bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drainage N Loads Under Climate Change with Winter Rye Cover Crop in a Northern Mississippi River Basin Corn-Soybean Rotation
Authors: Malone Robert , Garbrecht Jurgen , Busteed Phillip , Hatfield Jerry , Todey Dennis , Gerlitz Jade , Fang Quanxiao , Sima Matthew , Radke Anna , Ma Liwang , Qi Zhiming , Wu Huaiqing , Jaynes Dan , Kaspar Thomas
Published: September 2020

To help reduce future N loads entering the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River 45%, Iowa set the goal of reducing non-point source N loads 41%. Studies show that implementing winter rye cover crops into agricultural systems reduces N loads from subsurface drainage, but its effectiveness in the Mississippi River Basin under expected climate change is uncertain. We used the field-tested Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to estimate drainage N loads, crop yield, and rye growth in central Iowa corn-soybean rotations. RZWQM scenarios included baseline (BL) observed weather (1991–2011) and ambient CO2 with cover crop and no cover crop treatments (BL_CC and BL_NCC). Scenarios also included projected future temperature and precipitation change (2065–2085) from six general circulation models (GCMs) and elevated CO2 with cover crop and no cover crop treatments (CC and NCC). Average annual drainage N loads under NCC, BL_NCC, CC and BL_CC were 63.6, 47.5, 17.0, and 18.9 kg N ha−1. Winter rye cover crop was more effective at reducing drainage N losses under climate change than under baseline conditions (73 and 60% for future and baseline climate), mostly because the projected temperatures and atmospheric CO2 resulted in greater rye growth and crop N uptake. Annual CC drainage N loads were reduced compared with BL_NCC more than the targeted 41% for 18 to 20 years of the 21-year simulation, depending on the GCM. Under projected climate change, average annual simulated crop yield differences between scenarios with and without winter rye were approximately 0.1 Mg ha−1. These results suggest that implementing winter rye cover crop in a corn-soybean rotation effectively addresses the goal of drainage N load reduction under climate change in a northern Mississippi River Basin agricultural system without affecting cash crop production.
Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Literature Review and a Classification Framework
Authors: Paliwal Vineet , Chandra Shalini , Sharma Suneel
Published: September 2020

Through a systematic review of publications in reputed peer-reviewed journals, this paper investigates the role of blockchain technology in sustainable supply chain management. It uses the What, Who, Where, When, How, and Why (5W+1H) pattern to formulate research objectives and questions. The review considers publications since 2015, and it includes 187 papers published in 2017, 2018, 2019, and the early part of 2020, since no significant publications were found in the year 2015 or 2016 on this subject. It proposes a reusable classification framework—emerging technology literature classification level (ETLCL) framework—based on grounded theory and the technology readiness level for conducting literature reviews in various focus areas of an emerging technology. Subsequently, the study uses ETLCL to classify the literature on our focus area. The results show traceability and transparency as the key benefits of applying blockchain technology. They also indicate a heightened interest in blockchain-based information systems for sustainable supply chain management starting since 2017. This paper offers invaluable insights for managers and leaders who envision sustainability as an essential component of their business. The findings demonstrate the disruptive power and role of blockchain-based information systems. Given the relative novelty of the topic and its scattered literature, the paper helps practitioners examining its various aspects by directing them to the right information sources.
Do CSR Ratings Affect Loan Spreads? Evidence from European Syndicated Loan Market
Authors: Drago Danilo , Carnevale Concetta
Published: September 2020

We investigate whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings affect the syndicated loan spreads paid by European listed firms. By performing ordinary least squares (OLS) pooled regressions on a sample of 1101 syndicated loans granted to European companies, we find evidence that borrowers’ CSR ratings have a significant impact on loan spreads. However, the relationship between CSR ratings and loan spreads is quite complex. Low CSR-rated firms pay higher loan spreads than better CSR-rated firms, but high CSR ratings are not always rewarded by lenders. The benefits of a high CSR rating level are significant only for firms located in countries that pay great attention to sustainability issues. Overall, our work provides a key to reconciling the mixed results obtained in the empirical literature, as we find evidence of a significant lack of homogeneity within the European Union countries regarding the relationship between CSR performance and the cost of debt financing.
The Right Time for Crowd Communication during Campaigns for Sustainable Success of Crowdfunding: Evidence from Kickstarter Platform
Authors: Ryoba Michael J. , Qu Shaojian , Ji Ying , Qu Deqiang
Published: September 2020

