bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mexican American Identity: Regional Differentiation in New Mexico
Authors: Salgado Casandra D.
Published: September 2018

Existing research inadequately addresses the variation in Mexican Americans’ patterns of ethnic identification. Drawing on 78 interviews, I address this question by exploring how conceptions of ancestry and nationality shape ethnic identification among New Mexico’s long-standing Mexican American population, Nuevomexicanos. I find that Nuevomexicanos emphasized their ties to Spanish heritage within the history of New Mexico to explain their ethnicity and to construct their identity in opposition to Mexican immigrants. Although Nuevomexicanos varied in their claims to Mexican ancestry, they generally prioritized their roots in the original Spanish settlement of New Mexico to emphasize distinctions in ancestry, nationality, and regionality from Mexican immigrants. Moreover, despite Nuevomexicanos’ persistent claims to Spanish ancestry, they did not perceive themselves as racially White. Instead, Spanish ancestry was integral to Nuevomexicano identity because it enabled them to highlight their regional ties to New Mexico and long-time American identities. Thus, I argue that Nuevomexicanos’ enduring claims to Spanish ancestry represent a defensive strategy to enact dissociation from stigmatized Mexican immigrants. Overall, these findings show that Mexican Americans’ dissociation strategies are contingent on how they define themselves as members of an ethnic and national community. These findings also indicate that “Mexican American” as an identity term is a loosely maintained membership category among “Mexican Americans” because of their intragroup heterogeneity.
How I treat hypoxia in adults with hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic disorders
Authors: Machogu Evans M. , Machado Roberto F.
Published: September 2018

Hemoglobinopathies are caused by genetic mutations that result in abnormal hemoglobin molecules, resulting in hemolytic anemia. Chronic complications involving the lung parenchyma, vasculature, and cardiac function in hemoglobinopathies result in impaired gas exchange, resulting in tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia is defined as the deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body and is prevalent in patients with hemoglobinopathies, and its cause is often multifactorial. Chronic hypoxia in hemoglobinopathies is often a sign of disease severity and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of hypoxia in these disease processes is important in order to appropriately treat the underlying cause and prevent complications. In this article, we discuss management of hypoxia based on three different cases: sickle cell disease, β-thalassemia, and hereditary spherocytosis. These cases are used to review the current understanding of the disease pathophysiology, demonstrate the importance of a thorough clinical history and physical examination, explore diagnostic pathways, and review the current management.
Lixisenatide Reduces Chylomicron Triacylglycerol by Increased Clearance
Authors: Whyte Martin B , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Sharaf Sharaf E , Jackson Nicola C , Fielding Barbara , Hovorka Roman , Mendis Jeewaka , Russell-Jones David , Umpleby A Margot
Published: September 2018

Context

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists control postprandial glucose and lipid excursion in type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanisms are unclear.

Objective

To determine the mechanisms of postprandial lipid and glucose control with lixisenatide (GLP-1 analog) in type 2 diabetes.

Design

Randomized, double-blind, cross-over study.

Setting

Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Research, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom.

Patients

Eight obese men with type 2 diabetes [age, 57.3 ± 1.9 years; body mass index, 30.3 ± 1.0 kg/m2; glycosylated hemoglobin, 66.5 ± 2.6 mmol/mol (8.2% ± 0.3%)].

Interventions

Two metabolic studies, 4 weeks after lixisenatide or placebo, with cross-over and repetition of studies.

Main Outcome Measures

Study one: very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicron (CM) triacylglycerol (TAG) kinetics were measured with an IV bolus of [2H5]glycerol in a 12-hour study, with hourly feeding. Oral [13C]triolein, in a single meal, labeled enterally derived TAG. Study two: glucose kinetics were measured with [U-13C]glucose in a mixed-meal (plus acetaminophen to measure gastric emptying) and variable IV [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion.

Results

Study one: CM-TAG (but not VLDL-TAG) pool-size was lower with lixisenatide (P = 0.046). Lixisenatide reduced CM [13C]oleate area under the curve (AUC)60–480min concentration (P = 0.048) and increased CM-TAG clearance, with no effect on CM-TAG production rate. Study two: postprandial glucose and insulin AUC0–240min were reduced with lixisenatide (P = 0.0051; P < 0.05). Total glucose production (P = 0.015), rate of glucose appearance from the meal (P = 0.0098), and acetaminophen AUC0–360min (P = 0.006) were lower with lixisenatide than with placebo.

Conclusions

Lixisenatide reduced [13C]oleate concentrations, derived from a single meal in CM-TAG and glucose rate of appearance from the meal through delayed gastric emptying. However, day-long CM production, measured with repeated meal feeding, was not reduced by lixisenatide and decreased CM-TAG concentration resulted from increased CM-TAG clearance.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF PLACENTA UNDER MYCOPLASMA INFECTION
Authors: Островская Ольга , Ostrovskaya Olga , Ивахнишина Наталья , Ivakhnishina Natalya , Кожарская Ольга , Kozharskaya Ol'ga , Мусатов Денис , Musatov Denis , Обухова Виктория , Obuhova Viktoriya , Власова Марина , Vlasova Marina , Наговицына Елена , Nagovitsyna E , Супрун Стефания , Suprun Stefaniya , Евсеева Галина , Evseeva Galina , Лебедько Ольга , Lebedko Olga
Published: September 2018

