bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental–behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and co‐occurring gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Restrepo Bibiana , Angkustsiri Kathleen , Taylor Sandra L. , Rogers Sally J. , Cabral Jacqueline , Heath Brianna , Hechtman Alexa , Solomon Marjorie , Ashwood Paul , Amaral David G. , Nordahl Christine Wu
Published: August 2020

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We evaluated the frequency and severity of GI symptoms in preschool‐aged children with ASD compared to participants with typical development (TD). Our goal was to ascertain whether GI symptoms are associated with differences in sex or developmental and behavioral measures. Participants were between 2 and 3.5 years of age and included 255 children with ASD (184 males/71 females) and 129 age‐matched TD controls (75 males/54 females). A parent interview was used to assess GI symptoms (abdominal pain, gaseousness/bloating, diarrhea, constipation, pain on stooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, blood in stool or in vomit). Children with GI symptoms in each diagnostic group were compared to children without GI symptoms on measures of developmental, behavioral, and adaptive functioning. GI symptoms were reported more frequently in children with ASD compared to the TD group (47.8% vs. 17.8%, respectively). Children with ASD were also more likely to experience multiple GI symptoms (30.6% vs. 5.4%). GI symptoms were equally common in males and females across both diagnostic groups. There were no statistically significant differences in developmental or adaptive measures based on presence of GI symptoms in either ASD or TD children. Co‐occurring GI symptoms were, however, associated with increased self‐injurious behaviors, restricted stereotyped behaviors, aggressive behaviors, sleep problems and attention problems in both ASD and TD children. In children with ASD, a higher number of GI symptoms was associated with an increase in self‐injurious behaviors, somatic complaints, reduced sleep duration, and increased parasomnias.

Lay Summary

ASD is characterized by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. But, people with autism have many other difficulties including gastrointestinal problems. Children with ASD were three times more likely to experience GI symptoms than typically developing peers. Increased GI symptoms are associated with increased problem behaviors such as sleep problems, self‐injury, and body aches. Since GI symptoms are often treatable, it is important to recognize them as soon as possible. Both clinicians and parents should become more aware of the high occurrence of GI problems in autistic people. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1778–1789. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Chili und der Capsaicinrezeptor TRPV1
Authors: Thiel Gerald , Backes Tobias Maximilian , Rössler Oliver G.
Published: August 2020

Seit hunderten von Jahren essen die Menschen scharfe Chilischoten, obwohl diese das Toxin Capsaicin enthalten. Diese Substanz bindet und aktiviert den TRPV1‐Kationenkanal, der vor allem in sensorischen Nervenzellen exprimiert wird. Zusätzlich wird der TRPV1‐Kanal durch Hitze, Protonen und verschiedene Toxine von Tieren aktiviert. Er dient daher als ein polymodaler Nozisensor für unterschiedliche schädliche Reize. Dafür wandelt er schädliche chemische oder thermische Stimuli in Nervenimpulse um. Die Blockade des TRPV1‐Kanals kann daher die Schmerzwahrnehmung vermindern bzw. unterbinden. Die Überaktivierung des TRPV1‐Kanals kann das schmerzdetektierende System für eine Zeitlang unterbrechen bzw. bei höherer Konzentration des TRPV1‐Aktivators die sensorischen Nervenzellen zerstören. Eine überzeugende Erklärung für die Vorliebe vieler Menschen für scharfe Soßen gibt es bisher nicht.
Flexible working schedules in SMEs: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Peprah Augustine Awuah , Agyemang Collins Badu , Damoah Obi Berko Obeng
Published: August 2020

There has been a sustained interest in flexible work schedules (FWSs) because of the opportunities they offer in improving organizational efficiency and providing a more work–life balanced role for employees. Yet, less research attention has been focused on FWSs in SMEs in developing countries, which leaves much to be concerned about FWSs, its application and impacts in SMEs in developing countries especially in the context of Africa. Drawing on the theory of work adjustment and job demand‐resource model and using a survey data on SMEs from Ghana, the study theorizes and tests the relationship between FWSs and SMEs perceived profitability, employees' career satisfaction and productivity. The results from the analysis indicate that FWSs in SMEs in developing countries are positively associated with (perceived) profitability, employees' career satisfaction and productivity. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Tailings facility failures in the global mining industry: Will a ‘transparency turn’ drive change?
Authors: Kemp Deanna , Owen John R. , Lèbre Éléonore
Published: August 2020

In this article, we critically analyse emerging regulatory controls around the design and management of tailings facilities in the global mining industry. Following several high profile, catastrophic tailings facility failures, a Global Tailings Review (GTR) was established to develop a new industry Standard. We describe the precursors to the GTR and review the public disclosure requirements of 19 separate industry‐endorsed standards and certification schemes. On several criteria, the GTR Standard requires unprecedented levels of public disclosure by mining companies. Does this amount to a ‘transparency turn’ in tailings management? We argue that while improved disclosure provisions may provide visibility for investors, regulators and other stakeholders, the socialisation of transparency norms is a highly complex, contingent and ultimately fragile endeavour. Using indicators relevant to achieving transparency, we demonstrate the contextual variability into which mining companies will be disclosing information. Our analysis highlights the sheer number of tailings facilities in locations with multi‐dimensional complexity, including low levels of literacy and governance, with correspondingly high levels of inequality and corruption. We discuss these conditionalities in relation to the GTR Standard, and conclude by outlining future research priorities.
Keep Your Eye On…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2020

