bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault sealing and caprock integrity for CO2 storage: an in-situ injection experiment
Authors: Zappone Alba , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Grab Melchior , Wenning Quinn , Roques Clément , Madonna Claudio , Obermann Anne , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Soom Florian , Cook Paul , Guglielmi Yves , Nussbaum Christophe , Giardini Domenico , Wiemer Stefan
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The success of geological carbon storage depends on the assurance of a permanent confinement of the injected CO2 in the storage formation at depth. One of the critical elements of the safekeeping of CO2 is the sealing capacity of the caprock overlying the storage formation, despite faults and/or fractures, which may occur in it. In this work, we present an ongoing injection experiment performed in a fault hosted in clay at the Mont Terri underground rock laboratory (NW Switzerland). The experiment aims at improving our understanding on the main physical and chemical mechanisms controlling i) the migration of CO2 through a fault damage zone, ii) the interaction of the CO2 with the neighbouring intact rock, and iii) the impact of the injection on the transmissivity in the fault. To this end, we inject a CO2-saturated saline water in the top of a 3 m think fault in the Opalinus Clay, a clay formation that is a good analogue of common caprock for CO2 storage at depth. The mobility of the CO2 within the fault is studied at decameter scale, by using a comprehensive monitoring system. Our experiment aims to the closing of the knowledge gap between laboratory and reservoir scales. Therefore, an important aspect of the experiment is the decameter scale and the prolonged duration of observations over many months. We collect observations and data from a wide range of monitoring systems, such as a seismic network, pressure temperature and electrical conductivity sensors, fiber optics, extensometers, and an in situ mass spectrometer for dissolved gas monitoring. The observations are complemented by laboratory data on collected fluids and rock samples. Here we show the details of the experimental concept and installed instrumentation, as well as the first results of the preliminary characterization. Analysis of borehole logging allow identifying potential hydraulic transmissive structures within the fault zone. A preliminary analysis of the injection tests helped estimating the transmissivity of such structures within the fault zone, as well as the pressure required to mechanically open such features. The preliminary tests did not record any induced microseismic events. Active seismic tomography enabled a sharp imaging the fault zone.
Real time location systems: Is it big brother or a big opportunity for professional practice?
Authors: Limoges Jacqueline , Lankshear Sara , Church Joseph
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Real Time Location Systems (RTLS) is an emerging health care technology with the potential to capture data that can be used to improve professional practice and patient outcomes. However, there is a paucity of literature in this area to guide health professionals and leaders in both the implementation and use of RTLS data. To address this gap in the literature, this qualitative study was designed to explore how staff perceive and experience RTLS, and how health care providers anticipate using RTLS data for professional practice and clinical decision making.Results: Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 31 health care professionals who work in a community hospital in Canada. There was variation between the participants in terms of the experience of being monitored, the intensity of emotions related to RTLS and being monitored, the degree to which RTLS influenced clinical decision making and reflection, and the perceptions of usefulness of RTLS data for  professional practice. Three key themes emerged from the data: (1) the experience of being monitored, (2) anticipating using the data and (3) claiming the data for professional practice.Conclusions: Supports are vital to the successful adoption of RTLS and to enable health care professionals to claim and use RTLS data for professional practice and clinical decision making. During the implementation and use of RTLS data, it is crucial to recognize that RTLS data only represent the time spent in a location, and not the professional or knowledge-based practice of health professionals. Further research is required to understand the leadership strategies to guide the use of RTLS data.
What Independence Is
Authors: Burgess-Jackson Keith
Published: August 2020

Eighty years ago, in a short essay entitled “What Is Independence?,” Richard Robinson (1902-1996) made two errors that, to my knowledge, remain uncorrected. The errors are (1) claiming that entailment entails consistency (it does not) and (2) misstating the relation of subcontrariness. To make good on my claim that these are errors, I present and explain, in a more systematic way than Robinson does, nine distinct logical relations, one of which is independence. There are independent reasons for making these relations—as well as their relations to one another—better known to philosophers.
Reform of the civil law of the Kingdom of Belgium – the Act introducing Book III “Property Law” of the Civil Code
Authors: Bobiński Mariusz
Published: August 2020

The article outlines the Belgian legislation in the context of the reform of the civil law system undertaken
in 2018, in particular in connection with the announcement on 17 March 2020 of the
Act of 4 February 2020 introducing Book III “Property Law” of the Civil Code (C-2020/20374).
As an introduction, the article recalls the history of legislation binding on the territory of the
modern Belgian state since its founding, explains its relationships with the French civil law
system in the context of historical events of the 19th century and describes the most important
reasons for undertaking the recent reform of the civil law. The article presents the most
important solutions adopted in the new Belgian property law, in particular it focuses on the
presentation of the new structure of its provisions and on the analysis of principles included in
the introduction to the property law, constituting a novelty in the Belgian civil law in relation
to Napoleonic solutions, which were in force on the territories of this country for more than
210 years.
ALEKSANDER GIEYSZTOR, THE FIRST DIRECTOR
OF THE ROYAL CASTLE IN WARSAW
Authors: Mrozowski Przemysław
Published: August 2020

