bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEW SPECIES OF ANARTA FROM NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

In the Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science (1868-9, p. 78-87), I have given a list of some specimens of Nova Scotian Lepidoptera, sent me for determination by the esteemed President of the Institute, J. Matthew Jones, Esq., of Halifax. Among these was included a new species of Anarta, the description of which I reprint here, as many of those interested in this department of Entomology may not have access to the original publication.
NOTE ON AMPHIPYRA TRAGOPOGONIS, Linn
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

On the 6th of June, 1868, we observed for the first time a handsome green caterpillar eating some lettuce that we rvere growing in our graper-v ; thinking that it could not very well escape, we merely took a rough description, as follows :–Sixteen-footed caterpillar, about an inch long, pale green (almost the colour of lettuce leaves) above, deeper green below; a white dorsal line, two lateral white lines, the lower passing through the spiracles ; all five lines proceeding from head to tail. Before we secured it, it did, however, escape, probably entering the ground.

The following year, in June and early in July, we observed many similar larvæ on a number of different plants, both in the garden and in the woods.
ON A SPECIES OF HEMITELES (Ichneumonidœ),: Ascertained by the Editor to be parasitic in Canada on the imported Currant Worm Fly (Nematus ventricosus, Klug.)
Authors: Walsh Ben J. D.
Published: February 2010

Not a single American species of Hemiteles, so far as I am aware, has as yet been decribed under that generic name as occurrittg north of the West India Islands. Two of Say's Cryptus, indeed, namely, Cr. orbus, found in Indiana, and Cr. tenellus, found in Pennsylvania, manifestly belong to this genus ; and the latter may not improbably be identical with our insect, though his description is insufficient to identify it, and scarcely separates it from Hæmiteles thoracicus, Cresson, an inhabitant of Cuba. In my own cabinet, besides the species that we now have to do with, I have no less than nine undescribed species of this genus that were captured or bred in Illinois, The genus may be conveniently divided into two principal groups, according to the presence or absence of metathoracic thorns ; and of my undescribed species but two belong to the latter category.
MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Chambers V. T.
Published: February 2010

All of my specimens have a very pronounccd though rather short white dorso-basal streak, which is sometimes continuous with a longitudinal median white streak upon the thorax, and in all of them the median basal streak is continuous with a white line across the anterior margin of the thorax, which is extended backwards over the tegulae. The dorso-basal streak and the markings of the thorax and tegulae are not mentioned by Dr. Clemens.
HINTS TO FRUIT-GROWERS.: Paper No. 1
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

To make the Entomologist more interesting and useful to fruit-growers, it is intended to devote a page of every number issued during the summer season to giving practical hints in reference to insects whose times of appearance may be near at hand, with a condensed summary of such means and remedies as have been found most serviceable in lessening the numbers of such as are injurious. We shall be glad to receive communications from fruit-growers relating to any new insect pests occurring in their neighbourhood.
NOTES ON THE LARVA OF PRIOCYCLA ARMATARTA Herr. Sch
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

Specimens of a nearly black geometric larva which afterwards proved to belong to this species, were taken last year on the 15th of July on currant and gooseberry bushes, on which they were feeding. They fed on the foliage of the black currant as well as of the red, and in fact seemed to prefer it.

When first taken they answered to the following description:

Length 45 in. Body tapering a little anteriorly, thicker on middle and hind segments.
LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA TAKEN AT QUEBEC
Authors: Bowles G. J.
Published: February 2010

On page 95 of Volume II. of the Canadian Entomologist, I gave a list of the Diurnal Lepidoptera so far taken at Quebec. I now add the Hererocera as far as the Bombycidæ, availing myself of the latest revision of the species by Dr. Packard and Mr. Grote. It is to be hoped that the researches of these eminent Entomologists have placed the nomenclature and grouping of these moths on a permanent basis.
NEW ENEMIES OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE
Authors: Reed E. B.
Published: February 2010

Sometime during the latter part of July last, while wandering about the outskirts of a large potato patch, and examining the damage caused by the Coloroado beetle. I found on the vines the larva of a beetle belonging tothe family of Coccinellidæ or Lady Birds. The insect was new to me and although there were no larvaæ of the Colorado beetle in the immediate vicinity, yet I was in hope that I had discovered a new enemy of our abominable pest. To test the question more at leisure, I took my newly-found treasure home, and placed it in a box, wherein were numerous specimens of Colorado larvæ in all stages, from the diabolical looking little monster just hatched from the egg, to the full-grown, fat, and repulsive larva dragging its bloated body slowly about in search of some convenient place to undergo the transformation into the pupal state.
ON THE LARVA OF HYPERETIS ALIENARIA, Herr. Sch
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

The larva of this beautiful geometric moth is dark brown, and feeds on beech. The specimens, from which the subjoined description was made, were taken on the 10th of September, by beating the branches of some beech trees over an umbrella.

Length one inch, body cylindrical.

Head medium sized, bilobed, dark brown, with two bluish-white lines in front; mandibles paler.

