bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Environmental Vulnerability to Drought Conditions and Land Degradation: An Assessment in Two Northeastern Brazilian River Basins
Authors: Vieira Rita Marcia da Silva Pinto , Tomasella Javier , Cunha Ana Paula Martins do Amaral , Barbosa Alexandre Augusto , Pompeu João , Ferreira Yara , Santos Fabrícia Cristina , Alves Lincoln Muniz , Ometto Jean
Published: May 2023

Over the past few decades, a significant amount of agricultural land has been lost due to soil degradation/desertification. In addition, the increasing frequency of extreme events, such as intense droughts and forest fires, has negatively impacted various ecosystem services. Two of the main Brazilian biomes—the Cerrado and the Caatinga—have been affected by increased rainfall variability, leading to desertification, increased fire frequency, and, consequently, rising concerns regarding the water and food security of the local population. In this study, we develop a methodology to assess these impacts using a Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index (SEVI) that combines physical, environmental, and socio-economic indicators related to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation, as well as including socio-environmental feedback. The developed SEVI is then applied to the São Francisco and Parnaíba river basins. The proposed index is based on the MEDALUS methodology and is adapted to include multiple biological, physical, and socio-economic indicators, allowing for the discrimination of areas characterized by different levels of vulnerability. We also analyze the effectiveness of governmental policies, such as the creation of conservation areas and the rural registration of properties, in reducing vulnerability. The SEVI analysis highlights that adaptive capacity is the main constraint for reducing socio-environmental vulnerability in the Parnaíba basin, while exposure and sensitivity are the greater challenges in the São Francisco basin. The results of this study are crucial for the prioritization of recovery actions in degraded areas.
Perceived Environmental Value, Destination Image, and Tourist Loyalty: The Role of Tourist Satisfaction and Religiosity
Authors: Zulvianti Nora , Aimon Hasdi , Abror Abror
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate the antecedent of loyalty in halal tourist destinations in West Sumatra. We used tourist satisfaction as a mediation variable and religiosity as a moderating variable. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 310 respondents who visited halal tourism destinations in West Sumatra. It was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Partial Least Squares (PLS). Perceived environmental value influences loyalty. Furthermore, destination image affects tourist satisfaction and tourism loyalty. Tourist satisfaction does not mediate the effect of destination image on loyalty. Religiosity affects tourism loyalty; higher religiosity is followed by higher tourism loyalty. Religiosity moderates the effect of satisfaction on loyalty.
Influence of Mineral Deposition on the Retention of Potentially Hazardous Elements in Geothermal Spring Sediments
Authors: Wang Yafeng , Cheng Hefa
Published: May 2023

Geothermal springs are known to contain a variety of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs), which may threaten human health. Their release on Earth’s surface is largely dependent on the retention by the sediments at the spring outflux. In this study, the hot spring waters and the sediments at the corresponding sites were collected from the Nagqu geothermal field on the Tibetan Plateau. The water geochemistry and sediment mineralogy were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The association of PHEs with minerals was analyzed. The results indicate that while the concentrations of PHEs were highly elevated, Be, As, and Tl in some hot springs exceeded the criteria for class III groundwater in China by up to 2, 2, and 19 times, respectively. Cs occurred at relatively high levels, up to 776 μg/L. As, Co, Se, Tl, and U in the hot spring waters were probably captured by iron sulfide minerals in the sediments, while Be and Cs were strongly retained by the carbonate minerals. The releases of V and Cr were apparently regulated by the clay minerals. Overall, the mobility of PHEs from the geothermal springs is controlled by the deposition of minerals at the spring vents.
Connecting Classrooms with Online Interclass Tournaments: A Strategy to Imitate, Recombine and Innovate Teaching Practices
Authors: Araya Roberto
Published: May 2023

UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goal 4 and new curricula around the world call for a better quality of education. Among the main challenges of improving quality is increasing the integration between disciplines and improving the preparation of students for the personal and work requirements of a smarter and rapidly changing society. For that purpose, we need to design new and effective didactic strategies. However, current classrooms are isolated. They practically never connect. This hinders the exchange of ideas. It inhibits imitation and recombination, the basic blocks of cultural evolution and innovation. In this paper, we analyze four online interclass tournaments that we have implemented in the last decade. This long-term view is crucial for estimating the sustainability of new teaching strategies. These tournaments are very uncommon lessons, where entire elementary or middle school classes interconnect synchronously and play an educational game. This increased interconnectedness is only possible thanks to digital communication technology. We found that these interclass tournaments are feasible to implement in schools; that they are a promising mechanism for teaching with an increased integration of disciplines; and that they facilitate imitation, recombination, and innovation of teaching strategies. Thus, interclass tournaments could be a feasible strategy to help innovate and improve the quality of education.
Current and Previous Green Technologies, Their Efficiency, Associated Problems, and Success Rates to Mitigate M. aeruginosa in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Khatoon Zobia , Huang Suiliang , Bilal Ahmer , Janjuhah Hammad Tariq , Kontakiotis George , Antonarakou Assimina , Besiou Evangelia , Wei Mengjiao , Gao Rui , Zhang Tianqi , Li Ling
Published: May 2023

Frequent M. aeruginosa outbreaks pose a major risk to public health and have a detrimental effect on aquatic ecosystems. Researchers are looking into ways to stop and control M. aeruginosa blooms, a problem that affects both the aquatic environment and human health significantly. It is important to develop proper monitoring methods to identify M. aeruginosa blooms. However, the existing control and monitoring techniques have some drawbacks that limit the field’s applicability. Therefore, we must improve current methods for effectively monitoring and controlling M. aeruginosa blooms. Mitigation strategies should be customized for particular bodies of water utilizing techniques that are fast, economical, and field-applicable. This review critically identifies and evaluates green technologies, especially those focused on the presence of M. aeruginosa in freshwater, and compares and discusses problems with these green technologies. Furthermore, they were characterized and ranked according to their cost, effectiveness, and field applicability. A few suggestions for improvements were provided, along with ideas for future research projects that would take anticipated environmental changes into account.
Urban Green Spaces Distribution and Disparities in Congested Populated Areas: A Geographical Assessment from Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Mushahid , Hashim Muhammad , Aziz Asad , Stocco Alice , Abdo Hazem Ghassan , Almohamad Hussein , Al Dughairi Ahmed Abdullah , Al-Mutiry Motrih
Published: May 2023

Urban green spaces are considered the most important element for keeping the balance between good environmental conditions, infrastructure development, and social sustainability in cities. Nevertheless, urban green spaces are declining in developing countries due to the fast diffusion of different human activities, raising the potential risk of social injustice and urban ecology meltdown. This study brings the example of Shahdara Town, a suburban area of Lahore, the second largest city and one of the most populated ones in Pakistan. In Shahdara Town, the scarcity of urban green spaces seems to achieve an unequal distribution of restorative places within crowded residential areas. By coupling the vegetation spectral index NDVI and Lahore institutional data to detect green spaces, this study maps the urban green area distribution and compares it with the population settlement pattern. An analysis was made to assess possible spatial relationships between green areas distribution, population density, and the social–economic profile of the residents. The distribution and accessibility of green spaces resulted insufficient for Shahdara Town’s population, highlighting local issues from a social perspective. The imbalanced provision of green spaces for densely populated areas is a big challenge for urban planners and policymakers because it jeopardizes the city life-quality and local ecological justice. Only the effort of conducting a good spatial assessment during urban planning processes can lead to a balanced and equal distribution of urban green spaces in developing cities, ensuring social and ecological justice for the population.
Steganalysis of Neural Networks Based on Symmetric Histogram Distribution
Authors: Tang Xiong , Wang Zichi , Zhang Xinpeng
Published: May 2023

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in various fields of artificial intelligence. However, these models, which contain a large number of parameters, are widely distributed and disseminated by researchers, engineers, and even unauthorized users. Except for intelligent tasks, typically overparameterized deep neural networks have become new digital covers for data hiding, which may pose significant security challenges to AI systems. To address this issue, this paper proposes a symmetric steganalysis scheme specifically designed for neural networks trained for image classification tasks. The proposed method focuses on detecting the presence of additional data without access to the internal structure or parameters of the host network. It employs a well-designed method based on histogram distribution to find the optimal decision threshold, with a symmetric determining rule where the original networks and stego networks undergo two highly symmetrical flows to generate the classification labels; the method has been shown to be practical and effective. SVM and ensemble classifiers were chosen as the binary classifier for their applicability to feature vectors output from neural networks based on different datasets and network structures. This scheme is the first of its kind, focusing on steganalysis for neural networks based on the distribution of network output, compared to conventional digital media such as images, audio, and video. Overall, the proposed scheme offers a promising approach to enhancing the security of deep neural networks against data hiding attacks.
Frequency and Pattern of MRI Diffusion Restrictions after Diagnostic Catheter Neuroangiography
Authors: Kesseler Elisabeth , Tafelmeier Svenja , Nikoubashman Omid , Iancu Anca-Maria , Pinho João , Wiesmann Martin
Published: May 2023

(1) Background: We investigated the frequency, location, and lesion size of diffusion restrictions (DR) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of asymptomatic patients after diagnostic angiography and assessed risk factors for their occurrence. (2) Methods: We analyzed diffusion-weighted images (DWI) of 344 patients undergoing diagnostic angiographies in a neuroradiologic center. Only asymptomatic patients who received a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination within seven days after the angiography were included. (3) Results: Asymptomatic infarcts on DWI were identified in 17% of the cases after diagnostic angiography. In these 59 patients, a total of 167 lesions were noted. The diameter of the lesions was 1–5 mm in 128 lesions, and 5–10 mm in 39 cases. Dot-shaped diffusion restrictions were found most frequently (n = 163, 97.6%). None of the patients had neurological deficits during or after angiography. Significant correlations were found between the occurrence of lesions and patient age (p < 0.001), history of atherosclerosis (p = 0.014), cerebral infarction (p = 0.026), or coronary heart disease/heart attack (p = 0.027); and the amount of contrast medium used (p = 0.047) and fluoroscopy time (p = 0.033). (4) Conclusions: With an incidence of 17%, we observed a comparatively high risk for asymptomatic cerebral ischemia after diagnostic neuroangiography. Further measures to reduce the risk of silent embolic infarcts and improve the safety of neuroangiography are warranted.
Automatic Pretreatment of Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction Based on Immunomagnetic Beads Coupled with UPLC-FLD for the Determination of Zearalenone in Corn Oils
Authors: Ni Baoxia , Ye Jin , Xuan Zhihong , Li Li , Wen Xiangrui , Li Zongwang , Liu Hongmei , Wang Songxue
Published: May 2023

Sample pretreatment is a vital step in the detection of mycotoxins, and traditional pretreatment methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive and generate much organic waste liquid. In this work, an automatic, high-throughput and environmentally friendly pretreatment method is proposed. Immunomagnetic beads technology and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technology are combined, and the zearalenone in corn oils is directly purified and concentrated under the solubilization effects of surfactant. The proposed pretreatment method allows for the batch pretreatment of samples without pre-extraction using organic reagents, and almost no organic waste liquid is produced. Coupled with UPLC-FLD, an effective and accurate quantitative detection method for zearalenone is established. The recovery of spiked zearalenone in corn oils at different concentrations ranges from 85.7 to 89.0%, and the relative standard deviation is below 2.9%. The proposed pretreatment method overcomes the shortcomings of traditional pretreatment methods and has broad application prospects.
Retrospective Observational Study of Treatment Patterns and Efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA Therapy in Patients with Refractory Overactive Bladder in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ko Kwang Jin , Lee Kyu-Sung
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the treatment patterns and long-term efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA injections in a clinical setting. This single-center retrospective study was conducted on patients with refractory overactive bladder (OAB) aged 18 years or older who received onabotulinumtoxinA 100 IU administered between April 2012 and May 2022. The primary endpoint was the treatment pattern, including the retreatment rate and OAB medication prescription pattern. The duration and effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment were analyzed using the overactive bladder symptom score and voiding diaries. A total of 216 patients were enrolled in this study, and the overall patient satisfaction rate was 55.1%. After the first injection, 19.9% received a second treatment, and 6.1% received three or more injections. The median duration until the second injection was 10.7 months. Among the patients, 51.4% resumed OAB medications after 2.96 months. The presence of urodynamic detrusor overactivity was observed only in female patients (odds ratio, 23.65; 95% CI, 1.84 to 304.40), which was associated with a good response. In contrast to clinical trials, the degree of improvement and retreatment rate did not meet expectations. Our findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA injections in patients with refractory OAB symptoms in real-world practice.
Risk Factors in HIV-1 Positive Patients on the Intensive Care Unit: A Single Center Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Schulze Arik Bernard , Mohr Michael , Sackarnd Jan , Schmidt Lars Henning , Tepasse Phil-Robin , Rosenow Felix , Evers Georg
Published: May 2023

HIV-positive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often require treatment on intensive care units (ICUs). We aimed to present data from a German, low-incidence region cohort, and subsequently evaluate factors measured during the first 24 h of ICU stay to predict short- and long-term survival, and compare with data from high-incidence regions. We documented 62 patient courses between 2009 and 2019, treated on a non-operative ICU of a tertiary care hospital, mostly due to respiratory deterioration and co-infections. Of these, 54 patients required ventilatory support within the first 24 h with either nasal cannula/mask (n = 12), non-invasive ventilation (n = 16), or invasive ventilation (n = 26). Overall survival at day 30 was 77.4%. While ventilatory parameters (all p < 0.05), pH level (c/o 7.31, p = 0.001), and platelet count (c/o 164,000/µL, p = 0.002) were significant univariate predictors of 30-day and 60-day survival, different ICU scoring systems, such as SOFA score, APACHE II, and SAPS 2 predicted overall survival (all p < 0.001). Next to the presence or history of solid neoplasia (p = 0.026), platelet count (HR 6.7 for <164,000/µL, p = 0.020) and pH level (HR 5.8 for <7.31, p = 0.009) remained independently associated with 30-day and 60-day survival in multivariable Cox regression. However, ventilation parameters did not predict survival multivariably.
Targeting CMV Reactivation to Optimize Care for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Antiviral Treatment
Authors: Schinas Georgios , Moustaka Vasiliki , Polyzou Eleni , Almyroudi Maria Panagiota , Dimopoulos George , Akinosoglou Karolina
Published: May 2023

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential connection with severe COVID-19. Mechanisms driving this association may include primary lung injury, amplification of systemic inflammation, and secondary immunosuppression. Diagnostic challenges in detecting and assessing CMV reactivation necessitate a comprehensive approach to improve accuracy and inform treatment decisions. Currently, there is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of CMV pharmacotherapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Although insights from non-COVID-19 critical illness studies suggest a potential role for antiviral treatment or prophylaxis, the risks and benefits must be carefully balanced in this vulnerable patient population. Understanding the pathophysiological role of CMV in the context of COVID-19 and exploring the advantages of antiviral treatment are crucial for optimizing care in critically ill patients. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of available evidence, emphasizing the need for additional investigation to establish the role of CMV treatment or prophylaxis in the management of severe COVID-19 and to develop a framework for future research on this topic.
Remdesivir Use in the Real-World Setting: An Overview of Available Evidence
Authors: Akinosoglou Karolina , Rigopoulos Emmanouil Angelos , Schinas Georgios , Kaiafa Georgia , Polyzou Eleni , Tsoupra Stamatia , Tzouvelekis Argyrios , Gogos Charalambos , Savopoulos Christos
Published: May 2023

In the years of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), various treatment options have been utilized. COVID-19 continues to circulate in the global population, and the evolution of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has posed significant challenges to the treatment and prevention of infection. Remdesivir (RDV), an anti-viral agent with in vitro efficacy against coronaviruses, is a potent and safe treatment as suggested by a plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials. Emerging real-world data have confirmed its effectiveness, and there are currently datasets evaluating its efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2 infections in various clinical scenarios, including some that are not in the SmPC recommendations according for COVID-19 pharmacotherapy. Remdesivir increases the chance of recovery, reduces progression to severe disease, lowers mortality rates, and exhibits beneficial post-hospitalization outcomes, especially when used early in the course of the disease. Strong evidence suggests the expansion of remdesivir use in special populations (e.g., pregnancy, immunosuppression, renal impairment, transplantation, elderly and co-medicated patients) where the benefits of treatment outweigh the risk of adverse effects. In this article, we attempt to overview the available real-world data of remdesivir pharmacotherapy. With the unpredictable course of COVID-19, we need to utilize all available knowledge to bridge the gap between clinical research and clinical practice and be sufficiently prepared for the future.
A Novel Breast Cancer Xenograft Model Using the Ostrich Chorioallantoic Membrane—A Proof of Concept
Authors: Pomraenke Marta , Bolney Robert , Winkens Thomas , Perkas Olga , Pretzel David , Theis Bernhard , Greiser Julia , Freesmeyer Martin
Published: May 2023

The avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay has attracted scientific attention in cancer research as an alternative or complementary method for in vivo animal models. Here, we present a xenograft model based on the ostrich (struthio camelus) CAM assay for the first time. The engraftment of 2 × 106 breast cancer carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells successfully lead to tumor formation. Tumor growth monitoring was evaluated in eight fertilized eggs after xenotransplantation. Cancer cells were injected directly onto the CAM surface, close to a well-vascularized area. Histological analysis confirmed the epithelial origin of tumors. The CAM of ostrich embryos provides a large experimental surface for the xenograft, while the comparably long developmental period allows for a long experimental window for tumor growth and treatment. These advantages could make the ostrich CAM assay an attractive alternative to the well-established chick embryo model. Additionally, the large size of ostrich embryos compared to mice and rats could help overcome the limitations of small animal models. The suggested ostrich model is promising for future applications, for example, in radiopharmaceutical research, the size of the embryonal organs may compensate for the loss in image resolution caused by physical limitations in small animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
Extensive Green Roofs: Different Time Approaches to Runoff Coefficient Determination
Authors: Monteiro Cristina M. , Santos Cristina , Castro Paula M. L.
Published: May 2023

Stormwater runoff in green roofs (GRs) is represented by the runoff coefficient, which is fundamental to assess their hydraulic performance and to design the drainage systems downstream. Runoff coefficient values in newly installed GR systems should be estimated by models that must be feasible and reproduce the retention behavior as realistically as possible, being thus adjusted to each season and climate region. In this study, the suitability of a previously developed model for runoff coefficient determination is assessed using experimental data, and registered over a 1 year period. Results showed that the previously developed model does not quite fit the experimental data obtained in the present study, which was developed in a distinct year with different climate conditions, revealing the need to develop a new model with a better adjustment, and taking into consideration other variables besides temperature and precipitation (e.g., early-stage moisture conditions of the GR matrix and climate of the study area). Runoff coefficient values were also determined with different time periods (monthly, weekly, and per rain event) to assess the most adequate approach, considering the practical uses of this coefficient. The monthly determination approach resulted in lower runoff coefficient values (0–0.46) than the weekly or per rain event (0.017–0.764) determination. When applied to a long-term performance analysis, this study showed no significant differences when using the monthly, weekly, or per rain event runoff, resulting on a variation of only 0.9 m3 of annual runoff. This indicates that the use of monthly values for runoff coefficient, although not suitable for sizing drainage systems, might be used to estimate their long-term performance. Overall, this pilot extensive GR of 0.4 m2 presented an annual retention volume of 469.3 L, corresponding to a retention rate of 89.6%, in a year with a total precipitation of 1089 mm. The assessment of different time scales for runoff coefficient determination is a major contribution for future GR performance assessments, and a fundamental decision support tool.
The Resource Status of Plankton after Stocked Protosalanx chinensis Population Collapse in a Lake of Northeastern China
Authors: Li Zhe , Han Ying , Tang Fujiang , Zeng Haoyu , Zheng Yi
Published: May 2023

In order to understand the relative strength of top-down and bottom-up control in lakes of grazing alien fish, Protosalanx chinensis, investigations were designed in Lake Longhu (Lake L, P. chinensis introduced in 2013) and Lake Qijia (Lake Q, P. chinensis free). Plankton samples were collected bimonthly through the whole life cycle of P. chinensis (from February to December in 2018). A total of 133 phytoplankton and 68 zooplankton species were recorded in the two lakes. The total density and biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 991.89 × 104 ind/L and 9.2418 mg/L as well as 5212 ind/L and 20.2646 mg/L, respectively. This study revealed that P. chinensis grazing did not deplete the zooplankton resources in the lake where it was stocked. Biodiversity in Lake L was not significantly different from that in Lake Q based on both phytoplankton and zooplankton. Overall, the over grazing of P. chinensis was not found in Lake L. Nevertheless, compared to Lake Q, the correlation between phytoplankton and zooplankton was weakened in Lake L, which meant there were still some effects of stocking P. chinensis on the ecological equilibrium of the plankton community, although no dramatic influences were found in Lake L yet. We also found that P. chinensis and Cladocera were significantly correlated, which should account for the top-down influences. Long-term successive investigations are suggested for sustainable resource utilization and maintaining biological balance.
Isotope Composition of Natural Water in Lake Onega Basin
Authors: Borodulina Galina , Tokarev Igor , Yakovlev Evgeny
Published: May 2023

In 2009–2018, the isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen in the atmospheric precipitation, groundwater and river and lake water of Lake Onega basin was studied. The weighted annual isotope composition of precipitation at Petrozavodsk was δ18O = −11.7‰ and δ2H = −84‰ and varied from −30.9 to −4.1‰ for δ18O and from −23 to −22‰ for δ2H. The isotopic composition of the water in Lake Onega was relatively uniform from −11.5 to −9.3‰ for δ18O and from −85 to −71‰ for δ2H. In the bays, the isotopic composition of the water varied more substantially than in the central part of the lake due to the river runoff during springtime flooding. In late summer, the concentrations of deuterium and oxygen-18 increased in the lake water, and figurative points on the δ2H vs. δ18O diagram shifted above the meteoric line. The absorption of the isotopically heavy summer precipitation and disequilibrium isotope fractionation during evaporation led to the enrichment of the lake water by heavy isotopes. Experiments were conducted to estimate the evaporation influence on the isotope enrichment of the residual water, and a comparison of the obtained isotope data with the experimental function showed that commonly, about 4% and up to 12% of water was lost during the spring and summer, respectively. In the water of the tributaries, the abundance of the deuterium and oxygen-18 varied in a wider scale than in the lakes, from −14.4 to −9.1‰ for δ18O and from −102 to −73‰ for δ2H. An evaporation loss of up to 35% was found for the rivers in late summer, and this value was proportional to the area of lakes and wetlands in the elementary watershed. The initial isotope composition of the water in the tributaries prior to evaporation was estimated to be δ18O ≈ −14.1‰ and δ2H ≈ −103‰ on average and crossed the approximation and meteoric lines. This estimation was close to the average composition of the groundwater, i.e., δ18O ≈ −13.4‰ and δ2H ≈ −94‰ on the Lake Onega catchment. The slightly increased isotope depletion of the calculated composition in the initial river water in comparison with the groundwater was the result of the contribution of the spring snowmelt water, which had a significant influence on the lake water balance.
Removal of Pb(II) by Adsorption of HCO–(Fe3O4)x Composite Adsorbent: Efficacy and Mechanism
Authors: Li Jing , Hu Zehua , Chen Yilin , Deng Renjian
Published: May 2023

With the development of industry, the concentration of lead (Pb) in water bodies is gradually increasing, the forms of Pb pollution in water are becoming increasingly diversified, and the environmental and human health hazards caused by Pb pollution are receiving increasing attention. A HCO–(Fe3O4)x composite adsorbent prepared by the coprecipitation method of Fe3O4 mixed in cerium-rich grinding and polishing sludge was used to remove Pb from water. The effects of Ce/Fe molar ratio, pH, dosing amount, and time on the adsorption of HCO–(Fe3O4)x for Pb removal were investigated and the adsorption isotherm model, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption mechanism were studied. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of HCO–(Fe3O4)x on Pb(II) was 35.93 mg·g−1 at a Ce/Fe molar ratio of 1.5:1, pH 4–5, and temperature of 25 °C, and the removal rate could reach 96.05%; the process of Pb(II) adsorption by HCO–(Fe3O4)x was in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic model; chemisorption was dominant. Characterization results, such as EDS, XRD, and XPS, showed that the composite preparation of HCO with Fe3O4 increased the specific surface area of HCO–(Fe3O4)x and generated amorphous iron oxides, such as FeCe2O4, FeOOH, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3, which provided conditions for the formation of Fe-O-Pb and Ce-O-Pb complexes during the adsorption process, thus facilitating the adsorption removal of Pb(II).
Control of Aquatic Weed Eichhornia crassipes Using Florpyrauxifen-benzyl Herbicide—Case Study in Cangkuang Lake (Indonesia)
Authors: Kurniadie Denny , Rezkia Nita Nur , Widayat Dedi , Widiawan Aditya , Duy Le , Prabowo Dwi Priyo
Published: May 2023

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart). Solms) is a rapidly growing plant that can easily invade water bodies and negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. Cangkuang Lake is currently facing a major issue due to the increased proliferation of this plant species. Although herbicide can be used to manage weeds in aquatic ecosystems to save labor and time, their impact and toxicity on the environment must be considered. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Florpyrauxifen-benzyl herbicide in controlling water hyacinth in Cangkuang Lake, Garut Regency, West Java, and its impact on water quality. A randomized block design (RBD) was used with eight treatments, and each treatment was replicated four times to obtain a total of 32 experimental plots with a size of 1 m × 1 m. Each plot contained water hyacinth weeds, with a range of 8–10 leaves and a weight range of 250–300 g. The treatment consisted of herbicide with active ingredients Florpyrauxifen-benzyl (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 g a.i./ha), 2,4-D Dimethyl Amine (DMA) (1200 g a.i./ha), Penoxsulam (25 g a.i./ha), and the control. The study also measured several water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and ammonia levels. The results showed that Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, starting at a dose of 15 g a.i./ha, was effective in controlling E.crassipes weeds with a growth reduction percentage of up to 100% and no weed regrowth at 42 DAA (day after application). However, all water quality parameters were within the standard threshold for the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22/2021. This study suggests that Florpyrauxifen-benzyl can be an effective herbicide for controlling water hyacinth in Cangkuang Lake, and that its use did not have a negative impact on water quality. However, this study also highlights the importance of considering the potential environmental impact and toxicity of herbicides before their use in aquatic ecosystems.
Influence of Cross-Sectional Shape on Flow Capacity of Open Channels
Authors: Qiu Chunlin , Liu Shihe , Huang Jiesheng , Pan Wenhao , Xu Rui
Published: May 2023

Open-channel flow can be easily found in nature and engineering projects, and the channels’ cross-sections are of various shapes. Research on the flow capacity of open channels with different cross-sections can help deepen our understanding of the dependence of open channels’ general characteristics on cross-sectional shapes at a theoretical level. Furthermore, it has potential practical value in engineering projects. Through theoretical analysis, experimental research, and numerical calculation, two conclusions can be drawn in the present article: (1) A general expression for flow capacity was deduced based on viscous fluid theory, and a parameter describing the influence of cross-sectional shapes on flow capacity, CQ, was obtained. The advantage of our method is that the expression can be used to calculate the parameter directly, which varies with general and flow field characteristics. Another advantage is that the parameter can describe general and flow field characteristics in a uniform way. (2) The width-to-wetted perimeter ratio was selected to describe the cross-sectional shapes. The dependence of the parameter, CQ, on cross-sectional shapes can be summarized as follows: In laminar flow, the parameter depends on the width-to-wetted perimeter ratio only. In turbulent flow at a medium or low Reynolds number, the parameter varied with width-to-wetted perimeter ratio and Reynolds number. In turbulent flow at a high Reynolds number, the parameter was independent of the width-to-wetted perimeter ratio.
Natural Swimming Ponds as an Application of Treatment Wetlands—A Review
Authors: Walczak Wojciech , Serafin Artur , Siwiec Tadeusz
Published: May 2023

Natural swimming ponds using treatment wetlands (TWs) as an element of treatment of swimming water are an ecologically beneficial alternative to conventional pools. Unlike conventional swimming pools, in natural swimming ponds, the water treatment avoids the use of chemical methods and is based on the phenomenon of water self-purification and the rhizofiltration capacity of repository macrophytes in TWs of the regeneration zone, as well as on typical physical filtering processes (e.g., straining, sedimentation, or flotation), physicochemical filtration (physical and chemical adsorption, mainly of phosphorus), and biological filtration (nitrification and denitrification). Market solutions usually arise from the implementation of water treatment solutions used in small garden ponds, which are not typical for ponds; moreover, they are expensive and difficult to use and maintain. Therefore, they require the development of a dedicated system that improves the functioning and usability of the filtration system. A modular, compact filtration system for the treatment of water by physical and biological methods, made of polymer composites and with replaceable filtration modules and essential equipment (e.g., skimmers, dispensers, and filtration mats), is a solution expected by many pond users. It enables the exploitation of the natural functions of ponds and contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and active recreation in a biologically living aquatic ecosystem.
Challenges in implementing GP clusters in Scotland: a qualitative study comparing the views of senior primary care stakeholders in 2016 with those in 2021
Authors: Kidd Catherine , Donaghy Eddie , Huang Huayi , Noble-Jones Rhian , Ogilvie Sharon , McGregor Julia , Maxwell Margaret , Gillies John , Henderson David AG , Wang Harry HX , Mercer Stewart W
Published: May 2023

Background

Formation of GP clusters began in Scotland in April 2016 as part of a new Scottish GP contract. They aim to improve the care quality for local populations (intrinsic role) and the integration of health and social care (extrinsic role).

Aim

To compare predicted challenges of cluster implementation in 2016 with reported challenges in 2021.

Design & setting

Qualitative study of senior national stakeholders in primary care in Scotland.

Method

Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 senior primary care national stakeholders in 2016 (n= 6) and 2021 (n= 6).

Results

Predicted challenges in 2016 included balancing intrinsic and extrinsic roles, providing sufficient support, maintaining motivation and direction, and avoiding variation between clusters. Progress of clusters in 2021 was perceived as suboptimal and was reported to vary significantly across the country, reflecting differences in local infrastructure. Practical facilitation (data, administrative support, training, project improvement support, and funded time) and strategic guidance from the Scottish Government was felt to be lacking. GP engagement with clusters was felt to be hindered by the significant time and workforce pressures facing primary care. These barriers were considered as collectively contributing to cluster lead ‘burnout’ and loss of momentum, exacerbated by inadequate opportunities for shared learning between clusters across Scotland. Such barriers preceded, but were perpetuated by, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Apart from the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the challenges reported by stakeholders in 2021 were predicted in 2016. Accelerating progress in cluster working will require renewed investment and support applied consistently across the country.
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AT TECHNICAL RE-EQUIPMENT OF A HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION FACILITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF A FOUNDRY
Authors: Seryh I. , Chernysheva E.
Published: May 2023

When the question of re-equipment of a hazardous production facility is raised, it must first be understood that it should be carried out in the light of the Federal Law on Industrial Safety. Modern enterprises are often equipped with a large number of dangerous equipment, which implies the presence of dangerous technological processes. Other enterprises may use hazardous substances in their production. Unfortunately, such production facilities can pose a danger for their employees and for the entire environment, and therefore for the population living in the danger zone. In addition, the more our industry develops, the more urgent the question of the analysis of such threats becomes. The greatest danger in this case is represented by large technological enterprises, since the more complex the internal production processes, the higher the probability of a disaster or accident. The article presents the results of the examination of the industrial safety of JSC Soyuzhydraulica during the technical re-equipment of the facility. Due to the production necessity, the company is carrying out technical re-equipment, within the framework of which the LK IMPRESS-III casting machine weighing 26 tons is being installed. During the examination, the foundation for the new equipment is developed with the help of the LIRA software package. Recommendations are given on its installation and operating conditions.
Avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos posturais e mastigatórios em cirurgiã dentista com e sem a prática de atividade física: Relato de caso clínico
Authors: Menegazzo Eduarda Betiati , Candido Laís Alves , Silva Bianca Caroline , Bernardino Júnior Roberto
Published: May 2023

A décadas tem-se discutido a prevalência de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados às posturas corporais inerentes às práticas laborais, comuns em profissionais da área de saúde, nos quais diversos músculos como o eretor da espinha, trapézio e masseter podem ter suas funções afetadas. Na busca de minorar tais danos, a prática de atividades físicas regulares surge como um grande aliado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de observar por meio da eletromiografia de superfície o efeito de um dia de trabalho na atividade elétrica de músculos posturais e mastigatórios de cirurgiã dentista antes e após o início da prática habitual de atividade física. A coleta de dados se deu em três momentos distintos: 1- no período matutino, antes do início dos atendimentos; 2- ao final de um dia de trabalho; 3- ao final do dia de trabalho após três meses de início da atividade física de pilates. Os dados foram analisados por meio do root means square. Após a introdução do pilates, a sintomatologia dolorosa inicialmente relatada para os músculos trapézio e masseter diminuiu significativamente. Notou-se que houve uma redução na atividade elétrica dos músculos trapézios da primeira para a terceira coleta, caracterizando o equilíbrio postural. Percebeu-se, também, um aumento significativo nos sinais elétricos dos eretores da espinha em decorrência do seu fortalecimento após as sessões de exercício físico. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o treinamento físico corrige incorreções posturais musculoesqueléticas, reduz mialgias e fatores de risco vinculados a lesões do aparelho locomotor.
The Mechanism of Frabot Test for Uric Acid
Authors: Sánchez-Viesca Francisco , Gómez Reina
Published: May 2023

Uric acid is an Analyte. Excess uric acid ─ hyperuricemia ─ leads to gout and renal stones. Frabot noted that uric acid added to an alkaline tungstate solution developed an intense blue colour. A colorimetric method widely utilized to quantify uric acid depends on the reduction of the chromogen sodium tungstate by uric acid to produce a measurable colour change. The reaction route from the initial products to the coloured compounds and the oxido-degradation of the organic substance has not been advanced. In this communication the electron flow is given in each step of the series of reactions that take place. These are isomerization to imidol, Michael addition to enone, oxirane formation in a redox step, hydrolysis of imido group, oxirane ring opening, ring contraction to five- member ring, ring opening via alkoxide, and finally assisted decarboxylation to the end product, 5-ureido hydantoin (allantoin).
The Role of NGOs for Strengthening ESG in Korean Business Enterprises: With Special Reference to Stakeholder Capitalism
Authors:   The Korean Association 0f Ngo Studies, Lim Hyun-Chin
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the role NGOs play for strenthening ESG in Korean business enterprises. In a global polycrisis, ESG is imperative for companies to adhere to carbon neutrality for future survival. I compare shareholder capitalism and stakeholder capitalism within the analytic framework of political representation system and interest intermediation system. Shareholder capitalism is grounded on free market economy where the state incorporates different group interests based on social pluralism. It is, by and large, characterized by local constituencies within the presidential system. In contrast, stakeholder capitalism runs on coordinated market economy where the relationship between the state and society can be seen as social corporatism. It is usually marked by proportional representation under the parliamentary system. This is one of the reasons why Anglo-Saxon shareholder capitalism needs ESG unlike the European stakeholder capitalism with ESG already embedded. There is a limit to ESG propelled by Korean companies. The most important reason is the fact that business enterprises are not ready to adopt stakeholder capitalism. Although Korean NGOs fall behind business enterprises in many capacities including resources and organization, the latters need to be monitored by the former that enlightens civil society for the understanding of the advantages of stakeholder capitalism. In conclusion, I propose a “critical cooperation” between NGOs and business enterprises for consolidating ESG.
A content analysis of mission and vision statement of NGOs: Focusing on Korean international development NGOs
Authors:   The Korean Association 0f Ngo Studies, Nam Sujung , Song Ji Hye , Ha Kiwook
Published: May 2023

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) express their guiding principles and philosophy by defining their mission and vision. Mission and vision make obvious the social issues that NGOs seek to address. Using them wisely will help NGOs allocate their scarce resources better and improve communication with internal and external stakeholders. Despite the significance of mission and vision, more study focusing on NGOs is still needed. This study examines the mission and vision statements of NGOs working on international development in Korea. All KCOC (Korea NGO Council for Overseas Development Cooperation) member organisations’ missions and vision statements were reviewed for this. Based on the eight components of a mission statement identified by Pearce and David(1987), we examined the mission and vision statements of the international development NGOs in Korea. One of the key findings is that international NGOs and organisations with a lengthy history are more likely to have mission and vision statements. Secondly, the mission and vision statements comprise 4.1 components on average. The contents of the mission and vision statements of national NGOs and organisations founded in the 2000s or later are more diverse. Lastly, the organisation’s mission and vision statements most frequently refer to the organisation’s philosophy. The organization’s target, location, problems to be addressed, services, public images, growth, and technology were followed.
Model Latihan Build Up Pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Futsal SMA (Sekolah Menengah Atas)
Authors: Pathurahman Rizky , Irawan Andri , Sujarwo Sujarwo
Published: May 2023

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model latihan build up pada permainan futsal untuk siswa ekstrakulikuler SMA. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode research and development, yaitu dengan mengembangkan model latihan guna siswa dapat lebih tertarik dan mudah, serta memberikan lebih banyak model dalam latihan guna meningkatkan hasil dari proses latihan. Penelitian ini pada awalnya membuat desain produk sebanyak 15 model latihan kemudian hasil akhir dengan uji justifikasi ahli menjadi 12 model latihan. Berdasarkan uji validasi yang digunakan adalah uji justifikasi para ahli dengan tiga ahli dibidang olahraga futsal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai bahan referensi atau acuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan, keberhasilan dan memberikan variasi build up dalam melakukan strategi menyerang saat situasi permainan. Hasil penelitian ini untuk kedepannya diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan referensi untuk para pelatih dan mahasiswa yang akan mengembangkan model ini dan bagi siswa dalam meningkatkan strategi menyerang dalam permainan futsal.