bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplified sperm testing devices: a possible tool to overcome lack of accessibility and inconsistency in male factor infertility diagnosis. An opportunity for low- and middle- income countries.
Authors: Onofre J. , Geenen L. , Cox A. , Van der Auwera I. , Willendrup F. , Anderssen E. , Campo R. , Dhont N. , Ombelet W.
Published: March 2021

Background: Manual semen assessment (MSA) is a key component in a male’s fertility assessment. Clinicians rely on it to make diagnostic and treatment decisions. When performed manually, this routine laboratory test is prone to variability due to human intervention which can lead to misdiagnosis and consequently over- or under-treatment. For standardization, continuous training, quality control (QC) programs and pricy Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) systems have been proposed, yet, without resolving intra- and inter-laboratory variability. In response, promising simplified sperm testing devices, able to provide cost-effective point-of-care male infertility diagnosis are prospected as a plausible solution to resolve variability and increase access to sperm testing.
Materials and methods: A throughout literature research for semen testing, sperm analysis, smart-phone assisted semen analysis, ‘at-home’ semen testing, male infertility, infertility in developing countries, infertility in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and quantitative sperm analysis was performed. A total of 14 articles, specific to ‘at-home’ simplified sperm assessment, were included to treat the core subject.
Results: Continuous training and consistent QC, are sine qua none conditions to achieve accurate and comparable MSA. Compliance does not rule-out variability, nevertheless. Emerging simplified sperm assessment devices are an actual alternative to resolve lack of standardization and accessibility to sperm analysis. YO®, SEEM®, and ExSeed® are commercially available, user-friendly smartphone-based devices which can accurately measure volume, sperm concentration (millions/ml) and total motile sperm count. More broadly, by cost-effectiveness, availability, accuracy and convenient application, these devices could effectively sort patients for first-line artificial reproduction treatments such as intrauterine insemination.
Conclusions: Accuracy and cost-effectiveness make smart-phone based sperm testing devices a practical and realistic solution to overcome variability in MSA. Importantly, these tools represent an actual opportunity to standardize and affluence male subfertility diagnosis and treatment, especially in LMIC. However, before clinical application is possible, guidelines, further testing with special attention on accuracy in washed sperm, availability, cost-benefit and reliability are required.
Colonização, transformações do território e conflitos rurais em Barbosa Ferraz, PR, Brasil
Authors: Jorge Aline , Serra Elpídio
Published: March 2021

the current rural conflicts are the result of a historical process of deterritorialization and exclusion, intensified from the advance of capitalism over agriculture. Socio-territorial movements, such as the MST movement, challenge hegemonic power and contest the legality of capitalist property, mobilizing peasants to occupy lands that do not carry out their social function, transforming them into agrarian reform territories in Paraná. This paper, supported by field data and bibliographical references, aims to study the colonization, territorial transformations and rural conflicts, taking as reference the municipality of Barbosa Ferraz, in the Paraná State Midwestern mesoregion.
Considerações sobre o LiDAR na análise de instabilidade de vertentes
Authors: Martins Tiago D. , Oka-Fiori Chisato , Vieira Bianca Carvalho , Bateira Carlos
Published: March 2021

The digital models of landform representation allow several types of geomorphological analysis, such as assessing prone areas to the mass movement. Among the data set that applied to elaborate such models, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology has stood out due to its capacity to represent in detail terrain specific characteristics. This work aimed to present a variety of studies based on LiDAR to evaluate slope instability and to describe an interpolation test of LiDAR raw data to generate a Digital Terrain Model considering different interpolation approaches, in an area affected by shallow landslides. The results show that the tool applied is efficient when combined Triangulation to Natural Neighbor methods.
As imagens no Guia Floripa: uma análise da cidade real e da cidade representada
Authors: Rosa e Silva Marina Coelho , Chaves Ana Paula Nunes
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to broaden analytical horizons for the approach of contemporary images as producers of the geographical imaginaries about places. For this, we analyzed images of Florianópolis published in a tourism brochure called Floripa Guide. The research was the theoretical framework for visual culture scholars such as Gillian Rose, Verónica Hollman, and Gisele Girardi. From the analysis of the context of the images formed both by the physical support in which they are presented, as well as by the linguistic and visual surroundings that compose them. The analysis of the images demonstrated how the visual records bear a certain version of reality, which generates geographic imaginations about the represented city. The Floripa Guide presents the city of Florianópolis as a place of harmonious relations between the preservation of nature and progress, emphasizing coastal natural aspects and the promotion of quality of life.
Water Quality And Benthic Macroinvertebrates Of Tropical Forest Stream In South-West Region, Cameroon
Authors: MENBOHAN Samuel FOTO , NWAHA Mathias , BIRAM à NGON Eric Belmond , DZVI Jean , BOUDEM Rita Cecile , SOB NANGOU Paul Bertrand , NYAME MBIA Donald-l’or
Published: March 2021

