bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Protomycinolide IV (XIII).
Authors: SUZUKI K. , TOMOOKA K. , KATAYAMA E. , MATSUMOTO T. , TSUCHIHASHI G.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (XIII) is synthesized by coupling of the key compounds (VIIb) and (Xb) via the intermediates (XI) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on β‐Lactam Antibiotics for Medicinal Purpose. Part 19. Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of 7β‐Acylamido‐3‐(5‐methyl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)methyl‐3‐cephem‐4‐carboxylic Acid, 7β‐Acylamido‐3‐(5‐chloro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl‐3‐cephem‐4‐carboxylic Acid and Their Derivatives.
Authors: SADAKI H. , IMAIZUMI H. , INABA T. , HIRAKAWA T. , MUROTANI Y. , WATANABE Y. , MINAMI S. , SAIKAWA I.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Carbonsäuren (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit den β‐Lactamen (II) auf dem angegebenen Weg die Cephem‐carbonsäuren (IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on β‐Lactam Antibiotics for Medicinal Purpose. Part 17. Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of 7β‐[D(‐)‐α‐Amino‐α‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]‐3‐substituted Methyl‐3‐cephem‐4‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: SADAKI H. , IMAIZUMI H. , INABA T. , HIRAKAWA T. , MUROTANI Y. , WATANABE Y. , MINAMI S. , SAIKAWA I.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von den Cephemcarbonsäuren (I) werden auf dem angegebenen Weg die neuen Cephalosporine (IV) synthetisiert; ihre biologische Wirkung wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Glow Discharge Deposition of a‐SiC:H from Pure SiH4 and Pure C2H4.
Authors: YAMAMOTO K. , NISHIMURA K. , NAKAYAMA T. , TAWADA Y.
Published: May 2016

The reaction mechanism of the rf‐glow discharge deposition of amorphous SiC:H has been investigated by measuring the residence time in the glow discharge.
ChemInform Abstract: Precursor Routes to Quaternary Intermetallics: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of Clathrate‐II Cs8Na16Al24Si112.
Authors: Wei Kaya , Dong Yongkwan , Nolas George S.
Published: May 2016

The title compound is synthesized by kinetically controlled thermal decomposition of a precursor, NaSi + NaAlSi (obtained from the elements reacted at 923 K for 34 h in a tungsten crucible) mixed with CsCl (1023 K, 9 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Optical Properties of Two Isotypic Crystals, Na3MO4Cl (M: W, Mo).
Authors: Han Shujuan , Bai Chunyan , Zhang Bingbing , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: May 2016

Polycrystalline samples of the title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Na2CO3, WO3 or MoO3, and NaCl (565—580 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Hydrothermal Crystal Growth of New Uranium(IV) Fluorides, Na3.13Mg1.43U6F30 and Na2.50Mn1.75U6F30: Structures, Optical and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Yeon Jeongho , Smith Mark D. , Tapp Joshua , Moeller Angela , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from solutions of UO2(OAc)2, NaF, HF, and MgCl2 or MnCl2 (autoclave, 200 °C, 1 d, ≈100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Complex Magnetism of MIr2In8 (M: Eu, Sr).
Authors: Calta Nicholas P. , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Rodriguez Alexandra P. , Han Fei , Chung Duck Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: May 2016

The new polar intermetallic title compounds are prepared from the elements using In metal as a reactive flux (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 48 h, 60—70% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalysts for the Synthesis of α‐Substituted Allylboronates — An Accelerated Approach Towards Isomerically Pure Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Brauns Marcus , Muller Frederic , Guelden Daniel , Boese Dietrich , Frey Wolfgang , Breugst Martin , Pietruszka Joerg
Published: May 2016

Enantiopure bis(allylboronates) (V) and (VIII) are synthesized using a Cu‐catalyzed SN2′ reaction of tartrate based bisboronate (III) with Grignard reagents in the presence of the chiral phosphoramidite ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Introduction of Dithiocarbamates onto Imidazoheterocycles under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Jiao Jing , Wei Liang , Ji Xiao‐Ming , Hu Mao‐Lin , Tang Ri‐Yuan
Published: May 2016

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the coupling of various imidazoheterocycles and benzimidazoles with disulfides (II) and (IV) to give the corresponding dithiocarbamate substituted products in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Iron‐Catalyzed C—H Allylation/Alkylation by Triazole Assistance with Ample Scope.
Authors: Cera Gianpiero , Haven Tobias , Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2016

Triazole assistance enables a unified strategy for the iron‐catalyzed C—H allylation of arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes with ample scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes to Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Chiral Bifunctional Quinine‐Based Squaramides.
Authors: Kanberoglu Esra , Tanyeli Cihangir
Published: May 2016

The reaction between (E)‐β‐nitrostyrenes and 1‐nitropropane proceeds with moderate to very high yields, high dia‐ and very high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Catalytic Regioselective Oxidative Conversion of Vinylarenes: A Mild Approach to Phenylacetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Kodumuri Srujana , Peraka Swamy , Mameda Naresh , Chevella Durgaiah , Banothu Rammurthy , Nama Narender
Published: May 2016

The title reaction features mild reaction conditions and non‐toxic reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Regioselective C‐3 Nitrosation of Imidazopyridines with tert‐Butyl Nitrite under Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Yang Daoshan , Yan Kelu , Wei Wei , Liu Yao , Zhang Mengqi , Zhao Caixia , Tian Laijin , Wang Hua
Published: May 2016

