bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations on passive direct methanol fuel cell using variable membrane electrode assembly dynamic regions by altering gasket shapes
Authors: N.V. Raghavaiah , G. Naga Srinivasulu
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (PDMFC) experimentally using various Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) shapes such as square, rectangle, rhombus, and circle with equal areas and equal perimeters. The variation in MEA shape/size is achieved by altering gasket openings in the dynamic regions.

Design/methodology/approach

In the equal areas of MEA shapes, gasket opening areas of 1963.5 (+/−0.2) mm2 are used. Whereas in the equal perimeters of shapes, gasket opening perimeters of 157.1 (+/−0.2) mm are used. In this experimentation, Nickel-201 current collectors with 45.3% of circular openings are used on both the anode and cathode sides. The experiment is carried out at a 5 molar methanol concentration to find out the highest power density of the cell.

Findings

In the equal areas, among the shapes that are chosen for investigation, the square shape opening consisting of a perimeter of 177.2 mm has developed a maximum power density of 6.344 mWcm−2 and a maximum current density of 65.2 mAcm−2. Similarly, in equal perimeters, the rhombus shape opening with an area of 1400 mm2 has developed a maximum power density of 7.714 mWcm−2 and a maximum current density of 85.3 mAcm−2.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research work is instead of fabricating various shapes and sizes of highly expensive MEAs, the desired shapes and sizes of the MEA are achieved by altering gasket openings over dynamic regions to find out the highest power density of the cell.
Promoting the person-centred aspects of dignity and well-being: learning from older persons’ experiences of living in residential care facilities
Authors: Roos Charlotte , Swall Anna , Marmstål Hammar Lena , Boström Anne-Marie , Skytt Bernice
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Dignity and well-being are key aspects of the legislation and policies that regulate care of older persons worldwide. In addition, care of older persons should be person-centred. Dignity and well-being are described as results of person-centred care (PCC). The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of important aspects for older persons to experience dignity and well-being in residential care facilities (RCFs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study had a qualitative approach, and individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 older persons living in RCFs. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Findings

To experience dignity and well-being older persons emphasized the importance of preserving their identity. To do this, it was important to be able to manage daily life, to gain support and influence and to belong to a social context. However, the findings indicate a need for improvements.

Practical implications

Insights into older persons’ experiences of important aspects for experiencing dignity and well-being in RCFs can be used by first-line managers and registered nurses when designing improvement strategies to promote PCC.

Originality/value

Dignity and well-being are described as results of PCC. The findings provide an understanding of what older persons perceive as important for experiencing dignity and well-being in RCFs. The findings are useful when designing improvement strategies to promote PCC.
Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling
Authors: Luo Min , Moorhead Daryl L. , Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Mueller Carsten W. , Ying Samantha C. , Chen Ji
Published: September 2022

Increased human‐derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem‐level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro‐organisms adopt a series of P‐acquisition strategies to offset N loading‐induced P limitation. Many of these strategies impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by plants and soil micro‐organisms; however, it remains unclear how P‐acquisition strategies affect soil C cycling. Herein, we review the literature on the effects of N loading on P limitation and outline a conceptual overview of how plant and microbial P‐acquisition strategies may affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.

Excessive input of N significantly enhances plant biomass production, soil acidification, and produces plant litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate ecosystem‐level P limitation.

Long‐term N loading can cause plants and soil micro‐organisms to alter their functional traits to increase P acquisition. Plants can release carboxylate exudates and phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate the formation of symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate the abundance of P‐mineralizing and P‐solubilizing micro‐organisms. Releasing carboxylate exudates and phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing symbiotic associations and root morphological traits (e.g. an increase in fine root length) may contribute to higher SOC stabilization. Increased relative abundances of P‐mineralizing and P‐solubilizing bacteria can accelerate P mining and SOC decay, which may decrease microbial C use efficiency and subsequently lower SOC sequestration.

The trade‐offs between different plant P‐acquisition strategies under N loading should be among future research priorities due to their cascading impacts on soil C storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for P adaption to increased N loading is important because P‐acquisition strategies are effective when N loading is below the N threshold. Moreover, understanding the response of P‐acquisition strategies at different levels of native soil N availability could provide insight to divergent P‐acquisition strategies across sites and ecosystems. Altogether, P‐acquisition strategies should be explicitly considered in Earth System Models to generate more realistic predictions of the effects of N loading on soil C cycling.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
SIRT1 targeted by miR‐211‐5p regulated proliferation and apoptosis of Dex‐treated growth plate chondrocytes via mediating SOX2
Authors: Cheng Deliang , Zhang Lijun , Liang Xiaoju
Published: September 2022

