bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Quantum Dot LEDs for Enhancing Efficiency and Stability in Visible Light Communication
Authors: Xie Qiming
Published: January 2025

From the late 19th and the early 20th, people have focused a lot on the application of radio waves ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz. Different frequency bands are distributed to various applications. However, the limited range of radio frequency (RF) caused the insufficiency of communication resources across various areas of daily life, including military, medical, and other sectors. Engineers have developed numerous methods for managing and efficiently utilizing radio frequencies. Using Visible light Communication (VLC) is a solution to the RF crisis. This passage mainly researches the improvements that Quantum Dot LED(QLED) can do to increase the capability and stability of VLC compared to traditional LEDs. The purpose of this research is to leverage the advantages of QLED over traditional LEDs to address issues encountered in conventional VLC, such as signal quality degradation due to interference between signals and reduced transmission efficiency caused by indoor obstacles. Through a literature review, this paper finds that the various advantages of QLED make it perfectly suited for VLC and enhance its transmission capability.
Analysis of intelligent traffic system and its processing algorithm
Authors: Lu Jian
Published: January 2025

With the continuous development of modern cities, traffic jams have become a growing problem. This paper analyzes and discusses the Intelligent Traffic System (ITS) produced by solving traffic jams. The purpose of this paper is to study the composition algorithms of Intelligent Traffic System, including path planning algorithm, network routing algorithm, and speed guidance algorithm. These three different algorithms make up the Intelligent Traffic System. In this paper, the above three algorithms are introduced and analyzed, and some typical algorithms are selected for analysis and introduction. The challenges encountered in the practical application of Intelligent Traffic System are analyzed, including the limitations of technology, management and policy. The future application trend of Intelligent Traffic System in urban construction is forecasted. Finally, through the integration and application of Intelligent Traffic Systems, the efficiency and quality of urban construction and development can be significantly improved to support the realization of safer and environmentally sustainable Traffic systems.
The profound impact of the greenhouse effect on urban environments based on mechanisms and mitigation strategies
Authors: Wang Yukai
Published: January 2025

As the city of Xi'an expands rapidly, the urban heat island (UHI) effect and the greenhouse effect are becoming more and more pronounced in terms of the city's temperature impact. The dense population in the urban core, coupled with the expanding suburbs, makes the city's climate change particularly dramatic. This study examines how the greenhouse effect is further exacerbating the urban heat island effect in Xi'an, with a particular focus on the impacts on the city's energy demand, public health, and the quality of life of its residents. Based on long-term climate data, pollutant levels and satellite remote sensing analysis, the study shows that urban sprawl and the accumulation of greenhouse gases are clearly leading to an increase in the temperature difference between the city centre and the surrounding areas. These findings not only reveal the causes of localized climate anomalies, but also show increased health risks and energy demand for residents. Through these observations, this paper highlights the strong link between urban planning and climate, and suggests that the necessary measures to address these challenges are to increase green space and promote energy-efficient buildings, measures that are essential to alleviate the problems in Xi'an's urban environment.
Application of the quantum effects of single-electron transistors in low-power
Authors: Wang Qingyu
Published: January 2025

As the feature size of transistors approaches the 2nm limit, quantum effects become more pronounced as a result of devices that cannot work properly. Conventional MOSFET architectures are difficult to solve the problems. Therefore, new transistor architectures need to be developed. As a new transistor architecture, the single-electron transistor (SET) working based on quantum effects and has a very low power consumption. This paper analyzed working principle of single-electron transistor (SET) and compared the advantages of its extremely low power consumption in quantum computing with MOSFET. Although single-electron transistors (SET) have many advantages, there still are some challenges. Such as manufacturing technology, stability and reliability issues. As technology advances, single-electron transistor (SET) is expected to play an important role in the future of electronics.
Computational simulation of the Aerodynamic performance of NACA2412 and NACA25112 in low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Liu Xiran
Published: January 2025

The present study introduces the basic definition of aerofoil and NACA series aerofoil. Then numerically investigates the two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 2412 and NACA 25112 aerofoils at a Reynolds number of 2. 0106. This study utilises the fluid dynamics simulation tool ANSYS Fluent, which is based on the finite volume method, to acquire the necessary data. The geometric model and grid of aerofoil were built with ANSYS Meshing and simulated with the pressure-based solver. In addition, the experimental environment of this study is the inlet speed of 30m/s and the air pressure of 1ATM. The study based on the Nabier-Strokes control equation completes simulation processing with SSTK-Omega. The aerodynamic characteristics of NACA2412 and NACA25112 were compared, including the pressure, velocity distribution map and the lift resistance coefficient change with the angle of attack. These experimental results are presented in the form of graphs. This experiment can be used for subsequent wind tunnel experiments or for developing a new aerofoil.
Application and Analysis of Renewable Energy in Building Energy Efficiency
Authors: Cheng Qian
Published: January 2025

With the severe challenge of global climate change and the increasing energy crisis, the construction industry, as one of the main sources of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, has become particularly critical. Therefore, exploring how to achieve building energy savings through renewable energy has become an urgent and far-reaching research topic. This study aims to discuss the current state, challenges, and potential applications of renewable energy in the building field, by reviewing existing literature and case studies. Additionally, it explores strategies to promote the application of renewable energy in building energy conservation through technological innovation and policy support. After analyzing the existing literature and cases, it is found that the application of renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy in buildings can significantly save energy, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and reduce carbon emissions. Optimizing buildings, including passive design and active system integration, is critical to improving energy efficiency without compromising residential comfort. The intelligent energy management system further improves energy efficiency through real-time monitoring and automatic regulation. Policy and economic incentives have played a key role in promoting the use of renewable energy technologies in buildings.
Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition with Robust CNN Architectures and Adaptive Preprocessing Techniques
Authors: Guo Ao
Published: January 2025

Facial expression recognition (FER) is an essential technology at the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and psychology. This study proposes a novel framework for FER, aiming to improve system robustness and generalization, especially under variable real-world conditions. Using the FER2013 dataset, this research combines an adaptive preprocessing pipeline with a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. Key preprocessing steps include normalization, rotation, and flipping to improve data quality and diversity. The CNN architecture combines regularization methods, including dropout and L2 regularization. Dynamic hyperparameter tuning and early stopping optimize performance and prevent overfitting. Normalized confusion matrix indicating strong recognition for well-represented emotions, such as happiness with 86% accuracy, and challenges with underrepresented categories like disgust. This research aims to contribute to the ongoing development of facial expression recognition systems by enhancing their robustness and generalization. While further refinement is needed, this work provides a step toward more accurate and adaptable FER models, with the potential to support advancements in human-computer interaction and various real-world applications.
Visual Theory and Application of Interaction Design
Authors: Ma Ziyou
Published: January 2025

This paper provides an overview of visual interaction design. It explores the theoretical foundations, key tools, practical applications, current limitations, and prospects. It explores the theoretical foundations, key tools, practical applications, current limitations, and prospects. First, the paper introduces visual interaction design's core concepts and principles. It explains how to use visual elements combined with user behavior to improve user experience. Then, it analyzes popular design tools like Figma, Photoshop, and p5.js, showing their roles in different design stages. Then, it analyzes popular design tools like Figma, Photoshop, and p5.js, showing their roles in different design stages. Next, the paper discusses successful applications of visual interaction design, such as augmented reality, adaptive interfaces, and personalized design, highlighting their impact on enhancing user experience. The paper also addresses limitations, including technical reliance, emotional interaction issues, accessibility challenges, and data privacy concerns. The paper also addresses limitations, including technical reliance, emotional interaction issues, accessibility challenges, and data privacy concerns. It aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for designers and researchers, helping them understand and apply visual interaction design to enhance user experience.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОЗДАНИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ПРОТЕЗА КИСТИ РУКИ
Authors: Савельева E.В.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматривается алгоритм автоматизированного проектирования механического протеза верхней конечности с использованием современной системы автоматизированного проектирования Autodesk Fusion 360. Основной целью последних мировых разработок является стремление воплотить в протезе все функции живой руки или ноги. Подавляющее большинство людей могут позволить себе только косметические протезы, которые не только не восстанавливают функции человеческой руки, но и чаще всего неэстетичны из-за некачественного исполнения. Протезирование людей с ампутированными конечностями является важной частью медицинской и социальной реабилитации. Повышение качества протеза ведет к более комфортной жизни пациента, разработка направлена на расширение возможностей протеза кисти человека. Моделирование динамических характеристик протезов различного назначения на этапе проектирования является актуальной задачей для конструкторов: оно позволяет определить, насколько эффективно спроектированный протез будет функционировать в реальных условиях и при необходимости принять меры для обеспечения правильной работы, прочности и долговечности. Созданная трехмерная параметрическая динамическая модель протеза руки может быть использована при изготовлении современных протезов.
Developing a Risk Score for Predicting Multiple Revision Surgeries in Patients With Fracture-Related Infections
Authors: Yeager Matthew T. , Gross Evan G. , Rutz Robert W. , Benson Elizabeth Marks , Carter Karen J. , Strother Ellyn , Spitler Clay A. , Johnson Joey P.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Postoperative infections are a leading cause of morbidity following fracture repair. The purpose of this study is to develop a risk score predicting fracture-related infection (FRI) that will require one versus multiple revision surgeries related to infection eradication and bone healing.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single level I trauma center from 2013 to 2020. Adults with FRIs were identified through review of an institutional database on musculoskeletal infections maintained jointly by the infectious disease division and the orthopaedic surgery department. Inclusion criteria were surgically managed fracture of the humerus, olecranon, radius/ulna, clavicle, pelvis, femur, tibia/fibula, and calcaneus with an FRI and adequate documentation present in the electronic medical record. Exclusion criteria included infected chronic osteomyelitis from a non–fracture-related pathology and follow-up less than 6 months. Risk factors leading to multiple surgeries in FRIs, including demographics, comorbidities, injury characteristics, perioperative data, and microbiology, were recorded. Logistic regression was done to select variables predictive of multiple revision surgeries. Four prespecified methods of covariate selection were used.

Results:

Eighty-eight patients underwent one FRI revision surgery, whereas 208 patients underwent two or more revision surgeries. From multivariable logistic regression, age older than 45 years (P < 0.001), purulent drainage at infection presentation (P < 0.001), and incomplete bone union at infection presentation (P = 0.013) were all markedly associated with multiple revision surgeries. The model of best fit was used to generate the risk score (area under ROC curve = 0.789). Variables included in the final risk score were age ≥ 45 years, purulent drainage, incomplete bony union, and wound dehiscence at infection presentation.

Conclusion:

This study described a risk score for predicting multiple revision surgeries in patients with infection following fracture repair. Age older than 45 years, purulent drainage, and incomplete bony union at infection presentation were all markedly associated with multiple infection revision surgeries.

Level of evidence:

III
Risk Factors for Limb Amputations in Modern Warfare Trauma: New Perspectives
Authors: Shapira Shachar , Goldman Sharon , Givon Adi , Katorza Eldad , Dudkiewicz Israel , Epstein Danny , Prat Dan
Published: January 2025

Background:

In modern conflicts, extremities are mainly affected, with limb amputations required for approximately 5% of severely injured combatants and 7% of those with serious limb injuries. Amputations are some of the most challenging injuries endured by survivors, significantly affecting the patients and the healthcare system. This study aims to describe the rates, characteristics, and risk factors of limb amputations in patients with serious extremity trauma during the 2023 conflict in Israel.

Methods:

This nationwide retrospective cohort study, based on the Israel National Trauma Registry, includes all patients with serious extremity injuries (abbreviated injury score ≥3) from October 7 to December 31, 2023. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as outcomes of patients with limb amputations were compared with those who were not amputated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for amputations.

Results:

Among the 1,815 combat-related casualties, 1,318 (72.6%) sustained extremity injuries, and 451 (24.8%) had serious limb injuries. Most patients with severe limb injuries were young males, with 287 of 451 being soldiers. 150 of 451 were injured by explosions, and 158 of 451 had severe and critical injuries (ISS ≥16). Of 451 patients, 52 (11.5%) underwent limb amputations (43 lower limbs, eight upper limbs, and one both). Amputees were significantly more likely to be injured by explosions (76.9% vs. 27.6%, P < 0.001), have an ISS of ≥16 (75.0% vs. 29.8%, P < 0.001), and have polytrauma (46.1% vs. 27.1%, P = 0.004). Independent risk factors for amputation included explosions (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 9.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.83 to 21.32, P < 0.001), fasciotomy (aOR 8.51, 95% CI 2.82 to 25.74, P < 0.001), and polytrauma (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.78, P = 0.04). Vascular injuries were not associated with amputations (aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.85, P = 0.72).

Conclusions:

In recent conflicts, amputation rates have risen, likely due to increased tissue destruction from modern weaponry and improved survival rates among severely injured patients. Those with multiple severe injuries, blast injuries, or requiring fasciotomies face a higher risk of amputation.
Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Digital terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi Siswa
Authors: Meliana Made , Suwindia I Gede , Winangun I Made Ari
Published: January 2025

Tidak sedikit sekolah masih mengandalkan metode tradisional dalam proses pembelajaran, yang mungkin tidak memadai untuk mengembangkan potensi siswa dalam literasi dan numerasi di era digital yang semakin kompleks saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis digital.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis jurnal-jurnal dalam kurun waktu 2019-2024 terkait peningkatan kemampuan literasi numerasi melalui media pembelajaran berbasis digital. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis digital dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa secara  efektif. Penggunaan media pembelajaran digital dapat menarik minat siswa serta meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya pengembangan dan penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis digital untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa.
The Influence Of Social Media on Msme Product Marketing: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Purba Irmawati , Meisarah Taurel , Ingtyas Fatma Tresno , Ginting Laurena
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of social media on the marketing of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The study employs a meta-analysis method by reviewing several articles from national journals accessible online through Google Scholar. The meta-analysis uses a sample of 15 relevant articles from national journals focusing on the impact of social media on MSME product marketing from 2020 to 2024. Based on data from the 15 journals, the findings reveal that social media significantly positively impacts MSME product marketing. It demonstrates that social media plays a crucial role in increasing product awareness and reaching a broader audience. Social media enables MSMEs to promote their products more creatively, visually, and interactively, resulting in more effective sales growth.
Supervisi Klinis Konvergensi untuk Meningkatkan Profesional Guru dalam Menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya pada Pembelajaran Berdeferensiasi di SMP Negeri 6 Sidoarjo
Authors: Wahyulianti Dwi , Sholeh Muhammad , Murtadlo Murtadlo
Published: January 2025

Kurikulum Merdeka dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik dari berbagai latar belakang, dengan tujuan menghasilkan individu yang mandiri dan mampu menghadapi tantangan kehidupan di masa depan. Proses pembelajaran yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan ini adalah pembelajaran berdeferensiasi, yang menjadi fokus utama dalam implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Pembelajaran berdeferensiasi mengakomodasi berbagai kebutuhan peserta didik, dan praktik baiknya dapat ditemukan melalui aplikasi PMM (Platform Merdeka Mengajar). Keterampilan bertanya menjadi salah satu hal yang dibutuhkan untuk dapat mengeksplore kebutuhan belajar peserta didik yang beragam. Keberhasilan implementasi ini dapat diukur melalui rapor pendidikan, dengan salah satu indikatornya adalah kualitas pembelajaran. Asesmen nasional yang meliputi AKM, survei karakter, dan survei lingkungan belajar digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan literasi, numerasi, karakter, serta iklim keamanan dan kebhinekaan di sekolah. Kepala sekolah berperan sebagai supervisor yang membantu guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Salah satu langkah yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kualitas pembelajaran tersebut adalah melalui supervisi klinis. Dengan supervisi ini, diharapkan guru dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran dan mencapai hasil yang optimal sesuai dengan prinsip Kurikulum Merdeka, yakni memenuhi kebutuhan setiap peserta didik secara individual.
Karateristik Media Penyiaran TVRI Medan dalam Membangunkesatuan di Sumatera Utara
Authors: Manurung Afwan Syahril , Ritonga Nur Ainun Ghoisani , Lubis Muhammad Arif
Published: January 2025

This article uses qualitative research with a content study approach to analyze the characteristics of the TVRI North Sumatra broadcast media and its role in forming and strengthening unity in Medan, North Sumatra. This study aims to explore information about programs, news, and the social impact of content broadcasted by TVRI Medan. The data collection techniques used in this study were content analysis and in-depth interviews with TVRI Medan personnel. Content analysis was used to examine the various types of programs broadcasted, as well as to assess the diversity and quality of information provided. In-depth interviews were conducted to gain deeper insight from TVRI Medan staff and personnel regarding the program creation process and its impact on viewers. The data analysis technique used was thematic analysis, which focused on identifying the main themes in the broadcast content, and how these themes can influence viewers and play a role in strengthening unity and togetherness in the North Sumatra community. Data obtained from content analysis and interviews were analyzed to find the relationship between broadcast programs, local cultural diversity, and their impact on public perception. The results of the study indicate that TVRI Medan plays a significant role in promoting local culture, as well as acting as a means to strengthen unity in society through the delivery of information and entertainment
Public Relations Management in Developing Marketing of Islamic Education Institutions at IIBS Ar-Rohmah Pesantren Putri II Malang
Authors: Rikza Ammaziroh  , Khairunisyah Abrarrah  , Muhammad Amin Nur
Published: January 2025

Public relations is the most important part of educational institutions, therefore the quality of management and marketing in an educational institution is one of the important factors in the quality assurance indicators of learning and education. Educational institutions have an important urgency in communicating their goals to the community. The role of public relations as a communicator, building a school image, and marketing. This article aims to describe the management of public relations in developing the marketing of IIBS Ar-Rohmah II Putri Malang boarding school. The method used in this research is qualitative with the type of case study. The data collection techniques are interviews with informants, direct presence in the field for observation, and documentation sources from various reports. The results showed that public relations management consists of public relations planning which includes planning ideas with the main elements of market identification and segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Implementation of public relations consists of coordination between the public relations team and the content creator team then implementing activities under the previous plan. Public relations evaluation consists of two phases, namely the unit evaluation phase and the central evaluation.
Strengthening Madrasah Organizational Culture: Integration of Religious Values in Character Education in Madrasah
Authors: Kholifah Khusnul , Fanani Ahmad Aziz , Hidayah Fathi , Bannaga Taha Elzubair Hussen  , Baharun Hasan
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate (1) curriculum integration, (2) values that are the basis of the learning process, (3) activities/programs developed, and (4) the involvement of parents and the community in character education in madrasas. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach, with data collected from school principals, teachers, students, madrasah staff, and official madrasah documents. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The data that has been collected is analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of the study show that (1) the integration of the curriculum in Madrasah Ibtida'iyah Banyuwangi has succeeded in combining religious values in each subject, (2) the values that are the basis of the learning process, such as honesty and responsibility, are applied in various subjects, (3) activities/programs such as Tahfidz Qur'an and other extracurricular activities support the development of students' character, and (4) the involvement of parents and the community significantly supports strengthening student character education. So, to ensure the validity of the findings, data triangulation techniques are used to compare information from different sources and data collection methods. These results emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to character education based on religious values involving various education components.
Operational Elements and Website Promotion Strategy of 10 Best Islamic High Schools in Indonesia: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Harida Ratri , Eko Sujianto Agus , Masrokan Muntohar Prim
Published: January 2025

School principals need to be aware of the competitive sector of madrasah marketing management, which includes the usage of websites. Using advertising strategies and operational components on madrasah websites might be an intelligent strategy to get an advantage in the educational field. The MA websites are to be described in this descriptive qualitative study based on their operational elements and promotional strategy. It also seeks to determine whether the features on the school website aligned with its primary objective of promoting marketing and information about the madrasa. Based on the findings, the order of the percentage of the presence of elements on each school website is as follows:  elements for operational purposes (100%), elements for promotional purposes (85%),  elements for non-operational and promotional purposes (83%), and elements that serve both operational and promotional purposes (78%). It can be concluded that the features on the 10 MAN website align with its main objective of facilitating information and marketing for the madras.
Systematic Literature Review: The Obstacles of Madrasah Aliyah Students Facing Maharatul Qiraah
Authors: Aulia Robithah , Sauri Sofyan , Sopian Asep
Published: January 2025

Reading proficiency is one of the important aspects of language learning. Arabic language assessment is also assessed through the individual's reading proficiency. Obstacles found in one Arabic language learning proficiency are aspects that need to be considered. Students experience obstacles that affect their learning achievement. Having an in-depth identification of the problems of maharah qiraah will make it easier for teachers to teach Arabic. This study uses a qualitative approach with a systematic literature review method. Data sources are obtained from the results of research conducted by other researchers. This is done so that researchers can access more information about the problems of maharah qiraah. To produce relevant research, researchers select articles published in the last five years. Data search uses "Publish or Perish" and also "Google Scholar." Data selection is based on keywords that researchers have determined. Data collected through the two software programs will be selected for as many as seven studies. The selection is based on three important aspects, namely topic relevance, research quality, and also the year of publication. The obstacles faced by both teachers and students are equally important to know. Achievement in learning does not only depend on the teacher but also the students. Each component is involved in achieving learning goals. One of the things that teachers can do to improve students' reading skills is to implement peer groups so that they can improve each other's reading. This study is expected to help teachers find the right solution in dealing with the problem of maharah qiraah
Service Innovation Model on Memorable Tourism Experiences for Active Elderly Walking Route: A Service Design Perspective
Authors: Yeh Nai-Hui , Yang Chia-Han
Published: January 2025

With the global population aging, a growing number of retired seniors seek meaningful and enriching tourism experiences that align with their interests and life stage. This study investigates the factors contributing to memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) for active elderly, using the MTE scale, which encompasses seven dimensions: hedonism, refreshment, meaningfulness, local culture, involvement, knowledge, and novelty. Focusing on walking routes in Tainan, this research explores how these dimensions shape the experiences of active elderly. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and participant observations, targeting active elderly aged 65 to 74. The findings reveal that knowledge acquisition, cultural immersion, and personal fulfillment are the most valued elements. Sensory engagement and interaction with knowledgeable tour guides were noted as critical factors enhancing the memorability of experiences. Participants expressed a desire for longer, reflective tours that balance cognitive stimulation with physical needs. This study addresses the gap in research on senior tourism, particularly in designing tailored services for active elderly. The research provides insights into the role of service design in creating personalized tourism experiences that meet the aspirations of this demographic. These findings contribute to both the academic understanding of memorable tourism and practical guidelines for the tourism industry to enhance cultural tourism offerings for active retirees
Normative Grounds and Scope of Rural and Disadvantaged Areas in Northern Bulgaria
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Boykova Beatris
Published: January 2025

This paper specifies the place of rural and disadvantaged areas in EU regional policy, as well as the regulatory framework for defining certain areas in Northern Bulgaria as rural and disadvantaged. Attention is also paid to the spatial scope of rural and disadvantaged areas in Northern Bulgaria and their overlap in territorial terms.
The Question of Bulgaria’s Future Capital in the Decades before Its Liberation (1860–1878)
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Yordanov Dragomir
Published: January 2025

The question of the various proposals for a future capital of independent Bulgaria during the 60s and 70s of the 19th century (before the country’s liberation from the Ottoman Empire) is yet to be fully resolved by Bulgarian historians. The available information on the subject is partially based on personal opinions (of both Bulgarian and foreign authors) and partially recorded in official documents like projects and contracts. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with those various proposals and to analyse their chances. The proposals are divided and studied into two groups – Bulgarian ones and foreign ones. In the decades prior to Bulgaria’s liberation, a total of six proposals for the future capital of the country were discussed, namely Ruse, Tarnovo, Sofia, Plovdiv, Edirne, and Thessaloniki, but even as late as 1879 nothing had been decided yet. Ultimately, the problem was solved by the Bulgarian population itself, at the Constituent Assembly in Tarnovo, where Sofia was chosen as the capital of the Principality of Bulgaria.
DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP ETNIS ROHINGYA SEBAGAI TANTANGAN TERHADAP DEMOKRASI DAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DI MYANMAR
Authors: Aisyah Dwi Aprilia  , Ihfadzillah Yahfadzka  , Haura Clarinta Milandrina  , Nurul Rahmadhani Kusumaningrum  , Syifa Fauziah  , Ridwan
Published: January 2025

Diskriminasi terhadap etnis Rohingya di Myanmar telah menjadi permasalahan serius yang mencerminkan kegagalan negara tersebut dalam menerapkan demokrasi dan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akar diskriminasi terhadap Rohingya, dampaknya pada proses demokratisasi, serta respons internasional terhadap krisis ini. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berbasis kajian literatur, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kebijakan diskriminatif seperti pencabutan kewarganegaraan melalui Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan 1982 dan pembatasan akses layanan dasar telah memarjinalkan Rohingya secara sistematis. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang meluas, termasuk kekerasan terorganisir dan pengusiran massal, telah menghambat upaya Myanmar untuk mencapai demokrasi yang inklusif. Di tingkat internasional, berbagai langkah seperti pemberian sanksi ekonomi, resolusi PBB, dan bantuan kemanusiaan telah dilakukan. Namun, upaya ini belum efektif, terutama karena dinamika geopolitik dan dukungan negara-negara besar terhadap pemerintah Myanmar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya reformasi kebijakan domestik yang mendukung kesetaraan, penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia, dan penghentian diskriminasi berbasis agama dan etnis. Pendekatan holistik yang mencakup dialog antaragama, pendidikan keberagaman, serta tekanan internasional yang lebih terkoordinasi diperlukan untuk mencapai solusi yang berkeadilan dan mendorong stabilitas di kawasan tersebut.
GELENEKSEL OLMAYAN TELİF HAKLARI VE BU KAPSAMDA AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ NEZDİNDE VERİLMİŞ BAZI KARARLARIN TÜRK HUKUKU KAPSAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Etan Aslı
Published: January 2025

Telif hakları, eser sahiplerinin, yarattıkları fikir ve sanat eserleri üzerindeki münhasır haklarını koruma fonksiyonuna sahip olup, fikir ve sanat eserleri hukukunun yapı taşlarından biridir. Geleneksel anlamda eser olarak kabul edilen, kitap, şarkı, resim gibi fikir ve sanat mahsullerinin yanı sıra teknolojinin gelişmesiyle bilgisayar programları hem uluslararası antlaşmalarda hem ulusal mevzuatlarda korunmaktadır. Ancak geleneksel olarak eser mahiyetinde kabul edilen ve telif hakkı koruması bahşedilen söz konusu tüm fikir ve sanat mahsullerinin ortak özelliği görsel veya işitsel olarak algılanmalarının mümkün olmasıdır.
Rekabetin yoğun olduğu kozmetik veya gastronomi sektöründe yaratıcılar oluşturdukları mahsulleri mümkün olan her şekilde korumak istemektedir. Tam da bu noktada, parfümlerin veya şeflerin yemeklerinin kopyalanmasının önüne geçmek için geleneksel telif hukuku kuralları yetersiz kalabilmektedir.
İşbu makalede Avrupa Birliği nezdinde verilen kararlar ışığında koku ve tat alma duyuları ile algılanabilen ürünlerin eser mahiyeti ve bu kapsamda telif hakkı korumasından yararlanıp yararlanamayacağı üzerinde durulacaktır.
RF System Advancements for Satellite and Space Communications: Integrating AI with High-Frequency and Hybrid Systems
Authors: Jangale Pratik , Sayed Aqsa
Published: January 2025

With the rapid evolution of satellite
communications, the use of advanced radio
frequency (RF) systems has become pivotal in
addressing emerging challenges. High-frequency
bands, such as millimeter-wave (mmWave) and
terahertz (THz), enable high-throughput data
transmission but introduce new complexities such as
Doppler shifts and signal degradation. Hybrid
satellite-terrestrial networks are expanding the
possibilities for 5G and 6G backhauls, while low

Earth orbit (LEO) constellations improve latency-
sensitive applications. This paper explores RF

system advancements, including beamforming,
MIMO, and AI-driven optimizations. Additionally,
it discusses challenges like energy efficiency,
atmospheric attenuation, and spectrum
management. The paper concludes with insights into

future trends such as quantum RF systems, deep-
space communications, and reconfigurable

intelligent surfaces.
Keywords – Satellite Communications, RF Systems,
Millimeter-Wave, Terahertz, Beamforming, AI-Driven
Optimization, Hybrid Networks, Non-Terrestrial
Networks (NTN), Cognitive Radios, Network Slicing,
LEO Satellites, 5G/6G Backhaul, Doppler Mitigation,
Energy-Efficient RF.
Need of Good Samaritan Law for Increasing Willingness of Bystanders to Assist Victims of RTA
Authors:   Department of Public Health, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru,  Karnataka, India, Krishnaswamy Dr Savitha
Published: January 2025

Road traffic accidents are a silent pandemic especially in a country like India where urbanization has been happening
on a large scale recently and most of the population travel to cities for employment, education etc. which cannot be
averted. The worst hit are major cities like Mumbai, Chennai and other metropolitan cities where accidents claim
several lives and also cause disability in other cases, either short term or permanent. The price which is paid by the
affected person cannot be estimated just on a monetary basis as it affects the overall quality of life of not just the
person but also of the family members. Even people who are willing to assist accident victims are reluctant due to
several factors; few of them being legal hassles and the fear of detention at the hospitals. Hence this paper will focus
on the present need of good Samaritan laws and their appropriate enforcement for increasing the willingness of
bystanders to assist RTA victims, as this is the solution until such accidents can be averted as a whole.
Key Words: Road traffic accident (RTA), Samaritan law, golden hour, trauma, emergency
Waste Management System ECOSORT -AI
Authors: M Sahana Sharma , Patil Ankita S , H Raksha , Singh Sameer
Published: January 2025

Abstract- Efficient waste management is crucial for sustainable urban living. However, challenges such as improper
segregation, low recycling rates, and reliance on manual systems hinder progress toward environmental goals. This
paper introduces EcoSort AI, an AI-driven waste management solution that combines computer vision, IoT
technologies, and machine learning to automate and optimize waste segregation. Leveraging convolutional neural
networks (CNNs), the system identifies, classifies, and sorts waste materials into appropriate categories, ensuring
improved recycling rates and reduced landfill burden. EcoSort AI features IoT-enabled smart bins for real-time
classification and integrates seamlessly into existing urban infrastructures. Experimental results demonstrate significant
improvements in sorting accuracy, efficiency, and public engagement.
Index Terms- Waste segregation, artificial intelligence, IoT-enabled bins, CNNs, smart cities, recycling optimization,
sustainable development.
Optimization of Material Removal Rate in EDM Machining of OHNS Steel
Authors: Sathe Yogesh U , Somavanshi Pawan D , Kauthalkar Sagar
Published: January 2025

The experimental investigation of material removal rate during machining of OHNS steel using EDM
machine was study in this paper. The input parameters include peak current, pulse on time, Pulse off time were
used for experimental work S/N ratio graphs have been used to optimize the machining parameters of EDM on
OHNS steel using the Taguchi method and ANOVA methods. The study will carry out to investigate the effect of
which parameter has the largest effect on the material removal rate of OHNS steel by machining. The optimum
machining condition for material removal rate (MRR) has been find out with the ANOVA analysis and regression
equation.
This study is carried out by using the experimental investigation method and Taguchi analysis, at the end of this
study we come to the conclusion of optimum conditions of the machining for OHNS material.
Key Words: S/N, ANOVA, MRR, Taguchi, EDM, OHNS.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AIMED AT IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF LAND USE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Vikin Sergey , Ershova Natal'ya , Baryshnikova Oksana
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes land legislation aimed at involving inefficiently used land plots in economic circulation. Rosreestr's proposals to justify signs of non-use of land plots are being considered.
MODERN METHODS OF FORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Authors: Dzhafarov Vagif , Kutavin Igor'
Published: January 2025

Each agricultural landscape is characterized by a unique set of components and their properties, which makes it possible to determine the optimal level of economic load. This level contributes to the high productivity of agrocenoses without destroying the mobile stability in nature. Therefore, in order to achieve a solid and reliable development of agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to carry out an environmental and economically beneficial indicator of production activity based on the required values.
However, the dynamic studies of agrolandscapes and the increasing demand for this topic, an integral part of the balance of the agrolandscape remains poorly researched and controversial.
Ankara Koşullarında Bazı Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Çeşitlerinde Organomineral Gübre Uygulanmasının Verim ve Verim Ögeleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Yurtseven Gamze , İkincikarakaya Saime , Bulguer Semra
Published: January 2025

Bu araştırma, Ankara ili Haymana ilçesinde Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği İkizce deneme arazilerinde 2023 üretim sezonunda yazlık ekim olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; yemeklik tane baklagiller içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan, kuru tarım alanlarında buğday ile ekim nöbetine girerek yaygın olarak kullanılan nohutta, uygulanacak organomineral gübrelerin verim ve verim ögeleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş deneme; alt parsellere yazlık ve kurağa toleranslı 4 nohut çeşidi (Atabay, Aydoğan, Göktürk ve Karlı), ana parsellere içerikleri farklı Toros Gübre firması tarafından geliştirilen organomineral gübreler (Kontrol, DAP, Organomineral Süper, ve Organomineral Power) gelecek şekilde yürütülmüştür. Hasat döneminde her parseli temsil edecek şekilde 10 adet bitkide; bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitki tane sayısı, bitki tane verimi ölçülmüş, parseller hasat edildikten sonra ise 100 tane ağırlığı ve birim alan tane verimi belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; 100 tane ağırlığı (44 g), bitki boyu (48.3 cm), bitkide bakla sayısı (42.8 adet) bakımından Aydoğan nohut çeşidi Organomineral Power gübre uygulamasında en yüksek değerlere ulaşırken; Karlı nohut çeşidi Organomineral Power gübre uygulamasında diğer gübre uygulamalarına ve diğer çeşitlere göre ortalama 124.6 kg da-1 tane verimi ile en fazla tane verimine ulaşmıştır. Bu araştırma iki yıl süreyle yürütülecektir. Birinci yıl sonuçlarına göre, nohutta İç Anadolu Bölgesi koşullarında organomineral gübre uygulamalarının nohutta verim ve verim öğeleri üzerinde olumlu yönde etkili olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.
Does economic infrastructure promote economic development in Assam? A comparative study with India based on causality and cointegration approach
Authors: Patowary Mridusmita , Baruah Nayanmoni Borgohain
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of economic infrastructure and its sub-categories (Power, Rail, and Road) on economic development in Assam from 1990 to 2021, compared to India. The NITI Aayog recently released the SDG report 2023-24, revealing that Assam continues to lag behind other states and the national average in infrastructure development (SDG 9). We constructed the Economic Development Index and Economic Infrastructure Index using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Johansen’s cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were employed to examine long- and short-term relationships, with Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Population as control variables. Granger causality and Variance Decomposition Analysis further evaluated the direction and significance of effects. Results show that infrastructure positively affects development in Assam in the short and long-term, with a significant role from Gross Fixed Capital Formation. Granger causality confirms a two-way relationship, consistent with Wagner’s Law and endogenous growth theory for Assam, while India shows a stronger infrastructure impact. Economic infrastructure plays a critical role in Assam’s economic development, highlighting the need for targeted investments. Prioritizing infrastructure, especially Power and Rail, is essential for Assam’s sustainable development, helping it to align with national development standards.
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Sikap Bidan dalam Mengatasi Gangguan Neuromusculoskeletal pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Prafitri Lia Dwi , Ersila Wahyu
Published: January 2025

Gangguan neuromusculoskeletal dapat menimbulkan permasalahan pada ibu hamil seperti kerusakan saraf dan pembuluh darah pada bagian leher, bahu, pergelangan tangan, pinggul, lutut, dan tumit. Apabila gangguan neuromusculoskeletal tidak teratasi dengan baik maka ibu hamil akan mengalami gangguan rasa nyaman yang menyebabkan stress, insomnia, dan gangguan tidur serta permasalahan pada gangguan pernafasan. Sikap bidan sebagai pemberi asuhan kehamilan dalam mengatasi gangguan neuromusculoskeletal sangat penting dalam memberikan kenyamanan dan keamanan ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan sikap bidan dalam pencegahan gangguan neuromusculoskeletal pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan jenis penelitian analitik menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan proporsional random sampling sejumlah 100 bidan. Peneliti melakukan wawancara tertutup menggunakan kuesioner dengan google formulir. Analisa data menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan sikap bidan dalam mengatasi gangguan neuromusculoskeletal yaitu status pernikahan (p value 0,002), tempat kerja (p value 0,008), dan motivasi (p value 0,012). Sedangkan faktor status kepegawaian (p value 0,807) dan masa kerja (p value 0,566) tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan sikap bidan dalam mengatasi gangguan neuromuscu oskeletal. Kekuatan hubungan dari hasil nilai OR dari yang terbesar adalah motivasi (OR 4,431), tempat kerja (OR 3,821), dan status pernikahan (OR 3,263). Nilai OR terbesar adalah motivasi, sehingga faktor yang paling dominan terhadap sikap bidan dalam mengatasi gangguan neuromusculoskeletal pada ibu hamil adalah motivasi. Bidan diharapkan dapat selalu memberikan sikap yang baik pada saat memberikan asuhan kehamilan sebagai upaya dalam mencegah dan mengatasi gangguan neuromusculoskeletal.