bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Generalization of the Epidemiological SIR Model
Authors: Obolonkin Vladimir , Zherelo Anatoly
Published: December 2021

In this paper we propose stochastic modification of well-known in epidemiology SIR model. This modification allows us to simulate various scenarios of infection and can be used for the risk management.
Antik Anadolu’da nadir bir patoloji: Legg-Calvé-Perthes hastalığı
Authors: ÇIRAK Asuman , ŞARBAK Ayşegül
Published: December 2021

Legg-Calvé-Perthes hastalığı (LCP) 1909 ve 1990 yıllarında Legg, Calvé, Perthes ve Waldenström tarafından bağımsız olarak tanımlanan ve femur başının mantar şeklini almasıyla sonuçlanan patolojidir. Etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çocukluk yıllarında ortaya çıkan bu patoloji bireyin yaşamı boyunca etkili olmakta ve ilerleyen yaşla birlikte porognoz seviyesi artmaktadır. Görülme sıklığı erkek bireylerde daha fazladır. Araştırmacılar, LCP’nin genellikle unilateral görüldüğünü ancak nadiren de olsa bilateral örneklerin de olduğunu belirtmektedir. Çalışmada, Bizans dönemi MTR toplumuna ait ileri erişkin kadın bireyde tespit edilen LCP’nin femur ve asetabulum üzerinde bırakmış olduğu etkiler araştırılmıştır. Bireyin sol femurunda görülen bu patoloji femur başı ve asetabulumda ileri derecede osteofit oluşumlarına neden olmuştur. Femur boynunun kısalması, femur gövdesinin incelmesi, gövde boyun açısının daralması, fovea capitisin yok olması LCP etkisiyle femurda meydana gelen bariz morfolojik değişikliklerdir. Ayrıca coxada asetabulum da ileri derecede etkilenmiş, oldukça daralmış ve femur kendisine yeni bir yüzey oluşturmuştur. Femur ve asetabulumdan alınan osteometrik ölçümler femur ve asetabulumdaki morfolojik değişikliği desteklemektedir. Ancak bireyin ayak bilek kemikleri ile tibia kemikleri LCP’den kaynaklanan duruş ve yürüme bozukluğundan etkilenmemiştir. LCP Antik Dönem toplumlarında oldukça nadir görülmektedir. Bu durum Antik Anadolu toplumları için de geçerlidir. Bu çalışma Antik Anadolu toplumları ile ilgili literatüre katkı sağlaması açısından önemlidir.
A supernumerary tooth in the nose: A case analysis from the Kayalıpınar (Hellenistic-Early Byzantian) population, Sivas, Turkey
Authors: SARI İbrahim , AÇIKKOL Ayşen
Published: December 2021

The paper reports on research into a nasal tooth sample belonging to a 12-years-old child excavated from the Kayalıpınar archaeological site in Sivas province, Turkey. The individuals of Kayalıpınar were dated between the Hellenistic-Early Byzantine periods. In the anthropological analysis of the child, a supernumerary tooth defined as inverted mesiodens on the maxilla was encountered. The tooth had an amorphous structure, the tooth root was very short and the tooth crown extended into the nasal cavity. The latest feature proves that it is a supernumerary nasal tooth. This evaluation is in parallel with similar studies.
PEREMPUAN DAN GAYA HIDUP BARAT DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA PADA AWAL KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Nurullita Hervina , Afiyanto Hendra
Published: December 2021

The article came as the inheritance reconstruction of the colonial effect phenomenon in Yogyakarta after the declaration of independence. It is interesting to discuss how the people of Yogyakarta show an anti-Netherland attitude toward colonial heritage, which is interpreted widely as anticolonial and anti-Netherland, but accept western lifestyle in daily life. The spread of western lifestyles makes Yogyakarta women begin to reconstruct culture to look for a new identity in their life which is paradoxical with the mainstream attitude and behavior of Yogyakarta people at the beginning of Independence Day. The paper aims to explain the acceptance of women in Yogyakarta to western lifestyles in daily life amidst the strengthening of anti-western sentiment. This paper presents the historical study result using the historical method with the stage of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This study used modernization theory. Modernization has a significant influence on the easy access of women in Yogyakarta to keep up with the times. The study shows how western lifestyles grew and became a trend of women’s appearance in Yogyakarta at that time.
PROPAGANDA IDEOLOGI BUSHIDO DALAM FILM DJAGALAH TANAH DJAWA PADA MASA PENDUDUKAN JEPANG
Authors: Wardhana Adi Putra Surya
Published: December 2021

