bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformation and membrane interaction studies of the potent antimicrobial and anticancer peptide palustrin-Ca
Authors: Timmons Patrick B. , Hewage Chandralal M.
Published: November 2021

Palustrin-Ca (GFLDIIKDTGKEFAVKILNNLKCKLAGGCPP) is a host defence peptide with potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities, first isolated from the skin of the American bullfrogLithobates catesbeianus. The peptide is 31 amino acid residues long, cationic and amphipathic. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was employed to characterise its three-dimensional structure in a 50/50% water/2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-$$d_{3}$$d3mixture. The structure is defined by an$$\alpha$$α-helix that spans between Ile$$^{6}$$6-Ala$$^{26}$$26, and a cyclic disulfide-bridged domain at the C-terminal end of the peptide sequence, between residues 23 and 29. A molecular dynamics simulation was employed to model the peptide’s interactions with sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, a widely used bacterial membrane-mimicking environment. Throughout the simulation, the peptide was found to maintain its$$\alpha$$α-helical conformation between residues Ile$$^{6}$$6-Ala$$^{26}$$26, while adopting a position parallel to the surface to micelle, which is energetically-favourable due to many hydrophobic and electrostatic contacts with the micelle.
Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations
Authors: Bi Wenlei , Hou Rong , Owens Jacob R. , Spotila James R. , Valitutto Marc , Yin Guan , Paladino Frank V. , Wu Fanqi , Qi Dunwu , Zhang Zhihe
Published: November 2021

Knowledge of energy expenditure informs conservation managers for long term plans for endangered species health and habitat suitability. We measured field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-roaming giant pandas in large enclosures in a nature reserve using the doubly labeled water method. Giant pandas in zoo like enclosures had a similar FMR (14,182 kJ/day) to giant pandas in larger field enclosures (13,280 kJ/day). In winter, giant pandas raised their metabolic rates when living at − 2.4 °C (36,108 kJ/day) indicating that they were below their thermal neutral zone. The lower critical temperature for thermoregulation was about 8.0 °C and the upper critical temperature was about 28 °C. Giant panda FMRs were somewhat lower than active metabolic rates of sloth bears, lower than FMRs of grizzly bears and polar bears and 69 and 81% of predicted values based on a regression of FMR versus body mass of mammals. That is probably due to their lower levels of activity since other bears actively forage for food over a larger home range and pandas often sit in a patch of bamboo and eat bamboo for hours at a time. The low metabolic rates of giant pandas in summer, their inability to acquire fat stores to hibernate in winter, and their ability to raise their metabolic rate to thermoregulate in winter are energetic adaptations related to eating a diet composed almost exclusively of bamboo. Differences in FMR of giant pandas between our study and previous studies (one similar and one lower) appear to be due to differences in activity of the giant pandas in those studies.
Non-cancer disease prevalence and association with occupational radiation exposure among Korean radiation workers
Authors: Park Soojin , Lee Dal Nim , Jin Young Woo , Cha Eun Shil , Jang Won-Il , Park Sunhoo , Seo Songwon
Published: November 2021

Radiation-induced cancer risks have known stochastic effects; however, regarding non-cancer diseases, evidence of risk at low radiation doses remains unclear. We aimed to identify underlying characteristics concerning non-cancer disease prevalence and determine associations with radiation dose among Korean radiation workers. Using a nationwide baseline survey, 20,608 workers were enrolled. Data concerning participant demographics, occupational characteristics, lifestyle, and lifetime prevalence of non-cancer diseases were linked to a national dose registry. We compared non-cancer disease prevalences in the Korean general population with those in this cohort and undertook a dose–response analysis concerning the cumulative dose. Hyperlipidemia (10.6%), circulatory (9.6%), and respiratory (4.1%) system diseases, followed by thyroid diseases (3.5%), had the highest prevalences, with hyperlipidemia, thyroid diseases, and hepatitis prevalence being higher in the cohort than in the general population. Radiation doses were associated with elevated prevalences of most diseases; however, associations were attenuated and not significant after adjusting for confounders, except for musculoskeletal system diseases (prevalence odds ratio [POR]/10 mSv, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.07) and cataracts (POR/10 mSv, 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.07). Further studies are warranted to investigate the causality of those non-cancer diseases involving more varied confounders such as physical and psychosocial stresses and ultraviolet light.
Non-equilibrium phase transition at a critical point of human blood
Authors: Pietruszka Mariusz A.
Published: November 2021

Blood is the basic medium in the existence, evolution and physiological balance of animals and represents the biochemical “Internet” of the body; at least human blood exhibit the presence of an emergent phase that is highly unusual. Homeostasis, the state of the optimal functioning of the body, is maintained in living organisms by many chemical and physical conditions, particularly temperature. However, no regulatory mechanism has been identified that has led to a predetermined (molecularly encoded) optimal, individually variable, very specific temperature of around 36 °C. Additionally, the homeostatic temperature range, which is kept within predetermined limits, is merely an empirical fact. In the following, I will show that thereference temperaturethat is necessary to achieve homeostasis can be established, and a presethomeostatic rangecan be determined, using an original experimental method and refined tools of mathematical physics related to the nonlinear measures of the complexity of human blood. Moreover, signatures of a macroscopic coherent state in a non-equilibrium system at a critical temperature are obtained.
Age varying polygenic effects on alcohol use in African Americans and European Americans from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Elam Kit K. , Ha Thao , Neale Zoe , Aliev Fazil , Dick Danielle , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn
Published: November 2021

