bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy outlook for the Arctic: 2020 and beyond
Authors: Ermida Graça
Published: August 2015

At least four littoral countries have Arctic strategies that address energy issues. However, US, Canada, Russia and Norway strategies up to 2020 and beyond, reveal different interests in exploring Arctic resources. While Arctic oil and gas are of strategic importance to Russia and to Norway, Canada and the US seem content with continuing their current extraction predominantly south of the Arctic Circle. Despite the different approaches, the outcomes seem strangely similar. Indeed, despite the hype concerning the Arctic in the last decade, and for very diverse reasons, it is unlikely that any of these four countries will increase hydrocarbon production in the Arctic during the period under analysis. This was true even before the recent drop in oil prices. For all its potential, it is unclear what lies ahead for the region.
The role of conduct disorder in the relationship between alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use disorders
Authors: Grant J. D. , Lynskey M. T. , Madden P. A. F. , Nelson E. C. , Few L. R. , Bucholz K. K. , Statham D. J. , Martin N. G. , Heath A. C. , Agrawal A.
Published: August 2015

Background.

Genetic influences contribute significantly to co-morbidity between conduct disorder and substance use disorders. Estimating the extent of overlap can assist in the development of phenotypes for genomic analyses.

Method.

Multivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using data from 9577 individuals, including 3982 complete twin pairs and 1613 individuals whose co-twin was not interviewed (aged 24–37 years) from two Australian twin samples. Analyses examined the genetic correlation between alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence and cannabis abuse/dependence and the extent to which the correlations were attributable to genetic influences shared with conduct disorder.

Results.

Additive genetic (a2 = 0.48–0.65) and non-shared environmental factors explained variance in substance use disorders. Familial effects on conduct disorder were due to additive genetic (a2 = 0.39) and shared environmental (c2 = 0.15) factors. All substance use disorders were influenced by shared genetic factors (rg = 0.38–0.56), with all genetic overlap between substances attributable to genetic influences shared with conduct disorder. Genes influencing individual substance use disorders were also significant, explaining 40–73% of the genetic variance per substance.

Conclusions.

Among substance users in this sample, the well-documented clinical co-morbidity between conduct disorder and substance use disorders is primarily attributable to shared genetic liability. Interventions targeted at generally reducing deviant behaviors may address the risk posed by this shared genetic liability. However, there is also evidence for genetic and environmental influences specific to each substance. The identification of these substance-specific risk factors (as well as potential protective factors) is critical to the future development of targeted treatment protocols.
INCIDENTAL L2 VOCABULARY ACQUISITIONFROMANDWHILEREADING
Authors: Pellicer-Sánchez Ana
Published: August 2015

Previous studies have shown that reading is an important source of incidental second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition. However, we still do not have a clear picture of what happens when readers encounter unknown words. Combining offline (vocabulary tests) and online (eye-tracking) measures, the incidental acquisition of vocabulary knowledge from reading and the online reading of unknown lexical items were examined. L2 English learners read a story containing unknown items while their eye movements were recorded. After eight exposures, L2 readers recognized the form and the meaning of 86% and 75% of the target nonwords, respectively, whereas they recalled the meaning of 55% of the nonwords. After three to four encounters, nonwords were read significantly faster, and by eight encounters they were read in a similar manner to previously known real words. Results also showed a positive relationship between new vocabulary learning outcomes and online reading, with longer reading times associated with higher vocabulary recall test scores. The study was also conducted with first language (L1) readers to provide baseline data for comparison. Results confirmed the L2 findings while also indicating an interesting L1-L2 distinction in the rate rather than in the ultimate outcome of the acquisition process.
LEXICAL PROFILES OF COMPREHENSIBLE SECOND LANGUAGE SPEECH
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Webb Stuart , Trofimovich Pavel , Isaacs Talia
Published: August 2015

This study examined contributions of lexical factors to native-speaking raters’ assessments of comprehensibility (ease of understanding) of second language (L2) speech. Extemporaneous oral narratives elicited from 40 French speakers of L2 English were transcribed and evaluated for comprehensibility by 10 raters. Subsequently, the samples were analyzed for 12 lexical variables targeting diverse domains of lexical usage (appropriateness, fluency, variation, sophistication, abstractness, and sense relations). For beginner-to-intermediate speakers, comprehensibility was related to basic uses of L2 vocabulary (fluent and accurate use of concrete words). For intermediate-to-advanced speakers, comprehensibility was linked to sophisticated uses of L2 lexis (morphologically accurate use of complex, less familiar, polysemous words). These findings, which highlight complex associations between lexical variables and L2 comprehensibility, suggest that improving comprehensibility requires attention to multiple lexical domains of L2 performance.
NATIVE AND NONNATIVE INTERPRETATION OF PRONOMINAL FORMS
Authors: Schimke Sarah , Colonna Saveria
Published: August 2015

This study investigates the influence of grammatical role and discourse-level cues on the interpretation of different pronominal forms in native speakers of French, native speakers of Turkish, and Turkish learners of French. In written questionnaires, we found that native speakers of French were influenced by discourse-level cues when interpreting ambiguous overt subject pronouns in French, whereas native speakers of Turkish were mainly influenced by a syntactic cue—subjecthood—when interpreting null subjects (pro) in Turkish translation equivalents. When interpreting implicit subjects of nonfinite dependent clauses (PRO), native speakers of both French and Turkish were influenced by subjecthood. Finally, Turkish learners of French were influenced by discourse-level cues in the interpretation of overt pronouns as well as PRO and showed no subject preference in either case. These results are in line with approaches to second language (L2) acquisition that stress the role of discourse-level principles in the processing and use of a L2 (Clahsen & Felser, 2006; Klein & Perdue, 1997).
A Stability Result for the Union-Closed Size Problem
Authors: ECCLES TOM
Published: August 2015