The risks of smoking to young adults for severe COVID‐19

The promise of psychosocial interventions in ADHD, ED

Adolescents using vaping liquids to lose weight, cut appetite
Early and late pace‐maker implantation after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Pykäri Jouni , Savontaus Mikko , Laine Mika , Husso Annastiina , Virtanen Marko , Maaranen Pasi , Niemelä Matti , Mäkikallio Timo , Tauriainen Tuomas , Eskola Markku , Raivio Peter , Valtola Antti , Juvonen Tatu , Airaksinen Juhani
Published: August 2020

Background

Conduction defects requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation are frequent complications occurring after surgical (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods

Patients who underwent TAVR or SAVR with a bioprosthesis from the nationwide FinnValve registry were the subjects of this study. Patients with prior PPM, who received a sutureless prosthesis, or required cardiac resynchronization therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillator were excluded from this analysis.

Results

Four thousand and ten patients underwent SAVR and 1,897 underwent TAVR. TAVR had an increased risk of PPM implantation at 30‐day (10.1% vs. 3.5%, unadjusted OR 3.11, 95%CI 2.56–3.87) and 5‐year (15.7% vs. 8.6%, unadjusted SHR, 2.12, 95%CI 1.81–2.48) compared to SAVR. PPM implantation within 30 days from the index procedure did not increase the risk of 5‐year mortality after either SAVR or TAVR. Among 1,042 propensity score matched pairs, TAVR had an increased risk of PPM implantation at 30‐day (9.9% vs. 4.7%, p < .0001) and 5‐year (14.7% vs. 11.4%, p = .001), but late (>30 days) PPM implantation at 5‐year (4.7% vs. 6.9% SHR 0.72, 95%CI 0.47–1.10) was comparable to SAVR. The types of prosthesis had an impact on 30‐day PPM implantation after TAVR, but not on late (>30 days) PPM implantation.

Conclusions

Although the risk of 30‐day PPM implantation is higher after TAVR compared to SAVR, late (>30 days) PPM implantation was comparable with these treatment methods. PPM implantation within 30 days did not affect late survival.
The constrictive consequences of pericardial calcifications
Authors: Egorova Anastasia D. , Schalij Martin J. , Kiès Philippine
Published: August 2020

A 53‐year‐old man presented with symptomatic severe pulmonary valve regurgitation. He underwent a diagnostic catheterization. A heavily calcified pericardium and the pressure tracings illustrate typical features of constrictive pericarditis physiology, including the "square root sign." This condition is important to recognize given the progressive nature and poor prognosis if untreated.
Catalytic Oxygen Removal from Synthetic Coke Oven Gas: A Comparison of Sulfided CoMo/γ‐Al2O3 and NiMo/γ‐Al2O3 Catalysts with Pt/γ‐Al2O3 as Benchmark Catalyst
Authors: Wiesmann Thomas , Youn Suh Sung , Kaluza Stefan , Lohmann Heiko , Zeidler‐Fandrich Barbara
Published: August 2020

For the oxygen removal from coke oven gas (COG) the catalytic activity of commercial catalysts CoMo/γ‐Al2O3 and NiMo/γ‐Al2O3 was evaluated after a sulfidation pretreatment and compared to the Pt/γ‐Al2O3 reference catalyst. Elemental analysis and temperature‐programmed desorption showed that the oxidation reaction and the associated oxidation of active sulfidic centers is the main cause of deactivation despite the presence of other reductants, such as hydrogen. This approach could allow an appropriate sulfide catalyst to be designed for oxygen removal corresponding to the typical COG composition in the presence of H2S.
Impact of corporate social responsibility attributions on employee's extra‐role behaviors: Moderating role of ethical corporate identity and interpersonal trust
Authors: Afridi Sajjad A. , Afsar Bilal , Shahjehan Asad , Khan Wajid , Rehman Zia U. , Khan Muhammad A. S.
Published: August 2020

Interest in individual‐level outcomes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is gaining momentum in academic and managerial circles. This study investigated whether employees attributed different motives to CSR efforts and if these motives influenced employee's extra‐role behaviors (proactivity, knowledge sharing, creativity, and adaptivity). We also tested the moderating role of interpersonal trust and ethical corporate identity on the link between CSR attributions and employee's extra‐role behaviors. Data were collected from 360 employees and 117 supervisors from the hotel industry of Pakistan. Using hierarchical regression analyses, results show that CSR attributions affected employee's extra‐role behaviors. Moreover, interpersonal trust and ethical corporate identity were found to moderate the relationship between CSR attributions and extra‐role behaviors. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
Inclusion of Neon into an Yttrium Borohydride Structure at Elevated Pressure – An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Jaroń Tomasz , Starobrat Agnieszka , Struzhkin Viktor V. , Grochala Wojciech
Published: August 2020

