bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN RINGKAS BERBAGAI TEKNIK TERKINI UNTUK MENENTUKAN KUAT GESEK EROSIF TANAH
Authors: Sutarto Tommy Ekamitra
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTStream bank erosion manifests in two main modes, namely mass failure and fluvial erosion. Fluvial erosion is a quasi-continuous entrainment of individual soil grains or grain flocs or chunks from the bank face due to the hydrodynamic shear flow action. It occurs under water with retreat lengths in millimeter or centimeter scale. The interaction between fluvial erosion and mass failure determines the shape and retreat rate of the stream bank (Rinaldi et al., 2008). It is not rare, fluvial erosion which occurs at the bank toe later triggers slumping of soil mass known as mass failure. Despite its importance, the mechanism of fluvial erosion is less understood. This is predominantly due to lack of technique for measuring two key bank soil parameters that determine fluvial erosion rate, e.g., erosion shear strength τcand the erodibility coefficient M (Papanicolaou et al., 2007, Grabowski et al., 2011, Sutarto et al., 2014a). The goal of this manuscript is to provide a short review on the various techniques for measuring τcand M proposed and applied in various studies. The advantages and the limitations of each technique are discussed to get a glimpse on where we stand and what challenge remains to overcome.Key words : Fluvial erosion, erosion shear strength, erodibility coefficientABSTRAKErosi tebing sungai terjadi dalam dua model utama, yakni erosi gerusan dan longsor atau keruntuhan. Erosi gerusan ditandai dengan tergerusnya butiran atau bongkahan tanah, secara hampir kontinu, dari permukaan tebing akibat daya gerus air sungai. Erosi gerusan berlangsung di bawah muka air dan magnitudo erosi sangat kecil dalam skala millimeter hingga centimeter saja. Interaksi antara erosi gerusan dan longsor membentuk profil permukaan tebing sungai dan mendikte laju pergerakan mundur tebing sungai (Rinaldi dkk., 2008). Tidak jarang erosi gerusan, yang umumnya lebih dominan terjadi di tumit tebing, memicu longsor tebing. Meskipun demikian pentingnya peran erosi gerusan, pemahaman tentang mekanisme erosi gerusan tidak sebaik pemahaman tentang longsor tebing. Hal ini disebabkan belum adanya metode akurat yang disepakati bersama untuk mengukur dua parameter kunci tanah yang menentukan laju erosi gerusan, yakni kuat gesek erosif τcdan koefisien erodibilitas M (Papanicolaou dkk., 2007, Grabowski dkk., 2011, Sutarto dkk., 2014a). Artikel ini memaparkan hasil tinjauan ringkas tentang teknik pengukuran parameter τcdan M yang ditawarkan dan sudah diaplikasikan dalam berbagai studi. Kelebihan dan kekurangan dari masing-masing teknik juga akan dibahas untuk memahami sejauh mana kemajuan yang telah dicapai dan permasalahan yang masih harus diatasi.Kata kunci : Erosi gerusan, kuat gesek erosif, koefisien erodibilitas
KENDALI JARI ROBOT DENGAN ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
Authors: Pamungkas Daniel S , Kurniawan Sumantri R , Prasetyo Eko
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTRobot fingers can be applied to various activities, one of which is to replace the hands/fingers of someone who lost their hands/fingers. To mobilize the robot can be used several methods one of them is by using muscle sensor. In this study, a pair of electrodes placed on the subject's forearm as well as an artificial finger robot was used. For the open and close the fingers on the robot learning process, the artificial neural network is used. From this research, the proposed system can imitate subject movements with the results are for open and close fingers are 90,2% and 85,4% respectively..Key words : finger robot, neural network, electromyographyABSTRAKRobot jari dapat diaplikasikan pada berbagai kegiatan, salah satunya adalah untuk mengantikan tangan/jari pada seseorang yang kehilangan tangan/jarinya. Untuk mengerakkan robot tersebut dapat digunakan beberapa metoda salah satunya adalah dengan mengunakan sensor otot. Pada penelitian ini, sepasang elektroda diletakan pada lengan bawah subjek serta sebuah robot jari buatan digunakan. Untuk proses learning membuka dan menutup jari pada robot jari maka digunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa sistem yang diusulkan dapat mengerakan robot jari sesuai dengan gerakan subjek, yaitu 90,2% dan 85,4% untuk gerakan membuka serta menutup.Key words : Jari robot, jaringan syaraf tiruan, electromyograpy
AUTOMATIC COOKER HOOD : PENGHISAP ASAP OTOMATIS PADA DAPUR BERBASIS KETEBALAN ASAP
Authors: Waluyo Agus , Ryadhi Aditya , Kamarudin Kamarudin
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTKitchen is a room to process food until ready to serve. A good and healthy kitchen should be kept clean. Excessive fumes from cooking will disrupt health. The cooker hood is a smoke suction device, generally still manual, the use of the control panel to set the cooker hood looks less practical, because it can not keep up with excessive smoke. From the problem the researcher make an automatic smoke suction system, if the smoke condition there is no dc motor will off, when detected dc motor smoke will be active with normal speed, when detected more smoke speed dc motor will faster spin. In this system use MQ7 sensor as an indication of the smoke, current sensor as an indication of current on the system. To adjust the speed of a DC motor the researcher uses a PID system, The motor speed changes according to the smoke condition. In this study is expected to facilitate the job when cooking proses and people who are cooking is not disturbed by the presence of excessive smoke.Keywords: Motor DC, MQ7, Cooker Hood, Kitchen and PID.ABSTRAKDapur adalah suatu ruangan untuk mengolah makanan hingga siap di sajikan. Dapur yang baik dan sehat harus terjaga kebersihannya. Asap yang berlebihan dari hasil memasak akan mengganggu kesehatan. Cooker hood, merupakan alat penghisap asap, pada umumnya masih bersifat manual, penggunaan control panel untuk mengatur cooker hood terlihat kurang praktis, karena tidak bisa mengimbangi asap yang berlebih. Dari permasalahan tersebut peneliti membuat sebuah sistem penghisap asap otomatis, apabila kondisi asap tidak ada motor dc akan off, ketika terdeteksi adanya asap motor dc akan aktif dengan kecepatan normal, ketika terdeteksi asap lebih kecepatan motor dc akan lebih cepat berputar. Pada sistem ini menggunkan sensor MQ7 sebagai indikasi adanya asap, current sensor sebagai indikasi arus pada sistem. Untuk mengatur Kecepatan motor DC peneliti menggunakan sistem PID, Kecepatan motor berubah sesuai dengan kondisi asap. Pada penelitian ini diharapkan mempermudah perkerjaan saat peroses memasak dan orang yang sedang masak tidak terganggu dengan adanya asap berlebih.Kata kunci : Motor DC, MQ7, Cooker Hood, Dapur, dan PID.
