bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More social media friends, more life satisfaction?– why fear of missing out leads to contrary effects
Authors: Ozimek Phillip , Reimann Linda-Elisabeth , Brailovskaia Julia , Bierhoff Hans-Werner , Rohmann Elke
Published: October 2024

Fear of Missing Out is a focus of research in social sciences, especially with respect to social media use. This study examined the extent to which social media use (active and passive, respectively) elicits Fear of Missing Out due to greater perceived bridging and bonding social. In addition, the extent to which Fear of Missing Out affects feelings of stress and life satisfaction was investigated. In an online survey 1230 participants were included. Within the framework of a path model, the assumption of an indirect effect of both active and passive social media use via social capital, Fear of Missing Out, and stress on life satisfaction was confirmed. Finally, further study results as well as implications and limitations of this research are discussed.
Bacterial-like inflammatory response in children with adenovirus leads to inappropriate antibiotic use: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Moracas Cristina , Poeta Marco , Grieco Francesca , Tamborino Agnese , Moriondo Maria , Stracuzzi Marta , Diana Alfredo , Petrarca Laura , Marra Simona , Licari Amelia , Linsalata Stefano , Albano Chiara , Condemi Anna , Del Tufo Ester , Di Fraia Teresa , Punzi Liana , Ardia Eleonora , Lo Vecchio Andrea , Bruzzese Eugenia , Colomba Claudia , Giacomet Vania , Midulla Fabio , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Galli Luisa , Guarino Alfredo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare the clinical severity of Human Adenovirus (HAdV) infection with other viral diseases in a cohort of children, evaluating presentation, therapy, and outcome.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Italian children hospitalized from January to December 2023 for respiratory symptoms. The study included children with HAdV infection presenting primarily with respiratory symptoms. Patients with isolated gastrointestinal involvement or coinfection with bacteria were excluded.

Results

A total of 171 children were enrolled: 98 with HAdV infection (age 44.3 ± 37.9 months) and 73 with other viruses (age 20.4 ± 27.2 months). In the first group, 57.1% had a coinfection with one or more additional viruses. The most common symptoms were fever (89.8%), cough (73.5%) and sore throat (52%). Respiratory distress and hypoxemia were more frequent in the non-HAdV group. Children with HAdV infection demonstrated significantly higher C-reactive protein levels (50.8 ± 54.2 vs. 16.5 ± 33.8 mg/L, p < 0.001), experienced a longer duration of fever (4.9 ± 3.6 vs. 3.4 ± 2.3 days, p = 0.009) and were more likely to receive antibiotic treatment (77.6% vs. 27.4%, p < 0.001). No differences were observed in hospitalization stay, rate of complications, and ICU admission.

Conclusions

Interestingly, our data suggests that HAdV-infected children exhibit a more pronounced inflammatory response despite experiencing less severe respiratory symptoms compared to other viruses. The presence of prolonged fever and a strong inflammatory response often leads to antibiotic overuse during the initial phase, when the viral etiology is yet to be confirmed. Early and accurate identification of HAdV infection is crucial to optimize treatment strategies and minimize unnecessary antibiotic use.
Adverse childhood experiences and profiles of healthy orthorexia versus orthorexia nervosa: towards an explanatory model of orthorexia as a multidimensional eating style
Authors: Rzeszutek Marcin , Kowalkowska Joanna , Dragan Małgorzata , Schier Katarzyna , Lis-Turlejska Maja , Holas Paweł , Drabarek Katarzyna , Van Hoy Angelika , Maison Dominika , Wdowczyk Gabriela , Litwin Elżbieta , Wawrzyniak Julia , Znamirowska Wiktoria , Szumiał Szymon , Desmond Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

Background

Orthorexia is a complex phenomenon comprising distinct dimensions, including orthorexia nervosa (ON) and healthy orthorexia (HO). However, little is known about the factors influencing these dimensions, their disparities, and the psychological factors underlying orthorexia behaviours.

Objectives

This study aims to explore ON versus HO dimensions and the predictive role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a nationally representative sample of Polish individuals. In addition, we aim to investigate the mediating roles of alexithymia, embodiment, and experiential avoidance levels in this association.

Methods

A representative sample of Polish adults (n = 3557) participated in this study. Dimensions of orthorexia (HO, ON) were assessed using the Teruel Orthorexia Scale, while ACEs were evaluated using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. Levels of alexithymia were measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, experiential avoidance through the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and embodiment intensity via the Experience of Embodiment Scale.

