bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality function deployment for designing a basic statistics course
Authors: Duffuaa Salih O. , Al‐Turki Umar M. , Hawsawi Faisel M.
Published: July 2003

The quality of academic programs is drastically affected by the design of the courses within the program. The design and delivery of courses are the most essential elements for building quality in academic programs. The purpose of this paper is to customize the techniques of quality function deployment (QFD) for designing courses and demonstrate its use in the design of a basic statistics course in the Department of Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. In this study, organizations from industry are used as external customers. Faculty members and students are utilized as internal customers to identify the course technical requirements. Then QFD process planning matrices are used for developing several alternative course design concepts. Then based on a simple decision criterion the design concept that closely meets customer requirements is identified. The result of the analysis is a balanced basic statistics course.
Business education: a strategic market‐oriented focus
Authors: Gill A. , Lashine S.
Published: July 2003

In today’s global business environment, it is not a viable economic alternative for a nation or an economy to be isolated from the rest of the world. There are many challenges that every nation (especially a developing nation) faces. Are our potential graduates from the educational systems capable enough of facing these challenges? Is business education capable of preparing future managers to face these challenges? This paper investigates the characteristics of a contemporary business education, analyses the challenges posed by global market trends, and proposes learning strategies that meet market requirements.
An alternative method to measure MIS faculty teaching performance
Authors: Simon Judith C. , Soliman Khalid S.
Published: July 2003

Teaching effectiveness at higher education institutions has captured the public attention for at least three decades. The majority of higher education institutions have investigated the relationships between teaching effectiveness and research productivity by measuring teaching effectiveness using students’ evaluations. However, research has indicated that student evaluations are not a reliable measure of performance. This paper introduces an alternative approach to measuring a professor’s performance using student evaluations in the field of information systems. This method measures the significant differences in students’ perceptions with respect to information technology and computers in business, the knowledge gained after taking a particular course, and the effect of the course professor on students’ perceptions. An empirical study involving 328 students at a major university was conducted. Results of the study highlight the contributions of this method in better assessing teaching performance in the area of information systems.
A case study of the implications of faculty workload and compensation for improving academic quality
Authors: Comm Clare L. , Mathaisel Dennis F.X.
Published: July 2003

The job satisfaction of employees is just as important as customer satisfaction in terms of organizational performance. In this paper, employee satisfaction is evaluated in a unique service environment: higher education. This case study specifically focuses on how information regarding faculty workload, salary, and benefits can be used to improve academic quality. The preliminary research was conducted via a questionnaire distributed to 182 faculty members at a small private college. The response rate was 67 per cent. One major finding is that most of the faculty surveyed do not believe they are fairly compensated, nor do they feel they are getting institutional recognition for their contributions. As a result, half of the faculty in this survey sought professional income outside the college. Hence, the issue of their commitment to the university, and academic quality, arises.
The influence of family on Thai students’ choices of international education
Authors: Pimpa Nattavud
Published: July 2003

International students are key protagonists in the Australian educational system. Although much research has been conducted to better understand various aspects related to factors affecting their choices of international education, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the influence of personal sources. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches to clarify this research problem. The qualitative phase identifies the influence from the Thai family into five categories: finance, information, expectation, persuasion, and competition. The quantitative phase examines the influence of five factors on five choices of international education. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the marketing of international education to Thailand.
Distribution of funds for special needs education
Authors: Fletcher‐Campbell Felicity , Jan Pijl Sip , Meijer Cor , Dyson Alan , Parrish Tom
Published: July 2003

The international literature on the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs has been wide‐ranging, focusing mainly on curriculum and assessment, and social inclusion. The issue of funding has been mainly confined to discussions about the size of budget needed to support the resource needs of inclusion (e.g. the costs of additional teachers, support assistants or transport). Less attention has been given to the actual structure of the budget for special education. There has been greater interest in the strategic management of budgets and in the interaction of funding mechanisms at the national, local and institutional levels. This article discusses the effect of resourcing mechanisms for special education and draws on a study across Europe, and other studies based in The Netherlands, the USA and the UK. The strategic behaviours generated by different approaches are considered and the degree to which any particular strategy can influence the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs is assessed.
Remembering as organizational memory
Authors: Kruse Sharon D.
Published: July 2003

