bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF THE VITALITY OF CENOPOPULATIONS OF HOLOSTEUM GLUTINOSUM (M. BIEB.) FISCH. & C.A. MEY. (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) IN THE ECOTONE SYSTEM “WATER-LAND” OF THE COAST OF THE CHOGRAI RESERVOIR
Authors: Lidzhieva Nina Ts. , Shaglinov Pavel A. , Ubushaeva Saglara V. , Ulanova Svetlana S. , Badmaev Konstantin A.
Published: July 2023

Background. The assessment of the structure of cenopopulations of early spring juveniles can be used during the organization of biological monitoring at the population level. Such information is also applicable in assessing the situation in coastal ecosystems, for forecasting and reducing the risk of their violations.

Purpose. Analysis of the viability of Holosteum glutinosum cenopopulations to characterize their stability in plant communities of the “water-land” ecotone system of the coast of the Chograi reservoir.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2021 in five coenopopulations of H. glutinosum growing in plant communities located in the structural blocks of the ecotone.

The vital spectrum of populations was obtained by the method of Yu.A. Zlobin [3, 10, 18], the vital type - using the Q criterion [3], the vitality of populations – based on the analysis of the vital index IVC [3], the degree of prosperity or depression of populations - the IQ index [4].

Results. During the four-year study period, in 5 populations of H. glutinosum, regardless of their localization in the ecotone, the value of the Q index exceeds the frequency of individuals of the lowest class of vitality, therefore they are classified as the “thriving” vital type.

The value of the vitality indices for the entire period of the study is greatest in the cenopopulation No. 1, located in the fluctuation block. The first peak of the increase in vitality occurred at coenopopulation No. 1 in the fluctuation, the second – at coenopopulation No. 4 in the marginal ecotone blocks.

Conclusion. The coenopopulations of H. glutinosum in the ecotone had a vital type of “thriving”. Analysis of the dynamics of vitality in the coenopopulations of H. glutinosum revealed that the conditions prevailing in the communities of fluctuation and marginal ecotone blocks provide the greatest vitality of populations No. 1 and No. 4.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION IN THE TROOPS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Naumov Petr Y. , Kholikov Ivan V.
Published: July 2023

Background. At present, due to political, military-technical, socio-economic and organizational factors, the organization of medical support for military personnel (employees) and their families is an urgent task for scientists and practitioners. An important direction in the provision of social guarantees in the field of medical support is the conduct of a military medical examination of military personnel and members of their families to resolve issues of determining the category of fitness for military service, establishing a causal relationship, resolving issues of the possibility of living in certain areas and resolving other issues.

Materials and research methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the authors’ reliance on systematic, comparative legal and integrated approaches. To achieve the goal and solve the problems of the study, the authors used a set of modern methods for cognizing the phenomena of social and legal reality: systemic, interdisciplinary and complex analysis and synthesis of its results, conceptualization, abstraction, analogy, deductive and comparative legal methods and theoretical generalizations.

Results and conclusions. The article discusses the content of the legal framework for the implementation of military medical expertise in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. Characteristics of the constitutional norms and norms of federal legislation in the field of military medical expertise are given, characterizing the requirements of regulatory legal acts that regulate these legal relations are considered. Individual legal and technical inaccuracies are pointed out, which can be improved by bringing departmental documents in line with acts of a higher power. The results of the study can be used when writing scientific papers in the field of medical and military law, as well as in the pedagogical process in the implementation of educational programs in the organization of healthcare and in the field of jurisprudence.
A comprehensive nonoperative treatment protocol for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants
Authors: Bradley Catharine S. , Verma Yashvi , Maddock Connor L. , Wedge John H. , Gargan Martin F. , Kelley Simon P.
Published: August 2023

Aims

Brace treatment is the cornerstone of managing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), yet there is a lack of evidence-based treatment protocols, which results in wide variations in practice. To resolve this, we have developed a comprehensive nonoperative treatment protocol conforming to published consensus principles, with well-defined a priori criteria for inclusion and successful treatment.

Methods

This was a single-centre, prospective, longitudinal cohort study of a consecutive series of infants with ultrasound-confirmed DDH who underwent a comprehensive nonoperative brace management protocol in a unified multidisciplinary clinic between January 2012 and December 2016 with five-year follow-up radiographs. The radiological outcomes were acetabular index-lateral edge (AI-L), acetabular index-sourcil (AI-S), centre-edge angle (CEA), acetabular depth ratio (ADR), International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) grade, and evidence of avascular necrosis (AVN). At five years, each hip was classified as normal (< 1 SD), borderline dysplastic (1 to 2 SDs), or dysplastic (> 2 SDs) based on validated radiological norm-referenced values.

Results

Of 993 infants assessed clinically and sonographically, 21% (212 infants, 354 abnormal hips) had DDH and were included. Of these, 95% (202 infants, 335 hips) successfully completed bracing, and 5% (ten infants, 19 hips) failed bracing due to irreducible hip(s). The success rate of bracing for unilateral dislocations was 88% (45/51 infants) and for bilateral dislocations 83% (20/24 infants). The femoral nerve palsy rate was 1% (2/212 infants). At five-year follow-up (mean 63 months (SD 5.9; 49 to 83)) the prevalence of residual dysplasia after successful brace treatment was 1.6% (5/312 hips). All hips were IHDI grade I and none had AVN. Four children (4/186; 2%) subsequently underwent surgery for residual dysplasia.

