bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the use of Preventive Medical Care in Malaysia: Evidence from National Health and Morbidity Survey Data
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Tang Chor Foon
Published: June 2017

An increase in the prevalence of modifiable health risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, has become a serious public health issue in developed and developing countries. It is the main contributing factor to the rise in non‐communicable diseases (NCD). The use of preventive medical care remains the best method to prevent NCD. The objective of the present study is to examine the factors affecting the decisions of people to use preventive medical care (e.g. blood glucose tests, blood cholesterol tests and blood pressure test). An ordered logit model is estimated based on a nationally representative sample. The present study finds that income, age, education, ethnicity, employment status, health insurance and smoking are significantly associated with the use of preventive medical care. As a measure towards increasing the prevalence of the preventive medical care usage, the government should pay special attention to low income earners, the young and the elderly, the less‐educated, the ethnic minorities, employed individuals, individuals whose medical expenses are not paid by insurance carriers, as well as smokers.
Red blood cells free α‐haemoglobin pool: a biomarker to monitor the β‐thalassemia intermedia variability. The ALPHAPOOL study
Authors: Vasseur Corinne , Domingues‐Hamdi Elisa , Ledudal Katia , Le Corvoisier Philippe , Barau Caroline , Ghaleh Bijan , Rialland Amandine , Pissard Serge , Galactéros Frédéric , Baudin‐Creuza Véronique
Published: June 2017

The severity of β‐thalassaemia (β‐thal) intermedia is mainly correlated to the degree of imbalanced α/non α‐globin chain synthesis. The phenotypic diversity of β‐thal depends on this imbalance and reflects all possible combinations of α‐ and β‐globin genotypes, levels of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) and co‐inheritance of other modulating factors. This study aimed to demonstrate the validity of a new surrogate of α/non α‐globin biosynthetic ratio by measuring the soluble α‐Hb pool in lysed red blood cells. Our results confirm that the α‐Hb pool measurement allows a good discrimination between β‐thal intermedia patients, controls and α‐thal patients (P < 0·003). Receiver operator characteristic analyses revealed an area under the curve of 0·978 for the α‐Hb pool measurement at a threshold of 120 ng free α‐Hb/mg of total Hb/ml of haemolysate (ppm) with a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 100%, respectively, to discriminate between β‐thal and not β‐thal subjects. Significant correlations were observed between the α‐Hb pool and biological parameters of β‐thal, the most significant association being observed with red cell hexokinase activity. This study indicates that the α‐Hb pool could be a new marker for assistance in diagnostic orientation of β‐thal intermedia patients and may be clinically useful for monitoring the evolution of the disequilibrium of globin synthesis in response to treatments.
Periodic limb movement in sleep and sickle cell disease: a neglected association?
Authors: Cabañas‐Pedro Ana C. , Roizenblatt Suely , de Souza Altay A. L. , Tufik Sérgio , Figueiredo Maria S.
Published: June 2017

High frequency of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) has been described among children with sickle cell disease (SCD), but there is little information about PLMS among adults with SCD. We aim to determine the frequency of PLMS among adults with SCD and to identify possible associations with iron status and haemolytic parameters. We analysed polysomnography on 99 adults: 74 with sickle cell anaemia (HbSS), 19 with HbSC (double heterozygosis HbS and HbC) and 6 with HbS‐beta thalassaemia. Laboratory data were collected close to the time of the polysomnography examination. The prevalence of PLMS > 5/h was 70% and of PLMS > 15/h 36%, in the total group of patients. No differences were observed regarding gender, use of hydroxyurea and iron parameters. Logistic regression showed an association between PLMS > 15/h and hemolytic parameters: absolute reticulocyte count (p = 0.03) and unconjugated bilirubin (p = 0.01). Our data suggest that PLMS may be associated with manifestations of greater severity in SCD.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of arginyl–diosgenin conjugate as a potential bone tissue engineering agent
Authors: Liao Ai‐Mei , Jung Hana , Yu Ji Won , Lee Dong Hee , Park Sang‐Soo , Cai Bangrong , Chun ChangJu
Published: June 2017

Water‐soluble arginyl–diosgenin (Arg‐DG) conjugate was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for a biological activity. The Arg‐DG conjugate was characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC‐MS analyses, followed by a biological activity evaluation. Compared with DG, the Arg‐DG conjugate showed a decreased cytotoxicity against L929 cells and an increased antiproliferative activity against hepatocellular cells. The safety of the Arg‐DG conjugate was confirmed using the highly sensitive Alamar Blue assay, which indicated that it increased the cellular metabolic activity at suitable concentrations. The Arg‐DG conjugate promoted an endothelial tube formation as well. Furthermore, the Arg‐DG conjugate improved the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)‐induced osteoblastic differentiation with synergistic effects on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. These results suggest that the Arg‐DG conjugate developed in this study has great potentials for biomedical applications such as bone tissue engineering.
Hope for Cities or Hope for People: Neighborhood Development and Demographic Change
Authors: Clark Jelisa , Negrey Cynthia
Published: June 2017

