bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast sensitivity analysis methods for computationally expensive models with multi-dimensional output
Authors: Ryan Edmund , Wild Oliver , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Lee Lindsay
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is a powerful approach in identifying which
inputs or parameters most affect a model's output. This determines
which inputs to include when performing model calibration or uncertainty
analysis. GSA allows quantification of the sensitivity index (SI) of a
particular input – the percentage of the total variability in the output
attributed to the changes in that input – by averaging over the other inputs
rather than fixing them at specific values. Traditional methods of computing
the SIs using the Sobol and extended Fourier Amplitude
Sensitivity Test (eFAST) methods involve running a
model thousands of times, but this may not be feasible for computationally
expensive Earth system models. GSA methods that use a statistical emulator in
place of the expensive model are popular, as they require far fewer model
runs. We performed an eight-input GSA, using the Sobol and eFAST methods, on
two computationally expensive atmospheric chemical transport models using
emulators that were trained with 80 runs of the models. We considered two
methods to further reduce the computational cost of GSA: (1) a
dimension reduction approach and (2) an emulator-free approach. When
the output of a model is multi-dimensional, it is common practice to build a
separate emulator for each dimension of the output space. Here, we used
principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the output dimension, built an
emulator for each of the transformed outputs, and then computed SIs of the
reconstructed output using the Sobol method. We considered the global
distribution of the annual column mean lifetime of atmospheric methane, which
requires ∼ 2000 emulators without PCA but only 5–40 emulators
with PCA. We also applied an emulator-free method using a generalised
additive model (GAM) to estimate the SIs using only the training runs.
Compared to the emulator-only methods, the emulator–PCA and GAM methods
accurately estimated the SIs of the ∼ 2000 methane lifetime
outputs but were on average 24 and 37 times faster, respectively.
The importance of considering sub-grid cloud variability when using satellite observations to evaluate the cloud and precipitation simulations in climate models
Authors: Song Hua , Zhang Zhibo , Ma Po-Lun , Ghan Steven , Wang Minghuai
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Satellite cloud observations have become an indispensable tool for evaluating
general circulation models (GCMs). To facilitate the satellite and GCM
comparisons, the CFMIP (Cloud Feedback Model Inter-comparison Project)
Observation Simulator Package (COSP) has been developed and is now
increasingly used in GCM evaluations. Real-world clouds and precipitation can
have significant sub-grid variations, which, however, are often ignored or
oversimplified in the COSP simulation. In this study, we use COSP cloud
simulations from the Super-Parameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SPCAM5)
and satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and CloudSat to demonstrate the importance of
considering the sub-grid variability of cloud and precipitation when using
the COSP to evaluate GCM simulations. We carry out two sensitivity tests:
SPCAM5 COSP and SPCAM5-Homogeneous COSP. In the SPCAM5 COSP run, the sub-grid
cloud and precipitation properties from the embedded
cloud-resolving model (CRM) of SPCAM5 are used to drive the COSP simulation, while in
the SPCAM5-Homogeneous COSP run only grid-mean cloud and precipitation
properties (i.e., no sub-grid variations) are given to the COSP. We find that
the warm rain signatures in the SPCAM5 COSP run agree with the MODIS and
CloudSat observations quite well. In contrast, the SPCAM5-Homogeneous COSP
run which ignores the sub-grid cloud variations substantially overestimates
the radar reflectivity and probability of precipitation compared to the
satellite observations, as well as the results from the SPCAM5 COSP run. The
significant differences between the two COSP runs demonstrate that it is
important to take into account the sub-grid variations of cloud and
precipitation when using COSP to evaluate the GCM to avoid confusing and
misleading results.
On the choice of calibration metrics for high flow estimation using
hydrologic models
Authors: Mizukami Naoki , Rakovec Oldrich , Newman Andrew , Clark Martyn , Wood Andrew , Gupta Hoshin , Kumar Rohini
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Calibration is an essential step for improving the accuracy of simulations generated using hydrologic models, and a key modeler decision is the selection of the performance metric to be optimized. It has been common to used squared error performance metrics, or normalized variants such as Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), based on the idea that their squared-error nature will emphasize the estimation of high flows. However, we find that NSE-based model calibrations actually result in poor reproduction of high flow events, such as the annual peak flows that are used for flood frequency estimation. Using three different types of performance metrics, we calibrate two hydrological models, the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC) and the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM) and evaluate their ability to simulate high flow events for 492 basins throughout the contiguous United States. The metrics investigated are (1) NSE, (2) Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) and variants, and (3) Annual Peak Flow Bias (APFB), where the latter is an application-specific hydrologic signature metric that focuses on annual peak flows. As expected, the application specific APFB metric produces the best annual peak flow estimates; however, performance on other high flow related metrics is poor. In contrast, the use of NSE results in annual peak flow estimates that are more than 20 % worse, primarily due to the tendency of NSE to result in underestimation of observed flow variability. Meanwhile, the use of KGE results in annual peak flow estimates that are better than from NSE, with only a slight degradation in performance with respect to other related metrics, particularly when a non-standard weighting of the components of KGE is used. Overall this work highlights the need for a fuller understanding of performance metric behavior and design in relation to the desired goals of model calibration.
Movement and structure effects on Universal 20 word order frequencies: A quantitative study
Authors: Merlo Paola , Ouwayda Sarah
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we illustrate a novel method to translate a derivational explanation of Universal 20 into vectorial representations. We exploit this vectorial representation to answer a number of theoretical questions. First, we use linear regression to automatically rank the costs of different syntactic movements within this proposal and investigate some proposals on partial and complete movement. This investigation of movement suggests that the nature of the movement is important, while the importance of harmonic specification of functional categories, i.e. whether the movement is partial or complete, is more context-dependent. We then evaluate whether the base order dem num adj n is the best predictor of the typological facts. We compare different syntactic proposals on the position of numerals in the noun phrase. We find that a merge position of numerals higher than adjectives has better results in both methods. We also show, using this method, that the independently motivated low merge position for numerals can only be semantically motivated, which results in intra-linguistic variation, and is not a parametric choice.
Time Varying Grouping Variables in Markov Latent Class Analysis: Some Problems and Solutions
Authors: E. Berzofsky Marcus , P. Biemer Paul
Published: August 2018

