bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics analyses of potential ACLF biological mechanisms and identification of immune-related hub genes and vital miRNAs
Authors: Liang Jiajun , Wei Xiaoyi , Hou Weixin , Wang Hanjing , Zhang Qiuyun , Gao Yanbin , Du Yuqiong
Published: August 2022

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a critical and refractory disease and a hepatic disorder accompanied by immune dysfunction. Thus, it is essential to explore key immune-related genes of ACLF and investigate its mechanisms. We used two public datasets (GSE142255 and GSE168048) to perform various bioinformatics analyses, including WGCNA, CIBERSORT, and GSEA. We also constructed an ACLF immune-related protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to obtain hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and predict corresponding miRNAs. Finally, an ACLF rat model was established to verify the results. A total of 388 DEGs were identified in ACLF, including 162 upregulated and 226 downregulated genes. The enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in inflammatory-immune responses and biosynthetic metabolic pathways. Twenty-eight gene modules were obtained using WGCNA and the coral1 and darkseagreen4 modules were highly correlated with M1 macrophage polarization. As a result, 10 hub genes and 2 miRNAs were identified to be significantly altered in ACLF. The bioinformatics analyses of the two datasets presented valuable insights into the pathogenesis and screening of hub genes of ACLF. These results might contribute to a better understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of ACLF. Finally, further studies are required to validate our current findings.
Elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women
Authors: Kim Kyoung Jin , Hong Namki , Yu Min Heui , Lee Seunghyun , Shin Sungjae , Kim Sin Gon , Rhee Yumie
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and the risk of hip fracture among middle-aged women by using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database from 2002 to 2015. After exclusion of those with any chronic liver disease, heavy alcohol consumption, any missing values required for our analysis, or GGT levels less than 1 or greater than 99 percentile, we classified subjects into three groups according to baseline GGT levels. A total of 127,141 women aged 50 years or older were included for analysis (GGT range: 8–106 U/L). During an average 12.1 years of follow-up, 2758 patients sustained hip fractures (2.17%). Compared with the group in the lowest tertile, the group in the highest tertile had the highest cumulative incidence of hip fracture. One log-unit increase in GGT was associated with a 17% increased risk of hip fracture. Subgroup analysis by BMI (≥ 25 vs. < 25 kg/m2), presence of diabetes, levels of other liver enzymes, and alcohol consumption level did not show significant effect modification. In summary, elevated baseline GGT level was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women, independent of alcohol consumption and chronic liver disease.
Geospatial analysis of reported activity locations to identify sites for tuberculosis screening
Authors: Yuen Courtney M. , Brooks Meredith B. , Millones Ana Karina , Acosta Diana , Del Águila-Rojas Erika , Campos Hortencia , Farroñay Sheyla , Morales Giannina , Ramirez-Sandoval Judith , Nichols Tim C. , Jimenez Judith , Jenkins Helen E. , Lecca Leonid
Published: August 2022

Mobile screening units can help close tuberculosis case detection gaps. Placing screening units where people at high risk for undiagnosed tuberculosis preferentially spend time could make screening more resource-effective. We conducted a case–control study in Lima, Peru to identify locations where people with tuberculosis were more likely to spend time than community controls. We surveyed participants about activity locations over the past 6 months. We used density-based clustering to assess how patient and control activity locations differed, and logistic regression to compare location-based exposures. We included 109 tuberculosis patients and 79 controls. In density-based clustering analysis, the two groups had similar patterns of living locations, but their work locations clustered in distinct areas. Both groups were similarly likely to use public transit, but patients predominantly used buses and were less likely to use rapid transit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.96) or taxis (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21–0.85). Patients were more likely to have spent time in prison (aOR 11.55, 95% CI 1.48–90.13). Placing mobile screening units at bus terminals serving locations where tuberculosis patients have worked and within and around prisons could help reach people with undiagnosed tuberculosis.
Cytidine deaminase activity increases in the blood of breast cancer patients
Authors: Buhagiar-Labarchède Géraldine , Onclercq-Delic Rosine , Vacher Sophie , Berger Frédérique , Bièche Ivan , Stoppa-Lyonnet Dominique , Amor-Guéret Mounira
Published: August 2022

Cytidine deaminase (CDA), an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, deaminates cytidine, deoxycytidine and analogs, such as gemcitabine. Constitutive low levels of CDA activity have been reported in the blood of patients with hematological malignancies or suffering from gemcitabine toxicity. We previously reported that cellular CDA deficiency leads to genetic instability. We therefore hypothesized that constitutive CDA deficiency might confer a predisposition to cancer. We analyzed CDA activity and expression in blood samples from breast cancer (BC) patients with a suspected predisposition to the disease, and in healthy controls. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that both CDA activity and mRNA levels were higher in blood samples from BC patients than in those from controls, and that this difference was not due to excess neutrophils. CDA activity levels were significantly higher in the serum samples of BC patients treated by radiotherapy (RT) than in those of untreated healthy controls, and hormone therapy in RT-treated BC patients was associated with significantly lower levels of CDA activity. A preliminary analysis of CDA activity in the serum of the very few BC patients who had undergone no treatment other than surgery suggested that the increase in CDA activity might be due to the breast cancer itself. Our findings raise important questions, which should lead to studies to elucidate the origin and significance of the increase in CDA activity in the serum of BC patients, and the impact of hormone therapy.
Molecular engineering of several butterfly-shaped hole transport materials containing dibenzo[b,d]thiophene core for perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Shariatinia Zahra , Sarmalek Seyed-Iman
Published: August 2022

