bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging R2* sequences can better detect microstructural cartilage changes than T2 mapping in cynomolgus monkeys with limited knee kinematics: preliminary imaging findings
Authors: Gao ManMan , Wang JianMin , Jiang LuoYong , Pan XiMin , Canavese Federico , Li YiQiang , Wang WenTao , Zhou ZhiYu , Zhu WeiMin
Published: September 2022

Background

The difference between MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)-R2* and T2 mapping sequences regarding their superiority in the detection of microstructural cartilage changes in knees with limited ROM (range of motion) was unknown.

Methods

Twenty male cynomolgus monkeys (mean age: 10.65 ± 0.97 years) underwent knee ROM evaluations and were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 10), with similar left and right knee ROM; Group B (n = 5), with left knee ROM superior to right; and Group C (n = 5), with left knee ROM inferior to right. Twenty-eight ROIs (regions of interest) in the cartilage of the lateral (L) and medial (M) femoral trochlea (FT), anterior (A)/central (C)/posterior (P) femoral condyle (FC) and tibial plateau (TP) of both knees were identified in each monkey. The corresponding ROI values in R2* and T2 mapping sequences were recorded for analysis. One-way ANOVA, Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for statistical analyses.

Results

Among the total 1120 ROIs, significant differences in R2* values among the three groups existed in two ROIs: cartilage of the right MPTP (F = 5.216, P = 0.017) and left MAFC (F = 4.919, P = 0.021). However, the T2 mapping values of all ROIs were similar among the three groups. Microstructural cartilage changes occurred more frequently in the medial (40 ROIs) than in the lateral (0 ROIs) knee compartment (χ2 = 43.077, P < 0.001). The Group B cartilage R2* value of the right MPTP increased with the difference in bilateral knee ROM (r = 0.913, P = 0.030).

Conclusions

In knees with limited ROM, MRI-R2* sequence is superior to T2 mapping in the detection of microstructural cartilage changes, which the medial knee compartment was more susceptible to. Cartilage R2* values tend to increase with the amount of knee ROM loss.
Misdiagnosis of carcinoma gall bladder in endemic regions
Authors: Deo Kunal Bikram , Avudaiappan Mohanasundaram , Shenvi Sunil , Kalra Naveen , Nada Ritambra , Rana Surinder Singh , Gupta Rajesh
Published: September 2022

Background

Incidental carcinoma gall bladder and benign disease in radical cholecystectomy specimen is the cause of concern. We attempted to find out the incidence and reasons thereof in the present study.

Methods

Present study is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database between July 2002 and July 2019. All patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma gall bladder admitted for surgery were included.

Results

Out of 148 patients, 110 patients had carcinoma gall bladder (CAGB), while 38 patients (25.7%) had incidental carcinoma (under-diagnosis). Radical resection was done in 61/110 (55.4%) patients with clinical CAGB, where 15 (24.6%) patients had benign pathology (“over-diagnosis”). Overdiagnosis was due to xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (n = 9), chronic cholecystitis (n = 2), tuberculosis (n = 2) and IgG4 related cholecystitis (n = 2). Among 61 patients, a history of weight loss and anorexia were significantly associated with malignancy. Asymmetrical wall thickness was significantly more common in benign mimickers.

Among patients with incidental carcinoma, preoperative ultrasonography reported normal wall thickness of gall bladder in 28 (73.7%), thickened gall bladder wall in 6, and polyp in 3 patients. The resectability rate among incidental carcinoma was 27/38 (71.05%).

Conclusion

Over-diagnosis of the carcinoma gall bladder was present in 24.6%. On the other hand, incidental carcinoma comprised 25.7% of all admissions for carcinoma gall bladder with resectability of 71%.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with gastric cancer based on laboratory tests is safe: a single Chinese center analysis
Authors: Wu Yunzi , Zheng Xiaohao , Sun Chunyang , Wang Shenghui , Ding Shikang , Wu Ming , Zhang Jing , Wang Bingzhi , Xue Liyan , Yang Lin , Tian Yantao , Xie Yibin
Published: September 2022

Purpose

About 15%—40% of gastric cancer patients have peritoneal metastasis, which leads to poor prognosis. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is considered to be an effective treatment for these patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of HIPEC in patients with gastric cancer diagnosed from laboratory tests.

Methods

The clinical and pathological data of 63 patients with gastric cancer who underwent HIPEC in 2017–2021 were prospectively recorded. Fifty-five patients underwent cytoreductive surgery + HIPEC, and eight patients received HIPEC alone. The factors associated with HIPEC safety and efficacy were analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival.

