bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antitumor effects of 9-oxo-10,12-ODAs on human cervical cancer cells: novel insights into CDK regulators and opportunities for cancer therapy
Authors: Mogi Kazumasa , Koya Yoshihiro , Yoshihara Masato , Sugiyama Mai , Miki Rika , Miyamoto Emiri , Fujimoto Hiroki , Kitami Kazuhisa , Iyoshi Shohei , Uno Kaname , Tamauchi Satoshi , Yokoi Akira , Shimizu Yusuke , Ikeda Yoshiki , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Niimi Kaoru , Yamakita Yoshihiko , Shibata Kiyosumi , Nawa Akihiro , Tomoda Yutaka , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Tano Sho
Published: August 2022

Mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 16 and 18 are causative agents of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. In Japan, eggplant calyx is a folk remedy used to treat common warts. 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid, isolated from eggplant calyx, may have antitumor effects. This study investigated the antitumor effects of 9-oxo-(10E, 12Z)-octadecadienoic acid and 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxo-ODAs) on human cervical cancer cells. 9-oxo-ODAs suppressed the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell lines (CasKi, HeLa, and SiHa) in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 25-50uM). FCM analysis revealed that 9-oxo-ODAs induced apoptosis. Transcriptome, proteomics, and enrichment analyses revealed that treatment with 9-oxo-ODAs significantly altered the cell cycle and p53 pathways and decreased cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) protein expression. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 9-oxo-ODAs reduced CDK1 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro, 9-oxo-ODAs reduced the HPV-related protein expression. In ex vivo human cervical cancer tissues, 9-oxo-ODAs decreased CDK1 expression and increased cleaved caspase 3, an apoptosis marker. Further, 9-oxo-ODAs suppressed metastatic formation and growth of cervical cancer in vivo. These findings suggest that 9-oxo-ODAs induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HPV-positive human cervical cancer cells, and this process involves CDK1. Consequently, 9-oxo-ODAs may be potential therapeutic agents for cervical cancer.
Porous Covalent Organic Polymer Coordinated Single Co Site Nanofibers for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Acids
Authors: Yang Bo-Long , Han Qing , Han Linkai , Leng Yiming , O'Carroll Thomas , Yang Xiaoxuan , Wu Gang , Xiang Zhonghua
Published: August 2022

Nitrogen-coordinated single-cobalt-atom electrocatalysts, particularly ones derived from high-temperature pyrolysis of cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), have emerged as a new frontier in the design of oxygen reduction cathodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their enhanced durability and smaller Fenton effects related to the degradation of membranes and ionomers compared with emphasized iron-based electrocatalysts. However, pyrolysis techniques lead to obscure active-site configurations, undesirably defined porosity and morphology, and fewer exposed active sites. Herein, a highly stable cross-linked nanofiber electrode was directly prepared by electrospinning using a liquid processability cobalt-based covalent organic polymer (Co-COP) obtained via pyrolysis-free strategy. The resultant fibers can be facilely organized into a free-standing large-area film with a uniform hierarchical porous texture and a full dispersion of atomic Co active sites on the catalyst surface. Focused ion beam-field emission scanning electron microscopy and computational fluid dynamics experiments confirmed that the relative diffusion coefficient was enhanced by 3.5 times, which can provide an efficient route both for reactants to enter the active sites, and drain away the produced water efficiently. As a result, the peak power density of the integrated Co-COP nanofiber electrode was remarkably enhanced by 1.72 times along with significantly higher durability compared with conventional spraying methods. Notably, this nanofabrication technique also maintains excellent scalability and uniformity, which are desired characteristics for assisting in membrane electrode assembly manufacturing for PEMFCs.
Oncologic Safety of Axillary Lymph Node Dissection with Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction
Authors: Guzzo Hope M. , Valente Stephanie A. , Schwarz Graham S. , ElSherif Ayat , Grobmyer Stephen R. , Cakmakoglu Cagri , Djohan Risal , Bernard Steven , Lang Julie E. , Pratt Debra , Al-Hilli Zahraa
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) at the time of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can reduce the incidence of lymphedema in breast cancer patients. The oncologic safety of ILR has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if ILR is associated with increased breast cancer recurrence rates. Methods: Breast cancer patients who underwent ALND with ILR from September 2016 to December 2020 were identified from a prospective institutional database. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and operative details were recorded. Follow-up included the development of local recurrence as well as distant metastasis. Oncologic outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 137 patients underwent ALND with ILR. At cancer presentation, 122 patients (89%) had clinically node positive primary breast cancer, 10 patients (7.3%) had recurrent breast cancer involving the axillary lymph nodes, 3 patients (2.2%) had recurrent breast cancer involving both the breast and axillary nodes, and 2 patients (1.5%) presented with axillary disease/occult breast cancer. For surgical management, 103 patients (75.2%) underwent a mastectomy, 22 patients (16.0%) underwent lumpectomy and 12 patients (8.8%) had axillary surgery only. The ALND procedure, yielded a median of 15 lymph nodes removed (range 3-41). At a median follow-up of 32.9 months (range 6-63 months) no axillary recurrences were identified. Conclusion: Immediate lymphatic reconstruction in breast cancer patients undergoing ALND is not associated with short term axillary recurrence and appears oncologically safe.
Removal of Benzene, MTBE and Toluene from Contaminated Waters Using Biochar-Based Liquid Activated Carbon
Authors: Alshahrani Fawaz , Tawabini Bassam , Saleh Tawfik , Alrayaan Mohammad , Alaama Subhi , Nasser Rayan , Soupios Panteleimon , Kirmizakis Panagiotis , Mahmoud Mohamed , Oyehan Tajudeen , Safi Eyad
Published: August 2022