Conclusion

Our comprehensive protocol for nonoperative treatment of infant DDH has shown high rates of success and extremely low rates of residual dysplasia at a mean age of five years.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):935–942.
Anti-progressive conditions for the functioning of enterprises; innovation in the opinion of producers of technical means of agricultural transport – the context of its implementation and its barriers
Authors: Niewiadomski Przemysław , Nogalski Bogdan , Szpitter Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The subject of the study is the issue of innovation, or more precisely, an attempt to present potential barriers preventing or limiting its implementation. The main objective of the research is to identify key anti-innovation factors (composition of key barriers) and to rank them (enterprise self-evaluation).

Material and methods

The above objectives resulted in detailed tasks including an in-depth literature search, verification of available expert knowledge and research of a representative group of entities. The research was carried out by defining a set of the most important barriers to innovation. This enabled further exploration of the issue as part of the work on the method, expert discussions and in-depth sectoral analysis (agricultural machinery - technical means of agricultural transport).

Results

The results confirmed that the adopted research method concept is a helpful evaluation instrument. Conclusions developed as part of the surveyed entities' assessment, related to anti-innovation determinants, proved to be important for the final decisions. Theoretical and empirical considerations were based on the formulated research hypothesis and the assumptions constituting the starting point. Although the research field has been narrowed down to the agricultural machinery sector, attention has been paid to the cognitive value of work in relation to other sectors of the economy.

Conclusions

In the context of the conducted research, a catalog of barriers that significantly affect the implementation of innovations was indicated. An important point on the development map of the surveyed enterprises will be meeting the challenges related to the barriers' elimination. It is on the part of enterprises to take appropriate actions aimed at increasing efficiency and creating new management models.
Death of the complainant and examination of the constitutional complaint in view of the Constitutional Tribunal (CT)'s decision of 21 January 2020 (file. no.: Ts 68/18)
Authors: Mamiński Marcin Maria , Śmiałek Paweł
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue related to the examination of a constitutional complaint in the situation of the subsequent death of the person who brought the complaint from the perspective of the general legal interest related to its examination and the objectives associated with the examination of the complaint by the Constitutional Tribunal (CT).

Material and methods

To fully discuss the analysed matter, the dogmatic method, the comparative legal method, and - to a small extent - the historical method were used.

Results

According to the Constitutional Court, the distinctiveness characterizing the proceedings regarding a constitutional complaint in relation to judicial proceedings is significant enough to justify very cautious application of grounds for suspension or discontinuation of the proceedings. Adopting a different stance would greatly limit the ability to fulfill the primary function of proceedings before the Court in examining the constitutionality of legal provisions.

Conclusions

The death of the complainant should not close the way to constitutional justice. Constitutional review is aimed at protecting the rule of law and fundamental rights, therefore the Constitutional Tribunal should take steps to ensure that each complaint is thoroughly examined, regardless of the complainant's status.
The relevance of Catholic Social Teaching for building a better world - conflict with values promoted on social media
Authors: Banaszak Artur Michał
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The subject of this article is a kind of values conflict which arises between traditional principles and values, which are proposed, among others, by Catholic Social Teaching, and those often promoted by various influencers in social media. The aim is to demonstrate that the traditional values of Catholic Social Teaching are still relevant and important for building a better world within us and around us. Simultaneously, the goal is to show that these values are often contradicted to the the values promoted by social media.

Material and methods

The method of analyzing the sources of Catholic Social Teaching (bible, church's teaching, literature) and analyzing the content conveyed through social media messages (content in such social media as: Facebook, YouTube, Tik Tok) is used in this article.

Results

The result of this analysis shows the big conflict between traditional values given by Catholic Social Teaching with those promoted in social media by different influencers. In addition, the results shows the very negative impact of those values often given in social media.

Conclusions

The article concludes that in order to build a better world, it is necessary for the values proposed by Catholic Social Teaching to become the foundation of the value system embraced by members of society.
“Let us look at the immediate background of this young poet”: Langston Hughes and the Sociological Critique of Taste
Authors: Layne Louisa Olufsen
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Langston Hughes’s classic essay “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain” is commonly read as a defense of Black racial pride. I argue that it simultaneously performs a subtle but radical sociological critique of the Kantian paradigm of disinterested taste. “The Negro Artist and Racial Mountain” should therefore be read as a proto-sociology of literature that highlights the blind spot in regard to race often found in Bourdieusian frameworks. Hughes’s work can also provide the sociology of literature today with alternative models for thinking about the entanglement of taste, class, and power, and for conceptualizing aesthetic autonomy.
Much Ado about Something: Re-thinking the Right to Development
Authors: Udombana Nsongurua
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: This article revisits the right to development (R2D) paradigm. It conceptualizes development using a rights-based model, noting the failure of the conventional paradigm that focuses one-sidedly on economic growth. It interrogates the dialectics on the existence of a R2D, with its correlative duty-bearers, under particular international law, with rigorous analysis of some global instruments. The article also interrogates the related concept of international cooperation under the UN Charter and other primary legal instruments. It notes the modest strides in the long advocacy for the recognition of a R2D but suggests a shift in the current paradigm in recognition of the multidimensional realities in the international landscape.
Reinhabiting Ecotopia: Weaving the Threads of People, Place, and Possibilities
Authors: Amster Randall
Published: July 2023

