bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best-First Enumeration Based on Bounding Conflicts, and its Application to Large-scale Hybrid Estimation
Authors: Timmons Eric Michael , Williams Brian Charles
Published: January 2020

There is an increasing desire for autonomous systems to have high levels of robustness and safety, attained through continuously planning and self-repairing online. Underlying this is the need to accurately estimate the system state and diagnose subtle failures. Estimation methods based on hybrid discrete and continuous state models have emerged as a method of precisely computing these estimates. However, existing methods have difficulty scaling to systems with more than a handful of components. Discrete, consistency based state estimation capabilities can scale to this level by combining best-first enumeration and conflict-directed search. While best-first methods have been developed for hybrid estimation, conflict-directed methods have thus far been elusive as conflicts learn inconsistencies from constraint violation, but probabilistic hybrid estimation is relatively unconstrained. In this paper we present an approach to hybrid estimation that unifies best-first enumeration and conflict-directed search through the concept of "bounding" conflicts, an extension of conflicts that represent tighter bounds on the cost of regions of the search space. This paper presents a general best-first enumeration algorithm based on bounding conflicts (A*BC) and a hybrid estimation method using this enumeration algorithm. Experiments show that an A*BC powered state estimator produces estimates up to an order of magnitude faster than the current state of the art, particularly on large systems.
A study on cement-based mixes with partial wood bottom ash replacement
Authors: Nader Vanessa , Awwad Elie , Wakim Jad , Haya Lina Bou
Published: January 2020

Solid waste management is a global concern, due to the ever-increasing quantities of waste materials. The scarcity of landfill space and economic challenges have urged researchers to utilise waste materials in construction as a potential solution. One such waste material is wood bottom ash that is collected from residential fireplaces. In this study, wood ash (WA) partially replaces cement and sand to produce a controlled low-strength concrete and save raw material and natural resource depletion. The chemical composition properties of WA are determined. The current research considers the effect of WA, varying from 0 to 50% by weight, on cement consistency and setting time, and fineness of cement, in addition to the concrete relative density and temperature. Additionally, the mechanical properties of mortar and concrete mixes, including WA, are investigated. Accordingly, the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength are determined. Specifically, with 20% WA in concrete mixes, for tested standard cylinders at 28 d, the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting flexure strength ranged between 10−12 MPa, 17 100−21 800 MPa and 1·2–1·8 MPa, respectively, for cement and sand replacement.
PENGENDALIAN PAPARAN RADIASI DI RUANG PENYIMPANAN SEMENTARA BATU TOPAZ PASCA IRADIASI DI RSG-GAS
Authors: Setiawanto Anto , Rohidi Rohidi , Ramadania Puspitasari
Published: January 2020

PENGENDALIAN PAPARAN RADIASI DI RUANG PENYIMPANAN SEMENTARA BATU TOPAZ PASCA IRADIASI DI RSG-GAS. Pemanfaatan RSG-GAS diantaranya adalah mengiradiasi batu topaz. Agar batu topaz siap untuk dikirim ke pengguna maka harus melalui proses peluruhan berkisar 5 s.d 10 tahun di ruang penyimpanan sementara sehingga terjadi penumpukan batu topaz yang mengakibatkan akumulasi paparan radiasi maka harus dilakukan pengendalian agar tidak melebihi batas yang diizinkan. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu menentukan tata letak ruangan, memasang perisai radiasi fleksibel dengan 2 (dua) lapis, pemetaan radiasi gamma didalam ruang penyimpanan dan permukaan pintu ruang. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh paparan radiasi tertinggi di permukaan topaz adalah 9300,0 μSv/jam, menggunakan perisai lapis pertama diperoleh 100,0 μSv/jam, perisai radiasi lapis kedua adalah 5,0 μSv/ jam, permukaan pintu luar ruang adalah 4,0 μSv/jam dengan demikian paparan dipintu luar ruang tidak melebihi batas yang diizinkan yaitu ≤ 10 μSv/jam. Sedangkan pekerja radiasi yang akan bekerja di dalam ruang penyimpanan harus memperhatikan kaidah keselamatan yaitu waktu, jarak, perisai dan didampingi oleh petugas proteksi radiasi serta dilakukan pengamatan penerimaan dosis pekerja radiasi agar tidak melebihi 20 mSv/tahun, dengan demikian para pekerja radiasi dapat bekerja secara aman dan terkendali serta aspek keselamatan dapat terpenuhi.Kata kunci : Pengendalian radiasi, batu topaz, titik pengukuran, peluruhan
PEMBELAJARAN DARI KEJADIAN SCRAM PADA KANAL JKT03 MENGGUNAKAN FAULT TREE ANALYSIS DI REAKTOR RSG-GAS
Authors: Sukmana Jaja , Triharto Rachmat
Published: January 2020