The scalable title reaction is applicable to various 2‐aryl substituted imidazopyridines, but fails using 2‐alkyl derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: From Insertion to Multicomponent Coupling: Temperature Dependent Reactions of Arynes with Aliphatic Alcohols.
Authors: Thangaraj Manikandan , Bhojgude Sachin Suresh , Mane Manoj V. , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of arynes with aliphatic alcohols in THF gives alkyl aryl ethers [e.g. (III)] at ‐20 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable and Diastereoselective Broensted Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Enaminones.
Authors: Kang Ye‐Won , Cho Yu Jin , Han Seung Jin , Jang Hye‐Young
Published: May 2016

Depending on the Broensted acid, the electronic effect of the propargyl aldehyde substrate and the steric effect of the amine substrate used the β‐enaminone products may be obtained as single (E)‐ or (Z)‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Insertion of Allenes into C—C Bonds of Benzocyclobutenols.
Authors: Zhao Chunliang , Liu Li‐Chuan , Wang Jing , Jiang Chenran , Zhang Qing‐Wei , He Wei
Published: May 2016

The site‐ and diastereoselective reaction offers an efficient access to various alkylidene tetralins with two adjacent stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Catalyzed Unusual [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Non‐Substituted Allenoate Acts as a Four‐Carbon Synthon and Facile Synthesis of Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Liu Yufen , Du Yanlong , Yu Aimin , Mu Haifeng , Meng Xiangtai
Published: May 2016

The scalable domino reaction provides spirooxindoles in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Strategy for Synthesis of Heterocyclic Hemiketal‐Containing α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from Ynediones.
Authors: Zhang Zeguang , Dai Zhihong , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: May 2016

Multiple 3(2H)‐furanones as well as 3(2H)‐thienones endowed with a broad range of aryl, hetaryl, and alkyl groups are efficiently prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Preparation of Trifluoromethylated Homoallylic N‐Acylhydrazines or α‐Methylene‐γ‐lactams from Acylhydrazines, Trifluoroacetaldehyde Methyl Hemiacetal, Allyl Bromide and Tin.
Authors: Du Ganggang , Huang Danfeng , Wang Ke‐Hu , Chen Xiaowei , Xu Yanli , Ma Junyan , Su Yingpeng , Fu Ying , Hu Yulai
Published: May 2016

Whereas the title transformation using allyl bromide or 3,3‐dimethylallyl bromide delivers trifluoromethylated homoallylic N‐acylhydrazines, application of methyl‐2‐(bromomethyl)acrylate produces α‐methylene‐γ‐lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Formal [2 + 2 +1] Synthesis of Pyrroles from Alkynes and Diazenes via TiII/TiIV Redox Catalysis.
Authors: Zachary W. Gilbert , Ryan J. Hue , Tonks Ian A.
Published: May 2016

A nitrenoid analogue to established Pauson—Khand‐based syntheses of cyclopentenones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Catalyzed Regioselective Friedel—Crafts Hydroxyalkylation of N‐Substituted Glyoxylamide with Indoles.
Authors: Zheng Yang , Li Ren‐Jun , Zhan Zhen , Zhou Yan , Hai Li , Wu Yong
Published: May 2016

Efficient and highly regioselective, Fe‐catalyzed Friedel—Crafts hydroxyalkylation reactions of various indoles using N‐substituted glyoxylamides are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond ortho Acylation/Annulation with Toluene Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Lingyun , Han Li , Xu Bin , Zhao Leilei , Zhou Jinpei , Zhang Huibin
Published: May 2016

The cascade cross‐coupling of benzamides with toluene derivatives serves for the efficient construction of various 3‐hydroxyisoindolin‐1‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Installation of 2‐Reverse Prenyl Functionality into Indoles by a Tandem N‐Alkylation—Aza‐Cope Rearrangement Reaction and Its Application in Synthesis.
Authors: Chen Xiaobei , Fan Huaqiang , Zhang Shilei , Yu Chenguang , Wang Wei
Published: May 2016

The N‐alkylation of enamine (II) with bromides (I) and (IV) followed by a microwave‐assisted aza‐Cope rearrangement/hydrolysis cascade reaction gives rise to aldehydes (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazole Peptidomimetics by Desulfurization/Electrocyclization of Thiopeptides.
Authors: Prabhu Girish , Nagendra Govindappa , Sagar N. R. , Pal Rumpa , Guru Row Tayur N. , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: May 2016

The title transformation is successfully performed starting from various thiodipeptides as well as amide‐thioamide hybride peptides, leaving the amide moiety intact.
ChemInform Abstract: C70 as a Photocatalyst for Oxidation of Secondary Benzylamines to Imines.
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Gleissner Eva H. , Tiu Elisha Gabrielle V. , Yamakoshi Yoko
Published: May 2016

In addition to dibenzylamine and derivatives thereof, 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline is oxidized to the corresponding imine which may be trapped in situ via nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilylcyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Coupling Cyclization Access to Cinnolines via in situ Generated Diazene with Arynes, and α‐Bromo Ketones.
Authors: Shu Wen‐Ming , Ma Jun‐Rui , Zheng Kai‐Lu , Wu An‐Xin
Published: May 2016

