bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa Kelas IV Pada Materi Gaya Pembelajaran IPAS di SDN Karangtengah 1 Kota Blitar
Authors: Raysalma Khalidya , Tiara Hanesti Nalurita , Thohir M Anas
Published: February 2025

Science learning at the elementary school level is more focused on planting basic concepts, one of which is force material. The planting of concepts will affect the understanding of other concepts in the future. Misconceptions occur because the cultivation of concepts is not in line with the ideas that have been agreed upon by experts. This study aims to assist teachers in analyzing students' misconceptions about force material, analyzing the factors that cause misconceptions, and providing recommendations to overcome these misconceptions. This research method uses a quantitative descriptive method, using a three tier diagnostic written test sheet as a data collection tool. The three tier diagnostic test used amounted to 10 items and each question consisted of 3 levels of questions. Based on the analysis of misconceptions in this force material, it was found that the highest misconception experienced by students was in the concept of gravitational force affecting the speed of falling objects at 85.19%, while the lowest misconception was in the concept of the effect of gravitational force on the direction and motion of an object at 4.44%. Misconceptions occur due to several factors, one of which is the delivery of teaching materials by the teacher. The information generated from this research can guide teachers in increasing knowledge about the correct concept of force. This research also allows teachers to design appropriate learning strategies to overcome students' misconceptions, especially in the classroom.
E-Book Interaktif Berbasis Kearifan Budaya Lokal Sebagai Implementasi Literasi Budaya Siswa Kelas 5 SDN Telang 1
Authors: Siswoyo Andika Adinanda , Wijaya Bagus Rahmad , Pahlefi Sela Reza
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi pembelajaran di SDN Telang 1 yang cenderung monoton, menyebabkan banyak siswa merasa bosan dan menurunnya literasi. Terbatasnya bahan ajar interaktif menjadi penyebab utama pada permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan E-Book interaktif berbasis kearifan budaya lokal yang valid dan menarik pada materi warisan budaya untuk siswa kelas 5 di SDN Telang 1. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang menggunakan model 4D Thiagarajan, yang terdiri dari empat tahap: Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari validasi ahli bahan ajar, ahli desain pembelajaran, dan ahli materi serta subjek uji yaitu guru dan 13 siswa kelas 5. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi, sementara pengumpulan data melalui angket validasi ahli serta angket respons guru dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) E-Book interaktif dinyatakan valid untuk digunakan sebagai bahan ajar IPS kelas 5 SD dengan skor validitas rata-rata sebesar 94,96% (kategori sangat valid), 2) E-Book interaktif menarik dengan skor kemenarikan rata-rata sebesar 78% (kategori menarik) pada uji coba terbatas dan skor kemenarikan rata-rata sebesar 71,5% (kategori menarik) pada uji coba lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa E-Book interaktif berbasis kearifan lokal pada materi warisan budaya untuk kelas 5 di SDN Telang 1 dinilai valid dan menarik sehingga layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar IPS di tingkat sekolah dasar.
Figurative language in the olfactory do-main across Chinese and English: Examples of chòu (臭) and foul/smelly /stinking1
Authors: Zhao Xuan
Published: February 2025

Conventionally, smell has been regarded as a relatively ineffable percept and concept. Howe-ver, the personal experience of using the olfactory Chinese word chòu (臭, 'smelly') makes me think that the word is not so ineffable in China as people often use it daily. To verify the hypot-hesis that the Chinese character chòu (臭) has distinctive figurative sense and collocation pat-terns compared with English terms like foul, smelly, or stinking, the study used corpus-linguistic data to identify the salience, frequency, and collocation of olfactory words in Chinese and En-glish. The study shows that the psychological similarity between bad smell and negative mental states is very salient in both languages. Nevertheless, the construal of the subjective feelings conveyed through these olfactory words is subject to the specific context and the speaker's intention. Keywords: smell; chòu (臭); figurative sense; frequency; collocation.
Investigations on injection mold inserts with reduced thermal masses using additive manufacturing
Authors: Fitzlaff Milan , Khoury Gibran , Käß Moritz , Werz Martin , Gundelsweiler Bernd , Weihe Stefan
Published: February 2025

This work examined previously developed injection mold inserts with reduced thermal mass, with regard to lightweight construction approaches. These were optimised for oil-variothermal temperature control using simulative support. Additive manufacturing (AM), with its high degree of freedom in design, enables the implementation of individual, conformal cooling channels and can additionally support the efficiency of the variothermal process. The thermal mass of the injection mold is often a limiting factor in terms of process efficiency, which is also addressed in the analysis and optimisation considering the possibilities of additive manufacturing. A comparison of lightweight inserts with comparable variants made of solid material revealed a significant difference, with consideration of several tempering cycles. The validation of selected inserts confirmed the simulation. These investigations show that AM combined with lightweight construction approaches can support an additional increase in efficiency as well as a reduction in cycle times for the fluid-variothermal process control.
Influence of coating structure of an SiOx barrier coating on a PET substrate on water vapor permeation activation energy
Authors: Franke J. , Liedke M.O. , Dahmen P. , Butterling M. , Attallah A. G. , Wagner A. , Alizadeh P. , Dahlmann R.
Published: February 2025

