bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical and seasonal variations of gravity wave activities in the upper mesosphere measured by space-borne imaging of molecular oxygen nightglow
Authors: Hozumi Yuta , Saito Akinori , Sakanoi Takeshi , Yue Jia , Yamazaki Atsushi , Liu Hanli
Published: May 2024

Geographical and seasonal variations of gravity wave events in the upper mesosphere were investigated using the nightglow imaging data obtained by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) on the Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere (IMAP) onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The nadir-imaging data of the O2(0–0) atmospheric band (762 nm) with the typical emission peak around 95 km altitude was used to investigate small-scale waves (horizontal wavelengths less than ~ 200 km) on a global scale. To detect gravity wave events, the variance of high-pass filtered nightglow images within a local 100 km radius was evaluated, with a threshold set at three times the standard deviation from the average variance of the background level. A data screening algorithm that evaluates the variance of upwelling contamination light emission was also introduced to remove contaminated data. Applying the variance filter and data screening algorithm to a nearly 3-year data set, from November 2012 to August 2015, occurrence maps of wave events for four seasons were derived. The occurrence maps show a higher frequency of wave events in winter high latitudes (> 40° N/S), considerably attributed to gravity wave activity associated with the polar night jet. Hot spots were observed near orographic sources in winter high latitudes, including the eastern part of North America, Europe, and the southern Andes. In the summer hemisphere, hot spots were detected at mid-to-high latitudes such as North America, Europe, and the eastern side of the Eurasian continent, and at equatorial latitudes just above the intertropical convection zone (ITCZ). They are likely gravity waves from deep convection that arise from mid-latitude summertime thunderstorms and the ITCZ, respectively. During the equinox seasons, hot spots were detected near convective sources such as the Amazon Rainforest, Congo Rainforest, and the Indochina peninsula.

Graphical Abstract
International Trauma Questionnaire and Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9: validity evidence and measurement invariance of their Brazilian versions
Authors: Aprigio Isabelle , dos Santos Pedro Paulo Pires , Gauer Gustavo
Published: May 2024

Background

The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is used to measure posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms, and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9 (PTCI-9) is used to measure posttraumatic cognitions. Both tools have been translated for use in Brazil. However, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian versions were not investigated, and no study has verified the invariance of these tools for many traumatic event types.

Objective

This study examined the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and the PTCI-9 for trauma type, gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region.

Methods

A total of 2,111 people (67.74% women) participated in an online survey. The scale models were tested via confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance through multigroup analyses. Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to examine the relationships between PTSD, CPTSD, posttraumatic cognitions, and depressive symptoms.

Results

Except for the affective dysregulation factor, the reliabilities of the ITQ and PTCI-9 dimensions were adequate. Models with six correlated dimensions for the ITQ and three correlated dimensions for the PTCI-9 showed adequate fit to the data. The ITQ and PTCI-9 exhibited scalar invariance for gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region. The ITQ also demonstrated full invariance for trauma type. The factors of both instruments were related to each other and to depressive symptoms, with higher effect sizes for posttraumatic cognitions and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Conclusion

We recommend using the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and PTCI-9, which are crucial tools for assessing and treating trauma-related disorders.
Memory and belief updating following complete and partial reminders of fake news
Authors: Kemp Paige L. , Sinclair Alyssa H. , Adcock R. Alison , Wahlheim Christopher N.
Published: May 2024

Fake news can have enduring effects on memory and beliefs. An ongoing theoretical debate has investigated whether corrections (fact-checks) should include reminders of fake news. The familiarity backfire account proposes that reminders hinder correction (increasing interference), whereas integration-based accounts argue that reminders facilitate correction (promoting memory integration). In three experiments, we examined how different types of corrections influenced memory for and belief in news headlines. In the exposure phase, participants viewed real and fake news headlines. In the correction phase, participants viewed reminders of fake news that either reiterated the false details (complete) or prompted recall of missing false details (partial); reminders were followed by fact-checked headlines correcting the false details. Both reminder types led to proactive interference in memory for corrected details, but complete reminders produced less interference than partial reminders (Experiment 1). However, when participants had fewer initial exposures to fake news and experienced a delay between exposure and correction, this effect was reversed; partial reminders led to proactive facilitation, enhancing correction (Experiment 2). This effect occurred regardless of the delay before correction (Experiment 3), suggesting that the effects of partial reminders depend on the number of prior fake news exposures. In all experiments, memory and perceived accuracy were better when fake news and corrections were recollected, implicating a critical role for integrative encoding. Overall, we show that when memories of fake news are weak or less accessible, partial reminders are more effective for correction; when memories of fake news are stronger or more accessible, complete reminders are preferable.
Historical and recent fire ecology on national wildlife refuges: a case study on Aransas National Wildlife Refuge
Authors: Golden Katherine E. , Hemingway Benjamin L. , Frazier Amy E. , Harrell Wade , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Davis Craig A.
Published: May 2024

Background

The southeastern United States consists of diverse ecosystems, many of which are fire-dependent. Fires were common during pre-European times, and many were anthropogenic in origin. Understanding how prescribed burning practices in use today compare to historic fire regimes can provide perspective and context on the role of fire in critical ecosystems. On the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), prescribed burning is conducted to prevent live oak (Quercus fusiformis) encroachment and preserve the openness of the herbaceous wetlands and grasslands for endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) and Aplomado falcons (Falco femoralis). This field note builds a digital fire atlas of recent prescribed burning on the refuge and compares it to the historical fire ecology of ANWR.

