bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Abuse in a Banking Context: Why and How Financial Institutions can Respond
Authors: Scott Ayesha
Published: June 2023

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global social problem that includes using coercive control strategies, including financial abuse, to manage and entrap an intimate partner. Financial abuse restricts or removes another person’s access to financial resources and their participation in financial decisions, forcing their financial dependence, or alternatively exploits their money and economic resources for the abuser’s gain. Banks have some stake in the prevention of and response to IPV, given their unique role in household finances and growing recognition an equitable society is one inclusive of consumers with vulnerabilities. Institutional practices may unwittingly enable abusive partners’ financial control as seemingly benign regulatory policy and tools of household money management exacerbate unequal power dynamics. To date, business ethicists have tended to take a broader view of banker professional responsibility, especially post-Global Financial Crisis. Little scholarship examines if, when and how a bank should respond to societal issues, such as IPV, traditionally outside their ‘remit’ of banking services. I extend existing understandings of ‘systemic harm’ to conceptualise the bank’s role in addressing economic harm in the context of IPV, viewing IPV and financial abuse through a consumer vulnerability lens to translate theory into practice. Two in-depth stories of financial abuse further illustrate the active role banks can and should take in combating financial abuse.
Zirconia Incorporated Aluminum Phosphate Molecular Sieves as Efficient Microporous Nano Catalysts for the Selective Dehydration of Methanol into Dimethyl Ether
Authors: Said Abd El‐Aziz Ahmed , Shaban Aya Ali , Goda Mohamed Nady
Published: June 2023

Annually, a growing demand was noted for replacing petroleum fuels with second-generation eco-friendly fuels like dimethyl ether (DME). Methanol dehydration into DME process has been considered as one of the potential pathways for the manufacture of a clean fuel. However, stable, and active catalyst is exceedingly requisite for generation of DME particularly at reasonably low temperature. In the current study, zirconia incorporated AlPO4 tridymite microporous molecular sieve catalysts were fabricated by a hydrothermal method in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a structure directing agent. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2-sorption assessments. Catalysts’ acidity was estimated by decomposition of isopropanol, pyridine and dimethyl pyridine chemisorption, and pyridine-TPD. Results revealed that catalysts surfaces composed acid sites of Brønsted nature and of weak and medium strengths. Activity results showed that 1 wt% H2SO4 modified zirconia incorporated AlPO4-TRI catalyst calcined at 400 °C presented the best activity with a conversion of 89% and a 100% selectivity into DME at 250 °C. The significant catalytic activity is well-connected to the variation in BET-surface area, acidity, and activation energy of methanol dehydration. The catalysts offered long-term stability for 120 h and could be regenerated with almost the same activity and selectivity.

Graphical Abstract
Health risk assessment of metals in chicken meat and liver in Egypt
Authors: Kamaly Heba F. , Sharkawy Ahmed A.
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of metals such as aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), barium (Ba), bismuth (Bi), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in 360 samples of poultry meat and liver from six brands (A, B, C, D, E, and F) in Assiut, Egypt; compare these concentrations with Egyptian and world permissible limits; and determine their safety for human consumption according to health risk assessment. Chest, thigh muscles, and liver were collected randomly from Assiut city markets, and the concentration of heavy metals was measured in the central laboratory of the faculty of agriculture at Assiut University using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). All the analyzed samples were positive for the tested metals and were far below the allowed maximum permissible limits except for Pb and Fe, which exceeded the Egyptian Organization for Standardization (EOS) permissible limits with 33% and 67%, respectively, as well as Pb and Cd, which exceeded FAO/WHO permissible limits with 94% and 17%, respectively. Health risk assessment revealed the safety and minimum health risk for human consumption of metal residues in poultry tissues and liver using estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TR). Even though the THQ and HI values were significantly lower than 1.0 during our study, heavy metal monitoring in poultry products and byproducts is required for human security and safety.
Heidegger and Patočka on the Primacy of Practices and Phenomenological Pragmatism
Authors: Koloskov Daniil
Published: June 2023