PENDETEKSI LEVEL FLUIDA MENGGUNAKAN METODE FLOAT MAGNETIC LEVEL GAUGE BERBASIS HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)
Authors: Miranty Miranty , Fahrul Fahrul , Opu Agus Salim
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this present technology era, human needs of the intelligent equipment systems that automatically do all task itself, are increased. For designing that equipment, a component that can calculate, remember, and also make a decision is required. Computer has that ability, but only using computer for this purpose is not efficient. So we use the computer with a microcontroller.By using Float Magnetic Level gauge method in microcontroller, fluids level can be detector by a magnet system that can float as triggers of reed switch based on level change of fluids.The result is level in percent unit and it is displayed on interface that named Human Machine Interface in real time. Measurement on fluid level sensor is when the sensor floating in minimum level, it will give 4 mA value as the signal output. And then when the sensor floating in maximum level, it will give 20mA value as the signal output. That value is the standard value for sensor signal output in industry. After converting the value of signal ouput current to voltage value, it found out that the level sencor has 98% accurancy.Keyword: Measurement, Level, Fluids, Human Machine Interface, 4–20mAABSTRAKPada era teknologi saat ini, kebutuhan manusia terhadap sistem peralatan cerdas yang dapat melakukan pekerjaan sendiri secara otomatis semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu untuk merancang sistem peralatan tesebut, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem yang dapat menghitung, mengingat, dan mengambil keputusan. Komputer memiliki kemampuan tersebut, namun masih kurang efisien jika hanya menggunakan computer untuk keperluan tersebut. Oleh karena itu computer dapat dikombinasikan dengan mikrokontroler.Menggunakan metode Float Magnetic Level Gauge pada mikrokontroler, ketinggian fluida dapat dideteksi dengan sistem magnet yang dapat mengapung sebagai pengaktif saklar reed switch berdasarkan perubahan level permukaan fluida.Hasil pengukuran berupa level dalam satuan persen ditampilkan dalam sebuah sistem interface dengan tampilan animasi yang disebut Human Machine Interface (HMI) secara realtime. Hasil pengukuran driver sensor level saat kondisi fluida pada kondisi minimum adalah 4 mA, dan pada kondisi fluida berada pada kondisi level maksimum adalah 20 mA. Nilai tersebut sesuai dengan standar sinyal output sensor yang digunakan pada sistem instrumentasi industri. Setelah melakukan konversi hasil pengukuran arus menjadi tegangan, diperoleh tingkat ketelitian sensor sebesar 98%.Kata kunci: Pengukuran, Level, Fluida, Human Machine Interface, 4–20mA
Old Perineal Rupture - From Diagnosis to Reparation
Authors: Santoso Budi Iman , Chan Nadir , Tanamas Leonardo
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective: To describe and discuss the technique to diagnose, preparing the reparation and postoperative management in old perineal rupture case.Methods: A 28-year-old primipara woman was referred to YPK Mandiri Hospital after having incontinence to flatus, to urinate and passive soiling. Three months before admission, she had her first child through vaginal delivery.Discussion: She was diagnosed with a third-degree obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS). Rectal examination with digital palpation (pill-rolling motion) and ultrasound examination, revealed a distinct gap anteriorly (10 – 2 o'clock). End to end technique was preferred to repair the defect.Conclusion: A good understanding of perineal and anal sphincter anatomy is essential to diagnose OASIS. The aim of reconstructive surgery is to restore the continuity of both the external and internal anal sphincters. Ideally, the repair should be performed as soon as possible after the injury.Keywords:obstetric anal sphincter injuries, OASIS, third-degree tear, perineum, perineal trauma.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan:Untuk mendeskripsikan dan diskusi tentang tehnik dalam mendiagnosa, mempersiapkan operasi reparasi dan manajemen pasca operasi pada kasus rupture perineum lama.Metode:Sebuah laporan kasus yang diambil dari pasien perrempuan 28 tahun primipara yang dirujuk ke RS YPK Mandiri setelah mengeluhkan inkontinensia flatus, urin, dan keluarnya feses tanpa disadari. Tiga bulan sebelumnya, pasien melahirkan anak pertama melalui persalinan pervaginam.Diskusi: Diagnosa pasien adalah cedera sfingter ani obstetrik derajat tiga. Pemeriksaan rektal dengan palpasi digital (gerakan pill-rolling) dan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, memperlihatkan adanya penipisan di daerah anterior (arah jam 10 – 2). Teknik end to end dipilih untuk memperbaiki defek.Kesimpulan:Pengetahuan yang baik mengenai anatomi perineum dan sfingter ani penting untuk mendiagnosis OASIS. Tujuan utama dari operasi rekonstruksi adalah untuk memperbaiki kontinuitas dari sfingter ani eksternal dan internal. Idealnya, reparasi dilakukan secepat mungkin setelah terjadinya cedera.