Genetic effects on alcohol use can vary over time but are often examined using longitudinal models that predict a distal outcome at a single time point. The vast majority of these studies predominately examine effects using White, European American (EA) samples or examine the etiology of genetic variants identified from EA samples in other racial/ethnic populations, leading to inconclusive findings about genetic effects on alcohol use. The current study examined how genetic influences on alcohol use varied by age across a 15 year period within a diverse ethnic/racial sample of adolescents. Using a multi-ethnic approach, polygenic risk scores were created for African American (AA, n = 192) and EA samples (n = 271) based on racially/ethnically aligned genome wide association studies. Age-varying associations between polygenic scores and alcohol use were examined from age 16 to 30 using time-varying effect models separately for AA and EA samples. Polygenic risk for alcohol use was found to be associated with alcohol use from age 22–27 in the AA sample and from age 24.50 to 29 in the EA sample. Results are discussed relative to the intersection of alcohol use and developmental genetic effects in diverse populations.
Shallow-emerged coral may warn of deep-sea coral response to thermal stress
Authors: Johnstone Julia W. , Waller Rhian G. , Stone Robert P.
Published: November 2021

In the Gulf of Alaska, commercially harvested fish species utilize habitats dominated by red tree corals (Primnoa pacifica) for shelter, feeding, and nurseries, but recent studies hint that environmental conditions may be interrupting the reproductive lifecycle of the corals. The North Pacific has experienced persistent and extreme thermal variability in recent years and this pattern is predicted to continue in coming decades. Recent discovery of deep-water emerged coral populations in Southeast Alaska fjords provided opportunity for detailed life-history studies and comparison to corals in managed habitats on the continental shelf. Here we show that sperm from deep colonies develops completely, but in shallow colonies, sperm development is prematurely halted, likely preventing successful production of larvae. We hypothesize that the divergence is due to differing temperature regimes presently experienced by the corals. Compared to deep populations below the thermocline, shallow populations experience much greater seasonal thermal variability and annual pulses of suspected near-lethal temperatures that appear to interrupt the production of viable gametes. The unique opportunity to comprehensively study emerged populations presently affected by thermal stress provides advance warning of the possible fate of deep corals in the Gulf of Alaska that will soon experience similar ocean conditions.
Tandem Mass Tag labelling quantitative acetylome analysis of differentially modified proteins during mycoparasitism of Clonostachys chloroleuca 67–1
Authors: Jiang Na , Lv Binna , Wu Haixia , Li Shidong , Sun Manhong
Published: November 2021

Lysine acetylation (Kac) is an important post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins in all organisms, but its functions have not been extensively explored in filamentous fungi. In this study, a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labelling lysine acetylome was constructed, and differentially modified Kac proteins were quantified during mycoparasitism and vegetative growth in the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys chloroleuca 67–1, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A total of 1448 Kac sites were detected on 740 Kac proteins, among which 126 sites on 103 proteins were differentially regulated. Systematic bioinformatics analyses indicate that the modified Kac proteins were from multiple subcellular localizations and involved in diverse functions including chromatin assembly, glycometabolism and redox activities. All Kac sites were characterized by 10 motifs, including the novel CxxKac motif. The results suggest that Kac proteins may have effects of broadly regulating protein interaction networks during C. chloroleuca parasitism to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia. This is the first report of a correlation between Kac events and the biocontrol activity of C. chloroleuca. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying C. chloroleuca control of plant fungal pathogens regulated by Kac proteins.
Unraveling the microstructural and optoelectronic properties of solution-processed Pr-doped SrSnO3 perovskite oxide thin films
Authors: Shaili Hamza , Salmani Elmehdi , Beraich Mustapha , Taibi M'hamed , Rouchdi Mustapha , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid , Hassanain Najem , Mzerd Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Unraveling the optical, electronic and electrical properties of high-quality nanorod morphology spray-coated Pr-doped SrSnO3 perovskite oxide thin films.
Insights into the thermal conductivity of MOF-5 from first principles
Authors: Zhang Shenglong , Liu Jian , Liu Linhua
Published: November 2021

The mechanism of thermal transport in MOF-5 and the tailoring strategies of thermal conductivity κ via metal substitution and strain engineering were investigated by first-principles calculations.
Surface adsorption of nitrosourea on pristine and doped (Al, Ga and In) boron nitride nanosheets as anticancer drug carriers: the DFT and COSMO insights
Authors: Ema Shania Nusrat , Khaleque Md. Abdul , Ghosh Ananya , Piya Afiya Akter , Habiba Umme , Shamim Siraj Ud Daula
Published: November 2021

