bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dairy product production and lactose demand in New Zealand and Ireland under different simulated milk product-processing portfolios
Authors: Sneddon N.W. , Lopez-Villalobos N. , Hickson R.E. , Davis S.R. , Geary U. , Garrick D.J. , Shalloo L.
Published: January 2017

Maximising dairy industry profitability involves maximising product returns for a specific set of costs or minimising costs for a certain level of output. A strategy currently utilised by the New Zealand dairy industry to optimise the value of exports is to incorporate imported lactose along with local milk to maximise the production of whole milk powder (WMP) while complying with the Codex Alimentarius (Codex) standards, in addition to increasing the exported product for every litre of milk. This study investigated the impact of different product portfolio strategies on lactose requirements for the Irish and New Zealand dairy industries for current and predicted 2020 milk output projections. A mass balance processing sector model that accounts for all inputs, outputs and losses involved in dairy processing was used to simulate the processing of milk into WMP, skim milk powder (SMP), cheese, butter and fluid milk of different proportions. All scenarios investigated projected an increase in production and revenue from 2012 to 2020. Higher cheese production reduced industry lactose demand through whey processing, while scenarios reliant on an increase in the proportion of WMP were associated with increased lactose deficits.
Response of two-row and six-row barley to fertiliser N under Irish conditions
Authors: Hackett R.
Published: January 2017

A range of cultivar types, including two-row and six-row types as well as line and hybrid types, are used for winter barley production in Ireland. There is little information available on the fertiliser nitrogen (N) requirements or the N use efficiency of these different types, particularly under Irish conditions. The objectives of the work presented here were to compare the response to fertiliser N of a two-row line cultivar, a six-row line cultivar and a six-row hybrid cultivar in terms of grain yield and aspects of N use efficiency. Experiments were carried out over three growing seasons, in the period 2012-2014, on a light-textured soil comparing the response of the three cultivars of winter barley to fertiliser N application rates ranging from 0 to 260 kg N/ha. There was no evidence that cultivar type, regardless of whether it was a two-row or six-row line cultivar or a six-row hybrid cultivar, influenced the response to fertiliser N of winter barley. There were some indications that six-row cultivars were less efficient at recovering soil N but used accumulated N more efficiently than the two-row cultivar. This work provided no evidence to support adjustment of fertiliser N inputs to winter barley based on cultivar type.
Detection of presumptive Bacillus cereus in the Irish dairy farm environment
Authors: O’Connell A. , Lawton E.M. , Leong D. , Cotter P. , Gleeson D. , Guinane C.M.
Published: January 2017

The objective of the study was to isolate potentialBacillus cereussensu lato (B.cereus s.l.)from a range of farm environments. Samples of tap water, milking equipment rinse water, milk sediment filter, grass, soil and bulk tank milk were collected from 63 farms. In addition, milk liners were swabbed at the start and the end of milking, and swabs were taken from cows’ teats prior to milking. The samples were plated on mannitol egg yolk polymyxin agar (MYP) and presumptiveB. cereus s.l. colonies were isolated and stored in nutrient broth with 20% glycerol and frozen at -80 °C. These isolates were then plated on chromogenic medium (BACARA) and colonies identified as presumptiveB. cereus s.l. on this medium were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Of the 507 isolates presumed to beB. cereus s.l. on the basis of growth on MYP, only 177 showed growth typical ofB. cereus s.l. on BACARA agar. The use of 16S rRNA sequencing to identify isolates that grew on BACARA confirmed that the majority of isolates belonged toB. cereus s.l. A total of 81 of the 98 isolates sequenced were tentatively identified as presumptiveB. cereus s.l. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was carried out on milk and soil isolates from seven farms that were identified as having presumptiveB. cereus s.l. No pulsotype was shared by isolates from soil and milk on the same farm. PresumptiveB. cereus s.l. was widely distributed within the dairy farm environment.
A field-based comparison of ammonia emissions from six Irish soil types following urea fertiliser application
Authors: Burchill W. , Lanigan G.J. , Forrestal P.J. , Reville F. , Misselbrook T. , Richards K.G.
Published: January 2017

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from a range of soil types have been found to differ under laboratory conditions. However, there is lack of studies comparing NH3emissions from different soil types under field conditions. The objective was to compare NH3emissions from six different soil types under similar environmental conditions in the field following urea fertiliser application. The study was conducted on a lysimeter unit and NH3emissions were measured, using wind tunnels, from six different soil types with varying soil characteristics following urea fertiliser application (80 kg N/ha). On average, 17.6% (% total N applied) was volatilised, and there was no significant difference in NH3emissions across all soil types. Soil variables, including pH, cation exchange capacity and volumetric moisture, were not able to account for the variation in emissions. Further field studies are required to improve the urea-NH3emission factor used for Ireland’s NH3inventory.
Electronic feeding behavioural data as indicators of health status in dairy calves
Authors: Johnston D. , Kenny D.A. , McGee M. , Waters S.M. , Kelly A.K. , Earley B.
Published: January 2017

