bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Visible Light Phototoxicity on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Feuerstein Osnat , Ginsburg Isaac , Dayan Eti , Veler Dalya , Weiss Ervin I.
Published: June 2005

Phototoxicity of visible light laser on the porphyrin‐producing bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the absence of photo‐sensitizers and under aerobic conditions was shown in previous studies. Recently, we found that the noncoherent visible light sources at wavelengths of 400–500 nm, commonly used in restorative dentistry, induced a phototoxic effect on P. gingivalis, as well as on Fusobacterium nucleatum, and to a lesser extent on the Streptococci sp. To elucidate the mechanism of this phototoxic effect, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were exposed to light (1) under aerobic and anaerobic environments and (2) in the presence of scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phototoxic effect was not observed when the bacteria were exposed to light under anaerobic conditions. Dimethyl thiourea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, was effective in reducing phototoxicity (P 0.05). Other scavengers, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid, were less effective when applied separately. These results support the assumption that the phototoxic effect of blue light on the periopathogenic bacteria is oxygen dependent and that hydroxyl radicals play an important role in this process.
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study of Hypericin‐photosensitized Oxidation of Low‐density Lipoproteins
Authors: Kascakova Slavka , Refreglers Matthieu , Jancura Daniel , Sureau Franck , Maurizot Jean‐Claude , Miskovsky Pavol
Published: June 2005

By means of UV‐VIS absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp) interacts nonspecifically with low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), most probably with the lipid fraction of LDL. The molar ratio of monomeric Hyp binding to nonoxidized LDL and mildly oxidized LDL is 30:1. Increasing the Hyp concentration further leads to the formation of Hyp aggregates inside the LDL molecule. We also demonstrate that photoactivated Hyp oxidizes LDL in a light dose and excitation wavelength dependent manner. The level of oxidation of LDL depends on the amount of Hyp inside the LDL molecule. The maximum of the photosensitized oxidation of the LDL by Hyp is achieved for a 30:1 molar ratio, which corresponds to the maximum concentration of monomeric form of Hyp in LDL.
Modeling of a Type II Photofrin‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy Process in a Heterogeneous Tissue Phantom
Authors: Hu Xin‐Hua , Feng Yuanming , Lu Jun Q. , Allison Ron R. , Cuenca Rosa E. , Downie Gordon H. , Sibata Claudio H.
Published: June 2005

We present a quantitative framework to model a Type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) process in the time domain in which a set of rate equations are solved to describe molecular reactions. Calculation of steady‐state light distributions using a Monte Carlo method in a heterogeneous tissue phantom model demonstrates that the photon density differs significantly in a superficial tumor of only 3 mm thickness. The time dependences of the photosensitizer, oxygen and intracellular unoxidized receptor concentrations were obtained and monotonic decreases in the concentrations of the ground‐state photosensitizer and receptor were observed. By defining respective decay times, we quantitatively studied the effects of photon density, drug dose and oxygen concentration on photobleaching and cytotoxicity of a photofrin‐mediated PDT process. Comparison of the dependences of the receptor decay time on photon density and drug dose at different concentrations of oxygen clearly shows an oxygen threshold under which the receptor concentration remains constant or PDT exhibits no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the dependence of the photosensitizer and receptor decay times on the drug dose and photon density suggests the possibility of PDT improvement by maximizing cytotoxicity in a tumor with optimized light and drug doses. We also discuss the utility of this model toward the understanding of clinical PDT treatment of chest wall recurrence of breast carcinoma.
New tools, new outlooks, new opportunities
Authors: Ottino Julio M.
Published: June 2005

I argue that much of the success of chemical engineering during the period 1960–1980 was due to the adoption and mastering of mathematical tools, tools that opened horizons and helped define the profession. I argue that a similar opportunity is faced today, and that several tools from the area of complex systems, which we can readily embrace and develop, should be part of the standard toolkit of chemical engineering. I argue that the field is ready for this expansion, and that these tools will expand the core, crosslink domains, and open up areas where the profession will have much to contribute. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Analysis of human tear fluid by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Nagase Yasushi , Yoshida Satoshi , Kamiyama Kenji
Published: June 2005

The purpose of this research is to find some useful spectroscopic factors in human tear fluid contents to monitor diurnal changes of the physicochemical ocular conditions noninvasively. All tear fluid samples were collected with glass microcapillary tubes from both eyes of three donors and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR). We measured the peak intensities at 2852, 1735, 1546, and 1242 cm–1, and the peak intensity ratios among those peaks in the second derivative spectra. We found significant diurnal and individual variations in those peak intensities for tear fluid obtained from right and left eyes. Among these variations, we observed significant changes in tear samples between right and left eyes. In this case the peak intensity ratio between 1242 (phosphate ester) and 2852 cm–1 (fatty acid methylene) of right eye tear fluid was increased in the afternoon (1600 to 1900 h), while that of left eye tear fluid did not change significantly. In the ratio between 1242 (phosphate ester) and 1546 cm–1 (amide II), the difference was not observed between both eyes. We conclude that the difference in diurnal variations of biochemical constituents between right and left eye tear fluids could be monitored noninvasively and nondestructively by FTIR technique and this method could be useful in the future for tear diagnoses.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 18–27, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Assessing critical thinking in community colleges
Authors: Bers Trudy
Published: June 2005

