bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVIEW: LAPISAN SUPERHIDROFOBIK BERBASIS SILIKA SEBAGAI APLIKASI SELF-CLEANING
Authors: Putri Ariyanti Rasiana , MUNASIR Munasir
Published: October 2023

Teknologi self-cleaning sangat popular di kalangan para peneliti dan telah banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai aplikasi permukaan. Lapisan self-cleaning dengan sifat superhidrofobik banyak dikembangkan dan diteliti lebih lanjut karena kemampuannya dalam melakukan pembersihan yang sangat baik. Kemampuan self-cleaning lapisan superhidrofobik berbasis silika (SiO2) banyak diteliti. SiO2 dianggap dapat meningkatkan kekasaran suatu permukaan karena memiliki energi permukaaannya yang rendah dan menunjukkan sifat hidrofobik, hidrofilik, dan kestabilan termal. Lapisan superhidrofobik berbasis silika telah disintesis melalui berbagai metode fisik dan kimia. Metode sol-gel menjadi utama dengan ciri khas kemudahannya dalam sintesis melalui pencampuran beberapa material dan lebih hemat biaya. Selain itu, metode sol-gel telah banyak digunakan dalam sintesis material berbasis silika. Pada review ini, membahas mengenai fenomena self-cleaning di alam yang menjadi acuan peneliti, karakteristik lapisan superhidrofobik dalam kemampuan self-cleaning, metode sol-gel dan teknik coating dalam pembuatan lapisan superhidrofobik, dan material silika yang dimodifikasi dengan material lain untuk meningkatkan kemampuan self-cleaning.

Kata Kunci: Superhidrofobik; Self-cleaning; Silika; Sol-gel

Abstract

Self-cleaning technology is very popular among researchers and has been widely applied in various surface applications. Self-cleaning coatings with superhydrophobic properties have been developed and further researched because of their ability to perform excellent cleaning. The self-cleaning ability of silica-based superhydrophobic coatings (SiO2) has been extensively studied. SiO2 considered to be able to increase the roughness of a surface because it has a low surface energy and exhibits hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and thermal stability properties. Silica-based superhydrophobic coatings have been synthesized by various physical and chemical methods. The sol-gel method is the main feature of its ease of synthesis through mixing several materials and is more cost-effective. In addition, the sol-gel method has been widely used in the synthesis of silica-based materials. This review discusses the phenomenon of self-cleaning in nature which is the reference for researchers, the characteristics of the superhydrophobic coating in terms of self-cleaning ability, the sol-gel method and coating techniques in the manufacture of superhydrophobic coatings, and silica material modified with other materials to increase self-cleaning ability.

Keywords: Superhydrophobicity; Self-cleaning; Silica; Sol-gel
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Sukur Puji , Iman Rudinah Mahesa Nur , Nurlaili Nurlaili
Published: October 2023

Manajemen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan merupakan salah satu indikator bermutunya suatu sekolah. Meskipun pemerintah telah mengatur pengelolaan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, tetapi sekolah masih diberikan ruang untuk mengembangkannya sesuai dengan ciri khas yang ada di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan manajemen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan yang berbasis pada sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Perencanaan yang dilakukan oleh sekolah adalah dengan menganalisis kebutuhan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan kemudian melakukan rekrutmen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan; (2) Pengorganisasian pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan di SMA Perusahaan dimulai dengan dimulai dengan penandatanganan kontrak kerja. Untuk pendidik dan tenaga pendidik baru akan dijadikan pegawai honor, jika kinerjanya bagus akan dijadikan pegawai kontrak, sedangkan tenaga kontrak yang kinerjanya bagus, akan diangkat menjadai pegawai tetap; (3) Pelaksanaan pengembangan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Proses pengembangannya melalui penilaian hasil kerja tahunan, rotasi/mutasi jabatan, kenaikan jabatan dan kenaikan golongan, pengisian jabatan, pelatihan dan pendidikan, Career Development Program dan penugasan organisasi ekstra lainnya; (4) Pengawasan manajemen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan di SMA Perusahaan diimplementasikan melalui pemberian penghargaan, penegakan disiplin, dan evaluasi kerja.
MODEL INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KESELAMATAN BERLALU LINTAS PADA EKSTRAKURIKULER PKS TINGKAT SMA/SMK
Authors: Siswanto Joko , Hidayati Tri Susila , Ayu Brasie Pradana Sela Bunga Riska , Hadi Suprapto
Published: October 2023

High school/vocational school students are in a transitional phase towards greater independence and responsibility, so it is important to have a strong traffic safety character. The school security patrol extracurricular in high schools/vocational schools has an important role in shaping the traffic safety character of students. The integration of traffic safety character education with school security patrol extracurriculars in high schools/vocational schools is proposed with an integration model. Modeling refers to a character education management scheme with 18 indicators in 6 schools in 4 regions with data collection using surveys and questionnaires. The resulting traffic safety character is included in the category that is still not good. The proposed integration model applies the design of the assisted school with adjustments to raw input, transformation, instrumental input, environmental input and output. The integration model is carried out by making collaborative actions between stakeholders to achieve excellent traffic safety characteristics at the high school/vocational school level.
PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU
Authors: Istijarti Atiek
Published: October 2023