Body above, dark brown, with a row of dull white dots on each side, one or two on each segment, most prominent from fifth to eighth segments inclusive, less distinct towards each extremity.
NOTES ON LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVÆ
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

Young specimens of the larva of this species were found last year, about half grown, under chips and logs in open fields early in May. They had evidently wintered in the larval state, and had but lately aroused from their winter's sleep. No description of the larva was taken until May 25th, when it was full grown.

Length, 1-25 inch, cylindrical.

Head: medium sized, flattened, black, with two diverging whitish lines down the front and one across, forming a small triangle ; a patch of dots of the same colour on sides ; palpi whitish, tipped with black ; mandibles black.

Body above, dirty brown, with a faint yellowish tinge; a dorsal line of a paler hue, and a subdorsal yellow line, most distinct from fifth to twelfth segments, nearly obsolete on the anterior ones.
ENTOMOLOGY. No. II
Authors: Couper William
Published: February 2010

In a former paper, I have briefly referred to the Peculiarity of nest structure made by the larvæof our large Lepidopterous Nocturnal insects, in order to show that an attempt should be made to separate species on the similarity of form and texture of these structures. No doubt, when Entomology becomes thoroughly studied throughout the Dominion, much of the confusion in our prsent generic classification will be removed by means of investigations into the early history of larvæ and imagines of the many genera.
QUEBEC CURRANT WORMS
Authors: Bowles G. J.
Published: February 2010

In May last I became the tenant of a house in the central part of the city of Quebec. To this house is attached a garden, which contains a few plum trees and a considerable number of currant and gooseberry bushes. The plants, however, are very old, and as the garden has been neglected noxious insects have increased and multiplied to no small degree. I intend in this paper to give my experiences as regards the currant and gooseberry bushes, leaving the rest till another time, and trust that I shall be able to add something to the history of the insects, unfortunately too common, which infest these small fruits.
LIST OF THE WRITINGS OF THE LATE: COLEMAN TOWNSEND ROBINSON
Authors: Grote Aug. E.
Published: February 2010

I give here a list of those of the Entomological writings of my late esteemed friend, Mr. Coleman T. Robinson, that have been published under his sole signature.

These recommended themselves to the attention of the student by the conscientious statement and adequate illustration of the different species they discuss. The were all writtent subsequent to Mr. Robinson's return in 1868, from a journey to England and Continental Europe, during the prosecution of which a representative collection of European Lepidoptera was acquired, and especial attention was paid to the smaller moths.
ON SOME LEAF-MINING COLEOPTERA
Authors: Chambers V. T.
Published: February 2010

It is necessary for me to correct a serious error into which I have fallen.

At page 165, v. 3, I have described a larva mining the upper surface of leaves of the White Oak (Quercus alba), which seemed to me to answer the requirements of Dr. Clemens' Lithocollctis tubiferella, which also mines the leaves of Quercus alba. The larva was not removed from the mine, but viewed through the integument.
MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Chambers V. T.
Published: February 2010

Head and palpi very pale ochreous, almost white, a little darker on top, a dark brown spot extends almost entirely around the base of the third joint of the palpi, and another entirely around it before the apex. Antennae brownish, with about six white annulations in the apical part.Thorax and base of the wings pale ochreous, sparsely dusted with fuscous, with a fuscous line across the wing close to the base. About the basal one-fourth of the wing a fuscous streak passes obliquely backwards as far as the fold, and from thence to the apex the wing is pale ochreous, rather thickly dusted with fuscous and dark ochreous, with the extreme apex fiscous.
REMARKS ON LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED AT FOX BAY, ANTICOSTI, AND THE NORTH SHORE OF THE ST. LAWRENCE, BETWEEN JUNE 18th AND AUGUST, 1st
Authors: Couper William
Published: February 2010

When I decided on an Entomological tour during the past summer to the Island of Anticosti and the coast of Labrador, I fully expected to bring home sufficient material, not only to satisfy the few subscribers to the enterprise, but (after supplying them) enough to remunerate myself for the risk of the voyage and loss of time. Your readers are already acquainted with my misfortune ; still, I hope that the lost species will be replaced, as it is my intention to go over the ground again (if God spares me) next summer. Entomologically speaking, the region is totally new.
MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Chambers V. T.
Published: February 2010

Tongue dark brown; basal joint of the palpi, and the second joint externally, and on the under surface, dark brown; upper surface pale ochreous; tip white; third joint dark ochreous, tipped with dark brown. Head pale bronzy brown, with purplish reflections, each scale tipped with white. Sides of thorax and base of the wings ochreous yellow, extending along the costal portoin of the wings, gradually narrowing to about the middle of the costa.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA, No. 4
Authors: Cresson E. T.
Published: February 2010

Microctonus Agilis.N. sp–♂. Piceous, shining; clypeus and mandibles testaceous; palpi whitish; antennæ longer than head and thorax, slender, fuscous, basal third pale; pleura beneath, rufo-piceous; tegulæ whitish; wings hyaline, iridescent; nervures and stigma fuscous, the latter large, lanceolate; marginal cell longer than stigma, lanceolate; legs, ineluding coxæ, pale honey-yellow, extreme tips of posterior tibiæ dusky; abdomen smooth, shining, depressed, first segment tinged with rufo-piceous, gradually dilated to apex. Length .10 inch.
MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Chambers V. T.
Published: February 2010

