bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en pro de ODS
Authors: Lara Andino Aquilino Ramiro , León Vinueza Ana Gabriela , Flores Quistial Johana Tatiana , Untuña Soria Víctor Paul
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Las ciencias naturales en los últimos años deben afrontar diversas situaciones en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad. Actualmente, el ser humano visualiza el mundo con diferentes ópticas. Es una herramienta indispensable para el progreso de la vida en el planeta, en función de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible a través de diversas estrategias didácticas que promuevan el aprendizaje significativo.

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la importancia de las estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en pro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Método: paradigma cualitativo descriptivo-explicativo y diseño de campo. Las técnicas de recolección de información fueron la entrevista abierta no estructurada y grupo focal, en ambos casos se utilizó como instrumento un guión de preguntas. Los informantes claves fueron 5 profesores especialistas en Ciencias Naturales y 35 estudiantes de secundaria de una escuela ecuatoriana.

Resultados: los resultados permitieron evidenciar que docentes y estudiantes consideraron oportuno la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales a través del uso de diversas estrategias didácticas tomando en cuenta tanto la praxis pedagógica como los Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible

Conclusiones: se concluyó que hay un enfoque creciente en la incorporación de Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible en las estrategias didácticas de las ciencias naturales.
Representation of Affecting Factors for Kernel Quality at Inti Indosawit Subur Company by Fishbone Diagram
Authors: Novrianti  , Alfiany Noverina , Pratama Rindo
Published: October 2023

Kernel is a second main products in palm management company. The processing of kernel production from palm tree needs to be controlled due to the high-quality kernel obtained. By using fishbone diagram, the cause and effect of kernel quality (dirt, shell, and moisturize) at Inti Indosawit palm management company will be analyzed. The result shows that there are several factors such as machine, human, environment factors, raw materials, and incorrect method which occured in this company processes. The subfactors also presented at branches bone in fishbone diagram.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT ON THE BASIS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
Authors: Kakhkhorov Otabek , Mukhtarov Shavkat
Published: October 2023

This article examines the theoretical aspects of the strategic management of the higher education system, including an analysis of the main concepts and methods used in this area. The authors describe in detail various approaches to the management of higher education, such as strategic planning, performance evaluation and change management. In addition, the article provides an overview of current trends and challenges facing the higher education system, as well as a discussion of the need to adapt strategic management to changing conditions. The results of the study can be useful both for higher education managers and for researchers who are interested in the problems of strategic management in higher education. The purpose of the article is to present a theoretical basis for the practical application of strategic management in the higher education system and ensure the effective development of educational institutions.
HIGH EDUCATION SERVICES AND THE WAYS OF THEIR QUALITY ASSURANCE
Authors: Aslanova Dilbar , Farangis Ishankulova
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the opinions of scientists and researchers on the concepts of educational services, the importance of higher education services in the development of the country, "educational services", "quality of higher education services" and their opinions about them. Additionally, the factors affecting the provision of quality education, the components of the quality of education, were studied. As a result of the research, it was found that educational services, including higher education services, are not only an economic, but also a social category. The European experience of quality assurance in higher education was also studied. As an example  the experience of Finland was given. In the last ten years, the reforms carried out in our country to regulate the quality of educational services, the activities of organizations that control the quality of education in our country and overseas, and their differences from each other are given  and recommendations are made for its improvement in our country.
NAIRU IN UZBEKISTAN: A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT (2016-2022)
Authors: Nabiyeva Nargiza
Published: October 2023

Economic analysts frequently encourage the Fed to utilize unemployment rates or wages growth rates as leading measures of inflation and as indicators of whether to loosen or tighten monetary policy. The theory behind this strategy is based on current Keynesian macroeconomics, notably the Phillips curve and the nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). The main purpose of this study to analyze the trade-off between inflation and unemployment of Uzbekistan and calculate NAIRU through Phillips curve approach during 6 years quarterly data from 2016-2021. In this study Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP) filter is used to calculate NAIRU and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model to determine the relationship between inflation and unemployment rate. VIF test is used to check collinearity or multicollinearity of determinants and result showed that there is not any collinearity between variables. OLS model indicated that there are positive and significant trade-off between inflation and unemployment, while GDP and inflation showed negative and insignificant relationship.
CREATION OF TRADE MARKETING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF SILK ENTERPRISES
Authors: Jumaev Olimjon
Published: October 2023

In this article, research was conducted on the directions of forming the architecture of the trade marketing system of enterprises aimed at creating value for customers. " Y " matrix evaluation method was used to study the problems in the trade marketing system. The results of the expert assessment of the flexibility of the trade and marketing system of silk enterprises allowed to determine the main directions in the formation of the architecture. Also, relationship marketing strategies have been suggested in trade marketing channels in silk industry.
PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF EFFECTIVE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM
Authors: Hamdamov Amriddin
Published: October 2023

