bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
探析水利水电基础施工中的软土地基处理
Authors: 沈 志权
Published: July 2019

软土地基就是由软土构成的地基,其土壤成分相对于其他土的土壤性质比较软一些。主要成分有淤泥质的粉土和黏土、含有颗粒的松软土、泥炭、松散的沙质土和有着较大缝隙的有机土等,因此为了提高水利水电基础施工质量,本文阐述了软土地基的主要特征以及水利水电基础施工中的软土地基处理影响因素,对水利水电基础施工中的软土地基处理原则及其处理方法进行了探讨分析。
简析水利水电工程中的堤防施工要点及其质量管理
Authors: 覃 高登
Published: July 2019

堤防施工是水利水电工程建设的重要内容,其质量对于保障水利水电工程安全运行非常关键。基于此,本文简述了水利水电工程中的堤防施工质量管理重要性,对水利水电工程中的堤防施工要点与质量管理进行了简要分析。
解析高压输配电线路节能降耗技术
Authors: 沈 长波 , 张 孟
Published: July 2019

本文简要介绍了高压输配电线路节能降耗的实际意义,综合论述了节能降耗处理的关键工序,并提出了切实可行的运维管理策略,旨在优化高压输配电线路配置,降低电能损耗,满足社会发展需求。
IDENTIFIKASI DAN KATEGORI RAGAM HIAS BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA GAYA NEO-GOTIK
Authors: Laksana Deddy Award Widya , Adiwibawa Bernardus Andang P
Published: July 2019

Bangunan-bangunan cagar budaya adalah suatu aset dalam kaitannya dengan pariwisata di perkotaan. Namun, upaya untuk mengoptimalkan aset tersebut masih terkendala. Salah satunya adalah kurangnya informasi yang memadai terkait dengan bangunan cagar budaya tersebut. Oleh karenanya, kami merasa perlu untuk melakukan identifikasi dan kategorisasi menyeluruh terhadap karakter visual suatu bangunan cagar budaya. Hasil dari identifikasi tersebut adalah sebuah daftar yang dapat digunakan untuk banyak hal, terutama desain infografis yang mampu mengomunikasikan nilai-nilai penting atau karakter suatu bangunan cagar budaya. Obyek yang menjadi kajian kami adalah sebuah Gereja Katolik St. Yusuf - Gedangan yang bergaya neo gotik yang dibangun pada abad 19. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif visual maupun tekstual. Hasilnya adalah klasifikasi ragam hias dan penggunaannya, serta tanda-tanda visual yang secara simbolik terkait dengan karakter bangunannya.
RENDA DA TERRA: CONCEITO CENTRAL PARA OS ESTUDOS EM GEOGRAFIA AGRÁRIA
Authors: Souza Suzane Tosta , Santos Jânio Roberto Diniz , Menezes Sócrates Oliveira
Published: July 2019

ResumoO presente artigo busca destacar a atualidade dos estudos sobre renda da terra, tomando como base a análise realizada por Karl Marx, no livro 3 de O Capital, bem como perquirir como essa teoria tem sido retomada por autores das Ciências Sociais e da Geografia. Consideram-se estudos sobre renda da terra que abordam tipos de renda capitalistas e não-capitalistas, fundamentais para a compreensão do campo brasileiro, sobretudo para a análise das estratégias e alianças das classes detentoras dos meios de produção na extração do trabalho excedente. Assim, busca-se compreender a atuação dos proprietários fundiários na extração da renda e das empresas capitalistas que, ao adquirir amplas porções de terra, passam a atuar também na esfera da produção, conseguindo auferir renda e lucro.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE REPRODUÇÃO DO CAMPESINATO NA REGIÃO DO PONTAL DO PARANAPANEMA (SP): O CASO DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DAS CESTAS AGROECOLÓGICAS E SOLIDÁRIAS “RAÍZES DO PONTAL”
Authors: Rabello Diógenes , Silva Lucas Souza , Negrão Gustavo Caique Pereira
Published: July 2019

Este texto tem como objetivo discutir as formas de reprodução do campesinato no Pontal do Paranapanema, localizado no extremo Oeste do estado de São Paulo, e a agroecologia a partir do desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão Cestas Agroecológicas e Solidárias “Raízes do Pontal”. O projeto surge como uma proposta de alternativa para a geração de renda das famílias camponesas da Associação Regional para a Cooperação Agrícola (ARCA), do Assentamento Gleba XV de Novembro, no município de Euclides da Cunha Paulista, a partir do enfraquecimento do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Este projeto tem sido desenvolvido a partir de parceria entre o Setor de Produção do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) e o Centro de Estudos de Geografia do Trabalho (CEGeT).
TRABALHO ANÁLOGO A ESCRAVO NO BRASIL EM TEMPOS DE DIREITOS EM TRANSE
Authors: De Souza Edvânia Ângela , Júnior Antonio Thomaz
Published: July 2019

