bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Pneumothorax and Its Association with Ventilation in Neonates
Authors: Donda Keyur , Babu Sharmila , Rastogi Deepa , Rastogi Shantanu
Published: April 2023

Objective The mode of ventilation that is implicated in pneumothorax is the one at the time of its diagnosis. Although there is evidence that air leak starts many hours before it is clinically evident, there are no prior studies that have investigated the association of pneumothorax with the mode of ventilation few hours before rather than at the time of its diagnosis.

Study Design A retrospective case–control study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2006 and 2016 where cases of neonates with pneumothorax were compared with gestational age-matched control neonates without pneumothorax. Respiratory support associated with pneumothorax was classified as the mode of ventilation 6 hours before the clinical diagnosis of pneumothorax. We investigated the factors that were different between cases and controls, and between cases of pneumothorax on bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Result Of the 8,029 neonates admitted in the NICU during the study period, 223 (2.8%) developed pneumothorax. Among these, 127 occurred among 2,980 (4.3%) neonates on bCPAP, 38 among 809 (4.7%) neonates on IMV, and the remaining 58 among 4,240 (1.3%) neonates on room air. Those with pneumothorax were more likely to be male, have higher body weight, require respiratory support and surfactant administration, and have bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Among those who developed pneumothorax, there were differences in the gestational age, gender, and use of antenatal steroids between those who were on bCPAP as compared to those on IMV. IMV was associated with increased odds of pneumothorax as compared to those on bCPAP in a multivariable regression analysis. Cases on IMV had higher incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, BPD, and necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as longer length of stay as compared to those on bCPAP.

Conclusion Neonates who require any respiratory support have higher incidence of pneumothorax. Among those on respiratory support, those on IMV had higher odds of pneumothorax and worse clinical outcomes as compared to those on bCPAP.

Key Points
Comparison of De-escalation of DAPT Intensity or Duration in East Asian and Western Patients with ACS Undergoing PCI: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gorog Diana A. , Jeyalan Visvesh , Markides Rafaella I. L. , Navarese Eliano P. , Jeong Young-Hoon , Farag Mohamed
Published: April 2023

Background Guideline-recommended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; aspirin plus prasugrel/ticagrelor) for 12 months in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients increases bleeding, with East Asians (EAs) exhibiting higher bleeding and lower ischemic risk, compared with non-East Asians (nEAs). We sought to compare DAPT “de-escalation” strategies in EA and nEA populations.

Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing reduction of DAPT intensity or duration in ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, in EA and nEA, was performed using a random-effects model.

Results Twenty-three trials assessed reduction of DAPT intensity (n = 12) or duration (n = 11). Overall, reduced DAPT intensity attenuated major bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.94, p = 0.009), without impacting net adverse cardiovascular events (NACE) or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). In nEA, this increased MACE (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.09–1.31, p < 0.0001) without impacting NACE or bleeding; while in EA, it reduced major bleeding (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.95, p = 0.02) without affecting NACE or MACE. Overall, abbreviation of DAPT duration reduced NACE (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99, p = 0.03) due to major bleeding (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53–0.99, p = 0.006), without impacting MACE. In nEA, this strategy did not impact NACE, MACE, or major bleeding; while in EA, it reduced major bleeding (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.4–0.91, p = 0.02) without impacting NACE or MACE.

Conclusion In EA, reduction of DAPT intensity or duration can minimize bleeding, without safety concerns. In nEA, reduction of DAPT intensity may incur an ischemic penalty, while DAPT abbreviation has no overall benefit.
Corrigendum to: Efficacy and acceptability of ‘nudges’ aimed at promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use: a survey of overseas born men who have sex with men
Authors: Fidler Nicholas , Vlaev Ivo , Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Chow Eric P. F. , Lee David , Read Daniel , Ong Jason J.
Published: April 2023

Background:This study explores the potential for behavioural economics techniques called ‘nudges’ to encourage the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by overseas-born men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia. We investigated the preferences of overseas-born MSM for different nudges and the effect of nudges on reported likelihood of seeking information about PrEP. Methods:We conducted an online survey of overseas-born MSM, in which they were asked: (1) how likely they and a relevant friend would be to click on PrEP advertisements that used behavioural economics strategies; and (2) what they most and least liked about each ad. We conducted ordered logistic regression of reported likelihood scores against participant age and sexual orientation, use of a model in an advertisement, use of statistics about PrEP, reference to the World Health Organization (WHO), rewards for seeking further information, and use of a call-to-action. Results:Participants (n=324) reported higher likelihoods of clicking on advertisements with images of people, statistics about PrEP, rewards for seeking further information, and calls-to-action. They reported lower likelihoods of clicking on advertisements referencing the WHO. They had negative emotional responses to sexualised humour, gambling metaphors, and the slogan ‘Live Fearlessly’. Conclusions:Overseas-born MSM prefer public health messages that feature representative messengers and statistics about PrEP. These preferences are consistent with previous data on descriptive norms (i.e. statistics about the number of peers doing the desired behaviour) and gain-framed information (i.e. focusing on what can be gained from an intervention).
Resource theory of quantum scrambling
Authors: Garcia Roy J. , Bu Kaifeng , Jaffe Arthur
Published: April 2023

