bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety Assessment for Spatial Development
Authors: Řehák David , SikorovÁ Kateřina , Senovský Pavel
Published: May 2015

Rehak D., Sikorova K., Senovsky P.: Safety assessment for spatial development. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 220-241, 2013.

The article deals with the problems of operable safety assessment for spatial development to promote the preventive protection of population, engineering infrastructure and the environment against negative effects of spatial development. At present, many methods available for semi-quantitative risk analysis exist, but there is no method completely suitable for assessment of risks associated with spatial development. This is why a new method - Spatial Development Impact Assessment, which is based philosophically on the Fire & Explosion Index, Hazard & Vulnerability Index and Hazard & Impact Index - is presented in the article. The article describes the main tools of this method, namely assessment process algorithm, catalogue of hazard and asset groups and spatial development impact matrix. It demonstrates, by a case study on the safety assessment for spatial development using an online software tool developed for this purpose, the application of the method.
Invasive plant species in the three microregions of Nitra region, South-west Slovakia
Authors: Pauková Žaneta
Published: May 2015

Paukova Ž.: Invasive plant species in the three microregions of Nitra region, south-west Slovakia. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 262-266, 2013. Alien plant species were recorded by field survey in three selected microregions (submontane in district Zlate Moravce, hilly in district Nitra and lowland in districts Nove Zamky) in Nitra region, SW Slovakia in 2011. In the microregions totally 19 invasive neophytes were recorded. The most frequent and abundant species were the following: Ailanthus altissima, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Conyza canadensis, Fallopia x bohemica, Helianthus tuberosus, Iva xanthiifolia, Negundo aceroides, Robinia pseudoacacia, Solidago canadensis and Stenactis annua. On the basis of the data we can preliminary conclude that the number of species and the number of localities in the southern lowland microregion were almost twice higher than those in the northern hilly region.
Applying landscape ecological principles in sustainable forest management of the floodplain forest in the temperate zone of Europe
Authors: Machar Ivo
Published: May 2015

Machar I.: Applying landscape ecological principles in sustainable forest management of the floodplain forest in the temperate zone of Europe. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 369-375, 2013.

European floodplain forests of the temperate climatic zone are an example of an ecosystem in the cultural landscape characterized by an exceptionally high biodiversity. In this usually heavy deforested landscape of the Central and South European river floodplains, which are subjected to intensive agricultural use, the preserved ecosystems of floodplain forests represent important refuges for biotic biodiversity and are invaluable for the ecological landscape stability of the entire floodplain and the wider river basin. Unlike other Central European communities, whereby constant ecological conditions of habitats tend to be preserved even upon changes in ecosystem, the floodplain forests are characterized by a long-term continuous development of ecotopes, conditioning the complex interconnected succession series of ecosystem. The ecological floodplain phenomenon is created by fluvial landscape processes and the conservation of the natural development dynamics of the said fluvial landscape processes is essential for its protection. The landscape structure of floodplain forests is significantly affected by forest management measures, including regeneration methods, silvicultural measures and felling. Floodplain forest management radically affects the biodiversity of the given ecosystems which are listed among habitats of European concern in the Natura 2000 network. Since understanding of the biological nature of forest ecosystems is essential for landscape and ecological planning and sustainable forest management, it is imperative to study ecological processes taking place in the various floodplain forest biotopes in order to be able to define the principles of their management. This article aims to contribute to the process of formulating principles of biodiversity protection and the management strategies for floodplain forest ecosystems, while applying some theories and methods of landscape ecology. The Results section of the article comes in the form of case studies for each topic and draws on original data which were published in the scientific journals or presented at scientific conferences (see References). Some of the presented case studies focus on the Protected Landscape Area Litovelske Pomoravi.
Douglas-fir provenance phenology observations
Authors: Lavadinović Vera , Isajev Vasilije , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Popović Vladan , Lučić Aleksandar
Published: May 2015

Lavadinović V., Isajev V., Rakonjac L., Popović V., Lučić A.: Douglas-fir provenance phenology observations. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 376-382, 2013.

Introduction of species involves adaptation, productivity and success in new types of environmental conditions. The introduction also includes confirmation to bring in only species which are superior on their natural habitat. In Canada and western North America, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Mirb./Franco) is one of the most ecologically and economically value trees. In Europe, New Zealand, Australia and Chile, Douglas fir is important as an exotic fast-growing timber species. Douglas fir has one of the widest natural ranges of any tree species, extending from the Pacific Coast to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains and from 19°N in Mexico to 55°N in western Canada. In Serbia, from the original seeds introduced from British Columbia and Canada, the experimental Douglas-fir provenance is established in a few locations. One of the main dangers for the Douglas fir is its sensitivity to the occurrence of late frost in spring and early occurrence of frost in the autumn. The aim of the paper is to test the effect of environment on the expression of Douglas-fir seed transfer. Bud burst phenology is closely related to genecology of introduced species. Douglas fir is susceptible to cold climate and most of its genetic structure and ability depends on its ecological adaptability. In order to avoid errors introduction of Douglas-fir provenances that are sensitive to the occurrence of extreme temperature, applied are researching for buds phenological changes Douglas fir, as an introduced species, has to be tested at the provenance level before its introduction to the new sites in Serbia.
Infrared Images and Land Cover in the Past
Authors: Ždímal Václav
Published: May 2015

Ždimal V.: Infrared images and land cover in the past. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 383-387, 2013.

