bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Process Parameters for Experimental Production of Waste Frying Oil Based-Biodiesel by Taguchi Method
Authors: Alshanableh Filiz , Savas Mahmut A.
Published: December 2024

Recycling waste frying oils is an important issue concerning environmental and economic problems. Biodiesel production from waste oil is an effective method to obtain a sustainable energy source. Biodiesel attracts attention as a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative that can replace traditional fossil fuels in diesel engines. However, various process parameters such as process temperature, alcohol/oil ratio, and type of catalyst need to be carefully adjusted to increase the efficiency and optimize the quality of the biodiesel production process from waste oils. This study uses the Taguchi method to determine the most suitable process parameters for experimental biodiesel production from waste oils. The study's findings, which identified the optimum conditions for biodiesel production from waste frying oil, have the potential to impact the field of sustainable energy significantly. Three essential parameters were selected for investigation: the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Each parameter was examined at two levels, denoted as L-4 (23). Four experimental runs were conducted using the selected parameters and their respective levels to produce biodiesel from waste frying oil. Optimum conditions were found to be 1:6 for oil/methanol molar ratio, 60°C for reaction temperature, and 60 min for reaction time. Under optimum reaction conditions, biodiesel yield was an average of 97.7 %.
Examination Stress and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Kazakh and Indian Medical Students
Authors: Kononets Anastasia , Zharmakhanova Gulmira , Kononets Victoria
Published: December 2024

Stress is an important component of modern life and has become a serious problem for the health of the population as a whole. Studying at a medical university is accompanied by significant psycho-emotional stress among students. Medical students experience acute stress during exams. One of the markers of stress is cortisol. Objectives: to evaluate the level of cortisol in Indian medical students and Kazakhstan medical students during the examination stress. Methods: The study involved 134 medical students aged from 18 to 23 years, of which 81 were men, 53 women, studying in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of the West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov. Among them are 67 students from India (46 men and 21 women) and 67 students from Kazakhstan (35 men and 32 women). Groups for the study were formed by random sampling. Free cortisol concentrations in saliva were measured in a diagnostic laboratory using the standard kit "Cortisol Saliva ELISA" of the company "DBC". Results: No significant differences were found in the level of saliva cortisol under conditions outside exam stress (Cortisol 1) and saliva cortisol under exam stress conditions (Cortisol 2) between a group of Indian and Kazakhstan students without regard to year of study. The level of free saliva cortisol under conditions outside exam stress is significantly higher in the general group of women compared to the general group of men. Increased salivary cortisol levels under examination stress were observed in all groups and examined. Conclusion: Identification of a contingent of students with high levels of cortisol (i.e., more susceptible to stress) will allow us to develop and recommend a set of measures that will help reduce cortisol levels and neutralize its pathogenic effect on the functioning of the main systems of the body.
Janus Nanoparticles Loaded 3D Bio Printed Scaffold as a Dual Drug Delivery System
Authors: Elmowafy Mahinour , El - Mashtoly Samir , Khalil Ahmed , Nassrallah Amr
Published: December 2024

Herein, a new type of controlled-release system is fabricated using polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for the creation preparation study. They include doxorubicin (DOX), a standard chemical for chemotherapy, and curcumin, part of the plant turmeric. The material is produced as a dual-loaded nanoparticle system, where the widely used chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin (DOX) and the commonly known anti-inflammatory/antioxidant Curcumin are encapsulated in their respective phases, PCL and PLGA. Next, the Janus NPs were loaded into a 3D bioprinted support matrix composed solely of Carbopol. The design of this scaffold was engineered to provide a biocompatible and supportive environment for the controlled release of medication over an extended period. The biocompatibility, kinetics of drug release, and biomechanical properties were also analyzed in the 3D-printed scaffold. The structural integrity of the scaffold was strengthened, and DOX as well as curcumin can be continuously released for long periods by using Janus nanoparticles. Moreover, dual drug-loaded nanoparticles provided a sustained release plan that could be an innovative technique for improved anticancer activity in synergy therapy; the scaffold supported particle stability as indicated by favorable results of preliminary research. This system might offer a more potent and target-oriented strategy in cancer therapy through the sustained release of curcumin and DOX, effectively reducing cancer cell viability compared to conventional drug delivery approaches.
Fabrication of a 2D-Surfactant Exfoliated Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles as Efficient pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery System for Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hamuha Tartisio Olimpio De - Kenyi , Nassrallah Amr Abdelmotagaly , El - Mashtoly Samir , Khalil Ahmed Saad Gomaa
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and it is also the primary cause of cancer-related mortality globally. However, due to variations in tobacco use patterns, exposure to environmental risk factors, and genetics, lung cancer incidence and mortality rates vary significantly worldwide. Since smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, developing more effective therapeutic strategies and innovative drug delivery systems may help to raise the disease's survival rates. In this study, a novel pH-sensitive nanocarrier based on a composite of a two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) with unique properties was synthesized to deliver Doxorubicin (DOX). Firstly, bulk hBN powder was exfoliated with a sodium cholate salt, sonicated, and centrifuged to obtain the as-prepared 2D-hBN nanocarriers, and finally, DOX was entrapped for targeted drug delivery and tumor therapy. High DOX loading and entrapment efficiency (LE% and EE%, respectively) were obtained. The EE% and LE% for sodium cholate exfoliated 2D-hBN obtained were 84.50% and 25.48%, respectively. In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated a pH-sensitive non-Fickian release profile with a release percentage of 73.5%. Preliminary in-vitro cytotoxicity was done via MTT assay, using the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549), and the 2D-hBN@DOX nanocomposites were shown to drastically reduce the viability of the cancer cells compared to 2D-hBN, indicating the great efficacy of the former nanocomposites in hindering the proliferation of cancer cells.
Workplace Safety in Hospital Laboratories: Occupational Accidents and Work-Related Diseases
Authors: Gharbi Moufida , Chine Sarra , Tigha - Bouaziz Nadia , Khelifa Meriem , Chaouch Djoumana , Segmane Amira , Sedira Amani , Arouel Sarra , Boussebah Chaima
Published: December 2024

