bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comics Plus
Authors: Hughes Michael J.
Published: October 2021

Comics Plus offers subscribers a digital library of comics, manga, and graphic novels licensed from more than 100 different publishers, including such indie gems as IDW, Boom Studios, Dark Horse, and Kodansha Comics. Its all-access package includes more than 20,000 titles, about 14,000
of which are appropriate for K-12 readers. Granular title control gives admins the power to customize Comics Plus to suit the readers they serve. But some titles aren't included at all, namely the best-selling books of the industry's top players. Comics Plus may someday persuade these publishers‐‐Marvel,
DC, Image, and VIZ Media‐‐to play ball. Until then, most librarians will need to supplement Comics Plus with other methods of acquisition.
نظرية خلق الإنسان في القرآن
Authors: عبدالرحيم محمد عبدالرحيم د/ نسيبة
Published: October 2021

Since ancient times speculate rights and looking at how creation, creation of the universe or article as well as the creation of life on the planet there are legends explaining the origins of the universe and creation, where she developed theories claim that life originated on earth by chance and perhaps (Darwin) is the most famous of the announced the so-called theory of evolution and development by declaring that life arose as soon as coincidence Pure and evolution of objects from the objects and single-celled objects vehicle was the basis of the conflict and objects powerful is that prevailed and prevail constantly and death that the micro-organisms and even viruses were still living around us, as well as bacteria and fungi, they also have a rolein the preservation of bio-diversity, who became a target of humanity itself finally.

And by reference to the Quran, we find that the elements of the story of the creation of man scattered verses are varied and multiple, but in the end, are integrated in a coherent theory describing this attitude, no doubt that this cohesion giving it a lot of the characteristics of credibility and persuasion, as they fill up the blanks, which seeks the mind is always to exploration in search More definitive answer, and stresses that what was mentioned in the Koran about this subject has not invalidated until today any scientific fact established by the researchers, but already proved the Koran every scientific fact.
الدولة الغزنوية
Authors: عباس يوسف احمد د. نور الدين
Published: October 2021

Ghazonic  State became an independent country from the Abbasi Ghaiphate  in the 10th AD century. It was established in the area eastern Dijla River up to India and China frontiers.  Ghazonians were able to build a strong State based on Islamic civilization. Its age prolonged for two  centuries. It played an important role in the history of the area.

     The establishment of the State  was a good addition to the Islamic civilization in that region, it contributed spiritually, financially intellectually, socially and economically in the development of regions ruled by Ghazonic State.
اللغة أداة فكر واتصال
Authors: خلف الله العبيد د ماجدة
Published: October 2021

Human language has always been the most important means of communication used to transmit people's thoughts, knowledge, culture and civilization. Since knowledge is the basis of civilization, language has derived its importance from being its tool of expression. All societies have used different types of communication tools to highlight their forms of civilization- whether drawings, engravings, or manuscripts- but language remains the most important of all forms of communication.

Since the media represents the most effective means of educating the young generation (who spend long hours viewing, reading, or listening to the media), the role of the media in directing the young generation has become greater than that of the educational institutions in some cases. This has prompted some media experts to maintain that the media represents the first educational curriculum while the school represents the second. Therefore, when the media outlets use the correct forms of the Arabic language, they become the best source of the language, and in this way they promote the language On the other hand, the media can contribute to the decline of the language.

This study, entitled "Language as a Tool of Thought and Communication," is undertaken because of the important role that language plays in our lives at the emotional and functional levels. It uses the descriptive analytical method, which depends on collecting the research data and then comparing, analyzing, and interpreting it to reach acceptable generalizations.  The study consists of three parts, it concludes with some results and recommendations.
الفقه الإسلامي حقيقته و تجديده
Authors: محمد المشرف الزين التوم
Published: October 2021

It has been proved that there is a noticeable development in the term (fiqh) ‘jurisprudence’ through time.   and then as a general term for all written works of jurisprudence.

The paper distinguishes between the terms ‘shari’a’ and ‘fiqh’  However, there is a close correlation between them, as ‘fiqh’ cannot be separated from ‘shari’a’.  

After elaborating on the evolution and development of ‘fiqh’ in Islam, the paper deals with the issue of modernization of ‘fiqh’. It should be noted that modernization of ‘fiqh’ does not mean dumping the old version of ‘fiqh’ and replacing it with a ‘modern’ version. Rather, it means retaining the old ‘fiqh’, and updating the outdated areas in it.

