bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sibling relationships and their role in human life
Authors: Bulygina M.V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studies of sibling relations from different approaches. The articles included in this review concern the nature of relationships with brothers and sisters at different ages, its role in the development of aggressive and prosocial behavior, attitudes to oneself and one’s body, life satisfaction. Sibling relationships are analyzed in the context of the entire family system. It is noted that sibling relationships are involuntary, stable and characterized by a high degree of spontaneity. It is shown that the nature of communication with brothers and sisters is associated with the well-being of a person and the peculiarities of his/her adaptation in childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
New Science Literacy: Problems and Difficulties of Formation
Authors: Margolis A.A.
Published: December 2021

In a pandemic, science literacy is transformed from a subject of sociological research into a question of the survival of society itself. attitude of various groups and individuals to vaccination shows the real state of science literacy and reveals significant problems in its formation. The article examines the main stages in the development of the concept of natural science (science) literacy and the importance of critical science literacy in a stream containing conflicting scientific information and expert opinions. The article demonstrates the ineffectiveness of formation strategies without specially organized work on the development of initial pre-science ideas in children and adults.
Developing Children’s Concepts in Mathematics and Natural Sciences in Elementary School: From Initial Representations to Scientific Concepts
Authors: Isaev E.I. , Margolis A.A. , Safronova M.A.
Published: December 2021

The article provides psychological and pedagogical background for a technique aimed at transforming children’s initial representations in mathematics and natural sciences into scientific concepts in elementary school. The methodological basis underlying this technique is largely shaped by L.S.Vygotsky’s ideas of holistic and unified development of concepts in the process of learning. We emphasize the key ideas of designing tools for working with students’ initial representations and transforming them into mathematical and natural scientific concepts: identification and joint discussion of children’s naive representations, reflective assessment of different views on the explored subject concept, coordination of opinions and assessments. We analyze the main approaches and practices of working with the students’ initial representations developed in foreign and Russian psychological and pedagogical research. It is worth noting that there is no universally recognized technique for transforming students’ initial representations into scientific concepts in elementary school; nonetheless, there is a number of effective methods in pedagogical practice that we outline in the paper. Finally, we stress the importance of training teachers to work with children’s initial representations in the course of developing their scientific concepts within the learned subject.
Improving Low Academic Performance: Opportunities and Deficits in Russian Schools
Authors: Kosaretsky S.G. , Mertsalova T.A. , Senina N.A.
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes the notions of parents and teachers about the reasons behind low academic achievements of children as well as about the opportunities to overcome learning difficulties provided by modern Russian schools. The study uses data from surveys of parents, students and teachers of comprehensive schools conducted as part of the Monitoring of the Economics of Education (IEE) implemented by the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE) in the academic year 2020-2021.It is shown that the parents of low-achieving students notice the lack of attention from schools to the problems of children with learning difficulties, the lack of additional classes and support from specialists to overcome these difficulties. This group of parents demonstrates a higher level of willingness to transfer their children to another school. As for the teachers working in schools with a large number of poorly performing students, they tend to have a lower sense of responsibility for the academic success of students and a higher level of dissatisfaction with the choice of profession. They are less likely to receive support from various specialists (psychologists, special needs teachers, etc.), and as they realize they lack the professional skills necessary for working with children with learning and behavioral difficulties, they tend to engage more in professional development activities. The paper concludes that the psychological climate existing in classes and schools with a high proportion of underachieving students is an impediment in overcoming low academic performance, and that the groups of parents and teachers experiencing the greatest difficulties in providing quality education also experience the greatest deficit of support.
Qualitative Research and Evidence-Based Practices in Psychology and Education
Authors: Busygina N.P. , Gorobtsova A.V.
Published: December 2021

The article is dedicated to the relationship of qualitative research and evidence-based movement in psychology and education. We analyze the ways in which they enrich and reshape each other. The qualitative research methods open up additional opportunities for evaluating the social validity of practices, ways of their implementation, and allow taking into account contextual factors in studying the efficacy of practices. To meet the demand to increase evidence, qualitative researchers are developing the principles and procedures of meta-synthesis (as an equivalent of meta-analysis in quantitative research) aimed at integrating the results of many qualitative studies on a specific topic. The article focuses on the role of the qualitative research methods in the development of causal explanation. We follow the realist approach to causality and accept the view that qualitative research is a particular way of identifying causal processes. The explanatory possibilities of the qualitative research methods for the studies of practice efficacy are discussed.
Social Attitudes Towards the Future in Graduates of Orphan Organizations
Authors: Telitsyna A.Y. , Milakova A.Y.
Published: December 2021

Despite the efforts of the state and non-profit organizations (hereinafter — NPOs), the problems of orphans’ adaptation and integration into the society persist. Studies of speech behavioral models in graduates of child care institutions of some non-profit organizations reveal the antinomic nature of their programs and goals. These contradictions revolve around the process of formation of dependent social attitudes in orphaned children. The task of our research is to assess the role that NPOs play in the formation of certain social attitudes of graduates of child care (boarding) institutions (ex-orphanages).Using the verbal and communicative method of interviewing and through the analysis of the outreach programs provided by NPOs we show that the existing programs of post-orphanage adaptation, regardless of their universal yet relevant character and the diversity of the employed tools, cannot address the whole variety of emerging problems and challenges.
Comparative Analysis of Post-orphanage Adaptation of Orphaned Children Deprived of Parental Care: 20 Years Later
Authors: Semya G.V.
Published: December 2021

