bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medidas fiscales para el fomento de la donación de alimentos y la reducción del desperdicio alimentario
Authors: Sedeño López José Francisco
Published: December 2024

Within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals and public policies encouraging the circular economy, the Spanish legislator has begun to develop a legal framework to combat food waste. At the same time, fiscal measures have begun to be developed to encourage the donation of food and prevent it from becoming waste. In particular, this work analyzes the modification of the Value Added Tax to eliminate fiscal barriers to donation, the deduction for donation of food in direct taxation, the bonus in waste collection taxes and the possibility of introducing other fiscal measures to try to avoid food waste.
Identifying local food in the context of european system of geographical indications and consumer's right to information
Authors: Kapała Anna
Published: December 2024

The aim of the discussion is to assess the adequacy of the EU legal instrument PDO and PGI for the identification of locally produced products. PDOs and PGIs, due to their importance under the EU protection system, contribute the most to the reputation and visibility of territorial products. Although they guarantee the origin of a product from a specific area, they do not specify the proximity between the place of production and delivery, and the sale of products with their labels is not limited to the local area. Due to complicated registration procedures and the requirements to link the quality, characteristics or reputation of a product to its origin, they are not a suitable instrument for distinguishing and identifying local food, which needs a simple and inexpensive tool for promotion and differentiation. The lack of a definition of local food and an EU labelling system as well as the absence of an obligation to indicate the place of origin on the product label does not allow consumers to make informed choices on the basis of clear and transparent information on the characteristics of the product, its origin and possible risks associated with it. Such a legal situation is contrary to the principle of food law, expressed in Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on protecting the consumers’ interest by providing a basis to make informed choices.
Jurisprudencia ambiental de Andalucía (Primer semestre de 2024)2024)
Authors: Mellado Ruiz Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

Jurisprudencia ambiental de Andalucía (Primer semestre de 2024)
jurisprudencia ambiental en Castilla y León (Primer semestre 2024)
Authors: Sanz Rubiales Iñigo
Published: December 2024

jurisprudencia ambiental en Castilla y León (Primer semestre 2024)
Derecho y políticas ambientales en Aragón (Primer semestre de 2024)
Authors: Herraiz Serrano Olga
Published: December 2024

Derecho y políticas ambientales en Aragón (Primer semestre de 2024)
Jurisprudencia ambiental en Asturias (Primer semestre de 2024)
Authors: Arias Castaño Abel
Published: December 2024

Jurisprudencia ambiental en Asturias (Primer semestre de 2024)
Derecho y políticas ambientales en Portugal (Primer semestre 2024)
Authors: Sereno Amparo
Published: December 2024

Derecho y políticas ambientales en Portugal (Primer semestre 2024)
La participación del derecho en la construcción de sistemas alimentarios locales
Authors: Muñoz Gómez Marta J. , Salamero Teixidó Laura
Published: December 2024

La participación del derecho en la construcción de sistemas alimentarios locales
Using digital droplet PCR to detect rare Wolbachia endosymbionts v1
Authors: Njogu Alphaxand , Dylan Shropshire J.
Published: December 2024

This protocol details three sensitive digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assays for quantifying Wolbachia endosymbionts. These assays reliably detect as few as 12 Wolbachia gene copies per 20 µL reaction, eliminating the need for sample pooling and preserving valuable individual-level resolution. Each assay targets the single-copy Wolbachia gene ftsZ, using primers and a FAM-labeled probe designed to recognize sequences conserved across 106 supergroup A Wolbachia strains. The singleplex ftsZ-ddPCR assay measures absolute Wolbachia gene copy number per sample, the duplex ftsZ/spike-ddPCR assay quantifies Wolbachia gene copies while correcting for DNA purification efficiency using a proprietary DNA spike-in control, and the duplex ftsZ/mid1-ddPCR assay determines Wolbachia density per host cell by normalizing ftsZ copies to a conserved host gene (mid1). The mid1 assay is designed with homology to 53 Drosophila, Scaptomyza, and Zaprionus species, where the mid1 non-coding region is highly conserved. These sensitive and versatile ddPCR assays will empower researchers to investigate Wolbachia dynamics at unprecedented resolution.
Co-culture and transduction of murine thymocytes on Delta-like 4-expressing stromal cells: A method to study oncogenes in T-cell leukemia v1
Authors: Olinto Libanio Rodrigues Gisele
Published: December 2024

