bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbonate Sedimentation in High-Mineralized Lake Bolshoi Bagan (South of West Siberia): Dependence on Holocene Climate Changes
Authors: Solotchin P.A. , Solotchina E.P. , Maltsev A.E. , Leonova G.A. , Krivonogov S.K. , Zhdanova A.N. , Danilenko I.V.
Published: June 2023

––We present the results of comprehensive studies of Holocene bottom sediments from the shallow hypersaline (mineralization up to 282 g/L) Lake Bolshoi Bagan, located in the East Baraba lowland (south of Western Siberia). The research methods include X-ray diffractometry (XRD), IR spectroscopy, laser granulometry, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis of sediments and pore water, radiocarbon (14C AMS) dating. It has been found that during the Holocene an intensive authigenic mineral formation took place in the lake basin; gypsum, halite and carbonates of calcite-dolomite series dominate among the newly formed mineral phases. Mg-calcites with different Mg contents, excess-Ca dolomites, aragonite and occasionally Mg-siderite have been found in the assemblage of carbonate minerals by mathematical modeling of complex XRD patterns. Mineralogical and crystallochemical studies, supplemented by the results of geochemical analyses, allowed us to identify four stages of the evolution of Lake Bolshoi Bagan in the Holocene, due to regional climate variations. The boundaries of the stages in general correspond to the boundaries of the climatostratigraphic phases by the Blytt–Sernander system: Stage I (the end of the Boreal) – the lake formation, humid climate; Stage II (Atlantic) – climate aridization, shallowing of the lake; Stage III (Subboreal) – unstable climate, frequent change of conditions; Stage IV (Subatlantic) – moderately cool and dry climate.
Estimating Time and Frequency under Imperfect Channel Knowledge using ECM and SAGE Algorithms in Multi-relay Cooperative Networks
Authors: CHENGUTTUVAN EZHILAZHAGAN , KARUPPIAH LAKSHMI PRABHA , K SAKTHISUDHAN
Published: June 2023

The OFDM system is popular due to its broadband capabilities, but because it employs the multi-carrier concept, synchronization issues may arise. These errors are caused by the incompatibility of the transmitted and received signals. The performance of multiple relay cooperative systems is assessed in this study using receiver compensation and estimation of Multicarrier Frequency Offsets (MCFO) and Multiple Timing Offsets (MTO). To demonstrate improved bit error rate (BER) performance, MCFOs and MTOs should be treated with less computational complexity. At the receiver end, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach is used to decode data and estimate offsets. The ML approach estimates using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. In terms of BER and SNR after estimation, the SAGE algorithm outperforms the ECM approach. A performance analysis of the estimated time and carrier frequency offsets was performed using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. Furthermore, the statistical percentage difference demonstrates that the maximum probability strategy for compensating the CFO and TO is effective.
Accuracy and generalizability of machine learning models for adolescent suicide prediction with longitudinal clinical records
Authors: Zang Chengxi , Hou Yu , Jin Jun , Sacco Shane , Chen Kun , Aseltine Robert , Wang Fei
Published: June 2023

Machine Learning (ML) models trained from real-world data (RWD) have demonstrated promise in predicting suicide attempts in adolescents. However, their cross-data performance and transportability for suicide prediction are largely unknown, hindering the clinical adoption of these ML models. We developed different ML suicide prediction models based on RWD collected in different contexts (inpatient, outpatient, etc.) with varying purposes (e.g., administrative claims and electronic health records), compare their cross-data performance, and evaluate their transportability. The data used was from the All-Payer Claims Database (APCD) and Hospital Inpatient Discharge Database (HIDD) in Connecticut as well as Electronic Health Records (EHR) data provided by Kansas Health Information Network (KHIN). From three datasets collected in different settings (inpatient, outpatient, etc.) and purposes (e.g., administrative claims and electronic health records), we included 285,320 patients among whom we identified 3389 (1.2%) suicide attempters. 66.0% of the suicide attempters were female. Different machine learning models (regularized logistic regression, gradient boosting machine, long-short term memory neural network) were evaluated on the local datasets and transported datasets. Significant and comparable decreases in the transfer performance compared to the local performance of all three ML models were observed, with the decline in performance reducing average AUC by up to 7.7%, reducing average sensitivity by up to 16%, and PPV by up to 2% at the 90% specificity level, and reducing sensitivity by up to 20% and PPV by up to 5% at the 95% specificity level. The similarity of behavior across these modeling approaches strengthens the validity of our results. The commonality and heterogeneity of predictors learned across populations were compared. These results indicate that no matter how well ML suicide models performed with their source data, their performance when transporting these models to new datasets is limited. However, the transported models did identify additional new cases. Our analyses could facilitate the development of suicide prediction models with better performance and generalizability.
Global conservation status of the jawed vertebrate Tree of Life
Authors: Gumbs Rikki , Scott Oenone , Bates Ryan , Böhm Monika , Forest Félix , Gray Claudia , Hoffmann Michael , Kane Daniel , Low Christopher , Pearse Will , Pipins Sebastian , Tapley Benjamin , Turvey Samuel , Jetz Walter , Owen Nisha , Rosindell James
Published: June 2023

