bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutant mice lacking alternatively spliced p53 isoforms unveil Ackr4 as a male-specific prognostic factor in Myc-driven B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Fajac Anne , Simeonova Iva , Leemput Julia , Gabriel Marc , Morin Aurélie , Lejour Vincent , Hamon Annaïg , Rakotopare Jeanne , Vaysse-Zinkhöfer Wilhelm , Eldawra Eliana , Pinskaya Marina , Morillon Antonin , Bourdon Jean-Christophe , Bardot Boris , Toledo Franck
Published: September 2024

The Trp53 gene encodes several isoforms of elusive biological significance. Here, we show that mice lacking the Trp53 alternatively spliced (AS) exon, thereby expressing the canonical p53 protein but not isoforms with the AS C-terminus, have unexpectedly lost a male-specific protection against Myc-induced B-cell lymphomas. Lymphomagenesis was delayed in Trp53+/+Eμ-Myc males compared to Trp53ΔAS/ΔAS Eμ-Myc males, but also compared to Trp53+/+Eμ-Myc and Trp53ΔAS/ΔAS Eμ-Myc females. Pre-tumoral splenic cells from Trp53+/+Eμ-Myc males exhibited a higher expression of Ackr4, encoding an atypical chemokine receptor with tumor suppressive effects. We identified Ackr4 as a p53 target gene whose p53-mediated transactivation is inhibited by estrogens, and as a male-specific factor of good prognosis relevant for murine Eμ-Myc-induced and human Burkitt lymphomas. Furthermore, the knockout of ACKR4 increased the chemokine-guided migration of Burkitt lymphoma cells. These data demonstrate the functional relevance of alternatively spliced p53 isoforms and reveal sex disparities in Myc-driven lymphomagenesis.
Laminar specificity and coverage of viral-mediated gene expression restricted to GABAergic interneurons and their parvalbumin subclass in marmoset primary visual cortex
Authors: Federer Frederick , Balsor Justin , Ingold Alexander , Babcock David P , Dimidschstein Jordane , Angelucci Alessandra
Published: September 2024

In the mammalian neocortex, inhibition is important for dynamically balancing excitation and shaping the response properties of cells and circuits. The various computational functions of inhibition are thought to be mediated by different inhibitory neuron types, of which a large diversity exists in several species. Current understanding of the function and connectivity of distinct inhibitory neuron types has mainly derived from studies in transgenic mice. However, it is unknown whether knowledge gained from mouse studies applies to the non-human primate, the model system closest to humans. The lack of viral tools to selectively access inhibitory neuron types has been a major impediment to studying their function in the primate. Here, we have thoroughly validated and characterized several recently developed viral vectors designed to restrict transgene expression to GABAergic cells or their parvalbumin (PV) subtype, and identified two types that show high specificity and efficiency in marmoset V1. We show that in marmoset V1, AAV-h56D induces transgene expression in GABAergic cells with up to 91–94% specificity and 79% efficiency, but this depends on viral serotype and cortical layer. AAV-PHP.eB-S5E2 induces transgene expression in PV cells across all cortical layers with up to 98% specificity and 86–90% efficiency, depending on layer. Thus, these viral vectors are promising tools for studying GABA and PV cell function and connectivity in the primate cortex.
Comparison of hunting site strategies of the common buzzard Buteo buteo in open landscapes and along expressways
Authors: Cieśluk Paweł , Morelli Federico , Kasprzykowski Zbigniew
Published: September 2024

Background

The expansion of human activities in their many forms increases the frequency, diversity, and scale of human-wildlife interactions. One such negative form is the expansion of road infrastructure, causing road kill and traffic-related noise as well as habitat loss and fragmentation. Even so, habitats around road infrastructure are attractive foraging areas that attract certain bird species. We assessed the impact of road infrastructure on the foraging strategies of the common buzzard Buteo buteo.

Methods

Birds were observed during two winter seasons in two land-use types, along an expressway and an open agricultural landscape. Individual birds were tracked for a 10-min sequence as a separate sample was analysed. The material, covering 1,220 min along the expressway, and 1,100 min in the agricultural landscape, was collected.

Results

Time spent by buzzards on medium-height sites was higher along the expressway than in farmland. Buzzards changed their hunting sites following the mean wind speed. Also, they more often changed their sites along the expressway than in farmland. The land-use types, snow cover, and the mean wind speed mediated the number of attacks on prey. These results illustrate the high plasticity of the buzzards’ behaviour, which can adapt their hunting strategies to both foraging locations (expressway and farmland) and weather conditions. Roadsides along expressways are attractive foraging areas for this diurnal raptor, so reducing the risk of vehicle collisions with this and other birds of prey may require targeted planning efforts.
Combating Soil Salinity in Sugarcane Farming: Integrated Approaches and Bio-saline Agriculture Innovations
Authors: S. M Kishore , S.M Bharthisha , Kavya D. , Aruna K. , K. S Shalini , M. N Chethan , H.D Yashavanth
Published: September 2024

