bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of micronutrients in the oral cavity
Authors: Ranjit Rajesh , Takalloabdal Sadaf , Galchenko Alexey
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Micronutrients play a potent role in the functioning of the different systems of the organism. It is necessary to sustain an adequate status of the micronutrients for maintaining the optimal condition of the oral cavity. The aim: Toemphasize the importance of different micronutrients for the normal functioning of the oral cavity, as well as their influence on the occurrence of various diseases of the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Micronutrients such as vitamin C, B9 and E, calcium, zinc, copper and iron have a role in development so as anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties Deficiency of certain micronutrients plays an important role in the development of periodontitis and caries. People with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, as well as children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, are usually deficient in these vitamins and therefore often susceptible to the development of inflammatory changes in soft tissues of oral cavity , periodontitis and caries.
Macroeconomic determinants of tax revenue in economic community of West African states
Authors: Ihuarulam Gideon , Sanusi Gbenga , Oderinde L.O.
Published: October 2021

The determination of the effects of macroeconomic environment on tax revenue is very vital for every country and more so for an economic community aiming for harmonization of macroeconomic environment and ultimately integration. However, the extent to which aggregate output, inflation, and unemployment affect tax revenue in ECOWAS has been less studied in the literature. Therefore, this study empirically investigates how tax revenue is related to selected macroeconomic variables. Panel data analysis is employed on six ECOWAS countries' data set on tax revenue, gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment, trade openness and exchange rate over 2005-2019. The Wald's test and Hausman test indicated that the fixed effects regression was appropriate for the study. The results showed that inflation was positively related to tax revenue and statistically significant at 5 percent. A unit increase in inflation led to 0.007 increase in tax revenue measure; economic growth was also positive and statistically significant at 5 percent; a unit rise in GDP resulted in 0.78 rise in governmental tax revenue variable. Finally, Tax revenue variable decreased by 0.10 with a unit increase in unemployment. It is recommended that ECOWAS countries should carefully manage their macroeconomic environment to boost tax revenue.
Economic growth of the tourism sector in the Covid-19 pandemic during 2021
Authors: Spalević Žaklina , Stanišić Snježana
Published: October 2021

The tourism sector around the world has been hit hard by the Covid-19 virus pandemic. The consequences of the pandemic during 2020 on the entire tourism sector have significantly reduced the income of both individuals and the collection in the state treasury. The introduced measures, as well as the mass vaccination of citizens, enabled the opening of tourist destinations during 2021, which brought long-awaited revenues to this branch of economics. The opening of tourist destinations has started the travel sector, both air, and road, rail and water transport. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current economic growth of the tourism sector and compare the current situation with the situation in 2019 and the situation during the crisis in 2020. The paper also gives an overview of the legal measures adopted in order to overcome the problems caused by the closure. The analysis of the economic growth of the tourism sector during 2021 was performed on the basis of available data and information both in the world and in the countries of the region. Also, the analysis was performed for both international tourism and domestic tourist destinations. Based on the conducted analysis, it is concluded that the number of tourists who visited the observed regions in the first half of 2021 is still lower compared to the same period in 2019.
Femicide prevention in the light of new legal solutions application in the Criminal Law of Republic of Serbia
Authors: Tahirović Mirela , Radulović-Glamočak Jelena
Published: October 2021

In the modern society, domestic violence is a socially unacceptable phenomenon. The most common form of domestic violence is the violence against women, while as the most severe form of violence against women singles out femicide - a gender-based murder. One of the measures taken by Republic of Serbia in order to reduce domestic violence is the adoption of the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence. In order to prevent femicide, the most important innovations provided by law are urgent measures imposed by the competent police officer; a mandatory risk assessment of recurrence violence; a mandatory coordination and cooperation between the competent services and case records violence. This paper analyzes not just criminal and family law measures providing protection from domestic violence, but also the results of the application of these measures in the context of femicide prevention.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Oral Mucositis Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jacob Jake S. , Dutra Barbara E. , Garcia-Rodriguez Victor , Panneerselvam Kavea , Abraham Fiyinfoluwa O. , Zou Fangwen , Ma Weijie , Grivas Petros , Thompson John A. , Altan Mehmet , Oliva Isabella C. Glitza , Zhang Hao Chi , Thomas Anusha S. , Wang Yinghong
Published: October 2021

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy predisposes patients to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Data are limited regarding the incidence, management, and outcomes of one such irAE: mucositis. In this study, we evaluated the clinical characteristics, disease course, treatment, and outcomes of ICI-mediated mucositis. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study of patients who received ICI therapy and developed oral mucositis at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 2009 to September 2019. Inclusion criteria included age ≥18 years, a diagnosis of oral mucositis and/or stomatitis based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, and therapy using CTLA-4 or PD-1/L1 inhibitors alone or combined with other agents. Results: We identified 152 patients with a mean age of 60 years, 51% of whom were men. Of the sample patients, 73% had stage IV cancer, with melanoma the most common (28%). Median time from ICI initiation to mucositis was 91 days. The most common clinical presentation of mucositis was odynophagia and/or oral pain (89%), 91% developed CTCAE grade 1–2 mucositis, and 78% received anti–PD-1/L1 monotherapy. Compared with anti–PD-1/L1–based therapy, anti–CTLA-4–based therapy was more frequently associated with earlier onset of mucositis (73 vs 96 days; P=.077) and a lower rate of symptom resolution (76% vs 92%; P=.029); 24% of patients required immunosuppressive therapy, which was associated with longer symptom duration (84 vs 34 days; P=.002) and higher mucositis recurrence rate (61% vs 32%; P=.006). ICI interruption was associated with worse survival (P=.037). Mucositis recurrence, immunosuppressant use, and presence of other irAEs did not affect survival. Conclusions: For ICI-mediated mucositis, a diagnosis of exclusion has not been well recognized and is understudied. Although the clinical symptoms of mucositis are mostly mild, approximately 25% of patients require immunosuppression. Mucositis recurrence can occur in approximately 39% patients. Our results showed that ICI interruption compromises overall survival.
An Analysis of Hospital Costs for Childhood Cancer Care
Authors: Tan Owen , Schofield Deborah J. , Shrestha Rupendra
Published: October 2021

