bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of the Antidepressant Amitriptyline Using a Functionalised Graphene‐Based Sensor
Authors: Boroujerdi Ramin , Abdelkader Amor , Paul Richard
Published: July 2022

The accurate measurement of drug concentration in patient samples is vital and is often conducted using point of care devices for therapeutic drug monitoring and other clinical activities. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials provide an opportunity to develop miniaturized, affordable and accurate drug sensors, with the promise of developing point of care tests, which are more convenient compared to current techniques that often require advanced instrumentation and laboratory tests. Here we present a reduced graphene oxide‐based electrochemical sensor that permits precise measurements of amitriptyline, a well‐known anti‐depressant. The sensor uses functionalised graphene where amitriptyline selective receptors directly attached to the carbon atoms on the surface of the graphene through diels‐alder reaction. The simplicity of the functionalisation procedure along with a tunable receptor used in this study implies that the same method can be used for developing similar selective sensors, simply by changing the small functional groups attached to the receptor molecule. The electrochemical characteristics of the functionalised graphene were studied with cyclic voltammetry, where the sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, responding only to amitriptyline when tested against closely related tricyclic antidepressants and a range of other psychoactive drugs. The sensor displayed a wider linear range from 1 ng/mL to 80 μg/mL, which covers the concentration range for amitriptyline studied in therapeutic, pharmaceutical, and forensic investigations. The limit of detection of the developed sensor was 1 ng/ml which competes with the detection limit of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry investigated in this study.
Trainability and Accuracy of Artificial Neural Networks: An Interacting Particle System Approach
Authors: Rotskoff Grant , Vanden‐Eijnden Eric
Published: July 2022

Neural networks, a central tool in machine learning, have demonstrated remarkable, high fidelity performance on image recognition and classification tasks. These successes evince an ability to accurately represent high‐dimensional functions, but rigorous results about the approximation error of neural networks after training are few. Here we establish conditions for global convergence of the standard optimization algorithm used in machine learning applications, stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and quantifying the scaling of its error with the size of the network. This is done by reinterpreting SGD as the evolution of a particle system with interactions governed by a potential related to the objective or “loss” function used to train the network. We show that, when the number n of units is large, the empirical distribution of the particles descends on a convex landscape towards the global minimum at a rate independent of n, with a resulting approximation error that universally scales as O(n−1). These properties are established in the form of a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for the empirical distribution. Our analysis also quantifies the scale and nature of the noise introduced by SGD and provides guidelines for the step size and batch size to use when training a neural network. We illustrate our findings on examples in which we train neural networks to learn the energy function of the continuous 3‐spin model on the sphere. The approximation error scales as our analysis predicts in as high a dimension as d = 25. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A systematic review on machine learning algorithms used for forecasting lake‐water level fluctuations
Authors: Sannasi Chakravarthy S. R. , Bharanidharan N. , Rajaguru Harikumar
Published: July 2022

Globally, the water‐level fluctuations in lakes are a dynamic and complex process. The fluctuation is characterized by higher non‐linearity and stochasticity, making it quite hard to forecast for future planning. However, the advent of machine learning algorithms in recent decades provides significant improvement in forecasting such fluctuations. This work provides a systematic review of the machine learning algorithms (ML) used for characterizing lake‐water level dynamics. Among those ML algorithms, the paper reviews seven distinct as well as popular algorithms namely, neural network model, support vector machines, extreme learning machine, artificial neuro‐fuzzy inference systems, evolutionary and hybrid algorithms, and deep learning models. The sample inputs, splitting of data, performance metrics, and its comparison are discussed with future scope. Moreover, the strength and limitations of those algorithms are also examined. Finally, the review in this paper gives a newer vision for water resource planners and hydrologists for sustainable lake management.
Flexible design method for multiple loads inductive power transfer system with equal power distribution
Authors: Wang Dashan , Qian Libo , Cui Kexue , Li Yongyuan
Published: July 2022

An inductive power transfer (IPT) system for powering multiple sensor nodes placed at various distances is proposed, in which the relay coil not only performs as a power relay to enhance the magnetic field along the power transfer route but also supplies energy to the local load. Based on Kirchhoff's law, the equivalent circuit model of the multi‐load IPT system is established, and the relationship between power distribution and mutual inductance of adjacent coils is investigated. Aiming at practical applications, a flexible design method for the adjacent coil distance is proposed to adjust the mutual inductance and regulate the power distribution. Experimental results show that the equal power distribution is achieved for five loads across a transfer distance of 60.9 cm. Each load dissipates about 0.78 W with a power variation within 6.3%. The results indicate the feasibility of the proposed design method in the multiple‐load wireless sensor network (WSN) applications.
Spindle cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma: An extremely unusual case and review of the literature
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Florianova Livia , Payne Richard , Baloch Zubair W.
Published: July 2022

