bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Assessment in Panguil and Iligan Bay, Philippines: Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Joemar S. Macalisang  , Jeffrey Ken B. Balangao  , Ferlyn V. Logronio
Published: October 2024

Northern Mindanao, in the southern Philippines, is known for its rich biodiversity and vital coastal ecosystems. Rapid economic growth in the region, marked by industrialization and urban expansion, raises concerns about pollution and its impact on water quality and marine life. This review deals with environmental assessments conducted in Panguil and Iligan Bay, focusing on pollutant levels and their effects on marine life. By analyzing data from sediments, phytoplankton, benthic foraminifera, seagrasses and macroinvertebrates, key contaminants affecting the region’s environmental health and biodiversity were identified. Findings across various studies were integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of contamination trends and biodiversity responses. This work emphasizes the interconnected environmental challenges in Iligan and Panguil Bay, along with the surrounding areas, urging a multifaceted approach that promotes sustainability, fills research gaps, and informs effective conservation and management strategies.
Alkali and Non-alkali Treated Coconut Coir Fiber-Reinforced Coconut Shell Powder/MWCNT-Filled Polyester Matrix Composite: An Experimental Comparison
Authors: S. Ramu  , Gedion Habtay Gebremicheal  , Rajesh Mohan  , R. Suresh Kumar  , M. Karthigairajan  , V. Masannan  , M. Yuvaperiyasamy  , S. Durga
Published: October 2024

Engineering, biomedical, and medicinal applications effectively employ the extraction of natural resources. Natural and recycled natural fibers are highly advantageous for producing hard-core and soft-core composite materials and equipment. Natural fiber processing can yield diverse material characteristics. Particularly, processes such as chemical treatment, heat treatment, fine coating, and polishing (gold) composites can significantly enhance the characteristics of these materials. A further selection of non-synthetic solutions is designated for material application and environmentally friendly biodegradation to the earth. Due to the non-destructive nature of composites, many synthetic resources are incorporated into the environment, which can lead to corrosion and atmospheric pollution. Therefore, the remarkable movement toward replacing these compounds with natural coconut fiber, whether refined or untreated, shell powder, and composites incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) contributes to establishing a more environmentally sustainable society. This work included rigorous mechanical testing to compare the effects of alkali and non-alkali treatments. In particular, the tensile strength is 17.06% higher, the flexural strength is 7.35% higher, and the hardness on Shore D is 5.81% higher than that of non-alkali-treated material. The SEM analysis revealed the alkali-treated and untreated composites' consecutive failure zones, regions, and matrix structures.
The Children’s Liturgy of the Word: An Appraisal
Authors: Friel David M.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: One provision of the Directory for Masses with Children (1973) permits the Liturgy of the Word to be celebrated with children separately from the main assembly. In many parishes, this practice is known as the “Children’s Liturgy of the Word.” This article seeks to assess in a comprehensive way the value of the Children’s Liturgy of the Word as a means of ministering to Catholic children today, half a century after the pastoral practice first developed. Focused on six interrelated issues, the article asks to what extent this practice is consonant with our contemporary understanding of how best to initiate children into the ways of public Christian worship.
Lifelong QoT prediction: an adaptation to real-world optical networks
Authors: Wang Qihang , Cai Zhuojun , Khan Faisal Nadeem
Published: October 2024

Predicting the quality of transmission (QoT) is a critical task in the management and optimization of modern fiber-optic networks. Traditional machine learning (ML) QoT prediction models, typically trained on pre-collected datasets, are designed to make long-term predictions once deployed. However, this static training strategy often falls short in the face of time-dependent network evolution and variations. We identify the root cause of these shortcomings as shifts in data distribution, which are not accounted for in conventional static models. In response to these challenges, we propose an online continual learning pipeline that is specifically designed for stable QoT prediction in optical networks. This pipeline directly addresses the problem of distribution shifts by continuously updating the prediction model in response to real-time network data. We explore and compare various strategies within this framework and demonstrate that the integration of the adaptive retraining strategy and the regularized online continual learning algorithm (OCL-REG) significantly enhances the QoT prediction stability while optimizing the resource efficiency. OCL-REG demonstrates superior adaptability and stability, achieving an average cumulative mean squared error (C-MSE) of 0.19 on a testbench with a data distribution shift sequence containing 1000 batches. Moreover, the OCL-REG model requires fewer samples for adaptation, averaging around 107 samples, compared to the conventional retraining strategy, which requires an average of 253 samples. Our approach presents a paradigm shift in QoT prediction, moving from a static to a dynamic, lifelong learning model that is more attuned to the evolving realities of real fiber-optic networks.
Polarity management of multicore fiber-based optical devices in unidirectional and bidirectional spatial channel networks
Authors: Jinno Masahiko , Tahara Rika , Nakada Kyosuke , Izumi Takuma , Matsumoto Kako
Published: October 2024

