bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction Multipath in Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging Based on Compressive Sensing
Authors: Ma Yigeng , Hong Hong , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: February 2018

Clutters caused by multipath have been widely researched in through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). The existing research work of multipath only consider reflections from the wall, while in the condition of a small scene, with the increasing number of targets, multipath from targets to targets, named interaction multipath, usually generates ghosts, which degrades the performance of TWRI. In order to mitigate the effect of interaction multipath, considering fast data acquisition and measurement reduction, we made use of the propagation characteristic of interaction multipath to build the sparse model of the target scene and developed a compressive sensing (CS)-based method, which is referred to as ‘interaction CS’. For the number of point targets increasing from 5–8, intensive evaluation and direct comparison of the imaging results with existing methods are conducted to show that the proposed interaction CS performs better at ghost suppression in the same condition of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
UAV-Assisted Dynamic Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks for Crop Health Monitoring
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Ammad , Mansour Ali , Jeune Denis Le , Ayaz Mohammad , Aggoune el-Hadi M.
Published: February 2018

In this study, a crop health monitoring system is developed by using state of the art technologies including wireless sensors and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Conventionally data is collected from sensor nodes either by fixed base stations or mobile sinks. Mobile sinks are considered a better choice nowadays due to their improved network coverage and energy utilization. Usually, the mobile sink is used in two ways: either it goes for random walk to find the scattered nodes and collect data, or follows a pre-defined path established by the ground network/clusters. Neither of these options is suitable in our scenario due to the factors like dynamic data collection, the strict targeted area required to be scanned, unavailability of a large number of nodes, dynamic path of the UAV, and most importantly, none of these are known in advance. The contribution of this paper is the formation of dynamic runtime clusters of field sensors by considering the above mentioned factors. Furthermore a mechanism (Bayesian classifier) is defined to select best node as cluster head. The proposed system is validated through simulation results, lab and infield experiments using concept devices. The obtained results are encouraging, especially in terms of deployment time, energy, efficiency, throughput and ease of use.
An Unsupervised Change Detection Method Using Time-Series of PolSAR Images from Radarsat-2 and GaoFen-3
Authors: Liu Wensong , Yang Jie , Zhao Jinqi , Shi Hongtao , Yang Le
Published: February 2018

The traditional unsupervised change detection methods based on the pixel level can only detect the changes between two different times with same sensor, and the results are easily affected by speckle noise. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to detect change based on time-series data from different sensors. Firstly, the overall difference image of the time-series PolSAR is calculated by omnibus test statistics, and difference images between any two images in different times are acquired by Rj test statistics. Secondly, the difference images are segmented with a Generalized Statistical Region Merging (GSRM) algorithm which can suppress the effect of speckle noise. Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model (GGMM) is then used to obtain the time-series change detection maps in the final step of the proposed method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we carried out the experiment of change detection using time-series PolSAR images acquired by Radarsat-2 and Gaofen-3 over the city of Wuhan, in China. Results show that the proposed method can not only detect the time-series change from different sensors, but it can also better suppress the influence of speckle noise and improve the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Analysis of the High-Frequency Content in Human QRS Complexes by the Continuous Wavelet Transform: An Automatized Analysis for the Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: García Iglesias Daniel , Roqueñi Gutiérrez Nieves , De Cos Francisco , Calvo David
Published: February 2018

Background: Fragmentation and delayed potentials in the QRS signal of patients have been postulated as risk markers for Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). The analysis of the high-frequency spectral content may be useful for quantification. Methods: Forty-two consecutive patients with prior history of SCD or malignant arrhythmias (patients) where compared with 120 healthy individuals (controls). The QRS complexes were extracted with a modified Pan-Tompkins algorithm and processed with the Continuous Wavelet Transform to analyze the high-frequency content (85–130 Hz). Results: Overall, the power of the high-frequency content was higher in patients compared with controls (170.9 vs. 47.3 103nV2Hz−1; p = 0.007), with a prolonged time to reach the maximal power (68.9 vs. 64.8 ms; p = 0.002). An analysis of the signal intensity (instantaneous average of cumulative power), revealed a distinct function between patients and controls. The total intensity was higher in patients compared with controls (137.1 vs. 39 103nV2Hz−1s−1; p = 0.001) and the time to reach the maximal intensity was also prolonged (88.7 vs. 82.1 ms; p < 0.001). Discussion: The high-frequency content of the QRS complexes was distinct between patients at risk of SCD and healthy controls. The wavelet transform is an efficient tool for spectral analysis of the QRS complexes that may contribute to stratification of risk.
A Novel Ship Detection Method Based on Gradient and Integral Feature for Single-Polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery
Authors: Shi Hao , Zhang Qingjun , Bian Mingming , Wang Hangyu , Wang Zhiru , Chen Liang , Yang Jian
Published: February 2018

