bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stablecoins, Central Bank Digital Currencies and US Dollar Hegemony
Authors: Fantacci Luca , Gobbi Lucio
Published: January 2021

Stablecoins are second generation cryptocurrencies, aimed at maintaining their value stable with respect to official currencies. The most famous example is perhaps represented by libra, the cryptocurrency announced by Facebook in 2019 and yet to be issued; the most widespread is tether, with a market capitalization of almost 10 billion dollars and a daily transaction volume of almost 50 billion dollars, which makes it the most used cryptocurrency. The diffusion of stablecoins is hardly surprising. By minimizing volatility – the main flaw of first generation cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin –, stablecoins are expected to play an even more important role on a global scale within a few years. Our contribution deals not with the economic, but specifically with the geopolitical factors that could foster the use of stablecoins for strategic and military purposes. In particular, we focus on how such payment instruments, together with other alternative electronic payment systems, could be used as a means to circumvent economic sanctions and ultimately as a challenge to the hegemony of the US dollar in the international monetary system.
Commutators on Weighted Morrey Spaces on Spaces of Homogeneous Type
Authors: Gong Ruming , Li Ji , Pozzi Elodie , Vempati Manasa N.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we study the boundedness and compactness of the commutator of Calderón– Zygmund operators T on spaces of homogeneous type (X, d, µ) in the sense of Coifman and Weiss. More precisely, we show that the commutator [b, T] is bounded on the weighted Morrey space

L

ω

p
,
k

(
X
)

L_\omega ^{p,k}\left( X \right)

with κ ∈ (0, 1) and ω ∈ Ap
(X), 1 < p < ∞, if and only if b is in the BMO space. We also prove that the commutator [b, T] is compact on the same weighted Morrey space if and only if b belongs to the VMO space. We note that there is no extra assumptions on the quasimetric d and the doubling measure µ.
Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Fathi Amirhosein , Kermani Farzad , Behnamghader Aliasghar , Banijamali Sara , Mozafari Masoud , Baino Francesco , Kargozar Saeid
Published: January 2021

Over the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.

The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.
MiR-30c-5p/ROCK2 axis regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HG-induced HK-2 cells
Authors: Cui Lianshun , Yu Meiyan , Cui Xinglei
Published: January 2021

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNA-30c-5p (miR-30c-5p) participates in the pathogenesis of DN, but the mechanism has not been clearly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological role of miR-30c-5p in human DN progressionin vitro. Compared with the controls, DN tissues and high glucose-induced HK-2 cells had significantly reduced miR-30c-5p levels, while ROCK2 expression was prominently elevated. Additionally, the miR-30c-5p mimic distinctly facilitated cell proliferation and blocked cell apoptosis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, ROCK2 was a target gene of miR-30c-5p, and the effects of miR-30c-5p mimic on cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT were reversed by ROCK2 upregulationin vitro. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of DN was regulated by the miR-30c-5p/ROCK2 axis via the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiR-30c-5p regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT through targeting ROCK2 via the PI3K/AKT pathway provides the novel potential target for clinical treatment of DN.
Experimental Conviviality: Exploring Convivial and Sustainable Practices
Authors: Adloff Frank
Published: January 2021

The paper develops a concept of conviviality as a form of friendly togetherness that includes people, technical infrastructures and nature. Therefore, Marcel Mauss’s concept of the gift, different strands of thinking about conviviality (e.g. Ivan Illich), John Dewey’ experimentalism and the political theory and movement of convivialism are firstly depicted and discussed. The goal, secondly, is to integrate these various theoretical perspectives in order a) to better grasp already existent forms of conviviality and to b) develop an analytical and normative standpoint that on the one hand helps to evaluate unsustainable, non-convivial and on the other convivial forms of living together.

Thus, such an analytical and normative model of modes of conviviality points out that associative self-organisation is decisive for the theory and practice of conviviality. Exchange without remuneration (between people and between people and nature) as well as self-organised gathering can be seen as the basis of a convivial social order which is differentiated from a solely instrumental, unsustainable and monetarily defined version of prosperity and the good life.
Copula modeling for discrete random vectors
Authors: Geenens Gery
Published: January 2021

Copulas have now become ubiquitous statistical tools for describing, analysing and modelling dependence between random variables. Sklar’s theorem, “the fundamental theorem of copulas”, makes a clear distinction between the continuous case and the discrete case, though. In particular, the copula of a discrete random vector is not fully identifiable, which causes serious inconsistencies. In spite of this, downplaying statements may be found in the related literature, where copula methods are used for modelling dependence between discrete variables. This paper calls to reconsidering the soundness of copula modelling for discrete data. It suggests a more fundamental construction which allows copula ideas to smoothly carry over to the discrete case. Actually it is an attempt at rejuvenating some century-old ideas of Udny Yule, who mentioned a similar construction a long time before copulas got in fashion.
Evolution of the Bystrzyca River valley during Middle Pleistocene Interglacial (Sudetic Foreland, south-western Poland)
Authors: Krzyszkowski Dariusz , Wachecka-Kotkowska Lucyna , Krawczyk Marcin
Published: January 2021

