bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portuguese adolescents diet quality, lifestyle variables and body composition, in relation to precise measures of maturity
Authors: Silva A.L. , Fragoso I. , Barrigas C. , Teles J.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:

A healthy diet reflects other healthy behaviours and contributes to better health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to describe the diet quality of Portuguese adolescents and its associations with physical activity, screen-time, sleep duration, and socioeconomic status, considering body composition and maturity.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study included 669 participants aged 10–17 years from four state schools in the Lisbon area, Portugal. The diet quality was obtained through the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), adapted for the Mediterranean diet. The lifestyle variables (physical activity, screen-time, sleep duration, and socioeconomic status) were reported in the Biosocial and Life Routine Questionnaire (RAPIL II). The fat mass (FM) was estimated from skinfolds thickness and body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the World Health Organization criteria. Maturity indicators were predicted and objectively measured. Analyses were stratified by sex.

RESULTS:

Participants showed a mean DQI-I of 50.0% and a high compliance with protein, iron, vitamin C, and cholesterol recommendations. More than 50% exhibit low vegetables and fruit consumption and high saturated fat, sodium and “empty calorie foods” intakes. Fruit, grain, fibre, iron, calcium, cholesterol, sodium, “empty calorie foods”, and fatty acid ratio showed significant sex differences ( p < 0.05), mainly due to age and physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall adolescents showed low diet quality. Most participants reported not to meet vegetable, fruit, grain, and fibre recommendations. Both, the older boys and with the lowest FM showed better adequacy for grain and fibre intakes, whereas worse compliance for cholesterol. Among girls, higher grain and calcium intake reflect higher levels of physical activity.
Multimodal imaging in urea cycle-related neurological disease – What can imaging after hyperammonemia teach us?
Authors: Sen Kuntal , Whitehead Matthew T. , Gropman Andrea L.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:

Urea cycle-related brain disease may take on variable neuroimaging manifestations, ranging from normal to abnormal with or without a signature appearance. In the past, we have described the usefulness of multimodal imaging in identifying biomarkers of neuronal injury in UCD patients. In this study, we report unique findings in an adolescent male with neonatal-onset OTC deficiency after an episode of hyperammonemia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Multiplanar, multisequence MR imaging (T1WI, T2WI, T2 FLAIR, diffusion weighted images and gradient echo) of the brain was performed on seven separate occasions over the course following the acute illness; first five exams were performed within 28 days of admission and the final two exams were performed approximately 3 and 5 months later.

RESULTS:

1.The initial MR revealed increased signal on T2WI in the basal ganglia, claustrum and frontoparietal white matter; which remained stable over time. By the 5th exam, signal changes had developed in frontal cortex; reflecting permanent injury. 2. DTI tractography of the corticospinal tracts displayed revealed diminution of the number of projectional and commissural fibers over time. 3. Blood flow measurements demonstrated hypoperfusion on the fifth exams followed by hyperperfusion on the final two studies. 4. MR spectroscopy demonstrated that glutamine was elevated during hyperammonemia with myoinositol reduction, reflecting osmotic buffering.

CONCLUSION:

This particular multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging showed novel, temporally specific manifestations over the disease course in OTC deficiency. This prospective imaging study expands our understanding of the effect of hyperammonemia on the structure and biochemistry of the nervous system.
Concesiones viales de cuarta generación (4G): Una estimación de su impacto económico y social
Authors: Castro Rodríguez Raúl , Bernal Castro Humberto
Published: February 2020

Este artículo presenta metodologías y aplicaciones como estudio de caso para cuantificar el impacto económico y social de las concesiones 4G en Colombia. Para el impacto económico se utilizaron los Multiplicadores Leontief derivados de la Matriz Insumo Producto la cual se construye para el estudio de caso de la Matriz Utilización Desagregada en Productos Nacionales e Importados reportada por el DANE. Estos multiplicadores permiten estimar la contribución de estos proyectos al crecimiento económico. El impacto social se analizó mediante el Índice de Pobreza Monetaria y el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional con la información reportada en la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares. Como estudio de caso para la aplicación de la metodología se utilizó el corredor Santana–Puerto Salgar localizado en Colombia. Los resultados generados por los Multiplicadores Leontief permiten calcular que por cada COP$1,0 invertido en las concesiones 4G, se generan COP$2,52 en términos brutos y COP$1,52 en términos netos. Este efecto multiplicativo genera un aporte al crecimiento del PIB nacional del 0,27%, 0,17% y 0,01% para los años 2018, 2019 y 2020 respectivamente, durante la etapa de construcción, y 0,04% anual entre 2022 y 2024 durante la etapa de operación del corredor. El impacto social se cuantificó mediante la reducción del número de personas pobres en los departamentos afectados; se espera una reducción del Índice de Pobreza Monetaria de 32,1% a 23,2% durante la etapa de construcción y operación, y una reducción de 12,4% a 10,2% del Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional para el mismo periodo.
Percepciones del riesgo asociado a la práctica del mototaxismo en Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Maza Ávila Francisco Javier , Fals Galezo María Paula , Espinosa Flórez Laura Cristina , Safar Cano Camila Fernanda , Licona Dáger Daniela
Published: February 2020

