bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WEB-BASED REPRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA
Authors: Kuznetsov I. , Panidi E. , Korovka V. , Galkin V. , Voronov D.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In 2019–2020, we conducted a set of case studies devoted to the investigation and design of a methodology for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious disease. The studies were conducted for the administrative territory of St. Petersburg city (Russia), and were based upon the medical statistics data collected and accounted by St. Petersburg medical administration. The statistics included data on tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis infection. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized. GIS-based MDMS prototype was developed upon the QGIS software.Moving forward in the previously formed study direction, now we are working on MDMS interface redesigning to facilitate its usability. Current activities are focussed on incorporation of the Web interface into previously developed MDMS prototype. The paper discusses development of the Web GIS interface prototype, and poses feature research and development aims. First feedback collected from medicals makes it possible to pose a Web-GIS-based MDMS as more flexible and easy to use, in comparison to the desktop-GIS-based.
Increased flow rate of hyperpolarized aqueous solution for dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging achieved by an open Fabry–Pérot type microwave resonator
Authors: Fedotov Alexey , Kurakin Ilya , Fischer Sebastian , Vogl Thomas , Prisner Thomas F. , Denysenkov Vasyl
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A continuous flow dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) employing the Overhauser effect at ambient temperatures can be used among other methods to increase sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hyperpolarized
state of water protons can be achieved by flowing aqueous liquid through a
microwave resonator placed directly in the bore of a 1.5 T MRI magnet. Here
we describe a new open Fabry–Pérot resonator as DNP polarizer, which exhibits a larger microwave exposure volume for the flowing liquid in
comparison with a cylindrical TE013 microwave cavity. The
Fabry–Pérot resonator geometry was designed using quasi-optical theory and simulated by CST software. Performance of the new polarizer was tested
by MRI DNP experiments on a TEMPOL aqueous solution using a blood-vessel
phantom. The Fabry–Pérot resonator revealed a 2-fold larger DNP enhancement with a 4-fold increased flow rate compared to the cylindrical
microwave resonator. This increased yield of hyperpolarized liquid allows
MRI applications on larger target objects.
Reconciling the surface temperature–surface mass balance relationship in models and ice cores in Antarctica over the last 2 centuries
Authors: Cavitte Marie G. P. , Dalaiden Quentin , Goosse Hugues , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Thomas Elizabeth R.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ice cores are an important record of the past surface mass balance
(SMB) of ice sheets, with SMB mitigating the ice sheets' sea level
impact over the recent decades. For the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS),
SMB is dominated by large-scale atmospheric circulation, which
collects warm moist air from further north and releases it in the form
of snow as widespread accumulation or focused atmospheric rivers on
the continent. This suggests that the snow deposited at the surface of
the AIS should record strongly coupled SMB and surface air temperature
(SAT) variations. Ice cores use δ18O as a proxy for SAT
as they do not record SAT directly. Here, using isotope-enabled
global climate models and the RACMO2.3 regional climate model, we
calculate positive SMB–SAT and SMB–δ18O annual
correlations over ∼90 % of the AIS. The high spatial
resolution of the RACMO2.3 model allows us to highlight a number of
areas where SMB and SAT are not correlated, and we show that wind-driven
processes acting locally, such as foehn and katabatic effects, can
overwhelm the large-scale atmospheric contribution in SMB and SAT
responsible for the positive SMB–SAT annual correlations. We focus in
particular on Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, where the ice
promontories clearly show these wind-induced effects. However, using
the PAGES2k ice core compilations of SMB and δ18O of
Thomas et al. (2017) and Stenni et al. (2017), we obtain a
weak annual correlation, on the order of 0.1, between SMB and
δ18O over the past ∼150 years. We obtain an
equivalently weak annual correlation between ice core SMB and the SAT
reconstruction of Nicolas and Bromwich (2014) over the past ∼50 years, although the ice core sites are not spatially co-located
with the areas displaying a low SMB–SAT annual correlation in the
models. To resolve the discrepancy between the measured and modeled
signals, we show that averaging the ice core records in close spatial
proximity increases their SMB–SAT annual correlation. This increase
shows that the weak measured annual correlation partly results from
random noise present in the ice core records, but the change is not
large enough to match the annual correlation calculated in the
models. Our results thus indicate a positive correlation between SAT
and SMB in models and ice core reconstructions but with a weaker value
in observations that may be due to missing processes in models or some
systematic biases in ice core data that are not removed by a simple
average.
Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Arthur Jennifer F. , Stokes Chris R. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Carr J. Rachel , Leeson Amber A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Supraglacial lakes (SGLs) enhance surface melting and can flex and
fracture ice shelves when they grow and subsequently drain, potentially
leading to ice shelf disintegration. However, the seasonal evolution of SGLs
and their influence on ice shelf stability in East Antarctica remains poorly
understood, despite some potentially vulnerable ice shelves having high
densities of SGLs. Using optical satellite imagery, air temperature data
from climate reanalysis products and surface melt predicted by a regional
climate model, we present the first long-term record (2000–2020) of seasonal
SGL evolution on Shackleton Ice Shelf, which is Antarctica's northernmost
remaining ice shelf and buttresses Denman Glacier, a major outlet of the
East Antarctic Ice Sheet. In a typical melt season, we find hundreds of SGLs
with a mean area of 0.02 km2, a mean depth of 0.96 m and a mean total
meltwater volume of 7.45×106 m3. At their most extensive, SGLs
cover a cumulative area of 50.7 km2 and are clustered near to the
grounding line, where densities approach 0.27 km2 km−2. Here,
SGL development is linked to an albedo-lowering feedback associated with
katabatic winds, together with the presence of blue ice and exposed rock.
Although below-average seasonal (December–January–February, DJF)
temperatures are associated with below-average peaks in total SGL area and
volume, warmer seasonal temperatures do not necessarily result in higher SGL
areas and volumes. Rather, peaks in total SGL area and volume show a much
closer correspondence with short-lived high-magnitude snowmelt events. We
therefore suggest seasonal lake evolution on this ice shelf is instead more
sensitive to snowmelt intensity associated with katabatic-wind-driven
melting. Our analysis provides important constraints on the boundary
conditions of supraglacial hydrology models and numerical simulations of ice
shelf stability.
Image Classification of Marine-Terminating Outlet Glaciers using
Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Marochov Melanie , Stokes Chris R. , Carbonneau Patrice E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A wealth of research has focused on elucidating the key controls on mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets in response to climate forcing, specifically in relation to the drivers of marine-terminating outlet glacier change. Despite the burgeoning availability of medium resolution satellite data, the manual methods traditionally used to monitor change in satellite imagery of marine-terminating outlet glaciers are time-consuming and can be subjective, especially where mélange exists at the terminus. Recent advances in deep learning applied to image processing have created a new frontier in the field of automated delineation of glacier termini. However, at this stage, there remains a paucity of research on the use of deep learning for pixel-level semantic image classification of outlet glacier environments. In this contribution, we apply and test a two-phase deep learning approach based on a well-established convolutional neural network (CNN) called VGG16 for automated classification of Sentinel-2 satellite images. The novel workflow, termed CNN-Supervised Classification (CSC), was originally developed for fluvial settings but is adapted here to produce multi-class outputs for test imagery of glacial environments containing marine-terminating outlet glaciers in eastern Greenland. Results show mean F1 scores up to 95 % for in-sample test imagery and 93 % for out-of-sample test imagery, establishing a state-of-the-art in classification of marine-terminating glacial environments with significant improvements over traditional pixel-based methods such as band ratio techniques. This demonstrates the transferability and robustness of the deep learning workflow for automated classification despite the complex and seasonally variable characteristics of the imagery. Future research could focus on the integration of deep learning classification workflows with platforms such as Google Earth Engine, to more efficiently classify imagery and produce datasets for a range of glacial applications without the need for substantial prior experience in coding or deep learning.
Narrativas y emociones: El intercambio de conocimiento como emoción secundaria
Authors: Belli Simone , Broncano Fernando , Lopez Cristian
Published: November 2020