Dexamethasone (Dex) is reported to cause bone growth retardation in children, which is associated with the increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in chondrocyte function and homeostasis. Thus, we further explored the regulatory mechanism of SIRT1 in Dex‐induced growth plate chondrocyte dysfunction. SIRT1 expression was detected in Dex‐treated growth plate chondrocytes using RT‐qPCR and western blot assay. The modulation of SIRT1 on SOX2 expression was evaluated. Besides, we identified that SIRT1 was targeted by miR‐211‐5p using TargetScan and RNA pull‐down assay. A loss‐of‐function assay was performed to evaluate the effects of miR‐211‐5p on Dex‐induced growth plate chondrocyte dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. We found that SIRT1 was downregulated in Dex‐treated growth plate chondrocytes. The expression of SOX2 was upregulated by overexpression SIRT1. Meanwhile, downregulation of SOX2 weakened the positive function of SIRT1 overexpression on Dex‐induced growth plate chondrocytes dysfunction. Subsequently, we confirmed that SIRT1 was targeted by miR‐211‐5p. MiR‐211‐5p inhibitor increased the expression levels of SIRT1 and SOX2, and restored the Dex‐treated growth plate chondrocyte function. Animal assays further demonstrated that the effects of miR‐211‐5p on the growth plate chondrogenesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that SIRT1 exerts a protective effect on growth plate chondrocyte under Dex stimulation. MiR‐211‐5p/SIRT1/SOX2 axis regulates the process of Dex‐inhibited growth plate chondrogenesis.
Review: A comprehensive overview of studies related to the ecology and genetics of Fagus crenata Blume (Siebold's beech, Japanese beech) at the species' northernmost range limit
Authors: Kitamura Keiko , Matsui Tetsuya , Kobayashi Makoto , Namikawa Kanji
Published: September 2022

Temperate forest species, including Fagus crenata Blume, have been experiencing distributional shifts during the climate oscillation throughout the Holocene epoch. This review describes the distinctive context of F. crenata populations at the northern range from the perspective of past distribution shifts, future expansion predictions, biotic and abiotic interactions in population establishment, forest vegetation characteristics, and genetic diversity during the expansion process. The current northern distribution limit of F. crenata is in southern Hokkaido and Okushiri Islands. Since 1900, a dozen of northern limit hypotheses has advocated the presence of restriction factors; however, the species shows signs of expanding its habitat northward at present. The current northern limit is not determined by physiological limitations because of the fact that artificial plantations of F. crenata grow well beyond its range. Several studies regarding climate scenarios have predicted species persistence in the future. Sociological studies revealed that a decline in vegetation units is observed from the southern to the northern populations on the Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido. Also, vegetation on Okushiri Island includes remnants of warm temperate flora indicating a physiographic constraint of the F. crenata forest on the island, reflecting a past distributional shift. Most of the current northern marginal populations were revealed to be established at the time of large forest disturbance. The genetic diversity of local populations has been lost during the northward distribution shift due to the founder effect in the colonizing process. Then, the gene flow from rearward populations has dwindled by the completion of the population establishment.
Inclusive practices for dyslexic language learners: an intervention study in the Greek EFL setting
Authors: Reraki Maria
Published: September 2022

Although research has shown that 1 out of 10 learners might have a learning difficulty such as dyslexia, there is still a dearth of evidence on the teaching approaches that can support dyslexic learners in language settings. The present study explores the impact of inclusive practices (dyslexia‐friendly), on dyslexic and non‐dyslexic pupils in classes where English is taught as a Foreign Language (EFL). The context is Greek primary education. Data from interviews, observations and focus groups were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention to explore potential changes in all EFL pupils' motivation and performance and establish the nature of these. Although positive changes were shown in the motivation of both groups (dyslexic and non‐dyslexic pupils) fewer gains were shown in their performance. Findings suggest that evidence‐based interventions can enrich the field of inclusion for language learners with dyslexia and pose the need for inclusive developments in the context of language pedagogy.
ARCHITECTURE AS SOCIAL LABORATORY: Modernity, Cultural Revival, and Architectural Experiment in Peri‐urban China
Authors: Qian Junxi , Lu Yanheng
Published: September 2022

This article engages with the emerging scholarship on experiments in urban and regional contexts to investigate an architectural experiment overseen by Wang Shu, a renowned Chinese architect, in Wencun Village, a peri‐urban village on the fringe of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. In particular, we examine how architectural projects are mobilized to provide a solution to rural decline amidst deepening urban–rural integration. Architecture is supposed to generate knowledge about the relationships between built forms and positive social and cultural changes, in this case involving the revival of rural cultures and identities. Empirically, this article provides a novel study that investigates culture‐based interventions into the revival of peri‐urban regions in the context of intensifying urban–rural interactions. Theoretically, it contributes to the study of experiments in urban and regional contexts by, on the one hand, correcting the urban bias inherent in this corpus and arguing for the relevance of experiment to peri‐urban and rural contexts. On the other hand, while this study reaffirms the importance of using relatively bounded sites of study and controlled parameters to produce plausible knowledge about regional transformation, it equally calls for attention to the contingencies and surprises that exceed and destabilize preconceived theories, epistemological frameworks and hypotheses.
Interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy in children with vascular malformations: Our initial experience in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Yick Ting , Leung Yvonne Chi Lun , Fung Hon Shing , Poon Wai Lun , Yuen Hunter Kwok Lai , Leung Michael Wai Yip
Published: September 2022

Background

Vascular malformations represent a wide spectrum of disorders in children. Recently, interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for selected cases of vascular malformation in children and adults.