A study was carried out in Ndongo stream, located in Buea, from May to October 2017, to assess the water quality and evaluate the structure of benthic macroinvertebrates. Physicochemical analysis showed that water from Ndongo was well oxygenated (82.21 ± 6.59 %), slightly acidic (pH=6.82 ± 0.22 UC) and alkaline with low quantities of nitrogen compound (2.9 ± 3.57 mg/L NO3+; 0.02 ± 0.02 mg/L NO2– and 0.89 ± 1.78 mg/L NH4+). Regarding the biology of macroinvertebrates, a total of 2058 individuals were collected and identified into 4 phyla, 5 classes, 11 orders, 32 families and belonging to 44 genera. The Shannon & Weaver and Pielou evenness reveal that the benthic macroinvertebrates were more diversified in upstream.
Toponyms Formed On The Basis Of Nation Names
Authors: Kilichev Bayramali Ergashovich , Qizi Safarova Maftuna Zoir
Published: March 2021

Ethnonyms are the sources that can demonstrate the history, way of life, national language, belief, cultural and spiritual life, worldview of each nation. To explore ethnonyms both gives information about the history of the nation and contains crucial linguistic information. The role of ethnonyms is important in order to comprehend the features of contemporary national language and express its linguistic possibilities. In Bukhara region there are a lot of toponyms that are appeared on the basis of ethnonyms. These ethnotoponyms show the life of people living in the area, cases of mixture with indigenous people and the region has had a long process of development. First of all, ethnotoponyms showcase the spread of Turkic tribes, geography of their areal stretch or the extension over the area. Furthermore, they express how other peoples and tribes appeared in the area of the region and their mixture with indigenous people. The following article draws some views about ethnotoponyms which are formed on the basis of nation names in Bukhara region and are used presently as names of a place among local people. Ethnotoponyms can be apparent as means that provide the existence of ethnic unity of the separate region.
Analysis Of The Factors Determining The Effectiveness Of Budget Policy
Authors: Sherov Anvar Umarovich
Published: March 2021

The article examines the scientific and theoretical basis of the forming budget policy. Elements of the validity and basics of budget policy have been identified and evaluated. Directions for the implementing budget policy are given. On the basis of the conducted research conclusions were formed.
The Impact of Behavioral Finance on Lebanese Investors’ Decision Making
Authors: Ghalayini Pr.Latifa , Alkees Sally Ziad
Published: March 2021

The inability of the traditional expected utility maximization of rational investors (within the efficient markets Framework) to explain many empirical patterns; was the main stimulus beyond the appearance for another track to resolve and analyze this inconsistency; through combining behavioral and cognitive psychological theory together where Behavioral Finance is known mainly as the irrational part that deals with investors’ Sentimental side. Furthermore it can be agreed on that behavioral finance is considered as “Subjective judgement” where ideas and decisions cannot be transmitted to other’s knowledge, as each one acts from his own point of interest; unlike conventional finance paradigm. Therefore, this paper seeks to determine the main behavioral errors or biases that are faced mainly by the Lebanese individual investor during decision making process. Results obtained by analyzing 211 questionnaires through SPSS software to develop a Structural equation model. Findings prove that Over Confidence and regret aversion are the main behavioral biases that control the Lebanese individual investors’ decision making.
A Way To Increase Student Activity In The Organization Of Lectures
Authors: Sotivoldievich Zokirjon Mahmudov
Published: March 2021

At the heart of the great work carried out in the field of education in our country is the important task of training highly qualified specialists in the national economy, educated in accordance with modern requirements. Solving this problem requires a number of important tasks for university professors. The organizers of this task are to educate students on the basis of modern pedagogical technologies, to form the ideological immunity of young people, to ensure the formation of a harmonious and mature person. Special attention should be paid to these aspects, especially in the training of engineers who are planned to work in the leading plants of the country after graduation. Therefore, increasing the effectiveness of training future engineers in all aspects is an urgent task today.
Usefulness of E-module Based on Experiential Learning in Physics Learning
Authors: Fadieny Nurul , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Education is defined as a process using certain methods to produce knowledge. The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has an impact on education, namely learning is influenced by technology. Generations that are influenced by technological developments are called digital natives. Digital native characteristics have an influence on the learning of students, where technology cannot be separated from their lives. So that we need teaching materials that can facilitate the learning characteristics of the digital native generation, namely teaching materials based interactive multimedia, such as e-modules. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness level of e-module based on experiential learning in physics learning. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). The method used is descriptive method with data collection instruments, namely the e-module usefulness questionnaire assessed by the teacher. The results showed that experiential learning-based e-modules were very useful in learning physics.
A Review Of The Relationship Of Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, And Individual Consideration With Sustainable Employees Performance
Authors: Ul Hosna Asma , Islam Sunan , Hamid Mahmud
Published: March 2021

Organizations sustainability largely depends on employees performance. Organizations usually implement the more intense work system to gain their appropriate growth. But employees performance needs to sustain for the long term growth. This review study intending to identify how the individual component of Transformational leadership able to sustain employees performance. This is a review paper in nature, so this paper reviewed previous studies and identified the relationship of Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individual Consideration with Sustainable Employees Performance. Based on the discussion this study has future direction for researchers to study further.
Compliment As One Of The Forms Of Phatic Communication
Authors: Nizomiddinovna Khamroeva Nafisa
Published: March 2021

