bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СУЧАСНІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ В УПРАВЛІННІ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА
Authors: Зрибнєва Ірина
Published: August 2021

Забезпечення конкурентоспроможного розвитку інноваційного сегменту економіки є одним з найважливіших завдань в аспекті трансформації траєкторії розвитку національної соціальної та економічної системи. Наявність конкурентоспроможного інноваційного сегмента не тільки забезпечує сталий розвиток національної економіки, а й також підвищує рівень її інвестиційної привабливості. У свою чергу, рішення задач трансформації траєкторії розвитку національної економіки з традиційної в інноваційну, а також її модернізації неможливе без достатнього фінансування, тобто без інвестицій у наукомісткі рішення, що втілюються в подальшому в продукції, економіко-соціальних процесах. Інвестиції, у тому числі, що здійснюються в високотехнологічні галузі і сегменти національної економіки, повинні нести інвестору бажаний рівень віддачі при прийнятному для останнього рівні ризику. Отже, вкладення інвестиційних ресурсів має характеризуватися економічною доцільністю і результативністю. Але, як правило, в високотехнологічній сфері можливі унікальні рішення досить довгий час залишаються латентними, і це є однією з причин того, що реальні обсяги інвестицій в інновації нижче очікуваних, це також є однією з причин відставання темпів розвитку інноваційного сегмента реального сектора національної економіки від світових темпів високотехнологічного зростання і розвитку. Друга з можливих причин недостатньої ще ділової активності в наукомістких високотехнологічних галузях полягає в територіальній розподіленості інвесторів і новаторів. Складається ситуація, при якій інновації переважно продукуються в центральних регіонах, але реальні інвестиції розосереджені по регіонах, віддалених від центру. В результаті інноваційний та інвестиційний потоки мають різну частотність, характеризуються дискретністю. Приведення їх у скоординований вид представляє собою нетривіальну задачу. Вирішення цього завдання полягає в тому, щоб створити стимули до інвестування в майбутнє.
Comprehensive Analysis of Edge Detection in Color Image Processing
Authors: Plataniotis Konstantinos N , Shu-Yu Zhu, , Venetsanopoulos Anastasios N.
Published: August 2021

Various approaches to edge detection for color images, including techniques extended from monochrome edge detection as well as vector space approaches, are examined. In particular, edge detection techniques based on vector order statistic operators and difference vector operators are studied in detail. Numerous edge detectors are obtained as special cases of these two classes of operators. The effect of distance measures on the performance of different color edge detectors is studied by employing distance measures other than the Euclidean norm. Variations are introduced to both the vector order statistic opera-tors and the difference vector operators to improve noise performance. They both demonstrate the ability to attenuate noise with added algorithm complexity. Among them, the difference vector operator with adaptive filtering shows the most promising results. Other vector directional filtering techniques are also introduced and utilized for color edge detection. Both quantitative and subjective tests are performed in evaluating the performance of the edge detectors, and a detailed comparison is presented.
Copyright 1999 Society of Photo‑Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this publication for a fee or for commercial purposes, and modification of the contents of the publication are prohibited.
Improving time-dependent deformation measurement
Authors: Chen Jinlong , Lu Hua , Sun Cuiru
Published: August 2021

A new method for characterizing shape changes over time may improve nondestructive testing.
Most Frequently Used Vocabulary in Selected English Drama Movie Scripts
Authors: Suwanaroa Sawitri , Polerk Sutarat
Published: August 2021

Understanding words in motion pictures is a rewarding pathway for audience of cultural-based media and entertainment. The study aimed to investigate the most frequently used vocabulary in selected English drama movie scripts. It sought to find out the most frequently occurred part of speech and to probe the frequency of occurrences of each content words in the movie scripts. Five English drama movie scripts were chosen purposively as sources of the corpora. Applying the Antconc program software developed by Anthony, a total of 108 content words were noted and categorized for corpora analysis. There were 38 verbs, 28 adverbs, 24 nouns and 18 adjectives noted as commonly used vocabulary from the movie scripts. Among the verb types, have (366), can (276) and know (232) emerged as the most frequently occurred action words with a total frequency of 3,142 occurrences. In the case of adverbs, here (237), out (178), and about (163) came out as the most frequently used words with a total occurrence of 1,598. Nouns, on the other hand, have 1,574 occurrences with time (134), tree (133), and going (127) as the most frequently used name words. Adjective was found to be the least frequently occurred content word with 752 occurrences to include right (146), old (54), and only (53) as the top three frequently used noun modifiers. In conclusion, verb outnumbered the other three content words due to drama’s nature of involving the characters into action; and ‘have’ came out as the most frequently used verb because drama scenes imply possessions and obligations.
COMPARATIVE EXTRACTION OF Mn AND Pb USING EDTA AND CITRATE TO ASSESS THEIR MOBILITY FROM TWO DUMPSITES IN ZARIA METROPOLIS
Authors: Samuel-Okey Comfort , Ajibola V. O.
Published: August 2021