Uncoupled multicore fibers (MCFs) are expected to be the first to be commercially deployed due to their high compatibility with existing single-mode fiber technologies. Since MCFs have a 3D shape, they generally exhibit connection polarity. Thus, optical devices based on MCFs also generally have polarity, which will complicate the core resource assignment and end-to-end core connections in future MCF-based spatial channel networks (SCNs). In this paper, we first discuss the polarity of MCF-based optical devices (MODs) such as MCF patch cords, spatial multiplexers (SMUXs), core selective switches (CSSs), and core selectors (CSs). We then propose a definition for global core numbers in a two-MCF unidirectional (2MCF-UD) SCN and a single-MCF bidirectional (1MCF-BD) SCN. We also propose a method for managing the polarity of MODs and correctly connecting cores end-to-end. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed global core numbering and polarity management method for MODs, testbeds emulating a 2MCF-UD SCN and a 1MCF-BD SCN are constructed using prototype CSS, CS, and SMUX devices. By using light with different optical frequencies as input and observing the output spectrum, we confirm that the spatial channel specified by the global core number is established correctly end-to-end in the SCN if the polarity of the MODs is set correctly.
Topology Bench: systematic graph-based benchmarking for core optical networks
Authors: Matzner Robin , Ahuja Akanksha , Sadeghi Rasoul , Doherty Michael , Beghelli Alejandra , Savory Seb J. , Bayvel Polina
Published: October 2024

Topology Bench is a comprehensive topology dataset designed to accelerate benchmarking studies in optical networks. The dataset, focusing on core optical networks, comprises publicly accessible and ready-to-use topologies, including (a) 105 georeferenced real-world optical networks and (b) 270,900 validated synthetic topologies. Prior research on real-world core optical networks has been characterized by fragmented open data sources and disparate individual studies. Moreover, previous efforts have notably failed to provide synthetic data at a scale comparable to our present study. Topology Bench addresses this limitation, offering a unified resource, and represents a 61.5% increase in spatially referenced real-world optical networks. To benchmark and identify the fundamental nature of optical network topologies through the lens of graph-theoretical analysis, we analyze both real and synthetic networks using structural, spatial, and spectral metrics. Our comparative analysis identifies constraints in real optical network diversity and illustrates how synthetic networks can complement and expand the range of topologies available for use. Currently, topologies are selected based on subjective criteria, such as preference, data availability, or perceived suitability, leading to potential biases and limited representativeness. Our framework enhances the generalizability of optical network research by providing a more objective and systematic approach to topology selection. A statistical and correlation analysis reveals the quantitative range of all of these graph metrics and the relationships between them. Finally, we apply unsupervised machine learning to cluster real-world topologies into distinctive groups based on nine optimal graph metrics using K-means. It employs a two-step optimization process: optimal features are selected by maximizing feature uniqueness through principal component analysis, and the optimal number of clusters is determined by maximizing decision boundary distances via support vector machines. We conclude the analysis by providing guidance on how to use such clusters to select a diverse set of topologies for future studies. Topology Bench, openly available via Dataset 1 (https://zenodo.org/records/13921775) and Code 1 (https://github.com/TopologyBench), promotes accessibility, consistency, and reproducibility.
Reconfigurable metasurface for circular dichroism and a polarization converter
Authors: Li Jiu-sheng , Wang Dan , Xiong Ri-hui
Published: October 2024

We propose a photosensitive silicon terahertz reconfigurable metasurface composed of a silicon substrate, a benzocyclobutene dielectric layer, a U-shaped silicon rod layer, and a metal open square ring layer. When the photosensitive silicon conductivity is σSi = 5 × 105 S/m, the metasurface exhibits strong circular dichroism under the incidence of a circularly polarized wave, with a circular dichroism (CD) value as high as 1 at frequency 4.03 THz. At this time, under linearly polarized wave incidence, the metasurface exhibits linear dichroism, with linear dichroism (LD) values of 0.71, -0.57, and 0.33 at frequencies of 6.76 THz, 7.45 THz, and 8.39 THz, respectively. While the photosensitive silicon conductivity is σSi  = 5 × 104S/m, the metasurface displays a circular-circular polarization converter, and the polarization conversion rate (PCR) is more than 0.9 in the 2.92-6.04 THz and the 2.94-5.68 THz band.
Computer Generated Color Hologram for 3D Model under orthogonal texture mapping and smooth shading
Authors: wu jun , Hao Shaowen , Kang Jiachen , Zhao Xuemei
Published: October 2024

