bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IRITIS AND CONJUNCTIVITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHICKENPOX
Authors: SAARI K. M. , VESIKARI T. , TERHO O. H. , UOTILA P. M. , KOSKIMIES S. , RÄlSÄNEN S.
Published: May 2009

We studied 6 patients with acute iritis or conjunctivitis associated with chickenpox. Five patients were male and one female with the age range nine to 29 years. Three patients had unilateral acute iritis with mild or moderate pericorneal injection, aqueous flare and cells, and keratic precipitates. The iritis subsided in 3 weeks during topical corticosteroid and cycloplegic treatment. Three patients had bilateral conjunctivitis characterized by a smarting sensation and redness in all cases, and photophobia, tearing and mucopurulent exudation in one. The conjunctivitis subsided in 5 to 10 days. All patients were HLA‐B27 negative suggesting that acute iritis or conjunctivitis following varicella infection is not associated with HLA‐B27.
THE INCIDENCE OF GLAUCOMA CAPSULARE BASED ON A DANISH HOSPITAL MATERIAL
Authors: OHRT VAGN , NEHEN JENS HENRIK
Published: May 2009

In a hospital material from North Jutland consisting of 192 cases of open‐angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliations were found in 50 cases, i.e. 26%. So far glaucoma capsulare has been regarded as rare in Denmark, but the incidence found here corresponds well to the one now considered to be valid for the glaucoma population in Norway, where this type of glaucoma has been found particularly frequently. The material supports the by now more widespread objections to the existence of actual geographical differences concerning the frequency of glaucoma capsulare.
BILATERAL SYMMETRICAL SECTORAL PIGMENTARY RETINOPATHY. A REPORT ON A CASE WITH 17‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP AND ON A NEW CASE
Authors: HENNING VIBEKE , FLEDELIUS HANS , ERIKSIMONSEN SVEND
Published: May 2009

A report is given of two Danish cases of symmetrical sectoral pigmentary retinopathy (SPR). Case No. 1 has been followed for 17 years. According to symptoms, ophthalmoscopy and Goldmann perimetry there has been only slight deterioration during the follow‐up, while adaptometry and ERG indicate a marked progression of retinal involvement. Case No. 2 has been diagnosed recently. Fluorescein angiography is shown from both patients.
PERFORATING EYE INJURIES. VISUAL RESULTS AFTER 5 YEARS
Authors: SCHMIDT PETER , PEDERSEN BJARNE
Published: May 2009

A material of 194 patients with perforating eye injuries is presented. The final visual function has been assessed a minimum of 5 years after the injury, and the obtained information, such as sex, age, the site of the lesion, complications, astigmatism, intraocular foreign body etc., has been correlated and compared with the final vision. Totally 52% of the patients had a visual acuity greater than 0.5 and 43% ≥ 0.67. The percent of blind eyes (≤ 0.05) was 36, incl. 13% exenterations. It is pointed out, that several years should elapse before extimation of the Final visual result as 18% had worsened and 44% had a better visual acuity than stated in the case records.
A PILOT STUDY OF CONTRAST SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT OF THE CAM TREATMENT OF AMBLYOPIA
Authors: WOO GEORGE C. , DALZIEL CAROL C.
Published: May 2009

Contrast thresholds of varying spatial frequencies were obtained on 3 amblyopic patients before and after the CAM treatment of amblyopia. Results of this study confirm previous findings that in the absence of change of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function can be changed with the use of this technique. Improvement of contrast sensitivity can occur in older patients and that the sensitivity sometimes can deteriorate when treatment is stopped.
OPHTHALMIC CHANGES FROM AGE OF 10 to 18 YEARS
Authors: FLEDELIUS HANS C.
Published: May 2009

Re‐examination of corrected visual acuity was done in 137 18‐year‐old Danes, who were originally examined at the age of 10 years, as part of a study of sequels to low birth weight (LBW) (Fledelius 1976). Median values indicate that most adolescents are able visually to discriminate considerably above the customary 6/6 limit. As compared with low‐birth‐weighters (n = 70), full‐terms (n = 67) show a significantly higher cumulated visual acuity score. Similarly, binocular median visual acuities are 1.2 (LBW) and 1.4 (in FT). The difference is neither explained by the ex‐prematures' higher frequency of heterotropia, nor by their (minor) share of eyes with subnormal vision. The latter occurred especially in the subgroup of ‘myopia of prematurity’. The exceptional cases with RLF‐blindness were discarded from follow‐up. Concerning visual acuity, the previously reported lagging behind of ex‐prematures in childhood has proven to be not only a temporary delay, but a permanent (adult) feature.
CHANGES IN THE c‐WAVE OF THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM AND IN THE STANDING POTENTIAL OF THE EYE AFTER SMALL DOSES OF TOLUENE AND STYRENE
Authors: SKOOG KLAS‐OLAV , ERIK G. NILSSON SVEN
Published: May 2009

Low and moderate i.v. doses of toluene or styrene dissolved in a lipid emulsion (Intralipid®) were given to cynomolgus monkeys. The d.c. ERG and the standing potential (SP) of the eye were recorded directly with corneal contact lenses, very stable calomel electrodes and under very constant general anaesthesia. Even small doses of the solvents, corresponding approximately to the Swedish hygienic threshold limit values for these solvents in air, clearly provoked slow variations with time in the amplitude of the c‐wave of the ERG and in the SP level. Both potentials are generated mainly in the pigment epithelium. It is suggested that the effects reflect a direct influence of the solvents upon i.a. the cell membrane or the metabolism of the pigment epithelium.
TRANSIENT CHANGES IN SPECULAR APPEARANCE OF THE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM AND IN CORNEAL THICKNESS DURING ANTERIOR UVEITIS
Authors: OLSEN THOMAS
Published: May 2009