Sugarcane, a vital commercial crop globally, faces significant challenges due to soil salinity, particularly in India where regions such as Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Rajasthan are notably affected. Salinity impairs sugarcane growth through reduced water uptake, ion toxicity, nutrient imbalance, stunted growth and soil structure degradation. To combat these issues, various strategies have been proposed, including improving drainage, leaching, selecting salt-tolerant varieties, optimizing irrigation, and using soil amendments. Bio-saline agriculture, incorporating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and salt-tolerant plants, offers an innovative approach by enhancing soil fertility and crop resilience under saline conditions. Additionally, research indicates that long-term irrigation practices can exacerbate soil salinity, altering key soil parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and sodium levels. Studies on spent wash application show variable impacts on sugarcane yield and quality, with optimal results observed at moderate application rates. Effective management of soil salinity through these combined approaches can mitigate adverse effects and improve sugarcane productivity and sustainability.
Induced Topologies of Independent Domination in Helm Graphs
Authors: Lausa Bhea B. , Balingit Cherry Mae R. , Sambaan Carmelle Ezrah N.
Published: September 2024

Let G be a graph. [1] The independent domination topology (ID topology) of G, denoted by TI (G) is the topology generated by the family IG of all independent dominating sets of G. In this paper, we introduce and characterize and describe the independent domination topology through the context of the independent dominating sets of the helm graph Hn. This study highlights the significance of this topology in optimizing network designs and computational systems, offering a foundation for future research and practical applications.
Comparative Studies of Some Biochemical and Toxicological Investigations of Chromolaena odorata and Ipomoea involucrata from Lagos Suburb in Nigeria
Authors: A. S. Gbadamosi , M.O. Oseni , O.A. Oseni
Published: September 2024

The search for plants and plants products of medicinal potentials cannot be underestimated. Hence this study sought to investigate some parameters of medicinal importance.The phytochemical constituents, proximate and mineral composition, anti-nutrient contents, and acute toxicity of Chromolaena odorata and Ipomoea involucrata were analyzed using standard analytical methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids in both plants. Notably, Ipomoea involucrate exhibited higher saponin levels, suggesting potential unique medicinal properties. Proximate and mineral composition analysis indicated that both plants have low moisture content, which helps in preserving the active compounds by minimizing chemical degradation. Additionally, the plants were found to be rich in crude fiber, protein, and nutritionally valuable elements. Anti-nutrient assessments showed that Chromolaena odorata had the lowest cyanide (5.45mg/100 g) and phytate (0.23mg/100 g) levels, while Ipomoea involucrate had the lowest oxalate content (0.40 mg/100 g). Furthermore, no mortality was observed in tested animals following oral treatment with 2000 mg/kg body weight, indicating a high margin of safety. This study highlights that both Chromolaena odorata and Ipomoea involucrate possess beneficial phytochemical and nutritional profiles. The low moisture content in these plants contributes to the stability of their active compounds, enhancing their potential medicinal value. Ipomoea involucrata stands out for its higher saponin content, which may offer distinctive therapeutic benefits. The minimal presence of anti-nutrients andless lethal effectsfurther support their safety and efficacy as medicinal plants. The findings in this study however underscore the therapeutic potential of these plants and their suitability for use in drug development and their application in therapeutic products.
Effect of County Government Strategies in the Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Plastic Waste in Lodwar Town, Turkana County Kenya
Authors: Nakusi Peter , Mbeke Alexander M , Musyoki Stanslaus Kiilu , Monari Fred N.
Published: September 2024

Plastic waste management has become a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many developing countries. Economic growth and population increase in the developing countries in recent years has caused an increase in utilization of natural resources that has led to unprecedented plastic waste generation. The uncontrolled plastic waste disposal has become a challenge in Africa and other developing countries due to insufficient or lack of human and financial capacities to remedy the situation. This study investigated the effect of county governments’ strategies in place in the collection, transportation and disposal of plastic waste in Lodwar town, turkana county Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. purposive sampling was used to select 345 respondents from Lodwar town and the county government employees including key informants from public health department at the county was adopted. Data were then analyzed for descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The study findings showed that majority (78.6%) of the residents disagreed that there is reselling of plastic materials to avoid generation of wastage. Further majority (38%) also disagreed that they are reusing the plastics for other purposes in their households. Additionally, majority (55.9%) still disagreed that the municipality has recycling company, which has assisted in plastic material recycling. However, on the other hand majority (71.6%) of the residents were not aware if there is a new technological recycling machine in the county. The study revealed that majority of the respondents disagreed that there are waste collectors and transporters in the town (mean= 1.95, standard deviation=0.99). Majority of the respondents disagreed that the municipality have recycling company which has assisted in plastic material recycling (Mean=1.51, standard deviation=0.89). Majority of the residents strongly agreed that handling plastic waste in Lodwar municipality is of great concern (Mean=4.59, standard deviation=0.84). The study concluded planning and coordination have a significant effect on plastic waste handling in Lodwar municipality. There are no enough waste collectors and transporters in the town also Municipality has no clear waste management guideline/policy. Recycling methods have a significant effect on plastic waste handling in Lodwar municipality. The study recommended that the municipality administration should come up with waste management guideline/policy that will ensure efficient and reliable wastage handling.
Economic Importance of Frontline Demonstrations on Groundnut Production Technology in Nagarkurnool District, India
Authors: Mamatha K. , Seshu G. , Madhuri G. , Rani V. Divya , Rani Ch. V. Durga , Kumar K. Avil
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was conducted in the rabi, 2019-20 in Nagarkurnool District. A total of 25 demonstrations were conducted in Peddur and Uppununtala villages of Telkapally Mandal and Nagarkurnool District. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the improved crop management practices in groundnut to increase the productivity and profitability of groundnut crops. The study revealed that Improved Crop Management practices enhanced groundnut pod yield (2338 kg ha-1) by up to 9.4% over farmer's practice (2116 kg ha-1). The technology gap ranged from 300-900 kg ha-1 and the extension gap ranged from 200-350 kg ha-1 with an average technology Index of 22.1%. The ICM practices have reduced the cost of cultivation (Rs.46,775/-) and increased the gross returns (Rs.1,41,890/-), net returns (Rs.95,115/-) and B: C ratio (2.05) over farmer's practice (Rs.46,775/-, Rs.128102/-, Rs.78475/- and 1.59 respectively).
Assessment of Species-Based Ecosystem Services and Its Usefulness in Forest-Savanna Ecological Zone
Authors: Ezeomedo Amaka P. , Igu Nwabueze I. , Iheukwumere Samuel O.
Published: September 2024

