bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The NFL Should Stop Trying to Weed Out Marijuana
Authors: Assi Stephanie
Published: June 2020

Is the NFL’s drug-testing policy on medical marijuana out of date? In recent years, the United States has seen a rise in opioid addiction and opioid related deaths. The NFL is not immune from the opioid epidemic, as many current and retired players have addressed the troubled paradigm of needing relief from pain caused by years of playing in the NFL, but the increased risks of opioid use to treat said pain. This article addresses the current NFL policy regarding medical marijuana use and how changing this policy could ultimately benefit the health and safety of the NFL players.
Letter from a Law Teacher
Authors: Benham Dustin B.
Published: June 2020

The text below is an actual response to a new teacher asking about my approach in the classroom. More than seven years on the job taught me that quality teaching depends on much more than subject-matter expertise and a good PowerPoint.
The Revised NCAA Division I Governance Structure After Three Years
Authors: Shannon Brian D.
Published: June 2020

As part of the August 2014 Division I Governance re-design, the NCAA Division I Board of Directors, acting on the recommendation of a Board-appointed Steering Committee, granted certain autonomous decision-making powers to the Autonomy 5 conferences and their sixty-five member institutions. In effect, this recommendation by the Board’s Steering Committee enabled the Autonomy 5 conferences to begin to adopt policy legislation independently from the rest of Division I. Accordingly, the Steering Committee developed and recommended a structure “designed to allow permissive use of resources or to otherwise enhance the well-being of student-athletes by any [Autonomy 5 institutional] member, [or] to advance the legitimate educational or athletics-related needs of student-athletes.” Specifically, the Board delegated authority to the Autonomy 5 conferences to oversee policy development in the following areas: health and wellness, meals and nutrition, certain aspects of financial aid, expenses and benefits pertaining both to student-athlete support, and to preenrollment support, insurance and career transition, career pursuits, time demands, academic support, recruiting, and personnel. Under the revised structure, the Autonomy 5 conferences have the exclusive autonomy to consider and adopt bylaw changes (i.e. NCAA legislation) in these designated areas. The remaining twenty-seven conferences that comprise Division I continue to have legislative authority, in conjunction with the Autonomy 5 conferences, to recommend changes to other portions of the NCAA Manual, but only “for matters other than autonomy legislation.” This Article will explore the development and certain key highlights of the redesigned governance process for NCAA Division I and discuss some of the early successes achieved via the new structure. In addition, the Article will also address certain challenges that remain in play with the new structure, and will include a particular focus on one specific area of concern—scholarship support in non-revenue sports.
Higher Education Savings and Planning
Authors: Manns F. Philip , Todd Timothy M.
Published: June 2020

Funding higher education is among the critical financial decisions made by individuals and families. There are myriad options. Yet, the conventional wisdom—namely using Section 529 Plans—may not be the optimal vehicle to effectuate this goal. Therefore, this Article discusses various strategies to plan, save, and pay for higher education. It compares various savings methods including gifts, UTMA accounts, Section 529 Plans, trusts, and other vehicles. The analysis explores both tax and non-tax considerations, including the effect of different strategies on financial aid, transaction costs, investor control, income taxes, gift and estate taxes, flexibility, and creditor protection. This Article concludes that the ubiquitous Section 529 Plan may not be as effective as conventional wisdom suggests. Indeed, we argue that Section 529 Plans are optimal only when capital can be exclusively committed to education funding, which may not be the most desirable savings tactic for a wide swath of American families who need to plan for other financial needs (e.g., retirement and unforeseen medical needs).
Ethereum and the SEC
Authors: Minks Tiffany L.
Published: June 2020

In a world full of new technology, the risk of fraud is constantly increasing. In the securities industry, this risk existed long before the use of technology. Congress enacted the Securities Act of 1933 to combat the risk of fraud and misrepresentation in the sale of securities. By requiring full disclosure, investors have the opportunity to make informed decisions prior to investing. However, Distributed Autonomous Organizations (“DAOs”), through the use of blockchains and smart-contracts, engage in the sale of securities without fully disclosing the risks or complying with the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933. Compliance with the burdensome requirements of registration, however, would destroy this new technology and method of conducting business. To avoid this set-back, Congress must amend the registration requirements to provide an exemption for DAOs. This exemption, although reducing current registration burdens, must still require DAOs to disclose certain information, thereby ensuring investors are informed prior to investing. Furthermore, due to the unique nature of the blockchain, smartcontract, and DAOs, Congress must impose a fiduciary duty on the creators of DAOs to ensure compliance with the disclosure requirements. Further, Congress should consider the allowance of burden-shifting following the initial crowdsale.
Data Exclusivities in the Age of Big Data, Biologics, and Plurilaterals
Authors: Yu Peter K.
Published: June 2020

The past decade has seen many new developments impacting the intellectual property system. The introduction of big data analytics has transformed the fields of biotechnology and bioinformatics while ushering in major advances in drug development, clinical practices, and medical financing. The arrival of biologics and personalized medicines has also revolutionized the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, the emergence of bilateral, regional, and plurilateral trade agreements have raised serious, and at times difficult, questions concerning the evolution of domestic and international intellectual property standards.