Markov latent class analysis (MLCA) is a modeling technique for panel or longitudinal data that can be used to estimate the classification error rates (e.g., false positive and false negative rates for dichotomous items) for discrete outcomes with categorical predictors when gold-standard measurements are not available. Because panel surveys collect data at multiple time points, the grouping variables in the model may either be time varying or time invariant (static). Time varying grouping variables may be more correlated with either the latent construct or the measurement errors because they are measured simultaneously with the construct during the measurement process. However, they generate a large number of model parameters that can cause problems with data sparseness, model diagnostic validity, and model convergence. In this paper we investigate whether more parsimonious grouping variables that either summarize the variation of the time varying grouping variable or assume a structure that lacks memory of previous values of the grouping variables can be used instead, without sacrificing model fit or validity. We propose a simple diagnostic approach for comparing the validity of models that use time-invariant summary variables with their time-varying counterparts. To illustrate the methodology, this approach is applied to data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) where greater parsimony and a reduction in data sparseness were achieved with no appreciable loss in model validity for the outcome variables considered. The approach is generalized for application to essentially any MLCA using time varying group variables and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Optimal digital control of an uncertain parameter 2nd order plant
Authors: Oprzędkiewicz Krzysztof
Published: August 2018

In the paper a construction of a control system for 2nd order, uncertain-parameter plant is discussed. The considered model of the plant is described by state space equation or by equivalent transfer function and it describes a huge class of real control plants, for example – electric drives or oriented PV systems. As a controller the digital proportional (P) controller was employed. The control system is going to be implemented at the microcontroller platform. Results are by the example depicted.
Operation of an induction motor supplied by voltage with interharmonics
Authors: Drabek Tomasz
Published: August 2018

The paper discusses the effects of interharmonics, i.e. frequencies higher than the fundamental frequency, not being its total multiplicity, in the voltage supplying the induction motor. The emergence of interharmonics in a three-phase grid is mainly the result of the swinging of peak mains voltages. In induction machines, this results in the occurrence of currents with interharmonic and subharmonic frequencies, the generation of alternating moments, the swinging of the rotor speed and the change in the RMS value of the current of the fundamental frequency. The paper explores these phenomena simulation, taking into account the skin effect of currents in the rotor cage. The research was carried out both for interharmonics with a positive sequence of phases as well as for the negative sequence. The paper is a continuation of work [1].
Efficacy and Tolerability of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir in HCV Genotype 1-infected Elderly Japanese Patients
Authors: Uojima Haruki , Kobayashi Shuzo , Hidaka Hisashi , Kinbara Takeshi , Fujikawa Tomoaki , Nakayama Tsuyoshi , Yamanoue Hiroki , Kanemaru Takayuki , Hashimoto Tohru , Sung Ji Hyun , Kako Makoto , Koizumi Wasaburo
Published: August 2018

We assessed the characteristics of virological response to a combination treatment of ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected elderly Japanese patients. This multicenter prospective study was conducted at six locations in Japan. Seventy patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection were orally administered ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir once daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of elderly patients with sustained virological response (SVR) 12 weeks after the completion of treatment. Adverse events were also recorded to evaluate drug safety and tolerability during the trial period. SVR in elderly patients (age >65; 94% [47/50]) was lower than that in younger patients (100% [20/20]). No significant differences in SVR 12 weeks after the completion of treatment were observed between the age groups (P = 0.153). Adverse events were observed in 16 patients (23.3%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the change or discontinuation of concomitant drugs owing to drug interactions was independent of risk factors for adverse events associated with this drug combination (P = 0.015; odds ratio, 15.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.79–148). Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir combination treatment was highly effective in elderly patients. Tolerability should be monitored in older patients for whom concomitant medications are discontinued or changed because of drug interactions.
Response to Loco-Regional Therapy Predicts Outcomes After Liver Transplantation for Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Antwi Samuel O. , Habboush Yacob Y. , Chase Lori A. , Lee David D. , Patel Tushar C.
Published: August 2018