PEMBELAJARAN DARI KEJADIAN SCRAM PADA KANAL JKT03 MENGGUNAKAN FAULT TREE ANALYSIS DI REAKTOR RSG-GAS. Kejadian scram merupakan tindakan pencegahan dini terhadap kecelakaan pengoperasian reaktor RSG-GAS. Perangkat pemantau parameter keselamatan pada pengoperasian reaktor memiliki kinerja untuk melakukan fail-safe technics pada operasi start-up range, operasi intermediate range, dan operasi power range. Namun scram yang sering terjadi merupakan kegagalan operasi dan menimbulkan risiko lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penyebab dasar terjadinya scram dan sebagai pembelajaran dengan metode deskriptif analitik melalui wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen yang dipadukan dengan metode analisis pohon kegagalan. Dari hasil deskriptif analitik diperoleh bahwa kejadian scram lebih sering terindikasi oleh pemantau fluks neutron daerah daya kanal JKT03, sebesar 13,6%. Penyebab dasarnya, terdiri dari kegagalan switch bridging on, kegagalan switch take over, dan sinyal karena kegagalan sistem instrumentasi, gangguan handling sampel iradiasi, serta kondisi ketidakrataan fluks neutron yang diproses oleh kanal logik lainnya. Dengan diketahuinya penyebab scram akan memberikan pembelajaran bernilai untuk pemenuhan keselamatan selama umur operasi reaktor RSG-GAS selanjutnya.Kata kunci: Sistem proteksi reaktor, Scram reaktor, analisis pohon kegagalan, pemantau fluks neutron.
TINJAUAN KESELAMATAN OPERASI REAKTOR TERHADAP KINERJA MENARA PENDINGIN SETELAH 30 TAHUN BEROPERASI
Authors: Hakim Abdul Aziz Rohman , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Jatmiko Dicky Tri
Published: January 2020

TINJAUAN KESELAMATAN OPERASI REAKTOR TERHADAP KINERJA     MENARA PENDINGIN SETELAH 30 TAHUN BEROPERASI. Salah satu komponen penting dari sistem pendingin reaktor adalah menara pendingin. Menara pendingin RSG-GAS telah dioperasikan selama lebih dari 30 tahun. Telah dilakukan kajian kinerja menara pendingin pada operasi daya nominal 30 MW ditinjau dari keselamatan operasi reaktor. Kajian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja menara pendingin dalam membuang panas ke lingkungan. Parameter penilaian kinerja menara pendingin yang dipakai meliputi range, approach, efektifitas, dan temperatur pendingin masuk teras reaktor. Dari kajian data operasi tahun 1992, diperoleh nilai range sebesar 7,2 ⁰C, nilai approach sebesar 8,0 ⁰C, nilai efektifitas sebesar 47,37%, dan nilai temperatur pendingin masuk teras sebesar 40,0 ⁰C. Dari kajian data tahun 2018, diperoleh nilai range sebesar 6,7 ⁰C, nilai approach sebesar 9,3 ⁰C, nilai efektifitas sebesar 41,84%, dan nilai temperatur pendingin masuk teras sebesar 41,96 ⁰C. Nilai temperatur pendingin masuk teras data tahun 1992 masih di bawah batas pengaktifan sistem proteksi reaktor, sedangkan nilai temperatur pendingin masuk teras data tahun 2018 mendekati batas pengaktifan sistem proteksi reaktor yaitu 42 ⁰C. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja menara pendingin setelah 30 tahun dioperasikan sudah tidak dapat memenuhi kriteria keselamatan operasi reaktor.Kata kunci: kinerja, menara pendingin, temperatur, keselamatan operasi.
Instalasi dan Uji Fungsi Radiografi Sinar-X di Hot Cell Instalasi Radiometalurgi
Authors: Fauzi Helmi , Artika Refa , Permana Setia , Gogo Antonio
Published: January 2020

NSTALASI DAN UJI FUNGSI RADIOGRAFI SINAR-X DI HOT CELL INSTALASI RADIOMETALURGI. Radiografi sinar-X telah dipasang di hot cell 103 dari Instalasi Radiometalurgi (IRM) yang digunakan untuk pemeriksaan Pelat Bahan Bakar (PEB) dan short pin PWR-fuel teriradiasi. Tabung sinar-X yang digunakan dengan tegangan 20-320 kV dan flat panel detector serta meja objek uji yang dapat bergerak ke arah longitudinal dan transversal. Gerak vertikal (pengaturan jarak tabung ke objek) dilakukan secara manual dengan manipulator. Sistem dukung yang terdiri dari unit trafo, pendingin dan panel terpasang di service area sedangkan unit pengendali berupa komputer terpasang di operating area. Uji fungsi berhasil dilakukan menggunakan PEB teriradiasi dengan parameter utama 200 kV, 800 µA dan integration time 130 ms. Hasil digital radiografi untuk short fuel pin PWR belum baik sehingga masih membutuhkan studi dan eksperimen lebih lanjut untuk menentukan parameter operasi. Hal ini terkait adanya perbedaan koefisien atenuasi  sinar-X antara U dan Zr. Kata kunci: radiografi sinar-X, hot cell, Instalasi Radiometalurgi, uji pasca iradiasi
Vroulike inwoners van myndorpe: ŉ Gevallestudie uit Emalahleni
Authors: Pretorius A
Published: January 2020

Suid-Afrikaanse vroue kry toenemend erkenning en word meer gereeld aangestel in prominente openbare posisies. Nogtans kan sekere groepe vroue steeds as kwesbaar beskou word. Australiese literatuur fokus gereeld op die rol van vroue in myndorpe. Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur oor die onderwerp is dun gesaai. Hierdie artikel poog om die leemte in die literatuur te vul deur te fokus op data uit drie verskillende soorte onderhoude wat in 2017 in Emalahleni gevoer is. Dit blyk dat vroulike inwoners van dié myndorp wel as kwesbaar beskryf kan word. Eerstens op ekonomiese gebied, waar hul werkloosheidskoers baie hoër en hul arbeidsmagdeelnamekoers baie laer is as dié van hul manlike eweknieë. Tweedens is hulle baie minder tevrede met hul lewenskwaliteit. Vroue wat aan die hoof van hul huishoudings staan, is baie meer bewus van huishoudelike geweld en gesondheidsprobleme weens besoedeling, en toon baie minder vertroue in hul mede-inwoners.
Onderwysvoorsiening aan kwesbare groepe in die samelewing
Authors: Wolhuter C
Published: January 2020