A family of sets is called union-closed if wheneverAandBare sets of the family, so isA∪B. The long-standing union-closed conjecture states that if a family of subsets of [n] is union-closed, some element appears in at least half the sets of the family. A natural weakening is that the union-closed conjecture holds for large families, that is, families consisting of at leastp02nsets for some constantp0. The first result in this direction appears in a recent paper of Balla, Bollobás and Eccles [1], who showed that union-closed families of at least$\tfrac{2}{3}$2nsets satisfy the conjecture; they proved this by determining the minimum possible average size of a set in a union-closed family of given size. However, the methods used in that paper cannot prove a better constant than$\tfrac{2}{3}$. Here, we provide a stability result for the main theorem of [1], and as a consequence we prove the union-closed conjecture for families of at least ($\tfrac{2}{3}$−c)2nsets, for a positive constantc.
Aid, ethics, and the Samaritan's dilemma: strategic courage in constitutional entrepreneurship
Authors: SKARBEK EMILY C.
Published: August 2015

Private constitutional rules can mitigate the Samaritan's Dilemma, a widespread cause of failure of aid and humanitarian efforts. To understand how private organizations can adopt rules that help overcome this dilemma, I provide evidence on an association formed to govern poor relief in urban Chicago from the 1850s to 1880s. I show how a particular set of shared ethical values led to the adoption of constitutional rules governing the organization. I then show that these rules were specific in their ability to mitigate the Samaritan's Dilemma problem inherent to administering aid. The argument advances the understanding of private institutional structures by demonstrating how rules can be designed in the private spheres to solve specific social dilemmas that plague state-led efforts to achieve similar goals.
Sexual violence, health and humanitarian ethics: Towards a holistic, person-centred approach
Authors: Bouvier Paul
Published: August 2015

Sexual violence and rape in armed conflicts are widespread phenomena, with devastating consequences. Over the last thirty years, our understanding of these phenomena has significantly improved. Today humanitarian and health professionals understand better the reality, scale and impact of sexual violence on the personal, physical, social and mental health of individuals and communities. Rape is recognized to have a dehumanizing effect, as much as torture or mass violence. Major efforts are put into providing an effective and ethical response, with respect and sympathy to the survivors. Health and humanitarian assistance contribute to the healing and resilience of survivors and communities. Looking forward, programmes must be centred on the person, promoting their autonomy and dignity, and integrating medical, psychosocial and socio-economical responses.
When are sex-specific effects really sex-specific?
Authors: Chin E. H. , Christians J. K.
Published: August 2015

We examined developmental programming studies that reported sex-specific effects published between 2012 and 2014, and examined whether the authors reported a statistical approach to explicitly test whether the effect of treatment differed between the sexes, for example, a sex by treatment interaction term. Less than half of the studies that reported sex-specific effects described explicitly testing whether effects were indeed sex-specific; in most cases, an effect was considered ‘sex-specific’ if it was significant in one sex but not the other. This is not a robust approach, since significance in one sex and lack of significance in the other sex does not imply a significant difference between the sexes. However, sample size often limits statistical power to detect interactions. We suggest that if the effect is significant in only one sex, but the interaction term is not significant, alternative solutions would be to present the confidence intervals for the effect size for each sex, or using Bayesian approaches to calculate the probability that the effect sizes differ between the sexes. We present a simple example of a Bayesian analysis to illustrate that this approach is reasonably easy to implement and interpret.
New Models Explain Unexpected Magnitude of China's Wenchuan Quake
Authors: Shultz David
Published: August 2015

The 2008 earthquake surprised scientists, but the inclusion of new variables reveals that Earth's crust under the Sichuan Province was under more strain than previously thought.
Galectin‐8 promotes regulatory T‐cell differentiation by modulating IL‐2 and TGFβ signaling
Authors: Sampson James F , Suryawanshi Amol , Chen Wei‐Sheng , Rabinovich Gabriel A , Panjwani Noorjahan
Published: August 2015

Galectins (Gals) have emerged as potent immunoregulatory molecules that control chronic inflammation through distinct mechanisms. Gal‐8, a tandem‐repeat type Gal with unique preference for α2,3‐sialylated glycans, is ubiquitously expressed, but little is known about its role in T‐cell differentiation. Here we report that Gal‐8 promotes the polyclonal differentiation of primary mouse regulatory T (Treg) cells in vitro. We further show that Gal‐8 also facilitates antigen‐specific differentiation of Treg cells, and that Treg cells polarized in the presence of Gal‐8 express cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 and interleukin (IL)‐10 at a higher frequency than control Treg cells, and efficiently inhibit proliferation of activated T‐cells in vitro. Investigation of the mechanism by which Gal‐8 promotes Treg conversion revealed that Gal‐8 activates transforming growth factor‐β signaling and promotes sustained IL‐2R signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that Gal‐8 promotes the differentiation of highly suppressive Treg cells, which has implications for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Genome-wide association of polycystic ovary syndrome implicates alterations in gonadotropin secretion in European ancestry populations
Authors: Hayes M. Geoffrey , Urbanek Margrit , Ehrmann David A. , Armstrong Loren L. , Lee Ji Young , Sisk Ryan , Karaderi Tugce , Barber Thomas M. , McCarthy Mark I. , Franks Stephen , Lindgren Cecilia M. , Welt Corrine K. , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Panidis Dimitrios , Goodarzi Mark O. , Azziz Ricardo , Zhang Yi , James Roland G. , Olivier Michael , Kissebah Ahmed H. ,   Reproductive Medicine Network, Alvero Ruben , Barnhart Huiman X. , Baker Valerie , Barnhart Kurt T. , Bates G. Wright , Brzyski Robert G. , Carr Bruce R. , Carson Sandra A. , Casson Peter , Cataldo Nicholas A. , Christman Gregory , Coutifaris Christos , Diamond Michael P. , Eisenberg Esther , Gosman Gabriella G. , Giudice Linda C. , Haisenleder Daniel J. , Huang Hao , Krawetz Stephen A. , Lucidi Scott , McGovern Peter G. , Myers Evan R. , Nestler John E. , Ohl Dana , Santoro Nanette , Schlaff William D. , Snyder Peter , Steinkampf Michael P. , Trussell J. C. , Usadi Rebecca , Yan Qingshang , Zhang Heping , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Legro Richard S. , Dunaif Andrea
Published: August 2015