Human-driven extinction threatens entire lineages across the Tree of Life. Here we assess the conservation status of jawed vertebrate evolutionary history, using three policy-relevant approaches. First, we calculate an index of threat to overall evolutionary history, showing that we expect to lose 86-150 billion years (11-19%) of jawed vertebrate evolutionary history over the next 50-500 years. Second, we rank jawed vertebrate species by their EDGE scores to identify the best opportunities for species-focused conservation of evolutionary history. Third, we assess the conservation status of jawed vertebrate families. We found that species within monotypic families are more likely to be threatened and more likely to be in decline than other species. We provide a baseline for the status of families at risk of extinction to catalyse conservation action. This work continues a trend of highlighting neglected groups—such as testudines, crocodylians, amphibians and chondrichthyans—as conservation priorities from a phylogenetic perspective.
Spinal cord injury etiology, severity, and response to care in East Asia: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Spinal Cord Society Database Project
Authors: Brazauskas Ruta , Chhabra Harvinder , Holmes Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Objectives: To determine etiologic factors related to spinal cord injury (SCI) severity and to assess factors related to benefit from care in individuals seen for SCI in six Eastern and South-eastern Asian countries.
Setting: Care centers in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Methods: Data from multiple centers collected between October 2015 and February 2021 were analyzing using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.
Results: Among 2,634 individuals, the leading cause of SCIs was falls (n=1410, 54%). Most single-level SCIs occurred in the thoracic spine (n=977, 39%). Greater than half of SCIs (n=1423, 54%) were graded American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A. Thoracic SCIs accounted for 53% (n=757) of all single-level AIS A SCIs, and the percentage of thoracic SCIs graded AIS A (78%) was significantly higher than cervical (51%), lumbar (24%), sacral (8%), and multiple level (15%) SCIs (p<0.001). Regression analyses isolated predictive factors both of SCI severity and inpatient improvement. Four factors predicted injury severity: age, spinal region, injury etiology, and country of residence. Four factors also predicted inpatient improvement: age, spinal region, AIS grade on intake, and country of residence.
Conclusions: Falls were the leading cause of traumatic SCIs, most of which occurred from ≥1 meter. The thoracic spine was the most commonly injured region, and thoracic SCIs were associated with both increased injury severity and poorer recovery. Age, spinal region, and country were each predictive factors of both SCI severity and inpatient improvement.
Sponsorship: Mayo Clinic Global Health Program
Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils
Authors: Chakrabartty Satyendra
Published: June 2023

Assessment of heavy metal (HM) pollution of soil could be index based or model driven. Each suffers from methodological limitations. Classification of regions with respect to different indices gave different results. The paper suggests an assumption-free method to get comprehensive index as geometric mean of chosen indices to reflect overall pollution status of HMs(IHM) in soil as a composite index (CI), avoiding selection of weights and scaling. The proposed aggregation is applicable for all types of indices including those having skewed distributions and can be applied even for data with small sample size. With reduced level of substitutability among component indices, the method facilitates formation of chain indices, satisfies time reversal test, identifies the critical areas and contribution of the indices to IHM . It produces no bias for polluted or non-polluted regions since effect of outliers is not much. It allows ranking and classification of regions in terms of IHM values and assesses paths of improvement for each region over time. Possible to undertake statistical testing of H0:IHMi = IHMj for the i-th and j-th region at a particular time or H0: IHM(t)= IHM(t+1)for a particular region at two time periods. Since evaluation criteria/base period values vary across countries, meaningful comparison of countries can be made in terms of progress made on Year-to-Year basis.Based on theoretical advantages, the proposed aggregation by GM is an improvement over the existing methods of finding overall pollution status of HMs (IHM) in soils and is recommended.
Three in four undescribed plant species are threatened with extinction
Authors: Brown Matilda , Bachman Steven , Lughadha Eimear Nic
Published: June 2023

Many thousands of plant species remain unknown to science, most being range-restricted and/or rare – both factors that increase extinction risk. Here, we show that more than 75% of species described after 2020 would qualify as threatened if assessed for the IUCN Red List. We recommend that newly described species are assumed to be threatened and encourage taxonomists to partner with assessors at the time of description to formally evaluate the extinction risk of new species using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Effect of nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) on methane production, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in vitro
Authors: Abdillah Achmad Ezar , Sarah Dewi , Ardian Aziz Aji , Anas Muhsin Al , Aprianto Muhammad Anang , Hanim Chusnul , Kurniawati Asih , Muhlisin Muhlisin , Yusiati Lies Mira
Published: June 2023