Czech landscape is an old residential area used by humans since ancient times. At one point, we can follow the traces of human activity from different periods and natural changes. Land cover of one location can change several times. The most important reason is meandering and subsequent straightening of rivers, deforestation, relocation and change in soil layers. These changes in the past affect the present management, and it is important to identify them. A suitable tool for the determination of different sites is remote sensing in the infrared spectrum, which monitors changes in the vegetation, with the support of archival materials. These changes in vegetation are statistically significant and distinct sites with different histories of others. After identifying the different places, one can search the archive materials to know what was the land cover in the past. The following archival materials have been used: maps II and III, military mapping, basic maps and other maps and historical aerial photographs. These images document the landscape before collectivization and the reclamation of the land, which dynamically changed the landscape cover. The studied area was documented by other aerial photographs from other time periods between 1959 and 1989 and mainly infrared images from present were used as the main basis for determining the development of land cover. A comparative analysis of land cover shows the increases and decreases in agricultural land, changes in communication line elements, the impact of new methods of land use, erosion control restoration measures, changes in retention capacity, losses and increase forest, comparing the legal and actual status of the forest boundaries and their changes over time and changes in the built areas.
Structure and physical–chemical properties of humic aсids of oligotrophic peat bog of arkhangelsk region
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina , Bogolitsyn Konstantin , Larionov Nikolay , Boytsova Tatiana , Palamarchuk Irina , Aksenov Andrew
Published: May 2015

The article presents data on the elemental and functional composition of humic acids, their molecular weight characteristics, physical, chemical and acid-base properties. The sorption properties of humic acids towards Cd2+ and Pb2+ are studied. The relationship between the polyelectrolyte nature of humic acids and their sorption capacity is revealed.
Production-ecological analysis of herb layer in the softwood floodplain forests formed after the gabčíkovo waterwork construction and their characteristics
Authors: Vojtková Jana , Minarič Peter , Kollár Jozef
Published: May 2015

This paper is focused on phytocoenological characteristics and production analysis of herbaceous layer biomass of the softwood floodplain forests (Salici-Populetum (R. Tx. 1931) Meijer Drees 1936 association) and their phytocoenological characteristics. The sampling site was located in the young stands, which were formed after the Gabčíkovo Waterwork construction in 1992. Redirection of the major ratio of flow into the supply channel has caused essential decrease of water level in the old Danube riverbed. As a result of this, new bare sites have appeared having character of pioneer habitat. In the process of primary succession, new softwood floodplain forests have formed here within a few years. These stands are the subject of the study presented in this paper. We estimated herb layer biomass using indirect sampling modified for non-repeated field measurements (Kubíček, Brechtl, 1970). Total biomass of herbaceous layer was estimated to be 5577 kg ha
Comparison of modern and traditional methods of soilsorption complex measurement : the basis of long -term studies and modelling
Authors: Kučera Aleš , Šikl Jaromír , Oulehle Filip , Šamonil Pavel , Marosz Karel , Hleb Ruslan , Houška Jakub , Hruška Jakub
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the correlations between two different analytical methods of assessing soil nutrient contents. Soil nutrient content measurements measured using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS ) method, which uses barium chloride extraction, were compared with those of the now-unused Gedroiz method, which uses ammonium chloride extraction (calcium by titration, magnesium, potassium and sodium by weighing). Natural forest soils from the Ukrainian Carpathians at the localities of Javorník and Pop Ivan were used. Despite the risk of analysis errors during the complicated analytical procedure, the results showed a high level of correlation between different nutrient content measurements across the whole soil profile. This allows concentration values given in different studies to be linearly recalculated on results of modern method. In this way, results can be used to study soil’s chemical changes over time from the soil samples that were analysed in the past using labour-intensive and time-consuming methods with a higher risk of analytic error.
Effect of afforestation of agricultural soils and tree species composition on soil physical characteristics changes
Authors: Vopravil Jan , Podrázský Vilém , Khel Tomáš , Holubík Ondřej , Vacek Stanislav
Published: May 2015