Results

The average patient age was 54.84 years and 68.3% of patients were male. Moreover, 79.4% of patients had a peritoneal carcinoma index (PCI) score of ≤ 7 and 61.9% had a completeness of cytoreduction score of 0. Because of peritoneal metastasis, 29 patients (46.03%) were classified as stage IV. Laboratory tests showed no differences in pre-HIPEC blood test results compared to post-HIPEC results after removing the effects of surgery. HIPEC treatment did not cause obvious liver or kidney damage. Serum calcium levels decreased significantly after HIPEC (P = 0.0018). The Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score correlated with the patient’s physical function and improved after HIPEC (P = 0.0045). In coagulation tests, FDP (P < 0.0001) and D-dimer (P < 0.0001) levels increased significantly and CA242 (P = 0.0159), CA724 (P < 0.0001), and CEA (P < 0.0014) levels decreased significantly after HIPEC. Completeness of cytoreduction score was an independent prognostic factor. HIPEC did not show a survival benefit in patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.5505).

Conclusion

HIPEC is a safe treatment for patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis based on the laboratory tests. However, the efficacy of this treatment on gastric-derived peritoneal metastases requires further confirmation.
Sudden extensive bloody pleural and pericardial effusion in a subject with untreated known hypothyroidism after total thyroidectomy, triggered by pneumonia
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Tatsumi Fuminori , Katakura Yukino , Dan Kazunori , Wamata Ryo , Kimura Tomohiko , Shimoda Masashi , Nakanishi Shuhei , Kaku Kohei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: September 2022

Background

In subjects with hypothyroidism, edema is often observed, and pleural effusion and pericardial fluid could be also observed. The color of such fluid retention is usually yellow. Here we show a very rare case with hypothyroidism who had bloody pleural effusion and bloody pericardial fluid.

Case presentation

A 42-year-old male noticed chest pain and the aggravation of exertional dyspnea, and he was transported to our institution by emergency. He had Graves’ disease and underwent total thyroidectomy about 4 years before. After then, he had been treated with 200 μg/day of levothyroxine sodium for the maintenance of thyroid function. However, he self-interrupted such medication about 2 years before. Thyroid function on admission was reduced as follows: free triiodothyronine, 1.60 pg/mL; free thyroxine < 0.40 ng/dL; thyroid-stimulating hormone 25.50 μU/mL. Inflammation markers were increased: white blood cells 25,280 /μL; C-reactive protein 18.66 mg/dL. A large amount of pericardial fluid and pleural effusion were observed in chest and abdominal computer tomography and echocardiography. In addition, we performed pleural effusion and pericardial fluid collection. Pleural effusion in this subject showed bloody color, but not yellow. In cell block specimen of pleural effusion and pericardial fluid, red blood cells, neutrophils and lymphocyte component were observed. In this subject, however, we were unable to find any obvious background disease causing bloody pericardial effusion. Finally, we concluded that bloody pleural effusion and bloody pericardial fluid were brought about in a subject with untreated known hypothyroidism after total thyroidectomy, triggered by pneumonia.

Conclusions

In subjects with hypothyroidism, fluid and mucopolysaccharide are stored in interstitial space and protein osmolality is increased, thus leading to edema and fluid retention. It is noted here that pleural effusion and pericardial fluid in this subject showed bloody color and included red blood cells. There are no reports of bloody pericardial fluid with hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that a subject with some trigger, such as infection, may have a hematologic fluid retention that is not seen when hypothyroidism is present alone, as observed in this subject.
Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Lactobacilli probiotics supernatants against Enterococcus faecalis (in-vitro study)
Authors: Shaaban Shymaa , Hamad Gamal M. , Genena Salma , Meheissen Marwa A. , Moussa Sybel
Published: September 2022

Background

There is an increasing demand to find a potent antibacterial agent against endodontic pathogens with the least toxic effect. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacilli probiotics on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in comparison to calcium hydroxide paste.

Methods

The study involved two stages; (stage one): determination of the antibacterial properties of three strains of Lactobacilli probiotics supernatants (PS); Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a cocktail mix of the three supernatants against E. faecalis using agar well diffusion method in both solution and gel phase. The formed zones of inhibition (ZOI) were measured in millimeters (mm) and compared to each other. PS solution and gel of the largest ZOI were further compared with calcium hydroxide paste (35% Ultra Cal XS Ca(OH)2) This was followed by (stage two): assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the PS that showed the largest ZOI against E. faecalis by agar well diffusion assay for both PS solution and gel.