Today, thanks to the development of pragmalinguistics, interest in the study of speech genres is growing. The term “phatic”, introduced into science by Bronislav Malinovsky, also attracts the attention of linguists as a form of speech. Fatika is a short conversation on a topic that is not directly related to the transmission of information (data) related to the purpose of communication, a type of verbal communication that serves only to maintain verbal communication between interlocutors. A compliment, which is a form of fatal communication, is also considered a separate communicative level of speech etiquette. This article focuses on fatal communication issues and its functions, compliments reflecting the content of sincere praise and respect, and its impact on the conversation process.
Experimental Test Of Effectiveness Of Electric Courses In Higher Education
Authors: R.Kh. Kadirov , R.S Shukurov
Published: March 2021

The article examines the experience of higher education institutions in the transition to distance learning, the widespread implementation of electronic science and special e-courses in the context of modernization of modern education. Based on the modified Xi square table and formula, the empirical value of the three-category questionnaire answers consisting of four options was calculated. The effectiveness of the study was tested on the basis of the dynamic changes in the attitude of students of the "Elective Course" to the culture of healthy living, specially organized in the field of physical culture education Turan wrestling and its teaching methods.
Relationship between Work Capacity, Work Motivation and Opportunity to Participate in The Discretionary Behavior of Private Islamic Higher Education Lecturers in Lampung Province
Authors: Utama Esen Pramudya , Syukri Ahmad , Risnita Risnita
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between work capacity, work motivation and the opportunity to participate, either partially or simultaneously, with the discretionary behavior of private Islamic higher education lecturers. This research is a quantitative survey study conducted at private Islamic universities in the province of Lampung. Population of 145 persons and samples using total sampling. Hypothesis testing uses the Pearson product moment correlation technique analysis and multiple regression, with a significance level of 5 per cent alpha (α = 0.05). This study resulted in four findings: 1) the work capacity variable has a relationship with the discretionary behavior of the lecturer; 2) the work motivation variable has a relationship with the discretionary behavior of the lecturer; 3) the opportunity to participate in the variable has a relationship with the discretionary behavior of the lecturer; 4) at the same time, work capacity, work motivation and opportunity.
The Application of E-learning in English Teaching at Dong Nai Technology University
Authors: Cam Lien
Published: March 2021

Many colleges and universities in Vietnam have employed e-learning platforms in teaching English with the hope to better students’ English proficiency. Recently, e-learning programs such as DNTU-LMS and Canvas have been implemented at Dong Nai Technology University. With their features of flexibility and efficiency, they have been being used as crucial tools for teaching and learning in various faculties in the university especially during the widespread of Covid-19 pandemic. The present study aimed at identifying the views of the EFL learners from Faculty of Foreign Languages on the application of e-learning platform. A group of 100 EFL students was chosen randomly to participate in this study. Data was collected using questionnaire. After analyzing student’s responses, the results proved that the introduction of e-learning was effective. E-learning also stimulates students to learn English and brings them comfort and joy.
Trinitas dalam Konsep Sang Logos Bersama Sang Theos Menurut Yohanes 1:1
Authors: Untoro Tri
Published: March 2021

Trinity or often also so called the Trinity is a discussion of theology that continues to cause dynamics. Various accusations and theological attacks have come about this understanding of the Trinity. This article is a qualitative study of literature using the method of text analysis in John 1: 1. By using the word study approach to the words logos and theos in John 1: 1, an understanding is obtained that the two concepts refer to two distinct, but one-person, or different existences. Thus the concept in John 1: 1 refers to the existence of a trinity of God.

Abstract

Trinitas atau sering juga disebut tritunggal adalah bahasan teologi yang terus menimbulkan dinamika. Berbagai tudingan dan serangan teologi datang terkait pemahaman Allah Trinitas ini. Artikel ini merupakan kajian kualitatif literatur dengaan menggunakan metode analisis teks pada Yohanes 1:1. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kata pada kata logos dan theos dalam Yohanes 1:1 tersebut maka diperoleh pengertian bahwa kedua konsep itu menunjuk pada dua pribadi atau eksistensi yang berbeda namun sehakikat. Dengan demikian konsep tersebut dalam Yohanes 1:1 menunjuk pada keberadaan Allah trinitas.
Mengajarkan Konsep Trinitas sebagai Pembekalan Apologetis Jemaat di Era Disruptif
Authors: Tatulus Fekky Daniel Yermia
Published: March 2021

The subject of the Trinity in the Christian faith is often the subject of questions from other religious groups that are posted to the congregation. The concept of the Trinity is not easy to understand, but the church must strive to teach the congregation so that they can become apologetic in this disruptive era. The method used in this study is descriptive and phenomenological analysis, giving an overview of the situation in the disruptive era and its effect on the lives of believers. The conclusion of this study is that the pastor as a leader has the responsibility to teach the subject of the Trinity through weekly sermons.