Several butterfly-shaped materials composed of dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (DBT) and dibenzo-dithiophene (DBT5) cores were designed as hole transporting materials (HTMs) and their properties were studied by density functional theory (DFT) computations for usage in mesoscopic n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To choose suitable HTMs, it was displayed that both of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of molecules were located higher than those of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite as they were able to transfer holes from the MAPbI3 toward Ag cathode. Negative solvation energy (ΔEsolvation) values for all HTMs (within the range of − 5.185 to − 18.140 kcal/mol) revealed their high solubility and stability within CH2Cl2 solvent. The DBT5-COMe demonstrated the lowest values of band gap (Eg = 3.544) and hardness (η = 1.772 eV) (the greatest chemical activity) and DBT5-CF3 displayed the biggest η = 1.953 eV (maximum stability) that were predominantly valuable for effective HTMs. All HTMs presented appropriately high LHEs from 0.8793 to 0.9406. In addition, the DBT5 and DBT5-SH depicted the lowest exciton binding energy (Eb) values of 0.881 and 0.880 eV which confirmed they could produce satisfactory results for the PSCs assembled using these materials. The DBT5-SH and DBT5-H had maximum hole mobility (μh) values of 6.031 × 10–2 and 1.140 × 10–2 which were greater than those measured for the reference DBT5 molecule (μh = 3.984 × 10–4 cm2/V/s) and about 10 and 100 times superior to the calculated and experimental μh values for well-known Spiro-OMeTAD. The DBT5-COOH illustrated the biggest open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of 1.166 eV, 0.896 and 23.707%, respectively, establishing it could be as the best HTM candidate for high performance PSCs.
Effects of Thai native chicken breast meat consumption on serum uric acid level, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activities in rats
Authors: Potue Prapassorn , Chiangsaen Petcharat , Maneesai Putcharawipa , Khamseekaew Juthamas , Pakdeechote Poungrat , Chankitisakul Vibuntita , Boonkum Wuttigrai , Duanghaklang Natthaya , Duangjinda Monchai
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a high protein diet comprising breast meat from commercial broiler (BR), Thai native (PD), and commercial broiler × Thai native crossbred (KKU-ONE) chicken on serum uric acid, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activities in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control group received a standard chow diet, and the other three groups were fed a high protein diet (70% standard diet + 30% BR, PD, or KKU-ONE chicken breast) for five weeks. The PD- and KKU-ONE-fed rats had lower plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the control rats. A decrease in HDL-c was also observed in rats fed a diet containing BR. Liver weight, liver enzyme, plasma ALP, xanthine oxidase activity, serum uric acid, creatinine, superoxide production, and plasma malondialdehyde levels increased in BR-fed rats. The findings of this study might provide evidence to support the use of Thai native and Thai native crossbred chicken breast meat as functional foods.
A framework for digital health equity
Authors: Richardson Safiya , Lawrence Katharine , Schoenthaler Antoinette M. , Mann Devin
Published: August 2022

We present a comprehensive Framework for Digital Health Equity, detailing key digital determinants of health (DDoH), to support the work of digital health tool creators in industry, health systems operations, and academia. The rapid digitization of healthcare may widen health disparities if solutions are not developed with these determinants in mind. Our framework builds on the leading health disparities framework, incorporating a digital environment domain. We examine DDoHs at the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels, discuss the importance of a root cause, multi-level approach, and offer a pragmatic case study that applies our framework.
Biophysical differences in IgG1 Fc-based therapeutics relate to their cellular handling, interaction with FcRn and plasma half-life
Authors: Gjølberg Torleif Tollefsrud , Frick Rahel , Mester Simone , Foss Stian , Grevys Algirdas , Høydahl Lene Støkken , Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Schlothauer Tilman , Sandlie Inger , Moe Morten C. , Andersen Jan Terje
Published: August 2022

Antibody-based therapeutics (ABTs) are used to treat a range of diseases. Most ABTs are either full-length IgG1 antibodies or fusions between for instance antigen (Ag)-binding receptor domains and the IgG1 Fc fragment. Interestingly, their plasma half-life varies considerably, which may relate to how they engage the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). As such, there is a need for an in-depth understanding of how different features of ABTs affect FcRn-binding and transport behavior. Here, we report on how FcRn-engagement of the IgG1 Fc fragment compare to clinically relevant IgGs and receptor domain Fc fusions, binding to VEGF or TNF-α. The results reveal FcRn-dependent intracellular accumulation of the Fc, which is in line with shorter plasma half-life than that of full-length IgG1 in human FcRn-expressing mice. Receptor domain fusion to the Fc increases its half-life, but not to the extent of IgG1. This is mirrored by a reduced cellular recycling capacity of the Fc-fusions. In addition, binding of cognate Ag to ABTs show that complexes of similar size undergo cellular transport at different rates, which could be explained by the biophysical properties of each ABT. Thus, the study provides knowledge that should guide tailoring of ABTs regarding optimal cellular sorting and plasma half-life.
Differential ion mobility mass spectrometry in immunopeptidomics identifies neoantigens carrying colorectal cancer driver mutations
Authors: Minegishi Yuriko , Kiyotani Kazuma , Nemoto Kensaku , Inoue Yoshikage , Haga Yoshimi , Fujii Risa , Saichi Naomi , Nagayama Satoshi , Ueda Koji
Published: August 2022

