bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifocal displays: review and prospect
Authors: Zhan Tao , Xiong Jianghao , Zou Junyu , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: March 2020

Conventional stereoscopic three-dimensional displays suffer from vergence- accommodation conflict because the stimulus to accommodation is fixed by the display panel and viewing optics, but that to vergence changes with image contents. With the recent rapid development of head-mounted displays, several methods have been proposed to offer the accommodation cues, among which multifocal display technology is an effective and practical solution. The first two decades of this century has witnessed the fast growth of multifocal displays from basic concept to mature implementations. This review systematically presents the state-of-the-art multifocal display design and development. Firstly, a comprehensive classification of numerous potential optical architectures to provide the multiplanar functionality is introduced, based on how the information is multiplexed and how the focal planes are generated. Next, the strengths and obstacles of reported or potential designs in each category are analyzed and compared with each other. In addition to enabling optics, the image rendering approaches for the multifocal planes are also described. This review presents a sufficient collection of past designs and is expected to offer a roadmap for future research and development of multifocal displays.
Clinical Controversies in the Management of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Lomas Oliver C. , Ghobrial Irene M.
Published: March 2020

Forty years ago this year, smoldering multiple myeloma was defined as a clinical entity that identifies a group of patients with a substantial burden of disease but with a relatively indolent natural history compared with symptomatic disease. Since then, there has been a revolution in the therapeutic options for multiple myeloma. The aim of this article is to describe recent advances in the identification of those patients who are at the highest risk of progression and whether they may benefit from therapy. Treatment of smoldering myeloma is an area of active debate and we present contrasting interpretations of the available trial data. We conclude by identifying the priorities for research that will help to clarify the management of this condition, which can be challenging for physicians and patients alike.
The Use of Health-Related Technology to Reduce the Gap Between Developed and Undeveloped Regions Around the Globe
Authors: Ngwa Wilfred , Olver Ian , Schmeler Kathleen M.
Published: March 2020

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with approximately 70% of the 9.6 million deaths per year occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where there is critical shortage of human and material resources or infrastructure to deal with cancer. If the current trend continues, the burden of cancer is expected to increase to 22 million new cases annually by 2030, with 81% of new cases and almost 88% of mortality occurring in LMICs. Global health places a priority on improving health and reducing these disparities to achieve equity in health for all people worldwide. In today’s hyper-connected world, information and communication technologies (ICTs) will increasingly play an integral role in global health. Here, we focus on how the use of health-related technology, specifically ICTs and artificial intelligence (AI), can help in closing the gap between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs in cancer care, research, and education. Key examples are highlighted on the use of telemedicine and tumor boards, as well as other online resources that can be leveraged to advance global health.
Epidemiology and Primary Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Furie Karen
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article provides an update on the epidemiology and prevention of a first stroke. Risk factor modification plays a large role in stroke prevention. Strategies for early intervention, particularly for hypertension, are critical for reducing stroke morbidity and mortality.

RECENT FINDINGS

Because of the new criteria for hypertension, more people are now classified as hypertensive and can benefit from lifestyle or medical management. Direct oral anticoagulants have made it easier to safely treat patients with atrial fibrillation and are now considered first-line therapy for patients with an additional stroke risk factor.

Primary prevention of stroke is essential for maintaining brain health throughout the life span. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and routine screening for stroke risk factors can promote healthy, stroke-free aging.
Coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell behaviour during Drosophila abdominal morphogenesis
Authors: Pulido Companys Pau , Norris Anneliese , Bischoff Marcus
Published: March 2020

During morphogenesis, cells exhibit various behaviours, such as migration and constriction, which need to be coordinated. How this is achieved remains elusive. During morphogenesis of the Drosophila adult abdominal epidermis, larval epithelial cells (LECs) migrate directedly before constricting apically and undergoing apoptosis. Here, we study the mechanisms underlying the transition from migration to constriction. We show that LECs possess a pulsatile apical actomyosin network, and that a change in network polarity correlates with behavioural change. Exploring the properties of the contractile network, we find that cell contractility, as determined by myosin activity, has an impact on the behaviour of the network, as well as on cytoskeletal architecture and cell behaviour. Pulsed contractions occur only in cells with intermediate levels of contractility. Furthermore, increasing levels of the small Rho GTPase Rho1 disrupts pulsing, leading to cells that cycle between two states, characterised by a junctional cortical and an apicomedial actin network. Our results highlight that behavioural change relies on tightly controlled cellular contractility. Moreover, we show that constriction can occur without pulsing, raising questions why constricting cells pulse in some contexts but not in others.
The Aging of the Baby Boomers: Demographics and Propagation of Tax Shocks
Authors: Ferraro Domenico , Fiori Giuseppe
Published: March 2020