This study aims to describe the propaganda of bushido ideology in the film Djagalah Tanah Djawa published during the Japanese occupation era. Japan had limited natural and human resources to face the Allies in the Pacific War. Java was seen as a region capable of meeting Japanese needs. Propaganda was needed so that the Japanese internalized the bushido ideology to the Javanese population. Some research problems are (1) the form of bushido ideology deeply held by the Japanese people; (2) the function of Japanese propaganda on Java; (3) the meaning of bushido ideology represented by the Propaganda Film Djagalah Tanah Djawa during the Japanese occupation. The research used the historical method. The research shows that bushido ideology influenced the whole outlook of life and social practices of Japanese society, especially during the Pacific War. This ideology was internalized in the propaganda film Djagalah Tanah Djawa. Its function was to attract Javanese people to be willing to take part in the Japanese program. The meaning stated that victory over the Allied occupation could only be achieved if the Javanese people made sacrifices and cooperated with Japan to realize “New Java”.’ Thus, Japan could dominate the consciousness and unconsciousness of the Javanese population.
Complexonates microelements effect on specific activity of 137Cs in cow’s milk
Authors: Bidenko V. , Slavov V.
Published: December 2021

In the period of 2008–2011 four scientific-industrial experiments have been conducted. The paper researches the results related to the effect of different complexonates microelements on 137Cs passing out of the dairy cow diet into the milk. It has been stated that the application of complexonates microelements of copper, medium, manganese, zink into the cow’s diet facilitates the decrease of milk specific activity in 1.4 times. The application of complexonates microelements of zink, manganese, copper, iodine facilitated the decrease 137Cs specific activity in milk in 1.3–2.0 times.
Features of radioactive contamination of agroecosystems of Ukrainian Polissya in the remote period after the accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Didukh M. , Slavov V.
Published: December 2021

The assessment materials of pollution features of agro-ecosystems of Ukrainian Polissya in the remote period after the accident are described in the article. It is shown that the main factors of influence on the flow of 137Cs from soil of contaminated agricultural land during a distant period do not differ from the previous period factors. It was found that current levels of 137Cs specific activity in soils of agrocenosis almost two and more times less than in the natural plant phytocenosis. The depth of massive infiltration of 137Cs in soils of arable land is much greater than in virgin soils, and almost completely determined by the process of root transfer and working capacity of the reservoir, which varies in the area of research from 10 cm to 30 cm. Despite the significant pollution of soil, the level of contamination of agricultural production is relatively low and does not exceed the permissible levels of radionuclides (DR-2006). Thus the highest rate of 137Cs transfer is noticed from soil to products of natural lands (0.06–0.66) and depends n the season and type of land.
Radiological condition of farmland in Ukrainian Polissya
Authors: Naumenko A. , Makarchuk O. , Kostenko O.
Published: December 2021

The accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power station caused a radioactive pollution in 1986. The size of distribution of radioisotopes is considered to be a global catastrophe. Due to the escalation of radioactive clouds and characteristic peculiarities of climate and soil typical for biogeocenose of Polissia, the examination of soil of agricultural lands resulted in concluding that the most contaminated regions are Chernihiv, Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn regions. The analysis of the density of soil contamination with 137Cs and 90Sr which has been done through radiological monitoring for thirty years after the Chornobyl accident is currently important due to the fact that the half reduction of radio isotopes usually takes such a period of time. Therefore, this article presents agricultural land areas of contaminated soils 137Cs during the 1986; it also considers their current radiological state. It should be noted that a statement of purpose to conduct specifying radio ecological examination of land is done to get an intrinsic evaluation of changes in the density of contaminated soils of agricultural land areas.
The state and problems of agricultural production in the contaminated territories of Kyiv Polissya
Authors: Raychuk L. , Hrynyk O.
Published: December 2021

Current status and problems of agricultural production on radioactively contaminated areas of Kyiv Polissya have been analyzed. It has been found that the Chernobyl disaster led to significant changes in specialization of agricultural production in both plant growing and animal husbandry. Such traditional regional industries as flax, hop etc completely collapsed. Most of the livestock sectors, especially dairy cattle, have become unprofitable due to abnormal production contamination and negative ecological image of the region. Large companies have become the most competitive in conditions of Kyiv Polissya. The most effective countermeasures have been identified and initial steps to obtain the radioecologically safe agricultural products on the affected by the Chernobyl disaster areas have been developed. Specialization of agricultural production, depending on the level of radioactive contamination has been improved. Agricultural enterprises of the region are not able to carry out the recommended measures in full because of lack of funds. Therefore, there is necessity to introduce the economic incentives for farmers, which will provide comprehensive implementation of a number of economic, environmental, administrative, social and psychological operations.
Distribution of collection samples of marigolds medical (Calendula officinalis L.) on clusters according to the flavonoids content and their characteristics
Authors: Melnychuk R. , Sereda L. , Sereda O.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the differentiation of collection samples of marigold at Experimental station of medicinal plants using cluster analysis as to sixteen components of the group of flavonoids, highlighted with high performance liquid chromatogram. The selected six clusters, which are characterized by the complex of economically valuable sings: plant height, diameter of the bush, productivity of plants by dry inflorescences and seeds, weight of 1000 seeds, vegetation period and the content of total flavonoids. We developed and presented numerical score for each of these sings of the six clusters. According to the results of the integrated valuation we found the highest amount of points at the samples of cluster 5, which was 35 points. The selected varieties of marigold of the fifth cluster such as Radio, Berezotits’ka sonyachna, Oranzhevyy blysk, and a sample Co-12-115 were found to be promising for future use in the selection process.
Influence of drip irrigation on raw material quality of medical valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.)
Authors: Pryvedeniuk N. , Sereda L. , Shatkovskyi A. , Sereda O.
Published: December 2021