One topic linking all three developments together concerns the establishment of international standards to protect clinical trial data that have been submitted to regulatory authorities for the marketing approval of pharmaceutical products. During the negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), for example, the protection of clinical trial data submitted for the marketing approval of biologics was highly contentious. Although the United States’ withdrawal in January 2017 has since placed the TPP Agreement and its data exclusivity provisions for pharmaceuticals and biologics on life support, the debate on the protection of clinical trial data will continue and will emerge in future bilateral, regional, and plurilateral trade negotiations, including the renegotiations on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Part I of this Article reviews the protection of clinical trial data under Article 39.3 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Even though the provision covers both pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products, this Article focuses only on the former. Part II examines the additional protection clinical trial data have received through TRIPS-plus bilateral, regional, and plurilateral trade agreements. Part III outlines five specific recommendations to help advance the debate on such protection in the age of big data, biologics, and plurilateral trade agreements.
Agency Coordination of Private Action
Authors: Schulz Karen M. Bradshaw
Published: June 2020

This Article explores the previously overlooked role of relational contracting in forming and maintaining public-private partnerships. Relational contracting generally describes firms using formal but legally non-binding agreements to collaborate on shared objectives. Why do parties invest in forming elaborate contracts that they do not—and cannot—enforce in court? Contract theory suggests that the very act of contracting is relationship-building; it generates commitment, trust, cooperation, a win-win philosophy, and strengthened communication. Writing down goals and intentions allows parties to clarify expectations while maintaining flexibility for unforeseen conditions. This Article demonstrates that agencies also use relational contracting— creating unenforceable written agreements to build relationships with external actors. To shed light on agencies’ use of relational contracting, this Article provides a novel review of the recovery planning process required by the Endangered Species Act. A surprising finding emerges: private groups are providing crucial resources and logistical support to prevent the extinction of endangered species. Tribes, states, nongovernmental organizations, and sportsmen’s groups are providing necessary resources to further agency action. By orchestrating private action through recovery planning documents, the agency can garner the resources necessary to undertake species translocations, which it could not unilaterally facilitate. Although the plans are not judicially enforceable, they nevertheless play a coordinating and commitment-generating role in facilitating private actors to engage in recovery efforts. This example highlights the broader trend of relational contracting building and formalizing relationships between agency and non-agency actors. Environmental impact statements, forest management plans, and recovery plans for endangered species are all examples of such “relational contracts” governing inter-agency and private-public collaborations. Viewed in this light, seemingly prosaic planning documents are, in fact, a crucial component in facilitating many agency collaborations. Descriptively, this account adds institutional detail to literatures on new governance and public-private partnerships. Normatively, it raises questions about whether the benefits of contracting offsets the potential distributional inequities and mechanisms to shroud government actions created by the practice.
Robots are Coming
Authors: Cloud Megan
Published: June 2020

New technology frequently emerges that challenges the legal status quo. Early adopters must then grapple with uncertainty over how the law will apply to novel legal quandaries. There is no better example of this than in medicine; however, the health care field is notoriously risk averse. Despite this, the practice of medicine stands to gain tremendously from these technological advancements. One such advancement is the relatively new ability to perform robotic surgery in which the surgeon is remote from the patient. Widespread use of this technology would improve rural access to surgical care, as well as improve access to more advanced surgical techniques. But problems may arise concerning choice-of-law when the laws of jurisdictions that the patient and surgeon are located in conflict. This Comment will explore the choice-of-law dilemma using Texas as a point of reference to discuss the likely choice-of-law analysis that would take place in a telesurgical malpractice case.
Promoting Equality Through Empirical Desert
Authors: Rudyak Ilya
Published: June 2020

According to empirical desert theory, good utilitarian grounds exist for distributing criminal punishment pursuant to the (retributive) intuitions of the lay community on criminal liability. This theory’s insights, based on original empirical research and informed by social science, have significantly influenced contemporary criminal law theory. Yet, ostensibly, the theory is hampered by serious limitations, which may have obstructed its progress and its potential to guide criminal justice reform. Chief among them: it draws from community intuitions, and community intuitions—as the theory acknowledges—are sometimes immoral. In addition to these “immorality objections,” (commonly illustrated by alluding to the antebellum South and Nazi Germany), critics have alleged, inter alia, that the theory is self-defeating, uses incongruous justifications, and engages in deceptive and exploitative practices.

