bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in expression of immune elements emerge in children, young adults and mice with osteosarcoma
Authors: Mills Lauren J. , Spector Logan G. , Largaespada David A. , Williams Lindsay A.
Published: January 2021

Background

Males < 40 years old are more likely to be diagnosed with and die from osteosarcoma (OS). The underlying mechanisms may depend on sex differences in immune response.

Methods

We used SEER data to estimate survival differences between males and females aged < 40 years at OS diagnosis. In NCI TARGET-OS cases, we determined sex differences in gene expression, conducted Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and applied the LM22 signature to identify biologic sex differences. We compared sex differences in gene expression profiles in TARGET-OS to those observed inSleeping Beauty(SB) transposon mutagenesis acceleratedTrp53R270H-mutant mouse-OS and healthy adult osteoblasts.

Results

Males had worse 17-year overall survival than females (SEERp< 0.0001). From 87 TARGET-OS cases, we observed 1018 genes and 69 pathways that differed significantly by sex (adjustedp< 0.05). Pathway and gene lists overlapped with those from mice (p= 0.03) and healthy osteoblasts (p= 0.017), respectively. Pathways that differed significantly by sex were largely immune-based and included the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy pathway. We observed sex differences in M2 macrophages (LM22;p= 0.056) and M1-M2 macrophage transition (GSEA;p= 0.037) in TARGET-OS. LM22 trends were similar in mice. Twenty-four genes differentially expressed by sex in TARGET-OS had existing cancer therapies.

Conclusions

Sex differences in OS gene expression were similar across species and centered on immune pathways. Identified sex-specific therapeutic targets may improve outcomes in young individuals with OS.
JPEG image steganography payload location based on optimal estimation of cover co-frequency sub-image
Authors: Wang Jie , Yang Chunfang , Zhu Ma , Song Xiaofeng , Liu Yuan , Lian Yuemeng
Published: January 2021

The excellent cover estimation is very important to the payload location of JPEG image steganography. But it is still hard to exactly estimate the quantized DCT coefficients in cover JPEG image. Therefore, this paper proposes a JPEG image steganography payload location method based on optimal estimation of cover co-frequency sub-image, which estimates the cover JPEG image based on the Markov model of co-frequency sub-image. The proposed method combines the coefficients of the same position in each 8 × 8 block in the JPEG image to obtain 64 co-frequency sub-images and then uses the maximum a posterior (MAP) probability algorithm to find the optimal estimations of cover co-frequency sub-images by the Markov model. Then, the residual of each DCT coefficient is obtained by computing the absolute difference between it and the estimated cover version of it, and the average residual over coefficients in the same position of multiple stego images embedded along the same path is used to estimate the stego position. The experimental results show that the proposed payload location method can significantly improve the locating accuracy of the stego positions in low frequencies.
Impact of environmental cleaning on the colonization and infection rates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients within the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Li Yang , Ge Hai , Zhou Hui , Zhou Wanqing , Zheng Jie , Chen Wei , Cao Xiaoli
Published: January 2021

Objective

To continuously evaluate the effect of environmental cleaning and hand hygiene compliance on the colonization and infection rates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) in the patients within an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Environmental cleaning on the high-touch clinical surfaces (HTCS) within a comprehensive ICU was evaluated through monitoring fluorescent marks when the overall compliance with hand hygiene during 2013–2014 was monitored. Meanwhile, samples from the HTCS and inpatients were collected and sent for bacterial culture and identification. The drug susceptibility testing was further implemented to monitor the prevalence of MDR-AB. The genetic relatedness of MDR-AB collected either from the HTCS or inpatients was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) when an outbreak was doubted.

Results

The overall compliance with hand hygiene remained relatively stable during 2013–2014. Under this circumstance, the clearance rate of fluorescence marks on the environmental surfaces within ICUs significantly increased from 21.9 to 85.7%, and accordingly the colonization and infection rates of MDR-AB decreased from 16.5 to 6.6‰ and from 7.4 to 2.8‰, respectively, from the beginning to the end of 2013. However, during 2014, because of frequent change and movement of environmental services staff, the clearance rate of fluorescence marks decreased below 50.0%, and the overall colonization and infection rates of MDR-AB correspondingly increased from 9.1 to 11.1‰ and from 1.5 to 3.9‰, respectively. PFGE displayed a high genetic relatedness between the MDR-AB strains analyzed, indicating a dissemination of MDR-AB during the surveillance period.