We study how the changing demographic composition of the US labor force has affected the response of the unemployment rate to marginal tax rate shocks. Using narratively identified tax changes as proxies for structural shocks, we establish that the responsiveness of the unemployment rates to tax changes varies significantly across age groups: the unemployment rate response of the young is nearly twice as large as that of the old. This heterogeneity is the channel through which shifts in the age composition of the labor force impact the response of the unemployment rate to tax cuts. We find that the aging of the baby boomers considerably reduces the effects of tax cuts on aggregate unemployment. (JEL E24, E62, H24, H31, J21)
Antenatal corticosteroid administration for foetal lung maturation
Authors: Wynne Katie , Rowe Christopher , Delbridge Matthew , Watkins Brendan , Brown Karina , Addley Jordan , Woods Andrew , Murray Henry
Published: March 2020

Antenatal corticosteroids are an essential component in the management of women at risk for preterm labour. They promote lung maturation and reduce the risk of other preterm neonatal complications. This narrative review discusses the contentious issues and controversies around the optimal use of antenatal corticosteroids and their consequences for both the mother and the neonate. The most recent evidence base is presented.
An examination of the effects of a patient-designed-and-informed participant information sheet in comparison with a standard, researcher-designed information sheet on recruitment, retention and understanding: Protocol for a study-within-a-trial
Authors: Dwyer Christopher P. , Joyce Robert A. , Bane Eimear M. , Moses Anusha , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Hynes Sinéad M.
Published: March 2020

Background: This protocol describes a double-blind, randomised non-inferiority study-within-a-trial (SWAT), comparing the effects of a patient-designed-and-informed participant information sheet with a standard, researcher-designed participant information sheet on recruitment, retention, decision certainty, participant information sheet understanding and likeability. The SWAT is part of a larger trial that aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a cognitive occupation-based programme for people with MS (COB-MS) on cognitive and daily functioning for people with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: During the study, 120 people with multiple sclerosis will be randomly allocated to one of the two groups, where they will either receive a standard participant information sheet or a patient-designed participant information sheet. Recruitment and retention will be analysed, as well as decision certainty, likability and understanding.

Discussion: Results will provide recommendations for recruitment, consent and retention for future trials, as well as shed some light on the factors influencing the understanding and likeability of a trial’s participant information sheet. Recommendations will also be made regarding patient and public involvement in developing and/or aiding the development of participant information sheets. 

Registration: SWAT: Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository Store (SWAT105). COB-MS trial: ISRCTN11462710.
Vegetative, endocrine and metabolic accompaniments of individual immune responses to adaptogenic balneotherapy
Authors: Mel’nyk Oksana , Struk Zoryana , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: March 2020

Background. Earlier in clinical observations four variants of the immune responses to adaptogenic balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ spa have been identified. In 40,9% of patients, initially normal immune status did not change significantly; in 31,8%, the lower boundary level of immunity is completely normalized; in 22,7% moderate immunosuppression is reduced, but not up to normal; however, in 4,5% of people, initially normal level of immunity are transformed into moderate immunosuppression. All four variants of immune responses are virtually unmistakably predicted by a set of 20 predictors. The purpose of this study is to analyze vegetative, endocrine and metabolic accompaniments of individual immune responses to balneofactors of Truskavets’ spa. Material and methods. The object of observation were 34 men and 10 women aged 24-70 years old, who came to the Truskavets’ spa for the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis combined with cholecystitis in remission. The survey was conducted twice, before and after balneotherapy (drinking bioactive water Naftussya three times a day, ozokerite applications, mineral baths every other day for 7-10 days). Immune status evaluated on a set of I and II levels recommended by the WHO. The state of the autonomic nervous system is estimated by HRV ("CardioLab+HRV"). To assess endocrine status we determined plasma levels of principal adaptation Hormones: Cortisol, Testosterone and Triiodothyronine (ELISA). We determined also the plasma and daily urine levels of the electrolytes: calcium, phosphates, sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride as well as nitrous metabolites creatinine, urea and uric acid. According to the parameters of electrolyte exchange, parathyroid, calcitonin and mineralocorticoid hormonal activities was evaluated. We estimated also plasma lipide spectrum. Results. 13 immunosuppressive and 6 immune-enhancing neuro-endocrine and metabolic parameters identified. Discriminant analysis conducted to identify parameters, in which the four immune response clusters differ significantly from each other. 25 parameters are characteristic, 12 of them related to the HRV, 5 to endocrine, 5 to electrolytes and 3 to nitrous metabolites exchange. Conclusion. Individual immune responses to adaptogenic balneofactors are accompanied by characteristic changes in the parameters of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, as well as the exchange of electrolytes, nitrogen metabolites and lipids.
Influence of negative redox potential on functional and biochemical processes of the kidneys at the polyuric stage of sublimate nephropathy
Authors: Rohovyi Yurii , Kolesnik Oksana
Published: March 2020