Aleksander Gieysztor (1916–1999) was
unquestionably one of the most outstanding representatives
of the Polish humanities in the 20th century. He considered
himself a historian, and his basic workplace was the
Historical Institute of the University of Warsaw, while his
research focused around mediaeval culture. He became
a museum professional slightly against his own will, in the
last decades of his career, when taking on the position of
the Director of the rebuilt Royal Castle in Warsaw. Despite
thinking of himself as a historian, Gieysztor was well
prepared to exert the function, since he had always been
extremely interested in artistic sources, as important and
clear as a historiographer’s narrative or a chronicler’s note.
Not only did numerous publications testify to his interest,
but he also formulated the programme of the Team for the
Research into the Beginnings of the Polish State, which he
headed in 1948–1955. Owing to its historical and symbolical
significance, the Warsaw Castle took an important position
in Gieysztor’s career. He was by Stanisław Lorentz’s side
from the very beginning, supporting him in his efforts to
have the Castle rebuilt, the project neglected by Poland’s
Communist authorities. Having become member of the
Civil Committee for Rebuilding the Royal Castle, Gieysztor
headed its Archaeological-Historical section. From 1973
he became member of the so-called Castle Curator Board:
a team which collegially managed the Castle. Esthetical
sensitivity and artistic erudition, as well as a thorough
knowledge of old-Polish culture provided Gieysztor with
an excellent background to fit with the group of scholars
decisive for the shape and educational programme of the
reconstructed Castle; later, individually, they allowed him
to find satisfaction in the role of the Director heading its
furbishing. Gieysztor acknowledged this project to have
been his greatest intellectual challenge in the last decades
of his academic career. However, he regarded it as his duty:
service to society longing for symbols to shape its historical
identity.
Rocking the Boat: Proposing a Participatory Business Model for News
Authors: Pettersen Lene , Krumsvik Arne H.
Published: August 2020

The digitization of newspapers has opened up new possibilities for user involvement, yet established practices in the media industry hinder news organisations from fully exploiting the many new opportunities that exist in the age of the Internet and social media. In this conceptual and interdisciplinary article, we explain how news actors’ strategic choices for innovation related to citizen collaboration and knowledge creation leads to distinct ideal types for participatory business models for news organisations, which we label the three C’s (citizen reporting, citizen journalism, and citizen media). We contribute to the business model innovation literature by pointing to which specific parts of a business model that news actors need to change in order to cut their production costs, as well as contributing to innovation theory by showing that the three C’s is a continuum of innovational steps. We develop further the donation strategy for user involvement by discussing citizen collaboration in different parts of the journalistic value chain. We conclude that news actors need to rock their boats in order to innovate their business models in line with today's media landscape.
Análise do acolhimento a partir das relações na Atenção Básica no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Feijó da Silva Tarciso , Maria Scherlowski Leal David Helena , Romano Valéria Ferreira
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o acolhimento a partir das relações entre os profissionais na Atenção Básica, destacando sua configuração e a posição dos diferentes atores de uma unidade de Atenção Básica em Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro.Métodos: Estudo de natureza descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e com participação de 37 profissionais, cuja análise foi desenvolvida pela lente da análise de redes sociais, que permitiu mapear as relações entre os atores a partir do acolhimento e representá-las graficamente. Resultados: A presença de todos os atores na rede pressupõe a existência de vínculos e alguma dinâmica de troca de recurso, conhecimento ou informação, além de movimentos disparados a partir do acolhimento na perspectiva da produção do cuidado. Por sua vez, a centralidade na rede de atores de nível superior, como médicos e enfermeiros e agentes comunitários de saúde ocupando a periferia, convergem para tradução de um cuidado com foco no modelo biomédico. Conclusões: Observou-se relevante papel do acolhimento ao ditar formas de organização e funcionamento, assim como por trazer relevo sobre a produção do cuidado existente no campo, que vai de encontro ao prescrito e institucionalizado nas políticas normativas e distancia-se do acolhimento-ação necessário e esperado para a Atenção Básica em Saúde.
A Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Controller Design for Trajectory Tracking Control of An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Basci Abdullah , Derdiyok Adnan , Can Kaan , Orman Kamil
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a fractional-order sliding mode controller (FOSMC) is designed and applied to a four rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (Quadrotor) to perform trajectory tracking for different time-varying references. Because quadrotor’s nonlinear system dynamics are effected by external disturbances and parameter variations easily, the FOSMC is used as a nonlinear controller and utilized its disturbance rejection characteristics to keep quadrotor on desired trajectory as well as overcome parameter variations. In order to indicate the priority of the FOSMC, an integer-order SMC (IOSMC) is also applied to quadrotor for the same references. The experimental results show that FOSMC is better than IOSMC in terms of error elimination and is good at dealing with parameter variations occurred while tracking the desired trajectory
Fuzzy Logic and Webster’s Optimal Cycle Based Decentralized Coordinated Adaptive Traffic Control Method
Authors: Ali Muzamil Eltejani Mohammed , Durdu Akif , Celtek Seyit Alperen , Gultekin Seyfettin Sinan
Published: August 2020