Nuestro objetivo es examinar por qué la confianza puede ser considerada como una emoción secundaria y cómo ésta se aborda de diferente manera en un contexto estético u ordinario, lo cual proporciona otro modo de investigar las emociones secundarias. Nuestra tesis se desarrolla en tres secciones y una conclusión. En la primera sección, hemos desarrollado ejemplos y hecho observaciones a modo de análisis para probar por qué las narrativas son importantes para nuestras emociones secundarias. En la segunda sección, hemos examinado por qué la confianza puede ser considerara como una emoción secundaria así como establecer un criterio para identificarla como tal. En la tercera sección, presentamos una de las funciones de la confianza, el intercambio de conocimiento entre agentes, cuando se comparte conocimiento en un proceso epistémico con otros. Hemos comprobado que la construcción de la relación entre sujetos y objetos se produce mayoritariamente gracias a la confianza. Una emoción secundaria que representa lazos afectivos entre sujetos para acceder a una emoción primaria.
Elementos para una crítica general de la propiedad: el trabajo inmaterial y la construcción económica de la escasez
Authors: Fazio Ariel
Published: November 2020

Teniendo como punto de partida la contraposición entre dos principales definiciones de lo económico, una formal y otra material o sustantiva, y en un contexto de nuevos cercamientos sobre la naturaleza y la cultura, se retoman las conceptualizaciones tradicionales de la propiedad privada para confrontarlas con la tendencia contemporánea hacia una creación artificial de escasez en la producción inmaterial. Desde aquí, se propone discutir las nociones tradicionales sobre la propiedad privada y su relación con la definición de lo económico, con el objetivo de proveer elementos conceptuales que puedan contribuir a un análisis crítico de la propiedad en tanto que institución social.
Conveying the Point of Telling a Story in First-Person Narratives
Authors: Ju Hee
Published: November 2020

