bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Nsp2‐ and Csp2‐ Photografting of Au‐Surface by Aryldiazonium Salts and Arylazo Sulfonates
Authors: Nicchio Luca , Médard Jérôme , Decorse Philippe , Gam‐Derouich Sarra , Chevillot‐Biraud Alexandre , Luo Yun , Mangeney Claire , Berisha Avni , Averseng Frédéric , Fagnoni Maurizio , Protti Stefano , Pinson Jean
Published: April 2023

Arylazo sulfonates (Ar−N=N−SO3Na) have been found to undergo photografting on gold surface through both Au−Nsp2− and Au−Csp2− bond formation. The functionalized materials have been fully characterized by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), Raman, XPS, DFT calculations and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. These methods permit to evidence aromatic substituents (IRRAS), the Au−N=N signature (Raman and XPS spectroscopy), and the bond dissociation energy values of the two linkages (DFT calculation). The grafting proceeds through two competitive paths, namely a stepwise reaction involving an aryl radical (for the formation of the Au−Ar bonds) and a concerted reaction on the surface of gold (for Au−N=N−Ar bond formation). The occurrence of an aryl radical upon irradiation has been fully evidenced by EPR spectroscopy. Finally,E/Zphotoisomerisation of the N=N bonds present on prepared few layer films has been observed by means of UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy.
Association of polypharmacy with all‐cause mortality and adverse events among elderly colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Choi Dong‐Woo , Kang Hyejung , Zhang Hyun‐Soo , Jhang Hoyol , Jeong Wonjeong , Park Sohee
Published: April 2023

Background

The risk of inappropriate drug exposure in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors after the initial cancer treatment has not been well studied. This study investigated the association of polypharmacy (PP) with overall survival, hospitalization, and emergency room (ER) visits among older CRC survivors.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance claims data follow‐up from 2002 to 2017. Participants comprised those aged ≥65 years who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of CRC received cancer treatment and survived at least 2 years from the initial CRC diagnosis between 2003 and 2012. PP was defined based on the number of individual drugs during the third year, after 2 years of survival since the initial cancer treatment. PP was categorized as follows: non‐PP (zero to four prescribed drugs); PP (five to nine drugs), and excessive PP (≥10 drugs). Main outcomes are all‐cause mortality, hospitalization, and ER visits.

Results

Of the 55,228 participants, 44.5% died, 83.1% were hospitalized, and 46.1% visited the ER. The PP and excess PP groups showed increased risk of all‐cause mortality, hospitalization, and ER visit compared with the low PP group, and was highly associated among groups including patients aged 65 to 74 years and those in low‐level frailty groups.

Conclusions

These risks can be minimized by increasing awareness and enhancing behaviors among health care professionals, especially clinician and pharmacists, to be aware of potential drug interactions, review, and ongoing monitoring.

Plain Language Summary

The risk of inappropriate drug exposure in older colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors after the initial cancer treatment has not been well studied.

Polypharmacy was associated with adverse outcomes, including all‐cause mortality, hospitalization, and emergency room visits among older CRC survivors and it was particularly associated with those who were 65 to 75 years and those with low risk of frailty.

When prescribing drugs, physicians should be mindful of finding a balance between adequate treatment of diseases and avoiding adverse drug effects in survivors of CRC.
The dorsal stream of visual processing and action‐specific domains in parietal and frontal cortex in primates
Authors: Stepniewska Iwona , Kaas Jon H.
Published: April 2023

This review summarizes our findings obtained from over 15 years of research on parietal–frontal networks involved in the dorsal stream of cortical processing. We have presented considerable evidence for the existence of similar, partially independent, parietal–frontal networks involved in specific motor actions in a number of primates. These networks are formed by connections between action‐specific domains representing the same complex movement evoked by electrical microstimulation. Functionally matched domains in the posterior parietal (PPC) and frontal (M1‐PMC) motor regions are hierarchically related. M1 seems to be a critical link in these networks, since the outputs of M1 are essential to the evoked behavior, whereas PPC and PMC mediate complex movements mostly via their connections with M1. Thus, lesioning or deactivating M1 domains selectively blocks matching PMC and PPC domains, while having limited impact on other domains. When pairs of domains are stimulated together, domains within the same parietal–frontal network (matching domains) are cooperative in evoking movements, while they are mainly competitive with other domains (mismatched domains) within the same set of cortical areas. We propose that the interaction of different functional domains in each cortical region (as well as in striatum) occurs mainly via mutual suppression. Thus, the domains at each level are in competition with each other for mediating one of several possible behavioral outcomes.
Bridging molecular genetics and genomics for cotton fiber quality improvement
Authors: Naoumkina Marina , Kim Hee Jin
Published: April 2023