An estimate of the labile fractions of different trace metals (Mn and Pb) in soil from two dumpsites with complexing agents (EDTA and Citrate) was carried out. The dump sites used for this study receives both commercial and domestic wastes. Physiochemical parameters and the total metal concentrations of the soil was determined, extraction with EDTA and Citrate were used to study the potential metal extraction capacity at different time intervals and the extraction rates of  metal released as a function of time (between 0 to 24 hr). The relatively low levels of silt, clay, organic matter and CEC indicates high permeability, hence leachability of heavy metals in the soil and suggest that it might be amenable to remediation by soil washing. The removal efficiency showed that complete solubilization of metals did not occur, as not all the complexing agents added to the soil, was bound to the target metal. This might be due to the presence of other ions such as Ca and Fe which form relatively high stable complexes. EDTA yielded much more than citrate for both metals under consideration. Lead was extracted more than Manganese, which suggest Lead has been more labile in solution than Manganese and EDTA as a stronger complexing agent than citrate. The level of extraction was constant for the period of 60 min to 720 min after which it increased considerably
Understanding the Role of Arctic States, Non-Arctic States and Indigenous Peoples in Arctic Affairs Through the Lens of International Relations Theories
Authors: Viguier Thomas
Published: August 2021

The Arctic is slowly opening to the world due to the ice retreat. The regional concept of unreachable lands, seas and ice is disappearing, leading the Arctic States to assert sovereignty over their respective Arctic territory in order to secure Arctic resources. However, Indigenous Peoples are concerned by these large-scale changes as their traditional land is changing, threatening their culture and existence. Finally, some non-Arctic States actively draft policies to express their intentions regarding the Arctic and its economic and strategic possibilities. In that sense, all stakeholders are adapting their conception of international relations to fit the new Arctic reality.
High Stakes in the High North: Alternative Models for Greenland’s Ongoing Constitutional and Political Transformation
Authors: Zellen Barry
Published: August 2021

Given the widespread attention and curiosity that accompanied the critical response to former President Trump’s 2019 Greenland purchase initiative, even in the absence of forward movement on the plan, the White House’s renewed (and continuing under the new Biden administration) interest in the Arctic and its increasing commitment to engagement and forward presence in the High North Atlantic region, has nonetheless been positively reinforced in the many months since – and this surely has not escaped the attention of America’s principal rivals in Beijing and Moscow, nor of its friends in Greenland, Iceland and across the lightly-settled and strategically salient North Atlantic. As Greenland continues its transformation from colony to autonomy and beyond toward a more formally independent sovereign status, several models are examined in this thought essay that Greenland could potentially pursue as it evolves from its current constitutional and political form. Because of the dynamic uncertainties of the polar thaw, and the return of Westphalian state competition to the Arctic region in recent years, the potential independence of Greenland becomes instead a strategic wildcard needing to be closely studied and pro-actively engaged to ensure a future sovereign Greenland maintains the close, collaborative and friendly relationship with the United States and the West, optimally as part of NATO, that it currently pursues as a constituent component of Denmark.
Singapore and the Arctic: Is the Gibraltar of the East Going to Materialize its Geopolitical Ambitions?
Authors: Viguier Thomas
Published: August 2021

The Arctic is becoming the new place to be for states, companies and academics, as the ice retreat is uncovering new strategic and geopolitical stakes. Arctic sates have already updated their Arctic policies, including their geopolitical stakes and Asian states with an Observer status to the Arctic Council are following the trend, but few of them don’t have an Arctic policy yet, Singapore being one of them. Highly participative within the Arctic Council’s working groups and building a strong cooperation, Singapore still remains mysterious in its approach. Then, what are the Gibraltar of the East’s geopolitical ambitions in the Arctic?
EXAMINATION OF CONTEXT-BASED PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS
Authors: Ültay Eser
Published: August 2021

In recent years, while the context-based approach has been popular and the teachers have been using it in the classrooms, it is seen that they do not prefer using context-based evaluation techniques. This becomes a problem for students because they used to be taught in the context-based approach enriched by daily life examples and then they are measured by paper and pencil tests. From this point of view, the aim of this research was to examine the ability of the pre-service physics teachers creating context-based problem about pressure. A case study approach was used to answer the research questions. The research was carried out in a university on the north coast of Turkey. Participants were 25 pre-service physics teachers between 20-24 ages. Pre-service teachers were firstly taught the context-based approach and then to write context-based problems. In data collection process, they prepared context-based problems and they were evaluated by a rubric consisting six criteria and three categories. After data analysis, it was found that pre-service teachers remained in the middle level in terms of creating context-based problems. In undergraduate or graduate programs, pre-service teachers and teachers should be informed about the context-based approach and context-based evaluation techniques so that they can effectively use them. Key words: context-based evaluation, context-based problem, pre-service physics teachers.
Usando la Factorización de Rango Completo de Cholesky en la Solución de los Mínimos Cuadrados Ponderados
Authors: Castillo Marrero Zenaida Natividad , Ponsot Balaguer Ernesto Antonio , José Camacho Franklin , León Sánchez María Victoria
Published: August 2021