Workplace safety in hospital laboratories is crucial for the health and well-being of employees. Dueto the potentially hazardous nature of the chemicals handled, workers are exposed to a variety of risks, rangingfrom occupational accidents to work-related diseases. The main objective of our study was to identify workrelated accidents and occupational diseases associated with exposure to occupational hazards in medical analysislaboratories and to determine preventive measures. Materials and method : The sample for our cross-sectionaldescriptive study consisted of 113 individuals working in the hemobiology, biochemistry, and anatomicalpathology laboratories. A questionnaire was designed to collect data, providing a precise assessment ofoccupational accidents and the risks faced by the employees. Results :18.87% of participants reported havingsuffered a work-related accident, with no significant correlation with gender (p = 0.955) or age (p = 0.133).Among these accidents, 66.7% were of a mechanical nature, including 36.1% involving skin injuries and 21%involving eye injuries. Investigations into the causes revealed that 32.05% of the accidents resulted from a lackof protective measures, 50.76% were attributable to negligence, and 17.23 % were related to emergencysituations. Furthermore, employees working in a fixed daily position are at an increased risk of accidents (p =0.003). Additionally, occupational diseases have also been reported, with 32.29% of participants affected byoccupational allergies and 33.22% by skin sensitizations. Moreover, approximately 14.81% of participantssuffered from respiratory diseases, while 13.15% had eye injuries. Finally, about 6.48 % of participants werediagnosed with occupational cancer. Conclusion : Our study highlighted that occupational accidents have significant consequences on the health of employees, particularly concerning conditions related to exposure to chemical reagents. This underscores the urgent need to improve safety and prevention measures to ensure the protection of workers.
Study of the Effect of Massage Therapy on Serum Cortisol Concentration in a Patient with Chronic Stress
Authors: Ahmed Vildan , Marinova Denka
Published: December 2024

Stress is a condition that occurs when external or internal influences (stressors) are damaging or unusual in strength, which disrupt the homeostasis of the human organism. Cortisol is the glucocorticoid, which under the influence of stress factors increases its secretion more than 10 times. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of massage therapy on serum cortisol concentration in patients with chronic stress. Material and methods: the study refers to a 3-month follow-up of a 32-year-old male patient with high serum cortisol levels. PSS – 10 (Perceived Stress scale) was used, serum cortisol was measured immunometrically with chemiluminescent labeling. Two courses of ten procedures were conducted with massage (classical or Chinese) therapy in the cervical-thoracic area. Results: Reduction of serum cortisol levels, reduction of pain symptoms, subjective and objective management of stressors. Conclusion: Massage therapy appears to be an effective method of managing stress and the pain symptoms associated with it.
Mechanism of Wear-Out of Sounding Pipes in Ship Ballast Tanks
Authors: DENEV Yordan
Published: December 2024

During the operation of ships in the global commercial fleet, measurements of the current ballast level in ballast tanks are taken under various cargo and ballast conditions. As a result of repeated measurements, the structure at the bottom of the sounding pipes is damaged. The main cause is the impact of the weight at the end of the measuring instruments on the bottom of the pipe. Once the bottom of the pipe is destroyed, the impact is transferred to the hull or double bottom of the ship. In some cases, if timely measures are not taken to limit this phenomenon, the watertight integrity of the ship's hull is compromised. The article examines a possible mechanism of wear of the measuring pipes during the ship's operation. Repairing this type of wear takes a significant part of the ship's repair time and is accompanied by many associated tasks, the cost of which exceeds that of the repair itself. Approximate estimates of the time required for this type of wear to occur have been made. Measures to reduce this adverse effect are proposed.
Optimizing Type Well Construction: A New Approach for Scaling in Multiply Fractured Horizontal Wells
Authors: HARKOUSS Rami , JHA Himanshu , LEE W. John
Published: December 2024

