bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution physical-biogeochemical structure of a filament and an eddy of upwelled water off Northwest Africa
Authors: von Appen Wilken-Jon , Strass Volker H. , Bracher Astrid , Xi Hongyan , Hörstmann Cora , Iversen Morten H. , Waite Anya M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Nutrient rich water upwells offshore of Northwest Africa and is subsequently advected westwards. There it forms eddies and filaments with a rich spatial structure of physical and biological/biogeochemical properties. Here we present a high resolution (2.5 km) section through upwelling filaments and an eddy obtained in May 2018 with a Triaxus towed vehicle equipped with various oceanographic sensors. Physical processes at the mesoscale and submesoscale such as symmetric instability, trapping of fluid in eddies, and subduction of low potential vorticity (which we use as a water mass tracer) water can explain the observed distribution of biological production and export. We found a nitrate excess (higher nitrate concentrations than would be expected from oxygen values if only influenced by production and remineralization processes) core of an anti-cyclonic mode water eddy. We also found a high nitrate concentration region of ~5 km width in the mixed layer where symmetric instability appears to have injected nutrients from below into the euphotic zone. A similar region a little further south had high chlorophyll-a concentrations suggesting that nutrients had been injected there a few days earlier. Considering that such interactions of physics and biology are ubiquitous in the world's upwelling regions, we assume that they have strong influences on the productivity of such systems and their role in CO2 uptake. The intricate interplay of different parameters at kilometer scale needs to be taken into account when interpreting single profile and/or bottle data in dynamically active regions of the ocean.
Structure of massively dilatant faults in Iceland: lessons learned from high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle data
Authors: Weismüller Christopher , Urai Janos L. , Kettermann Michael , von Hagke Christoph , Reicherter Klaus
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Normal faults in basalts develop massive dilatancy in the upper few hundred
meters below the Earth's surface with corresponding interactions with
groundwater and lava flow. These massively dilatant faults (MDFs) are
widespread in Iceland and the East African Rift, but the details of their
geometry are not well documented, despite their importance for fluid flow in
the subsurface, geohazard assessment and geothermal energy. We present a
large set of digital elevation models (DEMs) of the surface geometries of
MDFs with 5–15 cm resolution, acquired along the Icelandic rift zone using
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Our data present a representative set of
outcrops of MDFs in Iceland, formed in basaltic sequences linked to the mid-ocean ridge. UAVs provide a much higher resolution than aerial/satellite imagery and a
much better overview than ground-based fieldwork, bridging the gap between
outcrop-scale observations and remote sensing. We acquired photosets of
overlapping images along about 20 km of MDFs and processed these using
photogrammetry to create high-resolution DEMs and orthorectified images. We
use this dataset to map the faults and their damage zones to measure length,
opening width and vertical offset of the faults and identify surface tilt in
the damage zones. Ground truthing of the data was done by field
observations. Mapped vertical offsets show typical trends of normal fault growth by
segment coalescence. However, opening widths in map view show variations at
much higher frequency, caused by segmentation, collapsed relays and tilted
blocks. These effects commonly cause a higher-than-expected ratio of
vertical offset and opening width for a steep normal fault at depth. Based on field observations and the relationships of opening width and
vertical offset, we define three endmember morphologies of MDFs: (i) dilatant
faults with opening width and vertical offset, (ii) tilted blocks (TBs) and
(iii) opening-mode (mode I) fissures. Field observation of normal faults
without visible opening invariably shows that these have an opening filled
with recent sediment. TB-dominated normal faults tend to have the largest
ratio of opening width and vertical offset. Fissures have opening widths up
to 15 m with throw below a 2 m threshold. Plotting opening width versus
vertical offset shows that there is a continuous transition between the
endmembers. We conclude that for these endmembers, the ratio between
opening width and vertical offset R can be reliably used to predict fault
structures at depth. However, fractures associated with MDFs belong to one
larger continuum and, consequently, where different endmembers coexist, a
clear identification of structures solely via the determination of R is
impossible.
The Power Curve Working Group's Assessment of Wind Turbine
Power Performance Prediction Methods
Authors: Lee Joseph C. Y. , Stuart Peter , Clifton Andrew , Fields M. Jason , Perr-Sauer Jordan , Williams Lindy , Cameron Lee , Geer Taylor , Housley Paul
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Wind turbine power production deviates from the reference power curve in real-world atmospheric conditions. Correctly predicting turbine power performance requires models to be validated for a wide range of wind turbines using inflow in different locations. The Share-3 exercise is the most recent intelligence-sharing exercise of the Power Curve Working Group, which aims to advance the modeling of turbine performance. The goal of the exercise is to search for modeling methods that reduce error and uncertainty in power prediction when wind shear and turbulence digress from design conditions. Herein, we analyze the data of 55 wind turbine power performance tests from 9 contributing organizations with statistical tests to quantify the skills of the prediction-correction methods. We assess the accuracy and precision of four proposed trial methods against the Baseline method, which uses the conventional definition of power curve with wind speed and air density at hub height. The trial methods reduce power-production prediction errors compared to the Baseline method at high wind speeds, which contribute heavily to power production; however, the trial methods fail to significantly reduce prediction uncertainty in most meteorological conditions. For the meteorological conditions when a wind turbine produces less than the power its reference power curve suggests, using power deviation matrices leads to more accurate power prediction. We also identify that for more than half of the submissions, the data set has a large influence on the effectiveness of a trial method. Overall, this work affirms the value of data-sharing efforts in advancing power-curve modeling and establishes the groundwork for future collaborations.
Limiar anaeróbio em atletas de natação: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Da Silva Jhonny Kleber Ferreira , Enes Alysson Afonso Nadalin , Costa Poliana De Lima , Alves Danilo Leonel , De Souza Rafael Octaviano , Osiecki Raul
Published: October 2019