Results

All supernatants showed growth inhibition against E. faecalis, and the cocktail mix showed the largest ZOI. However, no significant difference was found between the supernatants in both the solution and gel phases (p > 0.05). Ca(OH)2 showed a significantly lower effect than both the cocktail mix solution and gel (p < 0.05). The MIC of the cocktail mix solution and gel against E. faecalis was 50 mg/ml. (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

PS has an antibacterial effect on E. faecalis and was more effective than Ca(OH)2.Lactobacilli probiotics could be a promising antibacterial agent used as an irrigant or an intracanal medication.
Minimally invasive management for multifocal pelvic retroperitoneal malignant paraganglioma: a neuropelveological approach
Authors: Zaccaria Giulia , Cucinella Giuseppe , Di Donna Mariano Catello , Lo Re Giuseppe , Paci Giuseppe , Laganà Antonio Simone , Chiantera Vito
Published: September 2022

Background

Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, with an estimated incidence of about 0.6 cases per 100.000 person/year. Overall, 3–8% of them are malignant. These tumors are characterized by a classic triad of symptoms (headaches, palpitations, profuse sweating) due to hypersecretion of catecholamines. Despite several advantages of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for PGL debulking, the surgical approach is not standardized yet. In this scenario, we aimed to report a case of a multiple recurrent PGL with metastatic retroperitoneal localization involving the pelvic sidewall, excised with MIS.

Case presentation

We performed complete laparoscopic-assisted neuronavigation (LANN technique) with isolation of the sacral routes and the sciatic nerve to obtain complete exposure of the main anatomic landmarks. Robotic surgery was used to perform neurolysis of sacral plexus, and partial resection of left splanchnic nerves was needed. After the resection of the first mass, extensive neurolysis of all sacral routes, obturator nerve, pudendal nerve till the entrance of the pudendal (Alcock) canal, and sciatic nerve was performed. Finally, the mass was identified after trans gluteal incision and dissection of the maximum gluteal muscle, and a partial resection of the superior gluteal nerve and slicing of the sciatic nerve were needed to obtain a radical excision of the mass. Then neurorrhaphy of the sectioned nerve fibers of the superior gluteal nerve was performed, and nerve protection was obtained using a collagen nerve wrap. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient is free of disease at the MRI imaging and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy.

Conclusions

Minimally invasive gynecological surgery with neuropelveological approach could be considered as a feasible option in case of multifocal pelvic retroperitoneal malignant paraganglioma of the pelvic side wall.
A two-phase approach to re-calibrating expensive computer simulation for sex-specific colorectal neoplasia development modeling
Authors: Vivas-Valencia Carolina , Zhou You , Sai Aditya , Imperiale Thomas F. , Kong Nan
Published: September 2022

Background

Medical evidence from more recent observational studies may significantly alter our understanding of disease incidence and progression, and would require recalibration of existing computational and predictive disease models. However, it is often challenging to perform recalibration when there are a large number of model parameters to be estimated. Moreover, comparing the fitting performances of candidate parameter designs can be difficult due to significant variation in simulated outcomes under limited computational budget and long runtime, even for one simulation replication.

Methods

We developed a two-phase recalibration procedure. As a proof-of-the-concept study, we verified the procedure in the context of sex-specific colorectal neoplasia development. We considered two individual-based state-transition stochastic simulation models, estimating model parameters that govern colorectal adenoma occurrence and its growth through three preclinical states: non-advanced precancerous polyp, advanced precancerous polyp, and cancerous polyp. For the calibration, we used a weighted-sum-squared error between three prevalence values reported in the literature and the corresponding simulation outcomes. In phase 1 of the calibration procedure, we first extracted the baseline parameter design from relevant studies on the same model. We then performed sampling-based searches within a proper range around the baseline design to identify the initial set of good candidate designs. In phase 2, we performed local search (e.g., the Nelder-Mead algorithm), starting from the candidate designs identified at the end of phase 1. Further, we investigated the efficiency of exploring dimensions of the parameter space sequentially based on our prior knowledge of the system dynamics.

Results

The efficiency of our two-phase re-calibration procedure was first investigated with CMOST, a relatively inexpensive computational model. It was then further verified with the V/NCS model, which is much more expensive. Overall, our two-phase procedure showed a better goodness-of-fit than the straightforward employment of the Nelder-Mead algorithm, when only a limited number of simulation replications were allowed. In addition, in phase 2, performing local search along parameter space dimensions sequentially was more efficient than performing the search over all dimensions concurrently.

Conclusion

The proposed two-phase re-calibration procedure is efficient at estimating parameters of computationally expensive stochastic dynamic disease models.
Roles of sirtuins in asthma
Authors: Liu Yahui , Shi Guochao
Published: September 2022

Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent lysine deacylases and deacetylases that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including transcriptional activity, energy metabolism, DNA damage response, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress. As a result, sirtuins are linked to multiple pathophysiological processes, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and respiratory diseases. Asthma is the most common respiratory disease, which is characterized by airway inflammation and airway remodeling. Accumulating evidence has indicated that sirtuins are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Furthermore, some studies have suggested that sirtuin modulators are potential agents for the treatment of asthma via alteration of the expression or activity of sirtuins. In this review, we illustrate the role of sirtuins in asthma, discuss related molecular mechanisms, and evaluate the sirtuins-targeted therapy for asthma.
A prediction model for hospital mortality in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Huang Dong , He Dingxiu , Gong Linjing , Yao Rong , Wang Wen , Yang Lei , Zhang Zhongwei , He Qiao , Wu Zhenru , Shi Yujun , Liang Zongan
Published: September 2022

