bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma Multiforme In The Pineal Region: Systematic Review Of The Survival Outcomes
Authors: Choque-Velasquez Joham , Baluszek Szymon , Muhammad Sajjad , Hernesniemi Juha
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme of the pineal region harbors high mortality in the first year of treatment. This study aims to deepen the study of pineal GBM patients for finding independent predictors of mortality, focusing on the therapeutic modalities and genetic features.Methods: We present a systematic review of the long-term outcomes of the disease with a focus on the therapeutic modalities and genetic features.Results: The median overall survival of the disease is 12 months. Biopsy (HR:4.2, p=0.002, and a median survival of 19 months) and radiochemotherapy (HR:4.1, p<0.001, and a median survival of 18 months) represent independent predictors of pineal glioblastoma survival. H3K27M mutant patients had a median survival of 23 months versus the ten-months median survival of the H3K27 wild type. However, no statistical difference exists due to the limited number of cases. The disease's local progression and recurrence seem higher in patients undergoing surgical removal than biopsy procedures (p=0.021).Conclusions: Biopsy and radiochemotherapy represent independent predictors of pineal GBM survival. Surgical resection different from biopsy seems to increase the risks of local progression and recurrence. However, further studies should focus on the impact of the genetic profile on long-term outcomes.
Trustworthy performance evaluations: The Performance Outcome Scoring Template (POS-T) for transparent assessments in real-world programs
Authors: Raysmith Benjamin P. , Timpka Toomas , Jacobsson Jenny , Drew Michael K. , Dahlström Örjan
Published: September 2021

In applied program settings, such as in natural environment control and education, performance evaluation is usually conducted by evaluators considering both self-comparison and comparison with peers. We have developed the Performance Outcome Scoring Template (POS-T) for assessments with high face-validity in these settings. POS-T puts achievements of individuals or groups in context, i.e. the resulting performance outcome score (POS) reflects a meaningful measure of performance magnitude with regards to internal and external comparisons. Development of a POS is performed in four steps supported by a statistical framework. Software is supplied for creation of scoring applications in different performance evaluation settings. We demonstrate the POS-T by evaluation of CO2 emissions reduction amongst 36 OECD member countries.
A comparative analysis of lung function and spirometry parameters in genotype-controlled natives living at low and high altitude
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Encalada Sebastián , Mosquera Johanna , Simbaña-Rivera Katherine , Gomez-Barreno Lenin , Duta Diego , Ochoa Israel , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. , Vasconez Eduardo , Burgos German , Calvopiña Manuel , Viscor Gines
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe reference values for lung function are associated to anatomical and lung morphology parameters, but anthropometry it is not the only influencing factor: altitude and genetics are two important agents affecting respiratory physiology. Altitude and its influence on respiratory function has been studied independently of genetics, considering early and long-term acclimatization.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate lung function through a spirometry study in autochthonous Kichwas permanently living at low and high-altitude.MethodologyA cross-sectional study of spirometry differences between genetically matched lowland Kichwas from Limoncocha (230 m) at Amazonian basin and high-altitude Kichwas from Oyacachi (3,180 m) in Andean highlands. Chi-square method was used to analyze association or independence of categorical variables, while Student’s t test was applied to comparison of means within quantitative variables. ANOVA, or in the case that the variables didn’t meet the criteria of normality, Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare more than two groups.ResultsPeople from Oyacachi (high altitude) showed a higher predicted values than those from Limonocha (low altitude). The FVC and the FEV1 were significantly greater among highlanders than lowlanders (p value < 0.001). The FEV1/FVC was significantly higher among lowlanders than highlanders for men and women. A restrictive pattern was found in 12.9% of the participants.ConclusionResidents of Oyacachi had greater lung capacity than their peers from Limoncocha, a finding physiologically plausible according to published literature. When analyzing the spirometric patterns obtained in these populations, it was evident that no person had an obstructive pattern, while on the other hand, the restrictive pattern appeared in Limoncocha and Oyacachi populations in 12.9% although it is clear that there is a predominance of this in the individuals belonging to Limoncocha.
Phosphorescent Organometallic Knots of Gold(I)-Bis(acetylide) Strands Directed by Copper(I) π-Coordination
Authors: Chen Zhong-Ning , Huang Ya-Zi , Wang Jin-Yun , Jiao Zhu , Xie Pei
Published: September 2021

