bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FOUR-TYPE TRITICALE SEED OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS
Authors: Liubych Vitalii , Novikov Volodymyr , Polianetska Iryna , Usyk Serhiy , Petrenko Vasyl , Khomenko Svitlana , Zorunko Victor , Balabak Oleksandr , Moskalets Valentyn , Moskalets Tetiana
Published: June 2019

Triticale is a promising agricultural crop. The increased content of protein, balanced by the amino acid composition, advantageously distinguishes triticale seed for peeled grains and food concentrates production. Seed cleaning is an important technological operation of food productions, but setting regimes of seed-cleaning equipment for processing triticale seed need specification today.

The aim of this work is to study geometric and physical characteristics of four-type triticale seed and elaboration of recommendations as to its cleaning and fractionating.

There was studied the fractional composition of four-type triticale seed. The comparative analysis of its length, width and thickness in samples of different sorts and fractions was realized. The dependence of geometric properties of triticale seed on sort is reliable. Fractionating reliably influences the change of the mass index of 1000 seeds, changing from 65,2 g to 25,8 g. The mass index of 1000 seeds essentially differs between studied sorts.

Such properties are inherent to seed fractions, obtained by a sieve of 3,2–20 mm and 3,0–20 mm, that are recommended to be called big seeds. Fractions, obtained by a sieve of 2,0–20 and 2,2–20 are analogously similar. Properties of the middle fraction, obtained by sieves of 2,4–20; 2,6–20; 2,8–20 essentially changed, depending on sort.

The elaborated recommendations may be used at choosing cleaning regimes for triticale seed on sieve and sieve-air separators.
On model selection in cosmology
Authors: Kerscher Martin , Weller Jochen
Published: June 2019

We review some of the common methods for model selection: the goodness of fit, the likelihood ratio test, Bayesian model
selection using Bayes factors, and the classical as well as the Bayesian
information theoretic approaches. We illustrate these different
approaches by comparing models for the expansion history of the
Universe. In the discussion we highlight the premises and objectives
entering these different approaches to model selection and finally
recommend the information theoretic approach.
Modelling of strategic managerial decisions in the system of marketing logistics of enterprise
Authors: Velychko Oleksandr , Velychko Liudmyla , Butko Mykola , Khalatur Svitlana
Published: June 2019

Integrated decisions in the system of the marketing logistics are the main resource for providing the efficient management of the value chain. Moreover, there is not a sufficient number of methodological approaches, which could use in complex the principles of the integrated modelling of decisions in the operational systems “procurement marketing – supply logistics” and “sales marketing – distribution logistics”. Considering that fact, the methodology of selecting strategic alternatives based on the integrated modeling in separate marketing logistics chains and in stage-by-stage formation of the supply chain participants has been developed in the article. The research is based on the application of the AHP method and the method of planning “dual sourcing” (70/30) for grounding the selection of the supply strategy at the market of material resources; methods of optimal planning according to Bayes criterion, linear programming and logistics modelling – for grounding the selection of the managerial decisions on the strategy of distributing the ready produce. The research covers, firstly, grounding the essence of the marketing logistics through the systemic approach to identification of its main and servicing business processes; secondly, improvement in the process of planning decisions in the procurement marketing system by adding the procedure of the logistical selection of the hierarchical estimation with a different degree of advantages in alternative supply strategies; thirdly, formation of the cascade integrated approach toward selection of the alternative distribution channels for the finished produce by estimating the complex marketing effect and application of the logistical model of optimal distribution.
Referencias formativas do Grupo de Estudos Práticas Educativas em Movimento
Authors: Rêgo Maria Carmem Freire Diógenes
Published: June 2019

