bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managerial succession in family businesses: Proposal of succession plan for a company in the heavy machinery rental sector in the city of Manaus
Authors: Souza Alexander Pirangy de , Mendes Sérgio Augusto Torres , Borges Filho João Nascimento , Souza Karina Medeiros Pirangy de , Fonseca Marcello Pires , Oliveira Oderlene Vieira de
Published: September 2023

The organizational universe of family businesses has peculiarities that make this type of enterprise different from conventional companies. Absence of formal controls, management carried out in an improvised manner, centralization of managerial power in the figure of the founding partner and strong influence of emotions in the decision-making process are some of the singularities that characterize these business units. One of the most critical elements in the management of family businesses is that of the succession process. This study aims to analyze the practices concerning the succession procedures of an organization operating in the heavy machinery rental sector in the city of Manaus. To build the theoretical framework of the study, we used the conceptual bibliographic method used by Nascimento-e-Silva (2020) and to obtain the data from the owner of the organization a questionnaire with open questions was applied. The results indicate that the succession process of the analyzed company is carried out empirically, with the decisions concentrated on its owner partner. In order to make this process more professional and organized, a succession plan was elaborated for the company analyzed in this study, which consists of five stages: a) establishment of the content and rules of the family succession protocol; b) definition of the mission, vision, values and objectives of the company; c) establishment of the professional profile of the successor; d) definition of the personality traits of the successor, and; e) training of the heir chosen by the owner with a view to familiarizing this professional with regard to his future position in the organizational structure of the family business.
Epistemological conceptions and pedagogical practices of the teachers of Vale dos Sinos/RS in the context of inclusive education
Authors: Souza Cármina Geanini Nunes Monteiro de , Martins Rosemari Lorenz
Published: September 2023

This article aims to present research conducted with teachers from Vale do Sinos/RS, who attend, in regular classes, students with intellectual disabilities and/or atypical development, about their epistemological conception and their pedagogical practice. In this context, it aims to verify what are the epistemological conceptions of teachers from Vale dos Sinos/RS and what are the implications of these conceptions in their practice about inclusive education. To this end, 7 teachers were asked to position themselves in relation to four education dilemmas created for this research. The analysis of the teachers' answers revealed that most of them teach in the same way as they learn, with directive pedagogical practices, based on an empiricist epistemological conception, for students with or without disabilities and/or typical or atypical development. This result suggests that his view on inclusion deserves to be reviewed, to follow a proposal with a more focused view of effective inclusion.
The reality of the dimensions of sustainability in the business environment of micro and small companies of the Amazon portal that used the resource of the constitutional fund for Financing of the North – FNO
Authors: Souza José Arilson de , Rodrigues Raimundo Nonato
Published: September 2023

The Constitutional Financing Fund of the North (FNO), created through the Constitutional Funds, has the objective of promoting the development of the North Region, constituting the main financial instrument of the National Policy for Regional Development (PNDR) for the reduction of regional disparities. With the growth and development of the region, new questions, and concerns regarding sustainability in the business environment were generated. In this sense, the Sustainability Tripod and its extension, the Multiple Bottom Line, were proposed to analyze the economic, social, environmental, ethical and governance dimensions. In this sense, the present work sought to identify the reality of the dimensions of sustainability in the environment of micro and small companies of the Portal da Amazônia that used the resource of the Constitutional Fund for Financing of the North (FNO) for business development. To capture the data, a field survey was carried out with 111 companies that used FNO resources in the period from 2018 to 2022. After the survey, Excel was used for data processing and subsequent analysis. As a result, in the economic dimension, the ability of micro and small companies to expand their revenues was identified, with the responsibility of expanding the use of facilities and an integrated corporate composition to guarantee the economic life of the entity. In the environmental dimension, business actions involving the issuance of environmental licenses and their practices in the operation of the business were observed, while in the social dimension, the expansion of the supply of job openings and an organization dedicated to serving people could be seen. In the Governance dimension, actions of administrative responsibility, control and good practices by the companies interviewed were observed. Closing the context of the dimensions, ethics guides the business of micro and small companies surveyed. Responsibility with the business, both internally and externally, signals an important emphasis on this dimension. The outputs obtained provided the opportunity for theoretical generalizations regarding the confrontation of the reality described in the dimensions of sustainability in the business environment of micro and small companies of the Amazon portal and the theoretical framework that involves the theme.
Collaborative training of teachers in the annals of ENDIPE
Authors: Bioto Patrícia Aparecida
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents a survey of papers published in the annals of ENDIPE on collaborative teacher training in the São Paulo State Government's Ler e Escrever Program. The search was made in the electronic annals available on the internet of the events that took place between 2008 and 2018. All the proceedings were found. There is a variety in the format of the proceedings as well as the way in which the papers were accessed. These research steps will be specified when addressing each scientific event researched. The analysis of the papers above allows us to state that the topic of collaborative teacher training has been the subject of important and numerous investigations. They reinforce the reflections that give this form of training the centrality of efforts to promote a significant impact on teachers' professional development.
Legal and technical challenges in the pursuit of cybercriminals: An analysis of the difficulties faced by the authorities
Authors: Sousa Erik Richardson Faria e
Published: September 2023