We report here the experimental and computational results of a high‐pressure study (up to 40 GPa) of yttrium borohydride. During compression in neon pressure medium the cage‐like RuO3 structure of α‐Y(BH4)3 is stabilized by the formation of the inclusion compound with this chemically inert gas. Ne atoms fill the voids available in the crystal structure of the host at the special 0 0 0 and 0.5 0.5 0.5 positions. The inclusion compound preserves high crystallinity up to ca. 10 GPa, while gradual amorphization is observed at higher pressures. The results of our DFT calculations indicate that although the molecular volumes of the tested system are rather well modeled using PBEsol functional, significant improvement, especially in terms of the phases' relative energy can be made when applying dispersion correction, using PBE‐TS approach.
Modification of the anterior‐posterior tongue rotation flap for oral tongue reconstruction
Authors: Lu Junqin , Chen Yahong , Xia Rong‐Hui , Shen Yi , Zheng Zhiwei , Sun Jian
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and long‐term outcome of a modification of the anterior‐posterior tongue rotation flap used for reconstruction of tongue following cancer ablation. From April 2016 to September 2017, 21 consecutive patients with tumor classification (T2), lymph node classification (N0) tongue cancer on the anterior and middle one‐third portion were selected for this study. A modification of the anterior‐posterior tongue rotation flap was selected for tongue reconstruction after the cancer resection. Patient's scorings of swallowing, chewing, speech and taste were recorded. Patient after tongue flap reconstruction acquired satisfied tongue movement that allows normal functional outcomes for swallowing, chewing, speech and taste. Local tumor recurrence was not observed during the follow‐up examination (range, 12‐24 months). The modification of the anterior‐posterior tongue rotation flap was a safe and reliable treatment for medium‐size tongue cancer (T2N0), especially suitable to patients who cannot endure prolonged surgery.
CRISPR/Cas9 knock‐in toward creating a Rett syndrome cell model with a synonymous mutation in the MECP2 gene
Authors: Khalili Alashti Shayan , Fallahi Jafar , Jokar Arezoo , Fardaei Majid
Published: August 2020

Background

Rett syndrome is an X‐linked dominant neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutation in the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. This gene encodes a methylated DNA‐binding protein, which acts as a transcriptional regulatory factor. The present study aimed to establish a cell model of Rett syndrome with the MECP2 synonymous mutation c.354G>T (p.Gly118Gly). In addition, the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of this mutation was also investigated.

Methods

To create a cell line containing the synonymous variant in MECP2 locus, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐mediated homology‐directed repair precise gene editing method was used. In addition, employing the synthesis of cDNA, the effect of this variant on splicing was investigated.

Results

Using this model and molecular analysis, we found that the c.354G>T synonymous variant created a novel 5' cryptic splice donor site within the exon 3 of MECP2 gene, which resulted in the deletion of 25 nucleotides at the 3' end of exon 3 and presumably protein truncation.

Conclusions

The results of the present study show that an apparently neutral synonymous polymorphism, which may be commonly classified as non‐pathogenic, may indeed lead to the creation of an aberrant splice site, thereby resulting in disease.
Rapid, random‐access, and quantification of hepatitis B virus using the Cepheid Xpert HBV viral load assay
Authors: Auzin Ali M. , Slavenburg Serena , Peters Cas , Boland Greet , Rahamat‐Langendoen Janette , Melchers Willem J.G. , Schuurman Rob
Published: August 2020

Background

Monitoring viral load (VL) is an essential part of the management of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The commercial HBV VL assays currently available are generally performed on high‐throughput platforms for batch wise testing of plasma samples, with relatively long turn‐around‐times. Rapid VL testing could provide immediate input to clinical decision making.

Methods

One hundred two stored plasma samples from 102 patients who were previously tested for HBV VL by the Cobas Ampliprep/Taqman or Cobas 4800 (Roche, Pleasanton, CA), were analyzed by the recently introduced Cepheid Xpert HBV Viral Load Assay. Thirty‐one of the 102 samples were negative for HBV DNA and 71 out of 102 samples had a detectable VL. HBV DNA loads ranged from <20 to 5E8 IU/mL. HBV genotypes (A, B, C, D, E, and G) were known for 52 of the VL positive samples. Correlation of VL results between both assays was determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r2). The level of concordance was assessed using the Bland‐Altman analysis.

Results

HBV VLs correlated well between both assays, across all genotypes (Pearson correlation coefficient r2 = 0.987). Six samples exceeded a 0.5  log difference between assays. Bland‐Altman analysis demonstrated a mean of the difference of −0.107 log and a standard deviation of 0.271 log.

