bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE: MUSCLE OVERACTIVITY VERSUS DEFICIENT PAIN CONTROLS
Authors: Mattoo Bhawna , Tanwar Suman , Bhatia Rohit , Tripathi Manjari , Bhatia Renu
Published: August 2018

Objective: The oscillating school of thought between the peripheral and central mechanisms of pain origin hinders the selection of appropriate therapy for chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). The aim of this study was to assess the role of central and peripheral pain mechanisms together in CTTH.Methods: In the present study, we compared surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitudes and nociceptive flexion thresholds in patients diagnosed with CTTH (n=30) with age-matched healthy controls (n=30). For central pain modulation with spinal and supraspinal influences on nociception, we recorded nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) by stimulating the sural nerve and observing the biceps femoris muscle response. sEMG was done for the temporalis and trapezius muscles at rest, during mental activity and during maximum voluntary contraction to assess contribution from peripheral pain.Results: We observed a decreased NFR threshold in CTTH patients as compared to healthy controls, suggesting a hyperalgesic state due to central factors. Electromyographic activity of trapezius muscle was increased at rest in CTTH while both temporalis and trapezius showed an overactivity in patients during mental task.Conclusion: Central factors are important in the pathogenesis of CTTH while, peripheral factors, such as stress-related muscle spasm may also contribute to pain state.
PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFUSION PLASMABLASTIC LYMPHOMA IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT: A RARE PHENOMENON
Authors: Singh Brij Mohan , Belurkar Sushma , Bishnu Arijit , Shetty Tanvi , P Pavithra
Published: August 2018

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive neoplasm with a high rate of fatality. PEL cells are known to have morphological diversities, which range from immunoblastic or plasmablastic to anaplastic. Most of these cases are described in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent patients. Plasmablastic lymphoma remains a diagnostic challenge, especially when encountered with the presentation as PEL. In spite of therapeutic advances, PEL remains an aggressive disease with a high rate of fatality. We describe one case of this extremely rare neoplasm in an immunocompromised patient presenting in the form of primary central nervous system effusion plasmablastic lymphoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case ever been reported in the literature.
ROLE OF APELIN/MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1, INFLAMMATORY, APOPTOTIC MARKERS IN THE REGULATION OF PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Youness Eman R , Aly Hanan Farouk , Nemr M El
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate blood nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), apelin, Lipid peroxide product ; thiobarbituric acid (TBA) malonaldehyde (MDA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), and paraoxonase (PON1) levels in patients with non -alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a trail to correlate the significance of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and initiation of NAFLD patients.Methods: A total of 32 patients with NAFLD and 45 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Apelin levels were measured along with, NF-κB, MCP1, MDA, Bcl2, and PON1 were detected.Results: Significant increase in serum NF-κB, MDA, MCP1, and apelin levels in NAFLD patients with percentages increase 1031.23, 293.02, 165.93, and 120 %, respectively, while significant reduction in PON1 and BCl2 with percentages decrease 54.58 and 79.03 %, respectively, were detected as compared to controls. A significant correlation was found between serum concentration of the measured biomarkers with the incidence of NAFLD.Conclusions: It could be concluded that the patients with NAFLD have significantly increased circulating apelin, NF-κB, and MDA levels as compared to healthy control subjects while significant reduction in BCl2 and PON1 levels were recorded. Besides, the NAFLD status is tightly attributed to the existence of insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
OPTIMIZATION, ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM STREPTOMYCES LAVENDULOCOLOR VHB-9
Authors: Bssn Hima Bindu , Munaganti Rajesh Kumar , Muvva Vijayalakshmi , Naragani Krishna , Indupalli Mani Deepa
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Optimization, isolation, and characterization of bioactive compounds from Streptomyces lavendulocolor VHB-9 isolated from granite mines of Mudigonda village of Khammam district of Telangana state.Methods: The potent strain was identified as S. lavendulocolor VHB-9 by polyphasic taxonomy. The influence of culture conditions on growth and bioactive compounds production was investigated. Purification of bioactive compounds was done using column chromatography. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including Fourier transform infrared, electron spray ionization mass spectrophotometry,1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and13C NMR. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds produced by the strain was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration.Results: Isolation and identification of two compounds, namely (2R, 3R)-2, 3-Butanediol (B1A), and nonadecanoic acid (B1B). Fraction B4 was isolated partially purified fraction and identified by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. B1B compound exhibited the highest activity against Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans when compared to B1A and B4 compounds.
A REVIEW ON POTENTIAL USES OF CULINARY VEGETABLES USED IN ROUTINE LIFE AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT
Authors: B Lavanya , V Jayashree , S Jeevaraj
Published: August 2018