This study explores how Korean speakers organize sequential events of personal experience and convey the point of the stories using the clausal connectives and other multimodal resources including grammar, prosody, and body movements. In line with studies considering -te- as an evidential marker (Kwon, 2012; Lee, 2011), the results of this study support previous findings that the distribution of clausal connectives -teni and -ess-teni is correlated between the third-person and the first-person subjects, respectively (Song 2011a, 2011b, 2013). A closer look at the syntactic construction in the context of personal stories indicates that the main clauses of -teni and -ess-teni tend to describe third-person subjects' actions portrayed in certain ways that elicit the recipient's affiliation. This study suggests that the connectives are used for a distancing strategy while describing past events from an observer's perspective while signposting the descriptions of upcoming events as highly tellable and pertinent to the point of the stories. This study aims to show how -teni and -ess-teni may be taught to develop learners' narrative competence in organizing the temporality of sequential events to heighten listeners' involvement.
The Openings and Closings in Student-to-Professor E-mails of Korean as a Foreign Language Students and KNS Students
Authors: Yoon Sang-Seok , Yoo Jeehae
Published: November 2020

E-mail is one of the most popular communication methods between students and instructors in a college setting, and it is necessary for a Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) learner to be able to communicate through e-mail politely and appropriately in Korean. Previous research (e.g., Ko, 2018; Shim, 2013; Yoon & Lee, 2011) has pointed out that KFL learners were not able to use appropriate politeness strategies in writing e-mails, revealing their incompetencies in pragmatics. In this paper, we examine e-mails written by KFL and Korean Native Speakers (KNS) students, focusing on their strategies in the openings and closings. The data showed that KFL students' e-mails generally focus on the meaning of the message and do not follow a format that is appropriate between a student and an instructor in written Korean communication. This study suggests that raising students' awareness on intercultural differences between their L1 and Korean, and learning about pragmatic features, will help them to communicate through e-mail more successfully.
A Perception Study of the Korean Sibilant Fricatives in Seoul and Daegu Dialects
Authors: Cheon Sang-Yee
Published: November 2020

This study examines perceptual variations of the Korean sibilant fricatives /s/ and /s*/ in Seoul and Daegu dialects by Seoul and North Gyeongsang speakers. It is well known that speakers of the North and South Gyeongsang dialects have difficulty differentiating the Korean contrast /s-s*/ in either production or perception, or both. It is also widely known that younger Gyeongsang speakers are better able to distinguish the contrast /s-s*/ because of their constant exposure to Standard Korean.1 In order to explore the dialectal variations, Korean sibilant fricative stimuli were produced in three different vowel contexts, in both initial and intervocalic positions, by young adults from Seoul and Daegu. Results of statistical analyses indicate that young North Gyeongsang speakers were able to distinguish /s/ and /s*/ in the Seoul dialect. However, in the Daegu dialect, there were some complex interactions in the perception of these fricatives by both Seoul and North Gyeongsang speakers. In order to engage in further analysis and to reach concrete conclusions through extensive comparison, it is essential to examine the relationship between production and perception of different dialects, as well as the dialectal variations between them.
Rhetoric by Accident
Authors: Stormer Nathan
Published: November 2020

This essay presents a concept of rhetoric by accident, which understands accidents in regard to the materiality of affection (i.e., the condition of being affected) and in regard to the unconditioned rhetoricity of affectability. The concept of accidental rhetoric put forth depends on the ontological condition of openness, so first affect is stipulated in relation to the porousness of material life to explain the inevitability of affection and provide the basis for understanding rhetoric by accident. Then the accident is defined in alignment with material openness. Rather than consider accidents in terms of human control over contingencies, accidents are defined by the contingency of purposiveness to affection. That affect occurs without purpose means that beings experience rhetoric without a plan (i.e., by accident). The essay then considers how rhetoric by accident is part of any particular rhetoric's existence, namely as a horizon of evolution and diversification for rhetoric.
Developments in Dissociation: Past Contexts, Present Applications, Future Implications
Authors: Anderson Amy K. , Camper Martin
Published: November 2020

Dissociation is considered by many to be Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's most innovative and significant contribution to rhetorical theory. Currently on display in American debates over racial justice and public health, dissociation is a nuanced process of conceptual reconfiguration. After exploring how dissociation figures in these debates, the introduction summarizes how scholars over the years have extended and complicated the concept. The introduction then identifies key gaps in scholarship that are addressed by the articles included in this special section, including dissociation's philosophical genesis, its linguistic manifestations, its structural possibilities, and its role in comedic discourse.
A Theory of Fan-Type Dissociation
Authors: Camper Martin
Published: November 2020

One of the most important developments in twentieth-century rhetorical theory is Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's insight that concepts, when under strain, can be split or dissociated into two separate terms. Not a simple binary, these terms remain interconnected in a value hierarchy with one term serving as the normative frame for the other. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca theorize that either term can be dissociated further, producing a fan-type dissociation. Unlike ordinary dissociations, fan-types place three or more terms in hierarchical relationship, resulting in unique rhetorical features. Fanning a dissociation can serve three basic rhetorical functions: purging undesirable elements, preserving less undesirable elements from total devaluation, and purifying desirable elements. Building on these basic functions, rhetors can perform complex rhetorical actions, from intensifying a dissociation's values to completely undoing a dissociation. Long ignored by theorists and critics, fan-types complicate our understanding of dissociation, argumentation, and value-based reasoning, and therefore deserve more scholarly attention.
O Tribunal de Contas da União é um órgão político?
Authors: Cabral Flávio Garcia
Published: November 2020