Traffic control systems for an urban traffic management play an important role in reducing congestion and the negative effects of social and economic aspects. In this paper, the coordinated control method for an arterial road network is proposed. The proposed method is based on fuzzy logic and Webster optimum cycle formula. It is a cyclic method, which means that all-feasible phases at the intersection are get at least a minimum green signal during each cycle. These minimum green times can be used for pedestrian crossing purposes. This method eliminates the starvation that occurs at minor roads due to the non-cyclic strategy. The proposed method is investigated in both coordinated and isolated circumstances. It is compared with non-optimized fixed time control and the cyclic backpressure strategy suggested in the literature. The cyclic backpressure strategy was selected due to its similarity with our proposed method. Based on the obtained results, the adaptive fuzzy logic and Webster based coordinated method outperforms the other methods in terms of the average of waiting time, travel time, travel speed, and queue lengths. In addition, the result achieved from a coordinated situation slightly superior that obtained from isolated situation, which means the proposed method provides good performance both in an isolated and coordinated situations.
Recht als Sprachspiel
Authors: Hubert Florian
Published: August 2020

At times, the everyday praxis of international law is challenged by competing interpretations and its denial. An example being the annexation of Crimea, where the international community as well as Russia or China each justified their actions as formally legitimate. To cope with these situations and analyse its implications for the Law, this work develops an understanding of rules using pragmatist theory and Wittgenstein, that focus the “meaning in use”. Thus, on the basis of an empirically driven and reconstructive research strategy, the author spells out implications for international law as well as an alternative conceptualisation of contestation. Thereby, he overcomes a static understanding of norms that tend to favour stability over continuous change.
Soberanía popular y concepción fiduciaria de los representantes públicos en Maximilien Robespierre
Authors: Scotto Pablo
Published: August 2020

En su discurso del 10 de mayo de 1793 sobre la Constitución, Robespierre combina una concepción fiduciaria de los representantes públicos con una defensa de las virtudes de la democracia, el único sistema político en el que los gobernantes, al ser parte del pueblo, tienen los mismos intereses que este. Es esta defensa de la soberanía popular, así como de la primacía del poder legislativo, lo que constituye la esencia de su “economía política popular”, una expresión que toma de Rousseau. Para Robespierre, solamente esta clase de economía es compatible con una República cuyo primer objetivo sea la garantía de los derechos naturales del hombre.

In his 10th May 1793 speech on the Constitution, Robespierre combines a fiduciary conception of public representatives with a defence of the virtues of democracy, the only political system in which the rulers, being part of the people, have the same interests as the latter. It is this defence of popular sovereignty, as well as of the primacy of the legislative power, what constitutes the essence of his “popular political economy”, an expression he takes from Rousseau. For Robespierre, only this kind of economy is compatible with a Republic whose first objective is to guarantee the natural rights of man.
The Association Between Foot Posture and Foot Kinematics during Slow Running
Authors: Ho Malia , Tan John
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:METHODS:RESULTS:CONCLUSIONS:
Imaging methods are vastly underreported in biomedical research
Authors: Marqués Guillermo , Pengo Thomas , Sanders Mark A
Published: August 2020