Results

Findings indicate that the refuge is maintaining fire-dependent ecosystems with an extensive burn program that includes a fire return interval between 2 and 10 years on a majority of the refuge, with some locations experiencing much longer intervals. These fire return intervals are much shorter than the historic burn regime according to LANDFIRE.

Conclusions

Following the fire return intervals projected by LANDFIRE, which project longer intervals than the prescribed fire program, would likely be detrimental to endangered species management by allowing increased woody plant encroachment and loss of open habitat important to whooping cranes and Aplomado falcons. Since prescribed fire is part of the management objectives on many national wildlife refuges in the United States, quantifying recent and historical fire ecology can provide useful insights into future management efforts, particularly in cases where endangered species are of special concern and management efforts may be counter to historical disturbance regimes.
Critical vulnerabilities of food selections based on nutrient content claims and reference amounts of food and creating a reliable procedure
Authors: Forouzesh Abed , Forouzesh Fatemeh , Samadi Foroushani Sadegh , Forouzesh Abolfazl
Published: May 2024

Computing the food component (nutrient) amount in 100 kilocalories, 100 grams or 100 milliliters, the reference amount customarily consumed (RACC), or 50 grams of food demonstrates the food component amount of some foods unsuitably. So, selecting some foods based on them may elevate the hazards of some chronic diseases. Computing the food component amount and assessing suitable levels of food components and the nutritional quality according to the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the suggested procedure were implemented on 8,596 food cases, 29 food components, and 25 food categories. Selecting some foods under the FDA and CAC to reach sufficient intakes of positive food components surpassed energy demands. Selecting some foods under the CAC did not satisfy the demands of positive food components. Some foods that satisfied the demands of positive food components were not suitable food selections under the CAC. Selecting some foods under the FDA or CAC surpassed the demands of negative food components (including cholesterol, energy, fat, saturated fat, and sodium). Some foods that did not surpass the demands of negative food components were not suitable food selections under the CAC or FDA. Due to the vulnerabilities of selecting foods on the basis of the reference amounts of food, fast foods under the CAC and FDA in serving size (the serving size or serving is obtained from the RACC), spices and herbs under the CAC in 100 grams or 100 milliliters, and vegetables and vegetable products under the CAC in 100 kilocalories obtained the highest average scores for nutritional quality based on positive food components (including vitamins, protein, dietary fiber, and minerals, excluding sodium) among food categories for children aged four years and older and adults.

Graphical Abstract
Brugada syndrome: a review and the role of epicardial ablation in management
Authors: Abuzuagaia Osama Jema , Abozguia Khalid , Darrat Yousef
Published: May 2024

Background

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmogenic syndrome characterized by cove-shaped ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V3 and incomplete or complete right bundle branch block. BrS exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and a male predominance. It carries a significant risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Main body

Recent studies have highlighted the presence of epicardial fibrosis as a proarrhythmic substrate in BrS, revolutionizing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. Catheter ablation has emerged as a crucial intervention for symptomatic BrS patients experiencing recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or VF. By potentially obviating the need for implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) implantation, epicardial ablation offers a promising therapeutic approach.

Conclusion

This review emphasizes the significance of current evidence and ongoing research in shaping the role of epicardial ablation as a curative strategy in BrS management, highlighting its potential benefits and the necessity for further investigation.
Crouching the tiger, or hiding the dragon? scale in China’s heritage production
Authors: Yu Yi , Wang June
Published: May 2024

