bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic pricing‐based integration for non‐cooperative ubiquitous sensing and communication network
Authors: Ren Chao , Dai Weiheng , Gong Chao , Li Haojin , Sun Chen , Lu Yang
Published: October 2024

As 5G and early‐stage network technologies mature, a wealth of data and experience is accumulated. The ubiquitous sensing and communication network (USCN) can leverage these existing communication infrastructures to maximize resource utilization and reduce the costs of redeployment through integration with modern 6G and beyond 6G networks. However, implementing future integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) functions in USCN may possess different hardware capabilities and communication protocols, presenting significant challenges. This is due to the lack of a unified framework for managing and optimizing these heterogeneous resources, as well as the absence of reasonable performance metrics. This letter proposes a dynamic pricing coordinated resource allocation (DPCRA) mechanism to realize the emerging ISAC in legacy USCNs. The DPCRA is designed to optimize the spectrum efficiency (SE) of USCN and manages resource interactions between heterogeneous devices through price variables, thereby resolving resource conflicts and deadlocks. The novelties include: (1) employing a price mechanism to foster resource cooperation in non‐cooperative networks; (2) introducing an SE metric incorporating an information similarity factor for optimization; (3) dynamically selecting resources to enhance SE. Simulations demonstrate that the DPCRA effectively resolves device deadlock while maintaining high SE levels, promoting device collaboration.
Enhancing distribution system stability and efficiency through multi‐power supply startup optimization for new energy integration
Authors: Meng Qinglin , Tong Xinyu , Hussain Sheharyar , Luo Fengzhang , Zhou Fei , He Ying , Liu Lei , Sun Bing , Li Botong
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of maximizing power capture from new energy sources, including coal, wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, which often lack sufficient inertia support. This deficiency can lead to frequency instability and cascading failures within the power system. A cooperative optimization model for the start‐up of multiple power supplies, designed to enhance the integration of new energy sources while maintaining system stability is proposed. The model incorporates primary frequency modulation and the intrinsic inertia support capabilities of self‐synchronous voltage source field stations, considering dynamic frequency constraints. Additionally, it employs new energy units with primary frequency modulation to provide inertia support during curtailment, particularly when conventional units cannot meet frequency standards due to existing constraints. Extensive simulations and comparative analyses demonstrate that the proposed model improves new energy utilization by up to 37.5% and reduces operational costs by approximately 16%, enhancing overall operational efficiency in high energy consumption scenarios.
A modified synchronverter for a weak grid with virtual power circles‐based PQ decoupling scheme
Authors: Kisinga Daniel Angelo , Makolo Peter , Trodden Paul
Published: October 2024

The high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) results in a low‐inertia, weak power grid. To mitigate this and restore system inertia, it has been widely proposed to operate the inverters of RES units to mimic synchronous generators; this technology is known as a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). In weak grids there is, however, strong coupling between active power () and reactive power (), and any VSG technique therefore requires decoupling in order to operate effectively. This article proposes a new decoupling technique based on the transformation of the power circle of a VSG connected to a weak grid: first, the power circle is translated from its designed position to that of a conventional synchronous generator (SG) connected to a strong grid, achieving partial decoupling. Then, to achieve full decoupling, the authors propose further to modulate the radius of the translated power circle; this is achieved using a series resistance‐capacitance–inductance () circuit which is virtually implemented in the VSG controller. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is validated using a modified synchronverter connected to the weak grid in representative loading scenarios. It is demonstrated that the technique achieves a decoupled control for the synchronverter connected in a weak grid. Moreover, the modified synchronverter is capable of supporting frequency and voltage regulation in the grid without inducing large transient grid currents during mild frequency and voltage variations.
Extraction of Cellulose from Corn Tassel Using Alkaline Pretreatment and Bleaching Process
Authors: Chik Jia Ying , Wan-Ibrahim Wan Suriyani Faliq Adeeba , Mohamed Tamat Nur Sakinah
Published: October 2024

This study explores the extraction of cellulose from corn tassels using an alkaline pretreatment followed by a bleaching process, aiming to address the challenge of non-biodegradable microbead production. The process involved the delignification of corn tassels using a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, followed by bleaching with a combination of NaOH and acetic acid. The cellulose was then characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results showed that the alkaline treatment effectively removed hemicellulose, lignin, and other impurities, enhancing the cellulose content and altering its structural and thermal properties. The extracted cellulose exhibited a crystallinity index of 44.97%, with a higher amorphous content of 55.03%, indicating the presence of disordered materials. TGA analysis revealed that the cellulose underwent two-step thermal decomposition, with a primary stage between 46.75°C and 349.02°C, and a secondary phase from 396.82°C to 697.43°C. The study demonstrates that corn tassels, often regarded as agricultural waste, can be effectively utilized to extract cellulose, offering a sustainable alternative for applications requiring biodegradable materials.
The Ongoing Battle: Understanding the Population Trends of Green Turtles in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Boulven Mohd-Ridwan , Ramli Nor Ika Shahirah , Hassan Ruhana , Joseph Juanita , Rahim Nur Fazliana , Rusli Mohd Uzair
Published: October 2024

Sea turtles are crucial marine animals. They act as indicator to a healthy marine ecosystem. However, they are subjected to different challenges and threats which results of their declining population. This study looks at the population trends of sea turtles in Malaysia by examining the numbers of nests, eggs, and hatchlings in six states in Peninsular Malaysia which are Perak, Pahang, Melaka, Johor, Terengganu, and Negeri Sembilan. Statistical distribution, hatching success percentage, trend landing and hatching, and linear regression analysis are implemented. The results show that Terengganu, on the east coast, consistently has the highest numbers of nests, eggs, and hatchlings, highlighting its key role in sea turtle conservation. In contrast, Melaka has the lowest numbers, pointing where conservation efforts could be increased. This study provides valuable insights into the differences in green turtle populations across states and identifies critical areas for focused conservation strategies to better protect and help these endangered species recover in Malaysia.
Antimicrobial soap development from leaf extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus
Authors: Abdul Rahman Kharul Azmi Mu’azzam , Ahmad Nurul Izzati , Mukhtar Nurul Karimah , Zarkasi Kamarul Zaman
Published: October 2024

Bacterial skin infections are most prevalent in humans. These skin infections can be easily prevented by the topical application of herbal soaps produced from the medicinal plants. Medicinal plants contain natural bioactive compounds with a variety of biological potential that can be used to incorporate into a basic soap formulation. This study aims to prepare the antibacterial soap using leaf extract of local medicinal plant, Rhinachantus nasutus. The leaf extract was prepared by maceration extraction using methanol as solvent. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf extract and herbal soap were evaluated using the disc diffusion assay against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The thump impression test was employed to test the effectiveness of the soap as antibacterial and antifungal soap. The results obtained from the current study revealed that the leaf extract of R. nasutus efficiently inhibited the growth of all test microorganisms at a concentration of 25 mg/mL with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 1.0 ± 0.1 mm to 2.5 ±0.1 mm, whereas a prepared soap with a similar concentration also inhibited all test microorganisms with an inhibition zone ranging from 0.7±0.1 mm to 1.3±0.1 mm. A thumb impression test result indicated a reduction in microbial development when using herbal soap. Leaf extracts of
R.nasutus can be used to produce herbal soaps with remarkable antibacterial activity.
Increasing Local Economic Via Developing Tourism Trail at Sungai Budor Village, Kelantan
Authors: Hasan Ramly , Che Zahari Mohd Ruzaini , Awang Ayub , Ramlee Noorliyana , Saadul Kurzi Nurfadilah , Abdul Hamid Nor Hamizah , Lee Bak Yeo
Published: October 2024

Developing a tourism trail can significantly boost the local economy by leveraging the village’s unique cultural, historical, and natural assets to attract visitors. Purpose of heritage trails is the economic development at Sungai Budor Village, Kota Bharu Kelantan. Some issues was found such as lack of proper heritage trail to promote the local products and lack of promotion about the existence cultural heritage. The main goal of research is to promote traditional village following the trail. The aim can be achieved through the following objectives (i) to examine the cultural heritage in Kampung Budor as tourist attraction and (ii) to develop informative QR Code for heritage trail. Mix method is use in this research such as in depth interview, observation and survey using questionnaires. The data was analyse using Atlas Ti. Version 7 and SPSS version 21 software. The result produce a set of QR Code for heritage trail in Kampung Sungai Budor. Community can used their own smartphones to scan the QR Code to explore the trail. The development of a tourism trail at Sungai Budor Village presents a holistic approach to sustainable economic growth, transforming the village into a vibrant and thriving tourist destination.
Enhancing Malaysian NGO Effectiveness: Intergrating Corporate Governance with Organizational and Economic Sustainability
Authors: Nadzmy Fadzlyn , Isa Filzah Md. , Nik Muhammad Nik Maheran
Published: October 2024

Effective corporate governance is fundamental, providing the strategic oversight and accountability required for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to function transparently and ethically. This paper explores the critical interplay between corporate governance, organizational sustainability and economic viability in improving the effectiveness of NGOs, particularly in the elderly care sector. A qualitative interpretive research methodology was adopted, involving in-depth interviews with the top management of 10 Malaysian elderly care centres of NGOs operating in Klang Valley area. The findings revealed the majority of NGOs perceived corporate governance as a necessary pillar for sustainable NGOs. By identifying how robust governance frameworks influence organizational practices and economic sustainability, this study demonstrates the synergistic relationship that allows NGOs to establish long-term social impact. Therefore, a recommendation plan has been proposed. A comprehensive model that incorporated corporate governance and organizational sustainability has developed and comprising all the factors that are relevant for elderly care centres of Malaysian NGOs. The findings of the study suggest that integrating these elements not only improves organizational resilience but also build donor trust and community support, resulting to more effective and sustainable NGOs operations. This study will benefit the board of NGOs and policymakers to strengthen governance system in Malaysia.
Scenario Seismic Hazard Analysis of the Mataram “Fault”: An Initial Study of Geophysical Approach
Authors: Yuanita Andikasari Lian , Jaya Syahbana Arifan , Damayanti Cahya , Tri Atmojo Hasan , Zalbuin Mase Lindung , Faris Fikri
Published: October 2024

Indonesia, as a country in the Ring of Fire, has negative impacts in terms of tectonic and volcanic hazards. As an example of an area frequently hit by earthquakes, One of the area in the country frequently hit by earthquakes is the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Based on the latest studies, a new source has been discovered, which is the east-west trending “fault” called the Mataram or Tambakboyo “Fault”. This “fault” is still in the initial phase of research. This study aims to provide additional information on the Mataram “Fault” from a geophysical point of view, namely by using the gravimetric method. This method provides an understanding of the existence of a fault, namely the indication of a clear contrast difference (order of km) so that the geometry of the Mataram “fault” can be obtained. This parameter will be used in earthquake hazard modeling by using OpenQuake software. It is hoped that with this research, the geometric characteristics of the Mataram “Fault” and the earthquake hazard can be obtained.
Numerical Simulation as Laboratory Liquefaction Test Comparison for Geological Hazard Countermeasure: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jaya Syahbana Arifan , Yelvi Yelvi , Tohari Adrin , Wahid Santoso Prastika
Published: October 2024

Liquefaction is a secondary hazard due to earthquakes, which is one of the geological hazards. The impairment caused can damage infrastructure on a wide scale and even cause casualties. Several phenomenal liquefaction events have been recorded throughout the world, and one of the most phenomenal is the flow liquefaction incident in Palu, Sulawesi, Indonesia, in 2018. Research on liquefaction is still ongoing today. In this study, numerical simulations will be carried out as a comparison for laboratory liquefaction tests, which aim to understand the flow liquefaction mechanism better. Laboratory modeling is presented carefully in numerical modeling, namely by creating three (3) variations in sand density layers in a box with dimensions of 120 cm x 60 cm x 40 cm. The simulation uses the assumption that the soil is perfectly saturated by placing the groundwater level at an elevation of 0 cm. The acceleration applied to the box is varied in the range of 0.3 – 0.6g. Simulation shows that deformation increases with the bigger magnitude and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), while the duration is not too sensitive to the results. On the other hand, the area liquefied is affected by the duration, magnitude, and PGA value.
Geology and Landslide Susceptibility Using GIS at Kampung Belahat, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Robin Muhammad Farhan Aqil , Muhammad Jamil Rohazaini , Sulaiman Nursufiah , Udin Wani Sofia , Shafiee Nor Shahida , Sulaiman Fazrul Razman
Published: October 2024

The geological study of Kampung Belahat in Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia, which is located close to the Thai border in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia, is the main subject of this research. The Jeli district, which spans an area of roughly 2,552 square kilometers, has three different geomorphological types: low, hills, and mountainous. Kampung Belahat is surrounded by a mix of flat, hilly, and mountainous terrain due to the area’s height range of 80m to 900m. The goal of the study is to update Kampung Belahat’s geological map, with a particular emphasis on geomorphology, lithology, and structural geology and to determine the landslide susceptibility of study area. Comprehensive geological data was gathered by laboratory work, sampling, and traversing during the geological mapping process. The area’s lithology consists of high-grade metamorphic rock types and intrusive igneous rock, with granite and gneiss being the main rock types. The granite rock shows signs of metamorphic processes, including 33% biotite, 46% quartz, 11% alkali feldspar, and 10% plagioclase. Gneiss rock, on the other hand, has flattened minerals as a result of metamorphism; it contains 13% alkali feldspar, 35% quartz, and 52% biotite. Granite was the primary geological structure observed, combined with visible quartz veins and joint and fault structures. The study took into account five factors: aspect, drainage density, lithology, slope, and land use. The Weightage Overlay Method (WOM) was used to process the data. The study area is categorized into three risk levels on the resulting landslide susceptibility map: low (5%), moderate (30%), and high (65%). This knowledge is essential for putting safety precautions in place, reducing potential harm during future development in the area, and reducing the likelihood of landslides.
HPC & AI: The challenges and issues related to exascale for numerical modelling and simulation
Authors: Calvin Christophe
Published: October 2024

High-performance digital technology has entered a new era in recent years with the arrival of exascale. Anticipated by experts for more than ten years, exascale is supposed to respond to increasingly varied uses that go far beyond traditional numerical simulation. Data processing and AI are shaking up the HPC landscape and have implications at all levels, from hardware to software, at the scale of applications and at the scale of supercomputers, which are losing their central role in the data-processing chain. In this talk, we will present the current and future supercomputing landscape and we will illustrate with a few examples from different scientific domains (climate, health, energy, …) the issues related to exascale.
Modeling and Simulation Issues at EDF enabling Energy Challenges
Authors: Baudry Cyril
Published: October 2024

After a short introduction of EDF group and R&D involvement in energy issues, we will present High Performance Computing facilities and some use cases of computing resources to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow. We will then look at how new technologies and game changers are integrated into an industrial workflow. We will address the subjects of digital sobriety of simulations, LLM impact, cloud computing and quantum computing.
Representation of few-group homogenized cross section by multi-variate polynomial regression
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Quoc Dang , Masiello Emiliano
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a representation of few-group homogenized cross section by multi-variate polynomial regression is presented. The method is applied on the few-group assembly homogenized cross sections of the assembly 22UA from the benchmark X2VVER[1], generated by the lattice transport code APOLLO3®[2], and conducted over a Cartesian grid of parametric state-points. The regression model [3, 4] allow to input a significantly larger number of points for training compared to the number of monomials, thus yielding higher accuracy than polynomial interpolation without being affected by the choice of points in the training set. Additionally, it can reduce data preparation time because the size of the training set can be smaller than the number of points in the complete Cartesian grid, while still providing a good approximation. Furthermore, its evaluation algorithm can be adapted for GPU utilization, similar to polynomial interpolation with the Newton method [5].
Parallel optimization approaches for scattering source term and angle merging in MOC high-order anisotropic computation on GPUs
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Zou Hang , Zhang Qian , Cao Wei
Published: October 2024

The introduction of high-order anisotropic scattering and thousand-group calculations significantly increases the computational workload of the MOC method, posing difficulties for practical parallel computation on GPUs. In this paper, a GPU-based MOC algorithm is optimized, focusing on the performance optimization of the kernel function that merges high-order anisotropic angular flux density into scalar flux density moments, as well as the optimization of the scattering source term calculation method in thousand-group calculations. Two parallel algorithms based on azimuthal and polar angles are proposed for high-order anisotropic scattering. For the thousand-group calculation, a data structure is designed according to the physical characteristics of the anisotropic scattering matrix, and then two optimization algorithms are proposed from the perspectives of memory access and parallelism. Based on the KAIST-3A reference problem, the parallel expansion of the polar angle in the merging calculation is more advantageous. Based on the KAIST-3A reference problem, the parallel expansion of the polar angle in the merging calculation is found to be more advantageous. Based on a self-designed fast reactor fuel lattice, it is concluded that the parallelism-oriented calculation method for the thousand-group anisotropic scattering source term is more efficient. Finally, the Roofline model is used to analyze the advantages of the algorithm.
Acceleration of an improved linear scheme for the neutron transport
Authors: François-Élie Kacim , Santandrea Simone
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an accelerated version of an improved linear method of characteristics scheme that preserves first order spatial moments of the flux. This scheme has slow convergence rate and this is why an acceleration method has been investigated. This acceleration is obtained by using the double PN (DPN) method described in previous studies and used in other codes developed by the APOLLO3® team. While the improved linear MoC has a high memory cost and is difficult to implement, the DPN acceleration is shown to save a significant amount of time on a benchmark problem, even at the zeroth order treated in this paper.
Nucleate boiling within a fuel assembly affected by CRUD
Authors: Mokos Athanasios , Sato Yohei , Niceno Bojan , Churakov Sergey V. , Prasianakis Nikolaos I.
Published: October 2024

Power output of nuclear reactor and heat exchange between fuel assembly and the coolant can be severely affected by the presence of CRUD on the cladding of the fuel assembly. To understand the flow and nucleation boiling processes in the presence of CRUD, a Lattice Boltzmann model for the thermal 3D multiphase flow was developed and implemented in a high-performance multi-GPU-parallel code. The model is applied to procedurally generated CRUD-like structures and the emergence of bubbles due to superheat is investigated. The simulations predict a shorter evaporation time within chimney-like structures as well as the emergence of bubbles at the top layer of the CRUD.
Direct Sampling of Monte Carlo Flight Paths in Tetrahedral Meshes with Linear Finite-Element Cross Sections
Authors: Vaquer Pablo , Rising Michael , Kulesza Joel , Weaver Colin
Published: October 2024

This paper describes how to directly sample Monte Carlo flight paths to simulate particle transport in media with continuously varying cross sections without using iterative methods. Specifically, this approach supports linear finite-element cross sections in Monte Carlo particle transport codes with tetrahedral meshes. Two analytical test problems are used to verify the method.
Adaptive Memory Saving Strategy in Shielding Calculation of RMC
Authors: Hu Yingzhe , Huang Shanfang , Li Zeguang , Liu Zhaoyuan , Wang Kan , Ma Tao
Published: October 2024

RMC(Reactor Monte Carlo) is a Monte Carlo simulation software used in reactor design and has been verified by different benchmarks. The former data structure and algorithm have been optimized for criticality and burn-up calculation making it inconvenient to be implemented into shielding simulation and variance reduction. In order to expand its availability in shielding calculation, several optimizations have been made in RMC code design to elevate efficiency in variance reduction. Considering parallel computation has been implemented in Monte Carlo simulation for long time, in this paper we proposed an adaptive memory saving strategy specifically designed for boosting parallel variance reduction calculation in RMC. We further found that this strategy can be very effective in certain condition without sacrificing any calculation performance.
Thermal behavior analysis of monolayer and bulk UAI3 at room temperature
Authors: Kong Eui-Hyun , So Byoungjin , Tahk Young-Wook
Published: October 2024

UAl3 has been widely used as a target material for the production of 99Mo. To safely produce radioactive isotopes from UAl3, it is crucial to understand and predict the thermal behavior of UAl3. Directly measuring the thermal properties of UAl3 due to the radiation generated in nuclear fuel material is challenging. As an alternative, using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulator LAMMPS, the thermal conductivities of monolayer and bulk UAl3 are predicted. In this study, it is primarily observed that the absence of the third-order anharmonic constant along the z-axis contributes to a higher thermal conductivity of monolayer UAl3 compared to bulk UAl3. Furthermore, the calculated thermal conductivity of bulk UAl3 falls within the range of the measured values in the literature.
Stress, strain, neutron transport and radiation effects in a full fusion tokamak device: A virtual MAST-U study
Authors: Reali Luca , Ellis William M.E. , Gray Ander , Boleininger Max , Davis Andrew , Brooks Helen M. , Katramados Ioannis , Thornton Andrew J. , Buchanan James , Dudarev Sergei L.
Published: October 2024

A finite-element method (FEM) model for the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak - Upgrade (MAST-U) fusion tokamak has been developed to evaluate stress and deformations in the full device structure and to assess the stability of the whole tokamak with respect to its simulated exposure to an artificial level of neutron irradiation. Here, we use MAST-U as a proxy for a fusion power plant to explore the level of fidelity made possible by modern supercomputing systems. Gravity and atmospheric pressure were used to test the high-resolution FEM model, involving in excess of 122 million elements. Taking the MASTU fusion plasma as a neutron source, we perform full-scale neutron transport calculations to quantify spatial variations in the neutron flux and assess the neutron radiation exposure across the structure. This is a first step towards applying recently developed multiscale computational tools to evaluate the spectrum of stress in the tokamak, identifying the location of stress concentrations as well as their magnitude. This study provides an example of full fusion device neutronics and FEM simulations which are enabling UKAEA to define computational requirements for modelling a whole fusion power plant as well as for specifying operating conditions for the relevant materials.
HPC atomic simulations of defect formation and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of material ageing
Authors: Domain Christophe , Ambard Antoine , Adjanor Gilles , De Backer Andrée , Thuinet Ludovic , Becquart Charlotte S. , Legris Alexandre
Published: October 2024

Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations are developed to simulate microstructure evolution under irradiation of structural materials of nuclear power plants. Methods based on rigid lattice atomic KMC and object KMC, despite some approximations, present the advantage to reach significant time, hence irradiation doses. The physical inputs such as the primary damage and defect cluster properties are the results of intensive atomic simulation on high performance computers. Here, atomic KMC is applied to model microstructure evolution of reactor pressure vessel steels and object KMC is applied to zirconium cladding materials.
Benchmarking of probability tables with TRIPOLI-5®
Authors: Montecchio Cecilia , Larmier Coline , Mancusi Davide , Zoia Andrea
Published: October 2024

In this work we present the verification of the unresolved resonance range treatment implementation in the Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-5®, which relies on probability tables. For this purpose, we perform extensive code-to-code comparisons with respect to TRIPOLI-4® and OpenMC using two probability tables models (PURR and CALENDF), on a set of benchmark configurations. These tests allow on one hand verifying TRIPOLI-5® and on the other hand analyzing a number of discrepancies related both to the use of different probability tables models and more generally to the handling of nuclear data in the Monte Carlo codes.
GALILÉE-1: Verification and processing system for Evaluated Data
Authors: Coste-Delclaux Mireille , Jouanne Cédric , Mounier Claude
Published: October 2024

This paper gives an overview of the processing methods available for now in GALILÉE-1 [1], the verification and processing system for evaluated data, developed at CEA. This paper shows also results illustrating the main processing steps.

GALILÉE-1 consists of various components respectively dedicated to read/write the evaluated data independently of the format, to diagnose inconsistencies in the evaluated data and to provide continuous-energy and multigroup data as well as probability tables for particle transport and depletion codes. All these components are written in C++ language and share the same objects.
The road to a modernized NJOY
Authors: Haeck Wim , Gibson Nathan , Talou Patrick , Josey Colin
Published: October 2024

The modernized version of the NJOY Nuclear Data Processing System is being built from a series of components that enable the traditional work required of the production version of NJOY while also providing a much more interactive user experience through a modern interface. This new version of NJOY is being developed in C++. Python bindings on top of the C++ interface are provided as well. Standard Python packages such as Matplotlib, NumPy or SciPy can thus be seamlessly integrated with NJOY components. We distinguish two component types: format components such as ENDFtk and ACEtk that read and write formatted nuclear data and processing components such as scion which provides many of the common operations needed during processing of nuclear data. The backbone of the modernized NJOY is dryad which provides a format agnostic nuclear data interface that insulates the modernized processing components and modules from the various data formats that NJOY needs to serve.
Memory-preserving Chord Length Sampling in three-dimensional spatially heterogeneous Markov media: Preliminary investigations
Authors: Tentori Alessandro , Larmier Coline , Durand Johan , Cochet Bertrand , Zoia Andrea
Published: October 2024

We report on an investigation of particle transport in spatially heterogeneous Markov media using a memory-preserving Chord Length Sampling (CLS) algorithm. CLS are a family of Monte Carlo methods capable of generating approximate solutions of the transport equations in random geometries by generating material interfaces on-the-fly during particle propagation. Since CLS does not preserve the correlations induced by spatial disorder, the sampled solutions generally present discrepancies with respect to the reference solution obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation in a large ensemble of random media realizations. In order to increase the accuracy of CLS, improved CLS models endowed with spatial memory effects have been proposed. In this work we propose a strategy that allows simultaneously taking into account memory effects and spatial gradients in three-dimensional configurations. Preliminary numerical findings are illustrated and compared to reference solutions.
Development of sensitivity calculation capability of Legendre moments of scattering angular distributions in NECP-MCX
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Cao Liangzhi , He Qingming , Wu Hongchun
Published: October 2024

The capability of sensitivity coefficients calculation of keff and reaction rate ratios to Legendre moment of scattering angular distributions based on a fully continuous method has been developed in the Monte Caro code NECP-MCX. The sensitivity calculation was based on Iterated Fission Probability (IFP) and Contributon-Linked eigenvalue sensitivity/Uncertainty estimation via Track-length importance Characterization (CLUTCH) method for k-eigenvalue sensitivity analysis and Generalized Adjoint Responses in Monte Carlo (GEAR-MC) method for generalized sensitivity analysis. The Jezebel and Flattop problems are analyzed and the sensitivity results calculated by NECP-MCX are compared with those by Serpent and ERANOS to demonstrate the accuracy of NECPMCX. In addition, the CLUTCH-FC (CLUTCH coupled with forced collisions) method is implemented to reduce the variance of sensitivity coefficients of Legendre moment of scattering angular distributions with relatively small scattering cross sections. The numerical results indicate that 1) the sensitivity coefficients calculated by NECP-MCX agree well with those by Serpent and ERANOS, and 2) the CLUTCH-FC method is efficient in reducing the variance of sensitivity coefficients of Legendre moment of scattering angular distributions with relatively small scattering cross sections. The Figure of Merit (FOM) values of sensitivity coefficients calculated by the CLUTCH-FC method have increased by 1.9~306.0 times for Jezebel and Flattop problems compared to those calculated by the CLUTCH method.
Neutronic evaluation of initial NuScale-like core loaded with reprocessed fuel
Authors: Carvalho Keferson , Barros Graiciany , Araújo Matheus , Santos Andre , Augusto Tiago
Published: October 2024

The present study evaluates the potential insertion of reprocessed fuel in a NuScale-like core. The main idea consists of assessing the beginning of life (BOL) safety parameters of the core loaded with reprocessed fuel and comparing them to the reference case using conventional uranium-based fuel. Two different reprocessed fuels were studied: one of them reprocessed using the GANEX process, while the other one used the UREX+ process. Overall, the cases in which the core was simulated with reprocessed fuel achieved better results than conventional UO2 for fuel temperature coefficient and normalized peak factor. Furthermore, the usage of reprocessed fuel could also reduce the dependence on chemical control for reactivity, which is a desired condition in the event of borated water unavailability. The Serpent code version 2.1.32 developed by VTT was used to perform the simulations.
Benchmarking of the SPERT-III E-core experiment with the Monte Carlo codes TRIPOLI-4®, TRIPOLI-5® and OpenMC
Authors: Dervaux Antoine , Kinast Shai , Lemaire Matthieu , Di Blasi Vincenzo , Larmier Coline , Mancusi Davide , Zoia Andrea
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a code-to-code verification of the SPERT-III reactor in its E-core configuration using the Monte Carlo codes TRIPOLI-4®, TRIPOLI-5® and OpenMC. A SPERT-III E-core model was originally developed for the Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-4® and will be the baseline of our analysis The simulation results obtained for the main reactor physics parameters (neutron effective multiplication factor, rod worth, reactivity coefficients and kinetics parameters) with TRIPOLI-4®and OpenMC using different nuclear data libraries are compared and analyzed. Additional verifications are carried out with the next-generation Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-5®, which is currently under development by CEA and IRSN (France). This paper summarizes a joint study that was conducted within an international research collaboration between CEA Paris-Saclay (France) and the Nuclear Research Center Negev (NRCN, Israel), and is a stepping stone towards future multi-physics simulations exploring the SPERT-III reactor power excursions, including thermal-hydraulics feedback.
Simulation of the DD, TT and DT JET Neutron Streaming Experiments with TRIPOLI-4® Monte-Carlo code
Authors: Pontier Jean-Baptiste , Cufe Johan , Moulignier Thibault ,   JET Contributors
Published: October 2024

The DD, TT and DT neutron streaming experiments (NEXP-STRE) in the fusion facility JET are here simulated with TRIPOLI-4® Monte-Carlo code. Specifically, we present the results from the simulation of the DD (2019) and the later TT and DT (2021) campaigns. The last version of TRIPOLI-4® code, developed by CEA, is provided with an innovative variance reduction technique based on the adaptive multi-level splitting (AMS) methodology for particle transport which ensures reliable results in very detailed, complex and vast geometry. Furthermore, a specific tool, developed by CEA, is used to automatically convert MCNP geometry into TRIPOLI-4® geometry format, which allows to perform fast and reliable comparisons between the results obtained by the mean of both calculation tools. The JET 360° MCNP model is used as a basis for creating the TRIPOLI-4® geometry. The neutron flux and doses in thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and reaction rates in activation foil (AF) detectors are computed for various positions in the experimental hall. A comparison of our results with the experimental values (2019 DD - 2021 TT campaigns) and the MCNP computed values (all campaigns) is presented. The AMS results crucial for obtaining statistically reliable quantities with TRIPOLI-4® code.
Quantum Circuit Learning for Uncertainty Quantification of RELAP5 Code Analysis of ROSA/LSTF Small Break LOCA Tests
Authors: Kinoshita Ikuo
Published: October 2024

To reduce the computational demand in the best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) analysis, an accurate and inexpensive machine learning model is expected to be used to replace the high-fidelity RELAP5 code for rapid determination of the uncertainties on the figure of merit of interest. One of the problems associated with the application of a machine learning is overlearning. Quantum circuit learning is the quantum analogue of classical deep learning, which is expected to be less prone to overlearning because the optimized parameters are bound by unitary transformations in the quantum circuit. In this paper, quantum circuit learning is applied to the BEPU analysis of the fuel peak cladding temperature (PCT) for a small-break LOCA scenario in PWRs. The parameterized quantum circuit is trained using a small number of the RELAP5 analysis results and the prediction accuracy of the 95th percentile value of the PCTs is investigated. By optimizing the multipliers of the measured basis, the 95th percentile value of the PCTs predicted by the quantum circuit learning resulted in better accuracy and smaller variability than order statistics and linear quadratic regressions.
Coil-shaped Optical Fiber Sensor for Compression Measurements
Authors: Romeiro Amanda F. , Cardoso Victor H.R. , de Souza Marcos F.C. , Caldas Paulo , Giraldi M. Thereza R. , Frazão Orlando , Santos José L. , Costa João C.W.A.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of a coil-shaped optical fiber interferometric sensor, with a diameter of 13 mm, for measuring compression. The sensor’s design utilizes the principles of interferometry to create a pattern that changes with applied pressure. This configuration significantly amplifies the sensor’s sensitivity to compression due to the extended optical path length within the compact form factor. The experimental results demonstrated that even small compressive forces caused detectable alterations in the interference pattern, allowing for precise quantification of pressure changes. The 13 mm diameter proved to be particularly advantageous, providing a balance between sensitivity and practical integration into various systems, from structural health monitoring to biomedical devices. This study also highlights the sensor’s robustness against electromagnetic interference and environmental variations, attributing this to the intrinsic properties of optical fiber. Overall, the findings suggest that coil-shaped optical fiber interferometric sensors are highly effective for accurate and reliable compression sensing, with potential for broad application across multiple industries.
Use of laser technology for the postural classification of bedridden people
Authors: Canzobre David S. , Torrado Pablo Pardiñas , Vigo Javier Lamas , Rego Alberto Ramil
Published: October 2024

This work presents an innovative method for the automated classification of postures of bedridden people using laser technology. With the aim of improving the quality of medical care and facilitating the continuous monitoring of patients in clinical and home environments, a system is proposed that uses laser sensors to capture the three-dimensional geometry of body postures. Through advanced computer vision processing techniques, a robust classification algorithm is developed capable of identifying and categorizing lateral decubitus postures, also known as lateral safety position, which are commonly used to lay down patients who are permanently bedridden. Experimental results, performed so far, show sufficient accuracy in posture classification, suggesting the potential of this technology to improve the monitoring and care of bedridden patients, while providing periodic warnings to medical staff when a patient has exceeded the recommended time in the same posture, to avoid the appearance of skin ulcers.
Emulation and Testbed Prototyping of Laser Beam Propagation Characteristics through Atmospheric Turbulence for Optical Satellite Feeder Links
Authors: Al-Juboori Haider M.
Published: October 2024

Two classical scenarios in space communications can be examined to evaluate the link performance of free space optical communications (FSO). These scenarios include the downlink and uplink between earth ground stations and near earth geostationary (GEO) satellites, as well as between the earth and spacecraft that are located a significant distance from the earth (i.e., one or more astronomical units (AU) away). Deep space is often defined as being more than 0.01 AU, or around 1,500,000 km, from Earth. In the first part of this analytical research, various practical system characteristics for optical lasers, telescopes, transmitters, receivers, and atmospheric disturbances, including absorption and scintillation, are taken into consideration. The simulation outcomes were compared to significant experimental data from DLR & JAXA’s OICETS/Kirari-Japan to validate the extended simulation model. Additionally, this work will propose a synthetic effects-based optical turbulence generator in order to deeply investigate atmospheric turbulence disturbances in free-space optical communication systems and support the advancement of artificial intelligence processing-based mitigation solutions. Worth mentioning, the initial outcomes and analytical comparisons demonstrate the preliminary viability of the simulation model for the link budget and scintillation estimation for FSO investigations, which can give deep insight into the development of the proposed testbed prototyping, machine learning-based laboratory measurement system, and enhancement possibility for FSO project design and execution for longand medium-term space mission planning.
Smartphone Interrogation of Narrow Bragg Gratings in G.652 Fibre
Authors: Madeira Marcos , Santos Álvaro , Oliveira Valmir , Kalinowski Hypolito
Published: October 2024

Transmission and reflection spectra of FBG in the visible region are seen and measured with a smartphone coupled portable apparatus. Standard G.652 optical fibre is used, operating in a few-mode regime.
Der Gebrauch der extrakorporalen Photopherese bei der Organtransplantation solider Organe: derzeitiger Stand und zukünftige Ausrichtungen
Authors: Thorban Stefan
Published: October 2024

Prävention und Management von Transplantatabstoßungen erfordern bei „Organmangel“ durch unverändert geringe Spendebereitschaft effektive Lösungen, um transplantierte Organe zu erhalten. Hinzu kommt die Zahl zunehmend immunisierter Organempfänger durch immunologische Risikofaktoren wie Zweittransplantationen, höheres Spenderalter und Empfängeralter, oder donorspezifische Antikörper. Die derzeit bestehenden immunsuppressiven Therapien zur Verhinderung akuter Abstoßungen weisen zum Teil erhebliche Nebenwirkungen auf und können bei zahlreichen Patienten nicht angewendet werden. Immunmodulierende Substanzen stellen durch Verbesserung der Immuntoleranz und gleichzeitiger Minimierung der erforderlichen Immunsuppression eine mögliche Lösung der Probleme dar. Mit dem Verfahren der extrakorporale Photopherese (ECP) wird in den internationalen Leitlinien derzeit bei der Herz- und Lungentransplantation diese zusätzliche Therapie empfohlen.
Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Bone Quality in Metabolic Bone Diseases
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Dieckmeyer Michael , Carballido-Gamio Julio , Van Anh Tu , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Feuerriegel Georg C. , Foreman Sarah C. , Gersing Alexandra S. , Krug Roland , Baum Thomas , Kirschke Jan S.
Published: October 2024

Metabolic bone diseases (MBDs) are a diverse group of diseases, affecting the mass or structure of bones and leading to reduced bone quality. Parameters representing different aspects of bone health can be obtained from various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as proton MR spectroscopy, as well as chemical shift encoding-based water-fat imaging, that have been frequently applied to study bone marrow in particular. Furthermore, T2* mapping and high-resolution trabecular bone imaging have been implemented to study bone microstructure. In addition, quantitative susceptibility mapping and ultrashort echo time imaging are used for trabecular and cortical bone assessment. This review offers an overview of technical aspects, as well as major clinical applications and derived main findings, for MRI-based assessment of bone quality in MBDs. It focuses on osteoporosis as the most common MBD.
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi-Spectrometry in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Bone Disease
Authors: Gifuni Rossella , Montatore Manuela , Guglielmi Riccardo , Bazzocchi Alberto , Messina Carmelo , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone mineral density (BMD) pose several limitations in some patient categories, such as pregnant women and young people. This review article explores whether the innovative radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) technology is beneficial for assessing the bone condition of various patient groups. Common consequences in patients with acromegalia, prostate cancer undergoing hormone therapy, osteogenesis imperfecta, anorexia nervosa, and in a peritoneal dialysis setting include decreased BMD and an increased risk of fragility fracture.

DXA is currently regarded as the gold standard for BMD assessment. However, using the DXA technique has several drawbacks in a young patient who requires repeated BMD tests because it uses ionizing radiation. Because of its precision and consistency, the REMS technique may be a valuable tool to assess changes in bone condition in patients of all ages, particularly in female patients who are fertile or who are pregnant or nursing.