O artigo busca investigar se o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) pode ser enxergado ou não como um órgão político. Há uma divergência entre a adjetivação que se confere ao TCU, ora sendo denominado de órgão técnico, ora de órgão político. O trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o caráter político do Tribunal, abordando-se três aspectos diferenciados: a composição dos membros do TCU; a função exercida pela Corte; a influência externa sofrida sobre suas atribuições e a exercida pelo TCU nos processos legislativos. Para a realização do paper, utiliza-se o método de abordagem indutivo, possuindo natureza descritiva e exploratória quanto aos fins e bibliográfica e documental em relação aos meios. Ao final, observa-se que a compreensão do TCU como órgão político depende justamente do critério utilizado. Deste modo, conclui-se que: a) no que tange ao corpo de Ministros do TCU, a Constituição não impede, tampouco fomenta que o Tribunal figure como político; contudo, a prática demonstra que se constitui como político, prevalecendo nomeações com esse caráter; b) quando se pauta pela função exercida, o TCU não é político; c) em relação à influência externa sofrida em alguma de suas atribuições, bem como a que exerce no processo legislativo, o TCU figura como órgão político.
Autorização para uso de medicamentos com princípios ativos proscritos no Brasil
Authors: Gabardo Emerson , Cabral Rodrigo Maciel
Published: November 2020

O trabalho visa à análise da possibilidade de se obter autorização para uso de medicamentos que possuem como princípio ativo substâncias proscritas no Brasil. Por meio de pesquisa em material bibliográfico interdisciplinar, legislação e julgados, esta análise abarca desde a evolução histórica do uso medicinal de substâncias proibidas até mesmo proposta concreta para que se possa utilizar tais medicamentos apesar da atual proibição com reprimenda criminal. Começa-se a revisitar tais proibições de substratos e reconhecer a possibilidade de utilização de novos medicamentos, como ocorreu com o canabidiol: a substância anteriormente de uso proibido, hoje já foi retirada deste rol, com a criação de procedimento administrativo para sua importação por intermédio de análise da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Assim, analisa-se a concessão destes medicamentos pela via administrativa, pelo enfoque legislativo e também judicial. No caso em questão, analisa-se igualmente a proposta de critérios formulada no julgamento da Repercussão Geral nº 500, para medicamentos sem registro da ANVISA. A concessão de autorização deve observar à comprovação da necessidade do tratamento e a constatação da eficácia do medicamento, objetivando a consolidação do direito fundamental à saúde e à vida sob uma perspectiva não tradicional, para pacientes que precisam dos medicamentos com princípios ativos proibidos no Brasil.
The Vagina Monologues in a Chinese Context: Discussing the Value of the Localized Adaptations
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan
Published: November 2020

The silence around female genitalia and sexuality is a prevalent phenomenon with grave implications. Eve Ensler, an American playwright, wrote the famous Vagina Monologues to combat such issues and aim to end violence against women. While Ensler’s play is popular on a global scale, the localized versions inspired by Ensler are also emerging in various regions. A Chinese feminist organization, The Vagina Project, has created their own script and organized several localized performances in the past few years. A close analysis of one of the scripts written by the Vagina Project demonstrates that the localized versions of The Vagina Monologues, though less paid attention to, are effective in creating connections with the audience. Being attuned to the regional feminist differences allows the play to be more powerful and thoughtful when presented to the audience.
Student Wellbeing in the Teaching and Learning Environment: A Study Exploring Student and Staff Perspectives
Authors: Riva Elena , Freeman Rebecca , Schrock Lauren , Jelicic Victoria , Ozer Cameron-Tosh , Caleb Ruth
Published: November 2020

Internationally and in the UK universities are facing a crisis of student wellbeing. In this context, it is important to research the impact of the teaching and learning environment and experiences, including the relationships between students and staff, on student wellbeing. While separate pieces of research on students’ wellbeing have addressed student and teacher perspectives on the role of learning experiences, we identified an opportunity to address the perspectives of both students and staff, including non-academics, in the same study. This study advances work on student wellbeing, recognising an interdependency between staff and student wellbeing. It adds to current research in identifying student-centred learning and assessment, intercultural awareness, international integration, and emotional intelligence as enablers of positive student wellbeing. The findings of this research also demonstrate the crucial role of the teacher-student relationship in impacting students’ (and staff) wellbeing and suggest solutions and areas for development that reflect the complexity of the Higher Education environment in which they are located.
Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Using Smartphone Applications in Enhancing Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Al-Sofi Bakr Bagash Mansour Ahmed
Published: November 2020