The study evaluated the effect addition of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oil as a feed additive on methane production, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen enzyme activity, and nutrient digestibility in vitro. This study was divided into three treatments based on the level addition of nutmeg essential oil, including 0 µL/L (T0), 100 µL/L (T2), and 200 µL/L. The composition of feed substrate was king grass as forage and concentrate with a ratio of 60:40. Feed fermentation was carried out using the Menke and Steingass gas production and two-stapes Tilley and Terry in-vitro digestibility technique. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and If there were differences between means continued by DMRT. Results showed that 200 µL/L nutmeg essential oil addition significantly decreased (P < 0.05) ammonia (NH3) levels, VFA total, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and microbial protein (P < 0.05). Methane production and activity of rumen protease enzyme significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with levels at 100 and 200 µL/L. The addition at 200 µL/L of nutmeg essential oil significantly decreased (P < 0.05) on protein digestibility (IVCPD) in 48h, while IVCPD in 96 h was significantly increased (P < 0.05). on the other hand, the addition of nutmeg essential oil did not affect on the activity of the amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and β-glucosidase enzymes and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD), crude fiber (IVCFD), and organic matter (IVOMD). The conclusion obtained from this study was the optimum level at 200 µL/L of nutmeg essential oil could reduce methane production and increased crude protein digestibility in 96 h without any negative effect on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility.
Research on multi-source heterogeneous big data fusion method based on feature level
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Wang Chenxi , Zhou Yuchen , Gong Rongrong , Yang Zixuan , Li Hui , Li Haining
Published: June 2023

With the development of research on multi-modal data fusion and its combination with online data management, the application of multi-modal big data fusion in theinformation management systems is more and more extensive. How to integrate multi-modal big data effectively is the key technology to building an efficient information management system. In this paper, based on the combination of a multi-support vector machine and convolutional neural network, the feature-level data fusion of multi-source heterogeneous big data is implemented, and it is applied to the real data set to test the relevant model. Experimental results show that this method can not only realize heterogeneous integration of big data, but also has high accuracy and reliability.
Downregulated NPAS4 in multiple brain regions is associated with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Selcuk Berkay , Aksu Tuana , Dereli Onur , Adebali Ogün
Published: June 2023

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a commonly observed psychiatric disorder that affects more than 2% of the world population with a rising trend. However, disease-associated pathways and biomarkers are yet to be fully comprehended. In this study, we analyzed previously generated RNA-seq data across seven different brain regions from three distinct studies to identify differentially and co-expressed genes for patients with MDD. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed that NPAS4 is the only gene downregulated in three different brain regions. Furthermore, co-expressing gene modules responsible for glutamatergic signaling are negatively enriched in these regions. We used the results of both DGE and co-expression analyses to construct a novel MDD-associated pathway. In our model, we propose that disruption in glutamatergic signaling-related pathways might be associated with the downregulation of NPAS4 and many other immediate-early genes (IEGs) that control synaptic plasticity. In addition to DGE analysis, we identified the relative importance of KEGG pathways in discriminating MDD phenotype using a machine learning-based approach. We anticipate that our study will open doors to developing better therapeutic approaches targeting glutamatergic receptors in the treatment of MDD.
Strategy dependent recruitment of distributed cortical circuits during spatial navigation
Authors: Surinach Daniel , Rynes Mathew , Saxena Kapil , Ko Eunsong , Redish A. , Kodandaramaiah Suhasa
Published: June 2023

Spatial navigation is a complex cognitive process that involves neural computations in distributed regions of the brain. Little is known about how cortical regions are coordinated when animals navigate novel spatial environments or how that coordination changes as environments become familiar. We recorded mesoscale calcium (Ca2+) dynamics across large swathes of the dorsal cortex in mice solving the Barnes maze, a 2D spatial navigation task where mice used random, serial, and spatial search strategies to navigate to the goal. Cortical dynamics exhibited patterns of repeated calcium activity with rapid and abrupt shifts between cortical activation patterns at sub-second time scales. We used a clustering algorithm to decompose the spatial patterns of cortical calcium activity in a low dimensional state space, identifying 7 states, each corresponding to a distinct spatial pattern of cortical activation, sufficient to describe the cortical dynamics across all the mice. When mice used serial or spatial search strategies to navigate to the goal, the frontal regions of the cortex were reliably activated for prolonged durations of time (> 1s) shortly after trial initiation. These frontal cortex activation events coincided with mice approaching the edge of the maze from the center and were preceded by temporal sequences of cortical activation patterns that were distinct for serial and spatial search strategies. In serial search trials, frontal cortex activation events were preceded by activation of the posterior regions of the cortex followed by lateral activation of one hemisphere. In spatial search trials, frontal cortical events were preceded by activation of posterior regions of the cortex followed by broad activation of the lateral regions of the cortex. Our results delineated cortical components that differentiate goal- and non-goal oriented spatial navigation strategies.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Technique for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Classification
Authors: Narayanan K. , Krishnan R. , Robinson Y. , Vimal S. , Kaliappan M. , Rashid Tarik , Alharbi Nesreen , Osman Ahmed , Salih Abdul , Ibrahim Nuha Jameel
Published: June 2023