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi relatar os métodos utilizados na literatura para a identificação do limiar anaeróbio em nadadores e, verificar a existência de possíveis lacunas que justifiquem a realização de novos estudos. Buscaram-se artigos nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Web Of Science, Scielo e Science Direct. O Protocolo de 200m é o mais utilizado, indicando ser o mais adequado para grupos de provas distintas. Porém, constatamos que a literatura carece de delineamentos adequados para cada estilo de nado, assim como para a especialidade de cada atleta. Concluímos que é possível utilizar diferentes métodos para identificação do limiar anaeróbio, proporcionando o uso deste para a prescrição e controle do treinamento de nadadores.
A interface entre a apropriação da linguagem por sujeitos surdos e a língua de sinais
Authors: Andreis-Witkoski Silvia , Filietaz Marta Rejane Proença
Published: October 2019

Este artigo aborda a apropriação da linguagem por surdos, apontando a relevância do papel da Libras em suas interações familiares, escolares e sociais. As discussões estão alicerçadas sobre a teoria sócio histórica de Vygotsky, segundo a qual o desenvolvimento da linguagem ocorre impulsionado pelas interações humanas. A partir dessa perspectiva teórica, foram levantadas questões sobre os efeitos da privação da Língua de Sinais em crianças surdas, uma lacuna que as impede de alcançar desenvolvimento semelhante ao das crianças ouvintes por não terem acesso a uma língua plena. Além da necessidade de a criança surda ter acesso à Língua de Sinais desde tenra idade, aponta-se também a importância da criação de um ambiente bilíngue familiar, escolar e social, para que ela possa ter interações de qualidade, fomentando a plena apropriação da linguagem e de outros desenvolvimentos correlatos.
Fundamentos bíblicos de la separación de poderes y función catalizadora del juez
Authors: Bernal Pulido Carlos
Published: October 2019

Este artículo sostiene que la Biblia fundamenta el principio de separación de poderes. En efecto, a partir de una reconstrucción conceptual de dicha noción, este trabajo defiende la tesis de que las Escrituras atribuyen a los jueces la función de incentivar a las autoridades políticas a comportarse de forma virtuosa para proteger los derechos e intereses de las personas. Las conclusiones que proporciona este artículo resultan de suma relevancia para sostener una concepción que incentive a los jueces a ejercer una función catalizadora para que las autoridades políticas efectivamente protejan los derechos e intereses de las personas mediante la creación de derecho y la formulación de políticas públicas.
Nódier Agudelo Betancur, Defensa putativa. Teoría y práctica. Aspectos jurídicos y psicológicos. Doctrina, jurisprudencia, preguntas, casos y problemas, 2.ª ed., Bogotá, Temis, 2017, 150 pp.
Authors: Cruz Palmera Roberto
Published: October 2019

Este libro se compone de dos partes. La primera, una parte teórica donde el autor expone los cuatro temas que considera más relevantes en materia de defensa putativa. La segunda, una parte práctica en la que recoge un conjunto de casos tanto de la Corte Suprema de Justicia colombiana como de otros tribunales de instancias inferiores. Además, en esta última parte se ofrecen tres capítulos dirigidos a la ayuda docente: casos prácticos, preguntas y una recopilación de problemas referidos a la defensa putativa. Ahora bien, en la medida en que la segunda parte del trabajo de Agudelo Betancur se limita a recopilar casos y conceptos tomados de la jurisprudencia, así como una batería de preguntas de reflexión, no me detendré en la descripción de esa parte del libro. Por el contrario, no solo describiré, sino que también expondré algunas críticas a los temas tratados por el autor en la primera parte del trabajo. Finalmente, para la segunda parte, haré una crítica referida al capítulo denominado “Jurisprudencia” (pp. 79-126).
¿Es la ética jurídica un elemento de la identidad profesional del abogado? Los estudiantes opinan
Authors: Gallardo Yurixhi
Published: October 2019