Cancer is a disease which leads to death, and chemotherapy is a treatment used to treat cancer. Lung cancer and breast cancer are most effective one in the world. The present study examines the anticancer property of culinary vegetables such as Allium vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and beetroot which are used in day-to-day life have anticancer properties. Allicin and gallic acid in garlic decreases the risk of colon, pancreas, stomach, esophagus, and breast cancers. In onion, cysteine sulfoxide is sulfur compounds which have ant-cancer, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic property. In broccoli, glucosinolates and sulfur compounds play a major role in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Betacyanin is a compound present in beetroot which has antioxidant property and anticancer activity.
ISOLATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES TESTS FROM HEXANE EXTRACT OF STEM BARK MELOCHIA UMBELLATA (HOUTT) STAPF VAR. DEGRABRATA K
Authors: Usman Usman , M Muh Amir , Soekamto Nunuk Hariani , Ahmad Ahyar , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
Published: August 2018

Objectives: This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and antibacterial activity of stem bark extract Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata.Methods: M. umbellata stem bark was extracted by maceration using methanol solvent. Separation and purification were done by partitioning, fractionation with chromatography, and recrystallization. Antibacterial activity test of hexane extract and third isolate from the bark of M. umbellata was done by agar diffusion method against bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results: Phytochemical test showed that the hexane extracts of bark M. umbellata containing alkaloids and triterpenoids. Isolate D is a triterpenoid group compound, while FKa and FKb are steroid group compound. The hexane extract had the highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone diameter 12.0 mm. Isolate D has a weak inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. The highest diameters inhibition zone of isolated FKa compound against B. subtilis and S. aureus bacteria was 18.0 mm and 13.0 mm, respectively, whereas, the highest diameter inhibition of zone FKb compound against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone was 12.0 mm.Conclusion: The FKa compound from the bark of M. umbellata has the potential to be antibacterial because the compound is able to inhibit bacterial growth with ˃14 mm obstacle zone, especially against B. subtilis bacteria.
EFFECT OF NON-SURGICAL THERAPY ON SALIVARY NITRIC OXIDE AND LIPID PEROXIDATION LEVELS IN TYPE II DIABETIC AND NON DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE
Authors: Latha Neena , Uppoor Ashita , Nayak Sangeeta Umesh , Naik Dilip G
Published: August 2018

Objective: Reactive oxygen species have been identified as potential factors causing periodontal tissue destruction. Elevated levels of these in patients with chronic periodontitis and diabetes may aggravate the oxidative stress burden thereby accelerating the tissue damage associated with diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of diabetes and periodontal disease on the oxidative stress markers and the effect of non-surgical therapy on these markers.Methods: A total of 50 participants were divided into four groups based on the selection criteria. In addition to clinical parameters and biochemical parameters (salivary nitric oxide [NO] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels) were assessed using spectrophotometric method at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy.Result: There was a statistically significant difference in the clinical parameters as well as NO and MDA levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis than other three groups at baseline and at 3 months after non- surgical periodontal therapy.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis have a compounding effect on the oxidative stress. Periodontal therapy is essential for diabetic patients as it can lower the levels of oxidative damage.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL IN SITU GEL OF LAFUTIDINE FOR GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: M Sindhoor S , Priya Sneh , Maxwell Amala
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the novel in situ gel of lafutidine for gastroretentive drug deliveryMethods: A gastroretentive in situ gel of lafutidine was formulated by pH-triggered ionic gelation method using different concentrations of gelling polymer such as sodium alginate, gellan gum, and xanthum gum. Prepared formulations were evaluated for viscosity, density, buoyancy lag time and buoyancy duration, and drug content. In vitro drug release studies of all formulations were also performed. In vivo fluorescence imaging study was conducted for optimized formulation and compared with control.Results: The concentration of gelling agents and release retardant polymers significantly affected viscosity, floating behavior, and in vitro drug release of the formulations. The pH and drug content were found in the range of 6.72–7.20 and 88.74–95.33%, respectively. Floating lag time was <2 min; duration of floating was more than 12 h. Minimum and maximum in vitro drug release were found to be for formulation F9 (51.74%) and F1 (82.76%), respectively, at the end of 12 h. The drug was released from the all the formulations in a sustained manner. In vivo studies confirmed the gastroretention of the formulation in mice stomach for 8 h. Stability studies indicated that the there was no significant change in the visual appearance, floating behavior, and drug content.Conclusion: The gastroretentive in situ gel system, prolonged the gastric residence time, thereby targeting site-specific drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OROMUCOSAL WAFER OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Wadetwar Rita N , Charde Tejaswini
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of the present work was the preparation of fast-dissolving film of tramadol HCl (TMH) using water-soluble polymer, to achieve faster onset of action, to improve patient compliance, ease of dosing, and bypass the first-pass metabolism. Methods: TMH oromucosal wafers were prepared using pullulan as natural, biodegradable polymer, and propylene glycol as plasticizer by solvent casting method. Formulation batches were prepared using 32 full-factorial designs. The prepared TMH oromucosal wafers were characterized for morphology, uniformity of weight, drug content, folding endurance, in vitro disintegration time (DT), % moisture content, surface pH, in vitro % drug release, ex vivo permeation studies, compatibility studies (differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction), and stability studies.Results: Optimized batch of mouth-dissolving film of TMH containing pullulan as polymer showed 98.67±0.11% drug release at 6 min. It showed better folding endurance 88 No. of folds, in vitro DT 5.11 s, surface pH 6.84±0.12 pH, thickness 0.17±0.11 mm, and percentage content uniformity 98.45±0.48%. Stability studies carried out for the best formulation FDF5 revealed that the formulation was stable.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly indicated a promising potential of fast-dissolving oral films using natural biodegradable polymer, pullulan which gave rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action of centrally acting drug, TMH for patients suffering from pain.
α-AMYLASE INHIBITION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF SOME OXOVANADIUM (IV) COMPLEXES OF L-AMINO ACIDS
Authors: Mishra Mahendra Kumar , Tripathi Ruchita , Kb Pandeya , Ip Tripathi
Published: August 2018