Goal. To find out the effect of water load of negative redox potential on the functional and biochemical processes of the kidneys in comparison with induced diuresis with ordinary tap water at the poliuric stage of sublimate nephropathy in hyponatric diets.Materials and methods. In experiments on 60 white non-linear mature male rats in a hyposodium diet at the poliuric stage of sublimate nephropathy 72 hours after subcutaneous administration of sublimate at a dose of 5mg/kg per load of water with a negative redox potential (-232.0±25.12 mV) compared to induced diuresis with ordinary tap water (redox potential 88.7±18.35 mV), which ORP-meter was measured, lipid peroxidation, tissue fibrinolysis, succinate dehydrogenase activity, β-2-microglobulin reabsorption, excretory, ionoregulatory functions were studied, glomerular-tubular and tubular-tubular balance of the kidneys.Results and discussion. According to the experience installed protective, antioxidant effects of water negative redox potential, which was manifested by the decrease in the level of diene conjugates, malonic aldehyde, the degree of swelling and damage by the ratio of K+/Na+ to the cortical substance of the kidney, improve the reabsorption of sodium ions, β-2-microglobulin in the proximal tubules with a reduction in the loss of this cation from urine by increasing the supply of electrons to the tubules of the kidneys. Improving the energy status of the proximal nephron in conditions experience increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the cortical portion of the kidney has led to the improvement of tissue fibrinolysis and processes glomerular-tubular and tubular-tubular balance with loss correlations, the relative water reabsorption from the glomerular filtration, absolute proximal and distal reabsorbtion of sodium ions.
The role of the psychological type of personality in the formation of adherence to treatment of patients with resistant arterial hypertension
Authors: Voloshyna O. , Zbitnieva V. , Lysyi I. , Dukova O. , Dychko T. , Chaika A. , Balashova I. , Naydynova O.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the results of analysis of the personality psychological type of patients with resistant arterial hypertension in the formation of adherence to treatment for the purpose of effective blood pressure control by a doctor and a patient. Obtained data is demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of both adherent and non-adherent patients are characterized by “adaptive” types of attitude to disease (harmonic, ergopathic, anosognostic), that is, types without impairment of mental and social adaptation.Non-adherent patients more often have types of attitude to disease, such as apathetic, melancholic, mixed ergopathic and hypochondriac-sensitive types, which were characterized by indifference to their illness, depressed mood, fear of becoming a burden to relatives, a fear of side effects of medication, which in general may contribute to patients' non-adherence to treatment.Adherent patients more often have types of attitude to disease, such as harmonic, ergopathic, anosognostic  and mixed ergopathic-anosognostic types, which indicated the patient's desire to save working capacity and unwillingness to assume the role of "patient". The motivation for active continuation of treatment in such patients may be the desire to return to a full-fledged lifestyle, to maintain their ability to work, which in general can contribute to the patient's adherence to treatment.
Psychotherapeutic support for persons with vascular dementia suffering from non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms of non-psychotic level
Authors: Zlobin O. O.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. In addition to cognitive deficit, the presence of a dementing process of vascular origin leads to changes in the patient’s personality, as well as in his character. Persons with vascular dementia always have non-cognitive disease manifestations of non-psychotic level. Non-psychotic psychopathological symptoms can lead to a significant deterioration of the well-being and quality of life of patients with vascular dementia, and therefore should be taken into account when drawing up a plan for treatment and rehabilitation of such patients. Psychotherapy interventions play the most important role in management of patients with vascular dementia. The aim of the study: to develop a targeted model of psychotherapeutic support based on the selective correction of non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms of non-psychotic level in patients with vascular dementia. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 80 patients with vascular dementia with different localization of the lesion. The average age of the patients was 68.6 years. All persons included in the contingent of the study demonstrated non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms of non-psychotic level. Results. Recommendations for psychocorrection of maladaptive non-cognitive pathopsychological symptomatology of non-psychotic level in persons with vascular dementia have been developed. For each of these symptoms, congruent vectors, mechanisms, and methods of psychotherapeutic correction were identified and described. The basic vector for minimizing and eliminating depression in patients with vascular dementia aimed at shifting the mode of emotional experiences from the negative spectrum to the positive or at least neutral. The basic vector for minimizing and eliminating anxiety in patients with vascular dementia aimed at shifting attention from stressful factors to sanogenic, emotionally neutral stimuli. The basic vector for minimizing and eliminating apathy in patients with vascular dementia aimed at activation of mental processes and restoration of a minimum acceptable level of emotional response. The basic vector for minimizing and eliminating irritability in patients with vascular dementia aimed at increasing the threshold of negative emotional response to environmental stimuli. The basic vector for minimizing and eliminating emotion incontinence in patients with vascular dementia aimed at restoring the ability to control external manifestations of internal feelings.
Development and management of outdoor recreation: The case of Quebec
Authors: Roult Romain , Auger Denis , Garneau Jocelyn , Zheng Dong Qi , Arseneault Paul
Published: March 2020