El desempeño profesional de los abogados exige pensar en la identidad de los profesionales del derecho. El trabajo muestra el vínculo entre ética jurídica e identidad profesional. Aborda la ética como competencia profesional. Además, plantea la valoración que hacen estudiantes de último año de la licenciatura en Derecho en una universidad del occidente de México a la ética como competencia profesional. El trabajo está dividido en tres apartados: el primero explica qué se entiende por identidad profesional y cómo se desarrolla en las escuelas de Derecho en México; la segunda parte presenta a la ética como una competencia profesional; por último, analiza los resultados que arroja un estudio a alumnos de último año de licenciatura en Derecho de la mencionada universidad. El estudio muestra que la ética profesional es un elemento constitutivo de la identidad profesional. Propone abordar a la ética como competencia profesional desde tres perspectivas. Por otra parte, identifica que los estudiantes hacen una alta valoración de la ética frente a otras competencias profesionales.
Perspectiva histórica de la metáfora del concepto jurídico de persona. Etimología e ideas en la Antigüedad
Authors: Lell Helga María
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo aborda la manera como el concepto jurídico de persona se construye sobre una metáfora antigua que lo relaciona con la metáfora teatral, la cual representa un personaje, y las diferentes interpretaciones que sobre esta noción se han dado en la Antigüedad occidental, y a las que otras concepciones filosóficas han llegado en la actualidad. En particular, el objetivo es señalar que el vocablo no es claro y que, si hoy en día se lo vincula con la idea de humanidad y con ciertas exigencias, ello radica en la evolución semántica del término. En tal sentido, aquí se espera efectuar una breve sistematización de ideas que colaboren en la comprensión de los cambios semánticos.
La transformación conceptual del modelo político clásico del Estado en Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Magoja Eduardo Esteban
Published: October 2019

En términos conceptuales, la historia de la teoría política presenta, grosso modo, dos grandes modelos explicativos acerca del surgimiento y los fines del Estado. Por un lado, un modelo clásico representado por Platón, Aristóteles y Cicerón, que se caracteriza por el propósito de lograr la conformación de hombres virtuosos. Por otro lado, un modelo propio de la Modernidad, que concibe el Estado como una consecuencia para satisfacer las necesidades de la vida, solucionar los conflictos entre los particulares y garantizar su preservación. Entre ambos momentos históricos (Antigüedad y Modernidad), el pensamiento político medieval esconde la llave para poder comprender ese viraje. De hecho, tal aspecto fue advertido hace tiempo por Arendt, Habermas y, mucho más recientemente, por Bertelloni. Focalizados en esta temática, este trabajo tiene el propósito de analizar cómo se presenta en Tomás de Aquino ese desplazamiento a partir de una (in)consciente resemantización del concepto de naturaleza (phýsis/natura), y también a raíz de la emergencia de un contexto de enunciación especial que posibilitó la novedad.
La justiciabilidad directa de los derechos laborales en la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Moscoso Becerra Gerson
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que en virtud de la hermenéutica de los artículos 26 y 29 literales b) y d) de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos y el Caso Lagos del Campo vs. Perú –que serán materia de análisis en el presente artículo académico– es justiciable el derecho a la estabilidad laboral y a la libertad de expresión en contextos laborales en sede supranacional, es decir, ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. En primer lugar, se explicará el origen del debate referido a la justiciabilidad directa de los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales. Posteriormente, los primeros pronunciamientos –incluido el más determinante de la Corte– para, finalmente, argumentar que los Estados parte de la Convención Americana se encuentran sujetos a fortalecer los estados tuitivos de los derechos laborables.
Language and Gender Representation in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart
Authors: Ijem Blessing U. , Agbo Isaiah I.
Published: October 2019

This article examines the linguistic construction of gender in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. It shows how this reflects the social reality of the relationships between women and men in society, which is firstly structured in the unconscious mind. The examination of language use in constructing genders in the novel is important as it unveils the relationships between the male and the female in society. This is because gender representation is influenced by unconscious and hidden desires in man. This study specifically examines Achebe’s use of grammatical categories in the construction of the male and female genders in Things Fall Apart. To this end, it reflects the pre-colonial Igbo society in its socially stratified mode, which language served as the instrument for both exclusion and oppression of women. This article shows that the male and female genders dance unequal dance in a socially, politically and economically stratified society where the generic male gender wields untold influence over women in that pre-colonial Igbo society. The study further shows that Achebe used language in Things Fall Apart to glorify masculine gender while portraying the female gender as docile, foolish, weak and irresponsible second-class citizen.
Isokinetic Strength of the Dominant and Non-dominant Elbow in Elite Male Volleyball Players
Authors: Cengizel Elif
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to compare the elbow isokinetic strength applied at different angular velocities on the dominant and non-dominant side in elite male volleyball players. Fifteen elite volleyball players participated in the research. Isokinetic elbow flexion and extension strength were separately obtained on concentric/concentric dominant and non-dominant side as 5 repetitions at 60˚.s-1 angular velocity, 10 repetitions at 180˚.s-1 and 15 repetitions at 300˚.s-1. In the research, the peak torque (PT), peak torque/body weight (PT/BW), flexion/extension ratio (B/T), angle of PT, work and power parameters were compared between the dominant and non-dominant elbows. No significant difference was found between the dominant and non-dominant side in the elbow isokinetic strength parameters of the subjects at three different velocities. A significant difference was found at three different velocities only in the angle of PT flexion (p < 0.05). It is thought that this difference may result from the muscle shortening that may occur on muscle length (longitudinal effect) as a result of the more concentric contraction of the muscle on the dominant side compared to the non-dominant muscle. Consequently, there is not any isokinetic strength difference between the dominant and non-dominant elbow in elite male volleyball players. Isokinetic elbow test can provide important information regarding the potential risk factors for elbow injuries. For this reason, it is recommended to include this test in the functional screening of volleyball players.
An Interesting Case Report of Frontal Sinus Keratocyst
Authors: Mohebbi Alireza , Aghajanpour Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To report an unusual case of frontal sinus keratocyst.