Leukemia is a category of cancer that is normally found in blood and bone marrow, and which causes rapid abnormal development in the making of white blood cells than the required amount. The produced white blood cells could be ineffective to fight against harmful infections and can even prejudice or restrict the capability of the bone marrow to generate red blood cells and blood platelets. If this is not diagnosed in the earlier stage, it may start to affect the function of the internal organs and cause death. Normally, entire blood counts image analysis and diagnosis are done manually which is an inaccurate and time-intensive process. In this proposed method the classification is tested with two Machine Learning algorithms which are Hybrid Fuzzy C Means (FCM) and Random Forest algorithm (RF) and Support Vector Machine for the detection and classification of Acute Leukemia disease and their performance was evaluated. Experimental results convey that Hybrid FCM and RF Algorithm attained an accuracy of 99.06%, a sensitivity of 99.4%, and a specificity of 97.8% respectively, and the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve shows that the result produced by the Hybrid FCM & RF based Classifier is best suitable in diagnosing the classification of the Acute Leukemia disease. The tool used for developing the proposed method was Matlab R2018 software.
Fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Third Pole proglacial lake basins
Authors: Zhou Yunqiao , Chen Mengke , Fu Jianjie , Zhu Tingting , Wang Chuanfei , Gong Ping , Wang Lanxiang , Ren Jiao , Wang Xiaoping
Published: June 2023

How will climate change influence the accumulation of pollutants in remote mountainous lakes? To answer this question, we collected sediment cores from two glacial lakes (one is small and close to glacier, and the other is large and far from glacier) in the Third Pole and quantified deposition fluxes of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The trends of PFAS fluxes broadly correspond with their historical emissions and phase-out. Besides of emission, glacial meltwater strongly impacts the accumulation of PFAS in small lake, while precipitation exhibits great impact on that of big lake. We then optimized a multi-media fugacity model to explore how PFAS transport along proglacial rivers before entering the big lake and found that river sediments intercept ~ 12% of PFAS from glacial meltwater. Impact of proglacial river-sediment on pollutant accumulation have been greatly underestimated, although role of climate was concerned before.
Siltation in the Navigation Channel of Patos Lagoon Estuary, Brazil, Considering the Current Configuration of the Jetties and the Channel
Authors: Silva Marine Jusiane Bastos , Fontoura José Antonio Scotti , Correa Iran Carlos Stalliviere , Serpa Christian Garcia
Published: June 2023

The sediment dynamics, mainly the deposition processes, is one of the most important aspects concerning ports. Understanding sediment patterns is vital for port management since it supports the search for strategies that minimize siltation or promote more sustainable management. This study aims to assess the morphological characteristics and siltation patterns of the access channel to the Patos Lagoon estuary, after the modifications made in the jetties geometry and in the channel configuration in the late 2000s. The Port of Rio Grande, one of the largest in Brazil, is located on the west margin of the inlet. Bathymetric data provided by the Port Authority from 2015 to 2020 were used to generate digital elevation models and then assess the net sedimentation rates and the evolution of the channel bottom over time. Results indicate a significant variability of net sedimentation rates. The volume of sediment deposited on the channel bottom in approximately one year was roughly 2.5 times greater than that deposited in 2 years and 3 months. The entrance area, covered by rectangles 3B-4C (which represented 34% of the study area), was responsible for about 50% of the net sedimentation volume in both analyzed periods. The area between jetties (3E-4C) showed major net sedimentation rates in both periods. The analysis of the bathymetric data series was effective in evaluating important morphological characteristics of the channel, and it was possible to identify aspects of siltation patterns and obtain yielded unprecedented results.
Phenotypic and RNA-seq profiles identified key pathways and genes involved in gleditsioside biosynthesis in Gleditsia sinensis Lam
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Yuzhang , Xiao Dandan , Chang Fuli , Chen Hui , Wang Chun , Yang Xiaoqian , Fu Tiantian , Liu Yanping , Fan Dingchen , Wang Yanwei
Published: June 2023

Background
Gleditsia sinensis Lam (G. sinensis) is one of the important medicinal herb plant species, and its major bioactive compounds are gleditsioside in pods. The essential economic and medicinal value of gleditsioside has been increasingly recognized. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in the content of gleditsioside during the development of G. sinensis are largely unknown.
Results
In this resrarch, there is a positive relationship between the accumulation of gleditsioside content and the variation of pod length, and we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis involving gleditsioside biosynthesis in the pods of G. sinensis using RNA-seq. 9000 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were found among six development stages of G. sinensis pods. 703 and 162 DEGs participated in terpenoid backbone and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. 99 unigenes were identified, which can encode 17 enzymes, including key enzyme families, such as ENIN, cytochrome P450 (CYP93E1), and UDP-glucosyltransferase in the gleditsioside biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, DEGs encoding crucial enzymes (HMGCR and AGBH) can determine the gleditsioside synthesis during the development of G. sinensis pods. According to the generation of different hormones, 10 pathways have been expanded outward in the gleditsioside synthesis pathway, forming a relationship network together. They shared the same precursor substances (IPP and DMAPP), and the 11 pathways should be inhibitory with the gleditsioside synthesis pathway. In addition, WGCNA analysis was further conducted combined with the phenotype of pods and gleditsioside content. As a result, it was found that Unigene32740 (HMGCS) and CL4789.Contig4 (COL) were involved in the gleditsioside biosynthesis and the pod development, respectively.
Conclusions
Overall, this study shows an important gene resource for the future functional researches and provides new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the gleditsioside biosynthesic process in G. sinensis.
Anterior vertical control using temporary anchorage devices in bimaxillary protrusion treatment
Authors: Mayahara Kotoe , Kawai Satoru , Fujisaki Tomihiro , Shimizu Noriyoshi
Published: June 2023

Background:
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are used for retraction of the anterior teeth in cases of severe bimaxillary protrusion. There have been a number of studies regarding anterior tooth movement using TADs performed by simulation systems and actual treated materials with sliding mechanics. However, there are few studies regarding anterior tooth movement using TADs treated by loop mechanics The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TADs in anterior tooth movement using loop mechanics performed actual cases of bimaxillary protrusion.
Methods:
This study was performed in 20 adult patients with severe bimaxillary protrusion treated with four bicuspid extraction with sliding or loop mechanics using TADs. The skeletal and denture patterns, as well as the soft tissue profile from pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms, were compared between sliding and closing loop mechanics.
Results:
The use of TADs is useful to retraction of anterior teeth without molar anchorage loss. in sliding and loop mechanics. The upper anterior teeth were less tipped and lower anterior teeth were more upright resulting in less clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane in loop mechanics compared sliding mechanics.
Conclusion:
Towing the upper anterior teeth at the same height from TADs prevents clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane in loop mechanics, likely because of effective intrusion and lingual root tipping of the upper anterior teeth by pulling the closing loop from the TADs for activation.
Adapting to Change: How Fish Populations Responds to Ecological Shifts
Authors: Kurtul Irmak , HAUBROCK Phillip J. , Kaya Cuneyt , Kaykac Hakan , Ilhan Ali , Duzbastilar F. Ozan , Tosunoglu Zafer , Sari Hasan , Balzani Paride , Tarkan Ali Serhan
Published: June 2023

Invasive species are a significant threat to natural biodiversity and human well-being. Despite becoming more commonly considered in the field of biological invasion, studies using long-term time series from Türkiye`s freshwater resources have remained scarce. To fill this gap, we used nine time series from the highly anthropogenically-altered Lake Bafa in Western Anatolia sampled between 1958 and 2019. We investigate how fish populations in Lake Bafa were affected by environmental changes and examined changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of non-native species over time. The analyses revealed an increase in non-native species richness over time. Non-native species did not interfere with native species' niche space, whereas applied models indicate that in this highly altered ecosystem, foremost temperature and salinity shaped the fish community over time, limiting the impacts of non-native species. These results have implications for the fishery of the lake, which include highly valuable catadromous fish species, highlighting the value and importance of long-term data for the study of freshwater ecology to better understand both invasion dynamics and changes in the naturality of ecosystems. These findings further underline the importance of long-term data to create new management strategies for the lake and start restoration processes, thus improving fisheries management.
Intracellular Calcium links Milk Stasis to Lysosome Dependent Cell Death by Activating a TGFβ3/TFEB/STAT3 Pathway Early during Mammary Gland Involution
Authors: Jeong Jaekwang , Lee Jongwon , Talaia Gabriel , Kim Wonnam , Song Junho , Hong Juhyeon , Yoo Kwangmin , Gonzalez David , Athonvarangkul Diana , Shin Jaehun , Dann Pamela , Haberman Ann , Kim Lark Kyun , Ferguson Shawn , Choi Jungmin , Wysolmerski John
Published: June 2023

Involution of the mammary gland after lactation is a dramatic example of coordinated cell death. Weaning causes distension of the alveolar structures due to the accumulation of milk, which, in turn, activates STAT3 and initiates a caspase-independent but lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) pathway. Although the importance of STAT3 and LDCD in early mammary involution is well established, it has not been entirely clear how milk stasis activates STAT3. In this report, we demonstrate that protein levels of the PMCA2 calcium pump are significantly downregulated within 2–4 hours of experimental milk stasis. Reductions in PMCA2 expression correlate with an increase in cytoplasmic calciumin vivoas measured by multiphoton intravital imaging of GCaMP6f fluorescence. These events occur concomitant with the appearance of nuclear pSTAT3 expression but prior to significant activation of LDCD or its previously implicated mediators such as LIF, IL6 and TGFβ3, all of which appear to be upregulated by increased intracellular calcium. We also observed that milk stasis, loss of PMCA2 expression and increased intracellular calcium levels activate TFEB, an important regulator of lysosome biogenesis. This is the result of increased TGFβ signaling and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Finally, we demonstrate that increased intracellular calcium activates STAT3 by inducing degradation of its negative regulator, SOCS3, a process which also appears to be mediated by TGFβ signaling. In summary, these data suggest that intracellular calcium serves as an important proximal biochemical signal linking milk stasis to STAT3 activation, increased lysosomal biogenesis, and lysosome-mediated cell death.
How emotion contagion changes during friendship formation: A longitudinal conversation study
Authors: Kaiser Stephanie , Tong Xin , Wood Adrienne , Tsang Shelly
Published: June 2023

People often match the emotion states of interaction partners, a process known as emotion contagion. Emotion contagion is considered both a by-product of shared goals and a tool for strengthening social bonds. Although cross-sectional evidence suggests emotion contagion is positively related to bond strength, few studies have investigated this relationship over the course of friendship formation. Perhaps emotion contagion increases as people become closer (a within-dyad effect), reflecting relationship closeness. Or perhaps some dyads have a stable mutual liking and a tendency towards emotion contagion that does not change over time (a between-dyad effect). Our study disentangled these two accounts. Pairs of unacquainted participants had conversations weekly for six weeks. Participants reported pre- and post-conversation emotion states, and closeness to their partner after each conversation. Emotion contagion, measured in three different ways, declined over time as dyads became interpersonally close (evidence for a within-dyad effect). This decline may indicate increased comfort with emotional divergence. Notably, dyads that reported greater average interpersonal closeness exhibited larger changes in emotion states during their conversations, aligning with previous between-dyad findings. Thus, the association between emotion contagion and friendship status depends on whether we consider change within a dyad or compare between dyads.
Understanding future changes of landscape connectivity with changing vegetation cover based on land use projections and morphological spatial pattern analysis: the case of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhang Meng , Sun Peijun , Linghu Linna , Sun Zhangli , Wu Yue
Published: June 2023

Context Comprehensive understanding of future landscape connectivity change fundamentally benefits both policy-making of land use and ecosystem conservation planning, but such understanding is rarely available at a local level. Here, we present the scenario projections of land use of a crucial ecological barrier, Inner Mongolia (IM) in China, under the interacted frameworks of the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) and the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Objectives We aim to tackle existing issue of future landscape connectivity dynamics with delicate account. Methods We first projected a 1km gridded land use under SSP1-RCP2.6 and SSP5-RCP8.5 covering 2030 and 2050. Probability Connectivity Index (PC) based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis were used to assess landscape connectivity. Aggregation Index (AI) and Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI) were used to evaluate landscape pattern and the core patch was identified as three importance levels using Patch Importance Index (dPC), which facilitates bivariate spatial autocorrelation between landscape pattern anddPC. Results The analysts of spatial-temporal landscape connectivity dynamics under two alternative scenarios demonstrate that (1) SSP585 obtains higher landscape connectivity due to larger vegetation coverage with a corresponding homogeneous landscape pattern. (2) Urban expansion is a decisive driver in damaging landscape connectivity. (3) Western region in IM had a worrying situation of landscape connectivity. (4) Higher fragmentation either from urbanization or vegetation occupation damages landscape connectivity. (5) SSP126 obtained higher aggregation effects between AI (or SHDI) anddPC. Conclusion Our results demonstrations call for land use policy interventions geared towards a greener future with high landscape connectivity by reducing cropland loss and grassland loss, preventing damages to landscape connectivity from extensive urban expansion. Especially for the western region, from the perspective of landscape pattern and vegetation distribution, long-term feasible land use spatial planning is formulated.
Efficacy and Safety of Transanal Opening of Intersphincteric Space in the Treatment of High Complex Anal Fistula: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Chunqiang , Huang Tianye , Wang Xuebing
Published: June 2023