Abstrak

Pokok Trinitas dalam iman Kristen sering menjadi bahan pertanyaan dari kelompok agama lain yang dilayangkan kepada jemaat. Konsep Trinitas memang tidak mudah dipahami namun gereja tetap harus berusaha untuk mengajarkan kepada jemaat agar dapat menjadi bekal apologetis di era disruptif ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif dan analisis fenomenologis, memberikan gambaran tentang situasi di era disruptif dan efeknye terhadap hidup orang percaya. Kesimpulan dari kajian ini adalah, gembala sidang sebagai pemimpin memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mengajarkan pokok Trinitas melalui khotbah mingguan.
Penguatan Resiliensi Remaja Bermasalah melalui Pengembangan Materi Modul Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Simorangkir Jungjungan , Lubis Bernad , Nababan Marina Letara , Simamora May Rauli , Agustina Winarti
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop guidance and counseling module material to strengthen the resilience of problem adolescents. The study was conducted at High Schools (SMA) throughout Tarutung District. The research method used is the ADDIE Research and Development model. Preliminary observations show that adolescents in Tarutung sub-district still have low resilience levels. There are 19 teenagers who are confused about whether they like challenges and only 3 teenagers who don't like challenges. This is intended to measure a person's strength when experiencing life's challenges with all his difficulties. In fact, there are 2 teenagers who answered that they would not rise again after being confronted with illness, injury, or other misfortunes. Some teenagers also do not have a good relationship with their families. But all teenagers have the belief that God is able to help them in dealing with existing problems. This module material contains religious values and pays attention to the task of adolescent development. The results of the module validation conducted by 10 material experts concluded that the module is very feasible to be applied by adolescents.

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini mengembangkan materi modul bimbingan dan konseling untuk memberi penguatan resiliensi pada remaja bermasalah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) se-Kecamatan Tarutung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development model ADDIE. Observasi awal menunjukkan bahwa remaja di Kecamatan Tarutung masih memiliki tingkat resiliensi rendah. Terdapat 19 remaja kebingungan apakah menyukai tantangan dan hanya 3 remaja yang tidak menyukai tantangan. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengukur kekuatan seseorang ketika mengalami tantangan-tantangan hidup dengan segala kesulitannya. Bahkan terdapat 2 remaja yang menjawab tidak akan bangkit kembali setelah diperhadapkan dengan sakit penyakit, cidera atau kemalangan-kemalangan lainnya. Beberapa remaja juga tidak memiliki hubungan yang baik dengan keluarganya. Namun seluruh remaja memilliki keyakinan bahwa Tuhanlah yang dapat menolong mereka dalam menghadapi permasalahan yang ada. Materi modul ini mengandung nilai-nilai religius dan memperhatikan tugas perkembangan remaja. Hasil validasi modul yang dilakukan oleh 10 ahli materi menyimpulkan bahwa modul sangat layak untuk diterapkan oleh remaja.
Model Pembelajaran Berpusat pada Kristus untuk Transformasi Bangsa: Studi Deskriptif di Sekolah Cahaya Cemerlang
Authors: Mulia Syanti D.
Published: March 2021

Christian education in Indonesia has not fully taken the role of educating the young generation to know God's will, changing its paradigm, and pursuing change, personal, group, and national reform. Sekolah Cahaya Cemerlang (SCC) is a Christian educational institution that was built in order to take on a role and fulfill its vocation, with the aim of raising the next generation of leaders who bring transformation to the Indonesian nation. The research focus in this qualitative descriptive study is to describe a Christ-centred learning model at SCC in terms of policy principles, objectives, curriculum, and learning methods, involving 19 teachers,155 students, and their families. Some of the new findings from the principles of the learning process at SCC are the use of the Bible Based curriculum, the principle of partnership with families and communities, training places for young missionaries, and SCC as a learning and knowledge-sharing community. The new findings are also a holistic approach with a spiritual foundation and teachers as shepherds according to the Jesus learning model and curriculum content based on God's Word. The 'Second Home School', Bloom's Spirit-led Taxonomy, the development of the Social Domain with individual learning, and group and community involvement, form the basis for the development of learning methods at SCC. Reflexive and Transformative Learning Methods for pedagogy are also developed for the purpose of social transformation, achieving a greater Indonesia.AbstrakPendidikan Kristen di Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mengambil peran untuk mendidik generasi muda mengenal kehendak Allah, berubah paradigmanya, dan mengupayakan perubahan, refor-masi pribadi, kelompok, dan bangsa. Sekolah Cahaya Cemerlang (SCC) adalah institusi pendi-dikan Kristen yang dibangun dalam rangka mengambil peran dan memenuhi panggilannya, bertujuan membangkitkan pemimpin generasi penerus bangsa yang membawa transformasi bagi bangsa Indonesia. Fokus penelitian dalam studi deskriptif kualitatif ini adalah menggam-barkan model pembelajaran berpusat pada Kristus di SCC dari segi prinsip kebijakan, tujuan, kurikulum dan metode pembelajaran, yang melibatkan 19 guru, 155 murid beserta keluarganya. Beberapa temuan baru dari prinsip proses pembelajaran di SCC adalah penggunaan kurikulum Bible Based, prinsip kemitraan dengan keluarga dan masya-rakat, tempat pelatihan misionaris muda, dan SCC sebagai learning and sharing knowledge community. Temuan baru dalam kuri-kulum dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan holistik dengan dasar spiritual dan guru sebagai gembala sesuai model pembelajaran Yesus serta konten kurikulum berbasiskan Firman Tuhan.  “Sekolah rumah kedua”, Spirit-led Taksonomi Bloom, pengembangan Ranah Sosial dengan pem-belajaran individual, dan kelompok dan keterlibatan masyarakat, menjadi dasar pengembangan metode pembelajaran di SCC. Metode Pembelajaran Refleksif dan Transformatif untuk pedagogi juga dikembangkan da-lam tujuan transformasi sosial, mencapai Indonesia Maju.
THE IMPOR THE IMPORTANCE OF USING THE KEY ANCE OF USING THE KEYS-STADI INNO ADI INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOL AL TECHNOLOGY METHOD IN TRAINING THE IM THOD IN TRAINING THE IMAGE MODULE OF GEOMETRIC SHAPES
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mamurova Dilfuza Islomovna , Ibatova Nigora Istamovna , Badieva Dildora Marufovna
Published: March 2021