Only a small percentage of crowdfunding projects succeed in securing funds, the fact of which puts the sustainability of crowdfunding platforms at risk. Researchers have examined the influences of phased aspects of communication, drawn from updates and comments, on success of crowdfunding campaigns, but in most cases they have focused on the combined effects of the aspects. This paper investigated campaign success contribution of various combinations of phased communication aspects from updates and comments, the best of which can help creators to successfully manage campaigns by focusing on the important communication aspects. Metaheuristic and machine learning algorithms were used to search and evaluate the best combination of phased communication aspects for predicting success using Kickstarter dataset. The study found that the number of updates in phase one, the polarity of comments in phase two, readability of updates and polarity of comments in phase three, and the polarity of comments in phase five are the most important communication aspects in predicting campaign success. Moreover, the success prediction accuracy with the aspects identified after phasing is more than the baseline model without phasing. Our findings can help crowdfunding actors to focus on the important communication aspects leading to improved likelihood of success.
Sanitation Network Sulfide Modeling as a Tool for Asset Management. The Case of the City of Murcia (Spain)
Authors: García Juan T. , García-Guerrero Juan M. , Carrillo José M. , Sordo-Ward Álvaro , Altarejos-García Luis , Martínez-Solano Pedro D. , Pérez de la Cruz Francisco-Javier , Vigueras-Rodriguez Antonio , Castillo Luis G.
Published: September 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated in sewer networks induces corrosion which today constitutes the main cause of deterioration of concrete pipes. Information regarding the H2S concentration inside sewer networks, as well as its control and reduction, has become one of the most important concerns in sanitation systems management nowadays. Modeling sulfide dynamics is the key to understanding corrosion processes. A dynamic model (called EMU-SANETSUL) was developed to calculate the H2S concentration in both the water and the gas phases of the main sewers of the city of Murcia (Spain). The model was calibrated with data from field measurements taken from both the gas phase and wastewater. Samples were taken in the network from 2016 to 2019. The model achieved an accuracy index and error index in the ranges of 57% and 15%, respectively. Empirical equations of reaction are used, and calibration parameters are detailed. The code uses an explicit discretization technique, named the Discrete Volume Element Method (DVEM). A map with the annual average concentration of H2S at the gas phase inside each pipe of the simulated network is presented. Values are compared with the mechanical deterioration inventory from closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspections performed by the Municipal Sanitation Company of the city of Murcia (EMUASA). Mechanical deterioration of pipes has diverse causes, including corrosion of pipes by H2S. Sections with high H2S concentrations that match with mechanical wear can be considered susceptible to being prioritized when rehabilitation works are being planned. Therefore, H2S concentration modeling provides valuable information for asset management of the sewer network.
Importance of Urban Green at Reduction of Particulate Matters in Sihwa Industrial Complex, Korea
Authors: Yoo Sin-Yee , Kim Taehee , Ham Suhan , Choi Sumin , Park Chan-Ryul
Published: September 2020

The utilization of urban green areas has increased, but it is unclear whether urban green areas can decrease the concentration of particulate matter at an industrial complex city in Korea. We measured the extent of particulate matter (PM) reduction at a buffer green area in the Sihwa Industrial Complex. PM was measured at the industrial complex, the urban green area, and a nearby residential area from April to October 2019. PM reduction rates were highest at the urban green area in August and October, which is related to increased atmospheric mixing height and the active west wind blowing from the industrial complex to the residential area. Reduction rates of PM10 and PM2.5 at the urban green area showed the lowest values, namely 14.4% and 25.3%, respectively. The air temperature, wind speed, and humidity could affect the PM reduction rate by influencing the movement and dispersion of PM at the micro-spatiotemporal scale. These results indicated that PM concentration could be reduced by the structural change of a forest layer at a micro scale in urban green areas.
Development of SW Interface between Healthcare Standards—DASTA and HL7
Authors: Plischke Simona , Machutova Jana , Stasa Pavel , Unucka Jakub
Published: September 2020

The prescription and administration of drugs are the most common process that takes place in hospitals. Although a relatively simple process, it is considered the riskiest process in hospitals because mistakes during drug administration are among the most common ones. The aim is to introduce technological and process changes that will contribute to maximally increase the safety of the medication process and the efficiency of drug management. To support the automation of the medication process, it is desirable to use the international standard Health Level 7 (HL7). However, the Czech healthcare system currently supports the local healthcare standard—DASTA. For that reason, the paper introduces some of the options how to transfer data from DASTA to HL7 and deals with the development of a software (SW) interface that converts data necessary for robotic preparation of patient medication from the Czech DASTA data standard to the HL7 international standard used by selected robotics. Based on the performed analyses, a combination of robotics for the preparation of single-dose packages of drugs with one of the automated warehouses is recommended.
Interlimb Asymmetries and Ipsilateral Associations of Plantar Flexors and Knee Extensors Rate-of-Force Development Scaling Factor
Authors: Smajla Darjan , Knezevic Olivera M. , Mirkov Dragan M. , Šarabon Nejc
Published: September 2020