The application of plasma polymerized silicon-based coatings on plastic substrates is an effective way to adjust the permeability of the substrate. However, the permeation mechanisms are yet not fully understood. Here, the activation energy of permeation can offer valuable insights. In order to understand how the activation energy of permeation depends on the coating structure, five silicon-based coatings with varying oxygen content were analyzed, which led to property modifications ranging from silicon-oxidic to silicon-organic. Positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed to characterize the free volume and quartz crystal microbalance measurements were used to determine the density of the coating. These results were compared to water vapor permeation measurements with a temperature variation in the range of 15°C to 50°C. As expected, the silicon-organic coatings do not significantly impact the permeation rates, while the silicon-oxidic coatings do exhibit a barrier effect. The density of the coatings increases for the more silicon-oxidic coatings. A coating with an unusually high oxygen to precursor ratio forms the exception in both permeation and density. The free volume appears to increase for the more silicon-organic coatings. The pore wall chemistry is also affected, hinting at a structural transition from silicon-organic to silicon-oxidic. With this approach, we aim for an in-depth understanding of the chemical structure of silicon-based thin film coatings and its influence on gas permeation through those coatings.
From vibrating molecules to a running shoe: connecting dielectric properties with process feedback in radio-frequency welding of TPU bead foams
Authors: Dippold Marcel , Chairopoulou Makrina A. , Drexler, Maximilian , Scheiber Michael , Ruckdäschel Holger
Published: February 2025

Besides new material solutions, innovative processing technologies are key for working towards a more sustainable future for bead foam products. Compared to standard steam chest molding, innovative radio frequency (RF) welding shows great potential based on its direct energy input, which results in reduced energy consumption. Thus, the present study provides fundamental insights into the correlation of dielectric properties of expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (ETPU) bead foams with the processing behavior. Impedance spectroscopy is used to analyze the complex relative permittivity 𝜀𝜀!∗ of both polymer and respective beads. The dielectric properties of polymers are dictated by their molecular structure and hence resulting dipoles. Thus, significant dependency on temperature and frequency is observed due to changes in chain flexibility and therefore alignment with the oscillating electromagnetic field. As cellular structures, the introduction of a second air phase leads to generally attenuated values at equal trends. Within the RF process, changes, predominantly in the imaginary part of 𝜀𝜀!∗ from initial starting temperatures up to welding, are directly reflected in the power curve as process feedback. Furthermore, temperature evolution and derived heating rate within the bead foams demonstrate excellent conformity with previous results with minor deviations due to the thermal inertia of the fiber optic temperature sensor.
Improvement of an alternative method for the correction of wall slip effects in rheological studies of filled rubber compounds
Authors: Kleinschmidt Dennis , Petzke Jonas , Brüning Florian
Published: February 2025

Developing new and improved rubber compounds to meet increasing demands for application specific product properties requires detailed knowledge of material properties to be able to predict the processing behavior. Therefore, rheological material properties, which are traditionally determined using the high-pressure capillary rheometer (HPCR) are of crucial importance. Rubber compounds often exhibit flow anomalies and non-isothermal effects, influenced by the compound ingredients and processing parameters that are generally neglected in rheological studies and simulations. This work presents an improved model for describing wall slip effects based on the Coulomb wall slip model, taking into account dissipative material heating. Rheological studies were performed on a carbon black-filled SBR tire tread compound. Using slit capillaries with different geometric dimensions, the pressure dependence of wall slip effects was confirmed, allowing the separation of the flow curve into wall adherent and wall slip regions.
Processing of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) by in-situ ground tire rubber (GTR) vulcanization using waste ethylene-vinyl-acetate (wEVA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP)
Authors: Suarez Loor J. , Lazo M. , Rigail A. , Adrian E. , Vera J.
Published: February 2025

Tire rubber waste (TRW) is a complex mixture of materials, such as rubbers, steel, textile fibers, carbon black, and other additives. Its polluting capacity is a severe environmental problem, especially in landfills and waste management processes. As a practical solution to mitigate TRW’s environmental impact, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) commonly reuse the ground tire rubber (GTR). This work presents an in-situ devulcanization of ground tire rubber (DGTR) and re-vulcanization of devulcanized ground tire rubber using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and waste ethylene-vinyl-acetate (wEVA). The GTR was devulcanized through thermo-mechanical action and then blended with waste ethylene-vinyl-acetate (wEVA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to produce the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). This blending process was monitored using a torque rheometer and analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to evaluate the crosslinking reactions and kinetic behavior. The results indicated that in-situ vulcanization took place within the rheometer mixing chamber, evidenced by an increase in torque. DSC analysis of the DGTR-DCP-wEVA system confirmed the curing reaction prior to vulcanization. The resulting in-situ vulcanized TPE ensures improved component adhesion. This research offers practical insights into a scalable, non-advanced process for local plastics industries in developing countries to incorporate vulcanized TPEs, thereby enhancing their knowledge and understanding of this innovative approach.
Analisis Sikap Kognitif Petani Jagung dalam Menghadapi Kelangkaan Pupuk Bersubsidi di Desa Bonelemo Barat, Kecamatan Bajo Barat, Kabupaten Luwu
Authors: Nur Aidah  , Intisari  , Sumantri Sumantri
Published: February 2025

