bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discouraging citizenship? Young people's reactions to news media coverage of anti-Iraq war protesting in the UK
Authors: Cushion Stephen
Published: April 2009

Drawing on a survey completed by 699 young people in the UK at the beginning of the 2003 war in Iraq, this article explores young people's reactions to how young anti-war protestors were represented in news media. The survey taps into young people's opinions at a key democratic moment when many school children — to the surprise of many politicians and journalists — took to the streets to demonstrate their opposition to UK foreign policy making.

The findings suggest that news coverage of the anti-war protests discouraged some young people from participating in the political public sphere. Many respondents also provided suggestions as to how news media could renew a sense of political efficacy amongst young people in ways that might encourage a greater connection between their political beliefs and key democratic structures.
Anti-party sentiment among young adults
Authors: Kestilä-Kekkonen Elina
Published: April 2009

The study seeks to explore antipartyism in Western Europe. Particularly, it focuses on the extent to which the young adults differ from their elders in terms of trust in parties in fourteen West European countries. Pooled data, based on the European Social Survey 2006/2007, is employed and analyzed by means of ordinary least squares multiple regression. The other socio-economic background variables of the model, as well as the political background, interpersonal trust and the country of origin, are controlled in order to isolate the effect of age. The analysis shows that trust in parties of 18–30 year olds is, on average, significantly higher than in the rest of the population which contradicts the assumptions of the post-modernization theory and the empirical fact that electoral participation among West European young adults is constantly decreasing. Thus, the article suggests that antipartyism and political participation should be seen as distinct processes at different birth cohorts and perhaps also at different stages of the lifecycle.
Youth culture as a context of political learning
Authors: Pfaff Nicolle
Published: April 2009

Research on the political socialization of the young currently focuses on the following life spheres: family, school, media, service institutions, socio-structural and socio-economic conditions. Studies mainly rely on standardized methods, for example, reports on elections or youth surveys on political culture. Just as the voices of adolescents are not heeded, youth culture as youth-specific styles of music, symbols and values is only rarely taken into account by the current research on political socialization. Based on quantitative and qualitative methods, this article outlines the importance of youth cultural styles for the development of civic competencies. In the case of Germany it can be shown that particular youth cultural styles provide space for the analysis of current social and political problems and provide chances for young people to take political action
Whose arena is the EU youth policy?
Authors: Laine Sofia , Gretschel Anu
Published: April 2009

The article has a triple aim. The first aim is to study the structure of EU youth policy, especially the role of the EU Presidency youth events in the EU institution. The EU youth event in Hyvinkää during the Finnish EU Presidency in 2006 was the starting point of our case study. Second, we analyze how the EU Presidency youth events, the case of Hyvinkää in particular, function as tools of political influence in forming EU youth policy. Third, we analyze the Hyvinkää youth event as a democratic miniature society. To show the variety of youth participation in the different political arenas of the EU we bring reflections from the European Youth Forum and the European Youth Parliament to our analysis. The study suggests that in the future the EU Presidency youth events should function as important and versatile arenas of learning-by-doing enabling the growth of ‘young active EU policy citizens’.
Storytelling and Change: An Unfolding Story
Authors: Brown Andrew D. , Gabriel Yiannis , Gherardi Silvia
Published: April 2009

Change spawns stories and stories can trigger change. Stories can also block change and can define what constitutes change. In this Introduction to the special issue, the special issue editors explore some of the current debates on stories and organizational change, introduce the articles that are included in the issue, identify some prominent themes (power, identity construction and defence, plurivocality, knowledge transfer, boundary unfreezing, sense-making and sense-destroying) and some possible blind spots (authenticity, narrative structure). In this way, they offer a conspectus on the current state of play in this field, signalling some challenges and directions for the future.
From Loss to Lack: Stories of Organizational Change as Encounters with Failed Fantasies of Self, Work and Organization
Authors: Driver Michaela
Published: April 2009

This study advances research on storytelling and organizational change by exploring forty stories of change from a psychoanalytic, particularly Lacanian, perspective. It suggests that stories of organizational change serve an important and, to date, under-explored role as creative and empowering encounters with failed fantasies of self, work and organization. Implications for research on storytelling and organizational change are discussed.
On Telling Stories But Hearing Snippets: Sense-taking from Presentations of Practice
Authors: Sims David , Huxham Chris , Beech Nic
Published: April 2009