In this paper, I will argue that J. Patočka’s conception of three movements of human existence can be considered a contribution to the “pragmatic turn” in phenomenology. In order to demonstrate this contribution, I will first recapitulate the context of pragmatic turn, outlining both Heidegger’s original position and its consequent pragmatic interpretation offered by H. Dreyfus and other scholars. The core of the pragmatic interpretation is based on a modification of the Primacy of Praxis thesis that can be described as the Primacy of Practices thesis, according to which our background practices, i.e., the ‘contingent ways of acting and judging,’ operate as a “source” of intelligibility. Based on Patočka’s criticisms, I will further argue that Heidegger-inspired pragmatism is hampered by the opposition between authentic and inauthentic disclosure, leading to both the rigidification of everyday practices and rendering authentic disclosure formal and empty. In the final section, I will demonstrate that Patočka’s own conception of the three movements of existence can be seen as committed to the Primacy of Practices thesis and that this version of the Primacy of Practice thesis is more acceptable because it does not share the disdainful attitude in regards of the public world.
Strengthening the Sustainable Development Goals through integration with human rights
Authors: Bexell Magdalena , Hickmann Thomas , Schapper Andrea
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the long-standing human rights system of the United Nations. Thematically, these two modes of global governance strongly overlap. Several SDGs are in line with human rights obligations. At the same time, the SDGs and human rights are based on divergent logics and constructed very differently. After capturing the key characteristics of the two governance modes, this paper highlights the differences between the SDGs and human rights and introduces a novel conceptualisation to enhance our understanding of the relationship between rights-based and goal-based approaches. Against this backdrop, we assess this relationship and argue that human rights have the potential to strengthen and reinforce the SDGs. In particular, we sketch some future pathways to better integrate the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with existing human rights instruments to enhance accountability, review, and participation in decision-making in relation to the SDGs.
A repeated cross-sectional study on the implementation of electronic medication management system
Authors: Kim Eui Dong , Kuan Kevin K. Y. , Vaghasiya Milan Rasikbhai , Gunja Naren , Poon Simon K.
Published: June 2023

Many IS studies focus on initial user perceptions as drivers of initial IS success, but these perceptions may change over time. This study aims to examine whether there is any difference in the drivers of IS success between the initial adoption and the initial assimilation stages. With the Expectation Confirmation Model as the theoretical lens, a repeated cross-sectional study was conducted regarding clinicians’ perceptions of the implementation of electronic medication management systems (eMMS) in an Australian hospital, one at the time of implementation and another one at one year after the implementation. The results indicated that the means of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, clinician satisfaction, and organizational benefits are significantly higher in the initial assimilation stage than in the initial adoption stage, which means that expectations have been positively confirmed in the initial assimilation stage. More importantly, while perceived usefulness and social influence remain important one year after the implementation, perceived ease of use and facilitating conditions are moving toward a decrease in importance to the success of eMMS. This study provides a better understanding of how the importance of the factors influencing eMMS success changes over time.
A Comparison of Attitudes and Knowledge Towards Autism Based on Adult Sibling Experiences
Authors: Morris Victoria , Hendry Gillian , Wilson Claire , Gillespie-Smith Karri , Ballantyne Carrie
Published: June 2023

Studies examining relationships between neurotypical and autistic siblings have reported inconsistent findings when focussing on children and adolescents, with little research investigating adult autistic sibling relationships. This is of particular interest as siblings can often take over the guardianship or care of a sibling when their parents are no longer able to. The current study examined knowledge and attitudes of adult siblings towards autism. 50 mixed sibling types (autistic sibling + neurotypical sibling) & 59 matched sibling types (neurotypical sibling + neurotypical sibling) completed knowledge and attitude questionnaires. In addition, a thematic analysis of responses provided by neurotypical siblings from the mixed sibling types was used to explore experiences with autism based on sibling relationships. Results showed a non-significant difference of attitudes towards autism and a significant difference in knowledge of autism. From the thematic analyses four themes were identified: Robbed Childhood, Sibling over Self, Concerns for the Future, and Autism Awareness. The study found that having a sibling diagnosed with autism can predict knowledge of autism, however, knowledge of autism does not drive attitudes, therefore further research is needed to understand which factors drive neurotypical sibling attitudes since attitudes predict behaviour. The qualitative research showed mixed experiences within childhood and adulthood, with implications on care in the future. The adult perspectives of the autistic sibling relationships are discussed.
A zero-waste approach for the production and use of Arthrospira platensis as a protein source in foods and as a plant biostimulant in agriculture
Authors: Villaró Silvia , Acién Gabriel , Alarcón Javier , Ruiz Ángela , Rodríguez-Chikri Laura , Viviano Emanuele , Lafarga Tomás
Published: June 2023

Food production will have to increase significantly to meet the nutritional needs of the global population. There is also an urgent need to increase the sustainability of food production. Microalgae are a potential sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources and they can also be used in other industries such as agriculture or aquaculture. In this work, the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis was produced in Almeria (Spain) in a pilot-scale reactor (80 m2). The biomass produced was used as a protein source and a plant biostimulant following a biorefinery approach. Biomass productivity reached 5.6 g m−2 day−1. The biomass was rich in proteins (67.8 g (100 g)−1) and pigments, namely chlorophyll (7.6 mg (100 g)−1) and phycocyanin (134.2 mg (100 g)−1). An isoelectric solubilisation/precipitation method assisted by ultrasound led to the recovery of a protein extract with a protein content of 91.3 g (100 g)−1. The protein isolate was evaluated as a source of essential amino acids in tagliatelle, leading to an increase in the content of histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine of 36.3, 75.2, 26.3, 30.0, 45.7, 57.8, and 70.0%, respectively. The protein content also increased from 9.6 to 13.9 g (100 g)−1 when the protein isolate was incorporated at a flour substitution level of 4%. The leftovers from the protein extraction were evaluated as plant biostimulants, for which auxin- and cytokinin-like effects were observed. Root development was especially promoted. The results demonstrated the feasibility of producing Spirulina during the winter in Europe and the potential simultaneous use of the biomass as a food ingredient and as a plant biostimulant.
Applications of Natural Language Processing to Geoscience Text Data and Prospectivity Modeling
Authors: Lawley Christopher J. M. , Gadd Michael G. , Parsa Mohammad , Lederer Graham W. , Graham Garth E. , Ford Arianne
Published: June 2023