The reaction tolerates various aryl substituted α‐bromo ketones, but no heterocyclic or alkyl substituted α‐bromo ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐12‐ones and Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐ones by a Sequential N‐Acylation—SNAr Reaction.
Authors: Gnanasekaran Krishna Kumar , Muddala Nagendra Prasad , Bunce Richard A.
Published: May 2016

The title products exist in a tautomeric equilibrium, which can be blocked by acylation with acyl chlorides (VIII) at N6.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Toluenesulfonic Acid‐Mediated Three‐Component Reaction “On‐Water” Protocol for the Synthesis of Novel Thiadiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolin‐6(7H)‐ones.
Authors: Wadhwa Preeti , Kaur Tanpreet , Singh Neetu , Singh Udai P. , Sharma Anuj
Published: May 2016

The scalable microwave‐induced operationally simple multi‐component reaction between 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐amines, cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones and aromatic aldehydes, aliphatic aldehydes or formaldehyde proceeds with high atom economy and delivers multi‐annulated products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Iodide/tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide‐Mediated Oxidative Annulation for the Selective Synthesis of N‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Benzotriazine‐4(3H)‐ones Using Nitromethane as the Nitrogen Synthon.
Authors: Yan Yizhe , Niu Bin , Xu Kun , Yu Jianhua , Zhi Huanhuan , Liu Yanqi
Published: May 2016

The novel oxidative annulation of 2‐aminobenzamides with nitromethane is advantageous with regards to high chemoselectivity, operational simplicity and good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 3] Cycloaddition of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Amphiphilic Benzodithioloimine as Surrogate for ortho‐Bisthioquinone.
Authors: Garve Lennart K. B. , Pawliczek Martin , Wallbaum Jan , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: May 2016

A variety of dithiepines (III), (V), (IX), and (XI) is prepared by a TiF4‐catalyzed reaction of symmetrical benzodithioloimines with cyclopropane diesters (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Branched Alkylboronates by Copper‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions of Allylic Chlorides with 1,1‐Diborylalkanes.
Authors: Kim Junghoon , Park Sangwoo , Park Jinyoung , Cho Seung Hwan
Published: May 2016

The title process proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and various functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: 8‐O‐4′ Neolignan Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Matteuccia struthiopteris.
Authors: Zhu Ling‐Juan , Yan Fei , Chen Jin‐Peng , Zhang Nan , Zhang Xue , Yao Xin‐Sheng
Published: May 2016

isolation, structural elucidation, and anti‐influenza A (H1N1) activity of matteustruthiosides A (I) and B (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Design: Well‐Defined Single‐Site Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Pelletier Jeremie D. A. , Basset Jean‐Marie
Published: May 2016

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoredox Sheds New Light on Nickel Catalysis: From Carbon—Carbon to Carbon—Heteroatom Bond Formation
Authors: Gui Yong‐Yuan , Sun Liang , Lu Zhi‐Peng , Yu Da‐Gang
Published: May 2016

Review: [24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Benzimidazole‐Containing Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Song Di , Ma Shutao
Published: May 2016

Review: [71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Amyloid Oligomers and Their Mechanisms of Toxicities: Targeting Amyloid Oligomers Using Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Salahuddin Parveen , Fatima Munazza Tamkeen , Abdelhameed Ali Saber , Nusrat Saima , Khan Rizwan Hasan
Published: May 2016

Review: 264 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Structures with Addressable Complexity
Authors: Jacobs William M. , Frenkel Daan
Published: May 2016

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphitic Carbon Nitride “Reloaded” Emerging Applications Beyond (Photo)Catalysis
Authors: Liu Jian , Wang Hongqiang , Antonietti Markus
Published: May 2016

Review: renaissance of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) as a highly active photo/electrocatalyst, and diverse applications of the metal‐free polymer; 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Atomic Orbital Basis Set First‐Principles Quantum Chemical Methods for Large Molecular and Periodic Systems: A Critical Analysis of Error Sources
Authors: Sure Rebecca , Brandenburg Jan Gerit , Grimme Stefan
Published: May 2016

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 1,n‐ADEQUATE and Modified Variants to Structure Elucidation and Spectral Assignment Problems
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Reibarkh Mikhail , Buevich Alexei V. , Blinov Kirill A. , Williamson R. Thomas
Published: May 2016

Review: 67 refs.
Hydroprocessing of 4‐methylanisole as a representative of lignin‐derived bio‐oils catalyzed by sulphided CoMo/γ‐Al2O3: A semi‐quantitative reaction network
Authors: Saidi Majid , Rahimpour Hamid Reza , Rahzani Behnam , Rostami Parisa , Gates Bruce C. , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2016

Catalytic hydroprocessing of 4‐methylanisole as a representative of lignin‐derived bio‐oils was catalyzed by a commercial sulphided CoMo/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed‐bed flow reactor at various space velocities, temperatures, pressures, and feed compositions. An approximate reaction network is presented that accounts for the major products, and approximate kinetics are also presented. The kinetically significant reactions are 4‐methylanisole conversion to (a) 4‐methylphenol via hydrogenolysis, (b) toluene and benzene via hydrodeoxygenation, (c) cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanone via hydrogenation, and (d) methylphenol derivatives via alkylation and transalkylation. The formation of toluene and benzene along with water and methanol from 4‐methylanisole is inferred to result from direct scission of the Caromatic–O bond. Cleavage of the Cmethyl–O bond is faster than cleavage of the Caromatic–O bond. The main pathway to toluene formation is the hydrogenolysis of the Caromatic–O bond of the intermediate 4‐methylphenol.
Remodeling of the fibroblast cytoskeletal architecture during the replication cycle of Ectromelia virus: A morphological in vitro study in a murine cell line
Authors: Szulc‐Dabrowska Lidia , Gregorczyk Karolina P. , Struzik Justyna , Boratynska‐Jasinska Anna , Szczepanowska Joanna , Wyzewski Zbigniew , Toka Felix N. , Gierynska Malgorzata , Ostrowska Agnieszka , Niemialtowski Marek G.
Published: May 2016

