bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 among Egyptian patients: near-full length genomic sequences versus selected spike and nucleocapsid regions
Authors: Emad Rasha , Naga Iman S.
Published: October 2023

Several tools have been developed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genotyping based on either whole genome or spike sequencing. We aimed to highlight the molecular epidemiological landscape of SARS-CoV-2 in Egypt since the start of the pandemic, to describe discrepancies between the 3 typing tools: Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID), Nextclade, and Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages (PANGOLIN) and to assess the fitness of spike and nucleocapsid regions for lineage assignment compared to the whole genome. A total of 3935 sequences isolated from Egypt (March 2020–2023) were retrieved from the GISAID database. A subset of data (n = 1212) with high coverage whole genome was used for tool discrimination and agreement analyses. Among 1212 sequences, the highest discriminatory power was 0.895 for PANGOLIN, followed by GISAID (0.872) and Nextclade (0.866). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0418) between lineages assigned via spike (30%) and nucleocapsid (46%) compared to their whole genome-assigned lineages. The first 3 pandemic waves were dominated by B.1, followed by C.36 and then C.36.3, while the fourth to sixth waves were dominated by the B.1.617.2, BA, and BA.5.2 lineages, respectively. Current shift in lineage typing to recombinant forms. The 3 typing tools showed comparable discrimination among SARS-CoV-2 lineages. The nucleocapsid region could be used for lineage assignment.
Quality of breaking bad news to patients diagnosed with neoplasia of the uterine cervix
Authors: von Blanckenburg Pia , Köhler Christhardt , Petzel Anja , Jülicher Anne , Schneider Viola , Schneider Achim
Published: October 2023

Objective

Little is known about the quality of receiving bad news (BN) for women diagnosed with cervical neoplasia. We evaluated adherence to the SPIKES protocol in three cohorts of women with different stages of the disease and treatment modalities.

Patients and methods

We included women with cervical cancer who underwent radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT group, n = 110), radical hysterectomy or chemo-radiation (HE/RCT group, n = 101), and women with CIN 3 treated by loop excision (CIN group, n = 108). We asked the participants about how they received the bad news delivery in reality and how they would envision an ideal communication process based on the main items of the SPIKES protocol. The participants filled out a questionnaire with 38 items of the Marburg Breaking Bad News (MABBAN) Scale representing the six SPIKES subscales.

Results

Only 72% of all patients reported being satisfied with their BBN experience. The following factors were considered important by 90% of the patients: an undisturbed atmosphere, taking enough time, coherent explanation of the disease, and the possibility to ask questions. However, the reality of their experiences fell significantly short of their expectations. Asking about the patient’s knowledge of the disease, addressing their concerns, allowing them to show emotions, providing clarity about the change in quality of life, informing them about alternative therapies, and involving them in further planning were also significantly lacking in the actual BBN encounters compared to the patients’ preferences. The experience of RVT patients was more negative compared to the HE/RCT patients (p = 0.036). The CIN patients had an overall satisfactory impression (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The process of breaking bad news in German women diagnosed with cervical neoplasia requires substantial improvement. The SPIKES protocol can be used as a guideline for enhancement but should be supplemented by incorporating a second consultation as the norm rather than the exception. Continuous monitoring and improvement of the quality of BBN is recommended for all oncologic institutions, utilizing the MABBAN questionnaire as a valuable tool.
Diagnostic utility of multidetector CT scan in penetrating diaphragmatic injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hassankhani Amir , Amoukhteh Melika , Valizadeh Parya , Jannatdoust Payam , Eibschutz Liesl S. , Myers Lee A. , Gholamrezanezhad Ali
Published: October 2023

Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries pose diagnostic and management challenges. Computed tomography (CT) scans are valuable for stable patients, but concern exists for missed injuries and complications in nonoperatively managed cases. The objective of this study was to explore the diagnostic utility of multidetector CT scan (MDCT) in identifying diaphragmatic injuries resulting from penetrating trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, following established guidelines, by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to July 6, 2023. Eligible studies reporting MDCT's diagnostic accuracy in detecting penetrating diaphragmatic injuries were included. Relevant data elements were extracted and analyzed using STATA software. The study included 9 articles comprising 294 patients with confirmed penetrating diaphragmatic injuries through surgical procedures. MDCT's diagnostic performance revealed a pooled sensitivity of 74% (95% CI: 56%-87%) and a pooled specificity of 92% (95% CI: 79%-97%) (Fig. two), with significant heterogeneity in both sensitivity and specificity across the studies. The Fagan plot demonstrated that higher pre-test probabilities correlated with higher positive post-test probabilities for penetrating diaphragmatic injury diagnosis using MDCT, but even with negative results, there remained a small chance of having the injury, especially in cases with higher pre-test probabilities. This study highlights MDCT's effectiveness in detecting diaphragmatic injury from penetrating trauma, with moderate to high diagnostic accuracy. However, larger sample sizes, multicenter collaborations, and prospective designs are needed to address observed heterogeneity, enhancing understanding and consistency in MDCT's diagnostic capabilities in this context.
Exploring Perspectives on Agroecological Transition in Scotland with Critical Systems Heuristics
Authors: Hutcheson Matthew , Morton Alec , Blair Shona
Published: October 2023

