bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic dissimilatory phosphite oxidation, an extremely efficient concept of microbial electron economy
Authors: Mao Zhuqing , Müller Nicolai , Borusak Sabrina , Schleheck David , Schink Bernhard
Published: August 2023

Phosphite is a stable phosphorus compound that, together with phosphate, made up a substantial part of the total phosphorus content of the prebiotic Earth's crust. Oxidation of phosphite to phosphate releases electrons at an unusually low redox potential (−690 mV at pH 7.0). Numerous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria use phosphite as a phosphorus source and oxidise it to phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and other phosphorus‐containing cell constituents. Only two pure cultures of strictly anaerobic bacteria have been isolated so far that use phosphite as an electron donor in their energy metabolism, the Gram‐positive Phosphitispora fastidiosa and the Gram‐negative Desulfotignum phosphitoxidans. The key enzyme of this metabolism is an NAD+‐dependent phosphite dehydrogenase enzyme that phosphorylates AMP to ADP. These phosphorylating phosphite dehydrogenases were found to be related to nucleoside diphosphate sugar epimerases. The produced NADH is channelled into autotrophic CO2 fixation via the Wood‐Ljungdahl (CO‐DH) pathway, thus allowing for nearly complete assimilation of the substrate electrons into bacterial biomass. This extremely efficient type of electron flow connects energy and carbon metabolism directly through NADH and might have been important in the early evolution of life when phosphite was easily available on Earth.
How can trade partners be chosen when facing food scandals? China's milk scandal as a natural experiment
Authors: Yan Wenshou , Cai Yan , Guo Xuan
Published: August 2023

Using China's milk scandal as a natural experiment, this paper explores whether the countries of origin and export destinations have the same responses to the original country's food scandal. Our difference‐in‐difference estimation shows that the outbreak of China's milk scandal had asymmetric impacts on China's total imports (increased by 23.4%) and exports (sharply dropped by 65.8%). The results further show that China's milk scandal contributed to import increases from European and Oceanian countries. Moreover, China's milk scandal worsened exports, mainly those going to neighbouring Asian regions but increased exports to Oceania. A product quality index is constructed to explain this finding. Intuitively, consumers' perceived quality of Chinese products declined, and they tended to consume products from other countries. The lower the product quality was with those in China, the lower the perceived quality and safety, thereby affecting demand. During the scandal, Chinese consumers tended to buy high‐quality dairy products from Europe and Oceania rather than the perceived unreliable dairy products produced by China or neighbouring countries. We conclude that product quality plays a key role in imports and exports when facing food scandals.
Performance Feedback and Risk‐Taking: A Configurational Approach
Authors: Goyal Lakshmi , Popli Manish
Published: August 2023

Based on the notion that organizations are complex systems, this study combines the configurational perspective with the performance feedback theory to explore constellations of multi‐level causal conditions that explain variations in firm risk‐taking behaviour. Using the fuzzy set methodology as our analytic approach, we derive multiple configurations based on a dataset of 1753 observations belonging to 402 firms from the US pharmaceutical industry. Our findings espouse equifinality and the differential importance of factors denoting a firm's ability, motivation and opportunity space in determining low and high levels of risk‐taking. Across historical and social aspirations, our results disclose significant differences and similarities in constellations of causal conditions leading to high and low levels of risk‐taking, respectively. Our findings contribute to the behavioural theory of the firm and have important implications for managerial practice.
Basic Reading and Mathematics Skills and the Labour Market Outcomes of Young People: Evidence from PISA and Linked Administrative Data*
Authors: Meehan Lisa , Pacheco Gail , Schober Thomas
Published: August 2023

This paper uses Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data linked to administrative data to track the educational and labour market outcomes of young people. Students with lower skills have lower rates of participation in further education. While low‐skilled men out‐earn their higher‐skilled counterparts when they are very young, their earnings are overtaken by those with higher skills when they are in their early 20s, and they earn around 15 per cent less by the age of 25. The differences among women are substantially larger – women with low skills earn approximately 35 per cent less than their higher‐skilled counterparts by age 25.
Suicide of an adolescent girl with sodium nitrite ordered on the internet
Authors: Loiseau Mélanie , Matheux Alice , Sabini Sandrine , Cavard Stéphanie , Advenier Anne‐Sophie , Pasquet Agathe , François‐Purssell Irène , Guerard Pascal
Published: August 2023

