bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semi-Lagrangian transport of oxygen isotopes in polythermal ice sheets: implementation and first results
Authors: Goelles T. , Grosfeld K. , Lohmann G.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Modelling the evolution of the Earth system on long timescales requires the knowledge and understanding of driving mechanisms, such as the hydrological cycle. This is dominant in all components of the Earth's system, such as atmosphere, ocean, land surfaces/vegetation and the cryosphere. Observations and measurements of stable water isotopes in climate archives can help to decipher and reconstruct climate change and its regional variations. For the cryosphere, the δ18O cycle in the current generation of Earth system models is missing and an efficient and accurate tracer transport scheme is required. We describe ISOPOLIS 1.0, a modular semi-Lagrangian transport scheme of second-order accuracy, which is coupled to the polythermal and thermomechanical ice sheet model SICOPOLIS (version 2.9). Model skill is demonstrated by experiments with a simplified ice sheet geometry and by comparisons of simulated ice cores with data from Greenland (GRIP) and Antarctica (Vostok). The presented method is a valuable tool to investigate the transport of any kind of passive tracer inside the cold ice part of a polythermal ice sheet and is an important step to model the whole δ18O cycle.
The KULTURisk Regional Risk Assessment methodology for water-related natural hazards – Part 2: Application to the Zurich case study
Authors: Ronco P. , Bullo M. , Torresan S. , Critto A. , Olschewski R. , Zappa M. , Marcomini A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The main objective of the paper is the application of the KULTURisk Regional Risk Assessment (KR-RRA) methodology, presented in the companion paper (Part 1, Ronco et al., 2014), to the Sihl River valley, in Switzerland. Through a tuning process of the methodology to the site-specific context and features, flood related risks have been assessed for different receptors lying on the Sihl River valley including the city of Zurich, which represents a typical case of river flooding in urban area. After characterizing the peculiarities of the specific case study, risk maps have been developed under a 300 years return period scenario (selected as baseline) for six identified relevant targets, exposed to flood risk in the Sihl valley, namely: people, economic activities (including buildings, infrastructures and agriculture), natural and semi-natural systems and cultural heritage. Finally, the total risk index map, which allows to identify and rank areas and hotspots at risk by means of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis tools, has been produced to visualize the spatial pattern of flood risk within the area of study. By means of a tailored participative approach, the total risk maps supplement the consideration of technical experts with the (essential) point of view of the relevant stakeholders for the appraisal of the specific scores and weights related to the receptor-relative risks. The total risk maps obtained for the Sihl River case study are associated with the lower classes of risk. In general, higher relative risks are concentrated in the deeply urbanized area within and around the Zurich city centre and areas that rely just behind to the Sihl River course. Here, forecasted injuries and potential fatalities are mainly due to high population density and high presence of old (vulnerable) people; inundated buildings are mainly classified as continuous and discontinuous urban fabric; flooded roads, pathways and railways, the majority of them referring to the Zurich main train station (Hauptbahnhof), are at high risk of inundation, causing huge indirect damages. The analysis of flood risk to agriculture, natural and semi-natural systems and cultural heritage have pointed out that these receptors could be relatively less impacted by the selected flood scenario mainly because their scattered presence. Finally, the application of the KR-RRA methodology to the Sihl River case study as well as to several other sites across Europe (not presented here), has demonstrated its flexibility and possible adaptation to different geographical and socio-economic contexts, depending on data availability and peculiarities of the sites, as well as for other hazard scenarios.
Large-scale numerical modeling of hydro-acoustic waves generated by tsunamigenic earthquakes
Authors: Cecioni C. , Abdolali A. , Bellotti G. , Sammarco P.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Tsunamigenic fast movements of the sea-bed generate pressure waves in weakly compressible sea water, namely hydro-acoustic waves, which travel at the sound celerity in water (about 1500 m s−1). These waves travel much faster than the counter part long free-surface gravity waves and contain significant information on the source. Measurement of hydro-acoustic waves can therefore anticipate the tsunami arrival and significantly improve the capability of tsunami early warning systems. In this paper a novel numerical model for reproduction of hydro-acoustic waves is applied to analyze the generation and propagation in real bathymetry of these pressure perturbations for two historical catastrophic earthquake scenarios in Mediterranean Sea. The model is based on the solution of a depth-integrated equation and therefore results computationally efficient in reconstructing the hydro-acoustic waves propagation scenarios.
Thermokarst lake waters across the permafrost zones of western Siberia
Authors: Manasypov R. M. , Pokrovsky O. S. , Kirpotin S. N. , Shirokova L. S.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This work describes the hydrochemical composition of thermokarst lake and pond ecosystems, which are observed in various sizes with different degrees of permafrost influence and are located in the northern part of western Siberia within the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones. We analysed the elemental chemical composition of the lake waters relative to their surface areas (from 10 to 106 m2) and described the elemental composition of the thermokarst water body ecosystems in detail. We revealed significant correlations between the Fe, Al, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and various chemical elements across a latitude gradient covering approximately 900 km. Several groups of chemical elements that reflect the evolution of the studied water bodies were distinguished. Combining the data for the studied latitude profile with the information available in the current literature demonstrated that the average dissolved elemental concentrations in lakes with different areas depend specifically on the latitudinal position, which is presumably linked to (1) the elements leached from frozen peat, which is the main source of the solutes in thermokarst lakes, (2) marine atmospheric aerosol depositions, particularly near the sea border and (3) short-range industrial pollution by certain metals from the largest Russian Arctic smelter. We discuss the evolution of the chemical compositions observed in thermokarst lakes during their formation and drainage and predict the effect that changing the permafrost regime in western Siberia has on the hydrochemistry of the lakes.