Kata kunci: cedera sfingter ani obstetrik, OASIS,  perineum, trauma perineum, robekan derajat tiga
The accuracy of modified risk malignancy index (RMI) in predicting malignancy of epithelial type ovarian cancer
Authors: Triana Esfi , Dr. Defrin , Serudji Joserizal , Dr. Adriswan
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of modified Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) in predicting malignancy of epithelial type ovarian tumour.

Method: This research was comparative research using cross-sectional study design, which compared RMI modification and RMI method in predicting malignancy of epithelial type ovarian tumour. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. This research was conducted on October 2017 until samples were fulfilled in Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil and Laboratory of RSUP Dr. M Djamil in Padang. Chi-square test was used to compare specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR, and accuracy of RMI modification and RMI with 95% CI (p≤0,05).

Results: A total of 61 subjects were recruited in this study. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, NLR, and accuracy RMI modification scoring was 90.5%, 82.5%, 73.1%, 94.3%, 5.1, 0.1, dan 85.2%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, NLR, and accuracy RMI scoring was 66.7%, 70%, 53.8%, 80%, 2.2, 0.4, and 70%

Conclusions:Modified RMI scoring method was more accurate in predicting the malignancy of ovarian type epithelial tumours than RMI.

Keywords: CA125, malignancy, ovarian tumor,pelvic mass, RMI,

 

Abstrak

Tujuan: Mengetahui akurasi Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) dalam prediksi keganasan tumor ovarium tipe epitel. 

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparatif dengan desain penelitian potong lintang yang membandingkan metode RMI modifikasi dan RMI dalam prediksi keganasan tumor ovarium tipe epitel. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 61 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel berurutan. Penelitian di mulai pada bulan Oktober 2017 hingga jumlah sampel terpenuhi di Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Dr. M Djamil dan Laboratorium RSUP Dr. M Djamil Padang. Untuk membandingkan spesifisitas, sensitivitas, nilai duga positif (NDP), nilai duga negatif (NDN), rasio kemungkinan positif (RKP), rasio kemungkinan negatif (RKN), dan akurasi RMI modifikasi dan RMI digunakan uji chi-square dengan 99% CI (p≤0,01).

Hasil: Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, NDP, NDN, RKP, RKN, dan akurasi skoring RMI modifikasi adalah 90,5%, 82,5%, 73,1%, 94,3%, 5,1, 0,1, dan 85,2%. Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, NDP, NDN, RKP, RKN, dan akurasi skoring RMI adalah 66,7%, 70%, 53,8%, 80%, 2,2, 0,4, dan 70%.

Kesimpulan: Metode skoring RMI modifikasi lebih akurat dalam memprediksi keganasan tumor ovarium tipe epitel dibandingkan RMI.

Kata kunci: CA125, keganasan, massapelvik, RMI, tumor ovarium
Manfaat Vitamin C Terhadap Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) Pada Ibu Bersalin
Authors: Munafiah Durrotun , Martaningtyas Ni Nyoman , Jumiyatun Jumiyatun
Published: August 2019

Abstrak Ketuban pecah dini merupakan penyebab penting morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal serta berhubungan dengan infeksi perinatal. Kadar vitamin C yang rendah pada ibu dapat meningkatkan resiko terjadinya ketuban pecah dini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu pengaruh riwayat pemberian vitamin C pada ibu bersalin terhadap kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) di wilayah Bangsri Jepara. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasy experiment. Desain penelitian post test only two group design. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu bersalin di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bangsri I pada bulan November 2018 sampai dengan Januari 2019 sebanyak 42 orang yang dibagi menjadi 21 responden pada kelompok intervensi dan 21 responden pada kelompok kontrol. Pada kelompok kontrol sebagian besar responden terjadi KPD sebanyak 55,0%. Pada kelompok intervensi sebagian besar responden tidak terjadi KPD sebanyak 90,5%. Terdapat pengaruh pemberian vitamin C terhadap kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini ditunjukkan pada uji Mann-Whitney dengan nilai p value = 0,002 < 0,05. Disarankan pada ibu bersalin diharapkan diharapkan rutin melakukan ANC dan mematuhi anjuran tenaga kesehatan untuk mengenali tanda-tanda bahaya saat kehamilan salah satunya Ketuban Pecah Dini serta memperbaiki nilai asupan gizi selama kehamilan, sehingga dapat mengurangi angka kejadian kematian ibu dan janin
PENSIJILAN HALAL: PROSEDUR DAN IMPLEMENTASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli , Mochammad Sahid Mualimin
Published: August 2019