Literature data on the ethiopathogenetic role of Ureaplasma species, Mycoplasma hominis in the development of premature delivery is contradictory due to the fact that Mycoplasma may be part of the normal microflora of women of reproductive age. The article is aimed to reveal the peculiarities of morphofunctional state of the placentas infected with Mycoplasma. The placentas were obtained from women whose pregnancy ended prematurely. Morphological, histological and molecular genetic study of 34 placentas from maternity patients with premature delivery was performed. Molecular genetic study was carried out by real-time PCR. Ureaplasma spp. was detected as a part of mono- and mixed infections in a concentration of 10*2 to 10*6 GE/mL in 32.3% of cases. Mycoplasma hominis was detected in 23.5% of cases, in a concentration of 10*3 to 10*6 GE/mL. Inflammatory changes in the membranes and placenta were revealed in all cases of Ureaplasma spp. detection as a monoinfection regardless of the degree of bacterial load, which confirms the belief about the pathogenetic role of Ureaplasma spp. in the process of reproductive disorders formation.
Rare health conditions 16: body dysmorphic disorder and cystic fibrosis
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually less than 1 person in every 2000 and many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions given the high number of these conditions. This sixteenth article will briefly explore two of these conditions: body dysmorphic disorder and cystic fibrosis.
The SBAR communication framework: for when you need action
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: September 2018

This article examines the communication framework known as SBAR—which stands for ‘situation, background, assessment, recommendation’. High-quality communication between members of the multidisciplinary team is vital within health and social care. Support workers have a clear role and responsibility in facilitating effective communication. Therefore, relevant sections of the Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England ( Skills for Care and Skills for Health, 2013 ) will be highlighted.

The article will then discuss exactly what the SBAR framework is and examine the four key parts which assist in the concise and focused transfer of information in an assertive and effective way, while empowering the support worker and developing their critical thinking skills.
Shockwave therapy in selected soft tissue diseases: a literature review
Authors: Dolibog Patrycja , Franek Andrzej , Brzezińska-Wcisło Ligia , Dolibog Paweł , Wróbel Beata , Arasiewicz Hubert , Chmielewska Daria
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The aim of our study is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of shockwave therapy (SWT) in the treatment of soft tissue wounds, by reviewing the available literature.

Method:

Medical databases were searched for articles using the keywords: ‘shockwave AND wound healing’, ‘shockwave AND ulcers’, ‘shockwave AND burns’, ‘shockwave AND bedsores’, ‘shockwave AND diabetic foot ulcer’, ‘ESWT AND wound healing’, ‘shock wave AND diabetic gangrene’.

Results:

A total of 14 scientific articles were included in the study which described the methodology of treatments and list the type of generator, physical parameters used during the procedure, number of treatments and the type of treated wounds. From these articles, 191 soft tissue wounds were analysed.

Conclusion:

Evidence from the articles analysed in this study suggests a beneficial effect of SWT to treat diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers and burns. SWT can be used in combination with standard treatment in soft tissue wounds.
Clinical andin vitroperformance of an antibiofilm Hydrofiber wound dressing
Authors: Scully Ruth , Hurlow Jennifer , Walker Mike , Metcalf Daniel , Parsons David , Bowler Philip
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To compare the clinical and in vitro performance of a next-generation antibiofilm silver dressing (NGAD) with an established antimicrobial dressing technology that was developed before the recognition of wound biofilm as a clinical challenge.

Method:

Real-life evaluations of challenging wounds managed previously with cadexomer iodine (CI) dressings followed by switching to NGAD were evaluated alongside electron, confocal and light microscopy images from a challenging, in vitro, exuding chronic wound model. Clinical case studies on the use of CI and NGAD dressings are presented to further explore the real-life evidence and in vitro findings.

Results:

We assessed 13 non-healing wounds that had been managed with protocols including CI dressings. After a median of four weeks, switching to the NGAD as primary dressing resulted in improvements in nine wounds and healing in two wounds, with associated improvements in wound bed appearance, while dressing usage was the same as or lower than before. The NGAD was observed to prevent the development of Staphylococcus aureus— Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm over three days, in contrast to the CI dressing, which appeared to support biofilm development once the active antimicrobial was exhausted from its carrier material. Clinical case studies exhibited this exhaustion as ‘whiting out’ of the dressing, with wound biofilm observed from samples taken following dressing use. Positive wound and patient outcomes were observed in two cases following the switch from a CI primary dressing to the NGAD, in highly exuding and infected wounds.

Conclusion:

Antimicrobial dressings may be effective against biofilm in some laboratory models, but their effectiveness as a wound dressings in protocols of care must be verified clinically.
Clinical assessment of a foam dressing containing growth factor-enhancing hydrated polyurethanes
Authors: Mikosiński Jacek , Kotala Marek , Stücker Markus , Twardowska-Saucha Krystyna , Bonnekoh Bernd , Pańczak Konrad , Aleksiejew-Kleszczyński Tomasz , Dissemond Joachim , Eming Sabine A. , Kaspar Daniela , Rousseau Anne , Bewert Johanna , Schröder Wiebke , Smola Hans
Published: September 2018

Objective:

This study assesses a novel dressing concept in venous leg ulcer (VLU) patients. It is based on boosting endogenous growth factor activities synthesised by functional granulation tissue.