The effect of soil moisture on the content of biologically active substances in the dry roots with rhizomes of valerian cultivation of plants with drip irrigation is researched. The possibility of obtaining high-quality raw materials harvest of valerian for one year of cultivation is determined. It is proved that the use of drip irrigation provides roots with dry rhizomes containing extractives at 35.87–39.54% essential oil — 5.7–6.4 ml/kg and the amount of sesquiterpene acids — 0.23–0.30% depending on the soil moisture. The contents of all three active ingredients meet the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine and European Pharmacopoeia.
Phytochemical researches of plant raw material for the development of composition and specification of medicinal product holelesan in capsules
Authors: Smaliukh O. , Protsyk L. , Kravchuk Zh.
Published: December 2021

The results of flavonoids identification by chromatographiс methods and quantitative determination by the method of differential spectrophotometry in medicinal herbal substanceswild carrot fruits and Helichrysum arenarium flowers are presented. Using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods it was proved that composition and ratio of flavonoids in the samples of the wild carrot fruits carrot in various regions differ significantly. At the same time, within one region of plant growing the composition of flavonoids is similar. It is proposed to use luteolin as a marker for the identification of the wild carrot fruits. The total content of flavonoids in the samples is 0.07–0.79 percent, calculated with hyperoside or luteolin. It was suggested to standardize medicinal herbal substance of wild carrot fruits by the total flavonoids of not less than 0.1 per cent calculated as izosalipurpuzid or luteolin on a dry basis. Using TLC and HPLC methods it was find out that composition and ratio of flavonoids in the studied samples of the Helichrysum arenarium flowers collected in different years and in different regions of Ukraine were not significantly different. Apegеnin-7-glucoside and izosalipurpuzid are proposed to use as identification markers of herbal medicinal substance in Helichrysum arenarium flowers. Assay of flavonoids in Helichrysum arenarium flowers calculated as izosalipurpuzid was developed using differential spectrophotometry. On the basis of obtained results it is suggested to include to specification for this medicinal herbal substance the acceptable limit for total flavonoids of not less than 1.0 per cent calculated as izosalipurpuzid on a dry basis.
ONTOGENETIC AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF ALIEN SPECIES
Authors: Starodub V. , Tkach E.
Published: December 2021

We investigated ontogenetic and population structure of alien species in cereal agrocenoses Right-Bank Forest. This paper gives an assessment of potential segetal three types: Sonchus arvensis L, Iva xanthifolia L, Xanthium strumarium L., which by age structure, indicators of abundance and occurrence are defined as model. According to index «delta-omega» we found that the studied species belong to the young, transitional and maturing populations. In the analysis, we found that the population model species in agrocenoses are different on age classes. This indicates that they are stable and capable to self-maintenance if their numbers are not controlled.
IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM FICUS LYRATA WARB. (MORACEAE) LEAVES
Authors: Tkachenko H. , Buyun L. , Osadovskyy Z. , Truhan M. , Sosnowski Ye. , Prokopiv A. , Goncharenko V.
Published: December 2021

In the current investigation, screening of ethanolic extract obtained from Ficus lyrata leaves against pathogenic bacteria has been done in order to assess the antimicrobial activity aimed at detecting new sources of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined using agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract of F. lyrata was tested against human pathogenic bacteria — both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). The results of this study provide evidence that the ethanolic extract of F. lyrata leaves has a mild antimicrobial activities, apparently, attributed to the presence of various secondary metabolites, which confirm the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogens. These data allow us to suggest that the extracts of F. lyrata can be used to discover antibacterial substances for developing new pharmaceuticals to control clinically important pathogens responsible for severe disorders.
Structural and functional links in forest ecosystems in the national natural park «Desniansko-Starohutskyi»
Authors: Kovalenko I.
Published: December 2021

The species composition of grass and subshrub layer of basic forest phytocenoses in the north-eastern part of Ukraine is analyzed. Six classes of forest vegetation are identified according to the ecological-floristic classification in the studied region. A revision of plant species characteristics is made for them. It is found that typical plants of grass and subshrub layer are characterized by broad ecological amplitudes with respect to the main environmental factors (temperature, humidity, continentality). On the basis of data on individual ecological optimum of plant, one can expect the growth in the share of hydrophilic and thermophilic species along with the corresponding decrease in xerophilous and boreal plant species in grass and subshrub layer of forest ecosystems in the north-eastern part of Ukraine.
Impact of regional weather anomalies on the agroecosystems of the Left Bank Forest Steppe
Authors: Dovhal H. , Voloshyna N.
Published: December 2021

