bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuição ao estudo da dosagem dos sôros antipeçonhentos: Confronto entre dosagens pela determinacão das anticoasulinas especificas do plasma e o poder antitoxico do sôro
Authors: Assumpção Lucas de
Published: December 2024

1). Es herrscht Parallelismus zwischen der toxischen Wirkungskraft des Giftes von Lachesis lanceolatus und seinem Gerinnungswermoegen. 2). Es ist keine Beziehung zwischen der toxischen Wirkungsstaerke des Giftes von Lachesis lanceolatus und seiner Neutmlisationskraft durch das spezifische Seram vorhanden. 3) Wie Vital Brazil und J Vellard feststellten, besteht Unterschied in de1· Relation, die zwischen den beiden Dosierungsmethoden vonhanden ist, je nachdem es sich um krotalisches Gift oder um bothropisches Gift handelt 4) Hinsichtlich des krotalischen Giftes (Crotalus terrificus), entsprechen die Antikoagulinen des Plasmas ungefaehr der antitoxischen Staerke des Serums, wie von den Autoren der Methode dargetan wurde. 5) Mit dem bothropischen Gift (Lachesis lanceolatus) ist die Relation zwischen den Antikoagulinen des Pias as und de1· antitoxischen Wirkungskraft des Serums nicht bestaendig und haengt von dem Girinnungsvermoegen und det· toxischen Staerke dieses Giftes ab: Mit dem Muster von Jararaca (Lachesis lanceolatus) V J 1, von iener toetlichen Mini aldosie = 0,060 mgr und einer· Minimalgerinnungsdosis = 0,00045 mgr war die antitoxische Staerke dieser Sera durchschnittlich 4,3 mal so hoch wie die Minimalgerinnungsdosis des Plasmas, waehrend mit dem ande rem Muster von Jararaca V J 3, von einer toetlichen Minimaldosis = 0,020 mgr. und einer Minimalgerinnungsdosis = 0,00015 mgr, das antitoxische Vermoegen derselben Sera 9,9 mal hoeher war ais die Minimalgerinnungsdosis des Plasmas. 6) Diese Durchschnittswerte wurden aus Dosierungen von antiophidischen und antibothropischen Sera in Verbindung gewonnen; gesondert behandelt, wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass die Durchschnitte fuer diese beiden Sera nicht die gleichen waren: n den Dosierungen mit V. J. 1 war die antitoxische Wirkungsstaerke des antibothropischen Serums 3,6 mal hoeher ais die Antikoagulinen des Plasmas, waehrend dieses Verhaeltnis beim antiophidischen Serum 5,6 mal betrug; mit V. J. 3 sind die Antitoxinen des antibothropischen Serums 8 mal so hoch wie die Antikoagulinen des Plasmas und 15,6 mal, wenn es sich um antiophidisches Semm handelt. 7). Die Gegengiftsera besitzen offenbar, ausser ihrem spezifischen Vermoegen, auch eine individuelle Aktivitaet. 8). Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst verschiedene Momente, die eingehend erforscht werden muessen, falls man die gegenwaertigen Antigiftsera vervollkommnen will.
Contribuicão ao estudo das Hemogregarinas no Brasil
Authors: Corrêa Clovis
Published: December 2024

Apresentamos o resultado das pesquizas que fizemos sobre as hernogregarinas dos passaras de Campos do jordão. Os passaras que encontramos parasitados por hemogregarinas foram os seguintes: 1. - Stephanophorus leancocephalus (Vieill) - vulgarmente chamado sanhaço·coqueiro. 2. - Poospiza thoradca (Nordn) - vulgarmente denominado gurandy. 3. - Molothrus bonariensis (Gm) - chamado passara preto; vira-bosta.
Nota sobre a biologia da Rhyparobia Maderae, Fabr.
Authors: Pessôa Samuel B. , Corrêa Clovis
Published: December 2024

A Rhyparobia Maderae ( fabr. ) é uma grande barata domestica, cosmopolita, e que existe, ás vezes em grande abundancia em varias localidades do nosso Estado. Commum nas cidades do littoral, taes como Ubatuba, S. Vicente, Santos, etc.; existe tambem no interior, como em Piracicaba, Tiété, etc. Na Capital não conseguimos encontral-a, apesar das pesquizas feitas em diversos bairros; não podemos affirmar a sua não existencia aqui, porém, si existe, é em quantidade pequena, contrastando com a grande abundancia nas outras cidades acima mencionadas. Curioso é o facto que geralmente observámos, da diminuição das outras especies domesticas ( Periplaneta e Phyllodromia) nas casas infestadas pela Rhyparobia. Talvez esta espec1e, muito voraz e prolifera, difficulte a existencia das outras.
Desvio do complemento na lepra
Authors: Gomes J. M. , Pateo Junior J. Duarte do
Published: December 2024