Transduced mouseimmature thymocytes can be differentiated into T cells in vitro usingthe delta-like-4-expressing bone marrowstromal cell line co-culture system (OP9-DL4). As retroviral transduction requires dividing cells for transgeneintegration, OP9-DL4 provides a suitable in vitro environment forcultivating hematopoietic progenitor cells. This is particularly advantageouswhen studying the effects of expression of a specific gene during normal T-celldevelopment and leukemogenesis, as it allows researchers to circumvent the time-consumingprocess of generating transgenic mice. To achieve successful outcomes, aseries of coordinated steps involving the simultaneous manipulation ofdifferent types of cells must be carefully performed. Although these are very well-established procedures,the lack of a common source in the literature often demands a series ofoptimizations, which can be time-consuming. This protocol has been shown to beefficient in transducing primary thymocytes followed by differentiation onOP9-DL4 cells. Detailed here are the steps that can serve as a quick andoptimized guide for the co-culture of retrovirally transduced thymocytes onOP9-DL4 stromal cells.
INTERCOMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING AND STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING FOR CLIMATIC PARAMETERS: A CASE STUDY OF BHUNTAR, HIMACHAL PRADESH
Authors: Haq Mohd Anul , Ahmed Ahsan , Gyani Jayadev
Published: December 2024

This paper describes various methods of statistical downscaling used to downscale the temperatures of the city of Bhuntar in Himachal Pradesh. We have used NCEP data for this study. Statistical downscaling has been done in three main ways. First, three machine learning methods have been used. Simple linear regression just uses temperature as a predictor and multiple linear regression uses the NCEP parameters fas, vas, 500as, 5thas, and humas. Non-linear regression was performed using the same variables. Among the machine learning methods, non-linear regression had the best correlation with an R2 of 0.857. Second, a deep learning method was developed for climate downscaling, and it has shown significant performance based on an R2 value of 0.84. Third, SDSM (Statistical Downscaling Model) was used, a tool that is based on multiple linear regression for prediction. It gave an R2 value of 0.9895 in the A2 scenario and 0.9901 in the B2 scenario. This tool gives the highest value of correlation among all the methods carried out in this study. SDSM has also predicted future values of Bhuntar based on given GCM values. Hence, SDSM has proven to be the most efficient.
IDENTIFYING CRITICAL NODES IN SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK WITH THE MODIFICATION OF GLOBAL STRUCTURE MODEL
Authors: Mukhtar Mohd Fariduddin , Abas Zuraida Abal , Khashi’ie Najiyah Safwa , Anuar Siti Haryanti Hairol , Sulaiman Sahimel Azwal
Published: December 2024

Supply chain networks are integral to modern business operations, and understanding the significance of individual nodes within these networks is vital for optimal resource allocation and network resilience. This study focuses on the problem of identifying critical nodes within supply chain data networks. Traditional methods have limitations in providing a comprehensive solution. In response, we propose a hybrid method named GDK of global structure model (GSM) with degree centrality (DC) and K-shell decomposition (KS). Our objective is to leverage the proposed method to pinpoint pivotal nodes in supply chain networks, with the aim of enhancing network efficiency and resilience. This research showcases the practical applicability of GDK in solving real-world supply chain challenges. By identifying these key nodes, organizations can proactively allocate resources and manage disruptions more effectively, ultimately improving supply chain performance. In conclusion, this study introduces GDK as a valuable tool for addressing the problem of critical node identification in supply chain data networks. The application of GDK offers a promising solution to enhance supply chain efficiency and resilience in an increasingly interconnected world.
THE IMPACT OF THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF RUSSIA INTO UKRAINE ON THE SECURITY OF THE REGION: URBICIDE AND ECOCIDE OF UKRAINIAN CITIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, YURIYEV Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

Background. The concepts of urbicide and ecocide are key in russia's war against Ukraine, as they mean a planned attack on the created urban and ecological environment. Although the concepts are quite new and attracted attention only at the end of the 20th century, in Ukraine, they began to be actively discussed in scientific circles only with the full-scale invasion of russia and the spread of war throughout the territory of our country. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the full-scale invasion of russia into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, on the security of the region from the standpoint of considering the concepts of urbicide and ecocide of Ukrainian cities and settlements. The main tasks of the work involve the characterization of the concepts of urbicide and ecocide; understanding the peculiarities of urbicide and ecocide in Ukraine, and offering certain recommendations for the implementation of relevant programs to mitigate the consequences of such processes.

Methods. Qualitative methods of a non-standardized nature, focused on revealing cause-and-effect relationships, involve meaningful analysis of sources regarding the subject of research (discussion).

