bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking Alfalfa Resistance to a Rhizophagous Pest, the Clover Root Curculio (Sitona hispidulus F.)
Authors: Rim Kaitlin , Crawford Jamie , Price Steven J. , Viands Donald R. , Ramirez Ricardo A.
Published: October 2021

Since the cancellation of broad-spectrum soil-active insecticides in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production, clover root curculio (Sitona hispidulus F.) (CRC) larval root damage has increased. Current CRC management practices are limited in their ability to suppress larval feeding belowground. First, we field screened developmental alfalfa populations for CRC damage. Subsequently, we developed a soil-less arena to observe nodule feeding and development (head capsule width) of larvae in the lab. This method was used to evaluate five alfalfa populations (two CRC-susceptible (control) and three CRC-resistant populations) against larvae. Further, one CRC-resistant population paired with its genetically similar susceptible population were tested against adult leaf consumption and oviposition in the greenhouse. Field screening revealed that the alfalfa populations selected for little or no larval root feeding damage were more resistant to CRC larval feeding than their corresponding unselected cultivars and significantly more resistant than populations selected for susceptibility. The development of a soil-less arena provided a useful method for evaluation of root-larva interactions. Although larval development was similar across susceptible and resistant alfalfa populations, one CRC-resistant population (NY1713) displayed overall increased nodulation and, thus, had a significantly lower proportion of nodules consumed by larvae. Adult feeding and oviposition aboveground were similar across all populations tested. These results provide possible candidates and screening method for the development and evaluation of alfalfa cultivars that may reduce the impacts of larval feeding and that offer an additional option for CRC management.
Adaptation by the Brown Planthopper to Resistant Rice: A Test of Female-Derived Virulence and the Role of Yeast-like Symbionts
Authors: Horgan Finbarr G. , Peñalver Cruz Ainara , Arida Arriza , Ferrater Jedeliza B. , Bernal Carmencita C.
Published: October 2021

The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (BPH3/BPH32 genes) to assess behavioral and bionomic changes in planthoppers exhibiting virulence adaptation. We also examined the potential role of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation by assessing progeny fitness (survival × reproduction) following controlled matings between virulent males or females and avirulent males or females, and by manipulating YLS densities in progeny through heat treatment. We found virulence-adapted planthoppers developed faster, grew larger, had adults that survived for longer, had female-biased progeny, and produced more eggs than non-selected planthoppers on the resistant variety. However, feeding capacity—as revealed through honeydew composition—remained inefficient on IR62, even after 20+ generations of exposure to the resistant host. Virulence was derived from both the male and female parents; however, females contributed more than males to progeny virulence. We found that YLS are essential for normal planthopper development and densities are highest in virulent nymphs feeding on the resistant host; however, we found only weak evidence that YLS densities contributed more to virulence. Virulence against IR62 in the brown planthopper, therefore, involves a complex of traits that encompass a series of behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms, some of which are determined only by the female parent.
Resistance of Common Bean Genotypes to the Broad Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Tarsonemidae): Offspring Development and Biochemical Basis
Authors: Androcioli Humberto Godoy , Hoshino Adriano Thibes , Ventura Maurício Ursi , Hata Fernando Teruhiko , Brugnerotto Marco dos Reis , Constantino Leonel Vinicius , Marques Francisco de Assis
Published: October 2021

The broad mite (BM) Polyphagotarsonemus latus is a pest of great prominence for several crops, including the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The objective of this study was to select resistant genotypes and to determine chemicals associated with resistance. In the first experiment, BM incidence was assessed for 36 genotypes in a greenhouse study. A group of 10 genotypes was selected according to the development of BM populations. Mite populations and phytometric and biochemical variables were then determined to study eventual differential genotypic responses to mite infestation. Lower numbers of mite mobile forms (larvae + adults) were found on Verdão, Negrão and Carioca Original genotypes. The magnitude of differences reached 5.4 times more BM in the IAC Alvorada than the Verdão genotype. Plant yields were reduced for the genotypes TAA Bola Cheia, IPR Sabiá, IPR Uirapuru, IAC Alvorada and Carioca Original when plants were infested with BM. The yields for LP 13833, BRS Esteio, Negrão 11, Verdão and MD 1133 were similar between infested and non-infested genotypes, indicating tolerance. Verdão and Negrão 11, besides the tolerance, exhibited low offspring development, indicating antibiosis and/or antixenosis. Higher phenolic compound levels were found in the Verdão genotype. Increased contents of catalase and peroxidase were detected for Negrão 11 genotype when infested with BM. This work allowed the detection of common bean genotypes that express resistance and tolerance to BM. These genotypes can be used in places with a history of BM infestation, or used in breeding programs to incorporate these characteristics in other genotypes.
Surveillance Studies Reveal Diverse and Potentially Pathogenic-Incriminated Vector Mosquito Species across Major Botswana Touristic Hotspots
Authors: Buxton Mmabaledi , Nyamukondiwa Casper , Wasserman Ryan J. , Othenin-Girard Victor , Pigeault Romain , Christe Philippe , Glaizot Olivier
Published: October 2021