Perkembangan industri peternakan unggas yang cukup cepat mendorong semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan jagung. Ketersediaan pupuk yang cukup dapat membantu petani dalam meningkatkan produktivitas jagung. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sikap petani jagung dalam menghadapi kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi berdasarkan struktur sikap kognitif di Desa Bonelemo Barat, Kecamatan Bajo Barat, Kabupaten Luwu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Bonelemo Barat, Kecamatan Bajo Barat, Kabupaten Luwu yang merupakan suatu daerah dimana mata pencaharian penduduknya adalah petani jagung pakan. Waktu penelitian adalah berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan mulai Juni sampai Agustus 2024. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam suatu penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan mennggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur sikap kognitif petani jagung dalam menghadapi kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi dikategorikan sangat baik dengan nilai skor 1.007.  Kategori skor sangat baik pada struktur sikap kognitif yang menunjukkan bahwa petani jagung tidak hanya memahami situasi yang dihadapi, tingkat kesadaran yang tinggi serta pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai pentingnya pupuk bersubsidi bagi keberlangsungan usahatani jagung pakan.
Analisis Pendapatan Petani Bawang Merah di Desa Tangru Kecamatan Malua Kabupaten Enrekang
Authors: Gita Srihidayati  , Erni Firdamayanti
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksirpiskan tingkat pendapatan petani Bawang Merah Desa Tangru Kecamatan Malua Kabupaten Enrekang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Tangru Kecamatan Malua Kabupaten Enrekang. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang bermata pencaharian sebagai petani bawang merah di Desa Tangru, Kecamatan Malua, Kabupaten Enrekang berjumlah 150 orang. Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah 10% dari total populasi sehingga responden dari penelitian adalah 15 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Komponen biaya yang digunakan adalah biaya tetap dan biaya variabel, yang termasuk dalam biaya tetap meliputi biaya pajak lahan dan biaya penyusutan alat (NPA), sedangkan biaya variabel yaitu bibit, pupuk, pestisida dan biaya tenaga kerja. Total biaya produksi usahatani bawang merah di Desa tangru pada tiap petani sebesar Rp. 27.362.592/petani/MT dan tiap hektar Rp. 73.168.222/Ha/MT. Rata-rata penerimaan petani dari usahatani bawang merah sebesar Rp. Rp. 115.640.889/petani dan Rp. 309.226.486/Ha/MT. Pendapatan usahatani bawang merah dari   15   petani   responden   rata-rata   sebesar Rp 85.970.741/petani/MT dan Rp. 73.168.222/Ha/MT
Pelatihan Desain Grafis Media Publikasi Komunitas BPKPKK KAPal berbasis Vektor dan Kecerdasan Buatan
Authors: Yulius Yosef , Bobby Halim  , Hestia Rachmat Nunciata Lubis  , Yosef Yulius Noor Faiza Febrianti  , Muhammad Rivan Hakim
Published: February 2025

This community service activity aims to enhance vector-based graphic design skills and the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for publication media among BPKPKK KAPal Community members. In the digital era, the demand for engaging visual content is increasing. However, many communities lack the necessary knowledge of graphic design to support their publications. This training uses a participatory and hands-on approach. Participants learn vector graphic principles using Adobe Illustrator and are introduced to AI technologies like generative AI and AI-assisted tools. The curriculum covers basic illustration, typography, color theory, layout design, and AI-assisted design automation. Results show significant improvement in participants' understanding and skills. They can now create professional posters, brochures, and social media content. Most participants found the training relevant and beneficial. This initiative empowers the community to independently produce quality publication materials and fosters digital literacy and creativity.
Digital Literacy and Training Ms. Office Excel
Authors: Adi Candra  , Farida  , Andi Nurul Faizah  , Husni Sulaiman
Published: February 2025

Tamalanrea Village is one of the villages registered as a smart village, so it is hoped that all residents understand and are able to apply technology. However, the usefulness of technology in this society is still not optimal, due to the lack of outreach and seminars related to current technological developments. The implementation method for this service is by using the following method: (1) lecture, this method is used to convey digital literacy which provides understanding and explanation to the public regarding the use of social media and how to be wiser in its use among the local community. (2) Demonstration, this method is used for an effective learning approach, to help participants understand complex concepts and develop practical skills. In carrying out this activity, an evaluation stage is carried out which is a very important activity carried out in service activities as a benchmark for the extent of the participants' abilities after participating in the training. The results of this literacy and training enable the community and village officials to understand and understand the ways and methods that need to be used in using social media and current data processing technology.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Kebersihan Genitalia Eksterna Dengan Terjadinya Keputihan Patologi Di Puskesmas Karang Taliwang Kota Mataram Tahun 2024
Authors: UTAMI PRAMITA PUTRI
Published: February 2025