Abstract: In the face of escalating environmental and social crises, this essay explores how it might be possible to reweave the threads that connect people to one another, collectively to place, and jointly toward possible futures. Highlighting the potential of a renewed human-environment interface across a range of perspectives and illustrations, and drawing upon concepts such as reinhabitation and practices of placemaking, it is considered here how making connections with people and places that might otherwise be taken for granted can help foster more grounded experiences and cultivate imaginations at the same time. Confronting apparent assertions from some quarters that humankind must move further away from “nature” to address current crises, the central aim of this intervention is to examine how a commitment toward deeper engagement with the world around us can stoke aspirations and attitudes for positive change.
Optical transmitter fingerprint construction and identification based on chaotic phase space reconfiguration
Authors: Yu Meitong , Wang Hongxiang , Ji Yuefeng
Published: August 2023

An optical transmitter identification scheme based on optical chaotic phase space reconfiguration for secure communication is proposed to target injection attacks in the physical layer of optical networks. First, a feature fingerprint construction method based on reconfigured phase space of optical chaos is proposed. Then the fingerprint is controlled by the feedback intensity and filtering bandwidth of chaos. The in-phase and quadrature-phase encryption (IQE)/decryption (IQD) ensures the loading of fingerprints and realizes the confidential communication. In the experiment, the recognition rate of three transmitters is up to 99.3%. In the simulation, the recognition rate of five optical transmitters reaches 100% after 600 km transmission. The bit error rate of 25 GBaud QPSK signal after 300 km transmission at 25 dB OSNR is 1.6 × 10−3. Compared with the traditional optical transmitter identification methods, the fingerprint of this scheme is controllable. The IQE and IQD not only realize the chaotic fingerprint loading but also ensure the secure transmission of the signal avoiding the synchronization and time delay exposure problems in traditional chaotic communication systems. It is robust to device parameters, with low implementation difficulty and low cost. Therefore, this scheme has research and application value for secure communication in the physical layer of optical networks.
Convolutional symmetric compressed look-up-table method for 360° dynamic color 3D holographic display
Authors: Wei Jiahao , Wei Chenxiao , Ma Haowen , Pi Dapu , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu , Wang Yongtian , Liu Juan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a convolutional symmetric compressed look-up-table (CSC-LUT) method to accelerate computer-generated hologram (CGH) computation based on the Fresnel diffraction theory and LUT. The proposed method can achieve one-time high-quality fast generation of color holograms by utilizing dynamic convolution operation, which is divided three processes. Firstly, the pre-calculated data of maximum horizontal modulation factor is compressed in 1D array by coordinate symmetry. Then, the test object is resampled to satisfy convolutional translation invariance. Finally, the dynamic convolution operation is used to simplify CGH computation process rather than the point-by-point computation. Numerical simulation and optical experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve faster computation speed, higher reconstruction quality and wider application compared to conventional SC-LUT method. The further optimization method for parallel acceleration on the GPU framework can achieve real-time (>24fps) color holographic display corresponding to three perspectives of a 3D scene.
Characterising the broadband, wide–angle reflectance properties of black silicon surfaces for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Tyson Jack J. , Scheul Tudor E. , Rahman Tasmiat , Boden Stuart A.
Published: August 2023

Black silicon nanotextures offer significant optical performance improvements when applied to crystalline silicon solar cells. Coupled with conventional pyramidal textures, to create so–called hybrid black silicon, these benefits are shown to be further enhanced. Presented here is a comprehensive analysis of different variations of this texture, coupled with typical anti–reflectance schemes such as coated pyramids, with a view to the significance of this on subsequent, real–world, solar energy generation. The study uses an angle–resolved spectrophometry system to characterise and compare the optical properties of these surface textures in terms of reflectance versus wavelength and incident angle, with and without encapsulant layers. This analysis, coupled with time-resolved, location specific irradiance data, leads to a new figure-of-merit, the weighted reflectivity, with which to compare surface textures for use in solar cells. Weighted reflectivity for an encapsulated solar cell surface, averaged over a year, for a Southampton, UK, location is calculated to be 7.6% for hybrid black silicon, compared to 10.6% for traditional random pyramids with a thin film anti–reflective coating.
Formation and modulation of multi-pulse femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures by electromagnetic and partial differential equation simulations
Authors: Song Shijie , Zhang Peilei , Lu Qinghua , Wu Di , Shi Haichuan , Yan Hua , Liu Zhenyu , Sun Tianzhu , Huang Hanxuan , Li Ruifeng , Wang Qingzhao
Published: August 2023