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the main source of natural fiber for the textile industry. Cotton fibers are unicellular trichomes that emerge from the epidermal cells of the seed. In cultivated cotton species, seed trichomes differentiate into two distinct types, spinnable lint, and short fuzz. The main priority for cotton growers is fiber yield, whereas the textile industry also demands better fiber quality characteristics, such as length, uniformity, strength, maturity, and optimal fineness. However, it is a major challenge for breeders to improve fiber quality while maintaining yield, because of the observed negative correlation between yield and fiber quality traits. Recent technical advances in sequencing and bioinformatics have facilitated the assembly of reference quality genomes of multiple cotton species, bringing a new era for cotton genomics. Available genomic resources will help genetically dissect the agronomic and fiber quality traits of cotton and identify gene variants that can be used for cotton improvement through breeding or biotechnology. Here, we review recent progress in the sequencing of genomes of cotton species and approaches in molecular genetics and genomics for the improvement of cotton fiber quality traits. We discuss progress in the understanding of each stage of cotton fiber development and the remaining challenges.
Vulnerability assessment of peatland complexes in the Hudson Plains (Ontario, Canada) to permafrost‐thaw‐induced landcover and hydrological change using a multiscale approach
Authors: Mack Mikhail , Quinton William , McLaughlin James , Hopkinson Christopher
Published: April 2023

The Hudson Plains, Canada, is one of the largest, undisturbed peatland regions (370,000 km2) in the world. Air temperature in the Hudson Plains is increasing rapidly leading to unprecedented permafrost thaw. The region's remoteness has hindered our knowledge of how permafrost thaw alters peatland land cover and hydrological response at multiple scales. To assess which landscapes in the Hudson Plains are vulnerable to such disturbances, we analysed latitudinal distributions of land cover over a 300‐km transect spanning the sporadic (<30% areal) to continuous (>80% areal) permafrost zone in northern Ontario and quantified land cover changes over 40 years using multiple remote sensing datasets (lidar, air photographs, and high‐resolution satellite imagery). We then evaluated these landscapes at a fundamental hydrological unit, the peatland complex, identified five peatland complex types, and conceptualized their potential hydrological response using circuitry analogues. Over four decades, we found that permafrost peatlands declined by 4%, 8.5%, and 2% areal in the sporadic, discontinuous, and continuous permafrost zones, respectively. Circuitry analogues partitioned peatland complexes into their component peatland forms (e.g., permafrost peatland, bog, and fen) and represented each component's hydrological function using an electrical equivalent (e.g., generator, switch, and conductor). When interpreted at the landscape scale, circuitry analogues demonstrated latitudinal patterns in landscape structure (i.e., circuitry wiring) and indicated where permafrost thaw will have the greatest impact on landscape structure (i.e., rewiring) and therefore hydrological response. Based on these analyses, we suggest a 60‐km latitudinal segment (54.5°N to 54.9°N) where peatland complexes are most vulnerable to permafrost‐thaw‐induced land cover and hydrological change and should therefore be the focus of future research and monitoring efforts.
Evaluation of global biogeochemical cycle in lotic and lentic waters by developing an advanced eco‐hydrologic and biogeochemical coupling model
Authors: Nakayama Tadanobu
Published: April 2023

Recent research suggests reservoirs and dams have a great impact on the transformation of the carbon cycle in inland water. The author so far developed an advanced model coupling eco‐hydrology with biogeochemical cycle [National Integrated Catchment‐based Eco‐hydrology (NICE)‐BGC] and applied it to river basins to include the effect of global major reservoirs on biogeochemical cycles. In the present study, he extended NICE‐BGC to couple with LAKE2K in a stratified water quality model to evaluate the global biogeochemical cycle in lotic and lentic waters. Simulated water levels agreed with reasonably observed values there, which means that hydrologic budgets were simulated correctly. Simulated particulate organic carbon (POC) flux was relatively in good agreement with the author's previous study, whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux was not highly correlated. This result means that there are limits to the application of the same partial differential equations as in inorganic carbon for derivatives either with or without reservoirs as assumed by the author's previous study. Further, the result showed the difference in DOC flux has a positive relation and that of POC flux has a negative relation with nutrient concentrations. The simulated result also implies the amount of transformation from POC to DOC increases as the nutrient concentration increases in lentic water. Finally, the author evaluated changes in the global carbon cycle due to anthropogenic factors such as the construction of artificial dams with nutrient concentrations in lentic water. These findings provide valuable insights for re‐evaluation of carbon cycle change because the changes of fluxes in lentic waters rather depend not only on the difference in water level or discharge but also on retention time, nutrient conditions and water temperature.
How resilience is framed matters for governance of coastal social‐ecological systems
Authors: Clement Sarah , Jozaei Javad , Mitchell Michael , Allen Craig R. , Garmestani Ahjond S.
Published: April 2023