Introduction and aim: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CCA) is a rare liver malignancy distinct from either hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cholangiocarcinoma. Liver transplantation (LT) is not recommended for HCC-CCA because of suboptimal outcomes. Because non-invasive diagnosis of HCC-CCA is extremely challenging, some HCC-CCAs are presumed as HCC on imaging and listed for LT with the correct diagnosis ultimately made on explant pathology. We compared HCC-CCA with HCC to determine the utility of response to pre-transplant loco-regional therapy (LRT) in predicting outcomes for HCC-CCA after LT as a potential means of identifying appropriate HCC-CCA patients for LT. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of 19 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC-CCA individually matched to 38 HCC patients based on age, sex, and Milan criteria at listing was performed. The modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors was used to categorize patients as responders or non-responders to pre-transplant LRT based on imaging performed before and after LRT. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were examined. Results: OS at 3 years post-transplant was 74% for HCC-CCA and 87% for HCC. RFS at 3 years was 74% for HCC-CCA, and 87% for HCC. Among responders to LRT, the 3-year OS was 92% for HCC-CCA and 88% for HCC; among non-responders, 3-year OS was 43% for HCC-CCA and 83% for HCC. Higher 3-year OS was observed among HCC-CCA responders (77%) compared with HCC-CCA non-responders (23%). Conclusions: OS was similarly high among responders to pre-transplant LRT irrespective of tumor type. Radiologic response to LRT could potentially be used to select appropriate HCC-CCA patients for LT if the findings are validated in independent studies.
Barriers to Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C with Direct Acting Antivirals in an Urban Clinic
Authors: Malespin Miguel H. , Harris Ciel , Kanar Ozdemir , Jackman Kelly , Smotherman Carmen , Johnston Abbey , Ferm Julie , de Melo Jr Silvio W. , Scolapio James S. , Nelson David R. , Cotler Scott J.
Published: August 2018

Introduction and Aim. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents are highly effective for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) yet access to treatment remains a serious challenge. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to treatment initiation with DAA-containing regimens in an urban clinic setting. Materials and Methods. A retrospective cohort of all chronic HCV patients seen in an urban academic practice in Jacksonville, FL, USA from 1/2014-1/2017 was analyzed. Baseline characteristics were recorded and a review of medical records was performed to identify barriers to treatment initiation and overall success rates. Results. Two-hundred and forty patients with chronic HCV were analyzed. Fifty-six percent of patients were African-American and 63% were insured through Medicaid/county programs or uninsured. Sixty-nine percent had barriers to initiating antiviral therapy categorized as psychosocial (n=112), provider (n=26), medical (n=20), and insurance-related factors (n=7). The most commonly encountered psychosocial barriers included failure to keep appointments (79/240, 33%), active substance abuse (18/240, 8%), and failure to obtain laboratory testing (11/240, 5%). Overall, only 27% of patients evaluated were initiated on DAA-containing regimens with 18% reaching SVR12 within the 36-month study period. Conclusion. In conclusion, only 27% of patients who presented to an urban academic practice with chronic HCV received DAA-containing regimens over a 36-month period. Psychosocial issues were the major barriers to antiviral therapy. These findings illustrate the need for an integrated approach that addresses psychosocial factors as well as comorbidities and adherence to care in order to increase rates of HCV treatment in at risk patients.
Critical Factors in Determining Fiber Content of Feeds and Foods and Their Ingredients
Authors: Fahey George C , Novotny Lawrence , Layton Brian , Mertens David R
Published: August 2018

Background: Because of its chemical complexity, the estimation of dietary fiber content of feed and food materials is a difficult analytical challenge. Three major fiber analyses are conducted routinely in the United States including crude fiber (CF), detergent fiber, and total dietary fiber (TDF). Objective: Factors crucial to the successful measurement of dietary fibers are described and suggestions provided as to how to overcome potential analytical problems within assays. Methods: An accounting of methodological details that result in variation in fiber concentration values is presented along with suggestions as to how to decrease the variation. Results: CF analysis remains in use in the livestock feed and pet food industries for nutrition labeling purposes in spite of the fact that the analysis does not separate mammalian enzyme-digestible from indigestible carbohydrate components, and values obtained are usually 30–50% of the actual dietary fiber concentration. Detergent fiber methods quantify the insoluble dietary fibers (IDF) accurately, but not the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) components. TDF methods account for intrinsic and intact fibers, isolated and extracted fibers, and synthetic fibers found in feed and food ingredients and complete diet matrixes. Conclusions: The CF procedure should be abandoned as it fails to quantify fiber properly. Detergent analyses quantify IDF. TDF methods quantify both IDF and SDF. Highlights: Accurate dietary fiber quantification is essential given the role of fiber in health and well-being of animals and humans.
Train accidents: Is there post-traumatic stress disorder in train drivers?
Authors: Lemos Isabel da Conceição , Patrão Ivone
Published: August 2018

Aim

The objective of this study is to verify whether there is a correlation between PTSD, Depression, Life Events and Experiences of Dissociation Peritraumatic, and what is the effect of these variables on PTSD. Railway accidents are considered potentially traumatic events and one of the consequences is the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There are few studies that focus on the association between train accidents and the development of PTSD on train drivers.

