bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical aspects, violations and outcomes of Wilms tumor—a multicenter study in a resource-limited country
Authors: Elgendy Ahmed , Abouheba Mohamed , Ebeid Abdelmotaleb , Shehata Sherif M. K. , Shehata Sameh
Published: June 2020

Background

Wilms tumor is the commonest malignant renal neoplasm in children. Surgery plays a pivotal role in the management, and evidence-based guidelines for surgical resection have been established by the major international groups. Any deviation from the protocol is considered as a violation. The goal of this study was to evaluate outcomes of the patients with unilateral Wilms tumor treated at a developing country and to analyze surgical violations (SV) and their impact on the prognosis. A retrospective review was conducted for 37 patients who were presented to our hospitals and underwent nephrectomy for WT from January 2016 to December 2018. All participating centers adopt Children’s Oncology Group protocol. The SV were analyzed by logistic regression. Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

There were 12 (32.4%), 11 (29.7%), 10 (27%), and 4 (10.8%) stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Their median age at time of diagnosis was 3.1 years. Upfront nephrectomy was performed for 30 cases. Six patients had tumor relapse (2 lungs and 4 local recurrences) at a median follow-up of 15.7 months. Out of the relapsed patients, two had unfavorable histology, and regarding their staging, four were stage III, one was stage II, and one was stage IV. Thirty-month OS and EFS were 84.3% and 81.1%, respectively. Twenty-seven SV occurred within 25 patients. Lack or inadequate lymph node sampling represented 74.07% (20/27), intraoperative tumor rupture and spillage accounted for 18.52% (5/27), and unwarranted preoperative biopsy happened in 7.41% (2/27). The SV were not correlated with mortality (p value = 0.381); however, they had a significant impact on the relapse (p value = 0.001). On further analysis; tumor rupture and spillage was a predictor for recurrence reaching a statistical significance (p value = 0.003), whereas the other violations were not.

Conclusions

Favorable outcomes could be achieved by compliance with evidence-based guidelines even in a resource-limited country like ours. Violations were correlated with relapse; however, only tumor rupture and spillage was of statistical significance in multivariate analysis. Failure of lymph node documentation was the main problem encountered, and it should be avoidable in future practice.
Breast Cancer and Major Deviations of Genetic and Gender-related Structures and Function
Authors: Coelingh Bennink Herjan J T , Egberts Jan F M , Mol Jan A , Roes Kit C B , van Diest Paul J
Published: June 2020

We have searched the literature for information on the risk of breast cancer (BC) in relation to gender, breast development, and gonadal function in the following 8 populations: 1) females with the Turner syndrome (45, XO); 2) females and males with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and the Kallmann syndrome; 3) pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) in genotypic and phenotypic females and genotypic males (Swyer syndrome); 4) males with the Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY); 5) male-to-female transgender individuals; 6) female-to-male transgender individuals; 7) genotypic males, but phenotypic females with the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, and 8) females with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome (müllerian agenesis).

Based on this search, we have drawn 3 major conclusions. First, the presence of a Y chromosome protects against the development of BC, even when female-size breasts and female-level estrogens are present. Second, without menstrual cycles, BC hardly occurs with an incidence comparable to males. There is a strong correlation between the lifetime number of menstrual cycles and the risk of BC. In our populations the BC risk in genetic females not exposed to progesterone (P4) is very low and comparable to males. Third, BC has been reported only once in genetic females with MRKH syndrome who have normal breasts and ovulating ovaries with normal levels of estrogens and P4. We hypothesize that the oncogenic glycoprotein WNT family member 4 is the link between the genetic cause of MRKH and the absence of BC women with MRKH syndrome.
Prostate Cancer Incidence under Androgen Deprivation: Nationwide Cohort Study in Trans Women Receiving Hormone Treatment
Authors: de Nie Iris , de Blok Christel J M , van der Sluis Tim M , Barbé Ellis , Pigot Garry L S , Wiepjes Chantal M , Nota Nienke M , van Mello Norah M , Valkenburg Noelle E , Huirne Judith , Gooren Louis J G , van Moorselaar R Jeroen A , Dreijerink Koen M A , den Heijer Martin
Published: June 2020

Context

Trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity) mostly use antiandrogens combined with estrogens and can subsequently undergo vaginoplasty including orchiectomy. Because the prostate remains in situ after this procedure, trans women are still at risk for prostate cancer.

Objective

To assess the incidence of prostate cancer in trans women using hormone treatment.

Design

In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, data of participants were linked to the Dutch national pathology database and to Statistics Netherlands to obtain data on prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality.

Setting

Gender identity clinic.

Participants

Trans women who visited our clinic between 1972 and 2016 and received hormone treatment were included.

Main Outcome Measures

Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the number of observed prostate cancer cases in our cohort and the number of expected cases based on age-specific incidence numbers from the Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization.

Results

The study population consisted of 2281 trans women with a median follow-up time of 14 years (interquartile range 7-24), and a total follow-up time of 37 117 years. Six prostate cancer cases were identified after a median 17 years of hormone treatment. This resulted in a lower prostate cancer risk in trans women than in Dutch reference males (SIR 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.42).