Modeled Arctic sea ice evolution through 2300 in CMIP5 extended RCPs
Authors: Hezel P. J. , Fichefet T. , Massonnet F.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Almost all global climate models and Earth system models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) show strong declines in Arctic sea ice extent and volume under the highest forcing scenario of the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) through 2100, including a transition from perennial to seasonal ice cover. Extended RCP simulations through 2300 were completed for a~subset of models, and here we examine the time evolution of Arctic sea ice in these simulations. In RCP2.6, the summer Arctic sea ice extent increases compared to its minimum following the peak radiative forcing in 2044 in all nine models. RCP4.5 demonstrates continued summer Arctic sea ice decline after the forcing stabilizes due to continued warming on longer timescales. Based on the analysis of these two scenarios, we suggest that Arctic summer sea ice extent could begin to recover if and when radiative forcing from greenhouse gas concentrations were to decrease. In RCP8.5 the Arctic Ocean reaches annually ice-free conditions in seven of nine models. The ensemble of simulations completed under the extended RCPs provide insight into the global temperature increase at which sea ice disappears in the Arctic and the reversibility of declines in seasonal sea ice extent.
Climate regime of Asian glaciers revealed by GAMDAM Glacier Inventory
Authors: Sakai A. , Nuimura T. , Fujita K. , Takenaka S. , Nagai H. , Lamsal D.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Among meteorological elements, precipitation has a large spatial variability and less observation, particularly in High Mountain Asia, although precipitation in mountains is an important parameter for hydrological circulation. We estimated precipitation contributing to glacier mass at median elevation of glaciers, which is presumed to be at equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) so that mass balance is zero at that elevation, by tuning adjustment parameters of precipitation. We also made comparisons between median elevation of glaciers, including the effect of drifting snow and avalanche, and eliminated those local effects. Then, we could obtain median elevation of glaciers depending only on climate to estimate glacier surface precipitation. The calculated precipitation contributing to glacier mass can elucidate that glaciers in the arid High Mountain Asia have very less precipitation, while much precipitation contribute to glacier mass in the Hindu Kush, the Himalayas, and the Hengduan Shan due to not only direct precipitation amount but also avalanche nourishment. We classified glaciers in High Mountain Asia into summer-accumulation type and winter-accumulation type using the summer accumulation ratio, and confirmed that summer-accumulation type glaciers have a higher sensitivity than winter-accumulation type glaciers.
Elevation dependency of mountain snow depth
Authors: Grünewald T. , Bühler Y. , Lehning M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Elevation strongly affects quantity and distribution of precipitation and snow. Positive elevation gradients were identified by many studies, usually based on data from sparse precipitation stations or snow depth measurements. We present a systematic evaluation of the elevation – snow depth relationship. We analyse areal snow depth data obtained by remote sensing for seven mountain sites. Snow depths were averaged to 100 m elevation bands and then related to their respective elevation level. The assessment was performed at three scales ranging from the complete data sets by km-scale sub-catchments to slope transects. We show that most elevation – snow depth curves at all scales are characterised through a single shape. Mean snow depths increase with elevation up to a certain level where they have a distinct peak followed by a decrease at the highest elevations. We explain this typical shape with a generally positive elevation gradient of snow fall that is modified by the interaction of snow cover and topography. These processes are preferential deposition of precipitation and redistribution of snow by wind, sloughing and avalanching. Furthermore we show that the elevation level of the peak of mean snow depth correlates with the dominant elevation level of rocks.
Regional albedo of Arctic first-year drift ice in advanced stages of melt from the combination of in situ measurements and aerial imagery
Authors: Divine D. V. , Granskog M. A. , Hudson S. R. , Pedersen C. A. , Karlsen T. I. , Divina S. A. , Gerland S.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The paper presents a case study of the regional (≈ 150 km) broadband albedo of first year Arctic sea ice in advanced stages of melt, estimated from a combination of in situ albedo measurements and aerial imagery. The data were collected during the eight day ICE12 drift experiment carried out by the Norwegian Polar Institute in the Arctic north of Svalbard at 82.3° N from 26 July to 3 August 2012. The study uses in situ albedo measurements representative of the four main surface types: bare ice, dark melt ponds, bright melt ponds and open water. Images acquired by a helicopter borne camera system during ice survey flights covered about 28 km2. A subset of > 8000 images from the area of homogeneous melt with open water fraction of ≈ 0.11 and melt pond coverage of ≈ 0.25 used in the upscaling yielded a regional albedo estimate of 0.40 (0.38; 0.42). The 95% confidence interval on the estimate was derived using the moving block bootstrap approach applied to sequences of classified sea ice images and albedo of the four surface types treated as random variables. Uncertainty in the mean estimates of surface type albedo from in situ measurements contributed some 95% of the variance of the estimated regional albedo, with the remaining variance resulting from the spatial inhomogeneity of sea ice cover. The results of the study are of relevance for the modeling of sea ice processes in climate simulations. It particularly concerns the period of summer melt, when the optical properties of sea ice undergo substantial changes, which existing sea ice models have significant diffuculty accurately reproducing.
Resource Use Efficiency in Organic Vegetable Production: A Case Study of Manzini Region, Swaziland
Authors: F Dumsile Dlamini , Kongolo Mukole
Published: July 2014