Aim

To evaluate the short‐term outcome and safety of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy in children with vascular malformations.

Methods

This is a retrospective study in which patients under 18 years old with vascular malformation undergoing bleomycin sclerotherapy between August 2019 and January 2022 in Hong Kong were included. Relevant demographics of the included patients were collected. Short‐term outcomes including clinical response, immediate and early complications were evaluated.

Results

Four patients who aged from 4 to 8 years old were identified, three with lymphatic malformation and one with arteriovenous malformation. A total of eight sessions of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy were performed. Three of them reported clinical response with either reduction in lesion size or reduction in discomfort or disfigurement. No immediate complication was reported. However, one of them experienced post‐operative hyperpigmentation with scratch marks.

Conclusion

The experience in the use of interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy in children with vascular malformations is still limited in our locality. Further study with larger cohorts and longer follow‐up is required to further establish its efficacy and safety profile in paediatric patients.
Association between fear of falling and a history of falls in patients with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis
Authors: de Jesus Luciana Angélica da Silva , Pinheiro Bruno Valle , de Oliveira Ana Carla , Suassuna Lucas Fernandes , Silva Bárbara Lima , de Paula Rogério Baumgratz , Lucinda Leda Marília Fonseca , Oliveira Cristino Carneiro , Reboredo Maycon Moura
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Hemodialysis patients have complications that increase fear of falling (FOF). This study evaluated the association between FOF and a retrospective history of falls in hemodialysis patients and investigated the ability of the Fall Efficacy Scale—International (FES‐I) to discriminate fallers from nonfallers.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted with 183 patients to investigate the history of falls in the last 12 months and to evaluate FOF by the FES‐I.

Results

The univariate linear regression model showed that the FES‐I score was significantly associated with a history of falls (p = 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounders, this association remained significant (R2 = 0.19, p < 0.001). The FES‐I score showed an area under the curve of 0.660 with a cutoff point of 25 (sensitivity—61.8%; specificity—62.2%).

Conclusion

FOF was associated with a history of falls in the 12‐month period in hemodialysis patients, and FOF assessed by the FES‐I was able to discriminate fallers from nonfallers.
Formation and molecular dynamics simulation of inclusion complex of large‐ring cyclodextrin and 4‐terpineol
Authors: Cao Chuan , Deng Changyue , Hu Jinwei , Zhou Yibin
Published: September 2022

In the present study, the formation and structure of the inclusion compound of large‐ring cyclodextrin and 4‐terpineol were obtained through different experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The analysis of FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and thermodynamic results confirmed the formation of clathrates. Analysis of molecular structure (root‐mean‐square deviation and radius of gyration), solubility, and interaction energy (Coul, H bond) based on MD simulations further clarified the nature of the clathrate and the conformational changes caused by guest molecules as well as inclusion complexes process trends. The inclusion complex reportedly has a new crystal structure with improved thermal stability.

Practical Application

This is the first work to demonstrate the complex formation between 4‐terpineol and large‐ring cyclodextrin by molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes theoretically. Conformational changes of the molecules and the formation of complexes with improved thermal stability were observed. Complexing with large‐ring cyclodextrin can be used as an effective means to encapsulate the aroma/flavor compounds.
Determinants of quality of life and hand function among people with hand osteoarthritis
Authors: Pathmanathan Cinthuja , Deveza Leticia A. , Robbins Sarah R. , Duong Vicky , Venkatesha Venkatesha , Hunter David J.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The objectives of this study are to ascertain the determinants of quality of life (QoL) and hand function among persons with hand osteoarthritis (OA) and to assess the influence of hand function on QoL among persons with OA.

Methodology

Two hundred and four participants in a clinical trial completed the baseline assessment. Demographic, socioeconomic, QoL (AqoL‐4D), hand function (Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis, FIHOA), pain assessment, radiographic and clinical characteristics of participants were measured using standard methods. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate potential associations.

