bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hysteresis Modeling of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Actuator Based on Krasnosel′skii‐Pokrovskii Model
Authors: Zhou Miaolei , Wang Shoubin , Gao Wei
Published: April 2013

As a new type of intelligent material, magnetically shape memory alloy (MSMA) has a good performance in its applications in the actuator manufacturing. Compared with traditional actuators, MSMA actuator has the advantages as fast response and large deformation; however, the hysteresis nonlinearity of the MSMA actuator restricts its further improving of control precision. In this paper, an improved Krasnosel′skii‐Pokrovskii (KP) model is used to establish the hysteresis model of MSMA actuator. To identify the weighting parameters of the KP operators, an improved gradient correction algorithm and a variable step‐size recursive least square estimation algorithm are proposed in this paper. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed modeling approach, simulation experiments are performed, simulations with improved gradient correction algorithm and variable step‐size recursive least square estimation algorithm are studied, respectively. Simulation results of both identification algorithms demonstrate that the proposed modeling approach in this paper can establish an effective and accurate hysteresis model for MSMA actuator, and it provides a foundation for improving the control precision of MSMA actuator.
Thermodynamic and Structural Analysis of DNA Damage Architectures Related to Replication
Authors: Amato Nicholas J. , Mwai Christopher N. , Mueser Timothy C. , Bryant-Friedrich Amanda C.
Published: April 2013

Damaged DNA, generated by the abstraction of one of five hydrogen atoms from the 2′-deoxyribose ring of the nucleic acid, can contain a variety of lesions, some of which compromise physiological processes. Recently, DNA damage, resulting from the formation of a C3′-thymidinyl radical in DNA oligomers, was found to be dependent on nucleic acid structure. Architectures relevant to DNA replication were observed to generate larger amounts of strand-break and 1-(2′-deoxy-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymidine formation than that observed for duplex DNA. To understand how this damage can affect the integrity of DNA, the impact of C3′-thymidinyl radical derived lesions on DNA stability and structure was characterized using biophysical methods. DNA architectures evaluated include duplex DNA (dsDNA), single 3′ or 5′-overhangs (OvHgs), and forks. Thermal melting analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicate that an individual 3′-OvHg is more destabilizing than a 5′-OvHg. The presence of a terminal 3′ or 5′ phosphate decreases theΔG25to the same extent, while the effect of the phosphate at the ss-dsDNA junction of OvHgs is dependent on sequence. Additionally, the effect of 1-(2′-deoxy-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymidine is found to depend on DNA architecture and proximity to the 3′ end of the damaged strand.
Analysis of Some Technological and Physical Characters of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) Fruit in Iran
Authors: Khadivi-Khub Abdollah
Published: April 2013

Knowledge of the physical properties of date fruit is necessary for the design of postharvesting equipment such as cleaning, sorting, grading, kernel removing, and packing. Also, the physical and mechanical properties are incorporated in the development of the grading machine as a case study. In this study, some physical and mechanical properties of three mandarin cultivars, as promising fruits, were analyzed to help the design of handling machines. According to results, the greatest dimensional characteristics were found for Page cultivar, whereas Onsho cultivar showed the lowest sphericity value (93%), and the highest sphericity was observed in Clementine cultivar (97%). The specific gravity of Page cultivar was 0/97, and this cultivar had the biggest fruit. Thus, it may be used for export. The volume measured was 1% higher than the calculated assumed shape of the spheroid . The relationship between diameters and mass was linear, and the correlation was high for all studied cultivars and mixed cultivar (combined all data). There was a linear relation between mass and volume of the mixed cultivar of mandarin with a high coefficient of determination.
Effects of ThermoMechanical Coupling in Tribological Surface Transformations: A One-Dimensional Modelling Including Irreversible Solid-Solid Phase Transformations and Classical Plasticity
Authors: Antoni Grégory
Published: April 2013

Under compressive loads combined with friction, some materials undergo Tribological Surface Transformations (TSTs) on the surface of the loaded parts and in the immediately vicinity, which in the case of metals, are known as irreversible solid-solid phase transformations. During the solid-solid phase transformations occurring under mechanical loads, TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) processes are generated at much lower stress levels than those associated with the yield strength of the material in classical plasticity. In order to assess the effects of thermomechanical coupling in these TSTs, a one-dimensional modelling based on irreversible solid-solid phase transformations and classical plasticity is presented and discussed.
F-Expansion Method and Its Application for Finding New Exact Solutions to the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov Equation
Authors: Zhao Yun-Mei
Published: April 2013

Based on theF-expansion method, and the extended version ofF-expansion method, we investigate the exact solutions of the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation. With the aid of Maple, more exact solutions expressed by Jacobi elliptic function are obtained. When the modulus m of Jacobi elliptic function is driven to the limits 1 and 0, some exact solutions expressed by hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric functions can also be obtained.
Adduct of Malondialdehyde to Hemoglobin: A New Marker of Oxidative Stress That Is Associated with Significant Morbidity in Preterm Infants
Authors: Cipierre Cécile , Haÿs Stéphane , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Steghens Jean-Paul , Picaud Jean-Charles
Published: April 2013