Critical systems heuristics (CSH) is a framework that facilitates reflective practice in exploring and solving complex management problems. Several applications have demonstrated the utility of CSH for addressing problems concerning the environment and sustainability. As such, we apply CSH to explore perspectives on agroecological transition in Scotland. In interviews with 10 farmers, agricultural professionals, and researchers, we demonstrate the utility of boundary critique as a practice for unpacking the judgements that underpin perspectives on Scottish farming. Moreover, we derive a series of practical insights and recommendations to progress agroecological transition in Scotland, including: support for a greater diversity of farming systems; action across the entire food system to avoid ‘lock-ins’; improved tools to measure farming outcomes; and nuanced and precise conversations regarding the nature and purpose of agroecological farming. We hope that our accessible and transparent approach might encourage the uptake of CSH research among systems researchers and practitioners.
How to shorten the market entry innovation in a highly regulated market. The case of Early access programs in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Bastone Anna , Schiavone Francesco , Carli Maria Rosaria , Juárez-Varón David
Published: October 2023

Government regulation impacts deeply on the innovation process. Regulatory frameworks influence firms’ innovativeness. This study aims to provide an exploratory investigation of Early Access programs as a tool to shorten the time to place innovation in highly regulated markets. Thus, our research question is: How do institutional actors push the entry of innovation in highly regulated markets? To address the research question, a qualitative analysis was conducted using the multiple case study method among different countries. The analysis practised an inductive approach. The results provide an inductive conceptual framework to identify different configurations of Early Access programs based on three characterizing dimensions: (1) authorities involved, (2) eligibility criteria and (3) applicant. This study provides implications for both theory and practice. Future research will be needed to investigate the emerging aspects further and make the model generalisable.
Endlose Theorie: Zu ihrer Relevanz im Kontext von Big Data
Authors: Fuhrmann Jan Tobias
Published: October 2023

Mit dem 2008 von Chris Anderson proklamierten „Ende der Theorie“ geht eine erkenntnistheoretische Verschiebung einher, die fordert, dass Wissen nur noch algorithmisch produziert werden soll. Algorithmisches Wissen zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es durch Indikationen erzeugt wird und außerhalb des Sinnmediums operiert, indem es bewährte kommunikative Muster privilegiert. Es reproduziert seine kommunikative Anschlussfähigkeit aus der Grammatikalität der Kommunikation. Um dies zu zeigen, unterscheidet der Artikel mit Rancière zwischen „Polizei“ als einer Praxis zur Herstellung von Eindeutigkeit und „Politik“ als einer Praxis zur Herstellung von Kontingenz. Algorithmische Systeme reproduzieren ihre grammatikalische Polizei durch Korrelationen und schließen Zukunft ab, insofern sie diese restlos aus vorhandenen Daten ableiten. Im Gegensatz dazu kann kritische Theorie qua Markierung ihrer Eigenkontingenz Politik produzieren und somit Zukunft öffnen. Zugleich bedarf auch die Artikulation von Kritik der Indikation und des Gebrauchs hegemonialer Grammatikalität, kann also niemals als reine Invention auftreten. Daraus wird eine Emphase kritischer Theorie abgeleitet, die betont, dass mittels Theorie Kritik selbst prekär gesetzt werden kann: Theorie ist in der Lage, ihre eigene Kritik zu politisieren. Das vor allem unterscheidet sie vom algorithmischen Datenempirismus.
Mapping the shared socio-economic pathways onto the Nature Futures Framework at the global scale
Authors: Alexander Peter , Henry Roslyn , Rabin Sam , Arneth Almut , Rounsevell Mark
Published: October 2023

The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) was developed for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) to explore scenarios that represent a diversity of positive relationships between humans and nature. Widely used in global environmental assessments, the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) in combination with the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were developed for climate change assessments. However, the relationship at a global level between the SSP–RCP scenario outcomes and the framing of the NFF around three value perspectives—Nature for Nature, Nature for Society, and Nature as Culture—has not been established. Here, we demonstrate a method to map onto the NFF value perspectives results from alternative SSP scenarios, each paired with an RCP consistent with the SSP storyline. For each of the NFF value perspectives, multiple elements were identified, each represented by one or more nature-focused indicators. Values for these indicators, for the different SSP scenario outcomes, were derived from an existing application of a global land system model, LandSyMM. A score for each indicator is estimated by comparing the indicator values against a normative target range. We find that only SSP1 provides greater benefits for Nature as Culture and Nature for Society relative to a 2010 baseline. Overall, the SSP scenarios provide fewer benefits for Nature for Nature, consistent with a bias towards the provision of material over non-material ecosystem services. The results demonstrate that the SSP–RCP scenario framing captures some, but not all, of the dimensions of nature and that alternative scenario framings, such as the NFF, are needed to study a broader range of biodiversity and ecosystem related questions as well as exploring positive futures.
Impact of ball milling on physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of Moringa oleifera L. leaf powders
Authors: Sakr Hazem , Ammar Amin , Zaki Hala , Salama Mohamed Abdelbaset , Ali Mostafa
Published: October 2023