This study investigated the efficient use of resources in the production of organic vegetables, namely: beetroot, cabbage, carrot, pepper, spinach and tomatoes. The findings indicated that land, labour, organic manure, seeds, soil preparation, age; children, education level and farm legal entity all had significant effect in organic vegetables production in the region. The use of inputs in the production of the vegetables showed increasing returns to scale. As a result of this, the study suggested that in order for farmers to produce efficiently; all inputs that were significant in the production of the vegetables needed to be doubled in order to double the output.
The Invisibility of the Prison in Democratic Theory:
Authors: Harcourt Bernard E.
Published: July 2014

This paper considers the practical and theoretical invisibility of prisons and punishment in contemporary democratic states and modern democratic political theory. I argue that the prison's invisibility is a symptom of our democracy's “virtuality,” its tendency to operate without the full participation of its citizens and to project responsibility for risks onto politicians and experts.
Urban Divestment, Rural Decline and the Politics of Mass Incarceration
Authors: Thorpe Rebecca
Published: July 2014

This article draws from several distinct scholarly literatures to outline a new framework emphasizing the spatial dimensions of mass incarceration in postwar American society. First, the analysis re-contextualizes the nation's vast prison expansion in light of disinvestment and destabilization in black urban neighborhoods during the immediate postwar decades. Second, the paper recasts the geographic shift toward prison development in economically depressed, rural areas as an opportunistic, but ultimately ineffective, attempt to counter rural poverty. The result is a prison apparatus that not only criminalizes urban poverty and upholds racial hierarchies but also links the perceived economic stability and political power of lower-class, rural whites to the continued penal confinement of poor, urban blacks.
Penal Populism and the Folly of “Doing Good by Stealth”
Authors: Green David A.
Published: July 2014

This article evaluates what Drakeford and Vanstone (2000) have called “doing good by stealth”—the quiet embrace of progressive penal policies, often twinned with contradictorily punitive rhetoric—in order to critically examine both the motives of policymakers under the pressures exerted by the “penal populism calculus” and the consequences for penal policymaking processes and outcomes. It offers a typological model of penal policymaking strategies and outcomes based on two polar dimensions: covert (quiet) vs. transparent (loud), and fair/effective (high-roading) vs. unfair/ineffective (low-roading). It provides examples of each strategy, examines the arguments for and against each one, and proposes alternative ways to achieve the legitimation goals of penal populism, informed by theories of public deliberation and participatory democracy.
The amount of coarse dead wood and associated decay rates in forest reserves and managed forests, northwest Turkey
Authors: Colak A. H. , Tokcan M. , Rotherham I. D. , Atici E.
Published: July 2014

This study describes the state of coarse dead wood (CDW) in the Forest Reserve and the Managed Forest zones of northern conifer-broadleaved mixed forest. The results showed mean total CDW volumes in the ranges 30,05±11,06 m3/ha in the Forest Reserve (6,33±2,98% of the LW volume), and 9,31±2,84 m3/ha in the Managed Forest (1,96±0,84% of the LW volume). The total CDW volume was 3,22 times higher in the Forest Reserve than in the Managed Forest. The CDWlog1 and CDWsnag1 were the most abundant CDW decay classes, whilst CDWlog2 and CDWsnag2 were the lowest. Comparisons of ratios between the Managed Forest and the Forest Reserve with abundant decay classes CDWlog1 and CDWsnag1 indicated large differences. The CDWlog1 volume was 4,09 times higher, and the CDWsnag1 volume was 3,68 times greater in the Forest Reserve than in the Managed Forest. The ratio of different CWD classes in the Managed Forest to CWD classes in the Reserve Forest confirms the pattern. In both Managed and Reserve Forest zones there is balance between total CDWlogs and total CDWsnags, but the differences between total CDWlogs and total CDWsnags was not statistically significant. The total CDW volume was significantly dependent on the forest management system. The system influenced amount and diversity of CDW. In commercially managed forest the abundance and structure of CDW retained is a compromise between the needs of timber production and nature conservation.
Healthcare executives’ readiness for a performance measurement system: a rehabilitation hospital case study
Authors: Zidarov Diana , Poissant Lise , Sicotte Claude
Published: July 2014

