microU/mL whole blood] during 1998 and 1999 was used to evaluate the degree of iodine-deficiency disorders [IDD] in the population in different regions. The ratio of TSH profile in the present study and goitre rate in schools in a 1994 study were discrepant, although there was good correlation between the ratio of TSH profile and urinary iodine. The prevalence of raised TSH levels was < 3% in the Emirates overall, which is normal, and IDD varied from mild to normal problems in different regions
[Food intake during and outside Ramadan]
Authors: Gharbi M. , Akrout M. , Zouari B.
Published: September 2021

Nous avons exploré l’effet du jeune durant la mois de ramadan sur les habitudes alimentaires d’un groupe de 130 adultes en bonne santé, Pendant le ramadan, il y a une augmentation de la ration énergetique totale chez les étudiants et les parents, du fait d’un apport protéique et lipidique mais non glucidique, par rapport à l’alimentation pendant le reste de l’année. Le repas de rupture du jeune couvre à lui seul 65 % de la ration énergétique, 74 % de la ration lipidique, 71 % de la ration protéique et 56 % de la ration glucidique. Ces résultats montrent que le comportement alimentaire pendant le ramadan peut contribuer à l’amélioration de l’état nutritionnel des personnes à risque de carence nutritionnelle
Effect of natural starters used for sourdough bread in Morocco on phytate biodegradation
Authors: Chaoui A. , Faid M. , Belhcen R.
Published: September 2021

Phytase activity was studied in natural sourdough bread starters to determine physicochemical characteristics [phytic acid hydrolysis, dough rising capacity and pH] in the flour and during sourdough fermentation. Fermentation microorganisms [yeasts and lactic acid bacteria] were also characterized. Results showed a decrease of phytic acid in sourdoughs started with traditional starters, and wide variation in phytase activity. Microorganism counts were high at the end of fermentation, indicating higher fermenting activity of the starters. Yeast populations showed wide variation and lactic acid bacteria had high counts in the fermentation. Phytase activity was demonstrated in starter cultures made of lactic acid bacteria and yeast isolates, the most interesting of which were Saccharomyces cerevisiae combined with Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Prevalence of rubella antibodies among school girls in Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
Authors: Sallam T. A. , Benbrake M. S. , Al Shaibani K. S. , Al Hababi A. A.
Published: September 2021

To determine the prevalence of rubella antibodies and age of exposure to rubella among Yemeni schoolgirls, we studied the sera samples of 323 female students [age range 11-21 years; mean age 16.26 +/- 1.89 years] drawn from three schools in Sana’a. All samples were screened for rubella IgG antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and, if negative, for IgM in order to exclude the possibility of recent exposure. Of 323 sera, 296 [91.64%] were positive for rubella IgG. All IgG negative sera were also IgM negative. Comparable antibody prevalence was observed in all age groups. The prevalence of rubella IgG among Yemeni schoolgirls is high, with most becoming immune between the ages of 11 and 21 years. Although the age of exposure seems to be </= 13 years, further investigation is needed to confirm this
Effect of gender on reporting of MMR adverse events in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khalil M. K. , Al Mazrou Y. Y. , Al Ghamdi Y. S. , Tumsah S. , Al Jeffri M. , Meshkhas A.
Published: September 2021

We evaluated the safety of a measles-mumps-rubella [MMR] immunization campaign for Saudi children [age range: 6-13 years] and gender differences in reporting post-MMR adverse events. After vaccinations were administered, we monitored 160 schools for 14 days and 19 hospitals in the 8 cities under study for 10 weeks. Incidence rates were: all MMR adverse events, 26.5/10, 000 MMR vaccines [significantly higher in females than males] ; Urabe strain aseptic meningitis, 1.0/295, 000; fever, 40.2/10, 000 [females] and 0.9/10, 000 [males] ; and parotitis, 5.4/10, 000 [females] and 0.9/10, 000 [males]. Combined MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps strain was safe for children aged 6-13 years. Gender differences regarding reactogenicity were evident and should be considered when designing future studies
First report of Escherichia coli O157 among Iraqi children
Authors: Shebib Z. A. , Abdul Ghani Z. G. , Mahdi L. Kh.
Published: September 2021

We determined the prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, especially E. coli O157, and other enteropathogens among 200 children with bloody diarrhoea and 100 age-matched controls at two Baghdad hospitals. Bacterial and parasitic agents were found in 39.5% and 28.5% of cases, respectively; no pathogen was detected in 32%. E. coli O157 was identified in 11.5% and more than one pathogen was found in 15.5% of cases. The most common pathogens were enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] [5%] ; E. coli other than E. coli O157 or EPEC [15%] ; Entamoeba histolytica [25%] and Giardia lamblia [3.5%]. All isolates of E. coli O157: H7 were sensitive to cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and nalidixic acid and resistant to erythromycin, polymyxin B and vancomycin. Resistance to 6 or more antimicrobial agents was common [50% of isolates]
Helicobacter pylori and rosacea
Authors: Zandi S. , Shamsaddini S. , Zahedi M. J. , Hyatbaksh M.
Published: September 2021

