bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asociación entre variables reproductivas y anticuerpos anti Neospora caninum en bovinos lecheros de un municipio de Colombia
Authors: Pulido Medellín Martín Orlando , Díaz Anaya Adriana María , Andrade Becerra Roy José
Published: July 2017

El objetivo fue determinar el porcentaje de vacas seropositivas a Neospora caninum y la identificación de las variables reproductivas que se encuentran relacionadas con la presencia de anticuerpos contra este protozoo. Se tomaron 1,000 muestras de sangre a hembras bovinas del municipio de Sotaquirá, Boyacá, las cuales fueron evaluadas por medio de ELISA indirecta. Se determinó una seroprevalencia de Neospora caninum del 45 %; las variables reproductivas asociadas con la positividad de N. caninum fueron: la presencia de distocia en el parto, el intervalo de edad (3-4 años) y la raza de los bovinos (Holstein), mientras que las variables de presencia de aborto, inseminación artificial, muerte embrionaria, repetición de celo, presentación de terneros débiles al nacer y monta directa con toro, no presentaron relación con la positividad de los bovinos. Los resultados de este estudio muestran la presencia de anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum en animales de producción lechera, siendo esta prevalencia encontrada una muestra del riesgo potencial que representa esta enfermedad sobre el estado reproductivo dentro de los hatos
Design and construction of low-cost respiration chambers for ruminal methane measurements in ruminants
Authors: Canul Solis Jorge Rodolfo , Piñeiro Vázquez Angel Trinidad , Arceo Castillo Jeyderl Israe , Alayón Gamboa José Alayón , Ayala Burgos Armín Javier , Aguilar Pérez Carlos Fernando , Solorio Sánchez Francisco Javier , Castelán Ortega Octavio Alonso , Lachica López Manuel , Quintana Owen Patricia , Ku Vera Juan Carlos
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTRuminant animals contribute significantly to methane emissions in tropical regions. Nonetheless, there are few facilities available in those regions of the world for in vivo measurement of methane production in cattle. The aim of the present work was to describe the design, construction and operation of respiration chambers for in vivo measurement of methane production in cattle in Mexico. Locally available materials were used in the construction. Walls, roof and doors were constructed of thermic panels with two windows of acrylic at the front so the animal can be observed at all times. Chambers have an air volume of 9.97 m3. Air is drawn from the chamber at a rate of 500 L/min by the effect of mass action flow generators. Methane was measured in air samples with an infrared analyzer. Chambers operate under a slight negative pressure of around -500 Pa. Air temperature inside the chambers is kept at 23 °C with an air conditioner, while relative humidity is maintained at 55 % with a dehumidifier. Functioning of the chambers was evaluated in Bos indicus, Nelore cattle fed Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and a concentrate (18 % crude protein), and measurements were made during runs of 23 h duration. Methane production was on average 173.2 L per day, while the emission factor was 17.48 L methane per kilogram o dry matter consumed. It concludes that this respiration facility is capable of measuring methane production accurately in cattle fed tropical rations.
Modelado de riesgos para el sistema vaca-cría del estado de Chihuahua utilizando indicadores socioeconómicos y ambientales
Authors: Santellano-Estrada Eduardo , Iracheta-Lara Ireyli Zuluamy , Iglesias-Martínez Eva , Méndez-Zamora Gerardo , Esparza-Vela Mario Edgar
Published: July 2017

Los sistemas de producción de bovinos-carne se encuentran expuestos a una vulnerabilidad inminente por el sobre pastoreo, cambios en el uso de suelo y un manejo inadecuado del hato. El objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar un modelo matemático integrado por indicadores ambientales y socioeconómicos de tres ecorregiones, que identifiquen factores y patrones de vulnerabilidad en la densidad ganadera (Dg) del sistema vaca-cría del estado de Chihuahua. La estimación mostró que el aumento de la Dg en una unidad animal en los predios ejidales eleva los costos de producción 0.0358 unidades porcentuales, al demandar un mayor consumo de materia vegetal e insumos. La diferencia en las unidades animal entre tipos de tenencia predial, al considerar un programa de capacitación técnico pecuario, disminuye entre las zonas, y mostró que la vulnerabilidad en los predios ejidales es inferior ante un evento de sequía. Se pretende que este trabajo genere información útil para analizar los posibles riesgos que afecten la rentabilidad económica, social y ambiental en las ecorregiones del estado de Chihuahua.
Fundamentación teórica y propuesta metodológica para el abordaje de la alfabetización visual en el nivel preescolar
Authors: Soto Grant Andrea
Published: July 2017