Preterm infants (PT) are particularly exposed to oxidative stress (OS), and a blood-sparing marker, the malondialdehyde adduct to hemoglobin (MDA-Hb), may be useful to accurately assess OS-related neonatal morbidity. In a prospective study, MDA-Hb concentrations were assessed in two groups of PT, one with and one without severe neonatal morbidity as estimated by a composite index of severe morbidity (ISM). All PT born in a single tertiary care NICU (<32 weeks and birth weight<1500 g) were consecutively included. MDA-Hb and blood glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry during the first 6 weeks of life. Linear regressions and a multilevel model were fitted to study the relationship between MDA-Hb or GSH and ISM. Of the 83 PT (mean ± SD:28.3±2weeks,1089±288 g), 21% presented severe neonatal morbidity. In the multivariate model, MDA-Hb concentrations were significantly higher in the ISM+ group than in the ISM– group during the first 6 weeks of life (P=0.009). No significant difference in GSH concentrations was observed between groups (P=0.180). MDA-Hb is a marker of interest for estimating oxidative stress in PT and could be useful to evaluate the impact of strategies to improve perinatal outcomes.
Stochastic Delay Population Dynamics under Regime Switching: Global Solutions and Extinction
Authors: Wu Zheng , Huang Hao , Wang Lianglong
Published: April 2013

This paper is concerned with a delay Lotka-Volterra model under regime switching diffusion in random environment. By using generalized Itô formula, Gronwall inequality and Young’s inequality, some sufficient conditions for existence of global positive solutions and stochastically ultimate boundedness are obtained, respectively. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the main results.
Prevalence, Comorbid Associations and Prognostic Value of the Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign
Authors: Aouad Patrick , Hughes Andrew , Valecha Nishant , Gawarikar Yash , Ahmad Kate , O'Neil Ross , Guduguntla Murali , Lueck Christian
Published: April 2013

Background. The significance of the Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign (HMCAS) is uncertain. Aims. This prospective study investigated the sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, prognosis, interobserver variability, and associated clinical features of HMCAS in acute ischemic stroke. Methods. Initial CT scans of 117 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 65 age-matched controls were reported independently by two neuroradiologists blinded to diagnosis. Details of initial stroke severity and comorbidities were collected, and outcome on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was assessed at 3–6 months. Results. HMCAS was seen in 15% of all ischemic strokes and 25% of all middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes; specificity was 100%. HMCAS was associated with more severe initial deficit and atrial fibrillation. Only 21% of patients with a first-ever MCA stroke and HMCAS had a good outcome (mRS≤2) compared to 55% of those without the sign (P<0.001). Interobserver agreement was only 0.747 (Kappa statistic). Conclusion. The prevalence, specificity, sensitivity, and clinical associations of HMCAS were similar to previous reports. This study confirmed prospectively that HMCAS was associated with a poorer outcome at 3 to 6 months and demonstrated interobserver variability in detection of the sign.
Historical Aspects of Propolis Research in Modern Times
Authors: Kuropatnicki Andrzej K. , Szliszka Ewelina , Krol Wojciech
Published: April 2013

Propolis (bee glue) has been known for centuries. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians were aware of the healing properties of propolis and made extensive use of it as a medicine. In the middle ages propolis was not a very popular topic and its use in mainstream medicine disappeared. However, the knowledge of medicinal properties of propolis survived in traditional folk medicine. The interest in propolis returned in Europe together with the renaissance theory ofad fontes. It has only been in the last century that scientists have been able to prove that propolis is as active and important as our forefathers thought. Research on chemical composition of propolis started at the beginning of the twentieth century and was continued after WW II. Advances in chromatographic analytical methods enabled separation and extraction of several components from propolis. At least 180 different compounds have been identified so far. Its antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anesthetic, and healing properties have been confirmed. Propolis has been effectively used in treatment of dermatological, laryngological, and gynecological problems, neurodegenerative diseases, in wound healing, and in treatment of burns and ulcers. However, it requires further research that may lead to new discoveries of its composition and possible applications.
Argumentative SOX Compliant and Quality Decision Support Intelligent Expert System over the Suppliers Selection Process
Authors: Fernandez Canelas Jesus Angel , Martin Martin Quintin , Corchado Rodriguez Juan Manuel
Published: April 2013

The objective of this paper is to define a decision support system over SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) compatibility and quality of the Suppliers Selection Process based on Artificial Intelligence and Argumentation Theory knowledge and techniques. The present SOX Law, in effect nowadays, was created to improve financial government control over US companies. This law is a factor standard out United States due to several factors like present globalization, expansion of US companies, or key influence of US stock exchange markets worldwide. This paper constitutes a novel approach to this kind of problems due to following elements: (1) it has an optimized structure to look for the solution, (2) it has a dynamic learning method to handle court and control gonvernment bodies decisions, (3) it uses fuzzy knowledge to improve its performance, and (4) it uses its past accumulated experience to let the system evolve far beyond its initial state.
Gene Expression Changes in Venous Segment of Overflow Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Okamoto Akiko , Saitoh Hisao , Hatakeyama Shingo , Yoneyama Takahiro , Koie Takuya , Ohyama Chikara
Published: April 2013