Islam hadir untuk membimbing manusia supaya dapat memilih diantara perkara-perkara yang benar dan yang sia-sia, termasuk juga urusan halal dan haram berkaitan dengan makanan yang dimakan. Makanan adalah keperluan utama setiap manusia, namun apa-apa makanan yang perlu dimakan mestilah dalam keadaan selamat dan tidak mendatangkan mudarat kepada kesihatan. Dari aspek agama Islam, makanan yang aman adalah yang berasal dari bahan yang halal, caramemprosesnya yang baik, penyembelihan serta cara mendapatkannya juga perlu betul. Sebagai negara yang kebanyakan penduduknya beragama Islam, kerajaan Indonesia bertanggungjawab untuk mengekalkanproduk makanan halal. Ini dinyatakan dalam surat al-Maidah ayat 88,alMu'minunayat51,alBaqarahayat 172, 168 dan pelbagai hadis Nabi Muhammad SAW.Produkhalalmerupakanperkarapentingyang menjadi trend dan berkembang dalam keperluan pasaran kini. Ia memberi kesan dan mengubah simbol jaminankualitidanpilihangayahidup.MakalahinibertujuanuntukmenjelaskanbahawaIslamsangat mementingkan perkara berkaitan makanan yang halal dan baik (Halalan Thayyiban). Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa pengajaran agama Islam tidak pernah berbeda dengan teori perubatan mana pun. Allah SWT telah menerangkan kebaikan kerana mengambil makanan yang halal, dan keburukan kerana mengambil yang haram. Untuk mempastikan produk itu halal, perlu melibatkan kerajaan dalam memantau pengeluar makanan dan pengurus pasaran, supaya mereka menjalankan beberapa ujian halal serta mendapatkan sijil halal sebelum menjual sebarang produk. Di Indonesia, terdapat beberapa tahapan untuk mendapatkan sijil halal, diantaranya adalah dengan menyerahan permohonan kepada LPPOM-MUI, proses audit dokumen, kajian lokasi, kajian hasil audit dan keputusan hasil permohonan.
Design of E-Commerce Gift Shop Case Study MR. Kuta Bali
Authors: Ilmi Bakhril , Sugiartawan Putu , Maswari Ketut Laksmi
Published: August 2019

E-commerce is an alternative which promising enough applied to companies at this time, because of e-commerce provide facilities for both sides, which is between merchant and customer. Although which transactions are conducted of being in two different though the continent, any transaction not there should have been negotiation stage and one of with poor this is a company gift shop. All this in MR.KUTA BALI, the transaction was done by using konvesional namely where clients visit directly to that place to choose and purchase products gift shop. The purpose of research is of designing and constructing system gift shop e-commerce case studies MR.KUTA BALI. Data collection is done by interviews to assistant general manager of the company gift shop mr.kuta bali by mrs. Umi Nur Aini. System building design was conducted using modeling DFD and the ERD to contrive in terms of relationships between table necessary. E-commerce system gift shop this they use of PHP language and in testing stage system done by using the method blackbox testing. The result has been testing the system in accordance with needs functionality designed.
KONFLIK PERTANAHAN ANTARA PETANI DENGAN PUSKOPAD (PUSAT KOPERASI ANGKATAN DARAT) TNI-AD DI DESA HARJOKUNCARAN KECAMATAN SUMBERMANJING WETAN
Authors: M.Hum Dr. Rusdi,
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1). Mengetahui Latar Belakang terjadinya konflik pertanahan Antara Petani dengan Puskopad Pusat Koperasi Angkatan Darat) TNI-AD di Desa Harjokuncaran; (2) Mengetahui proses terjadinya konflik; (3). Menemukan bentuk penyelesaian konflik pertanahan antara Petani dengan Puskopad (Pusat Koperasi Angkatan Darat) TNI-AD di Desa Harjokuncaran; (4). Mengetahui peranan institusi-institusi negara (BPN Kab. Malang, Pemda Kab. Malang) dalam penyelesaian konflik tersebut di atas.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan didukung data primer, dan sekunder. Adapun pengambilan data menggunakan teknik Purposive Sample. Analisis Deskriptif kualitatif, dan cara penarikan kesimpulan bersifat induktif.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Latar belakang terjadinya konflik pertanahan Antara Petani dengan Puskopad Pusat Koperasi Angkatan Darat) TNI-AD di Desa Harjokuncaran karena masing-masing pihak merasa memiliki hak atas tanah tersebut; (2) Proses terjadinya konflik pertanahan Antara Petani dengan Puskopad Pusat Koperasi Angkatan Darat) TNI-AD di Desa Harjokuncaran, dimana terjadi demonstrasi dari warga desa Harjokuncaran menuntut kemepilikan tanah terhadap Puskopad (Pusat Koperasi Angkatan Darat) TNI-AD yang sampai menimbulkan korban jiwa dari pihak warga; (3) Bentuk penyelesaian konflik pertanahan antara Petani dengan Puskopad (Pusat Koperasi Angkatan Darat) TNI-AD di Desa Harjokuncaran diantaranya para warga petani desa tersebut diberikan hak atas kepemilikan tanah; (4) Institusi-institusi negara (BPN Kab. Malang, Pemda Kab. Malang) dalam penyelesaian konflik pertanahan antara Petani dengan Puskopad (Pusat Koperasi Angkatan Darat) TNI-AD di Desa Harjokuncaran perannya kurang maksimal sehingga menimbulkan konflik tersebut.
Dinamika Politik Lokal; Sebuah Kajian Gerakan Mahasiswa 98 dan Perkembangan Politik Pasca Orde Baru di kota Malang
Authors: M.Pd Ferdinan Bashofi
Published: August 2019