Background: This study used a linked dataset consisting of all childhood cancers recorded over the course of 10 years in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to evaluate the hospital and emergency department costs (from a payer perspective) and resources used by patients with childhood cancer. We also analyzed determinants responsible for high-frequency hospital admissions, hospital length of stay (LoS), and hospital costs. Methods: We analyzed linked data at the individual patient level for a retrospective cohort of 2,966 patients with cancer aged <18 years with a diagnosis date between 2001 and 2012 from the NSW Central Cancer Registry, Australia. We reported costs and use of hospitalization and emergency department presentation 1 year before the date of diagnosis, 1 year after diagnosis, and 2 to 5 years after diagnosis. We also examined the association between cancer types and hospital admission and hospital costs from the payer perspective. Patient characteristics associated with the frequency of hospital admissions, hospital LoS, and hospital costs were also determined using a generalized linear model. Results: Most hospital admission costs occurred in the first year after diagnosis, accounting for >70% of hospital costs within 5 years after diagnosis. The estimated median annual cost of hospitalization in the first year after diagnosis was A$88,964 (interquartile range [IQR], A$34,399–A$163,968) for patients diagnosed at age 0 to 14 years and A$23,384 (IQR, A$5,585–A$91,565) for those diagnosed at age 15 to 17 years. Higher frequency of hospital admissions, hospital LoS, and hospital costs were significantly associated with younger age at cancer diagnosis, cancer metastases, and living in remote/disadvantaged socioeconomic areas. Conclusions: Our study represents one of the first in Australia to include detailed hospitalization cost information for all childhood cancer cases. This study highlights the high hospital use by pediatric patients and the importance of early diagnosis. Our findings also demonstrate the health inequities experienced by patients from remote areas and the lowest socioeconomic areas.
El compromiso de las élites eclesiásticas con los intereses familiares a través del patrocinio religioso: el caso de García Álvarez de Toledo, obispo de Astorga (1463-1488)
Authors: González Nieto Diego
Published: October 2021

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar e interpretar las labores de patrocinio religioso de García Álvarez de Toledo, obispo de Astorga, como parte de las estrategias desplegadas por su linaje judeoconverso a fin de representar el estatus adquirido tras un relevante proceso de encumbramiento social. Será evaluado el proceso de promoción socioeconómica de su familia, con el fin de poder apreciar las múltiples significaciones de su patrocinio religioso.

Palabras clave: episcopado, patrocinio religioso, ascenso social, familia conversa.
Two Neuter Pronouns in Picard
Authors: Auger Julie
Published: October 2021

In the Vimeu variety of Picard, a Gallo-Romance closely related to French, three different neuter subject clitic pronouns are found:a,ch’, and a null form. This paper examines the distribution of these forms in contemporary texts in order to determine the extent to which these pronouns resemble those found in other Gallo-Romance languages or whether their source must be sought in colloquial varieties of French. We argue, based on phonological, syntactic, and semantic criteria, that the French origin better accounts for the similarities between the two varieties. Based on their syntactic distribution, we argue that the three forms represent two different pronouns,aandch’, that the null form is an allomorph ofain certain phonological contexts, and that the distinction betweena/Ø andch’constitutes an innovation in Picard.
La production épistémique chez l’enfant francophone : complexité syntaxique et ordre d’acquisition
Authors: Cournane Ailís , Tailleur Sandrine
Published: October 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous penchons sur la production d’occurrences épistémiques par des enfants francophones unilingues (n = 6, Paris Corpus, Morgenstern et Parisse, 2012) ainsi que leur mère (input – langue « modèle » utilisée par les parents). Nous adoptons une approche principalement syntaxique et nous concentrons sur les usages épistémiques des verbes modaux (pouvoir,devoir) et de certains adverbes (peut-être(que)), que nous comparons aux études antérieures analogues sur l’anglais et le serbo-croate. Nous montrons ainsi que les enfants francophones produisent, comme les enfants anglophones et serbo-croates, les ordres d’acquisition suivants : pour les éléments modaux, l’interprétation radicale vient avant l’interprétation épistémique ; et pour les éléments épistémiques, les adverbes viennent avant les verbes modaux (voir Bassano 1996). Nous émettons l’hypothèse que ces résultats peuvent être expliqués, du moins partiellement, par le lien existant entre la chronologie acquisitionnelle et la complexité syntaxique. Nos résultats contribueront à améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes qui permettent aux enfants acquérant leur langue première de lier leurs pensées épistémiques à des formes linguistiques.
Sur la dérivation de noms coordonnés de l’anglais. Hommage à Yves Roberge, à ses travaux sur les éléments non prononcés et sur l’acquisition du langage
Authors: Di Sciullo Anna Maria
Published: October 2021

Nous proposons une analyse de noms simples coordonnés de l’anglais qui permet de dériver leurs différences d’interfaces. L’analyse proposée s’appuie sur l’hypothèse que la conjonction de coordination a une projection fonctionnelle étendue, au même titre que les autres catégories fonctionnelles, et que la dérivation de noms coordonnés donne lieu à des asymétries d’interfaces dans certains cas. L’analyse proposée, en plus de développer la hiérarchie des projections fonctionnelles, a des conséquences pour l’étude du développement du langage chez l’enfant en ce qu’elle remet en question les théories associatives de l’acquisition. Cette analyse remet également en cause l’idée que des formes nominales apparemment simples sont des vestiges d’une étape antérieure de l’évolution du langage.
Variation dans le système pronominal gallo-roman : l’expression de la pluralité en français et en picard*
Authors: Tremblay Mireille
Published: October 2021

Cet article aborde la variation dans le système pronominal pluriel gallo-roman. Il consiste en une analyse de diverses stratégies pour sanctionner les constructions partitives pronominales en trois variétés gallo-romanes : le français normé, le français québécois et le picard. L’analyse du morphèmeautresest particulièrement importante pour la typologie des pronoms car elle démontre que, bien que les trois variétés présentent des séquences similaires ànous autres / vous autres / eux autres, les similarités ne sont qu’apparentes. En effet, en picard,autes‘autres’ est devenu suffixe nominal à mettre en parallèle avec les pronoms pluriels de l’espagnolnosotros(complexe pourtant grammaticalisé) car les deux sont les têtes nominales marquées pour le nombre, ce qui n’est pas le cas deautresen français normé et québécois. Ce travail typologique permet de mieux comprendre les différences entre les processus d’individuation dans les pronoms des langues romanes, en plus de confirmer le statut distinct du picard.
Mazo de creatividad: recursos para la búsqueda de nuevos enfoques e ideas
Authors: Vizcaíno-Alcantud Pablo
Published: October 2021

¿Qué ocurre cuando inoculas un componente de arbitrariedad en un determinado proceso? ¿Qué sucede si estimulamos cualquier cadencia considerada como rutinaria a través de un catalizador inesperado? Quizás estas cuestiones incomoden cualquier modus operandi, pero la introducción de recursos como las barajas de cartas de estimulación creativa nos llevan a explorar territorios nuevos e insospechados, a priori, no planteados al inicio del proyecto.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND YOUTH
Authors: Kurešepi Amra
Published: October 2021

Social media has a huge impact on everyone’s lifestyle especially on the youth. This influence has its pros and cons, some of which are further discussed in the article below. The main purpose of the article is to show both positive and negative sides of using social media and contribute in achieving the right balance between real and virtual world. The inspiration for the article has been drawn from some buzzwords which are fashionable in the context of technology and which clearly denote what challenges young people face on a daily basis as far as virtual reality is concerned.
PRAKTIČNA PRIMJENA STATISTIČKIH METODA U POSLOVNOM OKRUŽENJU
Authors: Agić Zorana
Published: October 2021

Posljednjih godina statističko mišljenje i primjena statističkih metoda zauzimaju sve važniju ulogu u upravljanju poslovanjem preduzeća. Slobodno se može reći da su statističke metode namijenjene da pomognu preduzećima u praćenju i poboljšanju postojećih poslovnih procesa i u donošenju poslovnih odluka. I pored brojnih prednosti koje imaju preduzeća koja koriste statističke metode, one su još uvijek neiskorišteni potencijal. Autori su došli do zaključka da većina preduzeća još uvijek ne koristi statističke metode i alate ili ih koristi u vrlo maloj mjeri. Upravo zbog toga, cilj rada je da ukaže na dostupne metode i alate pomoću kojih se mogu realizovati različite statističke analize, a dobijeni rezultati mogu pomoći rukovodiocima preduzeća prilikom donošenja poslovnih, finansijskih i investicionih odluka. Date su i preporuke za unapređenje statističke pismenosti u preduzeću, jer su upravo statističke metode namijenjene da olakšaju praćenje i poboljšaju postojeće poslovne procese, te da olakšaju donošenje poslovnih i finansijskih odluka.
NUŽNOST UPRAVLJANJA FINANSIJSKIM RIZICIMA U NEIZVESNOM POSLOVNOM I GLOBALNOM OKRUŽENJU
Authors: Todorović Brankica
Published: October 2021

Potreba za upravljanjem rizicima javlja se kao odgovor menadžmenta na globalnu konkurenciju i nestabilno poslovno okruženje. Na ovaj način se upravlja promenama radi uspešnog poslovanja u budućnosti i prilagođavanja poslovanja u sadašnjim uslovima, posebno izazvanim pandemijom COVID-19. U radu se analizira upotreba računovodstvenih informacija i matrica rizika u svrhu poslovnog planiranja kojim će se blagovremeno predvideti rizik i reakcija preduzeća na promene u poslovnom i globalnom okruženju.
EKOLOŠKO PRAVO U FUNKCIJI ZAŠTITE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
Authors: Đukić Veljko , Đukić Ognjen , Đukić Biljana
Published: October 2021