The normalization of mobile technology has given rise to mobile devices that are increasingly becoming effective learning platforms. This study explores Saudi learners’ perceptions about the application and effectiveness of smartphone applications (apps) in enhancing their vocabulary acquisition. It also examines the factors that might affect their perceptions of smartphone apps' potential role in vocabulary building. An online questionnaire and the researcher’s observation were employed to elicit the data from 270 English majoring students at the University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. SPSS and NVivo software programs were used to analyze the data. The overall findings revealed that respondents have positive perceptions of the effectiveness of smartphone apps in advancing vocabulary acquisition as they have a transformational role in providing them exposure to sufficient vocabulary input. It was also found that the two factors of familiarity with the apps' use and age affected respondents’ perceptions of the apps effective role in vocabulary acquisition. Other factors of gender, possessing smartphones, college, educational level, frequency of using the smartphone apps, and the hours spent surfing the apps did not affect respondents’ perceptions of the apps effective role in vocabulary acquisition. Hence, it is recommended that teachers and educational policymakers should encourage students to use their free time in accessing smartphone apps to enhance their vocabulary. Program designers should also consider users’ learning needs.
Irrational use of alendronate sodium by the elderly
Authors: Alvim Camila Pereira , Figueiredo Roberta Carvalho , Sousa Camila Tavares , Silva Ricardo Augusto dos Santos , Ferreira Samira Moreira , Guidoni Camilo Molino , Obreli-Neto Paulo Roque , Baldoni André Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The effectiveness and safety of alendronate sodium are dependent on patient adherence to very specific guidelines regarding use. This study aims to estimate the rational use of alendronate sodium in the elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a structured questionnaire containing form of use and occurrence of adverse events related to alendronate sodium. The patients were recruited in their own homes. Rational use was considered as being the participants who: a) took the tablet in the morning; b) were fasting; c) waited at least 30 minutes before eating; d) ingested with a full glass of water; e) ingested the whole tablet; f) and remained in the orthostatic position for at least 30 minutes after use. Additionally, the odds ratio (OR) was used to analyze the association between the irrational use of alendronate sodium and the independent variables. Results and Discussion: Of the 248 participants in the study, most of the participants administered the medication in the morning (95.2%), with fasting (89.1%), waited at least 30 minutes to eat the first meal of the day (87.9%), and were in the orthostatic position until the time of the first meal (78.6%), but less than half ingested the tablet with a full glass of water (43.6%). Rational use of the medication was observed in only 30.7% of the participants. Regarding possible adverse events, 13.3% of the participants reported some event. Among the most prevalent were dry cough (6.5%), stomach pain (5.2%) and some throat discomfort (4.8%). The irrational use of this medication is associated with age and education level. Conclusion: The prevalence of irrational use of alendronate sodium in the elderly is high, and this use is associated with patients’ sociodemographic factors.
Politische Soziologie
Authors: Holzer Boris
Published: November 2020

Political sociology examines politics as a part of society. It poses the question of how political phenomena are related to other social structures and to what extent they are enabled and shaped by them. Political problems arise in all societies, but only in the course of societal development does a political system emerge that specialises in the preparation, legitimisation and implementation of collectively binding decisions. Despite its great importance for the self-description of modern society, politics must acknowledge that its influence is limited. The sociology of politics, the foundations of which are presented in the second edition of this book in a concise and easily understandable manner, provides the conceptual means with which to understand the historical development of politics and its position in modern society better.
Rechtsverhältnisse und Aufsichtspflichten in Kindertagesstätten
Authors: von Langen Tanja
Published: November 2020

Die Praxis der Frühpädagogik steht derzeit wieder einmal vor großen Herausforderungen. Immer mehr und immer jüngere Kinder werden immer länger betreut. Viele von ihnen haben Migrations- oder Inklusionshintergrund. Erzieher*innen müssen in Zukunft mehr denn je in der Lage sein, die organisatorischen und institutionellen Zusammenhänge ihres professionellen Handelns mitzubedenken und prozessorientiert umzusetzen.

Hier setzt der Ratgeber an: Er vermittelt praxisnah und leicht verständlich die vielfältigen Rechtskenntnisse, ohne die Erzieher*innen heute in ihrer facettenreichen Arbeit vor Ort nicht mehr handeln sollten; so knapp wie möglich, jedoch stets so detailliert und anwenderorientiert wie nötig.
Der Titel stützt die steigenden Anforderungen an die Qualität professionellen Könnens von Erzieher*innen und nicht zuletzt die bewusste Herausbildung und Optimierung institutioneller Handlungsqualität.
Fachkräfte müssen in Zukunft mehr denn je darin bewandert sein, die organisatorischen und institutionellen Zusammenhänge ihres professionellen Handelns differenziert mitzubedenken und prozessorientiert umzusetzen. Das Buch hilft, dieser Herausforderung gerecht zu werden und gibt das Wissen der maßgeblichen rechtlichen und organisatorischen Abläufe. Es trägt zum Finden des eigenen – stets ganz individuellen und authentischen – Wegs bei, mit Organisationen, Institutionen und Gremien und deren jeweiligen Eigengesetzlichkeiten selbstbestimmt umzugehen.

Rechtsanwältin Tanja von Langen schreibt seit vielen Jahren für verschiedene renommierte frühpädagogische Fachzeitschriften praxisorientierte Rechtsbeiträge. Sie ist Lehrbeauftragte für Recht und Organisation im Ausbildungsgang zur staatlich anerkannten Erzieherin sowie Dozentin in zahlreichen Aus- und Weiterbildungsseminaren.
Armed Reprisals from Medieval Times to 1945
Authors: Wampach Christophe
Published: November 2020