With the rapid development of remote sensing technologies, SAR satellites like China’s Gaofen-3 satellite have more imaging modes and higher resolution. With the availability of high-resolution SAR images, automatic ship target detection has become an important topic in maritime research. In this paper, a novel ship detection method based on gradient and integral features is proposed. This method is mainly composed of three steps. First, in the preprocessing step, a filter is employed to smooth the clutters and the smoothing effect can be adaptive adjusted according to the statistics information of the sub-window. Thus, it can retain details while achieving noise suppression. Second, in the candidate area extraction, a sea-land segmentation method based on gradient enhancement is presented. The integral image method is employed to accelerate computation. Finally, in the ship target identification step, a feature extraction strategy based on Haar-like gradient information and a Radon transform is proposed. This strategy decreases the number of templates found in traditional Haar-like methods. Experiments were performed using Gaofen-3 single-polarization SAR images, and the results showed that the proposed method has high detection accuracy and rapid computational efficiency. In addition, this method has the potential for on-board processing.
A Systematic Review on High Reliability Organisational Theory as a Safety Management Strategy in Construction
Authors: Enya Andrew , Pillay Manikam , Dempsey Shane
Published: February 2018

This study examines the available evidence of high reliability organisational (HRO) theory as a strategy to manage construction safety: (1) Background: High reliability organisations (HROs) have been under investigation by organisational scholars to understand how they function at an exceptionally high level with few or no accidents under challenging circumstances. The construction industry is a high risk industry and is also known for a high fatality rate around the world. This systematic review examines the available evidence of HROs as a strategy to manage construction safety; (2) Methods: A systematic review to summarise and critically appraise the literature on high reliability organisational theory, aimed at improving construction safety; (3) Results: Of 2724 articles found, fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and review. Six of the studies were from construction, four were from general HROs research, two were from health care, and three were from the aerospace, oil and gas, and nuclear industries; (4) Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, transferring the practices and principles of HROs to construction, the validation of proposed assessing tools and a consensus HRO definitions are the major issues identified.
Food Access and Coping Strategies Adopted by Households to Fight Hunger among Indigenous Communities of Sierra Tarahumara in Mexico
Authors: Cordero-Ahiman Otilia , Santellano-Estrada Eduardo , Garrido Alberto
Published: February 2018

Households’ food access remains a concern primarily in rural households in lower- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study is to measure food access and to identify the coping strategies in indigenous households of the communities of Sierra Tarahumara in Mexico. The representative sample was made up of 123 households from 38 communities. The survey was conducted face to face during the winter season between February and March 2015. Since all respondents only speak the Tarahumara language, authors were assisted by translators. The level of access to food was low in 54.47% of households. The main coping strategies used by households were rationing and augmenting short-term household food availability. Bivariate analyses were used, with Chi-square ( χ 2 ) test suggesting that coping strategies associated with food access included: reliance on less expensive foods, purchasing food on credit, limiting portion size at meal times, skipping meals, and restricting consumption of adults to secure children’s intake. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test indicated that the income derived from various households are identical across all food access levels. We conclude that the indigenous households did experience difficulties in obtaining food.
Spatiotemporal Change Patterns of Coastlines in Zhejiang Province, China, Over the Last Twenty-Five Years
Authors: Li Jialin , Ye Mengyao , Pu Ruiliang , Liu Yongchao , Guo Qiandong , Feng Baixiang , Huang Ripeng , He Gaili
Published: February 2018

Spatiotemporal analysis of coastline land utilization is important for strengthening coastline resource management and promoting sustainable development in coastal zones. In this study, basic spatiotemporal characteristics of coastline land utilization in Zhejiang Province, China, were analyzed using remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques. For this case, Landsat Thematic Mapper and Operational Land Imager remote-sensing image data acquired from 1990 to 2015 were collected and processed. Several indices and metrics used for quantifying and analyzing the coastline utilization in Zhejiang Province were defined and calculated through processing remote sensing data and using GIS tools. They included the intensity index of coastline change, fractal dimension of the coastline, subjectivity of coastline utilization, and the integrated coastline utilization index. The analysis results demonstrated that (1) significant coastline changes took place in Zhejiang Province, and the coastline moved seaward, while the total coastline length decreased continuously; (2) the average fractal dimension of the coastlines was 1.0922, and it was relatively stable before 2000, but declined continuously after 2000, reduced to 1.086 in 2015; (3) the artificialization index of the coastlines kept rising; (4) there were single, binary, and other multi-land use types in different coastline sections in the study area; and (5) the coastline land use intensity increased continuously from 0.25 to 0.38, and the coastline in the Xiangshan Harbour had the highest land use intensity index, reaching 0.53 in 2015, throughout the study period, and in the study area.
Comparison of Carbon-Use Efficiency Among Different Land-Use Patterns of the Temperate Steppe in the Northern China Pastoral Farming Ecotone
Authors: Li Yuzhe , Fan Jiangwen , Hu Zhongmin
Published: February 2018

