bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um resgate histórico do LABIOMEC na história do CEFD 50 anos: parte 1
Authors: Mota Carlos Bolli , Soares Juliana Corrêa , Rossato Carla Emilia , Pivetta Franciele Marques , Da Silva Marta Cristina Rodrigues , Silveira Mateus Corrêa , De Souza Gabriela dos Santos , Meereis-Lemos Estele Caroline Welter , Barbosa Igor Martins , Löbell Rose , Machado Rafaela Oliveira , Saccol Michele Forgiarini
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um pouco da história e da evolução do Laboratório de Biomecânica (LABIOMEC) ao longo dos 50 anos do Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD) da Universidade Federal da Santa Maria. Para tanto foram realizadas buscas em documentos físicos e arquivos digitais no período de 1970 até os dias atuais em relação ao LABIOMEC em artigos, trabalhos em eventos, monografias de graduação, especialização, dissertações e teses. O artigo foi subdividido em duas partes e nesta primeira é realizado o resgate histórico dos anos iniciais e a evolução técnico-científica ocorrida. A importância desse relato é permitir que parte da história do LABIOMEC e das pessoas que realizaram suas atividades no laboratório como docentes ou discentes fique registrada de forma permanente.
Revisitando o passado... (Re)pensando o Presente: o CEFED/UFSM , o Tempo e o Lugar Social do Profissional de Educação Física
Authors: Caetano Antonio Filipe Pereira , Moura Eriberto José Lessa de
Published: January 2022

A obra Memórias das Trajetórias e Desafios no Cinquentenários do Centro de Educação Física e Desporto/Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, organizada por João Francisco Magno Ribas e Maria Cecília da Silva Camargo, publicada este ano pela editora UNIJUI, foi pensada, edificada, escrita e publicada com o propósito de compreender o passado e construir uma visão sobre trajetórias de sujeitos deste Centro. A linha do tempo traçada pela obra descortina uma Unidade Acadêmica plural, diversificada, sólida, consciente de suas ações e, mais do que isso, comprometida com o papel de primeira “Universidade Pública Federal instaurada no interior do país”.
0 HOVIHENTO NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Paixão Jacira da Silva
Published: January 2022

O movimento humano é a linguagem do corpo. É objeto de estudo e aplicação da Educação Fisica, e encerra infinitas possibilidades tanto a nível físico como mental, afetivo-emocional e social. 0 movimento é a maneira pela qual alcançamos os objetivos pro­postos pela Educação Fisica e, por isso, acreditamos que o mesmo de­va ser considerado, principalmente, no tocante aos aspectos da Educa ção do Movimento e da Educação pelo Movimento. Verificamos que, atualmente, há muita discussão e interesse em relação a esses dois aspectos. Portanto, pretendemos com este estu­do, a partir da opinião de alguns autores, contribuir para que se fa ça uma reflexão sobre o que implica um e outro aspecto para a Educa­ção Fisica.
Apresentação
Authors: Quadros Claudemir de
Published: January 2022

Apresentação do v. 11, n. 20, 2022, da Regae.
Ischemic colitis complicated by Clostridioides difficile infection treated with fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Kang Seok Hyung , Gweon Tae-Geun , Hwang Hyunjung , Baeg Myong Ki
Published: January 2022

Ischemic colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon that results from insufficient blood supply commonly caused by enterocolitis, vessel occlusion, or shock. In contrast, pseudomembranous colitis is a clinical manifestation of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Ischemic colitis caused by CDI has rarely been reported. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an efficient treatment for refractory or fulminant CDI, and the indications for its use have recently expanded. However, performing FMT in patients with ischemic colitis is challenging because of the risk of perforation. Here, we have presented a case of ischemic colitis caused by CDI that was successfully treated with FMT via sigmoidoscopy.
Forecasting the flap: predictors for pediatric lower extremity trauma reconstruction
Authors: Fallah Kasra N. , Konty Logan A. , Anderson Brady J. , Cepeda Jr Alfredo , Lamaris Grigorios A. , Nguyen Phuong D. , Greives Matthew R.
Published: January 2022

Background Predicting the need for post-traumatic reconstruction of lower extremity injuries remains a challenge. Due to the larger volume of cases in adults than in children, the majority of the medical literature has focused on adult lower extremity reconstruction. This study evaluates predictive risk factors associated with the need for free flap reconstruction in pediatric patients following lower extremity trauma.

Methods An IRB-approved retrospective chart analysis over a 5-year period (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017) was performed, including all pediatric patients (<18 years old) diagnosed with one or more lower extremity wounds. Patient demographics, trauma information, and operative information were reviewed. The statistical analysis consisted of univariate and multivariate regression models to identify predictor variables associated with free flap reconstruction.

Results In total, 1,821 patients were identified who fit our search criteria, of whom 41 patients (2.25%) required free flap reconstruction, 65 patients (3.57%) required local flap reconstruction, and 19 patients (1.04%) required skin graft reconstruction. We determined that older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.134; P =0.002), all-terrain vehicle accidents (OR, 6.698; P<0.001), and trauma team activation (OR, 2.443; P=0.034) were associated with the need for free flap reconstruction following lower extremity trauma in our pediatric population.