Physicochemical, thermal, and structural properties of ball milling (BM) of Moringa oleifera leaf powders (M.L) were examined. By superfine grinding, three samples with different particle sizes (PAS) were produced. Specific surface area (SSA), Bulk (BD), tap (TD) densities and water solubility index (WSI) significantly increased with the decrease of PAS, while the angle of repose (AR), water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) decreased. Also, as PAS was reduced, the flowability enhanced as the carr index changed from fair to good and AR ameliorated. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures showed that M.L were ground so finely that the form of the particles changed, started to be a regular shape and the surface roughness decreased as PAS decreased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves showed that peak temperature decreased with the decrescent PAS. In all samples, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) detected no new chemical functional groups. No variation was found in the crystallinity index (CI) of any of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the BM samples, while crystal size decreased.
Osteocyte Mechanotransduction in Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Seddiqi Hadi , Klein-Nulend Jenneke , Jin Jianfeng
Published: October 2023

Purpose of Review

Orthodontic tooth movement is characterized by periodontal tissue responses to mechanical loading, leading to clinically relevant functional adaptation of jaw bone. Since osteocytes are significant in mechanotransduction and orchestrate osteoclast and osteoblast activity, they likely play a central role in orthodontic tooth movement. In this review, we attempt to shed light on the impact and role of osteocyte mechanotransduction during orthodontic tooth movement.

Recent Findings

Mechanically loaded osteocytes produce signaling molecules, e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins, Wnts, prostaglandins, osteopontin, nitric oxide, sclerostin, and RANKL, which modulate the recruitment, differentiation, and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The major signaling pathways activated by mechanical loading in osteocytes are the wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin and RANKL pathways, which are key regulators of bone metabolism. Moreover, osteocytes are capable of orchestrating bone adaptation during orthodontic tooth movement.

A better understanding of the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction is crucial to advance orthodontic treatment. The optimal force level on the periodontal tissues for orthodontic tooth movement producing an adequate biological response, is debated. This review emphasizes that both mechanoresponses and inflammation are essential for achieving tooth movement clinically. To fully comprehend the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction in orthodontic tooth movement, more knowledge is needed of the biological pathways involved. This will contribute to optimization of orthodontic treatment and enhance patient outcomes.
The Ethics of Human Brain Organoid Transplantation in Animals
Authors: Kataoka Masanori , Gyngell Christopher , Savulescu Julian , Sawai Tsutomu
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we outline how one might conduct a comprehensive ethical evaluation of human brain organoid transplantation in animals. Thus far, ethical concerns regarding this type of research have been assumed to be similar to those associated with other transplants of human cells in animals, and have therefore not received significant attention. The focus has been only on the welfare, moral status, or mental capacities of the host animal. However, the transplantation of human brain organoids introduces several new ethical issues. Many of these are related to uncertainty regarding whether or not brain organoids might be conscious. While these concerns might not be immediately relevant, they warrant closer scrutiny. We discuss how various ethical issues are relevant to different stages of human brain organoid transplantation and can guide the ethical evaluation of research. Our examination would broaden the horizons of the debate on the transplantation of brain organoids.
Changing Occupations or Changing Companies—Predictors of Different Types of Premature Contract Terminations in Dual Vocational Education and Training Programs
Authors: Findeisen Stefanie , Ramseier Lukas , Neuenschwander Markus P.
Published: October 2023