Addressing the difficulties in texture mapping and smooth shading when using computers to generate holograms for 3D models, this article proposes a new method of computer-generated color holograms (CGCH) using analytical triangle, so as to present the 3D models realistically after holographic reconstruction. Firstly, a primitive triangle in local coordinate system is predefined, as well as its spectrum is presented under the assumpution that the surface amplitude of each triangle remains constant; Then, the spectrum of any triangle in space is calculated based on a known 3D affine transformation and the spectrum of the primitive triangle, combined with orthogonal texture mapping under triangle self-segmentation and smooth shading under the Blinn-Phong model. Next, in the YCbCr space, the spectrum of all triangles in space are processed through angular spectrum diffraction and inverse Fourier transform to obtain the light field at the holographic surface. Finally, the light field at the holographic surface in the YCbCr space is converted into RGB space and encoded to generate a CGCH with three components. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with methods reported in the literature, the proposed method in this paper effectively solves the problem of smooth shading between adjacent triangles and retains more complete texture information without distortion or deformation. Compared with CGCH generated in the RGB space, CGCH generated in the YCbCr space can avoid repeated diffraction calculations on three RGB channels when use RGB images as textures, thereby improving computational efficiency by nearly three times while the visual quality of the reconstructed CGCH is highly consistent.
Understanding the local implications of climate change: Unpacking the experiences of smallholder farmers in Thulamela Municipality, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Shoko Kori Dumisani , Musakwa Walter , Kelso Clare
Published: October 2024

Climate change is experienced locally. However, climate change impact assessments are often done at the international, regional and national levels. Local level impacts are less prolific. When international, regional and national level predictions are applied to the local level, they are out of context. Therefore, it is important to understand the local impact of climate change to enhance formulation of suitable adaptation strategies. This study aimed to understand the local impacts of climate change on smallholder farmers in Thulamela Municipality, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The actual experiences of smallholder farmers were unpacked. Face-to-face interviews with farmers in the region were conducted to solicit data on the climatic changes experienced, the impacts on crop and livestock production and social wellbeing. Data on the intensity of the impacts was also solicited. Results show that the experienced climatic changes emanated from temperature changes and shifts in rainfall patterns. The impacts on crop and livestock production as well as social wellbeing are all negative. Farmers indicated that the impacts were mostly average to high. It is concluded that smallholder farmers are aware that climate change impacts are negatively affecting their livelihoods. Investments towards building the capacity of smallholder farmers are pertinent.
Substance use patterns and negative urine opioid screen among patients on methadone treatment at a referral hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Kuria Susan Wangeci , Kiburi Sarah Kanana , Ochieng Jackline , Mburu John Maina , Owiti Fredrick
Published: October 2024

Background

Substance use is a global health concern, with opioids contributing significantly to the disease burden. In Kenya, Medically Assisted Therapy (MAT) programs using methadone have been implemented to address opioid use disorder. Despite the effectiveness of methadone, the concurrent use of other substances remains a critical challenge. This study aimed to assess substance use patterns at enrolment and evaluate the prevalence of negative urine opioid screens among patients attending a MAT clinic at a tertiary hospital in Kenya.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the medical records of 713 patients enrolled in the MAT clinic between December 2014 and February 2018. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, concurrent substance use at enrolment, and urine opioid screen results at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were collected. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with concurrent substance use, and the likelihood of achieving negative urine opioid screens.

Results

At enrolment into the MAT program, nearly all participants (712 out of 713) reported concurrent use of additional substances, with tobacco (91%) and cannabis (82.9%) being the most common. Concurrent substance use was significantly influenced by participants age, gender, education level, and route of administration of the substance. The program achieved an 81.3% retention rate at 24 months. However, the prevalence of negative urine opioid screens was lower compared to other populations, with a gradual increase from 61.3% at 6 months to 81.4% at 24 months. Notably, male patients (HR = 1.411, 95% C.I. 1.063–1.873, p = 0.01700) and those receiving higher methadone doses (HR 7.052, 95% CI 3.408–14.593, p<0.0001) were more likely to achieve negative urine opioid screens.

Conclusions

This study reveals a high prevalence of concurrent substance use among patients enrolling in the MAT program in Kenya, which may affect their likelihood of achieving negative urine opioid screens. These findings underscore the need for methadone treatment programs to adopt comprehensive approaches that address all substance use disorders to improve treatment outcomes.
Smoking and alcoholism dual addiction dissemination model analysis with optimal control theory and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Teklu Shewafera Wondimagegnhu , Kotola Belela Samuel , Alemneh Haileyesus Tessema
Published: October 2024

