bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: The Impact of Decompressive Craniectomy on the Prognosis of Pediatric Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Chen Ruonan , Dang Hongxing , Fu Yueqiang , Li Jing , Liu Chengjun , Xu Feng
Published: July 2023

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability and mortality in children. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a treatment strategy to manage refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with TBI. However, the efficacy of DC in children with moderate-to-severe TBI remains unclear.Objective This paired case–control study analyzes the characteristics of moderate-to-severe TBI in children treated with DC and explores the clinical effect of DC compared with non-DC treatment.Methods Retrospective matched case–control analysis was conducted on 47 children with moderate-to-severe TBI who underwent DC. Each child who underwent DC was matched with one child who did not undergo DC according to age, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), pupil response, and cranial CT findings on admission to make the primary condition of injury as comparable as possible. Mortality, Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) at discharge, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in ICU, and length of stay in the hospital were compared between the two groups.Results The DC and non-DC groups did not show a statistically significant difference in mortality (p = 0.199). However, the DC group exhibited a superior PCPC score upon discharge (p = 0.014) compared to the non-DC group. No statistically significant differences were found in the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 3 months (p = 0.189), duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.819), length of ICU stay (p = 0.206), or length of hospital stay (p = 0.935) between the two groups.Conclusion Pediatric patients who receive DC demonstrate an improved Pediatric PCPC score at discharge compared to those treated without DC. However, there is no statistically significant difference in mortality between the two groups.
A versatile, phase coherent data acquisition system based on software-defined radio for graphene nanomechanics
Authors: Moser Joel , Zhang Ce , Zhang YuBin , Yang Chen , Lu Heng , Chen FengNan , Yan Ying
Published: July 2023

Software-defined radios (SDRs) are radio frequency transceivers in which an important part of signal processing is performed digitally using vast libraries of open-source software. Here, we assemble a simple data acquisition system whose architecture, based on SDR, allows us to design a comprehensive suite of tools to study the vibrations of a few-layer graphene nanomechanical resonator. Namely, we measure the cross-spectrum of vibrations in frequency domain, we measure their energy decay rate in time domain, we perform vector measurements of their in-phase and quadrature components, and we control their phase using a time-dependent strain field --all with a single measurement platform. Finally, we drive vibrations with a modulated signal output by a SDR transmitter and demodulate the response with a SDR receiver in the form of a video. Our approach allows us to tailor our experiments at will and gives us control over every stage of data processing. Overall, our versatile system enables measuring a wide range of nanomechanical properties of graphene by customizing the signal acquisition and replacing some analog electrical circuits, such as filters, mixers, modulators and demodulators, by blocks of code.
Reconciling ice core CO2 and land-use change following New World-Old World contact
Authors: King Amy , Bauska Thomas , Brook Edward , Kalk Michael , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Wolff Eric , Strawson Ivo , Rhodes Rachael
Published: July 2023

Ice core records of carbon dioxide (CO2) throughout the last 2000 years provide context for the unprecedented anthropogenic rise in atmospheric CO2 and insights into global carbon cycle dynamics on centennial and multidecadal timescales. Yet the atmospheric history of CO2 remains uncertain in some time intervals. A particular source of debate is the exact timing and magnitude of the decrease in atmospheric CO2 after 1550 CE. Here we present new ice core measurements of CO2 and methane (CH4) in the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core from 1450 to 1700 CE. The measurements, alongside analysis of the effects of gas record smoothing, suggest that a sudden decrease in ice core CO2 around 1610 CE in one widely used record is most likely an artefact of a small number of anomalously low values. Instead, our analysis suggests a more gradual decrease in CO2 of 0.5 ppm per decade between 1516 and 1670 CE, with an inferred land carbon sink of 2.7 PgC per decade. Furthermore, a rapid decrease in CO2 at 1610 CE is incompatible with even the most extreme modelled scenarios for land-use change, whereas our data support scenarios of large-scale reorganization of land use in the Americas following New World-Old World contact.
CNF Encodings of Symmetric Functions
Authors: Emdin Gregory , Kulikov Alexander , Mihajlin Ivan , Slezkin Nikita
Published: July 2023

Many Boolean functions that need to~be encoded as~CNF in~practice, have only exponential size CNF representations. To~avoid this effect, one usually introduces nondeterministic variables. For example, whereas the minimum number of~clauses in a~CNF computing the parity function $x_1\oplus x_2 \oplus \dotsb \oplus x_n$ is~$2^{n-1}$, one can use $n-1$ nondeterministic variables to~get a~CNF encoding with $4n$~clauses. In~this paper, we prove tradeoffs between various parameters (the number of~clauses, the width of~clauses, and the number of~nondeterministic variables) of~CNF encodings of~various symmetric functions. In~particular, we~show that a~folklore way of~encoding parity as~CNF is~provably optimal. We~do this by~using a~tight connection between CNF encodings and depth-3 circuits. This connection shows that CNF encodings is an~interesting computational model for Boolean functions: on~the one hand, it~is routinely used in~practice when translating a~practical computational problem to~a~format acceptable by a~SAT solver, on~the other hand, lower bounds on~the size of~CNF encodings imply depth-3 circuit lower bounds.
CSF α-synuclein seed amplification kinetic profiles are associated with cognitive decline in PD
Authors: Brockmann Kathrin , Lerche Stefanie , Baiardi Simone , Rossi Marcello , Wurster Isabel , Quadalti Corinne , Roeben Benjamin , Mammana Angela , Zimmermann Milan , Hauser Ann-Kathrin , Deuschle Christian , Schulte Claudia , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Gasser Thomas , Parchi Piero
Published: July 2023