The rapid expansion of information and communication technology has shaped a continually growing digital landscape, wherein the internet and digital networks play a central role. However, this technological ubiquity has brought forth challenges, such as sophisticated and ever-evolving cybercrimes. This article addresses the complexity and diversity of cybercrimes, their legal implications, and the difficulties authorities face in identifying and prosecuting offenders. The research employs a qualitative approach, supported by literature review, to explore the nuances of preventing and combating these crimes. Gaps in specific legislation necessitate constant adaptation and updates within the legal system. Technologies such as digital forensic analysis, IP tracking, and cybersecurity have been utilized by both authorities and criminals. Collaboration and the continuous evolution of counter-strategies are vital to confronting this ever-changing reality in the digital age.
Medical Equipment And Medication Inventory Information System At West Citarip Puskesmas Is Based On A Website
Authors: Ibrahim Puji Nurmalik , Rinawati Rinawati
Published: September 2023

An inventory information system offers data from many processes, including purchasing, storing, and reporting. As a result, it is essential to create an application for the Inventory Information System to transform the company's performance process from manual to automated, resulting in more thorough reports. Data collection, system design, system analysis, and database system design are used to create this application. It is creating PHP-based application programs. MYQSL is the database used, while VisualStudio Code is used for development scripts. It has been determined that the West Citarip Health Center's Drug and Medical Device Inventory Information System is ready to be designed and implemented.
Information Control on Inventory Study at In One of The Garment Companies in Bandung
Authors: Putra Larry Al Bar Hendra , Komara Anton Tirta , Sidharta Iwan , Roslina Nita Yura , Megawati Imelda
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the Finished Goods Inventory Accounting Information System on the internal control of finished goods inventory at PT. Partners Adi Jaya Manunggal in Bandung City. Based on the obtained calculation results, it has been determined that the Accounting Information System (X) for Finished Goods Inventory is deemed to be of satisfactory quality, as indicated by a score of 3.39. The internal control system for managing finished goods inventory (Y) has demonstrated effective performance, as evidenced by a value of 3.37. The optimization and effective utilization of a precise accounting information system for finished goods inventory is expected to enhance internal control measures for such inventory.

The research employed a descriptive verification research method at PT. Partners Adi Jaya Manunggal in Bandung City. In order to gather data and information that will substantiate this research, the approach involves the collection of secondary data and the utilization of linear regression hypothesis testing. This methodology aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the Finished Goods Inventory Accounting Information System on the Internal Control System for Finished Goods Inventory.

According to the findings of the study, the outcomes of the linear regression analysis indicate that the equation Y = 8.006 + 0.817. This finding indicates that a majority of the population in Mitra Adi Jaya Manunggal, Bandung City, accounts for 63.3%, while the remaining 36.7% represents an unexamined variable of influence.
Employee Payment Data Application Design
Authors: Islami Noviyanti , Latif Dadang , Jamaludin Ikbal , Suciyono Nanang , Parghani Rizal , Susanto Susanto
Published: September 2023

At first, employees collect attendance support letters containing attendance sheets and permits if not working as well as overtime certificates to the financial administration  section,  after which the financial  administration  will calculate salaries first to be submitted to the accounting department. Because employee payroll is still done manually, errors often occur in absenteeism and in calculating salaries given to employees. Then the frequent occurrence of errors in recording reports is also because the payroll is still done manually.

 

This system is analyzed and designed using descriptive research methods and development techniques using the waterfall method. The programming language used by this system is PHP with XAMPP web server and PHPMyAdmin database. This employee payroll application that has been created can help companies make it easier to record payroll transactions, and archive payroll and attendance reports.
Transforming Hematology and Oncology Follow-Up Care: Innovations in Telemedicine
Authors: Simhachalam Gurugubelll  , Ai Giridhar Gundepalli
Published: September 2023

In recent years, advancements in telemedicine have revolutionized the way healthcare is delivered, particularly in the field of hematology and oncology. This poster explores the cutting-edge innovations that empower doctors to enhance remote monitoring and post- treatment support for hematology and oncology patients. leading to improved outcomes and quality of life.
Gestión del cuadro de mando integral para pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Coto Corrales Esteban , Molina Villalobos Alexander
Published: September 2023

