bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
16.4: Low‐Power Data Driver for TFT‐LCDs Using Energy Recovery Circuit
Authors: Kim J. H. , Sung Y. C. , Lee D. U. , Kwon O. K.
Published: January 2005

A data driver using energy recovery circuit with one inductor and two capacitors (L2C) of L‐C resonant phenomenon, which has been used in PDPs, is proposed for low‐power TFT‐LCDs. Experimental results show that 78.8% of AC power can be saved for TFT‐LCDs with SXGA resolution. The proposed L2C energy recovery circuit has very simple structure that it can be realized with very small area‐overhead.
7.4L: Late‐News Paper: Reduction of Memory Capacity in Feedforward Driving by Image Compression
Authors: Someya Jun , Yamakawa Masaki , Okuda Noritaka , Kimura Tomohiro , Yoshida Masayuki , Gofuku Eishi
Published: January 2005

The algorithm to reduce the memory capacity in FFD (Feedforward Driving) is discussed. FFD improves the motion video on LCD. The application of image compression technology achieves approximately one tenth‐order reduction of memory capacity.
18.3: Invited Paper: The Display Applications and Physics of the ProFlux™ Wire Grid Polarizer
Authors: Hansen Douglas , Gardner Eric , Perkins Raymond , Lines Michael , Robbins Arthur
Published: January 2005

Each year the Society awards the Display of the Year Award to several leading edge display devices or technologies that provide innovative solutions to an information display need. The following paper provides a summary of a 2001 Display of the Year award recipient. The new polarization technology described here enables new solutions to difficult and fundamental problems in the display industry. It is applicable and valuable in all types of Liquid‐Crystal (LC) displays or other applications of polarization in information display technology.
19.1: The Simulation Based Drop/Impact Design of PDP Module
Authors: Kim C. S. , Shin K. B. , Booh S. W. , Soh W. Y.
Published: January 2005

A simulation and test validation for drop/impact design method of PDP module is suggested. First, we set up the experimental criterion and damage boundary curve, especially for the understanding of drop characteristics of PDP module. Second, we suggested its failure criterion based on computer simulation results, and performed the DOE design process to improve the impact endurance of the product.
19.2: Formation of Barrier Ribs for PDP by Injection Molding Method
Authors: Choi Hak‐Nyun , Kim Hyun‐Sung , Kim Yong‐Seog , Joe Sung‐Won
Published: January 2005

In this study, a new processing route of barrier ribs for the plasma display panels was attempted. A paste containing ceramic powders for the barrier ribs, binder, hardener, and other additives, was injection molded into a polymeric mold and cured prior to mold removal. Effects of several processing parameters such as mold preparation conditions, compositions of the paste, and molding conditions on the morphology of the barrier ribs formed were investigated. The results indicated that the injection molding route is capable of producing barrier ribs of fine pitch and complicated morphologies.
19.4: A Novel AC PDP with Shadow Mask
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Li Qing , Tu Yan , Tang Yongming , Xia Jun , Zheng Yaosheng , Wang Baoping , Yin Hanchun , Tong Linsu
Published: January 2005

A newly developed AC PDP with shadow mask (SM‐PDP) is presented in this paper. Using shadow mask made of invar will cut down the manufacture cost of PDP and improve the performance instead of normal rib walls made of dielectric materials significantly. A 14″ monochromatic SM‐PDP (240×200) and a 14″ color SM‐PDP (80×RGB×200) have been made and video display have been realized.
20.2: Wide‐Viewing‐Angle Transflective TFT‐LCDs with Hybrid Aligned Nematic Compensators
Authors: Yoda E. , Uesaka T. , Ogasawara T. , Toyooka T.
Published: January 2005

We have developed a novel transflective TFT‐LCD with a hybrid aligned nematic compensator (NH film). We discuss the effects of the optical parameters of NH film based on the results of computer simulations. When the parameters are optimized, a newly developed display made with NH film exhibits a high contrast ratio and good grayscale stability over a wide range of viewing angles in the transmissive mode. In particular, grayscale inversion in the vertical direction is well restrained.
21.1: Ink Jet Printing of Passive‐Matrix Polymer Light Emitting Displays
Authors: Haskal E. I. , Buechel M. , Dijksman J. F. , Duineveld P. C. , Meulenkamp E. A. , Mutsaers C. A. H. A. , Sempel A. , Snijder P. , Vulto S. I. E. , van de Weijer P. , de Winter S. H. P. M.
Published: January 2005

The requirement and characteristics for red, green and blue (RGB) electroluminescent polymers[1,2] suitable for fabricating monochrome and full‐color passive‐matrix polymer display[3] will be discussed. The controlled deposition of the light‐emitting polymers is accomplished through the use of high‐resolution ink jet printing[4,5], where the materials are first tested in devices prepared using spincoating techniques. The specifications for polymer materials, as well as the display design which must be taken into account to make a high‐resolution passive‐matrix display with low power consumption are presented.
8.1: Seamless Tiling of AMLCDs for Large Area Displays
Authors: Krusius J. P. , Seraphim D. P. , Greene R. G. , Yost B.
Published: January 2005

Each year the Society awards the Display of the Year Award to several leading edge devices or technologies that provide innovative solutions to an information display need. The following paper provides a summary of a 2001 Display of the Year Award recipient. The technology described has been developed to facilitate the design and manufacture of large‐area direct‐view active‐matrix‐liquid‐crystal‐displays (AMLCDs) that are tiled together without visible seams. A 37.5″ size, 1×3 tile array, 16×9 aspect ratio, 852×480 format (WVGA), seamlessly tiled color AMLCD has been designed and manufactured. The brightness, dark contrast, ambient contrast, and backlight lamp lifetime are 500 cd/m2, 500:1, 200:1, and 40,000 hrs, respectively. This product, Spectrum 3750, is being transitioned into volume manufacturing. Higher resolution 42″ WXGA and HDTV products and a smaller 32″ WVGA product are being designed. Rainbow offers the Spectrum 3750 product for OEM and direct sales starting during the second half of 2002.
22.1: Ultra‐Low‐Power Polysilicon AMLCD with Full Integration
Authors: Senda M. , Tsutsui Y. , Yokoyama R. , Yoneda K. , Matsumoto S. , Sasaki A.
Published: January 2005