Spindle cell proliferations originating in follicular derived thyroid neoplasms are rare and known to cause diagnostic conundrums. We describe a unique case of a spindle cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in a 48‐year‐old female without relevant past medical history, who was being followed for a 1.4 cm left thyroid nodule for the past 15 months. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the nodule was interpreted as benign (Bethesda II). On follow‐up ultrasound the nodule demonstrated a slight increase in size (to 1.5 cm) and the appearance of coarse calcifications A repeat FNA was performed 12 months later and interpreted as malignant neoplasm (Bethesda VI), containing a population of spindle and epithelioid cells that could not be further classified. A left subtotal thyroidectomy showed an encapsulated tumor mainly composed of fibroblast‐like spindle cells, extensive foci of calcifications and focal ossification, with minimal tumor capsule invasion without vascular invasion. Tumor cells expressed vimentin, ERG and SMA (focal), while being negative for pancytokeratin, thyroglobulin, TTF‐1, Pax‐8, calcitonin, CEA and other lineage‐specific mesenchymal, neuroendocrine and melanocytic markers. Importantly, a few residual thyroid follicles were identified within the nodule, and a diagnosis of minimally invasive FTC with extensive spindle cell changes, calcification and osseous metaplasia was rendered. This is only the second cytologic report of a pure spindle cell FTC. The rarity of this neoplasm and its potential broad differential diagnosis create diagnostic difficulties both on cytology and histology.
Prss29 Cre recombinase mice are useful to study adult uterine gland function
Authors: Kelleher Andrew M. , Allen Carolyn C. , Davis Daniel J. , Spencer Thomas E.
Published: July 2022

All mammalian uteri contain glands in their endometrium that develop only or primarily after birth. In mice, those endometrial glands govern post implantation pregnancy establishment via regulation of blastocyst implantation, stromal cell decidualization, and placental development. Here, we describe a new uterine glandular epithelium (GE) specific Cre recombinase mouse line that is useful for the study of uterine gland function during pregnancy. Utilizing CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing, Cre recombinase was inserted into the endogenous serine protease 29 precursor (Prss29) gene. Both Prss29 mRNA and Cre recombinase activity was specific to the GE of the mouse uterus following implantation, but was absent from other areas of the female reproductive tract. Next, Prss29‐Cre mice were crossed with floxed forkhead box A2 (Foxa2) mice to conditionally delete Foxa2 specifically in the endometrial glands. Foxa2 was absent in the glands of the post‐implantation uterus, and Foxa2 deleted mice exhibited complete infertility after their first pregnancy. These results establish that Prss29‐Cre mice are a valuable resource to elucidate and explore the functions of glands in the adult uterus.
Adolescent and emerging adult perceptions of eating disorder severity and stigma
Authors: Rose Kelsey L. , Negrete Christina E. , Sellinger Gina , Chang Tammy , Sonneville Kendrin R.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Eating disorders are one of the deadliest mental health conditions, yet most individuals with eating disorders never receive treatment. Previous research has explored barriers to treatment among individuals diagnosed with eating disorders, but little is known about general adolescent and emerging adult perceptions of eating disorders, as compared to other mental health illnesses, a population at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder, and a population that may be important sources of information or support for peers.

Method

A sample of adolescents and emerging adults aged 14–24 years (mean age 19 years) from MyVoice, a national text‐message‐based cohort (53% female, 38% male, 9% other, race/ethnicity 63% White, 10% Black or African American, 13% Asian, 9% Mixed Race, and 5% Other) provided open‐ended responses to questions on the severity of eating disorders as compared to other mental health diagnoses, others' perceptions of eating disorders and potential treatment barriers. Responses were collected using a secure online platform and analyzed using content analysis.

Results

Among respondents (n = 792/1283), 91% felt that eating disorders were a mental health condition and 65% felt that eating disorders were as serious as other mental health conditions, while 21% said they were more serious than other mental health conditions. Responses to questions related to perception and barriers illustrated that beliefs of eating disorders involve blame, stigma, and overall lack of understanding.

Discussion

Findings from this study illustrate that there is a lack of understanding around eating disorders that could be addressed in youth‐focused initiatives.

Public Significance

Adolescents and emerging adults understand that eating disorders are severe mental illnesses that are not taken seriously by others, especially in comparison with other mental health diagnoses. Adolescents and emerging adults report that individuals with eating disorders are blamed for their condition and face shame and stigma. The lack of understanding around eating disorders should be addressed in youth‐focused prevention initiatives.
Safety and efficacy of istaroxime in patients with acute heart failure‐related pre‐cardiogenic shock – a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study (SEISMiC)
Authors: Metra Marco , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Filippatos Gerasimos , Mebazaa Alexandre , Novosadova Maria , Ponikowski Piotr , Simmons Phillip , Soffer Joseph , Simonson Steven
Published: July 2022

Aims

We examined the effects of istaroxime in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) related Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stage B pre‐cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods and results