El objetivo fundamental de este artículo consiste en analizar los factores de riesgo asociados al oficio de mototaxista en Cartagena. Otro objetivo es el de estudiar la influencia que estos factores tienen en la percepción de los mototaxistas respecto a sufrir lesiones causadas por accidentes de tránsito. Los datos relacionados con los factores de riesgo y las percepciones sobre lesiones causadas por el tránsito, se obtuvieron de una encuesta estructurada construida por el equipo de investigadores, a partir de referencias de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y de la comunidad académica, y aplicada a un total de 403 personas que ejercen el oficio de mototaxista en Cartagena, asumiendo una población infinita y tomando como referencia un nivel de confianza del 95% y un error muestral del 4,9%. Los resultados arrojan que el oficio del mototaxismo lleva a quienes lo ejercen a estar constantemente expuestos a altos niveles de riesgos ambientales, físicos y psicológicos. Otro resultado fue que un gran porcentaje de los mototaxistas reconocen que el oficio representa un gran riesgo que los expone a accidentes de tránsito; sin embargo, se ven en la obligación de ejercer esta actividad al carecer de suficientes oportunidades de conseguir otro tipo de empleos.
Predicción de accidentes viales en Cartagena, Colombia, con árboles de decisión y reglas de asociación
Authors: Ospina-Mateus Holman , Quintana Jiménez Leonardo Augusto
Published: February 2020

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es predecir los factores asociados con la severidad en los accidentes viales de Cartagena (Colombia), la metodología está basada en técnicas de minería de datos como arboles de decisión (J48) y reglas de asociación (soporte, confianza, Lift). La investigación fue desarrollada con 10.053 registros de accidentes de tráfico entre 2016 y 2017, por medio del uso del Software WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis). En el análisis, la severidad fue definida de bajo riesgo (daños materiales), y alto riesgo (víctimas heridas y fatales), y su validación consideró la técnica transversal 10fold. Entre los resultados más significativos, se evidenció que los motociclistas y ciclistas son los actores viales más vulnerables, además los moto–usuarios entre los 20–39 años son propensos a accidentes viales con alta severidad. Finalmente, los factores de accidentalidad vial identificados ayudan a promover contramedidas para mejorar la seguridad vial de la ciudad.
Planificación regional y urbana: Un enfoque integrado espacio - tiempo
Authors: Banguero Lozano Harold
Published: February 2020

Los ejercicios de planificación se hacen generalmente en una sola dimensión, el tiempo o el espacio. Los planes de desarrollo, en los cuales se definen objetivos, metas, programas y proyectos a ejecutar en un horizonte de tiempo determinado y los de ordenamiento territorial, en los cuales se definen los usos de los suelos y la localización de las diferentes intervenciones humanas a realizar para garantizar un desarrollo territorialmente ordenado de una región o localidad, se elaboran generalmente, sin que exista un mínimo de alineación entre los dos ejercicios. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta de planificación en la cual se integran estas dos dimensiones aplicando dos principios fundamentales, ir del largo al corto plazo en la dimensión tiempo y del macro al micro territorio en la dimensión espacial. Posteriormente, se presenta una aplicación al caso del municipio de Buenaventura, en la región Pacífico colombiana. Se espera con ello, hacer una contribución al mejoramiento de la planificación regional y urbana en países en desarrollo.
Diferencias salariales y desajuste educativo en Colombia
Authors: Botello-Peñaloza Héctor Alberto , Guerrero-Rincón Isaac
Published: February 2020

Este artículo analiza el desajuste educativo en el primer empleo de los graduados de educación terciaria en Colombia y sus efectos en los ingresos laborales. Con base en los microdatos de dos encuestas (la encuesta longitudinal de protección social y la del Ministerio de Educación), se utilizó la metodología objetiva y subjetiva para calcular el desajuste en el año 2012. Los resultados muestran que entre un 22% y 35% de los egresados se encuentran sobre cualificados a la vez que ganan hasta un 4% menos que los correctamente educados. Ante esto, se debe impulsar la continua revisión de los contenidos teóricos en las asignaturas de la educación terciaria para que se adapten a las competencias reales a usar en el mercado laboral.
El consumo de energía eléctrica en el departamento de Tolima, Colombia, 2004 - 2016
Authors: Osorio Barreto Daniel , Perea Trujillo Marisol
Published: February 2020

Se presentan los resultados del estudio correlacional realizado entre las variables de producción departamental (PIB, PIB per cápita y empleo) y el crecimiento del consumo energético entre 2004 y 2016, para el departamento del Tolima. El propósito es conocer los factores macroeconómicos de la producción y el empleo que inciden en el consumo de energía, fundamentales para la adopción de políticas que aumenten la eficiencia de la economía y de la generación de energía eléctrica. La información fue tomada de bases de datos públicas. Se realizó un análisis de series de tiempo, detallando datos descriptivos. Se aplicó un modelo econométrico correlacional que arrojó como resultado una correlación moderada con una significancia del 10% entre las variables macroeconómicas y el consumo energético. Así, no se rechaza la hipótesis nula (H0), que establece que no existe una relación entre estas dinámicas.
AS TECNOLOGIAS DA COMUNICAÇÃO ON-LINE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: O PROFESSOR ON-LINE
Authors: Proetti Sidney
Published: February 2020

Neste texto serão abordados assuntos que vão contribuir para entender as práticas do comunicação on-line e como elas podem ser utilizadas para a interatividade entre professores e alunos do ensino superior. Ao longo do desenvolvimento, serão comentadas algumas tecnologias digitais/virtuais que contribuirão para a formação do raciocínio global necessário. Temas como a formação aberta no espaço virtual, a desterritorialização no espaço virtual e a (nova) ação docente mediada por tecnologia digital a distância: o professor on-line, permitirão a reflexão necessária para entender como as tecnologias de informação estão influenciando o trabalho docente e discente.

