bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forging a Frailty-Ready Healthcare System to Meet Population Ageing
Authors: Lim Wee , Wong Sweet , Leong Ian , Choo Philip , Pang Weng
Published: November 2017

The beginning of the 21st century has seen health systems worldwide struggling to deliver quality healthcare amidst challenges posed by ageing populations. The increasing prevalence of frailty with older age and accompanying complexities in physical, cognitive, social and psychological dimensions renders the present modus operandi of fragmented, facility-centric, doctor-based, and illness-centered care delivery as clearly unsustainable. In line with the public health framework for action in the World Health Organization’s World Health and Ageing Report, meeting these challenges will require a systemic reform of healthcare delivery that is integrated, patient-centric, team-based, and health-centered. These reforms can be achieved through building partnerships and relationships that engage, empower, and activate patients and their support systems. To meet the challenges of population ageing, Singapore has reorganised its public healthcare into regional healthcare systems (RHSs) aimed at improving population health and the experience of care, and reducing costs. This paper will describe initiatives within the RHS frameworks of the National Health Group (NHG) and the Alexandra Health System (AHS) to forge a frailty-ready healthcare system across the spectrum, which includes the well healthy (“living well”), the well unhealthy (“living with illness”), the unwell unhealthy (“living with frailty”), and the end-of-life (EoL) (“dying well”). For instance, the AHS has adopted a community-centered population health management strategy in older housing estates such as Yishun to build a geographically-based care ecosystem to support the self-management of chronic disease through projects such as “wellness kampungs” and “share-a-pot”. A joint initiative by the Lien Foundation and Khoo Teck Puat Hospital aims to launch dementia-friendly communities across the island by building a network comprising community partners, businesses, and members of the public. At the National Healthcare Group, innovative projects to address the needs of the frail elderly have been developed in the areas of: (a) admission avoidance through joint initiatives with long-term care facilities, nurse-led geriatric assessment at the emergency department and geriatric assessment clinics; (b) inpatient care, such as the Framework for Inpatient care of the Frail Elderly, orthogeriatric services, and geriatric surgical services; and (c) discharge to care, involving community transitional care teams and the development of community infrastructure for post-discharge support; and an appropriate transition to EoL care. In the area of EoL care, the National Strategy for Palliative Care has been developed to build an integrated system to: provide care for frail elderly with advance illnesses, develop advance care programmes that respect patients’ choices, and equip healthcare professionals to cope with the challenges of EoL care.
Social Determinants of Health, Disaster Vulnerability, Severe and Morbid Obesity in Adults: Triple Jeopardy?
Authors: Gray Lesley
Published: November 2017

Severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes and the prevalence of severe obesity is increasing globally. To date, disaster literature has not considered severe and morbid obesity as a specific vulnerability, despite reports of people being left behind during disasters because of their body size, shape or weight. The complex causes of obesity are associated with the social determinants of health and one’s potential vulnerability to disasters. The absence of appropriate considerations may lead to people being exposed to disproportionate and potentially avoidable risk. The intersection of the social determinants of health, disaster vulnerability, severe and morbid obesity is explored. Previously identified vulnerable groups are also represented in severe and morbid obesity data. This poses the prospect for ‘triple jeopardy’ compounding the social determinants of health, disaster vulnerability and considerations with and for people with morbid obesity. When working to reduce disaster risk for vulnerable groups, the author proposes specific consideration is required to ensure ‘all-of-society engagement and partnership’ in an inclusive, accessible and non-discriminatory manner, to ensure no one is left behind.
Controlling the Molecular Weight of Lignosulfonates by an Alkaline Oxidative Treatment at Moderate Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure: A Size-Exclusion and Reverse-Phase Chromatography Study
Authors: Guizani Chamseddine , Lachenal Dominique
Published: November 2017

The molecular weights of lignosulfonates (LSs) are modified by a rather simple process involving an alkaline oxidative treatment at moderate temperatures (70–90 °C) and atmospheric pressure. Starting from LSs with an average molecular weight of 90,000 Da, and using such a treatment, one can prepare controlled molecular weight LSs in the range of 30,000 to 3500 Da based on the average mass molecular weight. The LS depolymerisation was monitored via reverse-phase and size-exclusion chromatography. It has been shown that the combination of O2, H2O2 and Cu as a catalyst in alkaline conditions at 80 °C induces a high LS depolymerisation. The depolymerisation was systemically accompanied by a vanillin production, the yields of which reached 1.4 wt % (weight percentage on LS raw basis) in such conditions. Also, the average molecular weight and vanillin concentration were correlated and depended linearly on the temperature and reaction duration.
3D ZnO/Ag Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering on Disposable and Flexible Cardboard Platforms
Authors: Pimentel Ana , Araújo Andreia , Coelho Beatriz J. , Nunes Daniela , Oliveira Maria J. , Mendes Manuel J. , Águas Hugo , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira
Published: November 2017