An LTPS TFT LCD was developed that only consumes 0.07 mW of power. It is the world's first LCD equipped with all the circuits needed to display static images continuously for up to one year on a button battery. At the same time, the panel is capable of displaying full‐color moving pictures.
23.2: The Visibility of a Color Gradient Across the Screen for Stimuli Presented Time‐Sequentially or Simultaneously
Authors: Heynderickx I. , Seuntiëns P. , IJsselsteijn W. , Langendijk E. H. A.
Published: January 2005

The visibility threshold of a color gradient across the screen is determined for the specific application of mobile displays. The color gradient was implemented as a change in saturation or in hue from the center of the screen towards the edges in horizontal direction. Its visibility threshold is determined in a double‐stimulus subjective test. To investigate the influence of the way stimuli are presented in this type of tests, each pair of stimuli is shown twice to the subjects: once with the two stimuli of the pair simultaneously, and once with the two stimuli of the pair time‐sequentially. The results exhibit a remarkable difference in the effect of the way stimuli are presented between the visibility in a saturation gradient and in a hue gradient.
23.3: Influence of White‐point Setting and Contrast on Perceived Image Quality
Authors: Jun Xia , Lu Liu , Heynderickx I. , Chun Yin H.
Published: January 2005

The effect on the perceived colorfulness, sharpness and overall image quality of the white‐point setting, the contrast ratio and their mutual interaction have been investigated for different cultural backgrounds and ambient illuminations. The image quality assessments have been repeated in Europe at one ambient illumination condition and in China at two different illumination environments. The results indicate that the preferred white‐point setting and contrast value mainly depend on the content of the displayed images.
24.2: Development of the Lubricant Anti‐smudge Material for Anti‐reflective Coatings
Authors: Lee S.‐K. , Inoue M. , Kondo H. , Hanaoka H.
Published: January 2005

A new well‐lubricated anti‐smudge material for anti‐reflective (AR)coating has been developed. The material is the fluorinated compound (AS2), which has an alkoxy silano group as a polar group at both end of a perfluoropolyether (PFPE)molecule. The surface energy and kinetic friction force of the thin film of the material on the AR coating are 14.2 mN/m and 103 mN, respectively. It is observed experimentally that the thin film enhances the abrasion resistance of the AR coated plastic film.
25.2: Invited Paper: The Route Towards a High Efficacy PDP; Influence of Driving Condition, Xe Partial Pressure, and Cell Design
Authors: Oversluizen G. , de Zwart S. , Dekker T. , Gillies M. F.
Published: January 2005

PDP efficacy improvement factors are investigated. It is found that plasma saturation is not limiting the discharge efficiency for practical driving conditions. Key elements for high discharge efficiency are: a high Xe partial pressure, a high sustain voltage and a dedicated cell design. In a color test panel a white luminance of 3500 cd/m2and an efficacy of 4 lm/W is realized.
25.3: Luminous Efficacy Dependence of Kr2* Excimer ACPDP on Sustain Driving Conditions
Authors: Hatanaka Hidekazu , Kim Gi‐Young , Kim Young‐Mo , Park Hyoung‐Bin , Im Seoung‐Jae , Hong Ji‐Hyun , Lee Yoon‐Jung
Published: January 2005

Sustain driving conditions for Kr2* excimer ACPDP are investigated with real 6‐inch panels. At the optimized driving with 5 kHz, the PDP with a mixture of Kr: Ne = 50:50 (%) shows the efficacy of 1.6 lm/W, which is over 2 times higher than that of the same PDP panel with a conventional mixture (Xe: Ne = 4:96 (%), 0.7 lm/W).
25.4: An Address‐Voltage‐Modulation Drive for High‐Luminous‐Efficiency ac‐PDPs
Authors: Yamamoto Kenichi , Kajiyama Hiroshi , Suzuki Keizo , Ho Shirun , Kawanami Yoshimi
Published: January 2005

The developed address‐vlotage‐modulation drive generates pre‐discharge in an ac‐PDP (plasma display panel) by applying a rising address‐pulse voltage during the sustain‐pulse‐open period. This pre‐discharge increases the panel luminous efficiency by approximately 30%. This increase in luminous efficiency is a result of decreases in effective discharge voltage and electron temperature.
26.2: Molecular Alignment in Crystal Polarizers and Retarders
Authors: Fiske Thomas , Ignatov Leonid , Lazarev Pavel , Nazarov Victor , Paukshto Michael
Published: January 2005

Optiva, Inc. has developed new technology for Thin Crystal Film (TCF) polarizers and retarders manufactured by deposition and drying of water‐based lyotropic liquid crystal materials. An effective method to control and monitor two significant steps of this technology, a self‐assembly into rod‐like supramolecules in liquid material and its subsequent molecular alignment into TCF, is X‐ray diffraction. There is direct correlation between X‐ray data and the final optical characteristics of TCF polarizers and retarders and therefore its implementation into LCD applications.
27.2: Linear Source Deposition of Organic Layers for Full‐Color OLED
Authors: Van Slyke Steven , Pignata Angelo , Freeman Dennis , Redden Neil , Waters Dave , Kikuchi H. , Negishi T. , Kanno H. , Nishio Y. , Nakai M.
Published: January 2005

