bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flavour of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Fruit
Authors: Wijaya Hanny
Published: February 2016

Papaya is included in five major tropical fruits world production after banana, mango, and pineapple. Indonesia is one of leading country of papaya production after India and Brazil. The Centre of Tropical Fruits Study (PKBT) at Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia, has started a long term breeding program since 2003 in order improving the quality of local papayas. Fruit exports are being targeted at more specialized consumers, either those seeking products raised in more environmentally and health-conscious ways or those who are prepared to pay a significant for outstanding flavour. Flavour continues to be the predominant quality characteristic important for a successful international marketing. To understand the biosynthesis pathways are becoming more important for the flavour industry in recent years, as this could aid in the production of the flavour volatiles in the same manner as the natural biosynthesis. It is also necessary to understand the aroma active compounds and their changes during processing because unexpected changes in aroma may cause a product unmarketable even if the other quality factors are acceptable. Understanding the changes of aroma active compounds in the papaya fruit, such as loss of desirable flavour and development of off-flavour during processing will be very helpful for determining proper processing condition. The flavour composition of papaya fruit is reviewed in this paper. This paper will also overview of important publications regardingÂ  the characteristic features of the biology of the fruits, consumption worldwide, commercial application in food processing, though the review of biogenesis of volatiles still be the main focus. Â Keywords:Â  Papaya (Carica papaya L.), flavour, review, volatiles, tropical fruit, biogenesis.Â
Exotic Plants of Halimun Salak Corridor: Micro-Environment, Detection and Risk Analysis of Invasive Plants
Authors: Junaedi Decky Indrawan , - Dodo -
Published: February 2016

The research of exotic plant species detection and invasive plant risk analysis conducted in Halimun Salak corridor area. This study aims to do inventory of exotic plant species in this area and perform invasive plant risk analysis to the exotic plants found. The invasion risk assessment of detected exotic plants analyzed using Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) method. Moreover, analysis of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) based on inequality performed on relative humidity, light intensity, and soil pH. There are eleven exotic plant species which consist of three tree species and eight species of herbs / shrubs. Lantana camara and Camellia sinensis are the exotic species with biggest and smallest WRA score respectively.Â  MDS analysis shows that exotic tree species have similar environmental variables. Moreover, environmental variables of Clidemia hirta are relatively different from other exotic species found in the Halimun Salak corridor.Recommendations for the management of invasive exotic plant species in the area are:Â  immediate management implementation, priority of eradication to exotics that have not been abundant but have a high risk score, two management options (gradual eradication or containment) should be considered for exotics with very high WRA score such as Ageratina riparina, Chromolaena odorata and Lantana camara.
A gênese da sociedade do espetáculo: Teatro em Paris, Berlim, Londres e Viena.
Authors: Gariani Lucas Pinheiro
Published: February 2016

A gênese da sociedade do espetáculo: Teatro em Paris, Berlim, Londres e Viena.
Sobre a tese “ser que pode ser compreendido é linguagem”: hermenêutica como teoria filosófica
Authors: Pereira Viviane
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo tem o propósito de refletir sobre a tese de Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002): “ser que pode ser compreendido é linguagem”. Essencialmente, ela representa uma crítica às concepções tradicionais de linguagem e, ao mesmo tempo, uma mudança de objetivos da própria hermenêutica. Há várias interpretações sobre essa afirmação, mas alguns dos seus elementos não foram explorados. A relevância desse tipo de pesquisa é compreender em parte a teoria hermenêutica de Gadamer e a sua contribuição para a Filosofia.
Música envejecida y retorno a la libertad. Las críticas a la Escuela de Darmstadt de T. W. Adorno y su propuesta de una “musique informelle”
Authors: Bidon-Chanal Sol
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo se propone reponer y analizar las críticas que Theodor W. Adorno dirige a las composiciones y los procedimientos compositivos de la Escuela de Darmstadt en tanto profundización de ciertas tendencias del dodecafonismo, para posteriormente abordar la propuesta de Adorno de una música informal, considerándola como un contrapunto y una superación respecto de estos desarrollos musicales y encauzándola, a su vez, con el ideal de libertad que le confiere al atonalismo libre así como con el trabajo sobre el material musical que postula para los estilos tardíos de Schönberg y Beethoven.
Carl Schmitt as a Subject and Object of International Criminal Law: Ethical Judgment in Extremis
Authors: Bikundo Edwin
Published: February 2016

Since the Nuremberg trials in the ‘Justice case’ (United States v. Josef Alstötter, et al.) lawyers utilising the emptied forms of legal process to commit international crimes have been legally punishable. This self-reflexive approach to law by law distinguishes legal and illegal – ‘real’ law and ‘simulated’ law. Why then was the ‘Nazi crown jurist’ Carl Schmitt not prosecuted? Aspects of his work expressed avowedly anti-Semitic sentiments while some of his intellectual concepts could be deployed to support National Socialist territorial expansion or Lebensraum. This illustrates the difficulties of judging ethical behaviour in extreme situations where definitions of the legal/illegal are themselves disputed. Schmitt’s life and work (the two are inseparable as his lifework) cross both legal and prescriptive ethics and are consequently more of a meta-ethical dilemma. The law resolves this meta-ethical dilemma through introducing a split in the legal subject between the office they hold and their person.
The ‘Inherent Power’ of Judges: An Ethical Yardstick to Assess Prosecutorial Conduct at the icc
Authors: Oriolo Anna
Published: February 2016