Importance of the territory climatic conditions as unpredictable dynamic changes problem that forms a threat to the development of the agricultural sector of the country was investigated. The problem comes from the fact that for food security of agricultural ecosystem it is rather vulnerable to change of climatic parameters, and agriculture belongs to branches which are especially sensitive to climatic changes impact. We analyzed long-term data figures for the period 1995 to 2014, which describe the temperature and moisture regime of Lubny (Poltava region). The main trends and patterns of their dynamics were established, the degree of deviation from the long-term norm was given. The author determined the relationship of the territorial climatic conditions changes and agricultural ecosystem performance and stability and also the potential consequences of the adverse effects. As a result, it was found that the expansion of the growing season crops, due to the increase in temperature and the average value of the classical heat supply plant index, may impair the stability of the agricultural ecosystem complex and reduce its performance. At the same time, one of the adapting agricultural production ways to climate change, which does not require any additional costs, is to optimize the placement of crops due to the harmonization of the production specialization ratio in accordance with the area conditions.
Regularities of 137Cs transition into meadow vegetation in flood-plain soils
Authors: Feshсhenko V. , Гуреля Віталій Вікторович
Published: December 2021

Наведено результати досліджень особливостей проведення докорінного поліпшення забруднених унаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС агроекосистем Полісся України. Встановлено, що основними чинниками впливу на надходження 137Cs із ґрунтів радіоактивно забруднених сільськогосподарських угідь у продукцію є видовий склад рослин, фізико-хімічні властивості ґрунту, а також погодні умови. Обґрунтовано необхідність постійного моніторингу та наукового супроводу розроблення і реалізації контрзаходів. Доведено, що використання сучасних технологій та ведення рентабельного сільськогосподарського виробництва є оптимальним способом реабілітації забруднених територій.
Influence of basic cultivation and fertilization on corn yield on irrigated soils of the Forest Steppe
Authors: Sliusar I. , Bohatyr L.
Published: December 2021

The study was conducted during the 2013–2015 yy on drained peatlands of Panfylska research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» (floodplain Supy, Yahotyn district, Kyiv region). Scheme experiment had three main methods of tillage: zero tillage (Roundup — 5 kg/ha), 10–12 cm disking, plowing at 25–27 cm; tillage imposed on this scheme fertilizer, without fertilizer (control), humisol, reacom, K90, R45K120, N45P45K120, N45P45K120 + Reacom. On plant growth and development was the main influence of tillage. The worst development of plants was observed under the zero tillage which averaged 226 cm, disking the soil 10–12 cm in corn helped improve growth corn and ensured increasing altitude plants relative to the zero tillage 6%, and the plowing of plant height average was 11% higher compared with zero cultivation. The most effective basic soil carbonate oldplowed peat under maize silage was plowed to a depth of 25–27 cm, which provides productivity gains for the complete mineral fertilizer disking against 2.7 t/ha as against zero cultivation — 10.6 t/ha silage. The greatest influence on the formation of silage corn was made by a complete fertilizer (N45P45K120) combined with reacom independently of the main cultivation, making only humisol reactions or increase yields provided for plowing by 6.8–8.9 t/ha; disking — 3.9–2.3 zero tillage — 1.3–6.2 t/ha silage. In this regard, to obtain high and stable yields of corn silage on peat soils one should examine and identify the impact of basic soil and fertilizers in peat soils of Forest-steppe.
Nitrogen-fixing microbial grouping of the root zone and buckwheat productivity under the influence of fungus Chaetomium cochliodes
Authors: Kopylov Ye. , Yovenko A.
Published: December 2021

It was established that treatment of buckwheat seeds with soil saprotroph mould Chaetomium cochliodes 3250 contributes to increase the number of N2-fixing bacteria in cropsroot zone. Thus, the number of Azospirillum and Azotobacter cell was getting more in rhizosphere soil. The number of all studied ecological-trophic bacteria groups was getting more on the root surface simultaneously with N2-fixation process intensification. Nitrogenase activity had grown in 1.3 times in rhizosphere soil and in 11.3 times on the root surface.The mold usage seemed to be positive to rise up the buckwheat harvest by 12.6%.
The concept of real losses as a component of the concept of losses in the sphere of intellectual property: category of law and economics
Authors: Shulpin Ihor
Published: December 2021

Keywords: real losses, intellectual property rights, object of intellectual propertyrights, subject of intellectual property rights, right to own, use and dispose of intellectualproperty rights, contractual obligations, non-contractual legal relations