In the present study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) with a hexagonal structure have been synthesized via a hydrothermal method assisted by microwave radiation, using specialized cardboard materials as substrates. Cardboard-type substrates are cost-efficient and robust paper-based platforms that can be integrated into several opto-electronic applications for medical diagnostics, analysis and/or quality control devices. This class of substrates also enables highly-sensitive Raman molecular detection, amiable to several different operational environments and target surfaces. The structural characterization of the ZnO NR arrays has been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical measurements. The effects of the synthesis time (5–30 min) and temperature (70–130 °C) of the ZnO NR arrays decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been investigated in view of their application for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) molecular detection. The size and density of the ZnO NRs, as well as those of the AgNPs, are shown to play a central role in the final SERS response. A Raman enhancement factor of 7 × 105 was obtained using rhodamine 6 G (R6G) as the test analyte; a ZnO NR array was produced for only 5 min at 70 °C. This condition presents higher ZnO NR and AgNP densities, thereby increasing the total number of plasmonic “hot-spots”, their volume coverage and the number of analyte molecules that are subject to enhanced sensing.
Aminated Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Nanofibers for the Selective Removal of Pb(II) from Polluted Water
Authors: Morillo Martín Diego , Magdi Ahmed Mohamed , Rodríguez Mónica , García María A. , Faccini Mirko
Published: November 2017

Electrospun nanofibers have been successfully applied to remove toxic and carcinogenic contaminants such as heavy metals from polluted water. In this study, an efficient adsorbent based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanofibers was developed following a cheap, versatile and scalable process. PET nanofibers were first produced by electrospinning, and their surface was chemically functionalized using a simple aminolysis process. The capacity of the resulting material to adsorb Pb(II) from synthetic solutions was evaluated as a function of the contact time, pH, and initial metal ion concentration. The adsorbent system presented a quick kinetic adsorption, reaching an extremely high maximum adsorption capacity of about 50 millimol (mmol) of Pb(II) per gram of adsorbent system after just 30 min. Moreover, the effect of competing metal ions, such as Ni(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II), was studied at different molar ratios. Finally, when tested in continuous flow mode, aminated PET (APET) nanofibers were able to remove 97% of Pb(II) ions in solution, demonstrating their potential for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water.
Superelastic Graphene Aerogel/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/MnO2 Composite as Compression-Tolerant Electrode for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Lv Peng , Wang Yaru , Ji Chenglong , Yuan Jiajiao
Published: November 2017

Ultra-compressible electrodes with high electrochemical performance, reversible compressibility and extreme durability are in high demand in compression-tolerant energy storage devices. Herein, an ultra-compressible ternary composite was synthesized by successively electrodepositing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and MnO2 into the superelastic graphene aerogel (SEGA). In SEGA/PEDOT/MnO2 ternary composite, SEGA provides the compressible backbone and conductive network; MnO2 is mainly responsible for pseudo reactions; the middle PEDOT not only reduces the interface resistance between MnO2 and graphene, but also further reinforces the strength of graphene cellar walls. The synergistic effect of the three components in the ternary composite electrode leads to high electrochemical performances and good compression-tolerant ability. The gravimetric capacitance of the compressible ternary composite electrodes reaches 343 F g−1 and can retain 97% even at 95% compressive strain. And a volumetric capacitance of 147.4 F cm−3 is achieved, which is much higher than that of other graphene-based compressible electrodes. This value of volumetric capacitance can be preserved by 80% after 3500 charge/discharge cycles under various compression strains, indicating an extreme durability.
Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Jamilian Mehri , Foroozanfard Fatemeh , Rahmani Elham , Talebi Maesoomeh , Bahmani Fereshteh , Asemi Zatollah
Published: November 2017

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the metabolic profiles of insulin-resistant subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 90 insulin-resistant women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups to intake either 4000 IU of vitamin D or 1000 IU of vitamin D or placebo (n = 30 each group) daily for 12 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation (4000 IU), compared with vitamin D (1000 IU) and placebo, led to significant reductions in total testosterone (−0.2 ± 0.2 vs. −0.1 ± 0.6 and +0.1 ± 0.2 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.02), free androgen index (FAI) (−0.06 ± 0.12 vs. −0.02 ± 0.12 and +0.004 ± 0.04, respectively, p = 0.04), hirsutism (−1.1 ± 1.1 vs. −0.8 ± 1.2 and −0.1 ± 0.4, respectively, p = 0.001) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−0.7 ± 1.4 vs. −0.5 ± 0.9 and +0.5 ± 2.4 mg/L, respectively, p = 0.01). In addition, we found significant elevations in mean change of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (+19.1 ± 23.0 vs. +4.5 ± 11.0 and +0.7 ± 10.4 nmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+130 ± 144 vs. +33 ± 126 and −36 ± 104 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001) in the high-dose vitamin D group compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo groups. Overall, high-dose vitamin D administration for 12 weeks to insulin-resistant women with PCOS had beneficial effects on total testosterone, SHBG, FAI, serum hs-CRP and plasma TAC levels compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo groups.
Low-Cost Carbon Fillers to Improve Mechanical Properties and Conductivity of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Khan Aamer , Savi Patrizia , Quaranta Simone , Rovere Massimo , Giorcelli Mauro , Tagliaferro Alberto , Rosso Carlo , Jia Charles
Published: November 2017