In order to demonstrate the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), simulations were performed to investigate the effect of multiple femtosecond laser pulses with different laser energy densities on a Ti6Al4V surface. In this work, a set of partial differential equations calculating the electron and lattice temperature variations, followed by coupling with an electric field, is used to analyze the evolution of the periodic surface structure induced by the interaction of the femtosecond laser with the material. As the number of pulses increases, the surface structure of the material changes from none to produce LIPSS structure and from low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) structure to high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) structure. In order to compare the results, single-point laser scanning ablation experiments were carried out at femtosecond laser energy. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.
Towards a post-pandemic future for global pathogen genome sequencing
Authors: Ladner Jason T. , Sahl Jason W.
Published: August 2023

Pathogen genome sequencing has become a routine part of our response to active outbreaks of infectious disease and should be an important part of our preparations for future epidemics. In this Essay, we discuss the innovations that have enabled routine pathogen genome sequencing, as well as how genome sequences can be used to understand and control the spread of infectious disease. We also explore the impact of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the field of pathogen genomics and outline the challenges we must address to further improve the utility of pathogen genome sequencing in the future.
An improved long short term memory network for intrusion detection
Authors: Awad Asmaa Ahmed , Ali Ahmed Fouad , Gaber Tarek
Published: August 2023

Over the years, intrusion detection system has played a crucial role in network security by discovering attacks from network traffics and generating an alarm signal to be sent to the security team. Machine learning methods, e.g., Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbour, have been used in building intrusion detection systems but such systems still suffer from low accuracy and high false alarm rate. Deep learning models (e.g., Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM) have been employed in designing intrusion detection systems to address this issue. However, LSTM needs a high number of iterations to achieve high performance. In this paper, a novel, and improved version of the Long Short-Term Memory (ILSTM) algorithm was proposed. The ILSTM is based on the novel integration of the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of the LSTM algorithm. The ILSTM was then used to build an efficient intrusion detection system for binary and multi-class classification cases. The proposed algorithm has two phases: phase one involves training a conventional LSTM network to get initial weights, and phase two involves using the hybrid swarm algorithms, CBOA and PSO, to optimize the weights of LSTM to improve the accuracy. The performance of ILSTM and the intrusion detection system were evaluated using two public datasets (NSL-KDD dataset and LITNET-2020) under nine performance metrics. The results showed that the proposed ILSTM algorithm outperformed the original LSTM and other related deep-learning algorithms regarding accuracy and precision. The ILSTM achieved an accuracy of 93.09% and a precision of 96.86% while LSTM gave an accuracy of 82.74% and a precision of 76.49%. Also, the ILSTM performed better than LSTM in both datasets. In addition, the statistical analysis showed that ILSTM is more statistically significant than LSTM. Further, the proposed ISTLM gave better results of multiclassification of intrusion types such as DoS, Prob, and U2R attacks.
Impacts of COVID-19 on sexual risk behaviors, safe injection practices, and access to HIV services among key populations in Zambia: Findings from a rapid qualitative formative assessment
Authors: Parmley Lauren E. , Nkumbula Tepa , Chilukutu Lophina , Chelu Lazarus , Mulemfwe Chipili , Hanunka Brave , Mwale John , Neal Joyce , Handema Ray , Kasonde Prisca , Mutale Kennedy , Sakala Henry M. , Lahuerta Maria
Published: August 2023

Background

Despite achievements in the HIV response, social and structural barriers impede access to HIV services for key populations (KP) including men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women (TGW), and people who inject drugs (PWID). This may be worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic or future pandemic threats. We explored the impact of COVID-19 on HIV services and sexual and substance use behaviors among MSM/TGW and PWID in Zambia as part of a formative assessment for two biobehavioral surveys.

Methods

From November-December 2020, 3 focus groups and 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with KP were conducted in Lusaka, Livingstone, Ndola, Solwezi, and Kitwe, Zambia. Overall, 45 PWID and 60 MSM/TGW participated in IDIs and 70 PWID and 89 MSM/TGW participated in focus groups. Qualitative data were analyzed using framework matrices according to deductive themes outlined in interview guides.

Results

KP reported barriers to HIV testing and HIV treatment due to COVID-19-related disruptions and fear of SARS-CoV-2 exposure at the health facility. MSM/TGW participants reported limited supply of condoms and lubricants at health facilities; limited access to condoms led to increased engagements in condomless sex. Restrictions in movement and closure of meet-up spots due to COVID-19 impeded opportunities to meet sex partners for MSM/TGW and clients for those who sold sex. COVID-19 restrictions led to unemployment and loss of income as well as to shortages and increased price of drugs, needles, and syringes for PWID. Due to COVID-19 economic effects, PWID reported increased needle-sharing and re-use of needles.