A mathematical model of the dual addiction dissemination dynamics of alcoholism and smoking was created and examined in this work, along with cost-effectiveness and optimal control techniques. The primary goal of the research is to determine which cost-efficient management techniques are most helpful in lowering the problem of dual addiction dispersion in the community. The smoking addiction sub-model, the alcohol addiction sub-model, and the dual addiction model between alcohol and smoking were all calculated, and their stability was examined in this study. The effective reproduction numbers of the models are computed using the next-generation operator technique. When the model’s effective reproduction number is smaller than one, the backward bifurcation phenomenon is seen. Six time-dependent control measures are taken into consideration when formulating and analyzing the optimum control issue. Utilizing and applying the parameter values and using MATLAB ode45 solver we performed numerical simulations for both the dual addiction model and its optimal control problem. Furthermore, using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), we carried out the cost-effectiveness analyses. The cost-effectiveness analysis shows that implementing all the protection (education) control measures simultaneously (i.e., implementing Strategy A) is the most cost-effective strategy. Finally, we recommend that the public health stakeholders must put great effort into the implementation of Strategy A to reduce the smoking and alcoholism dual addiction dissemination problem in the community.
Acute cardiovascular responses of postmenopausal women to resistance training sessions differing in set configuration: A study protocol for a crossover trial
Authors: Nine Iván , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Carballeira Eduardo , Rial-Vázquez Jessica , Rúa-Alonso María , Fariñas Juan , Giráldez-García Manuel , Iglesias-Soler Eliseo
Published: October 2024

Background

Resistance training is hardly recommended for postmenopausal women to counteract negative effects of hormonal changes. However, some concern exists about the marked hemodynamic responses caused by high-load resistance exercises. In this regard, studies on young, healthy, physically active individuals suggest that set configuration can modulate acute cardiovascular, metabolic, and cardiac autonomic responses caused by resistance training sessions, but this has not yet been explored in postmenopausal women.

Methods

A sample of 60 physically active postmenopausal women (30 normotensive, 30 hypertensive) will participate in this crossover study. After a medical exam, ergometry, familiarization session, and two testing sessions, participants will complete three experimental sessions and one control session in a randomized order. Each experimental session includes 36 repetitions of four exercises (horizontal leg press, bench press, prone leg curl, and lat pull-down) differing in set configuration: 9 sets of 4 repetitions (i.e., 33% intensity of effort) with 45 s of inter-set recovery, 6 sets of 6 repetitions (50% intensity of effort) with 72 s, and 4 sets of 9 repetitions (75% intensity of effort) with 120 s; with 4 min rest between exercises. Before and immediately after each session, arterial stiffness, hemodynamic variables, cardiac autonomic modulation, baroreflex sensitivity, sympathetic vasomotor tone, and resting oxygen uptake will be evaluated. Furthermore, perceived effort, mechanical performance (e.g., power, velocity), heart rate, and lactatemia will be collected throughout sessions. The impact of set configuration on these variables will be analyzed, along with comparisons between normotensive and hypertensive women.

Discussion

Cardiovascular responses to resistance exercise have been scarcely studied in females, particularly postmenopausal women. The results of this study will provide information about the modulating role of set structure on metabolic and cardiovascular responses of normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal women to resistance training.

Clinical trial registration

NCT05544357 on 7 December 2022.
Korean Triage and Acuity Scale education using role-playing and its effects on triage competency: A quasi-experimental design
Authors: Seo Yon Hee , Lim Sun-Og
Published: October 2024

Triage is the process of prioritizing patients in the emergency department (ED). This has a pivotal role in ensuring patient safety and that the ED operates smoothly; therefore, triage training education is an important aspect of triage nurses’ preparedness in different emergency situations. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design using a non-equivalent control group pre–post-test design to verify the effect of the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) education using role-playing on the knowledge of triage, triage performance ability, and triage competency in nursing students. Participants were 78 fourth-year nursing students from Shinseong University in South Korea; 39 were assigned to the experimental group, and 39 to the control group. The intervention was conducted for three weeks, from January 31 to February 16, 2024. The experimental group received KTAS education through role-playing, whereas the control group received triage education through lectures. Triage knowledge (t = 2.94, p = .004) and triage performance ability (t = 3.11, p = .003) were significantly improved in the experimental group. However, there was no significant difference in triage competency between groups (t = 1.32, p = .192). The post-test score of triage record in the experimental group showed a significant improvement over time (t = 0.56, p < .001). This study demonstrated that KTAS education using role-playing was more effective in improving triage knowledge and performance ability than traditional lecture methods for nursing students. Triage education programs should be developed considering the effectiveness of various teaching methods.
#Reklám megfelelés és felelősség – Az influenszermarketing sötét oldala
Authors: Berki-Süle Margit , Hlédik Erika
Published: October 2024