The article looks into the results of the comparative analysis of post-orphanage adaptation among the orphanages graduates of years 2001 (N=968) and 2021 (N=1792). Due to the active development of family-oriented forms of adoption of orphaned children, the year 2021 sample also included children graduates from foster families (N=1413). The study was conducted using the questionnaire from 2001 containing questions about major aspects of graduates' lives: life values and plans for the future, education, employment, family life, recreational activities, asocial behavior (with adjustments for the realities of today's legal system). Changes have been shown that occurred over 20 years in governmental policies toward orphan children and orphan graduates. Significant changes are observed in the graduates' subjective assessments of their own preparedness for independent living and of their psychological well-being. The comparative analysis revealed that only quantitative changes occurred in different aspects of their lives, while the list of the graduates' problems remained the same. Quite unexpectedly, it turned out that there are no significant differences for a number of adaptation parameters between graduates of organizations for orphaned children and those from substitute families of 2021. This can be explained by the fact that foster parents generally don't prepare their fostered children for independent living, whereas professionals of orphanage institutions support their ex-wards children until the latter turn 23.
Predictors of Negative Creativity in Adults on the Example of Cadets
Authors: Meshkova N.V. , Enikolopov S.N. , Kudryavtsev V.T. , Bochkova M.N. , Meshkov I.A.
Published: December 2021

The work is aimed at clarifying the contribution of moral identity and Machiavellianism as predictors of negative creativity. Negative creativity is the solution of a legitimate task, as a result of which unintentional harm was inflicted on others. To prevent such an impact on others, it is important to understand which personal characteristics are predictors of behavioral manifestations of negative creativity. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of cadets of one of the universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (N=277 people, 200 of them men, the average age is 20 years) are presented. We used questionnaires adapted from the Russian sample of Mac IV and NEO-FFI; as well as moral ideality (K. Aquino and A. Reed, II). To diagnose negative creativity, the scales ‘Lies’ and ‘Evil Jokes’ of the questionnaire ‘The Malevolent Creativity Behavior Scale’ (Hao et al.) were used. Research hypothesis: the key characteristics of the negative creativity profile of adults (on the example of cadets) are Machiavellianism and low values of moral identity. According to the results, the ability to control one's own impulses and the internalization of moral qualities developed at the average level, as well as high Machiavellianism and average self-control ability, are predictors of negative creativity and risk components. The novelty of the results obtained is that in the case of negative productivity, it is important to take into account not the low development of positive characteristics (conscientiousness and moral identity), but the average values.
Cyber-Security Culture: Psychological and Legal Aspects
Authors: Begishev I.R.
Published: December 2021

Digitalization has become part and parcel of the modern-day human activities. Nowadays it is going into every field of business and personal life. To develop and prosper, most organizations need IT systems, and hence to take the safeguarding of their informational assets seriously. Many of the processes which are essential for securing their IT assets, largely depend on human interaction. This study has attempted to address the culture of cyber-security in the light of psychology and law. The results of the research showed that from the psychological standpoint, the culture of cyber-security involves the willingness on the part of a modern human to overcome the digital expansion by mastering the tools for countering the negative IT factors. In its turn, from the legal standpoint, the culture of cyber-security is based on the legislative framework which regulates the legal relations in the field of cyber-security.
A RELAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO ACADÊMICO COM O CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL ENTRE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Catarine Alves Andressa , Clara Miranda Grabosque Ana , Gabriela de Souza Bárbara , Letícia Germano de Souza Jaqueline , Victor Trindade de Souza João , Pestillo de Oliveira Leonardo
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a influência do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas no desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes de psicologia de uma universidade privada da cidade de Maringá no ano de 2019, cujos dados foram retirados a partir de uma pesquisa quantitativa com acadêmicos do curso, na cidade de Maringá, no Paraná. O instrumento utilizado para a obtenção de dados foi um questionário online, criado através da plataforma Google Forms, contendo o AUDIT (Teste de Identificação de Distúrbio de Uso do Álcool). O questionário foi enviado para 528 alunos matriculados do segundo ao quinto ano. Desta quantia, obtiveram-se 97 respostas no questionário aplicado, em que duas foram expelidas, por não estarem de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar padrões dentre os estudantes participantes, que os levem ao consumo excessivo do álcool, e como seus hábitos relacionados à prática do bingedrinking os afeta no âmbito acadêmico. Observou-se que a prevalência do consumo do álcool dentro da amostra se deu em 81,05% e verificou-se uma correlação entre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas com o baixo desempenho acadêmico.
IMPLICAÇÕES DA AVALIAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA NO PROCESSO DE ADOÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Priscila Pereira Silva Maynara , Dell'Osso Carvalho Bárbara , Louise Silva Camargo Gabriella , Morais Peixoto Evandro
Published: December 2021