Results

Cluster analysis identified two distinctive orthorexia profiles in the whole sample, i.e., HO (n = 469) and ON (n = 1217), alongside three intermediate HO/ON profiles (n = 1871). The number of ACEs predicted ON tendencies as opposed to HO behaviours in participants. The mediating role of alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and embodiment in the association between ACEs and ON was also observed.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that orthorexia is a multidimensional eating style shaped by socio-cultural factors. Adverse childhood experiences may be related to ON behaviours by mediating psychological factors such as experiential avoidance, alexithymia, and embodiment. Effective education and collaborative support are necessary for addressing ON tendencies.
A modified self-adaptive inertial tseng algorithm for solving a quasimonotone variational inequality and fixed point problems in real hilbert space
Authors: Aremu Kazeem Olalekan , Mona Muhammed Ibrahim , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: October 2024

In this research, a modified self-adaptive inertial Tseng algorithm for solving a quasimonotone variational inequality and fixed point problems in real Hilbert spaces was introduced. Boundedness and strong convergence of the sequence generated by the algorithm proposed were established under some convenient conditions. The outcome of the algorithm shows improvement on various algorithms earlier proposed. Finally, a numerical example was given to show the reliability and efficiency of the algorithm.
Animal affect, welfare and the Bayesian brain
Authors: Lecorps Benjamin , Weary Daniel
Published: October 2024

According to the Bayesian brain hypothesis, the brain can be viewed as a predictive machine, such that predictions (or expectations) affect how sensory inputs are integrated. This means that in many cases, affective responses may depend more on the subject’s perception of the experience (driven by expectations built on past experiences) rather than on the situation itself. Little research to date has applied this concept to affective states in animals. The aim of this paper is to explore how the Bayesian brain hypothesis can be used to understand the affective experiences of animals and to develop a basis for novel predictions regarding animal welfare. Drawing from the literature illustrating how predictive processes are important to human well-being, and are often impaired in affective disorders, we explore whether the Bayesian brain theories may help understanding animals’ affective responses and whether deficits in predictive processes may lead to previously unconsidered welfare consequences. We conclude that considering animals as predictive entities can improve our understanding of their affective responses, with implications for basic research and for how to provide animals a better life.
Misperception of maternal COVID-19 test status as a barrier to recruitment for an observational cohort study of mother–preterm infant dyads
Authors: Smazal Anne L. , Almgren-Bell Alison E. , Silverglade Jonah M. , Bonner Lauren B. , Dozier Ann , Van Horn Linda , Josefson Jami , Robinson Daniel T.
Published: October 2024

Enrollment into a prospective cohort study of mother–preterm infant dyads during the COVID-19 pandemic progressed slower than anticipated. Enrollment occurred during the first week after preterm birth, while infants were still hospitalized. We hypothesized that slower enrollment was attributable to mothers testing positive for COVID-19 as hospital policies restricted them from entering the neonatal intensive care unit, thus reducing interactions with research staff. However, only 4.5% of 245 screened mothers tested COVID-19 positive. Only 24.9% of those screened, far fewer than anticipated, were eligible for enrollment. Assumptions about pandemic-related enrollment barriers were not substantiated in this pediatric cohort.
ADP-ribose hydrolases: biological functions and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Wang Jingpeng , Wang Zhao-Qi , Zong Wen
Published: October 2024

ADP-ribosylation (ADPRylation), which encompasses poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, is an important post-translational modification catalysed by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzyme superfamily. The process involves writers (PARPs) and erasers (ADP-ribose hydrolases), which work together to precisely regulate diverse cellular and molecular responses. Although the PARP-mediated synthesis of ADP-ribose (ADPr) has been well studied, ADPr degradation by degrading enzymes deserves further investigation. Nonetheless, recent studies have provided important new insights into the biology and functions of ADPr hydrolases. Notably, research has illuminated the significance of the poly(ADP-ribose) degradation pathway and its activation by the coordinated actions of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase and other ADPr hydrolases, which have been identified as key components of ADPRylation signalling networks. The degradation pathway has been proposed to play crucial roles in key cellular processes, such as DNA damage repair, chromatin dynamics, transcriptional regulation and cell death. A deep understanding of these ADPr erasing enzymes provides insights into the biological roles of ADPRylation in human health and disease aetiology and paves the road for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review article provides a summary of current knowledge about the biochemical and molecular functions of ADPr erasers and their physiological implications in human pathology.
Environmental degradation, eco-anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms among Palestinian adults: The mediating role of coping strategies
Authors: Bdier Dana , Veronese Guido , Mahamid Fayez
Published: October 2024

The current study aimed to test the association between environmental degradation, eco-anxiety and post-traumatic symptoms, and whether coping strategies mediate the association between these variables among a sample of Palestinian adults. The sample of our study consisted of 554 Palestinian adults, of whom 392 identified as female and 162 as male. Participants’ age ranged from 19 to 54 years old (M = 35.8, SD = 12.31). They were all recruited from online advertisements, e-mail campaigns and social media. The findings of our study revealed that post-traumatic stress symptoms positively correlated with environmental degradation, eco-anxiety and avoidant coping and negatively correlated with problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that coping strategies mediated the association between environmental degradation, echo-anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The findings of our study emphasize the need for tailored psychological support and coping strategies for individuals experiencing eco-anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the face of environmental challenges.
On the reduction of flow rate losses using thermal waves
Authors: Hossain M.Z. , Floryan J.M.
Published: October 2024

