bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A influência dos stakeholders no ambiente estratégico de uma cooperativa de crédito: efeitos da munificência
Authors: Pavão Yeda Maria Pereira , Dalfovo Michael Samir , Escobar Maria Andréa Rocha , Rossetto Carlos Ricardo
Published: December 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre as estratégias de influência dos stakeholders, o ambiente munificente, e a capacidade de administração dos stakeholders na Viacredi Cooperativa de Crédito de Blumenau / SC. O principal parâmetro teórico e analítico foi obtido nos estudos efetuados por Freeman (1984), Frooman (1999), e Castrogiovanni (1991). A análise documental e de conteúdo foram realizadas por meio de procedimento descritivo-qualitativo,. A unidade de análise foi o nível estratégico (Presidente), tático e operacional. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a comunidade, cooperados, funcionários, instituições financeiras e governo como sendo os stakeholders primários da Viacredi. Outro resultado foi à preocupação da gestão em considerar o ambiente, seja interno ou externo, para a tomada de decisão, visto o ambiente ser identificado como complexo e munificente em termos de abundância de recursos. Conclui-se que há uma relação de interdependência entre os agentes envolvidos no ambiente organizacional da Viacredi.
Uma análise da mudança de produtividade da alocação de recursos públicos na atenção básica da saúde em municípios da região sudeste brasileira
Authors: Gonçalves Márcio Augusto , Santos Lucas Maia dos , Dias Alexandre Teixeira , Marques Ferreira Marco Aurélio
Published: December 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos municípios da região sudeste do Brasil na alocação de recursos na atenção básica da saúde, nos anos de 2007 a 2010. Utilizou-se índices de eficiência da metodologia de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) como medida de desempenho, avaliando se houve alterações na produtividade destes municípios. A variação da produtividade foi mensurada pelo índice de Malmquist adaptado por Ray e Desly (1997). Analisando 1.097 municípios, pôde-se inferir que a maioria deles apresentou redução da produtividade na alocação de recursos na atenção básica na região sudeste do Brasil.
O Papel de Uma Universidade Corporativa para o desenvolvimento da Aprendizagem Organizacional: Análise de uma Empresa de Serviços de Saúde
Authors: Dos Santos José Antonio Alves , Nascimento Rejane Prevot , De Andrade Rui Otávio Bernardes , Dos Santos Vânia Martins
Published: December 2012

Este estudo investiga a universidade corporativa de uma empresa de serviços de saúde com objetivo de identificar como a educação corporativa pode fomentar a construção do conhecimento entre os empregados. No estudo de caso qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os diretores, professores e funcionários envolvidos com a universidade corporativa. Os resultados mostraram que os programas da universidade corporativa desenvolvem nos funcionários habilidades orientadas para os objetivos estratégicos da empresa. Contudo, o uso exclusivo da modalidade de cursos presenciais, sua limitação para a força de trabalho e para a ausência de mecanismos específicos de avaliação é apontado como os fatores críticos do modelo.
VALORACIÓN ECONÓMICA DEL RECICLAJE DE DESECHOS URBANOS
Authors: Valdivia-Alcalá Ramón , Abelino-Torres Gonzalo , López-Santiago Marco A. , Zavala-Pineda María J.
Published: December 2012

En este estudio se realizó una valoración económica aplicando el método de valoración contin- gente referéndum (MVCR), para implementar un sistema de reciclaje. Para ello, la población del municipio de Texcoco, Estado de México, se eligió como caso de estudio. Un muestreo aleatorio simple se aplicó con un nivel de confianza de 95 %, a nivel hogar, obteniendo una muestra total de 402 hogares. Los resultados mostraron que más del 90 % de los jefes de hogar están cons- cientes del problema de la basura, el 70 % conoce poco sobre el reciclaje y casi el 100 % está de acuerdo en que es necesario implementar un sistema de reciclamiento. La disposición a pagar (DAP) por hogar se estimó con la aplicación del MVCR y mediante un ajuste LOGIT binomial. El monto estimado de la DAP fue igual a $27.18 semanales, con beneficios totales de $1,295,915.00 semanales. Los coeficientes del modelo se estimaron con máxima verosimilitud.
INCIDENCIA DE INSECTOS DEPREDADORES SOBRE LAS ORQUÍDEAS DE LA ESTACIÓN CIENTÍFICA LAS JOYAS, JALISCO, MÉXICO
Authors: González-Díaz Seidel , Rivera-Cervantes Luis E. , Cuevas-Guzmán Ramón , Solís-Magallanes J. Arturo , Santana-Michel Francisco J.
Published: December 2012

