bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A five-year surveillance study of vaccination schedules using viral-vectored vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis in a high-density layer region
Authors: Santos Willian H.M. , Oliveira Leticia B. de , Leão Philipe A. , Hergot Izabella G. , Wenceslau Raphael R. , Rocha Christiane M.B.M. da , Ferreira Helena L. , Resende Mauricio , Martins Nelson R.S. , Spatz Stephen J. , Ecco Roselene
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of vectored recombinant vaccines to control infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in chickens from a region (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil) with ~10 million layers was evaluated under field conditions from 2014-2018. During this period, only recombinant turkey herpesvirus (rHVT) or fowl poxvirus (rFPV) vaccines that express antigens of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1; GaHV-1) were used. Layer chickens (n=1,283), from eight different egg-producing companies, were individually sampled and examined (active surveillance), and in instances when government poultry health veterinarians were notified due to respiratory disease (passive surveillance). Clinical, macroscopic, and histopathology examinations were performed to diagnose ILT as well as molecular techniques for the detection and characterization of the GaHV-1 DNA from the trachea and trigeminal ganglia (TG). The layer hens sampled and examined belonged to flocks and farms that used different vaccination protocols (non-vaccinated, single dose vaccination, and prime/boost vaccination). This is the first long-term field study of the effectiveness of ILT vectored vaccines in a high-density multiple age layer hen region. Using various diagnostic methods, the occurrence of GaHV-1 infection and ILT clinical disease in layer hens vaccinated with vectored recombinant vaccines in one quarantined region of Brazil were investigated. The number of ILTV positive chickens by PCR and ILT clinical disease cases was lower in farms when all chickens were vaccinated with at least one vaccine. However, the difference in the detection rates of GaHV-1 infection was significant only when compared farms with prime/boost and farms using single dose of HTV-LT.
Construção de um dispositivo para obtenção da impedância elétrica de sistemas utilizando Arduinos
Authors: Santos E.B. , Cezário Júnior M.A. , Araújo D.S. , Abreu T.M. , Dias R.A.
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho apresentamos a construção de um dispositivo para a determinação da impedância elétrica utilizando sistemas embarcados. Especificamente utilizamos dois Arduinos, ambos do tipo Nano, e um Conversor Digital Analógico (DAC). O primeiro Arduino, juntamente com o DAC, tem a função de gerar de um sinal harmônico que permita a variação de frequência na faixa de 2 Hz até 120 Hz. O segundo Arduino é responsável pela realização das medidas de tensão elétrica, corrente elétrica e a impedância elétrica do sistema de interesse. Além disso, as atividades experimentais tiveram uma maior ênfase em aplicar nessa plataforma o que os alunos aprenderam durante o curso de Física Prática 3 até o dado momento de forma teórica, com esse conhecimento, deu-se a construção do experimento. Os métodos aplicados se mostraram eficientes para a construção e aquisição de dados obtidos durante as medições da impedância.
Closure of defects in a geometric figure pattern associated with tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Serafim Eduardo Luís , Pazzini Josiane Morais , Rocha Michelle do Carmo Pereira , Linhares Laís Calazans Menescal , Nardi Andrigo Barboza de , Gartner Maria de Fátima Moutinho , Amorim Irina , Rema Alexandra , Faria Fátima , Uscategui Ricardo Andres Ramirez , Almeida Vivian Tavares de , Calpaa Carlos Alfredo , Calazans Sabrina Gouveia
Published: April 2022

Abstract The use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine can provide better intra- and postoperative analgesia that would benefit extensive reconstructive surgery. However, lidocaine can interfere with the healing process. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the local interference of the healing of induced and closed skin defects in a geometric pattern associated with the use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in rabbits. Furthermore, we assessed its influence on cardiorespiratory parameters and postoperative analgesia. This study included 27 rabbits divided into three groups: GC (without the use of tumescence), GS (use of tumescence with 0.9% NaCl solution), and GL (use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine). There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in any stage of the wound healing process on macroscopic evaluations, in the angiogenesis process, or in the process of collagenization and fibroblast deposition. There were significant differences in heart rate (lower in GL), respiratory rate (higher in GC), mean arterial pressure (higher in GL), and expired concentration of isoflurane (lower in GL). There was no significant intergroup difference in the von Frey filament test or the visual analog scale score used to evaluate postoperative analgesia. We concluded that tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine does not impair postoperative tissue repair. Its use features benefits such as reducing the volume of inhaled anesthetic, maintaining the anesthesia plan, stable heart and respiratory rates, and lower hypotension during the surgical procedure.
A qualidade e os determinantes do comércio intra-industrial do Brasil com países da OCDE
Authors: Castellano Eduardo Fabiano de Amorim , Bittencourt Maurício Vaz Lobo , Oliveira Camila Cristina Alves de
Published: April 2022