A adoção é um processo complexo com alguns critérios a serem observados, como, questão financeira, moradia, estado civil. Além disso, é preciso investigar a relação afetiva de todos os envolvidos no processo (criança/adolescente e família) como também refletir sobre o espaço onde a criança/adolescente vai ocupar na nova família. Durante o processo, profissionais realizam uma avaliação psicossocial, contudo, esta avaliação apresenta algumas limitações que podem ser supridas pela avaliação psicológica, visto que é um método capaz de interpretar fenômenos psicológicos. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de escopo para compreender a avaliação psicológica no processo de adoção, com intuito de verificar os métodos e estratégias utilizados neste contexto, bem como identificar as principais dificuldades encontras pelos profissionais da psicologia. A amostra foi composta por seis estudos (artigos e dissertações), encontrados nas bases SciELO, PePSIC, LILACS e BDTD, entre os anos de 2013 a 2019. Os resultados indicaram que as principais dificuldades estão associadas à falta de capacitação, formação e atualização da área. Além disso, observou-se que são utilizadas técnicas de entrevistas, visitas domésticas e testes projetivos na avaliação. Entretanto, os estudos colocaram essas técnicas como uma limitação, visto que apresentam dificuldades para analisar a subjetividade. Portanto, é importante pensar na construção de novos instrumentos de medida que possam abranger essa falta. Nota-se também a escassez em relação a pesquisas nessa área, dessa forma, sugere-se a produção de novos estudos.
SOBRE ADOLESCÊNCIA, NARCISISMO E IDEAIS
Authors: Romagnolli Rodrigues Gomes Vinicius
Published: December 2021

A questão do narcisismo e dos ideais tem fundamental importância no processo adolescente, quando o sujeito assume um novo status frente ao outro e a si próprio. Com a desidealização dos pais e com o luto pela perda destes pais e pela perda narcísica, os adolescentes procuram formar novos objetos pulsionais e se veem numa encruzilhada ao ter que se reposicionar frente às identificações estabelecidas na infância e às referências simbólicas da cultura. O desafio adolescente consiste em integrar e elaborar as marcas do passado, de modo com que possam ser transformadas em um projeto futuro. Neste trabalho, partimos de um levantamento bibliográfico por meio da conceituação de Freud acerca do narcisismo e do ideal, com o objetivo de pensar o processo adolescente e suas possibilidades no cenário contemporâneo. Assim, tem-se como resultado que a despeito de um cenário social que não favorece a construção de ideais que permitam ir além do presente e que apontem para um futuro, os adolescentes encontram no processo analítico a possibilidade de fazê-lo. Concluindo, portanto, a importância da psicanálise para acompanhar a travessia adolescente.
Yerel (Artvin-Şavşat) ve Tescilli Domates Çeşitlerinde Kuraklık Stresine Karşı Tolerans Seviyelerinin Araştırılması
Authors: DEMİRALAY Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Kuraklığın artmasıyla birlikte domates ürün kalitesinde ve ürün veriminde ciddi düşüşler meydana gelmektedir. Stresin sebep olduğu verim ve kalitedeki düşüşleri azaltmanın en önemli yollarından biri de bitkilerin kuraklıktan etkilenme şeklinin bilinmesi ve kuraklığa toleranslı çeşitlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmada Artvin-Şavşat (yerel) ve SC2121 (tescilli) domates çeşitlerinin farklı kuraklık uygulamalarına karşı oluşturdukları toleranslarının yanıtlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, domates çeşitlerinde çimlenme oranı, kök uzunluğu, nispi su içeriği (NSİ), lipid peroksidasyonu (TBARS), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2), prolin, toplam klorofil ve karotenoid içerikleri gibi temel stres parametreleri incelenmiştir. Bulgulara göre, Şavşat ve SC2121 çeşitlerinde çimlenme oranı, kök boyu ve NSİ tüm PEG uygulamalarıyla birlikte kontrole kıyasla önemli derecede azaldığı ve bu azalışın Şavşat çeşidinde daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Şavşat ve SC2121’in TBARS ve H2O2 içeriklerinin artan PEG konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak önemli derecede arttığı, bu artışın Şavşat çeşidinde daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Prolin içeriği tüm PEG uygulamalarıyla birlikte her iki domates çeşidinde kontrole göre arttığı görülmüştür. Bu artışın ise Şavşat çeşidinde daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Domates çeşitlerinin toplam klorofil ve karotenoid içerikleri %10 PEG uygulamasıyla önemli derecede azaldığı ve bu azalışın Şavşat çeşidinde daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler ışığında, Artvin-Şavşat domates çeşidinin ise kuraklığa daha toleranslı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
UVB-313 Lambalarına Ait Yapay Yaşlandırmanın UV Sistem Vernikli Yalancı Akasya Odununda Bazı Yüzey Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: AYATA Ümit , ÇAKICIER Nevzat , GÜRLEYEN Levent
Published: December 2021