This article describes the basics of fine art, so that future architects will be able to master this science, understand geometric shapes, be able to visualize them, learn how to draw still lives and visualize the composition of their compositions. It is important to conduct a specialty. This subject expresses the importance of using case study technology
Experiência da Unimed Recife no tratamento de 1.039 pacientes com Covid-19
Authors: Valença Marcelo Moraes , Fonseca Martha Maria Romeiro Figueiroa F. , Branco Cátia Arcuri , Santos Alex Maurício Garcia , Oliveira Antonio , Araújo Ana Carolina Chiappetta Correia de , Cruz Fernando
Published: March 2021

Objetivo Descrever dados relacionados com pacientes com Covid-19 internados nos hospitais da Unimed Recife, avaliando dados demográficos, letalidade, uso de ventilador mecânico, presença de doenças associadas, uso da UTI, entre outros aspectos relacionados com o prognóstico desses pacientes.Método Os dados foram coletados na plataforma de gestão em saúde DRG Brasil, incluindo o período desde 26 de março de 2020, quando o primeiro paciente com Covid-19 foi internado no Hospital da Unimed III, até o dia 31 de janeiro de 2021. Todos os pacientes que foram internados em um dos três hospitais da Unimed Recife – Hospital Unimed I, Hospital Unimed III e Hospital Geral Unimed Recife (HGMI) – entraram no estudo. Nesse mesmo período avaliamos o número de pacientes com Covid-19 ou suspeita de Covid-19 que foram atendidos na emergência do Hospital Unimed Recife III.Resultados Foram atendidos 126,553 pacientes na Unidade de Emergência do Hospital Unimed Recife III no período entre 26 de março de 2020 e 31 de janeiro de 2021, desses pacientes atendidos na emergência 39,340 (31,09%) pacientes foram diagnosticados com tendo Covid-19 ou suspeita de Covid-19. No período de 10 meses foram internados 1.039 pacientes com Covid-19, 61% com hipertensão, 31,1% com SARS, 30,0% com diabete melito e 9,9% eram obesos. A média de permanência no hospital foi de 11,2 dias. Foram internados na UTI 342/1.039 (32,9%) pacientes e 57,9% deles utilizaram ventilação mecânica. A letalidade geral foi de 13,76% (143 mortes/1.039). Houve um aumento na letalidade por Covid-19 com o aumento da idade. A letalidade no primeiro período da pandemia por Covid-19 foi significativamente maior quando comparado com os últimos meses da pandemia (17,6% versus 9,7%, p<0,001). Obesidade aumentou significativamente a letalidade nos pacientes com Covid-19[120 mortes/1.016 pacientes não obesos (11,8%) versus 23 mortes/103 pacientes obesos (22,3%), OR 2,15 (1,30 – 3,50), p=0,005)].Conclusão Concluímos que a Covid-19 é uma doença com prognóstico pior nos pacientes idosos e com obesidade. Na segunda fase da pandemia por Covid-19 percebemos uma queda significativa na letalidade por Covid-19 nos pacientes internados. Covid-19 é uma doença nova, ainda pouco conhecida, e nos primeiros meses da pandemia não se entendia muito bem sobreos mecanismos pelos quais o vírus se multiplicava nem como o processo fisiopatológico ocorria no organismo infectado.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PREMARITAL GENOTYPE SCREENING AMONG WOMEN OF CHILD-BEARING AGE IN KUMO AKKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE
Authors: Agofure O. , Danzaria M. A.
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of sickle cell anaemia has been shown to be on the increase in Nigeria. Therefore, preventive measures such as premarital genotype screening have been proposed as one of the ways of reducing the scourge of the disease. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of women of child bearing age in Kuma Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State towards premarital genotype screening. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 296 respondents were sampled through simple random sampling technique and the collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Majority of the respondents 200(71.40%) were between the ages of 15-34 years old and 64(22.90%) of the respondents affirmed that they had a family history of sickle cell disease. In addition, 58.60% of the respondents demonstrated poor knowledge of premarital genotype screening while 57.10% exhibited negative perception towards premarital genotype screening and 63.20% exhibited poor attitude towards premarital genotype screening. There was a significant relationship between respondents with family history of sickle cell anaemia and their knowledge of premarital genotype screening. The study therefore recommends that efforts should be intensified by the governments and health workers in primary, secondary and tertiary level of healthcare deliveries, to raise awareness on the importance of premarital genotype screening in order to reduce the prevalence of Sickle cell anaemia in the locality.