  On the other hand, many new issues which have emerged in our life  requires reviewing the old provisions, especially what is known as the "fiqh ‘jurisprudence’ of emergencies".
INFLUENCE OF OPERATIONAL MODES OF SOWING UNITS ON SOWING QUALITY, SOIL WATER REGIME AND SPRING WHEAT YIELD
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Belyayev V.I. , Prokopchuk R.Ye. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University, Butorov N.A. ,   Altai State Agricultural University
Published: October 2021

One of the promising directions for the development of crop production under present-day conditions is the im-provement of agricultural technologies of crop cultivation. Sowing is the most important technological operation; its quality largely determines the achievement of high yields. In this regard, the type of the seeding working body and the operating modes ofthe machine-tractor unitssignificantly affect the energy and agrotechnical characteristics of the sowing. As a result, it becomes necessary to substantiate the zonal parameters and operating modes of the sowing units taking into account the agronomic, technical and eco-nomic indices. The experiment was carried out on the farm of the OOO KKh “Zaytsev” in the Tyumentsevskiy District of the Altai Region. Based on the implementation of the field experiment using the planning of the experiment, a quantitative assessment of the effect of the speed opera-tional modes of the John Deere 730 and John Deere 1890 seeding units on the quality of spring wheat sowing, soil water regime and the yield was obtained. Each unit operat-ed at 4 levels of travel speeds. As a result, a technical and economic assessment of the compared sowing options was given. The results obtained will serve as the basis for substantiating the parameters and operating modes of the sowing units under operating conditions.
CHARACTERISTICSOFTHEHONEYBEE POPULATION AND THE COMPOSITION OF HONEY OBTAINED IN THE MOUNTAIN-TAIGA ZONE OF THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Meshcheryakova L.A.
Published: October 2021

Bee-farming is a promising branch of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian regions including the Altai Region with all required conditions for the development of the in-dustry. Numerous melliferous plants growing in the Altai Region is good bee forage which contributes to bee-farming development. Honeybees produce first-class hon-ey varieties with an extraordinary aroma and tastes from the nectar of the local melliferous plants. According to the plan of breed zoning, the European dark bee (Apis mellif-era melliferaL.) is recommended in the Altai Region. Intro-duced to West Siberia in the second half of the 18th centu-ry, these bees have adapted well to the local climate and settled in different natural zones. The comparison of the morphometric and economic indices of the Altai population with purebred individuals will make it possible to determine their position in the breed composition of honeybees. The data on the exterior characteristics of bees and the compo-sition of 2 honeybrands collected in the mountain-taiga zone of the Region is discussed. It was found that the bees of the Altai population, in terms of measured indices (the average proboscis length -6.2 mm; tergite 3 width -5.0 mm; cubital index -59.5%, negative discoidal dis-placement in 100% of individuals, etc.) were consistent with the standard of the European dark bee. Pollen study of 2 brands of centrifuged honey showed that the main pollen belonged to the plants of the Umbelliferae family (39.4%) in one sample and Compositae (56.5%) in another sample. The rest of the pollen was found in insignificant quantities and belonged to the plants of the following families: Rosaceae, Onagraceae, Labiatae, Fabaceae, Crucifers and Boraginaceae.
CLINICAL FEATURES AND RISK FACTORS OF EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE DEGENERATION IN DOGS
Authors:   Moscow State  Academy of  Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, Kostylev V.A. , Goncharova A.V. ,   Moscow State  Academy of  Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin
Published: October 2021

The study of cardiovascular diseases in small domestic animals is an urgent problem of modern veterinary medi-cine. The research goal is to develop a science-based ap-proach to the clinical picture and risk factors of the emer-genceand development of atrioventricular valve degenera-tion in dogs. The study was conducted in the Department of Biology and Pathology of Small Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals of the Moscow State Academy of Vet-erinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin. The research targets were 162 dogs with myx-omatous degeneration of atriovetricular valves. Myxoma-tous degeneration of the valvular heart apparatus was more often found in dogs of the age of 7 to 10 years -61.7%. The cases were most often diagnosed in dogs of the breeds Chihuahua -29.63%, and Yorkshire Terrier-21%. Of the total number of animals, the disease was more common in males -69.14%. Clinical signs of myxomatous degeneration of the valvular heart apparatus in dogs were diverse. The objective diagnostic clinical signs of myxoma-tous degeneration of the mitral valve of the heart in dogs were the following: cough (53%), sudden lethargy (48%), dyspnea (26%); less frequently -weight loss (12%), loss of consciousness (2.21%) and ascites (0.74%). The main clinical signs of tricuspid valve damage were the following ones: cough (57.14%) and ascites (42.86%). Dyspnea and loss of consciousness were less common (14.29%). With a combined damage of the mitral and tricuspid valves, the clinical picture was more pronounced. The most common symptoms were cough (84.21%), dyspnea (73.68%), and sudden lethargy (63.16%). The clinical substantiation for the development of myxomatous degeneration of the valvu-lar heart apparatus in dogs is the following factors: age, breed and sex of the animal. The clinical signs and differ-ential diagnostic criteria were characterized by polymor-phism and differed in cases of mitral and tricuspid valve lesions and their joint degeneration.
偏鄉學校變革之挑戰教育優先區─成功專案推動歷程研究
Authors: 葉珍玲 葉珍玲 , Chen-Lin Yeh 許添明
Published: October 2021