Method

In total, 216 male train drivers with a mean age of 44.85 (SD = 5.70), completed the Portuguese versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the List of Life Events – Clinician Administered (CAPS), the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ).

Results

A prevalence of PTSD symptoms in train drivers (8.3%) was revealed, as well as the existence of a significant correlation between PTSD and the main variables: Depression (r = .70, p < .001), Life Events (r = .25, p < .001) and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences (r = .63, p < .001), and also that variables BDI-II (β = .51, t = 9.60, p < .001) and PDEQ (β = .34, t = 6.24, p < .001) have a significant impact at the PCL-C (R² = .58).

Conclusion

According to the results obtained and taking into account that 8.3% of train drivers present symptoms of PTSD, we consider important the existence of a reparative and preventive psychological support after the railway accident, in order to minimize the psychological impact on train drivers.
Psychoactive substance use and perception of mental health status in inmates of two Portuguese prisons
Authors: Marinho Mónica , Vitoria Paulo
Published: August 2018

Aim

To describe patterns of and associations between psychoactive substance use and perception of mental health status amongst male prisoners.

Method

Participants consisted of 60 male prisoners, with a mean age of 38.5 (SD = 11.0). A standardised interview with three sections was carried out: 1) socio-demographic variables, 2) perception of mental health status by CORE-OM, 3) evaluation of psychoactive substance use and dependence (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs).

Results

The majority of the participants reported using a named psychoactive substance during the current detention period. Substance use and addiction tended to be higher amongst the younger men and those who had achieved a higher education. A minority perceived their mental health as good. Self-reported low and mild impairment of mental health is higher in participants who achieved a higher education level and, moderate and severe impairment is higher in lower educated participants. The perceived impairment appeared to be less severe in smokers and alcohol users.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for a better understanding of the underlying causes and subsequent consequences of the high prevalence of inmate’s psychoactive substances use, as well as the better perception of mental health status in those who consume psychoactive substances.
Acquired Hemophilia in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abdel Jaber Masen , Bortolotti Roberto , Martinelli Sara , Felicetti Mara , Aloisi Teresa , Paolazzi Giuseppe
Published: August 2018

Acquired hemophilia (AH) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by the spontaneous development of autoantibodies against coagulation factors, most commonly factor (F) VIII (acquired hemophilia A, AHA). The clinical manifestation of AHA includes mostly spontaneous hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, muscles, soft tissues, or joints. AHA should be suspected when a patient with no history of hemorrhages presents with bleeding and an unexplained prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, the presence of low FVIII activity and evidence of FVIII inhibitor. In around half of patients, an underlying disorder (rheumatic diseases, malignancy, infections) or taking some drugs are associated with AHA; the remaining cases are idiopathic. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition, marked by swelling and tenderness of small joints; it is usually treated with steroid and immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate, TNF-alpha inhibitors, and other biologic therapies (abatacept, tocilizumab, rituximab).We presented a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed acquired hemophilia A with hemarthroses; starting from this case, we focused on the literature about AHA in rheumatic diseases. We found 35 cases, 15 in systemic lupus erythematosus and 12 in rheumatoid arthritis, while the remaining cases were reported in Sjögren’s syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, systemic sclerosis, and psoriatic arthritis. Ecchymosis and cutaneous hematomas were the main clinical features while hemarthroses was quite a rare condition, shown in just three patients.
Social and Economic Impact of the Colon Night Market to Small Scale Vendors
Authors: Almaden Antoniette , Veloso Julie Ann
Published: August 2018

Colon is the oldest street in the Philippines.  It used to be the center of trade and commerce decades ago. The study aimed to determine the vendor demographics and the positive and adverse effects of the city government-organized Colon Night Market Program on the night market vendors in Cebu City, Philippines. Impact Value Chain and Social Return on Investment Method Analysis were used. Two survey questionnaires were prepared: one administered to the vendors that benefited the night market program, and another set was conducted to the customers. The results were validated by in-depth interviews. The study discovered that Muslim-Filipino vendors constituted the group of vendors with the highest proportion while the homegrown Cebuanos constituted the least number. The affirmative effects of the program were identified: better income and improved quality of life for the individuals, creation of more jobs, an offering of better deals and lower price, and the building of camaraderie among vendors. There were also a few negative issues identified. It was also discovered that there is $6.44 dollars for every one dollar invested by the government. It is recommended that the program is operated year-round to achieve a higher return on investment.
Lived Experiences and Perceptions of Social Studies Teachers and School Administrators on the Out-Of-Field Teaching Phenomenon in Zamboanga City
Authors: Toring Sherwin
Published: August 2018

