bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Revolution and Democracy in Africa: Freedom of Expression Revitalized
Authors: Ngwa Peter , Ngoa Hermine GeraldeNgo
Published: May 2024

The advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has revolutionized the daily lives of Africans, particularly in the areas of governance and politics. The main objective is to show that ICTs have fostered freedom of expression in Africa. Explanatory and demonstrative methods have been used to show firstly that ICTs are socio-political transformers, secondly that ICTs have created the possibility of free expression in Africa, and thirdly that ICTs make democracy and good governance effective in Africa. In politics, ICTs have ushered in a new era of information liberalization, which in turn has led to effective freedom of expression on the African continent. However, it is important to control the use of these technologies if they are to be a lever for democracy and good governance. The political participation of Africans in the digital public sphere requires us to adopt a dynamic approach that accepts a concept that varies in time and space, depending on the means available to individuals at a given moment. The advent of the Internet has profoundly changed the way Africans act and, in a space of a few years, has become an important vector for communication and political action. The revolution brought about by the new electronic means of communication has made relations between members of the community much more fluid.
The Importance of Screening for EGFR Mutation in Lung Cancer
Authors: Salsabila Deviana Putri , Sandhika Willy
Published: May 2024

Lung cancer is one of the cancers with the most cases occurring in both men and women. It was found that a number of patients with lung cancer had mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The EGFR mutation is a somatic mutation associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which can be identified using real-time PCR or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in a sample obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. The presence of EGFR mutation in lung cancer tissue has revealed an opportunity to treat this disease with anti-EGFR therapy. First-generation EGFR inhibitors work by reversibly inhibiting the EGFR tyrosine kinase. However, it does not work with the T790M mutation which needs a third-generation EGFR inhibitor that can irreversibly inhibit both active and inactive variants of EGFR. Screening of EGFR mutation in NSCLC has been mandatory to reveal an opportunity for treating with EGFR inhibitor.
Superluminal Spaceflight, Negative Mass, Closed Time Like Curves, Manipulation of Inertia by Advanced Electromagnetic Fields and Speculations on Time and Energy
Authors: Maccini Anthony
Published: May 2024

It is known that light photons in a laser can accelerate a spacecraft imparting momentum upon a light sail, here one considers the properties of superluminal nature of light as shown in many experiments, where the momentum of superluminal laser theoretically might accelerate a spacecraft faster than light. Next one considers a patent on time travel creating negative mass, one speculates upon this, with references to experiments that have created negative mass. Then one considers post-selection in relation to set up an experiment that uses 3 quantum states, entangled particles to create a loop in time of a closed time like curve. Then there is presented experiments done, where manipulation of inertia by advanced electromagnetic fields produces thrust, I suggest with this, by feeding advanced energy into such a device to produce thrust through time not space. And lastly there are speculations of time and energy, where energy is considered as a dimension.
Las Baleares frente al corso. La defensa de un archipiélago en el Mediterráneo del siglo XVI
Authors: Segui Beltran Andreu
Published: May 2024

Este libro estudia la evolución de la actividad corsaria contra las Islas Baleares y la adaptación de la defensa de este archipiélago a la guerra moderna entre 1480 y 1580, un período marcado por la guerra entre la Monarquía hispánica y el Imperio otomano por el dominio del Mediterráneo. El trabajo analiza temas considerados a menudo como zanjados por la historiografía, intentando situar tanto la amenaza corsaria como la respuesta defensiva en consonancia con la que sugiere la abundante documentación utilizada, conservada en archivos nacionales, regionales y locales. El autor integra todas las islas en la medida de lo posible para ofrecer una visión de archipiélago y determinar hasta qué punto se ofreció o no una respuesta común a la amenaza que se presentó en cada momento, junto con las decisiones que ello implicó y sus costes.
African Union Mission in Somalia Considerations for Transition and Kenya’s National Security
Authors: Kamais Cosmas Ekwom , Okoth Pontian Godfrey , Kimokoti Sussy Namaemba
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the implications of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) on Kenya's national security within the context of AMISOM's transition to the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). The objective of the study was analyse achievement of African Union Mission in Somalia mandates, to examine the effects to Kenya's National security and assess transition strategies of national security. The study was guided by Functionalist, Strategic and Securitisation theories. The research employed a mixed-methods research design using questionnaire surveys and interviews with respondents in Kenya's border counties most affected by Somali instability. Study findings established that, while a majority (52%) believe AMISOM has achieved its mandate to a moderate extent, concerns remain regarding the capacity of Somali Security Forces (SSF) and the overall stability of Somalia. In addition, study findings established that while progress has been made in degrading Al-Shabaab and supporting the Somali Federal Government (FGS). However, only a third of respondents believe the SSF has been adequately mentored by AMISOM. Despite success in facilitating humanitarian assistance and Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) projects, nearly two-thirds believe Somalia lacks the conditions necessary for long-term stability. The study concludes that AMISOM's transition strategy inadequately addresses governance and security aspects essential for Kenyan security. Weak SSF and FGS capacity pose a threat of failed stabilization after AMISOM's withdrawal. Additionally, Kenya's current border security measures are insufficient to manage potential spill over effects. ANOVA indicated an F statistic of 134.318 and a p value of 0.000<0.05 thus the Somalia PSO strategies significantly predict Kenya’s National Security. Regressions weight model (β = -0.451, P = .000<.05) implied that Nature of Somalia PSO strategies negatively influences Kenya’s National Security. The study recommends a revision of the AMISOM transition strategy to include capacity building for FGS and SSF, including forces in federal member states like Jubaland; allocation of sufficient time for a well-monitored transition with clear benchmarks; an exploration cautious negotiations with Al-Shabaab, contingent on a strong FGS and a hybrid AU-UN peacekeeping mission to succeed ATMIS to ensure Kenya's long-term security.
AFETIVIDADE, APRENDIZAGEM E A ESCOLA COMO REFÚGIO: UMA JORNADA PARA A RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO DE MULHERES EM PRIVAÇÃO DE LIBERDADE
Authors: Queiroz Clésia Carneiro da Silva Freire
Published: May 2024

