bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Geschichte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie von der Kaiserzeit bis zur Jahrtausendwende
Authors: Schneider Wolfgang
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Es werden wesentliche Entwicklungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) seit ihrer Gründung im Jahr 1904 bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts beschrieben. Der kursorische Überblick beleuchtet wesentliche Aufgabenbereiche und Ziele der DGPs und ihrer Vorstände in unterschiedlichen politischen Kontexten. Es werden gerade für die erste Hälfte des Jahrhunderts Wandlungen von einer primär experimentell-wissenschaftlichen hin zu einer stärker berufsständigen Vereinigung illustriert, während ab etwa 1960 die wissenschaftliche Ausrichtung wieder in den Vordergrund rückt. Die Fortschritte innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte runden eine beeindruckende Erfolgsgeschichte der DGPs ab.
Qualitätssicherung in Forschung und Anwendung als Aufgabe der DGPs
Authors: Abele-Brehm Andrea , Gollwitzer Mario , Stemmler Gerhard , Vaterrodt Bianca
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass Qualitätssicherung von der DGPs in ganz unterschiedlichen inhaltlichen Bereichen und Themen aktiv befördert worden ist. Er systematisiert diese Themen und ordnet sie in die Bereiche der Qualitätssicherung in der Psychologischen Diagnostik, der Zertifizierungen, der Forschungsethik, der Forschungsstandards, der Wissensvermittlung und Weiterbildung sowie der Qualitätssicherung in Studium und Lehre. In einigen Bereichen kann der Erfolg der Qualitätssicherung quantitativ bestimmt werden, so bei Zertifizierungen oder bei Studieneingangstests. In anderen Bereichen ist eine solche Bewertung schwieriger. In jedem Fall haben die entsprechenden Initiativen und Diskussionen eine breite Beteiligung der Mitgliedschaft entfacht und damit das Selbstverständnis der DGPs als aktive scientific community gestärkt.
A Missing Piece of the E‐Region Puzzle: High‐Resolution Photoionization Cross Sections and Solar Irradiances in Models
Authors: Soto Emmaris , Evans J. Scott , Meier R. R. , Tashiro Motomichi , Sakib MD. Nazmus , Yiğit Erdal
Published: April 2024

Most ionospheric models cannot sufficiently reproduce the observed electron density profiles in the E‐region ionosphere, since they usually underestimate electron densities and do not match the profile shape. Mitigation of these issues is often addressed by increasing the solar soft X‐ray flux which is ineffective for resolving data‐model discrepancies. We show that low‐resolution cross sections and solar spectral irradiances fail to preserve structure within the data, which considerably impacts radiative processes in the E‐region, and are largely responsible for the discrepancies between observations and simulations. To resolve data‐model inconsistencies, we utilize new high‐resolution (0.001 nm) atomic oxygen (O) and molecular nitrogen (N2) cross sections and solar spectral irradiances, which contain autoionization and narrow rotational lines that allow solar photons to reach lower altitudes and increase the photoelectron flux. This work improves upon Meier et al. (2007,https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028484) by additionally incorporating high‐resolution N2photoionization and photoabsorption cross sections in model calculations. Model results with the new inputs show increased O+production rates of over 500%, larger than those of Meier et al. (2007,https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028484) and total ion production rates of over 125%, while production rates decrease by ∼15% in the E‐region in comparison to the results obtained using the cross section compilation from Conway (1988,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA193866.pdf). Low‐resolution molecular oxygen (O2) cross sections from the Conway compilation are utilized for all input cases and indicate that is a dominant contributor to the total ion production rate in the E‐region. Specifically, the photoionization contributed from longer wavelengths is a main contributor at ∼120 km.
On Short‐Duration Intense and Strongly Geoeffective (ICME)Sheath Magnetic Fields
Authors: Gonzalez Walter D.
Published: April 2024

This Commentary article deals with the important role of large‐amplitude, short‐duration (<1 hr) and southwardly directed magnetic field incursions within the Sheath region of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection, which were recently shown to have led to extreme auroral activity during the early part of the Halloween storm (Ohtani, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030596). For such largely geoeffective magnetic field structures some suggestions are given toward their possible interplanetary causes, which could also be associated with the origin of similar Sheath‐structures observed during other events with very intense geomagnetic activity. A particular attention is given to a Sheath‐incorporated and largely geoeffective flux rope‐hypothesis. At the end we add some comments on further related magnetospheric and space weather issues.
A Petrological and Microstructural Study of Ten Brachinites: A Cumulate Texture?
Authors: Meunier‐Mili N. , Kaczmarek M.‐A. , Bystricky M.
Published: April 2024