Suočavajući se sa aktuelnim pitanjima zaštite životne sredine mora nam biti jasno da je za njihovo rješenje potreban miltidisciplinarni pristup, prirodnih, medicinskih, tehničkih i pravnih nauka. Pojedina od ovih znanja su već niz decenija sistematskih obrađena i korišćena od strane ekologa, dok su druga rezultat zadnjih dvadeset godina, te još uvijek nisu generalno teoretski obuhvaćena. U vezi sa pravnim normama koje treba da regulišu i spriječe opasnosti od zagađenja životne sredine postavlja se pitanje, da li se putem prava može kontrolisati savremena tehnologija, koja sa jedne strane čovjeku omogućava velike koristi, a sa druge strane prijeti njegovom opstanku. Očigledno je, da pravne norme mogu da predstavljaju jedan od značajnijih instrumenata za sprečavanje negativnih pojava, koje mogu da nastanu od nekontrolisanog razvoja savremene tehnologije. Bitan uslov je da zakonodavni organi budu dovoljno dinamični i da mogu svaku pojavu, koja može da ugrozi životnu sredinu, da spriječi zajedno sa organima uprave i drugim institucijama koje pravne norme primjenjuju. Razvoj posebne grane pravnog sistema – EKOLOŠKOG PRAVA, prati procese razvoja u mnogim zemljama. Uvođenje nastavnog programa ovog predmeta na Pravne fakultete u Bosni i Hercegovini značiće snažan podsticaj konačnom normiranju svih elemenata ove pravne discipline.
ZNAČAJ ODVAJANJA MENADŽMENTA OD PRIVATNOG VLASNIŠTVA ZA RAZVOJ POSLOVANJA U SAVREMENIM EKONOMSKIM USLOVIMA
Authors: Stojkanović Denis , Petković Zdravka
Published: October 2021

Uslov opstanka i neprekidnog razvoja čovekovog znanja i iskustva, predstavljaju intenzivne promene. Za 20.vek vezuju se najznačajnije promene sa kojima započinje proces odvajanja upravljanja od vlasništva. To se odnosi pre svega na velike sisteme koji zahtevaju uvođenje koncepta profesionalno-menadžerskog upravljanja. Aktivnosti usmerene na efikasno obezbeđivanje, raspoređivanje i korišćenje kadrovskih i materijalnih resursa, radi postizanja ciljeva organizacionog sistema predstavljaju funkcije menadžmenta.
Gênese da saúde global: a Fundação Rockefeller no Caribe e na América Latina
Authors: Palmer Steve
Published: October 2021

Neste livro, as autoras abordam a complexa relação entre saúde e desastres inserida em um modelo de desenvolvimento econômico que cria e agrava cenários de risco, nos quais alguns grupos populacionais se tornam cada vez mais vulneráveis. A obra procura demonstrar, por meio de exemplos de desastres ocorridos no Brasil, os principais impactos produzidos, as consequências para a saúde e qualidade de vida das populações atingidas. Busca, ainda, discutir a importância das diferentes áreas de conhecimento e saberes acumulados para a produção de pesquisa básica e aplicada como suporte a ações e políticas para redução de riscos. Ao final, as autoras apresentam os avanços em ações e políticas direcionadas à redução de risco de desastres, nos âmbitos internacional e nacional, e os novos e velhos desafios a serem enfrentados pela saúde coletiva, considerando a complexidade dos processos naturais e sociais que envolvem os desastres em cenários atuais e futuros.
Anti-fouling activity and toxicity of the Mediterranean alien sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 (Porifera, Calcarea)
Authors: Longo Caterina , Trani Roberta , Nonnis Marzano Carlotta , Mercurio Maria , Lazic Tamara , Cotugno Pietro , Santobianchi Erika , Gravina Maria Flavia
Published: October 2021

Poriferans, as sessile organisms without rigid external covering, use secondary metabolites for protection from predators and fouling organisms. The present study tested the antifouling activity of ethanolic extract of the Mediterranean alien calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna towards juvenile mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Furthermore, toxicity tests on nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia salina and two microalgae strains, Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis suecica, were also conducted. A total attachment inhibition of M. galloprovincialis was achieved at a concentration of 400 µg/mL of sponge extract. The 50% mortality of A. salina nauplii was recorded at a concentration of 500 µg/mL of ethanolic extract. The growth inhibitory effect on both marine microalgae strains has been registered at a concentration of 300 µg/mL. Our results suggest promising natural antifouling activity and low toxicity of the ethanolic extract of P. magna that could be used as antifouling compound.
Traumatic surfing injuries in New Zealand: a descriptive epidemiology study
Authors: Furness James , McArthur Katherine , Remnant Debbie , Jorgensen Darcy , Bacon Catherine J. , Moran Robert W. , Hing Wayne , Climstein Mike
Published: October 2021

Background

New Zealand (NZ) has nearly 14,000 km of coastline and a surfing population of approximately 315,000 surfers. Given its popularity, surfing has a high frequency of injury claims, however, there remains a lack of data on traumatic surfing-related injuries from large population studies. The primary purpose of this study was to examine traumatic surfing injuries in NZ specific to injury incidence, duration, location, type, mechanism of injury and associated risk factors.

Methods

A sample of self-identified surfers currently living in NZ participated in an online retrospective cross-sectional survey between December 2015 and July 2016. Demographic and surfing injury data were collected and analysed.