The article depicts the problem of river system development during the Middle Pleistocene Interglacial in the Bystrzyca River Valley (Sudetic Foreland, south-western Poland). Ten research sites located within the Świdnica Plain are presented, in which the structural, grain size (granulometry), petrographic, quartz grain morphoscopy, and heavy mineral analyses were carried out. The study results show the formation of piedmont fan deposits 2–8 km to the NE of the Sudetic Marginal Fault. The location of the fluvial deposits between the Sanian and Odranian tills indicates that they were deposited during the Holsteinian Interglacial (Krzczonów Formation, Mazovian; see Table 1). According toxthe lithofacies analysis, vast alluvial plains, composed of angular gravel grains in the south and of sands in the north, were deposited in the Sudetic Foreland in the environment of a very dynamic river. They are covered with a discontinuous layer of Odranian till. The petrographic spectrum shows 90–99% of local rocks, namely, Sudetic porphyry, Sowie Mts Gneiss and milky quartz, and 1–10% of Scandinavian rocks. In the proto-Bystrzyca river system, the existence of an oxbow lake in the distal part of the Krzczonów fan has been proved, which was developing at the end of the Holsteinian Interglacial. The continuity of the alluvial deposits is interrupted in the vicinity of Świdnica due to both the tectonic movements and the formation of the narrow tectonic graben of Roztoka–Mokrzeszów.
A 3D numerical analysis of the compaction effects on the behavior of panel-type MSE walls
Authors: Won Myoung-Soo , Langcuyan Christine P.
Published: January 2021

Soil is weak in tension but strong in compression. The resistance to tensile deformation of soil is given by the tensile force of the reinforcement in the reinforced soil, and the tensile force of the reinforcement is generated by the frictional force at the soil-reinforcement interface. When the soil-reinforcement is effectively interacted by the compaction, the deformation of the soil becomes equal to the tensile deformation of the reinforcement material, which means that the soil is bound to the tensile force of the reinforcement material and thus has a great resistance to the tensile deformation. Therefore, compaction is one of the major parameters affecting the behavior of the mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall. In this study, a series of numerical analyses was performed to investigate the compaction effect on the behavior of the MSE walls. The results showed that the horizontal displacement of the MSE wall significantly increased during the construction and decreased because of surcharge load application after the construction. In addition, the strains of reinforcement increased significantly during the construction and decreased slightly because of surcharge load application after the construction. Therefore, it is important to consider the compaction loads when modeling the MSE walls, so that the lateral displacement at wall facing will not be underestimated during construction and will not be overestimated because of surcharge load application after the construction.
(ω, c)- Pseudo almost periodic distributions
Authors: Khalladi Mohammed Taha , Rahmani Abdelkader
Published: January 2021

The paper is a study of the (w, c) −pseudo almost periodicity in the setting of Sobolev-Schwartz distributions. We introduce the space of (w, c) −pseudo almost periodic distributions and give their principal properties. Some results about the existence of distributional (w, c) −pseudo almost periodic solutions of linear differential systems are proposed.
The utilisation of translanguaging for learning and teaching in multilingual primary classrooms
Authors: Omidire Margaret Funke , Ayob Sameera
Published: January 2021

This article reports on the outcome of utilising a multilingual strategy that promotes translanguaging to support primary grade learners and the enablers and constraints of the implementation of such strategies. Purposive sampling was used to select two schools. Grade 5 and 6 learners (N = 162) and their teachers (N = 3) participated in the study. Qualitative research approach was employed and data was collected using classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and storyboards. Data was analysed thematically and categorised. It was found that the enablers of translanguaging included a non-threatening and safe environment. Teachers’ positive attitude, the accessibility of the translated materials and the learners’ sense of pride due to acknowledgement and use of their home languages during lessons. The constraints included inadequate resources, limited lesson time, complexity of some of the home languages, limited experience of the teachers using a multilingual approach and existing socio-economic factors. Future longitudinal research is required to explore the impact of the strategy on the academic performance of the learners.
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis in Media
Authors: Luca Ion-Sorin
Published: January 2021

This study attempts a multimodal discourse analysis of a newspaper article during the Brexit campaign. The aim is to help the audience decode and evaluate photographs and texts from media by providing a few strategies as guidance. The approach adopted for this analytical research is inspired by Halliday and Matthiessen’s An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2004). Consequently, the objects in a photograph and words in a text function similarly conveying information to the audience, and additionally, involve a similar strategy of analysis. To sum up, these strategies are intended to improve the audience’s comprehension of decoding article meaning and journalist’s intention.
Behaviour of Sediments in Water Structures
Authors: Junáková Natália , Junák Jozef
Published: January 2021

Bottom sediments are a natural part of aquatic ecosystems. They are increasingly contributing to the deterioration of watercourses and reservoirs and are an undesirable material that causes various serious environmental and technical problems. The most significant problems include the instability of riverbeds, the transport of chemicals, nutrients and organic compounds, the supply of sediments to water reservoirs. Bottom sediments have the ability to bind to their surface various predominantly harmful substances such as heavy metals, radionuclides, nutrients and organic substances. Such sediments pose a risk to the water system in terms of possible remobilization of pollutants into the water.