In Switzerland, access to non-academic occupations requires the completion of a vocational education and training (VET) program. Over two-thirds of adolescents choose to start a dual VET program after compulsory education. However, this path from school to work is not always linear, and changes can be a means of adjusting wrong career choices. In the context of dual VET, two types of adjustments that occur frequently can be distinguished: (1) change of occupations and (2) change of companies. The present study aims to examine the predictors of each of those two types of changes. First, we are interested in the link between individuals’ intentions to change their career paths and actual changes. When changes are intended by the trainee and aimed at correcting wrong career choices, actual changes can generally be expected to be predicted by change intentions. Second, we are interested in the role of person-job fit (P-J fit) as well as trainees’ socialization and performance indicators. Third, we examine to what extent trainees’ decisions to change occupations or companies can be predicted by pre-entry factors (perceived P-J fit and effort during compulsory education before the transition to VET). We used a longitudinal sample of adolescents at the end of compulsory school and at the end of their first year in a dual VET program in Switzerland. This data set is combined with government data on actual changes regarding individuals’ training companies and their occupations. The two types of adjustments were examined in separate structural equation models that compared trainees without any types of adjustments during their training program (1) to those who changed occupations (N = 417) and (2) to those who changed training companies (N = 378). The results show that actual occupational changes and actual company changes of trainees are affected by the same work-context predictors (negative effect of trainees’ self-perceived work performance) and pre-entry predictors (negative effect of effort during compulsory education). However, in contrast to changes of training companies, changes of occupations are significantly predicted by trainees’ intentions to change. Moreover, while P-J fit during the VET program is the only direct predictor of trainees’ intentions to change occupations, intentions to change companies are not significantly predicted by P-J fit. Intentions to change companies are negatively affected by companies’ socialization tactics and positively affected by adolescents’ pre-entry effort. Overall, the results call for a more differentiated assessment of changes/ premature contract terminations in future studies. Whether change intentions are a valid proxy for actual change behavior seems to depend on the type of changes that trainees decide to make.
Ways public health users interact with online health information: a qualitative study
Authors: Fernandes Lívia G , Mescouto Karime A , Costa Leonardo O P , Saragiotto Bruno Tirotti
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The use of internet for health-related purposes has increased in the past years; however, the overabundance of information led the world to a health “infodemic”. Little is known about the ways public health users seek health information online and how it influences the relationship between patients and healthcare practitioners. We aimed to investigate how public health users seek health information online and how this practice affects health encounters.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study in a public secondary level healthcare facility. Thirty participants were interviewed using a semi-structured grid designed upon the definition of digital health literacy. Participants were mostly women with an average age of 50 years old and educational level equal to or lower than high school degree. Traditionally and digitally illiterate participants participated in the study. Data analysis was performed using a reflexive thematic analysis underpinned by critical theory.

Results

We identified three interrelated themes: (1) failing to be a digitally engaged patient, (2) health information on the internet resonates better with individuals’ literacy, and (3) vulnerability is welcomed on the internet. Themes explored power dynamics that appeared to be mediated by formal knowledge, sociocultural contexts, use of technical language, and the presence of emotional and affective domains.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that health information online might facilitate the understanding of technical terms and fill an emotional gap often overlooked by healthcare practitioners. Findings may assist health professionals in developing ways of considering health information online as part of the health encounter.
A Topical Alginate-Based Wound Gel Fixated with Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Tranexamic Acid as a Hemostatic Wound Healing System
Authors: Nqoro Xhamla , Adeyemi Samson A. , Ubanako Philemon , Ndinteh Derek T. , Kumar Pradeep , Choonara Yahya E. , Aderibigbe Blessing A.
Published: October 2023

Wounds are usually accompanied by complications such as excessive bleeding and bacteria invasion. The design of wound dressings that rapidly stop excessive bleeding and inhibit bacterial invasion, is crucial to promoting accelerated wound healing. To meet the abovementioned requirements in wound dressings, topical gels were prepared from sodium alginate (SA) and carbopol. The wound dressings were loaded with an antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid, and a variety of metal-based nanoparticles. The prepared topical gels displayed significant antibacterial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria and moderate activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains. These gels exhibited good spreadability and viscosity, signifying suitability for skin application, and ease of application. Moreover, the prepared gels showed good cytocompatibility, promoted cell proliferation, and exhibited > 85% wound closure on day 3 compared to the untreated which showed a 38% wound reduction in vitro. Excellent blood clotting absorbance values were observed for the gels compared to the control, showing that they can promote blood clotting. Features presented by the prepared gels reveal that they are promising wound dressings for treating bleeding and infected wounds.
Using spatial point process models, clustering and space partitioning to reconfigure fire stations layout
Authors: Bispo Regina , Vieira Francisca G. , Yokochi Clara , Marques Filipe J. , Espadinha-Cruz Pedro , Penha Alexandre , Grilo António
Published: October 2023

Fire stations (FS) are typically non-uniformly distributed across space, and their service area is, in general, defined based on administrative boundaries. Since the location of FS may considerably influence the readiness and the effectiveness of the provided services, national and regional governments need research-based information to adequately plan where to establish firefighting facilities. In this study, we propose a method to reconfigure the fire stations layout using spatial point process models, clustering and space partitioning. First, modelling fire intensity variation across space through a point process model enables to replicate the process independently by simulation. Subsequently, for each simulation, thek-means algorithm is used to define a siting location, minimizing the total within distance between the fire occurrences and the new position. This method allows to obtain a set of locations from which the respective distribution is inferred. Assuming a bivariate normal spatial distribution, we further define confidence siting regions. Ultimately, new FS service areas are defined by Voronoi tessellation. To exemplify the application of the method, we apply it to reconfigure the fire station layout at Aveiro, Portugal.
Incorporating Multiple Textual Factors into Unbalanced Financial Distress Prediction: A Feature Selection Methods and Ensemble Classifiers Combined Approach
Authors: Li Shixuan , Shi Wenxuan
Published: October 2023