This Article argues that these critiques are misplaced and overstated and that empirical desert theory can be safely relied on in criminal justice—and beyond. Despite the captivating historical illustrations and the intuitive appeal of immorality objections, this Article demonstrates that empirical desert theory is nearly immune to them, by virtue of previously underappreciated features of its scientific methodology. Moreover, empirical desert theory can do even better.

This Article presents an innovative proposal to reconceptualize empirical desert theory by incorporating into its scientific methodology a minimalistic normative commitment to equality and non-discrimination. It provides theoretical support and specific parameters for this reconceptualization, which imbues the theory with qualities capable of further safeguarding it from immorality objections. Furthermore, the Article explores ten additional criticisms of the theory, seriatim, and demonstrates that the proposed reconceptualization substantially strengthens the theory’s ability to overcome them. In its conclusion, the Article outlines two future paths for the theory’s application beyond criminal law, discussing the possibility to “export” its insights to international humanitarian law and its potential to reframe the interaction between criminal law theory and philosophy.
Virussen, armoede en ‘beschaafde zeden’: waarom we de ziektekiemen zijn gaan verjagen
Authors: Leprince Chloé , Vanmarcke Luc
Published: June 2020

Vertaling van een Frans internetartikel, in de maalstroom van de COVID-19-crisis, waarin ruim verwezen wordt naar Goudsbloms proces- respectievelijk figuratiesociologisch onderzoek inzake historische pandemieën.
Een repertoire van hoop
Authors: Meyers Gert
Published: June 2020

Met de bundel Nederlandse teksten _De democratie denken_ biedt Pierre Rosanvallon een repertoire van hoop.
A baleset-megelőzés jogi és pszichológiai oldalai
Authors: Juhász Anikó
Published: June 2020

In my study I give a description of a relatively new psychological personality test. The low or high value of the scales shows what dangerous tendencies are supposed in accidents. Traffic accidents can be explained by human errors, especially due to failure to comply with traffic rules. In most collisions can be discerned inattention of drivers. In our culture the killing of a person is a big sin, punished even if it is not an intentional action.
EFFECT OF SULPHUR APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) UNDER RICE CHICKPEA CROPPING SYSTEM
Authors: Makol Fayaz Hussain , Gandahi Allah Wadhayo , Memon Abdul Hameed , Jatoi Sadam Hussain , Abbasi Jawad Ahmed , Buriro Imran Ali
Published: June 2020

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important nutritive pulse crop which is cultivated throughout the world. A field experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of sulphur on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rice chickpea cropping system. A commercial chickpea variety DG-89 was used for this study under five treatments T1 = 36-72 kg NP ha־¹ + 0 kg S ha־¹ (Control), T2 = 36-72 kg NP ha־¹ + 20 kg S ha־¹, T3 = 36-72 kg NP ha־¹ + 40 kg S ha־¹, T4 = 36-72 kg NP ha־¹ + 60 kg S ha־¹ and T5 = 36-72 kg NP ha־¹ + 80 kg S ha־¹. The results of the study showed that the application of 36-72 kg NP ha־¹ + 40 kg S ha־¹, resulted maximum plant height, more pods plant-1, higher number of branches plant-1, maximum seed index 1000 grain weight and more grain yield over control. The maximum nitrogen and phosphorous content in chickpea were noted due to S application @ 36-72 kg NP ha-1+ 40 kg S ha-1. It is concluded that for better growth and yield of chickpea sulphur application @ 40 kg S ha-1 should be included in the fertilization program of chickpea along with recommended NP (36-72 kg NP ha-1) under rice chickpea cropping system.
CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP OF MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES WITH YIELD IN A- GENOME WHEAT
Authors: Sarfraz Zareen , Shah Mohammad Maroof , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Nazir Mian Faisal , Fatima Syeda Akash
Published: June 2020

Wheat considered to be the most important among all cereal crops, is grown across various agro-ecological zones around the globe. It is the main staple food playing a prominent role in the economy of the country as well as in the cropping system. The present study was conducted to estimate genotypic correlations among morphological traits and yield using 50 accessions of diploid wheat including 2 parents and 48 RILs at F7:8 stage to determine direct as well as indirect effects. The results presented here showed that generally the coefficients of genotypical correlation (rg) depicted higher values in comparison to the coefficients of phenotypic correlation (rp). Among the morphological traits contributing to the grain yield, genotypic as well as phenotypic coefficients of correlation have been evaluated. All the traits displayed positive correlation with each other except emergence percentage (EP) that depicted negative interaction with booting time (BT), flowering time (FT) and heading time (HT) phenotypically. Highest estimates of direct effect i.e., 2.1217 on grain yield have been counted for booting time however, maximum indirect effect counted on grain yield was for heading time via booting time.  Therefore, booting time can be successfully employed as an effective trait in the breeding programs focused on increasing wheat yield.
Effect of Binarity in Star Cluster Dynamical Mass Determination
Authors: Rastello Sara , Carraro Giovanni , Capuzzo-Dolcetta Roberto
Published: June 2020

