bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutational Profile of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Induced and Non-HPV Induced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jenifer Michael Raj Minu , Antony Edwin Rodrigues Fenwick , Ramasamy Sivasamy
Published: April 2022

Head and Neck cancer accounts for approximately 900,000 cases and over 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. The primary risk factors associated with Head and Neck cancer include usage of tobacco, alcohol consumption, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Few subsites of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) are associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) while others remain non-associated. The anatomical, physiological, genetic, protein profile and epigenetic changes that occur in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC has been discussed in this chapter. The mutational profile plays a crucial role in the treatment of the HNSCC patients as the HPV-positive HNSCC patients have a better prognosis compared to the HPV-negative HNSCC patients. This chapter mainly focusses on the mutational profile of both HPV-associated and non-HPV associated HNSCC tumours.
Pain Identification in Electroencephalography Signal Using Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Asadpour Vahid , Fazel-Rezai Reza , Vatankhah Maryam , Akbarzadeh-Totonchi Mohammad-Reza
Published: April 2022

Diagnosing pain mechanisms is one of main approaches to improve clinical treatments. Especially, detection of existence and/or level of pain could be vital when oral information is not present for instant for neonates, disabled persons, anesthetized patients and animals. Various researches have been performed to originate and classify the pain; however, consistent results are surprising. The aim of this study is to show a strict relation between electroencephalography (EEG) features and perceptual pain levels and to clarify the relation of classified signal to pain origin. Cortical regions on scalp are assigned based on an evolutional method for optimized alignment of electrodes that improve the clinical monitoring results. The EEG signals are recorded during relax condition and variety of pain conditions. Evolutionary optimization method is used to reduce the features space dimension and computational costs. A hybrid adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and support vector machine (SVM) scheme is used for classification of pain levels. ANFIS optimizer is used to fine tune the non-linear alignment of kernels of SVM. The results show that pain levels could be differentiated with high accuracy and robustness even for few recording electrodes. The proposed classification method provides up to 95% accuracy.
Utilization of Implant Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors among Reproductive-Age Women in Ethiopia
Authors: Dessalegn Mekonnen Birye , Adugna Wubneh Chalachew
Published: April 2022

Implants are more effective, enable women to control their reproductive lives better, and are better options of contraception than other long-term family planning methods. Researches are required to provide up-to-date evidence for policymakers, and other stakeholders working on the family planning program in Ethiopia as the evidence from different studies conducted in Ethiopia on implants contraceptive method utilization was highly varied and not conclusive. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the magnitude of implant contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. A population-based cross-sectional study has conducted using secondary data analysis from the EDHS 2016. A total of 14,593 reproductive-age women participated in this study. The analysis was performed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of implant contraceptive methods utilization. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. The prevalence of implant contraceptive utilization among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia was 9.4% (95% CI: 8.8, 10.0). The results of multivariable logistic regression showed that marital status, place of residence, number of living children, history of a terminated pregnancy, husband desire for more children, decision making on contraceptive use, knowledge on contraceptives, discussed FP with the healthcare worker and heard family planning message on television were independent predictors of implants contraceptive use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. The study showed that the magnitude of implant contraceptive utilization among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia is very low as compared with the national 2020 plan. The finding of this study suggests any intervention strategy which is designed and being implemented to promote implants contraceptive method utilization should consider the aforementioned factors for its better success. Besides, the provision of quality counseling and information on FP, and women empowerment should be promoted so that women can freely decide on the type of contraceptive they would like to use. Moreover, emphasis should be given to rural women and no television access to implants contraceptive method utilization.
Characteristic Profiles of Heart Rate Variability in Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Shinba Toshikazu
Published: April 2022

This chapter on heart rate variability (HRV) presents a view based on our published data that HRV profiles in depression and anxiety show differences and can be used for the differentiation of these two disorders in clinical practices. Characteristic HRV profiles in depression and anxiety are revealed by measurements incorporating task load. Analysis of two frequency-domain HRV parameters, low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF), together with heart rate (HR) itself measured at rest (Rest), during the task load (Task), and at rest after the task (After) enables the evaluation of the autonomic regulation in response to behavioral changes with different stress levels. LF is the heart rate modulation related to blood pressure changes to stabilize circulation. HF is related to breathing rhythm and reflects parasympathetic activity. It has been indicated that LF, HF, their ratio LF/HF and HR in depression and anxiety show characteristic dysregulations during Rest, Task and After. These HRV profiles are useful for understanding the pathophysiology of the disorders.
Phytoremediatiation of Metal and Metalloid Pollutants from Farmland: An In-Situ Soil Conservation
Authors: Krishnasamy Selvanayaki , Lakshmanan Ramkumar , Ravichandran Mythili
Published: April 2022

