bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can subduction initiation at a transform fault be spontaneous?
Authors: Arcay Diane , Lallemand Serge , Abecassis Sarah , Garel Fanny
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We propose a new exploration of the concept of spontaneous subduction, i.e., lithospheric gravitational collapse without any external forcing, at a transform fault (TF). We first seek candidates in recent subduction initiations at a TF that could fulfill the criteria of spontaneous subduction and retain 3 natural cases: Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM), Yap, and Matthew & Hunter. We next perform an extensive exploration of conditions allowing spontaneous gravitational sinking of the older plate in a oceanic TF using 2D thermo-mechanical simulations. Our parametric study aims at better deliminating the ranges of mechanical properties necessary to achieve the old plate sinking (OPS). The explored parameter set includes: crust and TF densities, brittle and ductile rheologies, and width of the weakened region around the TF. We focus on characterising OPS conditions in terms on (1) reasonable vs unrealistic values of mechanical parameters and (2) comparison to modern cases of subduction initiation in a TF setting. When modelled, OPS initiates following one of two distinct modes, depending mainly on the thickness of the overlying younger plate (YP). Asthenosphere may rise up to the surface above the sinking old plate provided that the YP remains motionless (verified for ages ≥ 5 Myr, mode 1). For lower YP ages (typically ≤ 2 Myr), the YP is dragged towards the OP resulting in a double-sided subduction (mode 2). When triggered, spontaneous OPS is extremely fast. The basic parameters to simulate OPS are the brittle properties of the shallow part of the lithosphere, controlling the plate resistance to bending, the distance away from the TF over which weakening is expected, and crust density. We find that all mechanical parameters have to be assigned extreme values to achieve OPS, that we consider as irrelevant. Furthermore, we point out inconsistencies between the processes and consequences of lithospheric instability as modelled in our experiments and geological observations of subduction infancy for the 3 natural candidates of subduction initiation by spontaneous OPS. We conclude that spontaneous instability of the thick OP at a TF evolving into mature subduction is an unlikely process of subduction initiation at modern Earth conditions.
Cardiac MRI use in the diagnosis of acute infectious myocarditis
Authors: Wheat Heather , Hajjari Jamal , Sullivan Claire
Published: April 2019

Viral myocarditis is a prevalent disease amongst endemic nations. With increased opportunity of travel, and warmer climates for arthropod-vectors to spread, infectious myocarditis incidence is likely to rise as well. Acute manifestations of myocarditis include fevers, generalized weakness, myalgias, and arthralgias. While death is rare, long-term morbidity related to acute complications plus chronic cardiac structural changes can occur. No current guidelines for long-term myocarditis follow-up and designated treatment strategies exist, and future work in these areas is required.
Modernising English Land Law - Part 2
Authors: McBain Graham
Published: April 2019

Modernising English Land Law - Part 2
Naar een nieuwe selectiviteitstoets in het staatssteunrecht
Authors: Knook A.D.L.
Published: April 2019

Naar een nieuwe selectiviteitstoets in het staatssteunrecht

Op grond van artikel 10 lid 1 VWEU is slechts sprake van staatssteun indien bepaalde ondernemingen of bepaalde producties worden begunstigd. In de praktijk wordt al snel aangenomen dat aan dit selectiviteitscriterium wordt voldaan. Uit twee ontwikkelingen sinds eind 2016 in de jurisprudentie over dit criterium volgt echter dat deze aanname relativering behoeft. In dit artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de vraag welke gevolgen deze twee ontwikkelingen in de praktijk (kunnen) hebben.

HvJ 14 januari 2015, zaak C-518/13, Eventech, ECLI:EU:C:2015:9.

HvJ 21 december 2016, zaak C-524/14 P, Lübeck, ECLI:EU:C:2016:971.

HvJ 20 december 2017, zaak C-70/16 P, Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia en Retegal/Commissie, ECLI:EU:C:2017:1002.
Thermal and long period stability of series of V(V), V(IV) and V(III) complex with Schiff base ligands in solid state
Authors: Szklarzewicz Janusz , Jurowska Anna , Hodorowicz Maciej , Gryboś Ryszard
Published: April 2019

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of three new complexes of vanadium at +5, +4 and +3 oxidation state are described and discussed. The octahedral surrounding of vanadium for V(III) complexes of [V(L1)(HL1)] general formula is filled with two ONO tridentate ligand L, for V(IV) one ONO ligand L, oxido ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as a co-ligand are presented in complexes of [VO(L2)(phen)]. For V(V) the complexes of [VO2(L1)(solv)] type were formed. As ligands, the H2L Schiff bases were formed in reaction between 5-hydroxysalcylaldehyde and phenylacetic hydrazide (H2L1) and 3,5-dichlorosalicyaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide (L2). The magnetic moment measurements, in 8 year period, show, that V(III) complexes slowly oxidise to V(IV) with preservation of the nonoxido character of the complexes, while V(IV) complexes were found to be stable. The TG and SDTA measurements indicate, that thermal stability depends mainly on the oxidation state of vanadium. The less thermally stable are the V(V) complexes, while V(IV) and V(III) are stable up to ca. 200oC. In solution, at pH 2 (similar to that in human digestion system), again the V(IV) are the most stable, only at pH 7.0 V(III) complexes had higher stability. The most stable, thus best for pharmaceutical use, are V(IV) complexes.
Como docentes da UFRN abordaram o tema deficiência em pesquisa e extensão dez anos antes das cotas?
Authors: Silva Bruno Santana da , Andrade Adja Ferreira de
Published: April 2019