Conclusions Our study demonstrates a higher likelihood of free flap reconstruction in older pediatric patients, those involved in all-terrain vehicle accidents, and cases involving activation of the trauma team. This information can be implemented to help develop an early risk calculator that defines the need for complex lower extremity reconstruction in the pediatric population.
Immunogenicity of botulinum toxin
Authors: Wee Syeo Young , Park Eun Soo
Published: January 2022

Botulinum toxin treatment is the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Although there are many available treatments using botulinum toxin, their effects are temporary and repeated injections are required. These frequent injections can trigger an immunological response. In addition, botulinum toxin acts as an antigen in the body; thus, its effect disappears progressively due to this immunological reaction, which may cause treatment failure. Active botulinum toxin consists of a core neurotoxin and complexing proteins, the exact effects of which remain unclear. However, the complexing proteins are closely related to the immune response and the formation of neutralizing antibodies. Since neutralizing antibodies can lead to treatment failure, their formation should be prevented. Furthermore, various methods of detecting neutralizing antibodies have been used to predict treatment failure.
Reconstruction of a large chest wall defect using bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps and V-Y rotation advancement flaps: a case report
Authors: Jo Gang Yeon , Yoon Jin Myung , Ki Sae Hwi
Published: January 2022

Bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flaps are commonly used to reconstruct large chest wall defects. We report a case of large chest wall defect reconstruction using bilateral PMMC flaps augmented with axillary V-Y advancement rotation flaps for additional flap advancement. A 74-year-old male patient was operated on for recurrent glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Excision of the tumor resulted in a 10×10 cm defect in the anterior chest wall. Bilateral PMMC flaps were raised to cover the chest wall defect. For further flap advancement, V-Y rotation advancement flaps from both axillae were added to allow complete closure. All flaps survived completely, and postoperative shoulder abduction was not limited (100° on the right side and 92° on the left). Age-related skin redundancy in the axillae enabled the use of V-Y rotation advancement flaps without limitation of shoulder motion. Bilateral PMMC advancement flaps and the additional use of V-Y rotation advancement flaps from both axillae may be a useful reconstructive option for very large chest wall defects in older patients.
Incidence of fistula after primary cleft palate repair: a 25-year assessment of one surgeon’s experience
Authors: Park Min Suk , Seo Hyung Joon , Bae Yong Chan
Published: January 2022

Background Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most frequent congenital craniofacial deformities, with an incidence of approximately 1 per 700 people. Postoperative palatal fistula is one of the most significant long-term complications. This study investigated the incidence of postoperative palatal fistula and its predictive factors based on 25 years of experience at our hospital.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed 636 consecutive palatal repairs performed between January 1996 and October 2020 by a single surgeon. Data from patients’ medical records regarding cleft palate repair were analyzed. The preoperative extent of the cleft was evaluated using the Veau classification system, and the cleft palate repair technique was chosen according to the extent of the cleft. SPSS version 25.0 was used for all statistical analyses, and exploratory univariate associations were investigated using the t-test.

Results Fistulas occurred in 20 of the 636 patients; thus, the incidence of palatal fistula was 3.1%. The most common fistula location was the hard palate (9/20, 45%), followed by the junction of the hard and soft palate (6/20, 30%) and the soft palate (5/20, 25%). The cleft palate repair technique significantly predicted the incidence of palatal fistula following cleft palate repair (P=0.042). Fistula incidence was significantly higher in patients who underwent surgery using the Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty technique (12.1%) than in cases where the Busan modification (3.0%) or two-flap technique (2.0%) was used.

Conclusions The overall incidence of palatal fistulas was 3.1% in this study. Moreover, the technique of cleft palate repair predicted fistula incidence.
Regreso a casa: tres maneras de volver a un mundo cinematográfico en tiempos de COVID
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Roig Antoni
Published: January 2022

Las fiestas navideñas suelen ser uno de los principales escaparates de grandes estrenos cinematográficos de atractivo comercial. En este sentido, 2021 no ha sido una excepción. Pero, como bien sabemos, ha resultado ser un año (otro) complicado también para el cine, que vive sumido en una situación de incertidumbre sin precedentes. En este artículo para COMeIN me acerco, sin juicio o voluntad valorativa, a tres estrategias muy distintas, tres películas muy diferentes, que sin embargo tienen en común su voluntad de regresar explícitamente a un mundo cinematográfico con raíces que se remontan a décadas atrás: Spider-Man: No Way Home, Matrix Resurrections y West Side Story.
Comparative and superlative degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs as a means of representation of the center of the functional-semantic field of comparativity (based on modern publicistic texts of in the German and Russian languages)
Authors: Shatalova Alena Vladimirovna
Published: January 2022