本研究以參與「教育優先區─成功專案」之四個區19所國中小為研究對象，透過文件分析及質性訪談，分析成功專案籌備及實施第一年期間（2014至2015年）在四個區的運作情況。研究旨在探討專案學校如何推動成功專案、剖析成功專案在多大程度上促進改變，及阻礙改變產生的因素。研究發現區計畫書的經費配置取決於規劃者對基本學力的重視程度，區計畫書規劃策略深受學校行政教學分工及教育優先區計畫執行經驗之影響。成功專案在區層級所產生的改變為促進區內學校的交流與對話，在學校層級觀察到的改變則是調整補救教學實施和促進弱勢家長參與策略。缺乏行政權、共同討論時間和整合經驗，及人員流動是啟動與維持區變革之挑戰。本研究提出四項建議：（1）以提升學生基本學力為國中小整合主軸，發展行政人員課程領導能力；（2）引進結構化的補救教學模式，搭配與現場教學工作銜接的培訓課程，提升教師分析學生學習成效及差異化教學知能；（3）建立區內及校內行政人員與教師對話討論機制；（4）提供討論的鷹架與專業伴隨，以提升專案的綜效。

 

Since 1996, Taiwan has been implementing the Educational Priority Areas (EPA) Program to reduce the achievement gaps between students in different regions. However, according to the results from PISA, TIMSS, PILRS and the Basic Competence Test, the achievement gap has widened between urban and rural students over time. The Taiwanese Ministry of Education piloted the ""Success Program"" from 2014 to 2017, an experimental program in order to reform the EPA Program. This study sought to investigate the implementation of the Success Program. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 school principals, division heads and teachers recruited from participating schools and utilized content analysis to analyze challenges, difficulties and compromises during the first two years of implementation. The purpose was to explore the extent to which the Success Program promoted educational change, the advantages and limitations of zone-based intervention, as well as the factors hindering educational change. Suggestions are provided for improving area-based intervention. Results: The results indicate that the Success Program facilitated inter-school cooperation among elementary teachers at the zone level. Besides, the adjustment of remedial teaching and parental involvement strategies were observed at the school level. However, no change was found at the classroom level. In addition, there was a goal displacement at the school level. In terms of zone integration, lacking of administrative power, short of discussion time, insufficient collaboration skills as well as high teacher turnover rate were main challenges of initiating and sustaining educational change. Policy recommendations: (1) Cultivating instructional leaders and concentrating the focus of zone integration on basic competences. (2) Providing instructional guidance and introducing school-based workshops to strengthen instructional practices. (3) Establishing the discussion mechanism between the administrative team and teachers. (4) Providing scaffolding and expert consultations to support collaborative discussions.

 
Accuracy of Computed Tomography for Detection of COVID-19 among Suspected Patients
Authors: Munir Awan Maham , Noreen Afshan , Kalsoom Farah , Tahir Muhammad , Majeed Umaima , Ali Siddiqui Mustafa , Khan M. M.
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the accuracy of CT chest in diagnosis of COVID-19 taking RT-PCR-testing as gold standard. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients of suspicion of COVID-19 who were referred for CT Chest in Radiology Department of Nishtar Medical University Multan from June-2020 to May-2021 were included. In all patients, two RT-PCR test results were obtained with 7 days of admission in hospital. Presence of any of these positive was labelled as COVID-19 infection. CT chest was performed in all patients within 2 days of admission in hospital using 128 slices CT scan machine. The diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was made according to the recommendations by Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) protocol. Results: Mean age was 51.3±14.7 years. 78 (52%) patients were male and 72 (48%) patients were female. RTPCR test was positive in 89 (59.3%) patients. While the CT chest findings were suggestive of COVID-19 infection in 130 (86.7%) patients. The sensitivity of CT chest was 95.5%, specificity 26.2%, PPV wad 65.4% and NPV was 80.0%. Conclusion: CT chest has a very good sensitivity for detection of COVID-19, it can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool especially in areas of pandemic. However, the specificity of CT chest is low, that can limit its use in low COVID-19 affected areas. Keywords: COVID-19, Computed tomography, False Positive, True Positive, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value.
Positive Predictive Value of Serum Amylase in Predicting Acute Appendicitis taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Javed Muhammad Aslam , Ahmad Sajeel , Farid Raza Vishal , Javeed Khan Khalid
Published: October 2021