A közösségi média influenszerek által megosztott szponzorált tartalmak mint natív reklámok használata esetenként megtévesztő lehet, ezáltal fogyasztóvédelmi szempontból is releváns azok vizsgálata. A szerzők tanulmányukban azt vizsgálják, hogy fogyasztóvédelmi aspektusból milyen tényezők járulhatnak hozzá az influenszermarketing sikeres (etikus) megvalósításához és hogyan lehet az ezek mentén támasztott követelményeknek megfelelni. Esettanulmány-módszert alkalmazva öt versenytanácsi döntést elemeztek, amelyekben véleményvezérek közösségimédia-posztjait fogyasztók számára megtévesztőnek ítélte a hatóság. A konkrét esetek versenyfelügyeleti vizsgálata során felmerülő szempontok közül tanulmányukban két dimenzióra fókuszáltak: a reklámfelismerhetőség kérdésére és a kommunikációs gyakorlat szereplőinek felelősségi körére. A jelölések nyelvezetére vonatkozóan egyértelmű és nemzetközi szinten hasonló irányelveket követnek a hatóságok, ami megfelel az akadémiai ajánlásoknak is, a közzététel elhelyezésére vonatkozóan azonban külön szabályozás híján nincs egységes gyakorlat. A kutatás hangsúlyozza, hogy a közvetítő piaci szereplők számára iránymutatásra van szükség az influenszermarketing-kampányokban vállalt kötelezettségek teljesítése érdekében, ami közvetve hozzájárul azok sikeréhez a tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlatok elkerülése révén.
Vztah těla a mysli podle Kanta. Kantova transcendentálně-logická redukce jednoho metafyzického problému
Authors: Karásek Jindřich
Published: October 2024

The paper advocates the view that within Kant’s project of transcendental philosophy, the metaphysical problem of the relation between body and soul is reduced to an epistemic problem. The paper also aims to demonstrate the particular implications of this reduction with regard to the issues addressed in metaphysical conceptions of the relation between body and mind. Further, it is shown what conception of matter Kant develops within his reduction.
Filosofická víra pod kárným dohledem „orthodoxie“
Authors: Sikora Ondřej
Published: October 2024

Commentary on the previous article of Stanislav Sousedík.
Zemřel Karel Floss, filosof – pontifex (19. 7. 1926 – 15. 5. 2024)
Authors: Nejeschleba Tomáš
Published: October 2024

Obituary
A multifaceted analysis of pesticide utilization in market gardening along the Ruzizi plain: Exploring factors, farmer perceptions & media influence
Authors: Angel Anthony Kasonta  , Thakur Sugandha Shekhar , Jean-Claude Masumbuko Birindwa
Published: October 2024

Along the Ruzizi plain, subsistence agriculture constitutes households' primary food source. Regardless of the environment, the low level of pesticide use ensures less effective disease and pest control. This is why a study was carried out in the Ruzizi plain to identify the main determinants of pesticide use on vegetable crops for effective control of diseases and pests that significantly reduce the yield of these crops, which play an economically important role for producers and the role of the media in this context. The data was collected using a closed-type survey questionnaire on 90 market gardeners distributed equally between localities applying the probit model. The results of the probit model estimation reveal that about nine factors positively influence the use of pesticides: membership in a cooperative (p=0.0012), access to agricultural credit (p=0.0153), experience in agriculture (p=0.0008), experience in market gardening (p=0.0197), standard of living (p=0.0139), yield (p=0.0001), capacity building (p=0.0035), the area exploited (p=0.0011) and the cultivation system (p=0.0233). In addition, tomatoes are the leading vegetable crop grown by many market gardeners (61.1%), followed by amaranth (20%) and onions (18.9%). Also, 67.8% of market gardeners use pesticides compared to 32.2% who do not use them. Thus, considering these factors would contribute to decision-making when carrying out certain activities to improve market gardening, contributing considerably to the fight against food insecurity. Also, it is advised that the media work harder to inform rural residents and areas about the agenda for rural development.
Morphophysiological adaptations and fragrance profile analysis of two relocated orchid species
Authors: M. Dinesh Kumaar  , S. Karthikeyan  , D. Keisar Lourdusamy  , A. Senthil  , S. Vellaikumar
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the morpho-physiological adaptations and fragrance profiles of 2 relocated orchid species, Cattleya aclandiae x Brassavola Little star (V1) and Dendrobium var. Meesangnil (V2), following their translocation from Nagercoil to Coimbatore, India. The research aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying successful acclimatization of these fragrant orchids to a new environment, with implications for horticulture, conservation and therapeutic applications. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on vegetative growth parameters, flowering characteristics, physiological responses and volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles. Morphological assessments revealed distinct adaptive strategies between the 2 species, with Dendrobium exhibiting superior vertical growth (39.13 cm) and leaf production (9 leaves/plant), while Cattleya developed larger leaves (30.483 cm length, 7.178 cm breadth) and longer internodes (5.061 cm). Flowering characteristics also differed significantly, with Cattleya demonstrating earlier spike emergence and floret opening. Physiological analyses using a CI-340 Handheld Photosynthesis System showed higher photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates and stomatal conductance in Dendrobium, suggesting a more resource-acquisitive strategy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified unique VOC profiles for each species, with 30 compounds detected in both varieties, including notable compounds such as n-Hexadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid and beta-Sitosterol. The study also explored potential applications in therapeutic horticulture, highlighting the diverse sensory and educational value of these orchid species. This comprehensive analysis of morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations provides valuable insights into orchid acclimation processes and their potential for conservation and horticultural applications, contributing to our understanding of plant adaptability in the face of environmental changes and offering a foundation for future studies on orchid biology, ecology and therapeutic uses.
Focus on form, forms, or meaning in grammar instruction: a study of Pakistani university EFL teachers’ cognition and practices
Authors: Ahmed Hafiz Nauman , Mahmood Saqib
Published: October 2024