Conclusions

Participants experienced barriers accessing HIV services due to COVID-19 and PWID attributed unsafe needle use and sharing to loss of income and lack of affordable needles during pandemic-related restrictions. To maintain gains in the HIV response in this context, strengthening harm reduction strategies and improvements in access to HIV services are necessary.
Neighborhood socioeconomic position, living arrangements, and cardiometabolic disease among older Puerto Ricans: An examination using PREHCO 2002–2007
Authors: Quashie Nekehia T. , García Catherine , Meltzer Gabriella , Andrade Flavia C. D. , Matos-Moreno Amílcar
Published: August 2023

Cardiometabolic diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide and are increasingly prevalent in rapidly aging populations. Neighborhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and living arrangements are increasingly recognized as important determinants of cardiometabolic health but have not been examined within Puerto Rico. This study examined the association between neighborhood SEP, living arrangements, and incidence of cardiometabolic conditions among island-dwelling older Puerto Ricans, using longitudinal data from the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project (Waves I 2002/03 and II 2006/07) linked with 2000 Census data for neighborhood-level conditions. Our sample consists of non-institutionalized adults aged 60 and older who remained in the same residence over both waves of data collection (N = 2,769). We used multilevel multinomial logistic regression models to examine the relationship between neighborhood SEP and the prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic disease. Findings show that residence in a socioeconomically advantaged neighborhood was positively associated with reporting having one cardiometabolic condition at baseline, but not associated with the incidence of cardiometabolic conditions at follow-up. Living without a partner was negatively associated with reporting having cardiometabolic conditions compared to living with a partner. Similar results were found for the incidence of cardiometabolic conditions. Living arrangements significantly modified the relationship between neighborhood SEP and cardiometabolic conditions. Compared to living with a partner, living alone in a socioeconomically advantaged neighborhood was associated with a reduced risk of reporting having one condition. Living with children in a socioeconomically advantaged neighborhood was associated with a reduced risk of developing one cardiometabolic condition than living with a partner. Living arrangements are more salient to cardiometabolic health than neighborhood SEP. Social programs and services focused on household composition and familial support are needed to identify older Puerto Ricans potentially at risk of underdiagnosed chronic conditions, especially as ongoing economic, demographic, environmental, and healthcare crises potentially exacerbate social inequalities.
Presence of sodefrin precursor-like factor pheromone candidates in mental and dorsal tail base glands in the plethodontid salamander, Karsenia koreana
Authors: DeBruin Jared H. , Wilburn Damien B. , Feldhoff Richard C. , Staub Nancy L.
Published: August 2023

Plethodontid salamanders are well known for their distinct courtship rituals and the associated pheromonal signaling. However, little is known about pheromones produced in the lone Asian plethodontid species Karsenia koreana. Here, we examined the localization patterns of proteins of the sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) pheromone system in K. koreana. Using an antibody generated against SPF proteins from another plethodontid, Desmognathus ocoee, we tested three types of skin glands in K. koreana males via immunohistochemistry: the mental gland and two types of dorsal tail base glands–caudal courtship glands and dorsal granular glands. SPF immunoreactivity was detected in the known courtship gland, the mental gland, as well as granular glands, but not in caudal courtship glands. Due to immunoreaction specificity, we hypothesize the proteins of the SPF system in K. koreana and D. ocoee are structurally and functionally related and are used as courtship pheromones in K. koreana. Also, we hypothesize that K. koreana males transmit SPF to the female during the tail-straddling walk via dorsal granular glands. Finally, K. koreana male caudal courtship glands may be producing SPF proteins that are not recognized by our SPF antibody or these glands may play a different role in courtship than anticipated.
HIV testing and its associated factors among female sex workers in Iran in 2020: Finding from a respondent-driven sampling survey
Authors: Tavakoli Fatemeh , Moradi Ghobad , Mirzazadeh Ali , Zarei Bushra , Sharifi Hamid
Published: August 2023

HIV testing uptake was around 70% among female sex workers (FSWs) in Iran in 2015. Due to the recognized importance of HIV testing in prevention, care, and treatment among FSWs, this study aimed to provide an update and also an improvement as it uses respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for the frequency and the correlates of HIV testing among FSWs in Iran. A total of 1,515 FSWs were recruited from eight cities in Iran between 2019–2020 using RDS. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. Also, rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) were used to determine HIV and syphilis status as per national guidelines. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore correlates of HIV testing in the last 12 months. Of 1,399 FSWs who had data for HIV testing, 44.7% (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 40.7; 48.7) reported HIV testing in the last 12 months. The odds of HIV testing in the last 12 months was higher among FSWs who used a condom at last sex with a non-paying partner (Adjusted OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.39; 2.27), never used alcohol (Adjusted OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.33; 2.23), ever used drug (Adjusted OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.22; 2.08). HIV testing among FSWs in Iran is considerably low. It is necessary to know the barriers to HIV testing to improve the cascade of HIV treatment in the country.
Headlines win elections: Mere exposure to fictitious news media alters voting behavior
Authors: Pfister Roland , Schwarz Katharina A. , Holzmann Patricia , Reis Moritz , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Kunde Wilfried
Published: August 2023

Repeatedly encountering a stimulus biases the observer’s affective response and evaluation of the stimuli. Here we provide evidence for a causal link between mere exposure to fictitious news reports and subsequent voting behavior. In four pre-registered online experiments, participants browsed through newspaper webpages and were tacitly exposed to names of fictitious politicians. Exposure predicted voting behavior in a subsequent mock election, with a consistent preference for frequent over infrequent names, except when news items were decidedly negative. Follow-up analyses indicated that mere media presence fuels implicit personality theories regarding a candidate’s vigor in political contexts. News outlets should therefore be mindful to cover political candidates as evenly as possible.
How Does the Representation of Psychosis in Joker (2019) Provide Stereotypes That Affect Society’s Attitude Toward Mental Illness?
Authors: Hubbard Ruby Ellen
Published: August 2023

This article explores how representation of psychosis may perpetuate stereotypes that negatively affect society’s attitude toward mental health. To investigate this premise an extensive range of secondary research from the fields of film, psychiatry, and psychology is applied to a textual film analysis of Joker (2019). The broader themes in Joker mimic many real-life concerns; for example, gun laws serve as a reminder of how dangerous inaccurate representation might be when mass shootings are dismissed as deeds of the “mad” rather than the “bad.”
The Rhythm of Images: Cinema Beyond Measure, Domietta Torlasco (2021)
Authors: Heiser Emily
Published: August 2023

Review of: The Rhythm of Images: Cinema Beyond Measure, Domietta Torlasco (2021)

Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 175 pp.,

ISBN: 1517910218 (pbk), $25.00, ISBN: 151791020X (hbk), $100.00
Wild Bill Wellman: Hollywood Rebel, William Wellman Jr. (2021)
Authors: McDevitt Joey
Published: August 2023

Review of: Wild Bill Wellman: Hollywood Rebel, William Wellman Jr. (2021)

Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 658 pp.,

ISBN: 9780813180939 (pbk), $29.95
Transmedia Directors: Artistry, Industry, and New Audiovisual Aesthetics, Carol Vernallis, Holly Rogers, and Lisa Perrott, eds. (2019)
Authors: Verley Dan
Published: August 2023

Review of: Transmedia Directors: Artistry, Industry, and New Audiovisual Aesthetics, Carol Vernallis, Holly Rogers, and Lisa Perrott, eds. (2019)

New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 528 pp.,

ISBN: 9781501341007 (pbk), $42.95, ISBN: 9781501339271 (hbk), $160.00, ISBN: 9781501339264 (epub/mobi), $38.65, ISBN: 9781501339288 (pdf), $38.65
Working Girls (1986)
Authors: Rogan Zoe
Published: August 2023

Review of: Working Girls (1986)

USA

Director Lizzie Borden

Runtime 93 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2021

Distributed by The Criterion Collection

(region A/1)
Bull Durham in 1 Frame
Authors: Goodison Carrie
Published: August 2023

Review of: Bull Durham in 1 Frame

Bull Durham (1988)

USA

Director Ron Shelton

Runtime 108 minutes

Blu-ray

USA, 2018

Produced and Distributed by The

Criterion Collection (region A/1)
Seeing what they want to see: An interview with Michael Bracewell
Authors: Loydell Rupert
Published: August 2023

Writer, novelist and cultural commentator Michael Bracewell was born in London in 1958 and educated at the University of Nottingham. He has written several novels and many works of non-fiction, including books about artists Gilbert & George and Richard Hamilton, and bands such as Roxy Music. England Is Mine: Pop Life in Albion from Wilde to Goldie () and When Surface Was Depth: Death by Cappuccino and Other Reflections on Music and Culture in the 1990s () were much more ambitious and wide-ranging volumes that roamed popular music, culture and society, whilst his 2021 title Souvenir: London, 1979–1986 was a more reflective book which intrigued by the way Bracewell wrote around music, without engaging directly with it. It was in response to Souvenir that I interviewed the author, although since my questions were sent to him he has not only helped bring the new Gilbert & George Centre in East London to completion, but also published a new novel, Unfinished Business.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СЕКРЕЦИИ ИНСУЛИНОПОДОБНОГО ФАКТОРА РОСТА У ДОЛГОЖИТЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Ильющенко А. К. , Мачехина Л. В. , Стражеско И. Д.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: изучить взаимосвязь уровня инсулиноподобного фактора роста1 (ИФР-1) и наличия наиболее

распространенных гериатрических синдромов в когорте долгожителей.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: это было обсервационное исследование, в рамках которого была изучена

когорта долгожителей центральной России. В рамках исследования проводился сбор анамнеза, оценка

гериатрического статуса с использованием гериатрических шкал и опросников для оценки наличия и выраженности гериатрических синдромов (SPPB, MNA, GDS-15, Bartel, IADL-C). Проводился забор образцов

крови для оценки инсулиноподобного фактора роста методом хемилюминесцентного иммуноферментного

анализа, интерпретация результатов проводилась в соответствии с референсными интервалами, предоставленными лабораторией. Статистический анализ данных проводился с помощью языков программирования R версии 4.1.3 и Python версии 3.9.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: в исследование было включено 3905 человек в возрасте от 90 до 107 лет, соответствующих критериям включения. Медиана возраста составила 92 года, медиана уровня ИФР-1 - 100 нг/мг

(min – 9,4 нг/мл, max – 331,3 нг/мл; Q1 - Q3 76,9 - 131,6 нг/мл). Низкий уровень ИФР-1 был рассчитан при

результате менее 30,6 нг/мл и был определен у 47 участников (1,2 %), у 69 участников (1,8 %) отмечался

высокий уровень ИФР-1 (более 208 нг/мл) и подавляющее большинство долгожителей имело нормальный

уровень инсулиноподобного фактора роста (3789 человек; 97%). Более низкие уровни ИФР-1 были ассоциированы с большей распространенностью таких гериатрических синдромов, как мальнутриция и депрессия

по сравнению с группой долгожителей с нормальным и высоким уровнем ИФР-1 (p<0,05).

ВЫВОДЫ: несмотря на то, что с возрастом уровень инсулиноподобного фактора роста снижается,

в группе долгожителей большинство имело нормальные значения. Кроме того, низкие уровни ИФР-1

были ассоциированы с большей выраженностью гериатрических синдромов. Необходимы дальнейшие

исследования по изучению связи уровней ИФР-1 и гериатрического статуса и влияния коррекции уровней

ИФР-1 на выраженность гериатрических синдромов у долгожителей.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ КЛИНИКО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ
МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО СИНДРОМА, ПЕРЕНЕСШИХ НОВУЮ КОРОНАВИРУСНУЮ ИНФЕКЦИЮ
Authors: Клестер Е. Б. , Клестер К. В.
Published: July 2023

На сегодняшний день установлено, что факторами риска развития новой коронавирусной инфекции

(НКИ) помимо пожилого возраста, являются метаболические заболевания, такие как ожирение, сахарный

диабет, артериальная гипертензия, неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, объединенные понятием «метаболический синдром» (МС). В тоже время, по литературным данным, НКИ в свою очередь, способствует

возникновению и утяжелению клинических проявлений МС. Аналогично восстановлению дыхательной

функции у лиц, перенесших НКИ, представляется актуальным анализ нарушений углеводного и липидного

обменов в отдаленном периоде после перенесенной острой НКИ.

ЦЕЛЬ: изучить в сравнительном аспекте динамику клинических и функциональных характеристик

метаболического синдрома у больных, перенесших НКИ.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: под наблюдением в терапевтическом отделении Краевого Государственного

Бюджетного Учреждения Здравоохранения «Городская поликлиника № 9» г. Барнаула в течение 12 месяцев

находилось 385 амбулаторных больных, которые были разделены на 2 группы: I группа – 55 больных без

МС, II группа – 330 больных с МС. При оценке распределения больных по полу большинство составляли

мужчины. Средний возраст пациентов I группы составил 65,2±11,1 лет, II группы – 63,7±9,8 лет (рI-II>0,05).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: НКИ выявлена у 15 (27,3%) больных I группы, у 169 (51,2%) больных II группы (рI-II<0,05).

Постковидный синдром (NICE, 2020) диагностирован у 6,7% пациентов I группы, у 34,3% пациентов II группы (р<0,05). Выявлена прямая сильная корреляционная связь возникновения пост-ковидного синдрома

с выраженностью нарушений углеводного обмена, таким как индекс висцерального ожирения и индекс

HOMA-IR (rИВО = 0,74; rиндекс НОМА-IR=0,72; p < 0,05). По большинству клинических и лабораторных показателей

отрицательная динамика сохранялась до 6 месяца с улучшением к 12 месяцу: уровень ХС ЛПВП и глюкозы

снизился, FFMI увеличился (р<0,05), однако число больных с высоким нормальным АД и артериальной

гипертензией статистически значимо увеличилось к 12 месяцу после перенесенной НКИ, достигая 92,4%

у пациентов II группы (р<0,05).

ВЫВОДЫ: НКИ чаще диагностирована у больных с МС, при наличии факторов риска: пожилой возраст,

ХОБЛ, ожирение, артериальная гипертензия. Пост-ковидный синдром выявлен у каждого третьего пациента

с МС на фоне ХОБЛ с положительной динамикой нарушение углеводного и липидного обменов к 12 месяцу

наблюдения. Артериальная гипертензия с развитием осложнений (диастолическая дисфункция, абдоминальное ожирение и ассоциированная НАЖБП) характеризовались неблагоприятным, прогрессирующим

течением у пациентов с МС в отдаленном периоде после перенесенной НКИ, что обусловливает необходимость раннего начала терапии коморбидной патологии.
ДОБРОКАЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ТРАНЗИТОРНАЯ ГИПЕРФОСФАТАЗЕМИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Фролова Е. Б. , Анушенко А. О. , Широкова И. В. , Варичкина М. А. , Казакова К. А.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: доброкачественная транзиторная гиперфосфатаземия (ДТГ) – преходящее повышение активности щелочной фосфатазы без клинических проявлений. Данный лабораторный феномен разрешается

в течение 2-4 месяцев, не требует лечения. Причина повышения активности щелочной фосфатазы не ясна.

Дифференциальная диагностика с симптоматической гиперфосфатаземией основана на отсутствии клинических указаний на холестаз или заболевание костной системы. Целью настоящего исследования является описание серии клинических случаев ДТГ и подтверждение доброкачественной природы данного

состояния по итогам динамического наблюдения.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: набраны 12 пациентов по критериям ДТГ: значимое повышение ЩФ при

любой сопутствующей патологии или без нее, возраст до 5 лет, отсутствие клинических и лабораторных

признаков заболеваний печени и костей, спонтанная нормализация уровня ЩФ в течение 4 мес с момента

выявления.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: группу составили 7 девочек, 5 мальчиков, возраст от 13 мес до 5 лет 4 мес (Ме=25 мес).

Уровень щелочной фосфатазы в группе варьировал от 890 до 60 000 (Ме=5200 Ед/л). У всех детей исследованы уровни кальция, фосфора, ГГТ, АЛТ, АСТ, вит D, ПТГ, выполнено УЗИ органов брюшной полости,

дополнительные исследования не выявили патологии (за исключением одного случая лекарственного

гипервитаминоза D). У 5 детей в период от 3 недель до 5 месяцев до выявления гиперфосфатаземии имело

место то или иное острое состояние (ОРИ, ОКИ, миалгия и т.п.). У 7 детей анализ был сдан в рамках диспансеризации.

Гиперфосфатаземия разрешилась в срок 1-3 месяца, медиана 2 месяца. Продолжительность катамнеза составила от 6 мес до 3,5 лет, медиана 3 года. Рецидивов гиперфосфатаземии выявлено не было.

Отклонений в функции печени, минеральном обмене, формировании опорно-двигательного аппарата

выявлено не было.

Двум детям до обследования в ГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» МЗ РФ выставлен диагноз «острый рахит»,

назначена терапия холекальциферолом в дозе 5-10 тыс МЕ/сут, на момент обследования в нашей клинике

у одного пациента отмечена бессимптомная передозировка вит D (уровень вит D более 100 нг/мл, кальций

общий – верхняя граница нормы).

ВЫВОДЫ: транзиторная гиперфосфатаземия имеет доброкачественные течение и прогноз, однако

побуждает выполнять ряд ненужных манипуляций, исследований и порой приводит к назначению неадекватной терапии. Истинная распространенность этого феномена неизвестна, в отдельных публикациях

она оценивается в 1-3% здорового детского населения. При соответствии случая критериям диагностики

ДТГ выжидательная тактики оптимальна.
ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТЬ СИНДРОМА СТАРЧЕСКОЙ АСТЕНИИ У ЖЕНЩИН С САХАРНЫМ
ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА ПОЖИЛОГО И СТАРЧЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Authors: Четверикова И. С. , Булгакова С. В.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: изучить встречаемость старческой астении у женщин пожилого и старческого возраста, страдающих сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД 2 типа).

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: одномоментное поперечное исследование включало 328 женщин в возрасте

от 65 до 87 лет, средний возраст 72,5 ± 2,4 лет, из них 169 человек не имели эндокринной патологии (группа

1) и 159 женщин страдали СД 2 типа (2 группа). Всем испытуемым проводили: антропометрические измерения (рост, масса тела, окружность талии), определение артериального давления, пульса, общего и биохимического анализа крови. Для диагностики синдрома старческой астении был применен опросник «Возраст

не помеха», согласно результатам которого в каждой из двух исследуемых групп были выделены 3 подгруппы: «крепкие пациенты», «пациенты с преастенией» и «пациенты с астенией». Биоимпедансный анализ

состава тела исследовали с помощью аппаратного комплекса «АВС-02 Медасс» (Россия). Статистическая

обработка результатов проводилась с использованием программного пакета SPSS 21.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: распространённость старческой астении и преастении среди обследуемых лиц старческого и пожилого возраста составила 89,0%, при этом доля пациентов с преастенией составила всего 34,75% от общего числа участников. Лица, страдающие СД 2 типа и имеющие преастению/астению

на 2,3-3,6 года моложе (p=0,034), чем пациенты без эндокринной патологии. При сравнении антропометрических параметров между 2 группами было выявлено, что в каждой исследуемой подгруппе окружность

талии у пациентов с СД 2 типа в среднем на 19 см больше, чем у лиц без эндокринной патологии (p<0,001),

при этом данный параметр также повышался в среднем на 6,7см в подгруппе людей, страдающих СД 2 типа

и астенией в отличие от группы «крепких пациентов» с СД 2 типа (р = 0,045). Женщины, имеющие астению/

преастению и страдающие СД 2 типа, в среднем весят на 7,5кг больше и имеют большую долю жировой

массы (в среднем на 7,86%), чем пациентки без СД 2 типа (p<0,001). Доля скелетно-мышечной массы в подгруппах «крепких» (45,45±0,70%) и пациентов с преастенией (43,37±0,77%) группы 1 была статистически значима выше, чем в аналогичных подгруппах группы 2 (41,46±0,66% и 40,84±0,70% соответственно, p=0,040).

Значение фазового угла в трех подгруппах лиц с СД 2 типа статистически был выше и составил в среднем

5,29 (p=0,017). При сравнении показателей биохимии крови наблюдалось достоверное повышение таких

параметров как глюкоза, гликированный гемоглобин, СОЭ (p<0,001) и мочевая кислота (p=0,016) в подгруппах с СД 2 типа.

ВЫВОДЫ: упревалирующего числа обследуемых женщин старческого и пожилого возраста были

выявлены старческая астения или преастения, при этом у пациенток, страдающих СД 2 типа старческая

астения встречается в более в раннем возрасте. Лица, страдающие СД 2 типа с преастенией/ астенией

имеют более неблагоприятные значения ряда антропометрических, биохимических и параметров биоимпедансного анализа.