This paper deals with the evaluation of the effect of afforestation of previously arable land to soil characteristics changes. One of the main aims was to evaluate the effects of each forest species on the soil structure quality after afforestation. Soil samples were taken at two climatically distinct subregions within the Czech Republic. Based on the different site conditions, two study sites were chosen at each locality for a total of four research sites. Detailed soil survey and basic forest stand inventories were conducted at all four sites. The first locality was established in the Rychnov nad Kněžnou district in the Protected Landscape Area of the Orlické mountains (soil type a Haplic Cambisol). The second locality was established in the Prague-East district (soil type a Haplic Cambisol and a Haplic Stagnosol). Afforestation had a positive influence on the soil physical characteristics which are important for the maintenance of soil stability. Forest cover has a major influence on increasing the soil porosity, by decreasing the reduced bulk density and increasing capillary and gravitational pores, which is crucial. Afforestation was also found to be positively related to increases in soil organic matter content in different forms, both stable and unstable, and tendency of considerable soil organic matter accumulation not only in the layer of surface humus but also in the entire soil profiles of the research sites. The main contributor to soil improvement after afforestation is the formation of stable soil aggregates. This is typical also for spruce and pine cover.
Vegetation of Humic Lakes in Relation to their Trophic State
Authors: Ejankowski Wojciech , Iglińska Anna M.
Published: May 2015

Ejankowski W., Iglińska A.M.: Vegetation of humic lakes in relation to their trophic state. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 33, No. 2, p. 160-170, 2014.

The vegetation of selected 24 humic lakes in Poland was studied to establish whether there was a link between the lakes’ vegetation and their trophic state. Based on literature data and field studies, the lakes were distinguished into two groups with regard to plant communities in the lakes and catchment basins. They were identified as dystrophic (DL) and humoeutrophic (HL) lakes according to their chemical and biological parameters. The two lake groups differed in terms of macrophyte structure: nymphaeids were common in DL, whereas helophytes in HL. The massive development of elodeids was also observed in HL. Vegetation in the catchment basins was mesotrophic in HL (Caricion lasiocarpae Vanden Bergh. ap. Lebrun et al., 1949), whereas in case of extremely nutrient-poor habitats in DL oligotrophic vegetation was found (Rhynchosporion albae Koch 1926 and Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Br.-Bl. et. R .Tx. 1943). The regionally determined variability of humic lakes in Poland was verified positively. Potential dystrophy indicators are discussed in this paper.
Land Consolidations as an Effective Instrument in Soil Conservation
Authors: Kadlec Václav , Žížala Daniel , Novotný Ivan , Heřmanovská Darina , Kapička Jiří , Tippl Martin
Published: May 2015

Kadlec V., Žížala D., Novotný I., Heřmanovská D., Kapička J., Tippl M.: Land consolidations as an effective instrument in soil conservation. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 33, No. 2, p. 188-200, 2014.

In the Czech Republic, more than 50% of agricultural land is threatened by water erosion, which is tremendously increasing during last couple of years. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with soil conservation as soon as possible. Land consolidations (LCs) are thus an important tool for implementation of soil, water and landscape conservation measures. It is possible to arrange land ownerships by them. They also arrange land spatially and functionally, provide availability of parcels and their land use in public interest. Besides that, environmental improvement, soil conservation, water management and increase in landscape ecological stability supplement the use of LCs. The results of soil consolidations serve for renewal of cadastral records and for the backgrounds for landscape planning. The aim of the research was to evaluate the selected site (district Plzeň - South) with regard to the amounts and limits of proposed and implemented measures in LC process. The research was processed on the basis of detailed analysis regarding erosion risk and runoff conditions in GIS compared with the previous data (before LC).
Changes of the Ecological Conditions in the Báb Forest on the Basis of a Bioindication Method
Authors: Pilková Ivana
Published: May 2015

This work analyses the changes of ecological conditions in the Báb forest on the basis of a bioindication method. The comparison is made between the phytocenological records from the years 1968-1969 and 2013 where permanent research plots (PRPs) were established in the forest coppi-ce and on clearcuts. In 2013, the amount of photophilous and thermophilic species increased mainly on the clearcut PRP and the amount of suboceanic taxa on PRP in the forest coppice. Moreover, there is also an increase of taxa like nitrogen-rich posts. On the other hand, the share of fresh soils indicators and acidophilous species significantly decreased. The change in the ratio of the econumbers of the observed ecofactors between the records from 1968-1969 and 2013 is caused mainly by a diversified management. It is the formation of clearcuts due to which synanthropic, clearcut and invasive species occupy the free space. The given species are mainly thermophilic, photophilous representatives and representatives of nitrogen-rich soils and they have a significant influence on the change in the percentual ratios of the econumbers of the six observed ecofactors.
Landscape-Ecological Interpretation and Applications of Landscape Survey Results for Optimal Land Use
Authors: Zaušková L’ubica
Published: May 2015

Landscape-ecological multidisciplinary approach is turning out to be the only suitable solution for the problem of land-use optimisation. The article puts forward a landscape-ecological methodology of landscape-ecological carrying capacity (LCC) evaluation and accounts for its interconnection with sectoral surveys. Primarily it is an interpretation of survey results of the forest ecology in forestry and the complex soil survey in agriculture within the methods of LCC. By application of the results, the process of LCC evaluation will be accelerated and remedial measures will be provided more efficiently. The result of an application of the methodics will be suitable land use in conformity to landscape potential, while landscape-ecological limits are respected. The article calls attention to the fact that LCC methods should be considered within the planning of land use of forest and agricultural landscape on the basis of the entire gravitational unit - watershed.
Succession of Periphyton and Phytoplankton Assemblages in Years with Varying Amounts of Precipitation in a Shallow Urban Lake (Lake Jeziorak Mały, Poland)
Authors: Zębek Elžbieta
Published: May 2015