Background

No personalized prediction model or standardized algorithm exists to identify those at high risk of death among severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and to develop a useful nomogram for prediction of mortality in those patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, observational, cohort study in the intensive care unit (ICU) of West China Hospital, Sichuan University with all consecutive SCAP patients with COPD between December 2011 and December 2018. The clinical data within 24 h of admission to ICU were collected. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. We divided the patients into training and testing cohorts (70% versus 30%) randomly. In the training cohort, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent risk factors applied to develop a nomogram. The prediction model was assessed in both training and testing cohorts.

Results

Finally, 873 SCAP patients with COPD were included, among which the hospital mortality was 41.4%. In training cohort, the independent risk factors for hospital mortality were increased age, diabetes, chronic renal diseases, decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), and elevated fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The C index was 0.840 (95% CI 0.809–0.872) in training cohort and 0.830 (95% CI 0.781–0.878) in testing cohort. Furthermore, the time-dependent AUC, calibration plots, DCA and clinical impact curves indicated the model had good predictive performance. Significant association of risk stratification based on nomogram with mortality was also found (P for trend < 0.001). The restricted cubic splines suggested that estimated associations between these predictors and hospital mortality were all linear relationships.

Conclusion

We developed a prediction model including seven risk factors for hospital mortality in patients with SCAP and COPD. It can be used for early risk stratification in clinical practice after more external validation.
vACcine COnfidence amongst those living with alleRgy during the COVID pandemic (ACCORD): a scoping review protocol
Authors: Golding Michael A. , Askin Nicole , Batac Ayel Luis R. , Merrill Kaitlyn A. , Abrams Elissa M. , Bégin Philippe , Ben-Shoshan Moshe , Ladouceur Erika , Roos Leslie E. , Protudjer Vladan , Protudjer Jennifer L. P.
Published: September 2022

Background

Reports of allergic reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines have been documented, which may also contribute to hesitancy. Despite the low likelihood that the COVID-19 vaccine will trigger an allergic reaction, we and others have reported that families with allergy remain vaccine hesitant due to concerns of COVID-19-vaccine-triggered anaphylaxis.

Objective

To present our scoping review protocol, that will inform a forthcoming living scoping review in which we will investigate the peer-reviewed and grey literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and allergic disease and/or allergic reactions following a COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods

Informed by Arksey and O’Malley framework for methodological review, we have developed a search strategy with content and methodological experts, and which has undergone Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies review. A search of four scientific databases, as well as gray literature, will be performed without restriction to articles by type of COVID-19 vaccine, or country of study, and will include publications in the ten languages our team can handle. Bi-monthly search alerts based on the search strategy will be generated.

Results

The first search will result in a stand alone peer reviewed scoping review. Bi-monthly updates will be posted on a pre-print server. Depending on the volume of literature, these updates will be synthesized and submitted for peer-review at 6 and/or 12 months.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy amongst individuals with allergy persists, despite very low risk of serious adverse reactions. Our living scoping review, which includes multiple forms of knowledge translation, will be a rigorous way to address hesitancy.
Systemic lupus erythematosus with various clinical manifestations in a patient with hereditary angioedema: a case report
Authors: Ushio Yusuke , Wakiya Risa , Kameda Tomohiro , Nakashima Shusaku , Shimada Hiromi , Mansour Mai Mahmoud Fahmy , Kato Mikiya , Miyagi Taichi , Sugihara Koichi , Mino Rina , Mizusaki Mao , Ibuki Emi , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Dobashi Hiroaki
Published: September 2022

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an inherited disease characterized by recurrent angioedema without urticaria or pruritus. The most common types of HAE are caused by deficiency or dysfunction in C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH-HAE). The association between C1-INH-HAE and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known; however, variations in the underlying pathophysiology, disease course, and treatment in this population remain incompletely understood.

Case presentation

A 31-year-old Japanese woman with a prior diagnosis of HAE type 1 based on the episodes of recurrent angioedema, low C1 inhibitor antigen levels and function, and family history presented with new complaints of malar rash, alopecia, and arthralgias in her hands and elbows. She later developed fever, oral ulcers, lupus retinopathy, a discoid rash localized to her chest, and malar rash. Investigations revealed positive antinuclear antibody, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypocomplementemia, and nephritis. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed with SLE according to the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. There did not appear to be a correlation between HAE disease activity and the timing of presentation with SLE, because HAE disease activity had been stable. The patient was able to achieve and maintain remission with immunosuppressive therapy including prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, and tacrolimus.