The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by rapid development of the functional vector in modern linguistics and its impact upon the nature of contrastive research. Shift in the focus of attention is associated by the scholars’ pursuit to view the linguistic phenomena and facts from the perspective of their functionality in speech. The characteristic feature of the research conducted by modern linguists is the application of field approach towards studying the linguistic phenomena. The starting point within the framework of this approach is certain common meaning; it is followed by determination of the various linguistic means for expressing this meaning. A number of scholars, including L. G. Popova, L. M. Shatilova, I. S. Kalyatin, and A. V. Shatalov, in their works conduct a linguistic analysis of linguistic means  that function within the boundaries of functional-semantic field of comparativity based on the material of cognate and non-cognate languages. The object of this research is the grammatical means of expressing comparativity in the German and Russian languages. The subject of this research is the semantics and structure of the central components of functional-semantic field of comparativity in the languages under consideration. The goal lies in revealing the common and distinctive features in the formation and use of comparative and superlative forms in the German and Russian languages. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to examine the category of comparativity on the material of German and Russian languages, and the representative grammatical means that form the core of functional-semantic field of comparativity, using the texts of modern journals and newspapers. It is determined that the core of functional-semantic field of comparativity in the German and Russian languages lies in comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs.
2D Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Synthetic Strategies to Advanced Optical‐Electrical‐Magnetic Functionalities
Authors: Wang Congyong , Zhang Zhicheng , Zhu Yating , Yang Chenhuai , Wu Jishan , Hu Wenping
Published: January 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), an emerging class of organic crystalline polymers with highly oriented structures and permanent porosity, can adopt 2D or 3D architectures depending on the different topological diagrams of the monomers. Notably, 2D COFs have particularly gained much attention due to the extraordinary merits of their extended in‐plane π‐conjugation and topologically ordered columnar π‐arrays. These properties together with high crystallinity, large surface area, and tunable porosity distinguish 2D COFs as an ideal candidate for the fabrication of functional materials. Herein, this review surveys the recent research advances in 2D COFs with special emphasis on the preparation of 2D COF powders, single crystals, and thin films, as well as their advanced optical, electrical, and magnetic functionalities. Some challenging issues and potential research outlook for 2D COFs are also provided for promoting their development in terms of structure, synthesis, and functionalities.
The multipotent thidiazuron: A mechanistic overview of its roles in callogenesis and other plant cultures in vitro
Authors: Ali Haroon Muhammad , Khan Tariq , Khan Mubarak Ali , Ullah Nazif
Published: January 2022

Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its function is that it can mimic auxins and cytokinin but is chemically different from these two. Many theories have been put forward, and experiments performed to understand the mode of action of TDZ in callogenesis. One suggested mechanism presents that it works by inhibiting the cytokinin degrading enzymes that compete with cytokinin for an active site on the enzyme. An example is the TDZ‐induced suppressed expression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes encodingGA3andGA20 oxidases. This is entailed with a slightly increased expression of GA catabolism genes encodingGA20 oxidase. Similarly, one of the recommendations is that TDZ induces the expression of specific genes and transcription regulatory sequences that are either responsible directly for callus formation or in turn induce other auxins or cytokinin for callogenesis. There is no concise review available that discusses the details of TDZ‐induced callus, specifically and other in vitro cultures in general. This review is an attempt to explore all these pathways and mechanisms involved in callogenesis in plants stimulated by TDZ.
Defining professional support by counselor education faculty of color using critical race theory
Authors: Ann Shillingford M. , Ngazimbi Evadne E. , Patel Samir H.
Published: January 2022

Implementing professional support systems that are beneficial to the professional needs of faculty of color (FOC) have been found to promote positive work environments. Using a Critical Race Theory lens, the results of this qualitative study yielded two important themes related to support for counselor educators of color (a) culturally responsive mentoring and (b) purposeful support toward tenure and promotion. Culturally relevant implications that addresses programs and systems have been provided.
Evaluating warm‐season annual forages to fill summer forage gaps in short‐season climates
Authors: Billman Eric D. , de Souza Igor A. , Smith Richard G. , Soder Kathy J. , Warren Nicholas , Brito André F.
Published: January 2022

Annual warm‐season forages have been used to fill productivity and nutritional gaps during summer months throughout the southeastern United States. However, their performance and nutritive value in cooler, short‐season temperate climates above 40 °N has been less well studied. This study evaluated the forage mass and nutritive value of four warm‐season annual forages {brown midrib [BMR] sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor ssp. Drummondii (L.) Moench], buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), Japanese millet [Echniochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz], and teff [Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter]} compared with a cool‐season small grain forage, oat (Avena sativa L.), and a cool‐season annual forage legume, chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.). Monocultures of the six annual forage species, along with a mixture of all six species, were evaluated over 2 years in southeastern New Hampshire. Forage mass and nutritive value were assessed at weekly intervals over 3 weeks in July–August, approximately 4‐to‐5 weeks post‐germination. Across all three harvests, buckwheat, Japanese millet, and the summer mix produced greater forage mass than oat, while chickling vetch and teff produced the least. Conversely, chickling vetch had greater crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber compared with oat, while buckwheat had the lowest CP, in vitro true dry matter digestibility, and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility of all the species assessed. Japanese millet produced greater forage mass while providing similar nutritive value as oat, making it a good alternative warm‐season annual forage for use under cool, short growing seasons.
BrainForge: An online data analysis platform for integrative neuroimaging acquisition, analysis, and sharing
Authors: Verner Eric , Petropoulos Helen , Baker Bradley , Bockholt Henry Jeremy , Fries Jill , Bohsali Anastasia , Raja Rajikha , Trinh Duc Hoai , Calhoun Vince
Published: January 2022