Conclusion

For the easily disseminated MDR-AB within ICUs, the clearance rate of fluorescence labeling on HTCS is negatively correlated with the hospital infection rate of MDR-AB. Such an invisible fluorescence labelling is an effective and convenient method to continuously monitor cleanness of medical environment within hospitals.
Impact of replacing powdered gloves with powder-free gloves on hand-hygiene compliance among healthcare workers of an intensive care unit: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves , Bellissimo-Rodrigues Fernando , Ciol Marcia A. , Auxiliadora-Martins Maria , Basile-Filho Anibal , da Silva Canini Silvia Rita Marin , Gir Elucir , Laus Ana Maria
Published: January 2021

Background/objective

After wearing powdered gloves, healthcare workers (HCW) are supposed to wash their hands instead of using alcohol-based hand-rub (ABHR). Washing hands takes longer than using ABHR, and the use of powdered gloves may be an obstacle to hand-hygiene compliance. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of replacing powdered gloves with powder-free gloves on hand-hygiene compliance among HCW of an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a general ICU of a tertiary care university hospital in Brazil. From June 1st to July 15th, 2017, all HCW were provided with powdered latex gloves only for all clinical procedures. From July 15th to August 31st, 2017, HCW were provided with nitrile powder-free gloves only. Hand-hygiene compliance was assessed through direct observation, and evaluated according to the World Health Organization Hand Hygiene guidelines. We calculated that a sample size of 544 hand hygiene opportunities needed to be observed per period. Data analysis were performed using the STATA SE® version 14, and we compared the individual’s percentage of compliance using the t test for paired data before and after the intervention.

Results

Overall, 40 HCW were assessed before and after the introduction of nitrile powder-free gloves, with 1114 and 1139 observations of hand hygiene opportunities, respectively. The proportion of compliance with hand hygiene was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51–59%) using powdered latex gloves and 60% (95% CI 57–63%) using powder-free gloves. The difference in proportions between the two types of gloves was 5.1% (95% CI 2.5–7.6%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data indicate that replacing powdered gloves with powder-free gloves positively influenced hand-hygiene compliance by HCW in an ICU setting.
Bayesian zero-inflated regression model with application to under-five child mortality
Authors: Workie Mekuanint Simeneh , Azene Abebaw Gedef
Published: January 2021

Under-five mortality is defined as the likelihood of a child born alive to die between birth and fifth birthday. Mortality of under the age of five has been the most targets of public health policies and may be a common indicator of mortality levels. Thus, this study aimed to assess the under-five child mortality and modeling Bayesian zero-inflated regression model of the determinants of under-five child mortality. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. The sample was stratified and selected in a two-stage cluster sampling design. The Bayesian analytic approach was applied to model the mixture arrangement inherent in zero-inflated count data by using the negative Binomial–logit hurdle model. About 71.09% of the mothers had not faced any under-five deaths in their lifetime while 28.91% of the women experienced the death of their under-five children and the data were found to have excess zeros. From Bayesian Negative Binomial—logit hurdle model it was found that twin (OR = 1.56; HPD CrI 1.23, 1.94), Primary and Secondary education (OR = 0.68; HPD CrI 0.59, 0.79), mother’s age at the first birth: 16–25 (OR = 0.83; HPD CrI 0.75, 0.92) and ≥ 26 (OR = 0.71; HPD CrI 0.52, 0.95), using contraceptive method (OR = 0.73; HPD CrI 0.64, 0.84) and antenatal visits during pregnancy (OR = 0.83; HPD CrI 0.75, 0.92) were statistically associated with the number of non-zero under-five deaths in Ethiopia. The finding from the Bayesian Negative Binomial–logit hurdle model is getting popular in data analysis than the Negative Binomial–logit hurdle model because the technique is more robust and precise. Furthermore, Using the Bayesian Negative Binomial–logit hurdle model helps in selecting the most significant factor: mother’s education, Mothers age, Birth order, type of birth, mother’s age at the first birth, using a contraceptive method, and antenatal visits during pregnancy were the most important determinants of under-five child mortality.
Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Liposomes Containing n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Two Different Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Dupertuis Yves Marc , Boulens Nathalie , Angibaud Emmanuelle , Briod Anna-Sophia , Viglione Alexandre , Allémann Eric , Delie Florence , Pichard Claude
Published: January 2021

It has been shown that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) could act synergistically with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to kill cancer cells. To facilitate their simultaneous transport in the bloodstream, we synthesized, for the first time, liposomes (LIPUFU) containing 5-FU in the aqueous core and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at a ratio of 1:2 in the lipid bilayer. LIPUFU werestable with uniform size of 154 ± 4 nm, PDI of 0.19 ± 0.03 and zeta potential of -41 ± 2 mV. They contained 557 ± 210 μmol/l DHA, 1467 ± 362 μmol/l EPA, and 9.8 ± 1.1 μmol/l 5-FU. Control liposomes without (LIP) or with only 5-FU (LIFU) or n-3 PUFAs (LIPU) were produced in a similar way. The effects of these different liposomal formulations on the cell cycle, growth, and apoptosis were evaluated in two human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines differing in sensitivity to 5-FU, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses. LIPUFU were more cytotoxic than LIP, LIFU, and LIPU in both LS174T (p53+/+, bax−/−) and HT-29 (p53−/0, bax+/+) cell lines. Similar to LIFU, LIPUFU increased the percentage of cells in S phase, apoptosis, and/or necrosis. The cytotoxic potential of LIPUFU was confirmed in vivo by tumor growth inhibition in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. These results suggest that LIPUFU could be considered to facilitate the simultaneous transport of 5-FU and n-3 PUFAs to the tumor site, in particular in case of CRC liver metastases.
Shot noise as a probe for the pairing symmetry of iron pnictide superconductors
Authors: Benjamin Colin , Mohapatra Tusaradri
Published: January 2021