Case Report: A 31 year old woman presented with a history of swollen right eye and visual field impairment. The ophthalmological examination revealed right superior eyelid edema and some degrees of proptosis. CT scan with iodine injection evidenced the opacification of the right frontal sinus with superior orbital wall lysis. Complete endoscopic surgical resection of a mass containing foul smelling keratin material was performed via Draf type III. The patient became symptomatic after 6 years. Imaging studies showed neo- osteogenesis in the far lateral end of right frontal sinus. Frontal trephination was done and the remnant of keratocyst was removed and the septum interfacing the cell and the right frontal sinus was walled down entirely.

Conclusion: Although frontal sinus keratocyst is benign but can spread to the surrounding structures leading to several complications. Therefore, complete surgical resection is necessary to avoid recurrence.
Learning Difficulties in Theoretical Physics and Teaching Reform Strategies
Authors: Liu Tingting
Published: October 2019

Theoretical physics is an important subject in physics. The major goal of theoretical physics courses is to help students learn to think like a physicist. The theoretical physics curriculum mainly includes theoretical mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, and quantum mechanics. These courses play an important role in cultivating students' physics literacy. There are many difficulties in the learning process of theoretical physics, such as the lack of motivation and goals, negative influence of pre-scientific concepts, cognitive impairment of learning and mathematical learning disability. Teachers should use effective teaching strategies to help students to overcome learning difficulties.
2019/30 The religious ethos and differences of treatment in employment on grounds of belief (EU)
Authors: Świątkowski Andrzej Marian
Published: October 2019

2019/30 The religious ethos and differences of treatment in employment on grounds of belief (EU)

The author discusses the recent ECJ judgments in the cases Egenberger and IR on religious discrimination.
2019/38 Liability of overseas co-workers for whistleblowing detriment (UK)
Authors: Lister Richard
Published: October 2019

2019/38 Liability of overseas co-workers for whistleblowing detriment (UK)

This was a case alleging detrimental treatment for whistleblowing brought by an employee working outside the UK against two co-workers also working abroad in the same location. The Court of Appeal (CA) ruled that there was no jurisdiction for the Employment Tribunal (ET) to hear the claim in relation to personal liability of the co-workers because they were outside the scope of UK employment law. The CA’s judgment potentially has implications for other types of claim brought by UK employees posted abroad where similar personal liability provisions apply, such as discrimination and harassment.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with intracranial extension – diagnosis and treatment.
Authors: Gołąbek Wiesław , Szymańska Anna , Szymański Marcin , Czekajska-Chehab Elżbieta , Jargiełło Tomasz
Published: October 2019

Introduction
This retrospective study analyzes radiological findings, therapeutic management and outcomes of patients with intracranial extension of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). The routes of intracranial spread, incidence of intracranial disease and influence on therapeutic approach are discussed.
Material and methods
An evaluation on the records of 62 patients with JNA was performed and 10 patients with intracranial tumors were included in the study. All patients were males aged 10 to 19 years.
Results
According to Andrews' classification 8 patients presented with stage IIIb, 1 patient stage IVa and another patient stage IVb tumor. Intracranial invasion was extradural in 8 cases and intradural in 2 patient. Surgery was performed in 9 cases and the most common was combined approach: infratemporal fossa and sublabial transantral. One patient was referred for radiotherapy. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 26 years. There was extracranial recurrence in 2 (22%) of 9 operated patients.
Conclusions
The superior orbital fissure is the most frequent route of intracranial spread in patients with extensive involvement of the infratemporal fossa. Due to high risk of recurrence and potential serious complications advanced cases of JNA should be managed by experienced multidisciplinary team, preferably in tertiary referral centers, with an access to modern diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
Modified Makuuchi incision for major upper abdominal surgeries
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Awale Laligan , Adhikary Shailesh , Banerjee Jayant Kumar , Ghosh Sita , Kulkarni Shrirang , Saranga Bharathi Ramanathan
Published: October 2019

Background: Numerous incisions are described for abdominal operations. However, opinion is divided regarding the correct choice of incision for major upper abdominal surgeries.
Material & methods: Experience of 3 surgical centres with the use of modified Makuuchi incision, for major upper abdominal surgeries, from Mar 2014- Dec 2018, was audited.
Results: 144 patients [76 Males: 68 Females] with an average age of 48.25 years underwent surgery using modified Makuuchi incision. ’J’ and ‘L’ incisions were used in 96 and 48 patients, respectively. Further extension of the incision was necessary in 2 patients. Adequate exposure and enhanced surgical ergonomics was observed in all cases. Surgical site infection was seen in 19 patients [13.2%]. Incisional hernias was observed in 6 patients [4.2%], on an average follow up of 27.78 months.
Conclusions: Modified Makuuchi incision proves efficacious for major upper abdominal surgeries.
MODELLING THE INFLUENCE OF CYLINDRICAL THROTTLE
EROSION WEAR ON CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMATIC
BALANCING DEVICE
Authors: TARASEVYCH Yuliia , SOVENKO Nataliia
Published: October 2019