Reform efforts increasingly promote collaboration among faculty and staff in schools with the intent to increase student achievement. Central to this literature is a focus on the members of the school's community to learn as individuals and as a community. Called organizational learning, this discussion has most commonly developed notions of knowledge acquisition and use, this study extends existing theory in organizational learning to include the construct of memory as an important organizational tool for staff and faculty to advance innovation and student achievement. Key to the school organization's ability to use memory in ways that foster the potential for change are the organizational member's capacity for using data within the school structure, to develop both information systems and knowledge structures, the group's ability to develop a coherent and shared memory of events and practices and school leader's capacity to apply aspects of wisdom theory to each problem resolving opportunity.
Decentralization and marketization of education in Singapore
Authors: Mok Ka‐ho
Published: July 2003

Globalization and the evolution of a knowledge‐based economy have caused dramatic changes to the character and functions of education in most countries around the world. In order to enhance the overall competitiveness of individual nation‐states in the global market environment, comprehensive education reforms have been launched in different parts of the globe to strengthen manpower training. Realizing the fact that there is only one resource in Singapore – human capital – the Singapore government therefore has tried to maximize the potential of its citizens in the further advancement of its economic modernization. In order to make its citizens more creative and innovative, the Singapore government openly acknowledges the importance of allowing more autonomy for schools in charting their own courses of development. By introducing a policy of decentralization, the Singapore government hopes that schools could have more autonomy and flexibility to develop their strengths and thereby individual schools can evolve with their own unique features. One way to promote quality education is the introduction of the “school excellence model” (SEM) to engage schools in self‐improvement and self‐assessment exercises. This paper sets out in this policy context to examine and study the newly proposed SEM, with particular reference to examining and studying the philosophy and principles, major features and detailed procedures of this quality assurance model. More specifically, this paper will also analyze this model in light of the global trends of educational decentralization and marketization, reflecting upon the changing role of the Singapore government in educational governance.
The phenomenology of principal mistreatment: teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Blase Joseph , Blase Jo
Published: July 2003

This article, the first empirical study of its kind, presents findings from a larger qualitative study of principal mistreatment of teachers. A grounded theory method was used to study a sample of 50 US teachers who were subjected to long‐term mistreatment from school principals. The authors discuss descriptive, conceptual, and theoretical findings about principals’ actions that teachers define as mistreatment. In addition, the inductively derived model briefly looks at the harmful effects of principal mistreatment and abuse on teachers, psychologically/emotionally and physically/physiologically. Implications of study findings are discussed for administrator and teacher preparation, for school district offices, and for further research.
Reviewing research in education in Australia and the UK: evaluating the evaluations
Authors: Ribbins Peter , Bates Richard , Gunter Helen
Published: July 2003

In many countries concerns have been expressed about the merits of educational research. This paper reports on the outcomes of a review of reviews of such research in Australia and the UK. Taken at face value, the latest round of reviews are largely critical in the UK (where they have generated much debate) and mainly favourable in Australia (where they have not). In accounting for this difference the paper suggests that it might be explained in part as a function of how the reviews were conducted. In the UK reviews have tended to begin with the research and work forward to practice whereas in Australia they have been inclined to begin with practice and work back to the research. It is suggested that policy makers, practitioners and researchers in Australia and the UK have much to learn from each other's experience, as have those in other countries planning similar reviews.
Guest editorial: Retailing for communities: issues of inclusion and exclusion
Authors: Bennison David , Hines Tony
Published: July 2003

Local shopping is a topic that has been neglected for many years by both retail researchers and policy makers. However, in recent years it has come on to the agenda again, mainly because a number of government policy areas – including social exclusion, regeneration and sector competitiveness – have recognised the vital community role played by small shops, and the problems of maintaining their vitality and viability. Within that context, introduces the special issue of IJRDM which presents a number of papers on the general theme of retailing for communities that were given at the CIRM Conference held in Manchester on 13 September 2002. They fall into three main groups: local shopping areas; business strategy and operations; and, learning, training and support for small retailers. The papers illustrate the diversity of research that needs to be undertaken in this area, and there are close parallels with work being undertaken in other management and social science disciplines.
Retailing at the periphery: an analysis of Dublin’s tertiary city centre shopping streets (1972‐2002)
Authors: O’Callaghan Edmund , O’Riordan Don
Published: July 2003

This research examined changes in Dublin’s tertiary city centre shopping streets over a 30‐year period to 2002. An observational study of the occupancy of the city’s tertiary streetscape was undertaken in the summer of 2002 and compared with historical data. Results indicate significant change over the period examined: an increased vacancy rate, a very low survival rate, a considerable incidence of non‐retail specific activities, a decline in traditional retail offerings and the emergence of new categories of retailer. The paper concludes by suggesting a proactive approach is required by present day retailers in the tertiary streets to ensure future survival.
Small retailers in an inner city community: a case study of Adamsdown, Cardiff
Authors: Guy Clifford , Duckett Mary
Published: July 2003