The literature on organizational change identifies readiness as an important factor for understanding the outcome of implementation. In the context of implementing a performance measurement system (PMS) in a rehabilitation hospital, we conducted a case study to gain an in-depth understanding of the factors that might impede or facilitate readiness to use a PMS. Two data sources were used: key informant interviews with healthcare executives and official organizational documents. Our results indicate that healthcare executives’ readiness for a PMS was high. This state of readiness is influenced by 12 factors that were classified into three main themes: (1) adopters’ attributes, (2) PMS attributes, and (3) organizational attributes. These results are consistent with change management theory as well as the findings of recent empirical research. In the context of implementing a PMS, a readiness assessment can help identify organizational strengths and weaknesses so that strategies necessary for successful implementation can be developed.
Phytocenotic structure and physico-chemical properties of a small water body in agricultural landscape
Authors: Sender Joanna , Kułak Agnieszka
Published: July 2014

Small water bodies, until recently considered as wasteland, are an essential element of the so-called small water retention. Their main use can vary significantly, but they always play a positive role by increasing water resources and enhancing the natural values of the landscape. Moreover, by increasing bio- diversity thanks to plants forming habitats for many species of flora and fauna, small water bodies act as a biofilter, improving water quality. But these small reservoirs belong to the groups of waters that are most exposed to damage, especially within the catchment area. Because of the invaluable role of small farmland water bodies, a study was undertaken to investigate their phytocenotic structure. In addition, an attempt was made to assess the level of threats and to indicate their role in the development of habitat conditions. The investigated reservoir was created in 2007. Before that time, it functioned as a part of the Zemborzycki reservoir, as they were close to each other. Almost the entire surrounding of this small reservoir consisted of farmland. In 2011 a revitalization project was carried out in the reservoir. Plants typical for wetland habitats were mainly introduced, while synanthropic vegetation was removed. Based on chemical and physical analyses, it can be concluded that the investigated reservoir serves as a natural biofilter thanks to the qualitative and quantitative changes in the structure of macrophytes. After the revitalization project, the investigated pond gained new aesthetic and ecological qualities.
Effects of the penetration of Artemisia vulgaris L. into maize crops as a result of the use of reduced tillage
Authors: Gołębiowska Hanna
Published: July 2014

In recent years, a significant increase in weed infestation of agricultural crops with Artemisia vulgaris has been observed in the south-western region of Poland. The ease of migration of this expansive species results from the fact that it does not face competition from segetal weeds and therefore poses a great threat to the ecological balance. During the period 2008–2011, a floristic study was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method in an abandoned field adjacent to a maize monoculture grown under two tillage systems: plough and ploughless tillage. These observations allowed an evaluation of the actual risk of spread of Artemisia vulgaris depending on tillage system. The vicinity of the abandoned field had a significant effect on the penetration of Artemisia vulgaris into maize crops. Higher numbers of individuals of this species were found under ploughless tillage compared to plough tillage, regardless of the distance from the field edge, and its increased competitive effects on Viola arvensis L. and Veronica persica L. could be observed. The lowest grain yield was obtained under ploughless tillage where the strong competitive effects of Artemisia vulgaris were observed even in the plot most distant from the abandoned field adjacent to the maize crop.
Characteristics of water and wetland plants of the water reservoirs in the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka
Published: July 2014

The aim of the study was to compile an inventory and determine the ecological characteristics of the spontaneous flora of the restored water reservoirs and their wet banks in the western part of Lublin in the years 1997–2013. The study objects are small reservoirs located at the UMCS Botanical Garden in the Czechówka River valley. These ponds are subjected to strong anthropogenic pressure. 68 plant species from 33 families and 58 genera were recorded in the flora of the ponds and their wet banks. An important feature of the described water bodies is the large proportion of native species (94% of the flora). Cryptophytes and hemicryptophytes as well as biological groups combining the features of hemicryptophytes and cryptophytes are the predominant life forms. Perennials account for 80% of the flora. The ponds and their wet banks are inhabited by 25 medicinal and 19 bee forage plants.
The growth and saponin production of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Chinese bellflower) hairy roots cultures maintained in shake flasks and mist bioreactor
Authors: Urbańska Natalia , Giebułtowicz Joanna , Olszowska Olga , Szypuła Wojciech J.
Published: July 2014

The growth and saponin accumulation were measured in two lines of transgenic hairy roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, Pl 6 and Pl 17, cultured for 8 weeks in 250-ml shake flasks containing 50 ml of hormone-free woody plant medium supplemented with 40 g/l sucrose and in the Pl 17 line cultured for 12 weeks in a 5-l mist bioreactor containing 1.5 l of the same medium. With both methods, the growth of transgenic hairy roots was assessed as both fresh and dry weight and the biomass growth was correlated with the conductivity and sucrose uptake. The accumulation of saponins was measured and compared with that in roots derived from the field cultivation. The saponin concentrations were significantly higher in the two hairy root lines cultured in shake flasks [6.92 g/100 g d.w. (g%) and 5.82 g% in Pl 6 and Pl 17, respectively] and the line cultured in the bioreactor (5.93 g%) than in the roots derived from the field cultivation (4.02 g%). The results suggest that cultures of P. grandiflorum hairy roots may be a valuable source for obtaining saponins.
Evaluating the Fin-Ray Trajectory Tracking of Bio-Inspired Robotic Undulating Fins via an Experimental-Numerical Approach
Authors: Xiang Xiaojia , Hu Tianjiang , Zhou Han , Ma Zhaowei
Published: July 2014