1. - Complement deviation in leprosy with defacted Streptotrix leproides Deicke has a definite value not only for thediagnosis of the disease but also under the standpoint of both treatment and prognosis. 2. - In early cases it gives an indication of the infectious condition of the patient, and has a greater value when there are no clear clinicai manifestations. 3. - In such circumstances the strong or very strong positive reaction indicates the seriousness of the case. 4. - The treatment of these patients results in an aggravation of the disease when it does not change their condition. 5. - The degree of the reaction always follows the importance of the symptoms. 6· - The complement continues to be deviate in those cases treated during a long period of time, which do not show an aggravation of the disease in certain conditions (as child birth). 7. - This fact certainly depends upon a general immunity developed during the treatment. 8. - A number of cases both suspicious and normal, having no signs of leprosy, which had a positive 9. - Severa! early cases having a negative reaction are comparable to cases of cutaneous tuberculosis in which the production of anticorps in blood is not observed. 10. - The production of anticorps depends not only on the fixation of the bacillus by the cells of the organism, that is the bacillocellular reaction, but on the quantity of bacilli present in the case. 11. - Based on these facts it is impossible to affirm that an individual having had a frustrous form of leprosy, or another having been treated at beginning of the first clinicai signs, and having a negative sorological reaction are immunized against the disease.
Questões de hygiene - a febre typhoide de em São Paulo e o seu histórico
Authors: Ribas Emílio
Published: December 2024

Antes de iniciar as considerações sobre a historia da febre typhoide 11esta capital e meios de combatel-a, seja-me licito render uma sincera homenagem á memoria inolvidavel de Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, cuja competencia profissional e capacidade de trabalho foram, sem duvida, as seguras bases do exito desta Faculdade da qual depende o Instituto de Hygicne onde vou ter a subida honra de expor a minha despretenciosa opinião sobre o importante problema sanitario.
On Hallomenus orientalis Pic, 1951 and Hallomenus orientalis Nikitsky, 1998 (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae), with notes on possibly overlooked papers of Maurice Pic
Authors: COSANDEY VIVIEN , LÖBL IVAN
Published: December 2024

Recently, Poggi (2024) reported an unusual case of simultaneous homonymy and synonymy in the myrmecophilous beetle subfamily Thorictinae of the family Dermestidae. Unexpectedly, an analogous case was found while consulting the poorly known periodical Diversités entomologiques authored and edited from June 1947 to September 1955 by Maurice Pic. It includes the description of Hallomenus orientalis, a new species with a nomen sounding familiar to us. Indeed, the same binomen was used by Nikitsky (1998) for a species described as new and currently considered as valid (Nikitsky 2020). Obviously, Nikitsky was not aware of Pic’s description.
Studies on Neotropical Cerrenaceae (Basidiomycota, Polyporales): a new species of Irpiciporus from Brazil
Authors: REGIO NICOLAS DO CARMO , WESTPHALEN MAURO C. , SILVEIRA ROSA MARA BORGES DA
Published: December 2024

In this study, Irpiciporus prismaticus sp. nov. is proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Specimens were collected in the Atlantic Forest areas of southern Brazil and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and LSU regions were sequenced. This is the first time that Brazilian specimens of Irpiciporus have been sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Irpiciporus prismaticus is characterized by pileate to effused-reflexed basidiomes with a hydnoid to irpicoid hymenophore and a context distinctly duplex in pileate specimens. Microscopically, it resembles other species of the genera, but differs in the presence of prismatic crystals throughout the context and teeth trama, and smaller basidia. Phylogenetically, it is closely related to the African species, I. branchiformis, and the Asian species, I. sinuosus. Furthermore, I. rajchenbergii, a resupinate species described from adjacent regions in Brazil, is confirmed as a different taxon in the genus based on morphological comparisons of herbarium collections. Additionally, specimens of Cerrena multipileata from areas near the type locality were sampled and sequenced and an updated morphological description is provided. An updated key for Irpiciporus, including our newly described species, and brief discussions about the genera treated here are also provided.
Two remarkable new species of the Australian moth genus Gallaba Walker (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Notodontinae) from the highlands of Tasmania
Authors: MCQUILLAN PETER B. , CHEN JINGYI , FOUNTAIN-JONES NICHOLAS M.
Published: December 2024

The distinctive notodontine moth genus Gallaba Walker, 1865 is confined to eastern and southern Australia where multiple species inhabit forests, woodlands and heathlands from sea level to montane forests of at least 1650m. The continental island of Tasmania supports four Gallaba species (including these two new endemics) at the current global southern limit of Notodontidae. Two distinctive new species are described from montane and subalpine Tasmania: Gallaba constellata sp. nov. and Gallaba kirkpatricki sp. nov. Both exhibit distinctive phenotypes including extraordinarily long rami in the male antennae, but their phylogenetic relationships to the rest of the genus must await a full revision of Gallaba and allied genera. We find no evidence for earlier claims that G. duplicata Walker, 1865 occurs in Tasmania. It was likely confused with the phenotypically similar Hobartina amblyiodes (Turner, 1931) and we remove it from the Tasmanian checklist. Biological information about Gallaba is very limited, but we have discovered that the larva of Gallaba kirkpatricki sp. nov. feeds on the pandaniform tall shrub Richea pandanifolia (Ericaceae: Epacridoideae). The Ericaceae is a novel hostplant family for Australian Notodontinae, although it is sparingly used by notodontines in tropical Asia. The mesic habitat and foodplants of these species are vulnerable to fire risk in montane areas which has been increasing rapidly in frequency and extent in recent years due to drying of the environment caused by climate change.
A new species and a new record of Kamimuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from western China
Authors: ZENG LIANG-LIANG , HUO QING-BO , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: December 2024