Aim. The objective of this study was to characterize coordinated molecular changes in the structure and composition of the walls of venous segments of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas evoked by overflow.Methods. Venous tissue samples were collected from 6 hemodialysis patients with AV fistulas exposed to overflow and from the normal cephalic veins of 4 other hemodialysis patients. Total RNA was extracted from the venous tissue samples, and gene expression between the 2 groups was compared using Whole Human Genome DNA microarray 44 K. Microarray data were analyzed by GeneSpring GX software and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.Results. The cDNA microarray analysis identified 397 upregulated genes and 456 downregulated genes. Gene ontology analysis with GeneSpring GX software revealed that biological developmental processes and glycosaminoglycan binding were the most upregulated. In addition, most upregulation occurred extracellularly. In the pathway analysis, the TGF beta signaling pathway, cytokines and inflammatory response pathway, hypertrophy model, and the myometrial relaxation and contraction pathway were significantly upregulated compared with the control cephalic vein.Conclusion. Combining microarray results and pathway information available via the Internet provided biological insight into the structure and composition of the venous wall of overflow AV fistulas.
Regulation of Cardiac MicroRNAs by Cardiac MicroRNAs
Authors: Matkovich Scot J. , Hu Yuanxin , Dorn Gerald W.
Published: April 2013

Rationale:

MicroRNAs modestly suppress their direct mRNA targets, and these direct effects are amplified by modulation of gene transcription pathways. Consequently, indirect mRNA modulatory effects of microRNAs to increase or decrease mRNAs greatly outnumber direct target suppressions. Because microRNAs are products of transcription, the potential exists for microRNAs that regulate transcription to regulate other microRNAs.

Objective:

Determine whether cardiac-expressed microRNAs regulate expression of other cardiac microRNAs, and measure the impact of microRNA-mediated microRNA regulation on indirect regulation of nontarget mRNAs.

Methods and Results:

Transgenic expression of pre-microRNAs was used to generate mouse hearts expressing 6- to 16-fold normal levels of microRNA (miR)-143, miR-378, and miR-499. Genome-wide mRNA and microRNA signatures were established using deep sequencing; expression profiles provoked by each microRNA were defined. miR-143 suppressed its direct cardiac mRNA target hexokinase 2, but exhibited little indirect target regulation and did not regulate other cardiac microRNAs. Both miR-378 and miR-499 indirectly regulated hundreds of cardiac mRNAs and 15 to 30 cardiac microRNAs. MicroRNA overexpression did not alter normal processing of either transgenic or endogenous cardiac microRNAs, and microRNA-mediated regulation of other microRNAs encoded within parent genes occurred in tandem with parent mRNAs. MicroRNA regulation by miR-378 and miR-499 was stimulus specific, and contributed to observed mRNA downregulation.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs that modulate cardiac transcription can indirectly regulate other microRNAs. Transcriptional modulation by microRNAs, and microRNA-mediated microRNA regulation, help explain how small direct effects of microRNAs are amplified to generate striking phenotypes.
Interactions Between Vascular Wall and Perivascular Adipose Tissue Reveal Novel Roles for Adiponectin in the Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Function in Human Vessels
Authors: Margaritis Marios , Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Digby Janet , Lee Regent , Reilly Svetlana , Coutinho Patricia , Shirodaria Cheerag , Sayeed Rana , Petrou Mario , De Silva Ravi , Jalilzadeh Shapour , Demosthenous Michael , Bakogiannis Constantinos , Tousoulis Dimitris , Stefanadis Christodoulos , Choudhury Robin P. , Casadei Barbara , Channon Keith M. , Antoniades Charalambos
Published: April 2013

Background—

Adiponectin is an adipokine with potentially important roles in human cardiovascular disease states. We studied the role of adiponectin in the cross-talk between adipose tissue and vascular redox state in patients with atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results—

The study included 677 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in vivo and by vasomotor studies in saphenous vein segments ex vivo. Vascular superoxide (O
2
−
) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling were quantified in saphenous vein and internal mammary artery segments. Local adiponectin gene expression and ex vivo release were quantified in perivascular (saphenous vein and internal mammary artery) subcutaneous and mesothoracic adipose tissue from 248 patients. Circulating adiponectin was independently associated with nitric oxide bioavailability and O
2
−
production/eNOS uncoupling in both arteries and veins. These findings were supported by a similar association between functional polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene and vascular redox state. In contrast, local adiponectin gene expression/release in perivascular adipose tissue was positively correlated with O
2
−
and eNOS uncoupling in the underlying vessels. In ex vivo experiments with human saphenous veins and internal mammary arteries, adiponectin induced Akt-mediated eNOS phosphorylation and increased tetrahydrobiopterin bioavailability, improving eNOS coupling. In ex vivo experiments with human saphenous veins/internal mammary arteries and adipose tissue, we demonstrated that peroxidation products produced in the vascular wall (ie, 4-hydroxynonenal) upregulate adiponectin gene expression in perivascular adipose tissue via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ–dependent mechanism.