Understanding the properties of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) peptides (immunopeptides) is essential for precision cancer medicine, while the direct identification of immunopeptides from small biopsies of clinical tissues by mass spectrometry (MS) is still confronted with technical challenges. Here, to overcome these hindrances, high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is introduced to conduct differential ion mobility (DIM)-MS by seamless gas-phase fractionation optimal for scarce samples. By established DIM-MS for immunopeptidomics analysis, on average, 42.9 mg of normal and tumor colorectal tissues from identical patients (n = 17) were analyzed, and on average 4921 immunopeptides were identified. Among these 44,815 unique immunopeptides, two neoantigens, KRAS-G12V and CPPED1-R228Q, were identified. These neoantigens were confirmed by synthetic peptides through targeted MS in parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. Comparison of the tissue-based personal immunopeptidome revealed tumor-specific processing of immunopeptides. Since the direct identification of neoantigens from tumor tissues suggested that more potential neoantigens have yet to be identified, we screened cell lines with known oncogenic KRAS mutations and identified 2 more neoantigens that carry KRAS-G12V. These results indicated that the established FAIMS-assisted DIM-MS is effective in the identification of immunopeptides and potential recurrent neoantigens directly from scarce samples such as clinical tissues.
A thermodynamic investigation of amyloid precursor protein processing by human γ-secretase
Authors: Lu Xiaoli , Huang Jing
Published: August 2022

Human γ-secretase cleaves the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into pathologically relevant amyloid-β peptides (Aβs). The detailed mechanisms of the unique endoproteolytic cleavage by the presenilin 1 domain (PS1) of γ-secretase are still poorly understood. Herein, we provide thermodynamic insights into how the α-helical APP TMD is processed by γ-secretase and elucidate the specificity of Aβ48/Aβ49 cleavage using unbiased molecular dynamics and bias-exchange metadynamics simulations. The thermodynamic data show that the unwinding of APP TMD is driven by water hydration in the intracellular pocket of PS1, and the scissile bond T32-L33 or L33-V34 of the APP TMD can slide down and up to interact with D257/D385 to achieve endoproteolysis. In the wild-type system, the L33-V34 scissile bond is more easily hijacked by D257/D385 than T32-L33, resulting in higher Aβ49 cleavage, while the T32N mutation on the APP TMD decreases the energy barrier of the sliding of the scissile bonds and increases the hydrogen bond occupancy for Aβ48 cleavage. In summary, the thermodynamic analysis elucidates possible mechanisms of APP TMD processing by PS1, which might facilitate rational drug design targeting γ-secretase.
Electrochemical reaction of CO2 to CO on a catalyst coated cation exchange membrane enabled by ammonium proton shuttling
Authors: Reinisch D. , Reichbauer T. , Vetter K. M. , Martić N. , Mayrhofer K. J. J. , Schmid G.
Published: August 2022

CO2 reduction (CO2RR) can convert CO2 into feedstock for the chemical industry. In a novel operation mode NH4+ ions locally buffer the pH on a cation exchange membrane (CEM) and thereby enable efficient CO2RR on an Ag-coated CEM cathode.
Bifunctional thioacetamide-mediated synthesis of few-layered MoOSx nanosheet-modified CdS hollow spheres for efficient photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Tao Siqin , Zhong Wei , Chen Yuxiao , Chen Feng , Wang Ping , Yu Huogen
Published: August 2022

Few layered MoOSx nanosheet-decorated CdS hollow spheres have been rationally fabricated by a one-step bifunctional thioacetamide-mediated route to notably enhance the photocatalytic H2-production performance.
Self-assembly of octanuclear Ln(iii)-based clusters: their large magnetocaloric effects and highly efficient conversion of CO2
Authors: Wang Wen-Min , Xin Xiao-Yan , Qiao Na , Wu Zhi-Lei , Li Ling , Zou Ji-Yong
Published: August 2022

A series of novel Ln8 clusters show highly heterogeneous catalytic activity for catalyzing the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides under mild conditions. Importantly, the Gd8 cluster exhibits a significant MCE with a larger ΔSm of 46.14 J kg−1 K−1.
A processable Prussian blue analogue-mediated route to promote alkaline electrocatalytic water splitting over bifunctional copper phosphide
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Li Yunming , Ye Huangqing , Zhu Pengli , Fu Xian-Zhu , Sun Rong
Published: August 2022

3D copper foam supported core–shell Cu3P@Co-Cu3P, which is prepared by a Prussian blue analogue-mediated route, has been demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline overall water splitting.
Therapeutic applications of magnetic nanoparticles: recent advances
Authors: Kritika  , Roy Indrajit
Published: August 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) show tremendous possibilities in the field of biomedicine, especially as therapeutic agents for use over a prolonged duration.
Hypercrosslinked polymer-mediated fabrication of binary metal phosphide decorated spherical carbon as an efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Chen Haowen , Liu Yijiang , Liu Bei , Yang Mei , Li Huaming , Chen Hongbiao
Published: August 2022