A new species of the genus Kamimuria Klapálek, 1907, K. gyracantha sp. nov., from Gansu, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces of western China is described. Kamimuria curriei Sivec & Stark, 2008, a species previously known only from Vietnam, is recorded for the first time from Guizhou Zone, China. Illustrations and color images are provided for each species and the new species is compared with related congeners.
Proxy- and Model-Estimated Coupled Megadroughts in the Southwestern Regions of North and South America
Authors: Cheung Anson H. , Smerdon Jason E. , Li Cuihua , Steiger Nathan J.
Published: December 2024

The North American Southwest (NASW) and South American Southwest (SASW) are regions susceptible to prolonged and intense droughts that can span a decade or more (i.e., megadroughts). Although the drivers and impacts of megadroughts in each region and their co-occurrence have been examined in paleoclimate reconstructions, it is not known whether climate models simulate co-occurring megadroughts in these regions with characteristics and drivers that are similar to the real world. We compare the temporal characteristics of concurrent megadroughts and the Pacific Ocean conditions associated with these events in the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation (PHYDA) product and the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME). We find that concurrent megadroughts in PHYDA and CESM-LME have similar temporal characteristics, but the relationship between hydroclimate conditions in the NASW and SASW is different between proxy-based estimates and the climate model. Further analyses reveal that changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean are weaker during concurrent megadroughts in the CESM-LME compared to those in PHYDA and that their teleconnection patterns and strengths are different. Reconstruction methodology is also found to be a factor in how the relationship between the tropical Pacific and each region is characterized. These results together indicate that while the CESM-LME simulates concurrent megadroughts with temporal characteristics similar to PHYDA, it does so for different reasons; this result leaves open the question of whether climate models used for future projections can accurately capture the risk of concurrent megadroughts in future projections.
Idiopathic recurrent ischemic priapism: a review of current literature and an algorithmic approach to evaluation and management
Authors: Yarak Naim , El Khoury Joey , Coloby Patrick , Bart Stéphane , Abdessater Maher
Published: December 2024

Background

Stuttering priapism is characterized by recurrent, self-limited episodes of penile erection lasting from a few minutes to a maximum of three hours, often resolving spontaneously. These episodes can occur with or without sexual stimulation. If not treated promptly and effectively, stuttering priapism can severely impact a patient’s quality of life, leading to significant psychological distress and anxiety related to sexual performance. Although it has been associated with various hematological disorders and pharmacological treatments, many cases of stuttering priapism remain idiopathic, meaning they have no identifiable cause. Currently, no conclusive randomized clinical trials exist on the management of idiopathic stuttering priapism. This study aims to review the existing literature on the pathophysiology and management of idiopathic stuttering priapism and propose an algorithm to assist physicians in its evaluation and treatment.

Results

A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, focusing on the terms “idiopathic,” “stuttering,” “ischemic,” and “priapism.” The search identified 23 relevant references published between 1991 and 2022. The selection and analysis of these studies adhered to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, and results were described qualitatively. Recent research into the effectiveness, sustainability, tolerability, and side effects of various treatments for idiopathic stuttering priapism has enhanced the understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. Various treatments, targeting different mechanisms, have been identified that can potentially reduce the frequency and severity of episodes and improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Current research predominantly addresses the acute treatment of idiopathic stuttering priapism rather than strategies to alter the disease’s overall course. The limited number of treatment reviews, case reports, and the low level of evidence available, combined with the absence of randomized clinical trials, prevent the establishment of a consensus on treatment protocols. As a result, idiopathic stuttering priapism remains under-recognized and under-treated. This review proposes a management framework to help clinicians access and apply the available literature effectively, minimizing the reliance on extensive case reports and review articles.
Causal effect of chemotherapy received dose intensity on survival outcome: a retrospective study in osteosarcoma
Authors: Spreafico Marta , Ieva Francesca , Fiocco Marta
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aims to analyse the effects of reducing Received Dose Intensity (RDI) in chemotherapy treatment for osteosarcoma patients on their survival by using a novel approach. Previous research has highlighted discrepancies between planned and actual RDI, even among patients randomized to the same treatment regimen. To mitigate toxic side effects, treatment adjustments, such as dose reduction or delayed courses, are necessary. Toxicities are therefore risk factors for mortality and predictors of future exposure levels. Toxicity introduces post-assignment confounding when assessing the causal effect of chemotherapy RDI on survival outcomes, a topic of ongoing debate.

Methods

Chemotherapy administration data from BO03 and BO06 Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) in ostosarcoma are employed to emulate a target trial with three RDI-based exposure strategies: 1) standard, 2) reduced, and 3) highly-reduced RDI. Investigations are conducted between subgroups of patients characterised by poor or good Histological Responses (HRe), i.e., the strongest known prognostic factor for survival in osteosarcoma. Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) is first used to transform the original population into a pseudo-population which mimics the target randomized cohort. Then, a Marginal Structural Cox Model with effect modification is employed. Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATEs) are ultimately measured as the difference between the Restricted Mean Survival Time of reduced/highly-reduced RDI strategy and the standard one. Confidence Intervals for CATEs are obtained using a novel IPTW-based bootstrap procedure.