Objective: Diabetes is complex metabolic disease having a symptom of hyperglycemia. Oxovanadium (IV) and l-amino acids are used to normalize the hyperglycemic condition. The aim of this study was to screen the α-amylase inhibitory activity of l-amino acids, their oxovanadium (IV) complexes, and electrochemical activity of oxovanadium (IV) complexes.Methods: All the oxovanadium (IV) complexes were synthesized according to the solubility of l-amino acids; the molar ratio of metal to l-amino acid was 1:2. The synthesized oxovanadium (IV) complexes were examined for their electrochemical behavior in 0.01 M sodium perchlorate solution. Further, the oxovanadium (IV) complexes of l-amino acids and l-amino acids were screened for their α-amylase inhibitory activity using spectrophotometric assay system.Results: The synthesized complexes were divided into four groups according to nature of amino acids. Entire complexes show simple irreversible wave for VO redox couples in −900–50 mV potential range and scan rate was 300 mV/S. All the complexes and l-amino acids were screened for their α-amylase inhibitory activity. L-Histidine and their oxovanadium (IV) complex show the minimum IC50 value, i.e. 4199.05 μM and 101.015 μM, respectively, in their respective groups.Conclusion: The data obtained from our study, it reveals that the entire oxovanadium (IV) complexes are an irreversible wave for VO redox system and the l-histidine and its oxovanadium (IV) complex is the most potent inhibitor for the α-amylase. Further, the complexes show minimum IC50 value on comparing their respective ligands due to the interaction of Vanadyl complex to the enzyme, at the sixth vacant position of Vanadyl complex.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLET OF METOPROLOL SUCCINATE FOR INCREASED BIOAVAILABILITY VIA IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: Fatema Kauser , Shahi Sadhana
Published: August 2018

Objective: This study was performed to formulate a floating tablet using hydrophobic glyceryl behenate (GB) and hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymers, optimization of the same for retention in stomach and sustained drug delivery over a period of 20 h from upper gastrointestinal tract so as to increase its oral bioavailability.Methods: Granules of GB with the metoprolol succinate (MS) was formulated and compressed with the other ingredients to formulate a floating tablet. Physiochemical parameters of an optimized formulation along with its in vitro buoyancy study, dissolution study, in vivo studies in rabbit, and stability studies were performed.Results: Differential scanning calorimetry data show no interaction between polymers and the drug MS. A 32 factorial design was applied for optimization purpose, and from ANOVA and surface response plot the best formulation (F3) was obtained. In vitro dissolution study shows sustained drug release for 20 h for all the formulations and in vivo studies using rabbit model show increased bioavailability of an optimized formulation F3 as compared to the marketed sustained release formulation of MS (25 mg). Stability study shows no comparable differences in physical parameters and the drug release of initial formulation and the one which is kept for accelerated stability testing.Conclusion: Hence, we can conclude that a floating tablet containing a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers can be used for gastric retention for more than 20 h which will increase the oral bioavailability of MS.
EFFECT OF TIROFIBAN ON THE OUTCOME DURING HOSPITALIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: K Thamayanthi , Ranganathan Arun , K Vasanthira
Published: August 2018

Objective: The present study was intended to know the effect of tirofiban on the prognostic outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during their stay in the hospital.Methods: Registers and case sheets of patients admitted for ACS during May 2014–April 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The duration of stay in hospital/Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the outcomes were recorded in patients who received tirofiban. ACS patients who did not receive tirofiban served as control. During the study period, there were 720 patients with ACS, and among them, 216 did not receive tirofiban and 504 patients received tirofiban.Results: ICU stay (days, mean±standard deviation [SD]) for tirofiban group was longer (2.5±0.5) when compared to the controls (1.5±0.5). However, this was not statistically significant. The duration of hospitalization (days, mean±SD) was not significantly different in both groups (6±0.81 vs. 6±0.82). None of the patients developed reinfarction or persistent pain during their stay in the hospital. There were no major adverse events with tirofiban.Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that tirofiban does not affect the outcome during hospitalization in patients with ACS.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS FROM SAMBUNG RAMBAT (MICANIA CORDATA) LEAF
Authors: Harnis Zola Efa , Sitorus Panal , Rosidah Rosidah
Published: August 2018