Results

We studied 204 participants (76% female, age 65.63 ± 8.13 years, body mass index 28.7 ± 6.5 kg/m2) with hand OA. The mean pain score of the participants on a visual analog scale was 57.8 (SD ±13.6). There was a significant, negative moderate correlation between hand function and QoL scores except for the sense domain score. Global assessment, household income and serious illness were associated with QoL (P < .001) and explained 18% of the variance of the QoL. Pain scale, Patient Global Assessment, Mental Health Score, grip strength and cyst index were associated with hand function score and explained 26% of the variance of hand function.

Conclusion

The results indicate increasing impairment in hand function decreases the QoL of persons with hand OA. Some determinants were significantly associated with hand function and QoL. Determinants related to hand functions may be modifiable. In future, appropriate intervention strategies should be implemented, and further studies should be conducted to identify the effectiveness of those interventions.
Potential benefit of dose‐escalated stereotactic body radiation therapy using CyberKnife for early‐stage primary lung cancer
Authors: Watanabe Shou , Yamazaki Hideya , Kimoto Takuya , Shiomi Hiroya , Yamada Kei , Suzuki Gen
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dose‐escalated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for primary lung cancer.

Methods

Patients with peripherally located T1‐2N0M0 primary lung cancer who underwent SBRT from April 2013 to December 2019 were included. Group A received 60 Gy in five fractions with CyberKnife prescribed at 99% gross tumor volume. Group B received 48 Gy in four fractions by a gantry‐mounted linear accelerator, with isocenter prescription. Cumulative incidence of local failure (LF), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity were retrospectively compared.

Results

Groups A and B comprised 39 and 36 patients, respectively. Group A had more patients without histological confirmation (p < .001) and showed lower V20 of bilateral lungs (p = .025). The median follow‐up duration of Group A and B was 22.0 and 21.5 months, respectively, and the 2‐year cumulative incidence of LF, PFS, and OS were .0% versus 11.6% (p = .065), 66.2% versus 62.7% (p = .694), 84.1% versus 81.1% (p = .827), respectively. There was no difference in Grade ≥ 2 toxicity rate between Groups A and B (7.7% vs. 11.1%; p = .704).

Conclusion

Dose‐escalated SBRT using CyberKnife showed reduced lung dose and potential benefits for improved local control with comparable toxicity.
Navigating the space between co‐design and mahitahi: Building bridges between knowledge systems on behalf of communities
Authors: Rolleston Anna K. , Korohina Erina , McDonald Marama
Published: September 2022

Aims

To provide knowledge and recommendations for researchers, health professionals and policymakers on navigating between science and mātauranga (knowledge) Māori when using co‐design methodologies.

Context

It is well known that the health system in Aotearoa/New Zealand does not provide culturally responsive services, programmes or approaches. Indigenous, remote and vulnerable populations that are not well served by medical and scientific models would be better served by the underlying premise of co‐design methodology. However, co‐design is a Western methodology. Mahitahi is presented here as a culturally responsive method of co‐design that builds approaches by utilising the worldview of the people that the health system most needs to have impact upon. Co‐design and mahitahi have synergies, and working at the interface between Western and Māori knowledge systems can provide innovative solutions that draw on the strengths of both approaches.

Approach

Authors will outline the benefit co‐design processes have for improving health outcomes for remote and vulnerable populations. Mahitahi will be described and the synergies with co‐design emphasised with important distinctions also highlighted. The use of Indigenous knowledge systems, using Māori as the case example, will be outlined.

Conclusion

Recommendations will be provided to guide researchers, health professionals and policy makers when planning a co‐design approach with remote and vulnerable communities.
Parent‐like spokesperson for campaigning an anti‐plastic straw movement to young adults: Is it effective?
Authors: Suci Afred , Wang Hui Chih , Doong Her Sen
Published: September 2022

Parental communication is still relatively meaningful in Asian families with hierarchical, vertical, and authoritative relationships. Meanwhile, children's pro‐environmental behaviour in emerging Asian nations tends to be passive, leading to a need for intervention from the closest parties, often the parent, whose familial role in green communication has not been examined. This study uses social learning theory to examine the interplay of parent‐like spokespeople and message appeals in affecting young adults' cognitive and emotional responses, which is expected to influence the ad liking and believability of green advertisements and switching intention to green products, such as eco‐friendly straws. A laboratory experiment was conducted with 240 subjects. The results showed that the frame of a father‐like figure conveying a hope appeal generated the greatest enthusiasm and argument quality for young adults. Mother‐like figures speaking a fearful message frame were the best generator for young adults' anger and threat appraisal. Ad liking was significantly impacted only by a mother‐like spokesperson who spoke a fearful appeal mediated by anger and a father‐like spokesperson who delivered a hope appeal mediated by argument quality. Young adults' willingness to switch to eco‐friendly straws was indirectly influenced by the interaction effect of a mother‐like spokesperson and fear appeal type mediated by ad believability.
Prevention of mastitis in multiparous dairy cows with a previous history of mastitis by oral feeding with probiotic Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Urakawa Megumi , Zhuang Tao , Sato Hidetoshi , Takanashi Satoru , Yoshimura Kozue , Endo Yuma , Katsura Teppei , Umino Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Koutaro , Watanabe Hitoshi , Kobayashi Hiroko , Takada Naokazu , Kozutsumi Tomoyuki , Kumagai Hiroaki , Asano Takafumi , Sazawa Kohko , Ashida Nobuhisa , Zhao Guoqi , Rose Michael T. , Kitazawa Haruki , Shirakawa Hitoshi , Watanabe Kouichi , Nochi Tomonori , Nakamura Takehiko , Aso Hisashi
Published: September 2022