El cuadro de Mando Integral es una herramienta que es utilizada para la medición del desempeño y la gestión de la estrategia empresarial por un tiempo determinado. La presente revisión de literatura analiza la gestión del Cuadro de Mando Integral en pequeñas y medianas empresas. Como parte del estudio, se da el análisis de definiciones conceptuales que permiten la descripción de la herramienta, por otra parte se dan las descripciones de los procesos, las características y cómo esta influye en las pequeñas y medianas empresas, siguiendo una línea de investigación teórica que se adapta a la gestión del proceso mencionado. Como parte de los resultados se pudo observar que el cuadro de mando tiene como objetivo garantizar la implementación de estrategias, lo cual es necesario tener claro la misión y visión de la pyme para poder llevar a cabo la correcta definición de la situación deseada, lo que implica proyectar la organización a mediano y largo plazo.
Elaboración de estrategias de marketing para potenciar pequeñas empresas turísticas
Authors: Calero Lara Magali Giocanda , Cruz Zambrano Mónica Cecilia , Terán Guerra Mariuxi Patricia , Bayas Vaca Víctor Hugo
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo es acerca de la administración y estrategias utilizadas por las agencias de viaje, conociendo que una agencia de viajes es una empresa asociada al turismo, cuyo oficio es la intermediación, organización y realización de proyectos, planes e itinerarios, elaboración y venta de productos turísticos entre sus clientes y determinados proveedores de viajes. El marketing específico es una pieza fundamental de la industria turística para generar negocios y oportunidades, para sensibilizar, motivar, convencer y poner en boca de los potenciales usuarios, visitantes o viajeros cada uno de los valores de un alojamiento o un destino. El marketing turístico pone en contacto a quienes desean una experiencia en otro lugar con quienes pueden proporcionar profesionalmente. El trabajo tiene como objetivo principal elaborar estrategias de marketing para potenciar pequeñas empresas turísticas, la empresa sobre la cual se van a implantar las estrategias de marketing es la agencia de viajes “Manta Travel” para que se dé a conocer en el mercado nacional e internacional. Los servicios que ofrece la agencia de viajes son paquetes turísticos o tours, trámites de visa, asesoría al cliente, ventas de pasajes aéreos, entre otros. Para la elaboración del trabajo se ejecutó un análisis del entorno tanto externo como interno de la empresa, y así, determinar las necesidades de las que carece para su crecimiento en el mercado turístico. Es importante tomar en consideración varios factores e identificar las problemáticas que ocurren al momento de gestionar una agencia de viajes.
Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la realidad aumentada como recurso didáctico para el aprendizaje de Ciencias Naturales
Authors: Ron Cordero Ariel Aaron , Avello Martínez Raidell
Published: September 2023

La Realidad Aumentada ha emergido como una herramienta prometedora para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de educación básica superior en la Escuela de Educación Básica Particular Las Cumbres con respecto al uso de la Realidad Aumentada como recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con un enfoque exploratorio-descriptivo, con la participación de los 32 estudiantes de la Escuela Las Cumbres, de 8vo, 9no y 10mo grados. Se desarrolló un programa de actividades para las clases de Ciencias Naturales en los temas del ciclo de las plantas y el ciclo del agua, aplicando la Realidad Aumentada, y luego se indagó la percepción de los estudiantes sobre esta mediante dos cuestionarios. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el software estadístico Jamovi. Se obtuvo que, aunque un 55 % tenía conocimiento previo sobre estas tecnologías, el 82 % no las había aplicado en clases; existió una valoración positiva sobre la Realidad Aumentada en todos los ítems evaluados, con un promedio global de 4.54 sobre 5; existieron diferencias significativas entre sexos para 3 de los ítems. Los hallazgos respaldan la idea de que la RA tiene un potencial significativo para enriquecer la pedagogía y aumentar la motivación en el aula.
Commensal Politics and Identity Performance at Azoria, an Archaic City on Crete
Authors: Scarry C. Margaret , Haggis Donald C. , Mook Margaret S. , Fitzsimons Rodney D. , Dibble W. Flint , Tsoraki Christina
Published: September 2023

Azoria (1200–500 BC) is an Archaic city on the island of Crete. Ten seasons of large-scale excavations have shed light on the organization, and operation of this early city-state. At its heart is a massive civic complex with shrines, assembly halls, public dining rooms, and associated kitchens and storerooms. Surrounding the civic complex are “townhouses” of important families: here, too, storage, preparation, and consumption of foods were prominently displayed. The layout and contents of these public and residential buildings manifest the importance of food display and commensal dining in urban politics. This chapter draws on ceramic, architectural, archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological, and ground stone evidence to discuss the varied forms and contexts of commensality at Azoria. The authors argue that the residents of Azoria claimed and performed varied social identities and affiliations—as prominent households, as members of suprahousehold groups, and as citizens of Azoria—through contributions, displays, and consumption of food in several distinct venues.
Food for the Dead and the Living
Authors: Dedrick Maia , McAnany Patricia A. , Vance Shannon
Published: September 2023

