bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for Balancing Two-Sided Assembly Lines with Zoning Constraints
Authors: Yin Qidong , Luo Xiaochuan , Hohenstein Julien
Published: December 2021

Two-sided assembly lines are widely used in the large-size product manufacturing industry, especially for automotive assembly production. Balancing the assembly line is significant for assembly process planning and assembly production. In this study, we develop a novel and exact method to optimize the two-sided assembly line balancing problem with zoning constraints (TALBz), in which the aim is to minimize the number of mated-stations considering the task restrictions. A mixed-integer programming model is employed to exactly describe the TALBz problem. To strengthen the computational efficiency, we apply Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition to reformulate the TALBz problem. We further propose a branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm that integrates the column generation approach into a branch-and-bound frame. Both the benchmark datasets with zoning constraints and without zoning constraints are tested to evaluate the performance of the B&P algorithm. The numerical results show that our proposed approach can obtain optimal solutions efficiently on most cases. In addition, experiments on the real-world datasets originating from passenger vehicle assembly lines are conducted. The proposed B&P algorithm shows its advantage in tackling practical problems with the task restrictions. This developed methodology therefore provides insight for solving large-scale TALBz problems in practice.
LINC00467, Driven by Copy Number Amplification and DNA Demethylation, Is Associated with Oxidative Lipid Metabolism and Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bo Hao , Zhang Wancong , Zhong Xiaoping , Chen Jiasheng , Liu Yang , Cheong Kit-Leong , Fan Pengju , Tang Shijie
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer (BRCA) is a malignant tumor with a high incidence and poor prognosis in females. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, based on bioinformatic analysis, we found that LINC00467 was highly expressed in BRCA and was associated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. The genomic and epigenetic analysis showed that LINC00467 may also be regulated by copy number amplification (CNA), chromatin openness, and DNA methylation. In vitro experiments showed that it could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BRCA cells. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) suggested that LINC00467 may play a role in signaling pathways of peroxisomal lipid metabolism, immunity, and others through microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2). In addition, copy number amplification and high expression of LINC00467 were associated with the low infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we found that LINC00467, driven by copy number amplification and DNA demethylation, may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of BRCA and a tumor promoter acting as a potential therapeutic target for BRCA as well.
Numerical Study to Assess the Structural Behavior of the Bajrakli Mosque (Western Kosovo)
Authors: Bilgin Huseyin , Ramadani Faton
Published: December 2021

Cultural heritage is one of most significant concerns in modern societies carrying different social and historical values. Among the stock of cultural heritage, historical monuments are one of the greatest contributors to the values in many aspects. Due to several factors, such structures have gone through changes causing structural deficiencies. The aim of this study is to provide a clear insight of the cause and impacts of structural deficiencies through visual inspections and computational methods. As a representative model, Bajrakli Mosque located in western of Kosovo is selected as a case study. During visual inspections, some cracks are found along the structural elements of the mosque. A possible cause of the structural cracks may be the stress concentration through the regions of the structure. In order to provide a better understanding, two different loadings are considered to examine the structural behavior of the mosque. The first loading covers the analysis due to gravity loads, whereas the second one defines the dynamic loading due to ground shakings defined by the earthquake spectrum using finite element analysis in SAP2000. By means of these analyses, the performance of the building is examined. As a result, important data are obtained for identifying the critical regions of the structure. The maximum displacement of the structure is found to be 7.1 mm and 8.0 mm in combination of self‐weight and earthquake load in X and Y direction, respectively. Moreover, the regions showing highest values of stress concentration are found through the small domes, through the openings of main dome and connections with arches, and around the openings of the walls.
Mind Map Construction for English Grammar Teaching Based on Knowledge Map
Authors: Fu Qijun , Kuang Shouzhong
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the frontier issues of the English language teaching method in China is of great guidance for English language teaching. Based on the ontology model of English teaching domain, the knowledge map of English teaching in colleges and universities is constructed by fusing heterogeneous English subject data from multiple sources. Firstly, we obtain domain knowledge from relevant websites and existing documents through web crawlers and other techniques and clean the data based on BERT model; then, we use Word2Vec to judge the similarity between the research directions of characters and solve the entity alignment problem; based on the scientific knowledge map theory, we count the frequency of keywords in each year and analyze them to describe the association and union between keywords. It can explain the current situation and trend, rise and fall, disciplinary growth points, and breakthroughs of ELT. Through keyword analysis, the hot issues mainly revolve around ELT, English teaching, college English, grammar-translation method, curriculum reform, and so forth, to realize the quick query and resource statistics of ELT basic data, in order to promote the subsequent English discipline assessment work to be completed more efficiently.
The Effect of Banana Fiber and Banana Peel Fiber on the Chemical and Rheological Properties of Symbiotic Yogurt Made from Camel Milk
Authors: Safdari Younes , Vazifedoost Mohsen , Didar Zohreh , Hajirostamloo Bahareh
Published: December 2021