The leadership type of a school principal has a significant role in improving teacher performance and the learning process in schools. This study aims to find out how the principal's leadership type influences the performance of SMPS Barunawati Surabaya teachers. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods through observation, interviews and documentation. The data obtained were tested for credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The results of the study show that the principal's leadership in efforts to improve teacher performance in generally good. Teacher performance at SMPS Barunawati Surabaya was observed based on teacher competence. Principal leadership is democratic and has made efforts to improve teacher competency through improving pedagogic, personality, social, professional, discipline, providing motivation, organizing and completing infrastructure, giving appropriate assignments and awards to teachers. This type of principal leadership can increase the commitment and skills of teachers in carrying out their duties.
MANAJEMEN BUDAYA RELIGIUS, BERPRESTASI, DAN PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Sukur Puji , Nurlaili Nurlaili , Sugeng Sugeng
Published: October 2023

This study aims to describe: 1) planning, 2) organizing, 3) implementation, 4) monitoring of religious culture, achievement, and care for the environment. This research is a qualitative research with a case study type. The research location is at SMA YPVDP Bontang. Research informants included school principals, vice principals, teachers, students, and parents. Collecting data using interview techniques, observation and document study. Data analysis uses an interactive model which includes condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Test the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the research are: 1) Planning is done before the new school year. The program is planned through environmental analysis that is adjusted to the school's vision and mission. Then make an activity plan and composition of the committee. The activity plan is discussed with the entire teacher council; 2) Organizing is done by selecting coordinators and committees. The coordinator provides facilities and infrastructure and schedules activities; 3) Implementation is carried out by instilling beliefs and assumptions in all school members about the importance of the program. The school gives awards to school members who carry out activities well. Making posters and slogans is intended to increase the motivation of school members; 4) Supervision is carried out by the school principal, vice principal, and activity coordinator. Supervision is carried out to obtain supporting and inhibiting data as well as any efforts made so that the implementation of the culture can run well.
PEMANFAATAN PLATFORM RAPOR PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA TERHADAP PERENCANAAN BERBASIS DATA
Authors: Musakirawati Musakirawati , Jemmy Jemmy , Anggriawan Ferry , Triansyah Fadli Agus , Akib Akib , Tahir Abdul
Published: October 2023

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemdikbudristek) issued an Independent Learning policy in order to achieve quality education for all Indonesian people. Quality education focuses on developing basic competencies and character to ensure students progress in learning so that they are more competent and have character. One of the Independent Learning policies that have been launched is the Educational Report platform. The Educational Report Platform that was launched, is a platform that provides data on reports on the results of the evaluation of the education system as an improvement on previous quality report platform. This research is a descriptive qualitative study to examine how the newly launched Indonesian Educational Report platform can be utilized in data-based education planning so that the planning carried out can be more targeted and the quality of education can be improved. The results of the study have shown that the use of Educational Report in data-based planning is a tool and a way to identify root causes, reflect on educational achievements, and become a material for constructive discussions with various education stakeholders to improve the quality of education.
PREDICTING TUBERCULOSIS MORBIDITY RATE IN INDONESIA USING WEIGHTED MARKOV CHAIN MODEL
Authors: Kafi Rahmat Al , Sihombing Anggia Abygail , Lestari Dian
Published: October 2023

In this work, the Weighted Markov Chain (WMC) model for time series data forecasting is examined. The Markov Chain model has been generalized in this model. In order to forecast the morbidity rate in 2021, the WMC model was used to data on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity rates in Indonesia from 2000 to 2020. The WMC model's output takes the form of a state that is represented by the interval that contains the expected morbidity. In the first stage, the simulation results of the WMC model are analyzed, with an emphasis on the number of states and the biggest step in the Markov chain. In this research, the maximum step and the number of states were combined in 10 different ways. The analysis's study revealed that the maximum step and the number of states had no impact on the predictive value of the morbidity rate. The WMC model's projections for the morbidity rate in 2021 are presented in the second stage. These forecasts are then verified by the predictions from the Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) approach, and it is concluded that these predictions are fairly consistent.
Pemodelan Pertumbuhan Kalimantan Selatan Menggunakan ARIMA Intervensi
Authors: Murjani Ahmadi
Published: October 2023

Terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 dan konflik Rusia-Ukraina memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan bagi perekonomian dunia. Kalimantan Selatan yang merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia turut mengalami dampak dari kejadian besar tersebut terutama dari pandemi Covid-19. Pertumbuhan ekonomi tahunan Kalimantan Selatan mengalami kontraksi pada tahun 2020, sebelum tumbuh kembali pada periode setelahnya. Shock yang terjadi tersebut membawa pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap proses peramalan pertumbuhan. Dengan menggunakan pemodelan ARIMA intervensi yang diterapkan pada data pertumbuhan ekonomi Kalimantan Selatan periode kuartal pertama 2011 sampai dengan kuartal ketiga 2022, penelitian ini memperoleh beberapa temuan. Pertama, pengaruh intervensi pandemi Covid-19 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kalimantan Selatan yang tergambar dari signifikansi semua parameter pada model yang digunakan. Kedua, model intervensi yang digunakan memiliki MAPE sebesar 11,24 persen yang mana memiliki keakuratan bagus. Ketiga, pertumbuhan ekonomi tahunan di Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 2023 dan 2024 diramalkan berada di kisaran 4,9 persen.
Morpho-histological Study of the Rat Spleen Post-Induction of Sodium Nitrite and Acorus calamus L. Rhizome Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Amira Siti , Febriani Husnarika , Syukriah Syukriah , Nur Faizah Ulinnuha
Published: October 2023