One of the outstanding problems in Iron pnictide research is the unambiguous detection of its pairing symmetry. The most probable candidates are the two-band

and sign-reversed

wave pairing. In this work the Andreev conductance and shot noise are used as a probe for the pairing symmetry of Iron pnictide superconductors. Clear differences emerge in both the zero bias differential conductance and the shot noise in the tunneling limit for the two cases enabling an effective distinction between the two.
Coherent propagation of powerful out-of-phase wave beams in linear arrays of weakly coupled cores
Authors: Balakin A. A. , Skobelev S. A. , Litvak A. G.
Published: January 2021

The coherent propagation and amplification of high-power laser beams in a multicore fiber (MCF) of

and

lattices of weakly coupled cores is studied. Exact stable analytical nonlinear solutions are found in the form of the out-of-phase distribution that describe the coherent propagation of wave beams in such MCFs. The use of these distributions makes it possible to operate with laser radiation with a power of up to 2N times of the critical self-focusing power in homogeneous media. The analytical results are confirmed by the direct numerical simulation of the wave equation. The limitations on active fiber parameters for stable amplification of the found out-of-phase solution are determined.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation temporally confines SUMO-dependent ataxin-3 recruitment to control DNA double-strand break repair
Authors: Pfeiffer Annika , Herzog Laura K. , Luijsterburg Martijn S. , Shah Rashmi G. , Rother Magdalena B. , Stoy Henriette , Kühbacher Ulrike , van Attikum Haico , Shah Girish M. , Dantuma Nico P.
Published: January 2021

DNA damage-induced SUMOylation serves as a signal for two antagonizing proteins that both stimulate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, we demonstrate that the SUMO-dependent recruitment of the deubiquitylating enzyme ataxin-3 to DSBs, unlike recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase RNF4, additionally depends on poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1)-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). The co-dependence of ataxin-3 recruitment on PARylation and SUMOylation temporally confines ataxin-3 to DSBs immediately after occurrence of DNA damage. We propose that this mechanism ensures that ataxin-3 prevents the premature removal of DNA repair proteins only during the early phase of the DSB response and does not interfere with the subsequent timely displacement of DNA repair proteins by RNF4. Thus, our data show that PARylation differentially regulates SUMO-dependent recruitment of ataxin-3 and RNF4 to DSBs, explaining how both proteins can play a stimulatory role at DSBs despite their opposing activities.
A novel degree of sex difference in laryngeal physiology of Xenopus muelleri: behavioral and evolutionary implications
Authors: South Kelly E. , Klingenberg Bernhard , Leininger Elizabeth C.
Published: January 2021

Characterizing sex and species differences in muscle physiology can contribute to a better understanding of proximate mechanisms underlying behavioral evolution. In Xenopus, the laryngeal muscle's ability to contract rapidly and its electromyogram potentiation allows males to produce calls that are more rapid and intensity-modulated than female calls. Prior comparative studies have shown that some species lacking typical male features of vocalizations sometimes show reduced sex differences in underlying laryngeal physiology. To further understand the evolution of sexually differentiated laryngeal muscle physiology and its role in generating behavior, we investigated sex differences in the laryngeal physiology of X. muelleri, a species in which male and female calls are similar in rapidity but different with respect to intensity modulation. We delivered ethologically relevant stimulus patterns to ex vivo X. muelleri larynges to investigate their ability to produce various call patterns, and we also delivered stimuli over a broader range of intervals to assess sex differences in muscle tension and electromyogram potentiation. We found a small but statistically significant sex difference in laryngeal electromyogram potentiation that varied depending on the number of stimuli. We also found a small interaction between sex and stimulus interval on muscle tension over an ethologically relevant range of stimulus intervals; male larynges were able to produce similar tensions to female larynges at slightly smaller (11–12 ms) inter-stimulus intervals. These findings are consistent with behavioral observations and present a previously undescribed intermediate sex difference in Xenopus laryngeal muscle physiology.
PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE DECEASED
Authors: Green Cole , Hernandez Alejandro
Published: January 2021

While the libertarian theory of property rights has been thoroughly studied, there has been minimal research done in regard to a deceased person’s ability to dictate the future of the property he owned in life. In this paper, we attempt to develop a theory of the property rights of deceased people consistent with libertarian principles. We analyze the legitimacy of contracts between two individuals after one individual dies, ownership of the cadaver, the deceased’s right to decide which actions are permissible to perform on the said cadaver, and the status of the deceased property when a will both has and has not been written. While there has been no explicit commentary made regarding these topics, outside from the will, the authors extrapolated current libertarian theories on property rights and applied them accordingly. While the authors of the paper ultimately do not reach a consensus agreement on some of the issues discussed in the paper, this exploratory work on the property rights of the deceased is intended to open further discussion and research on the matter to further contribute to the formulation of a concise libertarian legal theory.
RUBISCO PROTEIN PRODUCTION – LCA APPROACH
Authors: Skunca Dubravka , Romdhana Hedi , Brouwers Rob
Published: January 2021