Specular microscopic investigations on the corneal endothelium and optical measurements of the corneal thickness were carried out before and at intervals during treatment in 15 patients with acute anterior uveitis. The inflammatory induced changes in the specular appearance of the endothelium included a range of specular defects of which 4 types were distinguished: 1) large defects caused by large precipitates on the back of the cornea, 2) smaller defects also ascribed to precipitates, 3) gutta‐like defects which were not associated with typical precipitates, and 4) defects smaller than one cell's width, the non‐specular correlate of which was uncertain. The fractional area occupied by the specular defects in the acute phase was found to correlate significantly to the observed increase in corneal thickness. With a few exceptions, the endothelial changes disappeared completely in parallel with the other signs of acute inflammation. No cell loss was demonstrated in patients where a control count could be obtained. The maximum increase in corneal thickness ranged from 0.015 to 0.200 mm. During recovery the thickness showed a peculiar tendency to reach slightly subnormal values as a transient phenomenon. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
DECONTAMINATION OF CADAVER CORNEAS
Authors: SPERLING STEFFEN , SØRENSEN INGER G.
Published: May 2009

Bacterial contamination of human corneas, in vivo and post mortem, was investigated. Bacterial samples were obtained by pressing small concave agar plates directly against the corneas. More colony forming units (C. F. U.) occurred in samples obtained from patients in general anaesthesia than in samples obtained from healthy persons in local anaesthesia. The largest number of C.F.U. occurred post mortem. The number of C.F.U. obtained from cadaver corneas was not correlated to post mortem time. Rinsing with water removed 86% of the C. F. U. on cadaver corneas. Rinsing with water for 30 sec followed by 2 min treatment with 0.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) and repeated rinsing removed 98% of the C. F. U. Epithelial or stromal lesions were not found after 2 min of exposure to 0.5% PVP‐I.
CRYOPRESERVATION OF HUMAN CADAVER CORNEAS REGENERATED AT 31°N A MODIFIED TISSUE CULTURE MEDIUM
Authors: SPERLING STEFFEN
Published: May 2009

Human corneas were obtained 2–82 h post mortem, cultured for 20–28 h, in a modified tissue culture medium, frozen at a controlled rate, and thawed rapidly. The thawed corneas were subjected to 20 –28 h of additional culture. Immediately after thawing, a mean endothelial cell damage of 11% was indicated by trypane blue staining. The mean endothelial cell loss during the subsequent culture was 34%. This cell loss was not related to post mortem time, to donor age, to cell loss during the primary culture, or to endothelial cell density.
CORNEAL THICKNESS IN DAILY CONTACT LENS WEAR
Authors: ERIK G. NILSSON SVEN , WRIGSTAD ANDERS
Published: May 2009

The cornal responses to daily wear of Scanlens 75 high water content lenses, average centre thickness 0.23 mm, and of Bausch & Lomb Soflens U3 low water content lenses, centre thickness 0.07 mm, were compared. Calculations of oxygen transmissibility indicated that corneal swelling might be less for the former lenses than for the latter lenses. This assumption was proved to be correct. The average increase in corneal centre thickness over the day (14 h) during a 4 week period was 1.6% for Scanlens 75 and 2.8% for Soflens U3. This difference was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). The thickness increase was greatest during the first week. Tests with thicker lenses showed that the thicker the lenses are, the more important it is to choose high water content lenses. The closed eye period increased corneal swelling in extended lens wear. The results favour a program based on certain high water content lenses and a daily wear schedule.
RETINAL VESSELS IN THE ORA REGION
Authors: LARSSON LENNART , OSTERLIN SVEN
Published: May 2009

During intracapsular lens extraction the extreme retinal periphery is subjected to zonula‐mediated traction and possible damage to the retinal vessels. The vascular pattern at the ora serrata was studied with special reference to the frequency and distribution of vessels positioned adjacent to the ora structures. The possible role of leakage from such vessels in vitreo‐retinal pathology of the aphakic eye is discussed.
TRANEXAMIC ACID IN THE PREVENTION OF SECONDARY HAEMORRHAGE AFTER TRAUMATIC HYPHAEMA
Authors: UUSITALO RISTO J. , SAARI MIKKO S. , AINE ESKO , SAARI K. MATTI
Published: May 2009

The occurrence of secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema was studied in 239 patients treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Tampere Central Hospital during the years 1972 to 1980. From 1972 to 1976, 126 patients with traumatic hyphaema were confined to bed and treated without antifibrinolytic agents; nine (7.1%) of these patients developed secondary haemorrhage. From 1977 to 1980, none of 58 patients with traumatic hyphaema treated with tranexamic acid developed secondary haemorrhage which was seen in 3 (5.5%) of 55 patients treated without antifibrinolytic agents; the activities of these patients were not restricted and the eyes were not patched. The resorption of the hyphaema was significantly delayed in the tranexamic acid treated patients. It is concluded that tranexamic acid delays resorption of the blood‐clot sealing the damaged vessel and preventing secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema without bed‐rest and binocular patching.
EXTENDED WEAR SOFT CONTACT LENSES IN THE TREATMENT OF STRABISMIC AMBLYOPIA
Authors: ELMER J. , FAHMY Y. A. , NYHOLM M. , NØRSKOV K.
Published: May 2009

17 amblyopic children between 4 and 9 years were fitted with high power plus extended wear soft contact lenses (Scanlens 24 h, Duragel 75) for optical occlusion of strabismic amblyopia. Amblyopia and eccentric fixation responded quickly to treatment between 2 to 13 weeks. Only one patient failed to reach 6/9, and 11 patients achieved equal visual acuity. Out of 10 patients with eccentric fixation only two remained eccentric after treatment. The contact lenses were tolerated by the children. Among the problems, concerning the use of extended wear soft contact lenses, should be mentioned fitting problems, deposits, loss of lenses (1 child needed 4 lenses) and occurrence of conjunctivitis (5 eyes). No major infections were seen. A one year follow‐up showed that almost all the children needed renewed occlusion treatment. It is therefore recomended to continue with contact lens occlusion for at total period of 3 months.
PEROPERATIVE PROTECTION OF CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA
Authors: NORN MOGENS S.
Published: May 2009

In 221 consecutive cataract extractions the peroperative epithelial damage was assessed by vital staining with 1 % lissamine green, using logarithmic grading (grade 5 more than 10 000 stained dots) on cornea and on the superior, medial, lateral, and inferior conjunctiva. Evenly spread dots were seen on the cornea in 63 per cent of the eyes not subjected to protective treatment. In 35 per cent we observed staining caused by taut suturing of cornea and/or conjunctiva, in 10 per cent horisontal lines due to corneal bending during the extraction. The cornea was protected most effectively by healon (1% instilled once). Saline (4 or 5 instillations during the operation sufficed) protected equally well as gelatin sponge, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and a soft contact lens. The inferior conjunctiva was protected only by healon, the superior also by saline, gelatin sponge, and polyvinyl alcohol.
NON CORNEAL CLOSED EYE ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY IN HEALTHY PERSONS AND IN PATIENTS WITH NEURONAL CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS (STENGEL ‐ BATTEN ‐ SPIELMEYER ‐ VOGT DISEASE)
Authors: GANES T. , KERTY E.
Published: May 2009

Non corneal “closed eye” ERG was recorded with surface skin electrodes in 22 healthy subjects and in 7 patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Stengel ‐ Batten ‐ Spielmeyer ‐ Vogt disease). Non corneal “closed eye” ERG was present in all normal subjects and the records comprised all the main subcomponents reported in the conventional corneal ERG. While the latencies of the a and b waves in the normal subjects differed but slightly from those reported from corneal ERGs, the amplitudes were reduced in the non corneal “closed eye” ERG. The parameters of the non corneal “closed eye” ERGs in the healthy subjects differed but slightly from those reported on non corneal “open eye” ERGs. When applied on patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, the method proved clinically tenable and no sedation was required. The records showed that ERG was absent in all but one of the patients tested.
PROPHYLACTIC ARGON LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION IN RETINAL DETACHMENT FELLOW EYES
Authors: VATNE HARALD O. , SYRDALEN PER
Published: May 2009

Over a two‐year period (1975–76) 329 patients were operated for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. 301 patients had unilateral detachment and in 62 of these prophylactic photocoagulation with argon laser in the fellow eye was performed. During the observation time one of these (1.6%) and 7 untreated (2.9%) fellow eyes developed retinal detachment. The indication for prophylactic photocoagulation of fellow eyes and the results are discussed.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE LOTMAR VISOMETER FOR MACULA TESTING IN CATARACT PATIENTS
Authors: BERNTH‐PETERSEN PETER , NÆSER KRISTIAN
Published: May 2009

This study is an independent clinical evaluation of the ‘Lotmar Visometer’, an achromatic interferometer that uses moiré fringes with variable pitch making quantitative assessment of macular function possible. Light source is a normal low‐voltage lamp. We evaluated this instrument's ability to predict postoperative visual acuity in 90 consecutive cataract patients. 27% could not see the fringes. Among the rest of the patients the correlation between the instrument's prediction and post‐operative visual acuity was generally poor. When used semiquantitatively or qualitatively, the visometer, however, can provide useful information of the macular function in some patients.
HLA AND OPHTHALMIC DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS: A Critical Review and Improved Method for Statistical Analysis
Authors: MARGO CURTIS E. , TROBE JONATHAN D. , SHUSTER JONATHAN J.
Published: May 2009

A critical review of published ophthalmic histocompatibility antigen association studies found numerous conflicting or ambiguous reports. Methodologic errors that could account for these discrepancies were categorized into 3 groups (1) arbitrary application of statistical methods to determine significance, (2) poor sampling design, and (3) variable disease definition. Multivariate analysis, not previously applied in this area provides a more powerful tool for assessing statistical significance. A computer program using this methodology for large studies is now available.
STUDIES ON HUMAN CORNEAL ULCERS TREATED WITH HISTOACRYLIC GLUE Morphological studies of an successful and unsuccessful membrane
Authors: PRAUSE J. U. , JENSEN O. A.
Published: May 2009

Artificial epithelial corneal barriers of histoacrylic glue have been used since 1968. Experimental and clinical studies have since then indicated that the barrier protects the cornea from repopulation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the tears and thereby from tissue‐destroying enzymes. Using light‐, scanning electron‐ and transmission electron‐microscopical techniques, the differences between a successful and an unsuccessful treatment of a corneal ulcer with histoacrylic glue have been investigated. The successful glue barrier is a continuous membrane tightly bound to the corneal stroma and preventing population of the stroma by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the tear fluid.
DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY A.M. ILIFF A Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: WINTHER JENS
Published: May 2009

Twenty‐eight patients with dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) a.m. Iliff were examined. 70% of the DCR in patients with idiopatic stenosis and 33% of the DCR in patients with post‐traumatic stenosis had an open DCR. When the catheter was removed 3 weeks or later after surgery the success rates were 93% and 50%, respectively. It is concluded that DCR a.m. Iliff is a simple and reliable method.
EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED HYDROCORTISONE ON THE RATE OF AQUEOUS FLOW IN MAN
Authors: KIMURA RYOZO , HONDA MARIKO
Published: May 2009

We studied the possible influence on the rate of aqueous flow of peroral hydrocortisone in 8 normal eyes of 8 normal subjects by means of fluorophotometry. In the control period, the mean value of ko obtained was 0.011 ± 0.0023/min, where ko was the loss coefficient from the anterior chamber. On another day (hydrocortisone trial period), fluorophotometry was again performed after giving a dose of oral hydrocortisone (80 mg) and the mean value of ko obtained was 0.020 ± 0.0027/min. The mean difference in ko values between the control period and the hydrocortisone trial period was significant (P < 0.001). An increased rate of aqueous flow after giving a dose of oral hydrocortisone was demonstrated.
THE USE OF CONTACT LENSES IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH ORGANIC SOLVENTS, ACIDS OR ALKALIS
Authors: NILSSON SVEN ERIK G. , ANDERSSON LENNART
Published: May 2009

The advantages and disadvantages of using soft contact lenses in environments with fumes from solvents or splashes of strong acids and alkalis were studied experimentally. Uptake of trichloroethylene and xylene by lens materials was up to 90 times that by physiologic saline, used to simulate tear fluid. However, when exposed lenses were soaked for 10 and 60 min in a very small volume of saline the concentration of solvents in that saline was only up to 23% and 11%, respectively, of that in directly exposed saline. Solvents were released mainly to the air. Thus, contact lenses would lead to a prolonged exposure but to a rather low concentration as compared to direct exposure. Other solvents may behave differently. Contact lenses did not protect the cornea against strong alkalis but did not seem to worsen the condition either. However, in the thicknesses used they provided a significant although incomplete protection against strong acids.
EMG AS AN AID IN THE RETRIEVAL OF DISINSERTED EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE A case report
Authors: LENNERSTRAND GUNNAR
Published: May 2009

In a 57‐year‐old man the traumatically disinserted inferior rectus muscle was located in the orbit with the help of EMG, and the muscle was re‐attached to the globe. Postoperatively good ocular motility and comfortable binocular vision was regained. This seems to be the first report of the use of EMG recordings for the retrieval of a lost extraocular muscle.
HOMOCYSTINURIA TREATED WITH PYRIDOXINE
Authors: BLIKA SIGMUND , SAUNTE ELDBJØRG , LUNDE HILDE , GJESSING LEIV R. , RINGVOLD AMUND
Published: May 2009

Four cases of homocystinuria with lens luxation have been examined. As judged from the plasma amino acid pattern, they all responded well on pyridoxine treatment. Two of them discontinued the treatment on their own, and one of these died at the age of 17 years. The lens luxation progressed in one case despite adequate treatment. Scanning electron microscopy of one lens revealed partly broken zonules, abnormal zonular attachment, and a spongy appearance of the capsule proper. Hoping that adequate treatment will reduce more serious complications such as thromboembolism in these patients, it is concluded that an early diagnosis largely depends on the ophthalmologist, who should perform the silver‐nitroprusside test, specific for homocystinuria, in all patients with non traumatic lens luxation.
A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE SCORING OF THE FARNSWORTH PANEL D‐15
Authors: BOWMAN K. J.
Published: May 2009

The Farnsworth Dichotomous test or Panel D‐15 is used extensively for the evaluation of colour discrimination in congenital and acquired colour vision defects. This qualitative assessment of colour vision defect type and severity is based on the hue confusions which are represented diagrammatically on the Panel D‐15 score sheet. This paper presents a new proposal for quantitatively scoring the Panel D‐15 based on those hue confusions made by the subject. Such a quantitative score can be used to establish relationships with other visual functions or experimental conditions. The application of the scoring technique to clinical results is illustrated.
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PUPILS OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO READING DIFFICULTIES
Authors: BLIKA SIGMUND
Published: May 2009

200 good readers and 41 poor readers selected from 718 pupils in a primary school, grade 1–6 were examined in respect of stereopsis, visual acuity, phorias, tropias, fusional breakpoint, fusional amplitude and objective refraction. No statistical difference was found between the 2 reader groups, and the need for optical aid was of the same order. 80 of the 241 children had unnecessary glasses, and many of those who needed spectacles were improperly aided.
POST‐OPERATIVE THICKNESS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELL DENSITY IN CULTIVATED, CRYOPRESERVED HUMAN CORNEAL GRAFTS
Authors: EHLERS NIELS , SPERLING STEFFEN , OLSEN THOMAS
Published: May 2009

Seventeen corneas obtained 2–72 h post mortem, from donors aged 17–78 years, were cultivated for 24 h, cryopreserved, thawed, cultivated for another 24 h and grafted. One year postoperatively 12 of the 17 grafts were clear. In 10 of these 12 cases the visual acuity was ≥ 0.33. One primary graft failure occurred, while 4 primarily clear grafts became cloudy due to glaucoma (2), phthisis bulbi (1) and herpetic reinfection (1). One year after the transplantations the central thickness of the clear grafts was 0.51 mm, and the endothelial cell density was 1028 cells/mm2, corresponding to 32% of the cell density before cryopreservation. This endothelial cell loss was not correlated to donor age or to the time between the death of the donor and the primary cultivation.
THE OCULAR HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF TIMOLOL IN LONG‐TERM TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA A 4 year study
Authors: NIELSEN NIELS VESTI
Published: May 2009