Background: Worldwide acute appendicitis is one of the most commonly encountered abdominal emergencies. Despite recent advances in imaging and laboratory parameters, the diagnosis still remains clinical. This study was carried out to determine positive predictive value of serum amylase in diagnosing acute appendicitis taking into account histopathology as gold standard. Methods: Total 103 patients of both genders aged between 15-40 years presenting with pain and tenderness in right iliac fossa and vomiting having raised serum amylase > 85U/L were included. These patients underwent appendectomy followed by histopathology of excised tissue. Diagnosis of appendicitis was confirmed on histopathology postoperatively and results of increased serum amylase levels were interpreted accordingly as true positive/ false positive. Informed consent was taken from all enrolled patients. Results: Mean age of the enrolled patients was 27.8±7.5 years. There were 59 (57.3%) male and 44 (42.7%) female patients, with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The BMI of enrolled patients ranged from 22.0 Kg/m2 to 34.4 Kg/m2 with a mean of 26.9±3.4 Kg/m2. Diagnosis of appendicitis was confirmed in 93 (90.3%) patients on histopathology. Thus there were 93 true positive and 10 false positive cases. It yielded a positive predictive value of 90.3% for serum amylase in predicting acute appendicitis taking histopathology as gold standard. Similar positive predictive value was noted across various subgroups based on age, gender and BMI. Conclusion: In the present study, the positive predictive value of raised serum amylase was found to be 90.3% in predicting acute appendicitis which along with simplicity and routine availability of the test and low cost advocate the preferred use of this novel biomarker in the diagnostic workup of such patients in future surgical practice. Keywords: Appendicitis, Serum Amylase, Positive Predictive Value
Prevalence of various pathogens isolated from urine cultures causing urinary tract infections in Bakhtawar Amin Trust Hospital, Multan
Authors: Bilal Pasha Muhammad , Kashif Zertaj , Sajid Kanwar , Bashir Sehar , S. Ali Sehar , Zoya Tariq Irem , Ali Khan Aamir , Shamim Saba
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study is conducted to ascertain the microbial agents along with their prevalence leading to urinary tract infections in patients admitted in Bakhtawar Amin Hospital, Multan with manifestations of urinary tract infections. Design: Descriptive observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Microbiology Bakhtawar Amin Medical & Dental College & Hospital, Multan from January 2021 to July 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 220 positive urine cultures were analyzed in this study extended for six months. All the appropriate details like age, gender, major presenting complaints, history of catheterization etc were noted. All the isolated urinary pathogens were recorded along with their frequency and percentages. Results: Out of these 220 patients with positive urine cultures, majority (63.6%) were male. Gram negative bacteria (E. Coli) constitute the major bulk of urinary pathogens followed by Candida. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections were commonly seen in men in our region. E. Coli was the most frequently encountered bacteria. A large number of Candida species were segregated in immunocompromised critically ill ICU admitted patients. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, culture, pathogens, E.Coli, Candida.
Evaluation the Performing daily procedures of In-Store Logistics Processes in Store Retailing – The Empirical study of fresh milk products
Authors: Phuoc Nguyen  , Gerald Reiner  , Herbert Kotzab
Published: October 2021

In this research, we examine in-store logistics processes for keep storing fresh milk products, from the incoming dock to the shelves of supermarkets. The daily performing procedures of the in-store logistics related to such fast-moving, focus on supporting merchandiser and sales team by taking charge of in-store replenishment, and essential items is challenging, and extremely important for grocery retailers’ sales, profits and image. In our empirical study we survey in-store logistics processes in 52 supermarkets belonging to a major retail chain in central South East of Vietnam. Using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) and simulation, we facilitate process benchmarking. We also identify ways of improving in-store logistics processes by showing the performance impacts of different managerial strategies and tactics. The DEA results indicate different efficiency levels for different store formats; the hybrid store format of the small supermarket exhibits a comparatively worse performance in the analyzed execution of in-store logisticsprocesses. The strategic and tactical design of in-store logistics processes (such as store locations/layouts, capacity management, reorder time, order period and safety stock factors) lead to substantial service performance improvements (such as higher on-shelf availability combined with reduced inventory obsolescence costs) will be detected from the process simulation analysis. The results also show marginal improvements in the performance figures when delivery delays and damage to products are reduced.
How to Improve the Quality of Living in Smart Cities: Recommendations for a Citizen-centric Strategic Approach for Msheireb?
Authors: Al Sulaiti Salma Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Various countries across the globe have implemented smart city initiatives to enhance the quality of living (QoL) for their citizens and other frequent users by offering smart services and innovative solutions. However, in many cases, end-users are often neglected during the planning, designing, and implementation phases of smart cities, which can impact the success of locally-based initiatives because their needs are not always fully taken into consideration. This research aims at exploring the approach of citizen-centricity in smart cities, define their key components, investigate the gap and challenges as perceived by citizens, users, and developers, and propose strategic recommendations for ways to enhance the QoL in Msheireb Smart City (MSC). The primary research was conducted to investigate citizens’ satisfaction, experience, usage of services, and to collect their feedback on areas of improvements in MSC. The results show that MSC’s users had low level of awareness about the smart services offered in the city, which resulted in less frequent use of the services. Based on this research, the strategic recommendations advise that smart city decision-makers should recognize citizens’ needs and preferences by implementing a customer relationship management strategy, promote citizens’ inclusion and engagement by establishing a citizen-centric inclusion strategy, and improve their awareness and usage of services by implementing a marketing campaign strategy.
Trayectorias laborales y educativas de jóvenes racializados en Catalunya desde una perspectiva interseccional
Authors: Urdiales Correa Josselyn , Castellanos Rosa Lázaro
Published: October 2021