Teacher cognition shapes teachers’ pedagogical decision-making and influences their teaching practices, including grammar instruction, even when their cognition and practices might be inconsistent. This study explores English language teachers’ cognition regarding grammar instruction and analyses (in)consistencies in teacher cognition and classroom practices. The study employed a structured questionnaire administered to over 210 teachers teaching English language to undergraduate classes at various universities in Pakistan. The results of the questionnaire were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The findings reveal that, despite using focus on forms (FonFs) instruction, teachers support focus on meaning (FonM) instruction, but consider focus on form (FonF) as the most suitable choice for language teaching. Moreover, the content and materials used by teachers reveal their actual classroom practices which tend to favour FonFs instruction, conflicting with their beliefs. This misalignment also indicates teachers’ insufficient knowledge of L2 learning theories and the intricate nature of their grammar cognition. The study implies the need for research on mediating factors in teacher cognition-practice and training programs promoting L2 theory and practical strategies.
Group work and translanguaging as coping strategies for content learning in English-medium higher education contexts
Authors: Alhassan Awad
Published: October 2024

English as a medium of instruction (EMI) has been increasingly used in Higher Education institutions in countries where English is spoken as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL). Research over the last decade has predominantly focused on EMI implementation, perceptions, and attitudes of stakeholders towards EMI as well as the challenges experienced by both teachers and students. However, little research, thus far, has focused on the coping strategies used by students to overcome challenges and manage their EMI study. The present study duly aims to fill this gap and contribute to the advancement of EMI research and pedagogy in this under-researched area. The study particularly attempts to explore group work and translanguaging as coping strategies that students employ to overcome content learning challenges and succeed in their EMI study. The study adopted a qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews were used as the main method of data collection. Twenty participants voluntarily took part in the study. The data were analysed thematically and inductively. Results showed that students utilised several coping strategies to overcome EMI learning challenges and described these strategies as being helpful for them to understand EMI subject content. The pedagogical implications are discussed.
Shared leadership strategies for languages education. A case of project-based learning at CLC in Poznan University of Technology
Authors: Strukowska Marta E.
Published: October 2024

This article explains how shared leadership can be recognised and established in project-based learning as a situated English practice. It specifically explores the task characteristics of Cox et al.’s (2003) leadership model, which illustrates the functional relations between the procedural features of project work and its outcomes. The result of the analysis is that project work underlies the collective and highly integrative potential of the group of students, transforming them into a community of practice. The findings indicate that factors contributing to facilitating shared leadership are the interdependence of tasks between individuals driven by intrinsic motivation to act and the low complexity of tasks. The analysis also suggests that, although low complexity tasks may weaken shared leadership, they maximise relevance, thereby minimising cognitive effort. Consequently, this response strategy can help boost collaboration.
Translanguaging in content assessment: voices, experiences and practices of EMI university students
Authors: Gülle Talip , Bayyurt Yasemin
Published: October 2024

While translanguaging has gained significant traction as a theory of language that holds implications for educational settings with students from various language backgrounds, its viability in content assessment remains an unresolved issue. Students in English-medium instruction (EMI) programs at a private university in Türkiye participated in content exams that did not impose any language constraints, and follow-up interviews were conducted to probe into the participants’ language-related EMI experiences and the factors that affected their language use in their responses. Student reports showed that L1 was used by instructors to explain complex concepts or when students’ comprehension was challenged. Students used both English and L1 materials for studying, and in group and individual work, a mix of English and L1 was common, driven by the aim of cognitive efficiency and overcoming language barriers. In the content exams, both monolingual and translingual practices were employed by the participants, and their language use was mainly associated with relative proficiency in L2, encoding-retrieval match, and compartmentalization of languages. The study demonstrates that students encounter challenges in L2 comprehension and production in lessons and exams and that offering language flexibility in content exams may serve as a temporary accommodation that allows fuller expression of content knowledge, particularly in time-constrained exams.
AI-generated vs. student-crafted assignments and implications for evaluating student work in nursing: an exploratory reflection
Authors: Metersky Kateryna , Chandrasekaran Kaveenaa , Rahman Rezwana , Haider Murtaza , Al-Hamad Areej
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is an artificial intelligence-powered language model that can generate a unique outputs, in reponse to a user’s textual request. This has raised concerns related to academic integrity in nursing education as students may use the platform to generate original assignment content. Subsequently, the objective of this quality improvement project were to explore and identify effective strategies that educators can use to discern AI-generated papers from student-written submissions.