El ensayo se deriva de la investigación realizada para la obtención del grado de Maestría enPlanificación Curricular de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Uno de los resultados de la investigación fuela elaboración de una propuesta metodológica específica de alfabetización visual para el nivel depreescolar, tomando en cuenta las particulares que este grupo etario conlleva. Con este fin se realizóuna revisión teórica sobre las diversas metodologías para el aprendizaje de la alfabetización visual, asícomo información teórica específica en torno al aprendizaje de los niños y niñas en edad preescolar.La propuesta metodológica consta de las fases para el desarrollo de las estrategias didácticas que sedesarrollarán en el aula, así como los pasos para su formulación e implementación. Se toma en cuentala teoría constructivista social de Vigotsky, así como los procesos de aprendizaje propuestos porBruner y las fases de la enseñanza formuladas por Hernández.
Distribution of indoor thoron in dwellings under normal and turbulent flow conditions using CFD simulation technique
Authors: Chauhan Rishi , Kumar Amit , Chauhan Neetika
Published: July 2017

Extensive work has been carried out on measurement of radon and thoron levels
in indoor environment in last three decades. These studies are important from
radiation protection point of view, if one considered the contribution of
radon, thoron and their decay products to total inhalation dose. Numerous
studies on radon measurement well established the behaviour of its dispersion
in dwellings. But the short lives of thoron cause the difficulty to
understand the distribution of thoron in dwellings. The problem becomes more
complicated when thoron dispersion is studied under different inlet air flow
rate. Different air flow pattern may cause different thoron level at
different point in test dwellings causing uncertainty in the measurements.
This work utilized the CFD simulation technique for study of indoor thoron
dispersion in test dwellings under normal and turbulent flow of air. The
simulation study for thoron distribution in a test room was performed for air
velocities 0.10 ms-1, 0.25 ms-1, 0.50 ms-1, 1.0 ms-1, 1.5 ms-1, and 2.0 ms-1.
The results show that the thoron distribution becomes uniform for the inlet
velocity more than 0.5 ms-1 and appropriate to measure indoor thoron
concentration. While in normal condition the measured thoron level varies
depending upon the location of dosimeter. Thoron diffusion and migration
length are also increased with air flow rate.
Erratum: Influence of electromagnetic and nuclear radiation in medicine for therapy and diagnosis through processes, facts and statistical analysis
Authors: Editorial E
Published: July 2017

Editorial Board of the Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection journal
regrets to inform the audience of the journal that in the header of the
article INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC AND NUCLEAR RADIATION IN MEDICINE
FOR THERAPY AND DIAGNOSIS THROUGH PROCESSES, FACTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
by Monika M. ZIVKOVIC, Milesa Z. SRECKOVIC, Tomislav M. STOJIC, and Bojana
M. BOKIC published in the Vol. 32 (2017), 1, pp. 91-98, was made a mistake
concerning the first author's name. It shold be as follows: M.M. Zivkovic,
et al.: Influence of Electromagnetic and Nuclear Radiation ... Editorial
Board offers an apology for this mistake to Dr. Monika M. Zivkovic and the
readers of the Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection journal.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/NTRP1701091Z
MEMPERTANYAKAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA PADA PROFESI AKUNTAN: BERCERMIN PADA KODE ETIK IAI
Authors: Setiawan Achdiar Redy
Published: July 2017

Sebagai negara bangsa, Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar di depan arus besar globalisasi. Secara historis, para founding fathers Indonesia setuju untuk menggunakan nilai-nilai bersama, yaitu Pancasila, sebagai dasar, jiwa dan kehidupan bernegara. Profesi akuntansi yang bekerja di daerah ekonomis juga memiliki kewajiban untuk menyelaraskanpengembangan profesi sejalan dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Tujuan dari artikel konseptual ini untuk mengkritisi apakah profesi akuntansi sejalan (atau tidak) dengan jiwa Negara: Pancasila. Berdasarkan review pada Kode Etik IAI (semacam analisis konten), ditemukan bahwa ada banyak nilai-nilai belum termaktub dalam kode etik. Nilai Pancasila menjadi alat untuk mengkritisi keberadaan dan substansi Kode Etik IAI. Salah satu temuan yang muncul adalah absennya pernyataan bahwa tanggung jawab utama dari akuntan sejatinya kepada Allah. Selain itu, keadilan sosial, keseimbangan distribusi pendapatan dan beberapa nilai-nilai Pancasila harus didorong muncul dan menjadi concerm dalam pengembangan profesi akuntan di masa depan.
PENGARUH MORALITAS INDIVIDU DAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PADA KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI (Studi Eksperimen pada Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Bali)
Authors: Dewi Gusti Ayu Ketut Rencana Sari
Published: July 2017