Forest ecosystems are the main species rich ecosystem on earth, having a significant role in the provision of massive benefits to the populace who depended on them for sustenance. This study aimed at assessing the forest provisioning ecosystem service and use in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The objectives of this study include the identification of forest provisioning ecosystem services and their uses, people’s dependence for livelihood and quantity of ecosystem services supplied by community forests. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 8 sampled communities while Nikolopoulou convenience sampling technique was adopted for selecting sampling size of 200 persons. Also, 31 key informants were interviewed across the study area. The responses from the entire sampled questionnaire and interview were analyzed using Microsoft excel and statistical package for social sciences. The study revealed that a good number of the forest resources such as Elaeis guineensis, Garcinia kola, Bambusa vulgaris, Azadirachta indica and Brophyllum pinnatum have multiple uses. The result also revealed that the nature of forest determines the quantity of ecosystem service benefits supplied. Hence, those community forests with weak policies supply less than 40% of resources because their traditional laws of entering and harvesting forest resources are no longer effective, while those with strong policies like restriction into their sacred groves, forest reserves and swampy forests supply above 40%. The chi-square value of 352.873 with 28 degrees of freedom (DF) proved that there is strong relationship between the nature of forest and the quantity of ecosystem services provided. This research concludes that forest ecosystem in Ihiala L.G.A, supplies a wide variety of plant and animal species to the populace, which they basically use for timber, firewood, food and medicine. Nonetheless, without alternative and diversified livelihood, the supply is becoming unsustainable. It recommends that since palm tree and its resources are averagely abundant in the study area, there is need to support the establishment of basket making training centre in various communities and as such, make it an attractive skill acquisition programme.
Evaluating the Effects of Capacity Building and Training (CBT) on Sericulture Practices of Farmers in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Bukhari Rubia , Hussan Farzanda , Kousar Farzana , Sharma Arti , Gull Azad
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effects of capacity building and training (CBT) on sericulture farmers in Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir UT. The research focuses on socio-economic and communication characteristics of sericulture farmers and evaluates the impact of CBT on their farming practices. A total of 25 sericulture farmers from sub-district Nowshera in Rajouri district were selected using simple random sampling. Data on registered farmers were obtained from the Department of Sericulture, Government of Jammu and Kashmir. Paired t-tests was employed to analyze the impact of CBT after implementation. The findings reveal significant improvements in various aspects of sericulture after CBT intervention. There was a notable increase in average seed intake, cocoon production, total family income, and income from sericulture. Furthermore, the mortality rate of silkworms decreased significantly after CBT training. The area under mulberry plantation and the number of mulberry plants also witnessed substantial increases post-training. Additionally, the application of disinfectant and the number of government schemes availed showed significant improvements. Overall, the study highlights the importance of CBT in enhancing the technical capabilities of sericulture farmers and improving their farming practices. The results underscore the significance of providing training in modern technology, integrated pest management, and disease management to enhance production outcomes in Sericulture.
Sequence‐specific DNA binding by AT‐hook motifs in MeCP2
Authors: Lyst Matthew J. , Connelly John , Merusi Cara , Bird Adrian
Published: July 2016

MeCP2 is a chromatin‐associated protein that is mutated in Rett syndrome. Its methyl‐CpG‐binding domain interacts with DNA containing methylated cytosine, but other modes of recruitment to the genome have also been proposed. Here, we use in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the DNA binding specificity of two AT‐hook motifs in MeCP2. One exhibits robust sequence‐specific DNA binding, whereas the other is a much weaker AT‐hook. Our data indicate that these motifs are secondary contributors to DNA binding by MeCP2, and this view is supported by the absence of disease‐causing missense mutations at these sites.
Evaluating drivers of Pleistocene eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature
Authors: Dyez K. A. , Ravelo A. C. , Mix A. C.
Published: July 2016

Sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern equatorial Pacific is a key component of tropical oceanic and atmospheric circulation with global teleconnections. Forcing factors such as local and high‐latitude insolation changes, ice sheet size and albedo feedbacks, and greenhouse gas radiation have been proposed as controls of long‐term eastern tropical Pacific SST, though the precise role each mechanism plays is not fully known on glacial‐interglacial or longer timescales. Here proposed mechanisms are evaluated by comparing orbital‐scale records of eastern Pacific SST with forcing variability over the past 1.5 Ma. The primary SST records are a compilation of new and existing data from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1239 at the northeastern margin of the modern eastern Pacific cold tongue and Site 846 SST within the cold tongue. Using time series analysis, we test previously proposed mechanisms for control of long‐term tropical SST change and SST gradients in the eastern Pacific. We find that within statistical uncertainties, in the precession band eastern Pacific SST is consistent with direct forcing by equatorial radiation changes in the tropical cold season (summer‐fall) rather than inversely correlated as previously suggested. In the obliquity band high‐latitude solar forcing leads or is in phase with eastern equatorial Pacific SST, while in the eccentricity band atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are closely associated with cold tongue SST. Pleistocene eastern Pacific SST gradients indicate that the gradient on the northern margin of the cold tongue strengthened through the mid‐Pleistocene transition, a result compatible with the cold tongue becoming more focused at ~900–650 ka.
Practices and perceptions on water resource sustainability in ecovillages
Authors: de Moura Leite Flavia Brunale Vilela , Bertolo Lídia Sanches , Santos Rozely Ferreira
Published: July 2016

In many areas of the world, groups of people have attempted to create urban landscapes that follow the principles of environmental sustainability. To this end, groups have devised alternative models, such as ecovillages, where low‐impact handling is used and a way of life different from that of large population centers is adopted. Although these villages exist, their efficiency in the conservation of natural resources has not been effectively evaluated. This study evaluated the practices used by two Brazilian ecovillages to conserve water resources to assess whether this new concept of living is indeed successful in meeting sustainability goals. We selected 25 indicators of water sustainability, and using the compromise programming method, we quantified the distance between those landscapes self‐referenced as sustainable and an ideal hypothetical scenario. We also interpreted the communities perceptions using the distance between the current situations and the envisioned scenario. We concluded that both ecovillage are far from technically ideal scenario, but the communities have a strong sense of their limitations in implementing water resources conservation. The communities attributed this fact primarily to deficiencies in the shared management.
Glycosaminoglycan‐Based Biohybrid Hydrogels: A Sweet and Smart Choice for Multifunctional Biomaterials
Authors: Freudenberg Uwe , Liang Yingkai , Kiick Kristi L. , Werner Carsten
Published: July 2016

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) govern important functional characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissues. Incorporation of GAGs into biomaterials opens up new routes for the presentation of signaling molecules, providing control over development, homeostasis, inflammation, and tumor formation and progression. Recent approaches to GAG‐based materials are reviewed, highlighting the formation of modular, tunable biohybrid hydrogels by covalent and non‐covalent conjugation schemes, including both theory‐driven design concepts and advanced processing technologies. Examples of the application of the resulting materials in biomedical studies are provided. For perspective, solid‐phase and chemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis methods for GAG‐derived motifs, rational and high‐throughput design strategies for GAG‐based materials, and the utilization of the factor‐scavenging characteristics of GAGs are highlighted.
Solid State Electrochemical WO3 Transistors with High Current Modulation
Authors: Grey Paul , Pereira Luís , Pereira Sónia , Barquinha Pedro , Cunha Inês , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the role of electrode architecture (conventional and interdigital), device structure (vertical or planar), and tungsten oxide (WO3) channel thickness on the electro‐optical performances of room temperature sputtered electrochromic transistors (EC‐Ts) is reported. A larger number of electro‐reducible tungsten sites in thicker WO3 films provide improved optical density and coloration efficiency. However, overall transistor performance is found to suffer in planar EC‐Ts with the conventional electrode architecture, where the step to planar interdigital electrodes leaves the devices to be almost insensitive to WO3 thickness. Vertical structures result in improved device properties and stability, given to the shorter distance between gate electrode and semiconductor and to the encapsulation effect provided by such structures. These devices show an On–Off ratio of 5 × 106 and a transconductance (g
m) of 3.59 mS, for gate voltages (V
G) between −2 and 2 V, which to the authors' knowledge are the best values ever reported for electrochemical transistors. The simple and low‐cost processing together with the electrical/optical performances well supported into a comprehensive analysis of device physics opens doors for a wide range of new applications in display technologies, biosensors, fuel cells, or electrochemical logic circuits.
Introducing Rolled‐Up Nanotechnology for Advanced Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Deng Junwen , Lu Xueyi , Liu Lixiang , Zhang Lin , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: July 2016

