bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colors with plasmonic nanostructures: A full-spectrum review
Authors: Song Maowen , Wang Di , Peana Samuel , Choudhury Sajid , Nyga Piotr , Kudyshev Zhaxylyk A. , Yu Honglin , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Kildishev Alexander V.
Published: October 2019

Since ancient times, plasmonic structural coloring has inspired humanity; glassmakers achieved vibrant colors by doping glass with metal nanoparticles to craft beautiful objects such as the Roman Lycurgus cup and stained glass. These lovely color filtering effects are a consequence of the resonant coupling of light and free electrons in metal nanoparticles, known as surface plasmons. Thanks to the continuing improvement of nanofabrication technology, the dimensions of nanoparticles and structures can now be precisely engineered to form “optical nanoantennas,” allowing for control of optical response at an unprecedented level. Recently, the field of plasmonic structural coloring has seen extensive growth. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of various plasmonic color filtering approaches and highlight their uses in a broad palette of applications. Various surface plasmon resonance modes employed in the plasmonic color filtering effect are discussed. We first review the development of the pioneering static plasmonic colors achieved with invariant optical nanoantennas and ambient environment, then we address a variety of emerging approaches that enable dynamic color tuning, erasing, and restoring. These dynamic color filters are capable of actively changing the filtered colors and carrying more color information states than the static systems. Thus, they open an avenue to high-density data storage, information encryption, and plasmonic information processing. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in this exciting research area.
Preparation and uses of large area single crystal metal foils
Authors: Jin Sunghwan , Ruoff Rodney S.
Published: October 2019

Various preparations and uses of single crystal metals are discussed. We briefly review (i) preparation methods of single crystal metals such as growth from melts, epitaxial deposition in vapors and solutions, and abnormal grain growth in solids and (ii) uses of single crystal metals according to their produced shapes (“bulk” vs “film and foil”). We pay special attention to recent advances in the preparation of large area single crystal metal foils and their potential uses.
Role of conductivity on the electromigration-induced morphological evolution of inclusions in {110}-oriented single crystal metallic thin films
Authors: Santoki Jay , Mukherjee Arnab , Schneider Daniel , Nestler Britta
Published: October 2019

The electromigration-induced microstructural evolution of inclusions such as voids, precipitates, and homoepitaxial islands is of technological importance to the reliability, the performance of the thin film interconnects, and surface nanoengineering. In the present article, we report the results on the migration of cylindrical inclusion in the {110}-oriented single crystal of face-centered-cubic metals under the action of electromigration. To this end, we employ a phase-field model based on the Cahn-Hilliard equation with anisotropy in adatom mobility. Emphasis is laid on the role of conductivity contrast between the inclusion and the matrix, and the misorientation of the fast diffusion directions with respect to the applied electric field. Numerical simulations indicate that lower misorientations favor a steady state, while higher values render the inclusion unstable, initiating a complex cycle of splitting and coalescence. At intermediate misorientations, the inclusion undergoes a time-periodic oscillation, the amplitude and the frequency of which is strongly dependent on the values of conductivity. Furthermore, higher conductivity of the matrix relative to the inclusion promotes a transverse elongation, while the similar conductivities lead to slitlike features along the direction of the electric field. Finally, a morphological map is constructed by delineating the dependence of various migration modes on conductivity contrast and misorientation. Results presented here have important implications on void dynamics in interconnects and the fabrication of nanostructures of desired features and dimensions.
Bayesian consensus clustering in multiplex networks
Authors: Jovanovski Petar , Kocarev Ljupco
Published: October 2019

Multiplex networks are immanently characterized with heterogeneous relations among vertices. In this paper, we develop Bayesian consensus stochastic block modeling for multiplex networks. The posterior distribution of the model is approximated via Markov chain Monte Carlo, and a Gibbs sampler is derived in detail. The model allows both integrated analysis of heterogeneous relations, thus providing more accurate block assignments, and simultaneously handling uncertainty in the model parameters. Motivated by the fact that the symmetry in physics plays a crucial role, we discuss also the symmetry in statistics, which is nowadays commonly known as exchangeability—the concept that has recently transformed the field of statistical network analysis.
Weak antilocalization effect and high-pressure transport properties of ScPdBi single crystal
Authors: Zhang Junli , Hou Zhipeng , Zhang Chenhui , Chen Jie , Li Peng , Wen Yan , Zhang Qiang , Wang Wenhong , Zhang Xixiang
Published: October 2019