Effective governance of social‐ecological systems (SES) is an enduring challenge, especially in coastal environments where accelerating impacts of climate change are increasing pressure on already stressed systems. While resilience is often proposed as a suitable framing to re‐orient governance and management, the literature includes many different, and sometimes conflicting, definitions and ideas that influence how the concept is applied, especially in coastal environments. This study combines discourse analysis of the coastal governance literature and key informant interviews in Tasmania, Australia, demonstrating inconsistencies and confusion in the way that resilience is framed in coastal governance research and practice. We find that resilience is most often framed as (1) a rate of recovery from disturbance or (2) the process of acting in response to, or anticipation of, a disturbance. A third framing considers resilience as an emergent property of SESs. This framing, social‐ecological resilience, accounts for multiple configurations of SES, which necessitates adaptation and transformation strategies to address changes across temporal and spatial scales. Coastal managers recognised the value of this third framing for governing coastal SESs, yet the confusion and inconsistency in the literature was also evident in how they understood and applied resilience in practice. Expanding the use of social‐ecological resilience is essential for more effective coastal governance, given the dynamics of coastal SESs and the intensity of social, economic, and environmental drivers of change these systems face. However, this requires addressing the unclear, confused, and superficial use of resilience‐oriented concepts in research and policy discourse.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular SEAr Reaction–Oxidation under Aerobic Conditions: Synthesis of Styryl‐/Alkenyl‐Substituted Xanthone Derivatives
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Kumar Sinha Prashant , Suresh Surisetti
Published: April 2023

Herein, we report a copper‐catalyzed intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr)−oxidation process to access a wide range of diversified xanthone derivatives using air as a sole oxidant. Specifically, this protocol affords hitherto unknown styryl‐/alkenyl‐substituted xanthone derivatives in moderate to high yields. The practicality of the method has been demonstrated by gram‐scale syntheses.
Carbon Capture Enhancement by Water‐Based Nanofluids in a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor
Authors: Yuan Cuiting , Pan Zhen , Wang Yan , Baena-Moreno Francisco M. , Constantinou Achilleas , Zhang Zhien
Published: April 2023

Nanoparticles are being used in the CO2 solvents to improve the capture performance. Herein, a 2D model is proposed to study the CO2 capture performance from a gaseous mixture using a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC). Both water‐based nanofluids of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and SiO2 are deployed as the carbon absorbents. It is verified that Brownian motion and grazing effect are the major reasons to enhance the mass transfer of nanofluids. The simulation findings show that the modeling data conform well with the experimental studies. The root‐mean‐square errors for SiO2 nanofluid and CNT nanofluid are 2.37% and 2.56%, respectively. When the amounts of nanoparticles increase between 0.02 and 0.06 wt%, CO2 capture efficiencies of SiO2 and CNT nanofluids increase by 7.92% and 13.17%, respectively. Also, the CNT nanofluid has a better capture performance than the SiO2 nanofluid. Furthermore, research is conducted into how membrane characteristics affect HFMC performance. It is indicated that increasing the membrane porosity and decreasing the membrane tortuosity have a positive impact on the capture efficiency. This work demonstrates the potentials in the use of nanoparticles in CO2 solvents and provides a solid theoretical basis for nanofluids to significantly enhance gas absorption.
Serine, glutamate, and proline in a high‐fat diet exacerbated metabolite reduction‐induced memory and cognitive decline
Authors: Zhang Miao , Shan Kai , Song Shangxin , Bai Juan , Jiang Ping , Zhao Di , Ke Weixin , Zhou Guanghong , Li Chunbao
Published: April 2023

Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive consumption of meat may cause memory loss and cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, a high‐chicken‐protein diet but not a high‐pork diet was found to have a markedly negative impact on the enteric nervous system and hippocampal function. Higher serine, glutamate, and proline levels in the high‐chicken‐protein diet inhibited the absorption capacity of amino acids, reduced the levels of neurotransmitters, and further increased hippocampal β‐secretase levels. Alzheimer's disease mouse model and cell studies confirmed that high‐chicken diet‐induced changes in the intestinal function further resulted in metabolic disorders with a reduction in L‐serine and niacinamide in serum, accumulation of hippocampal β‐amyloid, and eventually aggravated memory and cognitive decline. Our findings highlight the importance of serine, glutamate, and proline as systemic mediators of diet–gut–brain axis homeostasis against memory and cognitive dysfunctions associated with excessive intake of chicken.
Characterization and in vitro assessment of probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BXM2 from fermented honey passion fruit beverage
Authors: Guan Xuefang , Zhao Dazhou , Yang Yijun , Huang Junyang , Lin Bin , Zheng Yafeng , Wang Qi
Published: April 2023

A potential probiotic strain BXM2 was isolated from naturally fermented honey passion fruit beverage, and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum using 16S rDNA sequence analysis, rpoA gene sequence analysis combined with API bacterial identification method. BXM2 was evaluated for its probiotic and technological properties, such as growth efficiency, gastrointestinal tolerance, antibacterial activity and antibiotic resistance. The results showed that the optimum growth efficiency of BXM2 was achieved under the fermentation temperature ranged from 30°C to 37°C. The initial content of BXM2 (8.50 log CFU/mL) was decreased to 7.53 log CFU/mL after 3 h treatment in simulated gastric fluid (pH = 3.0) and 8.12 log CFU/mL after 6 h treatment in simulated intestinal fluid (pH = 8.0) (p < .05). BXM2 showed active antibacterial activity against oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia) and foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella Typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis) with average diameters of inhibition zones ranging from 11.00 to 21.67 mm. Autoaggregation rate of BXM2 was 55.41% and coaggregation rates with the tested pathogens ranged from 34.05% to 86.42%. The antibiotic resistance test showed that BXM2 was safe and sensitive to most of the antibiotics. This study provides valuable information for future investigation and industrial application of this selected strain BXM2.
Valorization and food applications of okara (soybean residue): A concurrent review
Authors: Asghar Aasma , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Ahmed Aftab , Ateeq Huda , Shah Yasir Abbas , Islam Fakhar , Hussain Muzzamal , Akram Noor , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: April 2023