A key requirement for fabrication of organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays is uniform film deposition over large areas because of the sensitivity of emission color and efficiency on film thickness. Conventional deposition using point sources is unattractive because of the requirement of a large source to substrate separation, usually with substrate rotation, to achieve acceptable thin film uniformity. By translating a novel extended linear evaporation source in a single direction, film non‐uniformity of less than 5% has been demonstrated over a 300 mm × 400 mm substrate with a source to substrate separation of 100 mm. OLEDs with all organic layers deposited using linear sources have been determined to operate identically to devices fabricated using conventional point sources. The performance of doped and undoped devices as well as the advantages of linear source deposition over conventional deposition techniques will be described.
27.3: New In‐Line Machine Concept for OLED Manufacturing
Authors: Hoffmann U. , Netuschil P. , Sauer P. , Lotz H.‐G. , Klöppel A. , Bender M. , Trube J.
Published: January 2005

A profitable mass production of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays needs a new type of manufacturing equipment. We present the concept of a vertical In‐Line machine equipped with linear etch and linear evaporation sources for organic materials(small molecules) and sputter as well as evaporation sources for metals and ITO.
28.2: Development of a 312ppi 4.1‐inch XGA Display with Low Temperature Poly‐Si Technology
Authors: Kung Nien‐Hui , Yeh Yung‐Hui , Chen Chih‐Chiang , Chang Shang‐Wen , Wang Li‐Wing , Wang Bowen , Chen Shang‐Li , Chen Pi‐Fu , Kang Yu‐Ming , Liu Shau‐Shen
Published: January 2005

A 312 ppi super high resolution TFT LCD panel with integrated scan driver and de‐multiplexer is developed by employing PMOS of the Low Temperature Poly‐Silicon technology. On the panel, 192 data inputs, driven by exclusive ASIC with 6‐bit gray‐scale to display 262,144 colors, are de‐multiplexed into 16 phases for all the data lines.
28.3: A Shared Column‐Line Driving Method for High Pixel Density
Authors: Sung Yoo‐Chang , Choi Byong‐Deok , Kwon Oh‐Kyong
Published: January 2005

We have developed Shared Column‐Line Driving (SCLD) method, by which the number of data driver LSIs is reduced to a half of conventional ones without doubling the number of gate lines. This paper shows the concept and system configuration of the SCLD method which can be applied for high pixel density and low cost TFT‐LCDs.
29‐1: 100‐Hz Video Upconversion in Plasma Displays
Authors: Hoppenbrouwers J. J. L. , van Woudenberg R.
Published: January 2005

Three main aspects of picture quality are motion arifacts, large area flicker and the number of (distingushable) grey levels. These are optimized by a new method that implements 100‐Hz video upconversion techniques in subfield shemes for PDP.
29.2: Motion Picture Simulation for Designing High‐Picture‐Quality Hold‐Type Displays
Authors: Sasaki Daigo , Imai Masao , Hayama Hiroshi
Published: January 2005

We have performed a novel motion picture simulation that can reproduce the perception of moving images on a screen of hold‐type displays as still images. It can be used to evaluate motion picture quality quantitatively and to help improve the quality through optimization of the values of relevant parameters in hold‐type displays like liquid crystal displays.
30.2: A Gray Scale Expression Technique Having Constant Increments of Perceived Luminance Using a Contiguous Subfield Scheme
Authors: Yamada M. , Ishii M. , Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S.
Published: January 2005

A technique is introduced with which increments of perceived luminance at each jump of the gray level can be made constant. This improves the gray scale expression at low luminance levels. The technique also allows to compensate for the phosphor/VUV saturation, and can provide any of the I/O characteristics to enhance image expression.
31.2: Vertically Aligned Field‐Sequential Microdisplay
Authors: Anderson James E. , Gandhi Jignesh , Erdmann John
Published: January 2005

Liquid crystal materials have advanced sufficiently such that very thin microdisplays can be made. A vertically aligned cell having sufficient speed for field sequential color has been designed. Simulations are shown, along with preliminary experimental results. The experimental results show a photopic contrast greater than 1000:1 at an F/# of 3.3.
31.3: A New Type of Liquid Crystal Diffractive Light Valve with Very Small Pixel Size
Authors: Wang Bin , Bos Philip J. , Chung David B.
Published: January 2005

Polymer wall confined switchable diffractive liquid crystal light valve is investigated by two‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) optical simulations and liquid crystal director calculations. The calculated brightness vs. device pixel size and the number of turn “ON” pixels are provided. The results indicate that this kind of device is very promising candidate for high resolution and high brightness projection displays.
32.2: An Innovative Pixel‐Driving Scheme for 64‐Level Gray‐Scale Full‐Color Active Matrix OLED Displays
Authors: Akimoto Hajime , Kageyama Hiroshi , Shimizu Yoshiteru , Awakura Hiroki , Nishitani Shigeyuki , Sato Toshihiro
Published: January 2005

Innovative pixel driving for active matrix OLED displays is described. A full‐color display with a luminous deviation of less than 1.6%, which means a 6‐bit or 64‐level gray‐scale accuracy, is shown. The driving is preferable for full‐color video with gamma correction.
P‐5: Asymmetric‐Vdd Current Mirror Pixel for Active Matrix OLED Displays
Authors: Lo Shin‐Shian , Chang Tzeng‐Wen , Lo Shin‐Tai
Published: January 2005

