bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topographical distribution of blubber in finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri): a result from adapting to living in coastal waters
Authors: Zeng Xianyuan , Ji Junhua , Hao Yujiang , Wang Ding
Published: February 2015

Background

Blubber has many functions, among which energy storage, thermoregulation, buoyancy, and hydrodynamic streamlining are the most frequently cited. Within and between taxa, variations in its structure and distribution likely reflect different adaptations of a species to its life history requirements, environment, health, and function. Here, we use ultrasound to describe the distribution of blubber in the finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) based on examinations of 34 fresh cadavers recovered as accidental fisheries bycatch.

Results

Measurements of blubber depth determined by ultrasound positively correlated with conventional measurements using a scalpel and calipers. Whereas conventional surgical incision and visual examination revealed two layers of blubber, ultrasound revealed up to three layers; thus, ultrasound reveals additional structural detail in blubber while crude necropsy techniques do not. Across life history categories, ultrasound revealed the distribution of inner blubber to be topographically consistent with that of full-depth blubber. Blubber in the dorsal region was stratified into three layers and was significantly thicker than that in the lateral and ventral regions, in which a middle layer was normally absent.

Conclusions

Ultrasound provides a fast, effective, and accurate means to determine blubber thickness and structure, and thus, assessment of the health of fresh finless porpoise carcasses. Blubber depth is determined largely by the thickness of the inner and middle layers, wherein lipids are concentrated. The thickening of blubber in the dorsal thoracic-abdominal region suggests multiple roles of thermal insulation, lipid storage, and, we speculate, to facilitate vertical stability in the complex shallow and estuarine waters in which this animal absent of a dorsal fin occurs.
Platelet-rich plasma to treat ankle cartilage pathology - from translational potential to clinical evidence: a systematic review
Authors: Vannini Francesca , Di Matteo Berardo , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: February 2015

Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) is a fascinating biological treatment showing promising results for the management of cartilage disorders. However, despite the step forwards in this research area and the increasing use of PRP in clinical practice, its use remains still controversial and especially its application as injective treatment for ankle cartilage pathology have been scarcely investigated.

The aim of this paper is to describe the translational evidence for the use of PRP in cartilage treatment and to systematically review all the available evidence regarding the clinical application of PRP for ankle cartilage disorders, in order to understand what is the current state of the art for this specific clinical indication, underlining both limits and potential of this biological strategy.

A systematic review of the clinical literature was performed on the use of PRP to treat ankle cartilage disorders and 7 papers were identified. PRP has been used in two different ways: 5 of the available papers focus on its use as an augmentation procedure to various surgical techniques for cartilage regeneration, while only two studies report its conservative application through intra-articular injections. Based on the limited number of clinical studies available on this topic, this systematic review showed the lack of major adverse events related to PRP and overall good results for the treatment of ankle cartilage pathology, thus confirming the translational potential of this biological treatment suggested by several preclinical studies. Further high quality clinical trials in the ankle are still needed to clarify proper indications and best applicative modalities.
A Model System and Chemometrics to Develop near Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring for Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivations
Authors: Kozma Bence , Párta László , Zalai Dénes , Gergely Szilveszter , Salgó András
Published: February 2015

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an ideal tool for biopharmaceutical process monitoring, as it can be used to generate information on key bioprocess variables rapidly online. Mammalian cell cultivation is a rapidly developing field of biopharmaceutical production where one of these key process variables is the glucose concentration. However, calibrations for the NIR-based monitoring of glucose are usually not available in the early phase of process development owing to the lack of sufficient NIR data from small-scale experiments. This article demonstrates the development of calibrations based on NIR spectroscopy (11,988.0–4297.0 cm−1) for the determination of glucose concentration in a novel shake flask model system for mammalian cell cultivation. To generate a homogeneous distribution of glucose concentration in the calibration range and to reduce the correlation between glucose and other metabolites, cultivation samples with low glucose levels were spiked with glucose, and NIR measurements were subsequently performed. Biochemical and physical variability was deliberately induced in the model system to mimic possible matrix effects typically occurring in fed-batch bioreactor cultivation samples. The specificity of the calibration model to glucose was increased by variable selection, so the spectral region between the two water peaks was used for calibration. Four mathematical pretreatments were evaluated by comparing the root-mean standard error of prediction (RMSEP) values of the models; the best preprocessing method was a novel combination of baseline offset method with the deresolve function. Our models predicted the glucose concentration in two test cultivations with an RMSEP of 3.12 mmol L−1 and 5.51 mmol L−1.
Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy for Discrimination of Similar Rare Woods in the Chinese Market
Authors: Shou Guozhong , Zhang Wenya , Gu Yuqi , Zhao Daxu
Published: February 2015

Red sanders ( Pterocarpus santalinus L.F.) is one of the most precious woods in the Chinese market, and its price rises every year. Some similar rare woods are traded as red sanders to reap high profits. Therefore, a fast and reliable discrimination method to distinguish true red sanders from similar rare woods is needed. To investigate the feasibility of using near infrared spectroscopy for wood discrimination under laboratory and field conditions, samples of red sanders, bois de rose and African padauk from various wood furniture manufacturers were analysed. Three discrimination models, based on soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), were developed, with two-thirds of the wood samples used as the calibration set and a third of the wood samples used as the validation set. The results show that SIMCA modelling and analysis methods can discriminate between these three similar species of rare woods. Furthermore, three models were able to distinguish between six other species of rare woods: Burma tulipwood ( Dalbergia oliveri Gamble), Neang nuon ( Dalbergia bariensis), Siam rosewood ( Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness), cocobolo ( Dalbergia retusa Hesml), Ambila ( Pterocarpuserinaceus Poir.) and Burma padauk ( Pterocarpus macarocarpus Kurz).
Technical Note: Handheld near Infared Spectroscopy for the Prediction of Leaf Physiological Status in Tree Seedlings
Authors: Warburton Paul , Brawner Jeremy , Meder Roger
Published: February 2015