Complicated system of forces acts on the rotor of multi-stage centrifugal pump under its exploitation. Axial
force is the biggest one for pumps with one-side inlet wheels. This force in many constructions of pumps is
balanced by special automatic balancing device (ABD). This device consists of an unloading disk rigidly fixed
on the shaft and a non-rotating supporting disk. The corresponding surfaces of these elements form cylindrical
and face throttles arranged in series divided with the unloading chamber. Automatic operation of such devices
is caused by the interdependence of hydrodynamic characteristics in cylindrical and face throttles. The middle
gap value of cylindrical throttle is one of the main characteristics determining the pressure in the chamber
and the ABD flow-rate value. The middle gap can increase due to erosive wear under pump operating, and
it can result in negative impact on ABD operating. In this work, the intensity of erosion wear is considered
as a function of middle velocity of flow and the coefficient of material wear. The middle velocity of flow in
the cylindrical throttle is obtained by solving equations of turbulent fluid flow motion jointly with continuity
equation. It allows one to determine the changes of the middle gap of cylindrical throttle in time and to
estimate the influence of such changes on static and flow-rate characteristics of the ABD.
Ultrahigh-Performance Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Tetrodotoxin in Mussels, Oysters, Clams, Cockles, and Scallops: Collaborative Study
Authors: Turner Andrew D , Dhanji-Rapkova Monika , Fong Sum Y T , Hungerford James , McNabb Paul S , Boundy Michael J , Harwood D Tim ,   Collaborators, Aanrud S , Alfonso C , Alvarez M , Amzil Z , Antelo A , Arévalo F , Barrera M , Braekevelt E , Bunæs J , Cagide E , Cangini M , Carrasco D , Casey M , Chan P , Faulkner D , Gago-Martínez A , Gibbs R , Hatfield R , Hayman C , Hiroshi O , Hort V , Hutchinson J , Jordan T , Mariappan M , Leão J , Maskrey B , McCarron P , McGrath S , Milandri A , Milandri S , Moroño A , Murray S , Nicolas M , Queijo A , Pompei M , Réveillon D , Rourke W , Salgado C , Savar V , Stokes B , Suarez-Isla B , Suzuki T , Thomas K , Watanabe R
Published: October 2019

Background: An ultrahigh-performance LC (UHPLC)–tandem MS (MS/MS) method for determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins and tetrodotoxin (TTX) in bivalve molluscs was developed. To be used for regulatory testing, it needed to be validated through collaborative study. Objective: The aim was to conduct a collaborative study with 21 laboratories, using results to assess method performance. Methods: Study materials incorporated shellfish species mussels, oysters, cockles, scallops, and clams and were assessed to demonstrate stability and homogeneity. Mean concentrations determined by participants for blind duplicate samples were used to assess reproducibility, repeatability, and trueness. Results: Method performance characteristics were excellent following statistical assessment of participant data, with method trueness showing excellent method accuracy against expected values. No significant difference was found in the trueness results determined by different chromatographic column types. Acceptability of the between-laboratory reproducibility for individual analytes was evidenced by >99% of valid Horwitz ratio values being less than the 2.0 limit of acceptability. With excellent linearity and sensitivity fit-for-purpose over a range of mass spectrometer instruments, the UHPLC-MS/MS method compared well against other detection methods. It includes additional paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) analogues as well as TTX, which, to date, have not been incorporated into any other hydrophilic marine toxin official method of analysis. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate that the method is suitable for the analysis of PST analogues and TTX in shellfish tissues and is recommended as an official alternative method of analysis for regulatory control. Highlights: A new mass spectrometric method for PST and TTX has been validated successfully through collaborative study.
Atopic Dermatitis: From Physiopathology to the Clinics
Authors: Figueras-Nart Ignasi , Palomares-Gracia Oscar
Published: October 2019

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic, relapsing inflammatory disease with a complex etiopathogenesis. Alterations of the epidermal barrier function together with a predominantly type 2 altered immune response are responsible for the heterogeneous clinical manifestation. Although pruritic eczematous plaques represent the most frequent phenotype, several others are also characteristic. The diagnostic of the disease relies on clinical aspects, and no complimentary tests are needed. In the literature, we can find a significant number of diagnostic and screening biomarkers; however, severity ones are the most reliable and applicable. Patient-tailored treatment is mandatory, as not all the patients equally respond to the same drugs. The newly released therapies, as well as those under investigation, give hope to AD patients.
Trends in Neuroprotective Strategies after Spinal Cord Injury: State of the Art
Authors: Rodríguez-Barrera Roxana , Garibay-López Marcela , Ibarra Antonio
Published: October 2019