Through elaborate ligand design to create knotted structures with specific topologies is a major challenge for chemists. In this work, the self-assembly between U-shape 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,8-diethynyl-9H-carbazole (H2L) and Au+ through gold(I)-bis(acetylide) linkages under π-bonded Cu+ template gives rise to complex 1 with two interlocked metallostrands as well as complexes 3 (n = 3) and 4 (n = 4) with [(AuL)n]n- metallostrands showing trefoil knot topology. Upon incorporating two [Au(dppb)Au]2+ (dppb = Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2) moieties through bis(Au-acetylide) coordination bonds, the interlocked structure (1) is fully closed to form a figure-eight knotted structure in complex 2. The folding and threading of metallocyclic strings are directed by Cu+, which are π-ligated to two or three acetylides to generate double-folding or triple-folding cross points. Complexes 1-4 show intense phosphorescence in both solutions and solid states at ambient temperature, originating from admixture of metal centered 3[d®p/s], 3IL (intraligand), and 3[p (L) ® s/p (Au/Cu)] 3LMCT triplet states.
Skin autofluorescence profile in Tunisian hemodialysis patients with and without heart failure
Authors: Aloui Sabra , Ajimi Khawla , Hamouda Mouna , Letaief Ahmed , Hawala Fouazi , Salem Mariem Ben , Salah Manel Ben , Skhiri Habib , KERKENI Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main reason for morbidity and mortality of patients in hemodialyis. Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a noninvasive measurement method, reflects tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that has been implicated in CVD as a strong marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate SAF profile in hemodialysis patients and to assess the association between SAF and heart failure.
Methods

In a cross-sectional study, we included 60 hemodialysis (HD) patients who were subdivided in two groups: a HD group without heart failure (n = 42) and a HD group with heart failure (n = 18). Skin AGEs accumulation was measured by AGE Reader device and clinical data was obtained.
Results

HD patients showed a SAF value at 2.90 (2.40–3.60). HD patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased SAF levels compared to HD patients without diabetes [3.20 (2.90–3.95) vs. 2.70 (2.30–3.30) AU, P = 0.021; respectively]. Furthermore, HD patients with heart failure showed a significant increased SAF levels compared to HD patients without heart failure [3.65 (2.90–4.12) vs. 2.60 (2.30–3.20) AU, P < 0.001; respectively]. SAF was associated with age, gender, and duration of dialysis. The ROC analysis indicated that SAF at 3.05 AU was optimal cut-off point for presence of heart failure (P < 0.001).
Conclusion

SAF might be a rapid and helpful tool in clinical practice as a potential marker for evaluating and screening heart failure in HD patients non-invasively and might be used as predictor for clinicians.
Prediction of nerve block success using ultrasonographic parameters: A preliminary animal study
Authors: Chiba Emiko , Hamamoto Kohei , Kanai Eiichi , Oyama-Manabe Noriko , Omoto Kiyoka
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic parameters as an indicator for predicting regional nerve block success. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was performed in seven dogs using either 2% mepivacaine (nerve-block group) or saline (sham-block group). The cross-sectional area (CSA), nerve blood flow (NBF), and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the sciatic nerve (SWVN), SWV of the biceps femoris muscle (SWVM), and their ratio (SWVNMR) were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after the nerve block as well as the change rate of each parameter from the baseline. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic value of each parameter in the prediction of nerve block success. No significant changes were observed in the CSA or NBF in association with the nerve block. The SWVN and SWVNMR in the nerve-block group were significantly higher than those in the sham-block group at 90 min and at 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively (p < 0.05). The change rates of SWVN and SWVNMR in the nerve-block group were significantly higher than those in the sham-block group at all time points (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that SWVN had a moderate diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC], 0.779), whereas SWVNMR and change rates of SWVN and SWVNMR had a high diagnostic accuracy (AUC, 0.947, 0.998, and 1.000, respectively). Ultrasonographic evaluation of the SWVN and SWVNMR could be used as indicators for predicting nerve block success.
Analysis of retinal sensitivity between acute and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy assessed by microperimetry
Authors: Li Hai-dong , Chen Lifeng , Wu Meng’ai , Zheng Bin
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To evaluate retinal sensitivity of macular region between acute and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using microperimetry.

Methods

A retrospective observational study. Twenty-five eyes of 25 subjects who were diagnosed as either acute or recurrent CSC without any previous treatment were included in this study. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examinations including the central retinal thickness (CRT) using spectral domain OCT and the retinal sensitivity assessments of macular region by microperimeter MP-3. The mean global macular sensitivity (GMS) from 64 loci in the 20° central macular area and local macular sensitivity (LMS) from test locations in affected region of SRD were analysed.

Results

Twelve eyes of 12 subjects with acute CSC (Group A) and 13 eyes of 13 subjects with recurrent CSC (Group R) were enrolled. The clinical parameters, including age, duration, mean LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity and CRT, were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between Group A and Group R. There were significant differences in GMS and LMS between the two groups. Compared with group A (24.9±1.6dB), the mean GMS of group R was significantly (p<0.05) lower (23.0±2.0dB). In addition, the mean LMS of group R (19.9±2.3dB) was also significantly lower (p<0.05) compared with group A (21.8±2.1dB).