Brachinites are igneous, ultramafic and unbrecciated primitive achondrites mainly composed of olivine and pyroxene, with a partial melt residue or cumulate origin that is still debated. This study presents a petrological and microstructural study of 10 brachinite meteorites to identify igneous and deformation processes responsible for their formation. Detailed microstructural analyses were performed using secondary electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and electron backscatter diffraction. The olivine‐spinel and two‐pyroxene closure temperatures of these brachinites ranged from 814 ± 27 to 909 ± 20°C. Olivine [001] axes coincide with the elongation of olivine grains and the crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) of clinopyroxene [001] axes, which led us to infer lineation as olivine [001] axes parallel to X for all samples. Olivine CPO displays a strong or medium concentration of [001] axes parallel to X and [010] axes parallel to Z pointing to a B‐type fabric. Limited internal deformation of olivine grains and slip systems identified from low‐angle boundary misorientation analyses are inconsistent with the CPO and grain misorientation distributions are close to those found in untextured rocks. Olivine B‐type fabrics may therefore result not from plastic deformation but rather from rigid crystal rotation or preferential crystal growth during compaction. Olivine subgrain boundary misorientation axes imply limited activation of [001](100) and [100](001) slip systems, which could be due to primary plastic deformation during or after crystal settling. These new results reveal that brachinites developed a cumulate texture and accommodated only weak plastic deformation during early differentiation processes in the parent body.
Holes in Ross Sea Ice Grow and Shrink in Unexpected Cycle
Authors: Mayer Amy
Published: April 2024

Changes in polynya area in the Ross Sea region off Antarctica follow a previously unidentified 16-year periodicity.
The fluidic memristor as a collective phenomenon in elastohydrodynamic networks
Authors: Martínez-Calvo Alejandro , Biviano Matthew D. , Christensen Anneline H. , Katifori Eleni , Jensen Kaare H. , Ruiz-García Miguel
Published: April 2024

Fluid flow networks are ubiquitous and can be found in a broad range of contexts, from human-made systems such as water supply networks to living systems like animal and plant vasculature. In many cases, the elements forming these networks exhibit a highly non-linear pressure-flow relationship. Although we understand how these elements work individually, their collective behavior remains poorly understood. In this work, we combine experiments, theory, and numerical simulations to understand the main mechanisms underlying the collective behavior of soft flow networks with elements that exhibit negative differential resistance. Strikingly, our theoretical analysis and experiments reveal that a minimal network of nonlinear resistors, which we have termed a ‘fluidic memristor’, displays history-dependent resistance. This new class of element can be understood as a collection of hysteresis loops that allows this fluidic system to store information, and it can be directly used as a tunable resistor in fluidic setups. Our results provide insights that can inform other applications of fluid flow networks in soft materials science, biomedical settings, and soft robotics, and may also motivate new understanding of the flow networks involved in animal and plant physiology.
Allopolyploid origin and diversification of the Hawaiian endemic mints
Authors: Tomlin Crystal M. , Rajaraman Sitaram , Sebesta Jeanne Theresa , Scheen Anne-Cathrine , Bendiksby Mika , Low Yee Wen , Salojärvi Jarkko , Michael Todd P. , Albert Victor A. , Lindqvist Charlotte
Published: April 2024

Island systems provide important contexts for studying processes underlying lineage migration, species diversification, and organismal extinction. The Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae family) are the second largest plant radiation on the isolated Hawaiian Islands. We generated a chromosome-scale reference genome for one Hawaiian species,Stenogyne calaminthoides, and resequenced 45 relatives, representing 34 species, to uncover the continental origins of this group and their subsequent diversification. We further resequenced 109 individuals of twoStenogynespecies, and their purported hybrids, found high on the Mauna Kea volcano on the island of Hawai’i. The three distinct Hawaiian genera,Haplostachys,Phyllostegia, andStenogyne, are nested inside a fourth genus,Stachys. We uncovered four independent polyploidy events withinStachys, including one allopolyploidy event underlying the Hawaiian mints and their direct western North American ancestors. While the Hawaiian taxa may have principally diversified by parapatry and drift in small and fragmented populations, localized admixture may have played an important role early in lineage diversification. Our genomic analyses provide a view into how organisms may have radiated on isolated island chains, settings that provided one of the principal natural laboratories for Darwin’s thinking about the evolutionary process.
Cell-type-specific mRNA transcription and degradation kinetics in zebrafish embryogenesis from metabolically labeled single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Fishman Lior , Modak Avani , Nechooshtan Gal , Razin Talya , Erhard Florian , Regev Aviv , Farrell Jeffrey A. , Rabani Michal
Published: April 2024

During embryonic development, pluripotent cells assume specialized identities by adopting particular gene expression profiles. However, systematically dissecting the relative contributions of mRNA transcription and degradation to shaping those profiles remains challenging, especially within embryos with diverse cellular identities. Here, we combine single-cell RNA-Seq and metabolic labeling to capture temporal cellular transcriptomes of zebrafish embryos where newly-transcribed (zygotic) and pre-existing (maternal) mRNA can be distinguished. We introduce kinetic models to quantify mRNA transcription and degradation rates within individual cell types during their specification. These models reveal highly varied regulatory rates across thousands of genes, coordinated transcription and destruction rates for many transcripts, and link differences in degradation to specific sequence elements. They also identify cell-type-specific differences in degradation, namely selective retention of maternal transcripts within primordial germ cells and enveloping layer cells, two of the earliest specified cell types. Our study provides a quantitative approach to study mRNA regulation during a dynamic spatio-temporal response.
Parenchymal cues define Vegfa-driven venous angiogenesis by activating a sprouting competent venous endothelial subtype
Authors: Préau Laetitia , Lischke Anna , Merkel Melanie , Oegel Neslihan , Weissenbruch Maria , Michael Andria , Park Hongryeol , Gradl Dietmar , Kupatt Christian , le Noble Ferdinand
Published: April 2024