This article provides an analysis and formulation of the category of «real losses» in thefield of intellectual property. The categories of «real losses» in relation to the propertysphere and the sphere of intellectual property are analysed and justified.First, the author will consider the concept of «real losses» in the property sphere,which was previously studied by many well-known legal scholars and lawyers. Further,we are talking about the structure and Element-by-Element composition of reallosses. Then, the concept of incurred and future expenses is considered.The author notes that everything that concerns the property sphere will also applyto the sphere of intellectual property to a certain extent, but a significant differencewill be that real losses in these areas apply to different subjects, objects and rights. After that, the author will try to provide and analyse the definition of the concept of«real losses» for regarding the sphere of intellectual property.Further, the author focuses on the concept of intellectual property law, the subjectof intellectual property rights, intellectual property rights, objects of intellectualproperty rights under the Civil Code of Ukraine. Also, the article deals with such conceptsas the rights of the owner of rights: the right to own, the right to use and theright to dispose. Further, we are talking about real expenses in the field of intellectualproperty.Summing up the theoretical material presented above and taking into account thechanges of the author that he proposed, the definition of the concept of "real losses" inthe field of intellectual property is given.According to the author, such a legal norm could be included in the fourth book«Intellectual Property Law», Chapter 35 «general provisions on intellectual propertylaw» of the Civil Code of Ukraine, in the article on losses.
Role of intellectual property as key element of innovation activities: legal grounds
Authors: Yarmoliuk Anastasiia
Published: December 2021

Keywords: intellectual property, intellectual property rights, innovation activities,innovation activity companies (entities), open innovations concept, open innovationplatforms

The article determinates that, on the background of a digitaleconomics actively development, the open innovations become a key source of digitalbreakthrough. The author states that within such a concept, the entities carryinginnovation activity, keep focus on monetizing both the internal research results aswell as the external ideas. Such approach, enhanced with external partners involvementinto the innovations process, helps the innovative technologies to move remarkablyfaster through the lifecycle. It is also emphasized that the approach enabling externalaccess to the companies’ innovations, need a concept to be set up, with focus onintellectual property rights protection. The author draws attention that the key roleof legal instruments for intellectual property protection, is to minimize the risk forthose companies which contribute to the innovations market development. It is clarifiedthat within such a concept, the innovation activity companies provide their partnersthe right to use the intellectual assets, which may be either already in use bysuch companies or idle to use. Thus, the companies providing legal protection of theintellectual property, have more favourite conditions to come into a strategic partnership.The author highlights that the innovations-industry companies make profitfrom getting access to science-research and related production outputs which areowned by their partners, as well as from further development of their own productsresulting from the intellectual property under the strategic agreement. The articlealso proposes creation of digital platforms which will facilitate the effective partnershipof the business, state organizations and innovation teams within the developmentprocess of innovation products.
Impact of Agriculture Radio Program among Rural Farmers: A Case Study of Nuwakot District of Nepal
Authors: Neupane (PhD) Madhusudan , Khanal (PhD) Shree Ram
Published: December 2021

The study has explored the impact of agriculture radio programs among rural farmers to increase their productivity and quality of life in rural area. It represents the positive effects of radio program on farmers who use to listen agriculture radio program regularly. This qualitative study was carried out by basic observation, focus group discussion, and in-depth interview as data collection tools. The study revealed that agriculture radio program had changed the knowledge, attitudes and practise of the farmers to increase productions. Agriculture radio programs were associated with various factual and fruitful activities, such as planting hybrid rice, off-season vegetables, using modern technique of farming, goat farming, poultry farming etc through agriculture radio programs. Enough resources, technical knowhow and incentives are crucial for the enhancement of the standards of life of farmers as well as their productivity.
The F-Box Protein Fbp1 Regulates Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans Through the Putative Zinc-Binding Protein Zbp1
Authors: Han Lian-Tao , Wu Yu-Juan , Liu Tong-Bao
Published: December 2021

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major protein turnover mechanism that plays an important role in regulating various cellular functions. F-box proteins are the key proteins of the UPS, responsible for the specific recognition and ubiquitination of downstream targets. Our previous studies showed that the F-box protein Fbp1 plays an essential role in the virulence of C. neoformans. However, the molecular mechanism of Fbp1 regulating the virulence of C. neoformans is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the potential Fbp1 substrates using an iTRAQ-based proteomic approach and identified the zinc-binding protein Zbp1 as a substrate of Fbp1. Protein interaction and stability assays showed that Zbp1 interacts with Fbp1 and is a downstream target of Fbp1. Ubiquitination analysis in vivo showed that the ubiquitination of Zbp1 is dependent on Fbp1 in C. neoformans. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the Zbp1 protein was localized in the nucleus of C. neoformans cells. In addition, both deletion and overexpression of the ZBP1 gene led to the reduced capsule size, while overexpression has a more significant impact on capsule size reduction. Fungal virulence assays showed that although the zbp1Δ mutants are virulent, virulence was significantly attenuated in the ZBP1 overexpression strains. Fungal load assay showed that the fungal burdens recovered from the mouse lungs decreased gradually after infection, while no yeast cells were recovered from the brains and spleens of the mice infected by ZBP1 overexpression strains. Thus, our results revealed a new determinant of fungal virulence involving the post-translational regulation of a zinc-binding protein.
The Role of Feed Restriction on DNA Methylation, Feed Efficiency, Metabolome, Biochemical Profile, and Progesterone Patterns in the Female Filial Generation (F1) Obtained From Early Feed Restricted Ewes (F0)
Authors: Andrés Sonia , Madsen Ole , Montero Olimpio , Martín Alba , Giráldez F. Javier
Published: December 2021