This paper outlines a straightforward method to standardize production histories from analog wells to common reference conditions, including average permeability in the stimulated reservoir volume, fracture half-length, stage spacing, and lateral length. The scaling technique addresses variations among analog wells in a region, crucial for constructing representative type wells and reducing uncertainty in statistical analyses. Grounded in well-established analytical solutions for constant bottom hole pressure production and transient linear flow in multiply fractured horizontal wells, the study introduces the "A-root k" analysis for estimating average fracture length and a depth of investigation equation for average permeability in the stimulated reservoir volume. Scaling involves expressing transient linear flow variables in dimensionless terms, enabling the normalization of rate-time profiles to selected reference conditions. Averaged scaled profiles yield mean, P90, P50, and P10 type wells, which can be further rescaled to design conditions for undrilled wells. The workflow, demonstrated with field examples, facilitates type well construction at desired probability levels from analog wells grouped into a few bins based on scaled production profile similarities. This approach proves effective, typically requiring one or two bins for a given resource play area.
Degradation of Emamectin Benzoate by Chemical Catalytic Reaction of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Nanoparticle
Authors: BAYRAK Ayşe , DEMIR Sevde , ERER Hakan , GUBBUK Ilkay Hilal , ERSOZ Mustafa
Published: December 2024

In recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous crystalline materials, have attracted great attention as a promising candidate for environmental remediation and catalytic applications. In this study, g-C3N4@ZIF-8 containing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized to be used as a catalyst for the catalytic degradation of Emamectin benzoate pesticide with NaBH4. The synthesized gC3N4@ZIF-8 were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Dispersive X-ray and point of zero charge pH analysis. The degradation experiments of the synthetic pesticide were carried out in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) used as reducing agent and the degradation times of the pesticide were monitored in UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (UVVis). The catalytic activity of the prepared composite has been tested in aqueous medium at room temperature across a broad spectrum. Degradation experiments were conducted at room temperature in the presence of NaBH4, and the impact of various parameters such as pH, catalyst quantity, emamectin benzoate concentration, and NaBH4 amount has been thoroughly investigated in detail. g-C3N4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite showed superior NaBH4-induced chemical catalytic activity in degrading the toxic pollutant emamectin benzoate pesticide in a very short time. Kinetic parameters (k) for the degradation reactions were calculated and upon exposure to gC3N4@ZIF-8 nanoparticles, effective degradation of emamectin benzoate occurred in approximately 60 min. In the reduction reaction of emamectin benzoate pesticide with g-C3N4@ZIF-8, 70% degradation occurred within 60 min. This study provides insight into understanding nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the removal of pesticides from wastewater.
Synthesis of New Schiff Bases Including of Terephthalohydrazide and Sensor Application
Authors: ALICI Önder , HAMEED Arjan Akbar
Published: December 2024

Schiff bases are compounds that are formed by the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with primary amines, usually in alcoholic solution and in a neutral environment, and contain carbon-nitrogen (C=N) double bonds, called the azomethine or imine group, in their structure because of the condensation reaction. In recent years, Schiff Base-based molecular sensors have been one of the most emphasized topics by scientists. In this study, the 3'-formyl-4'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile was obtained as literature information (Alici & Erdemir, 2015). Then, for the target compound, which is Schiff base derivative, was obtained from the condensation reaction of the 3'-formyl-4'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile with terephthalohydrazide. Chemical structure of synthesized Schiff base compound was confirmed as using various spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Then, the interactions of the synthesized Schiff base compound with metals (Fe3+, Ag+ , Ca2+, Cr3+, Li+ , Sr2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cs+ , Na+ , Mg2+, Fe2+ , Zn2+, Al3+) under convenient conditions were investigated using fluorescence spectrophotometry. In the fluorimetric investigations, primarily, the selectivity study was carried out. The free sensor target compound at 489 nm did not produce any significant emission intensity with excitation at 360 nm. The each of the cations (10.0 equiv) were separately added to target compound, only Al3+ caused to a single band at 489 nm with a notable emission enhancement. As a result of the measurements, it was determined that the target compound had fluorimetric selectivity against only Al3+ metal within all metals (Fe3+, Ag+ , Ca2+, Cr3+, Li+ , Sr2+, Ni2+, Ba2+ , Pb2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cs+ , Na+ , Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+).
Technology Applications in Waste Management across Southeast Asia: A Bibliometric Analysis over the Past Decades
Authors: HARYANTO Haryanto , ANWAR Sjaeful , SOLIHAT Rini , TRIANSYAH Fadli Agus , MUHAMMAD Ilham , FUADI Debi S , PRATAMA Andika , SELPA - PERTIWI Fiza Dora
Published: December 2024