This study sleuthed on the wide yet less explored issue called out-of-field teaching among the public junior high schools in Zamboanga City, Philippines. It focused on the extent and experiences of teachers who are assigned to teach social studies but are not licensed in it and conversely those licensed but are assigned to teach outside the field of social studies. It also sought to discuss the perceptions of some school administrators on the factors that lead to the occurrence of the phenomenon. Data were mainly gathered using a descriptive-qualitative method, particularly through survey, interviews, and document analysis. The results revealed that 37% of the teachers assigned to teach social studies is teaching out of their field of specialization. Interviews also show a consensus in identifying under-loading of teachers, lack of resources, and the lack of coordination between the HEIs and DepEd as main factors to out-of-field teaching in the city. It also suggests that out-of-field teachers experience a certain degree of emotional and physical stress and difficulty in understanding certain contents and practical concepts. These are reflected on their instructional practices that include the reliance on textbooks and the use of survival strategies such as lectures, group reports, and video presentations. This situation can be partly attributed to and/or is further exacerbated by onerous number of subject preparations and the unavailability of adequate instructional resources.
Manifestation of Socio-Cultural Components in the Informal Oral Communication Practices of the Teaching and Non-Teaching Personnel in the Philippines: An Ethnographic Inquiry
Authors: Tagocon Ruby D. , Talili Ismael N.
Published: August 2018

Communication is immensely dynamic in the 21st century as evidenced by the fast-changing communication mechanisms. However, global trends show that oral communication skills are still considered among the most desired skills that employers are seeking in the workplace. Thus, there is a need to explore the manifestation of the socio-cultural components of the personnel, namely: behavior, attitude, and etiquette in their oral communication practices particularly the informal manner, as the components bear a significance when they engage in such form of communication interaction.  Direct observations of thirty-eight episodes of the teaching and non-teaching interactions of the personnel were noted followed by a Focus Group Discussion with seven selected personnel that validated the results of the observed manifestation of their  socio-cultural components and likewise explored other underlying factors that shaped and developed their socio-cultural components. Behavior (facial expressions) and etiquette (voice tone) components mainly dominated in their interactions, yet the attitude component is also significant to them. The manifestation of these components is situational given their respective upbringing during childhood as a major perceived aspect that established these components. A desirable manifestation of these components is encouraged when engaging in informal oral communication interactions so to become a competent communicator in the workplace.
Development and Evaluation of Nipa (Nypa Fruticans) Vinegar Powder
Authors: De Castro Jr. Mario A.
Published: August 2018

Due to emerging technologies, the improvization of products is a new trend. Spray drying is a new technology that transforms a product in liquid phase into a dry particulate powder. This study investigated the possibility of developing powder out of nipa vinegar with ideal physicochemical properties and high recovery percentage. A single process schedule design was applied in the nipa vinegar during spray drying. Three formulations of the added carrier were applied (F1- 50%, F2- 25% and F3-12.50%). The sensory characteristics of the spray-dried nipa vinegar in three formulations were analyzed and compared using organoleptic evaluation score card utilized by food experts. The pH level, total soluble solids (TSS) and solubility test of the three samples were also measured. Results showed that nipa vinegar with 12.50% of the added carrier is the preferred sample by the respondents and has the fastest solubility rate. However, it has the lowest recovery percentage. On the other hand, the nipa vinegar with 50% added carrier has the highest recovery percentage. The three samples have consistent pH value and changes were only observed in Nipa Vinegar with 50% added carrier. Further studies should be conducted to optimize the production quality of spray-dried nipa vinegar.
Influence of Language Learning Strategies to the English Proficiency Test Performance of College Students
Authors: Cawagdan – Cuarto Harieth , Rivera Emelinda
Published: August 2018

Learning of English as second and even foreign language has been stressed out in all levels of education. Thus, teachers and researchers have been focusing on describing externally observable behaviors of language learners, followed by attempts to label categorized strategic behaviors and link them to language proficiency. This descriptive correlational study aimed to describe the extent of learnersâ€™ use of the language learning strategies (LLS) and determine its relationship with the English proficiency test performance of college students (N=82). The Oxfordâ€™s Strategy Inventory Language Learning (SILL) and a standardized College English Proficiency Test were the main instruments of the study. Results showed that memory, metacognitive, cognitive, compensation, organizing and evaluation and affective learning strategies do not significantly affect studentsâ€™ English proficiency test performance; whereas social learning strategies is a strong predictor of studentsâ€™ English proficiency test performance. This research provides a basis for utilizing social learning strategies as an intervention for improving studentsâ€™ English proficiency.
Validity of Astronomical Calculation in Determining the Lunar Month
Authors: Umpa Aleem Morad
Published: August 2018