In this paper we explore the effects that the presence of a fraction of binary stars has in the determination of a star cluster mass via the virial theorem. To reach this aim in an accurate and consistent way, we run a set of simulations using the direct summation, high precision, code NBODY7. By means of this suite of simulations we are able to quantify the overestimate of open-star-cluster-like models’ dynamical masses when making a straight application of the virial theorem using available position and radial velocity measurements. The mass inflation caused by the binary “heating” contribution to the measured velocity dispersion depends, of course, on the initial binary fraction, f

b0 and its following dynamical evolution. For an f

b
(evolved up to 1.5 Gyr) in the range 8%–42% the overestimate of the mass done using experimentally sounding estimates for the velocity dispersion can be up to a factor of 45. We provide a useful fitting formula to correct the dynamical mass determination for the presence of binaries, and underline how neglecting the role of binaries in stellar systems might lead to erroneous conclusions about their total mass budget. If this trend remains valid for larger systems like dwarf spheroidal galaxies, which are still far out of reach for high-precision dynamical simulations taking their binaries into account, it would imply an incorrect overestimation of their dark matter content, as inferred by means of available velocity dispersion measurements.
Radio Power from a Direct-collapse Black Hole in CR7
Authors: Whalen Daniel J. , Mezcua Mar , Meiksin Avery , Hartwig Tilman , Latif Muhammad A.
Published: June 2020

The leading contenders for the seeds of the first quasars are direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs) formed during catastrophic baryon collapse in atomically cooled halos at z ∼  20. The discovery of the Lyα emitter CR7 at z = 6.6 was initially held to be the first detection of a DCBH, although this interpretation has since been challenged on the grounds of Spitzer IRAC and Very Large Telescope X-Shooter data. Here we determine if radio flux from a DCBH in CR7 could be detected and discriminated from competing sources of radio emission in the halo such as young supernovae and H ii regions. We find that a DCBH would emit a flux of 10–200 nJy at 1.0 GHz, far greater than the sub-nJy signal expected for young supernovae but on par with continuum emission from star-forming regions. However, radio emission from a DCBH in CR7 could be distinguished from free–free emission from H ii regions by its spectral evolution with frequency and could be detected by the Square Kilometre Array in the coming decade.
An updated checklist of the vascular flora of Montagna di Torricchio State Nature Reserve (Marche, Italy)
Authors: Ballelli Sandro , Pennesi Riccardo , Campetella Giandiego , Cervellini Marco , Chelli Stefano , Cianfaglione Kevin , Lucarini Domenico , Piermarteri Karina , Tardella Federico Maria , Catorci Andrea , Canullo Roberto
Published: June 2020

This study aims to increase floristic knowledge of Marche by means of a survey in the Montagna di Torricchio State Nature Reserve (central Italy). The Reserve, located in the central Apennines, covers about 3.2 km2 at altitudes ranging from 820 to 1,491 m a.s.l. It has been owned and managed as a strict reserve by the University of Camerino since 1970: all the anthropic activities ceased about 50 years ago, except for a minimal area where mowing and cattle grazing are still allowed.

The floristic list consists of 789 specific and subspecific taxa belonging to 81 families and 352 genera. Two species are new for Italy (Taraxacum calocarpum and T. pulchrifolium) and 14 for Marche regional flora. Compared to previous floristic studies, we found 127 more taxa but we showed a certain stability in the life-form spectrum, suggesting limited effects of dynamic processes related to climate and land-use changes. The negligible number of alien species (11) is probably related to the limitations to anthropic activities in the Reserve. The occurrence of taxa never recorded for Italy and Marche highlights the floristic value of the Reserve for species conservation in the central Apennines.
Frequency and risk factors of polypharmacy and drug interactions among patients in general intensive care unit of Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, southwest of Iran
Authors: Tahmasebivand Mobina , Soltani Farhad , Kouti Leila , Izadpanah Mandana
Published: June 2020

Objective

This study was aimed to evaluate polypharmacy and drug interactions in intensive care units.

Materials and methods

This epidemiologic-descriptive study was performed on the records of 80 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a duration of more than 48 hours from 2018-10-23 to 2019-01-21. The patients' records, including polypharmacy, type and number of drug interactions as well as factors such as age, gender, hospitalization duration, number of drug-prescribing physicians were investigated. To determine drug interactions, Free Lexi-Comp iOS software version 4.0.1 was used.