Ectromelia virus (ECTV, the causative agent of mousepox), which represents the same genus as variola virus (VARV, the agent responsible for smallpox in humans), has served for years as a model virus for studying mechanisms of poxvirus‐induced disease. Despite increasing knowledge on the interaction between ECTV and its natural host—the mouse—surprisingly, still little is known about the cell biology of ECTV infection. Because pathogen interaction with the cytoskeleton is still a growing area of research in the virus–host cell interplay, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the consequences of ECTV infection on the cytoskeleton in a murine fibroblast cell line. The viral effect on the cytoskeleton was reflected by changes in migration of the cells and rearrangement of the architecture of tubulin, vimentin, and actin filaments. The virus‐induced cytoskeletal rearrangements observed in these studies contributed to the efficient cell‐to‐cell spread of infection, which is an important feature of ECTV virulence. Additionally, during later stages of infection L929 cells produced two main types of actin‐based cellular protrusions: short (actin tails and “dendrites”) and long (cytoplasmic corridors). Due to diversity of filopodial extensions induced by the virus, we suggest that ECTV represents a valuable new model for studying processes and pathways that regulate the formation of cytoskeleton‐based cellular structures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the United States from 2004 through 2012
Authors: Baker Brock R. , Basak Ramsankar , Mohiuddin Jahan J. , Chen Ronald C.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a newer treatment option for patients with localized prostate cancer. The rates of diffusion of this technology across the United States are unknown. The goal of the current study was to describe the use of SBRT among patients with prostate cancer based on different risk groups (low, intermediate, or high risk) and by type of facility (community cancer program, comprehensive community cancer program, or academic program) in which patients were treated.

METHODS

Using the National Cancer Data Base, a national registry that contains approximately 70% of patients with cancer in the United States, the authors identified 274,466 men between the ages of 40 to 80 years who were diagnosed from 2004 to 2012 with localized prostate cancer and received radiation therapy (RT) as their initial treatment. The authors described the prevalence of SBRT use each year, and multivariable analysis was used to examine factors associated with the receipt of SBRT.

RESULTS

In 2004, SBRT use was low (<1% in all patient groups), and was observed to increase steadily each year. By 2012, 8.8% of low‐risk patients treated at academic centers with RT received SBRT. Uptake of SBRT was highest in patients with low‐risk or intermediate‐risk disease. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that year of diagnosis, type of center, risk group, and race were all significantly associated with the use of SBRT.

CONCLUSIONS

To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first report of the adoption of SBRT for localized prostate cancer across the United States. Diffusion was noted to be slowest at community cancer programs, reflecting potential barriers of cost or expertise for this new technology. Adoption of SBRT was found to be highest among patients with low‐risk or intermediate‐risk disease, in accordance with the bulk of patients included in published SBRT studies. Cancer 2016;122:2234–41. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 study of intensified chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for older patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Asch Julie D. , Amrein Philip C. , Attar Eyal C. , Steensma David P. , Wadleigh Martha , Foster Julia , Connolly Christine , Galinsky Ilene , Devoe Craig E. , Stone Richard M. , Neuberg Donna S. , Ballen Karen K.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Outcomes among older patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia remain poor. This study sought to determine the efficacy of an intensified, multi‐agent approach derived from a Dana‐Farber consortium trial in younger adults for patients older than 50 years (trial identifier NCT00973752).

METHODS

The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) at 1 year. Patients received induction chemotherapy with vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin, and pegylated asparaginase. Imatinib was incorporated for Philadelphia chromosome–positive disease. After induction, the first consolidation incorporated clofarabine. Patients in remission could proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after induction and consolidation I. Those not receiving HCT went on to receive central nervous system, consolidation II, and continuation phases of treatment.

RESULTS

Thirty patients were enrolled: 19 achieved a complete remission (CR) after induction and 1 achieved CR after consolidation I for a CR rate of 67%. Sixteen patients underwent HCT. The proportion surviving at 1 year was 63%, and this met the primary endpoint. The 2‐year OS rate was 52% (n = 30), and the 2‐year disease‐free survival rate was 52% for patients achieving CR (n = 20). There was no survival advantage among those undergoing HCT. Therapy‐related hyperbilirubinemia prompted adjustments and limitations to asparaginase dosing.