In the past decade, biomimetic undulating fin propulsion has been one of the main topics considered by scientists and researchers in the field of robotic fish. This technology is inspired by the biological wave-like propulsion of ribbon-finned fish. The swimming modes have aquatic application potentials with greater manoeuvrability, less detectable noise or wake and better efficiency at low speeds. The present work concentrates on the evaluation of fin-ray trajectory tracking of biorobotic undulating fins at the levels of kinematics and hydrodynamics by using an experimental-numerical approach. Firstly, fin-ray tracking inconsistence between the desired and actual undulating trajectories is embodied with experimental data of the fin prototype. Next, the dynamics' nonlinearity is numerically and analytically unveiled by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, from the viewpoint of vortex shedding and the hydro-effect. The evaluation of fin-ray tracking performance creates a good basis for control design to improve the fin-ray undulation of prototypes.
Políticas de Formação de Professores em conflito com o currículo:Estágio Supervisionado e PIBID
Authors: Jardilino Jose Rubens Lima
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644412068 No quadro das políticas de governo destinadas a formação de professores este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as relações entre ao Estágio Curricular e o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) ambos realizados na Escola. A reflexão é fruto do processo de observação e etnografia no campo e entrevistas com os trabalhadores da educação que atuam nas unidades escolares onde se desenvolvem estágio e PIBID. As conclusões de pesquisa apontam para uma tênue relação, por vezes conflituosa, entre o componente curricular e o programa de governo, uma vez que ambos possuem similitudes, apresentam propósitos diferenciados, separados por objetivos, legislação e financiamentos distintos. Percebe-se uma sobreposição destas duas atividades que se realizam no interior da Escola.
Opciones educativas culturalmente sensibles a la diversidad y la implementación de los derechos lingüísticos
Authors: Behares Luis Ernesto
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644413915 Este trabajo analiza algunas cuestiones teóricas vinculadas a la instrumentalización de los derechos lingüísticos en contextos educativos. En particular, discute las relaciones entre las pedagogías culturalmente sensibles a la diversidad y la instrumentación escolar de derechos lingüísticos de niños y comunidades. Se estudian las tendencias de instrumentación política ligadas a los conceptos de tolerancia, promoción y herencia.
Editorial – Revista Educação
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644414409
Professores em formação continuada: narrativas da atividade docente de estudo e a da aprendizagem da docência
Authors: Baptaglin Leila Adriana , Rossetto Gislaine A. Rodrigues da Silva , Bolzan Doris Pires Vargas
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464446428 A formação continuada de professores constitui-se em um processo complexo e de dimensões que ultrapassam a elaboração e execução de normativas legais. Este estudo apresenta nossa compreensão sobre a atividade docente de estudo, pautada nos estudos de Isaia (2006), na formação e atuação de professores da Educação Básica e sua contribuição para os processos de aprendizagem da docência (ISAIA, 2004 e 2006; BOLZAN, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010). Nosso objetivo é identificar e compreender onde e como a atividade docente de estudo acontece na formação e atuação de professores da Educação Básica e de que forma ela contribui para a aprendizagem da docência. A partir das narrativas identificamos que os elementos da atividade docente de estudo não se articulam em sua completude nos diferentes momentos da prática pedagógica.
Autonomia, trajetórias e saberes de trabalhadores estudantes do curso de Educação de Jovens e Adultos da UFRGS
Authors: Corrêa Ivan Livindo de Senna , Fischer Maria Clara Bueno , Santos Juliana Silva dos
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464448017 O estudo tem por objetivo analisar a construção da autonomia, as trajetórias de vida e trabalho e os saberes dos trabalhadores autônomos e estudantes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) do Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS. Para realizar a pesquisa adotamos o estudo das trajetórias como estratégia metodológica (DUBAR, 1998; FRANZOI, 2003). A coleta de dados foi realizada em dois momentos: um questionário, aplicado a 67 sujeitos para traçar o perfil dos estudantes da EJA e uma entrevista semi-estruturada com 4 sujeitos para identificarmos a autonomia, as trajetórias e os saberes. Os resultados obtidos foram: a autonomia dos sujeitos é relativa às condições de trabalho, a tomada de decisões e, a interação com os clientes e colegas de profissão. As trajetórias caracterizam-se por serem predominantemente fragmentadas, terem vivência no trabalho infantil e pela exclusão da escola na idade regular. Os saberes do trabalho, foram construídos no fazer profissional, na observação dos mais experientes, na busca por informações e conhecimentos e nas percepções e intervenções no cotidiano.
O PIBID na ótica dos licenciandos: possibilidades e limites no desenvolvimento do programa
Authors: Felício Helena Maria Dos Santos , Gomes Claudia , Allain Luciana Resende
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464448175 Este trabalho objetiva compreender como os licenciandos, participantes do PIBID, analisam o programa e o impacto do mesmo em seu processo formativo e nos cursos de licenciaturas. Para tanto, fez-se uso de um questionário quali-quantitavos que foi respondido pelos 88 licenciandos do programa. Os dados apresentam a contribuição do PIBID na construção de conhecimentos pedagógicos que os permitem identificar-se como professores de um coletivo que é a escola; a concepção de que a escola é um campo de atividade externo ao seu processo formativo, como limitação do programa; e a fragilidade na relação teoria – prática desenvolvida nos currículos dos cursos de licenciaturas. Conclui-se que o PIBID se instaura para proporcionar aos licenciandos a antecipação de sua relação com as situações de trabalho, consideradas tão formativas quanto àquelas ações desenvolvidas no interior dos cursos de licenciaturas.
Definição e abordagem de currículo: exame de um curso de formação de professores para a educação não formal em Ongs
Authors: Perez Deivis
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464448472 Este artigo apresenta pesquisa cujo objetivo foi analisar a definição e abordagem de currículo norteadores da formação de professores para o trabalho na educação não formal em organizações não governamentais (Ongs). Optou-se pela perspectiva qualitativa de pesquisa e estudo de caso do curso Formação de Professores para Ongs, desenvolvido por Ong de São Paulo-SP. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram: análise dos documentos do curso, entrevistas semidiretivas com formadores e coordenador e revisão da literatura. Nesse curso define-se currículo como caminho a ser percorrido por alunos e formadores e como organizador das temáticas estudadas. Adota-se abordagem nomeada Currículo Integrado, em que o ensino ocorre pelo estudo de situações-problema e projetos integradores das aprendizagens. Ao final, sugere-se aperfeiçoamento do curso e seguem informações que, espera-se, apoiem a produção ulterior de pesquisas comparativas.
Resenha do livro Didática de ciências naturais na perspectiva histórico-crítica
Authors: Arantes Ana Paula Gonçalves , Araújo Roberta Negrão de
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464449182 Trabalho de autoria de Ana Paula Gonçalves Arantes, co-autoria de Roberta Negrão de Araújo como subsídio teórico do Projeto “Ensinar Ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: um desafio para o pedagogo” – PIBIC/CNPq.
O desafio escolar do ensino por disciplina e a necessidade da religação dos saberes
Authors: Martinazzo Celso José , Dresch Óberson Isac
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464449234 Neste texto propõe-se uma reflexão sobre o desafio da escola em trabalhar a questão do conhecimento sob a forma de disciplina e a necessidade da religação dos saberes. Dentre as múltiplas tarefas que, historicamente, sempre foram atribuições da educação escolar, destaca-se o compromisso com a transmissão e a produção de conhecimentos. Quando se refere à escola como uma agência privilegiada que lida com a questão do conhecimento, depara-se com inúmeras implicações decorrentes dessa afirmação. Procura-se interpretar essas implicações à luz das contribuições dos princípios da teoria da complexidade por se entender que essa matriz paradigmática se constitui num dos referenciais privilegiados para compreender o processo de produção de um conhecimento pertinente, ou seja, de um conhecimento que, ao mesmo tempo em que distingue, busca promover a religação dos saberes.
A comunicação e a construção de sentidos na formação de professores: um trabalho a várias mãos
Authors: Porto Tania Maria Esperon , Zamperetti Maristani Polidori , Santos Lourdes Helena Rodrigues dos
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464449735 Este texto apresenta um recorte de três processos de pesquisas realizadas em contextos diferentes: duas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental e médio e uma universidade pública, tendo por confluência a experiência de comunicação, partilha e construção colaborativa de sentidos vividas por nós, educadores-pesquisadores. Dialogamos com os docentes e os meios de comunicação e suas linguagens. Vivemos e investigamos processos de formação docente com metodologias comunicacionais, as quais tornaram possível realizar experiências concretas, fazer questionamentos e reflexões sobre o cotidiano docente, tratados à luz do referencial teórico da educação e comunicação. As práticas comunicacionais proporcionaram experienciar o mundo, desvelar sentidos dos docentes, permitindo uma interação entre os sujeitos e seus respectivos contextos. Trabalhar a várias mãos é prover meios para enfrentar situações complexas que, individualmente, poderíamos não conseguir administrar.
State, company, and community relations at the Polaris mine (Nunavut)
Authors: Green Heather
Published: July 2014

