bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Family Support Influences Work Cynicism and Employee Silence: The Moderating Role of Gender
Authors: Zhang Yucheng , Xu Shan , Zhang Long , Liu Siqi
Published: July 2018

In organizational silence research, the antecedents and mechanisms of employee silence in the employees’ nonwork context have attracted growing interest. This study considers how family support influences employee silence and its boundary effect. By drawing on spillover theory, we propose and examine a moderated mediation model that explores the mediating role of work cynicism and the moderating role of gender. Based on a three-wave sampling design from 332 hotel employees and their supervisors, the results of multigroup-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis supported our model and suggested that family support impacted employee silence by decreasing work cynicism; furthermore, both this mediation effect and the relationship between work cynicism and employee silence were moderated by gender in the hospitality industry. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Experimental intravascular hemolysis induces hemodynamic and pathological pulmonary hypertension: association with accelerated purine metabolism
Authors: Bilan Victor P. , Schneider Frank , Novelli Enrico M. , Kelley Eric E. , Shiva Sruti , Gladwin Mark T. , Jackson Edwin K. , Tofovic Stevan P.
Published: July 2018

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is emerging as a serious complication associated with hemolytic disorders, and plexiform lesions (PXL) have been reported in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that repetitive hemolysis per se induces PH and angioproliferative vasculopathy and evaluated a new mechanism for hemolysis‐associated PH (HA‐PH) that involves the release of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) from erythrocytes. In healthy rats, repetitive administration of hemolyzed autologous blood (HAB) for 10 days produced reversible pulmonary parenchymal injury and vascular remodeling and PH. Moreover, the combination of a single dose of Sugen‐5416 (SU, 200 mg/kg) and 10‐day HAB treatment resulted in severe and progressive obliterative PH and formation of PXL (Day 26, right ventricular peak systolic pressure (mmHg): 26.1 ± 1.1, 41.5 ± 0.5 and 85.1 ± 5.9 in untreated, HAB treated and SU+HAB treated rats, respectively). In rats, repetitive administration of HAB increased plasma ADA activity and reduced urinary adenosine levels. Similarly, SCD patients had higher plasma ADA and PNP activity and accelerated adenosine, inosine, and guanosine metabolism than healthy controls. Our study provides evidence that hemolysis per se leads to the development of angioproliferative PH. We also report the development of a rat model of HA‐PH that closely mimics pulmonary vasculopathy seen in patients with HA‐PH. Finally, this study suggests that in hemolytic diseases released ADA and PNP may increase the risk of PH, likely by abolishing the vasoprotective effects of adenosine, inosine and guanosine. Further characterization of this new rat model of hemolysis‐induced angioproliferative PH and additional studies of the role of purines metabolism in HA‐PH are warranted.
Needs and preferences for technology among Chinese family caregivers of persons with dementia: A pilot study
Authors: Xiong Chen , Astell Arlene , Mihailidis Alex , Colantonio Angela
Published: July 2018

Background

Dementia is a major public health concern associated with significant caregiver demands and there are technologies available to assist with caregiving. However, there is a paucity of information on caregiver needs and preferences for these technologies, especially among Chinese family caregivers of persons with dementia in Canada.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the technology needs and preferences of Chinese family caregivers of persons with dementia with a sex and gender lens in Canada.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted through the Yee Hong Centre of Geriatric Care in Canada. Frequency distributions, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, and multiple regression analyses were performed.

Results

The majority of the 40 respondents did not demonstrate knowledge about technology to assist with caregiving. Ease of installation and reliability were identified as the most important features when installing and using technology respectively. Respondents demonstrated a positive attitude towards the use of technology during caregiving. Controlling for age, female respondents were significantly more receptive of technology.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a need to increase awareness of technology options to assist caregiving in this ethnic population and provide insight for future development and marketing of technology that better align with caregivers’ needs.
Facebook Interactions: An Ethnographic Perspective
Authors: Miller Daniel , Venkatraman Shriram
Published: July 2018

This article starts with a consideration of the different reasons academics might be interested in the detailed analysis of who interacts with whom on a social media platform such as Facebook. We then describe our analysis of the levels of interaction between Facebook friends for two populations, one based in South England and the other in South India. We first used statistical data analysis to identify those who interacted most with our informants. We then exploited our ethnographic grounding to elucidate who exactly these interactions were with upon returning to our informants. This allows us to characterize the nature of interactivity in the two sites, for example, the role of kinship as against friendship. In general, we found that the explanation for interactivity in the English fieldsite tended to depend on identifying specific genres of communication for particular social relations, while the Indian fieldsite reflected strong social parameters such as gender and class. We also comment on a few of the many general issues that arise, including the relationship between online and offline sociality, the importance of both reciprocity and asymmetry in interactivity, and the question of whether people are aware of who interacts most with them on their Facebook profiles.
Leptin and camel milk abate oxidative stress status, genotoxicity induced in valproic acid rat model of autism
Authors: Hamzawy Mohamed A , El-Ghandour Yasmin B , Abdel-Aziem Sekena H , Ali Zoba H
Published: July 2018