We propose a novel current programmable pixel structure for AMOLEDs by using 4 TFTs and 1 capacitor. The new pixel circuit, which is called “Asymmetric‐Vdd Current Mirror Pixel”, can compensate the characteristic variation of TFTs and reduce the charging time without any complex control signal line.
P‐6: A Novel Self‐Aligned Lightly‐Doped‐Drain Polysilicon Thin‐Film Transistor Using a Partial Exposure Technique
Authors: Xiong Zhibin , Liu Haitao , Sin Johnny K. O.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, a novel self‐aligned lightly‐doped‐drain (LDD) Poly‐Si TFT using a partial exposure technique is proposed and demonstrated. The LDD region is self‐aligned to the channel and with a length ranging from 0.4 μm to a few μm. The different LDD lengths can be obtained simply by different layout designs. The partial exposure technique for obtaining the LDD is simple and effective, and does not require any additional mask. Experimental results show that the on/off current ratio of the LDD Poly‐Si TFT with 0.5 μm LDD length and 5 μm channel length is approximately 12 times larger than that of the conventional non‐LDD TFT.
P‐7: The Horizontal Electrodes Structure for High Aperture Ratio IPS Mode (H‐IPS mode)
Authors: Kim Do‐Sung , Kang Byung‐Goo , Choi Woon‐Sub , Soh Hoe‐Sup , Kim Woo‐Yeol , Jung Ki‐Yeol , Lee Hyun‐Kyu , Park Young‐Seok
Published: January 2005

We designed a new pixel layout to improve the aperture ratio of IPS mode TFT‐LCD(H‐IPS). This H‐IPS pixel layout design has reduced the width of side common electrode used to minimize the cross talk and light leakage which is induced by interference between data bus line and side common electrode of conventional IPS mode. The side common electrodes of a pixel can be reduced by horizontal layout of interdigital electrode pattern where conventional IPS pixel designs have vertical layout of interdigital electrodes. We realized 15 inch XGA TFT LCD of H‐IPS structure which has aperture ratio as much as 1.2 times of corresponding conventional IPS pixel design.
P‐9: Characteristics of Organic Thin Film Transistors with Surface‐treated Polymer Gate Insulator
Authors: Kang Sung‐In , Park Jea‐Hoon , Lee Jong‐Hyuk , Choi Jong‐Sun
Published: January 2005

In this work, the electrical characteristics of organic thin film transistors(OTFTs) with the surface‐treated polymer insulator have been investigated. The linear polarized‐UV(LP‐UV) light was exposed on the gate dielectric surface, which is one of the promising methods to induce orientation layers for liquid crystal displays. This treatment modifies the pentacene‐polymer interface and improves OTFT characteristics.
P‐10: A Novel Double Pulse Scan Method for Fast Driving of a π Cell
Authors: Lee Jong Lac , Lee Seo Hern , Jhun Chul Gyu , Kim Jae Chang , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: January 2005

We propose a novel driving method which is very effective for the display of moving pictures on a π cell. In the new driving method, we proposed each scan pulse is divided into two parts for fast switching unlike the conventional active matrix driving method that uses one scan pulse for each frame. By overdriving or underdriving the π cell using an appropriate data voltage during the first scan time and applying a desired data voltage to the cell during the second scan time, we can achieve fast switching between all gray levels.
P‐11: An Improved Voltage Programmed Pixel Structure for Large Size and High Resolution AM‐OLED Displays
Authors: Choi Sang‐Moo , Kwon Oh‐Kyong , Chung Ho‐Kyun
Published: January 2005

We propose an improved pixel structure for large size and high resolution AM‐OLED(Active matrix‐Organic Light Emitting Diode) displays. The proposed structure is composed of 5 TFT and 1 capacitor. It can compensate not only the threshold voltage variation of LTPS(Low Temperature Poly Silicon) TFTs but also the voltage drop of supply voltage on panel. Moreover, it operates with simple structure and control signals. In this paper, we describe the operating principle and the characteristics of the proposed pixel structure and verify the performance by HSPICE simulation comparing with those of previously reported structures.
P‐13: Poly‐Si TFT Fabricated at 170°C Using ICP‐CVD and Excimer Laser Annealing for Plastic Substrate
Authors: Shin Moon Young , Han Sang‐Myeon , Lee Min‐Cheol , Shin Hee‐Sun , Han Min‐Koo , Kwon Jang‐Yeon , Noguchi Takashi
Published: January 2005

We have fabricated polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) thin film transistor (TFT) at 170°C using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP‐CVD) and excimer laser annealing (ELA). A Poly‐Si film with large grains exceeding 3000Å and a SiO2 film with N2O plasma pre‐treatment in order to reduce the oxide charge densities as well as to increase the breakdown field are deposited by ICP‐CVD. Our experimental results show that the proposed treatment improved the flat‐band voltage from −3V to −1.8V. The proposed treatment also improved poly‐Si TFT characteristics such as low sub‐threshold swing of 0.43V/dec.
P‐15: A New Pixel Design for Amorphous‐Silicon Backplane of Active‐Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Goh Joon‐Chul , Kim Choong‐Ki , Jang Jin
Published: January 2005

A new pixel design for amorphous‐silicon backplane of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode displays (AMOLEDs), is proposed. The circuit, composed of four TFTs and two capacitors, can compensate the threshold voltage shift of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin‐film transistors (a‐Si:H TFTs) and the turn‐on voltage shift of OLEDs during operation.
P‐16: A New Driving Method to Compensate for Row Line Signal Propagation Delays in an AMLCD
Authors: Kim Soo Hwan , Kim Gyoung Bum , Kim Suk Ki , McCartney Richard I.
Published: January 2005

The distributed capacitive and resistive nature of both the row and column lines in an AMLCD introduces significant propagation delays to their respective addressing signals. The row signal delay is conventionally accommodated by shortening the row select time, which requires lower TFT on‐resistance to provide adequate charging ratios of the pixels. We present a new approach to column driving which results in a much‐improved pixel‐charging ratio. The benefit is of particular interest to large‐area, high‐resolution, wide‐aspect‐ratio, LCD TVs.
LP‐1:Late‐News Poster:Development of a Novel Transflective‐Type VA‐LCD
Authors: Koma Norio , Mitsui Masashi , Inoue Kazuhiro , Maeda Kazuyuki , Yamada Tsutomu , Tanaka Yoshiki
Published: January 2005