In this scientific article, suggestions and recommendations for the introduction of digital technologies in the development of the tourism sector of our republic, the improvement of service quality, the improvement of tourism infrastructure and the identification of development paths, the development of quality services for tourists based on the analysis of the work being carried out in determining the strategic directions of development, and useful information provided.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Authors: Akhmedov Ikrоm
Published: October 2023

This article explores the importance of foreign economic activity in the country's economy. It is substantiated that strong competition in international trade requires companies to make decisions based on international marketing and form a modern management system that ensures high financial results. Proposals have been developed that the principles and studies of international marketing are based on methods that require serious knowledge and skills.
The Beginnings of the Grants-In-Aid System to Fund School Education in United Provinces in Modern India
Authors: Preyadarshi Purnima , Silas Suneet
Published: October 2023

The second half of the nineteenth century saw the advent of a change in the hitherto followed traditional system of education in India. The East India Company, tasked with the administration of a vast territory, gradually went from a policy of non-intervention and detachment, towards active reform in the structure of education in India, based on the English model. This paper attempts to capture the early stirrings of modern educational development in India. It seeks to streamline years of structured proposals and policies, ranging from the Charter Act of 1813, to Wood’s Dispatch of 1854, coupled with individual efforts of many officials, that ultimately brought about a grants-in-aid system, to establish modern learning on secular grounds. The system, which sought to achieve the uniform development of educational institutions on non-religious grounds, through grants-in-aid provided by the Government, seemed just and participative, but also suffered from limitations on diverse and vernacular interests.

 Even though the education system in India saw further development to reach its present form, this paper highlights the crucial and imperative understanding we must possess, of the ideals and the means that went into introducing modern education in the country.
Study the Causes of Work Related Stress Risk in Construction Sector in Afghanistan
Authors: Zadran Badam Gul , Elham Fareed Ahmad , Hamid Abdul Rahim Abdul
Published: October 2023

This study was carried out to study the causes of stress risk in the construction sector of Afghanistan. It has become a growing concern in many sectors, not to mention the construction sector. It is important to ensure that workers can perform at their best, considering the construction industry's highly competitive demands and competition. Stress risk has been identified as an important factor influencing an organization's success, as it negatively affects the organization's productivity, professionals' health and safety, efficiency, and costs. The issue of work-related stress risk in the construction sector of Afghanistan is not commonly discussed. The objectives of this study are to find the causes of work-related stress risk. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey in Afghanistan through email from construction industry professionals such as project managers, site supervisors, project engineers, quantity surveyors, and architects. The data was analyzed using frequency analysis, the average index. For the causes of work-related stress risk, the main issues were the lack of management and control over work and increasing the employee’s expectations using the standard of safety. Based on the analysis of likelihood and severity, Ninth factors were in the very high and two were neutral the high stress risk at construction site were lack management and it supports, increase in duties, lack tool and safety.
Sobre o Contemporâneo: Multimeios de Possibilidades
Authors: Gontijo Rodrigo , D. Colacios Roger
Published: October 2023

A publicação é um desdobramento do XI MULTICOM, evento do curso de Comunicação e Multimeios da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, realizado em agosto de 2023, com o tema “Sobre o Contemporâneo”. O evento abordou a contemporaneidade em diversas áreas, como cinema, artes e música. Destacaram-se as palestras de Raimo Benedetti, que falou sobre o início do cinema, e Lucas Bambozzi, que discutiu crimes ambientais em Minas Gerais. Também houve contribuições de Tulipa Ruiz e Gustavo Ruiz sobre a convergência de linguagens na arte. A publicação busca aprofundar as reflexões do evento, abordando a definição e a percepção do contemporâneo, que vai além do tempo cronológico. A obra é dividida em três partes: "Vértebras Quebradas", "Origens no Presente" e "Questão de Coragem", e inclui artigos, ensaios e ilustrações que discutem o contemporâneo em diversos contextos, desde a arte até a educação. A compreensão do contemporâneo é apresentada como um desafio, mas essencial para entender o presente e construir o futuro.
The agricultural regions and rural population of Ireland
Authors: Freeman T. W.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Low‐level surfaces of erosion in the Wicklow Mountains
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The site of Dublin
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The Kilmacanoge Valley, Co. Wicklow
Authors: Synge F. M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Reviews of Books
Authors: H. J. P. , F. A. , F. T. W. , H. D. V.
Published: October 2023