The objectives of this study were (i) to characterise clinical health in dairy calves on an Irish research farm during the artificial calf-rearing period and (ii) to determine whether calves’ pre-weaning intakes and feeding behaviour, recorded by electronic calf feeders, changes in response to incidents of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Holstein-Friesian (H-F) and Jersey (J) calves were fed by automatic milk replacer (MR) and concentrate feeders. Feeding behaviour, including MR consumption, drinking speed, number of rewarded and unrewarded visits to the feeder as well as concentrate consumption, was recorded by the feeders. A modified version of the Wisconsin calf health scoring criteria chart was used to score calves’ clinical measurements and identify incidences of BRD. Thus, 40% of calves were found to have at least one incident of BRD. Feeding behaviour was altered during incidents of BRD. The number of unrewarded visits to the feeder was reduced, by approximately four visits, for calves with BRD during the 3 d prior to the identification of BRD(P< 0.05) and tended to be reduced during the 7 d following the identification of BRD(P= 0.05), compared with healthy calves. Additionally, calves with BRD had a tendency for reduced net energy intake (approximately 8%) during the 3 d prior to the identification of BRD, compared with healthy calves. Therefore, calf feeding behavioural data, recorded by electronic feeders during the pre-weaning period, can indicate cases of BRD.
Effect of omitting teat preparation on bacterial levels in bulk tank milk
Authors: Gleeson David , Edwards Paul , O’Brien Bernadette
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of omitting teat preparation prior to milking on the bacterial levels in milk directly after milking and after a period of milk storage. Eighty Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were assigned to two pre-milking teat preparation treatments: (i) washing of teats and drawing of foremilk, followed by drying with paper towels and (ii) no teat preparation. Individual cow measurements included individual quarter somatic cell count (SCC) and teat swabs for the presence of Bacillus cereus sensu lato. On seven monthly occasions, all milk produced over a 24 h period from each treatment group was segregated into a separate tank and sampled. Sub-samples of this milk were stored at 4 °C for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, and the milk was analysed for total bacterial count (TBC), thermoduric bacterial count and the presence of B. cereus s. I. Individual quarter SCCs were numerically higher for unprepared teats (159,000 cells/mL) compared with those for prepared teats (133,000 cells/mL; P < 0.09). A similar trend was observed for bulk tank SCC, with the unprepared teat treatment tending to have a higher SCC (155,857 cells/mL) compared to the prepared teat treatment (102,286 cells/mL; P< 0.09). The TBC was not significantly higher from unprepared teats (3,152 cfu/ mL) compared with milk from prepared teats (1,678 cfu/mL) (P< 0.10). Milk TBC was significantly higher after storage for 72 h compared with that after 0, 24 and 48 h (P< 0.01). The results of this study indicate that under good hygienic conditions in an outdoor grazing situation, the omission of pre-milking teat preparation has a minimal effect on TBC and SCC.
A comparison of grassland vegetation from three agri-environment conservation measures
Authors: Ó hUallacháin D. , Finn J.A. , Keogh B. , Fritch R. , Sheridan H.
Published: January 2017

Semi-natural grassland habitats have declined significantly throughout Europe. To halt the decline, grassland conservation measures have been included in most European agri-environment schemes. This is the first study to compare the botanical composition of grassland habitats managed under the Irish Agri-Environment Options Scheme (AEOS). Sixty fields on drystock pastoral farms in receipt of agri-environment payments for grassland conservation were surveyed, with 20 fields being enrolled in each of the following AEOS options: Traditional Hay Meadow (THM), Species-Rich Grassland (SRG) and Natura 2000 species-rich grassland (Natura). The vegetation quality of sites enrolled in the Natura measure was higher than the quality of those enrolled in the THM and SRG measures. Natura sites had the greatest species richness, with a mean >40 species per site, which included approximately 17 species indicative of high botanical quality. Traditional Hay Meadows sites had the lowest species richness (mean: 29 species per site) and were dominated by species associated with improved grassland. Some THM sites had good levels of botanical richness and were similar in composition to Natura sites, with some Natura sites having lower vegetation quality, more similar to that of THM sites. Species-Rich Grassland had botanical richness that was intermediate between THM and Natura sites. A thorough assessment of the effectiveness of these measures was confounded by a lack of quantitative objectives for the target community composition to be attained. We discuss limitations and potential opportunities regarding the design, targeting, implementation and cost-effectiveness of these agri-environment measures.
Behaviour of tail-docked lambs tested in isolation
Authors: Marchewka Joanna , Beltrán de Heredia Ina , Averós Xavier , Ruiz Roberto , Zanella Adroaldo J. , Calderón Díaz Julia Adriana , Estevez Inma
Published: January 2017

