bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiR-31 improves spinal cord injury in mice by promoting the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Cao Lili , Du Ruochen , Tian Feng , Li Xiao , Yuan Yitong , Wang Chunfang
Published: September 2022

Background

Stem cell transplantation therapy is a potential approach for the repair of spinal cord injuries and other neurodegenerative diseases, but its effectiveness is hampered by the low rate of targeted migration of cells to the area of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of miR-31 on the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the regulation of MMP-2 and CXCR4 expression in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

eGFP-expressing BMSCs were isolated and cultured for subsequent experiments. The experiments were divided into three groups: control group, miR-31agomir group, and miR-31antagomir group. Proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry; cell migration in vitro was analyzed using wound-healing and transwell assays. The mouse SCI model was prepared by the impact method, and cells were transplanted (3 groups, 12 per group). Relevant inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The BMS score was used to evaluate the functional recovery of the mouse spinal cord and the frozen section was used to analyze the cell migration ability in vivo. The in vitro and in vivo expression levels of MMP-2 and CXCR4 were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.

Results

In vitro experiments showed that cells in the miR-31agomir group exhibited enhanced cell proliferation (P<0.05, P<0.001) and migration (P<0.001) and upregulated protein expression levels of CXCR4 (P<0.01) and MMP-2 (P<0.001) compared with cells in the control group. The results of in vivo experiments showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory factors was reduced after cell transplantation treatment. Cells in the miR-31agomir group showed enhanced cell-targeted migration ability (P<0.001), improved the function of damaged tissues (P<0.001), and upregulated CXCR4 and MMP-2 expression compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Our experiment demonstrated that miR-31 could promote the migration of BMSCs and miR-31 could repair and improve the function of damaged tissues in SCI.
Comparing forms of neighborhood instability as predictors of violence in Richmond, VA
Authors: West Samuel J. , Bishop Diane , Chapman Derek A. , Thomson Nicholas D.
Published: September 2022

Violence events tend to cluster together geospatially. Various features of communities and their residents have been highlighted as explanations for such clustering in the literature. One reliable correlate of violence is neighborhood instability. Research on neighborhood instability indicates that such instability can be measured as property tax delinquency, yet no known work has contrasted external and internal sources of instability in predicting neighborhood violence. To this end we collected data on violence events, company and personal property tax delinquency, population density, race, income, food stamps, and alcohol outlets for each of Richmond, Virginia’s 148 neighborhoods. We constructed and compared ordinary least-squares (OLS) to geographically weighted regression (GWR) models before constructing a final algorithm-selected GWR model. Our results indicated that the tax delinquency of company-owned properties (e.g., rental homes, apartments) was the only variable in our model (R2 = 0.62) that was associated with violence in all but four Richmond neighborhoods. We replicated this analysis using violence data from a later point in time which yielded largely identical results. These findings indicate that external sources of neighborhood instability may be more important to predicting violence than internal sources. Our results further provide support for social disorganization theory and point to opportunities to expand this framework.
Anemia in female patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Sekiguchi Koji , Ishizuchi Kei , Takizawa Tsubasa , Motegi Haruhiko , Oyama Munenori , Nakahara Jin , Suzuki Shigeaki
Published: September 2022

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, and is more common in women than in men. Anemia is also more common in women. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with anemia and the negative impact of anemia in female MG patients. We investigated factors related to MG and anemia in 215 female patients with MG, who were attending the MG clinic of Keio Hospital between January and December 2021. We statistically evaluated clinical factors related to anemia in patients with and without anemia. Eighty-five patients (40%) had anemia in the past, and 130 patients did not have anemia in the past. There were no significant differences in age at study, age at MG onset, body mass index, or frequency of autoantibodies between the anemia and non-anemia groups. MG severity evaluated by the MG Foundation of America classification was greater in the anemia group than in the non-anemia group. History of anemia was associated with immunosuppressive treatment, such as prednisolone and calcineurin inhibitor treatment. There was a correlation between hemoglobin levels and the MG-quality of life score. Long term immunosuppressive therapy can cause anemia in female MG patients. Anemia may negatively affect the quality of life of female MG patients.
Visual assessment of interactions among resuscitation activity factors in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest using a machine learning model
Authors: Kawai Yasuyuki , Okuda Hirozumi , Kinoshita Arisa , Yamamoto Koji , Miyazaki Keita , Takano Keisuke , Asai Hideki , Urisono Yasuyuki , Fukushima Hidetada
Published: September 2022

Aim

The evaluation of the effects of resuscitation activity factors on the outcome of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) requires consideration of the interactions among these factors. To improve OHCA success rates, this study assessed the prognostic interactions resulting from simultaneously modifying two prehospital factors using a trained machine learning model.

Methods

We enrolled 8274 OHCA patients resuscitated by emergency medical services (EMS) in Nara prefecture, Japan, with a unified activity protocol between January 2010 and December 2018; patients younger than 18 and those with noncardiogenic cardiopulmonary arrest were excluded. Next, a three-layer neural network model was constructed to predict the cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 at one month based on 24 features of prehospital EMS activity. Using this model, we evaluated the prognostic impact of continuously and simultaneously varying the transport time and the defibrillation or drug-administration time in the test data based on heatmaps.