Seed amplification assays have been implemented in Parkinson’s disease to reveal disease-specific misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates in biospecimens. While the assays’ qualitative dichotomous seeding response is valuable to stratify and enrich cohorts for alpha-synuclein pathology in general, more quantitative parameters that are associated with clinical dynamics of disease progression and that might potentially serve as exploratory outcome measures in clinical trials targeting alpha-synuclein would add important information. To evaluated whether the seeding kinetic parameters time required to reach the seeding threshold (LAG phase), the peak of fluorescence response (Imax), and area under the curve (AUC) are associated with clinical trajectories, we analyzed LAG, Imax, and AUC in relation to the development of cognitive decline in a longitudinal cohort of 199 people with Parkinson’s disease with positive CSF alpha-synuclein seeding status. Patients were stratified into tertiles based on their individual CSF alpha-synuclein seeding kinetic properties. The effect of the kinetic parameters on longitudinal development of cognitive impairment was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox-Regression. Patients with a higher number of positive seeding replicated and tertile groups of shorter LAG, higher Imax, and higher AUC showed a higher prevalence of and a shorter duration until cognitive impairment longitudinally. Prevalence of patients carrying a GBA mutation was higher in the tertile groups of short LAG phase and high AUC. We conclude that a more prominent alpha-synuclein seeding kinetic profile translates into a more rapid development of cognitive decline.
Association of Antibiotic Exposure with Residual Cancer Burden and Pathologic Complete Response in Patients with HER2-negative stage II or III breast cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab in the ISPY-2 Trial
Authors: Kulkarni Amit , Jain Aditya , Jewett Patricia , Desai Nidhi , Veer Laura Van 'T , Hirst Gillian , Yee Douglas , Blaes Anne
Published: July 2023

Antibiotic exposure during immunotherapy (IO) has been shown to negatively affect clinical outcomes in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether antibiotic exposure during neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in the pembrolizumab-4 arm of I-SPY2 clinical trial patients impacted residual cancer burden (RCB) and pathologic complete response (pCR). We show that concurrent antibiotic exposure during neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in HER2-negative early-stage BC is associated with higher RCB and lower pCR rates.
Enhanced and Tuneable Ferromagnetism in CVD-Synthesized Metasurface Carbon Films
Authors: Chaiyachad Sujinda , Kaeokhamchan Yattiphong , Moontang Areeya , Chuewangkam Nattapong , Pinitsoontorn Supree , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Meevasana Worawat
Published: July 2023

Here, metasurface magnetic carbon films synthesized via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) by using adamantane as a precursor and electron beam lithography (EBL) exhibited tuneable magnetic properties. The magnetic properties of carbon films were previously reported to occur from dangling bonds[1]. In this study, we observed a significant increase in saturation magnetization compared to the baseline film by controlling the array size of the metasurface film. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements confirmed the increasing saturation magnetization of the metasurface film. Magnetization originated from surface dangling bonds; smaller film sizes resulted in higher magnetization due to increased surface area. Furthermore, the saturation magnetization of the CVD carbon film could be tuned by controlling the humidity, and its prediction could be achieved through the utilization of the Raman technique. These findings highlight the potential of metasurface magnetic carbon films for developing tuneable magnetic microscale devices in areas, such as data storage, spintronics, and sensing.
Mycofiltration of aqueous iron (III) and imidacloprid solutions, and the effects of the filtrates on selected biomarkers of the freshwater snail Helisoma duryi
Authors: Mnkandla Sanele Michelle , Mosoabisane Mafereka , Basopo Norah , Otomo Patricks
Published: July 2023