Phytoremediation is an effective technology for in-situ remediation of high level polluted soils. Phytoremediation is a plant-mediated approach, which involves the use of plants to absorb and remove elemental pollutants or lower their concentration or bioavailability to soil. Plants have efficacy to absorb compounds in the soil even at low concentration through their root system. Plant root system has geotropism which helps them to extend into the soil matrix and hyper accumulate heavy metals to increase their bioavailability considerably and thereby the polluted soil is domesticated and the soil fertility is enhanced. The heavy-metal-resistant endophytes give the promising effect on plant growth, by decreasing metal phytotoxicity and affecting metal translocation and accumulation in plants. It is an eye opening for researches to implement the phytoremediation of organic contaminants through endophytes that produce various enzymes to metabolize organic contaminants and reduce both the phytotoxicity and evapotranspiration of volatile contaminants. Here, we focus on the most widely used phytoremediation strategies, phytostabilization, phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, and phytofiltration in the remediation of heavy metal-polluted soil.
Object Recognition and Tracking Using the Particle Estimator
Authors: Comas Edgardo , Stácul Adrián
Published: April 2022

In this chapter we describe the particle estimators and its effectiveness for tracking objects in video sequences. The particles estimators are specifically advantageous in transition state models and measurements, especially when these are non-linear and not Gaussian. Once the target object to follow has been identified (in position and size) its main characteristics are obtained using algorithms such as FAST, SURF, BRIEF or ORB. As the particle estimator is a recursive Bayesian estimator, where observations update the probability of validating a hypothesis, that is, they use all the available information to reduce the amount of uncertainty present in an inference or decision problem. Therefore, the main characteristics of the object to follow are those that will determine the probability of validating the hypothesis in the particle estimator. Finally, as an example, the application of a particle estimator is described in a real case of tracking an object in a sequence of infrared images.
After American exceptionalism: 21st century 'Thucydides trap'
Authors: Koljević-Griffith Bogdana
Published: April 2022

In the centre of this interdisciplinary investigation is the issue of primary political, philosophical and social foundations of the project of liberal hegemony - as well as real-political end of this discourse in the 21stcentury. The politics of interventionism and human rights is opposed to the politics of sovereignty in such a way that the structural difference between the 20th century Western elitism and the perspective of the multipolar world is the differentiation between hierarchical systems of power and politics of equality. The constitutive part of these processes is "the rebirth of history" through which a more just order is to be established and political consequences for the world will significantly depend on whether crypto-idealistic i.e., "Wilsonian school" will prevail in the USA. Therefore, the issue whether it is possible to avoid "Thucydides Trap" in the 21st century refers to the difference between "necessary America" and "independent America". Multipolarity as the basis of true multilateralism appears as a potentially new model for the implementation of the politics of sovereign equality.
The phenomenon of 'club booths' or the production of risky parties: Narrative analysis
Authors: Dragišić-Labaš Slađana
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the analysis of activities that take place in "new"1 booths, i.e., separate spaces in restaurants, clubs or rafts in Belgrade and other cities in Serbia that are booked and paid. We consider the behaviour of the actors (people in the booth) and of the audience (people who share the same space, but not the booths) from the viewpoint of Goffman's dramaturgy. As is the case with all other "valuable things" in the consumer society, in the booth one can also buy and exercise "power" for a couple of hours. We learn how this plays out by following six narratives of six people (now successful abstainers from alcohol, drugs and gambling) who describe their experience of the time they still actively consumed psychoactive substances or gambled. In the booths - a special space for acting, they felt more powerful, more important, braver, more respected, richer and more successful according to the standards of consumer society. In fact, as Ritzer (2012) has it, they spent time in a "non-place" devoid of real content. Their social identities, constructed by the values of such society, outside the booth (and without the support of the audience) became uncertain and disrupted, so that the "performers" felt anxious, dissatisfied and hopeless, which was another reason for consuming PAS.
A Critical Assessment of Contracting Strategies and Cycle Times of Post-2014 Sanctioned Floating Platforms in the US Gulf of Mexico
Authors: D'Souza Richard , Basu Shiladitya
Published: April 2022

Since 1986, about sixty Floating Production Systems (FPSs) have been installed in the US Gulf of Mexico (GoM). They include Spar, Semisubmersible, Tension Leg Platform (TLP) and Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platforms. They have been installed in water depths ranging from 500 m to 3,000 m, and production rates ranging from 40,000 boepd to 250,000 boepd. A floating production platform is a major capital investment of a deepwater field development and presents a significant execution challenge. An Operator that opts to install a floating platform for a greenfield development must select a platform type, decide on a contracting strategy and establish credible cycle times for the Appraise, Select, Define and Execute phases of the field development. In their 2021 OTC paper (OTC 31115) the authors undertook a critical assessment of ten major field developments in the GoM, that were sanctioned between 2006 and 2014. They included all four major platform types. A comprehensive database of the field developments including host platform particulars, concept selection, contracting strategies, major engineering, fabrication and installation contractors and cycle times for the four development phases was presented for each project. In the current paper the authors add to the prior body of work, conducting a similar assessment of the seven floating platforms (Appomattox, Argos, Vito, King’s Quay, Anchor, Whale and Shenandoah) that were sanctioned between 2015 and 2021. Taken together, the two papers provide the industry with its most comprehensive accounting of the evolution of GoM floating production platforms, development strategies and cycle times. This information will assist Operators and Development Planners plan and benchmark future GoM deepwater developments with a floating platform. Emerging trends in GoM field developments, following the collapse of oil prices in 2014, and the industry pivot to Energy Transition are also addressed.
Application of a Comprehensive Design Method to Counter-Rotating Propellers
Authors: Cha Kyungjung , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: April 2022