Quantum chaos has become a cornerstone of physics through its many applications. One trademark of quantum chaotic systems is the spread of local quantum information, which physicists call scrambling. In this work, we introduce a mathematical definition of scrambling and a resource theory to measure it. We also describe two applications of this theory. First, we use our resource theory to provide a bound on magic, a potential source of quantum computational advantage, which can be efficiently measured in experiment. Second, we also show that scrambling resources bound the success of Yoshida’s black hole decoding protocol.
Elucidating the origins of phycocyanobilin biosynthesis and phycobiliproteins
Authors: Rockwell Nathan C. , Martin Shelley S. , Lagarias J. Clark
Published: April 2023

Terrestrial ecosystems and human societies depend on oxygenic photosynthesis, which began to reshape our atmosphere approximately 2.5 billion years ago. The earliest known organisms carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis are the cyanobacteria, which use large complexes of phycobiliproteins as light-harvesting antennae. Phycobiliproteins rely on phycocyanobilin (PCB), a linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore, as the light-harvesting pigment that transfers absorbed light energy from phycobilisomes to the chlorophyll-based photosynthetic apparatus. Cyanobacteria synthesize PCB from heme in two steps: A heme oxygenase converts heme into biliverdin IXα (BV), and the ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductase (FDBR) PcyA then converts BV into PCB. In the current work, we examine the origins of this pathway. We demonstrate that PcyA evolved from pre-PcyA proteins found in nonphotosynthetic bacteria and that pre-PcyA enzymes are active FDBRs that do not yield PCB. Pre-PcyA genes are associated with two gene clusters. Both clusters encode bilin-binding globin proteins, phycobiliprotein paralogs that we designate as BBAGs (bilin biosynthesis-associated globins). Some cyanobacteria also contain one such gene cluster, including a BBAG, two V4R proteins, and an iron–sulfur protein. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this cluster is descended from those associated with pre-PcyA proteins and that light-harvesting phycobiliproteins are also descended from BBAGs found in other bacteria. We propose that PcyA and phycobiliproteins originated in heterotrophic, nonphotosynthetic bacteria and were subsequently acquired by cyanobacteria.
Ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of rotons in superfluid helium
Authors: Milner Alexander A. , Stamp Philip C. E. , Milner Valery
Published: April 2023

Short-time dynamics of superfluids far from equilibrium remains largely unknown, despite its importance for key processes in these systems. Here, we describe a method for locally perturbing the density of superfluid helium via the excitation of roton pairs with ultrashort laser pulses. By measuring the time dependence of this perturbation, we track the nonequilibrium dynamics of the two-roton states on femtosecond and picosecond timescales. Our results reveal an ultrafast equilibration of roton pairs as they thermalize with the colder equilibrium quasiparticle gas. Future applications of this technique to different temperature and pressure regimes, in various superfluids, will enable to probe rapid nucleation and decay processes, as well as metastable Bose–Einstein condensates of rotons and roton pairs.
Representations of ‘leftover women’ in the Chinese English-medium newspapers
Authors: Yu Yating , Lam Phoenix
Published: April 2023

Previous media studies have largely examined the media construction of ‘leftover women’ in the Chinese-medium news media that are pervaded by patriarchal content. Yet, little attention has been given to the thematic content surrounding leftover women in the Chinese English-medium news media which seem to be more liberal in their stance. To fill this niche, this study employs a key keyword analysis to examine the dominant thematic concepts related to leftover women in the Chinese English-medium news media. The findings illustrate that the key keywords in the news reports belong to three thematic categories, namely social actors and attributes, dating activities and relationships, and other social matters. These thematic categories are intertwined with one another to construct the overall representations of leftover women suggesting ideological implications for both patriarchy and egalitarianism. The usefulness of employing corpus techniques to examine overarching themes in gender representations is also highlighted in this study.
Poverty, education and family health limit disease management and yields on smallholder cocoa farms in Bougainville
Authors: Guest David , Butubu James , van Ogtrop Floris , Hall Jessica , Vinning Grant , Walton Merrilyn
Published: April 2023

Decades of research and training activities have not reduced crop disease or pest losses, increased average yields, or alleviated poverty among smallholder cocoa farmers. Failure has been variously attributed to farmer ignorance or indifference, sociocultural barriers, inappropriate technologies, risk aversion, or uncertain financial incentives. However, attributing a single cause overlooks the complexity resulting from unique intersections of challenges facing smallholder cocoa farming families in different regions. We investigated smallholder farmer productivity from a transdisciplinary One-Health perspective and found that among cocoa farming families in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (Papua New Guinea; PNG) the most significant barriers to increased productivity and higher incomes were low levels of education, financial insecurity, and poor family health. These factors interact to reduce the availability of productive labour needed to implement knowledge and technologies from extension and training programs, and it is labour availability rather than agronomic knowledge that limits the effectiveness of farmer training. If the goal is to increase productivity and thus livelihoods of smallholder cocoa farmers, One Health approaches that engage with communities to include relevant education, health, and income diversification packages are likely to be more successful than conventional agronomically-based farmer training. Healthy crops depend on healthy, educated farming families.