A privação de liberdade feminina, marcada por privações, traumas e exclusões, exige estratégias abrangentes e humanizadas para a ressocialização e reintegração social. Neste contexto, a interconexão entre afetividade, aprendizagem e a escola como refúgio surge como um caminho promissor para a reconstrução de suas vidas. Sendo assim, objetivo desse artigo é compreender como a interconexão entre afetividade, aprendizagem e a escola como refúgio pode ter implicações na ressocialização de estudantes em privação de liberdade, avaliando como esses elementos podem contribuir para uma reintegração social mais eficaz após o período de encarceramento. Portanto, vínculos afetivos positivos com educadores, pares e figuras de apoio, construídos através da escuta ativa, empatia e respeito, são pilares da autoestima, da confiança e da reconstrução da identidade feminina. A educação de qualidade, com foco em habilidades práticas e desenvolvimento de competências socioemocionais, abre portas para a autonomia, o empoderamento e a reinserção social. A escola, como refúgio acolhedor e seguro, deve ser um espaço de transformação social, onde as mulheres se sintam valorizadas e respeitadas. Para isso, a metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a do ensaio acadêmico, e se baseou numa análise e síntese crítica sobre a temática em questão. Por fim, os resultados desse estudo, demonstraram que a ressonância entre afetividade, aprendizagem e a escola como refúgio com relação as mulheres em privação de liberdade podem ressignificar suas vidas, superar traumas, fortalecer a resiliência e construir um futuro positivo, marcado pela autonomia, pela esperança e pela contribuição para uma sociedade mais justa e inclusiva.
AS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS NO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA MEDIADAS PELAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS: CAMINHOS QUE SE CRUZAM E TRAJETÓRIAS QUE SE ENTRELAÇAM NUMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA BAIANA
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Sergio Alves de , Leal Debóra Aráujo
Published: May 2024

A pesquisa investiga a operacionalização de procedimentos pedagógicos e de mediação tecnológica para o ensino-aprendizagem de História. O ambiente informatizado e os suportes que usam a internet podem ser vistos como um importante mecanismo de aprendizagem da disciplina história uma vez que trazem formas diferentes de apreensão do conhecimento com os recursos áudio visuais e uma melhor possibilidade de construção de trabalhos escolares que levem a autoria. A partir desse contexto, analisaremos aspectos relevantes do processo educacional brasileiro, o referencial no passado, as políticas públicas e o papel do professor enquanto mediador na condução das mudanças necessárias para o tipo de educação que se apresenta no século XXI. A disciplina história passa a ser discutida a partir de suas formas de transmissão e evolução temporal e analisa a produção de conhecimento verificando como é possível despertar no aluno um maior interesse pelo estudo e o pensar histórico com o uso das novas tecnologias tendo como referencial sua relação entre passado e presente. Os resultados conferem validação e recomendação dos procedimentos metodológicos de autoria com a hipermídia para o ensino da disciplina. A inconclusividade quanto aos procedimentos didáticos aplicados identificou uma série de modificações necessárias, para que a abordagem possa ser aplicada com bom desempenho no futuro, o que constitui caminhos para uma nova concepção do ensino de História e de outras disciplinas.
O PAPEL DA ULTRASSONOGRAFIA NA AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ-NATAL DE MALFORMAÇÕES UTERINAS
Authors: Carmo Thiago Henrick Ferreira do , Silva Higor Martins Oliveira , Liboreiro Júnior Gilson Barbosa de , Brito Gabriella Suzano Coelho , Scafutto Lucas Jardim
Published: May 2024