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, highly heritable complex disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and defects in glucose homeostasis. Increased luteinizing hormone relative to follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, insulin resistance and developmental exposure to androgens are hypothesized to play a causal role in PCOS. Here we map common genetic susceptibility loci in European ancestry women for the National Institutes of Health PCOS phenotype, which confers the highest risk for metabolic morbidities, as well as reproductive hormone levels. Three loci reach genome-wide significance in the case–control meta-analysis, two novel loci mapping to chr 8p23.1 and chr 11p14.1, and a chr 9q22.32 locus previously found in Chinese PCOS. The same chr 11p14.1 SNP, rs11031006, in the region of the follicle-stimulating hormone B polypeptide (FSHB) gene strongly associates with PCOS diagnosis and luteinizing hormone levels. These findings implicate neuroendocrine changes in disease pathogenesis.
Earliest modern human-like hand bone from a new >1.84-million-year-old site at Olduvai in Tanzania
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Pickering Travis Rayne , Almécija Sergio , Heaton Jason L. , Baquedano Enrique , Mabulla Audax , Uribelarrea David
Published: August 2015

Modern humans are characterized by specialized hand morphology that is associated with advanced manipulative skills. Thus, there is important debate in paleoanthropology about the possible cause–effect relationship of this modern human-like (MHL) hand anatomy, its associated grips and the invention and use of stone tools by early hominins. Here we describe and analyse Olduvai Hominin (OH) 86, a manual proximal phalanx from the recently discovered >1.84-million-year-old (Ma) Philip Tobias Korongo (PTK) site at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). OH 86 represents the earliest MHL hand bone in the fossil record, of a size and shape that differs not only from all australopiths, but also from the phalangeal bones of the penecontemporaneous and geographically proximate OH 7 partial hand skeleton (part of the Homo habilis holotype). The discovery of OH 86 suggests that a hominin with a more MHL postcranium co-existed with Paranthropus boisei and Homo habilis at Olduvai during Bed I times.
Light generation of intracellular Ca2+ signals by a genetically encoded protein BACCS
Authors: Ishii Tomohiro , Sato Koji , Kakumoto Toshiyuki , Miura Shigenori , Touhara Kazushige , Takeuchi Shoji , Nakata Takao
Published: August 2015

Ca2+ signals are highly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner in numerous cellular physiological events. Here we report a genetically engineered blue light-activated Ca2+ channel switch (BACCS), as an optogenetic tool for generating Ca2+ signals. BACCS opens Ca2+-selective ORAI ion channels in response to light. A BACCS variant, dmBACCS2, combined with Drosophila Orai, elevates the Ca2+ concentration more rapidly, such that Ca2+ elevation in mammalian cells is observed within 1 s on light exposure. Using BACCSs, we successfully control cellular events including NFAT-mediated gene expression. In the mouse olfactory system, BACCS mediates light-dependent electrophysiological responses. Furthermore, we generate BACCS mutants, which exhibit fast and slow recovery of intracellular Ca2+. Thus, BACCSs are a useful optogenetic tool for generating temporally various intracellular Ca2+ signals with a large dynamic range, and will be applicable to both in vitro and in vivo studies.
BMP signalling differentially regulates distinct haematopoietic stem cell types
Authors: Crisan Mihaela , Kartalaei Parham Solaimani , Vink Chris S. , Yamada-Inagawa Tomoko , Bollerot Karine , van IJcken Wilfred , van der Linden Reinier , de Sousa Lopes Susana M. Chuva , Monteiro Rui , Mummery Christine , Dzierzak Elaine
Published: August 2015

Adult haematopoiesis is the outcome of distinct haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) subtypes with self-renewable repopulating ability, but with different haematopoietic cell lineage outputs. The molecular basis for this heterogeneity is largely unknown. BMP signalling regulates HSCs as they are first generated in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, but at later developmental stages, its role in HSCs is controversial. Here we show that HSCs in murine fetal liver and the bone marrow are of two types that can be prospectively isolated—BMP activated and non-BMP activated. Clonal transplantation demonstrates that they have distinct haematopoietic lineage outputs. Moreover, the two HSC types differ in intrinsic genetic programs, thus supporting a role for the BMP signalling axis in the regulation of HSC heterogeneity and lineage output. Our findings provide insight into the molecular control mechanisms that define HSC types and have important implications for reprogramming cells to HSC fate and treatments targeting distinct HSC types.
Broadband zero-backward and near-zero-forward scattering by metallo-dielectric core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yan , Wan Mingjie , Wu Wenyang , Chen Zhuo , Zhan Peng , Wang Zhenlin
Published: August 2015