FeP and CoP nanoparticle decorated spherical carbon FeCoP/NPC was used as a highly efficient ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable aqueous and solid Zn–air batteries.
A spatial homojunction of titanium vacancies decorated with oxygen vacancies in TiO2 and its directed charge transfer
Authors: Wu Si-Ming , Wang Yi-Tian , Xiao Shi-Tian , Wang Li-Ying , Tian Ge , Chen Jiang-Bo , Liu Jia-Wen , Shalom Menny , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: August 2022

The spatial n–p homojunction design in TiO2 greatly enhances its photocatalytic H2 production performance owing to the directed charge transfer.
Water promoted 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl detachment from amino acids in charged microdroplets
Authors: Gao Xiao-Fei , Cheng Jin-Cai , Ye Chun-Lian , Xiao Shan , Qiu Zai-Ming , Zhang Xinglei
Published: August 2022

A coordinated water dimer leads to a decrease of energy barrier for hydrogen transfer process of the highly acidic hydrogen in 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl group and promotes its detachment from the protected amino acid in microdroplets.
Completely suppressed high-voltage phase transition of P2/O3-Na0.7Li0.1Ni0.1Fe0.2Mn0.6O2viaLi/Ni co-doping for sodium storage
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Yan Mengmeng , Xu Kang , Chang Yu-Xin , Guo Jin , Wang Qinghua , Wang Bin , Wang Duan , Yin Ya-Xia , Xu Sailong
Published: August 2022

A novel P2/O3-Na0.7Li0.1Ni0.1Fe0.2Mn0.6O2cathode is preparedviaLi/Ni co-doping, and delivers attractive cycling and rate performances due to the high Na+diffusion coefficient and the complete suppression of the high-voltage P2–Z phase transition.
l-Asparagine–EDTA–amide silica-coated MNPs: a highly efficient and nano-ordered multifunctional core–shell organocatalyst for green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one compounds
Authors: Rostami Negin , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Valiey Ehsan , FaniMoghadam Hamidreza
Published: August 2022

Newl-asparagine grafted on the 3-aminopropyl-modified Fe3O4@SiO2core–shell magnetic nanoparticles using EDTA linker was prepared and characterized. The nanomaterial promotes the synthesis of several 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions.
High performance of CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskite single crystal photodetector with a large active area using asymmetrical Schottky interdigital contacts
Authors: Yu Ji , Zheng Jie , Tian Ning , Li Lin , Qu Yanmei , Huang Yongtao , Luo Yinxian , Tan Wenzhu
Published: August 2022

The high performance of a Au/CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystal/Ag structured photodetector with a large active area.
Photocurable acrylate epoxy/ZnO–Ag nanocomposite coating: fabrication, mechanical and antibacterial properties
Authors: Nguyen Thien Vuong , Do Truc Vy , Ngo Thanh Dung , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Lu Le Trong , Vu Quoc Trung , Thi Lan Pham , Tran Dai Lam
Published: August 2022

ZnO-Ag hybrid nanoparticles were fabricated by seed-mediated growth method and incorporated into the UV-curable acrylate resin matrice to form a composite. This improved the mechanical property of UV-cured coating and exhibited high antibacterial activity against E. coli.
Tyndall-effect-based colorimetric assay with colloidal silver nanoparticles for quantitative point-of-care detection of creatinine using a laser pointer pen and a smartphone
Authors: Yuan Kaijing , Sun Yao , Liang Fenchun , Pan Fenglan , Hu Miao , Hua Fei , Yuan Yali , Nie Jinfang , Zhang Yun
Published: August 2022

This work describes a new nanosensor for one-step ultrasensitive naked-eye detection of creatinine based on the target-triggered aggregation of silver nanoparticles showing dramatically enhanced Tyndall effect.
An efficient and stable iodine-doped nickel hydroxide electrocatalyst for water oxidation: synthesis, electrochemical performance, and stability
Authors: Yousaf Sheraz , Zulfiqar Sonia , Somaily H. H. , Warsi Muhammad Farooq , Rasheed Aamir , Shahid Muhammad , Ahmad Iqbal
Published: August 2022

Oxygen evolution reaction mechanism under alkaline conditions over the iodine-doped Ni(OH)2 surface.
Synthesis, biological activity and toxicity to zebrafish of benzamides substituted with pyrazole-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Shao Yingying , Tu Minting , Yang Sen , Wang Yingying , Sun Binlong , Shi Jianjun , Tan Chengxia , Wang Xuedong
Published: August 2022

A series of novel benzamides substituted with pyrazole-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole was designed and synthesized by using the splicing principle of active substructures.
A corrosion-etching strategy for fabricating RuO2 coupled with defective NiFeZn(OH)x for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Liu Xupo , Zhang Cuicui , Wang Ran , Wei Gangya , Yang Tianfang , Zhang Jing , Chen Ye , Gao Shuyan
Published: August 2022

A facile corrosion-etching strategy is applied to synthesize RuO2 coupled with defective NiFeZn(OH)x, which efficiently improves the poor intrinsic conductivity of NiFe hydroxide and reduces the kinetic energy barrier of Volmer step for HER process.
Protein–inorganic hybrid porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Lu Minqi , Sun Liangyan , Yao Jinrong , Zhao Bingjiao , Liu Yuehua , Shao Zhengzhong , Chen Xin
Published: August 2022