Yalancı akasya ahşabı direkler, maden keresteleri, demiryolu bağları, gemi kerestesi, ahşap gemi yapımı için ağaç çivileri, kasalar, kutular, mandallar, çitler, inşaat ve mobilya endüstrisinde kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yalancı akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.,) odunu yüzeylerine uygulanmış UV sistem parke verniklerinin (3 ve 5 kat), UVB-313 lambalarına sahip hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma sonralarında (252 ve 504 saatleri) renk, parlaklık, yüzeye yapışma direnci ve salınımsal sertlik özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Bütün testlere ait olan varyans analizi sonuçları anlamlı olarak belirlenmiştir. 5 kat uygulamasına sahip vernikli malzemelerin 20o, 60o ve 85o’de liflere paralel (//) ve dik (⊥) yönlerde parlaklık değerleri, salınımsal sertlik değerleri ve yüzeye yapışma dirençleri 3 kat uygulamasına sahip vernikli malzemelerinkinden yüksek elde edilmiştir. Yaşlandırmadan sonra her iki vernik türü için a* değerleri artarken, L* değerleri azalmıştır. Bu ağaç türünü parke endüstrisinde kullanıla bileceği söylenebilir.
Balanced DATA by DBSCAN and Weighted Arithmetic Mean to Improve Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: GÜLDAL Serkan
Published: December 2021

Improvement of digital technology has caused the collected data sizes to increase at an accelerating rate. The increase in data size comes with new problems such as unbalanced data. If a dataset is unbalanced, the classes are not equally distributed. Therefore, classification of the data causes performance losses since the classification algorithms treat as the datasets are balanced. While the classification favors the majority class, the minority class is often misclassified. The majority of collected datasets, especially medical datasets, have an unbalanced distribution problem. To reduce the unbalance datasets, various studies have been performed in recent years. In general terms, these studies are undersampling, oversampling, or both to balance the datasets. In this study, an oversampling method is proposed employing distance and mean based resampling method to produce synthetic samples. For the resampling process, the distances between pairs are calculated by the Euclidean distance in the minority class. The calculated distances are considered in the sense of DBSCAN to obtain a sufficient amount of pairs. The new synthetic samples were formed between listed pairs by using the Weighted Arithmetic Mean. Thus, the dataset has been approximated 500 (majority) and 535 (from 268 minority data). The Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are used for classification the raw and balanced datasets, and the results were compared with each other and the other well known methods such as Random Over Sampling (ROS), Random Under Sampling (RUS), and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). The result showed that the proposed method has the best performance among all the listed methods. The accuracy performance of RF is 0.751 and 0.798 for raw data and resampled data respectively. Likewise, the accuracy performance of SVM is 0.762 and 0.781 for raw data and resampled data respectively.
Cam İpliğinden Farklı Desenlerde Üretilmiş Atkılı Örme Ribana Kumaşların Fiziksel, Yapısal ve Hava Geçirgenliği Özellikleri
Authors: İNCE Mehmet Erdem , SAVCI GÜNEŞ Kıymet
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada cam ipliğinden 1x1, 2x2, İngiliz ve balıkçı ribana desenlerinde üretilmiş atkılı örme kumaşların fiziksel, yapısal ve hava geçirgenliği özellikleri bu kumaşlarla güçlendirilmiş polimer matrisli kompozit malzeme üretimi düşünülerek mercek altına alınmıştır. 2x2 ribana deseni hem makine üzerinde hem de makineden alındıktan sonra, desen kaynaklı kumaş iç geriliminin bir neticesi olarak, ilmek sırası yönünde dramatik bir şekilde daralmıştır. Bu daralma sıkı ve sert tutumlu bir kumaş yapısı ortaya koymuştur. Diğer yandan balıkçı ribana deseninde her iki yüzde yer alan askı ilmekler, kumaş makineden alındıktan sonra, ilmek çubuklarının saat ibreleri yönünde dönüp birbiri üzerine yuvalanmalarını sağlayarak kumaş boyunu kısaltmış ve sıkı bir yapı oluşturmuştur. Sıkı bir kumaş yapısına sahip olmalarından ötürü; 2x2 ve balıkçı ribana desenleri, 1x1 ve İngiliz ribana desenlerine kıyasla daha yüksek kalınlık, alansal yoğunluk ve ilmek yoğunluğu gösterirken, daha düşük bir ilmek uzunluğu sergilemiştir. En gevşek kumaş yapısına sahip olan 1x1 ribana deseni en yüksek hava geçirgenliğini sergilerken, en sert tuşeli ve sıkı yapılı 2x2 ribana deseni en düşük hava geçirgenliğini sergilemiştir. Hava geçirgenliği ile ilmek uzunluğu arasında en güçlü pozitif korelasyon gözlemlenirken, hava geçirgenliği ile ilmek sırası sıklığı arasında en güçlü negatif korelasyon gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, kumaş sıklığını ve buna bağlı olarak hava geçirgenliğini kontrol eden örgü desen parametresi değiştirilerek fark lif hacimsel oranlarında ve çeşitli mekanik özelliklere sahip cam ipliğinden atkılı örme kumaş takviyeli kompozitlerin üretilebileceğini göstermiştir.
Web Sitelerinde Gerçekleştirilen Oltalama Saldırılarının Yapay Zekâ Yaklaşımı ile Tespiti
Authors: TOĞAÇAR Mesut
Published: December 2021