Textual-based factors have been widely regarded as a promising feature that can be applied to financial issues. This study focuses on extracting both basic and semantic textual features to supplement the traditionally used financial indicators. The main is to improve Chinese listed companies’ financial distress prediction (FDP). A unique paradigm is proposed in this study that combines financial and multi-type textual predictive factors, feature selection methods, classifiers, and time spans to achieve the optimal FDP. The frequency counts, TF-IDF, TextRank, and word embedding approaches are employed to extract frequency count-based, keyword-based, sentiment, and readability indicators. The experimental results prove that financial domain sentiment lexicons, word embedding-based readability analysis approaches, and the basic textual features of Management Discussion and Analysis can be important elements of FDP. Moreover, the finding highlights the fact that incorporating financial and textual features can achieve optimal performance 4 or 5 years before the expected baseline year; applying the RF-GBDT combined model can also outperform other classifiers. This study makes an innovative contribution, since it expands the multiple text analysis method in the financial text mining field and provides new findings on how to provide early warning signs related to financial risk. The approaches developed in this research can serve as a template that can be used to resolve other financial issues.
Take up
Authors: Bearson Dafna F. , Sunstein Cass R.
Published: October 2023

Why are take up rates incomplete or low when the relevant opportunities are unambiguously advantageous to people who are eligible for them? How can public officials promote higher take up of opportunities? All over the world, these are challenges of the first order. There are three primary barriers to take up: learning costs, compliance costs, and psychological costs. These costs lower the net expected benefit of opportunities, and reduce participation in otherwise advantageous programs. Fully rational agents would consider these costs in their take up decisions, and in light of behavioral biases, such costs loom especially large and may seem prohibitive. Experimental and other evidence suggest methods for reducing the barriers to take up and the effects of behavioral biases. Use of such methods has the potential to significantly increase access to a wide range of opportunities that would increase individual well-being and social welfare.
Gender differences in psychosocial determinants of hand hygiene among physicians
Authors: Park Se Yoon , Kim Jaewoong , Lee Eunjung , Park Sunghee , Park Jung-Wan , Yu Shi Nae , Kim Tark , Jeon Min Hyok , Choo Eun Ju , Kim Tae Hyong
Published: October 2023

Objective:

We investigated gender differences in psychosocial determinants that affect hand hygiene (HH) performance among physicians.

Design:

The survey included a structured questionnaire with 7 parts: self-assessment of HH execution rate; knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding HH; internal and emotional motivation for better HH; barriers to HH; need for external reminders; preference for alcohol gel; and embarrassment due to supervision.

Setting:

The study was conducted across 4 academic referral hospitals in Korea.

Participants:

Physicians who worked at these hospitals were surveyed.

Methods:

The survey questionnaire was sent to 994 physicians of the hospitals in July 2018 via email or paper. Differences in psychosocial determinants of HH among physicians were analyzed by gender using an independent t test or the Fisher exact test.

Results:

Of the 994 physicians, 201 (20.2%) responded to the survey. Among them, 129 (63.5%) were men. Male physicians identified 4 barriers as significant: time wasted on HH (P = .034); HH is not a habit (P = .004); often forgetting about HH situations (P = .002); and no disadvantage when I do not perform HH (P = .005). Female physicians identified pain and dryness of the hands as a significant obstacle (P = .010), and they had a higher tendency to feel uncomfortable when a fellow employee performed inadequate HH (P = .098). Among the respondents, 26.6% identified diversifying the types of hand sanitizers as their first choice for overcoming barriers to improving HH, followed by providing reminders (15.6%) and soap and paper towels in each hospital room (13.0%).

Conclusion:

A significant difference in the barriers to HH existed between male and female physicians. Promoting HH activities could help increase HH compliance.
On the structure of parasitic gravity-capillary standing waves in the small surface tension limit
Authors: Shelton Josh , Milewski Paul , Trinh Philippe H.
Published: October 2023

We present new numerical solutions for nonlinear standing water waves when the effects of both gravity and surface tension are considered. For small values of the surface tension parameter, solutions are shown to exhibit highly oscillatory capillary waves (parasitic ripples), which are both time- and space-periodic, and which lie on the surface of an underlying gravity-driven standing wave. Our numerical scheme combines a time-dependent conformal mapping together with a shooting method, for which the residual is minimised by Newton iteration. Previous numerical investigations typically clustered gridpoints near the wave crest, and thus lacked the fine detail across the domain required to capture this phenomenon of small-scale parasitic ripples. The amplitude of these ripples is shown to be exponentially small in the zero surface tension limit, and their behaviour is linked to (or explains) the generation of an elaborate bifurcation structure.
Axes to Axes: the Chronology, Distribution and Composition of Recent Bronze Age Hoards from Britain and Northern Ireland
Authors: GRIFFITHS CHRISTOPHER J.
Published: October 2023