This paper is focused on the study of behavior of sediments in the Hervartov small water reservoir located in the east of Slovakia and their ability to adsorb phosphorus at the sediment-water interface. The results show that the efficiency of sorption of phosphorus from the aqueous environment by fine and coarse-grained sediments is the highest at the lowest input concentrations of phosphorus in solution, or at low concentrations in surface water above the sediment. At these concentrations, the amount of sorbed phosphorus by fine-grained sediments was up to almost 99%. The coarse-grained sediments sorbed phosphorus at a level of up to 84%. Increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the solution leads to a decrease in the sorption efficiency of the sediment, while at high concentrations of the sorbate, the sorption process is significantly stabilized due to reaching the maximum sorption capacity of bottom sediments.
The investigation of effects of humidity and temperature on torque transducers calibration
Authors: Tuğcu M. Barış , Feyzullahoğlu Erol
Published: January 2021

Torque transducer is mechanical device that converts an energy form to another energy form. Torque transducers are calibrated by using machines such as dead weight calibration machines and reference torque transducer systems. Torque transducers are at risk of being affected by various environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, and deviating from expected measurement results due to strain gauges on them. These factors should be kept under control, if this is not possible, contribution of ambient temperature and air humidity effects on measurement results should be taken into consideration. In this study, measurements were made according to DIN 51309 directive, and effect of other parameter changes on measurement uncertainty, while temperature and humidity kept constant in turn, was investigated. In this study, the goal was to reduce measurement uncertainty of calibration by determining the optimum temperature and humidity values in test environment. As a result of this study, the optimum values are obtained. The lowest measurement uncertainty was found at 21 °C and 50 % RH in this experimental study. In a test environment where optimum environmental conditions are obtained as a result of this study, the torque transducers will have the opportunity to work with maximum precision.
Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1
Authors: Liu Ting , Liao Xing-Zhi , Zhou Mai-Tao
Published: January 2021

Background

Brain edema is one of the major causes of fatality and disability associated with injury and neurosurgical procedures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, on astrocytes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methodology

A rat model of TBI was established. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups – one group was treated with normal saline and the second group was treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg). The brain water content and permeability of the blood–brain barrier were assessed in the two groups along with a sham group (no TBI). Expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, endthelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Effect of UTI on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was measured by western blot.

Results

UTI significantly decreased the brain water content and extravasation of the Evans blue dye. This attenuation was associated with decreased activation of the astrocytes and ET-1. UTI treatment decreased ERK and Akt activation and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory VEGF and MMP-9.

Conclusion

UTI can alleviate brain edema resulting from TBI by inhibiting astrocyte activation and ET-1 production.
Comparison of deferasirox and deferoxamine effect on liver enzyme activities and ferritin level in patients with beta-thalassemia
Authors: Ali Rasul , Ali Dler , Ahmed Zhyan , Ahmed Amal , Hassen Dilvin , Tahir Rozy
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: Patients on blood transfusion may develop complications related to iron overload and the effects of chelating agents (drugs), which adversely affect the liver in thalassemia, which is a genetic blood disorder of hemoglobin synthesis that causes severe anemia. This study aimed to assess the effect of deferasirox and deferoxamine drugs on liver enzyme activities (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), and serum ferritin level in β_thalassemic patients. Methods: This study was carried out in Erbil city from October 2017 to February 2018. Blood specimens were collected in Hawler thalassemia center and Raparin hospital. The samples included 105 individuals; 70 β-thalassemic patients (35 treated by deferasirox as group A and 35 treated by deferoxamine as group B), and 35 healthy individuals (control group C). Results: The serum aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in β-thalassemic patients were higher than that of controls. The serum alanine transaminase activity in the patients' groups showed non-significant elevation than that of controls. The serum ferritin level in the patients was significantly higher than that of controls. Conclusion: Our finding showed that both deferasirox and deferoxamine drugs affect liver enzymes and increase ferritin level. Keywords: β-thalassemia; Deferasirox; Deferoxamine; Liver enzymes; Ferritin.
Evaluation of pancreatic lipase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Baban Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: Pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones. Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. When the digestive enzymes are activated before they are released into the small intestine, they begin attacking the pancreas, and pancreatic damage happens. This study aimed to evaluate the association between pancreatic lipase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and acute pancreatitis in patients living in Erbil city. Methods: The present study was carried out at the College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University from December 2017 to July 2018. A total of 35 patients with acute pancreatitis and 25 healthy controls were investigated. Examinations of serum pancreatic lipase and gamma glutamyl transferase were carried out spectrophotometrically for both groups using commercial diagnostics kits. Results: The results showed that the mean level of serum pancreatic lipase in patients with pancreatitis was significantly higher (P <0.01)compared to normal healthy control. The mean serum gamma glutamyl transferase was higher in patients with acute pancreatitis when compared to the reference group but not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the frame of this work, we delineate that pancreatic diseases had a significant effect on pancreatic enzymes reflected by a significant increase in serum lipase, whereas the level of gamma glutamyl transferase increased marginally. Keywords: Pancreatitis; Pancreatic lipoprotein lipase; Gamma glutamyl transferase.
Decision thresholds and minimal important difference estimates for evidence-based practice and policy (Part 2)
Authors: McDougall Beth , Reid Mike , Mitra Souvik , Johnston Bradley
Published: January 2021