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is one of the most inorganic salts and is often used in processed meat products. Long-term consumption of sodium nitrite has been reported to cause of oxidative stress and spleen histological changes. Therefore, anti-oxidative effects are needed from natural ingredients such as Acorus calamus L. The study aims to determine the effect of A.calamus L. rhizome extract on anatomical structure and histological changes in the rat spleen induced with NaNO2. We used a completely randomized design with twenty-five male rats divided into 5 groups. Negative control (NC) was given 0.5% CMC for 40 days; positive control (PC) on days 1-15 was given NaNO2 (50 mg/kg BW); on days 16-30 given (50 mg/kg BW) NaNO2 + 0.5% CMC and on days 31-40 given 0,5% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). Treatment 1 (T1), Treatment 2 (T2), and Treatment 3 (T3) on days 1-15 were given NaNO2 doses of 50 mg; and; on days 16-30, groups T1, T2, and T3 were given NaNO2 + extract with each predetermined dose (250 mg/kg BW for T1, 500 mg/kg BW for T2, and 750 mg/kg BW for T3). For days 31-40 groups T1, T2, and T3 were given extracts with each predetermined dose. Results revealed that the extract of the A. calamus L. rhizome affects weight, length, and width of the spleen (P<0.05); and bleeding lesions; while having no noticeable effect (P<0.05) and having a noticeable effect on the area of the white pulp (P<0.05). Administration of ethanol extract of A. calamus L. at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW has an impact on improving spleen length; a dose of 500 mg/kg BW has an impact on the weight and length of the spleen; and a dose of 750 mg / kg BW has an impact on improving spleen length, but the size variation is still in the normal category. While extracts at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW have a repair impact on tissue shrinkage in damaged white pulp.
FITeens Toolkit. Tervisega seotud käitumiste edendamine hariduslikus kontekstis
Authors: García-González Luis , Abós Ángel , Sanz-Remacha María , Burgueño-Mengíbar Rafael , Diloy-Peña Sergio , Mayo-Rota Carlos , García-Cazorla Javier , Sevil-Serrano Javier , Pérez-Ovejero Daniel , Álvarez Testillano Isabel , de Pablo González Nuria , Sanz Prieto Mariano , de Pablo González Gema , Rodríguez Fernández Saturio , Adelaar Dylan , de Bakker Tessa , Tilga Henri , Koka Andre , Cid Luis , Rodrigues Filipe , Carvalho Gonçalo , Rodrigués José , Szymánski Tomasz , Leinonen Janne , Karhapää Henna
Published: October 2023

Lapsed ja noorukid omandavad kasvades erinevad harjumused. Mõned neist harjumustest on tervisega tihedalt seotud, seega võib tervislike harjumuste omandamine aidata neil tulevikus elada tervislikku ja rahulikku elu, samas kui halvad harjumused võivad olla neile kahjulikud. Seetõttu on oluline, et haridusasutused aitaksid kaasa noortel tervislike harjumuste omandamisel. Projekti FITeens (Kehalise aktiivsuse ja tervislike harjumuste edendamine istuvatel teismelistel) eesmärk on katsetada meelelahutuslikku ja kaasahaaravat hariduslikku sekkumist, mis on suunatud teismelistele, et edendada nende kehalist aktiivsust ja tervislikke harjumusi. Projekti esimene tulemus sisaldab suurel hulgal kehalise kasvatuse õpetajatele mõeldud ideid, ressursse, praktikaid ja näiteid õpilaste kaasamisel õppetöösse seoses erinevate tervisega seotud võtmekäitumistega (kehaline aktiivsus, piisav uni, mõõdukas ekraaniaeg, alkoholi ja tubaka tarbimine ning tervislik toitumine). See tööriistakomplekt koosneb kolmest erinevast moodulist: 1.High Kool kui tõhus keskkond tervislike eluviiside edendamiseks. See moodul käsitleb kooli tähtsust noorukite tervislike harjumuste omandamisel. 2. Motivatsioon kui kehalise aktiivsuse edendamise võti. See moodul keskendub motivatsiooni tähtsusele tervislike harjumuste omandamisel. 3. Tervisega seotud käitumine noortel. See moodul keskendub ülalmainitud peamistele tervisega seotud käitumisviisidele (kehaline aktiivsus, piisav uni, mõõdukas ekraaniaeg, alkoholi ja tubaka tarbimine ning tervisliku toidu tarbimine), kirjeldades neid kõiki põhjalikult. Kõik need moodulid on pühendatud erinevatele ülalmainitud tervisega seotud käitumisviisidele. Igaühe puhul on esitatud teoreetiline selgitus, selgitavad videod, infograafika ja õpisituatsioonid, mis aitavad kehalise kasvatuse õpetajatel omandada laialdasi teadmisi selle kohta, kuidas motiveerida oma õpilasi tegelema kehalise tegevusega ja omandama tervislikke harjumusi, teadvustades neile nende käitumisviiside tähtsust.
Pre-service Teachers’ Reflections on Prior Experiences of Learning Social Studies
Authors: Al-Nofli Mohammed Abdullah , Saleh Alajmi Mohammed , Al-Saeedi Mohammed Salim
Published: October 2023