CONCLUSIONS

Intensified chemotherapy can result in improved outcomes in comparison with historical data. Additional studies of similarly intensive regimens are warranted in this population. Cancer 2016;122:2379–2388. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
A computational framework to characterize and compare the geometry of coronary networks
Authors: Bulant C. A. , Blanco P. J. , Lima T. P. , Assunção  A.N. , Liberato G. , Parga J. R. , Ávila L. F. R. , Pereira A. C. , Feijóo R. A. , Lemos P. A.
Published: May 2016

This work presents a computational framework to perform a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the morphometry of coronary arteries from in vivo medical images. The methodology embraces image segmentation, arterial vessel representation, characterization and comparison, data storage, and finally analysis. Validation is performed using a sample of 48 patients. Data mining of morphometric information of several coronary arteries is presented. Results agree to medical reports in terms of basic geometric and anatomical variables. Concerning geometric descriptors, inter‐artery and intra‐artery correlations are studied. Data reported here can be useful for the construction and setup of blood flow models of the coronary circulation. Finally, as an application example, similarity criterion to assess vasculature likelihood based on geometric features is presented and used to test geometric similarity among sibling patients. Results indicate that likelihood, measured through geometric descriptors, is stronger between siblings compared with non‐relative patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and simulation of global and sleep states in ACPI‐compliant energy‐efficient cloud environments
Authors: Xavier Miguel G. , Rossi Fábio D. , De Rose César A. F. , Calheiros Rodrigo N. , Gomes Danielo G.
Published: May 2016

The more large‐scale data centers infrastructure costs increase, the more simulation‐based evaluations are needed to understand better the trade‐off between energy and performance and support the development of new energy‐aware resource allocation policies. Specifically, in the cloud computing field, various simulators are able to predict and measure the behavior of applications on different architectures using different resource allocation policies. Yet, only a few of them have the ability to simulate energy‐saving strategies, and none of them support the complete advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) specification. ACPI defines a terminology for all possible power states of a machine and their associated power rate. The hardware industry has relied on ACPI to provide up‐to‐date standard interfaces for hardware discovery, configuration, power management, and monitoring, enabling a better understanding of the energy consumption level of different hardware states, referred to as ACPI G‐states, S‐states, and P‐states. In this paper, we improve the modeling and simulation of the ACPI G/S‐states and show not only that these states offer different energy‐saving levels but also that state transitions consume energy. In addition, we model the latency to transit between two states and the effects on the turnaround time when the transitions are not performed conservatively. Furthermore, the equations provide essential information to quantify the trade‐off between energy consumption and performance and assist in the analysis/decision on which strategy fits better in the environment and how it could be refined. Our expanded energy model was implemented in CloudSim and validated with simulation‐based experiments with a very high level of accuracy, with a standard deviation of at most 6%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of a new oral spray for drug‐induced xerostomia
Authors: Donath Frank , Tonner Françoise , Chavda Rajeev , Gatignol Jean‐Philippe , Bouyrie Julie
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of three formulations of DC161 oral spray, a saliva substitute, and a comparator in relieving drug‐induced xerostomia. This was an open‐label, randomized, 4‐period, cross‐over study in adult subjects with drug‐induced xerostomia and documented hyposalivation. During each of the four 1‐day periods, one product (one of three DC161 formulations or the comparator) was applied at T0 and then at T4h (before a meal). Mouth dryness and related symptoms were evaluated by the subject on a 100‐mm visual analog scale. The primary efficacy criterion was the area under the curve of the dry mouth evaluation (baseline to T4h) after the first application. The oral mucosa was examined by a dental specialist; tolerability and product acceptability were assessed by the subject. Twenty‐four subjects were randomized and completed the study. Despite large variability in data among the products, the selected aqueous formulation – DC161‐DP0292 – reduced the intensity of dryness of mouth at least as well as the comparator; DC161‐DP0292 provided a fast relief and a long‐lasting effect on mouth dryness. Both products improved other symptoms such as swallowing and speaking, even when applied just prior to a meal. DC161‐DP0292 was well tolerated and rated by subjects as providing a slightly higher acceptability of taste/aftertaste, texture, and lubricating effect than the comparator. No clinically relevant signs were reported for any product following the oral examination. DC161‐DP0292 provides fast and long‐acting symptomatic relief and is a relevant new treatment for drug‐induced xerostomia.
The offloading model for green base stations in hybrid energy networks with multiple objectives
Authors: Wei Yifei , Ren Chenying , Song Mei , Yu Richard
Published: May 2016

Based on green energy prediction and storage, a novel green base station (GBS) offloading model is proposed and can be employed with multiple objectives in this paper to save energy. By predicting the value of green energy collected by GBS and updating the residual energy of each GBS, we can obtain the maximum number of users that each GBS can offload theoretically. Then, the optimum number of users should be calculated in order to achieve different network performance. Eventually, under the restrictions of the maximum number of users and the optimum number of users, we can finish offloading for traditional base station in the network. Simulation results demonstrate that through the proposed GBS offloading model, we can fulfill compromise between maximizing green energy utilization and load balancing in the offloading process, and the effect of energy saving is remarkable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Affecting the Statistical Properties of Sea Clutter
Authors: MATSUKUMA TOSHIHARU , SAYAMA SHUJI , ISHII SEISHIRO
Published: May 2016

We observed sea clutter in the sea area east of the Daini Kaiho sea fort in Tokyo Bay using an X‐band radar, and obtained data from 21,996 cells by 47 consecutive observations. In order to investigate the statistical properties, we performed estimation of parameters by maximum likelihood estimation and a test of goodness of fit by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), as models for the Weibull, log‐Weibull, and log‐Normal distributions. The reflected intensity distribution of sea clutter was found to obey the Weibull distribution better than any other distribution, and we therefore made a study using the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution. It was found that sea conditions such as swells and wind waves affect the statistical properties of sea clutter.
Multichannel Acoustic Echo Canceler Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: KIMOTO MASANORI , ASAMI TAKUYA
Published: May 2016