Flow resistance reduction, quantified as a change in flow rate with respect to a reference isothermal flow driven by the same pressure gradient, is realizable in a channel flow using a thermal wave applied on the bounding wall. Countercurrent waves provide a resistance-reducing effect at any wave velocity, Reynolds number and wavenumber considered. Cocurrent waves can reduce resistance only if the wave velocity is lower than a certain threshold, and the Reynolds number is larger than a certain threshold, otherwise, such waves increase resistance. The increase of the wave amplitude increases resistance reduction and resistance increase up to a specific limit. It is possible to reduce resistance up to 20 times compared with the isothermal channel using proper waves. It is shown that the same effect is achieved regardless of the waves applied at the upper and lower walls. The wave-modified flows are shown to be stable for the conditions used in this study.
Menu provision in a young offenders institution, comparison with dietary guidelines, and previous menu allocation: a cross-sectional nutritional analysis
Authors: Poulter Matthew , Coe Shelly , Graham Catherine Anna-Marie , Leach Bethan , Tammam Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess and comparatively analyse two menus from a Young Offenders Institution (YOI). One menu from 2019, and one from 2022, with the objective of identifying any improvements in meeting dietary guidelines. Design: Cross-sectional and comparative analysis. Setting: United Kingdom, a YOI in Northern England. Participants: YOI Menus. Results: Analysis of 30 dietary components identified that 25 exceeded the dietary guidelines (P < 0.05) for the 2022 menu, with five failing to meet the guidelines (P < 0.05). When compared to the 2019 menu, the 2022 menu showed improvements in saturated fat, sodium, and vitamin D. Despite the improvement, vitamin D levels remained below dietary guidelines (P < 0.01). Salt and energy content were reduced in the 2022 menu (P < 0.05); however, they were still above the dietary guidelines (P < 0.01). Free sugars were significantly above dietary guidelines for both menus, with no significant change between the 2019 and 2022 menu (P = 0.12). Conclusion: The 2022 menu has demonstrated progress in alignment with meeting dietary guidelines, particularly in reducing calories, fat, saturated fat, salt, sodium, and chloride, as well as increasing vitamin D. Despite improvements, calories, free sugars, salt, saturated fat, sodium, and chloride are still exceeding dietary guidelines, posing as potential health risks.
Caveat emptor!—wiggle-matching European wood samples (AD 46–AD 286)
Authors: Bayliss Alex , Brown David , Dee Michael , Marshall Peter , Wacker Lukas
Published: October 2024

This study suggests that there may be considerable difficulties in providing accurate calendar age estimates in the Roman period in Europe, between ca. AD 60 and ca. AD 230, using the radiocarbon calibration datasets that are currently available. Incorporating the potential for systematic offsets between the measured data and the calibration curve using the ΔR approach suggested by Hogg et al. (2019), only marginally mitigates the biases in calendar date estimates observed. At present, it clearly behoves researchers in this period to “caveat emptor” and validate the accuracy of their calibrated radiocarbon dates and chronological models against other sources of dating information.
What Leads to Voting Despite Intention to Abstain?: Emotions, Turnout, and Negative Campaigns in Turkish Elections
Authors: Ugur-Cinar Meral , Ince Tugce
Published: October 2024

This article sheds light on the factors that pave the way from voter abstention to voter turnout based on extensive research of tweets on national and local elections in Turkey. We find that the negative campaign strategy of the incumbent and the fact that the campaigning process has taken place on a very uneven playing field have triggered a set of emotions, primarily moral outrage and anger among the electorate, which have the power to change voting patterns in a significant way. The effect of negative campaigning on expressive voting was further enhanced by the pulling effect of the candidates and their public supporters and endorsements. We found that other, competing explanations of political outcomes are secondary to the mechanisms above.
ON NONINNER AUTOMORPHISMS OF SOME FINITE P-GROUPS
Authors: SINGH SANDEEP , GARG ROHIT , KALRA HEMANT
Published: October 2024

We settle the noninner automorphism conjecture for finite p-groups (

$p> 2$

) with certain conditions. Also, we give an elementary and short proof of the main result of Ghoraishi [‘On noninner automorphisms of finite nonabelian p-groups’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.89(2) (2014) 202–209].
ROMAN URBANISM IN ITALY: EXPLORING NEW AND TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
Authors: Simelius Samuli
Published: October 2024

After reading these volumes one can hardly conclude otherwise than that the study of urban space in Roman Italy is thriving. These large volumes, collectively exceeding 1,800 pages and comprising 86 chapters/articles (in addition to supplementary materials), include contributions in four languages – though, perhaps surprisingly, none contain contributions in German. The array of contributors suggests that even more modern languages could have been included, if desired. The authors range from early career scholars to renowned professors.
The Fight for Eternity in Paul Tillich's First World War Sermons
Authors: BIRKLER MARGRETHE K.
Published: October 2024

This article analyses a selection of archival material written by Paul Tillich, particularly his early parish sermons and sermons from World War I. Although the themes of ‘eternity’ and ‘the soul’ are rare in the early parish sermons and only appear in the context of death or suffering, they play a predominant role in the World War I sermons. This article suggests that this is because, for Tillich, suffering became the interpretative key. Through his sermons amidst the suffering and devastation of war Tillich employed what he called the immanent way of theology.
Structure and dynamics of magneto-inertial, differentially rotating laboratory plasmas
Authors: Valenzuela-Villaseca V. , Suttle L.G. , Suzuki-Vidal F. , Halliday J.W.D. , Russell D.R. , Merlini S. , Tubman E.R. , Hare J.D. , Chittenden J.P. , Koepke M.E. , Blackman E.G. , Lebedev S.V.
Published: October 2024