Half-Heusler compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their fantastic physical properties that include topological effects, Weyl fermions, unusual magnetism, and superconductivity. Herein, the transport properties of half-Heusler ScPdBi single crystals are studied across a wide temperature range and different magnetic fields. From the field-dependent magnetoresistance, we observe a clear weak antilocalization (WAL) effect below 200 K in the low magnetic-field region. The angle-dependent magnetoconductance and the ultralarge prefactor α extracted from the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka equation reveal that the WAL effect is a 3D bulk effect caused by strong spin–orbit coupling. We further studied the magnetotransport properties of the single crystal upon application of hydrostatic pressure and found that the energy gap of ScPdBi increases gradually as the hydrostatic pressure increases. Density functional theory calculations confirm that applying hydrostatic pressure decreases the lattice parameters and, consequently, enlarges the bandgap.
Elucidating the composition of PtAg surface alloys with atomic-scale imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Patel Dipna A. , Kress Paul L. , Cramer Laura A. , Larson Amanda M. , Sykes E. Charles H.
Published: October 2019

Silver-based heterogeneous catalysts, modified with a range of elements, have found industrial application in several reactions in which selectivity is a challenge. Alloying small amounts of Pt into Ag has the potential to greatly enhance the somewhat low reactivity of Ag while maintaining high selectivity and resilience to poisoning. This single-atom alloy approach has had many successes for other alloy combinations but has yet to be investigated for PtAg. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and STM-based spectroscopy, we characterized the atomic-scale surface structure of a range of submonolayer amounts of Pt deposited on and in Ag(111) as a function of temperature. Near room temperature, intermixing of PtAg results in multiple metastable structures on the surface. Increasing the alloying temperature results in a higher concentration of isolated Pt atoms in the regions near Ag step edges as well as direct exchange of Pt atoms into Ag terraces. Furthermore, STM-based work function measurements allow us to identify Pt rich areas of the samples. We use CO temperature programmed desorption to confirm our STM assignments and quantify CO binding strengths that are compared with theory. Importantly, we find that CO, a common catalyst poison, binds more weakly to Pt atoms in the Ag surface than extended Pt ensembles. Taken together, this atomic-scale characterization of model PtAg surface alloys provides a starting point to investigate how the size and structure of Pt ensembles affect reaction pathways on the alloy and can inform the design of alloy catalysts with improved catalytic properties and resilience to poisoning.
Molecular structure and non-covalent interaction of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and its monohydrated complex
Authors: Li Wenqin , Li Meng , Jin Yan , Gou Qian , Grabow Jens-Uwe , Feng Gang
Published: October 2019

The rotational spectrum of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde was investigated by using supersonic jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The measurements were extended to the 34S, 33S, 13C, and 18O isotopologs for the cis conformer, as well as to the 34S and 13C isotopologs for the trans conformer, leading to an accurately structural determination of the two observed conformers. The unchanged experimental Pcc values upon isotopic substitution indicate effective planar geometries of the two conformers. The ring structures of thiophene are slightly different between the cis and trans conformers. Two isomers of the monohydrated complex of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, formed between a cis or trans monomer with water stabilized by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond (HB) and an additional (C=O)CH⋯O(H2O) or (Cring)CH⋯O(H2O) HB, respectively, were observed in jet expansion. The noncovalent interactions attributed to the stabilization of the monomer and the monohydrated complex are revealed by quantum chemical methods. The interaction energy for trans-w-1 is 4 kJ mol−1 larger than that of cis-w-1, attributed to the relative stronger CH⋯O HB. The relative abundance of the two conformers of the 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde monomer and the two isomers of the complex was estimated in the jet.
A simulation algorithm for Brownian dynamics on complex curved surfaces
Authors: Yang Yuguang , Li Bo
Published: October 2019

Brownian dynamics of colloidal particles on complex curved surfaces has found important applications in diverse physical, chemical, and biological processes. However, most Brownian dynamics simulation algorithms focus on relatively simple curved surfaces that can be analytically parameterized. In this work, we develop an algorithm to enable Brownian dynamics simulation on extremely complex curved surfaces. We approximate complex curved surfaces with triangle mesh surfaces and employ a novel scheme to perform particle simulation on these triangle mesh surfaces. Our algorithm computes forces and velocities of particles in global coordinates but updates their positions in local coordinates, which combines the strengths from both global and local simulation schemes. We benchmark the proposed algorithm with theory and then simulate Brownian dynamics of both single and multiple particles on torus and knot surfaces. The results show that our method captures well diffusion, transport, and crystallization of colloidal particles on complex surfaces with nontrivial topology. This study offers an efficient strategy for elucidating the impact of curvature, geometry, and topology on particle dynamics and microstructure formation in complex environments.
A unified view of hierarchy approach and formula of differentiation
Authors: Yan Yun-An , Wang Haobin , Shao Jiushu
Published: October 2019