This study of periphyton assemblages (periphyton in separator pipes, epilithon and epiphyton) and phytoplankton was carried out in Lake Jeziorak Maly in 1997-2003 and 2005. Since precipitation amounts varied in these years, changes in the abundance, biomass, taxonomic group structure, spe-cies diversity and dominant taxa of these assemblages were analyzed in relation to the physical and chemical water parameters. The periphyton in pipes had their highest abundance and biomass at the mean precipitation in the vegetative season and at maximum precipitations in winter 2000, and also in the 1997 vegetative season when there were high levels of electrolytic conductivity and orthophosphate and chloride concentrations. The assemblage was dominated by the diatoms
Joint Slovak-Ukraine-Germany Beech Ecosystems as the World Natural Heritage
Authors: Vološčuk Ivan
Published: May 2015

The European beech
The Species Composition on Agricultural Terraces in NW Part of Slovakia
Authors: Machová Iva , Kubát Karel
Published: May 2015

The article contributes to a deeper understanding of agricultural terraces in NW Slovakia. The agricultural terraces found in 12 mountain ranges were characterised in detail on 32 localities. The slope parts of the studied terraces are on average only 2.3 m wide and current and former agricultural areas between them are on average 11 m wide. Furthermore, seventy phytosociological relevés were made on the terraces. Overall, 360 species of vascular plants were found in the relevés, 66 of which appeared regularly The localities were evaluated by DCA analysis. The main factor infuencing the species composition appears to be the geological composition of the bedrock and, probably the altitude as well. High coverage of the herb layer (median value 95%), low coverage of the shrub layer (median value 5%) and the absence or a very low coverage of the tree layer is typical for these terraces.
Landscape Capacity for Ecosystem Services Provision Based on Expert Knowledge and Public Perception (Case Study from the Northwest Slovakia)
Authors: Bezák Peter , Bezáková Magdaléna
Published: May 2015

Landscape represents appropriate spatial dimension for a study of ecosystems, especially due to ability to translate scientific knowledge into proper guidance for land use practice and enhancing the inclusion of local stakeholders in decision-making procedures. We tested social preferences method to reach initial and raw overview of the ecosystem services (ES) distribution and their values in the study areas. Perception of experts and local residents about capacities of relevant CORINE land cover (CLC) types to provide various ES was linked with Geographic Information System databases. We quantified the results on the basis of the mean values for each CLC type and the ES groups and these were interpreted also in spatial context. The expectation about perceptible capacities of forest to provide goods and services was fulfilled by responses of the experts, as was the expected difficulty to assess capacities of transitional woodland shrub or complex cultivation patterns. However, additional land cover types in question are meadows and pastures or discon-tinuous urban fabric. Mostly middle ranking values prevail in responses of local residents and uncertainty in the background is much greater comparing to the experts. On the other hand, rural people may better recognise diversified fow of services due to their everyday close connection to more ES. Large variation in the scores of some valued CLC classes in responses of the local residents and also experts seems resulting from lack of knowledge in the background and differences in viewpoint and appreciation. We understand the gaps in evaluating ES by the experts and resident population as good experience and key challenge for the further steps and fine-tuning of the research methods.
Development of Košice Region by Implementation of Environmental Projects in the Field of Water Management - Case Study
Authors: Pavolová Henrieta , Csikósová Adriana , Bakalár Tomáš
Published: May 2015

The development of the regions in Slovakia in recent years has significant disparities in both so-cio-economic as well as environmental issues, as evidenced by the eight environmentally polluted areas (these areas are highly urbanised with industrial agglomerations or intensive agricultural production).

This article deals with a management system model of regional by implementation of projects in environmental field of water management with application-specific benefits and risks arising from the process of their implementation in relation to regional development. It analyses projects in the area of water management of one of the regions of Slovakia, KoŠice region in particular, in terms of connection to public water duct and sewer, identifes a strategy for development of the region and its socio-economic and environmental benefits based on the analysis of drinking water, the quan-tity and quality of treated wastewater through wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). It identifes the infuencing factors of benefits and risks and proposes procedure for solving at various stages.
Gait Characteristics, Symptoms, and Function in Persons With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Longitudinal Study With 6 to 7 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Eitzen Ingrid , Fernandes Linda , Kallerud Heidi , Nordsletten Lars , Knarr Brian , Risberg May Arna
Published: May 2015

Study Design

Longitudinal laboratory study.

Objectives

(1) To compare gait characteristics between individuals with early-stage hip osteoarthritis who underwent total hip replacement (THR) and those who did not undergo THR, and (2) to evaluate whether gait characteristics, function, and symptoms declined among individuals who did not undergo THR during a 6- to 7-year follow-up.

Background

The natural history of symptoms, function, and gait changes secondary to hip osteoarthritis, including potential differences at an early stage of disease, is unknown.