Conclusions

Trans women receiving androgen deprivation therapy and estrogens have a substantially lower risk for prostate cancer than the general male population. Our results support the hypothesis that androgen deprivation has a preventive effect on the initiation and development of prostate cancer.
Human Endometrial Stromal Cell Differentiation is Stimulated by PPARβ/δ Activation: New Targets for Infertility?
Authors: Yu Jie , Berga Sarah L , Zou Wei , Rajakumar Augustine , Man Mingfei , Sidell Neil , Taylor Robert N
Published: June 2020

Context

Implantation is a reproductive bottleneck in women, regulated by fluctuations in ovarian steroid hormone concentrations. However, other nuclear receptor ligands are modifiers of endometrial differentiation leading to successful pregnancy. In the present study we analyzed the effects of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activation on established cellular biomarkers of human endometrial differentiation (decidualization).

Objective

The objective of this work is to test the effects of PPARβ/δ ligation on human endometrial cell differentiation.

Design

Isolated primary human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were treated with synthetic (GW0742) or natural (all trans-retinoic acid, RA) ligands of PPARβ/δ, and also with receptor antagonists (GSK0660, PT-S58, and ST247) in the absence or presence of decidualizing hormones (10 nM estradiol, 100 nM progesterone, and 0.5 mM dibutyryl cAMP [3′,5′-cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate]). In some cases interleukin (IL)-1β was used as an inflammatory stimulus. Time course and dose-response relationships were evaluated to determine effects on panels of well characterized in vitro biomarkers of decidualization.

Results

PPARβ/δ, along with estrogen receptor α (ERα) and PR-A and PR-B, were expressed in human endometrial tissue and isolated ESCs. GW0742 treatment enhanced hormone-mediated ESC decidualization in vitro as manifested by upregulation of prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, IL-11, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and also increased expression of ERα, PR-A and PR-B, and connexin 43 (Cx43). RA treatment also increased VEGF, ERα, PR-A, and PR-B and an active, nonphosphorylated isoform of Cx43. IL-1β and PPARβ/δ antagonists inhibited biomarkers of endometrial differentiation.

Conclusion

Ligands that activate PPARβ/δ augment the in vitro expression of biomarkers of ESC decidualization. By contrast, PPARβ/δ antagonists impaired decidualization markers. Drugs activating these receptors may have therapeutic benefits for embryonic implantation.
Phenotypic Profiling in Subjects Heterozygous for 1 of 2 Rare Variants in the Hypophosphatasia Gene (ALPL)
Authors: Tilden Daniel R , Sheehan Jonathan H , Newman John H , Meiler Jens , Capra John A , Ramirez Andrea , Simmons Jill , Dahir Kathryn
Published: June 2020

Context

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a syndrome marked by low serum alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) activity as well as musculoskeletal and/or dental disease. While the majority of subjects with HPP carry a pathogenic variant in the ALPL gene or its regulatory regions, individual pathogenic variants are often not tightly correlated with clinical symptomatology. We sought to better understand the genotype/phenotype correlation in HPP by examining the clinical and biochemical data of 37 subjects with 2 rare variants in ALPL.

Methods

Through BioVU, a DNA biobank that pairs individuals’ genetic information with their de-identified medical records, we identified subjects with 2 rare variants with distinct reported clinical phenotypes (p.D294A and p.T273M). We then performed a manual review of these subjects’ de-identified medical records along with computational modeling of protein structure to construct a genetic, biochemical and clinical phenotype for each subject and variant.

Results

Twenty subjects with the p.D294A variant and 17 with the p.T273M variant had sufficient data for analysis. Among subjects in our cohort with the p.D294A variant, 6 (30.0%) had both clinical bone disease and serum AlkP activity below 40 IU/L while 4 subjects (23.5%) with the p.T273M variant met the same criteria despite the distinct clinical phenotypes of these variants.

Conclusions

Given the loose genotype/phenotype correlation in HPP seen in our cohort, clinical context is crucial for the interpretation of genetic test results to guide clinical care in this population. Otherwise, over- or under-diagnosis may occur, resulting in misidentification of those who may benefit from additional screening and perhaps pharmacologic intervention.
Analytical expression of aperture efficiency affected by Seidel aberrations
Authors: Imada Hiroaki , Nagai Makoto
Published: June 2020

The effect of aberrations on the aperture efficiency has not been discussed analytically, though aberrations determine the performance of a wide field-of-view system. Expansion of a wavefront error and a feed pattern into a series of the Zernike polynomials enables us to calculate the aperture efficiency. We explicitly show the aperture efficiency affected by the Seidel aberrations and derive the conditions for reducing the effects of the spherical aberration and coma. In particular, the condition for coma can reduce a pointing error. We performed Physical Optics simulations and found that, if the Strehl ratio is higher than 0.8, the derived expression provides the aperture efficiencies with a precision of <2%.
Adaptive equalization of transmitter and receiver IQ skew by multi-layer linear and widely linear filters with deep unfolding
Authors: Arikawa Manabu , Hayashi Kazunori
Published: June 2020