Conclusions—

We demonstrate for the first time that adiponectin improves the redox state in human vessels by restoring eNOS coupling, and we identify a novel role of vascular oxidative stress in the regulation of adiponectin expression in human perivascular adipose tissue.
The West Indies play Wembley
Authors: August Tom
Published: April 2013

The Wembley British Empire Exhibition of 1924 familiarized the public with the resources and products of the Empire. In this decade of severe economic dislocation and indebtness attention was now focused on the commercial value of the colonies rather than on the jingoism of earlier exhibitions.
The tropical rain forests of Suriname : exploitation and management 1600-1975
Authors: Boomgaard Peter
Published: April 2013

First, an introduction of the geomorphology of Suriname and the characteristics of its forests is given. Then, the author explains how it is possible that Suriname still has a high proportion of tropical rainforest while it has been a plantation economy for centuries. He looks at the usual sources of destruction of wooded areas, government policy, role of the Forest Service, and Western enterprise.
Revolution on the mind: Cuba, between fact and fable
Authors: Stubbs Jean
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]To make a world safe for revolution: Cuba's foreign policy. JORGE I. DOMÏNGUEZ. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1989. viii + 365 pp. (Cloth US$ 35.00)U.S. - Cuba relations in the 1990s. JORGE I. DoMfNGUEZ & RAFAEL HERNANDEZ (eds.). Boulder CO: Westview, 1989. ix + 324 pp. (Cloth US$ 42.00, Paper US$ 15.95)Transformation and struggle: Cuba faces the 1990s. SANDOR HALEBSKY & JOHN M. KIRK (eds.). with the assistance of Rafael Hernéndez. New York: Praeger, 1990. xxvi + 291 pp. (Cloth US$ 45.00, Paper US$ 17.95)"A masterpiece of political intrigue" was one description of Jorge Dominguez' earlier book, Cuba: order and revolution; and it is a fitting comment for its sequel foreign policy volume. Dominguez himself opens with: "This is not a book of fiction, yet much of the story seems a fantasy." The story is how, from 1959 to 1988, Cuban leaders sought "to make a world safe for revolution" and, in the process, that small country Cuba came to have "the foreign policy of a big power." In his thorough, methodical fashion, Dominguez marshalls a wealth of documentary evidence from varied and conflicting sources, backed with extensive interview material, to paint a "behind the scènes" story of policymakers and their policy.
Forging a Black identity
Authors: Chevannes Barry
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]The Rastafarians: sounds of cultural dissonance [revised and updated editionj. LEONARD E. BARRETT, SR. Boston: Beacon Press, 1988. xviii + 302 pp. (Paper US$ 11.95)Rasta and resistance: from Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney. HORACE CAMPBELL. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1987. xiii + 236 pp. (Cloth US$32.95, Paper US$ 10.95)Garvey's children: the legacy of Marcus Garvey. TONY SEWELL. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1990. 128 pp. (Paper £ 17.95)The central theme linking these three titles is the evolution of a black identity among English-speaking Caribbean peoples, in particular Jamaicans. Consequently all three authors cover the two most important historical phenomena in Caribbean black nationalism, namely Garveyism and Rastafari, one focusing on the former and the other two focusing on the latter.
The Caribbean and the Wild Coast
Authors: Goslinga Marian
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]Suriname: a bibliography, 1980-1989. Jo DERKX & IRENE ROLFES. Leiden, the Netherlands: Department of Caribbean Studies, KITLV/Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, 1990. x + 297 pp. (Paper NLG 25.00)La Caraïbe politique et internationale: bibliographie politologique avec références économiques et socio-culturelles. MICHEL L. MARTIN. Paris: L'Harmattan,1990. xvii + 287 pp.Suriname. ROSEMARIJN HOEFTE. Oxford and Santa Barbara CA: Clio Press, 1990. xxx + 229 pp. (Cloth US$ 45.00)Although in North American academie circles interest in Suriname (or the Wild Coast, as the area was originally called) has always been marginal, the same cannot be said for the Dutch, for whom the former colony continues to hold an enduring fascination. Not only have the Dutch studied the country's historical beginnings assiduously, but Suriname's controversial relationship with the former mother country assures it a definite place in contemporary social and political thought.
Origins of the Suriname Kwinti Maroons
Authors: Hoogbergen Wim
Published: April 2013