Efficient control of optical radiation at subwavelength scales plays important roles for various applications. Dielectric nanoparticles or dielectric shells with a large refractive index of n ~ 3–4, which are only achievable for limited semiconductors, are involved in most designs so far to control the scattering by overlapping the electric and magnetic dipolar modes of the same magnitude. Here we propose a new mechanism based on the interplay between dipolar and quadrupolar resonances of different amplitudes, both magnetic and electric, to suppress the backward scattering or the forward scattering by using metallo-dielectric core-shell nanoparticles with a dielectric shell layer having a refractive index of n = 2.0. We demonstrate that broadband zero-backward or near-zero-forward scattering can be achieved by optimizing the structural parameters. We also demonstrate that the core-shell nanoparticles with identical dielectric shells but metal cores with various sizes are able to suppress the backward or forward scattering at the same wavelength, thus revealing a large tolerance to fabrication errors induced by the size distributions in the metal cores. These features make the proposed core-shell nanoparticles beyond the dipole limit more easily realized in practical experiments.
Upregulation of miR-181s reverses mesenchymal transition by targeting KPNA4 in glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Tao Tao , Yan Wei , Feng Yan , Wang Yongzhi , Cai Jinquan , You Yongping , Jiang Tao , Jiang Chuanlu
Published: August 2015

The goal of this work was to explore the most effective miRNAs affecting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) phenotype transition and malignant progression. We annotated 491 TCGA samples’ miRNA expression profiles according to their mRNA-based subtypes and found that the mesenchymal tumors had significantly decreased miR-181 family expression compared with the other three subtypes while the proneural subtype harbored extremely high miR-181 family expression. Patients with high miR-181 family expression had longer overall survival (p = 0.0031). We also confirmed that NF-κB-targeting genes and the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) pathway were inversely correlated with miR-181 family expression and that the entire miR-181 family inhibited glioma cell invasion and proliferation; of these, miR-181b was the most effective suppressor. Furthermore, miR-181b was validated to suppress EMT by targeting KPNA4 and was associated with survival outcome in the TCGA and CGGA datasets and in another independent cohort. The EMT-inhibitory effect of miR-181b was lost after KPNA4 expression was restored. We also identified the antitumorigenic activity of miR-181bin vitroandin vivo. Our results showed that miR-181 family expression was closely correlated with TCGA subtypes and patients’ overall survival, indicating that miR-181b, a tumor-suppressive miRNA, could be a novel therapeutic candidate for treating gliomas.
Plasmonic Gold Decorated MWCNT Nanocomposite for Localized Plasmon Resonance Sensing
Authors: Ozhikandathil J. , Badilescu S. , Packirisamy M.
Published: August 2015

The synergism of excellent properties of carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles is used in this work for bio-sensing of recombinant bovine growth hormones (rbST) by making Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) locally optically responsive by augmenting it optical properties through Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR). To this purpose, locally gold nano particles decorated gold–MWCNT composite was synthesized from a suspension of MWCNT bundles and hydrogen chloroauric acid in an aqueous solution, activated ultrasonically and, then, drop-casted on a glass substrate. The slow drying of the drop produces a “coffee ring” pattern that is found to contain gold–MWCNT nanocomposites, accumulated mostly along the perimeter of the ring. The reaction is studied also at low-temperature, in the vacuum chamber of the Scanning Electron Microscope and is accounted for by the local melting processes that facilitate the contact between the bundle of tubes and the gold ions. Biosensing applications of the gold–MWCNT nanocomposite using their LSPR properties are demonstrated for the plasmonic detection of traces of bovine growth hormone. The sensitivity of the hybrid platform which is found to be 1 ng/ml is much better than that measuring with gold nanoparticles alone which is only 25 ng/ml.
Quick Fabrication of Large-area Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays with a Rapid Annealing Self-Solution-Shearing Method
Authors: Li Yunze , Ji Deyang , Liu Jie , Yao Yifan , Fu Xiaolong , Zhu Weigang , Xu Chunhui , Dong Huanli , Li Jingze , Hu Wenping
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we developed a new method to produce large-area single crystal arrays by using the organic semiconductor 9, 10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA). This method involves an easy operation, is efficient, meets the demands of being low-cost and is independent of the substrate for large-area arrays fabrication. Based on these single crystal arrays, the organic field effect transistors exhibit the superior performance with the average mobility extracting from the saturation region of 0.2 cm2V−1s−1(the highest 0.47 cm2V−1s−1) and on/off ratio exceeding 105. In addition, our single crystal arrays also show a very high photoswitch performance with an on/off current ratio up to 4.1 × 105, which is one of the highest values reported for organic materials. It is believed that this method provides a new way to fabricate single crystal arrays and has the potential for application to large area organic electronics.
SRSF1 and hnRNP H antagonistically regulate splicing of COLQ exon 16 in a congenital myasthenic syndrome
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Alinoor , Azuma Yoshiteru , Nasrin Farhana , Takeda Jun-ichi , Nazim Mohammad , Ahsan Khalid Bin , Masuda Akio , Engel Andrew G. , Ohno Kinji
Published: August 2015