This study, recognizing the longstanding criticisms of HOPE VI as a vehicle for gentrification, compares the goals of local officials with the stated goals of HOPE VI in order to investigate the extent to which local officials are using or misusing HOPE VI to achieve local development and revitalization goals. HOPE VI positioned itself as a program intended to deconcentrate poverty, however, in the case of Liberty Green, the focus on neighborhood development embedded within the federal policy results in HOPE VI developments being described as successful based on physical changes at the site rather than outcomes for public housing residents, who largely do not benefit from these changes. Evidence from this study suggests that most of the emphasis for the Liberty Green HOPE VI development revolves around neighborhood and community development goals. And self–sufficiency, while a goal of the HOPE VI program, remains secondary.
Bimagrumab improves body composition and insulin sensitivity in insulin‐resistant individuals
Authors: Garito Tania , Roubenoff Ronenn , Hompesch Marcus , Morrow Linda , Gomez Katherine , Rooks Daniel , Meyers Charles , Buchsbaum Monte S. , Neelakantham Srikanth , Swan Therese , Filosa Lee Anne , Laurent Didier , Petricoul Olivier , Zakaria Marjorie
Published: June 2017

Aim

To test the hypothesis that an improving body composition in insulin‐resistant individuals could enhance insulin sensitivity.

Methods

A total of 16 people with a mean body mass index of 29.3 kg/m2 and insulin resistance, received a single dose of bimagrumab or placebo and were assessed at week 10 for insulin sensitivity, using a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and for body composition using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and positron‐emission tomography.

Results

Bimagrumab increased lean mass by 2.7% (P < .05) and reduced fat mass by 7.9% (P = .011) at week 10 compared with placebo, and had a neutral effect on body weight. Bimagrumab reduced glycated haemoglobin by 0.21% at week 18 (P < .001) and improved insulin sensitivity by ~20% (according to the clamp) to ~40% (according to the IVGTT).

Conclusion

Taking the observed changes together, and given that these occurred without accompanying dietary intervention and without any prescribed regular physical exercise, bimagrumab may offer a novel approach for the treatment of the metabolic complications of obesity.
Red wine polyphenols do not improve obesity‐associated insulin resistance: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Woerdeman Jorn , Del Rio Daniele , Calani Luca , Eringa Etto C. , Smulders Yvo M. , Serné Erik H.
Published: June 2017

Preclinical studies have suggested that polyphenols extracted from red wine (RWPs) favourably affect insulin sensitivity, but there is controversy over whether RWPs exert similar effects in humans. The aim of the present study was to determine whether RWPs improve insulin sensitivity in obese volunteers. Obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) volunteers were randomly allocated to RWPs 600 mg/d (n = 14) or matched placebo (n = 15) in a double‐blind parallel‐arm study for 8 weeks. The participants were investigated at baseline and at the end of the study. Insulin sensitivity was determined using a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp (M‐value), a mixed‐meal test (Matsuda index), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). RWPs elicited no significant changes in M‐value (RWP group: median [interquartile range; IQR] baseline 3.0 [2.4; 3.6]; end of study 3.3 [2.4; 4.8] vs placebo group: median [IQR] baseline 3.4 [2.8; 4.4]; end of study 2.9 [2.8; 5.9] mg/kg/min; P = .65), in Matsuda index (RWP group: median [IQR] baseline 3.3 [2.2; 4.8]; end of study 3.6 [2.4; 4.8] vs placebo group: median [IQR] baseline 4.0 [3.0; 6.0]; end of study 4.0 [3.0; 5.2]; P = .88), or in HOMA‐IR. This study showed that 8 weeks of RWP supplementation did not improve insulin sensitivity in 29 obese volunteers. Our findings were not consistent with the hypothesis that RWPs ameliorate insulin resistance in human obesity.
Optimal right heart filling pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome determined by strain echocardiography
Authors: Garcia‐Montilla Romel , Imam Faryal , Miao Mi , Stinson Kathryn , Khan Akram , Heitner Stephen
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction is common in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While preload optimization is crucial in its management, dynamic fluid responsiveness indices lack reliability, and there is no consensus on target central venous pressure (CVP). We analyzed the utility of RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWS) in the estimation of optimal RV filling pressure in ARDS.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of clinical data and echocardiograms of patients with ARDS was performed. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid peak systolic velocity (Sʹ), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RVFWS, CVP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured.

Results

Fifty‐one patients with moderate‐severe ARDS were included. There were inverse correlations between CVP and TAPSE, Sʹ, RVFAC, RVFWS, and LVEF. The most significant was with RVFWS (r:.74, R2:.55, P:.00001). Direct correlations with creatinine and lactate were noted. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that RVFWS −21% (normal reference value) was associated with CVP: 13 mm Hg (AUC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83–1.00). Regression model analysis of CVP, and RVFWS interactions established an RVFWS range from −18% to −24%. RVFWS −24% corresponded to CVP: 11 mm Hg and RVFWS −18% to CVP: 15 mm Hg. Beyond a CVP of 15 mm Hg, biventricular systolic dysfunction rapidly ensues.