Este texto discute o trabalho análogo ao de escravo no Brasil, enfatizando as controversas a respeito do conceito trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Analisamos os dados das fiscalizações de trabalho análogo ao de escravo realizadas de forma conjunta pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE), Ministério Público do Trabalho, Polícia Federal e Polícia Rodoviária Federal desde 1995 até 2015, a partir dos quais constatamos que se trata de uma problemática presente em âmbito nacional. Ou seja, apenas um estado da Federação não compareceu na relação de trabalho análogo ao de escravo, muito embora, o destaque é para o estado do Pará (PA), que lidera o ranking com 30% de todos os resgates, seguido pelo estado de Mato Grosso (MT) com 10,22%; Maranhão (MA) com 8,30%; Minas Gerais (MG) com 7,40%, Tocantins com 7,10% e Goiás (GO) com 6,04% do total dos resgates, congregando os seis  estados que mais escravizam os trabalhadores no Brasil. Além disso, os resgates ocorreram em mais de 70% na agroindústria e pecuária, percentual que pode se elevar ao se considerar as ocorrências em nome de pessoas físicas, que totalizaram 4,59%, e pode ser questionado se essas não se tratam de empreiteiros ou intermediadores de contratação de força de trabalho para a área rural, o que é muito comum. Também foram constatados que da totalidade dos resgaste, 2,60% das ocorrências se referem à agroindústria canavieira.  Ademais, em menor proporção, praticamente todos os setores econômicos contam com histórico de resgate de trabalho análogo ao de escravo. Isso posto, conclui-se que o mercado de trabalho no País foi e é marcado pela ampla exploração e formas diversas de subordinação, controle e violência sobre os trabalhadores(as), expressa em materializações da degradação sistêmica, e pela negação do desenvolvimento do gênero humano.
Farklı Branşlardaki Altyapı Sporcularının Somatotip Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ERDOĞAN Ercüment , NEFESOĞLU İbrahim Can , GÜRBÜZ Cihan
Published: July 2019

Bu
çalışma üç farklı spor branşındaki sporcuların somatotip özelliklerini
incelemek ve branşlar arsındaki farklılıkları tanımlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya
10-15 yaş grubunda tenis(n=18,yaş=12,05±1,73) Yüzme (n=19, yaş 12,10±1,48) ve
güreş(n=21,yaş=14,71±,46) branşından toplam 58 gönüllü sporcu katılmıştır.
Çalışmaya katılan sporcuların antropometrik ölçümleri,  beden kitle indeksleri ve Heath&Carter
metodu ile somatotip değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS
programında Anova testi ve Tukey HSD testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı
branşlardaki sporcuların antropometrik özellikleri karşılaştırıldığında boy
uzunluğu(p=0,888),vücut ağırlığı (p=0,520) beden kitle indeksi(p=0,340)
değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır(P˃0,05). Branşlar
arasındaki somatotip değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasında endomorf ve ektomorf(p=0,103,
p=0,232) değerlerinde branşlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark
bulunamamıştır(P˃0,05). Mezomorf(P=0,000) değerlerinde ise branşlar arasındaki
fark anlamlı bulunmuştur(p˂0,05).Grup içerisinde anlamlılık, güreş ile tenis(P=0,000)
ve yüzme ile tenis (P=0,000) arasında gözlenmiştir. Güreş ve yüzme branşındaki sporcuların
somatotip yapıları mezomorf, tenis branşındaki sporcuların ise
ektomorf-endomorf yapıdadırlar. Sonuç olarak Güreş ve yüzme branşındaki altyapı
sporcularının antrenman programlarına bağlı alarak vücut yapıları tenis
branşından farklı olarak mezomorf bir yapıya sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Ar-Ge ve Eğitim Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: İĞDELİ Arif
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmanın
amacı, 1990- 2016 döneminde Türkiye’de Ar-Ge ve eğitim harcamalarının ekonomik
büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada eğitim harcamalarını
temsilen eğitim harcamalarının GSYH’ya oranı ve yükseköğretim ile eğitim
harcamalarının toplamının GSYH’ya oranı, Ar-Ge harcamalarını temsilen ise Ar-Ge
harcamalarının GSYH’ya oranı kullanılmıştır. ARDL Sınır testi ile yapılan
analizin bulgusunda Ar-Ge harcamaları, eğitim harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme
arasında uzun dönemli anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Analiz bulgularına
göre Ar-Ge ve eğitim harcamaları uzun dönemde ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif yönlü
etkilemektedir. Ayrıca Granger Nedensellik testi bulgularında Ar-Ge
harcamalarından ekonomik büyümeye, ekonomik büyümeden eğitim harcamalarına ve
Ar-Ge harcamalarından eğitim harcamalarına doğru %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde tek
yönlü nedensellik ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Analiz bulgularının kontrolünü
sağlamak için kurulan ikinci modelden elde edilen bulgular da sonuçları
desteklemektedir.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Anne Baba Tutumlarının Kariyer Kararı Yetkinlik Beklentisini Yordayıcı Gücü
Authors: BAHADIR Rifat Yusuf , SÜRÜCÜ Abdullah
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin anne
baba tutumlarının kariyer kararı yetkinlik beklentisini yordayıcı gücünü
incelemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir. 2105-2016
öğretim yılında Kırşehir il merkezindeki Fen ve Anadolu Liselerinde öğrenim
gören 198’i erkek, 201’i kız toplam 399 öğrenci araştırmanın çalışma gurubunu
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Anne Baba Tutumları Ölçeği
ve Kariyer Kararı Yetkinlik Beklentisi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki
ilişkiler çoklu regresyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, anne baba tutumları
alt boyutlarından sorumluluk ve kabulün, kariyer kararı yetkinlik beklentileri
ölçeğinin alt boyutları olan “kendini doğru bir şekilde değerlendirme,
mesleklerle ilgili bilgi toplama, hedef belirleme, plan yapma, problem çözme”nin
anlamlı yordayıcısı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sorumluluk ve kabul ile
birlikte otorite ve sorumluluğun “mesleklerle ilgili bilgi toplama”nın anlamlı
yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür.
The Effect Of Calisthenics Exercises Of Performed On Stable and Unstable Ground On Body Fat Percentage and Performance In Swimmers
Authors: Bayrakdar Akan , Demirhan Bilal , Zorba Erdal
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the
effect of calisthenics exercise on body fat percentage and sportive performance
in swimmers. 30 swimmers between 12 and 14 years of age participated in the
study voluntarily. The participants were divided into 3 groups. In the first
group, 10 swimmers performed calisthenics exercise on stable ground and (4-5
units) swimming training, in the second group 10 swimmers performed
calisthenics exercise on unstable ground and (4-5 units) swimming training and
in the third group 10 swimmers performed (4-5 units) swimming training. The
study lasted 8 weeks, at least 7 hours a week. Height, body weight, body mass
index, body fat percentage, flexibility, 30 meters speed, agility, back and leg
strenght, crunch, push-ups and plank measurements were taken. Statistical
analysis of the results was conducted in the IBM SPSS 19 package program. There
were significant differences in flexibility, 30 meters speed, agility, back and
leg strength, crunch, push-up and plank values at p<0.05 level. There is no
significant difference in body fat percentage. Based on this data, it can be
said that it will provide benefits in terms of health and performance gain in
the implementation of regular calisthenics exercise three times a week, 60
minutes in each training unit and eight weeks and more. In addition, it is
thought that providing the variety of exercise modes in the implementations in
time (rope jumping, elastic bands, step, health balls) will provide benefits in
terms of implementations.
Merhamet Eğitimi Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Merhametli Olma Düzeylerine Etkisi
Authors: AVŞAROĞLU Selahattin
Published: July 2019