BrainForge is a cloud‐enabled, web‐based analysis platform for neuroimaging research. This website allows users to archive data from a study and effortlessly process data on a high‐performance computing cluster. After analyses are completed, results can be quickly shared with colleagues. BrainForge solves multiple problems for researchers who want to analyze neuroimaging data, including issues related to software, reproducibility, computational resources, and data sharing. BrainForge can currently process structural, functional, diffusion, and arterial spin labeling MRI modalities, including preprocessing and group level analyses. Additional pipelines are currently being added, and the pipelines can accept the BIDS format. Analyses are conducted completely inside of Singularity containers and utilize popular software packages including Nipype, Statistical Parametric Mapping, the Group ICA of fMRI Toolbox, and FreeSurfer. BrainForge also features several interfaces for group analysis, including a fully automated adaptive ICA approach.
A harmonized country‐level dataset to support the global stocktake regarding loss and damage from climate change
Authors: Scown Murray W. , Chaffin Brian C. , Triyanti Annisa , Boyd Emily
Published: January 2022

Under the Paris Agreement, parties should undertake a global stocktake of progress toward meeting the goals of the agreement and tackling climate change. The first global stocktake will be undertaken in 2023, and an assessment of loss and damage from climate change is an important part of the process. Loss and damage refer to the impacts of climate change felt when mitigation and adaptation efforts are inadequate or absent. Much data, including metrics and indicators relevant for loss and damage, are held in existing global databases, but these are disparate and cannot easily be combined and compared to support the global stocktake. We combine relevant primary data sources to provide a harmonized country‐level global dataset containing relevant indicators of recorded losses and damages from climate‐related events; exposure to climate‐related events; country vulnerability and adaptation readiness; scientific studies of climate change attribution; financial support for climate adaptation; and contextual governance conditions. The indicators are standardized against country population and GDP where relevant. We describe original data sources, processing steps, and an overview of key indicators in the dataset. We also compare the assembled data to existing global risk databases; namely, the INFORM risk index and the World Risk Index. This comparison, provided in the Supporting Information, shows a large amount of redundancy among vulnerability and governance indicators, and we suggest that creators of new databases and risk indices be clear about data limitations and the gaps that specific indices attempt to fill in the global data landscape. We recommend the standard use of ISO codes in future databases of this nature, as well as clear metadata regarding how overseas territories are treated relative to their sovereign state, and information on dissolution and creation of states over time.
A Randomized Trial Assessing the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy During Morning Off of AZ‐009
Authors: Thijssen Eva , den Heijer Jonas , Puibert David , Moss Laurence , Lei Mingzu , Hasegawa David , Keum Kyo , Mochel Ken , Ezzeldin Sharaf Mohammed , Alfredson Tom , Zeng Wenxiang , van Brummelen Emilie , Naranda Tatjana , Groeneveld Geert Jan
Published: January 2022

Background

Inhalation of apomorphine could be a faster‐acting and more user‐friendly alternative to subcutaneous injection for treating off periods in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the safety and pharmacokinetics of inhaled apomorphine (AZ‐009) with subcutaneous apomorphine (APO‐go PEN) in healthy volunteers (HVs) and to examine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of AZ‐009 in patients with PD.

Methods

In part A of this study, eight HVs received 1 mg AZ‐009 and 2 mg subcutaneous apomorphine in a randomized crossover manner. In the subsequent single ascending dose parts in HVs (part B, n = 16) and patients with PD (part C, n = 25), participants were randomized to placebo or AZ‐009 up to 4 mg. In patients, after medication withdrawal, Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III and on/off states were assessed predose and postdose.

Results

AZ‐009 was rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations at 2 minutes, as compared to 30 minutes for subcutaneous apomorphine. Adverse events for AZ‐009 were comparable to subcutaneous apomorphine, except for mild and transient throat irritation. Adverse events limited AZ‐009 dose escalation in HVs to 3 mg. Patients tolerated up to 4 mg. In patients with PD, 2, 3, and 4 mg AZ‐009 reduced mean Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III score (standard deviation) by 10.7 (13.6), 12.8 (7.9), and 10.3 (3.7) points, respectively, compared to 4.8 (4.9) after placebo at 10 minutes postdose. The percentage of patients achieving full on within 45 minutes postdose increased dose dependently: 0% (placebo), 17% (2 mg), 50% (3 mg), and 83% (4 mg).