Using technology in waste management in the current era is crucial in enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and positive environmental impact. Therefore, this research aims to understand publication trends related to technology applications in waste management from 2013 to 2024 across Southeast Asia through bibliometric analysis. In this analysis, VOSviewer software and the bibliometric analysis applications RStudio and biblioshiny were employed to analyse the bibliographic data obtained graphically. After filtering, 553 documents from the Scopus database were analysed. The results revealed fluctuating trends in the number of publications, with the Journal of Cleaner Production being the highest contributor with 33 documents. Malaysia ranked first in the number of documents, with 452 focusing on technology utilisation in waste management. Additionally, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and the National University of Singapore were the most productive affiliations, each contributing the highest number of publications, with 58 each. Two institutions within the top twenty also represented Indonesia as the most relevant affiliations, namely (1) Bandung Institute of Technology and (2) Universitas Sebelas Maret. According to the research findings, 68 Indonesian researchers contributed to the analysed theme, with the top author originating from the Czech Republic with 13 documents. The globally most cited documents, published in the Journal of Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, have been cited 535 times. Visualisation of research trends revealed popular topics aligned with research and discussion, including waste management, sustainable development, recycling, waste disposal, solid waste, municipal solid waste, anaerobic digestion, waste treatment, biogas, pyrolysis, and environmental impact. These findings aid researchers in guiding future analyses and determining research themes, especially in waste management technology, while also assisting in resource allocation and evidence-based strategy formulation to enhance waste management efficiency and sustainability. Nonetheless, the study recommends further research using diverse data sources, bibliographic connections, and qualitative analysis.
Computer-Aided System for Customs Fraud Analytics Based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: GANCHEVA Veska , POPOV George , RAYNOVA Kamelia , POPOVA Antoaneta , GEORGIEV Ivaylo
Published: December 2024

Globalization has stimulated the opening of the market and the accumulation of huge amounts of data, which consequently leads to an increase in the importance of the control of customs operations. However, customs data is highly imbalanced and this poses challenges in its integration and processing. Therefore, it is of prime importance to find automatic computationally intelligent solutions for customs management. The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to propose a computer-aided system for customs fraud analytics based on artificial intelligence techniques, ensuring the application and verification of methods and algorithms for integration, management, analysis and visualization of data on customs violations. The architecture of the customs violation data analysis system consists of the following components: data sources, data storage, data integration and preprocessing, real-time data flow, modeling, analysis and storage of analytical data, and visualization of the results. A machine learning approach for detecting customs fraud through unstructured data analysis is proposed. An artificial neural network designed for data analysis is designed, and the input data is divided into training data and testing data. A reduced set of statistical records related to the analysis of heterogeneous databases of different institutions, which is stored in a data warehouse, are used as experimental data. The first 80% of the data are used to train the neural network and the remaining 20% to test the trained network. Experimental results show that the calculated accuracy increases with increasing epochs and is higher for the training data and lower for the validation test data. Thus, the trained model can be saved and used to monitor for anomalies. The trained model is applied to the system to calculate new input parameters that were not used in either training or validation.
А Graph Database Intrusion Detection and Prevention System
Authors: LYUBENOVA Simona , PETROV Milen , ALEKSIEVA - PETROVA Adelina
Published: December 2024

Network threats are perceived as a serious and current problem due to the presence of different types of attacks, the purpose of which is to penetrate the security of a certain system using vulnerabilities and fraud techniques. They can appear anywhere, making them more difficult to detect and prevent. The victims of such type of attacks are constantly increasing, resulting in great losses not only in financial terms, but also in breaches of data privacy and business processes. As a result, protecting confidential information from unpredictable attacks has become a pressing issue and a difficult task that would be impossible without the help of intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS). The goal of the paper is to propose and design general architecture and implement a prototype for protection of an existing network of devices by detecting and preventing threats through the extraction and analysis of information from the devices located in the network, with the necessary data being stored in a graph database offering the possibility of visualization. To implement device network protection, it is necessary to enable software tools that, based on certain rules, impose restrictions on devices on the network and prevent future malicious actions.
Industrial Engineering and Management Applications: Evaluation of Data Integration Tools for Smart Manufacturing
Authors: TIEN NGUYEN Van Thanh , MINH VO Nhut Thi
Published: December 2024