Doped (Al, Ga and In)-BNNS can be used as fascinating drug carriers for the NU drug.
Revisiting salicylidene-based anion receptors
Authors: Dey Sandeep Kumar , Kumari Sonam , Mandrekar Sonal , Mhaldar Shashank N. , Harmalkar Sarvesh S. , Janiak Christoph
Published: November 2021

Salicylidene Schiff bases undergo imine bond hydrolysis in the presence of halides and oxo-anions in aprotic media, raising fundamental questions on the applicability of salicylidene-based receptors as anion sensors.
New triterpenes from Cimicifuga yunnanensis down-regulating the mRNA expression of CD147, MMP-2, and MMP-9
Authors: Lu Ni-Hong , Li Jie , Yang Yong-Rui , Liu Hong-Lu , Du Ying-Rong
Published: November 2021

Eleven new 9,19-cycloartane triterpenes (CTs) (1–9, 11–12) and one undescribed lanostane-type aglycone (10) were identified from Cimicifuga yunnanensis. CTs aglycones 7 and 8 potently down-regulated the mRNA expression of CD147, MMP-2, and MMP-9.
Surface and subsurface engineering geological mapping for empirical designs of excavation method and support system of Tunnel 6 of Jakarta-Bandung high speed railway, Indonesia
Authors: Malda Octavika , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Akmaluddin Akmaluddin
Published: November 2021

Empirical design of support system at the Tunnel 6 of the Jakarta – Bandung high-speed railway was based on the Basic Quality (BQ) system, which had not been adopted in Indonesia. This research was carried out to better understand the rock mass quality at the tunnel construction site by comparing rock mass quality determined by the BQ system to that determined by two more popular rock mass classifications, namely the Geological Strength Index (GSI) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR). Surface and subsurface engineering geological mapping were carried out and tunnel excavation method and support system were proposed. The engineering geological model of the BQ, GSI, and RMR systems showed that the sedimentary rock masses of the Miocene Jatiluhur Formation generally had poor to very poor quality, while those of the Quaternary Volcanic Formation had very poor to good quality. Based on the RMR, the stand-up time values of the sedimentary rock masses were predicted to be relatively low as compared with those of the Quaternary Volcanic Formation, implying requirement of a relatively quick support system installation after excavation. In general, a combination of systematic bolt, shotcrete and steel ribs is the recommended support system for this tunnel.
Vulnerability analysis toward river flooding in the Comal Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Yunus Aris , Marfai Muh Aris , Hadi Muhammad Pramono , Ronggowulan Lintang , Wardhani Puspita Indra
Published: November 2021

River flooding is a disaster that almost every year hits the downstream Comal watershed. This incident resulted in material, psychological, and even casualties. Therefore, a vulnerability analysis is needed to reduce the impact of flooding. This study aims to analyze the vulnerability to river flooding in the downstream Comal Watershed area, Indonesia. Vulnerability variables used are social, economic, physical, and ecological (environmental) vulnerability following the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) Regulation 2012. Data were obtained from government agencies and interpretation of SPOT 5 satellite imagery. Data analysis were carried out using scoring and weighting. Moreover, the data classification were using the mean and standard deviation equations. The analysis showed that the vulnerability to river flooding in the Comal watershed area was dominated by a moderate vulnerable class of 10,832.15 hectares (49.69%) and distributed in 26 villages. Furthermore, the high level of vulnerability also covered a large area by 8,773.11 hectares (40.24%), and distributed across 29 villages. Therefore, proper river flooding mitigation planning with the characteristics of the area is needed.
Study of the Economic Valuation of Gemah Beach Tourism During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Tulungagung Regency, East Java
Authors: Mandela Vivi Tiara , Sudrajat Sudrajat , Harini Rika
Published: November 2021

The engulfing COVID-19 pandemic in various regions affected various sectors, one of which was the Indonesian tourism sector. The policy of social restrictions and travel restrictions led to a decrease in tourists at almost all tourist attractions. The purpose of this study is to identify the type of economic value generated by Gemah Beach tourism objects during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluate the total economic value generated by Gemah Beach tourism objects during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research method uses a survey method by taking a sample of a number of tourists, business people, managers of Gemah Beach tourism objects. The type of data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. The economic valuation method is used to calculate the total economic value of the Gemah Beach tourism object obtained from direct use value, indirect use value, preferred use value, existence value, and bequest value. Data analysis used descriptive quantitative. The results of the study still found various types of economic activities carried out by business actors at the Gemah Beach tourism object during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the government’s social and economic restrictions. Meanwhile, based on the results of the economic valuation of the Gemah Beach tourism object during the COVID-19 pandemic, a total economic value of IDR 28,131,949,529 was obtained. The total economic value, according to tourism managers, is lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic due to activity restrictions and a decrease in the number of visitors. Optimizing the economic and natural potential of the Gemah Beach tourist attraction with the fulfillment of facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the COVID-19 health protocol can be used as a strategy in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic so that the tourism industry can continue to grow.
The relevancy of law enforcement toward water quality in Kali Buntung’s downstream area
Authors: Gunawan Lisa Elizabeth , Santoso Irwan Bagyo
Published: November 2021