Es frecuente encontrar en la investigación en las ciencias e ingenierías, que se requiere de factorizaciones de matrices para facilitar o simplificar los cálculos, ya sea para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, o no lineales, provenientes de análisis de datos o de modelado o simulación de procesos industriales. Cuando las matrices son cuadradas y de rango completo existen factorizaciones que permiten hacer este trabajo eficientemente; sin embargo, cuando las matrices son rectangulares y/o deficientes en rango, las extensiones de estas factorizaciones se hacen necesarias y deben ser tratadas cuidadosamente para que los resultados sean confiables. Objetivo: En este trabajo se describe la descomposición de rango completo de Cholesky y su uso en algunas aplicaciones en áreas como la Estadística, donde a menudo se requiere resolver sistemas sobredeterminados por el método de los mínimos cuadrados o extensiones del mismo. Metodología. Se describen los pasos para generar esta descomposición y su uso en la estimación máximo verosímil de parámetros por el método de los mínimos cuadrados reponderados. Resultados: Se presenta experimentación preliminar en datos sintéticos, con resultados que sustentan el uso de esta descomposición para matrices rectangulares o deficientes en rango. Conclusión: La factorización propuesta para resolver el problema de estimación de parámetros con la función de verosimilitud es satisfactoria y pudiera ser utilizada para optimizar el tiempo de cómputo de la solución de problemas similares.
Manufactura de un prototipo cabezote de motor de dos tiempos mono cilíndrico 100 cc aplicando ingeniería inversa y el método CAD/CAM
Authors: Bravo Morocho Victor David , Abarca Pérez Edison Patricio , López Ortíz Santiago Alejandro , Freire Bravo Jhon Jesus
Published: August 2021

Se manufacturo un prototipo de cabezote de un motor de dos tiempos mono cilindro 100cc aplicando ingeniería inversa y el método CAD/CAM, la investigación inicia con la caracterización mecánica y química de un cabezote de referencia (AX100), para seguidamente geometrizarlo mediante un software de Diseño Asistido por Computadora (CAD) e imprimirlo en una impresora 3D, una vez obtenido el molde impreso se procedió a la preparación de la arena con silicato de calcio, donde se moldeo y se procedió a inyectar dióxido de carbono para endurecer el molde, se unieron y se procedió a fundir el aluminio, se agregó 1.92% de zinc, 1.35% de silicio y 1,62% de cobre en la colada además se agregaron sodio y estaño para sustraer los gases y obtener una colada más fluida hasta alcanzar una temperatura de 1000 grados Centígrados, finalmente se mecanizo el cabezote fundido en un centro de mecanizado de 3 ejes y se realizó una prueba insitu en un motor de combustión interna de pruebas; se logró obtener un prototipo de cabezote con un aluminio de la serie 392 con una dureza promedio de 110HB totalmente funcional y con características similares al cabezote de referencia; se recomienda utilizar el método de fundición en verde ya que permite obtener geometrías complejas y considerar la composición másica de cada elemento aleante ya que al fundir el aluminio estos se evaporan alrededor de un 2 a 3% (Freire Bravo, 2021).
Evaluación de las metodologías holmberg y konya en la mina grumintor de una malla de perforación y voladura
Authors: Mejía Flores Marco Antonio , Cuesta Andrade Gregory Guillermo , Cabrera Barrera Kevin Felipe
Published: August 2021

En el desarrollo de esta investigación se analizó la aplicación de dos metodologías de mallas de perforación y voladura Holmberg y Konya en la mina Grumintor de la Concesión Minera Pinglio, con el fin de estimar el remplazo de la malla vigente de perforación y voladura utilizada por la compañía antes mencionada (Agrimroc, 2017). Se inició con el diagnostico de campo de la malla utilizada tradicionalmente, como también el análisis de los equipos utilizados; continuando con el estudio de las propiedades de los explosivos a utilizarse; además se realizó el levantamiento de información geológica de la roca para dar una clasificación al macizo rocoso, estos datos fueron procesados y analizados mediante programas informáticos manejando distintas variables de estudio a fin de diseñar las mallas de perforación y voladura usando la metodología de Holmberg y la metodología de Konya, y aplicar en las diferentes galerías de exploración. Las mallas de perforación y voladura usadas habitualmente en la mina para sus labores de exploración son de tres tipos y su elección se realiza según el criterio, observación, y experiencia del perforista. Los resultados de la aplicación de las dos metodologías nos permitirán comparar parámetros y obtener conclusiones sobre la aplicabilidad de estas y elegir la malla más adecuada de perforación y voladura.
The Effect of Levator Recession for Upper Eyelid Retraction in Patients with Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Oh Ja Young , Lee Jeong Kyu
Published: August 2021