Wie ist es zu erklären, dass sich die bewaffneten Repressalien den Normierungsbemühungen seit dem 19. Jh. entzogen, während diese nicht-kriegerische Maßnahme ein sensibles Thema im Völkerrecht darstellte? Ausgehend vom mittelalterlichen Repressalienrecht und seiner schwindenden Geltung in der Neuzeit beweist die Untersuchung, dass die Großmächte diese Gewaltanwendung in Friedenszeiten zum Privileg machten und sie in einer völkerrechtlichen Grauzone beließen. Dies ermöglichte es, militärische Repressalienhandlungen gegen kleine Staaten durchzuführen, ohne die Folgen eines formellen Krieges zu tragen. Die Arbeit erläutert die zögerliche Haltung der Rechtslehre und zeigt, warum der Völkerbund in dem Versuch scheiterte, dieses Problem zu lösen.
The Relationship Between Defense Mechanisms and Nurses’ Occupational Burnout: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Elyasi Forouzan , Hosseininejad Seyed Mohammad , Islami Parkoohi Parisa , Kamali Mahsa , Azizi Marzieh , Karimi Negar , Mohseni Moalemkolae Najibeh , Ghajar Maryam
Published: November 2020

Background: Occupational burnout is a psychological syndrome that occurs in response to chronic stress in the workplace. Nowadays, it is known as one of the most important consequences of occupational stress. Defense mechanisms may also affect occupational burnout. Objectives: Since burnout is an important factor influencing the productivity of nurses, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the defense mechanisms and occupational burnout among nurses in the educational hospitals of an urban area in Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 318 nurses who had at least one-year of work experience in four educational hospitals in Sari city, Iran, in 2018. Sampling was performed using the proportional stratified sampling method. The data were collected by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale, psychological Defense Styles questionnaire (DSQ-40), and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the SPSS software V.20. Results: A total of 318 nurses were studied, 13 (4.1%) of the nurses had a burnout. The mean score of the dimension of emotional exhaustion (EE) was 17.49, in the dimension of depersonalization (DP) it was 5.42, and in the dimension of personal achievement (PA) it was 31.58. They indicated a low level of occupational burnout, and the mean scores of FE, DP, and PA subscales indicated a low level of occupational burnout. The use of more mature defense mechanisms had a significant negative correlation with the increase of the EE score (rho = -0.210, P < 0.001), but no significant relationship was reported with other aspects of burnout. Increased use of immature defense mechanisms had a direct correlation with the increase in the score of DP (rho = 0.255 and P < 0.001), but had a significant inverse relationship with the PA score (rho = -0.238 and P < 0.001) and no significant relationship with EE (P = 0.627). No significant relationship was found between the use of neurotic defense mechanisms and burnout dimensions (PEE = 0.119, PDP = 0.174, and PPA = 0.127). Conclusions: Since there is a significant relationship between defense mechanisms and occupational burnout, using the components of defense mechanisms in job interviews can lead to choosing appropriate nurses to perform different tasks in different settings, in accordance with individual and psychological characteristics. Also, teaching problem-solving skills, stress management, and useful information can improve defense mechanisms, nurses’ job performance, and patient satisfaction.
Prevalence of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Urinary Tract Infection in Children with and without Urolithiasis
Authors: Yousefichaijan Parsa , Safi Fatemeh , Rezagholizamenjany Masoud , Safari Mino , Shariatmadari Fakhreddin
Published: November 2020

Background: Vesicourethral reflux (VUR) is a common urinary tract disorder in children, which may be associated with urolithiasis. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate vesicoureteral reflux in children with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 130 children younger than 10 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) are investigated. The demographic information and clinical status of all participants were recorded. Ultrasonography was performed for all children, and they were divided into two groups of 65 subjects based on the results: group 1, children with UTI+stone; and group 2, children with UTI+ non-stone. All children received Voiding Cystourethrogram to evaluate Vesicourethral reflux. Results: The mean age of participants was 7.48 ± 3.2 years, and 68 (52.7%) of them were male. Also, VUR was observed in 33 (25.38%) cases. The frequency of reflux in the UTI + stone group was 21 (32.3%), which was significantly higher than the other group (12 cases, or 18.46%) (P = 0.011). However, the association between UTI and stone (P = 0.3, CC = -0.01) was not significant. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant correlation between urinary tract stones and VUR in children with urinary tract infections. It is recommended to investigate the presence of stone or VUR in children suffering from any of the described disorders.
Kariérová adaptabilita
Authors: Hlaďo Petr , Kvasková Lucia , Hloušková Lenka , Lazarová Bohumíra , Ježek Stanislav , Juhaňák Libor , Macek Petr , Daňsová Petra , Gottfried Jaroslav , Palíšek Petr , Rečka Karel , Šašinka Václav
Published: November 2020

Living in today’s rushed time full of various changes increases the demands on the individual’s ability to adapt to these changes. Career adaptability plays an important role in coping with changing demands in the field of work. What is career adaptability? Why is it important, and what does it affect? The answers to these questions and many others are provided in the monograph, entitled “Career adaptability: Its Forms, Changes, Contexts, and Roles in the Lives of Young Adults Undergoing Upper-Secondary Vocational Education,” which is the first publication written on this topic in the Czech language. In the book, a team of authors presents the construct of career adaptability and the results of unique research carried out in the Czech Republic. In the first part, the reader may find an analytical overview of various concepts of career adaptability and related concepts. The central part of the publication is devoted to the results of quantitatively conducted longitudinal research, which aimed to identify career adaptability and its relationships to several demographic, school, relational, and personality variables in the case of students and later graduates of upper-secondary vocational education—those who are in the crucial stages of their career construction. Many empirical findings concentrated in this book are beneficial not only for the career counseling theories and research on career adaptability but also for vocational education or career counseling practitioners.
NEW CCD TIMES OF MINIMA OF ECCENTRIC ECLIPSING BINARY SYSTEMS IN 2017-2019
Authors: Jeong M.-J. , Kim C.-H. , Song M.-H. , Sung E.-C. , Park J.-H. , Han K.-Y. , Jeong T.-S. , Han C.
Published: November 2020