One Health Impact Statement

Conventional disciplinary-based assistance programs assume that it is technical knowledge that limits food production, incomes, and living standards in rural, low-income communities. This approach overlooks how the intersection of knowledge with incentives and human capacity constrains technology adoption. Significant global investments in disciplinary-based programs have not improved smallholder cocoa yields, incomes, or family health. Our team collected data on demography, farming activities, incomes, health, and nutrition from families in 33 cocoa-growing villages in Bougainville. Results were presented back to the communities, Government and scientific community and their perspectives incorporated. Our transdisciplinary interpretation revealed that among the diverse factors examined, education levels, income diversification, and family health have the strongest impacts on poverty. This deeper understanding of the intersecting factors in poverty informs the prioritisation and development of more effective, One Health approaches to poverty alleviation.
Expanded directly binds conserved regions of Fat to restrain growth via the Hippo pathway
Authors: Fulford Alexander D. , Enderle Leonie , Rusch Jannette , Hodzic Didier , Holder Maxine V. , Earl Alex , Oh Robin Hyunseo , Tapon Nicolas , McNeill Helen
Published: April 2023

The Hippo pathway is a conserved and critical regulator of tissue growth. The FERM protein Expanded is a key signaling hub that promotes activation of the Hippo pathway, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie. Previous work identified the polarity determinant Crumbs as a primary regulator of Expanded. Here, we show that the giant cadherin Fat also regulates Expanded directly and independently of Crumbs. We show that direct binding between Expanded and a highly conserved region of the Fat cytoplasmic domain recruits Expanded to the apicolateral junctional zone and stabilizes Expanded. In vivo deletion of Expanded binding regions in Fat causes loss of apical Expanded and promotes tissue overgrowth. Unexpectedly, we find Fat can bind its ligand Dachsous via interactions of their cytoplasmic domains, in addition to the known extracellular interactions. Importantly, Expanded is stabilized by Fat independently of Dachsous binding. These data provide new mechanistic insights into how Fat regulates Expanded, and how Hippo signaling is regulated during organ growth.
Thermal capacities and polytropic processes
Authors: Anacleto Joaquim
Published: April 2023

Herein, we analyse polytropic processes for an ideal gas within the wider concept of thermal capacity. To answer the question of whether the thermal capacity is a process, path, or state function, we argue that it should be tentatively set as a path function and if it remains constant along the path, the corresponding process is polytropic. Of all the paths, there are only two—at constant volume and constant pressure—for which the thermal capacities—

C

V

and

C

P

—are state functions, i.e. system properties. The discussions herein are valuable both scientifically and instructively because they shed light on issues in undergraduate curricula that are not addressed in sufficient detail in physics textbooks, not even in the most advanced ones.
Epitaxial growth of trilayer graphene moiré superlattice
Authors: Yuan Yalong , Chu Yanbang , Hu Cheng , Tian Jinpeng , Liu Le , Wu Fanfan , Ji Yiru , Zhao Jiaojiao , Huang Zhiheng , Zan Xiaozhou , Du Luojun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shi Dongxia , Shi Zhiwen , Yang Wei , Zhang Guangyu
Published: April 2023

The graphene-based moiré superlattice has been demonstrated as an exciting system for investigating strong correlation phenomenon. However, the fabrication of such moiré superlattice mainly relies on transfer technology. Here, we report the epitaxial growth of trilayer graphene (TLG) moiré superlattice on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) by a remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The as-grown TLG/hBN shows a uniform moiré pattern with a period of ∼ 15 nm by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, which agrees with the lattice mismatch between graphene and hBN. By fabricating the device with both top and bottom gates, we observed a gate-tunable bandgap at charge neutral point (CNP) and displacement field tunable satellite resistance peaks at half and full fillings. The resistance peak at half-filling indicates a strong electron–electron correlation in our grown TLG/hBN superlattice. In addition, we observed quantum Hall states at Landau level filling factors ν = 6, 10, 14, …, indicating that our grown trilayer graphene has the ABC stacking order. Our work suggests that epitaxy provides an easy way to fabricate stable and reproducible two-dimensional strongly correlated electronic materials.
Study on Directivity of Underwater Circular Transducer Array
Authors: Zhao Xie , He Panpan
Published: April 2023