The stochastic differential equation is a powerful tool for describing the dynamics of a dissipative system in which noise characterizes the influence of the environment. For the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise, both the formula of differentiation and the hierarchy approach provide efficient numerical simulations, with the stochastic differential equation transformed into a set of coupled, linear ordinary differential equations. We show that while these two deterministic schemes result in different sets of equations, they can be regarded as two representations of an underlying linear-dynamics. Moreover, by manipulating the involved Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise, we propose a unified algorithm that may reduce to the hierarchy approach or the formula of differentiation in different limits. We further analyze the numerical performance of this algorithm and find that the hierarchy approach appears to be more efficient for our numerical model studies.
Is morpho-syntactic decoding governed by Processability Theory?
Authors: Buyl Aafke
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on the comprehension of English morphological features by
adult learners of English based in Belgium. I explore the relationship between their
receptive grammatical processing and identified stages of the emergence of productive
capacities using the Processability Theory framework. I problematise the notion of emergence
in receptive grammatical processing, including recognising the additional challenges of
chance performance. I explore the effects of using different acquisition criteria for the
same data comparing the learners’ performance across multiple morphological features in
relation to PTs proposed developmental stages. I find no developmental systematicity on any
of the measures. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Early development and relative clause constructions in English as a second
language
Authors: Kawaguchi Satomi , Yamaguchi Yumiko
Published: October 2019

This study examines the development of relative clause (RC) constructions in a
child learning English as a second language in a naturalistic environment. Processability
Theory (PT) (Pienemann, 1998, 2005; Pienemann & Kessler,
2011) does not treat RCs, hence the present study looks at four major approaches to
RC development and attempts to find points of convergence with PT’s developmental stages. In
order to trace RCs’ development empirically, we audio-recorded at regular intervals the
spontaneous and elicited speech production of a Japanese child learning English from age
5;08 to age 7;08. Our study found that infinitival and participial RC constructions, such as
those considered by Diessel (2004) as building
blocks for RC development in FLA, also emerge early in child ESL.
Can print literacy impact upon learning to speak Standard Australian English?
Authors: Steele Carly , Oliver Rhonda
Published: October 2019

Second language learning research mostly investigates literate learners. Based
on studies by Tarone, Bigelow and colleagues (2004, 2005, 2006, 2006) this small scale study focuses on low level literacy learners
who are acquiring Standard Australian English as their second dialect. It explores whether
literacy levels impact upon the processing of language when engaging in oral interaction
tasks. Utilising Pienemann’s (1998, 2005) stages of question formation, feedback given to
the learners targeted questions within the learners’ developmental stage. Participants were
asked to identify whether the language used differed from their own, and if so, to attempt
to reproduce it. The findings show that feedback was often noticed, but no significant
relationship was found between literacy level and noticing. However, there was a significant
relationship between literacy level and the reproduction of targeted forms. This study, like
the others contained within this section, is concerned with the developmental readiness of
second language learners to acquire target forms and the approach is closely aligned with
that of Li and Iwashita (this volume). However, it does differ in that its participants are
learners of a second dialect with low literacy levels, representing an under-studied
population.
Analysing seed endophytes for biotechnology.
Authors: Bergna A. , Cernava T. , Zachow C. , Berg G.
Published: October 2019

Seed endophytes play a crucial role during the entire life cycle of plants due to their ability to promote germination and plant growth and provide defence against biotic and abiotic stress. The increasing interest related to these microorganisms for applications in sustainable agriculture requires the use of a wide spectrum of techniques to investigate their ecological role and to exploit their biotechnological potential. While the isolation of microorganisms is the most straightforward method to characterize and select microorganisms, molecular techniques represent an advantageous option for the discovery and tracking of uncultivable microbial species. This chapter shows that the concomitant employment of cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent techniques represents the most sophisticated approach for the study of endophytic communities. In addition to a general assessment of developments in this field, the most frequently used tools are described in detail. Moreover, their possible integration as shown in various studies targeting seed endophytes is highlighted. We expect that novel products for biotechnology will become more feasible in the future due to the recent technological and methodological developments.
Prospects for biotechnological exploitation of endophytes using functional metagenomics.
Authors: Obermeier M. M. , Bogotá C. A. M.
Published: October 2019

The usage of natural products, especially in the treatment of diseases, has a long history. While natural products used to be administered directly, they today serve as lead compounds and structural scaffolds for the development of new drugs and other market products. The success of combinatorial approaches to develop new products strongly depends on natural product-likeness. This exemplifies the importance of natural products as structural leads during product development and demonstrates natural product discovery to be as important as ever. This chapter highlights endophytes as a rich bio-resource for the identification of novel natural compounds and emphasizes functional metagenomics as a promising method to source the endophytic potential. With the majority of microorganisms not readily cultivable under laboratory conditions, a vast amount of natural products synthesized by endophytes remains inaccessible. Functional metagenomics circumvents current cultivation limitations by direct cloning of bacterial community DNA. This procedure is, however, rarely performed exclusively on endophytes. This chapter outlines the procedures underlying this methodology with focus on its application to endophytes.
Interplay between endophyte and host plant in the synthesis and modification of metabolites.
Authors: Ludwig-Müller J.
Published: October 2019