Astronomical calculations, in the view of the majority of jurists, rest on mere assumptions and are hypothetical in nature. Therefore, significant acts of worship such as the beginning and end of the month of Ramadhan cannot be determined by calculations. The study aimed to validate the astronomical calculation in determining the beginning of new lunar month in connection with Islamic acts of worship. The study utilized descriptive and qualitative research method through in-depth study of printed and internet sources. Results showed that sighting and calculations are complementary and both are needed. Calculations to negate false sighting is used, but not to completely replace sighting. Thus, if the calculations say with certainty that Hilal cannot be visible, then we should reject or negate the false sighting and reduce errors. Since astronomical calculations, especially on the birth of new Moon, are absolutely precise, the claim that a consensus exists among all the Muslim jurists regarding absolute mistrust of astronomical calculations, in all forms and ways, related to the beginning and ending of the Islamic months are unfounded, though the majority adopted that opinion because of the uncertainties connected with calculations in their times. Although calculations alone cannot be used to determine the start of the new lunar month, this does not mean that we should disregard it.
Structure of the Wnt signaling enhancer LYPD6 and its interactions with the Wnt coreceptor LRP6
Authors: Zhao Yuguang , Ren Jingshan , Lu Weixian , Harlos Karl , Jones Edith Yvonne
Published: August 2018

Ly6/urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) (LU) domain containing 6 (LYPD6) is a Wnt signaling enhancer that promotes phosphorylation of the Wnt coreceptor low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 (LRP6). It also binds the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). We report here the 1.25 Å resolution structure of the LYPD6 extracellular LU domain and map its interaction with LRP6 by mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance. The LYPD6LU structure reveals a ‘trifingered protein domain’ fold with the middle fingertip bearing an ‘NxI’ motif, a tripeptide motif associated with LRP5/6 binding by Wnt inhibitors. Of the Ly6 protein family members, only LYPD6 has an NxI motif. Since mutations in the LYPD6 NxI motif abolish or severely reduce interaction with LRP6, our results indicate its key role in the interaction of LYPD6 with LRP6.
Characterization of genetic alterations in brain metastases from non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liao Li , Ji Xiaoyu , Ge Mengxi , Zhan Qiong , Huang Ruofan , Liang Xiaohua , Zhou Xinli
Published: August 2018

Brain metastasis (BM) is the primary contributor to mortality in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although the findings of NSCLC genetic sequencing studies suggest the potential for personalizing therapeutic approaches, the genetic profiles and underlying mechanisms of BM progression remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genetic profiles of brain metastases from NSCLC in six patients with primary tumors and corresponding BM samples via whole exome sequencing and targeted panel sequencing. We have demonstrated considerable genetic heterogeneity between primary lung cancer and corresponding brain metastases specimens. High‐frequency mutations were found in NOTCH2, NOTCH2NL, FANCD2, EGFR, and TP53. Additionally, EGFR and TP53 consistently exhibited high frequencies of mutation between primary tumors and corresponding brain metastases. The implication is that most of the genetic alterations may be acquired or lost during malignant progression, and the stable EGFR and TP53 mutational status between paired primary tumors and metastatic sites confirms that most mutations detected on analysis of the primary tumor or metastases are sufficient for clinical decision‐making, and suggest there is no need to re‐biopsy recurrent tumors or metastases for most NSCLC patients.
Molecular Engineering of Host Materials for High‐Performance Phosphorescent OLEDs: Zig‐Zag Conformation with 3D Gridding Packing Mode Facilitating Charge Balance and Quench Suppression
Authors: Wang Fang , Liu Di , Li Jiuyan , Ma Mengyao
Published: August 2018

A group of bipyridine/carbazole hybrid compounds, namely m‐BPyDCz, p‐BPyDCz, m‐BPySCz, and p‐BPySCz, are designed and developed as host materials for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). By tuning the p/n molar ratio and para‐/meta‐ substitution style, scorpion‐, Y‐, Z‐, and L‐shape molecular conformations are generated. In virtue of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π–π interaction, these compounds form different molecular packing patterns in their single crystals. Particularly the Z‐shaped m‐BPySCz achieves 3D gridding packing with regular and ordered carbazole and pyridine columns as carrier hoping channels and larger intermolecular distance, which not only guarantees charge balance but also suppresses exciton quenching. Consequently the m‐BPySCz hosted sky‐blue and green PhOLEDs exhibit high external quantum efficiencies of 27.3% and 28.0% and low efficiency roll‐offs of 8.1% (at brightness of 1000 cd m−2 for blue) and 14.3% (at 10000 cd m−2 for green), all superior to other analogs and many reported host materials. The excellent performance of m‐BPySCz versus its lowest molecular weight and lowest amorphous stability manifests that the molecular packing style of host material dominates to determine the overall performance of PhOLEDs and the 3D gridding packing mode of zig‐zag conformation may be one ideal strategy to eliminate efficiency roll‐off in PhOLEDs.
Human Pulse Diagnosis for Medical Assessments Using a Wearable Piezoelectret Sensing System
Authors: Chu Yao , Zhong Junwen , Liu Huiliang , Ma Yuan , Liu Nathaniel , Song Yu , Liang Jiaming , Shao Zhichun , Sun Yu , Dong Ying , Wang Xiaohao , Lin Liwei
Published: August 2018