Conclusions

Our patient presented with a variety of symptoms, including fever and cytopenia in addition to mucocutaneous, joint, ocular, and renal lesions. It is important to better characterize the clinical characteristics of SLE in patients with C1-INH-HAE, and to clarify the mechanisms of SLE in this population.
Novel clinical, molecular and bioinformatics insights into the genetic background of autism
Authors: Talli Ioanna , Dovrolis Nikolas , Oulas Anastasis , Stavrakaki Stavroula , Makedou Kali , Spyrou George M. , Maroulakou Ioanna
Published: September 2022

Background

Clinical classification of autistic patients based on current WHO criteria provides a valuable but simplified depiction of the true nature of the disorder. Our goal is to determine the biology of the disorder and the ASD-associated genes that lead to differences in the severity and variability of clinical features, which can enhance the ability to predict clinical outcomes.

Method

Novel Whole Exome Sequencing data from children (n = 33) with ASD were collected along with extended cognitive and linguistic assessments. A machine learning methodology and a literature-based approach took into consideration known effects of genetic variation on the translated proteins, linking them with specific ASD clinical manifestations, namely non-verbal IQ, memory, attention and oral language deficits.

Results

Linear regression polygenic risk score results included the classification of severe and mild ASD samples with a 81.81% prediction accuracy. The literature-based approach revealed 14 genes present in all sub-phenotypes (independent of severity) and others which seem to impair individual ones, highlighting genetic profiles specific to mild and severe ASD, which concern non-verbal IQ, memory, attention and oral language skills.

Conclusions

These genes can potentially contribute toward a diagnostic gene-set for determining ASD severity. However, due to the limited number of patients in this study, our classification approach is mostly centered on the prediction and verification of these genes and does not hold a diagnostic nature per se. Substantial further experimentation is required to validate their role as diagnostic markers. The use of these genes as input for functional analysis highlights important biological processes and bridges the gap between genotype and phenotype in ASD.
Do school status and classroom English learning practices influence Chinese learners’ perceptions of a high-stakes English test?
Authors: Dong Manxia
Published: September 2022

Learners’ views of a test have been regarded as a crucial source of evidence of a test’s construct validity as well as a measurement of its impact. This study investigates students’ (N = 3105) perceptions of the National Matriculation English Test (NMET), a high-stakes test in China, and explores the influences of school status and classroom English learning practices on their perceptions. The sample was randomly split in half to conduct cross-validations. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, standard multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. The survey results demonstrated that students viewed test validity and importance positively and test impact negatively. The results also revealed that school status and classroom English learning practices significantly influenced students’ perceptions of a test. Specifically, those in more prestigious schools held more positive perceptions of NMET validity and importance and more negative perceptions of its impact. Classroom English teaching-related learning practice was more associated with students’ positive perceptions of NMET validity and importance, whereas classroom test preparation was more associated with negative views of NMET impact. This study has important implications for test design, school administration, and learning and teaching.
Framework for automatically suggesting remedial actions to help students at risk based on explainable ML and rule-based models
Authors: Albreiki Balqis , Habuza Tetiana , Zaki Nazar
Published: September 2022

Higher education institutions often struggle with increased dropout rates, academic underachievement, and delayed graduations. One way in which these challenges can potentially be addressed is by better leveraging the student data stored in institutional databases and online learning platforms to predict students’ academic performance early using advanced computational techniques. Several research efforts have focused on developing systems that can predict student performance. However, there is a need for a solution that can predict student performance and identify the factors that directly influence it. This paper aims to develop a model that accurately identifies students who are at risk of low performance, while also delineating the factors that contribute to this phenomenon. The model employs explainable machine learning (ML) techniques to delineate the factors that are associated with low performance and integrates rule-based model risk flags with the developed prediction system to improve the accuracy of performance predictions. This helps low-performing students to improve their academic metrics by implementing remedial actions that address the factors of concern. The model suggests proper remedial actions by mapping the students’ performance in each identified checkpoint with the course learning outcomes (CLOs) and topics taught in the course. The list of possible actions is mapped to this checkpoint. The developed model can accurately distinguish students at risk (total grade $$< 70\%$$

<
70
%

) from students with good performance. The Area under the ROC Curve (AUC ROC) of binary classification model fed with four checkpoints reached 1.0. Proposed framework may aid the student to perform better, increase the institution’s effectiveness and improve their reputations and rankings.
Effectiveness of plant extracts for repressing stem rust disease severity of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Pers under field conditions
Authors: El-Gamal Nadia Gameel , El-Mougy Nehal Samy , Khalil Mohamed Saied Ali , Abdel-Kader Mokhtar Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Background

Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Pers is one of the most devastating fungal foliar diseases, and causes substantial yield losses to wheat crops cultivated under field conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of plant extract-based foliar sprays for wheat with carnation, ginger and cinnamon on the severity of stem rust infection of three wheat cultivars cultivated under field conditions for two consecutive winter seasons of (2020/21 and 2021/22).