A variety of microscopy techniques are used by researchers in the life and biomedical sciences. As these techniques become more powerful and more complex, it is vital that scientific articles containing images obtained with advanced microscopes include full details about how each image was obtained. To explore the reporting of such details we examined 240 original research articles published in eight journals. We found that the quality of reporting was poor, with some articles containing no information about how images were obtained, and many articles lacking important basic details. Efforts by researchers, funding agencies, journals, equipment manufacturers and staff at shared imaging facilities are required to improve the reporting of experiments that rely on microscopy techniques.
Comparative Study of Ocimum gratissimum Mediated Nanoparticles and Conventional Antibiotics against Endophytic Leguminous Bacteria and Selected Clinical Isolates
Authors: Osuntokun Oludare Temitope , Bakare Olayemi Stephen , Bankole Owolabi Mutolib , Ayodele O. Ajayi
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research work is to compare the antimicrobial activities of conventional antibiotics and Ocimum gratissimum mediated nanoparticle against microorganisms isolated from endosphere of leguminous plants and selected clinical organisms. The microorganisms are becoming a resistant reservoir to conventional antibiotics, there is a great need, to research into plant mediated nanoparticles, to combat this great menace of resistant organisms, this therefore was the basic hypothesis of this research work. The Endophytic Leguminous plants used for this research work were Mucuna pruriens, Calopogonium mucunoides and Vigna unguiculata. The plants were randomly collected from Federal College of Agriculture, Akure (7.2704° N, 5.2241° E).Endophytic bacteria were isolated, identified and characterized from the endospheres of the leguminous plants using biochemical test, sugar fermentation and Bergey’s manual. The antimicrobial susceptibility test for endophytic isolates and clinical isolates were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique.The same procedure was repeated for the two sulfur nanoparticles The sulfur nanoparticles were synthesized using Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, citric acid (C_6 H_8 O_7,AR) with leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum, SNP1 and SNP2 (Solid reflectance spectrum); SNP1/SNP2 was synthesized in the presence/absence of O. gratissimum and characterized on shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer UV-3100 with a MPCF-3100 sample compartment. The probable number of organisms isolates from the leguminous plants ranges between 109-1022 cfu and all the endophytic isolates were found to be Gram positive rods. The probable organisms isolated from the leguminoius plants were Microbacterium lacticum, Cellulomonas flavigena and Bacillus spp including;B. pumilus, B. subtilis and B. amylolyticus. Bacillus subtilis. All endophytic bacteria were resistant to antimicrobial susceptibility test using Cephalosporins (oxoid) and multiple susceptibility disc with a diameter between 11mm and 20mm. Endophytic bacteria were susceptible to the SNP1 sulfur nano particles with a diameter between 9mm and 14mm diameter zones of inhibition. The clinical isolates were susceptible to multiple susceptibility disc with of diameter of 11mm and 20mm. Antimicrobial susceptible to SNP1 ranges between  18-20mm zones of inhibition  to SNP2.This study discovered that nanoparticles has better antimicrobial efficacy against both endophytic isolated bacteria and clinical isolates. The present of Ocimum gratissimum drastically increases the efficacy of sulpur mediated nanoparticles. it can be deduced that the Ocimum gratissimum mediated nanoparticle as a potential alternative to antibiotics in this widespread antibiotics resistance era.
Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Antibiotics amongst University Graduates in Bhutan: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Tshokey Tshokey , Adhikari Deepika , Jamtsho Thinley , Wangdi Kinley
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Concerns about antibiotic resistances is increasing. Antibiotic misuses mostly result from inadequate knowledge impacting attitudes and practices. The literature on this subject is limited in Bhutan.  It is of immense importance to understand the gap and target interventions. Therefore, we assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on antibiotics amongst Bhutanese university graduates in 2016.

Methods: The survey was conducted through a self-administered online questionnaire after seeking consent. The questionnaire was developed by the investigators using past literature.  

Results: Of the 2,229 invited graduates, only 220 (≈10%), 52.3% (115) males, completed the survey. Internet was the commonest source of information on antibiotics. Only 51% (113) showed good knowledge with a mean score of 15.5 (range 2-30). Penicillin, amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole were correctly identified as antibiotics by 63.6%, 78.7% and 21.4% but 11.4%, 35% and 31.8% misidentified atenolol, paracetamol and ibuprofen as antibiotics respectively. Side effects of antibiotics were poorly recognized. Fifty-four percent (119) showed good attitude score. About 39% (85), 35% (76) and 46% (101) misconceived that antibiotics would be required for common cold, all fevers and all small clean-cut wounds respectively. Almost 91% knew that antibiotic courses should be completed, 12% thought that antibiotics can be stopped when patients improve and 31.8% repeated antibiotics for similar illnesses. Although 76% knew that antibiotics shouldn’t be bought without a prescription, 28% were able to get them. About 44.1% revealed that the dispensing pharmacists did not explain adequately about antibiotics. Unfortunately, 43.6% suggested others to take antibiotics during illnesses and 60% used topical antibiotics.

Conclusion: KAP on antibiotics amongst Bhutanese graduates was unsatisfactory except few good specific practices. Health authorities should educate public on antibiotics and other medicines.
Induced Spawning of the Fat Snook, Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860 (Perciformes: Centropomidae), via the Application of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Authors: Lara Daniel Cortez , González Rodrigo Cuervo , Meza Eduardo Alfredo Zarza
Published: August 2020

The fat snook (Centropomus parallelus), a catadromous species highly valued for human consumption, is widely distributed along the Atlantic coast of the American continent, from the United States to Brazil. In Mexico, it is common in the waters off the coastal states of the Gulf of Mexico, particularly Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco and Campeche. As it is important to ensure maturation and reproduction during cultivation under controlled conditions, given that this is inhibited in captivity, the spawning of the Centropomus parallelus was induced in the present study using a dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Advanced gonad maturity was observed, while two females in a vitellogenic state reached final maturation with the application of a 50 μg/kg dose of the hormone and the male subjects failed to present spermiation under the application of the same dose.
Nutritional Composition and GC-MS Phytochemical Analysis of Thaumatococcus daniellii Leaves
Authors: Iwueke A. V. , Ejekwumadu N. J. , Chukwu E. C. , Nwodu J. A. , Akalonu C.
Published: August 2020

Aims: There is a high risk associated with using artificial materials like polyethylene or foil for wrapping foods before cooking. The present study investigated the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Thaumatococus daniellii leaf, a local food wrapper.

Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, between April and May 2018.

Methodology: The phytochemical compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while proximate and vitamin composition was determined using standard analytical methods. 

Results: The GC-MS phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of eight (8) bioactive compounds 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, d-Glycero-d-idoheptose, Cyclopentane,1-ethyl-1-methyl-, 6-Octyl-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, 2-Octenal, E- Octane,1-chloro-,2-Acetoxy-1,1,10-trimethyl-6,9-epidioxydecalin and Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol,2,6,6-trimethyl-,(1α,2β,3α,5α)- while vitamin assay results showed that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contained 3.1mg/100g of vitamin A, 1.07 mg/100 g  vitamin B1, 1.32 mg/100 g  vitamin B3, 1.11 mg/100 g of vitamin B5, 16.34 mg/100 g of vitamin B6, 11.86 mg/100 g of vitamin B12 and 25.19 mg/100 g of vitamin C. Result of proximate analysis indicates that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contains 10.15% ash, 9.67% moisture, 20.41% protein, 11.42% lipids, 13.78% fibre and 34.57% carbohydrate.

Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves contain bioactive compounds, an appreciable number of vitamins and high nutritional constituents. Hence Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves can be incorporated into animal feed, taking into cognizance the high protein, fat and vitamin contents. These suggest that it may play critical medicinal and nutritional roles and probably be a safer alternative to polyethylene paper and aluminum foil wraps; hence justifying its local usage as food wrapper. The leaves may also serve as a lead for the production of a healthier material for wrapping local foods.
Year Round Feed and Fodder Availability in Smallholder Dairy Farms across High and Low Altitude Areas in Eastern Africa
Authors: P M Ongadi, , B A Lukuyu, , E A Mpolya, , Wang Min , M G G Chagunda, , D Malkamu, , A Aberra, , E Woldemeskel,
Published: August 2020

Feed-year strategies involve matching the cycles of dairy production with the changing availabilities of all sources of nutrients over time. Therefore, an understanding of seasonal variation in availability of forage resources is important in future planning and development of appropriate technologies to assure resilience of smallholder dairy systems to seasonal changes. This study was carried out to: 1) evaluate the current pattern of seasonal variation in forage availability in smallholder dairy farms, and 2) assess seasonal variation in year-round forage based feeding strategies in smallholder dairy farms in Eastern Africa. Data was collected from a purposive representative sample of 400 smallholder dairy farmers through cross-sectional and observational studies. The Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST) was used to capture the season’s effect (wet and dry) across high and low altitude areas in Kenya and Tanzania from 2016-2018. Data were analyzed using the generalized linear model (GLMM) procedure of SPSS 21.0 (Chicago, IL, USA), using models that included the fixed effects and random effects; and FEAST Version 2.21. Results showed that location (country), agro-ecological zone and season had a significant influence (p ≤ 0.05) on year-round rainfall variability. Availability and utilization of concentrate feeds, green and dry crop residues, improved fodder, pasture and legume forage throughout the year, were significantly influenced (p ≤ 0.05) by location, agro-ecological zone, seasons and production systems. Correlation between the forage resources revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) and positive relationships in availability and usage across the two countries. From this study, rainfall variability was crucial in determining sources and year-round variation in availability and utilization of forages. Therefore, different seasonality driven site, region or country specific year-round feeding interventions and strategies could be applied depending upon type, source, quantity (availability) and quality of feeds to overcome seasonal milk fluctuations in smallholder dairy farms in Eastern Africa.
Knowledge about Physical Hazards and Use of Personal Protective Equipment Based on Demographic Characteristics and among Small Scale Welders in Nairobi City, Kenya
Authors: Odhiambo Onguto Nicholas , Peterson Warutere , Isaac Mwanzo
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The sprawling of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the developing world provides several challenges to ensuring health and safety practices among workers in the urban poor.

Purpose: The main objective of the study will be to determine the knowledge of physical hazards and the use of PPEs based demographic characteristics among welders in Embakasi constituency, Nairobi County.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among 214 welders from 72 workshops in the Embakasi region, namely in Kariobangi South Light Industries, Kayole, and Umoja. Data collection procedure entailed observation, focus group discussions, and interviews with welders in Embakasi, Nairobi. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22 and both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were conducted to explain the association between the study variables.

Results: The study indicated that 90.2% of welders knew the activities at the workplace that pose health hazards. Welders’ knowledge of physical hazards at their workplace was significantly associated with experience (Fishers Exact Test =45.025, p = .05), number of hours worked per day (Fishers Exact Test = 9.322, p = .05), and PPE use (c2 = 3.884, df = 1, p = .05).