Kali Buntung actually is a man-made afvoer river. However, due to city development, the location now become a strategic asset for Sidoarjo Region. Due to that reason, this river experience external forces such as rapid land conversion, social, law enforcement, upstream quality, rainfall and surrounding businesses that make the rivers’ burden much heavier. This paper aims to investigate the external forces matters and the calculating the impact of those external forces towards the water quality in Kali Buntung’s downstream area. Using Structural Equation Model (SEM) as the basis to produce such intended result, the indicator data will be processed using SMART PLS statistic software. The result of this research was: (1) the upstream water quality is very significant with the water quality in downstream. (2) rainfall have a significant effect toward upstream water’s revitalization process along the way the water flows toward the downstream. (3) social and business aspects have significant influence to the water quality in downstream. (4) law enforcement has positive impact on downstream’s water quality, even surpass either the rainfall or business factors. (5) the law enforcement to businesses may reward greater impact than to the common inhabitant surrounding. (6) since land conversion is inevitable, law enforcement might be the only way to keep enjoying the favorable impact of business capability and agriculture field to reduce the pollutant in Kali Buntung’s downstream.
Mineralogy of hydrothermal breccia cement of Humpa Leu East porphyry copper-gold prospect, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia
Authors: Verdiansyah Okki , Idrus Arifudin , Setijadji Lucas Donny , Sutopo Bronto , Sukadana I Gde
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is a country that has several world-class copper-gold deposits, particularly in eastern Sunda arc. The Hu’u complex has several prospects in the surface as lithocap of extensive epithermal style alteration, but some were detected associated with porphyry beneath the surface. The study focuses on hydrothermal breccia cement as a factor influencing the porphyry system in the Hu’u district. The methods used is mineralogical analysis with petrography and μ-XRF elemental mapping on hydrothermal breccia samples. The Hu’u district is interpreted as a paleo-volcano; a member of the Old Volcanics Rocks Formation. The Humpa Leu East lithology consists of pre-volcanics unit (lava and pyroclastics), diorite, andesite-μ-diorite, and tonalitic intrusion at the depth. Hydrothermal alteration evolved from tonalite body to outward, consist of potassic, inner propyllitic and overprinted by phyllic and advanced argillic. Several phases of hydrothermal activities occur in this system, including the hydrothermal breccia phase associated with complex fluids. The hydrothermal cement of Humpa Leu East porphyry at least have three phases of mineralogical assemblages and possibly influencing the mineralization. The mineralogical assemblage of hydrothermal cement in HLE consists of quartz-feldspar-plagioclase-biotite as a high-temperature phase; then followed by epidote-sericite-chlorites-anhydrite-carbonates in medium temperature; there are aluminum-rich clay minerals interpreted as gibbsite. Mineralization occurs in three phases including chalcopyrite-magnetite, bornite-chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite-sphalerite phases. The occurrences of chalcopyrite at all phases indicate the stability of intermediate sulfidation proses in Humpa Leu and as a possible factor to answer the abundant copper in the Hu’u hydrothermal fluid system
Travel characteristics of suburban residents during the COVID-19 pandemic (case study of Sonosewu, Bantul Regency)
Authors: Santi Dewina Inggar , Giyarsih Sri Rum
Published: November 2021

The existence of COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on residents’ travel, including in Sonosewu Hamlet, Bantul Regency, Indonesia because the government has implemented recommendation to reduce residents’ mobility in order to accelerate the handling of COVID-19. This research is interesting because there was no research that specifically examines the characteristics of residents’ travel during COVID-19 pandemic in the suburbs of Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to identify the travel characteristics of the residents of Sonosewu during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collection was carried out through questionnaire surveys. The data processing and analysis were carried out by using descriptive statistical methods. Based on the results obtained from 328 respondents, it is known that the travel frequency from November 30 to December 6, 2020, tended to be high with 6 to 7 trips a week. The purpose of travel was mostly to work and shopping, and the main travel destinations are Bantul Regency and Yogyakarta City. The result of this research will be useful for the development of knowledge, especially in the field of urban geography and can be taken into consideration by the government for the development of suburban areas.
Plastic zone size at notch tip in mode I fracture using the modified Irwin’s model and volumetric approach
Authors: Fakir Mouna , El Minor Hassan , El Minor Hanane
Published: November 2021

At crack tip the stress distribution has singularities (i.e the stress intensity is infinite) which is physically impossible. Irwin realised that the stresses at crack tip are finite and subsequently introduced the Stress Intensify Factor(SIF). This factor is used to determine this plastic zone size. The crack is a special case of the notch. Around the notch, the fracture needs a volume to develop according to the volumetric approach. This volume is characterised by the distance effective Xeff, the stress effective σeff and the stress intensity factorKρI. In This paper a new proposed formula called “Modified Irwin’s Model” based on Irwin’s model can be used to determine the plastic zone size. This new formula will be verified using numerical finite element simulation and validated using the Von-Mises and Tresca Criteria. The Modified Irwin’s Model can be an alternative way to estimate the fracture elaboration zone from the plastic zone.
The behaviour of aluminum alloy 1050 sheet subjected to impact and perforation process: Experimental and numerical approaches
Authors: Bendarma Amine , EL Garouge Salwa , Akhzouz Hajar , Kardellass Said , Bouslikhane Salim , ELMinor Hassan
Published: November 2021