In recent years, low-cost carbons derived from recycled materials have been gaining attention for their potentials as filler in composites and in other applications. The electrical and mechanical properties of polymer composites can be tuned using different percentages and different kind of fillers: either low-cost (e.g., carbon black), ecofriendly (e.g., biochar), or sophisticated (e.g., carbon nanotubes). In this work, the mechanical and electrical behavior of composites with biochar and multiwall carbon nanotubes dispersed in epoxy resin are compared. Superior mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, strain at break) were noticed at low heat-treated biochar (concentrations 2–4 wt %). Furthermore, dielectric properties in the microwave range comparable to low carbon nanotubes loadings can be achieved by employing larger but manageable amounts of biochar (20 wt %), rending the production of composites for structural and functional application cost-effective.
Aging Detection of Electrical Point Machines Based on Support Vector Data Description
Authors: Sa Jaewon , Choi Younchang , Chung Yongwha , Lee Jonguk , Park Daihee
Published: November 2017

Electrical point machines (EPM) must be replaced at an appropriate time to prevent the occurrence of operational safety or stability problems in trains resulting from aging or budget constraints. However, it is difficult to replace EPMs effectively because the aging conditions of EPMs depend on the operating environments, and thus, a guideline is typically not be suitable for replacing EPMs at the most timely moment. In this study, we propose a method of classification for the detection of an aging effect to facilitate the timely replacement of EPMs. We employ support vector data description to segregate data of “aged” and “not-yet-aged” equipment by analyzing the subtle differences in normalized electrical signals resulting from aging. Based on the before and after-replacement data that was obtained from experimental studies that were conducted on EPMs, we confirmed that the proposed method was capable of classifying machines based on exhibited aging effects with adequate accuracy.
Autophagy in Measles Virus Infection
Authors: Rozières Aurore , Viret Christophe , Faure Mathias
Published: November 2017

Autophagy is a biological process that helps cells to recycle obsolete cellular components and which greatly contributes to maintaining cellular integrity in response to environmental stress factors. Autophagy is also among the first lines of cellular defense against invading microorganisms, including viruses. The autophagic destruction of invading pathogens, a process referred to as xenophagy, involves cytosolic autophagy receptors, such as p62/SQSTM1 (Sequestosome 1) or NDP52/CALCOCO2 (Nuclear Dot 52 KDa Protein/Calcium Binding And Coiled-Coil Domain 2), which bind to microbial components and target them towards growing autophagosomes for degradation. However, most, if not all, infectious viruses have evolved molecular tricks to escape from xenophagy. Many viruses even use autophagy, part of the autophagy pathway or some autophagy-associated proteins, to improve their infectious potential. In this regard, the measles virus, responsible for epidemic measles, has a unique interface with autophagy as the virus can induce multiple rounds of autophagy in the course of infection. These successive waves of autophagy result from distinct molecular pathways and seem associated with anti- and/or pro-measles virus consequences. In this review, we describe what the autophagy–measles virus interplay has taught us about both the biology of the virus and the mechanistic orchestration of autophagy.
Le cheminement des controverses dans la globalisation néo-libérale
Authors: Fouilleux Ève , Jobert Bruno
Published: November 2017

La permanence d’un référentiel de politique publique n’est jamais garantie ; à tout moment il peut être confronté à des interprétations rivales menaçant son hégémonie. L’objet de cet article est de proposer un cadre d’analyse agonistique des politiques publiques, visant à saisir les controverses résultant de ces confrontations. Il pose que leur cheminement est conditionné par le régime de débat de politique publique en place, c’est-à-dire par la configuration et les articulations existantes entre les forums et arènes où se déroule le débat. À partir de ce cadre conceptuel, nous analysons le régime de débat de la globalisation libérale, caractéristique de la période contemporaine, qui promeut et organise une refonte anti-politique des arènes, la transnationalisation des forums de l’expertise et la marchandisation des forums scientifiques. Le régime de la globalisation néo-libérale offre des modalités spécifiques de canalisation des controverses, comme le dépaysement, le déminage discursif, et la concertation excluante, que nous illustrons par divers exemples. La canalisation des controverses permet au référentiel dominant de perdurer en intégrant des thématiques ou des formes institutionnelles nouvelles ; toutefois sous certaines conditions, des mobilisations peuvent déboucher sur des changements de référentiel.
Être dans une administration sans en être
Authors: Lecler Romain
Published: November 2017

Outre les diplomates de carrière sur lesquels l’essentiel de l’attention des chercheurs s’est portée, le ministère des Affaires étrangères envoie à l’étranger de nombreux autres agents qui ne sont d’ailleurs pas forcément fonctionnaires. C’est le cas des « attachés audiovisuels » étudiés dans cet article. Recrutés au sein du secteur audiovisuel, ils sont censés y retourner au terme de leur contrat. À cheval entre le public et le privé, ils incarnent un cas limite, dans un ministère très peu étudié sous cet angle, d’une « hybridité organisationnelle » qui serait caractéristique des nouveaux « métiers flous » des administrations « post-bureaucratiques ». « Petites mains » d’une diplomatie audiovisuelle au programme flou, ils se distinguent de leurs collègues diplomates par leur statut – fragile, leur spécialité – contestée – et leur carrière – peu codifiée, tout en bénéficiant des fortes rétributions financières et symboliques associées à l’expatriation diplomatique. Leur cas permet ainsi de repérer et d’analyser, à partir d’une catégorie « marginale » dans la diplomatie, de l’hétérogénéité de l’emploi public au sein d’un ministère régalien comme les Affaires étrangères.
L’influence de la culture sur les pratiques de MRH. Étude qualitative
Authors: Ferar Driss
Published: November 2017