Resumo Com o crescente comércio intra-industrial entre os países, a qualidade dos produtos exportados por um país se tornou algo crucial para desenvolver o comércio e proporcionar aumento nas divisas, pois produtos de maior qualidade costumam atrair mais compradores e são vendidos a preços mais altos, contribuindo para o crescimento econômico. Assim, a análise comparativa das exportações brasileiras é uma boa ferramenta de obtenção de evidências e caminhos para o desenvolvimento comercial do país. O presente artigo busca analisar os determinantes e mensurar a qualidade do comércio intra-industrial (CII) entre o Brasil e os países da OCDE, que corresponderam a cerca de 40% do destino das exportações brasileiras no ano de 2019. Tradicionalmente, na mensuração do CII é utilizada a metodologia de Grubel e Lloyd (GL), sendo que para a decomposição entre CII horizontal (CIIH) e CII vertical (CIIV) normalmente é utilizado o método de Greenaway, Hine and Milner (GHM). Adicionalmente aos métodos mencionados, o presente estudo utiliza o método de Fontagné e Freudenberg (FF), pois ele possibilita a minimização de algumas limitações dos métodos anteriormente citados. Utilizando dados extraídos do Trade Map -(International Trade Centre - ITC) para os anos de 2001 a 2016, o qual capta choques importantes desde o início do período até o afastamento da presidente Dilma Roussef, esta pesquisa verificou que há diferenciação vertical entre os produtos exportados e importados pelo Brasil a cada um dos 35 países-membros da organização, além de investigar os determinantes do CIIV seguindo um modelo econométrico de dados em painel baseado em Falvey e Kierzkowski. A qualidade dos produtos exportados pelo Brasil mostrou-se, na média, inferior aos produtos importados pelo país durante o período em questão. Isso, conforme verificado nesse estudo, é explicado pela diferença entre a dotação de recursos dos países (Brasil e países da OCDE). Já sob uma ótica mais desagregada, o estudo mostrou que o Brasil se destaca em alguns setores frente a alguns países específicos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verifica-se que há necessidade de políticas comerciais e produtivas destinadas à melhoria da qualidade das exportações brasileiras, em diferentes setores, a fim de reduzir as diferenças entre as dotações de recursos para com os países de maior nível de renda, assim propiciando melhores condições de incremento da renda nacional por meio da exportação de produtos de melhor qualidade.
Quality of life of women submitted to facial aesthetic myofunctional therapy - educational status influence
Authors: Souza Cejana Baiocchi , Porto Celmo Celeno
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the influence of educational status on the quality of life of women submitted to facial aesthetic myofunctional therapy. Methods: a self-controlled experimental clinical trial conducted at the Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade (Open University for Seniors - UNATI) of the Pontífica Universidade Católica (Pontifical Catholic University - PUC) of Goiás, Brazil. The 44 participating women, aged 50 to 65 years, were divided into group 1 (having completed middle or high school) and group 2 (with a higher education degree) and were submitted to aesthetic myofunctional therapy. Data analysis was made with the paired t-test, Levene test, t-test to compare the means of independent groups, and Spearman correlation, at the 5% significance level. Results: after the aesthetic myofunctional therapy, the wrinkles and orofacial myofunctional balance improved significantly in groups 1 and 2. The physical aspects and overall health status mean scores increased significantly in group 1, after the intervention. There was no statistically significant difference in the women’s quality of life between groups. The correlation between educational status and the quality-of-life domains was predominantly low. Conclusion: the educational status did not interfere with the quality of life of women submitted to aesthetic myofunctional therapy.
Motricidade Orofacial e Disfagia: análise de teses defendidas por fonoaudiólogos brasileiros
Authors: Tozzo Ana Paula da Silva , Santos Patrícia Rocha dos , Ferraz Pablo Rodrigo Rocha , Ferreira Leslie Piccolotto
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Purpose: this study aimed to investigate the profile of the theses defended by Brazilian speech-language pathologists with a Doctoral Degree that analyzed issues related to Orofacial Motricity and Dysphagia. Methods: an exploratory retrospective documentary study, performed based on data collected on the Lattes Platform in 2017. The following variables were included: gender, time between graduation and defense, geographic location of institutions, type of institutions, program area and subareas. Results: among the 1,125 theses, 92 (8.1%) were related to Orofacial Motricity and 58 (5.1%) to Dysphagia; as for the gender of the speech-language pathologist, most were females (97.9% and 98.3% for Orofacial Motricity and Dysphagia, respectively); the average time between completing graduation and defending a doctorate was similar in both areas (13.8 years for Orofacial Motricity and 13.5 years for Dysphagia); most of the post-graduation degrees granted were in institutions in the Southeast region (70.0%) and in federal educational institutions. As for the area of knowledge, most were concentrated in Health Sciences (96.8%). Analyzing data referring to alterations present in adults, 54.3% in Orofacial Motricity and 82.7% in Dysphagia. Conclusion: the theses defended by speech-language pathologists addressing Orofacial Motricity and Dysphagia were written by women, on average a little over a decade after graduation in Speech-Language Pathology, and defended in programs offered by federal institutions, located in the Southeast region, in the area of Health Sciences. In addition, most of them focused on the analysis of alterations in adults.
Manual therapy for temporomandibular disorder in older adults: an integrative literature review
Authors: Lucena Laiza de Oliveira , Nascimento Camila Maria Mendes , Asano Nadja Maria Jorge , Coriolano Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales , Lins Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the manual therapy techniques used to treat the temporomandibular disorder in older adults. Methods: an integrative literature review assessing scientific publications indexed in six databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, and PEDro. Only intervention studies were included, with no restriction of date or language. The articles included in the review were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results: after consulting the databases, 88 articles were found, six of which were considered eligible. No study was found exclusively approaching older adults. According to the analysis of the risk of bias, two articles were classified as low-risk, two as intermediate, and two as high-risk. The manual therapy techniques were intra- and extraoral massage, temporomandibular joint and cervical spine mobilization, myofascial release, trigger-point finger pressure, and deep transverse massage. Conclusion: the studies observed improved mandibular movements and masticatory function, eased pain, and reduced anxiety.
Em Defesa de uma Concepção Complexa de Sujeito nos Estudos Organizacionais
Authors: Magalhães Alex Fernandes , Saraiva Luiz Alex Silva
Published: April 2022

