bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Responsive Gas Sensor of Vertically Aligned Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Nanorod Thin Film
Authors: Cho Chan-Woo , Lee Jong-Heun , Riu Doh-Hyung , Kim Chang-Yeoul
Published: March 2012

We prepared fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) nanorod films and a conventional FTO thin film for the application of a semiconducting gas sensor by spray pyrolysis method. The lengths of FTO nanorods (FTON, 100 and 500 nm) were controlled by changing deposition times, and FTO thin film (FTOT) was also prepared as a reference. The gas sensitivity test shows FTON with long nanorods had higher sensitivity for both hydrogen and ethanol gases but slow response and recovery times, despite an advantage of the higher gas sensitivity. FTO nanorod film with short length about 100 nm showed relatively lower sensitivity, but fast gas response and recovery characteristics. The fast response and recovery for the analyte gases are attributed to the conductance of FTO nanorods, which is closely related to the diameter and length of nanorods.
Formation of Graphene-Containing Porous Carbon Film for Electric Double-Layer Capacitor by Pulsed Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Matsushima Masahiro , Noda Mikio , Kalita Golap , Uchida Hideo , Wakita Koichi , Umeno Masayoshi
Published: March 2012

Porous carbon films (PCFs) containing nanographene were deposited from a gas mixture of H2, CH4, and CO2 by pulsed discharge (PD) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a Ni catalytic layer, and their capacitance and conductance as an electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) were investigated. The morphological study showed fiberlike structure formation with a 50-nm-thick Ni catalyst film. Nanographene-containing PCFs were deposited with a 100-nm-thick Ni film. When the Ni film thickness increased from 50 to 100 nm, the capacitance increased from 13 to 152 µF/cm2 and the conductance increased from 2.1 to 6.8 mS/cm2. These results show that graphene-containing PCFs are very much suitable as electrode materials of EDLCs.
A Ferrofluidic Magnetic Micropump for Variable-Flow-Rate Applications
Authors: Lee Chia-Yen , Leong Jik-Chang , Wang Yao-Nan , Fu Lung-Ming , Chen
Published: March 2012

A novel micropump is proposed comprising two ferrofluidic plugs contained within a circular poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchannel and a permanent magnet positioned beneath one of the plugs and driven by a rotating stepping motor. The ferrofluidic plugs are immiscible with the sample fluid. Thus, as the stepping motor rotates, the sample trapped between the two plugs is driven through the circular microchannel and exits the pump via the outlet diffuser. Meanwhile, more sample fluid is drawn into the microchannel on the inlet side. As a result, a continuous pumping effect is achieved. It is shown that the flow rate in the proposed device can be easily controlled by adjusting the rotational velocity of the stepping motor. In addition, for a constant motor velocity, the flow rate can be improved by increasing the circular channel width. The experimental results show that a maximum flow rate of 93 µl/min is obtained given a channel width of 1000 µm and a rotational velocity of 8 rpm. In addition, it is shown that the pump is capable of developing a maximum pressure head of 75 mm water (0.66 kPa) with channel width of 500 µm.
Complementary Characterization of Radioactivity Produced by Repetitive Laser-Driven Proton Beam Using Shot-to-Shot Proton Spectral Measurement and Direct Activation Measurement
Authors: Ogura Koichi , Shizuma Toshiyuki , Hayakawa Takehito , Yogo Akifumi , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Orimo Satoshi , Sagisaka Akito , Pirozhkov Alexander , Mori Michiaki , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Kanazawa Shuhei , Kondo Shuji , Nakai Yoshiki , Shimomura Takuya , Tanoue Manabu , Sasao Hajime , Wakai Daisuke , Sasao Fumitaka , Okada Hajime , Kimura Toyoaki , Oishi Yuji , Nayuki Takuya , Fujii Takashi , Nemoto Koshichi , Daido Hiroyuki
Published: March 2012

The precision of the time-of-flight method for measuring proton spectra is confirmed by the activation method using a 7Li(p,n)7Be nuclear reaction. The proton beam driven by a repetitive high-intensity laser is utilized to induce the nuclear reaction. The activity measured by direct gamma-ray measurement after 1912 proton beam shots at 1 Hz is 1.7±0.2 Bq. This is in accordance with the activity of 1.6±0.2 Bq obtained from the shot-to-shot proton energy distribution measured using the time-of-flight detector.
Disruption of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor phosphorylation prolongs ERK1/2 MAPK activation and enhances c-fosexpression
Authors: Tawfeek Hesham A. , Abou-Samra Abdul B.
Published: March 2012