Vector mosquitoes contribute significantly to the global burden of diseases in humans, livestock and wildlife. As such, the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquito species and their surveillance cannot be ignored. Here, we surveyed mosquito species across major tourism hotspots in semi-arid Botswana, including, for the first time, the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Our results reported several mosquito species across seven genera, belonging to Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, Mimomyia, Coquillettidia and Uranotaenia. These results document a significant species inventory that may inform early warning vector-borne disease control systems and likely help manage the risk of emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne infections.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Pyrokinin-Like Peptides in the Western Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Hull J. Joe , Brent Colin S. , Choi Man-Yeon , Mikó Zsanett , Fodor József , Fónagy Adrien
Published: October 2021

The pyrokinin (PK) family of insect neuropeptides, characterized by C termini consisting of either WFGPRLamide (i.e., PK1) or FXPRLamide (i.e., PK2), are encoded on the capa and pk genes. Although implicated in diverse biological functions, characterization of PKs in hemipteran pests has been largely limited to genomic, transcriptomic, and/or peptidomic datasets. The Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug) PK transcript encodes a prepropeptide predicted to yield three PK2 FXPRLamide-like peptides with C-terminal sequences characterized by FQPRSamide (LyghePKa), FAPRLamide (LyghePKb), and a non-amidated YSPRF. The transcript is expressed throughout L. hesperus development with greatest abundance in adult heads. PRXamide-like immunoreactivity, which recognizes both pk- and capa-derived peptides, is localized to cells in the cerebral ganglia, gnathal ganglia/suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and abdominal ganglia. Immunoreactivity in the abdominal ganglia is largely consistent with capa-derived peptide expression, whereas the atypical fourth pair of immunoreactive cells may reflect pk-based expression. In vitro activation of a PK receptor heterologously expressed in cultured insect cells was only observed in response to LyghePKb, while no effects were observed with LyghePKa. Similarly, in vivo pheromonotropic effects were only observed following LyghePKb injections. Comparison of PK2 prepropeptides from multiple hemipterans suggests mirid-specific diversification of the pk gene.
The Value of Fetuin-A as a Predictor to Identify Takotsubo Patients at Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Topf Albert , Mirna Moritz , Bacher Nina , Paar Vera , Edlinger Christoph , Motloch Lukas J. , Gharibeh Sarah , Bannehr Marwin , Hoppe Uta C. , Lichtenauer Michael
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) remains a life-threatening disease with the risk of decompensated heart failure and arrhythmias. Valid markers for the prediction of outcome are unavailable. The novel biomarkers fetuin-A, matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Syndecan-1 and CD40-L show promising results for risk stratification of cardiovascular patients. Nevertheless, clinical implementation has not been investigated in TTC patients. Methods: To investigate this issue, we evaluated clinical complications in 51 patients hospitalized for TTC and measured the serum levels of fetuin-A, MPO, MMP-2, Syndecan-1 and CD40-L within 24 h after admission. Results: Serum levels of Fetuin-A correlated inversely with the risk of cardiac decompensation and all cause complications within the acute phase of TTC. Fetuin-A levels over 190.1 µg/mL (AUC: 0.738, sensitivity 87.5%, specificity: 52.6%) indicate an acute phase of TTC without cardiac decompensation. Despite lower fetuin-A levels in patients with all cause complications, the combined endpoint remained slightly unmet (p = 0.058, AUC: 0.655). Patients with fetuin-A levels over 213.3 µg/mL are at risk of experiencing hemodynamic relevant rhythm disorders (AUC: 0.794; sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 79.1%). Other biomarkers failed to reveal a prognostic impact. Pro-BNP and hs troponin levels at admission did not predict adverse cardiac events. Conclusion: Fetuin-A is a promising marker in our study and could be of benefit for the prediction of short-term adverse cardiac events in TTC patients. Therefore, fetuin-A might be of value to evaluate an individual’s risk for complications within the acute phase of TTC and to individually choose the time of intensive care and hospitalization.
Prediction of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Shin Dae Youp , Lee Bora , Yoo Won Sang , Park Joo Won , Hyun Jung Keun
Published: October 2021

Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a major complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and early detection or prediction of DSPN is important for preventing or managing neuropathic pain and foot ulcer. Our aim is to delineate whether machine learning techniques are more useful than traditional statistical methods for predicting DSPN in DM patients. Four hundred seventy DM patients were classified into four groups (normal, possible, probable, and confirmed) based on clinical and electrophysiological findings of suspected DSPN. Three ML methods, XGBoost (XGB), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), and their combinations were used for analysis. RF showed the best area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC, 0.8250) for differentiating between two categories—criteria by clinical findings (normal, possible, and probable groups) and those by electrophysiological findings (confirmed group)—and the result was superior to that of linear regression analysis (AUC = 0.6620). Average values of serum glucose, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), HbA1c, and albumin levels were identified as the four most important predictors of DSPN. In conclusion, machine learning techniques, especially RF, can predict DSPN in DM patients effectively, and electrophysiological analysis is important for identifying DSPN.
Periodontal Disease and Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women: Which Correlation with Preterm and Low-Weight Birth?
Authors: Ferrillo Martina , Migliario Mario , Roccuzzo Andrea , Molinero-Mourelle Pedro , Falcicchio Giovanni , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Pezzotti Federica , Foglio Bonda Pier Luigi , Calafiore Dario , de Sire Alessandro
Published: October 2021