 

Palavras-chave: Comunicação on line; ciberespaço; formação virtual.
The Impact of Banking Sector on Economic Growth: Empirical Analysis from Palestinian Economy
Authors: Zidan Khaled , Jazar Yazan Abu , Gharbiah Majd Abu
Published: February 2020

This study attempts to investigate the impact of the Palestinian banking sector on economic growth that was measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the period 2005-2017. The researcher chose bank's credit as an explanatory variable which is measured by six independent variables namely Direct Credit Facilities (DCF), Indirect Credit Facilities (ICF), Loans to deposits (LTD), Deposits (DTGDP) Average Interest Rates (AIR) and Banks Investments in local financial securities (DTGDP). These variables are indicators of banking sector and affect the economic growth.  The data was collected from the audited annual reports of the sample banks, the Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA)'s annual reports and Association of Banks in Palestine. These variables had been used as a percentage of RGDP.  The findings and analysis revealed that there is weak relationship between the economic growth and the banking sector.
KAJIAN TERHADAP BESARAN DAYA DAN EFISIENSI ALAT PERANGKAT GENERATOR HHO SEDERHANA TIPE DRY CELL SEBAGAI BAHAN PADUAN PEMBAKARAN DALAM PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR
Authors: Dadang Rahmat
Published: February 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terhadap besaran daya dan efisiensi alat perangkat generator HHO sederhana tipe dry cell sebagai bahan paduan pembakaran dalam pada kendaraan bermotor. Metode yang dilakukan dengan mempergunakan proses elektrolisis. Elektrolisis adalah pengurangan suatu elektrolit oleh arus listrik pada sel-sel elektrolisis, dimana molekul air (H2O) menjadi molekul hidrogen dan oxigen (HHO) yang menggunakan arus listrik dalam larutan elektrolit. Proses ini terjadi pada susunan plat dengan ukuran dan ruas kisi-kisi yang telah ditentukan. Jumlah plat ada sebelas, dan hanya dua plat yang diberikan hantaran arus listrik langsung pada baterai DC dikutub positif dan negative. Dari dua kutub tersebut terjadi reaksi reduksi (katoda) dan reaksi oksidasi (anoda) dalam air yang di alirkan arus listrik langsung mengalir melalui sistem. Dalam penelitian ini gas hidrogen dan oksigen dihasilkan, dan laju produksi HHO meningkat serta kecepatan arus listrik yang dibutuhkan dalam proses elektrolisis. Kata kunci: Brown’s Gas, Elektrolisis, besaran daya dan efisiensi generator gas HHO.
GANGGUAN BERBICARA PSIKOGENIK PADA PENDERITA LATAH
Authors: Wildan M. , Effendi Dian
Published: February 2020

Abstrak Bahasa menjadi bagian penting dalam kehidupan, setiap hari manusia menggunakan bahasa sebagai media berkomunikasi. Adapun kelatahan berbicara yang terjadi pada seseorang menjadi faktor penghambat dalam suatu proses komunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk bahasa dan karakteristik berbicara latah pada karyawan men’s wear Sogo Plasa Senayan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan morfosintakasis dengan tujuan agar dapat diketahui bentuk bahasa serta penggunaan profaniti yang menjadi karakteristik berbahasa latah. Dalam pada itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa bentuk bahasa latah dapat berupa kata, frasa, klausa dan kalimat. Sementara karakteristik berbahasa latah dapat berupa kata makian seksual dan kata makian ringan. Kata kunci: psikolinguistik, latah, morfosintaksis, profaniti
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Spesies Dermatofita Penyebab Tinea Kruris di Pusat Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer
Authors: Aryani Inda Astri , Argentina Fifa , Diba Sarah , Darmawan Hari , Garfendo Grady
Published: February 2020

Dermatofita merupakan kelompok jamur yang mampu menginvasi keratin (kulit, kuku, rambut). Dermatofitosis di pangkal paha, genitalia, pubis, perineum, dan perianal disebut tinea kruris. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan klinis dan diperkuat dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan biakan. Isolasi spesies jamur dilakukan dengan agar dekstrosa Saboraud dan identifikasi dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopik menggunakan lactophenol cotton blue. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang dilakukan pada pasien tinea kruris di pusat kesehatan primer Palembangpada 60 subjek penelitian yang termasuk kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan hasil biakan, ditemukan 25 biakan jamur positif. Insidensi terbanyak pada usia kisaran 15-24 tahun dan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Sebagian besar pasien memiliki riwayat higienitas kurang baik dan tidak memiliki hewan peliharaan. Jamur Tricophyton rubrum diisolasi dari sebagian besar biakan (56%).
Levantamento dos principais fatores que contribuem para a evasão escolar no curso de Administração de uma instituição privada de ensino superior
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Rogério Cordeiro de , Costa Stella Regina Reis da
Published: February 2020