Outdoor recreation is at the heart of several policies and measures with their goal being to reinforce the level of individuals’ physical activity as well as the development of communities. This is even truer in Quebec where the provincial government recently published (2017) an important note regarding the importance of outdoor recreation in the development of Quebec society. In this perspective, this study, using a quantitative approach through a survey, aims to analyze how outdoor recreation is managed and supported by the Regional County Municipalities (RCM), key actors in the territorial and social development in Quebec, and, to identify the terms and conditions for the practice of these outdoor activities in the RCMs. This study shows that there is no gap between supply and demand. However, the results reveal the importance of supporting and subsidizing promoters and outdoor organizations in Quebec while breaking into segments the pool of practitioners in order to put in place targeted communication and promotion strategies while also promoting the use of new technological information.
SPEAKers at the National Society of Hospital Medicine Meeting: A Follow‐UP Study of Gender Equity for Conference Speakers from 2015 to 2019. The SPEAK UP Study
Authors: Northcutt Noelle , Papp Stephan , Keniston Angela , Kara Areeba , Kisuule Flora , Mandel Chiara , Mathews Benji , del Pino‐Jones Amira , Smith Dustin , Vuernick Kevin , Burden Marisha , Diversity on behalf of the Society of Hospital Medicine
Published: March 2020

Women continue to be underrepresented as speakers at national conferences, and research has shown similar trends in hospital medicine. The Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) Annual Meeting has historically had an open call peer review process for workshop speakers and, in 2019, expanded the process for didactic speakers. We aimed to assess the overall conference trends for women speakers and whether the systematic processes in recruitment procedures (ie, open call) resulted in improved representation of women speakers. We also sought to understand how the proportion of women speakers might affect overall scores of the conference. From 2015 to 2019, the overall representation of women speakers increased, as did evaluation scores during the same time period. When selection processes included the open call peer review process, there were higher proportions of women speakers. An open call process with peer review for speakers may be a systematic process that national meetings could replicate to reduce gender inequities.
A HIPERESCRITA DE SI: memória, experiência e invenção digital na formação de professores
Authors: Maddalena Tania Lucia
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre o conceito de hiperescrita de si, noção derivada da Tese de Doutorado da autora, que teve como objeto de estudo o relato digital, as narrativas em rede e as histórias de vida e formação na linguagem da hipermídia. A experiência da escrita digital, fazendo uso de múltiplas linguagens causadas pela convergência das mídias na Internet, foi articulada em diversas propostas didáticas da disciplina Tecnologias e Educação, entre os anos 2015 e 2018, do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Essas experiências deixaram indícios de como operam a memória, a experiência e a invenção digital na hora de narrar sobre si. Todo o processo de escrita de si sofre fortes impactos e se potencializa quando a escrita é em rede e a experiência de formação compartilha-se no ciberespaço. Partimos do diálogo teórico-metodológico e epistemológico com as pesquisas autobiográficas em educação, as pesquisas com os cotidianos escolares e as metodologias que defendem o valor da prática sem separar pesquisa do contexto da docência, especificamente, a pesquisa-formação na cibercultura.
The importance of managing conflict in the workplace 1: causes
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: March 2020

Wherever people look after people, and wherever people are in pain, distress or fearful, there is the potential for conflict. Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott discuss its detrimental impact on everyone involved and why preventing and managing conflict is important for the wellbeing of all involved.
Ophthalmology for RVNs
Authors: Knott Tim
Published: March 2020

The nurse has a vital role to play in the identification of occult ocular disease, client education about the importance of preventive ocular treatment and the prevention of severe iatrogenic corneal disease in the hospital setting. Four key skills where discussed: assessing ocular pain, assessing the tear film, measuring intraocular pressure and the use of distant direct ophthalmoscopy using ophthalmoscopes and smart phones.
Multiple Intelligences-based Creative Curriculum: The Best Practice
Authors: Setiawan Risky , Mardapi Djemari , Aman Aman , Karyanto Umum Budi
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is: 1) to develop the model and produce the assessment of creative curriculum-based learning program multiple intelligences (MI), 2) to know the characteristics and impacts of developed product models. Research using multi-years by method R & D (Research and Development) with two phases; First phase: 1) Preliminary survey stage, 2) definition stage, 3) design phase, 4) trial stage, and 5) development stage; The second phase: 1) the instrument design stage through the Forum Group Discussion, 2) the product trial phase of 100 children in Sleman Regency, 3) wide-scale implementation of 200 children in Yogyakarta Province, 4) the evaluation phase with construct analysis and achievement of research subjects' performance, 5 ) the stage of measuring the effectiveness of the product with user perception. The subject comprises 200 children of early childhood and 20 kindergarten teachers in 10 kindergartens in the Yogyakarta province in Indonesia, by the approach of Reflective Measurement Theory (RMT). The results showed that: 1) the MI-based creative curriculum assessment model was developed to meet valid, reliable and conformity criteria of an empirical data model, 2) The implementation of the assessment model had fulfilled the requirements worthy of using three criteria  aspect; 1) The results of the assessment using creative instruments based on multiple intelligences on children get "very good" results, 2) the readiness of the teacher in learning is included in the "good" category; 3) teacher performance appraisal shows the "very good" category, and 4) the benefits of the products developed are in the "very good" category. It was concluded that the developed product had tested empirically and practically so that it was useful in learning in early childhood.
Essential lordosis revisited
Authors: Hershkovich Oded , D’Souza Areena , Rushton Paul R. P. , Onosi Ifesemen S. , Yoon Wai Weng , Grevitt Michael P.
Published: March 2020