Carbon-use efficiency (CUE) is the proportion of gross primary production converted to net primary production. Changes to CUE strongly influence ecosystem carbon budgets and turnover. Little is known about the response of ecosystem CUE to human-induced land-use change, which limits the accurate evaluation of the environmental influence of large-scale steppe-use changes in northern China. We investigated the components of ecosystem carbon exchange and CUE under three typical steppe-use patterns in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that CUE in grazing and grazing-excluded steppe were not significantly different (both over 0.7) but were significantly higher than in cultivated steppe (0.57). Ecosystem respiration and its components, including autotrophic respiration (Ra), aboveground respiration, heterotrophic respiration and belowground respiration showed significant negative correlation with CUE. Ra is the most important factor explaining the variation of CUE between different steppe-use patterns (p < 0.001, 97%); Ra change may be the primary factor driving CUE variation between steppe-use patterns. Leaf area index of different grassland-use patterns also showed a significant negative correlation with CUE (p < 0.001, 91%). These findings may help to improve accurate prediction of the environmental and climatic consequences of large-scale land-use change.
Antibody Responses to Marburg Virus in Egyptian Rousette Bats and Their Role in Protection against Infection
Authors: Storm Nadia , Jansen Van Vuren Petrus , Markotter Wanda , Paweska Janusz
Published: February 2018

Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) are reservoir hosts for the Marburg virus (MARV). The immune dynamics and responses to MARV infection in ERBs are poorly understood, and limited information exists on the role of antibodies in protection of ERBs against MARV infection. Here, we determine the duration of maternal immunity to MARV in juvenile ERBs, and evaluate the duration of the antibody response to MARV in bats naturally or experimentally infected with the virus. We further explore whether antibodies in previously naturally exposed bats is fully protective against experimental reinfection with MARV. Maternal immunity was lost in juvenile ERBs by 5 months of age. Antibodies to MARV remained detectable in 67% of experimentally infected bats approximately 4 months post inoculation (p.i.), while antibodies to MARV remained present in 84% of naturally exposed bats at least 11 months after capture. Reinfection of seropositive ERBs with MARV produced an anamnestic response from day 5 p.i. Although PCR-defined viremia was present in 73.3% of reinfected ERBs, replicating virus was recovered from the serum of only one bat on day 3 p.i. The negative PCR results in the salivary glands, intestines, bladders and reproductive tracts of reinfected bats, and the apparent absence of MARV in the majority of swabs collected from these bats suggest that reinfection may only play a minor role in the transmission and maintenance of MARV amongst ERBs in nature.
Blood Mitochondrial DNA Content in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Budd Matthew , Calli Kristina , Samson Lindy , Bowes Jennifer , Hsieh Anthony , Forbes John , Bitnun Ari , Singer Joel , Kakkar Fatima , Alimenti Ariane , Maan Evelyn , Lewis M. , Gentile Carole , Côté Hélène , Brophy Jason
Published: February 2018

Long-term outcomes of perinatal exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children are unknown. However, both HIV antiretroviral therapy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been associated with mitochondrial alterations. Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content can serve as a marker for mitochondrial dysfunction. In this cross-sectional, nested case-control study, HEU children with ASD were matched approximately 1:3 on age, sex, and ethnicity to HEU children without ASD, HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) controls, and HUU children with ASD. Leukocyte mtDNA content was measured using quantitative PCR. Among 299 HEU in this study, 14 (4.7%) were diagnosed with ASD, which is higher than the general population prevalence estimates. HEU children without ASD and HUU children with ASD had higher mtDNA content than HUU controls. HEU children with ASD had significantly higher mtDNA content than all other study groups. Our results suggest a clear association between elevated leukocyte mtDNA content and both HEU and ASD status. This may implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a contributor to the high ASD prevalence observed in our cohort.
Representación composicional de la intermedia agenda-setting de los principales grupos de medios y partidos políticos en las elecciones generales españolas de 2015
Authors: Blasco-Duatis Marc , Coenders Gallart Germà , Sáez Marc
Published: February 2018

Este artículo presenta el biplot composicional como un enfoque metodológico innovador para representar de manera intuitiva la intermedia agenda-setting en el estudio de las agendas mediática y política. Como ilustración, empleamos un análisis de contenido de los principales grupos de medios españoles (RTVE, Prisa, Vocento, Unidad Editorial, COPE, Atresmedia, Planeta, Godó, Mediaset España y Libertad Digital) y principales partidos políticos con circunscripción única (Partido Popular, Partido Socialista Obrero Español, Podemos, Ciudadanos e Izquierda Unida), en el marco del período de las Elecciones Generales españolas de 2015. En oposición a los enfoques tradicionales, el análisis composicional en general y el biplot en particular, enfatizan la relevancia relativa de los contenidos dentro de la agenda. La representación confirma la solidez metodológica del enfoque, al tiempo que proporciona una visión novedosa del caso en estudio y visualiza la representación de la intermedia agenda-setting.
Etude sur les sérologies bovines observées après inoculations de faibles quantités de B19. Note à propos d’une contamination accidentelle après une vaccination anti-aphteuse
Authors: Durand Maurice P. , Leplatre Jean
Published: February 2018

Un incident récent de séropositivation brucellique, à l'occasion d’une vaccination anti-aphteuse, a permis aux auteurs de retrouver une séropositivation progressive par le test Elisa, qui ne détecte que les seules IgG démontrant par là une contamination récente. En outre, des inoculations répétées et successives de vaccin anti-aphteux à partir d'une seringue ayant contenu du vaccin B. 19 ont montré que l'on obtenait une séropositivation, irrégulière, détectable plus ou moins tardivement surtout en fixation du complément, et par la méthode Elisa, jusqu'au septième rinçage. Le nombre de Brucellas vivantes subsistant dans la seringue se situe aux environs de 200.103 au septième rinçage. Ces observations plaident en faveur d'une stricte observation des principes généraux de sécurité des vaccinations.
Syndrome granulomateux et perturbation du métabolisme de la Tyrosine chez le Turbot (scophtalmus maximus)
Authors: Tixerant Gérard , Aldrin Jean-François , Baudin-Laurencin Félix , Messager J.-L.
Published: February 2018

La granulomatose viscérale du turbot a connu une très forte intensité dans les élevages français en 1983.