The mechanical behavior of aluminum alloy under impact loading using different configurations is described. Perforation tests are referred in this work at wide ranges of specimen using several projectile shapes to analyse their effect on the ballistic curve VR-V0 (conical, hemispherical and blunt), with a diameter of 6.mm. A wide range of impact velocities from 40 to 100 m/s has been used. Experimental and numerical analysis have been carried out to predict the mechanical behaviour of the studied aluminium alloy. This analysis has been done using a high-pressure gas gun. Specimens were prepared from standard 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm thick aluminum sheets with 13x13 cm plates. The resistance and the energy absorbed by the aluminum sheets under dynamic load were obtained by measuring the initial and residual velocities of the projectiles. The experimental and numerical results are presented and compared in terms of ballistic curve VR-V0, a good correlation was observed.
Missions du futur et nouveaux concepts en propulsion plasma
Authors: Garrigues Laurent , Gaboriau Freddy , Guglielmi Alexandre , Boeuf Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2021

L’intérêt d’utiliser des particules chargées accélérées à de grandes vitesses pour propulser un engin spatial a germé dans la tête de C. Tsiolkovski (1857-1935), qui a posé les fondements de l’astronautique dans son ouvrage de 1903. Il a fallu néanmoins attendre la course à l’espace durant la guerre froide pour voir émerger les premiers concepts de propulseurs à plasma, puis leur utilisation sur les satellites et les premières sondes d’exploration à la fin du XXe siècle.

Le XXIe siècle ouvre la voie à de nouveaux concepts pour des plateformes de satellites toujours plus massives, des sondes d’exploration envoyées toujours plus loin, ou des vols habités pour l’exploration de la planète Mars.
Safety and Efficacy of Endovascular Embolization of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms within 72 hours of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Li Cong-Hui , Wang Ji-Wei , Liu Jian-Feng , Li Hui , Gao Bu-Lang
Published: November 2021

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms within 72 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Materials and Methods Patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with embolization were divided into group A (n = 277), patients with ruptured aneurysms treated within 72 hours of SAH; group B (n = 138), patients with ruptured aneurysms treated beyond 72 hours; and group C (n = 93), patients with unruptured aneurysms.

Results Embolization was successful in all but four patients (99.2%). The periprocedural complication rate was 36.2% in group B, significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that in group A (24.5%) or group C (11.8%). The rebleeding rate was 9.7% (6/62 patients) in groups A and B after embolization and only 0.3% (1/346 patients) in aneurysms with total or subtotal occlusion. Of these three groups of patients, 69.7% in group A, 58.7% in group B, and 76.3% in group C achieved Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 5 or modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0– to 1 at discharge. A significant difference (p < 0.05) existed in the clinical outcome between the three groups. The percentages of patients without deficits (GOS 5 or mRS 0–1) and slight disability (mRS 2) were 80.2% in group A, 81.2% in group B, and 96.7% in group C. The mortality rate was 4.3% (12/277 patients) in group A and 7.2% (10/138 patients) in group B with no significant (p = 0.21) difference. Follow-up was performed at 3 to 54 months (mean 23.2), and the recanalization rate was 28.6% (32/112 patients) in group A, 22.4% (11/49 patients) in group B, and 28.6% (16/56 patients) in group C, with no significant differences (p = 0.15). Hydrocephalus occurred in 30.5% (39/128 patients) in group B, which was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than that in group A (9.4%) or group C (2.2%).

Conclusion Early embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysms within 72 hours of rupture is safe and effective and can significantly decrease periprocedural complications compared with management beyond 72 hours. Timely management of cisternal and ventricular blood can reduce hydrocephalus incidence and improve prognosis.
Benign Pericardial Hemangioma—A Rare Cause of Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Jacob Dhanya , Pratap Thara , Kumar Anand , R. Rashmi , K. Vishnu A.
Published: November 2021

Pericardial tumors are very rare. It can be primary or secondary, of which secondary tumors are more common. Pericardial hemangiomas are extremely rare primary neoplasms and there are only very few cases published in the literature. These patients can be asymptomatic. When symptomatic, they present with dyspnea, palpitation, or atypical chest pain. Severity of symptoms depends on the size and location of the tumor. Pericardial effusion with features of cardiac tamponade can lead to a life-threatening situation. Here, we report a case of pericardial hemangioma in a patient who presented with breathlessness and tamponade which was diagnosed preoperatively with computed tomography.
Self-closeness number and weak homotopy decomposition
Authors: Choi Ho Won , Lee Kee Young
Published: November 2021

For any CW-complex

X
X

, there exists a weak homotopy decomposition

X

(
m
)

X^{(m)}

and a self-closeness number of

X
X

. In this paper, we study the self-closeness number of a weak homotopy decomposition of

X
X

. We prove that the self-closeness number of

X

(
m
)

X^{(m)}

is dominated by the self-closeness number of

X
X

. Moreover, we determine the set of self-homotopy classes and the group of self-homotopy equivalence classes of a weak homotopy decomposition of