Methods:

Patients received treatment for eight weeks with a hydrated polyurethane-containing foam dressing plus concomitant compression therapy. Wound area reduction (WAR), percentage of wounds achieving a relative WAR of ≥40% and ≥60%, wound pain ratings for the last 24 hours and at dressing changes, EQ-5D Quality of Life questionnaire data, dressing handling and safety parameters were recorded.

Results:

There were 128 patients who received treatment and data for 123 wound treatment courses were documented. Wound area size decreased from 13.3±9.8cm2 to 10.5±12.2cm2 at week eight and median relative WAR was 48.8%. At week eight, a relative WAR ≥40% was reached by 54.5% of the wounds, 41.5% reached a relative WAR of ≥60% and complete healing was observed in 13.5% of wounds. Median wound pain ratings (last 24 hours before dressing change) declined significantly from 30 to 15.5 (100 visual analogue scale [VAS], p=0.0001) and pain at dressing changes from 30 to 12.5 (p≤0.0001). The EQ-5D VAS rating increased from 58.4±19.2mm to 63.1±19.1mm (p=0.0059).

Conclusion:

This clinical assessment shows that the concept of boosting endogenous growth factors through hydrated polyurethanes has the potential to accelerate WAR in VLU patients while decreasing pain levels and improving quality of life parameters.
A clinical observation evaluation of bioactive soluble beta-glucan gel compared with standard care
Authors: Hunt Sharon D.
Published: September 2018

Objective:

Clinicians across all health-care settings are challenged daily by wounds that are slow or static in healing due to time constraints, reduced resources and the negative impact upon the patient's quality of life (QoL). Community settings are particularly challenging due to the varied environments, patient social, psychological and financial constraints, and multi-clinician wound care monitoring. The aim of this clinical evaluation is to clinically evaluate bioactive soluble beta-glucan gel (BSBG) on those wounds that have stalled at four weeks as an adjunct to normal standards of care.

Method:

A clinical observational evaluation was undertaken within a large community setting, reviewing patients who self-presented with stalled healing/chronic wounds, and the effects upon adding a BSBG gel twice a week for eight weeks as part of their set standard care. Formulary cleansing and dressing products were continued and results monitored by a designated clinician. All data was collected as part of the patient's normal wound review routine in relation to primary outcome of wound reduction with secondary outcomes relating to pain reduction, slough and necrosis reduction, exudate reduction and adverse events.

Results:

At six months, analysis of data demonstrated >2-times a higher rate of healing in chronic wounds with eight weeks' initial treatment and >4-times a higher rate of healing over six months in those patients with ulceration (PU, VLU, DFU). A reduction of per patient care cost saving was achieved across the treatment group compared with the standard care retrospective group.

Conclusion:

The administration of a wound healing gel within a moderate size cohort of patients presenting with chronic wounds resulted in improved wound reduction and significant cost savings.
Egypt’s watchdogs: Citizen journalism before, during and after the 2011 revolution
Authors: Hassan Rana
Published: September 2018

Often, social perspectives of the Arab Revolution give a lot of credit to Facebook as the primary catalyst for political mobilization and citizen journalism. Although Facebook as a platform can be acclaimed for helping to shape this situation, this research argues that the role of Facebook is often exaggerated. In the context of this work, the ‘Arab Revolution’ refers to the period in which former President, Hosni Mubarak, was ousted from power in January 2011 and the term ‘revolution’ is not used to signal a radical transformation of society. Empirically, this article addresses the role of social media and in particular, Facebook, before, during and after this revolution. It examines the impact of this new technology on the rise of online social activism by investigating the effect of citizen journalism on forming public opinion, exploring the relationship between citizen journalism and the acceleration of the events that led to the Egyptian revolution. It also explores the impact of social media on citizen activism after the fall of Mubarak’s regime. In this case citizen journalism refers to the production of media content with the aim of changing public opinion. Empirical data for this research work were both qualitative and quantitative. Four hundred survey questionnaires were distributed to Facebook users to identify their usage before, during and after the 25 January Revolution to find out their views on social media activism and its impact on public opinion. The questionnaires covered the duration from June 2010 to June 2015. In addition, intensive interviews were conducted with media experts and political activists to gain a deeper insight of the role of citizen journalism in social change. Findings demonstrate that during the three stages of the Egyptian revolution, covered by this research, social media remained significant, albeit with a slight difference in its use by protesters. During the revolution, social media networks were primarily the outlets that Egyptians used to report local events to international media. The post revolution period has also witnessed an interest in social media networks. Facebook has made Egyptians more politically and socially conscious and encouraged them to participate in social and political events such as presidential and parliament elections. However, this research work reports that the use of such platforms does not seem to have had much impact on political change in Egypt during the last few years.
Heather Ann Thompson, Blood in The Water. The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy, (NY: Pantheon Books, 2016), 724pp., $35
Authors: Ricordeau Gwenola
Published: September 2018

Review of Blood in The Water. The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy by Heather Ann Thompson.
Carlos Mignon, Córdoba Obrera: El sindicato en la fábrica, 1968–1973, (Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi, 2014), 384pp., $530
Authors: Fishwick Adam
Published: September 2018