Purpose: We analyzed factors that affect the outcome of levator recession surgery for upper eyelid retraction in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed based on the medical records of 24 patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy who underwent upper eyelid levator recession surgery between February 10, 2010, and September 18, 2018. The margin to reflex distance (MRD), length and area of the upper and lower eyelids were measured and compared with the eyelid analysis software before and after 6 months of surgery on medical records. In addition, factors affecting the difference in MRD1 before and after surgery were examined by multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: Twenty-four patients were included in the study. The MRD1 decreased significantly from 5.12 ± 1.26 mm before surgery to 3.48 ± 1.08 mm at 6 months after surgery (p < 0.001). All upper eyelid measurements, i.e., UEL (p < 0.001), UMA (p < 0.001), UCA (p = 0.004), and ULA (p < 0.001), were significantly decreased after surgery, while none of the lower eyelid measurements showed significant changes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lower preoperative MRD1 was associated with the success of the surgery (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-1.01).Conclusions: Levator recession surgery is an efficient surgical method that can correct the upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Fulminant Progressive Atypical Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinitis
Authors: Kim Sung Joon , Jeon Hyeshin , Byon Ik Soo , Lee Ji Eun , Park Sung Who
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To report a case of unilateral progressive atypical acute zonal outer retinitis in a healthy young female.Case summary: A 32-year-old healthy woman presented with visual disturbance in the left eye for 1 week. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.4 in the left eye. No abnormal findings were detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging and a laboratory work-up. Zonal retinal opacity around the optic nerve disc was noticed in a fundus photo which was consistent with the outer retinal signal defect on optical coherence tomography and a defect in the central visual field from perimetry. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome was suspected based on fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. Prednisolone was prescribed. Visual acuity was reduced to hand-motion after 10 days with extended zonal retinal opacity. No virus was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction of the aqueous humor. The lesion did not improve despite high-dose intravenous steroid and antiviral treatment.Conclusions: Visual function was lost with the progression of outer retinitis. This case differed from previous cases as the outer retinitis progressed rapidly from the posterior pole to the peripheral retina. It was named fulminant progressive atypical acute zonal outer retinitis.
Orchidaceae no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia: lista de espécies e similaridade florística entre áreas da Bahia e Minas Gerais
Authors: Azevedo Cecília Oliveira de , Santos Milena do Carmo , Marinho Lucas C.
Published: August 2021

Aqui, apresentamos o levantamento das Orchidaceae de Vitória da Conquista, Brasil, e uma análise da similaridade florística entre dez áreas da Bahia e Minas Gerais. Foram encontradas no município 44 espécies de orquídeas, sendo duas novas ocorrências para o Nordeste brasileiro, Acianthera panduripetala e Specklinia hymenantha, além de uma nova ocorrência para o estado da Bahia, Pabstiella seriata. Foram conduzidas análises utilizando o algoritmo UPGMA, coeficiente de Jaccard e Dice, e análise de correspondência. A análise de agrupamento revelou baixos índices de similaridade, exceto para Serra Negra + Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. Dois grupos se formaram: um de áreas de Florestas Secas e outro grupo que inclui as áreas de Campos Rupestres e de Floresta Ombrófila dos dois estados. Os resultados sugerem que as áreas de mesma fitofisionomia estão mais relacionadas entre si do que com a vegetação do mesmo estado.
Seasonal variation in the prevalence of a fungal pathogen and unexpected clearance from infection in a susceptible frog species
Authors: Garnham JI , Bower DS , Stockwell MP , Pickett EJ , Pollard CJ , Clulow J , Mahony MJ
Published: August 2021

The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes the disease chytridiomycosis, which is a primary driver for amphibian population declines and extinctions worldwide. For highly susceptible species, such as the green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea, large numbers of Bd-related mortalities are thought to occur during the colder season (winter), when low temperatures favour the growth of the pathogen. However, extant L. aurea populations are persisting with Bd. We measured Bd prevalence and infection levels of wild L. aurea using capture-mark-recapture and radio-tracking methods. Using this information, we sought to determine host and environmental correlates of Bd prevalence and infection load. Mean ± SE infection load was higher in frogs sampled in autumn (431.5 ± 310.4 genomic equivalents; GE) and winter (1147.5 ± 735.8 GE), compared to spring (21.8 ± 19.3 GE) and summer (0.9 ± 0.8 GE). Furthermore, prevalence of Bd infection in L. aurea was highest in winter (43.6%; 95% CI 33.1-54.7%) and lowest in summer (11.2%; 95% CI 6.8-17.9%). Both prevalence and infection load decreased with increasing temperature. Seven frogs cleared their fungal infection during the coolest months when Bd prevalence was highest; however, these clearances were not permanent, as 5 frogs became infected again. Understanding the factors that allow amphibians to clear their Bd infections when temperatures are optimal for Bd growth presents the potential for manipulating such factors and provides an important step in future research.
Functional changes of the small intestine in over- and undernourished suckling rats support the development of obesity risk on a high-energy diet in later life
Authors: Mozeš š , Šefčíková z , Lenhardt Ľ
Published: August 2021