Results

The survey yielded 1,473 respondents (18.3% female); a total of 502 surfers reported 702 major traumatic injuries with an overall incidence proportion of 0.34 (95% CI [0.32–0.37]). When comparing the number of injured surfers who sustained an injury at various body locations, a significantly higher proportion of competitive surfers, compared to recreational surfers, had an injury at the neck (6.8% vs 4%, χ2 (1,1473) = 5.84, P = 0.019); shoulder (7.4% vs 4.3%, χ2 (1,1473) = 6.34, P = 0.017), upper back (1% vs 2.4%, χ2 (1,1473) = 4.77, P = 0.043), lower back (7% vs 3.1%, χ2 (1,1473) = 11.98, P = 0.001) and knee (7% vs 3.4%, χ2 (1,1473) = 9.67, P = 0.003). A significantly higher proportion of surfers who performed aerial manoeuvres compared to those who did not reported a higher proportion of knee injuries (9.7% vs 3.9%, χ2 (1,1473) = 13.00, P = 0.001). With respect to injury duration, the shoulder represented the largest proportion of chronic injuries (>3 months) (44.4%), and the head and face represented the largest proportion of acute injuries (≤3 months) (88%). Muscle and tendon injuries were reported most frequently (25.6%) and direct contact injuries accounted for 58.1% of all injury mechanisms. Key risk factors for traumatic injury included: competitive compared to recreational status (41.0% vs 30.1%, Relative Risk (RR) = 1.36, P < 0.001), ability to perform aerial manoeuvres (48.1% vs 31.8%, RR = 1.51, P < 0.001) and intermediate or above skill level surfers compared to beginner surfers (35.8% vs 22.7%, RR = 1.58, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

One third of recreational surfers sustained a major traumatic injury in the previous 12 months. For competitive or aerialist surfers the risk was greater, with this proportion approximately half. Overall, the head/face was the most common location of traumatic injury, with competitive surfers being more likely to sustain a neck, shoulder, lower back, and knee injury compared to recreational surfers. The shoulder was associated with the highest proportion of injuries of chronic duration. Future research should investigate injury mechanisms and causation using prospective injury monitoring to better underpin targeted injury prevention programs.
Ameloblastic Transformation of a Primarily Diagnosed Dentigerous Cyst of Jaw- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Surajit Bose , Ipsita Bhakta , Kumar Karar Chandan , Kumar Singh Dharvind , Abhishek Banerjee
Published: October 2021

The separation of the follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth causes formation of dentigerous cyst. It may undergo metaplasia in several cases. In this case a 30 year old female patient reported with a history of dentigerous cyst with respect to impacted 48. The swelling started growing gradually causing facial asymmetry. On intraoral examination the swelling seem to extend from 48 to 46 region and cortical plates were expanded. The histopathological examination revealed the sample to be cystic ameloblastoma (mural variety). This paper sends a message that the potential of a cyst should never be understated, instead it must be kept in an observation or understanding the biological behavior over a course of time.
Routine Replacement versus Clinically Indicated Replacement of Peripheral Venous Catheters through Assessment of Incidences and Grades of Phlebitis in Patients with IV Cannula at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mumbai
Authors: Namrata Bhavnani , Neha Ahire , Kalke Prakash , Dhale Shrikrishna
Published: October 2021

Background: The current study assesses the incidences and grades of phlebitis among patients with IV cannula to determine the association of grades of phlebitis. The purpose of the study was to study the feasibility of Routine replacement versus Clinically indicated replacement of peripheral venous catheters. The study observes the incidences of  removing peripheral intravenous catheters when clinically indicated compared with removing and re‐siting the catheter routinely.

Methods: An observational study was conducted in the tertiary care private hospital of Mumbai, India. The study was conducted over 5 weeks from May -June 2020. Purposive sampling was considered during the collection of data. The sample size of the study was 117 patients admitted having peripheral venous catheters. The standard visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) score was used as a tool for data collection. Descriptive analysis was done. 

Results: Out of 117 patients (VIP score 0 -56, Score 1- 49, Score -12 no cases with score 3, 4, and 5). Routine replacement of IV cannula after every 5 days is judiciously followed, 45 healthy lines were replaced at score 0; which is the major concern (Rs. 633/- the total cost of replacing 1 PVC line). 

Conclusion: Following the routine practice of IV cannula replacement based on VIP score to avoid phlebitis is equally good but simultaneously clinically indicated replacement of IV cannula is advisable to make it cost-effective and reduced number of a prick to the patients; this will help to improve patient satisfaction.
Co-Relation of Steriods in Diabetic and COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Lalduhawma James , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Reche Amit , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Lalruatzela . , Lalnunsanga Jonathan
Published: October 2021