Rate of force/torque development scaling factor (RFD-SF/RTD-SF) was recently introduced as a tool to quantify the neuromuscular quickness, and it could have potential for interlimb asymmetry identification. Moreover, positive relationships in RFD-SF ability among different muscle groups were shown, but not in the lower extremity. The first aim of our study was to use RTD-SF for interlimb asymmetry identification. The second aim was to determine associations between plantar flexors (PF) and knee extensors (KE). Forty young healthy athletes (14.8 ± 1.2 years) performed explosive isometric contractions to a span of torque levels for PF and KE. From rapid isometric contractions, the RTD-SF and linearity (r2) of the regression line were calculated. Using RTD-SF we identified 10% (PF) and 15% (KE) of subjects with contralateral asymmetries (>15% criterion). The results revealed significant positive moderate correlation in RTD-SF between PF and KE (r = 0.401, p < 0.05). We supported that RTD-SF can be a useful tool for interlimb asymmetry identification. Future research about observed asymmetry in rapid submaximal contractions deserves more attention, as most of the functional sport specific activities put high demands on rapid force production. Our study as first confirmed positive associations in RTD-SF ability between muscle groups in lower limbs.
:THE COSMOLOGICAL OTOC: Formulating New Cosmological Micro-Canonical Correlation Functions for Random Chaotic Fluctuations in Out-Of-Equilibrium Quantum Statistical Field Theory
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan
Published: September 2020

The out-of-time-ordered correlation (OTOC) function is an important new probe in quantum field theory which is treated as a significant measure of random quantum correlations. In this paper, using for the first time the slogan “Cosmology meets Condensed Matter Physics”, we demonstrate a formalism to compute the Cosmological OTOC during the stochastic particle production during inflation and reheating following the canonical quantization technique. In this computation, two dynamical time scales are involved—out of them, at one time scale, the cosmological perturbation variable, and for the other, the canonically conjugate momentum, is defined, which is the strict requirement to define the time scale-separated quantum operators for OTOC and is perfectly consistent with the general definition of OTOC. Most importantly, using the present formalism, not only one can study the quantum correlation during stochastic inflation and reheating, but can also study quantum correlation for any random events in Cosmology. Next, using the late time exponential decay of cosmological OTOC with respect to the dynamical time scale of our universe which is associated with the canonically conjugate momentum operator in this formalism, we study the phenomenon of quantum chaos by computing the expression for the Lyapunov spectrum. Furthermore, using the well known Maldacena Shenker Stanford (MSS) bound on the Lyapunov exponent, λ≤2π/β, we propose a lower bound on the equilibrium temperature, T=1/β, at the very late time scale of the universe. On the other hand, with respect to the other time scale with which the perturbation variable is associated, we find decreasing, but not exponentially decaying, behaviour, which quantifies the random quantum correlation function out-of-equilibrium. We have also studied the classical limit of the OTOC and checked the consistency with the large time limiting behaviour of the correlation. Finally, we prove that the normalized version of OTOC is completely independent of the choice of the preferred definition of the cosmological perturbation variable.
The Influence of Horizontal Variability of Hydraulic Conductivity on Slope Stability under Heavy Rainfall
Authors: Han Tongchun , Liu Liqiao , Li Gen
Published: September 2020

Due to the natural variability of the soil, hydraulic conductivity has significant spatial variability. In the paper, the variability of the hydraulic conductivity is described by assuming that it follows a lognormal distribution. Based on the improved Green–Ampt (GA) model of rainwater infiltration, the analytical expressions of rainwater infiltration into soil with depth and time under heavy rainfall conditions is obtained. The theoretical derivation of rainfall infiltration is verified by numerical simulation, and is used to quantitatively analyze the effect of horizontal variability of the hydraulic conductivity on slope stability. The results show that the variability of the hydraulic conductivity has a significant impact on rainwater infiltration and slope stability. The smaller the coefficient of variation, the more concentrated is the rainwater infiltration at the beginning of rainfall. Accordingly, the wetting front is more obvious, and the safety factor is smaller. At the same time, the higher coefficient of variation has a negative impact on the cumulative infiltration of rainwater. The larger the coefficient of variation, the lower the cumulative rainwater infiltration. The conclusions reveal the influence of the horizontal variation of hydraulic conductivity on rainwater infiltration, and then the influence on slope stability.
Investigation of Attributes for Identifying Homogeneous Flood Regions for Regional Flood Frequency Analysis in Canada
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Stadnyk Tricia A.
Published: September 2020

The identification of homogeneous flood regions is essential for regional flood frequency analysis. Despite the type of regionalization framework considered (e.g., region of influence or hierarchical clustering), selecting flood-related attributes to reflect flood generating mechanisms is required to discriminate flood regimes among catchments. To understand how different attributes perform across Canada for identifying homogeneous regions, this study examines five distinctive attributes (i.e., geographical proximity, flood seasonality, physiographic variables, monthly precipitation pattern, and monthly temperature pattern) for their ability to identify homogeneous regions at 186 gauging sites with their annual maximum flow data. We propose a novel region revision procedure to complement the well-known region of influence and L-Moments techniques that automates the identification of homogeneous regions across continental domains. Results are presented spatially for Canada to assess patterning of homogeneous regions. Memberships of two selected regions are investigated to provide insight into membership characteristics. Sites in eastern Canada are highly likely to identify homogeneous flood regions, while the western prairie and mountainous regions are not. Overall, it is revealed that the success of identifying homogeneous regions depends on local hydrological complexities, whether the considered attribute(s) reflect primary flooding mechanism(s), and on whether catchment sites are clustered in a small geographic region. Formation of effective pooling groups affords the extension of record lengths across the Canadian domain (where gauges typically have <50 years of record), facilitating more comprehensive analysis of higher return period flood needs for climate change assessment.
Hazard Mapping of the Rainfall–Landslides Disaster Chain Based on GeoDetector and Bayesian Network Models in Shuicheng County, China
Authors: Rong Guangzhi , Li Kaiwei , Han Lina , Alu Si , Zhang Jiquan , Zhang Yichen
Published: September 2020