Energy storage devices, acting as complementing units for renewable energy sources, play a key role in modern society, and they serve as the dominant power supply for most portable electronics. At the heart of the development of next‐generation energy storage devices lies the exploration of intrinsic material properties, architectural design and fabrication methods. Rolled‐up nanotechnology, a unique method to self‐assemble nanomembranes into 3D structures using strain engineering, has advanced the development of energy storage devices with superior performance. In this review, the recent progress of employing rolled‐up nanotechnology is focused to design rational electrodes for Li‐ion (LIBs) and Li‐O2 batteries. A comprehensive summary of the fabrication and application of diverse rolled‐up structures in these electrochemical energy storage devices is provided. Apart from this, the great potential of this approach is also highlighted for scalable miniaturized microdevice fabrication, including micro‐LIBs, microsupercapacitors, and microscale ultracompact capacitors. These devices offer a promising platform not only for electrochemical microprobes, but also for lab‐on‐a‐chip applications. Finally, prospects and challenges of employing rolled‐up nanotechnology for future research and development in the broad field of energy storage systems are discussed.
Recent Developments of the Lithium Metal Anode for Rechargeable Non‐Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Zhang Kai , Lee Gi‐Hyeok , Park Mihui , Li Weijie , Kang Yong‐Mook
Published: July 2016

Over the last 40 years, metallic lithium as an anode material has been of great interest owing to its high energy density. However, dendritic lithium growth causes serious safety issues. Awareness and understanding of the Li deposition and stripping processes have grown rapidly especially in recent years, and consequently, there have been many attempts to suppress the Li dendrites. Recent developments that have modified the electrolytes and the Li anode in order to inhibit the growth of Li dendrite and improve cycling performance are summarized. It has been shown that current density, solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, Li+ transference number, and shear modulus have significant impact on the growth behavior and the Coulombic efficiency. Various methods have been introduced to increase the surface area of the Li anode, enhance Li+ conductivity, form stable SEI film, and improve mechanical strength of electrolytes. These approaches are discussed in details, and the perspectives regarding the future use of Li anode are also outlined. It is hoped that this review will facilitate the future development of Li metal batteries.
“That was the Last Time I Saw my House”: The Importance of Place Attachment among Children and Youth in Disaster Contexts
Authors: Scannell Leila , Cox Robin S. , Fletcher Sarah , Heykoop Cheryl
Published: July 2016

Place attachment is important for children and youth's disaster preparedness, experiences, recovery, and resilience, but most of the literature on place and disasters has focused on adults. Drawing on the community disaster risk reduction, recovery, and resilience literature as well as the literature on normative place attachment, children and youth's place‐relevant disaster experiences are examined. Prior to a disaster, place attachments are postulated to enhance children and youth's disaster preparedness contributions and reinforce their pre‐disaster resilience. During a disaster, damage of, and displacement from, places of importance can create significant emotional distress among children and youth. Following a disaster, pre‐existing as well as new place ties can aid in their recovery and bolster their resilience moving forward. This framework enriches current theories of disaster recovery, resilience, and place attachment, and sets an agenda for future research.
Infantile spasms in down syndrome: Rescue by knockdown of the GIRK2 channel
Authors: Joshi Krutika , Shen Lily , Michaeli Avner , Salter Michael , Thibault‐Messier Gabrielle , Hashmi Sumaiya , Eubanks James H. , Cortez Miguel A. , Snead O. Carter
Published: July 2016

Objective

The Ts65Dn (Ts) mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) is exquisitely sensitive to an infantile spasms phenotype induced by γ‐aminobutyric acidB receptor (GABABR) agonists. The Ts mouse contains the core genomic triplication of the DS critical region, which includes 3 copies of the Kcnj6 gene that encodes the GABABR‐coupled G protein‐coupled inward rectifying potassium channel subunit 2 (GIRK2) channel. We test the hypothesis that GIRK2 is necessary for the GABABR agonist‐induced infantile spasms phenotype in Ts.

Methods

We assessed the result of either genetic or pharmacological knockdown of the GIRK2 channel in Ts brain upon the GABABR agonist‐induced infantile spasms phenotype in the Ts mouse model of DS. As well, we examined GABABR currents in hippocampal neurons prepared from GIRK2‐trisomic Ts control mice and GIRK2‐disomic Ts mice in which Kcnj6 had been genetically knocked down from 3 to 2 copies.

Results

The reduction of the copy number of Kcnj6 in Ts mice rescued the GABABR agonist‐induced infantile spasms phenotype. There was an increase in GABABR‐mediated GIRK2 currents in GIRK2‐trisomic Ts mouse hippocampal neurons, which were normalized in the GIRK2‐disomic Ts mice. Similarly, pharmacological knockdown of the GIRK2 channel in Ts brain using the GIRK antagonist tertiapin‐Q also rescued the GABABR agonist‐induced infantile spasms phenotype in Ts mutants.