Abstract This essay reflects on the need to expand the complexity of the notion of subject in the critical approaches used in organizational studies and to contribute with a new perspective on the human attribute in collective issues based on a new concept: the concrete procedural subject. The human and social sciences are faced with the challenge of delimiting their object of study (human beings in their manifestations) without excluding the biological, social, historical, and psychological dimensions that are inherent to them, thus avoiding reductionism. It is believed that this complex perspective is relevant to analyses of socio-organizational spaces since we take the subject as a fundamental analytical unit to understand organizational dynamics. Organizations emerge from the interrelationships between subjects, expanding, structuring, and institutionalizing themselves. Therefore, the subject and organization are inseparable, and dichotomies must be avoided in favor of knowledge production in organizational studies and other correlated areas. Based on a critical analysis and adopting a multifaceted and plural approach, with contributions from psychoanalysis, sociohistorical psychology, and post-structuralism, all of which address the complexity of the human being, this essay presents a notion of subject that is contradictory and fluid, which are the marks of its procedurality in contemporary times and the foundation for understanding the complex socio-organizational dynamic and its phenomena.
Gender, Feminism and Diplomacy: Analysing the Institution through the Lenses of Feminist International Relations
Authors: Lenine Enzo , Sanca Naentrem
Published: April 2022

Abstract The feminist agenda in International Relations has recently drawn attention to gender issues in diplomacy, focusing mainly, though not exclusively, on analysing the trajectories of female diplomats in the institution. Though scarce, these studies approach the topic primarily via national case studies, resorting to the concept of gender to examine the power structures based on ideals of masculinity and femininity, which establish patterns of inequality and discrimination within the institution. In this article, we review national and international studies on gender and diplomacy, aiming to map the theoretical and methodological articulations underlying the gender analysis of diplomacy, which sees it as a gendered institution where gender-based hierarchies of power operate. In terms of methodology, we discuss the main concepts and theoretical frameworks of this research agenda, unraveling their connections to the broader feminist agenda in IR. We map the most recurrent methods and point out both theoretical and methodological gaps that need to be addressed in future research. Furthermore, we briefly review the main studies on gender and diplomacy conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and academia, attempting to bridge national and international studies on gender and diplomacy. We conclude that the research agenda on gender and diplomacy has a rich conceptual and theoretical arsenal that establishes multiple dialogues with institutional feminist theories and with feminisms in IR. However, important gaps persist both in terms of the incorporation of intersectionality and cross-national comparative approaches, which are paramount to advancing gender analyses of diplomacy as an institution.
Rethinking Organizations and Society from Paradoxes
Authors: Cunha Miguel Pina e
Published: April 2022

Abstract The theory of organizational paradoxes provides a lens for observing organizations and society, based on the role of tensions and contradictions. Taking the existence of opposing forces as inherent in pluralistic collectives such as complex organizations, paradox theory offers a conceptual angle with unique advantages. In this article, ways of rethinking organizations and society are discussed, based on the generative possibilities of paradoxes. The text addresses the way paradoxes operate at different levels and how they are felt by individuals, teams, organizations, inter-organizational systems and society as a whole. It also discusses how the paradoxical approach can inform the debate in four important areas for rethinking organizations and society: the relationship between business and society, sustainable development goals, the new space and democracy.
Evaluation of herpesvirus members on hospital admission in patients with systemic lupus erythematous shows higher frequency of Epstein-Barr virus and its associated renal dysfunction
Authors: Lino Katia , Alves Lilian Santos , Trizzotti Natalia , Raposo Jessica Vasques , Souza Cintia Fernandes , Silva Andrea Alice da , Paula Vanessa Salete de , Almeida Jorge Reis
Published: April 2022

Abstract Introduction: Members of the Herpesviridae family have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), but the clinical impact on renal function is not well known. Methods: HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 were evaluated by molecular biology on admission in blood samples from 40 consecutive SLE patients hospitalized for lupus activity. Results: Patients were 90.0% female, 77.5% non-white, with average age of 32.7 ± 13.6 years. We found positivity for EBV (65.0%), CMV (30.0%), HSV-1 (30.0%), HHV-6 (12.5%), and HHV-7 (7.5%). For all viruses, age, SLEDAI, hematological tests, ferritin, LDH, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were not significant. However, EBV positivity was a significant factor for higher serum creatinine (3.0 ± 2.8 vs. 0.9 ± 0.8; P = 0.001) and urea (86 ± 51 vs. 50 ± 46; P = 0.03). Moreover, positive cases for EBV only or with combined co-infections (66.7%-CMV; 58.3%-HSV-1) or negative for EBV only were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis test again showed statistical significance for serum creatinine and urea (both P ≤ 0.01), with posttest also showing statistical differences for renal dysfunction and EBV presence (alone or in combined co-infections). The presence of EBV viral load was also significant for nephrotic-range proteinuria, renal flare, and the need for hemodialysis. Conclusion: Members of the Herpeviridae family (mainly EBV, HSV-1 and CMV) are common on hospital admission of SLE patients, reaching 65% for EBV, which seems to be associated with renal dysfunction and could reflect a previous association or overlapping disease, which is not well understood.
Meu Deus, lá vem ele de novo! O cuidado à saúde aos “hiperutilizadores” na Atenção Básica
Authors: Tureck Fernando , Chioro Arthur , Andreazza Rosemarie
Published: April 2022