Reflection on prior learning experience is important for the professional development of pre-service teachers. Yet, little attention has been paid to how prior learning experiences influence pre-service teachers’ instructional practices. The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service teachers’ prior learning experiences of social studies and how they influence their instructional practices. This study involved a sample of 108 pre-service teachers in one teacher education institution in Oman. Qualitative data were gathered through online open-ended surveys and unstructured interviews. The findings indicated that pre-service teachers had been subject to a wide range of positive and negative experiences relating to their teachers, teaching and learning, and the subject. Given some issues in participants’ statements on memorization, overloaded content, and limited outdoor activities, it appeared that textbook-centered instruction dominated social studies classrooms. The findings from the interviews revealed that prior learning experiences influenced pre-service teachers’ instructional practices in three ways, encouraging them to: implement student-centered approaches, care about student engagement, and develop student interest in the subject. The study showed evidence that although participants associated their teachers with both positive and negative learning experiences, the teacher played a key role in shaping their prior learning experience and instructional practices.
Analisis Perbandingan Produktivitas Alat Pancang Drop Hammer dan Jack in Pile Proyek Pembangunan SMAN 14 Samarinda
Authors: Siregar Adde Currie , Yatnikasari Santi , Agustina Fitriyati , Vebrian Vebrian , Jalil Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Seiring perkembangan proyek konstruksi, banyak alat-alat yang diciptakan dan dikembangkan untuk membantu dan mempermudah aktivitas dalam pengerjaan proyek konstruksi. Dalam pemilihan alat sangat perlu direncanakan dengan tepat dan cermat sesuai dengan keadaan proyek dan kemampuan pekerja. Salah satu alat yang umum dipakai pada proyek bangunan tinggi adalah alat pancang untuk pengerjaan fondasi. Pada proyek pembangunan SMAN 14 Samarinda digunakan alat pancang drop hammer dan jack in pile. Penelitian ini membahas produktivitas dan beberapa strategi untuk meningkatkan durasi peralatan tiang pancang. Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari proyek berupa data waktu siklus alat pancang. Dari analisis diketahui nilai produktivitas rata-rata alat pancang jack in pile sebesar 2,19 dan drop hammer sebesar 1,20. Dari produktivitas tersebut alat pancang jack in pile lebih efisien dibanding alat drop hammer. Alat pancang drop hammer dipilih karena relatif murah dan jack in pile dipilih karena metode ini menggunakan tekanan statis tanpa menimbulkan dampak negatif (kebisingan dan getaran) bagi penduduk di sekitar proyek selama proses pemancangan. Alat pancang yang digunakan harus mengutamakan aspek-aspek yang bernilai ekonomis dan tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat
Pengaruh Limbah Batu Bata Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton
Authors: Yulian Hanifah , Carlo Nasfryzal , Khaidir Indra
Published: October 2023