We present a detailed characterization of the structure and evolution of differentially rotating plasmas driven on the MAGPIE pulsed-power generator (1.4 MA peak current, 240 ns rise time). The experiments were designed to simulate physics relevant to accretion discs and jets on laboratory scales. A cylindrical aluminium wire array Z pinch enclosed by return posts with an overall azimuthal off-set angle was driven to produce ablation plasma flows that propagate inwards in a slightly off-radial trajectory, injecting mass, angular momentum and confining ram pressure to a rotating plasma column on the axis. However, the plasma is free to expand axially, forming a collimated, differentially rotating axial jet that propagates at

${\approx }100\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$

. The density profile of the jet corresponds to a dense shell surrounding a low-density core, which is consistent with the centrifugal barrier effect being sustained along the jet's propagation. We show analytically that, as the rotating plasma accretes mass, conservation of mass and momentum implies plasma radial growth scaling as

$r \propto t^{1/3}$

. As the characteristic moment of inertia increases, the rotation velocity is predicted to decrease and settle on a characteristic value

${\approx }20\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$

. We find that both predictions are in agreement with Thomson scattering and optical self-emission imaging measurements.
The Mystical Body in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Raven Etienne
Published: October 2024

Christian thought is not only permeated by the crossit is dominated by it. The cross, in fact, is no mere symbol of religious belief, but a constant reality: it is the sign of triumph, the sign of redemption, and its tremendous implications are not restricted to an historic moment in time. That is to say, the redemption was not a process accomplished at Calvary, without any further relevance in the everyday existence of mankind. On the contrary, the process of redemption is continually manifested in all the activities of the mystical body, Christ's Church.

This is often overlooked by the faithful who constitute the Church. We are prone to underestimate our riches and our potentialities; we tend to seclude ourselves in spiritual catacombs, fearful of identifying ourselves with the events of the world at large.

In this respect, the true significance of the cross is lost to us.
Cheshire Homes
Authors: Phipps Frances
Published: October 2024

What a distance there is between the words ‘works of mercy’ and that irritating slogan of prosperity, ‘We've never had it so good'.

It is the distance between the good Samaritan and the welfare state.

Perhaps it is true that people in England are being better cared for than ever before. It is comfortable to believe that most of the natural tragedies of humanity—sickness, old age, incurable disabilities—come under some heading or other in health services or charitable organizations, and that everyone is taken care of ‘from the cradle to the grave'. We only have to look a very little way under the surface and behind the scenes to know that it is not true.

It is a sad fact that all round us are numbers of men, women and children, chronically sick, or dying slowly of incurable disease, or so severely and permanently disabled that it is not possible for them to live anywhere but in the ‘chronic’ wards of hospitals, where their very beds are often needed for more curable patients.
What Can Be Done
Authors: Webb John
Published: October 2024

I Write this article as a very ordinary Catholic layman. A schoolmaster whose work very definitely does not finish at four o'clock, father of four children not yet in their teens, an active member of various professional and Catholic organizations, the only handyman, painter and decorator about the house, I am pretty busy. But I feel very strongly that once family and professional obligations have been fulfilled, the performance of works of Christian charity is my most important duty.

It was as an undergraduate at Oxford after the war that I was persuaded by Catholic friends to join in works of charity. Like many others, we made a special effort to heal some of the wounds of war. We tried to become the genuine friends and tactful helpers of Polish students and German prisoners of war. We collected and despatched food and clothing to refugees and to Germany. Then a Dominican introduced us to the normal charitable work which can—and should—be performed in the ordinary Catholic parish.
Review of the facilitators and barriers to adoption of biofortified foods and food products
Authors: Huey Samantha L. , Islam Saiful , Mehta Neel H. , Konieczynski Elsa M. , Friesen Valerie M. , Krisher Jesse T. , Mbuya Mduduzi N. N. , Monterrosa Eva C. , Nyangaresi Annette M. , Mehta Saurabh
Published: October 2024