Conclusion

High correlation was observed between the Roche Cobas HBV Viral Load tests and the Xpert HBV Viral Load Assay, thus enabling rapid, random access, and accurate HBV VL assessment.
Comparative analysis of antiviral efficacy of FDA‐approved drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2 in human lung cells
Authors: Ko Meehyun , Jeon Sangeun , Ryu Wang‐Shick , Kim Seungtaek
Published: August 2020

Drug repositioning represents an effective way to control the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Previously, we identified 24 FDA‐approved drugs which exhibited substantial antiviral effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Vero cells. Since antiviral efficacy could be altered in different cell lines, we developed an antiviral screening assay with human lung cells, which is more appropriate than Vero cell. The comparative analysis of antiviral activities revealed that nafamostat is the most potent drug in human lung cells (IC50 = 0.0022 µM).
Experimental study of the kinetics of reaction of chlorine atoms with tetrahydrofuran and fully deuterated tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Szymański Sebastian , Sarzyński Dariusz S.
Published: August 2020

The overall rate constants for H‐abstraction (kH) from tetrahydrofuran and D‐abstraction (kD) from fully deuterated tetrahydrofuran by chlorine atoms in the temperature range of 298‐547 K were determined. In both cases, very weak negative temperature dependences of the overall rate constants were observed, described by the expressions: kH = (1.55 ± 0.13) × 10−10 exp(52 ± 28/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and kD = (1.27 ± 0.25) × 10−10exp(55 ± 62/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The experimental results show that the value of the kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD), amounting to 1.21 ± 0.10, is temperature independent at 298‐547 K.
A New Approach toward Investigation of Structure of Terminal Units of Poly(1,3‐Pentadiene) using T2‐Filtered NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rozentsvet Victor A. , Sablina Nelly A. , Ulyanova Daria M. , Kuznetsova Marianna G. , Kostjuk Sergei V. , Tolstoy Peter M.
Published: August 2020

A new method for the identification of the structure of terminal units in poly(1,3‐pentadiene) synthesized by cationic mechanism is developed. The conducting of NMR experiments with a T2 filter allows the intensities of the spectral signals of carbon and hydrogen atoms of main chain groups of poly(1,3‐pentadiene) with a short relaxation time to be decreased and significantly increases the intensities of signals of carbon and hydrogen atoms of head and end groups, which are characterized by higher mobility. Using 1D NMR spectroscopy with a T2 filter as well as 2D heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation and heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation NMR spectroscopy, it is found that the position of four out of five carbon atoms of the head group fully coincides with the position of spectral signals of carbon atoms of trans‐1,2‐ and trans‐1,4‐ units of a main polymer chain. This new method allows the identification of the signals of all carbon atoms in head trans‐1,4‐ group of poly(1,3‐pentadiene).
Study of Silica‐Supported Chromocene Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Wang Kai , Gao Yuli , Yi Jianjun , Zhao Ning , Jin Yulong , He Xuelian , Liu Boping
Published: August 2020

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has drawn great interest from researchers because it possesses many excellent properties such as superb strength and impact resistance, which other polyolefin cannot achieve. A silica‐supported chromocene catalyst, for the production of UHMWPE, is successfully developed. The polyethylene (PE) produced by the chromocene catalyst can achieve a molecular weight (MW) of over 3 × 106 g mol−1 with narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) a value of approximately three. The activity calculated by Cr per unit reaches the maximum when the loading of Cr is 1.7 wt%. With the increasing loading of chromocene, the MW shows a small increase and the MWD becomes narrower. The chromocene catalyst for ethylene polymerization also shows a significant hydrogen response. With 0.01 MPa hydrogen added into the ethylene polymerization, the MW of the PE decreases immensely to only 0.7 × 106 g mol−1 and the MWD is broadened from <3 to ≈12. If the amount of hydrogen increases, the MW continues to decrease and the MWD becomes wider. The MW of the PE produced by the chromocene catalyst can be regulated easily by adjusting the amount of hydrogen.
LC resonant circuits based matching networks for continuous mode MMIC power amplifiers
Authors: Xu Yang , Zhu Anding
Published: August 2020

This article presents a practical design methodology to construct output matching networks for broadband continuous mode monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers (PAs). Unlike conventional harmonic manipulation approaches, combinations of parallel and series LC resonant circuits are utilized to build the matching networks as it can generate frequency‐dependent components and locate the varying impedance of continuous mode. With a proper design, the impedance variation in frequency domain can be mapped to the frequency response of the matching network at the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic simultaneously. Matching network design procedures are demonstrated and results show that the frequency response of the network has very good approximation with the desired continuous mode conditions. A prototype PA is implemented on 0.25‐μm gallium nitride (GaN) MMIC process, and tested with both continuous‐wave and modulated signals. Measurement results show 50.82% maximum drain efficiency and 8.5 dB gain can be achieved across the operation bandwidth of 5.4 to 6.4 GHz.
Design of a compact patch antenna with boresight filtering gain response
Authors: Liu Yanqun , Li Shunli , Yang Mei , Zhao Hongxin , Yin Xiaoxing
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a novel compact microstrip patch antenna with a boresight filtering gain response is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a radiating patch, a ground plane, two pairs of slots respectively etched on the radiating patch and the ground plane, two shorted vias connecting the radiating patch and the ground plane. The slots on the ground plane not only provide a gain null in the lower transition band, but also introduce a new low‐resistance resonance which is beneficial to widen the impedance bandwidth. The slots on the radiating patch provide another gain null in the upper transition band. The two shorted vias are used to further adjust the reflection coefficient and the gain performance of the antenna. Since no extra circuits are introduced, the proposed antenna is compact. A prototype operating at 3.0 GHz was fabricated and measured. It demonstrates that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 3.5% and a gain of 6.0 dBi in a profile of 0.015 λ0. At the same time, a good filtering gain response is realized.
The effect of stroke on micturition associated brain activity: A pilot fMRI study
Authors: Kreydin Evgeniy I. , Gad Parag , Gao Bingchen , Liu Charles Y. , Ginsberg David A. , Jann Kay
Published: August 2020