Merhamet, başkasının derdine ve çeşitli
sıkıntılarına ilgi gösterip bu durumlarına ortak olma, şefkat gösterme ve
onunla beraber olma şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda diğerlerinin
kendinden apayrı biri olduğunu bilerek, ona eşduyum gösterip hemhal olma
düzeyidir. Bu çalışmada, merhamet eğitimi programının, üniversite
öğrencilerinin merhametli olma düzeylerini etkileyip etkilemediğinin
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, ön-test son-test deney ve kontrol gruplu
model kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bağımsız değişkeni, merhamet eğitimi programı,
bağımlı değişkeni ise merhametli olma düzeyidir. Merhamet eğitimi programı,
deney grubuna haftada bir defa 75 dakikalık grup oturumları şeklinde, 8 hafta
boyunca uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna ise ön-test ve son-test ölçümlerinden
başka herhangi bir işlem yapılmamıştır. Çalışma, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim
yılında Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi öğrencileri ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin Ön-test, son-test merhamet puanlarının
belirlenmesi için Akdeniz ve Deniz (2016) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlaması
yapılan “Merhamet Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Merhamet Ölçeği, likert formunda 24
ifadeden ve altı alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen puanlara göre gruplama
işlemi yapılmış ve 10 öğrenci deney, 10 öğrenci de kontrol grubuna seçilmiştir.
Verilerinin analizinde, Mann-Whitney U Testi ile Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar
Testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların yorumlanmasında ise .05 anlamlılık düzeyi
temel alınmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre deney ve kontrol
grubunun ön-test puan ortalamaları benzerlik göstermesine rağmen son-test puan
ortalamalarında deney grubu lehine anlamlı düzeyde yükseldiği görülmüştür. Deney
grubu son-test puan puanlarının, ön-test puanlarına göre anlamlı düzeyde
yükseldiği bulunmuştur. Kalıcılık testi açısından ise deney grubu izleme test
puanlarının son-test puanları ile benzerlik taşıdığı ve merhamet eğitimi
programının, öğrenciler üzerinde oldukça kalıcı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma
bulgularına göre merhametli olma tutumunun, öğrenme ile ilişkili olduğu,
çeşitli etkinliklerle geliştirildiği ve kalıcı hale gelebildiği gözlenmiştir.
Araştırmanın bu bulguları ışığında, okullarda psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik
hizmetleri bünyesinde merhamet tutumlarını geliştirici etkinliklerin
yapılmasının önemli olduğu söylenebilir.
ANALISIS KUALITAS SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PEMAKAI (DOSEN) DI IKIP BUDI UTOMO MALANG
Authors: Dian Miftah Rakhma
Published: July 2019

Sistem  informasi akademik merupakan suatu kebutuhan bagi setiap perguruan tinggi untuk mengelola administrasi kampus dengan baik. Sistem informasi akademik juga dibuat untuk memudahkan dosen dalam mengelola kelas dan melaporkan nilai kepada institusi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas sistem informasi akademik terhadap kepuasan pemakai (dosen) di IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. Populasi  penelitian  ini  adalah dosen IKIP Budi Utomo Malang yang menggunakan sistem informasi akademik, Teknik sampling yang digunakan dengan menggunakan Probability Sampling dengan cara Simple Random Sampling, ukuran sampel diambil dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin, Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder, serta teknik analisis data yang digunakan dengan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kualitas sistem informasi akademik berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pemakai (dosen) di IKIP Budi Utomo Malang.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SCRAMBLE SISWA DI SDN 13 MUARA KUANG
Authors: Samsidar Samsidar
Published: July 2019

The research subjects were grade V students of SD Negeri 13 Muara Kuang, totaling 17 students. Methods of data collection in the form of tests, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The indicators of the success of the action are marked by 75% of the number of students who take part in the learning process that have obtained KKM scores. Based on the results of the tests in the implementation of learning with a scramble model, students who achieved a value of ≥75 were 70.59% in the first cycle and increased to 88.24% in the second cycle. The action was dismissed in the second cycle because it had reached the criteria of success.
ANALISIS INTERFERENSI GRAMATIKAL DALAM TEKS BIOGRAFI SISWA
Authors: Sari Ayu Puspita Indah , Harahap Midra Azrianti
Published: July 2019

This research is motivated by the use of language in students' biographical texts. The problem in this research is how the form of grammatical interference in Indonesian language in the biographical text of class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Palembang  and what factors are the causes of the grammatical interference of Indonesian in the biography of students. The results of this study indicate that the form of Indonesian grammatical interference in the biographical text of students in the level of morphology includes affixation, reduplication, and composition. In affixation, there is a form of interference with one word prefix, prefix 4 words, 1 word prefix, suffix + suffix 1 word, confix 4 words, confirm + suffix 1 word , confixing 1 word, confirming 1 word, clophyte 1 word, and clophyte in one word, while the reduplication and composition process is not found in the biographical text of the student. Factors that cause the occurrence of grammatical interference are the participant's bilingualism, the thinness of the recipient's language loyalty, and the practice of habits in the mother language.
IMPLEMENTASI COMPOSITE PERFORMANCE INDEX PADA MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING (MCDM) UNTUK MEMILIH LOKASI USAHA UMKM
Authors: Diana Diana
Published: July 2019

The selection of the right location for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) will have a positive influence on the development of MSMEs and is expected to provide optimal income. The criteria used to select MSME businesses are place rental costs, availability of electricity, availability of clean water, road access, parking area, level of security, proximity to suppliers, similar business and population density of implementation. The Composite Performace Index (CPI) for choosing a location produces location 4 as the best location. In this paper, a single dimension weight sensitivity test is carried out to see the stability of the CPI by conducting trials on 6 variations in the criteria weight. The sensitivity test results that the CPI local weight stability interval is 0.01≤CPI≤0.41, where Location 4 is in the first rank position. The results of the global weight stability interval are at intervals of 0.01 ≤CPI≤ 0.21, where the results of the ranking position of all alternative business locations do not change.
A Credit Rating Model in a Fuzzy Inference System Environment
Authors: Karbassi Yazdi Amir , Hanne Thomas , Wang Yong J. , Wee Hui-Ming
Published: July 2019

One of the most important functions of an export credit agency (ECA) is to act as an intermediary between national governments and exporters. These organizations provide financing to reduce the political and commercial risks in international trade. The agents assess the buyers based on financial and non-financial indicators to determine whether it is advisable to grant them credit. Because many of these indicators are qualitative and inherently linguistically ambiguous, the agents must make decisions in uncertain environments. Therefore, to make the most accurate decision possible, they often utilize fuzzy inference systems. The purpose of this research was to design a credit rating model in an uncertain environment using the fuzzy inference system (FIS). In this research, we used suitable variables of agency ratings from previous studies and then screened them via the Delphi method. Finally, we created a credit rating model using these variables and FIS including related IF-THEN rules which can be applied in a practical setting.
Remote Detection of Large-Area Crop Types: The Role of Plant Phenology and Topography
Authors: Wei Yanfei , Tong Xinhua , Chen Gang , Liu Deqiang , Han Zhenfeng
Published: July 2019

Sustainable agricultural practices necessitate accurate baseline data of crop types and their detailed spatial distribution. Compared with field surveys, remote sensing has demonstrated superior performance, offering spatially explicit crop distribution in a timely manner. Recent studies have taken advantage of remote sensing time series to capture the variation in plant phenology, inferring major crop types. However, such an approach was rarely used to extract detailed, multiple crop types spanning a large area, and the impact of topography has yet to be well analyzed in mountainous regions. This study aims to answer two questions in crop type extraction: (i) Is it feasible to accurately map multiple crop types over a large mountainous area with phenology-based modeling? (ii) What are the effects of topography in such modeling? To answer the questions, phenological metrics were extracted from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite time series, and the random forests classifier was used to map 12 crop types in South China (236,700 km2), featuring a subtropical monsoon climate and high topographic variation. Our study revealed promising results using MODIS EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) time series, although EVI outperformed NDVI (overall accuracy: 85% versus 81%). The spectral and temporal metrics of plant phenology significantly contributed to crop identification, where the spectral information exhibited greater importance. The increase of slope led to a decrease in model accuracy in general. However, uniformly distributed tree plantations (e.g., tea-oil camellia, gum, and tea trees) being cultivated on large slopes (>15 degrees) achieved accuracies greater than 80%.
Erratum: Prats-Llinàs, M.T., et al. Post-Harvest Regulated Deficit Irrigation in Chardonnay Did Not Reduce Yield but at Long-Term, It Could Affect Berry Composition. Agronomy 2019, 9, 328
Authors:   Agronomy Editorial Office
Published: July 2019

The authors would like to make the following correction to the published paper [...]
Does Virtual Fencing Work for Grazing Dairy Cattle?
Authors: Lomax Sabrina , Colusso Patricia , Clark Cameron E.F.
Published: July 2019