Previous studies have demonstrated that parathyroid hormone (PTH) binding to the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PPR) stimulates G protein coupling, receptor phosphorylation, β-arrestin translocation, and internalization of the ligand/receptor complex. The extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2 MAPK) are downstream effectors of PPR. In the current study, we investigated the role of PPR phosphorylation in the PTH regulation of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. Short treatment with PTH (0–40 min) of LLCP-K1cells stably expressing a wild-type (WT) or a phosphorylation-deficient (PD) PPR (WT-PPR or PD-PPR cells, respectively) results in similar activation of ERK1/2. Interestingly, PTH stimulation of ERK1/2 in the WT-PPR cells then decreases as a result of longer PTH (60 min) treatment, and inhibition of ERK1/2 by PTH is observed at 90 min. Strikingly, the PD-PPR cells exhibit prolonged ERK1/2 activation up to 90 min of PTH treatment. An ERK1/2-dependent increase in c- fos expression is observed in the PD-PPR cells. Subsequently, c- fos expression in the WT-PPR and PD-PPR cells was markedly attenuated by a specific ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor. Further investigations revealed that PTH treatment causes a robust recruitment of a green fluorescent protein-tagged β-arrestin2 (β-arrestin2-GFP) in the WT-PPR cells. In contrast, β-arrestin2 recruitment was reduced in the PD-PPR cells. Importantly, expression of a receptor phosphorylation-independent β-arrestin2 (R169E) in the PD-PPR cells restored the biphasic effect of PTH on ERK1/2 as in the WT-PPR cells. The study reports a novel role for receptor phosphorylation and β-arrestin2 in the subsequent inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway and in control of gene expression.
Review: Experimental models for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Garman Katherine S. , Orlando Roy C. , Chen Xiaoxin
Published: March 2012

Several different cell culture systems and laboratory animal models have been used over the years to study Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Most of the existing models have key differences with the human esophagus and complex pathogenesis of disease. None of the models offers an ideal system for the complex study of environmental exposure, genetic risk, and prevention strategies. In fact, different model systems may be required to answer different specific research questions about the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. Given the high mortality associated with EAC and the fact that current screening strategies miss most cases of EAC, advances in basic and translational science related to esophageal injury, repair, and carcinogenesis are clearly needed. This review describes several of the existing and potential model systems for BE and EAC with their benefits and disadvantages.
The role of neuregulin/ErbB2/ErbB4 signaling in the heart with special focus on effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation
Authors: Wadugu Brian , Kühn Bernhard
Published: March 2012

The signaling complex consisting of the growth factor neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and its tyrosine kinase receptors ErbB2 and ErbB4 has a critical role in cardiac development and homeostasis of the structure and function of the adult heart. Recent research results suggest that targeting this signaling complex may provide a viable strategy for treating heart failure. Clinical trials are currently evaluating the effectiveness and safety of intravenous administration of recombinant NRG1 formulations in heart failure patients. Endogenous as well as administered NRG1 has multiple possible activities in the adult heart, but how these are related is unknown. It has recently been demonstrated that NRG1 administration can stimulate proliferation of cardiomyocytes, which may contribute to repair failing hearts. This review summarizes the current knowledge of how NRG1 and its receptors control cardiac physiology and biology, with special emphasis on its role in cardiomyocyte proliferation during myocardial growth and regeneration.
Total-body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass determination by creatine-(methyl-d3) dilution in rats
Authors: Stimpson Stephen A. , Turner Scott M. , Clifton Lisa G. , Poole James C. , Mohammed Hussein A. , Shearer Todd W. , Waitt Greg M. , Hagerty Laura L. , Remlinger Katja S. , Hellerstein Marc K. , Evans William J.
Published: March 2012

There is currently no direct, facile method to determine total-body skeletal muscle mass for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle wasting conditions such as sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse. We tested in rats the hypothesis that the enrichment of creatinine-( methyl-d3) (D3-creatinine) in urine after a defined oral tracer dose of D3-creatine can be used to determine creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass. We determined 1) an oral tracer dose of D3-creatine that was completely bioavailable with minimal urinary spillage and sufficient enrichment in the body creatine pool for detection of D3-creatine in muscle and D3-creatinine in urine, and 2) the time to isotopic steady state. We used cross-sectional studies to compare total creatine pool size determined by the D3-creatine dilution method to lean body mass determined by independent methods. The tracer dose of D3-creatine (<1 mg/rat) was >99% bioavailable with 0.2–1.2% urinary spillage. Isotopic steady state was achieved within 24–48 h. Creatine pool size calculated from urinary D3-creatinine enrichment at 72 h significantly increased with muscle accrual in rat growth, significantly decreased with dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, was correlated with lean body mass ( r = 0.9590; P < 0.0001), and corresponded to predicted total muscle mass. Total-body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass can thus be accurately and precisely determined by an orally delivered dose of D3-creatine followed by the measurement of D3-creatinine enrichment in a single urine sample and is promising as a noninvasive tool for the clinical determination of skeletal muscle mass.
The Microbiological Context of HIV Resistance: Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Inflammation at the Viral Point of Entry
Authors: Schellenberg John J. , Plummer Francis A.
Published: March 2012

Immune activation is increasingly recognized as a critical element of HIV infection and pathogenesis, causing expansion of virus founder populations at the mucosal port of entry and eventual exhaustion of cellular immune effectors. HIV susceptibility is well known to be influenced by concurrent sexually transmitted infections; however, the role of commensal vaginal microbiota is poorly characterized. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a risk factor for HIV acquisition in studies worldwide; however, the etiology of BV remains enigmatic, and the mechanisms by which BV increases HIV susceptibility are not fully defined. A model of how vaginal microbiota influences HIV transmission is considered in the context of a well-established cohort of HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) commercial sex workers (CSW) in Nairobi, Kenya, many of whom have increased levels of anti-inflammatory factors in vaginal secretions and reduced peripheral immune activation (immune quiescence). Elucidation of the relationship between complex microbial communities and inflammatory mucosal responses underlying HIV infection should be a priority for future prevention-focussed research.
Varicella Outbreak in an Indian Couple Living in Germany Caused by VZV Clade VI Acquired during a Trip to The Netherlands
Authors: Kolesnik Malgorzata , Bonnekoh Bernd , Tammer Ina , Gollnick Harald , Sauerbrei Andreas
Published: March 2012