The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the system of RuBisCo protein extraction and isolation from sugar beet leaves. Life cycle assessment (LCA) calculations have been completed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-cradle perspective covering seven subsystems: milling and extraction, heat treatment, centrifugation, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, chromatography and spray drying. In this paper, six environmental impact categories were analyzed: global warming potential, ozone layer depletion, energy demand, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, and land use. When RuBisCo protein extraction and isolation from different raw materials are compared, the only crop that has a lower environmental impact than sugar beet leaves is alfalfa, while the higher environmental impact has yellow mustard, ryegrass (mixture), Italian ryegrass, Brussels sprouts, English ryegrass, carrot leaves, leaf radish, and chicory. The comparison of environmental impact categories of different protein concentrates indicated that protein powder containing RuBisCo affected the environment less than egg protein concentrate. Direct comparison to other highly functional plant proteins was not possible as these are not in the market or have no LCA data available. RuBisCo was more environmentally impacting than regular soy protein. Our results for RuBisCo were in accordance with the low end of the range of results for microalgae, which is representing Chlorella HTF (heterotrophic fermenter), for most of the analyzed impact categories. This study found that the largest contributor to the environmental profile of the entire system of RuBisCo protein extraction and isolation from sugar beet leaves is the usage of electricity, while mitigation options for optimization of environmental impacts rely on the energy pinch approach for spray drying.
Tsetse blood-meal sources, endosymbionts and trypanosome-associations in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, a wildlife-human-livestock interface
Authors: Makhulu Edward Edmond , Villinger Jandouwe , Adunga Vincent Owino , Jeneby Maamun M. , Kimathi Edwin Murungi , Mararo Enock , Oundo Joseph Wang’ang’a , Musa Ali Abdulahi , Wambua Lillian
Published: January 2021

African trypanosomiasis (AT) is a neglected disease of both humans and animals caused byTrypanosomaparasites, which are transmitted by obligate hematophagous tsetse flies (Glossinaspp.). Knowledge on tsetse fly vertebrate hosts and the influence of tsetse endosymbionts on trypanosome presence, especially in wildlife-human-livestock interfaces, is limited. We identified tsetse species, their blood-meal sources, and correlations between endosymbionts and trypanosome presence in tsetse flies from the trypanosome-endemic Maasai Mara National Reserve (MMNR) in Kenya. Among 1167 tsetse flies (1136Glossina pallidipes, 31Glossina swynnertoni) collected from 10 sampling sites, 28 (2.4%) were positive by PCR for trypanosome DNA, most (17/28) being ofTrypanosoma vivaxspecies. Blood-meal analyses based on high-resolution melting analysis of vertebrate cytochrome c oxidase 1 and cytochrome b gene PCR products (n = 354) identified humans as the most common vertebrate host (37%), followed by hippopotamus (29.1%), African buffalo (26.3%), elephant (3.39%), and giraffe (0.84%). Flies positive for trypanosome DNA had fed on hippopotamus and buffalo. Tsetse flies were more likely to be positive for trypanosomes if they had theSodalis glossinidiusendosymbiont (P = 0.0002). These findings point to complex interactions of tsetse flies with trypanosomes, endosymbionts, and diverse vertebrate hosts in wildlife ecosystems such as in the MMNR, which should be considered in control programs. These interactions may contribute to the maintenance of tsetse populations and/or persistent circulation of African trypanosomes. Although the African buffalo is a key reservoir of AT, the higher proportion of hippopotamus blood-meals in flies with trypanosome DNA indicates that other wildlife species may be important in AT transmission. No trypanosomes associated with human disease were identified, but the high proportion of human blood-meals identified are indicative of human African trypanosomiasis risk. Our results add to existing data suggesting thatSodalisendosymbionts are associated with increased trypanosome presence in tsetse flies.
Patterns of relatedness and genetic diversity inferred from whole genome sequencing of archival blood fluke miracidia (Schistosoma japonicum)
Authors: Nikolakis Zachary L. , Hales Nicole R. , Perry Blair W. , Schield Drew R. , Timm Laura E. , Liu Yang , Zhong Bo , Kechris Katerina J. , Carlton Elizabeth J. , Pollock David D. , Castoe Todd A.
Published: January 2021

Genomic approaches hold great promise for resolving unanswered questions about transmission patterns and responses to control efforts for schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases. However, the cost of generating genomic data and the challenges associated with obtaining sufficient DNA from individual schistosome larvae (miracidia) from mammalian hosts have limited the application of genomic data for studying schistosomes and other complex macroparasites. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing whole genome amplification and sequencing (WGS) to analyze individual archival miracidia. As an example, we sequenced whole genomes of 22 miracidia from 11 human hosts representing two villages in rural Sichuan, China, and used these data to evaluate patterns of relatedness and genetic diversity. We also down-sampled our dataset to test how lower coverage sequencing could increase the cost effectiveness of WGS while maintaining power to accurately infer relatedness. Collectively, our results illustrate that population-level WGS datasets are attainable for individual miracidia and represent a powerful tool for ultimately providing insight into overall genetic diversity, parasite relatedness, and transmission patterns for better design and evaluation of disease control efforts.
Familiarity trumps playfulness: Exploring children’s preferences for playful design of vegetables
Authors: Hwang SunMin May , Alfalah Sarah , Kwon Jieun Misa , Kudrowitz Barry
Published: January 2021