We propose a novel transflective‐type of vertical alignment liquid crystal display (VA‐LCD) that adopts a new direction control method and an RGB multi‐gap structure. The shape of the pixel electrodes and the direction control projections are optimized to decrease disclination lines with fixation, and higher transmittance and reflectance are obtained. In addition, the RGB multi‐gap structure results in excellent voltage‐chromaticity characteristics at a low driving voltage. We also propose a process for producing this LCD.
LP‐2: Late‐News Poster: QVGA Color Microdisplay using Light Emitting Polymer on CMOS
Authors: Underwood I. , Wright J. , Bodammer G. , Buckley A. , Burns D. , Giebeler C. , Gourlay J. , Graham A. , Newsam M. , Monteith R. , Nicol D. , Parmiter P. , Steven D. , Wilkinson C. , Whitelegg S. , Woodburn R.
Published: January 2005

A novel emissive microdisplay technology incorporates light emitting polymer directly on a CMOS substrate. A new color microdisplay with QVGA pixel‐count (320 × RGB × 240) is reported. Benefits for electronic viewfinders and head‐mounted displays include very low power consumption plus simplified drive electronics and opto‐mechanics.
LP‐3: Late‐News Poster: A 2.1‐in. QCIF+ CG‐Silicon LCD with a Low Power Non‐Linear DAC
Authors: Zebedee Patrick , Brownlow Mike , Lock Jeremy , Walton Harry , Kubota Yasushi , Maeda Kazuhiro , Matsuda Noboru , Washio Hajime
Published: January 2005

A 2.1′ QCIF+ (176 × 208) Continuous Grain Silicon LCD with a monolithic 6‐bit digital driver has been developed. The panel uses a low power, buffer‐less architecture based on a new non‐linear digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC), and features a new, reduced bezel size, bi‐directional shift register.
P‐20: Antireflection Systems for Flat Panel Displays ‐ an overview
Authors: Boerner Volkmar , Kübler Volker , Bläsi Benedikt , Gombert Andreas
Published: January 2005

The design of the front surface of a display, the interface to the viewer, requires careful selection of materials and coatings. The most prominent requirements for the front surface material are reflection or glare treatment, scratch resistance and of course a good optical appearance. Different types of optical films and coatings are available with different types of antireflection systems. This article gives an overview over available antireflection (AR) systems and compares their performance and their limitations. The comparison covers interference AR coatings made by thin film deposition either by evaporation or from liquid phase (sol‐gel), single and multilayer thin film systems, graded index profile systems (porous and motheye), antiglare (AG) and combined AG/AR systems.
P‐21: Extremely Compact High‐Performance HMDs Based on Substrate‐Guided Optical Element
Authors: Amitai Yaakov
Published: January 2005

A novel technology is presented which facilitates the design and fabrication of extremely compact light‐guide optical elements (LOE) for, among other applications, head‐mounted displays. The technology enables the achievement of very wide fields‐of view (FOVs), together with relatively large eye‐motion‐box values, see‐through capability (even for daylight conditions), full color performance and diffraction‐limited optical quality.
P‐24: Terrain Texture and 3‐D Object Cues in the Control of Heading in Simulated Flight
Authors: Patterson Robert , Akhtar Shama C. , Geri George A. , Morgan William , Pierce Byron J. , Dyre Brian P. , Covas Christine M.
Published: January 2005

The effects of terrain texture type and the height and density of 3D objects on heading control were studied in two experiments conducted in a high‐performance flight simulator. The results suggest an orthogonal‐extension principle which relates performance to the number and length of contours that are perpendicular to the ground plane, and also begin to define the stimulus conditions for which the principle is valid.
P‐26: A New Objective Sharpness Evaluation Method Independent of Tone Reproducing Methods for Imaging Systems
Authors: Matsui Toshikazu , Kishine Yasunobu
Published: January 2005

A new objective sharpness evaluation method independent of tone reproducing methods has been developed using a cooperative human vision model which can simulate perceptual responses. The proposed method was applied to sharpness evaluation for continuous‐tone generalized knife‐edge images and their digital halftone images. Consequently, the correlation coefficients between the objective and subjective evaluation values were over 0.97 irrespective of tone reproducing methods.
P‐30: Low‐Voltage Thermostimulated Luminescence of Zinc Oxide
Authors: Vorobiev Victor A. , Sinelnikov Boris M. , Kargin Nickolai I. , Sinelnikov Boris M. , Kargin Nickolai I.
Published: January 2005

Thermostimulated luminescence and brightness decay of low‐voltage cathodoluminescence in the conditions of dynamic and static vacuum for the ZnO:Zn and ZnO:Zn, Si have been studied. At low anode voltages the thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) peaks conditioned by gas adsorption on the phosphor surface were recorded. It is shown that the adsorption ability of ZnO:Zn, Si is lower than that in ZnO:Zn which is the reason for a longer service of a modified phosphor. The model of the modifying coating action is being considered.
P‐31: A Three Dimensional Analytical Model for a Magnetic Deflection Coil
Authors: Dasgupta B. B. , Arjona Marco A. L.
Published: January 2005

A formalism is presented for analytical calculation of the magnetic field due to a deflection coil of arbitrary length, profile, thickness variation and end‐turn configuration. Closed‐form expressions are given for a coil with a “radial” current distribution. Numerical results are presented for a cylindrical coil of finite length.
P‐34: A 5‐in. QQVGA CNT‐FED with a Glass‐Mesh Triode Driven by a‐Si TFT
Authors: Song Yoon‐Ho , Kim K. ‐B. , Hwang C.‐S. , Lee S.‐H. , Lee J.‐H. , Choi I.‐S. , Park J.‐H.
Published: January 2005