An unusual rise in blood glucose linked with the use of glucocorticoids in a patient with or without a prior history of diabetes mellitus is referred to as steroid-induced diabetes mellitus. The term steroid refers to a group of chemicals that have varied physiological effects. Hydrocortisone are a class of hormones that comprises both lab-made and naturally occurring hormones. Steroids are naturally occurring hormones in the human body. Corticosteroids have a wide spectrum of effects, from solely glucocorticoid to solely mineralocorticoid, and steroid compounds are chosen based on their suitability for a particular therapy. A drug may have anti-inflammatory resources, it could also have mineralocorticoid action, which lowers blood pressure. Steroids are drugs that have been used extensively in a variety of conditions. Glucocorticoids, despite being frequently recommended for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive characteristics, have a number of side effects, with hyperglycemia being one of the most common and representative. In diabetic individuals, corticosteroids are generally contraindicated due to the danger of altering glucose control and resulting in severe decompensation. However, if given early and in a well-controlled regimen, corticosteroid medication can be useful in some patients. With good knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the glucocorticoid utilized, glucose disequilibrium after withdrawal can be predicted.
Evaluation of an ultrasound bladder scanner in supine and standing position
Authors: Crop Frederik , Comte Pauline , Le Tinier Florence , Pasquier David , Mirabel Xavier
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study examined the performance of a bladder volume measuring device, the BladderScan (BS) BVI9400. The use of the BS offers the possibility of assessing the bladder volume before positioning the patient and performing the daily image‐guided radiotherapy procedure. Patients often cannot lie down before entering the treatment vault. Therefore, the BS was also assessed in a standing position.

Methods

The repeatability precision was first evaluated, which is the variability of immediate repeated measures of the BS with same operator and subject. This was followed by the reproducibility precision of the BS in which the operator and subjects differ. Finally, the trueness was evaluated in terms of fixed and proportional bias of the results by applying weighted least‐squares fitting. Note that 53 and 85 patient measurements were carried out in supine and standing position, respectively, each consisting of three repeated BS measurements. These were compared with the computed tomography (CT)‐delineated bladder volume.

Results

Repeatability was dependent on measurement value (heteroscedasticity) with σrepeatability (BS) = ±15 cm3 ± 10%. However, the total agreement between BS and CT was low with the 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) exceeding ±200 cm3 due to poor patient reproducibility and presence of fixed and proportional bias. Only in the best case of male patients in the supine position, three BS measurements, and correction for the fixed and proportional bias, 95% LOAs of [–147, +114] cm3 were obtained between CT and BS.

Conclusion

The agreement of the BVI9400 BS with CT was found to be too low for radiotherapy applications.
Versatile Preparation of Mesoporous Single‐Layered Transition‐Metal Sulfide/Carbon Composites for Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhang Xing , Weng Wei , Gu Hao , Hong Zibo , Xiao Wei , Wang Feng (Ryan) , Li Wei , Gu Dong
Published: October 2021

Transition‐metal sulfides are promising electrochemical energy storage materials due to their abundant active sites, large interlayer space, and high theoretical capacities, especially for sodium storage. However, the low conductivity and poor cycling stability at high current densities hamper their applications. Herein, a versatile dual‐template method is reported to elaborate ordered mesoporous single‐layered MoS2/carbon composite with high specific area, uniform pore size, and large pore volume. The single‐layered MoS2 is confined in the carbon matrix. The mesopores between the composite nanorods provide fast electrolyte diffusion. The obtained nanocomposite shows a high sodium‐storage capability, excellent rate capacity, and very good cycling performance. A capacity of 310 mAh g−1 can remain at 5.0 A g−1 after 2500 cycles. Furthermore, a sodium‐ion battery (SIB) full cell composed of the MoS2/carbon composite anode and a Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode maintains a specific capacity of 330 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 during 100 cycles. The mechanism is investigated by in situ and ex situ characterizations as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Color‐Tunable Supramolecular Luminescent Materials
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Huang , Hu Wenping , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: October 2021

Constructing multicolor photoluminescent materials with tunable properties is an attractive research objective on account of their abundant applications in materials science and biomedical engineering. By comparison with covalent synthesis, supramolecular chemistry has provided a more competitive and promising strategy for the production of organic materials and the regulation of their photophysical properties. By taking advantage of dynamic and reversible noncovalent bonding interactions, supramolecular strategies can, not only simplify the design and fabrication of organic materials, but can also endow them with dynamic reversibility and stimuli responsiveness, making it much easier to adjust the superstructures and properties of the materials. Occasionally, it is possible to introduce emergent properties into these materials, which are absent in their precursor compounds, broadening their potential applications. In an attempt to highlight the state‐of‐the‐art noncovalent strategies available for the construction of smart luminescent materials, an overview of color‐tunable materials is presented in this Review, with the emphasis being placed on the examples drawn from host–guest complexes, supramolecular assemblies and crystalline materials. The noncovalent synthesis of room‐temperature phosphorescent materials and the modulation of their luminescent properties are also described. Finally, future directions and scientific challenges in the emergent field of color‐tunable supramolecular emissive materials are discussed.
Giant Thermal Transport Tuning at a Metal/Ferroelectric Interface
Authors: Zang Yipeng , Di Chen , Geng Zhiming , Yan Xuejun , Ji Dianxiang , Zheng Ningchong , Jiang Xingyu , Fu Hanyu , Wang Jianjun , Guo Wei , Sun Haoying , Han Lu , Zhou Yunlei , Gu Zhengbin , Kong Desheng , Aramberri Hugo , Cazorla Claudio , Íñiguez Jorge , Rurali Riccardo , Chen Longqing , Zhou Jian , Wu Di , Lu Minghui , Nie Yuefeng , Chen Yanfeng , Pan Xiaoqing
Published: October 2021