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the cause of varicella and zoster, is divided into five major clades and four provisional clades, the latter of which have been rarely reported worldwide to date. We present a varicella outbreak by the provisional clade VI within an Indian couple in Germany returning from a trip to Amsterdam. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of varicella by the VZV clade VI described in Germany, but the disease was acquired in The Netherlands.
Phase I Study of Vincristine, Irinotecan, and 131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma: A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy Trial
Authors: DuBois Steven G. , Chesler Louis , Groshen Susan , Hawkins Randall , Goodarzian Fariba , Shimada Hiroyuki , Yanik Greg , Tagen Michael , Stewart Clinton , Mosse Yael P. , Maris John M. , Tsao-Wei Denice , Marachelian Araz , Villablanca Judith G. , Matthay Katherine K.
Published: March 2012

Purpose:131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a targeted radiopharmaceutical with activity in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Irinotecan is a known radiosensitizer with activity in neuroblastoma. This phase I study aimed to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of MIBG together with fixed doses of vincristine and irinotecan.

Experimental Design: Patients 1 to 30 years old with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma and MIBG-avid tumors were eligible. All patients had autologous hematopoietic stem cells (PBSC) available and met standard phase I organ function requirements. Irinotecan (20 mg/m2/dose IV) was given on days 0 to 4 and 7 to 11, with vincristine (1.5 mg/m2 IV) on days 0 and 7. MIBG was given on day 1 following a 3 + 3 phase I dose escalation design starting at 8 mCi/kg MIBG. PBSCs were administered at dose level 8 mCi/kg for prolonged myelosuppression and for all patients at 12 mCi/kg or more.

Results: Twenty-four patients evaluable for dose escalation (median age, 6.7 years; range, 1.9–26.8 years) received 1 (n = 17), 2 (n = 5), or 3 (n = 2) cycles of therapy. Myelosuppression and diarrhea were the most common toxicities. Two of 6 patients at the 18 mCi/kg dose level had dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), including one with protocol-defined DLT with prolonged mild aspartate aminotransferase elevation. Eighteen mCi/kg was the recommended phase 2 dose. Six additional patients were treated at 18 mCi/kg, with one additional DLT. Responses (2 complete and 4 partial responses) occurred in 6 of 24 (25%) evaluable patients.

Conclusions: MIBG is tolerable and active at 18 mCi/kg with standard doses of vincristine and irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res; 18(9); 2679–86. ©2012 AACR.
Drug Interactions: The Importance of Looking Inside Cancer Cells
Authors: Clark Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2012

nab-Paclitaxel increased intratumoral gemcitabine levels by reactive oxygen species–mediated degradation of cytidine deaminase, the rate-limiting enzyme in gemcitabine inactivation. This not only has implications for how this drug combination mediates anticancer effects but also demonstrates the importance of evaluating mechanisms of drug activity within malignant cells. Cancer Discovery; 2(3); 208–10. ©2012 AACR.

Commentary on Frese et al., p. 260.
Cyanidin-3-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside Concentrated Materials from Mulberry Fruit Have a Potency to Protect Erectile Function by Minimizing Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Ha U-Syn , Koh Joon-Sung , Kim Hyo-Sin , Woo Jang-Chun , Kim Su-Jin , Jang Hoon , Yoon Byung-Il , Hwang Seong-Yeon , Kim Sae-Woong
Published: March 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (C3G) concentrated materials from mulberry fruit on improvement and protection of erectile function. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old) were divided into three groups (n = 12 in each): normal control, diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM with C3G concentrated material treatment (DM + C3G). DM and DM + C3G group rats received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg), and 4 weeks after induction of diabetes, the DM + C3G group rats were treated with daily concentrated material treatment (10 mg/kg) dissolved in water for 8 weeks. After 12 weeks of streptozotocin injections, the rats in each group underwent intracavernosal pressure measurement and then the corporal tissues were sampled. Results: The DM group rats showed markedly lower erectile parameters than those in the control group, whereas rats in the DM + C3G group showed improved erectile function by minimizing corporal apoptosis and increasing the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and neuronal NOS protein. A significant increase in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was shown in the DM group compared with the normal group. However, in the DM + C3G group, 8-OHdG was statistically significantly reduced compared with the DM group. Conclusions: The current study is the first to suggest that C3G concentrated materials may have a potency to improve and protect erectile function under conditions of diabetes-induced oxidative stress.
Short-Term Outcome after Cystectomy: Comparison of Two Different Perioperative Protocols
Authors: de Vries R.R. , Kauer P. , van Tinteren H. , van der Poel H.G. , Bex A. , Meinhardt W. , van Haarst E.P. , Horenblas S.
Published: March 2012