Geological maps are powerful models for visualizing the complex distribution of rock types through space and time. However, the descriptive information that forms the basis for a preferred map interpretation is typically stored in geological map databases as unstructured text data that are difficult to use in practice. Herein we apply natural language processing (NLP) to geoscientific text data from Canada, the U.S., and Australia to address that knowledge gap. First, rock descriptions, geological ages, lithostratigraphic and lithodemic information, and other long-form text data are translated to numerical vectors, i.e., a word embedding, using a geoscience language model. Network analysis of word associations, nearest neighbors, and principal component analysis are then used to extract meaningful semantic relationships between rock types. We further demonstrate using simple Naive Bayes classifiers and the area under receiver operating characteristics plots (AUC) how word vectors can be used to: (1) predict the locations of “pegmatitic” (AUC = 0.962) and “alkalic” (AUC = 0.938) rocks; (2) predict mineral potential for Mississippi-Valley-type (AUC = 0.868) and clastic-dominated (AUC = 0.809) Zn-Pb deposits; and (3) search geoscientific text data for analogues of the giant Mount Isa clastic-dominated Zn-Pb deposit using the cosine similarities between word vectors. This form of semantic search is a promising NLP approach for assessing mineral potential with limited training data. Overall, the results highlight how geoscience language models and NLP can be used to extract new knowledge from unstructured text data and reduce the mineral exploration search space for critical raw materials.
Transforming Attitudes Towards the Turk in Edward Ravenscroft’s Mamamouchi, or The citizen turn’d gentleman (1672) and Molière’s Le bourgeois Gentilhomme (1668)
Authors: Caro Partridge Eneas
Published: June 2023

When Edward Ravenscroft approached the polarising figure of the Turk in The citizen turn’d gentleman (1672), an adaptation of Molière’s Le bourgeois gentilhomme (1668), he inherited certain structures and motivations that stem out of very specific attitudes towards the Ottomans that were not easily transposed onto the English context. This did not stop him from penning one of the most successful plays of his time, but it also did not stop the critics from deeming his adaptation a cheap knock-off that hardly altered the original and was closer to a translation than to any exercise of real talent. His adaptation, however, builds on the expectations of his London audiences and the trends on narrative-building regarding East–West relations to cleverly alter the reception of the play rather than the execution thereof, resulting in a minimal style of adaptation that produced a profound outcome. This study explores Ravenscroft’s way of dealing with the very central figure of the Turk in The citizen turn’d gentleman and the relation to the original source material in order to prove that his decision was a conscious act, part of a much more complex adaptative procedure than he is given credit for.
Bifurcation scenarios in the hardware-in-the-loop experiments of highly interrupted milling processes
Authors: Toth Rudolf R. , Stepan Gabor
Published: June 2023

Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) measurements of highly interrupted milling processes were conducted. A real spindle was used with a dummy tool on which the cutting forces were emulated with contactless sensors and actuators. During the experiments, Hopf- and period-doubling bifurcations were identified. The nonlinear dynamics of these period-doubling bifurcations are analyzed for a discrete model of highly interrupted milling. This investigation found the bifurcation to be subcritical, which draws the attention to the limited practical validity of linear stability analysis.
Merely statistical evidence: when and why it justifies belief
Authors: Silva Paul
Published: June 2023

It is one thing to hold that merely statistical evidence issometimesinsufficient for rational belief, as in typical lottery and profiling cases. It is another thing to hold that merely statistical evidence isalwaysinsufficient for rational belief. Indeed, there are cases where statistical evidence plainly does justify belief. This project develops a dispositional account of the normativity of statistical evidence, where the dispositions that ground justifying statistical evidence are connected to the goals (= proper function) of objects. There are strong intuitive motivations for doing this. For we can turn almost any case ofnon-justifyingmerely statistical evidence into a case ofjustifyingmerely statistical evidence by adding information about the dispositions and goals of the objects involved. The resulting view not only helps us understand when and why merely statistical evidence is normatively significant, but it also helps us understand how statistical evidence relates to more standard forms of evidence (perceptual, testimonial). The emerging view also has surprising applications, as it imposes limitations on the epistemic value of fine-tuning arguments for theism as well as undermines a standard class of case-based arguments for moral encroachment.
Thirty-six years of contributions to queueing systems: a content analysis, topic modeling, and graph-based exploration of research published in the QUESTA journal
Authors: Shausan Aminath , Vuorinen Aapeli
Published: June 2023