Second joint of the labial palpi with a distinct tuft at the apex beneath, Head and palpi silvery white. Second joint of the labial palpi brownish gray except, at the tip. Antennae, thorax anterior winqs pale brownish-gray, in some lights silvery or golden, Thorax with a longitudinal median white streak producd gradually, widening along the dorsal margin of the anterior wings to the basal third, when it is interested by a somewhat oblique costal white streak. Another oblique costal white streak about the basal fourth; a third one longer and narrower, situated beyond the middle of the costa. and a fourth and large one near the apex, and extending into the ciliae.
DESCRIPTION OF THE WHEAT WIRE-WORM
Authors: Pettit J.
Published: February 2010

For many years an insect, familiarly known among farmers as “the wire-worm,” has committed ravages from time to time among the wheat crops in different parts of the Province. As the history of this insect has not hitherto been traded out, I am happy to be able to make public, through the pages of the Canadian Entomologist, the following description of its larval and pupal states.
INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

[173] 229. Callidium simile Kirby.–Lenerh of body 7 lines. A single specimen taken with the preceding specics.

This species in most respects is so like C. M. proteus, that I had set it
by as another variety; but upon further consideration I am induced to give it as a distinct, sincc it differs not only in colour but in the form and sculpture of the prothorax and other parts.
Maternal-care behaviour inAdomerus variegatus(Hemiptera: Cydnidae)
Authors: Mukai Hiromi , Hironaka Mantaro , Baba Narumi , Yanagi Takao , Inadomi Koichi , Filippi Lisa , Nomakuchi Shintaro
Published: February 2010

Subsociality involving provisioning for offspring has been reported for one shield bug and three burrower bug species (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea: Parastrachiidae and Cydnidae: Sehirinae). We present the first report of subsocial behaviour in the burrower bugAdomerus variegatus(Signoret), focusing on manifestations of maternal care, specifically the production of trophic eggs, guarding of offspring, and progressive provisioning. In our study, each female produced an egg mass that included some trophic eggs. Prior to nymphal hatch, females remained in their nests and showed egg mass guarding behaviour. Mothers started provisioning behaviour a few hours after nymphal hatch. Each mother dragged a seed (larger than her body) with her proboscis to the nest as food for the nymphs. These findings suggest thatA. variegatusshows maternal-care behaviours similar to those reported in some other pentatomoid species and that trophic egg production and nest provisioning have evolved as interrelated processes.
Density and location of simulated signs of injury affect efficacy of ground surveys for Asian longhorned beetle
Authors: Turgeon Jean J. , Pedlar John , de Groot Peter , Smith Michael T. , Jones Chuck , Orr Mary , Gasman Ben
Published: February 2010

Surveys for signs of attack by Asian long-horned beetles,Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), currently rely upon visual examination of trees to discover signs of attack. By embedding simulatedA. glabripennisoviposition pits and exit holes on open-grown Norway maples,Acer platanoidesL. (Aceraceae), we evaluated the effect of sign density, height (below or above 2.5m), and position (bole or branch) when foliage was present or absent on inspector ability to distinguish trees with or without signs. From this, we quantified detectability, or the proportion of trees correctly identified as infested, and determined the time taken to do so. Effectiveness in detecting trees with signs improved when sign density increased, when signs were below 2.5m, and when oviposition pits were located on boles and exit holes on branches. These main findings require some caveats, due to a number of significant interactions. Foliage presence/absence had no apparent influence on effectiveness; possible reasons are provided for this result. Time-to-find curves, which illustrated the proportion of inspectors who accurately identified an infested tree as a function of survey duration, revealed that for most treatment combinations, most infested trees were detected within the first 2 min of survey time. These findings provide baseline data to assist managers in designing effective protocols for ground surveys ofA. glabripennis.
Performance of the specialist herbivorePlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Brassicaceae and non-Brassicaceae species
Authors: Sarfraz R.M. , Dosdall L.M. , Keddie B.A.
Published: February 2010

The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is considered oligophagous on Brassicaceae. We determined the preferences and performance ofP. xylostellaon canola,Brassica napusL., and flixweed,Descurainia sophia(L.) WebbexPrantl (Brassicaceae), spider-plant,Cleome hasslerianaChod. (Capparaceae), and garden nasturtium,Tropaeolum majusL. (Tropaeolaceae). Females deposited most eggs onB. napus;T. majuswas least preferred. The rate of survival from neonate to pupa was highest onB. napusfollowed byC. hassleriana,T. majus, andD. sophia. The rate of development of female larvae on Brassicaceae was similar to that on non-Brassicaceae; pupal development was slowest on non-hosts. Female pupae were heaviest onB. napusand lightest onD. sophia. Adult females were heaviest when reared onB. napusand lightest onT. majusandD. sophia. Females reared onD. sophiahad the smallest forewings; forewing areas for females on other plants were similar. Females reared onB. napusandC. hasslerianalived longer without food than those reared onD. sophiaorT. majus. Males reared onT. majuslived for the shortest time without food. This specialist herbivore can exploit a range of food plants, including suboptimal Brassicaceae and species from other families. This trait appears to facilitate survival and reproduction ofP. xylostellawhen preferred food plants are limiting or absent.
Nesting biology and subsociality inCeratina calcarata(Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Rehan Sandra M. , Richards Miriam H.
Published: February 2010