Silk fibroin/LAPONITE® 3D porous scaffolds with good biocompatibility and biodegradability have good application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Polymer dots and glassy organic dots using dibenzodipyridophenazine dyes as water-dispersible TADF probes for cellular imaging
Authors: Mayder Don M. , Christopherson Cheyenne J. , Primrose William L. , Lin Angela S-M. , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: August 2022

Fluorescence imaging of living cells is key to better understanding cellular morphology and biological processes.
Bionic superhydrophobic surfaces based on topography of copper oxides
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhan Haiyang , Bai Xiangge , Yuan Zichao , Zhao Lei , Liu Yahua , Feng Shile
Published: August 2022

Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) exist in many biological organisms endowed by spectacular surface topographies, which provide important insights to drive a paradigm shift in design of engineering surfaces. Based on this, extensive progresses have been developed on bionic superhydrophobic strategies. Among them, SHSs based on topography of copper oxides exhibit considerable application prospects because of the steerability and diversity of topography, as well as additional performances, such as antibiosis, anticorrosion and catalysis. We first present a brief overview of the discovery of natural SHSs as well as fundamental understanding of surface wetting performance. Then, the structural effects in superhydrophobic systems based on the topographies of biological organisms and copper oxides are described. Finally, we highlight the perspectives on the novel design strategies of copper oxide‐based SHSs that adapt to various practical applications.
A propagation model for package loss refinement in VVC
Authors: Im Sio‐Kei , Chan Ka‐Hou
Published: August 2022

A propagation model for the CABAC entropy codec for VTM is proposed and analysed in terms of its effective estimation and packing loss. In order to be compatible and implement a next‐generation coding framework, the proposed model is designed taking into account the conditions of multiple estimators while minimising the increased complexity caused by the inherent dependencies of CABAC through various optimisations, including contextual forwarding and drop rate configurations. The complete algorithm and description have been briefly introduced. Experiments have shown that inter‐modal quality refinement can be achieved up to 1.0 dB improvement in a coded environment.
Analysis of influencing factors on buffer layer discharge for high‐voltage XLPE cable
Authors: Wu Zhiheng , Lai Qingbo , Zhou Wenqing , Liu Xiaodong , Chen Jie , Hu Libin , Hao Yanpeng , Liu Gang
Published: August 2022

In the high‐voltage (HV) cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable, the buffer layer has the function of electrical connection and water‐blocking. However, after water invades cables, the buffer layer discharge defect may occur, which can lead to the breakdown accident of cable line. It does serious harm to the safe and stable operation of the power system. At present, the buffer layer discharge defect has not been sufficiently investigated in existing research. This paper establishes a voltage distribution calculation model for analyzing the buffer layer discharge defect. The mechanism of how the presence of air gap and white marks (the corrosion products) between aluminium sheath and buffer layer influencing the voltage distribution inside cable is involved in this model. Based on the simulation software, a convenient method for solving the model is proposed. Using this model, the internal voltage distribution results of the cable under different forms of white marks are obtained. The influencing factors affecting the discharge of buffer layer are analyzed. The validity of the model is proved by the discharge test of the cable with controllable defects. The results show that the risk of buffer layer discharge can be quantitatively assessed by the white mark defect feature.
Connected and automated vehicle platoon formation control via differential games
Authors: Jond Hossein B. , Yıldız Aykut
Published: August 2022

In this study, the connected and automated vehicles platooning problem is resolved under a differential game framework. Three information topologies are considered here. Firstly, the Predecessor‐following topology is utilised where the vehicles control the distance with respect to the merely nearest predecessor via a sensor link‐based information flow. Secondly, the Two‐predecessor‐following topology is exploited where each vehicle controls the distance with respect to the two nearest predecessors. In this topology, the second predecessor is communicated via a Vehicle‐to‐vehicle link. The individual trajectories of connected and automated vehicles under the Nash equilibrium are derived in closed‐form for these two information topologies. Finally, general information topology is examined and the differential game is formulated in this context. In all these options, Pontryagin's principle is employed to investigate the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium and obtain its corresponding trajectories. In the general topology, we suppose numerical computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Finally, the stability behaviour of the platoon for the Predecessor‐following, Two‐predecessor‐following and general topologies are investigated. All these approaches represent promising and powerful analytical representations of the connected and automated vehicle platoons under the differential games. Simulation experiments have verified the efficiency of the proposed models and their solutions as well as their better results in comparison with the Model Predictive Control.
Design and development of broadband gap waveguide‐based 0‐dB couplers for Ka‐band applications
Authors: Zarifi Davoud , Farahbakhsh Ali , Zaman Ashraf Uz
Published: August 2022

The design and fabrication of a wideband millimetre‐wave 0‐dB coupler is proposed in this paper using gap waveguide technology for low‐loss and high‐power applications in 30‐GHz frequency band. To overcome the fabrication challenges in millimetre‐wave frequencies, the gap waveguide technique is utilised. Two gap waveguide‐based coaxial‐ and waveguide‐fed 0‐dB couplers are designed with broadband performance, high return loss, acceptable coupling flatness and high isolation. For verifying the performance of the proposed structures, a prototype of the waveguide‐fed 0‐dB coupler is manufactured and measured. The measurement results show that the return and insertion losses and the isolation of the fabricated 0‐dB coupler is better than 18 dB, 0.5 and 18 dB, respectively, in the specified frequency range from 26.2 to 34 GHz. Moreover, the breakdown power level of the proposed millimetre‐wave structures is in kW orders to satisfy the high‐power requirements.
Impact of cyber‐attack on coordinated voltage control in low voltage grids
Authors: Farooq Asma , Shahid Kamal , Gui Yonghao , Olsen Rasmus Løvenstein
Published: August 2022