We investigate the 36-year history of research published in the journal Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications (QUESTA), to uncover trends over time in the research topics and themes covered as well as in authorship, co-authorship, and institutional affiliation. Our analysis includes three different approaches. First, we conduct a content analysis of titles and abstracts using selected keywords to examine trends in the three themes of models, methods, and concepts applied in each article. Second, we employ unsupervised topic modeling to identify more hidden topics discussed in the journal. Finally, we analyze the co-authorship graph to identify trends in co-authorship and changes in collaboration practices between authors and their research institutions. Our findings reveal a persistent popularity of studies focused on the basic modeling of queues, queueing networks, and queueing systems. We also confirm an increase in collaboration among authors over time.
The effect of intrinsic dimension on the Bayes-error of projected quadratic discriminant classification
Authors: Palias Efstratios , Kabán Ata
Published: June 2023

High-dimensionality is a common hurdle in machine learning and pattern classification; mitigating its effects has attracted extensive research efforts. It has been found in a recent NeurIPS paper that, when the data possesses a low effective dimension, the predictive performance of a discriminative quadratic classifier with nuclear norm regularisation enjoys a reduced (logarithmic) dependence on the ambient dimension and depends on the effective dimension instead, while other regularisers are insensitive to the effective dimension. In this paper, we show that dependence on the effective dimension is also exhibited by the Bayes error of the generative Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) classifier, without any explicit regularisation, under three linear dimensionality reduction schemes. Specifically, we derive upper bounds on the Bayes error of QDA, which adapt to the effective dimension, and entirely bypass any dependence on the ambient dimension. Our findings complement previous results on compressive QDA that were obtained under compressive sensing type assumptions on the covariance structure. In contrast, our bounds make no a-priori assumptions on the covariance structure, in turn they tighten in the presence of benign traits of the covariance. We corroborate our findings with numerical experiments.
Potential toxic effects of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the biological, biochemical, and histological aspects of the land snail Helix aspersa
Authors: Abdel-Azeem Hoda H. , Osman Gamalat Y. , Mohamed Azza H.
Published: June 2023

Nanotechnology has come a long way in our lives. However, it maintains some negative effects on the environment. This study aims to use the land snail Helix aspersa as a bioindicator. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) had been used at 70 and 140 µg/L for two weeks by the spraying method. The oxidative biomarkers, condition index (CI), DNA damage, hemocyte count, and phagocytic activity were estimated. The toxicity of TiO2NPs was determined (LC50 = 544 µg/L). The exposure to TiO2NPs caused a significant reduction of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the digestive gland of Helix aspersa (the activity of CAT was 3.4 ± 0.1 (P = 0.001), SOD was 11 ± 1 (P = 0.0002) at concentration 140 µg/L after two weeks). The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was (1.13 ± 0.01 µ/mg protein at 140 µg/L compared with controls (5.47 ± 0.01 µ/mg protein). The treatment caused DNA damage in the hemocytes (tail DNA % = 8.66 ± 0.02 and tail moment = 52.99 ± 0 at140 µg/L (P = 0.002)). In the digestive gland, both tail DNA % and tail moment increased (tail moment = 78.38 ± 0.08 compared with control = 2.29 ± 0.09 (P = 0.0001)). The total count of hemocytes significantly decreased after two weeks (the average number was 71 ± 1.5 compared with controls 79 ± 1.1 at 140 µg/L). Furthermore, TiO2NPs caused histological alterations in the digestive gland of Helix aspersa. It can be concluded that the Helix aspersa can be used as environmental pollution bioindicator. A comprehensive evaluation of toxic effects induced by TiO2NPs in vivo assays must be investigated.
Sources of performance variability in deep learning-based polyp detection
Authors: Tran T. N. , Adler T. J. , Yamlahi A. , Christodoulou E. , Godau P. , Reinke A. , Tizabi M. D. , Sauer P. , Persicke T. , Albert J. G. , Maier-Hein L.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Validation metrics are a key prerequisite for the reliable tracking of scientific progress and for deciding on the potential clinical translation of methods. While recent initiatives aim to develop comprehensive theoretical frameworks for understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis problems, there is a lack of experimental evidence on the concrete effects of common and rare pitfalls on specific applications. We address this gap in the literature in the context of colon cancer screening.