To evaluate sociality in small carpenter bees (CeratinaLatreille), we studied the life history and nesting biology of a common eastern North American species,Ceratina(Zadontomerus)calcarataRobertson. Pan-trap and nest collections throughout the active season (May to September 2006) were used to assessC. calcarata’sseasonal phenology and nesting biology in southern Ontario. Adults overwintered in their natal nests. Males emerged in early May and occupied preexisting hollows in twigs and stems. Females emerged from hibernacula 2 weeks later, founding new nests. Nest founding and provisioning occurred throughout the spring; females remained with developing brood through the summer. Complete nests contained, on average, 6.9 offspring, with egg-to-adult development averaging 46 days.Ceratina calcaratais subsocial rather than solitary: mothers are long-lived and nest-loyal, and care for offspring from egg to adulthood. Subsociality is found in all behaviourally classified small carpenter bees, while some species cross the boundary into social life, makingCeratinaan important genus for the study of the transition between solitary and social life.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Inducible Protein, Herp, Is a Potential Triggering Antigen for Anti-DNA Response
Authors: Hirabayashi Yasuhiko , Oka Yumiko , Ikeda Tomoko , Fujii Hiroshi , Ishii Tomonori , Sasaki Takeshi , Harigae Hideo
Published: February 2010

Anti-dsDNA Abs are highly specific indicators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and play a pathogenic role in lupus nephritis. Human anti-dsDNA Abs are most likely generated by an Ag-driven mechanism. However, the Ag responsible for triggering anti-dsDNA Ab production has not been identified. To search for proteins that are cross-reactive with anti-dsDNA Abs, we screened a cDNA library from a patient with SLE with single-chain Fv of O-81 human anti-ss/dsDNA mAb by using a two-hybrid system. Homocysteine-induced ER protein (Herp), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducible ER membrane protein, was identified and shown to bind to original O-81 Ab and human lupus anti-dsDNA Abs. Some IgG purified from patients with active SLE by Herp-immobilized affinity chromatography bound to dsDNA. BALB/c mice immunized with Herp showed IgG anti-dsDNA Abs, IgG anti-nucleosome Abs, and glomerular IgG deposition. Herp reactivity was strongly positive in a proportion of PBLs from patients with active SLE, but undetectable in those from healthy controls. Moreover, activation of caspases was observed in the Herp-positive cells, implying that ER stress-induced apoptosis likely occurs in patients with active SLE. Herp is exposed on blebs of ER stress-induced apoptotic cells, suggesting that Herp can be recognized by immune cells. These results indicate that Herp mimics structural determinants of DNA immunologically and can be immunogenic in vivo. Thus, Herp represents a candidate autoantigen for anti-DNA Abs. This study may help explain how common environmental factors induce the production of anti-DNA Abs and contribute the development of SLE.
The Human IL-3/Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Locus Is Epigenetically Silent in Immature Thymocytes and Is Progressively Activated during T Cell Development
Authors: Mirabella Fabio , Baxter Euan W. , Boissinot Marjorie , James Sally R. , Cockerill Peter N.
Published: February 2010

The closely linked IL-3 and GM-CSF genes are located within a cluster of cytokine genes co-expressed in activated T cells. Their activation in response to TCR signaling pathways is controlled by specific, inducible upstream enhancers. To study the developmental regulation of this locus in T lineage cells, we created a transgenic mouse model encompassing the human IL-3 and GM-CSF genes plus the known enhancers. We demonstrated that the IL-3/GM-CSF locus undergoes progressive stages of activation, with stepwise increases in active modifications and the proportion of cytokine-expressing cells, throughout the course of T cell differentiation. Looking first at immature cells, we found that the IL-3/GM-CSF locus was epigenetically silent in CD4/CD8 double positive thymocytes, thereby minimizing the potential for inappropriate activation during the course of TCR selection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the locus did not reach its maximal transcriptional potential until after T cells had undergone blast cell transformation to become fully activated proliferating T cells. Inducible locus activation in mature T cells was accompanied by noncoding transcription initiating within the enhancer elements. Significantly, we also found that memory CD4 positive T cells, but not naive T cells, maintain a remodeled chromatin structure resembling that seen in T blast cells.
Dendritic Cells Derived from Hemozoin-Loaded Monocytes Display a Partial Maturation Phenotype that Promotes HIV-1 Trans-Infection of CD4+ T Cells and Virus Replication
Authors: Diou Juliette , Tardif Mélanie R. , Barat Corinne , Tremblay Michel J.
Published: February 2010