IRISH FORESTRY, Vol. IV, No. 2. April, 1948. Published by the Society of Irish Foresters. Price 3 /‐.IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. VI, No. 21 (March, 1948).THE LAND UTILISATION SURVEY IN NORTHERN IRELAND. A review of “ The Land of Ulster …” the Report of the Land Utilisation Survey. 1. The Belfast Region, by D. A. Hill. Belfast, H.M.S.O., 1948. 7s. 6d.ROMANTIC INISHOWEN. By H. P. Swan. Hodges Figgis & Co., Ltd., Dublin, 1947. 160 pp. 10s. 6d.
Irish local newspapers: A geographical study
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The town and district of Roscommon
Authors: Freeman T. W.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Retreat stages of the last ice‐sheet in the British Isles
Authors: Synge F. M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Caves near Carrickmacross County Monaghan
Authors: Coleman J. C.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The live stock fair in relation to Irish country towns
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Reviews of Books
Authors: H. T. J. , A. J. H. , A. J. H. , H. T. J. , D. G. L. , D. G. L. , H. J. P. , M. E. , G. J. A. K. , G. J. A. K. , F. A.
Published: October 2023

Géographie Rurale de Quatre Contrées Celtiques—Irlande, Galles, Cornwall et Man, by Pierre Flatrès. 618 pp. Rennes: Librairie Universitaire J. Plihon, 1957. 2,500 fs.PRE‐FAMINE IRELAND. A study in historical geography, by T. W Freeman. Manchester University Press, 1957. Pp. i‐viii, 3–352. 8½ × 5½ in. 35s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE PORT OF LONDON, by James Bird. London: Hutchinson's University Library, 1957. Pp. 207. 7¼ × 4½ in. 10s. 6d.THE RENDERING OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES, by M. Aurousseau. London: Hutchinson's University Library, 1957. Pp. 148. 7¼ × 4½ in. 10s. 6d.THE GEOGRAPHY OF AIR TRANSPORT, by Kenneth R. Sealy. London: Hutchinson's University Library, 1957. Pp. 207. 7¼ × 4½ in. 10s. 6d.GEOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS ON BRITISH TROPICAL LANDS. Edited by R. W. Steel and C. A. Fisher. London: Geo. Philip & Son Ltd., 1956. Pp. 344. 8½ × 5½ in. 35s.DIE KULTURLANDSCHAFT—Methoden der Forschung und das Beispiel Nordostengland By Haralt Uhlig. Kölner Geographische Arbsiten, Nr. 9/10, 1956. Pp. vi + 290 + 56 illustr. + 2 maps. 9½ × 6½ in. DM 17, 50.ADVENTURE OF THE SEA, by James Fisher. London: Rathbone Books, Adprint House, 1956. Pp. 68. 12½ × 9½ in. 15s.ATLAS OF AUSTRALIAN RESOURCES: POWER AND FUEL. Department of National Development, Canberra, 1955. Map and commentary, 10s. 6d. Distributed by Angus & Robertson Ltd., London.U.S.S.R. REFERENCE BOOK. Published by Soviet News, London, 1956. Pp. 56. 9¾ × 6 in. 2s.IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES, Vol. X: no. 37, March, 1956; no. 38, Sept., 1956; no 39, March, 1957. 10s. 6d. each.
The mullet of Mayo
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Reviews of Books
Authors: G. J. A. K. , G. J. A. K. , G. J. A. K. , H. J. P. , H. J. P. , D. G. L. , D. G. L. , F. A. , M. D. E.
Published: October 2023

LES PAYSAGES AGRAIRES, by A Meynier. Paris: Collection Armand Colin, 1958. Pp. 199. 6½ × 4½ in. 360 frs.INTRODUCING THE BELGIAN CONGO, by Roger de Meyer. Brussels: Office de Publicité S.A., 16 rue Marcq, 1958. Pp. 135. 7¼ × 5½ in. 100 frs.GEOGRAPHY AND PLANNING, by T. W. Freeman. London: Hutchinson University Library, 1958. Pp. 191. 7¼ × 4½ in. 10s. 6d.THE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHERN CHILE. By G. L. Butland. Pp. 132. Publication No. 24 of the Institute of British Geographers. George Philip and Son, Ltd. London 1957. 20s.NATIONAL ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Various sheets covering soils, climate, agriculture and population. Washington D.C. 1958. Some sheets free. Others 10 cents.CONCISE OXFORD ATLAS (Second Edition). General Editor: D. P. Bickmore, Oxford University Press, 1958. Pp. 248. 10¾ × 7¾in., 30s.A SURVEY OF WHITBY AND THE SURROUNDING AREA. Edited by G. H. J. Daysh. Shakespeare Head Press, Windsor 1958. Pp. 254 with wallet of additional maps and chart. 11 ×8¾ in. £3:3: 0d.EVERYDAY METEOROLOGY, A Austin Miller and M. Parry. Hutchinson, London. 270 pp., XXII Plates and 77 figures. 30/‐.REVIEW OF FILM STRIPS. Publishers: Educational Productions Ltd., 17, Denbigh Street, London S.W.I.
The pattern of trade in ireland's smaller seaports
Authors: Andrews J. H.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Platforms developed in the boulder clay of the coastal margins of counties Wicklow and Wexford
Authors: Davies Gordon L.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The Quaternary period in Ireland - An assessment, 1960
Authors: Synge M. , Stephens N.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Land holding and settlement in the Cooley peninsula of Louth
Authors: Hughes T. Jones
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The Glaciation of the Nephin Beg Range, County Mayo
Authors: Synge F. M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Planation surfaces in the Drum Hills, County Waterford, and their wider implications
Authors: Orme A. R.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Glacial breaches and sub‐glacial channels in South‐Western Ireland
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Enclosures in the medieval period
Authors: Orway‐Ruthven A. J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
A multivariate analysis of the spacing of central places in County Tipperary
Authors: O'Farrell Patrick N.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Kinsale revisited
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
A Reconsideration of The Drainage Pattern of Counties Cork and Waterford
Authors: Davies Gordon L. , Whittow John B.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The small shop in the urban retail economy: A case study in Northern Ireland
Authors: Dawson J. A. , Watkin D. G.
Published: October 2023