This study explores the impact that recent Bronze Age hoard finds have had on our understanding of hoarding practices across Britain and Northern Ireland. Changes to the legislation of Treasure and the onset of the Portable Antiquities Scheme in England and Wales have produced a wealth of new information on Bronze Age hoards. Beyond a handful of studies which have focused on specific groups of hoards or the distinction between dryland/wetland deposition, however, many of these more recent finds have been overlooked. Our regional understanding of hoarding practices across Britain is also largely based on studies which are now significantly out of date. This paper aims to address this problem by providing a snapshot of hoards and hoarding practices, based on a substantial dataset of 385 hoards (containing 7210 objects) that were reported on between 1997 and 2021. Broad chronological and spatial trends in the distribution are highlighted, with precedence given to characterising these enigmatic deposits based on their size and the categories of objects within them. This investigation provides fresh insights into the selection of certain object groups – particularly axes – during certain periods and within specific regions, whilst also exploring ideas so that we might better understand the scale of metalwork deposition. This research not only demonstrates how recent hoard finds fit into traditional narratives but also how they have the potential to enhance our understanding of regional hoarding practices, offering new and exciting avenues for future research.
Is Data Science Transforming Biomedical Research? Evidence, Expertise, and Experiments in COVID-19 Science
Authors: Leonelli Sabina
Published: October 2023

Biomedical deployments of data science capitalize on vast, heterogeneous data sources. This promotes a diversified understanding of what counts as evidence for health-related interventions, beyond the strictures associated with evidence-based medicine. Focusing on COVID-19 transmission and prevention research, I consider the epistemic implications of this diversification of evidence in relation to (1) experimental design, especially the revival of natural experiments as sources of reliable epidemiological knowledge; and (2) modeling practices, particularly the recognition of transdisciplinary expertise as crucial to developing and interpreting data models. Acknowledging such shifts in evidential, experimental, and modeling practices helps avoid harmful applications of data-intensive methods.
Little puritans?
Authors: Starmans Christina
Published: October 2023

I propose that young children may be a useful test case for Fitouchi et al.'s theory that certain seemingly harmless acts are moralized because they are seen as risk factors for future poor cooperation. The theory predicts that prior to the development of certain folk-psychological beliefs about self-control, children should be untroubled by violations of puritanical morality, and that an adult-like folk psychology of self-control should develop in tandem with disapproval of such violations.
Considering the role of self-interest in moral disciplining
Authors: Moon Jordan W.
Published: October 2023

Why do people moralize harmless behaviors? Although people rely on cooperative principles in making their moral judgments, I argue that self-interest likely plays a role even in these judgments. I suggest potential lines of research that might examine the role of self-interest in puritanical morality.
Moral disciplining provides a satisfying explanation for Chinese lay concepts of immorality
Authors: Buchtel Emma E.
Published: October 2023

In our research on lay prototypes of immorality, we found that Chinese consider immoral behaviors to be more about showing coarse character, rather than being violent and harmful (called criminal behaviors). The target article provides a satisfying rationale for why this Chinese immorality concept, which has many similarities to the puritanical morality described here, is connected to the morality of cooperation.
Puritanism needs purity, and moral psychology needs pluralism
Authors: Graham Jesse , Atari Mohammad , Dehghani Morteza , Haidt Jonathan
Published: October 2023

This account of puritanical morality is useful and innovative, but makes two errors. First, it mischaracterizes the purity foundation as being unrelated to cooperation. Second, it makes the leap from cooperation (broadly construed) to a monist account of moral cognition (as harm or fairness). We show how this leap is both conceptually incoherent and inconsistent with empirical evidence about self-control moralization.
Puritanical moralism may signal patience rather than cause self-control
Authors: Ellingsen Tore , Mohlin Erik
Published: October 2023

We argue that people may resist temptations not only with the aim of acquiring more self-control, but also because they want to convince others that they are patient and already possess self-control.
‘I almost felt like I can be a little bit more honest’: experiences of a telehealth group for bipolar disorder
Authors: Perich Tania , Kakakios Kelly , Fraser Isabel
Published: October 2023