To investigate the relationship between early nutritional experience, ontogeny of the small intestinal functions and predisposition to obesity development, the following experimental models of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used: 1) rats in which the quantity of nutrition was manipulated from birth to weaning (day 30) by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 (SL), 10 (NL) and 16 pups (LL) and 2) littermates of SL, NL and LL rats fed either a standard or a hypercaloric diet from days 80 to 135 of age. The overfed SL pups were overweight after day 15 and became permanently obese, whereas the underfed smaller LL pups, due to accelerated growth and enhanced food intake from day 30 to day 35, attained a body fat level that did not differ from normally fed NL rats. Moreover, a significantly increased duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was found in SL and LL rats and these acquired somatic and intestinal characteristics persisted from weaning throughout life. Eight weeks of high-energy diet feeding elicited a similar pattern of intestinal response in SL and LL rats that was clearly different from NL rats. Despite energy over-consumption in these three groups, both SL and LL rats still displayed enhanced AP activity and showed a significant increase in protein/DNA ratio accompanied with a significant body fat accretion. These results indicate that the postnatally acquired small intestinal changes induced by over- and undernutrition could be involved in the similar predisposition to obesity risk in later life when caloric density of the diet is raised.
Regulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system in mechanically injured human skeletal muscle
Authors: Seiffert M , Gosenca D , Ponelies N , Ising N , Patel MB , Obertacke U , Majetschak M
Published: August 2021

Metabolic consequences of direct muscle trauma are insufficiently defined. Their effects on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) of protein degradation in human skeletal muscles are as yet unknown. Thus, we investigated whether the UPP is involved in the metabolic response evoked in directly traumatized human skeletal muscles. Biopsies were obtained from contused muscles after fractures and from normal muscles during elective implant removal (control). As estimated by western blot analyses, concentrations of free ubiquitin and ubiquitin protein conjugates were similar in extracts from injured and uninjured muscles. Ubiquitin protein ligation rates were reduced after injury (1.5+/-0.2 vs. 1.0+/-0.15 fkat/microg; p=0.04). Chymotryptic-, tryptic- and caspase-like proteasome peptidase activities (total activity minus activity in the presence of proteasome inhibitors) increased significantly after trauma (p=0.04 - 0.001). Significant increases in total chymotryptic- and caspase-like activities were attributable to proteasome activation. Our results extend the possible role of the UPP in muscle wasting to direct muscle trauma. They further suggest that the effects of direct mechanical trauma are not limited to the proteasome and imply that ubiquitin protein ligase systems are also involved. Based on the potential role of the UPP in systemic diseases, it might also be a therapeutic target to influence muscle loss in critically ill blunt trauma patients, in which large proportions of muscle are exposed to direct trauma.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DAN NILAI-NILAI TERHADAP PERINGATAN HAUL KI AGENG SINGOPRONO PADA BULAN SURA
Authors: Qoyyimah Atika Lisamawati Nur , Sabardila Atiqa
Published: August 2021

Nglebu Villagers’ perception produces an assessment on haul (day of death) as a commemoration once a year in the month of Suro. Value is something that is considered by an individual/group about good or bad for social life. Haul is an activity to commemorate the death of community figure or a figure in Islam proselytizing. This study aims to describe the Ki Ageng Singoprono haul procession, public perception on the Ki Ageng Singoprono haul culture, and the values contained in the Haul of Ki Ageng Singoprono commemoration. Miles & Huberman data analysis technique was used with four components: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Firstly, data collection was conducted by document analysis, observation, and interviews. Secondly, data reduction was done by recording data from observations. Thirdly, the presentation of data was done by the problem. Fourthly, conclusion was drawn after collecting data and analyzing the results of interviews. The results showed that 1) The Haul of Ki Ageng Singoprono procession contains 3 (three) series of events: people market, cultural carnival, and wayang kulit performance, 2) People think that the commemoration of haul is a form of respect to Ki Ageng Singoprono as Islam figure and considered as a guardian by people in Boyolai area, 3) The haul series contain religious values including instilling a spiritual soul by praying for Ki Ageng Singoprono and asking forgiveness for sins committed; social values including carrying out mutual cooperation activities to increase intimacy and brotherhood; cultural values including preserving the haul culture from one generation to the next; and economic value, namely participating in the haul of Ki Ageng Singoprono commemoration event where traders use it to sell any products in people's market or in carnival procession.
PERUBAHAN BUDAYA JAKARTA: LUNTURNYA NILAI-NILAI KESENIAN ONDEL-ONDEL BETAWI DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Muhtarom Herdin , Arsandi Ilham , Kurniasih Dora , Widia Nida , Sulaeman Sulaeman
Published: August 2021

The times, especially in globalization era, will have an impact, one of which is on cultural changes in Indonesia. Similarly, the change occurs in Jakarta's culture, particularly Jakarta Ondel-ondel art which has changed in the term of its values​​. This research is intended to find out related cultural changes occurring in Jakarta, especially in Ondel-ondel art, in which the values of the ondel-ondel art begins to fade gradually due to deviations in the use of ondel-ondel in globalization era as a means of earning living through busking. In this study, we used a qualitative research approach through the library research method. The results of study indicate that in globalization era era, Jakarta people do not understand the meaning contained in the art of Ondel-ondel Jakarta, therefore a strategy is needed to maintain and develop Jakarta's Ondel-ondel art in globalization era and to restore the values ​​contained in the art.
Queering generativity and futurity: LGBTQ2IA+ stories of resistance, resurgence, and resilience
Authors: Chazan May , Baldwin Melissa
Published: August 2021