Nitrites are commonly used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Recently, they have been identified in cases of voluntary intoxication. We report the case of a 13‐year‐old girl who was found lifeless on her bed next to a glass containing a white powder and a bottle containing a white powder with a moistened appearance. External examination and autopsy revealed a nonspecific asphyxia syndrome, which was confirmed by the pathological analysis. Analysis of the samples revealed metoclopramide in the peripheral blood at a concentration of 0.402 mg/L (LC–HRMS). An analysis of the gastric contents was carried out after sodium nitrite was detected in the powders found near the body (Raman spectrometry). Nitrites were found in the gastric fluid at a concentration of 30.9 mg/L. Death occurred secondary to anoxia, following ingestion of nitrites; suicide kits are available on the web and nitrites are relatively easy to source and inexpensive. Nitrites are delivered in powder form to be dissolved in liquid, which may then be consumed with metoclopramide (or an alternative anti‐emetic drug) to maximize absorption and reduce emesis. The toxic effect of nitrites lies in their oxidizing power, causing the transformation of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which, when it accumulates, induces tissue anoxia resulting in death. There has been an alarming increase in the number of cases linked to suicide using nitrites or a nitrite suicide kit. The fact that nitrites are readily available online underscores the importance of establishing effective preventive measures such as limiting the access and use of this chemical.
The validity of self‐rated alcohol susceptibility in predicting alcohol use in early adolescents in Latin America
Authors: Dramis Agustín , Mejía Raúl , Thrasher James F. , Barrientos‐Gutiérrez Inti , Sargent James , Pérez Adriana
Published: August 2023

Background

The measurement of substance use susceptibility was first conceived as part of the preparatory stage that precedes youth smoking initiation and is defined as the lack of a firm commitment not to smoke in the future. Despite being a consistent and validated predictor of smoking initiation, there has been little research on whether susceptibility can predict alcohol use. This study assessed the validity of an adapted alcohol susceptibility measure to predict alcohol consumption among early adolescent students in Argentina and Mexico who had not previously consumed alcohol.

Methods

A school‐based longitudinal study was conducted among first‐year students in 33 secondary schools in Argentina and 57 in Mexico. The baseline sample included 1504 never‐drinker adolescents in Argentina and 5264 in Mexico, of whom 1055 and 3540, respectively, completed a follow‐up survey one and a half years later. Logistic regression with school as a random effect was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for the transitions from never‐drinker to ever‐drinker, current drinker, and binge drinker.

Results

At baseline, 34% and 23.6% of adolescent never‐users in Argentina and Mexico, respectively, were susceptible to alcohol. After controlling for other known predictors of alcohol use initiation, alcohol susceptibility was positively associated with ever‐drinking (OR = 3.23, 95% CI 2.38–4.36 in Argentina, OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.43–2.10 in Mexico), current drinking (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.71–3.4 in Argentina, OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37–2.28 in Mexico), and binge drinking (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.78–2.91 in Argentina, OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.32–1.99 in Mexico).

Conclusions

The susceptibility measure adapted for use with alcohol appears valid for identifying individuals or groups at risk of drinking initiation and problematic drinking among early adolescents in Argentina and Mexico.
Moving away from chemotherapy in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome‐positive B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Haddad Fadi G. , Kourie Hampig Raphael , Saleh Khalil
Published: August 2023

Chemotherapy‐free regimens are reshaping the treatment landscape of Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The report by Xie et al. suggests that the combination of dasatinib and prednisone is effective as induction and early consolidation. Survival was improved in patients who subsequently underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Commentary on: Xie et al. Dasatinib plus prednisone as induction and consolidation for adults with Ph‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A single‐arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Br J Haematol 2023;202:1119–1126.
Application and evolution of design in oral health: A systematic mapping study with an interactive evidence map
Authors: Leason Isobel , Longridge Nicholas , Nickpour Farnaz
Published: August 2023

Objectives

There is increasing recognition of the value and capabilities of design in healthcare. Beyond the development of medical devices, design is increasingly being applied to intangible, complex and systemic healthcare problems. However, there is limited evidence on the use of design specifically in the field of oral health. This systematic mapping study aims to collate and catalogue evidence of design in oral health.

Methods

A systematic search of academic databases and grey literature was performed. Duplicate results were removed, and publications relating to the same project were grouped. Reviewers from design and oral health independently screened a sample of the dataset. Projects of both relevance to oral health, and with input from a designer or clear implementation of a design methodology or approach were included. Projects were coded and plotted on a novel interactive evidence map.

Results

119 design and oral health projects were included between 1973 and 2022. Interventional (n = 94, 79%), empirical (n = 46, 39%), methodological (n = 35, 29%) and theoretical (n = 7, 6%) design contributions were identified across the projects. The projects were categorized by four orders of design: first—graphics (n = 6, 5%), second—products (n = 41, 34%), third—interactions (n = 70, 59%), and fourth—systems (n = 2, 2%). Design was found in a diverse range of contexts in oral health; most commonly being relevant to general patients (n = 61, 51%), and for use in general dental practice (n = 56, 47%). Further design outcome categories (digital material; printed material; object; room or space; apparel; process; smart device; tangible interface; graphical interface; virtual reality; service; policy; system) and oral health themes (oral health literacy; oral care training; dental clinic design; dental instruments and equipment; personal oral care; dental appliance; clinician health and productivity; clinical information systems; informed consent; oral health promotion and prevention; oral care training; patient interactions and experience) were identified.

