bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TELAMON: Effelsberg monitoring of AGN jets with very-high-energy astroparticle emission
Authors: Eppel F. , Kadler M. , Heßdörfer J. , Benke P. , Debbrecht L. , Eich J. , Gokus A. , Hämmerich S. , Kirchner D. , Paraschos G. F. , Rösch F. , Schulga W. , Sinapius J. , Weber P. , Bach U. , Dorner D. , Edwards P. G. , Giroletti M. , Kraus A. , Hervet O. , Koyama S. , Krichbaum T. P. , Mannheim K. , Ros E. , Zacharias M. , Zensus J. A.
Published: January 2024

Aims.We introduce the TELAMON program which is using the Effelsberg 100-m telescope to monitor the radio spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) under scrutiny in astroparticle physics, specifically TeV blazars and candidate neutrino-associated AGN. Here, we present and characterize our main sample of TeV-detected blazars.

Methods.We analyzed the data sample from the first ∼2.5 yr of observations between August 2020 and February 2023 in the range from 14 GHz to 45 GHz. During this pilot phase, we observed all 59 TeV-detected blazars in the Northern Hemisphere (i.e., Dec > 0°) known at the time of observation. We discuss the basic data reduction and calibration procedures used for all TELAMON data and introduce a sub-band averaging method used to calculate average light curves for the sources in our sample.

Results.The TeV-selected sources in our sample exhibit a median flux density of 0.12 Jy at 20 mm, 0.20 Jy at 14 mm, and 0.60 Jy at 7 mm. The spectrum for most of the sources is consistent with a flat radio spectrum and we found a median spectral index (S(ν)∝να) ofα = −0.11. Our results on flux density and spectral index are consistent with previous studies of TeV-selected blazars. Compared to the GeV-selected F-GAMMA sample, TELAMON sources are significantly fainter in the radio band. This is consistent with the double-humped spectrum of blazars being shifted towards higher frequencies for TeV-emitters (in particular for high-synchrotron peaked BL Lac type objects), which results in a lower radio flux density. The spectral index distribution of our TeV-selected blazar sample is not significantly different from the GeV-selected F-GAMMA sample. Moreover, we present a strategy to track the light curve evolution of sources in our sample for future variability and correlation analysis.
Correlation between accretion rate and free-free emission in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Rota A. A. , Meijerhof J. D. , van der Marel N. , Francis L. , van der Tak F. F. S. , Sellek A. D.
Published: January 2024

Context. The inner regions of protoplanetary disks are believed to be the primary locations of planet formation and the processes that influence the global evolution of the disk, such as magnetohydrodynamic winds and photoevaporation. Transition disks with large inner dust cavities are ideal targets for studying the inner regions (of tens of au) of disks, as this is where the central emission can be fully disentangled from the outer disk emission.

Aims. We present a homogeneous multiwavelength analysis of the continuum emission in a sample of 11 transition disks. We investigate the nature of the central emission close to the star, distinguishing between thermal dust and free-free emission.

Methods. We combined spatially resolved measurements of continuum emission from the archival Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array data with centimeter-wave (cm-wave) observations from the literature to study the spectral indices of the inner and outer disks separately.

Results. While the emission from the outer disks is consistent with thermal dust emission, 10 out of 11 of the spectral indices estimated for the central emission close to the star suggest that this emission is free-free emission that is likely associated with an ionized jet or a disk wind. We found no correlation between the free-free luminosity and the accretion luminosity or the X-ray luminosity and this argues against an explanation based on a potential photoevaporative wind. A sub-linear correlation between the ionized mass loss rate and the accretion rate onto the star was observed, suggesting the origin is drawn from the ionized jet.

Conclusions. The relative lack of millimeter-dust (mm-dust) grains in the majority of inner disks in transition disks indicates that either such dust grains have drifted quickly towards the central star, that grain growth is less efficient in the inner disk, or that grains rapidly grow to planetesimal sizes in the inner disk. The observed correlation between the ionized mass loss rate and the accretion rate suggests the outflow is strictly connected to stellar accretion and that accretion in these disks is driven by a jet.
More fundamental than the fundamental metallicity relation
Authors: Sánchez-Menguiano Laura , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Sánchez Almeida Jorge , Muñoz-Tuñón Casiana
Published: January 2024

Context One of the most fundamental scaling relations in galaxies is observed between metallicity and stellar mass – the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) – although recently a stronger dependence of the gas-phase metallicity with the galactic gravitational potential (ΦZR) has been reported. Further dependences of metallicity on other galaxy properties have been revealed, with the star formation rate (SFR) being one of the most studied and debated secondary parameters in the relation (the so-called fundamental metallicity relation).

Aims. In this work we explore the dependence of the gas-phase metallicity residuals from the MZR and ΦZR on different galaxy properties in the search for the most fundamental scaling relation in galaxies.

Methods. We applied a random forest regressor algorithm on a sample of 3430 nearby star-forming galaxies from the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey. Using this technique, we explored the effect of 147 additional parameters on the global oxygen abundance residuals obtained after subtracting the MZR. Alternatively, we followed a similar approach with the metallicity residuals from the ΦZR.