Se evaluó la incidencia de insectos depredadores sobre las orquídeas existentes en siete parcelas ubicadas en la Estación Científica Las Joyas (ECLJ), Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México. La investi- gación se realizó entre los meses de septiembre de 2009 y febrero de 2010. Fueron identificadas 130 especies de 16 géneros de orquídeas. Las principales especies de orquídeas hospederas de insectos fitófagos en la ECLJ son S. martiniana, C. pendula, O. tigrinum y R. splendens. Todas mostraron da- ños considerables en sus órganos por la incidencia de hemípteros fitófagos. Las especies de insectos fitófagos que provocaron el daño mayor en las orquídeas fueron M. lutem y A. spiraecola (Patch). Los insectos causaron daños considerables en las especies localizadas en las áreas antropizadas. Esta evaluación permitirá mejorar la estrategia actual de conservación de Orchidaceae en Jalisco.
Systematic and rapid extraction of direct downwelling irradiance estimates from Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder archives
Authors: Horseman A. M. , Richardson T. , Boardman A. T. , Tych W. , Timmis R. , MacKenzie A. R.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. An improved, semi-automatic method for analysing the cards from the widely used Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder is described. We show how the application of inexpensive commercial equipment and practices can simply and robustly build an archive of high-quality card images and manipulate them into a form suitable for easy further analysis. Rectified and registered digital images are produced, with the card's midday marker in the middle of the longest side, and with a temporal scaling of 150 px h−1. The method improves on previous, mostly manual, analyses by simplifying and automating steps into a process capable of handling thousands of cards in a practical time-scale. A prototype method of extraction of data from this archive is then tested by comparison with records from a co-located pyrheliometer at a resolution of the order of minutes. The comparison demonstrates that the Campbell-Stokes recorder archive contains a time series of downwelling solar-irradiance-related data with similar characteristics to that of benchmark pyrheliometer data from the baseline solar radiation network. A universal transfer function for card burn to direct downwelling short-wave radiation is still some way off and is the subject of ongoing research. Until such time as a universal transfer function is available, specific functions for extracting data in particular circumstances offer a useful way forward. The new image-capture method offers a practical way to exploit the worldwide sets of long-term Campbell-Stokes recorder data to create a time series of solar irradiance and atmospheric aerosol loading metrics reaching back over 100 yr from the present day.
Management, regulation and environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilization in northwestern Europe under the Nitrates Directive; a benchmark study
Authors: van Grinsven H. J. M. , ten Berge H. F. M. , Dalgaard T. , Fraters B. , Durand P. , Hart A. , Hofman G. , Jacobsen B. H. , Lalor S. T. J. , Lesschen J. P. , Osterburg B. , Richards K. G. , Techen A.-K. , Vertès F. , Webb J. , Willems W. J.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Implementation of the Nitrates Directive (NiD) and its environmental impacts were compared for member states in the northwest of the European Union (Ireland, United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Northern France and Germany). The main sources of data were national reports for the third reporting period for the NiD (2004–2007) and results of the MITERRA-EUROPE model. Implementation of the NiD in the considered member states is fairly comparable regarding restrictions for where and when to apply fertilizer and manure, but very different regarding application limits for N fertilization. Issues of concern and improvement of the implementation of the NiD are accounting for the fertilizer value of nitrogen in manure, and relating application limits for total nitrogen (N) to potential crop yield and N removal. The most significant environmental effect of the implementation of the NiD since 1995 is a major contribution to the decrease of the soil N balance (N surplus), particularly in Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. This decrease is accompanied by a modest decrease of nitrate concentrations since 2000 in fresh surface waters in most countries. This decrease is less prominent for groundwater in view of delayed response of nitrate in deep aquifers. In spite of improved fertilization practices, the southeast of the Netherlands, the Flemish Region and Brittany remain to be regions of major concern in view of a combination of a high nitrogen surplus, high leaching fractions to groundwater and tenacious exceedance of the water quality standards. On average the gross N balance in 2008 for the seven member states in EUROSTAT and in national reports was about 20 kg N ha−1 yr−1 lower than by MITERRA. The major cause is higher estimates of N removal in national reports which can amount to more than 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Differences between procedures in member states to assess nitrogen balances and water quality and a lack of cross-boundary policy evaluations are handicaps when benchmarking the effectiveness of the NiD. This provides a challenge for the European Commission and its member states, as the NiD remains an important piece of legislation for protecting drinking water quality in regions with many private or small public production facilities and controlling aquatic eutrophication from agricultural sources.
Automated quality control methods for sensor data: a novel observatory approach
Authors: Taylor J. R. , Loescher H. L.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. National and international networks and observatories of terrestrial-based sensors are emerging rapidly. As such, there is demand for a standardized approach to data quality control, as well as interoperability of data among sensor networks. The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) has begun constructing their first terrestrial observing sites with 60 locations expected to be distributed across the US by 2017. This will result in over 14 000 automated sensors recording more than > 100 Tb of data per year. These data are then used to create other datasets and subsequent "higher-level" data products. In anticipation of this challenge, an overall data quality assurance plan has been developed and the first suite of data quality control measures defined. This data-driven approach focuses on automated methods for defining a suite of plausibility test parameter thresholds. Specifically, these plausibility tests scrutinize data range, persistence, and stochasticity on each measurement type by employing a suite of binary checks. The statistical basis for each of these tests is developed and the methods for calculating test parameter thresholds are explored here. While these tests have been used elsewhere, we apply them in a novel approach by calculating their relevant test parameter thresholds. Finally, implementing automated quality control is demonstrated with preliminary data from a NEON prototype site.
An improved symmetric SOR iterative method for augmented systems
Authors: Khojasteh Salkuyeh Davod , Shamsi Somayyeh , Sadeghi Amir
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the improved symmetric SOR (ISSOR) iterative method is introduced to solve augmented systems. Convergence properties of the proposed method are studied. Some numerical experiments of the ISSOR method are given to compare with that of the well-known SOR-like and MSSOR methods.
El Periodismo y sus fronteras
Authors: Fernández Beltrán Francisco
Published: December 2012

