bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CVD Atlas: a multi-omics database of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Qian Qiheng , Xue Ruikun , Xu Chenle , Wang Fengyu , Zeng Jingyao , Xiao Jingfa
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of illness and death worldwide. Numerous studies have been conducted into the underlying mechanisms and molecular characteristics of CVD using various omics approaches. However, there is still a need for comprehensive resources on CVD. To fill this gap, we present the CVD Atlas, accessed at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/cvd. This database compiles knowledge and information from manual curation, large-scale data analysis, and existing databases, utilizing multi-omics data to understand CVDs comprehensively. The current version of CVD Atlas contains 215,333 associations gathered from 308 publications, 652 datasets and 7 databases. It covers 190 diseases and 44 traits across multiple omics levels. Additionally, it provides an interactive knowledge graph that integrates disease-gene associations and two types of analysis tools, offering an engaging way to query and display relationships. CVD Atlas also features a user-friendly web interface that allows users to easily browse, search, and download all association information, research metadata, and annotation details. In conclusion, CVD Atlas is a valuable resource that enhances the accessibility and utility of knowledge and information related to CVD, benefiting human health and CVD research communities.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Hepatitis B Treatment: A Real-World Analysis of 3 Safety-Net Health Systems in the United States
Authors: Wong Robert J , Jain Mamta K , Niu Bolin , Therapondos George , Kshirsagar Onkar , Thamer Mae
Published: October 2024

Background

Timely treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) reduces risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gaps in timely treatment persist, especially among underserved safety-net populations. We aim to evaluate gaps and disparities in CHB treatment in the United States.

Methods

Adults with treatment-naive CHB without human immunodeficiency virus were identified from 2010 to 2018 across 3 safety-net health systems. CHB treatment eligibility was assessed using American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria and alternative criteria, including the Simplified Approach for Hepatitis B Algorithm. Differences in CHB treatment between groups were evaluated using χ2 methods, adjusted Kaplan-Meier methods, and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Among 3749 patients with treatment-naive CHB (51.5% women, 38.7% White, 33.7% African American, 19.6% Asian, 24.6% cirrhosis), 30.0% were AASLD treatment eligible, among whom 31.0% were treated. Men were more likely than women to be treated (33.5% vs 26.6%, P < .01). On multivariable regression, there remained a trend toward greater treatment in men versus women (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .96–1.54]). Disparities by race/ethnicity and insurance status were observed. When exploring outcomes using SABA criteria, similar trends were observed. Among treatment-eligible patients, greater likelihood of treatment was observed in men versus women (aHR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.14–1.70]) and in Asians versus Whites (aHR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.16–1.94]).

Conclusions

Among an ethnically diverse multicenter safety-net cohort of CHB patients, less than one-third of treatment-eligible patients received antiviral treatment. Significant disparities in CHB treatment were observed by sociodemographic characteristics.
Unlocking the potentials of digital twins for optimal healthcare delivery in Africa
Authors: Qoseem Ibraheem Olasunkanmi , Ahmed Musa , Abdulraheem Hamzat , Hamzah Muhammad Olaitan , Ahmed Mohamed Mustaf , Ukoaka Bonaventure Michael , Okesanya Olalekan John , Ogaya Jerico Bautista , Adigun Olaniyi Abideen , Ekpenyong Aniekan Michael , Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo
Published: October 2024

Advances in big data analysis, the Internet of Things and simulation technology have led to a surge in interest in digital twin technology, which creates virtual clones of physical entities across several industries. The technological revolution with digital twins, incorporating Internet of Things, big data analysis and simulation technologies, holds the potential for predictive insights, real-time monitoring and increased operational efficiency across the healthcare industry. This paper explores the potential of digital twins to improve healthcare delivery and health outcomes in Africa. It examines their applications in various health sectors, explores their feasibility and highlights the potential challenges associated with their implementation while proposing sustainable recommendations.
Immigrants and their children assimilate into US society and the US economy, both in the past and today
Authors: Abramitzky Ran , Boustan Leah
Published: October 2024

We contribute to the public debate on immigration policy in the United States by providing a long-term, empirical perspective. We develop a novel method of linking individuals across historical Census waves to trace the lives of millions of immigrants in the past and compare their outcomes with immigrants today. We document that upward mobility is just as possible for immigrants today as it was in the early 20th century, and that children of immigrant parents catch up to and frequently exceed the economic outcomes of the children of US-born parents. By our measures, immigrants as a group are no more likely to be incarcerated than those born in the United States, and they assimilate into American culture today at rates comparable to historical standards. Attitudes toward immigrants today are more positive than a century ago, albeit more polarized by political party.
Influenza vaccine allocation in tropical settings under constrained resources
Authors: Servadio Joseph L , Choisy Marc , Thai Pham Quang , Boni Maciej F
Published: October 2024