Coinfection of HIV-1 patients with Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of malaria, results in a raise of viral load and an acceleration of disease progression. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether the malarial pigment hemozoin (HZ), a heme by-product of hemoglobin digestion by malaria parasites, can affect HIV-1 transmission by monocytes-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to CD4+ T cells when HZ is initially internalized in monocytes before their differentiation in DCs. We demonstrate in this study that HZ treatment during the differentiation process induces an intermediate maturation phenotype when compared with immature and fully mature DCs. Furthermore, the DC-mediated transfer of HIV-1 is enhanced in presence of HZ, a phenomenon that may be linked with the capacity of HZ-loaded cells to interact and activate CD4+ T cells. Altogether our findings suggest a new mechanism that could partially explain the increased HIV-1 virus production during a coinfection with P. falciparum. Understanding the multifaceted interactions between P. falciparum and HIV-1 is an important challenge that could lead to the development of new treatment strategies.
IL-4 Regulates Skin Homeostasis and the Predisposition toward Allergic Skin Inflammation
Authors: Sehra Sarita , Yao Yongxue , Howell Michael D. , Nguyen Evelyn T. , Kansas Geoffrey S. , Leung Donald Y. M. , Travers Jeffrey B. , Kaplan Mark H.
Published: February 2010

IL-4 promotes the development of Th2 cells and allergic inflammation. In atopic dermatitis lesions, IL-4 decreases the expression of multiple genes associated with innate defense, including genes in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) that regulate epidermal barrier function. However, it is not clear whether IL-4 also contributes to homeostatic control of EDC genes. In this report, we demonstrate that expression of EDC genes and barrier function is increased in the absence of endogenous IL-4. Mice that express a constitutively active Stat6 (Stat6VT) are prone to the development of allergic skin inflammation and have decreased expression of EDC genes. IL-4 deficiency protects Stat6VT transgenic mice from the development of allergic skin inflammation and decreased recovery time in barrier function following skin irritation, with a concomitant increase in EDC gene expression. These data suggest that IL-4 plays an important role in regulating epidermal homeostasis and innate barrier function.
Chemokine Scavenger D6 Is Expressed by Trophoblasts and Aids the Survival of Mouse Embryos Transferred into Allogeneic Recipients
Authors: Madigan Judith , Freeman Dilys J. , Menzies Fiona , Forrow Steve , Nelson Scott M. , Young Anne , Sharkey Andrew , Moffett Ashley , Graham Gerard J. , Greer Ian A. , Rot Antal , Nibbs Robert J. B.
Published: February 2010

Proinflammatory CC chemokines are thought to drive recruitment of maternal leukocytes into gestational tissues and regulate extravillous trophoblast migration. The atypical chemokine receptor D6 binds many of these chemokines and is highly expressed by the human placenta. D6 is thought to act as a chemokine scavenger because, when ectopically expressed in cell lines in vitro, it efficiently internalizes proinflammatory CC chemokines and targets them for destruction in the absence of detectable chemokine-induced signaling. Moreover, D6 suppresses inflammation in many mouse tissues, and notably, D6-deficient fetuses in D6-deficient female mice show increased susceptibility to inflammation-driven resorption. In this paper, we report strong anti-D6 immunoreactivity, with specific intracellular distribution patterns, in trophoblast-derived cells in human placenta, decidua, and gestational membranes throughout pregnancy and in trophoblast disease states of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. We show, for the first time, that endogenous D6 in a human choriocarcinoma-derived cell line can mediate progressive chemokine scavenging and that the D6 ligand CCL2 can specifically associate with human syncytiotrophoblasts in term placenta in situ. Moreover, despite strong chemokine production by gestational tissues, levels of D6-binding chemokines in maternal plasma decrease during pregnancy, even in women with pre-eclampsia, a disease associated with increased maternal inflammation. In mice, D6 is not required for syngeneic or semiallogeneic fetal survival in unchallenged mice, but interestingly, it does suppress fetal resorption after embryo transfer into fully allogeneic recipients. These data support the view that trophoblast D6 scavenges maternal chemokines at the fetomaternal interface and that, in some circumstances, this can help to ensure fetal survival.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Enhances HIV-1 Infection of Primary Resting CD4+ T Cells through TLR2 Activation
Authors: Ding Jian , Rapista Aprille , Teleshova Natalia , Mosoyan Goar , Jarvis Gary A. , Klotman Mary E. , Chang Theresa L.
Published: February 2010