Methods

Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we present the winning solution of the Endoscopy Computer Vision Challenge on colon cancer detection, conducted in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2022. Secondly, we demonstrate the sensitivity of commonly used metrics to a range of hyperparameters as well as the consequences of poor metric choices.

Results

Based on comprehensive validation studies performed with patient data from six clinical centers, we found all commonly applied object detection metrics to be subject to high inter-center variability. Furthermore, our results clearly demonstrate that the adaptation of standard hyperparameters used in the computer vision community does not generally lead to the clinically most plausible results. Finally, we present localization criteria that correspond well to clinical relevance.

Conclusion

We conclude from our study that (1) performance results in polyp detection are highly sensitive to various design choices, (2) common metric configurations do not reflect the clinical need and rely on suboptimal hyperparameters and (3) comparison of performance across datasets can be largely misleading. Our work could be a first step towards reconsidering common validation strategies in deep learning-based colonoscopy and beyond.
Diameter distributions in Pinus sylvestris L. stands: evaluating modelling approaches including a machine learning technique
Authors: Güner Şükrü Teoman , Diamantopoulou Maria J. , Özçelik Ramazan
Published: June 2023

The diameter distribution of trees in a stand provides the basis for determining the stand’s ecological and economic value, its structure and stability and appropriate management practices. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most common and important conifers in Turkey, so a well-planned management schedule is critical. Diameter distribution models to accurately describe the stand structure help improve management strategies, but developing reliable models requires a deep understanding of the growth, output and constraints of the forests. The most important information derived by diameter distribution models is primary data on horizontal stand structure for each diameter class of trees: basal area and volume per unit area. These predictions are required to estimate the range of products and predicted volume and yield from a forest stand. Here, to construct an accurate, reliable diameter distribution model for natural Scots pine stands in the Türkmen Mountain region, we used Johnson’s SB distribution to represent the empirical diameter distributions of the stands using ground-based measurements from 55 sample plots that included 1219 trees in natural distribution zones of the forests. As an alternative, nonparametric approach, which does not require any predefined function, an artificial intelligence model was constructed based on support vector machine methodology. An error index was calculated to evaluate the results. Overall, both Johnson’s SB probability density function with a three-parameter recovery approach and the support vector regression methodology provided reliable estimates of the diameter distribution of these stands.
Acute dyspnea in the emergency department: a clinical review
Authors: Santus Pierachille , Radovanovic Dejan , Saad Marina , Zilianti Camilla , Coppola Silvia , Chiumello Davide Alberto , Pecchiari Matteo
Published: June 2023

Acute dyspnea represents one of the most frequent symptoms leading to emergency room evaluation. Its significant prognostic value warrants a careful evaluation. The differential diagnosis of dyspnea is complex due to the lack of specificity and the loose association between its intensity and the severity of the underlying pathological condition. The initial assessment of dyspnea calls for prompt diagnostic evaluation and identification of optimal monitoring strategy and provides information useful to allocate the patient to the most appropriate setting of care. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicated that lung ultrasound, along with echocardiography, represents the first rapid and non-invasive line of assessment that accurately differentiates heart, lung or extra-pulmonary involvement in patients with dyspnea. Moreover, non-invasive respiratory support modalities such as high-flow nasal oxygen and continuous positive airway pressure have aroused major clinical interest, in light of their efficacy and practicality to treat patients with dyspnea requiring ventilatory support, without using invasive mechanical ventilation. This clinical review is focused on the pathophysiology of acute dyspnea, on its clinical presentation and evaluation, including ultrasound-based diagnostic workup, and on available non-invasive modalities of respiratory support that may be required in patients with acute dyspnea secondary or associated with respiratory failure.
Co-creating educational consumer journeys: A sensemaking perspective
Authors: Beverland Michael B. , Cankurtaran Pınar , Micheli Pietro , Wilner Sarah JS
Published: June 2023

To date, customer education has been framed in terms of one-way information provision, at odds with much of the literature on meaning co-creation. Drawing on an ethnography of a specialty coffee purveyor, we show how staff and consumers co-create educational consumer journeys through the deployment of seven practices: auditing, realignment, marrying competing logics, negotiating scripts, evangelizing, expanding collective knowledge, and impression management. These practices require staff and consumers to enact three different educational roles (educator, student, and peer), which are necessary for the co-creation and extension of consumer journeys. The roles, practices and the journeys themselves emerge iteratively through sensebreaking, sensegiving, and sensemaking processes among staff, consumers and the servicescape. Our findings frame customer education as a dynamic process in which meaning is co-created between participants. Furthermore, the cues and touchpoints needed for meaning-making shift as power relations between participants change. Managerially, these findings highlight the potential of co-created educational consumer journeys to expand established market categories.
Intracoronary Imaging Assessment of Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Jolly George , Ghatnekar Nikhil , Kaki Amir , Bharadwaj Aditya
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

This review focuses on the benefits, limitations, and evidence regarding the use of various intravascular imaging modalities in evaluating the etiology of stent thrombosis (ST).