At present, in the detection and identification of underwater noise sources, one of the most commonly used transducer arrays is the circumferential transducer array. The circumferential transducer array is symmetrical in space and has high withstand voltage capability and small sound pressure fluctuation in the horizontal beam. Its directivity is an important index that affects the performance of the array. This paper focuses on the directivity maps of circular arrays with different sizes and numbers of elements. From the graph, it is concluded that the undulation of the directivity graph of the circular array is directly related to the array element spacing. The smaller the array element spacing is, the smaller the undulation is, and vice versa. The directivity formula and law can provide technical guidance for the design of a uniform circular transducer array.
Design of the Composite Fractal Embedded Slot Monopole Antenna
Authors: Zheng Meijie , Lin Bin , Wen Shuyao , Wang Xingye , Huang Qianyi , Wang Qiyu
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the rectangular nested fractal and Cantor fractal slot are skillfully fused together, and the composite fractal embedded slot radiation structure is creatively designed. It combines the microstrip monopole antenna of high radiation intensity and excellent directional radiation capability with the microstrip Balun feed structure of wide frequency range and step-by-step impedance matching capability to design composite fractal embedded slot monopole antenna that can meet the performance requirements of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. Actual test results show that the antenna has the advantages of both a high-performance redundant antenna and a directional radiation antenna and can completely cover the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System working for the frequency band. It is a high-performance satellite positioning antenna with strong application potential.
Influence of Key Process Parameters on Vibration Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Yu Wanbo , Sun Tao , Ma Zhenlai , Shi Zhenyi , Shu Peng , Yao Yuan
Published: April 2023

The low-noise operation of ships will be affected by the vibration of centrifugal pumps, which are widely implemented in vessels. Available papers mainly focused on the structural optimization of pump components with less concentration on their assembly process, which include coaxiality, circle-runout and clearance fit, etc. The clearance between the impeller and wear ring, which is named wear-ring clearance, is influenced by the manufacturing and assembly process and has an impact on vibration. An investigation of the influence of key process parameters on the vibration characteristics of the pump based on wear-ring clearance is presented. A numerical model of the internal flow field of the pump is presented. The dynamic behavior in the frequency domain is obtained for fluid-solid interaction. The vibration is found to be more pronounced at some frequencies. A closed-loop dimensional chain system is constructed targeting the wear-ring clearance, and the circle-runout and coaxiality of some parts are found to have a prominent influence on it. A relationship between the key process parameters of the pump and vibration characteristics is established.
Leakage Analysis of Steam Condensate Pipe Elbow
Authors: Si Jun
Published: April 2023

The cause of leakage of a steam condensate pipe elbow has been carried out by means of chemical composition analysis, fracture surface analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the inner wall of the pipe at the socket welding of the downstream pipe elbow of the steam trap is not enough smooth, and the inner diameter suddenly changes, resulting in a sudden increase in the flow velocity, which increases the erosion-corrosion rate of the pipe wall, and finally leads to the elbow leakage.
Structural Design and Analysis of a Bionic Metacellular Robot Chassis
Authors: Yang Peijie , Yang Jian , Yang Jiaxin , Liu Li , Peng Yujie , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Bei , Nie Xuan , Tian Yingyu , Sang Ziyang
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the problems of lack of stability, poor adaptability, and weak load capacity of existing robots in complex environments. The corresponding adaptation methods are proposed through the analysis of various harsh environments in nature, and statistics are made. On this basis, a new type of metamorphic structure based on metamorphic theory and bionics principle is proposed, and the relevant mechanical structure of the chassis of the metamorphic robot is designed; The mechanical system and motion are designed, optimized, and analyzed by using Solidworks and MATLAB joint simulation platform; The motion planning and kinematics simulation of the bionic metamorphic robot chassis are carried out through ADAMS software; Stress simulation of loaded parts is carried out based on ANSYS. The results show that the design size and motion planning are reasonable and meet the bionic metamorphic robot chassis requirements for working environment and grasping operation.
Numerical Simulation Research and Implementation of Neutral Beam Injector Beam Power Based on a Gaussian Beam Model with the Uniform Emitting Surface
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Liang Lizhen , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: April 2023