Fuel compounds (BTEX) and fuel additives (MTBE) are pollutants frequently detected in groundwater resources. They may cause serious environmental and health issues and have to be removed from water before use. Ex-situ technologies such as air stripping, advanced oxidation and column adsoroption have been in use for years with different success rates. Recently, more attention has been given to the in-situ remediation methods using liquid/colloidal carbon adsorbents. However, limited studies were found on the use of these adsorbents for the removal of BTEX and MTBE from contaminated waters.Therefore, this study investigates the capacityof using raw biochar-based liquid activated carbon (LAC) and iron-modified biochar-based liquid activated carbon (LAC-Fe) in removing these pollutants. The LAC and Fe-LAC were coated on different host materials (i.e. sand, limestone, 1:1 mixutre of sand and limestone) and granular activated carbon (GAC) under lab-scale batch suspension-adsorption experiment. Results of the study revealed that coating LAC or LAC-Fe on subsurface materials has marginally improved the removal efficiency of MTBE, benzene and toluene but still below that of GAC which reached a removal of 80% for MTBE and more than 90% for BTEX. Results also showed that benzene and toluene were better removed by LAC and LAC-Fe (∼40%) than MTBE (∼20%). There were marginal effects of water chemistry (i.e. salinity and pH) on the removal efficiency of pollutants under the study conditions. The results indicate that more research work is needed to improve the capacity of biochar-based liquidactivated carbonin removing MTBE and BTEX compounds.
Development and Validation of a New Analytical Method for Determination of Linagliptin in Bulk by Visible Spectrophotometer
Authors: Sahloul Lujain , Salami Maisam
Published: August 2022

A simple, economical and specific analytical method have been developed for determining and validation Linagliptin (LNG) in bulk. This method is based on condensation reaction between a primary amine in LNG and aldehyde group in P-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (PDAB) to form the yellow Schiff base with a wavelength at 407 nm. The optimum experimental conditions for the formulation of the colored complex have been studied. The optimum conditions were 1 ml of 5% w/v reagent solution with methanol and distilled water as a solvent for both PDAB, LNG respectively, also adding 2 ml of HCl as an acidic medium, heating to 70 - 75℃ on a water bath for 35 minutes. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of reaction has been studied according to Job’s and Molar ratio method which was expressing 1:1 for LNG and PDAB. The researcher modified the method. The results show that the linearity in the concentration range (5-45 µg/ml) with correlation coefficient R² = 0.9989 with percent recovery (99.46 – 100.8%) and RSD was less than 2%, LOD and LOQ 1.5815 -4.7924 μg/ml respectively. This method can show a high quality and there is no significant interference with excipients and in pharmaceutical forms. None of the studies showed a developing of this method before.
The negative association between serum albumin and coronary heart disease risk in adults over 45 years old: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hou Xin-zheng , Liu En-qi , Liu Si-qi , Lv Hao , Cui Hua-feng , Han Jing
Published: August 2022

Objective: To explore the correlation between serum albumin and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in adults over 45 years old.Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the non-institutionalized US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2018) as the sample source. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between serum albumin and CHD risk. Smooth curve fitting was performed to explore the potential nonlinear relationship. When the non-linear relationship was found, a recursive algorithm was used to calculate the inflection points, and a piecewise logistic regression model was constructed.Results: After adjusting for confounders, multiple logistic regression and smooth curve fitting indicated an inverse association between serum albumin and CHD risk [ OR=0.970, 95%CI= (0.948, 0.992)]. Subgroup analysis found this negative correlation was statistically significant in the population of females, over 60 years old, with hypertension and without diabetes.Conclusion: There is a correlation between serum albumin and CHD risk. Lower serum albumin levels are associated with higher CHD risk.
Use of PNN and Post Stack Inversion to Predict Reservoir Characterization in the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt, Sapphire Field
Authors: Othman Adel , Metwaly Farouk , Fathy Mohamed , Salama Ahmed
Published: August 2022