Narrative history of the Kwinti Maroons covering approximately 250 years. They had settled West of Paramaribo before 1750. Only in 1887, 24 years after the abolition of slavery, did the authorities acknowledge the Kwinti as free Maroons. Based on archival sources in Suriname and the Netherlands.
Invisible woman: female slavery in the New World
Authors: Rust Marion
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]Slave women in Caribbean society, 1650-1838, by BARBARA BUSH. Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 1990. xiii + 190 pp. (Cloth US$ 29.95,Paper US$ 12.50) [Published simultaneously by: James Curry, London, &Heinemann Publishers (Caribbean), Kingston.]Within the plantation household: Black and White women of the Old South,by ELIZABETH FOX-GENOVESE. Chapel Hill: University of North CarolinaPress, 1988. xvii + 544 pp. (Cloth US$ 34.95, Paper US$ 12.95)Slave women in the New World: gender stratiftcation in the Caribbean, byMARIETTA MORRISSEY. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989. xiv +202 pp. (Cloth US$ 29.95)In a letter to his son in 1760, Chesapeake slaveowner Charles Carrol employed a curious euphemism for woman: "fair sex." Obviously, he wasn't thinking of his slaves. An attempt to remedy his negligence by considering this popular definition of eighteenth-century womanhood in relation to the females he forgot reveals this highly restrictive code to be exclusionary as well, for the difficulty of figuring out how brown or black skin can be "fair" suggests that a bondwoman in the New World was not, according to dominant ideology, a woman. Slavery made nonsense of female gender in the case of those whose labor allo wed white society its definition. A contemporary observer reveals just how thorough was the distinction between white womanly passivity and whatever unnamed oblivion was left to black females: "The labor of the slave thus becomes the substitute for that of the woman" (Smith 1980:70; Dew 1970 [1832]:36).
Callaloo
Authors: Price Sally , Price Richard
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]"Callaloo" follows, in historically correct sequence, its culinary antecedent, "Caribbean pepper-pot" (NWIG 58:89-98); it is devoted to books that for one or another reason have fallen through the cracks of the review process. Some represent titles for which the book review editors have found it impossible, despite repeated efforts, to find a consenting reviewer; others lie on the periphery of geographical or topical categories we cover; yet others do not, in our view, merit longer review in this journal. But all, we think, deserve to be brought to the attention of NWIG readers. Unlike a Books Received column, Callaloo is retrospective; it is intended to complement the substantial section of the journal devoted to reviews themselves.
1865: prologue to the Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica
Authors: Heuman Gad
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]1865 was a crucial year for Jamaica. In October, the Morant Bay Rebellion transformed the colony's political structure as well as that of most of the British Caribbean. Led by a native Baptist deacon, Paul Bogle, the rebellion engulfed the parish of St. Thomas in the East. The subsequent repression by British forces and by the Jamaican Maroons resulted in the deaths of nearly 500 blacks. Yet although the rebellion itself has received considerable attention, there has been relatively little discussion about the nine months which preceded the outbreak (Craton 1988; Curtin 1955; Green 1976; Hall 1959; Heuman 1981; Robotham 1981). This is surprising in light of the highly politicized state of the island during most of 1865. This paper therefore seeks to discuss these developments; it focuses especially on island politics and on the widescale public meetings which took place throughout the island during the year.1
Development of a prehistoric interaction sphere in the northern Lesser Antilles
Authors: Haviser J.B.
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]INTRODUCTION This paper identifies the development of a prehistoric interaction sphere among a specific cluster of northern Lesser Antillean islands, by examining physicalgeography, natural resources and archaeological remains. The islands used for this study are Anguilla, St. Martin-St. Maarten (hereafter to be referred to simply as St. Martin), Dog Island, St. Barthelemew (St. Baits) and their adjacent cays. It is suggested that the processes of divergent evolution and adaptive radiation increased the isolation of economic exploitation and social adaptations, thus allowing for the emergence of a cluster specific interaction sphere.
Spanish influence in the lexicon of Trinidadian English Creole
Authors: Winer Lise , Aguilar Edith Lily
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]This paper investigates the influence of Spanish on the lexicon of Trinidadian English Creole (TEC), within a socio-historical context, and the socio-cultural factors which have influenced the retention or disappearance of words in particular domains. A list of all TEC words of known (and some of suspected) Spanish derivation is included, enabling discussion of this case as a particular illustration of general principles of linguistic borrowing.
A colonial counter economy: tobacco production on Española, 1500-1870
Authors: Baud Michiel
Published: April 2013

Examination of some aspects of the peasant economy which in defiance of the central government was based on the cultivation of tobacco. The author emphasizes the dynamics of economic change on a local level in the Cibao. Tobacco cultivation created a mercantile class in the towns, which eventually became an important social force.
The struggle for respectability: Methodism and Afro-Caribbean culture on 19th century Nevis
Authors: Olwig Karen Fog
Published: April 2013

The relationship between the English Methodists and the Afro-Caribbean population was one informed by different cultural frameworks as well as different class interests. The author examines the missionizing activities in the English-speaking Caribbean, in particular Nevis.
Inkle and Yarico: the construction of alterity from history to literature
Authors: Sandiford Keith A.
Published: April 2013

Article examines how the principal narratives of Richard Ligon, Richard Steele, and George Colman provide a basis for studying the textualization and transformation of private history into public myth.
Rastafari: towards a new approach
Authors: Chevannes Barry
Published: April 2013

Author looks at the Rastafari movement not as a purely social structure type of perspective and tries to see it in the context of cultural continuity. He examines the relationship of Rastafari to Revivalism and looks at the structure of the movement itself.
A note on 18th- and 19th-century plantation inventories from Martinique
Authors: Cottias Myriam
Published: April 2013