Influenza virus seasonality, synchronicity, and vaccine supply differ substantially between temperate and tropical settings, and optimal vaccination strategy may differ on this basis. Many national vaccine recommendations focus on high-risk groups, elderly populations, and healthcare workers despite previous analyses demonstrating broad benefits to vaccinating younger high-contact age groups. In this study, we parameterized an age-structured nonseasonal asynchronous epidemiological model of influenza virus transmission for a tropical low-income setting. We evaluated timing and age allocation of vaccines across vaccine supplies ranging from 10 to 90% using decade-based age groups. Year-round vaccination was beneficial when compared with more concentrated annual vaccine distribution. When targeting a single age group for vaccine prioritization, maximum vaccine allocation to the 10–19 high-contact age group minimized annual influenza mortality for all but one vaccine supply. When evaluating across all possible age allocations, optimal strategies always allocated a plurality of vaccines to school-age children (10–19). The converse, however, was not true as not all strategies allocating a plurality to children aged 10–19 minimized mortality. Allocating a high proportion of vaccine supply to the 10–19 age group is necessary but not sufficient to minimize annual mortality as distribution of remaining vaccine doses to other age groups also needs to be optimized. Strategies focusing on indirect benefits (vaccinating children) showed higher variance in mortality outcomes than strategies focusing on direct benefits (vaccinating the elderly). However, the indirect benefit approaches showed a lower mean mortality and a lower minimum mortality than vaccination focused on the elderly.
A facile nanopattern modification of silk fibroin electrospun scaffold and the corresponding impact on cell proliferation and osteogenesis
Authors: Liu Xiaojiao , Ouyang Qinjun , Yao Xiang , Zhang Yaopeng
Published: October 2024

As a well-known natural protein biomaterial, silk fibroin (SF) has shown broad application prospects in typical biomedical fields. However, the mostly used SF from Bombyx mori silkworm lacks specific cell adhesion sites and other bioactive peptide sequences, and there is still significant room for further improvement of their biological functions. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a facile and effective modification strategy for this widely researched biomaterial. In this study, the SF electrospun scaffold has been chosen as a typical SF biomaterial, and air plasma etching has been adopted as a facile nanopattern modification strategy to promote its biological functions. Results demonstrated that the plasma etching could feasibly and effectively create nano-island-like patterns on the complex surface of SF scaffolds, and the detailed nanopattern features could be easily regulated by adjusting the etching time. In addition, the mesenchymal stem cell responses have illustrated that the nanopattern modification could significantly regulate corresponding cell behaviors. Compared with the non-etched scaffold, the 10 min-etched scaffolds (10E scaffold) significantly promoted stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, 10E scaffold has also been confirmed to effectively accelerate vascularization and ectopic osteogenesis in vivo using a rat subcutaneous implantation model. However, the mentioned promoting effects would be weakened or even counteracted with the increase of etching time. In conclusion, this facile modification strategy demonstrated great application potential for promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, it provided useful guidance to develop excellent SF-based scaffolds suitable for bone and other tissue engineering.
What Is Our Added Value? A Systematic Analysis of Epidemic Narratives in the Social Work Literature
Authors: Roy Melissa
Published: October 2024

This article addresses social work’s singular conceptual and analytical contribution to the field of epidemics. A systematic literature review was conducted to analyze how social work studies overlap to construct epidemic narratives. The author collected 601 articles from the Social Services Abstracts database and carried out a targeted search within 20 social work journals. Five epidemic narratives were identified: (1) a psychosocial consequences narrative, (2) a social work competence narrative, (3) a social risk factors narrative, (4) a misinformation narrative, and (5) a power matrix narrative. Results highlighted the social success of psychosocial perspectives prevalent in classic public health narratives. This understanding relies on a “politics of access” perspective and advocates for the improvement of current social services. The findings revealed that social work does not have a conceptual specificity in the field of epidemics but, rather, its current distinctive contribution mostly lies in its use of social work–centric inquiries that analyze social work practices and describe the consequences experienced by social work actors during epidemics. The author argued that the social work literature could benefit from analyses informed by a “politic of emancipation” that are less prominent in the analyzed studies. Avenues for future research are considered.
Multiplex qPCR for the detection of bacteria associated with huanglongbing 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. L. americanus' and 16Sr IX group phytoplasma
Authors: Martins Elaine Cristina , Teixeira Diva do Carmo , Coletti Daniela Aparecida Bononi , Wulff Nelson Arno
Published: October 2024