A comprehensive design method is applied to design of counter-rotating propellers (CRP). A numerical nonlinear optimization algorithm is first used for design of each propeller. This approach represents a blade by B-spline geometry and the design variables at the location of the vertices of the B-spline polygon determine the optimal blade shape. The nonlinear optimization method aims at minimizing the torque for a given target thrust with constraints, e.g. the minimum pressure constraint for a fully wetted propeller or maximum allowed cavity area for a cavitating propeller. Then the interaction of the designed propellers and a given pod including the viscous flow field around the two propellers is analyzed by coupling a vortex-lattice method (VLM) with a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. The analysis determines a new inflow for a new design of propellers. The procedure of the design and interaction analysis finishes when the propeller thrust converges within a certain tolerance. Finally, the designed propellers are compared with the original propellers.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Wave Characteristics on PTO of Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Hamada Ahmed A. , Rolen Abigail , McCullough William , Furth Mirjam
Published: April 2022

The ocean is currently an extremely large and under-developed source of renewable energy. The recent interest in the Blue Economy has led the scientific community to increase investigations in sustainable oceanic energy options, such as PointWave Energy Converters (WEC). These devices harvest the wave energy using the excited oscillatory motion of the buoy, which is connected to a Power Take-Off system (PTO). During the last decades, the development of these devices has been boosted but they are still behind other renewable energy technologies. The Furthlab at Texas A&M University has showed that the spheroid buoy shape with a low length to diameter ratio is a good candidate shape to extract wave energy, by testing different buoy shapes and aspect ratios at a non-linear Stokes-II wave generation. This paper is the next step in our research and numerically investigates the effect of changing the wave characteristics, such as amplitude, frequency, and speed, on the power-generating ability of the spheroid buoy system. Three-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations of the selected buoy were performed in OpenFOAM with the integration of a dynamic mesh module to handle the heave motion of the buoy. In addition, the PTO system was compensated with a forced oscillator mechanism of spring and damper. A comparison between the buoy’s displacement and frequency responses, and power efficiency showed the optimal operating sea state to maximize energy output using the spheroid WEC. The results conclude that the best wave conditions to maximize the power extraction efficiency using a spheroid buoy with a diameter of 1 m and length of 0.5 m are wave length greater than 4 m, wave height less than 0.15 m, and wave speed between 0.07 and 0.12 m/s.
Fatigue Assessment for Steel Lazy-Wave Risers (SLWR)
Authors: Liu Song , Yu Xiaochuan , Bhat Shankar , Wang Keith
Published: April 2022

Both in-place slug induced riser fatigue and VIV fatigue during pre-laid phases are investigated in this paper for steel lazy wave risers (SLWR) tied back to a deep draft semi-submersible in about 1100m water depth, as part of the full scale engineering study effort for lazy-wave riser design. These results are compared in parallel with fatigue contributions from WLF, VIM and VIV fatigue.

Dynamic analysis of risers is conducted including the effect of slugging with the vessel in its nominal position to eliminate environmental and vessel motion dynamic effects. Slugs are modelled as variation of mass and inertia, and centrifugal and Coriolis forces are included in the analysis. Rainflow counting method is used to calculate fatigue damage, which is similar to that used for wave loading fatigue analysis. Slug flow conditions are described in terms of lengths of slugs, slug velocity, slug frequency and duration, density of liquid slugs and/or gas bubbles over the field life and including the turn-down and start-up phases and late service life. Analysis results show that the slug fatigue damage contribution for lazy-wave risers can be significantly higher than that for conventional SCRs and it even could play a governing contribution for the buoyancy section.