Findings

Of 80 participants in this study, 58, and 22 patients (72.5%, and 27.5%) were respectively male and female, with a mean age of 39.9 years; besides, 46.2%, and 25.3% of patients were hospitalized due to trauma, and non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage, respectively. The average hospitalization was six days. The average number of drug-prescribing physicians and medications received was 5 and 10, respectively. The majority of patients (91.2%) received over five drugs. The majority of drug interactions (70%) were in C-Class, and 1.2% were in X-Class. Also, 85% of the studied samples had at least one drug interaction.

Conclusion

Polypharmacy and drug interactions were common in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit ward. Risk factors for increasing drug interactions were the length of stay and number of medications prescribed, and for polypharmacy, length of stay, number of medications-prescribing physicians, and number of prescription medications.
Digitalization as a Key Issue of the Circular Economy to Promote Sustainability
Authors: Reis Leonilde , Silveira Clara , Carvalho Luisa Cagica , Mata Carlos
Published: June 2020

Digitalization is a topic of circular economy in the context of the ReSolve framework. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the context of social organizations can provide added value in order to foster integrative solutions. The aim of this chapter is aligned with the literature about ICT, circular economy, and sustainability to present the design of a prototype that fits homeless person integration strategies and addresses concerns in the various dimensions of sustainability supported by ICT. The authors use the design science research methodology in order to communicate the prototype results for the integration of homeless people. The prototype will be developed under the assumption of use in an organizational context by a multidisciplinary team, aiming to allow the cooperation of the various entities involved. This is a contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The main results of this research suggest how to develop, in partnership with local organizations, solutions to solve social problems supported by a sustainable perspective.
Repair Café Porto
Authors: Coelho Ana
Published: June 2020

This chapter analyses Repair Café Porto (RCP) through the lens of a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) method. It is based on the event-RCP held for three hours on a Saturday every two months from June 17, 2017 until April 28, 2018 and on a new economics approach of circular economy. It is intended to examine the potentialities and challenges of RCP. Repair Cafés are ‘workshops' for people to bring consumer products in need of repair where they with volunteer fixers learn repair, maintain their broken or faulty products, or try product modification. It is an RCP-requirement that visitors who bring products participate in repairs undertaken. Regular repair stations include bike, electrical and electronic, clothing, and jewellery. The SWOT method is used to assess internal and external aspects of RCP. It is concluded that the success of RCP is dependent on financial support, the maturity of repair notion, and the alteration of consumers and producers' attitudes to see waste as a resource and to extend the life of a product.
Obtaining Deep Learning Models for Automatic Classification of Leukocytes
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro João , Igrejas Getúlio Peixoto , Beato Romeu Ferreira
Published: June 2020

In this work, the authors classify leukocyte images using the neural network architectures that won the annual ILSVRC competition. The classification of leukocytes is made using pretrained networks and the same networks trained from scratch in order to select the ones that achieve the best performance for the intended task. The categories used are eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. The analysis of the results takes into account the amount of training required, the regularization techniques used, the training time, and the accuracy in image classification. The best classification results, on the order of 98%, suggest that it is possible, considering a competent preprocessing, to train a network like the DenseNet with 169 or 201 layers, in about 100 epochs, to classify leukocytes in microscopy images.
An Introduction to Deep Convolutional Neural Networks With Keras
Authors: Muhammad Wazir , Ullah Irfan , Ashfaq Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Deep learning (DL) is the new buzzword for researchers in the research area of computer vision that unlocked the doors to solving complex problems. With the assistance of Keras library, machine learning (ML)-based DL and various complicated or unresolved issues such as face recognition and voice recognition might be resolved easily. This chapter focuses on the basic concept of Keras-based framework DL library to handle the different real-life problems. The authors discuss the codes of previous libraries and same code run on Keras library and assess the performance on Google Colab Cloud Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The goal of this chapter is to provide you with the newer concept, algorithm, and technology to solve the real-life problems with the help of Keras framework. Moreover, they discuss how to write the code of standard convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures using Keras libraries. Finally, the codes of validation and training data set to start the training procedure are explored.
Malaysian Tourism Industry Achievement From a Knowledge Management Perspective and Emergent Trends
Authors: Hayat Naeem , Al Mamun Abdullah
Published: June 2020

This chapter deals with the tourism industry in general from the Malaysian context. Tourism industry (TI) across the globe is gaining momentum and is respected as an emerging business sector bringing the much needed foreign exchange and employment opportunities for the countries. Tourism as a service sector depends on the knowledge assets of the firms for building innovate services on the management of knowledge. Introduction and the evolution of knowledge management (KM) are discussed as enabling forces for the industry and making competitive advantage for Malaysia. Malaysian achievements in TI bring much needed foreign revenues and bring employment opportunities as well. KM systems stem from the need to manage service orientation of the tourism industry associated with a higher level of diversity in services requirements of the customer coming to Malaysia from across the globe. Finally, a particular set of empirical results are reported to establish the effects of KM on service innovation and performance of Malaysian tourism players. Moreover, emerging trends in the TI are highlighted as well.
Patriarchy in Assamese Cinema
Authors: Baruah Trisha Dowerah
Published: June 2020

Cinema is said to be one of the most important and influential social institutions of our time. The Indian film industry, for instance, is the biggest in the world, churning out dozens of films belonging to different genres every year. A good movie is always characterised by a well-written script, right direction, brilliant acting, and use of mind-blowing visual effects whenever necessary. Very often, the protagonist of the films would be essayed by a male artist while the woman would play second fiddle. However, times are changing and women have come to occupy an important place as far as the depictions of such issues are concerned. In this chapter, the study concentrates on the portrayal of women in some of the prominent films of two prolific filmmakers of Assam: Dr Bhabendranath Saikia and Mr Jahnu Barua. Both these filmmakers' cinematic oeuvres portray the plight of women functioning within various incarnations of patriarchy in different historical temporalities.
How the New Paradigm of Environmental Philosophy and Heritage Create a Tourism Scientific Corpus
Authors: Queirós António dos Santos
Published: June 2020

The raising of environmental philosophy and their ethics changed the concept of heritage. All domains of social activity are confronted with the necessity of rethinking their paradigm, not only the economy, but also the school, from all levels, the two political systems, capitalism and socialism, for the reason that the humankind walk to discovery the pathway to a new era, towards an ecological civilization. A short synthesis concerning the fundamental concepts of environmental philosophy will be discussed to make this debate accessible to the common people and to the common social leaders: entrepreneur, politic, journalist, teacher, student. The authors are in the domain of philosophy, political philosophy, because the critique against anthropocentrism and the critique against ethnocentrism, the concept of environmental reason, are the beacons to guide and protect the canoe of lives and to discover a new ecological civilization. The paradigm of environmental tourism is a core of this research.
The Age of the World Tourist
Authors: Carvalho Tiago Mesquita
Published: June 2020

This chapter presents a broad reflection about the connections between cultural landscapes, technology, and tourism. Cultural landscapes are lively and historical entities, neither background scenery nor artworks. They are coupled with several instances of value and remain tied to local forms of life. Tourism, conversely, thrives through promoting and advertising the experience of such landscapes, whose aesthetical and cultural heritage promise to enrich and educate tourists. The relationship between landscapes and tourism is nevertheless prone to criticism. The objectification of cultural landscapes proceeds through setting a series of burden free commodities, corresponding to the variety of ways modern man builds his subjectivity essentially as a tourist. Territories are progressively becoming available to tourists through various technologies while the self-image of tourists is being increasingly established by those same technologies. Tourism can nevertheless withstand different kinds of practices allowing landscapes to speak for themselves and engaging tourists to a commitment.
Modeling Carbon Emissions of Alternative Distribution Network Designs for Seaport to Demand Center Just in Time Delivery
Authors: Guiffrida Alfred L. , Lincecum Heather L. , McQuade Kelly
Published: June 2020

This chapter presents a decision support tool that can be used to evaluate the level of carbon emission and duration of delivery time for alternative distribution systems charged with just-in-time product delivery. An Excel-based transportation model is solved using linear programming to model transport truck carbon emissions and delivery time for a product landed at seaports in the United States and transported to meet customer demand at inland locations under stochastic demand conditions. The alternative network designs examined provide insights as to the viability of the optimal network design as determined by the transportation model. The model is illustrated using simulated demand scenarios and the robustness of the solution methodology is examined using a sensitivity analysis.
Evaluating E-Commerce-Related Distribution and Warehousing in Terms of Sustainability
Authors: Demirkıran Yeliz , Dizbay Ikbal Ece
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, the relationships between logistics operations and e-commerce are investigated. The logistics operations are discussed under the distribution and warehousing subjects. The effects of e-commerce on these activities are analyzed by considering the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainability in a broad perspective. For evaluating distribution of e-commerce products, current last-mile operations, trends, and future expectations are investigated in the sustainability concept. Furthermore, the effects of e-commerce on warehouse types and operations are presented. Besides that, location and layout of warehouses, materials used in warehouse buildings, and material handling equipment are discussed with a sustainability perspective.
Supervising System and Business Control of Local Self-Government Units in Performance Audit Function
Authors: Eremić-Đođić Jelica , Bosnjak Ivan
Published: June 2020