Results

Significant effect modifications based on HRe were found. Increasing RDI-reductions led to contrasting trends for poor and good responders: the higher the reduction, the better (worsen) was the survival in poor (good) reponders. Due to their intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy, poor reponders could benefit from reduced RDI, with an average gain of 10.2 and 15.4 months at 5-year for reduced and highly-reduced exposures, respectively.

Conclusions

This study introduces a novel approach to (i) comprehensively address the challenges related to the analysis of chemotherapy data, (ii) mitigate the toxicity-treatment-adjustment bias, and (iii) repurpose existing RCT data for retrospective analyses extending beyond the original trials’ intended scopes.
Participant engagement and involvement in longitudinal cohort studies: qualitative insights from a selection of pregnancy and birth, twin, and family-based population cohort studies
Authors: Budin-Ljøsne Isabelle , Fredheim Nanna A. G. , Jevne Charlotte Alison , Kleven Bojana Milanovic , Charles Marie Aline , Felix Janine F. , Flaig Robin , García María Paz , Havdahl Alexandra , Islam Shahid , Kerr Shona M. , Meder Inger Kristine , Molloy Lynn , Morton Susan M. B. , Pizzi Costanza , Rahman Aamnah , Willemsen Gonneke , Wood Diane , Harris Jennifer R.
Published: December 2024

Background

Longitudinal cohort studies are pivotal to understand how socioeconomic, environmental, biological, and lifestyle factors influence health and disease. The added value of cohort studies increases as they accumulate life course data and expand across generations. Ensuring that participants stay motivated to contribute over decades of follow-up is, however, challenging. Participant engagement and involvement (PEI) aims to secure the long-term commitment of participants and promote researcher-participant interaction. This study explored PEI practices in a selection of pregnancy and birth, twin, and family-based population cohort studies.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used to identify cohorts in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Fourteen semi-structured digital interviews were conducted with cohort study representatives to explore strategies for participant recruitment, informed consent, communication of general and individual information to participants, data collection, and participant involvement. Experiences, resources allocated to PEI, and reflections on future PEI, were discussed. The interview data were analyzed using a content analysis approach and summary results were reviewed and discussed by the representatives.

Results

The cohort studies used various strategies to recruit participants including support from health professionals and organizations combined with information on the studies’ web sites and social media. New approaches such as intra-cohort recruitment, were being investigated. Most cohorts transitioned from paper-based to digital solutions to collect the participants’ consent and data. While digital solutions increased efficiency, they also brought new challenges. The studies experimented with the use of participant advisory panels and focus groups to involve participants in making decisions, although their success varied across age and socio-economic background. Most representatives reported PEI resources to be limited and called for more human, technical, educational and financial resources to maximize the positive effects of PEI.

Conclusions

This study of PEI among well-established cohort studies underscores the importance of PEI for project sustainability and highlights key factors to consider in developing PEI. Our analysis shows that knowledge gaps exist regarding which approaches have highest impact on retention rates and are best suited for different participant groups. Research is needed to support the development of best practices for PEI as well as knowledge exchange between cohorts through network building.
A mixed methods study of the postnatal care journey from birth to discharge in a maternity service in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Schmied Virginia , Myors Karen , Burns Elaine , Curry Joanne , Pangas Jacqueline , Dahlen Hannah G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Service gaps continue in hospital and community-based postnatal care despite a high prevalence of physical and mental health concerns reported by women following birth. The aim of this study was to describe the postnatal journey and the care provided to women and their babies who were at low risk for health complications from birth to discharge from the maternity service.

Methods

A mixed methods design was used to map the postnatal journey, for the woman and baby, from birth to discharge from the maternity service. Data were collected through activity diaries completed by 15 women and telephone interviews with the women two weeks after birth.

Results

The average hospital postnatal stay was 70 h and, in this time, the women received on average, a total of 3 h of direct care from a health professional. That is, 4.3% of the in-hospital postnatal stay was spent interacting with a health professional. Approximately 53 min of care in the postnatal unit was directed at the mother’s health, 50 min on the baby’s health needs, 43 min supporting breastfeeding and 20 min on discharge information. Most reported that hospital based postnatal care was helpful, although they reported that staff on the postnatal unit were rushed and mostly the midwife caring for them was unfamiliar to them. Breastfeeding support in the first 12–24 h was limited, with women wanting more one-on-one access to midwives. Some women received home-based midwifery care, and on average each home visit by a midwife was 29 min. Women who received home-based midwifery care reported that this care was very helpful. Women reported that home-based midwives were more likely to engage women in conversations about their social and emotional needs than hospital-based midwives. All mothers were offered a home visit from a child and family health nurse and most visited a general practitioner in the first week.

Conclusions

Women often experience limited time in direct interaction with midwives in the postnatal unit in hospital. Those who received midwifery care at home were more satisfied with this care, Women are requesting more support from professionals in the early postnatal period.
Short-term and long-term oncological outcomes of chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer patients with or without oxaliplatin: a propensity score-matched retrospective analysis
Authors: Azimi Amirali , Tabatabaei Fatemeh Sadat , Kolahdouzan Kasra , Rashidian Hamideh , Nourbakhsh Forouzan , Parizi Maryam Abedini , Darzikolaee Nima Mousavi , Bayani Reyhaneh , Salarvand Samaneh , Sharifian Azadeh , Bagheri Farzaneh , Rezaei Saeed , Nabian Naeim , Nazari Reza , Mohammadi Negin , Babaei Mohammad , Lashkari Marzieh , Farhan Farshid , Aghili Mahdi , Couñago Felipe , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Ghalehtaki Reza
Published: December 2024

Background/Aim

Current approaches for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) typically recommend neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) or its oral analogs followed by surgery as the standard of care. However, the question of whether intensifying concurrent chemotherapy by adding oxaliplatin to the 5FU-based backbone can yield better outcomes remains unresolved. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of incorporating oxaliplatin into fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to increase locoregional control and survival.