Aim: To compare the outcome of two perioperative protocols with respect to postoperative management of cystectomy patients. Patients and Methods: Between June 2007 and November 2008, 85 consecutive patients with bladder cancer were treated with cystectomy and urinary diversion. Patients were operated in two hospitals by four urologic surgeons. In protocol A, patients were enterally fed via a postpyloric tube while the nasogastric tube (NGT) was removed directly after cystectomy and selective decontamination of the digestive tract was given until normal oral intake. In protocol B, postcystectomy management consisted of total parenteral nutrition by a central venous line and NGT removal after 24 h. Hospital stay and complications were compared between the two hospitals. Results: More than half of all patients (52%) developed one or more complications within 30 days after surgery, 37% in protocol A and 71% in protocol B (p = 0.002). Higher ASA score and protocol type were the only factors significantly associated with early complications in both uni- and multivariate analyses. Length of stay was significantly shorter with protocol A as compared to protocol B, 13 days versus 19 days (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Cystectomy and urinary diversion is a procedure with considerable risk of complications. Enteral nutrition might be advantageous as compared to parenteral nutrition, showing fewer complications and shorter hospital stay. A high ASA score is associated with more early complications. Selective bowel decontamination may have an additional role in preventing infectious complications after cystectomy.
Lack of Association of White Matter Lesions with Ipsilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Potter Gillian M. , Doubal Fergus N. , Jackson Caroline A. , Sudlow Cathie L.M. , Dennis Martin S. , Wardlaw Joanna M.
Published: March 2012

Background: White matter lesions (WML) are commonly seen on brain MRI and are generally considered a marker of tissue damage from cerebral small vessel disease. WML are associated with increasing age and vascular risk factors, but their precise cause is unknown. A role for carotid artery atherothromboemboli has been suggested. If this is the case, more WML would be expected ipsilateral to increasing degrees of carotid stenosis. Methods: We recruited patients with ischaemic stroke from two large, separate prospective stroke studies, assessed with brain MRI and carotid Doppler ultrasound. We scored hemispheric WML visually in periventricular and deep locations. We assessed the association between carotid stenosis asymmetry and WML asymmetry, and vice versa. Further, we assessed the association between carotid stenosis and ipsilateral WML, before and after adjusting for vascular risk factors, and tested associations between ipsilateral and contralateral stenoses and WML. Results: We recruited 247 (Study 1) and 253 (Study 2) patients. In Study 1 and Study 2, 36 (15%) and 29 (11%) patients had ≥50% carotid stenosis, and 27 (11%) and 15 (6%) had ≥70% stenosis, respectively. Carotid stenosis was asymmetric in 28 (11%) and 26 (10%) patients and WML were asymmetric in 22 (9%) and 11 (4%) patients in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. We found no association between carotid stenosis and ipsilateral WML score, before or after adjusting for vascular risk factors or sidedness, but WML were strongly associated with increasing age (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In two large cohorts of ischaemic stroke patients, we found no association between carotid stenosis and ipsi- or contralateral WML. There is now substantial evidence that atherothromboemboli are unlikely to cause most WML or other forms of cerebral small vessel lesions. Future studies should focus on determining what causes the intrinsic small vessel pathological changes that appear to underlie most WML.
PDGF-Induced Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Inhibited by Heme Oxygenase-1 Via VEGFR2 Upregulation and Subsequent Assembly of Inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRβ Heterodimers
Authors: Cheng Caroline , Haasdijk Remco A. , Tempel Dennie , den Dekker Wijnand K. , Chrifi Ihsan , Blonden Lau A.J. , van de Kamp Esther H.M. , de Boer M. , Bürgisser Petra E. , Noorderloos Annemarie , Rens Joost A.P. , ten Hagen Timo L.M. , Duckers Henricus J.
Published: March 2012

Objective—

In cardiovascular regulation, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. However, the effect of HO-1 on VSMC migration remains unclear. We aim to elucidate the mechanism by which HO-1 regulates PDGFBB-induced VSMC migration.

Methods and Results—

Transduction of HO-1 cDNA adenoviral vector severely impeded human VSMC migration in a scratch, transmembrane, and directional migration assay in response to PDGFBB stimulation. Similarly, HO-1 overexpression in the remodeling process during murine retinal vasculature development attenuated VSMC coverage over the major arterial branches as compared with sham vector-transduced eyes. HO-1 expression in VSMCs significantly upregulated VEGFA and VEGFR2 expression, which subsequently promoted the formation of inactive PDGFRβ/VEGFR2 complexes. This compromised PDGFRβ phosphorylation and impeded the downstream cascade of FAK-p38 signaling. siRNA-mediated silencing of VEGFA or VEGFR2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of HO-1 on VSMC migration.

Conclusion—

These findings identify a potent antimigratory function of HO-1 in VSMCs, a mechanism that involves VEGFA and VEGFR2 upregulation, followed by assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRβ complexes that attenuates effective PDGFRβ signaling.
Localization of Islet-1–Positive Cells in the Healthy and Infarcted Adult Murine Heart
Authors: Weinberger Florian , Mehrkens Dennis , Friedrich Felix W. , Stubbendorff Mandy , Hua Xiaoqin , Müller Jana Christina , Schrepfer Sonja , Evans Sylvia M. , Carrier Lucie , Eschenhagen Thomas
Published: March 2012

Rationale:

The transcription factor Islet-1 is a marker of cardiovascular progenitors during embryogenesis. The isolation of Islet-1–positive (Islet-1
+
) cells from early postnatal hearts suggested that Islet-1 also marks cardiac progenitors in adult life.