Background
The best treatment of high complex anal fistula is to avoid anal incontinence while improving the cure rate. On this basis, some surgical procedures for preserving the anal sphincter have been proposed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transanal opening of intersphincteric space for treating high complex anal fistula.
Methods
According to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang Database to collate all the articles on transanal opening of intersphincteric space for treating high complex anal fistula. Two researchers independently completed the whole process, from screening and inclusion to data extraction, and the data was included in the RevMan 5.3 software for analysis. The main outcomes included the patients’ essential characteristics, primary healing rate, management after recurrence, final healing rate, anal incontinence score before and after surgery, postoperative complication rate, and types of complications.
Results
A total of 5 articles involving 450 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the weighted final healing rate of patients after transanal opening of intersphincteric space was 89%(RD = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.86 to 0.92, I2 = 26%, P < 0.00001). The results of the anal incontinence score showed that there was no significant difference between the results before and after transanal opening of intersphincteric space surgery(MD=-0.04,95%Cl=-0.10 to 0.02, I2 = 0%, P = 0.21). Only ten patients were reported to have complications, including urinary retention and bleeding after transanal opening of intersphincteric space with a complication rate of 2.2% (10/450), and the weighted average complication rate was 0%(RD = 0.00,95% CI=-0.00to0.01, I2 = 64%, P = 0.29).
Conclusions
Transanal opening of intersphincteric space has a high cure rate, a favorable anal incontinence score, a few types of postoperative complications, and a low complication rate, which can be used as a minimally invasive and sphincter-preserving surgical method for treating high complex anal fistula.It is worthy of further promotion and research in clinical practice.
Comparative Modeling of Cost-Optimal Energy System Flexibility for Swedish and Austrian Regions
Authors: Mata Érika , Garcia Nicolas Pardo , Suna Demet , Unluturk Burcu , Jacobson Anton , Lysenko Olga
Published: June 2023

This study develops a reproducible method for estimating the cost-efficient flexibility potential of a local or regional energy system. Future scenarios that achieve ambitious climate targets and estimate the cost-efficient flexibility potential of demonstration sites were defined. Flexible potentials for energy system assessment are upscaled from the demonstration sites in Eskilstuna (Sweden) and Lower Austria (Austria). For example, Eskilstuna uses the building-stock model ECCABS and the TIMESCity-heat model for upscaling, whereas Lower Austria uses the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization model, the BALMORAL power system model, and the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System energy system modeling tool.
According to the modeling, HPs will dominate Eskilstuna’s heating sector by 2040. Building rehabilitation reduces energy use in Lower Austria, where residential fossil fuel use ends in 2040. Heat pumps and district heating are critical for future heat demand. These findings are explained by the postulated technological-economic parameters, energy prices, and CO2 prices. We conclude that future electricity prices will determine future heating systems: either a high share of centralized heat pumps (low electricity prices) or a high share of combined heat-and-power (high electricity prices). Large-scale energy storage may be crucial. Furthermore, district heating companies have demand-side flexibility, but centralized flexible systems are the most cost effective.
Association of self-directed walking with toxicity moderation during chemotherapy for the treatment of early breast cancer
Authors: Nyrop Kirsten , Page Annie , Deal Allison , Wagoner Chad , Kelly Erin , Kimmick Gretchen , Copeland Anureet , Speca JoEllen , wood william , Muss Hyman
Published: June 2023

Background
This study investigates associations of activity tracker steps with patient-reported toxicities during chemotherapy.
Methods
Women with early breast cancer reported their symptom severity every 2–3 weeks throughout chemotherapy treatment and daily steps were documented through a Fitbit activity tracker. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. For outcomes significant in unadjusted models, adjusted RRs were calculated controlling for race (dichotomized White and Non-White), age (10-year increments), and education level. Tracker step cut point (high step, low step) was determined by the mean. Cumulative incidence functions of moderate, severe and very severe (MSVS) symptoms were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using a Cox proportional hazard model.
Results
In a sample of 283 women, mean age was 56 and 76% were White. Mean tracker-documented steps/week were 29,625 (only 20% achieved the goal of 44,000 steps/week), with 55% walking below the mean (low step) and 45% above (high step). In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, race and education, high step patients had lower risk for fatigue [RR 0.83 (0.70,0.99)] (p = .04), anxiety [RR 0.59 (0.42,0.84)] (p = .003), nausea [RR 0.66 (0.46,0.96)] (p = .03), depression [RR 0.59 (0.37,0.03)] (p = .02), and ≥ 6 MSVS symptoms [RR 0.73 (0.54,1.00)] (p = .05). High step walkers also had 36% lower relative risk for dose reductions [RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43,0.97)] (p = .03).
Conclusion
Self-directed walking at a rate of at least 30,000 steps/week may moderate the severity of treatment side effects during chemotherapy for early breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Patients and Caregiver Inter- and Intrapersonal Effects on Anxiety, Depression, Pain, and Fatigue during the first year of Treatment.
Authors: Roberson Patricia N.E. , Lenger Katie , Tasman Jordan , Cortex Gina , Renger Rebecca , Lloyd Jillian
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Breast cancer patients and caregivers experience anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain symptoms during treatment which can have both interpersonal and intrapersonal effects. The present study sought to determine which times during the first year of breast cancer treatment has the greatest risk of interpersonal influence on patient and caregiver symptoms.
Methods
Data were collected from 48 estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) stage I-III breast cancer patients and their identified caregivers throughout the first year of primary treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation). Data were collected at clinically relevant time points across the first year of treatment (i.e., baseline [before treatment], 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of treatment). Patients and their caregivers completed self-report measures of psychological and physiological distress symptoms at each time point. All symptom measures were collected using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Data were analyzed using longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling.
Results
Results revealed that, intrapersonally for both patients and caregivers, preceding anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain predicted poorer functioning at subsequent time points, with a few exceptions. Interpersonally, patients' anxiety at 6 weeks predicted greater caregiver anxiety at 6 months postoperative. Additionally, patient fatigue at baseline and 6 months predicted poorer caregiver fatigue at 6 weeks and 12 months, respectively.
Conclusion
These findings identify that anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain affect one's own later functioning. Further, anxiety and fatigue are vulnerable to interpersonal “spillover” of symptoms, particularly for caregivers, starting early in treatment. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Systematic Reviews of Machine Learning in Healthcare: A Literature Review
Authors: kolasa katarzyna , Admassu Bisrat Yeshewas , Hołownia Malwina , Kędzior Katarzyna , Poirrier Jean-Etienne , Perni Stefano
Published: June 2023