Methods

Forty-three individuals (mean age, 58.9 years) with radiographic and symptomatic hip osteoarthritis participated. Outcome measures included 3-D gait analysis; self-reported pain, stiffness, and function; hip range of motion; and the six-minute walk test. Baseline comparisons between individuals who later underwent THR and those who did not undergo THR were made using independent t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Comparisons of baseline measures and 6- to 7-year follow-up for the nonoperated individuals were conducted with paired-samples t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (P<.05).

Results

Twelve (27.9%) of the 43 individuals initially evaluated had not undergone THR at the 6- to 7-year follow-up. At baseline, these individuals had larger sagittal plane hip and knee joint excursions, larger joint space width, lower body mass index, and superior self-reported function compared with the individuals who later underwent THR. At the 6- to 7-year follow-up, the individuals who did not undergo THR exhibited no decline in gait characteristics, minimum joint space, or overall function. Furthermore, their self-reported pain had significantly decreased (P = .024).

Conclusion

Individuals who did not undergo THR during a 6- to 7-year follow-up period did not exhibit a decline in gait, function, or symptoms compared to those who underwent THR. These findings are suggestive of a phenotype of hip osteoarthritis with a very slow disease progression, particularly in regard to pain.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(7):539–549. Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5441
Thoracic Spine Manipulation in Individuals With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Does Not Immediately Alter Thoracic Spine Kinematics, Thoracic Excursion, or Scapular Kinematics: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kardouni Joseph R. , Pidcoe Peter E. , Shaffer Scott W. , Finucane Sheryl D. , Cheatham Seth A. , Sousa Catarina O. , Michener Lori A.
Published: May 2015

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

To determine if thoracic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) alters thoracic kinematics, thoracic excursion, and scapular kinematics compared to a sham SMT in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome, and also to compare changes in patient-reported outcomes between treatment groups.

Background

Prior studies indicate that thoracic SMT can improve pain and disability in individuals with subacromial impingment syndrome. However, the mechanisms underlying these benefits are not well understood.

Methods

Participants with shoulder impingement symptoms (n = 52) were randomly assigned to receive a single session of thoracic SMT or sham SMT. Thoracic and scapular kinematics during active arm elevation and overall thoracic excursion were measured before and after the intervention. Patient-reported outcomes measured were pain (numeric pain-rating scale), function (Penn Shoulder Score), and global rating of change.

Results

Following the intervention, there were no significant differences in changes between groups for thoracic kinematics or excursion, scapular kinematics, and patient-reported outcomes (P>.05). Both groups showed an increase in scapular internal rotation during arm raising (mean, 0.9°; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3°, 1.6°; P = .003) and lowering (0.8°; 95% CI: 0.0°, 1.5°; P = .041), as well as improved pain reported on the numeric pain-rating scale (1.2 points; 95% CI: 0.3, 1.8; P<.001) and function on the Penn Shoulder Score (9.1 points; 95% CI: 6.5, 11.7; P<.001).

Conclusion

Thoracic spine extension and excursion did not change significantly following thoracic SMT. There were small but likely not clinically meaningful changes in scapular internal rotation in both groups. Patient-reported pain and function improved in both groups; however, there were no significant differences in the changes between the SMT and the sham SMT groups. Overall, patient-reported outcomes improved in both groups without meaningful changes to thoracic or scapular motion.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(7):527–538. Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5647
Conservative Treatment of Subacute Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy Using Eccentric Exercises Performed With a Treadmill: A Case Report
Authors: Cushman Daniel , Rho Monica E.
Published: May 2015

Study Design

Case report.

Background

Proximal hamstring tendinopathy in runners is characterized by pain with passive hip flexion with the knee extended, active hip extension, and pain with sitting. Relatively little literature exists on the condition, and publications on nonsurgical treatment protocols are even more scarce. Surgical intervention, which comprises the majority of literature for treatment of this condition, is an option for cases that fail to respond to nonsurgical treatment.

Case Description

The patient was a 34-year-old, otherwise healthy male triathlete with unilateral proximal hamstring tendinopathy diagnosed by ultrasound, who had pain only with running and prolonged sitting. After he failed to respond to 4 weeks of eccentric knee flexion and lumbopelvic musculature strengthening exercises, an eccentric hip extensor strengthening program using a treadmill was initiated. This treadmill exercise was performed on a daily basis, in addition to a lumbopelvic musculature strengthening program.

Outcomes

The patient noted a decrease in pain within 2 weeks of initiating the new exercise, and was able to return to gradual running after 4 weeks and to speed training after 12 weeks. He returned to competition shortly thereafter and had no recurrence for 12 months after the initiation of therapy. His score on the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-proximal hamstring tendons improved from 23 on initial presentation to 83 at 12 weeks after the initiation of therapy.