O Grupo de Estudos de Práticas Educativas em Movimento (GEPEM), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, coordenado pela professora Marta Maria Castanho Almeida Pernambuco (1994-2018), desenvolveu ações formativas para a formação de professores nos Estados do Rio Grande do Norte, de São Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro. O presente trabalho analisa as práticas escolares resultantes das referidas ações formativas em conformidade com o pensamento e a práxis pedagógica sistematizada por Paulo Freire. Em termos de conclusão, o estudo identificou os princípios que orientam as ações formativas do GEPEM: o sujeito como ser histórico-social faz parte de uma determinada comunidade; o conhecimento é construído nas relações sociais; e a realidade local é geradora de conteúdo. Ademais, considera a perspectiva freiriana de dialogicidade e de construção coletiva a partir da ação-reflexão-ação e do processo de conscientização.
O estatuto da emoção em Esquisse d’une théorie des émotions
Authors: Fujiwara Gustavo
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é o de investigar a maneira pelaqual o filósofo francês Jean-Paul Sartre, a partir de sua definição depsicologia fenomenológica, compreende a consciência emotiva e seucorrelato, a emoção. Ver-se-á, portanto, que esta psicologia fenomenológicaserá definida por Sartre – a partir da influência que Husserlexerce sobre seu pensamento – como psicologia eidética. Nesta toada,a investigação psicofenomenológica da emoção deverá proceder apartir de uma análise eidética cujo objetivo será o de desvelar a essência(eidos) da consciência emotiva. Daí a questão eidética essencial: oque deve ser uma consciência para que a emoção seja possível? Reatualizandoa psicologia a partir da fenomenologia (isto é, a partir dadefinição de consciência intencional – toda consciência é consciênciade...), Sartre fornece uma teoria acerca da emoção completamentediferente das teorias clássicas de seu tempo.
Análise dos discursos: uma forma de combate ao racismo sob perspectivas filosófica e discursiva
Authors: Zeri de Oliveira Célia , Santana Heinen Isabella Vivianny
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo fazemos uma reflexão filosófico-discursivaacerca das relações étnico-raciais no contexto social atual em que asociedade brasileira, uma vez constituída por meio da miscigenaçãode povos e suas respectivas culturas, raramente tem atribuído o protagonismoa todos os componentes que são parte da história da nação,pois tem havido dois grupos sociais sistematicamente excluídos eapagados do processo de construção da cultura brasileira: os negrose os indígenas. A linguagem, nesse âmbito, serve para a estruturaçãodas relações sociais e, em simultâneo, também é usada para a manutençãodo status quo como estruturas das hegemonias de poder e dominaçãode uns sobre outros, tal qual um mecanismo naturalizado eaceito pelos integrantes desse sistema, sejam eles os dominadores oudominados. Metodologicamente realizamos a análise discursiva combase em interpretações dos gêneros discursivos/textuais utilizados nos meios de informação e comunicação em nossa sociedade, especificamente,selecionando em meio a textos jornalísticos publicados viainternet e com assinatura de autores que defendem um ou outro pontode vista discursivo em relação às relações étnico-raciais presentesem nossa sociedade. Assim, discutimos os princípios éticos pelo viésfilosófico como base para a construção coletiva de princípios, principalmenteos que se inserem nas relações étnico-raciais.
Má consciência e mal-estar civilizacional, do niilismo a um mundo possível
Authors: Feiler Adilson
Published: June 2019

A má consciência é produzida por uma civilização niilista.Na Segunda Dissertação da Para a genealogia da moral Nietzsche detectaque o problema da consciência é, antes de tudo, um problemacultural e não individual. A perda da ênfase sobre o indivíduo, namassa uniforme da coletividade, conduz ao abandono dos traços quemarcam a grandeza potencial da ação. Sem o traço individual equivalea entrega ao conformismo moral gregário, a direção de degenerescênciada consciência. Neste sentido, a má consciência se revela comoproblema oriundo de uma civilização enferma, niilista; sua superaçãoaponta para um mundo possível.
PRESERVAR E RESISTIR: A LUTA DOS PESCADORES ARTESANAIS EM DEFESA DO TERRITÓRIO PESQUEIRO DO LAGO DO MAICÁ, EM SANTARÉM-PARÁ.
Authors: Sousa Wandicleia Lopes de , Silva Rubens Elias da , Vieira Thiago Almeida
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem a finalidade de construir uma caracterização do processo de resistência dos pescadores artesanais em defesa do Lago do Maicá, localizado no município de Santarém, na região Oeste do Estado do Pará. A metodologia utilizada optou-se pelo método do estudo de caso. Procura-se responder se como os pescadores artesanais organizam-se como forma de resistência em defesa do Lago do Maicá?. Ao longo de sua história os pescadores vem se organizando em suas entidades, em Santarém a Colônia de Pescadores-20 representa –os na luta e defesa de seu território pesqueiro. Nesse processo construíram instrumentos normativos institucionais e comunitários que auxiliam no ordenamento e na gestão dos recursos existente. O Lago do Maicá possui 36 espécies de peixes, devido a grande abundância existente é responsável por abastecer 30% do comercio local. Diante da proposta de construção de um Porto Graneleiro nessa região para escoamento da produção de soja os pescadores organizaram-se para novamente defender seu território pesqueiro, para tanto construíram seu Protocolo de Consulta Previa, Livre e Informada, com base na convenção 169, da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. Percebe-se que os pescadores vivem em constante mobilização e luta para garantir a conservação do recurso pesqueiro dessa região.
Evaluation of Stemness Maintenance Properties of the Recombinant Human Laminin α2 LG1-3 Domains in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Ji-Eun , Seo Hye-Jin , Lee SuJin , Jang Jun-Hyeog
Published: June 2019

Background:

Laminin, a member of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), is a glycoprotein
that is used as a factor that affects cell adhesion, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Of
these, five globular domains (LG domains) of the alpha chain play an important role in influencing
the cell by binding to the integrin.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of globular domains 1-3 of laminin alpha2
(rhLAMA2LG1-3) in maintaining the pluripotency of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs),
which are widely used in regenerative medicine.