The interplay between plants and microbes in their contribution of secondary metabolite synthesis is still not well understood. While plant pathogens might contribute by the synthesis of toxic compounds and the host by making antimicrobial compounds, the synthesis of secondary metabolites in the interaction of plants with endophytic organisms might be much more sophisticated. One possibility is that the plant makes antimicrobial compounds that are either sequestered or metabolized by the endophytic organisms. Alternatively, the inhabitant makes compounds that are released into the plant or environment for its own benefit. Such a compound can also be altered biochemically by the host. Finally, the two partners can contribute to one pathway by using an intermediate synthesized by one and later made to another compound by the other partner. Such examples and the implication for future research to identify the organisms mainly responsible for the biosynthetic pathways are discussed in this chapter.
ORP5 localizes to ER–lipid droplet contacts and regulates the level of PI(4)P on lipid droplets
Authors: Du Ximing , Zhou Linkang , Aw Yvette Celine , Mak Hoi Yin , Xu Yanqing , Rae James , Wang Wenmin , Zadoorian Armella , Hancock Sarah E. , Osborne Brenna , Chen Xiang , Wu Jia-Wei , Turner Nigel , Parton Robert G. , Li Peng , Yang Hongyuan
Published: October 2019

Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that play important roles in cellular metabolism. Each LD is enclosed by a monolayer of phospholipids, distinct from bilayer membranes. During LD biogenesis and growth, this monolayer of lipids expands by acquiring phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through nonvesicular mechanisms. Here, in a mini-screen, we find that ORP5, an integral membrane protein of the ER, can localize to ER–LD contact sites upon oleate loading. ORP5 interacts with LDs through its ligand-binding domain, and ORP5 deficiency enhances neutral lipid synthesis and increases the size of LDs. Importantly, there is significantly more phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) and less phosphatidylserine (PS) on LDs in ORP5-deficient cells than in normal cells. The increased presence of PI(4)P on LDs in ORP5-deficient cells requires phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase 2-α. Our results thus demonstrate the existence of PI(4)P on LDs and suggest that LD-associated PI(4)P may be primarily used by ORP5 to deliver PS to LDs.
Cell type–specific actions of Bcl11b in early T-lineage and group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Romero-Wolf Maile , Yang Qi , Motomura Yasutaka , Levanon Ditsa , Groner Yoram , Moro Kazuyo , Tanaka Tomoaki , Rothenberg Ellen V.
Published: October 2019

The zinc finger transcription factor, Bcl11b, is expressed in T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) among hematopoietic cells. In early T-lineage cells, Bcl11b directly binds and represses the gene encoding the E protein antagonist, Id2, preventing pro-T cells from adopting innate-like fates. In contrast, ILC2s co-express both Bcl11b and Id2. To address this contradiction, we have directly compared Bcl11b action mechanisms in pro-T cells and ILC2s. We found that Bcl11b binding to regions across the genome shows distinct cell type–specific motif preferences. Bcl11b occupies functionally different sites in lineage-specific patterns and controls totally different sets of target genes in these cell types. In addition, Bcl11b bears cell type–specific post-translational modifications and organizes different cell type–specific protein complexes. However, both cell types use the same distal enhancer region to control timing of Bcl11b activation. Therefore, although pro-T cells and ILC2s both need Bcl11b for optimal development and function, Bcl11b works substantially differently in these two cell types.
Characterization of an x-ray source with a partitioned diamond-tungsten target for electronic brachytherapy with 3D beam directionality
Authors: Badali Daniel S , Plateau Guillaume R , Ellenor Christopher W , Ku Chwen-Yuan , Vatahov Petre , Esterline Jane , Wilfley Brian P , Mitchell Christopher R , Fishman Kalman , Funk Tobias
Published: October 2019

The Sculptura™ is a new high-dose-rate electronic brachytherapy system developed by Sensus Healthcare. By combining a steerable electron beam with a partitioned diamond-tungsten x-ray target, the x-ray source of the Sculptura™ is capable of producing highly anisotropic dose distributions, thus achieving true 3D beam directionality. This article reports the spectral and dosimetric characterization of the Sculptura™ x-ray source through a combination of measurements and Monte Carlo simulations for operating points between 50–100 kV. Excellent agreement (~5% discrepancy) between the simulations and measurements was obtained for in-air dose rate characterization. The validated simulations were then used to calculate the dose distribution in water. Dose rates of  >2 cGy/min/μA can be produced at 100 kV, thus delivering 10 Gy in 1 min for typical operating conditions. The dose distributions are sharply peaked, with a full-width at half-maximum azimuth of about 100°.
Imputation of partial pressures of arterial oxygen using oximetry and its impact on sepsis diagnosis
Authors: Gadrey Shrirang M , Lau Chelsea E , Clay Russ , Rhodes Garret T , Lake Douglas E , Moore Christopher C , Voss John D , Moorman J Randall
Published: October 2019