This chapter presents an overview of approaches to assessing critical thinking in community colleges, a brief description of standardized tests, and examples of several institutionally developed methodologies and good practices. Finally, it identifies challenges in assessing critical thinking in two‐year colleges.
The year of critical thinking at Prince George's Community College: An integrated professional development program
Authors: Peirce William P.
Published: June 2005

This chapter describes the context, development, and fall 2004 implementation of the Year of Critical Thinking at Prince George's Community College, an effort to engage all full‐time and adjunct faculty in teaching critical thinking in their classes.
The Binding of Single‐Stranded DNA and PNA to Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Probed by Flow Linear Dichroism
Authors: Rajendra Jascindra , Rodger Alison
Published: June 2005

The binding of single‐stranded DNAs and a neutral DNA analogue (peptide nucleic acid, PNA) to single‐walled carbon nanotubes in solution phase has been probed by absorbance spectroscopy and linear dichroism. The nanotubes are solubilised by aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate, in which the nucleic acids also dissolve. The linear dichroism (LD) of the nanotubes, when subtracted from that due to the nanotubes/nucleic acid samples, gives the LD of the bound nucleic acid. The binding of the single‐stranded DNA to the single‐walled nanotubes is quite different from that previously observed for double‐stranded DNA. It is likely that the nucleic acid bases lie flat on the nanotube surface with the backbone wrapping round the nanotube at an oblique angle in the region of 45°. The net effect is like beads on a string. The base orientation with the single‐stranded PNA is inverted with respect to that of the single‐stranded DNA, as shown by their oppositely signed LD signals.
Characterization of Sodium Cobalt Oxides Related to P3‐Phase Superconductor.
Authors: Takada Kazunori , Osada Minoru , Izumi Fujio , Sakurai Hiroya , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: June 2005

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Investigation of the Phase Diagrams of the Systems Ln—Ni—Pb (Ln: Y, La, Ce, Dy) and Crystal Structure of the Compounds Ln4Ni3Pb4 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr) and Ln5NiPb3 (Ln: Y, La, Ce, Pr, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu).
Authors: Gulay L. D.
Published: June 2005

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From AgCN Chains to a Fivefold Helix and a Fishnet‐Shaped Framework Structure.
Authors: Urban Victoria , Pretsch Thorsten , Hartl Hans
Published: June 2005

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Enantioselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols via a Chiral In(III)‐PYBOX Complex.
Authors: Lu Jun , Hong Mei‐Ling , Ji Shun‐Jun , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: June 2005

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Inversion of Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Biocatalytic Decarboxylation by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis Based on the Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Ijima Yoichiro , Matoishi Kaori , Terao Yosuke , Doi Nobuhide , Yanagawa Hiroshi , Ohta Hiromichi
Published: June 2005

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Effects of Counter Cations in Selective Monohydrolyses of Symmetric Diesters.
Authors: Niwayama Satomi , Rimkus Audrius
Published: June 2005

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Highly Chemoselective Hydrogenation Method Using Novel Finely Dispersed Palladium Catalyst on Silk‐Fibroin: Its Preparation and Activity.
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao , Hirota Kosaku
Published: June 2005

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2‐Arylallyl as a New Protecting Group for Amines, Amides and Alcohols.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Fananas Francisco J. , Sanz Roberto , Marcos Cesar , Ignacio Jose M.
Published: June 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation of Imines with Allyl Alcohols.
Authors: Shimizu Masamichi , Kimura Masanari , Watanabe Toshiya , Tamaru Yoshinao
Published: June 2005

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Practical Synthesis of Enantiopure α‐Amino Alcohols by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Secondary‐Amino Ketones.
Authors: Liu Duan , Gao Wenzhong , Wang Chunjiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: June 2005

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The Direct Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Protected Aryl β‐Hydroxy‐α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Willis Michael C. , Cutting Gary A. , Piccio Vincent J.‐D. , Durbin Matthew J. , John Matthew P.
Published: June 2005

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Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Grignard Reagents with Aryl Fluorides via Pd‐ or Ni‐Activation of the C—F Bond: An Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls — Application of Microwave Technology in Ligand and Catalyst Screening.
Authors: Dankwardt John W.
Published: June 2005

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Suzuki and Heck Coupling Reactions Mediated by Palladium Complexes Bearing trans‐Spanning Diphosphines.
Authors: Smith Rhett C. , Bodner Christina R. , Earl Meredith J. , Sears Nathaniel C. , Hill Nicholas E. , Bishop Lee M. , Sizemore Nicholas , Hehemann Dave T. , Bohn Justin J. , Protasiewicz John D.
Published: June 2005

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NaI‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Ring‐Opening [1 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Cyclopropenes with Imines: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐Vinylic Aziridines.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Zhang Junliang , Lu Lianghua , Jin Xin , Cai Yangjun , Hou Hairong
Published: June 2005

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Enantioselective Syntheses of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted γ‐Lactones: Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Blastmycinolactol.
Authors: He Minsheng , Lei Aiwen , Zhang Xumu
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Substituted Carbazoles by a Vinylic to Aryl Palladium Migration Involving Domino C—H Activation Processes.
Authors: Zhao Jian , Larock Richard C.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Some New 2‐(2‐Fluoro‐4‐biphenylyl)propionic Acid Derivatives as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Amir M. , Kumar S.
Published: June 2005