Deficient management of replacement animals in the farm during early developmental windows may promote adverse programming effects on reproductive traits and subsequent transmission to the next generation. In this sense, DNA methylation profiles allow researchers to decode epigenetic regulation mechanisms in mammals and identify novel candidate genes correlated with phenotype differences in both dams and offspring. Therefore, improving knowledge in the field of epigenetics and intergenerational effects caused by prenatal and postnatal early nutritional events (e.g., feed restriction) is crucial for refining strategies dedicated to animal breeding. In this study, we determined differences in the global blood methylation patterns, biochemical profile, and metabolome of ewe lambs (F1) born from either early feed restricted dams (F0-RES) or fed ad libitum (F0-ADL). Our data show that functional categories such as those related to cellular processes, phosphorylation, nervous system, immunity response, or reproductive function were enriched significantly in the F1-RES lambs due to differences in the methylation of genes in these categories. These F1-RES lambs did not show differences in feed efficiency during the replacement period but presented higher levels of insulin and triglycerides and reduced concentration of progesterone, whereas the metabolome profile demonstrated variations in the bile acid composition when compared with the F1-ADL lambs. Taken together, all these results suggest that intergenerational effects caused by early feed restriction of dams (F0) may persist in the F1 female lambs with negative consequences on genes involved in cellular processes and reproductive traits.
Study on Numerical Simulation Methods for Hypervelocity Impact on Large-Scale Complex Spacecraft Structures
Authors: Zhang Yanxi , An Fengjiang , Liao Shasha , Wu Cheng , Liu Jian , Li Yipeng
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to study the difference of results in breakup state judgment, debris cloud and fragment characteristic parameter during hypervelocity impact (HVI) on large-scale complex spacecraft structures by various numerical simulation methods. We compared the results of the test of aluminum projectile impact on an aluminum plate with the simulation results of the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), finite element method (FEM)-smoothed particle Galerkin (SPG) fixed coupling method, node separation method, and finite element method-smooth particle hydrodynamics adaptive coupling method under varying mesh/particle sizes. Then based on the test of the complex simulated satellite under hypervelocity impact of space debris, the most applicable algorithm was selected and used to verify the accuracy of the calculation results. It was found that the finite element method-smooth particle hydrodynamics adaptive coupling method has lower mesh sensitivity in displaying the contour of the debris cloud and calculating its characteristic parameters, making it more suitable for the full-scale numerical simulation of hypervelocity impact. Moreover, this algorithm can simulate the macro breakup state of the full-scale model with complex structure and output debris fragments with clear boundaries and accurate shapes. This study provides numerical simulation method options for the follow-up research on breakup conditions, damage effects, debris clouds, and fragment characteristics of large-scale complex spacecraft.
Modeling Basin-Scale Impacts of Cultivation Practices on Cotton Yield and Water Conservation under Various Hydroclimatic Regimes
Authors: Tan Lili , Zhang Yingqi , Marek Gary W. , Ale Srinivasulu , Brauer David K. , Chen Yong
Published: December 2021

The SWAT model equipped with an improved auto-irrigation function was used to assess the impacts of cultivation practices on irrigated and dryland cotton yield and water conservation in the Texas Panhandle. Results showed the largest irrigation depth led to reductions in irrigation and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with slightly increased cotton yields compared to the baseline scenarios under different hydroclimatic regimes. However, soil water content and surface runoff values were increased when using the largest irrigation depth. The opposite results were observed for the small irrigation depth. Early planting of cotton resulted in decreased irrigation and ETc, and increased cotton yields under both irrigated and dryland conditions, particularly in normal and wet years. By contrast, the late planting scenarios indicated the opposite for those variables. Simulated hydrologic variables were relatively stable using various maturity cultivars. Nevertheless, greater than 10% reductions in irrigated cotton yield under diverse hydroclimatic years and dryland yields during normal and wet years were identified in the long-season cotton. The opposite was determined for the short-season cotton. These outcomes suggest that a larger irrigation depth, earlier planting date, and short-season cultivar are promising cultivation practices for improving cotton yield and water conservation in the Texas Panhandle.
Assessment of a Postharvest Treatment with Pyrimethanil via Thermo-Nebulization in Controlling Storage Rots of Apples
Authors: Büchele Felix , Neuwald Daniel A. , Scheer Christian , Wood Rachael M. , Vögele Ralf T. , Wünsche Jens N.
Published: December 2021