Results

The average class sensitivity of the prognostic model was more than 0.86, with a full area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.94 (95% confidence interval of 0.92–0.96). By adjusting the two time factors simultaneously, a nonlinear interaction was obtained between the two adjustments, instead of a linear prediction of the outcome.

Conclusion

Modifications to the parameters using a machine-learning-based prognostic model indicated an interaction among the prognostic factors. These findings could be used to evaluate which factors should be prioritized to reduce time in the trained region of machine learning in order to improve EMS activities.
Geographic proximity to primary care providers as a risk-assessment criterion for quality performance measures
Authors: Bell Nathaniel , Lòpez-De Fede Ana , Cai Bo , Brooks John
Published: September 2022

Importance

Previous studies have found a mixed association between Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) designation and improvements in primary care quality indicators, including avoidable pediatric emergency department (ED) encounters. Whether these associations persist after accounting for the geographic locations of providers relative to where patients reside is unknown.

Objective

To examine the association between geographic proximity to primary care providers versus hospitals and risk of avoidable and potentially avoidable ED visits among children with pre-existing diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or asthma.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of a panel of pediatric Medicaid claims data from the South Carolina from 2016–2018 for 2,959 beneficiaries having a pre-existing diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD, ages 6–12) and 6,390 beneficiaries with asthma (MMA, ages 5–18), as defined using Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures. We calculated differences in avoidable and potentially avoidable ED visits by the beneficiary’s PCMH attribution type and in relation to differences in proximity to their primary care providers versus hospitals. Outcomes were defined using the New York University Emergency Department Algorithm (NYU-EDA). Differences in ED visit risk were assessed using generalized estimation equations and compared using marginal effects models.

Results

The 2.4 percentage point reduction in risk of avoidable ED visits among children in the ADD cohort who attended a PCMH versus those who did not increased to 3.9 to 7.2 percentage points as relative proximity to primary care providers versus hospitals improved (p < 0.01). Children in the ADD and MMA cohorts that were enrolled in a medical home, but did not attend one for primary care services exhibited a 5.4 and 3.0 percentage point increase in avoidable ED visit compared to children who were unenrolled and did not attend medical homes (p < 0.05), but these differences were only observed when geographic proximity to hospitals was more convenient than primary care providers. Mixed findings were observed for potentially avoidable visits.

Conclusions

In several health care performance evaluations, patient-centered medical homes have not been found to reduce differences in hospital utilization for conditions that are treatable in primary care settings among children with chronic illnesses. Analytical approaches that also consider geographic proximity to health care services can identify performance benefits of medical homes. Expanding risk-adjustment models to also include geographic data would benefit ongoing quality improvement initiatives.
Colorectal cancer-associated SNP rs17042479 is involved in the regulation of NAF1 promoter activity
Authors: Olsson Josephine B. , Gugerel Marietta B. , Jessen Stine B. , Jørgensen Jannie , Gögenur Ismail , Hansen Camilla , Kirkeby Lene T. , Olsen Jørgen , Pedersen Ole B. V. , Vestlev Peter M. , Dahlgaard Katja , Troelsen Jesper T.
Published: September 2022

A novel risk locus at 4q32.2, located between the Nuclear Assembly Factor 1 (NAF1) and Follistatin Like 5 (FSTL5) genes, was associated with increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), with SNP rs17042479 being the most associated. However, the link between CRC development and the risk locus at 4q32.2 is unknown. We investigated the promoter activity of NAF1 and FSTL5 and analyzed the risk locus at 4q32.2 as gene regulatory region. Our results showed that the activity of the FSTL5 promoter was low compared to the NAF1 promoter. Analyses of the NAF1 promoter in conjunction with the region containing the risk locus at 4q32.2 showed that the region functions as gene regulatory region with repressor activity on NAF1 promoter activity. The SNP rs17042479(G) increased the repressor effect of the region. CRC patients’ biopsies were genotyped for SNP rs17042479(A/G), and NAF1 expression profiles were examined. We found an association between SNP rs17042479(G), cancer stage and tumor location. Additionally, patients with SNP rs17042479(G) showed lower NAF1 expression in comparison to patients with SNP rs17042479(A) in tumor tissue and the NAF1 expression in tumor tissue was lower compared to healthy tissue. The results in the study imply that reduced NAF1 expression in the tumor contribute to a more aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, this study suggests that the SNP rs17042479(G) change the expression of NAF1 and thereby increases the risk of developing CRC.
The effect of a family-centered advance care planning intervention for persons with cognitive impairment and their family caregivers on end-of-life care discussions and decisions
Authors: Huang Hsiu-Li , Lu Wei-Ru , Huang Huei-Ling , Liu Chien-Liang
Published: September 2022