La inmigración española de la década de los noventa trajo consigo transformaciones sociales, educativas y laborales para la población en general y, en particular, retos para las y los hijos de familias inmigrantes. Después de tres décadas, se suele sostener que la integración social, educativa y laboral de los hijos de inmigrantes es favorable, aunque distinta a de los jóvenes autóctonos. El presente artículo abordará, desde una perspectiva interseccional las trayectorias educativas y laborales de jóvenes de origen inmigrante y racializados en Barcelona. A partir de una investigación cualitativa centrada en las trayectorias laborales de estos jóvenes mostraremos las restricciones de clase, género y origen en su promoción profesional dentro de un mercado laboral cada vez más competitivo y precario.
USE OF X-RAYS AND QGIS® SOFTWARE TO EVALUATE DETERIORATED WOOD IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Lins Tarcila Rosa da Silva , Moura Marks Melo , Müller Ana Claudia de Paula , Lana Paulo Da Cunha , Rocha Márcio Pereira da
Published: October 2021

The objective of this work was to propose a nondestructive method to identify and quantify the damage caused by marine borers in wood structures. First, a test specimen was submerged in an estuarine environment for 120 days. Radiography was then applied to detect and evaluate the attack by marine borers. Two methods of evaluation were performed with the images to compare them. The first assessment was carried out using the QGIS® geoprocessing program for the treatment of images as a tool, which made it possible to identify and quantify the damage (in cm²). The second evaluation followed the method indicated in EN 275 (1992), which suggests a visual assessment, based on X-ray images, classified according to a template provided in the standard. Although the method using the image treatment by QGIS® is an estimate, it has the advantage of providing a numerical result, in contrast to the visual analysis, which is not as accurate due to its subjectivity. Besides this, the treatment of the images allowed good visualization of the damage to the specimen. The findings indicated that QGIS® can be used as a complement to the method proposed by EN 275 (1992).
DO SEEDS OF Anadenanthera macrocarpa AND Pityrocarpa moniliformis FORMED IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF THE FRUIT HAVE SIMILAR PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY?
Authors: Silva Priscilla Karine Barros da , Felix Francival Cardoso , Medeiros Josenilda Aprígio Dantas de , Araújo Fernando Dos Santos , Ferrari Cibele Dos Santos , Pacheco Mauro Vasconcelos
Published: October 2021

Trees of the Fabaceae family can produce seeds with contrasting size and germinative performance depending on the region where they were formed in the fruit. Such differences reduce the physiological quality of the seed lot. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds formed in different seminal nucleus of the fruits of Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Pityrocarpa moniliformis and their implications for the final composition of the seed lot. The biometric characterization of the fruits was performed with four quantitative descriptors (length, width, thickness, and number of seeds per fruit). Then, seeds formed in seminal nucleus of the proximal, intermediate, and distal regions of the fruit were measured (length, width, and thickness) and evaluated using germination and vigor tests (germination speed, length, and dry weight of seedlings). Seeds from these species have biometric differences depending on their origin in the fruit, in which those formed in the seminal nucleus of the intermediate region of the fruit are larger than the other ones. The origin of the seeds of A. macrocarpa and P. moniliformis formed in different seminal nucleus of the fruit do not show differences in physiological quality. Therefore, the sorting of seeds originated in different regions of the fruit does not benefit the final quality of the seed lots of these species.
STUDIES ON HPTLC AND RP-HPLC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF TADALAFIL IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Khan Z. G , Surana S. J. , Shirkhedkar A. A. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur425 405, Dist: Dhule (MS) India.
Published: October 2021

Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase Type 5 enzyme inhibitor. Simple and sensitive High Performance Thin - Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Reversed - Phase High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods have been developed for estimation of tadalafil in pharmaceutical dosage form. Separation of tadalafil was achieved on HPTLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 with mixture of toluene: methanol (7.2: 2.8 V/V) as the mobile phase. tadalafil obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 300 - 800 ng/band with correlation coefficient (r2) 0.9994. Detection was performed densitometricaly at 284 nm with Rf 0.50 ± 0.02. RP-HPLC separation was achieved using Qualisil C18 column on mixture of methanol: water (75: 25 % V/V) as the mobile phase. Linearity was plotted in range of 2 – 12 μg/mL and (r2) value as 0.9998. The retention time was found to be 4.82 ± 0.02 min. The developed HPTLC and RP-HPLC methods have been successfully applied for the determination of tadalafil in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Both these methods were statistically compared.
SIGNIFICANCE OF FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES FOR DRUG SUBSTANCE AND DRUG PRODUCTS WITH REFERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS
Authors: Modi J. G , Patel J. K , Gohel N. A , Modi K. G , Patel K. S. ,   School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot and Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Vadodara - 391760, Gujarat, India.
Published: October 2021