X
X

, and herein we provide some examples of the self-closeness number for homotopy m-sections.
A note on the mean values of the derivatives of 𝜁’/𝜁
Authors: Chirre Andrés
Published: November 2021

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we obtain a formula for the mean value of the

k
k

-derivative of

ζ
′

/

ζ

\zeta ’/\zeta

, depending on the pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. This formula allows us to obtain new equivalences to Montgomery’s pair correlation conjecture. This extends a result of Goldston, Gonek, and Montgomery where the mean value of

ζ
′

/

ζ

\zeta ’/\zeta

was considered.
Diameters of graphs of reduced words and rank-two root subsystems
Authors: Gaetz Christian , Gao Yibo
Published: November 2021

We study the diameter of the graph

G
(
w
)

G(w)

of reduced words of an element

w
w

in a Coxeter group

W
W

whose edges correspond to applications of the Coxeter relations. We resolve conjectures of Reiner–Roichman [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 365 (2013), pp. 2279-2802] and Dahlberg–Kim [Diameters of graphs on reduced words of 12 and 21-inflations, arXiv:2010.15758, 2020] by proving a tight lower bound on this diameter when

W
=

S
n

W=S_n

is the symmetric group and by characterizing the equality cases. We also give partial results in other classical types which illustrate the limits of current techniques.
Protestant Home Rulers and Constitutional Nationalism in Ireland, c.1900–1914
Authors: Morrissey Conor
Published: November 2021

This article assesses the role played by Protestants in the constitutional nationalist (or home rule) movement between the reunification of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) in 1900, and the end of the third home rule crisis in 1914. The IPP leadership took a favourable view of Protestant members, viewing them as a means of demonstrating that the movement represented the whole of Ireland, and intending that upper-class and professional Protestants would play a leading role in a future Irish parliament. However, the advance of exclusively Catholic organisations, most evidently the Ancient Order of Hibernians, challenged this policy. Protestants forged their own associational culture, in which their conception of Irish self-government was promoted. This article explores the tensions within the constitutional nationalist movement between those activists who viewed home rule as an irrepressible national demand, and the Protestants and ‘Redmondites’, who sought a close connection between Ireland and the Crown and Empire.
The COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by adults with congenital heart disease from Belgium, Norway, and South Korea: impact on life domains, patient-reported outcomes, and experiences with care
Authors: Moons Philip , Goossens Eva , Luyckx Koen , Kovacs Adrienne H , Andresen Brith , Moon Ju Ryoung , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Rassart Jessica , Van Bulck Liesbet ,   APPROACH-IS II consortium and ISACHD, Budts Werner , Goossens Eva , Luyckx Koen , Moons Philip , Rassart Jessica , Van Bulck Liesbet , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Andresen Brith , Eriksen Katrine , Estensen Mette Elise , Moon Ju Ryoung
Published: November 2021

Aims

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses significant challenges to many groups within societies, and especially for people with chronic health conditions. It is, however, unknown whether and how the pandemic has thus far affected the physical and mental health of patient populations. Therefore, we investigated how the pandemic affected the lives of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD), compared pre- and peri-pandemic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and a patient-reported experience measure (PREM), and investigated whether having had COVID-19 impacted pre-/peri-pandemic differences of the PROMs and PREM.

Methods and results

As part of the ongoing APPROACH-IS II project, we longitudinally surveyed 716 adults with CHD from Belgium, Norway, and South Korea. Pre-pandemic measures were administered from August 2019 to February 2020 and the peri-pandemic surveys were completed September 2020–April 2021. The majority of patients indicated that their social lives (80%), mental health (58%), and professional lives/education (51%) were negatively impacted by the pandemic. Patients felt worried (65%), were afraid (55%), reported the pandemic felt ‘close’ to them (53%), and were stressed (52%). However, differences between pre- and peri-pandemic scores on the PROMs and PREM were negligibly small (Cohen’s d < 0.20). Across measures, 5.8–15.8% of patients demonstrated changes (improved or worsened scores) that exceeded the minimal clinically important difference. There were no difference-in-differences for PROMs and PREM between patients who did vs. did not have COVID-19.

Conclusions

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been disruptive in many ways, pre- to peri-pandemic changes in PROMs and PREM of adults with CHD were negligibly small.
A Description of COVID-19-Directed Therapy in Children Admitted to US Intensive Care Units 2020
Authors: Schuster Jennifer E , Halasa Natasha B , Nakamura Mari , Levy Emily R , Fitzgerald Julie C , Young Cameron C , Newhams Margaret M , Bourgeois Florence , Staat Mary A , Hobbs Charlotte V , Dapul Heda , Feldstein Leora R , Jackson Ashley M , Mack Elizabeth H , Walker Tracie C , Maddux Aline B , Spinella Philip C , Loftis Laura L , Kong Michele , Rowan Courtney M , Bembea Melania M , McLaughlin Gwenn E , Hall Mark W , Babbitt Christopher J , Maamari Mia , Zinter Matt S , Cvijanovich Natalie Z , Michelson Kelly N , Gertz Shira J , Carroll Christopher L , Thomas Neal J , Giuliano John S , Singh Aalok R , Hymes Saul R , Schwarz Adam J , McGuire John K , Nofziger Ryan A , Flori Heidi R , Clouser Katharine N , Wellnitz Kari , Cullimore Melissa L , Hume Janet R , Patel Manish , Randolph Adrienne G ,   Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
Published: November 2021

Background

It is unclear how acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-directed therapies are used in children with life-threatening COVID-19 in US hospitals. We described characteristics of children hospitalized in the intensive care unit or step-down unit (ICU/SDU) who received COVID-19-directed therapies and the specific therapies administered.