Results

In both seasons our data showed that all treatments were associated with some degree of disease suppression recorded as a range of 2.3–8.6% compared to 15.3–24.5% in untreated control treatment. The plant extract treatment was more effective than Amistar, a commercial fungicide. They recorded disease severity as: scores ranged between 2.3 and 3.2%; 3.0–4.5%, and 3.0–6% for wheat cvs. Giza 1, Misr 2, and Sids 14, in respective order. Meanwhile, scores of 4.1, 7.5, and 8.6% were recorded at fungicidal treatment. Spaying wheat plants with carnation extract showed the lowest disease prevalence followed by ginger and cinnamon extract, respectively. Increased in grain yield was associated with reduced disease severity.

Conclusions

The present investigation demonstrated the efficacy using plant extracts against foliar diseases caused by Puccinia and it was suggested that they may be an alternative to traditional chemical treatment.
Long-term follow-up of microvascular decompression for management of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Fayed Zeiad Yossry , Afify Hossam
Published: September 2022

Background

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is mostly caused by neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve and the root entry zone at the brain stem. Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been established as a standard treatment for trigeminal neuralgia in patients not adequately controlled by medications.

Objectives

Reporting the long-term outcome of MVD in our group of patients with follow-up period equal to or more than five years.

Patients and methods

Twenty-one patients operated by MVD for TN were followed up for at least five years, they were evaluated describing the patient criteria and operative findings, complications, and the long-term clinical outcome.

Results

Sixteen of the twenty-one patients had complete pain relief maintained for up to five years and three of them up to eight years. Two patients had significant improvement but with mild occasional pain not requiring medications only one of them had his occasional pain maintained till five years, three patients experienced persistent pain which was still there after five years one of them showed mild improvement in his pain after one year of follow-up. Complications were mild and/or transient most frequent were headache nausea and dizziness.

Conclusion

In the long-term follow-up, microvascular decompression still maintains its clinical benefit with most patients still pain free after at least five years and up to eight years. It is safe procedures and should be considered in every patient with failed medical treatment.
Life events and psychosis: case–control study from India, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Oloniniyi Ibidunni O. , Weiss Helen A. , John Sujit , Esan Oluyomi , Hibben Maia , Patel Vikram , Murray Robin M. , Cohen Alex , Hutchinson Gerard , Gureje Oye , Thara Rangaswamy , Morgan Craig , Roberts Tessa
Published: September 2022

Background

There is evidence of an association between life events and psychosis in Europe, North America and Australasia, but few studies have examined this association in the rest of the world.

Aims

To test the association between exposure to life events and psychosis in catchment areas in India, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago.

Method

We conducted a population-based, matched case–control study of 194 participants in India, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago. Cases were recruited through comprehensive population-based, case-finding strategies. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was used to measure life events. The Screening Schedule for Psychosis was used to screen for psychotic symptoms. The association between psychosis and having experienced life events (experienced or witnessed) was estimated by conditional logistic regression.

Results

There was no overall evidence of an association between psychosis and having experienced or witnessed life events (adjusted odds ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.62–2.28). We found evidence of effect modification by site (P = 0.002), with stronger evidence of an association in India (adjusted odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.03–2.34), inconclusive evidence in Nigeria (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 0.95–1.45) and evidence of an inverse association in Trinidad and Tobago (adjusted odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.97).

Conclusions

This study found no overall evidence of an association between witnessing or experiencing life events and psychotic disorder across three culturally and economically diverse countries. There was preliminary evidence that the association varies between settings.
Role of intratumoral and peritumoral CT radiomics for the prediction of EGFR gene mutation in primary lung cancer
Authors: Yamazaki Motohiko , Yagi Takuya , Tominaga Masaki , Minato Kojiro , Ishikawa Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To determine the added value of combining intratumoral and peritumoral CT radiomics for the prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in primary lung cancer (PLC).

Methods

This study included 478 patients with PLC (348 adenocarcinomas and 130 other histological types) who underwent surgical resection and EGFR gene testing. Two radiologists performed segmentation of tumors and peritumoral regions using precontrast high-resolution CT images, and 398 radiomic features (212 intra- and 186 peritumoral features) were extracted. The peritumoral region was defined as the lung parenchyma within a distance of 3 mm from the tumor border. Model performance was estimated using Random Forest, a machine-learning algorithm.