In the built heritage studies, the intricate web of social and selective processes that define heritage is evident. These processes are, in many cases, intertwined with the notion of scale, examplified through the production of heritage sites at the local, national, and transnational scales. While heritage and geography scholars have articulated the role played by scale in heritage-making and argue against a rigid, fixed, and hierarchical understanding of scale, they highlight the constant reproduction of scale. There is, so far, limited explanation of how the perception of scale gets reproduced and how crucial actors manipulate scalar power and resources for heritage making and the reproduction of scale. To fill this gap, this paper delves into mainland China’s heritage-making, using the southern Anhui historical villages as an example. Based on intensive 5-month field research, this paper has three findings: 1) The nomination process for a World Heritage Site is notably influenced by politics and selectivity; 2) Diverse stakeholders are pivotal in shaping heritage narratives; 3) Individual contributions to heritage creation directly interact with, and subsequently reshape, ‘scale’, an entity that is simultaneously discursive and tangible. By integrating the notion of ‘scale’ into heritage discussions, we illuminate two concurrent processes: creating hierarchies through rule assimilation by interpreting the UNESCO standard internally and evolving socio-spatial dynamics via the manifestation of individual agency with resource manipulation, scale jumping, and reproduction of scale. This approach aligns with the material orientation in human geography and repositions ‘scale’. Here, it’s not just an epistemological framework but also a tangible force that steers individual perceptions and actions and yields measurable material impacts.
Characterization of Freezing Processes in Drug Substance Bottles by Ice Core Sampling
Authors: Peláez Sarah S. , Mahler Hanns-Christian , Vila Pau Rubirola , Huwyler Jörg , Allmendinger Andrea
Published: May 2024

Freezing of biological drug substance (DS) is a critical unit operation that may impact product quality, potentially leading to protein aggregation and sub-visible particle formation. Cryo-concentration has been identified as a critical parameter to impact protein stability during freezing and should therefore be minimized. The macroscopic cryo-concentration, in the following only referred to as cryo-concentration, is majorly influenced by the freezing rate, which is in turn impacted by product independent process parameters such as the DS container, its size and fill level, and the freezing equipment. (At-scale) process characterization studies are crucial to understand and optimize freezing processes. However, evaluating cryo-concentration requires sampling of the frozen bulk, which is typically performed by cutting the ice block into pieces for subsequent analysis. Also, the large amount of product requirement for these studies is a major limitation. In this study, we report the development of a simple methodology for experimental characterization of frozen DS in bottles at relevant scale using a surrogate solution. The novel ice core sampling technique identifies the axial ice core in the center to be indicative for cryo-concentration, which was measured by osmolality, and concentrations of histidine and polysorbate 80 (PS80), whereas osmolality revealed to be a sensitive read-out. Finally, we exemplify the suitability of the method to study cryo-concentration in DS bottles by comparing cryo-concentrations from different freezing protocols (-80°C vs -40°C). Prolonged stress times during freezing correlated to a higher extent of cryo-concentration quantified by osmolality in the axial center of a 2 L DS bottle.

Graphical Abstract
Beyond Stages: Predicting Individual Time Dependent Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pribitzer Stephan , O’Rourke Colin , Ylescupidez Alyssa , Smithmyer Megan , Bender Christine , Speake Cate , Lord Sandra , Greenbaum Carla J
Published: May 2024

Background

Essentially all individuals with multiple autoantibodies will develop clinical type 1 diabetes. Multiple autoantibodies (AABs) and normal glucose tolerance define stage 1 diabetes; abnormal glucose tolerance defines stage 2. However, the rate of progression within these stages is heterogeneous, necessitating personalized risk calculators to improve clinical implementation.

Methods

We developed 3 models using TrialNet's Pathway to Prevention data to accommodate the reality that not all risk variables are clinically available. The small model included AAB status, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and age, while the medium and large models added predictors of disease progression measured via oral glucose tolerance testing.

Findings

All models markedly improved granularity regarding personalized risk missing from current categories of stages of type 1 diabetes. Model-derived risk calculations are consistent with the expected reduction of risk with increasing age and increase in risk with higher glucose and lower insulin secretion, illustrating the suitability of the models. Adding glucose and insulin secretion data altered model predicted probabilities within stages. In those with high 2-hour glucose, a high C-peptide markedly decreased predicted risk; a lower C-peptide obviated the age-dependent risk of 2-hour glucose alone, providing a more nuanced estimate of the rate of disease progression within stage 2.

Conclusion

While essentially all those with multiple AABs will develop type 1 diabetes, the rate of progression is heterogeneous and not explained by any individual single risk variable. The model-based probabilities developed here provide an adaptable personalized risk calculator to better inform decisions about how and when to monitor disease progression in clinical practice.
The Human Intermediate Prolactin Receptor I-tail Contributes Breast Oncogenesis by Targeting Ras/MAPK Pathway
Authors: Shen Shanwei , Radhakrishnan Senthil K , Harrell J Chuck , Puchalapalli Madhavi , Koblinski Jennifer , Clevenger Charles
Published: May 2024