We present 88 times of minima for 56 eccentric eclipsing binary systems determined from photometric observations at the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomical Observatory (SOAO) in Republic of Korea from February 2017 to December 2019.
A Research Over The Relationship Between Fast Food Consumption And Consumer’s Values and Lifestyles in Turkey
Authors: YILDIRIM Figen , ÇENGEL Özgür
Published: November 2020

In the emergence of globalization, fast food industry has become an important focus of study in today’s business models.In this sense, food industry has been reshaped and eating cultures have changed. Companies in the food industry responded to this change as an attempt to offer standardized products by meeting the ever-changing consumer needs and wants. To a higher justification, fast food is initiated to be classified in terms of a system, company, or a product which offers a set menu with a key focus on low cost and standardized products sold worldwide at high quality standards. By looking at cross cultural studies, it is known that the industry has roots in the Americanism and change of eating habits along with cultural transformation process. On the other hand, wellness concept is on the rise putting the primary focus on healthy food even though it is quickly made and served. Besides, with respect to changes in needs and wants, consumer’s lifestyles are changed that effect consumer’s choices. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the relationship between the factors having an impact on fast food preferences and values & lifestyles of university students by taking into consideration the main aspects cited in literature.
GPU Hızlandırmalı Veri Demetleme Algoritmalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇETİN Nazire Merve , HACIÖMEROĞLU Murat
Published: November 2020

Veri demetleme algoritmaları, arama; spam, saldırı tespiti; hücre, gen, doküman analizi; moleküler dinamik simülasyonlarının biçimlerinin analizi gibi uygulamalar için oldukça önemlidirler. Veri demetleme algoritmaları için birçok araç geliştirilmiştir; ancak günümüzde teknolojinin hızla gelişmesiyle toplanan veri miktarı git gide artmaktadır. Veri miktarının artması, analizin neticesini olumlu etkilese de mevcut veri demetleme araçları, büyük-ölçekli veri kümeleriyle çalışan uygulamaların gereksinimlerini hız bakımından karşılayamaz hale gelmişlerdir. Veri demetlemede hızın rolü, veri madenciliği araştırma topluluğunun bir süredir ilgi alanındadır. Araştırmacılar, çeşitli optimizasyon tekniklerinden, veri yapısı tasarımlarından, CPU'da paralelleştirme tekniklerinden ve PC küme sistemi kullanımı gibi yöntemlerden yararlanmaktadırlar. Fakat son zamanlarda düşük maliyet ile yüksek performans sunan yeni bir yaklaşım tüm ilgiyi üzerine çekmiştir: Genel Amaçlı GPU Programlama GPGPU . GPU’ların yüksek paralel hesaplama gücü ve grafik kartlarındaki gelişimin CPU’ya oranla daha hızlı hızlanması, aslında grafik canlandırma ve oyunlar için yoğun matematiksel hesaplamalar yapmak üzere tasarlanan grafik kartlarından genel amaçlı programlar için de yararlanmayı söz konusu hale getirmiştir. Bu makalede, GPGPU yaklaşımıyla veri demetleme algoritmalarının performansını artıran çalışmalar incelenmiş, özetlenmiş, avantajlarından ve eksik yanlarından bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu yaklaşımının üstünlüğü göz önünde bulundurularak konuyla ilgili bilime katkı sağlanabilecek açık alanlar verilmiş ve incelenen çalışmalardan elde edilen GPGPU yaklaşımıyla uygulama geliştirirken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ortaya konulmuştur
Vertebra Lomber Disklerde Meydana Gelen Bozulmaların Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG) ile Analizi
Authors: ÇOBAN BUDAK Esra , BOZKURT Mehmet Recep
Published: November 2020

Günümüzde bel rahatsızlıkları kalp rahatsızlığı şikayetlerinden sonra, ikinci sırada yer alan bir sağlık sorunudur. Bel rahatsızlıklarının tedavisinde dinlenmeden, cerrahi operasyona kadar geniş yelpazeli bir tedavi süreci uygulanmakta olup, bu tedavi süreçlerinin neden olduğu iş gücü kaybı oldukça yüksektir. Bel rahatsızlığının seviyesine ilişkin tespit, uzman doktor tarafından yapılan fizik muayene ve tıbbi görüntüleme tekniklerinden elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda elde edilmektedir. Bel rahatsızlıklarının tespitinde kullanılan en yaygın tıbbi görüntüleme tekniği olan Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme MRG tekniği, özellikle yumuşak doku incelemelerinde yüksek güvenilirlikte sonuçlar vermektedir. Çalışmada hastanın durumu hakkında karar verme aşamasında uzman doktora yardımcı olabilecek bir karar ağacı yapısının oluşturulması hedeflenmiş ve hastaların risk durumlarına göre tedavi yöntemlerinin belirlenebileceği ön görülmüştür. Bu amaçla, tam teşekküllü bir kamu sağlık kuruluşundan elde edilen veriler çerçevesinde bir karar modeli oluşturulmuş ve her bir bel omuru için bu model ID3 karar ağacı algoritması ile uygulanarak, karar ağacı yapıları çıkarılmıştır.
Dijital Nesil, Dijital İletişim ve Dijitalleşen (!) Türkçe
Authors: KARAHİSAR Tüba
Published: November 2020