The occurrence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp. and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’ spp. associated with blotchy mottle symptoms poses challenges to huanglongbing (HLB) diagnosis using molecular techniques. The ability to detect multiple targets simultaneously and specifically is a key aspect met by qPCR. A set of primers and hydrolysis probes useful either in single or multiplex reactions for the detection and quantification of HLB-associated bacteria were developed. Sequences from conserved genes of the ribosomal proteins for Liberibacter and phytoplasma circumvent the lack of specificity and cross-reactivity problems related to 16S rDNA gene amplification, allowing precise and specific detection of HLB-associated bacteria in citrus and in the Liberibacter vector, Diaphorina citri. The triplex reaction exhibited high quality and precision as a robust tool for quantifying ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ (CLas), ‘Ca. L. americanus’ (CLam) and 16SrIX phytoplasma. Triplex qPCR showed consistent results and comparable sensitivity to the RNR test, though Cq values were higher when compared to 16S rDNA qPCR. Detection tests using field samples indicate that the qPCR triplex can identify HLB-associated bacteria in samples with varying levels of symptoms, ranging from typical to asymptomatic. Assessment of field samples from growers indicated more than 78.6% had Cq lower than 35.0, below the cut-off established for qPCR reactions used in this work. qPCR triplex is a safe, specific, and sufficiently sensitive technique for detecting CLas, CLam and 16Sr IX phytoplasma simultaneously, in both citrus and D. citri samples. Its application is of importance in assisting growers in making decisions for HLB management.
Differential Sources of Resistance from Lactuca serriola Against Three Races of Xanthomonas hortorum pathovar vitians (Brown, 1918) Morinière et al. 2020 Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce
Authors: Sandoya Miranda German Valentin , Trent Mark , Hayes Ryan J. , Lebeda Ales , Rosenthal Emma , Simko Ivan , Bull Carolee Theresa
Published: October 2024

Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians which is hypothesized to have at least three races of the pathogen present in North America as defined by their differential resistance phenotypes in lettuce cultivars/accessions. Though resistance to X. hortorum pv. vitians race 1 has been identified in cultivated lettuce, numerous other X. hortorum pv. vitians strains cause disease on cultivars carrying this resistance locus. Thus far, resistance to these ‘additional’ X. hortorum pv. vitians strains has not been adequately described in L. sativa or in any other wild Lactuca species sexually compatible with cultivated lettuce. We have performed an extensive screening of approximately 500 Lactuca accessions from L. sativa, L. serriola, L. saligna, L. virosa, L. aculeata, L. altaica, and L. perennis species to identify accessions resistant to these additional X. hortorum pv. vitians races. Following the initial screenings, greenhouse tests confirmed that X. hortorum pv. vitians race 2 and race 3 could be defined using Lactuca sativa accessions. Race 2 strain BS3217 had an incompatible response (hypersensitive response) on ten Lactuca serriola accessions including PI491114 and PI491108, while race 1 (BS0347) and race 3 (BS2861) strains of X. hortorum pv. vitians showed a compatible response (disease) on these genotypes. L. serriola accession ARM09-161 (and selections derived from it) was the only genotype resistant to the race 3 strain BS2861. L. serriola accessions identified in this study to be resistant to race 2 and race 3 of X. hortorum pv. vitians, together with race 1 resistant cultivars, can be used for pyramiding resistance loci against the three races of the BLS-causing pathogen.
CircTMTC1 Mediates Nucleocytoplasmic Translocation of DDX3X to Regulate Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Ligamentum Flavum Cells
Authors: Xiang Qian , Zhao Yongzhao , Tian Shuo , Wu Zhenquan , Lin Jialiang , Jiang Shuai , Wang Longjie , Sun Zhuoran , Sun Chuiguo , Li Weishi
Published: October 2024

Objective.

This study was aimed to investigate the potential roles of circTMTC1 in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF).

Summary of Background Data.

OLF is the primary contributor to thoracic spinal stenosis, which may cause severe neurological symptoms. There is a lack of effective medical therapy for OLF available so far because the exact underlying mechanism of OLF has not been fully elucidated. CircRNAs are a special class of noncoding RNAs and have attracted a growing interest of research in various human diseases recently. Therefore, we explored the potential roles of circRNAs in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of OLF.

Materials and Methods.

We performed RNA-seq analysis to investigate the differentially expression profile of circRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of human LF cells, and identified a key circular RNA circTMTC1 functioned in OLF. Subsequently, we performed a series of experiments to investigate the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms in osteogenic differentiation of human ligamentum flavum cells.

Results.

CircTMTC1 is significantly upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of human LF cells. Mechanistically, we found that circTMTC1 could interact with the RNA binding protein DDX3X and enhance its nucleocytoplasmic translocation. An increased cytoplasmic level of DDX3X activated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and thus promoted osteogenic differentiation of human ligamentum flavum cells.

Conclusion.

Our findings suggested the circTMTC1-DDX3X-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling plays a pivotal role in osteogenic differentiation of human ligamentum flavum cells, which may provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OLF.
Serotonergic Antidepressants are Associated With Higher Rates of Hematoma After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Adelstein Jeremy M. , Moyal Andrew J. , Strony John T. , Burkhart Robert J. , Kaelber David C. , Cheng Christina W. , Gordon Zachary L. , Furey Christopher G.
Published: October 2024

Study Design:

Large database propensity-matched retrospective cohort analysis

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of serotonergic antidepressants on outcomes after anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). It was hypothesized that the perioperative use of serotonergic antidepressants would be associated with higher rates of hematoma formation and worse outcomes after ACSS.