We face the difficulty of describing the reservoir based on the availability of diverse seismic methods in complicated geologic settings with a high degree of heterogeneity in reservoir features, such as submerged channel complexes as in the Nile Delta province. However, a lack of available wells and seismic data makes using post-stack seismic inversion procedures the best way to predicate gas accumulation. The average correlation coefficient between synthetic and seismic data is 0.997, with a 7% error, demonstrating the value of model-based inversion, furthermore, because of its separate nonlinear interaction with conventional seismic characteristics and seismic inversion products, quantitative prediction of water saturation (Sw) from seismic. Water saturation prediction away from the well is critical for effectively identifying reservoirs. As a result, probabilistic neural network (PNN) analysis has become popular. Using full-stack seismic and Sw logs, (PNN) analysis was used to forecast Sw, Vsh, and Фeff 3D volume. We used the proposed neural network approach to late Pliocene gas sandstone reservoirs, Sapphire field, in the West Delta deep marine (WDDM) concession, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt, in this case, study. The discovered volume indicates a high volume of gas and condensate on numerous channel levels.
New logarithm-based discrimination formulas for differentiating thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy
Authors: Shuang Xiao , Zhenming Wang , Zu Mei , Si Sun , Li Zuo
Published: August 2022

Background: Thalassemia trait (TT) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most common conditions of microcytic hypochromic anemia (MHA) in pregnant women. Accurate discrimination between TT and IDA is an important issue, and better methods are urgently needed. Although considerable RBC formulas and indices have been developed since 1973, distinguishing between IDA and TT is still a challenging problem due to the diversity of various anemic populations. To address this problem, we assessed the diagnostic function of 43 different differential formulas in patients with microcytic anemia by using accuracy measures and recommending a new log-based differential formula.Methods: The data of 430 pregnant women (229 with TT and 201 with IDA) were enrolled, and 44 formula performances were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: The newly introduced logarithm-based formula XS-1 performs better than the general discriminant index with sensitivity and specificity of 82.10 and 89.05, which are better than other formulas. In the pregnant population, the Shine and Lal and Roth..SVM. formulas have shown excellent performance, while other formulas showed poorer discriminative abilities in our study than in the original authors.Conclusion: The logarithm-based formula XS-1 can be used to screen thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Considering the particularity of pregnancy, medical personnel in different regions should choose a screening formula similar to that of the local region and population when identifying thalassemia in pregnancy. Any formula should be independently verified locally before use. For the convenience of the health care team and experimental scientists, a web-based tool has been established at http://yyy.yiyiy.top:28992/XS-1/ by which users can easily get their desired screening test result without going through the underlying mathematical and computational details.
Rough set driven feature selection and rule based medical data classification approaches based on MapReduce computing framework
Authors: BHUKYA HANUMANTHU , M Sadanandam
Published: August 2022

The current study proposes an alternative strategy for managing huge and intricate datasets by integrating a number of information removal strategies, including Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS), Best-First Search (BFS), and Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA). The goal of this learning is to improve the classifier's classification presentation by removing uncorrelated or unpredictable information values. The planned approach, dubbed CFS-DRSA, entails numerous stages. The operations are carried out sequentially, with two critical feature extraction techniques applied throughout the process's initial phases. Data reduction can be accomplished in the first phase by utilising both the CFS approach and the BFS algorithm. Second, a DRSA is used with a data selection technique to get the most optimal dataset possible for the circumstance. As a result, the investigation's primary objective is to identify a solution to the problem. Machine learning techniques can be used to increase classification precision while minimising calculation time. By including a variety of characteristics and volumes into the design, the experimental strategy was used to authenticate the planned technique. It was able to demonstrate the method's dependability and reliability using widely used assessment methodologies. When compared to other well-known methods, such as deep learning, this is very remarkable (DL). On the overall, the concept is advantageous because it has been demonstrated to aid the classifier in accurately re occurring a relevant result. When applied to incessant value datasets in which the information opinions do not contain any period info and are potentially inaccurate and unclear, the suggested model CFS-DRSA is effective. To validate the performance of the CFS-DRSA technique, a detailed experimental analysis is carried out and the experimental result highlights the betterment of the CFS-DRSA technique.
Automated Whole Slide Image Analysis for a Translational Quantification of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Serdjebi Cindy , Bertotti Karine , Huang Pinzhu , Wei Guangyan , Badlani Disha , Leclercq Isabelle A. , Barbes Damien , Lepoivre Bastien , Popov Yury V. , Julé Yvon
Published: August 2022

Current literature highlights the need for precise histological quantitative assessment of fibrosis which cannot be achieved by conventional scoring systems, inherent to their discontinuous values and reader-dependent variability. Here we used an automated image analysis software to quantitate fibrosis deposition in two relevant preclinical models of liver fibrosis, and established correlation with other quantitative fibrosis descriptors. Longitudinal quantification of liver fibrosis was carried out during progression of post-necrotic (CCl4-induced) and metabolic (HF-CDAA feeding) models of chronic liver disease in mice. Whole slide images of picrosirius red-stained liver sections were analyzed in fully automated, unsupervised manner by our software. Fibrosis was characterized by a significant increase of collagen proportionate area (CPA) at weeks 3 (CCl4) and 8 (HF-CDAA) with a progressive increase up to week 18 and 24, respectively. CPA was compared to collagen content assessed biochemically by hydroxyproline assay (HYP) and standard histological staging systems. CPA showed a high correlation with HYP content for CCl4 (r = 0.8268) and HF-CDAA (r = 0.6799) models. High correlations were also found with Ishak score or its modified version (r = 0.9705) for CCl4 and HF-CDAA (r = 0.9062) as well as with NASH CRN for HF-CDAA (r = 0.7937). Such correlations support the use of automated digital analysis as a reliable tool to evaluate the dynamics of liver fibrosis and efficacy of antifibrotic drug candidates in preclinical models.
Comparison of Color Selecting methods’ reliability, including visual evaluation, Intraoral Scanning, and photography (SLR camera and smartphone)
Authors: Atri Faezeh , memarian maryam , rahmani faraz , pirooz parsa
Published: August 2022