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti apakah terdapat perbedaan kecenderungan melakukan kecurangan akuntansi antara individu yang memiliki level penalaran moral rendah dan level penalaran moral tinggi, dalam kondisi terdapat elemen pengendalian internal dan tidak terdapat elemen pengendalian internal serta memperoleh bukti apakah terdapat interaksi antara moralitas individu dan pengendalian internal. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2X2 yang melibatkan 112 Kepala Sub Bagian Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Bali. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Two Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kecenderungan melakukan kecurangan akuntansi antara individu yang memiliki level penalaran moral rendah dan level penalaran moral tinggi. Selain itu penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa kecenderungan individu melakukan kecurangan akuntansi dalam kondisi tidak terdapat elemen pengendalian internal dan terdapat interaksi antara moralitas individu dan pengendalian internal. Individu dengan level moral rendah cenderung melakukan kecurangan akuntansi pada kondisi tidak terdapat elemen pengendalian internal.Kata kunci: kecurangan akuntansi; moralitas individu; pengendalian internal ABSTRACTThis study aimed to obtain evidence of whether there are differences in the tendency to commit fraud among individuals who have a low level of moral reasoning and high levels moral reasoning, the conditions are there is elements of internal control and there is no element of internal control and obtain evidence as to whether there was an interaction between individual morality and control internally. The design of the study is experiment design with 2x2 factorial design involving 112 Head of Sub Division of the Provincial Government of Bali. The data analysis technique used is Two Way Anova. The results showed that there are differences in the tendency to commit fraud among individuals who have a low level of moral reasoning and high levels moral reasoning. In addition, this study also proves that the tendency of individuals to commit fraud in the state there is no element of internal control and there was an interaction between individual morality and internal control. Individuals with low morale levels tend to perform fraud on condition there is no element of internal control.Keywords: fraud; morality; internal control
A constructal approach to power distribution networks design
Authors: A.M. Morega  , J.C. Ordonez  , M. Morega
Published: July 2017

Superior, scalable grid topology that may provide for higher quality of service, survivorship capacity, and reconfiguration capability is a feature of modern grid architecture. The reported research is aimed at delivering a possible, constructal solution that is based on a minimumredundant, scalable, reconfigurable topology that helps increasing the grid immunity to faults. We assume that a tree network serves nodes of consumption that are evenly distributed throughout the territory. All nodes are equally important and network survivability means delivering electrical energy to as many consumers as possible. The models and loads estimation is based on the load momentum method.
Beyond Absurdity: Character Reinforcement in Bakdi Soemantos Short Stories
Authors: Dewi Novita
Published: July 2017

This article examines the absurd characters in Bakdi Soemantos selected short stories in the light of character reinforcement. Through the use of analogy of name, environment, and interlocking relationships among the characters, it is revealed that these characters reflect contemporary societys aspirations and expectation of their exemplary leaders or individuals with high authority. The presence of such weird but wise characters discloses the blurred boundaries of sanity and insanity in striving for life meaning as well as meaning of life
Septal Extension Graft in “Closed” Revision Rhinoplasty: A Simplified Technique
Authors: Scattolin Alberto , Galzignato Pier-Francesco , Longari Fabrizio , D'Ascanio Luca
Published: July 2017

Background

The septal extension graft (SEG) is widely used in secondary rhinoplasty for correction of a short nose with loss of tip support and projection, columellar retraction, and hyper-rotated tip secondary to an overresection of the caudal septum. Although SEG precise fixation can be relatively easy in the external approach, the difficulties of SEG placement in “closed” rhinoplasty can be discouraging.

Objective

To describe an easy surgical technique for SEG placement in endonasal revision rhinoplasty and to analyze the aesthetic results of the procedure.

Methods

Thirty-eight patients were submitted to an endonasal approach revision rhinoplasty with endonasal placement of SEG for the correction of a short nose with a hypoprojected and hyper-rotated nasal tip. Pre- and postoperative nasal length, tip projection, and tip rotation (nasolabial and lobulocolumellar angles) were measured for each patient.

Results

An increase (mean ± standard deviation) of nasal length by 15.02 ± 3.91% and an augmentation of tip projection by 11.34 ± 2.26% were noticed after surgery with respect to preoperative conditions. A significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the columellar-labial angle was recorded on postoperative (91.23 ± 3.85°) examination with respect to preoperative (99.81 ± 6.49°) conditions. A decrease (p < 0.001) in the columellar-lobular angle was noted on postoperative assessment (34.02 ± 5.28°) with respect to preoperative examination (50.02 ± 0.36°). No relevant postoperative complication was recorded.

Conclusion

The “endonasal” approach described for SEG placement was an easy and reliable procedure to treat a short nose with loss of tip support and projection, columellar retraction, and hyper-rotated tip, especially in revision surgery. The advantages of our technique over previously described approaches were reported.
Central Compartment Atopic Disease
Authors: DelGaudio John M. , Loftus Patricia A. , Hamizan Aneeza W. , Harvey Richard J. , Wise Sarah K.
Published: July 2017

Background

Isolated polypoid changes of the middle turbinate were recently reported as having a high association with inhalant allergy. A more advanced manifestation of this association may present as polypoid changes of the entire central sinonasal compartment (i.e., the middle and superior turbinates, and the posterosuperior nasal septum), while the lateral sinus mucosa remains relatively normal.

Objective

To introduce and describe this newly recognized variant of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), termed central compartment atopic disease (CCAD).

Methods

A case series of 15 patients from two institutions who presented with sinonasal symptoms and demonstrated central compartment polypoid mucosal changes on computed tomography (CT). The endoscopic appearance of central compartment edema was assessed. Allergy status was determined by skin or serum in vitro testing.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation patient age was 42.4 ± 14.8 years, and 47% of the patients were women. All 15 patients had a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis symptomatically, and those who underwent allergy assessment (14/15) tested positive. All the patients had central compartment polypoid edema on endoscopy and central nasal soft-tissue thickening with peripheral clearing on CT. Even with more severe sinus disease, a central focus of inflammatory change existed.