Discussion

We described the management of a triathlete with subacute proximal hamstring tendinopathy, who responded well to nonsurgical treatment using eccentric hip extension strengthening using a treadmill.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(7):557–562. Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5762
Microstructural characterization of second phases in X10CrMoVNb9–1 and 12CrMoWCuVNb steels after long steam exposure time at 550°C
Authors: Rodak Kinga , Hernas Adam , Vodárek Vlastimil
Published: May 2015

Microstructural changes in high alloy (9–12% Cr) creep resistant martensitic X10CrMoVNb9–1 and 12CrMoW · CuVNb steels after 100 000 h of steam exposure at 550°C have been studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Precipitates were identified using electron diffraction patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. After long time exposure, a significant coarsening of M
23C6 carbides, and intensive precipitation of the coarse Laves phase were observed. Moreover, in the 12CrMoW · CuVNb steel, a low amount of the modified Z-phase particles was detected. The microstructures of the X10Cr · MoVNb9–1 and 12CrMoWCuVNb steels after 100 000 h of exposure differ in several aspects.
The Impact of School Gardening on Cree Children's Knowledge and Attitudes toward Vegetables and Fruit
Authors: Hanbazaza Mahitab A. , Triador Lucila , Ball Geoff D.C. , Farmer Anna , Maximova Katerina , Alexander First Nation  , Willows Noreen D.
Published: May 2015

Purpose: School-based interventions may increase children's preferences for vegetables and fruit (V&F). This Canadian study measured changes in Indigenous First Nations schoolchildren's V&F knowledge, preferences, and home consumption following the implementation of a gardening and V&F snack program.

Methods: At baseline, 7 months, and 18 months, children in grades 1–6 (i) listed at least 5 V&F they knew, (ii) tasted and indicated their preferences towards 9 vegetables and 8 fruit using a 6-point Likert scale, and (iii) indicated their home consumption of 17 V&F.

Results: At all 3 time points, 56.8% (n = 66/116) of children provided data. Children listed a greater number of V&F at 18 months (4.9 ± 0.1) than at baseline (4.5 ± 1.0) or 7 months (4.7 ± .07) (F(1.6,105.6) = 6.225, P < 0.05). Vegetable preferences became more positive between baseline (37.9 ± 9.3) and 7 months (39.9 ± 9.2), but returned to baseline levels at 18 months (37.3 ± 8.7) (F(1.6,105.8) = 4.581, P < 0.05). Fruit preferences at 18 months (42.7 ± 3.0) were greater than at baseline (41.1 ± 4.3) and at 7 months (41.9 ± 5.1) (F(1.7,113.3) = 3.409, P < 0.05). No change in V&F consumption occurred at home.

Conclusions: Despite improvements in V&F knowledge and preferences, home consumption of V&F did not occur. Complementing school-based programs with home-based components may be needed to influence V&F intake of children.
John Cranko's Antigone (1959): A Ballet Lost and Found
Authors: Bannerman Henrietta
Published: May 2015

John Cranko's dramatic and theatrically powerful Antigone (1959) disappeared from the ballet repertory in 1966 and this essay calls for a reappraisal and restaging of the work for 21st century audiences. Created in a post-World War II environment, and in the wake of appearances in London by the Martha Graham Company and Jerome Robbins’ Ballets USA, I point to American influences in Cranko's choreography. However, the discussion of the Greek-themed Antigone involves detailed consideration of the relationship between the ballet and the ancient dramas which inspired it, especially as the programme notes accompanying performances emphasised its Sophoclean source but failed to recognise that Cranko mainly based his ballet on an early play by Jean Racine. As Antigone derives from tragic drama, the essay investigates catharsis, one of the many principles that Aristotle delineated in the Poetics. This well-known effect is produced by Greek tragedies but the critics of the era complained about its lack in Cranko's ballet – views which I challenge. There is also an investigation of the role of Antigone, both in the play and in the ballet, and since Cranko created the role for Svetlana Beriosova, I reflect on memories of Beriosova's interpretation supported by more recent viewings of Edmée Wood's 1959 film.
Oscar Schlemmer's Triadic Ballet (Paris, 1932) and Dance Discourse in Germany. Three Letters with Annotation and a Commentary
Authors: Kant Marion
Published: May 2015

Three letters, exchanged in 1932 between the critic Artur Michel and the painter and choreographer Oskar Schlemmer, illuminate the complicated relationship between modern dance advocates in general and attitudes to the Triadic Ballet in particular in the last years of the Weimar Republic. They inform us of the way in which the representatives of different dance aesthetics dealt with their opposing views.
The Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies on Animal Welfare
Authors: Shields Sara , Orme-Evans Geoffrey
Published: May 2015

The objective of this review is to point out that the global dialog on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in animal agriculture has, thus far, not adequately considered animal welfare in proposed climate change mitigation strategies. Many suggested approaches for reducing emissions, most of which could generally be described as calls for the intensification of production, can have substantial effects on the animals. Given the growing world-wide awareness and concern for animal welfare, many of these approaches are not socially sustainable. This review identifies the main emission abatement strategies in the climate change literature that would negatively affect animal welfare and details the associated problems. Alternative strategies are also identified as possible solutions for animal welfare and climate change, and it is suggested that more attention be focused on these types of options when allocating resources, researching mitigation strategies, and making policy decisions on reducing emissions from animal agriculture.
A Perspective on the Enhancer Dependent Bacterial RNA Polymerase
Authors: Zhang Nan , Buck Martin
Published: May 2015