Cette maladie se traduit par un déficit de croissance, associé à des lésions oculaires plus ou moins marquées, pouvant entraîner la cécité des poissons les plus atteints. Des dépôts sous-cutanés ou articulaires sont fréquents ; le rein est très hypertrophié et présente des nodules granulomateux de taille variable ; des calculs urinaires sont parfois observés. De nombreux cristaux en aiguilles sont visibles notamment dans les reins et les yeux.

La spectrométrie infra-rouge des calculs urinaires permet de caractériser la présence d'une forte proportion de tyrosine.

L'analyse des acides aminés circulants révèle une tyrosinémie très élevée.

La maladie semble donc due à un blocage du catabolisme de la tyrosine. Des études ultérieures chercheront à déterminer à quel niveau enzymatique ce blocage se produit et s'il existe des possibilités thérapeutiques.
Rencontres avec le Gorille des Montagnes (Gorilla Gorilla Beringei)
Authors: Dhennin Léone
Published: February 2018

The mountain Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringer) lives on the low slopes of the Virunga mountain, Rwanda.

Discored in 1901, it is in process of extinction. An international committee has been set up to try, trough several measures, to stabilize the number of these animals, which are threatened with deforesting, trapping and poaching.
Peste porcine classique. Evolution dans les pays de la C.E.E. Etude épidémiologique
Authors: Carnero R. , Costes Colette
Published: February 2018

The authors have studied the progression of the disease in the E.E.C. countries (excepting Greece) during the year 1979 to december 1983.

The E.E.C. eradication programme and the incidence of the disease, obtained by informations transmitted by the “O.I.E.”, are reported.

The epidemiological situation in France is also studied and hown to be suitable for eradication of the disease.
Victor Théodule Daubigny, «un notaire français, père de la médecine vétérinaire francophone au Canada»
Authors: Wailly Philippe de
Published: February 2018

Bom is France at Crillon (Oise) on March 1st 1836, Victor-Théodule Daubigny studied law and became a Notary. At the age of 36, his wife died and he came to Canada with his son François-Théodule, 7 years old who had been bom in Saint Denis, suburb of Paris. They landed at Montreal in 1872 and settled at Lachesnaie to take up farming. He enrolled at the English Speaking Montréal Veterinary College and graduated in 1879.

In 1886, he founded “the French Vetemary School of Montreal” and remained his Director until he died in December 11, 1908. François-Théodule, his son, was Director of this “Ecole Vétérinaire Française de Montréal” from 1908 until 1928. This school is the ancestor of actual Sainte Hyacinthe (Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire de l’Université de Montréal).
Réflexions sur l'enseignement vétérinaire
Authors: Ferrando Raymond
Published: February 2018

Some comments concerning veterinary education.

The goal of these comments and suggestions is to strengthen by an amelioration and elargment of veterinary education its adaptation to present conditions of animal production and to parts played by pets in our Society. The veterinary of futur must to devote one's attention to animal for the best service of man through animal.
Rôle immunostimulant du sulfate de zinc sur la production d’anticorps spécifiques chez les moutons vaccinés contre le piétin avec le vaccin polyvalent
Authors: Katitch R.-V. , Katrinka M. , Millitch N.
Published: February 2018

Le Piétin est la conséquence d'une infection polymicrobienne du pied qui se développe à partir d’une lésion de l'onglon grâce à des bactéries présentes dans le milieu extérieur. Les travaux ont mis en évidence dans 98,3 % des cas Spherophorus necrophorus qui semble le plus important. Son inoculation dans l’espace interdigité reproduit la maladie. A côté de la prophylaxie classique la vaccination est conseillée. Les auteurs proposent un vaccin polyvalent. Leurs travaux montrent sur plusieurs milliers de moutons que l'administration journalière de sulfate de zinc, per os, durant les 4 jours qui précèdent la vaccination, augmente la production des anticorps spécifiques chez les animaux vaccinés.
Le traitement mésothérapique des arthropathies dorso-lombaires du cheval trotteur
Authors: Faucompret Philippe de
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Fréquence des accidents dorso-lombaires

1. La pathologie dorso-lombaire du trotteur de course représente un fort pourcentage d'indisponibilité dans sa carrière.

2. La fréquence de ces accidents arthrosiques chez les jeunes chevaux est due en grande partie aux difficultés des épreuves qualificatives, nécessitant un travail anormal de la colonne vertébrale.