Conclusion: Factors such as age, earning a level, hours per day worked, level of education, type of training, and knowledge of physical hazards or PPE use are significantly associated with self-reported injuries among welders.
O ESTADO LAICO NA ATUALIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA LAICIDADE NOS ORDENAMENTOS JURÍDICOS BRASILEIRO E ESPANHOL
Authors: De Assis Calsing Renata
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo consiste em uma análise comparativa da laicidade nos ordenamentos jurídicos brasileiro e espanhol. Primeiramente, busca-se uma construção do conceito de laicidade. Em seguida, realiza-se uma abordagem do processo histórico brasileiro e espanhol, verificando-se o desenvolvimento da laicidade nestes Estados, bem como esta se apresenta em seus sistemas jurídicos. Por fim, procura-se realizar uma análise comparativa da laicidade nos ordenamentos jurídicos do Brasil e da Espanha, buscando-se verificar os pontos de convergência e de divergência encontrados no Estado laico dos referidos países.

 
Reliable H∞ control for 2‐D discrete switched systems with state delays and actuator failures
Authors: Badie Khalid , Alfidi Mohammed , Chalh Zakaria
Published: August 2020

This article is concerned with the reliable H∞ control problem against actuator failures for discrete two‐dimensional (2‐D) switched systems with state delays and actuator faults described by the second Fornasini‐Marchesini (FM) state‐space model. By resorting to the average dwell time (ADT) approach, also by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and using the Wirtinger inequality, some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability analysis and weighted H∞ performance of the given system are derived. Then, based on the obtained conditions, a reliable H∞ controller design approach is presented such that the resulting closed‐loop system is exponentially stable with a weighted H∞ performance , not only when all actuators are in normal conditions, but also in the case of some actuator failures. Finally, two numerical examples are examined to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Nonlinear Ion Transport through Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet
Authors: Zhang Qi , Cao Pei‐Sheng , Cheng Yue , Yang Shi‐Shu , Yin Yun‐Dong , Lv Tian‐Yi , Gu Zhi‐Yuan
Published: August 2020

The rational design of artificial solid‐state nanopores is of great importance in the discovery of intriguing ion transport phenomena. 2D metal–organicframework (2D MOF) nanosheets with single crystallinity, aligned nanochannels, ultrathin thickness, and diverse functionalities are highly potential solid‐state nanopores. An electrophoretic method is developed to successfully fabricate MOF nanopores supported by SiNx substrate, which is confirmed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. A giant gap around 4 V together with ionic current rectification is discovered in nonlinear voltage‐activated current‐voltage curves, revealing the synergy of the hydrophobic effect and charge effect in MOF nanopores. The charge effect embodies the different contribution current which results from the enrichment and depletion of ions in MOF nanopores by COMSOL simulation. Moreover, 2D MOF nanosheets with different surface charges, hydrophobicity, and pore sizes demonstrate the universality of nanopore fabrication and further confirm the synergistic mechanism. The nonlinear ion transport in the ultrathin MOF nanosheets will provide an opportunity to explore further applications in solid‐state nanopores.
Bioinspired, Mechanically Robust Chemiresistor for Inline Volatile Organic Compounds Sensing
Authors: Xu Weiheng , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Jambhulkar Sayli , Franklin Rahul , Zhu Yuxiang , Song Kenan
Published: August 2020

There are advantages to polymer/nanoparticle composite‐based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors, such as high chemical and physical stability, operability under extreme conditions, flexible use in manufacturing, and low cost. Nevertheless, their lower limit of detection due to thickness‐dependent diffusion has constrained their application. Inspired by the metaxylem in vascular plants and its vertical conduits and horizontal pits that enable efficient transpiration, a polymer/nanoparticle composite‐based sensor is fabricated with a controllable, spontaneously formed, hollow core for inline VOCs transportation, and porous microstructure for radial direction diffusion. The hollow core is surrounded by an inner porous layer (thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)), a middle sensing layer (TPU/graphene nanoplatelets/multiwalled carbon nanotubes), and an outer mechanically durable layer (TPU). This multilayered structure shows a 600% higher response rate compared to a single‐layered composite fiber sensor, with a low limit of detection (e.g., ≈15 ppm for xylene) and high selectivity based on the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter. This flexible and stretchable sensor also demonstrates a dual parameter sensing capability from VOC concentrations and uniaxial strain deformation. Via a one‐step fiber spinning procedure, this self‐induced hollow fiber offers a unique method of microstructural design, which enables the detection of low‐concentration VOCs by polymer/nanoparticle‐based sensors.
Quantitative Delineation of the Low Energy Decomposition Pathway for Lithium Peroxide in Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Dutta Arghya , Ito Kimihiko , Nomura Akihiro , Kubo Yoshimi
Published: August 2020