Objective

Cerebral stroke is a unique model for studying the role of the brain in lower urinary tract (LUT) control. By its nature, stroke must change the activity of the brain to cause LUT dysfunction. The objective of this study was to describe changes in micturition‐related brain activity in patients who develop LUT symptoms (LUTS) after a cerebral stroke.

Materials and Methods

Healthy controls (HC, n = 10) and patients who developed storage LUTS after a cerebral stroke (n = 7) were recruited. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain activity in each subject. In the task‐based block design, blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal was detected during rest, active bladder filling, and bladder voiding. BOLD signal intensity was compared between HCs and stroke subjects during bladder filling, voiding, and voiding initiation.

Results

Stroke subjects exhibited higher activity in the periaqueductal gray and cerebellum during bladder filling and bladder voiding. HCs exhibited more intense activity in higher centers, such as the cingulate cortex, motor cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in each of the phases examined.

Conclusions

Subjects with stroke‐related LUTS exhibit a specific pattern of brain activity during bladder filling and voiding. There appears to be a greater reliance on primitive centers (cerebellum, midbrain) than in healthy controls during both phases of the micturition cycle. We hypothesize that these findings may reflect loss of connectivity with higher brain centers after a stroke.
Validation of the best practice policy statement on urodynamic antibiotic prophylaxis for the high‐risk patient in the era of antibiotic stewardship
Authors: Fox Cristina , Kim Michelle J. , Kuo Yen‐Hong , Fromer Debra L.
Published: August 2020

Aims

To validate the recommendations of the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine, and Urogenital Reconstruction (SUFU) 2017 Best Practice Policy Statement (BPPS) for Urodynamic Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in high‐risk patients.

Methods

After institutional review board approval, 489 patients who underwent urodynamics (UDS) in the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified according to the SUFU BPPS risk factors (neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction [NLUTD], elevated postvoid residual [PVR], immunosuppression, age over 70, catheter use, and orthopedic implants).χ2, Fisher's exact test, Studentttest, and univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between these risk factors and postprocedural urinary tract infection (UTI).

Results

Twenty‐two (4.5%) patients developed symptomatic postprocedural UTI. Univariate analysis revealed statistical differences in the incidence of UTI in patients with elevated PVR and NLUTD groups. The variables that were associated with UTI on multivariate analysis were elevated PVR (odds ratio [OR]: 4.91, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92‐12.56,P = .001) and NLUTD (OR: 4.84, 95% CI, 1.75‐3.37,P = .002). The data analysis for all other high‐risk groups failed to show significant correlations with UTI on univariate or multivariate analysis. Patients with three risk factors were more likely to develop UTI than patients with 1 or 2 risk factors. No patient developed pyelonephritis, sepsis, or joint infection.

Conclusions

Elevated PVR, NLUTD, and possessing three risk factors were significant predictors for post‐UDS UTI. All other risk factors were not associated with postprocedural UTI. Morbidity associated with UTI was low. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for these conditions should be reconsidered.
Jar Testing Made Easy
Authors: Schott Guy
Published: August 2020

Achieve meaningful, useful, and transferable jar testing results by applying best practices learned from a recent study of 36 water treatment facilities in California
Polymeric nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery systems: A review
Authors: Abasian Payam , Ghanavati Sonya , Rahebi Saeed , Nouri Khorasani Saied , Khalili Shahla
Published: August 2020