A mycofilter made of Pleurotus ostreatus was used for the removal of iron (III) and imidacloprid from aqueous solutions. Batch mycofiltration, at a dosage of 1g of mycofilter per 50 ml, was performed on iron (III) solutions of different concentrations (0.99, 10.7, 22.9, and 27.72 mg/L) and pH (3.3, 7 and 11). For column mycofiltration, the mycofilter was packed into pyrex columns (3.3 x 15 cm) to desired bed heights. Iron (III) and imidacloprid solutions of 18.99 mg/L and 234.70 ng/L, respectively, were filtered at a constant flow rate. Thereafter, Helisoma duryi snails were exposed for 96 hours to the respective filtrates, and their catalase and acetylcholinesterase activities were assessed. Batch mycofiltration showed iron (III) removal rates as high as 85%. Column mycofiltration showed removal rates of 94 and 31% for iron (III) and imidacloprid, respectively. Catalase activity was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the snails exposed to iron (III) or imidacloprid filtrates, compared to the snails exposed to the non-mycofiltered media. A significantly higher acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by iron (III) filtrates in comparison with the non-mycofiltered media (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in acetylcholinesterase activity (p > 0.05) in the snails exposed to mycofiltered and non-mycofiltered imidacloprid media. Mycofilter characterisation using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry revealed significant changes in transmittance intensity in the mycofilters used for the iron (III) vs the ones used for the imidacloprid solutions. Mycofiltration was found to improve water quality although iron (III) was removed more effectively than imidacloprid.
Understanding the relationship between the frequency of HbA1c monitoring, HbA1c changes over time, and the achievement of targets: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mukonda Elton , Westhuizen Diederick J van der , Dave Joel A , Cleary Susan , Hannan Luke , Lesosky Maia , Rusch Jody A
Published: July 2023

Background
The goal of post-diagnosis diabetes management is the achievement and maintenance of glycaemic control. Most clinical practice guidelines recommend 3–6 monthly HbA1c monitoring. Despite this guidance, there are few data supporting the impact of monitoring frequency on clinical outcomes, particularly from low- and middle-income country settings. This study examined associations between adherence to monitoring recommendations and the achievement of HbA1c targets, and HbA1c changes, over time in a South African cohort.
Research Design and Methods:
The study utilised routinely collected HbA1c test data on patients with diabetes aged ≥ 18 years in the Western and Northern Cape between 2015 and 2020 to examine the relationship between mean change in HbA1c values and the duration between consecutive HbA1c tests (retest interval). The monitoring adherence rate, which represents the proportion of intervals between consecutive tests that met South Africa’s guideline recommendations, was calculated for each patient. Multistate modelling and linear mixed-effects modelling were then used to examine the effect of monitoring adherence on the achievement of glycemic control targets and longitudinal changes in HbA1c.
Results
The 132,859 diabetes patients with repeat tests had a median of three HbA1c test requests, a median follow-up time of 2.3 years and a median retest interval of 10.3 months. A retest interval 2–4 months maximised the downward trajectory in HbA1c, while individuals with low adherence to the monitoring guidelines were the least likely to achieve glycaemic control in one year. Moreover, patients with low monitoring adherence had higher mean HbA1c levels compared to patients with moderate or high monitoring adherence.
Conclusions
The results illustrated the importance of adherence to monitoring recommendations as adherent patients had better glycaemic control and lower mean HbA1c levels over time.
Forecasting patient census at a university hospital using the Prophet model
Authors: Rudas Akos , Weil Drew J. , Jahnke Scott L. , Chiang Jeffrey N.
Published: July 2023

The widespread emergence of machine learning-based solutions provides most fields with a range of available tools. Utilizing these tools requires resources unavailable to many institutions. Off-the-shelf methods could fill this gap, as they usually require little implementational effort, and are easily customizable to fit a wide range of tasks. To assess how easily off-the-shelf methods can be adapted to clinical tasks so that clinicians would be provided actionable predictions, we adopted the time series forecasting model Prophet to forecast patient census time series 3 days from the day of prediction. The underlying time series used for model training consisted of day-to-day census data collected in 2021 and 2022. Performance of the model had been evaluated daily against a baseline and the manual predictions of a business subject matter expert. The Prophet model outperformed the other methods and provided accurate predictions for several time series; it predicted adult intensive care unit census, overall adult census, and emergency department census with 2.1%, 3.2%, and 7.6% mean absolute percentage error, respectively. To acquire these predictions, necessary steps were installing Python, the library containing Prophet, and writing a script around it to train it on the time series of interest and generate actual predictions. The model has been operationalized in a large academic hospital. We conclude that medical facilities which accumulate time series data (patient census, resources, etc.) can benefit from advances in machine learning, or more specifically time series forecasting by adopting off-the-shelf methods to generate actionable predictions to enhance patient care.
Broadband Thermal Imaging using Meta-Optics
Authors: Majumdar Arka , Huang Luocheng , Han Zheyi , Wirth-Singh Anna , Saragadam Vishwanath , Mukherjee Saswata , Fröch Johannes E , Rollag Joshua , Gibson Ricky , Hendrickson Joshua , Hon Philip , Kigner Orrin , Koppens Zachary , Böhringer Karl , Veeraraghavan Ashok
Published: July 2023