Summary of Background Data:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been associated with worse outcomes after orthopaedic procedures.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using TriNetX, an aggregated and de-identified electronic health record platform. Patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery were included via Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) encounter diagnosis codes. Cohorts were 1:1 propensity matched across seven demographic and medical comorbidity parameters, and outcomes were compared. The incidence of adverse outcomes, as well as healthcare utilization, within 14 days, 30 days, 90 days and 2-years post-operatively was evaluated.

Results:

Following propensity matching, each cohort consisted of 9,249 patients, for a total of 18,498 patients included in final statistical analysis. SSRI/SNRI’s were associated with higher odds of hematoma formation within 7-days (0.69% vs. 0.46%, OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.02-2.2], P=0.04) and within 14-days postoperatively (0.81% vs. 0.52%, OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.1-2.3], P=0.01. Within 30- and 90-days, SSRI/SNRI’s were associated with higher risk of emergency department utilization (30-day OR 1.30 [1.1-1.4]; 90-day OR 1.3 [1.2-1.4]) and irrigation & debridement (I&D) (30-day OR 1.9 [1.2-3.0]). SSRIs/SNRIs were also associated with significantly higher risk of I&D within 2-years (OR 1.3 [1.1-1.6]).

Conclusion:

The use of serotonergic antidepressants perioperatively was associated with higher odds and risk of numerous outcomes, including hematoma formation, emergency department utilization and the need for irrigation & debridement. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these results.

Level of Evidence:

III; retrospective cohort analysis
The Relationship Between Ethical Attitudes and Compassion Fatigue in Nurses Working in Surgical Intensive Care Units
Authors: Üçüncüoğlu Melek , Güner Yasemin , Çilingir Dilek , Taşdemir Erdem , Akturan Selçuk
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study aimed to explore the relationship between ethical attitudes and compassion fatigue experienced by nurses in surgical intensive care units.

Methods

It is mixed-design research. The study was conducted with 38 nurses working in the surgical intensive care units of a university hospital who agreed to participate in the study. Quantitative data were collected using the Nurse Information Form, the Ethical Attitude Scale for Nursing Care, and the Compassion Fatigue–Short Scale. Qualitative data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire, through individual interviews with 9 volunteer nurses in surgical intensive care units.

Results

The study revealed that nurses exhibited high levels of ethical attitudes in nursing care along with high levels of compassion fatigue. During the qualitative data analysis, 4 key themes emerged: ethical approaches in surgical intensive care units, professional quality of life in nurses, the reflections of compassion fatigue on ethical behavior, and nurses’ well-being.

Conclusions

It was concluded that when compassion fatigue increased in nurses in surgical intensive care units, ethical attitudes in nursing care decreased. Therefore, compassion fatigue can be addressed by programs that support nurses’ well-being, such as meditation, deep breathing, self-compassion exercises, and so on. It can be reduced.
Sleep Hygiene for the Prevention of Hospital Delirium in Neurocritical Care Patients
Authors: Chadwell Sarah P. , Williams Ishan C. , Hundt Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Background

Delirium is a state of altered level of consciousness often leading to confusion, inattention, and changes to levels of cognition. Delirium increases average length of stay in the hospital and costs the US health care system approximately $148 billion each year in associated medical costs. Sleep hygiene is an important factor in delirium prevention for all hospitalized patients.

Objectives

This quality improvement project was designed to increase implementation of an evidence-based sleep hygiene bundle in the neurocritical care population in order to decrease rates of hospital-acquired delirium.

Methods

This project followed the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) framework to facilitate a continuous quality improvement intervention at a mid-Atlantic academic medical center in the neurocritical care population. The continuous quality improvement included the incorporation of “sleep” as a topic into the daily rounding checklist, thus optimizing the ability to improve adherence to a multicomponent sleep hygiene bundle. The intervention includes the preintervention-postintervention occurrences of delirium and use of the daily rounding checklist.

Results

Nursing adherence to documentation of delirium assessments was high at approximately 99%. Following the intervention, there was a 41% decrease in the number of patients who screened positive for hospital-acquired delirium.

Discussion

The improvement in cases of hospital-acquired delirium may be attributed to the project intervention. Recommendations for future interventions include analysis of training on sleep plans, focus on nursing education regarding delirium assessment tools, or a measure of staff and/or patient satisfaction related to the intervention.
ZIP Code and ZIP Code Tabulation Area Linkage: Implications for Bias in Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Chen Futu , MacDonald Beau , Xu Yan , Franco Wilma , Campos Alberto , Palinkas Lawrence A. , Johnston Jill , Eckel Sandrah P. , Garcia Erika
Published: October 2024

Background:

To our knowledge, no agreed-upon best practices exist for joining U.S. Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) and U.S. Postal Service ZIP Codes (ZIPs). One-to-one linkage using 5-digit ZCTA identifiers excludes ZIPs without direct matches. “Crosswalk” linkage may match a ZCTA to multiple ZIPs, avoiding losses.