Formation of organo-typical vascular networks requires cross-talk between differentiating parenchymal cells and developing blood vessels. Here we identify a Vegfa driven venous sprouting process involving parenchymal to vein cross-talk regulating venous endothelial Vegfa signaling strength and subsequent formation of a specialized angiogenic cell, prefabricated with an intact lumen and pericyte coverage, termed L-Tip cell. L-Tip cell selection in the venous domain requires genetic interaction between vascular Aplnra and Kdrl in a subset of venous endothelial cells and exposure to parenchymal derived Vegfa and Apelin. Parenchymal Esm1 controls the spatial positioning of venous sprouting by fine-tuning local Vegfa availability. These findings may provide a conceptual framework for understanding how Vegfa generates organo-typical vascular networks based on the selection of competent endothelial cells, induced via spatio-temporal control of endothelial Kdrl signaling strength involving multiple parenchymal derived cues generated in a tissue dependent metabolic context.
A subgroup of light-driven sodium pumps with an additional Schiff base counterion
Authors: Podoliak E. , Lamm G. H. U. , Marin E. , Schellbach A. V. , Fedotov D. A. , Stetsenko A. , Asido M. , Maliar N. , Bourenkov G. , Balandin T. , Baeken C. , Astashkin R. , Schneider T. R. , Bateman A. , Wachtveitl J. , Schapiro I. , Busskamp V. , Guskov A. , Gordeliy V. , Alekseev A. , Kovalev K.
Published: April 2024

Light-driven sodium pumps (NaRs) are unique ion-transporting microbial rhodopsins. The major group of NaRs is characterized by an NDQ motif and has two aspartic acid residues in the central region essential for sodium transport. Here we identify a subgroup of the NDQ rhodopsins bearing an additional glutamic acid residue in the close vicinity to the retinal Schiff base. We thoroughly characterize a member of this subgroup, namely the protein ErNaR from Erythrobacter sp. HL-111 and show that the additional glutamic acid results in almost complete loss of pH sensitivity for sodium-pumping activity, which is in contrast to previously studied NaRs. ErNaR is capable of transporting sodium efficiently even at acidic pH levels. X-ray crystallography and single particle cryo-electron microscopy reveal that the additional glutamic acid residue mediates the connection between the other two Schiff base counterions and strongly interacts with the aspartic acid of the characteristic NDQ motif. Hence, it reduces its pKa. Our findings shed light on a subgroup of NaRs and might serve as a basis for their rational optimization for optogenetics.
A membrane associated tandem kinase from wild emmer wheat confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Zhang Huaizhi , Xiao Huixin , Zhu Keyu , Shi Wenqi , Zhang Dong , Wang Yong , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiuhong , Xie Jingzhong , Chen Yongxing , Qiu Dan , Guo Guanghao , Lu Ping , Li Beibei , Dong Lei , Li Wenling , Cui Xuejia , Li Lingchuan , Tian Xiubin , Yuan Chengguo , Li Yiwen , Yu Dazhao , Nevo Eviatar , Fahima Tzion , Li Hongjie , Dong Lingli , Zhao Yusheng , Liu Zhiyong
Published: April 2024

Crop wild relatives offer natural variations of disease resistance for crop improvement. Here, we report the isolation of broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm36, originated from wild emmer wheat, that encodes a tandem kinase with a transmembrane domain (WTK7-TM) through the combination of map-based cloning, PacBio SMRT long-read genome sequencing, mutagenesis, and transformation. Mutagenesis assay reveals that the two kinase domains and the transmembrane domain of WTK7-TM are critical for the powdery mildew resistance function. Consistently, in vitro phosphorylation assay shows that two kinase domains are indispensable for the kinase activity of WTK7-TM. Haplotype analysis uncovers that Pm36 is an orphan gene only present in a few wild emmer wheat, indicating its single ancient origin and potential contribution to the current wheat gene pool. Overall, our findings not only provide a powdery mildew resistance gene with great potential in wheat breeding but also sheds light into the mechanism underlying broad-spectrum resistance.
Impact of molecular symmetry on crystallization pathways in highly supersaturated KH2PO4 solutions
Authors: Cho Yong Chan , Lee Sooheyong , Wang Lei , Lee Yun-Hee , Kim Seongheun , Lee Hyun-Hwi , Lee John Jonghyun , Lee Geun Woo
Published: April 2024

Solute structure and its evolution in supersaturated aqueous solutions are key clues to understand Ostwald’s step rule. Here, we measure the structural evolution of solute molecules in highly supersaturated solutions of KH2PO4 (KDP) and NH4H2PO4 (ADP) using a combination of electrostatic levitation and synchrotron X-ray scattering. The measurement reveals the existence of a solution-solution transition in KDP solution, caused by changing molecular symmetries and structural evolution of the solution with supersaturation. Moreover, we find that the molecular symmetry of H2PO4- impacts on phase selection. These findings manifest that molecular symmetry and its structural evolution can govern the crystallization pathways in aqueous solutions, explaining the microscopic origin of Ostwald’s step rule.
Multiple processes of vocal sensory-motor interaction in primate auditory cortex
Authors: Tsunada Joji , Wang Xiaoqin , Eliades Steven J.
Published: April 2024