Die argument van hierdie artikel is dat terwyl daar wyd na onderwys opgesien word as instrument om mense te bemagtig en om die ideale samelewing te skep, kwesbare groepe buite sig van die openbare en akademiese onderwysdiskoers verdwyn het. Die doel van die artikel is om die konsep van kwesbare groepe prominent op die voorgrond van die navorsingsagenda te plaas, wat onderwysvoorsiening aan hierdie groepe sal prioritiseer. Die artikel gee ŉ oorsig van die historiese ontwikkeling van heersende sosiale stratifikasiemodelle en die afwesigheid van kwesbare groepe in hierdie skemas. Die begrip "kwesbare groepe" word verhelder en toepaslike voorbeelde van die stel kwesbare groepe in die samelewing word gelys. Die opkoms van die beskouing van onderwys as oplossing vir die totale samelewingsproblematiek word dan geskets en probleme met dié beskouing word geïdentifiseer. Die gevolgtrekking is dat onderwys die voor die hand liggende instrument is om kwesbare groepe te bemagtig. Die moontlikheidsvoorwaarde hiervoor is dat hierdie groepe en die unieke kontekstuele ekologie van elk van die groepe op die navorsingsagenda van die Sosiale Wetenskappe, veral die Sosiologie van die Opvoedkunde en die Vergelykende Opvoedkunde, geplaas moet word.
Die probleem van vaderafwesigheid in Suid-Afrika: 'n Moontlike oplossing gegrond op Bybelse riglyne
Authors: Freeks F
Published: January 2020

'n Oplossingsgerigte benadering word voorgestel as moontlike bydrae om die maatskaplike probleem van vaderafwesigheid in Suid-Afrika te probeer bekamp. Gebroke gesinne is een van die grootste oorsake en gevolge wat lei tot die verhoogde kwesbaarheid van kinders. Kinders in nood, veral as hulle in sorg geplaas word, maak deel uit van 'n uiters kwesbare groep persone wat nie genoegsame ondersteuning kry nie. Artikel 150 van die Kinderwet bepaal juis dat 'n kind die sorg, beskerming en ondersteuning van beide ouers benodig, anders openbaar die kind gedrag wat nie beheer kan word nie en kan sy of haar fisieke, geestelike en maatskaplike welsyn ernstig hierdeur benadeel word. Daarom is dit kritiek belangrik om te verstaan dat die afwesigheid van ŉ ouer binne ŉ gesinstelsel ŉ vakuum in die ouerskaprol veroorsaak, ŉ negatiewe invloed op die gesin het en veral kwesbare kinders se vermoë om doeltreffend te funksioneer nadelig beïnvloed. In Suid-Afrika is die uitdaging van vaderafwesigheid 'n maatskaplike probleem wat in die meeste gemeenskappe voorkom. Die belangrikheid van vaderskap in die samelewing word egter dikwels nie belangrik geag nie. Daarom is dit geensins verbasend dat die afwesigheid van 'n vader in 'n gesin ŉ toenemende verskynsel en neiging in baie gemeenskappe is nie, nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar wêreldwyd.
"Reaksionêre nihilisme" in die huidige era
Authors: Olivier B
Published: January 2020

Die uitgangspunt van hierdie artikel is dat geen vorige samelewing in die geskiedenis vergelykenderwys al ooit so nihilisties soos die huidige was nie - waar "nihilisme" die radikale ontkenning van alle intrinsieke waarde beteken. Gevolglik word die samelewing met die enorme uitdaging gekonfronteer om middele, soos onder meer kuns en opvoeding, te vind en te benut om die moontlikheid van 'n sinvolle bestaan oortuigend te artikuleer. Daar word aandag geskenk aan twee soorte nihilisme - reaksionêr en vindingryk - gevolg deur 'n blik op die werk van Erich Fromm oor die verlies aan die "self", asook die werk van Bernard Stiegler, om wat reeds vasgestel is, verder te nuanseer in terme van sy benutting van Donald Winnicott se psigoanalitiese ondersoek na die funksie van "oorgangsvoorwerpe". Stiegler toon aan dat Winnicott se insigte 'n mens in staat stel om die huidige obsessie met mnemo-tegniese apparate soos slimfone te evalueer betreffende hulle dubbelsinnige pharmakon-rol as "oorgangsvoorwerpe" - hulle kan naamlik enersyds as "gif", maar andersyds as "geneesmiddel" funksioneer. Daar word verder na die onlangse werk van Gil Germain oor tegnologie en "begeerte", sowel as Laurent de Sutter se begrip "narkokapitalisme" verwys, waarvolgens daar 'n grootliks onsigbare, maar wydverspreide verband tussen die globale dwelmhandel (veral in kokaïen), die gebruik van antidepressante en verbruikerskapitalisme bestaan. De Sutter se verreikende navorsing bring aan die lig dat 'n grootliks "verdoofde" samelewing nie in staat is om waarde-oordele uit te voer nie; vandaar die haas-volledige houvas van reaksionêre nihilisme op die huidige samelewing, wat met vindingryke nihilisme die hoof gebied moet word.
Die storie van Afrikaans - uit Europa en van Afrika, Deel 2 deur WAM Carstens en EH Raidt
Authors: Kotzé E
Published: January 2020