Chez les chevaux d'âge le «grippage articulaire» est suivi de contractures musculaires qui compliquent et entretiennent la gêne locomotrice avec incidence sciatique fréquente.

Diagnostic -Pronostic

L'examen clinique dynamique, puis statique doit être approfondi pour poser un diagnostic précis indispensable à l’établissement d'un pronostic satisfaisant, et mener un traitement mésothérapique cohérent.

Matériel et mélanges utilisés

1. Matériel.

2. Mélanges.

Techniques des punctures Résultats

La mésothérapie, mettant en œuvre un matériel fiable et efficace, avec des techniques simples, donne d'excellents résultats, rapides et durables dans la majorité des cas.

Conclusion

La mésothérapie est un des seuls traitements connus réellement efficace dans les arthropathies dorso-lombaires du trotteur. De plus, elle est simple, peu coûteuse, totalement atoxique.
La pancréatite nécrosante du mouton
Authors: Perl S. , Yakobson B. , Nobel T. A.
Published: February 2018

La pancréatite nécrotisante aiguë jusqu'à présent décrite seulement chez les carnivores, équidés, porcins et l'homme, est rapportée aussi chez le mouton. Elle est caractérisée par une inflammation nécrotisante du pancréas accompagnée par un ictère qui est dû au fait que chez le mouton le canal pancréatique débouche dans le cholédoque et non pas dans le duodénum, ainsi que le processus inflammatoire peut passer du canal pancréatique au cholédoque et causer une obstruction biliaire.
Morale et loi. Essai de discrimination sur un cas d'espèce
Authors: Linon P.
Published: February 2018

Morals and law. Trying of discrimination on a specific case

The author, diled few days after this ultimate communication, shows facts, for occurrence regarded as immoral, are not necessarily punishable by application of the law. More over, the fault, in this case, was not proved : the owner was indicted as rioter of ill-usage of animal, because he had not killed his mare, in death-throes.
Découverte du facteur de libération de l'hormone de croissance (G.R.F.) et premiers résultats biologiques
Authors: Morre M. , Deletang F.
Published: February 2018

Après la découverte du TRH, LHRH, Somatostatine et CRF, le GRF a été isolé et séquencé par R. Guillemin et coll. en 1982.

La structure exacte des GRF murin, bovin, porcin et humain est connue.

Les premiers résultats biologiques montrent la puissance et la spécificité de ce peptide vis-à-vis de la sécrétion d'hormone de croissance. Divers effets bénéfiques liés à la stimulation de l'anabolisme protidique sont attendus.
Recherche des entérotoxines de Staphylococcus aureus par dosage radioimmunologique
Authors: Janin Françoise , Buyser Marie-Laure de , Lapeyre Christiane
Published: February 2018

Detection of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins by radioimmunoassay

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are known to be responsable of the most current types of foodbome diseases for human.

Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus are able to produce at least 5 different enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE) associated with foodbome disease. The toxins are similar in their activity and composition. They induce an emetic reaction and are resistant to the action of heat and proteolytic enzyms.

In order to detect them directly in food, we used radioimmunoassay RIA for determining 4 serotypes (A, B, C and D) as previously described by Miller (1978).

Each type was labelled using Iodide 125. Standard curve was established with different amount of purified enterotoxin. The analysis can be performed in less than 24 hours with a detection limit of 1 ng/g of food.

Enterotoxin determination was performed using RIA method on 127 foodstuffs implicated in food poisoning. 35 foods were found contaminated by enterotoxins. Type A was prevalent.
Isolement et identification de Mycoplasma iowae chez la dinde. Deux exemples
Authors: Perrin-Gaillard Geneviève , Andral B. , Marter I.
Published: February 2018

Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma iowae in Turkey 2 examples.

Mycoplasma iowae was isolated for the first time in France.

In one case, M. iowae was found in one day old turkeys showing bad general state of health and joint deficiency.

In the other one, M. iowae was isolated in dead inshelled embryos. These one showed skeletal abnormalities and head and neck’s oedemas.

In both cases, parental flocks were serologicaly positive with Mycoplasma meleagridis antigen using rapid agglutination plate technique.

Incidence of this mycoplasma in pathological manifestation in turkey flocks must be elucidated.
Caractérisation d'une nouvelle souche de Coronavirus de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire
Authors: Picault J. P. , Bennejean Georges , Drouin P. , L'Hospitalier Rollande , Gillet J. P. , Guittet Michèle , Lamande J. , Le Bachelier A.
Published: February 2018

Characterization of a new coronavirus strain of poultry infections bronchitis.

A coronavirus was isolated in an infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccinated (Massachusetts strain) layers flock showing severe IB-like clinical signs. The isolate is antigenically different from the Massachusetts and the Connecticut serotypes and from the four «variant» serotypes isolated bv the Doorn Institute in Holland. The disease was reproduced in chickens and layers. Respiratory signs were severe in both groups. In layers, egg drop was intense and long-lasting. The eventual need for a suitable medical prophylaxy is discussed.
Observation d'une recontamination humaine par le virus de l'ecthyma contagieux
Authors: Gourreau Jean-Marie , Gressin R.
Published: February 2018

Recontamination by the orf virus (ecthyma)

nine months after infection : observated in man.