The paper indicates the extent to which small shops dominated the retail economies of towns in Northern Ireland in the mid-1960s and considers the operating patterns associated with the range of shop sizes in these urban areas. Small shops, whilst comprising almost 95 %, of all shops, only accounted for 56% of retail sales in the province. The small shop dominated the specialist food and confectionery business. Considerable variation existed among the towns in terms of the significance of the small shop. A log-normal model applied to a birth and death process is employed to study the size distribution of shops in each of the urban economies. The specific forms of the log-normal models vary considerably among the towns. Productivity and employee use is analysed in relation to shop size. A sequence of changes in productivity with increases in shop size is considered.
Conference of Irish Geographers, Cork 1976
Authors: Tyrrell J. G.
Published: October 2023

No abstract available....
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK IN NORTHERN IRELAND
Authors: Edwards C. J. W.
Published: October 2023

Production and sale of livestock dominate the rural economy of Northern Ireland. Spatial variations occur, however, both in the scale of production and in the importance of individual livestock types. The paper investigates these variations by analysis of published data for administrative areas in Northern Ireland. Initial analysis of variations in total stock densities suggests an increase in the scale of production towards the east of the province. Subsequently, distributions of individual livestock types are demonstrated and reasons for spatial variations discussed. Finally, livestock combinations are calculated to assess the relative importance of individual livestock types within each administrative area. Complex combinations are found over much of the province, although certain regional patterns can be observed. Beef fattening forms the dominant enterprise over much of the province, while distinct regions dominated by dairying in the north-east, and beef breeding the south-west are observed. Sheep assume a dominant role only in the hills of the north-east, while pigs and poultry, though never the dominant types in combination, assume a more important role in central lowland districts.
The western isle of Ireland and the Eastern seaboard of America ‐ England's first frontiers
Authors: Smyth W. J.
Published: October 2023

This paper outlines the basis for a comparative analysis of the origins processes and geographical impact of British colonisation in both Ireland and North America from c. 1550 to c. 1800. While recognising the fundamental differences in scale, location, environments and native population densities between the two study areas, the available evidence suggests that in terms of general strategies of colonisation, some genuine parallels can be inferred. Likewise, in the actual processes of colonisation, similar patterns of early settlement dispersal and the exploitative competitive nature of both frontiers can be documented. The differences in the colonial geographies of the two regions were, however, more profound. Here, the fundamental contrasts between a more densely settled and more developed pre‐colonial Ireland and the sparsely settled extensive territories of the eastern seaboard of America were crucial. In Ireland, a colonial society was generally superimposed upon long‐developed settlement, land‐holding and societal structures, whereas in America a relatively small but more heterogeneous immigrant population was involved in a straightforward dialogue with a more spacious and varied frontier environment. Allowing for these and other striking differences, one can still make some broad comparisons of population size, trading patterns, levels of development and regional structures by the end of the eighteenth century.
Spatial variations in level of living in Northern Ireland
Authors: Goodyear P. M. , Eastwood D. A.
Published: October 2023

Geographers in recent years have displayed an increasing interest in the spatial distributions characterising a number of aspects of social well‐being. In this paper an attempt is made to provide a holistic perspective on the mapping of social well‐being in Northern Ireland through the adoption of a level of living approach. A method of level of living index construction developed by Knox for data in England and Wales is applied to statistics for Northern Ireland in 1971, and the pattern of internal geographical variation is analysed at two scale levels. Conclusions would suggest the need for a critical re‐assessment of the dichotomous east‐west model of well‐being.
Change in the urban hinterland - A long‐term perspective for Dublin
Authors: Horner A. A.
Published: October 2023

The second report of the Irish Railway Commissioners for 1836–38 contains information on the direction and volume of traffic movement in the hinterland of Dublin which bears comparison with data in modern surveys. A general stability in the movement routes is thereby demonstrated, and some indication is given of the outward extension of the zone under strong influence from Dublin. Recent changes in this zone are illustrated by the extension of early morning public transport routes. Issues relating to the measurement of the influence of Dublin at the present time are discussed briefly.
Aspects of rural-urban integration in western Ireland
Authors: Cawley Mary E.
Published: October 2023