Methods

Between March 15, 2020 and December 27, 2020, children <18 years of age in the ICU/SDU with acute COVID-19 at 48 pediatric hospitals in the United States were identified. Demographics, laboratory values, and clinical course were compared in children who did and did not receive COVID-19-directed therapies. Trends in COVID-19-directed therapies over time were evaluated.

Results

Of 424 children in the ICU/SDU, 235 (55%) received COVID-19-directed therapies. Children who received COVID-19-directed therapies were older than those who did not receive COVID-19-directed therapies (13.3 [5.6-16.2] vs 9.8 [0.65-15.9] years), more had underlying medical conditions (188 [80%] vs 104 [55%]; difference = 25% [95% CI: 16% to 34%]), more received respiratory support (206 [88%] vs 71 [38%]; difference = 50% [95% CI: 34% to 56%]), and more died (8 [3.4%] vs 0). Of the 235 children receiving COVID-19-directed therapies, 172 (73%) received systemic steroids and 150 (64%) received remdesivir, with rising remdesivir use over the study period (14% in March/April to 57% November/December).

Conclusion

Despite the lack of pediatric data evaluating treatments for COVID-19 in critically ill children, more than half of children requiring intensive or high acuity care received COVID-19-directed therapies.
Benefits of Adaptive Design Under Suboptimal Scenarios: A Simulation Study
Authors: Zhang Shiyu
Published: November 2021

Theories have suggested that adaptive survey designs may reduce biases and variances of survey estimates more so than post-survey adjustment. However, previous research has not incorporated practical constraints into theorizing the utility of adaptive design. How would design factors and suboptimal auxiliary information influence the effect of adaptive design? The current simulation considers three separate components in adaptive design: (1) Modeling—how sample cases’ response propensities are predicted by a response propensity model; (2) Operationalization—how researchers decide to differentially allocate recruitment effort to sample cases, and (3) Achievement—the sizes of the changes in response propensities that are achieved by the adaptive strategies. Each component influences the effect of adaptive design on the biases and variances of survey estimates. The simulation study presented here suggests that adaptive designs based on adequate auxiliary information improve survey estimates more so than post-survey adjustment. However, adaptive designs may backfire if the strategies are not correctly designed due to a lack of critical auxiliary variables.
What Happened to ‘Vivre Ensemble?’: Developments after SAS v France
Authors: Pearson Megan
Published: November 2021

In 2014, the European Court of Human Rights found that France’s prohibition on women wearing the full face veil did not violate Article 9. In doing so, it accepted that the ban was necessary in order to achieve ‘vivre ensemble’ or ‘living together’. The use of the concept was controversial and the response at the time was mostly critical. This article examines when and in what ways the Court has used vivre ensemble since that decision. It considers the arguments made by member states and applicants and the Court’s reasoning in later cases on the face veil and other Islamic clothing, as well examining reference to vivre ensemble by the Court in other contexts. It finds that the full face veil is constructed as fundamentally different to other forms of religious clothing and there is little reliance on the concept other than in the ‘burqa ban’ cases
Indonesia's Supreme Court Judgment on Religious Clothing: Failing Women and Girls in Public Schools?
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad
Published: November 2021

In May 2021, the Indonesian Supreme Court delivered a unanimous judgment that struck down a joint ministerial decree prohibiting local governments and public schools from imposing religious clothing on female students, teachers, and staff.1 The joint ministerial decree was issued following public criticisms and media coverage of the religious dress code enforced in public schools in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Court held that such a decree conflicted with various provisions in the national legislations, including laws on regional government,2 child protection,3 law-making,4 and the national education system.5 Accordingly, the Supreme Court justices presiding over the case, Yulius, Irfan Fachruddin, and Is Sudaryono, instructed the Minister of Education and Culture, the Minister of House Affairs, and the Minister of Religious Affairs to rescind the joint decree. This comment explores and critically examines the Court's reasoning of the decision that has, consequently, legitimized local governments and public schools’ policy to enforce mandatory hijab on Muslim and non-Muslim female teachers, staff, and students at public schools across the country. It argues that the Court's ruling, in this case, is highly unreasoned and questionable, lacking in details in some respects, and failing to address the encroachment of women and girls' rights that should have been given appropriate consideration.
Balanced Leadership
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar
Published: November 2021