The practice of inviting managers and leaders to make formal presentations telling the story of their experience to others is widespread. In this article we explore these as a way of looking at how audiences learn and change from stories they are told. We considered a range of speakers from high profile `circuit speakers' to little known `experience sharers'. We develop a conceptualization of the way members of an audience learn from the stories that are told by speakers. We started from the expectation that people would feel that they had learned most from stories that came over as `factual description', with causal connections, attributed agency and intentional acts. Our investigation, however, found that people remembered, and said that they had changed because of, stories that were rich in `decorative' detail but which had little practical detail on what the speaker actually did or why. What was retained by audience members were snippets of a story which could be reconstituted later by the listener for their own purposes.
Moving Away from Chronological Time: Introducing the Shadows of Time and Chronotopes as New Understandings of `Narrative Time'
Authors: Pedersen Anne Reff
Published: April 2009

This article aims to present and explain `time' as a theoretical and a narrative concept. Most studies of change management define time as chronological time. This article presents two alternative time definitions: the shadows of time and the chronotopes, pointing toward understanding time as an asymmetric literary genre in futures studies of change management.
Challenging Hegemonic Masculinities: Men's Stories on Gender Culture in Organizations
Authors: Murgia Annalisa , Poggio Barbara
Published: April 2009

The article emphasizes the importance of storytelling in helping or hindering a change in organizational practices brought about by the entry into force of a legislative measure. It concentrates in particular on the introduction of a normative change intended to reshape the dominant gender order by giving fathers the same rights to parental leave as mothers. Whilst storytelling can be an instrument of change, it may also be perceived and used as a means to prevent such change and to consolidate dominant models. In the latter case, analysis of rebellious and marginal voices reveals hegemonic practices and brings out viewpoints silenced by the official versions. The stories of eight men, belonging to different organizations, who have experienced parental leave, enable analysis to be made of the ways in which organizational storytelling can support or prevent the introduction of a change which challenges the symbolic gender order within organizations.
Storytelling and `Character': Victims, Villains and Heroes in a Case of Technological Change
Authors: Whittle Andrea , Mueller Frank , Mangan Anita
Published: April 2009

In this article we examine the role of stories in the temporal development of images of the self at work. Drawing on an in-depth case study of technological change in a UK public-private partnership, we highlight the role of stories in the construction, maintenance and defence of actors' moral status and organizational reputation. The analysis focuses on the development of one `character' as he shifted from the role of innocent victim to implied villain to heroic survivor within the stories constructed during routine work conversations. We argue that stories are intimately linked to the forms of `moral accounting' that serve to deal with the challenges to `face' and social positioning that accompany `failed' organizational change. Stories, we suggest, are likely to be invoked when an interactional encounter threatens the participants' sense of social worth. Stories in which we present ourselves in a positive light—for instance as virtuous, honourable, courageous, caring, committed, competent— comprise a key component of face-saving strategies designed to maintain our social positioning: processes that are often intensified during periods of organizational change.
Constituting Change and Stability: Sense-making Stories in a Farming Organization
Authors: Peirano-Vejo Maria Elisa , Stablein Ralph E.
Published: April 2009

Recognizing the multiplicity of stories and possible interpretations in any narrative approach, we develop our `story' (i.e. this journal article) within the emerging tradition of responsible writing. We conceptualize organizational change as the normal condition of organizing rather than as an episodic event. In these circumstances, sense-giving and sense-making stories were found to be important in handling and creating instances of stability. Further, we attempt to show how old stories are told in new ways, while adapting to changing needs of its members created by contextual developments. We provide a discursive analysis of an institutional video on Knowledge Management, four in-depth interviews with members of the Argentine Association of Regional Consortiums of Agricultural Experimentation (AACREA), a rural farming association and a set of twenty-one interview transcripts from the institution's archives. An analysis of dualities present in the stories show how change is both managed (sense-giving) and understood (sense-making). We refer to five of these dualities and show how the tension they carry is functional and productive to the growth and development of the organization.
Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation
Authors: Bramham Jessica , Ambery Fiona , Young Susan , Morris Robin , Russell Ailsa , Xenitidis Kiriakos , Asherson Philip , Murphy Declan
Published: April 2009

Executive functioning deficits characterize the neuropsychological profiles of the childhood neurodevelopmental disorders of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to determine whether similar impairments exist in adults with ADHD ( N = 53) and ASD ( N = 45) in comparison with a healthy control group ( N = 31), whether the two disorders can be distinguished on the basis of their executive functioning features, and whether these impairments are related to symptom severity. Both clinical groups were found to exhibit executive functioning deficits. The ADHD group had difficulty withholding a response, with relative preservation of initiation and planning abilities. In contrast, the ASD group exhibited significant impairments in initiation, planning and strategy formation. The specific executive functioning deficits were related to severity of response inhibition impairments in ADHD and stereotyped, repetitive behaviours in ASD. These findings suggest the pattern of executive functioning deficits follows a consistent trajectory into adulthood.
The costs of services and employment outcomes achieved by adults with autism in the US
Authors: Cimera Robert Evert , Cowan Richard J.
Published: April 2009