Advanced care planning (ACP) includes advance directives (AD), which can specify provisions for palliative care and types of life-sustaining treatments for an individual requiring end-of-life (EoL) care. ACP for persons in the early stages of cognitive decline can decrease anxiety and conflict for family members needing to make decisions about EoL-care, which is especially critical for family caregivers (FCGs) if they play a role as a surrogate regarding healthcare decisions. However, ACP for persons with cognitive impairment (PWCIs) is often overlooked. This study explored the effects of a family-centered ACP intervention on decisions about EoL-care, life-sustaining treatment decisions, and discussions of related topics among PWCIs and FCGs. The study was conducted in outpatient clinics of regional teaching hospitals in northern Taiwan. Participants were dyads consisting of persons diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia and their FCGs. The family-centered ACP intervention was provided by an ACP-trained senior registered nurse. A one-group, pretest–posttest design was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on 44 dyads. Four structured questionnaires collected data regarding familiarity with ACP, intention to engage in ACP, participation in personal discussions between the dyads about ACP, and consistency between PWCIs and FCGs for decisions about life-sustaining treatments at EoL. Paired t, Kappa, and McNemar tests were used to compare differences between pre-intervention data (pretest) and post-intervention data (posttest). There were significant increases in familiarity with ACP, components of ACP, and the number of topics PWCIs and FCGs personally discussed surrounding EoL-care decisions. There was no change for either group in wanting to have a formal ACP consultation and only modest increases in consistency between PWCIs and FCGs for life-sustaining treatment decisions after completion of the family-centered ACP intervention. Clinicians caring for PWCIs should incorporate family-centered ACP interventions and support ongoing discussions about life-sustaining medical treatments to ensure their preferences regarding EoL-care are respected. The accessibility and availability of consultations about ACP should also be provided.
Usefulness of a medical interview support application for residents: A pilot study
Authors: Matsuoka Ayaka , Miike Toru , Yamazaki Hirotaka , Higuchi Masahiro , Komaki Moe , Shinada Kota , Nakayama Kento , Sakurai Ryota , Asahi Miho , Yoshitake Kunimasa , Narumi Shogo , Koba Mayuko , Sugioka Takashi , Sakamoto Yuichiro
Published: September 2022

To conduct an appropriate medical interview, education and clinical experience are necessary. The usefulness of computer-based medical diagnostic support systems has been reported in medical interviewing. However, only a few reports have actually applied these systems and noted changes in the quality of the medical interview of residents. We aimed to examine how the use of a medical interview support application changes the medical interviews of residents. The study was conducted on 15 residents (with less than two years post-graduation) and ran from November 2020 to March 2021. Faculty members played the role of simulated patients in 20 cases, and the residents conducted the medical interviews. In 10 of the 20 cases, a medical interview support application was used. After the interview, the residents were asked to list up to 10 differential diseases; the interview was considered appropriate if it included the disease portrayed by the simulated patient. Furthermore, the duration of the medical interview, the number of questions asked, and changes in stress parameters were evaluated. The use of a medical interview support application increased the percentage of appropriate medical interviews. Considering the frequency, the use of a medical interview support application increased the rate of appropriate medical interviews in the rare disease group, as well as the number of questions and duration of the interviews. No stress reduction was observed. The medical interview support application may be a useful tool in identifying appropriate differential diseases during medical interviews by residents.
Pre- and postdiagnosis growth failure, adult short stature, and untreated growth hormone deficiency in radiotherapy-treated long-term survivors of childhood brain tumor
Authors: Anttonen Julia , Remes Tiina , Arikoski Pekka , Lähteenmäki Päivi , Arola Mikko , Harila-Saari Arja , Lönnqvist Tuula , Pokka Tytti , Riikonen Pekka , Sirkiä Kirsti , Rantala Heikki , Ojaniemi Marja
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Growth failure is common in radiotherapy-treated long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors, but studies on longitudinal growth in this patient group are lacking. Here, the aim was to assess the changes in growth patterns before and after brain tumor diagnosis, the adult height, and the risk factors for compromised growth. The incidence and treatment practices of growth hormone deficiency were analyzed.

Methods

A cohort of 73 survivors of childhood brain tumor (median age 27.2 years, range 16.2 to 43.8 years) was studied after a median follow-up period of 20.4 years from diagnosis (IQR 14.9 to 22.9 years). Patients were treated in five university hospitals in Finland between 1970 and 2008. Growth curves, final height, and patient- and disease-related risk factors for compromised growth during different growth periods were analyzed. Laboratory analyses for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were performed at the follow-up.

Results

Growth failure was evident at diagnosis, with a mean height decline of -0.6 SDS (standard deviation score) from birth (95% CI -1.15 to -0.05). Mean height SDS decline after the diagnosis was -1.09 SDS (95%CI -1.51 to -0.66). At follow-up, 37% of the study subjects (27/73) had true short stature (height < -2 SDS). The mean height deficit corrected for target height was -1.9 SDS (95% CI -1.45 to -2.40). Growth failure was associated with the age at diagnosis, corticosteroid dose, radiotherapy modality and mean dose of irradiation in the thalamic area. Low IGF-1 level (below -2.0 SDS) was found in 32% (23/72), and untreated growth hormone deficiency in 40% (29/72) of the subjects.