Objective: The ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen is a key component of the sequential organ failure assessment score that operationally defines sepsis. But, it is calculated infrequently due to the need for the acquisition of an arterial blood gas. So, we sought to find an optimal imputation strategy for the estimation of sepsis-defining hypoxemic respiratory failure using oximetry instead of an arterial blood gas. Approach: We retrospectively studied a sample of non-intubated acute-care patients with oxygen saturation recorded  ⩽10 min before arterial blood sampling (N  =  492 from 2013–2017). We imputed ratios of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen and sepsis criteria from existing imputation equations (Hill, Severinghaus–Ellis, Rice, and Pandharipande) and compared them with the ratios and sepsis criteria measured from arterial blood gases. We devised a modified model-based equation to eliminate the bias of the results. Main results: Hypoxemia severity estimates from the Severinghaus–Ellis equation were more accurate than those from other existing equations, but showed significant proportional bias towards under-estimation of hypoxemia severity, especially at oxygen saturations  >96%. Our modified equation eliminated bias and surpassed others on all imputation quality metrics. Significance: Our modified imputation equation,

is the first one that is free of bias at all oxygen saturations. It resulted in ratios of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen and sepsis respiratory criteria closest to those obtained by arterial blood gas testing and is the optimal imputation strategy for non-intubated acute-care patients.
Design and in-field testing of the world’s first ReBCO rotor for a 3.6 MW wind generator
Authors: Bergen Anne , Andersen Rasmus , Bauer Markus , Boy Hermann , Brake Marcel ter , Brutsaert Patrick , Bührer Carsten , Dhallé Marc , Hansen Jesper , ten Kate Herman , Kellers Jürgen , Krause Jens , Krooshoop Erik , Kruse Christian , Kylling Hans , Pilas Martin , Pütz Hendrik , Rebsdorf Anders , Reckhard Michael , Seitz Eric , Springer Helmut , Song Xiaowei , Tzabar Nir , Wessel Sander , Wiezoreck Jan , Winkler Tiemo , Yagotyntsev Konstantin
Published: October 2019

The main aim of the EU H2020 project EcoSwing was to demonstrate a technical readiness level of 6–7 for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) technology operating in a wind generator. To reach this goal, a full-scale synchronous HTS generator was successfully designed, built and field-tested in a 3.6 MW turbine. The generator has a rotor with 40 superconducting coils of 1.4 m long. The required >20 km of coated conductor was produced within the project’s time schedule. All coils were tested prior to assembly, with >90% of them behaving as expected. The technical readiness level of HTS coils was thus increased to level 7. Simultaneously, the maturing of cryogenic cooling technology over the last decade was illustrated by the several Gifford-McMahon cold-heads that were installed on-board the rotor and connected with the stationary compressors through a rotating coupling. The cryogenic system outperformed design expectations, enabling stable coil temperatures far below the design temperature of 30 K after only 14 d of cool-down. After ground-based testing at the IWES facility in Bremerhaven, Germany, the generator was installed on an existing turbine in Thyborøn, Denmark. Here, the generator reached the target power range and produced power for over 650 h of grid operation.
Comparison of Five Different Lactation Curve Models to Estimate Milk Yield of Friesian Holstein Cows at BBPTU HPT Baturraden
Authors: Nanda E D , Salman L B , Indrijani H , Tasripin D S , Anang A
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of five different lactation curve models to estimate 305 days milk yields in Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cow at BBPTU HPT Baturraden. Appropriate lactation curve could provide useful information for genetic breeding programs, herd nutritional management, decision taking on the culling cows and milk production simulation systems. The analysis was carried out on a total of 8.167 milk yield records based on test day (TD) from first to fourth lactation from 2014 to 2017. The models compared were Wood, Yadav, Ali-Schaeffer, Wilmink, and Guo and Swalve models. The results showed that the Ali-Schaeffer’s model was the best model to predict milk production. It is known from the coefficient of determination at first, second, third, and fourth lactation respectively were 0.99156, 0.99074, 0.98985, 0.96706, correlation between predicted and observed values (r) were 0.99577, 0.99536, 0.99491, 0.98339, and Se were 0.30, 0.37, 0.38, 0.63.
The Ability of Phosphorhizobacteria Isolates to Produce Organic Acid and Promote Phosphatase Activity to Increase The Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Selected Medium
Authors: Khumairah F H , Nurbaity A , Setiawati M R , Fitriatin B N , Simarmata T
Published: October 2019