Pasture management in Australia’s dairy industry requires the manual shifiting of temporary electric fences to maintain pasture quality and growth. Virtual fencing presents an alternative to save time and labour costs. We used automated virtual fence (VF) collars to determine the variation in learning of the virtual fence stimuli, and evaluated the success of the technology to contain cows in a predetermined area of pasture. Twelve Holstein-Friesian non-lactating multiparous dairy cows were fitted with the collars, and a VF was used to restrict cows to two grazing allocations (G1 and G2) across six days. Cows received an audio tone (AT) when they approached the virtual fence, and a paired electrical pulse (EP) if they continued forward. The VF contained cows within predetermined areas for 99% of time, but cows spent the least time near the fence (p < 0.01). The number of stimuli reduced through time, demonstrating the ability of cows to learn the VF (p = 0.01). However, the mean number of EP per day ranged from 1 to 6.5 between individuals (p < 0.01). Therefore, successful containment may have a welfare cost for some individuals. Further work should focus on this individual variation, including measures of welfare.
Development of Infrared Prediction Models for Diffusible and Micellar Minerals in Bovine Milk
Authors: Franzoi Marco , Niero Giovanni , Penasa Mauro , De Marchi Massimo
Published: July 2019

Milk and dairy products are major sources of minerals in human diet. Minerals influence milk technological properties; in particular, micellar and diffusible minerals differentially influence rennet clotting time, curd firmness and curd formation rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict the content of micellar and diffusible mineral fractions in bovine milk. Spectra of reference milk samples (n = 93) were collected using Milkoscan™ 7 (Foss Electric A/S, Hillerød, Denmark) and total, diffusible and micellar content of minerals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Backward interval partial least squares algorithm was applied to exclude uninformative spectral regions and build prediction models for total, diffusible and micellar minerals content. Results showed that backward interval partial least squares analysis improved the predictive ability of the models for the studied traits compared with traditional partial least squares approach. Overall, the predictive ability of mid-infrared prediction models was moderate to low, with a ratio of performance to deviation in cross-validation that ranged from 1.15 for micellar K to 2.73 for total P.
Application of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) as Natural Feed Supplement in Poultry Diets
Authors: Mahfuz Shad , Piao Xiang
Published: July 2019

Application of natural herbs with a view to enhancing production performance and health status has created an important demand in poultry production. With the increasing concerns on this issue, greater attention paid to alternatives to antibiotics for organic meat and egg production has led to a great demand. This study was conducted with view to assessing the possible role of M. oleifera as a natural feed supplement in poultry ration. Various scientific findings and published research articles were considered concerning issues including the study background, objectives, major findings, and conclusions of the review. M oleifera is known as a miracle tree because of its wealthy resource of various nutrients with high biological values. M. oleifera has been used as a growth promoter, immune enhancer, antioxidant, and has a hypo-cholesterol effect on chickens. It has both nutritional and therapeutic values. However, there is still much confusion in past published articles involving the major roles of M. oleifera in production performance and health status of chickens. Taking this into account, the present study highlights an outline of the experimental uses of M. oleifera on growth performance, egg production performance, egg quality, and health status in broilers and laying hens justified with the past findings to the present. The knowledge gaps from the past studies are considered, and the feasibility of M. oleifera in poultry ration is suggested. The findings have motivated further study on M. oleifera to find out the most active ingredients and their optimal doses in both broiler and laying hen rations. Finally, the present study highlights that supplementation of M. oleifera may play a role in the immunity, sound health, and production performance in poultry.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in SLC5A1, CCNA1, and ABCC1 and the Association with Litter Size in Small-Tail Han Sheep
Authors: La Yongfu , Liu Qiuyue , Zhang Liping , Chu Mingxing
Published: July 2019

SLC5A1, CCNA1, and ABCC1 have been extensively studied as candidate genes because of their great influence on the reproductive traits of animals. However, little is known about the association between polymorphisms of the SLC5A1, CCNA1, and ABCC1 genes and litter size in Small-Tail Han sheep. In this study, the expression levels of SLC5A1, CCNA1, and ABCC1 in HPG (hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal) axis tissues of polytocous and monotocous Small-Tail Han sheep were analyzed by qPCR. To better understand the effects of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) comprising of g.70067210 T > C in SLC5A1, g.25350431 C > T and g.25360220 T > C in CCNA1, and g.14413132 C > T in ABCC1, a population genetic analysis was conducted using data obtained from genotyping in 728 sheep from seven breeds. The results indicated that all genes included in this study were differentially expressed in the pituitary and uterus of polytocous and monotocous Small-Tail Han sheep (p < 0.05). The associations of these four SNPs and the FecB mutation with litter size in 384 Small-Tail Han sheep were analyzed, therefore, and it was found that both g.70067210T > C and the FecB mutation were significantly associated with litter size (p < 0.05). The linear regression analysis of the association of multiple markers (FecB and g.70067210 T > C in SCL5A1) with litter size indicated that homozygous ewes carrying the BB/TT genotype had larger litter size than any ewes with any other genotype. In conclusion, the SLC5A1 SNPs significantly affect litter size in sheep and are useful as genetic marker for litter size.
A Pilot Welfare Assessment of Working Ponies on Gili Trawangan, Indonesia
Authors: Pinsky Tova C. , Puja I Ketut , Aleri Joshua , Hood Jennifer , Sasadara Maria M. , Collins Teresa
Published: July 2019