Methods

Four nursing students were requested to submit two versions a Letter to the Editor assignement; one assignment that was written by the student; the other, exclusively generated by ChatGPT-3.5.

Results

AI-generated assignments were typically grammatically well-written, but some of the scholarly references used were outdated, incorrectly cited, or at times completely fabricated,. Additionally, the AI-generated assignments lacked detail and depth.

Conclusions

Nursing educators should possess an understanding of the capabilities of ChatGPT-like technologies to further enhance nursing students’ knowledge development and to ensure academic integrity is upheld.
Ionospheric TEC and its irregularities over Egypt: a comprehensive study of spatial and temporal variations using GOCE satellite data
Authors: Bakry Ibrahim Fouad , Ahmed Ibrahim F. , Mousa Ashraf E.-K , El-Fiky Gamal S.
Published: October 2024

This study delves into ionospheric characteristics during solar cycle 24 using data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, GOCE. The present study fills the gap of not assessing and studying GOCE satellite data before in Egypt. Focusing on spatial and temporal variations of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) over Egypt and the Middle East across a 4-year dataset, monthly average Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) variations are scrutinized, emphasizing extremes during heightened and reduced solar and geomagnetic activities. Results TEC typically decreases with latitude’s increase, with peak ionization during equinoxes and troughs during solstices. Notably, VTEC values consistently reach maximum values on days of heightened solar and geomagnetic activities. GOCE data is evaluated against International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model and NeQuick2 model by selecting 10 days from all data by using a statistical comparison via t-tests. There is not significant difference between them except for two days between GOCE-IRI. The values of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are 3.7403 and 4.4655 for GOCE – NeQuick2 model and GOCE – IRI model, respectively. Ionospheric scintillation, signifying rapid electron density fluctuations, is assessed through amplitude scintillation index (S4), S4 proxy, and Rate Of TEC Index (ROTI). A robust correlation between S4 and S4 proxy is noted, thus scintillation can be studied by using S4 proxy instead of S4. Temporal variations indicate heightened scintillation during geomagnetic storms and peak solar activity, contrasting with reduced activity during solar minimum. Throughout the study period the maximum scintillation index values for ROTI, S4, and S4 proxy are 0.3, 0.15, and 0.05, indicating minimal scintillation. This comprehensive analysis, rooted in GOCE data, illuminates spatial and temporal dynamics of ionospheric TEC and elucidates ionospheric scintillation characteristics in the Egypt region. These findings are crucial for refining ionospheric models, improving scintillation prediction, and enhancing satellite communication and navigation systems, especially in the study region.
Assyrian Imperial Elites and Textile Culture of the 1st Millennium BC: Shaping Power Visions Through Textiles
Authors: Gaspa Salvatore
Published: October 2024

As a crucial component of the materiality of the first world empire, textile culture documented in archival cuneiform documents, visual art, and archaeological materials from 1st-millennium BC Assyria enables historians to reconstruct the social identities, power visions, and economic systems of the people who ruled the “Land of Aššur”. Through the analysis of royal clothes, it is possible to form an idea of the clothing ensemble, the aesthetic, and power visions that shaped the presence of the king and his queen in public ceremonies and in visual art narratives, and to see how royal textile art played a role in political communication. Royal garments, combined with power accessories such as royal insignia and other objects, represented a powerful means to visualize royal personhood and what the institution of Assyrian kingship meant in the imperial phase of Assyrian history. Representations of royal scenes in visual art integrate the documentary picture from texts and archaeological materials and show how the royal costume developed over the Neo-Assyrian period and how the centrality and superior status of the royal person were emphasised by visual interaction between the king’s clothes and other textiles in the scene. Queenly garments represent another channel for the communication of the success of the Assyrian imperial project. Less represented in textual sources and material evidence are other upper-class sectors of Assyrian imperial society, in which textiles equally played an important role as markers of social identity and status. Non-royal textiles were an integral part of power narratives in the Neo-Assyrian age, contributing to create the sense of a common Assyrian identity, of elite’s unity and cohesion, and full adherence to the imperial project.
Comic timing in prose fiction
Authors: Haines Alice
Published: October 2024