This study comprehensively evaluates leading data integration tools for smart manufacturing environments using a hybrid Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) methodology. As Industry 4.0 drives increased automation and data exchange in manufacturing processes, selecting appropriate data integration tools has become critical yet complex. We assessed seven prominent data integration tools across 24 criteria grouped into six main categories: functionality, vendor-related factors, user experience, cost, reliability, and flexibility. Our data collection was informed by expert interviews, vendor documentation analysis, user reviews, and benchmark testing. The AHP analysis revealed functionality and data integration features as the most crucial criteria (weight: 0.2493), followed by user-related factors (0.1814). The VIKOR method then ranked the tools, with Oracle Data Integrator emerging as the top performer (Q=0.0000), followed by Informatica PowerCenter (Q=0.22391). Our findings highlight the importance of cloud-native solutions and user experience in industrial data integration. This research contributes a robust framework for evaluating data integration tools in imaginative manufacturing contexts and offers insights to guide decision-making in Industry 4.0 initiatives.
Statistical Methods for Processing Data on the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds
Authors: YEREMIEIEV Vladimir , SIOKHIN Valery , MATSYURA Alexander , BUKREEV Dmitriy
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the processing and analysis of observational results that make it possible to predict the impact of wind power on the environmental situation; in the course of the work, an algorithm for statistical processing of the results of monitoring the dynamics of ornithocomplexes on the territory of wind power plants (WPPs) is proposed. During the study, it was found that the parameters for the statistical analysis of ornithocomplexes on the territory of the wind farm are: the number of birds, the number of species, the time spent at the recording site and the activity coefficients of individuals of different species at different altitudes. The solution to the most frequently encountered problems in the analysis of bird migration in the wind farm zone is considered: 1) An algorithm has been developed for the primary statistical processing of information obtained by the route counting method and observations in accordance with the recommendations of the Scottish Natural Heritage Foundation. 2) The features of the application of correlation and regression analysis using the Student, Pearson and Fisher criteria are considered. 3) An algorithm for statistical analysis based on the trend approach is proposed. The considered statistical methods were tested on the results of migratory bird census on the territory of the Prymorsk-1 wind farm located on the coast of the Sea of Azov.
Analysis of Supports Displacements Induced Delamination in Multilayered Indeterminate Beam Structures
Authors: RIZOV Victor
Published: December 2024

This theoretical paper is focussed on the problem of delamination in a multilayered beam loadcarrying structure that is statically indeterminate. The beam is supported by three supports. The middle support represents a vertical spring. There is no external mechanical loading on the beam. Instead of this, the beam is under vertical displacement of the left-hand support. The main goal of the paper is to investigate the delamination due to the displacement of the left-hand support. Another issue that is under consideration is the effect of the vertical spring. The beam has non-linear elastic mechanical behaviour. The parameters of the nonlinear constitutive law that is applied for treating the beam mechanical behaviour vary continuously along the beam length since the beam layers are made of engineering materials that are continuously inhomogeneous in the length direction. Equations for determination of the curvatures and coordinates of the neutral axis in the portions of the beam are constituted. The strain energy release rate (SERR) induced by the support displacement is derived and checked-up by the integral J.
Design Requirements for the Device for Differentiating Pathological States of Biological Tissues
Authors: SULYMA Volodymyr , GAPONOV Volodymyr , MESCHERYAKOV Leonid , KRAVCHENKO Vitaly
Published: December 2024

The appearance of the device for mini-gamma-quantum differentiation of biological tissues, the arrangement of units (research unit and control unit), units (cassette holder, electronic units, etc.) and individual parts (cassette, etc.), as well as control panels (front and rear) have ergonomic indicators that ensure convenience use (preparation for operation – ease of installation of the device on the table, connection to the electrical network and grounding, loading/unloading of biological tissue samples into/from the cassette, etc.); ease of use (ease of working with the control panel and the cassette with the cassette holder); the convenience of preventive maintenance work (cassette disinfection, etc.). The control unit and the research unit are located in different housings of the device: a) control unit – in a high-strength plastic case; b) research unit – in a stainless steel metal case. A measuring device in the form of a scintillation detector is located in the metal case of the research unit, consisting of: a case, a scintillator (crystal, plastic, liquid), a photoelectric multiplier, a power cell, a source of ionizing low-energy gamma radiation in a special protective case that ensures compliance with sanitary requirements and radiation safety standards, and a cassette for biological tissue to be examined (a sample of biological tissue is placed in the biopsies section of the cassette), which is installed in the cassette holder. The design of the cassette holder includes a knife for cutting excess biopsies. The cassette holder is firmly fixed in the housing of the device's research unit. The control unit houses power elements, a microprocessor controller for processing information and maintaining a database, providing communication with peripheral electronic devices. The front panel of the device houses the information monitor and control points. On the back panel there is a device on/off switch, a fuse and places for connecting additional devices. The device has the possibility of applying protective grounding.
Forecasting Fraud Detection Using Data Science Methods
Authors: KAVUS Baris , SOLEIMANI - ZAKERI Negar Sadat
Published: December 2024