Nous examinons à travers une littérature croisée non exhaustive, si l’influence de la dimension culturelle peut constituer un frein ou un levier de bonnes pratiques de MRH. Afin de cerner cette question problématique, nous avons adopté une méthodologie qualitative basée sur l’entretien semi-directif de quarante-cinq acteurs connaisseurs de la réalité de MRH dans les entreprises marocaines, que nous avons choisies dans divers secteurs d’activités socio-professionnels. Il découle, des résultats des représentations mentales des acteurs interrogés, un nouveau paradigme de gestion culturelle, appelé « révolution culturelle », qui cherche un positionnement entre discours théoriques et pratiques réelles.
Educational videos: After the why, the how
Authors: Rajadell Manuel , Garriga-Garzón Federico
Published: November 2017

Purpose: The introduction of educational videos into university education is an indisputable reality. Numerous scientific publications have outlined the advantages to students: flexibility, motivation, encouraging self-learning, lower costs, etc. The aim of this paper is to explore the steps required to make educational videos and highlight the need for educational institutions to provide teachers with the means to enable them to improve the quality of their multimedia material productions. Policies in this direction would help to improve the training of future professionals and enhance the opportunities offered by podcasts.Design/methodology/approach: A literature review and a survey have been conducted. Starting in the first semester of the academic year 2012-2013, a questionnaire has been applied systematically to students and the corresponding population parameters estimated with a 95% confidence level.Findings: Students consider educational videos as supplementary material which complement traditional methodologies and favour self-learning as well as offering flexibility at no additional cost. Teachers can produce their own high-quality multimedia material, which in turn requires a consistent evolutionary process in elaborating within the changing possibilities that information technologies offer.Originality/value: This work deals with the treatment of technical issues and based on our studies suggests the process to be followed by teachers when making educational videos. References to this subject in the literature were found to be somewhat limited.
La colonización rural con inmigrantes en Argentina a mediados del siglo XX: Un efímero impulso desarrollista alentado por el CIME
Authors: Redondo Carrero Emilio
Published: November 2017

La colonización rural con inmigrantes en Argentina suele considerarse un fenómeno circunscrito entre finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX. Las décadas posteriores de los cincuenta y los sesenta, por el contrario, son celebradas como la época de la industrialización. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar hasta qué punto aquella inmigración colonizadora estuvo presente en los planes del gobierno argentino a mediados de siglo, situar esos proyectos en un contexto internacional dominado por el fervor desarrollista, y analizar los resultados prácticos que, en tal sentido, produjo la cooperación con el Comité Intergubernamental para las Migraciones Europeas (CIME). Para ello, utilizaré sobre todo documentación primaria —tal como correspondencia oficial, informes y actas— procedente de la administración argentina y del mencionado Comité, además de recortes de prensa e información cuantitativa.
The Effect of an Open-Ended Design Experience on Student Achievement in an Engineering Laboratory Course
Authors: Cullin Matthew , Hailu Getu , Kupilik Matthew , Petersen Todd
Published: November 2017

This study explores the effect of incorporating an Open-Ended Design Experience (OEDE) into an undergraduate materials science laboratory taken by third-year mechanical engineering students. The focus of the OEDE was carbon fiber reinforced plastics and sandwich structures. The results indicate that the incorporation of OEDE’s in laboratory courses produces significant benefits in terms of student engagement, participation, and perception of competence. In addition, the OEDE was found to enhance students’ ability to apply related concepts as compared to non-OEDE lab activities. The authors conclude that the incorporation of OEDE’s can increase the effectiveness of engineering laboratory courses.
Le schisme luthérien de 1883 : orthodoxes contre libéraux
Authors: Vogler Bernard
Published: November 2017