Contagious ecthyma of sheep and goats is frequent in France. This disease is known as Orf when it affects man. The author describe here the first observation of a recontamination by this poxvirus of a farmer who has fed lambs on the bottle. A literature review of the recent human cases is presented at this occasion.
Contribution à l’immunocytochimie des cellules stéroïdogènes dérivées de l’ébauche adrénogénitale : mise en évidence d'antigènes apparentés aux endorphines
Authors: Dubois Maurice P.
Published: February 2018

Immunocytochemistry of steroid secreting cells raised from the adrenogenital bud : evidence for endorphin related antigens.

Antigens related to met-enkephalin and to a and β-endorphins were investigated using immunocytochemistry on glandular structures raised from the adrenogenital bud in boars, rams cyclic female rats. Leydig cells of the boar (but not of the ram) reacted strongly against anti met-enkephalin and anti β-endorphin ; the response was pituitary

dependent.

In the cortex (but not in the medullar) of sheep adrenals, glomerulae gave a positive response with only anti met-enkephalin ; likewise, in the cyclic female rat, cells of the follicular internal theca and of the corpora lutea are stronger immunoreactive for anti met-enkephalin but not for anti β-endorphin. These data were discussed.
How to understand Holoprosencephaly
Authors: Munteanu Alexandra , Ionescu Cringu A , Navolan Dan
Published: February 2018

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a group of complex structural malformations of the forebrain that results from complete or incomplete nonseparation of the prosencephalon that yields an incomplete division of the cerebral hemispheres and of the telencephalon from the diencephalon. According to the severity of the malformation, HPE is categorized into four subtypes: Alobar HPE, semilobar HPE, lobar HPE, and a middle interhemispheric fusion variant (syntelencephaly). The incidence of HPE is 1 in 10,000 to 15,000 births. The etiology of HPE is very heterogeneous, and the identified causes until now are: Chromosomal (most commonly trisomy 13), monogenic, and teratogenic. The first step of the diagnostics is based on the ultrasound visualization of cerebral ventricular abnormalities, on the axial plane of the fetal brain, and on the facial anomalies.

How to cite this article

Vladareanu R, Munteanu A, Ionescu CA, Navolan D, Vladareanu S. How to understand Holoprosencephaly. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):282-287.
Intrauterine Treatment of Spina Bifida
Authors: Mazzone Luca , Meuli Martin
Published: February 2018

Prenatal repair for open spina bifida (OSB) represents nowadays a valid therapeutic option that must be considered whenever a fetus is diagnosed with this severe congenital malformation. However, a judicious weighing of the benefits obtained by fetal surgery against the risks is necessary for every individual case. This article provides the background information that is needed to accomplish that. It describes the evolution of fetal surgery for spina bifida, its benefits and risks, and the different techniques used today.

How to cite this article

Mazzone L, Meuli M. Intrauterine Treatment of Spina Bifida. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):347-354.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in the Immediate Postoperative Period after Major Pulmonary Resections: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mandal Banashree , Dutta Vikas , Kumar Balbir , Kumar Alok , Ganesan Rajarajan , Bhat Imran H
Published: February 2018

Aim

We aimed to identify the impact through the use of standard and novel echocardiographic parameters, i.e., speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) to evaluate the right and left ventricular (LV) myocardial function in patients who underwent lung resections.

Materials and methods

We identified patients that underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy at our institution in 2016 to 2017. We performed preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in each patient and on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 7, and 30 when available.

Results

Of a total of 26 patients included in the study, 5 underwent pneumonectomy, while the rest underwent lobectomy. Left and right pneumonectomy was performed in 38 and 62% of the patients respectively. None of the patients had right ventricular (RV) dilation or dysfunction on preoperative echocardiograms. Postoperatively, mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was 52 (±7.5) %. Mean RV strain in immediate postoperative period (day 2) was –15.1% (reduction of more than 20%). None of the patients progressed to RV failure or had mortality. Estimated RV systolic pressure was 41 (±20) mm Hg. The differences in RV echocardiographic parameters were significantly different pre- and postsurgery. The RV function decreased significantly on POD 2, which improved slightly thereafter. Extent of resection and side of resection did not make a difference in the RV functions.

Conclusion

After lung resection, patients developed deterioration in RV function that may be reflected by any of the echocardiographic parameters used to assess RV function. Deterioration in RV function is maximum in the immediate postoperative period (day 2), which improves to preoperative level by 4 weeks.