Batu bata merupakan bahan bangunan yang umum yang dipakai oleh masyarakat untuk membuat suatu bangunan. Namun tidak semua batu bata tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan apabila tidak sesuai ukuran atau mengalami retak atau pecah sehingga menjadi limbah dan tidak dapat didaur ulang. Hal ini sering terjadi dan dibiarkan saja oleh masyarakat sehingga kadang kala menumpuk atau dijadikan bahan timbunan saja. Dilakukan penelitian bagaimana batu bata yang sudah menjadi limbah tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan kembali untuk menjadi substitusi agregat halus pada beton normal dengan mutu beton fc’20 dikarenakan dalam kandungan batu bata terdapat kandungan silika berkisar antara 55%-65%. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Sipil Universitas Bung Hatta, metodeaeksperimen rancangan campuran beton fc’20 dengan standar yang berlaku. Variasi rancangan campuran limbah batu bata adalah 0%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16% dan 17% dengan mengacu pada penelitian terdahulu. Pengujian kuat tekan untuk mutu fc’20 dilakukan umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari.  Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan pada umur 7 dan 14 hari dengan substitusi batu bata 0% menghasilkan kuat tekan beton 13,16 MPa dan 13,59 MPa. Pada umura28 hari kuatatekan berturut-turut dengan komposisi campuran batu bata pada 13%, 14%, 15 %, 16% dan 17% pada menghasilkan kuat tekan 20,24 MPa, 22,22 MPa, 22,79 MPa, 20,24 MPa, 18,54 MPa, dan 17,13 MPa. Berdasarkan temuan ini disimpulkan bahwa limbah batu bata dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti agregat halus dalam pembuatanabeton dengan komposisi optimum pada 14%. Campuran limbah batu bata yang masih layak untuk menghasilkan mutu beton fc’ 20 pada komposisi 13%, 14%, dan 15%.
Higiene bucal y dentición funcional en pacientes con comorbilidad que acuden a consulta a clínica de diagnóstico de Ciudad Universitaria
Authors: García-Jau Rosa Alicia , Villalobos-Rodelo Juan José , Salazar-Naranjo Angela Nataly , Gastelum-García Valeria Guadalupe , Zarate-Depraect Nikell Esmeralda , Benítez-Pascual Julio , Moreno-Terrazas Efigenia
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Estimar el grado de higiene bucal y dentición funcional de pacientes con comorbilidad . Metodología: Estudio transversal, observacional, prolectivo. Grado de Higiene se calculó con Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado recomendada por la OMS. La dentición funcional con criterios de la OMS. Análisis estadístico, estimaron medidas de frecuencia y porcentaje para variables categóricas y tendencia central y dispersión para las cuantitativas; para establecer diferencias entre los grupos se consideró una p<0.05 en las prue-bas de CHI2 de Pearson y ANOVA. Se utilizó SPSS 26 ®. Resultados: 251 pacientes, promedio de edad 19 a 91 años. 30.3% hom-bres (n=79) el 69.7% mujeres (n= 182). El IHOS fue 0.88 ± 0.81 valores mínimos 0.00 y 5.17 máximo; hombres mayor promedio de IHOS que mujeres (0.99 vs 0.84) con p>0.05, “mayores de 80 años” mayor promedio de IHOS (p>0.05). El 47.5% (n= 124) se clasificó como “Buena higiene” solo el 1.1% (N=3) “Mala higiene”. Prevalencia de dentición funcional 64.4%, similar en ambos sexos 67.6% masculino, 69.8% femenino; respecto a la edad grupo de 61 a 70 años presentó la prevalencia más baja. Los pacientes diabéticos presentaron mayor porcentaje de ausencia de dentición funcional en comparación con los no diabéticos e igualmente con los hiperten-sos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes presentaron buena higiene bucal y en promedio una buena dentición funcional. Palabras Clave: Higiene bucal, dentición funcional, comorbilidad.
Implementation of the Phonetic Method Using Video Media to Enhance Maharah Kalam
Authors: Bella Sinta , Maskud Maskud , Maulana Asep
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the impact of implementing the Phonetic Method with Video Media on improving Maharah Kalam. It explores how this method influences the development of Maharah Kalam a'dho, with a focus on the differences between using video media and conventional teaching materials. Qualitative research methods, including observation, interviews, and documentation, were employed, utilizing a case study approach at the Arab Markaz PP Bustanul Ulum Mlokorejo-Puger-Jember. The findings indicate varying stages in the application of the phonetic method, influenced by the choice of media, concepts, and teaching materials. While some classes employ video media, others rely on conventional methods, affecting the strategies employed by instructors. Notably, the study reveals that the use of video media with materials from native speakers may present challenges in enhancing Maharah Kalam due to a perceived decrease in intensity. It's important to note that this research exclusively focuses on a'dho' banat and does not cover a'dho' banin, emphasizing the impact of the phonetic method with or without video media on the development of Maharah Kalam a'dho'.
Spectroscopic Study of Copper Plasma Produced by Fundamental Nd: YAG Laser by LIBS
Authors: Raheem Safa Abdul Kareem , Hatif Sami Abd Al-Hussein , Ali Alaa Hussein
Published: October 2023

Background:

    The effect of laser wavelength on the analytical results obtained from LIBS by Nd: YAG laser diagnostics to copper element is experimentally investigated by Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. The temperature and density of electrons in copper plasma are calculated under (LTE) conditions.

Materials and Methods:

Various copper transitions were obtained. Identification of transition lines from the spectrum is carried out by comparing spectral lines with NIST atomic database. The results after performing the analysis were compared with (NIST) database.

Results:

 The result showed that the various wavelengths obtained from the copper target tare with significant compatibility with the same wavelengths from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Conclusion:

 LIBS technique proved to be a precise and accurate tool for calculating electron temperature and electron number density, the presence of different elements with very low tolerance, and diagnosing their concentrations.
Radiation Pollution Hazard Indices in Hospitals of Hilla City/Iraq
Authors: Laken H. A.
Published: October 2023

Background

            High radiation is a double-edged sword, may be a treatment for some diseases also it may be dangerous when exposed to it in large doses for long periods of time, hospitals are a good example of this,  hospitals are cure for patients and at the same time its considered a disease for their workers. 

Materials and Methods:

Giger-Muller instrument counter was used to calculate the level of radioactivity emanating from three hospitals in Babel / Al-Hillah. Radioactivity was measured in different areas of each hospital, especially the X-ray departments, accelerators and CT-scan room.

Results:

The result is that the data we obtained were within the permissible exposure levels. Determine the most radioactive areas in the study area, the highest value was recorded in (0.90 mSv) in X-ray device in Hilla Surgical Hospital and the lowest dose was (0.015 mSv) in the X-ray device in Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital.

Conclusion:

         Several samples investigated were less than the safe limits recommended by WHO in some respects.
Assessment of Soil to Cassava Transfer Factor of Radionuclides in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ejoh Ejiro Francess , Essiett Aniesua A. , Atat Joseph Gordian , Inam Edu J. , Essien Imeh E. , Bede Mfon Celestine , Benjamin Emem Uduak
Published: October 2023

Background:

This research was conducted to estimate the activity concentration level of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soil and cassava and determine the transfer factor from soil to cassava in Ughelli North, Delta State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

These were examined using gamma spectrometry and considering a lead-shielded 3 x 3inch coaxial type Sodium Iodide Thallium doped detector.