Identification of a low‐potential decomposition pathway for lithium peroxide (Li2O2) in nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery is urgently needed to ameliorate its poor energy efficiency. In this study, experimental data and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the recharge overpotential (ηRC) of Li–O2 battery is fundamentally dependent on the Li2O2 crystallization pathway which is intrinsically related to the microscopic structural properties of the growing crystals during discharge. The Li2O2 grown by concurrent surface reduction and chemical disproportionation seems to form two discrete phases that have been deconvoluted and the amount of Li2O2 deposited by these two routes is quantitatively estimated. Systematic analyses have demonstrated that, regardless of the bulk morphology, solution‐grown Li2O2 shows higher ηRC (>1 V) which can be attributed to higher structural order in the crystal compared to the surface‐grown Li2O2. Presumably due to a cohesive interaction between the electrode surface and growing crystals, the surface‐grown Li2O2 seems to possess microscopic structural disorder that facilitates a delithiation induced partial solution‐phase oxidation at lower ηRC (<0.5 V). This difference in ηRC for differently grown Li2O2 provides crucial insights into necessary control over Li2O2 crystallization pathways to improve the energy efficiency of a Li–O2 battery.
Controllable construction of Ce‐Mn‐Ox with tunable oxygen vacancies and active species for toluene catalytic combustion
Authors: Huang Zhenzhen , Zhao Jinggang , Song Zhongxian , Liu Wei , Zhang Xuejun , Mao Yanli , Zhao Heng , Zhao Min , Liu Shuixia , Wang Zhaodong
Published: August 2020

A series of Ce‐Mn‐Ox catalysts synthesized under different hydrothermal conditions were evaluated by catalytic removal of toluene. The results of characterization showed that the contents of oxygen vacancies and active species in catalysts were crucial for the catalytic oxidation process. The concentration of Ce3+, Mn3+, and adsorbed oxygen associated with structural defects in Ce‐Mn‐Ox catalysts could be controlled by hydrothermal conditions, which were considered to promote redox capacity and improve catalytic oxidation performance. In addition, suitable synthetic conditions could increase the SBET and Vp of catalysts. Among the prepared catalysts, CM‐100 showed the best catalytic performance due to the generation of more defective oxygen and active species (Ce3+, Mn3+, and surface‐adsorbed oxygen). In addition, the CM‐100 catalyst showed satisfactory water resistance and stability.
Interphase characterization and modeling of tensile modulus in epoxy/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Zamanian Milad , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Mortezaei Mehrzad
Published: August 2020

The incorporation of second dispersed particulate phases in a polymer matrix enhances its mechanical properties. Because of the high surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles, the molecular structure of the matrix is altered at the nanoparticle/matrix interface and the volume of this perturbed region could be significant. These improved properties are produced by the interfacial interaction of the nanometric domains. In this research, epoxy matrix modified with three different sizes of nanosilica (12, 20, and 40 nm) and the effect of the interphase characteristics on the tensile properties of nanocomposites was investigated. At first, the theoretical values of the elastic modulus using a two‐phase mathematical model compared with the experimental data obtained from the nanocomposite samples and values between 8 and 10 nm were estimated for the interphase thickness. Afterward, considering the three‐phase model, it takes into account that three different regions for interphase volume fraction, including single particles, polymer trapping, and agglomerated nanoparticles, and an equation for evaluation of interphase volume fraction are defined. Also, the interphase tensile modulus was considered continuously changing from the properties of nanoparticle to the polymer matrix properties. Finally, the overall tensile modulus of nanocomposites, which considers different key parameters including nanoparticle size, values for the interphase thickness (h), and interphase tensile modulus (Ei), were calculated. The results were compared with the experimental ones of other studies and a good agreement was found. The smallest value of h as 6 nm for samples containing 12‐nm diameter nanosilica and highest value of h as 8 nm for samples containing 40‐nm diameter nanosilica is reported.
Brücken aus vorgespanntem Carbonbeton
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Apitz Andreas , Jesse Frank
Published: August 2020

Für Spannbetonbrücken können Spannglieder aus carbonfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) verwendet werden. Solche Zugglieder zeichnen sich durch hohe Festigkeit aus, sie rosten und ermüden nicht und sie haben ein sehr geringes Gewicht. Ihre Anwendung kann zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit und Eleganz im Brückenbau führen, weil so schlankere Querschnitte möglich werden und gleichzeitig die Dauerhaftigkeit erhöht werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden zuerst der Stand der Carbonbetonforschung an der TU Berlin und der Stand der Technik bei Brücken mit Carbonelementen vorgestellt. Hauptsächlich geht es im Anschluss um Fragen der Versagensankündigung und der Querschnittsbemessung von Bauteilen mit Carbonvorspannung. Zuletzt wird der Entwurf einer integralen Rahmenbrücke aus Betonfertigteilen mit Carbonvorspannung vorgestellt.
Study cases methodology in process dynamic and industrial plants control subject
Authors: Borreguero Ana M. , García‐Vargas Jesus M. , Sánchez‐Silva Luz , de la Osa Ana R.
Published: August 2020

Dynamic simulation has been incorporated into Chemical Engineering Master at the University of Castilla‐La Mancha as a teaching tool together with working cases. Concretely, this study presents the activities, evaluating criteria and a set of case of studies performed by master students in the process dynamic and industrial plants control course. It is described in detail, the Aspen HYSYS® simulations carried out to study the influence of main tuning parameters of proportional, integral, and derivative controllers (gain, integral time, and derivative time) and other relevant parameters such dead‐time, amplitude, or period of sine wave disturbances. The dynamic simulation helps the students to understand the previously mentioned concepts, analyzing their effect in the realistic behavior and control of simple processes. Finally, anonymous online surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed training activities and methodology. Students felt that Aspen HYSYS enhances the control theory understanding from a chemical engineering perceptive, eliminating the tediousness and time‐consuming aspect of process calculation. Thus, this learning methodology promotes a successful achievement of learning outcomes.
PI16 attenuates response to sorafenib and represents a predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Pusen , Jiang Zhongyi , Liu Xueni , Yu Kanru , Wang Chunguang , Li Hao , Zhong Lin
Published: August 2020

Sorafenib has become the only FDA‐approved first‐line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for more than 10 years, but there is still no validated predictive or prognostic marker. Peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) is a functionally unknown gene in cancer research. This study aimed to determine the exact function of PI16 in HCC and whether it can represent as a biomarker for sorafenib response. We found that PI16 was over expressed in HCC tissues vs paired normal tissues. PI16 knockdown sensitize HCC cells to sorafenib treatment both in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic PI16 expression produced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, PI16 could suppress p38 MAPK/caspase‐dependent apoptosis in this process, and p38 MAPK inhibitor reversed the sorafenib sensitive phenotype caused by PI16 inhibition. Clinically, immunohistochemistry was used to detect PI16 levels in resected patients with HCC prior to sorafenib treatment. We showed that high PI16 levels represented an independent risk factor for disease progression in patients treated with sorafenib. Patients with low PI16 showed significantly better progression free survival and overall survival after sorafenib therapy. In conclusion, PI16 attenuates response to sorafenib treatment in HCC, and may be a helpful prognostic biomarker of sorafenib treatment.
Exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic in lung cancer
Authors: Wu Jing , Shen Zuojun
Published: August 2020

More and more studies report that exosomes released by various cells can serve as a medium for information exchange between different cells. Through a deep understanding of the physical and chemical properties of exosomes, the researchers revealed a more precise molecular mechanism of its participation in the process of intercellular communication. In particular, microRNA (miRNA) is found inside exosomes, as well as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Extensive evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs participates in the occurrence and development of lung cancer and plays a variety of roles. Therefore, the release of RNA‐containing exosomes in many different kinds of body fluids has caused widespread interest among researchers. In this review, we report evidence from human studies involving miRNAs and other ncRNAs in exosomes associated with lung cancer as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Currently, there is a small amount of evidence that exosomal miRNAs can be used as early diagnosis and prognostic markers for lung cancer, and their exact role in lung cancer patients still needs further study.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of AdSS Bisubstrate Inhibitors
Authors: Tibrewal Nidhi , Elliott Gregory I.
Published: August 2020

Many cancers lack the expression of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). These cancers require adenylosuccinate synthetase (AdSS) for nucleic acid synthesis. By inhibiting adenylosuccinate synthetase, we potentially have a new therapeutic agent. Bisubstrate inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated against purified AdSS. The best activity was obtained with adenosine bearing a four‐carbon linker that connects the N‐formyl‐N‐hydroxy moiety to the 6‐position of the purine nucleoside.
Control of Guest Inclusion and Chiral Recognition Ability of 6‐O‐Modified β‐Cyclodextrins in Organic Solvents by Aromatic Substituents at the 2‐O Position
Authors: Kalaw Justine M. , Yamamoto Ryusuke , Kogame‐Asahara Chizuru , Shigemitsu Hajime , Kida Toshiyuki
Published: August 2020

The host‐guest chemistry and applications of cyclodextrins in aqueous media is well established. However, a comprehensive study in organic solvents is lacking. Here, we report the design and synthesis of 6‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilylated β‐cyclodextrin (TBDMS‐β‐CD) bearing various aromatic substitutions at the 2‐O position and their inclusion complex formation with aromatic guests in nonpolar organic solvents. Compared to the parent TBDMS‐β‐CD, these derivatives exhibit at least a 10‐fold increase in inclusion ability toward pyrene through cooperative guest binding with the CD cavity and the aromatic substituents at the 2‐O position. The type of the aromatic substituent largely affects the chiral recognition ability of TBDMS‐β‐CD toward 1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine in cyclohexane. A TBDMS‐β‐CD derivative with a p‐tolyl substituent has a remarkable chiral selectivity for the (S)‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine over the corresponding (R)‐isomer (KS/KR=4.1±0.5), whereas a TBDMS‐β‐CD derivative with a 2‐picolyl substituent shows the inverse chiral selectivity (KR/KS=8.7±0.6).