Vegetable-based food and drink products are becoming more popular in the United States with increased awareness of health benefits as well as their positive environmental impact. Yet, there is a lack of attention in marketing these healthy vegetable food products to children, particularly in comparison to less-nutritious food products that are effectively utilizing child-oriented design in the marketplace. This article includes four exploratory studies. The first three studies are part of a co-design process involving children and chefs to create playful vegetable products that appeal to children. These studies result in a variety of playful vegetables concepts which are then evaluated in different methods by children. The preliminary results of these studies indicate that children do not prefer playful versions of vegetables significantly more than familiar versions. The final study presented in this article specifically examines the role of familiarity and colour on a child’s preference towards select vegetable products. Contrary to expectations, a trend uncovered in all four studies demonstrate children’s inclination towards the more familiar versions of a vegetable, illustrating a need for more appropriate design interventions to effectively bring about positive changes in children’s food choices.
Non-Thypoid Salmonella Causes Food-borne Diseases Causing:Prevention and Control
Authors: Zelpina Engki , Noor Susan M
Published: January 2021

Non-typhypoid Salmonella (NTS) is a pathogenic bacteria causing gastroenteritis in humans which is transmitted through animals and contaminated animal products with Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella enteritidis. Many cases of NTS infection in humans have been reported in the world, however most people in Indonesian are generally more familiar with Salmonella typhoid, which is caused by Salmonella typhoid and Salmonella paratypoid. Gastroenteritis due to NTS infection seldom requires antimicrobial treatment. If there is no post-infectious complications such as septicemia, reactive arthritis or aortic aneurysm. Eggs, chicken meat, raw milk and other animal products contaminated with NTS are a source of transmission through food (food-borne pathogens). An estimated 1-3% of pets carry NTS without causing illness. Treatment of NTS in humans can be done by administering antibiotics, but the increase in Salmonella resistance to several types of antibiotics makes it more effective to prevent it through biosecurity applications in farms and prevent contamination of livestock products and their derivatives. This paper provides an overview of NTS, epidemiology, diagnosis and procedures for infection prevention and control in humans and animal reservoirs.
R&D approach based on multiple partners and Design Thinking, Lean Startup, and Agile concepts: A case study in the electricity sector
Authors: Leal Lorenna Fernandes , Ribeiro Artur Tavares Vilas Boas , Romão Victor , Do Amaral Guilherme Soares Gurgel , Altmann Ricardo , Kahn Ricardo , Pacci Bruno Guilherme , Avo Marcos , Salerno Mario Sergio , Plonski Guilherme Ary , Zancul Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Goal: The paper aims to increase the understanding of the results and challenges that arise when running R&D projects based on multiple partners and the integration of Design Thinking, Lean Startup, and Agile concepts.

Design / Methodology / Approach: We followed a case study approach in the electricity sector. Two project cases were studied, using triangulated data from interviews, internal documents, and non-participant observations.

Results: The results of the Design Thinking, Lean Startup, and Agile concepts application in R&D projects show improvements in knowledge absorption, solution improvement through collaborative insights between partners, and identification of short-term opportunities. Some challenges, however, were identified, such as noisy integration, the role of the project manager requiring a sophisticated skillset, and complicated decision-making processes.

Limitations of the investigation: The conclusions have the inherent limitations of a case study conducted in one industrial sector and two projects led by one company.

Practical implications: The evolving competitive landscape demands more effective pathways to foster innovation. Recent approaches to innovation have challenged R&D practices. This study discusses a new way of addressing R&D efforts with multiple partners by integrating Design Thinking, Lean Startup, and Agile concepts.

Originality / Value: The combined and coherent application of concepts derived from Design Thinking, Lean Startup, and Agile in R&D practices in the electricity sector is new. The high volume of R&D activity in the electricity sector makes this in-depth analysis both relevant and valuable.
Analisis Kesiapan Pelaksana dalam Menerapkan Program Pengendalian COVID-19 di Desa Meteseh
Authors: Prakusya Lelly , Jati Sutopo Patria , Nandini Nurhasmadiar
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic in 2020. As of May 25, 2020 there were 22,750 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Prevention and control of COVID-19 needs to be carried out by the village government which is in direct contact with the community. Supported by the issuance of Permendes No. 6 of 2020 concerning the Implementation Regulations for the COVID-19 Response Village Program. Meteseh Village is one of the villages in Kendal Regency that has a risk of spreading COVID-19. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using in-depth interviews using purposive technique with informants selected based on criteria and literature study. The results show that the implementation of the COVID-19 Response Village Program in Meteseh Village has not been running optimally due to unclear implementation standards in related policies, limited human resource capacity in program planning and resource management, especially in the aspect of controlling COVID-19 and the community attitudes that do not apply health protocols influenced by social, economic, political conditions. Therefore, Meteseh Village is advised to increase the role of village midwives to provide education about the handling of COVID-19 to program implementers, increase the participation of health workers, religious leaders and community leaders in Meteseh Village to assist in handling COVID-19, continue to provide informations of COVID-19 and conduct evaluation activities of program implementation including make a complete written report about program implementation.
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction Among Pregnant Patients in The Out-Patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Section at Metropolitan Medical Center Manila
Authors: Widjaja Herry Prabowo Krestiyanto
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT            Patient satisfaction reflects the quality of an institution’s delivery of health care services. Patient satisfaction is a critical factor in improvement or complete recuperation to wellness because satisfied patients will mean better compliance to treatment or follow up. As reported in the 2017 Annual OPD census of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, there were 2617 total patient consultations. Majority of these (2138 or 81.7 %) were obstetrical cases. The average number of consultations per day (for Obstetrics and Gynecology patients combined) is 91. Therefore, the Out-Patient Clinic plays an important role in prenatal care specifically the prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.            This study aimed to assess the level of patient satisfaction among obstetrical patients in the Out Patient Department of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Section at Metropolitan Medical Center from July 1, 2018 to July 31, 2018 and to see the relationship between socio-demographic characteristic and the level of patient satisfaction.            This is a descriptive, cross sectional study. The level of patient satisfaction assessed as to physical facilities, interaction between doctor and patient, interaction between nurses and patient, and registration service. There were sixty three subjects in this study. Sixty three  were satisfied with inclusion criteria. The validated questionnaire was the pretested questionnaire which was 96 % valid and reliable by Cronbach’s analysis.            Statistical analysis was done which showed respondents were generally satisfied. There were significant relationship association between socio-demographic characteristics and level of patient satisfaction with P value < 0.05.Key Word : Patient Satisfaction, Socio Demographic Characteristic
Literature Review: Peran Kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam Meningkatkan Persepsi Perawat terhadap Handover
Authors: Aulia Febria Rizky , Dwiantoro Luky
Published: January 2021

Nurses' perceptions of the implementation of handovers is various. The wrong perception of the implementation of handovers can affect the communication process that threatens patient satisfaction and safety. The head of space as a transformational leader has an important role in influencing nurses' perceptions in the implementation of handovers. The method used in this paper is study literature from several journal articles. The author analyses and synthesizes to describe the role of transformational leadership in increasing nurses' perceptions of the implementation of the handover from the literature study that has been done, the four elements of transformational leadership have a positive role in influencing factors affecting nurses' perceptions. The more positive the impact of transformational leadership on perception factors, the more will have a positive impact on nurses' perceptions. Through the application of transformational leadership, nurses' perceptions and the quality of handovers can improve. It can be concluded that transformational leadership has a positive role in increasing the perception of nurses. This transformational leadership style can be used as a solution and is highly recommended for use by managers / heads of space as one solution to improve nurses' perceptions
„Koronapló”
Authors: Bakos Lili , Csuvik Mariann , Farkas Anett , Graffits Eszter , Hegedűs Lilla Csenge , Horváth Patrik , Józsa Ferenc , Kaiser Kornél , Keszthelyi Boglárka Enikő , Nagy Eszter , Nánai Tamás , Sándori Enikő , Vidovics Vanessza , Brettner Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2021

A koronavírus 2020 eleje óta mindenki számára a hétköznapok részévé vált. A reflektív naplók részletei alapján elmondható, hogy az egyetemi hallgatók élete is gyökeresen, egyik pillanatról a másikra megváltozott. Sokuknak haza kellett költöznie, amely újraformálta a korábbi családi kapcsolatokat, a vírus közvetlenül bontotta meg a család addig jól működő dinamikáját. Legtöbbjük ez idő alatt nem tudott dolgozni, néhányuk családjában a szülők is elvesztették munkájukat. Az idősebb rokonokkal legtöbben nem érintkezhettek, barátaikkal sem találkoztak, saját mindennapi rutinjuk is felborult, különösen az online, távolléti oktatásnak köszönhetően. Ezeket a nehézségeket több módon igyekeztek feldolgozni.  Az évfolyamtársaik közül ketten külföldön élték meg a járványt. Volt, aki önkéntes munkát vállalt, de a legtöbben a négy fal között vészelték át ezt az időszakot. Összességében elmondható, hogy nem létezett olyan élettér, amelyre ne lett volna hatással a járvány. A szerzők mint szociális munkás hallgatók életük azon területeiről írnak, amelyekben a változást a legjelentősebbnek ítélték meg.
UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE CORROSÃO EM CONCRETO ARMADO DE UMA PASSARELA
Authors: Fernandes José Luiz , Santos Felipe Eduardo Dos , Fernandes Andrea Sousa da cunha , Dutra Clézio Thadeu De Souza
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo se propõe discutir sobre a corrosão em estruturas de concreto armado, através de uma revisão do tema, sobre o que é a corrosão, causas, mecanismos de proteção, análise e recuperação de estruturas com essa patologia. Além do mais foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma localizadas no Município de Duque de Caxias, região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, onde foram observados diversos problemas devido a corrosão nos pilares desta estrutura. Conclui-se que a falta de cobrimento ideal na construção de um estrutura, aliada a falta manutenção adequada, durante a vida útil da estrutura, facilita a ocorrência da corrosão.
Ausgewählte Westschlesische Schlossresidenzen als Kulturelle Repräsentanzen zwischen Barock und Aufklärung. Abriss der Problematik im Literatur- und Kulturhistorischen Blickwinkel
Authors: Zlá Iveta
Published: January 2021