Aims

Significant correction of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the coronal plane through a posterior approach is associated with hypokyphosis. Factors such as the magnitude of the preoperative coronal curve, the use of hooks, number of levels fused, preoperative kyphosis, screw density, and rod type have all been implicated. Maintaining the normal thoracic kyphosis is important as hypokyphosis is associated with proximal junctional failure (PJF) and early onset degeneration of the spine. The aim of this study was to determine if coronal correction per se was the most relevant factor in generating hypokyphosis.

Methods

A total of 95 patients (87% female) with a median age of 14 years were included in our study. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were measured and the operative data including upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), lower instrumented vertebra (LIV), metal density, and thoracic flexibility noted. Further analysis of the post-surgical coronal outcome (group 1 < 60% correction and group 2 ≥ 60%) were studied for their association with the postoperative kyphosis in the sagittal plane using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Of the 95 patients, 71.6% (68) had a thoracic correction of > 60%. Most (97.8%) had metal density < 80%, while thoracic flexibility > 50% was found in 30.5% (29). Preoperative hypokyphosis (< 20°) was present in 25.3%. A postoperative thoracic hypokyphosis was four times more likely to occur in patients with thoracic correction ≥ 60% (odds ratio (OR) 4.08; p = 0.005), after adjusting for confounding variables. This association was not affected by metal density, thoracic flexibility, LIV, UIV, age, or sex.

Conclusion

Our study supports the ‘essential lordosis’ hypothesis of Roaf and Dickson, i.e. with a greater ability to translate the apical vertebra towards the midline, there is a commensurate lengthening of the anterior column due to the vertebral wedging. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):513–518.
Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting microRNAs in Cancer
Authors: Taylor Molly , Sciemann William
Published: March 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can function as either powerful tumor promoters or suppressors in numerous types of cancer. The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. Recently, accumulating preclinical studies have illustrated the feasibility of slowing tumor progression by either overexpressing tumor suppressive miRNAs, or by neutralizing the activities of oncogenic miRNAs in cell- and animal-based models of cancer. Here we highlight prominent miRNAs that may represent potential therapeutic targets in human malignancies, as well as review current technologies available for inactivating or restoring miRNA activity in clinical settings.
Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Thelymitra javanica (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae) in East and Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya I Made Saka , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Purnomo
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Wijaya IMS, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2020. Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Thelymitra javanica Blume (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae) in East and Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1174-1181. Thelymitra J.R. Forst & G. Forst is a terrestrial orchid genera and mainly distributed in Australia as a center of its diversification. Moreover, Thelymitra javanica Blume is the only species of Thelymitra found in Asia, especially in Indonesia. In Australia and New Zealand, most of Thelymitra species easily found in lowland, whereas, T. javanica in Indonesia preferred to grows near the peaks of mountains around 2,000-3,000 m asl. The high altitude correlated with high light intensity and lower soil nutrients which require specific adaptation of plant to survive. The wide range of adaptation could be due to the presence of genetic variability among populations of Thelymitra. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of T. javanica in East and Central Java. The genetic variability of Thelymitra was evaluated by molecular approaches, which is preferably utilized to determine the plant taxonomy to establish the taxonomic uncertainties. ITS-nrDNA is a popular DNA marker that widely used in phylogenetic study among various taxa. Sequences were analyses using Maximum Likelihood method with 11 in-group, 6 interspecies out-group of Thelymitra, and 2 intergeneric out-group of Thelymitrinae subtribe. The result showed that ITS-nrDNA sequences of T. javanica have no variation in nucleotide compositions and showing polytomy branch in cladogram. Thelymitra javanica also has a close relationship with Thelymitra longifolia J.R. Forst & G. Forst that are endemic to New Zealand.
Micro star tracker with a curved vane for a short baffle length and sharp stray light attenuation
Authors: Lee Sukhan , Saleem Rashid , Lee Sang-Seok
Published: March 2020

We present a micro star tracker with curved vanes that offers a short length of the baffle and a sharp cutoff of stray light. The curved vanes are derived mathematically by ray-tracing in such a way that all the stray light from outside of the desired field of view (FOV) is reflected out. The proposed curved vane design allows a smaller number of vanes to completely cut off stray light, leading to a shorter length in baffle design. Furthermore, the capability of a sharp cutoff of stray light eases the sensitivity requirement of image sensors. For the experiment, we fabricated three micro star tracker baffles with curved vanes for 22° FOV, which are required to handle a maximum star magnitude of 5.35 for 100% sky coverage. The sizes of the baffles fabricated are

16

m
m

Φ
×

16.5

m
m

L with double curved vanes,

24

m
m

Φ
×

12.1

m
m

L with a single curved vane, and

27

m
m

Φ
×

14.4

m
m

L with double curved vanes. In comparison, the straight vane baffle designed for 22° FOV requires seven vanes with 18 mm length but results only in mild stray light attenuation with the cutoff at 32°. The proposed star tracker utilizes a 5-megapixel image sensor,

16

m
m

×

16

m
m

×

39

m
m

in size and weighing 9.2 g with an accuracy of 1.288 arcsecond, a 20.6% improvement over when no baffle is used.
Flexible one-shot geometric calibration for off-axis deflectometry
Authors: Niu Zhenqi , Zhang Xiangchao , Ye Junqiang , Zhu Yifan , Xu Min , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: March 2020

Off-axis deflectometry is widely applied in the measurement of specular surfaces. However, the measuring accuracy depends on the reliability of geometrical calibration. Existing methods are inconvenient to be utilized due to their disadvantages of low efficiency and operational complexity. A simple geometrical calibration method is proposed by applying a flat mirror with markers, and only one image needs to be captured. A compensation process is introduced to correct the form error of the mirror. Experimental results show that the re-projection errors decrease from 0.319 pixels down to 0.12 pixels; thus the measuring efficiency and accuracy of optical surfaces can be greatly improved.
Splitting a terahertz surface plasmon polariton beam using Kapton film
Authors: Gerasimov Vasily V. , Nikitin Alexey K. , Lemzyakov Alexey G. , Azarov Ivan A. , Milekhin Ilya A. , Knyazev Boris A. , Bezus Evgeni A. , Kadomina Elena A. , Doskolovich Leonid L.
Published: March 2020

It has been experimentally shown that a rigid polyimide Kapton film of
submillimeter thickness is sufficiently transparent in the frequency
range of 1.2–3 THz and can be used for splitting surface plasmon
polaritons (SPPs) propagating along a flat conducting surface. The
transmittance

T

and reflectance

R

measured for SPPs excited by a
free-electron laser radiation (

λ
=
130

µ

m

) in “gold–ZnS layer–air” flat
structures are in good agreement with the results of numerical
simulations obtained using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis
technique. Transmittance of the SPPs decreases slightly when the layer
gets thicker. To minimize the SPP radiative losses emerging due to
diffraction of the SPPs on the impedance discontinuity, the Kapton
film should be placed normal to the guiding surface and brought in
good contact with it (the gap must be less than

λ

/

2

). The performed experiments clearly
demonstrated Kapton films to be very promising for SPP beam splitting
in large-scale terahertz SPP devices.
Impact of shaping optical fiber preforms based on grinding and a CO2 laser on the inner-cladding losses of shaped double-clad fibers
Authors: Jasim Ali. A. , Podrazký Ondrej , Peterka Pavel , Kamrádek Michal , Kašík Ivan , Honzátko Pavel
Published: March 2020

We experimentally compared for the first time, two techniques of optical fiber preform shaping based on the mechanical grinding and thermal CO2 laser processing from the point of the inner-cladding losses. The shaped preforms were fabricated of coreless pure silica technical rods as well as high purity silica Heraeus F300 rods and drawn them into coreless multimode fibers with various inner-cladding geometries coated with a low index fluorinated polymers. The background losses of the fibers were measured via the cut-back method and compared to the losses of the unshaped fibers with a circular cross-section. Results show that both preform-shaping techniques would induce additional losses in the inner-cladding. High surface scattering losses were observed in the mechanically-grinded fibers. On the other hand, the mechanical grinding retains the advantage of a significant reduction of attenuation peaks attributed to OH-groups that penetrated into the preform surface during the preform collapse. On the contrary, CO2 laser thermal-shaping provides the advantage of quick, fully automated shaping with smooth surface finish and induces much lower scattering losses, but it is not so effective in removing water penetrated surface layer of the preform so that OH-groups diffuse deeper towards the preform center. Additionally, laser thermal-shaping allows processing the preform to complex shapes which are more effective in scrambling cladding modes. Some of the absorption peaks of OH-groups and fluorinated polymers may be rather close to common pumping wavelengths and this should be considered in the design of the double-clad fibers and selection of proper shaping technology.
Magneto-optical properties of highly Dy3+ doped multicomponent glasses
Authors: Mollaee Masoud , Zhu Xiushan , Jenkins Shelbi , Zong Jie , Temyanko Elena , Norwood Robert , Chavez-Pirson Arturo , Li Michael , Zelmon David , Peyghambarian N.
Published: March 2020

Due to their large effective magnetic moment, Dy3+-doped materials have attracted much interest for magneto-optical applications. In this paper, we report highly Dy3+ doped multicomponent glasses with concentrations from 40 wt.% to 75 wt.% and their magneto-optical properties. A Verdet constant of −7.4 rad/T/m at 1950 nm was measured with the 75 wt.% Dy3+-doped glass. This is the highest reported Verdet constant around 2 µm for a paramagnetic glass. Our experimental results show that highly Dy3+-doped glasses are promising isotropic magneto-optical materials for applications in the 2 µm wavelength region.
Optothermal vortex-solitons in liquid crystals
Authors: Kwaśny Michał , Karpierz Mirosław A. , Assanto Gaetano , Laudyn Urszula A.
Published: March 2020