Agofure, O. | Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria.
IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF KEY POLITICAL RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF MULTINATIONAL CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN NORTH-EASTERN, NIGERIA
Authors: Adebiyi O. J. , Sanni A. G.
Published: March 2021

Multinational construction companies settled in African countries, especially Nigeria, to compete for infrastructural projects, in a bid to extend their services across their borders. The trans-border extension of the services offered by these multinationals exposes them to the political risk factors pertinent within the host-country. In order to survive the harsh realities of the political risk indicators operational in Nigeria, especially the North-eastern part of the country that has been plagued with civil unrest associated with the terrorist operations of Boko haram, it has become necessary to identify and manage these risk factors, to ensure the continuous survival of international construction companies in Nigeria. This paper seeks to identify and assess the prevalence of political risk factors influencing the corporate performance of international companies operating in the North-east of Nigeria. Data for the study was collected through structured questionnaires administered to 78 expatriate project managers from 6 international construction companies in 6 states in the North East of Nigeria. Collected data was analyzed using relative importance index and factor analysis. Findings revealed that terrorism, corruption, insurrections, sabotages and kidnapping were the top five risk factors with the highest frequency of occurrence. It was also revealed that terrorism, kidnappings, sabotages, corruption and change in government are the risk factors with the highest impact on operations in the region. It is therefore recommended that the federal, state and local governments should provide security for the lives, properties and investments in the region, companies should do more corporate social responsibilities and purchase political risk insurance cover to minimize their losses.

Adebiyi, O. J. | Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Benin (UNIBEN), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND EDUCATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Badri A. K. , Badri P. K.
Published: March 2021

Developments and rapid changes in the international community, moving from traditional society to the information society, as well as changing the national economy to the global economy, require different solutions to enable economic growth and development in society. In fact, entrepreneurship, which is the concept of the discovery and exploitation of opportunities for value creation in the various sectors, is the basis for an all-round development. For this reason, to develop the countries pay special attention to the entrepreneurship is very important. So, this study is trying to investigate the effects of entrepreneurship and education on economic growth in 25 selected countries using the panel-data method in the period of 2001 to 2015. The results show that entrepreneurship and education have positive effects on economic growth, so that by increasing one percent of each variable, respectively, economic growth will increase by 0.41 and 0.21 percent.

Badri, A. K. | Department of Economics, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Abubakar A.
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of financial leverage on the financial performance, using secondary data obtained from the annual reports of 7 quoted Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria, and the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) daily official lists over the period 2005- 2016. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis were used in data presentation, while random effects panel estimator is applied in determining the effect of financial leverage variables as short-term debt ratio (STDR), long-term debt ratio (LTDR) and total-debt equity ratio (TDER) on the financial performance measured by the return on equity (ROE). The regression results from the random effects model (REM), the best panel estimator in this study as revealed by the F-test and the Hausman test for best model selection, indicate that STDR and LTDR have no significant effect on the financial performance, and TDER has a negative significant effect on the financial performance denoted by ROE. The study concludes that higher financial leverage in the capital structure of quoted Oil & Gas firms in Nigeria deteriorates shareholders wealth measured by ROE. The study recommends that firms in the Oil & Gas sector should substitute at least 90 per cent of debt in the capital structure with equity, through bonus issue, right issue and higher proportion of retained earnings in the capital structure.

Abubakar, A. | Department of Business Management, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
RESIDUAL RISKS OF PAYMENT PROVISIONS IN FIDIC AND JCT CONDITIONS: A QUANTITY SURVEYOR’S VIEW
Authors: Sanni A. G. , Adebiyi O. J. , Okorie N. V.
Published: March 2021

The obligee and obligor of all cost-related commitments in construction contracts are governed by the conditions of contract. Like in all human engagements, risk is inevitable in construction contracts. This exploratory overview examined residual risks associated with payment provisions in Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Consiels (FIDIC) and Joint Contracts Tribunal (JCT) conditions of contract in Nigerian construction industry. The selected payment provisions were advance payment, interim valuation, retention and final payment. The methodology comprises: (i) critical examination of payment provisions, (ii) scenario building of problem situations, (iii) assessing the sensitivity of the provisions to contractual conflict, and (iv) evaluating the effect on construction cost administration. Disbursement and amortization of Advance payment in FIDIC are more secured than JCT.  Interim valuation in FIDIC allows the contractor to make claims for delayed issuance of interim certificate but FIDIC does not give the contractor such right because all application for payments must be made by the contractor to the engineer. It would take a contractor in FIDIC-based contract a longer time for maturity of final payment than in JCT-based contract. It is recommended that a contractor in FIDIC-based contract should get retention bond in lieu of deduction of retention money to enhance its liquidity.