Exploration of Martiniquan slave inventories in the 18th and 19th centuries. The author shows that each plantation had its own mode of classifying slaves: by age, by age and sex, by family groups or following some other order.
Cuba now
Authors: Sunshine Catherine A.
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]The Cuba reader: the making of a revolutionary society. PHILIP BRENNER, WILLIAM M. LEOGRANDE, DONNA RICH, and DANIEL SIEGEL (eds.). New York: Grove Press, 1989. xxxv + 564 pp. (Paper US $14.95). Cuba: the test of time. JEAN STUBBS. London: Latin America Bureau, 1989. xvii + 142 pp. (Paper UK £3.95). Cuba: politics, economics and society. MAX AZICRI. London: Pinter Publishers Ltd., 1988. xxiii + 276 pp. (Cloth US $35.00, Paper US $12.50). Cuba libre: breaking the chains? PETER MARSHALL. Boston: Faber & Faber, 1987. viii + 300 pp. (Cloth US $18.95). The closest of enemies: a personal and diplomatic account of U.S.-Cuban relations since 1957. WAYNE S. SMITH. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Co., 1987. 308 pp. (Paper US $8.95). Imperial state and revolution: the United States and Cuba, 1952-1986. MORRIS H. MORLEY. New Rochelle, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. ix + 571 pp. (Paper US $16.95, Cloth US $59.50). From confrontation to negotiation: U.S. relations with Cuba. PHILIP BRENNER. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988. x + 118 pp. (Cloth US $30.00, Paper US $9.95).Nineteen eighty-eight marked the completion of the Cuban revolution's third decade. Several events that year suggested that Cubans might finally look forward to a lessening of the island's international isolation, if not its domestic economic woes. The revolution had survived eight years of hostility from the Reagan administration. Washington's attempts to secure international censure of Cuba on human rights grounds had culminated in the visit of a United Nations delegation, at Havana's invitation and with relatively little damage to Cuba's image. Fidel Castro's visits to Ecuador and Mexico to attend the inaugurations of two Latin American presidents underscored Cuba's reinsertion into the hemispheric community. Finally, Cuban military successes against South African troops in Angola and Cuba's role in the subsequent negotiations over Angola and Namibia were a source of pride.
Divided loyalties: local politics and the play of states among the Aluku
Authors: Bilby Kenneth M.
Published: April 2013

Aluku village of Kotika in Suriname serves as an example how political alignments sometimes influence the definition of ethnic identities and interethnic relations. The Alukus in French Guiana and their Surinamese Maroon neighbours the Ndjuka and Paramaka show evidence of increasingly growing apart, even though these tribes possess similar cultures. Political separation thus heightens cultural differences.
Aluku
Authors: Hoogbergen Wim
Published: April 2013

Systematic outline of present information on Aluku, an important headman in the second war between the Boni-Maroons and the Dutch. The author uses the 1961 account of the Moravian brother Axwijk as a starting point. Then he introduces other secondary sources on the oral tradition of the Maroons as well as archival records to describe Aluku's life.
Working for the man: a Saramaka outlook on Kouro
Authors: Price Sally , Price Richard
Published: April 2013

Article on Saramaka Maroons from Suriname who work and live in French Guiana. The authors call for recognition of the Saramaka's contribution to the economy and culture of French Guiana and that these Maroons will be integrated more fully in society.
At home with a prospector in French Guiana: a sketch
Authors: Strobel Michele Baj
Published: April 2013

Author describes the life of Derik Pinel, a St Lucian Creole who lives in French Guiana. Pinel is one of Guiana's last gold propectors at the Maroni River basin. This river is inhabited by three populations -Creoles, Maroons, and Amerindians- who share the same natural environment but each one's way of life is distinctive.
Book Reviews
Authors: KITLV Redactie
Published: April 2013

-Raymond T. Smith, John Gabriel Stedman, Narrative of a five years expedition against the revolted negroes of Surinam in Guiana on the Wild Coast of South-America from the year 1772 to the year 1777. Edited by Richard Price and Sally Price. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. xcvii + 708 pp.-Richard Price, John Gabriel Stedman, Reize naar Surinamen, door den Capitein John Gabriel Stedman, met platen en kaarten, naar het Engelsch, Jos Fontaine (ed.) Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1987. 176 pp.-Robert L. Paquette, David Eltis, Economic growth and the ending of the transatlantic slave trade. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. xiii + 418 pp.-Robert L. Paquette, Robin Blackburn, The overthrow of colonial slavery, 1776-1848. London and New York: Verso, 1988. 560 pp.-Jack P. Greene, Selwyn H.H. Carrington, The British West Indies during the American revolution. The Netherlands: Foris Publications, 1988. 222 pp.-H. Hoetink, Angel G. Quintero Rivera, Patricios y plebeyos: burgueses, hacendados, artesanos y obreros. Las relaciones de clase en el Puerto Rico de cambio de siglo. Rio Piedras, P.R. Ediciones Huracán, 1988. 332 pp.
Sugar technology and slave labor in Martinique, 1830-1848
Authors: Tomich Dale
Published: April 2013

Examination of the transformation of the world and national sugar markets during the first part of the 19th century. At that time conditions for improvements in productive technique that developed this integration of agricultural and manufacturing processes to its fullest extent were created.
Commentary: the search for a unified field theory
Authors: Craton Michael
Published: April 2013

[First paragraph]The conference sessions of which the foregoing articles are the fruit were dedicated to the discussion of the interrelationship of changing labour systems and technologies in Caribbean sugar plantations between 1750and 1900. What made the exercise frustrating and incomplete as well as challenging and important was that it clearly involved many more variables besides those of labour and technology. However widely labour and technology are defined, at least five other related and intertwined factorshave to be considered: the availability and suitability of land; the supply of capital; the access to markets and market prices; management strategies, attitudes and personnel; and finally, changing economie policies – specifically those designed to speed the transition from narrow mercantilist units to a world-wide "free trade" system.
The amelioration of British West Indian slavery, 1750-1834: technical change and the plough
Authors: Ward J.R.
Published: April 2013

Discussion of technical adaption during the period of slavery, achieved through modified processing equipment, and greater attention to manuring, livestock, and fodder supplies. The author examines also the plough as a substitute for the hoe in cultivation.
Book Reviews
Authors: KITLV Redactie
Published: April 2013