Contacts between countryside and town have increased in western Ireland as a concomitant of industrialisation. Members of the farm population now travel to work each day in urban centres as do non-agriculruralists who have moved for residence to the countryside. Such daily journeys are instrumental in establishing other social and economic ties between countryside and town as study of grocery shopping patterns and leisure outings in the hinterland of Galway city — a modern growth centre — reveals. Galway city functions as a shopping centre for non-farm households in particular. Among both farm and non-farm groups, joint leisure outings of husbands and wives reflect the growing importance of the urban work centre as a social focus.
Patterns of unemployment in Belfast
Authors: Doherty Paul
Published: October 2023

Using a sample of unemployed persons, and data from the 1971 census of population, maps are drawn of male, female and juvenile unemployment in the Belfast Urban Area. Using the technique of regression on principal components, the links between these distributions and the underlying social geography of the city are demonstrated, in particular the distribution of social structure, age structure and ethnic structure. The implications of the regression models are discussed under four headings: (1) male and juvenile unemployment arc essentially similar problems; (2) female unemployment is distinct from male and juvenile unemployment; (3) social structure is an important influence on the distribution of unemployment; (4) ethnic structure is an important influence on the distribution of unemployment.
Northern Ireland's increased representation in the Westminster Parliament
Authors: Douglas J. N. H. , Osborne R. D.
Published: October 2023

Northern Ireland's representation at Westminster has recently been increased from twelve to seventeen seats. This increase has been surrounded by considerable controversy. The purpose of this paper is to set the electoral reform in its context and highlight the significant issues involved. Specifically, the paper has four aims: to outline the origins of Northern Ireland's representation at Westminster; to consider the past work of the Northern Ireland Boundary Commission; to review the debate over regional representation in the United Kingdom; and to assess the Provisional Recommendations for the new framework of constituencies proposed by the Boundary Commission.
The erosion of Peat in the uplands of Northern Ireland
Authors: Tomlinson R. W.
Published: October 2023

Whereas in Britain the erosion of peat in upland areas has been mapped and discussed widely, in Ireland there has been only brief mention of peat erosion and few attempts to map its distribution. In this paper the erosion of the peat in the uplands of Northern Ireland is mapped and classified; water erosion is of two types, anastomosing channels and parallel or sub-parallel gullies. The relationships of these two types to relief, to vegetational patterns, to the distribution of rock basins and to piping in the peat are discussed. Studies of townland boundaries cut in the peat surface have also shown that the activity of man in the recent past has contributed to the development of erosion. Finally, changes in climate towards wetter conditions are considered in relation to the other factors.
A preliminary report on late Devensian and early Flandrian deposits on the coast at Carnlough, County Antrim
Authors: Prior D. B. , Holland S. M. , Cruickshank M. M.
Published: October 2023

A sequence of deposits, which includes two peat layers, is exposed infrequently by erosion of the overlying beach sand on the foreshore at Carnlough, Co. Antrim. Examination of the stratigraphy, with outline pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, indicates they arc of Late Devensian and Early Flandrian age. Coring revealed that the peat layers arc separated from underlying glacial till by several metres of inorganic deposits. Preliminary work suggests that these include marine beach deposits, underlain by fluvio-glacial laminated silts and clays.The upper part of the sequence (including the peat layers) resembles that at Roddan's Port, Co. Down but the lower horizons contrast with the red marine clay at that site, though may be equivalent in age. Preliminary results support previous interpretations of two marine transgressions — Late Devensian and Flandrian — in north-east Ireland. This paper records the existence of the site until detailed work can be done to explain its history and significance more fully.
A protalus rampart from the Western Mourne Mountains, Northern Ireland
Authors: Colhoun Eric A.
Published: October 2023

A small protalus rampart has been identified near the head of ihe Pigeon Rock River valley in the western Mourne Mountains. A Zone III or Lough Nahanagan Stadial age for this feature is inferred from its morphological characteristics and from its relation to the adjacent topography. Its elevation is consistent with the hypothesis of an easterly rising Zone III snowline in Ireland.
Village and town in mid nineteenth century Ireland
Authors: Hughes T. Jones
Published: October 2023

No abstract!
The residential mobility process in Belfast: A consideration of public sector tenancy allocations.
Authors: Patton Jim
Published: October 2023

To explain patterns of public sector tenancy allocations in Belfast, an account is given of the Housing Selection Scheme adopted by the single housing authority in the province, the Northern Ireland Housing Executive. Implicit in the scheme is the concept of housing power, i.e. the differential ability of households to compete for the tenancies available. Using a sample of allocations in the Belfast Urban Area between 1977 and 1978, the spatial implications of the Housing Selection Scheme are examined, and an attempt is made to draw together the main findings with evidence from other residential mobility research in Belfast, notably on the role of ethnicity in the housing relocation process.
Geomorphological changes on the Barrier Coasts of South Wexford
Authors: Orford J. D. , Carter R. W. G.
Published: October 2023