The aspect of treatment of autistic behaviour was investigated using valproic acid rat model of pregnant female rats. Two main groups (10 male rats/group) were treated for 6 days and then divided into six subgroups. The first group of normal rats was divided into three subgroups: (A) – control group, (B) – treated with camel milk (CAM; 2 mL/p.o) and (C) – treated with leptin (1000 µg/kg i.p) twice daily. The second group of autistic rats was randomly distributed into four subgroups as follows: (D) – positive control (autistics rats), (E) – treated with CAM, (F) – treated with a moderate dose of leptin and (G) – treated with a higher dose of leptin. Autistic behaviours of male offspring were checked by grooming and elevated pulz maze tests. Valproic acid (VPA)-induced autistic rats showed severe changes in oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitters and inflammatory cytokines, besides genotoxic manifestation of expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Bax and caspase-3. Leptin or CAM alone showed no signs of toxicity. CAM showed pronounced improvement in control rats than control itself. Leptin or CAM treatment of autistic animals showed a significant improvement of all measured parameters and genetic expression values. The improvement was pronounced in animals treated with CAM. These results suggest that CAM is a potential therapeutic candidate for autism via regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Leptin plays an essential role in alleviation of autistic behaviour through antioxidant effects.
In Vivo Assessment of Exercise-Induced Glenohumeral Cartilage Strain
Authors: Zhang Hanci , Heckelman Lauren N. , Spritzer Charles E. , Owusu-Akyaw Kwadwo A. , Martin John T. , Taylor Dean C. , Moorman C.T. , Garrigues Grant E. , DeFrate Louis E.
Published: July 2018

Background:

The human shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body. While in vivo shoulder kinematics under minimally loaded conditions have been studied, it is unclear how glenohumeral cartilage responds to high-demand loaded exercise.

Hypothesis:

A high-demand upper extremity exercise, push-ups, will induce compressive strain in the glenohumeral articular cartilage, which can be measured with validated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based techniques.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

High-resolution MRI was used to measure in vivo glenohumeral cartilage thickness before and after exercise among 8 study participants with no history of upper extremity injury or disease. Manual MRI segmentation and 3-dimensional modeling techniques were used to generate pre- and postexercise thickness maps of the humeral head and glenoid cartilage. Strain was calculated as the difference between pre- and postexercise cartilage thickness, normalized to the pre-exercise cartilage thickness.

Results:

Significant compressive cartilage strains of 17% ± 6% and 15% ± 7% (mean ± 95% CI) were detected in the humeral head and glenoid cartilage, respectively. The anterior region of the glenoid cartilage experienced a significantly higher mean strain (19% ± 6%) than the posterior region of the glenoid cartilage (12% ± 8%). No significant regional differences in postexercise humeral head cartilage strain were observed.

Conclusion:

Push-ups induce compressive strain on the glenohumeral joint articular cartilage, particularly at the anterior glenoid. This MRI-based methodology can be applied to further the understanding of chondral changes in the shoulder under high-demand loading conditions.

Clinical Relevance:

These results improve the understanding of healthy glenohumeral cartilage mechanics in response to loaded upper extremity exercise. In the future, these methods can be applied to identify which activities induce high glenohumeral cartilage strains and deviations from normal shoulder function.
Patient’s Perspective on Management of Chronic Pain Associated With Frequent Emergency Attendances and Psychiatric Diagnoses
Authors: Leung Kelvin , Arthur Richard , Udo Itoro
Published: July 2018

This case presents a patient’s perspective of clinical care and management of chronic pain with a psychiatric component, the latter of which was not initially apparent to both patient and services. It aims to understand patient’s experience of illness (part A), its effects on patient’s family (part B), experience of care from liaison psychiatry (part C), service provision for persons with chronic pain and its often-neglected mental health aspect (part D), and patient’s hopes for the future (part E). Early involvement of liaison psychiatry may target the interaction between physical and psychological factors and provide appropriate interventions across the health-care system.
Writing Empirical Articles: Transparency, Reproducibility, Clarity, and Memorability
Authors: Gernsbacher Morton Ann
Published: July 2018

This article provides recommendations for writing empirical journal articles that enable transparency, reproducibility, clarity, and memorability. Recommendations for transparency include preregistering methods, hypotheses, and analyses; submitting registered reports; distinguishing confirmation from exploration; and showing your warts. Recommendations for reproducibility include documenting methods and results fully and cohesively, by taking advantage of open-science tools, and citing sources responsibly. Recommendations for clarity include writing short paragraphs, composed of short sentences; writing comprehensive abstracts; and seeking feedback from a naive audience. Recommendations for memorability include writing narratively; embracing the hourglass shape of empirical articles; beginning articles with a hook; and synthesizing, rather than Mad Libbing, previous literature.
Evaluating the performance of gamma irradiated okra fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites: comparative study with jute/PP
Authors: Masudur Rahman A. N. M. , Alimuzzaman Shah , Khan Ruhul A. , Hossen Jamal
Published: July 2018