Periodontal disease seems to be correlated with low vitamin D serum levels, preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW), although the literature still lacks a consensus. This study aimed to investigate this correlation in a cohort of pregnant women over 20 weeks of gestation from the University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy. We assessed serum levels of vitamin D and oral health status through the following indexes: Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Plaque Control Record (PCR), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPTIN). Moreover, we assessed the number of PTB and LBW among the newborns. Out of 121 pregnant women recruited, 72 (mean age 29.91 ± 3.64 years) were included. There was a statistically significant correlation between preterm and OHI > 3 (p = 0.033), and between LBW and OHI > 3 (p = 0.005) and CPITN = 3 (p = 0.027). Both pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency ((25-hydroxy-vitamin D) < 30 ng/mL) and PTB plus LBW newborns were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with poor levels of all oral health status indexes during pregnancy. Furthermore, these conditions (women with hypovitaminosis D and combination of PTB and LBW) were shown to be significantly correlated (p < 0.001). Taken together, our findings reported a high prevalence of PTB and LBW with poor oral health and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women.
The Clinical and Neuropathological Features of Sporadic (Late-Onset) and Genetic Forms of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rujeedawa Tanzil , Carrillo Félez Eva , Clare Isabel C. H. , Fortea Juan , Strydom Andre , Rebillat Anne-Sophie , Coppus Antonia , Levin Johannes , Zaman Shahid H.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this review is to compare and highlight the clinical and pathological aspects of genetic versus acquired Alzheimer’s disease: Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer’s disease in (DSAD) and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) are compared with the late-onset form of the disease (LOAD). DSAD and ADAD present in a younger population and are more likely to manifest with non-amnestic (such as dysexecutive function features) in the prodromal phase or neurological features (such as seizures and paralysis) especially in ADAD. The very large variety of mutations associated with ADAD explains the wider range of phenotypes. In the LOAD, age-associated comorbidities explain many of the phenotypic differences.
CGRP Inhibitors and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Resistant Migraine: A Real-Life Study with Erenumab, Fremanezumab, and Galcanezumab
Authors: De Luca Ciro , Baldacci Filippo , Mazzucchi Sonia , Lombardo Irene , Curto Letizia , Ulivi Martina , Chico Lucia , Papa Michele , Siciliano Gabriele , Gori Sara
Published: October 2021

Patients with high-frequency resistant migraine and medication-overuse headache are still the main clinical challenge in tertiary headache centers. The approval of targeted antibodies against the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor represents a powerful instrument. In this study, we observed how biological and clinical features of resistant migraineurs responded to erenumab, fremanezumab, or galcanezumab. We found a reduction in advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as a biomarker of improved redox state after six months of treatment. We also found that treatment efficacy was precocious and maintained with high individual responder rates. In particular, seven out of ten patients achieved a reduction of 50% from the baseline at three months, which was maintained at six months, while about one out of our patients experienced a 75% reduction in headache frequency from the first month of treatment. The migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) and the associated fatigue, anxiety, and sleep quality also significantly improved. The allodynia symptom dropped from moderate/severe to mild/absent as a sign of central sensitization reduction. Our study confirmed the safety and efficacy of CGRP inhibition in real-life, high-challenging patients. Additional evidence is needed to understand the role of oxidative stress as a migraine biomarker.
Prevention of Cirrhosis Complications: Looking for Potential Disease Modifying Agents
Authors: Zaccherini Giacomo , Tufoni Manuel , Bernardi Mauro , Caraceni Paolo
Published: October 2021

The current therapeutic strategies for the management of patients with cirrhosis rely on the prevention or treatment of specific complications. The removal of the causative agents (i.e., viruses or alcohol) prevents decompensation in the vast majority of patients with compensated cirrhosis. In contrast, even when etiological treatment has been effective, a significant proportion of patients with decompensated cirrhosis remains at risk of further disease progression. Therefore, therapies targeting specific key points in the complex pathophysiological cascade of decompensated cirrhosis could represent a new approach for the management of these severely ill patients. Some of the interventions currently employed for treating or preventing specific complications of cirrhosis or used in other diseases (i.e., poorly absorbable oral antibiotics, statins, albumin) have been proposed as potential disease-modifying agents in cirrhosis (DMAC) since clinical studies have shown their capacity of improving survival. Additional multicenter, large randomized clinical trials are awaited to confirm these promising results. Finally, new drugs able to antagonize key pathophysiological mechanisms are under pre-clinical development or at the initial stages of clinical assessment.
Effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in the Treatment of Long Bone Non-Unions
Authors: Fuchs Thomas , Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Michel Philipp A. , Garcia Patric , Amler Susanne , Wähnert Dirk , Raschke Michael J.
Published: October 2021

Background: Delayed fracture healing continues to cause significant patient morbidity and an economic burden to society. Biological stimulation of non-unions includes application of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). However, rhBMP-2 use continues to be a matter of controversy as literature shows scarce evidence for treatment effectiveness. Questions: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rhBMP-2 treatment on long bone non-unions measuring union rate and time to union. Furthermore, we assess risk factors for treatment failure. Methods and patients: A total of 91 patients with non-unions of long bones were treated with rhBMP-2 (n = 72) or standard care without BMP (n = 19) at our institution. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, nicotine consumption, and complications were recorded. Bone healing was assessed by plane X-rays and clinical examination. Patients were followed up with for 24 months. Results: Overall, there was significantly faster bone healing after rhBMP-2 application compared to the no-BMP group (p < 0.001; HR = 2.78; 95% CI 1.4–5.6). Union rates differed significantly between rhBMP-2 compared to the no-BMP group (89% vs. 47%; p < 0.001). At the humerus, there was neither a significantly higher union rate in the rhBMP-2 (83%) compared to the no-BMP group (50%) (p = 0.26; n = 12) nor a faster bone healing with a median time of 9 months in both groups (HR = 2.01; 95% CI 0.49–8.61; p = 0.315). The 33 femora treated using rhBMP-2 healed significantly faster than 9 femora in the no-BMP group (HR = 2.93; 95% CI 1.00–8.4; p = 0.023) with significant differences in union rate with 85% and 44%, respectively (p = 0.022). Regarding tibia non-unions, 25 out of 27 (93%) healed with a median of 9 months after rhBMP-2 application with no significant difference in the no-BMP group (33%) in time to union (p = 0.097) but a significantly higher union rate (p = 0.039). There was no effect of comorbidities, age, sex, soft tissue damage, or nicotine use on time to union, union rate, or secondary interventions. Conclusion: Consistent with the literature, overall, significantly higher union rates with reduced time to union were achieved after rhBMP-2 application. Femoral and tibial non-unions in particular seem to profit from rhBMP-2 application.
Variable Slope Forecasting Methods and COVID-19 Risk
Authors: Leightner Jonathan , Inoue Tomoo , Micheaux Pierre Lafaye de
Published: October 2021

There are many real-world situations in which complex interacting forces are best described by a series of equations. Traditional regression approaches to these situations involve modeling and estimating each individual equation (producing estimates of “partial derivatives”) and then solving the entire system for reduced form relationships (“total derivatives”). We examine three estimation methods that produce “total derivative estimates” without having to model and estimate each separate equation. These methods produce a unique total derivative estimate for every observation, where the differences in these estimates are produced by omitted variables. A plot of these estimates over time shows how the estimated relationship has evolved over time due to omitted variables. A moving 95% confidence interval (constructed like a moving average) means that there is only a five percent chance that the next total derivative would lie outside that confidence interval if the recent variability of omitted variables does not increase. Simulations show that two of these methods produce much less error than ignoring the omitted variables problem does when the importance of omitted variables noticeably exceeds random error. In an example, the spread rate of COVID-19 is estimated for Brazil, Europe, South Africa, the UK, and the USA.
Evaluation of Land Potential for Use of Biosolids in the Coastal Mediterranean Karst Region
Authors: Horvatić Vito , Begić Helena Bakić , Romić Davor , Černe Marko , Goreta Ban Smiljana , Zovko Monika , Romić Marija
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of agricultural land in the coastal Adriatic Karst region (Šibenik region, Croatia) for biosolids application by integrating spatial data from different sources: digital maps and remote sensing, parcel identification system, GIS field observations and measurements focusing on specific land and soil properties. Due to the rapid development of the wastewater treatment industry, excessive accumulation of sewage sludge (SS) in wastewater treatment plants is a growing problem worldwide. Management options for land application of biosolids require a comprehensive characterization of both SS and SS-amended soils. The assessment of agricultural land in the study area for SS disposal was based on EU and national legislation. The evaluation revealed that agricultural land in the study area accounts for only 10% of the total area (25,736 ha), but only a quarter of the existing land (6065 ha) is suitable for biosolids application. Furthermore, the data indicate that the sewage sludge can be safely applied to the soil in terms of soil metals according to the Croatian legislation. The short-term potential of the soil to sustain this ecosystem service, namely soil improvement with biosolids, should be used to determine the inherent long-term potential based on resistance to soil degradation and resilience. However, caution is needed and the long-term effects should be investigated before biosolids are continuously used for soil application.
Historical Changes and Future Trajectories of Deforestation in the Ituri-Epulu-Aru Landscape (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Authors: Kabuanga Joël Masimo , Kankonda Onésime Mubenga , Saqalli Mehdi , Maestripieri Nicolas , Bilintoh Thomas Mumuni , Mweru Jean-Pierre Mate , Liama Aimé Balimbaki , Nishuli Radar , Mané Landing
Published: October 2021