Stability testing is used to provide evidence of how the quality of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) or drug product varies with time under the infuence of a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and light. If drug product is not stable under various environmental conditions, it may affect the patient safety by formation of a toxic degradation product(s) or deliver a lower dose than expected. Stress testing of the API can help to identify the likely degradation products, which, in turn, can help to establish the degradation pathways and the intrinsic stability of the molecule. Forced degradation study is a process in which the natural degradation rate of a pharmaceutical product is increased by applying an additional stres by which stability of a drug substance or a drug product with effects on purity, potency and safety can be predicted. The present review summarizes the forced degradation study of antihypertensive agents, where degradation products for different stress conditions have been reported. As per review, maximum degradation products have been reported by alkaline, oxidative and photolytic stress conditions.
DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE NASAL IN SITU GELLING FORMULATIONS OF VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR BRAIN TARGETTING
Authors: Priyanka M , Dasankoppa F. S. , Sholapur H. N , Swamy NGN , Sajjanar V. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, KLEU’s College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli - 580 031, India.
Published: October 2021

The poor bioavailability and the therapeutic effectiveness exhibited by the anti-depressant venlafaxine hydrochloride on oral administration is overcome by the use of ion-activated gel forming systems that are instilled as drops; these undergo gelation in the nasal cavity. The present study describes the design, characterization and evaluation of mucoadhesive nasal in situ gelling drug delivery of venlafaxine hydrochloride using different polymers like sodium alginate, HPMC and pectin in various concentrations. DSC studies revealed compatibility of the drug and excipients used. The in situ gels were characterized for physicochemical parameters, gelling ability, rheological studies, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro mucoadhesive strength, water holding capacity, gel expansion coefficient and in vitro drug release studies. The amount of polymer blends was optimized using 23 full factorial design. The influence of experimental factors on percentage cumulative drug release at the end of 2 and 8 hours were investigated to get optimized formulation. The responses were analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial equation was generated for each response using multiple linear regression analysis. Optimized formulation, F9, containing 1.98% w/V sodium alginate, 0.64% w/V hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose, 0.99% w/V pectin showed percentage cumulative drug release of 19.33 and 80.44 at the end of 2 and 8 hours, respectively, which were close to the predicted values. The optimized formulation was subjected to stability study for three months at 300C /75% RH. The stability study revealed no significant change in pH, drug content and viscosity. Thus, venlafaxine hydrochloride nasal mucoadhesive in situ gel could be successfully formulated to improve bioavailability and to target the brain.
Rotating tongues (Protrudences) of ozone- poor air in the Antarctic ozone hole, sweeping over lower latitudes : signatures in ground-based Dobson data
Authors: KANE R. P.
Published: October 2021

Using data from ground-based Dobson spectrophotometers, the evolution of Antarctic ozone holes during the southern springs of 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995 was studied, At the South Pole, the evolution was mostly smooth, steady decrease up to about September end and a steady recovery up to about December end, At latitudes near 65°5, the ozone levels at different latitudes and longitudes showed fluctuations compatible with passing of a noncircular (oval) vortex boundary, (edge, rotating tongue), with a rotation period of 15-20 days, However, often there were depletions in-between, extending to lower latitudes up to ~30°S, indicating corrugations in the oval boundary with effects equivalent to those of more than one rotating tongue, There were other short- spaced (5-8 days) depletions, not necessarily simultaneous at different latitudes in the same longitude, and more copious at lower latitudes, probably indicating the effects of synoptic disturbances on total ozone through tropopause pressure changes and/or ozone mini-holes caused by anticyclonic tropospheric forcing under the southern polar vortex.
Projected changes in temperature and rainfall during 21st century simulated by CSIRO-Mk-3-6-0 model under RCP based scenarios in Punjab
Authors: KAUR JATINDER , KAUR PRABHJYOT , KAUR SAMANPREET
Published: October 2021

A study was conducted to assess the projected changes in climatic parameters during 21st century in Punjab state. The CSIRO-Mk 3-6-0 model simulated data was downscaled from the website http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/MarkSimGCM/ for seven locations under four RCP scenarios. The two future periods,               i.e., mid-century (MC: 2020-2049) and end-century (EC: 2066-2095) were assessed on annual and seasonal (kharif and rabi) basis. During mid-century the annual, kharif and rabi seasons maximum temperature is projected to increase from baseline period between 0 to 1.5 °C, 0.3 to 1.5 °C and 0 to 1.6 °C, respectively; minimum temperature to increase from baseline period between 1.1 to 3.1 °C, 0.1 to 4.8 °C and 0.3 to 1.8 °C, respectively but the rainfall to decrease from baseline period between 33 to 554 mm, 20 to 443 mm and 20 to 110 mm, respectively. During the end-century the annual, kharif and rabi seasons maximum temperature is projected to increase from baseline period between 0.8 to 4.4°C, 0.8 to 4.3 °C and 0.6 to 4.9 °C, respectively; minimum temperature to increase from baseline period between 0.4 to   6.6 °C, 0.5 to 6.3 °C and 0.0 to 5.5 °C, respectively but the rainfall to decrease from baseline period between 3 to  610 mm, 14 to 506 mm and 17 to 107 mm, respectively. Rainfall was projected to increase at Abohar (11-41 mm) while it may decline at Amritsar (49-128 mm), Ballowal Saunkhri (501-554 mm), Ludhiana (131-152 mm), Patiala (148-187), Bathinda (49-82 mm) and Faridkot (33-67 mm).
Minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs with external otitis
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Costa Geraldo Márcio , Prado Ingrid Alexandre ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Carvalho-Castro Glei dos Anjos de ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Mian Glaúcia Frasnelli ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Leite Carlos Artur Lopes ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Custódio Dircéia Aparecida Costa ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Piccoli Roberta Hilsdorf ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras
Published: October 2021

