bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El uso de la información en los procesos de políticas: Tensiones epistemológicas y del contexto decisional en la Política Nacional de Evaluación de la Educación en México
Authors: Valladares Liliana
Published: February 2019

Uno de los objetivos de la Política Nacional de Evaluación de la Educación en México (PNEE) es apoyar el diseño de políticas educativas basadas en la información aportada por los resultados de las evaluaciones. En el presente texto se argumenta que el uso de la información en los procesos de políticas está atravesado por un fuerte debate al respecto del papel del conocimiento en las decisiones públicas. Este debate se aborda mediante la descripción de cinco tensiones que se presentan en los planos epistemológico y decisional asociados al ciclo de políticas. Se propone que el análisis y la reflexión en torno a estas tensiones puede enriquecer la comprensión del enfoque de políticas basadas en la evidencia, y contribuir, con nuevos elementos teóricos, al diseño de las acciones y medidas propuestas por la PNEE para promover el uso de la información en la toma de decisiones para la mejora educativa.
Separate and Unequal – Title I and Teacher Quality
Authors: Rivera Rodas Elizabeth Iris
Published: February 2019

Research has shown that Title I’s “comparability” provision causes gaps in noncategorical per pupil teacher funding. Using a unique dataset that merges 2009-2010 New York City (NYC) Department of Education value-added scores, school finance data, and school demographic data, this study not only confirms that NYC Title I elementary schools received less noncategorical per pupil teacher funding than non-Title I elementary schools, but these schools also had lower quality teachers. This paper provides the first evidence of a negative relationship between noncategorical per pupil teacher funding and the percentage of below average teachers even when controlling for certain school demographics. If Title I elementary public schools in New York City have lower quality teachers, then the students that are served by these schools are not receiving the same quality of education as their peers. Changing the comparability provision in Title I funding would result in more equitable funding.
A collaborative digital pedagogy experience in the tMOOC “Step by Step”
Authors: Marta-Lazo Carmen , Frau-Meigs Divina , Osuna-Acedo Sara
Published: February 2019

This research analysed social MOOCs (sMOOCs), which are characterised by the involvement and the interaction of participants in a model based on intercreativity, with the final objective of transferring knowledge by an agile replicating process. The fieldwork focused on the analysis of the sMOOC “Step by Step” of the European Commission-funded Elearning, Communication and Open-data (ECO) Project, which aims to build and apply an innovative pedagogical model for the the training of e-teachers. This sMOOC reaches out to a specific academic community, providing learners with digital competences in order to transform them in e-teachers. The quantitative analysis was done via an online questionnaire. One of the most significant conclusions, which answers the research questions regarding why and how to make a successful sMOOC, is that the design of collaborative activities increases the involvement of learners with the course and the interaction between participants, independent of age but dependent on area of work. This formative process in turn generates transfer of learning together with the embedded pedagogical transformation in e-teachers. This validates the addition of the transferMOOC (tMOOC) model to the existing typologies of MOOCs.
Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
Authors: Sobańska Anna W. , Wanat Karolina , Brzezińska Elżbieta
Published: February 2019

The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability is an important factor governing a drug’s ability to act upon the Central Nervous System. The measure of the BBB permeability used throughout this study is the log BB (the blood/brain partitioning coefficient) measuredin vivoor calculated. Useful yet simple models of the BBB permeability were developed by Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis based on the chromatographic parametersRfandRf/PSAobtained by RP-18 TLC with acetonitrile - pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline 70:30 (v/v) as mobile phase, combined with descriptors - the number of H-bond donors (HD), the number of H-bond acceptors (HA), energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital – (eH), energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (eL). The ability of the solutes to cross the BBB has been studied qualitatively using Discriminant Function Analysis. Almost all compounds with the knownBB vivoparameter were correctly classified as CNS+/-. The classification functions based onRf/PSAhave been verified using an external group. The results of the chromatographic analysis proposed in this study (RP-18 TLC) are a source of valuable information on the BBB permeability of compounds available even on a very small scale.
Scaffolding clinical reasoning of medical students with virtual patients: effects on diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and errors
Authors: Braun Leah T. , Borrmann Katharina F. , Lottspeich Christian , Heinrich Daniel A. , Kiesewetter Jan , Fischer Martin R. , Schmidmaier Ralf
Published: February 2019

Background

Understanding clinical reasoning is a major challenge in medical education research. Little is known about the influence of scaffolding and feedback on the clinical reasoning of medical students. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of problem representation (cognitive representation of a clinical case) and structured scaffolding for reflection with or without feedback on the diagnostic efficiency and characterization of diagnostic errors of medical students.

Methods

One hundred and forty-eight advanced medical students were randomly assigned to one of five groups (2 × 2 design with a control group). They worked on 15 virtual clinical cases (five learning cases, five initial assessment cases, and five delayed assessment cases) in an electronic learning environment. After each case, they stated their presumed diagnosis and explained their diagnostic conclusion. Diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and error distribution were analyzed.

Results

The diagnostic accuracy (number of correctly solved cases) and efficiency (solved cases/total time) did not differ significantly between any of the groups in the two different assessment phases [mean = 2.2–3.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.79–1.31), p = 0.08/0.27 and mean = 0.07–0.12 (SD = 0.04–0.08), p = 0.16/0.32, respectively]. The most important causes for diagnostic errors were a lack of diagnostic skills (20%), a lack of knowledge (18%), and premature closure (17%).