Landslides are among the most frequent natural hazards in the world. Rainfall is an important triggering factor for landslides and is responsible for topples, slides, and debris flows—three of the most important types of landslides. However, several previous relevant research studies covered general landslides and neglected the rainfall–topples–slides–debris flows disaster chain. Since landslide hazard mapping (LHM) is a critical tool for disaster prevention and mitigation, this study aimed to build a GeoDetector and Bayesian network (BN) model framework for LHM in Shuicheng County, China, to address these geohazards. The GeoDetector model will be used to screen factors, eliminate redundant information, and discuss the interaction between elements, while the BN model will be used for constructing a causality disaster chain network to determine the probability and risk level of the three types of landslides. The practicability of the BN model was confirmed by error rate and scoring rules validation. The prediction accuracy results were tested using overall accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, relative operating characteristics curve, and seed cell area index. The proposed framework is demonstrated to be sufficiently accurate to construct the complex LHM. In summary, the combination of the GeoDetector and BN model is very promising for spatial prediction of landslides.
Research on the Comprehensive Optimization of the Hydraulic Performance and Frost-Heaving Resistance of a Parabolic Channel
Authors: Yang Zhuo , He Wuquan , Wang Yubao , Lou Zongke , Duan Pinzhang
Published: September 2020

Hydraulic performance and frost-heaving resistance should be considered simultaneously in the channel design of seasonally frozen soil areas. Quadratic parabolic channels have good water and sand transport capacities and high frost-heaving resistances. The width–depth ratio of a parabola determines its section structural form, which in turn determines the hydraulic performance and frost-heaving resistance. In this research, based on the current lack of a comprehensive optimization method that accounts for the hydraulic performance and frost-heaving resistance of the cross-section structures of parabolic channels, a multi-objective optimization model was established with the goal of achieving a minimum cross-sectional flow area and a uniform channel section force. Taking the flow velocity, the width–depth ratio and the crack resistance of concrete lining plate as constraints, the α method of the linear weighted sum method was used to optimize the calculation, and the comprehensive optimal quadratic parabolic channel section was obtained. The comprehensive optimal section of an actual parabolic channel in the Shijin Irrigation District was determined using this method, and the comprehensive optimal section was analyzed and compared to the original design section and two typical parabolic channel sections. The comprehensive optimal section was compared with the original design section in the Shijin Irrigation District. The force uniformity of the optimal section was 23.2% better, the hydraulic performance was 1.96% better, and the land use was 12.35% less. Compared with the values for the hydraulic optimal section, the maximum positive and negative bending moments of the comprehensive optimal section decreased by 5.6% and 11.89%, respectively, and the force uniformity increased by 7.62%. Additionally, compared with the values for the practical economic section, the force uniformity and the hydraulic performance of the comprehensive optimal section increased by 1.79% and 0.2%, respectively, and the land use decreased by 4.49%. Thus, the comprehensive optimal section met the engineering requirements and it could provide a reference for the design and selection of parabolic channels in seasonally frozen soil areas.
Exploring the Interactions of Physical, Chemical and Biological Variables of an Urban River Using Network Analysis
Authors: Medupin Cecilia , Bannister Charles , Schwartz Jean-Marc
Published: September 2020

Network analysis was used as a method to investigate the relationship between benthic macroinvertebrates in an urban river watershed and physicochemical variables. The measured physicochemical variables were the dissolved oxygen, temperature, nutrients, conductivity, pH, total organic matter, biochemical oxygen demand and river discharge. The metrics applied in the study were the degree of connections between nodes, the number of edges identified for each study location and the functional feeding groups. The river sampling took place over 14 months and sampling took place at five sites, two of which were upstream of a major wastewater treatment works and three sites were downstream of the works. A biological and environmental (BIOENV) analysis was included as part of the overall analysis to compare the variables that influenced the river ecosystem. This study shows that the relationships between benthic macroinvertebrates were stronger at the upstream locations of the watershed, while the downstream locations were controlled by the physicochemical relationships. From this analysis, the river quality and biodiversity were mainly controlled by the discharge, conductivity and availability of relevant organic matter suitable for organisms. Through the network, the degree of connections between the variables revealed the status of the urban river and provided insight into the possible management of vegetation cover across the urban watershed.
Trends in the Magnitude and Frequency of Extreme Rainfall Regimes in Florida
Authors: Mahjabin Tasnuva , Abdul-Aziz Omar I.
Published: September 2020