Introducción a la sección Tribuna de adComunica
El gabinete de prensa ante el nuevo ecosistema informativo digital
Authors: Bustos Rosa de
Published: December 2012

Artículo para la sección Tribuna de adComunica.
Retos de los servicios de comunicación ante la Universidad 2.0
Authors: Marín Ruiz Antonio
Published: December 2012

Artículo para la sección Tribuna de adComunica.
La identidad híbrida de la industria audiovisual: periodismo e infoentretenimiento en televisión
Authors: Ramos del Cano Fátima
Published: December 2012

Reseña de:Casero Ripollés, Andreu y Marzal Felici, Javier (editores) (2011).Periodismo en televisión. Nuevos horizontes, nuevas tendencias.Zamora, Comunicación social. Ediciones y publicaciones.
Retos del periodismo ante el nuevo escenario digital
Authors: López Rabadán Pablo , Murciano Martínez Marcial
Published: December 2012

Introducción a la sección informe sobre Retos del periodismo ante el nuevo escenario digital.
Transformación en la audiencia, transformación en los medios: un marco para el estudio de los retos y estrategias de las empresas periodísticas
Authors: Justel Vázquez Santiago
Published: December 2012

A la primera gran crisis económica del siglo XXI los medios de comunicación suman una crisis coyuntural de la industria periodística más profunda y un proceso de transformación derivado de la consolidación de Internet. Una consolidación que si bien ha revolucionado la sociedad en su conjunto, ha dejado especial huella en determinados sectores, entre ellos, el de los medios de comunicación. En este contexto de crisis y transformación  se plantea la cuestión de la necesidad de las empresas informativas de adaptarse a la nueva realidad para sobrevivir encontrando un modelo de negocio que funcione en el escenario actual sin que ello signifique el descuido de su función social.  El presente texto, construido a partir de aportaciones teóricas y valoraciones desde el mundo profesional –incluyendo material inédito de entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de la división digital del Grupo Godó–, repasa retos y oportunidades en el escenario de los medios de comunicación. Por ejemplo, la tecnología actual permite que los medios puedan tener en el entorno digital un conocimiento preciso de las preferencias y el comportamiento de su audiencia, cada vez más activa y protagonista, con la que se han abierto numerosos canales de interacción y diálogo. Esta posibilidad de conocer mejor al público es una de las oportunidades del periodismo en Internet, pero puede también conducir a primar criterios comerciales basados en las preferencias de este por encima de otros criterios periodísticos.
La pérdida de objetividad en las noticias de los programas de infoentretenimiento en televisión
Authors: Marín Lladó Carles
Published: December 2012

Los géneros tradicionalmente informativos de televisión han ido cambiando a medida que los programas de infoentretenimiento se han asentado en todas las parrillas de televisión españolas, tanto en las cadenas públicas y privadas, como en las regionales. La espectacularización de estos espacios basados principalmente en la noticia, pero también en la entrevista y el reportaje, ha provocado una pérdida de la objetividad en sus contenidos. Sin duda nos encontramos en una nueva era de la televisión en la que géneros y formatos se están transformando definitivamente. La información con la opinión y los límites que separan el infoentretenimiento del espectáculo se mezclan con total asiduidad y, por supuesto, impunidad, para retornar después a la información más supuestamente estricta y rigurosa.
¿Por qué leer la prensa regional hoy en día?
Authors: Ballarini Loïc
Published: December 2012

A pesar de un declive continuo en sus ventas, la prensa diaria y semanal regional permanece en Francia como el tipo de prensa de información más leída, muy por delante de los diarios nacionales y las revistas de información. Este artículo busca comprender por qué se lee hoy en día la prensa local.  Extraído de mi tesis, los resultados surgieron de entrevistas con los lectores así como de un análisis de contenido de la prensa regional bretona. Las motivaciones para leer periódicos regionales permanecen estables en el tiempo. Para empezar, uno no elije su «periódico preferido»: frecuentemente, se hereda la lectura de los padres, o bien, se lee lo que está disponible en el lugar donde se come. Existen, a continuación, dos maneras de leer un regional. Una lectura geográfica que reenvía a las diferentes escalas del territorio y una lectura temática, que descansa sobre los centros de interés (información-servicios, resultados deportivos, obituarios…). Tanto en un caso como en el otro, la prensa regional aparece lejos de la misión de animadora del espacio público local que reivindica. No participa menos en el mantenimiento de un entramado social elemental que pasa por la transmisión de informaciones prácticas y noticias detalladas. La prensa regional no puede considerarse como la única representante del espacio público, pero constituye un elemento de la misma. Desde el punto de vista del lector, es un complemento de otros medios de comunicación, notablemente los digitales y las conversaciones cotidianas. Esta constatación es una invitación a redefinir el espacio público de una manera más abierta, fragmentada y dinámica. Esto puede alcanzarse abriendo la concepción del espacio público a nuevas dimensiones, tales como los intercambios orales diarios (Arendt), la articulación entre las escalas de territorio (Lacoste) y los procesos de socialización (Elias, Percherón), donde lo local es el lugar privilegiado.
Todo está cambiando. Situación de crisis, contexto de oportunidades
Authors: Domènech Fabregat Hugo
Published: December 2012