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tahun 2020 di 8 kota besar Indonesia yaitu Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Medan, Banjarmasin dan Makasar dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 1000 orang ibu hamil ditemukan 823 orang (82,3%) yang mengalami keputihan (Indarti, 2018). Berdasarkan survey pendahuluan yang penulis lakukan terhadap 11 orang ibu  hamil tentang hubungan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang kebersihan genitalia eksterna dengan terjadinya keputihan patologi ternyata  yang memiliki kategori baik terdapat  2 orang, cukup 4 orang, dan kurang 5 orang, berdasarkan hasil survey tersebut didapatkan bahwa 8  ibu hamil yang mengalami keputihan dan yang tidak mengalami keputihan yaitu 3 ibu hamil, hal ini  di akibatkan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang merawat organ genetalia eksterna. Desain penelitian yang akan digunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian adalah penelitian analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah semua ibu hamil yang melakukan kunjungan di Puskesmas Karang Taliwang pada bulan Februari tahun 2024 sebanyak 67 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden yang memiliki umur <20 tahun sebanyak 13 orang, tidak bekerja 25 orang (60,98%),41 orang memiliki pengetahuan dengan kategori baik, yang tidak mengalami keputihan patologi  sebanyak 32 orang (78,05%), p value < α (0,1) yang artinya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan Ibu hamil tentang kebersihan genitalia eksterna dengan terjadinya keputihan patologi.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Tanda-tanda Bahaya Persalinan Dengan Pemilihan Tempat Persalinan
Authors: Mubayyina Firdaus , Utami Pramita Putri , Wigati Dewi Endah
Published: February 2025

Salah satu faktor tingginya AKI di Indonesia adalah disebabkan karena relatif masih rendahnya cakupan pertolongan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Indikator ini masih menjadi indikator porsi kematian ibu (AKI) yang penting dan baik serta selalu diperhatikan dalam beberapa bahasan. Semakin tinggi cakupan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan semakin rendah risiko terjadinya kematian Pada tingkat pengetahuan masih banyak keluarga yang belum mengetahui mengenai pentingnya melakukan persalinan yang sehat dan aman oleh tenaga kesehatan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan peneltian cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasional analitik dengan mengambil data ibu hamil TM III dengan populasi sebanyak 1.035 ibu hamil. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik accidental sampling sebanyak 30 sampel ibu hamil trimester III. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menunjukkan ibu yang memilih tempat persalinan yang faskes lebih banyak ditemukan pada ibu yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 16 orang (69,6%) dan ibu yang memilih tempat persalinan non faskes lebih banyak ditemukan pada ibu yang berpengetahuan cukup dan kurang sebanyak 3 orang (42,9%). Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari tingkat pengetahuan yang dimiliki, ibu cenderung memilih tempat persalinan faskes. Berdasarkan uji statistic mengguanakan chi-square, didapatkan hasil p value 0,034 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang tanda-tanda bahaya persalinan dengan pemilihan tempat persalinan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang tanda-tanda bahaya persalinan dengan pemilihan tempat persalinan.
Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Wacana Pelepasan Nyamuk Wolbachia Dalam Pengendalian Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD)
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Setiawan Johandri , Pujiningsih Erniawati , Irianto Irni Dwi Astiti
Published: February 2025

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit infeksi oleh virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Bakteri Wolbachia adalah inovasi yang dapat melumpuhkan virus dengue dalam tubuh nyamuk aedes aegypti penyebab Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), sehingga virus dengue tidak akan menular ke dalam tubuh manusia, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan masyarakat tentang wacana pelepasan nyamuk wolbhacia dalam pengedalian kasus demam berdarah dengue. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 96 orang Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan 20 pernyataan tertutup. Tekhnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekhnik Purposive sampling.
hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang wacana pelepasan nyamuk wolbachia dalam pengedalian kasus demam berdarah dengue berada dalam kategori cukup yakni 40 responden (41,7%), kurang yakni 29 responden (30,2%),baik yakni 27 responden (28,1%).
Diharapkan Masyarakat berperan aktif mencari sumber informasi mengenai nyamuk Wolbachia dari sumber yang relevan untuk menghindari informasi yang tidak bisa dipertanggung jawabkan dan perlunya upaya meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai nyamuk Wolbachia sehinga masyarakat siap dan mengetahui seberapa penting inovasi ini dapat mengendalikan kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue.
O PAPEL DAS DISCIPLINAS “PRÁTICA DE ENSINO” NA FORMAÇÃO DO ACADÊMICO EM QUÍMICA DA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL VALE DO ACARAÚ
Authors: Oliveira Jean de Sousa , Mendonça Glaydson Leandro Farias , Silva Junior João Batista Araujo da , Mota Lauro Araujo , Mota Ana Paula Araújo , Silva Dráulio Sales da , Nunes Rodolfo de Melo
Published: February 2025