Active‐matrix field emission display (AM‐FED) with a glass‐mesh gate plate was developed by using single‐wall carbon nanotube (CNT) as an electron emission source and a‐Si TFT as a control switch, respectively. The a‐Si TFT and screen‐printed CNT emitters were successfully integrated to fabricate the active‐matrix cathode. We fabricated the first prototype AM‐triode CNT FED panel with 5‐in. in diagonal and 160×3×120 subpixels through the vacuum packaging of the AM cathode, the glass‐mesh gate, and the anode. The fabricated AM‐CNT FED panel showed good uniformity, high stability and reliability, and high brightness with a driving voltage of below 15 V.
P‐38: Integrated Low‐Power High‐Voltage Driver for Bistable Nematic Displays
Authors: Hendrix Wim , Doutreloigne Jan , Van Calster André
Published: January 2005

We already designed and demonstrated working samples of fully integrated and programmable 30V and 55V capacitor‐based high‐voltage generators for bistable display drivers. This paper discusses the design of a fully integrated bistable display driver that includes the programmable high‐voltage generators, integrated high‐voltage multiplexers for pixel addressing and digital logic for I/O communication and programming drive schemes. The driver was designed for driving a 5‐digit 7‐segment bistable nematic (BiNem™) display in a (contactless) smart card.
P‐39: Design of Versatile Passive‐Matrix OLED Driver/Controller ASIC's
Authors: Vogel Uwe , Bunk G. , Heinig A. , Jeroch W. , Holland H.‐J. , Amelung J.
Published: January 2005

Passive‐Matrix OLED driver/controller units have been developed. The second generation devices employ several new features allowing versatile applications. Those features include implementation of externally adaptable firmware affecting several functional properties, e.g., control of monochrome, area‐color or full‐color displays, features for OLED life‐time improvement, and an automotive‐compatible high‐speed serial interface (LVDS).
P‐40: A New Intra‐Panel Interface for Large Size/ High Resolution TFT‐LCD Applications
Authors: Zajac Craig , Poniatowski Sue
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe a new intra‐panel interface designed specifically to meet the needs of the LCD TV market and similar large size/ high resolution TFT‐LCDs. We investigate the technical challenges and feature requirements of today's panels that prompted a new look at the panel interface.
P‐41: Advanced Anti‐Double Edge Overdriving Scheme
Authors: Hsu C. H. , Shen Y. R. , Chen C. J. , Chien L. C. , Ho H. J. , Wong Y. J.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we report an advanced anti‐double edge overdriving method. This method overcomes artifacts from conventional overdriving schemes, such as double edge artifact, overshooting and undershooting. New artifacts also are reported and photo to explain the performance of our new algorithm. Edge oscillation artifact is reported in the paper for the first time. As we strongly overdrove the conventional feed backward overdriving method, these new artifacts occurred. Our advanced anti‐double edge overdriving method successfully eliminates these artifacts and overdrives the spec of grayscale response to less than one frame time. IPS, MVA and fast TN LCD panels are all evaluated from commercial monitor to TV products by our new driving method. 8 ms grayscale switching performance over exact 8 bit to 8 bit transition can be achieved at 60 Hz frame rate.
P‐42: One Point Color Tracking Method for High Definition Flat Panel Display
Authors: Hsu C. H. , Chen C. J. , Shen Y. R. , Jiang J. H. , Hsu C. S.
Published: January 2005

Serious color shift problem at different grayscales is an intrinsic characteristic in liquid crystal display. It is induced by gamma‐dispersion and hardware limitation of liquid crystal and display structure. The poor color reproduction becomes heavy burden for system maker to achieve high image quality. Many researches have been reported to improve gray level color temperature by color tracking. As we know, keeping small deviation of correlated color temperature (CCT) from white to dark levels doesn't guarantee high quality of color appearance. The variation of chromatic coordinate at different grayscales must be taken into consideration. In this paper we developed a new algorithm to balance these two factors. We called it One Point Color Tracking (OPCT). The performance for different type LCD (TN, IPS, and MVA) is reported.
P‐43: Image Processing Applied to Small Format Displays
Authors: Oberoi Anirudh , Lillie Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2005

The application of TFT displays for handset applications requires new display system architectures to have on‐chip image processing in order to accommodate a direct camera connection. Other image processing techniques like stochastic dithering are required to reduce the size of the on‐chip frame buffer thus reducing power and silicon real estate utilization, while preserving high image quality. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of certain key image processing techniques, which add value to display column drivers with respect to their typical usage. The benefits and caveats of these image processing methods with respect to power and system bandwidth are articulated and their hardware requirements are discussed.
LP‐4: Late‐News Poster: Overdrive for Compensating Color‐Shift on Field Sequential Color TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Sekiya Kazuo , Wako Kazuhiro , Nakano Shigeru , Ishinabe Takahiro , Miyashita Tetsuya , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: January 2005

This paper points out that field sequential color method causes color‐shift artifact on TFT‐LCDs in its nature, and that overdrive scheme can work for the purpose of eliminating the artifact. It also reports the effect of overdrive measured on our prototyped OCB‐mode field sequential color TFT‐LCD of 6‐inch VGA‐size.
LP‐5: Late‐News Poster: Update to VESA Digital Packet Video Link (DPVL) Proposed Standard
Authors: Millman S. E. , Schleupen K. , Matsui T. , Lamm J.
Published: January 2005

DPVL, a high‐level video stream protocol, facilitates the advancement of high information content monitors independently of whether displaying that information content is achieved within a single monitor unit or by an array of monitors. This proposed standard defines video packet structures, a capability management scheme and a monitor control scheme.
P‐47: A New High Performance Transparent Plastic Film for Flexible Display Substrates
Authors: Doi Toru
Published: January 2005