Os resultados dos movimentos sociais para a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência na sociedade chegaram à educação superior. As instituições federais de ensino superior (IFES) passam por um grande marco com modificações na lei de cotas, que a partir da seleção anual de 2018 reserva vagas para as pessoas com deficiência. As barreiras atitudinais dos docentes são um dos principais desafios que estes discentes vão enfrentar nas IFES, pois trazem impactos pedagógicos e administrativos. A continuidade da inclusão de pessoas com deficiência no ensino superior precisa buscar maneiras de eliminar as barreiras atitudinais dos docentes. Neste contexto, é relevante investigar experiências bem-sucedidas de IFES para orientar o enfrentamento destas barreiras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como a cultura de inclusão evoluiu na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte nos dez anos antes da lei de cotas (2008-2017), sob a perspectiva da participação docente em projetos de pesquisa e extensão relacionados com o tema deficiência. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo documental de todos projetos registrados no sistema computacional de gestão acadêmica da universidade. Colaboração entre docentes e interdisciplinaridade foram as principais características da evolução dos projetos de pesquisa e de extensão relacionados com o tema deficiência na universidade. Estas características parecem ter tido papel importante na eliminação de barreiras atitudinais e na disseminação da cultura de inclusão em pesquisa e extensão. Como consequência, quase todos os centros se envolveram com estes projetos, com uma grande variedade de temas e deficiências abordadas.
Metacognição e a experimentação investigativa: a construção categorias interativa dialógicas
Authors: Rocha Carlos Jose Trindade da , Malheiro João Manoel da Silva
Published: April 2019

Metacognição na experimentação investigativa é um processo que envolve conhecimentos procedimentais e atitudinais necessários para a formação crítica científica. A experimentação investigativa (EI) como abordagem didática, pode desenvolver nos alunos a alfabetização científica, potencializando a metacognição. Nessa perspectiva, objetivou-se apresentar proposições de instrumento de análise com potencial metacognitivo com foco nas interações discursivas originadas de atividades experimentais investigativas realizadas em um Clube de Ciências. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa concebe a pesquisa participante, para o desenvolvimento de práticas epistêmicas com formas interativas mais gerais do processo discursivo baseadas na metacognição. A tal efeito, o instrumento possibilita aplicação e análise de categorias e intervenção pedagógica em sequências de ensino investigativo (SEI), através da resolução de problemas reais. A definição de categorias contribui para compreender que o trabalho pedagógico deve acontecer de maneira interativa e colaborativa, a fim de analisar o entendimento da complexa dinâmica envolvendo os processos interativos dialógicos que têm motivado o desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas ao discurso entre professores e alunos, e seu impacto na condução de argumentações no contexto do ensino de Ciências.
«Tractados de pazes, aliança e concordia entre as duas coroas de Portugal e Inglaterra», un cartulario realizado a comienzos del siglo XV para consolidar el Tratado de Windsor entre los reinos de Inglaterra y Portugal (1386), la alianza permanente más prolongada de la historia = «Tractados de pazes, aliança e concordia entre as Duas coroas de Portugal e Inglaterra», a Cartulary Made at the Onset of the Fifteenth Century to Consolidate the Treaty of Windsor between the Kingdoms of England and Portugal (1386), The Longest Permanent Alliance in ...
Authors: Vigil Montes Néstor
Published: April 2019

El cartulario titulado Tractados de pazes, aliança e concordia entre as duas coroas de Portugal e Inglaterra y custodiado en el fondo Gavetas del Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo es el ejemplo más temprano conocido destinado a conservar los documentos referentes a las relaciones entre dos reinos, por lo que es importante explicar la evolución del concepto de cartulario. A través del análisis de sus elementos externos (estudio codicológico y paleográfico), de la estructura de su contenido (organización de los documentos en el códice y análisis de las tipologías documentales) y de la biografía de su redactor Antão Martins, hemos podido obtener conclusiones sobre el contexto de redacción. El cartulario fue elaborado en los años finales de la primera década del siglo XV, lo que coincide con un momento de gran intensidad en las relaciones anglo-lusas al producirse las primeras consecuencias inmediatas a la celebración de la alianza permanente del Tratado de Windsor de 1386.AbstractThe cartulary entitled Tractados de pazes, aliança e concordia entre as duas coroas de Portugal e Inglaterra and found in the Gavetas collection of the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo is the earliest known example aimed at preserving documents concerning diplomatic relations between two kingdoms. For this reason, it is important to explain the evolution of the concept of cartulary. It is possible to draw conclusions about the context of its elaboration through the analysis of its external elements (a codicological and paleographical study), the structure of its contents (organization of documents in the codex and the analysis of document typologies), and the biography of its material author, Antão Martins. We can assert that the cartulary was elaborated in the final years of the first decade of the fifteenth century, coinciding with a moment of great proximity in relations between the monarchies of England and Portugal, due to the initial consequences of the celebration of the permanent alliance established in the Treaty of Windsor of 1386.
Los hospitalarios y los monasterios en la Corona de Castilla durante los siglos XII y XIII = Hospitallers and Monasteries in the Kingdom of Castile during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
Authors: Barquero Goñi Carlos
Published: April 2019