This article examines the cost of services and employment outcomes obtained by adults with autism within the United States vocational rehabilitation (VR) system. It found that the number of such individuals has increased by more than 121 percent from 2002 to 2006. Moreover, though adults with autism were employed at higher rates than most disability groups investigated, they tended to work far fewer hours and earn less in wages per week. The study also found that adults with autism were among the most costly individuals to serve.
Objective and subjective quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorders in southern Spain
Authors: Saldaña David , Álvarez Rosa M. , Lobatón Silvia , Lopez Ana M. , Moreno Macarena , Rojano Miguel
Published: April 2009

Subjective and objective measures of quality of life (QoL) were obtained for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) living in Andalusia (Spain). Seventy-four families responded to questionnaires about objective QoL indicators such as employment, health, adaptive behaviour and social network, and were asked to act as proxies for subjective QoL measures. Outcome on objective QoL was extremely poor. Social networks were most frequently composed of family members. Community-oriented resources were absent in most cases. For two-thirds of the families, the ability to act as proxies for subjective QoL was seriously limited by the participants' poor social and communicative abilities. The results are indicative of the need for additional support to families of adults with ASD and increased community-based resources. Further conceptualization of indicators and measurement of subjective QoL in individuals with severe disabilities and ASD is also needed in order to include their own perspective in the evaluation of service provision.
Divided attention capacity in adults with autism spectrum disorders and without intellectual disability
Authors: Bogte Hans , Flamma Bert , Van Der Meere Jaap , Van Engeland Herman
Published: April 2009

Earlier research showed that divided attention, an aspect of executive function, is limited in both children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The current study explored divided attention capacity in adults with ASD and without intellectual disability ( n = 36). Divided attention was tested using a computerized variant of a well-known memory recognition test, with two levels of cognitive load. The effect of cognitive load on reaction time performance is considered to be inversely proportional to divided attention capacity. The study failed to provide a relationship between divided attention and ASD, contrary to earlier research. Findings indicated that only the adults with ASD who used medication had a divided attention deficit, and that this group had specific difficulty reaching a binary decision in a memory search task. An additional finding was that the participants with ASD were overall slow. Possible causes and implications of these findings are discussed.
Sensory processing in adults with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Crane Laura , Goddard Lorna , Pring Linda
Published: April 2009

Unusual sensory processing has been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, the majority of research in this area has focused on children. The present study assessed sensory processing in adults with ASD using the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile (AASP), a 60-item self-report questionnaire assessing levels of sensory processing in everyday life. Results demonstrated that sensory abnormalities were prevalent in ASD, with 94.4 percent of the ASD sample reporting extreme levels of sensory processing on at least one sensory quadrant of the AASP. Furthermore, analysis of the patterns of sensory processing impairments revealed striking within-group variability in the ASD group, suggesting that individuals with ASD could experience very different, yet similarly severe, sensory processing abnormalities. These results suggest that unusual sensory processing in ASD extends across the lifespan and have implications regarding both the treatment and the diagnosis of ASD in adulthood.
The `not guilty verdict'
Authors: Punshon C. , Skirrow P. , Murphy G.
Published: April 2009

Asperger syndrome is a relatively new diagnostic classification. A number of factors make receiving a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome in adulthood a unique experience. This study used a phenomenological approach to examine the experiences of 10 adults receiving such a diagnosis. Results suggested that six major themes were associated with receiving a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. Individuals discussed their negative life experiences and their experience of services prior to diagnosis, which led to individuals holding certain beliefs about the symptoms of Asperger syndrome. These beliefs had an effect on the formation of each individual's perceived self-identity. Participants made links between how they felt when they received the diagnosis and their current beliefs about both their `symptoms' and themselves. Finally, participants highlighted the importance of the societal view of Asperger syndrome. The implications of these findings are reappraised in the context of previous research and the wider literature on identity formation.
Economic cost of autism in the UK
Authors: Knapp Martin , Romeo Renée , Beecham Jennifer
Published: April 2009