Sexually transmitted infections increase the likelihood of HIV-1 transmission. We investigated the effect of Neisseria gonorrheae (gonococcus [GC]) exposure on HIV replication in primary resting CD4+ T cells, a major HIV target cell during the early stage of sexual transmission of HIV. GC and TLR2 agonists, such as peptidylglycan (PGN), Pam3CSK4, and Pam3C-Lip, a GC-derived synthetic lipopeptide, but not TLR4 agonists including LPS or GC lipooligosaccharide enhanced HIV-1 infection of primary resting CD4+ T cells after viral entry. Pretreatment of CD4+ cells with PGN also promoted HIV infection. Anti-TLR2 Abs abolished the HIV enhancing effect of GC and Pam3C-Lip, indicating that GC-mediated enhancement of HIV infection of resting CD4+ T cells was through TLR2. IL-2 was required for TLR2–mediated HIV enhancement. PGN and GC induced cell surface expression of T cell activation markers and HIV coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4. The maximal postentry HIV enhancing effect was achieved when PGN was added immediately after viral exposure. Kinetic studies and analysis of HIV DNA products indicated that GC exposure and TLR2 activation enhanced HIV infection at the step of nuclear import. We conclude that GC enhanced HIV infection of primary resting CD4+ T cells through TLR2 activation, which both increased the susceptibility of primary CD4+ T cells to HIV infection as well as enhanced HIV-infected CD4+ T cells at the early stage of HIV life cycle after entry. This study provides a molecular mechanism by which nonulcerative sexually transmitted infections mediate enhancement of HIV infection and has implication for HIV prevention and therapeutics.
Adenosine Deaminase Modulation of Telomerase Activity and Replicative Senescence in Human CD8 T Lymphocytes
Authors: Parish Stanley T. , Kim Sarah , Sekhon Rekha K. , Wu Jennifer E. , Kawakatsu Yukako , Effros Rita B.
Published: February 2010

Increased proportions of CD8 T lymphocytes lacking expression of the CD28 costimulatory receptor have been documented during both aging and chronic infection with HIV-1, and their abundance correlates with numerous deleterious clinical outcomes. CD28-negative cells also arise in cell cultures of CD8+CD28+ following multiple rounds of Ag-driven proliferation, reaching the end stage of replicative senescence. The present study investigates the role of a second T cell costimulatory receptor component, adenosine deaminase (ADA), on the process of replicative senescence. We had previously reported that CD28 signaling is required for optimal telomerase upregulation. In this study, we show that the CD8+CD28+ T lymphocytes that are ADA+ have significantly greater telomerase activity than those that do not express ADA and that ADA is progressively lost as cultures progress to senescence. Because ADA converts adenosine to inosine, cells lacking this enzyme might be subject to prolonged exposure to adenosine, which has immunosuppressive effects. Indeed, we show that chronic exposure of CD8 T lymphocytes to exogenous adenosine accelerates the process of replicative senescence, causing a reduction in overall proliferative potential, reduced telomerase activity, and blunted IL-2 gene transcription. The loss of CD28 expression was accelerated, in part due to adenosine-induced increases in constitutive caspase-3, known to act on the CD28 promoter. These findings provide the first evidence for a role of ADA in modulating the process of replicative senescence and suggest that strategies to enhance this enzyme may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for pathologies associated with increases in senescent CD8 T lymphocytes.
Image-guided percutaneous drainage of an emphysematous bulla with a fluid level
Authors: Kalra Naveen , Aiyappan Senthil Kumar , Jindal Surinder K , Khandelwal Niranjan
Published: February 2010

We report here a case of a large emphysematous bulla with a fluid level that was managed successfully by percutaneous catheter drainage in a 50 year-old man with chronic obstructive airway disease.
Refractory post visual internal urethrotomy bleeding managed by angioembolization
Authors: Dhabalia Jayesh V , Nelivigi Girish G , Punia Mahendra Singh , Kumar Vikash
Published: February 2010

Post visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) bleeding is usually treated successfully with local compression. Angioembolization for post VIU bleeding has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge. This is a case report of a 55-year-old man who was referred with persistent per urethral bleeding around a Foley catheter, three days following VIU. When standard methods of treatment were unsuccessful, the bleeding was controlled by embolizing the bulbourethral artery with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles.
CT mimics of peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Smiti S , Rajagopal KV
Published: February 2010

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a term used to describe widespread metastases of cancerous tumors in the peritoneal cavity. It is most common in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and ovaries, and must be considered to be the main diagnosis even when the primary is not known. A wide variety of disease processes mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis. Precise diagnosis based on imaging alone is often difficult and very often the final diagnosis is only obtained after appropriate histopathology or microbiology.
Cavitatory mesenteric lymph node syndrome: A rare entity
Authors: Vishal Kalia , Gill Anakhvir ,   Vibhuti
Published: February 2010

Celiac disease is a gluten sensitive enteropathy that involves an abnormal immunological response to glutens in wheat, rye etc. It predominantly involves the small intestinal mucosa, though, extra luminal manifestations can also occur. One rare extraluminal manifestation is cavitatory mesenteric lymph node syndrome. It occurs in refractory celiac disease and is associated with poor prognosis due to various complications. The diagnosis is often made on imaging when cystic mesenteric lymph nodes with fat-fluid levels are seen and this can then be confirmed by histopathological examination. We recently had a typical case where we were able to make this diagnosis.
Quality of Life in School (QoLS) Questionnaire: Development and Validity
Authors: Weintraub Naomi , Bar-Haim Erez Asnat
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE. We describe the development and examination of the construct validity of the Quality of Life in School (QoLS) questionnaire for elementary-age students.

METHOD. The QoLS evolved through four phases in which we devised its items and examined its construct validity. Examination of the construct validity of the final version of the QoLS included 353 students in third through sixth grades.