Conclusion

CCAD may represent a local inhalant allergy process that affects the central nasal structures of ethmoid origin. Although inhalant allergy changes mainly appear within the nasal cavity, medial-to-lateral progression to involve the sinuses can occur as a simple obstructive phenomenon. This is a pattern of CRS distinct from the more diffuse sinonasal inflammatory disease and likely requires allergy management as a core component.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Sublingual Immunotherapy with House-Dust Mite Extract for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Guo Yu , Li Yanqing , Wang Dehui , Liu Quan , Liu Zhuofu , Hu Li
Published: July 2017

Objective

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with house-dust mite (HDM) extract in Chinese patients with HDM-induced allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial was conducted with the outpatients of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University. Forty-eight patients were eligible for randomization to SLIT with a mixture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae extract or placebo for 1 year. The primary outcome measures for efficacy were the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the individual nasal symptom score. Secondary end points were allergic conjunctivitis scores (ACS) and medication scores (MS). Adverse events (AE) also were monitored.

Results

Intragroup analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in the active treatment group for individual nasal symptom score and TNSS (p < 0.05), although no improvement was observed in the placebo group of congestion, sneezing, and itching (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the ACS and MS in the active treatment group also statistically decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, the active treatment had significant effects on relieving nasal symptoms both in adults and children (p < 0.05), and no statistical difference was observed between these two subgroups (p > 0.05). AEs that occurred ranged from mild to moderate, and no severe systematic reactions were observed.

Conclusion

SLIT with a mixture of HDM extract significantly relieved allergy symptoms and reduced the need for antiallergic drugs, which indicated the superiority of active treatment over placebo for patients with HDM-induced AR. However, due to the limited sample size, the findings need to be further confirmed.
Osteopontin Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production in Dispersed Nasal Polyp Cells through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Protein Kinase B and the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathways
Authors: Du Jingdong , Mao Huadong , Ouyang Hong , Xin Yan
Published: July 2017

Background

Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis. The role of OPN in inducing angiogenesis in tumor has been confirmed. In this study, we investigated the expression of OPN in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyp (NP) and the relationship of OPN with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production.

Methods

We enrolled 45 subjects with CRS (25 with CRS with NPs [CRSwNP] and 20 subjects with CRS without NPs [CRSsNP]), and with 14 normal controls to determine the expression of OPN and VEGF. The distribution, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein levels of OPN and VEGF were examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The effect of OPN on the VEGF production was tested in dispersed NP cells (DNPC) and the involved signaling pathways were examined by Western blot.

Results

In NP tissue of the subjects with CRSwNP, the epithelial cells, interstitial cells, glandular cells, and endothelial cells were positive for OPN and VEGF staining, whereas OPN and VEGF immunoactivity in specimens of subjects with CRSsNP and in normal controls was significantly reduced. We found that the immunostainings, the mRNA expression, and the protein levels of OPN and VEGF were significantly increased in NPs compared with normal controls. OPN induced VEGF production by DNPCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- protein kinase B and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Moreover, VEGF also induced OPN production, which formed a positive feedback between OPN and VEGF.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that OPN and VEGF were overproduced in NPs and that OPN induced VEGF production, which indicated that OPN-VEGF axis might contribute to angiogenesis in NPs.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis after Sinus lift
Authors: Jiam Nicole Tin-Lok , Goldberg Andrew N. , Murr Andrew H. , Pletcher Steven D.
Published: July 2017

Background

The sinus lift (or sinus augmentation) is a common procedure to improve maxillary bone stock before dental implantation. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a potential complication of this procedure and may be refractory to medical treatment. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery has previously been used to address CRS, however, results of previous studies indicated that implant removal is required. There are limited follow-up data available.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to characterize the long-term outcomes and efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery for refractory CRS after sinus lift, including the ability to salvage dental implants.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series that described nine patients who, between June 2011 and September 2016, underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS after a sinus lift procedure. The presenting symptoms of the patients, medical management, imaging results, operative procedures, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results

The majority of patients developed symptoms (mucopurulent nasal drainage, facial pain and/or pressure, nasal congestion, and foul smell) within 3 months of implant placement and were treated with at least three courses of antibiotics before referral to an otolaryngologist. All the patients underwent wide endoscopic maxillary antrostomy, with no surgical complications or postoperative reports of infection. There was a statistically significant improvement in 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores (t(8) = -2.908; p = 0.02) and discharge, inflammation, and polyps/edema endoscopic scores ([z = -2.539; p = 0.011) between pre- and postsurgical treatment. Four patients had their dental implants removed before presentation. Among the five patients who presented with intact dental implants, none required removal before or after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Conclusion

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was a reasonable and efficacious treatment option for patients who presented with paranasal sinus disease after a sinus lift. Dental implant removal may not be a requirement for successful treatment of CRS associated with sinus lift procedures.
The Personal Financial Burden of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Yip Jonathan , Vescan Allan D. , Witterick Ian J. , Monteiro Eric
Published: July 2017

Background

Previous studies describe the financial burden of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) from the perspective of third-party payers, but, to our knowledge, none analyze the costs borne by patients (i.e., out-of-pocket expenses [OOPE]). Furthermore, this burden has not been previously investigated in the context of a publicly funded health care system.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to characterize the financial impact of CRS on patients, specifically by evaluating its associated OOPEs and the perceived financial burden. The secondary aim was to determine the factors predictive of OOPEs and perceived burden.