Within ancient Maya cosmology, the animate dead, along with other beings, required ritual nourishment through offerings so that all could thrive. Living family members needed not only to feed themselves, but also to offer food to cherished ancestors. However, there were distinctions between the foods the living ate and those they offered to the dead. This study considers evidence from Late Classic period (AD 550–750) domestic contexts at the site of K’axob, Belize, to explore overlaps and dissimilarities between foods designated for the living and for the ancestors. Study of burials from these contexts also suggests that interment practices differed among members of a residential group or household. The results presented here provide new insights into the social relationships of Late Classic period K’axob.
From Subsistence to Sacrifice
Authors: Lapham Heather A. , Feinman Gary M. , Nicholas Linda M.
Published: September 2023

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) became a staple in the meat diet of Zapotec peoples during the Formative period (1500 BC–AD 200) in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, and continued to be important in subsistence and ritual into the Classic and Postclassic periods. Recent zooarchaeology research has identified low-intensity household management and production of animals and animal by-products at sites throughout the valley, with patterns of animal use varying by settlement. Households within each community showed differences, both marked and subtle, in animal-based subsistence practices, dietary preferences, and use of animals and animal by-products. By looking at diverse contexts from Classic period (ca. AD 250–800) Oaxaca, we elucidate the subsistence importance of dogs and some of its key ritual uses. We compare similarities and differences among households at Lambityeco and two other contemporaneous sites (the Mitla Fortress and El Palmillo) to gain a more holistic understanding of dogs in ancient Zapotec foodways and ritual practices.
Late Archaic and Woodland Foodways and Landscapes in Tuckaleechee Cove, East Tennessee
Authors: Hollenbach Kandace D.
Published: September 2023

This chapter uses foodways data to explore the effects of increasing reliance on cultivated plant foods on social relationships at a complex of sites in the foothills of eastern Tennessee. Paleoethnobotany data demonstrate that the occupants increasingly invested in native cultigens from 3500 to 1500 years ago. In tandem, a decrease in the size of storage features and broader spatial distribution suggests a shift of food preparation and storage from the community to a household level. A shift from soapstone to ceramic vessels indicates increasing sedentism as well as varying participation in larger trade networks. Increased sedentism is further evidenced by investment in more substantial structures. Several large, circular features suggest that the later occupants constructed low mounds, strengthening community bonds and reifying their connection to this place. Viewed in concert, the datasets reflect significant changes in the ways that the occupants interacted with plants, the local landscape, their community, and their trading partners over the two millennia during which they increasingly invested in cultivated plants. A similar pattern may be evident at other Late Archaic and Woodland sites in the Midsouth where occupants also invested in plant food production.
Fragmented Records
Authors: BORRERO LUIS ALBERTO , MARTIN FABIANA MARÍA
Published: September 2023

The known ethnic groups from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego are classified within the cover-all categories of terrestrial and maritime hunter-gatherers. Of course, the differences observed between groups were real, but no major consideration for the existence of mixed cultural configurations existed. This classification was extended to prehistoric societies. However, the archaeological dichotomy between maritime and terrestrial hunter-gatherers mainly results from the use of fragmentary ethnographic data. Indeed, a relatively rich corpus of ethnographic information exists, but not all is derived from systematic observations and it can be considered incomplete. Moreover, it is plausible to expect important variation along the thousands of years represented in the archaeological record. Then, one notable effect of using the ethnographic record as a framework was the reduction of cultural variability to two recorded polar types.
At the Pacific Edge and Field’s Margin
Authors: Yu Pei-Lin
Published: September 2023

In the Paleolithic to Neolithic transition of Taiwan, current evidence indicates that farmer-gardeners from China’s southeast coast immigrated beginning about 6,000 BP. They brought a diverse subsistence of cultivation, foraging, and fishing that would have influenced habitat choice and interactions with Paleolithic foragers already in residence. The Ideal Free Distribution predicts that individuals moving into new habitats will settle first in high ranked locations, then growing densities will deteriorate high ranked habitats to the point that migration begins toward second ranked habitats. The Despotic Variant predicts that in cases where prime habitats are already occupied, immigrants will be forced to settle in low-ranked locations, and the Allee Effect describes density-related niche construction and habitat modification that increases encounters with preferred prey or resources. Crops and their adjuncts, edible weeds, are agents of niche construction. This paper introduces ethnoarchaeological data from Amis Tribe farmer-gardeners to evaluate the proposition that the edible weeds that accompany crops were a quiet but key factor in the Ideal Free Distribution with Allee Effects during the Taiwanese Neolithic transition.
Moving Beyond
Authors: DAGGERS LOUISA B. , PLEW MARK G.
Published: September 2023

