bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Ultraviolet Radiation Film Dosimetry Using OrthoChromic OC‐1 Film†
Authors: Welch David , Brenner David J.
Published: December 2020

There is growing interest in far‐UVC lighting, defined as wavelengths from 200 to 230 nm, because research has demonstrated these wavelengths to be an effective antimicrobial technology while posing a minimal hazard to human health. Far‐UVC lighting is now being installed to directly irradiate spaces where humans are present, and it will be important to perform measurements to verify far‐UVC lighting installations are operating within widely accepted exposure guidelines. In this work, we explore the use of a commercially available film, known as OrthoChromic OC‐1, to measure ultraviolet radiation exposure. The film was tested with a variety of ultraviolet wavelengths and irradiance conditions, and the color change of the film was analyzed for increasing levels of radiant exposure. The film response extended over a dynamic range that was greater than the recommended exposure limits for far‐UVC radiation so it can potentially be useful for health hazard monitoring. The spectrum of the incident ultraviolet radiation strongly affected the response of the film; therefore, for accurate measurements we recommend the measured spectrum match the spectrum used for calibration. Overall, dosimetry with this film provides a simple, accurate, and inexpensive method of quantifying ultraviolet radiation exposure that is suitable for far‐UVC measurements.
Household savings constraints, uncertainty and macroprudential policy
Authors: O'Toole Conor , McQuinn Kieran , Economides Philip
Published: December 2020

We investigate the impact of macroprudential policy on Irish households' perception of savings adequacy, with a particular focus on households intending to purchase a home. These measures tighten loan‐to‐value ratios and raise the entry cost for home purchase. We find that the measures have had a significant impact on savings constraints. Indeed, constrained potential buyers, who are planning to purchase, but not presently saving to buy a home, are the group most affected as the macroprudential rules increase the downpayment size required. Heterogeneous effects across households indicate younger, private renting households, and those with relatively uncertain cash flows.
Lipids in xylem sap of woody plants across the angiosperm phylogeny
Authors: Schenk H. Jochen , Michaud Joseph M. , Mocko Kerri , Espino Susana , Melendres Tatiana , Roth Mary R. , Welti Ruth , Kaack Lucian , Jansen Steven
Published: December 2020

Lipids have been observed attached to lumen‐facing surfaces of mature xylem conduits of several plant species, but there has been little research on their functions or effects on water transport, and only one lipidomic study of the xylem apoplast. Therefore, we conducted lipidomic analyses of xylem sap from woody stems of seven plants representing six major angiosperm clades, including basal magnoliids, monocots and eudicots, to characterize and quantify phospholipids, galactolipids and sulfolipids in sap using mass spectrometry. Locations of lipids in vessels of Laurus nobilis were imaged using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Xylem sap contained the galactolipids di‐ and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, as well as all common plant phospholipids, but only traces of sulfolipids, with total lipid concentrations in extracted sap ranging from 0.18 to 0.63 nmol ml−1 across all seven species. Contamination of extracted sap from lipids in cut living cells was found to be negligible. Lipid composition of sap was compared with wood in two species and was largely similar, suggesting that sap lipids, including galactolipids, originate from cell content of living vessels. Seasonal changes in lipid composition of sap were observed for one species. Lipid layers coated all lumen‐facing vessel surfaces of L. nobilis, and lipids were highly concentrated in inter‐vessel pits. The findings suggest that apoplastic, amphiphilic xylem lipids are a universal feature of angiosperms. The findings require a reinterpretation of the cohesion‐tension theory of water transport to account for the effects of apoplastic lipids on dynamic surface tension and hydraulic conductance in xylem.
Endogenous gibberellins affect root nodule symbiosis via transcriptional regulation of NODULE INCEPTION in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Akamatsu Akira , Nagae Miwa , Nishimura Yuka , Romero Montero Daniela , Ninomiya Satsuki , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kawaguchi Masayoshi , Takeda Naoya
Published: December 2020

Legumes and nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial bacteria establish root nodule symbiosis, which is orchestrated by several plant hormones. Exogenous addition of biologically active gibberellic acid (GA) is known to inhibit root nodule symbiosis. However, the precise role of GA has not been elucidated because of the trace amounts of these hormones in plants and the multiple functions of GAs. Here, we found that GA signaling acts as a key regulator in a long‐distance negative‐feedback system of root nodule symbiosis called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). GA biosynthesis is activated during nodule formation in and around the nodule vascular bundles, and bioactive GAs accumulate in the nodule. In addition, GA signaling induces expression of the symbiotic transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) via a cis‐acting region on the NIN promoter. Mutants with deletions of this cis‐acting region have increased susceptibility to rhizobial infection and reduced GA‐induced CLE‐RS1 and CLE‐RS2 expression, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of GAs occurs through AON. This is supported by the GA‐insensitive phenotypes of an AON‐defective mutant of HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1 (HAR1) and a reciprocal grafting experiment. Thus, endogenous GAs induce NIN expression via its GA‐responsive cis‐acting region, and subsequently the GA‐induced NIN activates the AON system to regulate nodule formation.
Bringing the Goods
Authors: Winters Jeffrey
Published: December 2020