Methods

Among 290 patients with LARC admitted to the Iran Cancer Institute’s radiation oncology department between January 2008 and December 2019, 29 received CAPEOX (capecitabine 625 mg/m²/bid on RT days and weekly oxaliplatin 50 mg/m²), whereas 293 received capecitabine (825 mg/m² twice daily or rarely 5FU in the first 4 days and last week of radiotherapy (RT)). Variables potentially affecting treatment outcomes were used for propensity score matching. Kaplan‒Meier and log-rank tests were employed for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses and were adjusted with propensity score matching.

Results

Data from 29 patients who received CAPEOX and 216 patients who received capecitabine were analyzed after propensity score matching without replacement. After propensity score matching, in the multivariate analysis, CAPEOX significantly increased the likelihood of achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) by 4.38 times (CI: 1.90–10.08, p value < 0.001). However, CAPEOX did not demonstrate any statistically significant predictive value for DFS (P = 0.500) or OS (P = 0.449).

Conclusion

The addition of oxaliplatin resulted in a significantly higher rate of pCR without any translation into long-term survival outcomes.
The impact of a dedicated checklist on the quality of onsite management of critically buried avalanche victims in cardiac arrest in a Swiss helicopter emergency medical service
Authors: Trolliet Maxime , Pasquier Mathieu , Blancher Marc , Albrecht Roland , Lovis Alban , Brugger Hermann , Kottmann Alexandre
Published: December 2024

Background

The management of avalanche victims in cardiac arrest (CA) is a challenging situation for rescuers. Despite existing specific management algorithms, previous studies have reported poor compliance with international guidelines and incomplete documentation and transmission of the information required for patient management. The Avalanche Victim Resuscitation Checklist (AVRC) was developed in 2014 in response by the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine. Our aim was to assess the impact of the AVRC on the quality of onsite management of critically buried avalanche victims in CA, i.e. the compliance of management with international guidelines and the completeness of documentation of avalanche specific information.

Methods

We assessed compliance and documentation in a Swiss helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) between January 2010 and April 2020. Victims buried for more than 24 h were excluded.

Results

In the 10-year study period, 87 critically buried avalanche victims in CA were treated by the HEMS, 44 of them after the introduction of the AVRC. Enough information was available to assess management compliance in over 90% of cases (n = 79). Inadequate management (n = 25, 32%) and incomplete documentation occurred more often in patients with a long burial duration. After the introduction of the AVRC, the compliance of patient management with the guidelines increased by 36% (from 59 to 95%, p < 0.05) and led to complete documentation of the required information for patient management.

Conclusions

The use of the AVRC improves the quality of management of critically buried avalanche victims in CA and ensures complete documentation of avalanche specific information. Quality improvement efforts should focus on the management of avalanche victims with a long burial duration. The use of the AVRC enables identification and appropriate treatment of patients with hypothermic cardiac arrest.
Scalable camera traps for measuring the attractiveness of sugar baits for controlling malaria and dengue vectors
Authors: Meza Felician C. , Tenywa Frank C. , Ashall Simon , Okumu Fredros O. , Moore Sarah J. , Tripet Frederic
Published: December 2024

Background

Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) are promising new interventions that can complement existing vector control tools. However, reproducible and quantitative information on the level of attractiveness of ATSBs under field conditions is needed. Therefore, we customized camera traps for close-up imaging. We integrated them into a rugged ATSB monitoring station for day and nighttime recording of mosquitoes landing on the bait.

Methods

The camera traps were evaluated in a semifield system and then in the field in rural Tanzania. In semifield experiments, camera traps were set up in large cages (2 m × 5 m × 2 m) to record mosquitoes landing on an attractive sugar bait (ASB), a blank ASB, or 20% sucrose (w/v). Next, 198 mosquitoes (33 males and 33 females of Anopheles arabiensis, An. funestus and Aedes aegypti) were released into each large cage and allowed to seek a sugar meal for 72 h with a camera recording images of the mosquitoes present on the ASB at 1-min intervals. In the field, 16 camera traps were set in 16 households, 7 with ASB attractant, 7 with ASB blank, and 2 with 20% sucrose (w/v). Human landing catch (HLC) was performed on the same nights as the camera trap recordings.

Results

Under semifield conditions, significantly more mosquitoes visited the ASBs than the blank baits, with An. funestus visiting more frequently than An. arabiensis. There were no significant differences between female and male An. arabiensis visits, but female An. funestus visited more than their conspecific males did. The duration of visits did not vary between the ASB and blank controls or between the mosquito species. Moreover, mosquitoes visited the ASB or sucrose equally, with An. arabiensis visiting the baits more than An. funestus. Compared with male mosquitoes, female mosquitoes visited the baits more often. There was no significant difference in visit duration between the species. 