Sixty patients with AHF without acute myocardial infarction with pre‐CS, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg without hypoperfusion, venous lactate ≥2 mmol/L and/or mechanical or inotropic support, were randomized to istaroxime 1.0–1.5 μg/kg/min or placebo for 24 h. The primary endpoint, the adjusted area under the curve (AUC) change in SBP from time of treatment to 6 h, was 53.1 (standard error [SE] 6.88) mmHg × hour versus 30.9 (SE 6.76) mmHg × hour with istaroxime versus placebo (p = 0.017). Adjusted SBP AUC at 24 h was 291.2 (SE 27.5) versus 208.7 (SE 27.0) mmHg × hour (p = 0.025). At 24 h, some echocardiographic measurements improved with istaroxime versus placebo including cardiac index (+0.21 L/min/m2; p = 0.016), left atrial area (−1.8 cm2; p = 0.008), and left ventricular end‐systolic volume (−12.0 ml; p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in pulse pressure, laboratory measurements, serious adverse events or adverse events between the treatment groups except for more nausea, vomiting and infusion site pain in the istaroxime‐treated patients. In a post‐hoc analysis, patients receiving ≤1.0 μg/kg/min versus 1.5 μg/kg/min had similar increase in blood pressure, but a trend towards less adverse events.

Conclusion

In a phase 2a study of patients with AHF related pre‐CS, istaroxime improved blood pressure and some echocardiography measures related to heart failure and was well tolerated.
Bumblebees can be Exposed to the Herbicide Glyphosate when Foraging
Authors: Thompson Linzi J. , Smith Stephen , Stout Jane C. , White Blánaid , Zioga Elena , Stanley Dara A.
Published: July 2022

Herbicides are the most widely used pesticides globally. Although used to control weeds, they may also pose a risk to bee health. A key knowledge gap is how bees could be exposed to herbicides in the environment, including whether they may forage on treated plants before they die. We used a choice test to determine if bumblebees would forage on plants treated with glyphosate at two time periods after treatment. We also determined whether glyphosate and its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid were present as residues in the pollen collected by the bees while foraging. Finally, we explored if floral resources (nectar and pollen) remained present in plants after herbicide treatment. In general bees indiscriminately foraged on both plants treated with glyphosate and controls, showing no avoidance of treated plants. Although the time spent on individual flowers was slightly lower on glyphosate treated plants, this did not affect the bees' choice overall. We found that floral resources remained present in plants for at least 5 days after lethal treatment with glyphosate and that glyphosate residues were present in pollen for at least 70 h posttreatment. Our results suggest that bees could be exposed to herbicide in the environment, both topically and orally, by foraging on plants in the period between herbicide treatment and death. Identifying this route of exposure is a first step in understanding the risks of herbicides to bees. The effects of herbicides on bees themselves are uncertain and warrant further investigation to allow full risk assessment of these compounds to pollinating insects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2603–2612. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Using preschoolers to improve caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and practices relating to biofortified crops: Evidence from a randomized nutrition education trial in Kenya
Authors: Ojwang’ Sylvester Okoth , Okello Julius Juma , Otieno David Jakinda , Nyikal Rose Adhiambo , Muoki Penina Ngusye
Published: July 2022

This 2018 randomized controlled trial examined the role behavioral nudges can play in improving caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) relating to biofortified orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP). The experiment involved 431 preschooler–caregiver pairs in 15 villages. The preschoolers were enrolled in public‐run Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE) centers in the respective villages. Caregivers were first exposed to the routine OFSP promotion activities in the area – invited to cooking demonstration workshops and issued with free OFSP vines to plant. A baseline survey followed. Next, the 15 villages were randomized into four study groups (a control and three treatments). The interventions were deployed for 30 days as follows: Treatment 1 – preschoolers issued OFSP‐branded exercise books, class posters, and poems; Treatment 2 – caregivers received phone‐mediated text messages; and Treatment 3 – received the full suite of interventions. This study analyzed the endline and baseline data and finds that, in general, changes in KAP scores were negatively associated with control group (p = .005) and positively associated with Treatment 3 (p = .02). Specifically, Treatment 3 significantly increased caregivers' knowledge of OFSP production, consumption, and vitamin A. Treatment 2 significantly improved their attitude too. It concludes that an integrated complementary nutrition education approach targeting preschooler–caregiver pairs is more effective in increasing knowledge of cultivation and consumption of OFSP. It discusses the implications for the design of more effective nutrition programs targeting households with preschoolers to accelerate the fight against vitamin A deficiency (VAD).
Total saponins from quinoa bran alleviate high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and systemic inflammation via regulation of gut microbiota in rats
Authors: Li Wei , Song Yu , Cao Ya‐Nan , Zhang Le‐Le , Zhao Gang , Wu Ding‐Tao , Zou Liang
Published: July 2022