Autism has lifetime consequences, with potentially a range of impacts on the health, wellbeing, social integration and quality of life of individuals and families. Many of those impacts are economic. This study estimated the costs of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the UK. Data on prevalence, level of intellectual disability and place of residence were combined with average annual costs of services and support, together with the opportunity costs of lost productivity. The costs of supporting children with ASDs were estimated to be £2.7 billion each year. For adults, these costs amount to £25 billion each year. The lifetime cost, after discounting, for someone with ASD and intellectual disability is estimated at approximately £1.23 million, and for someone with ASD without intellectual disability is approximately £0.80 million.
Identity theft vulnerability
Authors: Monahan Torin
Published: April 2009

Under the rubric of neoliberalism, the governance of populations occurs through new technologies and techniques of social control. Contemporary neoliberal discourses of crime control, in particular, normalize conditions of individual insecurity and responsibility while diverting attention away from root causes of social problems. The phenomenon of identity theft offers a generative case study for theorizing the ramifications of neoliberalism as a mode of crime control. The field is marked by the production of consumer-citizen subjects, who embrace self-discipline to mitigate crime threats; the transformation of mundane criminal acts into national security threats; the development of flexible accumulation skills, on the part of identity thieves, to compensate for the decline in state support for social reproduction; and the maintenance of insecure information infrastructures, which simultaneously increase the profitability of industry and vulnerability of the public.
The narratives of offenders
Authors: Presser Lois
Published: April 2009

Although criminologists have long used the offender's own story to shed light on crime and its possible causes, they have not plumbed its potential as an explanatory variable. This article considers the way narrative has been conceptualized in criminology and the way that it might be re-conceptualized, following scholarship in other social sciences and in humanities, as a key instigator of action. The concept of narrative is useful for the projects of contemporary criminology because it: (1) applies to both individuals and aggregates; (2) applies to both direct perpetrators and bystanders; (3) anchors the notion of (sub)culture; (4) circumvents the realism to which other theories of criminal behavior are bound; and (5) can be readily collected by researchers, though not without confronting the problematic that is the socially situated production of discourse.
The relative autonomy of women offenders' decision making
Authors: Ajzenstadt Mimi
Published: April 2009

The article analyses the accounts of incarcerated females in Israel, examining the extent to which they were active, rational agents making choices regarding their criminality. The theoretical framework underlying this analysis views the criminal decision-making process with the agency/structure nexus. It indicates that the women were actively seeking normative means to satisfy their feelings of belonging, to gain economic benefits and feel safe, and to fulfil normative social expectations. They turned to the major social institutions that are considered the agencies for providing the means to realize these desires. Their discovery of the limited opportunities available to them led them to choose to engage in crime, and to select the location, timing and nature of the offence and the victim of the crime.
Towards a criminology of crimes against humanity
Authors: Maier-Katkin Daniel , Mears Daniel P. , Bernard Thomas J.
Published: April 2009

Criminology has largely ignored the study of crimes against humanity even though the acts involved—genocide, murder, rape, torture, the appropriation or destruction of property and the displacement and enslavement of populations—are criminal under national and international law and more serious than most crimes commonly studied by criminologists. We examine why criminology has neglected these crimes, argue that criminological theorizing will benefit by attending to this substantive area and put forward a theory of crimes against humanity derived from and expanding on existing criminological theory both to offer a basis for new theoretical and empirical work and to illustrate how criminological theories might be modified to provide more powerful accounts of crime. The article draws on a case example of genocidal mass-murder: Jedwabne, Poland, July 1941.
Signals and oil
Authors: Parks Lisa
Published: April 2009

This article examines the strategies of two satellite operators working across post-communist territories of Central Asia: Eutelsat and Kazsat. To do so it develops a critical approach called footprint analysis, which involves investigating the variety of practices that occur within range of a given satellite's service. Satellites have been used in post-communist territories to circulate broadcast and telecommunication signals, facilitate flows of capital and reshape geographic imaginaries. In addition, satellites have become orbital platforms for the Caspian's booming oil industry. Satellites are used to support everything from surveying oil fields to monitoring drilling operations, from construction of oil rigs to the maintenance of pipelines. The article sets out to develop a model of analysis which can account for the more 'cultural' uses of satellites (i.e. for broadcasting) in relation to their more 'extractive' uses (i.e. for natural resource development).
Timescapes
Authors: Verstraete Ginette
Published: April 2009

This article focuses on the development of trans-European corridors of mobility to the east of Europe. It argues that the European Union's infrastructures are intent upon erasing the past and integrating the new places with as little tension as possible, for economic purposes only. Running counter to this late-capitalist investment is the collective video project Timescapes, which includes Angela Melitopoulos' road movie Corridor X, on the history of the Balkan Highway between Germany and Turkey. The deeply historical and transnational networking practices at the heart of this art project offer us a possible paradigm for rethinking what Europe could mean in an age of EU enlargement to the east.
Post-socialist hybrids
Authors: Marciniak Katarzyna
Published: April 2009