Prolactin and its receptor (PRLr) in humans are significantly involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. The intermediate form of human PRLr (hPRLrI) is produced by alternative splicing and has a novel 13 amino acid tail (“I-tail”) gain. hPRLrI induces significant proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of normal mammary epithelia in vitro when coexpressed with the long form hPRLr (hPRLrL). hPRLrL and hPRLrI coexpression is necessary to induce the transformation of mammary epithelia in vivo. The I-tail is associated with the ubiquitin-like protein neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8. Treatment with the neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat resulted in increased hPRLrL and the death of breast cancer cells. The goal of this study was to determine the function of the hPRLrI I-tail in hPRLrL/hPRLrI-mediated mammary transformation. hPRLrL/hPRLrI and hPRLrL/hPRLrIΔ13 (I-tail removal mutant) were delivered to MCF10AT cells. Cell proliferation was decreased when hPRLrI I-tail was removed. I-tail deletion decreased anchorage-independent growth and attenuated cell migration. The I-tail was involved in Ras/MAPK signaling but not PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as shown by western blot. I-tail removal resulted in decreased hPRLrI stability. RNA-sequencing data revealed that I-tail removal resulted in differential gene expression induced by prolactin. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the activity of ERK was attenuated. Treatment of breast cancer cells with ERK1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib resulted in decreased colony-forming ability and less proliferation. These studies suggest that the hPRLrI I-tail contributed to breast oncogenesis and may be a promising target for the development of new breast cancer therapies.
Functional Analysis of a Novel HNF4A Variant Identified in a Patient With MODY1
Authors: Morikawa Shuntaro , Ko Hui Ling , Ren Ee Chee , Hara Kazuya , Kaneko Naoya , Hishimura Nozomi , Nakamura Akie , Manabe Atsushi
Published: May 2024

Context

HNF4A–maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY1) is a relatively rare subtype of monogenic diabetes caused by loss of function of the HNF4A gene, which encodes the transcription factor HNF4α. HNF4α is known to form heterodimers, and the various combinations of isoforms that make up these heterodimers have been reported to result in a diversity of targeted genes. However, the function of individual HNF4α variant isoforms and the heterodimers comprising both wild-type (WT) and variant HNF4α have not yet been assessed.

Objective

In this study, we analyzed the functional consequence of the HNF4A D248Y variant in vitro.

Methods

We investigated the case of a 12-year-old Japanese girl who developed diabetes at age 11 years. Genetic sequencing detected a novel heterozygous missense HNF4A variant (c.742G > T, p.Asp248Tyr; referred as “D248Y”) in the patient and her relatives who presented with diabetes.

Results

Although the WT HNF4α isoforms (HNF4α2, HNF4α3, HNF4α8, HNF4α9) enhanced the INS gene promoter activity in HepG2 cells, the promoter activity of D248Y was consistently low across all isoforms. The presence of D248Y in homodimers and heterodimers, comprising either HNF4α8 or HNF4α3 or a combination of both isoforms, also reduced the INS promoter activity in Panc-1 cells.

Conclusion

We report the clinical course of a patient with HNF4A-MODY and the functional analysis of novel HNF4A variants, with a focus on the isoforms and heterodimers they form. Our results serve to improve the understanding of the dominant-negative effects of pathogenic HNF4A variants.
Na,K-ATPase activity promotes macropinocytosis in colon cancer via Wnt signaling
Authors: Tejeda-Muñoz Nydia , Azbazdar Yagmur , Sosa Eric A. , Monka Julia , Wei Pu-Sheng , Binder Grace , Mei Kuo-Ching , Kurmangaliyev Yerbol Z. , De Robertis Edward M.
Published: May 2024

Recent research has shown that membrane trafficking plays an important role in canonical Wnt signaling through sequestration of the β-catenin destruction complex inside multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and lysosomes. In this study, we introduce Ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na,K-ATPase pump that establishes electric potentials across membranes, as a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. We find that Na,K-ATPase levels are elevated in advanced colon carcinoma, that this enzyme is elevated in cancer cells with constitutively activated Wnt pathway and is activated by GSK3 inhibitors that increase macropinocytosis. Ouabain blocks macropinocytosis, which is an essential step in Wnt signaling, probably explaining the strong effects of Ouabain on this pathway. In Xenopus embryos, brief Ouabain treatment at the 32-cell stage, critical for the earliest Wnt signal in development-inhibited brains, could be reversed by treatment with Lithium chloride, a Wnt mimic. Inhibiting membrane trafficking may provide a way of targeting Wnt-driven cancers.
Hormonal regulation of miRNA during mammary gland development
Authors: Confuorti Cameron , Jaramillo Maritza , Plante Isabelle
Published: May 2024