Une grave crise éclate en 1882-1883 dans le luthéranisme alsacien, à la suite d’un conflit entre libéraux et orthodoxes. Les libéraux détiennent le pouvoir à Strasbourg, où le consistoire supérieur dirigé par Kratz encourage l’élection d’un pasteur libéral dans la paroisse commune des villages de Schillersdorf et Mülhausen. Les deux maires entrent en conflit, car Mühhausen est libéral et Schillersdorf orthodoxe. L’élection d’un nouveau conseiller par les deux villages ensemble aboutit à donner une majorité de trois voix sur cinq aux libéraux dans le conseil presbytéral, qui élit alors un pasteur libéral. Les autorités allemandes auraient voulu créer deux paroisses séparées, mais Kratz s’y oppose. Le schisme éclate alors à Schillersdorf, où une paroisse libre est créée et entraîne d’autres églises libres dans son sillage en Alsace, entre autres à Mulhouse. Il y a toujours deux paroisses luthériennes à Schillersdorf. Les pasteurs luthériens libres ont été en partie formés aux États-Unis par l’Église du Missouri. Aujourd’hui cette Église libre a des lieux de culte en Alsace du Nord, à Paris et en Belgique. (Bernard Vogler).
Raconter l’ivresse à l’époque mamelouke
Authors: Marino Danilo
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article nous nous demandons à quelle époque et comment le motif de mangeurs de haschich apparaît dans la littérature arabe de la période mamelouke (1250-1517) et comment ce motif se situe par rapport à l’anecdotique arabe classique. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuierons sur un corpus de textes recueillis dans la Rāḥat al‑arwāḥ fī al‑hašīš wa‑l-rāḥ du polygraphe syrien Taqī al‑Dīn Abū al‑Tuqā al‑Badrī (m. 894/1488), la plus complète anthologie d’écrits en prose et en vers inspirés par le haschich.
جريمة اغتصاب النساء في بلاد المغرب
Authors: محمود خالد حسين
Published: November 2017

The study aims at enlightening the crime of rape in the Maghreb from the Berber Revolution (122 h.) to the Arabs attacks (443 h.). The motives and causes of that crime varied according to the nature of the circumstances that pushed to commit it, and with the perpetrators’ and their victims’ personality; however, these motives show the context of security chaos, political turmoil and military conflicts that overcame Maghreb countries during that period. It was mostly related with the desire of taking vengeance from opponents and rebels, of humiliating them by violating their wives’ sanctity. The study found that rape did not become a ­criminal phenomenon, as the result of the spread of comfort women. It affected so negatively the victims’ psychology, that some of them dared to commit suicide in order to escape from a life of humiliation and scandal. The study establishes also that Maliki jurists were the most comprehensive in qualifying the crime of rape and scrutinizing its signs, the most insistent on the man’s behaviour, emphasising on his role in the event.
La traduction des littératures orales comme copie originale : l'exemple des contes berbères et de la geste hilalienne
Authors: Horchani Ines
Published: November 2017

Cet article décrit le rôle de la littérature orale dans l'identité nord-africaine. L'existence de cette littérature plurilingue, sa circulation, et sa mise par écrit qui correspond souvent à sa traduction, révèlent toute la multiplicité des identités au Maghreb. Ces textes sont donc à la fois des objets offerts au lecteur et des actes de résistance.
Quand les souris dînent au clair de lune et que les chats font des chiens : réflexions sur le statut de l’œuvre originale dans quelques albums traduits pour la jeunesse
Authors: Lévêque Mathilde
Published: November 2017

L’album pour enfants est un secteur dynamique de l’édition française, où nombre de publications proposées aux jeunes lecteurs sont des traductions. Quels sont les mécanismes et les processus qui, au-delà du clivage entre traduction et adaptation, peuvent conduire à la production de copies venant se substituer aux œuvres originales? L’album est en effet un objet littéraire et esthétique spécifique, articulant textes et images sur l’espace de la page. Objet iconotextuel, l’album est un objet matériel où format, dimensions, papier ou encore typographie sont porteurs de sens. L’album est aussi un objet sonore, supposant la mise en voix des mots voire des images, et un objet culturel, inscrit dans un contexte donné et précis. La traduction, aux prises avec ces quatre dimensions – iconotextuelle, matérielle, sonore et culturelle – peut ainsi conduire à la production d’albums nouveaux dont l’origine et l’original s’effacent, s’enrichissent ou jouent à se dissimuler dans le jeu des transferts culturels et linguistiques.
Étudier la transmission littéraire à l’ère du numérique : des grands écrivains à l’analyse des cocitations
Authors: Ferrer Carolina
Published: November 2017

Du point de vue théorique, cette étude se trouve au croisement de la sociologie de la littérature et de la scientométrie. Grâce à l’intégration de méthodes quantitatives et en s’appuyant sur la loi des grands nombres, cette recherche a pour objet l’analyse des cocitations entre des écrivains appartenant à différentes époques et latitudes. À travers la compilation de plusieurs indicateurs, il est alors possible de visualiser le réseau de relations entre les prédécesseurs, les successeurs et les écrivains contemporains, permettant ainsi de mieux comprendre le phénomène de la transmission littéraire. De plus, cet article est une démonstration de comment l’analyse des métadonnées constitue une approche novatrice qui implique un changement épistémologique en études littéraires.
PLA-HPC Fibrous Membranes for Temperature-Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Kumar Manish , Wengerowsky Dagmar , Böttcher Florian , Sindelar Ralf , Hytönen Vesa P. , Renz Franz
Published: November 2017

In this study, Polylactic acid and Hydroxypropyl cellulose (PLA-HPC) fibers were fabricated by electrospinning. Methylene blue (MEB), as a model hydrophilic drug was embedded into PLA-HPC fibrous membranes. SEM results depicted that fibers are smooth, cylindrical, uniform and it confirmed the incorporation of MEB in PLA fibers alter the fibers morphology. Studies show the on-demand release of drug from PLA-HPC fibrous membranes under temperature stimuli which were absent in membranes manufactured out of PLA. This can be attributed to reversible volume phase transitions of HPC molecules in response to applied external temperature. This study may provide more efficient strategies for developing materials with on-demand drug release capability.
A case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma in Thinprep cytology test
Authors: Nam Jong-Hee , Na Jongin , Kim Nah-Ihm , Kim Ga-Eon , Park Chang-Soo , Choi Yoo-Duk
Published: November 2017