La Orden del Hospital absorbió a varios cenobios que ya existían en la época anterior a su penetración en la Corona de Castilla. Se trataba de pequeños monasterios familiares de reducidas dimensiones. Más numerosos fueron los contactos que mantuvieron los freires sanjuanistas con grandes entidades monásticas por motivos puramente económicos. Muchas veces nos encontramos con enfrentamientos y pleitos en cuestiones específicamente materiales, preferentemente en el último cuarto del siglo XII y la primera mitad del XIII. Por regla general, se solucionaban gracias a concordias privadas. Usualmente, una sola avenencia resolvía todos los problemas de los hospitalarios con cada monasterio. También se presentan casos de algunos cenobios muy poderosos con los que hubo una sucesión de varios enfrentamientos. Los monjes cistercienses quizás parecen haber ocasionado especiales problemas a la Orden de San Juan.AbstractThe Order of the Knights of the Hospital absorbed several monasteries that already existed in the period prior to her introduction into the Crown of Castile. They were small family monasteries of limited size. Contact maintained by the Hospitaller brethren with large monastic entities for purely economic reasons were more common than with these smaller ones. Confrontations and lawsuits concerning specifically material issues took place primarily in the last quarter of the twelfth century and the first half of the thirteenth century. As a general rule, they were resolved by private agreements. Usually, a single deal solved all problems the Hospitallers had with each monastery. There are also cases of some very powerful monasteries with which there was a succession of confrontations. The Cistercian monks seem to have caused particularly serious problems for the Order of Saint John.
Notas bibliográfico-críticas de filología castellana medieval = Critical Bibliographical Notes on Medieval Castilian Philology
Authors: Abad Nebot Francisco
Published: April 2019

Los presentes párrafos indican fuentes primarias o secundarias acerca de la lengua y la  literatura castellanas medievales; se analizan las primeras, y se orienta acerca de las segundas. Se trata de mantener un punto de vista específicamente filológico y atento, por lo tanto, a lengua, literatura e historia.AbstractThe following study identifies primary and secondary sources of medieval Castilian language and literature: primary sources will be analysed, while secondary sources will merely be commented for future research. This article adopts a strictly philological approach and hence will focus on language, literature and history.
Reseña de: Galende Díaz, Juan Carlos-Ávila Seoane, Nicolás, El rodado regio hispánico: León y Castilla antes de la unificación (1157-1230).
Authors: Herrero Jiménez Mauricio
Published: April 2019

Reseña del libro: Galende Díaz, Juan Carlos-Ávila Seoane, Nicolás, El rodado regio hispánico: León y Castilla antes de la unificación (1157-1230). Córdoba (Argentina): Centro de Estudios Históricos «Prof. Carlos S.A. Segreti». Instituto de Estudios Históricos. UEDD CONICET, 2018, 835 págs. ISBN: 978-987-4126-04-7.
Reseña de: Santiago Fernández, Javier de, Política monetaria y moneda en el reinado de Carlos II
Authors: López Villalba José Miguel
Published: April 2019

Santiago Fernández, Javier de, Política monetaria y moneda en el reinado de Carlos II, Madrid, UNED / Ediciones Complutense, 2018, 296 pp., ISBN: 978-84-362-7353-3 (UNED); 978-84-669-3572-2 (Ediciones Complutense)
Reseña de: Tranchant, Mathias, Le ports maritimes de la France atlantique (XIe-XVe siècle). Volume I: Tableau géohistorique
Authors: Martín Pérez Fernando
Published: April 2019

Tranchant, Mathias, Le ports maritimes de la France atlantique (XIe-XVe siècle). Volume I: Tableau géohistorique, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes, 2017. 261 págs. isbn 978-2-7535-5533-4.
Dichotomy between urban and rural areas: statistical data may not reveal the synergy between these two existing spaces
Authors: Campos Washington Pereira , Da Silveira Marina Aparecida , Caliari Márcio , Wander Alcido Elenor
Published: April 2019