The mammary gland is a unique organ as most of its development occurs after birth through stages of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis that are tightly regulated by circulating hormones and growth factors. Throughout development, hormonal cues induce the regulation of different pathways, ultimately leading to differential transcription and expression of genes involved in this process, but also in the activation or inhibition of post-transcriptional mechanisms of regulation. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the different phases of mammary gland remodeling is still poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to analyze the expression of miRNA in key stages of mammary gland development in mice and to determine whether it could be associated with hormonal variation between stages. To do so, miRNAs were isolated from mouse mammary glands at stages of adulthood, pregnancy, lactation and involution, and sequenced. Results showed that 490, 473, 419, and 460 miRNAs are detected in adult, pregnant, lactating and involuting mice, respectively, most of them being common to all four groups, and 58 unique to one stage. Most genes could be divided into six clusters of expression, including two encompassing the highest number of miRNA (clusters 1 and 3) and showing opposite profiles of expression, reaching a peak at adulthood and valley at lactation, or showing the lowest expression at adulthood and peaking at lactation. GO and KEGG analyses suggest that the miRNAs differentially expressed between stages influence the expression of targets associated with mammary gland homeostasis and hormone regulation. To further understand the links between miRNA expression and hormones involved in mammary gland development, miRNAs were then sequenced in breast cells exposed to estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin. Four, 38, 24 and 66 miRNAs were associated with progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, and oxytocin exposure, respectively. Finally, when looking at miRNAs modulated by the hormones, differentially expressed during mammary gland development, and having a pattern of expression that could be correlated with the relative levels of hormones known to be found in vivo, 16 miRNAs were identified as likely regulated by circulating hormones. Overall, our study brings a better understanding of the regulation of miRNAs throughout mammary gland development and suggests that there is a relationship between their expression and the main hormones involved in mammary gland development. Future studies will examine this role more in detail.
The CD36 scavenger receptor Bez regulates lipid redistribution from fat body to ovaries in Drosophila
Authors: Carrera Pilar , Odenthal Johanna , Risse Katharina S. , Jung Yerin , Kuerschner Lars , Bülow Margret H.
Published: May 2024

Lipid distribution in an organism is mediated by the interplay between lipoprotein particles, lipoprotein receptors and class B scavenger receptors of the CD36 family. CD36 is a multifunctional protein mediating lipid uptake, mobilization and signaling at the plasma membrane and inside of the cell. The CD36 protein family has 14 members in Drosophila melanogaster, which allows for the differentiated analysis of their functions. Here, we unravel a role for the so far uncharacterized scavenger receptor Bez in lipid export from Drosophila adipocytes. Bez shares the lipid binding residue with CD36 and is expressed at the plasma membrane of the embryonic, larval and adult fat body. Bez loss of function lowers the organismal availability of storage lipids and blocks the maturation of egg chambers in ovaries. We demonstrate that Bez interacts with the APOB homolog Lipophorin at the plasma membrane of adipocytes and trace the Bez-dependent transfer of an alkyne-labeled fatty acid from adipocytes to Lipophorin. Our study demonstrates how lipids are distributed by scavenger receptor–lipoprotein interplay and contribute to the metabolic control of development.
A short guide to the tight junction
Authors: Citi Sandra , Fromm Michael , Furuse Mikio , González-Mariscal Lorenza , Nusrat Asma , Tsukita Sachiko , Turner Jerrold R.
Published: May 2024

Tight junctions (TJs) are specialized regions of contact between cells of epithelial and endothelial tissues that form selective semipermeable paracellular barriers that establish and maintain body compartments with different fluid compositions. As such, the formation of TJs represents a critical step in metazoan evolution, allowing the formation of multicompartmental organisms and true, barrier-forming epithelia and endothelia. In the six decades that have passed since the first observations of TJs by transmission electron microscopy, much progress has been made in understanding the structure, function, molecular composition and regulation of TJs. The goal of this Perspective is to highlight the key concepts that have emerged through this research and the future challenges that lie ahead for the field.
Oncologic Safety of Immediate Oncoplastic Surgery Compared with Standard Breast-Conserving Surgery for Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Authors: Falade Israel , Switalla Kayla , Quirarte Astrid , Baxter Molly , Soroudi Daniel , Rothschild Harriet , Abe Shoko Emily , Goodwin Karen , Piper Merisa , Wong Jasmine , Foster Robert , Mukhtar Rita A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast grows in a diffuse pattern, resulting in a high risk of positive margins at surgical resection. Oncoplastic approaches have been shown to reduce this risk, but concerns persist around the safety of immediate oncoplastic surgery for those with ILC. This study evaluated the short- and long-term oncologic outcomes of immediate oncoplastic surgery for patients with ILC.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed an institutional database of stages I to III ILC patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with or without immediate oncoplastic surgery (oncoplastic closure or oncoplastic reduction mammoplasty [ORM]). The study compared positive margin rates, rates of successful BCS, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) by type of surgery.

Results

For 494 patients the findings showed that the use of immediate ORM was associated with significantly lower odds of positive margins (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.66; p = 0.002). Both lumpectomy with oncoplastic closure and ORM were significantly associated with higher rates of successful BCS than standard lumpectomy (94.2 %, 87.8 %, and 73.9 %, respectively; p < 0.001). No difference in RFS was observed between those undergoing immediate oncoplastic surgery and those undergoing standard lumpectomy alone.