Apples are very susceptible to infections from various fungal pathogens during the growing season due to prolonged exposure to environmental influences in the field. Therefore, a strict and targeted fungicide strategy is essential to protect fruit and trees. Increased environmental and health concerns and pathogen resistance have resulted in a rising demand to reduce fungicide usage and residues on marketed fruit. Thus, producers must develop new plant protection strategies to conform to the legal and social demands while still offering high-quality apples. This study assessed the efficacy of a post-harvest fungicide treatment with pyrimethanil via thermo-nebulization for controlling storage rots and compared the results to those of standard pre-harvest fungicide strategies. The results showed that a single post-harvest application of pyrimethanil successfully controlled storage rots and is comparable to strategies using multiple pre-harvest fungicide applications. The control of fungal rot was sustained even after 5 months of storage and 2 weeks of shelf life. Thermo-nebulization into the storage facility allowed for a lower dosage of fungicide to be used compared to pre-harvest applications, while still maintaining optimal rot control. Residue analyses showed that the post-harvest fungicide treatment did not exceed legal or retailer’s standards.
Commercial Cultivation of Australian Wild Oryza spp.: A Review and Conceptual Framework for Future Research Needs
Authors: Abdelghany Gehan , Wurm Penelope , Hoang Linh Thi My , Bellairs Sean Mark
Published: December 2021

Wild Oryza species are being targeted for commercial cultivation due to their high nutritional grain profile, and their association with Aboriginal people in many regions. Australian wild Oryza species have potential as high-value, low-volume, culturally identified, and nutritious food, especially in gourmet food, tourism, restaurants, and value-added products. However, the basic agronomic protocols for their cultivation as a field crop are unknown. In this review, we identify the major factors supporting the commercial production of wild Oryza, including their stress-tolerant capacity, excellent grain quality attributes, and Indigenous cultural identification of their grains. The key challenges to be faced during the development of a wild rice industry are also discussed which include management barriers, processing issues, undesirable wild traits, and environmental concern. This manuscript proposes the use of agronomic research, in combination with breeding programs, as an overarching framework for the conceptualization and implementation of a successful wild rice industry, using the North American wild rice industry as a case study. The framework also suggests an integrated system that connects producers, industry, and government stakeholders. The suggested procedures for developing a wild rice industry in Australia are also applicable for other wild Oryza species.
Photovoltaics and Electrification in Agriculture
Authors: Muñoz-García Miguel A. , Hernández-Callejo Luis
Published: December 2021

The editorial introduces a Special Issue entitled “Photovoltaics and Electrification in Agriculture” [...]
Virulence Structure of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Population in Serbia
Authors: Lalošević Mirjana , Jevtić Radivoje , Župunski Vesna , Maširević Stevan , Orbović Branka
Published: December 2021

Powdery mildew is a common, economically important disease in the wheat growing area of Serbia. A large-scale virulence survey of its causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici population was performed in the period 1995–2013. A total of 1013 isolates were recovered from the collected chasmothecial samples. Among them, 862 unique pathotypes were identified using a differential set of 20 wheat lines with known powdery mildew (Pm) resistant genes. The pathogen was highly diverse. Number of virulence genes (virulence complexity) per isolate was large, supporting a constant need to extend the differential set of wheat with newly identified Pm genes. Virulence frequencies to Pm6, Pm7, and Pm5+8 were high throughout the 19-year period, in contrast with that to Pm5+6, which was consistently at a low level. The most significant change in the population was observed for virulence to the Pm2+4b+6 gene combination, with an increasing frequency of virulence to this gene combination over the years. High virulence complexity and genetic diversity of the population are the most influential factors for the damaging epidemics that this pathogen can cause.
A Comparative Study of Turbulence Methods Applied to the Design of a 3D-Printed Scaffold and the Selection of the Appropriate Numerical Scheme to Simulate the Scaffold for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Suffo Miguel , López-Marín Cristobal J.
Published: December 2021

Current commercial software tools implement turbulence models on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and combine them with fluid-structural interaction (FSI) techniques. There are currently a great variety of turbulence methods that are worth investigating through a comparative study in order to delineate their behavior on scaffolds used in tissue engineering and bone regeneration. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers the opportunity to obtain three-dimensional printed scaffolds (3D scaffolds) that are designed respecting morphologies and that are typically used for the fused deposition model (FDM). These are typically made using biocompatible and biodegradable materials, such as polyetherimide (PEI), ULTEM 1010 biocompatible and polylactic acid (PLA). Starting from our own geometric model, simulations were carried out applying a series of turbulence models which have been proposed due to a variety of properties, such as permeability, speed regime, pressures, depressions and stiffness, that in turn are subject to boundary conditions based on a blood torrent. The obtained results revealed that the detached eddy simulation (DES) model shows better performance for the use of 3D scaffolds in its normal operating regime. Finally, although the results do not present relevant differences between the two materials used in the comparison, the prototypes simulated in PEI ULTEM 1010 do not allow their manufacture in FDM for the required pore size. The printed 3D scaffolds of PLA reveal an elastic behavior and a rigidity that are similar to other prototypes of ceramic composition. Prototypes made of PLA reveal unpredictable variability in pore and layer size which are very similar to cell growth itself and difficult to keep constant.
Oral Cancer Knowledge and Awareness among Patients Referred to a University Dental Hospital in North Cyprus
Authors: Firincioglulari Mujgan , Aksoy Secil , Orhan Kaan
Published: December 2021