Review of Córdoba Obrera: El sindicato en la fábrica by Carlos Mignon.
The Interpretation of Quantitative and Corpus Analysis of Thematic Fields in First Collections of Short Stories by Jan Èep
Authors: Zmìlík Richard
Published: September 2018

The present paper is a direct continuation of the first part Potencionality of Quantitative and Corpus Analysis to Literary Studies – Toward Methodology (The Analysis of Themtic Fields), which was published in third number of this journal in 2016. In this study we present in detail the exploration of posibilities of interpretation using quantitative and corpus methods and illustrate the way, how specific we can use the results of the named metohod in the literary interpretation.
Kříž u potoka Karolíny Světlé
Authors: Všetièka František
Published: September 2018

In her novel Kříž u potoka (1868) Karolína Světlá applied a contrastive principle, which is seen mostly in the relationships between her characters. A part of this principle is represented by vertical space completed by a place of horror (locus horridus). The place of horror is twofold in this novel, the latter is related to the anticipant character (a holy old women). The novel is framed in two ways – in a mortal and a local way. The opening of the novel is represented by Vorgeschichte, while the rest of the story is covered in the superstitious time.
Divil se babiččinu důchodu
Authors: Hrdlička Milan
Published: September 2018

Ve formách českých přídavných jmen přivlastňovacích nalézáme řadu nářečních variant. V běžné komunikaci dochází k tomu, že mluvčí často nahrazují smíšené skloňování (vzor otcův) deklinací složenou (vzor dobrý). Článek upozorňuje na skutečnost, že se v dativu singuláru někdy objevuje v případě přivlastňování ženskému posesorovi ve spojení s podstatnými jmény rodu mužského a středního kolokviální koncovka -ě (Divil se babiččině důchodu) namísto spisovné koncovky -u (Divil se babiččinu důchodu). Na tuto skutečnost ale upozorňuje pouze minimum českých gramatik.
On optimizing operator fusion plans for large-scale machine learning in systemML
Authors: Boehm Matthias , Reinwald Berthold , Hutchison Dylan , Sen Prithviraj , Evfimievski Alexandre V. , Pansare Niketan
Published: September 2018

Many machine learning (ML) systems allow the specification of ML algorithms by means of linear algebra programs, and automatically generate efficient execution plans. The opportunities for fused operators---in terms of fused chains of basic operators---are ubiquitous, and include fewer materialized intermediates, fewer scans of inputs, and sparsity exploitation across operators. However, existing fusion heuristics struggle to find good plans for complex operator DAGs or hybrid plans of local and distributed operations. In this paper, we introduce an exact yet practical cost-based optimization framework for fusion plans and describe its end-to-end integration into Apache SystemML. We present techniques for candidate exploration and selection of fusion plans, as well as code generation of local and distributed operations over dense, sparse, and compressed data. Our experiments in SystemML show end-to-end performance improvements of up to 22x, with negligible compilation overhead.
Ground State Solutions for Quasilinear Schrödinger Equations with Critical Growth and Lower Power Subcritical Perturbation
Authors: Deng Yinbin , Huang Wentao , Zhang Shen
Published: September 2018

We study the following generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation:

-

(

g
2

⁢

(
u
)

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

+

g
⁢

(
u
)

⁢

g
′

⁢

(
u
)

⁢

|

∇
⁡
u

|

2

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

=

h
⁢

(
u
)

,

x
∈

ℝ
N

,

-(g^{2}(u)\nabla u)+g(u)g^{\prime}(u)|\nabla u|^{2}+V(x)u=h(u),\quad x\in% \mathbb{R}^{N},

where

N
≥
3

{N\geq 3}

,

g
:

ℝ
→

ℝ
+

{g\colon\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{+}}

is an even differentiable function such that

g
′

⁢

(
t
)

≥
0

{g^{\prime}(t)\geq 0}

for all

t
≥
0

{t\geq 0}

,

h
∈

C
1

⁢

(
ℝ
,
ℝ
)

{h\in C^{1}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})}

is a nonlinear function including critical growth and lower power subcritical perturbation, and the potential

V
⁢

(
x
)

:

ℝ
N

→
ℝ

{V(x)\colon\mathbb{R}^{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}}

is positive. Since the subcritical perturbation does not satisfy the (AR) condition, the standard variational method cannot be used directly. Combining the change of variables and the monotone method developed by Jeanjean in [L. Jeanjean, On the existence of bounded Palais–Smale sequences and application to a Landesman–Lazer-type problem set on

𝐑
N

{\mathbf{R}}^{N}

, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 129 1999, 4, 787–809], we obtain the existence of positive ground state solutions for the given problem.
Laguerre–Freud equations associated with the D-Laguerre–Hahn forms of class one
Authors: Sghaier Mabrouk , Zaatra Mohamed , Khlifi Achraf
Published: September 2018

We give the system of Laguerre–Freud equations for the recurrence coefficients{\beta_{n}},{\gamma_{n+1}},{n\geq 0}, of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a D-Laguerre–Hahn form (linear functional) of class one. The system is solved in the case when{\beta_{0}=-\theta_{0}},{\beta_{n+1}=\theta_{n}-\theta_{n+1}}and{\gamma_{n+1}=-\theta_{n}^{2}}with{\theta_{n}\neq 0},{n\geq 0}. There are essentially three canonical cases.
Ten years of conservation efforts enhance seagrass cover and carbon storage in Thailand
Authors: Rattanachot Ekkalak , Stankovic Milica , Aongsara Supaphon , Prathep Anchana
Published: September 2018