In the spring, when the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic finally sank in, people realized that interactions as benign as accepting a delivered pizza could carry the risk of virus transmission. Enter the delivery robot.
Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction
Authors: Al-Ashouri Amran , Köhnen Eike , Li Bor , Magomedov Artiom , Hempel Hannes , Caprioglio Pietro , Márquez José A. , Morales Vilches Anna Belen , Kasparavicius Ernestas , Smith Joel A. , Phung Nga , Menzel Dorothee , Grischek Max , Kegelmann Lukas , Skroblin Dieter , Gollwitzer Christian , Malinauskas Tadas , Jošt Marko , Matič Gašper , Rech Bernd , Schlatmann Rutger , Topič Marko , Korte Lars , Abate Antonio , Stannowski Bernd , Neher Dieter , Stolterfoht Martin , Unold Thomas , Getautis Vytautas , Albrecht Steve
Published: December 2020

Efficiency from hole-selective contacts

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells must stabilize a perovskite material with a wide bandgap and also maintain efficient charge carrier transport. Al-Ashouri
et al.
stabilized a perovskite with a 1.68–electron volt bandgap with a self-assembled monolayer that acted as an efficient hole-selective contact that minimizes nonradiative carrier recombination. In air without encapsulation, a tandem silicon cell retained 95% of its initial power conversion efficiency of 29% after 300 hours of operation.

Science
, this issue p.
1300
Comment on “Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming”
Authors: Schall Peter , Heinrichs Steffi
Published: December 2020

Zellwegeret al. (Reports, 15 May 2020, p. 772) claimed that a microclimatic debt, mainly controlled by canopy buffering, evolved in European forest understories. However, their analysis is based on circularity, as they explained the sum of three components by one of these components. The response of the understory to the thermal environment is generally weak.
A Second-Generation Fungerp Analog, SCY-247, Shows Potent
In Vitro
Activity against Candida auris and Other Clinically Relevant Fungal Isolates
Authors: Chu Sherman , Long Lisa , Sherif Rania , McCormick Thomas S. , Borroto-Esoda Katyna , Barat Stephen , Ghannoum Mahmoud A.
Published: December 2020

Due to the increase of antifungal drug resistance and difficulties associated with drug administration, new antifungal agents for invasive fungal infections are needed. SCY-247 is a second-generation fungerp antifungal compound that interferes with the synthesis of the fungal cell wall polymer β-(1,3)-
d
-glucan.
The Combination of gQ1 and gQ2 in Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B Regulates the Viral Tetramer Function for Their Receptor Recognition
Authors: Wakata Aika , Tjan Lidya Handayani , Nishimura Mitsuhiro , Kawabata Akiko , Poetranto Anna Lystia , Yamamoto Chisato , Arii Jun , Mori Yasuko
Published: December 2020

Glycoprotein Q2 (gQ2), an essential gene for virus propagation, forms a heterodimer with gQ1. The gQ1/gQ2 complex has a critical role in receptor recognition in the gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 complex (a tetramer).
Direct Evidence for Infection of
Varroa destructor
Mites with the Bee-Pathogenic Deformed Wing Virus Variant B, but Not Variant A, via Fluorescence
In Situ
Hybridization Analysis
Authors: Gisder Sebastian , Genersch Elke
Published: December 2020

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a bee-pathogenic, originally rather benign, single- and positive-stranded RNA virus. Only the vectorial transmission of this virus to honey bees by the ectoparasitic mite
Varroa destructor
leads to fatal or symptomatic infections of individuals, usually followed by collapse of the entire colony.
Inverted South China: A novel configuration for Rodinia and its breakup
Authors: Jing Xianqing , Evans David A.D. , Yang Zhenyu , Tong Yabo , Xu Yingchao , Wang Heng
Published: December 2020

Disentangling records of Rodinia fragmentation and true polar wander remains a challenge for understanding late Tonian plate tectonics. The ca. 760 Ma lower member of the Liántuó Formation, South China, yields a primary paleomagnetic remanence that passes both the fold and reversal tests. This new result and recently reported ca. 800 Ma data from elsewhere in South China suggest a new interpretation of its apparent polar wander path, whereby pre–770 Ma poles have inverted absolute polarity relative to traditional interpretations. Based on this inversion, and an interpretation of several oscillations of true polar wander documented by global data during 810–760 Ma, we propose a novel reconstruction for Rodinia and its breakup. Our reconstruction places the South China, India, and Kalahari cratons to the southwest of Laurentia, with connections that might have been established as early as ca. 1000 Ma. Our model also suggests that initial rifting of Rodinia occurred at ca. 800 Ma via fast northward motion of the India craton and South China.
Cumulate olivine: A novel host for heavy rare earth element mineralization
Authors: Brandt S. , Fassbender M.L. , Klemd R. , Macauley C. , Felfer P. , Haase K.M.
Published: December 2020