Conclusions

Neither structured reflections nor representation scaffolding improved diagnostic accuracy or efficiency of medical students compared to a control group when working with virtual patients.
Rao-Blackwellizing field goal percentage
Authors: Daly-Grafstein Daniel , Bornn Luke
Published: February 2019

Shooting skill in the NBA is typically measured by field goal percentage (FG%) – the number of makes out of the total number of shots. Even more advanced metrics like true shooting percentage are calculated by counting each player’s 2-point, 3-point, and free throw makes and misses, ignoring the spatiotemporal data now available (Kubatko et al. 2007). In this paper we aim to better characterize player shooting skill by introducing a new estimator based on post-shot release shot-make probabilities. Via the Rao-Blackwell theorem, we propose a shot-make probability model that conditions probability estimates on shot trajectory information, thereby reducing the variance of the new estimator relative to standard FG%. We obtain shooting information by using optical tracking data to estimate three factors for each shot: entry angle, shot depth, and left-right accuracy. Next we use these factors to model shot-make probabilities for all shots in the 2014–2015 season, and use these probabilities to produce a Rao-Blackwellized FG% estimator (RB-FG%) for each player. We demonstrate that RB-FG% is better than raw FG% at predicting 3-point shooting and true-shooting percentages. Overall, we find that conditioning shot-make probabilities on spatial trajectory information stabilizes inference of FG%, creating the potential to estimate shooting statistics earlier in a season than was previously possible.
Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform Based Discriminant Analysis for Whole Genome Sequences
Authors: Huang Hsin-Hsiung , Girimurugan Senthil Balaji
Published: February 2019

In recent years, alignment-free methods have been widely applied in comparing genome sequences, as these methods compute efficiently and provide desirable phylogenetic analysis results. These methods have been successfully combined with hierarchical clustering methods for finding phylogenetic trees. However, it may not be suitable to apply these alignment-free methods directly to existing statistical classification methods, because an appropriate statistical classification theory for integrating with the alignment-free representation methods is still lacking. In this article, we propose a discriminant analysis method which uses the discrete wavelet packet transform to classify whole genome sequences. The proposed alignment-free representation statistics of features follow a joint normal distribution asymptotically. The data analysis results indicate that the proposed method provides satisfactory classification results in real time.
CFD-simulation of radiator for air cooling of microprocessors in a limitided space
Authors: Trofimov V. Е. , Pavlov A. L. , Mokrousova E. A.
Published: February 2019

One of the final stages of microprocessors development is heat test. This procedure is performed on a special stand, the main element of which is the switching PCB with one or more mounted microprocessor sockets, chipsets, interfaces, jumpers and other components which provide various modes of microprocessor operation.
The temperature of microprocessor housing is typically changed using thermoelectric module. The cold surface of the module with controlled temperature is in direct thermal contact with the microprocessor housing designed for cooler installation. On the hot surface of the module a radiator is mounted. The radiator dissipates the cumulative heat flow from both the microprocessor and the module.
High density PCB layout, the requirement of free access to the jumpers and interfaces, and the presence of numerous sensors limit the space for radiator mounting and require the use of an extremely compact radiator, especially in air cooling conditions. One of the possible solutions for this problem may reduce the area of the radiator heat-transfer surfaces due to a sharp growth of the heat transfer coefficient without increasing the air flow rate. To ensure a sharp growth of heat transfer coefficient on the heat-transfer surface one should make in the surface one or more dead-end cavities into which the impact air jets would flow.
CFD simulation of this type of radiator has been conducted. The heat-aerodynamic characteristics and design recommendations for removing heat from microprocessors in a limited space have been determined.
Respuesta geomórfica de los ríos Tulín y Turrubaritos a la deformación asociada la falla Angostura, antearco central de Costa Rica.
Authors: Porras-Espinoza Hernán , Fallas-Salazar Carolina , Stanlyn Sarmiento Kevin , Arroyo-Solorzano Mario
Published: February 2019

La falla Angostura ubicada en el antearco central externo de Costa Rica, es una falla normal que presenta un sistema de relevo mediante una rampa. Esta falla implantada dentro del basamento asociado a la Formación Tulin estuvo activa durante el Mioceno Inferior. Generando así, una serie de depocentros dentro de los cuales se habrían depositado los sedimentos de la Formación Punta Carballo. Los índices geomórficos, así como el análisis del patrón de drenaje y de los paleocanales, sugieren que esta falla ha contribuido activamente en el modelado del paisaje, sin embargo, no presenta actividad al menos desde el Mioceno Medio al presente.
Form-focused instruction (FFI) and language features attended to during content-based instruction (CBI) lessons at a southeastern Mexican university
Authors: Arias de la Cruz Andrés , Domínguez Barrera Gisela , Morales Vázquez Eleazar
Published: February 2019