Este artigo visa analisar aspectos no cuidado aos “hiperutilizadores” na Atenção Básica por meio da percepção dos profissionais e dos usuários. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, do tipo estudo de caso, em que “hiperutilizadores” e profissionais foram entrevistados. A maneira como os profissionais definem quem é um usuário “hiperutilizador” é mais complexa do que o número total de consultas realizadas, passando pela identificação das necessidades em saúde que motivam a busca por cuidados. Os usuários com necessidades que extrapolam o alcance do modelo biomédico muitas vezes não têm as suas necessidades corretamente identificadas ou consideradas legítimas, e são considerados “hiperutilizadores” independentemente do número de consultas. O estudo serviu como um analisador da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS). Mantém-se um modelo ainda centrado na racionalidade biomédica, com pouca abertura para a “vida como ela é” e para o conhecimento e o “agir-leigo”.
Colonialismo y despojo en Wallmapu, sur de Chile: expansión territorial y capitalismo en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Escalona-Ulloa Miguel , Olea-Peñaloza Jorge
Published: April 2022

Resumen: La invasión militar del Wallmapu tuvo como motivo principal el anexar al dominio estatal dicho territorio para transformarlo en un espacio funcional a la consolidación del predominio político, económico y cultural del Estado moderno. A través de una reflexión enmarcada en la historia ambiental y la ecología política histórica, se busca analizar el proceso de despojo que sostuvo el Estado chileno y la consolidación del capitalismo en la zona. Mediante el análisis de decretos, leyes y documentos oficiales, así como el testimonio de viajeros y cronistas, se destacan las motivaciones y medios utilizados en la ocupación. De esta manera, se reflexiona en torno a la complementariedad de las estrategias utilizadas poniendo el énfasis en la racionalidad sobre la naturaleza que la modernidad impuso, así como ésta es utilizada para someter y dominar los territorios mapuche que hasta la actualidad siguen en disputa.
No rastro do Museu do Carnaval Tia Dodô da Portela: por uma proposta decolonial
Authors: Almeida Angélica Ferrarez de
Published: April 2022

Resumo: Através da preservação da cultura material produzida pelos sujeitos negros no universo do samba e carnaval, abordaremos a trajetória de Tia Dodô da Portela, refletindo os regimes de visibilidade, protagonismo e emancipação desenvolvidos por mulheres negras na dimensão política, cultural e de organização dos espaços da memória em países de reminiscências coloniais, como é o caso do Brasil. Tia Dodô inscreveu seu nome na história social das mulheres pela via do samba e foi responsável por outra intervenção no mundo ao transformar sua casa, em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro, em um museu do carnaval. Atualizando a prática política por tornar visível o trabalho que mulheres negras empreendem a partir das margens, teve nesse espaço uma abertura radical de resistência e possibilidades, pois a criação de sítios museológicos elaborados por mulheres negras acionam a potência das histórias múltiplas na partilha do comum.
A Polícia Federal no processo de transição: o desafio da Justiça de Transição e da superação dos valores autoritários, analisados a partir da gestão do delegado Romeu Tuma
Authors: Brandão Priscila
Published: April 2022

Resumo: Este artigo tem como principal objetivo realizar uma leitura do processo de transição brasileira para a democracia a partir da análise da trajetória profissional do ex-delegado da Polícia Civil de São Paulo, Romeu Tuma, e demonstrar a dificuldade que houve naquele momento em promover profundas mudanças institucionais nos órgãos de repressão, a partir do exemplo específico da Polícia Federal. Este debate será realizado à luz de dois conjuntos teóricos que se interconectam: um debate sobre a Justiça de Transição e um debate neoinstitucionalista que considera a especificidade das regras do jogo sobre a reformulação de instituições vinculadas aos setores de segurança e defesa nacional.
A visita de quatro escritores brasileiros aos Estados Unidos em tempos de guerra (1941-1946)
Authors: Morinaka Eliza Mitiyo
Published: April 2022