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of various fractions from Sambung Rambat leaf (Micania cordata) using ethyl acetate, hexane, and water solvent as the solvent.Methods: Investigation of phytochemical compound was using standard phytochemical screening method, while the anti-inflammatory was using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method in animal (rats) model.Results: The phytochemical screening showed that the fractions of M. cordata had a lot of phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Anti-inflammatory assessment showed that the strongest activity of anti-inflammatory produced by ethyl acetate fraction with 200 mg/kg BW dose.Conclusion: This investigation could be concluded that ethyl acetate fraction of M. cordata might be a potential for the treatment of inflammatory.
FORMULATION, IN VITRO AND EX VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL TABLETS FOR ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG
Authors: Peddapalli Himabindu , Bakshi Vasudha , Boggula Narender
Published: August 2018

Objective: Olmesartan belongs to a class of angiotensin II receptor blockers. It is used in the treatment of hypertension. However, it undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, resulting in low oral bioavailability is about 26%. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the mucoadhesive buccal tablets of olmesartan with a goal to increase the bioavailability and improve the patient compliance.Methods: Mucoadhesive buccal tablets were prepared by a direct compression technique using mucoadhesive polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), and Carbopol 934P. The tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, surface pH, swelling index, drug content uniformity, in vitro drug release, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength, ex vivo mucoadhesive time, and ex vivo permeation studies. The release kinetics was calculated to determine the drug release mechanism. Results: The physicochemical properties of all the formulations were shown to be within the limits. The optimized buccal tablets F2, F7, and F11 showed satisfactory drug release rates with the diffusion controlled mechanism. Optimized buccal tablets developed for olmesartan possess reasonable mucoadhesive strength, mucoadhesive time, and surface pH was in an acceptable salivary pH 6.76±0.28–6.89±0.34. The ex vivo permeation studies for optimized tablets were shown satisfactory drug permeation and could meet the target flux 0.991 mg h−1cm−2.Conclusion: The obtained results could be used as a platform to develop the buccal delivery of this drug, which bypasses the first-pass metabolism and results in the improvement of bioavailability. Hence, the present study concludes that the olmesartan could be delivered through the buccal route.
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-HEPATITIS C VIRUS COINFECTION: A REVIEW ON NECESSITY OF DIETARY COMPOUNDS FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: Selvaraj Suganya , Piramanayagam Shanmughavel
Published: August 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is a major health problem around worldwide. One-third of the HIV-infected patients suffer from chronic hepatitis (HCV). The risk factors of coinfected patients are very high while compared to the monoinfected patients; they are having higher HCV viral load is associated with a severe liver damage. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically increases the survival of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients by preventing the depletion of CD4 cell counts and delaying the progression of fibrosis which reduces the complications related to end-stage liver damage. Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors are very commonly used drugs for the treatment of coinfection. Combination drugs and synthetic drugs are playing a pivotal role in the coinfection therapy. Under HAART, the coinfected patients are affected by many adverse effects such as mitochondrial toxicity, hypersensitivity, and lipodystrophy syndrome. However, the adverse effects of most herbal drugs are relatively less frequent when the drugs are used properly compared with synthetic drugs; it may help to protect the patients from severe adverse effects. This review collates to the importance of plant-derived drugs for the treatment of HIV-HCV coinfection.
DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL IMIDAZO[1,2-A]PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Budumuru Pushpalatha , Golagani Srinivasarao , Kantamreddi Venkata Siva Satyanaryana
Published: August 2018