Near infrared spectra obtained from leaf surfaces of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings were calibrated against physiological measurements of plant water stress, namely: relative water content, leaf water potential and stomatal conductance. In a controlled environment facility, spectral data were obtained from both abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces as well as upper and lower leaves in the stem. The strongest coefficients of determination using cross-validation were r2CV = 0.85 for relative water content, r2CV = 0.74 for leaf water potential and r2CV = 0.80 for stomatal conductance. The use of a portable NIR instrument enabled the rapid assessment of physiological status of seedlings and would enable in situ, non-destructive, high-throughput monitoring of drought and recovery in the field. This would be particularly useful for non-destructive measurement in longitudinal studies.
Introduction
Authors: Committee Editorial
Published: February 2015

Introduction
Generic phylogeny and character evolution in Urticeae (Urticaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA regions
Authors: Kim Changkyun , Deng Tao , Chase Mark , Zhang Dai-Gui , Nie Ze-Long , Sun Hang
Published: February 2015

This study examines phylogenetic relationships among the 12 genera of Urticeae (Urticaceae) and investigates the pattern of morphological evolution based on analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and two plastid DNA regions (rbcL exon, trnL‐F spacer). Sequence data were analyzed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, and selected morphological traits were mapped onto the molecular tree. The molecular results strongly supported monophyly of Urticeae, excluding Gyrotaenia, which is related to Elatostemateae. All genera were monophyletic except for Urtica, Laportea, and Urera. Two Hesperocnide species are nested within Urtica. Laportea and Urera are divided into three groups with a strong geographical signal. The inferred phylogeny indicates five well‐supported clades in Urticeae: clade A including Urtica (with Hesperocnide), Zhengyia, Laportea I, and Nanocnide; clade B comprising Dendrocnide and Discocnide; clade C including only Girardinia; clade D including Laportea II; and clade E including Obetia, Urera I, II, III, and Poikilospermum. Although it is difficult to identify morphological synapomorphies for these well‐defined clades within Urticeae, character analysis shows that the herbaceous habit and alternate leaves are the ancestral states in the tribe. The presence of stinging hairs is the derived status in Urticeae, and it might have been a key innovation triggering species diversification in the tribe.
Optimal Advance Scheduling
Authors: Truong Van-Anh
Published: February 2015

The dynamic assignment of patients to exam days in order to manage daily variations in demand and capacity is a long-standing open research area in appointment scheduling. In particular, the dynamic assignment of advance appointments has been considered to be especially challenging because of its high dimensionality. We consider a canonical model of dynamic advance scheduling with two patient classes: an urgent demand class, which must be served on the day of arrival, and a regular demand class, which can be served at a future date. Patients take the earliest appointments offered and do not differentiate among providers. We derive a surprising characterization of an optimal policy and an algorithm to compute the policy exactly and efficiently. These are, to our knowledge, the first analytical results for the dynamic advance assignment of patients to exam days. We introduce the property of successive refinability, which allows advance schedules to be easily computable and under which there is no cost to the system to making advance commitments to patients. We allow multiple types of capacity to be considered and both demand and capacity to be nonstationary and stochastic.

This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Are we failing our trainees in providing opportunities to attain procedural confidence?
Authors: Lagan Jakub , Cutts Louise , Zaidi Seher , Benton Ian , Rylance Jamie
Published: February 2015

Practical procedures play a crucial role in clinical outcome. High proportions of Mersey trainees report a lack of procedural confidence despite the fact that the majority want to perform more procedures. Training has to be carefully analysed to address these shortcomings.
Adapting Practice-Based Intervention Research to Electronic Environments:
Opportunities and Complexities at Two Institutions
Authors: Stille Christopher J. , Lockhart Steven A. , Maertens Julie A. , Madden Christi A. , Darden Paul M.
Published: February 2015

Background and Purpose: Primary care practice-based research has become more
complex with increased use of electronic health records (EHRs). Little has been reported
about changes in study planning and execution that are required as practices change from
paper-based to electronic-based environments. We describe the evolution of a pediatric
practice-based intervention study as it was adapted for use in the electronic
environment, to enable other practice-based researchers to plan efficient, effective
studies.Methods: We adapted a paper-based pediatric office-level intervention to enhance
parent-provider communication about subspecialty referrals for use in two practice-based
research networks (PBRNs) with partially and fully electronic environments. We
documented the process of adaptation and its effect on study feasibility and efficiency,
resource use, and administrative and regulatory complexities, as the study was
implemented in the two networks.Results: Considerable time and money was required to
adapt the paper-based study to the electronic environment, requiring extra meetings with
institutional EHR-, regulatory-, and administrative teams, and increased practice
training. Institutional unfamiliarity with using EHRs in practice-based research, and
the consequent need to develop new policies, were major contributors to delays. Adapting
intervention tools to the EHR and minimizing practice disruptions was challenging, but
resulted in several efficiencies as compared with a paper-based project. In particular,
recruitment and tracking of subjects and data collection were easier and more
efficient.Conclusions: Practice-based intervention research in an electronic environment
adds considerable cost and time at the outset of a study, especially for centers
unfamiliar with such research. Efficiencies generated have the potential of easing the
work of study enrollment, subject tracking, and data collection.
El gabinete de Comunicación como impulsor de la gestión comunicativa de los clubes de fútbol
Authors: Olabe Sánchez Fernando
Published: February 2015