Inuit employment in the mining industry has received very little attention from historians, although mining has been in the Arctic since the 1950s. Using the Polaris mine (1982-2002) on Little Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, as a case study, this article focuses on the Canadian government’s shift away from supporting mining developments in the late 1970s to early 1980s, on Inuit employment in the mining industry, and on the difficulties of Inuit from Resolute Bay in obtaining employment at Polaris. Previous to Polaris, the federal government saw Arctic mines, particularly Rankin Inlet (1951-1962) and Nanisivik (1976-2002), as a path to modernisation for the Inuit. However, as these earlier Arctic mines failed in this particular goal, the State became disillusioned and weary of providing financial support by the time Cominco began planning the Polaris mine in 1973. The federal government did not require Cominco to sign a formal agreement for Inuit employment, leaving the company responsible to develop its own hiring agenda. Unfortunately for the people of Resolute Bay, the company agenda did not include hiring locals as a priority, and bypassed and marginalised Resolute Bay Inuit who were keen on working at the mine. As mining has been the largest industry in the Canadian northern economy and is currently growing and beginning new development projects, it is important to understand the historical dynamics between mining companies, the State, and local communities.
“That’s where our future came from”: Mining, landscape, and memory in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut
Authors: Cater Tara , Keeling Arn
Published: July 2014