Real‐time and continuous monitoring of physiological signals is essential for mobile health, which is becoming a popular tool for efficient and convenient medical services. Here, an active pulse sensing system that can detect the weak vibration patterns of the human radial artery is constructed with a sandwich‐structure piezoelectret that has high equivalent piezoelectricity. The high precision and stability of the system result in possible medical assessment applications, including the capability to identify common heart problems (such as arrhythmia); the feasibility to conduct pulse palpation measurements similar to well‐trained doctors in Traditional Chinese Medicine; and the possibility to measure and read blood pressure.
Capillarity‐Assistant Assembly: A Fast Preparation of 3D Pomegranate‐Like Ag Nanoparticle Clusters on CuO Nanowires and Its Applications in SERS
Authors: Yu Jing , Yang Maosen , Zhang Chao , Yang Siyu , Sun Qianqian , Liu Mei , Peng Qianqian , Xu Xiaoliang , Man Baoyuan , Lei Fengcai
Published: August 2018

A 3D pomegranate‐like “Ag nanoparticle clusters/CuO nanowires” heterostructure is designed and prepared by a fast two‐step method with assistance of capillarity in this paper. Owing to the abundant “hot spots” generated in the gaps of Ag nanoparticle clusters and the improved electromagnetic mechanism caused by the charge transfer effect between Ag/CuO interface, this heterostructure shows outstanding Raman performance with the enhancement factor as high as 3.30 × 109. Both the formation process and the Raman enhancement mechanism of this heterostructure are meticulously analyzed, and the finite‐different time‐domain and first‐principles simulations are also introduced here to further verify some conjectures. Moreover, this heterostructure shows a certain level of crock resistance, which endows the base a well durability. This paper provides a fast and dexterous way in preparing low‐cost and high‐sensitivity surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active substrate, which will show promising applications in chemical or biological detection.
A longitudinal approach to biological psychiatric research: The PsyCourse study
Authors: Budde Monika , Anderson‐Schmidt Heike , Gade Katrin , Reich‐Erkelenz Daniela , Adorjan Kristina , Kalman Janos L. , Senner Fanny , Papiol Sergi , Andlauer Till F. M. , Comes Ashley L. , Schulte Eva C. , Klöhn‐Saghatolislam Farah , Gryaznova Anna , Hake Maria , Bartholdi Kim , Flatau Laura , Reitt Markus , Quast Silke , Stegmaier Sophia , Meyers Milena , Emons Barbara , Haußleiter Ida Sybille , Juckel Georg , Nieratschker Vanessa , Dannlowski Udo , Schaupp Sabrina K. , Schmauß Max , Zimmermann Jörg , Reimer Jens , Schulz Sybille , Wiltfang Jens , Reininghaus Eva , Anghelescu Ion‐George , Arolt Volker , Baune Bernhard T. , Konrad Carsten , Thiel Andreas , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Figge Christian , von Hagen Martin , Koller Manfred , Lang Fabian U. , Wigand Moritz E. , Becker Thomas , Jäger Markus , Dietrich Detlef E. , Stierl Sebastian , Scherk Harald , Spitzer Carsten , Folkerts Here , Witt Stephanie H. , Degenhardt Franziska , Forstner Andreas J. , Rietschel Marcella , Nöthen Markus M. , Falkai Peter , Schulze Thomas G. , Heilbronner Urs
Published: August 2018

In current diagnostic systems, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are still conceptualized as distinct categorical entities. Recently, both clinical and genomic evidence have challenged this Kraepelinian dichotomy. There are only few longitudinal studies addressing potential overlaps between these conditions. Here, we present design and first results of the PsyCourse study (N = 891 individuals at baseline), an ongoing transdiagnostic study of the affective‐to‐psychotic continuum that combines longitudinal deep phenotyping and dimensional assessment of psychopathology with an extensive collection of biomaterial. To provide an initial characterization of the PsyCourse study sample, we compare two broad diagnostic groups defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) classification system, that is, predominantly affective (n = 367 individuals) versus predominantly psychotic disorders (n = 524 individuals). Depressive, manic, and psychotic symptoms as well as global functioning over time were contrasted using linear mixed models. Furthermore, we explored the effects of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia on diagnostic group membership and addressed their effects on nonparticipation in follow‐up visits. While phenotypic results confirmed expected differences in current psychotic symptoms and global functioning, both manic and depressive symptoms did not vary between both groups after correction for multiple testing. Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia significantly explained part of the variability of diagnostic group. The PsyCourse study presents a unique resource to research the complex relationships of psychopathology and biology in severe mental disorders not confined to traditional diagnostic boundaries and is open for collaborations.
Variation at the TRIM11 locus modifies progressive supranuclear palsy phenotype
Authors: Jabbari Edwin , Woodside John , Tan Manuela M. X. , Shoai Maryam , Pittman Alan , Ferrari Raffaele , Mok Kin Y. , Zhang David , Reynolds Regina H. , de Silva Rohan , Grimm Max‐Joseph , Respondek Gesine , Müller Ulrich , Al‐Sarraj Safa , Gentleman Stephen M. , Lees Andrew J. , Warner Thomas T. , Hardy John , Revesz Tamas , Höglinger Günter U. , Holton Janice L. , Ryten Mina , Morris Huw R.
Published: August 2018