Development of high performance plastic substrates is the key to realize flexible displays. We have been developping a new transparent plastic (OPS: development name) having a unique balance of excellent optical properties, high heat resistance, and practical mechanical strength for flexible display substrates. This paper will report the performance of the new transparent plastic.
P‐49: PixAblater: An Advanced Laser Tool for the Production of Display Devices on Super‐Large Substrates
Authors: Allott Ric , Sykes Neil , Rumsby Phil
Published: January 2005

Exitech has developed the PixAblater range of advanced laser ablation tools for the manufacture of display device structures on super large substrates. Process development, key technical advances and the novel design architecture are presented. Additionally details of production TAKT times are given and cost of ownership data discussed.
P‐50: Distinguished Poster Paper: Arrays of Large Si Grains Grown at Room Temperature for x‐Si TFTS
Authors: Jyumonji Masayuki , Kimura Yoshinobu , Hiramatsu Masato , Kato Tomoya , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Akita Noritaka , Taniguchi Yukio , Matsumura Masakiyo
Published: January 2005

Arrays of large Si grains have been grown by phase‐modulated excimer‐laser annealing at room temperature. Home‐plate‐ and square‐shaped grains could be grown over the whole irradiated substrate area. These results indicate that the fabrication of x‐Si TFTs on glass is a realistic development target.
P‐55: A High Accuracy Instrument for Measuring Both In‐Plane and Out‐Of‐Plane Birefringence in Birefringence Films
Authors: Wang Baoliang (Bob) , List Jennifer
Published: January 2005

We report in this paper a new instrument, known as the Exicor® birefringence measurement system, that measures both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane (vertical) birefringence in birefringence films. This instrument can be used as a quality control (QC) tool for birefringence film suppliers to test the accuracy and uniformity of their products. It can also be used as a research tool to study birefringence in birefringence films and their effects on LCD performance.
P‐58: Imaging Polarization Interferometer for Flat Panel Display Characterization
Authors: Luet Mathieu , Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry
Published: January 2005

The next generation of MURATest will be able to make a hyper spectral analysis to get a high definition image with adjustable wavelength resolution. This paper introduces the principle of the new system, based on an imaging polarizing interferometer. The phase shift is realized by two symmetrical Wollaston prisms. The system produces an interference pattern directly on the CCD camera. The phase shift is linearly changed for all pixels using a mechanical translation.
P‐66: High Deposition Rate Technique of Magnesium Oxide Thin Film in Oxide Mode for Plasma Display Panel Applications
Authors: Choi Young Wook , Kim Jeehyun
Published: January 2005

A high rate deposition sputtering process of magnesium oxide thin film in oxide mode has been developed using a 20 kW unipolar pulsed power supply. The power supply was operated at a maximum constant voltage of 500 V and a constant current of 40 A. The pulse repetition rate and the duty were changed in the ranges of 10 ∼ 50 kHz and 10 ∼ 60 %, respectively. The deposition rate increased with increasing incident power to the target. Maximum incident power to the magnesium target was obtained by the control of frequency, duty and current. The deposition rate of a moving state was 9 nm m/min at the average power of 1.5 kW. This result shows higher deposition rate than any other previous work of reactive sputtering at the oxide mode. The thickness uniformities over the whole substrate area of 982 mm × 563 mm were observed at the processing pressure of 2.8 ∼ 9.5 mTorr. The thickness distribution was improved at lower pressure. This technique is proposed to apply high through‐put sputtering system for plasma display panel.
P‐67: Luminance Improvements of PDP using Reflection Layers Formed via Osmotic Coating Process
Authors: Oh Sang‐Soon , Park Do‐Young , Chang Tae‐Jeong , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: January 2005

In this study, a reflection layer on rear plate of plasma display panel (PDP) was formed via osmotic coating process in an attempt to improve luminance efficiency of PDP. The processing parameters of the osmotic coating process which include coating solvent, swelling characteristics, and coating time were optimized to obtain uniform reflection layer on inside walls of discharge cell. The effect of TiO2 reflection layer thickness on luminance of the panel was investigated. Comparison with the panel without the layer showed that luminance and its efficacy could be improved by 50%.
P‐69: Luminance and Luminous Efficiency of AC PDP with Coplanar Long‐Gap and High Xe Content Gas‐Mixture
Authors: Park Sang Dae , Shin Nam Hoon , Lee Jae Hyun , Shin Bhum Jae , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: January 2005

The luminance and luminous efficiency of Ne + Xe gas mixture in an AC PDP were investigated as a function of sustain gap according to Xenon concentration. The discharge characteristics of Ne+13%Xe gas‐mixture were compared with those of Ne+4%Xe when sustain gap was varied and the height of barrier rib was fixed. The luminance of Ne+13%Xe gas‐mixture discharge increased with an increase in sustain voltage until sustain gap was 300μm. The luminance and luminous efficiency of Ne+13%Xe gas‐mixture discharges in 500μm sustain gap were much lower than those in 80∼300μm sustain gap.
P‐71: Cross‐Shaped Cell Structure Employing Auxiliary Address Pulse Driving Scheme in AC‐PDP
Authors: Kim Bo‐Sung , Cho Byung‐Gwon , Cho Ki‐Duck , Tae Heung‐Sik , Jang Sang‐Hun , Kim Young‐Mo
Published: January 2005

This paper proposes a cross‐shaped cell structure employing an auxiliary address pulse driving scheme for the high luminous efficiency of AC‐PDP. The discharge characteristics of the conventional stripe‐type and cross‐shaped cell structures are compared under a sustain driving frequency of 50 kHz in the 6‐inch test panel with a pressure of 450 Torr and a 10 % Xe‐content gas mixture. The cross‐shaped cell structure shows a higher luminous efficiency than the conventional stripe‐type cell structure in conventional driving scheme. As result of adopting an auxiliary address pulse driving scheme, the luminous efficiency of the cross‐shaped cell structure increases by about 44 % (2.38 lm/W) than that of the conventional case (1.64 lm/W) under 10 % Xe partial pressure.
P‐75: A New Address‐While‐Display Driving Method for AC PDP Using a Dual RMSP (Ramp biased Multiple Short Pulses) Erase Scheme
Authors: Kim Jae‐Sung , Yang Jin‐Ho , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: January 2005