Methods:

We compared noncrosswalk and crosswalk linkages nationally and for mortality and health insurance in California. To elucidate selection implications, generalized additive models related sociodemographics to whether ZCTAs contained nonmatching ZIPs.

Results:

Nationwide, 15% of ZCTAs had nonmatching ZIPs, i.e., ZIPs dropped under noncrosswalk linkage. ZCTAs with nonmatching ZIPs were positively associated with metropolitan core location, lower socioeconomics, and non-White population. In California, 34% of ZIPs in the mortality and 25% in the health insurance data had ZCTAs with nonmatching ZIPs; however, these ZIPs constitute only 0.03% of total mortality and 0.44% of total insurance enrollees.

Conclusions:

Our study findings support the use of crosswalk linkages and ZCTAs as a unit of analysis. One-to-one linkage may cause bias by differentially excluding ZIPs with more disadvantaged populations, although affected population sizes seem small.
Target Trial Emulation Using Cohort Studies: Estimating the Effect of Antihypertensive Medication Initiation on Incident Dementia
Authors: Bennett Erin E. , Liu Chelsea , Stapp Emma K. , Gianattasio Kan Z. , Zimmerman Scott C. , Wei Jingkai , Griswold Michael E. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Launer Lenore J. , Windham B. Gwen , Levine Deborah A. , Fohner Alison E. , Glymour M. Maria , Power Melinda C.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Observational studies link high midlife systolic blood pressure to increased dementia risk. However, the synthesis of evidence from randomized controlled trials has not definitively demonstrated that antihypertensive medication use reduces dementia risk. Here, we emulate target trials of antihypertensive medication initiation on incident dementia using three cohort studies, with attention to potential violations of necessary assumptions.

Methods:

We emulated trials of antihypertensive medication initiation on incident dementia using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, Cardiovascular Health Study, and Health and Retirement Study. We used data-driven methods to restrict participants to initiators and noninitiators with overlap in propensity scores and positive control outcomes to look for violations of positivity and exchangeability assumptions.

Results:

Analyses were limited by the small number of cohort participants who met eligibility criteria. Associations between antihypertensive medication initiation and incident dementia were inconsistent and imprecise (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities: HR = 0.30 [0.05, 1.93]; Cardiovascular Health Study: HR = 0.66 [0.27, 1.64]; Health and Retirement Study: HR = 1.09 [0.75, 1.59]). More stringent propensity score restrictions had little effect on findings. Sensitivity analyses using a positive control outcome unexpectedly suggested antihypertensive medication initiation increased the risk of coronary heart disease in all three samples.

Conclusions:

Positive control outcome analyses suggested substantial residual confounding in effect estimates from our target trials, precluding conclusions about the impact of antihypertensive medication initiation on dementia risk through target trial emulation. Formalized processes for identifying violations of necessary assumptions will strengthen confidence in target trial emulation and avoid inappropriate confidence in emulated trial results.
Public Awareness of Blindness Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Injection in China: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Liao Zhi-Feng , Zhang Guo-Yi , Li Fang-Wei , Wang Shi-Wei , Liu Fang-Cen , Wang Hai-Bin , Luo Sheng-Kang
Published: October 2024

Background:

The occurrence of blindness resulting from facial injection is a catastrophic complication that remains a significant safety concern for patients. The aim was to assess public awareness of blindness caused by hyaluronic acid injection.

Methods:

The Tencent questionnaire platform was used to gather self-reported demographic data, information about injection experience, and factors influencing the understanding of blindness. Additionally, we included an educational section on blindness caused by hyaluronic acid injection and evaluated the respondents’ intention to undergo injections.

Results:

A total of 1000 respondents completed the questionnaire, 15.4% had received filler injections, and 53.7% expressed their consideration of facial filler injections. The majority of respondents (68.3%) reported being aware of the risk of blindness associated with filler injections, with professional health blogs, social media, and news serving as the primary sources of information. Furthermore, 93.4% of the respondents believed that plastic surgeons should discuss the risk of blindness with patients before injection.

Conclusions:

The majority of the respondents in this study were aware of the possibility of blindness resulting from filler injections. Health blogs, news outlets, and social media platforms are likely the primary channels through which the public obtains information on this topic.
Outcomes of Trabeculectomy and Predictors of Success in Patients of African Ancestry With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Mamidipaka Anusha , Shi Amy , Addis Victoria , He Jocelyn , Lee Roy , Di Rosa Isabel , Salowe Rebecca , Ying Gui-Shuang , O’Brien Joan
Published: October 2024

Précis:

Trabeculectomy in African ancestry individuals with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) shows a 46% success rate and frequent complications, indicating that younger age and family history are significant predictors of surgical failure in this high-risk population.

Objective:

To investigate outcomes of trabeculectomy ab externo in African ancestry POAG patients and to analyze the impact of demographic and phenotypic factors on surgical success and complication rates.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective case-control study enrolled 63 eyes of 55 POAG cases who underwent trabeculectomy ab externo. Data on demographics, family glaucoma history, surgical specifics, and pre/postoperative measures (intraocular pressure, visual acuity, visual field, medication usage, complications within 1 year) were collected. The analysis included linear/logistic regression models adjusting for inter-eye correlation.