Recent Findings

Intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography can be used clinically to evaluate the etiology of ST including malapposition, underexpansion, stent fracture, and neoatherosclerosis. Near-infrared fluorescence has also been shown to have niche benefits in ST due to abnormal stent endothelization. Additionally, intravascular imaging also helps guide intervention depending on the etiology of stent thrombosis.

Intravascular imaging has been shown to provide valuable information regarding the etiology of ST and helps in guiding intervention for these lesions.
Systematic assessment of SpaceLiner passenger cabin emergency separation using multi-body simulations
Authors: Sippel Martin , Stappert Sven , Bayrak Yusuf Mete , Bussler Leonid
Published: June 2023

The SpaceLiner ultra-high-speed rocket-propelled passenger transport is in Phase A conceptual design. The ongoing concept evolution is addressing system aspects of the next configuration release 8. The space transportation role of the SpaceLiner concept as a TSTO-launcher is further refined and suitable precursor steps with expendable upper stages are investigated. In the central part of the paper, the separation of the passenger cabin and rescue capsule and its subsystems is systematically investigated for relevant emergency conditions. The separation process is studied taking into account multi-body dynamics of the up to three vehicles. A critical assessment of the baseline procedure and potential improvements of components’ design and sequences are discussed.
Input data resolution affects the conservation prioritization outcome of spatially sparse biodiversity features
Authors: Tanhuanpää Topi , Mikkonen Ninni , Kujala Heini , Heinaro Einari , Mäyrä Janne , Kumpula Timo
Published: June 2023

Detailed spatial data are an essential part of land use planning and decision-making. Their spatial resolution sets limitations to their use, as coarse datasets are not suitable for detecting small-scale phenomena. In this study, we explored the effects of spatial resolution on the ecological outcome of a conservation prioritization process in Zonation software. Our study area was in Evo, southern Finland, covering a mosaic of managed and conserved forests. We produced the feature layers describing the forest characteristics using high-resolution remote sensing datasets, object-based mapping methods, and forest site type data. We found that increasing the resolution above the 16 m baseline resolution resulted in substantial errors. The conservation errors were the highest for rare features related to European Aspen, whereas the common features related to dominant tree species could benefit from the growth of cell size. We conclude that adequate spatial resolution is a prerequisite for efficient conservation prioritization, and that the size and spatial distribution of the features affect the resolution requirements.
Mental and Physical Health Conditions Among U.S. Veterans with Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorders
Authors: Livne Ofir , Mannes Zachary L. , McDowell Yoanna E. , Shmulewitz Dvora , Malte Carol A. , Saxon Andrew J. , Hasin Deborah S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

Veterans are a large population that is disproportionately affected by various physical and mental health conditions. The primary aim of this review is to provide a concise overview of recent literature on the prevalence of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) among US veterans, and associations with mental and physical health conditions. We also addressed gaps in the literature by investigating associations between CUD and mental and physical health conditions in 2019 data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA; N = 5,657,277).

Recent Findings

In total, 25 studies were reviewed. In 2019, the prevalence of Veteran cannabis use ranged from 11.9–18.7%. Cannabis use and CUD were associated with bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, suicidality, pain conditions, and other substance use, but less consistently associated with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Analyses of 2019 VHA data indicated that CUD was strongly associated with a broad array of physical and mental health conditions and mortality.

Cannabis use and CUD are prevalent and highly comorbid with other conditions among US veterans. Harm reduction methods tailored to these populations are needed.
From Collaborative Construction, Through Whole-Class Presentation, to a Posteriori Reflection: Proof Progression in a Topology Classroom
Authors: Kontorovich Igor’ , Greenwood Sina
Published: June 2023

Coming from a social perspective, we introduce a classroom organizational frame, where students’ proofs progress from collaborative construction in small groups, through whole-class presentation at the board by one of the constructors, to a posteriori reflection. This design is informed by a view on proofs as successive social processes in the mathematics community. To illustrate opportunities for mathematics learning of proof progressions, we present a commognitive analysis of a single proof from a small course in topology. The analysis illuminates the processes through which students’ proof was restructured, developed previously unarticulated elements, and became more formal and elaborate. Within this progression, the provers developed their mathematical discourses and the course teacher seized valuable teachable moments. The findings are discussed in relation to key themes within the social perspective on proof.
Influence of adaptive coupling points on coalition formation in multi-energy systems
Authors: Schrage Rico , Nieße Astrid
Published: June 2023