Fraud detection is critical in various domains, including finance, healthcare, and e-commerce, where fraudulent activities pose significant threats to organizational integrity and financial stability. Traditional fraud detection methods often fail to address the dynamic nature of fraudulent behavior. In response, data science methods have emerged as promising tools for forecasting fraudulent activities by leveraging advanced analytics techniques on large-scale datasets. This research will make significant contributions by focusing on predicting fraud detection through data science methods. The findings will guide on preventing customers from committing fraud. The research questions aimed to be answered in this study are as follows: What are the key factors affecting fraud detection? Which customer behaviors are the strongest predictors of fraud detection? This study will provide a valuable model to the industry, enabling financial institutions to strengthen their risk management strategies and translate innovations in AI into applications.
Diagnosis of the Effect of Steel Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars
Authors: SAMIR Belmahi , AMINE Guiz , EL - AMINE Boudim Sidi Mohamed , IBRAHIM Klouche Djedid
Published: December 2024

The reinforcement of cement-based materials by fibers has currently become an interesting solution in order to improve their qualities and their structural resistance. In fact, there are several types of fibers, differing according to their origins, such as polymer, metallic or ceramics. This study aims to examine in particular, the effect of the addition of steel (metallic) fibers on the mechanical properties of cement-based mortars. For this, an experimental approach described in this work was followed in order to achieve this objective. The fibers were introduced into the mixture during mixing with varying percentages from 0.4 to 3% of the cement mass, and the mechanical strengths (Tensile and compressive) were measured. The results showed that the introduction of steel fibers into a mortar gives compressive and tensile strength results higher than those of control mortars, and that the best percentages in terms of resistance and economy are between 0, 7 and 1.9% of the mass of cement. Indeed, we recorded an increase in compressive strength ranging from 15% to 54% (up to approximately 70 MPa) and an increase in tensile strength ranging from 29 to 57% (up to approximately 10 MPa). The addition of fiber therefore makes it possible to increase the resistance of the mortar specimens and the appearance of cracks without rupture or destruction in the case of the bending test in comparison with ordinary mortars specimens
Determination of Battery Capacity and Type in Electric Wheel Loader Machines Considering Variable Operating Conditions
Authors: KARAHAN Mustafa
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the development and production of fully electric battery vehicles have become increasingly common in the construction equipment sector. Conventional construction machines with diesel internal combustion engines are losing popularity in city centers with high human density due to the harmful gases and high noise levels emitted into the environment. In some developed countries, the use of conventional machines has already been prohibited in some areas, and it is reflected in the media that other administrations have been concentrating on similar activities. In addition to easy access to charging stations in city centers, charging systems that can provide high power, especially in construction sites where machines operate, and charging the machines within a particular area makes charging more practical than passenger vehicles. The machines have multiple consumers, such as the powertrain and hydraulic systems, and have various operating conditions. Therefore, the power demand and energy consumption should be definite correctly. The requirement analysis for the battery package of the fully electric wheel loader has been made according to various operating scenarios, and the capacity of the battery package is investigated. Different battery types are compared, and their pros and cons are explained. Several field tests, measurements, and engineering calculations have provided data. The overall schematic plan of the fully electric machine has been created, and technical details have been explained.
Comparative Analysis of Digital Translation Tools
Authors: KARASALIU Alma
Published: December 2024

As technology progresses, educators become essential in effectively integrating and guiding the application of digital tools to enhance students’ learning experience. This paper focuses on the dynamic use of three distinct digital tools—Google Translate, ChatGPT, and My AI on Snapchat—by Bachelor's Degree students while translating and comparing economy-related texts. The study employs a hands-on methodology, encouraging students to explore the functionalities of each tool and propose alternative translations in instances of any identified errors or any inappropriately translated version. Through detailed analysis of the students' contributions, it is sought to reveal patterns and preferences in the usage of the above-mentioned tools, providing a better understanding of their impact on English language learning. Beyond the immediate context, the study sheds light on the broader implications of technology integration in the field of education. Gaining insights into students' interactions with digital tools not only shapes pedagogical methods but also contributes to the ongoing dialogue on incorporating digital tools in foreign language acquisition in higher education. In conclusion, besides highlighting the transformative impact of digital translation tools in the field of education, further benefits such as enhanced contextual comprehension, immediate feedback, and personalized learning experiences will be pointed out.
Experimental Investigation of the Wear of Some Polymer Gear Wheels Produced by Three-Dimensional Printer on the Variation of Fill Percentage and Shell Thickness
Authors: AGCA Bekir Volkan , TUNALIOGLU Mert Safak
Published: December 2024