Conclusions

Our data are the first to show that an RV filling pressure of 13±2 mm Hg—as by CVP—correlates with optimal RV mechanics as evaluated by strain echocardiography in patients with moderate‐severe ARDS.
Biology and fertility life table of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different hosts
Authors: Gomes Elias S. , Santos Viviane , Ávila Crébio J.
Published: June 2017

In 2013, the presence of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was reported in cotton, soybean, corn and weeds in diverse regions of Brazil. We studied the biology and the fertility life table of this pest when reared on cotton (293 cv. CNPA RF), soybean (cv. Brasmax Power), corn (cv. BRS 1010), wheat (cv. BR 18) and on an artificial diet. Caterpillars were reared using the vegetative and reproductive structures of the hosts, under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 ± 1°C; relative humidity (RH) 70 ± 10%; photoperiod =14 h). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments (four host plants and artificial diet) and 17 replications. Significant effects were verified for the different types of hosts tested on the growth of the insect as well as on fecundity and laying rate. The results showed that cotton and soybean had higher viability at the stages of growth, higher rate of survival of adult females in the reproductive period than the other host crops, and similar values for insects reared on an artificial diet, which reveals that cotton and soybean can be appropriate for rearing H. armigera on a natural diet. Corn and wheat showed high larval and pupal mortality and low biotic potential.
Identification and characterization of ARS‐like sequences as putative origin(s) of replication in human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Agarwal Meetu , Bhowmick Krishanu , Shah Kushal , Krishnamachari Annangarachari , Dhar Suman Kumar
Published: June 2017

DNA replication is a fundamental process in genome maintenance, and initiates from several genomic sites (origins) in eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, conserved sequences known as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) provide a landing pad for the origin recognition complex (ORC), leading to replication initiation. Although origins from higher eukaryotes share some common sequence features, the definitive genomic organization of these sites remains elusive. The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum undergoes multiple rounds of DNA replication; therefore, control of initiation events is crucial to ensure proper replication. However, the sites of DNA replication initiation and the mechanism by which replication is initiated are poorly understood. Here, we have identified and characterized putative origins in P. falciparum by bioinformatics analyses and experimental approaches. An autocorrelation measure method was initially used to search for regions with marked fluctuation (dips) in the chromosome, which we hypothesized might contain potential origins. Indeed, S. cerevisiae ARS consensus sequences were found in dip regions. Several of these P. falciparum sequences were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR, nascent strand abundance and a plasmid stability assay. Subsequently, the same sequences were used in yeast to confirm their potential as origins in vivo. Our results identify the presence of functional ARSs in P. falciparum and provide meaningful insights into replication origins in these deadly parasites. These data could be useful in designing transgenic vectors with improved stability for transfection in P. falciparum.
Polar zoobenthos blue carbon storage increases with sea ice losses, because across‐shelf growth gains from longer algal blooms outweigh ice scour mortality in the shallows
Authors: Barnes David K. A.
Published: June 2017

One of the major climate‐forced global changes has been white to blue to green; losses of sea ice extent in time and space around Arctic and West Antarctic seas has increased open water and the duration (though not magnitude) of phytoplankton blooms. Blueing of the poles has increases potential for heat absorption for positive feedback but conversely the longer phytoplankton blooms have increased carbon export to storage and sequestration by shelf benthos. However, ice shelf collapses and glacier retreat can calve more icebergs, and the increased open water allows icebergs more opportunities to scour the seabed, reducing zoobenthic blue carbon capture and storage. Here the size and variability in benthic blue carbon in mega and macrobenthos was assessed in time and space at Ryder and Marguerite bays of the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). In particular the influence of the duration of primary productivity and ice scour are investigated from the shallows to typical shelf depths of 500 m. Ice scour frequency dominated influence on benthic blue carbon at 5 m, to comparable with phytoplankton duration by 25 m depth. At 500 m only phytoplankton duration was significant and influential. WAP zoobenthos was calculated to generate ~107, 4.5 × 106 and 1.6 × 106 tonnes per year (between 2002 and 2015) in terms of production, immobilization and sequestration of carbon respectively. Thus about 1% of annual primary productivity has sequestration potential at the end of the trophic cascade. Polar zoobenthic blue carbon capture and storage responses to sea ice losses, the largest negative feedback on climate change, has been underestimated despite some offsetting of gain by increased ice scouring with more open water. Equivalent survey of Arctic and sub‐Antarctic shelves, for which new projects have started, should reveal the true extent of this feedback and how much its variability contributes to uncertainty in climate models.
Positive and negative associations of individual social capital factors with health among community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Kabayama Mai , Watanabe Chie , Ryuno Hirochika , Kamide Kei
Published: June 2017

Aim

Previous literature has found positive correlations between social capital and health in older adults, fewer studies have investigated the subdimension's effects of social capital on health. We aimed to determine the individual social capital subfactors in community‐dwelling older adults in Japan, and to analyze the associations of these factors with physical and mental health.

Method

We sent a self‐administered questionnaire assessing their perception of social group activity as the individual social capital, and mental and physical health (measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36) to 4320 randomly selected older people.