The gains in non-agricultural activities represents a new dynamic in rural Brazil and now has representation in Brazil from the 1990s. In this perspective, the Brazilian countryside is undergoing a reconfiguration, pointing to an intensification of the urbanization of rural areas, especially in peri-urban areas. The installation of industries in rural areas, the deployment of agribusinesses and food exporters and utilization of rural labor for those industries, are tying the stretches between urban and rural areas. Thus, rural households are increasing income through agricultural and non-agricultural activities. The rural environment is no longer exclusively agricultural. It went on to have a diversified productive base and integrated economy in the region. Since there is a growing rural human being mobility, as well as an improvement in communication and access to information and greater integration between markets reducing the dichotomy between urban and rural. On the other hand the expansion of the cultivation of sugar cane on a region can increase the (Gross National Product) GNP per capita of the region and enable an increase economical activity. Thus, the rural household pluri-activity can be an alternative to increase the income of these families as they, increasingly integrate with the local market. It is known that with rising incomes and improving the welfare of the rural population can reduce the rural exodus that became increasing in the country since the 1970s. However, in areas with predominantly or expansion of monoculture, as an example of cane sugar, may be an increased land concentration and a worsening of income distribution in a region, and to record an increasing in rural migration, Environmental degradation and reduced local production diversification. An analysis of several indicators, socio-economic and environmental, through the Dashboard of Sustainability is possible to tell which category has the highest rate of farmer sustainability, whether smallholders or monoculture. However, the secondary data available in Brazil today does not support a thorough analysis of the participation of each actor and to which the interconnection between the actors and their synergy in local economic activity. Since, given the narrowing between urban and rural, the statistical data available are not able to demonstrate the extent to which gives the rural-urban dichotomy. Thus, it is relevant to point out and discuss ways to provide consistent statistical data and be, in fact, able to demonstrate the local reality of a region within the welfare actors.
Overview of the Development of the Maritime Search and Rescue System in Croatia
Authors: Medić Dario , Gudelj Anita , Kavran Natalija
Published: April 2019

According to the Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, saving human lives at sea is the duty of all signatory states. This paper analyzes and gives an overview of previous research activities in search and rescue system at sea and how the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can improve search and rescue actions at sea. Research activities include development of the search system and placement of resources that are used in search and rescue actions (ships, planes etc.). Previous research is mainly related to minimizing response time when accidents at sea are detected in relation to search and rescue missions. Implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles into the search and rescue system enables improvement of these actions due to earlier detection and verification of accidents at sea and prevents unnecessary search and rescue units engagement in cases when an accident did not occur. The results of previous research point to the fact that future research should aim to explore the synthesis of unmanned aerial vehicles with the existing search and rescue system at sea in Croatia.
Comparison of Different Road Segmentation Methods
Authors: Ghadi Maen Qaseem , Török Árpád
Published: April 2019

In road safety, the process of organizing road infrastructurenetwork data into homogenous entities is called segmentation.Segmenting a road network is considered thefirst and most important step in developing a safety performancefunction (SPF). This article aims to study the benefitof a newly developed network segmentation method which is based on the generation of accident groups applying K-means clustering approach. K-means algorithm has been used to identify the structure of homogeneous accident groups. According to the main assumption of the proposed clustering method, the risk of accidents is strongly influenced by the spatial interdependence and traffic attributes of the accidents. The performance of K-means clustering was compared with four other segmentation methods applying constant average annual daily traffic segments, constant length segments, related curvature characteristics and a multivariable method suggested by the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). The SPF was used to evaluate the performance of the five segmentation methods in predicting accident frequency. K-means clustering-based segmentation method has been proved to be more flexible and accurate than the other models in identifying homogeneous infrastructure segments with similar safety characteristics.
Accessibility of Universal Postal Service According to Access Points Density Criteria: Case Study of Bjelovar-Bilogora County, Croatia
Authors: Mostarac Katarina , Kavran Zvonko , Rakić Estera
Published: April 2019

Universal service providers have an obligation to provide a minimum required set of postal services – known as universal service obligation. To ensure universal service obligation, regulatory measures (criteria) which service providers must fulfil are often set up. In this paper, a geographical analysis of these criteria is conducted using current regulatory framework in the Republic of Croatia as an example. Based on the framework of the gravity model, accessibility of postal service is presented. The goal of the proposed research is to investigate the application of the gravity model for determining postal service accessibility, with special emphasis on rural areas. To our knowledge, this method has not been used in previous studies to determine accessibility of postal services. The results of the applied model could be used in future planning of access density criteria with various transportation modes.
Model for Calculating Average Vehicle Mileage for Different Vehicle Classes Based on Real Data: A Case Study of Croatia
Authors: Pejić Goran , Bijelić Franjo , Zovak Goran , Lulić Zoran
Published: April 2019

Mileage data collected via surveys based on self-estimation, reports from garages and other sources which use estimations are rough estimates and differ greatly from the actual mileage. Vehicle mileage is a major factor in emission calculations and needs to be as accurate as possible to obtain reliable emission models. Odometer readings are collected annually at the periodic technical inspection in Croatia. Average mileage data were analyzed for vehicles up to 20 years of age in 2017. Vehicles were classified by curb weight and fuel type. Such classification proved to follow driver behavior and the intended purpose of the vehicle. For each vehicle class, the model was applied using the vehicle age and its population size as inputs for calculating average mileage. Real data shows that vehicles in Croatia considerably exceed the estimated mileage in the years following the first registration of the vehicle and that they cannot be compared to data collected in other studies based on estimations. The difference lies in the covered mileage after vehicles reach ten years of age. The outcome of this study has resulted in a model for calculating average vehicle mileage. The model is suitable for use in various analyses for Croatia or for countries with similar driving habits and economic status now and for years to come.
"Men det skjer ikke av seg sjøl likevel...". Utvidet brukerundersøkelse av det skolebaserte kompetanseutviklingsprogrammet SkoleVFL 1.0
Authors: Lund Øystein
Published: April 2019