Focusing on the architectural and media design of the New European landscape of Poland, this article introduces the concept of `post-socialist hybridity' as a metaphor to capture the contradictions and ambivalences that have emerged in the post-Berlin Wall period. This hybridity is connected to Poland's spectral nationality: that is, the way in which socialism, although officially dead, continues to haunt the nation. As post-socialist transformations take place, they produce hybridized cultures of local specificities, involving a material and emotional architecture that mixes 'old', enduring socialist realities with the welcomed arrival of western goods, images and new models of desirable identities. This desire for instant westernization, globalization and refashioning of culture persists alongside the need to reassert Polishness and an ultranational ethos promoted most strongly through TV channels and radio programs belonging to conservative Catholic groups. To analyze these clashes, Kamil Turowski's photo-document `Streets of Crocodiles: Post-Socialist Globalization' is used, as well as radio and digital culture.
Accessing the trauma of communism
Authors: Borcila Andaluna
Published: April 2009

This article centres on representations of Romanian women in the on-site reports filmed by American news crews in the days and weeks following the Romanian revolution. Around these representations, the article traces Romania's journey into televisibility on American television news, from an initially inaccessible site of falling communism to an overexposed site of post-communist trauma. Reports from abortion clinics were the first encounters with the territory of Romania that American television offered firsthand to its viewers, and these representations of Romanian women were the first representations of post-communist identities on American television. The article suggests that these representations of post-communist subjects, who appear as overexposed sites on which American television traces the effects of communism and the predicaments of the post-communist condition, display symptomatic features which have remained pervasive.
Roma rights on the world wide web
Authors: Atanasoski Neda
Published: April 2009

This article addresses contemporary Roma rights issues in Central and Eastern Europe by exploring the relationship between internet technologies and the discourses surrounding human rights and the post-socialist transition. Because the Roma are a transnational European minority ethnic group, they have been used as a 'test case' by western human rights groups to evaluate minority rights in post-socialist nations. The article highlights the role of new media technologies in redirecting concerns about the lack of human rights in Europe as a whole to the former Eastern bloc countries. It draws attention to the limits of western liberal discourses and new media technologies to redress racial and material discrimination against the Roma.
National intimacy and post-socialist networking
Authors: Imre Anikó
Published: April 2009

Social networking sites have become a part of everyday life in post-Soviet cultures. 'International Who is Who' (Iwiw) is unparalleled in its popularity. Modelled after Friendster, Iwiw had 1.5 million registered users in Hungary (a country of 10 million) by 2006, when it was purchased by Deutsche Telecom. The emergence, rapid growth and functioning of this predominantly language and location-based virtual public space provide valuable insight into the formation of a networked public in post-socialist cultures. The article discusses the political and economic context of Iwiw's emergence in comparison with popular social network sites of a global reach such as Facebook and MySpace. It introduces the notion of `national intimacy' to reflect on a specific post-communist tension between the democratic model of interaction presented by Iwiw and the national boundaries of this model; and between the global potential of the technology and its restricted, national use.
Moby Dick, cultural policy and the geographies and geopolitics of cultural labor
Authors: McMurria John
Published: April 2009

• This article examines the official Australia/UK television co-production of Moby Dick (1998) to engage with cultural policy issues within an increasingly transnational audiovisual sector. It begins with the political and cultural contexts of Melville's mid-19th-century novel to demonstrate that international law and commercial power have long shaped `national' cultural production. The late 20th-century co-production contexts include international cable/satellite networks seeking prestigious literary adaptations for global branding; production trends oscillating between different least-cost production locations; national policy-makers supporting co-productions to negotiate transnational trends; and intranational policy-makers competing to attract international production. Policy forums largely treated co-productions as necessary compromises between maintaining national cultural expression and supporting transnational production, creating a preservationist cultural nationalism that devalued below-the-line workers and privileged drama over other genres. To problematize this dynamic the article considers the geopolitical contexts of the Moby Dick novel and TV movie so as to destabilize these bounded conceptions of national culture and insert priorities of international political justice in cultural policy-making. •
New Palestinian centers
Authors: Tawil-Souri Helga
Published: April 2009