Methods:

hMSCs were grown in the medium supplemented with rhLAMA2LG1-3, then the effect of
the protein on hMSCs were confirmed through cell adhesion assay, proliferation assay and RTPCR.

Results:

rhLAMA2LG1-3 expressed in Escherichia coli has a molecular weight of 70 kDa, at 1 µg/ml
concentration of rhLAMA2LG1-3, the attachment and proliferation of hMSCs were approximately
3.18-fold and 1.67-fold, respectively, more efficient than those of untreated controls. In addition,
the undifferentiated state and degree of stemness of hMSCs were measured, on the basis of CD90
and CD105 levels. In the rhLAMA2LG1-3-treated hMSCs, the expression levels of CD90 and CD105
increased by 2.83-fold and 1.62-fold, respectively, compared to those in untreated controls.

Conclusion:

rhLAMA2LG1-3 can be potentially used in stem cell therapy to improve the viability
and maintain the undifferentiated state of hMSCs.
Antimicrobial Peptides - Small but Mighty Weapons for Plants to Fight Phytopathogens
Authors: Das Kaushik , Datta Karabi , Karmakar Subhasis , Datta Swapan K.
Published: June 2019

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have diverse structures, varied modes of actions, and can inhibit the growth of a wide range of pathogens at low concentrations. Plants are constantly under attack by a wide range of phytopathogens causing massive yield losses worldwide. To combat these pathogens, nature has armed plants with a battery of defense responses including Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides form a vital component of the two-tier plant defense system. They are constitutively expressed as part of the pre-existing first line of defense against pathogen entry. When a pathogen overcomes this barrier, it faces the inducible defense system, which responds to specific molecular or effector patterns by launching an arsenal of defense responses including the production of AMPs. This review emphasizes the structural and functional aspects of different plant-derived AMPs, their homology with AMPs from other organisms, and how their biotechnological potential could generate durable resistance in a wide range of crops against different classes of phytopathogens in an environmentally friendly way without phenotypic cost.
Hot-melt Preparation of a Non-biodegradable Peptide Implant: A Proof of Principle
Authors: D’Hondt Matthias , Verbeke Frederick , Wuytens Pieter , Skirtach Andre , De Spiegeleer Bart , Wynendaele Evelien
Published: June 2019

Background:

Both biodegradable and non-biodegradable peptide-loaded implants are already developed for the long-term treatment of patients, thereby reducing the frequency of drug administration. To further improve peptide formulation, extending the scope of implant-based drug delivery systems towards other polymers and processing techniques is highly interesting.

Objective:

In this study, as a proof-of-principle, the feasibility of hot-melt processing of a peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient was assessed by developing a non-biodegradable poly(ethylenevinyl acetate) (33% VA) implant loaded with 20% (w/w) buserelin acetate.

Methods:

Cross-sectional implant characterization was performed by Raman microscopy. The stability of buserelin acetate in the polymeric matrix was evaluated for 3 months under ICH stability conditions and the quantity as well as the degradation products analyzed using LC-UV methods. An in vitro dissolution study was performed as well and buserelin acetate and its degradants analyzed using the same chromatographic methods.

Results:

No significant quantities of buserelin acetate-related degradation products were formed during the hot-melt preparation as well as during the stability study. Together with the consistent buserelin acetate assay values over time, chemical peptide stability was thus demonstrated. The in vitro buserelin acetate release from the implant was found to be diffusion-controlled after an initial burst release, with stable release profiles in the stability study, demonstrating the functional stability of the peptide implant.

Conclusion:

These results indicate the feasibility of preparing non-biodegradable peptide-loaded implants using the hot-melt production method and may act as a proof of principle concept for further innovation in peptide medicinal formulations.
Changes in Expression Pattern of SEMA3F Depending on Endometrial Cancer Grade - Pilot Study
Authors: Dziobek Konrad , Opławski Marcin , Grabarek Beniamin , Zmarzły Nikola , Kiełbasiński Robert , Leśniak Ewa , Januszyk Piotr , Januszyk Krzysztof , Adwent Iwona , Dąbruś Dariusz , Kieszkowski Przemysław , Kiełbasiński Kamil , Kuś-Kierach Agnieszka , Boroń Dariusz
Published: June 2019

Background:

In the course of neoplastic diseases, a reduction in SEMA3F expression is observed,
which translates into an increase in the proliferative and proangiogenic potential of cells forming
the tumor and the surrounding microenvironment.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in SEMA3F level in endometrial cancer
depending on its grade.

Methods:

The study material consisted of tissue samples: 15 without neoplastic changes (control
group) and 45 with endometrial cancer (G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13; study group). SEMA3F expression
was assessed using the immune-histochemical method.

Results:

The expression of SEMA3F was observed in the control group (Me = 159.38) and in the study
group (G1, Me = 121.32; G2, Me = 0; G3, Me = 130.37). Differences between each grade and control
and between individual grades were statistically significant. There were no significant correlations between
SEMA3F expression and weight and Body Mass Index (BMI). The reduced SEMA3F expression
in tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue indicates that this protein plays key roles in proliferation
and angiogenesis.

