bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xylogenesis, Photosynthesis and Respiration in Scots Pine Trees Growing in Eastern Siberia (Russia)
Authors: Antonova G. F. , Stasova V. V. , Suvorova G. G. , Oskolkov V. A.
Published: April 2024

Wood formation (xylogenesis) in trees depends on photosynthesis and respiration. Temperature and precipitation affect photosynthesis and respiration and accordingly growth processes in a tree. We studied xylem and phloem cell formation, cell wall biomass accumulation, photosynthesis productivity, and trunk respiration in Scots pine trees growing in eastern Siberia (Russia) in the years with contrasting summer-weather conditions. The number of cells in the differentiation zones and the morphological parameters of the cells produced by the cambium were determined on samples taken mainly after 10 days of the growing season from the trunks of 10 trees. The activity of cambium and the accumulation of cell wall biomass at individual stages of tree ring wood formation and their relationship to the photosynthetic productivity of the crown and the cost of stem respiration were assessed. The division of cambial cells into xylem or phloem sides depended on the combination of temperature/precipitation in separate periods of the season and on reactions of photosynthesis and respiration to these factors. Biomass accumulation was bimodal with maxima in June (development of early wood) and predominantly in August (development of thick-walled late tracheids). This was due to the optimal combination of air temperature and moisture, which provided a sufficient influx of assimilates and their low consumption by respiration. It is shown that cambial activity and accumulation of biomass in the cell walls of Scots pine annual wood rings depend on the cumulative effect of temperature and precipitation on photosynthesis and stem respiration throughout the growing season. Fluctuations in external factors changed the balance between the inflow of photoassimilates and their utilization. As a result, photoassimilates were used not only for the synthesis of cell wall biomass, but were also partly converted to reserve substances, in particular, into starch. Our study expands understanding of the internal processes that lead to the formation of wood under the influence of external factors.
foxn4 Expression Pattern Suggests Its Association with Neurosensory Cells in the White Sea Hydrozoan Sarsia loveni
Authors: Vetrova A. A. , Prudkovsky A. A. , Kremnyov S. V.
Published: April 2024

The foxn4 is one of the key transcription factor genes controlling retinal formation in vertebrates. However, it is not clear whether its association with light-sensitive organ formation is evolutionary conserved. To answer this question, we tested whether the expression of this gene is localized within light-sensitive organs in a representative of basal Metazoa, the hydroid Sarsia lovenii (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Usually, the life cycle of hydroids includes stages of a pelagic medusa and a benthic polyp. However, in many species, attached medusoids, in which many medusa structures are reduced, form instead of free-swimming medusa. The White Sea hydrozoan Sarsia lovenii is an exceptional example of the species, in which polyps of different haplotypes produce either pelagic medusae or attached medusoids. Comparison of gene expression in medusae and medusoids of S. lovenii is a promising model to study how the formation of morphological traits is regulated in hydrozoan cnidarians. We compared the spatial pattern of Foxn4 expression in medusae and medusoids of S. lovenii by in situ hybridization. In medusae, Foxn4 is expressed not in the photoreceptive ocelli, but in the ectoderm of the tentacle bulb around the ocellus. Although, unlike medusae, S. lovenii medusoids lack ocelli, we detected Foxn4 expression in their reduced tentacle bulbs. It is known that the tentacle bulb in hydrozoan medusae is a zone of localized formation of nematocytes, which are considered to be derivatives of mechanosensory cells. Thus, our results indicate that, in medusae and medusoids of S. lovenii, the foxn4 is not associated with the formation of photoreceptor organs, as in vertebrates. However, it may be associated with nematocytes, another type of neurosensory cells.
А Method for the Quantitative Determination of the Active Receptor of Beta-lactam Antibiotics BlaR-CTD for Bioanalytical Applications
Authors: Serchenya T. S. , Semizhon P. A. , Schaslionak E. P. , Harbachova I. V. , Vashkevich I. I. , Sviridov O. V.
Published: April 2024

A sandwich bioassay for the quantitative determination of the recombinant beta-lactam receptor BlaR-CTD possessing ligand binding activity and immunoreactivity has been developed. In the bioassay system, BlaR-CTD present in a biological liquid or standard sample binds via its receptor site to ampicillin immobilized in a microplate well and interacts through the epitopes of its peripheral structure with specific polyclonal antibodies. The analytical sensitivity of the method proved to be 2 ng/mL, and its concentration range was 5–215 ng/mL. In the processes of heterological expression, isolation and reagent forms preparation, the biological activity of BlaR-CTD was monitored and its stability was evaluated. High purity recombinant beta-lactam receptor BlaR-CTD was obtained. The protein was shown to have a sufficiently high resistance to denaturation by chaotropic agents (urea and guanidine hydrochloride), and it was stable over a wide pH range. Also, we proposed the constructions and procedures of competitive bioassays for beta-lactam antibiotics using microplates (analytical sensitivity – 0.02 ng/mL, IC50 = 0.28 ng/mL) or chromatographic test-strips (detection limit 1–2 ng/mL), which are based on the receptor and antigenic properties of BlaR-CTD.
Detection of “Non-culturable” Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cells by Culture Methods
Authors: Demina G. R. , Shleeva M. O. , Bagaeva D. I. , Vostroknutova G. V. , Kaprelyants A. S.
Published: April 2024