A preoccupation with heteronormative metrics of success in aging leaves many studies of “LGBT aging” focused on the needs, failings, and vul­nerabilities of older LGBTQ2IA+ people (i.e. lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, two-spirit, intersex, asexual, and people of other nonnormative sexual and gender expressions). As a result, LGBTQ2IA+ olders are fre­quently depicted as isolated, re-closeted, or simply nonexistent. Heeding calls to intervene into such bleak and pathologizing portrayals of queer/ trans aging (e.g. Ramirez-Valles 2016; Sandberg & Marshall 2017), this article explores diverse subjectivities, nonnormative aging experiences, and their potential intergenerational implications. It draws on stories of queerness, gender, aging, futurity, and social change from 13 LGBTQ2IA+ people ranging in age from 23 to 74, recorded in an intergenerational research-generation workshop held in Nogojiwanong (Peterborough, Canada) in 2018. This article argues that queer and trans stories are crucial to confronting the erasure of LGBTQ2IA+ aging, aiming to extend ongoing efforts within aging studies to queer concepts of successful aging, aging futures, generativity, and intergenerationality. Ultimately, this article aims to complicate constricted understandings of queer/trans aging, instead of depicting LGBTQ2IA+ people aging with connection, pride, learning, and purpose, as well as with struggle and vulnerability.
A Combined Computational Fluid Dynamics and Arterial Spin Labeling MRI Modeling Strategy to Quantify Patient-Specific Cerebral Hemodynamics in Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease
Authors: Schollenberger Jonas , Osborne Nicholas H. , Hernandez-Garcia Luis , Figueroa C. Alberto
Published: August 2021

Cerebral hemodynamics in the presence of cerebrovascular occlusive disease (CVOD) are influenced by the anatomy of the intracranial arteries, the degree of stenosis, the patency of collateral pathways, and the condition of the cerebral microvasculature. Accurate characterization of cerebral hemodynamics is a challenging problem. In this work, we present a strategy to quantify cerebral hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with arterial spin labeling MRI (ASL). First, we calibrated patient-specific CFD outflow boundary conditions using ASL-derived flow splits in the Circle of Willis. Following, we validated the calibrated CFD model by evaluating the fractional blood supply from the main neck arteries to the vascular territories using Lagrangian particle tracking and comparing the results against vessel-selective ASL (VS-ASL). Finally, the feasibility and capability of our proposed method were demonstrated in two patients with CVOD and a healthy control subject. We showed that the calibrated CFD model accurately reproduced the fractional blood supply to the vascular territories, as obtained from VS-ASL. The two patients revealed significant differences in pressure drop over the stenosis, collateral flow, and resistance of the distal vasculature, despite similar degrees of clinical stenosis severity. Our results demonstrated the advantages of a patient-specific CFD analysis for assessing the hemodynamic impact of stenosis.
Nanocellulose-Based Scaffolds for Chondrogenic Differentiation and Expansion
Authors: Szustak Marcin , Gendaszewska-Darmach Edyta
Published: August 2021

Nanocellulose deserves special attention among the large group of biocompatible biomaterials. It exhibits good mechanical properties, which qualifies it for potential use as a scaffold imitating cartilage. However, the reconstruction of cartilage is a big challenge due to this tissue's limited regenerative capacity resulting from its lack of vascularization, innervations, and sparsely distributed chondrocytes. This feature restricts the infiltration of progenitor cells into damaged sites. Unfortunately, differentiated chondrocytes are challenging to obtain, and mesenchymal stem cells have become an alternative approach to promote chondrogenesis. Importantly, nanocellulose scaffolds induce the differentiation of stem cells into chondrocyte phenotypes. In this review, we present the recent progress of nanocellulose-based scaffolds promoting the development of cartilage tissue, especially within the emphasis on chondrogenic differentiation and expansion.
Altered Fecal Microbiota Composition in Older Adults With Frailty
Authors: Xu YuShuang , Wang YiHua , Li HeWei , Dai Yong , Chen Di , Wang MengMeng , Jiang Xin , Huang ZaoZao , Yu HongLu , Huang JuanJuan , Xiong ZhiFan
Published: August 2021

Objective

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that is diagnosed and staged based mainly on symptoms. We aimed to evaluate frailty-related alterations of the intestinal permeability and profile fecal microbiota of healthy and frail older adults to identify microbial biomarkers of this syndrome.

Methods

We collected serum and fecal samples from 94 community-dwelling older adults, along with anthropometric, medical, mental health, and lifestyle data. Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and HGMB1 and the intestinal permeability biomarker zonulin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing method was performed to determine the fecal composition of fecal microbiota. We analyzed the diversity and composition differences of the gut microbiota in the two groups and assessed the relationship between the changes in microbiota structure and clinical biomarkers.

Results

Older adults with frailty showed higher concentrations of IL-6, HGMB1, and zonulin. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the diversity index and evenness indices or species richness of fecal microbiota between the two groups, we found significant microbiota structure differences. Compared with the control group, fecal samples from the frail group had higher levels of Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, and Klebsiella and lower levels of the commensal genera Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Roseburia, Megamonas, and Blautia. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the intergenus interactions were more common in healthy controls than older adults with frailty. Escherichia/Shigella, Pyramidobacter, Alistipes, and Akkermansia were positively correlated with IL-6, while Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Roseburia were negatively correlated with IL-6. Alistipes were found to be positively correlated with HGMB1. Akkermansia and Alistipes were linked to the increased serum level of inflammatory factors and intestinal permeability.