In recent years, biologically active ingredients derived from natural plants or functional foods have raised considerable interests for its anti‐obesity effect. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a traditional staple food in the Andean regions of Peru which contains a variety of bioactive components. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of total saponins extracted from quinoa bran (TSQ) on obese rats and explore whether the underlying mechanism is related to intestinal microbiota. Results showed that TSQ could decrease the body weight gain and visceral fat accumulation in the obese rats. Moreover, trends in ameliorating insulin resistance and improved glucose tolerance were observed. Indeed, Pearson's correlations analysis revealed that the variation in gut microbial composition was highly correlated to insulin resistance, IL‐6, and LPS levels. Collectively, these results suggest that the prevention of obesity and inflammation by TSQ may be mediated by the modulation of gut microbial composition.
Lactobacillus johnsonii 6084 alleviated sepsis‐induced organ injury by modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Han Shichao , Zheng Haotian , Han Fu , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Geng , Ma Shuaijun , Liu Kepu , Qin Weijun , Wu Gaofeng
Published: July 2022

Sepsis is a public cause of death in intensive care unit patients. Probiotics were widely used to increase the survival rate of sepsis by a series of clinical research. The purpose of this research was to investigate the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii 6084 in septic mice. Sepsis mouse model was induced by LPS treatment. The influence of L. johnsonii 6084 on the protection of organ injury induced by sepsis was explored. Moreover, the composition of gut microbiota was studied to clarify the mechanism of L. johnsonii 6084 therapeutic effect on sepsis. L. johnsonii 6084 treatment could conspicuously decrease the mortality and organ injury of sepsis. The reduction of gut microbial diversity and richness in septic mice were moderated by the administration of 6084. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were change by LPS treatment while restored by L. johnsonii 6084. To conclude, probiotic 6084 may has optimistic result on reducing mortality of sepsis through rebalancing gut microbiota.
Development of active edible coatings based on fish gelatin enriched with Moringa oleifera extract: Application in fish (Mustelus mustelus) fillet preservation
Authors: Mezhoudi Maram , Salem Ali , Abdelhedi Ola , Fakhfakh Nahed , Mabrouk Mahmoud , Khorchani Touhami , Debeaufort Frederic , Jridi Mourad , Zouari Nacim
Published: July 2022

An edible coating was developed using gelatin extracted from the skin of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) and applied to the fillet of the smooth‐hound shark (Mustelus mustelus). Moringa oleifera leaf extract was added to gelatin coating solution to improve its preservative properties. The phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of M. oleifera extracts were determined. Phenolic acids constituted the largest group representing more than 77% of the total compounds identified in the ethanol/water (MOE/W) extract, among which the quinic acid was found to be the major one (31.48 mg/g extract). The MOE/W extract presented the highest DPPH• scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.02 mg/ml) and reducing (Fe3+) power (EC0.5 = 0.57 ± 0.02 mg/ml), as well as interesting inhibition zones (20–35 mm) for the most tested strains. Coating by 3% of gelatin solution significantly reduced most deterioration indices during chilled storage, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), weight loss, pH, and mesophilic, psychrophilic, lactic, and H2S‐producing bacterial counts. Interestingly, coating with gelatin solution containing MOE/W extract at 20 μg/ml was more effective than gelatin applied alone. Compared with the uncoated sample, gelatin‐MOE/W coating reduced the weight loss and MDA content by 26% and 70% after 6 days of storage, respectively. Texture analysis showed that the strength of uncoated fillet increased by 46%, while the strength of fillet coated with gelatin‐MOE/W only increased by 12% after 6 days of storage. Fish fillet coated with gelatin‐MOE/W had the highest sensory scores in terms of odor, color, and overall acceptability throughout the study period.
Stratigraphic and chronological characteristics of Shidao Island within the Xisha Islands, South China Sea, and its response to sea‐level changes since the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Wang Yuzhe , Qiu Longwei , Xu Hong , Dong Daotao , Yang Baoliang , Khan Danish , Fu Heping , Su Yarui , Liu Xiantong
Published: July 2022

Sedimentological and chronological analyses of coastal dunes can determine their sedimentation processes and yield information that can reflect changes in local marine environments (e.g., information on climate, biology, and sea‐level changes in tectonically stable areas). In this study, Late Quaternary deposits on Shidao Island, one of the Xisha Islands, South China Sea, were analysed using techniques such as U/Th dating to obtain the following results: (1) Four lithofacies associations and two unconformities were identified from the deposits on Shidao Island. On this basis, the Shidao Island sediments can be divided into three stages of aeolian sediments and one stage of beach rock sediments. (2) U/Th dating revealed that the aeolian deposits on Shidao Island formed during three periods, namely, marine isotope stages 5.2, 5.1, and 4, and that the beachrocks were formed in the Holocene when the sea level rose to its present height. (3) The aeolianites on Shidao Island all formed in an environment in which the sea level was relatively stable or slowly falling. This study determined for the first time the specific sedimentary ages of the aeolianites on Shidao Island, and reconstructed the sedimentation process of the deposits on Shidao Island based on palaeo‐sea‐level changes. These results can provide more reliable geochronology data for the future study of Late Quaternary marine environments across the East Asian region.
Loss of exosomal miR‐34c‐5p in cancer‐associated fibroblast for the maintenance of stem‐like phenotypes of laryngeal cancer cells
Authors: Wang Mei , Zhuoma Ciwang , Liu Xiaojin , Huang Qiang , Cai Guoyu , Sang Ge , Zhou Liang , Du Huaidong , Wu Chunping
Published: July 2022

Background

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) reconstitute cancer stemness. This study aims to investigate whether the loss of CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐34c‐5p contributes to the maintenance of stem‐like properties of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Methods

Exosomes from primarily cultured CAFs and paired normal fibroblasts (NFs) were collected and identified. The differential expression of exosomal miR‐34c‐5p between CAFs and NFs was detected by next‐generation sequencing. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the effects of miR‐34c‐5p on the maintenance of stem‐like properties.