Here we review recent findings and offer a perspective on how the major variant RNA polymerase of bacteria, which contains the sigma54 factor, functions for regulated gene expression. We consider what gaps exist in our understanding of its genetic, biochemical and biophysical functioning and how they might be addressed.
Development of Solid-State Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) Sensor Based on Ru(bpy)32+-Encapsulated Silica Nanoparticles for the Detection of Biogenic Polyamines
Authors: Spehar-Délèze Anna-Maria , Almadaghi Sallam , O'Sullivan Ciara
Published: May 2015

A solid state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on Ru(bpy)32+-encapsulated silica nanoparticles (RuNP) covalently immobilised on a screen printed carbon electrode has been developed and characterised. RuNPs were synthesised using water-in-oil microemulsion method, amino groups were introduced on their surface, and they were characterised by transmission electron microscopy. Aminated RuNPs were covalently immobilised on activate screen-printed carbon electrodes to form a solid state ECL biosensor. The biosensor surfaces were characterised using electrochemistry and scanning electron microscopy, which showed that aminated nanoparticles formed dense 3D layers on the electrode surface thus allowing immobilisation of high amount of Ru(bpy)32+. The developed sensor was used for ECL detection of biogenic polyamines, namely spermine, spermidine, cadaverine and putrescine. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity and stability.
Modeling and Performance Analysis of State Transitions for Energy-Efficient Femto Base Stations
Authors: Chung YunWon
Published: May 2015

Lowering the energy required by base stations (BSs) is one of the hot issues nowadays in order to achieve green cellular networks. The energy consumption of femto BSs can be reduced, by turning off the radio interface when there is no mobile station (MS) under the coverage area of the femto BSs or MSs served by the femto BSs do not transmit or receive data packets for a long time, especially late at night. In the energy-efficient femto BSs, if MSs have any data packet to transmit and the radio interface of femto BSs is in the off state, MSs wake up the radio interface of femto BSs by using an additional low-power radio interface. In this paper, active (data), idle, active (signaling), sleep entering, sleep and waking up states are defined for the state model for the energy-efficient femto BSs, and the state transitions are modeled analytically. The steady-state probability of each state is derived thoroughly using a semi-Markov approach. Then, the performance of the energy-efficient femto BSs is analyzed in detail, from the aspects of energy consumption, cumulative average delay, cost and low-power radio signaling load. From the results, the tradeoff relationship between energy consumption and cumulative average delay is analyzed in detail, and it was concluded that an appropriate inactivity timer value should be selected to balance the tradeoff.
Correction: Maachia, L.; et al. Assessment of the Petrochemical Industry Pollution on Skikda Bay, Algeria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2005, 2, 463–468
Authors: Maachia Leila , Boutefnouchet Nafissa , Bouzerna Noureddine , Chettibi Houria
Published: May 2015

We wish to make the following changes to the published article [1], agreed upon by all authors: Leila Maachia has been added as co-author. [...]
Using Multi-Attribute Decision Factors for a Modified All-or-Nothing Traffic Assignment
Authors: Lee EunSu , Oduor Peter
Published: May 2015

To elucidate a realistic traffic assignment scenario, a multi-criterion decision system is essential. A traffic assignment model designed to simulate real-life situation may therefore utilize absolute and/or relative impedance. Ideally, the decision-making process should identify a set of traffic impedances (factors working against the smooth flow of traffic) along with pertinent parameters in order for the decision system to select the most optimal or the least-impeded route. In this study, we developed geospatial algorithms that consider multiple impedances. The impedances utilized in this study included, traffic patterns, capacity and congestion. The attributes of the decision-making process also prioritize multi-traffic scenarios by adopting first-in-first-out prioritization method. We also further subdivided classical impedance into either relative impedance or absolute impedance. The main advantage of this innovative multi-attribute, impedance-based trip assignment model is that it can be implemented in a manner of algebraic approach to utilize shortest path algorithm embedded in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)—Graphical User Interface tool. Thus, the GIS package can therefore handle the multi-attribute impedance effectively. Furthermore, the method utilized in this paper displays flexibility and better adaptation to a multi-modal transportation system. Transportation, logistics, and random events, such as terrorism, can be easily analyzed with pertinent impedance.
Acute Toxicity-Supported Chronic Toxicity Prediction: A k-Nearest Neighbor Coupled Read-Across Strategy
Authors: Chavan Swapnil , Friedman Ran , Nicholls Ian
Published: May 2015