Despite the increasing use of telehealth platforms to deliver cognitive behavioural group therapy programs, few studies have been conducted that explore the experience of using telehealth platforms for those living with bipolar disorder. The present study aimed to explore the impact of the telehealth platform on the delivery of a recovery-orientated well-being plan group program for participants living with bipolar disorder. A total of 19 participants completed the qualitative interviews (3 male, 16 female). Using content analysis, data were deductively coded in line with pre-existing codes and matrix categories with unexpected data that discussed the telehealth experience being coded using an inductive content analysis framework. Two themes were identified: (1) Social inclusion, which included the subthemes of (a) connection to others via telehealth and (b) feeling safe using telehealth; and (2) Barriers and engagement, which included the subthemes of (a) removing barriers by using telehealth and (b) symptom impacts to engagement using the telehealth platform. Participants reported increased connection with others using telehealth and feeling greater safety overall when using the telehealth platform; however, some noted that dominant personalities could contribute to feeling unsafe within the group at times. Overall, the platform reduced barriers and was easy to use with this being a convenient way to attend, even if in some instances the platform highlighted differences between the members.

Key learning aims

(1)

Telehealth platforms provide a unique opportunity for connection for those living with bipolar disorder.

(2)

Telehealth platforms may increase feelings of personal safety but may also increase feelings of difference between group members.

(3)

Symptoms may impact on engagement with anxiety and mood symptoms playing a role; however, telehealth may also decrease barriers to engagement.
Synthetic auxin herbicides do not injure intermediate wheatgrass or affect grain yield
Authors: Shoenberger Erica D. , Jungers Jacob M. , Law Eugene P. , Keene Clair L. , DiTommaso Antonio , Sheaffer Craig C. , Wyse Donald L. , Picasso Valentin D. , Stoltenberg David E.
Published: October 2023

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a cool-season perennial grass developed as a dual-purpose grain and forage crop. One barrier to adopting this crop is a lack of information on the effects of herbicides on IWG for grain production. An experiment was conducted to evaluate herbicide effects on IWG grain yield, crop injury, and weed control over 2 yr (2019 to 2021) at sites in Wisconsin, Minnesota, New York, and North Dakota. This evaluation included broadleaf herbicides registered for use on wheat: 2,4-D amine, clopyralid, MCPA, and a mixture of clopyralid + MCPA (all are categorized as Group 4 herbicides by the Weed Science Society of America). Each herbicide or mixture was applied at 1× and 2× the labeled wheat application rate to newly planted and established (1- to 5-yr-old) IWG stands in the fall or spring. Herbicides were applied during IWG tillering or jointing stages in the fall or during the jointing stage in the spring. Across site years, application timing, herbicide, and application rate showed no effect on IWG grain yield or plant injury. Broadleaf weed control ranged from 71% to 92% across herbicide treatments relative to the nontreated check at the Wisconsin site, whereas weed control at the Minnesota site was variable among treatments. At the New York site, herbicides were equally effective for broadleaf weed suppression, whereas weed pressure was very low at the North Dakota site and treatments did not affect weed cover. The results show that newly planted and established stands of IWG are tolerant to the synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D amine, clopyralid, and MCPA when applied during tillering or jointing in the fall or during jointing in the spring. Synthetic auxins represent a potentially useful tool for weed control in IWG cropping systems, especially for problematic broadleaf weed species.
A Lunar Mission Spots Its Failed Brethren
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: October 2023

Data from NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter have been instrumental in pinpointing where other Moon-bound spacecraft have crashed.
Seismic Reflection Imaging of a Deep‐Penetrating Red River Fault in the Yinggehai Basin, Northwest of the South China Sea
Authors: Li Lun , Lu Shaoping , Gao Rui , Lei Chao
Published: October 2023

The Yinggehai Basin (YB) in the northwest of the South China Sea (SCS) has preserved the complete evolution of the Red River Fault (RRF), whose motion over time has largely contributed to shaping the current tectonic framework of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Indochina Block. Here we, for the first time, image the RRF, crustal architecture, and crust‐mantle boundary (i.e., Moho) in detail under the YB from two high‐resolution 40‐km‐depth seismic reflection pre‐stack migration profiles. Our seismic reflection images provide direct seismic evidence to support a deep‐penetrating RRF, most likely crosscutting the Moho. In this sense, the RRF was a large‐scale shear zone, along with the clockwise rotation of the Indochina Block, to accommodate the Indochina Block extrusion during Oligocene‐early Miocene and form the YB. We highlight that the material extrusion along deep‐penetrating faults dominated the Tibetan Plateau deformation in response to the India‐Asia collision at an early stage.
ALFI: Cell cycle phenotype annotations of label-free time-lapse imaging data from cultured human cells
Authors: Antonelli Laura , Polverino Federica , Albu Alexandra , Hada Aroj , Asteriti Italia A. , Degrassi Francesca , Guarguaglini Giulia , Maddalena Lucia , Guarracino Mario R.
Published: October 2023