Seagrasses are known as engineering ecosystems that play important roles in coastal environments. Globally, seagrass areas have been declining, and many conservation projects have been carried out to prevent further decline. The goal of this work was to determine how successful conservation efforts have been in a seagrass meadow at Koh Tha Rai in the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province of southern Thailand in terms of meadow extent, coverage and organic carbon storage. A study was conducted in 2017 and compared to a previous study from 2006 to determine the effects of the various conservation efforts devoted to this area. The results show that the total seagrass area increased by 0.7 ha with a rate of increase of approximately 0.06 ha year−1. The total coverage of seagrass increased by approximately 3 times. The organic carbon in existing seagrass meadows (2006) was 53.35 Mg ha−1, while growth was 32.34 Mg ha−1in the areas of new seagrass. Moreover, the total organic carbon storage in the sediment increased by 26.86 MgC from 2006 to 2017 (from 211.60 MgC to 235.46 MgC). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the importance of successful conservation efforts in terms of increasing seagrass meadow areas, seagrass coverage and carbon storage within the meadow.
Crystal structure of (20S)-20-(dimethylamino)-3-(tigloylamino)-5α-pregn-2,16-dien-4-one, C28H42N2O2
Authors: Huo Shao-Jie , Wu Ji-Chun , He Xi-Chen , Wu Qi-Yun , Du Jiang
Published: September 2018

C28H42N2O2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 12.679(3) Å, b = 6.9067(14) Å, c = 15.577(3) Å, β = 113.821(4)°, V = 1247.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0485, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1266, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of (2Z,2′Z)-1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl) bis(3-hydroxy-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one), C23H17NO4
Authors: Weng Ai-Zhen , Quan Hai-Yuan , Wang Liu-Yang , She Dong-Mei , Mei Xiang-Dong
Published: September 2018

C23H17NO4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 29), a = 26.3525(8) Å, b = 3.88640(10) Å, c = 34.8871(10) Å, V = 3573.01(18) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0419, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1086, T = 180 K.
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) as a genetically simple model of multifaceted neuropathology resulting from defects in autophagy
Authors: Hor Catherine Hong Huan , Tang Bor Luen
Published: September 2018

Autophagy is an essential and conserved cellular homeostatic process. Defects in the core and accessory components of the autophagic machinery would most severely impact terminally differentiated cells, such as neurons. The neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorder β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) resulted from heterozygous or hemizygous germline mutations/pathogenic variant of the X chromosome gene WDR45, encoding WD40 repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides 4 (WIPI4). This most recently identified subtype of the spectrum of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation diseases is characterized by a biphasic mode of disease manifestation and progression. The first phase involves early-onset of epileptic seizures, global developmental delay, intellectual disability and autistic syndrome. Subsequently, Parkinsonism and dystonia, as well as dementia, emerge in a subacute manner in adolescence or early adulthood. BPAN disease phenotypes are thus complex and linked to a wide range of other neuropathological disorders. WIPI4/WDR45 has an essential role in autophagy, acting as a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding effector that participates in autophagosome biogenesis and size control. Here, we discuss recent updates on WIPI4’s mechanistic role in autophagy and link the neuropathological manifestations of BPAN’s biphasic infantile onset (epilepsy, autism) and adolescent onset (dystonic, Parkinsonism, dementia) phenotypes to neurological consequences of autophagy impairment that are now known or emerging in many other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. As monogenic WDR45 mutations in BPAN result in a large spectrum of disease phenotypes that stem from autophagic dysfunctions, it could potentially serve as a simple and unique genetic model to investigate disease pathology and therapeutics for a wider range of neuropathological conditions with autophagy defects.
Implementation of a PV Module–Integrated Dual-Boost DC-AC Converter–Based Isolated Microinverter for Grid-Connected Application
Authors: Sarasagopalan Kamalathiyagarajan , Shokkalingam Chitra Selvi
Published: September 2018

In this article, a Photovoltaic (PV) array–integrated dual-boost dc-ac converter operating as an isolated single-phase microinverter is presented to track and export the power produced on the PV array to grid and load. The single-phase microinverter, which utilizes the cascaded connection of the dc-dc converter, rectifier, and an inverter, offers high boosting gain with low-duty ratio. However, the cascaded connection of the converters offers low conversion efficiency that is due to the usage of an increased number of power-switching devices. The proposed isolated dual-boost microinverter is designed to offer high Maximum Power Point Tracking efficiency, high conversion ratio, and high conversion efficiency with a reduced number of switches and passive elements. The design considerations and six different modes of the microinverter are presented. The simulated and experimental results are presented to investigate the proposed dual-boost dc-ac converter–operated microinverter.
The Handmaid's Tale as Ustopian Allegory: “Stars and Stripes Forever, Baby”
Authors: Hendershot Heather
Published: September 2018