Results

There were 1836 valid responses. We clarified that people who participated in any social activity group were in significantly better physical and mental health compared with the people who did not. By the factor analysis of the perception for the social group activity, we identified three components of the individual social capital aspect that we termed harmonious, hierarchic and diversity. Using multiple linear regression, we found the hierarchic aspect was significantly negatively associated with mental health, whereas the harmonious aspect was significantly positively associated with mental and physical health, and diversity was significantly positively associated with mental health.

Conclusion

As the previous research literature on social capital has mainly emphasized its positive health consequences, the present findings provide a novel demonstration that some aspects of individual social capital can have negative associations with health outcomes in community‐dwelling older people. For the practical application of promoting a healthier society, it is important to consider both the positive and negative sides of social capital. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2427–2434.
Occurrence of late relapse of hepatitis C virus confirmed by molecular analysis after sustained virologic response to interferon–ribavirin‐based therapy
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ishigami Masatoshi , Yasuda Satoshi , Ishizu Yoji , Kuzuya Teiji , Honda Takashi , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Hirooka Yoshiki , Goto Hidemi
Published: June 2017

Aim

The optimal duration of follow‐up for patients who achieve sustained virologic responses (SVR) has become an important issue. Reports on long‐term follow‐up of SVR have indicated that 99% of patients maintained SVR. However, the limitations of a majority of studies include small patient numbers, short study periods, and lack of molecular analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. The present study sought to evaluate the late relapse rate in long‐term follow‐up of patients who achieved SVR, with molecular analysis of HCV.

Methods

A total of 224 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated by interferon and ribavirin‐based therapy and achieved SVR were enrolled. All patients were recommended for follow‐up every 6 or 12 months.

Results

The mean follow‐up period was 6.0 years (range, 1.0–13.6 years). Cumulative 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐up rates of the patients after SVR were 87.8% and 78.8%, respectively. Cumulative 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐up rates of serum HCV RNA after SVR were 85.5% and 52.6%, respectively. Two patients had detectable serum HCV RNA at 20 and 30 months, respectively, after SVR. Phylogenetic analyses of core, non‐structural protein 3, and 5A regions of HCV strains from late relapse patients confirmed the same strain was present at baseline and late relapse.

Conclusions

Two of 224 patients developed late relapse of HCV by the original strain, which was confirmed by direct sequencing analysis. Although few patients may develop late relapse, SVR achieved with interferon and ribavirin‐based therapy is durable for prolonged periods.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours of the oesophagus: a clinicopathological and molecular analysis of 27 cases
Authors: Kang Guhyun , Kang Yuna , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Ha Sang Yun , Kim Jung Yeon , Shim Young Mog , Heinrich Michael C , Kim Kyoung‐Mee , Corless Christopher L
Published: June 2017

Aims

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) may arise anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but are rare in the oesophagus. We describe the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics of 27 primary oesophageal GISTs, the largest series to date.

Methods and results

DNA was extracted and exons 9, 11, 13 and 17 of KIT, exons 12, 14 and 18 of PDGFRA and exon 15 of BRAF were amplified and sequenced. Oesophageal GISTs occurred in 14 men and 13 women aged between 22 and 80 years (mean: 56 years). All 27 cases were immunohistochemically positive for KIT, and 92 and 47% co‐expressed CD34 or smooth muscle actin, respectively. Fifteen (71% of analysed cases) harboured KIT exon 11 mutations and one case each had a mutation in KIT exon 13 (K642E) or BRAF exon 15 (V600E). Long‐term follow‐up data (median, 96.5 months) were obtained for 20 cases; two patients had metastases at presentation and seven had developed local recurrence and/or metastasis after surgery. A large tumour size (≥ 10 cm), high mitotic rate (> 5/5 mm2), presence of a deletion mutation in KIT exon 11 involving codons 557–558 and a positive microscopic margin were associated with recurrence and metastasis. The KIT mutations identified in oesophageal GISTs are similar to those observed in gastric GISTs.

Conclusions

Complete surgical resection with clear margins is recommended, if technically feasible, and genotyping can help to improve diagnosis and further patient management in oesophageal GIST.
Chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran basinal setting on the Yangtze platform, South China: Oceanographic and diagenetic aspects of the carbon isotopic depth gradient
Authors: Furuyama Seishiro , Kano Akihiro , Kunimitsu Yoko , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Wang Wei , Liu Xin‐chun
Published: June 2017