Mastitis is a very common inflammatory disease of the mammary gland of dairy cows, resulting in a reduction of milk production and quality. Probiotics may serve as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent mastitis, and the use of probiotics in this way may lessen the risk of antibiotic resistant bacteria developing. We investigated the effect of oral feeding of probiotic Bacillus subtilis (BS) C‐3102 strain on the onset of mastitis in dairy cows with a previous history of mastitis. BS feeding significantly decreased the incidence of mastitis, the average number of medication days and the average number of days when milk was discarded, and maintained the mean SCC in milk at a level substantially lower than the control group. BS feeding was associated with lower levels of cortisol and TBARS and increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells and CD11c+ CD172ahigh dendritic cells in the blood by flow cytometry analysis. Parturition increased the migrating frequency of granulocytes toward a milk chemoattractant cyclophilin A in the control cows, however, this was reduced by BS feeding, possibly indicating a decreased sensitivity of peripheral granulocytes to cyclophilin A. These results reveal that B. subtilis C‐3102 has potential as a probiotic and has preventative capacity against mastitis in dairy cows.
Experiences of cognitive training on primary breast cancer survivor's cognitive impairments at work: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Chapman Bethany , Derakshan Nazanin , Grunfeld Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Cancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is associated with adverse work‐related outcomes in women living with a history of primary breast cancer. We explored the perceived impact of receiving adaptive cognitive training (dual n‐back training) or active control training (dual 1‐back training) on CRCI. Furthermore, we explored the perceived transfer effects of cognitive training on work‐related self‐management methods for cognitive impairment and work‐related outcomes such as career development.

Design

Longitudinal qualitative study.

Methods

A ‘framework’ analysis approach was used to analyse semi‐structured telephone interviews completed by women with a history of primary breast cancer before training (N = 40), one month (N = 30) and six months (N = 29) post‐training.

Results

Four main themes were identified: (1) impact of cognitive impairment at work, (2) perceived impact of cognitive training on impaired cognitive function, (3) perceived effects of training on work‐related self‐management methods for cognitive impairment and (4) perceived impact on women's career development and progression. Compared to baseline, women who received adaptive dual n‐back training reported sustained improvement in multiple cognitive domains including memory and attention up to six months post‐training when the follow‐up interviews were conducted. Perceived improvements in cognitive function were associated with greater self‐confidence and better emotional well‐being in work. These improvements were found to lower dependency on self‐management methods for cognitive impairment and enhance effectiveness as well as prompt career development or progression for many women. Although some findings of a similar nature were reported in the active control dual 1‐back training group the perceived effects were more pronounced and consistent in the dual n‐back group.

Conclusions

Adaptive cognitive training (dual n‐back training) improves perceived CRCI experienced by women in the workplace, enhancing their self‐confidence and general emotional well‐being. These perceived improvements, in turn, can decrease reliance on self‐management methods for cognitive impairment and improve work efficiency and contribute to career development and progression.
Exploring the social dynamics of urban regeneration: A qualitative analysis of community members' experiences
Authors: Heath Stacey C. , Rabinovich Anna , Barreto Manuela
Published: September 2022

The present paper explores psychological processes that underpin the success of community change in the context of urban regeneration schemes. We adopt a social identity approach to develop an understanding of the ways in which social identity dynamics may impact upon peoples' experiences of regeneration, and what influence these identity processes have on the creation of new communities. Qualitative interviews, using thematic analysis as an analytic technique, were conducted with community members (n = 14) in a recently (2001–2011) regenerated area in the South‐West of England. Three overarching themes were identified: Patterns of identification, willingness to engage, and the notion of regeneration as an event. The research overall highlights the central role of group‐based identity in understanding the processes of regeneration and how this is experienced by different community members. Findings are discussed in relation to the impact regeneration schemes have on community members' sense of collective self, unity, and engagement. The research highlights the pivotal role of social identity processes in delivering successful and sustainable strategies of urban regeneration.
Marked oestrous cycle‐dependent regulation of rat arterial KV7.4 channels driven by GPER1
Authors: Baldwin Samuel N. , Forrester Elizabeth A. , Homer Natalie Z. M. , Andrew Ruth , Barrese Vincenzo , Stott Jennifer B. , Isakson Brant E. , Albert Anthony P. , Greenwood Iain A.
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose

Kcnq‐encoded KV7 channels (termed KV7.1–5) regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractility at rest and as targets of receptor‐mediated responses. However, the current data are mostly derived from males. Considering the known effects of sex, the oestrous cycle and sex hormones on vascular reactivity, here we have characterised the molecular and functional properties of KV7 channels from renal and mesenteric arteries from female Wistar rats separated into di‐oestrus and met‐oestrus (F‐D/M) and pro‐oestrus and oestrus (F‐P/E).