Results. The stellar metallicity of the galaxy is revealed as the secondary parameter in both the MZR and the ΦZR, ahead of the SFR. This parameter reduces the scatter in the relations ∼10 − 15%. We find the 3D relation between gravitational potential, gas metallicity, and stellar metallicity to be the most fundamental metallicity relation observed in galaxies.
Signs of magnetic star-planet interactions in HD 118203
Authors: Castro-González A. , Lillo-Box J. , Correia A. C. M. , Santos N. C. , Barrado D. , Morales-Calderón M. , Shkolnik E. L.
Published: January 2024

Context. Planetary systems with close-in giant planets can experience magnetic star-planet interactions that modify the activity levels of their host stars. The induced activity is known to strongly depend on the magnetic moment of the interacting planet. Therefore, such planet-induced activity should be more readily observable in systems with close-in planets in eccentric orbits, since those planets are expected to rotate faster than in circular orbits. However, no evidence of magnetic interactions has been reported in eccentric planetary systems to date.

Aims. We intend to unveil a possible planet-induced activity in the bright (V= 8.05 ± 0.03 mag) and slightly evolved star HD 118203, which is known to host an eccentric (e= 0.32 ± 0.02) and close-in (a= 0.0864 ± 0.0006 au) Jupiter-sized planet.

Methods. We characterized the planetary system by jointly modelling 56 ELODIE radial velocities and four sectors of TESS photometry. We computed the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the TESS, ELODIE, and complementary ASAS-SN data to search for planet-induced and rotation-related activity signals. We studied the possible origins of the stellar variability found, analysed its persistence and evolution, and searched for possible links with the eccentric orbital motion of HD 118203 b.

Results. We found evidence of an activity signal within the TESS photometry that matches the 6.1-day orbital period of its hosted planet HD 118203 b, which suggests the existence of magnetic star-planet interactions. We did not find, however, any additional activity signal that could be unambiguously interpreted as the rotation of the star, so we cannot discard stellar rotation as the actual source of the signal found. Nevertheless, both the evolved nature of the star and the significant orbital eccentricity make the synchronous stellar rotation with the planetary orbit very unlikely.

Conclusions. The planetary system HD 118203 represents the best evidence that magnetic star–planet interactions can be found in eccentric planetary systems, and it opens the door to future dedicated searches in such systems that will allow us to better understand the interplay between close-in giant planets and their host stars.
Appel à projets « Réacteurs innovants » : vers de plus en plus de fluidité
Authors: Dupin Ludovic
Published: January 2024

Massimiliano Picciani, responsable de l’appel à projets « Réacteurs nucléaires innovants » pour Bpifrance, tire les premiers enseignements de cette méthode originale lancée en 2022 sous l’impulsion d’Emmanuel Macron dans le cadre de France 2030.
Entwicklung der Verbstellung im Deutschen – eine Studie zu typischen und atypischen Verläufen anhand elizitierter Sprachproduktion
Authors: Lawatsch Kim , Kauschke Christina
Published: January 2024

Im dritten Lebensjahr erwerben Kinder mit typischer Grammatikentwicklung die Grundzüge der Satzstruktur und der Verbstellung im deutschen Hauptsatz. Auch in den folgenden Jahren sind noch Weiterentwicklungen und Ausdifferenzierungen der grundlegenden Fähigkeiten zu erwarten. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Realisierung der Verbstellung und assoziierter grammatischer Strukturen im Vorschulalter mit einem Verfahren, das für die Neuauflage der „Patholinguistischen Diagnostik bei Sprachentwicklungsstörungen“ (PDSS) neu entwickelt wurde. Grundlage ist die im Zuge der Normierung der PDSS erhobene, elizitierte Sprachproduktion von 241 monolingual aufwachsenden Kindern zwischen 3;0 und 6;11 Jahren. Anhand dieser Daten konnten zwölf Meilen- und zehn Grenzsteine zeitlich eingeordnet werden. Darüber hinaus wurde die Stichprobe in zwei Subgruppen aus Kindern mit alterstypischen grammatischen Fähigkeiten bzw. grammatischen Schwächen aufgeteilt. Im Gruppenvergleich zeigte sich, dass die Kinder der zweiten Subgruppe relevante Zielstrukturen später produzieren und länger an nicht-zielsprachlichen Übergangsstrukturen festhalten.
Are Questionnaires Helpful To Predict Exercise-Induced
Bronchoconstriction (EIB) And Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction
(EILO)?
Authors: Dreßler Melanie , Lassmann Hannah , Eichhorn Celine , Trischler Jordis , Hutter Martin , Zielen Stefan , Schulze Johannes
Published: January 2024

Objective Exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is an important
differential diagnosis to exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and
diagnosed via continuous laryngoscopy while exercising (CLE). However,
availability of CLE is limited to specialized centres. And without CLE EILO is
often misdiagnosed as EIB. Therefore it is essential to carefully preselect
potential EILO candidates. Aim of this study was to investigate whether two
short questionnaires -Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Dyspnea Index (DI)
evaluating upper airway-related dyspnea- can differentiate between EIB and
EILO.