Oltalama, kişisel bilgilerin internet üzerinden çalınmasına yönelik gerçekleştirilen yazılım tabanlı saldırılardır. Oltalama saldırılarında genellikle kişilerin kimlik bilgileri, kullanıcı parolaları, kredi veya banka kartı bilgileri gibi özel bilgilerin ele geçirilmesi amaçlanır. Bunun için en uygun ortam olarak genelde özel yazılım kodları içeren web sitesi uygulamaları veya elektronik posta sistemleri tercih edilir. Bu tür net uygulamalarında gelen cezbedici görsel veya metin tabanlı iletiler bireyleri yemleyerek saldırıların gerçekleştirilmesini sağlar. Milyarlarca insanın etkileşim içerisinde olduğu internet ortamında bu tür saldırıların önlemini zamanında alabilmek için teknolojik gelişmelerle paralel hareket etmek gerekir. Son zamanlarda, yapay zekâ teknolojileri internet güvenliği alanında adını duyurmayı başarmıştır. Bu çalışmada, makine öğrenme yöntemleri ile 11 binin üzerinde web sitesi incelenmiş ve oltalama saldırısı yapan web siteleri tespit edildi. Veri seti, 30 web parametresinden oluşmaktadır ve açık erişimlidir. Makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri ile her bir web sitesi için 30 özellik incelendi; oltalama saldırısını gerçekleştiren web siteleri ile gerçekleştirmeyen web siteleri sınıflandırıldı. Sonuç olarak, en iyi test doğruluk başarısı Rastgele Orman yöntemi ile %96,53 oranında gerçekleştirildi.
Problems of malignant tumors of reproductive system in gynecological practice
Authors: Kulakov V. I. , Tochijan A. A.
Published: December 2021

In the article the problems of epidemiology, prophylaxis and detection of early stages of malignant tumors of reproductive system and mammae in gynecological practice in close contact with oncologists are discussed.
Resolution of the plenum of the interdepartmental scientific council
on obstetrics and gynecology, RAMS M3 RF
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: December 2021

Over the past 10 years in Russia, there has been an intensive increase in the incidence of malignant tumors of the reproductive system in women, whose share in the structure of oncological diseases amounted to 36.9%. The current situation is primarily due to an increase in the incidence of malignant tumors of the mammary gland, endometrium, and ovaries. The incidence of breast cancer is growing at a particularly fast pace. Over the past decade, the indicators have increased by more than 70%. The emerging trend towards a decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer in the 70-80s was replaced by a new rise in the period 1990-1999, mainly due to the II-III stages of the disease. The main peak of incidence corresponds to the age period of 56-65 years with a tendency to "rejuvenate" breast cancer up to 35-50 years.
Hormonal rehabilitation of patients with cervical cancer after radical surgical treatment
Authors: Urmancheeva A. F. , Bernstein L. M. , Бурмина М. M. , Zeldovich D. R. , Gamayunova V. B. , Kovalenko I. G.
Published: December 2021

Radical surgical treatment with and without radiation often induces symptoms of premature menopause in cervical cancer (CC) patients. Few retrospective studies seem to suggest that hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is not detrimental for patients with CC and can improve life quality in this group of women. To investigate the effect of HRT on menopausal symptoms inpatients with С C history, 85 patients after CC treatment, 22-51 years old, were included into this research. In 59 patients HRT was carried out to overcomepostovariectomic syndrome (POES). Severity of menopausal symptoms, serum estradiol, FSH and lipid profiles were evaluated. The research showed high therapeutic effect as to reducing the frequency of postovariectomic frustration in HRT application. No recurrences of CC were observed in this group of patients. HRT side effects were extremely rare. HRT can effectively cure climacteric symptoms in women with surgical menopause induced by CC treatment.
The role of echography in the diagnosis of diffuse fibroadenomatosis of the mammary glands
Authors: Solntseva I. A.
Published: December 2021

Traditional methods of examining the mammary glands do not provide a sufficiently high level of diagnostics of the pathology of this organ. It is necessary to use new techniques, including ultrasound research. Echography has ample opportunities in the diagnosis of various diseases of the mammary glands, and with diffuse fibroadenomatosis it is the preferred method. The author noted the main advantages of an ultrasound study, and also developed quantitative criteria that make it possible to more clearly diagnose pathology and determine the severity of the disease.
Epidemiology and diagnosis of cervical cancer
Authors: Ourmantcheeva A. F. , Merabishvili V. M . , Selcov S. A. , Novik V. I. , Safronnikova N. R. , Kutusheva G. F. , Vorontsova A. E. , Lisyanskaya A. S. , Vedeneeva G. N. , Golovanova V. A. , Kutueva F. R. , Zeldovich D. R. , Manikhas G. M. , Ailamazyan E. K.
Published: December 2021

The data of populational and hospital cancer registers, cytological and immunological laboratories of Saint-Petersburg are examined. More than 350 new invasive cervical cancer cases are registered annually. Since 1970 up to 1991 oncological morbidity decreased from 14,7 to 8,1 per 100000 women, but then we witness steady rise of standardized indeces up to 9,9 in 1999. Increasingrate of so called neglectedforms of cervical cancer (III-IV stages), especially amongyoung women, is a disturbing fact. The issues of prophylaxis and early diagnostics of cervical cancer are discussed in the article. The results of cytological and virological examination of women of different contingents are drawn.
For the 100 year anniversary of Prof. R.R. Makarov
Authors: Tsvelev Ju. V.
Published: December 2021

Roman Romanovich Makarov was born on June 12, 1901 in the village of Vitino in the Peterhof district of the Petersburg province, into a large peasant family, in which there were 9 other children besides him.
Genetic factors of predilection for habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages
Authors: Bespalova O. N. , Arzhanova O. N. , Ivaschenko T. E. , Aseev M. V. , Ailamazyan E. K. , Baranov V. S.
Published: December 2021

By means of the method of polimerase chain reaction the frequency of blank allele of genes GSTP1, GSTM1, and the frequency of polymorphous alleles of gene GSTP1 in 40 pairs with habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages were studied. The results of the investigation testify to the high rate of gomozygotes GSTT1 0/0 in pairs with habitual noncarrying of pregnancy in comparison with indices in general population of North-West region of Russia (37,7% and 23,3% correspondingly).

The genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 code enzymes, which take part in the second phase of xenobiotic detoxication system. Taking into consideration that protein products of these genes to significant extent determine the effectiveness of 2nd phase of detoxication (neutralization of xenobiotics by glutathione binding), we are to suppose that unfavorable environmental factorsplay the important role in etiology and genesis of habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages.
The influence of mother's diseases and complications of pregnancy on the development of allergic reactions in neonates and infants
Authors: Evsyukova I. I.
Published: December 2021

The article reviews the materials dealing with the role of mothers diseases, complications of pregnancy, and unfavorable environmental factors in formation of immunological reactions in neonates. The author emphasizes the role of disturbances of afterbirth state in case of gestosis, infections, mothers smoking.Peculiarities of immune mechanisms of neonates compared with those of elder children determine their reactivity and early development of allergic diseases.
Contemporary view of m ultifetal pregnancy management at early stages
Authors: Koroteev A. L. , Mikhailov A. , Konstantinova N. N.
Published: December 2021

The present review gives a wide coverage on the problems of etiology and management of multifetal pregnancy during first trimester. Particular attention is paid to multifetal pregnancy reduction, which aims at improving prenatal outcomes in case of multiple gestation. On the basis of literary data the issues of the operation are generalized and analyzed, clinical aspects are considered and potential directions of future investigations are determined.
Hydrolytic enzymes in therapy of gestosis
Authors: Gabelova K. A.
Published: December 2021

The clinical effectiveness o f complex enzymotherapy with preparation Vobenzim in treatment o f gestosis was studied in comparison with traditional therapy. The author analyzes the course оf gestation and delivery, and the state оf neonates in women with nephropathy o f I degree, who got common treatment (28 patients) and complex treatment including Vobenzim (17patients). Positive clinical effect o f complex enzymotherapy in case o f nephropathy is displayed in decreasing of edematic syndrome, eliminating or decreasing o f proteinuria, lowering o f blood pressure and impairment o f fetalhypoxia in labors. It goes along with the reduction o f immune complexes fixed in placenta.
To the problem of pregnant women's cholestasis
Authors: Timofeeva T. V. , Petrishchev N. N. , Zainulina M. S. , Mukhina I. N.
Published: December 2021

Liver disease andpregnancy usually aggravates each other. Its rather difficult to differentiate pregnant womens cholestasis from gestosis accompanied with chronic liver disease preceding pregnancy. 60 pregnant women were examined, the first group with cholestatic hepatosis, the second group with gestosis and liver disease. The practical aim o f the study was to choose righttactics o f pregnancy management, method and date o f confinement.Pregnant womens hepatosis turned out to be a complex concept: it may embrace different types o f pathological pregnancy under the single clinical diagnosis.
Urgent gynecology: a new look
Authors: Kulakov V. I. , Gasparov A. S. , Kosachenko A. G.
Published: December 2021

To improve the diagnostics and treatment of urgent gynecological diseases 1000 patients with the pathology were examined. 700 women were subjected to laparoscopy. The following structure of acute gynecological diseases was defined: 47% ectopic pregnancy, 24% acute inflammatory diseases of adnexa uteri, 17% ovarian apoplexy, 7% torsion of ovarian cyst pedicle, 4% uterine myoma associated with the disturbances of alimentation of the ganglion, 1% perforation of the uterus. On the basis of the analysis of complains, anamnesis, clinical symptoms and results of supplementary examinations the algorithm of management of patients with suspected acute gynecological diseases including diagnostic laparoscopy was elaborated
Sacrovaginopexy with combined access and mesh-vaginopexy in the treatment of genital prolapse
Authors: Popov A. A. , Gorsky S. L. , Shaginyan G. G. , Ramazanov M. R.
Published: December 2021