Conclusions

AZ‐009 appears to be a rapid‐acting and reasonably well‐tolerated formulation for treating off periods. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Efficiency, safety, and reliability analysis of turbocharging in a large container vessel
Authors: Anantharaman Mohan , Islam Rabiul , Garaniya Vikram , Khan Faisal
Published: January 2022

Commercial shipping is currently dominated by mega container vessels. The shipping industry has seen a 10‐fold increase in the size of containers over the last four decades. These vessels are propelled by large marine diesel engines, hereafter referred to as the main engine. The performance of the main engine is determined by its subsystems. An important part of the main engine is the turbocharging system, which contributes to its safety, efficiency, and reliability. In this study, the effectiveness and reliability of the turbocharging system are evaluated. The Australian Maritime College has a Kongsberg Engine Simulator that can produce a variety of malfunctions on a running engine's turbocharging system. Analyzing the results obtained from the simulator determines the efficiency of the turbochargers. The study will provide recommendations for improving the safety of the turbocharging system for better performance to be achieved by the turbochargers, leading to an improvement in the main engine's performance. Last, the reliability of the turbocharging system is evaluated quantitatively using a fault tree analysis and reliability block diagrams. This will enable an optimum maintenance strategy to be established to ensure the safe operation of the vessel.
Event‐based finite‐time H∞ synchronization control for switched complex networks with average dwell time
Authors: Xu Tianlin , Liu Shuai , Wei Guoliang
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the problem of the event‐triggered finite‐time nonfragile synchronization control for a class of discrete time‐delayed complex networks with switched topology. To decrease the unnecessary signal transmission and save control cost, the dynamic event‐triggering scheme is employed in the controller‐to‐actuator channel where the varying triggering threshold is governed by a dynamical equation. The main purpose of this paper is to design a nonfragile synchronization controller such that the synchronization error dynamics satisfies both the finite‐time boundedness and the disturbance rejection level. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and using the average‐dwell‐time technique, the desired controller gains are acquired in terms of the solution to a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization controller design scheme.
Stabilizing regions of PID controller for a class of unknown nonlinear non‐affine discrete‐time systems
Authors: Xiong Shuangshuang , Hou Zhongsheng
Published: January 2022

Based on the technology of dynamic linearization, the stability regions of PID, PI, PD, and P type controllers are investigated for a class of unknown nonlinear non‐affine discrete‐time systems. An equivalent data model to the unknown nonlinear system is established first through the dynamic linearization technique. Then based on the established data model, the determination of the structure of PID/PI controller has been given by rigorous theoretical derivation. The closed‐loop system is shown to be asymptotically stable for the PID, PI controllers, and the output/input signals of the closed loop system are bounded for the PD and P type controllers with the method of contraction mapping principle. An example of nonlinear non‐affine discrete‐time systems is used to demonstrate its correspondingly stability regions.
A Philosopher Looks at Digital Communication
Authors: O'Neill Onora
Published: January 2022

Communication is complicated, and so is the ethics of communication. We communicate about innumerable topics, to varied audiences, using a gamut of technologies. The ethics of communication, therefore, has to address a wide range of technical, ethical and epistemic requirements. In this book, Onora O'Neill shows how digital technologies have made communication more demanding: they can support communication with huge numbers of distant and dispersed recipients; they can amplify or suppress selected content; and they can target or ignore selected audiences. Often this is done anonymously, making it harder for readers and listeners, viewers and browsers, to assess which claims are true or false, reliable or misleading, flaky or fake. So how can we empower users to assess and evaluate digital communication, so that they can tell which standards it meets and which it flouts? That is the challenge which this book explores.
Nonlinear Valuation and Non-Gaussian Risks in Finance
Authors: Madan Dilip B. , Schoutens Wim
Published: January 2022

What happens to risk as the economic horizon goes to zero and risk is seen as an exposure to a change in state that may occur instantaneously at any time? All activities that have been undertaken statically at a fixed finite horizon can now be reconsidered dynamically at a zero time horizon, with arrival rates at the core of the modeling. This book, aimed at practitioners and researchers in financial risk, delivers the theoretical framework and various applications of the newly established dynamic conic finance theory. The result is a nonlinear non-Gaussian valuation framework for risk management in finance. Risk-free assets disappear and low risk portfolios must pay for their risk reduction with negative expected returns. Hedges may be constructed to enhance value by exploiting risk interactions. Dynamic trading mechanisms are synthesized by machine learning algorithms. Optimal exposures are designed for option positioning simultaneously across all strikes and maturities.
THE SAINT MODEL: A DECADE LATER
Authors: Jarner Søren F. , Jallbjørn Snorre
Published: January 2022