Olivine is one of the most important minerals used to reconstruct magmatic processes, yet the rare earth element (REE) systematics of Fe-rich olivine in igneous rocks and ore deposits is poorly understood. As detected by in situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis, cumulate fayalite (Fe2SiO4) in the Paleoproterozoic Vergenoeg F-Fe-REE deposit of the Bushveld large igneous province (LIP) in South Africa contains the highest heavy REE (HREE) contents ever recorded for olivine, with HREE enrichment of as much as 6000× chondritic values. Atom probe tomography maps confirm the incorporation of the HREEs into the fayalite crystal lattice, facilitated by lithium acting as a main charge balancer and by high REE contents in the highly fractionated felsic parental melt that is related to the Bushveld LIP. The high HREE concentrations of fayalite in concert with its high modal abundance (>95 vol%) indicate that the fayalite cumulates are the main host for the HREE mineralization of the Vergenoeg deposit. Fayalites of Vergenoeg demonstrate that Fe-rich olivine may fractionate large amounts of HREEs, and we propose fayalite cumulates as potential future targets for HREE exploration.
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy for reversal of new-onset left bundle branch block and heart failure after surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Kalsi Mandeep Singh , Dayawansa Nalin , Mutha Vivek
Published: December 2020

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is not an uncommon complication following both surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation. LBBB can cause interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony that can lead to development of heart failure as demonstrated by a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). It is known that change in QRS duration has significant correlation with change in LVEF. In a study involving 202 consecutive patients with no baseline ventricular conduction disturbances or previous permanent pacemaker implantation who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a balloon-expandable valve, it was found that around 30% of patients develop new LBBB.
Nitrous oxide–induced toxic leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Assaf Ramey , Michael Philips George , Langford Nigel
Published: December 2020

Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TL) is characterised by an insult to the myelin of the cerebral white manner which can be attributed to a number of offending agents, including drugs of abuse. We report a case of a fit and well young man presenting to hospital with an altered mental state. It was subsequently determined that the patient inhaled a significant volume of nitrous oxide recreationally. Nitrous oxide is easily accessible and the second most consumed drug among young adolescents (16–24 years old). Following extensive investigations and brain imaging, the patient was subsequently diagnosed with TL. After a prolonged hospital admission, he went on to make a complete neurological recovery.
Achieving flexible competence: bridging the investment dichotomy between infectious diseases and cancer
Authors: Coleman C Norman , Mansoura Monique K , Marinissen Maria Julia , Grover Surbhi , Dosanjh Manjit , Brereton Harmar D , Roth Lawrence , Wendling Eugenia , Pistenmaa David A , O'Brien Donna M
Published: December 2020

Today’s global health challenges in underserved communities include the growing burden of cancer and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs); infectious diseases (IDs) with epidemic and pandemic potential such as COVID-19; and health effects from catastrophic ‘all hazards’ disasters including natural, industrial or terrorist incidents. Healthcare disparities in low-income and middle-income countries and in some rural areas in developed countries make it a challenge to mitigate these health, socioeconomic and political consequences on our globalised society. As with IDs, cancer requires rapid intervention and its effective medical management and prevention encompasses the other major NCDs. Furthermore, the technology and clinical capability for cancer care enables management of NCDs and IDs. Global health initiatives that call for action to address IDs and cancer often focus on each problem separately, or consider cancer care only a downstream investment to primary care, missing opportunities to leverage investments that could support broader capacity-building. From our experience in health disparities, disaster preparedness, government policy and healthcare systems we have initiated an approach we callflex-competencewhich emphasises a systems approach from the outset of program building that integrates investment among IDs, cancer, NCDs and disaster preparedness to improve overall healthcare for the local community. This approach builds on trusted partnerships, multi-level strategies and a healthcare infrastructure providing surge capacities to more rapidly respond to and manage a wide range of changing public health threats.
Effect of a mobile-based educational app on blood pressure of patients with hypertension
Authors: Falah Fereshteh , Sajadi S A , Pishgooie A H
Published: December 2020

Background

Hypertension is known as one of the most important non-communicable pervasive diseases.

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a mobile-based educational app on the blood pressure (BP) of patients with hypertension.

Methods

This clinical trial was conducted on 66 military personnel who were definitively diagnosed with hypertension by a physician, and then assigned randomly into two groups as intervention (receiving mobile-based educational app) and control (receiving standard medical management but no app). Before the intervention, BP levels of both groups were measured with a calibrated sphygmomanometer. After 6 weeks, the BPs of both groups were remeasured using the same sphygmomanometer. Thereafter, descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests, were used. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS-21 software at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results

Comparison of the intervention and control groups showed no statistically significant difference between the groups in systolic BP (p=0.479) and diastolic BP (p=0.851) in the pre-intervention phase, but after the intervention, systolic and diastolic BP levels were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0.0001).