As tweede boekdeel van ŉ geskiedenis van Afrikaans verteenwoordig hierdie publikasie die Afrika-komponent van ŉ omvattende beskrywing, waarvan die Europese herkoms in die eerste deel gedek word. Met inagneming van die tydperk waarin die eerste bewoners van die subkontinent hier woonagtig was, word die tydlyn dan vanaf die middel van die 17de eeu getrek, toe ŉ Suid-Hollandse vorm van Nederlands as kerndialek aan die Kaap geënt is, en oor die volgende eeu en ŉ half blootgestel is aan, en beïnvloed is deur, sprekers van talle ander tale. Die taalkonflik wat ontstaan het vanaf die oorname van die Kaap deur die Britse Ryk, en ŉ taalgebaseerde nasionalisme tot gevolg gehad het, word aan die hand van sosiopolitieke gebeure beskryf. Hiervan was die tweede Anglo-Boereoorlog teen die eeuwending, wat saamval met ŉ skeiding en oorgang tussen twee taalbewegings, ook ŉ keerpunt. ŉ Stryd om erkenning, aanvanklik op die rug van Nederlands, het uiteindelik gelei tot die verampteliking en standaardisering van Afrikaans. Die wisselwerking tussen Afrikaans en die politiek word in hoofstuk 20 beskryf, wat die periode tussen 1948 en 1994 dek, ŉ tydperk wat gelei het tot polarisasie tussen sprekers van Afrikaans van verskillende kleure. In die beoordeling van die agteruitgang van Afrikaans as taal van hoër funksies in die post-1994-periode wys die outeurs op die kompleksiteit van feite en persepsies wat daarmee gepaard gegaan het, en hoe versoening tussen voorheen vervreemde Afrikaanstaliges tot stand gekom het (en kom). Ten slotte word ŉ Janusblik gewerp op sowel die verlede (waarin die rol van alle sprekers van Afrikaans in geskiedskrywing en aktuele gebeure erken word) as die toekoms, met inagneming van wat noodsaaklik is vir die sinvolle voortbestaan van die taal.
Upper limb mobility and personal management in patients with stroke attending occupational therapy at a tertiary hospital in Gauteng
Authors: ; Patricia de WittII; Antonette OwenIII; Denise Franzsen Zukiswa , de Witt Patricia , Owen Antonette , Franzsen Denise
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: This study described the outcomes for upper limb motor function after stroke and personal management of patients attending occupational therapy at a tertiary hospital in Gauteng, up to two months' post-discharge. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative, descriptive correlation design used assessments of upper limb motor function and independence in personal management to collect the data. Forty-five participants received routine rehabilitation including occupational therapy at the hospital. The same measurements were administered on discharge and during out-patient follow up at one and two months. RESULTS: Results indicated that of 45 participants only 33 were available for reassessment at discharge. These participants had significant improvement in upper limb motor function and personal management. At discharge 48% of participants had >80% recovery of upper limb function and 59% had achieved independence or modified independence in personal management. The correlation between upper limb function and 73% personal management at discharge was strong, indicating an association between return of upper limb function and independence in personal management. By two months post discharge the correlation between the variables was low, as while only 20% of the 15 participants who returned for therapy at month 2 were dependent for personal management and over 50% presented with no or poor upper limb function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation including occupational therapy intervention contributed to participant's improved performance in personal management tasks, even when upper limb motor function recovery was suboptimal. The intervention for personal management and compensatory techniques taught to participants resulted in independent or modified independence two months after discharge. Key words: stroke; upper limb motor recovery; personal management
Postural assessment, Part Two: Deviation for sense of, and actual alignment
Authors: Hough Petronella , Nel Mariette
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: Accurate sensing of the body position in space is important for safe and mechanically effective interaction with the environment. Clinical evidence however suggests that a client's sense of postural alignment differs from their actual alignment, which may influence the accuracy of postural repositioning during participation in activities of daily life. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this quantitative descriptive study was to investigate the difference between sense and actual postural alignment during sitting and standing positions, with the anatomical landmarks as reference points for measurement from anterior and lateral views. METHODS: Ten health care clinics in the Free State towns of Botshabelo and Thaba N'chu, were randomly selected and 95 patients participated in the study. Measurements consisted of (a) a biographical questionnaire, (b) assessment of actual postural alignment, and (c) assessment of sensed postural alignment. Assessment of actual postural alignment was done by using the Photographic Method of Postural Assessment (P-MPA), during which the actual (real) distance on photos was established by calculating the ratio of measured/ real distance x distance from plumb line for each photo. A clinical significant difference from the reference point as measured on the photo was set at 10mm. The sense and actual deviation, for sitting and standing were compared by means of 95% confidence intervals for median differences. RESULTS: Results show statistical and clinically significant differences for sense and actual deviations from the plumb line for lateral views for all anatomical landmarks, in both sitting and standing positions. With the exception of a clinical significant difference at the nose landmark in anterior view, results show no other statistical or clinical significant differences for anterior sitting or standing RECOMMENDATIONS: The authors recommend that follow up studies investigate postural repositioning during motion and in addition to speed and direction, also test the degree to which discrepancy between sense and actual values occurs. CONCLUSION: Increased awareness by health care professionals and educators of the discrepancy between sensed and actual postural alignment, in anterior and lateral views, may benefit the planning of intervention programmes aimed to enhance safe and meaningful occupational performance. Key words: Postural alignment, sense of posture and actual posture
The Effect of Radiotherapy Technique on Carotid Artery Dose in Patients with Early Stage Glottic Larynx Cancer
Authors: ŞİRİN ÖZDEMİR Beyza , CAN Zeynep Rukiye Özge
Published: January 2020