Subwavelength diffractive optics known as meta-optics have demonstrated the potential to significantly miniaturize imaging systems. However, despite impressive demonstrations, most meta-optical imaging systems suffer from strong chromatic aberrations, limiting their utilities. Here, we employ inverse-design to create broadband metaoptics operating in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) regime (8-12 μm). Via a deep-learning assisted multi-scale differentiable framework that links meta-atoms to the phase, we maximize the wavelength-averaged volume under the modulation transfer functon(MTF) of the metaoptics. Our design framework merges local phase-engineering via metaatoms and global engineering of the scatterer within a single pipeline. We corroborate our design by fabricating and experimentally characterizing all-silicon LWIR meta-optics. Our engineered meta-optic is complemented by a simple computational backend that dramatically improves the quality of the captured image. We experimentally demonstrate a six-fold improvement of the wavelength-averaged Strehl ratio over the traditional hyperboloid metalens for broadband imaging.
Association between hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis and twenty common cancers: A bidirectional mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Maoyu , Li Zhizhou , Wang Ziwei , Ying Yidie , Hua Meimian , Wang Huiqing , Zeng Shuxiong , Zhang Zhensheng , Xu Chuanliang
Published: July 2023

Objective:The epidemiological evidence regarding the causal relationship between hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis (SAT), and tumors remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to establish the causal relationship between these conditions.
Methods: We conducted a bi-directional MR study using publicly available GWAS summary statistics to explore the causality between genetically predicted hyperthyroidism, SAT and the risk of 20 common cancers. The analysis was performed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. The primary results were based on the IVW (random effects), followed by sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median and IVW (fixed effects) were used to confirm the robustness of the findings.
Results:IVW analysis revealed a significant positive causal association between hyperthyroidism and breast cancer (OR = 2.20E+05, 95% CI: 7.7733–6.23E+09, P = 0.0187), ovarian cancer (OR =1.0949, 95% CI: 1.0250–1.1696, P = 0.0071), thyroid cancer (OR =3.05E+11, 95% CI: 1.06E+01–8.84E+21, P = 0.0314), and colorectal cancer (OR =1.1345, 95% CI: 1.0293–1.2505, P = 0.0110) ; while hyperthyroidism had an inverse association with bladder cancer (OR =0.9446, 95% CI: 0.9017–0.9896, P = 0.0164), prostate cancer (OR =0.6174, 95% CI: 0.4879–0.7813, P = 5.97E-05), liver and bile duct cancer (OR =0.9723, 95% CI: 0.9540–0.9910, P = 0.0038), brain cancer (OR =0.9699, 95% CI: 0.9460–0.9945, P = 0.0166), and malignant neoplasm of male genital organs (OR =0.8593, 95% CI: 0.7868–0.9385, P = 0.0007). Furthermore, the IVW analysis supported a positive causal relationship between SAT and endometrial cancer (OR =1.031, 95% CI: 1.0032–1.0596, P = 0.0288), while SAT had an inverse association with kidney cancer (OR =0.9015, 95% CI: 0.8255–0.9844, P = 0.0209) and thyroid cancer (OR =0.9143, 95% CI: 0.8390–0.9962, P =0.0407). However, we only observed an inverse association between malignant neoplasm of male genital organs and SAT in the reverse MR analyses.
Conclusions: The current investigation offers genetic evidence that hyperthyroidism could potentially elevate the risk of developing breast, ovarian, thyroid, and colorectal cancers. Likewise, SAT is identified as a possible risk factor for endometrial cancer. In light of these findings, further studies are necessary to uncover the underlying mechanisms that establish causal links between hyperthyroidism, SAT, and malignancies.
On Lie triple centralizers of von Neumann algebras
Authors: Fadaee Behrooz , Ghahramani Hoger
Published: July 2023

‎Let U be a von Neumann algebra endowed with the Lie product [A,B]=AB-BA (A,B in U)‎. ‎In this article‎, ‎we consider the subsequent condition on an additive mapping \phi on the von Neumann algebra U with a suitable projection P in U‎:
‎\phi([ [A‎ , ‎B]‎ , ‎C ]) = [ [\phi(A)‎, ‎B]‎ , ‎C ] = [ [ A‎, ‎\phi (B)‎ ] , ‎C ] ‎
‎for all A,B‎, ‎C in U with AB=P and we show that \phi(A)=WA+\xi(A) for all A in U$, ‎where W in Z(U)‎, ‎and \xi: U \to Z(U) (Z(U)$ is the center of U) is an additive map in which \xi([[A‎, ‎B ]‎, ‎C] )=0 for any A,B,C in U with AB=P‎. ‎We also give some results of the conclusion‎.
Decellularized extracellular matrix tissues from human gastric cancer tissues as a three-dimensional model for cancer cell growth and drug treatments
Authors: Du Hua , Zhang Wenqi , Shi Yingxu , Sun Wei , Liu Gang , Liu Honggang
Published: July 2023