The catalytic subunits of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are anchored in the basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction using a collagen-like tail subunit (ColQ) encoded by COLQ. Mutations in COLQ cause endplate AChE deficiency. An A-to-G mutation predicting p.E415G in COLQ exon 16 identified in a patient with endplate AChE deficiency causes exclusive skipping of exon 16. RNA affinity purification, mass spectrometry and siRNA-mediated gene knocking down disclosed that the mutation disrupts binding of a splicing-enhancing RNA-binding protein, SRSF1 and de novo gains binding of a splicing-suppressing RNA-binding protein, hnRNP H. MS2-mediated artificial tethering of each factor demonstrated that SRSF1 and hnRNP H antagonistically modulate splicing by binding exclusively to the target in exon 16. Further analyses with artificial mutants revealed that SRSF1 is able to bind to degenerative binding motifs, whereas hnRNP H strictly requires an uninterrupted stretch of poly(G). The mutation compromised splicing of the downstream intron. Isolation of early spliceosome complex revealed that the mutation impairs binding of U1-70K (snRNP70) to the downstream 5′ splice site. Global splicing analysis with RNA-seq revealed that exons carrying the hnRNP H-binding GGGGG motif are predisposed to be skipped compared to those carrying the SRSF1-binding GGAGG motif in both human and mouse brains.
Clinicopathological Significance and Potential Drug Target of CDKN2A/p16 in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Su Li , Wang Hanwei , Miao Jingwei , Liang Ying
Published: August 2015

Previous studies demonstrated that the loss of function of the CDKN2A/p16/INK4A gene is mainly caused by the hypermethylation of CDKN2A, however, whether or not it is associated with the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of endometrial carcinoma (EC) remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis aiming to comprehensively assess the role of CDKN2A hypermethylation in the pathogenesis of EC. A detailed literature search was made to identify the related research publications. Analysis of pooled data was performed. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated and summarized. Final analysis of 638 EC patients from 12 eligible studies was performed. The results showed that CDKN2A hypermethylation was significantly higher in EC than in normal control tissue, the pooled OR from 8 studies including 400 EC patients and 131 controls, OR = 8.39 with 95% CI 4.03–17.45, test for overall effect, Z = 5.69, P < 0.00001. Further analysis showed that CDKN2A hypermethylation was not significantly associated with tumor differentiation and clinical stage status in EC patients. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that CDKN2A hypermethylation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of EC. CDKN2A hypermethylation was not significantly associated with tumor differentiation and clinical stage status in EC patients, indicating that CDKN2A hypermethylation might be early event of EC.
OLA1 regulates protein synthesis and integrated stress response by inhibiting eIF2 ternary complex formation
Authors: Chen Huarong , Song Renduo , Wang Guohui , Ding Zonghui , Yang Chunying , Zhang Jiawei , Zeng Zihua , Rubio Valentina , Wang Luchang , Zu Nancy , Weiskoff Amanda M. , Minze Laurie J. , Jeyabal Prince V.S. , Mansour Oula C. , Bai Li , Merrick William C. , Zheng Shu , Shi Zheng-Zheng
Published: August 2015

Translation is a fundamental cellular process and its dysregulation can contribute to human diseases such as cancer. During translation initiation the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) forms a ternary complex (TC) with GTP and the initiator methionyl-tRNA (tRNAi), mediating ribosomal recruitment of tRNAi. Limiting TC availability is a central mechanism for triggering the integrated stress response (ISR), which suppresses global translation in response to various cellular stresses, but induces specific proteins such as ATF4. This study shows that OLA1, a member of the ancient Obg family of GTPases, is an eIF2-regulatory protein that inhibits protein synthesis and promotes ISR by binding eIF2, hydrolyzing GTP and interfering with TC formation. OLA1 thus represents a novel mechanism of translational control affecting de novo TC formation, different from the traditional model in which phosphorylation of eIF2α blocks the regeneration of TC. Depletion of OLA1 caused a hypoactive ISR and greater survival in stressed cells. In vivo, OLA1-knockdown rendered cancer cells deficient in ISR and the downstream proapoptotic effector, CHOP, promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Our work suggests that OLA1 is a novel translational GTPase and plays a suppressive role in translation and cell survival, as well as cancer growth and progression.
CaMKII regulates the strength of the epithelial barrier
Authors: Shiomi Ryo , Shigetomi Kenta , Inai Tetsuichiro , Sakai Masami , Ikenouchi Junichi
Published: August 2015

Epithelial cells define the boundary between the outside and the inside of our body by constructing the diffusion barrier. Tight junctions (TJs) of epithelial cells function as barriers against invasion of harmful microorganisms into the human body and free diffusion of water or ions from the body. Therefore, formation of TJs has to be strictly controlled in epithelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this regulation are largely unknown. In this study, we identified Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) as a regulator of the barrier function of TJs. CaMKII inhibition led to enlargement of TJ-areas and up-regulation of the barrier function. CaMKII inhibition induced excess TJ formation in part by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent phosphorylation of claudin-1. As up-regulation of epithelial barriers is essential for the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases, the identification of CaMKII as a modulator of TJ function paves the way for the development of new drugs to treat these diseases.
Imaging Cells in Flow Cytometer Using Spatial-Temporal Transformation
Authors: Han Yuanyuan , Lo Yu-Hwa
Published: August 2015