Sensory-motor interactions in the auditory system play an important role in vocal self-monitoring and control. These result from top-down corollary discharges, relaying predictions about vocal timing and acoustics. Recent evidence suggests such signals may be two distinct processes, one suppressing neural activity during vocalization and another enhancing sensitivity to sensory feedback, rather than a single mechanism. Single-neuron recordings have been unable to disambiguate due to overlap of motor signals with sensory inputs. Here, we sought to disentangle these processes in marmoset auditory cortex during production of multi-phrased ‘twitter’ vocalizations. Temporal responses revealed two timescales of vocal suppression: temporally-precise phasic suppression during phrases and sustained tonic suppression. Both components were present within individual neurons, however, phasic suppression presented broadly regardless of frequency tuning (gating), while tonic was selective for vocal frequencies and feedback (prediction). This suggests that auditory cortex is modulated by concurrent corollary discharges during vocalization, with different computational mechanisms.
Investigation on improving the comprehensive performance of environmental barrier coating materials by high-entropy multiphase design
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Wang Yongzhe , Huang Yiling , Peng Fan , Lin Chucheng , Zheng Wei , Song Xuemei , Niu Yaran , Zeng Yi
Published: April 2024

It is difficult to obtain a single-phase environmental barrier coating material that simultaneously offers the advantages of low thermal conductivity, a suitable coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent corrosion resistance. Herein, to synthesize the advantages of single-phase materials, we have developed an effective approach for the design of high-entropy multiphase ceramics of rare earth oxides and silicates. Such a specific design approach is capable of making high-entropy RE2SiO5/RE2O3 and RE2SiO5/RE2Si2O7 (RE = Lu, Yb, Tm, Er, Ho, and Y) multiphase ceramics as two types of potential environmental barrier coating materials for Al2O3f/Al2O3 and SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites.
Criticality-enhanced electric field gradient sensor with single trapped ions
Authors: Ilias Theodoros , Yang Dayou , Huelga Susana F. , Plenio Martin B.
Published: April 2024

We propose and analyze a driven-dissipative quantum sensor that is continuously monitored close to a dissipative critical point. The sensor relies on the critical open Rabi model with the spin and phonon degrees of freedom of a single trapped ion to achieve criticality-enhanced sensitivity. Effective continuous monitoring of the sensor is realized via a co-trapped ancilla ion that switches between dark and bright internal states conditioned on a ‘jump’ of the phonon population which, remarkably, achieves nearly perfect phonon counting despite a low photon collection efficiency. By exploiting both dissipative criticality and efficient continuous readout, the sensor device achieves highly precise sensing of oscillating electric field gradients at a criticality-enhanced precision scaling beyond the standard quantum limit, which we demonstrate is robust to the experimental imperfections in real-world applications.
FOXO1 enhances CAR T cell stemness, metabolic fitness and efficacy
Authors: Chan Jack D. , Scheffler Christina M. , Munoz Isabelle , Sek Kevin , Lee Joel N. , Huang Yu-Kuan , Yap Kah Min , Saw Nicole Y. L. , Li Jasmine , Chen Amanda X. Y. , Chan Cheok Weng , Derrick Emily B. , Todd Kirsten L. , Tong Junming , Dunbar Phoebe A. , Li Jiawen , Hoang Thang X. , de Menezes Maria N. , Petley Emma V. , Kim Joelle S. , Nguyen Dat , Leung Patrick S. K. , So Joan , Deguit Christian , Zhu Joe , House Imran G. , Kats Lev M. , Scott Andrew M. , Solomon Benjamin J. , Harrison Simon J. , Oliaro Jane , Parish Ian A. , Quinn Kylie M. , Neeson Paul J. , Slaney Clare Y. , Lai Junyun , Beavis Paul A. , Darcy Phillip K.
Published: April 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of haematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma1–4, but the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumours has been limited5. This is owing to a number of factors, including the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment that gives rise to poorly persisting and metabolically dysfunctional T cells. Analysis of anti-CD19 CAR T cells used clinically has shown that positive treatment outcomes are associated with a more ‘stem-like’ phenotype and increased mitochondrial mass6–8. We therefore sought to identify transcription factors that could enhance CAR T cell fitness and efficacy against solid tumours. Here we show that overexpression of FOXO1 promotes a stem-like phenotype in CAR T cells derived from either healthy human donors or patients, which correlates with improved mitochondrial fitness, persistence and therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This work thus reveals an engineering approach to genetically enforce a favourable metabolic phenotype that has high translational potential to improve the efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumours.
Selenium-alloyed tellurium oxide for amorphous p-channel transistors
Authors: Liu Ao , Kim Yong-Sung , Kim Min Gyu , Reo Youjin , Zou Taoyu , Choi Taesu , Bai Sai , Zhu Huihui , Noh Yong-Young
Published: April 2024