Objective: The
aim of this study was to compare two radiotherapy techniques in early stage
glottic laryngeal cancer patients in terms of radiotherapy dose applied to the
carotid artery.Material - Methods:
In this study, we included 10 early-stage (T1/2) glottic larynx cancer
patients. Both intensity-modulated
radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3-dimension conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) treatment
plans were prepared for each patient. Treatment volumes (CTV, PTV) were created
for all patients. The entire larynx was described as CTV to include both false
and true vocal cords, anterior-posterior commissures, arytenoids, aryepiglottic
folds, subglottic region. For planning target volüme (PTV), while 5-mm was added
to CTV in all directions, 3-mm margin was given to protect the carotid artery
and spinal cord in posterolaterally. Spinal cord and carotid artery were
contoured as the organ at risk (OAR). The doses of the target volumes, the OAR
volumes, the homogeneity index (HI) were compared. Results: PTV
parameters (Dmin, Dmean, Dmax, D90, D95) was compared in the 2 different
technique.  IMRT in comparison to 3DCRT
significantly reduced the high-dose volumes (V30, V35, V50) of carotid artery
(p < 0.001), but not to the low dose volume (V10). CI was similar (0.9 vs.
0.9, p = 0.3) compared to 3DCRT. However, HI was significantly improved with
IMRT (0.1 vs. 0.08, p < 0.001). The maximum dose of the spinal cord was lower in
3DCRT compared to IMRT (18 Gy vs. 44Gy).

Conclusion: IMRT
is a superior radiotherapy (RT) technique in patients with T1/T2 glottic cancer
in terms of protecting carotid artery.
Problems and Perspective Technologies of the Machinery Complex in the Format of Regional Development
Authors: Moskvichev Vladimir V. , Chernyakova Natalya A.
Published: January 2020

The state, problems, directions of perspective research and tasks of the modern development of the machinery complex in the strategic planning documents are considered. Research tasks in the field of machine science, structural materials science, general engineering technologies (metalworking, casting, welding), digital industrial technologies, and the safety of technical systems are highlighted based on the concept of non-zero risk of accidents in the field of machinery and equipment used in Siberia, Northern and Arctic regions
Variability of Circular Depolarization Ratio in Radar Sensing of the Medium Filled with Hydrometeors
Authors: Masalov Evgenii V. , Krivin Nikolay N. , Rudometova Anastasiia S.
Published: January 2020

Circularly polarized waves are most sensitive to the influence of the propagation medium factors such as differential phase shift and differential attenuation. The reason of that is a feature of the wave polarization transformation. Such circumstances require consideration during designing radars working with circularly polarized waves. The aim of the study is to develop of approach for estimating the effect of the wave polarization transformation on a value of one of the most informative parameters based on the use of Jones vector component functional dependence on a polarization ellipse orientation angle and ellipticity angle. The task of this work is obtaining the analytical equation for the determination of that polarimetric radar informative parameter. As a result, the solution for the case of wave backscatter by the propagation medium was obtained when the medium basis orientation differs from the radar basis orientation. The estimation of the circular depolarization ratio providing the determination of regions with its raised value was obtained
Spatial Distribution of NDVI Trends for Forest Vegetation in the Natural Reserve “Stolby” Based on MODIS Satellite Data
Authors: Botvich Irina Y. , Emelyanov Dmitry V. , Pisman Tamara I. , Shevyrnogov Anatoly P.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this work is to assess the long-term changes in the state of forest vegetation on the territory of the Nature Reserve “Stolby” for the period 2000-2018. An algorithm has been developed for this and a map of the spatial distribution of the average annual NDVI trends of forest vegetation according to MODIS satellite data has been created (May – September as averaging period). In the work, a map of vegetation cover was used according to the electronic ecological atlas of the Nature Reserve “Stolby”. The analysis of the distribution of the number of pixels on the values of the average annual NDVI trend revealed that for the class of coniferous vegetation negative values of the linear trend prevail (by 30%). For the deciduous vegetation class, the number of pixels with negative values of linear trend slope is 3.1% higher than with positive ones. In general, for most types of forest vegetation negative trends NDVI prevail. The negative NDVI trend slope of vegetation indicates degradation processes. The reasons for this are the changes of climatic factors, anthropogenic impact, fires, aging and forest vegetation diseases
Competence and Identification of Experts in the Context of Balance and Reliability Information Standards Implementation
Authors: Dzholos Oleg
Published: January 2020

The urgency of the research of the issue related to implementation of journalistic standards by TV broadcasters in Ukraine is due to rapid development of information TV channels. These TV channels work in the format of conversation, when during broadcasting the audience can hear the thoughts of experts in order to implement the standards of opinions and views. At the same time the Ukrainian news journalism not always maintain the standards of information broadcasting. Along with this the standards of balance and reliability, separation of facts from opinions, completeness, accuracy and reliability of information are outlined most often in the editorial statutes of TV companies.

When analyzing the issue related to implementation of journalistic standards mentioned above, the author draws attention to the question of involvement of the experts into TV programs. The standard of balance of information or views and opinions means that all speakers can be heard on the conflict-related issues, in particular, those experts who have different point of views on the certain problem. The most part of things happening in Ukraine and in the world demands highly qualified comments from the specialists who are competent in the relevant issues. Such comments will ensure the standards of information broadcasting and the audience’s rights to obtain unbiased information.