A avaliação pré-natal de malformações uterinas desempenha um papel crucial na prática obstétrica, visando o manejo adequado das gestações afetadas. A ultrassonografia é a principal ferramenta diagnóstica para a detecção dessas anomalias, fornecendo informações detalhadas sobre a anatomia uterina e identificando malformações como septação uterina, útero didelfo, útero bicorno e útero septado. Este estudo revisa a literatura científica atual sobre o papel da ultrassonografia na avaliação pré-natal de malformações uterinas, destacando sua precisão na detecção precoce, a importância do treinamento especializado dos ultrassonografistas e as implicações clínicas das malformações identificadas. Além disso, são discutidas as limitações da ultrassonografia, a necessidade de técnicas complementares de imagem e a importância da pesquisa contínua para aprimorar o diagnóstico e o manejo dessas anomalias. A compreensão abrangente do papel da ultrassonografia na avaliação pré-natal de malformações uterinas é fundamental para orientar a prática clínica e melhorar os desfechos materno-fetais.
Dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert significantly darken snow surface on surrounding mountains
Authors: Xing Yuxuan , Chen Yang , Yan Shirui , Cao Xiaoyi , Zhou Yong , Zhang Xueying , Shi Tenglong , Niu Xiaoying , Wu Dongyou , Cui Jiecan , Zhou Yue , Wang Xin , Pu Wei
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Taklamakan Desert (TD) is a major source of mineral dust emissions into the atmosphere. These dust particles have the ability to darken the surface of snow on the surrounding high mountains after deposition, significantly impacting the regional radiation balance. However, previous field measurements have been unable to capture the effects of severe dust storms accurately, and their representation on regional scales has been inadequate. In this study, we propose a modified remote-sensing approach that combines data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite and simulations from the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model. This approach allows us to detect and analyze the substantial snow darkening resulting from dust storm deposition. We focus on three typical dust events originating from the Taklamakan Desert and observe significant snow darkening over an area of ∼ 2160, ∼ 610, and ∼ 640 km2 in the Tien Shan, Kunlun, and Qilian mountains, respectively. Our findings reveal that the impact of dust storms extends beyond the local high mountains, reaching mountains located approximately 1000 km away from the source. Furthermore, we observe that dust storms not only darken the snowpack during the spring but also in the summer and autumn seasons, leading to increased absorption of solar radiation. Specifically, the snow albedo reduction (radiative forcing) triggered by severe dust deposition is up to 0.028–0.079 (11–31.5 W m−2), 0.088–0.136 (31–49 W m−2), and 0.092–0.153 (22–38 W m−2) across the Tien Shan, Kunlun, and Qilian mountains, respectively. This further contributes to the aging of the snow, as evidenced by the growth of snow grain size. Comparatively, the impact of persistent but relatively slow dust deposition over several months during non-event periods is significantly lower than that of individual dust events. This highlights the necessity of giving more attention to the influence of extreme events on the regional radiation balance. This study provides a deeper understanding of how a single dust event can affect the extensive snowpack and demonstrates the potential of employing satellite remote sensing to monitor large-scale snow darkening.
Cloud detection from multi-angular polarimetric satellite measurements using a neural network ensemble approach
Authors: Yuan Zihao , Fu Guangliang , van Diedenhoven Bastiaan , Lin Hai Xiang , Erisman Jan Willem , Hasekamp Otto P.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper describes a neural network cloud masking scheme from PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar) multi-angle polarimetric measurements. The algorithm has been trained on synthetic measurements and has been applied to the processing of 1 year of PARASOL data. Comparisons of the retrieved cloud fraction with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products show overall agreement in spatial and temporal patterns, but the PARASOL neural network (PARASOL-NN) retrieves lower cloud fractions. Comparisons with a goodness-of-fit mask from aerosol retrievals suggest that the NN cloud mask flags fewer clear pixels as cloudy than MODIS (∼ 3 % of the clear pixels versus ∼ 15 % by MODIS). On the other hand the NN classifies more pixels incorrectly as clear than MODIS (∼ 20 % by NN, versus ∼ 15 % by MODIS). Additionally, the NN and MODIS cloud mask have been applied to the aerosol retrievals from PARASOL using the Remote Sensing of Trace Gas and Aerosol Products (RemoTAP) algorithm. Validation with AERONET shows that the NN cloud mask performs comparably with MODIS in screening residual cloud contamination in retrieved aerosol properties. Our study demonstrates that cloud masking from multi-angle polarimeter (MAP) aerosol retrievals can be performed based on the MAP measurements themselves, making the retrievals independent of the availability of a cloud imager.
Forward Model Emulator for Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Using Gaussian Processes And Cross Validation
Authors: Lamminpää Otto M. , Susiluoto Jouni I. , Hobbs Jonathan M. , McDuffie James L. , Braverman Amy J. , Owhadi Houman
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) carried out by NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite mission and the related Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) effort involves repeated evaluations of a state-of-the-art atmospheric physics model. The retrieval, or solving an inverse problem, requires substantial computational resources. In this work, we propose and implement a statistical emulator to speed up the computations in the OCO-2 physics model. Our approach is based on Gaussian Process (GP) Regression, leveraging recent research on Kernel Flows and Cross Validation to efficiently learn the kernel function in the GP. We demonstrate our method by replicating the behavior of OCO-2 forward model within measurement error precision, and further show that in simulated cases, our method reproduces the CO2 retrieval performance of OCO-2 setup with orders of magnitude faster computational time. The underlying emulation problem is challenging because it is high dimensional. It is related to operator learning in the sense that the function to be approximated is mapping high-dimensional vectors to high-dimensional vectors. Our proposed approach is not only fast but also highly accurate (its relative error is less than 1 %). In contrast with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based methods, it is interpretable and its efficiency is based on learning a kernel in an engineered and expressive family of kernels.
Ideas and perspectives: Human impacts alter the marine fossil record
Authors: Nawrot Rafał , Zuschin Martin , Tomašových Adam , Kowalewski Michał , Scarponi Daniele
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The youngest fossil record is a crucial source of data documenting the recent history of marine ecosystems and their long-term alteration by humans. However, human activities that reshape communities and habitats also alter sedimentary and biological processes that control the formation of the sedimentary archives recording those impacts. These diverse physical, geochemical, and biological disturbances include changes in sediment fluxes due to the alteration of alluvial and coastal landscapes, seabed disturbance by bottom trawling and ship traffic, ocean acidification and deoxygenation, removal of native species, and introduction of invasive ecosystem engineers. These novel processes modify sedimentation rates, the depth and intensity of sediment mixing, the pore-water saturation state, and the preservation potential of skeletal remains – the parameters controlling the completeness and spatiotemporal resolution of the fossil record. We argue that humans have become a major force transforming the nature of the marine fossil record in ways that can both impede and improve our ability to reconstruct past ecological and climate dynamics. A better understanding of the feedback between human impacts on ecosystem processes and their preservation in the marine fossil record offers new research opportunities and novel tools for interpreting geohistorical archives of the ongoing anthropogenic transformation of the coastal ocean.
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Authors: Hieronymus Jenny , Hieronymus Magnus , Gröger Matthias , Schwinger Jörg , Bernadello Raffaele , Tourigny Etienne , Sicardi Valentina , Ruvalcaba Baroni Itzel , Wyser Klaus
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Shifts in the day of peak net primary production (NPP) were detected in different biogeochemical provinces of the North Atlantic (25–65° N). Most provinces displayed a shift toward earlier peak NPP, with the largest change points in the 21st century and in the northern parts of the domain. Furthermore, the occurrences of the first day with a mixed-layer depth (MLD) shallower than 40 m and the day of peak NPP are positively correlated over most of the domain. As was the case for the day of peak NPP, the largest change points for the day of MLD shallower than 40 m occur around or after the year 2000. Daily output from two fully coupled CMIP6 Earth system models, EC-Earth3-CC and NorESM2-LM, for the period 1750–2100 and under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, were used for the analysis. The ESM NPP data were compared with estimates derived from Carbon, Absorption and Fluorescence Euphotic-resolving (CAFE) satellite-based data. The ESMs showed significant differences from the CAFE model, though the timing of peak NPP was well captured for most provinces. The largest change points in the day of peak NPP occur earlier in EC-Earth3-CC than in NorESM2-LM. Although SSP5-8.5 is a scenario with very high warming, EC-Earth3-CC generates change points for most provinces in the early part of the 21st century, before the warming has deviated far from lower-emissions scenarios. NorESM2-LM displays the largest change points centered around the mid 21st century, with two out of eight provinces displaying the largest change point before the year 2050. The early timing of the detected shifts in some provinces in both ESMs suggests that similar shifts could already have been initiated or could start in the near future. This highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in the North Atlantic.
Western Indian Ocean bottom water temperature calibration – are benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios a reliable palaeothermometry proxy?
Authors: Larsson Viktoria , Jung Simon
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Mg/Ca ratios measured in benthic foraminifera have been explored as a potential palaeothermometry proxy for bottom water temperatures (BWT). Mg/Ca-BWT calibrations from the Indian Ocean are rare and comprise conflicting results. Inconsistencies between studies suggest that calibrations may need to be region specific. The aim of this study was to develop benthic foraminifera (Uvigerina peregrina, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicidoides mundulus) based Mg/Ca – BWT calibrations in the tropical western Indian Ocean. Testing variations of existing analytical protocols, aimed at optimising cleaning of the foraminifera while avoiding sample loss in the process, entailed that a previously established protocol by Barker et al. (2003) was the most suitable for our study. The majority of samples of Cibicidoides mundulus and Uvigerina peregrina, however, remained contaminated, rendering those data unusable for Mg/Ca core-top calibrations. Only Mg/Ca ratios in Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi allowed a tentative Mg/Ca - BWT calibration with the relationship being: Mg/Ca = 0.19 ± 0.02 ∗ BWT + 1.07 ± 0.03, 𝑟2 = 0.87. While this result differs to some degree from previous studies it principally suggests that existing core-top calibrations from the wider Indian Ocean can be applied to core-tops in the western Indian Ocean. The agreement of Mg/Ca ratios at lower temperatures in Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Cibicidoides mundulus and Uvigerina peregrina with Mg/Ca ratios reported for these species at low temperatures in other studies supports this conclusion. Many uncertainties surrounding the Mg/Ca proxy exist and more calibration studies are required to improve this method.
Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn), [Ag6]4+(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12□, a new member of the tetrahedrite group from the Yindongpo Au deposit, China
Authors: Qu Kai , Sima Xianzhang , Gu Xiangping , Sun Weizhi , Fan Guang , Yang Zeqiang , Wang Yanjuan
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The new mineral kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn), [Ag6]4+(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12□, was discovered at the Yindongpo Au deposit, Henan Province, China. It occurs as black metallic anhedral grains or equant crystals up to 40 µm in size. It is opaque in transmitted light and shows a greenish-grey colour in reflected light. Electron microprobe analysis for the studied material gave the empirical formula (on the basis of total cations being equal to 16 atoms per formula unit, apfu): M(2)(Ag3.75Cu2.25)Σ6M(1)[Cu3.90(Zn1.18Fe0.69Cd0.26)Σ2.13]Σ6.03X(3)(Sb3.69As0.27)Σ3.96S(1)S11.94 S(2)□. Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn) is cubic, I4‾3m (no. 217), with a = 10.4624(4) Å, V= 1145.23(13) Å3, and Z= 2. The crystal structure has been refined to a final value of R1= 0.0247 on the basis of 274 independent reflections (Fo > 4σ (Fo)) by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The seven strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines (d in Å (I) (hkl)) are the following: 3.010 (100) (222), 1.844 (30) (044), 2.606 (22) (004), 1.572 (15) (226), 2.046 (9) (134), 7.35 (6) (011), and 1.909 (5) (125). Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn) is isostructural with other keno-member tetrahedrites with the [Ag6]4+ cluster. The structure refinement result confirms the coupling between the site occupancy factor of subvalent hexasilver clusters at the M(2) site and that of the vacancy at the S(2) site. This relationship further substantiates the charge balance substitution mechanism of S-deficiency tetrahedrites: 6M(2)Ag++S(2)S2-= M(2)[Ag6]4++S(2)□.
Validation and analysis of the Polair3D v1.11 chemical transport model over Quebec
Authors: Yamanouchi Shoma , Gamage Shayamilla Mahagammulla , Torbatian Sara , Zalzal Jad , Minet Laura , Smargiassi Audrey , Liu Ying , Liu Ling , Azargoshasbi Forood , Kim Jinwoong , Kim Youngseob , Yazgi Daniel , Hatzopoulou Marianne
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Air pollution is a major health hazard, and while air quality overall has been improving in industrialized nations, pollution is still a major economic and public health issue, with some species, such as ozone (O3), still exceeding the standards set by governing agencies. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are valuable tools that aid in our understanding of the risks of air pollution both at local and regional scales. In this study, the Polair3D v1.11 CTM of the Polyphemus air quality modeling platform was set up over Quebec, Canada, to assess the model's capability in predicting key air pollutant species over the region, at seasonal temporal scales and at regional spatial scales. The simulation by the model included three nested domains, at horizontal resolutions of 9 km by 9 km and 3 km by 3 km, as well as two 1 km by 1 km domains covering the cities of Montréal and Québec. We find that the model captures the spatial variability and seasonal effects and, to a lesser extent, the hour-by-hour or day-to-day temporal variability for a fixed location. The model at both the 3 km and the 1 km resolution struggled to capture high-frequency temporal variability and showed large variabilities in correlation and bias from site to site. When comparing the biases and correlation at a site-wide scale, the 3 km domain showed slightly higher correlation for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO), while ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and PM2.5 showed slight increases in correlation at the 1 km domain. The performance of the Polair3D model was in line with other models over Canada and comparable to Polair3D's performance over Europe.
Study on cutting temperatures of SiCp ∕ Al composites for ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting
Authors: Wu Qingling , Zhai Shuaijie , Du Yongsheng , Yan Dong , Yang Yakun
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In order to deeply understand the cutting mechanism of SiCp / Al in ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning, a prediction model of a cutting temperature field of SiCp / Al composites in UVAC (ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting) was established. A theoretical model of instantaneous cutting depth and transient shear angle was established considering the real-time changing cutting depth, tool front angle and shear angle characteristics of UVAC. The relationship between cutting speed, shear speed and chip flow speed in UVAC processes is revealed, as well as the shear force and the front cutter friction force. Finally, the influence of heat generated by the heat source zone and shear heat source zone on the temperature rise was calculated, and the temperature field model was established. The experiment of processing SiCp / Al composites by UVAC was carried out. SiCp / Al composites with 25 % volume fraction were turned, and the cutting temperature data were measured and recorded by an infrared thermal imaging device. The cutting speed, cutting depth and feed rate were tested by a single factor, and the changes in cutting temperature under different parameters were compared. Finally, the experimental data were compared with the theoretical values to verify the validity of the theoretical model.
Analysis of transporter activity in an Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier cell model
Authors:   , Da Silva Chaves Juliana Cristina
Published: May 2024

This thesis investigates blood-brain barrier (BBB) transporter changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using stem cell models. It reviews BBB function in AD and successfully differentiates stem cells into BBB components. Findings suggest dysregulation of certain transporters in AD, potentially contributing to disease onset. This study also explores BBB inflammation's impact on transporter expression and suggests non-invasive modulation of transporter function as a therapeutic avenue. Additionally, it investigates inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure in stem cell-derived cells, indicating potential implications for COVID-19 manifestation.
The possible protective role of vitamin C on rat parotid gland exposed to mobile phone radiation
Authors:   Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt, Altaib Zainab , Sabbah W.S. ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Albrakati Ashraf ,   Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia, Abdelhady Ali ,   MBBCh, School of Medicine, Ain shams University; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA, Mostafa Abeer ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: May 2024

The widespread use of cell phones recently has raised interest in studying the safety of exposure to their electromagnetic waves. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective role of vitamin C (Vit. C) against the pathological effects produced by the relatively long duration of third-generation mobile phone radiation exposure in the parotid gland of male white albino rats. Also, to detect the expected recovery after 4 weeks of withdrawal by immunohistochemical, histopathological, and biomolecular studies. Forty male adult white albino rats were used in this study, equally divided into 4 groups of 10 rats in each group: Group I served as the sham control group; Group II was exposed to radiation by phone generator (2100 MHz) for 3 hours/day for 5 days/week for 6 weeks; and Group III was exposed to phone radiation similar to Group II and supplemented with Vit. C at a dose of 40 mg/kg for 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Group IV (withdrawal) was exposed to radiation as Group II, then left without intervention for 4 weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical, and the biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress within parotid tissue (malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), salivary total protein, and amylase activity). qRT-PCR for TGF, MMP2, NFKB, and TNF gene expression was performed in this study. Histological examination of the parotid gland in group II showed many histological changes, such as degenerative changes in the duct system, epithelial lining of the acini, interstitial space which. different collagen fibers and polysaccharides, blood capillaries, and nuclei. Also, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Ki-67 were aggravated. The statistical analysis showed that treating rats with vitamin C improved the parotid glands’ ability to secrete amylase activity and total protein. It also fixed the antioxidant. Inflammatory cytokines TNF, NFKB, and fibrotic marker TGF and MMP2 gene expression were significantly upregulated in the exposed group, which was restored nearly to the control group after Vit C supplementation. Long-term exposure to mobile radiation affected. the. secretory function and the histological structure of the parotid tissues. Vitamin C supplementation ameliorated these pathological effects.
Expression analysis of leptin in nephrogenesis and renal carcinogenesis
Authors:   Dept. of Pathology, SDM University, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India, Parmesh Priyanka , Sadashiv Roshni ,   Dept. of Anatomy, SDM University, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India, Dinesh U.S. ,   Dept. of Pathology, SDM College of Medical Sciences& Hospital, Dharwad, India, Bargale Anil ,   Dept. of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences& Hospital, Dharwad, India
Published: May 2024