Dalam Negara yang manganut demokrasi partisipasi masyarakat dalam dunia pelotik tentunnya merupakan sebauah keharusan, banyak partisipasi masyarakat timbul dengan mengambil bentuk dan sifat yang bermacam-macam, di Indonesia partisipasi masyarakat dapat kita lihat pada pemilu, sedangkan pada masa orde baru bisa dikatakan partisipasi semu, barulah geliat masyarakat muncul dengan wajah gerakan mahasiswa dan setelah itu pemilu pada masa transisi demokrasi. Sejarah perkembangan Gerakan Mahasiswa (GM) di Indonesia selalu menarik karena tidak dapat dilepaskan dengan sejarah perkembangan negara Indonesia. Bahkan, keberadaan GM selalu berpengaruh pada situasi politik nasional. Meskipun sudah berkali-kali "diberangus" oleh penguasa di setiap jamannya, GM selalu muncul dengan sikap kritis dan tuntutan untuk memperbaiki keadaan politik nasional. sistem perpolitik Soeharto yang berlandaskan pada kultur jawa membawa pengaruh yang tidak baik bagi perkembangan demokrasi di Indonesia partsipasi masyarakat sangat minim. Sikap otoritarian yang susuai dengan konsep raja jawa membawa pengaruh buruk terlebih lebih saat masalah masalah dalam negeri tidak bisa di atasi dengan baik. Ketika keinginan keinginan untuk menyampaikan suara dibatasi rakyat Indonesia terutama golongan muda yakni para mahasiswa mulai menunjukkan perangai melawan pemerintah yang pada puncaknya mei 1998, yang tersebar di beberapa kota pendidikan di Indonesia salah satunya adalah Kota malang yang dikenal sebagai kota pendidikan. Di kota malang mahasiswa mulai membentuk oraganisasi organisasi seperti : Forstep FKMM, FKSMPT,dan KMM yang nantinya mulai melakukan aksi aksi menentang rezim Soeharto. Dengan runtuhnya rezim Soeharto. Terbukalah angin segar dalam melakukan demokrasi di Indonesia. Pemilu 1999 dilaksakan di Indonesia dan khususnya di Kota malang pemilu dilakukan dengan hasil yang cukup signifikan yakni partai golkar tersisihkan oleh PDI-P, dimana partai ini mengidentifikasikan diri sebagai partai wong cilik.
Sejarah Manusia Purba di Antara Kontroversi, Penolakan, dan Penerimaan
Authors: M.Hum Irvan Lestari,
Published: August 2019

Sejarah asal-usul manusia yang dijelaskan dengan teori evolusi tidak dapat diterima oleh semua kalangan. Tidak sedikit ilmuwan yang menolak penjelasan jika manusia berawal dari kera atau seketurunan dengan kera. Bahkan mereka yang tidak sependapat dengan gagasan evolusi menilai jika penjelasan tentang sejarah asal-usul manusia melalui skema evolusi, dengan menyebutkan Meganthropus adalah nenek moyang manusia telah menghilangkan Tuhan sebagai pencipta atau setidaknya telah mereduksi peranan Tuhan. Karena kitab suci Al Quran menyebutkan jika manusia pertama adalah Adam.

Namun, di sisi lain narasi sejarah tentang manusia purba dianggap merupakan fakta dan dianggap tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran agama serta kitab suci. Bagi kelompok ini, sejarah tentang bagaimana kemunculan manusia pertama kali di muka bumi tidak cukup hanya dijelaskan sebagai hasil ciptaan Tuhan semata. Usaha ilmiah untuk dapat menjawab bagaimana sejarah asal-usul manusia perlu dilakukan. Kitab suci tidak membatasi orang untuk melakukan penelaahan, jika terdapat pertentangan hal itu dianggap wajar. Sifat ilmu pengetahuan terbuka untuk dikoreksi, sanggahan dari suatu pendapat atau teori akan menyempurnakan ilmu pengetahuan. Sejarah manusia purba menjadi bagian dari sekian materi sejarah yang terus diperdebatkan, ia telah menjadi sebuah bahasan kontroversial.
A ÉTICA PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE
Authors: Macedo Sheyla Maria Fontenele , Queiros João Filho de
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a ética profissional docente como dimensão interdisciplinar necessária para a inclusão de alunos com déficit auditivo. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, baseada na abordagem bibliográfica e possui ainda a intenção de abrir reflexões sobre a problemática que se apresenta diante das relações tecidas entre a ética, a interdisciplinaridade e a esfera da denominada inclusão escolar. Consideramos que a leitura do mesmo permitirá o levantamento de reflexões necessárias quanto ao melhor atendimento docente de alunos com déficit auditivo, tomando-se que as práticas educativas pautadas na ética, a partir de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, corroboram para consolidar a inclusão escolar, sob a ótica do valor ético do respeito. A temática apresenta-se como original, no sentido de que questiona sobre qual o lugar da ética profissional diante do saber pensar-sentir- agir-fazer inclusivo, em destaque, o aluno com déficit auditivo
Research Advances in Adopting Drip Irrigation for California Organic Spinach: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Montazar Ali , Cahn Michael , Putman Alexander
Published: August 2019