Results. The author considered the phenomenon of urbicide and cited three types of situations that allowed dividing the understanding of urbicide into natural, anthropic, and symbolic. It was found that Ukraine is characterized by anthropogenic urbicide as a result of russia's military actions. According to statistical data and official information from the Minister of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, direct damage to the country's residential and non-residential property from the actions of the aggressor reached $127.0 billion for six months of the war, and for almost a year of the war, the consequences of ecocide amounted to more than $46 billion. Moreover, ecocide, as an instrument of severe crimes against humanity, for this reason alone is the most dangerous criminal act, standing out from a number of anthropogenic environmental disasters.

Conclusions. Although the regulation of ecocide in international law is provided for only in the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, there are no clear references to urbicide in international and humanitarian law. That is why developing competent national institutions capable of coping with the various challenges of urbicide and ecocide is a prerequisite. Also, this institutional development needs greater international cooperation with such participants as the UN, the EU, and the World Bank.
Modern approaches in combined surgical treatment of complex forms of genital prolapse
Authors: Bryunin Dmitry V. , Ishchenko Anatoly I. , Pyatkina Alina N. , Chushkov Yury V.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of a considerable number of techniques for surgical correction of genital prolapse, patients and doctors cannot be always sure regarding the efficacy of surgical treatment in achieving satisfactory results. As was the case many years ago, the issues of improving the efficacy, reliability and safety of surgical treatment of genital prolapse, as well as the intent to generate individual treatment approach, taking into account the type of prolapse and medical condition of women, remain pertinent.
AIM: The objective of this study is to develop surgical techniques for patients with complex types of pelvic organ prolapse, including women with unfavourable general medical condition.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive clinical examination and surgical treatment of 20 patients with II–IV stage pelvic organ prolapse according to the POP-Q classification, who exhibited similar nosological forms of prolapse but disparate comorbidity status, was conducted. Group 1 included 11 patients with complex pelvic organ prolapse who underwent combined laparoscopic pectopexy. Due to the presence of decubitus changes of the cervix and adverse general status, a two-staged strategy was chosen for nine patients of the Group 2, i.e. laparoscopic correction of apical prolapse — uterine suspension with the use of titanium tapes — at the first stage, and modified Manchester (Moscow) operation with the use of titanium tape, colpoperineorrhaphy with levator ani muscles plication — at the second stage.
RESULTS: The results of the questionnaire indicated that all patients reported a notable improvement in their quality of life and social integration. In all patients, the symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse significantly improved, and no signs of disease recurrence were present.
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the proposed surgical techniques for treating pelvic organ prolapse are a viable, efficacious and secure option. They offer swift recuperation and reliable rehabilitation. These techniques have the potential to improve both the physical and social well-being of patients. The described surgical techniques help to restore the normal anatomical position and functions of the organs.
Fertility potential in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Dobrokhotova Yulia E. , Matevosyan Tatevik A. , Ilyina Irina Yu. , Narimanova Metanat R.
Published: December 2024

Malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system are the most common form of oncological morbidity in women, accounting for over 30% of all cancer cases. Most antineoplastic agents act by inducing DNA damage in highly proliferating cancer cells, resulting in oocyte death. Ovarian toxicity is the most common side effect of cancer treatment in young women. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been shown to be toxic to the ovaries, increasing the risk of premature ovarian failure, early menopause, endocrine disorders, and infertility. Patients who have undergone cancer treatment have severe follicular atresia, even if they have a regular menstrual cycle.
Currently, the most effective methods of preserving fertility in cancer patients include cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos after ovarian hyperstimulation. Other fertility preservation methods include ovarian tissue cryopreservation, follicle or embryo maturation in vitro, ovarian transposition, ovarian suppression, and adjuvant therapy.
Despite promising fertility prospects, iatrogenic infertility is one of the most undesirable adverse effects of cancer therapy for young women. Timely referral to a gynecologist prior to chemotherapy or radiation therapy is key to successful fertility preservation. Women should be aware of the available opportunities of assisted reproductive technologies, along with potential risks and failures with regard to their age, stage of disease, and treatment method. At this stage, it is necessary to develop well-defined and effective algorithms for oncologists, obstetrician-gynecologists, fertility specialists, and embryologists.
Treatment strategies in different phenotypic forms of bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Dobrokhotova Yulia E. , Kazantseva Valeriya D. , Ozolinya Lyudmila A. , Savchenko Tatyana N.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis represents the most prevalent non-inflammatory syndrome affecting the lower genital tract in women. It is associated with significant complications in obstetric and gynecological practice. At present, the only recommended treatment regimens for bacterial vaginosis include antibiotics (metronidazole and clindamycin), which have been observed to have only short-term effects. Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis occurs in 50–80% of cases within a year of completing treatment. This may be attributed to the distinctive characteristics of the vaginal microbiome and the fact that following antibiotic treatment, beneficial strains of Lactobacillus spp., such as L. crispatus, are unable to recolonize the vagina. In the absence of an efficacious and long-term treatment, clinicians and scientists are investigating alternative approaches to the management and prevention of this syndrome. This has led to a rapid evolution in the understanding of the etiology of bacterial vaginosis and of the best patient care. Current research in this field is focused on the use of antiseptics, probiotics, prebiotics, transplantation of the vaginal microbiome, pH modulation and biofilm disruption as potential treatments for bacterial vaginosis.
AIM: The objective is to identify the species of vaginal Lactobacillus and the genotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis in women before treatment of bacterial vaginosis and after administration of a one-step antibacterial regimen in comparison to a two-step therapy with suppositories containing at least 10⁷ live Lactobacillus acidophilus or a lactic acid-glycogen complex.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, comparative, randomized study was conducted in 90 women aged 18 to 45 years old diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis based on the molecular genetic characteristics of the vaginal microbiota. The patients were randomized to one of three groups, with 30 subjects in each. Group 1 received only antibiotic therapy, Group 2 received antibiotic therapy concomitantly with a suppository containing ≥107 live Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Group 3 received antibiotic therapy concomitantly with lactic acid and glycogen. Clinical and laboratory efficacy of the treatment was assessed at the end of Week 4.
RESULTS: The results showed that four weeks after treatment, all study groups experienced favorable changes in the symptoms and signs, normalization of vaginal pH, and improvements in molecular genetic testing. These effects were more pronounced in Group 2 patients.
CONCLUSION: The combination of antibiotic therapy with lactic acid and glycogen demonstrated high clinical efficacy and good tolerability. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term results of this treatment approach.
Uterine scar after caesarean section: principles of healing and evaluation criteria
Authors: Gulyaeva Maria A. , Zhilkina Arina A. , Bokieva Daria S. , Panina Olga B.
Published: December 2024