We report on vortex-solitons generated in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals by a purely optothermal nonlocal nonlinearity. This response not only supports stable doughnut-shaped ordinary-wave beams with orbital angular momentum, but also provides self-confined solitary waves with excellent trajectory and profile stability over time. Using an interferometric technique, we also investigate the role of nonlocal nonlinearity in the non-illuminated axial region.
Comparison of damage and ablation dynamics of multilayer dielectric films initiated by few-cycle pulses versus longer femtosecond pulses
Authors: Talisa Noah , Alshafey Abdallah , Tripepi Michael , Krebs Jacob , Davenport Aaron , Randel Emmett , Menoni Carmen S. , Chowdhury Enam A.
Published: March 2020

The importance of high intensity few- to single-cycle laser pulses for applications such as intense isolated attosecond pulse generation is constantly growing, and with the breakdown of the monochromatic approximation in field ionization models, the few-cycle pulse (FCP) interaction with solids near the damage threshold has ushered a new paradigm of nonperturbative light–matter interaction. In this Letter, we systematically study and contrast how femtosecond laser-induced damage and ablation behaviors of

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-based reflective multilayer dielectric thin film systems vary between FCP and 110 fs pulses. With time-resolved surface microscopy and ex situ analysis, we show that there are distinct differences in the interaction depending on the pulse duration, specifically in the “blister” morphology formation at lower fluences (damage) as well as in the dynamics of debris formation at higher fluences (ablation).
Continuous wavelength tuning of nondegenerate femtosecond doubly resonant optical parametric oscillators
Authors: Ning Chengxiao , Liu Pei , Qin Yingxiong , Zhang Zhaowei
Published: March 2020

We report an approach for continuous tuning of the central wavelengths of a femtosecond nondegenerate doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DRO). Key in this scheme is the insertion of a wavelength-selective element into the DRO cavity-length-locking system, which allows selected narrow-band emission from a DRO to be detected and enables the DRO cavity length to be locked away from the peak of its cavity resonances. In a preliminary experiment, we demonstrated a femtosecond nondegenerate DRO with its central-wavelength continuously-tunable over each of its cavity resonances and achieved a wavelength-tuning range of 1910–2070 nm for the signal wave and 2140–2340 nm for the idler wave. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of the continuous-wavelength-tuning capability of DRO systems.
Nanophotonic Biosensors: Driving Personalized Medicine
Authors: Soler Maria , Calvo-Lozano Olalla , Estevez M.-Carmen , Lechuga Laura M.
Published: March 2020

Point-of-care photonic biosensors could promote more integrated,
informative, timely and precise diagnoses of human diseases—and
better-targeted health care.
Bandwidth scaling of silicon modulator-based combs using multi-carriers and frequency offset locking
Authors: Nagarjun K. P. , Prakash Roopa , Vikram B. S. , Arora Shilpi , Jeyaselvan Vadivukkarasi , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar , Supradeepa V. R.
Published: March 2020

Optical frequency combs can be generated on-chip in silicon modulators through large signal modulation of an optical carrier. In this paper, a technique for bandwidth scale frequency combs generated from linear silicon modulators is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This is accomplished by locking two frequency combs using a heterodyne optical frequency locked loop. We demonstrate here a proof of concept experiment of bandwidth-scaling of optical frequency combs generated in a silicon PN-modulator by frequency locking two 10 GHz repetition rate combs (6 lines each, 20-dB bandwidth), individually generated from two lasers offset by 50 GHz to each other using their respective overlapping comb lines. The resultant beat signal is stabilized at a heterodyne offset of 75 MHz to within a 3 dB linewidth of 4.305 MHz to achieve a bandwidth-scaled composite comb with 11 lines.
Fiber optic Fabry–Pérot acoustic sensor using PVC and GO diaphragms
Authors: Moradi Hamed , Parvin Parviz , Shahi Fatemeh , Ojaghloo Ali
Published: March 2020

Here, a low cost high sensitive fiber optic Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) acoustic sensor is developed. A novel polyvinyl chloride (PVC) diaphragm-based fiber-tip FPI is implemented for the sake of acoustic sensing with high sensitivity. The PVC diaphragm has been coated to the pigtail of a standard single-mode fiber (SMF). Subsequently, the multilayer graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on the PVC cavity. The configuration of (SMF + PVC + GO) attests a sensitivity higher than (SMF + PVC). In fact, GO acts as the acoustic membrane and PVC features as the cavity to demonstrate a sensitive FPI acoustic sensor. The results also give out the acoustic sensitivity of the (SMF + PVC + GO) sensor equivalent to 685 mV/Pa (19.9 rad/Pa) at 1 kHz and a 100 mPa pressure with a frequency response ranging 0.1–10 kHz.
Rehabilitación vestibular en la dependencia visual y somatosensorial.
Authors: Bauer Michael , Benito-Orejas José Ignacio , Ramírez-Salas Jesús Eduardo
Published: March 2020