Conclusion

The results suggested that the mobile-based educational app had a significant effect on reducing BP in patients with hypertension. Therefore, using this app is recommended for those military personnel with hypertension.
Improving smoking cessation in first episode psychosis: a quality improvement project by the City & Hackney Early and Quick Intervention Psychosis (EQUIP)
Authors: Kanter Bax Orestis , Hakim Nadim , Jeggo Michael , Phelan Declan , Stevens Timothy , Gupta Susham
Published: December 2020

Smoking tobacco is a major public health issue and a significant cause of increased mortality. People with a first episode of psychosis are more likely to smoke and the subgroup that goes on to have schizophrenia will have a significantly reduced life expectancy to the general population. The City & Hackney Early and Quick Intervention in Psychosis Team is a community mental health team at East London NHS Foundation Trust, providing outpatient care for adults presenting with first episode psychosis. This project aimed to increase the number of smoking cessation referrals from EQUIP to national smoking cessation services to 15% of the total team caseload over 6 months initially. A secondary measure was to complete an assessment of the smoking status for 90% of the caseload at all times. Change ideas were tested using plan-do-study-act cycles. A smoking cessation referral pathway was created and disseminated to the outpatient and inpatient services. The project was discussed at least monthly at the clinical team meeting. An education and skills building session was organised and took place at the team away day and an education drop-in session for patients was organised. The project was slow to take-off and patient participation was essential in driving progress. The aim was achieved at 23 months. A collateral benefit indicated that 25.7% of the total number of smokers had been recorded as having stopped smoking during the course of this project. This project demonstrates the effectiveness of quality improvement methodology facilitated by efficient leadership, collaborative teamwork, patient participation and persistence to address a complex problem that has significant consequences to patient health.
Associations between multiple positive health behaviors and cardiometabolic risk using 3 alternative measures of physical activity: NHANES 2005–2006
Authors: Oftedal Stina , Aguiar Elroy J. , Duncan Mitch J.
Published: December 2020

The study aimed to investigate the association between clustered cardiometabolic risk (CCMR) and health-behavior indices comprising 3 different measures of physical activity, screen time, diet and sleep in NHANES 2005–2006. CCMR was calculated by standardizing and summarizing measures of blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, insulin, high-density lipoprotein and waist circumference to create a z score. Three health behavior indices were constructed with a single point allocated to each of the following lower risk behaviors: muscle strengthening activity, healthy eating score, sleep disorder/disruption, sleep duration, screen time and physical activity (self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] (Index Score-SR), accelerometer-measured MVPA (Index Score-MVPA) or accelerometer-measured steps Index Score-Steps). Linear regression models explored associations between index scores and CCMR. In the sample (n = 1537, 52% male, aged 45.5 [SE: 0.9] years), reporting 0–5 vs. 6 health behaviors using Index Score-SR and Index Score-MVPA, and 0–4 vs. 6 health behaviors using Index Score-Steps, were associated with a significantly higher CCMR. The beta (β [95% CI]) for zero vs. 6 behaviors were Index Score-SR (2.86 [2.02, 3.69], Index Score-MVPA (2.41 [1.49, 3.33] and Index Score-Steps (2.41 [1.68, 3.15]). Irrespective of the measure of physical activity, engaging in fewer positive health behaviors was associated with greater CCMR.

Novelty: Physical activity, screen time, diet and sleep may exert synergistic/cumulative effects on clustered cardiometabolic risk. A greater number of positive health behaviors was associated with a lower clustered cardiometabolic risk factor score. The reduction in cardiometabolic risk was similar irrespective of which physical activity measure was used.
Deep Learning for Nonlinear Time Series: Examples for Inferring Slow Driving Forces
Authors: Hirata Yoshito , Aihara Kazuyuki
Published: December 2020

Records for observing dynamics are usually complied by a form of time series. However, time series can be a challenging type of dataset for deep neural networks to learn. In deep neural networks, pairs of inputs and outputs are usually fed for constructive mapping. Such inputs are typically prepared as static images in successful applications. And so, here we propose two methods to prepare such inputs for learning the dynamical properties behind time series. In the first method, we simply array a time series in the shape of a rectangle as an image. In the second method, we convert a time series into a distance matrix using delay coordinates, or an unthresholded recurrence plot. We demonstrate that the second method performs well in inferring a slow driving force from observations of a forced system within which there are symmetry and almost invariant subsets.
The Cyclicity of Period Annulus of Degenerate Quadratic Hamiltonian Systems with Polycycles S(2) or S(3) Under Perturbations of Piecewise Smooth Polynomials
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Zhao Liqin
Published: December 2020

In this paper, by using Picard–Fuchs equations and Chebyshev criterion, we study the bifurcation of limit cycles for degenerate quadratic Hamilton systems with polycycles [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] under the perturbations of piecewise smooth polynomials with degree [Formula: see text]. Roughly speaking, for [Formula: see text], a polycycle [Formula: see text] is cyclically ordered collection of [Formula: see text] saddles together with orbits connecting them in specified order. The discontinuity is on the line [Formula: see text]. If the first order Melnikov function is not equal to zero identically, it is proved that the upper bounds of the number of limit cycles bifurcating from each of the period annuli with the boundary [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are respectively [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (taking into account the multiplicity).
An Asymmetric Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Fractional-Order Chaotic System and the RSA Public-Key Cryptosystem
Authors: Ye Guodong , Jiao Kaixin , Wu Huishan , Pan Chen , Huang Xiaoling
Published: December 2020