Power grid is facing several challenges such as voltage violation, power losses, and power quality issues due to the high integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. One of the several strategies to overcome the voltage violation problem is the provision of reactive power from wind and solar power plants. Local controller of these plants coordinates with the controller to generate the reactive power. The coordinated controller performs its function based on the information obtained from the whole grid via communication network. Communication network infrastructure has high responsibility to ensure secure and stable services in order to provide reliable voltage control in distribution grids (DGs). Unstable or insecure communication networks can lead to several problems in the power system, such as increased power losses and in worse case blackouts. Therefore, this paper analyses the impact of cyber‐attacks on the voltage quality control supported by the reactive power generation of PV plants in DGs. Two cyber‐attack scenarios are demonstrated via a voltage coordination scenario based on a real distribution grid in Northern Denmark. Simulations are done in a Simulink model of Thy Mors Energi Grid, Denmark. A cyber control block is implemented within the coordinated controller in order to mitigate the effect of cyber‐attack. Experimental results show that it is possible to detect and mitigate a cyber‐attack such as denial of service and integrity attack before sending a control signal thus contributing towards a secure, stable, and resilient power grid.
Positive input observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients: A backstepping approach
Authors: Homayounzade Mohamadreza
Published: August 2022

In practice, there are many physical systems that can have only positive inputs, such as physiological systems. Most conventional control methods cannot ensure that the main system input is positive. A positive input observer‐based controller is designed for an intravenous glucose tolerance test model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The backstepping (BS) approach is employed to design the feedback controller for artificial pancreas (AP) systems, based on the Extended Bergman's Minimal Model (EBMM). The EBMM represents the T1DM in terms of the blood glucose concentration (BGC), insulin concentration, and plasma level and the disturbance of insulin during medication due to either meal intake or burning sugar by doing some physical exercise. The insulin concentration and plasma level are estimated using observers, and these estimations are applied as feedback to the controller. The asymptotic stability of the observer‐based controller is proved using the Lyapunov theorem. Moreover, it is proved that the system is bounded input‐bounded output (BIBO) stable in the presence of uncertainties generated by uncertain parameters and external disturbance. For realistic situations, we consider only the BGC to be available for measurement and additionally inter‐and intra‐patient variability of system parameters is considered.
Short‐term photovoltaic power prediction based on MDCM‐GA‐LSTM model
Authors: Liu Tianze , Liu Shusen , Wang Shunjiang , Ma Yanjuan
Published: August 2022

In recent years, photo‐voltaic (PV) system has become one of the most potential renewable energy power generation technologies because of its many advantages. Considering the influence of the randomness of PV system on the operation and dispatching of power system, the necessity of a comprehensive forecasting model is increased rapidly. This paper proposes a short‐term PV power forecasting method based on MDCM‐GA‐LSTM model to solve the problem of low accuracy of traditional and single forecasting model. First, the meteorological data are pre‐processed based on wavelet denoising algorithm to improve the data quality. Second, a meteorological model is established based on genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network. Finally, the network is trained with the modified data of the meteorological model as the input and the actual power as the output, and the power forecasting model is established. In this study, the forecasting accuracy is evaluated based on mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The experimental results demonstrated that the MDCM‐GA‐LSTM model outperforms the conventional and single model by a difference of about 98.43% of the MAE and 98.97% of the RMSE error.
The physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2
Authors: Meng F. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schilke P. , Ginsburg A. , DePree C. , Budaiev N. , Jeff D. , Schmiedeke A. , Schwörer A. , Veena V. S. , Möller Th.
Published: August 2022

Context. The giant molecular cloud Sagittarius B2 (hereafter SgrB2) is the most massive region with ongoing high-mass star formation in the Galaxy. Two ultra-compact Hii (UCHii ) regions were identified in SgrB2’s central hot cores, SgrB2(M) and SgrB2(N).

Aims. Our aim is to characterize the properties of the Hii regions in the entire SgrB2 cloud. Comparing the Hii regions and the dust cores, we aim to depict the evolutionary stages of different parts of SgrB2.

Methods. We use the Very Large Array in its A, CnB, and D configurations, and in the frequency band C (~6GHz) to observe the whole SgrB2 complex. Using ancillary VLA data at 22.4 GHz and ALMA data at 96 GHz, we calculated the physical parameters of the UCHii regions and their dense gas environment.