Functional foods play an important role in human health by prevention of disease. A variety of functional foods are produced around the world. Recently, the consumption of dairy products containing probiotic bacteria and prebiotics (synbiotic) has increased. Yoghurt is the most common fermented dairy product. Various compounds are used to enrich yoghurt. One of these compounds is dietary fiber. Since the peel of fruits has a significant amount of fiber and is mainly disposed of as solid waste, so using the peel of fruits to extract fiber can not only solve environmental problems but also produce a cheap and useful source that leads to the production of dietary fiber. In this study, the effect of banana fiber and banana peel fiber at different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.5, and 1%) on the chemical and rheological properties of synbiotic yogurt prepared from camel milk was investigated. The result showed that with increase of the amount of both fibers, pH, hydration, surface tension, overall acceptability, color, and flavor of the samples decreased significantly, but the viscosity, survival of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus gasseri), and texture acceptance increased significantly (

p
<
0.05

). In conclusion, these fibers were able to reduce the syneresis of yogurt, which is one of the biggest disadvantages of yogurt, and help to increase health.
miR-590-3 and SP1 Promote Neuronal Apoptosis in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease via AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cao Yanqun , Tan Xiangxiang , Lu Quzhe , Huang Kai , Tang Xiaoer , He Zhiming
Published: December 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological degenerative illness with a hidden onset. Its pathogenesis is complicated, although with molecular biology research on cancer and targeted research on pathogenic mechanisms, good progress has not yet been made. Therefore, this work built a multifactor-driven neuronal apoptosis dysfunction module for the purpose of probing its underlying pathogenic mechanisms. We performed differential expression analysis, coexpression analysis, enrichment analysis, and hypergeometric tests to calculate the underlying regulatory effects of multifactors on the modules by the way of the whole gene expression profile of AD and identify a series of ncRNA (miR-320a) and TF (NFKB1). Additionally, we screened 10 modules corresponding to the Hub gene, which tend to regulate the physiological progress of inflammation, regulation of autophagy, cerebral cortex neuron differentiation, glial cell apoptotic, and so on. Meanwhile, Alzheimer’s disease is triggered by signaling pathways such as the MPK signaling pathway. In this study, a dysfunction module is utilized to verify that miR-590-3 and SP1 motility factors can regulate neurons in Alzheimer’s disease through the MPK signaling pathway, not only providing new insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease but also laying a solid theoretical foundation for the biologists to further cure Alzheimer’s disease.
Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm Based on Iterative Local Search
Authors: Yan Shaoqiang , Yang Ping , Zhu Donglin , Zheng Wanli , Wu Fengxuan
Published: December 2021

This paper solves the shortcomings of sparrow search algorithm in poor utilization to the current individual and lack of effective search, improves its search performance, achieves good results on 23 basic benchmark functions and CEC 2017, and effectively improves the problem that the algorithm falls into local optimal solution and has low search accuracy. This paper proposes an improved sparrow search algorithm based on iterative local search (ISSA). In the global search phase of the followers, the variable helix factor is introduced, which makes full use of the individual’s opposite solution about the origin, reduces the number of individuals beyond the boundary, and ensures the algorithm has a detailed and flexible search ability. In the local search phase of the followers, an improved iterative local search strategy is adopted to increase the search accuracy and prevent the omission of the optimal solution. By adding the dimension by dimension lens learning strategy to scouters, the search range is more flexible and helps jump out of the local optimal solution by changing the focusing ability of the lens and the dynamic boundary of each dimension. Finally, the boundary control is improved to effectively utilize the individuals beyond the boundary while retaining the randomness of the individuals. The ISSA is compared with PSO, SCA, GWO, WOA, MWOA, SSA, BSSA, CSSA, and LSSA on 23 basic functions to verify the optimization performance of the algorithm. In addition, in order to further verify the optimization performance of the algorithm when the optimal solution is not 0, the above algorithms are compared in CEC 2017 test function. The simulation results show that the ISSA has good universality. Finally, this paper applies ISSA to PID parameter tuning and robot path planning, and the results show that the algorithm has good practicability and effect.
VDB Entropy Measures and Irregularity-Based Indices for the Rectangular Kekulene System
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Julietraja K. , Venugopal P. , Zhang Xiujun
Published: December 2021