In multichannel acoustic echo cancelers based on linear combination, the uniqueness problem exists, namely, that adaptive filters cannot identify the correct echo paths due to highly cross‐correlated multichannel input signals. Preprocessing of the input signal is good candidates for solving this problem. However, it can have the drawbacks of degrading audio quality as a secondary problem. In this misadjustment problem, a universal solution is not derived in the conventional adaptive filter's optimization. In this paper, we propose a new multichannel adaptive echo canceling algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) without preprocessing of the input signals. PSO is a stochastic optimization technique inspired by the social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling, and this is the first attempt to apply it to multichannel acoustic echo cancelers. By performing various simulations, we confirm that the proposed method can estimate correct echo paths with highly cross‐correlated input signals.
Improvement of Measurement Resolution of Depth Distribution in Cross‐Sectional Imaging Using Terahertz Wave
Authors: FUKUCHI TETSUO , FUSE NORIKAZU , MIZUNO MAYA , FUKUNAGA KAORI
Published: May 2016

Time‐resolved reflection measurement using broadband, short terahertz pulses can provide cross‐sectional images of dielectric materials at different depths. Low‐frequency components which have responses over a wide time range may result in inclusion of spurious signals which arise from strong reflections at other depths. Model calculations showed that such spurious signals can be suppressed by application of a frequency filter of an appropriate center frequency. The effect of frequency filtering was investigated in cross‐sectional imaging of an IC card. Cross‐sectional images were obtained at depth intervals of 0.18 mm, which provided images at five different depth intervals. As a result of frequency filtering, spurious signals resulting from strong reflections at different depths could be reduced in intensity, which resulted in improvement of the measurement resolution of the depth distribution.
Electrical Properties of Polymer‐Grafted Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: HAYASHIDA KENICHI
Published: May 2016

Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)s (PCHMAs) were grafted on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using surface‐initiated polymerization technique. The electrical properties of the PCHMA‐grafted CNTs (PCHMA‐CNTs) were systematically measured under direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac), and compared with those of conventional nanocomposites prepared by blending PCHMA with CNT (PCHMA/CNT). At a comparable volume fraction of CNT, PCHMA‐CNT has a dc volume resistivity 15 orders of magnitude higher than PCHMA/CNT. This excellent electrical insulation of PCHMA‐CNT is achieved by the perfect isolation of individual CNTs owing to the high molecular weight PCHMAs densely grafted on the CNTs. The highly insulated PCHMA‐CNT showed the same ac frequency dependence of impedance as neat PCHMA. This means that PCHMA‐CNT is a dielectric. The dielectric performance of PCHMA‐CNT was evaluated by comparing with that of a barium titanate‐filled PCHMA composite.
Lateral and subsurface flows impact arctic coastal plain lake water budgets
Authors: Koch Joshua C.
Published: May 2016

Arctic thaw lakes are an important source of water for aquatic ecosystems, wildlife, and humans. Many recent studies have observed changes in Arctic surface waters related to climate warming and permafrost thaw; however, explaining the trends and predicting future responses to warming is difficult without a stronger fundamental understanding of Arctic lake water budgets. By measuring and simulating surface and subsurface hydrologic fluxes, this work quantified the water budgets of three lakes with varying levels of seasonal drainage, and tested the hypothesis that lateral and subsurface flows are a major component of the post‐snowmelt water budgets. A water budget focused only on post‐snowmelt surface water fluxes (stream discharge, precipitation, and evaporation) could not close the budget for two of three lakes, even when uncertainty in input parameters was rigorously considered using a Monte Carlo approach. The water budgets indicated large, positive residuals, consistent with up to 70% of mid‐summer inflows entering lakes from lateral fluxes. Lateral inflows and outflows were simulated based on three processes; supra‐permafrost subsurface inflows from basin‐edge polygonal ground, and exchange between seasonally drained lakes and their drained margins through runoff and evapotranspiration. Measurements and simulations indicate that rapid subsurface flow through highly conductive flowpaths in the polygonal ground can explain the majority of the inflow. Drained lakes were hydrologically connected to marshy areas on the lake margins, receiving water from runoff following precipitation and losing up to 38% of lake efflux to drained margin evapotranspiration. Lateral fluxes can be a major part of Arctic thaw lake water budgets and a major control on summertime lake water levels. Incorporating these dynamics into models will improve our ability to predict lake volume changes, solute fluxes, and habitat availability in the changing Arctic. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Inherited functional variants of the lymphocyte receptor CD5 influence melanoma survival
Authors: Potrony Miriam , Carreras Esther , Aranda Fernando , Zimmer Lisa , Puig‐Butille Joan‐Anton , Tell‐Martí Gemma , Armiger Noelia , Sucker Antje , Giménez‐Xavier Pol , Martínez‐Florensa Mario , Carrera Cristina , Malvehy Josep , Schadendorf Dirk , Puig Susana , Lozano Francisco
Published: May 2016