The specific features of the reactivation of “non-culturable” (NC) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) cells for the following propagation in liquid medium were defined, as well as the approach for the quantification of these cells by culture methods was suggested. When NC cells obtained in vitro were inoculated into standard Sauton’s liquid medium, a prolonged (up to 20 days) lag-phase is observed, in which no cell propagation is occurred. During the lag-phase, dormant cells secrete substances of unknown nature that inhibit or completely arrest the reactivation and growth of cultures when initial dormant cells concentration is above 107–108 cells/mL. Addition of meat-peptone broth (3.25 g/L) into a standard Sauton’s medium with a 10-fold reduced concentration of glycerol significantly stimulated the reactivation and propagation of the initially dormant cells inoculated at a concentration above the threshold. This modification of the medium composition made it possible to detect up to 103 times more cells in the MTB population by the method of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of cells. Increased number of the detected dormant cells in the population (up to an average of 2.5 orders of magnitude) was also achieved by adding to the reactivation medium recombinant protein RpfB (5 ng/mL), a protein of the Rpf family – resuscitation promoting factor of dormant bacteria. Perhaps the action of a Rpf enzyme is related to the products of its enzymatic activity, since an increased MPN value in the dormant cells population was also observed when the products of mycobacteria peptidoglycan hydrolysis obtained by the coaction of RpfB and endopeptidase RipA were added. The addition of sonicated peptidoglycan fragments at a concentration up to 1 μg/mL had a similar effect. The obtained results may be used as approaches to optimize liquid media composition and culture conditions aiming to identify in clinical samples the pathogen of tuberculosis remain in “non-culturable” state.
The Use of Phage Antibodies for Microbial Cells Detection (Review)
Authors: Guliy O. I. , Evstigneeva S. S. , Dykman L. A.
Published: April 2024

Phage antibody display technology has revolutionized the field of bacterial immunodetection. This technology allows the expression of an antibody fused to the coat protein of a filamentous bacteriophage. The use of phage display makes it possible to obtain high-affinity antibodies by passing the stage of animal immunization, reducing the time for obtaining stable antibody-producing clones from several months to several weeks, significantly reducing the cost of the process. These advantages make phage antibodies an important tool for bacterial detection. The paper presents a brief description of the technological methods for obtaining phage antibodies to microbial cells. The possibilities and prospects for using phage antibodies as a selective agent in analytical systems, including biosensors, are discussed.
Development of Kinetic Microplate Immunoenzyme Determination of Dibutyl Phthalate
Authors: Komova N. S. , Zherdev A. V. , Dzantiev B. B. , Berlina A. N. , Serebrennikova K. V.
Published: April 2024

Phthalic acid esters are integral components of modern plastic products and packaging materials, which causes significant contamination of food products and the environment, leading to the need for simple productive monitoring methods. The article presents a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in fruit juices, based on the competitive interaction between free and bound antigen for the binding sites of specific antibodies. The analytical characteristics of the method were studied in various kinetic regimes of the competition stage. Optimal conditions have been established to ensure the minimum detection limit and high measurement accuracy. The duration of the competitive stage of ELISA was chosen 30 min; the range of determined concentrations of DBP was from 0.37 to 68.34 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.08 ng/mL. The efficiency of the proposed ELISA for testing fruit juices was shown for the chosen DBP extraction mode.
Optimization of Biolistic Transformation Parameters for Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Davlekamova A. A. , Zubritsky A. V. , Timofeeva T. A. , Yakovleva I. V. , Kamionskaya A. M.
Published: April 2024

Biolistics is one of the widely used methods to deliver nucleic acids into plant cells. In this work, we optimized the protocol for biolistic transformation of Nicotiana tabacum with the gene gun PDS-1000/He Biolistic Particle Delivery System. The Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene was used as a marker. The optimal parameters for the transformation of N. tabacum leaf cells were determined as: pressure, 1350 psi; tungsten particle size, 1.3 μm; plasmid DNA purification method, ethanol re-precipitation. The results should be useful for the development of biolistic transformation protocols for plant cells, including application for plant genome editing of agricultural species.
Method of DNA Extraction from Plant for Metagenomic Analysis as Example from Grape Vitis amurensis Rupr.
Authors: Kiselev K. V. , Nityagovsky N. N. , Aleynova О. А.
Published: April 2024

A new method for extracting DNA from plants is proposed, using the example of wild grapes Vitis amurensis Rupr., for further preparation of libraries for metagenomic analysis. The method is based on the isolation of DNA by an inexpensive CTAB method with an additional stage of DNA purification using silica spin columns (CTAB spin method). A comparative analysis of the results of metagenomic analysis of endophytes on DNA isolated using the proposed CTAB-spin method and using the commercial set ZymoBIOMICS DNA Miniprep (Zymo Research). It was found that when using the CTAB-spin method, the number of sequences of the 16S rRNA site and the diversity of bacterial genera were 2.8 and 1.2 times greater, respectively, than when using the ZymoBIOMICS kit. At the same time, the number of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the biodiversity of endophytic fungi did not differ significantly during DNA extraction by two methods. Thus, the proposed method of DNA isolation for metagenomic analysis is an available and effective alternative to commercial kits for the isolation of plant DNA for new generation sequencing methods.
The Efficiency of Various DNA Polymerases for Amplification of Long Sequences from Genomic DNA and cDNA of Cultivated Potato
Authors: Antipov A. D. , Zlobin N. E.
Published: April 2024