Herein, an asymmetric image encryption algorithm based on RSA cryptosystem and a fractional-order chaotic system is proposed. Its security depends on RSA algorithm. First, a pair of public and private keys is generated by RSA algorithm. Subsequently, a random message shown as plaintext key information is encrypted by the public key and RSA to achieve ciphertext key information. Next, a new transformation map is established to generate the initial key according to the ciphertext key information. Subsequently, the initial key is substituted into a fractional hyperchaotic system equation to calculate the keystream. Finally, permutation and diffusion operations are employed to encrypt a plain image to obtain the final cipher image. In the proposed algorithm, different keys for encryption and decryption are designed under an asymmetric architecture. The RSA algorithm and fractional chaotic system are combined to encrypt images; in particular, a fast algorithm for computing power multiplication is employed, which significantly improves the encryption effect and enhances the security. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and applicable to image protection.
Modeling and Predicting the Influence of PM2.5 on Children’s Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Shi Lei , Feng Xiaoliang , Qi Longxing , Xu Yanlong , Zhai Sulan
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the influence of PM[Formula: see text] on children’s respiratory diseases is taken as the main research focus. Based on the real monitoring data of children’s respiratory diseases in Anhui province, the traditional model is modified substantially, leading to the establishment of two mathematical models. First of all, considering that the PM[Formula: see text] changes over time, a nonautonomous air pollution-related disease model is constructed to study its permanence and extinction. Furthermore, regarding lag days of PM[Formula: see text] exposure, an air pollution-related disease model with the lag effect is installed and its local and global stabilities and Hopf bifurcation are investigated. Meanwhile, the above two models are numerically simulated, respectively. Our study demonstrates that the threshold conditions of permanence and extinction are obtained by the nonautonomous air pollution-related disease model, and the optimal parameters are obtained through the annual revision of the data by integrating the mathematical model, such that the number of children with respiratory diseases in the future can be checked and predicted. Also our study finds that the lag days of PM[Formula: see text] exposure have little effect on children with respiratory diseases in the air pollution-related disease model with a lag effect, but the PM[Formula: see text] has a tremendous influence on the number of patients. Once the lag days are combined with the effect of the PM[Formula: see text], it can have a significant impact on the patients’ number, e.g. an emergence of periodic oscillations, with an approximate period of 11 days in Anhui Province, due to the Hopf bifurcation.
Stability, Analytic Bifurcation Structure and Chaos Control in a Mutual Interference Host-Parasitoid Model
Authors: Yousef A. M. , Rida S. Z. , Arafat Soheir
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present a study on a mutual interference host-parasitoid model with Beverton–Holt growth. It is well known that, mutual interference of parasites has a stabilizing influence on the dynamics of the host-parasitoid model since the variance in searching efficiency, with parasite density, significantly depends on parasites’ mutual interference. Thus, we have incorporated a mutual interference functional response into a host-parasitoid model to characterize such a phenomenon. The qualitative behaviors of the present model is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the existence and local stability of the model fixed points are discussed. Then, using perturbation method and normal form theory, we derived the emergence conditions of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of the model. Furthermore, chaotic behavior of the model in the sense of Marotto is proved. In order to control chaotic behavior of the present model, we apply OGY feedback control strategy. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to support our theoretical discussion.
A Hotel Recommender System for Tourists Using the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and Fuzzy TOPSIS Model: A Case Study of TripAdvisor
Authors: Forouzandeh Saman , Berahmand Kamal , Nasiri Elahe , Rostami Mehrdad
Published: December 2020

Recommendation systems play an indispensable role in tourists’ decision-making process. An important issue for tourists concerns the selection of accommodation in accordance with the criteria on their minds, which may include several items at the same time. This paper proposes a novel approach to recommendation systems in the tourism industry involving a combination of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and the fuzzy TOPSIS model. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a multi-criteria decision-making method, has been utilized to optimize the system. The solution presented in this research includes two major parts, where the employed ABC algorithm has been improved and is more efficient than the standard version. This research has addressed the TripAdvisor dataset and presented a method for hotel recommendations based on user preferences according to real data. The obtained results demonstrate the high accuracy of the method presented in the research.
High dielectric constant and low dielectric loss of Y/Mn co-doped BST@ZrO2/PVDF composite films for wearable capacitor applications
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Xu Ruoxin , Han Xiao , Zhang Zhiang , Zhao Lili , Cui Bin , Zhai Chunxue , Lei Xiaoyi
Published: December 2020