As everywhere in the world, resources in the Republic of Serbia are limited. Almost half of the resources are covered by public spending. A well-established oversight of the budget process provides real assistance in performance audit, and it is also an instrument of a permanent guidance and correction. The State Audit Office is often assigning itself tasks to carry out the activities related to the performance audit process. In this way, the state audit approaches systematically to the examination of business activities of all budget users. The basic task of the performance audit lies in examining the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the use of public funds by using various analyses, making comparisons, and analyzing indicators. This chapter will describe the proposal for a procedure that ensures a continuous process of supervision and control of business operations in local self-government units in the function of performance audits.
A Literature Review on Cross Domain Sentiment Analysis Using Machine learning
Authors: Kansal Nancy , Goel Lipika , Gupta Sonam
Published: June 2020

Sentiment analysis is the field of NLP which analyzes the sentiments of text written by users on online sites in the form of reviews. These reviews may be either in the form of a word, sentence, document, or ratings. These reviews are used as datasets when applied to train a classifier. These datasets are applied in the annotated form with the positive, negative or neutral labels as an input to train the classifier. This trained classifier is used to test other reviews, either in the same or different domains to know like or dislike of the user for the related field. Various researches have been done in single and cross domain sentiment analysis. The new methods proposed are overcoming the previous ones but according to this survey, no methods best suit the proposed work. In this article, the authors review the methods and techniques that are given by various researchers in cross domain sentiment analysis and how those are compared with the pre-existing methods for the related work.
Internet of Things in E-Government
Authors: Papadopoulou Panagiota , Kolomvatsos Kostas , Hadjiefthymiades Stathes
Published: June 2020

E-government can greatly benefit by the use of IoT, enabling the creation of new innovative services or the transformation and enhancement of current ones, which are informed by smart devices and real-time data. The adoption of IoT in e-government encompasses several challenges of technical as well as organizational, political and legal nature which should be addressed for developing efficient government-to-citizen and government-to-society applications. This article examines IoT adoption in e-government in a holistic approach. It provides an overview of the IoT potential in e-government across several application domains, highlighting the specific issues that seek attention in each of them. The article also investigates the challenges that should be considered and managed for IoT in e-government to reach its full potential. With the application of IoT in e-government being at an early stage, the article contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of how IoT can be leveraged for e-government purposes.
Determine Factors of NFC Mobile Payment Continuous Adoption in Shopping Malls
Authors: Sun Siwei , Zhang Fangyu , Liao Kaicheng , Chang Victor
Published: June 2020

Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile payment systems allow users to utilize services through smartphones. There is insufficient literature exploring the adoption of NFC with payment scenarios in developing countries. This study aims to explore the influential factors of consumer adoption of NFC, taking payment behaviors through NFC in Indonesia as an example. One hundred forty-seven participants were enrolled in the 5-point Likert scale survey, and 124 valid samples were analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that trust mediates the effect of context on consumers' continuous intention to use NFC mobile payment. Additionally, trust mediates the effect of perceived risk on consumers' continuous intention to use. The perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have no effects on consumers' continuous intention to use. The mediating effect of religiosity has not been observed in this study. The findings can enbale service providers and local governments to offer better mobile payment services.
RFA Reinforced Firefly Algorithm to Identify Optimal Feature Subsets for Network IDS
Authors: Rajakumar R. , Dinesh K. , Dumka Ankur , Jayakumar L
Published: June 2020

Intrusion detection systems (IDS's) play a vital role in network security to prevent the unauthorized use of data over networks. The feature selection approach is an important paradigm to strengthen IDS systems. In this article, a reinforced firefly-based feature selection model is proposed. This model utilizes the firefly inspired optimizer to select the features and it combines filter-based and wrapper-based approaches to boost the optimizer approach of the significant feature subset. In addition to that, novel classifiers are used to validate the efficiency of the selected subset. The proposed work is tested on the KDD Cup99 data sets which include 41 different features. Experimental results convey that the proposed work outperforms in terms of better detection accuracy, FPR and F-score. Also, it achieves better classification accuracy and less computational complexity compared to other algorithms.
Multi-Agent-Based Modeling for Underground Pipe Health and Water Quality Monitoring for Supplying Quality Water
Authors: Narayanan Lakshmi Kanthan , Sankaranarayanan Suresh , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Lorenz Pascal
Published: June 2020

This article discusses distributed monitoring through the deployment of various multiagents in the IoT-Fog-based water distribution network (WDN). This will ensure the right amount of water supplied with respect to demand forecasted to residents. In addition, underground pipe health is also monitored by means of a multiagent based on hydraulic parameters supplying water forecasted with minimal losses which would minimize the operational and material cost involved in recovery or repair. Lastly, there are agents deployed towards leakage monitoring and anti-theft detection of water. The multiagents act upon various parameters of hydrology and analysis is based on the data acquired by the various sensors deployed in the water distribution network which perform partial automation of the disconnection of the supply during extreme critical conditions.
Continuous Technological Improvement Using Systems Engineering Principles to Achieve Sustainability
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: June 2020