A boa qualidade da educação superior torna-se fundamental ao crescimento e desenvolvimento de um país, pois são os centros universitários que formam os profissionais que irão atuar como líderes e gestores das instituições públicas e privadas, administrando os seus recursos e cuidando da saúde e educação das novas gerações. A evasão de alunos dos cursos de nível superior, que impacta a formação de todos os profissionais, pode ter origem em vários fatores, cabendo às instituições de ensino superior buscar a implementação de soluções em seus processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo realizar um levantamento dos fatores que contribuem para a evasão de alunos de um curso de Administração de uma instituição privada de ensino auxiliando na proposta de ações para a redução da evasão escolar buscando melhorar a qualidade do ensino para manter o aluno matriculado e ativo no curso superior. Utilizou-se os conceitos da escala SERVQUAL de satisfação/insatisfação e outras abordagens da literatura para construção de um questionário distribuído a alunos de um curso de uma instituição privada de ensino superior. Após a coleta do questionário de pesquisa procedeu-se a análise dos resultados. Conclui-se que é necessária a adoção de medidas que humanizem as instituições e foquem no aluno, aproximando-o pelo exercício do diálogo, de forma a contribuir para a mitigação da evasão dos discentes de cursos de nível superior.

Palavras-chave: SERVQUAL, qualidade de serviço de ensino, evasão escolar.
The professionals of teaching and Burnout Syndrome: The basis of predictor variables and the imbalance between the nature of work and the nature of the person
Authors: Almeida Jânie Carla Martins , Dias Adailton di Lauro
Published: February 2020

The theme that generates for the study refers to Burnout Syndrome and its consequences as well as its relationship with the daily life of teaching professionals. This syndrome ends up affecting the psychological side and directly interfering in the health of the worker who is directly close to people, such as students/managers/coordinators/parents of students and the demands caused by these relationships and by daily life eventually triggering psychological pressures in the work sector, consequently impairing their health and well-being. It aims, therefore, to analyze the causes of burnout syndrome in teaching professionals. As a guiding problem of the research, we sought to investigate: How does the imbalance between the nature of work and the nature of the person triggering burnout syndrome in teaching professionals occur? Therefore, we sought through a bibliographic exploratory research of a qualitative nature to discuss conceptual and causal aspects of the syndrome, and especially its relations in the area of education. This article is some considerations about the stress, characteristics and symptomatology of burnout, prevention, as well as the theme about teachers sick with burnout syndrome, addressing the physical and mental health of these professionals. The results of the research show that these professionals, due to the lack of appropriate working conditions and tiredness, end up acquiring stress that may be physical or mental, as a result of this prolonged stress situation, the professional it comes into exhaustion due to an excessive effort that makes to meet the constant requests of energy, directly compromising the quality of life of the person and, consequently, of work.

Keywords: Stress, tiredness, education professionals, burnout syndrome.
Coğrafi işaretli ürünlerin gastronomi turizmi kapsamında değerlendirilmesi: Akdeniz bölgesi örneği
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu İrfan , Işın Alper , Yalçın Eren
Published: February 2020

Gastronomi yerleşikler ve bölgeyi ziyaret eden turistler arasında önemli bir bağ oluşturmasının yanı sıra somut olmayan kültürel değerlerin de aktarılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Gastronomi turizmi kapsamında yiyecekler, bölgeye turistlerin gelmesi için önemli bir çekim unsuru hatta başlı başına bir destinasyon tercihi olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle bölgesel kimliğin unsurlarını taşıyan yiyeceklerin coğrafi işaret alarak tescillenmesi destinasyonun gastronomi imajını güçlendirmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu kapsamda araştırma Akdeniz bölgesinde bulunan ve www.tripadvisor.com’a göre takip edilen yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Relationship of Physical Activities with Nutrition Status in Students at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan Deli Serdang District
Authors: Hasnizar  , Evawany Aritonang  , Etti Sudaryati
Published: February 2020

Adolescents are age group that is vulnerable to the nutritional problems. Factors that influence nutritional status in adolescents include physical activity. Physical activity including physical exercise which is one of the efforts to stabilize the intake and expenditure of food substances which is a priority source of energy in the body. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of physical activity with nutritional status in students at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang District in 2019. The type of research used was quantitative research with cross sectional research design. The results obtained by the relationship of physical activity with the nutritional status of students p value of 0.003 or smaller than 0.05. The conclusion of the study is that there is a relationship of physical activity with nutritional status in students at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan. Students who are doing physical activity have normal nutritional status because there is a balance between energy intake and expenditure.
The Perception of UINSU Students towards GO-JEK Online Transportation Services
Authors: Anang Anas Azhar  , Tri Ayu Andani Nasution
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the perception of Communication Science students of State Islamic University of North Sumatera (UINSU) Medan regarding the quality of services that are owned by GO-JEK Online. The theoretical framework used is new media theory, perception and service quality. This type of research uses methods descriptive quantitative research. The results showed that Communication Science students at Faculty of Social Sciences UINSU Medan had perceived GO-JEK as a good and credible online transportation. It can be seen from the results of physical appearance data, reliability, responsiveness, competence, politeness, credibility, security, access, communication and understanding have been stated well and good by users or consumers of GO-JEK. The results show an average of 79.37%. In terms of reliability which includes the extent to which information is obtained, it is stated that GO-JEK riders  will take passengers to their destination make passengers wait a long time.
Early outcome of Lichtenstein technique for complete variety of inguinal hernia repair in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kabir ASM Anwarul , Ahmad Imtiaz , Sharmin Mahbuba , Akhter Khaleda , Hoq Md Rashidul , Alam Mohammad Shahidul
Published: February 2020

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is very common in day to day general surgical practice. Result of surgical repair is often satisfactory but recurrences following surgery are troublesome both for the surgeon and the patient. Lichtenstein technique is now the most widely performed technique in groin hernia repair.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess short term outcome of complete variety of inguinal hernia repair by Lichtenstein technique.

Methodology: This was a prospective observational study in which 30 complete variety of inguinal hernia repairs were performed by Lichtenstein technique between January 2014 and December 2017 by same surgical team in surgery department, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital (HFRCMCH). Patients were scheduled for follow up visits at the end of first week, third month and sixth month after operation in out-patient department. The main outcome measures were postoperative complications, early recurrence, groin pain.

Result: In this study age of the patients ranged from 30 years to 78 years, the mean age was 51.93 (±SD 10.12) years. Most of the hernia were of indirect type 18(60%) followed by direct type 9(30%). In indirect type (55.6%) of the hernias was right sided and the rest (44.4%) were left sided. On an average each operation lasted for 1.18 hours and oral feeding started 12.69 hours after the operation, Postoperative mean hospital stay that was 2.27 days. Postoperative complications were 2(6.7%) had a prolonged recovery and presented with abdominal distention after operation and 3(10%) patients developed postoperative urinary retention. Scrotal haematoma formation was observed in 2(6.7%) cases and other post-operative complications were local haematoma or seroma formation in incision site, periincisional skin echymosis, postoperative pyrexia, superficial wound infection and post-operative pain were found in 1 (3.3%) cases. Regarding outcome no recurrence or mesh rejection or mesh infection were observed within short time postoperative follow up period.

Conclusion: In this study no recurrence or mesh rejection or mesh infection were observed within short time postoperative follow up period and patient's compliance was good with minimum morbidity. Therefore, Lichtenstein's technique of inguinal hernia repair considered as a safe and effective procedure.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 389-392
ANAYASALCILIK VE DEMOKRASİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: SÜREKLİ BİR ÇATIŞMA MI SİMBİYOTİK BİR BİRLİKTELİK Mİ?
Authors: KARADAŞ Atıl Buğra
Published: February 2020

Anayasalcılık ve demokrasi, farklı kökenlere sahip olan iki kavramdır. Kaynağını Antik Dünya’dan alan demokrasi, halk egemenliğine dayanır. Öte yandan anayasalcılık teorisi siyasi iktidarı, kaynağı kim olursa olsun, sınırlandırmak ve kısıtlamakla ilgilenmektedir. Her ne kadar ikisinin arasındaki bir çatışma kaçınılmaz gözükse de, bir arada var oluşa giden bir yol da vardır. Bu yol, demokrasinin var oluşundan önce gelen gerekleri olan siyasi eşitlik ve özgürlük pusulasının yardımıyla bulunabilir. İnsan tecrübesi, yığınların ve onların temsilcilerinin de mutlak krallar kadar tiranlığa yatkın olduğunu göstermektedir. Dahası anayasalcılık, halk iradesi yoluyla demokratik meşruiyete sahip olabilir. Dolayısıyla demokratik yöntemlerle kabul edilmiş anayasalar, en az yasama organınca çıkarılan kanunlar kadar meşru görülmelidir. Üstüne üstlük, anayasaların olağan yasaları yapan çoğunluklarca değiştirilememesi gayrimeşru görülemez; bu da bizi başa, demokrasinin var oluşundan önceki gereklerine götürür. Bununla beraber, illiberal demokrasi çağında anayasalcılığın demokrasiyi ve hakları koruyucu konumu sorgulanmaya açık bir niteliktedir.
DEVLET BAŞKANININ ANAYASAL DÖNEM SINIRINI UZATAN YA DA ORTADAN KALDIRAN ANAYASA DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİNİN ANAYASA DEĞİŞTİRME İKTİDARININ KÖTÜYE KULLANILMASI BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KAPLAN ARIK Aslıhan , EKİNCİ Ahmet
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışma, başkanlık dönem sınırlarını genişleten veya kaldıran anayasa değişiklik-lerini, anayasa değiştirme iktidarının kötüye kullanılması bağlamında incelemektedir. Modern liberal demokrasilerde norm, başkanlar halk tarafından seçilse bile, onları dönem sınırları vasıtasıyla sınırlamaktır. Dahası, ampirik veriler ve karşılaştırmalı ülke örnekleri sayesinde anlaşılmaktadır ki dönem sınırları sürdürülebilir bir demokrasi için gerekliliktir. Bununla birlikte, bazı ülkelerde, başkanlar, dönem sınırını genişleten ya da yürürlükten kaldıran anayasa değişikliklerini teşvik etmektedir. Bu ülkelerin liderleri, sınırsız tekrar seçilmenin demokrasiye uygun olduğunu savunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, bu çabanın ardındaki fikir, demokratik ve liberal bir anayasal fikrin yerine popülizm ve otoriter bir yönetim arzusuna dayanır çünkü bu çaba belirli bir kişiyi iktidarda tutmayı amaçlar. Bundan dolayı da demokratik değerler ile bağdaşmaz. Sonuç olarak bu anayasa değişiklikleri, çoğu zaman anayasacılık yöntemleri kullanılarak anayasayı ihlal etmek anlamına gelir. Yani anayasayı değiştirme iktidarının kötüye kullanılmasını faaliyetleridir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle, başkanlık dönemine sınır koymanın niçin kuvvetler ayrılığı, temel hak ve özgürlükler ve demokrasiden oluşan anayasacılık için bir gereklilik olduğunu inceledik. Akabinde ampirik veriler ışığında hangi anayasayı değiştirme yöntemlerinin başkanın görev süresi üzerindeki sınırları kaldırmak amacıyla kullanıldığını ampirik veri ışığında tahlil ettik.
MAHKEME DIŞI BOŞANMA KURUMU VE TÜRK HUKUKUNUN BU KURUMA YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: ÜREM ÇETİNEL Merve , GÜNEŞ Biset Sena
Published: February 2020