Today's medicine mainly relies on conventional means of therapeutics delivery to the human body, such as tablets, capsules, syrups, and injectable drugs. Utilizing such techniques are associated with a number of drawbacks including the need of high drug dosage, causing transient drug concentration changes in the patient's body, poor solubility, poor bioavailability, drug degradation, and interaction with the biological environment (enzymes and proteins). To address these issues, nanotechnology‐based novel drug delivery methods are proposed. Among the plethora of novel drug delivery techniques, the use of polymeric nanocarriers is shown to be promising. In fact, they focus on three main questions: first, where should a drug be released? Second, when should the drug be released? And finally, how should the drug be released? In this review, we are confined to explaining some concepts regarding to polymeric nanocarriers. First, different kinds of polymeric nanocarriers have been explained, in terms of their structures and properties. Second, different fabrication methods, for each one, have been elaborated. Finally, a handful of works carried out have been reviewed for their special structure, their kind of polymers which is used, and the drug which is encapsulated.
Effect of glass microspheres and fabric weave structure on mechanical performance of hemp/green epoxy composites
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Shahid Salma , Nawab Yasir , Shaker Khubab , Umair Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Despite many advantages, poor mechanical properties are a limiting factor in market growth of natural fiber composites. This work is focused on improvement in the mechanical properties of hemp/green epoxy composites by using four different weave structures and by adding glass microspheres (GMS) to the resin. The reinforcement was fabricated in four different weave designs (matt, satin, hybrid weave A, and hybrid weave B) and four different percentages of GMS (0%, 2%, 3.5%, and 5% on the weight of resin) were also mixed in the green epoxy resin. Four layered composites were fabricated by using vacuum bagging technique. The tensile, flexural and impact tests were conducted. The results showed that the tensile strength of composites with satin weave reinforcement is better than other weaves, due to longer warp thread float and lesser number of intersection points. While, during flexural and pendulum (Charpy) impact testing, matt weave composite showed better results due to its stable and robust structure as compared to the other weave composites. Keeping the weave design constant, the composites with 5% GSM showed better tensile, flexural and impact behavior. Both factors (weave design and GMS percentage) showed a statistically significant effect on the mechanical test results.
Covalently attached liquids as protective coatings
Authors: Melde Brian J , Malanoski Anthony P , Moore Martin H , Johnson Brandy J
Published: August 2020

Covalently attached liquids provide a liquid–liquid surface interaction for contacting contaminants, typically achieved through use of a polydimethylsiloxane linear polymer bound to the surface at one end. The attached dimethylsiloxane polymer chain retains liquid‐like mobility through bending and rotational motions, distinguishing the coatings from those formed by crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane or branched polymer chains. Here, covalently attached liquids are reviewed and their potential for application as topcoat treatments is discussed. This review focuses on a new use scenario: prevention of chemical contamination. When allowed to age in place, chemical contaminants tend to penetrate into painted surfaces. Standard decontamination processes can fail to remove the chemicals within the paint layer, resulting in secondary exposure hazards when environmental conditions change. Covalent liquid coatings provide repellency and shedding behaviors. This review highlights the failure of typical wetting evaluations in predicting performance for the new application as well as the potential of the coatings in enhancing chemical resistance for painted surfaces. Potential methods for further improvements are also discussed. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
MS Imaging‐Guided Microproteomics for Spatial Omics on a Single Instrument
Authors: Dewez Frédéric , Oejten Janina , Henkel Corinna , Hebeler Romano , Neuweger Heiko , De Pauw Edwin , Heeren Ron M. A. , Balluff Benjamin
Published: August 2020

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allows investigating the spatial distribution of chemical compounds directly in biological tissues. As the analytical depth of MSI is limited, MSI needs to be coupled to more sensitive local extraction‐based omics approaches to achieve a comprehensive molecular characterization. For this, it is important to retain the spatial information provided by MSI for follow‐up omics studies. It has been shown that regiospecific MSI data can be used to guide a laser microdissection system for ultra‐sensitive liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analyses. So far, this combination has required separate and specialized mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation. Recent advances in dual‐source instrumentation, harboring both matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) sources, promise state‐of‐the‐art MSI and liquid‐based proteomic capabilities on the same MS instrument. This study demonstrates that such an instrument can offer both fast lipid‐based MSI at high mass and high lateral resolution and sensitive LC‐MS on local protein extracts from the exact same tissue section.
An assessment of practitioners approaches to forecasting in the presence of changepoints
Authors: Chapman Jamie‐Leigh , Killick Rebecca
Published: August 2020

A common challenge in time series is to forecast data that suffer from structural breaks or changepoints which complicate modeling. If we naively forecast using one model for the whole data, the model will be incorrect, and thus, our forecast error will be large. There are two common practices to account for these changepoints when the goal is forecasting: (1) preprocess the data to identify the changepoints, incorporating them as dummy variables in modeling the whole data, and (2) include the changepoint estimation into the model and forecast using the model fit to the last segment. This article examines these two practices, using the computationally exact Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) algorithm for changepoint detection, comparing and contrasting them in the context of an important Software Engineering application.
A general penalty method for density‐to‐potential inversion
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Harbola Manoj K.
Published: August 2020

A general penalty method is presented for the construction of the Kohn‐Sham system for a given density through Levy's constrained search. The method uses a functional S[ρ] of one's choice. Different forms of S[ρ] are used to calculate the kinetic energy and exchange‐correlation potential of atoms, jellium spheres, and the Hookium, and consistency among results obtained from them is shown for each system.
Adaptive event‐triggered output feedback control for a class of p‐normal nonlinear systems with sensor failure
Authors: Li Min , Li Shi , Shu Feng , Xiang Zhengrong
Published: August 2020