The Ediacaran Yangtze platform in South China, which represents depositional settings ranging from coastal to basinal, provides valuable information for understanding climate changes and animal evolution during the Ediacaran Period. Although the shallower settings have been investigated, research on the basinal sections has been limited. This has hampered efforts to establish stratigraphic correlations and understand the oceanographic setting of the Yangtze platform. In this paper, the chemostratigraphy of a basinal section at Fengtan, Hunan Province, is reported based on analyses of stable carbon isotope profiles in carbonates (δ13Ccarb), organic matter (δ13Corg), total organic carbon, 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and Mn, Rb, and Sr concentrations. The basinal section of the Doushantuo Formation, which is represented at Fengtan, provides data supporting regional correlations and oceanography. Three intervals in the Doushantuo Formation are correlated with the Three Gorges: (i) a negative δ13Ccarb anomaly with stable δ13Corg values and altered 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the lower section can be correlated to the boundary between Doushantuo Members 2 and 3 (Interval A); (ii) a relatively high δ13Ccarb anomaly with unaltered 87Sr/86Sr ratios (up to 0.7086) in the middle section corresponding to the lower part of Doushantuo Member 3 (Interval B); and (iii) a negative δ13Ccarb anomaly with lowered δ values in the upper section can be correlated to the long interval of negative δ13Ccarb (Interval C). The Gaskiers glaciation is likely represented in Interval A, and Interval C corresponds to the Shuram excursion reported for other Ediacaran localities. Our correlations confirm the depth gradient of δ13Ccarb in the Yangtze platform and imply that reductive conditions prevailed in the basinal section from the Early to Middle Ediacaran. Under such conditions, anaerobic degradation of organic carbon or methane perturbed the inorganic carbon isotopic compositions and was at least partly responsible for the depth gradient of δ13Ccarb.
An audit on technical quality of root fillings performed by undergraduate students
Authors: Fong W. , Heidarifar O. , Killough S. , Lappin M. J. , El Karim I. A.
Published: June 2017

Aim

To evaluate radiographically the technical quality of root fillings performed by undergraduate dental students and to assess whether students were exposed to an appropriate endodontic case mix during their clinical training.

Methodology

A retrospective audit was undertaken evaluating the clinical records of patients who underwent endodontic procedures during the period from September 2015 to June 2016 in the Dental School at Queen's University Belfast, UK. Two final‐year dental students were trained and calibrated to evaluate postoperative intra‐oral periapical radiographs of completed root canal treatments using specific assessment criteria. Data were presented as frequencies, percentage and mean ± standard deviation (SD). Comparisons of treatment outcomes between groups (posterior and anterior teeth) were calculated using Fisher's exact test, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Intra‐ and interexaminer reproducibility was assessed by Kappa statistics.

Results

A total of 222 teeth and 381 canals were assessed, and of those, 253 (66%) of the root fillings were found to be acceptable in all the assessment parameters, namely taper, length and lateral adaptation of the root filling. Subanalysis of individual root filling parameters revealed that 372 canals (97%) exhibited good taper, and 275 canals (72%) were considered to be of an appropriate length, with 89 canals (23%) found to be underfilled and 17 canals (5%) overfilled. Overall 346 (91%) of canals had good lateral condensation. Students treated both single and multirooted teeth, and there was no significant association between tooth type and the quality of root filling provided (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

In the majority of the teeth treated by undergraduate students at Queen's University Belfast, the technical quality of the root filling was acceptable and students were exposed to an appropriate case mix for endodontic training.
Evaluating cultural competence among Japanese clinical nurses: Analyses of a translated scale
Authors: Noji Ariko , Mochizuki Yuki , Nosaki Akiko , Glaser Dale , Gonzales Lucia , Mizobe Akiko , Kanda Katsuya
Published: June 2017

This paper describes the factor analysis testing and construct validation of the Japanese version of the Caffrey Cultural Competence Health Services (J‐CCCHS). The inventory, composed of 28 items, was translated using language and subject matter experts. Psychometric testing (exploratory factor, alpha reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses) was undertaken with nurses (N = 7494, 92% female, mean age 32.6 years) from 19 hospitals across Japan. Principal components extraction with varimax rotation yielded a 5‐factor solution (62.31% variance explained) that was labeled: knowledge, comfort‐proximal, comfort‐distal, awareness, and awareness of national policy. Cronbach α for the subscales ranged from 0.756 to 0.892. In confirmatory factor analysis using the robust maximum likelihood estimator, the chi‐square test was as follows: χ2(340) = 14604.44, P < .001. After correlated errors were introduced, there was evidence of improved model fit (χ2(335) = 8681.61, P < .05) but the other indices showed improvement (RMSEA = .058 [90% CI, 0.057‐0.059], TLI = .891, CFI = .903, and SRMR = .059). The discriminating power of the J‐CCCHS was indicated by statistically mean differences in J‐CCCHS subscale scores between predefined groups. Taking into consideration that this is the first foray into construct validation for this instrument, and that fit was improved when a subsequent data driven model was tested, and it has the ability to distinguish between known groups that are expected to differ in cultural competence, the instrument can be of value to clinicians and educators alike.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Brauer Fred
Published: June 2017

Modeling Fluctuating Populations by R.M. Nisbet and W.S.C. Gurney, John Wiley and Sons, 1982, 379 pp.
PRODUCTION COST UNCERTAINTY AND INDUSTRY EQUILIBRIUM FOR NON‐RENEWABLE RESOURCE EXTRACTION
Authors: Yeung David , Hartwick John
Published: June 2017

In this paper we examine production cost uncertainty in a non‐renewable resource industry model. A rational expectations, m‐firms industry equilibrium is characterized, and the effects of production cost uncertainty on industry rent and firms' profits are examined.
FISHERIES SCIENCE AND MODELING: A LOOK TO THE FUTURE
Authors: Francis Robert C.
Published: June 2017

In this paper I forecast that the fisheries management problems we face as we enter the twenty‐first century will have less to do with extractive conservation and more to do with protection of regional and global environments. I present two contemporary fisheries management case histories which tend to bear this out: (1) Pacific Northwest salmon, with particular reference to the Columbia River, and (2) the high‐seas driftnet fisheries of the North Pacific.

