bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effect of Curing and Thermal Equilibrium Time on Rutting Potential of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Ghaffari Jajin Morteza , Esmaeili Niloofar , Hamedi Gholam Hossein
Published: January 2021

Rutting is a common damage of flexible pavements, reducing the service life of asphalt pavement. Due to laboratory limitations, asphalt mixtures are subjected to different curing times (since construction until placement in the test chamber) and thermal equilibrium times (since placement in the test chamber until the beginning of the test) before rutting tests. Neglecting these factors can lead to errors in the laboratory results. Therefore, the present study attempted to investigate the effect of curing times of 1, 2, and 3 days at 25ºC and thermal equilibrium times of 2, 4, and 6 hours on the rutting potential of different hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Results of rutting tests showed that the rutting potential of asphalt mixtures decreases by increasing the curing time, while the permanent deformation at the end of loading cycles and rutting potential increase by increasing the thermal equilibrium time. Additionally, the results of statistical analyses revealed that curing time and thermal equilibrium time change the rutting potential of asphalt mixtures.
Sáttmáli tilbeiðsla og samfélag
Authors: Jónsson Gunnlaugur A.
Published: January 2021

Grein þessi er samin í tilefni af því að nú í ár eru liðin 25 ár frá því að dr. Þórir Kr. Þórðarson (1924–1995) prófessor lést. Þórir sat lengur á kennslustóli gamlatestamentisfræða en nokkur annar hefur gert hér á landi, eða í 40 ár. Yfirskrift greinarinnar „Sáttmáli, tilbeiðsla og sam-félag“ er ætlað að lýsa helstu áhersluatriðum í guðfræði Þóris. Hann lagði mikla áherslu á mikilvægi fræðigreinarinnar guðfræði Gamla testamentisins og nauðsyn þess að leitast við að heimfæra hina fornu texta til samtíðar okkar. Í því sambandi er bent á að í samtíð hans var ríkjandi viðhorf á Norðurlöndum að umrædd fræðigrein ætti tæpast rétt á sér og fremur bæri að leggja stund á trúfræði hins forna Ísraels.
Í greininni er spurt um afstöðu Þóris til leitarinnar að þungamiðju Gamla testamentisins. Því er svarað að bæði í ræðu og riti hafi sáttmálshugtakið og heimfærsla þess verið yfir, undir og allt um kring. Jafnframt hafi Þórir ætíð lagt áherslu á fjölbreytileikann í hinum fornu hebresku ritningum. Þá var kannað hverjir væru helstu áhrifavaldar í lífi Þóris sem fræðimanns. Því er svarað að hér heima hafi það einkum verið æskulýðsleiðtogarnir sr. Magnús Runólfsson og sr. Friðrik Friðriksson. Erlendis hafi áhrifin verið sterkari frá Banda-ríkjunum en Norðurlöndum en á báðum þessum stöðum stundaði hann framhaldsnám. Þórir tjáði sig raunar oft um hve þátttaka hans í helgihaldi bæði í Danmörku og Svíþjóð hefðu skipt miklu máli fyrir fræðilegan áhuga hans á hinni hebresku guðsþjónustu og sálmum Gamla testamentisins.
Albright-skólinn svonefndi er sérstaklega nefndur í greininni í tengslum við áhrifin sem Þórir varð fyrir í Bandaríkjunum og einnig er rætt um leiðbeinanda hans í doktorsnáminu í Chicago, dr. J. Coert Rylaarsdam, en áhrif hans hafa oftast verið vanmetin í fyrri skrifum um guðfræði Þóris. Námsárin í Chicago höfðu tvímælalaust áhrif á þá áherslu Þóris að tengja hin fornu fræði við spurningar og aðstæður í nútímasamfélagi. Þátttaka hans í borgarstjórn Reykjavíkur og uppbygging Félagsmálastofnunar Reykjavíkur voru áþreifanleg merki þess.
Bangladeshi immigrants’ self-organization and associationism in Venice (Italy)
Authors: Mantovan Claudia
Published: January 2021

In Italy, most of the studies on immigrants’ associationism and participation have concentrated on the more formal andstructured aspects. Little research has been done on forms of immigrant self-organization not oriented towards the society in the country of adoption. Drawing on these considerations, this article analyzes the self-organization of Bangladeshi residents in the municipality of Venice considering both their infra-political and their politico-organizational mobilization, seeking relationships between these two spheres of action, identifying transnational bonds, and dynamics linked to the social and political context of their home country. At the same time, the study considers the influence of other factors, such as the social, political and economic context found in the country of immigration (at both national and local level), and also the personal variables that can influence people’s participation, such as gender, generation, social class, amount of time spent in the adopted country, legal status, formal education, human capital, attitudes and personal projects in general.
Making a “Bangladeshi diaspora”: Migration, group formation and emplacement between Portugal and Bangladesh
Authors: Mapril José
Published: January 2021

In 1996, Appadurai argued that imagination is an essential element in the creation of cross-border political forms.Electronic media, for example, establishes links across national boundaries, linking those who move and those who stay.In his argument, these diasporic public spheres were examples of post-national political worlds and revealed the erosion of the nation-state in the face of globalisation and modernity. In this paper, I draw inspiration on this concept of diasporicpublic sphere but to show how these imaginaries are intimately tied to forms of group making and emplacement in several contexts. This argument is based on an ethnographic research about the creation of a transnational federation ofBangladeshi associations – the All European Bangladeshi Association (AEBA) – in the past decade, its main objectivesand activities. Through the analysis of an AEBA event that took place in Lisbon, I want to show the productive dialecticbetween diasporic imaginaries, group formation and emplacement processes between Portugal and Bangladesh.
Yakindoğu Arkeolojisinde Kudurrular ve İşlevleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Yücel Çağatay , Parlıtı Umut
Published: January 2021

Kudurru, Güney Mezopotamya’da MÖ 16-12. yüzyıllar arasında krallar tarafından vasallara bağışlanan arazi sınırlarının belirlendiği yazılı ve betimleme taşıyan taşlara verilen addır. Ancak son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar bu taşların arazileri tanımladıklarını gösterse de işlevsel olarak arazilerde kullanılmadıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Koyu kireç taşından, 40 ile 90 cm arasında ölçülere sahip söz konusu sınır taşlarının birer kopyaları tapınaklarda saklanmaktaydı. Üç boyutlu bu taşlar yazılı ve resimli olmakla birlikte silindirik formu üst noktada sivrilmekte, kaideye doğru genişlemektedir. Kudurruların Türkçe bilimsel kaynaklarda çok az yer edinmesi, bizleri bu sınır taşlarını derinlemesine bir çalışmaya itmiştir. Bu makalede kudurruların Babil yönetiminde hangi hanedanlık döneminde ortaya çıktığı, ortaya çıkmasındaki ekonomik politikaların neler olduğu, amacının tam olarak ne olduğu, yayılım alanın nereler olduğu aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Kudurrular üzerine işlenen hayvanlar ve nesneler aracılığıyla, Eski Mezopotamya panteonu irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca kudurruların neden sürdürülemeyerek ortadan kaldırıldığı gibi sorulara da yanıt aranmıştır.
EFFECT OF A STEM-ORIENTED COURSE ON STUDENTS’ MARINE SCIENCE MOTIVATION, INTEREST, AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Tsai Liang-Ting , Chang Cheng-Chieh , Cheng Hao-Ti
Published: January 2021

In recent years, marine science education has received increasing attention around the world, but the integration of STEM education into the marine curriculum is rarely applied to lower-secondary schools. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of a teaching module on the topic of marine science, developed using a STEM approach, on the motivation, interest, and marine science achievements. The 9th-grade students from two classes in a Taiwanese public school were recruited in this study. Students in the experimental group were taught using the STEM course. Students in the control group were taught in a traditional didactic teaching course. Pre- and post-tests were used to determine marine science achievement, interest, and learning motivation. The experimental group gained significantly superior scores in three out of four dimensions towards motivation and two out of three dimensions interest. A significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group, with the former showing increased marine science achievement over the latter in higher-order thinking; however, no significant differences were with respect to cognition. It is concluded that involving STEM-based implementations in teaching, the subject “Marine Science” increases the success rate and attitude towards the subject of students.
Keywords: learning interest, learning motivation, marine science achievement, STEM
IMPACT OF INSTRUCTION ON SCIENCE PERFORMANCE: LEARNING INITIATIVE AS A MEDIATOR AND GENDER AS A LIMITED MODERATOR
Authors: Jiang Tao , Chen Ji-gen , Wu Yin-yin
Published: January 2021

This research explores whether classroom life (CL), textbooks (TE), and learning initiative (LI) are mediators between instruction (P) and science performance, as well as whether these mechanisms are moderated by gender. 484 eighth grade students completed the questionnaire with four subscales of P, LI, TE, and CL. For the needs of triangulation and complementarity, three focus group interviews were conducted later. Based on mediation analysis and multi-group structural equation modeling, it was found that 1) the direct effects of P on LI, P on CL, P on TE, and LI on science performance are significant, while the other direct effects are insignificant; 2) comparing to the male group, the direct effect of P on LI in the female group is larger; 3) characteristics hindering students’ science learning include: the pace of a lesson is too fast, pictures and experiments are less in the textbook, and top students and low proficiency students are uncooperative. Findings expose that instruction significantly influence students’ science performance, and this impact is completely mediated by students’ learning initiatives. The relation between instruction and learning initiative is stronger in the female group. Textbooks can be useless in the context that instruction does not match students' learning ability.
Keywords: eighth-grade students, gender difference, mediation analysis, science performance
L'Association des Karaïmes à Paris: de l'entraide amicale (1923-1939) à la lutte contre « la menace monstrueuse suspendue sur nos têtes » (1939-1945)
Authors: Guyot Blandine
Published: January 2021

At the beginning of the 1920s an active émigré community of 324 Karaims (275 Karaims from Crimea and 49 Karaims from Constantinople) had established itself in France. In 1923 they formed an organisation called the Karaims’ Association in Paris (Association des Karaïmes à Paris), headed by Salomon Krym and Boris Saratch. From its initial foundation until 1938, its goal was to promote mutual assistance, foster community ties and support the Karaim religion. However, in 1938, in response to increasing racial persecution and antisemitism in Europe, the Association assumed a new outlook and devoted greater time and effort to trying to help and protect Karaims in distress, mainly those based in Germany and Czechoslovakia.
Listy Sergiusza Rudkowskiego do Profesora Tadeusza Kowalskiego
Authors: Németh Michał
Published: January 2021

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono korespondencję między Sergiuszem Rudkowskim (1873–1944), karaimskim literatem i działaczem społecznym, a Profesorem Tadeuszem Kowalskim (1889–1948), założycielem współczesnej orientalistki w Polsce. Listy powstały w okresie międzywojennym (między 1926 a 1939 rokiem) i dotyczą przede wszystkim spraw językowych i badań naukowych. Niestety zachowały się wyłącznie listy przesłane przez Rudkowskiego, a przechowywane są one w Archiwum Nauki PAN i PAU w Krakowie. Odpowiedzi Kowalskiego nie przetrwały drugiej wojny światowej. Kolekcja składa się z sześciu listów: dwa z nich napisane zostały po karaimsku (w dialekcie łucko-halickim), cztery listy sporządzono w języku polskim. Do jednego z polskojęzycznych listów Rudkowski dołączył tekst swego przemówienia w języku karaimskim z prośbą by Kowalski przetłumaczył go na język polski. Niniejsza praca zawiera więc edycję krytyczną łącznie ośmiu tekstów: sześciu listów, jednego załącznika oraz tłumaczenia owego załącznika. W artykule zawarto również analizę językową teksów karaimskich, co jest tu szczególnie istotne z uwagi na fakt, że w chwili obecnej dysponujemy stosunkowo małą liczbą źródeł, które mogą stanowić podstawę do badań nad dialektem łucko-halickim języka zachodniokaraimskiego jako języka potocznego, a mowa tu przecież u języku już wymarłym. Większość znanych nam źródeł to utwory religijne lub literackie, które do takich badań z oczywistych względów się nie nadają. Z uwagi więc na tę okoliczność fragmenty karaimskie otrzymały obszerny komentarz językoznawczy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zjawisk potocznych i słowiańskich wpływów strukturalnych. Do artykułu załączono facsimilia listów.
Manejo nutricional e farmacológico da obesidade pediátrica: um tratamento multiprofissional
Authors: Gusmão Anaís Bezerra de , Rocha Sara de Sousa , Ferreira Bruno Wesley Ramalho Cirilo , Santos Aline Kely Felício de Sousa , Macedo Cibério Landim
Published: January 2021

A obesidade pediátrica, quando não tratada, tende a gerar diversas complicações que podem se estender até a vida adulta. Seu manejo adequado possibilita bons resultados, proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida aos pacientes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as principais terapias nutricionais e farmacológicas utilizadas nessa condição. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, baseando-se na busca de artigos científicos indexados no PubMed, ScienceDirect e Scielo, utilizando como descritores: obesidade pediátrica, tratamento, sibutramina, orlistate, liraglutida e aleitamento materno, bem como suas traduções para o inglês. Hábitos alimentares saudáveis, associados à prática de exercícios físicos, são consideradas estratégias eficazes de tratamento, até mesmo para casos de obesidade grave, sendo o acompanhamento nutricional bem estruturado indispensável para o sucesso terapêutico. Já os medicamentos antiobesidade são recursos utilizados quando apenas as mudanças no estilo de vida não são suficientes para atingir resultados satisfatórios. De acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, as possibilidades farmacoterapêuticas mais recomendadas são sibutramina, orlistate e liraglutida. Todavia, esses agentes, apesar de desencadearem efeitos benéficos, podem gerar eventos adversos, sendo necessário realizar o acompanhamento constante dos pacientes. Assim, é de extrema importância que o prescritor faça uma avaliação rigorosa dos riscos e benefícios proporcionados pela farmacoterapia antiobesidade disponível, além de atividades benéficas desenvolvidas por parte da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde pelas melhorias nos hábitos da criança, visando a manutenção dos resultados a longo prazo.
Saberes populares, Etnomatemática e o uso de Jogos no ensino de Geometria
Authors: Xavier Antônio Roberto , Barbosa Maria Karine Rocha , Muniz Karla Renata de Aguiar , Andrade Francisco Ari de , Santana José Rogério , Vasconcelos Jose Gerardo , Scipião Lara Ronise de Negreiros Pinto , Carvalho Elaine de Farias Giffoni de , Ferreira Arnaldo Dias , Santos Maria José Costa dos
Published: January 2021

Percebe-se que os discentes das escolas públicas brasileiras apresentam dificuldades em relação aos conteúdos de matemática em geral, mas este estudo, trata-se, especificamente dos conteúdos de geometria, com foco nos saberes populares e os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem das ciências, especialmente da matemática, como fonte de atenção diferenciada nas práticas pedagógicas escolares. Tem-se como escopo principal a apreensão dos conteúdos de matemática, com foco na geometria por meio de metodologias emergentes que se apoiam no uso de jogos, e se fundamentam em saberes populares, abalizados na Etnomatemática. Objetiva-se analisar os saberes populares da Etnomatemática como uma alternativa metodológica para compreensão de problemas existentes no cotidiano escolar, sobretudo no ensino fundamental, a partir da realidade do discente. A pesquisa foi do tipo exploratório-descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa e de método prevalecente de pesquisa-ação com análise empírica. O lócus deste estudo foi uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental na cidade Redenção, no estado do Ceará. Os sujeitos sociais são os alunos do 8.º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A proposta metodológica se deu por meio do uso de recursos educacionais (jogos) voltados para o ensino de Geometria. Os resultados apontaram que o uso de jogos trouxe significado para os discentes, sujeitos da pesquisa, e, portanto, considera-se que a proposta aliada ao jogo foi eficaz para um ensino mais significativo de geometria.
Quais as estratégias de ventilação pulmonar na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo causada pela COVID-19? Um estudo de revisão
Authors: Oliveira Maria Itamara da Silva , Brandão Celso Brendo Furtado , Costa Karina Vieira da , Silva Joyce Polàine dos Santos , Fernandes Vanessa Michelle de Souza , Brito Geraldo Eduardo Guedes de , Elihimas Júnior Ubiracé Fernando , França Eduardo Eriko Tenório de
Published: January 2021

No final de 2019, emergiu um grupo de casos de pneumonia associados a um novo coronavírus de RNA envelopado, espalhando-se rapidamente pelos continentes e sendo rotulado como pandemia global por COVID-19. Uma proporção considerável da população doente não necessitará de hospitalização, entretanto, alguns pacientes podem desenvolver a forma grave da doença e apresentar complicações como a síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA), requerendo ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). Pacientes com SDRA por COVID-19 podem apresentar algumas características específicas em comparação com as formas típicas da síndrome, desenvolvendo fenótipos distintos que ainda tem sido estudados. As pesquisas têm, então, se concentrado em esclarecer estratégias ventilatórias protetoras do pulmão (EPP) para estes pacientes. Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo investigar a experiência mundial atual em relação à EPP como manejo da SDRA associada à COVID-19 e destacar considerações para as práticas de VMI durante a pandemia. Após um processo de rastreamento de estudos nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS, foram selecionados 20 estudos a serem analisados. Na maior parte dos estudos o manejo ventilatório dos pacientes se assemelhou ao da SDRA “clássica” e, portanto, a EPP destacou-se como importante aliada na regressão da SDRA nos pacientes COVID-19. No entanto, deve ser levado em consideração a heterogeneidade fenotípica dos pacientes, principalmente quanto à mecânica pulmonar e capacidade de recrutamento. Este estudo possibilitou aprofundamento cientifico sobre as semelhanças e diferenças da SDRA por COVID-19 e por outras causas, além de permitir a formação de orientações quanto aos ajustes ventilatórios iniciais em pacientes com SDRA/COVID-19.
Análise da evolução de esporotricose empregando modelo de regressão em casos de felinos de Timbaúba/PE – Brasil
Authors: Silva José Eduardo , Cirino Marcondes Domingos de Araújo , Farias Elaine Fonseca de , Fonseca Larissa Ferreira da , Shinohara Gisele Mine , Shinohara Neide Kazue Sakugawa , Cunha Filho Moacyr
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: analisar a evolução de casos confirmados de esporotricose no município de Timbaúba – PE com o uso de Modelos de Regressão e Previsão. Método: foram utilizados dados mensais de casos confirmados de esporotricose por meio de testes clínicos e laboratorial, fornecidos por uma Unidade de Saúde Animal, do período de janeiro a dezembro de 2020. Com os dados foram realizados testes estatísticos com os Modelos de Regressão: linear simples, cúbico e quadrático. Além de testes de previsão com o Modelo de Média Simples. Resultados: as análises o Modelo de Regressão Cúbico demonstrou o melhor ajuste para o conjunto de dados de casos confirmados de esporotricose no município. Conclusão: com a análise foi possível perceber a oscilação em torno de 3 casos confirmados, sem tendência de mudança, cuja previsão para o mês de janeiro de 2021 reside na evidência de ocorrência de 2,66 casos à 95% de confiança.
The implication of bilingualism in EFL classroom: An investigation of teaching and learning in English department
Authors: Chairuddin Chairuddin , Aditya Maulana Yusuf
Published: January 2021

Bilingualism is used as a cover term for multilingualism, too – speaking more than two languages. Some researchers use the term plurilingualism for speaking more than two languages. few bilinguals are as proficient in any second language as they are in their first language. This research aims to determine the implication of bilingualism in EFL classroom. Descriptive qualitative is used as a research approach and its application uses phenomenology methods. The findings showed that the implication of bilingualism to students’ speaking. The implication is about interact and apply the lecturer’ utterance. It can be said this implication related to the students’ understanding of the word meaning in speaking. Second implication from the observation data is about students’ comprehension in a certain word, such as compounding. The lecturer used bilingualism to explain the meaning of the word. By using Bahasa, the students were easier to understand the lecturer statement. In this case, the students knew what the lecturer’ uttered and finally they could know the meaning of the word. Keywords: bilingualism; implication; EFL classroom; teaching and learning
Effectiveness Differences of Green Betel Leaves (Piper Betle Linn) and Red Betel Leaves (Piper Crocatum Ruis & Pav) Extract in Second Degree Burns Treatment in Increasing Granulation Tissue Thickness on Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Strain Wistar
Authors: Nuryahya Mohammad Fendi
Published: January 2021

Burn usually happened at home and the most common are second degree burns. Betel leaves is a natural subtances that have active ingredients such as saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and atsiri essential oil. Betel leaves is used to accelerate wound healing process. This study aims to find out effectiveness differences of green betel leaves (piper betle linn) and red betel leaves exstract (piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) on granulation tissue thickness in second degree burns treatmen on male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) strain wistar. This study method used is true experiment post-test only control design. The samples were 18 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) strain wistar. Sampling method used simple random sampling which devided in two intervention group measuring granulation tissue thickness on 14th day under microscop OLYMPUS XC10 (40x). Data were analyzed using independent t-test. The results is statistically significant difference in granulation tissue thickness between two treatment groups (p=0,000). The mean for granulation tissue thickness in green betel leaves extract intervention group was 210,01 µm (131,03 µm – 267,25 µm) and 323,12 µm (267,58 µm – 381,70 µm) in red betel leaves extract. It can be concluded that there are a defference between green betel leaves (piper betle linn) and red betel leaves (piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) extract efectiveness in increasing of granulation tissue thickness in second degree burns. From this research there are opportunities in the use of red betel leaves extract on burns treatment, but advanced research should be done before applied to humans.

Keywords : Green betel leaves; red betel leaves; granulation tissue thickness; second degree burns.
Marine mammal conservation: over the horizon
Authors: Nelms SE , Alfaro-Shigueto J , Arnould JPY , Avila IC , Bengtson Nash S , Campbell E , Carter MID , Collins T , Currey RJC , Domit C , Franco-Trecu V , Fuentes MMPB , Gilman E , Harcourt RG , Hines EM , Hoelzel AR , Hooker SK , Johnston DW , Kelkar N , Kiszka JJ , Laidre KL , Mangel JC , Marsh H , Maxwell SM , Onoufriou AB , Palacios DM , Pierce GJ , Ponnampalam LS , Porter LJ , Russell DJF , Stockin KA , Sutaria D , Wambiji N , Weir CR , Wilson B , Godley BJ
Published: January 2021

Marine mammals can play important ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems, and their presence can be key to community structure and function. Consequently, marine mammals are often considered indicators of ecosystem health and flagship species. Yet, historical population declines caused by exploitation, and additional current threats, such as climate change, fisheries bycatch, pollution and maritime development, continue to impact many marine mammal species, and at least 25% are classified as threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) on the IUCN Red List. Conversely, some species have experienced population increases/recoveries in recent decades, reflecting management interventions, and are heralded as conservation successes. To continue these successes and reverse the downward trajectories of at-risk species, it is necessary to evaluate the threats faced by marine mammals and the conservation mechanisms available to address them. Additionally, there is a need to identify evidence-based priorities of both research and conservation needs across a range of settings and taxa. To that effect we: (1) outline the key threats to marine mammals and their impacts, identify the associated knowledge gaps and recommend actions needed; (2) discuss the merits and downfalls of established and emerging conservation mechanisms; (3) outline the application of research and monitoring techniques; and (4) highlight particular taxa/populations that are in urgent need of focus.
High growth resilience of subarctic rhodoliths (Lithothamnion glaciale) to ocean warming and chronic low irradiance
Authors: Bélanger D , Gagnon P
Published: January 2021

We paired a 361 d laboratory mesocosm experiment and a 383 d field experiment with rhodoliths (Lithothamnion glaciale) collected in Newfoundland (Canada) to test the overall hypothesis that growth in subarctic rhodoliths is chiefly controlled by irradiance. Rhodoliths in the laboratory were exposed to 1 of 5 seawater temperatures (ambient, 2, 4, 7, and 10°C) and 1 of 3 irradiances (low [0.02], intermediate [0.11], and high [0.27 mol photons m-2 d-1]). Rhodoliths in the field were held in cages at 3 depths (8, 15, and 25 m). Laboratory results demonstrated that growth is unaffected by temperatures between ~1 and 16°C. Field results suggested that growth ceases at temperatures near or below 0.5°C and showed that the annual growth profile of L. glaciale comprises 3 distinct phases, namely 2 of positive growth separated by 1 of arrested growth, and that the switch from one phase to the next coincides with seasonal shifts in sea temperature and light regimes. Rhodoliths at 25 m appeared to utilize light nearly twice as efficiently as rhodoliths at 15 m, which enabled similar growth at both depths despite the ~60% lower irradiance at 25 m. We conclude that growth is chiefly controlled by irradiance and that temperature effects may override, but not interact with, those of irradiance during the coldest months of the year. Subarctic L. glaciale rhodoliths are resilient to changes in sea temperature over a relatively broad thermal range, with sustained growth even at temperatures above those normally observed during most of the year in Newfoundland coastal waters and northwards.
Role of Oxidative Stress and Adenosine Nucleotides in the Liver of Aging Rats
Authors: Mármol F , Sánchez J , López D , Martínez N , Xaus C , Peralta C , Roselló-Catafau J , Mitjavila MT , Puig-Parellada P
Published: January 2021

We studied the response of several parameters related to
oxidative stress in the liver of aging rats. Male Wistar rats aged
1.5, 3, 18 and 24 months were used. Livers showed an increase
in superoxide anion (O2-) concentration at 1.5 and 18 months of
age compared to the 3-month-old group; a decrease in
superoxide dismutase (SOD) was seen at 1.5 months and
catalase concentrations remained unaltered throughout the aging
process. Nitric oxide (NO) progressively declined with age; a
significant decrease was particularly apparent at 18 and 24
months of age. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)
decreased significantly at 1.5 months, whereas it increased at 18
and 24 months of age. Concentrations of prostaglandin E2
(PGE2), and adenine nucleotides, and their metabolites, remained
unchanged throughout the aging process. Although the
mitochondrial damage caused by oxidative stress can result in
reduced ATP production and compromised cell function, our
results on adenosine nucleotides and their metabolites support
the notion that the integrity of mitochondria and enzymatic
activity remain mostly unchanged with aging. In conclusion, we
observed a significant decrease in the levels of NO in the older
groups of rats and hence in its antioxidant activity. This could
explain the observed increase in lipid peroxides which suggests
an important role for NO in oxidative stress in the liver of older
rats.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Treatment Increases the Skeletal
Muscle Glucose Transporter 4 Protein Expression in Mice
Authors: Suwa M , Yamamoto K-I , Nakano H , Sasaki H , Radak Z , Kumagai S
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether
peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) treatment
induced metabolic adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle. BDNF
(20 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously for successive
14 days. BDNF treatment significantly reduced the total food
intake and inhibited the weight gain in comparison to the control
group. The glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression in
the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly increased by BDNF
treatment in comparison to the control and pair-fed groups.
Neither the oxidative nor the glycolytic enzyme activities in the
gastrocnemius muscle changed after the BDNF treatment. These
results suggest that the peripheral BDNF treatment promotes the
skeletal muscle GLUT4 protein expression as well as hypophagia.
The Significance of Baroreflex Sensitivity in Hypertensive Subjects with Stroke
Authors: Čelovská D , Staško J , Gonsorčík J , Diab A
Published: January 2021

The relationship between baroreflex sensitivity expressed in
ms/mm Hg (BRS) or in Hz/mm Hg (BRSf) in hypertensives with
stroke in comparison with a group of stroke-free patients was
evaluated. Twenty-six patients (aged 66±10 years, 11 females/
15 males) with a history of the first ever ischemic stroke
(6 months and more after stroke onset), which was
neuroradiologically confirmed, were studied. These were
compared to 30 hypertensive patients without history of any
cardiovascular event, being of similar age and sex. BRS and BRSf
were determined by the sequence and spectral methods (fiveminute non-invasive beat-to-beat recording of blood pressure
and inter-beat interval, controlled breathing at a frequency of
0.1 Hz). A significant negative correlation between spontaneous
BRS and blood pressure (BP) represented by the grade of
hypertension was present (r = -0.52, p<0.001). Differences
between hypertensives with and without stroke were detected in
BRS obtained by the spectral method (BRS spect p=0.0237, BRSf
spect p=0.0285) or BRS obtained by sequence method (BRS seq
p=0.0532, BRSf seq p=0.0273). The greatest decline in BRS
values was in hypertensive stroke patients with metabolic
syndrome, who had BRS values below 3 ms/mm Hg. We found
out that BRS and BRSf were more impaired in stroke patients
with essential hypertension even 6 months and more after stroke
onset than in stroke-free hypertensive patients. This finding was
independent of age-dependent decrease of BRS. Examination of
baroreflex sensitivity as a marker of autonomic dysfunction along
with global cardiovascular risk stratification of individuals seems
to be a method for identifying patients at high residual
cardiovascular risk.
Neonatal Intramuscular Injection of Plasmid DNA Encoding GLP-1
Reduces Serum Insulin Level and Modifies Skeletal Muscle Myosin
Heavy Chain Composition in Adult Rats
Authors: Wang L , Guo F , Wei S , Zhao R
Published: January 2021

To test the hypothesis that neonatal GLP-1 exposure may
program myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition in adult
skeletal muscle, two-day-old rats were transfected
intramuscularly with vacant vector plasmid (VP), or recombinant
plasmid expressing secretory GLP-1 at the doses of 60 μg (LG)
and 120 μg (HG), respectively. Expression of GLP-1 mRNA was
detected in muscles of both LG and HG rats 7 days after
transfection, with more abundant GLP-1 transcript seen in LG
rats. In accordance with the GLP-1 expression, LG rats
demonstrated more significant responses to neonatal GLP-1
exposure. Small yet significant growth retardation was observed
in LG rats, which is accompanied with significantly reduced serum
insulin concentration at 8 weeks of age compared to VP rats. The
responses of skeletal muscle were dependent on muscle type.
Significant increase of PGC-1α and GLUT4 mRNA expression was
detected in soleus of LG rats, whereas a MyHC type switch from
ⅡB to Ⅰ was seen in gastrocnemius. These results indicate that
neonatal exposure of healthy pups to ectopic GLP-1 causes
growth retardation with decreased serum insulin as well as
muscle type-dependent modifications in MyHC type composition
and metabolic gene expression in adult rats.
Changes of Corneal Optical Properties after UVB Irradiation
Investigated Spectrophotometrically
Authors: Čejka Č , Pláteník J , Širc J , Ardan T , Michálek J , Brůnová B , Čejková J
Published: January 2021

Ozone depletion leads to an increase in UV rays of solar radiation
reaching the surface of the Earth which is harmful to biological
systems. Of the eye, the cornea is directly open to increased
amount of UV rays of which mainly UVB rays are capable to
induce reactive oxygen species damaging the cells. Previous
studies showed that the irradiation of the cornea with UVB rays
leads to morphological as well as metabolic disturbances of the
cornea. Also, corneal hydration and corneal light absorption are
increased after UVB rays. These changes were observed after
five days of repeated irradiation of the cornea with UVB rays. The
aim of the present paper was to examine how early the changes
of corneal hydration and light absorption occur after UVB
irradiation. The rabbit corneas were irradiated with UVB rays for
one, two, three or four days. Corneal light absorption was
examined spectrophotometrically and corneal hydration
measured by pachymeter (as corneal thickness). Results show
that changes of corneal hydration and light absorption appear
early after UVB irradiation and increase along with the number of
irradiations. In conclusion, irradiation of the rabbit cornea with
UVB rays leads to harmful changes of its optical properties.
Perkembangan Wisata Alam Bantimurung Dalam Prespektif Sejarah dan Budaya
Authors: Arnita Vitasari  , Jumadi  , Patahuddin  , Syamsu Rijal
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the background of Bantimurung including the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, the development of Bantimurung as a tourist attraction and the impact of the presence of the Bantimurung Nature Tourism Area in 2000-2018. This research is a historical research with a historical methodology that has stages namely, heuristics (data collection), criticism (verification), interpretation (interpretation) and historiography (history writing). The results of this study indicate that the background of Bantimurung enters the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, because Bantimurung is a natural area with beautiful scenery that must be protected. Development of the Bantimurung Nature Tourism Area continues to experience development and continue to explore what is in this area including the objects in it. Various efforts have been made by the Department of Tourism both in developing infrastructure and detailed administrative arrangements. The presence of this tourist attraction is as a forum for the community around Maros Regency to support the economy, a place for students to research and become a place of recreation for all people.
Efektivitas Penerapan E-commerce Melalui Website Dalam Meningkatkan Tingkat Hunian Kamar di Ayodya Resort Bali
Authors: Ni Komang Thessy Aprelia Arijesni  , Putu Diah Sastri Pitanatri
Published: January 2021

Pada era revolusi industri 4.0 kemajuan teknologi informasi dan internet memicu perkembangan pada kegiatan penjualan melalui media internet (E-commerce ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan E-commerce dalam meningkatkan tingkat hunian kamar di Ayodya Resort Bali, khususnya melalui website hotel dan untuk mengetahui persepsi tamu mengenai E-commerce website Ayodya Resort Bali. Pada tahun 2018, penjualan kamar melalui E-commerce website hanya mencapai target pada bulan Mei saja. Tidak tercapainya target penjualan kamar mempengaruhi tingkat hunian kamar pada periode tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik pengumpulan data studi dokumentasi, kuesioner dan wawancara dengan menggunakan metode sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus slovin sebanyak 88 responden. Selanjutnya, untuk tahapan analisis dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif, dikaji berdasarkan (1) perbandingan antara target dan realisasi penjualan kamar melalui E-commerce website (2) persepsi tamu terhadap kualitas E-commerce website Ayodya Resort Bali. Hasil dari penelitian yang pertama menyatakan perbandingan target dan realisasi penjualan kamar melalui E-commerce website pada tahun 2016-2018 sebesar 82,1% yang artinya efektif dalam meningkatkan tingkat hunian kamar di Ayodya Resort Bali. Hasil penelitian persepsi tamu mengenai Ecommerce website mendapatkan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 4,22 yang artinya sangat setuju dengan performance Ecommerce website Ayodya Resort Bali.
Hak Anak Dalam Prinsip Bisnis DI Industri Hotel (Studi Kasus Hotel di Kota Bandung dan Subang)
Authors: Mustika Permatasari  , Dony Riyadi  , Mega Aldora
Published: January 2021

Kota Bandung dan Subang merupakan tempat wisata yang menawarkan berbagai hiburan terutama bagi wisatawan keluarga dalam menghabiskan waktu liburannya. Dalam mendukung kenyamanan dan pelayanan agar wisatawan selama menghabiskan waktunya, maka perlu fasilitas pendukung mulai dari hotel dan restoran yang tidak hanya menawarkan pelayanan untuk tamu dewasa namun juga untuk tamu anak-anak. Kehadiran tamu anak-anak masih sering dianggap minoritas oleh pelaku usaha hotel. Hal ini terlihat dari beberapa hotel yang belum mempertimbangkan tentang menu anak dan fasilitas baik berupa produk maupun pelayanan yang memberikan rasa kenyamanan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan sampel hotel yang di Bandung dan Subang dimana tamunya adalah keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat seberapa penting menu dan fasilitas anak yang dimiliki oleh pengusaha hotel di Kota Bandung dan Subang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspektasi tamu hotel terkait pelayanan dan fasilitas hotel memiliki nilai interval > 4.21 yang berarti sangat penting. Penilaian dengan nilai tertinggi condong kepada atribut kolam renang dan taman air, kegiatan dan ruang bermain anak serta menu anak lengkap.
PEMODELAN INCIDENT RATE DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI INDONESIA YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION (GWR)
Authors: Amelia Kiki , Asril Latifa Oktafiani , Febrianti Lasmi
Published: January 2021

Dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Indonesia often occur in cities and villages. Every year hundreds to thousands of people must be hospitalized due to this disease. There are several factors of the physical environment that directly or indirectly influence the transmission of this disease. Such as rainfall, air temperature, and humidity. In addition to the physical environment there are several other factors that can increase the occurrence of dengue cases, namely population density and the level of larvae free in an area. For this reason, we conducted a study of the above factors and their contribution in the addition of dengue cases that occurred in Indonesia in 2015 using secondary data. The purpose of this study is to identify and make a BDB iricident rate model related to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, population density, and the amount of rainfall on the number of cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia in 2015. The method used is the Geographically Weighted Regression method. (GWR). In the GWR model the parameter estimation uses Weighted Least Square (WLS) by weighting the gaussian kernel function. The results of the study concluded that modeling with GWR was better than linear regression and the variables were significantly different in each region.
INDENTIFIKASI FAMILI ZINGIBERACEAE DI KAWASAN HUTAN GUNUNG BUA KERINCI
Authors: Santosa Tomi Apra , Yulianti Sisi
Published: January 2021

Zingiberaceae is a family of ginger plants found in the forest area of Mount Bua Kerinci. However, many species of the family have not been properly identified. This research aims to find out the type of family Zingiberaceae in the forest of Mount Bua Hill. This type of research is qualitative research with exploratory survey methods. The data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. The results showed that the family species zingiberaceae found are 5 clans and 9 Species namely Curcuma domestica (Turmeric), Zingiber aromaticum (Lempuyang), Etlingera elatior (Kecombrang), Curcuma Heyneana (Temu Giring), Curcuma aeruginosa (Black Meeting), Curcuma zedoria (White Meet), Zingiber cassumunar (Bangle), Amomun maximum (Cardamom), Kaemperia galanga (Kencur).
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN ANAK DI RUANG THERESIA RUMAH SAKIT ST. ELISABETH SEMARANG DENGAN METODE ATC/DDD
Authors: Rukminingsih Fef , Apriliyani Apriliyani
Published: January 2021

The high incidence of infectious diseases causes the use of antibiotics to increase. Inappropriate use of antibiotics will lead to resistance. Infectious diseases are included in the top 10 diseases in pediatric patients at St. Elisabeth Hospital.Semarang. This study aims to evaluate the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients in the Theresia ward of St. Elisabeth Hospital Semarang. This research is a descriptive observational study using retrospective data. Data were taken from medical records of pediatric patients in the Theresia ward at St. Elisabeth Hospital Semarang, aged 6 months - 14 years, the use of antibiotic therapy during the period October - December 2019. The data obtained were analyzed by calculating the quantity of antibiotic use using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) and Defined Daily Dose (DDD)) / 100 patient-days methods. Based on the results of tracing medical record data, it was found that the number of pediatric patients in the Theresia room at St. Elisabeth Semarang for the period October - December 2019 is 385. The number of patients who received a single antibiotic was 162. The total value of DDD / 100 patient-days in the Theresia ward of St. Elisabeth Hospital Semarang for the period October - December 2019 is 18.17 with a total length of stay of 1117 days. The antibiotic with the highest DDD / 100 patient-days was ceftriaxone, namely 15.10. While the antibiotics that enter the DU 90% segment are ceftriaxone and cefotaxime.
UJI KANDUNGAN TIMBAL (Pb) PADA GORENGAN YANG DIJUAL DI PINGGIR JALAN SEPANJANG PANTAI GANDORIAH PARIAMAN SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM
Authors: Yulia Mega , Syahrianti Dani , Yulis Rahma
Published: January 2021

Lead is one of the heavy metal elements found in the air pollution which is produced together with motor vehicle fumes. Lead can cause various disorders in human body such as anemia, neurological damage, deformities and body functions, dental caries, impaired kidney function, effects on the heart and infertility. Lead can enter the human body through inhaled air, through the skin and ingested with food. The purpose of this study was to determine the lead content in fried foods (fried sala, fried crab, fried shrimp and fried fish) sale around of Gandoriah Beach, Pariaman. This research was conducted at Baristand Laboratory (Research and Standarirdization Industry Center) Padang from February until March 2020. This study was conducted on 4 samples taken randomly from the total population. The instrument used was atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results of 4 samples showed that the lead content in fried sala was 0.1618 mg/kg, with a maximum SNI limit is 0.3 mg/kg, fried crab was 0.4025 mg/kg with a maximum SNI limit is 0,5 mg/kg, fried shrimp was 0.4377 mg/kg with a maximum SNI limit is 0.5 mg/kg, fried fish was 0.2331 mg/kg with an SNI maximum limit is 0.3 mg/kg. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded all samples contain lead but the level is still below of maximum limit of SNI 7387-2009.
Reconstruction of Legal Protection for Aesthetic Clinic Patients
Authors: Sari Siska Diana
Published: January 2021

The protection of aesthetic beauty clinic patients is important because of the increasing number and development of beauty clinic businesses, and the emergence of many problems and cases related to its implementation, as a result of implementing actions that are not in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations. This raises the need for protection against health risks arising from losses for services in beauty clinics that are not in accordance with statutory regulations in the field of health law and consumer protection law. The state is obliged to provide protection related to the implementation of constitutional rights to legal protection and the right to health, so that beauty clinic business actors obey all applicable regulations related to its implementation, increasing the responsibility as a business actor towards its consumers. In reality, the phenomenon of this beauty clinic case is like an iceberg, large but not visible on the surface, because the majority of patients from the middle to upper economic class feel ashamed and do not want to bother reporting it, ideally organizing aesthetic beauty clinics is based on applicable laws and regulations. The state must be able to provide legal certainty and protection to aesthetic beauty clinic patients with good regulatory and institutional and risk litigation.

Keywords: aesthetics; protection; law; patients; clinics
Tolerance of Tetraselmis tetrathele to High Ammonium Nitrogen and Its Effect on Growth Rate, Carotenoid, and Fatty Acids Productivity
Authors: Farahin Abd Wahab , Natrah Ikhsan , Nagao Norio , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Shariff Mohamed , Banerjee Sanjoy , Katayama Tomoyo , Nakakuni Masatoshi , Koyama Mitsuhiko , Nakasaki Kiyohiko , Toda Tatsuki
Published: January 2021

Microalgae can use either ammonium or nitrate for its growth and vitality. However, at a certain level of concentration, ammonium nitrogen exhibits toxicity which consequently can inhibit microalgae productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the tolerance of Tetraselmis tetrathele to high ammonium nitrogen concentrations and its effects on growth rate, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), pigment contents (chlorophyll a, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene), and fatty acids production. Experiments were performed at different ammonium nitrogen concentrations (0.31–0.87 gL−1) for 6 days under a light source with an intensity of 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and nitrate-nitrogen source as the experimental control. The findings indicated no apparent enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) at high levels of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) for T. tetrathele within 24 h. However, after 24 h, the photosynthetic efficiency of T. tetrathele increased significantly (p < 0.05) in high concentration of NH4+-N. Chlorophyll a content in T. tetrathele grown in all of the different NH4+-N levels increased significantly compared to nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) treatment (p < 0.05); which supported that this microalgal could grow even in high level of NH4+-N concentrations. The findings also indicated that T. tetrathele is highly resistant to high ammonium nitrogen which suggests T. tetrathele to be used in the aquaculture industry for bioremediation purpose to remove ammonium nitrogen, thus reducing the production cost while improving the water quality.