Trends in the extreme rainfall regimes were analyzed at 24 stations of Florida for four analysis periods: 1950–2010, 1960–2010, 1970–2010, and 1980–2010. A trend-free pre-whitening approach was utilized to correct data for autocorrelations. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Theil-Sen approach were employed to detect and estimate trends in the magnitude of annual maximum rainfalls and in the number of annual above-threshold events (i.e., frequency). A bootstrap resampling approach was used to account for cross-correlations across sites and evaluate the global significance of trends at the 10% level (p-value ≤ 0.10). Dominant locally significant (p-value ≤ 0.10) increasing trends were found in the magnitudes of 1–12 h extreme rainfalls for the longest period, and in 6 h to 7 day rainfalls for the shortest period. The trends in 2–12 h rainfalls were also globally significant (i.e., exceeded the trends that could occur by chance). In contrast, globally significant decreasing trends were noted in the annual number of 1–3 h, 1–6 h, and 3–6 h extreme rainfalls during 1950–2010, 1960–2010, and 1980–2010, respectively. Trends in the number of 1–7 day extreme rainfalls were mixed, lacking global significance. Our findings would guide stormwater management in tropical/subtropical environments of Florida and around the world.
Assessing the Karst Groundwater Quality and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of a Prominent Dolomite Aquifer in Guizhou, China
Authors: Wang Zhongmei , Torres Martin , Paudel Prakash , Hu Liangbo , Yang Genlan , Chu Xuewei
Published: September 2020

Karst groundwater is one of the primary water resources in most provinces of Southwestern China where karst topography is strongly featured. In Guizhou Province, a prominent geologic sedimentary formation is the dolomite stratum which exists as the restricted platform facies and potentially provides a large reservoir for drinking water. A proper understanding and evaluation of its hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality is the key to ensuring the drinking water safety. In the present study, groundwater samples were collected from 25 locations of the dolomite aquifer across Guizhou to determine their major chemical compounds, including the cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and the anions (HCO3−, F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−), as well as the pH, total hardness, and total dissolved solids. HCO3− and Ca2+ were found to be the dominant anion and cation, respectively, which is characteristic of typical karst groundwater and supports the overall observation of a slightly weak acid to weak alkaline environment in the studied groundwater, as the pH measurements ranged from 6.80 to 8.37. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the groundwater quality based on typical drinking water safety standard. The results show that the groundwater in most of the studied aquifers is of reasonably good quality. However, in some aquifers, concentrations of NO3− and/or SO42− were found to be excessively high. Overall, the studied dolomite aquifer in its natural environment as investigated in the present study can be considered as a potential geological stratum for water resources exploitation in Guizhou.
Impact of Organic Loading Rate on Performance and Methanogenic Microbial Communities of a Fixed-Bed Anaerobic Reactor at 4 °C
Authors: Zhao Hongyan , Yan Feifan , Li Xue , Piao Renzhe , Wang Weidong , Cui Zongjun
Published: September 2020

We investigated the feasibility of producing biogas in a fixed-bed anaerobic reactor at 4 °C with a gradual increase in organic loading rate (OLR). Reactor efficiency was highest when OLR was 4.33 kg/m3·d, whereas the reactor acidification occurred when OLR was 4.67 kg/m3·d. The values of methane content, biogas production, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, biogas production rate, acetic acid content, and propionic acid content were 69.3%, 5.33 L, 59.8%, 1.03 L/OLR, 0.17 g/L, and 1.15 g/L, respectively. The pH was stable and ranged from 7.2 to 6.8 when the reactor was operating at 4 °C during OLR increase. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that the dominant archaea were Methanosaetaceae at 30 °C. At 4 °C, the dominant archaea were Methanomicrobiales, which were more abundant in adhering sludge compared to settled sludge. In conclusion, operating a fixed-bed anaerobic reactor at psychrophilic temperatures is more suitable.
Investigating the Climate-Induced Livelihood Vulnerability Index in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Mudasser Mehedi , Hossain Md. Zakir , Rahaman Khan Rubayet , Ha-Mim Nur Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Understanding the complex dynamics of a household’s livelihood and potential vulnerabilities in the face of climate change is challenging. This research paper considers the Shyamnagar sub-district in the southern part of Bangladesh to analyze the complex issues of the vulnerability of livelihoods in the face of climate change. We conducted a questionnaire survey (n = 156) of approximately 15.6% of households in the study area. Consequently, we collected Geographical Information System (GIS) data and satellite imagery to demonstrate the land-use changes concerning vulnerabilities. A total of 54 indicators were selected to assess the livelihood vulnerability index, considering the demographic profiles, livelihood strategies, social networks, food security, water security, income, physical infrastructures, access to health services, and impacts of natural disasters. The results of the study demonstrate that only 21% of the people in the studied regions are less vulnerable to livelihood impacts in the face of climate change, while 23% of the households remain the most vulnerable. Moreover, inadequate social networks and inefficient livelihood strategies are contributing the most to the household vulnerability indices. Interestingly, the impacts of natural disasters remain the same for the whole study area and endure similarly when assessing household vulnerability. Finally, the study reveals that decision-makers may formulate effective adaptation policies to safeguard people and their livelihoods in the time of unprecedented climatic conditions in this unique area of Bangladesh.
Clinical And Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring In Subjects With Stent Implanted Aortic Coarctation
Authors: EROL Nurdan
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of systemic hypertension by clinical and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in subjects with stent implanted aortic coarctation.
Material and Methods: The study included in 31 subjects with stent implanted aortic coarctation before at least 6 months to 3 years. Related features of subjectes, procedure, echocardiografhic findings were evaluated retrospectively. Blood pressure were examined by classical method and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Results: 22 of subjects were male and 9 were female. Mean age was 14,50 ±6,56 years. The mean body mass index was found to be 18,61 ±4,02.16 of them had native coarctation, others had recoarctation. The efficiency of procedure on blood pressure, echocardigraphic and angiocardiographic gradients was found to be statistically significant. 11 subjects were using antihypertensive drug. Six normotensive subjects had hypertensive in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.17 subject were considered hypertensive group, others normotensive. There was not statistically significant difference between hypertensive group and normotensive group in demographic paramaters, coarctation type and diameter, the stent type and size, echocardiographic and catheter gradients before and after the procedure.
Conclusions: Despite optimal treatment, hypertension persists in an important part of the subjects. Some normotensive subjects had hypertensive with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The study showed that clinical blood pressure monitoring does not sufficient to determined hypertension alone. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement with regular intervals will be beneficial in the follow-up of these subjects for hypertension.
Updated COVID-19 Outbreak Forecast for San Diego County, April 2020
Authors: Eshraghian Emily , Jacobs Nathan , Morgan Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