Methods Patients with dyspnea while exercising were analysed with an
exercise challenge in the cold chamber (ECC) to diagnose EIB in visit 1 (V1), as
appropriate a CLE in visit 2 (V2, 4–6 weeks after V1) and ACT and DI in
V1 and V2. EIB patients were treated with asthma medication after V1.

Results Complete dataset of 36 subjects were gathered. The ACT showed
lower values in V2 in EILO compared to EIB patients. A lack of improvement in
ACT in V2 after asthma medication of EIB patients is suspicious for additional
EILO diagnosis. The DI showed higher values in V1 in EILO compared to EIB
patients. A score≥30 can predict a positive CLE reaction.

Conclusion ACT and DI are valuable tools in preselecting CLE candidates to
assure timely diagnostic despite limited diagnostic capabilities.
Hsa_circ_0092355 Accelerates Papillary Thyroid Cancer Progression by
Regulating the miR-543/PDE5A Pathway
Authors: Sun Zhijun , Zhang Min , Ye Yangmei , Yang Leilei
Published: January 2024

CircRNAs have been found to participate in the progression of various tumors. In
the present study, we aimed to clarify the role of hsa_circ_0092355 in papillary
thyroid cancer (PTC) cell development. RT-qPCR was used to determine the
expression of hsa_circ_0092355, miR-543, and PDE5A. PTC cell proliferation was
ascertained via a cell colony formation assay and the CCK-8 test. Western
blotting was performed to examine the expression levels of PDE5A and
apoptosis-associated proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) in PTC cells. A scratch wound
assay was performed to measure the migration of PTC cells. A mouse xenograft
test was performed to assess the effects of hsa_circ_0092355 in vivo. RIP
and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the association between miR-543
and hsa_circ_0092355 or PDE5A. Associations between miR-543, hsa_circ_0092355,
and PDE5A were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Upregulation of hsa_circ_0092355 was observed in PTC tissues. The
hsa_circ_0092355 knockdown blocked the proliferation and migration of PTC cells
and induced apoptosis. Moreover, hsa_circ_0092355 knockdown blocked PTC
xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The miR-543 inhibitor could reverse the
changes induced by hsa_circ_0092355 knockdown by hsa_circ_0092355 targeting
miR-543. Furthermore, miR-543 suppresses PTC progression by downregulating PDE5A
expression. Our findings suggest that the PTC tumor promoter hsa_circ_0092355
may promote carcinogenesis by controlling the miR-543/PDE5A pathway.
Maternal and Neonatal Morbidities by Race in College-Educated Women
Authors: Kern-Goldberger Adina R. , Madden Nigel , Baptiste Caitlin , Friedman Alexander , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia
Published: January 2024

Objective Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women experience significantly higher adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with non-Hispanic white women. The purpose of this study is to explore whether disparities in obstetric outcomes exist by race among women who are college-educated.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study from a multicenter observational cohort of women undergoing cesarean delivery. Women were defined as “college-educated” if they reported completion of a 4-year college degree. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, or unknown. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal morbidity, and a composite of neonatal morbidity was evaluated as a secondary outcome. A multivariable logistic regression model was then utilized to assess associations of race with the primary and secondary outcomes.

Results A total of 2,540 women were included in the study. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, maternal morbidity was found to be significantly higher for college-educated non-Hispanic black women compared with non-Hispanic white women (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.80). The incidence of neonatal morbidity was significantly higher for non-Hispanic black (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.31–2.79) and Hispanic (OR 3.34, 95% CI 2.23–5.01) women.

Conclusion In this cohort, the odds of cesarean-related maternal and neonatal morbidities were significantly higher for college-educated non-Hispanic black women, compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts. This demonstrates that even among women with higher level education, racial and ethnic disparities persist in obstetric outcomes.
“Clock dial pattern”, a radiologic clue to neuro-chikungunya diagnosis: a case series
Authors: Fraiman Pedro Henrique Almeida , Freire Mariana , Fernandes Bruno , Palitot Felipe , Mota Nathalia , Sequerra Eduardo , Santos Glauco , Dourado Mario Emilio , Godeiro-Junior Clecio de Oliveira , Moreira-Neto Manuel
Published: January 2024

Background Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and can lead to neurological complications in severe cases.

Objective This study examined neuroimaging patterns in chikungunya cases during two outbreaks in Brazil to identify specific patterns for diagnosis and treatment of neuro-chikungunya.

Methods Eight patients with confirmed chikungunya and neurological involvement were included. Clinical examinations and MRI scans were performed, and findings were analyzed by neuroradiologists. Data on age, sex, neurological symptoms, diagnostic tests, MRI findings, and clinical outcomes were recorded.

Results Patients showed different neuroimaging patterns. Six patients exhibited a “clock dial pattern” with hyperintense dotted lesions in the spinal cord periphery. One patient had thickening and enhancement of anterior nerve roots. Brain MRI revealed multiple hyperintense lesions in the white matter, particularly in the medulla oblongata, in six patients. One patient had a normal brain MRI.