Canine otitis externa is a disease that affects the external acoustic meatus of about 20% of dogs at some point in life, without predilection for race, age, or sex. It is a multifactorial disease whose etiology involves several microorganisms, detaching Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobials are the basis for treating this illness; however, due to the increase in antimicrobial resistance, conventional drugs have become ineffective, requiring the search for alternative therapies. In this context, essential oils (EOs) have great therapeutic potential due to their broad antimicrobial action. This study aimed to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in order to measure the MIC50 and MIC90 of gentamicin and EOs of Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cymbopogon citratus, and Cinnamomum cassia against 62 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the external acoustic meatus of dogs. All EOs showed antibacterial action against the studied microorganisms, and their MIC50 and MIC90 were as follows: Eugenia caryophyllata, 2.42 mg mL-1 and 7.25 mg mL-1; Thymus vulgaris, 9.51 mg mL-1 and 22.94 mg mL-1; Cymbopogon winterianus, 26.78 mg mL-1 and 157.79 mg mL-1; Cinnamomum cassia and Cymbopogon citratus, lower than 16.48 and 27.81 mg mL-1, with the same MIC for all isolates. The MIC50 and MIC90 found for gentamicin were 1μg mL-1 and 8 μg mL-1. The MIC range found to antibiotic in this assay was 0.5 μg mL-1 to 128 μg mL-1, and the isolates were classified as susceptible [48 strains (77.41%) - MIC range of 0.5-4.0 μg mL-1], intermediate [eight strains (12.90%) - (MIC = 8.0 μg mL-1], or resistant [six strains (9.68%) - MIC ≥ 16 μg mL-1]. The results, according to the in vitro assays, showed that resistance to gentamicin, one of the antimicrobials most commonly used to treat canine otitis, is present in the Staphylococcus aureus population evaluated. Additionally, the tested EOs have great potential for therapeutic use, however future studies should be carried out to evaluate their in vivo efficacy.
First detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in the Mearim River Watershed, Maranhão State, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Monteiro Vitórya Mendes da Silva , Mendes Edianez dos Santos ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Menezes Kelyane da Costa Silva ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Guimarães Carlos Alberto ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Gonçalves Hanna Gabriely Pinto ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Bezerra Nancyleni Pinto Chaves ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Bezerra Danilo Cutrim ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Ribeiro Larissa Sarmento dos Santos ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Carvalho Neta Alcina Vieira de ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Coimbra Viviane Correa Silva ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
Published: October 2021

The Mearim River Watershed has multiple uses e.g. leisure, navigation, fishing and subsistence agriculture and constitutes the main source of supply for the populations of municipalities situated along its course. In addition to being a water supply source, the existence of the ‘pororoca’ (tidal bore) effect in a stretch of the lower course of the Mearim River attracts people from several Brazilian states and different countries, as it offers excellent conditions for surfing in fresh water. In this respect, given the importance of the watershed, this study was developed to report the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in a stretch of the lower course of the Mearim River, located in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Thirty water samples were collected from 10 sampling points. To quantify E. coli, the chromogenic enzymatic system was used and positive samples were isolated and biochemically identified. Pure cultures underwent DNA extraction by heating followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) characterization. At the time of the collections, an observation schedule was used to record information on the existence of rearing of livestock and domestic animals; businesses; residences; and fruit and vegetable farming on the riverbanks. The samples were analyzed for the mean populations of E. coli, which ranged from 444 to 2,585 MPN mL-1. Twenty bacterial isolates were identified and the diarrheal pathotypes ETEC, typical EPEC and atypical EPEC were detected. The detection of these pathotypes can represent an epidemiological risk and compromise several uses of this water resource, such as irrigation of fruits and vegetables consumed raw, fishing, animal watering and recreation. Structural investments in basic sanitation are essential to minimize environmental degradation resulting from anthropic activities and to act preventively in public health. In addition, the recovery of riparian forests along the watershed and the maintenance of vegetation in these areas are measures to reduce the transport of particles from the soil to the watercourses, improving the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of this water resource.
Discrimination study between the carcass and non-carcass components for interaction between gender, age, and production system in indigenous sheep
Authors:   Autônomo, Burin Poliana Campos , Monteschio Jessica de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal de Roraima, Leonardo Ariadne Patrícia ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Souza Marcio Rodrigues de ,   Instituto Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Silva Adrielly Lais Alves da ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Silva Marcelo Corrêa da ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Souza Carla Giselly de ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Vargas Junior Fernando Miranda de ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Published: October 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yields, morphometric measures, carcass, and non-carcass components, and carcass regional and tissue composition of an indigenous sheep (Pantaneiro) of different physiological stages (gender, age, system production. Thirty sheep, eleven lambs, nine wethers, and ten cull ewes were used. The lambs were finished in feedlots, the wethers were maintained on pastures and supplementation, and the cull ewes were maintained on an extensive pasture system with mineral salt ad libitum. Slaughter ages were defined to simulate the most representative products and farming systems. Animals were slaughtered and classified as non- castrated lambs, wethers, and cull ewes. The criteria to slaughter lambs and wethers were the body condition, which ranged from 2.5 to 3.0. Cull ewes were slaughtered based on negative pregnancy diagnosis, regardless of their body condition, which ranged from 4.0 to 4.5. All animals were slaughtered after 16-hours of fasting (solids). The ewes presented the greatest fat thickness, differing significantly from the lambs. The morphometric measures were higher in ewes and lambs. The muscle to fat ratio of the animal’s cuts from different physiological stages presented no significant differences. The indigenous Pantaneiro sheep have good potential for meat production regardless of their physiological stages. The ewes stood out, presenting carcasses with good performance considering their potential and longer permanence in the herd due to their reproductive function.
Kleiber ratios and growth curves of African Black and Red Neck ostrich breeds and their crossbreeds
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Rezende Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Moretti Riccardo ,   University of Turin, Araujo Johnny Iglesias Mendes ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Cardoso Israel Luz ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araujo André Campêlo ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Souza Julio Cesar de ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Bozzi Riccardo ,   University of Firenze, Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia
Published: October 2021