Comparative analysis of two modem methods of womens genital prolapse treatment was carried out. Comparing close and some remote results of MESH- vaginopexy (97patients) andtransvaginal retroperitonealsacrovaginopexy with laparoscopic control (24 patients), the authors determine particular indications, advantages and expediency of the elaborated methods.
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Kulakov V. I. , Adamyan L. V. , Kiselev S. I.
Published: December 2021

Basing on the experience of more than 650 total laparoscopic hysterectomies (TLH) performed by original technique, the authors express their own view of efficacy and safety of laparoscopic uterectomy. Detailed description of intrafascial TLH technique is drawn in the article.
The value of endoscopic examination methods in infertile marriage
Authors: Korneeva I. E.
Published: December 2021

To optimize the management of infertile women the estimation of efficacy of endoscopic methods of treatment (laparoscopy and hysteroscopy) in this category of patients was undertaken. With the method of retrospective analysis clinico- laboratory and endoscopic examination of2785 sterile pairs was carried out. The results of the study showed that endoscopic methods are not only the most important stage of diagnostics but also the first pathogenetically substantiated stage in treating female infertility. It became clear that half of the patients demonstrated from 2 till 5 factors in pathogenesis of reproductive function abnormalities that brings on the necessity of elaboratingthe algorithm of treatingparticular patients considering the disturbances revealed.So, to increase the effectiveness of treating the patients in question, distinct standards of medical care should be put into practice.
Features of regional blood flow after endoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Niauri D. A. , Harutyunyan A. F.
Published: December 2021

The state of regional blood flow in 65 patients before and after endoscopic myomectomy was studied using modem methods such as Doppler examination and color Doppler sonography. It was determined that blood flow velocity indeces obtained during the Doppler examination of myoma vessels and uterine arteries allow to estimate the morphological structure of myomas uninvasively and can be used to define the indications for conservative endoscopic surgical procedures in patients with myoma uteri. Doppler monitoring of regional blood flow during postoperative period makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment previously performed.
Endoscopic surgery in gynecology: state and development prospects
Authors: Кулаков В. И. , Адамян Л. В.
Published: December 2021

In the clinical lecture the main principles of arranging endovideosurgical carein gynecology are substantiated on the basis of the material of 17,5 thousandslaparoscopies and 10 thousands hysteroscopies. The detailed analysis of possibilities of endoscopic methods in operative gynecology is given. The peculiarities of laparoscopys application are depicted in cases of tube-peritoneal infertility, uterine and ovarian tumors, pyoinflammatory diseases of uterine adnexa, ectopic pregnancy, maldevelopment of female genital organs, stress incontinence in women. Perspectives of endovideosurgical technologies in gynecological practice are also shown.
Hormonal contraception for women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ailamazyan E. K. , Nikitin S. V. , Potin V. V.
Published: December 2021

The investigation demonstrates the influence ofperoral combined contraceptives and preparations containing only progestagens on carbohydrate and lipid exchange and haemostatic system. The factors, which exert influence upon metabolic indices in women with type I insular diabetes, are estimated. The correlation between the intake of combined and containing only progestagens contraceptive preparations and the risk of tromboembolism is revealed. The indications and contraindications are defined for the prescription of peroral contraceptives in women with type I insular diabetes.
Positive experience in laser therapy of patients with polysystemic disorder syndrome with hvdmp using scanning beams through the vagina
Authors: Baranov V. N.
Published: December 2021

Low-intensive laser therapy was carried out on 550 women aged 18 to 33 with syndrome of polysystemic disorders at chronic genital inflammations.Efficiency of frequency movement (301 patients) and stable regime (249 patients) of endovaginal low-intensive laser therapy has been studied by means of complex clinical, functional, instrumental, and laboratory examinations. Movement regime of laser application proved to stimulate sexual visceral reactions improving the state of female organism in case of syndrome of polysystemic disorders. Normalization of the sexualfunction as a result of movement regime in endovaginal laser therapy can be considered as pathogenic influence directed on normalizing and supporting physiological nervous-reflex connections of genital organs with other organs and systems of womens organisms.
Gynecological morbidity in girls and adolescent girls in a large industrial city
Authors: Khamadyanov U. R. , Muslimova A. R.
Published: December 2021

The results of randomized complex clinical andlaboratory examination of 1540 girls and juveniles are drawn, which characterize the rate and the structure of gynecological pathology under conditions of an industrial city. Gynecological morbidity proved to be closely associated with the state of somatic health in girls. Disorders of menstrualfunction occupy the most important place in the structure of gynecological pathology, dysfunctional uterine bleedings prevailing over other kinds of pathology. Anonymous questionnaire of 1700juveniles revealed some peculiarities of their reproductive and contraceptive behavior. The age of the beginning of sexual life at the average comes up to 14,6 0,5 years in the city of Ufa (an average age over Russia 16,1 years), the rate of juveniles who use adequate contraceptives being very low (9,5%). The article gives light to the problems of elaborating the system of organizational and medico-prophy lactic measures for girls and juveniles with gynecological pathology andputtingthem into practice.
Clinical experience of using the method of abdominal decompression in pregnant women
Authors: Repina M. A. , Novikov B. N. , Romanova L. A. , Gaidukova I. R.
Published: December 2021

An effective physiotherapeutic method of abdominal decompression was offered with the aim of treating miscarriage and fetoplacental insufficiency in pregnants. 37 women with the pathology in question, who were in the II or III trimester of pregnancy, were examined. The results of the investigation show that abdominal decompression may become an alternative to orthodox methods of treatment and it may be widely applied in obstetrics.
Female military personnel in the navy - a paradox or a reality?
Authors: Tsutsiev S. A. , Lizunov Yu. V. , Terentyev L. P. , Tsutsieva M. G.
Published: December 2021

The reorganization of the Armed Forces, which has been realized for the last decade, touched over the sexual structure of defenders of our Motherland: one can witness an increasing tendency of employing women on military service.Legal equality of sexes doesnt allow to avoid the differences between the man and the woman, which are genetically conditioned. One of the actual problems of the Army today is the task of providing optimal conditions of military service for women. The realization of this task depends first of all on principal position of the commanders of all levels. This implies the necessity of hygienic education of the commanders under the management of hygienists with the aim of radical change of their attitude to military women.
The role of society in public administration in the field of environmental protection. Global problems of our time. Part I
Authors: Sapunov Valentin B. , Zharikov Mikhail V.
Published: December 2021

The need for environmental protection is based on the assumption that environmental degradation harms humans and hinders economic development. However, the real resolution of the contradiction between the economy and nature in the field of environmental protection causes certain difficulties, as evidenced by the growing threat to environmental safety in the world.
We invite readers to discuss the materials of our analysis and a general assessment of the global problems of our time and possible ways for the further development of mankind. The author grouped them in a number of areas: the essence and classification of the main problems of our time; the origins of the global problems of our time; possible consequences of a nuclear war; theories of Global crises and Cornucopia; the concepts of Sustainable Development, Golden Billion, 10 Golden Billions; the problem of the relationship between the social and the biological in man. Based on the results of the discussion, we hope to determine the role of the state, man and society as a whole, their level of interaction in developing solutions for the preservation of the environment and humanity as a species at the present stage of its development.
Methodical Approach to Research of Musical Pedagogy History
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Kruglova Marina G.
Published: December 2021

The arsenal of methodology of history and theory of musical pedagogy in Russian science of the beginning of the 21st century is actively expanding due to concepts and approaches from the field of philosophy, aesthetics, cultural studies, psychology, sociology and art science in general. Music pedagogy today is studied on the basis of sociocultural, axiological, semiotic, civilizational, paradigmic, intonational, hermeneutic and dialogical methods considered in the article. The fundamental principles of these methods are determined, due not only to the connection between musical art and pedagogy, but also to their capabilities, allowing the researcher to penetrate into the depths of complex phenomena and processes of the music education system. Modern realities of art pedagogy make scientists prefer a paradigm approach, in which symbolic, psychoanalytic and structural paradigms stand out as the basis for scientific research on musical pedagogy of the beginning of the 21st century.
Problems of “Imageology in Service” in the Context of Social and Psychological Science
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Culture, Belobragin Vitaly V.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the actual problem of modern social psychology, as well as the psychology of image, imageology, servicology, service activity, etc. – the essence and content, the main functions, the current state, trends and prospects for the development of a new author’s scientific direction and the training course “Image Science in the service”. The purpose of the study: to study all the main phenomena of “Imageology in the service”, as tasks: to present the main categories, theoretical and practical directions of the development of a new scientific direction. The following research methods were used: a theoretical review of scientific publications, content analysis, a survey in the form of a questionnaire, generalization. Such concepts as “image”, “service”, “service activity”, “consumer”, “image of an employee in the service sector”, etc. are studied. A practical study was conducted to identify stereotypical ideas related to service workers on the example of hairdressers and stylists. It is concluded that “Imageology in service” is an original direction of social psychology and a number of related sciences, considering image as a socio-psychological phenomenon related to the field of activity of specialists in the provision of various types of services (in the field of everyday life, education, culture, sports, transport, etc.).
Deontological Culture of Teachers of Preschool Educational Organization
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Egorychev Alexander M. , Akhtyan Anna G. ,   Russian State Social University, Kononyako Natalya S. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: December 2021

The article discusses issues related to both the need to activate the process of the formation of deontological culture among teachers-educators of a preschool educational organization, and the essential content of the concept of “deontological culture”. The authors identified a complex of moral and ethical qualities of the personality of a teacher-educator of a preschool educational organization (love for children, pedagogical duty, ideological conviction, responsibility, etc.), expressing his deontological culture, gave them a brief definition and justification. In their study, the authors came to the conclusion that the systemic manifestation of deontological culture by teachers-educators will create favorable conditions for the effective organization and development of professional and pedagogical activity in the preschool education system.