Results:

The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th are 45.49 ± 4.28 BqKg−1, 3.15 ± 0.77 BqKg−1 and 0.56 ± 0.06 BqKg−1 respectively in soil samples and 134.08 ± 11.59 BqKg−1, 3.89 ± 0.93 BqKg−1 and 0.81 ± 0.09 BqKg−1 correspondingly in cassava samples. The mean transfer factor of 40K, 238U and 232Th from soil to cassava are 3.44 ± 0.75, 1.94 ± 0.32 and 1.34 ± 0.54 respectively. Peak values of the TF were noted as 8.52 for 40K at U18, D18, 25.58 for 238U at U12, D12 and 5.71 for 232Th at U11, D11.

Conclusion:

The activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the area are lower than the world average values. Consequently, it will not pose any radiological hazard if consumed. The high value of Transfer factor is attributed to the richness of the organic matter in the soil and may indicate high ability to transfer radionuclides in the soil to food crops but from the concentration information, these radionuclides present in the soil are low as well as annual effective doses. There is no radiological risk of ingestion.
Identifikasi Telur Fasciola sp. Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Koprologi dan Efektivitas Albendazole pada Sapi Limosin
Authors: Sholekhah Salma Salas , Shelly Kusumarini
Published: October 2023

Fasciolosis merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan gangguan pencernaan dan penurunan produktivitas ternak ruminansia seperti sapi, kerbau, kambing dan domba. Dampak infeksi Fasciolosis pada ternak adalah menurunnya berat badan, terdapatnya lesi pada hepar, rusaknya hepar akibat sirosis hingga kematian. Infeksi Fasciolosis dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi apabila tidak dilakukan pengobatan dengan tepat. Pengobatan infeksi Fasciola sp. dapat menggunakan antelmintik seperti albendazole atau nitroxinil. Sapi ras limosin yang berada di peternakan rakyat desa Kucur, Kabupaten Malang terdiri atas dua ekor sapi betina yang berumur 1,5 dan 2 tahun yang berada dalam satu kandang. Dilakukan pemeriksaan feses pada kedua sapi menggunakan metode natif. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan feses yang dilakukan, ditemukan adanya telur cacing pada sapi betina berumur 1,5 tahun. Metode dilanjutkan menggunakan Parfitt and Banks untuk mengkonfirmasi telur Fasciola sp. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan telur bentuk oval, terdapat operculum dan berwarna kuning keemasan. Sapi yang terinfeksi Fascilosis diberikan terapi albendazole. Dilakukan pemeriksaan feses pada hari ke 0, 3 dan 7 post terapi. Efek dari pemberian albendazole terhadap sapi ras limosin yang terinfeksi Fasciola sp. mencapai 100% pada hari ke-7 dengan tidak ditemukannya telur didalam feses.
An Innovative Architecture of DRAM PUF
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Manoj Sindhwani  , Sachdeva Shippu
Published: October 2023

Cryptographic solutions based on traditional authentication methods are susceptible to several attacks on secret keys. Dynamic random access memory (DRAM)-based physical unclonable functions (PUF) are described as promising security building blocks to enable cryptography and authentication services. PUFs frequently suffer reliability concerns since they are sensitive to both internal and exterior noises. The need for enhanced resistance and dependability results in significant additional overheads. In this work, we proposed a DRAM-PUF based on the inclusion of selective hardware features in the computation. The proposed solution offers a higher number of challenge-response pairs (CRP) without additional circuitry. An innovative structure of PUF is presented in the paper which offers a reliable challenge-response pair module for authentication and authorization based on the ubiquitous nature of memory without the need for an additional circuit. DRAM PUF utilized the random startup value initialized by a capacitor followed by a random number generator. Our proposed PUF shows a reliability of 99.46% with temperature variation, a reliability of 99.5% with supply voltage variation, a uniqueness of 49.46%, a bit aliasing of 46.875%, and a uniformity of 47.65%.
Multiplexer Based Error Efficient Fixed-Width Adder Tree Design for Signal Processing Applications
Authors: Rashmi Seethur  , Deeksha Sudarshan  , Vaibhavi Naik  , Tushar Masur  , Shreedhar H K
Published: October 2023

In copious mixed media applications, humans cannot necessarily discern error free or erroneous outputs, owing to the small range of perception abilities. Crucial information can still be obtained from marginally inexact outputs. Leveraging this, many algorithms such as Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Motion Compensation (MC) use approximate calculations while still maintaining appreciable computation accuracy. When data processing algorithms are taken into consideration, adders play an important role in the arithmetic module by managing the power and area utilization of the system. A fixed-width adder tree design for approximate calculations is proposed, that uses the trade-off between area and accuracy as the base for analysis. Our design uses 12.42%, 18.17% and 5.05% lesser area compared to the full width adder tree, FX-AT-PT and FX-AT-DT respectively. Additionally, when compared to FX-AT-DT, TFX-AT and ITFX-AT, the proposed design has an improved Maximum Error Distance (MED) of (33.33%, 29.03%), (63.64%, 65.63%) and (38.46%, 35.29%) for N = 8, 16 respectively. To cope with the inaccuracy caused by truncation, the proposed design employs mux-based radix-4 addition coupled with bias estimation. Further, to examine the error performance we have incorporated the proposed design and a few other existing designs into the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT), to process images with different metrics and compare the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the images. It was observed that the proposed design showed significant improvement in the PSNR score when compared to ITFX-AT and maintains a score similar to that of FX-AT-PT.
Revealing the Effectiveness of Government Intern Control Systems in Cash Management for Fraud Prevention
Authors: Fadilah Alma , Sokarina Ayudia , Lenap Indria Puspitasari
Published: October 2023