RESULTS. Factor analysis identified four categories within the questionnaire’s items: student–teacher relations, school and classroom physical environment, positive feelings toward school, and negative feelings toward school. Internal consistency indicated a high correlation among the items in each of the factors. In addition, third-grade students reported significantly higher perception of school quality of life (QOL) than their older peers.

CONCLUSION. The QoLS may assist clinicians and educators in evaluating students’ school QOL from a multidimensional perspective, including the school’s physical environment, which has received little attention.
Measuring Usability of Assistive Technology From a Multicontextual Perspective: The Case of Power Wheelchairs
Authors: Arthanat Sajay , Nochajski Susan M. , Lenker James A. , Bauer Stephen M. , Wu Yow Wu B.
Published: February 2010

Assistive technology (AT) devices enable people with disabilities to function in multiple contexts and activities. The usability of such devices is fundamentally indicative of the user’s level of participation in multiple roles and occupations. Seventy people who used power wheelchairs were interviewed using a novel tool, the Usability Scale for Assistive Technology (USAT). The USAT uses a human factors science framework to investigate the wheelchair user’s perceived independence in mobility-related activities within home, workplace, community, and outdoors in accordance with the characteristics of the wheelchair, environmental factors, and abilities and skills of the user to operate the wheelchair. Descriptive analysis of the data revealed usability issues with the use of power wheelchairs in all contexts. Users confronted far more significant issues within the community and outdoor environment compared with those at home and in the workplace. These issues have been elucidated and applied to an intervention framework with relevance to a multitude of AT stakeholders.
Drivers With Dementia and Outcomes of Becoming Lost While Driving
Authors: Hunt Linda A. , Brown Alaina E. , Gilman Isaac P.
Published: February 2010

Researchers of driving and dementia have reported that drivers with early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may continue to drive for extended periods of time, as long as their driving is evaluated or monitored. The earliest symptoms of AD are known to include loss of recent memory and the inability to recognize familiar environments. In an exploratory study, we examined 207 reports of lost drivers with dementia over 10 yr reported by newspapers and media. Seventy AD drivers were not found, 32 drivers were found dead, and 116 drivers were found alive, although of those found alive, 35 people were found injured. Miles driven and days missing were also reported in some cases, in addition to cause of death (such as drowning or exposure to weather). Becoming lost may have serious consequences. Additional research is needed in this area to more clearly understand the consequences of becoming lost while driving.
Test Acceptability and Confidence Levels in Older Adults Referred for Fitness-to-Drive Evaluations
Authors: Dalchow Jami L. , Niewoehner Patricia M. , Henderson Rochelle R. , Carr David B.
Published: February 2010

In this study, we examined confidence and face validity or client acceptability of tests used in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center driving clinic. The clinic used evidence-based off-road tests and adopted the Washington University Road Test (WURT) as a performance-based on-road examination. Forty-three clients consented to participate in the study; most were male with an average age of 78.2 years (standard deviation = 12.6). In general, a trend existed toward higher client acceptability of tests adopted from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (Stern & White, 2003) and the WURT than of other off-road measures. Confidence decreased after administration of the psychometric test battery, yet it increased after the on-road evaluations despite a 47% failure rate in the sample. Additional study is needed on test acceptability because it may have the potential to increase understanding, compliance, or both with driving recommendations. Additional research is also needed to examine client confidence levels and their potential impact on performance during the driving evaluation process.
Evaluation of On-Road Driving in People With Hemianopia and Quadrantanopia
Authors: Elgin Jennifer , McGwin Gerald , Wood Joanne M. , Vaphiades Michael S. , Braswell Ronald A. , DeCarlo Dawn K. , Kline Lanning B. , Owsley Cynthia
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE. To examine whether some drivers with hemianopia or quadrantanopia display safe driving skills on the road compared with drivers with normal visual fields.

METHOD. An occupational therapist evaluated 22 people with hemianopia, 8 with quadrantanopia, and 30 with normal vision for driving skills during naturalistic driving using six rating scales.

RESULTS. Of drivers with normal vision, >90% drove flawlessly or had minor errors. Although drivers with hemianopia were more likely to receive poorer ratings for all skills, 59.1%–81.8% performed with no or minor errors. A skill commonly problematic for them was lane keeping (40.9%). Of 8 drivers with quadrantanopia, 7 (87.5%) exhibited no or minor errors.