Objective

The basis for clinical variation related to underlying progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) pathology is unknown. We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic determinants of PSP phenotype.

Methods

Two independent pathological and clinically diagnosed PSP cohorts were genotyped and phenotyped to create Richardson syndrome (RS) and non‐RS groups. We carried out separate logistic regression GWASs to compare RS and non‐RS groups and then combined datasets to carry out a whole cohort analysis (RS = 367, non‐RS = 130). We validated our findings in a third cohort by referring to data from 100 deeply phenotyped cases from a recent GWAS. We assessed the expression/coexpression patterns of our identified genes and used our data to carry out gene‐based association testing.

Results

Our lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs564309, showed an association signal in both cohorts, reaching genome‐wide significance in our whole cohort analysis (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval = 3.2–10.0, p = 1.7 × 10−9). rs564309 is an intronic variant of the tripartite motif‐containing protein 11 (TRIM11) gene, a component of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). In our third cohort, minor allele frequencies of surrogate SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with rs564309 replicated our findings. Gene‐based association testing confirmed an association signal at TRIM11. We found that TRIM11 is predominantly expressed neuronally, in the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Interpretation

Our study suggests that the TRIM11 locus is a genetic modifier of PSP phenotype and potentially adds further evidence for the UPS having a key role in tau pathology, therefore representing a target for disease‐modifying therapies. Ann Neurol 2018;84:485–496
Enantioselective Construction of Silicon‐Stereogenic Silanes by Scandium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Zhan Gu , Teng Huai‐Long , Luo Yong , Lou Shao‐Jie , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin
Published: August 2018

The catalytic asymmetric construction of silicon‐stereogenic silanes is of great interest and significance, but has met with only limited success to date. We herein report the enantioselective hydrosilylation of alkenes with dihydrosilanes by a chiral half‐sandwich scandium catalyst, which constitutes an efficient and general route for the synthesis of a wide range of enantioenriched silicon‐stereogenic silanes from easily accessible starting materials. This reaction features a broad substrate scope, high yields, and high enantioselectivity. Some of the chiral tertiary silane products were also converted into valuable derivatives, such as chiral silanol, quaternary silane, and benzosilole compounds.
Patient Care During Minimally Invasive Lateral Spine Surgery
Authors: Dufault Caroline A.
Published: August 2018

Perioperative nurses care for patients undergoing a wide range of surgical procedures. One fast‐growing surgical specialty is spine surgery performed using minimally invasive techniques. Patients may be candidates for minimally invasive spine surgery based on their presenting signs and symptoms and medical imaging test results. Open anterior and posterior surgical approaches to spine surgery are how surgeons traditionally have performed these procedures. However, new technology has enabled a minimally invasive lateral approach to the spine. This approach minimizes many of the risks and challenges associated with both the anterior and posterior approaches. Minimally invasive lateral interbody fusion requires the perioperative nurse to have a thorough understanding of the necessary patient positioning, spinal anatomy, and OR suite setup to ensure a safe and successful surgical experience for the patient.
Inactivating NADH:quinone oxidoreductases affects the growth and metabolism of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Bao Wenjing , Wei Renquan , Fu Shuilin , Gong Heng
Published: August 2018

NADH:quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs) act as the electron entry sites in bacterial respiration and oxidize intracellular NADH that is essential for the synthesis of numerous molecules. Klebsiella pneumoniae contains three NQOs (NDH‐1, NDH‐2, and NQR). The effects of inactivating these NQOs, separately and together, on cell metabolism were investigated under different culture conditions. Defective growth was evident in NDH‐1‐NDH‐2 double and NDH‐1‐NDH‐2‐NQR triple deficient mutants, which was probably due to damage to the respiratory chain. The results also showed that K. pneumoniae can flexibly use NQOs to maintain normal growth in single NQO‐deficient mutants. And more interestingly, under aerobic conditions, inactivating NDH‐1 resulted in a high intracellular NADH:NAD+ ratio, which was proven to be beneficial for 2,3‐butanediol production. Compared with the parent strain, 2,3‐butanediol production by the NDH‐1‐deficient mutant was increased by 46% and 62% in glycerol‐ and glucose‐based media, respectively. Thus, our findings provide a practical strategy for metabolic engineering of respiratory chains to promote the biosynthesis of 2,3‐butanediol in K. pneumoniae.