How to cite this article

Bhat IH, Kumar A, Kumar B, Ganesan R, Mandal B, Dutta V. Echocardiographic Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in the Immediate Postoperative Period after Major Pulmonary Resections: A Prospective Observational Study. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):42-48.
Role of Perioperative Echocardiography in Revision of Assessment: A Condition of Severe Aortic Stenosis leading to Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Apical Clot
Authors: Bhat Imran H , Damodaran Srinath , Kumar Rupesh
Published: February 2018

The prevalence of discrete subaortic stenosis (SAS) in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is 8 to 20%, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Fixed SAS may be due to a discrete fibrous membrane, a muscular narrowing, or a combination of the two. The discrete form of fibromuscular SAS is most frequently encountered (90%), but the tunnel-type lesions are associated with a greater degree of stenosis. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy scheduled for double valve replacement (DVR) based on the preoperative echocardiographic report of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) with severe aortic stenosis (AS), severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and moderate mitral stenosis (MS), and moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) with severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and LV apical clot. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the operation theater revealed discrete subaortic membrane (SAM) causing severe LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). The patient underwent open heart surgery with resection of the discrete membrane and removal of apical clot.

How to cite this article

Bhat IH, Mandal B, Damodaran S, Kumar R. Role of Perioperative Echocardiography in Revision of Assessment: A Condition of Severe Aortic Stenosis leading to Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Apical Clot. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2017;5(2):77-81.
Nitrous acid formation in a snow-free wintertime polluted rural area
Authors: Tsai Catalina , Spolaor Max , Colosimo Santo Fedele , Pikelnaya Olga , Cheung Ross , Williams Eric , Gilman Jessica B. , Lerner Brian M. , Zamora Robert J. , Warneke Carsten , Roberts James M. , Ahmadov Ravan , de Gouw Joost , Bates Timothy , Quinn Patricia K. , Stutz Jochen
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) photolysis is an important source of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the lower atmosphere, in particular in winter when other OH sources are less efficient. The nighttime formation of HONO and its photolysis in the early morning have long been recognized as an important contributor to the OH budget in polluted environments. Over the past few decades it has become clear that the formation of HONO during the day is an even larger contributor to the OH budget and additionally provides a pathway to recycle NOx. Despite the recognition of this unidentified HONO daytime source, the precise chemical mechanism remains elusive. A number of mechanisms have been proposed, including gas-phase, aerosol, and ground surface processes, to explain the elevated levels of daytime HONO. To identify the likely HONO formation mechanisms in a wintertime polluted rural environment we present LP-DOAS observations of HONO, NO2, and O3 on three absorption paths that cover altitude intervals from 2 to 31, 45, and 68 m above ground level (a.g.l.) during the UBWOS 2012 experiment in the Uintah Basin, Utah, USA. Daytime HONO mixing ratios in the 2–31 m height interval were, on average, 78 ppt, which is lower than HONO levels measured in most polluted urban environments with similar NO2 mixing ratios of 1–2 ppb. HONO surface fluxes at 19 m a.g.l., calculated using the HONO gradients from the LP-DOAS and measured eddy diffusivity coefficient, show clear upward fluxes. The hourly average vertical HONO flux during sunny days followed solar irradiance, with a maximum of (4.9 ± 0.2)  ×  1010 molec. cm−2 s−1 at noontime. A photostationary state analysis of the HONO budget shows that the surface flux closes the HONO budget, accounting for 63 ± 32 % of the unidentified HONO daytime source throughout the day and 90 ± 30 % near noontime. This is also supported by 1-D chemistry and transport model calculations that include the measured surface flux, thus clearly identifying chemistry at the ground as the missing daytime HONO source in this environment. Comparison between HONO surface flux, solar radiation, NO2 and HNO3 mixing ratios, and results from 1-D model runs suggest that, under high NOx conditions, HONO formation mechanisms related to solar radiation and NO2 mixing ratios, such as photo-enhanced conversion of NO2 on the ground, are most likely the source of daytime HONO. Under moderate to low NO2 conditions, photolysis of HNO3 on the ground seems to be the main source of HONO.
Insight into Global Trends in Aerosol Composition over 2005–2015 Inferred from the OMI Ultraviolet Aerosol Index
Authors: Hammer Melanie S. , Martin Randall V. , Li Chi , Torres Omar , Manning Max , Boys Brian L.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Observations of aerosol scattering and absorption offer valuable information about aerosol composition. We apply a simulation of the Ultraviolet Aerosol Index (UVAI), a method of detecting aerosol absorption from satellite observations, to interpret UVAI values observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over 2005–2015 to understand global trends in aerosol composition. We conduct our simulation using the vector radiative transfer model VLIDORT with aerosol fields from the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. We examine the 2005–2015 trends in individual aerosol species from GEOS-Chem, and apply these trends to the UVAI simulation to calculate the change in simulated UVAI due to the trends in individual aerosol species. We find that global trends in the UVAI are largely explained by trends in absorption by mineral dust, absorption by brown carbon, and scattering by secondary inorganic aerosol. Trends in absorption by mineral dust dominate the simulated UVAI trends over North Africa, the Middle-East, East Asia, and Australia. The UVAI simulation well resolves observed negative UVAI trends over Australia, but underestimates positive UVAI trends over North Africa and Central Asia near the Aral Sea, and underestimates negative UVAI trends over East Asia. We find evidence of an increasing dust source from the desiccating Aral Sea, that may not be well represented by the current generation of models. Trends in absorption by brown carbon dominate the simulated UVAI trends over biomass burning regions. The UVAI simulation reproduces observed negative trends over central South America and West Africa, but underestimates observed UVAI trends over boreal forests. Trends in scattering by secondary inorganic aerosol dominate the simulated UVAI trends over the eastern United States and eastern India. The UVAI simulation slightly overestimates the observed positive UVAI trends over the eastern United States, and underestimates the observed negative UVAI trends over India. Quantitative simulation of the OMI UVAI offers new insight into global trends in aerosol composition.