We propose a multi-layer cascaded filter architecture consisting of differently sized strictly linear (SL) and widely linear (WL) filters to compensate for the relevant linear impairments in optical fiber communications including in-phase/quadrature (IQ) skew in both transmitter and receiver by using deep unfolding. To control the filter coefficients adaptively, we adopt a gradient calculation with back propagation from machine learning with neural networks to minimize the magnitude of deviation of the filter outputs of the last layer from the desired state in a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) manner. We derive a filter coefficient update algorithm for multi-layer SL and WL multi-input multi-output finite-impulse response filters. The results of a transmission experiment on 32-Gbaud polarization-division multiplexed 64-quadrature amplitude modulation over a 100-km single-mode fiber span showed that the proposed multi-layer SL and WL filters with SGD control could compensate for IQ skew in both transmitter and receiver under the accumulation of chromatic dispersion, polarization rotation, and frequency offset of a local oscillator laser source.
Accurate measurement method for refractive index in a high efficiency interaction-free measurement system
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Xiaofeng , Cui Lijuan , Zhou Shanmao , Zhang Junxiang
Published: June 2020

The state of the quantum system will inevitably be disturbed and changed in the testing process. Using interaction-free measurement (IFM), the information can be extracted without any interaction between objects and photons or particles. Here we present a novel approach that the refractive index can be measured accurately with “no-touch” measurement between testing materials and light beam. The design system is a non-traditional model of interaction-free measurement with an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (UMZI), which is combined with the chain quantum Zeno effect and the technique for spatial separation of light field. We select two beams with different intensity distribution in cross-section and different frequency as the transmission source, and the refractive index of samples can be obtained from the contrast degree of two beams under the condition of a few beam splitters existing. The scheme could prevent the damage to the radiation-sensitive optical materials, and provide a new idea for the research and application of precision measurement.
Tailoring local coordination structure of the Er3+ ions for tuning the up-conversion multicolor luminescence
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Zhen , Huang Bing Hui , Qian Xiaobo , Wang Jiang Ya , Liu Rongrong , Ma Fengkai , Su Liangbi
Published: June 2020

The regulation of the local structure around Er3+ ions is an important channel for adjusting the characteristic of up-conversion luminescence. In this paper, the cubic-phased Er3+:CaF2 crystals with different Er3+ doping concentrations were fabricated with temperature gradient technique (TGT) method and the effect of the local coordination structure of the Er3+ ions on its luminescence performance was investigated. The local coordination structure of Er3+ ions was simulated by density functional theory. The computational results show that clusters evolve from low order to high order with the increase of Er3+ ion doping concentration. In this evolution process, the local structure transforms from cubic structure to the co-existence of cubic and lower symmetric square anti-prism structures. Meanwhile, the distance between Er3+ ions in the cluster decreased first and then increased slightly, and in dimers and trimers this distance reached the minimum. Under 980 nm excitation, with the increase of Er3+ ion concentration, the intensity ratios of the red and green emissions of Er3+:CaF2 first increased from 0.61 to 42.03 and then decreased to 12.11. The corresponding up-conversion luminescence gamut was adjusted from monochrome green to red to red-yellow. This work provides a new thread for realizing upconversion multicolor luminescence by regulating the clusters of rare earth ions.
Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations in strongly correlated three-photon emissions from filtered resonance fluorescence
Authors: Peng Ze-an , Zhao Teng , Yang Guo-qing , Huang Guang-ming , Li Gao-xiang
Published: June 2020

Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations are studied in strongly
correlated three-photon emissions from the Mollow triplet via
frequency engineering. The nonclassicality and the non-Gaussianity of
the filtered field are discussed by correlating intensity signal and
correlated balanced homodyne signals. Due to the non-Gaussian
fluctuations in the Mollow triplet, new forms of the criterion of
nonclassicality for non-Gaussian radiation are proposed by introducing
intensity-dual quadrature correlation functions, which contain the
information about strongly correlated three-photon emissions of the
Mollow triplet. In addition, the time-dependent dynamics of
non-Gaussian fluctuations of the filtered field is studied, which
displays conspicuous asymmetry. Physically, the asymmetrical evolution
of non-Gaussian fluctuations can be attributed to the different
transition dynamics of the laser-dressed quantum emitter revealed by
the past quantum state and conditional quantum state. Compared with
the conventional three-photon intensity correlations that unilaterally
reflect the particle properties of radiation, the multifold
wave-particle correlation functions we proposed may convey more
information about wave-particle duality of radiation, such as the
quantum coherence of photon triplet and “which-path” in
cascaded photon emissions in atomic systems.
Measuring complex field waveforms of quadrature amplitude modulation optical signals using a spectrally slicing-and-synthesizing coherent optical spectrum analyzer
Authors: Igarashi Koji , Kawabata Yasuhiro , Urakawa Naoki
Published: June 2020