In-plane VIV fatigue is investigated for SLWR in wet parked phase with long-term current bins used in the analysis, which is from in-field measurement data. It is found that the riser wet park VIV fatigue analysis can be significant depending on the current profiles, hog bend height and the lay tension.
La intolerancia a la incertidumbre, la tendencia a experimentar preocupaciones y el pesimismo como factores intervinientes en la relación entre la dependencia emocional y la violencia
Authors: Momeñe López Janire , Estevez Ana , Pérez-García Ana María , Maguregi Andere
Published: April 2022

People with emotional dependence present constant concerns about possible abandonment or betrayal by their partner. In this way, they implement a wide range of retention strategies aimed at covering the great need for control in the relationship. In addition, they feel dissatisfaction and frustration in the relationship since they feel they will never get what they want or expect from it. Therefore, the objectives of the study are aimed at analyzing the possible relationship between emotional dependence, intolerance to uncertainty, tendency to worry and pessimism. Also, the mediating role of these factors in the relationship between emotional dependence and permanence in violent relationships is verified due to the high prevalence of occurring jointly in the same relationship. A total of 258 people participated, 77.1% women and 22.9% men with ages ranging from 18 to 67 (M = 32.63; SD = 11.66). The results reflected positive relationships between emotional dependence, intolerance to uncertainty, tendency to worry and pessimism. Likewise, it is proven that emotional dependence leads to permanence in violent relationships through the factors mentioned.

Las personas con dependencia emocional presentan preocupaciones constantes sobre el posible abandono o traición por parte de la pareja. De esta forma, ponen en marcha un gran abanico de estrategias retentivas dirigidas a cubrir la gran necesidad de controlar la relación. Además, sienten insatisfacción y frustración en la relación ya que sienten que nunca conseguirán lo que quieren o esperan de ella. Por esto, los objetivos del estudio se dirigen a analizar la posible relación entre la dependencia emocional, la intolerancia a la incertidumbre, la tendencia a las preocupaciones y el pesimismo. Asimismo, se comprueba el papel mediador de estos factores en la relación entre la dependencia emocional y la permanencia en relaciones de pareja violentas debido a la elevada prevalencia de darse conjuntamente en una misma relación. Participaron 258 personas, 77.1% mujeres y 22.9% hombres con edades que oscilaron entre los 18 y 67 años (M = 32.63; DT = 11.66). Los resultados reflejaron relaciones positivas entre la dependencia emocional, la intolerancia a la incertidumbre, la tendencia a las preocupaciones y el pesimismo. Igualmente, se comprueba que la dependencia emocional conduce a la permanencia en relaciones violentas a través de los factores mencionados.
Estrategias de regulación de uso del smartphone y uso problemático de internet en la adolescencia
Authors: Pastor Yolanda , García-Jiménez Antonio , López-de-Ayala Mari-Cruz
Published: April 2022

Self-regulation is a basic skill that can prevent problematic Internet and smartphone use in adolescence (LaRose et al., 2003). The present study explored regulation strategies in the use of this device, as well as the relationships between such strategies and the background variables of Caplan's (2010) model, to identify those adolescents who present high or low negative consequences of Internet use. With a representative sample of adolescents from 1st to 4th year of secondary education in the Community of Madrid (N = 524, Mage= 13.57, SD= 1.24, Range= 12-17), our results indicated that parents were the ones who regulated smartphone use in about half of the adolescents. Self-regulation deficit with cognitive rumination, parent intervention to regulate the use of this device and the variables of Caplan’s (2010) model -except for online emotional regulation- were significant predictors to identify those adolescents who showed high or low negative consequences. Educational implications and future lines of research are also discussed

La autorregulación constituye una habilidad básica que puede prevenir el uso problemático de internet y del smartphone en la etapa adolescente (LaRose et al., 2003). El presente estudio explora las estrategias de regulación del uso de este dispositivo, así como las relaciones de tales estrategias y de las variables antecedentes del modelo de Caplan (2010) para identificar a aquellos adolescentes que presentan altas o bajas consecuencias negativas del uso de internet. Con una muestra representativa de adolescentes de 1º a 4º de la ESO de la Comunidad de Madrid (N = 524, Medad = 13.57, DT = 1.24, Rango = 12-17), nuestros resultados apuntaron a que son los padres los que regulaban el uso del smartphone en cerca de la mitad de los adolescentes. El déficit de autorregulación con rumiación cognitiva, la intervención de los padres para regular el uso de este dispositivo y las variables del modelo de Caplan (2010) –excepto la regulación emocional online- fueron predictores significativos para identificar a aquellos adolescentes que mostraban altas o bajas consecuencias negativas. Las implicaciones educativas y las futuras líneas de investigación son resaltadas.
Nickel mine soil is a potential source for soybean plant growth promoting and heavy metal tolerant rhizobia
Authors: Liu Han , Cui Yongliang , Zhou Jie , Penttinen Petri , Liu Jiahao , Zeng Lan , Chen Qiang , Gu Yunfu , Zou Likou , Zhao Ke , Xiang Quanju , Yu Xiumei
Published: April 2022