Compared to polycrystalline semiconductors, amorphous semiconductors offer inherent cost-effective, simple and uniform manufacturing. Traditional amorphous hydrogenated Si falls short in electrical properties, necessitating the exploration of new materials. The creation of high-mobility amorphous n-type metal oxides, such as a-InGaZnO (ref. 1), and their integration into thin-film transistors (TFTs) have propelled advancements in modern large-area electronics and new-generation displays2–8. However, finding comparable p-type counterparts poses notable challenges, impeding the progress of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology and integrated circuits9–11. Here we introduce a pioneering design strategy for amorphous p-type semiconductors, incorporating high-mobility tellurium within an amorphous tellurium suboxide matrix, and demonstrate its use in high-performance, stable p-channel TFTs and complementary circuits. Theoretical analysis unveils a delocalized valence band from tellurium 5p bands with shallow acceptor states, enabling excess hole doping and transport. Selenium alloying suppresses hole concentrations and facilitates the p-orbital connectivity, realizing high-performance p-channel TFTs with an average field-effect hole mobility of around 15 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off current ratios of 106–107, along with wafer-scale uniformity and long-term stabilities under bias stress and ambient ageing. This study represents a crucial stride towards establishing commercially viable amorphous p-channel TFT technology and complementary electronics in a low-cost and industry-compatible manner.
Remnant cholesterol and the risk of carotid plaque in hypertension: results from a community-based screening among old adults in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Yu Zhecong , Yang Haifeng , Shou Biqi , Cheng Zongxue , Jiang Caixia , Ye Yang , Xu Jue
Published: April 2024

Elevated remnant cholesterol (RC) is considered a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the evidence on this association applies to the Chinese population with hypertension is limited. We aimed to explore the association between RC levels and carotid plaque in old adults with hypertension. 8523 hypertensive patients aged ≥ 60 years with serum lipids and carotid ultrasonography data were included in this community-based screening. Fasting RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC). The associations of RC levels with carotid plaque risk were evaluated using Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models. Carotid plaque was screened in 4821 (56.56%) subjects. After multivariable-adjusted, RC was significantly related to carotid plaque [Odd ratio (OR)] = 1.043 per 0.1 mmol/L increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.030–1.056). The highest versus the lowest quartile of RC was 1.928 (1.673–2.223) for carotid plaque. A nonlinear association was found between serum RC levels and the risk of carotid plaque (P for nonlinearity < 0.001). Moreover, an RC > 0.78 mmol/L differentiated patients at a higher risk of carotid plaque compared to those at lower concentrations, regardless of whether LDLC was on target at 2.59 mmol/L. In old adults with hypertension, elevated RC was positively associated with carotid plaque, independent of LDLC and other conventional risk factors.
Modified Fields-Backofen and Zerilli-Armstrong constitutive models to predict the hot deformation behavior in titanium-based alloys
Authors: Shokry Abdallah
Published: April 2024

This work presents modifications for two constitutive models for the prediction of the flow behavior of titanium-based alloys during hot deformation. The modified models are the phenomenological-based Fields-Backofen and the physical-based Zerilli-Armstrong. The modifications are derived and suggested by studying the hot deformation of titanium-based alloy Ti55531. The predictability of the modified models along with the original Fields-Backofen and another modified Zerilli-Armstong models is assessed and evaluated using the well-known statistical parameters correlation coefficient (R), Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), for the Ti55531 alloy, and validated with other two different titanium-based alloys SP700 and TC4. The results show that the modified Fields-Backofen gives the best performance with R value of 0.996, AARE value of 3.34%, and RMSE value of 5.64 MPa, and the improved version of the modified Zerilli-Armstrong model comes in the second-best place with R value of 0.992, AARE value of 3.52%, and RMSE value of 9.15 MPa for the Ti55531 alloy.
Differential gene expression and miRNA regulatory network in coronary slow flow
Authors: Sun Lihua , Wang Juan , Lei Jimin , Zhang Ying , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yaling , Xing Shifeng
Published: April 2024

Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by slow progression of coronary angiography without epicardial stenosis. The aim of this study was to explore the potential biomarkers and regulatory mechanism for CSF. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 3 cases of CSF and 3 healthy controls were collected for high-throughput sequencing of mRNA and miRNA, respectively. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) was identified. A total of 117 DE-mRNAs and 32 DE-miRNAs were obtained and they were mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory responses. Twenty-six DE-mRNAs were the predicted target genes for miRNAs by RAID, and then the regulatory network of 15 miRNAs were constructed. In addition, through the PPI network, we identified the three genes (FPR1, FPR2 and CXCR4) with larger degrees as hub genes. Among them, FPR1 was regulated by hsa-miR-342-3p, hsa-let-7c-5p and hsa-miR-197-3p and participated in the immune response. Finally, we validated the differential expression of hub genes and key miRNAs between 20 CSF and 20 control. Moreover, we found that miR-342-3p has a targeted regulatory relationship with FPR1, and their expression is negatively correlated. Then we established a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) HUVEC model and detected FPR1, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Transfection with miR-342-3p mimics can significantly promote the proliferation of HUVEC under H/R conditions. FPR1 were associated with CSF as a biomarker and may be regulated by miR-342-3p potential biomarkers.
The effect of city reputation on Chinese corporate risk-taking
Authors: Li Sen , Jiang Haifeng
Published: April 2024

City reputation is a valuable asset for the local economy and firms in the contemporary society. However, the impact of city reputation on micro-level firms has been largely overlooked by the literature. This paper uses the National Civilized City (NCC) policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment to enhance city reputation. We employ the DID approach to investigate the relationship between city reputation and corporate risk-taking. The result shows that corporate risk-taking significantly increases following the NCC policy adoption. Moreover, information asymmetry can strengthen the positive impact of city reputation on corporate risk-taking. Channel tests show that city reputation improves financial condition and decreases default risk, leading to improved risk-taking tolerance. Overall, our paper indicates that city reputation is an important mechanism to improve corporate financial performance, providing empirical evidence for local governments to pursue the NCC title.
Reduction in limb-movement complexity at term-equivalent age is associated with motor developmental delay in very-preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants
Authors: Park Myung Woo , Shin Hyung-Ik , Bang Moon Suk , Kim Don-Kyu , Shin Seung Han , Kim Ee-Kyung , Lee Eun Sun , Shin Hyun Iee , Lee Woo Hyung
Published: April 2024

Reduced complexity during the writhing period can be crucial in the spontaneous movements of high-risk infants for neurologic impairment. This study aimed to verify the association between quantified complexity of upper and lower-limb movements at term-equivalent age and motor development in very-preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants. Video images of spontaneous movements at term-equivalent age were collected from very-preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants. A pretrained pose-estimation model and sample entropy (SE) quantified the complexity of the upper- and lower-limb movements. Motor development was evaluated at 9 months of corrected age using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. The SE measures were compared between infants with and without motor developmental delay (MDD). Among 90 infants, 11 exhibited MDD. SE measures at most of the upper and lower limbs were significantly reduced in infants with MDD compared to those without MDD (p < 0.05). Composite scores in the motor domain showed significant positive correlations with SE measures at most upper and lower limbs (p < 0.05). The results show that limb-movement complexity at term-equivalent age is reduced in infants with MDD at 9 months of corrected age. SE of limb movements can be a potentially useful kinematic parameter to detect high-risk infants for MDD.
Microtubule polarity determines the lineage of embryonic neural precursor in zebrafish spinal cord
Authors: Richard Clément-Alexis , Seum Carole , Gonzalez-Gaitan Marcos
Published: April 2024

The phenomenal diversity of neuronal types in the central nervous system is achieved in part by the asymmetric division of neural precursors. In zebrafish neural precursors, asymmetric dispatch of Sara endosomes (with its Notch signaling cargo) functions as fate determinant which mediates asymmetric division. Here, we found two distinct pools of neural precursors based on Sara endosome inheritance and spindle-microtubule enrichment. Symmetric or asymmetric levels of spindle-microtubules drive differently Sara endosomes inheritance and predict neural precursor lineage. We uncover that CAMSAP2a/CAMSAP3a and KIF16Ba govern microtubule asymmetry and endosome motility, unveiling the heterogeneity of neural precursors. Using a plethora of physical and cell biological assays, we determined the physical parameters and molecular mechanisms behind microtubule asymmetries and biased endosome motility. Evolutionarily, the values of those parameters explain why all sensory organ precursor cells are asymmetric in flies while, in zebrafish spinal cord, two populations of neural precursors (symmetric vs asymmetric) are possible.
Contribution of host species and pathogen clade to snake fungal disease hotspots in Europe
Authors: Blanvillain Gaëlle , Lorch Jeffrey M. , Joudrier Nicolas , Bury Stanislaw , Cuenot Thibault , Franzen Michael , Martínez-Freiría Fernando , Guiller Gaëtan , Halpern Bálint , Kolanek Aleksandra , Kurek Katarzyna , Lourdais Olivier , Michon Alix , Musilová Radka , Schweiger Silke , Szulc Barbara , Ursenbacher Sylvain , Zinenko Oleksandr , Hoyt Joseph R.
Published: April 2024

Infectious diseases are influenced by interactions between host and pathogen, and the number of infected hosts is rarely homogenous across the landscape. Areas with elevated pathogen prevalence can maintain a high force of infection and may indicate areas with disease impacts on host populations. However, isolating the ecological processes that result in increases in infection prevalence and intensity remains a challenge. Here we elucidate the contribution of pathogen clade and host species in disease hotspots caused by Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, the pathogen responsible for snake fungal disease, in 21 species of snakes infected with multiple pathogen strains across 10 countries in Europe. We found isolated areas of disease hotspots in a landscape where infections were otherwise low. O. ophidiicola clade had important effects on transmission, and areas with multiple pathogen clades had higher host infection prevalence. Snake species further influenced infection, with most positive detections coming from species within the Natrix genus. Our results suggest that both host and pathogen identity are essential components contributing to increased pathogen prevalence.
An ultraviolet-driven rescue pathway for oxidative stress to eye lens protein human gamma-D crystallin
Authors: Hill Jake A. , Nyathi Yvonne , Horrell Sam , von Stetten David , Axford Danny , Owen Robin L. , Beddard Godfrey S. , Pearson Arwen R. , Ginn Helen M. , Yorke Briony A.
Published: April 2024