The center of the study is an outline of the cultural image of the chateau residences in Slezské Rudoltice, Velké Hoštice and Jánský Vrch. Attention is paid not only to the cultural activities of Albert Josef Hodice, Dominik Skrbenský and Filip Gotthard Schaffgotsch, but also to the mutual cultural interconnectedness of the mentioned estates. Karel Ditters von Dittersdorf in particular became the central figure in the cultural life of the above-mentioned castles, whose musical work was accompanied by performances in the castle theaters in Slezské Rudoltice and Velké Hoštice and at castle Jánský Vrch. Although cultural life in western Silesia developed in the shadow of the Seven Years' War, it flourished significantly. The literary and cultural panorama of the chateau in Westsilesia reflected not only the impulses of Baroque culture, but also received stimuli from literature, philosophy and lifestyle of Enlightenment.
Correlation Between Blood Glucose and Estradiol Levels in Women in Reproductive Age
Authors: Lionardi David , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Chiuman Linda
Published: January 2021

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar caused by decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and/or impaired insulin function (insulin resistance). This study aimed to determine the specific levels of estradiol hormone in reproductive age women with diabetes mellitus in different age groups. This was an analytical study in September at Royal Prima Hospital, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Twenty women participated in this study after informed consent and were divided into two age groups: 40–45 years old and 46–50 years old. Blood samples were collected after 10-12 hours of fasting to assess blood sugar and estradiol hormone levels. Data were then analyzed using the dependent t-test dependent and compared. No significant difference in blood sugar level was found between the two age groups (p-value=0.113, p-value> 0.05) that there were no significant differences in blood sugar levels between the two age groups. The estradiol hormone level in the age group 40-45 years was lower than in the age group 46–50 years, and the difference was significant (p-value =0.000, p-value<0.05). No significant correlation was seen between type 2 DM and estradiol hormone level in this study. In conclusion, age is not the main contributing factor for the increase and decrease in blood sugar level, and type 2 DM does not correlate with estradiol hormone.
Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma Longa on Cardiac Biomarkers of Doxorubicin-Induced Rats
Authors: Rahayu Lydia Ernawati , Chiuman Linda , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Ginting Sahna Ferdinand
Published: January 2021

Cardiotoxicity is a condition where damages caused by toxic chemical exposure are observed in heart and blood vessels. Doxorubicin is the most common chemotherapy agents for various types of cancer therapy. However, doxorubicin is converted into doxorubicinol known to trigger cardiac disfunctions and release of several cardiac biomarkers, such as CK-MB and LDH. Turmeric is known to be an alternative medical treatment that has the effect of neutralizing oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate CK-MB and LDH levels in doxorubicin-induced rats (20 mg/kgbw) that received turmeric ethanolic extract from curcuma. This was an experimental study conducted in February 2020 in the Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Sumatera Utara. The rats were divided into six group and each group consisted of wistar albino male rats. The groups were normal (CMC-Na), positive control (Vitamin E 1% + Dox 20 mg/kgbw), negative control (Dox 20 mg/kgbw), treatment I (EEC 100 mg/kgbw + Dox 20 mg/kgbw), treatment II (EEC 300 mg/kgbw + Dox 20 mg/kgbw), and treatment III (EEC 500 mg/kgbw + Dox 15 mg/kgbw). Doxorubicin was given 5 mg/kg BW once a week for four weeks. Results showed that the groups that received 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW of turmeric ethanol extract demonstrated a reducing effect on the biomarkers of cardiac damage, i.e. CK-MB and LDH. Statistically, serum CK-MB and LDH levels at dose 500 mg/kg BW showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) with the normal and positive treatment group. In conclusion, turmeric has a cardioprotective effect.
Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Anemia, and Undernutrition Among School-Children in An Elementary School in North Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sari Monica Puspa , Nathasaria Tabita , Majawati Esther Sri , Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
Published: January 2021