CONCLUSION. This study of people with hemianopia or quadrantanopia with no lateral spatial neglect highlights the need to provide individual opportunities for on-road driving evaluation under natural traffic conditions if a person is motivated to return to driving after brain injury.
Driving Performance and Susceptibility to Simulator Sickness: Are They Related?
Authors: Mullen Nadia W. , Weaver Bruce , Riendeau Julie A. , Morrison Laura E. , Bédard Michel
Published: February 2010

We examined whether participants who failed to complete a simulated drive because of simulator sickness (dropouts) differed from those who completed the simulation (completers). Thirteen healthy older adult dropouts (mean age = 74.8 yr) and 12 comparable completers were compared on the following variables: on-road driving performance, the Useful Field of View® test, the Attention Network Test, and the Trail Making Test Part A. Results showed that completers scored more demerit points during the on-road drive than did dropouts. In addition, only 1 of 13 comparisons based on participants’ cognition was statistically significant. These results suggest that in healthy senior drivers, simulator sickness does not prevent examination of those who need it most (i.e., those with the poorest on-road driving performance) and that cognitive differences are not associated with dropping out because of simulator sickness.
Item Development and Validity Testing for a Self- and Proxy Report: The Safe Driving Behavior Measure
Authors: Classen Sherrilene , Winter Sandra M. , Velozo Craig A. , Bédard Michel , Lanford Desiree N. , Brumback Babette , Lutz Barbara J.
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE. We report on item development and validity testing of a self-report older adult safe driving behaviors measure (SDBM).

METHOD. On the basis of theoretical frameworks (Precede–Proceed Model of Health Promotion, Haddon’s matrix, and Michon’s model), existing driving measures, and previous research and guided by measurement theory, we developed items capturing safe driving behavior. Item development was further informed by focus groups. We established face validity using peer reviewers and content validity using expert raters.

RESULTS. Peer review indicated acceptable face validity. Initial expert rater review yielded a scale content validity index (CVI) rating of 0.78, with 44 of 60 items rated ≥0.75. Sixteen unacceptable items (≤0.5) required major revision or deletion. The next CVI scale average was 0.84, indicating acceptable content validity.

CONCLUSION. The SDBM has relevance as a self-report to rate older drivers. Future pilot testing of the SDBM comparing results with on-road testing will define criterion validity.
Attitudes and Stages of Concern of Elementary Teachers Toward Agriculture as a Context for Teaching Across Grade Level Content Area Standards
Authors: Bellah Kimberly A. , Dyer James E.
Published: February 2010

The purpose of this study was to describe elementary teachers' attitudes and perceptions toward agriculture and its use as a context for teaching across the grade level content area standards. Further, this study sought to probe more deeply the stages of concern possessed by kindergarten through eighth grade teachers with respect to their use of an agriculture awareness curriculum aligned to content area state standards. Results indicated that elementary teachers generally hold favorable attitudes toward agriculture as a viable integrating tool to teach across disciplines. Elementary teachers who reported using the curriculum were unique in their highest stage of concern, but all of the sample members recorded first or second highest stages of concern at the informational stage, thereby indicating a desire to continue gathering information related to the educational innovation. Users of the curriculum recorded the highest relative intensity in the informational and personal stages of concern and lowest intensities in the refocusing and consequence stages. Nonusers recorded the highest relative intensities in the awareness and informational stages, with lowest relative intensities in the refocusing, consequence, and collaboration stages. Recommendations for focused delivery of professional development activities were made.
A Trend Study: Technology Adoption in the Teaching-Learning Process by Secondary Agriscience Teachers-2002 and 2007
Authors: Kotrlik Joe W. , Redmann Donna H.
Published: February 2010

This study was designed to determine agriscience teachers' adoption of technology for use in instruction and to determine if their technology adoption and perceived barriers to technology adoption had changed since the 2002 benchmark study. This study was part of a larger study of technology adoption by secondary career and technical education teachers. Data were collected with a mailed questionnaire with telephone follow-up to a random sample of secondary agriscience teachers in Louisiana. Teachers have increased their technology adoption for use in instruction over the past 5 years, although they still do not have access to the technology they need to use technology fully in their instruction. They continue to perceive that moderate barriers exist that prevent them from integrating technology into their teaching, with no change over the past 5 years. Agriscience teachers were experiencing some technology. Teachers continue to use traditional sources for their technology training. The availability of technology and gender are strong predictors of the extent to which agriscience teachers had adopted technology in their teaching.
Integrating Academics into Agriculture Programs: A Delphi Study to Determine Perceptions of the National Agriscience Teacher Ambassador Academy Participants
Authors: Myers Brian E. , Thompson Gregory W.
Published: February 2010

This study investigated the perceptions of participants in the National Agriscience Teacher Ambassador Academy as to the next steps the agricultural education profession should take to move forward in the area of integrating academic subject matter into agricultural education courses. All members of the 2007 Academy participated in the study. These expert teachers identified key action items in the area of curriculum, professional development, teacher preparation program, the need for a philosophical shift, and collaboration. Through use of the Delphi technique, consensus was reached on 34 different recommendations in these five areas.
Curricular Needs of Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in Illinois Secondary Agricultural Education Programs
Authors: Pense Seburn L.
Published: February 2010

The purpose of this descriptive census survey of secondary agricultural education teachers was to describe the curricular and classroom needs of students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in their programs. The study found students with SLD make up 23% of the students enrolled in Illinois secondary agricultural education programs. Agricultural education teachers perceived resources for students with SLD as inadequate. Half of the respondents (51%) indicated a need to revise the state core curriculum for agriculture to better serve these students. Although respondents noted that students with SLD fell behind in class and caused delays for other students, they welcomed their presence in the classroom and acknowledged the importance of students with SLD to the agricultural workforce.