Interpretation

The GABABR‐coupled GIRK2 channel is necessary for the GABABR agonist‐induced infantile spasms phenotype in the Ts mouse and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of infantile spasms in DS. Ann Neurol 2016;80:511–521
Kohlenstoffbasierte Metallfreie Katalysatoren für die Elektrokatalyse jenseits der ORR
Authors: Hu Chuangang , Dai Liming
Published: July 2016

Abgesehen von ihrem Einsatz bei der Sauerstoffreduktionsreaktion (ORR) in Brennstoffzellen sind metallfreie Katalysatoren auf Kohlenstoffbasis auch als Ersatz für Edelmetall‐ oder Metalloxid‐Katalysatoren bei der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) in Metall‐Luft‐Batterien sowie der Wasserstoffentwicklungsreaktion (HER) der Wasserspaltung von Interesse. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit neuen Entwicklungen bei metallfreien Katalysatoren auf Kohlenstoffbasis für die OER und die HER und benennt Probleme und Perspektiven auf dem relativ jungen Forschungsgebiet der metallfreien Elektrokatalyse.
Ultrastable Hydroxyapatite/Titanium‐Dioxide‐Supported Gold Nanocatalyst with Strong Metal–Support Interaction for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation
Authors: Tang Hailian , Liu Fei , Wei Jiake , Qiao Botao , Zhao Kunfeng , Su Yang , Jin Changzi , Li Lin , Liu Jingyue (Jimmy) , Wang Junhu , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2016

Supported Au nanocatalysts have attracted intensive interest because of their unique catalytic properties. Their poor thermal stability, however, presents a major barrier to the practical applications. Here we report an ultrastable Au nanocatalyst by localizing the Au nanoparticles (NPs) in the interfacial regions between the TiO2 and hydroxyapatite. This unique configuration makes the Au NP surface partially encapsulated due to the strong metal–support interaction and partially exposed and accessible by the reaction molecules. The strong interaction helps stabilizing the Au NPs while the partially exposed Au NP surface provides the active sites for reactions. Such a catalyst not only demonstrated excellent sintering resistance with high activity after calcination at 800 °C but also showed excellent durability that outperforms a commercial three‐way catalyst in a simulated practical testing, suggesting great potential for practical applications.
Formation of Coaxial Nanocables with Amplified Supramolecular Chirality through an Interaction between Carbon Nanotubes and a Chiral π‐Gelator
Authors: Vedhanarayanan Balaraman , Nair Vishnu S. , Nair Vijayakumar C. , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: July 2016

In an attempt to gather experimental evidence for the influence of carbon allotropes on supramolecular chirality, we found that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) facilitate amplification of the molecular chirality of a π‐gelator (MC‐OPV) to supramolecular helicity at a concentration much lower than that required for intermolecular interaction. For example, at a concentration 1.8×10−4 m, MC‐OPV did not exhibit a CD signal; however, the addition of 0–0.6 mg of SWNTs resulted in amplified chirality as evident from the CD spectrum. Surprisingly, AFM analysis revealed the formation of thick helical fibers with a width of more than 100 nm. High‐resolution TEM analysis and solid‐state UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy revealed that the thick helical fibers were cylindrical cables composed of individually wrapped and coaxially aligned SWNTs. Such an impressive effect of CNTs on supramolecular chirality and cylindrical‐cable formation has not been reported previously.
A Molybdenum(0) Isocyanide Analogue of Ru(2,2′‐Bipyridine)32+: A Strong Reductant for Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Büldt Laura A. , Guo Xingwei , Prescimone Alessandro , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: July 2016

We report the first homoleptic Mo0 complex with bidentate isocyanide ligands, which exhibits metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) luminescence with quantum yields and lifetimes similar to Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine). This Mo0 complex is a very strong photoreductant, which manifests in its capability to reduce acetophenone with essentially diffusion‐limited kinetics as shown by time‐resolved laser spectroscopy. The application potential of this complex for photoredox catalysis was demonstrated by the rearrangement of an acyl cyclopropane to a 2,3‐dihydrofuran, which is a reaction that requires a reduction potential so negative that even the well‐known and strongly reducing Ir(2‐phenylpyridine)3 photosensitizer cannot catalyze it. Our study thus provides the proof‐of‐concept for the use of chelating isocyanides to obtain Mo0 complexes with long‐lived 3MLCT excited states that are applicable to unusually challenging photoredox chemistry.
Silver salts and DBU cooperatively catalyzed domino reaction of propargylic alcohols with trifluoromethyl ketones: direct method to trifluoromethyl‐substituted 5‐alkylidene‐1,3‐dioxolane derivatives
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Li Feng , Xie Huanping , Xu Mengmeng , Zhao Xiaobo , Liu Lantao , Zhao Wen‐Xian
Published: July 2016

A general and efficient synthesis of trifluoromethyl‐substituted 5‐alkylidene‐1,3‐dioxolanes using AgNO3 and DBU cooperatively catalyzed domino reaction of propargylic alcohols and trifluoromethyl ketones is described. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, and the desired products are obtained in good to excellent yields (62–99%) with acceptable diastereoselectivities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DMSO enhanced conformational switch of an interfacial enzyme
Authors: Lindsay Richard J. , Johnson Quentin R. , Evangelista Wilfredo , Nellas Ricky B. , Shen Tongye
Published: July 2016