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of uterine cervix is a rare malignancy with aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome even in its early stage. Few cytopathologic features of cervical LCNEC have been reported previously. A 57-year-old postmenopausal African American female, presented to the local health department with a chief complaint of heavy vaginal bleeding. A 45-year-old female presented with 20 months of vaginal pruritus and foul odor. Cervical malignancy was suspected by pelvis magnetic resonance imaging. Thinprep cytology test demonstrated ball-like tumor cell clusters in a necrotic background. Cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was rendered. However, the histologic and immunohistochemical examination of cervical biopsy revealed the LCNEC of the uterine cervix. Due to its rarity, LCNEC may pose a diagnostic challenge in cervical cytology. Cytopathologists should pay attention to the cytological features of cervical LCNEC, such as rosettoid pattern, nuclear molding, and thin nuclear membrane for differentiation from other mimics.
Cytokeratin 20/p53 dual immunocytochemistry for improving the diagnostic accuracy of urine liquid-based cytology in the detection of urothelial neoplasm: A retrospective study
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jung , Yoo Ji-Hyeong
Published: November 2017

Backgrounds:

Dual immunocytochemistry (DIC) with cytokeratin (CK) 20 and p53 in liquid-based cytology is a tool for improving the accuracy of urine cytology (UC). This study was conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of UC alone with that of UC combined with CK20/p53 DIC.

Methods:

We retrieved urine samples collected between January 2015 and March 2016 stored in PreservCyt®solution that were from cases categorized as malignant, highly suspicious, suspicious, and atypical and that were matched with a subsequent biopsy. We re-prepared 63 samples of 28 patients for DIC and blindly evaluated 63 pairs of original Papanicolaou smears and DIC.

Results:

Of the 63 samples, 11 could not be analyzed because of the low number of atypical urothelial cells, and the results of the remaining 52 samples were as follows: 34 positive and 18 negative. The positive predictive value of DIC was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 78%. Fifteen DIC-positive cases, histologically proven as malignant were originally diagnosed as highly suspicious (4), suspicious (8), and atypical (3), which were strongly suggestive of “urothelial carcinoma”. Four negative cases, histologically confirmed as non-neoplastic cases, were filtered from false positivity.

Conclusions:

Despite the small sample size, this study demonstrated the diagnostic utility, high sensitivity, and positive predictive value of CK20/p53 DIC, especially in cases with a small number of single malignant cells or cellular clusters of reactive atypical urothelial cells. Thus, CK20/p53 DIC can be used for improving diagnostic accuracy of UC, either as an ancillary method to cytology or as a part of a potential future diagnostic panel to improve patient diagnosis and management.
Cytotoxic and the proliferative effect of cuttlefish bone on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line
Authors: Vajrabhaya La-ongthong , Korsuwannawong Suwanna , Surarit Rudee
Published: November 2017