Apesar de cursarem disciplinas de Prática de Ensino (PE), muitos licenciandos em Química demonstram dificuldades didáticas, enquanto outros, sem formação pedagógica formal, desenvolvem processos de ensino-aprendizagem eficazes. Este estudo investigou a relevância das disciplinas Prática de Ensino V e VI na formação de acadêmicos do curso de Química da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA), analisando como contribuem para a preparação profissional. Participaram 23 estudantes que já haviam cursado as disciplinas, as quais enfatizam metodologias como TDIC (Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação), abordagem CTSA (Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente), atividades lúdicas e elaboração de planos de aula. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e empírica, revelou que as disciplinas ampliam a capacidade dos licenciandos em articular teorias pedagógicas com a prática, incentivando a reflexão crítica sobre o ensino. Embora parte dos participantes ainda não atue na área, a maioria destacou que os componentes curriculares fortalecem a preparação de aulas inovadoras e a adaptação a contextos educacionais diversos. Conclui-se que as PE não apenas enriquecem o currículo, mas também estimulam a criatividade e a autonomia docente, superando modelos tradicionais. Contudo, o estudo sugere que a eficácia pedagógica também depende de fatores além da formação formal, como habilidades intrínsecas e experiências extracurriculares.
Hunting for gravity waves in non-orographic winter storms using 3+ years of regional surface air pressure network and radar observations
Authors: Allen Luke R. , Yuter Sandra E. , Miller Matthew A. , Tomkins Laura M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves (i.e., buoyancy waves) can occur within stable layers when vertical oscillations are triggered by localized heating, flow over terrain, or imbalances in upper-level flow. Case studies of winter storms have associated gravity waves with heavier surface snowfall accumulations, but the representativeness of those findings for settings without orographic precipitation has not been previously addressed. We deployed networks of high-precision pressure sensors from January 2020 to April 2023 in and around Toronto, ON, Canada, and New York, NY, USA, two regions without strong topographic forcing. Pressure wave events were identified when at least four sensors in a network detected propagating pressure waves with wave periods ≤67 min, wavelengths ≤170 km, and amplitudes ≥0.45 hPa. Reanalysis model output and operational weather observations provided environmental context for each gravity wave event. We detected 33 pressure wave events across 40 months of data; of these events, 23 were gravity waves, whereas the rest were frontal passages, outflow boundary passages, or a wake low. We found a strong linear relationship between amplitude and event duration for the 23 atmospheric gravity wave events. Gravity wave events are rare in non-orographic snow storms in our study region. Of the 594 h with ≥0.1 mm h−1 (liquid equivalent) of snow sampled, only 19 h was during a gravity wave event. When gravity waves and enhanced reflectivity bands within snow co-occurred, the bands did not move in a direction or at a velocity consistent with the pressure waves. In agreement with previous work, most of our gravity wave events are associated with strong upper-level flow imbalances to the south or west of their location.
Global decadal measurements of methanol, ethene, ethyne, and HCN from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder
Authors: Wells Kelley C. , Millet Dylan B. , Brewer Jared F. , Payne Vivienne H. , Cady-Pereira Karen E. , Pernak Rick , Kulawik Susan , Vigouroux Corinne , Jones Nicholas , Mahieu Emmanuel , Makarova Maria , Nagahama Tomoo , Ortega Ivan , Palm Mathias , Strong Kimberly , Schneider Matthias , Smale Dan , Sussmann Ralf , Zhou Minqiang
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in modulating the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity and affect tropospheric ozone, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and organic aerosol formation. Space-based observations can provide powerful global information to advance our knowledge of these processes and their changes over time. We present here the development of new retrievals for four key VOCs (methanol, ethene, ethyne, and HCN) based on thermal infrared radiance observations from the satellite-borne Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). We update the Retrieval of Organics from CrIS Radiances (ROCR) algorithm developed previously for isoprene to explicitly account for the spectral signal dependence on the VOC vertical profile shape, and we apply this updated retrieval (ROCRv2) to derive column abundances for the targeted species across the full Suomi NPP CrIS record (2012–2023). The CrIS data are well correlated with ground-based Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) retrievals for methanol (r = 0.77–0.84); HCN and ethyne exhibit lower correlations (r = 0.36–0.44 and 0.56–0.65, respectively) with an apparent 40 % CrIS–NDACC disparity for ethyne. The results reveal robust global distributions of the target VOCs from known biogenic, biomass burning, and industrial source regions, and they demonstrate the impact of anomalous events such as the 2015–2016 El Niño. They also highlight the importance of accurate vertical profile constraints when evaluating and interpreting thermal infrared data records. Initial comparisons of the CrIS observations to predicted VOC distributions from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model point to large uncertainties in our current understanding of the atmospheric ethene budget as well as to underestimated HCN, ethyne, and methanol sources.
High biodegradability of water-soluble organic carbon in soils at the southern margin of the boreal forest
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Liu Chao , Liu Rui , Wang Hanxi , Wu Xiangwen , Zhang Zihao , Zang Shuying , Wu Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is an important component of the organic carbon pool in boreal ecosystems. However, the biodegradability of WSOC across various soil depths in boreal ecosystems remains unclear. Here, based on spectroscopic techniques, we conducted a 28-day laboratory incubation to analyze the molecular composition, biodegradability, and compositional changes of WSOC at different soil depths in a southern region of the boreal forest. The results showed that in the upper 2 m soils, the average content of biodegradable WSOC was 0.228 g/kg with an average proportion of 86.41 % in the total WSOC. In the deep soils below 2 m, the average content of biodegradable WSOC content was 0.144 g/kg, comprising 80.79 % of the total WSOC. Spectroscopic analysis indicates that the WSOC in the upper soils is primarily composed of highly aromatic humic acid-like matter with larger molecular weights than those in deep soils. Both the aromaticity and molecular weight decrease with depth, and the WSOC is mainly composed of fulvic acid-like matter in the deep soils, suggesting high biodegradability of WSOC in the deep soils. Overall, our results suggest that the water-soluble organic carbon in the boreal forests exhibits high biodegradability both in the shallow layer and deep soils.
Edisto Inlet as a sentinel for the Late Holocene environmental changes over the Ross Sea: insights from foraminifera turnover events
Authors: Galli Giacomo , Hansen Katrine Elnegaard , Morigi Caterina , di Roberto Alessio , Giglio Federico , Giordano Patrizia , Gariboldi Karen
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Identifying key environmental changes is important to understand the processes that govern the Earth’s climate system and all its interacting components. Micropaleontological proxies are one of the most used proxies, being able to connect abundances of species to changes in the physiochemical characteristics of the environment. In this context, foraminifera have been extensively used due to their preservation potential. However, little attention has been paid to the properties of the whole foraminiferal community that, in turn, can be used to depict a comprehensive view of the environment. In this study we focused on the laminated marine sediment core TR17-08 collected in the Edisto Inlet (Ross Sea, Antarctica), and the turnover events that characterized the foraminiferal fauna over the last 3.6 kyrs BP. Using the Rate-of-Change analysis, three turnover events with long term effects on the fauna were recognised at 2.7–2.5 kyrs BP, at 1.2–1.0 kyrs BP and at 0.7 kyrs BP. Through the analysis of the most common benthic foraminiferal species, it was possible to connect them to specific changes in the environment. In addition, by comparing the TR17-08 records with other proxies from nearby cores we identify a switch from a multi-year landfast ice (3.5–2.7 kyrs BP) to a seasonal sea-ice dominated environment (2.5–1.5 kyrs BP). Other Victoria Land Coast sites reported this change in the sea-ice type over the Late Holocene, suggesting that the increase in the seasonal sea-ice environment is connected to entrance of mCDW. Our study also suggests an increase in the presence of mCDW in the fjord after 2.7–2.5 kyrs BP. Lastly, the presence of expanded laminated sequence at the bottom of the Inlet makes this site an exceptional record for studying the evolution of the Late Holocene environmental conditions over the Ross Sea.
Improving the computation efficiency of a source-oriented chemical mechanism for the simultaneous source apportionment of ozone and secondary particulate pollutants