Biofortification – the process of increasing the concentrations of essential nutrients in staple crops – is a means of addressing the burden of micronutrient deficiencies at a population level via existing food systems, such as smallholder farms. To realise its potential for global impact, we need to understand the factors that are associated with decisions to adopt biofortified crops and food products. We searched the literature to identify adoption determinants, i.e. barriers to (factors negatively associated) or facilitators of (factors positively associated) adoption, of biofortified crops and food products. We found 41 studies reporting facilitator(s) and/or barrier(s) of adoption. We categorised the factors using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research 2.0, resulting in a set of factors that enable or constrain adoption of biofortified foods across twenty-four constructs and five domains of this meta-theoretical determinant framework from implementation science. Facilitators of orange sweet potato adoption included knowledge about importance, relative advantage, efficient production and management practices; barriers included lacking timely access to quality vines and market remoteness (28 studies total). Facilitators of vitamin A cassava adoption included awareness of its benefits and access to information; barriers included poor road networks and scarcity of improved technology including inadequate processing/storage facilities (8). Facilitators of high-iron bean adoption included farmers’ networking and high farming experience; barriers included low knowledge of bean biofortification (8). Barriers to vitamin A maize adoption included low awareness and concerns regarding yield, texture and aflatoxin contamination (1). These barriers and facilitators may be a starting point for researchers to move towards testing implementation strategies and/or for policymakers to consider before planning scale-up and continuous optimisation of ongoing projects promoting adoption of biofortified crops and food products.
Promoting responsive care and early learning practices among caregivers of children 0–23 months in the Kyrgyz Republic: findings from integrating a counselling intervention with nutrition services
Authors: Oot Lesley , Varela Veronica , Abdimitalipova Cholpon , Nisingizwe Marie Paul , Cashin Kristen , Zhumgalbekova Begimai , Torres Kelsey , Uyehara Malia , Beck Kathryn , Williams Tim , Abazbekova Nazgul , Bozova Saikalbubu , Umurzakova Cholponai , Yourkavitch Jennifer , Karnati Romilla , Kirk Catherine
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To assess changes in caregiver practices for young children after integrating the Responsive Care and Early Learning (RCEL) Addendum package into nutrition services after 10 months of implementation.

Design:

We measured changes in RCEL practices through a pre- and post-intervention assessment comprising a household survey and observations. To implement the intervention, we trained health service staff and community volunteers to deliver RCEL counselling to caregivers of children 0–23 months of age through existing community and facility-level platforms.

Setting:

Jalal-Abad and Batken regions in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Participants:

Caregivers of children aged 0–23 months at baseline.

Results:

We found statistically significant increases in RCEL practices, availability of early learning opportunities in the home, decreases in parenting stress and improvements in complementary feeding practices after the intervention implementation period.

Conclusions:

Findings show that delivery of RCEL counselling using the RCEL Addendum was associated with improved responsive care practices and early learning opportunities. We also found that integration of RCEL with infant and young child feeding counselling did not disrupt nutrition service delivery or negatively affect complementary feeding outcomes, but rather suggest synergistic benefits. Given the importance of providing holistic care to support optimal early childhood development, these findings provide new evidence on how to strengthen the delivery of nurturing care services in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Impact of reduced rates of tiafenacil at vegetative growth stages on soybean growth and yield
Authors: Miller Donnie K. , Bond Jason A. , Butts Thomas R. , Steckel Lawrence E. , Stephenson Daniel O. , Kouame Koffi Badou-Jeremie
Published: October 2024

Tiafenacil is a new non-selective protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide with both grass and broadleaf activity labeled for preplant application to corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Early-season soybean emergence and growth often coincide in the U.S. Midsouth with preplant herbicide application in later-planted cotton and soybean, thereby increasing opportunity for off-target herbicide movement from adjacent fields. Field studies were conducted in 2022 to identify any deleterious impacts of reduced rates of tiafenacil (12.5% to 0.4% of the lowest labeled application rate of 24.64 g ai ha−1) applied to 1- to 2-leaf soybean. Visual injury at 1 wk after treatment (WAT) with 1/8×, 1/16×, 1/32×, and 1/64× rate of tiafenacil was 80%, 61%, 39%, and 21%, while at 4 WAT, these respective rates resulted in visual injury of 67%, 33%, 14%, and 4%. Tiafenacil at these respective rates reduced soybean height 55% to 2% and 53% to 5% at 1 and 4 WAT and soybean yield 53%, 24%, 5%, and 1%. Application of tiafenacil directly adjacent to soybean in early vegetative growth should be avoided, as severe visual injury will occur. In cases where off-target movement does occur, impacted soybean should not be expected to fully recover, and negative impact on growth and yield will be observed.
Effect of postemergence applications of aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, 2,4-D, and dicamba on non–auxin resistant soybean
Authors: Mueller Thomas C. , Clark Trey I. , Vargas Jose J. , Steckel Lawrence E.
Published: October 2024