En este trabajo nos planteamos determinar el concepto y las funciones de los gabinetes de Comunicación, en aras de comprender posteriormente la importancia que han adquirido estos departamentos en un sector como el de los clubes de fútbol profesionales, toda vez que el comportamiento de estas entidades se encuadra más en los modelos empresariales que en los meramente deportivos.
La comunicación publicitaria se pone de moda: branded content y fashion films
Authors: Del Pino Romero Cristina , Castelló Martínez Araceli
Published: February 2015

Los cambios vividos por la industria comunicativa en los últimos años, entre otros motivos debido al auge de las redes sociales, han convertido a los contenidos, informativos o de entretenimiento, en la piedra angular para hacer llegar el mensaje publicitario al destinatario. El esfuerzo por parte de los anunciantes de tener una estrategia de contenidos definida para su presencia en medios sociales o nuevos formatos comunicativos como el branded content, son ejemplo de que el advertainment está actualmente de moda. Este artículo se centra en el branded content y en otro ejemplo de esta tendencia: los fashion films, un nuevo género publicitario que ha irrumpido especialmente en los sectores de la moda y los productos de lujo, con el fin, entre otros, de ofrecer una nueva visión de éstos basada en la originalidad, contando historias que conecten con su público objetivo.
Aproximación teórica al branding relacional: de las teorías de Fournier a las brand communities
Authors: Fernández-Gómez Jorge David , Gordillo-Rodríguez Maria Teresa
Published: February 2015

El entorno comunicativo actual está marcado por la existencia de múltiples redes de relaciones. La gestión de marca pone el acento en la consideración del individuo como ser relacional y se repiten ideas como “compromiso” o “conversación”. En este sentido, proliferan las propuestas teóricas que estudian la relación individuo-marca, si bien esta tendencia se extiende en los últimos años hacia la consideración de la relación individuo-marca-individuo. En este trabajo estudiamos desde un prisma teórico las perspectivas sobre branding relacional atendiendo a sus orígenes, desarrollo y consolidación. Asimismo, esbozamos los nuevos caminos que las marcas están explorando en su búsqueda de puntos de conexión emocionales con un nuevo consumidor con cada vez mayor deseo de participación.
Representaciones nacionales en campañas publicitarias de Televisa (México), 1989-2010
Authors: Novelo Sánchez Humberto Ramón
Published: February 2015

Desde primitivos spots con música mexicana e imágenes de diversas ciudades con la narración de un locutor diciendo “¡Viva México!”, hasta la sofisticada campaña publicitaria del año 2010 para celebrar el Bicentenario de la Independencia y el Centenario de la Revolución que involucró un gran equipo de técnicos, cámaras, locaciones y presupuesto, los spots de Televisa han sido pieza clave para la construcción visual de la nación mexicana. ¿Cuál ha sido ese discurso visual sobre México? ¿Cómo los spots han construido la unidad nacional del país? ¿Se ha modificado la representación televisiva de México en estos spots a lo largo de los años? Precisamente proponemos un análisis de la construcción de la nación mexicana en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y principios del XXI desde la perspectiva de los spots nacionalistas que Televisa produjo entre 1989 y 2010.
On the Influences of Adjacent Conducting Media and Coil Frequency on the Electromagnetic Field and Flow Characteristics in Solidifying Melts
Authors: Poole Gregory , Nastac Laurentiu
Published: February 2015

This paper examines the electromagnetic and flow field modification caused by the placement of electrically conducting media in the vicinity of the coil and molten metal and the corresponding influences of coil operating frequency. The electromagnetic field characteristics were numerically calculated using the mutual inductance technique. An improved dual-zone model was employed to describe flow behavior in the mushy region, and accounts for flow damping via interactions between the crystallites and the turbulent eddies. Calculations were performed for unidirectional solidification of an Al-4.5 wt% Cu alloy in a bottom-chill mold undergoing EM stirring. It was found that the presence of shields greatly modified the Lorentz force distribution within the melt. This led to noteworthy changes in the flow directionality, as well as changes in the spatial variation of temperature as solidification progressed. It was also found that these effects were most pronounced at low frequencies. The significance of these findings with respect to solidification process design will be discussed.
Fuel fabrication and reprocessing for nuclear fuel cycle with inherent safety demands
Authors: Shadrin Andrey Yurevich , Dvoeglazov Konstantin Nikolaevich , Ivanov Valentine Borisovich , Volk Vladimir Ivanovich , Skupov Mikhail Vladimirovich , Glushenkov Alexey Evgenevich , Troyanov Vladimir Mihaylovich , Zherebtsov Alexander Anatolievich
Published: February 2015

The strategies adopted in Russia for a closed nuclear fuel cycle with fast reactors (FR), selection of fuel type and recycling
technologies of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) are discussed. It is shown that one of the possible technological solutions for the closing of
a fuel cycle could be the combination of pyroelectrochemical and hydrometallurgical methods of recycling of SNF. This combined scheme
allows: recycling of SNF from FR with high burn-up and short cooling time; decreasing the volume of stored SNF and the amount of
plutonium in a closed fuel cycle in FR; recycling of any type of SNF from FR; obtaining the high pure end uranium-plutonium-neptunium
end-product for fuel refabrication using pellet technology.
Diffusion in Non-ideal Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Haase R. , Engels W.
Published: February 2015

An equation proposed recently (Haase and Jansen, 1980) relates to the dependence on composition and temperature of the diffusion coefficient D and of the kinematic diffusion coefficient D* in a binary nonelectrolyte solution. This equation is now applied to our own measurements of the activity coefficients and of the diffusion coefficient in the non-ideal liquid system carbon tetrachloride + acetone at 20 °C and 40 °C over the entire range of compositions. (For 0 °C only values of D are available.) It turns out that the function D (x), where x denotes the mole fraction of one of the components, exhibits a minimum at each temperature, while D* (x) nearly represents a straight line. We establish a correlation between the deviations from Raoult's Law and the sign of the difference D - D*.
Bifurcation Pattern in Reaction-Diffusion Dissipative Systems
Authors: Janssen R. , Hlavacek V. , Rompay P. van
Published: February 2015

A detailed bifurcation analysis of the reaction-diffusion equations representing the trimolecular model of Prigogine and Lefever (“Brusselator”) is performed. The model considers also the diffusion of the initial component. The homogeneous solution to the problem cannot exist and the bifurcation analysis must be performed numerically. There are two ways of possible branching, either the basic branch will be followed or branching from an isolated branch may occur. In both cases, the branching is of the type symmetric → asymmetric → symmetric, etc. For higher dimension of the system a topologically interesting isolated branch of asymmetric solutions was discovered.
Localization of Eigenvalues by a Modification of Müller′s Variational Principle in Some Exactly Solvable Cases
Authors: Siedentop Heinz K. H.
Published: February 2015

Upper and lower bounds on the eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators with simple one and a simple three dimensional potential (well of finite depth, spherical δ-potential) are given by means of a modification of Müller′s variational principle. The estimates, comparing them with the exact eigenvalues, show a localization of the eigenvalues even in a rough approximation for the trial operator.
Notizen: Application of Wiener-Hermite Expansion to Strong Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Ahmadi Goodarz
Published: February 2015

A Wiener-Hermite set of statistically orthogonal random functions in phase space is introduced for investigation of electrostatic plasma turbulence. Expansions of the random distribution functions in terms of the random base are considered and the equations governing the dynamics of the deterministic Wiener-Hermite Kernels are derived.
Notizen: Observation of Antiresonances in Fluorescence Spectra of Cr+3 and Nd+3 Doped Glasses
Authors: Strȩk G. , Łukowiak E. , Jeżowska-Trzebiatowska B.
Published: February 2015

The fluorescence spectra of Cr+3 in the presence of Nd+3 in glasses were studied. The “dips” observed in the spectra are interpreted as anti resonances due to Cr-Nd in­teraction.
The Duschinsky Effect and Optical Spectra
Authors: Olbrich G. , Kupka H.
Published: February 2015

The influence of the normal mode rotation (i.e. the Duschinsky mixing) on the molecular electronic spectra in polyatomic molecules is treated by means of multidimensional intramolecular distributions (MID). It is shown that symmetry properties of the two-dimensional MID which relate emission and absorption spectra or pertain to the exchange of modes do not exist if the number of non-separable modes exceeds 2. Specific examples of emission band shapes are calculated for weakly (linear) coupled electronic states for both, zero and finite temperatures. The strength of the mixed quadratic interaction parameter is shown to influence the shape considerably.
An Experimental and Theoretical Dipole Moment Study of 2-Chloropyridine-5-sulphonyl Chloride
Authors: Lumbroso H. , Montoneri E. , Pappalardo G. C.
Published: February 2015

Analysis of the dipole moment of 2-chloropyridine-5-sulphonyl chloride in benzene at 30 °C (2.00 D) supports a model in which the C(5)-SCl group is rotated by 40° from the 2-chloro-1-pyridyl group (see Figure 1). Such a model, with the S-Cl chlorine atom close to the 1-azani-trogen atom, may be explained by interplay of two con-flicting factors, namely sulphonylchloride-arene conjuga-tion and lesser repulsion between one of the oxygen atoms and the aza-nitrogen atom.
Zur Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Benzophenonsensibilisierten Naphthalin-Phosphoreszenz in einem Kohlenwasserstoff-Glas bei 77 K / On the Concentration Dependence of the Benzophenonesensitized Naphthalene Phosphorescence in a Hydrocarbon Glass at 77 K
Authors: Zander M.
Published: February 2015

The variation of intensity of the benzophenone-sensitized naphthalene phosphorescence with naphthalene concentration is different in a hydrocarbon or ethanol-ether glass, respectively. The naphthalene phosphorescence quenching observed in the hydrocarbon glass at higher naphthalene concentrations is assumed to result from the formation of non-phosphorescent naphthalene aggregates in benzophenone microcrystals.
High-Pressure Noble Gas Broadening of the Cs Resonance Lines
Authors: Siegling F. , Niemax K.
Published: February 2015

The noble gas broadening (Ar and Kr) of the Cs resonance lines 8944 and 8521 Å (62S1/2-62P1/2, 3/2) was measured in absorption up to perturber pressures of about 20 atm. The experimental shapes of the 8944 Å line induced by multiperturber interaction are compared with theoretical shapes calculated by means of the quasistatic theory assuming additivity of the A2Π1/2 - X2Σ1/2 difference potential energies
Soliton Connection of the sinh-Gordon Equation
Authors: Grauel A.
Published: February 2015