Authors: Xu Qixiang , Su Fangcheng , Wang Ke , Zhang Ruiqin , Ying Qi , Kleeman Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Source-oriented chemical mechanisms enable direct source apportionment of air pollutants by explicitly representing precursor emissions and their reaction products in atmospheric models. These mechanisms use source-tagged species to track emissions and their evolution. However, scalability was previously limited by the large number of reactions required for interactions between two tagged species, such as the NOx-NOx or VOC-NOx reactions. This study improves computational efficiency and scalability with a new method  tracks the total concentration of tagged species, reducing the n² second-order reactions for n sources into 2n pseudo first-order reactions. The overall production and removal rate of individual species remain unchanged in the new approach. The number of reactions and number of model species increase linearly with the number of source types, thus greatly improved the computation efficiency. In addition, a source-oriented Euler Backward Iterative (EBI) solver was implemented to replace the Gear solver used in previous applications of the source-oriented mechanism. The source-oriented EBI solver has been assessed by comparing predicted results with the Gear solver. Good agreement between those two methods has been achieved, as the results from the EBI scheme are linearly correlated to Gear and average of absolute relative error is below 5 %. In the timing assessment, the proposed EBI scheme can effectively reduce the total chemistry time by 73 % to 90 % for grids with different resolutions, which leads to the reduction of total simulation time by 46 % to 74 %. The proposed source-oriented scheme is efficient enough for practical long-term source apportionment applications on nested domains.
The HTAP_v3.1 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2020) to support air quality modelling and policies
Authors: Guizzardi Diego , Crippa Monica , Butler Tim , Keating Terry , Wu Rosa , Kamiński Jacek W. , Kuenen Jeroen , Kurokawa Junichi , Chatani Satoru , Morikawa Tazuko , Pouliot George , Racine Jacinthe , Moran Michael D. , Klimont Zbigniew , Manseau Patrick M. , Mashayekhi Rabab , Henderson Barron H. , Smith Steven J. , Hoesly Rachel , Muntean Marilena , Banja Manjola , Schaaf Edwin , Pagani Federico , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Jinseok , Pisoni Enrico , Zhang Junhua , Niemi David , Sassi Mourad , Duhamel Annie , Ansari Tabish , Foley Kristen , Geng Guannan , Chen Yifei , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study, performed under the umbrella of the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF-HTAP), responds to the need of the global and regional atmospheric modelling community of having a mosaic emission inventory of air pollutants that conforms to specific requirements: global coverage, long time series, spatially distributed emissions with high time resolution, and a high sectoral resolution. The mosaic approach of integrating official regional emission inventories based on locally reported data, with a global inventory based on a globally consistent methodology, allows modellers to perform simulations of a high scientific quality while also ensuring that the results remain relevant to policymakers. HTAP_v3.1, an ad-hoc global mosaic of anthropogenic inventories, is an update to the HTAP_v3 global mosaic inventory and has been developed by integrating official inventories over specific areas (North America, Europe, Asia including China, Japan and Korea) with the independent Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory for the remaining world regions. The results are spatially and temporally distributed emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3, PM10, PM2.5, Black Carbon (BC), and Organic Carbon (OC), with a spatial resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degree and time intervals of months and years covering the period 2000–2020 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14499440, https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_htap_v31). The emissions are further disaggregated to 16 anthropogenic emitting sectors. This paper describes the methodology applied to develop such an emission mosaic, reports on source allocation, differences among existing inventories, and best practices for the mosaic compilation. One of the key strengths of the HTAP_v3.1 emission mosaic is its temporal coverage, enabling the analysis of emission trends over the past two decades. The development of a global emission mosaic over such long time series represents a unique product for global air quality modelling and for better-informed policy making, reflecting the community effort expended by the TF-HTAP to disentangle the complexity of transboundary transport of air pollution.
Assessing national exposure to and impact of glacial lake outburst floods considering uncertainty under data sparsity
Authors: Chen Huili , Liang Qiuhua , Zhao Jiaheng , Maharjan Sudan Bikash
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are widely recognised as one of the most devastating natural hazards in the Himalayas, with catastrophic consequences, including substantial loss of life. To effectively mitigate these risks and enhance regional resilience, it is imperative to conduct an objective and holistic assessment of GLOF hazards and their potential impacts over a large spatial scale. However, this is challenged by the limited availability of data and the inaccessibility to most of the glacial lakes in high-altitude areas. The data challenge is exacerbated when dealing with multiple lakes across an expansive spatial area. This study aims to exploit remote sensing techniques, well-established Bayesian regression models for estimating glacial lake conditions, cutting-edge flood modelling technology, and open data from various sources to innovate a framework for assessing the national exposure and impact of GLOFs. In the innovative framework, multi-temporal imagery is utilised with a random forest model to extract glacial lake water surfaces. Bayesian models are employed to estimate a plausible range of glacial lake water volumes and the associated GLOF peak discharges while accounting for the uncertainty stemming from the limited sizes of the available data and outliers within the data. A significant number of GLOF scenarios is subsequently generated based on this estimated plausible range of peak discharges. A graphics processing unit (GPU)-based hydrodynamic model is then adopted to simulate the resulting flood hydrodynamics in different GLOF scenarios. Necessary socio-economic information is collected and processed from multiple sources, including OpenStreetMap, Google Earth, local archives, and global data products, to support exposure analysis. Established depth–damage curves are used to assess the GLOF damage extents for different exposures. The evaluation framework is applied to 21 glacial lakes identified as potentially dangerous in the Nepalese Himalayas. The results indicate that, in the scenario of a complete breach of dam height across 21 lakes, Tsho Rolpa Lake, Thulagi Lake, and Lower Barun Lake bear the most serious impacts of GLOFs on buildings, roads, and agricultural areas, while Thulagi Lake could influence existing hydropower facilities. One unnamed lake in the Trishuli River basin, two unnamed lakes in the Tamor River basin, and three unnamed lakes in the Dudh River basin have the potential to impact more than 200 buildings. Moreover, the unnamed lake in the Trishuli River basin has the potential to inundate existing hydropower facilities.
Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of active wake mixing dynamics in a stable atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Yalla Gopal R. , Brown Kenneth , Cheung Lawrence , Houck Dan , deVelder Nathaniel , Hamilton Nicholas
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Recent advancements in the use of active wake mixing (AWM) to reduce wake effects on downstream turbines open new avenues for increasing power generation in wind farms. However, a better understanding of the fluid dynamics underlying AWM is still needed to make wake mixing a reliable strategy for wind farm flow control. In this work, a spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) is used to analyze the dynamics of coherent flow structures that are induced in the wake through blade pitch actuation. The data are generated using the Exawind software suite to perform a large eddy simulation of an AWAKEN 2.8 MW turbine operating in a stable atmospheric boundary layer. SPOD tracks the modal behavior of flow structures from their generation in the turbine induction field, through their growth in the near wake region, and to their subsequent evolution and energy transfers in the far wake. SPOD is shown to be a useful tool in the context of AWM because it translates the wavenumber and frequency inputs to the turbine controller to structures in the wake. A decomposition of the radial shear stress flux in the wake is also developed using SPOD to measure the contribution of coherent flow structures to mean flow turbulent entrainment and wake recovery. The effectiveness of AWM is connected to its ability to excite inherent structures in the wake of the turbine that arise using baseline controls. The effects of AWM on blade loading are also analyzed by connecting the axial force along the blade to the SPOD analysis of the turbine induction field. Lastly, the performance of different AWM strategies is demonstrated in a two-turbine array.
Nothing New Under the Sun
Authors: Werse Nicholas , Smith Joshua
Published: February 2025