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic and the proliferative effect of cuttlefish bone on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line. Materials and Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0.5, 1, 5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 μg/ml cuttlefish bone powder (CBP). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. This assay was also used to determine cell proliferation over 16 days of treatment with 0.5, 25, or 100 μg/ml CBP. Results: CBP was not cytotoxic to MC3T3-E1 cells at any concentration. The percentage of cell viability in the 0.5–200 μg/ml CBP groups dose dependently decreased from 107.52 ± 11.03 to 92.48 ± 5.60%; however, the differences between the groups or the negative control group were not significant. At 16 days, 0.5, 25, and 100 μg/ml CBP groups showed 123.19 ± 10.07%, 126.02 ± 15.69%, and 133.33 ± 11.74% proliferation, respectively, that were significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that CBP promotes osteoblast proliferation and may be a potential material to increase the number of osteoblasts in a bone defect in the oral cavity.
Evaluation of intracanal acetazolamide in late reimplanted rat teeth
Authors: Perin Camila Paiva , Papalexiou Vula , Rodrigues Johann Aline Cristina Batista , Ribeiro Mattos Natanael Henrique , Westphalen Fernando Henrique , Ditzel Westphalen Vânia Portela
Published: November 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of acetazolamide combined with different agents as intracanal medication in late reimplanted rat teeth. Materials and Methods:In 100 Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups of 20, one of the following medications was used: Acetazolamide liquid (AL); AL with calcium hydroxide powder (ALHC); acetazolamide powder with AL; acetazolamide powder with physiological solution; and calcium hydroxide with physiological solution (control). At 30 and 60 days after reimplantation, the animals were sacrificed, tissues were processed, and cuts were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. An optical microscope was used to determine the following: percentage of inflammatory root resorption (RRI); percentage of substitute root resorption (RRS); and presence of ankylosis. The data obtained was submitted for statistical analysis. Results: Group ALHC had a significantly higher RRS than the control group at 60 days (P = 0.01). Group AL showed significantly less ankylosis than the other groups, including the control, at 30 days. AL showed results similar to those of the control group with respect to RRS. Conclusion:Acetazolamide has the potential to be an effective intracanal medication.
Smile esthetics: Impact of variations in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the maxillary lateral incisors
Authors: Al Taki Amjad , Hamdan Ahmad Mohammad , Mustafa Ziad , Hassan Mawada , Abu-Alhuda Sami
Published: November 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of trained dental professionals and laypersons toward the esthetic impact of variations in the vertical position, width, and gingival height of the maxillary lateral incisor. Materials and Methods: The present study analyzed the perspective of smile photographs by dental professionals such as “fifty orthodontics and fifty general dental practitioners (GDPs)” as well as fifty laypersons, consisting of an equal number of male and female participants. Photographs edited to depict alteration of golden proportion, incisal length, and gingival height of lateral incisor. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and determine the significant difference within all the participants, at 0.05% level (95% confidence interval). Results: There was no significant difference in ranking between the genders. Golden proportion of 62%–67% were ranked the highest by orthodontists, whereas GDPs and laypersons preferred 67%. Regarding gingival display, corrected height of −0.5 and −1 mm received highest ranking from all the three groups. In case of lateral incisal length, −0.5 mm was ranked highest by laypersons, in contrast to −1 mm by orthodontists and GDPs. Conclusion: Specific differences were observed in the ranking of smile esthetics by health-care professionals and laypersons. Golden proportion of 62% and 67% were ranked the highest by orthodontists, whereas GDPs and laypersons preferred 67%. Corrected gingival height of −0.5 and −1 mm received highest ranking from all the three groups. In case of lateral incisal length, −0.5 mm was ranked highest by laypersons, in contrast to −1 mm by orthodontists and GDPs.
Awareness of basic life support among Saudi dental students and interns
Authors: Al-Shamiri Hashem Motahir , Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Shugaa-Addin Bassam , Alaizari Nader Ahmed , Hunaish Abdulrahman
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the torque and detorque values of screw intermediates of external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse taper implants in single restorations before and after mechanical cycling. Materials and Methods: The study sample was divided into three groups (n = 10) as follows: group EH - external hexagon implant, group IH - internal hexagon implant, and group MT - Morse taper implant. Universal abutments were screwed on the implants, and metal crowns were cemented onto the abutment. The samples were submitted to a mechanical testing of 1 million cycles, with a frequency of 8 cycles per second under a 400 N load. The application and registration of the screw torque (T0) and detorque (T1) values of the intermediate were performed before and after the test. The results were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey′s test (α = 0.05). Results: There was no difference between the values of T0 and T1 in the intra-group samples. However, the inter-group difference in T0 between the EH (12.8 N cm) and MT (18.6 N cm) groups and in T1 between the EH (10.4 N cm) and IH (13.8 N cm), EH and MT (19.4 N cm), and MT and IH (P = 0.001) groups were significant. The MT group showed a lower variation of T0 and T1. Conclusion: The internal implants, particularly MT, showed better stability in these cases when used for single restorations.
On the synthesis and characterization of β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds coated with collagen or poly (D, L-lactic acid) for alveolar bone augmentation
Authors: Deschamps Isadora S. , Magrin Gabriel L. , Magini Ricardo S. , Fredel Márcio C. , Benfatti Cesar A.M. , Souza Júlio C.M.
Published: November 2017

Objectives: After tooth loss, dimensional alterations on the alveolar bone ridge can occur that can negatively affect the placement of dental implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synthesis, and mechanical properties of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds coated with bioabsorbable polymers, namely, collagen and poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA). Materials and Methods: β-TCP powder was obtained by reactive milling and then characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). β-TCP scaffolds were obtained by replica method, in which polyurethane foams are immersed in β-TCP suspension and thereafter submitted to a thermal treatment to remove the polyurethane and sinter the ceramic. Type-I collagen or PDLLA were used to coat the β-TCP scaffolds by dip-coating method. Scaffolds were separated in four groups depending on the coating material: noncoated (Group A), double immersion in collagen (Group B), double immersion in PDLLA (Group C), and ten immersions in PDLLA (Group D). Samples were characterized by compressive tests and SEM/EDS. Data were statistically analyzed through two-way ANOVA (p = 0.05). Results: Chemical and microscopic analyses revealed proper morphology and chemical composition of powder particles and scaffolds with or without polymeric coatings. Scaffolds coated with PDLLA showed higher compressive strength (0.11 ± 0.054 MPa) than those of collagen (0.022 ± 0.012 MPa) or noncoated groups (0.024 ± 0.012 MPa). Conclusions: The coating method of β-TCP with PDLLA revealed a potential strategy to increase the mechanical strength of porous ceramic materials while collagen can enhance cell migration.
The effect of toothpastes with bleaching agents on the force decay of elastomeric orthodontic chains
Authors: Behnaz Mohammad , Dalaie Kazem , Hosseinpour Sepanta , Namvar Fatemeh , Kazemi Leila
Published: November 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of agents available in whitening toothpastes (Crest® and Sensodyne®) in vitro on the force decay of elastomeric chains used in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 specimens of elastomeric chains were divided into five groups (n = 60) and were evaluated. These groups included (1) the regular Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (2) whitening Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (3) regular Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (4) whitening Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, and (5) distilled water as a control group. The samples' force was measured using Instron at intervals of 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: At the initial time point, the difference in the force values of elastomeric chain between any of the groups was not significant (P > 0.05). On the 1st day, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between all groups except the groups of whitening Crest®, regular, and whitening Sensodyne® (P > 0.05). On days 7, 14, and 28, the rate of decline for all groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results obtained in the present study, it seems that toothpastes without whitening agents have less effect on force decay of elastomeric chain over time.
Japanese Fashion Cultures
Authors: Monden Masafumi
Published: November 2017