Boşanma usulü konusunda son yıllarda yaşanan gelişmelerden en önemlisi, anlaşmalı olarak gerçekleştirilmek istenen boşanmalarda eşlere mahkeme dışında, idari makamlar önünde boşanma imkanının verilmiş olmasıdır. Her ne kadar kamu düzeni ve özellikle boşanma sürecinde eşlerin ve çocukların korunması gerektiği düşüncesiyle aleyhinde görüşler ileri sürülmüş olsa da mahkeme dışı boşanma kurumu, mahkemelerin iş yükünü azaltması, eşleri yüksek mahkeme ve avukatlık ücretlerinden kurtarması ve boşanma sürecini hızlandırması gibi sebeplerle uygulaması günden güne artan bir kurumdur. Özellikle Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin bazılarında son yıllarda bu yönde yasal değişiklikler yapıldığı görülmektedir. Buna karşılık mahkeme dışı boşanma kurumu aile hukuku ilişkilerinin kamu düzenini yakıdan ilgilendirmesi ve boşanma sürecinde hâkiminrolü nedeniyle Türk hukukunda kabul görmemektedir. Ancak ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen boşanmaların önemli bir kısmının anlaşmalı olarak gerçekleştiği göz önüne alındığında, sağladığı avantajlar nedeniyle ileride doğru bir yasal düzenleme ile bu kurumun Türk hukukunda da kabul edilebileceği düşünülebilir.Bu çalışma mahkeme dışı boşanma kurumunu bazı ülke hukuklarından örneklerle ele almakta ve bu kurum karşısında Türk hukukunun mevcut yaklaşımını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
The Effect of 7E Learning Cycle Model toward Students' Learning Outcome of Basic Science Concept
Authors: Marfilinda Riri , Rossa Rona , Jendriadi Jendriadi , Apfani Sry
Published: February 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of the application of the 7E Learning Cycle Model to the learning outcomes of the Basic Science Concepts of SD 2. This research is a quasi experimental study with a Randomized pretest-posttest Control Group Design. The population of this study was all students of PGSD semester 2 STKIP ADZKIA Padang in the 2018/2019 school year. Samples were taken at random so one class was chosen as the experimental class and one class as the control class. The experimental class uses the Learning Cycle 7 E model while the control class uses the conventional model. The data collection technique is in the form of a learning outcome test (cognitive). The analysis of the research results uses the t test at a significance level of 5%. Based on the t test conducted, it was found that there were differences in student learning outcomes using learning with the learning model Cycle7E with conventional learning. Learning with Learning Cycle 7 E model gives an effect of 72% (moderate) to the improvement of student learning outcomes in the Basic Science Concept Course.
Optimal Model for Carsharing Station Location Based on Multi-Factor Constraints
Authors: Sai Qiuyue , Bi Jun , Chai Jinxian
Published: February 2020

The development of the sharing economy has made carsharing the main future development model of car rental. Carsharing network investment is enormous, but the resource allocation is limited. Therefore, the reasonable location of the carsharing station is important to the development of carsharing companies. On the basis of the current status of carsharing development, this research considers multiple influencing factors of carsharing to meet the maximum user demand. Meanwhile, the constraint of the limited cost of the company is considered to establish a nonlinear integer programming model for station location of carsharing. A genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem by analyzing the location model of the carsharing network. Finally, the results of a case study of Lanzhou, China show the effectiveness of the establishment and solution of the station location model.
Ultrasonic Transceiver with a Regular/Periodic 1-3 Piezocomposite Based on the SAW Resonance Mode on Damping Backing
Authors: Mezheritsky Alex
Published: February 2020

A novel effective vibrational mode was discovered in the conventional transducer with an array of orthogonal (square) regular piezoelectric rods in 1-3 piezocomposite, containing the damping backing and front matching layers. The operational resonance in the structure was determined as the Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) on the backing boundary excited by the adjacent piezo-rods, with its frequency typically near 3 times lower the fundamental half-lambda conventional piezocomposite resonance. Pulse-echo sensitivity and transmitting sound pressure level (SPL) in air showed that the signal strength is roughly comparable to the industrial similar air transducers at the frequency range 100–700 kHz, where at these frequencies the lateral and longitudinal piezoelement dimensions in the conventional transducer design are typically close to each other causing interference with unwanted coupling modes. As was determined theoretically and proved in experiments, the backing SAW resonance effect in the transducer performance is inherent just to the regular periodic 1-3 piezocomposite structure and does occur neither with randomly located/oriented piezo-rods nor in the homogeneous piezo-plate at least with the same lateral cross-section as the connected to it backing. The purpose of the article is to investigate a newly discovered operational vibrational mode of a SAW type in 1-3 regular piezocomposite, other than piezoelectric resonance. The investigated phenomena can improve the transceiver sensitivity and bandwidth, providing lower drive voltage and smaller and lighter weight ultrasonic transducers. Based on the piezocomposites with thickness’ 1–1.5 mm (rod resonance near 2–3 MHz), pillar width 0.2–0.8 mm, kerf width 0.1–0.4 mm, the transceivers with an operating frequency from 140 kHz to 650 kHz were designed and fabricated with a conventional backing of a mixture of high-density tungsten powder and epoxy and a matching layer of a mixture of low-density glass bubbles and epoxy. Experimental evaluation of their acoustical performance showed expected characteristics suitable for practical applications.
Effect of Four Pollinating Sources on Nutritional Properties of Medjool Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seeds
Authors: Salomón-Torres Ricardo , Sol-Uribe Jesús Arturo , Valdez-Salas Benjamín , García-González Conrado , Krueger Robert , Hernández-Balbuena Daniel , Norzagaray-Plasencia Susana , García-Vázquez Juan Pablo , Ortiz-Uribe Noé
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pollen source on the nutritional composition of seeds of the ‘Medjool’ date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under conditions of northwest Mexico. The content of nutrients (protein, lipids, fiber, and ash), sugars (total, reducing, and non-reducing), and most abundant minerals, were evaluated, as well as antioxidant activities. The pollen of four cultivars (‘Deglet Noor’, ‘Khadrawy’, ‘Medjool’, and ‘Zahidi’) was selected. Four groups of three bunches were pollinated in each of the female palms. For the four treatments, the following ranges were obtained: Seeds had a weight of 1.32–1.41 g and low concentrations of protein (4.44–5.49 g/100 g) and lipids (9.62–10.19 g/100 g). The content of dietary fiber and ash was 59.65–72.59 g/100 g and 1.09–1.42 g/100 g, respectively. Total sugars content was 4.50–6.96 g/100 g, while the insoluble solids were 92.21–96.03 g/100 g. The predominant mineral was potassium with 399.97–459.79 mg/100 g dry weight, followed by sulfur with 135.51–162.67 mg/100 g dry weight. Finally, for antioxidant activities, DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay results were 0.0014–0.0094 IC50 g/L and 0.176–0.299 IC50 g/L, respectively. The pollen sources had an effect on the physicochemical properties of the seeds of the ‘Medjool’ cultivar date. However, some of the parameters (diameter, total acidity, pH) did not show statistically significant differences. The pollen sources from the ‘Khadrawy’ and ‘Medjool’ cultivars were the ones that induced differences in physical, proximate, and nutritional parameters, while pollen from the ‘Zahidi’ source induced the largest differences for minerals. The results suggest that selection of the source of pollen has a significant effect on the nutritional properties of the date seed from the cultivar ‘Medjool’, and that its use could be feasible as a functional food or by-product of the date production.
Phenotypic Characterization of 183 Turkish Common Bean Accessions for Agronomic, Trading, and Consumer-Preferred Plant Characteristics for Breeding Purposes
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Azhar , Karaköy Tolga , Yeken Mehmet Zahit , Habyarimana Ephrem , Hatipoğlu Ruştu , Çiftçi Vahdettin , Nawaz Muhammad Amjad , Sönmez Ferit , Shahid Muhammad Qasim , Yang Seung Hwan , Chung Gyuhwa , Baloch Faheem Shehzad
Published: February 2020

Plant landraces represent a repository of a gene pool, local adaptation of their domestic species, and thereby are considered a great source of genetic variations. Such genetic variation can be helpful to mitigate the current and future food challenges. A total of 183 common bean accessions including three commercial varieties collected from 19 Turkish provinces were grown to record their morpho-agronomic variations and to evaluate the best performing accessions under multi-environmental conditions. Plant height, days to maturity, pods weight, seed length, and 100-seed weight were used to evaluate the best performing accessions under different environmental conditions. A wide range of variations for traits like days to maturity (99–161), plant height (21–168.7 cm), seed length (7.41–16.4 mm), seeds per plant (17.8–254.4), and 100-seeds weight (24.97–73.8 g) were observed and can be useful for breeding purposes. The analytic results derived from the first three eigenvectors suggested that plant height, plant weight, 100-seed weight, and days to flowering were biologically significant bean traits. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with plant weight and pods weight. Genotype × environment biplot discriminated the studied common bean accessions based on their plant height and growth habit. Plant height, days to maturity, seed width, and first pod height were found highly heritable traits and were least affected by environmental forces. Among 19 provinces, accessions of Bilecik showed maximum pods per plant, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight, while Erzincan and Sivas provinces reflected the prevalence of bushy and early maturing accessions. Information provided herein comprehensively explored the occurrence of genotypic variations which can be used for the development of candidate varieties responding to breeder, farmer, and consumer preferences.
Mild Water Stress Makes Apple Buds More Likely to Flower and More Responsive to Artificial Forcing— Impacts of an Unusually Warm and Dry Summer in Germany
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo , Luedeling Eike , Behrend Dominik , Van de Vliet Stijn , Kunz Achim , Fadón Erica
Published: February 2020