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação de Erico Verissimo, Orígenes Lessa, Sérgio Milliet e Vianna Moog como divulgadores das culturas brasileira e estadunidense no âmbito dos intercâmbios culturais do Office of the Coordinator of Interamerican Affairs (1941-1946), que movimentou o campo acadêmico, artístico e literário na América Latina e nos Estados Unidos e fortaleceu o ideal de entendimento mútuo para alcançar a solidariedade hemisférica no período da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Esses escritores foram convidados pelo Departamento de Estado como parte do compromisso de reciprocidade do programa para melhor conhecer aspectos da cultura estadunidense, ao mesmo tempo em que deveriam divulgar a cultura brasileira nas cidades pelas quais passaram. Demonstrarei como a participação desses intelectuais foi atravessada por projetos pessoais, profissionais e políticos, num cenário de reivindicação pela liberdade de expressão e de imprensa no período autoritário do governo de Getúlio Vargas.
Concrete splitting and tip-bearing effect in the bond of anchored bars tested under fatigue loading in the push-in mode: An experimental investigation
Authors: Baktheer Abedulgader , Spartali Homam , Chudoba Rostislav , Hegger Josef
Published: April 2022

The load scenario with a compressive force applied to an anchored bar (push-in mode) has not been sufficiently addressed so far with reference to fatigue, since most of the studies available in the literature are focused on bond behavior under tensile forces (pull-out mode). However, special structures like the towers of wind turbines subjected to alternating moments (and tensile-compressive forces) due to the variable wind direction, are fostering the interest for the fatigue behavior of concrete-bar bond under compressive forces, all the more because several millions of load cycles may be applied. An extensive experimental investigation has been carried out in this research project using a modified beam-end test in the push-in mode. Fifty beam-end specimens were tested under monotonic loads, as well as under low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue loads, with different bar diameters and bonded lengths. The failure modes and bond behavior with the end sections of the anchored bars either unloaded (free ends) or pushing against the concrete (compression ends exhibiting the well-known tip-bearing effect) were investigated as well. The results of the cyclic tests in the push-in mode are compared with those available in the literature in the pull-out mode, through the usual Wöhler curves and fatigue-induced creep curves. Based on this comparative analysis, the failure mechanisms of bond under fatigue loading are identified, with specific attention to the interaction between bond behavior and splitting cracks.
From uniqueness to singularity through city prestige
Authors: Elshater Abeer , Abusaada Hisham
Published: April 2022

This paper as a briefing explains the difference between ‘city uniqueness’ and ‘city singularity’ and emphasises how a city's notoriety promotes its unique characteristics in a deliberate direction towards the singularity. This viewpoint asserts that the significant urban forms are responsible for cities’ uniqueness. In contrast, city singularity is concerned with the tangible and intangible components of urban form and city life. Events or daily life experiences, an ambiance that authentically captures its history’, chronicles, ideologies, religions, beliefs and human values are the intangible aspects of cities that confer prestige on the unique forms of cities and promote singularity. The concluding remarks reveal the commonalities between the two terms, distinguishing the imageability of tangible urban forms (e.g. star architecture and artefacts). Having a strong psychological sense of place provides a city with a good reputation, a good name and a good image, thus distinguishing it from other cities, as evidenced by contribution of proposing a method for determining the distinctions between these words.
Determination of the Position, Development and Level of Difficulty for Third Molar Surgery in Patients Aged 12 to 17 Years Attended in the Buccomaxillofacial Surgery Service of the National Institute of Child Health, Lima-Peru
Authors: CC Arenas , SC Olivera , DO Huapaya
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the position, degree of development and level of difficulty for impacted third molar surgery in patients aged 12 to 17 years treated at the National Institute of Children’s Health.
The Constitutionality of the National Health Insurance Bill: The Treatment of Asylum Seekers
Authors: Moyo Priscilla , Botha Joanna , Govindjee Avinash
Published: April 2022