Many retail and business areas in Britain’s inner cities find difficulties in competing with modern retail developments in town centre and off‐centre locations, and are in decline as a result. This paper examines one such area, in Cardiff, Wales, and reviews the steps which could be taken to halt decline and revive the area’s economic and social role in the community. The views of traders and local residents concerning possible improvements to the area are explored, through consultations carried out through the local Community Forum and a survey carried out by students from Cardiff University. The paper concludes with a discussion of the main “agents for change”, in particular the crucial role of the local authority in facilitating environmental and economic change.
The challenge to c‐stores: Edinburgh South Asian responses
Authors: Welsh Rita , Bent Richard , Seaman Claire , Ingram Arthur
Published: July 2003

While no two businesses are the same, examples from Edinburgh Pakistani community convenience store owners illustrate business survival strategies developed in response to increased environmental challenges presented by changing consumer behaviour, increased competition and demographic variations. These are related to the individual’s motivation, experience and family business background, and include exiting the sector, gaining recognised qualifications and alternative employment, and involving second and third generations in expanding family business activities. The resulting smaller, but stronger, convenience(c)‐store sector continues to provide opportunities for individual businesses, thus maintaining the economic and social benefits for the ethnic minority community and the wider city population.
Still serving the community? The professionalisation of the UK charity retail sector
Authors: Broadbridge Adelina , Parsons Liz
Published: July 2003

The charity retail format has experienced significant growth over the last 30 years to a situation where charity shops have now become a taken for granted feature of local high streets across the UK. Traditionally charity shops have played an important service role in their local communities by providing low cost goods and employing voluntary staff. However, alongside the growth of the sector, charities have become increasingly professional in their approach to managing their shops. Changes include the introduction of paid managers and shop assistants and an overall ’‘trading up” of the charity retail environment. This paper explores in detail this professionalisation of the charity retail sector. It then examines the impact of this professionalisation on the role of charity shops in their local communities and speculate on the likely future for charity retail in this context.
Diversity in independent retailing: barriers and benefits – the impact of gender
Authors: Anne Schmidt Ruth , Parker Cathy
Published: July 2003

As part of the European Social Fund‐supported Retail Enterprise Network project, which aims to strengthen and support the work of independent retailers and service providers, this paper explores gender‐based differences related to entrepreneurial activities in the UK. The paper looks at differences in motivating factors, personal variables in the make‐up and background of entrepreneurs, as well as in business and structural variables related to the small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises run by men and women. Findings show clear gender‐related differences in terms of educational background, family support and attitudes and ambitions, as well as related to the availability of start‐up capital, networking opportunities and the related maturational variables of turnover, return on investment and growth rates. Discusses current opportunities particular to female entrepreneurs and evaluates the advice and support services specifically targeted at female business owners. This sets the context for developing an agenda for further research and additional demand‐based support measures aimed at this sector in the context of the Retail Enterprise Network.
An evaluation of mentoring for SME retailers
Authors: Kent Tony , Dennis Charles , Tanton Sue
Published: July 2003

The aim of this research is to assess the role of mentoring as an approach to training and development for small‐ to medium‐sized enterprise (SME) retailers. Mentoring requires the teaming of a knowledgeable person with a learner, to enable a transfer of information, skills and expertise. Importantly it allows greater flexibility in the timing and location of learning. The research is being undertaken in the London Borough of Merton through an 18‐month project. This study forms an interim assessment and analysis of 40 retailers’ responses to the mentoring process, the types of learning needs encountered, the implementation of mentoring and their experiences and learning outcomes. It concludes by assessing the effectiveness of the initial outcomes of the project against its objectives and evaluating emerging themes in SME retail management.
The feminization of Irish trade unions: involvement, solidarity and the relevance of gender
Authors: Turner Thomas , D’Art Daryl
Published: July 2003

Trends in union membership between 1990 and 2000 indicate the increasing feminization of the Irish trade union movement in terms of membership. The historical experience in industrialised nations is for much of women’s work to be relatively short‐term and marginal to the main labour force. This, it has been suggested, has tended to discourage women workers from adopting a collectivist response to the issues of pay and conditions and so weakening their level of participation in union activities. However, the evidence from a survey of the membership in a general union revealed little difference in the attitudes of men and women in relation to levels of group solidarity, wage earner solidarity and union orientation. On the evidence of this paper there is no indication that the increasing feminization of the Irish trade union movement is having an adverse effect on union activism and solidarity.
Individual, interpersonal, and organisational links to women’s advancement in management in banks
Authors: Metz Isabel
Published: July 2003