Flow cytometers measure fluorescence and light scattering and analyze multiple physical characteristics of a large population of single cells as cells flow in a fluid stream through an excitation light beam. Although flow cytometers have massive statistical power due to their single cell resolution and high throughput, they produce no information about cell morphology or spatial resolution offered by microscopy, which is a much wanted feature missing in almost all flow cytometers. In this paper, we invent a method of spatial-temporal transformation to provide flow cytometers with cell imaging capabilities. The method uses mathematical algorithms and a spatial filter as the only hardware needed to give flow cytometers imaging capabilities. Instead of CCDs or any megapixel cameras found in any imaging systems, we obtain high quality image of fast moving cells in a flow cytometer using PMT detectors, thus obtaining high throughput in manners fully compatible with existing cytometers. To prove the concept, we demonstrate cell imaging for cells travelling at a velocity of 0.2 m/s in a microfluidic channel, corresponding to a throughput of approximately 1,000 cells per second.
Biological and environmental media control oxide nanoparticle surface composition: the roles of biological components (proteins and amino acids), inorganic oxyanions and humic acid
Authors: Mudunkotuwa Imali A. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: August 2015

Evolution of nanoparticle surface composition in increasingly complex biological and environmental matrices.
A twist of nature – the significance of atropisomers in biological systems
Authors: Smyth Jamie E. , Butler Nicholas M. , Keller Paul A.
Published: August 2015

This review encompasses the synthesis and identification of recently detected natural atropisomers with potential therapeutic activity.
Sample collection and amino acids analysis of extracellular fluid of mouse brain slices with low flow push–pull perfusion
Authors: Ojeda-Torres G. , Williams L. , Featherstone D. E. , Shippy S. A.
Published: August 2015

Low flow push–pull perfusion is used to measure extracellular glutamate levels from mouse brain tissue slices.
Non-instrumented DNA isolation, amplification and microarray-based hybridization for a rapid on-site detection of devastating Phytophthora kernoviae
Authors: Schwenkbier Lydia , Pollok Sibyll , Rudloff Anne , Sailer Sebastian , Cialla-May Dana , Weber Karina , Popp Jürgen
Published: August 2015

A rapid and simple instrument-free detection system was developed for the identification of the plant pathogenPhytophthora kernoviae(P. kernoviae).
Accurate assessment of liver steatosis in animal models using a high throughput Raman fiber optic probe
Authors: Hewitt Kevin C. , Ghassemi Rad Javad , McGregor Hanna C. , Brouwers Erin , Sapp Heidi , Short Michael A. , Fashir Samia B. , Zeng Haishan , Alwayn Ian P.
Published: August 2015

A high throughput Raman fiber probe system provides accurate and rapid biochemical assessment of the hepatic fat content of livers.
Regal electrochemistry: British 5 pence coins provide useful metallic macroelectrode substrates
Authors: Tan Fang , Smith Jamie P. , Kampouris Dimitrios K. , Kamieniak Joanna , Banks Craig E.
Published: August 2015

TermedRegal electrochemistry, a 5 pence (GBP) coin is electrically wired using a bespoke electrochemical cell and electrochemically characterised. The electroanalytical utility of a 5p coin electrode is also demonstrated with the novel, avant-garde, proof-of-concept sensing of lead(ii) using square-wave voltammetry.
Poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based polymers engineered for biodegradable functional biomaterials
Authors: Fukushima K.
Published: August 2015

This review presents recent examples of applications and functionalization strategies of poly(trimethylene carbonate), its copolymers, and its derivatives to exploit the unique physicochemical properties of the aliphatic polycarbonate backbone.
Radial alignment of c-channel nanorods in 3D porous TiO2 for eliciting enhanced Li storage performance
Authors: Baek Jayeon , Park Soomin , Song Chyan Kyung , Kim Tae Yong , Nam Inho , Lee Jong Min , Han Jeong Woo , Yi Jongheop
Published: August 2015

Motivated by anisotropic Li mobility inside a rutile crystal, the c-channel specialized nanorods are radially assembled to form a 3D dendritic TiO2 sphere, which facilitate Li movement during the charge/discharge process.
Domino Heck/borylation sequence towards indolinone-3-methyl boronic esters: trapping of the σ-alkylpalladium intermediate with boron
Authors: Vachhani Dipak D. , Butani Himanshu H. , Sharma Nandini , Bhoya Umed C. , Shah Anamik K. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2015

A suitable boron-complex has been used as a nucleophile to trap the σ-alkylpalladium intermediate for the synthesis of indolinone 3-methyl boronic esters, applying a domino Heck/borylation strategy.
Dicobalt phosphide nanoparticles encased in boron and nitrogen co-doped graphitic layers as novel non-precious metal oxygen reduction electrocatalysts in alkaline media
Authors: Han Ce , Bo Xiangjie , Zhang Yufan , Li Mian , Wang Aixia , Guo Liping
Published: August 2015

Dicobalt phosphide nanoparticles encased in boron and nitrogen co-doped graphitic layers catalysts exhibited comparable ORR performance than the commercial Pt/C in alkaline solution with long term stability and excellent methanol tolerance.
A thiol–thiosulfonate reaction providing a novel strategy for turn-on thiol sensing
Authors: Ge Chunpo , Wang Hao , Zhang Baoxin , Yao Juan , Li Xinming , Feng Weimin , Zhou Panpan , Wang Yawen , Fang Jianguo
Published: August 2015

A thiosulfonate scaffold was applied to design selective and turn-on thiol probes for the first time.
External electric field reverses helical handedness of a supramolecular columnar stack
Authors: Bejagam Karteek K. , Kulkarni Chidambar , George Subi J. , Balasubramanian Sundaram
Published: August 2015

A supramolecular columnar stack aligns its macrodipole vector to an external electric field by reversing its handedness.
A novel preparation of core–shell electrode materials via evaporation-induced self-assembly of nanoparticles for advanced Li-ion batteries
Authors: Xie Zhiqiang , Ellis Sarah , Xu Wangwang , Dye Dara , Zhao Jianqing , Wang Ying
Published: August 2015

Schematic illustration of a facile preparation of a L@S core–shell heterostructure.
Multi-responsive supramolecular hydrogels for drug delivery
Authors: Shi Yang , Wang Zhongyan , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Tengyan , Ji Shenglu , Ding Dan , Yang Zhimou , Wang Ling
Published: August 2015

We reported a versatile method to prepare responsive supramolecular hydrogels.
Molecular tectonics: heterometallic (Ir,Cu) grid-type coordination networks based on cyclometallated Ir(iii) chiral metallatectons
Authors: Xu Chaojie , Guenet Aurélie , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Planeix Jean-Marc , Hosseini Mir Wais
Published: August 2015

The combination of a Chiral-at-metal Ir(iii) organometallic metallatecton with Cu(ii) leads to the formation of a heterobimetallic (Ir,Cu) grid type 2D coordination network.
Selective gelation of N-(4-pyridyl)nicotinamide by copper(ii) salts
Authors: Ghosh Dipankar , Lebedytė Ieva , Yufit Dmitry S. , Damodaran Krishna K. , Steed Jonathan W.
Published: August 2015

We report the gelation properties of the copper(ii) complexes of N-(4-pyridyl)nicotinamide (4PNA). Gelation was observed for the copper(ii) complexes of 4PNA, whereas the manganese(ii), iron(ii), cobalt(ii), nickel(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes were not able to form metallogels.
A global full-dimensional potential energy surface and quasiclassical trajectory study of the O(1D) + CH4 multichannel reaction
Authors: Shao Kejie , Fu Bina , Zhang Dong H.
Published: August 2015

The QCT calculations based on an accurate global full-dimensional PES are capable of reproducing the experimental dynamic features for O(1D) + CH4.
Electronic structures of cyclometalated palladium complexes in the higher oxidation states
Authors: Nguyen Bao N. , Adrio Luis A. , Albrecht Tim , White Andrew J. P. , Newton Mark A. , Nachtegaal Maarten , Figueroa Santiago J. A. , Hii King Kuok (Mimi)
Published: August 2015

Electronic structures of Pd(ii), Pd(iii) and Pd(iv) complexes were examined using X-ray crystallography and absorption spectroscopy, supplemented by theoretical calculations.
Bis(alkyl) rare-earth complexes supported by a new tridentate amidinate ligand with a pendant diphenylphosphine oxide group. Synthesis, structures and catalytic activity in isoprene polymerization
Authors: Tolpygin Aleksei O. , Glukhova Tatyana A. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Aleksanyan Diana V. , Cui Dongmei , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: August 2015

The introduction of a pendant Ph2P(O) group into an amidinate ligand resulted in high 1,4-cis selectivity (96.6%) while maintaining very high activity.
Hybrid solar converters for maximum exergy and inexpensive dispatchable electricity
Authors: Branz Howard M. , Regan William , Gerst Kacy J. , Borak J. Brian , Santori Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2015

Hybrid converters could optimally exploit the solar spectrum to realize higher conversion efficiencies and low electricity costs, while ensuring the availability of inexpensive dispatchable solar power.
Accurate determination of lithium isotope ratios by MC-ICP-MS without strict matrix-matching by using a novel washing method
Authors: Lin Jie , Liu Yongsheng , Hu Zhaochu , Yang Lu , Chen Kang , Chen Haihong , Zong Keqing , Gao Shan
Published: August 2015

With a 5% NaCl rinse solution, the Li background can be effectively reduced by a factor of 15 to 70.
A theoretical study of a series of novel two-photon nitric oxide (NO) fluorescent probes based on BODIPY
Authors: Zhang Li , Zou Lu-Yi , Guo Jing-Fu , Wang Dan , Ren Ai-Min
Published: August 2015

The PET probing mechanism and intrinsic two-photon absorption properties of the studied molecules are rationally explained.
Autonomous movement induced in chemically powered active soft-oxometalates using dithionite as fuel
Authors: Mallick Apabrita , Lai Dipti , Roy Soumyajit
Published: August 2015

Micromotors based on Mo7soft-oxometalates (SOMs) which are very easy to synthesize and move autonomously in the presence of dithionite which acts as the chemical fuel.
Copper-catalyzed synthesis of aryldiazo sulfones from arylhydrazines and sulfonyl chlorides under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Jin-Biao , Chen Fu-Jiao , Liu En , Li Jin-Hui , Qiu Guanyinsheng
Published: August 2015

A simple and effective procedure for the preparation of aryldiazo sulfones by Cu-catalyzed sulfonylation/dehydrogenation is presented.
Palladium-catalyzed direct and regioselective C–H acyloxylation of indolizines
Authors: Sun Jinwei , Wang Fuyao , Shen Yongmiao , Zhi Huizhen , Wu Hui , Liu Yun
Published: August 2015

A direct and highly regioselective C1-acyloxylation of indolizines was developed via palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalization. In this reaction, the regioselectivity was achieved in the absence of a directing group.
An organocatalytic strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of C-galactosides with fluorine at the pseudoanomeric carbon
Authors: Altiti Ahmad S. , Bachan S. , Alrowhani W. , Mootoo D. R.
Published: August 2015

The fluorination of α- and β-C-linked-galactosyl ethanals using NFSI and Jørgensen catalyst, followed by reduction or methylenation of the derived aldehydes provided versatile precursors to flluorinated glycomimetics. The (R) and (S) catalysts gave stereochemically complementary results.
Tunable LCST behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/ionic liquid) copolymers
Authors: Jain Kamiya , Vedarajan Raman , Watanabe Masaki , Ishikiriyama Mamoru , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: August 2015