Introducción: En la disfunción vestibular crónica es frecuente que se incremente el mareo o el desequilibrio con el propio movimiento o con el de un ambiente visual sobrecargado, lo que se denomina dependencia visual, que forma parte del síndrome de vértigo/mareo inducido visualmente. En otras ocasiones, la dependencia es somatosensorial y el paciente pierde con facilidad el equilibrio al alterarse la superficie de soporte.El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las características de la dependencia visual y somatosensorial y el modo de tratarlas.Método: Revisión narrativa.Resultados: El vértigo visual se diagnostica clínicamente a través de los síntomas referidos por el paciente. Mediante la exposición a estímulos desencadenantes, el sistema nervioso central se habitúa, incrementando la tolerancia. El tratamiento utilizado se basa en la terapia física, la realidad virtual y la estimulación optocinética progresiva.Conclusión/Discusión: Aunque sigue siendo tema de discusión la naturaleza de las entradas visuales que determinan la estabilidad postural, el objetivo terapéutico consiste en desensibilizar al individuo del estímulo visual para mejorar su sintomatología.
Compensación vestibular
Authors: Martín-Bailón María , Yáñez-González Raquel , Sánchez-Gómez Hortensia , Sánchez-Blanco Carmen , González-Sánchez Myriam , Martín-Sánchez Víctor , Coscarón-Blanco Enrique
Published: March 2020

Introducción y objetivo: La compensación vestibular es el conjunto de procesos que se ponen en marcha cuando tiene lugar una lesión a nivel vestibular sea cual sea el origen y la magnitud de la misma. a vez establecida la lesión los mecanismos de compensación del daño son variados y se establecen diferentes líneas de actuación. Para conocer cómo mejorar el estado de nuestros pacientes es importante saber cómo funciona la compensación vestibular y a qué niveles podemos actuar para acelerar el proceso de recuperación. Conclusiones: Es importante conocer los mecanismos de compensación vestibular para adecuar la terapia a cada paciente y así mejorar su calidad de vida.
Association between clinical manifestations of sickle cell anaemia in children and the occurrence of dental caries: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Carvalho Anderson Santos , Duarte Danilo Antônio da Silva , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia (including hospitalization and pain crisis) and dental caries in children in Bahia. Material and Methods: The study design was crosssectional, and the population included children aged from 6 to 96 months from August 2007 to July 2008 (N = 686). Interviews were performed to identify the sociodemographic profiles of the participants, and oral examinations were conducted by three examiners who were previously trained and calibrated to identify the presence of dental caries according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed for confirmatory analysis and estimation of confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The results showed that pain crises and hospitalizations were positively associated with caries (crude odds ratio (OR) = 2.11 and adjusted OR = 1.24; crude OR = 2.50 and adjusted OR = 1.46, respectively), but these associations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The severity of the sickle cell condition alone was not sufficient to aggravate the prevalence of caries; thus, there are no major differences in caries prevalence between children with and without sickle cell disease.KEYWORDSSickle cell anemia; Dental caries; Epidemiology; Paediatrics.
A TRANSIÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL: O CASO DOS ÓBITOS POR ALGUMAS DOENÇAS INFECCIOSAS E PARASITÁRIAS E NEOPLASIAS NOS ANOS DE 2007 A 2017
Authors: Lordano Geovandir André , Santos Daiane Santana , Teixeira dos Santos Eva
Published: March 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar no contexto do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil, a ocorrência dos óbitos por doenças pertencentes aos grupos: CID-10: A00 – B99 - Algumas doenças infecciosas e parasitárias; e C00-D48 - Neoplasias, nos anos de 2007 a 2017. A metodologia é a de pesquisa descritiva, utilizando-se da técnica de pesquisa documental e eletrônica sobre o tema e sobre o objeto analisado. Os dados secundários são fornecidos pela plataforma TabNet, da Secretária de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso do Sul. Após análise dos dados, tem-se que o caso de óbitos por doenças do grupo CID-10: A00 – B99 - Algumas doenças infecciosas e parasitárias - teve um declínio de 9,59% no coeficiente de mortalidade e redução de 9,90% em seu peso entre o número total de óbitos no estado. Já o grupo CID-10 C00-D48 – Neoplasias – apresenta um aumento de 23,67% no coeficiente de mortalidade e 23,13% em seu peso entre o total de óbitos em Mato Grosso do Sul. Logo, pode-se concluir que o estado sul-mato-grossense se encontra em um processo de transição epidemiológica, com considerável variação em seu perfil de mortalidade, pressionada pela significativa alta da ocorrência das neoplasias no período, evidenciando a necessidade de políticas em saúde destinadas ao novo perfil de mortalidade.