Utilization of phosphorhizobacteria has the potential to increase the growth of maize by producing organic acid and promoting its phosphatase activity. The research to investigate the capability of phosphorhizobacteria isolates to produce organic acids to convert organic P into inorganic P so that P is available and can increase the nutrient uptake by plants. The experiment was conducted at the Soil Biology Laboratory in Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. It was arranged as complete randomized factorial design, consisted of 16 treatments (combination of singular and consortia of phosphorhizobacteria isolates: J1M, J3T and J5H and two concentrations) with 3 replications. The suspension of phosphorhizobacteria isolates were inoculated into media Murphy then planted the maize seedlings into it. The produced organic acid, phosphatase enzyme and seedling growth were measured at 14 days after planting. Results showed that phosphorhizobacteria isolates has the ability to produce oxalic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid and maleic acid along with maize seedlings. The interaction of consortia phosphorhizobacteria isolates (J1M+J3T) capable to increase maize biomass 21.87% higher than control and P uptake by 3.13 mg/100 g. The J5H isolate can significantly promote the highest phosphate solubilizing index and phosphatase activity
Coal Utilization as a Growth Medium of Microbial Consortium from Dairy Cow Feces
Authors: Harlia E , Marlina E T , Hidayati Y A , Kurnani T B A , Rahmah K N , Joni I M , Ridwan R
Published: October 2019

Many uneconomical coal mining areas which have low calorific value can be found in Kalimantan, Indonesia. In those areas, coalbed methane (CBM) mainly methane (CH4) is formed, trapped and accumulated in the pores or cleats during the lifetime coal formation. This condition can potentially be utilized as an alternative energy source. Adding a source of methanogenic bacteria and organic matter is an option to maximize methane in CBM. High carbon content causes young coal to become a source of nutrients for methane-forming microorganisms. Methanogen type microorganisms play an important role in the manufacture of CBM and they can only work on anaerobic conditions. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between coal characteristic and coal function as microbial growth media to gas formation which can be utilized as environmentally friendly alternative energy. The research used explorative method with descriptive analysis. The research parameters were three coal characteristics, methane production, and Volatile Fatty Acids. The results indicated that coal characteristics support symbiosis and microbial growth with total bacterial counted > 1010 CFU/ml, while the amount of acetic acid larger than butyric acid and propionic acid which support sustainable methane gas formation.
Antifungal Activity of Methanol-Extracted Secondary Metabolites of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere of Oil Palm Trees Against Ganoderma Boninense Pat.
Authors: Widiantini F , Yulia E , Nasahi C
Published: October 2019

Several rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy oil palm trees showed prospective ability as biocontrol agent against pathogenic fungi Ganoderma boninense Pat. The fungus is the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) disease can cause yield reduction up to 80%. Therefore, searching for effective compound to control the disease is a continuous process. Rhizosphere bacteria isolates were grown on ISP2 agar media and incubated for 14 days at room temperature. The media with fully grown cultures were cut into cubes and added with methanol. It was shaken and the bacterial cells were then removed through centrifugation and series of filtration. The final filtration was conducted using 0.2 µm to sterilize the filtrate. The filtrates were subjected for antifungal activity against G. boninense using agar well diffusion. The result showed that the crude metabolites produced by the rhizosphere bacteria demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of G. boninense in the agar diffusion method. The highest inhibition reached 51.63%. Furthermore, G. boninense mycelia were also experienced malformation by the presence of the secondary metabolites. The isolated rhizosphere bacteria showed promising ability to produce antifungal compounds which were able to inhibit the growth of G. boninense as well as causing the morphological changes of its mycelia.
Rheological Properties of Honey and its Application on Honey Flow Simulation through Vertical Tube
Authors: Bambang N , Ikhsan M , Tensiska  , Sukri N , Mahani
Published: October 2019

Honey is believed as functional food. Honey is very viscous fluid and make it difficult to flow. Rheological properties of honey is an important parameter to control and process design in food industry where honey used as food ingredients. Rheology is the study of flow and deformation properties of a material when pressure given to it intentionally or naturally. The majority of fluid foods had flow behavior best modelled with power law model which divide fluid into three models: Newtonian and non-Newtonian (Dilatant and Pseudo plastic). The purpose of this study was to examine the rheological characteristics of honey and the effect of temperature on viscosity as well as knowing how accurate the rheological model used (Power Law) to analyze the fluidity properties of honey. The method used is an experimental method with a descriptive analysis. The results showed that the honey used in this study has showed pseudo plastic flow properties with a flow behavior index value of 0.95

(
τ
=
6318.46

γ

0.947

)

. Effect of temperature on the viscosity of honey showed that the viscosity of honey decreases with increasing temperature and best modeled with Arrhenius equation

(

μ
=
1.05
×

10

−
10

e

76.01
 1

8.314
T

)

. The results of honey flow simulation through the vertical glass tube transport system showed a very high degree of accuracy when compared with the actual results (99.57 %).
The Analysis of Poverty Trap on Smallholder Dairy Farms in Pangalengan Area
Authors: Sulistyati M , Hermawan  , Firman A
Published: October 2019