Mine soil is not only barren but also contaminated by some heavy metals. It is unclear whether some rhizobia survived under extreme conditions in the nickel mine soil. Therefore, this study tries to isolate some effective soybean plant growth promoting and heavy metal resistant rhizobia from nickel mine soil, and to analyze their diversity. Soybean plants were used to trap rhizobia from the nickel mine soil. A total of 21 isolates were preliminarily identified as rhizobia, which were clustered into eight groups at 87% similarity level using BOXA1R-PCR fingerprinting technique. Four out of the eight representative isolates formed nodules on soybean roots with effectively symbiotic nitrogen-fixing and plant growth promoting abilities in the soybean pot experiment. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, four housekeeping genes (atpD-recA-glnII-rpoB) andnifHgenes assigned the symbiotic isolates YN5, YN8 and YN10 intoEnsifer xinjiangenseand YN11 intoRhizobium radiobacter, respectively. They also showed different tolerance levels to the heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc. It was concluded that there were some plant growth promoting and heavy metal resistant rhizobia with the potential to facilitate phytoremediation and alleviate the effects of heavy metals on soybean cultivation in nickel mine soil, indicating a novel evidence for further exploring more functional microbes from the nickel mine soil.
Effect of Tea and Coffee Consumption on Blood Levels of Some Heavy Metals and Trace Metals
Authors: Nnabuife Loveday Chinanu , Ikaraoha Ikechukwu Chidiebere , Ndubueze Chizaram Winners
Published: April 2022

In the present study, the content of Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, and Se in blood following extended consumption of tea and coffee was determined. By random sampling method, sixty participants were selected for this study and grouped into 20 tea consumers, 20 coffee consumers and 20 controls. They were administered tea and coffee beverages respectively daily for 30 days, after which venous blood samples were collected from each participant into lithium heparin container. Blood Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn and Se were determined by employing Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. All data generated were used to perform statistical analysis employing SPSS version 21. Blood Cd, Pb, Hg and Se were significantly higher (p=0.005, p=0.003, p=0.001 and p=0.048, respectively) in tea Consumers compared with controls, while there were no significant difference in blood levels of Cu and Zn (p=0.923 and p= 0.784 respectively) in tea Consumers compared with controls. Blood Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn and Se were significantly higher (p=0.001, p=0.000, p=0.012, p=0.037 and p=0.006 respectively) in Coffee Consumers compared with Controls. There was no significant difference in blood Cu (p=0.222) in Coffee Consumers compared with Controls. There were no significant differences in blood levels of Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn and Se (p=0.154, p=0.459, p=0.662, p=0.226, p=0.080 and p=0.705 respectively) in Tea Consumers compared with Coffee Consumers. There were significant negative correlations of blood Pb with Hg and Cu(r=-0.451, p=0.046 and r=-0.697, p=0.001 respectively) in Tea Consumers. There were significant negative correlations of blood Pb with blood Cu and Zn (r=-0.656, p=0.002 and r=-0.690, p=0.001 respectively) and significant positive correlation of Pb with Hg (r=0.538, p=0.017) in Coffee Consumers. These findings have shown that Tea and Coffee Consumption may be associated with higher blood levels of Pb, Cd, Hg and Se; hence, caution should be applied considering the deleterious effects of heavy metals.
Elemental Concentration and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Mangrove Surface Sediments in Conakry, Guinea
Authors: Nwawuike Nnawugwu , Ishiga Hiroaki
Published: April 2022

Surface sediments of Conakry mangrove, Guinea were sampled and analyzed to assess their concentration and potential ecological risks. Seventeen trace elements and five major elements were analyzed using XRF. Mean, STDEV, correlation matrix, CF, Cd, EF, PI, MPI, Eri, RI and PCI were used for data analyses. The results indicated contrasting element concentrations with location. Cl; Fe2O3 and Sc; MnO had the highest and lowest average concentrations among the trace and major elements used for the study. Relative to the UCC values, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, V, Cl, Fe2O3, MnO and P2O5 had higher values while Cu, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr, Th, Sc, F, TiO2 and CaO had lower values. Fe2O3 majorly influenced the concentration of most of the elements. As enrichment had a potentially moderate to considerable ecological risk while Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni were found to have potentially low ecological risk.
An Analysis of the Innovation Mechanism to Leisure Agriculture Experience from the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Xu Rongping , Duan Yu , Ma Xiaofang , Sun Lijun , Liu Renming , Peng Yu , Chen Xiaohong , Yen Tsai-Fa
Published: April 2022

With the continuous development of human society and the improvement of national economy, remarkable achievements have been made in scientific and technological, R & D and innovation, especially in the research of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. It has been applied not only in all walks of life in China, but also in agricultural production and leisure agriculture. Under the background of Promoting Rural Revitalization by informatization, it is an inevitable direction to realize smart countryside and promote the development of leisure agriculture. Using artificial intelligence technology to realize the comprehensive and visual operation of leisure agriculture experience is a very good choice. This paper analyzes the leisure agriculture experience from the perspective of artificial intelligence technology. Results find that such incomplete infrastructure and less experience products, serious homogenization and lack of innovation in products, lack of professional talents and weak service awareness were met. Further, those items of improve the infrastructure, increase the innovative products of farmhouse, strengthen the training of farmhouse management personnel were suggested to managers.
The Population Density Map of the Greater Cairo Region Comparison of 2017 Choropleth Map and Dasymetric Map
Authors: Rasslan Asmaa H. , Sameh Abd-Elwahab,
Published: April 2022