Results:

Trabeculectomy yielded success without additional medication in 46%, qualified success with medication in 22%, and surgical failure necessitating further intervention in 32% within 1 year. Subjects experienced a reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) (46%), daily glaucoma medication (73%), and eye drop usage (67%) 1-year post-trabeculectomy (all P<0.001). However, there was a postoperative decline of 56% in visual acuity (VA) (P<0.001) and a significant worsening of visual field parameters, including a 14% decrease in mean deviation (P=0.02) and a 19% decrease in visual field index (P=0.004). Fifty-nine percent of patient eyes experienced complications within 1 year of surgery. Univariate analysis of predictive factors for surgical outcomes revealed that younger age at surgery (P=0.01) and family history of glaucoma (P=0.046) were predictive of lower rates of surgical success. Multivariable analysis revealed worse preoperative VA (OR: 0.79 per 0.1 LogMAR increases, P=0.02) was associated with a lower likelihood of surgical success.

Conclusion:

This study underscores the low rates of trabeculectomy success and high rates of complications in an African ancestry population with POAG. While the procedure exhibited positive effects on IOP control and medication reduction, our analysis found that multiple factors, particularly age, family history, and worse preoperative VA play crucial roles in influencing surgical success.
Safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for Crohn’s disease: an umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Thangavelu Lakshmi , Mohan Syam , Alfaifi Hassan A. , Farasani Abdullah , Menon Soumya V. , Bansal Pooja , Choudhary Chhavi , Kumar M Ravi , Vashishth Raghav , Al- Rihaymee Afrah M.A. , Rustagi Sarvesh , Malhotra Anil K. , Shabil Muhammed , Khatib Mahalaqua N. , Zahiruddin Quazi S. , Abdelwahab Siddig I. , Bushi Ganesh , Almasabi Saleh H.A. , Alrasheed Hayam A. , Rabaan Ali A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease marked by severe gastrointestinal inflammation and a broad range of debilitating symptoms. Despite advances in medical treatments, achieving sustained remission remains challenging for many patients. This umbrella review aims to consolidate evidence from various systematic reviews to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies in treating Crohn’s disease.

Methods:

This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library covered records up to 20 April 2024. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses on stem cell therapy for Crohn’s disease were considered. Data were extracted and analyzed for clinical efficacy indicators like remission induction and safety metrics, including adverse events and mortality rates.

Results:

Sixteen systematic reviews were included, spanning studies conducted between 2009 and 2023. Stem cell therapy showed a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 1.299 (95% CI: 1.192–1.420) for clinical remission, indicating a 29.9% increased likelihood of remission compared to controls. The pooled RR for healing perianal Crohn’s disease was 1.358 (95% CI: 1.13–1.631), suggesting a 35.8% increased likelihood of healing. A pooled RR of 1.481 (95% CI: 1.036–2.116) shows a 48.1% higher immediate fistula closure rate with stem cell therapy. For long-term outcomes, a RR of 1.422 (95% CI: 1.091–1.854) indicates a 42.2% increased likelihood of maintaining closure. However, stem cell therapy did not significantly impact Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (RR: 1.154, 95% CI: 0.193–6.883) and Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI) scores (mean difference at 12 weeks: −0.505, 95% CI: −2.481 to 1.471; mean difference at 24 weeks: −0.338, 95% CI: −1.638 to 0.963). The safety profile was comparable to conventional therapies, with a pooled RR of 0.972 (95% CI: 0.739–1.278) for adverse events and 1.136 (95% CI: 0.821–1.572) for serious adverse events.

Conclusion:

Stem cell therapy offers significant progress in treating Crohn’s disease, particularly in complex cases, by improving fistula closure rates and suggesting potential as a supplementary therapy. Its safety profile aligns with conventional treatments, yet ongoing clinical trials are crucial to optimize its use. Continual research will enable healthcare providers to tailor more effective treatment strategies for this challenging condition.
Advancing Value-Based Academic–Clinical Partnership Evaluation in Physical Therapy Education: Multiattribute Utility Analysis as a Contextual Methodological Approach
Authors: North Sara
Published: October 2024

Introduction.

There is a need to investigate the application of systematic, scholarly methods to develop and implement a sustainable, flexible process for evaluating academic–clinical partnership effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential for multiattribute utility analysis (MAUA) methodology to be applied in the context of academic–clinical partnership evaluation.

Review of the Literature.

Persistent systemic challenges related to academic–clinical partnership volume and quality require intentional strategies addressing the inherent complexities of the clinical learning environment and contextual differences between academic institutions. Multiattribute utility analysis appears to be a viable existing methodological framework based on its successful application in a wide variety of fields.

Subjects.

Directors and Co-Directors of Clinical Education in accredited Doctor of Physical Therapy programs.

Methods.