Conclusions

The novel interactive evidence map of design in oral health created enables ongoing and open‐ended multivariant documentation and analysis of the evidence, as well as identification of strategic opportunities. Future research and policy implications include; recognition and engagement with the full capabilities of design; integration of design experts; fostering inclusive engagement and collaboration; disentangling patient and public involvement; advancing human‐centred systems approaches; adopting design‐led approaches for policy‐making.
Genetic findings in Czech patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy
Authors: Zídková Jana , Kramářová Tereza , Kopčilová Johana , Réblová Kamila , Haberlová Jana , Mazanec Radim , Voháňka Stanislav , Gřegořová Andrea , Langová Martina , Honzík Tomáš , Šoukalová Jana , Ošlejšková Hana , Solařová Pavla , Vyhnálková Emílie , Fajkusová Lenka
Published: August 2023

Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a genetically heterogeneous group of muscular dystrophies. The study presents an overview of molecular characteristics of a large cohort of LGMD patients who are representative of the Czech LGMD population. We present 226 LGMD probands in which 433 mutant alleles carrying 157 different variants with a supposed pathogenic effect were identified. Fifty‐four variants have been described only in the Czech LGMD population so far. LGMD R1 caplain3‐related is the most frequent subtype of LGMD involving 53.1% of patients with genetically confirmed LGMD, followed by LGMD R9 FKRP‐related (11.1%), and LGMD R12 anoctamin5‐related (7.1%). If we consider identified variants, then all but five were small‐scale variants. One large gene deletion was identified in the LAMA2 gene and two deletions in each of CAPN3 and SGCG. We performed comparison our result with other published studies. The results obtained in the Czech LGMD population clearly differ from the outcome of other LGMD populations in two aspects—we have a more significant proportion of patients with LGMD R1 calpain3‐related and a smaller proportion of LGMD R2 dysferlin‐related.
Laparoscopic versus ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane block in colorectal surgery: a non‐inferiority, multicentric randomized double‐blinded clinical trial
Authors: La Regina Davide , Popeskou Sotirios Georgios , Saporito Andrea , Gaffuri Paolo , Tasciotti Edoardo , Dossi Roberto , Christoforidis Dimitri , Mongelli Francesco
Published: August 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess if laparoscopic‐assisted transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block (L‐TAPB) is as efficient as ultrasound‐guided TAP block (U‐TAPB) in postoperative pain control.

Method

In all, 112 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic colon resection from February 2018 to December 2021 at two Swiss hospitals were included and randomized in a 1:1 ratio before surgery with either L‐TAPB or U‐TAPB. The primary end‐point was the non‐inferiority of the L‐TAPB compared to U‐TAPB with regard to the total opioid consumption within the first 24 h after surgery. Data regarding patients' characteristics, opioid consumption, pain on the visual analogue scale, operative and anaesthesia induction time, complications and length of stay were collected and analysed.

Results

Fifty‐five patients were allocated to the L‐TAPB and fifty‐seven to the U‐TAPB. No significant difference was found in the overall dose of opioids within 24 h, and the non‐inferiority of the L‐TAPB was confirmed. There were almost twice as many patients in the L‐TAPB group requesting opioid reserves compared to the U‐TAPB group (54.5% vs. 29.8%, P = 0.008). The anaesthesia induction time was significantly longer in the U‐TAPB group (17 ± 11 min vs. 23 ± 12 min, P = 0.014). For all other variables (pain on the visual analogue scale, opioid consumption, need of epidural analgesia, operating time, postoperative complications and hospital stay) no statistically significant difference between the L‐TAPB and the U‐TAPB groups was noted.

Conclusion

Our results showed the non‐inferiority of the laparoscopic delivery compared to ultrasound‐guided administration of the TAP block, with the advantage of not affecting anaesthesia times.

Study registration number

2017‐02017 CE 3294, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04575233.
Home noninvasive ventilation use in patients hospitalized with COPD
Authors: Fortis Spyridon , Gao Yubo , Rewerts Kelby , Sarrazin Mary Vaughan , Kaboli Peter J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The study objective was to estimate the prevalence of chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF) and home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use in a high‐risk population, individuals with a history of at least one COPD‐related hospitalizations.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical record data of patients with at least one COPD‐related hospitalization between October 1, 2011, and September 30, 2017, to the Iowa City VA Medical Center. We excluded individuals with no obstructive ventilatory defect.

Results

Of 186 patients, the overall prevalence of compensated hypercapnic respiratory failure (CompHRF), defined as PaCO2 > 45 mmHg with a pH = 7.35–7.45, was 52.7%, while the overall prevalence of home NIV was 4.3%. The prevalence of CompHRF was 43.6% and home NIV was 1.8% in those with one COPD‐related hospitalization. Among those with ≥4 COPD‐related hospitalizations, the prevalence of CompHRF was 77.8% (14 of 18), and home NIV was 11.1% (2 of 18).

Conclusion

Approximately half of individuals with at least one COPD‐related hospitalization have CompHRF, but only 8.2% of those use home NIV. Future studies should estimate CHRF rates and the degree of underutilization of home NIV in larger multicenter samples.
Mycophenolic acid therapeutic drug monitoring using area under the curve in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Newland David M. , Pak Jennifer L. , Ali Reda , Herzog Thiebaut , Nemeth Thomas L. , Tressel William , Kronmal Richard A. , Knorr Lisa R. , Albers Erin L. , Friedland‐Little Joshua M. , Ahmed Humera , Kemna Mariska S. , Hong Borah J. , Spencer Kathryn , Law Yuk M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) display substantial interpatient variability, with up to 10‐fold difference of exposure in individual patients under a fixed‐dose regimen. MPA trough level (C0) monitoring is common in clinical practice but has not proven sufficiently informative in predicting MPA exposure or patient outcomes, especially in children. No limited sampling strategies (LSSs) have been generated from pediatric heart transplant (HTx) recipients to estimate MPA AUC.

Methods

Single‐center, observational analysis of 135 de novo pediatric HTx recipients ≤21 years old who underwent MPA AUC between 2011 and 2021.

Results

Median age was 4 years (IQR .6–12.1). Median time from transplant to MPA AUC sampling was 15 days (IQR 11–19). MMF doses (mg or mg/day) had low, negative Pearson correlation coefficients (r) while doses adjusted for weight or body surface area had low correlation with Trapezoidal MPA AUC0–24 h (r = .3 and .383, respectively). MPA C0 had weak association (r = .451) with Trapezoidal MPA AUC0–24 h. LSS with two pharmacokinetic sampling time points at 90 (C3) and 360 (C5) min after MMF administration (estimated AUC0–24 h = 32.82 + 4.12 × C3 + 11.53 × C5) showed strong correlation with Trapezoidal MPA AUC0–24 h (r = .87).

Conclusion

MMF at fixed or weight‐adjusted doses, as well as MPA trough levels, correlate poorly with MPA AUC0–24 h. We developed novel LSSs to estimate Trapezoidal MPA AUC from a large cohort of pediatric HTx recipients. Validation of our LSSs should be completed in a separate cohort of pediatric HTx recipients.
French pronunciation instruction using the PACE model
Authors: Rose Céline , McBride Adam F.
Published: August 2023

As an overwhelming amount of research has demonstrated that educator preparation programs do not adequately prepare instructors to teach pronunciation, this study aims to help teachers of foreign languages to implement and improve pronunciation instruction (PI) in their classroom by adapting PACE (Presentation, Attention, Co‐construction, and Extension), the commonly used model for grammar instruction. The present study explores the efficacy of this model in improving learners' ability (1) to associate target phonemes with the appropriate phonological context and (2) to produce target phonemes distinctly in a spontaneous speech task. Data suggest that a modified PACE model for PI can be effective in both intermediate‐ and advanced‐level courses. The possibility of adapting an existing and well‐known method for teaching grammar would allow teachers to implement and/or improve their PI with minimal additional training.
Gender, risk, and presentation of self in “caring” prison work: Insights from institutional parole officers in Canada
Authors: Norman Mark , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Maier Katharina
Published: August 2023

While scholars have investigated how prison workers understand and navigate occupational risks through performances of gender, most studies have focused on staff in security roles whose organizational cultures value displays of masculinities premised on characteristics such as toughness and stoicism. Less scholarly attention has considered how prison staff in nonsecurity roles, who perform duties oriented toward using interpersonal skills and helping others—characteristics that are commonly associated with female‐dominated helping professions—understand and navigate risk through gendered forms of impression management. The current study explores the question of how one such occupational group, institutional parole officers (IPOs) working in Canadian federal prisons, performs gender in response to both their perceptions of workplace risk and their occupational, and often personal, commitment to supporting the rehabilitation of prisoners. We organize and analyze our findings using Goffman's (1959) theory of impression management to demonstrate that IPOs, as they attempt to both support prisoners and mitigate the perceived risks of a prison workplace, perform gendered presentations of self that fluidly incorporate aspects of masculinities and femininities. However, we also argue that female IPOs experience greater feelings of workplace vulnerabilities and, thus, perform more impression management labor than their male counterparts. Our analysis thus deepens the limited literature on gendered presentations of self among nonsecurity prison workers by situating gender performances within the occupational risks experienced in the prison workplace.
Internet and social media preferences of orthopaedic patients vary according to factors such as age and education levels
Authors: Gencer Batuhan , Doğan Özgür , Çulcu Ahmet , Ülgen Nuri Koray , Çamoğlu Can , Arslan Mehmet Murat , Mert Orhan , Yiğit Alperen , Yeni Teoman Bekir , Hanege Furkan , Gencer Elif Nur , Biçimoğlu Ali
Published: August 2023

Background

Patients can often access the internet and social media for health information but it is not clear how much they trust and use the information retrieved.

Objective

To investigate the social media and internet use rates and preferences of orthopaedic patients, to reveal to what extent they self‐treat, and to probe the affecting factors.

Methods

Two thousand fifty‐eight patients admitted to an orthopaedic polyclinic were asked to fill out a survey (voluntarily) consisting of 15 items, to collect demographic data, preference for platforms and sources used, trusted sources, and the extent to which information obtained was used for self‐care.

Results

The most preferred and most trusted sources of information were Google and other search engines, and physicians' personal websites (p < 0.001).

Discussion

Variables such as age, gender, educational level and occupation affect the research preferences. Reliance on social media decreases with increasing educational levels (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Health information and knowledge services should work with health professionals to improve aspects of health literacy among orthopaedic patients.
Effects of topic familiarity on L2 writing processes and behaviors
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Yu Hanjing
Published: August 2023

The present study aims to investigate how topic familiarity influences the writing processes and behaviors of 57 Chinese English as a foreign language learners. The quantitative keystroke logging data sketched out participants’ general writing processes and behaviors. Additionally, two focal writers from different writing tasks were interviewed using a post‐task stimulated recall method, and the qualitative data from their comments together with their writing process graphs supported by Inputlog8.0 were analyzed to complement the quantitative results. Results showed that writing on a less familiar topic resulted in longer planning time, shorter texts, slower writing pace, and less revision compared to writing on a more familiar topic. Data analysis confirmed the role of topic familiarity in determining the allocation of time among L2 writing sub‐processes and patterns of L2 writers’ writing behaviors.
Nutritional quality and bioactive compounds of arugula (Eruca sativa L.) sprouts and microgreens
Authors: Komeroski Marina Rocha , Portal Keyla Araujo , Comiotto Jorgiana , Klug Tâmmila Venzke , Flores Simone Hickmann , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira
Published: August 2023

As an alternative to vegetables in their traditional stages of maturation, sprouts, and microgreens are increasing in popularity mainly due to the potential health benefit of the contents of bioactive compounds. This work aimed to evaluate and compare the nutritional profile and the bioactive compounds of arugula (Eruca sativa L.) sprouts and microgreens produced organically in a hydroponic system. Seeds were placed in phenolic foams and soaked in water for 48 h to promote germination according to the supplier's recommendation. Sown trays were placed on top of perforated polystyrene boards and irrigated using a nutrient solution. Seeded trays were kept in a controlled environment and were exposed to 12 h photoperiod. Sprouts were harvested after 7 days of germination, while the microgreens were harvested after 14. As a result, these vegetables showed a high protein content, with sprouts being statistically different from microgreens (24.8% sprouts; 18.2% microgreens), with an excellent content of total fibre (34.3% sprouts; 28.7% microgreens) and soluble fibre (11.5% sprouts; 6.7% microgreens). Regarding the bioactive compounds, the predominance of carotenoids zeaxanthin and β‐carotene in the sprouts (41.8 and 19.8 μg g−1, respectively) and the identification of more compounds as O‐glucosides derived from flavonoids in the microgreens were noted.
Mutational landscape of phenylketonuria in Iran
Authors: Ajami Naser , Soleimani Anvar , Jafarzadeh‐Esfehani Reza , Hasanpour Mojtaba , Rashid Shomali Romina , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2023

To date more than 1000 different variants in thePAHgene have been identified in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). In Iran, several studies have been performed to investigate the genetics bases of the PKU in different parts of the country. In this study, we have analysed and present an update of the mutational landscape of thePAHgene as well as the population genetics and frequencies of detected variants for each cohort. Published articles on PKU mutations in Iran were identified through a comprehensive PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science (ISI), SCOPUS, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library and SID literature search using the terms: “phenylketonuria”, “hyperphenylalaninemia”, and “PKU” in combination with “Iran”, “Iranian population”, “mutation analysis”, and “Molecular genetics”. Among the literature‐related to genetics of PKU, 18 studies were on the PKU mutations. According to these studies, in different populations of Iran 1497 patients were included for mutation detection that resulted in detection of 129 different mutations. Results of genetic analysis of the different cohorts of Iranian PKU patients show that the most prevalent mutation in Iran is the pathogenic splice variant c.1066‐11G > A, occurring in 19.54% of alleles in the cohort. Four other common mutations were p.Arg261Gln, p.Pro281Leu, c.168 + 5G > C and p.Arg243Ter (8.18%, 6.45%, 5.88% and 3.7%, respectively). One notable feature of the studied populations is its high rate of consanguineous marriages. Considering this feature, determining the prevalent PKU mutations could be advantageous for designing screening and diagnostic panels in Iran.
Micro‐sequences of anger and shame and non‐suicidal self‐injury in youth: an ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Kudinova Anastacia Y. , Brick Leslie A. , Armey Michael , Nugent Nicole R.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a significant mental health concern with the highest prevalence among adolescents. NSSI has been conceptualized as one of the maladaptive strategies to cope with challenging affect or a form of self‐punishment. Although characterizing moment‐to‐moment associations between shame and NSSI in individuals' real‐world environment and partitioning between‐ and within‐person effects is critical for mobile and timely interventions, most studies examined habitual experiences of negative affective states and focused on adults.

Method

In this study, we focused on in vivo anger at self and others and shame and NSSI among 158 adolescents 3 weeks following their psychiatric hospitalizations using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) technology.

Results

We found that greater between‐person levels of anger at self and others were linked to a higher number of subsequent NSSI occurrences within a day. These findings remained primarily unchanged when we statistically adjusted for participants' age, sex assigned at birth, the number of current psychiatric diagnoses, EMA response rates, and youth lifetime history of SI. Within‐person increases in NSSI were linked to increased anger at self over and beyond between‐person average levels of NSSI.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the potential regulatory role of NSSI to decrease negative affective states and point to the clinical utility of assessing and early mobile interventions targeting challenging affect in youth.
Combination of fractional carbon dioxide laser with recombinant human collagen in periocular skin rejuvenation
Authors: Wu Hui‐Hui , Chen Mei‐Qing , Liu Juan‐Hua , Song Lu‐Li , Luo Di‐Qing , Lu Jing‐Fa , Zhao Yu‐Kun
Published: August 2023

Background

The most visible sign of facial aging is often seen in the periocular area. However, periocular rejuvenation remains challenging due to the particularity of periocular anatomic locations.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the fractional‐ablative CO2 laser‐facilitated recombinant human collagen permeation in periocular rejuvenation.

Patients/Methods

This 3‐month prospective single‐blinded and self‐controlled trial enrolled 26 patients with periocular aging who underwent the treatments of fractional‐ablative CO2 laser along with laser‐facilitated recombinant human collagen permeation. Following the treatments, the patients were quantitatively assessed by various periocular skin aging indices before and after the treatment and monitored for any related adverse events.

Results

The patients showed significant improvements with the periocular skin aging indices 3 months after the treatments, which were detailed with a 47.3% decrease in lower eyelid skin rhytids, a 41.4% decrease in the lower eyelid skin texture, a 35.0% decrease in the static crow's feet, a 29.3% decrease in the amount of upper eyelid laxity, and a 20.2% increase in the MRD1 as compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Moreover, total skin thickness under ultrasound was increased in both upper and lower eyelids (5.6% and 3.3%, p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, six patients (23.1%, 6/26) had erythema for 2 weeks, and two (2/26, 7.7%) had mild hyperpigmentation for 3 months.

Conclusions

Fractional‐ablative CO2 laser combined with laser‐facilitated recombinant human collagen permeation can be a safe and effective treatment for periocular rejuvenation.
Development of monoclonal antibodies to target the large surface protein of hepatitis B virus and their use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications
Authors: Paul Subha Sankar , Patwa Som Mohanlal , Tan Yee‐Joo
Published: August 2023

Over 250 million people are living with chronic infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV has three surface proteins, namely small (SHBs), medium (MHBs) and large (LHBs), and they play different roles in the virus life cycle. The approved hepatitis B vaccine only contains the SHBs protein and many studies have focused on characterising the functional domains in SHBs. Although the LHBs protein is less studied, recent studies have shown that it plays important roles in mediating viral entry, replication and assembly. Over the years, there have been major advancements in monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery tools and multiple mAbs have been developed to specifically target the preS1 domain in LHBs. We summarise the HBV infection systems and antibody discovery strategies that have been utilised by various research groups to assess the potential use of anti‐preS1 mAbs as therapeutic antibodies against HBV or in the development of new diagnostic assays.
First report of medulloblastoma in a patient with MUTYH‐associated polyposis
Authors: Villy Marie‐Charlotte , Warcoin Mathilde , Filser Mathilde , Buecher Bruno , Golmard Lisa , Suybeng Voreak , Schwartz Mathias , Bieche Ivan , Vacher Sophie , Laurence Valérie , Bourdeaut Franck , Bernier Michèle , Gutman Tom , Stoppa‐Lyonnet Dominique , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Colas Chrystelle
Published: August 2023

Aims

The mutY DNA glycosylase encoded by the MUTYH gene prevents G:C → T:A transversions through the base excision repair DNA repair system. Germline biallelic pathogenic variants in MUTYH cause an adenomatous polyposis called MUTYH‐associated polyposis (MAP), an autosomal recessive disease (OMIM: 608456), with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Digestive lesions in this context show an excess of G:C → T:A transversions, individualising a specific mutational signature associated with MUTYH deficiency called signature SBS36. Predisposition to other tumours in patients with germline biallelic pathogenic variants in MUTYH is suspected but remains unclear. We report the first case of medulloblastoma in a patient with MAP, carrying the homozygous pathogenic variant c.1227_1228dup, p.(Glu410Glyfs*43) in MUTYH.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing was performed on the medulloblastoma to enlighten single nucleotide variants of interest, microsatellite status and mutational signature. The objective was to determine the involvement of MUTYH deficiency in the oncogenesis of this medulloblastoma.

Results

The medulloblastoma has the mutational signature SBS36 and driver pathogenic variants in CTNNB1, PTCH1 and KDM6A corresponding to G:C → T:A transversions, suggesting a role of MUTYH deficiency in oncogenesis.