The aims of the current study were to detect behavioural indicators of pain of tail-docked sheep tested in isolation and to determine the relationship between behaviour and the pain levels to which they were exposed. Twenty-four female lambs, randomly assigned to four pens, had their tail docked with a rubber ring (TD; n = 6) without pain control procedures, TD with anaesthesia (TDA; n = 6) or TD with anaesthesia and analgesia (TDAA; n = 6). Additionally, six lambs handled but without tail docking or application of pain relief measures were used as the control (C). On the day prior (Day –1) to the TD and on days 1, 3 and 5 post-procedure, each lamb was individually removed from its group and underwent a 2.5 min open field test in a separate pen. Frequencies of behaviours such as rest, running, standing, walking and exploring were directly observed. Frequencies of exploratory climbs (ECs) and abrupt climbs (ACs) over the testing pen’s walls were video-recorded. Data were analysed using generalised linear mixed models with repeated measurements, including treatment and day as fixed effects and behaviour on Day –1 as a linear covariate. Control and TDAA lambs stood more frequently than TD lambs. TD lambs performed significantly more ACs compared to all other treatment groups. No other treatment effects were detected. A day effect was detected for all behaviours, while the EC frequency was highest for all tail-docked lambs on Day 5. Findings suggest that standing, ACs and ECs could be used as potential indicators of pain in isolated tail-docked lambs. However, differences in ECs between treatments only appeared 3 d after tail docking.
Local Entropy Production Rates in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Siemer Marc , Marquardt Tobias , Valadez Huerta Gerardo , Kabelac Stephan
Published: January 2017

A modeling study on a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by means of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is presented. The developed model considers a one-dimensional cell in steady-state operation. The temperature, concentration and electric potential profiles are calculated for every domain of the cell. While the gas diffusion and the catalyst layers are calculated with established classical modeling approaches, the transport processes in the membrane are calculated with the phenomenological equations as dictated by the non-equilibrium thermodynamics. This approach is especially instructive for the membrane as the coupled transport mechanisms are dominant. The needed phenomenological coefficients are approximated on the base of conventional transport coefficients. Knowing the fluxes and their intrinsic corresponding forces, the local entropy production rate is calculated. Accordingly, the different loss mechanisms can be detected and quantified, which is important for cell and stack optimization.
Stability and Thermodynamic Restrictions for a Dual-Phase-Lag Thermal Model
Authors: Fabrizio Mauro , Lazzari Barbara , Tibullo Vincenzo
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the seeming inconsistency highlighted by Fabrizio and Lazzari (Stability and second law of thermodynamics in dual-phase-lag heat conduction,
Pitfalls of Exergy Analysis
Authors: Vágner Petr , Pavelka Michal , Maršík František
Published: January 2017

The well-known Gouy–Stodola theorem states that a device produces maximum useful power when working reversibly, that is with no entropy production inside the device. This statement then leads to a method of thermodynamic optimization based on entropy production minimization. Exergy destruction (difference between exergy of fuel and exhausts) is also given by entropy production inside the device. Therefore, assessing efficiency of a device by exergy analysis is also based on the Gouy–Stodola theorem. However, assumptions that had led to the Gouy–Stodola theorem are not satisfied in several optimization scenarios, e.g. non-isothermal steady-state fuel cells, where both entropy production minimization and exergy analysis should be used with caution. We demonstrate, using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, a few cases where entropy production minimization and exergy analysis should not be applied.
Taboos and euphemisms in sex-related signs in Asian sign languages
Authors: Sze Felix Y. B. , Wei Monica Xiao , Wong Aaron Yiu Leung
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates sex-related euphemisms in four Asia sign languages, namely, Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL), Jakarta Sign Language (JakSL) (Indonesia), Sri Lankan Sign Language (SLSL) and Japanese Sign Language (JSL). It aims at finding out if direct visual reference to sex-related body parts or concepts is taboo to Deaf signers and if this is the case, what strategies they adopt to form the corresponding euphemistic expressions. It will be argued that even though Deaf signers are used to the visual explicitness of the signing modality, the highly iconic nature of certain sex-related signs can still be offensive at times, thus giving rise to euphemistic expressions. While certain euphemistic strategies by the Deaf signers target at toning down the degree of visual iconicity originally associated with the taboo signs, most of the remaining strategies show striking resemblance to those used in spoken languages, suggesting the universality of these verbal politeness strategies across language modalities.
Cross-linguistic patterns in the structure, function, and position of (object) complement clauses
Authors: Schmidtke-Bode Karsten , Diessel Holger
Published: January 2017

The present contribution examines object complement clauses from the perspective of constituent-order typology. In particular, it provides the first principled empirical investigation of the position of object clauses relative to the matrix verb. Based on a stratified sample of 100 languages, we establish that there is an overall cross-linguistic preference for postverbal complements, due largely to the heterogeneous ordering patterns in OV-languages. Importantly, however, we also show that the position of complement clauses correlates with aspects of their structural organization: Preverbal complement clauses are significantly more likely to be coded by morphosyntactically “downgraded” structures than postverbal complements. Given that previous research has found a parallel correlation between structural downgrading and the semantics of the complement-taking predicate (
Sociolinguistic factors associated with the subjectively and objectively measured language development in German preschoolers in three follow-up studies
Authors: Zaretsky Eugen , Lange Benjamin P.
Published: January 2017