Objective: The present study aims to synthesize a novel derivatives of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity.Methods: A series of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, Fourier transform infrared, mass spectral analysis, and screened for their antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. Molecular docking studies were performed with a bacterial beta subunit of DNA gyrase using Auto Dock 4.2.6, and the docked conformations were analyzed using visual molecular dynamics.Results: The structural activity relationship of the synthesized imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives was studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among the synthesized compounds N-benzyl-4-((2-(6-methyl-2-(p-tolyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl) acetamido)methyl) benzamide (9a) are possessing high activity against Bacillus subtilis. The zone of inhibition produced by the compound 9a is wider than that of remaining compounds used in this study.Conclusion: The synthesized compounds exhibited good antibacterial activity in comparison with standard drug streptomycin. This suggests that the compound 9a and its analogs are exerting their activity by probably inhibiting bacterial beta subunit of DNA gyrase.
EFFECT OF URANIUM NITRICUM IN LM POTENCIES ON REDUCTION IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AMONG PATIENT WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ansari Anwar Amir , Dole Sanjeev M , Patil Anita , Jadhav Arun
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The present study was carried to determine the reduction in cardiovascular (CV) risk among the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after treatment with homeopathic uranium nitricum in LM potencies on the top of unstable background antidiabetic and lipid-modifying therapy.Methods: This study was open-label, placebo-controlled, parallel arm phase 3 study, stratified according to glycated hemoglobin values (<7.0, >7.0). Male and female patients with T2DM (>18 years old) were included in this study from Bharati Vidyapeeth Homeopathic Hospital, Pune. The CV risk was assessed through the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) search engine. This study was conducted during October 2014– December 2015.Results: Female prevalence was more (52.94%) than male (47.05%) in the current study. The average body mass index of the population was 26.98 (24.9, 29.1). The significant CV risk reduction (p<0.05) after treatment with uranium nitricum in LM potencies was observed for non-fatal and fatal coronary heart disease p< among the patients with patients with T2DM.Conclusion: The homeopathic formulation of uranium nitricum in LM potencies significantly reduces the CV risk when assessed through UKPDS search engine in the patients with T2DM on the background of unstable antidiabetic therapy and LMT.
SELECTIVE ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA FERMENTED JUICES
Authors: Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Akazawa Hiroyuki , Jantrawut Pensak
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity and toxicity of fermented juices from six Thai plants, Garcinia mangostana Linn., Tinospora crispa Linn., Litchi chinensis Sonn., Dimocarpus longan Lour., Curcuma xanthorrhiza (CX) Roxb., and Averrhoa bilimbi Linn., in normal cells as compared with common commercial fermented juices.Methods: The plants were fermented for 3 months, and their biological activities including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging, metal chelating, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and tyrosinase inhibition activities were subsequently evaluated. Furthermore, their in vitro anticancer activities in human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), cervical cancer (HeLa), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and murine melanoma (B16F10) cell lines and their toxicities in normal human skin fibroblasts were assessed.Results: The fermented juice of CX showed a higher antioxidant activity than those of the other plants, with an SC50 (DPPH scavenging) value of 0.011 mg/mL, an IPC50 (lipid peroxidation inhibition) of 0.027 mg/mL, an MC50 (metal chelating) value of 0.170 mg/mL, and an IC50 (tyrosinase inhibition) of 0.027 mg/mL. Moreover, the fermented juice of CX displayed selective toxicity in cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2, and B16F10), with a significantly lower toxicity in normal human skin fibroblasts as compared with an expensive commercial fermented juice product.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the fermented juice of CX can be developed as a functional food supplement with antioxidant properties or as an anticancer product with low toxicity to normal human skin fibroblasts.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NANOEMULSION AS A CARRIER FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY SYSTEM BY BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: Chaudhari Pallavi M , Kuchekar Madhavi A
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulsion for topical delivery. Methods: Topical nanoemulsion was prepared by homogenization method. Box-behnken design was utilized to study the effect of oil, surfactant and Co-surfactant, on droplet size, entrapment efficiency and drug release. Nabumetone a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was incorporated in castor oil with Tween 80 and Polyethylene glycol 600 to form the nanoemulsion by homogenization method. The nanoemulsion was further subjected to different evaluation parameters and ex-vivo study. The crystalline nature of drug was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction studies. Drug-excipient compatibility was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Results: The average globule size of nabumetone-containing nanoemulsion decreased with decrease in concentration of oil and surfactant. Nanoemulsion was evaluated by pH, rheology, globule size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, DSC, FTIR spectroscopy, and stability. In vitro drug release shows maximum 84.35% permeation rate through cellophane membrane and ex-vivo drug release shows 86.32% permeation rate through goat skin. Conclusion: Thus, the nanoemulsion formulated showed good results regarding topical delivery.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METFORMIN LOADED STEARIC ACID COUPLED F127 NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Kamboj Vipan Kumar , Verma Prabhakar Kumar
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate metformin nanoparticles (MN) using stearic acid-coupled F127 (SAF127) copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol by emulsion solvent evaporation technique.Method: Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class III. The prepared MN was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug entrapment, percentage yield, in vitro drug release, and stability studies. The compatibility studies were performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallographic and surface properties were studied by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.Results: The mean particle diameter of prepared nanoparticles ranged from 207.8 to 977.64 nm, PDI value ranged from 0.146 to 0.694, and zeta potential ranged from −20.5 to −6.97 mV. The drug entrapment efficiency of these nanoparticles varies between 18.81 to 69.01 %. The drug to SAF127 copolymer (10/30 w/w) ratio (MN3) showed optimum results. The MN3 had spherical morphology with semi-amorphous nature. The results of FTIR and DSC analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between drug and excipients. The prepared polymeric nanoparticles were stable at 5±3°C up to 3 months. In vitro release of drug from MN3 was 20.52% in the first 1 h and remaining drug was released up to 30 h.Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the sustained drug release profile of metformin loaded SAF127 copolymer nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be best stored up to 3 months.
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF PIPERIDINE CONTAINING COMPOUNDS-A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: K Manjusha R , Begum Shaheen , Begum Arifa , K Bharathi
Published: August 2018