Human gamma-D crystallin (HGD) is a major constituent of the eye lens. Aggregation of HGD contributes to cataract formation, the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is unique in its longevity, maintaining its folded and soluble state for 50-60 years. One outstanding question is the structural basis of this longevity despite oxidative aging and environmental stressors including ultraviolet radiation (UV). Here we present crystallographic structures evidencing a UV-induced crystallin redox switch mechanism. The room-temperature serial synchrotron crystallographic (SSX) structure of freshly prepared crystallin mutant (R36S) shows no post-translational modifications. After aging for nine months in the absence of light, a thiol-adduct (dithiothreitol) modifying surface cysteines is observed by low-dose SSX. This is shown to be UV-labile in an acutely light-exposed structure. This suggests a mechanism by which a major source of crystallin damage, UV, may also act as a rescuing factor in a finely balanced redox system.
Histone H1.0 couples cellular mechanical behaviors to chromatin structure
Authors: Hu Shuaishuai , Chapski Douglas J. , Gehred Natalie D. , Kimball Todd H. , Gromova Tatiana , Flores Angelina , Rowat Amy C. , Chen Junjie , Packard René R. Sevag , Olszewski Emily , Davis Jennifer , Rau Christoph D. , McKinsey Timothy A. , Rosa-Garrido Manuel , Vondriska Thomas M.
Published: April 2024

Tuning of genome structure and function is accomplished by chromatin-binding proteins, which determine the transcriptome and phenotype of the cell. Here we investigate how communication between extracellular stress and chromatin structure may regulate cellular mechanical behaviors. We demonstrate that histone H1.0, which compacts nucleosomes into higher-order chromatin fibers, controls genome organization and cellular stress response. We show that histone H1.0 has privileged expression in fibroblasts across tissue types and that its expression is necessary and sufficient to induce myofibroblast activation. Depletion of histone H1.0 prevents cytokine-induced fibroblast contraction, proliferation and migration via inhibition of a transcriptome comprising extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal and contractile genes, through a process that involves locus-specific H3K27 acetylation. Transient depletion of histone H1.0 in vivo prevents fibrosis in cardiac muscle. These findings identify an unexpected role of linker histones to orchestrate cellular mechanical behaviors, directly coupling force generation, nuclear organization and gene transcription.
Post-traumatic stress disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic: a national, population-representative, longitudinal study of U.S. adults
Authors: Abdalla Salma M. , Ettman Catherine K. , Rosenberg Samuel B. , Wang Ruochen , Cohen Gregory H. , Galea Sandro
Published: April 2024

Substantial literature documents the impact of mass traumatic events on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in populations. However, the trajectory of PTSD in the US population during the pandemic and the association between assets, Covid-19 related stressors, and PTSD over time remains unclear. The Covid-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-Being (CLIMB) is a nationally representative, longitudinal panel of US adults in Spring 2020 (N = 1270), 2021 (N = 1182), and 2022 (N = 1091). Using the four-item PC-PTSD-4, we assessed the prevalence of probable PTSD in the US population over three years. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and logistic regression at each wave, we estimated associations of demographics, assets, and stressors with probable PTSD. Here we report that the overall prevalence of PTSD decreases from 22.2% in 2020 to 16.8% in 2022 (p = 0.02). Persons with household incomes below $20,000 report higher prevalence of probable PTSD compared to other income groups. The GEE model shows higher odds of probable PTSD among persons with household incomes below $20,000 (OR = 2.17 (95%CI: 1.35,3.50)) relative to $75,000 or more; and high stressor scores (OR = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.72,3.15)) compared to low stressor scores. High stressor scores are associated with higher odds of probable PTSD in 2020 (OR = 2.69 (95%CI: 1.56,4.66)), 2021 (OR = 4.58 (95%CI: 2.52,8.30)), and 2022 (OR = 3.89 (95%CI: 2.05,7.38)) compared to low stressor scores. This analysis highlights the pandemic’s prolonged influence on population mental health, particularly among persons with fewer economic assets and those experiencing more pandemic-related stressors. Reducing mental health disparities requires interventions to address inequities.
Physiologic effects of the maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis): a focus on metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Martchenko Alexandre , Papaelias Alexandra , Bolz Steffen-Sebastian
Published: April 2024

The present work highlights preclinical and clinical studies assessing the cardiometabolic benefits of maqui berry supplementation and provides a prospective outlook on development of novel maqui-based therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
Combined supplementation with hesperidin, phytosterols and curcumin decreases adiposity and improves metabolic health in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Baudin Julio , Hernandez-Baixauli Julia , Quesada-Vázquez Sergio , Mulero Francisca , Puiggròs Francesc , Arola Lluís , Caimari Antoni
Published: April 2024

In recent years many women have looked for alternative therapies to address menopause.
Soft-oxometalates (SOMs): crafting the pillars of a sustainable future
Authors: Kumari Nidhi , Roy Soumyajit
Published: April 2024

Soft-oxometalates as a tool of chemical science for designing sustainable solutions.
Blocking the bimolecular pathway of water oxidation electrocatalyzed by copper porphyrin with a surfactant
Authors: Yang Luna , Yang Shujiao , Kong Jiafan , Yuan Wenjie , Li Sisi , Liu Xiaohan , Cao Rui , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2024