Results

MiR‐34c‐5p expression is significantly reduced in CAF‐derived exosomes. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that exosomal miR‐34c‐5p can regulate the stem‐like properties of LSCC cells, such as proliferation, invasion, sphere and plate colony formation, chemoresistance, tumorigenicity in nude mice, as well as the expression of cancer stem cell genes.

Conclusions

Loss of miR‐34c‐5p in CAF‐derived exosomes contributes to the maintenance of stem‐like phenotypes of LSCC.
Rhesus rotavirus receptor‐binding site affects high mobility group box 1 release, altering the pathogenesis of experimental biliary atresia
Authors: Mohanty Sujit K. , Donnelly Bryan , Temple Haley , Mowery Sarah , Poling Holly M. , Meller Jaroslaw , Malik Astha , McNeal Monica , Tiao Greg
Published: July 2022

Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal inflammatory cholangiopathy that requires surgical intervention by Kasai portoenterostomy to restore biliary drainage. Even with successful portoenterostomy, most patients diagnosed with BA progress to end‐stage liver disease, necessitating a liver transplantation for survival. In the murine model of BA, rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection of neonatal mice induces an inflammatory obstructive cholangiopathy that parallels human BA. The model is triggered by RRV viral protein (VP)4 binding to cholangiocyte cell‐surface proteins. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a danger‐associated molecular pattern that when released extracellularly moderates innate and adaptive immune response. In this study, we investigated how mutations in three RRV VP4‐binding sites, RRVVP4‐K187R (sialic acid‐binding site), RRVVP4‐D308A (integrin α2β1‐binding site), and RRVVP4‐R446G (heat shock cognate 70 [Hsc70]‐binding site), affects infection, HMGB1 release, and the murine model of BA. Newborn pups injected with RRVVP4‐K187R and RRVVP4‐D308A developed an obstruction within the extrahepatic bile duct similar to wild‐type RRV, while those infected with RRVVP4‐R446G remained patent. Infection with RRVVP4‐R446G induced a lower level of HMGB1 release from cholangiocytes and in the serum of infected pups. RRV infection of HeLa cells lacking Hsc70 resulted in no HMGB1 release, while transfection with wild‐type Hsc70 into HeLa Hsc70‐deficient cells reestablished HMGB1 release, indicating a mechanistic role for Hsc70 in its release. Conclusion: Binding to Hsc70 contributes to HMGB1 release; therefore, Hsc70 potentially serves as a therapeutic target for BA.
Introduction to endodontic diseases and their treatment in companion animals
Authors: McFadzean Annabel
Published: July 2022

Background: Endodontically diseased teeth are a common finding in clinical practice, with treatment depending on the duration of the injury, the stage of development of the tooth, and the type of tooth. Endodontic therapy eliminates oral pain and retains tooth functionality, and has decreased surgical complications compared to extraction. It is important that practitioners are aware of this therapy and can advise clients on why their pet's teeth should be treated and the treatment options available.

Aim of the article: This article reviews the endodontic anatomy of a tooth, and discusses different types of endodontic procedures, as well as their indications in companion animal practice. This will enable a deeper understanding of this specific dental pathology and help you to communicate the significance of treating these conditions to the client.
Label‐free laser spectroscopy for respiratory virus detection: A review
Authors: Kistenev Yury V. , Das Anubhab , Mazumder Nirmal , Cherkasova Olga P. , Knyazkova Anastasia I. , Shkurinov Alexander P. , Tuchin Valery V. , Lednev Igor K.
Published: July 2022

Infectious diseases are among the most severe threats to modern society. Current methods of virus infection detection based on genome tests need reagents and specialized laboratories. The desired characteristics of new virus detection methods are noninvasiveness, simplicity of implementation, real‐time, low cost and label‐free detection. There are two groups of methods for molecular biomarkers' detection and analysis: (i) a sample physical separation into individual molecular components and their identification, and (ii) sample content analysis by laser spectroscopy. Variations in the spectral data are typically minor. It requires the use of sophisticated analytical methods like machine learning. This review examines the current technological level of laser spectroscopy and machine learning methods in applications for virus infection detection.
Concordance of B‐ and T‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, irrespective of symptoms suggestive of COVID‐19
Authors: Österdahl Marc F. , Christakou Eleni , Hart Deborah , Harris Ffion , Shahrabi Yasaman , Pollock Emily , Wadud Muntaha , Spector Tim D. , Brown Matthew A. , Seow Jeffrey , Malim Michael H. , Steves Claire J. , Doores Katie J. , Duncan Emma L. , Tree Timothy
Published: July 2022