As the supreme law of the land, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) requires that any law or conduct be consistent with its provisions. The Draft National Health Insurance Bill, 2019 (the Bill) is no exception. Clause 4 of the Bill states that South African citizens, permanent residents and refugees will have access to quality health care services whilst asylum seekers and undocumented migrants will have access to emergency medical services, as well as services for notifiable conditions of public health concern. The treatment of asylum seekers is concerning given the fact that asylum seekers are a vulnerable group which enjoys special status under international law. This article seeks to assess the constitutionality of clause 4 of the Bill in so far as it limits the access to health care services for asylum seekers. The objective is to ascertain the extent to which the differential treatment of asylum seekers is permissible. Clause 4 of the Bill will be benchmarked against sections 9 and 27 of the Constitution and international law.
Orthopaedic surgical training exposure at a South African academic hospital - is the experience diverse and in depth?
Authors: Dunn Cara , Held Michael , Laubscher Maritz , Nortje Marc , Roche Stephen , Dunn Robert
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: With increasing pressure on our training hospitals, we undertook to ascertain whether our clinical orthopaedic surgery training platform is providing adequate surgical exposure, both in diversity and the level of trainee participation METHODS: The orthopaedic surgery database was interrogated for theatre procedures logged for the 12-month period 1 January to 31 December 2018. Each theatre case was assessed as to the level of trainee participation, whether it was performed during or after hours, and categorised as being elective or trauma in nature, as well as the orthopaedic subdiscipline RESULTS: A total of 3 147 orthopaedic surgical procedures were logged with an even split of elective (51.1%) and trauma (49.9%) cases. Adults predominated in the trauma group while the paediatric service contributed most to the elective cases, followed by arthroplasty and spine. Overall, 25.5% of procedures were performed by consultants and 74.5% by registrars. Registrars were more frequently the primary surgeon in trauma cases (90%) compared to elective procedures (59%) (p < 0.001). Of the elective cases, 37% were performed by registrars as supervised unscrubbed and 22% as supervised scrubbed operations. In total, 17.5% of cases were performed after hours, with 31.7% of trauma surgeries and only 2.9% of elective surgeries occurring after hours. Registrars were the primary surgeon in 98.7% of after-hours trauma cases and 58% of after-hours elective cases under unscrubbed supervision CONCLUSION: Our study presents the surgical experience and level of participation available to orthopaedic surgical trainees in a South African training hospital where their exposure was an equal number of elective and trauma cases. The vast majority of the cases were performed by the registrars in their supervised unscrubbed capacity although the more complex, elective cases were performed by consultants. Almost all after-hours trauma cases were performed by registrars. This suggests the platform allows for a high level of registrar surgical participation and training despite the challenges. Further review is required to assess achievement of trainee competency and whether in fact the current experience is adequate Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: orthopaedic registrar surgical experience, South African orthopaedic training exposure, orthopaedic case exposure
Not strong enough? Movements generated during clinical examination of sagittal and rotational laxity in a cadaver knee
Authors: le Roux Johan A , Bezuidenhout Carel W , Klopper Juan , Hobbs Hayden , von Bormann Richard , Held Michael
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is associated with sagittal and rotational laxity, which is exacerbated by damage to the anterolateral capsuloligamentous structures, also known as the anterolateral ligament (ALL). The amount of laxity reported in biomechanical studies might be clinically insignificant during a surgeon's examination, possibly influencing clinical judgement. We aimed to measure whether the motion generated by clinicians in a cadaver model after the ACL and ALL were transected is clinically significant METHODS: A group of orthopaedic surgeons and trainees examined a cadaver knee for sagittal and rotational laxity at 30° and 90° with intact ligaments, after the ACL was transected, and after the ACL and ALL were transected. The examiners were blinded to the dissection process. Rotational and sagittal movements during these examinations were recorded by a computer-assisted surgery (CAS) system RESULTS: Twenty-four orthopaedic surgeons took part in the study. The median sagittal plane motion captured by CAS at 30° flexion was 7 mm (IQR 2 mm, p-value 0.32) in the intact knee, 9 mm (IQR 1 mm, p-value 0.34) after the ACL was cut and 9 mm (IQR 3 mm, p-value 0.63) after ACL and ALL were cut. The median arc of rotational motion at 30° was 19° (IQR 7°, p-value 0.12) in the intact knee, 24° (IQR 5°, p-value 0.56) after the ACL was cut, and 22° (IQR 6°, p-value 0.8) after the ACL and ALL were cut. None of the differences in these movements was significant CONCLUSION: The surgeons could not generate significant differences in sagittal or rotational motion in a cadaver model, which could be objectively detected by CAS, when examining the intact knee, ACL deficient (only), or combined ACL and ALL deficient knee. This challenges the utility of known clinical tests and calls for improved objective laxity assessment tools to provide input in clinical decision-making and measure outcomes of these injuries Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: knee, anterolateral ligament, anterior drawer's test, pivot shift, rotatory instability, anterior cruciate ligament, iliotibial band, Kaplan fibres
Kripto Sanat Eserleri Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme ve Vandalizmin Eşiğindeki NFT Yaklaşımı
Authors: ODUNCU Semih
Published: April 2022

Dijital tarihin akışına yön veren blok zinciri teknolojisi sanat tasarım ve ekonomi gibi birçok alanda yankı uyandırmıştır. Kripto ekonomi ağında geliştirilen NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) varlık birimi ile tasarımcılar ve sanatçılar etki alanlarını genişletmişlerdir. Dijital eserlerin değer kazanması ve sahiplik haklarının lisanslanabilmesi, bilgi çağında sanat ve tasarımın dijital baskınlığının bir göstergesi olmuştur. Bu gelişmeler dijital sanata dair yeni tartışmaları gündeme getirmiştir. Eserin dijital varlığı ile fiziksel varlığı arasındaki kıyas bazı sanat eserlerinin sadece dijitalde var olabilmeleri adına fiziksel varlıklarının yakılarak yok edilmesi gibi durumlarla sonuçlanmıştır.Teknolojinin doğru amaçlarla kullanılabilmesi için öncelikle altyapısının doğru anlaşılması gerektiği göz önünde bulundurularak, NFT teknolojisinin anlaşılabilmesi adına araştırmada blok zinciri teknolojisine ayrıntılı bir şekilde yer verilmiştir. Teknolojideki bu kritik gelişmelerin altyapısının anlaşılması kripto sanat alanında atılacak adımların daha nitelikli olması ve yeni kripto koşullara uyum sağlanabilmesi açısından önemlidir. Araştırma, dijital çağın sunduğu olanakların doğru kullanımı ve bu doğrultuda yaşanan gelişmelerin odağında biçimlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda kripto sanat eserlerinin anlamsal değeri Beeple’ın Everydays: The First 5000 days isimli eseri üzerinden sanat eleştirmenleri ve sanatçıların yorumları ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada, lisanslanarak eşsiz birer dijital varlığa dönüştürülen sanat eserleri fiziksel varlıkları üzerinden irdelenmiş, varlıkların dijital ve fiziksel varoluşları adına ortaya koyulan eserler ve projeler değerlendirilmiş, sonuç kısmında doküman ve metin analizi yapılmıştır. Bu şekilde bir dijital varlığın kendini gerçeklemesi için fiziksel varlığından kurtulunması düşüncesi ve vandallık arasındaki fark ortaya koyulmuştur.
Taşköprülüzâde’nin Nefsü’l-Emr Görüşü İle Popper’ın Üçüncü Dünya Görüşünün Karşılaştırılması
Authors: TÜLÜCE Hüseyin Adem
Published: April 2022