Despite banking being a female‐dominated industry, women are still under‐represented in management and senior management. Thus, the present study examined the relative importance of individual, interpersonal, and organisational variables for women’s advancement in management in banking in Australia. Data gathered via a survey of 848 women in banking were used in the analyses. The results indicate that women’s advancement is principally linked to some individual factors. In particular, training and development and years of work experience were most important to advancement, followed by work hours, occupation type, company changes, education, and career opportunities. In addition, although marital status and children were unrelated to women’s managerial advancement, the help they had with dependents and house responsibilities was related. Practical implications for banks and for women are discussed.
Attitudes towards women who work in Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed M.
Published: July 2003

This study investigates Egyptian society’s attitudes towards women who work held by a sample of 217 participants. The subjects completed the newly developed multidimensional aversion to women who work scale (MAWWWS). The study validates the scale in a non‐western context. The results reveal that, contrary to our expectation, Egyptian students have very similar attitudes towards women who work to those of the older generations. There are significant differences between males’ and females’ perceptions towards women’s roles and participation in society. The study predicts that modernity may diminish patriarchal attitudes towards women in Arab societies. Finally, the study detects no significant difference between Muslims and non‐Muslims in Egypt regarding their attitudes towards women who work.
Do gender proportions matter?
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: July 2003

This study examines the relationship of gender proportions and a variety of work experiences, work and extra‐work satisfactions and indicators of psychological wellbeing among 324 female and 134 male psychologists. Data were collected using questionnaires completed anonymously. Female psychologists indicated a higher proportion of females in their workplaces than did male psychologists. Both female and male psychologists indicated more women at lower than at higher organizational levels. Male psychologists were older, had longer job and employer tenure, were at higher organizational levels, earned more income and were more likely to be married. Measures of gender proportions were generally uncorrelated with work experiences, work and non‐work satisfactions and psychological wellbeing among both female and male psychologists.
The application of information security policies in large UK‐based organizations: an exploratory investigation
Authors: Fulford Heather , Doherty Neil F.
Published: July 2003

Despite its widely acknowledged importance, the information security policy has not, to date, been the subject of explicit, empirical scrutiny, in the academic literature. To help fill this gap an exploratory research project was initiated that sought to investigate the uptake, content, dissemination and impact of information security policies. To this end, a questionnaire was mailed to senior IS executives, in large UK‐based organizations, and 208 valid responses were received. The results of this research have indicated that, while policies are now fairly common, at least amongst the sample, there is still a high degree of variety in terms of their content and dissemination.
Enterprise integration with advanced information technologies: ERP and data warehousing
Authors: Zeng Yun , Chiang Roger H.L. , Yen David C.
Published: July 2003

In today’s dynamic and changing environment, companies have a strong need to create or sustain their competitive advantages. In order to be competitive, companies need to be responsive and closer to the customers, and deliver value‐added products and services as quickly as possible. Companies also need to be able to support organizational information needs faster and better than their competitors. These goals can be realized by applying two emerging information technologies: enterprise resource planning (ERP) supporting business process integration; and data warehousing supporting data integration. Companies with the further integration of ERP and data warehousing will have great advantages in the competitive environment. Two cases have been studied and presented to illustrate its values.
Stealth tracing: Subliminal Traceroute
Authors: de Wolf H.J.A. (Rens) , Spruit Marcel E.M.
Published: July 2003

The defence against ICT attacks requires detection of probes as early as possible. The earlier an attack is discovered, the more time defenders of systems have to take appropriate counter‐measures. This article discusses a stealth tracing technique called Subliminal Traceroute and the development of a software tool that implements this technique. The tool offers detection features, as well as a counter‐intelligence feature which tries to pin‐point the attacker.
Using continuous user authentication to detect masqueraders
Authors: Seleznyov Alexandr , Puuronen Seppo
Published: July 2003

Nowadays computer and network intrusions have become more common and more complicated, challenging the intrusion detection systems. Also, network traffic has been constantly increasing. As a consequence, the amount of data to be processed by an intrusion detection system has been growing, making it difficult to efficiently detect intrusions online. Proposes an approach for continuous user authentication based on the user’s behaviour, aiming at development of an efficient and portable anomaly intrusion detection system. A prototype of a host‐based intrusion detection system was built. It detects masqueraders by comparing the current user behaviour with his/her stored behavioural model. The model itself is represented by a number of patterns that describe sequential and temporal behavioural regularities of the users. This paper also discusses implementation issues, describes the authors’ solutions, and provides performance results of the prototype.
A first approach to e‐forecasting: a survey of forecasting Web services
Authors: Nikolopoulos K. , Metaxiotis K. , Assimakopoulos V. , Tavanidou E.
Published: July 2003

A great challenge for today’s companies is not only how to adapt to the changing business environment but also how to gain a competitive advantage from the way in which they choose to do so. As a basis for achieving such advantages, companies have started to seek to improve the performance of various operations. Forecasting is one of them; it is important to firms because it can help ensure that effective use of resources is made. In the market there are a number of off‐the‐shelf system products, which provide forecasts. The new trend, of moving traditional software packages to Web services, has pushed forecasting to a new dimension, named by the authors as “e‐forecasting”. In this paper, a first approach to e‐forecasting is made by throwing light on several aspects and a survey is presented which aims at identifying existing Web forecasting services.
Ambivalence, Uncertainty, and Processes of Candidate Evaluation
Authors: McGraw Kathleen M. , Hasecke Edward , Conger Kimberly
Published: July 2003

The on‐line and memory‐based processing models of candidate evaluation can be better understood by incorporating the concepts of ambivalence and uncertainty, both as subjective feeling states and as objective properties of information. An experiment was designed to address three questions: What are the relationships between ambivalence and uncertainty? What are the informational foundations of subjective ambivalence and uncertainty, and to what extent are they rooted in on‐line (time of exposure) and memory‐based (time of judgment) processes? What are the consequences of ambivalence and uncertainty for candidate evaluation? The results suggest that (1) subjective uncertainty is more strongly rooted in information about the candidate than is subjective ambivalence; (2) subjective uncertainty and (to a lesser extent) ambivalence are associated with an increased propensity to engage in memory‐based processing; and (3) subjective ambivalence and uncertainty result in more negative evaluations, particularly among less sophisticated people. These results suggest ways in which the on‐line and memory‐based models might productively be combined.
The Perception of the Other in International Relations: Evidence for the Polarizing Effect of Entitativity
Authors: Castano Emanuele , Sacchi Simona , Gries Peter Hays
Published: July 2003

In an international relations context, the mutual images held by actors affect their mutual expectations about the Other's behavior and guide the interpretation of the Other's actions. Here it is argued that the effect of these images is moderated by the degree of entitativity of the Other—that is, the extent to which it is perceived as a real entity. Two studies tested this hypothesis by manipulating the entitativity of the European Union (EU) among U.S. citizens whose images of the EU varied along the enemy/ally dimension. Results of these studies yielded converging evidence in support of the hypothesized moderating effect of entitativity. Specifically, entitativity showed a polarizing effect on the relationship between the image of the EU and judgments of harmfulness of actions carried out by the EU.
American Identity and Attitudes Toward Official‐English Policies
Authors: Schildkraut Deborah J.
Published: July 2003

This article analyzes the relationship between each of three conceptions of American identity—liberalism, civic republicanism, and ethnoculturalism—and support for declaring English the official language and printing election ballots only in English. Focus group discussions showed that these conceptions provide a common means of discourse for talking about language conflicts and ethnic change, and that the civic republican conception of American identity is a particularly important factor in the opinion formation process. Although all three conceptions help people to decide whether they think English should be the official language, they are not consistently associated with support for or opposition to restrictive language policies. How individuals interpret these images of national identity also shapes the direction of their preferences.
The Relationship Between Need for Closure and Conservative Beliefs in Western and Eastern Europe
Authors: Kossowska Malgorzata , Hiel Alain Van
Published: July 2003

This work explored the hypothesis that need for closure is associated with the adoption of conservative ideology. Two different studies on eastern and western European samples (Polish and Flemish) supported the hypothesis that need for closure—as measured by Webster and Kruglanski's (1994) Need for Closure Scale—is related to conservative beliefs. However, in the second study, a negative relationship between need for closure and economic conservatism in the Polish sample was noted, whereas a positive relationship occurred in the Flemish sample. These results may be accounted for by the Need for Simple Structure factor of Neuberg, Judice, and West (1997) and by specific rather than non‐specific epistemic processes.
Experiments Behind the Veil: Structural Influences on Judgments of Social Justice
Authors: Mitchell Gregory , Tetlock Philip E. , Newman Daniel G. , Lerner Jennifer S.
Published: July 2003

In two experiments, participants judged the fairness of different distributions of wealth in hypothetical societies. In the first study, the level of meritocracy in the hypothetical societies and the frame of reference from which participants judged alternative distributions of wealth interacted to influence fairness judgments. As meritocracy increased, all participants became more tolerant of economic inequality, particularly when they judged fairness from a redistribution frame of reference that made salient transfers among socioeconomic classes. Liberal participants, however, placed a greater emphasis on equality than did conservative participants across all conditions. In the second study, reactions to income transfers depended on the efficiency of the transfers and the identity of the groups receiving the benefits, but conservatives placed a greater emphasis in their fairness judgments on tying benefits to workfare requirements, whereas liberals did not distinguish between unconditional welfare transfers and workfare transfers.
Contrast Effects and Approval Voting: An Illustration of a Systematic Violation of the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives Condition
Authors: Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Watanabe Yoriko
Published: July 2003

In approval voting, voters indicate all alternatives acceptable to them, instead of indicating their most preferred alternative. This study sought to examine the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, approval voting systematically violates a rationality condition of social choice: the independence of irrelevant alternatives condition. Given a well‐known psychological phenomenon, the contrast effect, it was hypothesized that sets of acceptable alternatives might be changed as a result of changes in unacceptable alternatives. This hypothesis was tested in a sample of undergraduates who were presented with fictional profiles of juvenile delinquents and then were asked whether they should be granted parole. The outcomes of approval voting changed merely as the result of a change in an alternative least preferred by all voters.
Worldviews in Foreign Policy: Realism, Liberalism, and External Conflict
Authors: Mowle Thomas S.
Published: July 2003

International relations studies have been unable to determine whether realist or liberal theories better fit state behavior in various situations, possibly because these studies have attributed motive and action to the states rather than to the decision‐makers within them. This article develops a new, more direct approach to resolving this problem. Hypotheses were tested regarding conditions under which decision‐makers are likely to articulate a problem representation consistent with liberal or realist elements of a worldview. This was done by content analysis of statements about 36 foreign conflicts by the governments of three “bystander” nations—the United States, Canada, and India—over a 16‐year period. The findings indicate that systemic and situational factors are far more important than domestic factors. States tend to represent wars in congruence with liberalism primarily when their security is already assured by another power or when the conflict does not involve allies, rivals, or fellow democracies. Thus, most of the expectations of realism are supported at the psychological level.
Self‐Prophecy Effects and Voter Turnout: An Experimental Replication
Authors: Smith Jennifer K. , Gerber Alan S. , Orlich Anton
Published: July 2003

Psychological research has found that being asked to predict one's future actions can bring about subsequent behavior consistent with the prediction but different from what would have occurred had no prediction been made. In a 1987 study, Greenwald, Carnot, Beach, and Young induced an increase in voting behavior by means of such a “self‐prophecy” effect: Undergraduates who were asked to predict whether they would vote in an upcoming election were substantially more likely to go to the polls than those who had not been asked for a prediction. This paper reports on a replication of the Greenwald study conducted among a larger group of respondents more representative of the American electorate. No evidence was found that self‐prophecy effects increase voter turnout.
Linking Birth Order to Political Leadership: The Impact of Parents or Sibling Interaction?
Authors: Andeweg Rudy B. , Berg Steef B. Van Den
Published: July 2003

Despite mounting evidence that first‐born children are overrepresented among incumbents in political office, there is no consensus about the cause of this overrepresentation. Some stress the impact of differential parenting, arguing that the first‐born receive a larger share of parental resources and have a greater need to live up to parental expectations. Others emphasize the interaction among siblings, arguing that first‐born children are better prepared for power struggles, having experience both as followers and as leaders within the family. This study, using birth‐order data for nearly 1,200 incumbents in various offices in local and national politics in the Netherlands, found more support for the parental impact perspective. Singletons were also overrepresented among incumbents, whereas middle‐born children were underrepresented. The data suggest that this birth‐order effect is weaker among younger generations and is more pronounced among women.
Typologies of agreement: some problems from Kayardild
Authors: Evans Nicholas
Published: July 2003

‘that rarity, nouns…, those most reluctant agreers, aggreeing in case, of all categories’ (Plank 1995: 32)