Conclusion The “clock dial pattern” observed in spinal cord MRI may be indicative of chikungunya-related nervous system lesions. Isolated involvement of spinal cord white matter in chikungunya can help differentiate it from other viral infections. Additionally, distinct brainstem involvement in chikungunya-associated encephalitis, particularly in the rostral region, sets it apart from other arboviral infections. Recognizing these neuroimaging patterns can contribute to early diagnosis and appropriate management of neuro-chikungunya.
Performance degradation and I–V model of TiO2-film-based resistive switching memory under proton irradiation
Authors: Song Hongjia , Liu Yingdong , Yan Jiaqi , Zhong Xiangli , Wang Jinbin , Guo Hongxia
Published: January 2024

The performance degradation of a TiO2-film-based RRAM (resistive random access memory) is investigated in a proton irradiation experiment with an energy of 25 MeV. The results reveal that the fabricated Au/TiO2 film/Ti devices exhibit typical I–V of bipolar resistive switching behavior under an irradiation of 1 × 1011 protons/cm2. The low-resistance state (LRS) resistance remains nearly constant, but the high-resistance state (HRS) resistance decreases with an increasing proton fluence. The value of the HRS resistance decreases by approximately one order of magnitude when the value of proton fluence reaches 1 × 1011 protons/cm2. Moreover, the SET voltage decreases with a decreasing proton fluence, while the RESET voltage remains almost constant. Material characterization via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that the decrease in SET voltage and HRS resistance is mainly caused by radiation-induced oxygen vacancies and non-lattice oxygen. Based on the Voltage Threshold Adaptive Memristor model, a mathematical model of the I–V curve which demonstrates the variation in the RRAM resistance and voltage as a function of proton irradiation is constructed. The simulation results conformed to the experimental results under different proton fluences. Our results form a fundamental guide for the study of radiation performance degradation and radiation hardening of the RRAM with oxygen vacancy conducting filament.
Theoretical study of kinetic arrest, shear elastic modulus, and yielding in simple biphasic colloidal mixtures
Authors: Chaki Subhasish , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: January 2024

Based on integrating microscopic statistical mechanical theories for structure and ideal kinetic arrest at the naive mode coupling level, we study dynamic localization, the linear elastic shear modulus, applied stress induced modulus softening, and the absolute yielding of simple biphasic binary mixtures composed of equal diameter hard and attractive spheres. The kinetic arrest map is a rich function of total packing fraction, strength of attraction, and mixture composition. The gel to attractive ideal glass transition, the degree of glass melting re-entrancy, and the crossover boundary separating repulsive glasses from attractive glasses vary with the mixture composition. Exponential and/or apparent (high) power law dependences of the elastic shear modulus on the total packing fraction are predicted with effective exponents or exponential prefactors that are sensitive to mixture composition and location in the kinetic arrest map. An analysis of the effective mean square force on a tagged particle that induces dynamic localization reveals a compensation effect between structural correlations and degree of particle localization, resulting in the emergence of a weaker dependence of the shear modulus on mixture composition at very high attraction strengths. Based on a microrheologically inspired formulation of how external stress weakens particle localization and the shear modulus, we analyze mechanical-induced modulus softening and absolute yielding, defined as a discontinuous solid-to-fluid stress-induced transition that can occur in either one or two steps. Estimates of the corresponding yield strains predict that the binary mixture becomes more brittle with increasing sticky particle composition and/or attraction strength.
Band dispersion, scattering rate, and carrier mobility using the poles of Green’s function for dilute nitride alloys
Authors: Seifikar Masoud , O’Reilly Eoin P. , Fahy Stephen
Published: January 2024

The band-anticrossing (BAC) model provides the basis for the self-consistent Green’s function method that we have previously developed to calculate the density of states of GaNxAs1−x dilute nitride alloys. In this paper, we extend this Green’s function method to include the complex energy states and to find the poles of the Green’s function, thereby allowing one to calculate the dispersion relation, group velocity, and the carrier decay rate in disordered dilute nitride alloys. Two different models of the N states have been studied to investigate the band structure of these materials: (1) the conventional two-band BAC model, which assumes that all N states are located at the same energy, and (2) a model which includes N states distributed over a range of energies, as expected in actual dilute nitride samples. Our results for the second model show a much shorter carrier mean-free path, and lower carrier mobility for GaNxAs1−x, with the magnitude of the calculated mobility in good agreement with the experimental data.
Ionomer structure and component transport in the cathode catalyst layer of PEM fuel cells: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Huang Yichao , Theodorakis Panagiotis E. , Zeng Zhen , Wang Tianyou , Che Zhizhao
Published: January 2024

The transport of water and protons in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical for cell performance, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the ionomer structure and the distribution/transport characteristics of water and protons in CCLs are investigated via all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that at low water contents, isolated water clusters form in ionomer pores, while proton transport is mainly via the charged sites of the ionomer side chains and the Grotthuss mechanism. Moreover, with increasing water content, water clusters are interconnected to form continuous water channels, which provide effective paths for proton transfer via the vehicular and Grotthuss mechanisms. Increasing the ionomer mass content can enhance the dense arrangement of the ionomer, which, in turn, increases the density of charge sites and improves the proton transport efficiency. When the ionomer mass content is high, the clustering effect reduces the space for water diffusion, increases the proton transport path, and finally decreases the proton transport efficiency. By providing physics insights into the proton transport mechanism, this study is helpful for the structural design and performance improvement of CCLs of PEM fuel cells.
Image stabilization technology based on inertial sensors and piezoelectric fast pendulum mirrors
Authors: Yang Haima , Zhang Yu , Jiang Bin , Liu Jin , Li Jun , Hu Xianglei , Dai Yufeng , Cao Zhenjie , Zhang Dawei
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the interferences caused by vibrations on the target monitoring system of satellite platforms, an experimental system of optical–mechanical–electrical joint image stabilization based on inertial sensors and piezoelectric fast mirrors was studied. First of all, the data from the fiber optic gyroscope and the detector are combined and processed. After that, the predicted intentional velocity is subtracted from the real-time gyroscope data, and the vibration displacement is obtained using an integral. The feedback amount is calculated using the processor according to the vibration displacement, the piezoelectric fast mirror is controlled to compensate the vibration interferences, and the purpose of stabilizing the images is achieved. The experimental results show that under a vibration interference of 300μrad/s, the image stabilization control frequency of the system reaches 500 Hz, the relative error between image frames is better than 3μrad, and the intra-frame stabilization performance of the detector meets the requirements on stabilized image and target detection for space targets on the star-carrying platform.
Improved atmospheric constraints on Southern Ocean CO
2
exchange
Authors: Jin Yuming , Keeling Ralph F. , Stephens Britton B. , Long Matthew C. , Patra Prabir K. , Rödenbeck Christian , Morgan Eric J. , Kort Eric A. , Sweeney Colm
Published: January 2024

We present improved estimates of air–sea CO
2
exchange over three latitude bands of the Southern Ocean using atmospheric CO
2
measurements from global airborne campaigns and an atmospheric 4-box inverse model based on a mass-indexed isentropic coordinate (M
θe
). These flux estimates show two features not clearly resolved in previous estimates based on inverting surface CO
2
measurements: a weak winter-time outgassing in the polar region and a sharp phase transition of the seasonal flux cycles between polar/subpolar and subtropical regions. The estimates suggest much stronger summer-time uptake in the polar/subpolar regions than estimates derived through neural-network interpolation of pCO
2
data obtained with profiling floats but somewhat weaker uptake than a recent study by Long et al. [
Science
374
, 1275–1280 (2021)], who used the same airborne data and multiple atmospheric transport models (ATMs) to constrain surface fluxes. Our study also uses moist static energy (MSE) budgets from reanalyses to show that most ATMs tend to have excessive diabatic mixing (transport across moist isentrope, θ
e
, or M
θe
surfaces) at high southern latitudes in the austral summer, which leads to biases in estimates of air–sea CO
2
exchange. Furthermore, we show that the MSE-based constraint is consistent with an independent constraint on atmospheric mixing based on combining airborne and surface CO
2
observations.
De novo design of modular protein hydrogels with programmable intra- and extracellular viscoelasticity
Authors: Mout Rubul , Bretherton Ross C. , Decarreau Justin , Lee Sangmin , Gregorio Nicole , Edman Natasha I. , Ahlrichs Maggie , Hsia Yang , Sahtoe Danny D. , Ueda George , Sharma Alee , Schulman Rebecca , DeForest Cole A. , Baker David
Published: January 2024

Relating the macroscopic properties of protein-based materials to their underlying component microstructure is an outstanding challenge. Here, we exploit computational design to specify the size, flexibility, and valency of de novo protein building blocks, as well as the interaction dynamics between them, to investigate how molecular parameters govern the macroscopic viscoelasticity of the resultant protein hydrogels. We construct gel systems from pairs of symmetric protein homo-oligomers, each comprising 2, 5, 24, or 120 individual protein components, that are crosslinked either physically or covalently into idealized step-growth biopolymer networks. Through rheological assessment, we find that the covalent linkage of multifunctional precursors yields hydrogels whose viscoelasticity depends on the crosslink length between the constituent building blocks. In contrast, reversibly crosslinking the homo-oligomeric components with a computationally designed heterodimer results in viscoelastic biomaterials exhibiting fluid-like properties under rest and low shear, but solid-like behavior at higher frequencies. Exploiting the unique genetic encodability of these materials, we demonstrate the assembly of protein networks within living mammalian cells and show via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) that mechanical properties can be tuned intracellularly in a manner similar to formulations formed extracellularly. We anticipate that the ability to modularly construct and systematically program the viscoelastic properties of designer protein-based materials could have broad utility in biomedicine, with applications in tissue engineering, therapeutic delivery, and synthetic biology.
Chapter 1. Pantomime within and beyond the evolution of language
Authors: Arbib Michael
Published: January 2024

The core of the paper is a critique of the role of pantomime in the author’s theory (the Mirror System Hypothesis, MSH, itself evolving) of the biocultural evolution that led to human brains that were “language ready” long before humans developed languages. We argue that the notion of “ad hoc” pantomime posited there should be modified to a notion of “ur-pantomime” in which pantomimes are somewhat ritualized by individual users but not yet conventionalized by the group. We extend this to offer a taxonomy of pantomime, with the above forms distinguished from both pantomime exhibited by apes and theatrical pantomime.

Complex action recognition and imitation play a crucial role in MSH, as well as conventionalization of pantomime to “protosigns” as possible stepping stones to protolanguage. Pantomimes can also emphasize flexible trajectories to indicate the ways in which an action might vary depending on the current affordances of objects. Both features are shown to be helpful in pedagogy, but are not restricted to this domain. Trajectory variation may be the underpinning of present-day cospeech gestures.

We then turn to a hypothesis on the cultural evolution whereby protolanguages became languages through the emergence of a broader lexicon and a grammar comprised of diverse constructions supporting a compositional syntax.

Noting that MSH has focused on the emerging structure of single utterances, we assess how MSH may be modified to incorporate an account of the emergence of narrative.

Finally, we assess to what extent mindreading, navigation in space, and navigation in time are to be added to the capabilities of the language-ready brain, while insisting that their form in modern humans results from an expanding spiral linked with capacities for language and narrative through cultural evolution.
Chapter 7. The pantomime roots of Sao Tome and Principe Sign Language
Authors: Mineiro Ana , Moita Mara
Published: January 2024

Pantomime is a unique semiotic resource for human communication despite its non-linguistic character because it allows a wide spectrum of meanings (Zlatev et al., 2020). In our view, gestures and vocalizations are interconnected from the beginning of the emergence of language in human beings (Corballis, 2014). Recent studies in a newborn language showed a boost of linguistic systematicity (Mineiro et al., 2021; Abreu et al., 2022), which included a reduction in the use of pantomime, amplitude of signs, and an increase in articulation economy within a social interaction process. We claim this process constitutes a continuum and not a cut-off system. The evolution of a newborn sign language seems to follow the same phases of psychomotor development and to be linked to efficient use of energy while enhancing cognition, allowing for the accomplishment of social communication enabled by sign language.
#GaysForTrump
Authors: Bergozza Marina , Coco Francesca , Burnett Scott
Published: January 2024

This article presents a multimodal critical discourse analysis of #GaysForTrump on Twitter as a discursive
formation within Trumpism with distinct subject positions connected to specific acts of identification, libidinal investments, and
a homonationalist allegiance to the United States, constructed as a homotopia for cisgender, white gay men. Trumpism is a
political formation with its own discursive and structural dynamics that we argue have bred a specific strain of homonationalism
worth unpacking in its specificity. Our main objective was to understand how identifying as gay was articulated as commensurate
with Donald Trump’s particular brand of transgressive and masculinist white nationalism. We identified three overarching
discursive strategies: the appropriation of the “coming out” narrative to validate the #GaysForTrump victimization experience; the
construction of conservative gay masculinity as desirable; and the articulation of a sexual geopolitics that legitimates the
extreme xenophobia of Trumpism.
Metal evaporation dynamics in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources: plasma role in the atom diffusion, ionisation, and transport
Authors: Pidatella A , Mascali D , Galatà A , Mishra B , Naselli E , Celona L , Lang R , Maimone F , Mauro G S , Santonocito D , Torrisi G
Published: January 2024

We present a numerical study of metals dynamics evaporated through resistively heated ovens in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma traps, used as metal ion beam injectors for accelerators and multi-disciplinary research in plasma physics. We use complementary numerical methods to perform calculations in the framework of the PANDORA trap. The diffusion and deposition of metal vapours at the plasma chamber’s surface are explored under molecular flow regime, with stationary and time-dependent particle fluid calculations via COMSOL Multiphysics®. The ionisation of vapours is then studied in the strongly energised ECR plasma. We have developed a Monte Carlo (MC) code to simulate the in-plasma metal ions’ dynamics, coupled to particle-in-cell simulations of the plasma physics in the trap. The presence of strongly inhomogeneous plasmas leads to charge-exchange and electron-impact ionisations of metals, in turn affecting the deposition rate/pattern of the metal on the walls of the trap. Results show how vapours dynamics depends both on evaporated metals and the plasma target. The 134Cs, 176Lu, and 48Ca isotopes were investigated, the first two being radioisotopes interesting for the PANDORA project, and the third as one of the most required rare isotope by the nuclear physics community. We present an application of the study: MC computing the γ activity due to the deposited radioactive neutral nuclei during the measurement time, we quantitatively estimated the overall γ-detection system’s efficiency using GEANT4, including the poisoning γ-signal from the walls of the trap, relevant for the γ-tagging of short-lived nuclei’s decay rate in the PANDORA experiment. This work can give valuable support both to the evaporation technique and plasma source optimisation, for improving the metal ion beam production, avoiding huge deposit/waste of metals known to affect the long-term source stability, as well as for radio-safety aspects and reducing material waste in case of rare isotopes.
Fabrication and properties of lateral Josephson junctions with a RuO2 weak link
Authors: Prateek Kumar , Mechielsen Thomas , Hamida Aymen Ben , Scholma Douwe , Junxiang Yao , Aarts Jan
Published: January 2024

Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is a metallic rutile oxide with a number of interesting properties. For a long time, it was considered to be a highly conductive normal metal and a Pauli paramagnet. Recently, it was found that the material is antiferromagnetic, with small magnetic moments of the order of 0.05 Bohr magneton and an ordering temperature above 300 K. The presence of magnetic moments should have clear consequences when trying to induce superconductivity in RuO2. We used a selective area chemical vapor deposition method to grow nanostrips of RuO2 on TiO2 substrates. On these nanostrips, superconducting contacts were made of MoGe, and a weak link was fabricated with a Focused Ion Beam. We find that the device behaves as a Josephson junction, including a Fraunhofer-like response to a magnetic field, for distances between the contacts below 70 nm. We estimate the induced singlet coherence length ξ to be about 12 nm, which seems a reasonable number when small magnetic moments are present.
Enhanced stability of FA-based perovskite: Rare-earth metal compound EuBr2 doping
Authors: Hou 候 Minna 敏娜 , Guo 郭 Xu 旭 , Han 韩 Meidouxue 梅斗雪 , Zhao 赵 Juntao 均陶 , Wang 王 Zhiyuan 志元 , Ding 丁 Yi 毅 , Hou 侯 Guofu 国付 , Zhang 张 Zongsheng 宗胜 , Han 韩 Xiaoping 小平
Published: January 2024

It is highly desirable to enhance the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) so that this class of photovoltaic cells can be effectively used for the commercialization purposes. In this contribution, attempts have been made to use the two-step sequential method to dope EuBr2 into FAMAPbI3 perovskite to promote the stability. It is shown that the device durability at 85 °C in air with RH of 20%–40% is improved substantially, and simultaneously the champion device efficiency of 23.04% is achieved. The enhancement in stability is attributed to two points: (i) EuBr2 doping effectively inhibits the decomposition and α–δ phase transition of perovskite under ambient environment, and (ii) EuBr2 aggregates in the oxidized format of Eu(BrO3)3 at perovskite grain boundaries and surface, hampering humidity erosion and mitigates degradation through coordination with H2O.
Magnetic diagnostics layout design for CFETR plasma equilibrium reconstruction
Authors: Yu 于 Qingze 庆泽 , Huang 黄 Yao 耀 , Luo 罗 Zhengping 正平 , Wang 汪 Yuehang 悦航 , Liu 刘 Zijie 自结 , Rui 芮 Wangyi 望颐 , Wu 吴 Kai 凯 , Xiao 肖 Bingjia 炳甲 , Li 李 Jiangang 建刚
Published: January 2024

Plasma equilibrium reconstruction provides essential information for tokamak operation and physical analysis. An extensive and reliable set of magnetic diagnostics is required to obtain accurate plasma equilibrium. This study designs and optimizes the magnetic diagnostics layout for the reconstruction of the equilibrium of the plasma according to the scientific objectives, engineering design parameters, and limitations of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). Based on the CFETR discharge simulation, magnetic measurement data are employed to reconstruct consistent plasma equilibrium parameters, and magnetic diagnostics’ number and position are optimized by truncated Singular value decomposition, verifying the redundancy reliability of the magnetic diagnostics layout design. This provides a design solution for the layout of the magnetic diagnostics system required to control the plasma equilibrium of CFETR, and the developed design and optimization method can provide effective support to design magnetic diagnostics systems for future magnetic confinement fusion devices.
Combining electrodermal activity analysis and dynamic causal modeling to investigate the visual-odor multimodal integration during face perception
Authors: Rho Gianluca , Callara Alejandro Luis , Bossi Francesco , Ognibene Dimitri , Cecchetto Cinzia , Lomonaco Tommaso , Scilingo Enzo Pasquale , Greco Alberto
Published: January 2024

Objective. This study presents a novel methodological approach for incorporating information related to the peripheral sympathetic response into the investigation of neural dynamics. Particularly, we explore how hedonic contextual olfactory stimuli influence the processing of neutral faces in terms of sympathetic response, event-related potentials and effective connectivity analysis. The objective is to investigate how the emotional valence of odors influences the cortical connectivity underlying face processing and the role of face-induced sympathetic arousal in this visual-olfactory multimodal integration. Approach. To this aim, we combine electrodermal activity (EDA) analysis and dynamic causal modeling to examine changes in cortico-cortical interactions. Results. The results reveal that stimuli arising sympathetic EDA responses are associated with a more negative N170 amplitude, which may be a marker of heightened arousal in response to faces. Hedonic odors, on the other hand, lead to a more negative N1 component and a reduced the vertex positive potential when they are unpleasant or pleasant. Concerning connectivity, unpleasant odors strengthen the forward connection from the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) to the middle temporal gyrus, which is involved in processing changeable facial features. Conversely, the occurrence of sympathetic responses after a stimulus is correlated with an inhibition of this same connection and an enhancement of the backward connection from ITG to the fusiform face gyrus. Significance. These findings suggest that unpleasant odors may enhance the interpretation of emotional expressions and mental states, while faces capable of eliciting sympathetic arousal prioritize identity processing.
Investigating different geometrical parameters affecting the electric field of cylindrical microdosimeter
Authors: Jahanfar S. , Tavakoli-Anbaran H.
Published: January 2024

In order to make a microdosimeter, it is first necessary to
investigate the parameters affecting the electric field of the
microdosimeter, such as the presence of the helix, the thickness and
voltage of the helix, the radius and the number of its rings, as
well as the thickness and voltage of the anode, and obtain its
optimal conditions. In order to obtain the optimal conditions of the
electric field, things such as the possibility of manufacturing, no
electric discharge, increasing the intensity of the electric field
at a constant voltage, energy resolution, continuity of the electric
field with the presence of a helix, and a significant increase in
multiplication in a small volume of the microdosimeter around the
anode have been considered. Since the presence of the helix
complicates the analytical solution of the problem, therefore, using
the COMSOL simulation code, we investigated the various parameters
of the electric field. Finally, for the cylindrical anode with a
height of 25 mm, in optimal conditions; the thickness of the anode
was obtained 0.4 mm, a helix with a thickness of 0.6 mm and a
radius of 1.5 mm was obtained, which has 9 rings coaxially with the
anode. Therefore, the obtained values can be used to make
microdosimetry with the geometric dimensions of 25 mm right
cylinders, which can investigate microdosimetry sites with different
dimensions by changing the pressure of the gas density inside it.
The science case for an intermediate energy advanced and novel accelerator linear collider facility
Authors: Bulanov S.S. , Aidala C.A. , Benedetti C. , Bernstein R. , Esarey E. , Geddes C.G.R. , Gessner S.J. , Gonsalves A.J. , Hogan M.J. , Jacobs P.M. , Jing C. , Knapen S. , Lee C. , Low I. , Lu X. , Meade P. , Muggli P. , Musumeci P. , Nachman B. , Nakamura K. , Nelson T. , Pagan Griso S. , Palmer M. , Prebys E. , Schroeder C.B. , Shiltsev V. , Terzani D. , Thomas A.G.R. , van Tilborg J. , Turner M. , Vafaei-Najafabadi N. , Visinelli L. , Yao W.-M. , Yoshida R.
Published: January 2024

It is widely accepted that the next lepton collider beyond a
Higgs factory would require center-of-mass energy of the order of up
to 15 TeV. Since, given reasonable space and cost restrictions,
conventional accelerator technology reaches its limits near this
energy, high-gradient advanced acceleration concepts are
attractive. Advanced and novel accelerators (ANAs) are leading
candidates due to their ability to produce acceleration gradients on
the order of 1–100 GV/m, leading to compact acceleration
facilities. However, intermediate energy facilities (IEF) are
required to test the critical technology elements on the way towards
multi-TeV-class collliders. Here a science case for a 20–100 GeV
center-of-mass energy ANA-based lepton collider that can be a
candidate for an intermediate energy facility is presented. The IEF
can provide numerous opportunities for high energy physics studies
including precision Quantum Chromodynamics and Beyond the Standard
Model physics measurements, investigation of charged particle
interactions with extreme electromagnetic fields, and exploring muon
and proton beam acceleration. Possible applications of this collider
include the studies of γγ and electron beam-fixed
target/beamdump collider designs. Thus, the goal of the proposed IEF
is to both carry out particle physics measurements in the
20-100 GeV ranges as well as to serve as an ANA demonstrator
facility.
Elevated diversity of the supply chain boosts global food system resilience
Authors: Jia Junwen , Yang Weiqiang , Wu Fang , Cui Xuefeng
Published: January 2024

Food supply shock is defined as a drastic shortage in food supply, which would likely threaten the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 2: zero hunger. Traditionally, highly-connected global food supply system was deemed to help overcome shortages easily in response to food supply shock. However, recent studies suggested that overconnected trade networks potentially increase exposure to external shocks and amplify shocks. Here, we develop an empirical–statistical method to quantitatively and meticulously measure the diversity of international food supply chain. Our results show that boosting a country’s food supply chain diversity will increase the resistance of the country to food shocks. The global diversity of food supply chain increased gradually during 1986–2021; correspondingly, the intensity of food shocks decreased, the recovery speed after a shock increased. The food supply chain diversity in high-income countries is significantly higher than that in other countries, although it has improved greatly in the least developed regions, like Africa and Middle East. International emergencies and geopolitical events like the Russia–Ukraine conflict could potentially threaten global food security and impact low-income countries the most. Our study provides a reference for measuring resilience of national food system, thus helping managers or policymakers mitigate the risk of food supply shocks.
Spatial flows of ecosystem services under future climate and land-use changes
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Zou Chenyang , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2024

Increasing global pressure on natural capital requires sustainable solutions to ensure long-term provision of ecosystem services (ES) which have complex flow dynamics. Although the importance of ES flows has been increasingly recognized during the past years, little is known about how they will be affected by future climate and land-use changes. Here, we integrated ES flows into a scenario-based assessment framework, and evaluated it by clarifying the local and distant effects of ES flows in the Black River basin, China. The spatiotemporal variations of ES flows were investigated by considering different land policies and climate scenarios, and the drivers of ES flow variations were explored. We found increasing inter-regional ES flows toward 2100. Compared to land-use change, the intra-regional flows were more sensitive to climate change, with greater shifts of flow size and synergistic areas identified under a moderate climatic forcing scenario with sustainable management strategies. Precipitation directly affected water retention flow, yet affected flood mitigation flow both directly and indirectly through changing vegetation cover, which was the major driver of soil retention flow. Biodiversity mediated the positive effects of precipitation and vegetation cover on soil retention flow. Our study highlights the importance of embracing the spatiotemporal features of ES flows in sustainable transboundary management and adaptation strategies.