Conclusion

Longitudinal growth impairment was common in radiotherapy-treated survivors of childhood brain tumor, resulting in compromised adult height. Loss of growth potential was evident already at diagnosis and further accelerated by the treatments. At young adulthood, unrecognized growth hormone deficiency was common.
Elucidation of TRIM25 ubiquitination targets involved in diverse cellular and antiviral processes
Authors: Yang Emily , Huang Serina , Jami-Alahmadi Yasaman , McInerney Gerald M. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Li Melody M. H.
Published: September 2022

The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases is well known for its roles in antiviral restriction and innate immunity regulation, in addition to many other cellular pathways. In particular, TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination affects both carcinogenesis and antiviral response. While individual substrates have been identified for TRIM25, it remains unclear how it regulates diverse processes. Here we characterized a mutation, R54P, critical for TRIM25 catalytic activity, which we successfully utilized to “trap” substrates. We demonstrated that TRIM25 targets proteins implicated in stress granule formation (G3BP1/2), nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (UPF1), nucleoside synthesis (NME1), and mRNA translation and stability (PABPC4). The R54P mutation abolishes TRIM25 inhibition of alphaviruses independently of the host interferon response, suggesting that this antiviral effect is a direct consequence of ubiquitination. Consistent with that, we observed diminished antiviral activity upon knockdown of several TRIM25-R54P specific interactors including NME1 and PABPC4. Our findings highlight that multiple substrates mediate the cellular and antiviral activities of TRIM25, illustrating the multi-faceted role of this ubiquitination network in modulating diverse biological processes.
Escherichia coli BarA-UvrY regulates the pks island and kills Staphylococci via the genotoxin colibactin during interspecies competition
Authors: Wong Jun Jie , Ho Foo Kiong , Choo Pei Yi , Chong Kelvin K. L. , Ho Chee Meng Benjamin , Neelakandan Ramesh , Keogh Damien , Barkham Timothy , Chen John , Liu Chuan Fa , Kline Kimberly A.
Published: September 2022

Wound infections are often polymicrobial in nature, biofilm associated and therefore tolerant to antibiotic therapy, and associated with delayed healing. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are among the most frequently cultured pathogens from wound infections. However, little is known about the frequency or consequence of E. coli and S. aureus polymicrobial interactions during wound infections. Here we show that E. coli kills Staphylococci, including S. aureus, both in vitro and in a mouse excisional wound model via the genotoxin, colibactin. Colibactin biosynthesis is encoded by the pks locus, which we identified in nearly 30% of human E. coli wound infection isolates. While it is not clear how colibactin is released from E. coli or how it penetrates target cells, we found that the colibactin intermediate N-myristoyl-D-Asn (NMDA) disrupts the S. aureus membrane. We also show that the BarA-UvrY two component system (TCS) senses the environment created during E. coli and S. aureus mixed species interaction, leading to upregulation of pks island genes. Further, we show that BarA-UvrY acts via the carbon storage global regulatory (Csr) system to control pks expression. Together, our data demonstrate the role of colibactin in interspecies competition and show that it is regulated by BarA-UvrY TCS during interspecies competition.
Biosynthetic proteins targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike as anti-virals
Authors: Thébault Stéphanie , Lejal Nathalie , Dogliani Alexis , Donchet Amélie , Urvoas Agathe , Valerio-Lepiniec Marie , Lavie Muriel , Baronti Cécile , Touret Franck , Da Costa Bruno , Bourgon Clara , Fraysse Audrey , Saint-Albin-Deliot Audrey , Morel Jessica , Klonjkowski Bernard , de Lamballerie Xavier , Dubuisson Jean , Roussel Alain , Minard Philippe , Le Poder Sophie , Meunier Nicolas , Delmas Bernard
Published: September 2022

The binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) promotes virus entry into the cell. Targeting this interaction represents a promising strategy to generate antivirals. By screening a phage-display library of biosynthetic protein sequences build on a rigid alpha-helicoidal HEAT-like scaffold (named αReps), we selected candidates recognizing the spike receptor binding domain (RBD). Two of them (F9 and C2) bind the RBD with affinities in the nM range, displaying neutralisation activity in vitro and recognizing distinct sites, F9 overlapping the ACE2 binding motif. The F9-C2 fusion protein and a trivalent αRep form (C2-foldon) display 0.1 nM affinities and EC50 of 8–18 nM for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. In hamsters, F9-C2 instillation in the nasal cavity before or during infections effectively reduced the replication of a SARS-CoV-2 strain harbouring the D614G mutation in the nasal epithelium. Furthermore, F9-C2 and/or C2-foldon effectively neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants (including delta and omicron variants) with EC50 values ranging from 13 to 32 nM. With their high stability and their high potency against SARS-CoV-2 variants, αReps provide a promising tool for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics to target the nasal cavity and mitigate virus dissemination in the proximal environment.
White spot syndrome virus directly activates mTORC1 signaling to facilitate its replication via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-mediated infection in shrimp
Authors: Hong Pan-Pan , Li Cang , Niu Guo-Juan , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Wang Jin-Xing
Published: September 2022