Nuclear fusion is one of the most effective methods to solve future energy problems. In this field, Tokamak is a machine that confines a plasma using magnetism, and the way of neutral beam injection (NBI) is considered one of the most effective auxiliary heating methods for it. The necessary numerical simulation of the NBI system will provide scientific data guidance for the safe and effective operation of the experiment. More importantly, the high-energy particles produced by the neutral beam injector could cause severe damage to the Tokamak device and injector itself. Based on the above requirements, the transmission characteristics of the neutral beam are analyzed, and a calculation mode of the beam intensity is studied in this paper. Moreover, the energy deposition of the beam power is simulated by the C++ program platform, and the beam intensity is visualized. After testing, the stability of the program is demonstrated, and the data obtained from the experiment provide the necessary support for setting the parameters in the neutral beam injector. Meanwhile, the simulations of power deposition at different locations provide indispensable references for subsequent improvements in the design of the neutral beam injector.
Analysis and Control of Precision Machining Error for Spatial Angle Parts of Remote-Sensing Camera
Authors: Chang Jiang , Tu Qihui , Zhang Zhigang , Chen Ying
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the problem of low machining accuracy of remote-sensing camera parts with spatial angle, this study analyzed the causes from human, machine, material, method, environment, and measurement, and proposed an experimental analysis method based on the spatial rotation of machine tool spindle according to the linkage machining function of the five-axis machining center. The cutting experiment was carried out through the self-built benchmark of the machine tool, and the machining errors of the machine tool spindle with different spatial angles were studied. The precision machining of the parts with spatial angles was realized by taking measures such as machine tool correction and numerical control program compensation. The experiment proved that this method is feasible and effective.
Noncontact Vibration and Deformation Detection based on Low Complexity CW Radar
Authors: Wang Chao , Bai Kaixi , Li Wenqi , Shi Jinpeng , Chang Wuliang , Zhang Weixing
Published: April 2023

A low-cost and high-precision CW radar system is proposed for non-contact detection of the target’s tiny vibration. The radar system can obtain the vibration frequency and amplitude of the target by extracting the phase change of the reflected signal caused by the target’s vibrations. The proposed radar system uses a combination of the phase shifter and the hardware-based phase comparator, which has the advantages of high detection accuracy and low system complexity. Besides, the combination establishes a linear relationship between the phase change caused by vibration and the output signal of the phase comparator, providing the system with the ability to detect the vibration amplitude. Experimental validations show that the radar system can accurately detect the vibration frequency and amplitude of the loudspeaker and monitor human respiration in real-time at a distance of 2 m. For the amplitude experimental, the absolute error of the vibration amplitude measured by the radar system within 30 cm is less than 0.1 mm.
Optimal Configuration of Distribution Network Wideband Measurement Unit Considering Wideband Measurement
Authors: Qin Jianhua , Wang Jiangnan , Dong Zhenfeng , Lu Wei , Zhang Jiangbo , Ma Huancheng
Published: April 2023

With the large-scale integration of distributed generation (DG) and the increase in interaction with users, a large amount of wide-band information other than power frequency has been introduced into the distribution networks. The synchronous wide-band measurement is an important means to improve the situational awareness ability of the distribution network operation, hence, its optimization configuration has received more and more attention. To achieve the full observability of the network with the least measurement devices and achieve the goal of more accurate wide-band state estimation, this paper proposes a deployment method considering the wide-band information and the topology observability. Under the premise of ensuring that the network is completely observable, by comprehensively considering the redundancy of measurement and the conditioning number of the measurement matrix as well as the attenuation characteristics of the wide-band signal, the observability of the nodes considering wide-band information is re-determined and the topology matrix is modified. Simulation and analysis are carried out in the IEEE34 node distribution network system to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Portable In-Car Formaldehyde Detector Based on Fully Integrated Gas Sensor
Authors: Ma Yexuan , Liu Huimin , Guo Ying , Li Kun , Li Zhenghu , Ning Feifan , Feng Jiangchuan
Published: April 2023

A portable formaldehyde detector is designed for the detection of formaldehyde gas in the automobile. By using the gas sensor module to detect the change of the formaldehyde concentration in the air environment of the car, the current data change caused by the formaldehyde gas is processed by the single chip microcomputer to determine the formaldehyde concentration, combined with the communication protocols such as integrated circuit bus, display the results on the screen. The results of the laboratory test and in-car test show that the function of formaldehyde detection is accurate, reliable and easy to use.
Behavioral Modeling and Circuit Design of High Precision Low Power Dynamic Zoom ADC
Authors: Yuan Meng , Jian Mingchao , Zheng Jiwei , Guo Chunbing
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a high-precision, energy-saving dynamic zoom ADC consisting of a 6-bit SAR ADC and a second-level Σ − ∆ modulator (SDM) is proposed. Non-ideal factors, including slew rate (SR), limited bandwidth and DC gain of the op-amp, and kT/C noise, mismatch of DAC capacitors, are analyzed with a behavioral model in Simulink to guide actual circuit design more accurately. The ADC parameters are adjusted and optimized by model simulation. Because the DAC capacitors mismatch produces harmonic distortion, the DWA technique is used. A new digital combined circuit is proposed to minimize power consumption. To further improve its energy efficiency, a gain enhancement current mirror OTA is designed and the SAR ADC adopts upper plate sampling technique. The layout of zoom ADC occupies 0.856 mm2 in 65 nm techniques. It achieves 109.2 dB SNDR, 17.84 bits ENOB at 1 kHz signal bandwidth and consumes only 0.233 mW.
Partial Discharge Data Augmentation and Pattern Recognition for Unbalanced and Small Sample Scenarios
Authors: Dong Chi , Pang Xianhai , Lu Shijie , Zhao Jinjian , Liu Zhaochen , Xie Jun
Published: April 2023