Hulu's The Handmaid's Tale (2017–) resonates strongly as an allegorical, science-fictional response to the Trump administration. The show refuses to accept the “new normal” as normal and acknowledges its audience's simultaneous feelings of resistance and exhaustion. The program ultimately argues that, while hope alone is not enough to sustain anyone through the Trump years, it is the right place to start. Above all, the program points to the power of collective resistance. As Americans face down a fascist president, as they contend with babies torn from their mother's bosoms at the border, as they confront a powerful resurgence in White Nationalist activism, the country has perhaps never felt more divided, or threatened. And yet the only way to defeat Trumpism is by standing together and collectively pushing back. The Handmaid's Tale may not show viewers exactly how to do that, but it does show its audience exactly what it would feel like.
The Time Is Now: Pressure, Guerrilla, and the (Re)invention of Black British Cinema and History
Authors: Williams James S.
Published: September 2018

James Williams considers how and why John Ridley's acclaimed 2017 television series Guerrilla (Sky Atlantic/Showtime) 'reradicalizes' early black British radical cinema, specifically Horace Ové's 1975 film, Pressure, the first feature-length work by a black British director. For Guerrilla's fictional narrative about a Black Power terrorist cell in London in 1972 pursues an option that Pressure, about the gradual radicalization of a young black British teenager in West London, resolutely avoids, namely militant violence. A close comparative study of both works in terms of characterization, cinematic style, the depiction of urban space, and the representation of violence highlights the originality and overlooked significance of Ové's pioneering film. It also suggests that Ridley reinvents the story of Black Power in early 1970s Britain in order to intervene in more contemporary debates taking place in the US about diversity and the function of revolutionary violence to effect social change.
Decolonizing Documentary On-Screen and Off: Sensory Ethnography and the Aesthetics of Accountability
Authors: Ginsburg Faye
Published: September 2018

Over the last decade, ethnographic documentary has evolved in two notable directions, reflecting an ongoing dialectic in the field regarding the on and off-screen possibilities of this work. The “sensory ethnography” films that have emerged from Harvard's Sensory Ethnography Lab are paradigm-shifting works have emphasized the immersive and experiential as strategies of formal experimentation in the field of nonfiction filmmaking. Elsewhere, documentaries and ethno-fiction works are being made that are innovative in terms of their emphasis on the collaborative relationships with the people who are the subjects of their works, and their concerns with accountability that are evident both off and on-screen. Ginsburg suggests that their connective tissue might be understood as constituting a form of “relational documentary” built on a robust sense of aesthetics of accountability as an alternative site of filmic innovation, with considered ethical concerns regarding the people whose lives are represented in the works.
The Vulnerable Spectator
Authors: Hastie Amelie
Published: September 2018

This entry of the “Vulnerable Spectator” column draws upon Jennifer Fox's autobiographical film The Tale (2018), which struggles with the filmmaker's memories of the 1970s, in order to reconsider the 1974 film Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (dir. Martin Scorsese). Situating Alice within the history of women's contributions to US commercial film production and feminist film theory, Hastie argues both for a recognition of Ellen Burstyn's authorial role in regard to the film and for a more expansive theoretical and historiographic practice in relation to the era. This column kicks off a series of VS columns that will revisit U.S. films of the 1970s in order to understand their historical, theoretical, and contemporary relevance.
Banking on Remittances? How opening a bank account in the United States affects Mexican migrants sending money back to Mexico
Authors: Barrett Benjamin W. , Durden T. Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

Data from 154 different Mexican communities, housed within the Mexican Migration Project (mmp), is used to explore the influence of U.S. assimilation on a Mexican migrant’s propensity to remit money back to Mexico. A migrant opening a U.S. bank account is employed as a proxy for assimilation. Sociodemographic, U.S. migration, and Mexican community control variables are included. It is found that a migrant opening a bank account during the last U.S. migration is associated with a reduced probability of remitting money back to Mexico, suggesting a shift in social and economic activity from Mexico to the U.S. for migrants abroad.

Los datos de 154 comunidades mexicanas, agrupados en el Mexican Migration Project (mmp), se utilizan para explorar la influencia de la asimilación a Estados Unidos sobre los migrantes mexicanos, tomando en cuenta su propensión a enviar remesas de vuelta a México. La apertura de una cuenta bancaria en Estados Unidos por parte de un migrante se emplea como una forma subsidiaria de asimilación. Se incluyen variables sociodemográficas, de migración a Estados Unidos y de control de las comunidades mexicanas. Los hallazgos dicen que la apertura de una cuenta bancaria por parte de un migrante durante la última ola de migración a Estados Unidos se asocia a una menor probabilidad de enviar remesas de vuelta a México, lo cual sugiere un cambio en la actividad social y económica de México hacia Estados Unidos por parte de los migrantes en el extranjero.
Missed clinical clues in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma discovered by imaging
Authors: Rogowski-Lehmann Natalie , Geroula Aikaterini , Prejbisz Aleksander , Timmers Henri J L M , Megerle Felix , Robledo Mercedes , Fassnacht Martin , Fliedner Stephanie M J , Reincke Martin , Stell Anthony , Januszewicz Andrzej , Lenders Jacques W M , Eisenhofer Graeme , Beuschlein Felix
Published: September 2018

Background

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare but potentially harmful tumors that can vary in their clinical presentation. Tumors may be found due to signs and symptoms, as part of a hereditary syndrome or following an imaging procedure.

Objective

To investigate potential differences in clinical presentation between PPGLs discovered by imaging (iPPGLs), symptomatic cases (sPPGLs) and those diagnosed during follow-up because of earlier disease/known hereditary mutations (fPPGL).