Agriculture waste is rising continuously across the globe due to enormous industrial, food processing, and household activities. Proper valorization of this waste could be a promising source of various essential bioactive and functional ingredients. Okara is a major residue produced as result of soybean processing and has a rich nutritional profile. The nutritional profile of okara is affected by the processing conditions, variety, pre‐treatment, post‐production treatments, and processing techniques. Owing to the high fibers, lipids, proteins, and bioactive components, it is being used as an essential industrial ingredient in various food processing industries. The prebiotic potential and nutritional profile can be increased by various techniques, that is, enzymatic, chemical, biotransformation, high‐pressure microfludization, and fermentation. The prebiotic potential of okara makes it suitable as a therapeutic agent to prevent a variety of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipidemia. The current review highlights the structural, nutritional, functional, therapeutic, and industrial applications of okara.
Azido‐Functionalized Fullerenes, Perylenediimide, Perylene, and Tetraphenylethylene as Crosslinkers for Applications in Materials Science
Authors: Villegas Carmen , Diacon Aurel , Gorisse Thérèse , Derue Lionel , Freuze Ingrid , Allain Magali , Awada Hussein , Dautel Olivier , Wantz Guillaume , Hudhomme Piétrick
Published: April 2023

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of novel azido molecules with demonstrated crosslinking ability when used as additives in polymer/fullerene organic solar cells. These compounds derived from fullerenes C60 and C70, or dyes from perylenediimide, perylene and tetraphenylethylene frameworks, bearing a different number of azido groups, are of particular interest to stabilize and increase the thermal stability of the device morphology. In particular, the electro and photoactive dye derivatives allow the introduction of additional functionality with the possibility of extending the absorption domain of the photoactive layer. In addition, and more broadly, such azido crosslinkers could find applications in the field of optoelectronic devices as a simple and cheap strategy to improve the performance and long‐term stability of organic solar cells, perovskites solar cells, or organic light‐emitting diodes.
Reproduction patterns among classical Hodgkin lymphoma survivors treated with BEACOPP and ABVD in Sweden, Denmark and Norway—A population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Entrop Joshua P. , Weibull Caroline E. , Smedby Karin E. , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Øvlisen Andreas K. , Molin Daniel , Glimelius Ingrid , Marklund Anna , Holte Harald , Fosså Alexander , Smeland Knut B. , El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Eloranta Sandra
Published: April 2023

Childbirth rates in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) survivors have historically been reduced compared to the general population. Understanding if contemporary treatment protocols are associated with reduced fertility is crucial as treatment guidelines shift toward more liberal use of intensive chemotherapy. We identified 2834 individuals aged 18‐40 years with cHL in Swedish and Danish lymphoma registers, and in the clinical database at Oslo University Hospital diagnosed 1995‐2018, who were linked to national medical birth registers. Cox regression adjusted for stage, performance status, year, and age at diagnosis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) contrasting time to first childbirth by treatment groups (ABVD, 2‐4 BEACOPP, 6‐8 BEACOPP) up to 10 years after diagnosis. Overall, 74.8% of patients were treated with ABVD, 3.1% with 2‐4 BEACOPP and 11.2% with 6‐8 BEACOPP. Adjusted HRs comparing childbirth rates in individuals treated with 6‐8 BEACOPP, and 2‐4 BEACOPP to ABVD were 0.53 (CI: 0.36‐0.77) and 0.33 (CI: 0.12‐0.91) for males, and 0.91 (CI: 0.61‐1.34) and 0.38 (CI: 0.12‐1.21) for females. Cumulative incidence of childbirths after 10 years was 19.8% (CI: 14.5%‐27.0%) for males and 34.3% (CI: 25.8%‐45.6%) for females treated with 6‐8 BEACOPP. Proportions of children born after assisted reproductive technique (ART) treatments were 77.4% (CI: 60.2‐88.6%) for males following 6‐8 BEACOPP, and <11% for females. Among ABVD treated patients the corresponding proportions were 12.2% (CI: 8.5%‐17.3%) and 10.6% (CI: 7.4%‐14.9%). BEACOPP treatment is associated with decreased childbirth rates compared to ABVD in male, but not female, cHL patients, despite widespread access to ART in the Nordics.
Impacts of disrespectful care and abusive care practices in maternity units and potential interventions to improve the quality of care in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A narrative review
Authors: Amathullah Ahamad Salman , Rishard Mohamed , Walpita Yasaswi
Published: April 2023