In this study, two bast fibers such as okra and jute were selected to manufacture composites taking polypropylene (PP) as matrix material by means of compression molding technique with maintaining 40% fiber content on the total weight of the composites. Investigation was done on tensile properties such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (EB%), bending properties such as bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact properties like impact strength (IS) and hardness (Shore-A) of the composites. From analyzed data, it was found that Okra/PP composites showed very competitive mechanical properties to Jute/PP composites. Non-irradiated okra composite showed the value of TS, TM, BS, BM, IS and hardness to be 32.2 MPa, 602 MPa, 55.6 MPa, 3.6 GPa, 19.54 kJ/m2 and 95 (Shore-A), respectively, whereas that value for non-irradiated jute composite was 35.5 MPa, 629 MPa, 71.5 MPa, 4.5 GPa, 21.48 kJ/m2 and 96 (Shore-A), respectively. The composite samples were exposed to different intensities of gamma radiation (250‒1000 krad) at a dose rate of 330 krad/h and changes in mechanical properties were examined. Both irradiated composites (500 krad) showed significant improvement of mechanical properties compared to that of the non-irradiated composites. Maximum TS, TM, BS, BM and IS value were found to be 41.9 MPa, 685 MPa, 72 MPa, 4.7 GPa and 22.6 kJ/m2, respectively for irradiated okra composite and 45.3 MPa, 717 MPa, 88 MPa, 6.7 GPa and 24.3 kJ/m2, respectively for irradiated jute composite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the surface groups of the composites. Water absorption, degradation behavior of the composites under soil and heat medium were also performed. Degradation tests revealed that okra composite retained its original mechanical properties higher than that of jute composite. The morphology of the composites was inspected by scanning electron microscope.
Development of Health Pathways to Standardize Cancer Care Pathways Informed by Patient-Reported Outcomes and Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Girgis Afaf , Durcinoska Ivana , Koh Eng-Siew , Ng Weng , Arnold Anthony , Delaney Geoff P. ,   PROMPT-Care Pathways Working Group
Published: July 2018

Purpose

High-quality symptom management and supportive care are essential components of comprehensive cancer care. We aimed to describe the development of an evidence-based automated decisional algorithm for patients with cancer that had specific, actionable, clinical, evidence-based recommendations to improve patient care, communication, and management.

Methods

We reviewed existing literature and clinical practice guidelines to identify priority domains of patient care and potential clinical recommendations. Two multidisciplinary clinical advisory groups used a two-stage consensus decision-making approach to determine domains of care and patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and subsequently developed automated algorithms with clear clinical recommendations amendable to intervention in clinical settings.

Results

Algorithms were developed to inform management of patient symptoms, distress, and unmet needs. Three PRO measures were chosen: Distress Thermometer and problem checklist, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Supportive Care Needs Survey–Screening Tool 9. PRO items were mapped to five domains of patient well-being: physical, emotional, practical, social and family, and maintenance of well-being. A total of 15 actionable clinical recommendations tailored to specific issues of concern were established.

Conclusion

Using automated algorithms and clinical recommendations provides a platform for streamlining and systematizing the use of PROs to inform risk-stratified guideline-informed care. The series of algorithms, which set out systematized care pathways for the clinical care of patients with cancer, can be used to potentially inform patient-centered care.
Virtual Reality Analgesia in Labor: The VRAIL Pilot Study—A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial Suggesting Benefit of Immersive Virtual Reality Analgesia in Unmedicated Laboring Women
Authors: Frey David P. , Bauer Melissa E. , Bell Carrie L. , Low Lisa Kane , Hassett Afton L. , Cassidy Ruth B. , Boyer Katherine D. , Sharar Sam R.
Published: July 2018

This pilot study investigated the use of virtual reality (VR) in laboring women. Twenty-seven women were observed for equivalent time during unmedicated contractions in the first stage of labor both with and without VR (order balanced and randomized). Numeric rating scale scores were collected after both study conditions. Significant decreases in sensory pain −1.5 (95% CI, −0.8 to −2.2), affective pain −2.5 (95% CI, −1.6 to −3.3), cognitive pain −3.1 (95% CI, −2.4 to −3.8), and anxiety −1.5 (95% CI, −0.8 to −2.3) were observed during VR. Results suggest that VR is a potentially effective technique for improving pain and anxiety during labor.
The Politics of Devotion: Indigenous Spirituality and the Virgin of Chiquinquirá in the New Kingdom of Granada
Authors: Deardorff Max
Published: July 2018

This article examines the interplay among belief, devotion, and indigenous politics in the early colonial New Kingdom of Granada. It does so by examining changes in the cacicazgo of Tinjacá in relation to the growth of the cult around the Virgin of Chiquinquirá, whose image perpetrated her first miracle in 1586. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, natives had begun to attend the church erected to honor the miraculous image in overwhelming numbers for Corpus Christi and Holy Week. Wills and reports by ecclesiastical administrators suggest that indigenous commoners engaged with the cult for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, orthodox Christian devotion. Meanwhile, evidence from a seemingly unrelated legal trial suggests that indigenous leadership in Tinjacá may have seen Christian devotion as a channel for activism against the predations of Spanish settlers.
Cancer immunology and radiobiology: Oliver Scott’s struggle for the perfect tumour model in translational research
Authors: Trott Klaus-Rüdiger
Published: July 2018

Oliver Scott is best known for his research into the role of tumour hypoxia in radiation oncology. Yet no less important were Oliver’s activities in the development of concepts and methods for performing translational research on the effect of ionising radiation on tumour in experimental animals, stressing the importance of using strictly inbred animals for transplantation of tumours which had arisen in exactly the identical mouse strain. Otherwise residual immunity would lead to uncontrollable bias in the results of cure experiments, invalidating conclusions. These pioneering views are no less valid in today’s cancer research.
Computed tomography in paediatric heart disease
Authors: Mortensen Kristian H , Tann Oliver
Published: July 2018