The share and variants of coupling points (CPs) between different energy carrier networks (such as the gas or power grids) are increasing, which results in the necessity of the analysis of so-called multi-energy systems (MES). One approach is to consider the MES as a graph network, in which coupling points are modeled as edges with energy efficiency as weight. On such a network, local coalitions can be formed using multi-agent systems leading to a dynamic graph partitioning, which can be a prerequisite for the efficient decentralized system operation. However, the graph can not be considered static, as the energy units representing CPs can shut down, leading to network decoupling and affecting graph partitions. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of network adaptivity on the dynamics of an exemplary coalition formation approach from a complex network point of view using a case study of a benchmark power network extended to an MES. This study shows: first, the feasibility of complex network modeling of MES as a cyber-physical system; second, how the coalition formation system behaves, how the coupling points impact this system, and how these impact metrics relate to the CP node attributes.
Conversion of carbonaceous materials into solid acids for tylosin mitigation: effect of preprocessing methods on the reactivity of sulfonation reaction
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Xie Qianqian , Dou Xiaomin , Zhang Lanxi , Yang Xiao
Published: June 2023

Carbon-based solid acids have been successfully employed as acidic catalysts for pollutant mitigation in wastewater. To fully tap the potentials of commercially viable carbons for the preparation of solid acids and enhance their catalytic performances is a challenging problem. In this work, three commercialized carbons including biochar, activated carbon and graphite were preprocessed (ball-milling, Hummer exfoliation, HNO3 soaking, and microwave heating in HNO3, etc.), sulfonated, and evaluated as solid-acid catalysts for tylosin mitigation. Graphite-originated solid acid performed the best through a balling-milling preprocess, while biochar-originated solid acids behaved well under all preprocessing treatments, in which 40 mg L−1 of tylosin was mitigated within 8 min by 1 g L−1 of biochar-originated solid acids. The biochar solid acid through the ball-milling preprocess presented high total acidity and large amounts of –SO3H groups, due to dramatically increased surface area and the rise of activation groups (hydroxyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups, etc.) facilitating electrophilic reaction. In addition, decreased particle size and aromaticity and increased structural defects also contributed. Theoretical calculation of average local ionization energy (ALIE) of condensed aromatic model molecules with substituted activation groups confirmed the promoting effects on sulfonation from strong to weak were 8.40–9.06 eV. These findings have deepened the knowledge in tuning carbon surface chemistry for better sulfonation, thus strengthening catalytic degradation of tylosin. The value of this study is in pulling a clear thread for maneuvering solid-acid catalysts using carbons, which holds a novel promise for rationally functionalizing biochar-based catalysts for the remediation of macrolide antibiotics in polluted water.

Graphical Abstract
The effect of governance quality on future economic growth: an analysis and comparison of emerging market and developed economies
Authors: Misi Lopes Luana Enikő , Packham Natalie , Walther Ursula
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the influence of the six World Governance Indicators (WGIs), as defined by the World Bank, on the real GDP growth of five emerging markets, the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries, and three advanced economies, the United States, Germany and Japan. The analysis is based on a panel data set containing the six WGIs along with further macroeconomic variables (government debt, external debt, current account balance, trade balance, budget balance, foreign exchange rate and short-term interest rate), with annual data from 1996 to 2018. We find that regulatory quality has a positive impact on economic growth, an effect that remains stable across all robustness tests. This indicates that a sound regulatory environment stimulates economic growth. We also find a negative impact of rule of law on economic growth, but this effect is not robust. The literature, however, documents a negative effect from income to rule of law, expressing that higher income does not necessarily lead to a demand for better institutions. A principal component analysis on the WGIs shows that governance is diverse across countries, while stable over time. The first two PCs capture more than 95% of the WGIs variance and are able to cluster emerging and developed markets.
Greek Poetry in the Age of Ephemerality
Authors: Nooter Sarah
Published: June 2023

This book suggests that poetry offers a way to remain in the world – not only by declarations of intent or the promotion of remembrance, but also through the durable physicality of its practice. Whether carved in stone or wood, printed onto a page, beat out by a mimetic or rhythmic body, or humming in the mind, poems are meant to engrave and adhere. Ancient Greek poetry exhibits a particularly acute awareness of change, decay, and the ephemerality inherent in mortality. Yet it couples its presentation of this awareness with an offering of meaningful embodiment in shifting forms that are aligned with, yet subtly manipulative of, mortal time. Sarah Nooter's argument ranges widely across authors and genres, from Homer and the Homeric Hymns through Sappho and Archilochus to Pindar and Aeschylus. The book will be compelling reading for all those interested in Greek literature and in poetry more broadly.
Generic self-awareness in a Komnenian novel: the hero in Drosilla and Charikles
Authors: Cortez Paloma
Published: June 2023

This article examines the twelfth-century novel Drosilla and Charikles by Niketas Eugenianos from the perspective of cognitive frames. Based on the analysis of two key passages (1.230–57 and 3.341–50), I argue that the hero recognizes himself as part of the novelistic plot. While such metanarrative features of the Komnenian novels have been recognized previously, the cognitive approach offered in this article allows for a better understanding of the narratological complexities at play in Eugenianos’ novel and in the ancient and Byzantine novelistic genre at large.
Simple fibrations in -surfaces
Authors: Coughlan Stephen , Pignatelli Roberto
Published: June 2023