The study aimed at an analysis of sociolinguistic variables associated with the language acquisition progress between the first and the second test sessions in three follow-up studies with German preschool children. In all three samples, children acquiring German, both Germans and immigrants, were tested twice with validated language tests within a time span of several months. Furthermore, language skills of children were judged by daycare center teachers. The language competence of normally developed test subjects did not change much between two test sessions, whereas children acquiring German under more challenging circumstances were still in the process of active development, mostly due to the daycare center attendance, language courses, and medical therapies. Therefore, contra-intuitively at first sight, the following factors were associated with the quick progress in language development (floor effect): bad school marks for the language competence at the beginning of the daycare attendance, low age at the first test session, not regular attendance of the daycare centers, late contact to the German language, foreign language(s) spoken at home, medical issues, and some other unfavorable language acquisition conditions.
How languages acquire new grammatical elements: The story of ka(n)- series in Modern Greek retold
Authors: Veloudis Ioannis
Published: January 2017

In this paper I discuss the creative rendezvous of necrotizing habituation with the speakers’ reviving – if not artful – imagination in negative responses. Ιn particular, I reconsider the so-called
From time to space: The impact of aspectual categories on the construal of motion events: The case of Tunisian Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: von Stutterheim Christiane , Bouhaous Abbassia , Carroll Mary
Published: January 2017

Motion events and their linguistic form have been studied extensively over the past decades from a typological as well as a psycholinguistic point of view. While many studies take
Emergent communicative norms in a contact language: Indirect requests in heritage Russian
Authors: Dubinina Irina Y. , Malamud Sophia A.
Published: January 2017

The present paper contributes to the study of speech act pragmatics, language contact, bilingualism, and heritage languages by bringing attention to the pragmatics of a contact language, heritage Russian (HR). The current study has a descriptive orientation, its main goal being to create a baseline for the pragmatic competence of speakers with incomplete acquisition of L1, which characterizes language contact in immigrant populations. We focus on communicative strategies and the choice of linguistic forms in requests made by heritage speakers of Russian, native speakers of full Russian, and native speakers of American English. The specific research questions explored in this study are: Is the linguistic variable – the form of polite requests – correlated with the population (speakers of HR vs. speakers of full Russian)? How do the differences play out? Do HR speakers have their own communicative norms? If yes, did these new norms develop under the influence of English or as a result of language-internal restructuring? We report that HR exhibits evidence of developing its own conventions for expressing polite requests which differ from the corresponding conventions in full Russian. Specifically, HR speakers use significantly more impersonal modals than monolingual native speakers of Russian in informal scenarios and rely on increased syntactic complexity to mark polite requests in formal scenarios. In indirect requests produced in both types of scenarios, HR speakers overuse the downgrader
Entropy Generation with nonlinear heat and Mass transfer on MHD Boundary Layer over a Moving Surface using SLM
Authors: Bhatti M. M. , Rashidi M. M. , Pop I.
Published: January 2017

In this article, entropy generation with combined effects of thermal radiation and chemical reaction on MHD boundary layer over a moving surface has been investigated. The governing flow comprises of linear momentum equation, energy, and concentration equations which are modified with the help of similarity variables. The reduced resulting nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved with the help of Successive linearization method (SLM) and Chebyshev spectral collocation method. The impact of all the physical parameters is demonstrated numerically and graphically. A detailed analysis have been given for all the pertinent parameters such as Hartmann number, porosity parameter, Prandtl number, radiation parameter, suction/injection parameter, moving parameter, Brinkmann number, Reynolds number, chemical reaction parameter and Schmidt number on velocity, temperature, concentration and entropy profile as well as the Skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also conducted. The numerical comparison has also been given to the existing published literature.
Solitons and other solutions to the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger type equations
Authors: El-Borai M. M. , El-Owaidy H. M. , Ahmed Hamdy M. , Arnous A. H. , Mirzazadeh M.
Published: January 2017

Nonlinear Schrödinger type equations arise from a wide variety of fields, such as fluids, nonlinear optics, the theory of deep water waves, plasma physics, and so on. In this paper, two integration schemes are employed to obtain solitons, periodic waves and other forms of solutions of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger type equations. The two schemes that are studied in this paper are the Bäcklund transformation of Riccati equation and the trial solution method.
Chaos Suppression in Fractional order Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator in Wind Turbine Systems
Authors: Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Karthikeyan Anitha , Duraisamy Prakash
Published: January 2017

In this paper we investigate the control of three-dimensional non-autonomous fractional-order uncertain model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) via a adaptive control technique. We derive a dimensionless fractional order model of the PMSM from the integer order presented in the literatures. Various dynamic properties of the fractional order model like eigen values, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation and bicoherence are investigated. The system chaotic behavior for various orders of fractional calculus are presented. An adaptive controller is derived to suppress the chaotic oscillations of the fractional order model. As the direct Lyapunov stability analysis of the robust controller is difficult for a fractional order first derivative, we have derived a new lemma to analyze the stability of the system. Numerical simulations of the proposed chaos suppression methodology are given to prove the analytical results derived through which we show that for the derived adaptive controller and the parameter update law, the origin of the system for any bounded initial conditions is asymptotically stable.
We like to talk about smell: A worldly take on language, sensory experience, and the Internet
Authors: Alač Morana
Published: January 2017

Western languages have been marked by their lack of specialized vocabulary to express odor qualities, and thus it is stated that it is difficult – if not impossible – to talk about smell. To engage the issue of olfactory ineffability, this paper turns to actual instances of textual renderings of smell by paying attention to how the olfactory language of scent enthusiasts is rendered on the Internet. The methods that enthusiasts’ texts inscribe do not rely on specialized vocabulary but constitute a language that is
Clues as information, the semiotic gap, and inferential investigative processes, or making a (very small) contribution to the new discipline, Forensic Semiotics
Authors: Sørensen Bent , Thellefsen Torkild , Thellefsen Martin
Published: January 2017

In this article, we try to contribute to the new discipline Forensic Semiotics – a discipline introduced by the Canadian polymath Marcel Danesi. We focus on clues as information and criminal investigative processes as inferential. These inferential (and Peircean) processes have a certain complexity consisting of the interrelation between the collateral observations of the investigator, e. g., his background knowledge concerning criminal and technical analysis, the context that the investigator acts within or in relation to (the universe of discourse), e. g., the scene of crime or the criminal law, as well as the clues as information that will cause the inferential processes in the first place. We believe that this focus can tell us something about crime solving that is not just sensitive to epistemological factors (how to know), but also ontological (what to know) and normative factors as well (how to value the processes of crime solving).
The Transformations of Abduction: From the Inferential Model to the Logic of Relatives
Authors: Guagnano Giacinto Davide
Published: January 2017

This article traces the evolution of C. S. Peirce’s notion of abduction and proposes an interpretation of this evolution in light of the philosopher’s own theory of categories. It shows the shift from the inferential and propositional model developed in On a New List of Categories in 1867 and Some Consequences of Four Incapacities in 1868, focused on the category of Firstness (quality) to the post-1890 evenemential model. In this post-1890 model, Firstnesses, events expressed by the verb of the proposition, are generated in their opposition to other Firstnesses (the relation of Secondnesses) from a tendency to action or general habit, Thirdness. Parallel to this, the article also shows the shift from the first formulation of the notion of abduction, which replaced the multiplicity of qualities with a comprehensive predicate that implied all of them to the discovery of the diagrammatic reasoning and Logic of Relatives, which confers greater importance to the category of Thirdness and transforms the abductive movement into a transductive one.
Inédit 1 (1964): Réflexions sur les possibilités d’une description de l’histoire de la linguistique
Authors: Greimas Algirdas J.
Published: January 2017

The Wenner-Gren Foundation symposium “Revolution vs. Continuity in the Study of Language” invites speakers to discuss the applicability of Thomas Kuhn’s 1962 essay to linguistics. Kuhn does well to posit an autonomous epistemological plane, to take account of the sociology of knowledge, and to focus on the history of structures rather than of fleeting events. On the other hand, he presents each science as essentially stagnant throughout most of time, and offers an atemporal and harmonious view of how one “paradigm” replaces its predecessor; Kuhnian history emerges as a succession of synchronies. The portrayal ignores that if paradigms emerge at successive moments, old and new overlap and coexist in tension. Constructing each science as an independent system, it also neglects dynamics that cross or connect disciplines, including generalized systems of thought, and outlooks common to an entire society at a given era.

Whereas sciences today are familiar with synchronic systems, effective models of those structures’ diachronic transformation are lacking. Rather than Kuhn’s or Hegel’s a priori and overly general schemas, inductive approaches based on the linguistic analysis of scholarship or researchers’ autobiographical testimonies could provide better results. In the interim, adopting Braudel’s concept of history as encompassing events belonging to three distinct chronological orders ranging from quotidian to multi-secular, we can see that a Kuhnian revolution alters views characteristic of a discipline during a given period, but only changes portions of the overall field as it has developed throughout time. This conception reconciles synchrony and diachrony. Rather than prolonged periods of inactivity, we observe a constant scientific praxis which transforms paradigms defined as open, their possibilities always exceeding their extant realizations. Such paradigmatic variations cannot account for exceptional scientific revolutions which exceed their scale, such as the invention of writing, and which represent instead breakthroughs in a model’s effectiveness, in its ability to transform reality and human experience. The contemporary project for a structural semantics aims to achieve a second linguistic revolution by constructing a new language which can serve as the science of humanity, an anthropology comparable to the mathematics used in the life sciences.
Inédit 3 (1986): Le sens et la musique. Propos recueillis par Marcello Castellana (1986)
Authors: Greimas Algirdas J. , Castellana Marcello , Cesar Marina Maluli
Published: January 2017

In this 1986 interview by his doctoral student Marcello Castellana, Greimas sketches a number of avenues in which semiotics could explore music. In the framework of his research that culminated in
Casimir Friction and Near-field Radiative Heat Transfer in Graphene Structures
Authors: Volokitin A.I.
Published: January 2017

The dependence of the Casimir friction force between a graphene sheet and a (amorphous) SiO2 substrate on the drift velocity of the electrons in the graphene sheet is studied. It is shown that the Casimir friction is strongly enhanced for the drift velocity above the threshold velocity when the friction is determined by the resonant excitation of the surface phonon–polaritons in the SiO2 substrate and the electron–hole pairs in graphene. The theory agrees well with the experimental data for the current–voltage dependence for unsuspended graphene on the SiO2 substrate. The theories of the Casimir friction and the near-field radiative energy transfer are used to study the heat generation and dissipation in graphene due to the interaction with phonon–polaritons in the (amorphous) SiO2 substrate and acoustic phonons in graphene. For suspended graphene, the energy transfer coefficient at nanoscale gap is ~ three orders of magnitude larger than the radiative heat transfer coefficient of the blackbody radiation limit.
Sexual Dimorphism of Body Size Is Controlled by Dosage of theX-Chromosomal GeneMycand by the Sex-Determining GenetrainDrosophila
Authors: Mathews Kristina Wehr , Cavegn Margrith , Zwicky Monica
Published: January 2017

Drosophila females are larger than males. In this article, we describe how X-chromosome dosage drives sexual dimorphism of body size...

Drosophila females are larger than males. In this article, we describe how X-chromosome dosage drives sexual dimorphism of body size through two means: first, through unbalanced expression of a key X-linked growth-regulating gene, and second, through female-specific activation of the sex-determination pathway. X-chromosome dosage determines phenotypic sex by regulating the genes of the sex-determining pathway. In the presence of two sets of X-chromosome signal elements (XSEs), Sex-lethal (Sxl) is activated in female (XX) but not male (XY) animals. Sxl activates transformer (tra), a gene that encodes a splicing factor essential for female-specific development. It has previously been shown that null mutations in the tra gene result in only a partial reduction of body size of XX animals, which shows that other factors must contribute to size determination. We tested whether X dosage directly affects animal size by analyzing males with duplications of X-chromosomal segments. Upon tiling across the X chromosome, we found four duplications that increase male size by >9%. Within these, we identified several genes that promote growth as a result of duplication. Only one of these, Myc, was found not to be dosage compensated. Together, our results indicate that both Myc dosage and tra expression play crucial roles in determining sex-specific size in Drosophila larvae and adult tissue. Since Myc also acts as an XSE that contributes to tra activation in early development, a double dose of Myc in females serves at least twice in development to promote sexual size dimorphism.
The Relative Contributions of theXChromosome and Autosomes to Local Adaptation
Authors: Lasne Clémentine , Sgrò Carla M , Connallon Tim
Published: January 2017

Models of sex chromosome and autosome evolution yield key predictions about the genomic basis of adaptive divergence, and such models have been...

Models of sex chromosome and autosome evolution yield key predictions about the genomic basis of adaptive divergence, and such models have been important in guiding empirical research in comparative genomics and studies of speciation. In addition to the adaptive differentiation that occurs between species over time, selection also favors genetic divergence across geographic space, with subpopulations of single species evolving conspicuous differences in traits involved in adaptation to local environmental conditions. The potential contribution of sex chromosomes (the X or Z) to local adaptation remains unclear, as we currently lack theory that directly links spatial variation in selection to local adaptation of X-linked and autosomal genes. Here, we develop population genetic models that explicitly consider the effects of genetic dominance, effective population size, and sex-specific migration and selection on the relative contributions of X-linked and autosomal genes to local adaptation. We show that X-linked genes should nearly always disproportionately contribute to local adaptation in the presence of gene flow. We also show that considerations of dominance and effective population size—which play pivotal roles in the theory of faster-X adaptation between species—have surprisingly little influence on the relative contribution of the X chromosome to local adaptation. Instead, sex-biased migration is the primary mediator of the strength of spatial large-X effects. Our results yield novel predictions about the role of sex chromosomes in local adaptation. We outline empirical approaches in evolutionary quantitative genetics and genomics that could build upon this new theory.
Nutritional Control of Chronological Aging and Heterochromatin inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: McCleary David F , Rine Jasper
Published: January 2017

Calorie restriction extends life span in organisms as diverse as yeast and mammals through incompletely understood mechanisms.The role of NAD+...

Calorie restriction extends life span in organisms as diverse as yeast and mammals through incompletely understood mechanisms.The role of NAD+-dependent deacetylases known as Sirtuins in this process, particularly in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is controversial. We measured chronological life span of wild-type and sir2Δ strains over a higher glucose range than typically used for studying yeast calorie restriction. sir2Δ extended life span in high glucose complete minimal medium and had little effect in low glucose medium, revealing a partial role for Sir2 in the calorie-restriction response under these conditions. Experiments performed on cells grown in rich medium with a newly developed genetic strategy revealed that sir2Δ shortened life span in low glucose while having little effect in high glucose, again revealing a partial role for Sir2. In complete minimal media, Sir2 shortened life span as glucose levels increased; whereas in rich media, Sir2 extended life span as glucose levels decreased. Using a genetic strategy to measure the strength of gene silencing at HML, we determined increasing glucose stabilized Sir2-based silencing during growth on complete minimal media. Conversely, increasing glucose destabilized Sir-based silencing during growth on rich media, specifically during late cell divisions. In rich medium, silencing was far less stable in high glucose than in low glucose during stationary phase. Therefore, Sir2 was involved in a response to nutrient cues including glucose that regulates chronological aging, possibly through Sir2-dependent modification of chromatin or deacetylation of a nonhistone protein.
Aphakia korrekciója irisklip műlencse retropupillaris beültetésével
Authors: Szabó Antal , Papp András , Borbándy Ágnes , D. Géhl Zsuzsanna , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Resch Miklós
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: The correction of aphakia might be a challenge for the surgeon. The aim of this study is to describe the authors’ experience with the implantation of the retropupillary iris clip intraocular lens. Method: Patients between January 2014 and December 2015 were included in the retrospective study. Retropupillary implantation of iris clip intraocular lens VRSA 54 (AMO Advanced Medical Optics, USA) was performed in all cases. The minimum follow up period was three months. The stability of the intraocular lens and the intraoperative and postoperative complications and the visual acuity were evaluated. Results: During this time period 11 cases (1 female, 10 males) were included in the study. The mean age at the time of the implantation was 57.7 years (between 25–74 years). In 4 cases the iris clip lens was implanted during the first intervention, in 7 cases during the secondary procedure. In all cases the lens was fixated onto the iris posteriorly. The best corrected visual acuity before the iris clip implantation was 0.43 (0.1–1.0) and postoperatively at the time of the follow up 0.49 (0.04–1.0). Conclusions: With the use of the retropupillary implanted iris clip intraocular lens all of the patients could have been rehabilitated without major complications. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(1), 20–24.
Koraszülött gyermekek kétéves kori pszichomotoros fejlődése társas-környezeti tényezők függvényében
Authors: Kenyhercz Flóra , Nagy Beáta
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: The development of children born prematurely is an important aspect in public health, because preterm birth rates are not decreasing with the development of medical sciences. Aim: Description of psychomotor development of preterm children related to potentially influencing environmental factors. Method: Children born below 2.500 grams at the age of two (n = 75). Psychomotor development, quality of home environment, socio-demographic background were measured. Results: Lower birth weight was associated with lower development quotients. Psychomotor development was also negatively affected by child deprivation, low levels of cognitive stimulation and maternal empathy, regardless of birth weight. Increased performance loss was found related to lower sociodemographic variables, such as low maternal education or ethnicity. Conclusion: Psychomotor development of 2-year-old premature children is affected by the examined social-environmental factors. We recommend the screening and developmental interventions for premature children as early as possible, thus preventing difficulties in mental and motor development in the future. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(1), 31–38.
Nagyérvasculitisek korszerű kezelése
Authors: Szabó Melinda Zsuzsanna , Kiss Emese
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis classified to large vessel vasculitides have similar histopathology in the vascular wall proposing that these entities can be different phenotypes on a spectrum of a single disorder. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of therapy combined with cyclophosphamide, azatioprine and mycofenolate mofetil, when it is required. However, a significant proportion of patients are glucocorticoid-dependent despite of the conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and suffer from serious side effects of the steroids, therefore alternate options for more effective disease management are needed. The article reviews the advances in the treatment of large vessel vasculitides. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors seem to be effective in Takayasu arteritis, but have a little benefit in giant cell arteritis. Interleukin-6 inhibitor appears very promising in both refractory giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis as well. Abatacept and ustekinumab also seem to be a good choice for the therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(1), 5–12.
A szájüreg baktériumflórájának összefüggése az anastomosiselégtelenség következményeivel nyelőcső- és cardiatumoros betegeknél
Authors: Balázs Ákos , Winkler Beáta , Kristóf Katalin , Harsányi László , Bokor Lívia
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: In the course of anastomotic insufficiency following resection of esophageal cancers the bacterial compound of the esophageal substance has a remarkable, presumable role in the outcome of complications. Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the consequences of the anastomotic leak with the bacterial flora of patients’ oral cavity. Method: In this prospective study a total of 131 patients were investigated directly before the surgical intervention taking a bacterial sample. Bacterial flora of patients’ oral cavity was analysed; and the correlation between the consequences of the anastomotic leak and the content of the bacterial flora was examined. Results: Pathogenic bacteria in the oral microflora in 50 cases (38.2%) was found. Statistically significant, moderate correlation was found between the severity of the complication and the incidence of pathogenic bacteria (rs = 0.553; p≤0.05). Conclusions: Pathogenic agent in the microbial flora might induce higher risk and more severe outcome in case of anastomotic leakage and it might be evaluated as a determinative factor. Consideration of the bacterial flora of the oral cavity requires more attention in the preoperative preparation than before and it demands the change of the current practice. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(1), 25–30.
A preoperatív antibiotikus és antiszeptikus kezelés hatása a műtéti úton eltávolított alsó bölcsességfogak sebgyógyulására – prospektív randomizált vizsgálat
Authors: Kaposvári István , Körmöczi Kinga , László Zsuzsa Beáta , Oberna Ferenc , Horváth Ferenc , Joób-Fancsaly Árpád
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: The study compares the antibiotic prophylaxis combined with postoperative antibiotic therapy to preoperative chlorhexidine rinse combined with postoperative antibiotic therapy in preventing complications after surgical removal of a mandibular third molar. Method: 71 healthy patients in four groups were enrolled in the study: I. prophylactic dose of 2000 mg of amoxicillin clavulanate, continued with amoxicillin clavulanate postoperatively; II. prophylactic dose of 600 mg of clindamycin, continued with clindamycin postoperatively; III. prophylactic chlorhexidin rinsing, continued randomized amoxicillin clavulanate or clindamycin postoperatively; IV. control, with clindamycin postoperatively. Results: The pain was smaller in the prophylaxis groups. Alveolitis occurred only in the control group: 2 patients. Wound opening occurred in 22,2 % in group IV., 14,2 % in group II, 10 % in group I., 5 % in group III. Conclusion: We consider completing the indicated postoperative antibiotic prescription with antibiotic or antiseptic prophylaxis. Chlorhexidin prophylaxis could have the same positive effect. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(1), 13–19.
Effects of growth temperature on structural properties of ZnO thin films
Authors: Kim Kwang-Sik , Lee Jung-Ho , Kim Hyoun-Woo
Published: January 2017

Highly-oriented ZnO thin films have been successfully deposited on (100)Si by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at 250°C∼400°C. We report on the structural properties of ZnO thin film at various temperatures. The crystallinity of thin films improved and the surface smoothness decreased with increasing growth temperature. In x-ray reflection analysis with respect to ZnO (0002) peak, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.4°was achieved at 400°.
‘I dare’: experiences of young adults at risk participating in a one-year inclusive-theatre project in Norway
Authors: Andvig Ellen , Hummelvoll Jan Kåre
Published: January 2017

Introduction: In Norway one of three young people drop out of high school. For young people to be on the outside of education or work may develop feelings of isolation and lack of control, resulting in alienation from both authority and community that may further marginalize them. Some develop mental-health problems.Aim: The aim of this study was to describe and interpret the experiences of young persons neither in school nor working who participated in a one-year inclusive-theatre project. The research questions were as follows: How do the participants describe their experiences with inclusive theatre related to self-image? How does participating in inclusive theatre affect their social belonging and participation? Method: Three multi-stage focus-group interviews with participants were carried out. The data material was analysed with thematic content analysis.Findings: The main theme was ‘a changed self-image’ and four sub-themes emerged: ‘increased self-confidence’, ‘increased ability to cope’, ‘responsibility’, and ‘connectedness to others and society’.Conclusion: Through increased self-esteem, the participants explored opportunities to form their own development and to find a way to pursue their goals as part of society. They dared to meet the challenges which had provided them with good experiences and a more meaningful life. They went through a social process of empowerment where there was the recognition, promotion, and strengthening of their ability to satisfy their own needs, involving a mobilization of the necessary resources in order to feel in control of their own lives. They began to believe in a future with education, work, and friends.
Sinopsis de los conocimientos sobre los hongos alucinógenos mexicanos
Authors: Guzmán-H. Gastón
Published: January 2017

Debido a la posibilidad de que los hongos alucinógenos o psicotrópicos mexicanos ayuden a resolver problemas médicos, fundamentalmente relacionados con ciertas enfermedades mentales, son hoy objeto de una intensa investigación por parte de diversos institutos en varios países.
El herbario como base de estudios taxonómicos, florísticos y evolutivos
Authors: Sousa-S. Mario
Published: January 2017

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Avaliação do Impacto da Adoção do Sisu sobre o Perfil Médio do Aluno da Unifal-Mg
Authors: Monteiro Elisa Manso , Mazoto Henrique Bonnard , Cunha Rogério Grassetto Teixeira da
Published: January 2017

Resumo: Um dos objetivos do Sisu é a democratização do acesso às universidades federais. Testamos se isto ocorreu na Unifal-MG, analisando o perfil dos ingressantes. Previmos que após a adoção do Sisu haveria mais alunos oriundos de famílias com menor poder aquisitivo, de cidades mais distantes, do ensino médio público e com pais com baixo grau de escolarização. Somente a previsão sobre aumento da abrangência geográfica dos ingressantes não se confirmou. Sugerimos então que o Sisu pode ter representado uma democratização no acesso à Universidade pela comunidade local.

Palavras-chave: Ensino superior. Política educacional. Democratização. Perfil Socioeconômico.