In order to develop infinite capacitive materials with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, influences of Y/Mn co-doping and ZrO2 coating on the dielectric properties of barium strontium tinanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (BST/PVDF) composite films were systematically investigated with fixing Y concentration as 0.3 at.% and varying Mn concentration from 1 at.% to 4 at.%. The experimental results show that the dielectric constant of BST@ZrO2/PVDF composite increases by 50% relative to BST/PVDF and the dielectric loss is evidently depressed. In comparison with BST@ZrO2/PVDF sample, furthermore, the dielectric constant of Y/Mn co-doped BST@ZrO2/PVDF samples increases by about 60% and the dielectric loss further reduces at 1 kHz. The promoted dielectric performances of composite originate from the space charge separation formed by Y/Mn co-doping and the limitation of electronic mobility by coated ZrO2. Y/Mn co-doped BST@ZrO2/PVDF composite film with 3% Mn has a dielectric constant of 37.9, a dielectric loss of 0.0117, superior dielectric temperature stability (3.1% from −5[Formula: see text]C to 45[Formula: see text]C at 1 kHz), and a discharged energy density of 5.67 J/cm3 at 600 kV/cm. The simultaneous optimization of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of BST/PVDF composite is realized in this experiment. The superior dielectric temperature stability suggests the application potential of Y/Mn co-doped BST@ZrO2/PVDF as wearable capacitors.
ATFuzzer
Authors: Karim Imtiaz , Cicala Fabrizio , Hussain Syed Rafiul , Chowdhury Omar , Bertino Elisa
Published: December 2020

Application processors of modern smartphones use the AT interface for issuing high-level commands (or AT-commands) to the baseband processor for performing cellular network operations (e.g., placing a phone call). Vulnerabilities in this interface can be leveraged by malicious USB or Bluetooth peripherals to launch pernicious attacks. In this article, we propose ATFuzzer, which uses a grammar-guided evolutionary fuzzing approach that mutates production rules of the AT-command grammar instead of concrete AT commands to evaluate the correctness and robustness of the AT-command execution process. To automate each step of the analysis pipeline, ATFuzzer first takes as input the 3GPP and other vendor-specific standard documents and, following several heuristics, automatically extracts the seed AT command grammars for the fuzzer. ATFuzzer uses the seed to generate both valid and invalid grammars, following our cross-over and mutation strategies to evaluate both the integrity and execution of AT-commands. Empirical evaluation of ATFuzzer on 10 Android smartphones from 6 vendors revealed 4 invalid AT command grammars over Bluetooth and 14 over USB with implications ranging from DoS, downgrade of cellular protocol version, to severe privacy leaks. The vulnerabilities along with the invalid AT-command grammars were responsibly disclosed to affected vendors and assigned CVE’s.
How to create an academic blog: Tone, audience, credibility, and potential currency
Authors: Lambe Simon
Published: December 2020

This case study offers guidance and advice on creating an effective blog, based on the author?s experiences of running his own blog, hosted on WordPress. The article covers some of the essential issues, including tone, audience, credibility, and potential currency, before outlining three key factors that contribute to a successful blog: time, confidence, and forethought. The article provides help to an academic audience in that it offers suggestions around how to soften academic tone for a general audience as well as how blogging could potentially be used in a meaningful way as a form or formative or summative assessment.
Making AI Machines Work for Humans in FoW
Authors: Amer-Yahia Sihem , Basu Roy Senjuti , Chen Lei , Morishima Atsuyuki , Abello Monedero James , Bourhis Pierre , Charoy François , Danilevsky Marina , Das Gautam , Demartini Gianluca , Elbassuoni Shady , Gross-Amblard David , Hoareau Emilie , Inoguchi Munenari , Kenworthy Jared , Kitahara Itaru , Lee Dongwon , Li Yunyao , Borromeo Ria Mae , Papotti Paolo , Rao Raghav , Roy Sudeepa , Senellart Pierre , Tajima Keishi , Thirumuruganathan Saravanan , Tommasi Marion , Umemoto Kazutoshi , Wiggins Andrea , Yoshida Koichiro
Published: December 2020

The Future of Work (FoW) is witnessing an evolution where AI systems (broadly machines or businesses) are used to the benefit of humans. Work here refers to all forms of paid and unpaid labor in both physical and virtual workplaces and that is enabled by AI systems. This covers crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, online labor marketplaces such as TaskRabbit and Qapa, but also regular jobs in physical workplaces. Bringing humans back to the frontier of FoW will increase their trust in AI systems and shift their perception to use them as a source of self-improvement, ensure better work performance, and positively shape social and economic outcomes of a society and a nation. To enable that, physical and virtual workplaces will need to capture human traits, behavior, evolving needs, and provide jobs to all. Attitudes, values, opinions regarding the processes and policies will need to be assessed and considered in the design of FoW ecosystems.
Optical Properties and Excited-State Dynamics of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhou Meng , Jin Rongchao
Published: December 2020

Understanding the excited-state dynamics of nanomaterials is essential to their applications in photoenergy storage and conversion. This review summarizes recent progress in the excited-state dynamics of atomically precise gold (Au) nanoclusters (NCs). We first discuss the electronic structure and typical relaxation pathways of Au NCs from subpicoseconds to microseconds. Unlike plasmonic Au nanoparticles, in which collective electron excitation dominates, Au NCs show single-electron transitions and molecule-like exciton dynamics. The size-, shape-, structure-, and composition-dependent dynamics in Au NCs are further discussed in detail. For small-sized Au NCs, strong quantum confinement effects give rise to relaxation dynamics that is significantly dependent on atomic packing, shape, and heteroatom doping. For relatively larger-sized Au NCs, strong size dependence can be observed in exciton and electron dynamics. We also discuss the origin of coherent oscillations and their roles in excited-state relaxation. Finally, we provide our perspective on future directions in this area.
Highly Efficient Carbon-Array-Supported MnO2/RuO2 Cathodes for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries with Spatial and Induction Effects
Authors: Tang Yizhao , Cheng Hao , He Qinggang , Li Hanyu , An Yue , Xie Jian , Liu Ronghai
Published: December 2020