Although the choropleth method is considered among the easiest cartographic methods, it lacks accurate representation of the real population density. In this regard, dasymetric maps offer the better alternative, especially for heterogonous spaces and those exhibit intense spatial dynamic, like the Greater Cairo Region, which has the highest population and population density among various Egyptian governorates. The current study aims mainly at comparing the dasymetric mapping technique with the choropleth mapping technique for studying the population density in the Greater Cairo Region. To this end, the satellite image processing and ArcGIS (version 10.6.1) were used. For instance, it was found, in the choropleth map, that the population density category ranged from 161.415 to 270.922 person per km2 occupied 1% of the total area of 1481 km2; whereas, in the dasymetric map, the population density category ranged from 139.986 to 761044 person per km2 concentrated in only 0.4% of the total area of 648 km2. Thus it is clear that the dasymetric mapping technique is more representative of the realistic population density distribution, because it eliminates all land uses except the residential land use. Conclusively, it is highly recommended to use the dasymetric mapping technique rather than the choropleth method.
Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Students Regarding Organ Donation in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Nath Baral Yadu , Baral Sushila , Paudel Srijana , Kumar Yadav Rajesh , Baral Shanti
Published: April 2022

Background: Organ donation and transplantation is a boon to the medical industry as it has helped in saving the lives of critically ill patients with organ failure but the shortage of organ donors is an emerging health problem in Nepal. Improving the knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals and nurses could help to promote organ donation. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of nursing students regarding organ donation.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 126 nursing students of proficiency certificate level. Pokhara Nursing Campus was selected among the seven nursing colleges through a simple random sampling technique. All the students of the first, second and third year of selected college were enrolled in the study. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was collected and analyzed in the Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated.

Result: The study showed more than half (54.8%) of nursing students had satisfactory knowledge. The mean knowledge score and standard deviation were found to be 16.54±3.17. Most (88%) of the nursing students had a positive attitude towards organ donation with a mean attitude of 41.30+ 4.05.

Conclusion: Nursing students had satisfactory knowledge and a positive attitude towards organ donation. Knowledge on organ donation should be incorporated in the school curriculum to increase knowledge level and develop attitude on donating organs.
To Study the Violence Experienced by Postgraduate Resident Doctors and Interns in a Tertiary Care Centre in Aurangabad
Authors: Kharche Jyoti , Jacob Rohit , Patel Sachin
Published: April 2022

Aim & Objectives: The aim & objectives of the study are to 1) determine the percentage of postgraduate medical students experiencing violence in a tertiary care centre in Aurangabad 2) assess the type of violence experienced by postgraduate resident doctors in a tertiary care centre in Aurangabad 3) evaluate the factors contributing towards this violence against postgraduate medical resident doctors and 4) assess the consequences of this violence on postgraduate medical resident doctors.

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive hospital based study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among the postgraduate resident doctors and interns of Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College & Hospital, Aurangabad. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021.

Methods: A population of 100 respondents were considered for the study. Data was collected using a self-administered pre – tested questionnaire. The questionnaire included personalized questions analysing the violent experiences faced by them, the reasons behind patient’s violent behaviour and the consequences on doctors’ state of mind in the working environment. The collected data was studied and analysed.

Results: Of 100 respondents included in the study, 64.3% were males, 35.7% were females. Most of the respondents were from the age group of 25-40 years (45.6%). 74% of all assaults took place in the Emergency Room, 15% in the Intensive Care Units, 6% in the Outpatient Department and none in the Operation Theatre Complex, probably due to security and strict compliance to bystanders entry prohibition.

Conclusion: It is beyond doubt that the government should start curbing this violence by taking certain steps such as change in government policies like increased government spending on healthcare and improving the infrastructure of the hospitals. Such initiatives can help create a better working environment.
Growth, Productivity, Economics, and Water Use Efficiency of Rabi Castor (Ricinus communis) as Influenced by Drip Fertigation
Authors: Suresh G. , Sudhakara Babu S. N. , Aziz Qureshi A. , Ramulu V.
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted in shallow Alfisols at Hyderabad for three consecutive years to evaluate the performance of castor on yield, water use efficiency, and economics for rabi castor cultivation under different irrigation schedules. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The experiment comprised 100, 80, 60 percent of N and K applied through urea and K2SO4 through a drip in two schedules (0.6 and 0.8 Epan) compared with soil application of nutrients and flood irrigation. Significantly higher rabi castor seed yield (3,302 kg    ha-1), oil yield (1479 kg ha-1), highest gross returns (1,25,489 ha-1), net returns (86,754 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.65) were realized when irrigations were scheduled by drip at 0.8 Epan along with the supply of the full amount of N & K through fertigation. However, the highest water-use efficiency (4.85 kg ha-1 mm-1) and water productivity (0.485 kg m-3) were registered when irrigations were scheduled by drip at 0.6 Epan +100% N & K through fertigation.
Farmers’ Information-inputs and their Sway on Coffee Productivity in the West of Rift, Kenya
Authors: Kipkorir Cheruiyot Joseph
Published: April 2022