Previous studies have shown that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway has antiviral functions or is beneficial for viral replication, however, the detail mechanisms by which mTORC1 enhances viral infection remain unclear. Here, we found that proliferation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was decreased after knockdown of mTor (mechanistic target of rapamycin) or injection inhibitor of mTORC1, rapamycin, in Marsupenaeus japonicus, which suggests that mTORC1 is utilized by WSSV for its replication in shrimp. Mechanistically, WSSV infects shrimp by binding to its receptor, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and induces the interaction of its intracellular domain with Calmodulin. Calmodulin then promotes the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) by interaction with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of AKT. Activated AKT phosphorylates mTOR and results in the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway to promote its downstream effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6Ks), for viral protein translation. Moreover, mTORC1 also phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), which will result in the separation of 4EBP1 from eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) for the translation of viral proteins in shrimp. Our data revealed a novel pathway for WSSV proliferation in shrimp and indicated that mTORC1 may represent a potential clinical target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
Gussied up tighty-whities: On decoration, stains and exchange
Authors: Bignon Théo
Published: September 2022

Due to the homoerotic undertones of male underwear ad campaigns and their representations of sexualized bodies, male underwear and their packaging are formative objects in the realization of one’s same-sex desire. Underwear often projects a gay male gaze and becomes a symbolic object charged with ethos, desire and shame. In this article, I expand on my own relationship and encounters with this formative object, informed by this broader landscape of representations. I present projects from my fibre-based art practice that consists of the transformation and embellishment of male underwear. I contextualize the act of hand-embellishing a mass-produced object as a powerful agent for adaptation and appropriation, and I explore the potential to formally queer this normative object. Finally, I mention a project in which I receive worn and stained male underwear that I embroider on before sending them back to their owner. Accompanied by conversations with their owners, I trace individuals’ unique and similar relationship with this object. I argue that these different creative practices, which hand-alter, adapt or re-create the underwear, interrupt normative consumption cycles and misuse of undergarment functionality and can create a space ‘for us’.
‘[Selling]’: Gender capital in the commerce of men’s underwear on Reddit
Authors: Dashiell Steven L.
Published: September 2022

This article looks at the discursive values of concepts in the homosocial attraction of underwear to men. The Reddit space ‘r/underwear’ is a locale where men can buy and sell underwear from others. Rather than the selling of unused or unwanted products, a principal focus of the space is the selling of used underwear. I examine the discursive elements that occur on the page, and how the sellers work to present the underwear for the presumed purpose of selling them – discussing how these actions reinforce a sense of gender capital. There is a clear provocativeness in the ads, where the purpose is to sell the underwear and demonstrate the masculinity of the seller. Further, the heightened sense of masculinity is provided by the descriptive terms, given the use of concepts such as ‘musky’, ‘sweaty’ and ‘cum’ to reinforce the used nature of the underwear. I speculate that the choice of words serve as a reinforcement of the outward manhood of the seller, relating a ‘tough’ masculinity even though the selling of underwear is a homoerotic venture. I note how there is a sense of ‘selling masculinity’ through the gender capital linked to one’s underwear, adding to conversations of the symbolic value of manhood.
A casual obsession: Inside the British Sock Fetish Council
Authors: Groves Andrew
Published: September 2022

This article interrogates the positioning of socks as a culturally transgressive garment by football casuals through a case study of the British Sock Fetish Council (BSFC). While most studies contextualize casuals within a discourse of hooliganism and violence, their use of dress as a means of negotiating shared masculine identities remains under-researched. Founded in 2011, the BSFC quickly grew to over 1000 card-carrying members, holding meets at Newcastle, Manchester, Birmingham and London, as well as at football matches throughout the United Kingdom. Within the BSFC, the term ‘fetish’ is not used to denote a sexual predilection by an almost entirely heterosexual community. Instead, it acknowledges the members’ obsession with clothing and highlights the sub-textual tensions inherent in their individual and collective practices. The author was an active participant within the BSFC, witnessing first-hand the community’s development through the online dissemination of highly constructed, self-generated imagery, featuring colourful, patterned socks juxtaposed with rare trainers. This article explores the self-reflexive use of social media to construct group practices and provides insights into how socks were instrumental in establishing consensus on inclusive and hybrid masculine identities within this community.
‘Serafina’s got no drawers’ and nor does anyone else: The absence of undergarments in the Legman/Hugill chanteys
Authors: Floyd Jessica
Published: September 2022

This article investigates chanteys (sailing work songs) provided by chantey singer and collector Stan Hugill, contained within Gershon Legman’s unpublished manuscript of erotic folksong. Throughout, I attend to the spectre of underwear and how its absence signifies the loss of power both in terms of erotic action within the songs but also specifically in terms of cultural experiences, present on land, that divested the sailing man of masculine agency and authority. I read underwear as capturing the qualities of castration anxiety identified by Judith Bulter, and the erasure of such coverings, in these songs, forces these figures to haunt the margins of the text, ushering readings of other constraining and castrating realities that attended the sailor. Underwear is the object that stands in the way, binding up and symbolically castrating the male character, rendering him incapable of satisfying his heteronormative duties. Throughout the Victorian era, there were other cultural realities that ‘got in the way’ or impacted the sailor in his presentation of masculine self, and I contend that absent underwear captures such castrating potentials as the change in domestic space, the move from sail to steam power and also the impact of cultural narratives that sometimes barred sailors from gaining employment and meeting their breadwinning expectations.
A Universidade de Coimbra e a Independência do Brasil: Catálogo da exposição documental e bibliográfica
Authors: Silva João Nuno Calvão da
Published: September 2022