It is demonstrated that the sinh-Gordon equation can be written as covariant exterior derivatives of Lie algebra valued differential forms and, moreover, that these nonlinear differential equations represent a completely integrable system.
Elektronenspektren der Fluoro-Chloro-Iridate(IV),[IrFnCl6-n]2-,n=1-5
Authors: Preetz W. , Tensfeldt D.
Published: February 2015

The electronic absorption spectra of the solid tetramethylammonium salts of [IrFnC6-n]2-, n=1-5, including the stereoisomers for n = 2, 3, 4, were measured in KCl pellets at 10 K, the electronic Raman spectra (ER) on rotating samples of the pure complex salts at 80 K. The strong bands in the UV/VIS region are assigned as charge-transfer transitions from σ(t1u), π(t1g, t1u, t2u) Cl orbitals into the π (t5
2g) Ir(IV) level. The observed splittings and shifts are interpreted by qualitative MO treatment "according to the point groups D4h, C4v, C3v and C2v of the mixed ligand complexes. Two week bands in the NIR region between 1650 and 2000 nm are assigned to intraconfigurational transitions within the 2T2g(Oh) ground term, split by spinorbit coupling (5000-6000 cm-1) and lowered symmetry (30-110 cm-1) into three Kramers doubletts. The assignment of the O-O transitions is confirmed by stronger bands at the same frequencies in the ER spectra. They are coupling preferably with odd vibration modes in the absorption and with even modes in the ER spectra. The hypsochromic shift of the d-d-bands corresponds with the increase of the relativistic nephelauxetic ratio β* from 0.75 to 0.90 and indicates the loss of covalency with increasing number of F ligands.
X-Ray Emission and Absorption Spectroscopy with Binary Amorphous Alloys from the B-Co-, B-Ni-, Co-P-, Co-Ti-, Cu-Mg-, Cu-Ti-, Mg-Zn-, Ni-P-, and Ni-Ti-Systems
Authors: Falch S. , Lamparter P. , Steeb S.
Published: February 2015

X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy has been used to determine the partial density of occupied and unoccupied states in various metallic glasses. The X-ray emission spectra also indicate a possible electronic charge transfer between the alloyed atoms. The experiments were done by means of an electron microprobe. Amorphous Mg2Cu was prepared by ionic sputtering, the glasses of the Mg-Cu-, Mg-Zn-, Cu-Ti-, Co-Ti-, Co-B-, Co-P-, Ni-Ti-, Ni-B-, and Ni-Psystems by the melt-spinning method.

From the measurements it is concluded that the amorphous phase is stabilized by compound formation. A combination with results of X-ray diffraction measurements on amorphous Mg2Cu indicates that the glassy structures should be favoured by a correlation between the atoms of higher electronegativity. The shape of the density of unoccupied states vs. energy curve shows that the local symmetry around the Zn- and Cu-atoms in the amorphous phases differs from that in the corresponding crystalline phases. For the transition-metalloid glasses evidence for a fcc-like local short range order is found.
Source Properties of a Hollow Cathode Arc Plasma
Authors: Vogels J. M. M. J. , Konings L. U. E. , Schram D. C.
Published: February 2015

Experiments have been carried out on the properties of a hollow cathode as an ion-source.

The measured electron density, ion and neutral temperatures and drift velocities have been compared with predictions from the conservation laws for matter, momentum and energy.

Very large exit drift velocities of ions and neutrals are observed. The magnitude and direction, against the electric field, can be explained on the basis of the momentum balance. At weak magnetic field strengths even supersonic drift velocities are found. The charge flux carried by the ions is about five percent of the net arc current. For small flows, the ionized fraction of the gas supply approaches 100%.

The neutral particle density outside the cathode consist of a fraction drifting with a large velocity out of the cathode and a fraction of cool background atoms. The change of the ratio of these fractions with increasing distance to the cathode causes the average neutral particle drift to decrease very rapidly.

Finally, an analysis of the overall cathode power balance is given.
A Multichannel “Potential Curves Hopping” Model for Inelastic Collisions
Authors: Campos D. , Tejeiro J. M. , Cristancho F.
Published: February 2015

We introduce a multichannel “potential curves hopping” model and obtain the exact quantum mechanical S-matrix by solving the associated set of coupled second-order ordinary differential equations that describes the inelastic collisions between atomic particles. The only assumption is that the interaction matrix element between each pair of channels (say, γ and β) is of the form Uγβ(r) = Uβγ(r) =: Uγβ δ( r - rγβ), where δ (c) is the Dirac deltafunction, and rγβ and Uγβ are parameters which can be chosen freely.

Semiclassical techniques can be incorporated directly in the theory if the Schrödinger equations for the uncoupled channels allow this treatment. The formulation is particularized to the two-channel problem and illustrated with a semiclassical example the He+ + Ne problem at 70.9 eV.
Notizen: Cloud Attractors and Time-Inverted Julia Boundaries
Authors: Rössler O. E. , Hudson J. L. , Yorke J. A.
Published: February 2015

Cloud attractors are predicted to exist in simple invertible systems. The explicit noodle map (a three-dimensional diffeomorphism) and several 4-variable ODEs (describing chemical reactors) provide candidates. A “widely spaced” Lyapunov spectrum (+ , - e, - ) may in general warrant a numerical search.
On the Charge-Dependent Matrix Element Between the 9.516 MeV 4+ T = 1 Level and the 8.439 MeV 4+ T = 0 Level of 24Mg
Authors: Yap C. T. , Saw E. L.
Published: February 2015