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that lack resistance to auxin herbicides [i.e., not genetically modified for resistance] have well-documented responses to those particular herbicides, with yield loss being probable. When a soybean field is injured by auxin herbicides, regulatory authorities often collect a plant sample from that field. This research attempted to simulate soybean exposures due to accidental mixing of incorrect herbicides, tank contamination, or particle drift. This research examined whether analytical testing of herbicide residues on soybean to aminocyclopyrachlor (ACP), aminopyralid, 2,4-D, or dicamba would be related to the visual observations and yield responses from these herbicides. ACP and aminopyralid were applied to R1 soybean at 0.1, 1, and 10 g ae ha−1; 2,4-D and dicamba were applied at 1, 10, and 100 g ae ha−1. Visual evaluations and plant sample collections were undertaken at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment (DAT), and yield was measured. The conservative limits of detection for the four herbicides in this project were 5, 10, 5, and 5 ng g−1 fresh weight of soybean for ACP, aminopyralid, 2,4-D, and dicamba, respectively. Many of the plant samples were non-detects, especially at lower application dosages. All herbicide concentrations rapidly declined soon after application, and many reached nondetectable limits by 14 DAT. All herbicide treatments caused soybean injury, although the response to 2,4-D was markedly lower than the responses to the other three herbicides. There was no apparent correlation between herbicide concentrations (which were declining over time) and the observed soybean injury (which was increasing over time or staying the same). This research indicated that plant samples should be collected as soon as possible after soybean exposure to auxin herbicides.
Do People Answer Honestly When Asked About a No Honest Behavior?
Authors: Chiesi Francesca , Marunic Georgia , Tagliaferro Carlotta , Bruno Francesco , Saklofske Donald , Lau Chloe
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Recently assessment of bullshitting has gained considerable interest. However, self-report measures of bullshitting are at risk of socially desirability (SD) responding because people are questioned about a sensitive and personal topic (i.e., their tendency to embellish or modify the truth to portray themselves positively). This study aims to identify the impact of SD on the Bullshitting Frequency Scale (BSF) to ensure that the scale can provide sound measures. Italian ( N = 298, 69.80% female) and English participants ( N = 301, 72.76% female) were recruited. To overcome some limitations of the classical procedures used to deal with SD, factor analysis was employed to identify and control this response bias. At the same time, the validation of the Italian version of the BSF (BSF-I) was conducted to provide evidence that the scale maintains its psychometric properties once translated into Italian. Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale and factor loadings indicated a minimal impact of SD. Multidimensional IRT showed moderate to excellent MDISC values and strong conditional reliability. Multigroup CFA indicated strict invariance across genders and metric invariance across Italian and English versions. The BSF-I showed sound psychometric properties and these findings suggest that people answer honestly when asked about bullshitting.
Surface Warming Constraint Projects Less Permafrost Thawing in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhou Tianjun , Cao Bin
Published: October 2024

Reliable projections of permafrost change are crucial for estimating permafrost carbon loss. However, potential model biases in surface air temperature may yield unrealistic projections of future permafrost area. Here, by leveraging the emergent relationship between equilibrium climate sensitivity and projected changes in mean annual air temperature over High Mountain Asia (HMA), we mitigate the overestimated local warming rates and excessive thawing of permafrost associated with the “hot model” problem in models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6. After constraint, permafrost area over HMA will reduce by 37%, 64% and 99% in 2081–2100 relative to present‐day under the SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, respectively. In contrast, the unconstrained projections tend to overestimate the loss of permafrost area by nearly 10% under the low and mid‐emission scenarios due to the overestimation of local warming rates. These findings are crucial for policymaking and provide valuable insights into global permafrost projection.
Deep learning with photonic neural cellular automata
Authors: Li Gordon H. Y. , Leefmans Christian R. , Williams James , Gray Robert M. , Parto Midya , Marandi Alireza
Published: October 2024

Rapid advancements in deep learning over the past decade have fueled an insatiable demand for efficient and scalable hardware. Photonics offers a promising solution by leveraging the unique properties of light. However, conventional neural network architectures, which typically require dense programmable connections, pose several practical challenges for photonic realizations. To overcome these limitations, we propose and experimentally demonstrate Photonic Neural Cellular Automata (PNCA) for photonic deep learning with sparse connectivity. PNCA harnesses the speed and interconnectivity of photonics, as well as the self-organizing nature of cellular automata through local interactions to achieve robust, reliable, and efficient processing. We utilize linear light interference and parametric nonlinear optics for all-optical computations in a time-multiplexed photonic network to experimentally perform self-organized image classification. We demonstrate binary (two-class) classification of images using as few as 3 programmable photonic parameters, achieving high experimental accuracy with the ability to also recognize out-of-distribution data. The proposed PNCA approach can be adapted to a wide range of existing photonic hardware and provides a compelling alternative to conventional photonic neural networks by maximizing the advantages of light-based computing whilst mitigating their practical challenges. Our results showcase the potential of PNCA in advancing photonic deep learning and highlights a path for next-generation photonic computers.
Cacna1c deficiency in forebrain glutamatergic neurons alters behavior and hippocampal plasticity in female mice
Authors: Loganathan Srivaishnavi , Menegaz Danusa , Delling Jan Philipp , Eder Matthias , Deussing Jan M.
Published: October 2024