Tissue engineering strategies based on three-dimensional (3D) structures and components of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) have been used in cancer research and regenerative research. With dECM tissues and a 3D culture system not being applied to gastric cancer tissue, there is a great need for a therapeutic approach targeting human gastric cancer tissue that will benefit the in vitro optimization and development of chemotherapy drugs. In our study, we aimed to analyze the effect of dECM tissues on the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of MKN-45 cells following recellularization with MKN-45 cells. The potential effect of dECM tissues on in vivo cancer progression was confirmed by in vivo xenograft assay after subcutaneous transplantation. In addition, the effect of dECM tissues on the transcriptomic profiles of MKN-45 cells was analyzed by RNA-seq. Based on the enhanced EMT process of MKN-45 cells, it was significantly increased in the 3D culture system with increased expression levels of ABCB1, ABCG2, LRP, MRP1, and MDR1 during the culture process. The up-regulation expression levels of CK8 and Villin in xenograft tissues also confirmed the promising effect of dECM tissues on in vivo cancer progression. Interestingly, the dECM tissues significantly improved the drug resistance of MKN-45 cells to 5-Fu treatments. The data of RNA-seq further confirmed that the potential effect of dECM tissues on the transcriptomic profiles of MKN-45 cells was positively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, synaptic vesicle cycle, and MAPK signaling pathway. Given the biological activities preserved in dECM tissues, we believe that the approaches for the decellularization of gastric cancer tissues and 3D culture may bring the field one step closer to developing a therapy to address these unmet clinical needs.
Iaso: Enhancing Syntax Error Correction using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Li Wei , Wong Weng-Fai
Published: July 2023

Syntax errors can significantly impede students' progress and comprehension of programming concepts. AI-generated programs are also prone to syntax bugs, highlighting the importance of effectively addressing and resolving such errors. This paper presents Iaso, an automated program repair tool designed specifically to rectify syntax errors in student and AI-generated C programs. Iaso consists of three components: a syntax-based C program generator, an error localization model, and an ensemble code corrector. The program generator is trained on a seed dataset to generate complete and compilable C programs, which are then used to train the corrector. The corrector, trained on a combination of the seed dataset and a synthetic dataset, adopts an ensemble approach to gather fixes from multiple correctors trained on different datasets. During the repair process, Iaso's error localization model utilizes information from the deep learning model, raw code, and compiler messages to precisely identify the required repairs. To evaluate our method, we compare it against two automated program correctors: DrRepair and TransRepair. Iaso demonstrates notable performance, achieving a full repair rate of 78.8\% (+4.2\%) on the Deepfix test set and 91.0\% (+6.8\%) on the Tracer test set, generating over 1,300,000 erroneous C programs. Compared to the large language model PaLM, our strategy showcases a significant 6\% improvement in accuracy, considering the unlimited edit size used by PaLM. Furthermore, when compared to the state-of-the-art dialogue model ChatGPT, our method exhibits only a slight 1.4\% deviation while utilizing significantly fewer resources.
Dynamics and stability of ultrashort laser in Kerr nonlinear optical materials: competing effects between K-photon absorption and the higher-order correction term to the nonlinear refractive index
Authors: Nteutse Peguy Kameni , Geletu Abebe
Published: July 2023

Ultrashort laser micromachining is a versatile technology used in modern industries for manipulating transparent materials with precision. In these applications, laser systems are customized for specific power levels and wavelengths, requiring an understanding of different laser operation regimes to optimize their utilization, as well as technological advancement. This study proposes a theoretical analysis to investigate the impact of the competition between multiphoton absorption and the higher order correction term to the nonlinear refractive index on laser propagation and stability in Kerr nonlinear transparent materials. The study focuses on the mathematical model that includes a complex nonlinear K-order Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled to the Drude equation that captures the growth rate of the electron plasma density. Through global stability investigation, a diverse range of fixed points is revealed in the amplitude-frequency plane. An examination of the steady-state stability of these fixed point solutions reveals that, depending on the sign of the spatial noise, the combination of the multipho-ton absorption process with the higher-order correction term to the nonlinear refractive index can be detrimental or beneficial to the continuous-wave regime. According to numerical simulations of the mathematical model in the fully non-linear regime, we found that low values of the higher-order correction term to the nonlinear refractive index, denoted as M0 promote stable pulse trains patterns, mainly when the multiphoton absorption rate is high, whereas high values of M0 1 induced a train of anharmonic wave patterns as the multiphoton absorption rate gets stronger.
Irisin-loaded electrospun core-shell nanofibers as calvarial periosteum accelerate vascularized bone regeneration by activating the mitochondrial SIRT3 pathway
Authors: Hua Xi , Hou Mingzhuang , Deng Lei , Lv Nanning , Xu Yong , Zhu Xuesong , Yang Huilin , Shi Qin , Liu Hao , He Fan
Published: July 2023