Methods

Patients with CRS at a tertiary care sinus center completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed their socioeconomic characteristics, disease-specific quality of life (22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT-22]), workdays missed due to CRS, perceived financial burden, and direct medical and nonmedical OOPEs over a 12-month period. Total OOPEs were calculated from the sum of direct medical and nonmedical OOPEs. Regression analyses determined factors predictive of OOPEs and the perceived burden.

Results

A total of 84 patients completed the questionnaires. After accounting for health insurance coverage and the median direct medical, direct nonmedical, and total OOPEs per patient over a 12-month period were Canadian dollars (CAD) $336.00 (2011) [U.S. $339.85], CAD $129.87 [U.S. $131.86], and CAD $607.10 [U.S. $614.06], respectively. CRS resulted in an average of 20.6 workdays missed over a 12-month period. Factors predictive of a higher financial burden included younger age, a greater number of previous sinus surgeries, <80% health insurance coverage, residing out of town, and higher SNOT-22 scores.

Conclusion

Total OOPEs incurred from the treatment of CRS may amount to CAD $607.10 [U.S. $614.06] per patient per year, within the context of a single-payer health care system. Managing clinicians should be aware of patient groups with a greater perceived financial burden and consider counseling them on strategies to offset expenses, including obtaining travel grants, using telemedicine for follow-up assessments, providing drug samples, and streamlining diagnostic testing with medical visits.
Development of Brucellosis Vaccine Based on Determinant Antigenic of Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) 36 kDa From Brucella abortus Local Isolate
Authors: Aulanni’am Aulanni’am , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Wuragil Dyah Kinasih , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: July 2017

Brucellosis is a disease that can be prevented through vaccination. Yet, the effectiveness of the vaccination to fight this
disease is considered weak. Fortunately, attempts to modify brucellosis vaccine is still keep going. Some brucellosis
vaccines have been found and developed in the past time such as the vaccine B.abortus strain 19-BA and 104M which was
made from weakened microbes which had been widely used in Uni Soviet and China. The other brucellosis vaccine that
were used in the past were the phenolinsoluble peptidoglycan vaccine which was made in France and polysaccharideprotein
vaccine which was used in Russia. This research attempted to see the determinant of antigenic Outer Membrane
Protein (OM) 36 kDa Brucella abortus local isolation which has immunogenic character to be developed as an advanced
brucellosis vaccine. The method used in this research was the Omp2 gene of Brucella abortus of local isolate employed
the PCR technique. The result of the PCR was then sequenced to analyze the determinant antigenic and the bounding
prediction of either the T cell or the B cell which were responsible for immune response. The result of this study showed
that the gen Omp2 which encoded the OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus of local isolation with primary JPF 5’ GCG CTC
AGG CTG CCG ACG CAA 3’ and JPR 5’ CAT TGC GGT CGG TAC CGG AG 3’ targeted the gene 162 bp, was
then translated into amino acids to be later undergo the in silico test using Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction
method. The epitope prediction resulted were MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI and TETCLRVHGYVRYD. The result of the
epitope prediction of MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI showed that there was a bond with MHC I in YGAGYFYI of the 8th amino
acid series to the 15th series, while the epitope prediction of TETCLRVHGYVRYD showed that there was a bond to the
ETCLRVHGY of the series of amino acids number 2 to 10. Bond with MHC II existed in the amino acid series of
MSRVCDAYGAGYFYI, while the bond with the B cells existed in BCSAYGA and CLRVHG amino acid series. This
research has been successful in predicting the epitope of the OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus of local isolate which had
immunogenic characteristic for its ability to bond with the MHC I, MHC II and B cells.
Assessment of Anticholinesterase Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Carbamate and Organophosphorus PesticidesExposed Agricultural Workers
Authors: Noshy Magda M , Saad-Hussein Amal , Shahy Eman M. , El-Shorbagy Haidan M. , Taha Mona M. , Abdel-Shafy Ebtesam A.
Published: July 2017