This study assessed T‐cell responses in individuals with and without a positive antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2, in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants were drawn from the TwinsUK cohort, grouped by (a) presence or absence of COVID‐associated symptoms (S+, S−), logged prospectively through the COVID Symptom Study app, and (b) anti‐IgG Spike and anti‐IgG Nucleocapsid antibodies measured by ELISA (Ab+, Ab−), during the first wave of the UK pandemic. T‐cell helper and regulatory responses after stimulation with SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides were assessed. Thirty‐two participants were included in the final analysis. Fourteen of 15 with IgG Spike antibodies had a T‐cell response to SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific peptides; none of 17 participants without IgG Spike antibodies had a T‐cell response (χ2: 28.2, p < 0.001). Quantitative T‐cell responses correlated strongly with fold‐change in IgG Spike antibody titer (ρ = 0.79, p < 0.0001) but not to symptom score (ρ = 0.17, p = 0.35). Humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 are highly correlated. We found no evidence of cellular immunity suggestive of SARS‐CoV2 infection in individuals with a COVID‐19‐like illness but negative antibodies.
Rerupture and wound complications following Achilles tendon repair: A systematic review
Authors: Shoap Seth , Backer Henrik C. , Freibott Christina E. , Ferrer Xavier E. , Polzer Hans , Turner Vosseller James
Published: July 2022

Despite the relatively high frequency of Achilles ruptures, there is no general consensus on the optimal treatment method. A general trend toward more patients being treated nonoperatively has emerged recently with the advent of functional rehabilitation. However, much of the recent data on this subject has been highly variable. This systematic review focused on Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) treatment outcomes, with a focus on rerupture and complication rates. This systematic review specifically focused on articles regarding ATR treatment that also included rerupture and complication rates. Treatments were divided into three categories: open minimally invasive, open standard, and nonoperative. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare complication and rerupture rates among pairs of treatment options, as well as between early weight bearing versus immobilization. There was significantly higher complications for minimally invasive compared to nonoperative treatment (risk ratio [RR] = 4.4154; p < 0.05), lower complication rates for minimally invasive compared to open treatment (RR = 0.3231; p < 0.05), and higher complications for open standard compared to nonoperative treatment (RR = 5.6350; p < 0.001). There were significantly lower rerupture rates in minimally invasive compared to nonoperative treatment (RR = 0.4085; p < 0.001), a significantly lower rerupture rate in nonoperative treatment compared to open treatment (RR = 0.2282; p < 0.001), and no significant difference in rerupture rates when comparing minimally invasive to open standard treatment. We found that operative treatment is associated with fewer reruptures and more complications than a nonoperative approach. Minimally invasive surgery appears to be associated with a lower rate of complications than open operative treatment.
Travelers' pro‐environmental behaviors in the Hyperloop context: Integrating norm activation and AIDA models
Authors: Kang Sung‐Eun
Published: July 2022

This study combines the Norm Activation model (NAM) with the Attention‐Interest‐Desire‐Action model (AIDA) to explain the effect of Hyperloop videos on potential travelers' pro‐environmental behaviors. Using PLS‐SEM, the study's results indicate that each construct of NAM (problem awareness, ascribed responsibility, and personal norm), together with attention, interest, and desire, explains 75% of the variance in pro‐environmental behavioral intentions. The study's findings also indicate that a promotional video can lead to a significant positive change in pro‐environmental travel behaviors and enhance potential travelers' intentions to use Hyperloop services as an eco‐friendly travel option. Furthermore, mediation analysis shows that desire is a strong mediator for connecting the two frameworks.
A laboratory examination of risky sexual behavior among female sexual trauma survivors
Authors: Mahoney Colin T. , Lawyer Steven R. , Pemberton Shelby E. , Marchant Kaitlyn M.
Published: July 2022

Sexual violence against women is highly prevalent on college campuses. Survivors of sexual violence often engage in coping strategies such as risky sexual behavior. The present study used a behavioral task to measure sexual risk‐taking following experiences of positive or negative affect and an emotion suppression experimental manipulation. Sexually active adult female undergraduates (N = 175) completed measures of sexual traumatization and affective experiences as well as an autobiographical recall task and a delay discounting task for hypothetical sexual outcomes. Half of the participants (n = 87) were asked to suppress their emotional response to the autobiographical recall task. The findings indicate that sexual traumatization had a significant effect on risky sexual decision‐making, F(1, 167) = 23.27, p < .001, ηp2 = .12, but affective condition, F(1, 167) = .57, p = .451, and emotion suppression, F(1, 167) = .69, p = .412, exhibited no significant associations with sexual risk‐taking. These findings suggest other factors may underlie the association between sexual trauma and risky sexual behavior, but further research is warranted.
Reversible Active Switching of Fano and Fabry–Pérot Resonances by Electrochromic Operation
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Yaowu , Zhang Taoyang , Zha Xiuling , Tang Xueqing , Mu Xinyang , Sun Peiyan , Song Ge , Cong Shan , Chen Qin , Zhao Zhigang
Published: July 2022