Conclusion

Eyes with recurrent CSC often show worse retinal function in focal affected macular areas than acute disease. Macular microperimetry analysis may deepen our understanding of CSC natural history and influence decision-making in clinical practice.
Impact of establishing a respiratory high dependency unit for SCAP patients on the therapeutic effect, prognosis, and expenditure: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Qin Yalan , Tong Jin
Published: September 2021

Objective: To explore the effects of establishing high dependency unit (HDU) on the prognosis, outcome, and expenditure of patients with severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP).Method: Data pertaining to 108 SCAP patients were retrieved from the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Of these, 87 qualified the study-selection criteria and were divided into HDU group (treated in HDU after discharge from RICU prior to transfer to normal unit) (n=40) and normal group (not treated in the HDU) (n=47). General condition of patients, APACHE II and SOFA scores, duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital infection, intensive care unit syndrome, length of stay, and expenditure were compared between the two groups.Outcome: There was no significant between-group difference with respect to noninvasive ventilation time, oxygenation index, or APACHE II and SOFA scores at admission or discharge from RICU (P>0.05). Fourteen patients in the HDU group received invasive ventilation; the mean invasive ventilation time (176±160 h) was not significantly different from that in the normal group (206±179 h). The period of sequential noninvasive ventilation in the HDU group (135±82 h) was significantly shorter than that in the normal group (274±182 h, P<0.05). HDU group had shorter length of stay in hospital and RICU, and incurred lesser expenditure than patients in the normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Patients in HDU group had almost the same therapeutic effect with shorter length of stay in hospital and RICU, and lesser expenditure.
Women Entrepreneurs and The usage of social Media for Business Sustainability In the time of Covid-19
Authors: Rah Ninik Sri , Masduki Masduki , Rahayu Nur Ellyanawati Esti
Published: September 2021

This study explores the efforts of Indonesian women entrepreneurs to sustain their businesses during the COVID-19 crisis of 2020–2021. Focusing on female-owned businesses in Yogyakarta, this research places particular emphasis on how social media contributes to their survival. Using a quantitative approach to analyze data collected from 130 respondents, the researchers found that the pandemic has severely affected women entrepreneurs—especially those operating SMEs. Most significantly, women have experienced reduced income due to decreased sales, disrupted supply chains, and difficulty paying credit instalments. Although women entrepreneurs are particularly vulnerable to economic shocks, most lack access to assistance from government and private programmes. This study also sheds light on social media's Important role in saving women's businesses. Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram have become the main instruments through which women market their businesses and reach new audiences. Aggressive promotions, accompanied by attractive offers such as discounts and additional services, have helped women entrepreneurs reduce their losses. Overall, we conclude that women entrepreneurs found innovative ways to survive their businesses during a time of crisis.
Functional Characterization of KCNMA1 mutation associated with dyskinesia, seizure, developmental delay, and cerebellar atrophy
Authors: Yucesan Emrah , Goncu Beyza , Ozgul Cemil , Kebapci Arda , Aslanger Ayca Dilruba , Akyuz Enes , Yesil Gozde
Published: September 2021

KCNMA1 located on chromosome 10q22.3, encodes the pore-forming α subunit of the “Big K+” (BK) large conductance calcium and voltage-activated K + channel. BK channels are widely distributed across tissues, including both excitable and non excitable cells. Numerous evidence suggests the functional BK channel alterations produced by different KCNMA1 alleles may associate with different symptoms, such as paroxysmal non kinesigenic dyskinesia with gain of function and ataxia with loss of function. Functional classifications revealed two major patterns, gain of function and loss of function effects on channel properties in different cell lines. In the literature, two mutations have been shown to confer gain of function properties to BK channels: D434G and N995S. On the other hand 10 mutations have been classified as loss of function (S351Y,G354S, G356R, G375R, C413Y/N449fs, I663V, P805L, and D984N) or putative loss of function (premature truncation mutations: Y676Lfs*7 and Arg458Ter). In this study, we report the functional characterization of a variant which was previously reported the whole exome sequencing revealed bi-allelic nonsense variation (NM_001161352.1 (ENST00000286628.8):c.1372C > T; Arg458*) of the cytoplasmic domain of calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 protein. To detect functional consequences of the variation immunostaining and electrophysiological studies were conducted. In this study, we conducted patch-clamp recordings on WT and R458X mutant cells. We found the gain of function effect for the mutation. This is the first functional study observing an increased current in the KCNMA1 gene resulting from a truncating mutation
Left Atrial diameter Index as a prognostic factor for STEMI: a case-control study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Han Xiaorong , Chen Zhongbo , Peng Mengling , Fu Yu , Yang Danxi , Zhou Shanshan
Published: September 2021