Introducción a la sección Otras investigaciones del número 4 de adComunica.
Cancer after Heart Transplant: Implications for Practice
Authors: Wagner Jean A.
Published: December 2012

Cancer after heart transplant is recognized as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A man's clinical course after receiving a heart transplant is described, with emphasis on important clinical considerations in the care of heart transplant recipients.
Severe craniosynostosis in an infant with deletion 22q11.2 syndrome
Authors: Al‐Hertani W. , Hastings V.A. , McGowan‐Jordan J. , Hurteau J. , Graham Gail E.
Published: December 2012

We report a male infant with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and very severe multi‐sutural craniosynostosis associated with increased intracranial pressure, marked displacement of brain structures, and extensive erosion of the skull. While uni‐ or bi‐sultural craniosynostosis is a recognized (though relatively uncommon) feature of 22q11 deletion syndrome, a severe multi‐sutural presentation of this nature has never been reported. SNP Microarray was otherwise normal and the patient did not have common mutations in FGFR2, FGFR3, or TWIST associated with craniosynostosis. While markedly variable expressivity is an acknowledged feature of deletion 22q11 syndrome, herein we also consider and discuss the possibility that this infant may have been additionally affected with an undiagnosed single gene disorder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new case of 8q22.1 microdeletion restricts the critical region for Nablus mask‐like facial syndrome
Authors: Debost‐Legrand Anne , Eymard‐Pierre Eleonore , Pebrel‐Richard Céline , Gouas Laetitia , Goumy Carole , Giollant Michel , Ayed Wiem , Tchirkov Andreï , Francannet Christine , Vago Philippe
Published: December 2012

Microdeletions of 8q21.3–8q22.1 have been identified in all patients with Nablus mask‐like facial syndrome (NMLFS). A recent report of a patient without this specific phenotype presented a 1.6 Mb deletion in this region that partially overlapped with previously reported 8q21.3 microdeletions, thus restricting critical region for this syndrome. We report on another case of an 8q21.3 deletion revealed by array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) in a 4‐year‐old child with global developmental delay, autism, microcephaly, but without Nablus phenotype. The size of the interstitial deletion was estimated to span 5.2 Mb. By combining the data from previous reports on 8q21.3–8q22.1 deletions and our case, we were able to narrow the critical region of Nablus syndrome to 0.5 Mb. The deleted region includes FAM92A1, which seems to be a potential candidate gene in NMLFS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal perspectives on the return of genetic results: Context matters
Authors: Lakes Kimberley D. , Vaughan Elaine , Lemke Amy , Jones Marissa , Wigal Timothy , Baker Dean , Swanson James M. , Burke Wylie
Published: December 2012

The objectives of this study were to study maternal preferences for the return of their child's genetic results and to describe the experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and values that are brought to bear when individuals from different racial and cultural backgrounds consider participating in genetic research. We recruited women with diverse sociodemographic profiles to participate in seven focus groups. Twenty‐eight percent of participants self‐identified as Hispanic; 49% as White, non‐Hispanic; and 21% as Asian or Asian American. Focus groups were conducted in English or Spanish and were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative thematic methods. Results indicated that preferences and decisions regarding the return of results may depend on both research and individual contextual factors. Participants understood the return of results as a complex issue, where individual and cultural differences in preferences are certain to arise. Another key finding was that participants desired an interpersonal, dynamic, flexible process that accommodated individual preferences and contextual differences for returning results. Our findings indicate a need to have well‐developed systems for allowing participants to make and change over time their choices regarding the return of their child's genetic results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Newborn screening and cascade testing for FMR1 mutations
Authors: Sorensen Page L. , Gane Louise W. , Yarborough Mark , Hagerman Randi J. , Tassone Flora
Published: December 2012

We describe an ongoing pilot project in which newborn screening (NBS) for FMR1 mutations and subsequent cascade testing are performed by the MIND Institute at the University of California, Davis Medical Center (UCDMC). To date, out of 3,042 newborns initially screened, 44 extended family members have been screened by cascade testing of extended family members once a newborn is identified. Fourteen newborns (7 males and 7 females) and 27 extended family members (5 males and 22 females) have been identified with FMR1 mutations. Three family histories are discussed in detail, each demonstrating some benefits and risks of NBS and cascade testing for FMR1 mutations in extended family members. While we acknowledge inherent risks, we propose that with genetic counseling, clinical follow‐up of identified individuals and cascade testing, NBS has significant benefits. Treatment for individuals in the extended family who would otherwise not have received treatment can be beneficial. In addition, knowledge of carrier status can lead to lifestyle changes and prophylactic interventions that are likely to reduce the risk of late onset neurological or psychiatric problems in carriers. Also with identification of carrier family members through NBS, reproductive choices become available to those who would not have known that they were at risk to have offspring with fragile X syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed onset congenital hypothyroidism in a patient with DUOX2 mutations and maternal iodine excess
Authors: Kasahara Toshihiko , Narumi Satoshi , Okasora Keisuke , Takaya Ryuzo , Tamai Hiroshi , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: December 2012

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), one of the most common congenital endocrine disorders, causes irreversible intellectual disability in untreated patients. Today, the vast majority of patients receive early diagnosis and treatment in the context of newborn screening for CH, and achieve satisfactory cognitive development. However, a subset of patients with delayed onset are undetectable by newborn screening, and miss benefit from early intervention. Here, we report on a delayed‐onset CH patient that had two contributing factors in the pathogenesis of CH simultaneously, i.e., a genetic defect and iodine excess. The patient was exposed to excessive iodine in utero because her mother consumed massive amounts of seaweed during pregnancy. Surprisingly, the patient had a negative result in newborn screening, but developed overt CH at age 3 months. She received thyroxine supplementation until when normalization of the thyroid function was confirmed at age 3 years (i.e., transient CH). Mutation screening for DUOX2, a causative gene for transient CH, showed biallelic mutations (p.[E327X] + [H678R]). This report provides a new example of environmental modification of phenotypes of CH due to a genetic defect, which can potentially distort screening results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proximal and distal 15q25.2 microdeletions–genotype–phenotype delineation of two neurodevelopmental susceptibility loci
Authors: Doelken Sandra C. , Seeger Karl , Hundsdoerfer Patrick , Weber‐Ferro Wencke , Klopocki Eva , Graul‐Neumann Luitgard
Published: December 2012

Distal 15q25.2 microdeletions have recently been reported as a copy number variation (CNV) locus for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders with variable outcome. In addition, more proximal microdeletions of 15q25.2 have been described as a susceptibility locus for cognitive deficits, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and Diamond–Blackfan anaemia (DBA). We describe two patients with 15q25.2 deletion, one with the more distal deletion and the other with a deletion overlapping both the distal and proximal 15q25.2 deletions and compare them to the 18 so far reported patients with 15q25.2 deletions. We provide a characterization of the 15q25.2 microdeletions and contribute to the genotype–phenotype delineation for these two novel microdeletion syndromes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutations in the autoregulatory domain of β‐tubulin 4a cause hereditary dystonia
Authors: Hersheson Joshua , Mencacci Niccolo E. , Davis Mary , MacDonald Nicola , Trabzuni Daniah , Ryten Mina , Pittman Alan , Paudel Reema , Kara Eleanna , Fawcett Katherine , Plagnol Vincent , Bhatia Kailash P. , Medlar Alan J. , Stanescu Horia C. , Hardy John , Kleta Robert , Wood Nicholas W. , Houlden Henry
Published: December 2012

Dystonia type 4 (DYT4) was first described in a large family from Heacham in Norfolk with an autosomal dominantly inherited whispering dysphonia, generalized dystonia, and a characteristic hobby horse ataxic gait. We carried out a genetic linkage analysis in the extended DYT4 family that spanned 7 generations from England and Australia, revealing a single LOD score peak of 6.33 on chromosome 19p13.12‐13. Exome sequencing in 2 cousins identified a single cosegregating mutation (p.R2G) in the β‐tubulin 4a (TUBB4a) gene that was absent in a large number of controls. The mutation is highly conserved in the β‐tubulin autoregulatory MREI (methionine–arginine–glutamic acid–isoleucine) domain, highly expressed in the central nervous system, and extensive in vitro work has previously demonstrated that substitutions at residue 2, specifically R2G, disrupt the autoregulatory capability of the wild‐type β‐tubulin peptide, affirming the role of the cytoskeleton in dystonia pathogenesis. Ann Neurol 2013;73:546–553
Cardiovascular health through young adulthood and cognitive functioning in midlife
Authors: Reis Jared P. , Loria Catherine M. , Launer Lenore J. , Sidney Stephen , Liu Kiang , Jacobs David R. , Zhu Na , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , He Ka , Yaffe Kristine
Published: December 2012

Objective

A study was undertaken to examine the association between overall cardiovascular health as recently defined by the American Heart Association in young adulthood to middle age and cognitive function in midlife. Overall ideal cardiovascular health incorporates 7 metrics, including the avoidance of overweight or obesity, a healthful diet, nonsmoking, and physical activity, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose at goal levels.

Methods

This analysis of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, a multicenter community‐based study with 25 years of follow‐up, included 2,932 participants aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (year 0) who attended follow‐up examinations at years 7 and 25. Cardiovascular health metrics were measured at each examination. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), modified Stroop test, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were completed at year 25.

Results

A greater number of ideal cardiovascular metrics in young adulthood and middle age were independently associated with better cognitive function in midlife (p for trend < 0.01, for all). Specifically, each additional ideal metric was associated with 1.32 more symbols on the DSST (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93 – 1.71), a 0.77‐point lower interference score on the Stroop test (95% CI=−1.03 to −0.45), and 0.12 more words on the RAVLT (95% CI = 0.04 to 0.20). Participants who had ≥5 ideal metrics at a greater number of the 3 examinations over the 25‐year period exhibited better performance on each cognitive test in middle age (p for trend < 0.01, for all).