Objective:

We investigated the distribution and identity of Islet-1
+
cells in adult murine heart and evaluated whether their number or distribution change with age or after myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results:

Distribution of Islet-1
+
cells in adult heart was investigated using gene targeted mice with nuclear β-galactosidase inserted into the Islet-1 locus. nLacZ-positive cells were only present in 3 regions of the adult heart: clusters in the interatrial septum and around the pulmonary veins, scattered within the wall of the great vessels, and a strictly delimited cluster between the right atrium and superior vena cava. Islet-1
+
cells in the first type of clusters coexpressed markers for parasympathetic neurons. Positive cells in the great arteries coexpressed smooth muscle actin and myosin heavy chain, indicating a smooth muscle cell identity. Very few Islet-1
+
cells within the outflow tract expressed the cardiomyocyte marker α-actinin. Islet-1
+
cells in the right atrium coexpressed the sinoatrial node pacemaker cell marker HCN4. Cell number and localization remained unchanged between 1 to 18 months of age. Consistently Islet-1 mRNA was detected in human sinoatrial node. Islet-1
+
cells could not be detected in the infarct zone 2 to 28 days after myocardial infarction, aside from 10 questionable cells in 1/13 hearts.

Conclusions:

Our results identify Islet-1 as a novel marker of the adult sinoatrial node and do not provide evidence for Islet-1
+
cells to serve as cardiac progenitors.
Finite-State Chart Constraints for Reduced Complexity Context-Free Parsing Pipelines
Authors: Roark Brian , Hollingshead Kristy , Bodenstab Nathan
Published: March 2012

We present methods for reducing the worst-case and typical-case complexity of a context-free parsing pipeline via hard constraints derived from finite-state pre-processing. We perform O(n) predictions to determine if each word in the input sentence may begin or end a multi-word constituent in chart cells spanning two or more words, or allow single-word constituents in chart cells spanning the word itself. These pre-processing constraints prune the search space for any chart-based parsing algorithm and significantly decrease decoding time. In many cases cell population is reduced to zero, which we term chart cell “closing.” We present methods for closing a sufficient number of chart cells to ensure provably quadratic or even linear worst-case complexity of context-free inference. In addition, we apply high precision constraints to achieve large typical-case speedups and combine both high precision and worst-case bound constraints to achieve superior performance on both short and long strings. These bounds on processing are achieved without reducing the parsing accuracy, and in some cases accuracy improves. We demonstrate that our method generalizes across multiple grammars and is complementary to other pruning techniques by presenting empirical results for both exact and approximate inference using the exhaustive CKY algorithm, the Charniak parser, and the Berkeley parser. We also report results parsing Chinese, where we achieve the best reported results for an individual model on the commonly reported data set.
On the Earliest Attestable Forms of the Pravargya Ritual:Rg-Vedic references to the Gharma-Pravargya, Especially in the Atri-family Book (Book 5)
Authors: Houben
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Christoph Cüppers and Per K. Sørensen (ed.), A Collection of Tibetan Proverbs and Sayings. Gems of Tibetan Wisdom and Wit
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Jan Willem de Jong
Authors: Kuiper
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Editorial
Authors: Bodewitz
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Andrew O. Fort, Jīvanmukti in Transformation:Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta
Authors: Comans
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Takahashi, Takanobu, Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
Authors: Hart
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Brief Communication
Authors: Garzilli
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance
Authors: Oberlies
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Yoshimizu Kiyotaka, Der `Organismus' des urheberlosen Veda: eine Studie der Niyoga-Lehre Prabhākaras mit ausgewählten Übersetzungen der Brhatī
Authors: McCrea
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Klaus G. Witz, The Supreme Wisdom of the Upanisads: An Introduction
Authors: Bouy
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Hiltebeitel, Alf, Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadī among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits
Authors: Sax
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Saindon, Marcelle, Le Pitrikalpa du Harivamsha. Traduction, Analyse, Interprétation
Authors: Brinkhaus H.
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
A Question of Legitimacy: The Case of Ardašir I (Dénkard IV)
Authors: Adhami S.
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Schneider Ulrich, Opera Minora herausgegeben von
Authors: Hinüber O.v.
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
The story of Dharmaruci In the Divyāvadāna and Kemendra's Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā
Authors: Silk Jonathan A.
Published: March 2012

Of the myriad tales found in Indian Buddhist literature, the story of Dharmaruci is, from many points of view, among the more interesting, engaging as it does iconic themes of incest and patricide. A great deal may be said about this story, particularly in comparison with the tale of Mahādeva, the schismatic monk blamed by some for the initial rupture in the Buddhist monastic community roughly a century after the death of the Buddha. Any detailed study of this story, as of any such story, however, naturally requires the best possible textual sources. The present contribution, therefore, is dedicated in the first place to an effort to establish the textual basis for the Dharmaruci story in Indian sources in Sanskrit, as found in the Divyāvadāna collection, and upon that basis in Kemendra's Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā.
Pāinian accounts of the Vedic subjunctive: le Krvaíte
Authors: Scharf Peter M.
Published: March 2012