Results. We identify 54 UCHii regions in the 6 GHz image, 39 of which are also detected at 22.4 GHz. Eight of the 54 UCHii regions are newly discovered. The UCHii regions have radii between 0.006 pc and 0.04 pc, and have emission measure between 106 pc cm6 and 109 pc cm6. The UCHii regions are ionized by stars of types from B0.5 to O6. We found a typical gas density of ~106–109 cm3 around the UCHii regions. The pressure of the UCHii regions and the dense gas surrounding them are comparable. The expansion timescale of these UCHii regions is determined to be ~104–105 yr. The percentage of the dust cores that are associated with Hii regions are 33%, 73%, 4%, and 1% for SgrB2(N), SgrB2(M), SgrB2(S), and SgrB2(DS), respectively. Two-thirds of the dust cores in SgrB2(DS) are associated with outflows.

Conclusions. The electron densities of the UCHii regions we identified are in agreement with that of typical UCHii regions, while the radii are smaller than those of the typical UCHii regions. The dust cores in SgrB2(M) are more evolved than in SgrB2(N). The dust cores in SgrB2(DS) are younger than in SgrB2(M) or SgrB2(N).
Revealing impacts of stellar mass and environment on galaxy quenching
Authors: Mao Zhiying , Kodama Tadayuki , Pérez-Martínez Jose Manuel , Suzuki Tomoko L. , Yamamoto Naoaki , Adachi Kouta
Published: August 2022

Aims. Galaxy quenching is a critical step in galaxy evolution. In this work, we present a statistical study of galaxy quenching in 17 cluster candidates at 0.5 <  z <  1.0 in the COSMOS field.

Methods. We selected cluster members with a wide range of stellar masses and environments to study their mass and environment dependence. Member galaxies are classified into star-forming, quiescent, and recently quenched galaxies (RQGs) using the rest-frame UVJ diagram. We further separated fast- and slow-quenching RQGs by model evolutionary tracks on the UVJ diagram. We defined the quenching efficiency as the ratio of RQGs to star-forming galaxies and the quenching stage as the ratio of RQGs to quiescent galaxies to quantify the quenching processes.

Results. We find that quenching efficiency is enhanced by both higher stellar mass and denser environment. Massive or dense environment galaxies quench earlier. Slow quenching is more dominant for massive galaxies and at lower redshifts, but no clear dependence on the environment is found. Our results suggest that low-mass galaxies in dense environments are likely quenched through a short timescale process such as ram pressure stripping, while massive galaxies in a sparse environment are mostly quenched by a longer timescale process. Using the line strength of Hδ and [OII], we confirmed that our UVJ method to select RQGs agrees with high S/N DEIMOS spectra. However, we caution that the visibility time (duration of a galaxy’s stay in the RQG region on the UVJ diagram) may also depend on mass or environment. The method introduced in this work can be applied to RQG candidates for future statistical RQG spectroscopic surveys. The systematic spectroscopic RQG study will disentangle the degeneracy between visibility time and quenching properties.
Application of improved radar chart in the health evaluation model of hydraulic gate
Authors: Rui Zhang , Yahui Tian , Helin Li
Published: August 2022

In view of the multi-factor influence of stress, deflection, vibration, corrosion and other factors involved in the state assessment of hydraulic steel gates, established a gate health assessment system including the target layer, criterion layer and indicator layer. A hydraulic health assessment model combining fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and improved radar chart method is proposed. In this method, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each index, and then the improved radar chart method is used to evaluate the criterion layer and the target layer respectively, and the gate evaluation level is standardized and drawn into the radar chart. An example of comprehensive evaluation of a radial gate is given, which visually expresses the various factors that affect the gate. While giving the health evaluation result of the gate state, it fully reflects the actual state of all aspects of the gate.
Digitale Positronenemissionstomografie – Entwicklung, Detektortechnologie und Perspektiven
Authors: Kazek Sandra Laura , Jentzen Walter , Seifert Robert , Herrmann Ken , Kersting David
Published: August 2022

Dieser Übersichtsartikel präsentiert die Entwicklung und den technischen Fortschritt der Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) hin zum digital arbeitenden PET-System (dPET). Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf den PET-Hardwarekomponenten zur Detektierung sowie Verarbeitung und Ortung des Signals zur klinischen Bildgebung. Es werden technische Unterscheidungen und Vorteile der dPET-Systeme gegenüber konventionellen PET-Systemen aufgezeigt. Dazu zählen zum Beispiel größere Detektorflächen mit sehr empfindlichen und kompakten Photodetektorsystemen in Verbindung mit einer verbesserten Elektronik zur schnellen Berechnung der Orts-, Zeit- und Energieauflösungen der Signale. Die daraus neu erschlossenen Anwendungsbereiche und Perspektiven in der dPET-Bildgebung werden zusätzlich thematisiert.
Instrumentierung in der präklinischen PET- und SPECT-Bildgebung
Authors: Moraitis Alexandros , Fragoso Costa Pedro
Published: August 2022