-Brenda Plummer, Carol S. Holzberg, Minorities and power in a black society: the Jewish community of Jamaica. Maryland: The North-South Publishing Company, Inc., 1987. xxx + 259 pp.-Scott Guggenheim, Nina S. de Friedemann ,De sol a sol: genesis, transformacion, y presencia de los negros en Colombia. Bogota: Planeta Columbiana Editorial, 1986. 47 1pp., Jaime Arocha (eds)-Brian L. Moore, Mary Noel Menezes, Scenes from the history of the Portuguese in Guyana. London: Sister M.N. Menezes, RSM, 1986. vii + 175 PP.-Charles Rutheiser, Brian L. Moore, Race, power, and social segmentation in colonial society: Guyana after slavery 1838-1891. New York; Gordon and Breach, 1987. 310 pp.-Thomas Fiehrer, Virginia R. Dominguez, White by definition: social classification in Creole Louisiana. Rutgers, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1986. xviii + 325 pp.-Kenneth Lunn, Brian D. Jacobs, Black politics and urban crisis in Britain. Cambridge, London, New Rochelle, Melbourne and Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1986. vii + 227 pp.-Brian D. Jacobs, Kenneth Lunn, Race and labour in twentieth-cenruty Britain, London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd., 1985. 186 pp.-Kenneth M. Bilby, Dick Hebdige, Cut 'n' mix: culture, identity and Caribbean Music. New York: Metheun and Co. Ltd, 1987. 177 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Robert Dirks, The black saturnalia: conflict and its ritual expression on British West Indian slave plantations. Gainesville, Fl.: University of Florida Press, Monographs in Social Sciences No. 72. xvii + 228.-Marilyn Silverman, James Howe, The Kuna gathering: contemporary village politics in Panama. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1986. xvi + 326 pp.-Paget Henry, Evelyne Huber Stephens ,Democratic socialism in Jamaica: the political movement and social transformation in dependent capitalism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xx + 423 pp., John D. Stephens (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Scott B. Macdonald, Trinidad and Tobago: democracy and development in the Caribbean. New York, Connecticut, London: Praeger Publishers, 1986. ix + 213 pp.-Brian L. Moore, Kempe Ronald Hope, Guyana: politics and development in an emergent socialist state. Oakville, New York, London: Mosaic Press, 1985, 136 pp.-Roland I. Perusse, Richard J. Bloomfield, Puerto Rico: the search for a national policy. Boulder and London: Westview Press, Westview Special Studies on Latin America and the Caribbean, 1985. x + 192 pp.-Charles Gilman, Manfred Gorlach ,Focus on the Caribbean. 1986. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins., John A. Holm (eds)-Viranjini Munasinghe, EPICA, The Caribbean: survival, struggle and sovereignty. Washington, EPICA (Ecumenical Program for Interamerican Communication and Action), 1985.-B.W. Higman, Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and power: the place of sugar in modern history. New York: Elisabeth Sifton Books, Viking Penguin Inc., 1985. xxx + 274 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: KITLV Redactie
Published: April 2013

-Richard Price, C.G.A. Oldendorp, C.G.A. Oldendorp's history of the Mission of the Evangelical Brethren on the Caribbean Islands of St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John. Edited by Johann Jakob Bossard. English edition and translation by Arnold R. Highfield and Vladimir Barac. Ann Arbor MI: Karoma, 1987. xxxv + 737 pp.-Peter J. Wilson, Lawrence E. Fisher, Colonial madness: mental health in the Barbadian social order. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1985. xvi + 215 pp.-George N. Cave, R.B. le Page ,Acts of identity: Creloe-based approaches to language and ethnicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. x + 275 pp., Andree Tabouret-Keller (eds)-H. Hoetink, Julia G. Crane, Saba silhouettes: life stories from a Caribbean island. Julia G. Crane (ed), New York: Vantage Press, 1987. x + 515 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Anne Walmsley ,Facing the sea: a new anthology from the Caribbean region. London and Kingston: Heinemann, 1986. ix + 151 pp., Nick Caistor, 190 (eds)-Melvin B. Rahming, Mark McWatt, West Indian literature and its social context. Cave Hill, Barbados, Department of English, 1985.-David Barry Gaspar, Rebecca J. Scott, Slave emancipation in Cuba: the transition to free labor, 1860-1899. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1985. xviii + 319 pp.-Mary Butler, Louis A. Perez Jr., Cuba under the Platt agreement, 1902-1934. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1986. xvii + 410 pp.-Ana M. Rodríguez-Ward, Idsa E. Alegria Ortega, La comisión del status de Puerto Rico: su historia y significación. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Universitaria. 1982. ix + 214 pp.-Alain Buffon, Jean Crusol, Changer la Martinique: initiation a l'économie des Antilles. Paris: Editions Caribeennes, 1986. 96 pp.-Klaus de Albuquerque, Bonham C. Richardson, Panama money in Barbados, 1900-1920. Knoxville: University of Tennesse Press, 1985. xiv + 283 pp.-Steven R. Nachman, Marcel Fredericks ,Society and health in Guyana: the sociology of health care in a developing nation. Authors include Janet Fredericks. Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 1986. xv + 173 pp., John Lennon, Paul Mundy (eds)
Book Reviews
Authors: KITLV Redactie
Published: April 2013