Following depictions of Holocene environmental change based on regional palynological studies the Early Holocene in Northwestern Guyana has been seen as a period characterized by substantial instability during which people utilized different shellfish species associated with sea-level fluctuations. Using isotopic analysis of human and animal remains from shell middens of Northwestern Guyana this paper re-assesses whether this instability is as significant as previously thought. Using δ‎13C and δ‎18O data, we demonstrate a constancy in the availability of C3 plants during the past several thousand years that began in the Early Holocene and document warming intervals during the Early Holocene (Early Archaic) which appear to correlate with dry periods known elsewhere in the central Amazon. Although our data support long-term perpetuation of what appear to be relatively modern forest conditions, we conclude that in at least the Early Holocene there was likely more open canopy—a condition that may well have seen increased residential mobility, prehistoric mobility associated with a range of seasonally available resources beyond shellfish.
Types of Research
Authors: Welsh Tom
Published: September 2023

A variety of types of research are available to address the range of research questions that dance science researchers want to answer. In this chapter, research types are delineated by functions such as description, correlation, intervention, experimentation, and synthesis. Overviews are given for various research approaches to achieving these functions such as qualitative, survey, case report, between group and within-subject experiments, systematic reviews, and meta analyses. The different types of research described offer researchers a variety of tools for answering research questions related to dance. The ultimate value of any research approach is determined by its ability to answer the research question well and readers are invited to explore the options for fitting their research question to the appropriate approach or type of research.
Writing a Literature Review
Authors: Kenny Sarah J. , Russell Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to guide readers toward putting into words what they learn from reading other people's research so that they can clearly articulate how their proposed study relates to already published research. Reasons for writing a literature review include explaining the context of a study, describing what is already known about a topic, critically appraising existing literature, and identifying gaps in current knowledge. Reviewing the literature on a specific topic of interest can be a fascinating, yet daunting journey. This chapter describes how to keep the task manageable--it starts by reading one article at a time.
Managing, Analyzing, and Presenting Data
Authors: Ambegaonkar Jatin P.
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the steps in the Research Data Cycle and details the quantitative and qualitative data types that dance science researchers can use in their work. Then the chapter explains common data analysis techniques available to dance science researchers. It introduces the concepts of descriptive, inferential, and predictive statistics, parametric and non-parametric tests, statistical significance, probability (p) values, Type I and II Errors, power analyses, and clinimetric properties of outcome measures. It also provides information about presenting data meaningfully and how to create figures, tables, and graphics to be user-friendly so that the readers of the research can interpret the data appropriately. Finally, the chapter stresses the need for dance science researchers to first fully comprehend their study results and analyses so that they can optimally present their findings to others.
Applying Research Findings to Practice
Authors: Krasnow Donna H. , Wilmerding Virginia
Published: September 2023

The focus of this chapter is the application of research findings to practical settings involving dancers. The chapter begins with a discussion of a variety of avenues for the dissemination research findings in terms of applications to various populations, including publishing sources, conferences, and informal contexts. It discusses the importance of practical applications of research, and how it can be translated to communicate effectively with dancers, educators, and medical practitioners. It considers the barriers to implementation of research findings and strategies to overcome these barriers. The chapter examines ways that practitioners can apply research findings in the settings where they work, and how researchers can assist with the process. It looks at how to adjust research findings to fit a specific context, the idea of generalizability, how the researcher's background can inform the work, and how to tailor a presentation to a particular audience. The chapter includes ways to refine the approach to the research depending on settings (e.g., educational, clinical), and available resources (e.g., time, funding, culture). Finally, it considers the gap between research and application by describing examples from the literature and by providing recommendations to bridge this gap.
The Changing Shape of Chickasaw and European Battlefield Narratives
Authors: Cobb Charles R. , Lieb Brad R. , Hinson Joshua D.
Published: September 2023