Rapporten presenterer funnene fra en utvidet brukerundersøkelse blant lærere og skoleledere i grunnskole og videregående opplæring som har gjennomført det skolebaserte og nettstøttede kompetanseutviklingsprogrammet SkoleVFL. Hovedtema i kompetanseutviklingsprogrammet er "Vurdering For Læring" – at vurdering anvendes med sikte på å understøtte og styrke læringsprosessen. Kompetanseutviklingskonseptet som sådan består i at skoler som deltar får tilgang til et nettbasert kurs, og skolens ledelse har et hovedansvar for at kurset gjennomføres som en felles prosess der alle lærere ved skolen deltar.Rapporten bygger på spørreundersøkelser og intervju, og omfatter problemstillinger som: a) erfaring med implementering og gjennomføring på skolenivå b) observerte endringer i vurderings- og undervisningspraksis som tilskrives programmet, og c) læreres og skolelederes vurdering av dette kompetanseutviklingskonseptet som sådan.
Periodontal condition in growing subjects with Marfan Syndrome: a case-control study
Authors: Venza Nicolò , Danesi Carlotta , Contò Diego , Fabi Francesco , Mampieri Gianluca , Sangiuolo Federica , Laganà Giuseppina
Published: April 2019

Background

Marfan’s syndrome (MFS) is a systemic disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1. Orofacial characteristics may be useful in identification of the syndrome. Severe periodontitis is sometimes observed in MFS patients, but no in-depth information has been reported in Italian groups of growing subjects with MFS. The aim of this study was to analyze the periodontal condition on a group of growing subjects affected by MFS, in comparison with a typically developed control group.

Methods

A group of 16 subjects with diagnosed MFS were recruited from the Centre for Rare Diseases for Marfan Syndrome and Related Disorders of Tor Vergata University Hospital. The Marfan Group (MG) was compared with a Control Group (CG) composed by 20 nonsyndromic subjects. The periodontal clinical parameters like Marginal Gingival Thickness (GT), Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding On Probing (BOP) and Modified Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) were assessed.

Results

The mean value of PI in MG was 59%, instead in CG it reached 21%. Analysis showed a significant difference between MG and CG also for the BOP. In MG the mean value of BOP attained 36% and in CG it reached 16%. A statistical significant difference of distribution of PSR index between the two groups was found for all sextant examined.

Discussion

Patients with Marfan syndrome reveal a higher presence of plaque and consequently a generalized inflammation in the oral cavity when compared with a control group.
Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects of Honey with Standard Antibiotic on Bacterial Isolates from Wound Infection
Authors: Bunza N. M. , Kumurya A. S. , Isah A. A. , Abdul Azeez B. O. , Nafiu F.
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activities of the Honey against Ciprofloxacin on four bacterial isolates from a wound.

Study Design: It is a cross sectional comparative and observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto State, Nigeria between July 2017 and October 2017.

Methodology: One hundred and one (101) bacterial wound isolates were collected and identified using the standard microbiological methods of Gram staining and biochemical test. The activity patterns of the Honey concentrations and the standard antibiotic were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and Punched Holes techniques. Similarly, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the Honey were determined using Macrobroth dilution technique.

Results: Out of 101 isolates collected and identified, 33(32.7%) were Staphylococcus aureus, 29(28.7%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 21(20.8%) Escherichia coli and 18(17.8%) Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial activity of honey was observed at 100% and 50% concentrations for S. aureus (10.7±0.13 mm and 8.4±0.16 mm), P. aeruginosa, (11.0±0.45 mm and 7.6±0.26 mm) and E. coli, (11.1±0.61 mm and 7.5±0.55 mm) respectively. Comparison of the inhibitory zone diameters showed that Ciprofloxacin (30.65±0.37 mm) had higher antibacterial activity than the raw honey (10.45±0.51 mm).

The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of crude honey on S. aureus was 5%, P. aeruginosa 50%, E. coli 20%, and P. mirabilis 100%, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of crude honey on S. aureus was 50%, P. aeruginosa 100%, E. coli 100%, and P. mirabilis was resistant.

Conclusion: The result obtained from this study established that honey possessed antibacterial activity at 50% and 100% concentrations against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, which indicates that development of inhibition zones, depends on the concentration of the honey used as well as the nature of the tested pathogen. The findings also revealed that ciprofloxacin has higher antimicrobial activity than the type of honey used in this study.
Nutritional and Spectral Characteristics of Terminalia Plants
Authors: Chakradhari Suryakant , Rajhans Keshaw P. , Patel Khageshwar S. , Towett Erick K. , Martín-Gil Jesús , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: April 2019

Aims: Terminalia spp. is medicinal plants that belong to Combretaceae family, widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. In this work, the nutritional constituents of the leaves, seed kernel and seed coat from four Terminalia species (T. arjuna, T. bellirica, T. catappa and T. chebula) are reported.

Methodology: Polyphenol and flavonoid contents were analyzed spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride as reagents, respectively; mineral contents were quantified by using X-ray fluorescence; and the functional groups of the phytochemicals were investigated by infrared spectroscopy.

Results: The total concentration of 20 macro- and micronutrients and heavy metals (viz. P, S, Cl, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, As and Pb), and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the seed kernels ranged from 1754 to 65521 mg/kg, from 2150 to 51100 mg/kg and from 63 to 42300 mg/kg, respectively. Polyphenol and mineral contents for the Terminalia spp. seed coats and leaves were also determined. The enrichment in each of aforementioned elements with respect to the soil content was calculated. The vibrational spectra of the leaves and seed coats agreed with a composition rich in lignin, hemicellulose, cutin, pectin and flavonoids, while those of the seed kernels were in accordance with the presence of unsaturated oils, protein, and fiber.

Conclusion: Various parts of the four Terminalia species under study (T. arjuna, T. bellirica, T. catappa and T. chebula) featured high contents of nutrients and polyphenols needed for biological metabolism and human health. In addition, heavy metals were only present at traces level, indicating that these Terminalia plants would be safe for medicinal uses.
The Current Status of Veterinary Vaccinology: A Review
Authors: Mandado Teferi
Published: April 2019

This paper was done starting from February 2017 to July 2017 in Jimma University College of Agriculture and School of Veterinary Medicine. The suffering of different animal species from multiple infectious agents in and around the university leads us to be conscious and enabled us to write this scientific paper which can be acts as the source of information for Veterinary vaccinology. Louis Pasteur in the 19th century demonstrated the ability to protect chickens against fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) and thus demonstrated the benefit of vaccination in animals and paved the way for the development of the array of veterinary vaccines which are in use today. Since Pasteur’s work, vaccination against infectious disease have been used successfully to protect animals from many serious diseases some of which were also significant risks to humans. Veterinary vaccine has a parallel way of development in research and development of vaccines in the human field vaccinology today also. Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccine contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins. The general information concerning veterinary vaccination such as common vaccination, common methods of veterinary vaccination, principles of vaccination; standardization of veterinary vaccines, generation of vaccine, vaccine formulation, new approaches to veterinary vaccines and few other information were roughly reviewed from scientific journals, experiment results, proceedings, reference books and manuals. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the general current information of Veterinary Vaccinology and to give specific recommendations based on the facts obtained.
Biomass Production and Nutritional Efficiency in Eucalyptus Genotypes in the Pampa Biome
Authors: Guimarães Claudiney Do Couto , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Momolli Dione Richer , Souza Huan Pablo de , Ludvichak Aline Aparecida , Malheiros Angélica Costa
Published: April 2019

The objective of this work was to determine biomass production and nutritional efficiency in three eucalyptus genotypes in the Pampa Biome. For determination of biomass and nutritional characterization, nine medium trees per genotype were sampled, separated in the components leaf, branch, bark, wood and root. The nutritional efficiency of the biomass components was determined using the biological utilization coefficient (BUC). The highest biomass production and mean annual increment were observed in the Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid with 158 Mg ha-1 and 47.2 m³ ha-1, followed by Eucalyptus grandis with 137 Mg ha-1 and 39.7 m³ ha-1 and Eucalyptus dunnii with 122 Mg ha-1 and 23.2 m³ ha-1. For wood, the best nutritional efficiency was provided by Eucalytpus urograndis for P, Ca, and Mn, followed by Eucalytpus grandis for N and Mg, and Eucalytpus dunnii for K.
Productivity and Nutrient Supply in ‘Gigante’ Cactus Pear with Regulated Deficit Irrigation Using Wastewater
Authors: De Souza José Alberto Alves , Santos Delfran Batista dos , Camelo Thaís Carvalho , Dos Reis Giliarde Alves , Cotrim Carlos Elízio
Published: April 2019

Aims: To evaluate productivity and nutrient supply in 'Gigante' cactus pear with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) using wastewater, compared to RDI using common water and fertilization with bovine manure.

Study Design: Treatments: no fertilization and no irrigation (T1); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (0.6 L plant-1 week-1) (T2); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, applied once a week) (T3); no fertilization and RDI with wastewater (1.2 L plant-1 week-1, divided into two applications per week) (T4); with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and RDI with common water (1.2 L plant-1 week-1) (T5); and with organic fertilization (60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure) and no irrigation (T6). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out between October 2015 and August 2017 at Instituto Federal Baiano, Guanambi Campus, Brazil.

Methodology: Productivity of green and dry matter, amount of macro and micronutrients applied in the soil by wastewater and by organic fertilizer, macro and micronutrient contents present in the cladodes tissues, and macro and micronutrient contents in the soil were evaluated. The wastewater used was collected in the stabilization pond of the campus.

Results: Green matter yield was significantly higher in irrigated treatments. Regarding dry matter, its value was higher in T5 and it did not differ statistically in the others.