Design

Prospective study protocol, which has enrolled patients from six European centers with confirmed PPGLs. Data were analyzed from 235 patients (37 iPPGLs, 36 sPPGLs, 27% fPPGLs) and compared for tumor volume, biochemical profile, mutation status, presence of metastases and self-reported symptoms. iPPGL patients were diagnosed at a significantly higher age than fPPGLs (P < 0.001), found to have larger tumors (P = 0.003) and higher metanephrine and normetanephrine levels at diagnosis (P = 0.021). Significantly lower than in sPPGL, there was a relevant number of self-reported symptoms in iPPGL (2.9 vs 4.3 symptoms,P < 0.001). In 16.2% of iPPGL, mutations in susceptibility genes were detected, although this proportion was lower than that in fPPGL (60.9%) and sPPGL (21.5%). Patients with PPGLs detected by imaging were older, have higher tumor volume and more excessive hormonal secretion in comparison to those found as part of a surveillance program. Presence of typical symptoms indicates that in a relevant proportion of those patients, the PPGL diagnosis had been delayed.

Précis

Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma discovered by imaging are often symptomatic and carry a significant proportion of germline mutations in susceptibility genes.
Brote posfuego de la palma en el bosque amazónico: ¿son los tallos subterráneos una ventaja?
Authors: Athaydes Liesenfeld Marcus Vinicius , Vieira Gil
Published: September 2018

La familia Arecaceae es ideal para estudios de resiliencia e impactos; sin embargo el fuego es el impacto menos estudiado entre los disturbios actuales que afectan las palmas tropicales americanas. El presente estudio fue el primero en cuantificar y describir el brote posfuego de las palmas en la Selva Amazónica. Para evaluar las morfologías que se relacionan con la mortalidad o brotación posfuego experimental, hicimos: 1) analizar las estrategias de respuesta de las palmas del sotobosque a la perturbación del incendio; 2) comparar las respuestas al fuego entre las especies de tallo subterráneo y de tallo aéreo y 3) las respuestas al fuego entre especies con y sin habilidad clonal. Para las palmeras sometidas a este experimento, el fuego no fue capaz de eliminar todos los individuos y después de ~140 días, encontramos que los tallos aéreos tenían más brotes basales que los tallos subterráneos. Las especies de tallos subterráneos tienen más rebrotes apicales que las especies de tallos aéreos. El número de individuos con brotes es mayor en especies clonales que en especies sin esta habilidad. Por lo tanto, concluimos que las especies de palmeras de la Amazonia occidental tienen una respuesta diferencial al impacto del fuego.
A Perspective Model of Innovative Integrated Structure Comprising University, Research Facility and Enterprise
Authors: Kharin Alexander A. , Kharina Olga S. , Rodyukov Aleksandr V. , Petrova Elena S.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. The problem of mathematical modeling in innovative technologies is the lack of a developed general model of innovation processes. The existing approaches allow simulating innovations from any one part: political, economic (in various aspects) or describe the general structure of innovative activity. For example, innovations can be estimated such indicator as sales volume of an innovative product. However, it does not mean that there are no other indicators or they are not important.
Materials and Methods. The models by L. Leydesdorf and S. Kauffman, including NK model originally used for the analysis of development of biological populations, were chosen for research of the model choice problems of the innovative integrated structure between university, the enterprise and research laboratory.
Results. Modeling the innovative integrated structure between participants of process is carried out based on expert assessment of the innovative landscape for a case of the maximum interdependence.
Conclusions. A brief description of modeling methods in innovative technologies is presented in this article. The general description of the problem sphere is given. The current state of researches of this problem is specified. The imitation of innovative networks development options based on the NK model at the independent strategy of participants is constructed. The case of the maximum complexity of network when all participants of an innovation are interconnected and also local and global optimum in a landscape of projects payback is considered.
Studying Quality Characteristics of Flax Fiber Depending on Deseeding Device Design
Authors: Galkin Alexey V. , Fadeev Denis G. , Uschapovsky Igor V.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. The processe of harvesting fiber flax is characterized by tough interactions of the work tools of the flax puller and parts of plants. Different principles and design of work tools for taking out seed bolls from the stem, used in flax harvesting machines, have both advantages and disadvantages. Single-drum comb deseeders are the most effective, but the level of damage to the stems caused during the working of these mechanisms is high. The purpose of this work is the experimental substantiation of constructive changes in the comb deseeder, which allows reducing damage to the stems of the flax fiber in the process of combing and improving the quality of the flax material.
Materials and Methods. Fields and laboratories studies of flax harvesting and technological tests of flax straw and fiber were carried out according to the existing methods and standard protocols (GOST). The influence of the harvesting combine speed and deseeder type (the drum for the taking flax balls off by the stems’ combing and for the transporting removed balls to hopper) on the yield and quality of the fiber were determined. The fiber flax variety Alexim (cultivated by All Russian Research Institute for Flax Production, Torzhok) was used as a plant object and the harvesting was carried out in the vegetation stage “yellow stem” – “full ripeness”.
Results. The classical design of the combing drum with four ridges for deseeding was changed to three ones that means only one of ridges should be in the layer of flax stems during the combing process. That design could decrease damage to the stems when deseeding stems. Instrumental assessment of fiber shows that after the deseeding by the threeridges drum the quality of flax straw was 0.97–1.09 numbers that was by 0.19–0.28 numbers higher than after using four-ridges drums.
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the reducing of the load on the flax stems has a positive effect on the quality of the fibrous products. The yield of long fiber increases by 1.27–1.54% (abs.), and the fiber quality – by 0.3 numbers.
Resilience Processes, Engagement and Emotional Competencies, in Professionals Attending Elder People in Violence Situations in Saltillo, Coahuila and Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Authors: Castro Saucedo Laura Karina , De León Alvarado Cesar Arnulfo , Acevedo Alemán Jesús , Ramírez Ríos Cesar Omar
Published: September 2018