Piperidine is a saturated heterocyclic ring, considered as a privileged scaffold in view of its role in wide range of biological activities. Piperidine is good candidate molecule for obtaining potent antioxidant agents. The planar nature of this heterocyclic nucleus allows the introduction of substituent groups at different positions on the ring. In the present review, the antioxidant profile of piperidine containing compounds has been focused. The compounds were classified into naturally occurring piperidines, unsaturated piperidines, N-substituted piperidines, piperamides, piperanols, piperidine oximes, and hydrazides.
IMPACT OF RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARYTESTICULAR AXIS IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: Jayamurali Dheepthi , Govindarajulu Sathya Narayanan
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the impact of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (SD) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis in the Wistar albino rats.Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing about 200 g were segregated into Group I–IV of control, 48 h SD, 72 h SD, and 96 h SD, respectively, in a custom-made SD tank. After SD procedure, the sexual behavior of rats was assessed, after which blood was collected from the animals for the estimation of HPT and stress hormones and then the testicles were used for histological studies.Results: SD has increased (p<0.05) the mounting latency and intromission latency and decreased (p<0.05) the mounting frequency and intromission frequency compared with control group. A significant increase (p<0.05) in corticosterone, follicle stimulating hormone levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels were observed in all the SD groups when compared with control group. SD-induced testis architecture displayed sperm retention, sperm reduction, and shape alteration when compared to the control group. Furthermore, apoptotic bodies were observed in the testis of 72 h and 96 h of sleep-deprived animals.Conclusion: Outcome of the project reveals that out of 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h of SD, 96 h of SD has a great impact on sexual behavior, HPT hormones, and testicular morphology.
DEVELOPMENT OF POLYHERBAL WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Deepak Jain , Anurekha Jain
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a polyherbal formulation (PHF) using four different herbs and to evaluate their phytochemicals, physical constants, and determination of their antioxidant activity by DPPH method.Methods: The PHF authenticated herbs were characterized by studying its morphological and pharmacognostic characters. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acid, tannin, steroids, and flavonoids in the combination extract. Physical parameters such as loss on drying (LOD), pH, ash values, LOD, and extractive value have been studied. The antioxidant activity of the combination of extract (100 mg each) was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging method.Results: The results showed that the combination extract has best antioxidant effect at a dose of 400 μg/ml when it was compared with ascorbic acid as the reference standard.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly showed that the combination extract has best antioxidant effect at a dose of 400 μg/ ml when it was compared with ascorbic acid as the reference standard.
O Método de Estudo de Caso de Harvard mediado pela Sala de Aula Invertida na mobilização de conhecimentos no ensino-aprendizado de Química
Authors: Pereira da Silva Rufino de Freitas Ladjane , Fernandes Campos Angela
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho realizou uma apresentação, pela aplicação de um Minicurso, do método de estudo de casos de Harvard como promotor de uma aprendizagem ativa pela aplicação e análise de casos baseados em eventos reais a futuros professores química e outros graduandos da UFCG. Também investigou a viabilidade de utilização dos mapas conceituais e do Facebook como ferramentas de apoio didático ao ensino por meio de casos, mediado pela sala de aula invertida. A temática abordada no caso, estruturado para este estudo, se relacionou ao contexto regional dos próprios discentes. Tanto os Mapas Conceituais como o Facebook apresentaram resultados condizentes com o esperado de suas aplicações.
Racionalismo y retórica en Filodemo de Gadara
Authors: Braicovich Rodrigo
Published: August 2018

En este artículo analizaré algunos aspectos específicos de la obra de Filodemo de Gadara desde la perspectiva de la dimensión retórica del discurso filosófico con el fin de mostrar que el empleo que hace este pensador de ciertos dispositivos retóricos: i) no implica necesariamente un rompimiento con las normativas epicúreas respecto del uso legítimo de la retórica, ii) ni debe leerse como un abandono del proyecto racionalista epicúreo, sino que iii) puede interpretarse como expresión de una concepción sumamente rica y compleja de la racionalidad humana que incorpora las capacidades descriptivas del lenguaje como herramientas esenciales en la transmisión de la información relevante para la toma de decisiones.
De la aporía del tiempo y el alma a la temporalidad del Dasein
Authors: Simesen de Bielke Martín
Published: August 2018

El tema del presente artículo es la recepción y radicalización heideggeriana de la aporía del tiempo y el alma en Aristóteles en los textos del periodo conocido como la década fenomenológica. La cuestión acerca de si habría o no tiempo en caso de que no existiera el alma (al final de Physica D 14) conduce a una difícil aporía que queda sin respuesta en el corpus aristotelicum. Heidegger piensa que el planteamiento aporético muestra que Aristóteles intuye ya (si bien no llega a ver con total claridad) que el Dasein mismo debe considerarse fundamentalmente tiempo. Puesto que el tiempo es la determinación básica de la existencia humana, el Dasein sería imposible sin el tiempo. En otras palabras, no habría Dasein sin tiempo.
Globalización e historia
Authors: Rohbeck Johannes
Published: August 2018

La historia ocupa un papel marginal en las teorías actuales de la globalización. Esto no deja de sorprender, pues “globalización” es, en esencia, un concepto que describe un proceso de la historia. Menos aún se habla de la filosofía de la historia, sobre todo porque ha caído en descrédito. Sin embargo, casi todas las argumentaciones emplean modelos de interpretación propios de la filosofía de la historia. Se conjetura qué tendencias generales le son inherentes a la globalización y si apuntan a un “progreso” o a una “decadencia” de la civilización humana. Por último, el problema ético de la justicia global debe tomar en consideración el desarrollo de la historia acontecida. Estos temas dejan claro que el recurso a la historia con implicaciones filosóficas es imprescindible para resolver los problemas de la globalización.
Corporate control and ownership networks
Authors: Di Giacomo Mirko , Cenci Marisa
Published: August 2018

In this paper, authors consider ownership networks to quantify the ease with which a company can be controlled due to the shareholding relationships in which it is involved. These networks have been usually considered in a descriptive perspective, either to quantify the control exerted by an ultimate shareholder, especially in presence of complex patterns of indirect control, or as a subject of topological analysis. Recently, a new stream of literature arose, solving optimization problems on ownership networks. Among these tools, authors explicitly refer to the Indirect Control Problem (IC) (Martins & Neves, 2017), which determines the minimum cost control strategy of a set of Target company, namely a strategy to build a robust investment fund which includes the corporate control on one or more companies. In this paper, we combine the descriptive and the optimization approach, introducing a linear programming model, namely Cheapest Control Problem (CCP), contributing on both the descriptive and the optimization approach. In particular, authors propose CCP overcome some of the IC main limitations, i.e. the overestimation of control in presence of mutual cross-shareholdings. Furthermore, CCP solutions allow computing three indexes that measure the ease with which a company can be controlled depending on its ownership relationships. Finally, a case study is incorporated to compare IC and CCP solutions, discussing the informative power of the indices introduced.
KEPERCAYAAN DAN PRAKTIK BUDAYA PADA MASA KEHAMILAN MASYARAKAT DESA KARANGSARI, KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Juariah -
Published: August 2018

Desa Karangsari Kabupaten Garut telah mengalami perubahan secara fisik karena adanya beberapa tempat wisata, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai praktik-praktik budaya pada masa kehamilan di daerah tersebut, termasuk apakah masyarakat masih mempertahankan budaya yang dianut selama ini, ataukah sudah terjadi pergeseran nilai budaya  sebagai pengaruh dari perubahan fisik yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kepercayaan dan praktik  budaya masyarakat Desa Karangsari pada masa kehamilan, serta manfaat dan dampak dari praktik tersebut terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janinnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analisis, melalui pendekatan studi kasus, dengan informan berjumlah 20 orang. Data hasil wawancara dianalisis dengan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  masyarakat Desa Karangsari masih mengikuti kebiasaan yang harus dilakukan ibu pada saat hamil  dan juga pantangan/larangan yang harus dihindari oleh ibu hamil, dengan keyakinan jika pantangan itu dilanggar akan mengakibatkan hal buruk pada ibu dan bayi yang dikandungnya. Masyarakat Desa Karangsari juga masih mempertahankan adat upacara opat bulanan dan nujuh bulanan walaupun dalam pelaksanaannya disesuaikan dengan kemampuan ibu hamil dan keluarganya. Suami terlibat dalam kehamilan istrinya dengan mengikuti keharusan dan pantangan dan meyakini akan ada akibat buruk jika tidak mengikuti kebiasaan tersebut. Tenaga kesehatan dan maraji pemanfaatannya saling berdampingan, walaupun maraji memiliki otoritas terutama dalam ritual seremonial.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN UPAH MINIMUM TERHADAP MIGRASI INTERNAL DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Santoso Ambar Dwi
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak kebijakan upah minimum terhadap migrasi internal. Analisis memfokuskan pada migrasi internal di Sulawesi Selatan dengan menggunakan data runtun-waktu 1995-2015. Analisis menggunakan model persamaan simultan dengan 55 persamaan struktural, dan estimasi dilakukan dengan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil menunjukkan kebijakan upah minimum meningkatkan arus migrasi masuk ke kawasan Makassar, dan dalam mengantisipasinya menjadi penting untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran pemerintah daerah guna penciptaan lapangan kerja baru pada kawasan di luar kawasan Makassar.
KOMUNIKASI POLITIK PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT DALAM MENYOSIALISASIKAN MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA)
Authors: Shinta Dewi Evie Ariadne
Published: August 2018

Konsekuensi berlakunya MEA bagi negara Indonesia keniscayaan menghadapi bebasnya arus perdagangan barang, jasa, pasar tenaga kerja dan investasi dengan negara ASEAN lainnya. Kesiapan pemerintah Indonesia, khususnya Pemerintah Daerah, dalam menghadapi MEA terutama agar masyarakat menyadari tantangan sekaligus peluang besar yang dihadapinya. Upaya pemerintah daerah dalam melaksanakan fungsi komunikasi politiknya dengan secara optimal menyosialisasikan MEA menjadi tantangan tersendiri mengingat sebagai kebijakan internasional yang lahir dari bentuk perjanjian internasional, keberadaan MEA akan berdampak bagi masyarakat daerah. Idealnya, pemerintah daerah perlu menyosialisasikan MEA   kepada seluruh stakeholders termasuk kepada masyarakat luas guna menyiapkan masyarakat dalam menghadapi fase baru kehidupan perekonomian negara Indonesia di tingkat kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi politik yang sebaiknya dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Bandung Barat (KBB) dalam menyiapkan masyarakat menghadapi MEA. Menggunakan metode studi kasus penelitian ini memperoleh data melalui wawancara mendalam, sudi dokumentasi dan observasi serta focuss Group Discussion. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bahwa pemerintah Kab. Bandung Barat belum melaksanakan fungsi komunikasi politiknya dalam menyosialisasikan MEA kepada masyarakat secara optimal. Hal ini bias dilihat dari belum adanya strategi khusus untuk menyosialisasikan MEA kepada masyarakat Kab. Bandung Barat. Namun demikian, setiap dinas terkait senantiasa menyelipkan content MEA di dalam setiap program kerja dan kegiatan yang melibatkan masyarakat. Media komunikasi yang digunakan masih terbatas pada press release yang disampaikan kepada kelompok kerja wartawan serta dukungan kepada dinas terkait tentang penggunaan fasilitas IT oleh Dinas Komunikasi & Informasi berupa website.
Metatietotyön uudet tuulet – dokumenttien kuvailun merkitys digiyhteiskunnassa
Authors: Hypén Kaisa , Piukkula Juha , Saarti Jarmo
Published: August 2018

Metatiedolla tarkoitetaan tietoa tiedosta, kirjastoympäristössä konkreettisesti erilaisiin julkaisuihin liitettävää kuvailutietoa. Kuvailutiedolla onkaksi tarkoitusta: ensinnäkin sen avulla voidaan luoda tietokantoja ja kertoa julkaisuista ja niiden historiasta. Toinen tarkoitus liittyy siihen tavoitteeseen, jossa lukija tai käyttäjä ja julkaisu autetaan löytämään toisensa. Metatietotyö on murroksessa. Tämä johtuu digitaalisen toimintaympäristön ja tietotekniikan kehittymisestä, julkaisujen määrän valtavasta kasvusta ja tieteellisessä ympäristössä uusien tiedonlouhintaan liittyvien tutkimusmenetelmien kehittymisestä. Näissä kaikissa tarvitaan hyvää ja laadukasta metatietoa.
Kirjavarastoinnin uusia tuulia Kuopio 6 -konferenssissa
Authors: Lilja Johanna , Vesterinen Johanna , Savolainen Liisa
Published: August 2018

Kuopio-konferenssit ovat perinteisesti koonneet yhteen kirjojen varastoinnista ja varastokirjastopalveluista kiinnostunutta kirjastoväkeä eri maista. Kuudes Kuopio-konferenssi järjestettiin tänä vuonna Baselissa ja sen ohjelmaan kuului vierailu robotisoituun varastokirjastoon, Kooperative Speicherbibliothekiin. Suomesta konferenssiin osallistuivat apulaiskirjastonjohtaja Liisa Savolainen ja palvelujohtaja Johanna Lilja Kansalliskirjastosta sekä Varastokirjaston entinen kirjastonjohtaja Pentti Vattulainen ja nykyinen kirjastonjohtaja Johanna Vesterinen.
Abdome agudo perfurativo em decorrência de uso de Crack: um relato de caso
Authors: Giordano Allana Maria Gomes , Brechmacher Guilherme Bonassi , Von Sydow Bruno Del Guercio , Yosioka Diego Ryuichi Silva , Assef José Cesar
Published: August 2018

O abdome agudo perfurativo é um diagnóstico sindrômico presente na rotina do pronto socorro. Nas perfurações do íleo terminal, as etiologias mais frequentes são as doenças inflamatórias intestinais (tuberculose intestinal e doença de Chron). Apresenta-se um caso onde a hipótese diagnóstica pré-operatória e a impressão intra-operatória era de perfuração por tuberculose intestinal. Contudo, frente ao resultado negativo no exame anatomopatológico, passou-se a discutir como etiologia o uso regular do Crack. A relação do uso da cocaína e seus derivados com complicações gastrointestinais é vista cada vez mais na prática médica, uma vez que o consumo da droga tem se difundido. Na literatura especula-se que a droga possa provocar vasoconstrição das artérias mesentéricas, isquemia tecidual focal, e em última instância, pode levar à perfuração.Descritores: Abdome agudo, Perfuração intestinal, Cocaína crack, Tuberculose gastrointestinal
Alexis St. Martin – the intrepid guinea pig?
Authors: Leme Pedro Luiz Squilacci
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar o recorte histórico de um fato pouco conhecido e não explorado por nossa literatura médica, assim como discutir críticas recentes e pouco fundamentadas nos relatos históricos à conduta médica e ética envolvidas, que utilizaram um enfoque do século XXI a fatos ocorridos no século XIX.