Through a facile, stepwise approach that includes electropolymerization, calcination, a hydrothermal method and low-temperature adsorption, a carbon array was coated with RuO2/MnO2 to form a highly efficient composite catalyst (RuO2/MnO2@carbon array) for Li–O2 batteries. The unique, hierarchical, three-dimensional array-type structure facilitates electrode wetting and oxygen transport as well as providing a large volume for Li2O2 loading. The growth of MnO2 nanosheets on the carbon array surface alters the surface roughness and provides attachment sites for the subsequent loading of catalyst nanoparticles. In addition, the introduction of RuO2 induces the formation of Mn3+ on the surface of MnO2, which not only improves the electrode conductivity but also the catalytic activity for ORR/OER. As a result, conformal growth of thin layers of Li2O2 on the surface of the RuO2/MnO2@carbon array and reversible decomposition of Li2O2 during cycling were achieved. In comparison with cathodes without a carbon array or catalyst, the Li–O2 cell with a RuO2/MnO2@carbon array cathode exhibits an markedly improved performance with high discharge capacity (10 000 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and long cycling life (252 cycles at 200 mA g−1 with a limited capacity of 500 mAh g−1).
An Electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical Coupled Three-dimensional Computational Framework for Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxuan , Chumakov Sergei , Li Xiaobai , Klinsmann Markus , Kim Sun Ung , Linder Christian , Christensen Jake
Published: December 2020

Thermal and mechanical effects play a vital role in determining the electrochemical behavior of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Non-uniform temperature distribution and mechanical deformation can result in uneven electrochemical states, leading to spatially varying aging rates that significantly shorten cell lifetime. In order to improve simulation accuracy and thus the quality of computational battery design optimization, it is therefore essential to capture these coupled phenomena in a simulation model of a full battery cell. In this work, an electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical coupled framework is proposed to simulate LIBs in the three-dimensional space. In this new framework, a recently proposed one-dimensional electrochemical model, which includes the impact of mechanical deformation and local lithiation state on the effective transport properties of the charged species, is coupled with a three-dimensional thermomechanical model. A unique coupling scheme is proposed to handle information exchange between these two models. This framework allows us to accurately and efficiently study the behavior of three-dimensional cells with realistic geometry and resolve the spatial variation of interested fields. Two commercial cells are studied to show the performance of the newly proposed battery simulation framework.
A Double-Layer Artificial SEI Film Fabricated by Controlled Electrochemical Reduction of LiODFB-FEC Based Electrolyte for Dendrite-Free Lithium Meal Anode
Authors: Liu Yutao , Wu Jiliang , Yang Yifu
Published: December 2020

The commercial application of lithium (Li) metal anode has long been hindered by low coulombic efficiency (CE) and Li dendrites, which are closely correlated with the quality of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. Naturally formed SEI films are usually unsatisfactory due to their non-ideal structures and components caused by in situ reactions of electrolyte with Li metal anode. Herein, a double-layer artificial SEI (ASEI) film is prepared by controlled electrochemical reduction of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) based electrolyte on Cu substrate. The thickness of the optimized ASEI film is about 67.2 nm, with boron (B) -containing oligomers and CFx compounds existing in the outer part of the layer, and the inner part of the layer is mainly composed of inorganic species (LiF, Li2CO3, Li2O). Such a specific structure enables the ASEI film with enough flexibility, high mechanical modulus, desirable Li+ conductivity and homogeneous Li+ flux, thus leading to uniform deposition of Li. ASEI@Cu∣Li cell achieves stable CE of ∼98% and ∼3 times lifespan compared to bare Cu. The much improved electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2∣ASEI@Cu(Li) full cell also demonstrates its potential in practical applications.
On an Sir Epidemic Model for the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Logistic Equation
Authors: De la Sen Manuel , Ibeas Asier
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this paper is to describe and interpret an SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered) epidemic model though a logistic equation, which is parameterized by a Malthusian parameter and a carrying capacity parameter, both being time-varying, in general, and then to apply the model to the COVID-19 pandemic by using some recorded data. In particular, the Malthusian parameter is related to the growth rate of the infection solution while the carrying capacity is related to its maximum reachable value. The quotient of the absolute value of the Malthusian parameter and the carrying capacity fixes the transmission rate of the disease in the simplest version of the epidemic model. Therefore, the logistic version of the epidemics’ description is attractive since it offers an easy interpretation of the data evolution especially when the pandemic outbreaks. The SIR model includes recruitment, demography, and mortality parameters, and the total population minus the recovered population is not constant though time. This makes the current logistic equation to be time-varying. An estimation algorithm, which estimates the transmission rate through time from the discrete-time estimation of the parameters of the logistic equation, is proposed. The data are picked up at a set of samples which are either selected by the adaptive sampling law or allocated at constant intervals between consecutive samples. Numerical simulated examples are also discussed.
The Concrete Performance with Iron Tailings Sand Modified by Polypropylene Fibers under Aggressive Environment
Authors: Tang Ke , Mao Xue-song , Wu Qian , Liu Longqi , Zhao Ying , Huang Wan-jun , Zhang Jian-xun
Published: December 2020