Conclusions

Therefore, medulloblastoma could be a rare manifestation associated with germline biallelic pathogenic variants in MUTYH.
Senile plaque‐associated transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 in Alzheimer's disease: A case report spanning 16 years of memory loss
Authors: Carlos Arenn F. , Koga Shunsuke , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Baker Matthew C. , Rademakers Rosa , Ross Owen A. , Dickson Dennis W. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: August 2023

Transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) pathological inclusions are found in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD‐TDP) and Alzheimer's disease (AD‐TDP). While clinically different, TDP‐43 inclusions in FTLD‐TDP and AD can have similar morphological characteristics. However, TDP‐43 colocalizing with tau and forming “apple‐bite” or “flame‐shaped” neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) are only found in AD‐TDP. Here, we describe a case with AD and neuritic plaque‐associated TDP‐43. The patient was a 96‐year‐old right‐handed Caucasian woman who had developed a slowly progressive amnestic syndrome compatible with typical AD at age 80. Genetic testing revealed APOE ε3/ε4, GRN r5848 CT, and MAPT H1/H2 genotype. Consistent with the old age at onset and long disease duration, limbic‐predominant AD was found at autopsy, with high hippocampal yet low cortical neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) counts. Hippocampal and amygdala sclerosis were present. Immunohistochemistry for phospho‐TDP‐43 showed NCIs, dystrophic neurites, and rare neuronal intranuclear inclusions consistent with FTLD‐TDP type A, as well as tau NFT‐associated TDP‐43 inclusions. These were frequent in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, occipitotemporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus but sparse in the mid‐frontal cortex. Additionally, there were TDP‐43‐immunoreactive inclusions forming plaque‐like structures in the molecular layer of the dentate fascia of the hippocampus. The presence of neuritic plaques in the same region was confirmed using thioflavin‐S fluorescent microscopy and immunohistochemistry for phospho‐tau. Double labeling immunofluorescence showed colocalization of TDP‐43 and tau within neuritic plaques. Other pathologies included mild Lewy body pathology predominantly affecting the amygdala and olfactory bulb, aging‐related tau astrogliopathy, and mixed small vessel disease (arteriolosclerosis and amyloid angiopathy) with several cortical microinfarcts. In conclusion, we have identified TDP‐43 colocalizing with tau in neuritic plaques in AD, which expands the association of TDP‐43 and tau in AD beyond NFTs. The clinical correlate of this plaque‐associated TDP‐43 appears to be a slowly progressive amnestic syndrome.
Soil properties constrain predicted poleward migration of plants under climate change
Authors: Ni Ming , Vellend Mark
Published: August 2023

Many plant species are predicted to migrate poleward in response to climate change. Species distribution models (SDMs) have been widely used to quantify future suitable habitats, but they often neglect soil properties, despite the importance of soil for plant fitness. As soil properties often change along latitudinal gradients, higher‐latitude soils might be more or less suitable than average conditions within the current ranges of species, thereby accelerating or slowing potential poleward migration.

In this study, we built three SDMs – one with only climate predictors, one with only soil predictors, and one with both – for each of 1870 plant species in Eastern North America, in order to investigate the relative importance of soil properties in determining plant distributions and poleward shifts under climate change.

While climate variables were the most important predictors, soil properties also had a substantial influence on continental‐scale plant distributions. Under future climate scenarios, models including soil predicted much smaller northward shifts in distributions than climate‐only models (c. 40% reduction).

Our findings strongly suggest that high‐latitude soils are likely to impede ongoing plant migration, and they highlight the necessity of incorporating soil properties into models and predictions for plant distributions and migration under environmental change.
The melanocortin receptor signaling system and its role in neuroprotection against neurodegeneration: Therapeutic insights
Authors: Gebrie Alemu
Published: August 2023

The melanocortin signaling system consists of the melanocortin peptides, their distinctive receptors, accessory proteins, and endogenous antagonists. Melanocortin peptides are small peptide hormones that have been studied in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. There are five types of melanocortin receptors, and they are distributed within the central nervous system and in several tissues of the periphery. The G protein–coupled melanocortin receptors typically signal through adenylyl cyclase and other downstream signaling pathways. Depending on the ligand, surface expression of melanocortin receptor, receptor occupancy period, related proteins, the type of cell, and other parameters, the signaling pathways are complicated and pleiotropic. While it is known that all five melanocortin receptors are coupled to Gs, they can also occasionally couple to Gq or Gi. Both direct and indirect neuroprotection are induced by the melanocortin signaling system. Targeting several of the components of the melanocortin signaling system (ligands, receptors, accessory proteins, signaling effectors, and regulators) may provide therapeutic opportunities. Activation of the melanocortin system improves different functional traits in neurodegenerative diseases. There is a potential for additional melanocortin system interventions by interfering with dimerization or dissociation. This review aims to discuss the melanocortin receptor signaling system and its role in neuroprotection, as well as its therapeutic potential.
Antipodean more‐than‐human geographies: From the edges
Authors: Siimes Nikolai , Yee Kenzi , McSherry Alice , Sharp Emma L.
Published: August 2023