Results

EGFR mutations were found in 162 tumors; 161 adenocarcinomas, and one pleomorphic carcinoma. After exclusion of poorly reproducible and redundant features, 32 radiomic features remained (14 intra- and 18 peritumoral features) and were included in the model building. For predicting EGFR mutations, combining intra- and peritumoral radiomics significantly improved the performance compared to intratumoral radiomics alone (AUC [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve], 0.774 vs 0.730; p < 0.001). Even in adenocarcinomas only, adding peritumoral radiomics significantly increased performance (AUC, 0.687 vs 0.630; p < 0.001). The predictive performance using radiomics and clinical features was significantly higher than that of clinical features alone (AUC, 0.826 vs 0.777; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Combining intra- and peritumoral radiomics improves the predictive accuracy of EGFR mutations and could be used to aid in decision-making of whether to perform biopsy for gene tests.

Advances in knowledge

Adding peritumoral to intratumoral radiomics yields greater accuracy than intratumoral radiomics alone in predicting EGFR mutations and may serve as a non-invasive method of predicting of the gene status in PLC.
A CT-based pelvic calcification score in kidney transplant patients is a possible predictor of graft and overall survival
Authors: Žuža Iva , Dodig Doris , Brumini Ivan , Tokmadžić Dorian , Orlić Lidija , Zgrablić David , Vukelić Ivan , Gršković Antun , Katalinić Nataša , Jakšić Ante , Miletić Damir , Rački Sanjin , Markić Dean
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Computerized tomography (CT) is the most accurate method for evaluating pelvic calcifications, which are of utmost importance for planning kidney transplantation (KT). The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence and distribution of iliac artery calcifications and correlate the novel pelvic calcification score (PCS) with cardiovascular risk factors and graft and overall survival in KT patients.

Methods

We retrospectively included 118 KT patients operated at our institution with pretransplant pelvic CT. Calcification morphology, circumference and length of both common and external iliac arteries were independently scored by two uroradiologists. PCS was calculated as the total score sum of all three calcification features in all vessels. PCS correlation with graft and patient survival was performed.

Results

Calcification in at least one vascular segment was found in 79% of patients. PCS was significantly higher in male patients (p = 0.006), patients over 55 years (p < 0.001), and patients on haemodialysis (p = 0.016). Patients with a PCS >3 had significantly shorter graft and overall survival rates (p = 0.041 and p = 0.039, respectively).

Conclusions

The extent of iliac artery calcification in KT recipients quantified by PCS on pretransplant CT correlates with graft and overall patient survival. A PCS over three was associated with worse clinical outcomes and could become a possible prognostic factor.

Advances in knowledge

Our novel PCS is a robust method for quantifying iliac artery calcification burden. Since higher a PCS correlates with worse patient and graft survival, PCS has the potential to become a prognostic factor in kidney transplant patients.
Early-term outcomes of the pulmonary embolism response team
Authors: Ozen Yucel , Ugur Murat , Ozbek Ismail Cihan , Yalcinkaya Emre
Published: September 2022

Objective: Treatment of pulmonary embolism varies according to the different clinical presentations. Pulmonary embolism response teams (PERT) might improve outcomes of pulmonary embolism with faster evaluation and increased usage of advanced treatment methods. In this study, the effects of PERT for the treatment of pulmonary embolism were investigated.

Methods: In this retrospectively analyzed study, patients diagnosed with PE in our hospital between March 1st, 2019 and February 28th, 2022 were included. Patients’ medical records were evaluated according to the treatment procedures and early outcomes.

Results: Ninety-eight patients with pulmonary embolism were evaluated by the PERT during the study period. The mean age was 62.8+16.4 years and 59% were male. All patients with intermediate-low risk were treated medically. About 59.2% of the patients were hospitalized. The rate of catheter-directed thrombolysis was 37.8% (n=37). Systemic thrombolytic therapy was performed on two patients. One patient with a metastatic brain tumor was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin. Catheter-directed procedures were performed in 37 patients. The time from diagnosis to reperfusion was 243 minutes. There was one pericardial effusion and one mortality. In the 30-day follow- up there was no re-hospitalization and mortality.

Conclusion: PERT might help early triage and treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism. Experienced specialists in this team might contribute to clinical recovery by performing advanced treatment methods and decreasing the risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the long term.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6541

How to cite this:Ozen Y, Ugur M, Ozbek IC, Yalcinkaya E. Early-term outcomes of the pulmonary embolism response team. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6541

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Bad Touch in Childhood is associated with unexplained Gastroenteritis
Authors: Sultan Hina , Ghulam Ishaq
Published: September 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6854

How to cite this:Sultan H, Ishaq G. Bad Touch in Childhood is associated with unexplained Gastroenteritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6854
Snowfall and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Murree Pakistan
Authors: Meo Muhammad Zain Sultan , Sultan Meo Muhammad Omair , Meo Anusha Sultan
Published: September 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6936

How to cite this: Meo MZS, Meo MOS, Meo AS. Snowfall and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Murree Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6936
Is sexual identity associated with the risk of premature ejaculation?
Authors: Grabski Bartosz , Kasparek Krzysztof , Kania Zofia , Koziara Karolina
Published: September 2022

Cel pracy

Część badań sugeruje, że tożsamość homoseksualna może być związana ze zmniejszonym, w stosunku do heteroseksualnej, ryzykiem rozpoznania wytrysku przedwczesnego (WP). Celem badania było u sprawdzenie takiego związku wraz z eksploracją możliwych odpowiedzialnych za niego mechanizmów.