The complex phenomenon of renal development involves several signaling molecules. Any alteration in the developmental process could largely influence the organogenesis, thus predisposing to several adulthood diseases. Leptin is a pleiotropic gene secreted by adipose cells. However, the purview of its actions is much beyond merely the extent of human adipose reserve. It regulates several cellular mechanisms such as cell proliferation, inflammation, vasculogenesis, and the production of collagen fibres. Further leptins are thought to play a putative role in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. The aim of thIS study was to investigate the localization of the protein in fetal and cancer kidney in an attempt to understand the role of the protein in fetal kidney development and in renal cancer. Leptin expression was evaluated by subjecting tissue sections from paraffin-embedded blocks of renal tissues (fetal, adult and cancer) to immunohistochemistry staining. The tissues were scored based on the staining pattern and percentage of immunoreactive cells. The tissues were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin stain before performing immunohistochemistry. The images were analyzed and photographed. Mild staining for leptin was observed in the tubules of fetal and adult kidneys. Mild to moderate staining was seen in membranes of renal cell carcinoma tissues. It appears such that leptin may not be a key factor or rather a temporary factor in the developmental process of the kidney. The low levels of leptin in normal adult renal tissues may be physiologically significant. The role of leptin in the renal cell carcinoma progression is sceptible.
Study of the Technology of Synthesis of Metal-Ceramic Material of the AlxFeySi System
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», N. Nazarbayev Avenue, 56, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, ANDREYACHSHENKO Violetta
Published: May 2024

The current stage of development of the metal products market dictates the need to search for new materials with an improved set of performance characteristics using high technologies and publicly available raw materials. One of the promising materials with an attractive set of properties is ceramics of the MeSi type (silicides). Materials from this group have high hardness and wear resistance. The study of alloys of the Al-Si system containing elements such as iron, copper, manganese is one of the promising areas in metallurgy and materials science. To solve the problem of improving the quality of aluminum-based parts, it was decided to use AlxFeySi composite ceramic material. In this work, using the principles of additive technologies, an experimental batch of metal-ceramic materials is obtained, which has a typical cast microstructure with a set of phases inherent in the system under consideration. It was found that the hardness of the resulting material is 541.7 Vickers units, exceeding the hardness of the steel-substrate by 2 times
Thermodynamic Modeling of the Smelting Process Low-carbon Ferrochrome Using Boron-containing Silicochrome
Authors:   Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute, Ermekov Street, 63, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, KIM Aleksandr , AKBERDIN Aleksandr ,   Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute, Ermekov Street, 63, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, SULTANGAZIEV Ruslan ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», N. Nazarbayev Avenue, 56, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, ZAJAKIN Oleg ,   3Institute Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Amundsen Street, 101, Yekaterinburg, Russia,, ADAMOVA Gulden ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», N. Nazarbayev Avenue, 56, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2024

The TERRA program for calculating multicomponent heterogeneous systems, based on the principle of maximum entropy, was used to study systems with a complex chemical composition, in which the task of numerical modeling is chemical and phase transformations play an important role. The effect of charge composition and temperature on the chemical and phase composition of melting products was studied, the degree of transition of charge elements into metal was determined, and optimal conditions for obtaining the alloy were found. The thermodynamic analysis of the ferrochromium production process showed that in order to approach the real process of low-carbon ferrochromium smelting, it is necessary to take into account the degree of silicon use by introducing oxygen into the working fluid to oxidize excess silicon according to the calculation. On the basis of the performed thermodynamic analysis, it is also shown that the choice of the process temperature (1750-1800°C and more) is associated with the kinetic conditions of melting, the melting temperature of the formed metal and slag. Therefore, it is expected that the presence of boron oxide, in addition to stabilizing slag from decomposition, will reduce its melting point, and the early appearance of the liquid phase due to low-temperature boron phases will ensure a shift in the reduction reactions of chromium with silicon to the low-temperature region. All these provisions will be implemented during high-temperature experimental work on the development of technological parameters.
The Influence of Technogenic Systems and Geological Periods on the Formation of Oil Radioactivity
Authors:   NPJSC «Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University», Aiteke bi Street, 29a, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan, YERMUKHANOVA Nurzhamal , SAMONIN Vyacheslav ,   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moscow Avenue, 26, Saint Petersburg, Russia, SULEIMENOV Nurlan ,   3NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», N. Nazarbayev Avenue, 56, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Dilyara Dilyara ,   NPJSC «Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University», Aiteke bi Street, 29a, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan, TASHIMOVA Aliya ,   NPJSC «Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University», Aiteke bi Street, 29a, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2024

The article describes the influence of technogenic systems and geological periods on the formation of radioactivity in oil. It is known that damage to equipment by natural radionuclides released during oil refining, processing, transportation has a significant impact on radioactivity in the oil deposit. The influence of the content of organoelements, hydrocarbons, sulfur in oil at different stages of geological development on radioactivity has been proven by scientists in their studies. The impact of metals, organoelement compounds, hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds contained in oil in studies of oil-contaminated soils, oil sludge of the Kumkol deposit is shown as a result of qualitative analysis with the mobile application «RD» and the spectrometer «Spectroscan mass». As a result of the study, it can be seen that high radioactivity is present in the sludge and soil with highly contaminated oil.
Preclinical diagnostics hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a child. Clinical observation
Authors: Olkhova E. B. , Soboleva V. O. , Fedoseeva M. M.
Published: May 2024

Hemolytic — uremic syndrome (HUS) is one of the most severe conditions in pediatric practice. Acute kidney failure (AKF), which is a component of HUS, requires the earliest diagnosis and emergency medical care. Most of the young patients suffer from diarrhea-associated (D+) HUS, so ultrasound marks of kidney injury very important for young patients with severe hemocolitis. In this article we present the observation of preclinical diagnostics AKF the child 2 years and 11 month old with hemocolitis, when HUS’s marks (such as structure’s changes of the renal parenchyma and critical changes of renal hemodynamics) were detected before clinical manifestation AKF. This observation is illustrated with echograms and accompanied by a brief review of the literature.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiomyopathy in Pediatric Oncology Associated with Increased Cardiac Output Due to the Influence of the Tumor Process: Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma, Neuroblastoma (Literature Review with Clinical Observations)
Authors: Sazhaev E. A. , Bugaeva V. Yu. , Shchelkanova E. S. , Tereshchenko G. V.
Published: May 2024

The condition of increased cardiac output is a state in which, in response to various pathological causes, there is a pathological activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic-adrenal systems, which overall creates a multifaceted, increased load on the heart, ultimately leading to heart failure. The cause of this condition may be arteriovenous pathological shunts, among which arteriovenous dural fistulas in glomus tumors (intracranial paragangliomas) occupy a special place. An arteriovenous fistula is a direct connection between an artery and a vein bypassing the capillary bed, creating a massive shunt from the high-pressure system to the low-pressure system, triggering a pathophysiological chain. In addition, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic-adrenal systems and direct myocardial damage can be caused by elevated levels of catecholamines in the blood in cases of adrenal paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma) and neuroblastoma. The condition of increased cardiac output is more often described in the literature using examples of clinical cases in adults, with significantly less literature data available in pediatric practice.
Possibilities of Computer Tomography in Preoperative Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment Planning of Juvenile Angiofibroma of the Nasopharynx and Skull Base
Authors: Krasnov A. S. , Levin P. A. , Vorozhtsov I. N. , Grachev N. S. , Tereshchenko G. V.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of work was to determine CECT characteristics of primary juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx and skull base (JNA), as well as determination of the paths of spread for the tumor, search for those of them, which are statistically significantly associated with surgical blood loss of subsequent treatment and search for ways to model possible blood loss on their basis.

Materials and methods. The data of 60 patients aged from 8 to 17 years were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were boys. The median age was 14 years. The median duration of the disease at the time of surgery was 7 months. The correlation between each of 45 evaluation criteria and intraoperative blood loss was determined for patients in the study group.

Results. CT characteristics of JNA were established. The factors, detected by CECT, statistically significantly influencing intraoperative blood loss in angiofibroma treatment were established. A method for modeling intraoperative blood loss based on imaging data was presented.

Conclusion. CT with contrast enhancement allows determining of characteristic radiological signs of JNA as well as its characteristics influencing blood loss during surgical treatment. Based on CT data it is possible to model blood loss potential during the JNA treatment.
Robot-assisted technologies in Microsurgery
Authors: Selianinov К. V. , Baytinger V. F.
Published: May 2024

Robot-assisted technologies are an important component of modern medicine, determining the quality of life of patients. Robot-assisted surgical techniques are among the top trends in the development of surgical specialties. The article briefly describes the history of the development of robot-assisted technologies in medicine and the possibilities of their use in reconstructive plastic microsurgery.
Viktor Ravilievich Latypov. To the 70th anniversary of birth
Authors: Еditorial Article
Published: May 2024

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Adenocarcinoma em pouch gástrico após 10 anos de bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux: um relato de caso
Authors: Zarelli Taiana Naila Mazaro , Heroso Moreira Paula , Cunha Fernanda Biasi da , Schoeler Ana Luisa , Bettini Solange dos Anjos Martins Cravo Fruet , Terabe Fabio
Published: May 2024

A obesidade é uma doença de alta e crescente prevalência em todo o mundo. O tratamento cirúrgico através do bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux (BGYR) é eficiente e duradouro no tratamento do excesso de peso e suas comorbidades associadas, auxiliando inclusive, na redução de incidência de neoplasias. Apesar disso, há raros casos na literatura de pacientes pós-cirurgia bariátrica com câncer esôfago-gástrico. A definição dos mecanismos associados a essas duas patologias é incerta, sendo recentemente um objeto de estudo. Neste artigo, realizamos uma revisão de literatura a respeito deste assunto e descrevemos o caso de uma paciente submetida a BGYR que, após 10 anos da cirurgia, desenvolveu adenocarcinoma no pouch gástrico.
O NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO EM DISCURSO:
Authors: Silva Francisco Vieira da , Magalhães Alberto Assis
Published: May 2024

O artigo analisa posicionamentos discursivos acerca do novo ensino médio, aprovado por meio da Lei n 13.415/2017, a partir do exame de enunciados presentes num vídeo de uma campanha publicitária do governo federal e em dez postagens do Twitter sobre o tema. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo descritivo-interpretativo de natureza qualitativa. As análises permitiram constatar a emergência de posicionamentos discursivos discrepantes: enquanto no discurso oficial do governo, apela-se para um dizer de celebração acerca dos impactos positivos do Novo Ensino Médio para a educação brasileira, nas postagens do Twitter, esboçam críticas a esse modelo, de modo a incitar estratégias de resistência.
ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E CAMBONAGEM:
Authors: Araujo Cinthia Monteiro de , Santos Pedro Vítor Coutinho dos
Published: May 2024

Este artigo tem como objeto de pesquisa o Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de História/PROFHISTÓRIA Rede Nacional visto como enquanto uma encruzilhada, onde um campo de potencialidades de encantamentos se faz presente. As principais fontes da pesquisa são conversas com professoras egressas do programa realizadas, no primeiro semestre de 2021, fazendo uso da conversa como metodologia de pesquisa. O trabalho é desenvolvido a partir da crítica decolonial ao ensino de história, dialogando com o aporte conceitual de uma epistemologia das macumbas proposta pelos autores Luiz Antônio Simas e Luiz Rufino. Conceitos como educação pelo dendezeiro, pesquisador cambono, cruzos, encantamento, garrinchamentos, culturas síncopes, além da Esse própria encruzilhada, são centrais para significar o PROFHISTÓRIA como espaço criativo de vida contra o desencante.
Ameaça humana à natureza:
Authors: Souza Grégori de , Brites Simone de
Published: May 2024

O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar as concepções de liberdade e responsabilidade de dois pensadores do mesmo período, que puderam vivenciar o progresso tecnocientífico e o avanço da exploração e destruição da natureza. A saber, Hans Jonas (1903-1993) e Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980). Para tal intento, começaremos por sopesar a concepção de liberdade de Sartre, seguindo por evidenciar como a responsabilidade se trata de uma face dessa liberdade. Posteriormente, analisaremos o conceito de liberdade na filosofia da vida de Jonas, terminando por demonstrar como esse conceito é indispensável para pensarmos uma ética da responsabilidade. Em resumo, trata-se de apontar como liberdade e responsabilidade se inter-relacionam na filosofia dos dois autores em questão e como isso é um chamado à responsabilidade da humanidade para com a vida humana e extra-humana do presente e do futuro.