Interfacial proteins function in unique heterogeneous solvent environments, such as water–oil interfaces. One important example is microbial lipase, which is activated in an oil‐water emulsion phase and has many important enzymatic functions. A unique aprotic dipolar organic solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), has been shown to increase the activity of lipases, but the mechanism behind this enhancement is still unknown. Here, all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations of lipase in a binary solution were performed to examine the effects of DMSO on the dynamics of the gating mechanism. The amphiphilic α5 region of the lipase was a focal point for the analysis, since the structural ordering of α5 has been shown to be important for gating under other perturbations. Compared to the closed‐gorge ensemble in an aqueous environment, the conformational ensemble shifts towards open‐gorge structures in the presence of DMSO solvents. Increased width of the access channel is particularly prevalent in 45% and 60% DMSO concentrations (w/w). As the amount of DMSO increases, the α5 region of the lipase becomes more α‐helical, as we previously observed in studies that address water–oil interfacial and high pressure activation. We believe that the structural ordering of α5 plays an essential role on gating and lipase activity.
Ionic Liquid‐assisted Separation of Carbohydrates from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Vo Huyen Thanh , Kim Chang Soo , Lee Sang Deuk , Lee Hyunjoo
Published: July 2016

To utilize carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass, a fractionation of lignocellulose is crucial. In this study, poplar wood sawdust was treated with a mixture of ionic liquids, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([Bmim][OAc]) and 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium methyl phosphite ([Dmim][MeO(H)PO2]), to separate carbohydrate and lignin components from wood. Three types of product were isolated: water‐soluble wood (WSW), water‐insoluble wood (WIW), and wood in ionic liquids (WIL). At a dissolution temperature of 130°C for 18 h, WSW was found to have high carbohydrate and low lignin contents of 81.0 and 3.5%, respectively, corresponding to a delignification efficiency of 88.9%. WIW isolated under the same condition was found to have 55% of the lignin of native poplar. However, with an increase in the dissolution temperature and the time, the yield of WIL increased due to the increased phosphorylation in both carbohydrate and lignin, forming a mixture of carbohydrate and lignin having phosphorylated ionic functional groups.
Monitoring of the degradation kinetics of diatrizoate sodium to its cytotoxic degradant using a stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatographic method
Authors: Fawaz Esraa M. , El‐Rahman Mohamed K. Abd , Riad Safaa M. , Shehata Mostafa A.
Published: July 2016

The X‐ray diagnostic agent sodium diatrizoate (DTA) was studied for chemical degradation. The 3,5‐diamino derivative was found to be the alkaline and acidic degradation product. The 3,5‐diamino degradate is also the synthetic precursor of DTA and it is proved to have cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. A sensitive, selective and precise high‐performance liquid chromatographic stability‐indicating method for the determination of DTA in the presence of its acidic degradation product and in pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. Owing to the high toxicity of the degradation product, the kinetics of the acidic degradation process was monitored by the developed RP‐HPLC method. The reaction was found to follow pseudo‐first order kinetics. The kinetic parameters such as rate constant (K) and half‐life (t½) were calculated under different temperatures and acid concentrations; activation energy was estimated from the Arrhenius plot. The developed RP‐HPLC method depends on isocratic elution of a mobile phase composed of methanol–water (25:75 v/v; pH adjusted with phosphoric acid), and UV detection at 238 nm. The method showed good linearity over a concentration range of 2–100 μg/mL with mean percentage recovery of 100.04 ± 1.07. The selectivity of the proposed method was tested using laboratory‐prepared mixtures. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of DTA in pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from other dosage form additives and the results were statistically compared with the official USP method. Validation of the proposed method was performed according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.
An HPLC method for the determination of selected amino acids in human embryo culture medium
Authors: Drábková Petra , Andrlová Lenka , Kanďár Roman
Published: July 2016

A method for the determination of selected amino acids in culture medium using HPLC with fluorescence detection is described. Twenty hours after intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection, one randomly selected zygote was transferred to the culture medium. After incubation (72 h after fertilization), the culture medium in which the embryo was incubated and blank medium was immediately stored at −80°C. Filtered medium samples were derivatized with ortho‐phthalaldehyde (naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde), forming highly fluorescent amino acids derivatives. Reverse‐phase columns (LichroCART, Purospher STAR RP18e or Ascentis Express C18) were used for the separation. The derivatives were analyzed by gradient elution with a mobile phase containing ethanol and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory for all amino acids; the intra‐assay coefficients of variation were <10% and quantitative recoveries were between 95.5 and 104.4%. Changes in the levels of selected amino acids before and after human embryo cultivation were observed. After embryo incubation, the levels of all amino acids in the medium were increased, apart from aspartate and asparagine. After the cultivation of some embryos, amino acids which were not part of the medium were detected. Low amino acids turnover was observed in some embryos.
On Dioxygen Permeation of MaL Laccase from the Thermophilic Fungus Melanocarpus albomyces: An all‐Atom Molecular Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Pietra Francesco
Published: July 2016

In this article, biased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of O2 egress from the active center of MaL laccase toward the bulk solvent were described. Parameterization of the set of four Cu(II) ions, in the framework of CHARMM‐36 FF, was carried out on a recent dummy‐atom model that takes into account the Jahn–Teller effect. By carrying out a number of statistically relevant MD simulations, under a tiny randomly oriented external force applied to the molecule O2, three preferred gates for O2 egress from the enzyme and a few intermediate binding pockets (BPs) for O2 were visible; all the gates and pockets were located on two of the three domains. This wide distribution of preferred gates notwithstanding the molecule O2 was seen to follow specific pathways, exploiting consistently the interstices created by the enzyme thermal fluctuations. These are features that can be imagined to have evolved to make MaL laccase extremely efficient as catalysts in various reactions that require O2.
Phenamil enhances the adipogenic differentiation of hen preadipocytes
Authors: Regassa Alemu , Park Kye Won , Kim Woo Kyun
Published: July 2016