The formation of an O–O bond during electrocatalytic water oxidation is significant. The combination of a surfactant and catalyst prevents the production of hydrogen peroxide to provide a new pathway for oxygen evolution in copper porphyrin.
Comprehension of the photoinduced charge transfer assisted energy transfer in Gd3+-based host sensitized tellurate phosphors for thermal sensing and anticounterfeiting labels
Authors: G.L. Bhagyalekshmi , Ganesanpotti Subodh
Published: April 2024

Eu3+ activated Ba2Gd2/3TeO6 phosphor exhibits reddish orange luminescence due to the combined charge transfer assisted energy transfer from the Gd3+ ion. This phosphor finds applications in optical thermometry and anticounterfeiting.
Ladder-like heteropolynuclear assemblies via cyanido bridges and platinum(ii)–thallium(i) bonds: structural and photophysical properties
Authors: Sadeghian Mina , Gómez de Segura David , Golbon Haghighi Mohsen , Safari Nasser , Lalinde Elena , Moreno M. Teresa
Published: April 2024

We report here the synthesis, structures, optical properties and computational studies of new neutral heterometallic systems based on Pt(ii)–Tl(i) bonded [{Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(CN)}Tl]n units (C^N = bzq, dfppy), distinctly connected by Pt(μ-CN)Tl bonds.
Comparative analysis of isothiocyanates in eight cruciferous vegetables and evaluation of the hepatoprotective effects of 4-(methylsulfinyl)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (sulforaphene) from daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts
Authors: Yamaguchi Yusuke , Sugiki Mikio , Shimizu Motomi , Ogawa Kazuki , Kumagai Hitomi
Published: April 2024

This study highlights that daikon radish sprouts and sulforaphene have the potential to serve as functional food materials with hepatoprotective effects.
A DFT exploration of the optoelectronic and thermoelectric features of a novel halide double perovskite A2YAuI6 (A = Rb, Cs) for solar cell and renewable energy applications
Authors: Nazir Abrar , Dixit Aparna , Khera Ejaz Ahmad , Manzoor Mumtaz , Sharma Ramesh , Moayad A. J. A.
Published: April 2024

The physical properties of A2YAuI6 (A = Rb, Cs) perovskite have been investigated in the current work using DFT calculations. Our computed results show that these halides are best for thermoelectric and solar cell applications.
Copper-catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization/alkenylation towards dihydroquinolinones
Authors: Pari Keerthana , Fazlur-Rahman Nawaz Khan
Published: April 2024

A mild and one-pot sequential route to access diversely substituted quinolinyl dihydroquinolinones has been proposed, using a dehydrogenative cyclization/alkenylation strategy with good yields.
TEMPO/PhI(OAc)2 promotes the α-aminophosphinoylation of alcohols with amines and H-phosphine oxides in aqueous medium
Authors: Huang Qiang , Jin Xin , Wu Lvjia , Li Jiangdong , Xing Qianlu , Wang Xianheng , Zhao Changkuo
Published: April 2024

The aminophosphinoylation of alcohols with amines and H-phosphine oxides provides an efficient and mild approach to access various α-aminoalkylphosphine oxides in good yields with good tolerance of functional groups using H2O as a clean solvent.
Synthesis of fluorescent 5-heteroarylpyrimidine-containing oligonucleotides via post-synthetic trifluoromethyl conversion
Authors: Ito Yuta , Tanaka Hisato , Murakami Ayana , Fuchi Yasufumi , Hari Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2024

5-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)- and 5-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-pyrimidine bases-modified oligonucleotides were prepared by post-synthetic trifluoromethyl conversion and their fluorescence properties were measured.
Towards a Carbon Neutral Future: Integrating Renewable Sources and Energy Storage in Sustainable Energy Solutions
Authors: Singh Rahul , Pratap Singh Ravindra , Nirsanametla Yadaiah , Prasad Brijesh , Shrivastava Anurag , Pratap Srivastava Arun , Srivastava Amit
Published: April 2024

This research examines the way to a carbon-neutral future by looking at the integration of renewable vitality sources and vitality capacity advances in feasible energy arrangements. Through a multidisciplinary approach, enveloping information collection, numerical modelling, and scenario investigations, the study investigates the flow of transitioning vitality frameworks. The optimization of energy capacity capacities is educated by scientific models, uncovering that as renewable infiltration increments (20%, 40%, and 60%), optimal capacity capacities rise correspondingly (300 MWh, 700 MWh, and 1200 MWh). Situation investigations illustrate that higher renewable entrance and appropriately measured energy capacity capacities lead to significant diminishments in CO2 outflows (25%, 45%, and 65%) while keeping up positive financial reasonability. Sensitivity investigations confirm the vigour of the models, showing the versatility to varieties in key parameters such as renewable asset accessibility, energy capacity productivity, and capital costs. A comparative investigation against related work underscores the competitiveness and uniqueness of the proposed approach, emphasizing the noteworthiness of numerical modelling in optimizing energy frameworks. This research contributes profitable insights for policymakers, industry partners, and analysts committed to exploring the complexities of accomplishing a carbon-neutral future. The discoveries displayed here, together with those from different studies crossing worldwide vitality exchange, green hydrogen production, and urban arranging, collectively contribute to the broader discourse on economic energy move.