Understanding core concepts in epidemiology and biostatistics is crucial for evidence-based clinical practice and policy. In this second installment of our two-part series on threshold concepts, we transition from understanding the ubiquitous p-value to tools and measures for decision making among clinicians-in-training, highlighting the growing importance of utilizing explicit and evidence-based approaches to make appropriate and efficient decisions. We review two related decision-making concepts: (1) Minimal Important Difference (MID) estimates and (2) Decision Thresholds, focusing specifically on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). These terms and many other related expressions are used regularly, and often interchangeably, but what are they? Why are they valuable? And how can they be used to support evidence-based decision-making in clinical contexts and develop strong clinical practice guidelines? We conclude our brief review on the utility of these measures with a spotlight on a local example of how the theory underlying MID estimates and decision thresholds is currently being embedded in electronic platforms in primary care contexts targeting depression in Nova Scotia.
Technology Acceptance Model, Social Influence and Perceived Risk in Using Mobile Applications: Empirical Evidence in Online Transportation in Indonesia
Authors: Ikhsan Khairul
Published: January 2021

The purpose is to examine the impact of technology acceptance model consisting of usefulness and ease of use on the intention to use, social influence and perceived risk consisting of physical and psychological risk on the intention to use, and examine its impact on behavior using mobile applications. Benefit, ease of use and social factors were considered as the critical factors in accepting and using a technology. However, mobile applications has limitation in consuming an online product or service. A total of 1383 questionnaires were obtained from respondents of online transportation service users in Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta and Surabaya. Using PLS-SEM, it is found that the there are significant relationships between technology acceptance model, physical risk, intention and behavior using mobile applications, but no relationship between psychological risk and intention. This study also found that the influence of intention on behavior using mobile applications is dependent on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived physical risk rather than perceived psychological risks.
Informação
Authors: Sautter Frank Thomas
Published: January 2021

Formulações da validade dedutiva clássica costumam recorrer explicitamente a modalidades: por exemplo, um argumento é classicamente dedutivamente válido se, e somente se, necessariamente se as premissas forem verdadeiras, a conclusão também é verdadeira. Não é possível abolir completamente esse apelo ao discurso modal, porque a lógica clássica é o domínio das possibilidades. Não obstante, pode-se, por intermédio de uma semântica informacional, evitar que o usuário da lógica clássica tenha de manipular modalidades, ainda que elas estejam, de algum modo, imbricadas nos infons – unidades mínimas de informação. A partir do trabalho pioneiro de Carnap e de Bar-Hillel, apresentarei duas semânticas informacionais: uma delas diretamente relacionada a mundos possíveis, e a outra relacionada aos duais de mundos possíveis.
A crise jurisdicional-ambiental
Authors: Gardelin Lucas Dagostini , Calgaro Cleide , De Souza Draiton Gonzaga
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho pretende ler o fenômeno da crise da jurisdição e alguns de seus corolários, em especial na seara de proteção ambiental, à luz do pensamento de Hannah Arendt. Para tanto, busca estabelecer paralelos entre as reflexões jurídicas, mormente assentadas na crítica do paradigma racionalista e da “consumerização” do Direito, e as meditações arendtianas. Sinaliza a necessidade de paradigma capaz de lançar luzes a um Direito igualmente exortado a responsabilizar-se pelo meio ambiente.
Uma apresentação dos conceitos de atitude e categoria em Eric Weil
Authors: Soares Daniel Benevides
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho é oferecer uma via de acesso ao pensamento de Eric Weil por meio de uma apresentação de alguns dos seus principais conceitos. Trata-se dos conceitos de atitude, categoria e retomada, elementos que constituem o léxico próprio do pensamento weiliano e cuja compreensão é capital para o enfrentamento de sua principal obra, a Lógica da filosofia. Oferece-se no presente artigo uma explanação introdutória sobre algumas das ferramentas conceituais fundamentais para a pesquisa na filosofia weiliana. Para tanto, dividiu-se o artigo em três seções. Na primeira, introduziu-se a discussão weiliana a respeito da filosofia e do seu outro, a violência, bem como de uma lógica da filosofia. Encerra-se essa etapa apresentando informações importantes sobre as categorias weilianas. Na segunda seção discute-se de modo mais detido as categorias e atitudes, sua dinâmica e a passagem entre elas. Diferenciam-se atitudes reais das atitudes puras, aquelas que geram as categorias. Na terceira seção, tratamos do conceito de retomada. Concluí-se essa seção com as categorias formais que esquematizam a lógica da filosofia e realizam a transição do formal para o concreto: sentido e sabedoria.
Youth Movements, Civil Disobedience, and the Skandalon of the Ecological Crisis
Authors: Castanheira Nuno Pereira
Published: January 2021