Conclusion:

We found that depending on the severity of the disease, cancer adopts different survival
strategies, where SEMA3F plays an important role. As a molecular marker, SEMA3F is not sensitive
to weight and BMI.
Flavonoid-derived Privileged Scaffolds in anti-Trypanosoma brucei Drug Discovery
Authors: Boniface Pone Kamdem , Elizabeth Ferreira Igne
Published: June 2019

Objective:

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness is
one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases listed by the World Health Organization, which lead to death
if left untreated. This disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is the chronic form
of the disease present in western and central Africa, and by T. brucei rhodesiense, which is the
acute form of the disease located in eastern and southern Africa. Many reports have highlighted the
effectiveness of flavonoid-based compounds against T. brucei.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted for naturally occurring and synthetic anti-T brucei flavonoids
by referencing textbooks and scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct,
Wiley, ACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, Springer, among others) from their inception until February
2019.

Results:

The present review summarizes the current standings and perspectives for the use of flavonoids
as lead compounds for the potential treatment of HAT.

Conclusion:

Flavonoids isolated from different parts of plants and species were reported to exhibit moderate
to high in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against T. brucei. In addition, synthetic flavonoids revealed
anti-T. brucei activity. Molecular interactions of bioactive flavonoids with T. brucei protein
targets showed promising results.
PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Narayanankutty Arunaksharan
Published: June 2019

Background:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Ks) is a member of intracellular lipid kinases
and involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival. Overexpression of
the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling has been reported in various forms of cancers, especially in colorectal
cancers (CRC). Due to their significant roles in the initiation and progression events of colorectal cancer,
they are recognized as a striking therapeutic target.

Objective:

The present review is aimed to provide a detailed outline on the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR
pathway in the initiation and progression events of colorectal cancers as well as its function in drug
resistance. Further, the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic
drugs, in alleviating colorectal cancer is also discussed. The review contains preclinical
and clinical evidence as well as patent literature of the pathway inhibitors which are natural
and synthetic in origin.

Methods:

The data were obtained from PubMed/Medline databases, Scopus and Google patent literature.

Results:

PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling is an important event in colorectal carcinogenesis. In addition, it
plays significant roles in acquiring drug resistance as well as metastatic initiation events of CRCs.
Several small molecules of natural and synthetic origin have been found to be potent inhibitors of
CRCs by effectively downregulating the pathway. Data from various clinical studies also support
these pathway inhibitors and several among them are patented.

Conclusion:

Inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway have been successful for the treatment of primary
and metastatic colorectal cancers, rendering the pathway as a promising clinical cancer therapeutic target.
Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)-targeting Compounds and Derivatives: Recent Advances in Structural Modification and Bioactivity
Authors: Guo Wei-Yun , Zeng Shang-Ming-Zhu , Deora Girdhar Singh , Li Qing-Shan , Ruan Ban-Feng
Published: June 2019

Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by female, and the second highest cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, hormone therapy is still the main treatment route and can be divided into three main categories: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, breast cancer is difficult to cure even after several rounds of anti-estrogen therapy and most drugs have serious side-effects. Here, we review the literature published over the past five years regarding the isolation and synthesis of analogs and their derivatives.
Green Application of Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Oxidation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wang Chuan-Hui , Liu Chen-Fu , Rao Guo-Wu
Published: June 2019

Oxidation reactions have emerged as one of the most versatile tools in organic chemistry.
Various onium salts such as ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium, bismuthonium, tellurium have
been used as phase transfer catalysts in many oxidation reactions. Certainly, considerable catalysts
have been widely used in Phase-Transfer Catalysis (PTC). This review focuses on the application of
PTC in various oxidation reaction. Furthermore, PTC also conforms to the concept of “Green Chemistry”.

• Oxidation has become one of the most widely used tools in organic chemistry and phase transfer
catalysts has been widely used in oxidation.

• The application of phase transfer catalysts in oxidation reaction will be summarized.

• Phase transfer catalysts have important application in various oxidation reaction.
A Mini Review on the Chemical Synthesis of Resveratrol
Authors: Huang Hong , Liu Ruonan , Ou Wenhua
Published: June 2019

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound and has been shown to possess numerous biological activities, which could possibly be applied to the prevention and/or treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the progress of different chemical methods in the preparation of resveratrol.
An Overview of Solid Supported Palladium and Nickel Catalysts for C-C Cross Coupling Reactions
Authors: Chopra Jaishri , Goswami Ajay K. , Baroliya Prabhat K.
Published: June 2019