While many of the prevalent stochastic mortality models provide adequate short- to medium-term forecasts, only few provide biologically plausible descriptions of mortality on longer horizons and are sufficiently stable to be of practical use in smaller populations. Among the very first to address the issue of modelling adult mortality in small populations was the SAINT model, which has been used for pricing, reserving and longevity risk management by the Danish Labour Market Supplementary Pension Fund (ATP) for more than a decade. The lessons learned have broadened our understanding of desirable model properties from the practitioner’s point of view and have led to a revision of model components to address accuracy, stability, flexibility, explainability and credibility concerns. This paper serves as an update to the original version published 10 years ago and presents the SAINT model with its modifications and the rationale behind them. The main improvement is the generalization of frailty models from deterministic structures to a flexible class of stochastic models. We show by example how the SAINT framework is used for modelling mortality at ATP and make comparisons to the Lee-Carter model.
Toward an Anti-Maleficent Research Agenda
Authors: Ferdowsian Hope , Fuentes Agustin , Johnson L. Syd M , King Barbara J. , Pierce Jessica
Published: January 2022

Important advances in biomedical and behavioral research ethics have occurred over the past few decades, many of them centered on identifying and eliminating significant harms to human subjects of research. Comprehensive attention has not been paid to the totality of harms experienced by animal subjects, although scientific and moral progress require explicit appraisal of these harms. Science is a public good and the prioritizing within, conduct of, generation of, and application of research must soundly address questions about which research is morally defensible and valuable enough to support through funding, publication, tenure, and promotion. Likewise, educational pathways of re-imagined science are critical.
Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex ameliorates anxiety in a preclinical model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Hwang Hye M. , Hashimoto-Torii Kazue
Published: January 2022

People with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are suffered from a wide range of interlinked cognitive and psychological problems. However, few therapeutic options are available for those patients due to limited dissection of its underlying etiology. Here we found that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) increases anxiety in mice due to a dysregulated functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). We also show that chemogenetic activation of excitatory neurons in the ACC reduced this anxiety behavior in the PAE mice. Interestingly, although the level of plasma corticosterone correlated with the increase in anxiety in the PAE, this level was not altered by chemogenetic activation of the ACC, suggesting that the functional connectivity between the ACC and the BLA does not alter the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Altogether, this study demonstrated that reduced excitation in the ACC is a cause of anxiety in the PAE mice, providing critical insights into the ACC–BLA neural circuit as a potential target for treating anxiety in FASD patients.
Ultra-fast optical ranging using quantum-dash mode-locked laser diodes
Authors: Trocha Philipp , Kemal Juned Nassir , Gaimard Quentin , Aubin Guy , Lelarge François , Ramdane Abderrahim , Freude Wolfgang , Randel Sebastian , Koos Christian
Published: January 2022

Laser-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is key to many applications in science and industry. For many use cases, compactness and power efficiency are key, especially in high-volume applications such as industrial sensing, navigation of autonomous objects, or digitization of 3D scenes using hand-held devices. In this context, comb-based ranging systems are of particular interest, combining high accuracy with high measurement speed. However, the technical complexity of miniaturized comb sources is still prohibitive for many applications, in particular when high optical output powers and high efficiency are required. Here we show that quantum-dash mode-locked laser diodes (QD-MLLD) offer a particularly attractive route towards high-performance chip-scale ranging systems. QD-MLLDs are compact, can be easily operated by a simple DC drive current, and provide spectrally flat frequency combs with bandwidths in excess of 2 THz, thus lending themselves to coherent dual-comb ranging. In our experiments, we show measurement rates of up to 500 MHz—the highest rate demonstrated with any ranging system so far. We attain reliable measurement results with optical return powers of only – 40 dBm, corresponding to a total loss of 49 dB in the ranging path, which corresponds to the highest loss tolerance demonstrated so far for dual-comb ranging with chip-scale comb sources. Combing QD-MLLDs with advanced silicon photonic receivers offers an attractive route towards robust and technically simple chip-scale LiDAR systems.
Comparing head muscles among Drusinae clades (Insecta: Trichoptera) reveals high congruence despite strong contrasts in head shape
Authors: Zittra Carina , Vitecek Simon , Schwaha Thomas , Handschuh Stephan , Martini Jan , Vieira Ariane , Kuhlmann Hendrik C. , Waringer Johann
Published: January 2022

The subfamily Drusinae (Limnephilidae, Trichoptera) comprises a range of species exhibiting differently shaped head capsules in their larval stages. These correspond to evolutionary lineages pursuing different larval feeding ecologies, each of which uses a different hydraulic niche: scraping grazers and omnivorous shredders sharing rounded head capsules and filtering carnivores with indented and corrugated head capsules. In this study, we assess whether changes in head capsule morphology are reflected by changes in internal anatomy of Drusinae heads. To this end, internal and external head morphology was visualized using µCT methods and histological sections in three Drusinae species—Drusus franzi, D. discolor and D. bosnicus—representing the three evolutionary lineages. Our results indicate that Drusinae head musculature is highly conserved across the evolutionary lineages with only minute changes between taxa. Conversely, the tentorium is reduced in D. discolor, the species with the most aberrant head capsule investigated here. Integrating previous research on Drusinae head anatomy, we propose a fundamental Drusinae blueprint comprising 29 cephalic muscles and discuss significance of larval head capsule corrugation in Trichoptera.
Thin flexible lab-on-a-film for impedimetric sensing in biomedical applications
Authors: Farooq Amina , Hayat Fezan , Zafar Sobia , Butt Nauman Zafar
Published: January 2022