Cardiovascular CT (CCT) is an important imaging modality in congenital and acquired paediatric heart disease. Technological advances have resulted in marked improvements in spatial and temporal resolution of CCT with a concomitant increase in speed of data acquisition and a decrease in radiation dose. This has elevated CCT from being sparingly used to an essential diagnostic tool in the daily multimodality imaging practice alongside echocardiography, cardiovascular MR and invasive angiography. The application of CCT in paediatric congenital and acquired heart disease can be both technically and diagnostically challenging. This review highlights important considerations for current state of the art CCT across the spectrum of heart disease encountered in children.
Imaging of anomalous pulmonary venous connections by multidetector CT angiography using third-generation dual source CT scanner
Authors: Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Sharma Arun , Jagia Priya
Published: July 2018

Abnormal embryological development of the pulmonary veins can manifest as either partial or total anomalous drainage into the systemic venous circulation. Echocardiography does not provide adequate information in all cases as the optimal visualization of anomalous structures is limited by the availability of acoustic window; also it is highly operator dependent. However, multidetector CT angiography, with its multiplanar reformatting and volume rendering techniques, offers precise information about the three-dimensional anatomy and spatial relationships of the cardiovascular structures. With advent of dual source CT scanners and use of advanced dose reduction techniques, this information can be obtained in a short time with minimal radiation dose. In this pictorial essay, we present the multidetector CT imaging findings of the spectrum of total and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections, using a third-generation dual source CT scanner.
Congenital unilateral facial palsy revealing a facial nerve agenesis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nordjoe Yaotse Elikplim , Azdad Ouidad , Lahkim Mohamed , Jroundi Laila , Laamrani Fatima Zahrae
Published: July 2018

Facial nerve aplasia is an extremely rare condition that is usually syndromic, namely, in Moebius syndrome. The occurrence of isolated agenesis of facial nerve is even rarer, with only few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of congenital facial paralysis due to facial nerve aplasia diagnosed on MRI, while no noticeable abnormality was detected on the temporal bone CT.
Adenine protonation enables cyclic-di-GMP binding to cyclic-GAMP sensing riboswitches
Authors: Keller Heiko , Weickhmann A. Katharina , Bock Thomas , Wöhnert Jens
Published: July 2018

In certain structural or functional contexts, RNA structures can contain protonated nucleotides. However, a direct role for stably protonated nucleotides in ligand binding and ligand recognition has not yet been demonstrated unambiguously. Previous X-ray structures of c-GAMP binding riboswitch aptamer domains in complex with their near-cognate ligand c-di-GMP suggest that an adenine of the riboswitch either forms two hydrogen bonds to a G nucleotide of the ligand in the unusual enol tautomeric form or that the adenine in its N1 protonated form binds the G nucleotide of the ligand in its canonical keto tautomeric state. By using NMR spectroscopy we demonstrate that the c-GAMP riboswitches bind c-di-GMP using a stably protonated adenine in the ligand binding pocket. Thereby, we provide novel insights into the putative biological functions of protonated nucleotides in RNA, which in this case influence the ligand selectivity in a riboswitch.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR DE CAFEÍNA EM DIFERENTES TIPOS DE CAFÉS
Authors: Da Silva Cicero Jordan Rodrigues Sobreira , Benjamim Cicero Jonas Rodrigues , Carvalho Luana Barreto , Rocha Elida Mara Braga , Mori Edna
Published: July 2018

Buscou-se avaliar os teores de cafeína em diferentes marcas e tipos de cafés, analisando, determinando e comparando seus valores, verificando a conformidade com a legislação, e apontando se o tipo de processamento pode influenciar neste teor. Para a determinação de cafeína em cafés, adotou-se o método que envolve extração, separação, purificação e determinação por gravimetria. Para o referido estudo as amostras foram compostas por três marcas de café solúveis (Cs1, Cs2, Cs3), três marcas de cafés em pó (Cp1, Cp2, Cp3) e três marcas de cafés em grãos (Cg1, Cg2, Cg3) para análise dos teores adquiridos. De acordo com a Resolução CNNPA nº12/1978, os cafés devem conter pelo menos 0,7% de cafeína em 100 gramas do produto. Foram encontradas, Cs1 0,36%, Cs2 0,54%, Cs3 0,56%; Cp1 0,36%, Cp2 0,39%, Cp3 0,42%; Cg1 0,48%, Cg2 0,46%%, Cg3 0,46%. Através das análises da determinação de cafeína nos diferentes tipos de cafés consumidos, foi possível observar que os teores variam em função da forma em que eles se apresentam (grão, pó e solúvel), sendo que a forma em café solúvel apresentou maior quantidade de cafeína do que o em grãos, seguido pelo em pó.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.30653
TRIAGEM NUTRICIONAL E RISCOS CARDIOMETABÓLICOS NOS FUNCIONÁRIOS DE UM RESTAURANTE UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Mendes Ana Karina Furtado , Carvalho Anne Karollyne Cavalcante , Justino Monalyza Guerra , Gratão Lucia Helena Almeida , Pereira Renata Junqueira
Published: July 2018