We introduce the notion of a simple fibration in

$(1,2)$

-surfaces – that is, a hypersurface inside a certain weighted projective space bundle over a curve such that the general fibre is a minimal surface of general type with

$p_g=2$

and

$K^2=1$

. We prove that almost all Gorenstein simple fibrations over the projective line with at worst canonical singularities are canonical threefolds ‘on the Noether line’ with

$K^3=\frac 43 p_g-\frac {10}3$

, and we classify them. Among them, we find all the canonical threefolds on the Noether line that have previously appeared in the literature.

The Gorenstein simple fibrations over

${\mathbb {P}}^1$

are Cartier divisors in a toric

$4$

-fold. This allows to us to show, among other things, that the previously known canonical threefolds on the Noether line form an open subset of the moduli space of canonical threefolds, that the general element of this component is a Mori Dream Space and that there is a second component when the geometric genus is congruent to

$6$

modulo

$8$

; the threefolds in this component are new.
On the stability of piston-driven planar shocks
Authors: Calvo-Rivera Andrés , Velikovich Alexander L. , Huete César
Published: June 2023

We present a theoretical and numerical stability analysis for a piston-driven planar shock against two-dimensional perturbations. The results agree with the well-established theory for isolated planar shocks: in the range of

$h_c< h<1+2 {\mathcal {M}}_2$

, where

$h$

is the D'yakov–Kontorovich (DK) parameter related to the slope of the Rankine–Hugoniot curve,

$h_c$

is its critical value corresponding to the onset of the spontaneous acoustic emission (SAE) and

${\mathcal {M}}_2$

is the downstream Mach number, non-decaying oscillations of shock-front ripples occur. The effect of the piston is manifested in the presence of additional frequencies occurring by the reflection of the sonic waves on the piston surface that can reach the shock. An unstable behaviour of the shock perturbation is found to be possible when there is an external excitation source affecting the shock, whose frequency coincides with the self-induced oscillation frequency in the SAE regime, thereby being limited to the range

$h_c< h<1+2 {\mathcal {M}}_2$

. An unstable evolution of the shock is also observed for planar shocks restricted to one-dimensional perturbations within the range

$1< h<1+2 {\mathcal {M}}_2$

. Both numerical integration of the Euler equations via the method of characteristics and theoretical analysis via Laplace transform are employed to cross-validate the results.
Impact dynamics of compound drops of fluids with density contrast
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Chun-Yu , Liu Hao-Ran , Ding Hang
Published: June 2023

The dynamics of compound drops impacting on a flat substrate is numerically investigated using a ternary-fluid diffuse-interface method, with the aim of assessing the effect of a density difference between the inner and outer droplets (denoted by

$\lambda$

) on the evolution of the interfaces. With the help of numerical simulations, we find that, at the intermediate stage of drop impact, the inner droplet exhibits a self-similar deformation at

$\lambda =1$

and relatively high Weber number, and experiences more or less a uniform acceleration for various

$\lambda$

. In particular, the acceleration magnitude at

$\lambda \ne 1$

can be correlated with the acceleration at

$\lambda =1$

and the Atwood number. When the inner droplet is denser than the outer one, a lamella occurs at the spreading front of the inner droplet. We present a scaling analysis of the thickness of the lamella, and the resultant theoretical prediction is in good agreement with numerical results. At the maximal spreading of the compound drop, a bulging structure is formed around the symmetry axis due to the presence of the inner droplet, thereby effectively reducing the liquid supply to the spreading front and leading to a decrease of maximal spreading ratio

$\beta _{max}$

as compared with a pure drop. We proposed a corrected Weber number

$We^*_\lambda$

by taking account of the combined effects of

$\lambda$

, volume fraction of the inner droplet, Weber number and morphology of the compound drop. Integrating

$We^*_\lambda$

with the universal model of

$\beta _{max}$

for impacting pure drops, we successfully build up a new model for predicting the maximal spreading ratio of impacting compound drops with various

$\lambda$

.
Extropy: Characterizations and dynamic versions
Authors: Toomaj Abdolsaeed , Hashempour Majid , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy
Published: June 2023

Several information measures have been proposed and studied in the literature. One such measure is extropy, a complementary dual function of entropy. Its meaning and related aging notions have not yet been studied in great detail. In this paper, we first illustrate that extropy information ranks the uniformity of a wide array of absolutely continuous families. We then discuss several theoretical merits of extropy. We also provide a closed-form expression of it for finite mixture distributions. Finally, the dynamic versions of extropy are also discussed, specifically the residual extropy and past extropy measures.