• Based on an ethnography of Palestinian checkpoint workers, the author suggests that new and emerging `checkpoint economies' are transforming politically contested boundaries into important economic centers. Focusing on taxi drivers, porters, merchants and peddlers at the West Bank's Qalandia checkpoint, halfway between Jerusalem and Ramallah, the article tracks the growth of checkpoints and their ad hoc economy, and of Qalandia specifically, and argues that although checkpoints are technologies of Israeli military control, they are also renegotiated spaces of resistance. •
A Russian intelligent as a cultural relic
Authors: Shlapentokh Vladimir
Published: April 2009

• In the first decades after the emergence of the term `intelligentsia' at the end of the 19th century, almost everybody assumed that those who deserved to be members of this group should be highly educated and have a deep interest in culture, literature and the arts. By the end of the 20th century this type of person had almost disappeared from Russia. The article is a memoir of Felix Raskolnikov, a relic Russian intelligent, whom the author found in an American university in Michigan. •
Conversation and psychotherapy: how questioning reveals institutional answers
Authors: Bartesaghi Mariaelena
Published: April 2009

By analyzing session exchanges and questionnaires administered to family therapy clients, this article examines questioning as conversational practice grounded in institutional goals that are therapist-directed and therapist-conceived. In their manifestation in talk and text, therapeutic questions function to replace client accounts with the nosological accounts of institutional psychiatry. The analysis illuminates three ways in which questioning works in the session and then locates these in therapy's professional and institutional logic. A critical reflection on psychotherapy's questioning practices in a social context concludes the article.
`It's just a process': questioning in the construction of a university crisis
Authors: Castor Theresa
Published: April 2009

Questioning in an organizational context is a challenging event in multiple senses. Questioning may be used to criticize the leaders of an organization. For the criticisms to be heard as legitimate, however, the questioner must operate within contextual constraints (Shotter, 1993). The main purpose of this article is to examine how questioning functions to construct a university's crisis. Discourse within two faculty senate meetings is analyzed. Three faculty questioning strategies are described: appealing to another organizational entity, requesting either/or information; and metacommunicative commentary. Administration and senate leadership responded to questions using the strategies of appealing to a process and metacommunicative commentary. Faculty questioning functioned to challenge a current course of action while operating from within the organizational guidelines of discourse. Alternatively, leadership responses deferred any substantive change in the course of action. The strategies are related to issues of power, social action, and models of educational governance.
How questioning constructs judge identities: oral argument about same-sex marriage
Authors: Tracy Karen
Published: April 2009

An important but unstudied event in US legal institutions is when judges question plaintiff and defense attorneys about the issue that brings them to an appeals hearing before a state supreme court. In this article I analyze judges' questioning during the oral argument phase of the New York Court of Appeals' hearing of Hernandez v. Robles, a case concerning whether the state was violating same-sex couples' constitutional rights by denying them access to marriage. The article's purpose is to show how the content, format, and language style of judges' questioning turns constructs the judges as persons possessing particular attitudes, judicial philosophies, political leanings, and personalities. The article provides a quantitative overview of the 186 questioning turns and analyzes the discourse in selected episodes to evidence how features of questioning generate identity inferences. The conclusion considers how the oral argument phase of Appeals Court proceedings contributes to larger discourses of the law.
The acquisition of memory by interview questioning: Holocaust re-membering as category-bound activity
Authors: Bartesaghi Mariaelena , Perlmutter Bowen Sheryl
Published: April 2009

In this discourse analysis of how memory acquires and is acquired in interview exchanges, we investigate remembering as a category-bound activity, both a tensional and collaborative process of moral ratification of `survivor' as membership category. We propose the term re-membering to mean piecing together possible versions of survivor experiences in talk; these versions, offered by respondents and elicited by interviewers through questioning strategies, are epistemic claims to acquire the Holocaust as memory, or institutional History . We explore the accounting dynamic of interviewer and respondent, the relationship of ownership between survivors and memory, and the duties and moral obligations of the category `Holocaust survivor' that can be shown through the interviews of survivors and their adult daughters.
Weber/Simmel/Du Bois
Authors: Kemple Thomas M.
Published: April 2009

Three classics of sociology are discussed for how they treat music as a social symptom of modernity's rationalization process, as a conceptual model of modern sociality, and as a generic resource for sociological writing. Where parts of Max Weber's The Rational and Social Foundations of Music focus on the distinctive `ethos' of creative composition within the rise of modern music, passages in Georg Simmel's Schopenhauer and Nietzsche address the specific `logos' of modern performance as an autonomous expression of metaphysical will, and the final chapters of W.E.B. Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk are concerned with the `pathos' of listening as a potential way of transcending social divisions. The social contexts, cultural contents, and personal motivations of these proto-sociologies of music are shown to articulate a contrapuntal or `lyrical' sociology which is attentive to the production, distribution, and consumption of cultural forms along with the harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic aspects of social life itself.
Max Weber's Sociology of Law
Authors: Sahni Isher-Paul
Published: April 2009