Experimental Approach

RT‐qPCR, immunocytochemistry, proximity ligation assay and wire myography were performed in renal and mesenteric arteries. Circulating sex hormone concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Whole‐cell electrophysiology was undertaken on cells expressing KV7.4 channels in association with G‐protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER1).

Key Results

The KV7.2–5 activators S‐1 and ML213 and the pan‐KV7 inhibitor linopirdine were more effective in arteries from F‐D/M compared with F‐P/E animals. In VSMCs isolated from F‐P/E rats, exploratory evidence indicates reduced membrane abundance of KV7.4 but not KV7.1, KV7.5 and Kcne4 when compared with cells from F‐D/M. Plasma oestradiol was higher in F‐P/E compared with F‐D/M, and progesterone showed the converse pattern. Oestradiol/GPER1 agonist G‐1 diminished KV7.4 encoded currents and ML213 relaxations and reduced the membrane abundance of KV7.4 and interaction between KV7.4 and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), in arteries from F‐D/M but not F‐P/E.

Conclusions and Implications

GPER1 signalling decreased KV7.4 membrane abundance in conjunction with diminished interaction with HSP90, giving rise to a ‘pro‐contractile state’.
Multiomics analyses and machine learning of nuclear receptor coactivator 6 reveal its essential role in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fang Yinghao , Xu Yuyan , Liao Wei , Ji Tao , Yu Linyuan , Li Longhai , Pan Mingxin , Yang Dinghua
Published: September 2022

Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), a coactivator of numerous nuclear receptors and transcription factors, regulates multiple critical cellular functions. Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 is dysregulated in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its role remains largely unknown. Here we reported that NCOA6 was highly expressed in HCC compared to the adjacent liver tissue, and NCOA6 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor HCC prognosis. Experiments revealed that the knockdown of NCOA6 damaged the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Multiomics and immune infiltration analyses showed a close relationship between NCOA6 expression, multiple cancer‐related malignant pathways, and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Finally, we established an effective NCOA6‐related microRNA (miRNA) signature to distinguish HCC from hepatitis\liver cirrhosis patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of NCOA6 expression in HCC. We found that NCOA6 plays an important role in HCC development and has a potential mechanism of action. Establishing an NCOA6‐related miRNA signature will help develop novel diagnostic strategies for HCC patients.
N6‐methyladenosine‐modified HOTAIRM1 promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation in glioma
Authors: Wu Zhangyi , Lin Yihai , Wei Nan
Published: September 2022

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has been reported to accelerate angiogenesis in malignant tumors, yet the mechanism underlying VM has not been fully elucidated. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) mainly modulates mRNA fate and affects multiple tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate m6A‐modified HOXA transcript antisense RNA myeloid‐specific 1 (HOTAIRM1) in the regulation of glioma‐associated VM formation. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT‐PCR. Cell viability, metastases, and VM formation capacity were determined by CCK‐8, migration and invasion, as well as tube formation assays, respectively. The function and mechanisms of m6A‐modified HOTAIRM1 were defined through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry m6A quantification, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA stability assays, and RNA pull‐down experiments. A glioma xenograft mouse model was further established for VM evaluation in vivo. The results showed that HOTAIRM1, methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) were upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. HOTAIRM1 functions as an oncogene in glioma progression; however, knockdown of HOTAIRM1 significantly reduced cell viability, migration, invasion, and VM formation. Notably, METTL3‐dependent m6A modification enhanced HOTAIRM1 mRNA stability, whereas knockdown of METTL3 deficiency significantly suppressed VM in glioma. Moreover, HOTAIRM1 was found to bind IGFBP2, and HOTAIRM1 deficiency blocked glioma progression and VM formation in vivo. Our results indicated that METTL3‐dependent m6A‐modified HOTAIRM1 promoted VM formation in glioma.
The expression of miR‐181b, CYLD, CBX‐7, BCL2, and p53 in osteosarcoma patients and correlation with clinicopathological factors
Authors: Fazli Jafar , Fattah Khashayar , Moliani Afshin , Valizadeh Amir , Bazavar Mohammadreza
Published: September 2022