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Formation of Coumarins by Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Phenols with Ethyl Acrylates.
Authors: Aoki Shinya , Oyamada Juzo , Kitamura Tsugio
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 1‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenylmethyl) ‐3‐phenyl‐6,7,8‐trimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline.
Authors: Ibanez Adriana F.
Published: June 2005

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An Efficient Sequential Reaction Process to Polysubstituted Indolizidines and Quinolizidines and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Indolizidine 223A.
Authors: Zhu Wei , Dong Dapeng , Pu Xiaotao , Ma Dawei
Published: June 2005

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrimidines.
Authors: Kiselyov Alexander S.
Published: June 2005

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Stereoselective Preparation of Trisubstituted (Z)‐Alkenes: Synthesis of the C17—C27 Fragment of (‐)‐Laulimalide.
Authors: Uenishi Jun'ichi , Ohmi Masashi , Matsui Katsuaki , Iwano Megumi
Published: June 2005

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Alkylnitrogen Compounds: Amines and Their Salts
Authors: Marson C. M. , Savy P.
Published: June 2005

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Alkyl Chalcogenides: Sulfur‐Based Functional Groups
Authors: Shcherbakova I. , Pozharskii A. F.
Published: June 2005

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Trihalides
Authors: Sandford G.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One or More CC Bond(s) Formed by Substitution: Substitution of Carbon—Nitrogen, —Phosphorus, —Arsenic, —Antimony, —Boron, —Silicon, —Germanium, and —Metal Functions
Authors: Kouklovsky C.
Published: June 2005

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Vinyl and Aryl Chalcogenides: Sulfur‐, Selenium‐, and Tellurium‐Based Functional Groups
Authors: Rakitin O. A.
Published: June 2005

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Alkenyl and Aryl Chalcogenides: Oxygen‐Based Functional Groups
Authors: Chiu C. K.‐F. , Berliner M. A. , Li Z. B.
Published: June 2005

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Functions Bearing Two Chalcogens
Authors: Oniciu D. C.
Published: June 2005

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Thionoamides and Their Se and Te Analogues
Authors: Moore A. J.
Published: June 2005

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Role of the Side Chain Modifications for the Solution Behavior and the Complex‐Forming Abilities of Some Aminomethane‐1,1‐diphosphonic Acids. Relevance to Biological Activity
Authors: Matczak‐Jon E.
Published: June 2005

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Prediction of Possible High‐Pressure Phases of Cu3N
Authors: Cancarevic Z. , Schoen J. C. , Jansen M.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of the Ti3SiC2 by Solid State Reaction Below Melting Temperature of Si.
Authors: Hwang S. S. , Park S. W. , Kim T. W.
Published: June 2005

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New Materials Derived from YBCO: CrSr2LnCu2O8 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Lu).
Authors: Ruiz‐Bustos Rocio , Aguirre Myriam H. , Alario‐Franco Miguel A.
Published: June 2005

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Copper‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Allylic and Homoallylic Alcohols with Dialkylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Pineschi Mauro , Del Moro Federica , Crotti Paolo , Di Bussolo Valeria , Macchia Franco
Published: June 2005

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Nucleophilic Acyl Substitutions of Esters with Protic Nucleophiles Mediated by Amphoteric, Oxotitanium, and Vanadyl Species.
Authors: Chen Chien‐Tien , Kuo Jen‐Huang , Ku Cheng‐Hsiu , Weng Shiue‐Shien , Liu Cheng‐Yuan
Published: June 2005

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Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Phenylenedi(4′,4′′‐tetrahydroquinoline) and Di(4′,4′′‐tetrahydropyridine) Derivatives.
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Fang Fang , Zhu Songlei , Li Tuanjie , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhuang Qiya , Ji Shuijun , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2005

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An Approach to Biologically Important S‐Heterocycles, Dithiocarbamyls, and Their Relevant Phosphono Derivatives.
Authors: Khidre Maha D. , Kamel Azza A. , Abdou Wafaa M.
Published: June 2005

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A New Radical‐Ionic Allylation Sequence.
Authors: Briggs Michael E. , Zard Samir Z.
Published: June 2005

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Preparation of N‐Protected Allylic Amines and α‐Methylene‐β‐amino Acids from Vinylalumination/Baylis—Hillman Products via Tandem SN2′ Substitution—Overman Rearrangement.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Burghardt Thomas E. , Reddy M. Venkat Ram
Published: June 2005

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Novel Cyclopentane Dicarboxamide Sodium Channel Blockers as a Potential Treatment for Chronic Pain.
Authors: Shao Pengchang P. , Ok Dong , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

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Cyclocarbopalladation: Sequential Cyclization and C—H Activation/Stille Cross‐Coupling in the Pd‐5‐exo‐dig Reaction.
Authors: Bour Christophe , Suffert Jean
Published: June 2005

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Simple Bromination of Activated Arenes by IBX Amide Resin and Tetraethylammonium Bromide.
Authors: Kim Duk‐Ki , Chung Woo‐Jae , Lee Yoon‐Sik
Published: June 2005

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Regioselective Lithiation of Aryl Benzyl Ethers.
Authors: Chodakowski Jan , Klis Tomasz , Serwatowski Janusz
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones, Pyrazoles, Isoxazoles and 2,4,6‐Triarylpyrylium Chlorophosphates via β‐Lithiation of Benzotriazolylvinyl Ethyl Ether.
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah Ashraf A. A.
Published: June 2005

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A Simple and Convenient Manganese Dioxide Oxidation of Benzyl Halides to Aromatic Aldehydes under Neutral Condition.
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Jana Subrata , Dey Swapan , Adak Avijit Kumar
Published: June 2005

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Heteroatom Transfer to Alkenes by N‐Protected‐oxaziridines: New Reaction Pathways and Products.
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Edmonds Ian D. , Swarbrick Martin E.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Benzofurans from ortho‐Acylphenols.
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Ok , Tae Jinsung
Published: June 2005

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Silica‐Supported Synthesis of Some 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted 2‐Pyrazolines under Solvent‐Free and Microwave Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Maleki Behrooz
Published: June 2005

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The Synthesis of Substituted Bipiperidine Amide Compounds as CCR3 Antagonists.
Authors: Ting Pauline C. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2005

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A Convenient Synthesis of Quinolin‐2(1H)‐one Ring System as Precursor of Active Drugs.
Authors: Giuglio‐Tonolo Gamal , Terme Thierry , Vanelle Patrice
Published: June 2005

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Organic Azides in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 33. Synthesis and Ring Closure Reactions of Pyrido[3,2,1‐jk]carbazol‐6‐ones.
Authors: Dang Hoai V. , Knobloch Bernd , Habib Nargues S. , Kappe Thomas , Stadlbauer Wolfgang
Published: June 2005

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A Convenient Synthesis of a Novel Fused Tetracyclic Heterocoumarin.
Authors: Gharbi Rafik , Romdhane Anis , Mighri Zine , Martin Marie‐Therese
Published: June 2005

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Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclic Oxazolino‐ and Thiazolino[3,2‐c]pyrimidine‐5,7‐diones and Its Application to the Synthesis of GnRH Antagonists.
Authors: Pontillo Joseph , Chen Chen
Published: June 2005

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Chemistry of Acyl(imidoyl)ketenes. Part 8. Thermolysis of 3‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydropyrrolo [1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,2,4‐triones. Structure of 2‐(3‐Oxo‐4‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinoxalinyl)‐2,4‐di (ethoxycarbonyl)‐6‐phenyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrido [1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,3,5‐trione.
Authors: Maslivets A. N. , Aliev Z. G. , Krasnykh O. P. , Golovnina O. V. , Atovmyan L. O.
Published: June 2005

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Bridgehead Nitrogen Heterocyclic System: Facile Synthesis and Bioactivity of s‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles, s‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Mohan Jag
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3,5‐Thiadiazines and Their Isomerism into 1,3,5‐Triazines.
Authors: Deohate Pradip P. , Berad B. N.
Published: June 2005

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Tethered Aminohydroxylation Using Acyclic Homoallylic Sulfamate Esters and Sulfonamides as Substrates.
Authors: Kenworthy Martin N. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: June 2005

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Enantiopure α‐Silyl‐Substituted α‐Hydroxyacetic Acids Using O—H Insertion Methodology and Boron‐Based Asymmetric Reductions.
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Saladin Sandra , Classen Arno , Kasyan Andrey , Veri Elisabetta , Raabe Gerhard
Published: June 2005

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First Example of Hydrothiophosphorylation of 3‐Thiolene 1,1‐Dioxide.
Authors: Gusarova N. K. , Ivanova N. I. , Bogdanova M. V. , Sinegovskaya L. M. , Sukhov B. G. , Kopylova L. I. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: June 2005

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Trifluoroacetylation of Amino Acids under Aqueous Conditions Using a Readily Prepared Non‐Odoriferous Reagent.
Authors: Hickey Matthew R. , Nelson Todd D. , Secord Elizabeth A. , Allwein Shawn P. , Kress Michael H.
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of Template‐Free Zeolite Nanocrystals by Reverse Microemulsion—Microwave Method.
Authors: Chen Zhongwei , Li Shuang , Yan Yushan
Published: June 2005

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Higher Nuclearity Rhenium Halide Clusters that Contain Re—Re Multiple Bonds
Authors: Walton Richard A.
Published: June 2005

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Evolution of C2B4 Carborane Chemistry: From Early Years to the Present
Authors: Hosmane Narayan S. , Maguire John A.
Published: June 2005

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CataCXium P Catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Beller Matthias , Zapf Alexander , Riermeier Thomas
Published: June 2005

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Current Status of Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Methods for Discovering New Materials and Catalysts
Authors: Woo Seong Ihl , Kim Ki Woong , Cho Hyun Yong , Oh Kwang Seok , Jeon Min Ku , Tarte Naresh Hiralal , Kim Tai Suk , Mahmood Asif
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reductive Cyclization in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Tsoungas Petros G. , Diplas Andreas I.
Published: June 2005

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Natural Products Synthesis
Authors: Schmalz Hans‐Guenther , Gotov Battsengel , Boettcher Andreas
Published: June 2005

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Cyclophanes and Ladderanes: Molecular Targets for Supramolecular Chemists
Authors: Friscic Tomislav , Macgillivray Leonard R.
Published: June 2005

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Solid‐Phase Lipase Engineering: A New Tool in Combinatorial Biocatalysis
Authors: Palomo Jose M. , Guisan Jose M. , Lafuente Roberto Fernandez
Published: June 2005

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The Pauson—Khand‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by Transition Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Park Kang Hyun , Chung Young Keun
Published: June 2005