Una de las limitantes comúnmente reportada, en estudios de la Enseñanza basada en contenidos, es la poca atención que las personas docentes prestan a los aspectos lingüísticos. En México existen 33 universidades que ofrecen licenciaturas en la enseñanza del inglés, en ellas se imparten materias de contenido; no obstante, se sabe poco sobre cómo se dan estas materias y acerca de si los profesores ponen atención a aspectos lingüísticos. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo con el objetivo de determinar si se implementa la instrucción basada en la forma, en cursos de contenido, en una universidad sureña en México. Asimismo, se muestra el tipo de instrucción basada en la forma, que implementan las personas docentes. Mediante un abordaje cualitativo y a través de un estudio de casos, con un alcance de tipo descriptivo, se observó a dos docentes que enseñaban materias de contenido a dos grupos de estudiantes (n=55) de una licenciatura en lenguas modernas. Después de 15 horas de observación, las clases fueron analizadas utilizando el Esquema de Orientación Comunicativa de la Enseñanza de Idiomas o “COLT Scheme” (siglas por su significado en el idioma inglés). Los resultados muestran que el cuerpo docente implementó, solamente, una instrucción basada en la forma de manera reactiva, no hubo evidencia de una instrucción basada en la forma de manera proactiva. Los aspectos lingüísticos atendidos se limitaron a vocabulario y pronunciación, y muy escasamente a la gramática. Por lo tanto, no hay una verdadera integración del contenido y el idioma. Las personas docentes de materias de contenido necesitan implementar la instrucción basada en la forma de manera proactiva, esto para dirigir la atención del estudiantado hacia los aspectos lingüísticos menos comunes del idioma que se estudia
Linguistic exhaustivity inference is context dependent
Authors: Káldi Tamás , Babarczy Anna
Published: February 2019

The study investigates contextual effects on the processing of pre-verbal (preVf) and postverbal (postVf) focus sentences in an eye-tracking experiment. For comparison, lexically marked focus (only-f) sentences were also included. The test sentences were presented following two types of linguistic context: restrictive or non-restrictive. It was hypothesized that if preVf exhaustivity is purely structurally encoded, gaze will converge on the exhaustive target image at a similar rate in the two contexts, just as it does in the case of only-f. However, if context also has an effect on the emergence of exhaustivity in preVf, gaze should converge more slowly on the exhaustive target in the non-restrictive context than in the restrictive context as predicted in postVf. The results support the latter prediction: fixation patterns diverge in the case of both preVf and postVf sentences, while they do not in the case of the baseline only-f.
Domains and CauseP in a unified semantics of Chinese adverbial ziji ‘self’
Authors: Daphne Liao Hsiu-Chen
Published: February 2019

A unified semantics of Chinese adverbial ziji ‘self’ is proposed for its three exclusive readings. In the proposal, adverbial ziji is a focused item, evoking alternatives for consideration by its focus semantic value. Depending on domain variation and different syntactic adjoining positions, ziji shows various surface readings, though the availability of readings is affected by context, world knowledge, and a relation presupposition triggered by ziji. The proposed mechanism suggests the following. First, CauseP for internal causation cannot be introduced by ziji, but is projected more prevalently than commonly assumed. Second, CauseP should be projected in anticausatives. If this analysis is on the right track, it will give us a new perspective of intensifiers and the projection of CauseP, and it will also help us advance the study of anticausatives.
A diminished propensity to compute scalar implicatures is linked to autistic traits
Authors: Mazzaggio Greta , Surian Luca
Published: February 2019

We investigated whether there is an association between autistic traits in the broader phenotype and the ability to compute scalar implicatures. Previous studies found that the frequency of autistic traits is higher in students of science than of humanities. Here we recorded the frequency of rejection of underinformative scalar items in students enrolled either in a science or in a humanities curriculum and assessed their autistic traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaire. We found that rejections were less frequent in science curricula students than in humanities curricula students. Moreover, rejections were associated negatively with autistic traits and positively with performance on Theory-of-Mind tasks. These findings suggest that autism cognitive phenotype is negatively associated with a propensity to spontaneously derive scalar implicatures.
Two types of free choice universality across languages
Authors: Panaitescu Mara
Published: February 2019

The paper teases apart two types of interpretations displayed by so-called “universal” free choice (FC) determiners (e.g., French n’importe quel or Spanish cualquiera) depending on the kind of licensing environment they are placed in, which will be called parallel and serial universality respectively. Since serial universal readings are available to all FCIs cross-linguistically and the only possibility in some cases, they are taken to be the central semantic ingredient of free choice. Section 2 aims to establish a parallel between serial universality (particularly subtrigged sentences) and other constructions which involve semantically constrained pairs of events. The third section represent the co-variation of entity, event and world indices as an option that determiners have under certain (syntactic and semantic) conditions, and which FCIs have grammaticalized. The other ingredient which singles out serial universality from other event-related readings is the (non-optional) causal link between the events introduced by the relative clause and matrix events. The link between relative clause and matrix events is analyzed as a form of historical necessity, a relation between cause and effect, as understood within a metaphysical modal base.
Orozomukoid és sziálsav – szerkezet, funkció, klinikai vonatkozások
Authors: Jakab Lajos
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

The work focuses on orosomucoid. First, the biological role and the development of this essential molecule is summarized, then the formation of its special molecular structure is introduced. After the summary of the specific characteristics and the physiological, pathophysiological as well as clinical properties of orosomucoid and sialic acid, their most important roles are also presented. Orosomucoid belongs to the family of lipocalins and the subfamily of immunocalins – this determines its immunological, anti-inflammatorical and transporting capacities. Another important quality of the molecule is that it is recognized by lectins. Orosomucoid is highly bioactive. More knowledge is increasing about its function and biological role. The clinical relations are summarised, too. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(8): 283–290.
Ritka szisztémás gyógyszer-interakció: timololtartalmú szemcsepp és lerkanidipintabletta együttes alkalmazása során ismétlődően jelentkező syncope
Authors: Kun Edit , Dienes Lóránt , Simonyi Gábor , Finta Ervin
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