This article investigates the problem of global adaptive output feedback control for a class of p‐normal nonlinear systems with time‐varying sensor failure and unknown growth rate via an event‐triggered strategy. Due to the existence of time‐varying sensor failure, only the system output with sensor failure is available for feedback control design. To overcome this obstacle, an adaptive reduced‐dimensional observer using only failure output is constructed. Subsequently, a novel adaptive event‐triggered controller is designed by virtual of a dynamic gain technique, under which all the states of the considered closed‐loop systems are bounded as well as the proposed event‐triggered mechanism is Zeno‐free. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the presented control method.
Performance evaluation of a DVB‐S2 system with a digital optical feeder link
Authors: Méric Hugo , Péricart Louis
Published: August 2020

We investigate the physical layer performance of a DVB‐S2 system with a digital optical feeder link. We consider three scenarios depending on how the DVB‐S2 modulator functionalities are distributed between the optical gateway and the satellite. Our main objective is to specify the residual bit error rate of the optical channel error correction scheme in order to ensure a quasierror free link to the users. To that end, we provide theoretical models and/or simulations results. In two scenarios, our results show that a residual bit error rate of 10−4 (assuming equally distributed errors) gives end‐to‐end physical layer performance compliant with the DVB‐S2 standard. This specification is much higher than typical values in practical systems.
Understanding the Chemical Insights of Staple Motifs of Thiolate‐Protected Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Endong , Xu Wen Wu , Zhu Beien , Gao Yi
Published: August 2020

Improving the fundamental understanding of the basic structures of ligand‐protected gold nanoclusters is essential to their bottom‐up synthesis as well as their further application explorations. The thiolate ligands that cover the central metal core in staple motifs are vital for the stability of the gold clusters. However, the knowledge about the geometrical and bonding characters of the thiolate ligands has not been fully uncovered yet. In this work, density functional theory calculations and molecular orbital analysis are applied to show that the Au atoms in the thiolate ligands are hypervalent. The chemical insights of the linear SAuS configuration as well as the lengthened AuS bond by combining the 3‐center 4‐electron (3c‐4e) model and the well‐recognized valence shell electron pair repulsion theory are revealed. Valence bond formulations of the motifs are given to provide more chemical insights, for example, the resonant structures, to show how the thiolate motif forms one covalent bond and one dative covalent bond with the Au core. This work provides a thorough understanding of the structure and bonding pattern of thiolate ligands of Au nanoclusters, which is important for the rational design of ligands‐protected Au nanoclusters.
Equity for Students Learning English in Dual Language Bilingual Education: Persistent Challenges and Promising Practices
Authors: Dorner Lisa M. , Cervantes‐Soon Claudia G.
Published: August 2020

This special issue of TESOL Quarterly examines the equity challenges and promises of dual language bilingual education (DLBE) for students learning English as an additional language. As demographic change and transnational connections develop more awareness and desire for multilingualism, there has been an explosion of DLBE in schools throughout the world. Although research confirms the effectiveness of well‐implemented dual language programs, studies also find persistent and pervasive inequalities, which are explored in this issue. On the one hand, there is a global push toward English as a lingua franca that denies education in students’ native languages; on the other hand, there is not equal access or opportunity to English as a global language of power through English‐bilingual education. Ideologies and discourses of monolingualism and accountability for English learning continue to impact DLBE policy and practice as well as dehumanize language‐minoritized youth who are learning English. At the same time, research reported in this issue documents the pride, joy, and multilingual capacities of children and their families, as well as the possibilities for DLBE when we hold programs accountable for bilingual outcomes and avoid “equity traps.” In this introductory piece, the guest editors define key terms, provide a brief overview of equity challenges in DLBE, introduce each contribution, and conclude with important research and teaching needs moving forward.
Breaking mirror twin color
Authors: Batell Brian , Hu Wei , Verhaaren Christopher B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We investigate simple extensions of the Mirror Twin Higgs model in which the twin color gauge symmetry and the discrete ℤ2 mirror symmetry are spontaneously broken. This is accomplished in a minimal way by introducing a single new colored triplet, sextet, or octet scalar field and its twin along with a suitable scalar potential. This spontaneous ℤ2 breaking allows for a phenomenologically viable alignment of the electroweak vacuum, and leads to dramatic differences between the visible and mirror sectors with regard to the residual gauge symmetries at low energies, color confinement scales, and particle spectra. In particular, several of our models feature a remnant SU(2) or SO(3) twin color gauge symmetry with a very low confinement scale in comparison to ΛQCD. Furthermore, couplings between the colored scalar and matter provide a new dynamical source of twin fermion masses, and due to the mirror symmetry, these lead to a variety of correlated visible sector effects that can be probed through precision measurements and collider searches.
Higgs production in bottom quark fusion: matching the 4- and 5-flavour schemes to third order in the strong coupling
Authors: Duhr Claude , Dulat Falko , Hirschi Valentin , Mistlberger Bernhard
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We present analytic results for the partonic cross sections for the production of a Higgs boson via the fusion of two bottom quarks at N3LO in QCD perturbation theory in the five-flavour scheme. We combine this perturbative result with NLO accurate predictions in the four-flavour scheme that include the full bottom quark mass dependence by appropriately removing any double-counting stemming from contributions included in both predictions. We thereby obtain state-of-the-art predictions for the inclusive production probability of a Higgs boson via bottom quark fusion at hadron colliders.
Post-Minkowskian scattering angle in Einstein gravity
Authors: Bjerrum-Bohr N.E.J. , Cristofoli Andrea , Damgaard Poul H.
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Using the implicit function theorem we demonstrate that solutions to the classical part of the relativistic Lippmann-Schwinger equation are in one-to-one correspondence with those of the energy equation of a relativistic two-body system. A corollary is that the scattering angle can be computed from the amplitude itself, without having to introduce a potential. All results are universal and provide for the case of general relativity a very simple formula for the scattering angle in terms of the classical part of the amplitude, to any order in the post-Minkowskian expansion.
Right ideal Howson semigroups
Authors: Carson Scott , Gould Victoria
Published: August 2020