The design of a continuous plan would benefit society, as seen in systems engineering. To understand complex systems and to uphold the principles of stability, systems engineering has shown that it is a discipline of great importance. The principle of continuous technological improvement has augmented this idea, as the quality improvement of the design to meet inherent objectives would be the focus. This study aims to present the necessity of continuous technological improvement through systems engineering principles for socioeconomic and community-oriented growth. Thus, the context that would tackle global concerns and facilitate humanity's growth toward knowledge would be the application of technology. The context at hand, the design of systems thinking, and the overall approach taken to promote deeper perspectives has been illustrated in various literature. Healthcare, chemical production and organizational development are various fields of distinction that have shown evidence from the investigation into related literature. To streamline quality, as well as to maintain high quantities of production, all employed systems engineering have focused on technological improvements. In the field of industrial engineering, for a stable industry in which the system operates, this line of thinking is crucial.
Fuzzy Modelling and Chaos Control in the Photogravitational Magnetic Binary Problem With Potential From a Belt
Authors: Arif Mohd
Published: June 2020

Control of chaotic systems has led to many fruitful results, such as the famous OGY and feedback control. Of course, controlling chaos is not limited to the approaches above and is not specifically reviewed one by one here. The representation of chaotic systems using fuzzy models has a unified approach. The fuzzy logic controllers had been proposed for a long time and were successfully applied to control the chaos in many systems. The main purpose of this study is to presents the new fuzzy model for the photogravitational magnetic-binary problem (PMBP) where the bigger primary is a source of radiation and the smaller primary is an oblate body; and they are encompassed by a homogeneous circular cluster of material points centred at the mass centre of the system (belt). It was shown that using a new fuzzy controller, it is possible to control of chaotic behaviour of the photogravitational magnetic-binary problem (PMBP). The simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed method can satisfy the control object and enhanced stability.
Health Insurance Claim Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Goundar Sam , Prakash Suneet , Sadal Pranil , Bhardwaj Akashdeep
Published: June 2020

A number of numerical practices exist that actuaries use to predict annual medical claim expense in an insurance company. This amount needs to be included in the yearly financial budgets. Inappropriate estimating generally has negative effects on the overall performance of the business. This study presents the development of artificial neural network model that is appropriate for predicting the anticipated annual medical claims. Once the implementation of the neural network models was finished, the focus was to decrease the mean absolute percentage error by adjusting the parameters, such as epoch, learning rate, and neurons in different layers. Both feed forward and recurrent neural networks were implemented to forecast the yearly claims amount. In conclusion, the artificial neural network model that was implemented proved to be an effective tool for forecasting the anticipated annual medical claims for BSP Life. Recurrent neural network outperformed the feed forward neural network in terms of accuracy and computation power required to carry out the forecasting.
Nano-Scratch Response of Diamond-Like Carbon Film Deposited by Pulsed Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Koch T. , Lackner M. , Pauschitz A. , Roy Manish
Published: June 2020

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are known for thermal, chemical and mechanical properties. Hydrogen free and hydrogenated DLC films are deposited using pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering. The influence of sputtering conditions on the nano-scratch properties of these films is investigated. Raman spectra reveals that structural disorder in the a-C:H matrix decreases with increase in acetylene flow. Increased acetylene flow reduces frictions, residual stress and retains hardness. The friction responses of the deposited defects free ultra-smooth films are influenced by pull off forces at low load and by formation of carbonaceous layer at high load.
Experimental Analysis of Tribological Properties of Simarouba Glauca Biodiesel With Nanoparticles
Authors: Aitavade Eknath Nivrutti , Kamate S. C.
Published: June 2020

Biolubricants are renewable, biodegradable, nontoxic, and have zero greenhouse gases. In this work, the tribological properties of the Simarouba glauca biodiesel (SBD) are studied with nanoparticles as additives. Nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) were added with 0.2, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% weight (wt) in the base SBD. The coefficient of friction (COF) and the wear scar diameters (WSD) were evaluated using four ball tester for the test conditions as per ASTM D 4172 standard. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were inspected by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The addition of nanoparticles improved the friction and wear characteristics of SBD. A combination of abrasive and adhesive wear was evident. The average COF for pure SBD was 0.0168. The results indicated that 0.75% and 0.2% of CuO nanoparticles as a beneficial percentage in the base oil exhibiting the lowest COF and WSD. CuO nanoparticles proved to be superior to SiO2 nanoparticles as additives in SBD, demonstrating 8% and 60% decrease in wear and friction parameters, respectively.