Coffee (Coffea arabica) is an important cash crop for export earnings and livelihoods in Kenya. Coffee production has, however, declined from about 130,000 metric tons in the 1990s to about 43,000 in 2018, partly attributed to low farm-level productivity. Previous studies further attribute this to weak adherence to agronomic practices. The current study investigated the farmer’s information inputs, as a precursor of agronomic practices, for their potential sway on coffee productivity. The study assessed the level of information inputs among smallholder farmers and its potential influence on coffee productivity in areas west of Rift, Kenya. Data on information inputs for best practices in cultivation, soil fertility management, canopy management, intensive land use, crop protection and cherry harvesting were collected from 140 participants sampled through purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. The study adopted an ex post facto survey design and utilized semi-structured interview schedules for data gathering. Relationships between information inputs and productivity were estimated using chi squares’ Contingency coefficient and the more robust Welch’s ANOVA and its associated measure of strength, Eta squared (Eta2). Results suggest diverse levels of information inputs among the smallholder farmers. Information-inputs on soil fertility management showed a particularly strong association with yields (Welch P < .001, Eta2 = .108). Information-inputs on canopy management had significant association with cherry quality (P < .05, Eta2 = .078). Other information-input areas showed none to small associations with yield and quality. The study concludes that information inputs in smallholder coffee farms are at different levels and have a direct consequence on coffee yields and quality. It is recommended that the delivery of information inputs by extension agents should emphasize soil fertility management and canopy management for enhanced coffee productivity. Further study to unearth the latent facts for the differentiated information-input levels is recommended.
A Phase II Open-Label Multi-center Trial of Isotoxic Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for NSCLC
Authors: Liu Chunmei , Lin Qiang , Zhou Huandi , Ge Xiaohui , Liu Chaoxing , Gao Dongxue , Zhang Yufeng , Xue Xiaoying
Published: April 2022

Background: The standard treatment for advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, many poor Karnofsky score or elderly patients cannot tolerate it due to heir serious side effects. For patients who cannot tolerate concurrent chemoradiotherapy, conventional treatment is sequential chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. But the median survival time of sequential chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy alone is 11-16 months. In order to improve curative effect, radiotherapy, as an important treatment method, has been tried, innovated and improved continuously. The goal of this trial is to evaluate feasibility and safety of isotoxic hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with NSCLC.

Methods: This is a phase Ⅱ open-label multi-center two-step non-randomised Trial. In the first stage, 12 patients will be included in the trial with radiotherapy of 3Gy per fraction. If more than 3 patients have serious side effects of radiotherapy, the trial will be terminated. Otherwise, the second phase will continue, and the total number of participants will be 30. All patients eventually will be followed up for 5 years.

The primary endpoint is the safety of isotoxic hypofractionated radiotherapy. The secondary outcomes are time to progression (TTP), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), local control (LC).

Discussion: In clinical practice, the local control rate of conventional fractionated radiotherapy for NSCLC is very low. We hope that this trial can verify the safety of isotoxic hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Trial Registration: NCT03606291, REGISTERED JULY, 30, 2018.
Dosimetric impact of phase shifts on Radixact Synchrony tracking system with patient‐specific breathing patterns
Authors: Tse Mei Yan , Chan Wing Ki Claudia , Fok Tsz Ching , Chiu Tin Lok , Yu Siu Ki
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The Synchrony tracking system of Radixact is capable of real‐time tumor tracking by building a correlation model between external light‐emitting diodes on the patient's chest and an internal marker. A phase shift between the chest wall and a lung tumor has been reported. Hence, this study focused on evaluating the accuracy of the tracking system, especially under a patient‐specific breathing pattern with respiratory phase shifts.

Methods

A phantom containing fiducial markers was placed on a moving platform. The intrinsic delivery accuracy was verified with a patient‐specific breathing pattern. Three patient‐specific breathing patterns were then implemented, for which phase shifts, φ, were introduced. Phase shifts with +0.3 s and +1 s were tested for dosimetric aspects, whereas ±0.3, ±0.6, and ±0.8 s shifts were used for tracking accuracy. The resultant dose distributions were analyzed by γ comparison. Dose profiles in the superior‐inferior and lateral directions were compared. Logfiles of the tracking information were extracted from the system and compared with the input breathing pattern. The root mean square (RMS) difference was used to quantify the consistency.

Results

When the φ value was as large as 1 s, a severe inconsistency was observed. The target was significantly underdosed, down to 89% of the originally planned dose. γ analysis revealed that the failed portion was concentrated in the target region. The RMS of the tracking difference was close to 1 mm when φ was ±0.3 s and approximately 4 mm when φ was ±0.8 s. Tracking errors increased with an increase in the degree of phase shifts.