Introdução: Os riscos cardiometabólicos são caracterizados por um conjunto de disfunções no metabolismo que predispõem a eventos cardiovasculares, quando coexistem no organismo. Objetivo: realizar triagem nutricional e investigar fatores de riscos cardiometabólicos em funcionários de um Restaurante Universitário. Método: foi realizada uma coleta de informações de 18 funcionários, por meio de uma ficha de atendimento e os dados obtidos foram analisados através do software DietBox e tabelados pelo programa Microsoft Office Excel. Resultados: Dentre os participantes 33% apresentaram sobrepeso e maior risco para desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo que os homens apresentaram maior porcentagem de perímetro abdominal (42,8%). Além disso, foi possível notar que 33,3% das pessoas estudadas apresentaram valores de HDL-c baixo e 27,7% colesterol total aumentado. Em média, observaram-se variações do consumo diário de calorias em relação às recomendações de 38,8% para mais e 55,5% para menos. Em relação aos inquéritos alimentares, dentre os macronutrientes, destacou-se maior ingestão proteica e, dentre os micronutrientes, o sódio e selênio foram consumidos acima do recomendado e as fibras, enquanto cálcio e vitaminas D e E foram consumidos abaixo da recomendação. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou a presença de fatores que predispõem a eventos cardiovasculares na população. Os aumentados índices de sobrepeso e obesidade nos indivíduos analisados foram possivelmente devidos a alterações dos padrões alimentares e reduzida da prática de atividade física.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.31559
INFLUÊNCIA DA MÍDIA SOBRE A APARÊNCIA DE PROFESSORAS DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Gori Mariana , Viebig Renata Furlan
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar as influências da mídia sobre a aparência de professoras da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental I de escolas privadas do município de São Paulo. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com professoras de 4 colégios paulistanos. As docentes foram submetidas a avaliação antropométrica e responderam ao “Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais” em relação à aparência (SATAQ-3) para verificar a influência da mídia. Resultados: Participaram 55 professoras com idade média de 37,49 anos. A maioria das participantes (76,3%) foram classificadas nas classes sociais A e B. O Índice de Massa Corporal médio encontrado foi 26,6Kg/m2 e a média de percentual de gordura corporal foi de 41,9%. As professoras mais influenciadas pela mídia eram mais velhas, de maior classe socioeconômica e com maior percentual de gordura corporal, porém, somente esta última associação se mostrou estatisticamente significativa. Foi observado que quanto maior o tempo de profissão menor o escore no SATAQ-3 (p=0,030). Conclusões: As docentes com maior pontuação no questionário tiveram maior peso corporal e percentual de gordura corporal mais elevado. Além disso, as docentes mais experientes sofriam menos influencia da mídia.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.32667
CONSTRUÇÃO IMAGÉTICO-DISCURSIVA DA BELEZA CORPORAL EM MÍDIAS SOCIAIS: REPERCUSSÕES NA PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE O CORPO E O COMER DOS SEGUIDORES
Authors: Silva Ana Flávia De Sousa , Neves Letícia Dos Santos , Japur Camila Cremonezi , Penaforte Thaís Rodrigues , Penaforte Fernanda Rodrigues
Published: July 2018

As representações contemporâneas dos padrões de beleza se fecham em um corpo magro e delicadamente esculpido, e são especialmente disseminadas pelas redes sociais. O Instagram, com sua forte característica imagética, é muito utilizado para compartilhar imagens fitness, que difundem modelos corporais ideais. Este estudo, pautado na abordagem qualitativa, examinou o conteúdo dos comentários associados a fotos centradas na exposição corporal, veiculadas em um perfil fitness do Instagram. Foram selecionadas 12 fotos, publicadas entre janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Os comentários associados às fotos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram três categorias de análise: “Maravilhosa, deusa, diva, inspiração”: a exaltação ao corpo magro; “Meu sonho é ter esse corpo”: o desejo de metamorfose corporal; e “Uma escolha errada arruína o corpo inteiro”: culpabilização e distorções na relação alimentar. Observou-se íntima relação entre magreza, beleza, felicidade e como fonte de inspiração e desejo. Sob este prisma, existe um forte anseio de (re)construção do corpo, que se confunde com o anseio de (re)construção da própria identidade. Ainda, cria-se a ilusão de que o modelo de corpo ideal difundido está ao alcance de todos, bastando empenho, dedicação e força de vontade para alcançá-lo; ao mesmo tempo, sentimentos de tristeza e frustração emergem quando esse ideal não é atingido. Foi possível observar também que o desejo de remodelamento corporal reverbera na relação com a alimentação, que se torna distorcida e fonte de culpa, arrependimento e necessidade de controle do prazer, podendo culminar em comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.33305
IMAGENS E DISCURSOS SOBRE CORPOS, FAMÍLIAS E SUBJETIVIDADES: MANIFESTAÇÕES ESTIGMATIZANTES, IDEALIZAÇÕES E DESIGUALDADES NA ARENA DE DEBATE
Authors: Seixas Cristiane Marques , Barcellos Daniela Menezes Neiva , Vargas Eliane Portes , Campos Flávia Milagres , Ferreira Francisco Romão
Published: July 2018