The Ituri-Epulu-Aru landscape (IEAL) is experiencing deforestation and forest degradation. This deforestation is at the root of many environmental disturbances in a region characterized by endemism in biodiversity. The importance of this article is to provide useful information for those who wish to discuss a model that can be replicated for other territories affected by deforestation and changes in natural and anthropogenic forest structure. This article focuses on the triangulation of spatialized prospective scenarios in order to identify future trajectories based on the knowledge of historical dynamics through the diachronic analysis of three satellite images (2003–2010–2014–2016). The scenarios were designed in a supervised model implemented in the DINAMICA EGO platform. The three scenarios: business as-usual (BAU), rapid economic growth (REG) and sustainable management of the environment (SME), extrapolating current trends, show that by 2061 this landscape will always be dominated forests (+84%). Old-growth forests occupy 74.2% of the landscape area in the BAU scenario, 81.4% in the SEM scenario and 61.2% in the REG scenario. The SEM scenario gives hope that restoration and preservation of biodiversity priority habitats is still possible if policy makers become aware of it.
Women's share and its modern interpretations
Authors: Kazakevich T.A.
Published: October 2021

This paper is of a scientific and journalistic nature. The modern cross-border social movement, known under the code Me too, is considered as a threat to the socio-cultural and spiritual and moral security of the country. The purpose of this article is to unite the efforts of educators and social psychologists in identifying this threat and actively countering it. This threat is particularly dangerous for children and young people because of their gullibility and naivety, their inability to navigate information flows.
The relationship between natural phenomena and economic activities in the national calendar of the Yakuts and Evens
Authors: Petrova I.I.
Published: October 2021

The national calendar is an encyclopedia of the everyday life of the people, their way of life and world order. Knowledge and study of the folk calendar as part of culture is necessary to preserve the unique traditional cultures of the indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia. The novelty of the research lies in the establishment of the relationship between natural phenomena and human economic activity in the national calendar of the Yakuts and Evens, taking into account the peculiarities of the creation by each of the peoples of their own calendar.
Young Russians: are they prepared to cybernatization of their own body?
Authors: Semina M.V.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to acquaint readers with the research conducted by students and employees of the State Technical University N.E. Bauman, who reveals the current attitudes of young generation to the issue of cybernatization of their own body. Which part of the body they are ready to transform? How do they visualize this process? Will there be some age, gender, cultural, differences in relations to the parts of the body they want to change? Are there any specific features that distinguish Russians from others in the processes of body cybernatization? This is what this paper says.
REDUÇÃO DA MAIORIDADE PENAL: ASPECTOS FAVORÁVEIS, CONTRÁRIOS E ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA ALIENÍGENA
Authors: De Souza Castro Lenis , Laurito Paro Marcelo
Published: October 2021

A crescente onda de criminalidade fomentou a discussão sobre a redução da maioridade penal, ganhando espaço no meio acadêmico e social. De acordo com o sistema adotado pelo Brasil, os maiores de 12 e menores de 18 anos somente podem responder pelos atos ilícitos praticados nos termos do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, ficando impossibilitada a aplicação da lei penal. O constituinte pressupôs que tais indivíduos não podem ser plenamente responsabilizados por seus atos por não terem o completo desenvolvimento mental. Na mesma linha, o modelo prisional brasileiro tem demonstrado que a finalidade reeducativa é meramente utópica, devendo-se preferir, segundo alguns, as medidas socioeducativas do sistema menorista. Para a corrente favorável à alteração da maioridade, o estágio de desenvolvimento atual, em contraposição ao vivenciado em 1940 (quando da edição do Código Penal) deve ser levado em conta, por refletir diretamente no grau de compreensão dos adolescentes de hoje. No presente estudo, serão analisados os principais argumentos, favoráveis e contrários à mencionada alteração legislativa, bem como examinados alguns modelos estrangeiros, em especial o adotado no Canadá.
(IN)APLICABILIDADE DA AUDIÊNCIA PREVISTA NO ARTIGO Nº 16 DA LEI Nº 11.340, DE 2006, NO JUÍZO DA VARA CRIMINAL DA COMARCA DE DIANÓPOLIS-TO
Authors: Sérgio Melo Xavier Mário , Ribeiro Diniz Hamurab , Schelive Correia Italo
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo teve como intuito básico e específico, analisar a trajetória das ocorrências de violência contra as mulheres no Juízo da Vara Criminal de Dianópolis-TO, entre os anos de 2015 a 2019, no qual foram discutidos: o número de medidas protetivas realizadas no período citado, e a necessidade, ou não, de ser realizada a audiência conciliatória prevista no artigo nº 16 da referida Lei. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo, baseada em dados processuais coletados no Sistema Processual e-Proc e entrevistas com juízes da Vara Criminal da Comarca de Dianópolis-TO. Concluem-se as inovações da Lei n° 11.340, de 2006, conhecida também como Lei Maria da Penha, a qual inseriu no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro um rol de medidas com vista a resgatar a cidadania feminina e assegurar à mulher o direito a uma vida sem violência. Dessarte, as agressões sofridas pelas mulheres, sejam de caráter físico, psicológico, sexual, patrimonial e moral, que passaram a ter tratamento diferenciado pelo Estado. O tema é bastante controvertido e trouxe mudanças que pressupõem, para além da igualdade formal, um tratamento diferenciado para a vítima (mulher) e para o infrator, buscando adequar às necessidades e peculiaridades de cada um, principalmente no que se refere à Medida Protetiva e à renúncia, perante o Ministério Público, por parte da vítima.
THE USE, ABUSE AND MISUSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Andreopoulos George
Published: October 2021

The concept of human rights has confronted a series of challenges over the years. Yet, the concept has retained considerable appeal, an appeal that is reflected in the various ways in which the concept has been, and continues to be, used, abused and misused. This article is divided into two sections: the first section defines and discusses the key terms of use, abuse and misuse; the second section briefly addresses two of the major challenges currently facing human rights: (1) the responses to transnational terrorism on the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks; and (2) the proliferation of states of emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Супер-разрешение без микросканирования: восстановление субпиксельных
изображений из фотосигналов окрестных диодов матрицы как некорректно
поставленная задача
Authors: Стучинский В.А. , Вишняков А.В.
Published: October 2021

В настоящей работе изучался следующий алгоритм восстановления СИ в фотоприемных матрицах,
базирующийся на использовании в них фотоэлектрической связи между фотоэлементами. Полагаем,
что подлежащее регистрации изображение сосредоточено в области между четырьмя диодами
матрицы. Мы разбиваем эту область на 4x4 квадратных площадок, - и, моделируя диффузию
фотогенерированных носителей заряда (ФНЗ) в матрице методом Монте-Карло [1], вычисляем
фотосигналы 4x4 окрестных диодов при однородном освещении светом каждой из площадок. При
освещении фрагмента матрицы, образованной 16-ю площадками, “фигурным” излучением (например,
в виде однородно засвеченного круга, кольца, и т.п.), применяя тот же метод моделирования, мы
аналогичным образом можем сосчитать фотосигналы рассматриваемых 16-ти фотодиодов. Теперь
задача состоит в том, чтобы приблизить использованное для засветки матрицы “фигурное”
изображение картиной, образованной однородно (но с разной интенсивностью!) засвеченными
площадками.
КЛІНІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ ПРОТЕЗУВАННЯ БЕЗЗУБОЇ НИЖНЬОЇ ЩЕЛЕПИ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ТИПУ ЇЇ АТРОФІЇ
Authors: Сапальов С. О.
Published: October 2021

В статті представлені результати порівняльного клініко-функціонального дослідження ефективності протезування 300 хворих з повною відсутністю зубів на нижній щелепі в залежності від типу її атрофії та виду фіксації протезу (за рахунок клапану, що за-микає, або завдяки фіксації на локатор- та бол-абатментах). Встановлено, що застосування «класи-чних» повних знімних конструкцій найбільш ефектив-но при І типі нижніх беззубих щелеп, коли за умови задовільної функції зубних протезів вдається запобі-гти прогресуючій атрофії кісткової тканини протез-ного ложа. Тоді як подібний клінічний ефект при ІІ, ІІІ та ІV типах можливий лише завдяки додатковій механічній фіксації протезів з опорою на імпланта-ти. Отримані дані відповідають результатам попе-редніх досліджень напружено-деформованих станів.
Global earthquakes
in the 2021 first half according to the GS RAS
Authors: Vinogradov Yuri , Ryzhikova Marina , Petrova Natalia , Poygina Svetlana , Kolomiets Marina
Published: October 2021

Data on the 2021 first half Earth seismicity at the level of strong earthquakes with magni-tudes mb6.0 according to the Alert Service of the Geophysical Survey RAS are given. The review also includes information on 81 earthquakes in Russia and adjacent territories, felt in the settlements of the Russian Federation. For 14 strong earthquakes, within one or two days after their occurrence, Informational messages were published, and information about the focal mechanisms was giving. The strongest earthquake of the Earth with MS=7.8 (Mw=8.1) occurred on March 4 at the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand. The largest human casualties and material damage during the study period were caused by catastrophic earth-quakes with MS=5.1 (Mw=5.8) and MS=5.9 (Mw=6.3), which occurred on January 14 at the Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. As a result of the earthquakes, 81 people died, 826 were injured. The strongest earthquake in Russia was the March 16 earthquake with MS=6.7 (Mw=6.6) off the eastern coast of Kamchatka. The maximum shaking intensity in Russia (I=6) was manifested by the strong Khuvsgul earthquake with MS=7.2 (Mw=6.8), which took place on January 11 in the Northern Mongolia, near the border with Russia. The position of the main shock and its aftershocks indicate the intensification of the seismic process in the north-western part of the Khuvsgul rift zone. According to the focal mechanisms of the main shock and two strong aftershocks, the stress of the northwest/southeast extension prevails in this zone, and the predominant slip type along the faults of the northeast strike is a nor-mal fault. The global seismic energy released in the 2021 first half remains, as in the previ-ous two years, at a reduced level, relative to the average for the last 11.5 years, which indi-cates a continuing seismic calm.
Influence of development of raw hydrocarbon deposits on the geodynamic state and seismic regime of the Earth's crust in the Southern Urals
Authors: Nesterenko Maksim , Kapustina Oksana , Nikiforov Sergey
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of field development on the geody-namic state and seismic activity of the earth's crust of the Southern Urals, were compared in field development, anthropogenic changes in the bowels of district fields with the level of seismic ac-tivity, correlation between indicators of development of deposits and the parameters of the seis-mic activity of the earth's crust and the statistical analysis of the seismic regime of the area de-posits of hydrocarbon raw materials. Correlation analysis of field development indicators and seismic activity parameters revealed an almost linear relationship (r>0.9) between reservoir pres-sure and the number of events (including low-energy pulse events) and a close relationship be-tween the average debit and the number of events. A model of the seismic activity of hydrocar-bon deposits in the Southern Urals is constructed in the form of a set of graphs of the frequency of seismic events and changes in their angle of inclination. The constructed model indicates a change in the nature of seismic activity in the subsurface of the field area, which consists in a de-crease in the energy of events and an increase in their number. The cyclical nature of seismic ac-tivity on the territory of the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field (OOGCF) is revealed. Current-ly, there is an accumulation of stress associated with the continued drop in reservoir pressure during the field operation and natural tectonic processes against the background of a decrease in the rate of hydrocarbon production. Reducing production volumes at OOGCF does not reduce the man-made load on the Earth's crust, but reduces the rate of stress accumulation. This leads to a decrease in the energy of seismic events and an increase in their number (taking into account the pulses).
Ma’had Internasional: Integrasi Agama-Sains Berbasis Moderasi Islam
Authors: Syarif Zainuddin , Thabrani Abdul Mukti
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The study of the integration of religion and science always attracts the attention of many people, especially academics in religious tertiary circles. Theoretically, the discourse is intended to bridge the meeting of religion-science, which in many occasions is often disputed. To the extent that there are many ideas on the integration of religion and science, at both the theoretical and practical levels, one of them is the idea of ​​establishing an international ma'had. This study will specifically examine the idea of ​​the integration of Islam-based moderation of Islam in Islamic religious tertiary institutions through Ma'had International. Three main issues that will be the focus of the study, namely: the concept of international ma'ad, the integration of religion-science, and finally, the moderation of Islam. Three focus of study will be translated into two research questions, namely; 1) What is meant by the concept of International ma'had and Islamic moderation? 2) What is the role and strategic function of the international ma'had in integrating Islamic moderation-based religions? This study is a literature study based on the type of qualitative research. The data used in the study are secondary data sourced from library data. The theoretical perspective used is John F. Haught's theory of religious integration. Theoretically, this study has a major contribution in enriching the science of religion, especially the study of integration of religion and science. in practice, this study has a major contribution in terms of providing solutions to the ideal idea of ​​integrating Islamic moderation-based religion in the environment of Islamic religious colleges. The findings of this study contain an in-depth explanation of the concept of ma'had International, as well as an in-depth analysis of the integration strategy of Islam-based moderation based Islam through the idea of ​​ma'had International within the Islamic diversity tertiary environment.
Pembacaan Mubadalah terhadap Hadist Perempuan sebagai Aurat dan Implikasinya terhadap Relasi Gender
Authors: Haitomi Faisal , Najwah Nurun
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This paper discusses the discourse on gender equality which is a hot issue to date. This research uses the mubadalah approach (annoyance/cooperation) which was initiated by Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir as an analysis tool. In the meantime, this research is focused on answering how the interpretation of mubad is from the hadith which is the object of this research. From the discussion presented, this research concluded that the editorial hadith about women as genitals which was later understood as the theological basis for housing women was not appropriate, because the main idea of ​​this hadith is not that of keeping the soul (Hifz Nafs), protecting the offspring (Hifz an-Nasl) and safeguarding property (Hifz al-Mal). Therefore, from the main idea of ​​the above hadith, it is concluded that it is not only women who are recommended to guard these three things, men on the other hand are also charged with the same responsibility.
Mitigasi Covid-19 Melalui Kearifan Lokal Pesantren di Madura
Authors: Hannan Abd , Triyaningsih Heny
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This study discusses strategies to strengthen the global pandemic COVID-19 mitigation in Madura through the utilization of the local wisdom values ​​of pesantren. There are three focus issues raised in this study, namely; COVID-19, the value of local wisdom, and finally pesantren. Using this type of qualitative research based on an analysis of sociological theory, this study found that the pesantren's social position as one of Madura's local wisdom values ​​could actually be used as a strategy to strengthen the COVID-19 transmission and transmission control activities in Madura. The strengths and advantages of pesantren in strengthening COVID-19 mitigation in Madura can be seen from two things; First, pesantren is a popular traditional Islamic institution that is synonymous with magical power and charismatic clerical figures. With this, pesantren can be used as instruments to educate the public about the importance of complying with the health protocol regulations issued by the government; Secondly, pesantren have large and broad social capital, where the social capital is centered on three networks of power such as the kyai, santri, and aumni. In this regard, both the kyai, santri, and alumni, all three can be used to strengthen the COVID-19 control agenda in Madura, specifically to target some areas which have not been adequately addressed by formal policies. The involvement of pesantren and all their social networks such as kyai, santri, and alumni, besides being able to strengthen the COVID-19 mitigation agenda, can also realize an integral role control model by combining two approaches at once, namely structural approaches and value-based approaches of local wisdom.
Solar Based Smart Lawn Mower
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India,, Keote R.S. , Kale Prasanna ,   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India,, Raut Chaitanya ,   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India,, Samavedula Bhaskar ,   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India,, Khawade Rutuja ,   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India,, Dumanwar Abhijeet ,   Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India,
Published: October 2021