Dairy farming is dominated by smallholder producers in Pangalengan area. The characteristics of poverty trap are lack of capital, low productivity, low income, low savings and investment. Therefore, the purposes of this research were: 1) to find out the ability of smallholder farmers to increase the family income; 2) to analyze which factors influence on the existence of keeping dairy cows in small scale; and 3) to know the efforts of smallholder producers release from poverty trap. The research method used a survey method with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Number of respondents that chosen in study location were 100 respondents. The ordinary least square (OLS) is used to analyze the factors that affect the keeping dairy cows in small scale. The results showed that: 1) small scale dairy farms (one to three heads) have not been able to meet the needs of family life; 2) factors that influenced on the ownership of dairy cows in small scale those are cows asset, dairy farming income, cow productivity, and non-formal education; 3) the efforts of smallholder farmers to quit from poverty trap must increase number of cows, productivity, earnings, and improve non-formal education in the form of training and guidance.
Food Security Level of Farmer Households in Rice Field Agroecosystem
Authors: Rosada I , Nurliani  , Gobel F A
Published: October 2019

Food security at the household level essentially shows the ability of households to meet the food adequacy. This ability is influenced by complex factors but generally related to socio-economic aspects, food production behavior, consumption and allocation of household resources. The objectives of the research are 1) to identify the social and economic characteristics, 2) to identify the food consumption pattern, and 3) to analyze the level of household food security based on the quality of food consumption. This research was conducted in Lanrisang Sub-district, Pinrang District, South Sulawesi Province. This research is a depth survey research in 50 farm households in rice field agroecosystem that were chosen through simple random sampling. The analysis method was descriptive analysis, farm activities analysis and food consumption quality. The results showed that the description of socio-economic conditions of farmer household is 60% low educated, 58% had < 7 years of working experience on farm, 52% have ⩾ 3 family members, 74% with the income of ⩾ IDR 1,800,000, 86% of household expenditure on food, and only 9 people (18%) have alternative job. The level of household food security of farmers in rice field agroecosystem is categorized as “food insecure.”
Effects Of Fermented Milk And Soybean With Probiotic On Blood Lipid In Rats
Authors: Adriani L , Latipudin D , Lesmana R
Published: October 2019

Probiotics have several positive benefits such as reducing pathogenic bacteria population to help food digestion and lowering blood lipid levels. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented cow milk, soybean milk, and combination of both with probiotic bacteria on HDL, LDL, and blood cholesterol level of rats. A total of 30 rats,8 weeks old were used in this study in a Complete Randomized Design. The rats were randomly assigned into 5 treatment and replicated 5 times of 1 rat each. The rats in first group (P0) were given basal feed without probiotic, P1 = basal feed + fermented cow milk; P2=basal feed +75% fermented milk + 25% soybean milk; P3 = basal feed + 50% fermented cow milk + 50 % fermented soybean milk P4=basal feed + fermented cow’s milk with different bacteria. There was a non-significant reduction in LDL, and cholesterol level of rats, also non-significant addition in HDL due to probiotic supplementation and the highest reduction is in group fed P4. Addition of probiotic in diet of rats gave the same respond, but have beneficial effect in improving blood cholesterol although non-significant different
Measurement Model for Supply Chain Performance of Shallot
Authors: Pratiwi D E , Setiawan B , Puspo C , Nugroho  , Hardana A E
Published: October 2019

Supply chain is an important key for any businesses’ existence and development, since this concept can be a solution for them to hold efficient operational practices, minimizing cost, and on time delivery. Therefore, appropriate management practices on supply chain of agricultural commodity could be a substantial matter since it has been facing problems in efficiency, supply, and minimizing cost. The higher the economic value of a commodity, the more important the role of management on its supply chain. One of Indonesia’s strategic and high valued commodity is shallot due to its high consumption and great contribution on regional economic development of production areas. Performance of shallot supply chain may impact on the parties involved, as farmers, traders, and suppliers. Thus, in order to formulate an accurate strategy to improve shallot supply chain performance, a measurement model is needed. This research employed Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) method to identify the model, while analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each indicator in the model. Findings of this research indicate that production is the key aspect on shallot supply chain. Furthermore, quality and order-fulfilment the most significant parameter in defining its performance is quality. Cost and order-fulfilment are proven as the highest weight-scores attribute and indicator, respectively, in measuring the performance of shallot supply chain.
The Effect of Organomineral on pH, Nitrogen Content, Organic-C Content and Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Inceptisols, West Java Indonesia
Authors: Mulyani O , Sudirja R , Joy B , Hanandiva R A
Published: October 2019