Statement of problem. Given the grave importance of color selection in prosthetic dentistry, finding the most reliable method and easing the burden of unsatisfied outcomes in aesthetic dentistry is necessary. There is a lack of adequate evidence to strictly back one of the existing methods, resulting in confusion and indecisiveness among dental professionals.Purpose. This diagnostic test study aimed to recognize the best method of color selection out of the three most common ones (visual assessment, intraoral scanning, and photography) by determining and comparing their reliability.Material and methods. Twenty-six participants with nearly-fine maxillary right first incisors (without any sign of dental wear, pigmentation, or enamel anomaly) were selected among 20 to 40-year-old patients. The colors of the respective teeth were determined by visual assessment of three expert evaluators, intraoral scanning, and photography (by two different means: SLR camera and smartphone). These determination methods were performed twice with a two-week gap. The reliabilities of the mentioned methods were examined and compared using the ICC (Interclass correlation coefficient) test (significance level=0.05).Results. The study findings showed us a significant difference between various means of color selection (p<0.05). Reliability measures are as follows: 92.3% for intraoral scanning, 61.5% for visual evaluation, 15.4% for SLR cameras, and 7.7% for smartphone cameras. Despite the promising results supporting the visual evaluation method, poor interpersonal reliability was reported.Conclusions. Using intraoral scanners to determine the tooth’s actual color is the most reliable method, followed by the visual evaluation technique. Using photographic pictures is the least reliable one regardless of the capturing tools.
A proposed five level inverter for transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected applications
Authors: El-Menofy Ghada , Osheba Dina S. , El-Kholy Elwy E. , El-Hefnawy Abbas
Published: August 2022

The transformerless inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system has been an increasing interest from researchers because of the benefits of smaller size, lower cost and higher efficiency compared with the ones which have transformer. However, the leakage current which resulting in transformerless inverter because of the absence of galvanic isolation must be eliminated. In this study, a novel single-phase transformerless multilevel inverter for grid-tied PV systems is proposed. The proposed inverter can reduce the leakage current. A suitable sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) is modified to utilize with the proposed inverter to produce five-level output voltage. The structure of the new circuit and its principle of operation with the modified modulation strategy are illustrated in this paper. A simulation of the proposed inverter included in grid-tied PV system with a convenient control system have been built in MATLAB/Simulink software to verify the theoretical explanations. Finally, a prototype is tested to verify the theoretical analysis and main contributions of the study.
Metal salts assisted thermoplastic polymer NIPAM in-situ carbonization on porous silica microspheres surface
Authors: Fan Chao , Liang Xiaojing
Published: August 2022

The unique structure of porous Silica@Carbon (Sil@C) microspheres not only can provide larger surface area and active site, but also have the characteristics of high mechanical strength and easy modification. However, the preparation of different carbon-shell morphology microspheres and controllable operation of surface area via using polymers as carbon source was still a challenge. Herein, we report a simple method to in-situ fixation a series of different morphology graphitized carbon shell (rosa roxburghii, bulk, and carbon sphere shapes) on porous silica microspheres surface. The heat released by metal salts at high temperature will not only prepare graphitized carbon with different morphology on silica surface, but also facilitate the in-situ carbonization of thermoplastic polymer on the surface of cabinet without entering silica internal pores. This experimental method provided an experimental theoretical basis to prepared Sil@C microspheres with controllability of carbon-shell morphology and surface area.
Optimization and Validation of a Quick and Responsive LC-ESI-MS/MS Method to Evaluate Tetracyclines Residues in Processed Animal Proteins (PAPs)
Authors: Morello Sara , Pederiva Sabina , Avolio Rosa , Squadrone Stefania , Abete Maria Cesarina , Marchis Daniela
Published: August 2022

Background
Following the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in 2001, processed animal proteins (PAPs) reintroduction is envisaged in non-ruminant feed thanks to their high protein content, easy availability and cost-effective characteristics. PAPs must be submitted to rendering practices, providing sterilization of products, under standardized conditions of temperature and pressure, according to Regulation (EC) No 142/2011. However, the chemical risk associated to these raw materials has been never evaluated. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination and quantification of tetracycline residues in PAPs at µg kg− 1 level.
Methods
The LC-MS/MS method performances were evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity (25–500 µg kg− 1), limit of quantitation (LOQ) (25 µg kg− 1), accuracy and precision (CV% <25%), uncertainty, recovery (80–120%) and ruggedness.
Results
All the evaluated parameters fulfilled the analytical performance criteria and the validated LC-MS/MS method fits for purpose as confirmatory method on the occurrence of residues (µg kg− 1) of TCLs in PAPs.
Conclusions
PAPs are a powerful product which could be used both as raw material in feed and in organic fertilizer production in a circular economy context. Therefore the lack of regulation and control over antibiotics occurrence should be implemented to avoid a misuse and an increment of antibiotic resistance pressure over the environment and to ensure safety of the feed and food chain.
Using Advanced Technologies for Neurodegenerative diseases detection at national level
Authors: Rocha Nelson , Cruz Vítor Tedim , Pais Joana , Aguiar Rui
Published: August 2022