Here we extend and update our earlier projections of COVID-19 hospitalizations in San Diego County (1), and report a more optimistic outlook through the end of April 2020.
San Diego confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on March 7, 2020. Several mitigation efforts were enacted on various dates, including a state-mandated stay-at-home order and enforcement of social distancing in public areas. Though mitigation strategies are helping lower the burden of disease, incident cases continue to increase exponentially. Our updated model includes data up to April 7 and does not forecast beyond April 30.
Our approach uses a “wisdom of crowds” strategy (see link to methods for details) where a range of outbreak models from worst case scenario (Model A) to best case scenario (Model C) were presented to experts and non-experts (n=8) who were asked to vote on a most plausible model for expected COVID-19 spread. Final vote tallies were used to create a weighted average (Model M) as the official model projection.
Our model predicts that San Diego County will not hit hospital capacity for standard hospital beds (panel a) nor for intensive care unit (ICU) beds (panel b) within April 2020. If current conditions continue, we predict the expected “surge” in hospitalizations to occur without surpassing hospital capacity, and that hospitalizations will decrease thereafter until the outbreak has been contained. However, it is important to note that factors such as changes in social distancing policies, even if occurring when existing or incident cases are low, may still result in new outbreaks and future spikes in hospitalizations. Furthermore, no models have been extensively validated for COVID-19.
We encourage all residents of San Diego to continue rigorously following social distancing practices to improve the likelihood of best case scenarios and limit the scope of possible worst case scenarios.
El testimonio como estrategia política para visibilizar la Violencia contra las Mujeres
Authors: Gutiérrez Gómez Jessica
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un recuento acerca de cómo el movimiento de mujeres retomó el testimonio de víctimas como estrategia para hacer escuchar sus demandas de reconocimiento y justicia en el tema de violencia contra las mujeres. Se divide en tres momentos: la revisión de “la era del testigo” y cómo se legitiman socialmente los relatos de las víctimas; las acciones implementadas por las feministas que representan ONGs para ser escuchadas en los organismos internacionales de Derechos Humanos; y las dos perspectivas que articulan la demanda de justicia: la perspectiva penal y la sanitaria, específicamente analizadas en el caso de la violencia sexual a través del ejemplo de la política anti-trata. Finalmente, se retoman algunas críticas a esta estrategia y a las perspectivas planteadas.
La concientización: un arma radical
Authors: Sarachild Kathie
Published: September 2020

Lo que sigue a continuación es una compilación y ampliación del texto, las notas y los comentarios de una charla que ofreció Kathie Sarachild sobre la concientización en la Primera Conferencia de Azafatas por los Derechos de las Mujeres en Nueva York, el 12 marzo de 1973. Sarachild delineó el programa original para “la concientización feminista radical” que fuera presentado en la Primera Conferencia Nacional de la Liberación de las Mujeres el 27 de noviembre de 1968 en Chicago.
Clase y género en las propuestas de la “Humanización” del parto: Un análisis desde la Antropología feminista
Authors: Jerez Celeste
Published: September 2020

Actualmente existen distintos sentidos brindados al término“Humanización” dentro del ámbito del parto, que entran en diálogo yen disputa por un espacio político a ser ocupado. Algunos de estossentidos son el resultado de los históricos reclamos y de la lucha dedeterminadas mujeres, de agrupaciones y de activistas del movimientofeminista. Este proceso aportó a la consolidación de las dos LeyesNacionales sobre parto (25.929 y 26.485, artículo 6 inciso “e”). Partiendode una perspectiva feminista, en este artículo realizaré una lecturaantropológica de la problematización social de los partos, incluyendoel análisis de los alcances de clase y de género que la “Humanización”del parto tiene como acto político de ciertas mujeres y agrupaciones.
Pembentukan Facebook News Room Dalam Menekan Kasus Rasisme
Authors: Sari Ina Novita , Pratiwi Tiara
Published: September 2020

Berdasarkan kasus kematian Goerge Floyd di Minneapolis, Amerika Serikat yang menimbulkan reaksi keras banyak kalangan di Amerika Serikat dan media dunia menyoroti kasus ini hingga memunculkan tagar #BlackLivesMatter di media sosial, Facebook dikabarkan memulai tindakan melabeli konten berita yang berasal dari media asing seperti Rusia, China, Korea Utara, dan Iran melalui fitur Facebook Newsroom, yang bertujuan sebagai upaya Facebook mereduksi saluran media asing yang dikendalikan oleh negara serta meredam aktivitas pemberitaan yang berpotensi mendorong informasi palsu. Pemberian label laman ‘media asing’ ini didasarkan pada berbagai faktor, seperti informasi kepemilikan hingga kebijakan koreksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembentukan dan efektivitas Facebook Newsroom dalam menekan kasus rasisme, berfokus pada pemberian label pada media asing dengan menggunakan penelitan kualitatif deskriptif dan observasi sebagai unit analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Facebook Newsroom merupakan strategi Facebook untuk menyaring informasi yang dikonsumsi oleh penggunanya. Namun setelah satu bulan launcing di Amerika Serikat, Facebook masih dinilai memiliki masalah yang sama yakni misinformasi dan tempat seseorang menyebarkan ujaran kebencian. Sampai saat ini dapat dinyatakan bahwa tindakan ini tidak cukup berarti untuk meredam amarah publik dan mengembalikan kepercayaan dari pengiklan. Bila tidak ada perubahan dalam waktu dekat, Facebook bisa saja ditinggalkan oleh pengguna karena kehilangan kredibilitas
OPERASI SPESIAL MATRIKS BINER
Authors: Lazwardi Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rumus khusus dari matriks biner mengenai identifikasi dan pemodelan objek dinamis menggunakan matriks biner. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan beberapa informasi sebelumnya tentang sifat-sifat matriks biner dan menghasilkan operasi baru dan kesetaraan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah definisi memperbesar, memperkecil, dan beberapa hubungan relasi ekivalensi khusus.
ABORDAGEM DA SEXUALIDADE NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: De Carvalho Pacagnella Rodolfo
Published: September 2020

Compreendida como uma abordagem positiva da sexualidade humana, a discussão sobre “Saúde Sexual” tem sido a estratégia escolhida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como reação ao surgimento do HIV e em resposta à maior abertura sexual nas sociedades ocidentais. Uma vez que se reconhecem as múltiplas relações entre a saúde sexual, saúde física e bem-estar psicossocial, as discussões sobre Saúde Sexual devem ter prioridade na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Porém os serviços de saúde e os profissionais não respondem de forma satisfatória a essa expectativa, pois o estilo de atenção médica privilegia procedimentos clássicos de anamnese e exame físico e apresenta correlação negativa com promoção de saúde, esfera onde devem ser abordados os aspectos da sexualidade. Propõe-se uma forma de abordagem que permita a superação do modelo biomédico hegemônico na direção do cuidado em saúde através de posturas que favoreçam a comunicação e o encontro clínico.
Reanatomização dentária e sua importância nos resultados estéticos do sorriso: relato de caso
Authors: Borges Lucas Riza , Freese Neto Ary , Martins Victor da Mota , Santos-Filho Paulo César de Freitas , Silva Camila Ferreira
Published: September 2020

Uma das tendências da odontologia é a área da estética que consiste na harmonização entre dentes, gengivas, lábios e face. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de reanatomização dentária pela técnica restauradora direta com resina composta, onde a queixa principal do paciente se baseava nos espaços interdentais e formato dos dentes na região anterior. Foi elaborado um plano de tratamento que consistiu inicialmente na realização da moldagem de estudo, enceramento diagnóstico e mock-up, onde foi detectada a necessidade de uma gengivoplastia. Em seguida foi realizado um tratamento clareador e então o procedimento restaurador pela técnica direta com resina composta. Sendo assim, obteve-se um resultado satisfatório, suprindo as expectativas do paciente, conservador, pois não houve necessidade de desgaste dentário e com grande previsibilidade técnica.
Harmonização do sorriso por meio de cirurgia periodontal e restaurações diretas em resina composta
Authors: Gontijo Gustavo Martins , Gontijo Neto João , Santos Kleber Vinícius Rodrigues dos , Souza João Batista de , Castro Arioldo Teles de
Published: September 2020