A recent measurement of the ß - y circular polarization asymmetry parameter A on the isospinforbidden ß + decay of the ground state of 24Al to the 8.438 MeV 4+ T= 0 state of 24Mg yields a charge-dependent matrix element ⟨ VCD⟩Mg between the 9.516 MeV 4+ T = 1 state and the 8.439 MeV 4+ T = 0 state of 24Mg of (106 ± 40) keV, which is the largest measured value obtained so far in ß decay. Our calculation using Nilsson’s wavefunctions and a spherical Coulomb potential results in a value of 87 keV for ⟨ VCD⟩Mg . Variation of the value of ⟨ VCD⟩Mg against the deformation parameter ß shows that theory agree very well with the measured ⟨ VCD⟩Mg for ß around 0.5.
The Effect of Moisture on the N.Q.R. Relaxation of Hexamethylenetetramine at 298
Authors: Trepanier R. J. , Whitehead M. A.
Published: February 2015

With low and and high power transient methods we have found line width narrowing of the ν0 signal of HMT that contains small amounts of water at 298 K. Samples were prepared by humidifying to moistures between 0% and 28% by weight. A minimum line width was observed around HMT : 1 H2O and is likely due to reduced dipole-dipole interactions arising from a 6.4% increase in the cell dimensions. This would account for a narrowing of 140 Hz and when offset by 50 Hz from broadening due to a smaller T1 yields the experimental minimum line width. The smaller T1 also indicates a reduction in the C3 rotation barrier of 2.2 kJ/mole. The v+ and v- lines corresponding to H bonded nitrogen were found but the v0 corresponding to the R3m structure of HMT: 6 H2O was not observed. The v0- of dry HMT was seen with all samples. This implies that humidified HMT has a predominate 143 m crystal structure. When more than 1 H2O per HMT was present the v0 line width was broadened in proportion. This is indicative of a non-uniform H2O distribution within the lattice.
Molecular Values, Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropies and Molecular Electric Quadrupole Moments of Difluoroacetonitrile. A Rotational Zeeman Effect Study
Authors: Spieckermann J. , Andolfatto M. , Sutter D. H.
Published: February 2015

The rotational Zeeman effect of several low J rotational transitions of difluoroacetonitrile has been studied under high resolution conditions with a microwave superheterodyne bridge spectrometer. The observed anisotropies in the molecular magnetic susceptibility tensor are discussed within the model of local susceptibilities to derive the magnetic susceptibility tensor of the nitrile group. Comparison with results obtained earlier for acrylonitrile shows significant changes, probably due to electron withdrawal from the CN-group by the neighbouring fluorine atoms.
Internal Cation Mobilities in the Molten Binary System KNO3 — Ca(NO3)2
Authors: Habasaki Junko , Yang Chao-cheng , Okada Isao
Published: February 2015

Internal mobility ratios in the molten binary system KNO3- Ca0.5NO3 have been measured with the Klemm method in a range up to 50 mol% Ca0.5NO3. From these and available data on the densities and conductivities, the internal mobilities of K+ and Ca2+ ions (bK and bCa, respectively) have been calculated. With an increase of Ca2+ concentration, both bK and bCa decrease. The decrease of bK is presumed to be attributable to the “tranquillisation effect” caused by clustering of NO3
- ions around Ca2+ ions due to the strong Coulombic interaction. The increase of bCa with increasing concentration o f K+ ions may be attributed to the agitation effect by K+ ions.
Effects of Temperature and Magnetic Fields on the Luminescence of Single Crystal (NH4)2TeCl6
Authors: Meidenbauer K. , Gliemann G.
Published: February 2015

The optical absorption of (NH4)2TeCl6 in acetonitrile at room temperature and the luminescence (spectra, decay curves) of single crystal (NH4)2TeCl6 at 1.9 K ≤ T ≤ 180K and at applied magnetic fields H (0 ≤ H ≤ 6 T) are reported. The temperature dependence of the luminescence indicates the existence of a metastable excited state energetically by ~ 80 cm−1 below a second excited state. With H || <111> the decay curves are monoexponential with magnetic field dependent slopes. H ||<001> yields biexponential decay curves, each composed of a slow component corresponding to the decay at H = 0, and of a field dependent fast component. The experimental results can be explained by effects of a tetragonal Jahn-Teller distortion due to a strong coupling of the excited electronic state 3Tlu of the Te(IV) ions and Eg vibration modes.
A Modelling and XANES Study on the Structure of the Amorphous Fe90Zr10-Alloy
Authors: Kizler P. , Lamparter P. , Steeb S.
Published: February 2015

It is shown that it is possible to set up a structural model for the amorphous Fe90Zr10-aIloy which is in agreement both with diffraction and XANES data, the latter being sensitive to higher than binary correlations.
Nitrogen Hyperfine Structure in the Rotational Spectra of 4-Pyridinecarbaledhyde and 3-Pyridinecarbaldehyde
Authors: Stryjewski Detlef , Heineking Nils , Dreizler Helmut
Published: February 2015

We have resolved and analysed the nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure in the rotational spectra of 4-pyridinecarbaldehyde and 3-pyridinecarbaldehyde, C5H4NCHO. The results are discussed and compared to those of previously measured pyridine compounds. The electron withdrawing effect of the aldehyde-function, in the 3- and 4-position at the ring system, has been calculated, and the differences in the results are discussed.
Energie- und Varianzminimierung unter Verwendung korrelierter Wellenfunktionen
Authors: Kleindienst H. , Wolpers M. , Filberg D.
Published: February 2015

The influence of an additive correlation term in the wave-function on the energy and the variance is discussed for the example of He-atom. Furthermore, a correlated orbital like Ansatz is tested for this case.
Flash Photolysis and ESR Studies on Hematoporphyrin and Photofrin II in Polar and Microheterogeneous Environment
Authors: Quint Raimund , Quint Ruth Maria , Getoff Nikola , Gantchev Tsvetan , Shopova Maria
Published: February 2015

Hematoporphyrin (HP) and its derivatives (HPD; e.g. photofrin II) are used as efficient sensitizers in the photodynamic treatment of tumors. The photoinduced formation of various transients resulting from these substrates at pH 12 and 7.4 were studied by conventional flash photolysis and by ESR techniques in the presence of various additives. EDTA is acting as an efficient reducing agent for the triplet state of the substrates. The absorption spectra of some transients (HP·-, HP -OH, HPD·-, HPD -OH) were obtained. Further, ESR studies (pH 4-7) showed that 3HP is mostly converted into HP·- - in the presence of EDTA, but this is not the case with 3HPD. In airfree HPD solutions a longlived transient was registered, which was attributed to HPD·+ species. In aerated substrate solutions the singlet oxygen ( 1O2) and peroxyradicals are formed. The discussed transients very likely are involved in the photodynamic treatment of tumors in man.
Characterization of Electrodeposited Molybdenum Black Surface Coatings
Authors: Farmakis Kostas S. , Poulios Ioannis G.
Published: February 2015

Molybdenum black has been produced in thin coating form (3 μm) on prepared aluminium surfaces by the method of electrodeposition. The microstructure of the coating has been identified as one of flat irregular platelets belonging to a material which can be described as quasi-amorphous. Its chemical composition is 90 wt% MoO2 · 2 H2O and 10 wt% Ni(OH)2 · Mo-black appears to be a good absorber of solar radiation. Absorbance values as high as 93% have been measured for the visible region of the solar energy spectrum. It has been identified that the coating is of semiconducting nature and that the dominant conduction mechanism is the Schottky emission mechanism. Photoelectrochemical measurements have finally provided evidence for photon-induced electrochemical processes at the Mo-black electrodes.
Local Structure and Okada's Empirical Relation for the Internal Mobility of Cations in Molten Alkali Nitrates
Authors: Habasaki Junko
Published: February 2015

The empirical relation

bi = (V - FOi)-1 Ai exp(- Ei/RT)

for the internal mobility bi of cations i in mixtures of molten alkali nitrates, where V is the molar volume of the mixture, is compared with MD simulations. For pure LiNO3 and NaNO3 it is found that (V-Voi)-1 is proportional to the concentration of oxygens in the first coordination shells of the cations i.
Zur Chemie der 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphorinan-4,6-dione. Teil VII+. Über die Synthese von 2-Methoxy- und 2-Trimethylsiloxy-1,3,5-trimethyI- 1.3.5-triaza-2λ3-phosphorinan-4,6-dion sowie 2-Chlor-1,3,5-trimethyl- 1.3.5-triaza-2-oxo-2λ4-phosphorinan-4,6-dion / Chemistry of the 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphorinane-4,6-diones. Part VII. Synthesis of 2-Methoxy- and 2-Trimethylsiloxy-1,3,5-trimethyl-1.3.5-triaza-2λ3-phosphorinane-4,6-dione and 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trimethyl- 1.3.5-triaza-2-oxo-2λ4-phosphorinane-4,6-dione
Authors: Neda Ion , Farkens Michael , Schmutzler Reinhard
Published: February 2015

The reactions of 1,3,5-trimethylbiuret with methyldichlorophosphite, and of 2-chloro- 1.3.5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2λ3-phosphorinane-4,6-dione 1 with methanol or methoxytrimethylsilane furnished the methoxy-substituted triazaphosphorinane-dione 3. In the reaction of 2-hydro-1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2-oxo-2λ4-phosphorinane-4,6-dione 2 with diethylaminotrimethylsilane the corresponding trimethylsiloxy-substituted triazaphosphorinane- dione 4 was formed. The reactions of 3 and 4 with sulphuryl chloride gave 2-chloro-1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2-oxo-2λ4-phosphorinane-4,6-dione 5, whose synthesis via another route was described previously [7]. In the reaction of 1 with 4 the λ3P-O-λ3P-bridged compound 6 and trimethylchlorosilane were formed. Condensation reactions of the P(:O)C1 compound 5 with 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride and bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine furnished the amide derivatives 7 and 8. Compounds 3-5, 7 and 8 were characterized via their 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and mass spectra, compound 6 was characterized from its 1H and 31P NMR spectra only.
New Diels-Alder Reactions of (–)-Thebaine and First X-Ray Crystallographic Structure Analyses of the Cycloadducts
Authors: Pindur Ulf , Keilhofer Diana , Schollmeyer Dieter
Published: February 2015

Diels-Alder reactions of (-)-thebaine (1) as an electron-rich diene system with acceptorsubstituted ethenes gave rise to the cycloadducts 2, 3, and 4 in high regio- and stereoselectivities. Structural analyses were performed by high resolution NMR spectroscopy and, for the first time in the thebaine cycloadduct series, by X-ray crystallographic structural analyses of the compounds 2, 3a, and 3b. In the reaction of (-)-thebaine (1) with an in situ generated aryne, the anellated azocine derivative 5 was formed.
Supermesityl-substituierte Hydrazinoborane / Supermesityl-Substituted Hydrazinoboranes
Authors: Geschwentner Michael , Elter Gernot , Meller Anton
Published: February 2015