Contrary to recent published accounts the coast of South Wexford does not comprise a series of westerly prograding spits, but a landward moving (transgressive) system of gravel-based barriers. Fringing, bar and spit barrier types are all represented. The periodic marine overwashing of the barrier crest creates washover facies in both coarse sediments at Carnsore and Lady's Island Lake and fine sediments at Tacumshin, where storm steepage structures also occur. The barriers are remnants of much larger transgressive features which arc now stranded against the Wexford terrestrial platform. At several points longshore brackish water lagoons exist, partially recharged by freshwater drainage systems. At Lady's Island Lake a discrete surface outlet is unnecessary as seepage through the barrier is capable of dealing with lagoonal discharge pressure. However at Ballyteige the barrier is breached by a major inlet, with a well-developed ebb-tide orientated delta, in order to effect drainage. At Tacumshin the lagoon outlet is a more ephemeral feature, seemingly subject to closure by longshore sediment drifting during low (lows. The dynamics of inlet processes, coupled to longshore wave and sediment transport potential, are the main factors causing change on the south coast of Wexford. It is suggested that the transverse gravel structures at Nemestown, including St Patrick's Bridge, may be the remnants of a now degraded barrier tombola inherited as a transgressive relic from earlier and lower shoreline positions.
Water tracing in Ireland: a review with special reference to the Cuilcagh Karst
Authors: Gunn John
Published: October 2023

As approximately half of Ireland is underlain by Carboniferous Limestone, streams which loose their water underground and which have their origins in or are supplemented by risings, are common. In many instances it may be of scientific and economic interest, and of practical value, to know the origin of a rising's water or the destination of water which is lost underground. As surface and underground watersheds rarely coincide this can only be achieved by tracing experiments using artificially marked materials. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art in Ireland, to suggest modifications to the most widely used tracing technique, and to provide suggestions for future work. Most experiments have been undertaken in the mid-west and the majority appear to have been somewhat simplistic, so that few data are available on underground velocities or subterranean drainage systems. In order to demonstrate the ease with which greater amounts of data may be obtained the results of recent research in the Cuilcagh karst of Cos. Cavan and Fermanagh are also presented. These experiments provide a pattern which might form a basis for future work in other areas.
An empirical assessment of the entropy maximising family of interaction models
Authors: Walsh J. A. , Tobin R.
Published: October 2023

The parameters, and consequently the performance level, of statistical models of spatial interaction are particularly dependent on the spatial organisation framework which is used to organise interaction data and the way in which the costs of interaction arc measured. This paper provides an empirical assessment of the influence of these factors on the performance levels of the entropy maximising family of interaction models, the members of which differ according to the extent of their data requirements. The principal results which emerge are as follows. The level of model performance generally improves as the number of constraints increases. However, the need for a constraint on the average cost of an interaction appears to be relevant at only one level of spatial organisation. The effect of increasing the number of zones in the spatial organisation framework from eight to twenty-two is only a marginal deterioration in the level of model performance. The use of straight line distances in the calibration of these models does not seriously affect their performance levels. However, a logarithmic transformation of the actual distances produces a significant decline in these levels. The paper concludes with a discussion of the general implications of these findings for intra-regional level analyses of activity patterns in Ireland
Meteosat 2 imagery and the distribution of low surface temperatures in Ireland
Authors: Tyrrell John G.
Published: October 2023

Exceptionally low temperatures occurred on 12 December 1981 in many parts of Ireland. Meteosat 2 imagery is used with synoptic data to describe and analyse the changing temperature patterns during that period. The spatial extent of low temperature areas is examined and six regional models are used to identify thirty-three thermal regional units for the whole of Ireland. The influence of various locational parameters is evaluated and it is concluded that the varied nature of the relationships between air temperature and these parameters, even within such a small area as Ireland, suggests that the recognition of distinct regional units based on the nature of the regional land-air interface, would make analyses of the thermal environment more meaningful.
An index of summers in Northern Ireland
Authors: Betts N. L.
Published: October 2023

A summer index is presented for Northern Ireland, 1881–1983 to complement those previously published for England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland as a whole. These sets of indices are compared in discussing the regional variation of summer character within the British Isles. Attempts to identify periodicities of summers of particular character are critically assessed. Markov Chain analysis is applied to the quint sequence of summers in each of the four series, to determine any interdependence between summers. On a year to year basis, results reveal a number of quint summer sequences occurring to be greater, or less, than the random expectations, but overall, no significant single-step first-order Markov memory potential exists. Nor by extending the time interval between events do the four sets of indices reveal statistically significant first-order Markov potential. Markovian analysis shows the complexity of the sequential occurrence of summer character and emphasises the dubious viability of using summer indices for predictive purposes, as has often occurred.
Places Matter
Authors: Johnston R. J.
Published: October 2023