A study was conducted to examine the effect of phenamil on adipogenic differentiation and expression of key adipogenic transcripts in hen preadipocytes. Preadipocytes were isolated from 20‐week old Single Comb White Leghorn hens (Gallas gallus, Lohman strain). The experiment lasted for 48 h and had six treatments. Non‐treated control (C) cells, cells treated with dexamethasone, 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine, insulin, and oleic acid (DMIOA) (T1), DMIOA + 15 μM phenamil (T2), DMIOA + 30 μM phenamil (T3), 15 μM phenamil alone (T4), and 30 μM phenamil alone (T5). Neutral lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of key adipogenic transcripts were measured in all treatments and compared. Lipid accumulation was detected in T1, T2, and T3 only. Expression of peroxisome proliferator receptor‐activator gamma 2 (PPARγ2), the core enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) as well as ETS variant 4 (ETV4) and 5 was higher (P < 0.05) in T2, T3, T4, and T5 compared to C. Expression of these transcripts was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 and T3 compared to T4 and T5. The core enhancer binding protein α, C/EBPβ, and FABP4 were highly expressed (P < 0.05) in T1 compared to C. However, the expression of PPARγ2, LPL, and ETV4 and ETV5 was not significantly different. Expression of C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and FABP4 was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 and T3 compared to T1. Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and leptin receptor (LEPR) was not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, phenamil enhances DMIOA‐induced adipogenic differentiation of hen preadipocytes but does not induce adipogenesis by itself.
Highly Efficient Vapor‐Phase Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid Over Structured Nanowall‐Like Nickel‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Li Wei , Fan Guoli , Yang Lan , Li Feng
Published: July 2016

With ever increasing demand of sustainable energy, biomass has been regarded as an ideal alternative to fossil resources. Herein, hierarchical three‐dimensional nickel‐based nanowalls on a nickel foam substrate were fabricated by a Ni–Zr–Al layered double hydroxide (NiZrAl–LDH) precursor route, which involved in situ growth of the Zr‐containing precursor on the Ni foam strut through surface activation without an external nickel source. After calcination–reduction treatment, the nanowalls were applied as a structured catalyst for selectively hydrogenating biomass‐derived levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone. Systematic characterization revealed that highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles could be generated on the platelet‐like Zr‐containing oxide matrix derived from hierarchical 3 D NiZrAl–LDH nanowalls. Under vapor‐phase, solvent‐free hydrogenation conditions (250 °C, ambient pressure), the yield and productivity for as‐fabricated Ni‐based structured catalyst could reach as high as 97.7 % and 5.747 kgGVL kgcat−1 h−1, respectively. Such high catalytic efficiency was reasonably attributable to highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles and abundant surface Lewis acid sites, as well as favorable heat‐transfer nature of present catalytic system. Moreover, the newly developed structured nanowall‐like Ni‐based catalyst possesses high structural and chemical stability, which makes the vapor‐phase hydrogenation process promising in terms of green sustainable chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Cs3W3PO13: A Tungsten Phosphate with One‐Dimensional Zigzag Tunnels Exhibiting Strongly Anisotropic Thermal Expansion.
Authors: Gong Pifu , Jiang Xingxing , Yang Yi , Luo Siyang , Huang Rongjin , Li Laifeng , Chen Chuangtian , Lin Zheshuai
Published: July 2016

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared from a mixture of CsCO3, WO3, NH4H2PO4, and B2O3 in the molar ratio of 4:3:3:3 using B2O3 and WO3 as a flux (Pt crucible, 973 K, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Polyoxometalate Co4V2W18O6810‐: A Critical Investigation of Its Synthesis, Purity, and Observed 51V Quadrupolar NMR.
Authors: Folkman Scott J. , Kirner Joel T. , Finke Richard G.
Published: July 2016

Two literature methods for the synthesis of Na10 [Co4 (H2O)2V2W18O68], which is reported to be a stable, homogeneous water‐oxidation catalyst, are repeated.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of Benzazoles from Alcohols and o‐Substituted Anilines with a Catalytic Amount of CoII Salt.
Authors: Lai Yin‐Long , Ye Jian‐Shan , Huang Jing‐Mei
Published: July 2016

The reactions are carried out in an undivided cell using a pair of Pt‐foils as electrodes under constant current conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu2O/Nano‐CuFe2O4: An Efficient and Magnetically Recoverable Catalyst for the Ligand‐Free N‐Arylation of Amines and Nitrogen Heterocycles with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Elhampour Ali , Nemati Firouzeh , Kaveh Mahdieh
Published: July 2016

Cu2O/nano‐CuFe2O4 is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the ligand‐free N‐arylation of amines and various nitrogen heterocycles with aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Transannular C—H Functionalization of Alicyclic Amines.
Authors: Topczewski Joseph J. , Cabrera Pablo J. , Saper Noam I. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: July 2016

An approach for the selective C—H functionalization of various alicyclic amines at sites remote from nitrogen by nitrogen‐directed transannular C—H activation is described.