The scarcity of native periosteum poses a significant clinical barrier in the repair of critical-sized bone defects. The challenge of enhancing regenerative potential in bone healing is further compounded by oxidative stress at the fracture site. However, the introduction of artificial periosteum has demonstrated its ability to promote bone regeneration through the provision of appropriate mechanical support and controlled release of pro-osteogenic factors. In this study, a polylactic acid (PLLA)/hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanofibrous membrane was fabricated using the coaxial electrospinning technique. The incorporation of irisin into the core-shell structure of PLLA/HA nanofibers (PLLA/HA@Irisin) achieved its sustained release. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the PLLA/HA@Irisin membranes exhibited favorable biocompatibility. The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was improved by PLLA/HA@Irisin, as evidenced by a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization. Mechanistically, PLLA/HA@Irisin significantly enhanced the mitochondrial function of BMMSCs via the activation of the sirtuin 3 antioxidant pathway. To assess the therapeutic effectiveness, PLLA/HA@Irisin membranes were implanted in situ into critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. The results at four and eight weeks post-surgery indicated that the implantation of PLLA/HA@Irisin exhibited superior efficacy in promoting vascularized bone formation, as demonstrated by the enhancement of bone matrix synthesis and the development of new blood vessels. The results of our study indicate that the electrospun PLLA/HA@Irisin nanofibers possess characteristics of a biomimetic periosteum, showing potential for effectively treating critical-sized bone defects by improving the mitochondrial function and maintaining redox homeostasis of BMMSCs.
Robust Adaptive Beamforming for Coprime Array Based on Subspace Orthogonality
Authors: Huang Xiangdong , Hu Nian , Yang Xiaoqing , Gan Lin
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) algorithm for coprime array based on subspace orthogonality.Initially, we eliminate residual noise to improve the accuracy of the noise power estimation. The Desired Signal Steering Vector (DSSV) is derived from the noise-free desired Sample Covariance Matrix (SCM). To obtain a virtual Uniform Linear Array (ULA) much longer than the actual linear array, we derive the continuous elements in the difference coarray and construct the Toeplitz matrix to create the virtual SCM. The interference Steering Vectors (SVs) are optimized by exploiting the orthogonality between the complementary subspace and the actual interference SVs. Subsequently, we accurately reconstruct the Interference-plus-Noise Covariance Matrix (INCM) in the physical domain, utilizing the maximum correlation principle, and derive the optimal weight vector for beamforming.Through simulation results, we demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm in dealing with look direction errors, incoherent local scattering errors, array element gain and phase perturbation errors.
A Bioinformatics-Based Analysis of an Cuproptosis and Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Xizhi , Gu Shanzhi , Zhao Xinhan , Zhang Yujiao
Published: July 2023

Background
Cuproptosis and ferroptosis acts important defense for the organism by preventing tumor cells migration and preventing their growth. In this study, cuproptosis and ferroptosis-related genes were used to construct a prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients.
Methods
TCGA database was used to acquire RNA sequencing data and clinical information for LUAD samples. The Cox and LASSO regression analysis were performed to construct the prognostic genes signature. In addition, GSEA, GO, KEGG were performed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between our identified signature and immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy response, drug sensitivity analysis.
Results
Three prognosis related genes were selected (SRXN1, GLS2, SLC2A1). Finally, in vitro experiments we performed qRT-PCR, western blot, scratch test, colony-formation, lipid ROS analysis to validate the expression and function of SRXN1 gene.
Conclusion
Combined with clinicopathological characteristics, the risk model was validated as a new independent prognostic factor for LUAD.
Biocontrol agents establishment and their impact on rhizosphere microbiome and induced grapevine defenses is highly soil-dependent
Authors: Leal Catarina , Eichmeier Ales , Štůsková Kateřina , Armengol Josep , Bujanda Rebeca , Fontaine Florence , Trotel-Aziz Patricia , Gramaje David
Published: July 2023

Background
Without effective chemical treatments, there is an increased interest on biological control of plant diseases. Trichoderma and Bacillus species have shown biocontrol potential against several grapevine diseases. However, few studies have investigated the impact of introducing beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere, on the indigenous soil existent microbiome. Plant-associated microbiomes are complex, and there is a limited knowledge of the mechanisms that maintain and stimulate specific plant-associated microbial communities. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the introduction of the biological control agents (BCAs) Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 (Bs PTA-271) and Trichoderma atroviride SC1 (Ta SC1) produce distinctive modifications in the composition and co-occurrence network structure of the grapevine rhizosphere microbial community, as well as grapevine induced defenses.
Results
Our results demonstrated that, the fungal microbiome is more affected by factors such as soil type, BCA treatment, and sampling time than bacterial microbiome. Specifically, Ta SC1 application produced a negative impact on fungal diversity, while applications of BCAs did not affect bacterial diversity. Interestingly, the survival and establishment of both BCAs showed opposite trends depending on the soil type, indicating that the physicochemical properties of soils have a role on BCA establishment. Fungal co-occurrence networks were less complex than bacterial networks, but highly impacted by Ta SC1 application. Soils treated with Ta SC1, presented more complex and stable co-occurrence networks, with a higher number of positive correlations. Induced grapevine defenses also differed according to the soil, being more affected by BCA inoculation on sandy soil.
Conclusions
The findings of this research emphasize the complex relationships among microorganisms in the rhizosphere, and point to the impact of biocontrol treatments on fungal and bacterial rhizosphere microbiomes. It highlights the significance of taking into account various factors like soil type, sampling time, and BCA treatment, and their influence on the structure and dynamics of microbial communities. In the future, it is crucial to conduct additional studies to explore these microbial interactions in greater detail, with the goal of developing more precise and efficient biocontrol strategies for agriculture.
The Power of Youth: The Impact of the "Fridays for Future" Climate Movement on Voters, Politicians, and the Media
Authors: Waldinger Maria , Rainer Helmut , Ludwig Markus , Flückiger Matthias , Wichert Sebastian , Fabel Marc
Published: July 2023