CACNA1C, coding for the α1 subunit of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC) Cav1.2, has been associated with multiple psychiatric disorders. Clinical studies have revealed alterations in behavior as well as in brain structure and function in CACNA1C risk allele carriers. These findings are supported by rodent models of Cav1.2 deficiency, which showed increased anxiety, cognitive and social impairments as well as a shift towards active stress-coping strategies. These behavioral alterations were accompanied by functional deficits, such as reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) and an excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance. However, these preclinical studies are largely limited to male rodents, with few studies exploring sex-specific effects. Here, we investigated the effects of Cav1.2 deficiency in forebrain glutamatergic neurons in female conditional knockout (CKO) mice. CKO mice exhibited hyperlocomotion in a novel environment, increased anxiety-related behavior, cognitive deficits, and increased active stress-coping behavior. These behavioral alterations were neither influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle nor by the Nex/Neurod6 haploinsufficiency or Cre expression, which are intrinsically tied to the utilization of the Nex-Cre driver line for conditional inactivation of Cacna1c. In the hippocampus, Cav1.2 inactivation enhanced presynaptic paired-pulse facilitation without altering postsynaptic LTP at CA3-CA1 synapses. In addition, CA1 pyramidal neurons of female CKO mice displayed a reduction in dendritic complexity and spine density. Taken together, our findings extend the existing knowledge suggesting Cav1.2-dependent structural and functional alterations as possible mechanisms for the behavioral alterations observed in female Cav1.2-Nex mice.
FTO/IGF2BP2-mediated N6 methyladenosine modification in invasion and metastasis of thyroid carcinoma via CDH12
Authors: Chen Zuyao , Zhong Xiaolin , Xia Min , Liu Chang , Tang Weiqiang , Liu Gaohua , Yi Yan , Guo Yinping , Jiang Qingshan , Zu Xuyu , Zhong Jing
Published: October 2024

Epigenetic reprogramming plays a critical role in cancer progression of cancer, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common RNA modification in eukaryotes. The purpose of this study was to explore the related modification mode of m6A regulator construction and evaluate the invasion and migration of thyroid cancer. Our results showed that m6A levels were significantly increased in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) samples, which may have been induced by the down-regulation of demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO). Moreover, FTO inhibited PTC and ATC invasion and metastasis through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, an m6A-mRNA epitranscriptomic microarray showed that Cadherin 12 (CDH12) is the key target gene mediated by FTO in an m6A-dependent manner. CDH12 promotes invasion and metastasis through the EMT pathway in thyroid cancer, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) is an important m6A reading protein, that regulates the stability of CDH12 mRNA and mediates EMT progression, thereby promoting the invasion and metastasis of PTC and ATC. Thus, FTO, IGF2BP2 and CDH12 may be effective therapeutic targets for PTC and ATC with significant invasion or distant metastasis.
The Scanning CONfoCal Ophthalmoscopy foR DIAbetic eye screening (CONCORDIA) study paper 1
Authors: Scanlon Peter H. , Gruszka-Goh Marta , Javed Ushna , Vukic Anthony , Hapeshi Julie , Chave Steve , Galsworthy Paul , Vallance Scott , Aldington Stephen J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

This project was to determine the performance of the Zeiss Clarus 700 (Clarus) and the Optos California (Optos) with staged mydriasis in a Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP).

Methods

Trial participants were recruited from people attending appointments in DESP or Virtual Eye clinics for delayed hospital appointments. Non-mydriatic photographs from the Clarus and Optos cameras were compared to 2-field 45 degrees mydriatic digital photography (the reference standard) and mydriatic photographs compared if the non-mydriatic photos were unassessable (staged mydriasis).

Results

1573 patients were recruited. 76 individuals were withdrawn, leaving 1497 individuals (2993 eyes). For the Clarus and the Optos, the sensitivity for any retinopathy were 94.2% (95% CI: 92.9–95.3%) and 91.9% (95% CI: 90.5–93.2%) with specificities of 87.3% (95% CI: 85.4–89.0%) and 78.1% (95% CI: 75.7–80.3%) respectively. For referable DR the sensitivities for the Clarus and Optos were 86.0% (95% CI: 82.9–88.8%) and 77.6% (95% CI: 73.9–80.9%) with specificities of 92.8% (95% CI: 91.7–93.8%) and 95.4% (95% CI: 94.5–96.2%) respectively. The Clarus and Optos without mydriasis produced 100 (3.3%) and 152 (5.1%) unassessable eyes respectively, and after staged mydriasis 51 (1.7%) and 102 (3.4%) respectively with 52 (1.7%) reference standard images unassessable.

Conclusions

This study reports the performance of the Clarus and the Optos using staged mydriasis in DR screening with wider fields detecting more referable retinopathy peripherally with some reduction in sensitivity centrally for macular lesions.
Treatment regimens for optimising outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Teo Kelvin Yi Chong , Eldem Bora , Joussen Antonia , Koh Adrian , Korobelnik Jean-François , Li Xiaoxin , Loewenstein Anat , Lövestam-Adrian Monica , Navarro Rafael , Okada Annabelle A. , Pearce Ian , Rodríguez Francisco , Wong David , Wu Lihteh , Zur Dinah , Zarranz-Ventura Javier , Mitchell Paul , Chaudhary Varun , Lanzetta Paolo
Published: October 2024

Practice patterns for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have evolved from the landmark registration trials of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. Non-monthly regimens like treat-and-extend (T&E) have become popular due to their effectiveness in clinical practice. T&E regimens attempt to limit the burden of visits and treatments by allowing progressively longer treatment intervals, but in so doing, are potentially associated with the expense of treating quiescent disease. This is acceptable to many patients and their ophthalmologists but can still be problematic in the real-world. Recent studies have further refined the T&E approach by allowing for quicker and longer extension of treatment intervals when less severe disease is detected. With newer drugs offering increased durability, a shift to longer regular intervals may emerge as a new practice pattern for VEGF inhibitor therapy. This review aims to consolidate the current literature on the most effective treatment patterns and update treatment guidelines based on options that are now available. It also summarises new aspects of nAMD management that may help to further refine current practice.
Evaluating the use of large language models to provide clinical recommendations in the Emergency Department
Authors: Williams Christopher Y. K. , Miao Brenda Y. , Kornblith Aaron E. , Butte Atul J.
Published: October 2024