This study aims to reveal the potential for fraud in the Internal Control System for cash receipts and disbursements conducted by BPS Regency X. The research method used is descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The informants in this study consisted of three people, namely the head of the general subdivision who doubled as the official signing the payment order, the commitment making officier, and the expenditure treasurer of BPS Regency X. The results of this study indicate that BPS Regency X is good at managing its cash, judging from implementation of the Government Internal Control System which is in accordance with the provisions of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 60 of 2008 which identifies that there is no potential for fraud related to receipts and disbursements cash at BPS Regency X
Analisis Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Struktur Modal Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Sagita Rani Miranda , Negara Iwan Kusuma , Kusmayadi Iwan
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of Profitability, Liquidity, Company Size and Dividend Policy on Firm Value with Capital Structure as a moderating variable in property and real estate sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period. The type of research used is associative research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study are all property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange totaling 83 companies. Sampling in this study using the method purposive sampling with certain criteria, namely as many as 8 companies. The analytical tools used are descriptive statistical tests, classic assumption tests, hypothesis testing and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that Profitability (ROA) and Dividend Policy (DPR) have a not significant positive effect on Firm Value (PBV), Liquidity (CR) have an insignificant negative effect on Firm Value and Firm Size (SIZE) have a significant negative effect on firm value. Capital Structure (DER) is not able to moderate the effect of Profitability, Liquidity and Firm Size on Firm Value. However, it is able to moderate the effect of dividend policy on firm value
Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum Konvensional Dengan Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Menggunakan Metode RGEC Periode 2018-2022
Authors: Ramdan Putri Awaliana , Husnan Lalu Hamdani , Hidayati Siti Aisyah
Published: October 2023

This research aims to determine the differences in financial performance between Conventional Commercial Banks and Sharia Commercial Banks for the 2018-2022 period using the RGEC method which consists of Risk profile, Good corporate governance, Earnings and Capital. Risk Profile is proxied using the Non Performing Loans (NPL) ratio and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) for BUK and Non Performing Financing (NPF) and Financial to Deposit Ratio (FDR) for BUS, GCG is proxied using the GCG self assessment composite value, Earnings are proxied using Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM) for BUK and Net Operating Margin (NOM) for BUS and BOPO, and Capital is proxied using the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The sample used in this research consisted of 10 Conventional Commercial Banks and 7 Sharia Commercial Banks. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling method based on predetermined criteria. The data analysis techniques used in this research are descriptive statistics, normality test, and Independent Sample t-Test. The results of the research show that there are significant differences between Conventional Commercial Banks and Sharia Commercial Banks in the financial performance ratios of NPL/NPF, ROA, ROE, NIM and BOPO. Meanwhile, in terms of LDR/FDR, GCG and CAR financial performance ratios, there are no significant differences between Conventional Commercial Banks and Sharia Commercial Banks.
Buku Ajar: Dasar-Dasar Penyiaran
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Islam Bandung, Fardiah Dedeh
Published: October 2023

Penyiaran merupakan salah satu komponen yang dipelajari dalam Ilmu Komunikasi karena penyiaran merupakan salah satu dari kegiatan komunikasi massa. Penyiaran adalah subdisiplin komunikasi terapan yang secara khusus menangani kompresi pesan melalui media elektronik seperti televisi, radio, dan internet. Sebagai orang komunikasi, penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana batasan subjek dari kegiatan penyiaran. Oleh karena itu, mari kita memahami apa saja yang menjadi ruang lingkup penyiaran dalam ilmu komunikasi.
Profile Analysis of Small and Marginal Farmers
Authors:   Deputy Agricultural Officer Department of Agricultural Extension Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, P VIJAYARAGHAVAN , D SOMASUNDARAM ,   Assitant Professor of Agricultural Extension, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

An attempt has been made to evaluate the socio personal, socio-psychological cha racteristics and communicate variables of small and marginal farmers. The study revealed that the (i) farm size was the basis for classification, small farmers scored more farn size score than marginal farmers. (i) Small farmers were high in the socio-economic status than marginal farmers. (ii) small farmers had more contact with Extension Agency than marginal farmers. (iv) small farmers had better market perception than marginal farmers. (v) small farmers were high in economic motivation than marginal and (vi) small farmers had better credibility for Personal cosmopolite channels and Personal localite channels than marginal farmers.
Effect of Levels and Times of Nitrogen Application on Pear Millet Under Rainfed Conditions
Authors:   Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, R.C GAUTAM
Published: October 2023

An experiment was conducted at the Regional Station of Indian Agricultural Rese arch Institute, Coimbatore during Rabi seasons of 1974 and 1975 to study the effect of levels and times of nitrogen application on hybrid pearl-millet under rainfed condi- tions. It is evident from these results that pearl-millet may be grown in rebi season in Tamil Nadu. Pearl-millet responded up to 80 kg nitrogen per hectare. Split application of nitrogen proved superior over application of full amount of nitrogen at planting. Two splits i.e. half Not planting and remaing half 3 weeks after planting or three splits i.e. half N at planting, one-fourth 3 weeks after and remaining one-fourth-6 weeks after planting proved superior to the split where half N was applied at planting and another half 6 weeks after planting.
Different Nutrient Ratios and Their Effect on Drymatter Accumulation in Sorghum Crop Due to Application of Organically Complexed Iron
Authors:   Assitant Agriculture Chemistry Cotton Research Station,Srivilliputtur, FRANCIS HONORA J. , C.K RAJAGOPAL ,   Professor of Head, Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.K KRISHNAMOORTHY ,   Dean (Agriculture), Agricultural College & Research Institute Madurai
Published: October 2023