Detecting and tracking multiple moving objects in a video is a challenging task. For living cells, the task becomes even more arduous as cells change their morphology over time, can partially overlap, and mitosis leads to new cells. Differently from fluorescence microscopy, label-free techniques can be easily applied to almost all cell lines, reducing sample preparation complexity and phototoxicity. In this study, we present ALFI, a dataset of images and annotations for label-free microscopy, made publicly available to the scientific community, that notably extends the current panorama of expertly labeled data for detection and tracking of cultured living nontransformed and cancer human cells. It consists of 29 time-lapse image sequences from HeLa, U2OS, and hTERT RPE-1 cells under different experimental conditions, acquired by differential interference contrast microscopy, for a total of 237.9 hours. It contains various annotations (pixel-wise segmentation masks, object-wise bounding boxes, tracking information). The dataset is useful for testing and comparing methods for identifying interphase and mitotic events and reconstructing their lineage, and for discriminating different cellular phenotypes.
Comparative in-vitro microscopic evaluation of vertical marginal discrepancy, microhardness, and surface roughness of nickel–chromium in new and recast alloy
Authors: Das Gotam , chaturvedi Saurabh , Naqash Talib Amin , Hussain Muhammad Waqar , Saquib Shahabe , Suleman Ghazala , Sindi Abdulelah Sameer , Shafi Shabina , Sharif Rania A.
Published: October 2023

Reusing of alloy has become a need of time due to the increasing demand, depletion of resources, and substantial increase in their price. The alloys used require a long-term stay in the oral cavity exposed to a wet environment, so they must have good wear resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanically good strength. In this study, the vertical marginal discrepancy, surface roughness, and microhardness of the new and recast nickel–chromium (base metal) alloys were evaluated. 125 wax patterns were fabricated from a customized stainless steel master die with a heavy chamfer cervical margin divided into 5 groups. Each group had 25 samples. Group A: 25 wax patterns were cast using 100% by weight of new alloy, Group B: the casting was done by using 75% new alloy and 25% alloy by weight, Group C: wax patterns were cast using 50% new alloy and 50% alloy, Group D: 25% new alloy and 75% alloy and Group E: 100% recast alloy. The vertical marginal discrepancy was measured by an analytical scanning microscope, microhardness was tested on a universal testing machine, and surface roughness was on a tester of surface roughness. Castings produced using new alloys were better than those obtained with reused alloys. Alloys can be reused till 50% by weight along with the new alloy and accelerated casting technique can be used to save the lab time to fabricate castings with acceptable vertical marginal discrepancy, microhardness, and surface roughness. This indicated that 50% recasting of (Ni–Cr) can be used as a good alternative for the new alloy from an economical point of view.
Skeletal convergence in thunniform sharks, ichthyosaurs, whales, and tunas, and its possible ecological links through the marine ecosystem evolution
Authors: Motani Ryosuke , Shimada Kenshu
Published: October 2023

Tunas, lamnid sharks, modern whales, and derived ichthyosaurs converged on the thunniform body plan, with a fusiform body, lunate caudal fin, compressed peduncle, and peduncle joint. This evolutionary convergence has been studied for a long time but little is known about whether all four clades share any skeletal characteristics. Comparisons of vertebral centrum dimensions along the body reveal that the four clades indeed share three skeletal characteristics (e.g., thick vertebral column for its length), while an additional feature is shared by cetaceans, lamnid sharks, and ichthyosaurs and two more by lamnid sharks and ichthyosaurs alone. These vertebral features are all related to the mechanics of thunniform swimming through contributions to posterior concentration of tail-stem oscillation, tail stem stabilization, peduncle joint flexibility, and caudal fin angle fixation. Quantitative identifications of these features in fossil vertebrates would allow an inference of whether they were a thunniform swimmer. Based on measurements in the literature, mosasaurs lacked these features and were probably not thunniform swimmers, whereas a Cretaceous lamniform shark had a mosaic of thunniform and non-thunniform features. The evolution of thunniform swimming appears to be linked with the evolution of prey types and, in part, niche availability through geologic time.
Strong coupling of hybrid states of light and matter in cavity-coupled quantum dot solids
Authors: Sangeetha Arumugam , Reivanth Kanagaraj , Thrupthika Thankappan , Ramya Subramaniam , Nataraj Devaraj
Published: October 2023

The formation of plasmon-exciton (plexciton) polariton is a direct consequence of strong light-matter interaction, and it happens in a semiconductor–metal hybrid system. Here the formation of plasmon-exciton polaritons was observed from an AgTe/CdTe Quantum Dot (QD) solid system in the strong coupling regime. The strong coupling was achieved by increasing the oscillator strength of the excitons by forming coupled QD solids. The anti-crossing-like behaviour indicates the strong coupling between plasmonic and excitons state in AgTe/CdTe QD solids, resulting in a maximum Rabi splitting value of 225 meV at room temperature. The formation of this hybrid state of matter and its dynamics were studied through absorption, photoluminescence, and femtosecond transient studies.