One of the outcomes of the philosophical and methodological debates in human regional geography over recent decades has been a call for a revived, revised regional geography. The present paper outlines the case for that call, arguing that places matter because they are the contexts within which attitudes are learned and behaviour patterns moulded. The philosophical and practical implications of such an orientation are explored.Guest lecture delivered to the Conference of Irish Geographers, Carysfort, Dublin, February 1985.
Guest Editorial: Finding Home through Motion: Contemporary Migration to Ireland
Authors: Ledwith Valerie
Published: October 2023

The introduction to this special issue of Irish Geography discusses three papers that emerged from the 45th Conference of Irish Geographers held in Galway in 2013. Essentially, the papers insist upon recognising the complex human geographies of migration and mobility, drawing upon different theoretical, methodological and analytical frameworks. The papers coalesce around the concept of home which is embedded in processes of migration. Doyle and McAreavey’s paper adds to the literature on housing and immigrant settlement, highlighting the complexity of migrant integration in Northern Ireland. Their paper also highlights how something as mundane as setting up home has the potential to change socio-cultural geographies at a granular level. Cawley and Galvins’s paper focuses on continuities and change in the migration process, noting the temporal endurance of transnational connections among migrants who have returned to Ireland. Their paper acknowledges the circular flows of mobility associated with transnational migration, highlighting that return to one’s country of origin is more than just another circulation within the migratory process. Hanafin’s research extends the discussion of return to children of emigrants and their parental homelands, highlighting the complex geographies of belonging that emerge for second generation returnees. Taken together, these papers provide important insights into transnational migration processes, in which Ireland is both an origin and destination. Additionally, they suggest that the various spatial, social, and cognitive practices constituting home must be conceptualised in a way that embraces the fluidity of home for migrants.
Light pollution: spatial analysis and potential ecological effects in rural Ireland
Authors: Power Megan , Gonzalez Del Campo Ainhoa , Espey Brian
Published: October 2023

Increasing use of artificial light at night has led to many areas across the globe being exposed to light conditions above the natural background level. Research is only now uncovering the impacts of ‘ecological light pollution’ on the environment. Artificial light at night can disrupt circadian rhythms, cause interference with orientation and migration, alter predator/prey interactions and affect other behaviour and physiological features. Intercalibration of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System images shows that night light emissions in Ireland have increased significantly from 1995 to 2010. In this period, artificial light has spread into previously dark rural areas, including County Mayo where 28% of land surface is designated for habitat and species conservation purposes. To investigate light pollution in rural areas, examination into the conservation area of Owenduff/Nephin Beg Complex was undertaken. Spatial analysis of light measurements taken from Sky Quality Meters surrounding the site were overlaid with species distribution records to determine the proximity of protected species to sources of artificial light at night. Light measurements from the area show pristine night skies according to International Dark Sky Association standards, with one site indicating the presence of localised light pollution. Further work is required to determine if any potential adverse ecological impacts on protected species in the locality are occurring from artificial light at night. The findings of this study provide a foundation for ecological light pollution effects assessment in Ireland. Further work is required to establish the temporal and spatial scales of artificial light in Irish rural areas and determine the specific effects on species present there.
I Challenging Gender Discrimination in Irish Geography
Authors: Till Karen
Published: October 2023

In this collection, several authors – ranging from early career to well established academics – consider the role of women and the female voice in academia. This compilation developed from a conference session organised by the Supporting Women in Geography (SWIG) Ireland group, at the Conference of Irish Geographers in University College Cork (UCC) in 2017. In the first piece, Ahern and Mc Ardle consider why this discussion is necessary at all, ruminating on examples from both within and outside of academia. Till then brings in her experience working in Ireland, the US and beyond, and reflects on the importance of including all voices, and challenges scholars to end gender discrimination in Ireland. Manzo then reflects on how female work in academia, similar to community organising, can be considered invisible, devalued labour (Daniels, 1987). Yet she focuses on the positives of this, outlining the women-centred community organising model, the social capital that is involved, and the range of activities for empowering women to alter the efforts in Irish academia to making this change. Meletis then widens this discussion with an international example of a group similar to SWIG Ireland, Inspiring Women Among Us (IWAU) in Canada. She reflects on the difficulty of being an inclusive group. These discussions are vital to tackling gender bias in Irish academia, yet all the authors agree this needs to be an ongoing conversation, a lived practice, and we hope this work inspires further contributions to this cause.
Historic and contemporary dune inventories to assess dune vulnerability to climate change impacts
Authors: Farrell Eugene , Connolly Niamh
Published: October 2023