The main objective of this study was to explore the viability of drip irrigation for organic spinach production and the management of spinach downy mildew disease in California. The experiment was conducted over two crop seasons at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center located in the low desert of California. Various combinations of dripline spacings and installation depths were assessed and compared with sprinkler irrigation as control treatment. Comprehensive data collection was carried out to fully understand the differences between the irrigation treatments. Statistical analysis indicated very strong evidence for an overall effect of the irrigation system on spinach fresh yields, while the number of driplines in bed had a significant impact on the shoot biomass yield. The developed canopy crop curves revealed that the leaf density of drip irrigation treatments was slightly behind (1–4 days, depending on the irrigation treatment and crop season) that of the sprinkler irrigation treatment in time. The results also demonstrated an overall effect of irrigation treatment on downy mildew, in which downy mildew incidence was lower in plots irrigated by drips following emergence when compared to the sprinkler. The study concluded that drip irrigation has the potential to be used to produce organic spinach, conserve water, enhance the efficiency of water use, and manage downy mildew, but further work is required to optimize system design, irrigation, and nitrogen management practices, as well as strategies to maintain productivity and economic viability of utilizing drip irrigation for spinach.
Automatic Classification of Cat Vocalizations Emitted in Different Contexts
Authors: Ntalampiras Stavros , Ludovico Luca Andrea , Presti Giorgio , Prato Previde Emanuela , Battini Monica , Cannas Simona , Palestrini Clara , Mattiello Silvana
Published: August 2019

Cats employ vocalizations for communicating information, thus their sounds can carry a wide range of meanings. Concerning vocalization, an aspect of increasing relevance directly connected with the welfare of such animals is its emotional interpretation and the recognition of the production context. To this end, this work presents a proof of concept facilitating the automatic analysis of cat vocalizations based on signal processing and pattern recognition techniques, aimed at demonstrating if the emission context can be identified by meowing vocalizations, even if recorded in sub-optimal conditions. We rely on a dataset including vocalizations of Maine Coon and European Shorthair breeds emitted in three different contexts: waiting for food, isolation in unfamiliar environment, and brushing. Towards capturing the emission context, we extract two sets of acoustic parameters, i.e., mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and temporal modulation features. Subsequently, these are modeled using a classification scheme based on a directed acyclic graph dividing the problem space. The experiments we conducted demonstrate the superiority of such a scheme over a series of generative and discriminative classification solutions. These results open up new perspectives for deepening our knowledge of acoustic communication between humans and cats and, in general, between humans and animals.
Autonomous Load Regulation Based Energy Balanced Routing in Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wu Runze , Guo Haobo , Tang Liangrui , Fan Bing
Published: August 2019

Recent progress in wireless charging technologies has greatly promoted the development of rechargeable wireless sensor networks (RWSN). The network lifetime of RWSN can be commonly extended through routing strategy and wireless charging technology. However, the node accepts the relay request of its neighbor unconditionally, and it cannot remove its overload on its own in a timely manner in traditional routing strategies. The energy balancing efficiency of the network may be limited by this passive mechanism, which poses a great challenge to obtaining optimal joint efficiency of routing and charging strategies. In this paper, we propose an autonomous load regulation mechanism-based energy balanced routing algorithm (ALRMR) for RWSN. In addition to an efficient framework of joint wireless energy transfer and multi-hop routing where the routing strategy is adapted to the charging scheme, an innovative load regulation mechanism is proposed. Under this mechanism, each node can actively adjust its own load by controlling its relay radius. The simulation demonstrates the advantages of our algorithm for energy balance efficiency and improving the network lifetime through the charging scheme and the innovative mechanism.
The Accuracy of Determining Cluster Size by Analyzing Ripley’s K Function in Single Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Ruan Yi , Yin Ping , Li Fei , Li Dongmei , Lin Qiang , Li Kan
Published: August 2019

Ripley’s K function was developed to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics in point pattern analysis, including geography, economics and biomedical research. In biomedical applications, it is popularly used to analyze the clusters of proteins on the cell plasma membrane in single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), such as photo activated localization microscopy (PALM), stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), universal point accumulation imaging in nanoscale topography (uPAINT), etc. Here, by varying the parameters of the simulated clusters on a modeled SMLM image, the effects of cluster size, cluster separation and protein ratio inside/outside the cluster on the accuracy of cluster analysis by analyzing Ripley’s K function were studied. Although the predicted radius of clusters by analyzing Ripley’s K function did not exactly correspond to the actual radius, we suggest the cluster radius could be estimated within a factor of 1.3. Employing peak analysis methods to analyze the experimental epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clusters at fibroblast-like cell lines derived from monkey kidney tissue - COS7 cell surface observed by uPAINT method, the cluster properties were characterized with errors. Our results present quantification of clusters and can be used to enhance the understanding of clusters in SMLM.
3-D Point Cloud Registration Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Chang Wen-Chung , Pham Van-Toan
Published: August 2019

This paper develops a registration architecture for the purpose of estimating relative pose including the rotation and the translation of an object in terms of a model in 3-D space based on 3-D point clouds captured by a 3-D camera. Particularly, this paper addresses the time-consuming problem of 3-D point cloud registration which is essential for the closed-loop industrial automated assembly systems that demand fixed time for accurate pose estimation. Firstly, two different descriptors are developed in order to extract coarse and detailed features of these point cloud data sets for the purpose of creating training data sets according to diversified orientations. Secondly, in order to guarantee fast pose estimation in fixed time, a seemingly novel registration architecture by employing two consecutive convolutional neural network (CNN) models is proposed. After training, the proposed CNN architecture can estimate the rotation between the model point cloud and a data point cloud, followed by the translation estimation based on computing average values. By covering a smaller range of uncertainty of the orientation compared with a full range of uncertainty covered by the first CNN model, the second CNN model can precisely estimate the orientation of the 3-D point cloud. Finally, the performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper has been validated by experiments in comparison with baseline methods. Based on these results, the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the estimation time while maintaining high precision.
Portable Smart Spectrometer Integrated with Blockchain and Big Data Technology
Authors: Yin Jianwei , Yang Yinglin , Hong Weibin , Cai Yefan , Yu Xiangyang
Published: August 2019