This book describes balanced leadership in projects. Based on an award winning global program of research studies on leadership reality in projects, this book shows that leadership changes constantly and is not as static as existing literature may suggests. Instead, leadership in projects is dynamically shifted between project managers, individual team members, and subteams, all balanced in situational contingency. Their leadership may be exercised through a vertical, horizontal, shared, or distributed leadership approach. However, it is balanced leadership that ensures the best suitable leadership approach is used in any given situation. For that, the book presents a project-specific leadership approach called horizontal leadership, a theory of balanced leadership, and the five building blocks that enable balanced leadership. These are nomination of team members, identification of potential leaders, selection and empowerment of leaders, empowered leadership and its governance, as well as leadership transition. Emphasis is also given to the coordination of these building blocks through the socio-cognitive space, shared by project manager and team. The book finishes with three real-life case studies that exemplify how balanced leadership unfolds in projects.
Introduction
Authors: Little Peter C.
Published: November 2021

The introductory chapter explores the primary ethnographic focus of the book and its theoretical contributions and provides a brief outline of the book’s chapters. The chapter introduces electronic waste (e-waste) as a global issue and problem that calls for site-specific ethnography in Africa, where e-waste is a growing challenge and source of environmental health concern. In particular, the chapter provides a detailed overview of the site in focus, Agbogbloshie, Ghana, where the burning of e-waste to extract, recover, and sell copper is a primary focus and means of survival for Ghana’s working poor. The chapter provides an overview of the work’s theoretical intervention and discusses what I call the “pyropolitical ecology of e-waste” or “e-pyropolitics” and how this theoretical framing can help augment and synthesize the emerging anthropology and political ecology of e-waste ruination, environmental justice, and toxic precarity in the Global South.
Embodiment and the Aesthetic Experience of Images
Authors: Gallese Vittorio , Freedberg David , Alessandra Umiltà Maria
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the authors summarize their research in the experimental aesthetics of visual art and cinema, motivated by the following assumptions: (1) vision is more complex than the mere activation of the “visual brain”; (2) our visual experience of the world is the outcome of multimodal integration processes, with the motor system as key player; (3) aesthetic experience must be framed within the broader notion of intersubjectivity, as artworks are mediators of the relationship between the subjectivities of artists/creators and beholders; and (4) empathy is an important ingredient of our response to works of art. Capitalizing on the results of their research, one privileging embodiment and the performative quality of perception and cognition, preliminary suggestions for a future research agenda are outlined. Embodied simulation, a model of perception and cognition, can provide a new take on these issues, fostering a newly based dialogue between neuroscience and the humanities.
Might and Right
Authors: Forst Rainer
Published: November 2021

The chapter sets out to critically discuss the methodological approach that Ripstein chooses when reconstructing Kant’s position and in particular how he defines and relates “constitutive” and “regulative” principles with respect to peace and public right. Forst focuses on what he calls a paradox of peace: peace is supposed to avoid, end, or overcome war as the practice of might making right; but the principle of peace itself at crucial points seems to require us to accept that might makes right, at least as far as the past is concerned. Specifically, Forst offers a different interpretation of the relevant constitutive principle in the realm of the practical, namely that of freedom, and he invites Ripstein to move beyond Kant in questioning rather than affirming the paradox of peace.
Reading Kant’s Rechtslehre: Some Observations on Ripstein’s Kant and the Law of War
Authors: Mertens Thomas
Published: November 2021

The chapter puts forward a semantic observation which he claims reflects not only Ripstein’s Kant interpretation, but also his own perspective as a long-term reader of Kant. Mertens observes that Kantian scholarship has become to a large extent an Anglo-Saxon affair, and Kant is read and interpreted against the background of political and legal problems of that world. History has shown that several readings of Kant are possible, and Ripstein presents a new, powerful reading of Kant which is indebted to that Anglo-Saxon background. Mertens discusses several intriguing questions, inter alia, Ripstein’s interpretation of Kant’s view on the law of war is the distinction between the just war tradition and the regular war tradition and Kant’s departure from both traditions.
Europe’s Cosmopolitan Union
Authors: Wolthuis Bertjan , Corrias Luigi
Published: November 2021

The chapter provides a Kantian reading of EU internal market law and the refugee crisis of 2015. The chapter argues that the EU should be viewed as a cosmopolitan union. The authors ask whether EU law, understood as positive cosmopolitan law, can be qualified as an extension of the legal condition, and whether it can be viewed as consistent with the other two parts of public law, especially with the freedom of EU member states which also depend on the possible connection to global, much less extensive, systems of positive cosmopolitan law such as migration law.
Psychology for Musicians
Authors: Woody Robert H.
Published: November 2021

Throughout time, human beings have been fascinated with music. Research in music psychology has revealed how musicians acquire the ability to convey emotional intentions as sounded music, how listeners perceive it as feelings and moods, and how this powerful process relates to social and cultural dynamics. Of course, people who identify as musicians have special interest in these matters. In recent years, a psychological perspective has gained increasing acceptance in the education provided to musicians: teachers, performers, and “creatives” alike. The first edition of Psychology for Musicians: Understanding and Acquiring the Skills (2007, Oxford University Press) was a well-cited volume over the years. This new edition draws on the greater insights provided by recent research in music psychology. It combines academic rigor with accessibility to offer readers research-supported ideas that they can readily apply in their musical activities.