The overall status of dune health in Ireland is assessed as ‘inadequate’ and declining due to the on-going losses and pressures which signify the urgent need for integrated, problem- and community-focussed coastal management plans. Historically, Ireland has only being monitoring the health of our coastal dunes very intermittently. This research reviews published coastal dune inventories in Ireland (Kinahan and McHenry, 1882; Young, 1977; Curtis, 1991; Quigley, 1991; Ryle et al., 2009; Delaney et al., 2013) and uses one of the most current inventories (Coastal Monitoring Project 2004-2006 in Ryle et al., 2009) to map the current distribution of dunes in thirteen coastal counties in the Republic of Ireland and assess the vulnerability of these dune ecosystems to projected changes in storminess. The CMP Report data was downloaded into a GIS and a filter query was applied to identify the dune area extent in each county and isolate the three major dune categories (Fixed, Embryonic and Mobile) which are critical for beach-dune sediment budgets via sediment exchange processes. The polygon features for each dune category (a total of 179) were designated a shoreline orientation based on the cardinal and ordinal wind directions. Counties Donegal (36%), Mayo (24%) and Kerry (14%) contain 74% of the total dune area in Ireland (c.76sq. km). Fixed dunes comprise 93% of the total dune area of interest in this study; mobile (5%) and embryonic (2%) dunes have a much smaller areal extent. The severity of the impacts from storms depends not only on the character (size, duration, direction) of the extremes but also on the exposure and vulnerability of coastal ecosystems and communities to these extremes.
POWER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF VARYING COMPLEXITY TASKS USING EEGLAB
Authors: Lokare Varsha , A.W. Kiwelekar , L.D. Netak , Jadhav N.S.
Published: October 2023

Analysis of the effects of increasing degrees of complexity on students’ brains is the primary topic of this research. Therefore, this study aims to use Electroencephalography (EEG) to determine the task’s difficulty level. This research examined assertions of broad mathematical and logical difficulty that can be addressed with the “C programming language.” The EEGLAB software has been used to analyze brain waves’ power spectrums while solving problem statements of different degrees of complexity. Most significantly, we discovered that as problem statements get more complicated, the strength of the Alpha, Beta, and Theta bands rises. Input features for machine learning classifiers have included descriptive statistical metrics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Specifically, we have compared and analyzed the efficacy of four ML classifiers: Logistic Regression, Neural Network, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. To classify EEG data into “easy” and “hard” categories for C programming problem statements, the DT classifier has been found to perform better with a 69.23% accuracy. The results of this research can be used to generate test questions for open-book exams, and higher-order laboratory experiments.
A STUDY ON CONCRETE CONTAINING THE SANDSTONE SLURRY AND FLY ASH PARTIALLY REPLACED WITH SAND AND CEMENT
Authors: Kumar Leevesh , Singh Sitesh , Ararsa Woyesa , Gudissa Dumesa , Chimdi Jifara
Published: October 2023

Now a day’s the waste is produced in immense amounts during construction and coal burning, this study mainly focused on the utilization of sandstone slurry produced during sandstone cutting and Class-F fly ash produced by coal-burning. In this study a deep analysis is taken after 28 days’ testing, six concrete mixes were prepared one is conventional as M20, and trial mix batches are a total of five, three specimens were taken from each concrete mix separately to determine the engineering properties of the prepared specimen. Fly ash partly replaced with the cement in % of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25% and Sandstone slurry partially replaced with sand in % of 10%,20%,30%,40%,50%. Water cement ration took .4-.7%, after 28 days specimens were tested of water curing at ±2, 270C. Sulfate bath is prepared for durability test with 5% Na2SO4 and prepared specimen left for 28 days curing in prepared sulfate bath after completion of 28 days’ normal water curing, the specimen was tested after 56-day curing, acidic nature was maintained for prepared bath, on daily basis pH value has been noted if found more than 6.9 pH than sulphuric acid is added to keep the acidic nature of prepared bath. Only 5% FA and 10% SSS specimen show strength increment up to 14.477% and after sulfate bath, no change was found in specimen’s volume. In compressive strength maximum strength increased up to 19.39%, from 5% FA and 10% SSS replacement. In splitting tensile strength maximum strength increased 11.37% with 10% FA and 20% SSS.
The effect of a series of whole‑body cryotherapy treatments on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in healthy women and women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ptaszek Bartłomiej , Podsiadło Szymon , Czerwińska‑Ledwig Olga , Teległów Aneta , Pilch Wanda , Wójcik Artur , Sadowska‑Krępa Ewa
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to compare the effect of a series of 20 sessions of whole‑body cryotherapy (WBC) on the level of CAT, GPx and SOD in women with multiple sclerosis and healthy women. The consent of the Bioethics Committee at the Regional Medical Chamber in Krakow was obtained, and the trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Thirty people took part in the study: the study group (MS) and the control group (CONT). All subjects participated in 20 cryotherapy sessions. Venous blood was collected for analysis before the WBC session and after 20 sessions. There were no changes in the examined parameters (CAT, GPx, SOD) after using WBC in the MS or control groups. There were also no differences between the groups in the first or the last study. There were no adverse changes in the parameters tested – WBC appeared to be a safe form of therapy, although the mechanisms of hypothermic protection are not fully understood.