The control and planning of the treatment of hypertensive patients need specific attention. As regards concomitant diseases and treatments, glaucoma and the use of eye drops should be taken into consideration. The ingredients of the administered eye drops get through the nasolacrimal canal and can be absorbed by the nasal mucosa. Because of the lack of enterohepatic ‘first pass’ effect, they can act systemically – like after intravenous administration. This way they can cause systemic side effects. The authors present a case of a patient, too, who was examined and medically checked regularly for years with negative results because of repeated syncope. It became clear only at the Hypertension Centre that the timolol-containing combined eye drops caused the symptoms. The authors draw attention to the fact that in the case of systemic side effects which can be connected to beta-blocking agents (blood pressure fall, bradycardia, breathing disturbance, depression), the role of the eye drops should be taken into consideration. At the same time, the possibility of the systemic drug interactions should not be forgotten either. The interaction with dihydropyridine-type calcium-channel blockers can be of great importance. In these cases, after consultation with an ophthalmologist, the glaucoma treatment with eye drops containing beta-blockers should be modified. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(8): 309–313.
A hyponatraemia klinikai jelentősége
Authors: Vígh József , Ábrahám György , Kálmán János , Zöllei Magdolna , Forster Tamás
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

Hyponatremia is a most common disorder of electrolytes encountered in everyday clinical practice. Although many cases are mild and relatively asymptomatic, hyponatremia is nonetheless important clinically because of the potential for substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the knowledge of hyponatremia since the mid-20th century, this common disorder remains incompletely understood in many basic areas because of its causation by multiple etiologies with differing pathophysiological mechanisms. Up to this time, the optimal treatment strategies have not been well defined. The authors present 3 typical hypotonic hyponatremic patients for colleages in clinical practice for studying, for establishing a common conception for the managing of hyponatremia. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(8): 314–319.
A hidradenitis suppurativa nőgyógyászati vonatkozásai
Authors: Kiss Norbert , Plázár Dóra , Lőrincz Kende , Bánvölgyi András , Valent Sándor , Wikonkál Norbert
Published: February 2019

Abstract:

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicles, usually presenting after puberty on the apocrine gland-bearing areas of the body. It usually flares up periodically and can lead to a severe condition affecting the 20–40-year-old childbearing age group. HS occurs more commonly in women. The main clinical features consist of painful, cicatrizing nodules and abscesses which develop mostly in the axillary, inguinal, genital and perianal regions and also on the breasts. HS is often accompanied by severe pain and malodorous discharge, both of which cause significant psychological stress and social stigma. Our main aim with this review paper is to highlight the gynecological aspects of this disease, as many times – due to the typical localization of the disease – patients seek gynecological care first when they experience the first symptoms of this disease. The most important classification of HS is the Hurley scale, which is based on the severity of the clinical symptoms. In recent years, numerous clinical trials have been conducted to seek optimized care of HS patients. Several drugs are used for the treatment of HS, but in most cases, the treatment has to be switched many times. It is of great importance to carefully follow comorbidities and possible pregnancies as in these cases, careful selection of treatment is required. Thus, HS is not only a dermatological, but also a gynecological disease. With an appropriate treatment and follow-up, the disease can be effectively handled. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(8): 291–299.
Addition of RNA sequins to sample for RNA sequencing. v1
Authors: Mercer Tim
Published: February 2019

RNA sequencing can measure both gene or isoform expression, and reconstruct novel and complex spliced isoforms. However, the sheer size and complexity of the transcriptome, as well as technical bias, can confound analysis with RNA-seq. To assess the impact of these variables, we have developed a set of RNA sequins that represent synthetic genes that act as internal controls during RNA sequencing. Each RNA sequin represents an individual isoform, with multiple isoforms forming artificial gene loci that are encoded within the in silico chromosome (chrIS). By modulating the relative abundance of individual sequin isoforms we can emulate alternative splicing, whilst modulating the abundance of multiple isoforms we can emulate gene expression. Accordingly, RNA sequins are mixed at different concentration to emulate differences in gene expression and alternative splicing. By sequentially diluting sequins, we can establish a reference ladder across a range of gene expressions. We formulate multiple alternative mixtures that differ in the concentration of individual sequins. By comparing mixtures, we can emulate differential gene expression and alternative splicing between samples. By contrast, RNA sequins with invariant concentrations between mixtures provide static scaling factors that enable quantitative normalization between multiple RNAseq libraries. The RNA sequin mixture is added to a user’s RNA sample at a fractional concentration prior to library preparation. The combined sample and the sequins then together undergo sequencing. The sequins can then be distinguished in the output library by their synthetic sequence, and analyzed as internal controls. For further detailed background on the design, validation and use of sequins, we refer users to ‘Spliced synthetic genes as internal controls in RNA sequencing experiments’ by Hardwick et al., (2016) NAture Methods DOI:10.1038/nmeth.3958\
Prediction of pneumoconiosis by serum and urinary biomarkers in workers exposed to asbestos-contaminated minerals v1
Authors: Yang Hsiao-Yu
Published: February 2019

Prediction of pneumoconiosis by serum and urinary biomarkers in workers exposed to asbestos-contaminated minerals PLOS One
Suppement data in APSGI-00061-2018R2 v1
Authors: Tu Jian , Xiong Ting
Published: February 2019

Methods and results of supplement figure 1
Suppement data in AJPGI-00061-2018R2 v2
Authors: Tu Jian , Xiong Ting
Published: February 2019

Methods and results of supplement figure 1
Suppement data in AJPGI-00061-2018R2 v3
Authors: Tu Jian , Xiong Ting
Published: February 2019

Methods and results of supplement figure 1
Antidepressant for Symptoms Remission of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis (protocol) v1
Authors: Si Xiaobei , Huo Linyu , Wang Shuai , Lan Yu , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Xumin
Published: February 2019

Objective To evaluate and compare symptoms remission of antidepressants for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods We plan to includ randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated efficacy of antidepressants for GERD by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese VIP Information (VIP), Chinese Medical Databases (CMB) and Wan-Fang databases from the starting date of database establishment till January 1st, 2019. Database will be searched with the search terms of "gastroesophageal reflux disease", "antidepressant", etc. ADDIS 1.16.8 will be adopted for network meta-analysis. We will complement node split analysis to test inconsistency. Rank probability will also be complemented for comparison among antidepressants. Conclusion Our network analysis may further evaluate and .compare symptoms remission of antidepressants for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is considered to be more conducive to clinical treatment of GERD.
The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on the outcome of immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Romanenkov Nikolay Sergeevich , Movchan Konstantin N.
Published: February 2019

Background. Data allowing to estimate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy on the possibility of prosthetic breast reconstruction with silicone implants or tissue expanders are mainly presented in single-level retrospective cohort studies.

Material and methods. We searched for scientific papers in English published from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2018 in the PubMed/MEDLINE database. The study parameters included demographic data, the method of breast reconstruction, information about adjuvant radiotherapy parameters, the incidence of postoperative complications.

Results and discussion. Having studied the data about immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction with silicone implant or a tissue expander performed after mastectomy in 3,654 breast cancer patients. The complications after surgery were reported in 40% of all clinical observations. In 15% of cases, the specialists stopped the attempts to perform breast reconstruction. In general, the aesthetic results of immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction performed before postop radiotherapy are far from being perfect. Nevetheless, most patients are satisfied with them after the surgery.

Conclusion. Adjuvant radiotherapy has a negative impact on the results of immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Despite this, the need for radiotherapy should not be regarded as an absolute contraindication for the immediate breast reconstruction with silicone implants and tissue expanders.
Lung tissue attenuation pattern in the chest computer tomography: pathogenesis, clinical role, and differential diagnosis
Authors: Karnaushkina M. A. , Aver’yanov A. V. , Lesnyak V. N.
Published: February 2019

Chest computed tomography (CT) helps better understanding clinical and pathological features of respiratory diseases. However, interpretation of CT images is difficult without information on clinical course of the disease in the given patient. Therefore, the definite diagnosis could be reached through cooperation of a clinician and a radiologist. This publication presents a lecture aimed at improving a physician's knowledge on interpretation of lung computed tomography (CT) patterns including imaging, structure and extension of abnormal signs. This information is believed to help the clinician to diagnose and differentiate pulmonary diseases based both on CT syndromes and clinical signs. A particular attention is paid on lung tissue attenuation pattern as the most common chest CT abnormality that includes five key entities, such as ground glass opacity, mosaic attenuation, consolidation, atelectasis, and soft-tissue mass.
The Correlation between Fat Consumption and Atherogenic Index on Type 2 Diabetes Melitus Patients in dr. Soebandi Hospital
Authors: Ratnasari Mega , Santosa Ali , Rahmawati Dwita Aryadina
Published: February 2019

One of the risk factor that can be changed in type 2 diabetes melitus is food consumption. Fat is one of the macronutrients that have significant influence in consumption. Unhealthy diet can be a trigger to macrovascular complication that is coronary heart disease (CHD) which started with atherosclerosis. Atherogenic index is a good predictor for CHD. This study aims to determine the correlation between fat consumption with atherogenic index in DMT 2 patients at RSD dr. Soebandi. This is an analitic observational study with cross sectional design, using 74 type 2 diabetes melitus patients from Internal Poly at RSD dr. Soebandi who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fat consumption were obtained with 24-hours food recall interview and atherogenic index were obtained from TG and HDL levels in medical record. The average of fat consumption is 34,01% and as much 33 subjects (44,6%) have high risk of CHD (AI>0,21). Spearman correlation test between fat consumption with atherogenic index is p=0,025 which mean there is significant correlation between fat consumption and atherogenic index in type 2 diabetes melitus patients at RSD dr. Soebandi

Keywords: DM Type 2, fat consumption, carbohydrate consumption, atherogenic index
Analiza notranje strukture slovenskega prevoda Lestvice vezi med nosečnico in plodom (PAI)
Authors: Pavše Lucija , Tul Nataša , Velikonja Vislava
Published: February 2019

Vez med nosečnico in plodom (angl. maternal-fetal attachment) lahko opredelimo s čustvi, vedenji, zaznavami in mišljenjem, ki jih bodoča mati izraža do ploda. Različne vidike vezi med nosečnico in plodom merijo številne samoocenjevalne lestvice. Namen raziskave je bil analizirati notranjo strukturo in zanesljivost slovenskega prevoda Lestvice vezi med nosečnico in plodom (PAI, Prenatal Attachment Inventory; Müller, 1993). V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 619 nosečnic v drugem trimesečju nosečnosti, ki so imele zdravniški pregled v Porodnišnici Ljubljana, Ginekološka klinika, UKC Ljubljana. Nosečnice so izpolnile samoocenjevalno lestvico PAI ter vprašalnik o sociodemografskih spremenljivkah. Konfirmatorna faktorska analiza je pokazala nekoliko boljše prileganje trifaktorskega modela v primerjavi z enofaktorskim modelom, vendar smo se upoštevajoč visoke korelacije med tremi faktorji ter teoretično in empirično utemeljene enofaktorske rešitve iz preteklih raziskav odločili za enofaktorsko strukturo lestvice PAI. Tudi z vidika zanesljivosti je lestvica PAI ustrezen pripomoček za ocenjevanje intenzivnosti vezi med nosečnico in plodom in se lahko uporablja v raziskovalne namene.
Legal Guarantees and Inconsistency of State Recognition to the Right of Religion/Belief in Indonesia
Authors: Kadarudin Kadarudin
Published: February 2019

The right to freedom of religion/belief has been guaranteed by law in Indonesia, but there are still going on some violations of the right to freedom of religion/belief in the various regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of the legal guarantee of the right to freedom of religion/belief in Indonesia, shape inconsistencies state recognition of the right to religion/belief in Indonesia, and efforts to improve the rights of religion/belief in Indonesia. This paper uses a normative study. It was found that there are some rules that apply in Indonesia, which may hinder the implementation of the right of religion/belief, thus causing the occurrence of cases of rights violations religion/belief in some areas, should therefore rules should be immediately revoked. The conclusions of this paper are contained inconsistent state recognition of the right to religion/ belief in Indonesia.
Undang-Undang sebagai Sarana Pembaharuan bagi Masyarakat (Telaah Sosiologis Keberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa)
Authors: Suryawan I Gusti Bagus
Published: February 2019

Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa menegaskan, setiap desa di seluruh Indonesia mendapat alokasi dana dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara. Dana tersebut digunakan untuk pembangunan yang berbasis desa. Total dana yang dialokasikan tersebut mencapai 10% dari dana perimbangan yang diterima Kabupaten/ Kota dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah setelah dikurangi Dana Alokasi Khusus. Secara teoritis penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Undang- Undang Desa sebagai sarana pembaharuan masyarakat. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja melihat perubahan sikap terhadap perundang-undangan yang menampakkan keseimbangan antara keinginan untuk mengadakan pembaharuan hukum melalui perundang-undangan dan kesadaran diperhatikannya pula nilai-nilai dan kenyataan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Undang-Undang Desa menjadi landasan dan bagian dari pembaharuan pola pikir, pola tindak masyarakat desa. Undang-Undang Desa seyogianya juga merupakan instrumen untuk membangun kehidupan baru desa yang mandiri, demokratis, dan sejahtera.
Korelasi Putusan Hakim Tingkat Pertama, Tingkat Banding, dan Tingkat Kasasi (Suatu Studi Tentang Aliran Pemikiran Hukum)
Authors: Bola Mustafa , Librayanto Romi , Arisaputra Muhammad Ilham
Published: February 2019

Hakim dalam mengambil putusan dibebankan kewajiban oleh undang-undang untuk memuat pasal tertentu dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersangkutan sebagai dasar untuk mengadili. Paradigma hukum yang berkembang menunjukkan adanya harapan agar pengadilan, khususnya hakim, tidak hanya mampu memberikan keadilan prosedural semata berdasarkan teks perundang-undangan, akan tetapi lebih utama adalah keadilan substantif. Keadilan substantif bukan berarti hakim harus selalu mengabaikan bunyi undang-undang, melainkan dengan keadilan substantif berarti hakim bisa mengabaikan undang-undang yang tidak memberi rasa keadilan, tetapi tetap berpedoman pada formal undang-undang yang sudah memberi rasa keadilan sekaligus menjamin kepastian hukum. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penerapan paradigma hukum bagi hakim dalam memutus perkara adalah faktor pendidikan hakim, lingkungan peradilan (spirit of the corp), pengawasan eksternal, dan integritas hakim.
Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan di Sektor Kehutanan (Studi Kawasan Hutan Lindung di Kabupaten Sinjai, Sulawesi Selatan)
Authors: Wahid A. M. Yunus , Bohari Naswar , Achmad Achmad
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pelaksanaan penegakan hukum dalam perlindungan hukum terhadp hutan lindung di kabupaten Sinjai, serta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode yuridis normatif, disertai penelitian lapangan sebagai data pembanding. Tingginya angka deforestasi di Indonesia adalah inti dari permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penlitian ini. Okupasi lahan hutan oleh warga masyarakat menjadi area perkebunan atau pertanian, penebangan liar, serta pengalihan fungsi hutan lindung sangat berdampak pada pemanfaatan kawasan hutan. Sinergi antar instansi yang terlibat dalam perlindungan dan pengawasan kawasan hutan lindung mutlak diperlukan dalam upaya pelestarian hutan.
Memaknai “Hukum Negara (Law Through State)” dalam Bingkai “Negara Hukum (Rechtstaat)”
Authors: Ch. Likadja Jeffry Alexander
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan konsep ketaatan hukum dalam bingkai negara hukum (rechstaat) dan bagaimana implementasi dan implikasi prinsip kebebasan (individu) dalam negara hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif (doctrinal research) dengan mengggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan Rule of Law diperlukan untuk membuat konsep negara hukum (Rechtstaat) menjadi lebih dinamis dan mampu menghadapi dinamika perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat, serta membuat hukum lebih otonom dari intervensi otoritas lainnya semisal politik. Implementasi kebebasan dalam konteks negara hukum masih dimaknai secara sempit dan hanya mengangap keadilan dapat terlaksana jika hukum prosedural dapat dipatuhi oleh semua warga negara. Tujuan utama dari penerapan Rule of Law adalah pembatasan kekuasaan otoritas dan pengurangan kewajiban-kewajiban warga negara, sehingga akan menghasilkan suatu ajaran ilmu hukum yang berpusat pada hak (right centered jurisprudence).
Aspek Hukum Pendaftaran Tanah Bekas Milik Asing sebagai Aset Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Nur Sri Susyanti
Published: February 2019