The influence of transformed Reynolds number limitation on gas
transfer parameterizations and global DMS and CO2
fluxes
Authors: Zavarsky Alexander , Marandino Christa A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Eddy covariance measurements show gas transfer velocity limitation at medium to high wind speed. A wind-wave interaction described by the transformed Reynolds number is used to characterize environmental conditions favoring this limitation. We take the transformed Reynolds number parameterization to review the two most cited wind speed gas transfer velocity parameterizations, Nightingale 2000 and Wanninkhof 1992/2014. We propose an algorithm to correct for the effect of gas transfer limitation and validate it with two gas transfer limited directly measured DMS gas transfer velocity data sets. A correction of the Nightingale 2000 parameterization leads to an average increase of 22 % of its predicted gas transfer velocity. The increase for Wanninkhof 2014 is 9.85 %. Additionally, the correction is applied to global air-sea flux climatologies of CO2 and DMS. The global application of gas transfer limitation leads to a decrease of 6–7 % for the uptake CO2 by the oceans and to decrease of 11 % of oceanic outgassing of DMS. We expect the magnitude of Reynolds limitation on any global air-sea gas exchange to be 10 %.
Comparison study of COSMIC RO dry air climatologies based on average profile inversion
Authors: Danzer Julia , Schwärz Marc , Proschek Veronika , Foelsche Ulrich , Gleisner Hans
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Recently a new approach for the production of GNSS radio occultation climatologies has been proposed. The idea is to perform the averaging of individual profiles already in bending angle space and propagating the mean bending angle profiles through the Abel transform. Climatological products of refractivity, density, pressure, and temperature are directly retrieved from the mean bending angles. The averaging of a large number of profiles suppresses noise in the data, enabling observed bending angle data to be used up to 80 km without the need of a priori information. Above that altitude some background information for the Abel integral is still necessary. This work is a follow up study, having the focus on the comparison of the average profile inversion climatologies (API) from the two processing centers WEGC and DMI, studying monthly COSMIC data from January to March 2011. The impact of different backgrounds above 80 km is tested, and different implementations of the Abel integral are investigated. Results are compared for the climatological products against ECMWF analysis, MIPAS, and SABER data. It is shown that different implementations of the Abel integral have only little impact on the average profile inversion climatologies. On the other hand, different expansions of the bending angle profile above 80 km play a key role on the resulting monthly mean refractivities above 35 km altitude. Below that respective altitude the API climatologies show a good agreement between the two processing centers WEGC and DMI. Due to the downward propagation within the retrieval, effects of the upper initialization lead to differences in dry temperature climatologies already at 20 km altitude. Applying at both centers an exponential extrapolation to the bending angles above 80 km, dry temperature climatologies agree between WEGC, DMI, ECMWF analysis, and MIPAS up to 35 km altitude within ± 0.5 K, and up to 40 km altitude within ± 1 K. We conclude that up to the lower stratosphere the average profile inversion is a valid – and in computation time much faster – alternative for the production of dry atmospheric RO climatologies.
Post-depositional formation of vivianite-type minerals alters sediment phosphorus records
Authors: Dijkstra Nikki , Hagens Mathilde , Egger Matthias , Slomp Caroline P.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments are frequently used to reconstruct past environmental conditions in freshwater and marine systems, with high values thought to be indicative of a high biological productivity. Recent studies suggest that the post-depositional formation of vivianite, an iron(II)-phosphate mineral, might significantly alter trends in P with sediment depth. To assess its importance, we investigate a sediment record from the Bornholm Basin that was retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment Expedition 347 in 2013, consisting of lake sediments overlain by brackish–marine deposits. Combining bulk sediment geochemistry with microanalysis using scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we demonstrate that vivianite-type minerals rich in manganese and magnesium are present in the lake deposits just below the transition to the brackish–marine sediments (at 11.5 to 12 m sediment depth). In this depth interval, phosphate that diffuses down from the organic-rich, brackish–marine sediments meets porewaters rich in dissolved iron in the lake sediments, resulting in the precipitation of iron(II) phosphate. Results from a reactive transport model suggest that the peak in iron(II) phosphate originally occurred at the lake–marine transition (9 to 10 m) and moved downwards due to changes in the depth of a sulfidization front. However, its current position relative to the lake–marine transition is stable as the vivianite-type minerals and active sulfidization fronts have been spatially separated over time. Experiments in which vivianite was subjected to sulfidic conditions demonstrate that incorporation of manganese or magnesium in vivianite does not affect its susceptibility to sulfide-induced dissolution. Our work highlights that post-depositional formation of iron(II) phosphates such as vivianite has the potential to strongly alter sedimentary P records particularly in systems that are subject to environmental perturbation, such as a change in primary productivity, which can be associated with a lake–marine transition.