We propose a spectrally slicing-and-synthesizing coherent optical spectrum analyzer to measure complex field waveforms of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) optical signals with ultralong periods. The optical spectrum of a measured optical signal is divided into multiple narrowband spectral components, called slices. The slices are sequentially measured using low-speed coherent detection. After phase noise suppression and frequency fluctuation compensation on each slice, the measured slices are synthesized to recover the original signal spectrum. Our numerical and experimental results confirm that the proposed method can overcome the limitation of the measurement bandwidth because the signal spectrum can synthesize more than 100 slices. We experimentally demonstrate complex field measurements of 16QAM optical signals. Our method can measure high-speed optical complex field waveforms with no bandwidth limitation.
Effect of light scattering on upconversion photoluminescence quantum yield in microscale-to-nanoscale materials
Authors: Jones Callum M. S. , Panov Nikita , Skripka Artiom , Gibbons Joseph , Hesse Fabian , Bos Jan-Willem G. , Wang Xiangfu , Vetrone Fiorenzo , Chen Guanying , Hemmer Eva , Marques-Hueso Jose
Published: June 2020

Scattering affects excitation power density, penetration depth and upconversion emission self-absorption, resulting in particle size –dependent modifications of the external photoluminescence quantum yield (ePLQY) and net emission. Micron-size NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ encapsulated phosphors (∼4.2 µm) showed ePLQY enhancements of >402%, with particle-media refractive index disparity (Δn): 0.4969, and net emission increases of >70%. In sub-micron phosphor encapsulants (∼406 nm), self-absorption limited ePLQY and emission as particle concentration increases, while appearing negligible in nanoparticle dispersions (∼31.8 nm). These dependencies are important for standardising PLQY measurements and optimising UC devices, since the encapsulant can drastically enhance UC emission.
Standing wave polarization holography for realizing liquid crystal Pancharatnum-Berry phase lenses
Authors: He Ziqian , Yin Kun , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2020

A standing wave polarization holography setup is proposed to generate the desired polarization field for fabricating both on-axis and off-axis liquid crystal Pancharatnum-Berry phase lenses. Compared to other interference exposure setups, standing wave interferometry can double the polarization field amplitude because it does not require a beam splitter. Moreover, the optical axis angle of the lenses can be easily adjusted without realigning the optical setup. Based on the design, we first theoretically derive the polarization field distribution. In the experiment, we build the recording optical system and fabricate a series of on-axis and off-axis lenses. Further optical characterization proves the high diffraction efficiency of the fabricated lenses.
Inverse designed achromatic flat lens operating in the ultraviolet
Authors: Banerji Sourangsu , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate an inverse designed achromatic, flat, polarization-insensitive diffractive optic element, i.e., a multilevel diffractive lens (MDL), operating across a broadband range of UV light (250 nm – 400 nm) via numerical simulations. The simulated average on-axis focusing efficiency of the MDL is optimized to be as high as ∼86%. We also investigate the off-axis focusing characteristics at different incident angles of the incoming UV radiation such that the MDL has a full field of view of 30°. The simulated average off-axis focusing efficiency is ∼67%, which is the highest reported till date for any chromatic or achromatic UV metalens or diffractive lens to the best of our knowledge. The designed MDL is composed of silicon nitride. The work reported herein will be useful for the miniaturization and integration of lightweight and compact UV optical systems.
Prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria
Authors: Baali Mohamed , Lounis Mohamed , Al Amir Hanan Laidouci , Ayachi Ammar , Hakem Ahcen , Kassah-Laouar Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Aim: The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial profile of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens in Batna, East Algeria, from June 2016 to June 2018.

Materials and Methods: A total of 960 samples, including 480 cloacal swabs, 240 cecal contents, and 240 neck skin samples collected from 6 poultry farms and 12 slaughterhouses, were included in this study. After isolation and identification, susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by the disk diffusion method. The seasonality of Campylobacter infection at broiler farms was statistically analyzed.

Results: The data showed that 65%, 55%, and 70% of the cloacal swab, neck skin, and cecal content samples were contaminated with thermotolerant Campylobacter strains, respectively (p<0.05). Among the isolated campylobacteria, Campylobacter jejuni was the predominant species (73.5%). Sampling season exhibited a significant impact on the prevalence of Campylobacter (p<0.01), with peak occurrence in summer. All of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, while 83.3% of them were resistant to erythromycin. Interestingly, 16 different resistance profiles were noted, with the combination of "ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline" being the most common, identified in 20.7% of isolated strains.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of a high contamination rate of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter in farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria. These findings underscore the need to apply strict control measures to avoid any associated public health hazard among Algerian consumers. This initial finding of the contamination of poultry with this zoonotic pathogen in East Algeria suggests the value of periodic comprehensive evaluation of associated disease in poultry as well as in humans in this region.
In Memoriam: Steven Alec Weber
Authors: Emslie Steven D.
Published: June 2020