Interpretation

Ideal cardiovascular health in young adulthood and its maintenance to middle age is associated with better psychomotor speed, executive function, and verbal memory in midlife. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:170–179
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
Authors: Barreto Andrew D. , Brod Staley A. , Bui Thanh‐Tung , Jemelka James R. , Kramer Larry A. , Ton Kelly , Cohen Alan M. , Lindsey John W. , Nelson Flavia , Narayana Ponnada A. , Wolinsky Jerry S.
Published: December 2012

Objective

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought to determine whether neurosonography (NS) provides reliable information on cerebral venous outflow patterns specific to MS.

Methods

This was a single‐center, prospective case–control study of volunteer MS and non‐MS participants. A neurosonologist, blind to the subjects' diagnosis, used high‐resolution B‐mode imaging with color and spectral Doppler to systematically investigate, capture, and record extracranial and intracranial venous drainage. These neuroimaging results were evaluated and scored by an expert blinded to subjects' information and with no interactions with the participants.

Results

Altogether, 276 subjects were studied: 206 with MS and 70 non‐MS. MS patients were older than non‐MS subjects (48.3±9.9 vs 44.3±11.8 years, p<0.007), with durations from first symptoms and diagnosis of 13.7±10 and 9.9±7.8 years, and Expanded Disability Status Scale of 2.6±2.0. Overall, 82 subjects (29.7%) fulfilled 1 of 5 NS criteria proposed for CCSVI; 13 (4.7%) fulfilled 2 criteria required for diagnosis, and none fulfilled >2 criteria. The distribution of subjects with 0, 1, or 2 criteria did not differ significantly across all diagnostic groupings, between MS and non‐MS subjects, or within MS subgroups. CCSVI was present in 7.14% of non‐MS and 3.88% of MS patients (p=0.266). No significant differences emerged between MS and non‐MS subjects for extracranial or intracranial venous flow rates.

Interpretation

NS findings described as CCSVI are much less prevalent than initially reported, and do not distinguish MS from other subjects. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that CCSVI is causally associated with MS. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:721–728
Simulation of attosecond‐resolved imaging of the plasmon electric field in metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Prell James S. , Borja Lauren J. , Neumark Daniel M. , Leone Stephen R.
Published: December 2012

Sub‐cycle photoelectron streaking from silver plasmonic nanospheres is simulated using few‐cycle laser pulses tuned both on and off the plasmon resonance (376 nm vs 800 nm, respectively) to initiate the plasmon. Phase‐locked, isolated attosecond XUV pulses induce photoemission from the nanospheres, and two different types of streaking of the photoelectrons occur simultaneously due to the laser and plasmon electric fields. Streaking is simulated over a wide range of excitation pulse intensities, and final velocity distributions for the photoelectrons emitted at different times are calculated. The resulting velocity distributions exhibit several characteristics attributable to the plasmon electric field. The dipole moment amplitude can be reconstructed using velocity map imaging or time‐of‐flight photoelectron velocity measurements without separate measurement of the laser electric field or deconvolution using an assumed streaking trace shape. These results indicate that photoelectron experiments in table‐top set‐ups can provide unprecedented spatio‐temporal information about sub‐cycle plasmon dynamics in metallic nanostructures.
Development of a new bioprocess scheme using frozen seed train intermediates to initiate CHO cell culture manufacturing campaigns
Authors: Seth Gargi , Hamilton Robert W. , Stapp Thomas R. , Zheng Lisa , Meier Angela , Petty Krista , Leung Stephenie , Chary Srikanth
Published: December 2012

Agility to schedule and execute cell culture manufacturing campaigns quickly in a multi‐product facility will play a key role in meeting the growing demand for therapeutic proteins. In an effort to shorten campaign timelines, maximize plant flexibility and resource utilization, we investigated the initiation of cell culture manufacturing campaigns using CHO cells cryopreserved in large volume bags in place of the seed train process flows that are conventionally used in cell culture manufacturing. This approach, termed FASTEC (Frozen Accelerated Seed Train for Execution of a Campaign), involves cultivating cells to high density in a perfusion bioreactor, and cryopreserving cells in multiple disposable bags. Each run for a manufacturing campaign would then come from a thaw of one or more of these cryopreserved bags. This article reviews the development and optimization of individual steps of the FASTEC bioprocess scheme: scaling up cells to greater than 70 × 106 cells/mL and freezing in bags with an optimized controlled rate freezing protocol and using a customized rack configuration. Flow cytometry analysis was also employed to understand the recovery of CHO cells following cryopreservation. Extensive development data were gathered to ensure that the quantity and quality of the drug manufactured using the FASTEC bioprocess scheme was acceptable compared to the conventional seed train process flow. The result of offering comparable manufacturing options offers flexibility to the cell culture manufacturing network. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1376–1385. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Programmable mechanical stimulation influences tendon homeostasis in a bioreactor system
Authors: Wang Tao , Lin Zhen , Day Robert E. , Gardiner Bruce , Landao‐Bassonga Euphemie , Rubenson Jonas , Kirk Thomas B. , Smith David W. , Lloyd David G. , Hardisty Gerard , Wang Allan , Zheng Qiujian , Zheng Ming H.
Published: December 2012