Resonances are ubiquitous in modern photonics, with the more familiar Fano and Fabry–Pérot resonators as key components of sophisticated optical devices with unique properties. However, the fundamental drawback of these devices is the difficulty in altering the resonance‐related features of the underlying optical structures postfabrication. This study investigates an active electrochromic tungsten oxide (WO3)‐based reconfigurable photonic structure with reversible switching between the Fano and Fabry–Pérot (F–P) resonances. This remarkable resonance switching occurs as a result of a change in the WO3 film optical indices (n, k) via Li+ intercalation/deintercalation, which can be inferred from the spectral response or dynamic reflected colors. When the bottom Ag layer's thickness is decreased from 130 to 10 nm, a semitransparent structure with unique optical properties emerges. The F–P resonant structure reflects and transmits different colors before Li+ intercalation, while the Fano resonant structure reflects and transmits the same color after Li+ intercalation. Along with these unique optical properties, a trans‐reflective filter and beam splitter filter are also developed based on the reversible electrochromism of a fixed optical configuration.
Advanced Multifunctional Wound Dressing Hydrogels as Drug Carriers
Authors: Farokhi Mehdi , Mottaghitalab Fatemeh , Babaluei Mercedeh , Mojarab Yasamin , Kundu Subhas C.
Published: July 2022

Skin injuries, especially chronic wounds, remain a significant healthcare system problem. The number of burns, diabetic patients, pressure ulcers, and other damages is also growing, particularly in elderly populations. Several investigations are pursued in designing more effective therapeutics for treating different wound injuries. These efforts have resulted in developing multifunctional wound dressings to improve wound repair. For this, preparing multifunctional dressings using various methods has provided a new attitude to support effective skin regeneration. This review focuses on the recent developments in designing multifunctional hydrogel dressings with hemostasis, adhesiveness, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.
Benzotriazole‐Based Nonfused Ring Acceptors for Efficient and Thermally Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Han Daehee , Lim Chulhee , Phan Tan Ngoc‐Lan , Kim Youngkwon , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: July 2022

Nonfused ring acceptors (NFRAs) have attracted significant attention for nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) owing to their chemical tunability and facile synthesis. In this study, a benzotriazole‐based NFRA with chlorinated end groups (Triazole‐4Cl) is developed to realize highly efficient and thermally stable NFRA‐based OSCs; an analogous NFRA with nonchlorinated end groups (Triazole‐H) is synthesized for comparison. Triazole‐4Cl film exhibits the high‐order packing structure and the near‐infrared absorption capability, which are advantageous in charge transport and light harvesting of the resulting OSCs. In particular, the strong crystalline behavior of Triazole‐4Cl results in enhanced self‐aggregation, leading to high charge carrier mobility. Owing to these properties, a PBDB‐T (polymer donor):Triazole‐4Cl OSC demonstrates a high short‐circuit current, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency (PCE = 10.46%), outperforming a PBDB‐T:Triazole‐H OSC (PCE = 7.65%). In addition, the thermal stability of a PBDB‐T:Triazole‐4Cl OSC at an elevated temperature of 120 °C exceeds that of a PBDB‐T:Triazole‐H OSC. This is mainly attributed to the significantly higher cold crystallization temperature of Triazole‐4Cl (205.9 °C). This work provides useful guidelines for the design of NFRAs to achieve efficient and thermally stable NFRA‐based OSCs.
Device‐Assisted and Neuromodulatory Therapies for Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rajan Roopa , Garg Kanwaljeet , Srivastava Achal. K , Singh Manmohan
Published: July 2022

Background

Device‐assisted and neuromodulatory therapies are the standard of care for Parkinson's disease (PD) with disabling motor complications. We aimed to compare and rank the currently available advanced therapies for PD on patient relevant outcomes.

Methods

We searched various databases for randomized controlled trials that studied subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS), globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS, pallidotomy, subthalamotomy, continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI), or intrajejunal levodopa infusion (IJLI), in patients with PD and motor complications. Primary outcome was the quality of life (QOL) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III and II, ON time, OFF time, levodopa equivalent daily doses, and adverse events (AE). Data were pooled using a Bayesian network meta‐analysis, summarized as mean difference (MD) with 95% credibility intervals (CrI) and visualized in forest plots/league tables. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve plots determined the ranking probability.

Results

We identified 6745 citations and included 26 trials. STN‐DBS (MD, −8.0; 95% CrI, −11, −5.8), GPi‐DBS (MD, −7.1; 95% CrI, −11, −2.9), and IJLI (MD, −7.0; 95% CrI, −12, −1.8) led to better QOL than medical therapy alone, without significant differences among them. STN‐DBS had the highest probability of being ranked the best treatment for QOL (79.6%), followed by IJLI (63.5%) and GPi‐DBS (62.8%).