Microfluidic cytometers based on coulter principle have recently shown a great potential for point of care biosensors for medical diagnostics. Here, we explore the design of an impedimetric microfluidic cytometer on flexible substrate. Two coplanar microfluidic geometries are compared to highlight the sensitivity of the device to the microelectrode positions relative to the detection volume. We show that the microelectrodes surface area and the geometry of the sensing volume for the cells strongly influence the output response of the sensor. Reducing the sensing volume decreases the pulse width but increases the overall pulse amplitude with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (~ max. SNR = 38.78 dB). For the proposed design, the SNR was adequate to enable good detection and differentiation of 10 µm diameter polystyrene beads and leukemia cells (~ 6–21 µm). Also, a systematic approach for irreversible & strong bond strength between the thin flexible surfaces that make up the biochip is explored in this work. We observed the changes in surface wettability due to various methods of surface treatment can be a valuable metric for determining bond strength. We observed permanent bonding between microelectrode defined polypropylene surface and microchannel carved PDMS due to polar/silanol groups formed by plasma treatment and consequent covalent crosslinking by amine groups. These experimental insights provide valuable design guidelines for enhancing the sensitivity of coulter based flexible lab-on-a-chip devices which have a wide range of applications in point of care diagnostics.
Process intensification for the continuous production of an antimicrobial peptide in stably-transformed Sf-9 insect cells
Authors: Käßer Lukas , Rotter Maximilian , Coletta Luca , Salzig Denise , Czermak Peter
Published: January 2022

The antibiotic resistance crisis has prompted research into alternative candidates such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, the demand for such molecules can only be met by continuous production processes, which achieve high product yields and offer compatibility with the Quality-by-Design initiative by implementing process analytical technologies such as turbidimetry and dielectric spectroscopy. We developed batch and perfusion processes at the 2-L scale for the production of BR033, a cecropin-like AMP from Lucilia sericata, in stably-transformed polyclonal Sf-9 cells. This is the first time that BR033 has been expressed as a recombinant peptide. Process analytical technology facilitated the online monitoring and control of cell growth, viability and concentration. The perfusion process increased productivity by ~ 180% compared to the batch process and achieved a viable cell concentration of 1.1 × 107 cells/mL. Acoustic separation enabled the consistent retention of 98.5–100% of the cells, viability was > 90.5%. The recombinant AMP was recovered from the culture broth by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and gel filtration and was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli K12. These results demonstrate a successful, integrated approach for the development and intensification of a process from cloning to activity testing for the production of new biopharmaceutical candidates.
Quasi-perfect vortices generated by Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurfaces for optical spanners and OAM communication
Authors: Xiang Zhiyuan , Shen Zhe , Shen Yaochun
Published: January 2022

Optical vortex (OV) can be used in the fields of optical manipulation and optical communication because of its inherent orbital angular momentum (OAM). The size of the OV ring increases with the correlated topological charge (TC), making the OV with large TC not suitable for optical rotation and short-distance communication. Perfect vortex (PV) has attracted much attention due to that its optical transmission profile is almost independent of TC. In this manuscript, we proposed a method to generate quasi- perfect vortices (Q-PVs) by Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase metasurfaces, the so-called Q-PV can be regarded as an annularly focused optical vortex whose focal ring in the focal plane has an angular phase gradient. It has a similar property to PV in that its light profile hardly changes with TC in the focal plane. We demonstrated that the Q-PV can be used for optical spanners that particles are trapped and rotated on the specific orbit. Non-coaxial and coaxial Q-PV arrays were further generated for OAM communication applications. We believe that the proposed Q-PVs has potential applications in optical manipulation and optical communication.
Ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein using large gold nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Yano Taka-aki , Kajisa Taira , Ono Masayuki , Miyasaka Yoshiya , Hasegawa Yuichi , Saito Atsushi , Otsuka Kunihiro , Sakane Ayuko , Sasaki Takuya , Yasutomo Koji , Hamajima Rina , Kanai Yuta , Kobayashi Takeshi , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Itonaga Makoto , Yasui Takeshi
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created urgent demand for rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Herein, we report highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein) using nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques. A crucial plasmonic role in significantly enhancing the limit of detection (LOD) is revealed for exceptionally large gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with diameters of hundreds of nm. SPR enhanced by these large nanoparticles lowered the LOD of SARS-CoV-2 N protein to 85 fM, resulting in the highest SPR detection sensitivity ever obtained for SARS-CoV-2 N protein.
Simultaneous evaluation of intermittency effects, replica symmetry breaking and modes dynamics correlations in a Nd:YAG random laser
Authors: Coronel Edwin D. , da Silva-Neto Manoel L. , Moura André L. , González Iván R. R. , Pugina Roberta S. , Hilário Eloísa G. , da Rocha Euzane G. , Caiut José Maurício A. , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Raposo Ernesto P.
Published: January 2022