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important pathology leading to possibly fatal consequences. The most common repercussions are those affecting motor and sensitivity skills. SCI-damage occurs in its first phase—as a result of the lesion mechanism (contusion, compression, transection, and primary lesion). After this primary damage, there is a second phase with further deleterious effects on neural degeneration and tissue restoration. At the moment, several investigation groups are working on developing therapeutic strategies to induce neuroprotection. This chapter pretends to introduce the reader to a wide range of these therapies, particularly those with promising results and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. In the first section, physiopathology of SCI will be addressed. Afterwards, the chapter will review neuroprotective strategies such as cyclooxygenase, calpain, and apoptosis inhibitors. Finally, the effect of immunophilin ligands, neural-derived peptides, antioxidants, hypoglycemic agent, gonadal hormones, Na channel blockers, and transplant of cultured cells will also be reviewed.
Human-Centered Approaches in Urban Analytics and Placemaking
Authors: Panagoulia Eleanna
Published: October 2019

Planning for resilience and enabling positive design outcomes require combinatory methods of working with data, in order to assist decision-makers to develop evidence-based methodologies and to communicate new knowledge. The staggering rise of technology and the integration of data-aided analysis tools in urban planning not only facilitates our understanding of socioeconomic flux but also attempts to actively involve users to participate in the creation of environments that are responsive and appropriate to their needs. This chapter aims to contribute to the discourse on user involvement in design-oriented fields, and specifically in urban planning, by analyzing two different approaches of user participatory design, those of indirect and direct participation.
A Geachian Cure for Morally Paralyzed Skeptical Theists
Authors: Tomaszewski Christopher ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

Skeptical theism is a popular response to the evidential problem of evil, but it has recently been accused of proving too much. If skeptical theism is true, its detractors claim, then we not only have no good reason for thinking that God’s reasons for action should be available to creatures like us, but we also have no good reason for thinking that the reasons which govern how we ought to act should be available to creatures like us. And given this ignorance, we would be morally paralyzed, unable to decide what we ought to do in ordinary situations that call for a moral decision. In this paper, I present a simple solution to this problem of moral paralysis by drawing on Peter Geach’s now famous argument for the attributivity of “good.”
Frontiers of Analogous Justice
Authors: Yancey Hilary ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

In this paper I argue for a Thomistic alternative to Martha Nussbaum’s justice for animals as outlined in Frontiers of Justice (2007). I argue that an account of analogous justice between humans and animals can generate real and robust obligations towards animals. I first show how Aquinas’s treatment of nonhuman animals in the questions on law evince a wider, shared community between humans and animals by which we see animals and humans as equally under divine providence. I then argue that while Aquinas’s definition of justice excludes animals in its proper sense, his treatment of animals (or irrational creatures) in questions such as those on theft and charity prove that there is room to understand at least an analogous or metaphorical sense by which we can see them as recipients of justice. Finally, I examine Nussbaum’s own account and illustrate key similarities between her view and that of Aquinas.
The Prophetic Challenge of Disability Art
Authors: Stahl Devan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

For many persons with chronic illness and disability, medical images can come to represent their stigmatized “otherness.” A growing group of artists, however, are transforming their medical images into works of visual art, which better represent their lived experience and challenge viewers to see disability and illness differently. Although few of these artists are self-professed Christians, they challenge the Church to live into the communion to which it has been called. Using a method of correlation, Christian ethicists can find within this art the potential for: (1) creative resistance to modern deployments of biopower, (2) a celebration of divine poiesis, (3) opportunities for communion, and (4) prophetic challenges to the cult of normalcy. Disability art encourages a new ethic of communion in which embodied vulnerabilities are shared, celebrated, and reoriented toward the ground of being.
Deafhood: um conceito em formação no campo dos Estudos Surdos no Brasil
Authors: Fernandes Sueli De Fátima , Terceiro Francisco Martins Lopes
Published: October 2019