Este número traz uma Seção Temática com artigos que buscam problematizar os discursos e as imagens construídas do corpo e as subjetividades em contextos de múltiplas relações, dentre as quais aqueles onde a família se insere; discursos e imagens circulantes na vida cotidiana, mas também no mundo acadêmico, que informam a construção de determinados modelos, conceitos e práticas voltados à saúde e à alimentação. Esta iniciativa pretendeu estimular, incentivar e acolher análises estruturadas a partir de diferentes referenciais teóricos e metodológicos sobre o tema, construídos à luz de perspectivas mais abrangentes, reunindo estudos que ressaltam como manifestações estigmatizantes e modos de perceber a imagem de si e do outro impactam a subjetividade. Tais expressões - assentadas em imagens socialmente construídas do corpo, situadas em contextos como o das práticas profissionais em diferentes campos permeados de tensões e envolvendo relações familiares - exprimem, em grande medida, padrões de alimentação saudável e de beleza que merecem a dedicação de um ponto de vista da pesquisa, visto que se apresentam aos nossos olhos de modo naturalizado e, aparentemente, cristalino. A partir deste cenário de temas presentes na vida e no cotidiano, insuflado pelas mais variadas representações e coerções contemporâneas, encontramo-nos ante um espaço de reflexão sobre as moralidades acerca da alimentação, da saúde, do corpo perfeito, da obesidade, das desigualdades, do consumo de estilos de vida e de subjetividades.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.35259
Entre Objetos da Ciência e Vítimas de um Holocausto Negro: Humanização, agência e tensões classificatórias em torno das ossadas do sítio arqueológico Cemitério dos Pretos Novos
Authors: Vassallo Simone Pondé
Published: July 2018

Este artigo procura problematizar alguns agenciamentos de vestígios humanos a partir da análise do tratamento dado a ossadas encontradas em 1996, no subsolo de uma residência familiar, na região portuária do Rio de Janeiro. Inspirando-me nas obras de Bruno Latour e Michel Callon, procuro observar como se constrói progressivamente o fato científico de que esses ossos pertencem ao sítio arqueológico Cemitério dos Pretos Novos, destinado ao enterramento de africanos que morreram logo após o desembarque dos navios negreiros, entre fins do século XVIII e início do XIX. O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em analisar a produção do sítio arqueológico Cemitério dos Pretos Novos e os diversos procedimentos através dos quais as ossadas são convertidas ora em objetos de pesquisa a serem armazenados em laboratórios científicos, ora em testemunhas de um holocausto negro que devem ser expostas ao público no Memorial Pretos Novos. Busco analisar as tensões e ambiguidades classificatórias que surgem ao longo do processo que, simultaneamente, objetifica e humaniza as ossadas, tratando-as ao mesmo tempo como objetos de estudos científicos e laboratoriais e como testemunhas de um crime contra a humanidade. Palavras-chave: Representações da escravidão. Vestígios humanos. Diáspora africana. Patrimônio arqueológico.
CeSaM, as Células do Sangue Menstrual: Gênero, tecnociência e terapia celular
Authors: Manica Daniela Tonelli , Goldenberg Regina Coeli dos Santos , Asensi Karina Dutra
Published: July 2018

Neste experimento de coautoria multidisciplinar, desenvolvemos a proposta de seguir, etnograficamente, as CeSaM – “células do sangue menstrual”. Trata-se de pensar diferentes agenciamentos de fluidos e substâncias corporais, como o sangue menstrual, no universo da tecnociência brasileira. O artigo apresenta alguns dos resultados de uma pesquisa de cunho socioantropológico sobre as atividades que envolvem o uso de sangue menstrual para obtenção de células estromais mesenquimais, desenvolvidas pelo Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular (LCCM) do Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Procuramos contextualizar o desenvolvimento dessas pesquisas, demonstrar o processo de ontogênese das CeSaM e discutir algumas das dimensões de gênero que podem ser pensadas a partir do engajamento do sangue menstrual, e suas células, nas pesquisas científicas sobre células-tronco.Palavras-chave: Antropologia da ciência e da tecnologia. Gênero. Células mesenquimais. Sangue menstrual.
Negociando o Destino dos Embriões Humanos Produzidos na Reprodução Assistida: Criopreservação, descarte, doação e seus agenciamentos em uma clínica de Porto Alegre
Authors: Allebrandt Débora
Published: July 2018

Conforme a Lei 11.105/2005, a pesquisa com embriões é permitida no Brasil. Cabe à ANVISA controlar o número e o destino de embriões produzidos através do SisEmbrio, um banco de dados que controla a manipulação dos tecidos germinativos em todo o país. Para tanto, centros de RA devem enviar um relatório anual e confirmar o estado legal daqueles embriões que foram armazenados em seus tanques de nitrogênio. Esse artigo baseia-se na pesquisa etnográfica realizada junto a uma clínica de reprodução assistida localizada na cidade de Porto Alegre. Durante a pesquisa, pude acompanhar as práticas que culminaram na elaboração deste relatório. Trata-se de um ritual de ligações, TCLEs e assinaturas entre a clínica e as pessoas que contrataram serviços de criopreservação. Negocia-se o destino de seu material biológico. Tomo esse agenciamento como a construção de conhecimento sobre embriões e sua transição entre tecidos(descartáveis)/vida potencial (a ser preservada). Tal percepção assinala interseccionalidades na produção e gestão da política de ciência, responsabilidade e ética do uso e destino de embriões.Palavras-chave: Doação de embriões. SisEmbrio. Reprodução Assistida.
Existência Assistida: Uma etnografia do “ser” no Equador (Tradução)
Authors: Roberts Elizabeth F. S.
Published: July 2018