The ecological crisis is endangering life on Earth as we know it, giving rise to multiple protests, strikes and marches around the world, most of them lead by children and teenagers. The aim of this paper is to argue for the legitimacy of the presence of children and teenagers in political life in the current state of the ecological crisis through a seemingly paradoxical kind of participation: civil disobedience, i.e. refusal to participate. The paper will start by addressing the need to think the ecological crisis and analyze its origins; it will then consider the significance of the role performed by children and teenagers in the political stances regarding the crisis on the basis of Hannah Arendt’s ontological-political thought.
Goethe e Mozart – o problema Ópera (1991)
Authors: Rajobac Raimundo
Published: January 2021

O texto de Hans-Georg Gadamer que apresentamos traduzido para o português compõe um esforço mais amplo que investiga uma Hermenêutica da Música no contexto das Obras Completas (Gesammelte Werke) do hermeneuta. Segue de um ponto de vista fundamental, as questões levantadas a respeito dos fenômenos da compreensão e da interpretação apresentados em Verdade e Método (1960) (Wahrheit und Methode), principalmente no que diz respeito à experiência da arte na primeira parte da Obra. Busca-se apresentar a experiência da música a partir dos diversos textos sobre música que podem ser encontrados no todo da Obra e que ainda não se encontram traduzidos para o português. Dessa forma, ao considerarmos o êxito contemporâneo da Hermenêutica no contexto do debate das ciências, contra as pretensões metodológicas objetificadoras e, a consequente crítica à epistemologia, o recurso gadameriano à música desdobra-se nas trilhas da crítica ontológica sobre o modo de ser do estético. O escrito “Goethe e Mozart – o problema Ópera (1991)” compõe o nono Tomo das Obras Completas com o título Ästhetik und Poetik II: Hermeneutik im Vollzug.
The Victimization of the Ahmadiyya Minority Group in Indonesia: Explaining the Justifications and Involved Actors
Authors: Regus Max
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the victimization of the Ahmadiyya minority community in Indonesia. This article can be considered as one of the crucial studies that analyze the problems faced by the Ahmadiyah minority group in Indonesia due to violence. This study's importance relates to academic efforts in understanding the complexities of the Ahmadiyya community's victimization in Indonesia. This study is also essential in providing input or recommendations for the state, social elements (NGOs), and the Ahmadiyah group. This article proposes the theory of violence as an analytical framework for understanding violence against the Ahmadiyah group. This article provides vital objectives in understanding two aspects of the victimization process of the Ahmadiyya group. First, justifications for the victimization is based on state and religious decrees. Second, the victimization process involves actors and institutions. Besides, this study was conducted using a systematic qualitative review as a method. The data has been collected through extensive reviews on previous studies, ethnographic reports, institutional reports, NGO reports, government, and media.
Emotional Perception in 11S (USA) and 11M (Spain) Advertisement
Authors: Martinez-Pastor Esther , Simón-de-Blas Clara
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to contrast whether cognitive memory and emotional recall related to a tragic event and exposure to advertisements that evoke such an experience generates a negative emotional change in the target. We performed an experiment that analyzes emotional changes derived from advertisements featured in the national press ten years after terrorist attacks. We chose the attacks: September 11, 2001, in New York City, and March 11, 2004, in Madrid and analyze the cognitive recall in a set of Spanish and United States focus groups. The results show a significant emotional change in the respondents after the advertisement visualization that is more strongly linked to the recall of a negative event than to the advertisement creativity.
Analysis of Effective Digital Communication in Travel Blog Business Models
Authors: Madriz Stefanie , Tejedor Santiago
Published: January 2021