Sanni, A. G. | Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Benin (UNIBEN), Benin City, Nigeria.
KONTEKSTUALISASI KONSEP JODOH, SAKINAH, MAWADAH, WARAHMAH DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Rahman Fawait Syaiful
Published: March 2021

Abstract Islam limits the pattern of interaction between men and women outside of marriage so that their respective honor can be maintained. In humans, there is a tendency of animal tendencies that have the potential to lead to prohibited cases (mungkarat or muharramat). Islam also regulates the provisions if a man and woman want a halal relationship as well as a reward value in the framework of marriage. An ideal marriage is generally defined as a marriage that is the result of one's own choice without any outside intervention, the two partners are never heard of fighting and arguing, and a married couple is supported by an established economy, such family conditions are considered ideal families. After several weeks or more, the news was heard that the husband and wife were divorced, even though at the beginning of the marriage they had received a prayer "hopefully they will become a sakinah family, mawadah, wa-rahmah and mate in the hereafter" could not prevent the intention to separate. The research method in this article uses a qualitative literature approach. The conclusion from the study and analysis of the text of the verses of the Qur'an regarding the concept of mate and the concepts of sakinah, mawadah, warahmah in the Koran is mentioned differently by Allah SWT. The concept of mate is said to use Arabic khalaqah, and the concepts of sakinah, mawadah, warahmah are spoken in Arabic ja'ala. The consequence of disclosing the concept of a mate using lafadz khlaqah means that something is the personal right of Allah SWT and humans do not have the effort to intervene, while the disclosure of the concepts of sakinah, mawadah, warahmah uses lafadz ja'ala, this means that human intervention is needed in building a family that is ideal.
MEMBEDAH ANATOMI FIQH SIYASAH DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TENTANG PRESIDENTIAL THRESHOLD
Authors: Mubarok Muhamad Sofi
Published: March 2021

The Constitutional Court sets presidential threshold as an open legal policy or open law policy for legislators. In other words, presidential threshold as stipulated in Act Number 7 of 2017 on General Elections, especially in the article 222, does not contradict to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 and its accordance with efforts to maintain government stability. Although this decision left two constitutional judges dissenting opinion since it was issued, the decision is relevant to the fiqh siya>sah construct concerning the need to maintain government stability through determining sufficient conditions in the selection process for the head of state. Borrowing Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, the decision is in accordance to the fiqh siya>sah dictum for two reasons. First, there is a religious dogma which states that a head of state must come from the strongest clan through prophet tradition (al-hadis) states, al-aimmatu min-quraysyin. Second, in the fiqh siya>sah tradition, any policy can be formulated as long as the benefit of the people can be achieved. The stipulation of strict prerequisites is not intended to obstruct the right of a mukallaf to be elected as head of state, but aims to achieve other interests that are greater and benefit society, in the form of advocating for the rights of the state, ensuring a sense of security, and the realization of religious values in social life.
One-pot multicomponent synthesis of highly substituted pyridines using hydrotalcite as a solid base and reusable catalyst
Authors: Kale Sandip R. , Surve Santosh Kumar
Published: March 2021

One-pot synthesis of highly substituted pyridines has been demonstrated via multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile and thiophenol using Mg-Al hydrotalcite as a solid base and reusable catalyst. The catalytic activity is intimately connected to the basicity of the catalyst. The best activities were observed with the Mg/Al: 5 catalyst. The catalyst could be reused for further run without a significant loss in activity. The protocol was also applicable for various aromatic aldehydes which affords desired product in good to excellent yield.
Synthesis of novel ketene dithioacetals via one pot reaction: Molecular modelling in-silico Admet studies and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Pasha Mohammad Arif , Mondal Sumanta , Panigrahi Naresh
Published: March 2021

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of fifteen novel ketene dithioacetals (2-(6-amino5-cyano-4-aryl-4H-1,3-dithiin-2-ylidene) malononitrile) via a one-pot three-component reaction of activated methylene group malononitrile with carbon disulfide in the presence of arylidene malononitriles were reported. The effects of LiOH.H2O as a base at different concentrations have been investigated and can provide products in good yields at 40-50ºC temperature (54-89%). All the synthesized ketene dithioacetals compounds (MCB1-MCB15) were checked for favorable pharmacokinetic param¬eters along with toxicities which are based on drug-likeness explained by Lipinski’s rule of five by Med chem designer software correlated with that of pkCSM online tool. Explorations of synthesized ketene dithioacetals compounds for the antimicrobial study were found to be effective towards Staphylococcus aureus (MCB5 and MCB13) with a zone of inhibition at 26mm and 22mm which is compared to that of standard ciprofloxacin (26mm). This made our study to explore the inhibition mechanism with the help of molecular docking studies with possible binding energies (-6.4 to -8.9 kJ/mol) by pyrx 0.8 software to represent a good prediction of interactions between the ligand and protein (2XCT). Further evaluation of druggability and ADMET predictions compounds MCB5 and MCB13 were found to be effective. Based on the in-vitro and in-silico studies a series of ketene dithioacetals compounds may be helpful for further studying SAR and designing more potent antimicrobials.
A comparative study of metal-catalyzed three-component synthesis of α-aminophosphonates
Authors: Abdeen Marwa M. , Hamed Mohamed A. , Aleem Abdel Aleem Hassan Abdel , Nassar Ibrahim F. , El-Sayed Ibrahim E.T.
Published: March 2021