To improve the accuracy of partial discharge pattern recognition under unbalanced and small sample conditions, a method of partial discharge data augmentation and pattern recognition using the generative adversarial network embedded deep auto-encoder (DAE-GAN) is proposed. First, deep Auto-encoder (DAE) is embedded into a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and DAE is used to guide the generation process to improve the authenticity of generated samples. Second, complement samples of PD samples are added to the training process of the Generative Adversarial Network to solve the problem of small PD samples. Finally, extended equalization training samples are used to fine-tune the discriminator of the model to realize PD pattern recognition. DAE-GAN is used for data augmentation and pattern recognition of partial discharge experimental signals. The results show that, compared with other algorithms, the authenticity and probability distribution fitting accuracy of partial discharge samples generated by DAE-GAN are higher and the accuracy of partial discharge recognition is improved by 8.24% after data augmentation.
Design Analysis of Flap Slat Control Computer
Authors: Ma Yuan , Cai Xuemei
Published: April 2023

The design of high safety and reliability slat flap control computer (SFCC) has become the main objective of flight control development. Firstly, the design requirements proposed. Secondly, the design of foreign advanced civil aircraft flap slat computers is summarized. Based on one type of aircraft SFCC design, the operation mode, redundancy management, synchronization, and monitoring design of the SFCC are analyzed in detail, and a design scheme of civil aircraft SFCC, which meets the requirements of safety and reliability, is proposed. Based on SFC real-time test environment, the SFCC design logic is verified. Taking the design and test of the flap motor direction error monitoring as an example, the test results show that the scheme design is reasonable and feasible, and the reliability of the flap slat computer is effectively improved.
Control and Study of the Three-Phase Three-Level Dual Active Bridge DC Converter
Authors: Hu Jinxuan , Yao Gang , Zhou Lidan
Published: April 2023

Multilevel DAB converters can share more effectively the reverse voltage compared to conventional dual active full-bridge converters, reducing the cost of switching tubes at the same power and voltage levels. At the same time, the increased control freedom of multilevel makes the control objectives more flexible, combining optimization objectives such as soft switching and inductor current reduction. In this paper, we propose a three-phase three-level dual active converter, based on the power transfer characteristics of dual phase shift control in the time domain, deriving the effect of inductor current with phase shift angle and variable voltage ratio, and determining the conditions for the switching tubes to work in soft switching, which effectively reduces the DC bus current fluctuation. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation.
Research on In-phase Signal Combining Method for Improving Phase Noise
Authors: Liang Chong
Published: April 2023

In high-precision system design, the realization of target precision is often limited by the design of the frequency source. In the design and testing of frequency sources, phase noise is often listed as an assessment item that can characterize the performance of frequency sources. Due to the current design and manufacturing level of devices and circuits, it is difficult for conventional methods to get a significant improvement in the phase noise index. This paper explains the concept, source and characteristics of phase noise. According to the different combining characteristics of the main signal and the phase noise, an in-phase signal combining method is proposed to improve the phase noise index. Multiple S-band frequency sources were used to build the verification platform. This platform is used to verify the improvement of the in-phase signal combining method in phase noise index. Finally, this paper presents the difficulties and methods of in-phase signal combining in practical design and applications.
Research on Relay Network Method of Aerial Platform
Authors: Xu DongHui , He JingYuan , Bian Qiang , Liu SiYi , Liu JiangLiang
Published: April 2023

As a regional wireless communication means, a wireless broadband communication system mainly provides communication services for mountainous areas with imperfect infrastructure construction. When the system provides communication services in mountainous areas, the vehicle-mounted base stations encounter obstacles to block communication, which causes the problem of non-cascade communication. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm based on the adaptive change of crossover and mutation probability is proposed to formulate the air platform relay network planning scheme. The simulation results show that the crossover and mutation probabilities of the adaptive improved genetic algorithm change with the iteration of the algorithm, which improves the search ability of the algorithm and prevents it from falling into the local optimal solution.
Comparative analysis of the residues of granular support bath materials on printed structures in embedded extrusion printing
Authors: Zeng Jinfeng , Kasahara Nozomi , Xie Zhengtian , Louis Fiona , Kang Donghee , Dekishima Yasumasa , Kuwagaki Setsuka , Sakai Norihito , Matsusaki Michiya
Published: April 2023