Conclusions

Frailty is associated with differences in the composition of fecal microbiota. These findings might aid in the development of probiotics or microbial-based therapies for frailty.
Validation of the 2020 AHA/ACC Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death in Chinese Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dong Yan , Yang Wen , Chen Chongchong , Ji Jiamei , Zheng Wei , Zhang Fengxiang , Yang Bing , Li Xiaorong , Zhou Xiujuan
Published: August 2021

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a common cause of death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but identification of patients at a high risk of SCD is challenging. The study aimed to validate the three SCD risk stratifications recommended by the 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline, the 2014 ESC guideline, and the 2020 AHA/ACC guideline in Chinese HCM patients.

Methods: The study population consisted of a consecutive cohort of 511 patients with HCM without a history of SCD event. The endpoint was a composite of SCD or an equivalent event (appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy or successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest).

Results: During a follow-up of 4.7 ± 1.7 years, 15 patients (2.9%) reached the SCD endpoint and 12 (2.3%) were protected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention. A total of 13 (2.8%) patients experiencing SCD events were misclassified as low-risk patients by the 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline, 12 (2.3%) by the 2014 ESC model, and 7 (1.6%) by the 2020 AHA/ACC guideline. The SCD risk stratification in the 2020 AHA/ACC guideline showed greater area under the curve (0.71; 95% CI 0.56–0.87, p < 0.001) than the one in the 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline (0.52; 95% CI 0.37–0.67, p = 0.76) and 2014 ESC guideline (0.68; 95% CI 0.54–0.81, p = 0.02).

Conclusion: The SCD risk stratification recommended by the 2020 AHA/ACC guideline showed a better discrimination than previous stratifications in Chinese patients with HCM. A larger multicenter, independent, and prospective study with long-term follow-up would be warranted to validate our result.
Making Space for Social and Emotional Learning in Science Education
Authors: Ingram Erin , Reddick Kristie , Honaker Jessica M. , Pearson Gwen A.
Published: August 2021

Social-emotional learning (SEL) is known to improve student outcomes but is rarely combined with STEM. In this paper we present an action research study to examine the impact of a STEM + SEL curriculum intervention to address a real-world school conflict. One hundred sixth–eighth graders and four teachers participated in an in-person facilitation of a SEL Arthropod curriculum, DIFFERENT. After the intervention, students completed open-ended couplet statements about arthropod behavior, tarantulas, and humans designed to measure sentiment change. Answers were manually coded using inductive coding on a scale of negative (1) to positive (5). Statement sentiments significantly shifted from negative to neutral and negative to positive for all three questions. Neutral to positive shifts were only significant for the couplet statements about arthropod behavior. This study reports the first confirmed instance of successful use of arthropods for SEL within a curriculum that integrates students’ social-emotional skills within a science classroom.
Salt-Resistive Photothermal Materials and Microstructures for Interfacial Solar Desalination
Authors: Yu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Qian , Liu Xin , Xu Ning , Zhou Lin
Published: August 2021

Solar interfacial evaporation, featured by high energy transfer efficiency, low cost, and environmental compatibility, has been widely regarded as a promising technology for solar desalination. However, the interplay between energy transfer and water transport in the same channels suggests that the tradeoff between high efficiency and long-term stability inherently exists in conventional photothermal nanomaterials. We summarize state-of-the-art research on various anti-salt clogging photothermal microstructures as long-term stable interfacial solar evaporators for solar desalination. The review starts with an overview of the current status and the fundamental limit of photothermal materials for solar desalination. Four representative strategies are analyzed in detail with the most recent experimental demonstrations, including fluid convection enhancement, surface wettability engineering, energy-mass-path decoupling, and surface chemistry engineering. Finally, this article focuses on the challenges in anti-salt clogging solar interfacial evaporators and potential point-of-use applications in the future.
Recent Advances in Molecular-Imprinting-Based Solid-Phase Extraction of Antibiotics Residues Coupled With Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Sun Dani , Song Zhihua , Zhang Yue , Wang Yixiao , Lv Min , Liu Huitao , Wang Liyan , Lu Wenhui , Li Jinhua , Chen Lingxin
Published: August 2021

Abuse and residues of antibiotics cause great harm to organisms and the environment. Appropriate sample pretreatment is usually required for sensitive determination, because of the low content presence of a variety of antibiotics in complicated matrices. Molecular-imprinting-based solid-phase extraction (MISPE) has been widely used for sample pretreatment of antibiotics, using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as adsorbents. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances of MISPE of antibiotics, followed by chromatographic analysis. Various solid-phase extraction (SPE) modes based on MIPs are briefly introduced, such as conventional SPE, dispersive SPE, magnetic SPE, matrix solid-phase dispersion, and pipette-tip SPE. Then, several emerging preparation techniques for antibiotics MIPs are summarized including surface imprinting, nanoimprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, multitemplate imprinting, multifunctional monomer imprinting, and dummy template imprinting. Subsequently, applications of MISPE to analysis of a variety of antibiotics residues since 2018 are overviewed, including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracycline, and others. Finally, the preparation and application of antibiotics MIPs are prospected.
Sargramostim (rhu GM-CSF) as Cancer Therapy (Systematic Review) and An Immunomodulator. A Drug Before Its Time?
Authors: Lazarus Hillard M. , Ragsdale Carolyn E. , Gale Robert Peter , Lyman Gary H.
Published: August 2021