The tourism industry has been affected dramatically by the appearance of the Web 2. This research aims to perform a clear and measurable evaluation of a varied sample of ten of these travel blogs and their application of the Web 2.0 attributes in order to present a potential set of guidelines to be applied by future blogs. The study is based on an in depth comparative analysis of various metrics related to the blogs’ profile, content, website performance/usability, social media, and marketing usage, with the help of different tables that were created for each of these sections. The results are later combined with the expert opinion of five different travel, journalism, and/or digital communication professionals. It is anticipated that travel blogs that operate as businesses utilize the Web 2.0 tools and informative attributes not only in their content, but also in their distribution, design, and digital ecosystems.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalism: transformations in the company, products, contents and professional profile
Authors: Túñez-López José-Miguel , Fieiras-Ceide César , Vaz-Álvarez Martín
Published: January 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising innovation frameworks with the potential to transform our relationship with technology. Particularly in journalism, AI is beginning to make its way transversally into the news production process and into the structure and functioning of the media. This article aims to anticipate how AI will impact on the Spanish media ecosystem and explain the medium-term transformations that are already being felt. The research approach is of an exploratory and descriptive nature, with a qualitative methodology based on Delphi-like in-depth interviews, encompassing an intentional sample of academic representatives, relevant associations and leading companies in the field of technology and communication. The results point out that AI will allow the extension of the current automated text news to audio and video on demand, it will favour that news can have a non-linear unstructured consumption, it will promote changes in the business model through new ways of relating with the audience and distribution of the product. Also, variations in the professional profile with a less operative journalist who will avoid routines –even of personal nature– that can be imitated by the machine and increase its cognitive contribution to the news production.
Efficiency of remote blood pressure monitoring in outpatients with hypertension: a pilot project in a city ambulatory care clinic
Authors: Sharapova Yu. A. , Starodubtseva I. A. , Villevalde S. V.
Published: January 2021

Aim. In a pilot project, to evaluate the effectiveness of remote blood pressure (BP) monitoring in outpatients followed up for hypertension (HTN).

Material and methods. A total of 1,121 patients (707 women and 414 men) with hypertension were included in the pilot project (mean age, 52,0±12,0 years; BP, 151,4±9,1/96,9±10,3 mm Hg). Patients independently measured BP and entered the values into self-management paper diaries (n=886), in digital form to their personal account (n=200), or transmitted data from BP monitor using installed mobile application (n=35). Each of the three groups was assessed at baseline and after 6 months. We assessed achievement of BP targets, medication adherence using the Morisky Green scale, the prevalence of patients with fixed-dose antihypertensive therapy, and the ambulance call rate.

Results. Prior to the study, 15,2% (n=171) of hypertensive patients regularly monitored their BP. After 6 months, the mean systolic BP decreased from 151,4±9,1 to 135,5±10,1 mm Hg (p<0,01), diastolic BP — from 96,9±10,3 to 85,8±6,3 mm Hg (p<0,01). The proportion of patients adhering to treatment (Morisky Green score of 4) increased from 17,9 to 55,4%, the frequency of prescribing dual antihypertensive therapy — from 25,8 to 43,3%, triple therapy — from 11,5 to 22,9%, fixed-dose combinations — from 25,4 to 51,6%. At the same time, the proportion of patients who achieved the target BP values increased from 14,5 to 43,1%, while the ambulance call rate decreased from 19,3 to 16,9%.

Conclusion. The use of remote BP monitoring methods, including BP monitors with automated data transmission, increases the prescription rate of combined antihypertensive therapy and proportion of patients who achieved the target BP, as well as decreases the ambulance call rate.
Tendência temporal da mortalidade em idosos em municípios no estado do Acre
Authors: Ribeiro Thainá Souza , Ramalho Alanderson Alves , Vasconcelos Suleima Pedroza , Opitz Simone Perufo , Koifman Rosalina Jorge
Published: January 2021

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade na população de idosos em municípios selecionados das cinco regionais de desenvolvimento no estado do Acre, Brasil. Método Estudo descritivo, ecológico de séries temporais, que utilizou dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), no qual foi selecionado o universo de óbitos ocorridos em idosos, registrados nos municípios acreanos de 1996 a 2015. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade brutas e ajustadas por idade, utilizando o método direto e a população mundial como referência. Para a análise das tendências, foi realizada a estimativa da variação percentual anual da mortalidade com nível de confiança de 95% pelo software Joinpoint Regression Program. Resultados A tendência da mortalidade geral apresentou-se decrescente em Rio Branco e com oscilações nos demais municípios investigados. As principais causas de óbito foram as doenças do aparelho circulatório, respiratório e neoplasias. Em Rio Branco, as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade nas doenças do aparelho circulatório reduziram 2,26% (p<0,001) ao ano e as neoplasias apresentaram tendência crescente e constante com uma variação anual de 1,02% (p=0,010). Conclusão O estudo mostrou evidências de polarização epidemiológica, geográfica e social no comportamento das tendências da mortalidade. Rio Branco, a capital do estado, apresentou padrões semelhantes aos das regiões desenvolvidas brasileiras. Por outro lado, os demais municípios apresentaram consideráveis oscilações nas tendências que podem estar relacionadas à elevada proporção de causas mal definidas. Esses achados podem auxiliar no planejamento de ações estratégicas e sugestões de hipóteses para novos estudos.
Dor crônica em idosos e associações diretas e indiretas com variáveis sociodemográficas e de condições de saúde: uma análise de caminhos
Authors: Ciola Graziella , Silva Marcela Fernandes , Yassuda Monica Sanches , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex
Published: January 2021