To determine which Vedic texts Pāini knew requires a comprehensive approach that establishes a high correlation between the complete set of linguistic traits his treatise describes and the complete set of linguistic traits exhibited in each text in question. The examination of individual linguistic traits is inadequate to determine which texts he knew because neither the Vedic nor the grammatical tradition is uniform and static. Bronkhorst (Pāinian Studies: Professor S. D. Joshi Felicitation Volume, p. 75, 1991) calls into question the assumption that Vedic texts were known to Pāini in the form we have received them, while Cardona (Pāinian Studies: Professor S. D. Joshi Felicitation Volume, p. 130, 1991) shows that Pāini's silence concerning certain Vedic forms may be due to deference to certain received exegetical traditions. The current paper considers a case where the Pāinian grammatical tradition entertains disagreement over the derivation of obscure forms. Doubt concerning the recurrence of the term pit (3.4.92) into 3.4.94 brings into question whether Pāini systematically accounts for stem strengthening in the present subjunctive. Kātyāyana, Patañjali, Jayāditya, and Jinendrabuddhi remain silent on the point. Rāmacandra, Śīkria, and Bhaojidīkita assert that pit recurs, thereby allowing stem strengthening. Haradatta, on the other hand, maintains that a rule of indeterminate variation, 3.4.117 chandasy ubhayathā, accounts for it. Nāgeśa points out that the latter procedure is more comprehensive in that it accounts for the lack of stem strengthening in exceptional forms, such as Krvaíte in the Rgveda. The implication is that the former procedure fails to account for the form, which, if Pāini's knowledge of texts were to be established based upon the consideration of individual traits, would imply the absurdity that Pāini, as interpreted by Rāmacandra et al. did not know the Rgveda. On the contrary, however, the procedure of Rāmacandra et al. can employ another rule of indeterminate variation: 3.1.85 vyatyayo bahulam. This procedure, which provides a systematic explanation of the present subjunctive generally and requires a rule of indeterminate variation only to account for exceptional forms, is preferable to leaving the account of stem strengthening in the present subjunctive generally to a rule of indeterminate variatio Since both procedures rely on rules of indeterminate variation to account for the Rgvedic form, however, it is impossible to establish either Pāini's knowledge or ignorance of the text on the basis of his account of the subjunctive. The controversy demonstrates that the depth and variety of the Indian grammatical tradition must be taken into account in determining which rules describe which linguistic facts and that it is inadequate to consider individual traits. A comprehensive approach is required.
REMARKS ON THE NEW EDITION OF THE PAIP PALĀDA-SAHITĀ
Authors: Hoffmann Karl
Published: March 2012

The Paippalāda version of the Atharvaveda existed hitherto, as is generally known, only in a single manuscript originating from Kashmir. It was rendered accessible in an excellent reproduction. Unfortunately the text of this manuscript which is written in Śārada script, is corrupt, in many cases beyond recognition. LeRoy Carr Barret, between the years 1906 and 1940, did the tedious work oftranscribing the Kashmirian manuscript book by book, and added to it his attempts at reconstructing the original wording. It is not Barret's fault that for the most part his efforts and sagacity were doomed to failure, and that rarely convincing results were reached. Nevertheless all scholars who have so far concerned themselves with the Paippalāda version cannot but fully acknowledge and feel grateful for the enormous amount of useful work done by Barret. His edition is distributed in several volumes of the Journal of the American Oriental Society and two independent publications. Thus Raghu Vira's Devanāgarī reproduction of Barret's text, which added some improvements and a specification of parallel passages was very welcome. Yet, inspite of what was achieved by Barret and Raghu Vira, everyone who has dealt with the Paippalāda version from a philological or linguistic point of view has, again and again, been driven to despair. There were only rare cases in which the details inferred from the text could be relied on.
Studien zum śrautaritual II 6. Nigada
Authors: Einoo Shingo
Published: March 2012

This article tries to interpret the word Nigada in a new way. So far Nigada has, on the basis of medieval commentaries, been identified with praia or sampraia, or it has been understood as a term which includes both concepts. As Vedic ritual literature hardly provides an explanation of this word, examples of the use of Nigada have been collected and analysed here. This lead to the conclusion that Nigada is a prose mantra which can be distinguished from sampraia, praia, and nivid. At various occasions during a sacrifice, and because of various reasons, a Nigada is spoken (mostly) by the hot, as an injunction directed to the priests as well as to the deities.
Christian Lindtner, Hīnayāna. Den tidlige indiske buddhisme; Mahāyāna. Den senere indiske buddhisme
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Mark Allon, Style and function. A study of the dominant stylistic features of the prose portions of Pāli canonical sutta texts and their mnemonic function
Authors: Caillat
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
David Seyfort Ruegg, Ordre spirituel et ordre temporel dans la pensée bouddhique de l'Inde et du Tibet
Authors: Pāsādika
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Mauro Maggi, Pelliot chinois 2928. A Khotanese Love Story
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Lars Martin Fosse, The crux of chronology in Sanskrit literature: Statistics and Indology. A study of method
Authors: Jamison
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Gurudharma und astau gurudharmāh
Authors: Chung
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Peter Skilling, Mahāsūtras: Great Discourses of the Buddha
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Eli Franco, series editor, Mémorial Sylvain Lévi
Authors: Mayrhofer
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
William K. Mahony The Artful Universe. An Introduction to the Vedic Religious Imagination
Authors: Mylius
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Klaus Karttunen, India and the Hellenistic World
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Crustacea Decapoda in the Sardinian Channel: A Checklist
Authors: Mura Marco , Corda Sarah
Published: March 2012