Tunable LCST of PNIPAM–IL copolymers.
Lipoates as building blocks of sulfur-containing branched macromolecules
Authors: Tang Houliang , Tsarevsky Nicolay V.
Published: August 2015

Under radical polymerization conditions, 2-acryloyloxyethyl lipoate (AOELp) yielded, prior to gelation, soluble, highly branched, reductively degradable disulfide-containing polymers. The reduction of AOELp afforded a dithiol acrylate, which participated in radical or ionic step-growth thiol-ene reactions, yielding highly branched reductively non-degradable polymers with thioether-type sulfur atoms in the backbones.
The quest for observation and isolation of oxyallyl derivatives
Authors: Regnier Vianney , Martin David
Published: August 2015

This review summarizes 50 years of attempts to observe, and finally isolate, the elusive oxyallyl derivatives.
Innovative magnetic tri-layered nanocomposites based on polyxanthone triazole, polypyrrole and iron oxide: synthesis, characterization and investigation of the biological activities
Authors: Hasantabar Vahid , Lakouraj Moslem Mansour , Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan , Mohseni Mojtaba
Published: August 2015

A magnetic multi-functional composite with a tri-layer core–shell–shell construction was successfully prepared by a combination process involving click reactions and emulsion polymerization.
Micelle stability in water under a range of pressures and temperatures; do both have a common mechanism?
Authors: Espinosa Silva Yanis Ricardo , Grigera J. Raul
Published: August 2015

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we present a description compatible with experimental data of the self-assembly aggregation of SDS molecules in H2O and D2O for a wide range of pressures and temperatures.
Bile salt-surface active ionic liquid mixtures: mixed micellization and solubilization of phenothiazine
Authors: Vashishat Rajni , Sanan Reshu , Mahajan Rakesh Kumar
Published: August 2015

Solubilization of phenothiazine is studied. Phenothiazine is more solubilized in the core of mixed micelles of sodium deoxycholate and ionic liquid. Sodium deoxycholate is more hydrophobic in nature than sodium cholate.
Efficient synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones from epoxides and carbamates catalyzed by amine-functionalized ionic liquids
Authors: Shang Jianpeng , Li Zuopeng , Su Caina , Guo Yong , Deng Youquan
Published: August 2015

The amine-functionalized ionic liquids can be an efficient catalyst for 2-oxazolidinones synthesis from epoxides and carbamates.
Facile synthesis of urea-and thiocarbamate-tethered glycosyl beta-amino acids
Authors: Teng Hanbing , Zhang Zengwei , Zhou Yifan , Chen Zhiyong , Chen Qi , Liu Yang , Xu Wenjin
Published: August 2015

An efficient way to synthesize series of new urea- and thiocarbamate-tethered glycosyl β-amino acids under mild conditions was described.
A porous hybrid imprinted membrane for selectively anchoring target proteins from a complex matrix
Authors: Luo Zhimin , Du Wei , Guo Pengqi , Zheng Penglei , Chang Ruimiao , Wang Jin , Zeng Aiguo , Chang Chun , Fu Qiang
Published: August 2015

The proposed route for the polymerization of CP/CNT/DA-MIM (A) and the recognition protocol of CP/CNT/DA-MIM (B).
Lanthanide-induced shift reagents enable the structural elucidation of natural products in inseparable complex mixtures – the case of elemenal from Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Genčić Marija S. , Radulović Niko S.
Published: August 2015

A new approach to the structural elucidation of constituent(s) of complex mixtures was developed based on the use of lanthanide-induced shift reagents. This methodology was successfully applied in the identification of a rare sesquiterpene elemenal.
Fabrication of triple responsive polymer brushes and their catalytic performance after loading palladium
Authors: Liu Hui , Chen Si , Cui Huanqing , Hu Jin , Cai Hongyan , Deng Wenkai
Published: August 2015

The uniformly dispersed and structured silica nanoparticles were prepared and functionalized by amino and 2-bromoisobutyrate successively. The triple responsive polymer brushes were synthesized from the functionalized silica particles by SI-ATRP.
High performance supercapacitor under extremely low environmental temperature
Authors: Zhou Yue , Ghaffari Mehdi , Lin Minren , Xu Haiping , Xie Huaqing , Koo Chong Min , Zhang Q. M.
Published: August 2015

A supercapacitor cell, consisting of highly aligned nano-porous graphene electrodes with an eutectic mixture of ionic liquids BMPBF4 in BMIBF4 as electrolyte, exhibits a high capacitance performance over a temperature range from −50 °C to 80 °C.
Comparative assessment of performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of gasoline/diesel and gasoline/biodiesel in a dual-fuel engine
Authors: Teoh Y. H. , Masjuki H. H. , Kalam M. A. , How H. G.
Published: August 2015

In recent years, rapid growth in population, development, and industrialization have led to a high demand for energy worldwide.
One-pot synthesis of benzoxazoles via the metal-free ortho-C–H functionalization of phenols with nitroalkanes
Authors: Aksenov Nicolai A. , Aksenov Alexander V. , Nadein Oleg N. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Smirnov Alexander N. , Rubin Michael
Published: August 2015

PPA-activated nitroalkanes are employed in the design of a one-pot cascade transformation involvingortho-C–H functionalization, by Beckman rearrangement, and condensation to produce benzoxazoles and benzobisoxazoles directly from phenols.