-Robert L. Paquette, David Barry Gaspar, Bondmen and rebels: a study of master-slave relations in Antigua with implications for colonial British America. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Series in Atlantic History, Culture and Society, 1985. xx + 338 pp.-John Johnson, Latin American Politics: A historical bibliography, Clio Bibliography Series No. 16 (ABC Clio Information Services, Santa Barbara, 1984).-John Johnson, Columbus Memorial Library, Travel accounts and descriptions of Latin American and the Caribbean, 1800-1920: A selected bibliography (Organization of American States, Washington D.C. 1982).-Susan Willis, Aart G. Broek, Something rich like chocolate. Aart G. Broek, (Editorial Kooperativo Antiyano 'Kolibri', Curacao) 1985.-Robert A. Myers, C.J.M.R. Gullick, Myths of a minority: the changing traditions of the Vincentian Caribs. Assen: Van Gorcum, Series: Studies of developing countries, no. 30, 1985. vi + 211 pp.-Jay. R. Mandle, Paget Henry, Peripheral capitalism and underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1985. 274 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Gary Puckrein, Little England: Plantation society and Anglo-Barbadian politics, 1627-1700. New York and London: New York University Press, 1984. xxiv + 235 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: KITLV Redactie
Published: April 2013

-Jean Benoist, Jean-Luc Bonniol, Terre-de-Haut des Saintes: contraintes insulaires et particularisme ethnique dans la Caraïbe. Paris: Editions Caribéennes, 1980. 377 pp.-Drexel G. Woodson, Michel S. Laguerre, The complete Haitiana: a bibliographic guide to the scholarly literature, 1900-1980. Millwood NY and Lodon: Kraus International Publications. 2 vols., lxxiii + 1562 pp.-Mervyn C. Alleyne, Albert Valdman, Haitian Creole - English - French Dictionary. Written with Sara Yoder, Craige Roberts, Yves Joseph et al. Bloomington: Indiana University Creole Institue, 1981. 2 vols.: xx + 582 pp., 142 pp.-John V. Murra, Jacques Carmeleau Antoine, Jean Price-Mars and Haiti. Washington, D.C.: Three Continents Press, 1981. v + 224 pp.-Reginald Butler, Gertrude Fraser, James A. Rawley, The transatlantic slave-trade: a history. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1981. xiv + 452 pp.-A.J.R. Russell-Wood, A.C. de C.M. Saunders, A social history of black slaves and freedmen in Portugal, 1441-1555. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. xviii + 283 pp.-Frank Spencer, Nancy Stepan, The idea of race in science: Great Britain, 1800-1960. Hamden CT: Archon Books (Shoe String Press), 1982. xxi + 230 pp.-Helen I. Safa, Margaret Randall, Women in Cuba: twenty years later. Photographs by Judy Janda. New York: Smyrna Press, 1981. 167 pp.-Helen I. Safa, Inger Holt-Seeland, Women of Cuba. Photographs by Jorgen Schytte. (Translated from the Spanish by Elizabeth Hamilton Lacoste with Mirtha Quintanales and José Vigo). Westport CT: Lawrence Hill, 1982. 109 pp.-Alex Stepick, Douglas S. Butterworth, The people of Buena Ventura: relocation of slum dwellers in postrevolutionary Cuba. Urbana, Chicago and London: University of Illinois Press, 1980. xxix + 157 pp.-Laird W. Bergad, Fernando Picó, Amargo café: los pequeños y medianos caficultores de Utuado en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Ediciones Huracán, 1981. 162 pp.-John Holm, Jaime Wheelock Roman, La Mosquitia en la Revolución. Centro de Investigación y Estudios de la Reforma Agraria. Managua, Nicaragua: Colección Blas Real Espinales, 1981. 308 pp.-Edward Dew, Henk Boom, Staatsgreep in Suriname: de opstand van de sergeanten op de voet gevolgd. Utrecht/Amsterdam: Veen, Uitgeverij, 1982. 192 pp.-Angela M. Carreño, René Römer, Curacao. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Association of Caribbean Universities and Research Institutes, 1981. 244 pp.-Klaus de Albuquerque, William W. Boyer, Civil liberties in the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1917-1949. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: Antilles Graphic Arts, 1982, xi + 184 pp.
Vodú Chic: Haitian Religion and the Folkloric Imaginary in Socialist Cuba
Authors: Viddal Grete
Published: April 2013

During the first three decades of the twentieth century, hundreds of thousands of Haitian agricultural laborers arrived in Cuba seeking employment in the expanding sugar industry. Historically, Haitian cane cutters were marginal and occupied the lowest socio-economic status in Cuban society. Until relatively recently, the maintenance of Haitian spiritual beliefs, music, dance, and language in Cuba were associated with rural isolation and poverty. Today however, the continuation of Haitian customs is no longer linked with isolation, but exactly the opposite: performance troupes, heritage festivals, art exhibitions, the circulation of religious specialists, collaborations with research centers and academia, endorsement by music promoters, and the tourism industry. Cubans of Haitian heritage have found innovative ways to transform the abject into the exotic, and are currently gaining a public voice in cultural production, particularly through folkloric performance.