Conclusions

In advanced PD, STN‐DBS alleviates more patient and clinician relevant outcomes, followed by GPi‐DBS and IJLI. In resource limited settings, unilateral pallidotomy may improve motor symptoms and activities of daily living, although overall QOL may not be improved. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
On a terminal value problem for stochastic space‐time fractional wave equations
Authors: Tran Bao Ngoc , Nane Erkan , Huy Tuan Nguyen
Published: July 2022

This work is to investigate terminal value problem for a stochastic time fractional wave equation, driven by a cylindrical Wiener process on a Hilbert space. A representation of the solution is obtained by basing on the terminal value data
and the spectrum of the fractional Laplacian operator
(in a bounded domain
,
). First, we show the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution in
, for a suitable sub‐space
of
. A limitation of this result is the lack of time continuity at
. Second, we study the inverse problem (IP) of recovering
when the terminal value data
and the source
are given. We give an explanation why the time continuity of the solution at
could not derived. The main reason comes from unboundedness of a solution operator, so the problem (IP) is then ill‐posed, that is, recovery
cannot be obtained in general. Hence, we propose a truncation regularization method with a suitable choice of the regularization parameter. Finally, we present a numerical example to demonstrate our proposed method.
Maternal food‐avoidance diets and dietary supplements during breastfeeding
Authors: Nordhagen Live S. , Løfsgaard Vibeke S. , Småstuen Milada C. , Glavin Kari , Carlsen Kai‐Håkon , Carlsen Monica Hauger , Granum Berit , Gubrandsgard Malén , Haugen Guttorm , Hedlin Gunilla , Jonassen Christine M. , Nordlund Björn , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Rudi Knut , Saunders Carina M. , Skjerven Håvard O. , Staff Anne Cathrine , Söderhäll Cilla , Vettukattil Riyas , Aaneland Hilde , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C.
Published: July 2022

Aims

To identify maternal food‐avoidance diets and dietary supplement use during breastfeeding, and to explore factors associated with food avoidance diets.

Design

A prospective mother–child birth cohort study.

Methods

Electronic questionnaires were answered by 1,462 breastfeeding mothers 6 months postpartum in the Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in Children (PreventADALL) study from 2014–2016. Demographic and antenatal factors were analysed for associations with food avoidance diets in 1,368 women by multiple logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 289 breastfeeding women (19.8%) avoided at least one food item in their diet, most commonly cow's milk in 99 women (6.8%). Foods were most often avoided due to conditions in the child, maternal factors or lifestyle choice. The odds for food avoidance diets were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.4) for food allergy (presumed or diagnosed) and 19.4 (5.4, 70.1) for celiac disease in the mother. Dietary supplements were reported by nearly 80%, most commonly cod liver oil.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofiber/melamine–urea–formaldehyde composite aerogels for thermal insulation applications
Authors: Guo Limin , Wang Fei , Li Hanyin
Published: July 2022

The inherent flammability and low strength of pure cellulose aerogels limit their use in several applications. In this study, novel cellulose nanofibers/synthetic polymeric composite aerogels with excellent flame retardancy and increased strength were prepared under aqueous conditions with an eco‐friendly freeze‐drying and post‐curing process. This composite combined a rigid melamine–urea–formaldehyde network and pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt as an inorganic flame retardant. The latter is positively charged; hence, it could react with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers, which are negatively charged, by the charge neutralization of pentaerythritol. The resultant composite aerogels showed excellent flame‐retardant properties, an increased compressive modulus (up to 73.1 kPa), and low densities (8.75–10.7 mg/cm3). The composite aerogels also exhibited a limiting oxygen index as high as 30.2% and a remarkable decrease in the fire indices. Therefore, we believe that the developed composite aerogel demonstrates potential as a lightweight composite thermal insulation for construction applications.
Influence of biochar and carbon black on natural rubber mixture properties
Authors: Lubura Jelena , Kojić Predrag , Ikonić Bojana , Pavličević Jelena , Govedarica Dragan , Bera Oskar
Published: July 2022

A biochar made by hydrothermal carbonisation treatment of hardwood waste biomass was compared with traditional carbon black (CB) filler and their impact on the electricity consumption of the rubber mixture, vulcanisation and mechanical properties was examined. Two sets of experiments were conducted, following the same procedure and recipe and using different contents (parts per hundred) of biochar or CB as a filler (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 phr). The low content of different fillers (up to 20 phr) showed a similar electricity consumption for rubber mixing. Further increase of filler content caused a superior impact on energy consumption value for prepared rubber mixtures with CB. An influence of filler type and content on the vulcanisation properties (maximum and minimum torque, scorch time and cure rate index) was detected. With regard to hardness values, tensile strength, elongation at break and tensile stress were affected by the different reinforcing agents and their content. The assessed data revealed that CB as a filler might potentially be replaced with environmentally friendly and sustainable fillers up to 30 phr, enabling similar rubber vulcanisation and mechanical properties. The overall outcome of this study emphasised the significance of the results obtained for strict environmental protection demands in the rubber industry. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.