A Universidade de Coimbra foi a Alma Mater de muitos dos protagonistas da Independência do Brasil. Entre 1822 e 1831, apesar do analfabetismo da esmagadora maioria da população brasileira, 86,7% dos Ministros, Senadores e Conselheiros tinha formação universitária e 71,8% destes tinham obtido essa habilitação em Coimbra. O historiador brasileiro J. Murilo de Carvalho tem até atribuído à formação conimbricense das suas elites intelectuais a unidade do novo país independente. No ano em que se comemoram os 200 anos deste acontecimento, a UC concebeu uma exposição com 66 peças documentais originais, que evidenciam bem a sua implicação nesse processo da Independência. O projeto teve origem no pedido dirigido à Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra pelo Senhor Vice-Reitor para as Relações Externas e Alumni, à qual imediatamente se associou o Arquivo da Universidade.
THE PERSISTENT EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON THE ECONOMY AND FISCAL CAPACITY OF INDONESIA
Authors: Iswahyudi Heru
Published: September 2022

Does the pandemic of COVID-19 have persistent or transitory effects on Indonesiaâ€™s economy and fiscal capacity? This article addresses empirical answer to this question by conducting unit root tests on time series data of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), income tax revenue, Value-Added Tax (VAT) revenue, the ratio of income tax revenue to GDP, and the ratio of VAT revenue to GDP covering the period from 1984 to 2019. The results find the presence of unit root process in these time series which imply that the shock from the pandemic may persistently lower the path of economic output and fiscal capacity of Indonesia.
Komunikasi Krisis Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Penanganan Covid-19
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Saiful , Wicaksono Moddie Alvianto
Published: September 2022

Dalam kurun waktu lima bulan terakhir, dunia sedang dihinggapi oleh krisis pandemi Covid-19. Pandemi ini menjangkit lebih dari 200 negara termasuk Indonesia. Secara global, imbasnya tidak hanya pada krisis kesehatan dan krisis ekonomi, melainkan juga krisis politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komunikasi krisis yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus dan metode pengumpulan data studi literatur. Adapun penelitian ini berkesimpulan strategi rebuilding posture yang berisikan langkah apologia dan compensation menjadi pilihan terbaik bagi Pemerintah Indonesia. Lalu terdapat beberapa langkah yang perlu dilakukan. Pertama adalah kecepatan dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan atau informasi kepada masyarakat, kedua konsistensi dalam setiap informasi atau pesan yang disampaikan kepada masyarakat, ketiga prinsip keterbukaan, keempat menunjukkan sense of crisis dari berbagai elemen pemerintah kepada publik dan stakeholder, kelima perlunya memperkuat komunikasi internal dari unsur pemerintah, keenam perlunya memperkuat transmisi pesan komunikasi kepada publik.
COVID-19: INSIDE INDONESIA’S ISLAMIC STATE SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORK
Authors: Permono Prakoso
Published: September 2022

ISIS affiliates in Indonesia have been involved actively in social media particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article is trying to explore and analyze Islamic State affiliates daily narrative in their social media network based on digital ethnography conducted between March to July 2020 following the Covid-19 outbreak. The ethnography focuses on four ISIS affiliate’s Telegram channel and group. We found that ISIS affiliates in Indonesia as a rational actor have been capitalizing opportunities brought by Covid-19 and vulnerabilities in Indonesia’s society to strengthen radicalization and grassroots support from broader Muslim communities. This research also finds more advanced and personalized anti-government and anti-Chinese rhetoric being emphasized by Islamic State affiliates in Indonesia during the pandemic and concludes that behind Indonesian ISIS narratives during the Covid-19 pandemic emerges a clandestine imminent threat to the society.
DINAMIKA EKOSISTEM INDUSTRI MUSIK INDONESIA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Hastuti, S.Sos. Puji
Published: September 2022