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Biomimetic Tandem Cyclization Catalyzed by Hg(OTf)2 Affording Polycarbocycles
Authors: Imagawa Hiroshi , Iyenaga Tomoaki , Nishizawa Mugio
Published: June 2005

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Highly Selective Electrochemical Fluorination of Organic Compounds in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Fuchigami Toshio , Tajima Toshiki
Published: June 2005

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From Fluoral to Heterocycles: A Survey of Polyfluorinated Iminiums Chemistry
Authors: Billard Th. , Gille S. , Ferry A. , Barthelemy A. , Christophe C. , Langlois B. R.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Recent Impact of Solid‐Phase Synthesis on Medicinally Relevant Benzoannelated Oxygen Heterocycles
Authors: Ziegert Robert E. , Toraeng Jakob , Knepper Kerstin , Braese Stefan
Published: June 2005

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High‐Content Photochromic Polymers Based on Dithienylethenes
Authors: Wigglesworth Tony J. , Myles Andrew J. , Branda Neil R.
Published: June 2005

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An Endorsement to Create Open Access Databases for Analytical Data of Complex Carbohydrates
Authors: von der Lieth Claus‐W.
Published: June 2005

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Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Molecular Architectures of Cyanometalate Host and Organic Guest Systems: Specific Behavior of the Guests
Authors: Nishikiori Shin‐Ichi , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Sano Yuriko , Iwamoto Toschitake
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Two Dinuclear Iron(III) Complexes with Tripodal Ligands
Authors: Jin‐Lei Tian , Ming‐Jin Xie , Shi‐Ping Yan , Dai‐Zheng Liao , Zong‐Hui Jiang , Peng Cheng
Published: June 2005

By using the tripodal tetradentate ligands of tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) or tris(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (NTB), two dinunclear iron(III) complexes [Fe2L2(μ2‐O)(μ2‐p‐NH2‐C6H4COO)]3+ (L=TPA, 1 and L=NTB, 2) were obtained. Both of the two complexes crystallize in monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c. The cell parameters of 1: a=1.4529(4) nm, b=1.6622(5) nm, c=2.0625(6) nm, β=100.327(5)°, V=4.900(3) nm3, Z=4, F(000)=2344, Mr=1142.91, Dc=1.549 g/cm3, R1=0.0544, R2=0.0962. The cell parameters of 2: a=1.3378(4) nm, b=2.1174(7) nm, c=2.4351(7) nm, β=97.315(6)°, V=6.842(4) nm3, Z=4, F(000)=3116, Mr=1505.08, Dc=1.444 g/cm3, R1=0.0793, R2=0.1623. In both cases, the central iron(III) metal ions are coordinated to the four nitrogen atoms of TPA (or NTB) and two oxygen atoms from two different bridges to form a distorted octahedral geometry.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Organothiophosphoryl Polyoxotungstates α‐[RP(S)]2PW9${\rm O}^{5-}_{34} $(R=C6H5, C6H11)
Authors: Zhen‐Gang Sun , Zai‐Ming Zhu , Wan‐Sheng You , Xue‐Fang Zheng , Yuan‐Peng Gu
Published: June 2005

In the presence of Bu4NBr acting as phasetransfer reagent, organothiophosphoryl polyoxotungstate derivatives α‐[RP(S)]2PW9${\rm O}^{5-}_{34} $(R=C6H5, C6H11) have been obtained by reaction of the trivacant β‐[PW9O34]9‐ anions with electrophilic C6H5P(S)Cl2 or C6H11P(S)Cl2 in acetonitrile. These new organic‐inorganic hybrid anions have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 31P and 183W NMR spectroscopy. The collective application of the spectroscopy data of these new species indicates that the hybrid anion consists of an α‐[PW9O34] framework on which are grafted two RP(S) groups through P‐O‐W bridges. The five‐line 183W spectra indicate that the hybrid anions possess Cs symmetry in acetonitrile.
One‐step Solid‐state Synthesis and Characterization of Two Kinds of ZnC2O4·2H2O Hollow Nanostructures
Authors: Ya‐Li Cao , Lang Liu , Dian‐Zeng Jia , Xin‐Quan Xin
Published: June 2005

Two kinds of zinc oxalate dihydrate (ZnC2O4·2H2O) hollow nanostructures were synthesized successfully by a simple one‐step solid‐state reaction. ZnC2O4·2H2O hollow nanospheres were obtained via grinding zinc acetate and oxalic acid, while ZnC2O4·2H2O hollow nanochains were generated by the analogous reaction under the presence of a surfactant PEG 400. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, SEM, IR and TG/DTA
Structure and Properties of Ni/Sepiolite Catalyst
Authors: Xue‐Liang Zhai , Mi‐Ying Jia , Yu‐Shuang Shen
Published: June 2005

Under the hydrothermal condition, the surface of sepiolite was restored with silicate and Ni was precipitated on the restored sepiolite by precipitating‐reducing method. The surface of the samples was characterized by SEM, BET and XRD. The catalytic ability was examined by hydrogenation of toluene in gas phase over the silicate restored Ni/sepiolite catalyst. The experimental results show that distribution of Ni over the surface of the sample was even with bare aggregation and can be controlled, the ability of anti‐aging of this catalyst was about ten times higher than that prepared by impregnation method at the same reactive condition.
Arenicolsterol A, a Novel Cytotoxic Enolic Sulfated Sterol from a Marine Annelid Arenicola cristata
Authors: Bin Chen , Xian‐Rong Shen , Ji‐Lie Kong
Published: June 2005

Marine organisms are the important source of the bioactive metabolites. A novel enolic sulfated sterol, arenicolsterol A, has been isolated from a marine annelid Arenicola cristata collected in the coast of Mainland of China. The structure was elucidated using all sorts of spectroscopic data including ESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR etc. The cytotoxic bioactivity of this sterol was evaluated by MTT assay. It could inhibit the growth of human cervix cancer cell line (Hela) and human non‐small cell lung cancer cell line (NCI‐h6) with IC50 of (3.1±0.6) µg/mL and (7.6±0.8) µg/mL.
Effect of Solvation Film on the Viscosity of Colloidal Dispersions
Authors: Chang‐Sheng Peng , Qing‐Bao Gu , Shao‐Xian Song
Published: June 2005

Viscosity is one of the most important properties of colloids in mixing, transportation, stabilization, energy consumption, and so on. According to Einstein's viscosity equation, the viscosity of a colloidal dispersion increases with the increase of particle concentration. And the equation can be applicable to all micro‐particle dispersions, because the effect of solvation films coated on particles can be neglectable in that case. But with the decrease of particle size to nano‐scale, the formation of solvation films on nano‐particles can greatly affect the viscosity of a dispersion, and Einstein's equation may not be applicable to this case. In this work, one kind of micro‐size silica particle and two kinds of nano‐size silica particles were used to investigate the effect of solvation films on dispersion viscosity, dispersed in water and ethyl alcohol solvents, respectively. The results of theoretical calculation and experimental investigation show that the increase of viscosity is contributed from solvation films by more than 95 percent for nano‐particle dispersions, while less than 10 percent for micro‐particle dispersions.
Color Responses of a Tripodal Colorimetric Sensor toward Anions
Authors: Lan‐Hua Wei , Yong‐Bing He , Jin‐Long Wu , Hai‐Juan Qin , Kuo‐Xi Xu , Ling‐Zhi Meng
Published: June 2005

A thiourea‐based tripodal colorimetric anion sensor was synthesized. Its binding abilities with AcO‐ and halide anions in DMSO were studied by UV‐Vis spectra. The sensor showed different color responses to these anions. The association constants and different stoichiometries were deduced by nonlinear least‐square curve fitting or linear fitting.
Ring‐opening Polymerization of D,L‐Lactide by Lanthanide Tris(2,4,6‐trimethylphenolate): Characteristics and Kinetics
Authors: Ling Fan , Yu‐Bing Xiong , Ke‐Hua Tu , Zhi‐Quan Shen
Published: June 2005

Tris(2,4,6‐trimethylphenolate) lanthanide [Ln(OTMP)3] has been prepared and employed for ring‐opening polymerization of D,L‐lactide (LA) as single‐component catalysts. The characteristics, kinetics and mechanism were examined. The polymerization is first‐order with respect to monomer and initiator concentration, and the overall activation energy amounts to 62.9 kJ/mol. DSC curve disclosed the random structure of PLA. 1H NMR spectrum analysis demonstrates that the polymerization of LA proceeded through acyl‐oxygen bond cleavage.
Mechanism of LaCl3 on Increasing Photosystem II Activity of Spinach
Authors: Fa‐Shui Hong , Ling Wang , Ye Tao
Published: June 2005

The effect of LaCl3 on the K3Fe(CN)6 (FeCy) reduction rate and the oxygen‐evolving rate of PSII particles of spinach, and the spectral characterization of the D1/D2/Cytb559 of a PSII reaction center complex consisting of three polypeptides from spinach were studied. The experimental results showed that LaCl3 could significantly accelerate the transformation from light energy to electric energy, the electron transport, water photolysis and oxygen evolution of PSII of spinach, which was related to the spectral characterization of the D1/D2/Cytb559 complex. Soret band and Q band of Chl‐a of UV‐vis spectrum of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex were blue shifted, and the fluorescence emission peak was blue shifted in LaCl3 treated spinach compared with that in the control. The EXAFS (extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy) revealed that La3+ was coordinated with 8 nitrogen or oxygen atoms in the first coordination shell with LaN or LaO bond length of 0.254 nm, and with 6 nitrogen or oxygen atoms in the second coordination shell with LaN or LaO bond length of 0.321 nm in the D1/D2/Cytb559 complex. The CD suggested that the secondary structure of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex have been little affected by the treatment of LaCl3.
Pressure Ionization and Transitions in Dense Hydrogen
Authors: Ebeling W. , Hache H. , Juranek H. , Redmer R. , Röpke G.
Published: June 2005

Shock experiments with fluid hydrogen have shown that a transition from insulating behavior to metal‐like conductivity occurs at pressures beyond 100 GPa. This requires the development of new methods to describe the transition region of dense plasmas. The traditional approach due to Saha is based on the assumption of chemical equilibrium between charged and neutral components. This is equivalent to minimizing the free energy with respect to the composition. Here we improve an expression for the free energy developed recently to determine Hugoniot curves and isentropes in dense hydrogen and deuterium plasma in the regions of partial dissociation and partial ionization. We show that at high pressures the influence of the excluded volume occupied by neutral species is crucial for the transition to full ionization. We present curves for several thermodynamic functions for the region 5000 K < T < 20000 K and 0.6 g/cm3 < ϱ < 1 g/cm3. The influence of the effective radii of the neutral species is crucial in the transition region. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental Study of Laser Interaction with Fibrous and Foam‐Like Materials
Authors: Bugrov A. E. , Burdonskiy I. N. , Dedova O. L. , Fasakhov I. K. , Gavrilov V. V. , Goltsov A. Yu. , Gromov A. I. , Kondrashov V. N. , Koptyaev S. N. , Kovalskii N. G. , Medovshchikov S. F.
Published: June 2005

New results obtained in experiments on laser irradiation (I = 1014 W/cm2, λ = 1.055 micrometer) of lowdensity (1–30 mg/cm3) fibrous and foam‐like materials are presented and discussed. Influence of low‐density material microstructure of irradiated plane samples on processes of laser light absorption, X‐ray conversion, energy transport, plasma formation and homogenization was investigated. The pronounced effect of material microstructure on the parameters and dynamics of produced plasma has been found out using the variety of complementary X‐ray and optical methods. The extension of hot plasma region inside irradiated samples as well as the energy transport rate was observed to be several times higher for samples of foam‐like polystyrene than for samples of fibrous agar. The experiments with cascade targets consisting of several mylar films (film thickness and film‐to‐film spacing were varied) were carried out with the aim to model the polystyrene microstructure in a simplified manner. The low‐density fibrous samples with external and internal soft X‐ray sources (converters) were also irradiated. Preferences of either fiber or foam‐like material utilization in target constructions for specific research problems are considered. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mitigation of Electromagnetic Instabilities in Fast Ignition Scenario
Authors: Deutsch C. , Bret A. , Fromy P.
Published: June 2005

We address the issues of collective stopping for intense relativistic electron beams (REB) used to selectively ignite precompressed deuterium + tritium (DT) fuels. We investigate the subtle interplay of electron collisions in target as well as in beam plasmas with quasi‐linear electromagnetic growth rates. Intrabeam scattering is found effective in taming those instabilities, in particular for high transverse temperatures. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental Characterization of a Strongly Coupled Solid Density Plasma Generated in a Short‐pulse Laser Target Interaction
Authors: Gregori G. , Hansen S. B. , Clarke R. , Heathcote R. , Key M. H. , King J. , Klein R. I. , Izumi N. , Mackinnon A. J. , Moon S. J. , Park H.‐S. , Pasley J. , Patel N. , Patel P. K. , Remington B. A. , Ryutov D. D. , Shepherd R. , Snavely R. A. , Wilks S. C. , Zhang B. B. , Glenzer S. H.
Published: June 2005

We have measured high resolution copper Kα spectra from a picosecond high intensity laser produced plasma. By fitting the shape of the experimental spectra with a self‐consistent‐field model which includes all the relevant line shifts from multiply ionized atoms, we are able to infer time and spatially averaged electron temperatures (Te) and ionization state (Z) in the foil. Our results show increasing values for Te and Z when the overall mass of the target is reduced. In particular, we measure temperatures in excess of 200 eV with Z ∼ 13‐14. For these conditions the ion‐ion coupling constant is Γii ∼ 8‐9, thus suggesting the achievement of a strongly coupled plasma regime. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐moment modelling of the dynamic longitudinal conductivity of strongly coupled Coulomb systems
Authors: Ballester D. , Tkachenko I. M.
Published: June 2005

A dynamic longitudinal internal conductivity model, derived from the classical method of moments, is applied to the analysis of recent simulation data and reflectivity measurements of shock‐compressed dense xenon plasmas. This model satisfies both the non‐zerof–sum rule and the second non‐zero sum rule, and reproduces the non‐monotonicity of the conductivity of dense plasmas beyond the domain of applicability of the Drude‐Lorentz model. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural Features of Titanium Complexes of Salicylaldiminato Derivatives of Amino Acids
Authors: Müller Jens , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland , Erker Gerhard
Published: June 2005

Condensation of salicylaldehyde with amino acid derivatives gave the salicylaldimine derivatives 3 that reacted with TiCl4 with release of HCl to yield the chelate complexes [(SalPhgOMe)TiCl3] (4a), [(SalValOMe)TiCl3] (4b), and the dipeptide derivative [(SalAlaValOMe)TiCl3] (4d). The complex [(Sal*PhgOMe)TiCl3] (4c) was prepared analogously starting from 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and phenylglycine methyl ester. Complex rac‐4a was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and shown to feature a typical structure where the monoanionic ligand is tridentate, coordinating to the central titanium atom through both the phenolate oxygen atom and the ester carbonyl oxygen atom as well as through the imine nitrogen atom. A hydrolyzed carboxylate analogue of 4a exhibits an analogous central structural framework. In this case, however, the overall structure of rac‐5a was found to be a metallacyclic tetramer where four titanium atoms bind four such tridentate ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Organotin‐Substituted Crown Ethers for Ditopic Complexation of Anions and Cations
Authors: Reeske Gregor , Schürmann Markus , Costisella Burkhard , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: June 2005

The syntheses of the organotin‐substituted crown ethers m‐(Ph2XSnCH2CH2)‐15‐benzocrown‐5 (2, X = Ph; 3, X = I; 4, X = Cl; 5, X = NCS) and the salt [m‐(Ph3SnCH2CH2)‐15‐benzocrown‐5·Na]+SCN– (2a) are reported. Compounds 2a and 4 (as its aqua complex 4·H2O) are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction sudies. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry reveal the triorganotin chloride 4 to be a ditopic host towards sodium rhodanide. This statement is further supported by the ability of compound 4 to transport sodium rhodanide through an organic membrane. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Structural Transformations and Magnetic Effects Induced by Solvent Exchange in the Spin Crossover Complex [Fe(bpp)2][Cr(bpy)(ox)2]2
Authors: Giménez‐López Mari Carmen , Clemente‐León Miguel , Coronado Eugenio , Romero Francisco M. , Shova Sergiu , Tuchagues Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2005

Structural, thermal, magnetic and solvent‐exchange properties of the spin crossover compound [Fe(bpp)2][Cr(bpy)(ox)2]2 containing paramagnetic anions are given. This complex salt 1 crystallises as a dihydrate with two inequivalent (high‐spin and low‐spin) FeII sites. The dehydrated compound is a spin‐crossover material with T1/2↑ = 369 K and T1/2↓ = 353 K. Rehydration takes place without loss of crystallinity, yielding a polymorph (2) with 100 % high‐spin FeII sites. The different high‐spin fractions in 1 and 2 have been correlated to structural changes in the FeII second coordination sphere. The magnetic response to the presence of different sorbed molecules has also been explored. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Highly Efficient CuBr‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) between Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Activated Methylene Compounds
Authors: Li Zhiping , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: June 2005

A novel and efficient C–C bond‐formation method was developed: the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction catalyzed by copper bromide in the presence of an oxidizing reagent, tBuOOH. The CDC reaction provides a simple and efficient catalytic method to construct β‐amino diesters and β‐dicyano amines by a combination of two different sp3 C–H bonds followed by C–C bond formation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Improved dynamic control for permanent magnet AC (PMAC) machine in the field weakening region
Authors: Attaianese C. , Nardi V. , Tomasso G.
Published: June 2005

This paper presents a study of a predictive torque and flux control in the constant torque region and in the field‐weakening one of Permanent Magnet Alternate Machines (PMAC) fed by a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). It is based on the step‐by‐step determination of the inverter feeding voltage as a function of the current references, by taking into account both the steady state and the transient electrical constraints. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed approach and the possibility of achieving very good dynamic performances. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A20 Protects Mice From Lethal Radical Hepatectomy by Promoting Hepatocyte Proliferation via a p21waf1-Dependent Mechanism *
Authors: Longo Christopher R. , Patel Virendra I. , Shrikhande Gautam V. , Scali Salvatore T. , Csizmadia Eva , Daniel Soizic , Sun David W. , Grey Shane T. , Arvelo Maria B. , Ferran Christiane
Published: June 2005

The liver has a remarkable regenerative capacity, allowing recovery following injury. Regeneration after injury is contingent on maintenance of healthy residual liver mass, otherwise fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) may arise. Understanding the protective mechanisms safeguarding hepatocytes and promoting their proliferation is critical for devising therapeutic strategies for FHF. We demonstrate that A20 is part of the physiological response of hepatocytes to injury. In particular, A20 is significantly upregulated in the liver following partial hepatectomy. A20 protects hepatocytes from apoptosis and ongoing inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB. Hepatic expression of A20 in BALB/c mice dramatically improves survival following extended and radical lethal hepatectomy. A20 expression in the liver limits hepatocellular damage hence maintains bilirubin clearance and the liver synthetic function. In addition, A20 confers a proliferative advantage to hepatocytes via decreased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1.
In conclusion
, A20 provides a proliferative advantage to hepatocytes. By combining anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and pro-proliferative functions, A20-based therapies could be beneficial in prevention and treatment of FHF. (Hepatology 2005;42:156–164.)
Functional Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivating in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Negative Individuals *
Authors: Hass Meike , Hannoun Charles , Kalinina Tatyana , Sommer Gunhild , Manegold Christoph , Günther Stephan
Published: June 2005

The biological properties of latent or occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been poorly characterized as a result of the extremely low virus concentration. This report describes the phenotype of HBV reactivating in two patients after an HBsAg-negative latency period. One patient had latent HBV infection for at least 12 years without detectable viremia and symptoms of liver disease. Several full-length HBV genomes were cloned at reactivation, sequenced, and functionally tested by transfection into HuH7 cells. Genomes from both patients showed a low replication phenotype. It was caused at the level of RNA encapsidation or HBV DNA synthesis, but was not attributable to uncommon mutations in the terminal protein domain of P protein. A substantial subpopulation (≈50%) of genomes from one patient did not express pre-S2/S mRNA and HBsAg. Site-directed mutagenesis identified a single G-A mutation within the S gene (position 458) to be responsible for this effect. The G458A mutation was also effective if the S gene was placed under control of a heterologous promoter. Furthermore, nuclear run-on transcription showed that the G458A mutation acts at the posttranscriptional level. The mutation affected a 5′ splice site and prevented splicing of the pre-S2/S mRNA from position 458 to 1305.
In conclusion
, HBV latency may be characterized by viruses with reduced replication competence and antigen expression. In one patient, HBsAg expression was terminated by an as yet undescribed posttranscriptional mechanism. A single mutation inactivated a 5′ splice site that is obviously essential for pre-S2/S mRNA accumulation.

Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website

(
http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html
). (Hepatology 2005;42:93–103.)