Os Estudos Surdos em Educação são um recente campo de pesquisa que tem como objeto o estudo da diferença linguística e cultural das comunidades surdas, pela problematização da histórica narrativa colonialista lançada aos surdos a partir de uma suposta normalidade ouvinte. O conceito de Deafhood, cunhado pelo pesquisador e ativista britânico surdo Paddy Ladd, recobre inúmeras contribuições ao campo ao problematizar o sistema de representações dominantes sobre identidade(s), diferença, alteridade, relações de poder e os efeitos de tais questionamentos nos processos educativos. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, são selecionadas nove publicações de Paddy Ladd, a partir de 1998, não traduzidas no Brasil, com o objetivo de apresentar uma discussão sobre o conceito de Deafhood e sua potencialidade para o debate dos direitos linguísticos e culturais dos surdos. Deafhood revela-se uma ferramenta conceitual “guarda-chuva” que tem como núcleo as relações de poder envolvendo surdos e ouvintes. A produtividade dessa categoria conceitual é evidenciada pela sua ampla apropriação nas publicações de reconhecidos intelectuais surdos e ouvintes brasileiros. A centralidade dada à denúncia do audismo como expressão do colonialismo ouvinte recobre importantes reflexões na construção de uma epistemologia surda, centrada na produção de pesquisadores surdos subalternos e nas dinâmicas e multifacetadas produções culturais das comunidades surdas. As publicações selecionadas para estudo trazem contribuições originais aos modos de interrogar discursos e práticas colonialistas hegemônicas, operando nos deslocamentos discursivos que mobilizam o campo dos Estudos Surdos e fortalecendo a luta política por garantia de direitos linguísticos aos surdos no contexto nacional.
Qualidade de um latossolo sob plantio convencional e sistema plantio direto no cerrado baiano, Brasil
Authors: Fagundes Marla Oliveira , Reis Diony Alves , Portella Roberto Baggatini , Perina Fabiano José , Bogiani Julio Cesar
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar parâmetros físicos e hídricos de um Latossolo de textura franco-arenosa, cultivado com milho sob plantio convencional (PC) e sistema plantio direto (SPD) no Cerrado do Oeste da Bahia, Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido em área experimental situada no município de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia (BA). Os tratamentos foram, T1: Milho (M) sob Plantio Convencional (PC); T2: M sob Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) em consórcio com Braquiária (B); T3: M sob SPD em consórcio com B em sucessão à Soja (S), Milheto (Mt) e Algodão (A); e T4: M sob SPD em consórcio com Crotalária (C), utilizando como referência uma área de Cerrado Nativo (CN), de fitofisionomia de Campo Sujo. As amostras foram coletadas nas camadas 0,00 a 0,05 m; 0,05 a 0,10 m e 0,10 a 0,20 m e foram utilizadas para determinar a porosidade total (Pt); a macroporosidade (Ma); a microporosidade (Mi); a densidade do solo (Ds) e a disponibilidade de água (AD) por meio da curva de retenção de água no solo (CRA); as frações granulométricas e os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT). A diferença dos valores dos atributos medidos nos tratamentos foi, primeiramente, utilizada para verificar o incremento (+) ou a redução (-) do atributo em relação ao CN (Δref, %). Em seguida, os tratamentos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% significância, bem como à análise de correlação de Pearson para avaliação das relações entre os atributos. O SPD promoveu a qualidade do solo, pelo aumento do carbono orgânico total, do grau de floculação, do conteúdo de água disponível e da microporosidade, além de ter reduzido o teor de argila dispersa em água. Contudo, apresentou maior densidade e resistência a penetração, menor macroporosidade e porosidade total, sem prejuízos para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas. Assim sendo, conclui-se que o SPD é capaz de promover a estruturação, a qualidade e as funções do solo enquanto recurso natural essencial à vida.
Identity, Architecture, and Spirituality: The Ursulines of Bordeaux Decorate a Chapel
Authors: Myhr Mity
Published: October 2019

This article examines the Ursuline community in Bordeaux, France between 1606 and 1625. It integrates the community’s social and institutional history with an analysis of their convent’s architecture and devotional practices, an approach that has not until now been taken for women’s teaching orders in France. In 1608 the Ursulines shifted from a secular congregation to a formal religious order. They changed in reaction to community criticism as well as in response to the need for a quiet space in which to practise their religious devotions. After receiving official papal approval in 1618, they decorated their chapel and wrote devotional guides. An examination of their chapel as a public representation of the community’s identity, and of their guides, illustrates the adjustments the Ursulines underwent and the institutionalization of their devotional practices. These transformations enabled the Ursulines to flourish and to play a central role in Catholic reform in Bordeaux and its surrounding regions.
The Political Use of Epicureanism in Filelfo’s Commentationes Florentinae de exilio
Authors: Vilar Mariano
Published: October 2019

Francesco Filelfo’s Commentationes Florentinae de exilio (ca. 1440) presents us with a dialogue among a group of nobles and scholars who debate several issues in moral philosophy to console themselves on their defeat by Cosimo de’ Medici. The role of pleasure in human happiness is treated in several sections of the work in relation to three of Filelfo’s main goals: the condemnation of his rivals Poggio Bracciolini and Niccolò Niccoli (both of whom were connected with the Medicean circle), the exaltation of his own philological erudition, and the attack on Cosimo’s regime. There is textual evidence that Filelfo used some of the ideas presented by Valla in his De voluptate (1431) for the purpose of satirizing his rivals and showing that their interest in Epicureanism was morally and intellectually flawed.
Transient protein accumulation at the center of the T cell antigen-presenting cell interface drives efficient IL-2 secretion
Authors: Clark Danielle J , McMillan Laura E , Tan Sin Lih , Bellomo Gaia , Massoue Clementine , Thompson Harry , Mykhaylechko Lidiya , Alibhai Dominic , Ruan Xiongtao , Singleton Kentner L , Du Minna , Hedges Alan , Schwartzberg Pamela L , Verkade Paul , Murphy Robert F , Wülfing Christoph
Published: October 2019