Difluoro(supermesityl)borane reacts with monolithiated hydrazines to give the correspond­ ing fluoroborylated hydrazines 1a-c , which could not be dehydrofluorinated to yield definite products. From dilithiated hydrazine the 1,2-borylated species 2 was obtained. The fluoro-borylhydrazones 3a-3d prepared in an analogous way, by dehydrofluorination with tert-butyllithium, led to 5-, 6-and 7-membered boron nitrogen heterocycles depending upon the substituents of the hydrazones.
Tripod-Liganden mit zwei verschiedenen Donorgruppen: Synthese und Koordinationsverhalten von H3CCH(CH2PPh2)2(CH2OH) / Tripod Ligands with Two Different Donor Groups: Synthesis and Coordination of H3CC(CH2PPh2)2(CH2OH)
Authors: Muth Andreas , Reinhard Gunther , Huttner Gottfried , Seitz Thomas , Klein Thomas , Zsolnai Laszlo
Published: February 2015

Starting from pentaglycerin, H3CC(CH2OH)3, a convenient three step synthesis of the tri­pod ligand H3CC(CH2PPh2)2(CH2OH) (3) (abbreviated as PPO(H)) is described and its struc­ture is established by the usual analytical methods as well as by X-ray analysis. The ligand behaves as a bidentate donor towards nickel(II) as shown by the formation and X-ray analysis of the complex {PPO(H)}NiBr2 (4). In the square planar complex 4 only the PPh2 groups are coordinated. In the tetrahedral complex [{PPO(H)}2Ni](BF4)2 (5) two PPO(H) ligands sur­round nickel as bidentate ligands.
Darstellung, 11B-, 13C-NMR-und Schwingungsspektren von Aminom ethylhexahydro-closo-hexaborat(1-), [B6H6(CH2NH2)]- sowie Kristallstrukturen von Cs[B6H6(CH2NH2)] und K[B6H6(CH2NH2)] / Preparation, 11B, 13C NMR and Vibrational Spectra of Aminomethylhexahydro-closo-hexaborate(1-), [B6H6(CH2NH2)]-, and Crystal Structures of Cs[B6H6(CH2NH2)] and K[B6H6(CH2NH2)]
Authors: Franken A. , Preetz W.
Published: February 2015

By reaction of [B6H6]2- with N-(chloromethyl)phthalimide in dichloromethane the intermediate phthalimidomethylhexahydro-closo-hexaborate(1-), [B6H6(CH2(NC8O2H4)]-, is formed which with an excess of hydrazine reacts to give am inomethylhexahydro-closo-hexaborate(1-). The crystal structures of Cs[Bf,H6(CH2NH2)] and K[B6H6(CH2NH2)] have been determined by single crystal X -ray diffraction analysis. They are monoclinic, space group C2/m with a = 11.123(6), b = 6.8441(11), c = 12.810(7) Å, β = 124.032(5)° for Cs[B6H6(CH2NH2)] and with a = 10.767(2), b = 6.6255(6), c = 12.2648(14) Å, β = 123.880(10")° for K [B6H6(CH2NH2)]. The 11B NMR spectrum is consistent with a monohetero substituted octahedral B6 cage with local C4v symmetry. In the 13C NMR spectrum of Cs[B6H6(CH2NH2)] a quartet at 32.7 ppm with 1J(C,B) 65 Hz is observed. The IR and Ram an spectra exhibit characteristic CH, NH, BH and B6 vibrations
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Silylated Ethenes and Acetylenes
Authors: Rüdinger Christoph , Beruda Holger , Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: February 2015

Disilylacetylene (1) has been obtained from LiAlH4 reduction of bis(trichlorosilyl)acetylene (2) and bis[(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)silyl]acetylene (4). The catalytic hydrosilylation of 2 with HSiCl3 affords tris(trichlorosilyl)ethene (5) and 1.1.2-tris(trichlorosilyl)ethane (6). The synthesis of 6, trans-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethene (8) and 1,1-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethene (9) has been accomplished by hydrosilyiation of trichlorosilylacetylene (7) which was synthesized by the reaction of trichloro(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)silane with sodium acetylide. Reductive elimination of halogen from 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethane (10) and 1,2- dibromo-1,1-bis(trichlorosiIyl)ethane (13) gave the corresponding ethenes 1,1-dichloro-bis- (trichlorosilyl)ethene (11), trichloro-trichlorosilylethene (12), 1,1-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethene (9) and 1-chloro-2,2-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethene (14). Tetrakis(trichlorosilyl)ethene (15) has been obtained in a three step synthesis starting from chloromethyl-trichlorosilane or dichloro- methyl-trichlorosilane. By LiAlH4 reduction of trichlorosilylethenes under various reaction conditions, the silylethenes trans-dichloro-di(silyl)ethene (16), 1,1-dichloro-di(silyl)ethene (17), trichloro-silylethene (18), 1-bromo-l-silylethene (19), trans-di(silyl)ethene (20), 1-chloro-2,2-di(silyl)ethene (21), tri(silyl)ethene (22) and 1,1,2-tri(silyl)ethane (23) could be generated. Silylethyne and silyl-chloroethyne were identified as side products. The crystal and molecular structures of 2,5 and 15 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. 2 and 5 crystallize from the melt in the monoclinic space groups Cc and P21/n, respectively. 15 has been crystallized by sublimation (orthorhombic. space group Pbca). 5 and 15 feature strongly distorted ethene skeletons with a double bond twist of 28.1° in 15.