Filozoflar, varlıkların yerinin neresi olduğu problemini ontolojik bağlamda incelemişlerdir. Platon, idealarına Aristoteles, sûretlerine bir yer bulmaya çalışmıştır. Platon, varlıkların ötesinde müteal bir alanı gösterirken Aristoteles, varlıkların kendisini gösterir. Bu problem felsefe tarihinde tümeller, mahiyet, faal akıl ve nefsü’l-emr çerçevesinde tartışılır. Bu meselenin altında yatan esas saik varlıkların yerinin neresi olduğunu açıklama çabasıdır. Taşköprülüzâde Ahmed Efendi (ö.968/1561)’nin görüşleri bağlamında nefsü’l-emr, ‘bir şeyin kendisi’ anlamındadır. “Emr”, şey “nefs” ise bu şeyin zâtı manasında kullanılır. Bu manada nefsü’l-emr bir şeyin kendinde varlığıdır. Bir şeyin kendinde varlığı, gerçekleşmesinin kendinde olması ve herhangi bir varsayanın varsayımına dayanmamasıdır. Varlıkların yeri dış dünyadaki somut gerçeklik, insan zihnindeki temsiller veya doğruluk değeri bağlamında nefsü’l-emr olabilir. Taşköprülüzâde, bilginin oluşumu çerçevesinde zihindeki sûretlerin ilk önce faal akılda meydana geldiğini ve faal akılda meydana gelen suretlerin zihinde belirdiğini ve böylece bilginin ortaya çıktığını ileri sürer. Taşköprülüzâde’ye göre bilginin kaynağı dış dünyadaki varlıklar değildir, bilgi mâhiyetten hareketle meydana gelir. Varlıkların müteal bir mahalle dayanması bilginin metafizik yerinin belirlenmesi noktasında önemlidir. Böylece varlıkların bilgisi Tanrısal bir alandan insan zihnine aktarılır. Karl Popper (ö.1994)’ın ontolojisinde çoklu dünya kuramı önemli bir yere sahiptir. Popper, üç dünyadan söz eder; Dünya 1, Dünya 2 ve Dünya 3’tür. Dünya 1, fizik nesnelerin ve fizik durumların dünyasıdır. Dünya 2, bilinç durumlarının dünyasıdır. Dünya 3, bilimsel düşüncelerin nesnel içeriklerinin dünyasıdır. Üçüncü dünya insanın ürettiği bütün bilgi birikimidir. Bu nedenle de eleştirilebilir. Birinci ve ikinci dünyanın yok olması insanlığa bir şey kaybettirmez fakat üçüncü dünya yok olduğunda bugüne kadarki tüm bilgi birikimlerinin yeniden inşa edilmesi gerekir. Üçüncü dünyayı insan üretse de insandan bağımsız ve özerktir. Hem Taşköprülüzâde hem de Popper var olanları doğruluk değeri bağlamında ontolojik bir zemin aramışlardır. Burada Taşköprülüzade’nin nefsü’l-emr anlayışında bir yönü tanrısal bir yönü zihinsel olan bir varlık zemini varken Popper’de bu zemin tamamıyla insan ürünüdür. Doğruluk ölçütü açısından Taşköprülüzâde tanrısal alana dayanırken Popper insanî alana dayanmıştır.
Indonesian Online Media Construction of American Elected President, Donald Trump
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, Al Makmun Muhammad Taufiq , Kusciati Karunia Purna ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, Kusumastuti Fenty ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
Published: April 2022

The study aims to look at how online media in Indonesia construct Donald Trump's image as the elected president of the United States of America (USA). This research is a qualitative descriptive study using transnational American studies and historical approaches which also employs framing and media construction of reality theory. Framing and media construction of reality are employed to see how the media construct Trump's image to affect the Indonesian readers in terms of perceiving the image of Trump. The transnational study is used to see how the USA has influenced foreign countries, focusing on Indonesia. The inauguration of the USA’s president is significant for the Indonesian media and society and therefore, there is an impending need to review and drive opinions on the construction of Trump's image. In contrast, the historical approach is used to see how the media associate Trump with the history in the USA. Two online media: Kompas and Media Indonesia, provide the research data. The sample was taken from articles published a week before and a week after his inauguration address on January 20th, 2017. The finding shows that there are six issues used as frames in both of the online newspapers. They are (1) the consequences of Trump's appointment, (2) rejection of Trump’s leadership, (3) Trump vs. Obama, (4) Trump and the media, (5) Trump’s concept of Make America Great Again (MAGA), and (6) the celebration of Trump’s inauguration. Trump is constructed as a popular figure through his rhetoric. His capability as a president is, however, questioned. Keywords: Media construction of reality, President Trump, online news, transnational studies, American studies.
Challenges and Intercultural Adaptation Among Japanese Students to Malaysian Culture: A Case Study
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Ismail Isma Rosila , Abdul Rashid Roswati ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Ab Rashid Rosmalizawati ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Singh Parveen Kaur Sarjeet ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Yushriman Yus Sharmiza ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Published: April 2022