Characterizing these types of problems in a few words, I would say that their effects are long‐term and perhaps irreversible, and that they lead to conditions that we have yet to experience. Because of the type of input needed from the scientific community in order to forge rational solutions, modeling becomes ever more important in translating scientific experience into a form that will enlighten and move decisionmakers.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Hood J. Myron
Published: June 2017

MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN BIOLOGY, Leah Edelstein‐Keshet, The Random House/Birkhäuser Mathematical Series, 1988, New York, NY
EQUILIBRIUM ABUNDANCE OF SALMON STOCKS IN A LIFE CYCLE MODEL WITH INTERACTING HATCHERY AND NATURAL SUBSTOCKS
Authors: Swartzman Gordon L.
Published: June 2017

This paper develops the equilibrium solutions for an age‐structured life cycle model where spawning stock is split between natural and hatchery spawners. Mixing is allowed between the stocks through natural stock take by the hatchery and release of eggs or fry by the hatchery when its capacity is exceeded. The natural stock is assumed to have density‐dependent egg‐smolt survival while the hatchery stock has linear survival. The model can be applied to any hatchery reared fish stock but is most appropriate for salmon, where hatchery and naturally spawned fish mix completely later in life. Questions about the mix between the hatchery and natural stocks can be addressed by computing the fraction of naturally and hatchery derived stock among the natural and hatchery spawners as well as among the total adult run. Columbia River chinook stock are used as an example for which equilibria and mixing fractions are computed. A Monte Carlo sensitivity study on model parameters showed that the natural stock survival from smoltification to age 1 and the natural basin smolt carrying capacity are most important in controlling the equilibrium age‐1 naturally spawned stock. Changing hatchery capacity over two orders of magnitude showed a 50 percent change in the fraction of naturally derived fish in the natural spawning stock, while the relative size of natural and hatchery stocks changed over two orders of magnitude. The model can serve as a tool for quickly assessing the effects of spawning habitat modification and hatchery supplementation practices on long‐term stock mixing and stock abundance.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Mangel Marc
Published: June 2017

FISH POPULATION DYNAMICS, J.A. Gulland, Editor, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1988
EMISSION PERMITS UNDER MONOPOLY
Authors: Innes Robert , Kling Catherine , Rubin Jonathan
Published: June 2017

This paper studies the regulation of pollution emissions when one polluting firm is a monopolist in its output market and other polluting firms are competitive in their output markets. It is shown that an emissions permit system can generally support a second‐best allocation when the monopolistic firm has market power in the emission permit market. The second‐best permit regulation specifies a permit endowment for the monopolist such that the monopolist is a net supplier of permits in the equilibrium. Extensions to cases of multiple monopoly, monopsony, and oligopoly are discussed.
STOCHASTIC ENERGY DEMAND AND THE STABILIZATION VALUE OF ENERGY STORAGE
Authors: Tsur Yacov , Zemel Amos
Published: June 2017

The economic value of energy storage to meet peak electricity demand is analyzed with an emphasis on the role of demand uncertainty. The concept of the stabilization value, which measures that part of the benefit of the storage project which is due solely to the stochastic demand components, is defined. The magnitude of the stabilization value, relative to the overall value of energy storage, is evaluated in terms of a simple model that accounts for the relevant characteristics of the electric power utility's production mix. It is found that neglecting the demand uncertainty can seriously bias the benefit assessment of the storage project as well as the determination of the optimal storage capacity.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Biles Charles M.
Published: June 2017

Mathematical Modeling in the Life Sciences, Paul Doucet, Peter B. Sloep, Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, England, 1992, 490 pp.
OPTIMAL FOREST STAND MANAGEMENT WHEN BENEFITS ARE DERIVED FROM CARBON
Authors: Plantinga Andrew J. , Birdsey Richard A.
Published: June 2017

The management of second‐growth and old‐growth forest stands has important implications for the global carbon cycle. This paper considers the optimal forest rotation when flows of CO2 to carbon have positive value. If benefits are derived only from carbon, then typically it will never be optimal to harvest any forest stands. This result is a formalization and extension of Harmon et al. [1990]. Private forest owners will often maximize net returns to timber, ignoring benefits from carbon sequestration. Thus, the privately and socially optimal rotations will not generally coincide. We show that the socially optimal rotation is always greater than the privately optimal rotation and less than or equal to the rotation when only carbon is valued.
Anemonin attenuates osteoarthritis progression through inhibiting the activation of IL‐1β/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wang Zuqiang , Huang Junlan , Zhou Siru , Luo Fengtao , Xu Wei , Wang Quan , Tan Qiaoyan , chen Liang , Wang Jun , Chen Hangang , Chen Lin , Xie Yangli , Du Xiaolan
Published: June 2017