N/A
Apoio pedagógico nos anos iniciais a partir do modelo laboratório rotacional de ensino híbrido
Authors: Pinto Elisane Ortiz de Tunes , Brod Fernando Augusto Treptow
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido no Apoio Pedagógico com alunos dos anos iniciais de uma escola municipal, problematizando os procedimentos didáticos adotados junto aos alunos que necessitam de um atendimento individualizado. O estudo buscou refletir sobre estratégias pedagógicas que contemplem a personalização do ensino por meio de uma modalidade de aprendizagem a partir do modelo de laboratório rotacional do ensino híbrido. A pesquisa possui uma abordagem qualitativa, configurando-se em uma pesquisa-ação, pois tem como objetivo realizar uma intervenção coletiva na prática pedagógica assumida pela pesquisadora e demais sujeitos da investigação em busca de uma mudança de ação que possa contribuir para os avanços do ensino centrado no aluno. A análise dos dados coletados a partir de questionários com questões abertas junto aos sujeitos da investigação foi realizada utilizando-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, de Lefèvre e Lefèvre, que demonstrou o quão importante é a reflexão no espaço escolar e como se faz necessário dar voz e vez aos professores e professoras que, muitas vezes, percebem a necessidade da mudança, mas necessitam de momentos coletivos que apoiem a transformação da ação pedagógica. Os resultados apontam para a importância de uma proposta de ensino personalizado apoiado pelas tecnologias digitais, que valorize os estudantes a partir dos seus conhecimentos prévios, respeitando suas múltiplas inteligências.
conceito de formação na pesquisa (auto)biográfica: a complexidade como paradigma emergente e o método (auto)biográfico como síntese
Authors: Neves Júlia Guimarães , Amorim Filipi Vieira , Frison Lourdes Maria Bragagnolo
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo, propõe-se a reflexão sobre os fundamentos da pesquisa (auto)biográfica e as suas possíveis contribuições à formação humana. Como ponto de partida, reivindica-se a revisão do paradigma dominante em nome de outra compreensão de sujeito da educação. A discussão encaminha-se ao reconhecimento da complexidade, anteriormente negada, como elemento intrínseco à vida humana. Logo, a pesquisa (auto)biográfica não pode prescindir da noção de sujeito imerso na complexidade que acompanha a temporalidade e a historicidade do gênero humano. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um ensaio teórico que busca revigorar as perenes discussões conceituais, desde o campo dos fundamentos da educação, oferecendo movimentos e reflexões sobre a pesquisa (auto)biográfica imersa em questões epistemológicas do campo em tese. Com isto, amplia o horizonte compreensivo sobre a existencialidade do sujeito, ser de múltiplas lateralidades: físico, sensível, de emoções, ações, afetividades, atenção consciente, cognição e imaginação. E apresenta, por fim, o Método (auto)biográfico como síntese de um conceito de Formação.
Contribuições do PIBIC/CNPq para a constituição do habitus de pesquisador
Authors: Moura Daiana De Nez , Cecchetti Elcio , Bernardi Luci Teresinha Marchiori dos Santos
Published: June 2020

Esse trabalho versa sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), mantido e fomentado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), com o objetivo de analisar se o PIBIC/CNPq influenciou os bolsistas egressos da IES a permanecerem no campo científico e a internalizarem um habitus de pesquisador. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário eletrônico aos bolsistas ingressantes no PIBIC/CNPq no período de 2010 a 2015 e que finalizaram as atividades no Programa até 2017. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na Análise de Conteúdo, ancorada epistemologicamente no pensamento de Pierre Bourdieu. Os resultados apontaram que os beneficiados do PIBIC/CNPq adquiriram um montante de capital científico que favoreceu a entrada e permanência no campo científico. Assim, através das atividades científicas desenvolvidas durante a vigência da bolsa - participação e publicação em eventos, acompanhamento de um professor-orientador, auxílio na escolha profissional e estímulo para continuação dos estudos em nível de pós-graduação – tais estudantes constituíram um habitus de pesquisador.
Auguste Comte e o projeto educacional burguês
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula Aires , Silva Daniela Azarias Ferreira da , Gomes Marco Antônio de Oliveira , Machado Maria Cristina Gomes
Published: June 2020

O arcabouço teórico elaborado por Auguste Comte apresenta uma natureza fundamentalmente pedagógica, visto que pressupõe a “regeneração” da humanidade. Assim, este artigo tem como propósito apresentar uma análise acerca da compreensão comteana sobre a sociedade moderna, bem como dos postulados que fundamentaram o positivismo diante de um cenário marcado por profundas transformações e convulsões sociais. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, faz-se uma abordagem inicial contextualizando sua produção no cenário político, social e econômico da Europa da primeira metade do século XIX. Em seguida, são apresentadas as propostas conservadoras do autor, que buscava uma solução racional e científica para os problemas da sociedade. Foi abordado o projeto pedagógico de Comte, que atribui à mulher e à família um papel de destaque na nova ordem por ele preconizada e, por fim, o modelo de educação comteano. A metodologia adotada está alicerçada numa pesquisa histórica fundamentada no materialismo histórico e dialético, que compreende a sociedade a partir das condições reais da existência humana, partindo do concreto para o abstrato, ou seja, da realidade para o campo das ideias. A análise histórica nos leva a concluir que, a produção comteana, em seu conjunto, buscou apontar para a necessidade social de uma educação positiva sistemática, com o objetivo de formar o indivíduo como cidadão consciente de seu papel na sociedade e, dessa forma, alcançar o progresso, dentro dos limites da ordem social estabelecida.
Inclusão em uma universidade estadual do interior de São Paulo
Authors: Fachinetti Tamiris Aparecida , Carneiro Relma Urel Carbone
Published: June 2020

A inclusão faz parte da promoção e o exercício da cidadania, e consequentemente promove a garantia de direitos a todos para a plena participação social, de forma justa e igualitária. Tendo em vista os diversos mecanismos criados para garantir a igualdade de direitos e o papel primordial da educação para o movimento de inclusão, esse estudo teve como objetivo compreender por meio da visão de alunos com deficiência a inclusão em uma universidade pública do interior do estado de São Paulo. O estudo teve cinco alunos participantes. Para alcançar os objetivos foi utilizada para a coleta de dados uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados sugerem que a instituição não possui uma cultura efetiva de inclusão, algumas barreiras foram evidenciadas, como a falta de identificação nos documentos institucionais do tipo real de deficiência do aluno; ações de suporte que a instituição demora a oferecer ou oferece por meios diferentes do que foi solicitado pelos alunos, e a acessibilidade arquitetônica do campus que não é suficiente para que todos os alunos tenham autonomia. No entanto, verifica-se que a Faculdade de Ciências e Letras tem avançado no processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência, porque existem algumas ações por parte da instituição que caminham para uma universidade inclusiva. É possível constatar avanços e limites no processo de inclusão da instituição.
Sobre a intolerância e as formas de pensar: uma reflexão a partir de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Trezzi Clóvis
Published: June 2020

Este artigo debate a questão da intolerância e suas consequências no mundo. Parte da ideia de que a intolerância é um problema que coexiste com a humanidade e faz parte da sua história, e analisa-a do ponto de vista das opções humanas, buscando reflexos na educação. Tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão sobre a intolerância na sociedade do século XXI que, com o fortalecimento de governos autoritários, vem ganhando força, e buscar caminhos de superação do problema. O caráter bibliográfico do artigo permite uma análise hermenêutica maior da intolerância como traço ideológico. Trabalha-se aqui a partir de autores, especialmente Ricoeur (1990) e Adorno (1995) que analisam os elementos que conduzem da ideologia para a polarização de opinião, sendo esta um motor da intolerância. Se o mundo contemporâneo está tão polarizado e despolitizado, a política e o espírito crítico parecem ser o caminho. Conclui-se que, para além da aquisição do espírito crítico, a possibilidade de superação está na capacidade humana de discernimento, uma vez que o próprio espírito crítico, quando não bem compreendido, pode estar a serviço de uma ideologia e servir para reforçar a intolerância. Cabe à escola, em grande parte, a responsabilidade pelo desenvolvimento da criticidade necessária à superação da intolerância.
O estudo da construção da imagem contemporânea no processo experimental entre teoria e prática
Authors: Rosa Márcia Eliane , Teixeira Bruno Henrique Batista , Galdino Renata Jéssica
Published: June 2020

Trata-se do relato de experiência de um projeto desenvolvido com alunos da disciplina Linguagens Poéticas: A “imagem” contemporânea do curso de mestrado interdisciplinar. A proposta foi elaborada com o objetivo de contribuir para o entendimento dos modos de articulação e construção da imagem na contemporaneidade e refletir sobre a teoria, os processos e práticas contemporâneas que levam em conta hibridismos técnicos e estruturas relacionais. O projeto teve o objetivo de fazer uma intervenção artística no espaço de apoio social e cultural dedicado às crianças carentes de uma região da cidade de São Carlos, interior de São Paulo. A atividade foi desenvolvida ao longo das 135 horas/aula que compõem o semestre letivo da disciplina e envolveu, além da docente, um corpo de cinco mestrandos do programa de pós-graduação, bem como o apoio da coordenadoria pedagógica, funcionários e atendidos pelo projeto social. Compreendendo a metodologia de pesquisa e estudo no campo das artes, o trabalho registrou e relatou o processo da produção de cartazes lambe-lambe desde a pesquisa bibliográfica até a intervenção artística em muros. No procedimento de estudo e prática notou-se a necessidade de dominar o processo de imanência e transcendência quando os fenômenos se confundem com nossa própria vivência. Com o resultado do projeto foi possível compreender as relações do dizível e não dizível, visível e não visível da imagem, além de estabelecer consistentes permutas entre a teoria e a prática.
Projeto Vale Sonhar como instrumento de educação sexual nas escolas públicas de São Paulo
Authors: Antoniassi Patrícia Vieira , Miranda Meiri Aparecida Gurgel de Campos
Published: June 2020

O Projeto Vale Sonhar foi inserido no Currículo do Estado de São Paulo em 2008 e teve suas atividades incluídas no material didático de Biologia de primeiro ano do ensino médio. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição deste material para a prática de Educação Sexual Emancipatória na Educação Básica, a partir da realização das oficinas do kit educativo, com uma turma de 1º ano do Ensino Médio, durante as aulas de Biologia. Em seguida, pretende-se apontar limites e propor alterações como forma de superar as dificuldades encontradas e ampliar o potencial formativo desta ação didática. O Projeto Vale Sonhar constituía um importante espaço curricular destinado à temática, no entanto, apresenta limitações como o longo tempo necessário para sua execução, que impacta na diminuição do aspecto lúdico e inviabilidade em um contexto de currículos extensos e poucas aulas semanais de Biologia. Percebemos a importância da inserção das dimensões psicológicas e socioculturais nas oficinas, questionamos a ausência de menção às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) e apontamos para alguns problemas nas atividades propostas. Neste sentido, sugerimos algumas alterações nas oficinas, buscando trabalhar, além da prevenção da gravidez, temas que não eram abordados neste material, como elaboração do projeto de vida, a prevenção de IST, diversidade e violência sexual. Esperamos, assim, oferecer recursos para que os docentes de Biologia incluam em suas aulas o Projeto Vale Sonhar, trabalhando a Educação Sexual com seus alunos de forma integral, contemplando também aspectos psicológicos e socioculturais e a reflexão sobre o projeto de vida.
Caracterização hidráulica das camadas de um pavimento permeável
Authors: Coutinho Artur Paiva , Melo Tássia dos Anjos Tenório de , De Alcântara Lucas Ravellys Pyrrho , Rabelo Ana Emília Carvalho de Gusmão da Cunha , Dos Santos Neto Severino Martins , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas
Published: June 2020