Conclusion

Phase shifts between the patient chest wall and the internal target may hamper treatment delivery and jeopardize treatment using Synchrony Tracking. Hence, a larger planning target volume (PTV) may be necessary if a large phase shift is observed in a patient, especially when an external surrogate shows a lag in motion when compared with the tumor.
FACVSPO: Fractional anti corona virus student psychology optimization enabled deep residual network and hybrid correlative feature selection for distributed denial‐of‐service attack detection in cloud using spark architecture
Authors: Muthuperumal Periyaperumal Ramkumar , Ramasamy Ganeshan , Azees Maria , Sakthi Ulaganathan
Published: April 2022

Cloud computing is an emerging standard in modern days for the purpose of sharing huge data, as it affords numerous user friendly behaviors. Cloud computing services offer an extensive range of resource pool in order to maintain huge scale data. Although, cloud computing model is disposed to several cyber‐attacks and security problems regarding cloud structure, because of the dynamic and distribute character and exposures in virtualization implementation. Distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attack is a type of cyber‐attack, which disturbs the usual traffic of targeted cloud server. Moreover, DDoS produces malicious traffic in cloud structure, and thus consumes cloud resources. In this paper, an effective DDoS attack detection model, named fractional anti corona virus student psychology optimization‐based deep residual network (FACVSPO‐based DRN) is implemented using spark architecture. The devised FACVSPO approach is newly designed by incorporating anti coronavirus optimization (ACVO) algorithm, fractional calculus (FC) and student psychology based optimization (SPBO) model. Moreover, the hybrid correlative scheme is designed for extracting significant features for attack detection. The DRN structure is utilized for performing attack recognition, which categorizes the data as normal or attack. In addition, the DRN classifier is trained by the developed FACVSPO approach. The developed attack detection model outperformed other existing techniques in terms of testing accuracy, true negative rate (TNR), true positive rate (TPR) of 0.9236, 0.9141, and 0.9412, respectively. The testing accuracy of the implemented model is 12.02%, 8.92%, 7.27%, 6.30%, 5.68%, and 1.20% better than the existing methods, such as Taylor‐elephant herd optimisation based deep belief network (TEHO‐DBN), deep learning, deep neural network (DNN), multiple kernel learning, Fuzzy Taylor elephant herd optimisation (EHO)‐based DBN, fractional anti corona virus optimization‐deep neuro fuzzy network (FACVO‐based DNFN), respectively. Similarly, the TNR is 10.14%, 6.88%, 5.94%, 5.46%, 4.25%, and 3.28% and TPR is 12.33%, 9.46%, 8.05%, 7.41%, 6.02%, and 3.04% better than the existing methods.
Cooperativity of Silver Nanostructures upon Electric Power Generation in Triboelectric Polyimide Layers
Authors: Amangeldinova Yerkezhan , Ma Xiaoting , Kim Jong-Man , Shin Dong-Myeong , Hwang Yoon-Hwae
Published: April 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators possessing polymeric contact electrification layers have been a state‐of‐the‐art technology for portable and wearable applications, but the intrinsic low permittivity of polymers has posed a significant charge loss, limiting the electrical outputs from the nanogenerators. The incorporation of conductive fillers into the polymer matrix represents a promising route to enhance the dielectric constant of polymers while remaining the surface properties, but the geometric influence of fillers is yet to be uncovered. Herein, the cooperativity of silver nanostructures with differing geometry on triboelectric power generation in polyimide film layers is reported. Upon implementation of silver nanorods into a polymer film, the dielectric constant is improved a 2.5‐fold compared to the pristine polymer film, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of up to 830% in output power of the nanogenerators.
Lead‐Free Halide CsAg2I3 with 1D Electronic Structure and High Stability for Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Yao Ming‐Ming , Zhang Qun , Wang Dan , Chen Ren‐li , Yin Yi‐Chen , Xia Jun , Tang Heng , Xu Wei‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: April 2022

Lead halide perovskites have gained extensive attention in the photodetectors (PDs) field, but the problems of intrinsic toxicity and poor stability still hamper their practical applications. Furthermore, ultraviolet (UV) PDs have rarely been explored due to challenges, including the lack of suitable materials and the costly and complicated fabrication processes. In order to solve the above problems, herein it is reported a novel all‐inorganic lead‐free halide CsAg2I3 single crystal (SC) with pure phase and high quality. This CsAg2I3 SC shows ultra‐stable crystal structure, steady chemical properties, and good optical properties, and it can be stable up to 893 K. Its 1D crystal structure and soft crystal lattice support the formation of self‐trapped excitons, leading to a broadband emission at 610 nm with a large Stokes shift of 315 nm (2.23 eV). The strong absorption for UV light combined with direct bandgap, large Stokes shift, and ultra‐high stability promises an environment‐friendly, low‐cost, and high‐performance UV PD based on the 1D all‐inorganic silver (I) halides.