Random lasers (RLs) are remarkable experimental platforms to advance the understanding of complex systems phenomena, such as the replica-symmetry-breaking (RSB) spin glass phase, dynamics modes correlations, and turbulence. Here we study these three phenomena jointly in a Nd:YAG based RL synthesized for the first time using a spray pyrolysis method. We propose a couple of modified Pearson correlation coefficients that are simultaneously sensitive to the emergence and fading out of photonic intermittency turbulent-like effects, dynamics evolution of modes correlations, and onset of RSB behavior. Our results show how intertwined these phenomena are in RLs, and suggest that they might share some common underlying mechanisms, possibly approached in future theoretical models under a unified treatment.
Pcyt2 deficiency causes age-dependant development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and insulin resistance that could be attenuated with phosphonoethylamine
Authors: Grapentine Sophie , Singh Rathnesh K. , Basu Poulami , Sivanesan Sugashan , Mattos Gabriela , Oresajo Oreoluwa , Cheema Jasmine , Demeke Wendwesen , Dolinsky Vernon W. , Bakovic Marica
Published: January 2022

The mechanisms of NASH development in the context of age and genetics are not fully elucidated. This study investigates the age-dependent liver defects during NASH development in mice with heterozygous deletion of Pcyt2 (Pcyt2+/−), the rate limiting enzyme in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis. Further, the therapeutic potential of the artificial Pcyt2 substrate, phosphonoethylamine (PEA), is examined. Pcyt2+/− were investigated at 2 and 6–8 months (mo) of age and in addition, 6-mo old Pcyt2+/− with developed NASH were supplemented with PEA for 8 weeks and glucose and fatty acid metabolism, insulin signaling, and inflammation were examined. Heterozygous ablation of Pcyt2 causes changes in liver metabolic regulators from young age, prior to the development of liver disease which does not occur until adulthood. Only older Pcyt2+/− experiences perturbed glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Older Pcyt2+/− liver develops NASH characterized by increased glucose production, accumulation of TAG and glycogen, and increased inflammation. Supplementation with PEA reverses Pcyt2+/− steatosis, inflammation, and other aspects of NASH, showing that was directly caused by Pcyt2 deficiency. Pcyt2 deficiency is a novel mechanism of metabolic dysregulation due to reduced membrane ethanolamine phospholipid synthesis, and the artificial Pcyt2 substrate PEA offers therapeutic potential for NASH reversion.
Mechanistic studies of visible light-induced CO release from a 3-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolone
Authors: Popova Marina , Borowski Tomasz , Elsberg Josiah G. D. , Dederich C. Taylor , Berreau Lisa M.
Published: January 2022

Illumination of a 3-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolone with visible light results in CO releaseviatwo different reaction pathways.
Removal of U(vi) from aqueous solutions by an effective bio-adsorbent from walnut shell and cellulose composite-stabilized iron sulfide nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Zhengfeng , Wang Huifang , Liu Renrong , Hu Baowei , Qiu Muqing
Published: January 2022

CFeS-WS was synthesized by the modified method and exhibited excellent removal performance for U(vi). The proposed reaction mechanism of U(vi) removal by CFeS-WS was elaborated in detail.
In situ construction of a Te/CsPbBr3 heterojunction for self-powered photodetector
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Jiaojiao
Published: January 2022

In this study, CsPbBr3 particles were prepared by a simple solvent evaporation method in ambient environment; the p–n heterojunction formed by CsPbBr3 particles on the surface of a single long Te wire was used to construct a high-performance Te/CsPbBr3 photodetector.
Copper-assisted preparation of pyridinyl sulfonate esters from hydroxypyridines and sodium sulfinates
Authors: Li Qian , Zhu Haibo , Liu Yishuai , Yang Liu , Fan Qiangwen , Xie Zongbo , Le Zhang-Gao
Published: January 2022

An efficient and powerful base- and ligand-free copper-assisted method for the effective conversion of a broad range of hydroxypyridines and sodium sulfinates into the corresponding (hetero)aryl or alkyl pyridinyl sulfonate esters was developed under very mild reaction conditions.
The effect of grain shape and material on the nonlocal rheology of dense granular flows
Authors: Fazelpour Farnaz , Tang Zhu , Daniels Karen E.
Published: January 2022

Experiments using particles with a variety of particle shapes and stiffnesses reveal the success of nonlocal rheologies in new contexts, with the degree of nonlocality depending sensitively on particle properties.
Electric field induced macroscopic cellular phase of nanoparticles
Authors: Rendos Abigail , Cao Wenhan , Chern Margaret , Lauricella Marco , Succi Sauro , Werner Jörg G. , Dennis Allison M. , Brown Keith A.
Published: January 2022

Nanoparticles assemble into a macroscopic cellular phase upon the simultaneous application of an AC and DC voltage. First, the particles move through electrophoresis into a 2D film and then electrohydrodynamic flows cause spinodal decomposition.