Caesarean delivery results in the formation of a uterine scar. Inadequate scar healing and subsequent formation of an incompetent uterine scar tissue are common complications that may lead to the abnormal uterine bleeding, painful menstrual periods, and secondary infertility. In pregnant women, an incompetent scar may cause life-threatening complications, such as uterine rupture at any gestational age or placenta increta at the scar level.
Given the potential dangers of uterine scars, numerous recent studies have focused on identifying risk factors and understanding the pathophysiology of incompetent scar formation, as well as developing diagnostic methods. Early diagnosis is essential in maintaining women’s health and well-being and preventing complications in subsequent pregnancies. Unfortunately, there is currently neither exact understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of uterine scar formation, nor unambiguous guidelines on some aspects of its diagnosis after caesarean section.
Risk factors for the onset of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Anisimova Maria A. , Shcherbakova Liya N. , Bugerenko Andrey E. , Jain Mark , Kirillova Karina I. , Samokhodskaya Larisa M. , Panina Olga B.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-established cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Epidemiological studies show that while HPV infection is common, it is far more prevalent than CIN itself. Consequently, HPV testing exhibits moderate specificity and positive predictive value for detecting high-grade CIN. Currently, there is no optimal strategy for identifying HPV-positive women at high risk of CIN.
AIM: This study aims to assess the socioeconomic, behavioral, and comorbidity factors associated with an increased risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 121 women who presented to the Medical Research and Education Center of Moscow State University in the period from 2022 to 2023. Pap-smear revealed normal data in 66 women (Group 1, NILM), mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 27 (Group 2, LSIL), and severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 28 (Group 3, HSIL). A comparative analysis of clinical data and medical history, data of liquid cytology and HPV typing was performed in all patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc software package.
RESULTS: The analysis showed that the risk of severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia increased 5.4-fold in patients aged 30 years, 3.4-fold in smokers, 9.9-fold in patients who had been sexually active for more than 10 years, 6.3-fold in patients who had ≥4 sexual partners, 4.1-fold in patients who used withdrawal method of contraception (coitus interruptus), 7.0-fold in patients who had ≥3 pregnancies, 4.7-fold in patients with HPV infection (in particular, 4.3-fold in women infected with HPV 16). Patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia had significantly greater probability to be infected with high-risk HPV types (88.9% in patients with LSIL and 85.7% in patients with HSIL vs. 56.1% in NILM women), in particular, HPV 16 was detected in more than half of patients with HSIL.
CONCLUSION: In this study sample, the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was associated with age over 30 years, smoking, duration of the sexual activity 10 years, number of sexual partners (4), lack of barrier contraception, number of past pregnancies (3), and persisting high-risk HPV infection, especially HPV 16.
Democracy and Peace in Eastern Europe between the 1989 Revolution and the Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors:   The Korean Society For German History, Lee Dong-Ki
Published: December 2024

The years 1989-1991 were characterized by the simultaneous realization of “democracy and peace” throughout Eastern Europe, including the Soviet Union. Eastern European societies and peoples saw the democracy they sought as linked to liberation from the constant threat of Russian interference and subjugation. Democratic revolutions led directly to the dismantling of the Cold War system and seemed to guarantee a peaceful order for a time. Democracy contributed to and facilitated peace.
However, due to the dominance and influence of populism, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic soon entered a crisis of democracy, while externally they often came into conflict with the European Union. Eastern European countries not only joined NATO to protect themselves against Russia, but also distanced themselves from Western Europe. In the main Eastern European countries, right-wing nationalist populism has come to power, often blaming the EU's arrogance. It is therefore difficult to see the new divide in Europe as a confrontation between liberalism focused on the United States or the European Union and authoritarianism focused on Russia, as is often claimed. Nor can the war between Ukraine and Russia be seen as the beginning of a new Cold War that will simply lead to a new bipolar system. The Russian-Ukrainian war of February 24, 2022, demonstrated that democracies cannot create peace. The Russian-Ukrainian war demonstrates that more attention should be paid to the theory of democratic war.
The Concept and Method of Public History based on an Archive Platform in Light of Theories of of Public Sphere and Communicative Action
Authors:   The Korean Society For German History, Noh Meung-Hoan
Published: December 2024

This paper is about historical theory and public history based on an archive platform, and is deeply related to modern German history as the background of the topic. What is public history? Why should we do it? What should we do? There has been a lot of discussion about this question. In order to understand the concept of public history, it would be meaningful to understand and analyze the period when the entity of public history was established and the process and aspects of its development from a historical perspective.
However, the author believes that the concept, meaning, and methods of public history can be established more deeply and broadly by reflecting on Jürgen Habermas's theories of public sphere and the communicative action. This is because public history fundamentally includes the nature of a public sphere. A society of public opinion can play an important role in understanding history and determining its direction.
Here, we understand public history as history unfolding in the public sphere, and its method can be seen as an act of communication. Publicness and participation in public history are consistent with the nature of the public sphere.
There was a great change in archival science, and as seen in the case of Hans Booms and his subsequent generations. They led a movement to find standards for evaluating records in the public sphere and public opinion. In particular, with the development of the digital age, they began to focus on the social role of archive platforms for the public sphere. This development of the situation became the main background that made public history based on an archive platform possible.
Habermas, who saw changes in the public sphere in the direction of collapse along with the progress of capitalist society, diagnosed the digital platform era as a new structural change in the public sphere. Habermas, who believes that digital platforms cannot prevent the distortion of facts above all else, expresses great concern and presents a pessimistic outlook. The author presents a vision for solving these problems through an archive platform and foresees the development of a public sphere based on the archive platform.
A systematic review on recent advancements in 3D surface imaging and artificial intelligence for enhanced dental research and clinical practice
Authors: Manjunatha Vinayaka Ambujakshi , Parisarla Hima , Parasher Shlagha
Published: December 2024

Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming dental research and clinical practice by providing high-precision, non-invasive tools for diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction. Traditional imaging methods, while effective, often lack dimensional detail and involve radiation exposure, whereas 3D imaging and AI offer improved safety and accuracy.

This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and practical applications of 3D surface imaging and AI technologies in dentistry, with a focus on orthodontics, maxillofacial surgery, and diagnostic practices.

Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on criteria such as population, intervention type, and outcome relevance. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardized tools, and bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies.

The review included 50 studies encompassing various imaging technologies (e.g., structured light scanning, laser scanning) and AI applications (e.g., convolutional neural networks). Findings indicate significant improvements in diagnostic accuracy, patient-specific modeling, and clinical workflow efficiency. Benefits include reduced radiation exposure, enhanced diagnostic precision, and increased affordability, although challenges remain in terms of operational complexity, cost, and potential AI biases.