The results of a pot experimant to study the effect of organically complexed iron on different nutrient ratios in sorghum crop revealed that there were significant negative relationships between Ca/Fe ratios as well as P/Fe ratio and drymatter yield of 30 and 60 day old plants, grain and straw. There were significant positive relation- ships between Fe/Mn. Fe/Zn and Fe/Cu and dry matter yields of 30 and 60 day old plants, grain and straw. There was no significant relationship between K/Ca ratio and drymatter yield of 30 and 60 day old plants, grain and straw.
Efficacy of Different Mulches in Conserving Soil Moisture in Black Soil
Authors:   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry Land Agriculture Kovilpatti, K SUBBIAH , D RAJ ,   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry Land Agriculture Kovilpatti, A.A DASON ,   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry Land Agriculture Kovilpatti, N.M THYAGARAJAN ,   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry Land Agriculture Kovilpatti
Published: October 2023

Investigations were carried out at the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, Kovilpatti, to study the effect of mulching on soil moisture. Though the effectiveness of mulching in conserving soil moisture is well understood. its effect on the yield of cotton (MCU. 6) Kapas is still not quite clear. Among the various treatments no one particular mulch was outstanding in any of the 3 years in conserving soil moisture in blacksoil.
Control of Rice Stem Borer, Try poryza incertulas Walk. with Water Surface Application of Granular Insecticides
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K SAIVARAJ , M.S VENUGOPAL ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Application of mephostolan granules at 0.75 kg a.l./ha was found to be effective in checking the stem borer both at the vegetative and panicle bearing stage. The commence- ment of the insecticidal application either at 15th or 20th day after transplanting and re- peated three times at 20 days interval was found to give better check of the stem borer.
Relationship Between Ambient Temperature and Soil Temperature at Different Moisture Levels
Authors:   Scientist S-1 Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, K KAILASA NATHAN
Published: October 2023

In dryland agriculture the establishment of the crop is important. It is, depen- dent on germination and seedling growth which are affected by ambient temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture. A simple correlation between these factors have been worked out. There was hardly any difference between the ambient and soil tem- perature during the khari! (monsoon season). In rabi (winter season) the soil temper- ature was lower than the ambient temperature by several degrees. Soil moisture influ- enced this relationship. During summer season the ambient temperature and soil temper- ature correlated strongly.
Changes in the Labour Share in the Total Output of Farms in Hissar District
Authors:   Associate Professsor & Head Department of Statistics and Mathematics, A.P.A.U Rajendranagar Hyderabad, G NAGESWARA RAO , A.S KAHLON ,   Associate Professsor & Head Department of Statistics and Mathematics, A.P.A.U Rajendranagar Hyderabad
Published: October 2023

The study revealed that such non-mechanical inputs as fertilizers. on the impact of green revolution on labour shave, manures, seeds, pesticides etc. required more labour whereas mechanical inputs like farm machinery, pump sets etc.. required less labour in farm production. Since the Green Revolution brought in more use of both non- mechanical and mechanical inputs, the net effect was found to be reduction of labour in share in the total output. which was the order of 10.01 per cent. If the Green Revolution spreads to other parts of India, the reduction of labour share in the total output might be considerable. Hence the surplus labour may have to be diverted to small scale industries in rural areas. This has to be given due thought by policy makers.
Combining Ability in Sorghum
Authors:   Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, C.S Azad University of Agriculture & technology, Kanpur 208 002, A.N SRIVASTAVA , K.P SINGH ,   Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, C.S Azad University of Agriculture & technology, Kanpur 208 002, A.R MISHRA ,   Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, C.S Azad University of Agriculture & technology, Kanpur 208 002, H.G SINGH ,   Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, C.S Azad University of Agriculture & technology, Kanpur 208 002
Published: October 2023

The nature and magnitude of combining ability effects in 36 crosses of Sorghum involving two male sterile lines with 18 pollinators were studied in respect of yield per plant and other yield contributing charecters. The estimate of variance due to g.c.a. of the male was higher in almost all the charectors, indicating there- by the involvement of additive gene action. The parent 906 was proved to be the best general combiner followed by T 8 B and T 22 for yield per plant. The combination msck 60 A x 906 had the highest s,c.a, effects for yield plant. The crosses, manifesting high s.c.a. effects involved low X high, high x high and low X low general combining parents which pointed out the dominant. additive and complementary type of gene action.
Effect of Advanced Sowing of Intercrops and Nitrogen Levels on Yield Components of Rainfed Sunflower
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, V.P CHANDRASEKAR , Y.B MORACHAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of advancing the sowing of intercrops in rainfed sunflower under different nitrogen levels. Pure crop of sunflower recorded the maximum yield. Yield of sunflower was reduced when cowpes or groundnut was grown as an intercrop and the reduction increased with the period of advancement of intercrops. An extra dose of 10 kg N/ha in addition to the recommended dose of 30 kg N/ha recorded the maximum yield.