bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reluctant Warrior: the Challenge to Instilling Law of War in Today’s Professional Warrior
Authors: Austin W. Chadwick , McKelvy Shawn D.
Published: March 2020

George C. Marshall, famed U.S. World War II general and eventual U.S. Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner, on his first assignment fresh out of military school, told a fellow officer: Once an army is involved in war, there is a beast in every fighting man which begins tugging at its chains. And a good officer must learn early on how to keep the beast under control, both in his men and himself Even for nations possessing a reputation for stringent compliance with the law of war, the annals of history, to include more contemporary military engagements, are littered with cases of atrocities committed by soldiers. All too often the beast wins, and because every nation has an obligation to minimize the reality described above, nations must continue to dedicate time, thought and resources to best prepare their forces for future military operations. Unrestrained warfare has a direct negative military impact on both winning the war and winning the peace. This corollary remains as true today as it has ever been. What is meant by a ‘reluctant warrior’? Put simply, a reluctant warrior is one who while ready to employ lethal force when the situation demands, is not eager to do so in “the moment”. He answers the questions: “Can I, If I, Should I”, and then takes decisive action – or employs uncommon restraint – with a goal of accomplishing the mission all the while staying true to the value imbedded in the U.S. Marines’ Hymn, “to keep our honor clean”. To fully develop the ‘reluctant warrior’ needed on today’s and tomorrow’s battlefields, this article will look at the role of legal regulation and the practice of military education and training, as well as some of the other factors that influence behavior and decisionmaking during instances of armed conflict. This article will also comment on the costs to the individual soldier and to the mission when a nation fails to prepare ‘reluctant warriors’.
Problems of Legal Education Reform in Ukraine
Authors: Bilak Maria
Published: March 2020

The paper attempts to study the current situation of legal education reform in Ukraine. The main ideas of the new model of legal education in Ukraine were analyzed. The author made a comparison of Ukrainian legal education system with legal educations practices in United States, Poland and Germany. The main problems negatively influencing the quality of legal education such as corruption, disproportionally high number of law schools and outdated approaches to teaching were described.
Proof of Causation in Tort Cases
Authors: Karnaukh Bohdan
Published: March 2020

The article addresses the problem of uncertainty over causation in tort cases. It reveals the interconnection between burden of proof and standard of proof. The author provides a comparative overview of approaches to standard of proof in common law and civil law systems. It is argued that while in common law there are two different standards viz: beyond-reasonable-doubt-standard for criminal cases and balanceof-probabilities standard for civil cases in civil law system there is only one standard applicable both to criminal and civil cases. With comparative analysis in the background the article also reveals the peculiarities of Ukrainian law in the respect of the issue raised. The problem is approached in a pragmatic manner: using a hypothetical case the author models practical outcomes entailed by each of the approaches being applied to the case. Eventually the conclusion is made that there are four ways of coping with uncertainty over causation: (1) to reverse the burden of proof; (2) to calibrate the standard of proof for certain cases; (3) to recognize the very creation of the abnormal risk as a compensable damage; and (4) to multiply damage plaintiff sustained by the probability factor indicating the likelihood of the damage being actually caused by the defendant.
The Numerus Clausus Issue in Property Law – European Private Law and the Polish Perspective
Authors: Ossowska Magdalena
Published: March 2020

The numerus clausus of property rights indicates that a mandatory closed catalogue of property rights exists in a given legal system; the content (method of creation, conveyance, expiration) of a right falling within this closed list is strictly specified and cannot be changed by the parties. In this way, the state consciously limits the activity of the parties in this regard, indicating the socially and legally acceptable types of property rights they can use. An insightful look at the development and explanation of this principle over the centuries and now seems to be necessary with the advancing unification of private law in Europe.
The present article discusses the dogmatic basis of the concept of numerus clausus and outlines its history and economic reasoning behind it. Then, the main models of the numerus clausus in European legal orders as well as the functioning of this principle in Polish property law are presented. Subsequently, the strengths and weaknesses of the numerus clausus are examined. This provides us with general conclusions concerning the harmonization of this area of private law.
Shattering Myths: The Curious History of the Bulgarian Law of Obligations
Authors: Vassileva Radosveta
Published: March 2020

While Bulgarian scholars concur that Bulgaria’s Law of Obligations and Contracts, which was enacted in 1950 and which is still in force today following cosmetic changes in the early 1990s, is an original Bulgarian legal text, archival and comparative research shows that it is heavily based on the Italian Codice Civile of 1942. Why would a communist country seek inspiration in a country with a Fascist ideology? Exploring the reasons behind this legislative choice as well as the reasons why this ‘dark’ secret was buried for so long challenges traditional taxonomies of comparative law, reveals the peculiar patterns of legal change, including the key role of the legal scholar in the process, and demonstrates the power of comparative law in shattering myths in legal history.
The Convergence of the Basis of Responsibility for a Crime (an Offense) and for an Administrative Delict and the Ne Bis In Idem Principle in the Polish Law
Authors: Zientara Anna
Published: March 2020

This study presents the case law of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal referring to the ne bis in idem principle and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights issued on the basis of Article 4 of Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights. The work also includes the discussion of solutions adopted in Polish law in the case when a person meets both the signs of a crime/offense and the premises of administrative responsibility of a punitive (repressive) nature in a single unlawful act. For many years, a system-wide solution to this type of convergence was missing in Polish law. The situation changed last year with the introduction of Article 189f to the Code of Administrative Procedure. However, as indicated in the study, this provision does not fully implement the ne bis in idem standard developed by the European Court of Human Rights.
Vertragswettbewerb: Neustart geboten
Authors: Jacobs Klaus
Published: March 2020

Über faire Bedingungen im Kassenwettbewerb ist lange gestritten worden. Jetzt hat das „Faire-Kassenwettbewerb-Gesetz“ die Wettbewerbsbedingungen teilweise neu justiert. Höchste Zeit, sich wieder auf die Rolle des Wettbewerbs zur Versorgungsgestaltung zu besinnen. Hierzu benötigt der Vertragswettbewerb einen Neustart, denn sonst macht der Kassenwettbewerb letztlich keinen Sinn.
God’s Favorite Gun
Authors: Stoddard Brad ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the Sanctuary Church in Pennsylvania, pastored by Reverend Hyung Jin “Sean” Moon, son of the late Reverend Sun Myung Moon. It specifically addresses the church’s history and the theology that motivated “Pastor Sean,” as he is commonly called, to host a marriage blessing ceremony where attendees brought crowns and AR-15 rifles to church. It argues that this ceremony, and Moon’s theology itself, are extensions of the unique political, cultural, and legal battles increasingly common in the United States. It also explores the church’s critics who used the blessing ceremony as an opportunity to “save” the categories of Christianity and religion from being tainted by Moon’s martial theology.
Integrative taxonomy identifies two new tardigrade species (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Greenland
Authors: Stec Daniel , Tumanov Denis T. , Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg
Published: March 2020

In this paper we describe Macrobiotus engbergi sp. nov. and Tenuibiotus zandrae sp. nov. from Greenland. Our study has involved both classical taxonomic methods, which include morphological and morphometric analyses conducted with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy, and genetic analysis based on four molecular markers (three nuclear: 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2, and one mitochondrial: COI). Moreover, we re-examined the type series of Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007) as well as the original sample where the species was found and we provide new morphological data from light and scanning electron microscopy which enabled us to amend its description. Finally, we also analysed slides with animals and egg of two populations from Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya (archipelago of Svalbard, Norway) designated as T. voronkovi within its recent redescription. The results and comparisons presented in our study question the validity of this designation.
Bookjoy! Día to Celebrate 25 Years: A Visit with Founder Pat Mora
Authors: Grassel Allison
Published: March 2020

It’s no surprise that passing along her love of literature—or “bookjoy!” as she calls it—has always been important to Pat Mora, award-winning author and literacy advocate.In fact, she compares her love of reading to her love of ice cream: “When you love ice cream, you want everyone else to like it. You think, ‘Oh, that’s delicious,’ and you don’t want anyone to miss the pleasure.”
Bringing Tech, Teens, and Talent Together: Recording Audiobooks for Children with Disabilities
Authors: Vroblick Lynn
Published: March 2020

It’s Friday afternoon and, rather than embarking on weekend recreational plans, a group of high school students have arrived at Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh’s Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (LBPH) to get down to work. They filter into the library’s recording studio and two students take their places at the microphones in soundproof recording booths, while others settle in front of the electronic monitoring equipment just outside and follow the text of the children’s book that is being recorded.
Couples Who Collaborate: Tom Angleberger and Cece Bell
Authors: Sableski Mary-Kate
Published: March 2020

Tom Angleberger and Cece Bell are the unique couple behind numerous memorable books for children. The couple creates joyful, relatable characters and settings that invite children to return to their books again and again. In addition to their collaborative projects, the couple also supports each other in their independent pursuits, which are also hugely successful. Their insights and experiences on collaborating and creating books for children draw from their years of experience, and success, honing their craft together.Cece Bell is the author and illustrator of a diverse range of books, including Newbery Honor–winning autobiography El Deafo (2014), Geisel Honor–winning Rabbit and Robot: The Sleepover (2014), Rabbit and Robot and Ribbit (2017), I Yam a Donkey (2016), Bee-Wigged (2017), Itty Bitty (2009), and the Sock Monkey series. She has also created books with her husband, Tom, including Crankee Doodle (2013) and the Inspector Flytrap series. She earned her graduate degree in illustration and design at Kent State University and became a full-time author and illustrator after many years of working as a freelance illustrator and designer.
Things to Do If You Are Spring: A Poem
Authors: Salas Laura Purdie
Published: March 2020

Former teacher Laura Purdie Salas believes reading small picture books and poems can have a huge impact on your life. She has written more than 130 books for children.
Attitude à l’égard des prospectus : influence des bénéfices et coûts perçus
Authors: Parguel Béatrice , Mimouni Chaabane Aïda
Published: March 2020

Cette recherche étudie l’influence relative des bénéfices et des coûts perçus du prospectus sur l’attitude à son égard. Une étude qualitative identifie d’abord les bénéfices (utilitaire, d’exploration et de divertissement) et les coûts (environnemental et budgétaire) associés au prospectus. Une étude quantitative montre ensuite la prédominance du bénéfice de divertissement dans l’explication de l’attitude à l’égard du prospectus. Ces résultats replacent le prospectus dans une perspective expérientielle de la consommation et offrent aux enseignes des pistes concrètes afin de mieux concevoir leurs prospectus.
L’enrichissement de l’expérience de visite muséale par l’utilisation d’outils interactifs de médiation
Authors: Jarrier Elodie , Bourgeon-Renault Dominique
Published: March 2020

La problématique de cet article concerne l’utilisation d’outils interactifs de médiation lors de la visite d’un musée. Quelles sont les dimensions de l’expérience de visite muséale ? La nature de l’outil interactif utilisé (audioguide, tablette tactile, borne interactive, table tactile multi-usagers) lors de la visite induit-elle une expérience muséale spécifique ? Tout d’abord une synthèse de la revue de la littérature est présentée portant sur l’influence des outils interactifs de médiation sur l’expérience de visite muséale. Puis, les résultats issus d’une démarche qualitative sont analysés. La finalité managériale est d’aider les professionnels dans leur processus de choix des outils interactifs de médiation afin d’enrichir l’expérience de visite muséale vécue par les publics, dans un objectif de leur élargissement et de leur diversification.
L’alpha de Cronbach est l’un des pires estimateurs de la consistance interne : une étude de simulation
Authors: Bourque Jimmy , Doucet Danielle , LeBlanc Josée , Dupuis Jérémie , Nadeau Josée
Published: March 2020

L’alpha de Cronbach est l’indice de consistance interne le plus répandu en sciences de l’éducation. Le but de cet article est d’évaluer la performance de six estimateurs de consistance interne à partir d’une étude de simulation. La simulation porte sur l’alpha de Cronbach, le lambda-2, le lambda-4 et le lambda-6 de Guttman, la plus grande limite inférieure et l’oméga. Quarante-cinq scénarios ont été définis par la taille de l’échantillon, le nombre d’items et la valeur des coefficients de saturation factorielle. Les résultats suggèrent que, dans le cas où l’instrument compte cinq items, l’estimateur à privilégier serait l’oméga. Dans les autres cas, ce serait la grande limite inférieure. L’alpha et le lambda-2 sont systématiquement les deux estimateurs qui sous-estiment le plus la valeur de la consistance interne et devraient être évités. Le lambda-6 serait le meilleur estimateur offert par SPSS. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude offre un rationnel empirique pour un changement de pratique dans les recherches en éducation.
Quand la figure se met debout
Authors: Garré Nicoară Marie
Published: March 2020

Cet article propose d’envisager comment l’instabilité de la marionnette amène à penser la posture debout comme lutte contre la chute, et comment cette « levée des marionnettes », actualisant ce premier geste de la présence puis de l’adresse, donne à lire différemment un certain nombre de présupposés de la relation théâtrale. À travers les déclinaisons du couple interprète / marionnette, il s’agit de saisir la manière dont se tenir debout passe par l’interdépendance de ce duo chez Schönbein et dans la démarche des Mossoux-Bonté, et les façons dont le corps de l’interprète se réinvente – notamment dans une perte de verticalité – face à l’élan vertical de la figure.
Sources for Colonial Historiography: Museums and Colonial Collections, a Mapping and Memory Project on the Italian National Territory
Authors: Falcucci Beatrice
Published: March 2020

L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è sottolineare l’importanza di musei e collezioni coloniali presenti sul territorio italiano come vettori di memoria e nuove fonti per la storia coloniale del paese. Pur non vantando un grande museo coloniale nazionale come quelli europei di Leiden, Bruxelles o Parigi, l’Italia ospita sul suo territorio circa sessanta collezioni dalle ex colonie, divise tra musei militari, musei di antropologia e scienze naturali, collezioni appartenenti ad ordini religiosi, ecc. La varietà delle collezioni e la loro pervasività in tutta la penisola fanno sì che attraverso di esse sia possibile raccontare in modo concreto storia coloniale italiana.
Jean-Charles Falardeau et le Conseil des arts du Québec
Authors: Langlois Simon
Published: March 2020

Le présent article rappelle la composition et le rôle du Conseil des arts du Québec, créé en 1962 et présidé par Jean-Charles Falardeau jusqu’en 1965. Au statut mal défini, en perpétuel conflit avec le ministère des Affaires culturelles qui assumait la gestion des affaires courantes en cette matière, le Conseil a néanmoins laissé en héritage un ensemble de propositions audacieuses et originales concernant la recherche et la culture, la langue et l’immigration, qui ne seront adoptées par le gouvernement du Québec que plusieurs années après la fin de ses activités.
La mort du soldat William Hands
Authors: Harvey Louis-Georges
Published: March 2020

Tensions ethniques, antipathie entre soldats et citoyens, insuffisance de la présence policière, de multiples causes permettent d’expliquer la mort du soldat William Hands, le 23 avril 1835, à la suite d’une échauffourée impliquant quelques Canadiens, mais la signification de l’événement et de la controverse qu’il soulève se situe plutôt dans l’intensification des pressions politiques qui agissaient sur l’administration de la justice criminelle en 1835. L’importance politique du procès qui s’ensuivit était évidente, et les Patriotes mirent tout en oeuvre pour faire disculper les accusés, Édouard Monarque et Joseph Chapeleau, au moment où les autorités impériales lançaient une commission d’enquête sur les affaires du Bas-Canada.
The symbolism of mappae mundi: genesis and evolution of historical images
Authors: Krevchenko Elena Viktorovna
Published: March 2020

The subject of this research is the genesis and evolution of iconography of historical images in illumination of the medieval monastic maps of the world – mappa mundi. Such images on the maps visually depicted the process of sacred Christian history. The reflection of the sacred history was necessary for introducing the time element into the model of the world represented by mappa mundi map. This moment was important in light of representations on the existing continuity of the world and its history, due to inevitability of realization of the divine plan. For the analysis of iconography of historical images of the maps, the author applied the means of formal, iconological, iconographic and comparative analysis. The medieval illuminated map of the world is views as a complex information matrix, as well as a methodological tool for tracing the historiography of sacred history. The role of medieval maps mappae mundi in comprising the worldview perception of the era until the present remains insufficiently studied not only within the national, but also foreign science.
Autobiographical motifs of Andrey Rumyantsev’s lyrics (based on the compilation of poems “The Empress Life”)
Authors: Berezkina Elena Petrovna , Zhornikova Mariya Nikolaevna
Published: March 2020

This article is dedicated to the autobiographical discourse in the compilation of poems “The Empress Life” by the national poet of Buryatia Andrey Rumyantsev.  The subject of research is the key images and motifs of Rumyantsev’s autobiographicallyrics, while the object is the poet’s lyrical biography. The author analyzes Andrey Rumyantsev’s poetry for the purpose of determination of the means of expression of autobiographical images and motifs in the texts created in form of poetic reminiscences. Most careful attention is given to the compositions dedicated to parents, grandparents, and sister of the poet. Methodology leans on the basic principle of biographical method, according to which personality of the writer defines the specificity of his works. The scientific novelty consists in conducting a motif-imagery analysis of Rumyantsev’s poetry from the perspectives of biographical method. The conclusion is formulated that the main motifs of Andrey Rumyantsev’s autobiographical lyrics is “great guilt”, “repentance”, and “responsibility” that encompass all poetic reminiscences of his loved ones – the key images of autobiographical lyrics. The specific approaches in creation of autobiographical images and motifs are revealed. Thus, the common for all images is the stance on labor and possession of physical fortitude. All female images are united by the motif of the hardship of being a woman, as well as righteousness semanticized through the concepts of “patience” and “love”. The mail images resemble bogatyrs (heroes of the Russian epic poems); the author also emphasizes their unity with the native nature.
Ways and mechanisms of symbolic development of work in the language (on the example of color terms in Spanish and Russian poetry of the XX century)
Authors: Karnaukhova Anastasiya Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

The subject of this research is the Russian and Spanish poetry of the XX century, while the object is the symbolization of color terms in Russian and Spanish poetry of the XX century, as well as ways and mechanisms of such symbolization. The author examines the symbolism of color terms associated with the images-symbols of plants, animals, precious stones, heavenly hosts, and natural phenomena in the Russian and Spanish poetry of the XX century. The poems of Federico Garcia Lorca, Joaquín Romero Murube, Antonio Machado. Vyacheslav Ivanov, Andrey Bely, and Irina Odoyevtseva served as the material for this research. Methodology also recalls to the conceptual linguistics (analysis of color terms as the significant elements of the sphere of concepts of Russian and Spanish languages), as well as mythopoetic school of literary studies (mythopoetic analysis). The main conclusions consist in the following statements: the poetry of the prominent Spanish poets of the early XX centuryAntonio Machado and Federico Garcia Lorca is characterized with the heightened symbolization of color terms, associated with the reference to the symbolic “correspondence theory of truth”. The search of correspondence between color terms, natural phenomena, precious gems, etc. is also common to the Russian poetry of the Silver Age. The scientific novelty consists in the profound analysis of multiple symbolically understood colors and color images characteristic to the Russian and Spanish poetry of that time. Both, Russian and Spanish poets of the XX century stayed off the simple colors, sacrificing them for the compound, symbolically understood color terms that require an additional interpretation from the reader.
Artistic dominant of the image of character of occupational novel
Authors: Gaganova Anna Anatolievna
Published: March 2020

The object of this research is the genre of occupational novel. The subject is the image of character of occupational novel. The goal consists in determination of artistic specificity of the image of character in the process of development of the genre. Russian literary works for the period of 1920’s – 1970’s united by the image of a man of labor became the material for this study. The evolution of the image of character is viewed on the sampling of representational works. The conclusions are made that at the stage of formation of the genre of occupational novel (1920’s – 1930’s) dominates the image of the reformer of the world. The next stage (1940’s – 1950’s) marks the character of the defender of reformed world. Then, in the 1960’s, it is followed by the character-rationalizer. The final chronological stage of history of the genre (1970’s) personifies the image of a young hero-seeker, defined by the professional calling in life. The scientific novelty consists in reference to the genre of occupational novel in its entire evolution from the perspective of philological instrumental analysis, while the earlier studies were characterized by political bias. The genre of occupational novel is separated from the literary trends of the XX century, and is divided into historical periods. The article suggests a systemic analysis of the image of character of occupational novel within the framework of evolution of the genre. The author is firs to highlight the key artistic attributes that represent an artistic dominant for the image of character at each stage of development of the genre.
Zones of cognitive misbalance in acquiring foreign language terminology and methods of distance learning for students of nonlinguistic specialties
Authors: Shirokikh Anna Yurievna
Published: March 2020

National specifics of the language manifests even in such determinate speech genres as the professionally oriented discourse, which main feature consists in the use of terms and terminological phrases. Despite the tendency to unification of terminological units on the international level along with phenomenon of the change of language code, the speech of specialists of subject fields features sociocultural, comparatively contrast from the interlingual perspective components in the content of terms. The goal of this work consists in determination of zones of the potential cognitive misbalance in interpretation of the content of terms, as well as in development of education plan on acquiring professionally oriented lexicon for the students of economic specialties based on the principles of blended learning. The primary task was to analyze the economic texts and determine the national specific elements in semantics of the term. Interlingual discrepancies in the content and interpretation of terms pertain to semantics and “false” equivalents, connotations, etymology, paradigmatic relations, nature and source of the borrowed words, derivative novels, content of use, and existence of synonyms. The next task was to define the rout for explication of these potential discrepancies in the native and studied language of the students in the course of learning. The glossary development on the online platform Google Classroom, which article included the listed above zones of interlingual receptive misbalance, was successfully applied in the audience. The novelty of this research lies in the attempt to develop a universal lunguo-didactic scheme of work for acquiring foreign language terminology, considering cross-cultural differences. The conclusion is made that the proposed scheme of work based on the principles of blended learning increases the professional knowledge of students and research skills, as well as contributes to better memorization of words.
Adaptation of hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate reductase enables volatile isoprenoid production
Authors: Bongers Mareike , Perez-Gil Jordi , Hodson Mark P , Schrübbers Lars , Wulff Tune , Sommer Morten OA , Nielsen Lars K , Vickers Claudia E
Published: March 2020

Volatile isoprenoids produced by plants are emitted in vast quantities into the atmosphere, with substantial effects on global carbon cycling. Yet, the molecular mechanisms regulating the balance between volatile and non-volatile isoprenoid production remain unknown. Isoprenoids are synthesised via sequential condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), with volatile isoprenoids containing fewer isopentenyl subunits. The DMAPP:IPP ratio could affect the balance between volatile and non-volatile isoprenoids, but the plastidic DMAPP:IPP ratio is generally believed to be similar across different species. Here we demonstrate that the ratio of DMAPP:IPP produced by hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate reductase (HDR/IspH), the final step of the plastidic isoprenoid production pathway, is not fixed. Instead, this ratio varies greatly across HDRs from phylogenetically distinct plants, correlating with isoprenoid production patterns. Our findings suggest that adaptation of HDR plays a previously unrecognised role in determining in vivo carbon availability for isoprenoid emissions, directly shaping global biosphere-atmosphere interactions.
HIPK4 is essential for murine spermiogenesis
Authors: Crapster J Aaron , Rack Paul G , Hellmann Zane J , Le Austen D , Adams Christopher M , Leib Ryan D , Elias Joshua E , Perrino John , Behr Barry , Li Yanfeng , Lin Jennifer , Zeng Hong , Chen James K
Published: March 2020

Mammalian spermiogenesis is a remarkable cellular transformation, during which round spermatids elongate into chromatin-condensed spermatozoa. The signaling pathways that coordinate this process are not well understood, and we demonstrate here that homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 4 (HIPK4) is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility in mice. HIPK4 is predominantly expressed in round and early elongating spermatids, and Hipk4 knockout males are sterile, exhibiting phenotypes consistent with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Hipk4 mutant sperm have reduced oocyte binding and are incompetent for in vitro fertilization, but they can still produce viable offspring via intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Optical and electron microscopy of HIPK4-null male germ cells reveals defects in the filamentous actin (F-actin)-scaffolded acroplaxome during spermatid elongation and abnormal head morphologies in mature spermatozoa. We further observe that HIPK4 overexpression induces branched F-actin structures in cultured fibroblasts and that HIPK4 deficiency alters the subcellular distribution of an F-actin capping protein in the testis, supporting a role for this kinase in cytoskeleton remodeling. Our findings establish HIPK4 as an essential regulator of sperm head shaping and potential target for male contraception.
Forskningsdata og lisenser
Authors: Ekanger Aysa
Published: March 2020

Presentasjon frå RDA-kurs i FAIR forskingsdatakuratering 2020
The mapping of information landscapes as a tool to develop IL
Authors: Whitworth Andrew
Published: March 2020

In her discussion of information literacy, Annemaree Lloyd (2010) developed the notion of the information landscape as a way of conceptualising the informational and technological resources arrayed around individuals and groups, and which they must learn to navigate. She alludes (p. 2) to the idea of mapping this landscape as a way by which actors learn these navigational skills and, thus, develop information literacy. But she offers no detail in this work or others regarding what mapping might actually mean as an educational practice, and how it might be employed in the teaching and learning of information literacy.

This paper will report on research conducted on data generated in different ways from a course in which mapping is integrated, as both a graphical and discursive practice. At the start of this course, students are asked to collaborate on drawing mind maps that depict their information landscape as they see it at this point, and these maps can be analysed as depictions of their information horizons, in ways similar to the study of Sonnenwald, Wildemuth and Harmon (2001). In addition, data have been generated from online discussions undertaken throughout the course, which record how within small groups, students negotiate and build the information landscape that they use to complete the course assessment. By suggesting and/or validating the judgments of members, the group develops an agreed-upon representation of their landscape that can be the basis for further judgments. Thus, from the dialogue emerges a discursive map of this landscape.

It will be argued that the process of negotiating this map is a productive one when considering how information literacy sklills can be developed in ways that will transfer effectively outside the university.
Creating a cross-disciplinary hub for active student learning in the library
Authors: Key Newton , Newell Zachary
Published: March 2020

Two recent technology-driven tendencies in library-faculty collaboration – (1) embedding librarians in the online components of courses, and (2) repurposing certain library spaces to become makerspaces – often embrace the learning strategy of focusing on students as creators. Booth Library at Eastern Illinois University, in collaboration with a faculty-led Faculty Development office and a Humanities Center, has advanced both the leveraging of technology in learning and the creation of a library makerspace, and added a third component, (3) placing an active learning classroom (ALC) connected to a design lab as the first stage of a Center for Student Innovation (CSI). This process, grounded in research on learning spaces and universal design, had led us to ask: what space best encourages creativity in the learning process?

We propose to showcase a “think-pair-share” card game to demonstrate how we are re-centering the library as a center for knowledge creation, and a space for promoting discovery, in a format that invites Creating Knowledge participants to fine-tune our model or advance alternatives. That is, the library is building collaborations for re-thinking space, and re-positioning the library as central to teaching and learning, to foster 21st century skills around information, communication, and ethical/social impact. The card game will demonstrate ways to help students and faculty to create knowledge, and how information as a product is modeled, remodeled and reinterpreted for pedagogically creative teaching and learning. The implementation of the CSI has stimulated larger discussions in the library and across campus about the role of a “future-present” library. How can faculty and students embrace discovery as a means rather than an end? What role does the library play in facilitating teaching and learning? What does the future library look like? The presentation and card game will answer these questions through audience feedback and participation.
Do two heads think better than one?
Authors: Kaalvik Hilde
Published: March 2020

Introduction: This study examines how 13 bachelor students on Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences experience collaborative learning on campus at NTNU. My purpose was to find out how students reflect upon collaborative learning face to face on Campus, especially according to learning outcome. The findings are based on empirical data. I investigate how they handle collaborative learning, problems they meet and choices they make while collaborating. My findings will be presented in five different main themes.  

Method: I analyzed three focus group interviews with 13 students using SDI-model and Nvivo12. I focused on the student’s descriptions and reflections of collaborative learning and learning outcome. 

Results: The students have a lot of reflections about collaborative learning in akademia. The analysis resulted in five different themes named ‘the teacher’s role’, ‘the role of friction’, ‘the role of being prepared’, ‘consciousness’ and ‘meaning making’.  

Conclusion: The study implies that to achieve desired effect of learning from collaborative learning the universities should continue to encourage active learning strategies. Especially important to succeed is the teacher’s role in scaffolding, the role of friction and the role of being prepared. The role of consciousness and meaning-making is also important in constructing and creating knowledge.  

This presentation main message is to show the role of collaborative learning on Campus according to why universities should continue to focus on a change in practice which include active learning strategies to succeed teaching.
Information literacy in the humanities
Authors: Petterson Karin , Svensson Anna
Published: March 2020

Many university libraries hold cultural heritage collections that are unknown to the majority of students. The digitisation of these collections offers new ways of working with primary sources, and with it, an increasing interest in archives and older collections. This development has made us reflect on our information literacy classes within the humanities. Are we too influenced by the STEM and social science interpretations of information literacy and their focus on the peer-reviewed article? We want to challenge this view and discuss what a humanities approach to information literacy could incorporate. 

We want to invite you to a discussion on how we can integrate archival material and other primary sources into our classes, thus broadening mainstream information literacy to include primary source literacy (see ACRL’s Guidelines for primary source literacy, 2018). Our understanding is that this topic is generally not discussed at Nordic information literacy conferences, and our literature review indicates that this field is mostly addressed by special collections librarians and archivists (Hauck & Robinson, 2018; Hubbard & Lotts, 2013; Samuelson & Coker, 2014). In addition, in digital humanities pedagogy, there is need for reflection on data or sources beyond “tool-based thinking” which this approach would open up for (Giannetti, 2017). 

We will share two examples of how we have engaged students with primary sources and discuss the pedagogical challenges and opportunities. Our aim has been to go beyond show and tell and let the students actively work with primary sources. One example, from the Master’s Program in Digital Humanities, involved working with digitised sources using the platform Omeka. In the other, first year students from the Department of Conservation explored primary sources from the Gothenburg Exhibition held in 1923. 

Hopefully, this round table can be a stepping-stone for forming a network where we continue to share our experiences.
A seven-year surveillance of epidemiology of malaria reveals travel and gender are the key drivers of dispersion of drug resistant genotypes in Kenya
Authors: Maraka Moureen , Akala Hoseah M. , Amolo Asito S. , Juma Dennis , Omariba Duke , Cheruiyot Agnes , Opot Benjamin , Okello Okudo Charles , Mwakio Edwin , Chemwor Gladys , Juma Jackline A. , Okoth Raphael , Yeda Redemptah , Andagalu Ben
Published: March 2020

Malaria drug resistance is a global public health concern. Though parasite mutations have been associated with resistance, other factors could influence the resistance. A robust surveillance system is required to monitor and help contain the resistance. This study established the role of travel and gender in dispersion of chloroquine resistant genotypes in malaria epidemic zones in Kenya. A total of 1,776 individuals presenting with uncomplicated malaria at hospitals selected from four malaria transmission zones in Kenya between 2008 and 2014 were enrolled in a prospective surveillance study assessing the epidemiology of malaria drug resistance patterns. Demographic and clinical information per individual was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Further, 2 mL of blood was collected for malaria diagnosis, parasitemia quantification and molecular analysis. DNA extracted from dried blood spots collected from each of the individuals was genotyped for polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine transporter gene (Pfcrt 76), Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistant gene 1 (Pfmdr1 86 and Pfmdr1 184) regions that are putative drug resistance genes using both conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. The molecular and demographic data was analyzed using Stata version 13 (College Station, TX: StataCorp LP) while mapping of cases at the selected geographic zones was done in QGIS version 2.18. Chloroquine resistant (CQR) genotypes across gender revealed an association with chloroquine resistance by both univariate model (p = 0.027) and by multivariate model (p = 0.025), female as reference group in both models. Prior treatment with antimalarial drugs within the last 6 weeks before enrollment was associated with carriage of CQR genotype by multivariate model (p = 0.034). Further, a significant relationship was observed between travel and CQR carriage both by univariate model (p = 0.001) and multivariate model (p = 0.002). These findings suggest that gender and travel are significantly associated with chloroquine resistance. From a gender perspective, males are more likely to harbor resistant strains than females hence involved in strain dispersion. On the other hand, travel underscores the role of transport network in introducing spread of resistant genotypes, bringing in to focus the need to monitor gene flow and establish strategies to minimize the introduction of resistance strains by controlling malaria among frequent transporters.
Differences of soil enzyme activities and its influencing factors under different flooding conditions in Ili Valley, Xinjiang
Authors: Zhang Yulu , Cui Dong , Yang Haijun , Kasim Nijat
Published: March 2020

Background

A wetland is a special ecosystem formed by the interaction of land and water. The moisture content variation will greatly affect the function and structure of the wetland internal system.

Method

In this paper, three kinds of wetlands with different flooding levels (Phragmites australis wetland (long-term flooding), Calamagrostis epigeios wetland(seasonal flooding) and Ditch millet wetland (rarely flooded)) in Ili Valley of Xinjiang China were selected as research areas. The changes of microbial biomass carbon, soil physical and chemical properties in wetlands were compared, and redundancy analysis was used to analyze the correlation between soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities (soil sucrase, catalase, amylase and urease). The differences of soil enzyme activities and its influencing factors under different flooding conditions in Ili Valley were studied and discussed.

Result

The results of this study were the following: (1) The activities of sucrase and amylase in rarely flooded wetlands and seasonally flooded wetlands were significantly higher than those in long-term flooded wetlands; the difference of catalase activity in seasonal flooded wetland was significant and the highest. (2) Redundancy analysis showed that soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus and soil microbial biomass carbon had significant effects on soil enzyme activity (p < 0.05). (3) The correlation between soil organic carbon and the sucrase activity, total phosphorus and the catalase activity was the strongest; while soil organic carbon has a significant positive correlation with invertase, urease and amylase activity, with a slight influence on catalase activity. The results of this study showed that the content of organic carbon, total phosphorus and other soil fertility factors in the soil would be increased and the enzyme activity would be enhanced if the flooding degree was changed properly.
Nik‐related kinase is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the chaperone‐dependent ubiquitin ligase CHIP
Authors: Naito Satomi , Fukushima Toshiaki , Endo Akinori , Denda Kimitoshi , Komada Masayuki
Published: March 2020

Nik‐related kinase (Nrk) is a member of the germinal center kinase IV family and suppresses Akt signaling. In vivo, Nrk prevents placental hyperplasia and breast cancer formation. Here, we show that Nrk is regulated by the chaperone‐dependent ubiquitin ligase carboxyl terminus of heat‐shock protein (Hsp)70‐interacting protein (CHIP). Immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis reveal that Nrk preferentially interacts with CHIP and Hsp70/90 family proteins. Nrk protein levels are decreased by CHIP overexpression and increased by siRNA‐mediated CHIP knockdown. Our results indicate that Nrk is ubiquitinated by CHIP in a chaperone‐dependent manner, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. CHIP targets a fraction of Nrk molecules that have lost the ability to regulate Akt signaling. We conclude that CHIP plays an important role in regulating Nrk protein levels.
Collagen Microfibers Induce Blood Capillary Orientation and Open Vascular Lumen
Authors: Liu Hao , Kitano Shiro , Irie Shinji , Levato Riccardo , Matsusaki Michiya
Published: March 2020

Achieving vascularization of engineered tissues or structures is a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. Hitherto, studies on vascularization have demonstrated limited control of vascular network geometry, such as vasculature direction and network density. An open vascular lumen is crucial to ensure that cells survive and that metabolic activity is fully functional in large‐sized tissues. Herein, a method based on high water‐dispersible collagen microfibers (CMF) to fabricate capillary orientation‐controllable 3D tissue with an open vascular lumen using a dispensing machine is reported. A twenty micrometers‐long CMF (CMF‐20) with high dispersion property are shown to be more effective for dispensing a homogenous tissue and inducing formation of an interconnected capillary network than two hundred micrometers‐long CMF (CMF‐200). One of the advantages is the prevention of shrinkage on the z‐axis of hydrogel‐based tissue which acts as a microscaffold. The gaps between the fibers can support endothelial cell migration and maturation, thus forming a larger vascular lumen compared to CMF‐free controls. Besides, shear forces produced by the dispensing process cause the collagen microfibers to align, and these microfibers guide cell alignment by integrin‐induced adhesion. The findings based on CMF to allow blood capillary alignment and vascular lumen stabilization will be an important technology in tissue engineering.
New Precision Engineering Methods for Low‐Cost Mass Production of Functional Giant Magnetic Glass‐Coated Particles as Immune Biomarkers
Authors: Song Suk-Heung , Lim Sujeong , Choi Hye-Yeon , Kim Ju-Ho , Jung Yong-Gyun , Park Wook
Published: March 2020

Advances in diverse diagnostic areas such as in vitro and molecular diagnoses have been stimulated by novel functional particles. In the industrialization stage of the diagnostic technology market, it is important to manufacture functional particles through low‐cost and large‐scale methods. Conventional methods in manufacturing magnetic particles typically involve modifying the surface of nano‐sized metal pieces with silica. These pieces are often suspended in a liquid state and difficult to separate, resulting in practical limitations during bioassay tests. A key factor in the manufacture of uniform magnetic particles is the mass production process. Herein, a new precision engineering method that focuses on rapid and cost‐effective mass production of uniform magnetic particles is presented, combining the cutting of magnetic microwires with electro‐opto‐micromachining techniques. The resulting giant magnetic glass‐coated particles have a high degree of uniformity and strong magnetic properties. They can be easily manipulated without the aid of a surfactant, and no particles are lost during bioassays. As biosensors, they offer high sensitivity and can be used in multiplexed immunoassays.
Advances and Challenges in White Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Fresta Elisa , Costa Rubén D.
Published: March 2020

Since the birth of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) in 1995, white LECs (WLECs) still represent a milestone. To date, over 50 contributions have been reported, presenting record WLECs with brightness of up to 10 000 cd m−2, efficiencies of >10 cd A−1, and excellent color rendering index >90 in different contributions. This is achieved following three main strategies focused on modifying: i) the design of the emitters, that is, emissive aggregates, multiemissive mechanism, multifluorophoric emitters; ii) the active layer composition, that is, host–guest, multilayers, exciplex‐ and electroplex‐like emitting species systems; and iii) the device architecture, that is, tandem, photoactive filters, and microcavity/interfacial dipole effects. Herein, all of them are comprehensively discussed with respect to the above strategies in the frame of the type of emitters employed. Overall, this work highlights both the advances and challenges of the WLEC field.