Different metal catalysts have been tested for the one-pot transformation of carbonyl compounds, amines and phosphites to α-aminophosphonates. The influence of catalyst type, amount, solvent and the substrate electronic factor have been investigated. The results revealed that the carbonyl compounds could be smoothly converted into α-aminophosphonates at room temperature in good to excellent yields, with or without solvent in a reasonable reaction time. These results suggested that among others, lithium perchlorate and metal triflates were proven to be effective catalysts in 10 moles % catalysts. Polar aprotic solvents proved to be the best for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates. The synthesized compounds' structure characterizations were elucidated by different spectroscopic tools and showed results consistent with the expected structures.
Synthesis of bio-based poly limonene oxide with green catalyst
Authors: Bendiabdallah Chahrazed , Reguieg Fatiha , Belbachir Mohammed
Published: March 2021

In the present work, the polymerization of limonene oxide (LO) catalyzed by Maghnite H+ (Mag- H+) is investigated. Mag-H+ is Algerian montmorillonite sheet silicate clay exchanged with protons. The poly limonene oxide (PLO) is obtained by cationic ring opening polymerization in bulk and with solvent. The effect of the reaction time, the temperature and the amount of catalyst are studied and discussed in order to find the optimal reactions conditions. The polymerization in solution at 0 °C with 5% by weight of catalyst leads to the best yield 61.34% for a reaction time of 1h. The structure of the obtained products is characterized by XRD, 1H-NMR, 13C-RMN, ATR-FTIR, DSC and TGA.
Synthesis, molecular docking studies, and antimicrobial evaluation of pyrano[2, 3-c]pyrazole derivatives
Authors: El-Assaly Samy A. , Ismail Abd El-Hamid A. , Bary Hamed Abdel , Abouelenein Mohamed G.
Published: March 2021

A sequence of pyrano[2, 3-c]pyrazoles was constructed through promoting an eco-friendly, green, and efficient approach. M1-M25 derivatives were developed by a base-catalyzed one-pot reaction involving application of hydrazine hydrate 96%, β-keto ester as ethyl acetoacetate or diethyl malonate, aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde or isatin, and enolizable active methylene compounds with isolation of unexpected compound M2. Further on, intramolecular cyclization of compounds M10, M13 with formic acid, acetic anhydride, and formamide leads to the corresponding pyrimidine derivatives M26-M31. Afterwards, the antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated and fortunately, the vast majority of the compounds showed outstanding anti-bacterial results. Besides, the potential mode of action of the synthesized compounds was determined by employing a molecular-docking study against penicillin-binding protein implicated in anti-bacterial action. Compound M21 was one of the most promising anti-bacterial agents with potential binding affinity against the penicillin-binding protein. This study shed light on novel compounds for further antimicrobial drug development.
PREDIÇÃO DO RISCO DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS QUE VIVEM NO DOMICILIO
Authors: Espinoza Zoila Esperanza Leitón , Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani , Lima Fabia Maria de , Neira Wilmer Luis Fuentes , Benites Maritza Evangelina Villanueva
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A queda é uma causa comum de morbimortalidade em idosos. Apresenta uma prevalência de 20-30% sendo importante a identificação dos diferentes fatores de risco na avaliação pelo profissional de saúde. Objetivo: determinar a predição do risco de quedas no idoso que vive no domicilio. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 1110 idosos do município de La Libertad, Peru. Avaliou-se o estado cognitivo, sintomas depressivos, capacidade funcional, quedas nos últimos 12 meses, doenças autorreferidas, número de medicamentos, equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Construiu-se modelos de regressão logística em camada. As probabilidades previstas de alguma queda ou queda recorrente foram usadas para construir curvas ROC. As AUC foram calculadas para avaliar o desempenho preditivo de cada modelo com p<0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética da Universidade de Trujillo. Resultados: dos que sofreram queda houve predomínio do sexo feminino, idosos mais jovens, tinham companheiro e viviam sozinhos. Ademais, não tinham déficit cognitivo, dependência funcional, com sintomas depressivos e com alteração do equilíbrio dinâmico. Dos modelos em camadas, o melhor modelo foi o quarto, em que aqueles que sofreram alguma queda os fatore preditivos foram ser mulher, viver só, maior número de doenças e consumo de medicamentos, e dependência funcional. Os fatores preditivos para quedas recorrentes foram viver só, maior consumo de medicamentos e dependência para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Conclusão: os achados demonstram que fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos tem que ser avaliados constantemente pelo enfermeiro com a finalidade de diminuir os riscos de sofrer queda.