From Rococo to Edwardian fashions, Japanese street style has reinvented many western dress styles, reinterpreting and altering their meanings and messages in a different cultural and historical context. This wide ranging and original study reveals the complex exchange of styles and what they represent in Japan and beyond, contesting common perceptions of gender in Japanese dress and the notion that non-western fashions simply imitate western styles.

Through case studies focussing on fashion image consumption in style tribes such as Kamikaze Girls, Lolita, Edwardian, Ivy Style, Victorian, Romantic and Kawaii, this ground-breaking book investigates the complexities of dress and gender and demonstrates the flexible nature of contemporary fashion and style exchange in a global context. Japanese Fashion Cultures will appeal to students and scholars of fashion, cultural studies, gender studies, media studies and related fields.
The Superhero Costume
Authors: Brownie Barbara , Graydon Danny
Published: November 2017

Costume defines the superhero, disguising and distinguishing him or her from the civilian alter ego. The often garish garb expresses a hero’s otherness and empowers its wearers to seek a primal form of justice.

This book provides the first interdisciplinary analysis of the superhero costume and investigates wide-ranging issues such as identity, otherness, ritual dress and disguise. Analysis focuses on the implications of wearing superhero costume, exploring interpretations of the costumed hero and the extent to which the costume defines his or her role. Using examples across various media (comic books, film, and television) with case studies including The X-Men, Watchmen, real-life superheroes such as Phoenix Jones and Pussy Riot, and audience activities such as cosplay, The Superhero Costume presents new perspectives on the increasingly popular genre.

A lively and thorough account of superhero fashions throughout history, The Superhero Costume will be essential reading for students of visual culture, popular culture, fashion and cultural studies.
Engagement y/o intensificación del trabajo ¿opción y/o obligación?: «Si no haces lo que te gusta, te tiene que gustar lo que haces»
Authors: Pérez Zapata Oscar , Álvarez Hernández Gloria , Castaño Cecilia
Published: November 2017

El engagement en el trabajo se ha convertido en el nuevo one-best-way organizativo: pasión y esfuerzo discrecional que garantizaría productividad y bienestar. Este planteamiento renovado de los discursos del management enmarca nuestro objetivo general de profundizar en las contradicciones del engagement en el trabajo. El artículo se apoya en trabajo de campo cualitativo en una multinacional líder del sector TIC, donde la dedicación al trabajo y la pasión estructuran los discursos de los profesionales y mandos cualificados entrevistados. Se encuentra una sofisticación de los mecanismos de control normativos/culturales en línea con lo que la literatura internacional denomina mecanismos neo-normativos, que como sus antecesores, se apoyan en procesos de subjetivación que actúan a nivel identitario. La pasión emerge como una característica esencial de una dedicación al trabajo que se justifica como el resultado de decisiones personales, voluntarias, pese a sus riesgos en la conciliación y en la salud. Sin embargo, el análisis del discurso sugiere que la pasión, más que una opción voluntaria o un fin, parece emerger como una obligación necesaria, un medio para sostener la intensificación del trabajo. Los resultados apoyan la creciente (con)fusión para evaluar el origen interno/externo de las exigencias y el control asociado al llamado trabajo del conocimiento, en sintonía con dinámicas sociales de empresarialización y autogestión más amplias. Esto cuestionaría la validez de los modelos de riesgos psicosociales y sugeriría la necesidad de promover una aproximación sociológica compleja al estudio del estrés laboral.
Lo postsecular. Un concepto normativo
Authors: Roldán Gómez Isabel
Published: November 2017

En este artículo examino el concepto “postsecular”, como ha sido empleado en la filosofía y sociología actuales, principalmente por Jürgen Habermas y Klaus Eder. Para ello, analizo el concepto desde una perspectiva descriptiva, a partir de los datos sobre la situación de la religión en las sociedades de Estados Unidos y Europa. Defenderé que el concepto “postsecular”, que se atribuye a las sociedades europeas, no es efectivo como categoría descriptiva, pues no hay en éstas una inversión de la tendencia secular. Por el contrario, sostendré que el concepto es válido como categoría normativa, ya que ofrece claves para interpretar el desafío de integración de las comunidades religiosas en el contexto de los Estados seculares europeos. Concluiré que los niveles del concepto “postsecular” (descriptivo y normativo) deben ser diferenciados, con el fin de distinguir entre hechos sociales y lo que se espera (y por qué) de los ciudadanos ante esos hechos sociales.