Procedimentos estéticos odontológicos estão cada vez mais integrados com outras áreas, trabalhando em prol da otimização de resultados psicossociais e funcionais, e aumentando as possibilidades inclusas no plano de tratamento. A estética apresenta grande relevância na odontologia moderna, a demanda por sorrisos brancos e harmoniosos aumenta proporcionalmente às novas técnicas existentes. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar um caso de reabilitação estética a partir do planejamento digital do sorriso que dará informações benéficas para avaliar as diversas possibilidades frente ao segmento restaurador e periodontal cirúrgico. Paciente R. C. C., 22 anos, sexo masculino, compareceu a clínica integrada com queixa estética nos dentes anteriores. A partir do exame clínico inicial, foram solicitados exames de rotina concomitantemente à moldagem para modelo de estudo. Após o estudo de caso, esclarecimento do planejamento ao paciente e frente as expectativas estéticas, foi solicitado o exame de Planejamento Digital do Sorriso (Digital Smile Design – DSD). Foi realizada a cirurgia de gengivoplastia e osteoplastia dos pré-molares nos dentes 12, 14, 15, 24 e 25, fundamentada nos parâmetros fornecidos pelo exame digital e restaurações diretas em resina composta após o período de cicatrização adequado. Cada vez mais, é exigido do cirurgião-dentista, uma visão ampla que permita explorar as diversas perspectivas vigentes atendendo aos interesses e necessidades do paciente. Conclui-se, independentemente da área da atuação, a realização e otimização de resultados caminha lado a lado com a multidisciplinariedade que, a cada dia que se passa, ganha importância na formação acadêmica profissional.
Determinação da umidade relativa do campo operatório com isolamento absoluto, modificado e relativo – estudo piloto
Authors: Caviglia Nicolas Andres , Urzagaste Oscar Arauco , Siqueira Patrícia Correia , Decurcio Rafael de Almeida , Decurcio Daniel de Almeida
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Determinar a umidade relativa (UR) do ar ao nível da borda incisal dos incisivos centrais superiores sob diferentes técnicas de isolamento do campo operatório. Material e Métodos: As medições de UR foram realizadas com um termo-higrômetro digital. Quatro pacientes foram selecionados e submetidos a três diferentes técnicas de isolamento: 1- isolamento absoluto; 2- isolamento modificado; 3- isolamento relativo. Nas técnicas de isolamento modificado e relativo foram ainda colocados dispositivos de aspiração por compressor e por bomba a vácuo, para verificação de sua influência na UR. Após o isolamento, o higrômetro foi posicionado ao nível da borda incisal dos incisivos centrais superiores e as medidas de UR foram registradas e calculadas as médias. Resultados: A UR do ambiente no dia das aferições foi de 31%. As medições com isolamento relativo apresentaram média de 98%. O uso de aspiração reduziu os valores de UR para 86% com compressor e 69% com bomba a vácuo. As medições realizadas com isolamento modificado apresentaram valores que variaram de 31% a 95%, dependendo do uso de sistemas de aspiração, enquanto as obtidas sob isolamento absoluto apresentaram um valor médio de 33%. Conclusões: As medições demonstram que a UR se encontra quase totalmente saturada ao nível de incisivos centrais superiores com isolamento relativo, enquanto os valores obtidos com o isolamento absoluto demonstram que é verdadeiramente absoluto, propiciando as melhores condições para os procedimentos clínicos.
A economia e o fim último humano
Authors: Fontes Fabrício Soares Santos
Published: September 2020

Este artigo aborda a economia como apresentada por dois autores gregos antigos: Xenofonte e Aristóteles (incluindo uma obra atribuída a este, mas provavelmente espúria). Xenofonte, homem militar que foi instruído por Sócrates e frequentou seu círculo, demonstrava apreço pelas questões relacionadas à vida prática, o que se reflete em seus Econômicos, um diálogo socrático em que seu mestre aparece discutindo assuntos de economia, buscado o ensinamento de um homem experiente na área e retransmitindo-o a outro interlocutor. Aristóteles aborda temas ligados à economia na Ética a Nicômaco e na Política, mas há outra obra atribuída a ele dedicada exclusivamente a economia, conhecida também como Econômicos; essa obra é aristotélica em estilo, mas difere suficientemente em certos aspectos para que seja considerada de outro autor, referido com Pseudo Aristóteles. A noção de economia política não era totalmente desconhecida para os antigos, o próprio Aristóteles a aborda, mas não era o foco principal de interesse. A economia, na compreensão desses autores antigos, é entendida primariamente em seu sentido literal, enquanto os preceitos de administração da casa e propriedades (economia vem das palavras oikos = casa e nómos = lei, costume, convenção); os autores estudam principalmente o que chamaríamos hoje como economia doméstica ou privada, entendida como uma técnica própria do chefe de família (déspotes), incluindo em seu campo de estudos assuntos como a relação entre os esposos e o correto trato com os escravos e filhos.
O semblante como "palimpsesto transfigurado": de Annibale Carracci a Sherlock Holmes
Authors: Cuozzo Gianluca
Published: September 2020

La parte virgolettata del titolo la devo a un’espressione di Cesare Lombroso, il quale – nella Prefazione alla quinta edizione de L’uomo delinquente – scriveva di voler trattare il corpo umano alla stregua di un testo vivo in cui s’inscriverebbe la segnatura dell’interiorità umana, vale a dire il carattere e la nostra disposizione spirituale ai vizi e alle virtù. Sicché, nel caso dei pazzi e dei criminali, «si pu‰ spesso indovinare dalla fisionomia e dal cranio la loro tempra morale», mettendo in atto «una lettura, direi, di un palimsesto alla rovescia».