Based on ethnographic and oral history research, this article investigates community experiences of historical and contemporary mineral development in the Arctic through an analysis of the cultural landscape of Rankin Inlet, Nunavut. The town was established in the 1950s around the North Rankin Nickel Mine—Arctic Canada’s first industrial mining operation. The mine’s rapid closure in 1962 dealt a devastating blow to the local economy, with about half the community staying in Rankin Inlet and struggling to make a living. In spite of the long period since closure, the mine’s influence is still present in the town’s built environment and cultural landscapes. Our research seeks to reveal the symbolic attachments both Inuit and long-term Qallunaat residents have formed with the post-industrial landscape. We argue that Rankin Inlet, as a community, is coming to terms with and (re)staking its claims to its industrial past, as part of contemporary efforts to manage the costs and benefits of new mineral development in the region.
Industrial impacts and Indigenous representation: Some fallacies in the Sámi quest for autonomy
Authors: Bjørklund Ivar
Published: July 2014

While Indigenous communities in all circumpolar regions today face increasing pressure from mining companies, their influence in decision-making processes varies substantially. In Norway, the pasturelands of the reindeer-herding Sámi have huge mineral potential and new mining projects are in development. Such projects imply a domino effect, since they tend to generate infrastructures like roads, power lines, and so on. Norway enjoys a high profile as a country strongly committed to Indigenous rights; the Sámi also have their own parliamentary system. Yet to date the Sámi Parliament has been unable to halt these encroachments, a situation in part due to its composition. Because of the electoral rules and the general political position of the reindeer-herding Sámi in Norway, most of the Sámi members of parliament represent interests that run partially counter to the activities of the herders. While Indigenous political participation is territorially defined in Canada and Greenland, this is not the case in Norway.
Nunavut Inuit youth and leadership: Perspectives from the Northern Youth Abroad Program
Authors: Aylward Erin , Giles Audrey R. , Abu-Zahra Nadia
Published: July 2014

Northern Youth Abroad (NYA) is the first and presently the only educational travel program developed specifically to meet the needs of the Canadian North’s youth. Part of NYA’s mandate, cultivating northern youth leadership, has received very little academic attention and merits greater investigation. In this qualitative case study, we draw on semi-structured interviews with 10 Nunavut Inuit past participants, one NYA staff member, and one NYA Board member, as well as archival research at NYA. We argue that NYA alumni use both traditional Inuit and Euro-Canadian approaches to leadership development; as a result, these youths have created what Bhabha described as a “third space,” where the binary dynamic between colonial/neo-colonial and traditional influences is displaced by new structures that weave heterogeneous influences together. These findings suggest that NYA’s Nunavut Inuit alumni possess strong and adaptive leadership abilities. We conclude that in order to better understand the challenges that face the current generation of Inuit youths, researchers should be well advised to recognise the adaptability, resilience, and leadership that Nunavut Inuit youths such as NYA alumni have developed and use in a wide variety of areas of their lives.
Competencias docentes en secundaria. Análisis de perfiles de profesorado
Authors: Ferrández-Berrueco Mª Reina , Sánchez-Tarazaga-Vicente Lucía
Published: July 2014

En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo ha sido analizar la importancia que el profesorado de secundaria de la provincia de Castellón otorga a las competencias docentes y determinar los perfiles profesionales en función de las respuestas dadas. La investigación llevada a cabo se ha basado en un estudio de encuesta, cuyo  cuestionario ha sido aplicado a una muestra representativa de 136 profesores de secundaria de Castellón, integrado por 23 departamentos didácticos. Los resultados  obtenidos han permitido caracterizar tres perfiles profesionales en función de la importancia otorgada a las competencias y, si bien todas ellas han sido valoradas de manera elevada, se aprecia que se sigue confiriendo mayor relevancia a la transmisión tradicional de conocimientos
Escala de motivación por el juego (EMJ): estudio del uso del juego en contextos educativos
Authors: Muñoz Carla , Valenzuela Jorge
Published: July 2014