Embedded extrusion printing facilitates the fabrication of complex biological structures using soft hydrogels that are challenging to construct using conventional manufacturing methods. While this targeting strategy is appealing, the residues of support materials on the printed objects have been overlooked. Here, we quantitatively compare the bath residues on fibrin gel fibers printed in granular gel baths that are conjugated with fluorescent probes for visualization, including physically crosslinked gellan gum (GG) and gelatin (GEL) baths and chemically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol baths. Notably, all support materials can be detected on a microscopic scale, even on structures without any visible residues. Quantitative results indicate that baths with smaller size or lower shear viscosity show more and deeper diffusion into the extruded inks, and the removal efficiency of support materials depends mainly on the dissolving property of the granular gel baths. The residual amount of chemically cross-linked support materials on fibrin gel fibers is 28–70 μg mm−2, which is tens of times higher than physically cross-linked GG (7.5 μg mm−2) and GEL (0.3 μg mm−2) baths. Meanwhile, cross-sectional images suggest that most gel particles are distributed around the fiber surface, but a small amount is in the fiber center. Such bath residues or the blank pores created by the removal of gel particles induce changes in product surface morphology, physicochemical and mechanical properties, impeding cell adhesion. This study will draw attention to the effects of residual support materials on printed structures and encourage the development of new strategies to diminish these residues or to take advantage of the residual support baths to improve product performances.
A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst
Authors: Chand Mool , Barthwal Swapnil , Rawat Arun Singh , Khanuja Manika , Rawat Seema
Published: April 2023

Semiconductor mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution for dye degradation and environmental remediation. Zinc Indium Sulfide (ZnIn2S4, ZIS) is a benign, eco-friendly, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, exhibiting excellent optoelectronic properties. In this work, we present a scalable, low temperature and template-free chemical aqueous solution method for the synthesis of ZIS. The obtained powder sample was used for a comparative dye degradation study of cationic (Malachite green) and anionic (Congo red) dye. The higher photocatalytic efficiency of ZIS is due to the higher BET surface area (55.042 m2 g−1) and low band gap (2.3 eV). Under Sunlight, almost 80 percent degradation occurs within 20 min of the experiment for both Malachite green (MG) and anionic Congo red (CR) dye, outperforming previously reported results. Scavenger studies were used to figure out the radicals involved in photocatalytic mechanics and to come up with viable photocatalytic degradation routes. The reusability and stability of ZIS were carried out up to the 5th cycles. Our result revealed that ZIS possesses high stability, reusability, and efficient potential to be an effective dye degradation photocatalyst.
Bright ‘nearby’ gamma-ray burst dazzles astronomers
Authors: Gater Will
Published: April 2023

Several Earth-orbiting space telescopes have spotted one of the brightest gamma-ray bursts ever detected.
‘Useless’ particle physicists
Authors: Wright Peter
Published: April 2023

A response to the Quanta article about a Twitter spat triggered by comments in the Guardian by Sabine Hossenfelder.
Between the frontier and the abyss
Authors: Chapman Emma
Published: April 2023

Emma Chapman reviews First Dawn: From the Big Bang to Our Future in Space by Roberto Battiston (translated by Bonnie McClellan-Broussard)
Yuichi, Nakamura
Authors: Akimoto Tatsuru
Published: April 2023

Yuichi Nakamura was a university professor who brought and held together the social welfare/social work field and community in Japan for over half a century between the 1950s and the 2010s. The foundation and framework of the present Japanese social welfare/work owe much to his theoretical, organizational, and practical contribution. He also functioned as a communicator and mediator between the mainstream social work in the world and the domestic social work in Japan.
Macromastia and Reduction Mammaplasty: Analysis of Outpatient Cost of Care and Opioid Consumption at 5 Years Postoperatively
Authors: Jabbari Kayvon , Gehring Michael B , Iorio Matthew L , Mathes David W , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos
Published: April 2023

Background

Macromastia is associated with increased opioid consumption, which could potentially be the initial exposure for patients with an opioid use disorder amid an escalating opioid crisis in the United States.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate outpatient cost of care and opioid consumption in patients with macromastia and compare those who underwent reduction mammaplasty vs those who did not have surgery.

Methods

PearlDiver, a database encompassing a national cohort of private payers with 153 million unique patients, was queried. The study cohort included patients diagnosed with macromastia who did or did not undergo reduction mammaplasty utilizing both ICD-9 and ICD-10 and CPT codes. Outpatient cost of care and morphine milligram equivalents (MME) were calculated up to 5 years postoperatively for both cohorts.

Results

At 1 to 3 years postoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference in outpatient cost of care between cohorts. At every follow-up thereafter, outpatient cost of care was higher among macromastia patients who did not undergo reduction mammaplasty, with cohort differences of US$240.68 and US$349.90 at 4 years and 5 years, respectively (P < .05). MME consumption was greater in patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty up to 30 days postoperatively (P < .01). Beyond that, there was no significant difference in MME consumption between cohorts. However, patients who did not undergo surgery had opioid consumption levels above 50 MME/day until 3 years after diagnosis of macromastia.