The substantive underpinnings of Max Weber's `Sociology of Law' and the standing of judges therein are discussed. Foregrounding his conception of the administration of justice, perennial concern with the correlation between personality and the structure of domination, and account of legal rationalization, his discernment of the vital adjudicative role assumed by judges and the bearing of their personal qualifications is elucidated. The focus is placed on Weber's putatively negative assessment of the Common Law. Reading his appraisal of precedent and the charismatic stature of the judge in light of his theory of casuistry and critique of bureaucracy, it is shown that his examination implicitly extols the English administration of justice.
Karl Mannheim
Authors: Green Bryan S.
Published: April 2009

How is it that some sociological texts can defy time and lay claim to be classics while others fall into obsolescence? The paper assumes that an adequate answer must include reference to discourse aims, how a text is written and reading effects. A comparison is made between the earlier (pre-1933) writings of Karl Mannheim and the later (post-1933) writings, with the aim of identifying qualities of the former that made them candidates for classic status and explaining why the latter, due to their instrumental aim, could not hope to achieve such status.
Overcoming Structure and Agency
Authors: King Anthony
Published: April 2009

Since the 1960s, the later work of Ludwig Wittgenstein has had a marked influence on the social sciences. As an important sub-field, the sociology of science has drawn extensively on Wittgenstein and he has become a key reference point in debates in the philosophy of the social sciences about structure and agency. There, a number of commentators have employed Wittgenstein's `sceptical paradox' to demonstrate that the dualistic account of social reality provided by major figures in contemporary social theory such as Giddens, Bourdieu, Bhaskar and Habermas is unsustainable; it is individualist. This paper acknowledges the importance of Wittgenstein but maintains that a critique of contemporary social theory consonant with the `sceptical paradox' was already present in the sociological canon: in the form of Parsons' utilitarian dilemma in The Structure of Social Action. Accordingly, the utilitarian dilemma is recovered for current debates in order to demonstrate the enduring relevance of Parsons. Indeed, not only did Parsons provide a critique of individualism compatible with Wittgenstein's, but he actually transcended it.
Under the spotlight: institutional investors and firm responses to the Council of Institutional Investors' Annual Focus List
Authors: Ward Andrew J. , Brown Jill A. , Graffin Scott D.
Published: April 2009

This article looks at how a negative third-party quality signal, in the form of external monitoring of firm performance by an investor group, prompts a response from both institutional investors and the firms publicly identified as poor performers. Using a sample of 93 firms placed on the Focus List of the Council of Institutional Investors from 2000 to 2005 and a comparison group of 96 firms in the bottom quartile in stock performance from the S&P500, the authors find that institutional investors respond to this negative third-party signal by reducing their holdings in firms that received this public repudiation. However, this reduction in holdings is moderated by the independence of the board of the targeted firm. This result suggests institutional investors pay particular attention to the governance characteristics of underperforming firms. Lastly, the authors found that targeted firms with more independent boards respond by increasing the intensity of incentives of the CEO, thus signaling their responsiveness to investor concerns.
Learning from broadcasts of project participation: selection of second-tier actors during project-venture formation in the movie industry, 1931—40
Authors: Schwab Andreas
Published: April 2009

The disintegration of project ventures after task completion creates challenges for the retention and transfer of knowledge to future projects. Consequently, it is not clear to what degree and under what conditions learning across projects occurs in project-venture settings. This study argues that the industry-wide broadcasting of project participants' identities plays a key role in supporting performance-outcome learning during the formation of project-venture teams. In a stratified random sample of 233 US movie projects between 1931 and 1940, performance-outcome learning affected the selection of second-tier participants. Such learning, however, was conditional on the industry-level availability of both project participant information and project performance for prior projects. Industry-wide broadcasting of participants' identities by individual projects in the form of on-screen credits was sufficient to enable this form of performance-outcome learning in the movie industry. The emergence of the internet has created similar industry-wide broadcasting opportunities for other project-venture systems.
RETRACTION NOTICE: Technology licensing strategies: the interaction of process and content characteristics
Authors: Lichtenthaler Ulrich , Ernst Holger
Published: April 2009