Despite the recent progress in treatment options, malignant melanoma remains a deadly disease. Besides therapy, inherited factors might modulate clinical outcome, explaining in part widely varying survival rates. T‐cell effector function regulators on antitumor immune responses could also influence survival. CD5, a T‐cell receptor inhibitory molecule, contributes to the modulation of antimelanoma immune responses as deduced from genetically modified mouse models. The CD5 SNPs rs2241002 (NM_014207.3:c.671C > T, p.Pro224Leu) and rs2229177 (NM_014207.3:c.1412C > T, p.Ala471Val) constitute an ancestral haplotype (Pro224‐Ala471) that confers T‐cell hyper‐responsiveness and worsens clinical autoimmune outcome. The assessment of these SNPs on survival impact from two melanoma patient cohorts (Barcelona, N = 493 and Essen, N = 215) reveals that p.Ala471 correlates with a better outcome (OR= 0.57, 95% CI = 0.33–0.99, Adj. p = 0.043, in Barcelona OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40–1.01, Adj. p = 0.051, in Essen). While, p.Leu224 was associated with increased melanoma‐associated mortality in both cohorts (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.07–3.24, Adj. p = 0.030 in Barcelona and OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.04–3.26, Adj. p = 0.037, in Essen). Furthermore survival analyses showed that the Pro224‐Ala471 haplotype in homozygosis improved melanoma survival in the entire set of patients (HR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.67, Adj. p = 0.005). These findings highlight the relevance of genetic variability in immune‐related genes for clinical outcome in melanoma.
Formation of multimers of bacterial collagens through introduction of specific sites for oxidative crosslinking
Authors: Stoichevska Violet , An Bo , Peng Yong Y. , Yigit Sezin , Vashi Aditya V. , Kaplan David L. , Werkmeister Jerome A. , Dumsday Geoff J. , Ramshaw John A. M.
Published: May 2016

A range of non‐animal collagens has been described, derived from bacterial species, which form stable triple‐helical structures without the need for secondary modification to include hydroxyproline in the sequence. The non‐animal collagens studied to date are typically smaller than animal interstitial collagens, around one quarter the length and do not pack into large fibrillar aggregates like those that are formed by the major animal interstitial collagens. A consequence of this for biomedical products is that fabricated items, such as collagen sponges, are not as mechanically and dimensionally stable as those of animal collagens. In the present study, we examined the production of larger, polymeric forms of non‐animal collagens through introduction of tyrosine and cysteine residues that can form selective crosslinks through oxidation. These modifications allow the formation of larger aggregates of the non‐animal collagens. When Tyr residues were incorporated, gels were obtained. And with Cys soluble aggregates were formed. These materials can be formed into sponges that are more stable than those formed without these modifications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2369–2376, 2016.
Therapeutic Cell‐Cycle‐Decoy Efficacy of a Telomerase‐Dependent Adenovirus in an Orthotopic Model of Chemotherapy‐Resistant Human Stomach Carcinomatosis Peritonitis Visualized With FUCCI Imaging
Authors: Yano Shuya , Takehara Kiyoto , Tazawa Hiroshi , Kishimoto Hiroyuki , Urata Yasuo , Kagawa Shunsuke , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Hoffman Robert M.
Published: May 2016

We have established an orthotopic nude‐mouse model of gastric cancer carcinomatosis peritonitis, a recalcitrant disease in human patients. Human MKN45 poorly‐differentiated human gastric cancer cells developed carcinomatosis peritonitis upon orthotopic transplantation in nude mice. The MKN45 cells expressed the fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) that color codes the phases of the cell cycle. The intra‐peritoneal tumors and ascites contained mostly quiescent G1/Go cancer cells visualized as red by FUCCI imaging. Cisplatinum (CDDP) treatment did not reduce bloody ascites, and larger tumors formed in the peritoneal cavity after CDDP treatment in an early‐stage carcinomatosis peritonitis orthotopic mouse model. Paclitaxel‐treated mice had reduced ascites, but also had large tumor masses in the peritonium after treatment with cancer cells mostly in G0/G1, visualized by FUCCI red. In contrast, OBP‐301 telomerase‐dependent adenovirus‐treated mice had no ascites and only small tumor nodules consisting of cancer cells mostly in S/G2 phases in the early‐stage carcinomatosis peritonitis model, visualized by FUCCI green. Furthermore, OBP‐301 significantly reduced the size of tumors (P < 0.01) and ascites even in a late‐stage carcinomatosis peritonitis model. These results suggest that quiescent peritoneally‐disseminated gastric cancer cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapy, but OBP‐301 significantly reduced the weight of the tumors and increased survival, suggesting clinical potential. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3635–3642, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast responses of climate system to carbon dioxide, aerosols and sulfate aerosols without the mediation of SST in the CMIP5
Authors: Tian Di , Dong Wenjie , Gong Daoyi , Guo Yan , Yang Shili
Published: May 2016