We propose a new Address‐While‐Display driving method that is composed of an address period, sustain period and erase period only. Instead of the reset period, we used a new erase pulse waveform using a dual RMSP (Ramp biased Multiple Short Pulses). The dual RMSP erase pulse minimizes the wall charge difference between the ON and OFF cells by erasing the wall charge not only between the scan and sustain electrodes but also between the scan and address electrodes in the ON cells. When a thin MgO layer is coated on the phosphor layer, it enlarges the common operating voltage range in all color cells. As a result, 20V dynamic voltage margin and a real black image could be obtained.
P‐78: Enhanced Photoluminescence of BaZr(BO3)2:Eu3+ with Incorporation of Al3+ and La3+ Ions for PDP Application
Authors: Tian Lianhua , Mho Sun‐Il , Yu Byung‐Yong , Pyun Chong‐Hong
Published: January 2005

The photoluminescence (PL) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation properties are studied for BaZr(BO3)2:Eu3+. The excitation spectrum shows strong absorption in the VUV region with an absorption band edge at 200 nm. The charge transfer excitation band of Eu3+ at ca. 226 nm is enhanced by codoping Al3+ ion into the BaZr(BO3)2 lattices. The band gap absorption is enhanced by codoping La3+. The PL spectrum shows the strongest emission at 615 nm in BaZr(BO3)2:Eu3+, which results in a good red color purity. The luminescence intensity is enhanced by codoping with Al3+ and La3+.
P‐79: Factors Affecting Efficiency in Sub‐Micrometer Spherical Phosphor Particles of Cubic (Y2‐(x+y)Gdx)O3:Euy3+ (where x = 0.02 to 0.40, y = 0.04) and Cubic Y2O3:Eu3+ for FED Applications
Authors: Silver J. , Ireland T. G. , Sancho D. , Withnall R.
Published: January 2005

Spherical, sub‐micrometer Y2O3:Eu and Cubic (Y2‐(x+y)Gdx)O3:Euy3+ (where x = 0.02 to 0.40, y = 0.04) phosphor particles have been synthesized by a novel solution method. These phosphor particles will be ideal for FED devices as they can densely close‐pack on screens and they display high efficiency under low voltage electron beam excitation. It is shown herein that spherical phosphor powder particles can be useful in voltage ranges up to 5000 V and it is also shown in this work that cubic‐Y2O3:Eu particles (ca. 300 nm) perform well at such voltages.
P‐80: Research of SrTiO3:Pr3+: Al Luminescent Properties under the Photoexcitation
Authors: Sinelnikov Boris M. , Kargin Nickolai I. , Michnev Leonid. V. , Bondarenko Evgeniy A. , Gusev Alexander S.
Published: January 2005

The properties of SrTiO3:Pr3+:Al luminescent structure under the photoexcitation are investigated. The excitation spectra of luminescence and photocon‐ductivity are obtained. The relationship between the luminescence intensity and concentration of coactiva‐tor (Al) is explored. It is shown, that two centers of luminescence in the strontium titanate are formed. It can be explained by different location of praseodymium ions in the SrTiO3 host lattice (Pr3+ substitutes Sr2+ and Pr3+ substitutes Ti4+).
P‐81: Lanthanide‐Doped Xerogel/Porous Anodic Alumina Structures for Image Formation
Authors: Molchan I. S. , Smirnov A. G. , Labunov V. A. , Gaponenko S. V. , Lutich A. A. , Lambertini V. , Repetto P.
Published: January 2005

We report on the developed fabrication method of lanthanide‐doped xerogel/porous anodic alumina structures for an image formation via the aluminum anodization, the sol‐gel synthesis, and the photolithography process. The mechanisms responsible for strong lanthanide luminescence in the structures are discussed. It is speculated that exploiting porous anodic alumina causes significant change in the excitation conditions of lanthanides, probably due to multiple scattering and interference of the exciting light. The structures of europium‐ or terbium‐doped xerogel/porous anodic alumina are also considered in view of application in electroluminescent devices.
P‐82: Sphere‐Supported Thin Film Electroluminescent Technology
Authors: Xiang Yingwei , Kitai Adrian H. , Quan Guang‐Chun , Zhang Fangfang , Liu Qiang , Cox Brian
Published: January 2005

Sphere‐Supported Thin Film Electroluminescence (SSTFEL) constitutes a new, flexible EL technology based on thin film inorganic phosphors. Flexibility is realized by a novel structure comprising a polypropylene‐BaTiO3 composite sheet. A functional, flexible SSTFEL device emitted bright green EL through the same mechanism as conventional thin film EL devices.
P‐84: Manufacturing Films of Strengthened Cyclosiloxanes for LC Alignment
Authors: Mazaeva V. G. , Belyaev V. V. , Sobolevskii M. V.
Published: January 2005

Cyclosiloxanes with the planar and cubic structure and the strained bonds in a molecule were for the first time investigated in order to obtain the films orienting liquid crystals. The conditions for preparation of the aligning films and their properties were studied. Optimal parameters for obtaining a given alignment of liquid crystals were established.
P‐86: Flexible Transparent Circuits from Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Arthur D. , Glatkowski P. , Wallis P. , Trottier M.
Published: January 2005

Flexible, transparent circuits can be formed from carbon nanotube dispersions combined with polymeric binders, using wet coating and printing. Coatings exhibit significantly greater flex endurance and abrasion resistance than ITO. Structure / properties are described, including optical transparency, conductivity, flex and abrasion testing. Methods for fabricating circuits are also discussed.