The ocular hypotensive action of timolol used alone and in combination with other antiglaucoma drugs was studied in 33 patients with glaucoma, 19 glaucoma suspects and 12 patients with ocular hypertension in a treatment period of 4 years. During the 2th‐4th year the mean IOP increased 8–10% (P < 0.05) in both glaucoma patients and patients with ocular hypertension or suspected glaucoma. The success rate on timolol alone (a persistent IOP < 20 mmHg) was 43.6% in patients with manifest glaucoma. In 18% of the patients an aggravation of pre‐existing visual Field lesion or new visual lesions developed. Nine patients (14%) — 3 on timolol alone and 6 on additional treatment regime — had to be operated due to definite insufficiency of pressure reduction.
EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL STIMULI ON THE VISCOSITY OF THE VITREOUS
Authors: KAWANO SHIN‐ICHIRO , HONDA YOSHIHITO , NEGI AKIRA
Published: May 2009

Changes in the physical properties of the vitreous induced by various biological stimuli were investigated with Cannon‐Fenske kinematic and cone‐plate rotary viscometers. Heating greatly decreased the viscosity of the human vitreous, the critical temperature being between 50°C and 60°C. Freezing also affected the viscosity, but less so than heating. Viscosity of hyaluronic acid was also decreased by heating to approximately 60°C. Preliminary incubation with hyaluronidase made the viscosity of both the vitreous and hyaluronic acid heat‐stable. Lens extraction decreased vitreous viscosity markedly, suggesting a decrease of hyaluronic acid concentration and/or a lowering of hyaluronic acid molecular weight. Vitreous haemorrhage resulted in decreased vitreous viscosity. Cryoretinopexy at the level employed in this study induced little change in vitreous viscosity, while retinal diathermy caused a moderate decrease. In the course of vitreous haemorrhage and retinal diathermy, a return towards normal of the viscosity was observed, suggesting the presence of local hyaluronic acid production.
LEIOMYOMA OF THE ORBIT
Authors: VIGSTRUP JØRGEN , GLENTHØJ ANDERS
Published: May 2009

A case of leiomyoma of the orbit is reported. The diagnosis is based on the histological and ultrastructural findings. The histiogenesis of the tumour is discussed, and the treatment is mentioned.
SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF TIMOLOL IN CHRONIC GLAUCOMA
Authors: HOLMIN CATHARINA , KRAKAU C. E. T.
Published: May 2009

15 patients with glaucomatous field defects in at least one eye were subjected to computerized perimetry and IOP, systemic blood pressure and pulse rate measurements before and after timolol or placebo instillation in both eyes. A significant decrease of IOP and pulse rate was found 2 h after timolol. The visual fields were not improved, the correlation between IOP and visual field performance being (though not significantly) positive. The lack of improvement could not be attributed to the decrease in pulse rate.
METOPROLOL EYEDROPS 3%, A SHORT‐TERM COMPARISON WITH PILOCARPINE AND A FIVE‐MONTH FOLLOW‐UP STUDY. (Multicenter)
Authors: NIELSEN PREBEN GILBERT , AHRENDT NIELS , BUHL HANS , BYRN ERIK
Published: May 2009

A comparative study comprising 30 patients with glaucoma and 11 ocular hypertensives showed that pilocarpine 2%–4% and metoprolol 3% lowered the intraocular pressure to the same extent over a 4‐week period. The magnitude of effect corresponded to 29.0% of the untreated pressure level in the pilocarpine group and to 31.9% in the metoprolol group. No statistically significant difference in the pressure lowering effect was found between glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Sufficient control of the intraocular pressure could not be achieved in approximately 35% of the patients with metoprolol single therapy and a tendency towards fading efficiency of metoprolol was noted, but no significant tachyphylaxis appeared during a 5‐month follow‐up period. Local irritation was the predominant side‐effect of metoprolol treatment. Objective adverse reactions recorded were transient, epithelial keratopathy (3 patients) and exanthema (1 patient). Deterioration of a pre‐existing visual field defect was observed in one case.
PREVALENCE OF VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS DUE TO CAPSULAR AND SIMPLE GLAUCOMA IN HÄLSINGLAND, SWEDEN
Authors: LINDBLOM BERTIL , THORBURN WILLIAM
Published: May 2009

In a region where both simple and capsular glaucoma are common, the observed prevalence of glaucoma with glaucomatous visual field defects based on hospital records is presented. The prevalence increased with increasing age to a maximum of 4.5% of the age group 81–85. Capsular glaucomas accounted for two thirds of the glaucomatous visual field defects. A comparison with previous population surveys indicates that the frequency of simple glaucoma is of the same magnitude as elsewhere. The high frequency of glaucomatous visual field defects can be due to the occurrence of capsular glaucoma. This supports the hypothesis that capsular glaucoma has its own epidemiology.
VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS TO BINOCULAR STIMULATION WITH DISPARATE PATTERNS
Authors: LENNERSTRAND GUNNAR , JAKOBSSON PETER
Published: May 2009

Experiments with VEP to checkerboard stimulation in 4 subjects with normal stereoscopic vision showed that binocular interaction was the same for fused images and for linear pattern displacement induced by horizontal and vertical prisms, as long as the patterns were projected on the macular areas of both eyes. Also in a stereo‐blind subject the impaired binocular VEP interaction remained unchanged during linear displacement of the patterns. Thus the previously reported differences in binocular VEP interaction between stereo‐normal and stereoblind subjects cannot be explained by binocular stimulation with unfused patterns in the latter group. With patterns displaced to different hemifields in the 2 eyes, no binocular interaction was recorded. Experiments with black‐and‐white gratings of different orientations to the 2 eyes showed that binocular VEP reactions remained the same even with patterns perpendicular to each other. However, the binocular interaction was disrupted when the subject viewed the perpendicular patterns through coloured filters.
CONTRAST THRESHOLDS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS DETERMINED BY VECP AND PSYCHOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: YAMAZAKI H. , ADACHI‐USAMI E. , CHIBA J.
Published: May 2009

VECPs to checkerboard pattern reversal (12 Hz reversal) at different contrast levels were measured in normal subjects and in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, with visual acuities above 0.8. VECP contrast threshold was obtained by extrapolating VECP amplitude vs contrast on a log scale to zero μV. Results were compared with psychophysical thresholds. It was shown that both VECP and psychophysical contrast thresholds were significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the normal subjects.
OPHTHALMIC CHANGES FROM AGE OF 10 TO 18 YEARS
Authors: FLEDELIUS HANS C.
Published: May 2009

Anterior eye segment features were investigated longitudinally by ultrasound and keratometry in 70 low‐birth‐weight subjects (LBW < 2000 g) and 67 full‐term controls, at the ages of 10 and 18 years. Concerning the changes during adolescence, a slight significant deepening of anterior chamber and lens position is found (about 0.1 mm), while lens thickness, corneal curvature radius and corneal astigmatism have remained stable. Differences between BW‐groups indicate a permanent influence of LBW on ocular development, as evident from a presumed early environmental (LBW) arrest of corneal growth, given by a significantly lower value of corneal curvature radius, just as zonular slackness due to a smaller suspension ring may explain a thicker lens. Further a LBW disturbance of correlation between refraction and anterior eye segment parameters is suggested. Besides the documented occasional posterior eye segment damage of LBW (retinopathy of prematurity), the present study indicates a more general restraining influence also on anterior eye segment development.
THE NATURE OF NORMAL BLINKING PATTERNS
Authors: CARNEY L. G. , HILL R. M.
Published: May 2009

The blinking patterns of 20 normal subjects were examined under controlled experimental conditions. While the mean blink rate was 12.55 blinks/min, there were marked variations between individuals. As well, each subject displayed a characteristic pattern of blinking, mixing inter‐blink periods of shorter and longer durations in a regular fashion.
ANTERIOR VITRECTOMY FOR SHALLOW ANTERIOR CHAMBER AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: DOTTAN S. , LEVARTOVSKY S. , OLIVER M.
Published: May 2009

Pars plana anterior vitrectomy was performed in 9 patients with shallow anterior chamber after cataract extraction. Five patients had choroidal and/or ciliary body effusion (CCBE), and 4 had aphakic pupillary block (APB). Vitrectomy was performed only after medical treatment failed to restore a normal anterior chamber depth. In all patients the anterior chamber restored during surgery and remained so thereafter, although in patients with CCBE, the fundal pathology subsided days or even months later. The only surgical complication was a longstanding cystoid macular oedema in one patient. Pars plana vitrectomy would appear to have advantages over other surgical techniques, in similar circumstances.
WAGNER'S VITREORETINAL DEGENERATION WITH GENERALIZED EPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: GODEL VICTOR , LAZAR MOSHE
Published: May 2009

Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration, midline facial defects and a moderate generalized epiphyseal dysplasia defined radiologically were encountered in a boy and his father. The familial nature of the condition and its autosomal dominant inheritance are described. Suggestions are made that patients said to have Wagner's disease differ in no way radiologically from cases diagnosed as having Stickler's syndrome.
ATOPY AND HLA ANTIGENS IN PATIENTS WITH KERATOCONUS
Authors: WACHTMEISTER LILLEMOR , INGEMANSSON SVEN‐OLOF , ERNAMÖLLER
Published: May 2009

Thirty unrelated Caucasian patients with keratoconus and 30 patients with regular astigmatism which served as a control group were typed for histocom‐patiability (HLA) antigens. Their serum levels for immunolglobulins were determined and past and present history of atopic disease of their own as well as among their relatives were examined. No association between keratoconus and any specific HLA antigen was noted. Neither was any statistically significant increase of atopic disease in the keratoconus population observed. Nor was any correlation between elevated IgE level and keratoconus found. However, a statistically significant increase of atopic disease among the relatives of the keratoconus group was found. In conclusion, no evidence for HLA association with keratoconus disease was found. The results suggest that there may be a association between keratoconus and atopic disease.
THE NORMAL RETINAL FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAM I
Authors: NIELSEN NIELS VESTI
Published: May 2009

Retinal fluorescein angiography and colour fundus photography was performed in the one eye of 48 clinically healthy middle aged subjects, 21 females and 27 males, without ophthalmoscopically obvious fundus abnormalities. A region of retina 45° around the fovea was analysed for morphological elements in colour photographs, red‐free photographs and fluorescein angiograms. Subtle morphological elements, small and ‘large’ fluorescent spots, were noted in 20 out of 48 subjects (= eyes)(42%) during the early and middle phases of the fluorescein angiogram. In 15 subjects the number and location of fluorescent spots (n = 40) corresponded to spots in the colour and red‐free photographs. In 10 out of the 15 subjects (67%) with fluorescent spots the corresponding spots in the colour and red‐free photographs were indistinctly outlined. Fluorescent spots without corresponding spots in colour and red‐free photographs (n = 18) were found in 10 subjects. Thirtyeight per cent of all the fluorescent spots (n = 22) persisted with variable intensity in the late phases of the angiograms. Colour photographs disclosed variable numbers of yellowish spots in 34 subjects (71%). Sixty‐four per cent of the spots (71 our of 111 spots) in colour photographs could not be visualized by fluorescein angiography. These spots were characteristically distinctly outlined. The retinal spots were chiefly located in the upper and lower regions temporal to the fovea both in colour photographs (71% of the spots) and the fluorescein angiograms (62% of the spots). The occurrence of morphological elements of the retina did not correlate with age or smoking habits. The appearance of minor morphological elements in the retina of normal subjects seems to variate widely as assessed by fluorescein angiography and fundus colour photography.
ADJUSTABLE SUTURES IN STRABISMUS SURGERY
Authors: LENNERSTRAND GUNNAR
Published: May 2009

Strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures of absorbable material was performed in 19 patients, aged 8–69 years, who had paralytic strabismus and/or were re‐operated. The ocular alignment was assessed at 1 week and 3–12 months post‐operatively. In 12 of the patients eye position was stable during that period. Eleven of them had good or moderate binocular vision. However, eye position changed over the follow‐up period in about half of the patients with poor binocular vision. No evidence was found for any muscle repositioning by mechanical stress during suture absorption.
UVEAL EFFUSION ATTENDING SCLERITIS POSTERIOR
Authors: MARUSHAK DANUTA
Published: May 2009

A report is given of a patient with exudative ciliochoroidal and retinal detachment associated with posterior scleritis. The history and clinical findings were similar to earlier described cases and initially led to suspicion of a malignant melanoma. Ultrasonic examination performed by combination of standardized A‐scan and contact B‐scan technique allowed the diagnosis to be established and the regression of this condition to be followed. There was complete recovery after treatment with atrophine and topical steroids.
THE REFRACTION OF ICELANDERS
Authors: SVEINSSON KRISTJAN
Published: May 2009

A study of 21 393 Icelanders over a 50‐year‐period showed the incidence of myopia to be 3.60% in 1935 and 20.47% in 1975. The paper discribes the details of this study showing the relative frequencies of different types of refraction in different age groups and with regard to sex.
CONTACT LENS CORRECTION OF VISUAL LOSS IN KERATOCONUS
Authors: CARNEY L. G.
Published: May 2009

Visual acuity and contrast threshold functions of 5 bilateral keratoconic patients were measured following spectacle correction and rigid contact lens correction. Visual function was improved by contact lens correction, but some contrast at attenuation remained. This residual loss could not always be related to routine visual acuity findings.
SUPPRESSION SCOTOMATA IN CONCOMITANT STRABISMUS WITH HARMONIOUS ANOMALOUS CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: HALLDÉN ULF
Published: May 2009

With binocular scotometry it was shown how the peripheral suppression scotoma of the squinting eye in cases of concomitant strabismus with harmonious anomalous correspondence can be split into 2 parts by a vertical prism. The parts are called the rivalry scotoma and the residual scotoma. This observation has not been described earlier.
ACYCLOVIR AND IDOXIURIDINE TREATMENT OF HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS — A DOUBLE BLIND CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: KLAUBER ANNE , OTTOVAY EVA
Published: May 2009

38 patients with herpes simplex keratitis were treated in double blind clinical trial. 18 patients (10 with pure epithelial and 8 with accompanying stromal affection) were treated with 3% acyclovir (ACV) eye ointment, and 20 patients (10 with pure epithelial and 10 with accompanying stromal affection) were treated with 0.5% idoxiuridine (IDU). The cure rate was 94% in the ACV group compared to 70% in the IDU group. This was significantly higher in the ACV group. Only minor adverse reactions were recorded.
DIFFERENT INFLUENCES ON CORNEAL GRAFT SURVIVAL IN 539 TRANSPLANTS
Authors: VÖLKER‐DIEBEN H. J. , ALPHEN C. C. KOK‐VAN , LANSBERGEN Q. , PERSIJN G. G.
Published: May 2009

Different influences on corneal survival were studied in 539 grafts. The follow‐up period ranged from 3 months to 4 1/2 years. The degree of vascularization of the host cornea, previous graft failures and the diameter of the graft could be demonstrated to influence the graft survival significantly. A significant influence of sex differences between donors and recipients was found. A female donor results in a better graft survival in female recipients as compared to male recipents. No significant influence on graft survival was found of pregnancies and blood transfusions. Age of the donor, storage methods and time lapse between death and transplantation did not influence the graft survival either.
THE EFFECT OF PROSPECTIVE HLA‐A AND ‐B MATCHING ON CORNEAL GRAFT SURVIVAL
Authors: VÖLKER‐DIEBEN H. J. , ALPHEN C. C. KOK‐VAN , LANSBERGEN Q. , PERSIJN G. G.
Published: May 2009

The effect of prospective HLA‐A and ‐B matching on corneal graft survival was studied in 159 Dutch recipients. The follow‐up period ranges from 3 months to 4 1/2 years. In the same period 380 grafts were performed at random. The influence of HLA‐A and ‐B matching on graft survival in all vascularized cases (n = 137) was significant (P = 0.046). If the non‐immuno‐logical failures are excluded the effect of HLA‐A and ‐B matchings becomes more pronounced (P = 0.027). The influence of HLA‐A and ‐B matching on the graft survival of only the first grafts in vascularized corneas was more significant (p = 0.028). Finally a significant influence of HLA‐A and ‐B matching was also found in repeated grafts in vascularized corneas (P = 0.037).
ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH, GENES AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: ALSBIRK P. H.
Published: May 2009

Previous population studies have demonstrated a shallow anterior chamber as an inherited characteristic of Eskimos, explaining their high prevalence of primary angle‐closure glaucoma. In order to evaluate the stability of the anterior chamber depth (ACD) distribution and its inherent morbidity risk in a different environment, immigrant Greenland Eskimo women in Copenhagen, aged 40 years or more were sampled. Those who had been at least 25 years in Denmark were examined (N = 64), using Haag Streit pachymetry, limbal chamber depth (LCD) estimation and gonioscopy. The ACD level of the immigrants was significantly higher than that of their background population, in ethnically ‘mixed’ as well as ‘pure’ subgroups, and correspondingly the LCD grading was higher among the immigrants. Primary angle‐closure glaucoma was found in 3%. The refraction showed no significant trend towards myopia compared with native Greenland Eskimos. Environmental factors influencing ACD, e.g. through the rate of biological ageing, seem to exist, but their nature is unknown.
PROSTAGLANDIN INHIBITION AND CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: NIELSEN CARSTEN BO
Published: May 2009

The effect of systemically given naproxen (a prostaglandininhibitor) on central corneal thickness was studied in vivo, in the normal cornea, and in the cornea made artificially oedematous by cataract surgery. Only after cataract extraction could an effect be demonstrated. The post‐surgical oedema was in this case reduced statistically significant corresponding to approximately 50% of control. Further the secondary rise in CCT on the third post‐operative day as seen with non‐medicated guttata corneas was absent after naproxen.
COMBINED TRABECULECTOMY AND CATARACT OPERATION
Authors: KLEMETTI ANNELI , KALIMA TIMO
Published: May 2009

In a study of 94 combined cataract and trabeculectomy operations performed for 59 open angle simplex and 35 capsular glaucoma with coexisting cataract, followed up for 1 to 9 years, the overall control of intraocular pressure (≤21 mmHg) without therapy was achieved in 61 eyes (65%). The average follow‐up time was 3.4 years. The success rate 76% after 1 year follow‐up decreased to 63% after 2 years and went from 45 to 66% over a 3 to 8 years follow‐up period. Post‐surgical therapy was required in 33 eyes (35%). Of these 31 eyes were controlled with medical therapy alone. In the light of the results the maintenance of filtration was considered the most important factor of succes. Most frequent complications, transient hypotony (37%) and hyphaema (30%) had no significant effect on eventual succes. As regards the diagnostic categories no significant difference existed in the success rates between the simplex and capsular glaucoma groups. The importance of periodic observation is discussed.
OPTIC DISC EVALUATION VERSUS THE VISUAL FIELD IN CHRONIC GLAUCOMA
Authors: HOLMIN CATHARINA
Published: May 2009

A classification of the optic disc (the upper and lower half treated separately) was performed independently by 3 observers. The material consisted of 40 single colour photographs of eyes with glaucomatous field defects and of fellow eyes. The consistency between the observers was found to be good. The sensitivity for the detection of visual field defects from the appearance of the corresponding disc half was 75%. The specificity was 85%.
THE COMPARATIVE MULTIPLE‐DOSE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE RESPONSES OF NADOLOL AND TIMOLOL IN GLAUCOMA AND OCULAR HYPERTENSION
Authors: KRIEGLSTEIN G. K. , MOHAMED J.
Published: May 2009

In a double‐masked clinical study the relationship between acute and chronic IOP responses to topical Nadolol 2% solution and Timolol 0.25% solution twice daily was investigated in 10 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Both drugs were evaluated in an intra‐individual comparison over 4 weeks. Nine patients completed the study, one was discontinued because of essential loss of response to both drugs. At the beginning of therapy Timolol as well as Nadolol gave a mean IOP reduction of about 40% relative decrease. During the following visits the Nadolol treated eyes were significantly higher in IOP than the Timolol treated eyes. The maximum IOP effect of the first day of treatment could not be reproduced by either drug at the subsequent checks. There had been no significant changes of blood pressure, pulse rate or pupillary diameter.
EARLY EFFECTS OF SODIUM IODATE ON THE SLOW OFF‐EFFECTS, PARTICULARLY THE h‐WAVE, AND ON THE c‐WAVE OF THE DC RECORDED ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN RABBIT
Authors: WELINDER E. , TEXTORIUS O.
Published: May 2009

The early effects of intravenously administered sodium iodate (NaIO3) on the slow, negative ‘off‐effect’, the h‐wave, and on the slow, positive ‘on‐effect’, the c‐wave, of the DC recorded electroretinogram were studied in 8 rabbits. Both the h‐ and c‐waves disappeared gradually after NaIO3 administration and were replaced by potentials of opposite polarity. These results strongly support the assumption that the h‐wave originates in the pigment epithelium and represents the reversal of events underlying the c‐wave. The slow, positive ‘off‐effect’, the g‐wave, elicited by ‘dark flashes’ was seen to pass into the potential replacing the h‐wave after NaIO3 treatment.
TRANSIENT BILATERAL BLINDNESS IN RELATION TO SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE CAUSED BY SPASTIC ISCHAEMIC CHANGES IN RETINA AND OPTIC NERVE
Authors: THYGESEN JOHN , ROSENØRN JARL
Published: May 2009

A case of bilateral transient ischaemic blindness (amaurosis) due to ischaemic changes in the retina, the optic nerve and chiasma caused by severe cerebral arterial spasms after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) originating from a ruptured saccular aneurysm (from the anterior cerebral artery) is presented. To our knowledge this pathogenesis for transient blindness has never been described before.
CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN EVALUATION OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT DUE TO DIABETES
Authors: HYVÄRINEN LEA , LAURINEN PENTTI , ROVAMO JYRKI
Published: May 2009

Spatial contrast sensitivity of 19 diabetics with different degrees of visual impairment was studied. It was found that contrast sensitivity at intermediate and low spatial frequencies may decrease without corresponding loss of visual acuity. In advanced cases of diabetes the opposite may be true: contrast sensitivity was better than expected on the basis of visual acuity. Thus both visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measurements are useful in the evaluation of the nature of visual impairment due to diabetic eye disease.