This article explores the perception of comic timing effects in prose fiction and the involvement of this effect in a reader’s ability to recognise and appreciate humour. It suggests that the effect of comic timing, generally, results from perceived changes in pace rather than absolute timing. In a written text, a comic timing effect can be constructed linguistically through changes in perceived narrative urgency. In the passages analysed here, this change is from a state of impeded urgency, where textual features that encourage a sense of pace are combined with features that diminish this, to a state where the impediment to urgency is removed. This corresponds with and contributes to the reader’s sense of emergence from the text world, a positional shift that encourages their sense of sharing humour with the author.
The pragmatics of black–white conversations: Richard Wright’s representation of the African American experience
Authors: Hu Yanwei
Published: October 2024

Richard Wright represents the African American experience of white racism in his novel Native Son and autobiography Black Boy. In the two works, Wright delves into the psychic effects of white racism on young African Americans. From a pragmatic perspective, this article analyzes the conversations between whites and young African Americans in the two works, with the aim of exploring how the conversations can impact on how the young African Americans think about reality and about themselves in relation to whites, that is, how whites attempt to form black subjectivity through conversation. The conversational mechanisms of the formation of black subjectivity are investigated by building on research in pragmatics on conversational cooperation and interpersonal pragmatics. The article first examines the structural features of black-white conversations, and explains the conversational norms by using Grice’s theory of conversation as the explanatory framework. The analysis sheds light on the relative nature of Grice’s maxims and the inseparability of the informational and the relational aspects of conversation. The article examines the relationship dynamics of black-white conversations by drawing on studies in interpersonal pragmatics. From the stylistic feature of the use of address terms, the study delves into the interracial pragmatics of black–white conversations.
Expanded phenotypic spectrum in MODY 5 patients with 17q12 deletion syndrome: experience from an Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: Misgar Raiz A. , Qadir Ajaz , Masoodi Shariq Rashid , Jayaram Shruthi , Chhabra Ankit , Jayaram Shantala , Radha Venkatesan , Gopi Sundarmoorthy , Mohan Viswanathan , Kanthimathi Sekar
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To study the clinical and genotypic spectrum of patients with HNF-1ß deletions (MODY 5) at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

This study included four patients from the Department of Endocrinology at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar with a strong clinical suspicion of MODY 5. Genetic analysis, including a monogenic gene panel comprising 78 genes associated with MODY and other similar forms of monogenic diabetes, was done. Dosage analysis of HNF 1B by Multiplex Ligand-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was performed.

Results

The mean age of patients was 22.25 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. Associated phenotypic features included neurodevelopmental disorder in all four patients, insulin resistance in two patients (2/4) and alopecia in three patients (3/4). One patient had clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism. All patients had renal malformations, and one patient had a Mullerian anomaly. Family history was present in 1 patient. All patients had pancreatic abnormalities, the most common type being dorsal agenesis of the pancreas (3/4), followed by annular pancreas (1/4). All patients had a genetic deletion of the gene HNF1B on chromosome 17 with a deletion interval of (?_37686431)_(37745059_?), (?_37687281)-(37744884_?), comprising exons 1 to 9.

Conclusions

It is imperative to maintain a high index of suspicion for MODY 5 in patients presenting with renal anomalies and diabetes, even in the absence of a family history. Early identification allows for screening family members and ensures a comprehensive approach to identifying and managing other abnormalities in these patients.
Preoperative serum glutathione reductase activity and alpha-fetoprotein level are associated with early postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shen Lihong , Shao Lijia , Feng Shengchun
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between preoperative serum glutathione reductase (GR) activity, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and early postoperative recurrence in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The data of 91 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy at Jinhua Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A comparison of clinical characteristics between non-recurrent group and Recurrence group was conducted, and the association between GR activity, AFP levels, and early postoperative recurrence in HCC was investigated.

Results

Recurrence group (n=50) had a significantly higher AFP levels (median: 226.7 vs. 99.7 μg/L, p<0.001) and significantly lower GR activity (median: 55.0 vs. 68.0 U/L, p<0.0001) compared with non-recurrent group (n=41). The GR activity was negatively correlated with the AFP level (r=−0.4275, p<0.01). Low GR activity (OR=0.948; 95 % CI: 0.910–0.988; p=0.011) and high AFP levels (OR=1.003; 95 % CI: 1.000–1.006; p=0.036) independently contribute to an increased risk of early postoperative recurrence in HCC patients. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of GR activity and AFP level for predicting early postoperative recurrence of HCC was 0.790 and 0.708, respectively. Patients with GR >60U/L had a higher early postoperative non-recurrence rate than patients with GR ≤60U/L (71.4 % [30/42] vs. 22.4 % [11/49]; HR=4.026; 95 % CI: 2.254–7.188; p<0.01); Patients with AFP ≤100 μg/L had a higher early postoperative non-recurrence rate than patients with AFP >100 μg/L (65.6 % [21/32] vs. 33.9 % [20/59]; HR=2.490; 95 % CI: 1.397–4.438; p<0.01).

Conclusions

The preoperative serum GR activity and AFP level hold significant predictive value for early postoperative recurrence in HCC patients.