En los últimos años se han incrementado los estudios sobre la resiliencia como un proceso desarrolladofilogeneticamente para la supervivencia (Stein, 2009; Aparecida dos Santos & Nunes Moreira, 2014). El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la relación existente entre las dimensiones de la resiliencia de profesionales que atienden adultos mayores y el engagement laboral y la relación con las competencias emocionales. Se elaboraron modelos de regresión lineal para establecer los niveles de predicción entre las variables independientes y dependiente. Los principales resultados arrojan una relación entre la resiliencia (así como sus diversas dimensiones), el engagement (β = .207; p =. 005) y las competencias emocionales (β =.710; p =.001) incluyendo cuatro de las cinco dimensiones en el análisis (R2= .724, F = 108.63, gl = 2, p = .001).
Duly verified? Language analysis in UK asylum applications of Syrian refugees
Authors: Matras Yaron
Published: September 2018

This article examines current LADO (Language Analysis for the Determination of Origin) practice as documented in a sample of recent reports that assess the speech of Syrian asylum seekers. I show how a method that purports to ensure transparency of data, and contextualisation of the analysis in published research, presents certain problems by framing the question of linguistic background as two juxtaposed hypotheses. I suggest that this approach risks biasing the results by excluding the possibility that speech can be varied and multi-layered. At the same time, points of concern around LADO procedures raised by researchers, such as analysts’ inadequate qualifications and failure to take variation into account, are resonating with the judicial system via arguments presented in counter-expertise reports. I argue in favour of an inductive approach to language analysis that draws on a holistic dialect-geographical assessment while giving consideration to sociolinguistic and discourse analytical dimensions.
Book Reviews
Authors: Azuelos-Atias Sol
Published: September 2018

The Pragmatic Turn in Law: Inference and Interpretation in Legal DiscourseJanet Giltrow and Dieter Stein (eds.) (2017)De Gruyter 373pp
CHANGES MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANTS PROTEIN-1 IN HELICOBACTER PYLORIASSOCIATED GASTRODUODENAL DISEASES
Authors: Matveeva L. V. , Kapkaeva R. C. , Chudajkin A. N. , Mishanina L. S.
Published: September 2018

Chemoattractants monocyte protein-1 (MCP-1) is a low molecular weight cytokine, secreted by many cells of the body. The synthesis  of MCP-1 can induce the lipopolysaccharides of bacteria, a range of  cytokines. It is believed that MCP-1 regulates the migration and  infiltration of tissue by monocytes, T-lymphocytes memory, natural  killer cells, is involved in differentiation of naive T-helper cells. There  is evidence oncogenic and antitumor activity of MCP-1 at different stages of tumor progression. The aim of this work was the  determination and comparison of serum level of MCP-1 by infection  with Helicobacter (H.) pylori in precancerous conditions and gastric cancer.Material and methods. Surveyed with the informed consent 204  patients with precancerous diseases of the stomach, 40 patients with gastric cancer and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients at  esophagogastroduodenoscopy conducted the fence of material for  target biopsy for histological and microbiological studies. Blood on  the immunoassay climbed in the morning on an empty stomach from the cubital vein in a volume of 5 ml in a vial without preserving  agent, the serum was separated by centrifugation for 10 minutes. By ELISA in the serum of patients determined the level of MCP-1, titer of total antibodies to the cytotoxin-associated protein of H. pylori. The obtained data statistically processed.Results. The amount of MCP-1 in serum of the patients significantly  exceeded the data of healthy individuals in all groups of comparison. Values of MCP-1 during exacerbation of gastric ulcer  was higher than patients with exacerbation of chronic not atrophic  and focal atrophic gastritis. The concentration of MCP-1 280 pg/ml was detected in 17.6% of patients with pre-cancerous conditions of the stomach. When ulceration process there was a strong direct correlation of the severity of its course and the number of MCP-1 in  serum. Serum level of MCP-1 in 5.0% of patients with gastric cancer was at the upper limit of normal values, and 77.5% of  patients exceeded it. Indicator in gastric cancer significantly prevailed over the values in precancerous conditions, was correlated with the tumor stage. The level of MCP-1 in serum of  the examined healthy volunteers, patients with exacerbation of  chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, polyposis, gastric cancer was  correlated with the titers of total antibodies to the cytotoxin-associated protein of H. pylori.Conclusion. Determination of serum level of MCP-1 in precancerous conditions and gastric cancer is diagnostically valuable. Comparison  of indicator values with the titers of total antibodies to the cytotoxin- associated protein of H. pylori prognostically significant, as it allows  to assess the intensity of the induction signal to production of a  cytokine.