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de dor crônica em idosos acima de 70 anos de idade e as relações diretas e indiretas entre dor crônica e variáveis sociodemográficas e de condições de saúde. Método Estudo transversal, realizado com 419 idosos de 72 anos ou mais, entre 2016 e 2017. Os participantes são provenientes do estudo de seguimento do Estudo FIBRA, que incluiu idosos não institucionalizados residentes da zona urbana dos municípios de Campinas e Ermelino Matarazzo, do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A variável mediadora foi dor crônica, avaliada positivamente pelo autorrelato da presença de dor nos últimos seis meses. As variáveis independentes contempladas foram: sociodemográficas, comportamentos relacionados à saúde, multimorbidade, sintomas depressivos, insônia e autoavaliação de saúde. As relações diretas e indiretas foram testadas por meio da análise de caminhos. Resultados 57,0% da população estudada relatou dor crônica. O sexo feminino, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) elevado, a multimorbidade e os sintomas de insônia e de depressão apresentaram associação direta com dor crônica. A dor crônica figurou como variável mediadora das associações entre autoavaliação de saúde e gênero, IMC, multimorbidade e sintomas de insônia. Conclusão Os dados mostram uma rede de interações da dor crônica com variáveis sociodemográficas e de condições de saúde. Esse conhecimento poderá beneficiar o manejo e o cuidado à pessoa idosa acometida por dor crônica.
Influência da obesidade nos critérios de classificação de sarcopenia em idosos
Authors: Pillatt Ana Paula , Berlezi Evelise Moraes , Jesus Luana Brum de , Schneider Rodolfo Herberto , Franz Ligia Beatriz Bento
Published: January 2021

Resumo Objetivo identificar a prevalência de obesidade sarcopênica em idosos residentes na comunidade e analisar a relação da obesidade com os critérios de classificação da sarcopenia. Método Trata-se de um corte transversal analítico vinculado ao projeto “Atenção Integral à Saúde do Idoso”. A avaliação da sarcopenia foi realizada a partir dos critérios do Consenso Europeu de Sarcopenia. Para classificação dos idosos como obesos sarcopênicos considerou-se aqueles que se apresentaram como provável sarcopênico, sarcopênico ou sarcopênico severo associado ao percentual de gordura >27% para homens e >38% para mulheres. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística bivariada e um modelo de regressão linear. Resultados Dos 209 idosos residentes na comunidade foi verificado uma prevalência de 23,9% de sarcopenia, 28,2% de obesidade e 4,3% de obesidade sarcopênica. Ainda, pode-se observar que os homens apresentaram maior prevalência de sarcopenia (p=0,006) e de obesidade (p=0,005) que as mulheres; os obesos tiveram menor prevalência de perda de massa muscular que os idosos não obesos (p<0,001); e os obesos apresentaram incremento na força (p=0,003) e na massa muscular (p<0,001) em relação aos não obesos, mesmo quando ajustado para sexo, faixa etária, multicomorbidades e incapacidade funcional. Conclusão levando em consideração a prevalência de obesidade sarcopênica na população estudada e a influência positiva da obesidade na predição de força e massa muscular, destaca-se a importância da avaliação multidimensional do idoso, a fim de averiguar a real necessidade de intervenções para perda de peso corporal, com intuito de prevenção de perda de força e massa muscular.
Conhecimentos e sobrecarga do familiar cuidador frente ao paciente com demência
Authors: Santos Juliett Gonçalves dos , Lima Murilo Duarte da Costa , Inácio Antônio Sávio , Silva Érica Marcela Oliveira , Silva Raphael Alves da , Silva Felicialle Pereira da
Published: January 2021