In this article, the authors explore the concerns surrounding academic dishonesty related to generative artificial intelligence (GAI). The authors argue that while there are valid worries about students using GAI in ways the displace student work, these anxieties are not new and have been observed with previous disruptive technologies such as the Internet. By recontextualizing this anxiety within a broader historical perspective, educators can develop strategies to mitigate academic dishonesty while leveraging the benefits of GAI integration in education. Drawing upon lessons learned from addressing plagiarism caused by paper mill usage, the authors suggest incorporating multimodal assessments as an effective strategy for ensuring authentic representation of student learning outcomes at all levels of academia but particularly at doctoral level dissertations where oral defenses play a crucial role in evaluating expertise.
Грамотность и чтение через призму национальной библиотеки Болгарии
Authors: Rasheva Iveta
Published: February 2025

The Bulgarian language was declared official in 893 at the Preslav Council in the presence of Prince Boris-Michael the Baptist and Prince Simeon. If we take this date as a starting point, today it is 1131 years old. The National Library of Bulgaria is named after the creators of the Glagolitic alphabet, Saints Cyril and Methodius. For more than a thousand years, countless pages of biographies, laudatory stories, novels, short stories, poems, verses, dramas, songs, fairy tales, legends, etc. have been written in our language: in all European currents, in all literary genres. It has extolled and will continue to extol the Bulgarian language. In order to study and use it correctly and competently throughout life, the NBKM periodically holds events to help society. It has been the custodian of language, reading and literacy for more than a century and is a modern apostle of knowledge. The report will examine some of these events as examples.
Сохранение книжно-документального наследия в национальной библиотеке имени святых Кирилла и Мефодия
Authors: Aleksandrova Krasimira
Published: February 2025

Cultural heritage is an invaluable asset to society, playing a vital role in the spiritual survival of a nation and the promotion of sustainable development. This publication examines effective practices for preserving cultural heritage at the National Library of Bulgaria “St.St. Cyril and Methodius”. Special focus is given to the library’s “Adopt a Book” programme and the phototype publications it has released in recent years.
Decoraciones pictóricas en la cripta de la basílica de San Filóxeno de Oxirrinco (Egipto)
Authors: Burgaya Martínez Bernat
Published: February 2025

En el yacimiento de Oxirrinco, ciudad ampliamente conocida por su importancia en época bizantina (siglo IV-VII n.e.), se encontró, durante la campaña de excavación del 2009, la basílica de San Filóxeno. Los trabajos de excavación y conservación realizados de manera simultánea en dicha cripta permitieron la salvaguarda de sus enlucidos, donde, desde su inicio, ya se pudo observar la riqueza y diversidad de sus decoraciones. Así pues, a lo largo y ancho de sus paredes, se descubrieron numerosos enlucidos con decoraciones pictóricas de gran relevancia. El estudio de estas pinturas se ha realizado mediante un análisis exhaustivo de la disposición estratigráfica y el análisis iconográfico de cada una de sus capas. Pudimos identificar en algunos puntos hasta cinco enlucidos superpuestos con decoraciones bien diferentes. A través del estudio iconográfico y su disposición podemos entender la evolución del espacio dentro del conjunto basilical, así como aproximarnos a la evolución del cristianismo en Oxirrinco en particular y en Egipto en general durante estos siglos.
Late Onset Hypocalcemia and Hypovitaminosis D in Neonates from Maternal Hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Karmendra Poby , Rini Eka Agustia
Published: February 2025

Hypocalcemia, characterized by low blood calcium levels, poses serious risks, particularly for neonates and pregnant women. Maternal calcium and vitamin D deficiencies during pregnancy can hinder fetal skeletal development and increase neonatal hypocalcemia risk, especially in premature infants or those born to diabetic mothers. Studies highlight a high prevalence of neonatal hypocalcemia linked to inadequate maternal supplementation, underscoring the importance of calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy. Understanding maternal and neonatal calcium-vitamin D balance is essential for developing preventive strategies to ensure healthy neonatal growth. This case report explores recurrent hypocalcemia and hypovitaminosis D in neonates born to vitamin D-deficient mothers. A 1 month-old boy with hypovitaminosis D and a history of recurrent hypocalcemia since one week of age. The patient had repeated seizures at the age of 6 days without fever and hypoglycemia, the overall physical examination was within normal, the results of the lumbar puncture were within normal limits. Laboratory examinations at that time showed low of serum calcium, urinary calcium, calcium ion and vitamin D levels, while magnesium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were within normal limits. The patient was given vitamin D therapy, calcium lactate, and intravena calcium correction was performed. The case highlights maternal vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and hyperglycemia during pregnancy as contributing factors. Adequate prenatal care, nutritional support, and vitamin D supplementation for mothers are critical to preventing neonatal complications. Family education and multidisciplinary care are essential for managing hypocalcemia and ensuring long-term health outcomes.

Keywords: Seizures; hypocalcemia; hypovitaminosis D; neonates; maternal