In the field study, a mean of 70 An. arabiensis were caught per person per night on HLC, while 1 individual was caught per night on ASBs. There were significantly more visits by mosquitoes to the ASB than to the ASB blanks or sucrose solution, with more An. arabiensis visiting the baits than An. funestus or Culex quinquefasciatus. Significantly more females than males visited the baits of all the species. Again, the duration of visits was similar among An. arabiensis, An. funestus and C. quinquefasciatus. Aedes aegypti very rarely visited ASBs in the semifield experiments, and none were observed on baits in the field.

Conclusions

Using camera traps to record still images of mosquitoes on ASBs offers reliable, reproducible and quantitative information on their attractiveness in various environmental conditions. Thus, camera traps serve as effective tools for evaluating and improving ATSB technology.

Graphical abstract
Fatigue and recovery in ballet: Exploring the experiences of professional South African ballet dancers
Authors: Smith Lania-Schane , Louw Quinette Abigail , Brink Yolandi
Published: December 2024

Background

Professional South African ballet dancers face a higher risk of overuse injuries and overtraining syndrome as compared to dancers from other countries; especially towards the end of a ballet season. Fatigue is a major factor leading to overtraining syndrome and injuries in professional ballet dancers. The study aimed to explore the fatigue and recovery experiences of South African ballet dancers, highlighting how they navigate these aspects and the strategies they employ for recovery.

Methods

Snowball sampling was employed to recruit ten professional South African ballet dancers. Between March and June 2023, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted online using Microsoft Teams. The interview schedule, informed by previous research, delved into the dancers’ fatigue and recovery experiences. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Seven main themes were developed from the data. Participants distinguished between mental and physical fatigue, highlighting the impact of mental fatigue on their well-being. They identified factors contributing to fatigue, including high external pressure, motivated behaviours, and expectations from audiences and management. These contributors often resulted in injuries, mandatory breaks, and sub-optimal performance. Participants accepted fatigue as inherent to their profession, emphasising mental resilience. Recovery practices included psychological, nutritional, and active strategies. The COVID-19 lockdown provided a respite from external pressures, allowing for improved recovery, but participants faced challenges upon returning to work. Gradually increasing practice time and exposure to external pressures assisted ballet dancers in effectively managing fatigue and enhancing their recovery as they returned to work.

Conclusion

This study offers a perspective of fatigue and recovery in a sample of professional ballet dancers in South Africa. It emphasises the ongoing significance of fatigue and recovery and the necessity for effective strategies by arts organisations, mental health professionals, and academic researchers to support artists. The insights gained from this research could be crucial in redesigning training programs for dancers, adjusting training intensity and volume to enhance performance, and promoting recovery. Furthermore, this information serves as a strong rationale for adopting a holistic approach to fatigue and recovery, emphasising the importance of a collaborative effort to address these aspects effectively.
Sort & Slice: a simple and superior alternative to hash-based folding for extended-connectivity fingerprints
Authors: Dablander Markus , Hanser Thierry , Lambiotte Renaud , Morris Garrett M.
Published: December 2024

Extended-connectivity fingerprints (ECFPs) are a ubiquitous tool in current cheminformatics and molecular machine learning, and one of the most prevalent molecular feature extraction techniques used for chemical prediction. Atom features learned by graph neural networks can be aggregated to compound-level representations using a large spectrum of graph pooling methods. In contrast, sets of detected ECFP substructures are by default transformed into bit vectors using only a simple hash-based folding procedure. We introduce a general mathematical framework for the vectorisation of structural fingerprints via a formal operation called substructure pooling that encompasses hash-based folding, algorithmic substructure selection, and a wide variety of other potential techniques. We go on to describe Sort & Slice, an easy-to-implement and bit-collision-free alternative to hash-based folding for the pooling of ECFP substructures. Sort & Slice first sorts ECFP substructures according to their relative prevalence in a given set of training compounds and then slices away all but the L most frequent substructures which are subsequently used to generate a binary fingerprint of desired length, L. We computationally compare the performance of hash-based folding, Sort & Slice, and two advanced supervised substructure-selection schemes (filtering and mutual-information maximisation) for ECFP-based molecular property prediction. Our results indicate that, despite its technical simplicity, Sort & Slice robustly (and at times substantially) outperforms traditional hash-based folding as well as the other investigated substructure-pooling methods across distinct prediction tasks, data splitting techniques, machine-learning models and ECFP hyperparameters. We thus recommend that Sort & Slice canonically replace hash-based folding as the default substructure-pooling technique to vectorise ECFPs for supervised molecular machine learning.