This paper aimed to explore the performance of concrete with iron tailings sand modified by polypropylene fibers under aggressive environment. Three kinds of concrete (ordinary concrete, concrete with iron tailings sand (ITS), and concrete with ITS modified by polypropylene fibers) were exposed to drying‐wetting cycles in 5% Na2SO4 solution for 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 days. The performance, such as pores distribution, crack width, corrosion products, mass variation, expansion variation, compressive strength, flexural strength, and the diffusion of sulfate ion were measured at regular time intervals during the whole exposure period to describe the associated evolution laws. The results show that, in the process of the corrosion of sodium sulfate solution, the formation of gypsum and ettringite (AFT) has an important impact on the harmful pores (>0.1 μm), cracks, mass variation, expansion variation, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the three concrete. Polypropylene fibers can refine the pores development and inhabit the crack development of the concrete with ITS, further alleviating the rate of sulfate ion attack on concrete and the rate of increase of corrosion products, so that the mass variation, the expansion variation, and the reduction of compressive strength and flexural strength can be limited effectively. Furthermore, in the concrete with ITS modified by 0.1% polypropylene fibers, the content of sulfate ions diffused is always the lowest.
Lack of Efficacy of Combined Carbohydrate Antigen Markers for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Wen Zhineng , Huang Ying , Ling Zhougui , Chen Jifei , Wei Xiaomou , Su Rui , Tang Zhenming , Wen Zhongwei , Deng Youping , Hu Zhuojun
Published: December 2020

Background. Lung cancer (LC) is top-ranked in cancer incidence and is the leading cause of cancer death globally. Combining serum biomarkers can improve the accuracy of LC diagnosis. The identification of the best potential combination of traditional tumor markers is essential for LC diagnosis. Patients and Methods. Blood samples were collected from 132 LC cases and 118 benign lung disease (BLD) controls. The expression levels of ten serum tumor markers (CYFR21, CEA, NSE, SCC, CA15-3, CA 19-9, CA 125, CA50, CA242, and CA724) were assayed, and that the expression in the levels of tumor markers were evaluated, isolated, and combined in different patients. The performance of the biomarkers was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and the difference between combinations of biomarkers was compared by Chi-square (

χ

2

) tests. Results. As single markers, CYFR21 and CEA showed good diagnostic efficacy for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, while NSE and CEA were the most sensitive in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.854 for the panel of four biomarkers (CYFR21, CEA, NSE, and SCC), 0.875 for the panel of six biomarkers (CYFR21, CEA, NSE, SCC, CA125, and CA15-3), and 0.884 for the panel of ten markers (CYFR21, CEA, NSE, SCC, CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA50, CA242, and CA724). With a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV), the diagnostic accuracy of the three panels was better than that of any single biomarker, but there were no statistically significant differences among them (all

P

values > 0.05). However, the panel of six carbohydrate antigen (CA) biomarkers (CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA50, CA242, and CA724) showed a lower diagnostic value (AUC: 0.776, sensitivity: 59.8%, specificity: 73.0%, and NPV: 60.4%) than the three panels (

P

value < 0.05). The performance was similar even when analyzed individually by LC subtypes. Conclusion. The biomarkers isolated are elevated for different types of lung cancer, and the panel of CYFR21, CEA, NSE, and SCC seems to be a promising serum biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer, while the combination with carbohydrate antigen markers does not improve the diagnostic efficacy.
Synthesis of Novel Diclofenac Hydrazones: Molecular Docking, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Ulcerogenic Activity
Authors: Alsaif Nawaf A. , Bhat Mashooq A. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. , Al-Tuwajiri Hanaa M. , Naglah Ahmed M. , Al-Dhfyan Abdullah
Published: December 2020

This study was aimed to design novel diclofenac hydrazones having anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity with gastric sparing effect. A new series of 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]-N’-[(substituted phenyl) methylidene] acetohydrazide derivatives (1−14) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and ulcerogenic activity. The compounds were identified and confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data. During anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced paw edema method, compounds (2, 3, 7, 8, 11, and 13) were found to be most promising. Compounds 3, 8, and 13 have been found to have significant analgesic activity compared to the reference drug diclofenac in analgesic activity by both the hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing method. The compounds which presented highly significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity were further tested for their ulcerogenic activity. Compounds 3 and 8 showed maximum ulcerogenic reduction activities. Compound 8 was found to have LD50 of 168 mg/kg. Compound 8 with 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl substitution was found to be the most promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent with gastric sparing activity. Molecular docking of compounds was performed for COX−1/COX−2 binding site. Lead compound 8 showed better binding affinities of −9.4 kJ/mol with both COX-1 and COX-2 as compared to the standard drug, diclofenac with binding affinities of −6.6 kJ/mol and −8.1 kJ/mol for COX−1 and COX−2, respectively.