Supramolecular signaling assemblies are of interest for their unique signaling properties. A µm scale signaling assembly, the central supramolecular signaling cluster (cSMAC), forms at the center of the interface of T cells activated by antigen-presenting cells. We have determined that it is composed of multiple complexes of a supramolecular volume of up to 0.5 µm3 and associated with extensive membrane undulations. To determine cSMAC function, we have systematically manipulated the localization of three adaptor proteins, LAT, SLP-76, and Grb2. cSMAC localization varied between the adaptors and was diminished upon blockade of the costimulatory receptor CD28 and deficiency of the signal amplifying kinase Itk. Reconstitution of cSMAC localization restored IL-2 secretion which is a key T cell effector function as dependent on reconstitution dynamics. Our data suggest that the cSMAC enhances early signaling by facilitating signaling interactions and attenuates signaling thereafter through sequestration of a more limited set of signaling intermediates.
Rare variants contribute disproportionately to quantitative trait variation in yeast
Authors: Bloom Joshua S , Boocock James , Treusch Sebastian , Sadhu Meru J , Day Laura , Oates-Barker Holly , Kruglyak Leonid
Published: October 2019

How variants with different frequencies contribute to trait variation is a central question in genetics. We use a unique model system to disentangle the contributions of common and rare variants to quantitative traits. We generated ~14,000 progeny from crosses among 16 diverse yeast strains and identified thousands of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 38 traits. We combined our results with sequencing data for 1011 yeast isolates to show that rare variants make a disproportionate contribution to trait variation. Evolutionary analyses revealed that this contribution is driven by rare variants that arose recently, and that negative selection has shaped the relationship between variant frequency and effect size. We leveraged the structure of the crosses to resolve hundreds of QTLs to single genes. These results refine our understanding of trait variation at the population level and suggest that studies of rare variants are a fertile ground for discovery of genetic effects.
Knowledge, Practices and Perception of Malaria and Its Home Management Using Artemicinin-based Combined Therapy (ACT) among Mothers of Under-five
Authors: Akinwalere B. E. , Longe I. O.
Published: October 2019

Malaria is a serious public health problem, yet preventable and treatable. The disease is one of the world’s highest rates of all cause of mortality for children under five, and about one in six children die before their fifth birthday. Hence, mothers of under-five and caregiver have a pivotal role to play in tackling this issue by improving their knowledge and skills concerning the treatment, prevention, and control using the appropriate approach. This study was carried out to assess knowledge, practices, and perception of malaria and its home management using Artemicinin-based Combined Therapy (ACT) in Yemetu community of Ibadan North Local Government. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving the use of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) to facilitate the sampling and interview of respondents. This included recruiting all the mothers of under-five in Yemetu community who gave consent for the study. Four hundred (400) mothers of under-five in Yemetu community consented to participate in the study and were selected. A validated semi-structured questionnaire interviewed and self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and respondents were assessed on a 62-points knowledge scale, 5-points practice scale, and 17-points perception scales. Knowledge score ≤21 were rated poor, scores ≥22≤42 fair and scores ≥43 were considered good. Practice score ≤3 was recorded as poor practice while scores ≥3 good practice. Perception scores ≤ 9 were considered unfavourable perception and scores ≥ 9 were considered favourable. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data at 95% level of significance.

Respondents’ mean age was 29.9 ± 7.0 years and the majority of them (91.1%) of them were Yoruba. The majority (91.0%) of them were married and (91.1%) were Yorubas. Only (23.0%) correctly identified plasmodium as a cause of malaria. The correctly mentioned signs and symptoms of simple malaria were; cold (89.3%), body ache (91.3%) and fever (88.5%). The fairly corrected home management practice steps include; Exposure of baby to fresh air, administration of paracetamol, and then provision of coartem (2.6%) and bathing the baby, use of paracetamol and administration of coartem (1.3%). Negative perception shown by the respondents includes: Only (15.0%) believed that malaria is a disease of the poor and preference of herbal medicine to medical medicine for treating children at home when they have malaria episode because it is cheaper (19.8%). Overall, (2.9%) had poor knowledge, the majority (87.3%) had a fair knowledge, and 9.8% had good knowledge. There are several gaps in the respondents’ knowledge relating to malaria and its management in under-five. Therefore, there is a need for peer education/training approach in this regard to upgrading mothers' knowledge and skills concerning the treatment, prevention, and control of malaria.
Predictive Performance of Hargreaves Model in Estimating Solar Radiation in Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria Using Minimum Climatological Data
Authors: Samuel Ojo , Taofeek Ayodele Alimi , Anna Solomon Amos
Published: October 2019

Mathematical models have been very useful in reducing challenges encountered by researchers due to the inability of having solar radiation data or lack of instrumental sites at every point on the Earth.  This work aimed at investigating the prediction performance of Hargreaves-Samani’s model in estimating global solar radiation (GSR) out of the many other empirical models so far formulated for this purpose. This model basically uses maximum and minimum temperature data and basically used in mid-latitudes. The paper attempts to assess the predictive performance of Hargreaves-Samani’s model in the Savanna region using Yola as a case study. Estimated values of GSR from one month data adopted from the Meteorological station of the Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria was used for this purpose. Using this model shows a 95% index of agreement (IA) with the observed values; which suggests a good model performance and can also be used in estimating global solar radiation in the Savanna region particularly in areas with little or no such climatic data.