Scientific contribution

A general mathematical framework for the vectorisation of structural fingerprints called substructure pooling; and the technical description and computational evaluation of Sort & Slice, a conceptually simple and bit-collision-free method for the pooling of ECFP substructures that robustly and markedly outperforms classical hash-based folding at molecular property prediction.
Ramifications of flipped classroom model on second language teachers’ professional identity in Turkish tertiary hybrid education context
Authors: Şan Nalan
Published: December 2024

As the traditional teaching paradigm is reversed in Flipped Classroom Model (FCM), it has the potential to empower the teacher to allocate more valuable face-to-face classroom time for productive language tasks. Digital flipped course contents encourage the students and the teacher to take advantage of becoming a member in an online learning community and engage in a social-constructive learning approach. Such a profound shift from the traditional teaching and learning paradigm may influence the identity progression of L2 teachers. This longitudinal study aims to explore the ramifications of flipped grammar teaching on four L2 teachers’ identity progression over the course of two academic years within the three fundamental modes of belonging for identity formation, namely engagement, alignment, and imagination, identified by Wenger (1999) at tertiary level. Methodological triangulation was adopted to boost the transferability and reliability of the findings. Semi-structured interviews provided in-depth insights into the four L2 teachers’ relational thinking about flipped grammar teaching and their professional identity progression. The data also included four hours of classroom observations to witness the real-life implications of teachers’ accounts. The twofold data was analyzed using deductive content analysis. The results indicated that English teachers need to make long lasting and conscious efforts towards a reconciliation between their existing identities and FCM. The teachers not only need to find accommodation strategies to ensure better integration of reluctant students into FCM but also overcome their own accuracy-based exam anxiety as they redefine their grammar identities incorporating FCM.
Transcriptomic analysis delineates potential regulatory network as therapeutic alternatives in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tasneem Alvea , Sharma Archana , Syed Mansoor Ali , Dohare Ravins
Published: December 2024

Background

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) relapse and progression after discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) therapy in the chronic phase (CP) are attributed to primitive quiescent leukemic progenitor cells (LPCs). This study aimed to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in molecular pathways alternative to BCR-ABL, which could lead to the eradication of leukemic stem/progenitor cells.

Methods

mRNA expression profiling dataset comprising newly diagnosed untreated CP CML leukemic progenitor cell samples $$\left( {n = 5} \right)$$

n
=
5

and normal hematopoietic progenitor cell samples $$\left( {n = 5} \right)$$

n
=
5

were selected for DEGs identification. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed to identify significant hub modules. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and pathway enrichment analysis provided additional information on the biological pathways involved. The genes involved in the resultant PPI network were subjected to a gene transcriptional regulatory network based on transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the target genes.

Results

A total of 709 genes that were differentially expressed among those corresponding to $$p < 0.05$$

p
<
0.05

and $$\left| {\log_{2} \left( {FC} \right)} \right| > 0.5$$

log
2

FC

>
0.5

. The WGCNA showed a significant hub module comprising 267 DEGs. The major pathways of the hub genes involved in the PPI network at the highest confidence score $$> 0.9$$

>
0.9

were related to mitochondrial translational elongation. The integrated gene transcriptional regulatory network revealed a TF (ETS1), two miRNAs (miR-34a-5p and miR-205-5p) targeting a hub gene (GFM1) as the highest-order motif or subnetwork in the three-node miRNA feed-forward loop.

Conclusions

The study suggests that the regulatory feed-forward loop may provide a potential therapeutic target in CML. Consequently, the mitochondrial translation pathway may be explored as an alternative to BCR-ABL pathways, which could aid in eliminating or increasing sensitization of CML progenitor/stem cells to TKI treatment.
Cellular translational enhancer elements that recruit eukaryotic initiation factor 3
Authors: Koubek Jiří , Kaur Jaswinder , Bhandarkar Shivani , Lewis Cole J.T. , Niederer Rachel O. , Stanciu Andrei , Aitken Colin Echeverría , Gilbert Wendy V.
Published: December 2024

Translation initiation is a highly regulated process that broadly affects eukaryotic gene expression. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a central player in canonical and alternative pathways for ribosome recruitment. Here, we have investigated how direct binding of eIF3 contributes to the large and regulated differences in protein output conferred by different 5′-untranslated regions (5′ UTRs) of cellular mRNAs. Using an unbiased high-throughput approach to determine the affinity of budding yeast eIF3 for native 5′ UTRs from 4252 genes, we demonstrate that eIF3 binds specifically to a subset of 5′ UTRs that contain a short unstructured binding motif, AMAYAA. eIF3-binding mRNAs have higher ribosome density in growing cells and are preferentially translated under certain stress conditions, supporting the functional relevance of this interaction. Our results reveal a new class of translational enhancers and suggest a mechanism by which changes in core initiation factor activity enact mRNA-specific translation programs.
Perfil da infecção por poliomavírus em pacientes transplantados renais em uso de terapia imunossupressora
Authors: Carvalho de Oliveira Paolla Emanuella , Hesron Ferreira Emiliano Jan , Paula Lima Diogo , Aguiar Luana , Giulia Corsi Guendalina , Queiroz Lima Emily , Mateus da Silva Jessiana , Castro Brasil Nicole , Rodrigues Lima Eduarda , Dionys Rodrigues da Costa Mac , Pereira Lima Carlos Eduardo , Lima Sampaio Tiago
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: comparar o risco de infecção pelo vírus BK em pacientes transplantados renais tratados com dois diferentes esquemas terapêuticos. Além disso, avaliou-se a influência de fatores sociodemográficos no risco de infecção pelo vírus entre os dois grupos de tratamento. Métodos: realizou-se a pesquisa com dados coletados entre 2019 e 2023 a partir de prontuários eletrônicos, em um hospital universitário de Fortaleza. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando o software JAMOVI, sendo aplicados os testes qui-quadrado para avaliar a associação entre os fatores de risco e infecção por BKV e os testes ANOVA e teste t de Student para avaliar a associação entre os fatores de risco e o tempo médio de internação. Resultados: a avaliação estatística pelo teste T de Student não apresentou diferenças significativas no tempo de internação entre pacientes do sexo masculino e feminino (p>0,05), e o tempo de internação dos pacientes também não foi estatisticamente relacionado com o uso de corticosteroides na terapia imunossupressora (p>0,05), positividade para o BKV (p>0,05) e também não foi diferente com relação aos diversos esquemas de imunossupressão adotados (p>0,05). A análise estatística com o teste qui-quadrado não identificou uma associação significativa entre os imunossupressores utilizados e a infecção pelo o vírus BK pós-transplante. Conclusão: a prevalência da infecção pelo vírus está muito mais relacionada com a intensidade da imunossupressão do que a natureza dos imunossupressores utilizados, ressaltando a importância do monitoramento dos níveis séricos.
Il Fu Mattia Pascal di Luigi Pirandello
Authors: Ιωαννίδου Βικτωρία
Published: December 2024