Identification of functional programmable mechanical stimulation (PMS) on tendon not only provides the insight of the tendon homeostasis under physical/pathological condition, but also guides a better engineering strategy for tendon regeneration. The aims of the study are to design a bioreactor system with PMS to mimic the in vivo loading conditions, and to define the impact of different cyclic tensile strain on tendon. Rabbit Achilles tendons were loaded in the bioreactor with/without cyclic tensile loading (0.25 Hz for 8 h/day, 0–9% for 6 days). Tendons without loading lost its structure integrity as evidenced by disorientated collagen fiber, increased type III collagen expression, and increased cell apoptosis. Tendons with 3% of cyclic tensile loading had moderate matrix deterioration and elevated expression levels of MMP‐1, 3, and 12, whilst exceeded loading regime of 9% caused massive rupture of collagen bundle. However, 6% of cyclic tensile strain was able to maintain the structural integrity and cellular function. Our data indicated that an optimal PMS is required to maintain the tendon homeostasis and there is only a narrow range of tensile strain that can induce the anabolic action. The clinical impact of this study is that optimized eccentric training program is needed to achieve maximum beneficial effects on chronic tendinopathy management. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1495–1507. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
President's page
Authors: Dillon Andrew
Published: December 2012

Editor's Summary

Taking on the reins as ASIS&T president for 2013, the author sets his sights on fulfilling and expanding upon previous presidents' initiatives. This year's efforts will focus on building strength through a more international membership, energizing student chapters to stimulate early professional involvement, broadening engagement in ASIS&T events from Annual Meetings to webinars and providing the most relevant and content‐rich material. The role of the organization, its service to members and the sense of identity and community it engenders deserve examination. ASIS&T must reach out to other groups in the information sector but strive to realize its claim as the preeminent information society. Aligning with the growing iSchool movement may well be a step in that direction.
Case Study: Developing the PLOS thesaurus
Authors: Dupuich Jonas , Carr Gabe
Published: December 2012

Editor's Summary

A thesaurus should quietly streamline website operations behind the scenes but can become an obstacle if it is inadequate or falls out of date, the situation the Public Library of Science (PLOS) realized in 2011. The organization sought help from Access Innovations, Inc., to bring its thesaurus up to speed, comply with the Z39.19 standard and ensure support of machine categorization of content. An analysis revealed over‐ and under‐used terms and provided recommendations and specific guidance. With this knowledge and various use cases, PLOS determined a new customized thesaurus was needed. Access Innovations expanded and organized the original PLOS vocabulary of 3,132 terms to produce a thesaurus of more than 10,000 terms covering 10 science topics in seven levels. PLOS monitored weekly progress, and subject matter experts reviewed the draft for terminology and organization. Thesaurus terms will be applied to content as subject metadata using Data Harmony's MAIstro, a rule‐based categorization system permitting editorial oversight and incremental improvements. After testing and tuning rules for accuracy, the system will be used to automatically index all PLOS content.
Indexing electronic medical records using a taxonomy
Authors: Kuranz John , Gilles Barbara
Published: December 2012

Editor's Summary

With the move toward patient electronic medical records (EMRs), accessing information for insurance coding and research depends on standardized taxonomies to organize and index the content. Controlled vocabularies are necessary to interpret content consistently. Established quasi‐taxonomies provide codes for medical conditions and treatments, but applying these codes as metadata to index the records is laborious, requiring translation from natural language in the EMR to a code's verbal equivalent to the code. Indexing systems can streamline the categorization process for greater efficiency and accuracy by using Bayesian engines or a rule‐based approach. Analyzing discrepancies between human indexing and the software system results shows where editorial intervention is needed for continual improvement, with a goal of 85% or higher accuracy. Using a categorization system with a hierarchical taxonomy enables deep, precise indexing or quick, automatic filtering to more general concepts. The accuracy of medical indexing systems varies widely, based on the degree of automation and capacity for semantic analysis.
Building a taxonomy for auto‐classification
Authors: Pohs Wendi
Published: December 2012

Editor's Summary

Taxonomies have expanded from browsing aids to the foundation for automatic classification. Early auto‐classification methods grouped documents having similar collections of words, but current software can provide far greater accuracy. Text‐mining tools can spot recognizable entities as potential taxonomy terms or top‐level categories. Developing a taxonomy further to coordinate with auto‐classification software requires appreciation of how the software works, whether it uses an approach based on lexical analysis, rules for word co‐occurrence or machine learning with predictive analysis. The taxonomy model is typically hierarchical with term specificity dictated by the end user's need for detail. Synonyms and variants are redirected to the term for classification. The classification tool must be configured to be consistent with the typical document format and style of the collection. Testing the classification scheme, critical to reveal inaccuracies and omissions, is an iterative process expanding from a stable test set to validation on a large corpus before final implementation.
Building controlled vocabularies for metadata harmonization
Authors: Zaharee Marcie
Published: December 2012