Climate change may result in increasingly frequent extreme events, such as the unusually dry conditions that occurred in Germany during the apple growing season of 2018. To assess the effects of this phenomenon on dormancy release and flowering in apples, we compared irrigated and non-irrigated orchard blocks at Campus Klein-Altendorf. We evaluated bud development, dormancy release and flowering in the following season under orchard and controlled forcing conditions. Results showed that irrigated trees presented longer (39.2%) and thinner shoots compared to non-irrigated trees. In both treatments, apical buds developed a similar number of flower primordia per cyme (4–5), presenting comparable development and starch dynamics during dormancy. Interestingly, buds on non-irrigated shoots exposed to low chill levels responded earlier to forcing conditions than those on irrigated shoots. However, chill requirements (~50 Chill Portions) and bud phenology under field conditions did not differ between treatments. In spring, buds on non-irrigated trees presented a higher bloom probability (0.42) than buds on irrigated trees (0.30). Our findings show that mild water stress during summer influenced vegetative growth during the same season, as well as the response of buds to forcing temperatures and flowering of the following season. The differences between irrigation levels in the phenological responses of shoots under low-chill conditions point to a so-far understudied impact of water supply on chilling requirements, as well as subsequent bud behavior. Accounting for the effects of both the water status during summer and the temperature during the dormant season may be required for accurately predicting future tree phenology in a changing climate.
Growth, Photosynthesis, and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Plants to Complementation with Monochromic or Mixed Red-Blue LEDs for Use in Indoor Environments
Authors: García-Caparrós Pedro , Martínez-Ramírez Gabriela , Almansa Eva María , Javier Barbero Francisco , Chica Rosa María , Teresa Lao María
Published: February 2020

Inch (Tradescantia zebrina) and spider (Chlorophytum comosum) plants were grown in a growth chamber for two months in plastic containers to evaluate the effects of different light treatments (TO Tube luminescent Dunn (TLD) lamps or control), TB (TLD lamps + blue light emitting diodes (LEDs)), TR (TLD lamps + red LEDs), and TBR (TLD lamps + blue and red LEDs) on biomass, photosynthesis, and physiological parameters. Total dry weight and water content were evaluated at the end of the experimental period. After two months, pigment concentrations and the photosynthetic rate were assessed in both species. The total soluble sugar, starch, and proline concentrations in the leaf as physiological parameters were studied at the end of the experiment. Both species had increased root, shoot, and total dry weight under blue LEDs conditions. The chlorophyll concentration showed a specific response in each species under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. The highest photosynthetic rate was measured under the addition of mixed red-blue LEDs with TLD lamps. At the physiological level, each species triggered different responses with respect to total soluble sugars and the proline concentration in leaves under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. Our study demonstrated that the addition of blue LEDs is advisable for the production of these ornamental foliage species.
A Functional Analysis of Pedotransfer Functions Developed for Sri Lankan soils: Applicability for Process-Based Crop Models
Authors: Gunarathna M. H. J. P. , Sakai Kazuhito , Kumari M. K. N. , Ranagalage Manjula
Published: February 2020

As measurements are expensive and laborious, the estimation of soil hydraulic properties using pedotransfer functions (PTFs) has become popular worldwide. However, the estimation of soil hydraulic properties is not the final aim but an essential input value for other calculations and simulations, mostly in environmental and crop models. This modeling approach is a popular way to assess agricultural and environmental processes. However, it is rarely used in Sri Lanka because soil hydraulic data are rare. We evaluated the functionality of PTFs (developed to estimate field capacity (FC) and the permanent wilting point (PWP) of Sri Lankan soils) for process-based crop models. We used the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) as the test model. Initially, we confirmed the importance of PWP (LL15) and FC (DUL) by assessing the sensitivity of the soil input parameters on the growth and yield of rice under rainfed conditions. We simulated the growth and yield of rice and the four selected outputs related to the APSIM soil module using the measured and estimated values of FC and PWP. These simulations were conducted for ten years in 16 locations of Sri Lanka, representing wet, intermediate, and dry zones. The simulated total aboveground dry matter and weight of the rough rice, using both input conditions (the measured and PTF-estimated soil hydraulic properties), showed good agreement, with no significant differences between each other. Outputs related to the soil module also showed good agreement, as no significant differences were found between the two input conditions (measured and PTF-estimated soil hydraulic properties). Although the DUL and LL15 are the most influential parameters for the selected outputs of APSIM–Oryza, the estimated FC and PWP values did not change the predictive ability of APSIM. In this way, the functionality of PTFs for APSIM crop modeling is confirmed.
Development of a Phytomelatonin-Rich Extract from Cultured Plants with Excellent Biochemical and Functional Properties as an Alternative to Synthetic Melatonin
Authors: Pérez-Llamas Francisca , Hernández-Ruiz Josefa , Cuesta Alberto , Zamora Salvador , Arnao Marino B.
Published: February 2020

Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple and various functions. In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the consumption of melatonin supplements for reasons other than those related with sleep (as an antioxidant, for anti-aging, and as a hunger regulator). Although the chemical synthesis of melatonin has recently been improved, several unwanted by-products of the chemical reactions involved occur as contaminants. Phytomelatonin, melatonin of plant origin, was discovered in several plants in 1995, and the possibility of using raw plant material as a source to obtain dietary supplements rich in phytomelatonin instead of synthetic melatonin, with its corresponding chemical by-products was raised. This work characterizes the phytomelatonin-rich extract obtained from selected plant material and determines the contents in phytomelatonin, phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was measured. Finally, a melatonin-specific bioassay in fish was carried out to demonstrate the excellent biological properties of the natural phytomelatonin-rich extract obtained.