Theoretical chemists are fascinated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because of their unique electromagnetic and other significant properties, such as superaromaticity. The study of PAHs has been steadily increasing because of their wide-ranging applications in several fields, like steel manufacturing, shale oil extraction, coal gasification, production of coke, tar distillation, and nanosciences. Topological indices (TIs) are numerical quantities that give a mathematical expression for the chemical structures. They are useful and cost-effective tools for predicting the properties of chemical compounds theoretically. Entropic network measures are a type of TIs with a broad array of applications, involving quantitative characterization of molecular structures and the investigation of some specific chemical properties of molecular graphs. Irregularity indices are numerical parameters that quantify the irregularity of a molecular graph and are used to predict some of the chemical properties, including boiling points, resistance, enthalpy of vaporization, entropy, melting points, and toxicity. This study aims to determine analytical expressions for the VDB entropy and irregularity-based indices in the rectangular Kekulene system.
Considering the Sales Method and Logistics Service Strategy, Which Operating Mode Is the Best under Different Power Structures?
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Jia Wei
Published: December 2021

When merchants enter hybrid e-commerce platforms (such as JD.com and Amazon), they will face issues such as which sales methods to choose and whether to use platform logistics under different power structures. Different sales methods and logistics service strategies have resulted in three operating modes: (a) resale mode, marked as A, (b) agency + no-platform logistics, marked as B, and (c) agency + platform logistics, marked as C. This paper constructs an analysis framework composed of an e-commerce platform and a merchant to explore the optimal operating mode. The game models of the three modes are first constructed, and then, the equilibrium results are compared and analysed. Based on the results of comparative analysis and considering the dynamic game between the e-commerce platform and the merchant regarding sales methods and logistics service strategies, the optimal operating mode is determined. The results show that when the platform has absolute power, mode C is optimal for it. When the logistics service sensitivity coefficient and market size are both large, the best for the merchant with absolute power is mode B. In addition, if neither of them has absolute power, only when the merchant first decides the logistics service strategy, then the platform decides the sales method; the best for both parties is mode B; otherwise, the best is mode A. This research has generated new insights and has practical management significance, which can provide guidance for merchant and platform decision-making.
Acupuncture for Quality of Life of Patients with Defecation Dysfunction after Sphincter Preserving Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Guixing , Lei Hanzhou , Zhou Yuanfang , Huang Liuyang , Tian Hao , Zhou Zhuo , Zhao Ling , Liang Fanrong
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for quality of life of patients with defecation dysfunction (DD) after sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer. Methods. We searched nine online databases from inception to July 1, 2021, and did not restrict the type of language. Then, studies were independently selected by two research team members with screening criteria and risk bias assessment, and the data were extracted. The primary outcome was Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 29 (QLQ-CR29). The data were then synthesized using the RevMan V.5.2 by random-effects model. Also, we used the standardized mean differences with 95% credible interval (CI) to describe the outcome of the analysis. Results. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (with 439 patients) were included in the systematic review, and data from 2 RCTs (with 200 patients) were used in the meta-analysis. Five studies (83%) were judged to have a medium risk of bias, and one was at high risk of bias. For synthesis, data from two medium-risk studies found that acupuncture or electropuncture may improve the QLQ-CR29 with urination (mean difference, −0.39 points; 95%CI, −0.46 to −0.32; I2 = 34%), abdominal pain (mean difference, −0.71 points; 95%CI, −0.89 to −0.54; I2 = 9%), stool (mean difference, −0.49 points; 95%CI, −0.77 to −0.20; I2 = 57%), defecation (mean difference, −0.59 points; 95% CI, −0.85 to −0.33; I2 = 51%), sexual function (mean difference, 0.93 points; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.38; I2 = 90%), and self-feelings (mean difference, 1.04 points; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.73; I2 = 94%). Conclusion. Findings in this study indicate that acupuncture or electropuncture may be effective and safe for DD, but the quality of included studies was very low. So, more large-scale, multicenter, long-term, and high-quality original research is still expected in the future.
Optimized Economic Loading of Distribution Transformers Using Minimum Energy Loss Computing
Authors: Agha Ayman , Attar Hani , Luhach Ashish Kr.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an approach to achieve the Economic Loading of Distribution Transformer (ELDT) based on minimizing the active energy loss. The effects of the transformer on-load and no-load losses, load factor (LF), and load loss factor (LSF) on the total energy losses are considered. The adopted technique in this paper consists of two phases, where ELDT is determined analytically in the first phase, and the load profile adequated (LSF) is statistically obtained in the second one. The results declare that the proposed technique is suitable for the shifts system mode of operation such as in industrial plants. Moreover, this paper investigates the effect of the total active and reactive power and energy losses on ELDT. Finally, numerical examples with software analyses are performed as a valuable tool, which supports the decision-makers to decide trustfully the size of the transformer and its capacity (kVA) during the design stage, as well as to determine the economic loading during the operation based on the effective factors, that is, total power, energy losses, and the load profile.
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Fruit Extracts Attenuated Colitis in 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Rats
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Chao , Wu Zhigui , Pei Jianguo , Chen Yao , Huang Xiao , Gao Sha , Kan Rui , Zhang Wenna , Xie Saisai , Fu Xiaomei
Published: December 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing inflammatory disease with an unknown precise etiology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit extracts (GFE) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. GFE (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 7 days after induction. Meanwhile, the chemical components of GFE were performed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. GFE significantly decreased DAI scores and ameliorated macroscopic and histologic damage. It also reduced the levels of MPO, NO, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, while increasing the level of SOD. Moreover, 56 components were identified in GFE using a UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method, which can be categorized into six structural groups. Our results indicated that GFE has an ameliorative effect on TNBS-induced colitis in rats, which may further verify its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Therefore, GFE can be a promising protective agent of colitis that deserves further investigation.
Can Improved Use of Biomarkers Alter the Fate of PI3K Pathway Inhibitors in the Clinic?
Authors: Erickson Emily C. , Toker Alex
Published: December 2021

The high frequency of PI3K pathway alterations in cancer has motivated numerous efforts to develop drugs targeting this network. Although many potent and selective inhibitors have been developed and evaluated in preclinical models, their progress to clinical approval has been limited. Here we discuss the pressing need to develop improved biomarker strategies to guide patient selection and improve assessment of patient responses to PI3K pathway inhibitors to address unresolved issues surrounding the efficacy and tolerability of these compounds in patients with cancer.
Macrophage-Targeting by CSF1/1R Blockade in Pancreatic Cancers
Authors: Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2021

Published in Cancer Research in 2014, Zhu and colleagues achieved a mechanistic leap in our understanding of cancer-associated macrophage biology with their proof-of-concept study showing that macrophage-specific targeting, via blocking colony-stimulating factor–1 (CSF1) signaling through its cognate receptor CSF1R, synergized with checkpoint immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Here, we reflect on the critical set of observations presented in this study and how the study's findings fueled the subsequent efforts to translate CSF1/1R-specific and other tumor-associated macrophage modulating therapies into the clinic.

See related article by Zhu and colleagues, Cancer Res 2014;74:5057–5069.
How Compensatory Mechanisms and Adaptive Rewiring Have Shaped Our Understanding of Therapeutic Resistance in Cancer
Authors: Bergholz Johann S. , Zhao Jean J.
Published: December 2021

Therapeutic resistance to targeted therapies by tumor cells is a common and serious problem in the clinic. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underly resistance is necessary for the rational design and improvement of effective pharmacologic treatment strategies. The landmark study by O'Reilly and colleagues published in Cancer Research in 2006 provided valuable insights into nongenomic adaptive rewiring and compensatory mechanisms responsible for mediating resistance to targeted inhibition of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway, and how tumor cells regulate signaling pathways via negative feedback loops. These findings have proven fundamental for guiding current efforts to develop effective combination treatments and provided a blueprint for research studies aimed at understanding the intricacies of cellular signaling.

See related article by O'Reilly and colleagues, Cancer Res 2006;66:1500–8
Uncovering Tumorigenesis Circuitry with Combinatorial CRISPR
Authors: Fong Samson H. , Munson Brenton P. , Ideker Trey
Published: December 2021

Oncogenesis relies on the alteration of multiple driver genes, but precisely which groups of alterations lead to cancer is not well understood. To chart these combinations, Zhao and colleagues use the CRISPR-Cas9 system to knockout all pairwise combinations among 52 tumor suppressor genes, with the goal of identifying groups of alterations that collaborate to promote cell growth. Interaction screens are performed across multiple models of tumorigenesis in cell cultures and mice, revealing clear cooperation among NF2, PTEN, and TP53 in multiple models. These and other strongly synergistic interactions are characterized further by single-cell transcriptomic profiling. This methodology presents a scalable approach to move beyond single-gene drivers to map the complex gene networks that give rise to tumorigenesis.

See related article by Zhao et al., p. 6090
Clinical Implications of Chromosome 16 Copy Number Variation
Authors: Atli Emine Ikbal , Yalcintepe Sinem , Atli Engin , Demir Selma , Mail Cisem , Gurkan Hakan
Published: December 2021

Chromosome 16 is one of the gene-rich chromosomes; however, approximately 10% of the chromosome 16 sequence is composed of segmental copies, which renders this chromosome instable and predisposes it to rearrangements via frequent nonallelic homologous recombination. Microarray technologies have enabled the analysis of copy number variations (CNV), which may be associated with the risk of developing complex diseases. Through comparative genomic hybridisation in 1,298 patients, we detected 18 cases with chromosome 16 CNV. We identified 2recurrent CNV regions, including 1 at 16p13.11 in 4 patients and another at 16p11.2 in 7 patients. We also detected atypical chromosome 16 rearrangements in 7 patients. Furthermore, we noted an increased frequency of co-occurring genomic changes, supporting the two-hit hypothesis to explain the phenotypic variability in the clinical presentation of CNV syndromes. Our findings can contribute to the creation of a chromosome 16 disease map based on regions that may be associated with disease development.
Desenvolvimento de capacidades discursivas e cidadania no PIBID
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Cecilia Teixeira , Batista Jeize de Fátima , Paz Demétrio Alves
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta reflexões e dois relatos de práticas, oriundos do PIBID, relacionados ao uso de textos literários no ensino de Língua Portuguesa na escola de Educação Básica. Assim, a fundamentação teórica que embasa o trabalho volta-se, primeiramente, para a formação de professores, tendo em vista a relação entre o PIBID e o fazer-se docente, assim como o ensino de leitura e de literatura na escola. Nas atividades, priorizou-se a utilização do texto literário como ponto de partida para se trabalharem capacidades discursivas: ler, interpretar, refletir, analisar e produzir textos. Os alunos leram o romance Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis, e o conto “As mãos dos pretos”, de Luís Bernardo Honwana. Com a experiência, percebeu-se que é possível propor práticas de leitura de textos literários que favoreçam a produção de sentidos e contribuam para o processo de constituição e humanização dos alunos enquanto sujeitos.
Kept in the Family: Remarriage, Siblings, and Consanguinity in the
Netherlands
Authors: van Dijk Ingrid K. , Kok Jan
Published: December 2021

Widowhood involves many practical challenges next to the emotional impact of bereavement. Remarriage to a blood relative of a deceased spouse can often help a bereaved spouse to solve issues related to inheritance, child care, and comfort in a stressful period. A study of 15,540 widowers and 18,837 widows in the Dutch province of Zeeland—of whom about 8,000 men and 5,000 women eventually remarried—which uses genealogical data about their partners and the links family-reconstitution database, finds that the relatively high likelihood of farmers’ widows remarrying and doing so with kin may have been a strategy to prevent property from falling into the hands of other families. Notwithstanding that the attractiveness of a widow or widower could also be a factor in opportunities to remarry, older widows and widows with many young children, whose chances on the remarriage market tended to be poor, did not usually have such recourse to kin in remarriage.
An Early Power-Sharing Regime: The Alternativa System in Spanish Colonial America
Authors: Schwartz Daniel
Published: December 2021

The alternativa system in Spanish American religious orders was an early example of deliberate electoral engineering to address the problem of social division. It was subject to criticism, however, for stealing voters’ freedom, ignoring the rights of candidates, and restricting access to competent officeholders. Moreover, it often gave disproportionate power to a minority faction. Hence, the alternativa remained, at best, an expedient, short-term solution to the problem of factionalism. Examining the canonists’ debate about the alternativa is instructive because it reveals the darker moral side of power-sharing regimes whenever and wherever they occur.
Introduction
Authors: Ménard Anaïs , Bedert Maarten
Published: December 2021

This section introduction explores the imaginative dimension of mobility in two West African countries, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Building on literature that highlights the existential dimension of movement and migration, the authors explore three socio-cultural patterns that inform representations of im/mobility: historical continuities and the longue-durée perspective on mobile practices, the association of geographical mobility with social betterment, and the interaction between local aspirations and the imaginary of global modernity. The three individual contributions by Bedert, Enria and Ménard bring out the work of imagination attached to im/mobility both in ‘home’ countries and diaspora communities, and underline the continuity of representations and practices between spaces that are part of specific transnational social fields.
The Kitāb al-ʿIlm of al-Bukhārī: A Handbook on Knowledge
Authors: Samba Campos Estrella
Published: December 2021

The Kitāb al-ʿIlm of al-Bukhārī (d. 256/870), positioned at the beginning of his Ṣaḥīḥ, represents an innovative turn in terms of structural arrangement and thematic discourse within the context of “books” and narratives on knowledge (ʿilm). Al-Bukhārī’s construction of ʿilm differs from preceding discussions and reveals a unique portrayal. I suggest that the early interdependence between ʿilm-ḥadīth and adab conveyed by al-Bukhārī echoes the Kitab al-Adab written by his teacher, Ibn Abī Shayba (d. 235/849). In light of understanding this intertextual dynamic, I will compare earlier ʿilm narratives with particular themes introduced by al-Bukhārī. Similarly, I will discuss how the early correlation between knowledge and education helped motivate his authorial intent, concluding that the Kitāb al-ʿIlm represents an original, technical and pedagogical work of taḥammul al-ʿilm, the actual practice of teaching knowledge.
Helminth parasites of freshwater fish from Central America
Authors: SALGADO-MALDONADO GUILLERMO
Published: December 2021

This study is a compilation of current knowledge of the taxonomic composition and distribution of the helminth parasites of freshwater fish in Central America. A list of 111 adult helminth species up to day reported from 17 freshwater fish families from Central America was compiled. The data show a helminth parasite fauna in freshwater fish that is typical to the region. One hundred and two of the known helminth species are endemic to the area, 32 of which can be derived from South American genera. Nematodes were the most abundant group, followed by monogeneans and trematodes. None of the 29 helminth families recorded to date is exclusive to Central America, while 16 of the 65 recorded genera have been only recorded from this area. Twenty three of these genera are South American lineages. The data suggest that helminth parasites of freshwater fish from Central America constitute a recent fauna derived mainly from South America but not found there.
Lithoselatium tantichodoki, a new species of intertidal crab (Crustacea:
Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from southern Thailand
Authors: PROMDAM RUEANGRIT , NG PETER K. L.
Published: December 2021

A new species of intertidal sesarmid crab, Lithoselatium tantichodoki new species, is described from the Gulf of Thailand. The species is superficially similar to L. kusu Schubart, Liu & Ng, 2009, from Singapore and Malaysia, but differs in the proportions of the ambulatory legs and the structure of the male first gonopod.
Construction of Hyaluronic Acid-CeO2 Conjugated Composite Nanoparticles and Their Activity Efficiency in Diabetic Retinopathy Alleviation
Authors: Shao Jingzhi , Wan Jingjing , Zhang Fengyan , Zhang Lirong
Published: December 2021

We developed an effective nanoparticle-biomaterial in alleviating diabetic retinopathy (DR), hyaluronic acid (HA)-CeO2, composed mainly of CeO2 and HA. To demonstrate its anti-DR capacity, retinal cells from a B6/J mouse model were used to compare the efficiency
of PEI-CeO2 and HA-CeO2. We investigated the transport performance, histolysis, immune cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and hyperemia induced by the transport system. The structural integrity, microvascular apoptosis, and superoxide and peroxide concentrations in the
retina were measured to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CeO2. The infiltration efficiency of HA-CeO2 was higher than that of PEI-CeO2. Lower levels of foreign body reaction were evident for HA-CeO2 with less histolysis, immune cell infiltration,
angiogenesis, and hyperemia. The clinical efficacy of HA-CeO2 in terms of preservation of retinal structure and lowering of microvascular apoptosis and superoxide and peroxide concentrations was superior to those of PEI-CP. HA-CeO2 was shown to have significant antioxidation
and anti-vascular injury capacity in a mouse model, and may be a potential compound nanodrug for DR treatment in the future.
Influence of the Ural High on Air Temperatures over Eastern Europe and Northern China during Extended Winter
Authors: Sui Cuijuan , Karpechko Alexey Yu. , Vihma Timo , Yu Lejiang , Feng Licheng
Published: December 2021

The anticyclonic anomaly over the Ural Mountains, or the Ural high (UH), has recently received much attention as a factor related to weather anomalies across Eurasia. Here we studied how the UH affects the occurrence of cold wintertime episodes over eastern Europe and northern China. By employing three methods to identify the UH, we found that a method based on the sea level pressure anomaly captures a stronger cooling signal over eastern Europe and this method includes nonblocking cases associated with low-level anticyclones that do not affect the upper troposphere. However, with UH occurrence, a stronger cooling over northern China is detected by a method based on 500-hPa geopotential height fields. Cold events over eastern Europe typically occur when UH formation is associated with a Rossby wave breaking in the upper level. Our results show that the horizontal temperature advection plays an important role in formation of cold episodes in both eastern Europe and northern China. The advection is balanced by diabatic processes, which show an opposite sign to the temperature advection in both regions. Also adiabatic warming contributes to balancing the advection in northern China. We find that the exact location of the positive SLP anomaly during UH episodes is the most important factor controlling whether or not eastern Europe or northern China will experience a cold episode. If the positive SLP anomaly develops more northwest than usual, eastern Europe will experience a cold episode. When the anomaly moves eastward, northern China will be cold.
A Four-Dimensional Survey of the Almeria–Oran Front by Underwater Gliders: Tracers and Circulation
Authors: Rudnick Daniel L. , Zarokanellos Nikolaos D. , Tintoré Joaquin
Published: December 2021

A four-dimensional survey by a fleet of seven underwater gliders was used to identify pathways of subduction at the Almeria–Oran Front in the western Mediterranean Sea. The combined glider fleet covered nearly 9000 km over ground while doing over 2500 dives to as deep as 700 m. The gliders had sensors to measure temperature, salinity, velocity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and acoustic backscatter. Data from the gliders were analyzed through objective maps that were functions of across-front distance, alongfront distance, and time on vertical levels separated by 10 m. Geostrophic velocity was inferred using a variational approach, and the quasigeostrophic omega equation was solved for vertical and ageostrophic horizontal velocities. Peak downward vertical velocities were near 25 m day−1in an event that propagated in the direction of the frontal jet. An examination of an isopycnal surface that outcropped as the front formed showed consistency between the movement of the tracers and the inferred vertical velocity. The vertical velocity tended to be downward on the dense side of the front and upward on the light side so as to flatten the front in the manner of a baroclinic instability. The resulting heat flux approached 80 W m−2near 100-m depth with a structure that would cause restratification of the front. One glider was used to track an isotherm over a day for a direct measure of vertical velocity as large as 50 m day−1, with a net downward displacement of 15 m over the day.
College Learning From Classrooms to the Internet: Adoption of the YouTube as Supplementary Tool in COVID-19 Pandemic Environment
Authors: Liu Dawei , Luo Jinlin
Published: December 2021

To prevent the further spread of COVID-19, many teachings were transferred to the Internet. This study unearths the motivations to participate in YouTube as a supplementary learning resource among college students to fight COVID-19. Using an integration and development of TAM and TTF model with 302 registered YouTube students completed an online survey that helped understanding user behavior. Employing a structural equation model on the sample indicated that behavioral intention was significantly influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction, and YouTube self-efficacy. However, task technology fit and content richness were not significantly predictive of behavioral intention. Moreover, perceived ease of use and YouTube self-efficacy also was not significantly predictive perceived usefulness. The implications of integrating and development of TAM and TTF with content richness and YouTube self-efficacy model are discussed.
Faith-Driven Gentrification and Displacement in Education in Israeli Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Cohen Janet , Billig Miriam
Published: December 2021

Community-based, Judaism-intensive action groups (Hebrew: Gar’inim Toraniim—GTs) are religiously motivated to settle in Israeli development towns, seeking to narrow social gaps through education. However, their influence has never been fully clarified. This study is grounded in the theory of educational gentrification and introduces the concept of Faith-Driven Gentrification. Until now research has lacked voice from local people forced to face the intervention of settlers driven by religion and their influence on urban school systems. The findings, based on institutional data and in-depth interviews, show that GTs alter the structure of educational systems and the dominant educational ethos. They drive achievement and strict religiosity; nevertheless, their actions impair disadvantaged groups and opponents of their religious lifestyle, intensifying segregation. By giving voice to these communities, this study claims that despite gentrifiers’ commitment to social justice in urban communities, they harm longtime residents through indirect displacement, fueled by religious and ethnic elitism.
Assessing Nephrotoxicity Associated With Different Vancomycin Dosing Modalities in Obese Patients at a Community Hospital
Authors: Wolfe Amanda , Bowling Jonathan , Short Marintha R. , Mateyoke Greg , Berger Steven C.
Published: December 2021

Background: Vancomycin requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) based on its pharmacokinetic properties, and guidelines have shifted to analyzing area under the curve over 24 hours (AUC24) rather than trough concentrations due to nephrotoxicity concerns and correlation to efficacy. Obesity is an established risk factor for vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity due to increased drug exposure based on dosing calculations and volume of distribution estimation. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between AUC-based versus trough-based dosing and nephrotoxicity among obese patients receiving vancomycin. Methods: This research project was conducted as a retrospective, observational, single-centered study which included obese adults who received at least 48 hours of vancomycin. The electronic medical record provided data for patients with vancomycin pharmacokinetic consults either evaluated with trough-only or AUC-based dosing. The primary objective was to compare the development of nephrotoxicity after vancomycin initiation, while secondary objectives included vancomycin loading dose exposure, total daily dose of vancomycin, and whether target TDM was attained. Nominal data were evaluated utilizing the chi-square test and continuous data using the independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney test. The a priori level of significance was .05. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SAS statistical software. Results: Two hundred fifty-four patients were included in the primary analysis. Four patients in the AUC cohort (6.3%) developed nephrotoxicity compared to 32 (17.4%) in the trough cohort ( P = .035). Both cohorts received a median of 4 days of therapy; however, the median loading dose per actual body weight in the AUC cohort was 20 mg/kg as compared to 16 mg/kg in the trough cohort. Of the 130 patients with available TDM in the trough cohort, 97 (74.6%) did not meet target attainment as compared to 15 of the 57 in the AUC cohort (26.3%) ( P < .001). Conclusions: AUC dosing was associated with a statistically significant reduction in AKI occurrence despite overall higher loading dose exposure as compared to the trough cohort. Though maintenance dose exposure was similar between both cohorts, patients in the AUC cohort maintained therapeutic concentrations at a higher percentage than the trough cohort.
Alternative to Reduced Stresses on the Upper Extremity in a Standing Workstation
Authors: Lee Ilseok , Choi Jiwon , Kang Sang Hyeon , Jin Sangeun
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study evaluated a standing armrest to provide more acceptable ergonomic guidelines that may reduce the cost of standing computer workstations.

Background

Of the many advantages of standing workstations, there have been no efforts to minimize the biomechanical cost, such as larger wrist extension and greater forearm muscle activity than sitting.

Method

Sixteen participants were asked to perform a typing task under a combination of the following factors: (1) desk shape (rectangular and concave); (2) desk height (0, +5, -5 cm from 90° elbow flexion); and (3) monitor height (0, −10 cm from the eyes). During the trials, the trunk kinematics, muscle activation levels, and CoP were recorded.

Results

Both arms were further away from the upper body under the concave and +5 desk height than under the normal condition, but significant decreases in the extensor carpi radialis (8.6%), anterior deltoid (28.8%), and L4 paraspinals (5.5%) were observed. Similarly, the wrist extension angle decreased by 10.5° (42%) under this condition, but the posture required a 2.2° (19%) increase in wrist adduction angle. The CoP irregularity was greater under the concave workstation, indicating more complex motion.

Conclusion

A higher and concave desk can provide an armrest effect while engaged in a standing workstation by reducing the wrist extension and related muscle activation level, but at the cost of a larger wrist adduction angle.

Application

Providing a standing armrest (+5 cm height and concave desk) could reduce the stresses on the upper extremities, but a split keyboard should be considered to minimize wrist adduction.
Effect of Preterm Birth on the Risk of Adverse Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Desta Melaku , Admas Melaku , Yeshitila Yordanos , Meselu Belsity , Bishaw Keralem , Assemie Moges , Yimer Nigus , Kassa Getachew
Published: December 2021

Despite remarkable progress in the reduction of under-five mortality, the rate of perinatal and neonatal mortality is still high especially in developing countries. The adverse outcome associated with preterm birth is one of the major public health challenges in Africa. However, there are limited and inconsistent studies conducted on the effect of preterm birth on adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and its adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia. We systematically searched several electronic databases like PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Google Scholar, African Journals Online databases and Science Direct. All identified observational studies were included. The I 1 statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity among the studies. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled effect of preterm birth on adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Thirty-three studies with a total of 20 109 live births were included in the final meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that preterm birth increased the odds of perinatal mortality by 10-folds [POR = 9.56 (95% CI: 5.47, 19.69)] and there was a 5.44-folds risk of stillbirth [Odds Ratio = 5.44 (95% CI: 3.57, 8.28)] among women who gave birth before 37 weeks of gestation. In addition, preterm birth was significantly associated with neonatal hypothermia [OR=3.54 (95% CI: 2.41, 5.21)], neonatal mortality [OR= 3.16 (95% CI: 1.57, 6.34). The sub-group analysis of this meta-analysis showed that there was an increased risk of neonatal sepsis [OR=2.33 (95% CI: 1.15, 4.71)] among preterm babies. Preterm births significantly increased the risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia. Therefore, scale-up strategies and improving the quality of maternal and child health care providers should be an area of intervention to reduce adverse outcomes associated with preterm birth. The Federal Ministry of Health and concerned bodies should work towards the prevention of preterm birth and its adverse outcomes.
The Selection of Main Surgical Work Factors in Operating Rooms
Authors: Grozdanovic Dragutin , Janackovic Goran L. , Grozdanovic Miroljub , Mitkovic Milorad B. , Mitkovic Milan M.
Published: December 2021

The main component of error minimization in operating rooms (ORs) is to maintain high reliability of surgical teams. The analysis of adverse events in the OR reveals deficiencies in cognitive and interpersonal skills as the main factors influencing surgeons’ errors. Therefore, research of these additional factors is necessary, besides factors related to surgeons’ clinical knowledge and technical skills. In this paper, the key factors for evaluating activities in surgical operating rooms are identified. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used for identification of key factors. Fifteen key factors are identified for evaluating activities in surgical operating rooms to improve the efficiency of surgical operations. For each group of activities (surgical “capabilities,” operating room characteristics, and non-technical skills), five factors are identified. As the most important, the following factors are obtained: communication, indoor environment standardization, and tool handle design. The aim of the analysis of these key factors is surgeons’ work capability enhancement, rational design of operating rooms, and advancement of operators’ cognitive and interpersonal skills.
Provisioning Firearms in Latin America: Historical Development and Societal Consequences
Authors: Witkowski Terrence H.
Published: December 2021

For hundreds of years, the systems provisioning firearms to Latin America states, insurgents, markets, and criminals have had important societal consequences. The constant supply of guns has accelerated widespread violence at an individual level that in the aggregate has facilitated colonial rule, brutal institutions of slavery, numerous insurrections and border wars and, in more recent times, drug trafficking and the social disruption of communities. Firearms also have enabled national independence movements, hunting for necessary sustenance, physical protection from animal and human predators, and the enjoyment of shooting sports past and present. This article provides an account of Latin American firearms provisioning from the time of European arrival and conquest into the twenty-first century and considers some of the many ensuing societal effects. Historical research, a key component of the macromarketing domain, provides a broader understanding of firearms and gun cultures in the region.