Metoda

W prezentowanym badaniu wykorzystano bazę danych uzyskaną w ramach przekrojowego, internetowego badania dotyczącego seksualności polskich mężczyzn heteroseksualnych (MH; N = 1121), homoseksualnych (MG; N = 1789) i biseksualnych (MB; N = 743). Zmienną zależną było rozpoznanie WP postawione na podstawie wyniku kwestionariusza PEDT. Zmiennymi wyjaśniającymi były: charakterystyka wzorców seksualnych i partnerskich, zdrowie, a w grupie MG i MB stres mniejszościowy. Przeprowadzono statystyczne analizy jedno- i wieloczynnikowe.

Wyniki

Tożsamość homoseksualna okazała się być niezależnym negatywnym predyktorem rozpoznania WP. Preferowanie insertywnej aktywności penetracyjnej (w tym pochwowej), lęk zadaniowy i trudności finansowe zwiększały ryzyko WP, z kolei doświadczenie insertywnych i receptywnych form seksu oralnego i analnego, ale nie pochwowego, wyższy poziom wykształcenia, lepsze ogólne funkcjonowanie seksualne i regularna aktywność fizyczna takie ryzyko zmniejszały. Znaczenie predykcyjne tożsamości homoseksualnej zanikło w modelach wieloczynnikowych w grupie mężczyzn w związkach.

Wnioski

Tożsamość homoseksualna związana jest z niższym ryzykiem rozpoznania WP. Może to wynikać z odmienności seksualności MG i MH oraz innych czynników psychospołecznych.
Potential health benefits from coffee consumption
Authors: Perszke Michał , Egierska Dominika
Published: September 2022

The history of coffee goes back to the 10th century. Currently, coffee is a widespread drink, with recent studies reporting a global consumption of 164,9 million 60-kg bags in 2020/2021. The effect of coffee on human health has been studied for many years. The active ingredients of coffee include polyphenols, lactones, diterpenes, niacin, the trigonelline (vitamin B3 precursor), magnesium and potassium. Potential factors that could change its properties include the type of beans, the roasting process, the grinding process and the brewing process. Authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar using searchterms coffee, cardiovascular system disease, CVD, type II diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and caffeine. We manually searched the references of selected articles for additional relevant articles. We selected articles relevant to a general medicine readership, prioritizing systematic reviews, cases and clinical practice guidelines. The literature contains the latest reports on the impact of coffee on human health, including cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Drinking coffee may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, because of the caffeine blocking A1 and A2A receptors. It may also contribute to decreasing the risk of type II diabetes, increasing the secretion of GLP-1 and increasing the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. The influence of coffee on the development of Alzheimer’s disease is still being investigated. Coffee is a common drink for many people, so you should know its impact on human health. Contrary to appearances, coffee may have many health-promoting properties.
Integration and adaptation of English loan words in the Ukrainian language
Authors:   Higher Educational Establishment of Ukoopspilka ", Opanasenko Viktoriia ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade"
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the process of borrowing and adaptation of English loan words in the Ukrainian language. It is established that in the lexical system of the Ukrainian language foreign words make up about 10%, 70 – 80% of which are English loan words. The presence of a significant share of English loan words in the Ukrainian language is due to a number of extra- and intralinguistic factors: the development of economic, cultural and political ties; quantitative and qualitative complication of various spheres of language communication; diversity of norms of speech behavior; expansion of regulatory limits; achievements of English-speaking countries in certain fields of activity; striving for linguistic economy; the need to replenish the composition of expressive language means; the need to clarify and detail the concepts available in the language; «Americanization»; imitation of fashion. The study systematizes English loan words in the Ukrainian language and distributes them by spheres of use (sociopolitical, financial and economic, culture and art, technical, mass communication, sports, science, and education). Three stages in the process of adaptation of English loan words into the Ukrainian language are distinguished: 1) the initial stage, which is characterized by a change in the morpheme structure of English loan words; 2) in-depth, related to the selection of the same components in groups of English loan words based on the similarity of final elements and the development of new suffixes of English origin in the Ukrainian language; 3) the stage of full adaptation, which is characterized by participation of English loan words in the process of word formation through the mediation of Ukrainian language suffixes, the formation of new complex words based on English loan words and Ukrainian or previously borrowed words, as well as the consolidation of the spelling form of complex words. It is established that the inclusion of English loan words in the lexical structure of the Ukrainian language and their active use in oral and written speech leads to the formation of synonymous pairs containing proper Ukrainian counterparts.