Osteosarcoma is a common human malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. Recent studies have been focused on understanding the involvement of microRNA (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure the expression levels of miR‐181a, cylindromatosis (CYLD), chromo box homolog 7 (CBX7), B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and tumor protein p53 in tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissues in patients with osteosarcoma and its relationship with clinicopathological factors. The expression levels of miR‐181a, CYLD, CBX7, BCL2, and p53 were measured in 60 patients with osteosarcoma using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, we compared the relationship between these gene levels and clinicopathological factors in tumor and healthy tissues. Our results showed that the expression levels of miR‐181a, BCL2, and p53 were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissue in comparison with normal tissues (p < .05). On the contrary, CYLD and CBX7 were downregulated in osteosarcoma tumor tissues compared to adjacent healthy tissues (p < .05). In addition, the expression levels of miR‐181a in tumor tissues were strongly correlated with patients' age, tumor size, clinical stage, cancer grade, and lymph node metastasis (p < .05). Our findings highlight new insights into understanding the role of miR‐181a in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. However, further studies are needed to elucidate miRNA as therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
An in vitro assessment of the thermoreversible PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA copolymer: Implications for Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Tint Naing L. , Cheng Kelvin K. W. , Dhillon Amritpaul S. , Keane Pearse A. , Alexander Philip , Kennedy David , Chau David Y. S. , Rose Felicity R. A. J. , Allan Bruce D. S.
Published: September 2022

Background

To explore the use of a thermoreversible copolymer gel coating to prevent donor tissue scrolling in Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods

PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA triblock copolymer was synthesised via ring opening polymerisation. Two formulations were fabricated and gelation properties characterised using rheological analyses. Endothelial cytotoxicity of the copolymer was assessed using a Trypan Blue exclusion assay. Thickness of the copolymer gel coating on the endothelial surface was analysed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) (RTVue‐100, Optovue Inc.). Gold nanoparticles were added to the copolymer to aid visualisation using OCT. Prevention of Descemet membrane donor scrolling was represented via a novel, in vitro, immersion of copolymer coated donor graft material.

Results

Two different formulations of PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA copolymer were successfully fabricated and the desired peak gelling temperature of 24°C was achieved by polymer blending. Application of 20%, 30% and 40% (wt/vol) polymer concentrations resulted in a statistically significant increase in polymer thickness on the endothelium (p < 0.001). There was no detectable endothelial cytotoxicity. The polymer was easy to apply to the endothelium and prevented scrolling of the DMEK graft.

Conclusion

This PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA thermoreversible copolymer gel could be exploited as a therapeutic aid for preventing DMEK graft scrolling.
Characteristics and prognosis analysis of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Wang Yingjun , Xiong Wenping , Sun Xiao , Liu Wenwen , Fan Zhaomin , Wang Haibo , Wang Mingming
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of simultaneous and sequential bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (Si‐BSSNHL and Se‐BSSNHL, respectively).

Design

Retrospective case–control study.

Setting

A single tertiary referral centre.

Participants

Patients diagnosed with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (USSNHL), Si‐BSSNHL, or Se‐BSSNHL between September 2018 and November 2019.

Main outcome measures

Demographic and clinical characteristics, audiological features, laboratory results and hearing recovery were analysed for intergroup comparisons. Prognostic factors for BSSNHL were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic analyses between the overall and no‐recovery groups.

Results

Compared to the USSNHL group, a larger final pure‐tone average (PTA) (H = 38.0 and 53.8, respectively, both adjusted p‐value (p adj) <.05), lower hearing gain (H = −70.8 and − 74.6, respectively, both p adj <.001) and higher homocysteine levels (H = 46.8, 58.8, respectively, both p adj <.05) were observed in the Si‐BSSNHL and Se‐BSSNHL groups, while the rate of positive vestibular tests and proportion of tinnitus were lower in the Se‐BSSNHL group (χ2 = 8.5 and 38.1, respectively, both p adj <0.05). The USSNHL group showed a significant difference in the degree of deafness and therapeutic outcome in the Se‐BSSNHL and Si‐BSSNHL groups, respectively (χ2 = 12.4, p adj <.05; χ2 = 13.6; p adj <.05). Hypertension (95% confidence interval, 1.014–28.623, p < .05) and onset days (95% confidence interval, 0.007–0.626, p < .05) were associated with the therapeutic effects of BSSNHL.

Conclusions

Higher homocysteine levels in BSSNHL may implicate microvascular disorders as a causative factor of BSSNHL. Hypertension and onset days were associated with the prognosis of BSSNHL.
Quantitative tools and measurements for assessing the implementation of regulatory policies in reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related harms: A scoping review
Authors: Jankhotkaew Jintana , Casswell Sally , Huckle Taisia , Chaiyasong Surasak , Phonsuk Payao
Published: September 2022

Issues

Implementation of alcohol control policy is a global priority as alcohol contributes to negative individual health and societal impacts. However, there are no available reviews that comprehensively provide tools and measurements for assessing the implementation of alcohol control policy. This study reviews tools and measurements for assessing alcohol policy implementation. Policies considered include alcohol pricing and taxation, alcohol marketing control, physical availability control and drink‐driving policy.