Translationale Forschung greift heute mehr denn je in die Praktiken moderner Medizin ein. Im Bereich der tierexperimentellen Forschung, die sich als Brücke zwischen biomedizinischer Grundlagenforschung und klinischer Forschung versteht, stellt die Kleintierbildgebung eines der wichtigsten Forschungsinstrumente dar. Unter den verwendeten bildgebenden Verfahren genießen die PET- und SPECT-Bildgebung das höchste Ansehen, da sie quantitative Informationen über metabolische Prozesse liefern, dynamische Aufnahmen erlauben und geeignet für Längsschnittstudien sind. Hierdurch entstehen vielfältige Perspektiven bei der Entwicklung von Tiermodellen für die Erforschung von Erkrankungen des Menschen; sei es zur Überwachung von Krankheitsverläufen, der Validierung theranostischer Ansätze oder der Erprobung neuer Radiopharmaka. Das stetig steigende Interesse an nicht invasiver Kleintierbildgebung fördert insbesondere auch die Entwicklung dedizierter Bildgebungssysteme. Allen Systemen zur präklinischen Bildgebung ist das Ziel gemein, die Auflösung und Sensitivität auf die Dimensionen der Tiere anzupassen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel bietet Einsicht in die konzeptionellen Grundlagen und technischen Eigenschaften präklinischer PET- und SPECT-Systeme, mit Fokus auf die eingesetzten Detektormaterialien und -technologien, sowie die Detektorkonfiguration. Darüber hinaus werden wichtige Aspekte der Qualitätskontrolle genannt.
Protokoll- und Dosisoptimierung der CT in der Hybridbildgebung für Schwächungskorrektur und strukturelle Korrelation
Authors: Großer Oliver S. , Kupitz Dennis , Kreißl Michael C.
Published: August 2022

Im Rahmen der Hybridbildgebung mit SPECT/CT und PET/CT wird die CT in der Regel als eine nicht diagnostische low-dose-Untersuchung (sog. auxiliäre CT) durchgeführt. Die CT-Daten dienen dabei der Schwächungskorrektur und bieten die Möglichkeit einer morphologischen Korrelation nuklearmedizinischer Befunde. Als Strahlungsanwendung unterliegt auch diese Form der CT dem allgemeinen Optimierungsgebot. Abhängig vom Anwendungsszenario sind dabei verschiedene Schwerpunkte zu berücksichtigen. Beispielhaft sind der potenzielle Einfluss der CT-Rekonstruktion auf die Schwächungskorrektur der Emissionsdaten, die Erkennbarkeit von anatomischen Strukturen oder auch die strahlenbiologische Optimierung für spezielle Patientengruppen (z. B. Kinder) zu nennen. Zu beachten ist, dass parallel zu den Optimierungsbestrebungen auch eine zunehmende Regulierung der auxiliären CT-Anwendungen stattfindet.
Vertikale CMV-Transmission
Authors: Hamprecht Klaus , Goelz Rangmar
Published: August 2022

Die vertikale CMV-Transmission umfasst verschiedene Übertragungsmuster wie intrauterine, peri- und postnatale Virustransmission. Risikopatientinnen für eine symptomatische kongenitale CMV-Infektion (cCMV) des Feten und Neugeborenen sind die bei Schwangerschaftsbeginn seronegativen Frauen mit einem Kleinkind unter 3 Jahren, welche die CMV-Primärinfektion (CMV-PI) entweder perikonzeptionell oder im ersten Trimenon erworben haben. Nach derzeitiger Evidenz stellt nur die symptomatische cCMV-Infektion eine antivirale Therapieoption mit Valganciclovir (VGCV) dar. Der CMV-Status des Neugeborenen sollte innerhalb der ersten zwei Lebenswochen zusammen mit ZNS-Bildgebung, Augen- und Hördiagnostik erfolgen. Die Lumbalpunktion hat für die Therapieindikation nur untergeordnete Bedeutung. Die postnatale CMV-Infektion setzt voraus, dass nahezu alle latent CMV-infizierten Mütter (CMV-IgG +/CMV-IgM-/hohe CMV-IgG-Avidität) das Virus meist im ersten Lebensmonat reaktivieren und in die Milch ausscheiden. Die CMV-Reaktivierung während des Stillens ist ein lokaler, selbst limitierter Prozess, der in der Regel eine unimodale Kinetik aufweist. Bei Risikofrühgeborenen kann die postnatale CMV-Infektion zu teilweise schwerer, symptomatischer CMV-Infektion mit Langzeitfolgen führen.
Endoskopisches Management von Gallengangskomplikationen nach Leberchirurgie
Authors: Kirstein Martha M. , Voigtländer Torsten
Published: August 2022

Biliäre Komplikationen stellen häufige Komplikationen nach Leberchirurgie dar und tragen wesentlich zur postoperativen Morbidität und Mortalität bei. Den größten Anteil dieser
machen Gallengangsleckagen und -strikturen aus, wobei die Leckagen nach Cholezystektomie und Leberresektion dominieren und die Strikturen ein wesentliches Problem nach
Lebertransplantationen darstellen. Patienten nach orthotoper Lebertransplantation stellen besonders vulnerable Patienten dar, deren biliäre Komplikationen von denen nach
Cholezystektomie und Leberresektion differieren und niederschwellig sowie mit größter Vorsicht behandelt werden müssen. Mit der endoskopischen retrograden Cholangiografie steht ein
exzellentes Verfahren zur Behandlung dieser Komplikationen zur Verfügung. Die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten beinhalten die endoskopische Sphinkterotomie, die Anlage von Prothesen
und Dilatationen. Mittels dieser Verfahren können Erfolgsraten in bis zu 90% der Fälle erreicht werden. Bei Hepatikojejunostomien bestehen alternative Interventionsmöglichkeiten
wie die ballon- oder motorunterstützte antegrade Enteroskopie, die perkutan-transhepatische Cholangiodrainage oder mit zunehmendem Einsatz die endosonografisch gestützten
Verfahren.