Resumo Objetivo Verificar o conhecimento do familiar cuidador frente ao paciente com demência e avaliar a sobrecarga proveniente do cuidado. Método Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida no ambulatório de um hospital de referência em neurologia na cidade do Recife, PE, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista semiestruturada, questionário sociodemográfico e da aplicação da Escala de Zarit, os dados foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin e discutidos de acordo com os constructos da problematização e autonomia de Paulo Freire. Os participantes assinaram o TCLE atestando o consentimento para a pesquisa Resultados Da análise das entrevistas com 17 familiares cuidadores, emergiram três categorias temáticas: desconhecimento sobre a doença, percepção do familiar cuidador frente às necessidades do paciente e sobrecarga familiar. Com a progressão da doença, torna-se imprescindível a presença do cuidador, entretanto a maioria não possui suporte necessário para assistir aos seus familiares. Conclusão O estudo verificou o despreparo e a dificuldade do cuidador com manejo de seus familiares que possuem alguma síndrome demencial. Assim, torna-se necessária a continuidade de mais produções sobre essa temática e suas repercussões na vida dos familiares cuidadores, a fim de auxiliar nas estratégias de promoção à saúde para essa população.
CAMBIO DE GUARDIA: DEL PATRONATO HISPÁNICO A LA PAX AMERICANA (1889-1903)
Authors: Lago José Ramon Rodriguez
Published: January 2021

Resumen La relación de intereses comunes entre la monarquía hispánica y la curia pontificia durante cuatro largos siglos se vio trastocada definitivamente en 1898 cuando las consecuencias del denominado Desastre urgieron a una aproximación a un nuevo valedor del catolicismo en las antiguas posesiones españolas. La negociación del Vaticano con la administración estadounidense, fuertemente arropada por la creciente influencia de la jerarquía episcopal en el país de las mil religiones, manifestó muy pronto que los intereses católicos se verían mejor protegidos por la imposición de la Pax Americana que por el decrépito Imperio hispánico. Tal cambio guardia tuvo inicialmente consecuencias muy notables para el futuro de la Iglesia católica en el Caribe y el Pacífico, pero serviría además para alimentar una confianza mutua que resultaría decisiva para el futuro.
Autoridade, poder e violência: um estudo sobre humanização em saúde
Authors: Azeredo Yuri Nishijima , Schraiber Lilia Blima
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é resultado da dissertação “Saúde Coletiva e Filosofia: contribuições de Hannah Arendt para o debate de humanização” que objetivou a análise do conceito de humanização na produção do campo da Saúde Coletiva. A metodologia foi de vertente qualitativa, sendo o empírico constituído de documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e de artigos selecionados do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Analisou-se como se utiliza o termo humanização, buscando compreender como o entendem e constroem uma conceituação. O quadro referencial foi composto pela bibliografia que examina o contexto histórico das transformações sociais pelas quais passou o trabalho em saúde na Modernidade até a configuração mais atual, além das reflexões em torno dos conceitos de violência e poder desenvolvidas por Hannah Arendt. Reconheceram-se distinções conceituais necessárias na configuração do poder médico nos serviços de saúde, propiciando novas aproximações do tema humanização.
Dimensão epistêmica da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira: significados de gestores, profissionais e usuários
Authors: Sampaio Mariá Lanzotti , Bispo Júnior José Patrício
Published: January 2021

O estudo objetivou analisar a dimensão epistêmica da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira (RPB) sob a ótica de gestores, profissionais e usuários de serviços de saúde mental. Consiste em pesquisa qualitativa conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 33 participantes e observação de campo na rede de atenção psicossocial de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. O referencial teórico-metodológico fundamentou-se no campo epistêmico da RPB, com utilização de uma matriz analítica com três dimensões: concepção de saúde/sofrimento mental; propósito do cuidado; sentidos da desinstitucionalização. Os resultados apontam para a tautocronia de sentidos pautados nos saberes ampliados e emancipatórios, conforme pressupostos do modelo psicossocial, e em saberes psiquiátricos tradicionais, consoantes com o modelo manicomial. Emergiram múltiplos sentidos de desinstitucionalização. A difícil operacionalização dos ideais da RPB e a persistência de valores manicomiais demonstram a necessidade de resgate e fortalecimento do ideário do modelo psicossocial.
A alimentação coletiva como espaço de saúde pública: os riscos sanitários e os desafios trazidos pela pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Abranches Monise Viana , Oliveira Tatiana Coura , José Jackline Freitas Brilhante de São
Published: January 2021

O manuscrito discute a qualidade higiênica de espaços de comercialização, manipulação e consumo de alimentos à luz dos cuidados necessários à prevenção da contaminação por Sars-CoV-2. O texto chama a atenção para a dimensão sanitária da segurança alimentar, pouco discutida no âmbito da saúde pública, apesar de presente na Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (PNAN). A relevância desse trabalho é assegurada pelo paralelo traçado entre as condições higienicossanitárias de feiras, supermercados e restaurantes, percebendo-os como espaços de risco de disseminação do novo vírus, as orientações publicadas para a mitigação da Covid-19 e o papel desempenhado pela Vigilância Sanitária (Visa). Por fim, aponta a necessidade de regulamentações que considerem o arcabouço sociocultural dos agentes inseridos no processo e reforça a necessidade da instituição de espaços de diálogos que contribuam para a recodificação do conceito de higiene.