As our society ages, neurodegenerative diseases become more important. Timely diagnosis of these diseases has a large impact on the efficacy of delaying treatments, and increasingly this diagnosis must become easier and lower cost, to be applied to more patients. In this paper we propose a nation-wide monitoring system, based on a cloud based approach supported over 5G networks. This system relies on a web-platform, named Brain Diagnosis, that resort to several serious games clinically validated to determine the performance of various cognitive functions, and been developed as a cognitive screening tool of the individuals in the community for early neurodegenerative detection. We describe the system view, infrastructure requirements at home and for the hospital remote support, communication system requirements, and software support required. We further discuss the validation process, and discuss the viability of Brain Diagnosis as a self-administrated instrument for continuous cognitive screening. The paper will finalize with an overall analysis of a national system aiming to deploy a neurological tracking infrastructure able to track large population effects, such as those expected from COVID19.
A Survey on Federated Learning PoisoningAttacks and Defenses
Authors: Liang Junchuan , Wang Rong
Published: August 2022

As one kind of distributed machine learning technique, federated learning enables multiple clients to build a model across decentralized datacollaboratively without explicitly aggregating the data. Due to its abilityto break data silos, federated learning has received increasing attentionin many fields, including finance, healthcare, and education. However,the invisibility of clients’ training data and the local training process result in some security issues. Recently, many works have beenproposed to research the security attacks and defenses in federatedlearning, but there has been no special survey on poisoning attacks onfederated learning and the corresponding defenses. In this paper, weinvestigate the most advanced schemes on federated learning poisoningattacks and defenses and point out the future directions in these areas.
Motivation and job satisfaction of community health workers in Ethiopia: A mixed-methods approach.
Authors: Ejigu Yohannes , Abera Netsanet , Haileselassie Werissaw , Berhanu Negalign , Haile Biniyam Tadesse , Nigatu Frehiwot , Tewfik Nurhan , Kiflie Yibeltal , Medhin Girmay , Walelign Fasil , Demissie Mekdes , Tigabu Setegn , Taddesse Daniel , Dadi Tegene Legese , Teklu Alula
Published: August 2022

Background: Ethiopia has been providing health care to its rural population since 2004 using female Community Health Workers called Health Extension Workers (HEWs). The HEWs are credited with several achievements in improving the country's health indicators. However, information about the HEWs' motivation and job satisfaction is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the HEWs' motivation and job satisfaction, as well as the factors that influence them. Methods: A mixed-methods study was nested within a national health extension program assessment conducted from March 01 to May 31, 2019. A structured questionnaire which looked at motivation and satisfaction with Likert type single-question and multiple-item measures was used to collect quantitative data from 584 HEWs. Focus group discussion and in-depth interviews were used to gather qualitative data. Means and percentages were used to descriptively summarize important variables. Linear regression was used to identify factors associated with job satisfaction. The qualitative data was analysed thematically. Result: Overall, 48.6% of HEWs were satisfied with their jobs, with a mean score of 2.5 out of 4.0. The result showed a high level of satisfaction with autonomy (72%), relationships with co-workers (67%), and recognition (56%). Low level of satisfaction was linked to pay, and benefits (13%); opportunities for promotion (29%); and education (34%). Regression analysis showed that HEWs in the age category of 30 years and older had lower satisfaction scores as compared to HEWs in the age category of 18 to 24 years (adjusted β = -7.71, 95% CI: -14.42, -0.99). The qualitative result revealed that desire to help the community, recognition or respect gained from the community, and achievement were the major motivating factors. In contrast, inadequate pay and benefit packages, limited education and career advancement opportunities, workload, work environment, limited supportive supervision, and absence of opportunity to change workplace were the demotivating factors.Conclusion: The overall job satisfaction of HEWs was low; extrinsic factors, such as inadequate pay and benefits, limited education, and career advancement opportunities were the major sources of demotivation. Policy makers and human resource managers should revise their human resource policies and guidelines to address the main sources of low level of job satisfaction and demotivation.
Study of the inflammatory activating process in the early stage of Fusobacterium nucleatum infected PDLSCs
Authors: Feng Qiang , Wang Yushang , Wang Lihua , Sun Tianyong , Shen Song , Li Zixuan , Ma Xiaomei , Gu Xiufeng , Zhang Xiumei , Peng Ai , Xu Xin
Published: August 2022

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is the early pathogenic colonizer of periodontitis, while the host response to this pathogen infection remains unclear yet. In this study, we built the F. nucleatum infectious model with human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and showed that F. nucleatum could inhibit proliferation, facilitates apoptosis, ferroptosis, and inflammatory cytokines production in a dose-dependent manner. F. nucleatum adhesin FadA acted as a proinflammatory virulence factor and increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. Further study showed FadA could bind with PEBP1 to active Raf1-MAPK and IKK-NF-κB signaling pathways. Time-course RNA-sequencing analyses showed the cascade of gene activation process of PDLSCs with the increasing duration of F. nucleatum infection. NFκB1 and NFκB2 were up-regulated since 3 h of F. nucleatum-infection and time serially elevated the inflammatory related genes on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Using computational drug repositioning analysis, we predicted and validated that two potential drugs (piperlongumine and fisetin) could attenuate the negative effects of F. nucleatum-infection. Collectively, this study unveils the potential pathogenic mechanisms of F. nucleatum and the host inflammatory response at the early stage of F. nucleatum-infection.
Experimental study on uniaxial creep characteristics of sandstone with pre-peak unloading damage
Authors: Liang Zhonghao , Ji Peizhi , Zhang Yifan , Qin Nan , Huang Qiming , Yu Zhuoqun
Published: August 2022

Deep resource extraction is subjected to the complex geological environment of "three highs and one disturbance" for a long time. The surrounding rocks experience strong unloading stress disturbance during the underground resource extraction. The creep characteristics of the perimeter rocks are of great theoretical and practical value. Firstly, the triaxial pre-peak loading and unloading tests on the prepared samples are conducted on the intact rock samples using the TAW-200 rock mechanics test system. Then the rock samples with different degrees of pre-peak unloading damage are prepared under the condition of pre-peak yield. Then uniaxial creep tests were carried out to study the uniaxial creep mechanical properties. The results show that the wave velocities of the damaged rock samples are reduced to different degrees compared with those of the intact rock samples; The creep of the pre-peak unloading damaged rock has a time-dependent damage effect, and the study results are similar to those of the conventional uniaxial creep test of the white sandstone. The instantaneous strain at all stress levels of the damaged rock samples increased gradually with the stress level, and all conformed to the non-linear functional relationship; based on the time-dependent damage effect. The two-parameter Weibull distribution function was introduced into the West Plains viscoelasticity model, and a creep damage model for white sandstone was proposed. The improved Nishihara model can simulate the uniaxial creep characteristics of each damaged rock sample at various stress levels.
The medium effective volume of 0.375% ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided anterior suprascapular nerve block in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a single-armed, prospective, dose-finding study
Authors: PU JIANGPAN , YIN HAILING , ZHANG YONG
Published: August 2022

Backgroundː This prospective, single-armed study investigated the median effective volume (MEV) of 0.375% ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided anterior suprascapular nerve block (aSSNB) required to produce an analgesic effect on patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Our primary objective is the MEV. The secondary objectives are the 24h sufentanil consumption, 24h PCA Presses, and diaphragm movement.Methodsː 24 patients were enrolled, and 23 completed the study. Using an up-and-down procedure, patients enrolled in the study received different doses of 0.375% ropivacaine in the anterior section of the suprascapular nerve. The aSSNB was performed under ultrasound guidance. The first patient received 15 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine. After a successful or failed block, the next patient would receive a volume decreased or increased by 3 ml. 23 patients were recruited in the study and then met the stopping rule. We used a 3-point scale to determine if the block is successful or not. We considered a successful block if both the sensory score of C5 and C6 was equal to or greater than 1. Otherwise, the block was considered a failure.Results: MEV50 was 6 ml (95% CI 5.78-6.78 ml), and MEV95 was 13.88 ml (95% CI 13.37-14.87 ml). There was no significant difference in the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) presses, 24h sufentanil consumption, and diaphragm movement between successful and unsuccessful blocks.Conclusionsː To produce an analgesic effect, the MEV50 is 6 ml, and the MEV95 is 13.88ml in patients conducting aSSNB using 0.375% ropivacaine for analgesia undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.Trial Registration: ChiCTR2200061773. 02/07/2022 retrospectively registered.
Repeated use of morphine induces anxiety via affecting a proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex in rats
Authors: Ahmadi Shamseddin , Talvar Shiva Mohammadi , Masoudi Kayvan , Zobeiri Mohammad
Published: August 2022

We examined the involvement of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in anxiety-like behaviors after repeated use of morphine. Morphine dependence in male Wistar rats was induced via twice-daily morphine injection (10 mg/kg) for eight days. On day 8, opioid dependence was confirmed by measuring morphine withdrawal signs precipitated with naloxone. On days 1 and 8, anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using a light/dark box test. On day 8, TLR1 and 4, proinflammatory cytokines, and some of the downstream signaling molecules were evaluated at mRNA and protein levels in the PFC. The results revealed that morphine caused anxiolytic-like effects on day 1, which significantly decreased after eight days of the repeated injection. On day 8, a significant decrease in TLR1 expression in the PFC was detected in morphine-dependent rats but TLR4 remained unaffected. Repeated morphine injection significantly increased theIL1-β, TNFα, and IL6 expression but decreased IL1R and TNFR at mRNA and protein levels except for IL6R at the protein level in the PFC. The p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase expression significantly increased but the JNK3 expression decreased in the PFC of morphine-dependent rats. The NF-κB expression also increased significantly in the PFC after repeated injection of morphine. Significant increases in Let-7c, mir-133b, and mir-365 were also detected in the PFC in morphine-dependent rats. We conclude that TLR1 and proinflammatory cytokines in the PFC via a MAP kinase/NF-κB pathway may party underlie the decrease in the anxiolytic-like effect of morphine in dependent rats.
Parents’ decision whether or not to enrol their infant in a clinical trial: towards a patient centred approach? A qualitative study
Authors: Cornu Catherine , Carle Quentin , Poite Maylis , Erpeldinger Sylvie , Meunier-Beillard Nicolas , Binquet Christine , Ginhoux Tiphanie , Saidi Manel , Lamotte-Félin Alexandra , Supper Irène , Moreau Alain , Verriere Virginie , Tisserand Elodie , Berard Anick , Paris Adeline , Lamort-Bouché Marion , Kieffer François , Wallon Martine
Published: August 2022

Background
Clinical trials are the cornerstone of drug evaluation but are difficult to perform in children since obtaining written informed consent from both parents is very challenging. We aimed to identify determinants of parents’ decision whether or not to enrol their child in a clinical trial.
Methods
A Grounded Theory qualitative approach was used, based on semi-structured interviews with parents who had to give their consent to enrol their child some years before in the TOSCANE study, evaluating the occurrence of chorioretinitis. An interview guide based on bibliographic references, expert consultations and work meetings with the TOSCANE investigators was used during video interviews, conducted until saturation was reached. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed anonymously into text format, and double coded before analysis.
Results
Between April 2020 and April 2021, 18 interviews (nine consenting and nine non-consenting parents) were conducted. Saturation was reached after 16 interviews. The important determinants of parents’ decision, already described in the literature and which could result either in consent or refusal, were: investigator perceived to be human and competent, parents’ personality, parents’ working in healthcare, strong preference for one of the treatment groups, good health of the child, opinions regarding research. New determinants, such as mothers’ guilt about toxoplasmosis transmission, were identified and mostly associated with non-consent.
Conclusion
Parents' decisions depend on a set of determinants related to family history, personality, and perception of the disease and research, none of them predominating. These determinants suggest that a patient-centred approach could be adopted along with the adequate training of investigators, which requires future assessment.
Immunodominance of epitopes and protection efficacy of RBD antigen are differentially altered by different adjuvants and immune routes
Authors: Li Sisi , Duan Lianli , Zhang Xiaoli , yang Rui , Chen Longlong , Chen Zhifu , Gou Qiang , Bao Wenxin , Yuan Yue , Jing Haiming , zhang Yi , Cheng Ping , Luo Ping , Zou Quanming , Wang Wanneng , Zhao Zhuo
Published: August 2022

Background
Previous studies have revealed that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is immunogenic in both mice and healthy volunteers, and the humoral immune response plays key roles in RBD-mediated protection. In this study, we evaluated the immunodominant humoral response of RBD with different adjuvants and different immune routes in inducing neutralizing antibodies and immunodominant epitopes in RBD.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the protective efficacy of immunization with RBD plus three different adjuvants (Al(OH)3, ASO3 or AddaVax) and two different routes (intramuscular immunity or intranasal immunity) in a mouse model.
Results
The results showed that RBD-mediated protection was altered in response to different adjuvants; even with the same adjuvant, RBD-mediated protection was altered in different immune routes. Using antisera from immunized mice, we identified six B-cell immunodominant epitopes in the RBD, including 2 novel epitopes (RBD1 − 18 and RBD49 − 66) in intramuscular immunity and 3 novel epitopes (RBD31 − 48, RBD61 − 78, RBD97 − 114) in intranasal immunity. The B-cell immunodominant epitopes identified from mice immunized with RBD plus different adjuvants were also different from each other, which may explain the differences in protective immunity observed in each immunized group.
Conclusions
This study indicate that adjuvants and immune routes largely affect the immunodominance of epitopes and the protective efficacy of RBD, which may guide further adjuvant screening for vaccine development and optimization.
A new tool to quantify biodiversity change under landscape transformation
Authors: Hilário Renato Richard , Carvalho William Douglas , Rosalino Luís Miguel , Xavier Bruna da Silva , Palmeirim Jorge M , Vieira Marcus Vinícius , Mustin Karen , Cardoso Pedro
Published: August 2022

ContextIdentifying how species richness (or diversity) changes with different proportions of natural and anthropized environments in the landscape is important for landscape management for conservation. ObjectivesHere we propose a new method to assess biodiversity changes in landscapes with varying proportions of habitat types. MethodsOur method copes with two or more habitat types in the landscape and works with taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities. We tested our method and a previous approach developed by Chao et al. using eight different simulated scenarios and one empirical dataset to assess whether they behaved as expected. ResultsOur method performed as expected in all scenarios and in the empirical dataset (considering also the functional and phylogenetic diversities in this latter case). The alternative method by Chao et al. conformed with the predictions only in two out of eight scenarios and provided counterintuitive results in all other scenarios and in the empirical dataset. ConclusionsWe showed that our method is a reliable tool to assess biodiversity changes in the context of landscape planning. The possibility of working with more than two habitat types and with different dimensions of diversity (i.e. functional and phylogenetic diversity) are also major advances of our method.
Three-dimensional analysis of laryngeal cartilage development
Authors: Kitamura Kei , Odaka Kento , Yamamoto Masahito , Ogawa Yuudai , Kikuchi Nobue , Kasahara Norio , Ishikawa Noboru , Abe Shinichi , Yamamoto Hitoshi
Published: August 2022

The process of laryngeal cartilage growth during the recanalization of the glottis has not been resolved. Therefore, we performed 3-dimensional analysis of the process of laryngeal cartilage development in utero. This study examined fetal mice at embryonic day (E)13.5–E17.5. The 3-dimensional structure of the laryngeal cartilage was reconstructed from serial slices of the entire larynx, and its morphology was observed and measured. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed with anti-SOX9 and anti-ColII antibodies to investigate the differentiation process of chondrocytes. At E13.5 the laryngeal cartilage was a single mass, but at E14.5 it had divided to form the thyroid cartilage (TC), cricoid cartilage (CC), and arytenoid cartilage (AC). Recanalization of the glottis occurred from E15.5 to E16.5, and the upper part of the laryngeal cartilage supporting the glottis also underwent substantial growth during this period. At E17.5, following recanalization of the glottis, growth of the laryngeal cartilage supporting the infraglottic region occurred. The laryngeal cartilage supporting the glottis underwent rapid growth during recanalization. This finding suggested that laryngeal cartilage growth may support the recanalization of the glottis.
Student preferences and perceptions of learning with vSim® for Nursing in pneumonia: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Liao Zhaohui , Zhao Li , Guan Chunhong , Huang Lei , Zeng Ruyi
Published: August 2022

Backgrounds:
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and participant satisfaction of the virtual simulation education for nursing students about pneumonia using the vSim platform.
Methods
Sixty eight junior college students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In addition to the training on the vSim platform in the experimental group, experimental and control groups received lectures on pneumonia and clinical skills training. Knowledge tests and self-confidence assessments must be completed before and after training.
Results
The data of participants in the experimental (n = 32) and control groups (n = 31) were analyzed. Comparing the data before and after training in the two groups revealed that knowledge improvement between the groups after training (p = 0.684) was not significantly different. The improvement level of self-confidence in the experimental group (p = 0.045) was better than that in the control group. The satisfaction survey results for the vSim platform disclose that the satisfaction of seven items exceeds 90% in all items.
Conclusion
Nursing training with the vSim platform increases nursing students' confidence in their practice and causes high practice satisfaction.
Investigation on proximate composition and quality of carp fish ( Cyprinus carpio) enrichment with Beta vulgaris
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , nejad Saeed Ziaei , Amiri Nahid
Published: August 2022

Background
The optimizing nutritional conditions are effective in the quantitative and qualitative position of carp production. The use of plant material in the fish diet to reduce production costs and increase growth rate.
Objectives
The aim of present research was to investigate the effect of different levels of powder Beta vulgaris was preformatted on some indices of nutrition and the fillet analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Methods
The 360 fish with a weight average of 20 g and a standard length of 9 cm were selected and randomly divided into 12 tanks. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments and 3 triplicates. The fishes were fed to diet containing 0.5%, 1% and 2% of Beta vulgaris powder for 6 weeks. The nutrition indices and chemical composition of the fish fillet were investigated.
Results
The adding Beta vulgaris leaves powder to the fish diet had a positive effect on the nutrition indices. Feed conversion ratio was increased by adding Beta vulgaris to diet, and there was a significant difference between dietary conversion efficiency and protein/fat ratio and protein content in compared to the control.
Conclusion
The adding 1% of Beta vulgaris powder to fish diet caused a decrease in the fat content which significantly difference found with other treatments. The presence of Beta vulgaris leaves in the diet increased the protein and ash contents in the fish fillet.
Kalman Filter With Impulse Noised Outliers : a Robustsequential Algorithm to Filter Data With a Large Number Of outliers
Authors: Cloez Bertrand , Fontez Bénédicte , GONZÀLEZ-GARCÌA Eliel , Sanchez Isabelle
Published: August 2022

Impulse noised outliers are data points that differs significantly from other observations. They are generally removed from the data set through local regression or Kalman filter algorithm. However, these methods, or their generalizations, are not well suited when the number of outliers is of the same order as the number of low-noise data. In this article, we propose a new model for impulse noised outliers based on simple latent linear Gaussian processes as in the Kalman Filter. We present a fast forward-backward algorithm to filter and smooth sequential data and which also detect these outliers. We compare the robustness and efficiency of this algorithm with classical methods. Finally, we apply this method on a real data set from a Walk Over Weighing system admitting around $60\%$ of outliers. For this application, we further develop an (explicit) EM algorithm to calibrate some algorithm parameters.