This study presents a checklist of the Crustacea Decapoda that occur in the Sardinian Channel, based both on previously published records and on original data. These latter data were obtained from samples collected during different trawl surveys in the Gulf of Cagliari carried out between 1997 and 2002. The area studied comprised six sectors in all, situated between 39°13′00″N and 36°42′00″N, and 6°28′00″E to 11°02′00″E; each sector is characterized by different morphological and hydrological conditions. The species examined number 207, belonging to 55 families and 115 genera. The most abundant families in terms of numbers of genera and species were Portunidae, Inachidae, Palaemonidae, and Paguridae. Most of the species are Atlantic-Mediterranean, with only some of them assumed to be exclusively occurring in the Mediterranean, thus confirming that no Lessepsian species have been recorded in the study area until now.
Karyotypes and Sex Ratios in Populations of Eubranchipus Grubii (Dybowski, 1860) and Branchipus Schaefferi Fischer, 1834 (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from Poland
Authors: Kořínková T. , Gołdyn B.
Published: March 2012

Two populations of the fairy shrimp Eubranchipus grubii (Dybowski, 1860) and one population of Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834 from Poland were studied cytogenetically. The aim was to confirm their diploid chromosome numbers and chromosome morphology, as well as to reveal the distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and the course of meiosis. The first species exhibited 24 small chromosomes in both sexes, while the latter showed 2n = 20 in both males and females. In E. grubii, female meiosis involved a “diffuse stage” characterized by decondensation of chromatin, and positive heteropycnosis (after staining by Giemsa) of one bivalent. The morphology of the plates of the second meiotic division suggests the chromosomes in both species are monocentric (prevailingly bi-armed). Nevertheless, constitutive heterochromatin has not been visualized by C-banding. Silver staining revealed 3 pairs of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in B. schaefferi, while in E. grubii the detection of NORs failed. In contrast to some previous studies reporting supernumerary chromosomes (B chromosomes) as sex ratio distorters in B. schaefferi, we failed to observe any B chromosomes in the populations under study. We suggest the fluctuation of sex ratios as found in the local populations, would rather be influenced by the environment.
The Contributions of Patrick Colquhoun to Social Theory and Social Philosophy
Authors: Pieris Ralph
Published: March 2012

Biographical details of Colquhoun's early life are remarkably scanty. Little is known of his childhood and adolescence. His only formal education was at the local grammar school, where he would have learnt Latin. At the age of sixteen, Colquhoun immigrated to America. During the five years he spent in Virginia, Colquhoun developed an interest in law, political economy, and the social sciences from his legal acquaintances there. In the year of the French Revolution, Colquhoun abandoned the pursuit of commerce and devoted himself to philanthropic and intellectual interests. Colquhoun was far in advance of his time as he argued for the compatibility of social regulation with liberty.
Will Japan Become a Global Power?
Authors: Brown Richard
Published: March 2012

Many have argued that Japan will soon emerge as one of the world's greatest powers. During the nineteenth century, Japan had pressed for pre-eminence in Asia and beyond. Does this earlier military expansion and more recent economic dynamism indicate Japan's desire and capacity to play the role of a great power? Japan's regional economic and diplomatic activity, her prominence in such international bodies as the IMF and the World Bank, her status as a leading creditor and technological innovator, all suggest that she does. Just as Britain and the United States created and dominated international systems when they were leading creditors, perhaps Japan in its turn will become a global power.
The Interpretation of μαλιστα In 1 Timothy 5:17
Authors: Kim Hong Bom
Published: March 2012

The word μαλιστα in 1 Tim. 5:17 is traditionally translated into "especially", while contemporary scholars tend to translate it into "in other words". This new translation is based upon Skeat's hypothesis. However, his arguments are not convincing. If we apply the hypothesis to the verse, it is difficult to answer why the author gives directions about the πρεσβυτεροι who rule well without mentioning the πρεσβυτεροι who rule. Ruling is one thing and teaching is another. Skeat himself does not think μαλιστα is used with the meaning here. No support can be found for him in BAGD or LSJ.
Incense Revisited: Reviewing the Evidence for Incense as a Clue to the Christian Provenance of The Greek Life of Adam and Eve
Authors: Smit Peter-Ben
Published: March 2012

In her well-documented article "The Aromatic Fragrances of Paradise in the Greek Life of Adam and Eve and the Christian Origin of the Composition," NovT 46 (2004) 20-45, Rivka Nir offered a fresh interpretation of references to incense and other aromatic substances in the Greek Life of Adam and Eve arguing that these are clearly indicative of its Christian origins. The present contribution reviews Nir's evidence for her conclusions, and argues in the opposite direction, suggesting that this evidence is not always as relevant as Nir assumes and can therefore not be the basis for the kind of conclusions Nir draws.
Mononchid nematodes from oak forests in Bulgaria. 1. The subfamily Anatonchinae Jairajpuri, 1969 with descriptions of Anatonchus genovi sp. n. and Tigronchoides quercus sp. n.
Authors: Peneva Vlada , Neilson Roy , Nedelchev Sevdan
Published: March 2012