Consequently it is concluded that captioning of experts that determines their duties, organizations or businesses they represent cannot be considered as advertisement. This information must be regarded as implementation of the standards of information reliability.
¿Arquitectos o administradores? Sobre el mito de los monjes constructores en el Císter / Architects or supervisors? The myth of the monk as an architect in the Order of the Cistercians
Authors: Sánchez Márquez Carlos
Published: January 2020

Resumen: El célebre comentario de Orderic Vital sobre cómo los cistercienses construían las abadías con sus propias manos, junto a la existencia de algunas evidencias iconográficas que muestran a eclesiásticos participando enla construcción, ha dado lugar a una leyenda que sigue viva en la actualidad: la creencia que la arquitectura cisterciense fue obra casi exclusiva de los arquitectos y artesanos monásticos. El presente trabajo tiene como objeto dar respuesta a ciertos interrogantes que todavía giran alrededor de este debate historiográfico. Para ello, se propone un análisis de las fuentes primigenias de la Orden, así como de diversos casos-estudio de maestros de obra conversosy laicos documentados en los reinos hispanos.Abstract: The famous comment of Ordericus Vitalis about how the Cistercian monks built monasteries with their own hands, together with some iconographicexamples involving builder monks, have given rise to a legend that is still alive: the conviction that Cistercian architecture was produced almost entirely by monastic architects and craftsmen. The present paper aims to answer to some questions of this discussion. For that purpose, the primary sources or the Order and different case studies of lay builders and conversi in the Hispanic kingdoms has been analyzed.
Remembering the Forgotten Minority: An Analysis of American Indian Employment Patterns in State and Local Government, 1991–2011
Authors: Hunt Valerie H. , Taylor Melissa A. , Cox Daniel “Ramon”
Published: January 2020

For the eight states with the greatest percentages of American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN) populations—Alaska, Arizona, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Wyoming—we use 24 years (1991–2015) of US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission data to examine whether AIANs are overrepresented in the lower paying, less desirable, non-managerial, public sector positions in local and state government bureaucracies and underrepresented in the more desirable, better paying, managerial positions (e.g., administrative and professional positions). In both workforces, we examine if levels of descriptive representation within the states changed over time.

We find AIANs continue to suffer pervasive and persistent occupational segregation in non-managerial levels of bureaucratic organizations, in each state except Oklahoma. Across time in managerial ranks, we observe slight improvement in three states—Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma—and declining job shares in the remaining five states.
Influence of temperature on the germination and root size of Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen
Authors: Da Silva Leandro Carvalho , Gomes Sampaio Italo Marlone , Palha de Moraes Bittencourt Ricardo Falesi , De Araujo Mayara Ribeiro , Reis Figueiredo Stefany Priscila , Lopes de Gusmão Sergio Antonio , Da Costa Anielle Sousa
Published: January 2020

Acmella oleracea is a herbaceous plant native to the Amazon region that is currently arousing industrial interest due to its potential gastronomic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to test the influence of temperatures on A. oleracea seed germination and seedling vigor. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five replicates was used. Treatments consisted of temperatures: 23, 26, 29, 32 and 35 ºC. The study was conducted in BODtype climate chambers with relative humidity above 90% and a 12 h photoperiod. Germination, germination speed index (GSI), average germination time, root length and number of normal and abnormal seedlings were recorded. Temperature influenced all analyzed variables, except average germination time and number of normal/abnormal seedlings. A quadratic model best described the relationship between dependent and independent variables. In general, maximum germination values, and GSI and root lengths were obtained at temperatures close to 29 °C, while the lowest observed values for these variables occurred at extreme temperatures (23 and 35 °C). The highest percentage of germinated seeds occurred on the second day. Temperatures above 29 ºC induced a significant reduction in the A. oleracea seedling root lengths.
Analysis of cell proliferation index using the Ki-67 Antigen in odontogenic keratocyst: a systematic review
Authors: Portes Juliana , Conde Danielle Castex , Dias Eliane Pedra
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: analisar artigos científicos sobre o índice de proliferação celular usando o anticorpo anti-Ki-67 em ceratocistos odontogênicos e comparar esses trabalhos para estimar um índice médio para essa lesão. Material e Métodos: dois pesquisadores realizaram a busca literária de forma independente na base de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e 28 artigos contendo dados relevantes foram selecionados. Resultados: a análise imuno-histoquímica utilizada nos artigos avaliados mostrou-se muito variável, não apresentando metodologias claras e unificadas, tornando a comparação entre os diferentes resultados difícil. Conclusão: Considerando o ceratocisto odontogênico uma lesão de comportamento clínico incomum, uma classificação adequada é necessária, assim como um tratamento apropriado com um bom prognostico deve ser estabelecido para o paciente de acordo com sua natureza. Dessa forma, um protocolo de análise imuno-histoquímica deve ser estabelecido para que possamos obter dados confiáveis sobre essa lesão
Atividades extracurriculares e mercado de trabalho: percepção dos graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FOUERJ)
Authors: Guimarães Thamyris , Melo Tamires Santos , Berry Maria , Souza Maria Isabel De Castro de
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: o objetivo desse trabalho foi evidenciar os assuntos de maior interesse acadêmico dos graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mediante à aplicação de um questionário tipo survey. Material e métodos: participaram do estudo 219 alunos matriculados no curso de graduação (85,5%), e as repostas foram coletadas através de um formulário Google por meio de um instrumento eletrônico. Resultados: verificou-se que os temas de maior interesse e não relacionados a procedimentos odontológicos foram: Administração de Consultório Odontológico (75,8%), Concurso público (69,8%) e Odontologia e suas tecnologias (69,8%). Ao serem questionados sobre os temas que deveriam ser abordados no final do curso de graduação, os estudantes relataram interesse em treinamentos de procedimentos odontológicos (54,8%) e áreas afins como: abordagem de pacientes com necessidades especiais (9,1%) e mercado de trabalho (8,8%). Conclusão: embora os alunos busquem capacitação em procedimentos odontológicos, é evidente a necessidade de se abordar outros temas relacionados a profissão que complementem a realidade do mercado de trabalho odontológico
Galactolipase and chilling sensitivity of plants.
Authors: Kaniuga Z
Published: January 2020