The selection of animals with lower production costs can be achieved by using feed efficiency and growth curve information. Kleiber ratio (KR) is an alternative option for discriminating against the animals that have the greatest weight gain about their final weight. Alternative feed efficiency and growth curves for ostriches of the African Black (AB) and Red Neck (RN) breeds and their crossbreeds (CB) were investigated using KR and Gompertz equation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. The highest adult weight was identified in the RN and CB. AB was more precocious than the RN and CB individuals. Only AB animals reached 75% of their mature weight at one year of age. At 180 days, AB showed better KR. AB was different from the others, mainly for KR at 90 days and 180 days. Considering multivariate analysis, AB animals were different from the others, regardless of sex, mainly for KR at 90 days and KR at 180 days. Other subgroups separated the animals by sex. In a market preferring animals of minor structure (smaller cuts) and greater precocity, it would be suitable to opt for AB. When animals with greater body structure (larger cuts) are desired, males RN and CR is the best option, however, it will be slaughtered with greater age and lower value for KR (may generate a bigger production cost ). It is possible to obtain animals with precocity and high KR, being well represented by the AB breed.
Research of antifungal effects on some essential oils with tube dilution
Authors:   University of Uludag, Sasmazer Rukiye Colak , Korukluoglu Mihriban ,   University of Uludag
Published: October 2021

The aim of study to investigate inhibition effects of cinnamic acid (volatile compound of cinnamon), limonene (essential oil of lemon) and eugenol (essential oil of clove, cinnamon) on Metschnikowia fructicola, Candida oleophila, Schisosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces uvarum and Kloeckera apiculata. In this study, tube dilution method was used. Among eugenol, limonene and cinnamic acid, it was found that cinnamic acid has the most inhibition effect with low concentrations (%2.8, %3.84, %4.36, %5,4) at tube dilution methods. Also it was found that test yeast have different resistance against test materials.
Steganografi Pada Citra Terkompresi Metode Huffman
Authors: Suhendra Adhe
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK

Salah satu hasil dari kemajuan Teknologi Komputer telah memberikan dampak yang transformasional ( perubahan yang sesuai ) pada aspek kehidupan dan salah satu perubahan yang dapat kita rasakan langsung adalah dalam bidang pendidikan. Sulitnya mendapatkan buku sangatlah mempengaruhi minat siswa ataupun masyarakat untuk belajar dibidang steganografi, oleh sebab itu maka dirancang aplikasi teknk steganografi pesan ini. Aplikasi ini merupakan penyembunyian pesan pada citra yang dirancang dalam satu rangkaian agar dapat menarik minat masyarakat dalam mengirimkan pesan rahasia.

Tujuan aplikasi ini berfungsi untuk mempermudah para masyarakat dalam mengirimkan pesan rahasia, dan hal ini merupakan suatu alternatif dalam mengatasi beberapa masalah seperti lama terkirimnya pesan, buku yang sulit dicari, dan meningkatkan kepuasan belajar bagi pengguna serta dapat mengurangi pencurian data rahasia.

Teknik steganografi pesan pada citra menggunakan metode least significant bit terkompresi huffman yaitu metode yang dikembangkan dengan media komputer, dimana metode dari least significant bit mengubah nilai akhir dari tiap bit,sedangkan metode huffman untuk memperkecil ukuran data yang dikirim dan mempercepat proses pengiriman.