The MAUA methodological framework was used to identify and quantify weighted priorities in factors contributing to partnership effectiveness as perceived by academic–clinical education programs across the United States. Survey participants were invited to share their perspectives regarding priority characteristics and assessment approaches to advance value-based partnership evaluation in physical therapy education.

Results.

The products resulting from this contemporary analysis, coupled with the previous applied MAUA simulation, offer a methodology and flexible framework that may be utilized by academic–clinical education faculty to perform a value-based partnership evaluation and make decisions within the context of their institution. Clinical educator survey results also provide a new depth of insight regarding trends in the collective degree of attribute prioritization and the complexity and intersectionality across partnership priorities.

Discussion and Conclusion.

The proposed processes may allow academic programs to narrow the large number of possible partnership criteria to a manageable subset, offering a way forward for those interested in pursuing a quantitative method for practical decision making. The ability to assess partnership quality using an evidence-based framework such as MAUA may allow partners to maintain, enhance, or discontinue partnerships based on a shared understanding of attribute alignment, rather than reactively coming together in practice to address challenges needing resolution.
Exploring Biomarkers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmadizar Fariba , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: October 2024

Integrating biomarkers into a comprehensive strategy is crucial for precise patient management, especially considering the significant healthcare costs associated with diseases. Current studies emphasize the urgent need for a paradigm shift in conceptualizing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now renamed metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Biomarkers are emerging as indispensable tools for accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring disease progression. This review classifies biomarkers into conventional and novel categories, such as lipids, insulin resistance, hepatic function, and cutting-edge imaging/omics, and evaluates their potential to transform the approach to MASLD among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It focuses on the critical role of biomarkers in early MASLD detection, enhancing predictive accuracy, and discerning responses to interventions (pharmacological or lifestyle modifications). Amid this discussion, the complexities of the relationship between T2D and MASLD are explored, considering factors like age, gender, genetics, ethnicity, and socioeconomic background. Biomarkers enhance the effectiveness of interventions and support global initiatives to reduce the burden of MASLD, thereby improving public health outcomes. This review recognizes the promising potential of biomarkers for diagnostic precision while candidly addressing the challenges in implementing these advancements in clinical practice. The transformative role of biomarkers emerges as a central theme, promising to reshape our understanding of disease trajectories, prognosis, and the customization of personalized therapeutic strategies for improved patient outcomes. From a future perspective, identifying early-stage biomarkers, understanding environmental impact through exposomes, and applying a multiomics approach may reveal additional insight into MASLD development.
Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) without skin lesions as a recurrent anaphylaxis: a case report study
Authors: Ghelichi-Ghojogh Mousa , Ebrahimi Mohsen , Ghezeljeh Edris , Delavari Sahar , Aghapour Seyed Ali
Published: October 2024

Introduction and importance:

Mastocytosis encompasses a diverse range of disorders characterized by the clonal accumulation of mast cells in various tissues, including the skin, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract.

Case presentation:

This case report describes a 32-year-old male patient who presented with a history of recurrent anaphylactic attacks and elevated serum tryptase levels without apparent skin involvement. The diagnostic process and clinical implications of non-cutaneous mastocytosis are discussed in the context of existing WHO criteria.

Clinical discussion:

Mastocytosis, although a rare disease, carries the potential for severe complications and can present with atypical symptoms, thereby complicating its diagnosis and management. Consequently, the development of a reliable diagnostic and therapeutic strategy is of paramount importance.

Conclusion:

There is a pressing need to delve deeper into the investigation of the potential impacts and manifestations of mastocytosis to further our understanding and enhance patient care.
Domestic single-port robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for pyelotomy combined with shockwave lithotripsy: the first case report
Authors: Li Ruixiao , Ni Jianxin , Li Xuelian , Wu Bin , Li Bo , Su Rui-Ping , Xue Song , Wu Guojun
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Importance:

Kidney stones are a common condition treated in urology departments and rank first among hospitalized patients. Staghorn kidney stones are a particular type of kidney stone that fill or occupy most of the renal collecting system. They have a large stone load and are often associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and chronic renal insufficiency.

Case presentation:

The authors report a case of single-port robot-assisted laparoscopic pyelotomy combined with EMS (Electromagnetic Shockwave Lithotripsy) for surgical stone removal, and discuss and analyze it based on published literature. A 75-year-old woman visited our hospital in January 2024 due to right waist pain and hematuria. Computed Tomography (CT) indicated a stone ~6.1×5.8×3.5 cm in the right renal pelvis and calyces. Staghorn kidney stones are challenging to remove surgically, have a low stone clearance rate, and are prone to recurrence, making them one of the most difficult issues in urological surgery. Combined treatment effectively reduces the number of skin-renal passages, decreases the occurrence of injuries and complications, and improves the success rate of lithotripsy and the stone-free rate. Therefore, the patient underwent single-port robot-assisted laparoscopic pyelotomy combined with EMS surgical lithotomy and was discharged 7 days after the operation. There were no complications postoperation, and follow-up showed that the stones were completely cleared without any residue.