The article ‘Technology licensing strategies: the interaction of process and content characteristics’ by Ulrich Lichtenthaler and Holger Ernst, published in STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION Vol 7(2): 183–221, DOI: 10.1177/1476127009102672, has been retracted at the author’s and editors’ request due to errors in reporting, for which the first author has claimed responsibility.
From Broadcast Scarcity to Digital Plenitude
Authors: Hutchins Brett , Rowe David
Published: April 2009

This essay traces and analyzes emerging zones of conflict as the transmission of popular sport content shifts from the historically dominant platform of broadcast television to the online environment of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW). These conflicts are many and marked, underpinned by a shift in the media sport content economy in terms of the production, distribution and consumption of content. This economy is conceptualized as moving from a long-established broadcast model characterized by `scarcity', with high barriers of access and cost restricting the number of media companies and sports organizations able to create, control and distribute quality, popular sport content. In comparison, the emerging online model is defined by `digital plenitude', with the Internet and WWW significantly lowering barriers of access and cost and thus increasing the number of media companies, sports organizations, clubs, and even individual athletes able to produce and distribute content for online consumption.
Scheduled Medications and Falls in Dementia Patients Utilizing a Wander Garden
Authors: Detweiler Mark B. , Murphy Pamela F. , Kim Kye Y. , Myers Laura C. , Ashai Afshan
Published: April 2009

Little has been reported about the relationship of a dementia wander garden with scheduled psychiatric medications in addition to changes in fall number and severity. The 28 participating residents of a dementia unit were divided into high (HUG) and low (LUG) wander garden user groups and assessed for the number and severity of falls. The type and dose of scheduled psychiatric medications were monitored for 12 months before and 12 months after the wander garden was opened. Results indicated that the residents experienced about a 30% decrease for the raw number of falls and fall severity scores. The HUG had a significant reduction in high-dose antipsychotics, whereas there was relatively no change in antidepressant, hypnotic, and anxiolytic use. High wander garden user group required fewer scheduled medications and experienced reduced falls and lower fall morbidity than the LUG. The most significant changes in scheduled psychiatric medications were reductions in scheduled antipsychotics and an increase in residents requiring no antipsychotics.
Emotional Intelligence as Moderator of the Surface Acting—Strain Relationship
Authors: Prati L. Melita , Yongmei Liu  , Perrewé Pamela L. , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: April 2009

The authors examined the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the surface acting—strain relationship. Specifically, the authors hypothesized that higher levels of emotional intelligence were associated with a weaker relationship between surface acting and strain (i.e., depressed mood at work, somatic complaints). Results supported the hypothesized relationships, and the authors found that higher emotional intelligence attenuated the positive relationship between surface acting and depressed mood at work and somatic complaints. Implications of the results, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.
Connectivity and Leadership
Authors: Kolb Darl G. , Prussia Greg , Francoeur Joline
Published: April 2009

Learning to lead online is imperative for the future of leadership. Whether they like it or not, even if they prefer face-to-face interactions, leaders of the future must be able to develop a sense of closeness with others, whether they be down the hall or around the world. In this study, face-to-face residential workshops were matched with online sessions over an 18-month period. Data from 75 participants, ranging from 18-year-olds to senior corporate executives, suggest that levels of online communication are positively correlated to perceptions of closeness among peers and that the relationship between peer closeness and leadership outcomes is moderated by online activity.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Reputation
Authors: Hall Angela T. , Zinko Robert , Perryman Alexa A. , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: April 2009

Holding people answerable for their actions captures the essence of accountability, which is one of the most fundamental constructs in the organizational sciences and, unfortunately, one about which little is known. This study formulated and tested a model that sought to explicate the intermediate linkages between accountability and job performance and satisfaction. Specifically, the hypothesized model suggests that accountability affects organizational citizenship behavior, which in turn influences job performance and satisfaction through personal reputation. Three alternative models were also examined, but the hypothesized model demonstrated the best fit to the data. Strengths and limitations of the study, directions for future research, and implications for practice are discussed.
In the Eyes of the Beholder
Authors: Gooty Janaki , Gavin Mark , Johnson Paul D. , Frazier M. Lance , Snow D. Bradley
Published: April 2009

This article develops and tests a conceptual model of followers' perceptions of transformational leadership as an antecedent to their positive psychological capital—a higher-order construct that represents an individual's motivational propensity and perseverance toward goals. Positive psychological capital, in turn, has in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior as consequences. Structural equation modeling results support the relationship between followers' perceptions of transformational leadership and positive psychological capital, as well as the relationship between positive psychological capital and each performance outcome. Implications of these results are discussed regarding the literatures of transformational leadership and positive organizational behavior.