Approach

We conducted a scoping review from Scopus, Web of Science and the World Health Organization's website. We included studies on policy implementation for the four most effective prevention policies published worldwide between 2000 and 2021.

Key Findings

The search yielded 11,654 articles and these were narrowed down to 39 included studies. Of these 39 studies, almost half assessed the implementation of a drink‐driving policy (n = 19), followed multipolicy (n = 12) and physical availability control (n = 8). There was no single study assessing policy implementation of pricing and taxation or alcohol marketing control. The majority of the studies were conducted in high‐income countries (n = 31). Globally, there is no standardised tool or guidelines for measuring the policy implementation of these four policies. The tools for measuring policy implementation mostly focused on a single policy, and few covered multiple policies.

Implications

We recommend developing standardised tools and measurements to monitor policy implementation across multiple policies at country levels.

Conclusion

This review highlighted a lack of comprehensive and standardised tools to assess policy implementation and the limited number of studies on alcohol policy implementation in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Peripheral neurostimulation for encoding artificial somatosensations
Authors: Valle Giacomo
Published: September 2022

The direct neural stimulation of peripheral or central nervous systems has been shown as an effective tool to treat neurological conditions. The electrical activation of the nervous sensory pathway can be adopted to restore the artificial sense of touch and proprioception in people suffering from sensory‐motor disorders. The modulation of the neural stimulation parameters has a direct effect on the electrically induced sensations, both when targeting the somatosensory cortex and the peripheral somatic nerves. The properties of the artificial sensations perceived, as their location, quality and intensity are strongly dependent on the direct modulation of pulse width, amplitude and frequency of the neural stimulation. Different sensory encoding schemes have been tested in patients showing distinct effects and outcomes according to their impact on the neural activation. Here, I reported the most adopted neural stimulation strategies to artificially encode somatosensation into the peripheral nervous system. The real‐time implementation of these strategies in bionic devices is crucial to exploit the artificial sensory feedback in prosthetics. Thus, neural stimulation becomes a tool to directly communicate with the human nervous system. Given the importance of adding artificial sensory information to neuroprosthetic devices to improve their control and functionality, the choice of an optimal neural stimulation paradigm could increase the impact of prosthetic devices on the quality of life of people with sensorimotor disabilities.
Signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Schiavetti Irene , Carmisciano Luca , Ponzano Marta , Cordioli Cinzia , Cocco Eleonora , Marfia Girolama Alessandra , Inglese Matilde , Filippi Massimo , Radaelli Marta , Bergamaschi Roberto , Immovilli Paolo , Capobianco Marco , De Rossi Nicola , Brichetto Giampaolo , Scandellari Cinzia , Cavalla Paola , Pesci Ilaria , Confalonieri Paolo , Perini Paola , Trojano Maria , Lanzillo Roberta , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Comi Giancarlo , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Patti Francesco , Salvetti Marco , Sormani Maria Pia ,   MuSC‐19 Study Group
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose

Clinical outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been thoroughly investigated, but a further analysis on main signs and symptoms and their risk factors still needs attention. The objective of this study was to group together and describe based on similarity the most common signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 in MS patients and identify all factors associated with their manifestation.

Method

Logistic and linear regression models were run to recognize factors associated with each pooled group of symptoms and their total number.

Results

From March 2020 to November 2021, data were collected from 1354 MS patients with confirmed infection of COVID‐19. Ageusia and anosmia was less frequent in older people (odds ratio [OR] 0.98; p = 0.005) and more in smoker patients (OR 1.39; p = 0.049). Smoke was also associated with an incremental number of symptoms (OR 1.24; p = 0.031), substance abuse (drugs or alcohol), conjunctivitis and rash (OR 5.20; p = 0.042) and the presence of at least one comorbidity with shortness of breath, tachycardia or chest pain (OR 1.24; p = 0.008). Some disease‐modifying therapies were associated with greater frequencies of certain COVID‐19 symptoms (association between anti‐CD20 therapies and increment in the number of concomitant symptoms: OR 1.29; p = 0.05). Differences in frequencies between the three waves were found for flu‐like symptoms (G1, p = 0.024), joint or muscle pain (G2, p = 0.013) and ageusia and anosmia (G5, p < 0.001). All cases should be referred to variants up to Delta.

Conclusion

Several factors along with the choice of specific therapeutic approaches might have a different impact on the occurrence of some COVID‐19 symptoms.