Our lawn mower is a self grass cutting vehicle running on solar energy which avoiding obstacles, increases the capability of complete mechanized grass cutting devoid of any necessity of any human intervention. Our structure requires a couple of 12V batteries to influence up the motors of the blades and for the movement. Lawn mowing is regarded as one of the most boring or tiring everyday jobs. It is also very reliable private robotic applications. The principle of this paper is to study and re-define the art in robotic lawn mowers to highlight the needs and capabilities of today's devices. A brief survey of available products, some patents and typical test bed prototypes are also provided. Some enabling techniques that make the vehicles more efficient are also suggested. We have utilized a solar board i.e. solar panel to charge the batteries the lawn mower and robot motors are interfaced to an Arduino Uno which governs the implementation of each motor. It is additionally used to interface an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle recognition and IR sensors for stopping the vehicle. The importance of this research lies in the presentation of an overview of a potential big market for personal vehicles.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CENTCHROMAN AND DANAZOL IN MANAGEMENT OF MASTALGIA.
Authors: Chaudhary Suprabha , Ashish Kumar , Manish Manish , Kumar Robbins
Published: October 2021

Mastalgia is one of the most common presenting symptom in female attending surgical and gynaecological
OPD. In majority of patients it can be managed with reassurance and simple medication. But in 10-20 % of
patient severe pain affects quality of life and causes severe anxiety. Aim was to compare the effectiveness of Centchroman and
Danazol in mastalgia by using visual analogue scale (VAS), Fifty-two patients were taken in study & randomized into two groups
with all women presenting with mastalgia with VAS score ≥3 between ages of 20-40 years. Centchroman (30mg OD for 3 months) in
group 1 and Danazol (50 mg bid for 3 months) to group 2 was given and were monitored for VAS for pain and we found that
centchroman is more effective than danazol and there was signicant difference in parameters in both the groups as Age, VAS
th score, duration of menstrual cycle, No. of cases with cyclical, non-cyclical mastalgia. Relative risk (RR) of 1.256 at 12 week, 2.280 at
th 24 week were noted, P value was found to be signicant. It can be concluded that Centchroman therapy is a safe, equally effective,
and less costly alternative to Danazol for the treatment of mastalgia.
ELECTIVE MECHANICAL SUB PULMONARY SUPPORT - THE FINAL FRONTIER OF SINGLE VENTRICLE PALLIATION
Authors: Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Ambat Gayathri Ananyajyothi , Victor Sitaramaswamy , Nazer Y A , Sharma Rajesh
Published: October 2021

Sophisticated technology advances are fast taking taking
shape to provide long term destination therapy mechanical
circulatory assistance. Sai Spandan total articial heart with
hybrid BSRM core with dual motor and controls, virtual t
technology is one such over the horizon. The promise is of
better quality of life and longevity. Transcutaneous charging
of fully implantable models would very soon revolutionize
cardiac surgical treatment modalities. The nal frontier in a
failing Fontan is sub pulmonary mechanical assistance. We
take a short look into the issues and possibilities. The research
gap exists for the innovator in this eld.
ROLE OF 3D CT SCAN IN QUANTIFYING GLENOID BONE LOSS IN RECURRENT UNILATERAL SHOULDER DISLOCATION
Authors: Jaybhay Shivprasad , Misal Madhuri
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Patients with recurrent shoulder instability often present with osseous injury to the glenoid and
humeral head. Glenoid bone loss can easily be quantied on a three-dimensional computed
tomography scan by modeling the inferior portion of the glenoid contour as a true circle on an en face view. This study
investigated the accuracy of CT in determining the presence and severity of glenoid bone loss in patients with unilateral
recurrent shoulder dislocation.
Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was done among patients with unilateral recurrent shoulder dislocation.
Forty patients with anterior shoulder dislocation underwent shoulder CT examination before arthroscopy.
Results: Glenoid bone loss was evident in 38 (95%) of the 40 patients at arthroscopy. Compared with arthroscopy, CT had
sensitivity in detecting glenoid bone loss of 92.1%; specicity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%; and negative predictive
value, 40.0%. Three false-negative CT assessments had 5%, 5%, and 20% glenoid bone loss, respectively, at arthroscopy. There
was a strong correlation between CT and arthroscopy with respect to the severity of glenoid bone loss (r = 0.73).
Conclusion: CT has both a high sensitivity and a high specicity for detecting glenoid bone loss, and agreement with
arthroscopy regarding the severity of glenoid bone loss is good. CT can be used to assess glenoid bone loss and the need for
bone augmentation surgery.