Sosyologların kuşakları; X,Y,Z olarak bölümlendirmesiyle birlikte aslında bu bölümlendirmenin iletişim araçlarının etkileşimliliğine göre yapıldığı kanısı giderek güçlenmektedir. Zira Z kuşağı olarak adlandırılan dijital nesil, iletişim kanalı olarak interneti ve akıllı telefonları tercih etmeye başlamıştır. Küreselleşme ile birlikte İngilizce, dijital neslin kullandığı iletişim araçlarının başat dili olmuştur. Hızlı olma tutkusu, etkileşimsellik, hayatın diğer alanlarında Z kuşağını hızlı, tez canlı olmaya zorlarken dilde de kendisini hissettirmektedir. Öyle ki yazılan kelimelerden sesli harfler çıkarılmakta, konuşma dilindeki basit kelimeler kısaltılmakta, duygu durumları noktalama işaretlerinden oluşan ifadelerle anlatılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Ayrıca yarı Türkçe yarı İngilizce yazılan cümlelerin yanı sıra konuşma dilini olduğu gibi yazıya aktarma da Z kuşağı arasında giderek yaygınlaşmakta, hatta düzgün cümle kuranlar azınlıkta kalmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada yöntem olarak literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, özellikle forum siteleri ve sosyal paylaşım sitelerindeki yazışmalar da incelenmiştir.
Sanal Gerçeklik Ortamları ve Uygulamalar: Spor ve Sanal Ortam Göstergeleri
Authors: EKİN Volkan
Published: November 2020

Günümüzde gerçeklik imgesi ile sanallık imgesi sık tartışılan kavramlar olmuştur. Gerçeğin yansıması ya da “gerçekmiş” gibi yapılarak çeşitli uygulamalar gerçekleştirilmesi çoğu alanda gözlemlenmektedir. Gerçeğin göstergeleri ile “gerçekmiş” gibi aktarılan “şeylerin” göstergeleri farklı mıdır? Bu göstergelerin algılanmaları ve “gerçekmiş” gibi aktarılan dünyaların gerçek dünya göstergeleri ile bütünleşmesi ise gözlenen bir olgudur. Bu bağlamda, yeni medya teknolojileri ile yaratılan sanal ortamlarda yaşanan deneyimler, oluşturulan sanal dünyalar gerçek-gerçek olmayan karşıtlığını gözler önüne serse de, bu tür sanal dünyalar kimi alanlardaki uygulamalarla yaşamı da kolaylaştırmaktadır. Çalışmada örneğin; “robot göz” ya da simülasyon uygulamaları aracılığıyla teknolojik gelişmelerle yaratılan ve gerçek-sanal sınırını çizen, kimi zaman da sınırı aşan ortamlar, “spor etkinlikleri” bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Sporcuların performansları ve teknik özellikleri ile ilgili göstergeler, sanal ortama nasıl aktarıldığı; bu göstergeler anlamlandırıldıktan sonra, “gerçekte” nasıl bir iyileştirme ortamı yaratıldığı sorusunun yanıtı sorgulanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Eğitsel Sosyal Yazılımların Kabul ve Kullanımına Yönelik Bir Model
Authors: AKBIYIK Adem , COŞKUN Erman
Published: November 2020

İletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler ve günlük yaşama yansımaları interneti insanoğlunun en önemli ihtiyaçlarından biri haline getirmiştir. İnternet teknolojilerinin günümüzdeki en yaygın kullanımlarından biri sosyal yazılım araçları aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Sosyal yazılımların özellikle genç nesiller arasındaki popülaritesi, son yıllarda bu teknolojilerin eğitsel amaçlı kullanılabilirliğinin sorgulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin beklenti ve endişelerinden hareketle geliştirilen karma bir teknoloji kabul modelinin testi ile bu soruya cevap aramaktadır. Akbıyık ve Coskun 2012 , uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin sosyal yazılımları kullanma niyetlerini incelemek için bu teknolojiler ile ilgili endişe ve beklentileri literatürdeki mevcut teknoloji kabul modelleri ile entegre edilerek bir model önerisinde bulunmuş; ölçüm modelinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini test etmek adına açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri uygulamıştır. Bu çalışmada ise önerilen modelin yapısal geçerliliğinin testi yapısal eşitlik modellemesi tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi testleri neticesinde; önerilen model kullanma niyetinin %48’ini açıklamaktadır R2=,48 ki bu durum; sosyal yazılımlar hakkındaki beklentilerin etkileşim ve teknoloji katkısı ve endişelerin algılanan öğrenci bariyeri, algılanan öğretmen bariyeri ve yoğun teknoloji algılanan fayda ve algılanan kullanım kolaylığı aracılığı ile uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin kullanma niyetleri üzerinde güçlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisi olduğunu belirtmektedir.