We study the impact of the Fridays for Future climate protest movement in Germany on citizen political behavior. Throughout 2019, large crowds of young protesters, the majority of whom were under voting age, skipped school to demand immediate climate change mitigation measures. We exploit cell phone-based mobility data and hand-collected information on nearly 4,000 climate protests to construct a spatially and temporally highly disaggregated measure of protest participation. Then, using various empirical strategies to address the issue of nonrandom protest participation, we show that the local strength of the climate movement led to more Green Party votes in state-level and national-level elections during 2019 and after. We provide evidence suggesting that three mechanisms were simultaneously at play: reverse intergenerational transmission of pro-environmental attitudes from children to parents, stronger climate-related social media presence by Green Party politicians, and increased coverage of environmental issues in local media. Together, our results suggest that environmental protests by those too young to vote may provide some of the impetus that is needed to push society toward overcoming the climate trap.
The mitochondrial-generated lncRNAs mediate a mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde regulation after their nuclear translocation
Authors: Li Jia , Bai Ruolin , Zhao Yongyun , Li Ling , Song Xu
Published: July 2023

Since an intense communication between nucleus and mitochondria is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis, it is important to characterize biological molecules involved in the inter-compartmental crosstalk. While a number of nuclear-encoded lncRNAs (nulncRNAs) have been implicated in anterograde regulation from the nucleus to mitochondria, the participation of mitochondrial-derived long non-coding RNAs (mtlncRNAs) in retrograde regulation from mitochondria to nucleus remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified three mtlncRNAs, namely MDL1AS, lncND5, and lncCyt b, as retrograde messengers following their translocation to the nucleus. Facilitated by the RNA-binding proteins HuR and PNPT1, these three mtlncRNAs shuttle from the mitochondria to the nucleus, subsequently regulating a network of nuclear genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated the cooperative interaction between the nuclear-localized lncCyt b and the splicing factor hnRNPA2B1, which influences various aspects of cell metabolism, including glycolysis. This effect is potentially mediated through their synergistic impact on the pre-mRNA splicing of related nuclear genes. Moreover, our study expands our understanding of mitochondrial biology and provides novel insights it provides novel insights into the role of mtlncRNAs in mediating the communication between mitochondria-nucleus.
Probing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the day and night land surface temperatures using MODIS data over Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India
Authors: Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar
Published: July 2023

This work mainly aimed at understanding the actual effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in terms of daytime LST (DLST) and nighttime LST (NLST). MODIS (MOD11A2) derived images from 2017 through 2022, excluding December, were used in this study. GIS maps were prepared and interpreted to know LST fluctuations along with the directions to yield better insights. Time series plots were presented to know the LST fluctuations across the time frame, i.e., 2017 to 2022. The pre-COVID and post-COVID (including COVID) period is considered in this study without using data earlier than 2017 to avoid the noise that might be generated. The correlation analysis was done, and it is observed that daytime LST during the COVID period (2020 and 2021) has witnessed DLST close to the years 2017 (0.93 and 0.92) and 2019 (0.95), and night time LST close to the year 2017 (0.93). This work supports the notion that the COVID pandemic has lowered LST overall and highlights that the actual effect is minimal in the study area.
Investigation of the kinematics involved in compton scattering and hard X-ray photoabsorption
Authors:   , Kircher Max
Published: July 2023

The present work investigates the kinematics of Compton scattering at gaseous, internally-cool helium and molecular nitrogen targets in the high- and the low-energy regime. Additionally, photoionization at molecular nitrogen with high-energy photons is investigated. These exeprimental regimes were previously inaccessible due to the extremely small cross sections involved. Nowadays, the third- and fourth-generation synchrotron machines produce sufficient photon flux, enabling the investiagtion of the above processes. The utilized cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) technique further increases the detection efficiency of the observed processes, since it enables full-solid-angle detection by exploiting momentum conservation. Compton scattering is investigated at both high (helium and N2) and low (helium) photon energies. In the high-energy regime, the impulse approximation is mostly valid, which is not the case for the low-energy regime. The impulse approximation assumes that the Compton-scattering process takes place at a free electron with a momentum distribution as if it was bound, thus ignoring the binding energy of the system. In the low-energy regime, the impulse approximation is not valid. Photoionization is investigated at high photon energies, where the linear momentum of the photon cannot be neglected, as is the fashion of the commonly used dipole approximation.
Management Case Study of Public-Private Partnership greeninfrastructure to a Carbon-Neutral City Action: Focusing on Seoullo 7017
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Chae Jin-Hae
Published: July 2023