No Equador, a reprodução assistida, seja de Deus, da família extensa ou das tecnologias reprodutivas, é enfatizada como desejável num mundo precário e desigual, com uma rede mínima de segurança social e insegurança econômica crônica. Assistência é a própria base do existir. Em realidades com mais recursos, como parte dos Estados Unidos, as tecnologias de reprodução assistida podem modificar a autonomia individual, biológica e social de casais heterossexuais. Justapor a reprodução assistida em locais tão divergentes demonstra que recursos podem tornar a autonomia mais facilmente estabelecida e a assistência entre pessoas e coisas difícil de perceber. Através da insistência da especificidade de material da reprodução assistida, esses contrastes etnográficos contribuem para uma abordagem antropológica da questão ontológica do existir. Particularmente, a observação etnográfica das realidades materiais dos tratamentos reprodutivos no Equador demonstra que cuidados médicos são um meio de vislumbrar questões raciais. Serviços privados de reprodução assistida produzem bebês e pacientes mais brancos diante de um serviço desmantelado de saúde pública, cujos usuários são, por definição, pobres e indígenas. O quadro analítico de assistência pode ajudar a traçar etnograficamente a constituição de um ser racial em nações com melhores recursos, ao mesmo tempo que permite o reconhecimento compreensivo da interdependência da existência.Palavras-chave: Equador. Sistemas de saúde. IVF. América Latina. Setor privado de saúde. Raça.
Etnografando “humanos” e "materiais não humanos": Encontros éticos e políticos (Apresentação)
Authors: Allebrandt Débora , Fleischer Soraya
Published: July 2018

O dossiê apresentado aqui é resultado do feliz encontro de preocupações comuns a uma série de pesquisadores. O diálogo se iniciou com a Mesa Redonda “Vestígios, restos e substratos corporais humanos em seus diversos agenciamentos”, que tomou parte em 2016, na 30ª Reunião Brasileira de Antropologia realizada em João Pessoa / PB.
Do Que o Nosso Cabelo Gosta: Corporalidade e ativismo negro no discurso das Gurias Crespas e Cacheadas
Authors: Bueno Josiane , Victora Ceres
Published: July 2018

Este artigo tematiza a construção de novas sensibilidades étnicas no contexto do grupo Gurias Crespas e Cacheadas, um coletivo de ativismo negro que atua no suporte da transição e manutenção do cabelo “natural”. Argumentamos que essas sensibilidades traduzem e são traduzidas por elementos discursivos que compõem uma “gramática étnica”, potencializada pelo grupo, que institui uma narrativa padrão sobre a linha do tempo "individual", valorizando aspectos de uma estética negra junto a memórias e afetos construídos coletivamente. Produtos e práticas capilares fornecem ingredientes fundamentais para a “transição” do cabelo e das mulheres que nesse processo adquirem capacidades renovadas de transformação do mundo.Palavras-chave: Corporalidade. Mulheres negras. Emoções.
Natureza e Cultura: Sentidos da diversidade
Authors: Süssekind Felipe
Published: July 2018

É bem conhecido o fato de que a antropologia, em suas vertentes clássicas, se caracteriza por estabelecer uma grande divisão entre natureza e cultura, a qual inclui a demarcação de diversas oposições complementares: corpo e alma, ambiente e civilização, fato e valor, animal e humano, entre outras. O ponto de partida para a discussão aqui proposta é refletir sobre esse grande divisor, investigando alguns dos limites e desdobramentos dos conceitos de “cultura” e de “natureza” no campo da antropologia contemporânea. O objetivo é mostrar como esse par conceitual tem sido sistematicamente colocado à prova tanto a partir do contato com a alteridade radical do pensamento de povos não ocidentais quanto nos chamados estudos da ciência e da tecnologia, que ao longo das últimas décadas se desdobraram em abordagens inovadoras da política, da economia, ou seja, das grandes instituições da modernidade ocidental. Em relação ao conceito de cultura, objeto por definição da própria disciplina antropológica, a referência aqui é principalmente a sua retomada crítica a partir dos anos 1970. No que se refere ao seu par, o conceito de natureza, evoco uma problemática mais recente, em que o que se coloca em questão é a ideia mesma da natureza como uma unidade exterior e transcendente, um domínio independente do humano. A questão se desdobra em duas: (1) uma reflexão sobre as relações entre humanos e animais, problematizando a atribuição prematura do campo da moral a uma dimensão estritamente humana, e (2) um questionamento do papel da natureza nas ciências, em diálogo com saberes indígenas ou tradicionais.Palavras-chave: Natureza. Cultura. Diversidade. Cosmologia. Animal.
Managing pain in lame cattle
Authors: Laven Richard
Published: July 2018

Minimising the impact of lameness on dairy cattle is a crucial part of a dairy veterinarian's role. One of the most important parts of lameness management is the management of the pain resulting from lameness. This needs a multimodal approach focusing on claw trimming, the use of blocks and the use of analgesics. Despite being one of the most important causes of pain in dairy cattle, the literature on pain management in lameness is far from extensive, and the limited evidence suggests that we have a long way to go before we can claim that we have effective pain management strategies for lame cattle
Residue avoidance in milk
Authors: Edmondson Peter
Published: July 2018