This review article explored the impacts of disrespectful care and abusive care practices and the potential interventions to eliminate those practices. Respectful maternity care is a fundamental right for all women. It ensures that women are able to exercise their rights in maternity care. However, research studies have shown the recent prevalence of poor‐quality care for women in maternity units in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The literature on this topic was searched on PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Science Direct/ Elsevier, and SCOPUS. A total of 24 qualitative and quantitative research articles were included. Thematic analysis was conducted by using the six steps. Impacts are coded on topics including psychological impacts due to disrespectful and abusive care practices, impact on the care process, normalization of the absence of care, suppression of knowledge regarding the labor process, and poor obstetric outcomes. Interventions are coded on topics including programs for health professionals to improve care, education and empowerment programs targeting the women and community, enacting policies and guidelines regarding disrespectful and abusive care practices and improving the facilities in the healthcare system. The majority of the evidenced‐based interventions were multi‐component and tailored to the needs of a particular setting. More research evidence is needed to inform the healthcare authorities and policymakers to transform these potential interventions into practice. Future research should clearly document the effectiveness of various combinations of interventions, feasibility, cost‐effectiveness, and outcomes.
Intrapartum ultrasound for fetal head asynclitism: Is it possible to establish a degree of asynclitism to correlate to delivery outcome?
Authors: Birol Ilter Pinar , Yassa Murat , Timur Hakan , Dogan Ozan , Tekin Arzu Bilge , Haydar Ahmad , Gulumser Cagri , Tug Niyazi , Malvasi Antonio , Tinelli Andrea
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the role of intrapartum ultrasound (IU) in the diagnosis of asynclitism and the importance of asynclitism degree in labor outcomes.

Method

This prospective cohort study included 41 low‐risk pregnant women with fetus in singleton‐vertex. The IU assessment to diagnose asynclitism was performed during labor at two specific steps, including the suspicion and/or diagnosis of labor arrest. The “four‐chamber view” and “squint sign without nose” were classified as marked/severe asynclitism. The “midline deviation” and “squint sign with nose” findings were classified as moderate asynclitism. Obstetric outcomes and maternal‐fetal complications were compared with the degree of asynclitism.

Results

Severe and moderate asynclitism was seen in 17 (41.7%), 10 (58.8%) and seven (41.2%) women, respectively. All pregnant women diagnosed with asynclitism delivered by vacuum extraction (VE) or cesarean section (CS). CS was performed in nine patients with asynclitism (52.9%). The difference between asynclitism type and VE/CS ratios was statistically significant (P = 0.039). Four fetuses with squint sign without nose delivered by VE. A significant correlation was seen between the presence of squint without nose sign and second−/third‐degree perineal injury.

Conclusion

Severe asynclitism is associated with increasing operative birth and maternal‐fetal complications. Detection of asynclitism degree by IU could be useful, alerting the obstetrics team to possible perinatal problems during delivery.
A case of testicular cancer with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis of teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy 18 years after initial treatment
Authors: Yamashita Maiko , Sakai Takanari , Yamashita Shinichi , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Goto Takuro , Sato Takuma , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Kawamorita Naoki , Tanaka Takaki , Ito Akihiro
Published: April 2023

Introduction

In testicular cancer, late relapse of teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy is rare and associated with a poor survival. A case of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis of teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy 18 years after initial treatment for testicular cancer is reported.

Case presentation

A 46‐year‐old man had a 15‐mm‐sized mass in the para‐aortic region 18 years after initial treatment for testicular cancer, without elevated serum alfa‐fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed. The pathological findings showed teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy, and the findings of primary testicular cancer reported a yolk sac tumor, not teratoma.

Conclusion

Late relapse of teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy was resected by laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Therefore, long‐term follow‐up should be considered if patients with small retroperitoneal masses did not undergo retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and early detection and surgical resection for relapse might be effective.
“Every day do something that won't compute”: Student perceptions of daily poetry practice
Authors: Davis Megan
Published: April 2023

This article considers high school students' relationship to poetry through a small‐scale qualitative study guided by the question: what happens to student perceptions of poetry when class begins each day with a poem? As a former teacher and current teacher educator, I conducted a series of interviews with a small group of my former students regarding their experiences with poetry throughout their K‐12 education and with hearing a poem each day in their high school English Language Arts classroom. I sought to explore the dimensions and possibilities of non‐analytical literacy practices in addition to student perceptions of poetry as they relate to schooling contexts more broadly.
Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐8‐hydroxycoumarin
Authors: dos Santos Silva Edvannia , Matos Maria João , Maistro Edson Luis
Published: April 2023