The osteoarthritis (OA) progression is now considered to be related to inflammation. Anemonin (ANE) is a small natural molecule extracted from various kinds of Chinese traditional herbs and has been shown to inhibiting inflammation response. In this study, we examined whether ANE could attenuate the progression of OA via suppression of IL‐1β/NF‐κB pathway activation. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed in 10‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice. ANE was then intra‐articularly injected into joint capsule for 8 and 12 weeks. Human articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants challenged with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were treated with ANE. We found that ANE delayed articular cartilage degeneration in vitro and in vivo. In particular, proteoglycan loss and chondrocyte hypertrophy were significantly decreased in ANE ‐treated mice compared with vehicle‐treated mice. ANE decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP13), A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), collagen X (Col X) while increasing Aggrecan level in murine with DMM surgery. ANE treatment also attenuated proteoglycan loss in human cartilage explants treated with IL‐1β ex vivo. ANE is a potent protective molecule for OA; it delays OA progression by suppressing ECM loss and chondrocyte hypertrophy partially by suppressing IL‐1β/NF‐κB pathway activation.
Catalase ameliorates diabetes‐induced cardiac injury through reduced p65/RelA‐ mediated transcription of BECN1
Authors: Wang Xu , Tao Youli , Huang Yewei , Zhan Kungao , Xue Mei , Wang Ying , Ruan Dandan , Liang Yangzhi , Huang Xiaozhong , Lin Jianjun , Chen Zhiwei , Lv Lingchun , Li Santie , Chen Gen , Wang Yang , Chen Ruijie , Cong Weitao , Jin Litai
Published: June 2017

Catalase is an antioxidative enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by superoxide dismutase from highly reactive superoxide (O2−) to water and oxygen molecules. Although recent findings demonstrate that catalase, autophagy and the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathway are centrally involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), the interplay between the three has not been fully characterized. Thus, the mechanism responsible for catalase‐mediated protection against heart injury in diabetic mice was investigated in this study, as well as the role of NF‐κB‐p65 in the regulation of autophagic flux was investigated in this study. Western blot analysis revealed that catalase inhibited NF‐κB activity and decreased LC3‐II (microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3) and beclin‐1 (Atg6) expression. Furthermore, up‐regulation of autophagy was detrimental for cardiac function in diabetic mice. Catalase overexpression reduced the level of NF‐κB subunit in the nucleus, where it initiates autophagy through activation of the key autophagy gene BECN1. To evaluate the role of the NF‐κB pathway in diabetes‐induced autophagy, Bay11‐7082, an NF‐κB inhibitor, was injected into diabetic mice, which suppressed NF‐κB and attenuated diabetes‐induced autophagy and myocardial apoptosis. In agreement with the in vivo results, Bay11‐7082 also inhibited high‐glucose‐induced activation of NF‐κB and the up‐regulation of LC3‐II and beclin‐1 expression in H9c2 cells. In addition, high‐glucose‐induced activation of autophagic flux and apoptosis were largely attenuated by p65 siRNA, suggesting that catalase ameliorates diabetes‐induced autophagy, at least in part by increasing the activity of the NF‐κB pathway and p65‐mediated transcription of BECN1.
Sinus augmentation using a mini‐pig model: Effect of ceramic and allogeneic bone biomaterials
Authors: Susin Cristiano , Fiorini Tiago , Lee Jaebum , de Freitas Rubens Moreno , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Prasad Hari S. , Buxton Amanda N. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E.
Published: June 2017

Background

Present clinical practice broadly relies on off‐the‐shelf allogeneic, xenogeneic or synthetic bone biomaterials in support of sinus augmentation. Also, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (rhBMP‐2/ACS) has been shown to support clinically relevant bone formation when used to augment the maxillary sinus.

Objectives

To evaluate local bone formation/dental implant osseointegration following implantation of two particulate bone biomaterials using the mini‐pig sinus augmentation model.

Methods

Nine adult Göttingen mini‐pigs were used for evaluation of a biphasic ceramic (15%/85% HA/ß‐TCP) and an allogeneic mineralized bone biomaterial. Treatments randomized to contralateral sinus sites included sham‐surgery (control) and biomaterials. Two threaded dental implants (ø4.0 × 11.5 mm) were placed at each sinus site. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks for histologic analysis.

Results

Execution of the surgical protocol and healing was unremarkable. Limited infraorbital swelling was observed until suture removal. The biphasic ceramic and allogeneic bone biomaterials produced significantly increased bone formation (5.2 ± 1.9 mm and 4.9 ± 1.6 mm vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.05) and osseointegration (18.0 ± 6.0% and 25.1 ± 18.2% vs. 10.1 ± 8.0%, p < 0.05) over the sham‐surgery control. No significant differences were observed between biomaterials.