Αυτή η διατριβή εξετάζει το μυθιστόρημα Ο Μακαρίτης Ματτία Πασκάλ του Λουίτζι Πιραντέλο, εστιάζοντας στη σύνδεση της αφήγησης με κοινωνιολογικές και φιλοσοφικές πτυχές του δικαίου. Η έρευνα αναλύει τις κρίσεις ταυτότητας, την ελευθερία και τις κοινωνικές συμβάσεις μέσα από την πορεία του πρωταγωνιστή, εξετάζοντας τη σχέση ατόμου και κοινωνίας.Χρησιμοποιώντας διεπιστημονικές προσεγγίσεις (φιλοσοφία, κοινωνιολογία, μεταφηγηματικότητα και φιλοσοφία του δικαίου), η διατριβή αναδεικνύει πώς το δίκαιο λειτουργεί ως αναπόδραστος μηχανισμός εξουσίας και περιορισμού, αποτυπώνοντας τη σύγκρουση ανάμεσα στην αυθεντικότητα και τις κοινωνικές προσδοκίες, τόσο σε ατομικό όσο και σε συλλογικό επίπεδο. Τέλος, εξετάζονται οι πολιτισμικές και ιστορικές συνθήκες της Ιταλίας του πρώτου μισού του 20ού αιώνα, που διαμορφώνουν τους προβληματισμούς του Πιραντέλο για την ταυτότητα, την αλήθεια και τη δικαιοσύνη.
Psychiatrists’ reactions to a patient’s suicide – narrative review
Authors: Wingralek Zuzanna Joanna , Kasprzak Karol , Dyzma-Kasprzak Agnieszka , Juchnowicz Dariusz , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna
Published: December 2024

Wstęp

Samobójstwo pacjenta może mieć głęboki wpływ na stan emocjonalny i praktykę zawodową klinicystów, którzy byli zaangażowani w opiekę nad pacjentem. Celem pracy było: 1) określenie rozpowszechnienia doświadczenia śmierci samobójczej pacjenta przez psychiatrę, 2) porównanie reakcji lekarzy na śmierć pacjenta uwarunkowaną różnymi przyczynami, 3) określenie wpływu samobójstwa pacjenta na stan emocjonalny i praktykę zawodową psychiatrów, 4) wskazanie możliwych interwencji i wsparcia psychicznego lekarzy.

Materiał i metody

Dokonano przeglądu literatury w języku polskim oraz angielskim, używając słów kluczy: samobójstwo pacjenta, reakcja psychiatrów, wsparcie psychiczne (ang. patient suicide, reaction of psychiatrists, mental support), przeszukując bazy PubMed/MEDLINE oraz Google Scholar w okresie do 7 marca 2024 roku. Analizie poddano łącznie 56 publikacji, w tym 41 oryginalnych prac badawczych i 15 prac przeglądowych, wykorzystując skalę SANRA do zapewnienia jakości przeglądu narracyjnego.

Wyniki

Samobójstwa pacjenta doświadczyło w swojej praktyce od 38,8% o 91,5% psychiatrów, co w wiązało się z następującymi konsekwencjami: 1. zmianą stanu emocjonalnego (pojawienie się smutku, lęku, niedowierzania, złości, żalu, wstydu; rzadziej- rozwojem ostrej reakcji na stres, zespołu stresu pourazowego), 2. wpływie na praktykę zawodową (zwątpienie w swoje kompetencje, strach przed odpowiedzialnością zawodową oraz krytyką, zwiększenie liczby konsultacji, nadmiernie nasilone przestrzeganie środków bezpieczeństwa, zbyt częste i długie hospitalizacje pacjentów). Odpowiednie wsparcie psychiczne, w tym szczególnie ze strony bardziej doświadczonych kolegów oraz osób najbliższych, wpływało na redukcję negatywnych konsekwencji wśród lekarzy.

Wnioski

Biorąc pod uwagę dużą skalę zjawiska istotne jest zauważenie problemu ogromnego obciążenia emocjonalnego psychiatrów śmiercią samobójczą pacjenta oraz wpływu na ich praktykę zawodową, a także budowanie sprawnego systemu szkoleń i wsparcia psychicznego.