In 1541, the Chickasaws expulsed Hernando de Soto’s army from their core settlement at the battle of Chickasha. Nearly two centuries later, the Chickasaws overwhelmingly defeated two French-led forces in engagements at the towns of Aahíkki’ya’ and Chokkilissa’ that aimed to destroy the Chickasaw Nation. These battles, representing some of the most significant engagements between Native American and European colonial powers in the American South, have been described from a variety of disciplinary, national, and ethnic perspectives: French, Spanish, Euro-American, Chickasaw, archaeologist, historian, and avocational historian, among others. We consider how these military engagements have been phrased through the trope of manifest destiny and differentially incorporated into the historical memory of various interest groups. Today the Chickasaw Nation has been actively engaged in research on the battlefield sites, leading to a revival of interest in, and interpretation of, these key features of their traditional landscape.
Battle of Great Falls/Wissantinnewag-Peskeompskut
Authors: Bissonnette Ashley A. , McBride Kevin A.
Published: September 2023

King Philip’s War (1675–1677) was the most devastating conflict in American history proportional to the population and forever changed the cultural landscape of New England. Thousands of Native people died from disease, starvation, and battlefield deaths, and the survivors abandoned the region or were placed on reservations that were a fraction of their former homelands. The Battle of Turner’s Falls/Wissantinnewag-Peskeompskut (May 19, 1676) was the most decisive battle of King Philip’s War. Although the battle was a victory for Native forces it was the beginning of a process that resulted in the dissolution of the Native Coalition and ultimately the piecemeal defeat of all the tribes in the coalition. The battlefield project is unique in that its success has been the result of collaborative work between Indigenous and Euro-American representatives whose ancestors fought in the battle, local historians, and academics. This chapter discusses the archaeology of the Battle of Turners Falls/Wissantinnewag-Peskeompskut and the contributions of Indigenous and Euro-American perspectives that provided significant insights into the history and the memory and legacy of the battle.
Individual and Collective Memory of World War II in the Pacific
Authors: McKinnon Jennifer F.
Published: September 2023

In June and July of 1944, the United States and Japan waged war on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands. This battle not only included those combatants, but also the largest Indigenous and civilian population yet encountered in the Pacific in World War II. Archaeology has real potential for expanding the narrative to include and even foreground Indigenous civilian perspectives. This chapter outlines an archaeological program that applied a community archaeology approach to understanding the battle through the examination of World War II–related caves. The memories uncovered and collected during the project is further examined through a theoretical model that explores scales of memory in World War II.
Eighteenth-Century Shipbuilding and Forestry Management
Authors: Gauthier-Bérubé Marijo , Thakar Heather B.
Published: September 2023

Ship construction is heavily impacted by socioeconomic and environmental factors which in return impacted the timber selection process. Through human behavioral ecology theory, prey choice model then provides an adequate framework for the interpretation of ship timbers, from the forest to the shipyard. This chapter develops the prey choice model in regards to the timber acquisition process with the case study of the Machault, a 1757 French frigate scuttled in Canada. The utilization of a high-level theoretical framework in shipwreck interpretation then provides the necessary context to discuss ships in term of trade-off in timber choice, resource optimality and suitability, and forestry management practices.
Reproductive and Social Aspects of Aging in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Parga Joyce A.
Published: September 2023

The primate aging literature is extensive, and as such, this chapter will be limited to how primate reproduction, sexual behavior, and social behavior change with aging. With regard to reproductive senescence, male and female primates have shown some similarities with humans as well as some notable differences. Studies have also documented differences in social behavior shown by aging primates, which may include such changes as decreased interaction with group members. Primates are such a diverse group that reproductive and social changes with aging can manifest differently in different species and may occur in some populations of a species yet be absent in others. The social benefits of reaching an advanced age for old individuals and their group members should not be overlooked, making aging a process that can come with advantages as well as disadvantages for older primates.
Biocultural Perspectives on Aging
Authors: Melby Melissa K. , Kansal Ankita , Nichter Mark
Published: September 2023

The human microbiome affects, and is affected by, biocultural and physiological factors including nutrition, metabolism, immunity, and mental health. The gut microbiome plays critical roles in inflammation, which influences how tissues, organs, and bodies age. Need for assisted care is often triggered by skeletal-related and brain-related conditions that are influenced by the microbiome gut-bone and gut-brain axis, respectively. Microbiome-mediated factors such as diet, exercise, and social connections are involved in healthy aging, as observed among the longest-lived populations. Anthropologically informed research focusing on microbiota that signal, buffer, and mediate events to sustain homeostasis may provide insights into sociocultural factors that influence behaviors and exposures that contribute to observed phenotypes in health and aging. Located at the interface of the human genome-environment entanglement, the microbiome illuminates how complex ecosocial interactions and systematic inequities become embodied over the life course, producing situated biologies with implications for healthy aging and well-being in diverse environments.
The Aging Body in Islam
Authors: Rinker Cortney Hughes
Published: September 2023