Interfacial thermal transport plays a prominent role in the thermal management of nanoscale objects and is of fundamental importance for basic research and nanodevices. At metal/insulator interfaces, a configuration commonly found in electronic devices, heat transport strongly depends upon the effective energy transfer from thermalized electrons in the metal to the phonons in the insulator. However, the mechanism of interfacial electron–phonon coupling and thermal transport at metal/insulator interfaces is not well understood. Here, the observation of a substantial enhancement of the interfacial thermal resistance and the important role of surface charges at the metal/ferroelectric interface in an Al/BiFeO3 membrane are reported. By applying uniaxial strain, the interfacial thermal resistance can be varied substantially (up to an order of magnitude), which is attributed to the renormalized interfacial electron–phonon coupling caused by the charge redistribution at the interface due to the polarization rotation. These results imply that surface charges at a metal/insulator interface can substantially enhance the interfacial electron–phonon‐mediated thermal coupling, providing a new route to optimize the thermal transport performance in next‐generation nanodevices, power electronics, and thermal logic devices.
Light Intensity Analysis of Photovoltaic Parameters for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Glowienka Damian , Galagan Yulia
Published: October 2021

The number of publications on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continues to grow exponentially. Although the efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25.5%, not every research laboratory can reproduce this result or even pass the border of 20%. Unfortunately, it is not always clear which dominating mechanism is responsible for the performance drop. Here, a simple method of light intensity analysis of the JV parameters is developed, allowing an understanding of what the mechanisms are that appear in the solar cell and limit device performance. The developed method is supported by the drift‐diffusion model and is aimed at helping in the explanation of parasitic losses from the interface or bulk recombination, series resistance, or shunt resistance in the perovskite solar cell. This method can help not only point toward the dominating of bulk or interface recombination in the devices but also determine which interface is more defective. A detailed and stepwise guidance for such a type of light intensity analysis of JV parameters is provided. The proposed method and the conclusions of this study are supported by a series of case studies, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method on real examples.
Polarimetric Image Sensor and Fermi Level Shifting Induced Multichannel Transition Based on 2D PdPS
Authors: Wang Xingang , Xiong Tao , Zhao Kai , Zhou Ziqi , Xin Kaiyao , Deng Hui‐Xiong , Kang Jun , Yang Juehan , Liu Yue‐Yang , Wei Zhongming
Published: October 2021

2D materials have been attracting high interest in recent years due to their low structural symmetry, excellent photoresponse, and high air stability. However, most 2D materials can only respond to specific light, which limits the development of wide‐spectrum photodetectors. Proper bandgap and the regulation of Fermi level are the foundations for realizing electronic multichannel transition, which is an effective method to achieve a wide spectral response. Herein, a noble 2D material, palladium phosphide sulfide (PdPS), is designed and synthesized. The bandgap of PdPS is around 2.1 eV and the formation of S vacancies, interstitial Pd and P atoms promote the Fermi level very close to the conduction band. Therefore, the PdPS‐based photodetector shows impressive wide spectral response from solar‐blind ultraviolet to near‐infrared based on the multichannel transition. It also exhibits superior optoelectrical properties with photoresponsivity (R) of 1 × 103 A W−1 and detectivity (D*) of 4 × 1011 Jones at 532 nm. Moreover, PdPS exhibits good performance of polarization detection with dichroic ratio of ≈3.7 at 808 nm. Significantly, it achieves polarimetric imaging and hidden‐target detection in complex environments through active detection.
Selectivity Enhancement for Ruthenium Atomic Layer Deposition in Sub‐50 nm Nanopatterns by Diffusion and Size‐Dependent Reactivity
Authors: Clerix Jan‐Willem J. , Marques Esteban A. , Soethoudt Job , Grillo Fabio , Pourtois Geoffrey , Van Ommen J. Ruud , Delabie Annelies
Published: October 2021

Area‐selective deposition (ASD) is a promising bottom‐up approach for fabricating nanoelectronic devices. However, a challenge is to prevent the undesired growth of nanoparticles in the nongrowth area. This work uses kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) methods to investigate the defectivity in ruthenium ASD by (ethylbenzyl)(1‐ethyl‐1,4‐cyclohexadienyl)Ru/O2 (EBECHRu) atomic layer deposition (ALD) in line‐space nanopatterns with different dimensions. Ru ASD is governed by adsorption as well as diffusion. The defectivity depends on the pattern dimensions, as nanoparticles can diffuse and reach the interface with the growth area where they aggregate. For linewidths of 50 nm and smaller, all Ru adspecies are captured at the growth interface before growth by precursor adsorption is catalyzed. The synergetic effect of diffusion and size‐dependent reactivity reduces defectivity below 1010 Ru atoms cm−2 for at least 1000 ALD cycles. This is more than 1000 times lower than for patterns with a linewidth of 200 nm and larger, where the Ru content decreases significantly only near the interface with the growth surface. The predicted depletion zone is confirmed by experiments in nanoscale line‐space patterns. Overall, this mechanism results in smaller and fewer Ru nanoparticles for smaller patterns, facilitating the development of passivation‐deposition‐etch ASD processes for nanoelectronic device fabrication.
A Stretchable Multimode Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Sensing
Authors: Hu Shiyu , Chang Shoude , Xiao Gaozhi , Lu Jianping , Gao Jun , Zhang Yanguang , Tao Ye
Published: October 2021