Galactolipase is a lipid acyl hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.26) acting predominantly on galactolipids which constitute up to 80% of total acyl lipids in chloroplast membrane. Evidence is presented on the involvement of this enzyme in plant response to chilling via degradation of membrane lipids and the increase of free fatty acids, associated with reduced oxygen evolution in the Hill reaction. The occurrence of two pools of fatty acids has been hypothesized. Analysis of numerous plant species showed higher galactolipase activity in the chilling-sensitive than in the chilling-resistant plants. Differences in the pH-dependence curve and in the response to detergents of galactolipases from these two groups of plants suggest heterogeneity of the enzyme. Referring to the hypothesis concerning the role of high melting-point fatty acids of phosphatidylglicerol molecular species in chilling sensitivity the data are presented against generalization of this hypothesis.
Isolation and classification of a family of cyclin gene homologues in Lupinus luteus.
Authors: Deckert J , Jeleńska J , Zaborowska Z , Legocki A B
Published: January 2020

The lupine (Lupinus luteus cv. Ventus) cDNA clones encoding homologues of cyclin (CycB1;2, CycB1;3, CycB1;4) have been isolated from cDNA library prepared from roots inoculated with Bradyrhizobium lupini. Comparison of the deduced amino-acid sequences of CycB1;2, CycB1;3, CycB1;4 and previously described CycB1;1 (Deckert et al. 1996, Biochimie 78, 90-94) showed that they share 46-65% of identical amino acids. The presence of conserved residues (Renaudin et. al., in The Plant Cell Cycle, in the press; Renaudin et al., Plant Mol. Biol, in the press) along with phylogenetic analysis of known plant cyclins revealed that the four lupine sequences belong to subgroup 1 of B-like mitotic cyclins.
Studies on the translation mechanism of subgenomic RNA of potato leafroll virus.
Authors: Juszczuk M , Zagórski-Ostoja W , Hulanicka D M
Published: January 2020

The expression of open reading frames located on the subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) has been studied in an in vitro transcription and translation system. The obtained results indicate: a) translation of sgRNA occurs according to the scanning model since the insertion of palindrome (delta G0 = -61 kcal/mol) prevents the initiation of translation; b) ORF6 is translated by suppression of the stop codon separating ORF4 from ORF6 and the presence of suppressor tRNA is necessary for the readthrough; c) the presence of leader sequence of sgRNA (212 nucleotides) decreases the translation efficiency of ORFs located downstream and it affects the ratio of products of ORF4 and ORF5; d) 3'UTR does not influence on an expression of genes located on the sgRNA.
The application of a flow cytometric assay for evaluation of phagocytosis of neutrophils.
Authors: Zielińska M , Fenrych W
Published: January 2020

Phagocytosis and the release of oxidative products generated by the respiratory burst have been studied in vitro under the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: naproxen and ibuprofen, using phagocytes of peripheral blood from healthy human donors. Phagocytosis was monitored by flow cytometry in order to investigate the uptake of propidium iodide-labelled bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. In addition, the phagocytic capacity and percentage of killed bacteria was measured in isolated neutrophils using the Pantazis & Kniker method. It was found that naproxen and ibuprofen affect the phagocytic function and hydrogen peroxide production in the examined granulocytes. These methods might be useful in investigations on neutrophil functions.
Identification of a microsatellite region composed of a long homopurine/homopyrimidine tract surrounded by AT-rich sequences upstream of the rat stress-inducible hsp 70.1 gene.
Authors: Lisowska K , Loch T , Fiszer-Kierzkowska A , Scieglińska D , Krawczyk Z
Published: January 2020

A DNA region containing several repetitive motifs has been detected about 1.9 kbp upstream of the transcription unit of the rat stress-inducible hsp 70.1 gene. The most interesting element of this area is a microsatellite sequence (GA)6CAG(TC)24 that consists of an inverted repeat partially overlapping with the long homopurine/homopyrimidine tract (Pu/Py). DNA molecule within the described sequence can theoretically adopt alternate, non-B structures (H-DNA or cruciform) containing single-stranded regions. This microsatellite region is flanked by AT-rich sequences containing several poly(A) tracts. The longest of them with a possible potential to destabilized a double-stranded DNA helix is localized around 160 bp downstream the (GA)6CAG(TC)24. The DNA fragment containing sequences described above was subcloned into the pUC19 vector and the resulting plasmid was subjected to the standard S1 susceptibility assay. Preliminary mapping of the S1 cleavage site indicates for the formation of the non-B-DNA structure within the Pu/Py tract. This is to our knowledge a first report on the existence of a complex microsatellite region on upstream the 5'-end of the hsp 70 gene in mammals.
Characterization of the Escherichia coli gene encoding a new member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family.
Authors: Sirko A , Wegleńska A , Hryniewicz M , Hulanicka D M
Published: January 2020

The nucleotide sequence of a chromosomal DNA fragment located upstream from the cysPTWAM operon of Escherichia coli was established. Sequence analysis indicates the presence of an open reading frame which has been designated ucpA (upstream cys P). The potential protein products exhibits strong sequence homology to the members of a large protein family, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. Involvement of Crp, FruR and IHF in the regulation of ucpA transcription in vivo was demonstrated.
O FUNDO PARA A CONVERGÊNCIA ESTRUTURAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL NO MERCOSUL
Authors: Missio Fabricio José , Silva Lucimara Inácio do Prado da , Silva Marcos Antonio da
Published: January 2020