A portable smart spectrometer (PSS-1.0) and related systems have been designed and implemented to provide rapid on-site spectral analysis and lower the operator knowledge threshold for the application of spectrometry. The PSS-1.0 employs spectral analysis models downloaded from the spectral analysis system for offline spectral analysis and displays the results in the field. Users are incentivized to upload spectral analysis data to the Internet for storage by big data technologies, so that the spectral data can be reused easily. By employing blockchain technology it can be ensured that the data has not been tampered with, which can be used in monitoring and data transaction scenarios. The design of this spectrometer and related systems can be used for regulatory uses that require spectroscopy. Experimental results are presented in this paper, which prove that the design of the PSS-1.0 is feasible. The purpose of this paper is to design a civilian and non-operator knowledge threshold spectrometer and provide some ideas for better processing and utilization of spectral data.
Improved Central Nervous System Symptoms in People with HIV without Objective Neuropsychiatric Complaints Switching from Efavirenz to Rilpivirine Containing cART
Authors: Vera Jaime H. , Bracchi Margherita , Alagaratnam Jasmini , Lwanga Julianne , Fox Julie , Winston Alan , Boffito Marta , Nelson Mark
Published: August 2019

Objective: Occult central nervous system (CNS) symptoms not recognized by people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving efavirenz or their clinicians could occur and impact people’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine whether CNS parameters improve in PLWH when switching from efavirenz to rilpivirine. Methods: PLWH receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, efavirenz (Atripla™) with undetectable HIV RNA, and no CNS symptoms were switched cART to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, rilpivirine (Eviplera™). CNS parameters including sleep, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were evaluated using patient-reported outcome measures at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after switching therapy. A median CNS score was derived from the sum of CNS toxicities of all the grades collected in the study questionnaires. Cognitive function was assessed using a computerized test battery. Results: Of 41 participants, median age was 47 years, Interquartile range (IQR) 31, 92% were male and 80% were of white ethnicity. A significant reduction in total CNS score (10 to 7) was observed at 4 weeks (p = 0.028), but not thereafter. Significant improvements in sleep and anxiety were observed 4, 12 and 24 weeks after switching therapy (p < 0.05). No significant change in global cognitive scores was observed. Conclusions: Switching from efavirenz to rilpivirine based regimens in virologically suppressed PLWH without perceived CNS symptoms was well tolerated and slightly improved overall CNS symptoms.
Mining Prognosis Index of Brain Metastases Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Huang Shigao , Yang Jie , Fong Simon , Zhao Qi
Published: August 2019

This study is to identify the optimum prognosis index for brain metastases by machine learning. Seven hundred cancer patients with brain metastases were enrolled and divided into 446 training and 254 testing cohorts. Seven features and seven prediction methods were selected to evaluate the performance of cancer prognosis for each patient. We used mutual information and rough set with particle swarm optimization (MIRSPSO) methods to predict patient’s prognosis with the highest accuracy at area under the curve (AUC) = 0.978 ± 0.06. The improvement by MIRSPSO in terms of AUC was at 1.72%, 1.29%, and 1.83% higher than that of the traditional statistical method, sequential feature selection (SFS), mutual information with particle swarm optimization(MIPSO), and mutual information with sequential feature selection (MISFS), respectively. Furthermore, the clinical performance of the best prognosis was superior to conventional statistic method in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In conclusion, identifying optimal machine-learning methods for the prediction of overall survival in brain metastases is essential for clinical applications. The accuracy rate by machine-learning is far higher than that of conventional statistic methods.
Cancer Metabolism and the Evasion of Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Boise Lawrence , Shanmugam Mala
Published: August 2019

Cellular growth and proliferation depend upon the acquisition and synthesis of specific metabolites. These metabolites fuel the bioenergy, biosynthesis, and redox potential required for duplication of cellular biomass. Multicellular organisms maintain tissue homeostasis by balancing signals promoting proliferation and removal of cells via apoptosis. While apoptosis is in itself an energy dependent process activated by intrinsic and extrinsic signals, whether specific nutrient acquisition (elevated or suppressed) and their metabolism regulates apoptosis is less well investigated. Normal cellular metabolism is regulated by lineage specific intrinsic features and microenvironment driven extrinsic features. In the context of cancer, genetic abnormalities, unconventional microenvironments and/or therapy engage constitutive pro-survival signaling to re-program and rewire metabolism to maintain survival, growth, and proliferation. It thus becomes particularly relevant to understand whether altered nutrient acquisition and metabolism in cancer can also contribute to the evasion of apoptosis and consequently therapy resistance. Our review attempts to dissect a causal relationship between two cancer hallmarks, i.e., deregulated cellular energetics and the evasion of programmed cell death with primary focus on the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
Laboratory and On-Road Evaluation of a GPF-Equipped Gasoline Vehicle
Authors: Suarez-Bertoa Ricardo , Lähde Tero , Pavlovic Jelica , Valverde Victor , Clairotte Michael , Giechaskiel Barouch
Published: August 2019

The introduction of a solid particle number limit for vehicles with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines resulted in a lot of research and improvements in this field in the last decade. The requirement to also fulfil the limit in the recently introduced real-driving emissions (RDE) regulation led to the introduction of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) in European vehicle models. As the pre-standardisation research was based on engines, retrofitted vehicles and prototype vehicles, there is a need to better characterise the actual emissions of GPF-equipped GDI vehicles. In the present study we investigate one of the first mass production vehicles with GPF available in the European market. Regulated and non-regulated pollutants were measured over different test cycles and ambient temperatures (23 °C and −7 °C) in the laboratory and different on-road routes driven normally or dynamically and up to 1100 m altitude. The results showed that the vehicle respected all applicable limits. However, under certain conditions high emissions of some pollutants were measured (total hydrocarbons emissions at −7 °C, high CO during dynamic RDE tests and high NOx emissions in one dynamic RDE test). The particle number emissions, even including those below 23 nm, were lower than 6 × 1010 particles/km under all laboratory test cycles and on-road routes, which are <10% of the current laboratory limit (6 × 1011 particles/km).
The Transcription Factor Elf3 Is Essential for a Successful Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition
Authors: Sengez Burcu , Aygün Ilkin , Shehwana Huma , Toyran Neslihan , Tercan Avci Sanem , Konu Ozlen , Stemmler Marc P. , Alotaibi Hani
Published: August 2019

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) are two critical biological processes that are involved in both physiological events such as embryogenesis and development and also pathological events such as tumorigenesis. They present with dramatic changes in cellular morphology and gene expression exhibiting acute changes in E-cadherin expression. Despite the comprehensive understanding of EMT, the regulation of MET is far from being understood. To find novel regulators of MET, we hypothesized that such factors would correlate with Cdh1 expression. Bioinformatics examination of several expression profiles suggested Elf3 as a strong candidate. Depletion of Elf3 at the onset of MET severely impaired the progression to the epithelial state. This MET defect was explained, in part, by the absence of E-cadherin at the plasma membrane. Moreover, during MET, ELF3 interacts with the Grhl3 promoter and activates its expression. Our findings present novel insights into the regulation of MET and reveal ELF3 as an indispensable guardian of the epithelial state. A better understanding of MET will, eventually, lead to better management of metastatic cancers.
Clinical Development of PARP Inhibitors in Treating Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Adashek Jacob J. , Jain Rohit K. , Zhang Jingsong
Published: August 2019

The approval of upfront abiraterone for castration-sensitive prostate cancer and the approval of enzalutamide and apalutamide for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have led to early utilization of potent androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors in treating advanced prostate cancer. There is an unmet need to develop novel therapies beyond targeting AR signaling for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) belong to a class of targeted agents being developed for the treatment of homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficient tumors. Olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, veliparib, and talazoparib were evaluated in early phase trials as a monotherapy for HRR-deficient mCRPC. Among them, olaparib and rucaparib have breakthrough designations for BRCA1/2-mutated mCRPC. Phase II studies also reported clinical activity of the PARPi and abiraterone combination and the PARPi checkpoint inhibitor combination in HRR-intact mCRPC. Ongoing phase III trials are testing these combinations as frontline or later line treatments for mCRPC. This review summarizes the critical clinical data as well as ongoing clinical trials for developing PARPi in treating mCRPC.
Importance of the Androgen Receptor Signaling in Gene Transactivation and Transrepression for Pubertal Maturation of the Testis
Authors: Edelsztein Nadia Y. , Rey Rodolfo A.
Published: August 2019

Androgens are key for pubertal development of the mammalian testis, a phenomenon that is tightly linked to Sertoli cell maturation. In this review, we discuss how androgen signaling affects Sertoli cell function and morphology by concomitantly inhibiting some processes and promoting others that contribute jointly to the completion of spermatogenesis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibition by androgens at puberty, as well as on the role androgens have on Sertoli cell tight junction formation and maintenance and, consequently, on its effect on proper germ cell differentiation and meiotic onset during spermatogenesis.
The Prospect and Challenges to the Flow of Liquid Biopsy in Africa
Authors: Temilola Dada Oluwaseyi , Wium Martha , Coulidiati Tangbadioa Herve , Adeola Henry Ademola , Carbone Giuseppina Maria , Catapano Carlo Vittorio , Zerbini Luiz Fernando
Published: August 2019

Liquid biopsy technologies have the potential to transform cancer patient management as it offers non-invasive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment responses. The use of liquid biopsy for non-invasive cancer diagnosis can have pivotal importance for the African continent where access to medical infrastructures is limited, as it eliminates the need for surgical biopsies. To apply liquid biopsy technologies in the African setting, the influence of environmental and population genetic factors must be known. In this review, we discuss the use of circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, protein, and other biomolecules in liquid biopsy technology for cancer management with special focus on African studies. We discussed the prospect, barriers, and other aspects that pose challenges to the use of liquid biopsy in the African continent.
Current and Future Trends on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma: From Molecular Biology to Proteomics
Authors: Silantyev Artemiy , Falzone Luca , Libra Massimo , Gurina Olga , Kardashova Karina , Nikolouzakis Taxiarchis , Nosyrev Alexander , Sutton Christopher , Mitsias Panayiotis , Tsatsakis Aristides
Published: August 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Due to the absence of effective pharmacological and surgical treatments, the identification of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is of key importance to improve the survival rate of patients and to develop new personalized treatments. On these bases, the aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the application of molecular biology and proteomics techniques for the identification of novel biomarkers through the analysis of different biological samples obtained from glioblastoma patients, including DNA, microRNAs, proteins, small molecules, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, etc. Both benefits and pitfalls of molecular biology and proteomics analyses are discussed, including the different mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques, highlighting how these investigation strategies are powerful tools to study the biology of glioblastoma, as well as to develop advanced methods for the management of this pathology.