Tulisan ini bermaksud menguraikan kehidupan pekerja dalam ekosistem industri musik Indonesia yang mengalami perubahan pada masa Pandemik Covid-19. Ekosistem industri musik yang semula sangat mengandalkan ruang pertemuan fisik dan komunal harus beradaptasi dengan kebijakan pembatasan sosial akibat pandemik. Kondisi tersebut yang menarik perhatian penulis untuk mengamati dinamika kehidupan para pekerja industri musik dalam menghadapi keterbatasan tersebut. Dalam kurun waktu ditetapkannya kebijakan pembatasan sosial hingga adaptasi kebiasaan baru atau dikenal dengan new normal, penulis melakukan pengamatan terhadap kegiatan pekerja industri musik yang ditampilkan dalam beberapa platform media digital. Hasilnya, penulis menemukan geliat para pekerja industri musik Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemik Covid-19 mencakup beberapa aspek berikut: 1) solidaritas komunal, 2) adaptasi kebiasaan, 3) eksplorasi ruang komunal digital, dan 4) masa kontemplasi dan menghasilkan karya baru. Kesimpulan dari hasil temuan tersebut, pandemik Covid-19 telah menumbuhkembangkan kembali semangat komunalitas, meski sekaligus juga menampilkan celah bagi absennya peran negara terhadap jaminan kesejahteraan pekerja industri musik yang layak. Disamping menguatnya ikatan komunalitas pekerja, keterbatasan akibat pandemik justru membuka peluang usaha lain bagi para pekerja industri musik. Terakhir, pandemik Covid-19 dapat menjadi momentum bagi era baru ekosistem industri musik Indonesia dengan kemajuan teknologi pertunjukan digital dan rilisan karya baik audio maupun video yang dapat digarap menggunakan media rekam sederhana dari rumah atau home recording.
COMPARISON BETWEEN INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND TAIWAN IN FACING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT TIRTO.ID POSTER
Authors: Try Sjahputra Hafidz Ridha , Adzkiya Nisa
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic captured the attention of all media, not least Tirto.id who uploaded a poster on his Instagram feed exactly the first 30 days of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The poster discusses taiwan's handling of the situation in his country. So it raises the question Tirto.id chose Taiwan to fill its posters? Using van Dijk's critical discourse analysis to see the power at play behind the Tirto.id posters, as well as to dialogue the rational actor model I put forward by Graham to compensate for the policies and regulations imposed by the Governments of Indonesia and Taiwan in the handling of pandemics in their respective countries. Produce findings namely; First, Tirto.id praised taiwan's successful handling of the pandemic as well as a relaxed form of sarcasm to the Government of Indonesia during the first 30 days. Second, historically, Taiwan's past failures with the SARS epidemic have made them learn to be better prepared from many sides. Meanwhile, Indonesia's success in handling Bird Flu makes Indonesia more relaxed and optimistic in the face of this pandemic.
Wabah Penyakit dari Masa ke Masa: Respon Masyarakat dan Perubahan Sosial-Budaya
Authors: Sukmawati Anggy Denok
Published: September 2022

Manusia telah hidup bersama wabah penyakit sejak dahulu kala. Beberapa wabah penyakit besar yang melanda dunia dalam skala yang besar di ataranya Wabah Cacar yang telah ada sejak abad ke-18, The Black Death yang muncul sekitar tahun 1340an dan 1350an, serta Wabah Flu Spanyol pada tahun 1918. Ketiga wabah tersebut adalah beberapa wabah penyakit yang membawa efek sangat masiv pada kehidupan masyarakat di dunia dengan angka kematian yang sangat tinggi. Selain menyebabkan kematian dalam jumlah besar, wabah-wabah tersebut mengubah pula pola kehidupan manusia di berbagai aspek, seperti pola hidup, pola pikir, serta dinamika kehidupan sehari-hari.Telah banyak buku yang membahas mengenai wabah penyakit. Masing-masing buku tersebut memiliki sudut pandang tertentu, baik itu dari sudut pandang kesehatan (Ewald, 1994; Lacroix, 2012), antropologi (Keshavjee, 2014; Lynteris, 2020), maupun sejarah (Oldstone, 2010; Cunningham dan Grell, 2000). Buku ini merupakan salah satu dari banyak buku yang mengangkat topik wabah penyakit di dunia. Satu hal yang membuat buku ini unik dan berbeda dari buku-buku lain adalah buku ini tidak hanya menceritakan sejarah dari wabah-wabah penyakit besar yang pernah terjadi di dunia tetapi juga melihat pola perubahan masyarakat yang terbentuk sesudah kejadian wabah tersebut.Buku ini terdiri dari dua puluh dua bab yang masing-masing babnya membahas wabah penyakit yang pernah menjangkiti seluruh dunia. Dalam pembahasan itu, dibahas pula efek sosial, budaya, dan keilmuan dari masing-masing wabah terhadap kehidupan masyarakat dunia. Topik yang diangkat dalam buku ini sangat relevan dengan keadaan dunia saat ini yang juga sedang dicekam Pandemi Covid-19. Kita bisa mengambil pelajaran dari semua wabah yang pernah terjadi sebelumnya dan—jika memungkinkan—“memprediksi” perubahan sosial-budaya apa yang akan terjadi pada kehidupan manusia sesudah pandemi ini berakhir suatu saat nanti di masa depan.
Hak-hak Disabilitas di Simpang Jalan: Menyoal Pelindungan Hak Atas Kesehatan di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Limbong Ronny Josua , Rosdianti Yeni
Published: September 2022