For some adults, the later stages of life involve a time of self-reflection and greater self-understanding, processes that can create prime conditions for religious development or the strengthening of one’s faith. This chapter provides an overview of how anthropology has addressed the intersection of religion and aging. Then it moves to a discussion of aging and Islam in the United States, illustrating how underlying capitalist and neoliberal values of the healthcare system can inform how religious principles are interpreted and put into practice. This part of the chapter will draw on ethnographic research conducted with Muslim patients, families, and healthcare providers at a hospital near Washington, D.C., and among religious leaders and communities to suggest that changes in the body that occur with advanced age coupled with approaches of American healthcare, prompted participants to reevaluate religious tenets and texts, their faith and belonging in the Muslim community, and their identities.
Dementia and the Divided Personhood in China
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines two different constructions of the personhood of people with dementia in Shanghai, China. People with aggressive dementia (or wu, in Chinese) have violent tendency and consequently have lost their personhood; in contrast, people with amenable dementia (or wen) have preserved their personhood. This division generates different strategies to deal with dementia: aggressive ones are easy to institutionalize while amenable ones are well-protected by their family caregivers at home. The folk understandings of dementia suggest that personhood is dynamic and behaviorally contingent in Chinese culture, which has the potential to evolve and devolve into a moral state between person and non-person.
Methodological Issues in Participatory Research with Older Adults
Authors: Schensul Jean J.
Published: September 2023