Conclusions

Patients with macromastia who undergo reduction mammaplasty have lower outpatient care costs than patients who do not undergo reduction mammaplasty, with safer long-term opioid consumption in alignment with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.
Complicated scarring following mpox infection
Authors: Bertin Chloé , Tarhini Hassan , Rahi Mayda , Deconinck Laurène , Perrineau Ségolène , Merlant Marie , Ghosn Jade , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan
Published: April 2023

We describe two patterns of complicated scarring following mpox lesions. The first was hypertrophic scarring of facial lesions in two patients and the second was a scarring folliculitis on peribuccal lesions in two patients. The combination of deep dermic inflammation, local superinfection and scratching may have led to these aesthetic complications.
Abl kinase-mediated FUS Tyr526 phosphorylation alters nucleocytoplasmic FUS localization in FTLD-FUS
Authors: Motaln Helena , Čerček Urša , Yamoah Alfred , Tripathi Priyanka , Aronica Eleonora , Goswami Anand , Rogelj Boris
Published: April 2023

Nuclear to cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of multiple RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including FUS, are the main neuropathological features of the majority of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobular degeneration (FTLD). In ALS-FUS, these aggregates arise from disease-associated mutations in FUS, whereas in FTLD-FUS, the cytoplasmic inclusions do not contain mutant FUS, suggesting different molecular mechanisms of FUS pathogenesis in FTLD that remain to be investigated.

We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the C-terminal Tyr526 of FUS results in increased cytoplasmic retention of FUS due to impaired binding to the nuclear import receptor TNPO1. Inspired by the above notions, in the current study we developed a novel antibody against the C-terminally phosphorylated Tyr526 FUS (FUSp-Y526) that is specifically capable of recognizing phosphorylated cytoplasmic FUS, which is poorly recognized by other commercially available FUS antibodies.

Using this FUSp-Y526 antibody, we demonstrated a FUS phosphorylation-specific effect on the cytoplasmic distribution of soluble and insoluble FUSp-Y526 in various cells and confirmed the involvement of the Src kinase family in Tyr526 FUS phosphorylation. In addition, we found that FUSp-Y526 expression pattern correlates with active pSrc/pAbl kinases in specific brain regions of mice, indicating preferential involvement of cAbl in the cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUSp-Y526 in cortical neurons. Finally, the pattern of immunoreactivity of active cAbl kinase and FUSp-Y526 revealed altered cytoplasmic distribution of FUSp-Y526 in cortical neurons of post-mortem frontal cortex tissue from FTLD patients compared with controls. The overlap of FUSp-Y526 and FUS signals was found preferentially in small diffuse inclusions and was absent in mature aggregates, suggesting possible involvement of FUSp-Y526 in the formation of early toxic FUS aggregates in the cytoplasm that are largely undetected by commercially available FUS antibodies.

Given the overlapping patterns of cAbl activity and FUSp-Y526 distribution in cortical neurons, and cAbl induced sequestration of FUSp-Y526 into G3BP1 positive granules in stressed cells, we propose that cAbl kinase is actively involved in mediating cytoplasmic mislocalization and promoting toxic aggregation of wild-type FUS in the brains of FTLD patients, as a novel putative underlying mechanism of FTLD-FUS pathophysiology and progression.
Polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells are associated with acute T-cell-mediated rejection of the kidney transplant
Authors: Litjens Nicolle H R , van der List Amy C J , Klepper Mariska , Prevoo Fréderique , Boer Karin , Hesselink Dennis A , Betjes Michiel G H
Published: April 2023

Acute T-cell-mediated rejection (aTCMR) still remains a clinical problem after kidney transplantation despite significant improvements in immunosuppressive regimens. Polyfunctional T cells, i.e. T cells producing multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, are believed to be the most relevant T cells in an immune response. The aim of this study was to determine whether polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells are associated with aTCMR. In a case–control study, 49 kidney transplant recipients with a biopsy-proven aTCMR in the first year after transplantation were included, as well as 51 controls without aTCMR. Circulating donor-reactive T cells were identified by the expression of CD137 after short-term co-culture with donor antigen-presenting cells. Polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells were further characterized by dissection into different T-cell subsets encompassing the spectrum of naïve to terminally differentiated effector T cells. Prior to kidney transplantation, proportions of donor-reactive CD4+ (0.03% versus 0.02%; P < 0.01) and CD8+ (0.18% versus 0.10%; P < 0.01) CD137++ T cells were significantly higher in recipients with a biopsy-proven aTCMR versus non-rejectors. Polyfunctionality was higher (P = 0.03) in this subset of CD137-expressing T cells. These cells were predominantly of the EM/EMRA-phenotype, with polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++CD4+ T cells predominantly co-expressing CD28 whereas approximately half of the polyfunctional CD137++CD8+ T cells co-expressed CD28. In addition, at the time of aTCMR, polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++ CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells, were specifically decreased by 75% compared to before transplantation in recipients with as well as those without an aTCMR. Prior to transplantation, the proportion of polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++ T cells is associated with the occurrence of a biopsy-proven aTCMR within the first year after transplantation.
Production in Urban Environments
Authors: Hochman Oded , Zax Ori
Published: April 2023

We analyze an urban economy with free entry of firms in which prices differ across locations. We show that in a competitive equilibrium, land rent is determined such that firms produce at constant returns to scale point—at minimum average costs. (JEL codes: R32 and R38)