Background：The left atrium has a considerable role in cardiac function because of its unique anatomy and physiological function. We evaluated the role of the size of the left atrium in the prognosis of STEMI by quantifying the left atrium by introducing a left atrial diameter index(LAdI).Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a University Affiliated Hospital. Echocardiography is used to evaluate the size of left atrial diameter. It is indexed by body surface(BSA) area to evaluate the significance of LAdI on the prognosis of STEMI.This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of The First Hospital of Jilin University. All subjects in this trial gave written informed consent.Results: A total of 473 patients with a first STEMI within two years met the inclusion criteria to be included in this study. LA（OR=6.945；95%CI 1.398~34.499；P=0.018）and EF （OR=0.931；95%CI 0.904~0.960; P=0.000 ）were independent risk factors for MACEs.Conclusion:Patients with a first STEMI with a greater LAdI have a greater risk of MACEs than patients with a normal left atrium despite well-established PCI therapies.
Ectopic right coronary artery arising from the left sinus of Valsalva: a rare variant.
Authors: Badri Mohamed , Qassem Nora , Mohammed Awadalkareem M. A. , Eljack Moh.Mah.Fadel Allah , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Elmahi Osman Kamal Osman , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla
Published: September 2021

Ectopic origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva is an extremely rare anomaly of coronary arterial morphology, often incidentally discovered and clinically silent. We, hereunder, experienced a case of ectopic origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva.
Effect of the Complex Exercises in Hemsball on Attention and Coordinative Skills of Adolescents with Hearing Loss
Authors: IŞIK Meltem , KILIÇ İbrahim
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In this study the objective was to determine the effects of the complex exercises in hemsball on the attention and coordinative skills among adolescents with hearing loss.Method: 20 hearing-impaired students were divided into two groups as experimental and control. A training program consisting of the complex exercises in hemsball was applied to adolescents with hearing loss for one hour, three days per week, for a period of 10 weeks. Bourdon Attention Test, Simple Reaction Time Test and balance test of Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Profiency (BOT-2) motor competence sub-items and Alternate Hand Wall Toss Test for hand-eye coordination measurements were utilized for data collection. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics and two factor analysis of variance for repeated measures were used for the difference between pre-test and post-test average values for each group.Findings: While significant effect of complex exercises in hemsball on attention, hand-eye coordination, balance and reaction test (dominant hand) was observed in the experimental group, no significant difference was noted in the mean values of the reaction test (non-dominant hand).Discussion: It is especially important to develop and promote exercise programs tailored to the needs of adolescents with hearing loss with attention and coordination issues.Conclusion: The complex hemsball exercises indicated in this study should be considered as an alternative game for adolescent with hearing loss in terms of attention, focus and concentration, hand-eye-foot coordination, balance and reaction time.
The effects of splitters on the downstream scour hole of overflow spillways: application of support vector regression
Authors: Asadi Mohammad Ehsan , Naeeni Seyed Taghi Omid , Kerachian Reza
Published: September 2021

One of the most effective ways to reduce the water jet erosion power during dam overflow is to use splitters on the lower side of the spillway. The dimensions of scouring holes and their location in the dam basin should be accurately determined. Experimental models and data-driven techniques can be effectively used for estimating the dimensions of scouring holes. The focus of this paper is evaluating the effects of splitters on the downstream scour hole of overflow spillways and providing an optimized splitter configuration. The Support Vector Regression (SVR) method performance in predicting the scour hole dimensions and its location downstream of the dam has been examined using 116 experimental data. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model, we used different statistical measures. The results show that the presence of splitters decreases the slope of downstream scouring in all situations. It is also shown that the SVR method can accurately estimate the dimensions of the scour hole and its location.
Enhancing nitrate and phosphorus removal from stormwater in a fold-flow bioretention system with saturated zones
Authors: Yang Ran , Zheng-rong Fu , Man-ying Ma , Xian Liu
Published: September 2021