Although the Code of Conduct for the Office of the Prosecutor (otp) of the International Criminal Court (icc) that entered into force in 2013 unquestionably provided a more comprehensive set of ethical standards for all members of the Office (both staff members and elected officials), it does not fully meet the current needs to balance the powers and faculties of the Prosecutor in compliance with fair trial principles, the credibility of the Court and the sound administration of justice. Notwithstanding the adoption of the Code, a controversial prosecutorial action in the Bemba et al. case led to a request to disqualify the entire staff of the otp. This paper takes the opportunity to remark on the ethical standards applicable to icc prosecution lawyers and specifically the role of icc judges as the ‘ultimate guardian of a fair and expeditious trial’ in outlining the criteria to assess the conduct, good standing and professionalism of the otp.
Taxonomic novelties from Irano-Turanian region and NE Iran: Oreosalsola, a new segregate from Salsola s.l., two new species in Anabasis and Salvia, and two new combinations in Caroxylon and Seseli
Authors: AKHANI HOSSEIN , KHOSHRAVESH ROXANA , MALEKMOHAMMADI MARYAM
Published: February 2016

Oreosalsola, a non-C4 lineage is described as a new genus segregated from Salsola s.l. (Chenopodiaceae). The phylogenetic position and anatomical structure of the new genus in relation to photosynthetic types are discussed. Anabasis firouzii (Chenopodiaceae) and Salvia shahkuhmahalei (Lamiaceae) are described from Golestan National Park (GNP) and Ghorkhod Protected Area (GPA), NE Iran. The new Anabasis is a C4 plant according to its Salsoloid Kranz anatomy and carbon isotope composition. Anabasis firouzii grows on species-poor marl outcrops of Kopet Dagh Mountains in GNP and GPA. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species is discussed using ITS sequence data. The position of Anabasis setifera within the genus Anabasis (not Salsola) is confirmed by updated molecular data. Salvia shahkuhmahalei is closely related to S. rhytidea that is native of Afghanistan and S Iran. Salsola iljinii is transferred to Caroxylon following a new phylogenetic concept of Salsoleae. Seseli tortusosum subsp. kiabii (Apiaceae) is elevated to the species level, which is justified by the recent knowledge. The new species are illustrated; their habitat, plant communities, associated species, threat categories and phytogeographic importance are discussed.
An Organizational Learning Framework for Patient Safety
Authors: Edwards Marc T.
Published: February 2016

Despite concerted effort to improve quality and safety, high reliability remains a distant goal. Although this likely reflects the challenge of organizational change, persistent controversy over basic issues suggests that weaknesses in conceptual models may contribute. The essence of operational improvement is organizational learning. This article presents a framework for identifying leverage points for improvement based on organizational learning theory and applies it to an analysis of current practice and controversy. Organizations learn from others, from defects, from measurement, and from mindfulness. These learning modes correspond with contemporary themes of collaboration, no blame for human error, accountability for performance, and managing the unexpected. The collaborative model has dominated improvement efforts. Greater attention to the underdeveloped modes of organizational learning may foster more rapid progress in patient safety by increasing organizational capabilities, strengthening a culture of safety, and fixing more of the process problems that contribute to patient harm.
Construction of a camelid VHH yeast two-hybrid library and the selection of VHH against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the Newcastle disease virus
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Hu Xiangyun , Tong Lina , Liu Dandan , Chang Xudong , Wang Haixin , Dang Ruyi , Wang Xinglong , Xiao Sa , Du Enqi , Yang Zengqi
Published: February 2016

Background

Newcastle disease (ND), which is caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important avian diseases in poultry. Since its discovery in 1926, ND has caused great economic losses to the world poultry industry and remains a threat to chickens and wild birds. Although a stringent vaccination policy is widely adopted to control ND, ND outbreaks still occur, and virulent NDV is sporadically isolated from chickens and wild birds. To study the pathogenesis of ND and provide tools to prevent its prevalence, novel antibody fragments should be developed. The variable domains of the heavy chain of the heavy-chain antibodies (VHH) are the smallest naturally occurring antibodies derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. The comparatively small size, high affinity, high solubility, low immunogenicity and ability to bind epitopes inaccessible to conventional antibodies of VHH make them ideal candidates for a considerable number of therapeutic and biotechnological applications. However, an anti-NDV VHH has not been reported to date.

Results

In this study, a VHH yeast two-hybrid library was constructed from NDV vaccine immunized C. bactrianus, and seven VHH fragments to the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of NDV were successfully screened and characterized for the first time. These selected VHH clones were all expressed as soluble protein in E. coli. ELISA, dot blot, immunocytochemistry and pull down results showed that the screened VHHs could interact with NDV virion, among which five had neutralizing activity. In addition, the seven VHHs could inhibit the haemagglutination activity of different NDV strains.

Conclusions

We constructed an NDV-immunized VHH yeast two-hybrid library and screened and characterized seven VHHs targeting NDV HN protein for the first time. The seven VHHs may have great potential for NDV diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutics.
Προσκυνήματα στον Σάραπι. Χαρτογραφώντας τους προσκυνηματικούς τόπους του Σαράπιδος στην Αίγυπτο
Authors: Fassa Eleni
Published: February 2016

After the 1971 article of G. Geraci, which gathered together the extensive evidence for Egyptian proskynemata, the practice of proskynema from a regional perspective has not attracted much scholarly attention. The present article presents and studies the documents relating to pilgrimages to Sarapis from the Hellenistic to the Imperial periods. It also places emphasis on the linguistic usage and the variations of the proskynema-expressions as well as their local character. From this analysis Abydos appears as the major centre of pilgrimages to Sarapis. The graffiti carved on the walls of the Memnonion present a lively picture of the activities of pilgrims: they visit the temple, which functions as a dream-oracle, mostly seeking healing or thanking the god for previous successful cures. Pilgrimages to Sarapis left traces of their presence (primarily dedicatory inscriptions) also at the Kharga Oasis, at Philae and as far as Lower Nubia. The literal proskynema to the Sarapieia of Egypt should be associated with the proskynema-formula that was used in letters from at least the 2nd century CE. The formula, which indirectly pertains to the literal practice of proskynema, is understood as an expression of affection towards and interest in the recipient. Finally, concerning the evolution of the Sarapis cult in general, the proskynema-evidence confirms the image of Sarapis as a major saviour god and as a personal god, to whom his adherents felt considerably attached.
Το τέλος τού μακεδονικού ελέγχου στον Ραμνούντα
Authors: Δουλφής Γεώργιος
Published: February 2016

Το άρθρο πραγματεύεται τον χρονικό προσδιορισμό τής «απελευθέρωσης» του αττικού δήμου-οχυρού τού Ραμνούντα από τον μακεδονικό έλεγχο στα μέσα τού 3ου αι. π.Χ. Με την αξιοποίηση των επιγραφικών κυρίως τεκμηρίων επιτυγχάνεται η άρθρωση τριών επιχειρημάτων που αφορούν στον τρόπο ανάληψης του στρατηγικού αξιώματος, τη συχνότητα εμφάνισης επιγραφικών κειμένων και τις πληθυσμιακές ομάδες τού δήμου. Έτσι, καταδεικνύεται ότι η μακεδονική φρουρά αποχώρησε από τον Ραμνούντα το 257/6 π.Χ., και όχι το 229/8 π.Χ., όπως ήταν μέχρι σήμερα δεκτό από την έρευνα. 
“Live history” of tourist routes
Authors: Тинякова Елена , Tinyakova Elena
Published: February 2016

The study focuses on such lines of modern understanding of history as the creation of “living history” in the modern

museum complexes, recreation of past historical events in documentary maximum proximity to the time of their

occurrence. This way of understanding history was inspired by many unresolved problems of the past interpretations

and the author’s opinions, and devoid of the human factor documents of the archives, which failed to rise

to objective conclusions. Time raised the question about the basis of psychological factor for the interpretation of

historical events. The object of the research was the study of local history, ethnographic museums, which stimulate

visitors in special units or in museum complexes and, of course, researchers to model the life of the historical past

[4]. The doors of the museums open; the story goes into the current life, but certainly in a confined space. They

develop new research areas as historical tourism that supports political culture, on the one hand, and historical

psychology, working directly on the quality of historical research, and the penetration into the human factor in the

historical process on the other hand. The difference between historical tourism from the traditional Ethnography

is that Ethnography adheres to the locality of the historical information, which is specific to the region. Moreover,

historic tourism builds ties that are committed to the integrity of national history. Of course, along with the tourist

places of historical content there is historical re-enactment animation and drama, that are increasingly popular

nowadays; “bridge” to the reconstruction of historical events is panoramic complexes, which are also included in

tourist routes. The relevance of the stated themes of the study is that the political culture of the Russians (and it is

based primarily on historical knowledge) must not be focused only on bookish knowledge of history, but also on the

history in action – here is tourism of the historical themes and dramatization of historical events.
An essay on the history and hermeneutics of Naṣīḥat al-Mulūk BY Ghazālī, Abu Ḥamid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Al-Tūsī: the symbolic and cultural code
Authors: Конурбаев Марклен , Konurbaev Marklen , Конурбаев Салават , Konurbaev Salavat
Published: February 2016

A symbolic and cultural analysis of the Oriental Philosophers’ writings is invariably a matter of great challenge and difficulty. It is always full of allegory and literary divagations which intersperse a smooth flow of argumentation. This paper is written by Marklen Konurbaev, Professor of Literature at Moscow State University and his son Salavat, a student of Arabic Philosophy. The paper consists of six parts and attempts to reveal the hidden message of a famous extract from the renowned book Ihya Ulum Al Din by a Persian philosopher Ghazālī, Abu Ḥamid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Al-Tūsī, devoted to the analysis of the notion of “fairness” in the doings of a ruler. The symbolic and cultural analysis of the work was performed based on the methodology propounded by Roland Gérard Barthes – a French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist and critic. This is the first ever attempt to put together the methodological efforts of a Western scholar and profoundly oriental piece of philosophy. Results of the hermeneutic study are stunning and elucidating. The paper could be recommended to the students of literature and philosophy at the universities and colleges.
An Acoustical Approach to the Study of the Wagons of the York Mystery Plays: Structure and Orientation
Authors: Lopez Mariana
Published: February 2016

The staging of the York Mystery Plays has been the subject of numerous research articles. Only limited attention has been paid, however, to the acoustics of the performance spaces. This paper discusses how digital technology can be applied to the exploration of the acoustical effects different types of wagon structures and orientations might have had on the spoken and sung items of the plays by focusing on their interaction with one of the sixteenth-century playing stations: Stonegate.
Review on continuing care needs of spinal cord injury
Authors: Sarhan Firas
Published: February 2016

This article is a summary of an inquiry into the provision of local health-care services for people being discharged from rehabilitation centres who have a spinal cord injury (SCI). The inquiry was conducted by the Spinal Injuries Association in 2015 and supported by an All-Party Parliamentary Group on SCI. The author, Firas Sarhan, will outline the key findings of the inquiry and its recommendations.
Probiotics: assessing health professionals' knowledge and understanding
Authors: Johnson Naomi , Thomas Linda , Jordan Deirdre
Published: February 2016

This article presents the results of a survey of primary care professionals, investigating their understanding and use of probiotics. While probiotics were recommended by 51.6% of the nurses who responded, probiotic recommendation was even higher in dietitians (91.2%) and GPs (78%). The main occasions for recommending probiotics were: during and after a course of antibiotics; irritable bowel syndrome; diarrhoea; for patients who are run down and susceptible to infection; constipation; diverticulitis; ulcerative colitis; before travel abroad; and for older persons and mothers or babies in families with allergic tendencies. Formulating evidence-based decisions for this category of functional foods might be difficult, however, as 33.3% of nurses said they had a poor or nonexistent understanding of probiotics. As scientific evidence for probiotics continues to accumulate, with positive results reported in a wide range of health areas, health professionals need to keep up to date, so that they can advise patients.
Arthrodesis of the ankle using an anterior sliding tibial graft for osteoarthritis secondary to osteonecrosis of the talus
Authors: Kodama N. , Takemura Y. , Shioji S. , Imai S.
Published: February 2016

Aims

This retrospective cohort study compared the results of vascularised and non-vascularised anterior sliding tibial grafts for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA)of the ankle secondary to osteonecrosis of the talus.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed the clinical and radiological outcomes of 27 patients who underwent arthrodesis with either vascularised or non-vascularised (conventional) grafts, comparing the outcomes (clinical scores, proportion with successful union and time to union) between the two groups. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Mazur and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores. The mean follow-up was 35 months (24 to 68).

Results

The mean outcome scores increased significantly in both groups. In the vascularised graft group, the mean Mazur score improved from 36.9 to 74.6 and the mean AOFAS scale improved from 49.6 to 80.1. In the conventional arthrodesis group, the mean Mazur score improved from 35.5 to 65 and the mean AOFAS scale from 49.2 to 67.6. Complete fusion was achieved in 13 patients (76%) in the vascularised group, but only four (40%) in the conventional group. The clinical outcomes and proportion achieving union were significantly better in the vascularised group compared with the conventional arthrodesis group, although time to union was similar in the two groups. Take home message: Vascularised sliding tibial grafts may be used to achieve arthrodesis in patients with OA of the ankle secondary to osteonecrosis of the talus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:359–64.
Effect of Various Freezing and Thawing Methods on Physicochemical Characterization of Carrot
Authors: Kim Jae-Hyeong , Min Sang-Gi , Choi Mi-Jung , Yoo Seon-Mi , Jo Yeon-Ji , Chun Ji-Yeon
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the combination effects of various freezing and thawing methods on the quality attributes of frozen carrot. Carrot samples were frozen by either individual air blast freezing (ABF, -45°C), liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF, -80°C) or natural freezing (NF, -24°C). Frozen carrots were thawed until the center temperature reached 4°C using natural air convection thawing (NT), flowing thawing (FT), sonification thawing (ST), or microwave thawing (MT). Changes in the quality of freezing and thawing combination were determined. In LNF, MT showed the most rapid thawing time (9.4 min) followed by ST (73 min), FT (87 min), and NT (84 min). LNF showed minimal thawing loss compared to those of ABF and NF (p<0.05). Hardness and water-holding capacity were decreased after all the tested combinations of freezing and thawing methods as compared to the control (blanched carrot). The highest thawing loss was observed at all the thawing combinations with NF. In the textural qualities, LNF-FT combination showed the best retention of hardness. In our study, LNF resulted in better quality attributes when it was combined with each thawing method compared to those of ABF and NF.
Influence of Semi-dry Heating Reaction Conditions on Resistant Starch Contents and Pasting Viscosities of Starch Citrates
Authors: Kim Seung-Hyun , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: February 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of main factors (starch genotype, pH, reaction temperature) and their interaction on the reaction efficiency (RE), molar degree of substitution (MS), resistant starch (RS) content, and pasting viscosity characteristics of starch citrates prepared using semi-dry heating reaction. Starch citrates were prepared at 10% (dry starch weight basis) anhydrous citric acid through semi-dry heating reaction for 3 h under reaction conditions constructed by a 23 full factorial design. Starch genotype (SG) significantly influence the increase of RE and RS and the decrease of pasting viscosity characteristics. The increase of pH significantly reduced the RE, MS, and RS contents, and enhanced the pasting characteristics, while the opposite effects were observed for reaction temperature. The interactions between SG and pH and between pH and temperature significantly enhanced the RE, MS, and RS contents. Pasting viscosity characteristics were significantly reduced by SG-pH and SG-temperature interactions, but enhanced by pH-temperature interaction. Overall, SG and SG-other factor interactions would be considered the positive component to enhance the RS content of starch citrates or the negative component to decline their pasting viscosity characteristics.
Anti-oxidant Effect of Ligularia fischeri Ethanol Extracts from District Areas in Korea
Authors: Lee Jae Yeon , Cho Young-Rak , Ahn Eun-Kyung , Seo Chan Gon , Kim Jin-Kyu , Seo Dong-Wan , Oh Joa Sub
Published: February 2016

Ligularia fischeri (LF) (Ledebour) Turczaninow (Compositae) has been used as a medicine to treat erysipelas, scarlet fever, and rheumatic arthritis in traditional eastern Asia including Korea, China, and Japan. In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant effect of LF using a variety of in vitro systems, DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC. To assess and compare the anti-oxidant effect and production places of LF, the ethanolic extract of LF from different places in Korea (Taebaek, Jeongseon, Yanggu, Pyeongchang, and Inje) were prepared. However, only the extract from Injecounty did have anti-oxidant activity, while other extract had little or no anti-oxidant activity. In addition, the compounds of LF ethanolic extract from Inje-area, such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C were investigated in the same analysis. Isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C were the best effect of anti-oxidant among these compounds. Taken together, these findings provide the first description of anti-oxidant activities of LF from different production places in Korea, and suggest that LF from Inje-area has anti-oxidant effect.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPACTING PRESSURE AND CONDITIONS IN PRESSING CHAMBER DURING BIOMASS PRESSING
Authors: Križan Peter , Matúš Miloš , Beniak Juraj
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we will present the impact of the conditions in pressing chambers during the pressing of wooden briquettes. The conditions in pressing chambers can significantly impact the resulting compacting pressure required for the pressing of briquettes. In the introduction, we show which parameters of the pressing chamber during pressing can impact the resulting compacting pressure. The experiment results which are shown in this paper described the detected impact of some important pressing chamber parameters. This experiment aims to detect the pressing chamber length impact and the impact of the way of pressing. By setting the pressing conditions, we will be able to achieve the suitable resulting compacting pressure with respect to the required final briquettes quality.
Insulin resistance: associations of personal characteristics and factors of lifestyle
Authors: Motovilin Oleg Gennad'evich , Surkova Elena Viktorovna , Mayorov Alexander Yur'evich , Mel'nikova Olga Georgievna , Koksharova Ekaterina Olegovna , Fedorova Elena Anatol'evna , Andreeva Svetlana Igorevna
Published: February 2016

Objective — to study the relationship of IR with some clinical characteristics (body weight, BMI, level of HbA1c) and social and psychological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and IGT.Material and methods.IR was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose and insulin (HOMA — homeostasis model assessment, the calculation of the IR index), patients were tested by using valid questionnaires (Strategic Approach to Coping Scale, The Level of Subjective Control, Self-attitude Questionnaire), and life style questionnaires.Results.Multiple associations of IR index with personal characteristics are revealed. The psychological profile of a patient with a high IR includes the reduction of positive self-attitude, uncertainty in their own abilities, especially in the interpersonal relationships. Such features can provoke rejection of the active and targeted overcome the difficulties of life, the desire to avoid decisions, and if it is impossible — aggressive reactions with defensive character and reflect the uncertainty in their forces. The association of body weight and results of psychological tests were detected: the more the worse self-attitude in a number of aspects. The correlations of IR index and weight with some characteristics of lifestyle (dietary habits, especially sleep) were also revealed.Conclusions.The observed association of IR and personal characteristics and lifestyle features are of interest and required larger studies.
Novel approaches of glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Trubitsyna Natalya Petrovna , Severina Anastasia Sergeevna , Minara Shamkhalova Shamkhalovna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: February 2016