Solid supported catalysts have been of considerable interest in organic synthesis for the
last few years. Solid support provides an efficient heterogeneous catalytic system owing to facile
recovery and extensive recycling by simple filtration because of possessing 3-R approach (Recoverable,
Robust and Recyclable) and makes solid supported catalyst more appealing nowadays. In view
of the high cost and shortage of furthermost used palladium catalyst, its recovery and recycling are
vital issues for any large-scale application which are being overcome by using solid supported
catalytic systems. Therefore, a variety of inorganic and organic solid-supported catalytic systems
have been developed so far in order to address these challenges. This review attempts highlight a
number of solid supported catalytic systems in the pro-active area of widely used C-C cross coupling
reactions.
Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4: A Druggable Target
Authors: Shi Yingying , Liu Jingwen , Zhao Yuanyuan , Cao Jiaoxian , Li Yiming , Guo Fujiang
Published: June 2019

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) belongs to the bromodomain and extraterminal family. BRD4 inhibitors can regulate acetylated lysine and form protein complexes that initiate transcriptional programs as an epigenetic regulator of the histone code. BRD4 was initially considered to be one of the most promising targets for combating malignant tumors. However, many recent studies have shown that BRD4 plays a crucial role in various kinds of diseases, including cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological disorder, and obesity. Currently, several BRD4 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials. A search for new BRD4 inhibitors appears to be of great utility for developing novel drugs. In this mini-review, we highlight the inhibitors of BRD4 from natural products and synthesized sources, as well as their applications in cancer, glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, neuronal stimulation activation, human immunodeficiency virus and renal fibrosis.
Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Problematic Molecules: An Update
Authors: Singh Dilpreet , Tiwary Ashok K. , Bedi Neena
Published: June 2019

Background:

The poor bioavailability of a problematic molecule is predominantly due to its
high lipophilicity, low solubility in gastric fluids and/or high fist pass metabolism. Self microemulsifying
drug delivery system (SMEDDS), a lipidic type IV nano-formulation has been of interest in the
field of pharmaceutical research due to its potential for tailoring the physicochemical properties of
pharmaceutical molecules.

Methods:

This review provides insights on various recent innovations and reports from the past seven
years (2012-2019) of self-emulsifying formulations for the delivery of various types of poorly soluble
drugs, phytoconstituents and high molecular peptides and gives exhaustive details of the outcome of
the endeavors in this field.

Results:

Various types of innovative formulations have been molded from SMEDDS like selfemulsifying
powders, granules, tablets, pellets, eutectic and cationic formulations. Till date, many research
reports and patents have been filed on self-emulsifying dosage forms and many formulations
have gained US-FDA approvals which are summarized in the review article.

Conclusion:

This review content highlighted the increasing scope of SMEDDS in augmenting the
physiochemical properties of an API, the variegated formulation types and the attributes of API that
can be improved by SMEDD based formulations.
The Benefits Of Occlusive Dressings In Wound Healing
Authors: Tan Sukmawati Tansil , Winarto Nathasia , Dosan Ricky , Aisyah Putri Bennya
Published: June 2019

There are several types of wounds with their own healing properties. The latest innovation in wound management by using occlusive dressings can prevent infections, improve healing time and patient’s comfort. Occlusive dressings are often used as an immediate wound hygiene control and also prevent blood loss until debridement is performed. They are used to protect wounds and surrounding tissue from pathogens and other harmful materials. A good cover depends on the condition around the wound, the person's skills, and the injury's nature. In this article, we provide an insight into the types of polymer materials used clinically in wound dressing and underlying mechanisms between the biomaterial dressings and the body tissue.
Trauma and Black Male Adolescents: A Critical Link
Authors: Singletary Gilbert
Published: June 2019

Background:

By the year 2020, children of color will become the majority of those 18 years of age and under in United States. There is a dearth of research that investigates the developmental trajectories of children of color, especially those who live in communities where they are exposed to traumatic events. African American males reared in poverty and/or living in violent communities are an especially vulnerable group.

Methods:

This paper examines the unique experiences of Black male adolescents and their emotional, psychological, and neurobiological responses to trauma.

Discussion:

Trauma has multifaceted effects on the lives of Black males. Behavioral disturbances can result in exclusion from school, leading to further traumatization and deprivation. Much of what appears to be antisocial behavior is in fact adaptive response to living in violent communities. It is important to consider the role of this complex interweaving of circumstances in understanding the development of this vulnerable group.
Gender Differences in the Suicide Attempts of Adolescents in Emergency Departments: Focusing on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mikami Katsunaka , Inomata Seiji , Onishi Yuichi , Orihashi Yasushi , Yamamoto Kenji , Matsumoto Hideo
Published: June 2019

Background:

Few studies on gender-based diagnostic characteristics of adolescent
suicide attempters in emergency departments (EDs) have included individuals with
autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the clinical features of adolescent suicide attempts in
EDs, focusing on gender differences and considering individuals with ASD.