The UK bulk tank failure rate is 0.25%. This rate has remained unchanged for many years and levels are higher than levels in the US and Denmark, which have been falling year on year. Residue failures occur due to human error. This article describes the most common causes of failure, and the key steps to minimise the chances of these occurring.
A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis
Authors: Smith I. D. M. , Milto K. M. , Doherty C. J. , Amyes S. G. B. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Hall A. C.
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most commonly implicated organism in septic arthritis, a condition that may be highly destructive to articular cartilage. Previous studies investigating laboratory and clinical strains of S. aureus have demonstrated that potent toxins induced significant chondrocyte death, although the precise toxin or toxins that were involved was unknown. In this study, we used isogenic S. aureus mutants to assess the influence of alpha (Hla)-, beta (Hlb)-, and gamma (Hlg)-haemolysins, toxins considered important for the destruction of host tissue, on in situ bovine chondrocyte viability.

Methods

Bovine cartilage explants were cultured with isogenic S. aureus mutants and/or their culture supernatants. Chondrocyte viability was then assessed within defined regions of interest in the axial and coronal plane following live- and dead-cell imaging using the fluorescent probes 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide, respectively, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.

Results

Hla-producing mutants caused substantial chondrocyte death compared with the toxin-deficient control (Hla-Hlb-Hlg-), whilst mutants producing Hlb and Hlg in the absence of Hla induced minimal chondrocyte death. Coronal studies established that Hla-induced chondrocyte death started in the superficial zone of cartilage and spread to deeper layers, whereas Hlb and Hlg toxins were without significant effect.

Conclusion

This study identified Hla as a highly potent S. aureus toxin that caused rapid chondrocyte death in bovine cartilage, with other toxins or metabolic products produced by the bacteria playing a minor role. The identification of Hla in mediating chondrocyte death may assist in the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the extent of cartilage damage during and after an episode of septic arthritis. Cite this article: I. D. M. Smith, K. M. Milto, C. J. Doherty, S. G. B. Amyes, A. H. R. W. Simpson, A. C. Hall. A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:457–467. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0165.R1.
Radiographic predictors for bone mineral loss
Authors: He Q-F. , Sun H. , Shu L-Y. , Zhu Y. , Xie X-T. , Zhan Y. , Luo C-F.
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Researchers continue to seek easier ways to evaluate the quality of bone and screen for osteoporosis and osteopenia. Until recently, radiographic images of various parts of the body, except the distal femur, have been reappraised in the light of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) findings. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures around the knee joint in the elderly continues to increase. The aim of this study was to propose two new radiographic parameters of the distal femur for the assessment of bone quality.

Methods

Anteroposterior radiographs of the knee and bone mineral density (BMD) and T-scores from DXA scans of 361 healthy patients were prospectively analyzed. The mean cortical bone thickness (CBTavg) and the distal femoral cortex index (DFCI) were the two parameters that were proposed and measured. Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were assessed. Correlations between the BMD and T-score and these parameters were investigated and their value in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia was evaluated.

Results

The DFCI, as a ratio, had higher reliability than the CBTavg. Both showed significant correlation with BMD and T-score. When compared with DFCI, CBTavg showed better correlation and was better for predicting osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Conclusion

The CBTavg and DFCI are simple and reliable screening tools for the prediction of osteoporosis and osteopenia. The CBTavg is more accurate but the DFCI is easier to use in clinical practice. Cite this article: Q-F. He, H. Sun, L-Y. Shu, Y. Zhu, X-T. Xie, Y. Zhan, C-F. Luo. Radiographic predictors for bone mineral loss: Cortical thickness and index of the distal femur. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:468–475. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0332.R1.
Changing narratives, changing relationships: a new environment for voluntary action?
Authors: Ketola Markus , Hughes Ciaran
Published: July 2018

In the context of shifting policy approaches and decreasing state funding, contemporary government policy narratives are beginning to recognise the changing relationships between government and the voluntary and community sector. In the UK, while much of the partnership rhetoric of the New Labour years remains in place, this article explores how assumptions about the role and nature of the sector and the terms on which it engages with government are rapidly changing in the context of Northern Ireland. Drawing on an analysis of the policy environment in recent decades and in-depth interview data collected as part of research conducted in Northern Ireland, the article demonstrates how the narratives that frame the sector’s identity are being challenged by new policy narratives and competing representations of the sector–government relationship.
Tempo e temporalidade, espaço e espacialidade
Authors: Rosendahl Zeny Rosendahl
Published: July 2018

Este artigo aborda a dimensão temporal do espaço sagrado fortemente marcado nas práticas religiosas da sociedade brasileira no início do século XXI, período marcado pela hipermodernidade e suas principais características – hiperconsumo, individualidade, uso das tecnologias e de imersão no ciberespaço. Os conceitos destacados na análise foram tempo e temporalidade, espaço e espacialidade do sagrado. A religião e religiosidade foram repensados neste processo de mudança do grupo social religioso. Visando atender os objetivos aqui destacados, o presente artigo estará dividido em três partes: (I) Tempo Sagrado; (II) Espaço Sagrado e; (III) Temporalização do espaço sagrado.