In this paper I describe a number of agreement‐type phenomena in the Australian language Kayardild, and assess them against existing definitions, stating both the boundaries of what is to be considered agreement, and characteristics of prototypical agreement phenomena. Though conforming, prima facie, to definitions of agreement that stress semantically based covariance in inflections on different words, the Kayardild phenomena considered here pose a number of challenges to accepted views of agreement: the rich possibilities for stacking case‐like agreement inflections emanating from different syntactic levels, the fact that inflections resulting from agreement may change the word class of their host, and the semantic categories involved, in particular tense/aspect/mood, which have been claimed not to be agreement categories on nominals. Two types of inflection, in particular—‘modal case’ and ‘associating case’—lie somewhere between prototypical agreement and prototypical government. Like agreement, but unlike government, they are triggered by inflectional rather than lexical features of the head, and appear on more than one constituent; like government, but unlike agreement, the semantic categories on head and dependent are not isomorphic. Other types of inflection, though unusual in the categories involved, the possibility of recursion, and their effects on the host's word class, are close to prototypical in terms of how they fare in Corbett's proposed tests for canonical agreement.
What Might Globalisation's Critics Believe?
Authors: Deardorff Alan V.
Published: July 2003

Critics of globalisation object to many things, some of which can be easily understood within standard economic models, but others of which seem to reflect a view of the world that economists generally do not share. This paper attempts to identify several alternative frameworks for analysis within which some of their criticisms may be understood, with the ultimate aim of extracting testable implications that differ from standard models. Three such alternative models are suggested, all of which focus mainly on the behaviour of owners and managers of corporate capital: an anti‐labour model, in which capitalists are willing to sacrifice some of their own profits for the chance to make labour worse off; a labour‐monopsony model in which capitalists co‐operate globally to increase profits by depressing wages; and an international political economy model in which capitalists use their resources to influence the political process for more than just obtaining import protection. This third framework, which is not spelled out in any detail here, has capitalists seeking policies such as export subsidies and other means of promoting market access, and it also has them influencing the international negotiations that set the rules of international agreements and organisations, such as the NAFTA and WTO. Examples of the latter sort of influence are discussed.
Globalisation of the World's Wine Markets
Authors: Anderson Kym , Norman David , Wittwer Glyn
Published: July 2003

This paper is a revision of an Invited Paper for the Australian Conference of Economists, Adelaide, 1‐3 October 2002. The research on which the paper draws was funded by the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, and the Australian Research Council. Thanks are due to Nick Berger for his pioneering work in developing a prototype of the database and model used in this paper (see Berger, 2000) and to an anonymous referee for helpful comments.
Can the Japanese Economy Rebound?
Authors: El‐Agraa Ali M.
Published: July 2003

The Japanese economy has begun to show signs of recovery from its deepest post WWII recession. Although it is generally acknowledged that the recovery is not based on solid foundations, there is elation within Japan regarding the prospects for renewed economic growth. Yet little or no attention seems to be paid to what is happening to Japanese technological innovation, the engine that drives growth. The article shows that the impressive technological excellence of the famed Japanese companies is simultaneously accompanied by a decline in overall Japanese technological innovation. This is attributed to the dual nature of the Japanese economy, where super‐strong exporting industries co‐exist with super‐weak domestic sectors, and to Japan's adherence to outdated perceptions and policies. However, the potential for recovery is within reach: galvanise the backward leg of the dual economy and healthy growth would ensue; restore confidence in the healthy leg and things would be better still; add to this a recipe for responsible macroeconomic management and the prospects would be rosier.
Agri‐environmental Relationships and Multi‐functionality: Further Considerations
Authors: Harvey David R.
Published: July 2003

Multi‐functionality is a currently fashionable argument, especially within the EU, for continued support of the farming sector. However, there is a substantial danger that this will be used, and be seen to being used, as a façade for continued traditional support and protection. If so, the current trend towards liberalised agricultural markets, on which much of the developing world depends, will be frustrated. Nevertheless, farming does matter to many communities, over and above its marketable surplus and the incomes so generated. It follows that any negotiations aimed at liberalising agricultural trade have to take these arguments seriously. To do so requires that the critical elements of the debate be widely understood. This paper outlines these critical elements, in the light of a previous contribution fromHodge (2000). It argues that there are ways in which quasi‐market systems can be used to correct market failures implicit in the notion of multi‐functionality. It also argues that proper compensation to existing supported farmers is a necessary and separate condition for sensible policy reform. Much of the commentary on farm trade liberalisation confuses the two separate conditions for reform: multi‐functionality and compensation. This confusion threatens progress towards agricultural trade liberalisation, without generating any reliable benefits of a more multifunctional agriculture.
The Role of the Banking System in the International Transmission of Shocks
Authors: Sbracia Massimo , Zaghini Andrea
Published: July 2003