Most anthropological research on aging uses observations, in-depth interviews, narratives, and photovoice. These qualitative methods are essential for illustrating the voices of older adults and the meanings associated with aging. Quantitative methods tailored to specific settings showing systematic range of variation within and between populations of older adults are much less common. Though most anthropologists working with older populations recognize the need for “action” to remedy challenges faced by older adults, families, and caregivers, theory-driven interventions are rare in the anthropological literature on aging. This chapter discusses the importance of mixed methods research and interventions to engage older adults in study co-design, implementation, dissemination and use of research results. It also addresses issues such as the formation of research partnerships, collaborative research-action designs, building appropriate interventions, and participatory dissemination of research results. Throughout, examples are cited based on two decades of applied and participatory research on aging.
Home, Unhome, and Historical Archaeology
Authors: Sayers Daniel O.
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, a bipartite conceptual model of the homed and the unhomed is developed. For the homed, it is postulated that house, household, and home belonging are nested dimensions of human experiences of homedness. For the unhomed, unhouse, unhousehold and home unbelonging are nested dimensions of human experiences of unhomedness. The various dimensions of each are fleshed out in detail through use of archaeological and other ideas on the house, the household, the home and the homeless. A discussion of historical archaeological literature on pre–Civil War plantations, boardinghouses, Northern farmsteads, and the unhomed across time is provided that helps demonstrate the need for the model for archaeological research.
Introduction
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces and describes the ritual of Beating the Bounds and places it in the context of Senn, Nietzsche, and Vico. On the one hand, the chapter examines the criticism of Joycean excess in the writings of Wyndham Lewis and S. L. Goldberg; on the other, the Joycean tendency to exceed norms is placed in the context of the excesses of Oscar Wilde and Tamara Radak’s analysis of Joyce’s Encyclopedism. In addition, Joyce’s tendency to be carried away and exceed all norms is often, as Senn points out, countered by a tendency to capture dynamic drives in confining systems. This contradiction also produces alternate tendencies to expand beyond boundaries and to contract to the smallest points. The chapter also examines the role of riddles and puns in crossing boundaries. Finally, the chapter examines Joyce’s use of chiasmus—the trope of crossing—to cross boundaries and reconcile opposites.
Partitioned Irskaholm
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the struggle of Ireland to unite against the forces of division in terms of the partition of Ireland in 1921. On the one hand, this bounding line was another strategy of England to maintain political control; on the other hand, the ancient split between Conn’s Half and Mug’s Half and the geological boundary of the Esker Ridge suggest a much older tendency of Ireland to self-divide. The economic ascendency of Ulster was also an important factor in the partition of Ireland. While Ulster was capitalist and industrialized, the southern provinces were agricultural. The bellicosity of the north as opposed to easy-going nature of the south was another factor. The chapter also examines the Wake’s account of the unsuccessful attempts of Wolf Tone and Daniel O’Connell to create a united Ireland. Nevertheless, it concludes with the hope that Meath, the unifying and mystical fifth province of Ireland, will triumph over the forces of division which have kept Ireland a subjugated nation.
By the Light of Philophosy
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines analogues in the Wake to the attempts to establish boundaries in the early Wittgenstein as opposed to his later questioning of such boundaries. The Wake also undermines the clearly drawn boundaries of Aristotle’s law of the excluded middle with Bruno’s coincidence of contraries. In addition, the clearly drawn boundaries of Aristotle’s genus and species are blurred by the notion of fuzzy species. Darwin’s theory of evolution, Bergson’s philosophy of motion, change, and process, and Lovejoy’s notion of twilight zones and liminal spaces, all tended to break down these boundaries. The appearance in Ulysses and the Wake of liminal cases like bats, seals, and walruses illustrate this breakdown. Bart Kosco’s notion of fuzzy thinking which replaces the binary “either/or” with a shifting “more or less” also illuminates many passages in the Wake. Finally, the notion of vague areas and the sorites paradox which points out the difficulties of drawing a boundary between a heap and a non-heap further complicate the attempt to draw philosophical boundaries.
Geometry and Mother Mud
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines how the Wake’s attempts to clearly draw and measure geometrical boundaries is undermined in a variety of ways. On the one hand, the continuous measurements of geometry conflict with the discrete measurements of algebra and arithmetic. In addition, there is a continual conflict between mathematical mensuration and ALP’s inundations. While Newton’s doctrine of fluxions is presented as an antidote to ALP’s continual flow, it also changed the orientation of mathematics from the geometrical to the algebraic. The situation was further complicated by the discovery of irrational numbers and other incommensurables. Attempts to measure are also undermined by vague units of measurement, approximations, and rules of thumb. Finally, the Wake narrates how attempts to geometrize the urban landscape in the interests of economic and political control were undermined by various forms of urban sprawl.
Aesthetics Unbound
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines how Stephen’s aesthetic theory in which “a bounding line is drawn about the object to be apprehended” is undermined in various ways. On the one, the Wake illustrates how static objects apprehended from a fixed point of view are undermined by kaleidoscopic transformations. The Gothic, for example, can only be apprehended if the viewer continually changes viewpoints. In addition, dynamic art forms such as the baroque, cubism, and impressionism blur the boundaries between subject and background. The Wake also contrasts proponents of a clear bounding line William Blake and Michelangelo with proponents of blurring sfumato effects like Leonardo Da Vinci and Rembrandt. Finally, the Berkeley/Saint Patrick colloquy in the Wake dramatizes the conflict between a diatonism that clearly separates one object from another and a chromatism that blurs the boundaries between them.
From Boundless Void to Bounded World
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the appearance in the Wake of creation myths which describe how an unbounded creator submits to the boundaries of the material world or a divine androgyne is divided into male and female. On the one hand, the drawing of a bounding circle is the first cosmogonic act; on the other, the cosmic loneliness of the primordial One causes it to split into two gendered halves. The chapter also explores the Wake’s depiction of myths of a sleeping giant or watery chaos which must be circumscribed or bounded in order for life to emerge. The bounding line of the firmament that separates the upper from the lower is one of the first cosmogonic act. The imitation of bounding cosmogonic gestures also appears in the Wake in the context of rituals of marriage, healing, and even colonial appropriation. Finally, the danger of regressing back to chaos is countered by a need to reaffirm boundaries through ritual.
From Bounded World to Boundless Universe
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the collision of the bounded medieval world and the infinite universe of modern science. In the Wake, two of the main figures who contributed to the breakdown of the walled cosmos of the medieval mind were Nicholas of Cusa and Giordano Bruno; while the former rejected the notion of a finite universe bounded by the sphere of fixed stars, the latter asserted that there are no ends, limits, walls, or boundaries. The Wake also suggests how the advent of science shattered the correspondence between finite microcosm and infinite macrocosm, as Joyce, as Umberto Eco points out, pursued a path from ordered cosmos of scholasticism to the verbal image of an expanding universe—a path which included the rejection of teleology. Finally, HCE and Shaun both betray a nostalgia for the hierarchically ordered medieval world as it appears in the works of Pseudo-Dionysius.
Heritage Building and the Ethnic Divide in the Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania
Authors: Shackel Paul A.
Published: September 2023

Anthracite coal extraction developed in northeastern Pennsylvania’s in the early nineteenth century and by the late nineteenth an early twentieth centuries the industry attracted immigrants from eastern and southern Europe. Today the anthracite coal industry is nearly extinct, and the area is impoverished. There is now a new wave of immigrants coming from the Caribbean and South America to the region to work in low skilled jobs. The new Latinx community has brought new economic life to the region, although they have been confronted with racist attitudes by the descendant community and its politicians. They see the newcomers bringing a new language and customs as well as influencing the way the region will memorialize anthracite heritage. The Anthracite Heritage Program, based in the University of Maryland, focuses on the region’s archaeology and works with students from diverse backgrounds from the local high school and NGOs. It is part of a larger movement to include the new immigrants in discussions of heritage building. By developing an interpretive message that emphasizes universal values related to the historic and contemporary immigration experience it works to create a platform that bridges the differences between the newcomers and the descendant community.