In this study, fast climate system responses to CO2, aerosols and sulfate aerosols are studied based on simulations of Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) atmospheric models. We demonstrate that the fast climate adjustments caused by CO2 forcing lead to decreases in global annual mean cloud fractions, evaporation and precipitation and to increases in the global annual mean net radiative forcing and atmospheric water vapour content. The inhibition of rainfall is primarily caused by the reduced oceanic precipitation. Regionally, Africa, South Asia, East Asia and Australia exhibit pronounced increases in rainfall, which are presumably attributed to the strengthened summer monsoon caused by the increased land–sea thermal contrast. Aerosols and sulfate aerosols exhibit only a slight effect on the global hydrological cycle before global surface temperature changes. However, by affecting the land–sea thermal contrast, they can have profound effects on regional‐scale hydrological cycles, such as those over southern Africa, South Asia and East Asia in the boreal summer. Moreover, the cloud fast feedback under the aerosol forcing is highly associated with the way of dealing with aerosols in the atmospheric model.
A statistical framework for estimating air temperature using MODIS land surface temperature data
Authors: Janatian Nasime , Sadeghi Morteza , Sanaeinejad Seyed Hossein , Bakhshian Elham , Farid Ali , Hasheminia Seyed Majid , Ghazanfari Sadegh
Published: May 2016

Remote sensing has shown an immense capability for large‐scale estimation of air temperature (Tair), one of the most important environmental state variables, using land surface temperature (LST) data. Following recent investigations on the Tair–LST relationship, in this article, we propose an advanced statistical approach to this realm. We tested the approach for estimation of Tair in eastern part of Iran using MODIS daytime and nighttime LST products and 11 auxiliary variables including Julian day, solar zenith angle, extraterrestrial solar radiation, latitude, altitude, reflectance at various visible and infrared bands and vegetation indices. Fourteen statistical models constructed through a stepwise regression analysis were evaluated along a 5‐year period (2000–2004) using MODIS and meteorological station data. Results of this study indicated that the statistical approach performed reasonably well, where our final proposed model could estimate average Tair with validation mean absolute error of 2.3 and 1.8 °C at daily and weekly scales, respectively. Nighttime LST, Julian day, altitude and solar zenith angle indicated to be the most effective variables capturing most variations of Tair in the study region. Variables influenced by land surface and land cover properties including reflectance at different bands and vegetation indices showed a negligible effect on the Tair‐LST relationship within the study area. It was indicated that the proposed models generally performed better for lower altitude regions.
Modification of the submandibular gland transfer procedure
Authors: Marzouki Hani Z. , Elkhalidy Youness , Jha Naresh , Scrimger Rufus , Debenham Brock J. , Harris Jeffrey R. , O'Connell Daniel A. , Seikaly Hadi
Published: May 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

The treatment for most advanced head and neck cancers (stage III and IV) usually includes radiation, and the most common side effect of this treatment modality is a permanent decrease in salivary production. Xerostomia is a devastating complication that significantly affects patients' quality of life by interfering with functions of taste, mastication, deglutition, and speech production. Treatment of xerostomia is varied, but one of the strategies developed by our group was to preserve one submandibular gland by surgically transferring it to the submental space and shielding it from the full dose of radiation. This procedure is proven to reduce the rate of radiation‐induced xerostomia, but its main disadvantage is that it is contraindicated in oral cavity cancer. This study describes and evaluates a modification of the submandibular gland transfer (SGT) procedure, where the submandibular gland contralateral to the disease process is relocated to the parotid region. This modification has the potential of expanding the benefits of submandibular gland transfer procedures to patients with oral cavity cancers.

Study Design

Prospective feasibility study.

Methods

This study involved nine patients with a new diagnosis of advanced head and neck cancer undergoing major head and neck cancer resection with postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. The new modified salivary gland transfer procedure was performed on all nine patients, and the glands total dose received with radiation therapy was assessed.

Results

All the modified SGT procedures were successful with no post‐operative complications. The radiation oncology team has been able to successfully localize the transferred submandibular glands and shield them from the radiation beam postoperatively.

Conclusions

We have successfully demonstrated that surgical transfer of a submandibular salivary gland to the parotid region is feasible, surgically viable, oncologically sound, and does not interfere with radiation therapy.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 126:2492–2496, 2016
Laser Hardening
Authors: Ruetering Markus A.
Published: May 2016

Hardening of materials by laser is a specialized yet fast‐growing field, as it offers improved wear resistance, expansion of component life, and increased strength and fatigue limits of the material.
Laser Welding of Glass Replaces Glueing Procedure
Authors: Kaiser Elke
Published: May 2016

Glass welding with femtosecond lasers is now ready for industrial practice. Clever heat management prevents tension and cracks occurring in the material. Laser welding supersedes earlier joining methods such as glueing as well as offering a number of advantages: no additional materials are necessary, no evaporation and embrittlement of materials, and greater durability. Laser welded glass protective caps for laser light cables are one demonstration of it. Furthermore, glass welding by laser opens up new design options.
Polymerizing Insulin with Photocleavable Linkers to Make Light‐Sensitive Macropolymer Depot Materials
Authors: Sarode Bhagyesh R. , Jain Piyush K. , Friedman Simon H.
Published: May 2016

The use of light‐sensitive polymers for the release of therapeutics is an important approach allowing the timing and amount of the release to be controlled precisely. The use of light has been pioneered to control insulin release from a dermal photoactivated depot, or PAD. One of the main impediments to the use of light‐sensitive polymers in this context is the density of the materials: The large majority of the material is the carrier polymer, with the minority being the therapeutic. In this work, the feasibility of using insulin itself as a monomer in the polymerization process is demonstrated. Insulin modified with either one or two light cleavable azide groups is polymerized with a tridentate alkyne‐bridging monomer using a click reaction. The resulting material called a “macropolymer” is ≈85% insulin, is insoluble in aqueous solvent, and releases native, soluble insulin upon irradiation.

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