Among the numerous pesticides, anticholinesterase compounds are widely used. Their toxicity induced by cholinesterase
inhibition at the synapses and neuromuscular junctions, leading to neurological disorders. Inhibition of
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) has been used as sensitive biomarkers for pesticides
exposure. In the present study, AChE and BuChE levels were estimated in agricultural workers exposed to carbamate and
organophosphorus pesticides with average 9.8±3.5 years relative to the controls. The toxic effects of pesticides may be
attributed to induction of oxidative stress and alteration in antioxidant system. Our results showed significant decrease in
AChE and BuChE levels with inhibition percentage of 39% and 61% respectively, in exposed workers than controls.
Additionally, there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker. Concerning
antioxidant status, there was significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while there were significant
increases in activity of glutathione dependent enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transeferase
(GST). On the other hands, there were significant decreases in enzymatic antioxidants, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and
catalase. A negative correlation was found between BuChE activity and MDA levels. So, it was concluded that
evaluation of BuChE inhibition may be sensitive tool for assessing the risk of oxidative stress induced after occupational
pesticides exposure.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SINKHOLES AFFECTED AREA OF THULIBESHI PHAT, ARMALA, KASKI, NEPAL
Authors: Rijal Moti Lal
Published: July 2017

The area affected by sinkholes in Thulibeshi Phat of Armala VDC, Pokhara was studied in order to understand natural settings of the study area. A total of 117 sinkholes from depth range of 1 to 5 m and diameters from 1 to 15.2 m were observed at the time of our field visit. Out of these sinkholes, 52 sinkholes were filled sinkholes, 12 were water-bearing sinkholes and others were opened sinkholes. The area consists of sediments of fluvio-lacustrine and debris deposits and the sinkhole site has sediments mainly of silt, clay and fine sand size with chemical compositions of kaolin of major silica and minor constituents of calcium carbonate. The main mechanism of formation of sinkholes in Thulibeshi Phat was washed-away effect generated by piping mechanism of fine sediments by sub-surface flowing water, which was initiated by partial dissolution of carbonate containing sediments. Human impact on landscape, especially land use changes and stream channel modifications accelerated the process of piping mechanism for initiating and extending the sinkhole affected area in the present study site. This study will help to understand how geological conditions and human impacts interact to form sinkhole hazards in Nepal.  Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2017, 22 (1): 17-24
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF Cu-Pb LIQUID ALLOYS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE BY OPTIMIZATION METHOD
Authors: Shrestha Ganesh Kumar , Singh Bijay Kumar , Jha Indu Shekhar , Koirala Ishwar
Published: July 2017

A theoretical assessment on thermodynamic properties and concentration fluctuations of Cu-Pb liquid alloys at a specified temperature has been made by using the fitted values for size ratio ( ) and order energy parameter (W) of the alloys in Quasi-Lattice Theory where the combined effect of size ratio, entropic and enthalpic effect is considered. The order energy parameter (W) of the alloys is temperature dependent and its value at the required temperature has been determined by using the value of order energy parameter at the given temperature and temperature derivative of order energy parameter ( ). The values of W at different temperatures have been used to determine the free energy of mixing of the alloys at different temperatures which are then used for the optimization procedure in order to calculate the corresponding values of partial excess free energy of mixing and activity of the constituents involved in the alloy at different temperatures. These parameters have been used to predict the concentration fluctuations in long wavelength limit (Scc(0)) at different temperatures in the entire range of concentration. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, page: 25-33
DEALING WITH OUTLIERS AND INFLUENTIAL POINTS WHILE FITTING REGRESSION
Authors: Dhakal Chuda Prasad
Published: July 2017

Dealing with outliers and influential points while fitting regression is recognizing them, identifying the reasons to their existence in the process and employing the best alternatives to lessen their effect to the fitted regression model. In this paper, before considering elimination of outliers and the influential points while fitting a regression, as they contain important information, issues why unusual observations (possible outliers) appear in the process and how to analyze them to detect if they were real outliers, have been discussed thoroughly. And, when detected as outliers and influential points, to investigate and eliminate their effect in the fitted model, analytic procedures; leverage value, studentized residuals and cook's distance were carefully employed to optimize a multiple regression model for rice production forecasting in Nepal. This model was fitted with 35 years (1961-1995) time series data, collected from Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics Database, International Rice Research Institute and Department of Hydrology and Metrology which to its end was consisted of the three predictors, price at harvest, rural population and area harvested.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 61-65
GENERAL BEHAVIOR AND VEGETATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE HABITATS OF ASSAMESE MONKEY (Macaca assamensis McClelland, 1840) ALONG KALIGANDAKI RIVER BANK, WESTERN NEPAL
Authors: Paudel Pavan Kumar , Chalise Mukesh Kumar
Published: July 2017