Many working equids in developing countries experience poor health and welfare due to environmental and management factors. Collecting baseline data on these populations is essential to inform education projects to improve equid health and welfare. Gili Trawangan is an island in Indonesia that has no motor vehicles and a working pony population of approximately 200. This pilot study sought to determine baseline data on their health, welfare, and husbandry to inform future health and welfare strategies. A cross-sectional study was performed in May 2017 consisting of a pony cart driver questionnaire (n = 33) and a basic pony health examination (n = 38). The body condition scores of ponies were 3/5 (60.5%), 2/5 (31.6%), and 1/5 (7.9%), while 38% and 92% of ponies had lameness and foot pathology, respectively, and 31 ponies (86.1%) had at least one wound. Thirty percent of cart drivers stated they would work their ponies despite evidence of injury or illness. Limited education, poor access to veterinary services, and remoteness pose barriers to improving pony health and welfare. Our results indicate a need for, and can help inform, targeted education programmes to improve the lives of working ponies and protect livelihoods and tourism on Gili Trawangan.
Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 30 Tea Infusions from Green, Black, Oolong, White, Yellow and Dark Teas
Authors: Zhao Cai-Ning , Tang Guo-Yi , Cao Shi-Yu , Xu Xiao-Yu , Gan Ren-You , Liu Qing , Mao Qian-Qian , Shang Ao , Li Hua-Bin
Published: July 2019

Tea is among the most consumed drink worldwide, and its strong antioxidant activity is considered as the main contributor to several health benefits, such as cardiovascular protection and anticancer effect. In this study, the antioxidant activities of 30 tea infusions, which were obtained by the mimic of drinking tea of the public, from green, black, oolong, white, yellow and dark teas, were evaluated using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays, ranging from 504.80 ± 17.44 to 4647.47 ± 57.87 µmol Fe2+/g dry weight (DW) and 166.29 ± 24.48 to 2532.41 ± 50.18 µmol Trolox/g DW, respectively. Moreover, their total phenolic contents (TPC) were detected by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and were in the range of 24.77 ± 2.02 to 252.65 ± 4.74 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW. Generally, Dianqing Tea, Lushan Yunwu Tea, and Xihu Longjing Tea showed the strongest antioxidant activities among 30 teas. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds in tea infusions were identified and quantified, with catechins most commonly detected, especially in green tea infusions, which were main contributors to their antioxidant activities. Besides tea polyphenols, considerable content of caffeine also presented in 30 tea infusions.
Performance Test of MicroAeth® AE51 at Concentrations Lower than 2 μg/m3 in Indoor Laboratory
Authors: Lee Jeonghoon
Published: July 2019

It is difficult to find information about how the microAeth® AE51 performs, in spite of its versatility for about a decade in various research fields such as black carbon measurements and personal exposure studies. Stimulated by this, we conducted real-time tests for indoor aerosol in order to provide performance characteristics toward proper usage. We calculated the attenuation (ATN) using the reference signal together with the sensing signal to compare it with the ATN recorded in a microAeth® AE51. Performance was evaluated under extremely low concentration through the zero test, using filtered clean air. Ten-day-long continuous measurements were done for both indoor aerosol and filtered particle free air to examine the feasibility of microAeth® AE51 in an indoor use. Generally, MicroAeth® AE51 exhibited excellent performance, though it showed relatively low performance under some conditions. Noise was intensified while it was directly connected to a power adaptor. Another issue includes the occurrence of negative concentrations for extremely clean air. The noise amplification turned out to be related to a power source independent on the internal battery, and it was able to be removed by post-processing. Uncertainty analysis was carried out to better understand the origin of unwanted noise. Technical perspective of a proper usage will be addressed with regard to what will play a role for a long-term monitoring.
Trajectory Planning and Optimization for a Par4 Parallel Robot Based on Energy Consumption
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Ming Zhengfeng
Published: July 2019

A study on trajectory planning and optimization for a Par4 parallel robot was carried out, based on energy consumption in high-speed picking and placing. In the end-effector operating space of the Par4 parallel robot, the rectangular transition of the pick-and-place trajectory was rounded by a Lamé curve. A piecewise design method was adopted to accomplish trajectory shape planning for displacement, velocity and acceleration. To make the Par4 robot’s end run more smoothly and to reduce residual vibration, asymmetric fifth-order and sixth-order polynomial motion laws were employed. With the aim of reaching the minimum mechanical energy consumption for the Par4 parallel robot, the recently proposed Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm was adopted to optimize the planning trajectory. The validity of the design method was verified by experiments, and it was found that the minimum mechanical energy consumption of the optimal trajectory planned under the law of fifth-order polynomial motion is lower than that of sixth-order polynomial motion. In addition, the experiments also revealed the optimal values of Parameters e and f, which were the parameters of the Lamé curve function. Parameter e can be calculated as half the pick-up span for the minimum mechanical energy consumption, unlike parameter f, whose optimal value depends on specific circumstances such as the pick-and-place coordinates and the pick-up height.
A Review of Non-Destructive Damage Detection Methods for Steel Wire Ropes
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhou Gongbo , Zhu Zhencai , He Zhenzhi , Ding Xin , Tang Chaoquan
Published: July 2019

As an important load-bearing component, steel wire ropes (WRs) are widely used in complex systems such as mine hoists, cranes, ropeways, elevators, oil rigs, and cable-stayed bridges. Non-destructive damage detection for WRs is an important way to assess damage states to guarantee WR’s reliability and safety. With intelligent sensors, signal processing, and pattern recognition technology developing rapidly, this field has made great progress. However, there is a lack of a systematic review on technologies or methods introduced and employed, as well as research summaries and prospects in recent years. In order to bridge this gap, and to promote the development of non-destructive detection technology for WRs, we present an overview of non-destructive damage detection research of WRs and discuss the core issues on this topic in this paper. First, the WRs’ damage type is introduced, and its causes are explained. Then, we summarize several main non-destructive detection methods for WRs, including electromagnetic detection method, optical detection method, ultrasonic guided wave detection method, and acoustic emission detection method. Finally, a prospect is put forward. Based on the review of papers, we provide insight about the future of the non-destructive damage detection methods for steel WRs to a certain extent.
Multicriteria Prediction and Simulation of Winter Wheat Yield Using Extended Qualitative and Quantitative Data Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Niedbała Gniewko , Nowakowski Krzysztof , Rudowicz-Nawrocka Janina , Piekutowska Magdalena , Weres Jerzy , Tomczak Robert Jacek , Tyksiński Tomasz , Álvarez Pinto Adolfo
Published: July 2019

Wheat is one of the main grain species as well as one of the most important crops, being the basic food ingredient of people and livestock. Due to the importance of wheat production scale, it is advisable to predict its yield before harvesting. However, the current models are built solely on the basis of quantitative data. Therefore, the aim of the work was to create three multicriteria models for the prediction and simulation of winter wheat yield, which were made on the basis of extended quantitative and qualitative variables from field research in the year period 2008–2015. Neural networks with MLP (multi-layer perceptron) topology were used to build the following models, which can predict and simulate the yield on three dates: 15 April, 31 May, and 30 June. For this reason, they were designated as follows: QQWW15_4, QQWW31_5, and QQWW30_6. Each model is based on a different number of independent features, which ranges from 19 to 25. As a result of the conducted analyses, a MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) forecast error from 6.63% to 6.92% was achieved. This is equivalent of an error ranging from 0.521 to 0.547 t·ha−1, with an average yield of 6.57 ton per hectare of cultivated area. In addition, the most important quantitative and qualitative factors influencing the yield were also indicated. In the first predictive range (15 April), it is the average air temperature from 1 September to 31 December of the previous year (T9-12_PY). In the second predictive range (31 May) it is the sum of precipitation from 1 May to 31 May, and in the third (30 June) is the average air temperature from 1 January to 15 April of the year (T1-4_CY). In addition, one of the qualitative factors had a significant impact on the yield in the first phase-the type of forecrop in the previous year (TF_PY). The presented neural modeling method is a specific extension of the previously used predicting methods. An element of innovation of the presented concept of yield modeling is the possibility of performing a simulation before harvest, in the current agrotechnical season. The presented models can be used in large-area agriculture, especially in precision agriculture as an important element of decision-making support systems.
Crossover Effect in Cement-Based Materials: A Review
Authors: Yousuf Sumra , Shafigh Payam , Ibrahim Zainah , Hashim Huzaifa , Panjehpour Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Cement-based materials (CBMs) such as pastes, mortars and concretes are the most frequently used building materials in the present construction industry. Cement hydration, along with the resulting compressive strength in these materials, is dependent on curing temperature, methods and duration. A concrete subjected to an initial higher curing temperature undergoes accelerated hydration by resulting in non-uniform scattering of the hydration products and consequently creating a great porosity at later ages. This phenomenon is called crossover effect (COE). The COE may occur even at early ages between seven to 10 days for Portland cements with various mineral compositions. Compressive strength and other mechanical properties are important for the long life of concrete structures, so any reduction in these properties is of great concern to engineers. This study aims to review existing information on COE phenomenon in CBMs and provide recommendations for future research.
Aerodynamic Performance of Quadrotor UAV with Non-Planar Rotors
Authors: Lei Yao , Wang Jinli
Published: July 2019

The mobility of a quadrotor UAV is significantly affected by its aerodynamics, especially when the closely spaced rotors are applied in the multi-rotor system. This paper addresses the aerodynamic modeling of non-planar quadrotor UAV with various rotor spacing (1 d–2 d) and disk plane angle (0–50 deg). The inter-rotor interference and the power models are also proposed in this paper. In order to validate the non-planar model, a series of CFD analyses and experiments were conducted. The obtained results demonstrate that the flow field of the non-planar quadrotor is extremely complicated when the unsteady flow is involved. The pulsation of partial angle of attack and pressure distribution is formed when the blade passes through the vortex. The thrust is increasing significantly along with the tilt angle, resulting from the stronger outflow of the non-planar rotors, which is also leading the power increment. However, the thrust increment is not that obvious when the spacing is larger than 1.4 d. The experiments and the numerical simulation results provide consistent trends and demonstrate the effectiveness of the aerodynamic model of the non-planar quadrotor. The comparison with the traditional planar quadrotor validates that the proposed non-planar quadrotor has better aerodynamic and control performances with a larger power loading.
Retro Aesthetics, Affect, and Nostalgia Effects in Recent US-American Cinema: The Cases of La La Land (2016) and The Shape of Water (2017)
Authors: Sielke Sabine
Published: July 2019