Two new and three known species of the family Anatonchidae associated with Quercus spp. in Bulgaria are described and illustrated. Anatonchus genovi n. sp. can be distinguished by the medium size of body (L = 2.5-3.2 mm) and buccal capsule (65- 70 47-59 mum), posterior dorsal tooth, tail short (170-251 mum; c = 13-17; c = 3.1-4.4), elongate conical, narrowly rounded, and cuticle very finely striated at tail tip. Tigronchoides quercus n. sp. is distinguished by females: body 2.5-2.9 mm long, buccal capsule measuring 51-58 43-48 mum, tail 198-267 mum long; males: body 2.1-2.6 mm long, buccal capsule measuring 42-48 29-38 mum, tail 161-204 mum long, ventrally curved, gradually tapering to a long almost cylindrical part with rounded tip; buccal capsule clearly transversely striated and cuticle on tail finely annulated in both sexes. Tigronchoides quercus sp. n. most closely resembles T. istvani and T. ginglymodontus. Morphological data for T. ginglymodontus, Anatonchus tridentatus and A. hortensis are presented. Comments on tooth development for Anatonchinae species with known juvenile stages are provided. Nematodes Mononchides provenant d'une foret de chenes de Bulgarie. 1. La sous-famille des Anatonchinae Jairajpuri, 1969, avec description d'Anatonchus genovi sp. n. et de Tigronchoides quercus sp. n. - Trois especes deja connues et deux nouvelles appartenant a la famille des Anatonchidae et associees a Quercus spp. en Bulgarie sont decrites et illustrees. Anatonchus genovi n. sp. se distingue par la taille moyenne du corps (L = 2,5-3,2 mm) et de la capsule buccale (65-70 47-59 mum), la dent dorsale posterieure, la queue courte (170-251 mum; c = 13-17; c = 3,1-4,4) allongee-conique, etroitement arrondie a l'extremite dont la cuticule est finement striee. Tigronchoides quercus n. sp. se distingue par i) les femelles longues de 2,5-2,9 mm, la capsule buccale mesurant 51-59 43-48 mum, la queue longue de 198-267 mum; ii) les males longs de 2,1-2,6 mm, ayant une capsule buccale mesurant 42-48 29-38 mum, une queue longue de 161-204 mum, courbee ventralement, s'amincissant graduellement jusqu'a une longue partie subcylindrique a extremite arrondie; iii) chez les deux sexes, la capsule buccale finement striee transversalement et la cuticule caudale portant de fines stries. Tigronchoides quercus sp. n. ressemble etroitement a T. istvani et T. ginglymodontus. Des donnees sont fournies sur la morphologie de T. ginglymodontus, Anatonchus tridentatus et A. hortensis. Le developpement de la dent chez les especes d'Anatonchinae dont les stades juveniles sont connus est egalement commente.
After Adorno: Art, Autonomy, and Critique
Authors: Roberts John
Published: March 2012

In conversation with two artist friends recently, both declared that Adorno was a far more serious and productive guide to their practices than any other philosopher or aesthetician. Given their work and histories as artists – one had lived through the period of conceptual art and had been won over briefly to its arguments, the other had emerged out of its ruins — this was a surprise. Like many artists in the late 1970s and early 1980s, both had fallen under the sway of Walter Benjamin, and were convinced, in their respective ways, that the dissolution of the category of Art into the forms of modern technology and everyday life was a good thing. Indeed, both artists were proselytisers for photography and its powers of social reference and communality. Discussions of art's autonomy were not on their checklist of priorities. In fact, if autonomy was discussed or thought of at all, it was denounced as a bourgeois category. Autonomy was what Clement Greenberg and modernist painters believed in, and the bane of all materialist art criticism. It was not what serious post-conceptualist artists, armed with the ‘critique of representation’ and theories of the social production of art, should be worrying about.
The Amarna Royal Women As Images Of Fertility: Perspectives on a Royal Cult
Authors: Stevens Anna
Published: March 2012

This paper is ostensibly an investigation of whether royal women of the Amarna period in Egypt were perceived as figures who could be supplicated for divine assistance in matters of personal fertility. Concurrently, it forms an exercise in approaching the blurred horizon between state and private religion in an Amarna period context. It offers the inclusion of female royalty in private fertility cults as an illustration of the flexibility inherent in the Amarna royal cult, a result of its transposition onto, and interaction with, the private religious landscape of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
The German Peasants' War and the "Crisis of Feudalism." Reflections On a Neglected Theme
Authors: Scott Tom
Published: March 2012

The view that the Peasants' War stemmed from a "crisis of feudalism" has been principally advanced by Peter Blickle. His dominant interpretation of the War fuses the late medieval economic crisis and the struggle for territorial consolidation by means of a revived serfdom into a general crisis of feudalism. But this argument underplays the profound changes already underway in the social and economic structure of the main areas of revolt—the commercialization of agrarian production, the spread of rural crafts, the fragmentation of holdings, the penetration of urban capital through the putting-out system, and the mortgaging of lordships. The consequence was a triangular pattern of conflict, in which landlords and landless laborers, for instance, might combine against possessing peasants, or where rural craftsmen might be encouraged to undercut the urban guilds. The character of the War, therefore, was more a conflict over the appropriation of resources and the seizure of new economic opportunities than it was a "crisis of feudalism," a term which European comparison reveals to be highly problematic.
The Early Modern Muddle
Authors: Starn Randolph
Published: March 2012

This article traces the career of "Early Modernity" as a covering term for a post-medieval, pre-modern historical period and a deliberate challenge to the historiographical conventions of "ages" (Renaissance, Reformation, etc.), centuries, or national histories. The author argues that the widespread but uncritical acceptance of this usage has obscured its limitations and equivocations and discusses possible alternatives.