Amplification of long fragments from complex templates, such as eukaryotic genomic DNA, is considered a difficult task for most DNA polymerases. In this research, 6 variants of DNA polymerases were used to amplify full-length sequences from the genomic DNA of Solanum tuberosum genes encoding translation initiation factors of the eIF4E family, as well as for the synthesis of fragments of the potato Y virus genome from cDNA of potato plants infected by this virus. It was found that the efficiency of amplification by various DNA polymerases generally decreased with increasing length of the amplicons. LongAmp and Platinum SuperFi II polymerases demonstrated the highest efficiency in the synthesis of long fragments, which made it possible to synthesize PCR products with a length of more than 10,000 base pairs with high efficiency. The lowest efficiency was demonstrated by Encyclo polymerase. None of the DNA polymerases provided efficient amplification of all the studied DNA fragments. At the same time, any of the studied DNA fragments could be effectively amplified using at least one DNA polymerase variant. Thus, the choice of DNA polymerase was of key importance for the efficiency of the synthesis of a desired PCR product.
On Particular Regimens of Derivative UV-spectrophotometry for Comparative Analysis of Proteins
Authors: Lianguzov A. Y. , Malygina N. M. , Ivanov A. M. , Petrova T. A.
Published: April 2024

Bovine serum albumin and two oxygen transport proteins, hemocyanin from the snail Achatina fulica and bovine hemoglobin, were used to define what regimens of derivative UV-spectrophotometry are most appropriate for using it as an express technique for nondestructive comparative analysis of native proteins preparations. It was found that the fourth derivatives of proteins absorption spectra make it possible to detect the individual bands of aromatic amino acids in a way optimal for solving certain practical problems. An algorithm for calculating the fourth derivatives was selected experimentally. To verify the approach, the fourth derivatives of the native proteins spectra were reconstructed by combining those of individual aromatic amino acids spectra in the range of 240–300 nm. To demonstrate the individual differences between proteins, it is proposed to use the correlation coefficients of the fourth derivatives of spectra in the range of 240–300 nm or in the wavelength range of tyrosine and tryptophan. Although this approach does not provide for estimating the exact contents of individual aromatic amino acids in proteins, it allows comparing different proteins between each other. The proposed approach makes it possible to obtain an individual spectral “portrait” of a protein, which distinguishes it from other proteins and is useful as a reference for further experimental work with it.
Melanin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus F-1375 in Submerged Liquid Cultivation and its Antiretroviral Properties
Authors: Teplyakova T. V. , Markovich N. A. , Gashnikova N. M. , Gashnikova M. P.
Published: April 2024

We have explored the effect of a new strain of the mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Ach.:Pers.) Pilat (Basidiomycota) F-1375 on melanin production in a glucose-tryptone medium, adding the preparation of betulin, chemically pure tyrosine, under electric lighting and under dark conditions. The betulin preparation in the examined concentrations had practically no effect on the production of melanin, while high concentrations of tyrosine stimulated the production of melanin both under illumination and in the dark. All studied samples of mushroom melanin are non-toxic: both isolated from natural (TC50 = 96 ± 8 μg/mL) and cultured in a liquid medium with the addition of betulin and tyrosine (TC50 from 164 to 400 μg/mL); active against HIV-1 in MT-4 cell culture (IC50 1 to 4.3 μg/mL, SI 17 to 192). The selectivity indices of the learned preparations of melanin of cultivated Inonotus obliquus F-1375 against the human immunodeficiency virus subtype A were at the level of 33-192, which makes it possible to recommend them for the development of antiviral agents. Melanin from mushroom Inonotus obliquus F-1375 cultured in the electrical light with the addition of 10 and 20 mM tyrosine has the highest selectivity index for retrovirus HIV-1 (SI 192).
Isolation, Purification and some Properties of Staphylolytic Enzyme from Staphylococcus hyicus
Authors: Fedorov T. V. , Teymurazov M. G. , Surin A. K. , Tazina O. I. , Biketov S. F.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents data on the identification of a new staphylolytic enzyme from the cultural liquid of Staphylococcus hyicus B-8870. The primary sequence of the enzyme has the maximum similarity to the CHAP domain of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase from Staphylococcus sciuri DD 4747. The enzyme is active against a wide range of microorganisms of the Staphylococcus genus, including MRSA strains. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 13993 Da, the absorption coefficient at 280 nm is \(\varepsilon \frac{{{\text{mg}}}}{{{\text{ml}}}}\) 3.94, the value of the isoelectric point pI 10.35. The specific activity of the enzyme in relation to the cell suspension of S.aureus FDA 209P is 1518 U/mg with an optimum pH of 7.7 and a temperature of 40°C.
Phage Antibodies for Kanamycin Detection
Authors: Guliy O. I. , Evstigneeva S. S. , Staroverov S. A. , Fomin A. S. , Karavaeva O. A.
Published: April 2024

Recombinant antibodies specific to kanamycin were obtained using a sheep display library of scFv fragments (Griffin.1) and the possibility of their use for the determination of kanamycin by dot-immunoassay was demonstrated. The minimum detectable concentration of kanamycin is 1 μg/mL (distinguishable label binding other than background). It has been shown that anti-kanamycin phage antibodies are specific for kanamycin and do not interact with other antibiotics (neomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin). Anti-kanamycin phage antibodies are a promising alternative to monoclonal antibodies for use in the determination of kanamycin.
Design and decoding of polar codes with large kernels: a survey
Authors: Trifonov P. V
Published: April 2024

We present techniques for the construction of polar codes with large kernels and their decoding. A crucial problem in the implementation of the successive cancellation decoding algorithm and its derivatives is kernel processing, i.e., fast evaluation of the log-likelihood ratios for kernel input symbols. We discuss window and recursive trellis processing methods. We consider techniques for evaluation of the reliability of bit subchannels and for obtaining codes with improved distance properties.
Batch poissonian arrival models of multiservice network traffic
Authors: Lichtzinder B. Ya , Privalov A. Yu , Moiseev V. I
Published: April 2024

The emergence of packet-switched communication networks has made it clear that Poissonian arrival flow models are not quite adequate and required the development of new models based on non-Poisson distributions. This paper is devoted to the analysis of a particular case of a batch Markovian flow, namely, batch (nonordinary) Poissonian arrivals. Such a flow is stationary and memoryless but not ordinary. We consider a class of queueing systems with constant service time. We present results of analytical computations of arrival flow parameters and also simulation results. We show that the variance of the queue depends on the third moment of the batch size in a batch Poissonian arrival flow.
Constructions and invariants of optimal codes in the Lee metric
Authors: Mogilnykh I. Yu , Solov'eva F. I
Published: April 2024

We propose concatenated and switching methods for the construction of single-error-correcting perfect and diameter codes in the Lee metric. We analyze ranks and kernels of diameter perfect codes obtained by the switching construction.
Covering codes for the fixed length Levenshtein metric
Authors: Vorobyev I. V
Published: April 2024

A covering code, or a covering, is a set of codewords such that the union of balls centered at these codewords covers the whole space. As a rule, the problem consists in nding the minimum of a covering code. For the classical Hamming metric, the size of the smallest covering code of a xed radius R is known up to a constant factor. A similar result has recently been obtained for codes with R insertions and codes with R deletions. In the present paper we study coverings of a space for the xed length Levenshtein metric, i.e., for R insertions and R deletions. For R = 1, 2 we prove new lower and upper bounds on the minimum cardinality of a covering code, which di er by a constant factor only.
Feasibility of data transmission under attack: from isolated toughness variant perspective
Authors: Gao Wei , Başkonuş Hacı Mehmet , Cattani Carlo
Published: April 2024

The graph model is an appreciable tool for data transmission network, where the feasibility of data transmission in site attack circumstances can be described by fractional critical graphs, and the vulnerability of networks can be measured by isolation toughness variant. This paper considers both the stability of the network and the feasibility of data transmission when the sites are destroyed, and determines the isolated toughness variant bound for fractional (a, b, n)-critical graphs, where the parameter n represents the number of damaged sites at a certain moment. A counterexample proves the sharpness of the given isolated toughness variant bound. The main theoretical conclusion provides an equilibrium between performance and cost in network topology designing.
The US economy: “symptoms” of a recession and the “diseases” of high-tech industries
Authors: Shepel Tatiana S. , Gorbokon Boris V.
Published: April 2024

An analysis of the current state of the US economy is provided, as well as an outlook of its further development in the context of economic cycles: how close and real is a recession under the current conditions. Key attention is paid to the aggressive monetary policy of the US Federal Reserve System (Fed) and its impact on rising inflation and employment rates in the country. In particular, mass layoffs in the IT sector are analyzed in relation to the current economic cycle and in retrospective comparison with the dot-com crisis of 2001. It is revealed that the credit crisis that formed in the course of an active monetary policy influenced the actions of the Fed. However, it is concluded that, in general, the vector of US monetary policy will remain the same in the near future and will most likely lead to a soft landing recession in the second half of 2023, which is confirmed by changes in current and forecast macroeconomic indicators of the US economy, as well as changes in the condition of the world economy in general.
Interconnected dynamics of duration, productivity and “bullshit” of labor (branch aspect on the example of the USA)
Authors: Minat Valery N.
Published: April 2024

Within the framework of the generally accepted concept of the increasing role of materialized labor in productivity, a constant but slowing growth in the rate of labor productivity and a reduction in working hours, some paradoxes of labor productivity formed and developed in the past few decades. One of the paradoxical phenomena characteristic of industries with a traditionally high share of human labor is the increase in working hours due to additionally created jobs, assessed by D. Graeber as completely or partially meaningless (“bullshit”) labor. Such labor does not create value, but only participates in its redistribution in favor of the least valuable for society types of activity that, as a rule, serve the creation of a real product or socially significant service. This dynamic actualizes the problem of the relationship between productivity, duration and meaninglessness of labor, not only as socio-economic, but also cultural value. Based on data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and the results of factor analysis using a mathematical correlation-regression apparatus, the indicated relationships in the performance dynamics of two sectors of the US economy over a long period of time were modeled. It was empirically confirmed that in the context of a long-term increase in labor productivity, leading to a general reduction in working hours, a contradiction with the ethical principle of “purchasing” labor by the employer is gradually forming and developing, leading to stagnation and a subsequent increase in working hours due to the creation and diversification of different forms of meaningless labor. It is shown that the increase in the cost of living labor, expressed, in particular, in the need to allocate additional working time for socially meaningless work, objectively slows down productivity in construction and healthcare in the United States.
Industrial alliances in the policy of industrial autonomy of the European Union
Authors: Belov Vladislav B.
Published: April 2024

The activities of the EU industrial alliances created in 2017-2023, as well as “important projects of common European interest” (IPCEIs) interacting with them are analyzed. The motives for their creation and the first results of their activities in the context of the socio-economic space of the European Union formed by Brussels within the framework of strategic (including industrial) autonomy are examined. Particular attention is paid to the role of Germany and France in the launch and evolution of the EU’s industrial policy. These countries consistently advocated increasing state support of “European champion companies” and their consolidation in the world’s leading economic niches. It is shown that the European Commission considers these alliances to be an important factor in maintaining and increasing the international competitiveness of the EU economic complex and its industrial ecosystems.
Japanese non-mainstream political discourse in the context of the latest Russia-Japan relations
Authors: Nikiporets-takigawa Galina Yur'evna
Published: April 2024

The state and prospects of Russian-Japanese relations after the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis depend on both foreign and domestic political factors, including the views on geopolitical issues of Japanese political elites and also the degree of their independence relative to the US. The official Japanese political discourse is completely consolidated with the American after the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis. The opposition to mainstream discourse within Japan, its effectiveness and significance for Russian-Japanese relations is studied. Analysis of the expert opinion with help of in-depth interviewing, as well as secondary sources and public speeches are presented. The conclusion is that the support of the US and the unified Western narrative is due to the current leadership of PM F. Kishida, as well as the traditional weakness of the Japanese opposition under the dominance of the ruling LDP. The visibility of consolidation is also strengthened by specific conductors of mainstream discourse - the Japanese media. Nevertheless, for a number of representatives of the Japanese political opposition, the Ukrainian crisis has become a weighty argument in criticizing the official discourse. Non-mainstream discourse increases its influence on mainstream, as well as on Japanese public opinion. The research results are also important because in the current Russian-Japanese relations, Russia is willing to know the political actors and their activities, which can be relied on to normalize these relations and promote in Japan the Russian point of view on the Ukrainian crisis and the role of the US in it.
Patriotism and migration sentiments of generation Z in Novosibirsk and the Novosibirsk regionon the eve of the smo
Authors: Novokreshchenov Aleksandr V. , Abdrakhmanova Venera B.
Published: April 2024

The empirical study of migration attitudes among young people of Novosibirsk, its suburbs and regional remote rural settlements is conducted to reveal how widespread the sense of patriotism is among them, as well as their values and value orientations. Factors of the desire to leave not only their homes, but also their homeland, are determined. It is shown that social and economic reasons such as family income and quality of life in the settlement are not significant in making the decision to migrate. The main factor is the desire either to realize themselves in their profession (for a minority of respondents) or to carry out their dream of a “good life” inspired by social networks and bloggers. While residents of the villages seek their dreams in the megacity, its residents in large numbers intend to migrate to Western Europe or the United States, including for permanent residence. The pessimism of young people about the prospect of Russia becoming a great prosperous state is alarming.
Consumption, leisure, social interactions: the features of russians’ lifestyle in the unstable 2020s
Authors: Loginov Dmitry M. , Titov Vladimir N.
Published: April 2024

On the basis of a set of representative sociological surveys carried out by the Institute of Social Analysis and Forecasting RANEPA from 2021 to 2023 the article reviews features of Russians’ lifestyle in the time period when the period of disadvantage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has been replaced by a new stage of multi-aspect socio-economic instability. Quite a high spread of online consumption established in the post-pandemic period which significantly differentiates socio-demographic groups of Russian people has been revealed. The specifics of consumer practices in conditions of new instability have been shown. The features and dynamics of recreation and leisure practices, subjective satisfaction with which is in the zone of positive assessments, have been studied. However, the problem appears to be the existence of a significant group of Russians who have to adjust models of recreational behaviour with partial refusal from desired ways of leisure time. The results of the analysis show that most of the population has the potential for social interactions which may be converted into assistance and support, mostly on the interpersonal rather than institutional level.
Cognitive biases in the behavior of nonprofessional investor
Authors: Ryzhkova Marina V. , Kashapova Elmira R. , Dibrov Artem M. , Kostromina Arina E.
Published: April 2024

The impact of cognitive biases on the financial behavior of investors is studied. In theory, an investor is a rational actor; in reality, his/her behavior is subject to systematic errors due to subjective beliefs, emotional and cognitive reasons. This creates barriers to making rational financial decisions, resulting in limited financial literacy in practice. The purpose of the study is to classify cognitive biases and identify the specifics of their manifestation among retail investors. A literature review of studies of cognitive biases in the financial market, as a result of which the investor’s actions deviate from rational financial behavior, is presented. A classification of cognitive biases is proposed taking into account their characteristics and the degree of influence on the behavior of professional and non-professional investors. An analysis of the role of financial literacy programs in overcoming imperfections in investment decision-making is given. The study’s findings suggest that financial literacy programs are not a panacea for ineffective decisions and justify the need to include practical tools to overcome manifestations of cognitive biases.
Evidence of Grenville and Valhalla Tectonic Events at the Western Margin of the Siberian Craton from Rocks of the Garevka Complex (North Yenisei Ridge)
Authors: Likhanov I. I.
Published: April 2024

The tectonic evolution of the Siberian cratonic margins offers important clues for global paleogeographic reconstructions, particularly with regard to the complex geological history of Central Asia. The Yenisey Ridge fold-and-thrust belt at the western margin of the Siberian Craton forms part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and is a key to understand the Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Siberian Craton and crustal growth in the CAOB. Understanding the tectonic evolution of the Yenisei Ridge is crucial for solving the debate related to the role of the Siberian Craton within the Rodinia supercontinent assemblies and breakup with the opening of the Paleoasian ocean. Here we report new data on the petrogenesis, tectonic settings, thermodynamic conditions, metamorphism and protolith ages for compositionally contrasting rocks of the Garevka metamorphic complex, obtained from the results of mineralogical-petrological, geochemical, and isotope-geochronological studies. Possible models and geodynamic settings for their formation are discussed. Based on the results of U-Pb dating of zircons, two new pulses of Neoproterozoic endogenous activity at the western margin of the Siberian craton were established, associated with Grenville (930–900 Ma) and (880–845 Ma) post-Grenville Valhalla (880–845 Ma) accretion-and-collision processes. These episodes of regional crustal evolution are correlated with the synchronous successions and similar style of rocks along the Arctic margin of Rodinia and supports the spatial proximity of Siberia and North Atlantic cratons (Laurentia and Baltica), which is consistent with the proposed Neoproterozoic paleogeographic reconstructions of the Rodinia configuration.
Age and Isotope-Geochemical Characteristics of Ta, Nb, W, Sn Mineralization Associated with Rare-Metal Granites (Khangilay Ore District, Eastern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Badanina E. V. , Syritso L. F. , Ivanova A. A. , Rizvanova N. G.
Published: April 2024

The age relations between the formation of the parent massif and the time of crystallization of the associated ore mineralization were established on the basis of isotope-geochronological study of the massifs-deposits of the Khangily ore district with various metallogenic specialization in Eastern Transbaikalia. In the Orlovka massif of Li-F granites, the crystallization time of columbite-tantalite (145 ± 1 Ma) and cassiterite (144.2 ± 0.3 Ma) (U-Pb, ID-TIMS) is almost identical to the crystallization time of zircon (140.6 ± 2.9 Ма (U-Pb, SHRIMP) and 145 ± 1 Ma (U-Pb, CA-ID-TIMS)) – an age marker of the formation of massifs. This fact testifies to the magmatogenic nature of rare-metal mineralization. In the Spokojnoye massif – the “standard type” of rare-metal peraluminous granites – a time gap with an interval of 0.6–3.8 Ma was revealed between the time of formation of the massif (141.3 ± 1.8 Ма, U-Pb, SHRIMP, 146.9 ± 0.7 Ма, Rb-Sr isotopic system) and crystallization of wolframite (141.8 ± 0.6, Rb-Sr isotopic system and 140.1 ± 1.4 Ма, Sm-Nd isotopic system). Perhaps this interval corresponds to the time of formation of the hydrothermal system, with which tungsten mineralization is genetically related.
Petrogeochemical Characteristics of Late Devonian Metagabbro-Dolerites of the Kara Astrobleme (Nenets Autonomous District, Russia)
Authors: Shaibekov R. I. , Ulyasheva N. S. , Tropnikov E. M. , Ignatiev G. V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents new results of detailed petrographic and petrogeochemical studies of metagabbro-dole-rites from the center of the Kara Astrobleme. The data obtained made it possible to narrow the petrographic diversity of the rocks to two varieties: metagabbro-dolerites and quartz metagabbro-dolerites, formed during the differentiation of the original magmatic melt. The geochemical features of the rocks indicate the heterogeneity of the magma-generating source. Metagabbro-dolerites and quartz metagabbro-dolerites are characterized by the presence of planar elements of low and middle stages of impact metamorphism.
Early Paleozoic Tectonothermal Evolution of the Khan-Khukhay Metamorphic Complex (Northern Mongolia)
Authors: Polyansky O. P. , Selyatitskii A. Yu. , Zinoviev S. V. , Babichev A. V.
Published: April 2024

A reconstruction of metamorphic stages of Moren and Erzin metamorphic Complexes in the Khan-Khuhay block of Nothern Mongolia presented in the paper. Based on it a general geodynamic history of Sangilen terrain of Tuva-Mongolia Massif discussed. Reconstructed “clock-wise” P-T trend demonstrated two stage of metamorphism, the first of which is due to collision metamorphism with P-T parameters of 9 kbar, 740°C, the second one is due to regional magmatic episode with P-T parameters of 6-7 kbar, 860–880°C. Geochemical and petrological peculiarities of rocks in the Khan-Khuhay block demonstrates resemblance with metamorphic block of Western Sangilen in South-East Tuva. In the first time quartz monzodiorite intrusive bodies founded within Khan-Khuhay block. Their geochemical peculiarities are similar to Ordovician gabbro-monzodiorite intrusives of Western Sangilen. Quartz monzodiorite intrusives of Khan-Khuhay are likely a small apophysis of a deep-crust intermediate magma chamber and can present probable thermal source of metamorphic stage M2 in the Khan-Khuhay block. Numerical thermo-mechanical model of metamorphism in the Khan-Khuhay block explain heating in the thickening crust during collision due to higher radiogenic heat source of 1.52 μW/m3. Using computer modeling was show that the P-T parameters of second metamorphic stage can realize only by means of magmatic heat from monzodiorite intrusion. Reconstruction of P-T parameters using mineral thermobarometry, similarity of geochemical characteristics, as well as the results of thermomechanical modeling allow us to conclude that the Erzin and Moren complexes have undergone a joint tectono-metamorphic evolution.
Stages and Conditions of Formation of Carbonate-Silicate Veins and Near-Vein Aureoles in the Early Proterozoic Complexes of the Belomorian Mobile Belt, North Karelia
Authors: Volkov I. S. , Kozlovskii V. M.
Published: April 2024

On the islands and the coast of the White Sea in North Karelia, the bodies of Early Proterozoic metamorphosed gabbroids are widely distributed in Archean gneiss. Carbonate-silicate veins with sulfide mineralization are confined to these bodies of metabasites, as well as to their contacts with gneiss. The main vein minerals are plagioclase, quartz, carbonates and chlorite. The stages of vein formation correspond to the transition from early quartz-plagioclase to late quartz-carbonate associations with chlorite and sulfides. The early (high-temperature) stage is fixed by the amphibolite aureoles around the vein with temperature estimates of about 550–650°C by the TWQ method. This stage corresponds to the quartz-plagioclase association of the marginal zones of the veins. The transition to the late stage with the formation of veined quartz-carbonate associations (± biotite) occurred at temperatures of 540°C and lower, judging by the calcite-dolomite associations. Further development of quartz–chlorite–carbonate and sulfide associations in veins and wall amphibolites corresponds to a decrease in temperature to 350°C and below, judging by chlorite thermometers. Vein formation and near-vein amphibolitization are presumably associated with the impact of metamorphic fluids at the latest retrograde stage of metamorphism in the Early Proterozoic.
Geodynamic of a Breakup of Western Part of the Karelian Craton: Data on 2.1 Ga Mafic Magmatism
Authors: Samsonov A. V. , Stepanova A. V. , Salnikova E. B. , Larionova Y. O. , Larionov A. N.
Published: April 2024

Mafic within-plate magmatism is the main source of information about the geodynamics of processes that lead to the breakup of continental blocks. The article discusses the problem of geodynamics of the split of the Archean supercraton Superia in the Middle Paleoproterozoic. The discussion is based on data on 2.1 Ga magmatism in the Karelian Craton, where basites of this age are represented by tholeiites of two geochemical types: depleted and enriched. Geochemically close to N-MORB, depleted tholeiites were studied in Northern Priladozhye where they form methadoleritic dike swarms at c. 2111 ± 6 Ma (U-Pb, SIMS, zircon) in the Khatunoiya locality, and pillow lavas and sills near Lake Maloye Janisjarvi. Enriched tholeiites were studied in the Lake Tulos locality where they form a large swarm of doleritic dikes at 2118 ± 5 Ma (U-Pb, ID-TIMS, baddeleyite). The results of these studies provide deeper insight into 2.1 Ga mafic magmatism. Depleted tholeiites with N-MORB geochemistry have a spatial distribution in the Karelian Craton and could be formed as a result of decompression melting of a depleted asthenospheric mantle, raising melts along the extension zones, and minimal contamination by the Archean crust. The simultaneous formation of enriched tholeiitic melts probably occurred at differentiation and crustal contamination of depleted tholeiites during melt migration through more rigid Archean crustal blocks. Data on basic magmatism with an age of 2.1 Ga in the Karelian craton, which are difficult to explain within the framework of the mantle plume rise model, are consistent with the model of lithosphere extension due to the retreat of the subduction zone in the northeastern framing of the craton, in the Lapland-Kola Ocean in the interval of 2.0–2.2 Ga years. The maximum thinning, discontinuity of the Archean continental lithosphere, and the opening of an oceanic basin at the western edge of the Karelian craton were probably controlled by the suture zone of the junction of the Neoarchean crust with the Paleoarchean blocks, a chain of which was traced in the west of the Karelian craton. An additional factor that led to breakup of the lithosphere 2.1 Ga ago could be the rise of a deep mantle plume in the Khern craton, which occupied a spatial position close to the Karelian craton in the Archean supercraton Superia.
Cytogenetic Effects in the Bone Marrow of Animals Living in Conditions of Increased Natural Radiation Background
Authors: Bashlykova L. A. , Raskosha O. V.
Published: April 2024

We studied the cytogenetic effects in the bone marrow cells of root voles (Alexandromys (Microtus) oeconomus Pall.), which lived in areas contaminated with uranium and radium, as a result of the operation of radium mining (radium site) and the storage of its waste (uranium-radium site) (Komi Republic). The level and nature of mutational effects in voles from radioactively contaminated areas indicates the persistence of an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations and the appearance of individuals with an altered karyotype, which indicates genetic instability. When determining the nature of the dynamics of the mutation process in the studied populations, a high frequency of cells with micronuclei was noted in voles from the radium area, with the exception of the phase of population decline. In experiments with the use of provocative factors of chemical (urethane) and radiation (acute γ-irradiation) nature, an increase in the stability of bone marrow cells of animals living in conditions of increased background radiation has been shown.
Minor Fractions of Phospholipids in Mechanism of the Wild Rodent Adaptation to Increased Radiatiom Phone
Authors: Shishkina L. N. , Kudyasheva A. G.
Published: April 2024

The participant of the minor fractions of the liver phospholipids in the mechanism of adaptation for four species of wild rodents caught in the different years in the Chernobyl accident zone at the areas with level of the dose rate of the external γ-irradiation from 0.02 to 200 mR/h in 1987 is studied in dependence on the radioresistance of species. At first year after accident the growth of the lysoforms of phospholipids share and sphingomyelin involved in the apoptosis process and the increase of cardiolipin taking part in the interaction of DNA with membrane is revealed, During 5 years after the accident there is the increase of the sum share of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine taking part in the calcium ion transport and in regulation of the inner cell processes. Data obtained and analysis of literature allow us to conclude that the change of proportion of the minor fractions of phospholipids in liver of the wild rodents living at areas with the increased radiation level causing the adaptive reorganizations in the cell metabolism are the base for formation of the new subpopulations in these territories having the lipid peroxidation regulatory system different from norm.
Cataractogenic Effects щf Low-Dose Radiation цith Low Let: More not Than There. Report 2. Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Koterov A. N. , Ushenkova L. N.
Published: April 2024

Radiation damage to the lens is considered to be the third most important effect of radiation, after mortality from cancer and diseases of the circulatory system (ICRP-118). In terms of the effects of low dose radiation with low LET (up to 100 mGy), interest in the problem of cataractogenic disorders is growing, although there is no clarification of the issue. In the present study, two reports attempt to fill this gap. Report 1 reviewed the work on cataractogenic effects of the lowest doses of radiation with low LET in experiments in vitro and in vivo and concluded that there was no significant confirmation of them in animal experiments; Report 2 presents the results of epidemiological studies relevant to the problem. Data are presented on the uncertainties associated with such epidemiological studies: the ambiguity of the relationship between disorders in the lens and the formation of cataracts, their dependence on age, as well as the dependence of the estimation on the accepted system for classifying opacities. These uncertainties have had the consequence that since 1977 the ICRP has proposed five successively decreasing threshold doses (limits) for lens disorders. The dose patterns for radiogenic damage to the lens in the nine exposed groups mentioned in the reviews are considered: victims of atomic bombings (LSS), liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, medical radiologists (rentgenologists, technologists), patients after computed tomography and radiotherapy, industrial radiographers, nuclear industry workers, residents living with an increased radiation background (natural and man-made), for cosmonauts/astronauts and pilots. For some groups, there were statements about the effects of low doses of radiation, however, the presence of a number of epidemiological uncertainties (reverse causality in diagnostic exposure, the contribution of radiation with high LET, UV and solar radiation in cosmonauts/astronauts and pilots, doses above 100 mGy for the upper limit of the studied range in residents, etc.) do not allow us to consider these statements as proven. Therefore, for most exposed groups, a threshold of 300 mGy should be adhered to, regardless of acute or chronic exposure, according to ICRP-118, although due to the precautionary principle, based on the data discussed in Reports 1 and 2, the limit can be reduce to 200 mGy. Exceptions are medical radiologists (rentgenologists, technologists) and industrial radiographers, for whom the cataractogenic effects of low doses (several tens of milligray; working minimum – 20 mGy) can be real. This is probably due to the direct involvement of the organ of vision in professional manipulations with radiation. It is concluded that it is expedient to limit ourselves to these two groups in the future when studying radiogenic disorders in the lens after exposure to low doses of low-LET radiation, while the other groups are unpromising in this regard.
Radionuclide Content in Needles of Pinus sylvestris L. in Conditions of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic (Western Caucasus)
Authors: Mollaeva M. Z. , Tembotova F. A. , Gangapshev A. M. , Kazalov V. V. , Gezhaev A. M.
Published: April 2024

This study presents original data on the content of radionuclides of natural (cosmogenic and terrorogenic) and man-made origin in the assimilation apparatus of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L), which grows in the Western Caucasus (within the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic). The content of radioisotopes of beryllium (7 Be), potassium (40K), thorium (232Th), uranium (238U) and cesium (137Cs) was revealed in pine needles. Close correlation of radionuclide content in pine needles samples 7Be, 238U, 137Cs with the height of growing places was revealed.