Public knowledge about oral cancer may help to prevent and detect the disease at an early stage. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge levels on oral cancer symptoms and risk factors among patients attending a faculty of dentistry in North Cyprus. A total of 250 adult dental patients participated voluntarily in a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic profile, oral cancer awareness, and knowledge. A total of 54.8% of the participants were male and 91.2% of the participants had a high school diploma and above education. Most participants were knowledgeable about oral cancer symptoms and a majority of them identified oral ulceration (64%). Tobacco cessation was the most selected option for protecting from oral cancer (79.6%). Significant differences were found between genders in current smokers, past tobacco users, alcohol users, and HPV awareness questions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, awareness and knowledge questions were compared between smoker and non-smoker participants and significant differences were found in the answers of ‘alcohol may cause mouth cancer’ and ‘quit tobacco use to prevent oral cancer’ (p < 0.05). This study showed that most of the participants were aware that tobacco cessation reduces the risk of oral cancer. The survey results showed that patients in North Cyprus are generally aware of the risk of tobacco-related oral cancer, but they demonstrate lower knowledge about other risk factors.
Development of a Reliable Vibration Based Health Indicator for Monitoring the Lubricating Condition of the Toggle Clamping System of a Plastic Injection Molding Machine
Authors: Morgan Wani J. , Chu Hsiao-Yeh
Published: December 2021

Plastic injection molding has become one of the most widely used polymer processing methods due to its ability to viably produce large volumes of complex parts in a short time frame. Most of the plastic injection molding machines currently used in industry possess a toggle clamping mechanism that undergoes a repeated clamping and unclamping cycle during operation. This toggle must therefore be properly lubricated to avoid catastrophic failure and eventual machine downtime. To overcome this limitation, the industry currently relies on the experience of a skilled operator, paired with a fixed empirical value, to determine the timing for re-lubrication. This method often leads to the machine operator either wasting lubricant by over-lubricating the toggle, or damaging the toggle by failing to re-lubricate when needed. Herein, we explore the use of vibration analysis to perform real-time condition monitoring of the lubrication condition of the toggle clamping system. In this study, our novel structural response analysis out performed both traditional time domain and frequency domain analyses in isolating the vibrational signatures indicative of lubricant degradation. Additionally, this study confirms that the vibration generated during the unclamping period of the toggle, proved to contain more valuable information relevant to the instantaneous lubricant quality than provided by its corresponding clamping period.
Application of Hydrogen Peroxide to Improve the Microbiological Stability of Food Ice Produced in Industrial Facilities
Authors: Barbaccia Pietro , Lipocelli Leopoldo , Moschetti Giancarlo , Francesca Nicola , De Martino Simone , Arrigo Vincenzo , Gaglio Raimondo , Settanni Luca
Published: December 2021

This work was aimed to produce an “active” food ice to preserve its microbiological safety over time. With this in mind, ice cubes were processed with the addition of H2O2 to water before freezing. Four food ice productions were performed at the industrial level: one control trial without the addition of H2O2 (0OX) and three experimental trials obtained by adding 4, 8, and 12 mg/L of H2O2 (4OX, 8OX, and 12OX), respectively. After production, all food ice trials were artificially contaminated with 102 CFU/100 mL of water-borne pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enteroccus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) inoculated individually. Thawed ice samples were then subjected to microbiological analyses performed by the membrane filtration method and the results indicated that only trial 12OX was able to inactivate all bacteria strains. In conclusion, the addition of 12 mg/L H2O2 represents an optimal cost-effective strategy to preserve the microbiological stability of food ice even when it is improperly handled after production.
Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials
Authors: Hubert Florian , Bader Tobias , Wahl Larissa , Hofmann Andreas , Lomakin Konstantin , Sippel Mark , Travitzky Nahum , Gold Gerald
Published: December 2021

Ceramic materials are chemical- and temperature-resistant and, therefore, enable novel application fields ranging from automotive to aerospace. With this in mind, this contribution focuses on developing an additive manufacturing approach for 3D-printed waveguides made of ceramic materials. In particular, a special design approach for ceramic waveguides, which introduces non-radiating slots into the waveguides sidewalls, and a customized metallization process, are presented. The developed process allows for using conventional stereolithographic desktop-grade 3D-printers. The proposed approach has, therefore, benefits such as low-cost fabrication, moderate handling effort and independence of the concrete waveguide geometry. The performance of a manufactured ceramic WR12 waveguide is compared to a commercial waveguide and a conventionally printed counterpart. For that reason, relevant properties, such as surface roughness and waveguide geometry, are characterized. Parsing the electrical measurements, the ceramic waveguide specimen features an attenuation coefficient of 30–60 dB/m within the E-Band. The measured attenuation coefficient is 200% and 300% higher compared to the epoxy resin and the commercial waveguide and is attributed to the increased surface roughness of the ceramic substrate.