Background

Sargramostim [recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhu GM-CSF)] was approved by US FDA in 1991 to accelerate bone marrow recovery in diverse settings of bone marrow failure and is designated on the list of FDA Essential Medicines, Medical Countermeasures, and Critical Inputs. Other important biological activities including accelerating tissue repair and modulating host immunity to infection and cancer via the innate and adaptive immune systems are reported in pre-clinical models but incompletely studied in humans.

Objective

Assess safety and efficacy of sargramostim in cancer and other diverse experimental and clinical settings.

Methods and Results

We systematically reviewed PubMed, Cochrane and TRIP databases for clinical data on sargramostim in cancer. In a variety of settings, sargramostim after exposure to bone marrow-suppressing agents accelerated hematologic recovery resulting in fewer infections, less therapy-related toxicity and sometimes improved survival. As an immune modulator, sargramostim also enhanced anti-cancer responses in solid cancers when combined with conventional therapies, for example with immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies.

Conclusions

Sargramostim accelerates hematologic recovery in diverse clinical settings and enhances anti-cancer responses with a favorable safety profile. Uses other than in hematologic recovery are less-well studied; more data are needed on immune-enhancing benefits. We envision significantly expanded use of sargramostim in varied immune settings. Sargramostim has the potential to reverse the immune suppression associated with sepsis, trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19. Further, sargramostim therapy has been promising in the adjuvant setting with vaccines and for anti-microbial-resistant infections and treating autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and gastrointestinal, peripheral arterial and neuro-inflammatory diseases. It also may be useful as an adjuvant in anti-cancer immunotherapy.
Hallmarks of Cancers: Primary Antibody Deficiency Versus Other Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Abolhassani Hassan , Wang Yating , Hammarström Lennart , Pan-Hammarström Qiang
Published: August 2021

Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) comprise more than 450 inherited diseases, from which selected patients manifest a frequent and early incidence of malignancies, mainly lymphoma and leukemia. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common form of IEI with the highest proportion of malignant cases. In this review, we aimed to compare the oncologic hallmarks and the molecular defects underlying PAD with other IEI entities to dissect the impact of avoiding immune destruction, genome instability, and mutation, enabling replicative immortality, tumor-promoting inflammation, resisting cell death, sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, deregulating cellular energetics, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis in these groups of patients. Moreover, some of the most promising approaches that could be clinically tested in both PAD and IEI patients were discussed.
A Significant Genetic Admixture in Farmed Populations of the Noble Scallop Chlamys nobilis Revealed by Microsatellite DNA Analysis in Southern China
Authors: Ma Haitao , Yu Dongmei , Xiao Shu , Qin Yanping , Zhang Yang , Li Jun , Zhang Yuehuan , Yu Ziniu
Published: August 2021

The noble scallop, Chlamys nobilis, is an important bivalve mollusk with high commercial value and is usually farmed in the waters of southern China. To date, very little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of C. nobilis. In this study, 10 microsatellite loci of four farmed C. nobilis populations were compared with one another and compared wild population in southern China. A total of 83 alleles were found. Surprisingly, the level of genetic diversity of the farmed C. nobilis populations was higher than that of the wild population. Although the population genetic of wild population was completely in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, due to heterozygote deficiency, significant deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were found in all farmed populations, suggesting a genetic admixture caused by the mixing of seeds from various hatcheries. The Fst and AMOVA values showed significant genetic differences between wild and farmed populations. The Bayesian assignment also confirmed that genetic admixture was significant and widespread in artificial breeding of C. nobilis. Furthermore, the UPGMA tree topology and PCA demonstrated that the genetic diversity of wild population can be clearly distinguished from farmed populations. In a nutshell, the findings of this study not only fill the knowledge gaps in genetic diversity of wild and farmed C. nobilis populations, but also serve as a guide for maintaining the genetic diversity of C. nobilis in both farmed and wild populations.
Boundary Reflections of Rolling Waves in Cubic Anisotropic Material
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Pai
Published: August 2021

Rolling waves have unconventional circular polarizations enabled by the equal-speed propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves in elastic solids. They can transport non-paraxial intrinsic (i.e. spin) mechanical angular momentum in the media. In this work, we analyze the rolling wave reflections and their effects on the non-paraxial spins in a cubic elastic half-space with an elastically supported boundary. Reflected waves from both normal and general oblique incidences are investigated. We show that, by adjusting the stiffness of the elastic boundary, we can precisely control the spin properties of the reflected waves, paving the way towards a broad category of spin manipulation techniques for bulk elastic waves.