A new type of stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) made of a custom‐formulated stretchable conductive composite and an elastomer is reported in this work. The unique structural design allows this stretchable TENG to effectively operate in both pressing and stretching modes. In the pressing mode, the stretchable TENG is able to deliver an open‐circuit voltage of 69 V, a short‐circuit current density of 3.05 mA m−2, and a power density of 23 mW m−2 under loaded conditions. The excellent electrical properties of the stretchable conductive composite under strained conditions render the TENG performance resilient against stretching, with only a 10% decrease in open‐circuit voltage and charge transfer when being subject to 43% strain. In the stretching mode, the TENG exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 8.4 V, a short‐circuit current density of 0.18 mA m−2, and a power output of 0.19 mW m−2 under loaded conditions. Aside from pressing and stretching, the TENG is responsive to other mechanical deformation such as bending and twisting, with output voltages of 4 and 8 V, respectively. Versatile applications in energy harvesting and sensing, enabled by the multimode operation capability of the stretchable TENG, are demonstrated.
Circularly polarized luminescent self‐organized helical superstructures: From materials and stimulus‐responsiveness to applications
Authors: He Yanrong , Lin Siyang , Guo Jinbao , Li Quan
Published: October 2021

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has gained considerable attention in various systems and has rapidly developed into an emerging research field. To meet the needs of actual applications in diverse fields, a high luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and tunable optical performance of CPL would be the most urgent pursuit for researchers. Accordingly, many emerging CPL materials and various strategies have been developed to address these critical issues. Emissive cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), that is, luminescent self‐organized helical superstructures, are considered to be ideal candidates for constructing CPL‐active materials, as they not only exhibit high glum values, but also enable flexible optical control of CPL. This review mainly summarizes the characteristics of CPL based on CLCs as the bulk phase doped with different emitters, including aggregated induced emission molecules, conventional organic small molecules, polymer emitters, metal–organic complex emitters, and luminescent nanoparticles. In addition, the recent significant progress in stimulus‐responsive CPL based on emissive CLCs in terms of several types of stimuli, including light, electricity, temperature, mechanical force, and multiple stimuli is presented. Finally, a short perspective on the opportunities and challenges associated with CPL‐active materials based on the CLC field is provided. This review is anticipated to offer new insights and guidelines for developing CLC‐based CPL‐active materials for broader applications.
Prediction of the prognosis of patients with bacteremia caused by encapsulated organisms using spleen volume: A retrospective study
Authors: Shimoyama Keiichiro , Azuma Kazunari , Nakamura Itaru , Oda Jun
Published: October 2021

Aim

The spleen plays an important role in the immune response, and patients with impaired spleen function are at risk of overwhelming post‐splenectomy infection. This study investigated whether the spleen volume could predict the prognosis of patients with bacteremia caused by encapsulated organisms.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective observational study at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. Twenty patients with encapsulated bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Capnocytophaga canimorsus) detected in blood culture between January 2017 and July 2020 were included in the study and categorized into two groups: survive and nonsurvive groups. We investigated the association between spleen volume (SV), spleen volume index (SVI), and in‐hospital mortality. The SVI was defined as: SVI‐H, spleen volume cm3/height m; SVI‐BW, spleen volume cm3/body weight kg; and SVI‐A, spleen volume cm3 × age/100.

Results

The number of patients in the survive group was 17, and that of the non‐survive group was 3. The SV and SVI were smaller in the nonsurvive group than in the survive group (P < 0.05). The calculated the SV cut‐off for the prediction of prognosis was 36 cm3 with a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 66.7% with a positive predictive value of 94.1% and a negative predictive value of 66.7%.

Conclusions

The SV and SVI could be used to predict the prognosis of bacteremia caused by encapsulated organisms. If the spleen volume as measured by computed tomography is small, more intensive treatment should be considered.
Development of a microwave‐assisted solvent extraction process for the extraction of high‐value carotenoids from Chlorella biomass
Authors: Sarma Mrinal K. , Saha Koel , Choudhury Rachna , Pabbi Sunil , Madamwar Datta , Subudhi Sanjukta
Published: October 2021

The commercial production of carotenoids as bioactive commodities from microalgae has been severely limited due to the nature of the microalgal outer cell matrix. Microwave technology offers a rapid method for obtaining larger amounts of these biochemical compounds. The process facilitates cell‐wall rupture, releasing the inner cell components. Chlorella biomass, raised in an outdoor raceway pond, is used for downstream extraction of carotenoids by following the microwave‐assisted solvent extraction (MAE) approach. The response surface modeling (RSM) strategy was employed to optimize the two independent parameters, power and extraction time, with a two‐level central composite design (CCD). Acetone, hexane, methanol, hexane : acetone (1:1), hexane : ethanol (7:3) were used as solvents of choice. Acetone gave a total carotenoid yield of 0.061 ± 0.003 mg gm−1 under optimum microwave power and time; 130 W and 1.69 min. The optimized yield from hexane was 0.00173 ± 0.005 mg gm−1 with an exposure time of 1 min to 100 W. The total carotenoid yield of the methanol‐based extraction batch was 0.0371 ± 0.004 mg gm−1 with 157 W and 1 min of extraction time. The solvent mixtures of hexane : acetone gave 0.0398 ± 0.002 mg gm−1 (185 W for 1.7 min) and hexane : ethanol gave 0.0383 ± 0.004 mg gm−1 (195 W, 1.6 min), respectively. The results indicate a satisfactory outcome to the process. They also show microwave‐based extraction to be a fast, economic, reproducible, and repeatable method in comparison with the conventional strategies used for recovering the sensitive natural pigments. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd