bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alien species and the EU Water Framework Directive: a comparative assessment of European approaches
Authors: Boon Philip J. , Clarke Stacey A. , Copp Gordon H.
Published: February 2020

Although the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) does not refer explicitly to alien species (AS), it is clear that invasive AS (IAS) are considered a pressure on WFD water bodies. This article discusses the results of a questionnaire sent to all EU Member States, demonstrating considerable variability in the way that AS data are used in implementing the WFD. Responses were received from 18 countries.
Most countries define AS in a similar way, but there are discrepancies, for example, in the use of historical dates to determine whether or not a species is considered non-native biogeographically. All countries have developed lists of AS, but those specific for WFD assessments are only used at present in the UK and the Republic of Ireland.
Few countries monitor AS specifically for the WFD, or assess the risk that IAS are likely to cause water bodies to fail to achieve Good Ecological Status. This article discusses the results of a questionnaire sent to all EU Member States, demonstrating considerable variability in the way that AS data are used in implementing the WFD. Perhaps the most important difference among countries is in the use of AS data in WFD classification; many countries assume that classification methods take account of the impacts of AS, whereas separate ‘downgrading’ procedures that modify classification based on the presence and impact of IAS are used more rarely. New approaches merit further consideration, such as the application of ‘biopollution indices’ to highlight the impact of AS without affecting WFD classification. Alien species feature to some extent in river basin management plans, but more emphasis on action is needed. In addition, closer links with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and with the 2014 EU Regulation on alien species are required to improve the control of aquatic AS.
Cellulose from the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca: isolation, characterization, optotracing, and production of cellulose nanofibrils
Authors: Wahlström Niklas , Edlund Ulrica , Pavia Henrik , Toth Gunilla , Jaworski Aleksander , Pell Andrew J. , Choong Ferdinand X. , Shirani Hamid , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Richter-Dahlfors Agneta
Published: February 2020

We report (1) successful extraction and characterization of cellulose from northern hemisphere green macroalgae Ulva lactuca (Ulva fenestrata) collected along the Swedish west coast and cultivated indoors under controlled conditions, followed by (2) its utilization in the production of lignin-free cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). Cellulose was extracted by sequential treatment with ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid, yielding a cellulose-rich insoluble fraction. The extracted cellulose was disintegrated into CNF using a mechanical homogenization process without any further enzymatic pre-treatments. In addition, regenerated cellulose was prepared. XRD characterization of the CNF showed characteristic peaks for the cellulose I allomorph and confirmed that the nanofibrils were semicrystalline with a crystallinity index of 48%. Regenerated cellulose was mostly amorphous with an XRD pattern indicating the presence of the cellulose II allomorph. The cellulose fractions were essentially free from inorganic substances and thermally stable up to around 260 °C. Structural mapping with CP-MAS 13C-NMR sustains the cellulose content of CNF and regenerated cellulose, respectively, yet ion chromatography identified the presence of 10–15% xylose in the fractions. Optotracing was used as a novel and non-disruptive tool to selectively assess the polysaccharide composition of the cellulose fractions and produced CNF aiming to shed light on this hitherto non-resolved origin of xylose in Ulva cell wall matter. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of a panel of 4 oligothiophenes identified and verified the presence of cellulose and sustain the conclusion that the isolated fractions consist of cellulose intertwined with a small amount of a xylose-containing glucan copolymer.

Graphic abstract
Growth of PbBr2 microrods with unique structure and surface morphology
Authors: Ahmad Zubair , Mishra Arti
Published: February 2020

We describe an innovative method to fabricate the one-dimensional (1D) microrods of lead bromide (PbBr2). The microrods possess unique structural and morphological properties. XRD, FESEM and HRTEM analysis exhibited a well-ordered growth and a crack-free arrangement of the microcrystals in rod shapes. XPS, Raman and FTIR studies were performed to investigate the composition and chemical structure of the rods. TGA and DSC investigations were made to investigate the thermal stability of microrods. The growth of these unique 1D microrods represents an innovative concept in material design and synthesis, which can foster a revolutionary research in the field of perovskite crystals.
Bilingualism Is Associated with a Delayed Onset of Dementia but Not with a Lower Risk of Developing it: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses
Authors: Brini Stefano , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Hebert Jeffrey J. , Forrest Mitchell R. L. , Laine Matti , Hämäläinen Heikki , Karrasch Mira , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Martins Ralph N. , Fairchild Timothy J.
Published: February 2020

Some studies have linked bilingualism with a later onset of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Not all studies have observed such relationships, however. Differences in study outcomes may be due to methodological limitations and the presence of confounding factors within studies such as immigration status and level of education. We conducted the first systematic review with meta-analysis combining cross-sectional studies to explore if bilingualism might delay symptom onset and diagnosis of dementia, AD, and MCI. Primary outcomes included the age of symptom onset, the age at diagnosis of MCI or dementia, and the risk of developing MCI or dementia. A secondary outcome included the degree of disease severity at dementia diagnosis. There was no difference in the age of MCI diagnosis between monolinguals and bilinguals [mean difference: 3.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI): −3.4, 9.7]. Bilinguals vs. monolinguals reported experiencing AD symptoms 4.7 years (95% CI: 3.3, 6.1) later. Bilinguals vs. monolinguals were diagnosed with dementia 3.3 years (95% CI: 1.7, 4.9) later. Here, 95% prediction intervals showed a large dispersion of effect sizes (−1.9 to 8.5). We investigated this dispersion with a subgroup meta-analysis comparing studies that had recruited participants with dementia to studies that had recruited participants with AD on the age of dementia and AD diagnosis between mono- and bilinguals. Results showed that bilinguals vs. monolinguals were 1.9 years (95% CI: −0.9, 4.7) and 4.2 (95% CI: 2.0, 6.4) older than monolinguals at the time of dementia and AD diagnosis, respectively. The mean difference between the two subgroups was not significant. There was no significant risk reduction (odds ratio: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.68–1.16) in developing dementia among bilinguals vs. monolinguals. Also, there was no significant difference (Hedges’g = 0.05; 95% CI: −0.13, 0.24) in disease severity at dementia diagnosis between bilinguals and monolinguals, despite bilinguals being significantly older. The majority of studies had adjusted for level of education suggesting that education might not have played a role in the observed delay in dementia among bilinguals vs. monolinguals. Although findings indicated that bilingualism was on average related to a delayed onset of dementia, the magnitude of this relationship varied across different settings. This variation may be due to unexplained heterogeneity and different sources of bias in the included studies. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42015019100.
GangstaLife: Fusing Urban Ethnography with Netnography in Gang Studies
Authors: Urbanik Marta-Marika , Roks Robert A.
Published: February 2020

Recent research on street-involved populations has documented their online presence and has highlighted the effects of their online presentations on their lives in the real world. Given the increasing conflation between the online and offline world, contemporary urban ethnographers should pay increased attention to their participants’ online presence and interactions. However, methodological training of this sort is still in its infancy stages and has not yet evolved to guide the growing number of researchers undertaking this form of research. This article draws from our experiences using social media in our urban ethnographies with criminally involved groups, to examine the benefits, risks, and challenges of drawing on social media in urban ethnography. It is intended to serve as a foundational piece that will hopefully ignite scholarly dialogue, debate, and methodological training relating to deploying social media in urban—and specifically—gang ethnography.
Forest Humus Type Governs Heavy Metal Accumulation in Specific Organic Matter Fractions
Authors: Lasota Jarosław , Błońska Ewa , Łyszczarz Stanisław , Tibbett Mark
Published: February 2020

Soils have the potential to accumulate heavy metals and the capacity to do so is strongly related the properties of each soil. Soil organic matter is a key factor in the retention, release, and bioavailability of heavy metals, and here we have determined the accumulation of heavy metals in various types of humus in the Rybnik Forest District in southern Poland. In a novel approach, we analyzed relationships between heavy metals within soil organic matter fractions and evaluated the role of organic fractions in mediating metal mobility. Specifically, we tested whether (i) the type of forest humus determines the heavy metal accumulation; (ii) heavy metals accumulation is associated with soil organic matter fractions; and (iii) heavy metals have an inhibitory influence on biochemical properties especially enzymes activity in different humus types. Four types of humus were sampled (mor, moder, moder-mull, mull), physically fractioned, and a number of chemical and biochemical properties were analyzed. Calculated geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) confirmed soil pollution with Cd and Pb. The type of humus differed in the accumulation of heavy metals, which is associated to the variable concentration of organic matter remaining at each decay class. We found no relationship between enzymatic activity and heavy metals concentration except for a positive correlation between urease activity and nickel concentration. Considering wider evidence, we propose a biogeochemical link between nickel deposition and the production of soil-borne urease in these forest soils.
Linosporopsis, a new leaf-inhabiting scolecosporous genus in Xylariaceae
Authors: Voglmayr Hermann , Beenken Ludwig
Published: February 2020

Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence, the new genusLinosporopsis(Xylariales) is established for several species previously classified withinLinospora(Diaporthales). Fresh collections ofLinospora ischnothecafrom dead overwintered leaves ofFagus sylvaticaand ofL. ochraceafrom dead overwintered leaves ofMalus domestica,Pyrus communis, andSorbus intermediawere isolated in pure culture, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multi-locus matrix of partial nuITS-LSU rDNA,RPB2andTUB2sequences as well as morphological investigations revealed that both species are unrelated to the diaporthalean genusLinospora, but belong to Xylariaceae sensu stricto. The new combinationsLinosporopsis ischnothecaandL. ochraceaare proposed, the species are described and illustrated, and their basionyms lecto- and epitypified.Linospora fagineais synonymized withL. ischnotheca. Based on similar morphology and ecology,Linospora carpiniandLinospora magnagutianafrom dead leaves ofCarpinus betulusandSorbus torminalis, respectively, are also combined inLinosporopsis. The four accepted species ofLinosporopsisare illustrated, a key to species is provided and their ecology is discussed.
Process model for the successful implementation and demonstration of SME-based industry 4.0 showcases in global production networks
Authors: Peukert S. , Treber S. , Balz S. , Haefner B. , Lanza G.
Published: February 2020

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many of which operate as suppliers in global production networks (GPN), often times lack behind large enterprises in terms of Industry 4.0 implementation. For this reason, scientific contributions recommend SMEs to approach Industry 4.0 through pilot projects in which individual Industry 4.0 use cases are developed and implemented. Hence, to allow for a targeted development and implementation of Industry 4.0 use cases for SMEs in GPN, this paper proposes a five-step process model that seeks to make use of Industry 4.0 potentials in terms of increased product qualities and logistics performances within such networks. In contrast to existing process models, this paper follows a holistic approach that initially focuses on the identification of potential problems that impede increased product qualities and logistics performances. Building upon these problems, potential Industry 4.0 solutions are derived and transferred into use cases using a structured idea generation and selection process. After the successful implementation of the use case, the procedure is completed by the conversion of the use case into a showcase that might serve as a lighthouse project illustrating the potentials of Industry 4.0 for other production network partners. For testing its practicability, the procedure is exemplarily applied to the GPN of an automotive supplier.
Einstellungen und Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen von Lehramtsstudierenden bezüglich inklusiven Unterrichts: Zusammenhänge mit Kontakterfahrungen und Grundlagenkenntnissen über schulische Inklusion
Authors: Greiner Franziska , Taskinen Päivi , Kracke Bärbel
Published: February 2020

Positive Einstellungen und hohe Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen der Lehrkräfte gelten als zentrale Gelingensbedingungen schulischer Inklusion. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob Einstellungen und Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen bezüglich inklusiven Unterrichts mit Grundlagenkenntnissen über schulische Inklusion sowie mit inklusionsbezogenen Kontakterfahrungen zusammenhängen. Die Stichprobe umfasst Lehramtsstudierende weiterführender Schulen im ersten (n = 197) und im dritten Studienjahr (n = 279). Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Einstellungen und Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen von Studierenden am Anfang und in der Mitte des Studiums neutral bis tendenziell positiv ausgeprägt sind. Zudem zeigen sich in der Subgruppe der fortgeschrittenen Studierenden die persönlichen Kontakterfahrungen als bedeutsam für die Höhe der Einstellungen und die selbsteingeschätzten Grundlagenkenntnisse als bedeutsam für die Höhe der Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen. Aus den Ergebnissen können Impulse für die Lehrkräftebildung generiert werden, da leicht veränderbare Faktoren – Kontakterfahrungen mit Inklusion und Grundlagenkenntnisse über Inklusion in der Schule – identifiziert wurden, die für die Ausprägung von inklusionsbezogenen Einstellungen und Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen relevant sind.
Microfluidically prepared sensor particles for determination of chloride by fluorescence quenching of matrix-embedded lucigenin
Authors: Kronfeld Klaus-Peter , Ellinger Thomas , Köhler J. Michael
Published: February 2020

Polyacrylamide sensor particles have been synthesized by using a microfluidic arrangement for generation of microdroplets containing a reaction mixture for forming gel microparticles. The droplets are formed in an inert carrier liquid immiscible with the reaction mixture based on aqueous solutions. Gel particles are formed in situ by photochemical initiation of polymerization inside droplets using an UV-sensitive photoinitiator. In result, water-swellable spheres with submillimetre size are obtained. Those spheres were loaded with N,N′-dimethyl-9,9′-biacridinium dinitrate (lucigenin) as ion selective fluorescence probe for chloride. The particles can be dried, stored and re-swollen. Upon exposure of dried particles to sodium chloride solutions they showed dynamic fluorescence quenching obeying the linear plot of Stern–Volmer-equation between 0 and 130 mM Cl−. Thus, chloride concentrations up to 50 mM could be measured with appropriate accuracy. The particles allow a fast optical determination of chloride in tiny analyte volumes down to below ten microliters.

Graphic abstract
Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia: 2019 Update
Authors: Bennett Brad L. , Hew-Butler Tamara , Rosner Mitchell H. , Myers Thomas , Lipman Grant S.
Published: February 2020

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is defined by a serum or plasma sodium concentration below the normal reference range of 135 mmol·L-1 that occurs during or up to 24 h after prolonged physical activity. It is reported to occur in individual physical activities or during organized endurance events conducted in environments in which medical care is limited and often not available, and patient evacuation to definitive care is often greatly delayed. Rapid recognition and appropriate treatment are essential in the severe form to increase the likelihood of a positive outcome. To mitigate the risk of EAH mismanagement, care providers in the prehospital and in hospital settings must differentiate from other causes that present with similar signs and symptoms. EAH most commonly has overlapping signs and symptoms with heat exhaustion and exertional heat stroke. Failure in this regard is a recognized cause of worsened morbidity and mortality. In an effort to produce best practice guidelines for EAH management, the Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel in May 2018. The panel was charged with updating the WMS Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia published in 2014 using evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of EAH. Recommendations are made based on presenting with symptomatic EAH, particularly when point-of-care blood sodium testing is unavailable in the field. These recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence and balanced between the benefits and risks/burdens for each parameter according to the methodology stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians.
Oldest Immiscible Silica‐rich Melt on the Moon Recorded in a ~4.38 Ga Zircon
Authors: Zeng Xiaojia , Joy Katherine H. , Li Shijie , Lin Yangting , Wang Nian , Li Xiongyao , Li Yang , Hao Jialong , Liu Jianzhong , Wang Shijie
Published: February 2020

The temporal duration of lunar‐evolved magmatism is still poorly constrained. In lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 10049, a melt inclusion‐bearing zircon fragment provides a new tool to understand the composition and age of the melts from which zircon directly crystallized. The studied zircon‐hosted melt inclusions are silica rich and iron poor (e.g., ~80–90 wt% SiO2; <0.5 wt% FeO), compositionally similar with immiscible silica‐rich melts found in Apollo rocks. Nano‐SIMS U–Pb analyses of the zircon yielded a minimum crystallization age of 4,382 ± 40 Ma, older than the ages for Apollo highly evolved alkali suite lithologies (~3.8–4.33 Ga). Our study shows that the melt inclusion‐bearing zircon in NWA 10049 is the oldest microscale evidence for documenting immiscible silica‐rich melts in lunar samples, suggesting that lunar‐evolved silica‐rich melts were prevalent as early as ~4.38 Ga. This work implies that there would be a prolonged silicic magmatism occurred on the Moon.
Crystal Fractionation by Crystal‐Driven Convection
Authors: Culha Cansu , Suckale Jenny , Keller Tobias , Qin Zhipeng
Published: February 2020

Fractional crystallization is an essential process proposed to explain worldwide compositional abundances of igneous rocks. It requires crystals to precipitate from the melt and segregate from its residual melt, or experience crystal fractionation. The compositional abundances of volcanic systems show a bell curve distribution suggesting that the process has variable efficiencies. We test crystal fractionation efficiency in convective flow in low to intermediate crystallinity regime. We simulate the physical segregation of crystals from their residual melt at the scale of individual crystals, using a direct numerical method. We find that at low particle Reynolds numbers, crystals sink in clusters. The relatively rapid motion of clusters strips away residual melt. Our results show cluster settling can imprint observational signatures at the crystalline scale. The collective crystal behavior results in a crystal convection that governs the efficiency of crystal fractionation, providing a possible explanation for the bell curve distribution in volcanic systems.
Mechanism of Mg extraction from MgMn2O4during acid digestion
Authors: Ariyoshi Kingo , Masuda Shumpei
Published: February 2020

The Mg extraction process of MgMn2O4was studied by chemical digestion in HNO3at different concentrations and reaction times. Mg extraction from MgMn2O4is a two-step two-phase reaction,viathe intermediate Mg0.5Mn2O4to the fully oxidised Mn2O4.
Enhanced light extraction from organic light-emitting devices through non-covalent or covalent polyimide–silica light scattering hybrid films
Authors: Yen Jui-Hua , Wang Yi-Jyun , Hsieh Chung-An , Chen Yung-Chung , Chen Li-Yin
Published: February 2020

In this work, two polyimide/silica composites were prepared via physical blending (A series) and chemical bonding (B series) and compared for light extraction from organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs).
The role of worldviews in the governance of sustainable mobility
Authors: Chuang Frank , Manley Ed , Petersen Arthur
Published: February 2020

Significance

In sustainability policy-making, a critical task is to value present and future needs in order to realize good quality of life. To analyze complex ideas of how people interpret reality, develop value orientations, and define needs and the good life, the notion of worldviews proved to be useful. We use worldviews to study how people of distinct ways of life perceive and assess sustainable mobility issues. Through exploring three worldviews (egalitarianism, hierarchy, and individualism), our results map across British people’s attitudes to mobility debates in terms of the economic, environmental, social, and political dimensions. In so doing, our study demonstrates a framework for identifying what behavioral and institutional barriers hinder the transformations needed to achieve better cities and societies.
PD-1+ stemlike CD8 T cells are resident in lymphoid tissues during persistent LCMV infection
Authors: Im Se Jin , Konieczny Bogumila T , Hudson William H. , Masopust David , Ahmed Rafi
Published: February 2020

Significance

T cell immunity is important in the control of chronic viral infections and cancer. Recent studies have identified a population of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1+) stemlike CD8 T cells that provide the proliferative burst after PD-1–directed immunotherapy. In this study, we have examined the migratory properties of these stemlike CD8 T cells using the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. We show that these quiescent stemlike CD8 T cells do not circulate and are resident in lymphoid tissues, providing a protective niche for their maintenance during chronic infection. These results raise important questions regarding the role of specialized niches within lymphoid tissues and for developing new immunotherapeutic approaches targeting these PD-1+ stemlike CD8 T cells.
Effectiveness of sediment flushing by using under sluice flush canal
Authors: Safanpo A , Suripin  , Hadihardaja I K
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of sediment flushing system of under sluice channel at a floodway. An empirical model of under sluice flushing were built to determine its effectiveness. The object model of this study was the Sedayulawas floodway, located in Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. This study used Hydraulic Physical Model Test. The model conducted in the Laboratory of Surakarta River Center. The variables of this study were sediment weight of flush sediment, upstream water level, sediment mass density, sediment diameter, current velocity, and water discharge. The result of this research discovers that the upstream water level, sediment mass density, sediment diameter, current velocity, and the water discharge, directly proportional towards the weight of the flush sediment.
Evaluation of factors contributing to wave-in-deck using pushover analysis for fixed jacket structures
Authors: Yee N C , Johan A , Kajuputra A E , Pangestu L A
Published: February 2020

Wave in deck (WID) phenomenon of a wave hitting on the topside for fixed jacket platforms at shallow water condition has been reported as a notable risk to the workability and reliability of these structures. When hydrocarbon from the seabed is extracted for an extended period of time, there might be a reduction in pressure, which allows subsidence to happen. A platform experiencing subsidence promotes the decrease in air gaps, which eventually allows the waves to attack the bottom decks. The impact of the WID generates additional loads to the structure and therefore increases the values of the moment arms. Higher moment arms trigger instability in terms of overturning, which eventually decreases the reserve strength ratio (RSR) values of the structure. The mechanics of WIDs, however, are still not well understood and have not been fully incorporated into the design codes and standards. Therefore, there is a need to revisit the current design codes and standards for platform design optimization. This paper aims at evaluating the effect of RSR values due to WID on four-legged jacket platforms in Malaysia. Base shear values with regards to calibration and modifications of wave characteristics are obtained by numerical simulations. Correspondingly, pushover analysis was conducted to retrieve the RSR. The effects of the contributing factors, namely wave height, wave period, and water depth with regards to the RSR and base shear values, are expected to be analyzed and thoroughly discussed. The work illustrated in this paper is important in optimizing the design life of the existing and aging offshore structures. Outcomes of this research are expected to provide an additional evaluation of the WID mechanics and in return, contribute to the current mitigation strategies in managing the issue.
Experimental investigation on strength improvement of lateritic Halmahera soil using quicklime stabilization
Authors: Saing Z , Ibrahim M H , Irianto
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of quicklime on soil strength performance of lateritic Halmahera soil (LHS) on a particular mixture composition. The Lateritic soil consists of three types based on its iron content from three different location in Eastern Halmahera Island. Soil sample labeled according to iron contents, that is LHS-1 for low iron content, LHS-2 for medium iron content, and LHS-3 for high iron content. Soil physical properties were obtained from laboratory test according to ASTM testing standard. The soil sample was mixed with 3, 5, 7, and 10% quicklime addition on maximum dry density (MDD) condition from Proctor standard laboratory test results. The sample were cured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days before being tested for unconfined compression strength (UCT) test. The results was found that the significant effect of iron content to increase strength. The higher of iron content, then strength increases, it is the novelty of this research and differentiate laterite Halmahera soil with other laterite soil in Indonesia. Therefore, the lateritic Halmahera soil potential to be used as road and construction materials.
Dynamics urban development to the carrying capacity of agricultural land Maros Region Province South Sulawesi
Authors: Ihsan  , Rasyid A R , Asfan L O M , Yanti S A
Published: February 2020

The development of Maros tends to influence the development of the surrounding areas. The presidential Regulation no. 55 in 2011 the establishment of Mamminasata metropolitan areas (Makassar - Maros - Sungguminasa - Takalar) became one of the National Strategic Areas (KSN) in Indonesia, where Maros’ one of the main functions in agriculture. The purpose is to study the dynamism of urban development based on the demographic, economic and physical aspects of the developed areas as well as seeing the relevance of urban development towards the agricultural lands supporting the capacity in Maros Regency, and to become the considerable basis for spatial planning in Maros Regency. The approach uses the analysis of the dynamism of urban area development, and the analysis is done by looking at the demographic aspects, such as population, economy, and the physical built area especially in the built area itself. Analyzing the carrying capacity of agricultural lands, this analysis is intended to see the availability of existing agricultural lands based on land use, and the relevance of urban development towards the carrying capacity of agricultural lands in Maros Regency.
Identification of water origin model in the West Tompaso Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Riogilang H , Djamaluddin I , Kaseke O H , Herawaty R
Published: February 2020

Sixteen water samples were collected from the river, spring, and hot spring at the West Tompaso in Minahasa Region, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The water types were identified as Ca-HCO3, Ca-SO4, Na-HCO3, Na-SO4, and H-SO4. The samples water of TS-1, TS-02, TS-03, TS-04, WT-11, and T-12 are Ca-HCO3 type. The origin of this water type is shallow groundwater. Another water samples of TS-05, TS-06, TS-07, GS-13, GS-14, and GS-15 are Ca-SO4 type. These water types were identified as hot springs. Two samples of water of WT-10 and WT-16 are Na-HCO3 type. These waters come from the confined aquifer. The sample water of BK-08 is Na-SO4 type. This water is saline affected water and comes from the hot spring. BK-9 is H-SO4 type. This water type is steam-heated water and rich acidic water. All samples of water origin are shallow groundwater and surface water. Shallow groundwater model at the West Tompaso was developed.
Utilization of geospatial information for recovery and rehabilitation from the northern Kyushu heavy rainfall disaster in July 2017
Authors: Kameyama N , Mitani Y , Taniguchi H , Okajima Y
Published: February 2020

Unexpected torrential rains have occurred recently due to global warming. There is “limits of public help” in such a disaster. Therefore, “self-help” and “mutual help” become more important to protect lives. Improving these helps enhances disaster resilience. The purpose of this research is to propose initiatives utilizing geospatial information in recovery and rehabilitation phases and to indicate the effects of using geospatial information in the initiatives. The initiatives have conducted for rehabilitation in Toho village, which was damaged by the Northern Kyushu Heavy Rainfall Disaster in July 2017. One initiative is formulating a rehabilitation plan. Meetings are held to reflect residents’ opinions to the plan; using the map is useful to collect and share the opinions. Residents could discuss concrete future visions by using a map, and the rehabilitation plan reflected the opinions of residents could be published. The other initiative is Risk Communication. Many kinds of geospatial information are collected in it, and the Risk Map is published. The map shows the dangerous places and evacuation sites, and residents could understand their location, then the map enhanced disaster resilience.
Effect of buton’s granular asphalt gradation on marshall stability of cold emulsified asphalt mixtures under wet condition
Authors: One La , Tjaronge M W , Irmawaty R , Hustim M
Published: February 2020

This study aims to compare the performance of Cold Mix Asphalt with Buton’s Granular Asphalt taking into account gradation of BGA and gradation of BGA Mineral in a combined gradation under wet condition. The specimens were made with optimum bitumen content of 8%, water content of 5%, and Buton’s Granular Asphalt content of 6-13.5%. Marshall Stability testing refers to National Standard of Indonesia number 06-2489-1991. The maximal Marshall Stability of CEAM under wet condition which takes into account gradation of BGA in combined gradation is obtained at BGA content of 11.75%. The maximal Marshall Stability of CEAM under wet condition which takes into account gradation of BGAM in combined gradation is obtained at BGA content of 11%. The Marshall stability of CEAM taking into account BGA gradation in combined gradation were higher of 3-14% than which takes into account the gradation of BGA Mineral. Therefore, design gradation of Cold Mix Asphalt using Buton’s Granular Asphalt which be recommended in The Construction and Building Guideline, Public Work Department of Republic of Indonesia of 2006, should be revised to take into account gradation of BGA in combined gradation.
Preliminary study on early compressive strength of foam concrete using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Composite Cement (PCC)
Authors: Sunarno Y , Tjaronge M W , Irmawaty R
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the initial characteristics of foam concrete mixtures. This performance, using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Composite Cement (PPC) were examined for its density and compressive strength on day 1, 3 and 7. In addition, the production process was initiated by formulating a mix of foam solvent, simultaneously creating the mortar, with the use of OPC or PPC, followed by the individual integration of a foaming solvent. Furthermore, after density evaluation, a specimen is produced with the cylinder cast, in a diameter of about 150 mm, and length of 300 mm, containing individual water and atmosphere curing. The density obtained was higher than the outcome of air curing tests, which decreased continuously with the concrete age. Furthermore, the compressive strength measured was relatively lower in water curing testing, using PCC, and on day 7it w was up to 3.46 MPa, or 73.5%, which seems to be lower than the record obtained with the use of OPC, which was about 3.94 MPa. At similar age, the value obtained for air curing with PCC reached 4.52 MPa or 96.0%, exhibiting a lesser value than OPC (4.71 MPa).
Study of Laston BC durability and permeability using coconut shell addition materials
Authors: Tandibua J , Rachman R , Tanijaya J
Published: February 2020

Durability is the ability of asphalt concrete to accept repetition of traffic loads, friction, and weather and climate wear, while permeability is the ability of pavement surfaces to hold water seepage into pavement. Besides, the pore volume in the mixture is one of the most important AC-WC characteristics which are related to the level of water impermeability in the pavement layers. The purposes of this study is to investigates the effect of adding coconut fibers by 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% on durability and permeability the surface layer of Laston BC. The results obtained are the stability of the asphalt mixture in accepting the load without changing the plastic shape and following the trend of the 2nd order polynomial line. VIM values tend to rise then decrease until 48 hours immersion. It is found that the use of coconut fibers improved the impermeability properties of the surface layer of Laston BC. The value of mixed flow is influenced by the addition of coconut fibers, where if the fibers increase to 1%, then the flow will decrease. The durability value due to the addition of 1% and 1.5% coconut fibers can only be tolerated at the submergence limit of Laston BC for 30 hours while the addition of coconut fibers from 0% to 2% Laston BC can only submerged for 12 hours. The permeability values of the mixture decreases by 0.51 cm/sec for each addition of 0.5% coconut fibers.
The potential utilization of rice straw ash as cement replacement in mortar material
Authors: Mahmuda A F , Tjaronge M W , Amiruddin A A
Published: February 2020

This paper explored the suitability of rice straw ash, cement and water to produce mortar. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the possibility of using rice straw ash in mortar mixes as cement replacement to reduce the environmental effects of cement manufacture. For this purpose the mechanical properties of mortar mixes were compared with control samples. This study focused on the parameters of compressive strength. The rice straw ash used in this study was in the form of granules of about finer than 0.075 mm diameter which would replace (by weight of cement) a portion of the binder of an equal size (0.075 mm). In this investigation, four different percentages of cement replacement were used and air curing has been applied. Based on the result, air curing condition showed that the hardener mortar can be produced and exhibited the decreasing of compressive strength of mortar from 100% cement to 70% cement.
Flexural toughness of concrete with aggregate substitution (steel fiber, crumb rubber and tire chips)
Authors: Irmawaty R , Parung H , Asad Abdurrahman M , Nur Qalbi I
Published: February 2020

Concrete is a construction material that has been used widely in various constructions. For constructions located in seismic areas, require a material that behaves ductile during an earthquake. To obtain ductile concrete behavior, it can be substituted materials such as steel fiber and waste rubber tires. This study aims to determine the flexural toughness of concrete with steel fiber and waste rubber tires substitution. Specimens with dimensions of 100 x 100 x 400 mm with the substitution of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% of Dramix Steel Fiber; 10%, 20%, and 30% of crumb rubber and tire chips. The greater amount of steel fibers in the concrete, the greater value of flexural toughness. The substitution of 7.5% steel fiber, increasing the value of flexural toughness three times than the control specimens. While the number of crumb rubber and tire chips are variations, giving a value of varying flexural toughness. Flexural toughness achieved optimum value for substitution of 10% crumb rubber, where the energy absorption is 6386.225 Nmm.
Characteristics study of buton granular asphalt as filling material of column
Authors: Erdawaty  , Samang L , Muhiddin A B , Arsyad A
Published: February 2020

Granular Asbuton is a natural material that occurred millions of years ago. Asbuton is a huge natural asphalt reserve. The bitumen content of Asbuton is located in an inter-mineral cavity that is difficult to remove. If the layer is dug and then obtained Asbuton chunks, the Asbuton remains a unit between the bitumen and the mineral granules, even if it is crushed to a small size, the bitumen and minerals remain united. The proportion of bitumen and minerals in granular Asbuton has basic properties, such as grain size distribution, ability to drain water, compression properties when compressed, shear strength, carrying capacity, and innovation in reducing soil deformation and decline. This study aims to examine the characteristics of physical and mechanical properties, determine the amount of bearing capacity and, evaluate the deformation pattern of asphalt granular column foundation systems. Testing uses SNI and ASTM standards. Based on the results of testing the characteristics of Granular Asbuton obtained the value of qu max = 0.131 kg / cm3, in the conditions of the optimum water content of Proctor. The value of California Bearing Ratio (CBR-Unsoaked) was 1.79%. So from the results obtained, that the use of Granular Asbuton greatly affects the stability of the soil that will be used as the construction material because of this material functions as a binding material from other materials and can be given other activating materials that can increase the bearing capacity.
Earthquake lateral force analysis of reactor building, experimental power reactor
Authors: Iswanto E R , Suntoko H , Fakhruddin
Published: February 2020

Indonesia is considering to construct its first experimental power reactor. Similar to other conventional nuclear power plants, this type of reactor is designed and built to withstand external hazards such as an earthquake. The seismic resistance design standard for building (SNI 03-1726-2012) as basic guidance should be implemented and used for earthquake-resistant building design. In this paper, a reactor building is considered for earthquake lateral force analysis to determine the design base shear force. In general, this analysis performed statically and dynamically. For static analysis, the equivalent lateral force method were used, while for dynamic analysis, the response spectrum method is used. The results of this study have shown that the value of displacement by using static analysis is more significant than the value of displacement by using dynamic analysis. It can be concluded that although the dynamic analysis is more accurate, the static analysis would lead to a more conservative result.
Effect steel reinforcement ratio on the behavior of RC beam without concrete at tension zone using truss-system reinforcement
Authors: Amir A , Djamaluddin R , Irmawati R , Amiruddin A A
Published: February 2020