Pembatasan isolasi sosial akibat pandemi COVID-19 sangat berpengaruh terhadap layanan kesehatan,  khususnya bagi penyandang disabilitas. Ragam dan kondisi disabilitas tertentu memiliki kerentanan kesehatan, gangguan mental, dan hambatan sosial yang umumnya membutuhkan perawatan dan dukungan kesehatan jangka panjang. Isolasi sosial ini dalam beberapa hal berakibat pada berhentinya layanan kesehatan esensial bagi hak-hak penyandang disabilitas. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memastikan langkah-langkah pelindungan bagi penyandang disabilitas atas layanan perawatan kesehatan dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik unik individu dan kedisabilitasan mereka, khususnya, dalam rangka beradaptasi dengan kebiasaan baru saat ini. Makalah ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka untuk mengeksplorasi dampak COVID-19 terhadap hak atas kesehatan bagi penyandang disabilitas. Telaah ini menyoroti dampak kerugian dari isolasi sosial dan meneliti kemungkinan alternatif untuk mengurangi efek negatif pandemi ini. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa hilangnya layanan esensial sebagai dampak dari pandemi COVID-19 memerlukan penyesuaian-penyesuaian dalam kerangka kebijakan inklusif, evaluasi dan pemantauan lebih lanjut, serta kreativitas yang lebih luas dalam pelaksanaan pelindungan hak atas kesehatan.
TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Nawangsari Ertien Rining , Rahmatin Leily Suci
Published: September 2022

This paper is compiled to analyze the opportunities and challenges of community-based tourism, in facing the adaptation of a new life in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, tourism potential which is the capital for tourism development and the participation of local communities as the stakeholders main tourism. The choice of research focuses on community participation in tourism, especially in the new normal era due to tourism activities where all activities are carried out by prioritizing the movement from the area of origin to the destination area, making tourism an activity that is vulnerable to the spread of covid - 19. The main challenge in tourism today is more to the level of public awareness of health protocols, opportunities that greatly support Tamansari Tourism Village in the form of a variety of tourist attractions in one tourism destination. The research method approach used is descriptive qualitative research instruments with in-depth interviews, documentation study and involved observation. Tourism in the new normal era is expected to be able to adapt CHSE Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability in order to maintain tourists' confidence in tourist attraction in reducing covid-19 transmission.Keywords: Community Participation, Tourism Village, CHSE
Barriers to PrEP Uptake in Two Spirit, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Queer Men, and Non-Binary People in Canada
Authors: Amato Anthony Theodore , Kiffer Card , Ben Klassen , Mik Vattiata , Michael Kwag , Darrell HS Tan , Nathan J Lachowsky
Published: September 2022

Background: Indigenous and ethnoracial minority Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer men, Two-Spirit, and non-binary (GBTQ2S+) people in Canada are often underrepresented in PrEP uptake within GBTQ2S+ population samples due to health and social inequities. We sought to determine barriers to PrEP use for sub-populations of HIV-negative GBT2Q based on ethnoracial identity and gender diversity.

Method: Participants self-completed the national, online, anonymous, community-based Sex Now 2019 behavioural surveillance survey. Recruitment occurred via GBTQ2S+-oriented sex-seeking apps, websites, and social media from November 2019 to February 2020 (pre-COVID). Participants completed questions on demographics and PrEP-related barriers (e.g., low self-perceived HIV risk, cost, judgement from healthcare providers). Multivariable confounder bootstrapped (1000 iterations) logistic regression models assessed differences in various barriers to PrEP by ethnoracial identity, and stratified by cisgender/gender-diverse identity; possible confounders included age, income, and sexual orientation, if significantly correlated with the outcome. Beta coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented.

Results: Of 1137 HIV-negative Indigenous and ethnoracial minority GBTQ2S+ participants (85.5% cisgender men, 14.5% gender-diverse), 17.2% were Black/African/Caribbean, 29.2% were Indigenous, 20.0% were Latinx, 28.9% were East/Southeast Asian, and 21.9% were Arab/South Asian. Four ethnoracial differences in PrEP-related barriers were identified. First, low self-perceived HIV risk was less likely to be reported by Latinx (15.6% versus 23.2%, β=-0.75, CI [-1.41,-0.15]) and Arab/South Asian (17.8% versus 22.8%, β=-0.53, CI [-1.10,-0.056]) participants. Second, disliking taking pills was less likely to be reported by Arab/South Asian participants (8.7% versus 16.4%, β=-0.61, CI [-1.29,-0.11]). Third, cost as a barrier was less likely to be reported by Indigenous participants (19.9% versus 28.9%, β=-0.61, CI [-1.16,-0.11]). Fourth, judgement from healthcare providers was less likely reported by gender-diverse South Asian participants (8.0%, β=-1.54, CI [-22.33,-0.024]) versus all other gender-diverse participants (23.6%).

Conclusion: Commonly reported PrEP barriers for Indigenous and ethnoracial minority GBTQ2S+ were self-perceived risk, cost, and judgement from healthcare providers. However, specific ethnoracial groups, intersecting with gender diversity, experienced these less. Although this data cannot encapsulate all PrEP barriers faced by these communities, it highlights the need for culturally-appropriate and gender-affirming health promotion strategies, new PrEP prevention efforts, and healthcare provider capacity-building to improve equitable PrEP implementation.
Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrievability: OptionElite™Retrivabilty Data in a Retrospective Literature Review
Authors: Stibbs Peter
Published: September 2022

With the status of IVC filters, and the general consensus that long term or permanent filtration of the vena cava may not be necessary for the majority of patients that demonstrate only transient risk of pulmonary embolism, there has been more emphasis placed on retrievability rates of temporary IVC filters. The intent of this study is to look at the overall retrievability rate of the Option/OptionELITE™IVC filter by searching a cross reference of published studies listing retrievability rates and retrieval techniques.