The traditional bioretention systems possess a remarkably low nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect. The removal rate fluctuates greatly, and even appears as negative removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Four simulated bioretention experimental columns with different bilayer media, packing composition and structure were constructed. Based on the traditional fillers, the modified composite fillers with hydroxy-aluminum and modified vermiculite sludge particle (HAVSP) were added. The traditional filler (C1) and the modified composite filler (C2) were added respectively, moreover saturated zones were set up to enhance the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Removal of nutrients from experimental columns by simulated runoff efficiency was evaluated and compared. In addition, the effect of media depth on phosphorus retention and denitrifying enzyme activity in bioretention columns was also evaluated. The experimental column #2 filled with C2 had the optimum removal effect on TP (93.70%), however, the removal effect of TP by filling C1 experimental columns was insufficient (57.36%). Designed to remove nitrate (NO3−-N) and total nitrogen, the experimental column #4 showed the best performance (83.54% and 92.15%, respectively). In this study, we propose a fold-flow bioretention system by filling HAVSP in combination with saturated zones. The runoff water quality can be effectively improved, and a new bioretention cell configuration can be provided for efficient stormwater treatment.
Why Use Nutraceutical Strategies for the Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Authors: di Michele Flavia
Published: September 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder, often
stress-related, identified by many abdominal symptoms, the most important of which is
chronic visceral abdominal pain. Therefore, IBS commonly impairs the quality of life of
patients, moreover, it is frequently linked to depressive and anxiety symptoms. The treatment
of IBS primarily focuses on symptoms relief. Unfortunately, up to now, no efficacious
therapies have been found. Therefore, it would be important to develop new anti-
IBS interventions.
The aim of this brief review is to summarize the current evidence of nutraceutical supplementation
in IBS treatment, with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, butyrate, palmitoylethanolamide
and colostrum. Since nutraceutics are over-the-counter products, the
review has the purpose to better inform the medicinal chemist and the practitioner about
the possible beneficial mechanisms and the many advantages that these therapies offer.
All of these compounds present multiple mechanisms of action, such as restoring the
physiological microbiota, potentiating gastrointestinal barrier’s function, immunomodulatory,
anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.
From the literature data, it results that these compounds are not only capable of improving
IBS symptomatology, but mainly display an optimal safety and tolerability profile.
Although extensive studies must be carried out to reinforce the evidence from the so far
limited clinical trials, the supplementation with these compounds may be useful considering
the warnings of prescription medicines for special populations of patients, such as elders,
youngsters, or patients who need combination therapy. Finally, the nutraceutical approach
may improve adherence to treatment, given its better acceptance by the patients
compared to pharmacological therapy.
Rational Design and Development of HDAC Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Mody Deepansh , Bouckaert Julie , Savvides Savvas N. , Gupta Vibha
Published: September 2021

Background:

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer amongst females across the globe, and with
over 2 million new cases reported in 2018, it poses a huge economic burden to the already dwindling public
health. A dearth of therapies in the pipeline to treat triple-negative breast cancers and acquisition of resistance
against the existing line of treatments urge the need to strategize novel therapeutics in order to add new drugs to
the pipeline. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) is one such class of small molecule inhibitors that target histone
deacetylases to bring about chromosomal remodelling and normalize dysregulated gene expression that marks
breast cancer progression.

Objective:

While four HDACi have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of different cancer types, no
HDACi is specifically earmarked for clinical management of breast cancer. Owing to the differential HDAC
expression pertaining to different types of breast cancers, isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors need to be discovered.

Conclusion:

This review attempts to set the stage for the rational structure-based discovery of isoform-selective
HDACi by providing structural insights into different HDACs and their catalytic folds based on their classes
and individual landscape. The development of inhibitors in accordance with the differential expression of
HDAC isoforms exhibited in breast cancer cells is a promising strategy to rationally design selective and effective
inhibitors, adopting a ‘personalized-medicine’ approach.
Key Performance Indicators in Claims Management: Definition of a Set of Indicators for the Evaluation of the Medico-Legal Activity
Authors: Scopetti Matteo , Padovano Martina , Manetti Federico , Gatto Vittorio , D’Errico Stefano , Santurro Alessandro , Frati Paola , Fineschi Vittorio
Published: September 2021

Background:

In recent decades, in the field of healthcare, awareness of the problems inherent
to the quality has steadily increased. Currently, the evaluation of healthcare activities is one of the
ways in which health systems regulate internal relationships and define strategic decisions.

Objective:

The study aims to describe in detail the entire process of developing a group of Key Performance
Indicators for monitoring and implementing the management of litigation due to medical liability.
Particularly, the objective is to centralize and standardize the indicators to provide scientifically
reliable data on claims management to hospital professionals responsible for strategic choices.

Methods:

The study was conducted to analyze data relating to the claims management at Umberto I
General Hospital in Rome from 2012 to 2018. All claims reported were classified according to a selection
of the categories coded in the International Classification for Patient Safety system, the economic
features, and the chronological references of the main management extrajudicial and judicial phases.
The Process Analysis Method was followed to develop significant indicators for measuring the performance
and the quality of claims management.

Results and Conclusion:

The results obtained demonstrate how the assessment of performance in
claims management can potentially lead to greater risk control with significant repercussions in terms
of reduction of disputes, speed in settling claims, reduction of management times, planning of loss prevention
measures, and implementation of quality of care.
Unleashing the Potential of Microbial Natural Products in Drug Discovery: Focusing on Streptomyces as Antimicrobials Goldmine
Authors: Bansal Himangini , Singla Rajeev K. , Behzad Sahar , Chopra Hitesh , Grewal Ajmer S. , Shen Bairong
Published: September 2021

The natural product specialized metabolites produced by microbes and plants are the backbone
of our current drugs. Ironically, we are in a golden age of understanding natural product biosynthesis,
biochemistry, and engineering. These advances have the potential to usher in a new era of
natural product exploration and development, taking full advantage of the unique and favorable properties
of natural product compounds in drug discovery. There is now an increasing realization that
these privileged structures represent the optimal starting point for the development of clinically viable
assets. Here, we outline the current state-of-the-art in antimicrobial natural product drug discovery,
specifically Streptomyces species, with a specific focus on how the emerging field of synthetic biology
is delivering the tools and technologies required to unlock the therapeutic potential of natural
products. We illustrate how these approaches are circumventing many of the problems that have historically
plagued conventional screening programs, enabling the expedient discovery of new molecules
with novel functions.
Diabetes and Lung Cancer: A Sweet and Sour Relationship
Authors: Hardavella Georgia , Paraskevas Andreas , Bellou Elena , Keramida Elli , Bracka Irma , Gkriniouk Christina , Mazarakis Spyros , Karampinis Ioannis , Demertzis Panagiotis
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus and lung cancer are two highly prevalent diseases on a
global scale. The association between these two diseases has been the subject of study of many cohorts
in the past, some of which presenting inconclusive results.

Aim:

To present existing evidence regarding the association of diabetes with lung cancer risk and
survival as well as the impact of metformin and insulin on lung cancer.

Methods:

A narrative review of all the relevant published literature known to the authors was conducted.
The references were identified by searching the Pubmed online database using the keywords
such as diabetes and lung cancer risk, diabetes and lung cancer survival rates, metformin
and lung cancer, insulin and lung cancer.

Results :

Although previous epidemiologic studies have failed to report any significant causal effect
of diabetes on lung cancer risk, recent evidence from 2 large scale meta-analyses of observational
studies and other studies showed a statistically significant correlation between nonsmoker diabetics
and lung cancer risk (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20; I2 = 46.1% and RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.20;
I2 = 0%). Recent evidence has shown that metformin is related to a lower risk of lung cancer incidence
among never-smokers diabetic patients (HR, 0.57;95% CI, 0.33-0.99) and improved overall
survival rates (HR=0.77, 95%CI=0.66-0.9, P=0.001) regardless of the histological type of lung cancer.
On the other hand, a recently published large population-based retrospective cohort study has
concluded that human insulin is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (HR 1.545, 95%
CI: 1.478-1.614). Interestingly, metformin has been reported to have an anti-resistant effect on
lung cancer patients who are on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, offering
some protection against resistance to therapy.

Conclusion:

Published evidence shows that diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk
of lung cancer and worse survival rates. Metformin plays a protective role in lung cancer pathogenesis
and is also associated with prolonged progression-free survival in lung cancer patients with diabetes.
There is a significant association between human insulin use and lung cancer risk. More randomized
controlled studies are required to establish the positive association of diabetes and anti-diabetic
drugs with lung cancer, taking into further consideration gender and lung cancer pathology as
well as possible confounders such as smoking habits that can influence the results of these studies.
Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Cancer of the Breast Presenting with Orbital
Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Arslan Aydan , Yılmaz Ebru , Güldoğan Nilgün , Civan Ceyda
Published: September 2021

Background:

Orbital metastasis of breast cancer is an unusual condition, especially in
the absence of a previous diagnosis of primary breast cancer. The main MRI findings in patients
with orbital metastasis are retroorbital soft tissue with thickening of extraocular muscles. Paradoxical
enophthalmos secondary to fibrosis can be seen.

Case Report:

In this case report, we present a 75-year-old female patient with left eye pain and
blurred vision and retraction. Although there was no evidence of malignancy in the biopsy of the orbita;
since the patient's complaints continued despite idiopathic pseudotumor treatment, mammography
was recommended to rule out the possibility of breast cancer metastasis. Her mammography revealed
a suspicious lesion in the left breast and proved to be pleomorphic invasive lobular cancer.

Conclusion:

Breast cancer metastasis should be kept in mind in women with pseudotumor -like the
involvement of the orbita.
Effective Connectivity Between the Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Precuneus
Differentiates Major Psychiatric Disorders: Results from a Transdiagnostic
Spectral DCM Study
Authors: Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Kandilarova Sevdalina , Aryutova Katrin , Paunova Rossitsa , Mantarkov Mladen , Mitrev Ivo , Todeva-Radneva Anna , Specht Karsten
Published: September 2021

Background & Objective:

We have previously identified aberrant connectivity of the
left precuneus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula in patients
with either a paranoid (schizophrenia), or a depressive syndrome (both unipolar and bipolar).
In the current study, we attempted to replicate and expand these findings by including a healthy
control sample and separating the patients in a depressive episode into two groups: unipolar and
bipolar depression. We hypothesized that the connections between those major nodes of the resting
state networks would demonstrate different patterns in the three patient groups compared to the
healthy subjects.

Method:

Resting-state functional MRI was performed on a sample of 101 participants, of which
26 patients with schizophrenia (current psychotic episodes), 24 subjects with Bipolar Disorder (BD),
33 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (both BD and MDD patients were in a current depressive
episode), and 21 healthy controls. Spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling was used to calculate
the coupling values between eight regions of interest, including the anterior precuneus (PRC),
anterior hippocampus, anterior insula, angular gyrus, lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC), middle
frontal gyrus, planum temporale, and anterior thalamus.

Results & Conclusion:

We identified disturbed effective connectivity from the left lateral orbitofrontal
cortex to the left anterior precuneus that differed significantly between unipolar depression,
where the influence was inhibitory, and bipolar depression, where the effect was excitatory. A
logistic regression analysis correctly classified 75% of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression
based solely on the coupling values of this connection. In addition, patients with schizophrenia
demonstrated negative effective connectivity from the anterior PRC to the lateral OFC, which
distinguished them from healthy controls and patients with major depression. Future studies with
unmedicated patients will be needed to establish the replicability of our findings.
Probiotic Properties of a Spaceflight-induced Mutant Lactobacillus Plant-
arum SS18-50 in Mice
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Tiehua , Hao Hongwei , Zhang Hongxing , Ye Haiqing , Zhao Changhui
Published: September 2021

Background:

Probiotics are a group of bacteria that play a critical role in intestinal microbiota
homeostasis and may help adjunctively treat certain diseases like metabolic and immune
disorders.

Objective:

We recently generated a space-flight mutated Lactobacillus plantarum SS18-50 with
good in vitro probiotic characteristics. In the current research, we designed two in vivo experiments
to evaluate whether L. plantarum SS18-50 had the ability to increase beneficial gut bacteria, regulate
oxidative status and ameliorate inflammation in mice.

Methods:

Experiments I: the ICR mice were gavaged with L. plantarum SS18-50 or its wild type
L. plantarum GS18 at 107 or 109 CFU/kg BW daily for one month, during which the body weight
was recorded weekly. The feces were collected to determine the abundance of two main beneficial
bacterial groups including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium by selective culturing, while the total
triglycerides and cholesterols in sera were determined using commercial kits. Experiment II: the
mice were gavaged with loperamide hydrochloride (Lop) to develop oxidative stress and inflammation
phenotypes. At the same time, the experimental mice were gavaged with L. plantarum
SS18-50 or wild type L. plantarum GS18 at 107 or 109 CFU/kg BW daily for one month. At the end
of the experiment, oxidative indicators (SOD and MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and
IL-10) were measured by commercial kits.

Results:

Results showed that L. plantarum SS18-50 increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and
Bifidobacterium in mice after one month’s administration. L. plantarum SS18-50 also showed the
anti-oxidant activity by increasing SOD and decreasing MDA and exerted the anti-inflammatory effect
by increasing IL-10 and decreasing IL-17A in Lop treated mice. Both the wild type stain and
the space mutant had such biomedical effects, but L. plantarum SS18-50 was better in increasing
gut beneficial bacteria and oxidative regulation than the wild type (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

We conclude that L. plantarum SS18-50 has a great potential to serve as a dietary
functional probiotic supplement and/or adjunctive treatment strategy.
Key miRNAs in Modulating Aging and Longevity: A Focus on Signaling
Pathways and Cellular Targets
Authors: Zia Aliabbas , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Sahebdel Faezeh , Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: September 2021

:

Aging is a multifactorial process accompanied by gradual deterioration of most biological
procedures of cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally
regulate the expression of mRNAs through sequence-specific binding, contributing to
many crucial aspects of cell biology. Several miRNAs are expressed differently in various organisms
through aging. The function of miRNAs in modulating aging procedures has been disclosed
recently with the detection of miRNAs that modulate longevity in the invertebrate model organisms
through the IIS pathway. In these model organisms, several miRNAs have been detected
to both negatively and positively regulate lifespan via commonly aging pathways. miRNAs modulate
age-related procedures and disorders in different mammalian tissues by measuring their tissue-
specific expression in older and younger counterparts, including heart, skin, bone, brain, and
muscle tissues. Moreover, several miRNAs have contributed to modulating senescence in different
human cells, and the roles of these miRNAs in modulating cellular senescence have allowed illustrating
some mechanisms of aging. The review discusses the available data on the role of miRNAs
in the aging process, and the roles of miRNAs as aging biomarkers and regulators of longevity in
cellular senescence, tissue aging, and organism lifespan have been highlighted.
Bactrospora totonacae (Arthoniales, Ascomycota), una nueva especie de Veracruz, México
Authors: Guzmán-Guillermo Jorge , Sorcia-Navarrete Paola L. , Llarena-Hernández Régulo C. , Cárdenas-Mendoza Kevin Dorian R.
Published: September 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Bactrospora es un género de líquenes costrosos que se caracteriza por el color negro, aspecto verrucoso a denticulado y pequeño de sus apotecios, posee esporas mayoritariamente aciculares y en ocasiones muriformes, pero siempre más largas que anchas. El género está representado por 38 especies aceptadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir Bactrospora totonacae, una especie nueva del bosque tropical seco de Veracruz, México.Métodos: Los especímenes fueron recolectados en el “Cerro de los Metates”, municipio Actopan, Veracruz, México. Se realizaron pruebas macroquímicas, reacción UV y cromatografía en capa fina; asimismo, con la solución de Lugol se verificó la presencia de sustancias amiloides distribuidas en el talo y el ascoma. Las muestras estudiadas se depositaron en el herbario XALU de la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad Veracruzana.Resultados clave: La nueva especie Bactrospora totonacae se caracteriza por presentar pruina K + magenta rojizo en el disco.
Conclusiones: La especie que se describe en Bactrospora es única porque la combinación de pruina K + magenta rojizo y un excípulo carbonizado y grueso no había sido reportada en alguna otra especie de este género.
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CITY SELF-GOVERNMENTS OF THE EKATERINOSLAV PROVINCE (1870 – 1913)
Authors: Korobka Vadym , Korobka Yulia
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the importance of administrative supervision over city self-governments in the Ekaterinoslav Province (1870-1913). Their social orientation has been established. Expenses provided a priority increase in expenditures on schooling and medi-cine, veterinary and sanitary units. State control institutions generally did not interfere with the budget policy of municipal self-government institutions and its humanitarian component, although misunderstandings sometimes arose.It has been revealed that the implementation of state control over public administrations in the Ekaterinoslav Province often faced the aspirations of self-government bodies in secondary issues of municipal organization which were incompatible with the law in the opinion of its hosts. Disputes arose mostly on the basis of different understandings of the rules of sale and purchase of goods, measures to regulate traffic on city streets etc.It has been confirmed that in exercising their powers in the field of control over the comp-liance with the law by city self-governments, state institutions of the provincial level some-times showed inappropriate competence in the field of interpretation of imperial legislation, which resulted in erroneous decisions. Certain decisions of public administrations of cities also sometimes violated imperial law and were subject to unconditional termination or revocation.It has been proved that the public administrations of the Province widely used the legally regulated opportunity to defend their decisions in the Senate. The specific Senate cases started in connection with the supervision over the legality of decisions of city self-governments and the provincial presence for the zemstvo and city affairs give the impression that they were considered on the basis of a qualified verification of compliance with imperial law.It has been established the administrative control was implemented slowly, and formula-tions of thoughts on appealing the decisions of the Provincial Presence were deprived of speed and efficiency. The provincial zemstvo sinned against evading operative decisions. At the same time, there was a dishonest delay in the circulation of documents in all parts of public administ¬ration and local self-government.
Влияние латерального оптического ограничения на характеристики вертикально-излучающих лазеров cпектрального диапазона 1.55 μm с заращенным туннельным переходом
Authors: Блохин С.А. , Бобров М.А. , Блохин А.А. , Малеев Н.А. , Кузьменков А.Г. , Васильев А.П. , Рочас С.С. , Бабичев А.В. , Новиков И.И. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Гладышев А.Г. , Денисов Д.В. , Воропаев К.O. , Егоров А.Ю. , Устинов В.М.
Published: September 2021

The impact of transverse optical confinement on the static and spectral characteristics of 1.55 µm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (WF-VCSEL) with a buried tunnel junction (BTJ) n++-InGaAs/р++-InAs/р++-InAlGaAs, implemented using molecular-beam epitaxy and wafer fusion. For lasers with a tunnel junction (TJ) etching depth of ~ 15 nm, it was found that the single-mode lasing occurs up to 8 μm BTJ mesa size due to a relatively weak lateral optical confinement, while the effect of a saturable absorber (SA) appears when the BTJ mesa size is less than 7 µm. Enhancing lateral optical confinement by increasing the BTJ etching depth up to ~ 20 nm leads to suppression of the SA effect at the BTJ mesa size of 5–6 µm, but at the same time limits the maximum single-mode optical power. According to the results of the analysis, an increase in the spectral mismatch between the maximum of the gain spectrum of the active region and the resonance wavelength of the WF-VCSEL up to ~35-50 nm will make it possible to suppress the undesirable SA effect in a wide range of the BTJ mesa sizes maintaining the single-mode lasing.