FDM additive manufacturing method has recently been widely used because it is very attractive in terms of cost and material loss compared to traditional manufacturing methods such as molding and milling. In previous studies, many researches have been carried out on the engineering strength of plastic gears produced by conventional methods, but with the discovery of new plastic forms by material science and the practical application of new production methods, researchers continue the researches on additive manufacturing gears. So far, many studies have investigated the wear variation, rotational speed and torque variation with variations in gear wheels produced with three-dimensional printers. In this study, using the ability of FDM technology to produce in layers, gear wheels with several variations in outer shell thicknesses and internal filling ratios were produced. The wear behaviors of these gear wheels produced with different variations were investigated. On the other hand, PETG and ABS polymers were also produced under the same conditions in order to provide material diversity in addition to PLA polymer, which has been used so far in many studies due to its low melting temperature and good printability. Then wear behaviors were observed under the same conditions using the FZG (Forschungsstelle fur Zahnrader und Getriebebebau) test setup. Thanks to additive manufacturing technology, polymer gear types were produced with fill ratios of 100% and 50% and outer shell thicknesses of 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm. The test specimens were operated against the steel gear at a torque of 1.5 Nm and a rotational speed of 900 rpm and the mass losses as a result of wear were compared. Thus, a comparison was made about the strength of polymer types with the variation of outer shell thickness and filling percentage.
Comparative Analysis of the Flight Characteristics and Energy Efficiency of a Quadcopter and an Octacopter
Authors: KAMBUSHEV Martin Milenov , KAMBUSHEV Kiril Milenov
Published: December 2024

This publication is part of a study aimed at finding the optimal configuration (tricopter, quadcopter, octacopter, etc.) in terms of flight stability, payload and energy efficiency. For this purpose, full non-linear quadcopter and octacopter models have been created. Data from real objects (linear and weight characteristics, parameters of the engine-propeller system) were used to create them. Quadcopter and Octacopter use the same motors and propellers. In the simulations, the mass of the two objects is the same. Both models are controlled with PID controllers in four channels (Yaw, pitch, roll and height). The initial adjustment of the regulators was carried out according to the second method of Ziegler-Nichols. A secondary adjustment of the regulators was carried out, with the goal of minimal over-adjustment, speed and accuracy. A parallel simulation of the nonlinear models in the Simulink environment was performed, on the basis of which the conclusions about the stability and energy efficiency of the quadcopter and the octacopter were made.
Construction of an Integral Distribution Function of Random Variables Determining the Impact of Wind Power Plant on Birds in accordance with the Predictive Analysis by Experts
Authors: YEREMEEV Vladimir , NAIDYSH Andrey , STOKAN Oksana
Published: December 2024

The team of scientists led by ornithologist V. D. Siokhin proposed a method for predicting the impact of planned wind power plants (WPP) on avifauna using expert assessment. The method for modeling the differential p(x) and integral F(x) distribution functions of the sum of several random variables with distribution densities p1(x1), p2(x2), p3(x3)…, determining the probability of bird interaction on the territory of a wind farm and adjacent buffer zones is developed in this article. The function p(x), which is a convolution of p1(x1), p2(x2), p3(x3) ..., is represented as an improper integral with infinite limits. An algorithm for calculating p(x) and F(x) is proposed by replacing an improper integral with an integral having finite limits and subsequent numerical integration taking into account the specified accuracy. Testing of the method for calculating the functions p(x) and F(x) was carried out on two examples with known solutions. One of the tests was carried out on two differential functions of distribution subjecting the normal law with mathematical expectations а1 and а2, and variances σ1 2 and σ2 2 . It is known that the distribution of such a sum obeys the normal law with mathematical expectation a equal to the sum of а1 and а2, and variance σ 2 equal to the sum of σ1 2 and σ2 2 . The results of calculations of the functions p(x) and F(x) using numerical methods for the number of nodes of 100 and more coincide with known solutions with an error of 10-15, which indicates the high accuracy of the proposed method. The found integral distribution function allows us to determine the probability characteristics of the impact of wind farms on birds.
Application of Magnetic Biochar@Alginate Composite as Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media
Authors: PARLAYICI Serife , PEHLIVAN Erol
Published: December 2024