Tanah sebagai aset pemerintah dapat berasal dari tanah-tanah bekas milik asing yang berasal dari tanah-tanah milik Cina dan perusahaan-perusahaan Belanda. Tanah sebagai aset pemerintah daerah diakui setelah dilakukan pendaftaran tanah/bersertifikat. Dalam penguasaan, pemanfaatan, dan pengelolaannya oleh instansi pemerintah haruslah berdasarkan pada Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 17 Tahun 2007 tentang Petunjuk teknis Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah (BMD) agar memberikan manfaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa status hukum tanah aset daerah di kota Makassar yang berasal dari kepemilikan asing (Cina dan Belanda) ada yang telah berstatus Tanah Hak namun masih ada pula yang berstatus Tanah Negara/belum bersertifikat, disebabkan kendala pensertifikatan tanah aset daerah bekas milik asing Cina dan Belanda dari aspek peraturan perundang-undangan dan aspek administrasi.
Putusan Hakim yang Progresif dalam Perkara Perdata (Telaah “Kasus Pohon Mangga”)
Authors: Suwito Suwito
Published: February 2019

Gagasan hukum progresif merupakan konsep berhukum dengan cara menempatkan hukum sebagai instrumen dalam pencapaian tujuan-tujuan sosialnya. Gagasan ini pula menekankan adanya penemuan hukum di setiap putusan hakim sebagai upaya untuk menggali nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Pemikiran hukum progresif ini telah teraplikasi pada beberapa putusan hakim di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah pada perkara keperdataan yang dikenal dengan sebutan kasus “Pohon Mangga” yang terjadi di wilayah hukum Pengadilan Negeri Jayapura. Tujuan pada penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji secara yuridis normatif salah satu putusan pengadilan dalam perkara perdata yang berbasis hukum progresif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode pendekatan normatif dengan putusan pengadilan sebagai bahan hukum primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pertimbangan yuridis hakim yang berbasis hukum progresif pada putusan perkara tersebut, dimana hakim telah berhasil menyelesaikan permasalahan hukum yang termasuk kategori rumit dan abstrak. Kesimpulan pada kajian kasus ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap permasalahan hukum dapat diselesaikan tanpa harus mengenyampingkan peraturan dengan tetap berpegang teguh pada kaidah untuk mencapai rasa keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum sebagai ciri dari hukum yang progresif.
Prospek Negara Hukum Indonesia: Gagasan dan Realita
Authors: Zoelva Hamdan
Published: February 2019

Indonesia sejak awal telah menegaskan dirinya sebagai sebuah negara hukum. Hal itu tampak pada adanya pengaturan yang jelas terkait kekuasaan dan fungsi masingmasing lembaga negara dalam bentuk sistem checks and balances antar cabang kekuasaan, jaminan perlindungan HAM yang cukup lengkap, kejelasan prinsip-prinsip mekanisme demokrasi, serta jaminan peradilan yang independen. Meskipun konstitusi telah mengatur sedemikian rupa, upaya mewujudkan negara hukum bukanlah hal yang mudah. Sekarang ini nampak perjalanan negara hukum Indonesia terasa masih tertatih-tatih. Berbagai persoalan hukum yang mengusik rasa keadilan terus muncul silih berganti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari dasawarsa terakhir, Indonesia telah banyak melakukan perubahan untuk mewujudkan cita negara hukum. Namun pada praktiknya, pembangunan hukum terasa masih tetap jauh dari harapan. Keberhasilan membangun negara hukum tidak dapat diukur dari kemampuan memproduksi legislasi dan menciptakan atau merevitalisasi institusi hukum. Lebih dari itu, keberhasilan bernegara hukum harus pula diukur dari implementasi dan penegakan hukum yang mampu menciptakan keadilan bagi seluruh rakyat. Oleh karena itu, fokus utama berbagai kajian hukum dan kebijakan hukum, harus diorientasikan pada institusi peradilan dan penegakkan hukum.
Penggunaan Media E-mail sebagai Sarana Beracara Contante Justitie pada Pengadilan di Indonesia
Authors: Wahab Yasser S. , Kalalo Julianto J.J. , Mery Lisa
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan asas constante justitie pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui sinergitas proses beracara jika menggunakan sarana media internet e-mail dalam mewujudkan contante justitie. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan bertumpu pada studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa meski prinsip contante justitie telah diatur dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, yaitu pada Pasal 2 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 48 tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, namun pada praktiknya masih ketinggalan zaman, khususnya pada proses beracara jawabmenjawab, karena dilaksanakan secara “tradisional” dengan mewajibkan para pihak untuk menghadiri dan mengajukan surat (secara fisik) di depan persidangan.
Relevansi Doktrin Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Pemidanaan di Indonesia
Authors: Waluyo Bambang
Published: February 2019