Conclusions

The patients with stages I to III ILC who underwent immediate oncoplastic surgery had significant benefits including lower odds of positive margins and higher rates of successful BCS, with both types of immediate oncoplastic surgery showing similar RFS compared with lumpectomy alone. This supports the oncologic safety of immediate oncoplastic surgery for diffusely growing tumors such as ILC, providing it an ideal option for patients desiring BCS.
Traumatic spinal spondyloptosis presenting in a tertiary care unit in central Nepal
Authors: Munakomi Sunil
Published: May 2024

Introduction Traumatic spinal spondyloptosis, though rare, harbingers a high risk of mortality as well as permanent and disabling neurological deficits. They invariably become socially aloof and marginalized in most parts of our subcontinent owing to the lack of dedicated rehabilitation units amid their poor economic status. There is a paucity of studies pertaining to such rare epiphenomenon within our region. Materials ad Methods A retrospective study of 16 patients presenting with spinal spondyloptosis in a tertiary care center in Nepal was undertaken. The clinical records of the patients were retrieved from the hospital record section to study the demographic variables, modes of injury, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades, salient radiological characteristics, management strategies, and the resultant clinical outcomes. Result The mean age of the cohorts in our study was 40 years with an age range of 25-80 years. Most of the patients presented in ASIA ‘A’ neurological grade (75%). The cervical spine was involved in the majority (68.75%) of cases. 8 (50%) patients left against medical advice, 2 (12.5%) were managed conservatively, and 6 (37.5%) were operated. The posterior-only approach was undertaken in 4(66.67%) cases. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula occurred in 2 (33.33%) patients. And cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 2 (33.33%) patients. The overall hospital mortality was 3(37.5%). Conclusion Traumatic spinal spondyloptosis on our center mostly involved cervical spine (68.75%). 75% of the patients presented with ASIA ‘A’ neurological grade. 50% of them left against medical advice. 37.5% were operated. The overall hospital mortality was 37.5%. This study emphasizes the implementation of a national spinal trauma data bank and the systematic implementation of dedicated neuro-rehabilitation units. This will thereby help improve the clinical outcome among these ‘socially aloof’ and marginalized subsets of neurosurgical patients.
Preventive efficacy of 38% silver diamine fluoride and CPP-ACP fluoride varnish on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization in children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , AlKhouli Muaaz , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: May 2024

Background This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride varnish (CPP-ACPFV) in preventing caries development, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children. Methods A total of 100 children aged 6 to 9 years were enrolled in the study with two contralateral permanent molars mildly affected by MIH. Affected molars were randomly and equally assigned to receive either SDF or CPP-ACPFV treatment. The interventions were applied at four different time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9 months), and the incidence of caries, caries progression, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity were assessed. Results The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the incidence of caries between the groups treated with SDF and CPP-ACPFV (P-value < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in caries progression between the two groups (P-value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in enamel breakdown scores between the treatment groups, as the majority of teeth in both groups exhibited a score of 0. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in sensitivity between the treatment groups throughout the study period. Conclusions In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that molars treated with SDF demonstrated a lower incidence of caries and a higher rate of caries arrest compared to those treated with CPP-ACPFV. Both interventions showed promise in preventing enamel breakdown and improving sensitivity. These findings highlight the potential of SDF and CPP-ACPFV as effective treatments for caries prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and appropriate dental care strategies in maintaining oral health. Trial registration ISRCTN54243749 (13/01/2022).
Location-Specificity and Relocation Incentive Programs for Remote Workers
Authors: Teodorovicz Thomaz , Choudhury Prithwiraj (Raj) , Starr Evan
Published: May 2024

The precipitous growth of remote work has given rise to a new phenomenon: the emergence of relocation incentive programs that localities use to compete for the physical presence of remote workers. Remote workers with high general human capital may create value for their new destinations and reverse net talent outflow from smaller cities in middle America and globally. However, localities seeking to attract, retain, and create value from remote workers face significant challenges because such workers may have a low attachment to their new destination. Analogizing these challenges to the problem of creating and capturing value from workers with general human capital, we argue that localities can benefit from using relocation incentive program by leveraging location-specific attributes that create value for the individual and the locality. We examined these ideas in the context of Tulsa Remote, a program that provides relocation incentives and a bundle of services to increase engagement and embeddedness in Tulsa, Oklahoma. We found that Tulsa Remote increased community engagement, real income, and entrepreneurship of remote workers, benefiting both the community and the individual. Tulsa Remote increased the worker’s willingness to stay, and local community engagement is a key driver of this relationship. This work thus suggests that location specificity enables localities to both create and capture value from remote workers.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17712 .
Student Q&A: Asking questions
Authors: West Fallon
Published: May 2024

Vocational training is a significant pathway into the sector for many students. Fallon West, who has been completing a Level 3 apprenticeship at Spring RAF Benson nursery run by Action for Children, shares her advice for others following a similar route
Strengthening defences to protect PII
Authors: Tesch Petra
Published: May 2024

Organisations are creating or amassing increasingly huge quantities of data, much of which can be classed as personally identifiable information (PII). Any leak of this information can be disastrous – both for the organisation and the people to whom the data relates. Organisations need to reconsider what information they are storing and how they safeguard it.
Forging identity in the cloud – dissecting Silver SAML
Authors: Nahum Tomer , Woodruff Eric
Published: May 2024

An attack method used to forge identities by faking Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) has been with us for years. But now threat actors have raised their game, targeting Microsoft's Entra ID service, which is extensively used by major cloud services.
Generative AI has democratised fraud and cybercrime
Authors: Kadyshevitch Danny
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence has no intrinsic ethical stance. Everything depends on the uses to which it is put. This is leading to an arms race between threat actors, using generative AI and large language models (LLMs) to hone the effectiveness of phishing and other forms of attack, and security professionals looking to conscript AI into the effort to identify and interdict those attackers. What's certain is that no-one can ignore generative AI and LLMs, and it's important to understand both the threat and the potential for enhancing security.
The insider threat ‘zoo’
Authors: Renaud Karen , Warkentin Merrill
Published: May 2024

The ‘insider threat’ is often discussed as though it is a single phenomenon. In fact, there are several species of threat and it's important to understand the differences between them. This article suggests a new taxonomy for insider threats and how to deal with them.
Enhancing data retention with AI-assisted data management
Authors: Fielding Jon
Published: May 2024

As data volumes grow exponentially, it's becoming an increasingly arduous task deciding what to keep and what to delete. Yet this is an essential task – not least for the sake of regulatory compliance. This is one more area where AI can significantly lighten the load.
Expert Survey on Managing Safety Events in Sleep Laboratory
Authors: Kang Kyung Wook , Kang Hyun Goo , Kim Myeong-Kyu , Jung Ki-Young ,   On behalf of the Korean Sleep Research Society
Published: May 2024

Objectives: An increasing number of studies have highlighted the impact of sleep on physical and mental health and a corresponding rise in public interest; numbers of polysomnography (PSG) examinations have correspondingly increased. However, research and recommendations concerning safety events that may occur during PSG are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the current status of safety events in sleep laboratories in Korea and gather expert opinions on this matter. Methods: We conducted a web-based survey of Korean sleep experts to explore their opinions on safety events in sleep laboratories. Results: All Korean sleep experts who participated in this study agreed on the need for guidelines concerning safety events that can occur during PSG. Through this survey, they provided insights into the cardiac and pulmonary safety events that may arise during PSG. Conclusions: This study can assist sleep physicians in managing safety events in sleep laboratories currently, and in the future, it may contribute to the development of guidelines for handling safety events during PSG.
The Effect of Fear of Missing Out and SNS Addiction Proneness on Bedtime Procrastination: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Negative Affect
Authors: Ha Jaepil , Yang NanMee
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The discrepancy between the intention to go to bed and actual behavior is called bedtime procrastination (BP), which is associated with sleep deprivation and reduced sleep time; the higher the level, the higher the daytime sleepiness and fatigue. This study examined how fear of missing out (FoMO), social network service (SNS) addiction proneness, and negative affect (NA) impact BP. Methods: In total, 273 adults (male, 46.5%; female, 53.5%; mean age, 27.15±1.86 years) completed the FoMO scale, SNS addiction proneness scale, NA scale, and BP scale. Results: First, only proneness to SNS addiction had a significant effect on BP (B=0.228, p<0.01). This study verified the significance of the indirect effect and found that SNS addiction proneness completely mediated the relationship between FoMO and BP (B=0.086, 95% CI=0.023– 0.152). Second, the moderating effect of NA was significant in the relationship between FoMO and SNS addiction proneness (B=0.126, p<0.01). Third, the moderated mediating effect of NA through SNS addiction proneness was significant in the relationship between FoMO and BP (Moderated Mediation Index=0.029, 95% bootstrap CI=0.004–0.060). Conclusions: This study is significant in that it verifies the relationship between FoMO and BP, SNS addiction proneness, and NA, and identifies motivational and behavioral factors that cause BP.
Potentially Fatal Parasomnia Suspected to be Caused by Zolpidem
Authors: Lee Wankiun
Published: May 2024