Method:

Ninety-four adolescent patients, aged less than 20 years, who had attempted suicide
and had been hospitalized in an emergency department, participated in this study. Psychiatric
diagnoses according to DSM-IV criteria and clinical features were compared between
male and female patients.

Results:

The number (%) of males was 15 (16.0), and that of females was 79 (84.0). The mean
age (SD) of males was 17.1 (1.5), and that of females was 16.9 (1.6). The attempt methods
were more serious, length of stay in the emergency room longer, and rate of outpatient treatment
lower in males. In addition, suicide attempters with ASD were significantly more frequent
in male. Adjusting for age and gender, adjustment disorder was significantly associated with
the presence of suicide attempters with ASD using a multivariable logistic regression.

Conclusion:

Males were less likely to visit psychiatric service previous to attempting suicides,
and may be likely to complete suicides. In addition, suicide attempters with ASD are
characteristic in male, and likely to have comorbid adjustment disorder. ED visits offer a
window of opportunity to provide suicide prevention interventions for adolescents, and
therefore, psychiatrists in EDs have a crucial role as gatekeepers of preventing suicide reattempts,
especially in adolescent males including individuals with ASD having adjustment
disorder.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Dudoa (Hydnocarpus alcalae C.DC.) Leaf Extract As a Reducing and Stabilizing Agent
Authors: Bragais Edward K.B. , Labaclado Lynne M.
Published: June 2019

Background and Objective:

In this study, dudoa (Hydnocarpus alcalae C.DC.) leaf extract
was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in a novel one-step green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Dudoa is an endemic plant in the province of Legazpi, Philippines and its seed oil was used as an
anti-leprotic drug.

Method:

Therefore, the dudoa leaf extract was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Moreover, optimization
of various parameters greatly affected the size and morphology of the synthesized AgNPs
as indicated by the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. The synthesized AgNPs were further
characterized using spectral analyses such as XRD, EDX, SEM, FT-IR, TGA and DLS. The antimicrobial
activity of synthesized AgNPs was also demonstrated.

Results and Discussions:

The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a diffraction pattern and a particle size
ranging from 22-48 nm. The AgNPs also showed complete inhibitory and mild reactivity against representative
pathogenic gram-positive (S.aureus) and gram-negative (E.coli) bacteria.

Conclusion:

Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using H. alcalae leaf extract. Furthermore,
this green synthesis approach appeared to be cost-effective, non-toxic, and eco-friendly
which is a best alternative to the conventional chemical methods.
Исследование рельсового электромагнитного источника плазменной струи
Authors: Воронин А.В. , Горяинов В.Ю. , Гусев В.К. , Новохацкий А.Н. , Поняев С.А.
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study of elements of rail electromagnetic accelerator (railgun), aimed at studying the mechanism of formation of the dense and free from impurities plasma jet with high kinetic energy is presented. The accelerator was tested with pulsed gas inlet, different shape and length of electrodes, as well as with an additional magnetic field created by external conductors with current. The method controlling of plasma jet parameters on test bench with the use of pressure sensor and infrared video camera was developed. The dependence of the pressure of deuterium plasma flow on distance to the accelerator was investigated. The kinetic energy of the jet was estimated.
Изотопно-селективное управление кластеризацией молекул SF-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=- и диссоциация ван-дер-ваальсовых кластеров (SF-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-m-=/SUB=-Ar-=SUB=-n-=/SUB=- ИК лазерным излучением
Authors: Апатин В.М. , Лохман В.Н. , Макаров Г.Н. , Малиновский А.Л. , Петин А.Н. , Огурок Н.-Д.Д. , Пойдашев Д.Г. , Рябов Е.А.
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present the results of an investigation into the interaction of SF_6 molecules and clusters in a molecular beam with resonant IR laser radiation at different stages of the beam evolution along the axis of its propagation. The beam has been formed as a result of gas-dynamic expansion of a mixture of SF_6 with argon carrier gas during expansion from a pulsed nozzle. The experimental setup and the investigation method are described. It has been shown that selective vibrational excitation of SF_6 molecules with a specific sulfur isotope by a CO_2 laser near the nozzle edge causes suppression of the clustering process of these isotopic molecules. Selective IR excitation of clusters under the conditions of the formed cluster beam leads to isotopically selective dissociation of clusters. Depending on the experimental conditions including different distances of the irradiation zone of particles from the nozzle edge, the results of measuring the efficiency and selectivity of molecular clustering suppression and cluster dissociation processes are presented. It has been shown that both of these processes make it possible to achieve high selectivity values for the ^32S and ^34S sulfur isotopes. In the case in which the clustering of SF_6 molecules was selectively suppressed, selectivity values α ≥ 25–30 have been obtained. Upon selective dissociation of (SF_6)_2 dimers under similar expansion conditions of the gas mixture, selectivity values α ≥ 20–25 for ^32SF_6^32SF_6 dimers with respect to ^34SF_6^32SF_6 dimers have been obtained. Particular attention has been paid to measurements at a high dilution of SF_6 in argon under conditions of predominant formation of (SF_6)_ m Ar_ n mixed clusters. The potential of using studied processes as a basis for the technology of the laser isotope separation are discussed.
Predictors of Walking App Users With Comparison of Current Users, Previous Users, and Informed Nonusers in a Sample of Dutch Adults: Questionnaire Study
Authors: De Bruijn Gert-Jan , Dallinga Joan Martine , Deutekom Marije
Published: June 2019