The increasing availability of data and computing power has made machine learning (ML) a viable approach to faster, more efficient healthcare delivery. To exploit the potential of data-driven technologies, further integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare systems is warranted. A systematic literature review (SLR) of published SLRs evaluated evidence of ML applications in healthcare settings published in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2023. Studies were classified based on the disease area and the type of ML algorithm used. In total, 220 SLRs covering 10,462 ML algorithms were identified, the majority of which aimed at solutions towards clinical prediction, categorisation, and disease prognosis in oncology and neurology primarily using imaging data. Accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 56%, 28%, and 25%, respectively. Internal validation was reported in 53% of the ML algorithms and external validation in below 1%. The most common modelling approach was neural networks (2,454 ML algorithms), followed by support vector machine and random forest/decision trees (1,578 and 1,522 ML algorithms, respectively). The review indicated that there is potential for greater adoption of AI in healthcare, with 10,462 ML algorithms identified compared to 523 approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the considerable reporting gaps call for more effort towards internal and external validation. Greater accessibility to healthcare data for developers can ensure the faster adoption of ML algorithms.
Benefits of routine prophylactic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for high-risk cardiac interventional surgery
Authors: Lv Xiao-chai , Dong Yi , Wang Lei , Hou Yan-ting , Chen Liangwan
Published: June 2023

Background Complex high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are challenging and frequently associated with life-threatening complications. We evaluated the benefits of prophylactic extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-supported interventions and the risks of this approach. Methods From March 2020 to September 2021, 11 patients underwent TAVI, and 15 patients underwent PCI supported with prophylactic ECMO. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in terms of the requirement of ECMO were evaluated. Results Cannulation was femoro-femoral in all patients. TAVI was performed via transfemoral access. In the TAVI group, mean patient age was 72 ± 7.84 years and 63.64% were male. During valve implantation, supportive ECMO flow was maintained at 3.24 ± 0.19 L/min. The additional median time in the ICU was 2 (1–4) days. Patients were discharged from the hospital after 16 (15–27) days. All of them were successfully weaned off VA ECMO. Only 1 patient died of respiratory and cardiac arrest 10 days after the operation. During PCI, ECMO flow was maintained at 3.35 ± 0.22 L/min. The average age of the patients in this group was 59 ± 10.80 years, and the ejection fraction was 42.59 ± 16.34%. Fourteen patients were successfully weaned off VA ECMO and survived to hospital discharge. No ECMO-related, peripheral cannulation-related or life-threatening bleeding complications were observed in the two groups. The median follow-up was 6 months, and there was 1 late death. Conclusion Based on this experience, we consider ECMO support to be a viable alternative and effective approach for complex high-risk cardiac interventional surgery.
Fracture and Fracture Pressure Analysis of the Carbonate Reservoir: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Drilling in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Rafiq Ali , Ahmad Sajjad , Gul Shehla
Published: June 2023

In this study, the fracture and fracture pressure analysis of the carbonates of the Lockhart Formation from the Makhori-1 well in Kohat Basin is presented. The fracture density, connectivity, is explained while fractured porosity range is 0.77–2.18% and the permeability ranges are 1.32–7.97 Darcie’s. The statistical plots of Makhori 1 Well confirm the continuous conductive fractures having strikes in EW, NS, and NE-SW and NW-SE directions. The discontinuous conductive fractures dominantly strike in the NW–SE and WNW–ESE directions. The induced fractures trend in the NNE-SSW direction, whereas the breakout shows a trend in the ENE-WSW. The FMI based open fracture porosity and fracture aperture range from 0 to 0.1% and 0.001–0.04 mm. The 4585 psi formation fracture pressure is also calculated on the basis of unconfined compression strength test and mud losses. The pore pressure gradient for the Lockhart Formation is 0.55 psi/ft, and the fracture gradient is estimated to be between 0.9 and 0.94 psi/ft. Therefore, the safe drilling window is 0.55 psi to 0.910 psi/ft. The minimum fracture gradient of 0.910 psi/ft should be used for all calculations and estimations in drilling plans, mud designs, and hydraulic fracture plans in the study area.