Nostalgia and retro are phenomena of modernism and modernization that are currently booming. This goes for political decision-making processes as much as for popular culture where retro aesthetics is the dominant mode of design: Both appear driven by ‘longings for a time that never was.’ While research on nostalgia and retro abound, nostalgia still remains a vague and undertheorized concept seemingly identical with retro. Engaging the ways in which Damien Chazelle’s 2016 movie La La Land and Guillermo del Toro’s The Shape of Water of 2017 produce and interrogate affects, this essay shows how film allows us to make distinctions that the proliferating research on nostalgia and retro often fail to deliver. As we zoom in on how both films reference iconic moments in film history, it becomes evident that retro aesthetics operates in distinctively diverse manners. While La La Land interrogates cinema’s “nostalgia for nostalgia”, The Shape of Water reclaims nostalgia as a mode of social bonding. In this way, both movies foreground how the dynamics of nostalgia, at best, moves forward, not back. Film studies, in turn, can shed considerable light on how both nostalgia and retro work—and why they sell so well.
A Systematic Approach for the Selection of Optimization Algorithms including End-User Requirements Applied to Box-Type Boom Crane Design
Authors: Entner Doris , Fleck Philipp , Vosgien Thomas , Münzer Clemens , Finck Steffen , Prante Thorsten , Schwarz Martin
Published: July 2019

In engineering design, optimization methods are frequently used to improve the initial design of a product. However, the selection of an appropriate method is challenging since many methods exist, especially for the case of simulation-based optimization. This paper proposes a systematic procedure to support this selection process. Building upon quality function deployment, end-user and design use case requirements can be systematically taken into account via a decision matrix. The design and construction of the decision matrix are explained in detail. The proposed procedure is validated by two engineering optimization problems arising within the design of box-type boom cranes. For each problem, the problem statement and the respectively applied optimization methods are explained in detail. The results obtained by optimization validate the use of optimization approaches within the design process. The application of the decision matrix shows the successful incorporation of customer requirements to the algorithm selection.
Combining a Multi-Objective Approach and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Include the Socio-Economic Dimension in an Air Quality Management Problem
Authors: Turrini Enrico , Vlachokostas Christos , Volta Marialuisa
Published: July 2019

Due to some harmful effects on humans and the environment, particulate matter (PM) has recently become among the most studied atmospheric pollutants. Given the growing sensitivity to the problem and, since production and accumulation phenomena involving both primary and secondary P M 10 fractions are complex and non-linear, environmental authorities need tools to assess their plans designed to improve the air quality as requested from environmental laws. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can be applied to support decision makers, by processing quantitative opinions provided by pools of experts, especially when different views on social aspects should be considered. The results obtained through this approach, however, can be highly dependent on the subjectivity of experts. To partially overcome these challenges, this paper suggests a two-step methodology in which an MCDA is fed with the solution of a multi-objective analysis (MOA). The methodology has been applied to a test case in northern Italy and the results show that this approach is a viable solution for the inclusion of subjective criteria in decision making, while reducing the impact of uncertain expert opinions for data that can be computed through the MOA.
Metal Chelation Therapy and Parkinson’s Disease: A Critical Review on the Thermodynamics of Complex Formation between Relevant Metal Ions and Promising or Established Drugs
Authors: Tosato Marianna , Di Marco Valerio
Published: July 2019

The present review reports a list of approximately 800 compounds which have been used, tested or proposed for Parkinson’s disease (PD) therapy in the year range 2014–2019 (April): name(s), chemical structure and references are given. Among these compounds, approximately 250 have possible or established metal-chelating properties towards Cu(II), Cu(I), Fe(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II), which are considered to be involved in metal dyshomeostasis during PD. Speciation information regarding the complexes formed by these ions and the 250 compounds has been collected or, if not experimentally available, has been estimated from similar molecules. Stoichiometries and stability constants of the complexes have been reported; values of the cologarithm of the concentration of free metal ion at equilibrium (pM), and of the dissociation constant Kd (both computed at pH = 7.4 and at total metal and ligand concentrations of 10−6 and 10−5 mol/L, respectively), charge and stoichiometry of the most abundant metal–ligand complexes existing at physiological conditions, have been obtained. A rigorous definition of the reported amounts is given, the possible usefulness of this data is described, and the need to characterize the metal–ligand speciation of PD drugs is underlined.
Precipitated K-Promoted Co–Mn–Al Mixed Oxides for Direct NO Decomposition: Preparation and Properties
Authors: Jirátová Květa , Pacultová Kateřina , Balabánová Jana , Karásková Kateřina , Klegová Anna , Bílková Tereza , Jandová Věra , Koštejn Martin , Martaus Alexandr , Kotarba Andrzej , Obalová Lucie
Published: July 2019

Direct decomposition of nitric oxide (NO) proceeds over Co–Mn–Al mixed oxides promoted by potassium. In this study, answers to the following questions have been searched: Do the properties of the K-promoted Co–Mn–Al catalysts prepared by different methods differ from each other? The K-precipitated Co–Mn–Al oxide catalysts were prepared by the precipitation of metal nitrates with a solution of K2CO3/KOH, followed by the washing of the precipitate to different degrees of residual K amounts, and by cthe alcination of the precursors at 500 °C. The properties of the prepared catalysts were compared with those of the best catalyst prepared by the K-impregnation of a wet cake of Co–Mn–Al oxide precursors. The solids were characterized by chemical analysis, DTG, XRD, N2 physisorption, FTIR, temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature programmed CO2 desorption (CO2-TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and the species-resolved thermal alkali desorption method (SR-TAD). The washing of the K-precipitated cake resulted in decreasing the K amount in the solid, which affected the basicity, reducibility, and non-linearly catalytic activity in NO decomposition. The highest activity was found at ca 8 wt.% of K, while that of the best K-impregnated wet cake catalyst was at about 2 wt.% of K. The optimization of the cake washing conditions led to a higher catalytic activity.