Aunque el juego ha sido estudiado y descrito desde múltiples ópticas, relevando su importancia en el desarrollo humano, su uso en el ámbito educativo pareciera estar restringido mayoritariamente al nivel de educación parvularia. En este sentido, la motivación de los docentes por la integración de nuevas metodologías (incluido el juego) parece ser una variable relevante a la hora de estudiar el cambio y la mejora en educación. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una escala que puede ayudar al estudio de la motivación por el uso del juego y reportar sus características psicométricas. La Escala de Motivación por el Juego (EMJ) ha sido construida a partir del Modelo de Expectativa y Valor  de Eccles y Wigfield (2002) y busca establecer el grado en que la persona se siente competente para implementar dispositivos lúdicos dentro del diseño didáctico (expectativa) y el valor que asigna a los 4 componentes del valor de la tarea (Utilidad, Importancia, Interés y costo). Se reporta la estructura del instrumento, sus fundamentos teóricos, así como su estructura factorial y confiabilidad a partir de una muestra de profesores chilenos. Los resultados muestran características psicométricas que hacen del EMJ un instrumento sólido, válido y confiable, que puede proporcionar pistas de intervención motivacional en el contexto escolar.
Big N Auditors and Earnings Response Coefficients – A Comparison Study between the US and China*
Authors: Du Jun , Zhou Gaoguang
Published: July 2014

industry in the US and China. Building on the seminal work of Teoh and Wong (1993), this essay revisits the tests of the prediction that earnings reports audited by larger audit firms have higher earnings response coefficients (ERCs). Specifically, we investigate whether the positive association between ERCs and perceived audit quality holds in either the US or China using long-term historical data. Empirical analysis based on US data from 1984 to 2012 shows that the ERCs of Big N clients are generally higher than those of non-Big N clients, but such differences have dissipated since 2002, the year the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) came into effect. However, we find weak evidence in China during 1995 to 2012 that Chinese investors value the credibility of large international auditors. The results also reveal that the relationship between Big N and ERCs is stronger in the US than in China. Overall, our results show that auditor reputation is valued by investors in more developed markets, indicating that both institutional and industry structure affect the relationship between Big N and ERCs.
Decadal (1994–2008) change in the carbon isotope ratio in the eastern South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ko Young Ho , Lee Kitack , Quay Paul D. , Feely Richard A.
Published: July 2014

We determined the 14 year change in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory in the eastern South Pacific Ocean along the 110°W meridian from 67°S to 21°N, using seawater δ13C data sets collected in 1994 and 2008. The vertical integral of the 14 year δ13C change was assessed in five latitude bands and found to be greatest (−14.7‰ m yr−1) in the subpolar band (38°S–55°S) and smallest (−3.0‰ m yr−1) in the tropical band (21°N–18°S). The δ13C change in each of the latitudinal bands was primarily caused by inputs of anthropogenic CO2 via air‐sea exchange and transport. More than 50% of the total anthropogenic CO2 was added to the subpolar band via the northward movement of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) from the south, and the remaining 50% was added via air‐sea exchange. We also calculated the ratio of the temporal change in δ13C to the change in dissolved inorganic carbon, which is a measure of the efficiency of oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. The ratio for AAIW in 1994 (−0.017‰ (µmol kg−1) −1) was greater than that in 2008 (−0.010‰ (µmol kg−1) −1) based on the change in preformed δ13C and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), indicating reduced efficiency of CO2 uptake by the Southern Ocean in 2008 relative to that in 1994. AAIW remained at the surface for a shorter period in 2008 relative to 1994, and thus would have taken up less atmospheric CO2 prior to subduction. The projected reduction in this ratio indicates a weakening of CO2 uptake by the Southern Ocean in the future.
Two subevents across the Japan Trench during the 7 December 2012 off Tohoku earthquake (Mw 7.3) inferred from offshore tsunami records
Authors: Inazu Daisuke , Saito Tatsuhiko
Published: July 2014

A tsunamigenic earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.3 occurred near the Japan Trench, off Tohoku, northeast Japan, on 7 December 2012. Operational seismic monitoring inferred that the earthquake was composed of doublet sources of comparable magnitudes: the first event was reverse faulting and the second event, which occurred 10–20 s later, was normal faulting. An associated tsunami was observed at offshore stations, having an amplitude of 10−1 to 101 cm. Inverse modeling using the observed tsunami records reveals possible vertical seafloor deformations. We can then constrain, in terms of the source location, that the tsunamigenic earthquake involves two subfaults across the Japan Trench: one is the outer trench reverse faulting as the first event and the second is the inner trench normal faulting. The present study shows that tsunami analysis with seismograph analyses effectively constrains the epicenter locations, even in the case of complex earthquakes like doublets.
Microphysical consequences of the spatial distribution of ice nucleation in mixed‐phase stratiform clouds
Authors: Yang Fan , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Shaw Raymond A.
Published: July 2014

Mixed‐phase stratiform clouds can persist even with steady ice precipitation fluxes, and the origin and microphysical properties of the ice crystals are of interest. Vapor deposition growth and sedimentation of ice particles along with a uniform volume source of ice nucleation lead to a power law relation between ice water content wi and ice number concentration ni with exponent 2.5. The result is independent of assumptions about the vertical velocity structure of the cloud and is therefore more general than the related expression of Yang et al. (2013). The sensitivity of the wi−ni relationship to the spatial distribution of ice nucleation is confirmed by Lagrangian tracking and ice growth with cloud volume, cloud top, and cloud base sources of ice particles through a time‐dependent cloud field. Based on observed wi and ni from Indirect and Semi‐Direct Aerosol Campaign, a lower bound of 0.006 m−3 s−1 is obtained for the ice crystal formation rate.