Background

The last decade has seen a substantial increase in the use of mobile health apps and research into the effects of those apps on health and health behaviors. In parallel, research has aimed at identifying population subgroups that are more likely to use those health apps. Current evidence is limited by two issues. First, research has focused on broad health apps, and little is known about app usage for a specific health behavior. Second, research has focused on comparing current users and current nonusers, without considering subgroups of nonusers.

Objective

We aimed to provide profile distributions of current users, previous users, and informed nonusers, and to identify predictor variables relevant for profile classification.

Methods

Data were available from 1683 people who participated in a Dutch walking event in Amsterdam that was held in September 2017. They provided information on demographics, self-reported walking behavior, and walking app usage, as well as items from User Acceptance of Information Technology, in an online survey. Data were analyzed using discriminant function analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results

Most participants were current walking app users (899/1683, 53.4%), while fewer participants were informed nonusers (663/1683, 39.4%) and very few were previous walking app users (121/1683, 7.2%). Current walking app users were more likely to report walking at least 5 days per week and for at least 30 minutes per bout (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% CI 1.11-1.85; P=.005) and more likely to be overweight (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.24-2.37; P=.001) or obese (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08-2.08; P=.005) as compared with informed nonusers. Further, current walking app users perceived their walking apps to be less boring, easy to use and retrieve information, and more helpful to achieve their goals. Effect sizes ranged from 0.10 (95% CI 0.08-0.30) to 1.58 (95% CI 1.47-1.70).

Conclusions

The distributions for walking app usage appeared different from the distributions for more general health app usage. Further, the inclusion of two specific subgroups of nonusers (previous users and informed nonusers) provides important information for health practitioners and app developers to stimulate continued walking app usage, including making information in those apps easy to understand and making it easy to obtain information from the apps, as well as preventing apps from becoming boring and difficult to use for goal attainment.
Mapping the Access of Future Doctors to Health Information Technologies Training in the European Union: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Giunti Guido , Guisado-Fernandez Estefania , Belani Hrvoje , Lacalle-Remigio Juan R
Published: June 2019

Background

Health information technologies (HITs) such as electronic health records (EHR) and telemedicine services are currently used to assist clinicians provide care to patients. There are many barriers to HIT adoption, including mismatches between investments and benefits, disruptions in the workflow, and concerns about privacy and confidentiality. The lack of HIT training of health professionals as a workforce is an increasingly recognized and understudied barrier.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to describe what courses on HIT topics are available at the graduate level for future health professionals in the European Union (EU) and to explore possible determining factors for their exposure to these courses.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study of EU medical schools was performed to explore the prevalence of HIT courses. The curricula of all identified higher learning institutions that offer a medical degree were manually explored to identify graduate-level courses that offer specific training on HIT topics. HIT topics were defined as courses or subjects that provided knowledge on the design, development, use, and implementation of HIT. Associations among potential factors such as population, yearly medical graduates, total number of physicians, EHR presence, and gross domestic product (GDP) were explored.

Results

A total of 302 medical schools from the 28 member states of the EU were explored. Only about one-third (90/302, 29.80%) of all medical degree curricula offered any kind of HIT course at the graduate level; in the medical schools that offered HIT courses, the courses were often mandatory (58/90, 64.44%). In most EU countries, HIT courses are offered in less than half of the medical schools, regardless of the country’s GDP per capita. Countries with the highest percentages of HIT course presence have the lowest GDP per capita. There seems to be a weak inverse correlation (–0.49) between the two variables (GDP per capita and HIT course presence). There is a trend between the availability of medical human resources and an increase in the presence of HIT courses, with Romania, Croatia, and Greece as outliers in this respect.

Conclusions

The current state of medical training in the EU leaves much room for improvement. Further studies are required for in-depth analysis of the content and manner of instruction that would fit present and future needs of HIT.
ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS
Authors: D’Mello Rashmi , Kilaikode Sasikumar , Bahna Sami L.
Published: June 2019