To be more‐than‐human is to be relational, to no longer see the human as a discrete individual and to recognise the multivalent agency and import of the non‐human in bio‐physical, socio‐economic and cultural worlds. This Special Issue galvanises an interest by Aotearoa New Zealand geographers in non‐human–human relations and delivers more‐than‐human research from the edges: of the discipline, from our geographic position antipodal to ‘the west’ and ‘the north’, from early career researchers and from cognate literatures at the periphery of geographic thought. The contributions here question understandings of ethics, politics, conservation and economy through papers that explore affect, care, agency, discourses and practices with a range of more‐than‐human subject‐objects: blackberries, wine yeasts, insects, PFAS and urban streams.
Multiple dimensions of biodiversity mediate effects of temperature on invertebrate herbivory in a montane grassland
Authors: Halliday Fletcher W. , Cappelli Seraina L. , Laine Anna‐Liisa
Published: August 2023

Invertebrate herbivores are important and diverse, and their abundance and impacts will likely shift under climate change. Yet, past studies of invertebrate herbivory have documented highly variable responses to changing temperature, making it challenging to predict the direction and magnitude of these shifts. One explanation for these responses is that changing environmental conditions drive concurrent changes in plant communities and herbivore traits. The impacts of changing temperature on herbivory might therefore depend on how temperature combines and interacts with characteristics of plant and herbivore communities. To test this, we surveyed damage to leaves by invertebrate herbivores on 4400 plant individuals in 220 sampling plots along a 1101 m elevational gradient. Increasing temperature drove community‐level herbivory via at least three overlapping mechanisms: increasing temperature directly reduced herbivory, indirectly affected herbivory by reducing plant‐community phylogenetic diversity, and indirectly affected herbivory by altering the effects of plant‐community functional and phylogenetic diversity on herbivory. Consequently, increasing plant functional diversity reduced herbivory in colder environments while increasing plant phylogenetic diversity increased herbivory in warmer environments. Moreover, different herbivore feeding guilds varied in their response to temperature and plant community composition. These results indicate that, even along a single elevation gradient in a single year, a variety of mechanisms can concurrently drive herbivory, thereby supporting the hypothesis that a universal response of herbivory to changing environmental conditions is unlikely to exist. Instead, our results highlight the importance of considering both plant and herbivore community context to predict how climate change will alter invertebrate herbivory.
TheMorel‐LavalléeLesion: Review and Update on Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Yang Yun , Tang Ting‐ting
Published: August 2023

Morel‐Lavallée lesion is a closed soft tissue degloving injury usually associated with high‐velocity trauma. It most commonly occurs in the thigh, hip, and pelvis. Because such lesions are prone to a missed or delayed diagnosis, it may present a potential risk of infection at the fracture site once it progresses. Therefore, timely identification and management of Morel‐Lavallée lesion is crucial. Moreover, there are no relevant guidelines for the treatment of Morel‐Lavallée lesion. Based on the above facts, we reviewed the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, treatment, prognosis, and complications of Morel‐Lavallée lesion with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of Morel‐Lavallée lesion, increasing awareness of this injury among orthopaedic surgeons, and thus providing a management algorithm that can be applied to this injury.
COVID‐19 associated severe mucocutaneous blistering eruptions: A case series
Authors: Miller Allison E. , Zhang Donglin , Shields Bridget E. , Borghesi Alessandro , Benincaso Anna R. , Bernardo Luca , Ramien Michele , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Kirkorian A. Yasmine , Maguiness Sheilagh , Drolet Beth
Published: August 2023

Mucocutaneous eruptions are associated with numerous infectious processes and can present as erythema multiforme (EM), reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME), Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS), or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Limited reports have detailed the association of these eruptions with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We present a series of eight cases of severe mucocutaneous blistering eruptions associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. A retrospective case series was performed at six tertiary medical centers from March 1, 2020 to August 1, 2022. Inclusion criteria were met with a clinical diagnosis of EM, RIME, SJS, or TEN and a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test (rapid antigen or polymerase chain reaction) less than 4 weeks prior to onset of dermatologic manifestation. Data was collected at time of each patient encounter. Eight patients met criteria with six pediatric patients (<18 years of age) having a median age of 15 years and two adult patients (>18 years of age) having a median age of 36 years. Patients were found to have a clinical diagnosis of RIME in 85.7% of cases. Oral mucosal involvement was the most common clinical finding (100%), followed by ocular (50.0%), urogenital (50.0%), and skin (37.5%) involvement. Evaluation did not reveal any additional infectious triggers in four patients. Evidence of possible concurrent or previous infectious triggers were identified in four patients. This case series highlights the development of severe mucocutaneous eruptions in association with COVID‐19 infection, as well as the potential contributing role of concurrent or prior infections.