The strategy to control soil-transmitted helminth (STH) is through periodic deworming to eliminate infective worms among children. Helminthiasis is known to impair the nutrition and physical status of infected children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship between nutritional status and infection among School-Age Children (SAC) following deworming campaigns in Public Elementary School 6 Cilincing, North Jakarta, Indonesia. This study was a cross-sectional analytical observation on 82 children sampled using the Kato Katz approach during the period of August and November 2019. Nutritional status was determined using the standardized AnthroPlus Software while the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to statistically analyze the data. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on hygiene and deworming pill consumption. Results showed that 7.3% of 82 children were infected with at least one of the following STH parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides accounts (n=3, 3.7%), Trichuris trichiura (n=2, 2.4%), and Enterobius vermicularis (n=1, 1.2%). Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration of <8-11.9 g/dL for the age group of 8-13 years old. Of all participants, 10 (12%) were anemic. The proportion of children representing mild and moderate anemia were 4% and 6%, respectively. The prevalence of infection was not associated with anemia and STH infection did not present significant association with undernutrition statusAlmost children practiced hand washing before eating (93.9%). About 96% of children had pit latrines and only 24 children (29.5%) took deworming pills in the last 6 months. Thus, routine anthelminthic treatment for school children in urban areas is necessary.
Identifying prognosticators covariates of child nutritional status in ethiopia: A bayesian generalized additive modelling approach
Authors: Bacha Reta Habtamu
Published: January 2021

Malnutrition among children under age five is the major public health delinquent issue in the developing world, particularly in Ethiopia. This study aimed to figure out determinants of Ethiopian children malnutrition by applying Bayesian approach with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques on the 2011 EDHS data. The preliminary analysis indicated that the overall prevalence of underweight among children in Ethiopia is found 36.4%. Bayesian generalized additive regression model applied to flexibly estimate effects of socio-economic, demographic, health and environmental covariates. The estimation result showed that covariates succeeding birth interval, gender of child, child by choice not by chance, vaccination and cough are significantly affect the children nutritional status in Ethiopia. The effect of child age, mother’s age at child birth, succeeding birth intervals, number of household member and birth order were also explored non-parametrically as determinants of children nutritional status. Based up on this biometric analysis, concerned governmental and non-governmental bodies should give emphasis on the significant covariates to improve the children nutritional status of the country.
Classical and Innovative in the Literary Education at the End of 7th Grade
Authors: Petkova Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

The development presents ideas for the implementation of a full-fledged literary education discourse in 7th grade - the class with which the basic educational degree is completed. The considered objective and subjective prerequisites for what is happening in the contemporary literary education field, supported by current scientific assumptions for the interpretation of the literary text, justify the necessity of reconciling the "closed" and "open" reading of the text in the basic educational level. The illustrated uninterrupted dialogue between classical literary texts, the fruit of the many meanings they generate – as timeless and universal as they are today, affirms the thesis that when the approach provokes the curiosity of seventh-graders, they "read".
A Comparative Investigation of Methods for the Discovery of Helminth Eggs and Coccidia Oocysts in Soil Samples
Authors: Ivanov A. , Iliev P. T.
Published: January 2021

A comparative investigation of two methods of soil study was performed - a modified by us and a classic flotation method, using standard media and soil. Different flotation solutions and cultures of eggs of Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis and Taenia pisisformis and oocysts of Eimeria stiedai were used. A method for use in diagnostic practice is proposed.
Seasonal Activity of the Horse Flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) from the Central Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria
Authors: Ganeva D. , Ivanov Iv.
Published: January 2021

The seasonal activity of the tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) was studied from May to September (2010-2011) in three localities on the territory of the Central Balkan Mountains. A total of 2232 specimens from 25 tabanid species and 8 genera were collected and processed. The first horse flies emerge in the first half of May and the last specimens were collected until mid-September. The tabanids reached their highest peak abundance in the first half of July. The most abundant species of the tabanid assemblages in the Central Balkan Mountains were Tabanus tergestinus Egg. (56.73 %), Tabanus bromius L. (12.71 %) and Haematopota pluvialis L. (8.87 %). The largest number of specimens of T. tergestinus was collected during the peak of the seasonal abundance of horse flies on the territory of the Central Balkan Mountains.
Reactions and feelings of health professionals in the care of hospitalized patients with suspected covid-19
Authors: Paula Ana Claudia Ramos De , Carletto Aline Graziela Deneka , Lopes Daniele , Ferreira Joabe Candido , Tonini Nelsi Salete , Trecossi Sara Priscila Carvalho
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the reactions and feelings of professionals in the frontline of care for inpatients with suspected COVID-19. Method: Qualitative approach study with 19 health team professionals from a teaching hospital located in the hinterland of the state of Paraná. Data were collected in March and April 2020. For data analysis, content analysis was used. Results: Of all professionals, 89.5% were female, 57.8% were between 20 and 30 years old. The following emotions and feelings were highlighted by the content analysis: Motivation; willingness to contribute; feelings of fear, anxiety; obligation; preoccupation with death; sadness; discrimination; isolation; prejudice; uncertainty; and doubts about the future. Conclusion: The research showed workers' reactions/feelings, which were ambivalent both as a motivating impulse and as self-care, such as in the case of isolation/fear in coping with COVID-19.