A k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification model was constructed for 118 RDT NEDO (Repeated Dose Toxicity New Energy and industrial technology Development Organization; currently known as the Hazard Evaluation Support System (HESS)) database chemicals, employing two acute toxicity (LD50)-based classes as a response and using a series of eight PaDEL software-derived fingerprints as predictor variables. A model developed using Estate type fingerprints correctly predicted the LD50 classes for 70 of 94 training set chemicals and 19 of 24 test set chemicals. An individual category was formed for each of the chemicals by extracting its corresponding k-analogs that were identified by k-NN classification. These categories were used to perform the read-across study for prediction of the chronic toxicity, i.e., Lowest Observed Effect Levels (LOEL). We have successfully predicted the LOELs of 54 of 70 training set chemicals (77%) and 14 of 19 test set chemicals (74%) to within an order of magnitude from their experimental LOEL values. Given the success thus far, we conclude that if the k-NN model predicts LD50 classes correctly for a certain chemical, then the k-analogs of such a chemical can be successfully used for data gap filling for the LOEL. This model should support the in silico prediction of repeated dose toxicity.
Pattern of Investigation Reflects Risk Profile in Emergency Medical Admissions
Authors: Cournane Seán , Byrne Declan , O'Riordan Deirdre , Sheehy Niall , Silke Bernard
Published: May 2015

Demand for hospital resources may increase over time; we have examined all emergency admissions (51,136 episodes) from 2005 to 2013 for underlying trends and whether resource utilization and clinical risk are correlated. We used logistic regression of the resource indicator against 30-day in-hospital mortality and adjusted this risk estimate for other outcome predictors. Generally, resource indicators predicted an increased risk of a 30-day in-hospital death. For CT Brain the Odds Ratio (OR) was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.50), CT Abdomen 3.48 (95% CI: 3.02, 4.02) and CT Chest, Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis 2.50 (95% CI: 2.10, 2.97). Services allied to medicine including Physiotherapy 2.57 (95% CI: 2.35, 2.81), Dietetics 2.53 (95% CI: 2.27, 2.82), Speech and Language 5.29 (95% CI: 4.57, 6.05), Occupational Therapy 2.65 (95% CI: 2.38, 2.94) and Social Work 1.65 (95% CI: 1.48, 1.83) all predicted an increased risk. The in-hospital 30-day mortality increased with resource utilization, from 4.7% (none) to 27.0% (five resources). In acute medical illness, the use of radiological investigations and allied professionals increased over time. Resource utilization was calibrated from case complexity/30-day in-hospital mortality suggesting that complexity determined the need for and validated the use of these resources.
Human Papillomavirus: Current and Future RNAi Therapeutic Strategies for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jung Hun , Rajasekaran Nirmal , Ju Woong , Shin Young
Published: May 2015

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses; some oncogenic ones can cause different types of cancer, in particular cervical cancer. HPV-associated carcinogenesis provides a classical model system for RNA interference (RNAi) based cancer therapies, because the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 that cause cervical cancer are expressed only in cancerous cells. Previous studies on the development of therapeutic RNAi facilitated the advancement of therapeutic siRNAs and demonstrated its versatility by siRNA-mediated depletion of single or multiple cellular/viral targets. Sequence-specific gene silencing using RNAi shows promise as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of diseases that currently lack effective treatments. However, siRNA-based targeting requires further validation of its efficacy in vitro and in vivo, for its potential off-target effects, and of the design of conventional therapies to be used in combination with siRNAs and their drug delivery vehicles. In this review we discuss what is currently known about HPV-associated carcinogenesis and the potential for combining siRNA with other treatment strategies for the development of future therapies. Finally, we present our assessment of the most promising path to the development of RNAi therapeutic strategies for clinical settings.
3-({5-Bromo-4-[pyrrolidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)phenol
Authors: Jones Alan
Published: May 2015

Re-investigation of the 1H-NMR spectrum reported for 15-bromo-4-oxa-2,9-diaza-1(2,4)-pyrimidine-3(1,3)-benzenacyclononaphane (2) prepared via a Mitsunobu- mediated macroether cyclisation led to a proposed structural isomer (3). The title compound (3) was prepared via a two-step protocol and assigned using 1H, 13C-NMR and LC-MS.
A Non-Photolithography Fabrication for a Microfluidic Chip Based on PMMA Polymer
Authors: Han Xiaowei , Liu Xiaowei , Tian Li , Zhang He , Mao Zhi-Gang
Published: May 2015

Polymer microchannels can be commonly processed using many non-lithographic methods for reducing the manufacturing cost and steps. In this research, an inexpensive and high-precision thermal engraving technology is developed and achieved to machine polymer microchannels ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. This paper presents the design of a thermal engraving device, the processing method and the experimental procedure. Thermal engraving microscribers can fabricate microchannels with a width less than 100 μm. Furthermore, the effects of velocity and temperature on the roughness of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microchannels are also discussed. Finally, a smooth microchannel with these parameters optimally coordinated is achieved. Meanwhile, the contact angle (CA) and the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) of microchannels fabricated by this technology are also measured. The experimental results show that this method of fabrication has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and small polymer microchannel size compared with several non-lithographic methods. This method of fabrication would be attractive for labs lacking extremely clean rooms and expensive photolithography apparatuses.