We define a semigroupSto beright ideal Howsonif the intersection of any two finitely generated right ideals, or, equivalently, any two principal right ideals, is again finitely generated. We give many examples of such semigroups, including right coherent monoids, finitely aligned semigroups, and inverse semigroups. We investigate the closure of the class of right ideal Howson semigroups under algebraic constructions. For any$$n \in \mathbb {N}^0$$n∈N0we give a presentation of a right ideal Howson semigroup possessing an intersection of principal right ideals that requires exactlyngenerators that is, in a particular sense, universal. We give analogous presentations for commutative, and for commutative cancellative, (right) ideal Howson semigroups.
Short-Term Exposure to High-Temperature Water Causes a Shift in the Microbiome of the Common Aquarium Sponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes
Authors: Vargas Sergio , Leiva Laura , Wörheide Gert
Published: August 2020

Marine sponges harbor diverse microbiomes that contribute to their energetic and metabolic needs. Although numerous studies on sponge microbial diversity exist, relatively few focused on sponge microbial community changes under different sources of environmental stress. In this study, we assess the impact of elevated seawater temperature on the microbiome of cultured Lendenfeldia chondrodes, a coral reef sponge commonly found in marine aquaria. Lendenfeldia chondrodes exhibits high thermal tolerance showing no evidence of tissue damage or bleaching at 5 °C above control water temperature (26 °C). High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA V4 region revealed a response of the microbiome of L. chondrodes to short-term exposure to elevated seawater temperature. Shifts in abundance and richness of the dominant bacterial phyla found in the microbiome of this species, namely Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes, characterized this response. The observed resilience of L. chondrodes and the responsiveness of its microbiome to short-term increases in seawater temperature suggest that this holobiont may be capable of acclimating to anthropogenic-driven sublethal environmental stress via a re-accommodation of its associated bacterial community. This sheds a new light on the potential for resilience of some sponges to increasing surface seawater temperatures and associated projected regime shifts in coral reefs.
Incidence and Diversity of Torix Rickettsia–Odonata Symbioses
Authors: Thongprem Panupong , Davison Helen R. , Thompson David J. , Lorenzo-Carballa M. Olalla , Hurst Gregory D. D.
Published: August 2020

Heritable microbes are an important component of invertebrate biology, acting both as beneficial symbionts and reproductive parasites. Whilst most previous research has focussed on the ‘Wolbachia pandemic’, recent work has emphasised the importance of other microbial symbionts. In this study, we present a survey of odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) for torix group Rickettsia, following previous research indicating that this clade can be common in other aquatic insect groups. PCR assays were used to screen a broad range of odonates from two continents and revealed 8 of 76 species tested were infected with Rickettsia. We then conducted further deeper screening of UK representatives of the Coenagrionidae damselfly family, revealing 6 of 8 UK coenagrionid species to be positive for torix Rickettsia. Analysis of Rickettsia gene sequences supported multiple establishments of symbiosis in the group. Some strains were shared between UK coenagrionid species that shared mtDNA barcodes, indicating a likely route for mitochondrial introgression between sister species. There was also evidence of coinfecting Rickettsia strains in two species. FISH analysis indicated Rickettsia were observed in the ovarioles, consistent with heritable symbiosis. We conclude that torix Rickettsia represent an important associate of odonates, being found in a broad range of species from both Europe and South America. There is evidence that coinfection can occur, vertical transmission is likely, and that symbiont movement following hybridisation may underpin the lack of ‘barcoding gap’ between well-established species pairs in the genus. Future work should establish the biological significance of the symbioses observed.
On convergence of approximate solutions to the compressible Euler system
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Hofmanová Martina
Published: August 2020

We consider a sequence of approximate solutions to the compressible Euler system admitting uniform energy bounds and/or satisfying the relevant field equations modulo an error vanishing in the asymptotic limit. We show that such a sequence either (i) converges strongly in the energy norm, or (ii) the limit is not a weak solution of the associated Euler system. This is in sharp contrast to the incompressible case, where (oscillatory) approximate solutions may converge weakly to solutions of the Euler system. Our approach leans on identifying a system of differential equations satisfied by the associated turbulent defect measure and showing that it only has a trivial solution.