In recent years, magnetic biochar has been widely used for the removal of dyes in polluted water due to its magnetic separation abilities and has been used as composite adsorbents by incorporating different biomasses into its structure for the removal of such pollutants. In this study, a new composite magnetic biochar@alginate composite (mBC@Alg) was synthesized as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The primary focus of this intensive preparation procedure is on the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of the mBC@Alg for enhanced MB adsorption capacity. The composite material was characterized using FT-IR analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch adsorption studies experiments were performed to determine the removal efficiencies, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration of MB molecules. Various adsorption isotherms such as Freundlich, Langmuir, Scathard and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to describe the adsorption behavior at equilibrium. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was identified as the most appropriate model to explain the observed adsorption phenomena, and the adsorption capacity of mBC@Alg for MB was determined to be 416.67 mg/g using this isotherm. Kinetic studies were carried out using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and it was concluded that the experimental data fit well with the second-order kinetic model. The adsorbent properties of the mBC@Alg composite are particularly effective in removing MB molecules from aqueous solutions.
Synthesis and Study of the Complex Compound of Isonicotinamide with Zinc Nitrate
Authors: SHARIPOVA Lobar , IBRAGIMOVA Mavluda , KHUDOYBERGANOV Oybek , KHALLOKOV Farhod , BOBAKULOV Khayrulla , ABDULLAEVA Zubayda
Published: December 2024

A complex compound of zinc nitrate with isonicotinamide was synthesized. The advantages of the mechanochemical (solid-phase) method, the optimal conditions of synthesis are presented IR- and 1Н NMRspectroscopic analysis provide information about ligands and the complex compound formed on their basis, the nature of the bond, central atom surrounding, polyhedra, valence and deformation vibrations, shifts in proton signals. Crystallographic data of the complex compound were obtained using a Malvern Panalytical Empyrean diffractometer. Analysis of the obtained results was carried out using FULLPROF and VESTA programs. When the lengths and angles of the valence bonds were analyzed using the MOGUL program adapted to the MERCURY complex, it was found that there were no bonds and angles with non-standard values between them. The state of the central atomic spatial structure, hybridization, binding of the isonicotinamide molecule and the nitric acid residue to the zinc atom were studied. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded.
Phenological and Morphological Characters Analysis of Vicia Narbonensis L. and Vicia Sativa L. in a Semi-Arid Context
Authors: DJELLAL Farid , MAHMAH Selma , MOUHOUS Azeddine , KADI Si Ammar , MEBARKIA Amar
Published: December 2024

Our study focused on ten Vicia narbonensis L. ecotypes in comparison with two Vicia sativa L. ecotypes cultivated at the University of Sétif-1 experimental station. The aims work to study these twelve vetches behavior via phenological character (plant height) and some morphological stages (date: start of flowering, 50% of flowering and full flowering) monitoring, under the rainy conditions of the semi-arid region (East Algerian). The Two Vicia sativa L. ecotypes are used as controls because this species dominates forage crops in Algeria. The data collected are subjected to variance analysis based on comparison Fisher means (LSD) at the 5% threshold. The relationships between the different measured variables pairs are described and analyzed by calculating phenotypic correlations, based on genotypic means using the XLSTAT software (2014). The variance analysis indicates significant effects of ecotype, year and ecotype × year interaction (p
Energy Audit of an Enterprise from Machine Industry
Authors: VALCHEV Slav , SEMERDZHIEVA Ana , TASHEVA Stanislava
Published: December 2024

An energy survey of an enterprise operating in field of machine industry is carried out. During the energy audit, primary information about energy consumed by the enterprise for heating, ventilation, lighting and needs of production process for three year period was collected. Annual energy costs for three consecutive years were compared and highest energy costs were taken as a basis for determining the energy consumption baseline. Proposals for energy-saving measures are defined. The specific energy costs before and after energy-saving measures were calculated and comparisons between them were made. An assessment to optimize number of workers in the enterprise and increase its competitiveness was made. The effect of increasing the productivity of the enterprise was evaluated. Direct and indirect cost savings were estimated, realized during the implementation of energy-saving measures. Annual energy savings in machine industry enterprise as energy saved in kWh/year and in saved carbon emissions/year to the environment were presented.
The Properties of Waste Cooking Oil Soap with Avocado Waste Extract as Filler
Authors: IRAWAN Nisrina Zahira Putri , MUNAWAROH Heli Siti Halimatul , ANWAR Sjaeful
Published: December 2024

The research investigated the production of bar soap formulation using waste cooking oil (WCO) and avocado waste extract as a filler to enhance its functional properties and provide additional benefits for human skin. The research involved refining WCO, extracting avocado seed and peel bioactive compounds, preparing the solid soap formulation, and conducting various tests to evaluate its pH, cleansing ability, organoleptic properties, and irritation potential. The results indicated that all of the soap formulations met Indonesia National Standard (SNI) for pH and exhibited comparable cleansing power to commercial soaps. Organoleptic tests revealed moderate levels of hardness, foam, odor, texture, and tight impression. Irritation tests identified WCO bar soap that four of six formulations did not cause skin irritation. Overall, the WCO bar soap containing 10% (w/w) avocado peel extract, demonstrated promising properties and met all the established criteria. Future research should focus on characterizing specific chemical compounds in the soap, exploring additional natural extracts with antioxidant and anti-allergic activities, and further analysis quantitatively is required to ensure the product's quality and clinical efficacy.