Parasomnia due to a medication or substance is suspected when symptoms occur temporally in relation to exposure to an exogenous substance, such as a drug, and improve upon discontinuation of the exposure. Zolpidem is among the most commonly prescribed medications for insomnia in Korea. However, parasomnia has sometimes been reported to occur post its usage. Here, we present two cases of patients taking zolpidem for insomnia who experienced dangerous events while asleep that they did not recall upon waking. The nature of these events was so perilous that they posed a threat to the patients’ lives. While one patient sustained a bodily injury, the other was at risk of a potentially fatal injury. However, these parasomnias did not recur after discontinuation of zolpidem.
3D visualization in turbid water using optimal photon counting and a GAT-based peplography method
Authors: Tehseen Riffat , Shahzad Muhammad , Mane Mithilesh K. , Ali Amjad , Zhang Zejun , Xu Jing
Published: May 2024

Peplography is a three-dimensional (3D) approach for the visualization of targets in environments characterized by heavy scattering. It detects ballistic photons and subsequently generates a 3D image using integral imaging, where the expected number of ballistic photons is set arbitrarily. However, it affects the robustness of the method and accuracy in the analysis of results. Therefore, we propose a method to determine the optimal number of ballistic photons based on the maximum entropy of the photon counting image. Because accuracy in visualizing 3D targets may be compromised due to extraneous photons and fluctuations in photon intensity, we also address this challenge by integrating the generalized Anscombe transformation (GAT) with the conventional peplography technique. The noise caused by an image sensor during image acquisition can be modeled as a Poisson–Gaussian noise, and the photon counting process can be modeled as a Poisson process. Addressing such noise indirectly involves applying the GAT to the reconstructed image to stabilize its variance, denoising the stabilized data with a Gaussian denoising algorithm (i.e., non-local means filtering), and subsequently applying an exact unbiased inverse GAT to the denoised data. Experimental validation is conducted through experiments, with comparisons to conventional peplography, wavelet peplography, and a few standard dehazing and machine learning methods. Various image quality metrics such as correlation, structural similarity, the peak signal-to-noise ratio, and the natural image quality evaluator are used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over conventional ones.
Learning a global underwater geolocalization model with sectoral transformer
Authors: Bai Xiaoyang , Zhu Zhongmin , Schwing Alexander , Forsyth David , Gruev Viktor
Published: May 2024

Polarization-based underwater geolocalization presents an innovative method for positioning unmanned autonomous devices beneath the water surface, in environments where GPS signals are ineffective. While the state-of-the-art deep neural network (DNN) method achieves high-precision geolocalization based on sun polarization patterns in same-site tasks, its learning-based nature limits its generalizability to unseen sites and subsequently impairs its performance on cross-site tasks, where an unavoidable domain gap between training and test data exists. In this paper, we present an advanced Deep Neural Network (DNN) methodology, which includes a neural network built on a Transformer architecture, similar to the core of large language models such as ChatGPT, and integrates an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for estimating underwater geolocation using polarization-based images. This combination effectively simulates the sun’s daily trajectory, yielding enhanced performance across different locations and quicker inference speeds compared to current benchmarks. Following thorough analysis of over 10 million polarization images from four global locations, we conclude that our proposed technique significantly boosts cross-site geolocalization accuracy by around 28% when contrasted with traditional DNN methods.
On the bubble-bubbleless ocean continuum and its meaning for the LiDAR equation: LiDAR measurement of underwater bubble properties during storm conditions
Authors: Josset D. , Cayula S. , Concannon B. , Sova S. , Weidemann A.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the NRL shipboard LiDAR and the first LiDAR dataset of underwater bubbles. The meaning of these LiDAR observations, the algorithms used and their current limitations are discussed. The derivation of the LiDAR multiple scattering regime is derived from the LiDAR observations and theory. The detection of the underwater bubble presence and their depth is straightforward to estimate from the depolarized laser return. This dataset strongly suggest that the whitecaps term in the LiDAR equation formalism needs to be revisited. The retrieval of the fraction of air volume within a given volume of water (void fraction) is possible and the algorithm is stable with a simple ocean backscatter LiDAR system. The accuracy of the void fraction retrieval will increase significantly with future developments.
Operating point control method for the Mach-Zehnder modulator in a phase-shift laser range finder
Authors: Yang Hongxing , li Jing , Man Xiayi , Yin Ziqi , Wang Yan , Hu Pengcheng
Published: May 2024

An operating point control method is proposed for the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) based on a dual-cascaded MZM structure. Unlike traditional methods with dither signals, the proposed method is advantageous because the components monitored in the control process are not masked by the spectrum noise floor and the drift direction is clearly determined at the quadrature point, thus imparting greater control stability. Additionally, the proposed control method is suitable for phase-shift laser range finders (PSLRFs). Compared with traditional methods, experimental results reveal that the proposed method increases the operating point stability of MZM from ±0.59° to ±0.36° within 2 h, resulting in better ranging stability than 17 μm in 1 min and 39 μm in 1 h in a PSLRF with a 200 MHz modulation frequency.