This study was focused on Macaca assamensis general behavior and vegetation associated with their habitats in Kaligandaki River Basin at Baglung and Parbat Districts of Nepal. The field survey was conducted from December, 2015 to May, 2016 to explore the Assamese Macaque general behavior and vegetation associated with their habitats. Total area of 104.70 km2 was surveyed, vegetation analysis was done by random quadrates sampling method and behavioral data were collected by scan sampling method. A total of 47 individuals of Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis) were counted in four different troops. Total of 2240 scan samples were recorded from the four different troops during this study period the scan samples revealed that foraging was 47%, moving 28%, resting 14% and grooming 11%. In the context of daily activity pattern for aging time of Assamese monkey was found to be highest 54% in 15:00 to 18:00 observational phase and lowest 40% in the observational phase of 12.00 to 15.00 hours. Moving time of the Assamese monkey was found to be highest 33% in 12.00 to 15.00 observational phase and lowest 22% at 15:00 to 18:00 observational phase, resting time of Assamese monkey was found to be highest 15% in 09:00 to 12:00 hours and lowest 13% in 15:00 to 18:00 observational phase and Assamese monkey were seen mostly grooming 13% in 12.00 to 15.00 hours and lowest 10% in 15:00 to 18:00 observational phase. By quadrate sampling, 58 plant species with 716 number were recorded. Sal (Sorea robusta) was the dominant plant species with relative density 31.42% and relative frequency 8.376% which was followed by Tiju (Diospyros malabarica)with relative density 10.93% and relative frequency 8.376%.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, page: 110-119
Quarantine and Its Malcontents
Authors: Pellecchia Umberto
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This article examines how populations affected by the Ebola epidemic in Liberia reacted to the implementation of mandatory, state-imposed quarantine as a way of curtailing transmission. The ethnography, based on in-depth fieldwork in both urban and rural areas, shows how mandatory quarantine caused severe social consequences for both people’s perceptions of epidemic control and their health-seeking behaviours. The authoritarian imposition of this public-health measure soon became a driver of social fear that contributed to the divide between institutions and population, jeopardising the control of transmission. Its implementation overshadowed more acceptable local quarantine measures that communities were organising to protect themselves from transmission. The analysis argues that quarantine in Liberia was counterproductive and suggests alternatives to epidemic control rooted in social acceptance and local practices.
Datenerfassung und Datenaufbereitung
Authors: Porst Rolf
Published: July 2017

Konkret geht es darum, drei Fragen zu beantworten: Welche Programme zur Datenerfassung sind zu empfehlen unter dem Gesichtspunkt, dass sie an Schulen üblicherweise verfügbar bzw. leicht und vor allem kostengünstig anzuschaffen sind? – Wie geht man bei der Eingabe der Daten, also beim Übertrag der Antworten aus dem Fragebogen in die Eingabedatei, vor? – Wie funktioniert die Datenbereinigung, also das Erkennen und das Korrigieren von Fehlern im erstellten Datensatz?
Manuel Castells Netzwerkgesellschaft und die Macht der Identität
Authors: Schäfers Bernhard
Published: July 2017

1996f. überraschte Manuel Castells die wissenschaftliche und allgemeine Öffentlichkeit mit dem dreibändigen Werk The Information Age. Economy, Society and Culture: Teil 1: Der Aufstieg der Netzwerkgesellschaft. dt. zuerst 2001; Teil 2: Die Macht der Identität. dt. zuerst 2002; Teil 3: Jahrtausendwende. dt. zuerst 2002. Der Untertitel, Economy, Society and Culture, zeigt die Orientierung am Werk von Max Weber. Mit Bezug auf diesen spricht Castells vom „Geist des Informationalismus“, um die neue kulturelle und institutionelle Konfiguration zu unterstreichen.
Broadening of Light Coupling to Waveguide Modes in Solar Cells by Disordered Grating Textures
Authors: Bittkau Karsten , Hoffmann André , Paetzold Ulrich , Carius Reinhard
Published: July 2017

We investigated the light coupling to waveguide modes in nanophotonic thin-film solar cells exhibiting a tailored disordered grating texture by rigorous optical simulations. Such disordered nanophotonic light trapping concepts have demonstrated enhanced short-circuit current density compared to ordered nanophotonic thin-film solar cells. This observation is commonly explained by a spectral broadening of the resonant light coupling to waveguide modes. In this work, we investigated the origin of this spectral broadening. We identified two basic mechanisms that lead to a spectral broadening of the light coupling to waveguide modes: (1) the broadening of the wave vector transferred by the disordered interface texture and (2) the broadening of the waveguide mode due to the distortion of the wave guiding absorber layer. Depending on the type of disorder, the contribution from each of the mechanisms varies.
Data-Foraging-Oriented Reconnaissance Based on Bio-Inspired Indirect Communication for Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Castañeda Cisneros Josué , Pomares Hernandez Saul E. , Perez Cruz Jose Roberto , Rodríguez-Henríquez Lil María , Gonzalez Bernal Jesus A.
Published: July 2017

In recent years, aerial vehicles have allowed exploring scenarios with harsh conditions. These can conduct reconnaissance tasks in areas that change periodically and have a high spatial and temporal resolution. The objective of a reconnaissance task is to survey an area and retrieve strategic information. The aerial vehicles, however, have inherent constraints in terms of energy and transmission range due to their mobility. Despite these constraints, the Data Foraging problem requires the aerial vehicles to exchange information about profitable data sources. In Data Foraging, establishing a single path is not viable because of dynamic conditions of the environment. Thus, reconnaissance must be focused on periodically searching profitable environmental data sources, as some animals perform foraging. In this work, a data-foraging-oriented reconnaissance algorithm based on bio-inspired indirect communication for aerial vehicles is presented. The approach establishes several paths that overlap to identify valuable data sources. Inspired by the stigmergy principle, the aerial vehicles indirectly communicate through artificial pheromones. The aerial vehicles traverse the environment using a heuristic algorithm that uses the artificial pheromones as feedback. The solution is formally defined and mathematically evaluated. In addition, we show the viability of the algorithm by simulations which have been tested through various statistical hypothesis.
A Review on Nanocomposite Materials for Rechargeable Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Demirocak Dervis , Srinivasan Sesha , Stefanakos Elias
Published: July 2017