The release of GPT-4 and other large language models (LLMs) has the potential to transform healthcare. However, existing research evaluating LLM performance on real-world clinical notes is limited. Here, we conduct a highly-powered study to determine whether LLMs can provide clinical recommendations for three tasks (admission status, radiological investigation(s) request status, and antibiotic prescription status) using clinical notes from the Emergency Department. We randomly selected 10,000 Emergency Department visits to evaluate the accuracy of zero-shot, GPT-3.5-turbo- and GPT-4-turbo-generated clinical recommendations across four different prompting strategies. We found that both GPT-4-turbo and GPT-3.5-turbo performed poorly compared to a resident physician, with accuracy scores 8% and 24%, respectively, lower than physician on average. Both LLMs tended to be overly cautious in its recommendations, with high sensitivity at the cost of specificity. Our findings demonstrate that, while early evaluations of the clinical use of LLMs are promising, LLM performance must be significantly improved before their deployment as decision support systems for clinical recommendations and other complex tasks.
Lightning-induced relativistic electron precipitation from the inner radiation belt
Authors: Feinland Max , Blum Lauren W. , Marshall Robert A. , Gan Longzhi , Shumko Mykhaylo , Looper Mark
Published: October 2024

The Earth’s radiation belts are maintained by a number of acceleration, loss and transport mechanisms, and the electron fluxes at any given time are highly variable. Microbursts, which are rapid (sub-second) bursts of energetic electrons entering the atmosphere from the magnetosphere, are one of the key loss mechanisms controlling radiation belt fluxes. Such rapid bursts are typically observed from the outer radiation belt and driven by interactions with whistler mode chorus waves, but they can also occur in the inner belt and slot region, driven by lightning-generated whistlers. This lightning-induced electron precipitation is typically observed at 10s–100s keV, but here we present direct observations of this phenomenon at MeV energies. This unveils a coupling between near-Earth processes, such as lightning, and radiation belt processes, such as relativistic electron microbursts, bridging the gap between Earth weather and space weather.
Rapid species-level metagenome profiling and containment estimation with sylph
Authors: Shaw Jim , Yu Yun William
Published: October 2024

Profiling metagenomes against databases allows for the detection and quantification of microorganisms, even at low abundances where assembly is not possible. We introduce sylph, a species-level metagenome profiler that estimates genome-to-metagenome containment average nucleotide identity (ANI) through zero-inflated Poisson k-mer statistics, enabling ANI-based taxa detection. On the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation II (CAMI2) Marine dataset, sylph was the most accurate profiling method of seven tested. For multisample profiling, sylph took >10-fold less central processing unit time compared to Kraken2 and used 30-fold less memory. Sylph’s ANI estimates provided an orthogonal signal to abundance, allowing for an ANI-based metagenome-wide association study for Parkinson disease (PD) against 289,232 genomes while confirming known butyrate–PD associations at the strain level. Sylph took <1 min and 16 GB of random-access memory to profile metagenomes against 85,205 prokaryotic and 2,917,516 viral genomes, detecting 30-fold more viral sequences in the human gut compared to RefSeq. Sylph offers precise, efficient profiling with accurate containment ANI estimation even for low-coverage genomes.
Cytokine profiles and their correlation with clinical and blood parameters in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Duarte-Delgado Nancy Paola , Segura Katherine , Gómez Oscar , Pulido Sandra , Tovar-Sánchez Catherin , Bello-Gualtero J. M. , Fernández-Ávila Daniel G. , Amado-Garzón Sandra B. , Romero-Sanchez Consuelo , Cacciatore Stefano , Rodríguez C. Luz-Stella
Published: October 2024

The abnormal biological activity of cytokines and their imbalance are implicated in developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cytokine levels were measured in RA and SLE patients and compared to healthy controls using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal–Wallis test. The relationship between cytokine levels and blood and clinical parameters was assessed using Spearman's correlation test. Compared to healthy controls, both RA and SLE patients exhibited elevated levels of GM-CSF, CX3CL1, IFN-α2, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, which is evidence of their shared inflammatory signature. IL-2 levels were elevated exclusively in RA patients, while MCP-1 and IL-10 were uniquely increased in SLE patients. Notably, TNF-α showed the most significant increase in SLE patients. IL-4 was elevated in SLE patients with nephritis, correlating with IL-6, IL-10, sCD40L, and IL-8, suggesting B cell involvement in lupus nephritis. The negative correlation between CX3CL1 and TNF-α with HDL in RA and SLE respectively, highlights the potential association of these inflammatory markers with cardiovascular risk. These findings underscore the complex cytokine interplay in RA and SLE. CX3CL1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for RA, while TNF-α and IL-4 show promise as therapeutic targets for SLE.