Os pavimentos permeáveis (PPs) são alternativas que reduzem os volumes dos hidrogramas de escoamento superficial gerados, além de favorecer a recarga dos aquíferos. Foi instalado um sítio experimental na cidade do Recife para estudo da técnica de PP com blocos vazados para amortecimento de alagamentos. O objetivo foi realizar a caracterização hidrodinâmica e avaliar a infiltração do revestimento e do subleito de um pavimento permeável a partir da metodologia Beerkan. Com isso foi possível simular o comportamento hidráulico do PP quando solicitado a um fluxo de escoamento superficial. Assim, conclui-se que o revestimento apresentou uma capacidade de infiltração maior que o subleito e a metodologia utilizada permitiu um entendimento isolado das propriedades de cada componente e uma compreensão conjunta do funcionamento hidráulico do dispositivo.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Pondok Pesantren: Studi Kasus Pesantren Joglo Alit
Authors: Abu Suhud Moh. , Islami Islah
Published: June 2020

This article explores community empowerment based on Islamic boarding schools. This research used a qualitative method by case study approach. Data was collected by in-dept interview and direct observation. This study begins with the argument that Pesantren are not only known as education of Islamic religion, but also are role models in the sustainable of economic. This is as conducted by Pesantren Joglo Alit, Karangdukuh Village, Klaten, which is able to develop of the pilot of Ummah economic empowerment. Pesantren Joglo Alit able to developing group namely sentra peternakan rakyat. This activity were influenced by a social capital of Kiai in the society. The social capital not only influence but also needs of other prompting that can to giving of stimulan on the awareness of society. The pattern of awareness acts as a reinforcement of the community’s identity so that they do not give up if they fail in raising livestock. In this aspect, it is necessary to contribute new ideas that can be transformed so as to increase people’s confidence. Strong confidence can be in line with innovative ideas so as to create superior products. This product is a competitive value for sale in the midst of intense business competition. For this reason, the prospect of community animal husbandry centers can develop as a driving force for the community’s economy.Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan observasi secara langsung. Kajian ini diawali dengan argumentasi bahwa pesantren tidak hanya dikenal sebagai lembaga pendidikan agama unsich, akan tetapi juga merupakan role model dalam kemandirian ekonomi. Hal ini sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh Pesantren Joglo Alit, Desa Karangdukuh, Klaten, yang mampu berkembang menjadi sentra pemberdayaan ekonomi umat. Pesantren Joglo Alit mampu mengembangkan sentra peternakan rakyat. Pengembangan ini dibantu oleh posisi sentral pengelola pesantren yang memiliki modal sosial di masyarakat. Namun peran modal sosial saja tidak cukup, tetapi juga butuh pengaruh lain yang dapat memberikan stimulan dalam penyadaran masyarakat. Pola penyadaran berperan sebagai penguat jati diri masyarakat agar tidak putus asa jika mereka gagal dalam beternak. Pada aspek ini perlu sumbangan ide baru yang dapat ditransformasikan sehingga mampu meningkatkan kepercayaan diri masyarakat. Rasa percaya diri yang kuat dapat sejalan dengan ide inovatif sehingga dapat menciptakan produk unggulan. Produk ini sebagai nilai yang kompetitif untuk dijual di tengah persaingan bisnis yang ketat. Untuk itu, prospek sentra peternakan rakyat dapat berkembang sebagai motor penggerak ekonomi masyarakat.
Identidad, voz y agencia: Claves para una enseñanza inclusiva de la escritura en la universidad
Authors: Ávila Reyes Natalia , Navarro Federico , Tapia-Ladino Mónica
Published: June 2020

Entre los procesos de ampliación de matrícula en Educación Superior en Latinoamérica destaca la implementación de políticas de inclusión que benefician a estudiantes tradicionalmente excluidos. Sin embargo, la escritura académica sigue constituyendo un desafío para sus trayectorias. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer un marco conceptual sobre inclusión y escritura, basado en evidencias, que supere el relato del déficit y valide las perspectivas estudiantiles. Con un diseño cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas y encuestas a los participantes de un programa nacional de admisión equitativa en tres universidades chilenas, las que se analizaron por medio de códigos temáticos y protocolos de confiabilidad cualitativa. Los resultados muestran baja valoración por parte de los estudiantes de sus variadas y frecuentes prácticas vernáculas de lectura y escritura y tensión entre su identidad y desempeño lingüístico en diferentes espacios de uso dentro y fuera del ámbito académico. Además, las prácticas letradas autogestionadas, el compromiso con la tarea de escritura y la posibilidad de plantear una perspectiva propia en los escritos aparecen como factores de persistencia. A partir de estos datos, se proponen recomendaciones para operacionalizar la inclusión universitaria en el currículum de escritura basadas en los conceptos de identidad, voz y agencia de los estudiantes.
Where do Latinas and Latinos earn social science doctorates?
Authors: Fernandez Frank
Published: June 2020