3D surface imaging and AI represent substantial advancements in dental practice, enabling precise diagnostics, tailored treatment, and improved patient outcomes. Future research should focus on refining AI algorithms, standardizing protocols, and developing accessible, portable 3D imaging devices to expand these technologies’ reach in clinical settings.
A review on craniofacial trauma in children
Authors: Dubey Shivam
Published: December 2024

The most frequent site of trauma and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in children is the head. Facial fractures in very young children are rare because of their larger cranial-to-facial volume ratio and face elastic cartilage composition compared to adults. Age-specific fracture patterns are determined by facial growth and differ from those of adults mostly because of paranasal sinus pneumatization and secondary dentition eruption. Paediatric patients may sustain isolated face fractures. Because of their distinct physical and developmental traits, children require sophisticated care and assessment techniques. A thorough understanding of related injuries is essential since face fractures frequently occur in conjunction with more extensive trauma. Potential airway compromise, head trauma, and concurrent injuries should receive special attention.
Advances in biomaterials for dental implants: A comprehensive review of progress, challenges, and future trends
Authors: Kakde Rushikesh K , Kale Nitin R , Sanap Gajanan
Published: December 2024

Dental implants have totally transformed restorative dentistry, as this has made tooth loss and edentulism treatable with greater consistency and longevity. Therefore, the efficacy of dental implants is inextricably related to the inherent characteristics of the biomaterials used, which is paramount in promoting osseointegration and ensuring satisfactory function and aesthetics. Through the years, growth in materials science has driven changes in biomaterials toward dental implants, from some simple materials to complex substances manifesting improved biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance. This review will elaborate on the progress of innovation in dental implant biomaterials, discussing commonly used materials like titanium, ceramics, and new innovations including nanostructured surfaces, bioactive coatings, and 3D-printed biomaterials. These materials are focused to be used in improving integration of soft and hard tissue, preventing complications such as peri-implantitis, and promoting bone regeneration. Challenges such as biodegradability, manufacturing complexity, and cost are then discussed along with strategies of overcoming these challenges. It emphasizes future directions that include intelligent biomaterials, artificial intelligence-guided design, and sustainable methodologies for developing biomaterials. The current applications and prospective opportunities are analyzed in this review to exemplify the revolutionary capacity of sophisticated biomaterials to augment the clinical effectiveness and the durability of dental implants.
Bacteriological profile of breast abscess and its antimicrobial susceptibility at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Fefar Disha Rameshbhai , Desai Riya Nimeshbhai , Shingala Hitesh Kantilal , Mehta Krunal Dineshbhai
Published: December 2024

: A breast abscess often arises as a complication of bacterial mastitis, particularly when treatment is either insufficient or delayed. These abscesses are usually caused by pyogenic bacteria. The primary treatment involves draining the abscess, and antibiotics are prescribed based on the results of a culture report.

: The present study was conducted to address microbiological profile of breast abscess and elucidates antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates.

This retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital, Jamnagar from July 2023 to June 2024. Total 100 suspected breast abscess cases were assessed. Pus aspirates from abscesses received at microbiology laboratory were cultured and examined for bacterial growth by various microbiological methods. After the identification of the bacterial pathogen, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar according to CLSI guidelines.

Majority of cases belonged to lactational group. The most common bacterial isolate was (83.5%), and out of them 41% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Others included Enterococcus species and gram-negative organisms like , , , and . isolates (both MSSA and MRSA) showed good sensitivity towards drugs like tetracycline , cotrimoxazole and linezolid.

The maximum occurrence (71% cases)of breast abscess was seen in lactating women. was the predominant organism found. For our institute recommended drugs for an initial empirical therapy are amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, erythromycin and clindamycin. Pregnant and lactating mothers should be trained and counselled on breastfeeding and breast hygiene. Following strict infection control practices in maternity wards can help reduce the risk of acquiring infections during the hospital stay.
A retrospective study on antimicrobial resistance pattern of uropathogenic E. coli in rural paediatric population attending tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sheriff Riyaz , Shanmugam Priyadarshini , R Alice Peace Selvabai , Jayakaran Jaison , Thayikkannu Ambujavalli Balakrishnan
Published: December 2024

Urinary tract infections are one of the commonest infections occurring in pediatric population. The diagnosis of UTI is difficult due to lack of proper history and absence of typical clinical symptoms as in the adult population. The most common reasons for development of UTI are the anatomical proximity in female and surface area of the prepuce in male uncircumcised children. The most common bacteria associated with infections are , , , , & . Among the gram-positive organisms, , , , & have been documented to cause infections.

: Urine samples processed for culture and sensitivity, from January 2021 to December 2023 from patients ranging from zero days to 18 years were included in the study. Repeat urine samples were excluded from the study. Sample showing no growth or insignificant growth or more than two types of bacterial colonies were excluded from the study. All samples of patients above the age of 18 years were also excluded. Those samples which fit the inclusion criteria were tabulated according to age, gender, bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance. The above data was collected using the ERP software Sage 300. The samples were divided based on the age group of the patients into four groups comprising of Group I: 0 days to 2 years, Group II: 2 to 5years, Group III – 6 to11 years & Group IV: 12 to 18 years.

The study revealed a significant prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the pediatric population, with being the primary causative agent. The highest incidence was observed in the 0-2 age group, with a notable decline in infections in male children as they aged. Female children, however, exhibited a more persistent infection rate across different age groups. Alarmingly, increasing antibiotic resistance was observed, particularly against ampicillin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. In contrast, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin demonstrated higher sensitivity rates, highlighting their potential as effective treatment options.

There needs to be a separate antibiotic policy for paediatric patients according to the age group and gender so that age & gender-based antibiotics can be selected for empirical therapy. This will in turn lead to a better antibiotic usage which will be cost effective as well as handle the emerging drug resistant organisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Enterococcal infection rates from various clinical samples and phenotypic characterization of Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Baldaniya Neha , Sood Nidhi , Parmar Rosy , Mandalia Asha , Maheta Hemanshi
Published: December 2024

Enterococci are increasingly prevalent in both community and hospital-acquired infections, posing a significant challenge due to their resistance to common antibiotics, including vancomycin. Given the lack of specific prevalence data at our hospital, we conducted a study to isolate and characterize from various clinical samples and assess their resistance profiles, particularly to vancomycin, to guide more effective treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.

All clinical samples such as blood, urine, pus, sputum, CSF and other fluids from the hospital were processed using standard bacteriological procedures, including Gram staining and culture on selective media. The enterococcal isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests, including catalase test, bile esculin hydrolysis, and carbohydrate utilization tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI guidelines.

From a total of 12,013 clinical specimens, 50 enterococcal isolates were recovered. Among these, 34% were from blood, followed by 30% from urine, 16% from pus, 14% from fluids, 4% from sputum, as well as 2% from CSF. A total of 52% of the isolates were from indoor patients, and 62% were from women. faecalis was the second most common species, after . The antibiotic susceptibility pattern demonstrated 100% susceptibility to linezolid. Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was observed in 20% and 28% of isolates, correspondingly, with 70% of isolates exhibiting resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin.

The present investigation reveals a high rate of VRE (Vancomycin-resistance ) isolates in our hospital, with a majority of isolates showing resistance to both teicoplanin and vancomycin. The situation worsens due to the Van A phenotype and the multidrug resistance these medicines demonstrate, which leaves fewer therapeutic options for the treatment. This highlights how important it is to carry out routine surveillance to quickly identify and manage infections caused by in both hospitals and the community.
Salivary dynamics: Assessing pH, glucose levels, and oral microflora in diabetic and non-diabetic individual
Authors: Mohanty Neeta , Saha Sohini , Mohanty Susant , Sharma Namya , Rath Shakti
Published: December 2024

: Diabetes significantly impacts oral health, including alterations in the oral microflora. Increased glucose levels in the oral cavity create an environment conducive to the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria, leading to various oral and systemic diseases. These organisms can then move to the bloodstream, causing systemic inflammation and leading to health problems like cardiovascular disease and systemic infections.

: This study aimed to compare the salivary pH, glucose concentration, and oral microflora in diabetics and non-diabetics and to correlate that elevated salivary glucose can lead to oral and systemic infections.

This single-centre, cross-sectional study involved 25 diabetics and 25 non-diabetics aged 18 years and above. The study duration was 60 days. Saliva samples collected from patients of both groups were subjected to biochemical and microbial analysis. In biochemical analysis, the pH and glucose concentrations were monitored. In microbial analysis, routine and PCR-based assays were used to identify the significant organisms from the saliva samples from both groups.

: The average pH (7.028) of the non-diabetic individuals was higher, towards the neutral range; however, in diabetic individuals, the range (6.016) was towards acidic. The salivary glucose estimation results showed that the average glucose concentration in the non-diabetic group was less than in the diabetic group. The oral microbiological profile of diabetic patients differed from those of non-diabetics, where the number of bacterial colonies was significantly higher in diabetic individuals. Notably, the number of dental caries-causing bacteria was 25 in diabetic and 23 in nondiabetic patients. This can be attributed to the reduced pH of the saliva and the elevated glucose level.

: The oral microbiological profile of diabetic patients differed from that of non-diabetics, with diabetics having considerably more bacterial colonies. Results suggested that diabetic individuals are at a higher risk of oral and systemic infections. Hence, maintaining balanced glucose levels can help protect oral health by limiting the nutrients available for pathogenic bacteria, reducing inflammation, and supporting immune function.
A retrospective study of thyroid functional status in patients treated with radiation therapy over head and neck region for squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Authors: Barman Rina , Sau Sourav , Maiti Pradip Kumar
Published: December 2024

Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common carcinoma in the world.Management of head neck cancer is either surgery or radiotherapy (RT) for early stage tumour and surgery combined with radiotherapy, radical radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for advanced stages. One of the most common clinical late effects of thyroid gland irradiation in patients exposed to therapeutic doses to the neck is hypothyroidism.

To estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in post radiation head neck cancer patients where radiation portal included total or most of the thyroid gland and o calculate the Odds ratio for the development of subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism.

From February 2018 to May 2019, 102 patients with histopathologically proven advanced (stage III, IV) squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region (excluding patients with thyroid malignancy and prior neck surgery) who were treated with radical external beam radiotherapy (68-70 Gy) delivered by Cobalt 60 Teletherapy machine with conventional fractionation over head and neck region at least 6 months back were studied.

Thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH, f-T4) were done at 6 months,9 months and 12 months after completion of radiotherapy.

Out of the 102 patients with mean age of 50.9 (±9.4) years, 64 (62.7%) were males and 38 (37.3%) were females. Most common Primary tumour site was larynx (36.1%). CCRT was given to 65.7% of patients and 75.5% of patients had stage-III disease. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Overall, 35% developed hypothyroidism of which 18% were clinical (high TSH, low f-T4) and 17% were sub-clinical hypothyroidism (high TSH, normal f-T4) at one year of follow-up.

No significant associations were found with age, gender, stage and addition of chemotherapy. In comparison with control group (patients attending other OPDs, N=200) odds ratio for the development of hypothyroidism was found to be 3.5 (subclinical-4.9, Clinical- 1.9).

Hypothyroidism is an under‑recognized morbidity of external beam radiation to the neck. Recognizing hypothyroidism early and treating it prevents associated complications. Hence, thyroid function tests should be done during routine follow up.
Analysis of clinical and histopathological differences between right and left sided colon cancers
Authors: Raina Bawana , Kailu Avantika , Mahajan Chakshu
Published: December 2024

: Right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC) exhibit distinct clinicopathological characteristics, which may influence their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes.

This study aimed to analyse and compare the clinical and histopathological features of RCC and LCC in a cohort of 80 patients, focusing on demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and tumor pathology.

:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients diagnosed with colon cancer, divided equally between RCC (n=40) and LCC (n=40). Data on demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, histologic type, tumor size, histologic grade, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

: The mean age of RCC patients was significantly higher than that of LCC patients (68 ± 8 years vs. 64 ± 7 years, p = 0.02). RCC patients more commonly presented with anemia (50% vs. 20%, p = 0.006) and weight loss (40% vs. 15%, p = 0.01), while LCC patients were more likely to report changes in bowel habits (50% vs. 15%, p = 0.001) and rectal bleeding (40% vs. 10%, p = 0.002). Histologic type distribution was similar between RCC and LCC, with adenocarcinoma being the most common subtype in both groups.RCC tumors were larger on average (6.2 ± 1.4 cm vs. 4.5 ± 1.1 cm, p = 0.001) and more likely to be high-grade (40% vs. 20%, p = 0.04).

This study highlights significant differences between RCC and LCC in terms of age, clinical presentation, tumor size, and histologic grade. RCC is associated with older age, larger and higher-grade tumors, and a higher incidence of anemia and weight loss, while LCC more frequently presents with changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding.
Malignant granular cell tumor presenting at unusual site with rare histomorphology
Authors: Mahawar Shruti , Aparajita Anoja , Das Kanhu Charan
Published: December 2024

The granular cell tumor (GCT) is are benign soft tissue tumor of neuroectodermal differentiation. Its likelihood of malignant transformation is bare minimal, and it seldom involves the anal canal. Herein, we report a case of anal canal with unusual histomorphology too. This report highlights the anomalous nature and site of the tumor, along with its peculiar histology. It also focuses on enhancing diagnostic awareness regarding the entity.
Sausage on a string – two interesting case reports of dense deposit disease
Authors: Kumar Dheepa Senthil , Balasubramanian Subalakshmi , Gunabooshanam Barathi , Chelvi Ponneyin
Published: December 2024

Dense deposit disease (DDD) is an ideal form of C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), with an estimated incidence of 2-3 people per million. DDD is defined by intramembranous C3 accumulation with absent or scanty immunoglobulin deposition and highly electron dense deposits visible by electron microscopy (EM). C3G is a unique and rational disease classification based on pathogenesis of dysregulated alternative complement pathway and is composed of DDD and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN). DDD is characterized by thickening of glomerular basement membrane by dense intramembranous deposits. Herein we present two cases of DDD diagnosed with a combined approach of clinical, pathological (light microscopy and electron microscopy) and laboratory investigations. Only EM assists definite distinction of DDD from C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN).