bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Is behind Anti-Corruption?
Authors: Chen Cheng
Published: January 2021

Under Putin and Xi, the post-communist authoritarian regimes in Russia and China had both initiated anti-corruption programs that exhibited some parallels but were also profoundly different. Through a contextualized comparison, and drawing on Russian and Chinese sources, this article puts forth an institutionalist argument that these campaigns were being driven by divergent strategic objectives shaped by different formal and informal institutional settings. Whereas Putin’s more limited anti-corruption program was essentially a defensive move, embedded in factionalism, primarily aimed at protecting his political power under “competitive” authoritarianism, Xi’s broader and deeper campaign could be seen as an offensive initiative, targeting factionalism with a long-term goal to strengthen the CCP party-state, in addition to the obvious short-term objective of his own power consolidation.
The Hybrid I/Eye
Authors: Parks Elizabeth S.
Published: January 2021

Hybridity, when related to identity research, points to a blending of difference in such a way that new performances of identity may appear in various social interactions. Exploring hybridity can create new perceptions of social life and reveal the complex ways that people’s diverse relationships and life stages construct people’s identities. In this critical autoethnography, I consider how disability and racial identities intersect. More specifically, I relate how my narrative experience with the disabling symptoms of Graves’ Disease impacted the ascription of Asian racial identity based on the reading of the physicality of my eyes. Grounded in these personal narratives, I theorize about ways that hybridity can cross boundaries of categorical difference in the ways that it is socially constructed, fluid, and changing. Some changes are expected, as age transforms all of us; others are unexpected, as the body and mind are surprised by illness and rapid physical changes impact avowed and ascribed identities. I offer this autoethnography of these intersecting spaces as one performance of evolving identity work that impacted my own and others’ imagination of race and disability. I hope to create new insight into how our social worlds are constructed (and privileged ideologies promoted) in everyday life.
Pastiche y neovanguardismo, hibridación, ludismo y postpoesía… o "bluff"
Authors: Morales Barba Rafael
Published: January 2021

La Generación Nocilla apareció en la literatura española a partir de una serie de poemas, relatos, blogs y novelas de Agustín Fernández Mallo. El ensayo Postpoesía. Hacia un nuevo paradigma (2009) completó una propuesta que se había formulado en buena medida en otro ensayo importante para la cuestión, Afterpop (2007), de Eloy Fernández Cuesta, o a Vicente Luis Mora y Pablo García Casado. Mallo buscaba una regeneración de la narrativa y de la poesía, a la que consideraba moribunda en España, desde la hibridación de los géneros, apelando a los mass-media, en un ejercicio experimental. Nocilla lab era un laboratorio o arte trasgénico, de arte informático, cómics, de arte fractal, de teatro electrónico, de arte biotecnológico, de arte posthumano o del arte del caos. Sin embargo, es difícil distinguir en algunos casos la hibridación y todo se parece sospechosamente en un neovanguardismo sin demasiado fundamento teórico al fondo. Todo se parecía mucho y era simplemente novedoso. La novela Nocilla Lab fue seguramente su momento más importante.
Análisis comparativo de las estructuras articulatorias de los mundos posibles en las transducciones de "Brideshead Revisited" de Evelyn Waugh
Authors: Hernández Ruiz Victoria
Published: January 2021

Las obras de ficción poseen en su constitución artística estructuras que articulan el mundo posible que en ellas se desarrolla y las interacciones de los personajes entre sí y con el mundo en el que habitan. Estas estructuras articulatorias de los mundos posibles, mediante procesos miméticos, emulan patrones existentes en la realidad efectiva, haciendo que los mundos ficcionales sean verosímiles, reconocibles y significativos para el receptor. En este artículo nos detenemos a examinar las estructuras que responden a categorías éticas, estéticas y religiosas y analizamos la presencia o ausencia de estas en las transducciones intersemióticas televisiva y cinematográfica de la obra literaria Brideshead Revisited, de Evelyn Waugh y comprobamos de qué modo la estructura de orden general del protomundo se ve afectada en el proceso de transmodalización al respetar o prescindir de estas estructuras articulatorias.
"Parásitos"
Authors: Gutiérrez Bracho Carlos
Published: January 2021

En la antigua Grecia, la palabra parasito se refería, originalmente, a los altos funcionarios encargados de verificar la cosecha del trigo. Ser parásito era un gran honor, porque a estos seres se les consideraba sagrados. Sin embargo, en algún momento, esta figura comenzó a tener mala fama y fue adoptada por los antiguos dramaturgos grecolatinos para describir personajes cómicos que viven a expensas de otros. Este trabajo analiza la figura del parásito como metáfora de la naturaleza humana en las obras de Plauto y Terencio, así como en la famosa película Parásitos de Bong Joon-ho. Se trata de una propuesta que también se apoya en los postulados de Thomas Hobbes, Jaques Derrida y Michel Serres, para quienes el hombre tiene una condición que encuentra ecos con la de los parásitos: la de los lobos.
Spinal meningioma surgery: predictive factors of outcome
Authors: SUBAČIŪTĖ Jadvyga
Published: January 2021

Object. The aim of this report is to evaluate the predictive factors of poor functional outcome in spinal cord meningioma surgery.
Materials and methods. One hundred patients with spinal cord meningioma (14 men and 86 women at the age of 13–87) operated in our Neurosurgical Clinic were analyzed. Statistical data analysis evaluated the importance of symptoms, duration and neurological status before surgery and meningioma localization according to the spinal cord axis for the results of surgery.
Results. Total tumour removal was achieved in 92 and subtotal in 8 cases. In the early postoperative period, 61% of patients recovered and improved. The results of surgery reliably depended on the duration of symptoms before operation (p = 0.05). The risk of unimprovement prevailed in patients with paraplegia in comparison with other motor deficits. The risk of poor outcome increased with a 95% confidence index when tumour localization was ventral and caudal as compared with the dumbbell, dorsal and epidural localization taken together. Mortality was 3% after the subtotal removal of tumour, and in 3% of cases neoplasma recurred. The mean follow up was 1–22 years. The outcome at the last followup was good in 50% of cases.
Conclusions. Functional outcome after surgery reliably dependeds on: 1) the duration of symptoms before hospitalization (with a poor outcome when the duration of illness was more than 3 years); 2) the preoperative neurological condition of patients (a poor prognosis in paraplegic patients); 3) tumour localization with respect to the spinal cord axis (risk of unimprovement when the tumour was of ventral and caudal localization).

Keywords: meningioma of spinal cord, surgery, outcome, predictive factors, late prognosis
Standard Versus Long Peripheral Catheters for Multiday IV Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qin Kirby R. , Ensor Nicholas , Barnes Richard , Englin Anna , Nataraja Ramesh M. , Pacilli Maurizio
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:

In children, intravenous therapy (IVT) is generally administered via peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) (2–6 cm in length). There is evidence that PIVCs are unreliable after 2 days. Long peripheral catheters (LPCs) (6–15 cm in length) could improve the delivery of IVT. The aim of this trial was to determine if LPCs could decrease catheter failure and the number of catheters in children receiving multiday IVT.

METHODS:

This was an open-label randomized controlled trial conducted at Monash Children’s Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were from the ages of 1 to 17 years, undergoing surgery and requiring >48 hours of postoperative IVT. Participants were randomly assigned to a 2.5-cm 22G PIVC or an 8-cm 22G LPC.

RESULTS:

Seventy-two children were randomly assigned, 36 received PIVCs, and 36 received LPCs. The median duration of IVT was 5.1 days and was similar between groups (P = .9). Catheter failure was higher for PIVCs than LPCs (66.7% vs 19.4%; relative risk [RR]: 3.4; P = .0001 or 187.9 vs 41.0 failures per 1000 catheter-days). Infiltration was the most common reason for PIVC failure (33.3% vs 2.8%; RR: 12.0; P = .001). LPCs exhibited superior life span (4.7 vs 3.5 days [median]; P = .01). Children with LPCs were twice as likely to complete therapy with a single catheter (80.6% vs 38.9%; RR: 2.1; P = .0006).

CONCLUSIONS:

LPCs reduce catheter failure and total catheters in children. They should be considered as the first-line device for peripheral access in any child receiving prolonged IVT.
Uma análise da analogia feita por Kuhn entre revoluções científicas e políticas
Authors: Da Silva Seabra Luiz Pedro , De Assis Dias Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Thomas Kuhn, em sua obra A estrutura das revoluções científicas faz uma analogia entre revoluções políticas e científicas para esclarecer a natureza dessas últimas dando ênfase a alguns aspectos em comum entre ambas. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar até que ponto essa analogia é válida. Para tal, tomaremos como referência a concepção de revolução política formulada por Alexis de Tocqueville em O antigo regime e a revolução, pois para nós, Kuhn tem em mente a revolução francesa ao fazer sua comparação. Consideramos os dois tipos de processos revolucionários comparáveis se enfatizarmos apenas seus aspectos estruturais, mas se pretendermos identificar os motivos da sua realização e explicar a racionalidade científica por meio de esquemas conceituais das ciências sociais, a analogia apresenta limitações. Como fundamento a esta última posição, tomaremos por base as críticas à analogia kuhniana feitas por Alberto Oliva em sua obra Ciência e sociedade: do consenso à revolução.
Palavras-chave: Revolução científica; revolução política; analogia; mudança.
Quantifying the effect of oxygen on micro-mechanical properties of a near-alpha titanium alloy
Authors: Gardner H. M. , Gopon P. , Magazzeni C. M. , Radecka A. , Fox K. , Rugg D. , Wade J. , Armstrong D. E. J. , Moody M. P. , Bagot P. A. J.
Published: January 2021

Titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry, yet oxygen ingress can severely degrade the mechanical properties of titanium alloy components. Atom probe tomography (APT), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and nanoindentation were used to characterise the oxygen-rich layer on an in-service jet engine compressor disc, manufactured from the titanium alloy TIMETAL 834. Oxygen ingress was quantified and related to changes in mechanical properties through nanoindentation studies. The relationship between oxygen concentration, microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness has been explored through correlative hardness mapping, EPMA and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It has been found that the hardening effects of microstructure and crystallography are only significant at very low-oxygen concentrations, whereas interstitial solid solution hardening dominates by order of magnitude for higher oxygen concentrations. The role of microstructure on oxygen ingress has been studied and oxygen ingress along a potential α/β interface was directly observed on the nanoscale using APT.
A simple fabrication of superhydrophobic PVDF/SiO2 coatings and their anti-icing properties
Authors: Tan Xinyu , Huang Zhengtao , Jiang Lihua , Xiao Ting , Wang Yunkuan , Yang Xiongbo , Zhu Heng , Li Shuangshuang , Chen Xiaobo
Published: January 2021

Superhydrophobic coatings have been regarded as potential promising solutions to many problems, e.g., ice accumulation in the winter seasons. To be practically useful and economically attractive, it is necessary to fabricate such coatings using facile methods, i.e., with minimal steps and low cost. In this work, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/SiO2 coating is successfully prepared with a simple dip coating method. It shows impressive superhydrophobic properties with a large water contact angle (WCA) of 159° and a small sliding angle (SA) of less than 3°. Meanwhile, its superhydrophobic properties are robust in a large temperature range of – 30 to 350 °C and in various environments. Moreover, it shows remarkable anti-icing properties by delaying the freezing time (4 times) and reducing (40%) the adhesion of the ice on the substrate. Therefore, this work has displayed a promising approach for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings towards anti-icing applications.
Nanoindentation in multi-modal map combinations: a correlative approach to local mechanical property assessment
Authors: Magazzeni Christopher M. , Gardner Hazel M. , Howe Inigo , Gopon Phillip , Waite John C. , Rugg David , Armstrong David E. J. , Wilkinson Angus J.
Published: January 2021

A method is presented for the registration and correlation of property maps of materials, including data from nanoindentation hardness, Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD), and Electron Micro-Probe Analysis (EPMA). This highly spatially resolved method allows for the study of micron-scale microstructural features, and has the capability to rapidly extract correlations between multiple features of interest from datasets containing thousands of data points. Two case studies are presented in commercially pure (CP) titanium: in the first instance, the effect of crystal anisotropy on measured hardness and, in the second instance, the effect of an oxygen diffusion layer on hardness. The independently collected property maps are registered using affine geometric transformations and are interpolated to allow for direct correlation. The results show strong agreement with trends observed in the literature, as well as providing a large dataset to facilitate future statistical analysis of microstructure-dependent mechanisms.

Graphical abstract
Analysis of regulatory T lymphocytes in fungal infections
Authors: Popov S. V. , Shmelkov I. Yu. , Khaidukov S. V.
Published: January 2021

Morbidity and mortality rates in invasive mycoses determine the need to improve methods for their timely diagnosis by assessment the patients’ immune status. Evaluation of individual immune status allows the clinician to predict the development and course of fungal infections. At the same time, identification of opportunistic mycosis in immunocompetent patients should require a search for some hidden immune deficiency. Determining the cause of such immune defects can help develop an effective strategy for both etiotropic and immune therapy of patients with invasive mycoses. Currently, the functions of regulatory T lymphocytes that support immunological tolerance in fungal infections remain to be incompletely studied. In this review, we present experimental works which suggest that the regulatory T lymphocytes are able to suppress immune responses to fungi by stimulating the immunosuppressive environment. It was shown that regulatory T lymphocytes use Toll-like receptor 2 to achieve immunosuppression in Candida infections. The balance between the number and function of regulatory T lymphocytes is essential for elimination of fungal pathogens and protection against post-infectious immunopathological conditions. It was found that the regulatory T lymphocytes provide protection at an early stage of Candida infection, since, due to IL-2 suppression, they enhance Th17 differentiation and clearance of fungi. Moreover, at the later stages of infection, the regulatory T lymphocytes have an inhibitory effect. The balance between Th17 and regulatory T lymphocytes in mucosal lining is considered the main factor for distinguishing between commensal carriage and Candida albicans infection. The study is presented which indicate that disseminated candidiasis associated with expansion of regulatory T lymphocytes stimulates a Th17-cell response that controls the course of the disease. The mechanisms that control regulatory T lymphocytes homeostasis are essential for providing effective protection against pathogens, as well as for controlling the immunopathological conditions associated with Candida infection. The review presents data that have established the role of TGF-β1 in increasing the viability of regulatory T lymphocytes, which is correlated with the pronounced immunomodulating role of these cells at the later phase of Candida infections of the mucous membrane. It has been also demonstrated that the pulmonary regulatory Tlymphocytes are induced during cryptococcal infection, which predominantly suppresses Th2 cells, thereby supporting its course. Expansion of the regulatory T lymphocytes upon administration of IL-2/antiIL-2 complex during cryptococcal infection led to a decrease in IgE production and a decrease in allergic airway inflammation. It should be noted that refinement of prognostic value of the regulatory T lymphocytes in human fungal infections may substantiate the basic principles of targeted immunotherapy.
Corrective effects of original bioflavonoid complex in the cyclophosphamide-induced immunity disorders
Authors: Goldina I. A. , Markova E. V. , Orlovskaya I. A. , Toporkova L. B. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: January 2021

Our aim was to evaluate immunomodulatory properties of an original bioflavonoid complex in experimental immune disturbances induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). We have studied morphometric indexes of thymus and spleen, as well as blood leukocyte counts, cell proliferative activity in lymphoid organs, delayed hypersensitivity responses to T cell-dependent antigen, along with differentiation activity of bone marrow stem cells in experimental animals during Cy-induced immune suppression after a course of bioflavonoid treatment. Suspension of the bioflafonoid complex was introduced to the male mice (СВАхC57Bl/6)F1 aged 12- 14 weeks at a daily dose of 2 mg/animal (80 mg/kg), per os, using gastric catheter, over 14 days. Cytostatic immunosuppression was produced by a single intraperitoneal Cy injection. Proliferative activity of spleen and thymic cells was determined by standard method with Н3 -thymidine incorporation in the 72-h cell culture. Cellular immune response was assayed by the degree of delayed-type hypersensitivity development in response to sheep erythrocytes. The number of hematopoietic progenitors was evaluated by culturing bone marrow cells in methylcellulose-based medium. The experiments have shown mitigation of immunosuppressive effects induced by Cy, in the course of bioflavonoid complex treatment, with respect to absolute and relative mass of lymphoid organs and leukocyte numbers in peripheral blood. Moreover, we have demonstrated decreased effects of Cy treatment upon the spontaneous activity of spleen cells, mitogen-induced thymocyte and splenocyte proliferation, intensivity of delayed-type hypersensitivity response that reached the values of intact animals. Following the course of bioflavonoids, we have revealed an increase in early hematopoietic progenitors. Alleviation of Cy-induced suppressive effects upon cellular immune response, proliferation rates of immune cells, as well as stimulation of hematopoietic stem cell functions suggest a sufficient capacity of the original bioflavonoid complex for modulation of immunity and hematopoiesis, thus presenting experimental proofs for its potential usage as an adjuvant treatment of the patients with malignant diseases.
Influence of streptococcal arginine deiminase on the leukocyte infiltration in murine air pouch model
Authors: Starikova E. A. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Burova L. A. , Lebedeva A. M. , Mammedova J. T. , Freidlin I. S.
Published: January 2021

Numerous pathogens express arginine deiminase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine in a chain of biochemical reactions aimed at the synthesis of ATP in bacterial cells. L-arginine is a semi-essential, proteinogenic amino acid that plays an important role in regulating the functions of the immune system cells in mammals. Depletion of L-arginine may cause a weakening of the immune reaction. In order to improve the conditions of dissemination, many pathogens use a strategy of L-arginine depletion in the microenvironment of host cells. Bacterial arginine deiminase can be a pathogenicity factor aimed for dysregulating the processes of inflammation and immune response. In general, the effect of arginine deiminase on immune cells may result into disturbed production of regulatory proinflammatory molecules, such as NO, and related substances, inhibition of activation, migration and differentiation of individual leukocyte subsets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of arginine deiminase on the formation of inflammatory infiltrate in murine air pouch model of streptococcal infection. Materials and methods: The study was performed using S. pyogenes M49-16 expressing arginine deiminase and its isogenic mutant S. pyogenes M49-16delArcA with inactivated arginine deiminase gene. The flow cytometry analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate leukocytes subpopulation in mice infected with the original strain of S. pyogenes M49-16 and its isogenic mutant S. pyogenes M49-16delArcA at different periods of infection was performed. It was shown that the inflammation reached its peak 6 hours after streptococcal inoculation, being more pronounced in mice infected with the mutant strain. Тhis finding was affirmed by a simultaneous and more pronounced increase in the absolute numbers of all leukocyte subsets in the focus of inflammation in this group of mice when compared to mice infected with original bacterial strain. Despite the decrease in the absolute number of all leukocyte types in the inflammatory infiltrate in both groups of mice for 24 hours, this trend was more pronounced in the group of mice infected with mutant microbial strain. Comparison of the inflammatory infiltrates developing in mice infected with original versus mutant strains showed that arginine deiminase may be a pathogenicity factor leading to dysregulation of protective immune response, due to impaired migration of white blood cells to the site of infection.
Avaliação do trabalho dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Báscia (NASF-AB) por usuários, segundo os atributos da atenção primária
Authors: Moreira Diane Costa , Bispo Júnior José Patrício , Nery Adriana Alves , Cardoso Jefferson Paixão
Published: January 2021

Resumo: O estudo objetivou avaliar o trabalho dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB), na perspectiva dos usuários, a partir dos atributos da atenção primária à saúde (APS) abrangente. Trata-se de estudo de avaliação qualitativa do tipo casos múltiplos, desenvolvido em seis municípios do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico-metodológico uma matriz avaliativa fundamentada nos atributos de acesso, longitudinalidade e integralidade. A matriz também considerou os pressupostos do Apoio Matricial e as diretrizes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. As fontes de dados e informações foram 44 entrevistas com usuários do NASF-AB e observação das atividades dos núcleos e das rotinas das unidades de saúde. Evidenciou-se que os usuários têm acesso restrito às atividades dos núcleos. A disponibilidade de atendimentos clínicos mostrou-se insuficiente, a acessibilidade foi facilitada pela realização de visitas domiciliares e a aceitabilidade ficou abalada diante das frustrações por expectativas não cumpridas. A longitudinalidade do cuidado não tem sido priorizada no trabalho dos núcleos, com frágil envolvimento dos apoiadores no desenvolvimento do cuidado continuado. As atividades grupais demonstraram potencialidade para formação de vínculo. No atributo da integralidade, foi identificado que a presença dos núcleos contribuiu para o incremento de ações e a resolutividade, no entanto a articulação com a rede de atenção foi inexpressiva. Conclui-se que o trabalho do NASF-AB apresentou restrições para o desenvolvimento da APS abrangente. Os resultados também sugerem potencialidades com capacidade de fortalecer os cuidados primários que são pouco explorados.
Desafios do Estado brasileiro diante da pandemia de COVID-19: o caso da paradiplomacia maranhense
Authors: Alvarenga Alexandre Andrade , Rocha Erika Maria Sampaio , Filippon Jonathan , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Resumo: À medida que a pandemia de COVID-19 se espalhou pelo mundo em 2020, populações, autoridades e instituições locais e globais de governança em saúde foram atingidas de maneira distinta. A chamada Diplomacia em Saúde Global e a “paradiplomacia” tornaram-se instrumentos e arenas de relevância diante dos desafios trazidos pela pandemia, sobretudo para atores não estatais ou subnacionais. Este Ensaio analisa o caso do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, no contexto da pandemia, que, por meio de uma “operação de guerra”, comprou no mercado internacional mais de cem respiradores à revelia do Governo Federal, em um momento de acirrada competição internacional por materiais e equipamentos médicos. O Ensaio investiga os principais aspectos, contextos, razões, fatores, atores e ações que contextualizam a operação realizada pelo Estado do Maranhão, como uma atividade paradiplomática e de Diplomacia em Saúde Global de um ente subnacional no Brasil. Analisamos os conceitos citados à luz da literatura sobre o tema e estudamos a atuação do Maranhão a partir do cruzamento de dados de documentos, pronunciamentos e notícias. Concluímos que o caso maranhense ilustra a capacidade de entes locais responderem às emergências de cunho global, principalmente em contextos de ineficácia ou ausência do executivo federal, legitimando ações independentes que visem à proteção da vida.
Individual and contextual predictors of children’s hemoglobin levels from Southern Brazilian municipalities in social vulnerability
Authors: Silva Débora Letícia Frizzi , Höfelmann Doroteia Aparecida , Taconeli Cesar Augusto , Lang Regina Maria Ferreira , Dallazen Camila , Tietzmann Daniela Cardoso , Moreira Julia Dubois , Silva Sara Araújo da , Nilson Eduardo Augusto Fernandes , Gonçalves Vivian Siqueira Santos , Crispim Sandra Patricia
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Few studies have investigated the simultaneous effect of individual and contextual factors on the occurrences of anemia. This study aims to evaluate the variability of children’s hemoglobin levels from municipalities in social vulnerability and its association with factors of individual and municipal nature. This is a cross-sectional, multi-center study, with children data (12-59 months) collected from 48 municipalities of the Southern region of Brazil, that were included in the Brazil Without Poverty Plan. Individuals’ data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and secondary and ecological data of children’s municipalities were collected via national surveys and institutional websites. The outcome was defined as the hemoglobin level obtained by HemoCue. A multilevel analysis was performed using Generalized Linear Models for Location Scale and Shape using R, with a 5% significance level. A total of 1,501 children were evaluated. The mean hemoglobin level was 12.8g/dL (95%CI: 12.7-12.8), with significant variability between municipalities. Lower values of hemoglobin were observed in children who lived in municipalities with a higher urbanization rate and a lower number of Community Health Agents, in relation to the reference categories. At the individual level, lower hemoglobin values were identified for children under 24 months, not enrolled at daycares, who were beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program and diagnosed with underweight. The results shed light on important factors at the municipal and the individual levels that were associated to the hemoglobin levels of children living in municipalities in social vulnerability.
Judicialização no acesso a medicamentos: análise das demandas judiciais no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Yonara Monique da Costa , Braga Bárbara Suellen Fonseca , Farias Andrezza Duarte , Vasconcelos Cipriano Maia de , Ferreira Maria Angela Fernandes
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho objetivou analisar os processos judiciais que solicitavam medicamentos ao Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, no período de 2013 a 2017, descrevendo suas características sociodemográficas, jurídicas e médico-sanitárias. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, cuja unidade de análise foi o processo judicial individual de solicitação de medicamentos, em que o estado é réu. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de consulta ao sítio eletrônico do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram analisados 987 processos em que a maioria dos autores é do sexo feminino (58,8%), com idade média de 48,3 anos e residentes no interior do estado (56,9%). Houve predomínio de assistência jurídica pública (52,8%) e origem da prescrição no setor privado (38,1%). Em 68% dos casos, houve acesso ao medicamento, sendo o autor responsável pela compra em 56,1% deles, via bloqueio de verbas públicas. As doenças crônicas predominaram, bem como a solicitação de medicamentos não disponibilizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram solicitados 1.517 medicamentos, dos quais 936 (61,7%) não estavam na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename). O medicamento mais solicitado foi a insulina glargina (74 pedidos). Dos 10 medicamentos com maior número de ações judiciais, 4 foram posteriormente incorporados ao SUS, com destaque para as insulinas análogas. Os resultados mostraram que a via judicial tem se consolidado como forma de acesso a medicamentos ainda não incorporados ao SUS, o que pode contribuir como forma de pressão para a incorporação. O bloqueio de verbas públicas para o cumprimento das decisões é preocupante para o gestor do SUS, pois compromete a execução das políticas de assistência farmacêutica programadas.
Desempenho dos municípios brasileiros quanto à oferta de serviços especializados em saúde bucal
Authors: Galvão Maria Helena Rodrigues , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se analisar em nível nacional os fatores associados à disponibilidade de serviços odontológicos especializados nos municípios brasileiros. É um estudo ecológico, com amostra de 776 municípios que participaram do 1º ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (PMAQ-CEO) realizado em 2014. As variáveis dependentes do estudo consistiram em um coeficiente criado com base nas variáveis de número de profissionais e carga horária semanal de cirurgiões-dentistas atuando nas especialidades mínimas por 10 mil habitantes. Realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória para a criação de um escore que mensura o desempenho dos municípios quanto à disponibilidade de serviços odontológicos especializados. A fim de avaliar os fatores associados ao desempenho dos municípios utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, tendo como variáveis independentes os seguintes indicadores municipais categorizados em tercis: renda per capita, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), população residente, despesa total com saúde por habitante e equipes de saúde bucal por 10 mil habitantes. O maior desempenho quanto à disponibilidade de serviços especializados em saúde bucal esteve associado a municípios com menor porte populacional (67,3%; IC: 61,6-73,0; p < 0,001), com menor IDH-M (41,9%; IC: 35,8-48,0; p < 0,001) e com menor renda per capita (41,2%; IC: 35,2-47,3; p < 0,001) e maior média de equipes de saúde bucal por 10 mil habitantes (50,6%; IC: 46,0-58,4; p < 0,001). Os resultados demonstram impactos positivos da implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal no país, como o cumprimento do objetivo de ampliação da oferta dos serviços de atenção secundária sob o princípio da equidade na assistência.
Desigualdade, situação geográfica e sentidos da ação na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Albuquerque Mariana Vercesi de , Ribeiro Luis Henrique Leandro
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Este Ensaio traz uma reflexão sobre como as desigualdades socioespaciais e as situações geográficas são condicionantes da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil, assim como das ações para o seu enfrentamento. A bibliografia de apoio fundamenta os argumentos. Compreende-se a desigualdade socioespacial como processo e condição estrutural de um território marcado por vulnerabilidades herdadas e atualizadas, resultante da relação de exploração, espoliação e opressão no atual período da globalização. Argumenta-se que a pandemia da COVID-19 pode ter repercussões mais graves em contextos de maior desigualdade socioespacial, com aprofundamento sistêmico e duradouro das crises econômica e social nos lugares. Contudo, as ações importam, incluindo as articulações entre diversos grupos, instituições e setores. A análise da situação geográfica contribui para a compreensão do território herdado e das diferentes experiências da COVID-19 indissociavelmente das condições e dos sentidos da ação frente à pandemia, em cada lugar. A situação expressa a tensão entre a liberdade e a condição para a ação. A crise não é apenas sanitária, é um dado do período atual, e a desigualdade se revela como a maior emergência do século XXI.
O patrocínio de empresas do setor de alimentação e bebidas no futebol brasileiro: um obstáculo para a promoção da alimentação saudável
Authors: Matos Juliana de Paula , Araújo Larissa Cardoso de Miranda , Horta Paula Martins
Published: January 2021

Resumo: O patrocínio de empresas de alimentos e bebidas ultraprocessados é uma prática de marketing comum no esporte, capaz de influenciar os consumidores, e que é desconhecida no Brasil. Nesse cenário, objetivou-se identificar o perfil do patrocínio de empresas do setor de alimentação e bebidas de clubes de futebol no Brasil e associar a ocorrência desse patrocínio a características dos clubes. A amostra contemplou as empresas desses setores patrocinadoras dos 20 clubes da Série A do Campeonato Brasileiro em 2018. As empresas de alimentos foram identificadas quanto ao perfil de seus produtos segundo a classificação NOVA, e foram obtidas informações a respeito do número de títulos na Copa Libertadores da América, no Campeonato Brasileiro e nos campeonatos estaduais; tempo de história; região do Brasil; número de torcedores e receitas de patrocínios/publicidade e de direito de transmissão na TV. Foram identificados 280 patrocinadores, com repetição de patrocinadores entre os clubes, dos quais, 11,5% eram do setor de alimentos, com destaque para os ultraprocessados (9,4%), sendo 6,7% de bebidas ultraprocessadas. O patrocínio pela categoria de ultraprocessados foi mais prevalente entre os clubes com maior número de títulos no Campeonato Brasileiro e na Copa Libertadores da América e entre aqueles com maior número de torcedores e volume de receitas de patrocínios/publicidade e por direito de transmissão de seus jogos na TV. Assim, evidenciou-se presença significativa de empresas de ultraprocessados como patrocinadores dos clubes de futebol, sobretudo entre os clubes com maior número de vitórias em campeonatos e popularidade, configurando-se como um obstáculo à promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável.
Health, childlessness and poverty in Latin American countries
Authors: Castro Ruben , Tapia Juan
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Recent literature proposes that poverty could lead women to remain childless, thus attenuating or reverting higher fertility typically observed among women of lower schooling level. We explore the role of health in this approach: does health have a distinctive detrimental effect on fertility among women of lower schooling levels? To that end, we compute the gap in the definite childlessness rate by self-reported disability status across schooling levels. Due to the scarcity of survey data from definite childless women, in addition to the small sample sizes, we use census samples. Focusing on women between 40-50 years old and using 23 census samples from Latin America countries (2000-2011), we found that only in the group with lower schooling level there is a clear gap in the definite childlessness rate by self-reported disability status. From our descriptive analysis we conclude that health could indeed play an influential role in the childless by poverty approach.
Reliability, Validity and Standardization of the Reading Test: Sentence Comprehension
Authors: Vilhena Douglas de Araújo , Pinheiro Ângela Maria Vieira
Published: January 2021

Abstract The test called ‘Reading Test: Sentence Comprehension (TELCS)’ has been validated and standardized. Participants (N = 1289, 2nd to 5th grade, 7 to 11-years-old) were stratified in 15 state-schools in Brazil. The TELCS demonstrated reliability and validity to classify reading performance by both school grade and chronological age. Correlations between the TELCS and a General Reading Composite score were high, as were those with reading accuracy rates of word and pseudoword. Cluster analysis suggested a five-class solution: reading disability, below, average, above, and high reading performance. For individual or collective use, TELCS can quickly screen the sentence reading ability, useful to identify those who might need additional support.
Participation of Children between Three and Five Years Old at Home and in the Community Setting
Authors: Guichard Sofia , Grande Catarina
Published: January 2021

Abstract The main goal of the present study was to document the participation of preschool children at home and in the community setting, describing the differences between eligible children with support of Special Education Service and/or of the Early Intervention System and noneligible children, in three main dimensions: child functioning, child participation and perceived environmental barriers. Data about child functioning was collected through preschool teachers and about participation and barriers through parents. Sociodemographic data was also collected. Forty preschool teachers and 116 children (and their parents) participated in this study. Forty-two children were eligible and had support from Special Education Service and/or of the Early Intervention System. The results showed that eligible children have lower levels of functionality, participate less frequently and are less involved in the activities at home and in the community setting and that their parents perceive more environmental barriers in both settings. The results were analysed considering the Biopsychosocial Model.
Adolescence and Femininity at the Play Spring Awakening
Authors: Silva Thais Limp , Marcos Cristina Moreira
Published: January 2021

Abstract This paper aims to raise the theoretical discussion about the vicissitudes in the process of teenage girls becoming women, from the psychoanalytical point, which says the puberty is a landmark on sexual development. Adolescence is approached as a sexuation process resulting from Oedipus. For the boys, the identification with the father is enough, while the girls need extra work. We are going to examine the proper impasses and the outputs to the femininity construction incented by Wendla and Ilse, adolescent characters from the play Spring Wakening by Frank Wedekind, in the face of the real drive.
Repercussions of Social Networks on Their Users’ Body Image: Integrative Review
Authors: Silva Ana Flávia de Sousa , Japur Camila Cremonezi , Penaforte Fernanda Rodrigues de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Abstract This integrative review of literature followed the PICO strategy to investigate the repercussions of the use of social networks on the body image of their users. PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO and SciELO databases were included as well as articles published between January 2006 and February 2019. Thirty-three articles were analyzed, which compose the corpus of this review. The studies revealed that social networks have a predominantly negative repercussion on the body self-image of their users, increasing levels of body dissatisfaction, also having a negative impact on mood and self-esteem. Added to this, social networks influenced the body type that users would like to have, translated by the lean body profile, considered a model of beauty.
Validity of the TAT in Brazil: Theoretical and Methodological Issues
Authors: Scaduto Alessandro Antonio , Barbieri Valeria , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: January 2021

Abstract Although the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is popular in Brazil, showing evidences of its validity remains a challenge. In the present article, we discuss such issue by analyzing the definition of the TAT as a projective method and a psychological test, its use by different theoretical traditions, relations between nomothetic and idiographic analysis levels, limitations of Classical Test Theory for evaluating the instrument’s properties, and challenges regarding research and practice with the instrument in Brazil. We advocate that overcoming a traditional view of projective techniques, using multidimensional methods and performing wider empirical studies on norms and validation evidences with multicenter databases may allow more secure and informed practices with the instrument among researchers and practitioners in the country.
Predictors of Job Crafting Behaviors: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Chinelato Renata Silva de Carvalho , Tavares Susana Maria de Oliveira e Mota , Ferreira Maria Cristina , Valentini Felipe
Published: January 2021

Abstract The study explored the relationship between psychological safety and job crafting behaviors, as well as the mediating role of the satisfaction of psychological needs in this relationship. The sample was composed of 1,171 Brazilian workers, who answered the Psychological Safety Scale, the Basic Needs Satisfaction General Scale and the Job Crafting Scale. The structural equations modeling showed that the perception of psychological safety contributed to the satisfaction of psychological needs which, in turn, affected the job crafting behaviors. It was concluded that the job crafting behaviors suffer from the influence of contextual work resources and motivational aspects, which contributes to the understanding of the effects of the new demands of work on organizational behavior.
Human Values as Predictors of Agroecological Beliefs
Authors: Fiamoncini Diane Ivanise , Pato Claudia Marcia Lyra
Published: January 2021

Abstract Agroecology is indicated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO as a solution to the realization of the human right to food. This study investigated the relationship between human values and beliefs about Agroecology. A survey was answered by students and researchers in the agricultural sciences (n=388). Two models were tested with path analysis. The results revealed that values of Self-Transcendence (0.24) and Openness to Change (0.21) were positive predictors of proagroecology beliefs. These findings point to the importance of activating these values in the training of professionals prepared for the challenge of working towards sustainable agro-food systems.
An analysis of the relationship between knowledge management and project performance: literature review and conceptual framework
Authors: Favoretto Camila , Carvalho Marly Monteiro de
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Knowledge management is a key resource for enabling projects and organizations to address the current challenges of competitive environment. This article aims to investigate the central themes of knowledge management in the project context, exploring the relationship between knowledge management and project performance. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out, adopting bibliometric analysis, codification and content analysis. The search and sampling process was conducted in the Web of Knowledge (Web of Science Core Collection) database. First, the results identified the main strategies to deal with tacit and explicit knowledge, which are experts’ knowledge acquisition and project documentation through coded forms, respectively. Both types of knowledge, tacit and explicit, are strongly related to two of the project success dimensions: GP efficiency, and success of the product/service. The literature pointed out that organizations recognize the importance of knowledge management but they still face many barriers to implement it in practice. The publications allowed verifying that the subjects are still little related, making it a challenging field for future studies.
Análise de viabilidade econômica financeira do uso de vinhaça para geração de eletricidade no Brasil
Authors: ARAUJO GERALDO JOSE FERRARESI DE , OLIVEIRA SONIA VALLE WALTER BORGES DE
Published: January 2021

Abstract In view of the growing importance of distributed generation, the pluralization of the energy matrix close to large consumption centers has become necessary. In this sense, the energy sector can contribute to electricity generation using waste products such as vinasse, the most relevant in terms of volume and polluting capacity. The general objective of this article is to analyze the economic feasibility of using vinasse for electricity generation, and as a specific objective, to identify the viable price range of MWh in free and regulated energy environments and the productive capacity of plants for this type of investment. The methodology used was quantitative research, based on the cost structure of a biodigester IC internal combustion engine with 38% yield and vinasse logistics according to the production capacity of autonomous plants of 100 m3, 1,000 m3, and 3,000 m3ethanol/day for scenarios with and without tax exemptions for a price range between US$ 26.04 and US$ 130.20/MWh. The analysis shows that the use of vinasse for electricity generation is restricted to medium and large producers. Furthermore, the price of MWh is more relevant than the tax exemption for the feasibility of this type of project. This corroborates the constant requests from the sugar-energy sector to hold exclusive electricity auctions for biomass, given its cost structure and its social, economic, and environmental externalities.
Analysis of financial and economic feasibility of the use of vinasse for electricity generation in Brazil
Authors: ARAUJO GERALDO JOSE FERRARESI DE , OLIVEIRA SONIA VALLE WALTER BORGES DE
Published: January 2021

Abstract In view of the growing importance of distributed generation, the pluralization of the energy matrix close to large consumption centers has become necessary. In this sense, the energy sector can contribute to electricity generation using waste products such as vinasse, the most relevant in terms of volume and polluting capacity. The general objective of this article is to analyze the economic feasibility of using vinasse for electricity generation, and as a specific objective, to identify the viable price range of MWh in free and regulated energy environments and the productive capacity of plants for this type of investment. The methodology used was quantitative research, based on the cost structure of a biodigester IC internal combustion engine with 38% yield and vinasse logistics according to the production capacity of autonomous plants of 100 m3, 1,000 m3, and 3,000 m3ethanol/day for scenarios with and without tax exemptions for a price range between US$ 26.04 and US$ 130.20/MWh. The analysis shows that the use of vinasse for electricity generation is restricted to medium and large producers. Furthermore, the price of MWh is more relevant than the tax exemption for the feasibility of this type of project. This corroborates the constant requests from the sugar-energy sector to hold exclusive electricity auctions for biomass, given its cost structure and its social, economic, and environmental externalities.