A wide variety of natural and synthetic coumarins present therapeutic potential. Therefore, the assessment of their safety for humans is essential. 3‐(3,4‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐8‐hydroxycoumarin is a coumarin derivative with antioxidant properties, among other biological activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of this molecule on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2/C3A). The results obtained for the cytotoxicity assays, evaluated by the trypan blue staining assay, using concentrations between 0.1 and 20 μg/mL, showed that there is no decrease in cell viability for both cell lines. The MTT assay showed a significant decrease in the viability of HepG2/C3A cells at the highest concentrations tested, after 48 h, for all the tested concentrations, after 72 h of exposure. Regarding the genotoxic assays, the data obtained by the comet assay and the micronucleus test, up to the tested concentration of 10 μg/mL, do not show significant DNA damage and/or chromosomal mutations, for both cell lines. However, at the highest tested concentration of 20 μg/mL, a small but significant genotoxic effect was observed in PBMC. In view of the observed results, it can be concluded that the 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐8‐hydroxycoumarin, up to a concentration of 10 μg/mL, does not present genotoxic effects in human cells with and without liver enzymes metabolism. Additional studies with higher concentrations of this molecule need to be performed to address its complete biosafety.
Coordination of noble gases by alkali‐metal‐like superatom cationBe3B+
Authors: Yashmin Farnaz , Mazumder Lakhya J. , Sharma Rohan , Sharma Pankaz K.
Published: April 2023

Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to investigate the noble gas binding ability of Be3B+cluster. Calculations reveal that heavier noble gas atoms (ArXe) form stable complexes with this cluster. Detailed bonding analyses reveal that the noble gas atoms act as donor fragment in the formation of Ng → Be donor–acceptor bonds. Three noble gas atoms can consecutively form bonds with the Be atom of the Be3B+cluster.
Assessment of fetal pulmonary artery Doppler indices in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Menekse Beser Dilek , Oluklu Deniz , Uyan Hendem Derya , Yildirim Muradiye , Serbetci Hakkı , Kara Ozgur , Sahin Dilek
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To investigate fetal pulmonary artery Doppler parameters in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods

This case–control study included 24 pregnant women diagnosed with 13 AS and 11 RA and 48 healthy pregnant women at 29–30 weeks of gestation. The demographic and clinical features were recorded, including disease type and duration, attacks during pregnancy, and medications. Pulmonary artery acceleration time (AT), ejection time (ET), and pulmonary artery acceleration time to ejection time (PATET) ratio were measured by manual trace with spectral Doppler ultrasound.

Results

A shorter pulmonary AT and lower PATET ratio were found in the case group (34.8 ± 2.3, p < 0.001, 0.18 ± 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing the groups that had an attack during pregnancy and had not, there were no significant differences in the pulmonary artery indices. We also demonstrated a moderate correlation between maternal disease years and the PATET ratio (r = −0.562, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

This is the first study to evaluate the effect of RA and AS on fetal pulmonary indices. Maternal inflammation might affect pulmonary development and circulation. Fetal pulmonary Doppler indices can be used to obtain further information about neonatal respiratory morbidities in rheumatological disorders.
Biochar addition reduces non‐CO2 greenhouse gas emissions during composting of human excreta and cattle manure
Authors: Castro‐Herrera Daniela , Prost Katharina , Kim Dong‐Gill , Yimer Fantaw , Tadesse Menfese , Gebrehiwot Mersha , Brüggemann Nicolas
Published: April 2023

Ecological sanitation combined with thermophilic composting is a viable option to transform human excreta into a stabilized, pathogen‐free, and nutrient‐rich fertilizer. In combination with suitable bulking materials such as sawdust and straw, and additives such as biochar, this could also be a suitable waste management strategy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we conducted a 143‐days thermophilic composting of human excreta or cattle manure together with teff straw, organic waste, and biochar to investigate the effect that biochar has on GHG (CO2, N2O, and CH4) and NH3 emissions. The composting was performed in wooden boxes (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.4 m3), GHG were measured by using a portable FTIR gas analyzer and NH3 was sampled as ammonium in an H2SO4 trap. We found that the addition of biochar significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 91% in the cattle manure compost, and N2O emissions by 56%−57% in both humanure and cattle manure composts. Overall, non‐CO2 GHG emissions were reduced by 51%−71%. In contrast, we did not observe a significant biochar effect on CO2 and NH3 emissions. Previous data already showed that it is possible to sanitize human fecal material when using this composting method. Our results suggest that thermophilic composting with biochar addition is a safe and cost‐effective waste management practice for producing a nutrient‐rich fertilizer from human excreta, while reducing GHG emissions at the same time.
Anoikis‐related signature in liver hepatocellular carcinoma defines the YBX1/SPP1 axis by machine learning strategies and valid experiments
Authors: Ma Ying , She Xingguo , Zhao Jie , Liu Shu , Li Cai , Wang Qiang
Published: April 2023

Background

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains a malignant malignancy with a low cure rate. Anoikis is a newly recognized cancer hallmark. However, an Anoikis‐related model has not been clarified in LIHC.

Methods

The Anoikis‐related score in the present study was created using Survival Random Forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) machine learning algorithms. Anoikis‐related scores with respect to mutation analysis, immunological analysis, function annotation, and medication prediction were all thoroughly investigated.

Results

The Anoikis‐related score accurately predicted the patients' immunological activity, altered genes, and medication sensitivity. SPP1 immunological analysis, function annotation, medication prediction, and immunotherapy prediction were systematically investigated. SPP1 may effectively predict the outcomes of immunotherapy. SPP1 was revealed to be a mediator of LIHC cell proliferation and migration. A putative axis in LIHC was YBX1/SPP1.

Conclusions

Clinical care and the treatment plan for patients with LIHC were anticipated to benefit significantly from the established Anoikis‐related score.
Talcott Parsons on building personality system theory via psychoanalysis
Authors: Treviño A. Javier
Published: April 2023

This article examines Talcott Parsons's efforts at building the theory of personality system as a special case of his general theory of action and places those efforts in historical context. I demonstrate how, during the middle decades of the twentieth century, Parsons employed elements of classic Freudian thought to advance a new appreciation of the personality system and its relations to other action systems. I begin with an overview of the reception of psychoanalysis at the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Harvard Department of Social Relations, showing how Parsons's thinking on the personality system cannot be understood apart from his association with these three institutions. I then turn to how Parsons endeavored to integrate his particular brand of sociology with his own interpretation of Freud's writings to explain how the personality system functions and develops. I conclude by showing that while Parsons's involvements with psychoanalysis became more intermittent after the mid‐1950s, to the end of his life he remained steadfast in his enthusiasm for Freud's theory of personality. In short, Parsons always believed that for sociological theory to progress, it needed to engage with psychoanalysis.
Reflections on the use of patient records: Privacy, ethics, and reparations in the history of psychiatry
Authors: Sadowsky Jonathan , Smith Kylie
Published: April 2023

One of the most common questions we get asked as historians of psychiatry is “do you have access to patient records?” Why are people so fascinated with the psychiatric patient record? Do people assume they are or should be available? Does access to the patient record actually tell us anything new about the history of psychiatry? And if we did have them, what can, or should we do with them? In the push to both decolonize and personalize the history of psychiatry, as well as make some kind of account or reparation for past mistakes, how can we proceed in an ethical manner that respects the privacy of people in the past who never imagined their intensely personal psychiatric encounter as subject for future historians? In this paper, we want to think through some of the issues that we deal with as white historians of psychiatry especially at the intersection of privacy, ethics, and racism. We present our thoughts as a conversation, structured around questions we have posed for ourselves, and building on discussions we have had together over the past few years. We hope that they act as a catalyst for further discussion in the field.
[EMIM]AlCl4‐ionic liquid catalyzed mechanochemically assisted synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐one and thione derivatives
Authors: Popatkar Bhushan B. , Sasane Nitin A. , Meshram Gangadhar A.
Published: April 2023

[EMIM]AlCl4 (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate) ionic liquid catalyzed mechanochemically assisted methodology for the Biginelli reaction has been developed successfully. One‐pot, multicomponent reaction between ethyl/methyl acetoacetate, urea/thiourea, and various aromatic/aliphatic and heterocyclic aldehydes in presence of catalytic amount of [EMIM]AlCl4 under grinding conditions in ethanol affords 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐one and its thione derivatives. Short reaction time, inclusion of eco‐friendly solvent, moderate to high yield of the product, and operational simplicity are some of the noteworthy features of this protocol. In consequence, the described procedure finds an alternative way to existing methods for the synthesis of the titled compounds.
Automated radiosynthesis of 1‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐L‐tryptophan ([18F]FETrp) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of cancer in humans
Authors: Jiang Huailei , Guo Yan , Cai Hancheng , Viola Nerissa , Shields Anthony Frank , Muzik Otto , Juhasz Csaba
Published: April 2023

The radiotracer 1‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐L‐tryptophan (L‐[18F]FETrp or [18F]FETrp) is a substrate of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase, the initial and key enzyme of the kynurenine pathway associated with tumoral immune resistance. In preclinical positron emission tomography studies, [18F]FETrp is highly accumulated in a wide range of primary and metastatic cancers, such as lung cancer, prostate cancer, and gliomas. However, the clinical translation of this radiotracer into the first‐in‐human trial has not been reported, partially due to its racemization during radiofluorination which renders the purification of the final product challenging. However, efficient purification is essential for human studies in order to assure radiochemical and enantiomeric purity. In this work, we report a fully automated radiosynthesis of [18F]FETrp on a Synthra RNPlus research module, including a one‐pot two steps radiosynthesis, dual independent chiral and reverse‐phase semipreparative high‐performance liquid chromatography purifications, and solid‐phase extraction‐assisted formulation. The presented approach has led to its Investigational New Drug application and approval that allows the testing of this tracer in humans.
LSW‐Net: Lightweight Deep Neural Network Based on Small‐World properties for Spine MR Image Segmentation
Authors: He Siyuan , Li Qi , Li Xianda , Zhang Mengchao
Published: April 2023

Background

Segmenting spinal tissues from MR images is important for automatic image analysis. Deep neural network‐based segmentation methods are efficient, yet have high computational costs.

Purpose

To design a lightweight model based on small‐world properties (LSW‐Net) to segment spinal MR images, suitable for low‐computing‐power embedded devices.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 386 subjects (2948 images) from two independent sources. Dataset I: 214 subjects/779 images, all for disk degeneration screening, 147 had disk degeneration, 52 had herniated disc. Dataset II: 172 subjects/2169 images, 142 patients with vertebral degeneration, 163 patients with disc degeneration. 70% images in each dataset for training, 20% for validation, and 10% for testing.

Field Strength/Sequence

T1‐ and T2‐weighted turbo spin echo sequences at 3 T.

Assessment

Segmentation performance of LSW‐Net was compared with four mainstream (including U‐net and U‐net++) and five lightweight models using five radiologists' manual segmentations (vertebrae, disks, spinal fluid) as reference standard. LSW‐Net was also deployed on NVIDIA Jetson nano to compare the pixels number in segmented vertebrae and disks.

Statistical Tests

All models were evaluated with accuracy, precision, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC). Pixel numbers segmented by LSW‐Net on the embedded device were compared with manual segmentation using paired t‐tests, with P < 0.05 indicating significance.

Results

LSW‐Net had 98.5% fewer parameters than U‐net but achieved similar accuracy in both datasets (dataset I: DSC 0.84 vs. 0.87, AUC 0.92 vs. 0.94; dataset II: DSC 0.82 vs. 0.82, AUC 0.88 vs. 0.88). LSW‐Net showed no significant differences in pixel numbers for vertebrae (dataset I: 5893.49 vs. 5752.61, P = 0.21; dataset II: 5073.42 vs. 5137.12, P = 0.56) and disks (dataset I: 1513.07 vs. 1535.69, P = 0.42; dataset II: 1049.74 vs. 1087.88, P = 0.24) segmentation on an embedded device compared to manual segmentation.

Data Conclusion

Proposed LSW‐Net achieves high accuracy with fewer parameters than U‐net and can be deployed on embedded device, facilitating wider application.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

1.
Smart Design of Sensor‐Coated Surgical Sutures for Bacterial Infection Monitoring
Authors: Fontana‐Escartín Adrián , Hauadi Karima El , Lanzalaco Sonia , Pérez‐Madrigal Maria M. , Armelin Elaine , Turon Pau , Alemán Carlos
Published: April 2023

Virtually, all implantable medical devices are susceptible to infection. As the main healthcare issue concerning implantable devices is the elevated risk of infection, different strategies based on the coating or functionalization of biomedical devices with antiseptic agents or antibiotics are proposed. In this work, an alternative approach is presented, which consists of the functionalization of implantable medical devices with sensors capable of detecting infection at very early stages through continuous monitoring of the bacteria metabolism. This approach, which is implemented in surgical sutures as a representative case of implantable devices susceptible to bacteria colonization, is expected to minimize the risk of worsening the patient's clinical condition. More specifically, non‐absorbable polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) surgical sutures are functionalized with conducting polymers using a combination of low‐pressure oxygen plasma, chemical oxidative polymerization, and anodic polymerization, to detect metabolites coming from bacteria respiration. Functionalized suture yarns are used for real‐time monitoring of bacteria growth, demonstrating the potential of this strategy to fight against infections.
Advanced models for respiratory disease and drug studies
Authors: Shrestha Jesus , Paudel Keshav Raj , Nazari Hojjatollah , Dharwal Vivek , Bazaz Sajad Razavi , Johansen Matt D. , Dua Kamal , Hansbro Philip M. , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi
Published: April 2023

The global burden of respiratory diseases is enormous, with many millions of people suffering and dying prematurely every year. The global COVID‐19 pandemic witnessed recently, along with increased air pollution and wildfire events, increases the urgency of identifying the most effective therapeutic measures to combat these diseases even further. Despite increasing expenditure and extensive collaborative efforts to identify and develop the most effective and safe treatments, the failure rates of drugs evaluated in human clinical trials are high. To reverse these trends and minimize the cost of drug development, ineffective drug candidates must be eliminated as early as possible by employing new, efficient, and accurate preclinical screening approaches. Animal models have been the mainstay of pulmonary research as they recapitulate the complex physiological processes, Multiorgan interplay, disease phenotypes of disease, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. Recently, the use of advanced culture technologies such as organoids and lung‐on‐a‐chip models has gained increasing attention because of their potential to reproduce human diseased states and physiology, with clinically relevant responses to drugs and toxins. This review provides an overview of different animal models for studying respiratory diseases and evaluating drugs. We also highlight recent progress in cell culture technologies to advance integrated models and discuss current challenges and present future perspectives.
Targeting epigenetic modifications in Parkinson's disease therapy
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Jifa , Wang Yuxi , Wang Guan , Tang Pan , Liu Yun , Zhang Yiwen , Ouyang Liang
Published: April 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease due to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Recent efforts shed new light on the epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulating pathways related to the development of PD, including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, and the presence of microRNA (miRNA or miR). Epigenetic regulators are potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. In the review, we aim to summarize mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in PD, and describe how the DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, and histone acetyltransferases that mediate the key processes of PD are attractive therapeutic targets. We discuss the use of inhibitors and/or activators of these regulators in PD models or patients, and how these small molecule epigenetic modulators elicit neuroprotective effects. Further more, given the importance of miRNAs in PD, their contributions to the underlying mechanisms of PD will be discussed as well, together with miRNA‐based therapies.