Frequency of the diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) steadily increases around the world. Compensation of a carbohydrate metabolism plays a key role in prevention of development and progressing of CKD in patients with DM, that was proved in the largest researches. However at later stages of CKD compensation of a carbohydrate metabolism is extremely complicated because of high risk of hypoglycemia due to decrease in a renal gluconeogenesis, insulin and anti-hyperglycemic agents cumulation, inadequate level of glycated hemoglobin due to nephrogenic anemia. Thus, great care and an individual approach in choosing and intensification of hypoglycemic therapy are required in patients with diabetes. Incretin drugs have taken a worthy place in the international and national guidelines for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) showed a favorable efficacy and safety profile in patients with normal renal function and patients with CKD.
Could hatha yoga be a health-related physical activity?
Authors: Grabara Małgorzata
Published: February 2016

The objectives of this review paper are (I) the analysis based on previous studies of whether hatha yoga exercises fulfil the recommendation for the level of physical activity recommended by the WHO and ACSM; (II) the recommendation for how to arrange weekly hatha yoga practice, which can be considered a health-related physical activity; and (III) the analysis of the benefits of a regular hatha yoga workout in view of scientific studies, in particular regard to the prevention of diseases of civilization and improvement in health-related physical fitness.

Based on previous studies, only dynamic Sun Salutations of yoga exercises (Suryanamaskar) are moderate-intensity physical activity, and therefore must be performed at least 5 days a week in 30 min duration or 150 min per week meet the recommendation. Hatha yoga meets the recommendations regarding types of exercise, because it includes poses improving muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance. Dynamic sequences of Sun Salutation can be regarded as aerobic exercises. Regular hatha yoga training may be an intervention for the primary and secondary prevention of diseases of civilization. Yoga exercises were found to produce reductions in diastolic blood pressure; to improve cardiorespiratory system and metabolic parameters; to correct posture; to reduce back pain; to prevent obesity; to lower blood glucose level; to be beneficial for stress and depression; to relieve perceived pain; and to improve functional fitness and perceived quality of life. Hatha yoga also improves physical fitness, especially in regards to health-related fitness.

In the context of the recommendation and reported benefits, hatha yoga is the health-related physical activity.
Holistic Transformation Leading to Sustainable Development in China
Authors: Thong Chan Kei
Published: February 2016

China’s phenomenal economic development since 1979 has caught the attention and envy of the rest of the world. 500 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty since then.1 Yet, it has come with a huge price which threatens not only China but the rest of the world. These challenges include corruption, environmental issues, social inequalities and a rapidly aging population. If China is not able to overcome any of these, then its development will not be sustainable and the impact will be immensely negative just as its development over the last three decades have been positive on the rest of the world.

The purpose of this article is to show that there is a little-known transformation happening in China which may address the above issues. It is the thesis of the author that China’s present developmental challenges are fundamentally a problem of misplaced values, i.e. unsustainable priorities. And the little known transformation is that tens of millions of Chinese are quickly embracing a new set of values and accepting a biblical worldview.2 Rodney Stark, socialogist and popular author, has shown through his many works, such as For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-Hunts, and the End of Slavery,3 that societies which have espoused the monotheistic belief system are able to successfully overcome similar social challenges and remain viable.
CBER: An Effective Classification Approach Based on Enrichment Representation for Short Text Documents
Authors: Ismail Eman , Gad Walaa
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel approach called Classification Based on Enrichment Representation (CBER) of short text documents. The proposed approach extracts concepts occurring in short text documents and uses them to calculate the weight of the synonyms of each concept. Concepts with the same meanings will increase the weights of their synonyms. However, the text document is short and concepts are rarely repeated; therefore, we capture the semantic relationships among concepts and solve the disambiguation problem. The experimental results show that the proposed CBER is valuable in annotating short text documents to their best labels (classes). We used precision and recall measures to evaluate the proposed approach. CBER performance reached 93% and 94% in precision and recall, respectively.
Variations on Much Ado About Nothing: Beatrice and Benedick in Target-Language Adaptations
Authors: Mateo Marta
Published: February 2016

Drama texts are characterized by the transient nature of their stage reception and their malleability. This implies a close relationship with the context of performance while it also explains why they are frequently subject to varying degrees of adaptation. This article will study variations on Shakespeare’s comedy Much Ado About Nothing, first revising different approaches to its performance in the original language, and then analysing two adaptations which involve translation: a Spanish play, Jacinto Benavente’s Los favoritos, and a French opera, Hector Berlioz’s Béatrice et Bénédict, both inspired by the two most attractive and witty characters in the bard’s text, Beatrice and Benedick, who have been the object of a number of versions and adaptations and therefore encourage exploration in different contexts. Slightly different ways of dealing with the main elements in the play will be observed in these two target texts, for instance regarding the general tone, or issues such as the concepts of marriage and love; ultimately, these aspects also highlight the suppleness of drama texts, particularly of classic works, which tend to move easily between languages and cultures, historic periods or artistic genres.
Exploring the potential of brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) as a long-distance seed disperser: a pilot study in South-Western Europe
Authors: Lalleroni Aurélie , Quenette Pierre-Yves , Daufresne Tanguy , Pellerin Maryline , Baltzinger Christophe
Published: February 2016

Plant dispersal is crucial to maintaining plant community dynamics, especially in the current context of rapid environmental changes such as global warming and landscape fragmentation. We seized the opportunity to carry out a pilot study on endozoochorous dispersal by the endangered Pyrenean brown bear. We based our study on faeces collected by the Brown Bear Network and location data from three bears fitted with GPS collars and translocated from Slovenia to the Pyrenees in 2006. We studied 39 faecal samples, 25 of which contained seeds from two to three different taxa. We identified a total of 47 plant taxa, 30 to the genus level and 21 to the species level. The seeds from plants bearing fleshy fruits:
Crystal structure of hexaaquabis(μ2-3-(6-carboxylatopyridin-2-yl)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-ido)bis(μ3-3-(6-carboxylatopyridin-2-yl)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-ido)tetra-manganese(II) dihydrate, C48H40Mn4N24O16
Authors: Xue-Feng Wei , Juan Miao , Ling-Ling Shi
Published: February 2016

C48H40Mn4N24O16, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.458(7) Å, b = 14.095(8) Å, c = 14.679(8) Å, b = 96.535(7)°, 2766(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0570, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1273, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol hemihydrate, C13H17ClO3 · 0.5 H2O
Authors: Yuan Lin , Zhang Xing-Yu , Yuan Xian-You
Published: February 2016

C26H36Cl2O7, orthorhombic, Pccn, a = 14.2010(8) Å, b = 24.4565(15) Å, c = 7.8551(5) Å, V = 2728.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0434, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1291, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of tetrachlorido(1E,1′E)-N,N′-((1,4-phenylenebis(propane-2,2-diyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)methanimine-κN)dizinc(II), C36H34N4Zn2Cl4
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Jiang Yangqing , Xu Guohai
Published: February 2016

C36H34N4Zn2Cl4, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 7.4932(15) Å, b = 18.4540(37) Å, c = 12.9670(26) Å, β = 99.862(30)°, V = 1766.57(59) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0400, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1184, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of bis(2,4-dibromo-6-{(E)[(4-fluorobenzyl)imino]methyl}phenolato-κ2
N,O) copper(II), C28H18Br4F2N2O2Cu
Authors: Lu Qiong , Lei KeWei
Published: February 2016

C28H18Br4CuF2N2O2, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 14.6518(8) Å, b = 9.6738(5) Å, c = 11.1907(6) Å, β = 121.182(8)°, V = 1357.00(17) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0632, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0762, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-phenylthiourea, C17H22N2S
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Mostafa Gamal A. E. , Almutairi Maha S. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: February 2016

C17H22N2S, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.0579(7) Å, b = 11.12133(5) Å, c = 21.9741(13) Å, V = 2946.7(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0470, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1125, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 2,2′-[pentane-1,5-diylbis(oxy)]dibenzaldehyde, C19H20O4
Authors: Balić Tomislav , Marković Berislav
Published: February 2016

C19H20O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.5979(5) Å, b = 8.5654(2) Å, c = 11.8418(4) Å, β = 108.537(4)°, V = 1596.18(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0385, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0973, T = 190 K.
Crystal structure of 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea, C17H21ClN2S
Authors: Al-Omary Fatmah A. M. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , AlRabiah Haitham , Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: February 2016

C17H21ClN2S, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 17.2134(6) Å, b = 8.2251(2) Å, c = 22.5220(7) Å, V = 3188.71(17) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0371, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0933, T = 100 K.
Optical electron beam dosimetry with ceramic phosphors as passive sensor material for broad dose ranges
Authors: Reitzig Manuela , Goodband Rachel J. , Schuster Christiane , Härtling Thomas
Published: February 2016

Inorganic (ceramic) phosphors show distinct luminescence emission
features upon infrared or ultraviolet excitation which in some cases
depend on the history of the material. In particular, we observed the
temporal luminescence behaviour of sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4)
to change upon exposure to accelerated electrons. Hence, the material
can be used as an optical dosimetry material for high-energy
radiation. In this contribution we summarize our investigations of the
optical property changes induced by electron beam treatment and
present new data concerning the stability of the optical interrogation
process. As a result, we find a broad dose range (0 to
150 kGy) to be addressable with NaYF4. The highest dose
sensitivity occurs between 0 and 50 kGy which makes the
material a promising candidate for optical dosimetry below
5 kGy, a dose range addressed so far only with more complex
non-optical systems. Its high stability under ambient conditions
further corroborates a potential application of the material for
industrial dosimetry.
Verfahren der Zeitumkehr elastischer Wellen auf Platten für die lokale haptische Interaktion
Authors: Wöckel Sebastian , Steinmann Ulrike , Auge Jörg
Published: February 2016

Die Umkehrbarkeit elastischer Wellen in linearen Systemen kann ausgenutzt werden, um
zeitlich und lokal begrenzte Vibrationsereignisse auf Oberflächen zu erzeugen. Das damit
verbundene Verfahren der Zeitumkehr findet bereits in anderen Bereichen der Medizintechnik,
Werkstoffprüfung oder Lokalisierung von Fingerberührungen auf Oberflächen
erfolgreichen Einsatz. Aufgrund der mit elastischen Wellen hervorgerufenen
Oberflächenauslenkung bietet sich weiterführend die Möglichkeit, auf
berührungssensitiven Bildschirmen dem Nutzer eine lokal begrenzte haptische
Rückmeldung zu geben, um so beispielsweise auch für visuell beeinträchtigte
Personen die Verwendbarkeit von Touch-Displays im täglichen Umfeld zu
gewährleisten. Die Veröffentlichung demonstriert in diesem Kontext eine
simulationsgestützte Studie zur Realisierung lokaler haptisch erfassbarer
Vibrationsbereiche.
Bean Beetles Make Biology Research Sexy
Authors: Cotner Sehoya , Hebert Sadie
Published: February 2016

We describe a multiweek laboratory exercise that engages students in class-based research related to sexual reproduction, selection, orientation, and operational sex ratios. Specifically, students discuss contemporary research on sex in the bean beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, and then develop and test hypotheses related to bean beetle sex. Working with bean beetles is inexpensive and logistically manageable, allowing instructors to scale up to large-enrollment courses. In addition, live organisms engage students in meaningful dialogue related to evolution, sex, and the process of science itself.
Pasaulio kūrimas kai kurių šiuolaikinių lietuvių ir lenkų poetų kūryboje: nuo socrealizmo iki dabarties
Authors: Peluritytė-Tikuišienė Audinga
Published: February 2016

During the decades of the first independence, Lithuanian poetry has followed the European tradition of modernism.The best Lithuanian poetry represented authentic European modernism, its stylistic diversity and individualism. Nevertheless, the Soviet reality limited Lithuanian literature to a particularly hermetic world that protractedly ignored the experience of European art; it exalted socialist realism and its collectiveness, as well as impersonality.Lithuanian social-realist poetry has essentially encroached on the historical memory of town and culture as well as Christian metaphysics. Without metaphysics, contemporary Lithuanian poetry has faced the physical and utopian time line of Communism, propagated by the dogmas of socialist realism. Talented Lithuanian poets didn’t consider that such a possibility can be creative.During the Soviet era Lithuanian literature had been looking for its ontological identity in the prehistory of Baltic culture, international mythology of the earth ethos and the non-historical space of the Orient, which during the decades of the second independence were anchored already as a tradition of Lithuanian poetry.Meanwhile, in Polish literature, even during the period of socialist realism, they were able to stay in Christian discourse, and this was due to a stronger tradition of modernism, which allowed to carry out complex and more purposeful experiments of poetic form.When independence was restored, similar tendencies became significant: young Polish and Lithuanian writers adored some Polish poetry classics (mostly the neo-classics: Cz. Miłosz, Szymborska and Herbert) and were able to retain if not the attitude of Christian metaphysics then at least that of Christian ethics, as well as the philosophical and moral authority of Christianity under the circumstances of Soviet censorship.Towns and the history of human culture have become the mark of the world-view of contemporary Polish neo-classicism. Nobel prizes provided those marks with important international recognition. The civic attitude of Cz. Miłosz, as well as poetic philosophy in emigration writings, facing the regained independence of Poland have become an important moral argument for the expansion of the neo-classicist school in Poland. The excellence of Szymborska’s and Herbert’s poetry and philosophical attitude created a pretext of prosperity for the neo-classicist tradition in Polish poetry.
Mortality in Children Under Five Receiving Nonphysician Clinician Emergency Care in Uganda
Authors: Rice Brian , Periyanayagam Usha , Chamberlain Stacey , Dreifuss Bradley , Hammerstedt Heather , Nelson Sara , Maling Samuel , Bisanzo Mark
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

A nonphysician clinician (NPC) training program was started in Uganda in 2009. NPC care was initially supervised by a physician and subsequent care was independent. The mortality of children under 5 (U5) was analyzed to evaluate the impact of transitioning NPC care from physician-supervised to independent care.

METHODS:

A retrospective review was performed of a quality assurance database including 3-day follow-up for all patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Mortality rates were calculated and χ2 tests used for significance of proportions. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess independent predictors of mortality.

RESULTS:

Overall, 68.8% of 4985 U5 patients were admitted and 28.6% were “severely ill.” The overall mortality was significantly lower in physician-supervised versus independent NPC care (2.90% vs 5.04%, P = .05). No significant mortality difference was seen between supervised and unsupervised care (2.17% vs 3.01%, P = .43) for the majority of patients that were not severely ill. Severely ill patients analyzed separately showed a significant mortality difference (4.07% vs 10.3%, P = .01). Logistic regression revealed physician supervision significantly reduced mortality for patients overall (odds ratio = 0.52, P = .03), but not for nonseverely ill patients analyzed separately (odds ratio = 0.73, P = .47).

CONCLUSIONS:

Though physician supervision reduced mortality for the severely ill subset of patients, physicians are not available full-time in most EDs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Training NPCs in emergency care produced noninferior mortality outcomes for unsupervised NPC care compared with physician-supervised NPC care for the majority of U5 patients.