Generally, Inceptisols has low to moderate fertility characteristics. This condition can make a problem on the development of upland rice production caused by poor soil quality. Upland rice is one of the cultivated plants that is cultivated on dry land. This research was aimed to find the perfect combination of organomineral including humic acid, zeolite, natural phosphate, and dolomite on soil and yield of upland rice in Inceptisols. This research was conducted at Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from July 2017 to February 2018. This experiment applied a Randomize Block Design (RBD) consisted of 10 treatments and three repetitions with the combination of humic acid (6; 8; 10 kg/ha); zeolite (150; 200; 250 kg/ha); dolomite (100; 150; 200 kg/ha) and natural phosphate (250; 300; 350 kg/ha). The result of this experiment showed that there was a significant effect of the organomineral on pH, Organic-C and yield of upland rice but no for total N. However the combination of humic acid 10 kg / ha + zeolite 150 kg / ha + dolomite 100 kg / ha + raw phosphate 250 kg / ha is the best doses compared to other combinations.
Combined application of native mycorrhizal and cellulolytic fungi to manage drought effects on maize
Authors: Fikrinda F , Syafruddin S , Sufardi S , Sriwati R
Published: October 2019

Drought become the foremost abiotic stress limiting plant growth and leading to crop-yield loss. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and cellulolytic fungi (CF) on the growth, yield, mycorrhizal colonization, and the phosphorous (P) and proline contents of maize under drought. This study was conducted using a 3 x 3 factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications The treatments were inoculation of native AM fungi (no AM fungi, Acaulospora tuberculata, and Gigaspora cf. gigantea) and native celluloltic fungi (no CF, Talaromyces pinophilus strain MR107 and Talaromyces pinophilus isolate OK3SP103P) evaluated under 50% field capacity (FC). Our results clearly indicated that increasing plant height, plant diameter, mycorrhizal colonization, and P content and decreasing proline content were affected either by native AM or cellulolytic fungi, but dry weight of 100-grain was only increased by native cellulolytic fungi. Combined inoculation of native AM and cellulolytic fungi improved P content and mycorrhizal colonization. Gi. cf. gigantea and T. pinophilus strain MR107 were more potential native inoculants to eliminate negative effect of water stress on maize.
Study on the application of coal blending technology based on quantum particle swarm optimization in large circulating fluidized bed boiler
Authors: Cai B , Qin T , Han Y , Yv Y L , Gao Z P , Zhao Z Y
Published: October 2019

Based on the theory of quantum particle swarm optimization, the calculation method of coal characteristics is integrated. The calculation analysis model and theoretical method are put forward to determine the distribution characteristics of lignite blended coal parameters. The CFB furnace heat transfer model with partitioned section calculation and the overall algorithm of boiler thermal calculation with sequential module iteration are applied to carry out thermal calculation of mixed coal with different proportions of lignite coal and variable conditions. The influence rule of the parameters is analyzed, and the range of reasonable mixing ratio is 50 ∼ 70%. Based on the theory of combustion air dynamics and clean combustion theory, the performance of a large CFB boiler with high proportion of lignite burning is optimized, and the thermal efficiency of the boiler is increased to 90.845%. The power consumption of the integrated plant is reduced to 10.59 - 11.23%
Digital measuring precision depending on not only resolutions but also sampling frequencies
Authors: Hao Y S
Published: October 2019

Digital measurements have widely been applied to observing signals in the world. Powers and frequencies are both main characteristic of signals. It is obvious that power precision of the signals is affected by resolutions of ADCs. There will be frequency errors if sampling frequencies are less than their lower limits, which was found by Nyquist at 1928. It will be proved true that there would be frequency errors too if sampling frequencies are larger than their supper limits in this paper, which are proportional to precisions in S-domain, and inversely proportional to resolutions of ADCs.
Full-scale Experimental study on the suppression effect of water sprinkler system on energy saving building fire
Authors: Gui J , Wang D , Jiang Y Q , Zheng Y , Ye K , Huang D Y , Yang L Z
Published: October 2019

In an energy saving building fire, the high temperature and pressure of the indoor smoke or flame break the window glass, and even forms ejecting fire that the flame spills out of the window. It is extremely dangers that the ejecting fire flame to the upper floor might contribute to the unpredicted hazard of the fire in energy saving building with amounts of insulation material. Therefore, the aim of this paper is proposing a method of protecting external windows based on the water sprinkler system. The system can suppress the spread of fire on the facade of the building, and prevent the formation of three-dimensional combustion of the building. This paper design and carried the two groups full-scale experiments to check the suppression effect of water spray system on the glass of the window under the different heat release rate (HRR) and thermal radiation from the fire. The conclusions describe the thermal radiation attenuation characteristics and temperature attenuation characteristics inside and outside the window. Consequently, we find that the sprinkler system can effectively protect the integrity of the glass and control the outdoor temperature within a safe range under the conditions of fire source power of 0.6 MW, 1.5 MW, and 3 MW. After the sprinkler system was turned on, the outdoor heat flux density rapidly decreased from a peak of 197 W/m2 and stabilized at 80 W/m2, which was 59% lower than the peak value. The research provides the deep insight into the temperature suppression phenomenon under the spray, and the protection method of ejecting fire for the external window is helpful to reduce the possibility of flashover in the indoor spray coverage. Due to the large range of heat release rates set in this paper, the experimental results provide a data reference for the fire protection design of future energy saving buildings.