This study examines the operation case of public-private cooperative greeninfrastructure to realize a carbon-neutral city. The research site is Seoullo 7017, located in Seoul, South Korea, and the research period is from May 2017 ~ May 2019. The research method was based on observational surveys and literature research, and analyzed data were from the Seoul Information Communication Plaza. There were three types of public-private cooperative greeninfrastructure operations: resourcecentered- public&public cooperation, social problem solving-foundation cooperation, and technologybased - enterprise cooperation. And there were four types of analysis frameworks: greenhouse gas reduction, green growth, improvement of leisure quality of life, and community innovationAs a result of the research, public-private cooperation for the realization of a carbon-neutral city had common results in four aspects: greenhouse gas reduction, green growth, improvement of leisure quality of life, and community innovation. However, the improvement of the quality of leisure life and community innovation differed according to the type of public-private cooperation, which showed that the participation of various public-private cooperation actors improved the quality of life of various members of society and influenced innovation in local communities. Therefore, in order to realize a carbon-neutral city and increase sustainability, a customized public-private cooperation model is needed that considers its goals and targets is needed and it is necessary to discover various contents for this.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Implementation for Indonesian EFL Learners: A Case Study
Authors: Norhasanah  , Setiawan Rozi
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to investigate CLIL implementation for English teaching in Indonesia, particularly how this approach can be used in the EFL learning context considering that in most cases CLIL is implemented for bilingual education. To get the information and learn the phenomena in depth, a study case was conducted. The data was collected through classroom observation of two English teachers who have implemented CLIL in their teaching practice. It was then followed by a focus group discussion with those teachers to confirm the CLIL application and get more comprehensive data. This study found that CLIL was quite significant to be implemented for teaching English as it was not only able to improve students’ language skills but also broaden their insight globally. From this study, it was also highlighted that teachers must carefully select the materials and consider students’ level of proficiency to make a meaningful and effective learning process.
The Art of Scientific Writing and Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Amaro D. Neto Brenno , Eberlin Marcos
Published: July 2023

We share our consolidated views, long-term experiences, and best tips for effective scientific writing. After writing hundreds of manuscripts and thus having battled and succeeded in this “minefield”, and knowing the importance of guidance for successful science communication, particularly for beginners, we have tried to introduce readers to the art of scientific writing, from A to Ω. To help less experienced scientific writers to learn quickly and overcome some initial barriers, avoiding common mistakes that we ourselves have also made, we discuss the most important techniques we have used in trying to write clear, comprehensible, and concise manuscripts that are as attractive and impacting as possible. This guide therefore offers crucial tips and concepts - from the very first words, initial draft, and on to submission, “battles” with reviewers and finally to acceptance and publication. The ethical use of artificial intelligence tools, along with some best practice suggestions for their application, is also presented and discussed. In the end, readers should have a comprehensive picture to help them understand basic manuscript structures and major features, habits and tips that help ensure excellence in scientific writing.
Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Triazole-Functionalized Biochar as Nanocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lopes Renata , Zhao Qiuxia , Moya Sergio , Moro Marta , Astruc Didier
Published: July 2023

Biochar is a material of great ecological interest obtained from the carbonization of biomass. Its structure is composed of graphene-like aggregates, and it contains useful functional groups such as carboxyl. Using these groups, biochar functionalization with triazole groups that improve support characteristics has been achieved to anchor and stabilize catalytically active gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The Au NPs obtained were homogeneously distributed under biochar, with a size of 7.7 ± 3.5 nm. The efficiency of the nanomaterial was shown in nanogold-catalyzed hydrogen evolution from an aqueous solution containing B2(OH)4, with a maximum hydrogen generation of 715 mLH2 g-1 min-1 under optimized conditions (0.070 mmol of Au NPs and 0.300 mol L-1 of NaOH). This nanomaterial showed excellent efficiency in four successive catalytic cycles.
The assessment of the effectiveness of the unimodal and bimodal models to evaluate the water flow through nature-based solutions substrates
Authors: Turco Michele , Palermo Stefania Anna , Polizzi Ada , Presta Ludovica , Pirouz Behrouz , Piro Patrizia
Published: July 2023

Nature-based solutions are popular techniques for managing stormwater. Most of them allow porous media as their main layer. The description of the Soil Water Retention Curve (SWRC) as the Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Curve (UHCC) is often required to run the hydrological simulations with the physically based models. Using the unimodal and bimodal models to assess the SWRC and UHCC of soils is a widespread technique but their evaluation is often present in literature only in terms of curve fitting. Based on these assumptions, this work presents the performance assessment of the van Genuchten unimodal and bimodal models by functional evaluation of them based on the runoff from several substrates. Four substrates were investigated to define the structure, the SWRC, and the UHCC. Results showed that all substrates had a bimodal behaviour with lowest values of RMSE (RMSE_Θ = 0.0023 to 0.0037, RMSE_K = 0.0636 to 0.1284). Finally, a numerical simulation using the HYDRUS-1D model was performed for a three-month data set to check the effectiveness of the unimodal model instead of the bimodal one. The findings have shown that the unimodal model must be preferred instead of the bimodal because it has fewer parameters and assured low discrepancies in runoff volume (ε=0.00% to 6.25%).