Aspergillus is a saprophytic mold and its natural habitat is the soil. It is found worldwide indoors and outdoors in potted soil, compost, freshly cut grasses, decaying vegetation and in sewers. Aspergillus produces a bountiful number of spores and releases 2-3 micron sized spores into the air daily. It grows best at 37-40 °C, which is similar to the temperature in the lungs. These spores will remain airborne for a long period of time. It is estimated that humans inhale hundreds of spores daily. Several fungi other than aspergillus have been known to be implicated. Hence, the term allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses would be more appropriate unless the specific fungus is identified - which could be candida, helminthosporium, curvularia, bipolaris, cladosporium, or others. The review article is focused on the prototype allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis should be considered in patients with poorly controlled asthma despite appropriate routine therapy and environmental control. The need for frequent courses of corticosteroids with temporary improvement should raise the index of suspicion and appropriate evaluation be done. Early recognition and prompt initiation of appropriate corticosteroid treatment regimen would reduce the risk of development or progression of bronchiectasis and lung tissue damage. Regular follow up and monitoring serum total IgE level can predict exacerbations and should prompt corticosteroid treatment. Long term follow-up is important as relapses can occur years of remission.
Geo-cultural potential of small historical towns of the Voronezh region
Authors: Proskurina Natal’ya V.
Published: June 2019

In the article small historical towns of the Voronezh region are considered. The studied towns have the status of historic due to the high historical and cultural “content” of their territory. Modern historical towns of the region are important reference centers of settlement system of the Voronezh region, among a sharp disproportion in the development of the regional center and all the other urban settlements and high proportion of rural settlements in the region. The investigated towns are important geo-cultural potential of the Voronezh region, which can provide additional sociallyeconomic effect, as for the development of small urban settlements themselves and for surrounding territories.
The interpenetration of migration and tourism: the case of Russian-speaking tourism in Nha Trang, Vietnam
Authors: Ohashi Kenichi
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore the interrelationship between tourism and migration by the case study on Russian-speaking tourism phenomena observed in Nha Trang, Vietnam. The case challenges us to reexamine our static interpretations of tourism/migration concepts and to focus on the interpenetration of them. This paper tries to educe the multiple intermediate forms of human mobility that go beyond the simple framework of binominal confrontation between tourism and migration.
Russian companies in the international oil and gas business: innovative vector of development
Authors: Lavrov Sergey N. , Dyakin Boris G.
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the problems, the resolution of which determines the specificity, direction and validity of the optimal positioning of Russian industry companies in the international business in the oil and gas sector. The driving force of this process is the use of the advantages of international business for scientific and technical re-equipment of the oil and gas sector of the Russian fuel and energy sector. The productive use of profiling capabilities implies a mutually beneficial transfer of technologies, localization of production of modern equipment in Russia in cooperation with global manufacturers and expansion of access to the world markets of natural and produced assets of hydrocarbon origin. The conclusion reached by the authors is that the identified areas and the nature of the impact of the increased involvement of Russian participants in the international oil and gas business contribute to their competitive advantages.
CRITICAL RESEARCH ON THE PEDAGOGICAL, INDIVIDUAL, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE TOEFL PBT INTRODUCTION AS A TESTING INSTRUMENT
Authors: Munandar Imam
Published: June 2019

This research is a descriptive research by nature which tries to demonstrate various impacts to diverse communities. It gathers several important findings from previous research and draw a comprehensive outlook on how the TOEFL test has influenced the decision makers, teachers, students and outer community themselves. It is found that there has been a significant impact as the TOEFL test is administered as a test instrument worldwide. These include positive and negative impacts. For instance, the test has demanded schools to include teaching TOEFL preparation as an integrative part of syllabus. Still, students are forced to learn English intensively, but they are more inclined to attend the TOEFL class rather than regular classes. The research also shows that students prefer studying American English dialect since it is found in the test content. In wider community, the test opens job opportunities for many people especially publication industries and English private courses. However, the test also contributes to the inequality of educational opportunity between wealth and poor families.
Efficacy of the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerve block in achieving pulpal anesthesia of maxillary teeth
Authors: Tomic Slavoljub , Davidovic Lado , Bozovic Djordje , Stanojevic Mihael , Cicmil Smiljka , Tatic Zoran , Bubalo Marija , Todorovic Ljubomir
Published: June 2019

Introduction. The anterior and middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block is an alternative technique of local anesthesia in the maxilla, unpredictably efficient for pulpal anesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of the AMSA injection for pulpal anesthesia, using computer-controlled injection system or conventional syringe, and two local anesthetic solutions with or without adrenaline. Methods. The authors administered two AMSA injections during two separate appointments, utilizing the computer-controlled system and conventional syringe to 40 subjects, divided into two groups of 20 subjects each depending on the local anesthetic used. A pulp tester was used to test the achieved anesthesia of the central and lateral incisors, canine, first and second premolars, and the first molar in 10-minute cycles over a period of 60 minutes. Duration of anesthesia for all the mentioned teeth was also determined for both the anesthetic solutions and ways of application. Results. The AMSA injection with both types of equipment was successful, showing slow onset, satisfying intensity, and declining duration of pulpal anesthesia at the last two measurements. Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor exhibited a significantly longer pulpal anesthesia. Conclusion. The AMSA nerve block could be recommended for achieving pulpal anesthesia of maxillary teeth from the region of the first incisor to the second premolar.