Massive exploration of the natural materials for producing concretes affect to the environment condition and global warming that may cause natural disasters. Therefore the using of the concrete materials should be as efficient as possible. According to its natural behavior of the concrete material, it is strong in compression and weak in tension. Therefore the contribution of the tensile stresses of the concrete to the flexural capacity of the beams is neglected. However, removing concrete on the tension zone affects to the decreasing of flexural capacity. Based on the previous studies, beam without concrete at the tension zone using truss-system reinforcement causes the tension crack near the supports. This crack might because decreasing the flexural capacity of the beam. One of the solutions to solve this problem is by strengthening the beams using steel reinforcements. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of steel reinforcement near the supports on the behavior of beam without concrete at the tension zone using truss-system reinforcement. The parameter of this study was the length of the additional reinforcement near the support. It was varied into 40D, 60D and 80D, where D is the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement. The results indicated that the tensile cracks near the support could be avoided by adding the longitudinal reinforcement. Finally, the flexural capacity of RC beams without concrete at the tension zone can be increased.
Experimental evaluation on early age temperature variation of spill way containing Portland composite cement
Authors: Anshar  , Tjaronge M W , Djamaluddin R , Amiruddin A A
Published: February 2020

In recent decades blended cement consists of waste such as fly ash that has been developed by several national cement factories. One of the blended cement is Portland composite cement (PCC). Nowadays, in Indonesia most of the construction works use PCC. Among the construction works is a spillway of a dam which is categorized as a mass concrete construction. One of the important factors is the early-age temperature variation of mass concrete after pouring. This paper presents the investigation work on the early-age temperature variation of mass concrete made with PCC.
Failure mode of truss system concrete beams strengthened with tensile reinforcement
Authors: Amir A , Djamaluddin R , Irmawaty R , Amiruddin A A , Fakhruddin
Published: February 2020

Cracks usually precede beams failures. Cracks occurred due to the applied load exceeds the capacity of the cross-section in carrying the load. The use of a diagonal reinforcement or truss system can increase the flexural capacity of the beams. The previous research of using truss system reinforcement in the beam without concrete in the tension zone causes a decrease in flexural capacity due to the cracks in the area near the support. Therefore, it is necessary to add tensile reinforcement in the zone. This study uses a truss reinforced concrete beam specimen with dimensions of 15 cm x 20 m x 330 cm. There are four variations of the specimens, namely Normal Beams (BN) as control beam, BTRP 40D, BTRP 60D, and BTRP 80D. The flexural test is carried out by monotonic static loading. The results showed that the flexural capacity of BTRP 40D, BTRP 60D, and BTRP 80D increased due to the addition of tensile reinforcement in the support zone. Moreover, the failure mode of BTRP 60D and BTRP 80D are under reinforced and cracking does not occur in the support zone. Meanwhile, the BTRP 40D beam shows wide cracks in the support zone.
Mechanical properties of concrete using annealed wire fibers
Authors: Kandou C , Parung H , Djamaluddin R , Amiruddin A A
Published: February 2020

This study discusses the mechanical properties of concrete using annealed wire fiber which includes compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. The composition of the fiber used is 0.75% of the volume of concrete with a diameter of 0.8 mm fiber and the length of the fiber varied 36 mm, 48 mm and 60 mm or aspect ratio L/d of 45, 60 and 75. Test specimens used in this study are cylinders measuring 100 mm x 200 mm as many as 24 pieces and beam measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 400 mm as many as 12 pieces. The test was performed after 28 days of concrete with the UTM tool using ASTM C-39, C-496 and C-78 standard for compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength test and flexural strength test. The result of this research shows that there is an increase of mechanical properties of concrete for compressive strength of 3.75% to 33.56%, a tensile strength of 3.35% to 32.62% and flexural strength of 9.94% to 42.14%. For maximum compressive strength for 48 mm fiber length while tensile strength and maximum flexural strength for 60 mm fiber length.
The effect of clamshells partial substitution of coarse aggregates on the mechanical properties of shellfish concrete (Berang)
Authors: Ngii E , Mustika W , Sukri A S , Balaka R , Sriyani R , Welendo L
Published: February 2020

This study analyzed the effect of blood clamshell substitution (Anadara granosa) on the mechanical properties of concrete, namely compressive strength and flexural strength, using clamshell material originating from the Bungkutoko island region, Abeli District and Toronipa coastal area Soropia District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. In this study, the concrete was made using blood clamshell (Anadara granosa) waste as a substitute for coarse aggregates. As a control, normal concrete was made using natural materials, namely the Moramo split and Pohara sand. The results show that partial substitution of coarse aggregates using blood clamshell concentrations of 15%, 25%, and 50% reduced the compressive strength of concrete by 11.00%, 16.20%, and 30.62% when compared to the control, respectively. Meanwhile, the respective concrete bending strength also decreased by 7.33%, 13.83%, and 32.53%. The compressive strength testing of 28 days-concrete with the shellfish compositions of 15% and 25% showed the values of 25.35 MPa and 23.87 MPa, respectively, which can be categorized as a medium-quality concrete (structural concrete). Meanwhile, the 50% shell composition had a compressive strength of 19.895 MPa, which can be categorized as a low-quality concrete (non-structural concrete).