Menilik arah perkembangan hukum pidana dewasa ini, bermuara pada pembaharuan hukum pidana melalui perubahan KUHP sebagai sebuah keniscayaan. Selain karena KUHP berasal dari hukum asing (peninggalan zaman kolonial), materi muatan dalam KUHP pun telah usang dan tidak adil (obsolete and injustice) serta ketinggalan zaman dan tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan (outmoded and unreal). Jenis penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah penelitian normatif, yang mengkaji relevansi doktrin restorative justice dari perspektif sistem hukum pidana Indonesia, sehingga dapat dikonstruksi sebuah konsep restorative justice yang ideal diterapkan dalam sistem pemidanaan di Indonesia. Konsep restorative justice merupakan pendekatan dalam penyelesaian masalah yang menekankan pada pemulihan kerugian korban dan pemulihan hubungan antara pelaku dengan korban serta komunitasnya masing-masing. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan ini, para pihak diharapkan dapat mencapai kesepakatan bersama terkait penyelesaian sengketa, sehingga dapat mengharmoniskan kembali hubungan para pihak seperti sebelum terjadinya tindak pidana. Pada tataran praksis, prinsip-prinsip restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana perlu segera diterapkan sebagai bagian dari sistem pemidanaan di Indonesia.
Urgensi Prinsip Proporsionalitas pada Perjanjian Mudarabah di Perbankan Syariah Indonesia
Authors: Sjaiful Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Kehadiran lembaga perbankan syariah di Indonesia, adalah kebutuhan bagi bagi umat Islam di Indonesia, untuk menjamin transaksi keuangan mereka yang berbasis syariah. Salah satu praktik perjanjian syariah yang berlangsung di perbankan syariah di Indonesia, yaitu perjanjian transaksi keuangan yang menggunakan skema mudarabah. Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan telaah penerapan prinsip proporsionalitas terhadap praktek perjanjian mudarabah di perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi sebagai rujukan ilmiah guna melakukan rekonstruksi perjanjian mudarabah agar tetap mengedepankan prinsip proporsionalitas menurut prinsip-prinsip syariah. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian yang dimaksud, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan sumber bahan hukum primer yaitu beberapa perjanjian mudarabah tertulis yang terdapat pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Juga bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan karya ilmiah lainnya yang berisi doktrin dan pendapat hukum ahli tentang perjanjian syariah, terutama tentang perjanjian mudarabah. Berdasarkan hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip proporsioalitas dalam perjanjian mudarabah di perbankan syariah Indonesia belumlah berjalan sesuai standar yang ditetapkan menurut prinsip syariah sebab pada faktanya beberapa klausula yang tercantum dalam akad mudarabah terkesan memberi peluang begi pihak shahibul maal (pihak bank syariah) untuk berlepas diri dari kerugian finansial yang terjadi dikemudian hari, yang seolah-olah kerugian finansial itu hanya ditanggung oleh mudharib (pelaku usaha), sehingga ini menyimpang dari spirit prinsip proporsionalitas yang semestinya menjadi dasar tegaknya nomenklatur perjanjian mudarabah tersebut.
Pengendalian Efektif sebagai Cara Akuisisi Teritorial: Analisis Kasus Sipadan - Ligitan
Authors: Hendrapati Marcel , Napang Marthen , Mochtar Syamsuddin , Judhariksawan Judhariksawan
Published: February 2019

Berbagai cara seperti cession, prescription, discovery dalam memperoleh hak atas suatu wilayah dapat dilakukan oleh suatu negara, asal saja negara tersebut dapat menjalankan pengendalian efektif (effective occupation) atas wilayah itu. Pengendalian yang berlangsung lama, terus menerus dan damai yang disertai dengan pengakuan tidak memiliki karakter fisik semata-mata, tetapi terutama terkait dengan pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi pemerintahan sebagai manifestasi kedaulatan teritorial, sebagaimana ditemukan melalui berbagai yurisprudensi, seperti kasus Sipadan - Ligitan. Hak Malaysia atas kedua pulau itu tidak semata-mata terkait prinsip ‘effective occupation’, tetapi juga terkait dengan sulitnya menghindari pengaruh eksternal di balik putusan Mahkamah Internasional. Argumentasi dan pertimbangan mahkamah sarat dengan alibi atau permainan kata dalam mematahkan pendirian pihak Indonesia sehingga dirasakan adanya ketidakadilan.