It is a national imperative to increase the percentage of Latinas and Latinos who earn doctorate degrees in the social sciences and who enter into faculty positions. For the purposes of this study, I focus on whether Latinas and Latinos earned their doctorates at the nation’s most research-intensive universities because those schools are uniquely equipped to prepare doctoral students for careers in academia. I find that more than 40% of Latinas and Latinos who earned social science doctorates did so at universities with lower research profiles. I also test whether there are relationships between Latinas’ and Latino’s undergraduate institutions (e.g., community colleges and Hispanic Serving Institutions) and doctoral universities (classified by research-intensity). I did not find a relationship between attending community college and the type of university where a Latina or Latino social scientist earned the PhD. However, I found that Latinas and Latinos who earned baccalaureate degrees from Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) had higher relative risk of earning doctorates from less research-intensive universities. This institutional pathway may be beneficial for increasing the number of Latinas and Latinos who earn social science doctorate degrees; however, it may be problematic for preparing future faculty members. I discuss implications for supporting the Latina-Latino pathway to the PhD.
Modos de ideologia e de colonialidade em materiais didáticos de Contabilidade
Authors: Mendes David , Fonseca Ana Carolina Pimentel Duarte , Sauerbronn Fernanda Filgueiras
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é identificar aspectos da ideologia neoliberal nos capítulos que tratam dos princípios contábeis, no livro Contabilidade Introdutória da FEA USP e no CPC00 (R2) - Estrutura Conceitual para Relatório Financeiro. Para atingir o objetivo, analisamos os modos linguísticos típicos através dos quais a ideologia opera, com base em Thompson (2011). Trata-se de uma pesquisa crítica e interpretativa que se propõe a discutir a educação contábil no Brasil sob a perspectiva decolonial. Nos textos analisados foram identificados os modos de ideologia que legitimam, naturalizam e universalizam uma sociedade capitalista neoliberal e contribuem para uma imagem da contabilidade voltada unicamente para o mercado financeiro, por meio de uma a abordagem monológica e normativa nos materiais didáticos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo aponta para a necessidade de uma política educacional contábil, para além dos cálculos e técnicas tradicionais, que reconheça o papel da contabilidade como linguagem, uma vez que esta possui gramática e estrutura próprias que asseguram as condições de reprodução de textos em contextos sócio-políticos distintos.
Penerapan Berbagi Pengetahuan Staf Perpustakaan Lingkup Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) Wilayah DKI Jakarta
Authors: Yunianti Anisa Dwi , Laksmi Laksmi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penerapan berbagi pengetahuan di Perpustakaan di lingkup Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) wilayah DKI Jakarta. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi makna pada proses berbagi pengetahuan yang dilakukan oleh staf perpustakaan dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen, selama Februari hingga April 2019. Penentuan informan menggunakan snowball sampling, dan diperoleh 10 informan dari enam perpustakaan di lingkup KKP wilayah DKI Jakarta. Data dianalisis dengan membuat pengelompokan berdasarkan kategori berdasarkan konsep berbagi pengetahuan, yang kemudian diinterpretasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan berbagi pengetahuan telah diterapkan oleh masing-masing staf perpustakaan sejak lama namun tidak terstruktur. Penerapannya dilakukan melalui sarana formal seperti Sinau SLiMS, Bimbingan Literasi, Rapat, dan Forum, dan sarana informal melalui diskusi, media sosial seperti whatsapp dan email. WAG dimanfaatkan secara lebih maksimal. Faktor yang mendorong staf dalam berbagi dipicu oleh right sizing organisasi yang mengubah struktur organisasi. Hilangnya fungsi pepustakaan mempengaruhi anggaran, jabatan, dan berkurangnya jumlah sumberdaya manusia di dua perpustakaan; berkurangnya kegiatan berbagi pengetahuan antar staf perpustakaan; minimnya imbalan yang berdampak pada turunnya motivasi staf dalam berbagi pengetahuan. Simpulan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan berbagi pengetahuan oleh staf Perpustakaan berjalan kurang efektif. Hal tersebut terlihat dari tidak adanya kebijakan danprogram khusus, sehingga berdampak pada hilangnya rasa keterikatan atau tanggung jawab untuk melakukan kegiatan berbagi pengetahuan. Sarannya adalah organisasi perlu menciptakan kebijakan atau program khusus yang memungkinkan staf membangun keterikatan/rasa tanggung jawab dalam berbagi pengetahuan; menciptakan database atau sistem informasi yang berorientasi pada pemustaka yang mampu menangkap pengetahuan tacit dalam kognisi staf dan mampu mengakomodasi diskusi online; serta menambah jumlah staf perpustakaan.