O Fundo para a Convergência Estrutural (FOCEM) do Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) foi constituído para auxiliar no processo de desenvolvimento das regiões fronteiriças. Os projetos executados (ou em execução) financiados pelo referido fundo buscam melhorar a infraestrutura dos municípios e, assim, contribuir para o desenvolvimento local. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do artigo é caracterizar e analisar a atuação do FOCEM, tecendo considerações preliminares quanto a sua funcionalidade em termos do desenvolvimento regional. Os principais resultados mostram que o fundo tem contribuído para a diminuição das assimetrias regionais, apesar do seu limitado alcance.
DOIS SÉCULOS DE EXTRATIVISMO E ESPECIALIZAÇÃO PRIMÁRIO-EXPORTADORA NA AMAZÔNIA: uma análise comparada entre os ciclos da borracha e do minério de ferro
Authors: Cruz Adejard Gaia
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho aborda de forma comparativa as contradições e persistências da produção de commodities no estado do Pará, região amazônica, tomando como referência analítica o ciclo da economia da borracha (1900 a 1912) e a fase recente de boom da produção de minério de ferro (2000 a 2012). Argumenta-se essas atividades representam o passado e presente de um modelo primário-exportador, que se modernizou ao longo das décadas superando a forma atrasada e tradicional, convertendo-se em uma forma inteiramente moderna de extração de recursos naturais. Ambas atestaram um rápido crescimento econômico, mas, em contrapartida, revelaram custos econômicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais (especialmente no caso da mineração industrial) para sociedade local e regional, resultante do fornecimento de matéria prima para atender as necessidades de transformação da indústria e de reprodução do capital. A economia da borracha surgiu por impulso da demanda industrial em forte expansão nas economias centrais, tendo se organizado em torno um sistema vertical e excludente de relações sociais que restringia o vazamento de rendas. Por outro lado, a economia mineral do ferro, implantada com amplo apoio do Estado, foi estabelecida como uma proposta modernizante de desenvolvimento e mais integrada a economia local. Em vez disso, a extração de ferro imprimiu ritmo acelerado de produção, com um envolvimento social ainda menor do que a economia da borracha, o que acelerou e espacializou as desigualdades, conflitos sociais e ambientais. A comparação histórica revela que a mineração do ferro reproduziu de forma ampliada, as contradições verificadas um século atrás com extração de borracha, revelando-se nos termos de um novo padrão primário-exportador de reprodução do capital. Uma das implicações desse modelo é justamente a concentração de renda e a exclusão social, associado ao baixo enraizamento econômico e social, visto que o caráter especializado da produção, atrelado a uma dinâmica de crescimento para o mercado externo, estabelece poucos linkages com a estrutura produtiva local e regional. Tanto a extração de borracha como a produção minério de ferro representaram, em diferentes épocas, atividades alternativas de transformação econômica e social, mas que em termos históricos não conseguiram se constituir em vetores de desenvolvimento para o estado do Pará e sua região.
Almeida Garrett e o Brasil: pontes literárias
Authors: Menezes Hugo Lenes
Published: January 2020

O diálogo da cultura escrita do Brasil com a do exterior é acentuado. Aqui a arte verbal é um legado do colonizador europeu. Por isto, as nossas manifestações literárias iniciais são encaradas como ressonâncias das metrópoles. Este fato origina uma interessante terminologia (a luso-brasileira), a qual é utilizada na classificação de um grupo de obras publicadas por autores portugueses que moram na Colônia durante o domínio do império lusitano. Alguns deles, como o Padre Antônio Vieira e Tomás Antônio Gonzaga, muito se identificam com os nossos valores e são considerados integrantes de um patrimônio comum aos dois países. Embora tal diálogo diminua depois de uma maior penetração da cultura francesa no século XIX, Brasil e Portugal continuam parceiros. Assim sendo, no presente artigo, abordamos o lusitano Almeida  Garrett nas suas relações com a nossa cultura letrada.
À procura de um imaginário melodramático no século XIX: imprensa, folhetins e romances: da sua produção a sua recepção
Authors: Mollier Jean-Yves
Published: January 2020

A presença do romance europeu no mundo no século XIX atesta uma forma de mundialização da cultura que se apoia sobre a circulação precoce de jornais, revistas e livros. A leitura quase concomitante de obras de Alexandre Dumas ou de Victor Hugo no Rio de Janeiro, México, Buenos Aires e Paris foi facilitadas pela corrente troca entre os dois continentes. A leitura direta de volumes, mas também a tradução imediata, em castelhano e português produziram formas originais de apropriação desses universos culturais. Os gabinetes de leitura e as associações literárias implantadas no Rio de Janeiro, Belém ou Bahia acompanharam esse vasto movimento de transferência de um imaginário dramático de um lado a outro do Atlântico. Resta, entretanto, tentar encontrar os traços de sua recepção. É com o intuito de propor pistas de pesquisa futuras nesse sentido que se escreveu este artigo.
Estratégias editoriais de barateamento do livro: o caso dos romances vendidos em fascículos
Authors: Augusti Valéria
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as práticas editoriais implicadas na publicação de coleções de romances vendidos em fascículos. Para tanto, tem como corpus privilegiado de análise paratextos editoriais que acompanham exemplares de prosa de ficção francesa traduzidos e publicados por tipógrafos e editores portugueses no Oitocentos. As características do suporte material e o sistema de vendas por assinatura são testemunhos das estratégias editoriais implicadas no processo de barateamento do livro no século XIX. Por consequência, a análise do repertório de obras publicadas em fascículos permite escrever uma história da literatura do ponto de vista de certo tipo de leitor: aquele cujos parcos recursos financeiros não permitiam entrar em uma livraria e sair com um livro impresso nas mãos.