Outcomes of a case study based on the Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters (AIE) released by the Council of Europe are presented in this article. The paper is created as a supplement to help students reflect critically on unique intercultural interactions. The study claims that the document may be utilised in its original question-and-answer format to examine intercultural experiences critically and as a framework for students to create intercultural encounter narratives. As a result, this document may be used to write reflective narratives on students’ intercultural experiences, such as studying abroad. Two Japanese students on a short program in Malaysia were asked to create a story on their intercultural experiences for this research. The students then submitted their responses to the same experience’s questions in AIE. They created their narrative using AIE as a framework, and content analysis of the two AIE narratives indicated that the narrative based on AIE was more critical in its perspective of intercultural encounters. According to the findings, the student found creating a story focused on AIE to be helpful to both herself and the audience. Therefore, it can be concluded that adopting AIE as a framework for writing intercultural encounter narratives might be beneficial, particularly in describing intercultural communication scenarios. Students might enhance their awareness of intercultural conflict situations and develop their communication skills by reading such collected narratives. Keywords: Autobiography, intercultural encounters, intercultural competence, narrative, critical thinking.
Community-Based Mental Health Services in Azerbaijan: a Course Toward Development
Authors: Ismayilov Fuad Nadir
Published: April 2022

Community mental health care in Azerbaijan was established in 2011 in the line with the countrys mental health reform. The main directions of the reform, as described in the National Mental Health Strategy, were deinstitutionalization, improving quality of care, integration of mental health into primary healthcare, and implementation of modern community-based services. Over the last decade, the number of beds in psychiatric hospitals has significantly decreased, and many psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses have been transferred to primary care facilities. At the same time, programs focusing on comprehensive care have been implemented in different regions of the country.
Community mental health services currently employ various kinds of mental health professional including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, and nurses to ensure a multidisciplinary approach to care provision. Team-based care may focus on crisis resolution, psychosocial rehabilitation, case management, family support, and early intervention for psychosis.
Among the barriers preventing development of community mental health services, one should note, in particular, stigma belittling the priority of mental healthcare, uncertainty in distribution of authority between the Ministry of Health and the State Agency for Mandatory Health Insurance, and a general scarcity of human resources, especially in the rural regions. Nevertheless, the mental health care in Azerbaijan is continuing its transition from an institutional model to community-based services.
Loneliness Among the Elderly: a Mini Review
Authors: Grover Sandeep
Published: April 2022

Loneliness is understood as a painful negative emotion. Since its introduction into the psychiatric literature in 1959, the understanding of loneliness has improved considerably, and is now understood to be a distinct entity to such issues as social isolation, solitude, and depression. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the general definition of loneliness. Similarly, different dimensions of loneliness have been described in the literature. It is understood in terms of either transient versus situational versus chronic loneliness; state versus trait loneliness; and the concept of unidimensional versus multidimensional loneliness. The reported prevalence of loneliness varies considerably in the literature, with evidence from metanalysis suggesting the prevalence of moderate loneliness that ranges from 31 to 100% with a mean of 61%, and that of severe loneliness ranging from 9 to 81%, with a mean prevalence of 35% among the elderly. Loneliness among the elderly is associated with significant adverse mental and physical health outcomes in the form of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, depression, anxiety, dementia, and even problematic internet use. Over the years, different instruments [University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Single-Item direct measure of loneliness] have been designed to assess loneliness among the elderly. Some of the interventions suggest that persons experiencing loneliness could benefit from improved social skills, enhanced social support, increased opportunities for social contact, and addressing maladaptive social cognition.
Mental Health of Older Adults: an Agenda for Action
Authors: Javed Afzal
Published: April 2022

The worlds population is ageing rapidly. Estimates by the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) suggest that between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world's older adults will almost double from about 12% to 22% [1]. In absolute terms, this is an expected increase from 900 million to 2 billion people over the age of 60. Older people face unique physical and mental health challenges that need to be recognized. Mental health and well-being are particularly important in older age. While most have good mental health, many older adults are at high risk of developing mental and neurological disorders, as well as other medical conditions. Similarly, as people age, they are more likely to experience a number of conditions at the same time [2]. Besides, there are numerous social, psychological, and ecological factors that can impact the mental wellbeing of older people.
Mental illness among the Jews in connection with the pathology of the Jews in general
Authors: Vermel S. S.
Published: April 2022

The question of the incidence of Jews, the so-called pathology of the Jews, has recently attracted the attention of both demographers and doctors. In Berlin, even a special journal "Zeitsshrift fr Demographie und Statistik der luden" has been published for a long time, in which a lot of space is devoted specifically to the pathology of the Jews.
Meeting on the organization of charity for mentally ill soldiers
Authors: Vyrubov Nikolai A.
Published: April 2022

On November 24-27, 1916, a meeting of representatives of public organizations, departments and psychiatrists was held in Petrograd, convened in accordance with the decisions of the Main Committees of the Zemsky and City Unions. The meeting discussed the issues of organizing charity for mentally ill soldiers, dismissed from service and other persons involved in the war.