Clinical discussion:

The treatment of staghorn kidney stones requires a comprehensive approach to reduce the number of skin-renal passages and the occurrence of complications. Single-port robot-assisted pyelotomy combined with EMS lithotripsy can ensure the effectiveness of the surgery while reducing risks and enhancing patient recovery.

Conclusion:

For staghorn kidney stones, single-port robot-assisted pyelotomy combined with EMS stone removal is a safe and effective procedure with a beautiful incision, fewer complications, and excellent patient outcomes.
Sodium Hypochlorite Accidents in Endodontic Practice: Clinical Evidence and State of the Art
Authors: Fiorillo Luca , D’Amico Cesare , Meto Aida , Mehta Vini , Lo Giudice Giuseppe , Cervino Gabriele
Published: October 2024

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely utilized in endodontics for its effective antimicrobial properties and ability to dissolve necrotic tissues. However, its use is not devoid of risks, including potential severe tissue damage and chemical burns. This systematic review evaluates the documented risks of using NaOCl in endodontic treatments. It compares its safety and efficacy with other endodontic irrigants, such as EDTA and chlorhexidine. This review followed the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” guidelines and registered with PROSPERO. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases, with additional hand searches in grey literature. Studies were selected reporting adverse effects related to NaOCl used in endodontic procedures, ranging from randomized controlled trials to case reports. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were systematically performed using standardized tools. Seventeen studies were included, detailing instances from chemical burns to severe allergic reactions and tissue necrosis associated with NaOCl use. The risk of bias was predominantly low across the studies. Sodium hypochlorite demonstrated a higher efficacy in microbial eradication and tissue dissolution than other irrigants, though it also showed a higher incidence of severe complications when mishandled. Sodium hypochlorite remains a cornerstone in endodontic disinfection due to its potent antimicrobial and tissue dissolution properties. However, its application must be meticulously managed to prevent complications. Future research should focus on optimizing concentrations and application techniques to enhance safety and effectiveness, potentially integrating safer alternatives or complementary solutions like EDTA to mitigate risks while preserving irrigant benefits.
Three-dimensional Analysis of Skeletal Stability in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Undergoing Bimaxillary Surgery With Le Fort I Osteotomy and Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Nguyen Loi Phuoc , Kim Jun-Young , Ha Tae-Wook , Ho Nguyen Chon Thanh , Park Jin Hoo , Jung Young-Soo
Published: October 2024

Orthognathic surgery in patients with lip and palate clefts is challenging owing to scar tissue from primary repairs and severe deformities. In this study, we evaluated the stability of Le Fort I osteotomy with intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in patients with cleft lip and palate using 3-dimensional (3D) analysis. This retrospective study comprised 14 cleft lip and palate patients (3 females, 11 males; the average age at surgery: 23.8 y) who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery involving Lefort I osteotomy and IVRO. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained at preoperative (T0), 1-month postoperative (T1), and 1-year follow-up (T2) periods. The 3D analysis assessed the transitions and rotations of the maxilla and mandible using a virtual triangle. The maxilla showed stability in all directions at the 1-year follow-up with minimal relapse. The distal segment of the mandible exhibited clinically acceptable anterior (1.15 mm relapse) movements and pitch rotation (2.88° counterclockwise relapse) during the first year postoperatively. The proximal mandibular segment underwent anterior-inferior transition (1.21 and 2.01 mm, respectively) and lateral-outward rotation (4.90° and 7.51°, respectively) postsurgery, remaining unchanged 1 year postoperation. Le Fort I osteotomy with IVRO provides skeletal stability in patients with cleft lips and palates. This study demonstrated a minimal maxillary relapse and clinically acceptable movements in the distal mandibular segment during the first postoperative year. The proximal mandibular segment moved anteriorly and inferiorly, rotated laterally and outward after surgery, and remained unchanged at the 1-year follow-up.
Treatment of Intracranial Infection by Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii After Craniocerebral Surgery
Authors: Xiong Xuan , Xie Yu , Li Bujun , Yin Caixia , Hu Kai
Published: October 2024

Objective:

The clinical outcome of intracranial infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) remains unsatisfactory, even when treated with combined antibiotic therapy. This study successfully cured 1 patient with XDRAB intracranial infection after cranial surgery through a multichannel combination of drugs, providing a reference for the clinical treatment of severe XDRAB intracranial infection.

Methods:

The clinical data of a patient with an XDRAB intracranial infection after a craniocerebral operation were retrospectively analyzed, and the treatment approach for XDRAB intracranial infection was examined.

Results:

Upon the occurrence of XDRAB intracranial infection after craniocerebral surgery, the patient was given an intravenous injection of polymyxin B+ tigecycline + amikacin, while intrathecal injection of polymyxin B, and the intracranial infection was controlled and cured.

Conclusions:

Polymyxin B+ tigecycline + amikacin intravenous and intrathecal polymyxin B can benefit XDRAB intracranial infected patients after craniofacial surgery.