Editor's Summary

Organizations using controlled vocabularies are highly diverse, but they all rely on using a terminology list that is internally standardized, commonly understood and widely applied for metatagging. The basic steps for creating a controlled vocabulary, taxonomy or thesaurus are the same for each case, starting with determining the scope to be covered and identifying representative content sources. This step is followed by gathering and organizing terms, enhancing them with synonyms and relationships and often by subject‐matter‐expert review. Using a dedicated taxonomy management tool is recommended to facilitate management, visualization and export in machine‐readable format such as OWL or SKOS. Posting the controlled vocabulary to a registry or data warehouse enables sharing and may stimulate broad acceptance. The MITRE Corporation has followed this process in developing taxonomies consistent with the Department of Defense's Net‐Centric Data Strategy, which bases shared understanding within and among DoD programs on the use of controlled vocabularies and crosswalking equivalent data elements.
CLIR/DLF digital curation postdoctoral fellowship – The hybrid role of data curator
Authors: Kouper Inna
Published: December 2012

Editor's Summary

Data with high potential information value must be carefully selected, appraised, organized, stored and disseminated. Recognizing this critical management need, the Council on Library and Information Resources' Digital Library Federation (CLIR/DLF), the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and six universities have partnered to sponsor the Data Curation Fellowship Program. This two‐year postdoctoral fellowship brings together information professionals interested in acquiring the diverse skills needed to become a professional data curator, serving as researcher, librarian, technology adopter and policy maker. Acknowledging differences in their own views and experiences, early fellows recognized the need to promote a culture of data sharing to connect stakeholders across technology, disciplinary and institutional boundaries and to develop an infrastructure to support data curation. It is hoped that serious work in data curation will lead to professional recognition of the specialty.
Effect of percutaneous atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale device closure on degree of aortic regurgitation
Authors: Loar Robert W. , Johnson Jonathan N. , Cabalka Allison K. , Cetta Frank , Hagler Donald J. , Eidem Benjamin W. , Taggart Nathaniel W.
Published: December 2012

Background

In recent years, percutaneous device closure has become commonplace for treatment of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). However, the effect of device closure on aortic valve regurgitation (AR) has been questioned.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to define changes in AR using echocardiography, before and after device closure of ASD or PFO.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients who had percutaneous device closure of ASD or PFO at our institution between 2005 and 2009. We compared the preprocedure echocardiogram to the most recent follow‐up study. All investigators were blinded to referral diagnosis, patient demographics, and size and type of the device placed. Aortic regurgitation was graded as none/trivial, mild, moderate, or severe.

Results

Overall, 322 patients qualified for inclusion; 204 with PFO and 118 with ASD. Mean age at time of closure was 48 ± 20 years (range 3–85 years). Mean duration of follow‐up was 1.2 years (range 2 months to 5 years). Only two patients (0.6%) demonstrated any appreciable increase in AR severity. However, both of these patients manifested a clinically insignificant change from a trivial to mild grade of aortic regurgitation.

Conclusions

Percutaneous device closure of PFO or ASD does not increase the incidence or severity of AR over medium‐term follow‐up. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Degradation of 2,4‐DCP by the Immobilized Laccase on the Carrier of Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH2
Authors: Huan Weiwei , Yang Yuxiang , Wu Bin , Yuan Hongming , Zhang Yani , Liu Xiangnong
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the laccase immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH2nanoparticles was successfully prepared by the glutaraldehyde cross‐linking method. The degradations of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) catalyzed by laccase and immobilized laccase were carried out. The optimal conditions regarding degradation efficiency were also discussed, which include reaction time, pH value, temperature, concentration of 2,4‐DCP and laccase. When laccase was immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH2carrier by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde, the stability and repetition were improved significantly. The removal efficiency of 2,4‐DCP by immobilized laccase still remained over 59% after six cycles of operation. Degradation of 2,4‐DCP is a first‐order reaction and the activation energies of 2,4‐DCP catalyzed by laccase and immobilized laccase are 51.93 kJ·mol−1and 44.12 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The results demonstrate the immobilized laccase had a faster degradation rate than the free laccase; the magnetic carrier Fe3O4@MSS‐NH2can promote the degradation reaction.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 5‐Alkyl Substituted Nicotine Analogs
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Xi , Yuan Qianjia , Ren Jiangmeng , Huang Jin , Zeng Bubing
Published: December 2012

This paper describes a concise and practical route to enantiomerically enriched 5‐alkyl substituted nicotine analogs. The Vilsmeier reaction was used to construct the nicotinaldehydes ring followed by the introduction of the chiral homoallylic alcohol by organic boron reagent and the cyclization of the pyrrolidine ring through the reduction of a chiral azide. 17 analogs have been synthesized and their corresponding biological activities were tested, in which compounds 10d and 10g exhibit excellent IC50 values against RD and SY‐SY5Y.
Gold‐Catalyzed Direct Indolation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Zhang Yan , Luo Sha , Feng Bainian , Zhu Chengjian
Published: December 2012

Nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds are important motifs of pharmaceuticals and functional materials, and there has been a growing interest in new synthetic methods for their preparations. In this paper, we report a direct cross‐coupling reaction of indole with N‐aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines in the presence of gold catalyst. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of substituted indoles, to enable the formation of various alkylated heteroarenes under very mild reaction conditions.