Conclusions

Implantation of biphasic ceramic or allogeneic bone biomaterials enhances bone formation in the mini‐pig maxillary sinus, however, dental implant bone support is incomplete resulting in overall limited osseointegration.
Influence of encapsulation techniques on the structure, physical properties, and thermal stability of fish oil microcapsules by spray drying
Authors: Yu Fanqianhui , Li Zhaojie , Zhang Tao , Wei Yinong , Xue Yong , Xue Changhu
Published: June 2017

The physical properties and thermal stability of gelatin/gum‐Arabic microcapsules loaded fish oil, developed by various encapsulation techniques such as directly spray‐dried microcapsule, complex coacervation microcapsule, and double‐encapsulated microcapsule (DEM) were investigated. All the particles dried by spray drying and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, cumulative release analysis, and rheological measurements. The external and internal core–shell structure of microcapsules observed by SEM, were beneficial to improving the thermal stability of particles. The DEM possessed stable two‐shell structure, and retained 25.39% weight after thermogravimetric analysis, 93.71% encapsulation efficiency only released 11.8% core material in 100 °C water bath over 30 min, which could perform more stable during processing, transportation, and consumption. Above all, these results could be the basis of selecting suitable encapsulation technique, processing temperature, and time control in practical production when functional microcapsules needed.

Practical applications

This article is aimed at characterize structures, relative physical properties and thermal stability of three types of microcapsules: directly spray‐dried microcapsules, complex coacervation microcapsules, and double‐encapsulated microcapsules, for encapsulating fish oil during processing and storage. Therefore, all the results such as encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, surface oil, particle size, thermal stability, and fish oil cumulative release percentage of microcapsules at certain temperature could be used as guidance on practical functional foods production like selecting a suitable encapsulation approach, processing temperature, or time control.
Fine‐tuning PERK signaling for neuroprotection
Authors: Halliday Mark , Hughes Daniel , Mallucci Giovanna R.
Published: June 2017

Protein translation and folding are tightly controlled processes in all cells, by proteostasis, an important component of which is the unfolded protein response (UPR). During periods of endoplasmic reticulum stress because of protein misfolding, the UPR activates a coordinated response in which the PERK branch activation restricts translation, while a variety of genes involved with protein folding, degradation, chaperone expression and stress responses are induced through signaling of the other branches. Chronic overactivation of the UPR, particularly the PERK branch, is observed in the brains of patients in a number of protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases and the tauopathies. Recently, numerous genetic and pharmacological studies in mice have demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibiting the UPR for eliciting therapeutic benefit and boosting memory. In particular, fine‐tuning the level of PERK inhibition to provide neuroprotection without adverse side effects has emerged as a safe, effective approach. This includes the recent discovery of licensed drugs that can now be repurposed in clinical trials for new human treatments for dementia. This review provides an overview of the links between UPR overactivation and neurodegeneration in protein misfolding disorders. It discusses recent therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway, with a focus on treatments that fine‐tune PERK signaling.

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Early Women, Late Men: Timing Attitudes and Gender Differences in Marriage
Authors: Allendorf Keera , Thornton Arland , Mitchell Colter , Young‐DeMarco Linda , Ghimire Dirgha J.
Published: June 2017

Around the world, women marry earlier than men, but it is not well understood why this gender gap exists. Using panel data collected in Nepal, the authors investigate whether attitudes about marital timing held by unmarried youth and their parents account for women marrying earlier than men. They also examine whether the influence of timing attitudes differs by gender. On average, unmarried youth and their parents viewed 20 to 25 as acceptable ages for women to marry, whereas ages 23 to 30 were appropriate for men. In turn, women entering the acceptable marriage age range earlier than men accounted for a third of the gender gap in marital timing. The influence of youth and parents' timing attitudes did differ by gender, but only at the extreme. When they were much too young for marriage, both genders were less likely to marry, but this dampening effect was substantially larger for women.
Low leptin concentration may identify heart failure patients with central sleep apnea
Authors: Cundrle Ivan , Somers Virend K. , Singh Prachi , Johnson Bruce D. , Scott Christopher G. , Olson Lyle J.
Published: June 2017

Low leptin concentration has been shown to be associated with central sleep apnea in heart failure patients. We hypothesized that low leptin concentration predicts central sleep apnea. Consecutive ambulatory New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I–IV heart failure patients were studied prospectively, including measurement of serum leptin, echocardiography and polysomnography. Sleep apnea was defined by type (central/mixed/obstructive) and by apnea–hypopnea index ≥5 by polysomnography. Subjects were divided into four groups by polysomnography: (1) central sleep apnea, (2) mixed apnea, (3) no apnea and (4) obstructive sleep apnea. Fifty‐six subjects were included. Eighteen subjects were diagnosed with central sleep apnea, 15 with mixed apnea, 12 with obstructive apnea and 11 with no sleep apnea. Leptin concentration was significantly lower in central sleep apnea compared to obstructive apnea (8 ± 10.7 ng mL−1 versus 19.7 ± 14.7 ng mL−1, P ˂ 0.01) or no sleep apnea (8 ± 10.7 ng mL−1 versus 17.1 ± 8.4 ng mL−1, P ˂ 0.01). Logistic regression showed leptin to be associated independently with central sleep apnea [odds ratio (OR): 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06–0.62; area under the curve (AUC): 0.80, P < 0.01]. For the detection of central sleep apnea, a cut‐off value for leptin concentration 5 ng mL−1 yielded a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 89%. In conclusion, a low leptin concentration may have utility for the screening of heart failure patients for central sleep apnea.