The paper analyzes the role of the banking system in the international transmission of financial shocks. A channel of transmission is defined as a mechanism through which a financial crisis in one country induces a financial crisis in another country. Channels involving banks operate through changes in the capital adequacy ratios of a common lender and in the value of collateral of domestic borrowers, through bank runs and bank panics, and through moral hazard. Recent empirical evidence points to the significant effects of the common lender channel on the probability of a financial crisis, while mitigating the role of bank runs and remaining inconclusive about moral hazard. Thus, we introduce a series of indices of vulnerability to the common lender channel that improve existing measures by taking into account both the borrower's dependence on foreign loans and the lender's exposure to a single country. By comparing the degree of vulnerability to the common lender channel during the 1990s major crises, we find that vulnerability was higher in the Asia Pacific region in 1997 (and, especially, in the five countries most involved in the crisis) than in Latin America and East Europe. Vulnerability was significantly lower in 2000 for almost all the countries in our sample, due to both a more even distribution of liabilities on the part of developing countries and a higher degree of diversification of bank investments from the three main lending countries (United States, Japan, Germany).
Making EU Trade Agreements Work: The Role of Rules of Origin
Authors: Brenton Paul , Manchin Miriam
Published: July 2003

A key element of the EU's free trade and preferential trade agreements is the extent to which they deliver improved market access and so contribute to the EU's foreign policy objectives towards developing countries and neighbouring countries in Europe, including the countries of the Balkans. Previous preferential trade schemes have been ineffective in delivering improved access to the EU market since only a small proportion of the available preferences have actually been utilised. The main reason for this is probably the very restrictive rules of origin that the EU imposes, coupled with the costs of proving consistency with these rules. If the EU wants the ‘Everything but Arms’ agreement and free trade agreements with countries in the Balkans to generate substantial improvements in access to the EU market for products from these countries then it will have to reconsider the current rules of origin and implement less restrictive rules backed up by a careful safeguards policy..
Bronze Age boundaries and social exchange in north‐west Cyprus
Authors: Keswani Priscilla Schuster , Knapp A. Bernard
Published: July 2003

Summary.  During the Late Bronze Age a number of towns engaged in copper production and overseas trade arose throughout the coastal regions of Cyprus. While some of these towns were located within a few kilometres of major ore deposits in the Troodos Mountains, others were situated much farther away, and presumably acquired their copper supplies through extensive networks of exchange. This paper addresses the question of how such networks may have been structured in north‐western and north central Cyprus, within and adjacent to the research area of the Sydney Cyprus Survey Project. Based on our analyses of site locational factors, we propose the co‐existence of at least two distinct networks of copper procurement and transport. Consideration of the finds from settlement and mortuary sites in the northern Troodos and Mesaoria plain suggests a pattern of hierarchical exchange relations between coastal and inland regions.
Visible writing: questions of script and identity in Early Iron Age Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Sherratt Susan
Published: July 2003

Summary. A number of seemingly intractable problems still surround the introduction of the Greek alphabet some time around the middle of the eighth century BC, after more than four centuries of Greek illiteracy. The question of when this happened, though debated, seems still more or less a matter of consensus on the basis of the date of the earliest extant Greek alphabetic inscriptions, but the questions of where, how and why it did remain largely unresolved. Of these problems, perhaps one of the most intractable is that of why it happened when it did, given that the old idea of an isolated ‘Dark Age’ Greece, cut off from the literate east during the centuries before 800 BC, is no longer sustainable. On Cyprus, too, there is something of a literacy ‘gap’ between the early tenth and late eighth centuries, though there is every reason to suppose that an indigenous syllabic script continued in use on the island over this period, and the problem therefore is one of visibility rather than existence. This paper considers the contexts in which alphabetic literacy was introduced to Greece and in which syllabic literacy became visible once more on Cyprus at around the same time, in order to see if these are entirely coincidental or whether some link may be found between them. In particular, it raises some general questions concerning the relationships between script and language and between language and identity in different parts of the ancient world in the later second and early first millennia, and the implications these may have for the role of script in constructing and defining identities in eighth century Greece and Cyprus (both incidentally inhabited by Greek‐speakers). It concludes that what we see are analogous, but quite separate, developments, both of them focused on Phoenician activity, but manifesting themselves in different circumstances through parallel but different phenomena.