Recent reports have suggested an increased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with rosacea, with some evidence of dermatological improvement in patients treated with antibiotics for this infection. Our study investigates the prevalence of H. pylori infection in rosacea patients in Kerman. Serological examination was done for 29 patients with classical identification of rosacea using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG antibody method. Comparison of antibody titres with those of a control group revealed that the prevalence of positive serological tests for H. pylori was significantly higher in the test group. This supports the suggestion of some form of relationship between rosacea and H. pylori infection, though further investigations with larger sample sizes are required for a definite conclusion
β-haemolytic streptococci in acute pharyngitis
Authors: Boukadida J. , Hannechi N. , Boukadida N. , Ben Said H. , El Mherbech H. , Errai S.
Published: September 2021

To determine the role and importance of beta-haemolytic streptococci in acute pharyngitis and its relative susceptibility to antibiotics, we cultured samples from 143 patients [age range: 3-72 years] who presented over a 5-month period in 2001 at three primary health care centres in Sousse, Tunisia. The cultures yielded 80 beta-haemolytic streptococci [59 group A streptococci and 21 non-group A streptococci]. All strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and pristinamycin. Susceptibility was variable in erythromycin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, telithromycin and levofloxacin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by E-test for penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin. Our results confirm that penicillin is still the reference treatment for acute pharyngitis. However, to minimize the potential for complications arising from its use, continued vigilance is required
Prevalence of antibody to Brucella species in butchers, slaughterers and others
Authors: Karimi A. , Alborzi A. , Rasool M. , Kadivar M. R. , Nateghian A. R.
Published: September 2021

Brucellosis is being reported with increasing frequency in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Serum antibodies in high-risk and general populations help to define cut-off levels and can be used as a simple and rapid diagnostic tests in infected areas. We performed the rose Bengal test [RBT], serum agglutination test [SAT] and 2-mercaptoethanol [2ME] titre determination on 415 healthy individuals including butchers, slaughterers and others. Positive results were found by RBT, SAT titre [1: 80] and 2ME titre >/= 1: 20 in slaughterers [10%, 20% and 6% respectively], butchers [6%, 4% and 1% respectively] and the general population [1%, 2% and < 1% respectively]. A single SAT titre >/= 1: 80 in the presence of 2ME titre >/= 1: 20 can be diagnostic in this region
Use of thermonuclease testing to identify Staphylococcus aureus by direct examination of blood cultures
Authors: Kaplan N. M.
Published: September 2021

Blood cultures submitted to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Queen Alia Military Hospital, Amman during 1999-2001 were examined to evaluate thermonuclease testing for identifying Staphylococcus aureus in blood culture broths growing gram-positive cocci. Of 170 cultures studied, 129 yielded gram-positive staphylococci and 41 yielded other gram-positive cocci. Toluidine blue-deoxynucleic acid agar plates were used to test for thermonuclease activity. St and ard tube coagulase tests were performed on the isolates. Direct detection of thermonuclease activity in 76 blood culture broths containing gram-positive staphylococci showed 100% correlation with subsequent tube coagulase tests. The thermonuclease test provides a fast, specific and reliable confirmation of S. aureus bacteraemia by direct examination of blood culture broths that contain gram-positive cocci. This allows for timely, optimal antibiotic therapy
Psychiatric disorders among adolescent Jordanian returnees from Kuwait during the 1991 Gulf War
Authors: Jaddou H. Y.
Published: September 2021

Adolescent Jordanian returnees from Kuwait during the 1991 Gulf War were expected to have elevated rates of psychiatric disorders, therefore their mental health status was examined. We evaluated 1376 newly enrolled students in two public universities in northern Jordan using an Arabic translation of the self-administered General Health Questionnaire. The overall rate of psychiatric disorders among the study sample was 23.3%; the rate among adolescent returnees [30.8%] was significantly higher than among other adolescents [22.4%]. Although psychiatric disorders were generally common among Jordanian adolescents, the exposure of Jordanian children in Kuwait to the Gulf War was still detrimental to their mental health status as adolescents
Validity of using bovine teeth as a substitute for human counterparts in adhesive tests
Authors: Saleh F. , Taymour N.
Published: September 2021

Shear and tensile bond strengths of 40 human and 40 bovine teeth were compared. Teeth were randomly assigned to group I, which received light-cured composite resin, or group II, which received light-cured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement. The groups were subdivided for shear and tensile bond strength tests, which were conducted on a universal testing machine installed to a computer transducer. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference between shear and tensile bond strengths of human and bovine enamel; however, regression prediction equations support the use of bovine teeth as a reliable substitute to human counterparts in bonding studies of orthodontic adhesion
Bone infection
Authors: Mousa H. A.
Published: September 2021

Osteomyelitis, or bone infection, affects all age groups and develops from various sources including haematogenously from distant infection foci, from external sources such as post-operative or post-traumatic wound infections and from adjoining soft tissue infections. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae are the most common pathogens of haematogenous osteomyelitis. Aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacteria have emerged as significant pathogens in some types of osteomyelitis while anaerobic bacteria are increasingly recognized as potential pathogens in non-haematogenous osteomyelitis. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is of increasing concern, although improvements in radiologic imaging, antibiotic treatment and heightened awareness have led to earlier detection such that long-term sequelae and morbidity are now primarily due to delays in diagnosis and inadequate treatment