Li-ion batteries are the key enabling technology in portable electronics applications, and such batteries are also getting a foothold in mobile platforms and stationary energy storage technologies recently. To accelerate the penetration of Li-ion batteries in these markets, safety, cost, cycle life, energy density and rate capability of the Li-ion batteries should be improved. The Li-ion batteries in use today take advantage of the composite materials already. For instance, cathode, anode and separator are all composite materials. However, there is still plenty of room for advancing the Li-ion batteries by utilizing nanocomposite materials. By manipulating the Li-ion battery materials at the nanoscale, it is possible to achieve unprecedented improvement in the material properties. After presenting the current status and the operating principles of the Li-ion batteries briefly, this review discusses the recent developments in nanocomposite materials for cathode, anode, binder and separator components of the Li-ion batteries.
Three Dimensional Digital Sieving of Asphalt Mixture Based on X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Hu Chichun , Ma Jiexian , Kutay M.
Published: July 2017

In order to perform three-dimensional digital sieving based on X-ray computed tomography images, the definition of digital sieve size (DSS) was proposed, which was defined as the minimum length of the minimum bounding squares of all possible orthographic projections of an aggregate. The corresponding program was developed to reconstruct aggregate structure and to obtain DSS. Laboratory experiments consisting of epoxy-filled aggregate specimens were conducted to investigate the difference between mechanical sieve analysis and the digital sieving technique. It was suggested that concave surface of aggregate was the possible reason for the disparity between DSS and mechanical sieve size. A comparison between DSS and equivalent diameter was also performed. Moreover, the digital sieving technique was adopted to evaluate the gradation of stone mastic asphalt mixtures. The results showed that the closest proximity of the laboratory gradation curve was achieved by calibrated DSS, among gradation curves based on calibrated DSS, un-calibrated DSS and equivalent diameter.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Shallow Two-Story Underground RC Box Structure
Authors: Huh Jungwon , Tran Quang , Haldar Achintya , Park Innjoon , Ahn Jin-Hee
Published: July 2017

Tunnels, culverts, and subway stations are the main parts of an integrated infrastructure system. Most of them are constructed by the cut-and-cover method at shallow depths (mainly lower than 30 m) of soil deposits, where large-scale seismic ground deformation can occur with lower stiffness and strength of the soil. Therefore, the transverse racking deformation (one of the major seismic ground deformation) due to soil shear deformations should be included in the seismic design of underground structures using cost- and time-efficient methods that can achieve robustness of design and are easily understood by engineers. This paper aims to develop a simplified but comprehensive approach relating to vulnerability assessment in the form of fragility curves on a shallow two-story reinforced concrete underground box structure constructed in a highly-weathered soil. In addition, a comparison of the results of earthquakes per peak ground acceleration (PGA) is conducted to determine the effective and appropriate number for cost- and time-benefit analysis. The ground response acceleration method for buried structures (GRAMBS) is used to analyze the behavior of the structure subjected to transverse seismic loading under quasi-static conditions. Furthermore, the damage states that indicate the exceedance level of the structural strength capacity are described by the results of nonlinear static analyses (or so-called pushover analyses). The Latin hypercube sampling technique is employed to consider the uncertainties associated with the material properties and concrete cover owing to the variation in construction conditions. Finally, a large number of artificial ground shakings satisfying the design spectrum are generated in order to develop the seismic fragility curves based on the defined damage states. It is worth noting that the number of ground motions per PGA, which is equal to or larger than 20, is a reasonable value to perform a structural analysis that produces satisfactory fragility curves.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities of High-Valence Silver Propamidine Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Jinran , Purushothaman Baskaran , Li Zhao , Kulsi Goutam , Song Joon
Published: July 2017

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is becoming more serious concern as it affects 95% of diabetic patients worldwide. It has been shown that the Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-negative microorganisms are the main reasons behind this disease. Though many antibiotics are presently used to treat the DFU, due to increased bacterial resistance, new alternative therapies are always welcome. To address this alarming issue, we have designed and synthesized the high-valence silver propamidine (Ag(II)PRO) complex as well as nanoparticles and characterized both by usual spectroscopic methods. The reverse microemulsion technique has been applied to synthesize Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity has been compared with zero-valence silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with similar size. The antibacterial efficacies of Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles and AgNPs were tested against Gram-negative and Gram -positive organisms responsible for DFU. The newly synthesized high-valence Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial activity compared to silver-only nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study concludes that the high-valence Ag(II)PRO nanoparticles show better antibacterial activity than AgNPs and they may serve as the next generation therapeutic agent for the diabetic wound care.