Conclusions: RDI, using common water, provided a yield of green matter 2.47 times higher than in non-irrigated treatment with the same fertilization; in the absence of organic fertilization, RDI, using wastewater, provided a yield of green matter 1.96 times higher than in non-irrigated treatment; in the absence of irrigation, organic fertilization does not provided a yield higher than in non-fertilized treatment; and the contribution of N, K, Cu, Zn and Mn only by the wastewater is not enough to sustain the crop's productivity in the long term.
Investigating the Optimal Day for Nitrogen Fertilization on Piatã palisadegrass and Quênia guineagrass after Defoliation
Authors: De Faria Dayana Aparecida , Dallabrida Avelino Anne Caroline , Avelino Cabral Carlos Eduardo , De Abreu Joadil Gonçalves , De Barros Lívia Vieira , Avelino Cabral Carla Heloisa , Valiati Dantas Victor Gustavo , Guarnieri Simone Francieli , Neto Arthur Behling , Barros Assis Lucas Matheus
Published: April 2019

Considering that nitrogen is the main macronutrient limiting pasture productivity, the aim of this study was to investigate the most appropriate day for nitrogen fertilization of the grasses Brachiaria brizantha BRS Piatã and Panicum maximum BRS Quênia. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the city of Rondonópolis, located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, using a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of five nitrogen fertilization periods: 0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 days after defoliation. The dry mass of the leaf blade (DMLB), dry mass of stem + sheath (DMSS), dry mass of residue (DMRES) and root dry mass (RDM) were evaluated. The non-structural carbohydrate of the grass roots was also quantified. The later nitrogen fertilization after defoliation reduced DMLB (P< .01) and DMSS (P< .01) of the BRS Piatã palisadegrass, and DMRES of both grasses (P< .01). Higher levels of water soluble carbohydrates were observed when nitrogen fertilization was performed on grass cutting (day 0). Nitrogen fertilization of the BRS Piatã palisadegrass close the time of defoliation is recommended. For Quênia guineagrass, nitrogen can be applied between the cutting day and the eighth day after defoliation. For the root system, there is a higher content of water soluble carbohydrates in the BRS Piatã palisadegrass and greater accumulation of starch in the BRS Quênia guineagrass.
Agronomic Characteristics, Chemical Composition and In vitro Gas Production of Sugarcane Cultivars (Saccharum spp.) for Feeding Ruminants
Authors: Dos Reis Rafael Henrique Pereira , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves de , Almeida Roberto Giolo de , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Cabral Carlos Eduardo Avelino , Barros Livia Vieira de , Cabral Carlos Eduardo Avelino , Neto Arthur Behling , Matter Edegar , Royer Patricia Orlando , Herrera Dayenne Mariane , Farias Joana De Medeiros
Published: April 2019

The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars used in ruminant feed. The experimental design was a randomized block containing seven treatments and three replications totaling 21 plots. The cultivars RB835436, RB925211, RB925345, RB937570, RB945961, RB955970 e SP91-1049 was evaluated for dry matter, dry matter yield, stalk percentage, stalk tons per hectare, plant height, stalk diameter, number of tillers per linear meter, mass per stem, soluble solids content (BRIX), NDF/BRIX ratio and tons of sucrose/ha, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy and in vitro digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent, of digestion and In vitro gas production of non-fibrous carbohydrates, latency time, digestion rate and gas production of fibrous carbohydrates, and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. There was a significant difference between the cultivars regarding the neutral detergent fiber content, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, net energy, degradation rates of fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates and latency period. There was a negative correlation between stem percentage and NDF/BRIX and positive correlation between in vitro digestibility of organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and mean test by Scott-Knott and Pearson's correlation analysis. The statistical program used was SAEG 2000. The RB835486 variety was superior to the other cultivars, as it presented 93.28% of stem, 57.5% of in vitro digestibility of organic matter, NDF / BRIX ratio of 2.68, 43.78% NDF, latency period 2.86h and fibrous carbohydrate degradation rate of 2.26% per hour. Therefore, this cultivar was better indicated for animal feeding between May and July in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Psychometric Properties of Iranian Man Spousal Abuse Questionnaire
Authors: Ghahari Shahrbanoo , Fallah Maryam Yeke , Zarghami Mehran , Viesy Fatemeh , Ghayoomi Raoofeh , Davoodi Reza , Talemi Abouzar Nouri
Published: April 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to examine psychometric properties of   Iranian Man spousal Abuse Questionnaire.

Methodology: This descriptive study was carried out within two steps using combined method including qualitative steps. Authors performed deep interview and determined the focused group of men’s spouse abuse concept then designed the questionnaire using phenomenology method. At second step, psychometric properties of questionnaire were addressed using exploratory factor analysis, validity of instrument and internal consistency. Statistical population consisted of married men living in Alborz and Tehran in Iran in 2017 who had referred to couple therapy clinics complaining about marital problems; 7 psychologists working in these centers also participated in this study.  400 married men living in Alborz were selected using convenient sampling method; these members filled the man abuse questionnaire out.

Results: According to the results obtained from the 50-item questionnaire that measures 5 dimensions of men’s domestic violence including active aggression and sexual abuse, verbal abuse and negligence, emotional and verbal abuse, passive aggression and domination, these 5 factors could explain 67.05% of total variance. Moreover, the obtained Cronbach’s alpha (0.98) for all questions indicated high internal consistency of questions.

Conclusion: Findings show that the questionnaire of domestic violence against men made it possible to evaluate various dimensions of domestic violence against men using 5 factors and it is a suitable instrument to assess men’ domestic violence in Iranian community considering results obtained from validity and reliability calculation.
Evaluating Sampling Designs for Assessing the Accuracy of Cropland Extent Maps in Different Cropland Proportion Regions
Authors: Yadav Kamini , Congalton Russell G.
Published: April 2019

The GFSAD30m cropland extent map has been recently produced at a spatial resolution of 30m as a part of NASA MEaSUREs’ Program Global Food Security Data Analysis (GFSAD) project. Accuracy assessment of this GFSAD30m cropland extent map was initially performed using an assessment strategy involving a simple random sampling (SRS) design and an optimum sample size of 250 for each of 72 different regions around the world. However, while statistically valid, this sampling design was not effective in regions of low cropland proportion (LCP) of less than 15% cropland area proportion (CAP).

The SRS sampling resulted in an insufficient number of samples for the rare cropland class due to low cropland distribution, proportion, and pattern. Therefore, given our objective of effectively assessing the cropland extent map in these LCP regions, the use of an alternate sampling design was necessary. A stratified random sampling design was applied using a predetermined minimum number of samples followed by a proportional distribution (i.e., SMPS) for different cropland proportion regions to achieve sufficient sample size of the rare cropland map class and appropriate accuracy measures.

The SRS and SMPS designs were compared at a common optimum sample size of 250 which was determined using a sample simulation analysis in ten different cropland proportion regions. The results demonstrate that the two sampling designs performed differently in the various cropland proportion regions and therefore, must be selected according to the cropland extent maps to be assessed.
Hydrocarbon Potential of the Disang Group of Rocks of the Inner Paleogene Fold Belt of Assam-Arakan Basin Exposed along the Dimapur-Senapati Road Section of Nagaland and Manipur, India
Authors: Gogoi Mousumi , Phukan Sarat
Published: April 2019

Carbonaceous shales of the Upper Disang Formation of the Inner Paleogene Fold Belt of Assam-Arakan Basin, exposed along the Dimapur-Senapati road section of Nagaland and Manipur states of India have been studied for interpreting hydrocarbon potential. The Upper Disang Formation is mostly composed of alteration of shales, sandstones and siltstones. The shales are black coloured and splintery in nature. The shales and associated sandstones show sedimentary structures like bioturbation, cross bedding and ripple marks indicating shallow water origin. The shales contain appreciable amount of pyrites indicating marine influence in the depositional basin. The average TOC of the carbonaceous shale samples is 0.53% indicating poor generative potential. The poor generative potential of the formation is also supported by low S1 (average 0.04 mg/gTOC), S2 (average 0.16 mg/gTOC) and HI (average 36 mg/gTOC). The organic matters are represented dominantly by Type IV kerogens (inertinite) with subordinate amount of Type III kerogens (vitrinite) as shown by both Rock Eval parameters and organic petrography. The dispersed organic matters (DOM) are identified as semifusinite and collotelinite under the microscope. The organic matters are interpreted to be inert/post mature kerogens from the maturity parameters like Rock Eval Tmax (average 563°C), and mean vitrinite reflectance (average 2.0% in oil). The study indicates very poor hydrocarbon potential of the Upper Disang Formation of the Dimapur-Senapati road section.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Need Assessment Tool for Women with the Experience of Pregnancy Termination Due to Fetal Anomalies: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kamranpour Bahareh , Noroozi Mahnaz , Bahrami Massoud
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Fetal anomalies, especially when results in pregnancy termination, is a great challenge for pregnant women. Pregnancy termination can have a great physical, mental and social impact on women and their families. The aim of the present study is to explain the experience of women who underwent pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies and to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a specific tool to assess the needs of these women.

Materials and Methods: This protocol study has a sequential exploratory mixed methods design. The first phase is a qualitative study based on purposeful sampling among women with the experience of pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies and their spouses, midwives, gynecologists and forensic medicine specialists in Rasht, Iran. Data collection will be performed based on semi-structured interviews and record field notes. Data will be analyzed simultaneously using qualitative content analysis method. The draft of the need assessment of women with the experience of pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies questionnaire will be prepared based on the findings of the first phase as well as literature review. The questionnaire will then be finalized based on evaluations in an expert panel. The face and content validity as well as reliability of the questionnaire will be performed after generating questionnaire items. Construct validity will be assessed using the exploratory factor analysis through a descriptive cross-sectional study on women with the experience of pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies. Sample size will be calculated based on the required sample size for factor analysis for identifying the factors of the questionnaire. Therefore data will be collected from health and treatment centers based on convenience sampling. Data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Conclusion: The developed questionnaire in this mixed methods study can be used in the interventions, supporting and curative programs for women with the experience of pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies.