bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of a critical charge mode in a strange metal
Authors: Kobayashi Hisao , Sakaguchi Yui , Kitagawa Hayato , Oura Momoko , Ikeda Shugo , Kuga Kentaro , Suzuki Shintaro , Nakatsuji Satoru , Masuda Ryo , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Seto Makoto , Yoda Yoshitaka , Tamasaku Kenji , Komijani Yashar , Chandra Premala , Coleman Piers
Published: March 2023

Understanding the strange metallic behavior that develops at the brink of localization in quantum materials requires probing the underlying electronic charge dynamics. Using synchrotron radiation–based Mössbauer spectroscopy, we studied the charge fluctuations of the strange metal phase of β-YbAlB
4
as a function of temperature and pressure. We found that the usual single absorption peak in the Fermi-liquid regime splits into two peaks upon entering the critical regime. We interpret this spectrum as a single nuclear transition, modulated by nearby electronic valence fluctuations whose long time scales are further enhanced by the formation of charged polarons. These critical charge fluctuations may prove to be a distinct signature of strange metals.
USB1 is a miRNA deadenylase that regulates hematopoietic development
Authors: Jeong Ho-Chang , Shukla Siddharth , Fok Wilson Chun , Huynh Thao Ngoc , Batista Luis Francisco Zirnberger , Parker Roy
Published: March 2023

Mutations in the 3′ to 5′ RNA exonuclease USB1 cause hematopoietic failure in poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN). Although USB1 is known to regulate U6 small nuclear RNA maturation, the molecular mechanism underlying PN remains undetermined, as pre-mRNA splicing is unaffected in patients. We generated human embryonic stem cells harboring the PN-associated mutation c.531_delA in USB1 and show that this mutation impairs human hematopoiesis. Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) levels in USB1 mutants during blood development contribute to hematopoietic failure, because of a failure to remove 3′-end adenylated tails added by PAPD5/7. Modulation of miRNA 3′-end adenylation through genetic or chemical inhibition of PAPD5/7 rescues hematopoiesis in USB1 mutants. This work shows that USB1 acts as a miRNA deadenylase and suggests PAPD5/7 inhibition as a potential therapy for PN.
Ecosystem-based management outperforms species-focused stocking for enhancing fish populations
Authors: Radinger Johannes , Matern Sven , Klefoth Thomas , Wolter Christian , Feldhege Fritz , Monk Christopher T. , Arlinghaus Robert
Published: March 2023

Ecosystem-based management is costly. Therefore, without rigorously showing that it can outperform traditional species-focused alternatives, its broad-scale adoption in conservation is unlikely. We present a large-scale replicated and controlled set of whole-lake experiments in fish conservation (20 lakes monitored over 6 years with more than 150,000 fish sampled) to examine the outcomes of ecosystem-based habitat enhancement (coarse woody habitat addition and shallow littoral zone creation) versus a widespread, species-focused alternative that has long dominated fisheries management practice (i.e., fish stocking). Adding coarse woody habitats alone did not, on average, enhance fish abundance, but creating shallow water habitat consistently did, especially for juvenile fish. Species-focused fish stocking completely failed. We provide strong evidence questioning the performance of species-focused conservation actions in aquatic ecosystems and instead recommend ecosystem-based management of key habitats.
Abiotic peptides as carriers of information for the encoding of small-molecule library synthesis
Authors: Rössler Simon L. , Grob Nathalie M. , Buchwald Stephen L. , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: March 2023

Encoding small-molecule information in DNA has been leveraged to accelerate the discovery of ligands for therapeutic targets such as proteins. However, oligonucleotide-based encoding is hampered by inherent limitations of information stability and density. In this study, we establish abiotic peptides for next-generation information storage and apply them for the encoding of diverse small-molecule synthesis. The chemical stability of the peptide-based tag allows the use of palladium-mediated reactions to efficiently synthesize peptide-encoded libraries (PELs) with broad chemical diversity and high purity. We demonstrate the successful de novo discovery of small-molecule protein ligands from PELs by affinity selection against carbonic anhydrase IX and the oncogenic protein targets BRD4(1) and MDM2. Collectively, this work establishes abiotic peptides as carriers of information for the encoding of small-molecule synthesis, leveraged herein for the discovery of protein ligands.
Peptide barcodes meet drug discovery
Authors: Haap Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

Small-molecule libraries encoded by peptide tags may accelerate the search for therapeutics
Characterization of the Dynamic Changes of Ruminal Microbiota Colonizing Citrus Pomace Waste during Rumen Incubation for Volatile Fatty Acid Production
Authors: Yu Shiqiang , Li Liuxue , Zhao Huiying , Tu Yan , Liu Ming , Jiang Linshu , Zhao Yuchao
Published: March 2023

As a natural fermentation system, the rumen ecosystem of ruminants can efficiently degrade plant cellulose, indicating that the rumen microbiome offers an opportunity for anaerobic digestion to utilize biomass wastes containing cellulose. Knowledge of the response of the
in situ
microbial community to citrus pomace during anaerobic fermentation will help improve the current understanding of citrus biomass waste utilization.
Despite Shared Geography, Campylobacter Isolated from Surface Water Are Genetically Distinct from Campylobacter Isolated from Chickens
Authors: Meinersmann Richard J. , Berrang Mark E. , Shariat Nikki W. , Richards Amber , Miller William G.
Published: March 2023

Campylobacter jejuni
causes gastroenteritis in humans, and chickens and environmental water are leading sources of infection. We tested the hypothesis that
Campylobacter
isolated from chicken ceca and river water in an overlapping geographic area would share genetic information.
Fossil divergent double-subduction zone in the Great Xing’an Range, NE China: Evidence from a deep seismic reflection profile
Authors: Tan Xiao-Miao , Gao Rui , Zhou Jian-Bo , Wilde Simon A. , Hou He-Sheng , Wang Hai-Yan , Qi Rui , Li Wen-Hui
Published: March 2023

Divergent double-subduction is an important component of plate tectonics and continental growth at modern active convergent margins. However, such a process is rarely identified by deep seismic reflection (DSR) profiles, which casts doubt on its past significance. We report here a 416 km DSR profile of large dynamite shots across the Great Xing’an Range (NE China), which shows multiple arc-shaped reflections in the upper-middle crust of the Xing’an terrane, and densely layered reflection structures suggesting tectonic nappes in the lower crust. This new evidence, together with recent geological studies, indicates that the Xing’an terrane may not be a micro-continental block as previously thought, but a Paleozoic accretionary complex. In addition, there is a strong west-dipping reflection at the boundary between the Xing’an and Erguna terranes in the western DSR profile extending from the lower crust to the lithospheric mantle, suggesting that this fossil subduction zone is most likely the Toudaoqiao-Xinlin suture, which separates the Xing’an and Erguna terranes. In addition, an east-dipping strong reflection was also found in the eastern profile between the Xing’an and Songliao terranes, corresponding to the Hegenshan-Nenjiang suture at the surface. Given the newly identified crust-mantle structure, the opposite subduction zone, and other geological evidence, we propose a new model that the Xing’an terrane was developed by divergent double-subduction of the Paleo-Xing’an Ocean (part of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the area) from ca. 500 Ma to ca. 300 Ma. Our study provides the first DSR evidence for a divergent double-subduction in the Paleozoic, which emphasizes its importance in past accretionary orogens.
Shortcut in codimension-2 brane cosmology in light of GW170817
Authors: Lin Zi-Chao , Yu Hao , Liu Yu-Xiao
Published: March 2023

In this paper, our universe is regarded as a codimension-2 brane embedded in a noncompact six-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. We derive the gravitational horizon radius on the brane under the low-energy approximation, which reflects how the extra dimensions cause the shortcut effect of gravitational waves (GWs). We also study the time delay between a GW signal and an electromagnetic (EM) wave signal in the low-redshift limit by combining with the joint observations of GW170817 and GRB 170817A, which gives an upper limit to the $$\text {AdS}_{6}$$

AdS
6

radius as $$\ell ^{2}_{~} \lesssim 3.84\,\text {Mpc}^{2}_{~}$$

ℓ

2

≲
3.84

Mpc

2

. For a high-redshift source, the time delay is converted into the discrepancy between the source redshift derived from the GW signal and the one derived from the EM counterpart. It is found that if one expects to detect the EM counterpart of a high-redshift GW event within a reasonable observation time, it requires a stronger constraint on the $$\text {AdS}_{6}$$

AdS
6

radius. Our research shows that the $$\text {AdS}_{6}$$

AdS
6

radius should satisfy $$\ell ^{2}_{~}\lesssim 0.02\,\text {Mpc}^{2}_{~}$$

ℓ

2

≲
0.02

Mpc

2

for the DECIGO and BBO.
Exploring the mechanisms leading to diffuse and filamentary modes in dielectric barrier discharges in N$$_2$$ with N$$_2$$O admixtures
Authors: Höft Hans , Becker Markus M. , Kettlitz Manfred , Dap Simon , Naudé Nicolas , Brandenburg Ronny , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter
Published: March 2023

The effects of nitrous oxide (N$$_2$$

2

O) in nitrogen (N$$_2$$

2

) on the development and morphology of sine-driven dielectric barrier discharges in a single-filament arrangement were studied. Detailed insight in the characteristics of the discharge and its development were obtained from electrical measurements combined with ICCD and streak camera recordings as well as numerical modelling. A miniaturised atmospheric pressure Townsend discharge (APTD) could be generated for admixtures up to 5 vol% N$$_2$$

2

O in N$$_2$$

2

although N$$_2$$

2

O is an efficient collisional quencher of metastable nitrogen molecules. Increasing the high voltage amplitude led to a transition into a hybrid mode with the generation of an intermediate filament in addition to the diffuse, non-constricted APTD. A time-dependent, spatially one-dimensional fluid model was applied in order to study the underlying mechanisms causing the diffuse discharge characteristics. It was found that even for small N$$_2$$

2

O admixtures, the associative ionisation of atomic nitrogen and oxygen (O + N($$^2$$

2

P) $$\rightarrow $$
→
NO$$^+$$

+

 + e) is the major electron source sustaining the volume memory effect and is therefore the reason for the formation of a diffuse APTD.

Graphical abstract
A computational analysis of accessibility, readability, and explainability of figures in open access publications
Authors: Zhuang Han , Huang Tzu-Yang , Acuna Daniel E.
Published: March 2023

Figures are an essential part of scientific communication. Yet little is understood about how accessible (e.g., color-blind safe), readable (e.g., good contrast), and explainable (e.g., contain captions and legends) they are. We develop computational techniques to measure these features and analyze a large sample of them from open access publications. Our method combines computer and human vision research principles, achieving high accuracy in detecting problems. In our sample, we estimated that around 20.6% of publications contain either accessibility, readability, or explainability issues (around 2% of all figures contain accessibility issues, 3% of diagnostic figures contain readability issues, and 23% of line charts contain explainability issues). We release our analysis as a dataset and methods for further examination by the scientific community.
COMPARISON OF CORROSION, TRIBOCORROSION AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER COATINGS ON Ti15Mo BY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
Authors: MELETLIOGLU E. , SADELER R.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the influence of Ag[Formula: see text]-ion-coated conditions on the corrosion, tribocorrosion and antibacterial properties of Ti15Mo alloy. The mean wear volume losses of all test specimens after tribocorrosion test procedures were determined using a noncontact 3D profilometer. The specimens’ hardness, roughness values and microstructures were measured using the microhardness tester, surface profilometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The mean wear volume loss of 30-min Ag[Formula: see text]-ion-coated Ti15Mo alloy was lower than the other specimens. In this study, correlations between the hardness, surface roughness and wear volume loss were found to be significant. The PVD coating process enhanced the antibacterial activity of Ti15Mo alloy owing mainly to the formation of silver film on the substrates.
Comparison of lithium borate fusion and four-acid digestions for the determination of whole-rock chemistry – implications for lithogeochemistry and mineral exploration
Authors: Zivkovic Zebedee , Danyushevsky Leonid , Halley Scott , Barker Shaun , Baker Michael
Published: March 2023

Mining and exploration companies routinely use four-acid digestion (4AD), inductively coupled plasma, atomic emission spectra/mass spectrometry methods from commercial assay laboratories for analysing drill and rock samples for lithogeochemical assessment and resource reporting. This method is also known to exhibit lower recovery of elements hosted by resistate minerals. To assess the impact of lower recoveries on lithogeochemical interpretation, a suite of commonly used elements for lithogeochemical analysis (high-field-strength elements Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Ti and Eu and transition elements V and Sc) was analysed by 4AD and alkali fusion/acid digestion (AFAD). Lower recoveries in the 4AD relative to the AFAD were recorded for Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Ti and Eu; Sc and V reported similar concentrations for both decomposition methods. Despite the lower recoveries for Nb, Ta and Ti, element ratios were largely preserved with the 4AD method due to the recoveries covarying at a 1:1 ratio. A plot of Ti/Nb against V/Sc was found to be largely unaffected by decomposition method, producing similar compositional classifications between the two digestion methods. Use of the Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*) to determine plagioclase fractionation was also found to be unaffected by decomposition method. In contrast, a standard Zr/Ti v. Nb/Y discrimination plot produced incorrect classifications with 4AD producing more mafic and alkaline classifications relative to the AFAD method. Magmatic fertility interpretations utilizing Zr/Hf were also found to be affected in the 4AD results due to the lower recovery of Zr relative to Hf. This resulted in a bias in the 4AD results and produced false-positive anomalism in fertility assessments. Multiple decomposition methods including combinations of acid and fusion methods are recommended for lithogeochemical analysis utilizing large regions of the periodic table. However, if only 4AD data are available, plots such as Ti/Nb v. V/Sc and Nb/Ta, which preserve their ratios, can be used for lithogeochemical classification.

Supplementary material:
Wholerock geochemical data and detailed methods are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6444444
Mars: Near-Optimal Throughput with Shallow Buffers in Reconfigurable Datacenter Networks
Authors: Addanki Vamsi , Avin Chen , Schmid Stefan
Published: March 2023

The performance of large-scale computing systems often critically depends on high-performance communication networks. Dynamically reconfigurable topologies, e.g., based on optical circuit switches, are emerging as an innovative new technology to deal with the explosive growth of datacenter traffic. Specifically, periodic reconfigurable datacenter networks (RDCNs) such as RotorNet (SIGCOMM 2017), Opera (NSDI 2020) and Sirius (SIGCOMM 2020) have been shown to provide high throughput, by emulating a complete graph through fast periodic circuit switch scheduling.

However, to achieve such a high throughput, existing reconfigurable network designs pay a high price: in terms of potentially high delays, but also, as we show as a first contribution in this paper, in terms of the high buffer requirements. In particular, we show that under buffer constraints, emulating the high-throughput complete graph is infeasible at scale, and we uncover a spectrum of unvisited and attractive alternative RDCNs, which emulate regular graphs, but with lower node degree than the complete graph.

We present Mars, a periodic reconfigurable topology which emulates ad-regular graph with near-optimal throughput. In particular, we systematically analyze how the degree d can be optimized for throughput given the available buffer and delay tolerance of the datacenter. We further show empirically that Mars achieves higher throughput compared to existing systems when buffer sizes are bounded.
Fiat Lux: Illuminating IPv6 Apportionment with Different Datasets
Authors: Hsu Amanda , Li Frank , Pearce Paul
Published: March 2023

IPv6 adoption continues to grow, making up more than 40% of client traffic to Google globally. While the ubiquity of the IPv4 address space makes it comparably easier to understand, the vast and less studied IPv6 address space motivates a variety of works detailing methodology to collect and analyze IPv6 properties, many of which use knowledge from specific data sources as a lens for answering research questions. Despite such work, questions remain on basic properties such as the appropriate prefix size for different research tasks.

Our work fills this knowledge gap by presenting an analysis of the apportionment of the IPv6 address space from the ground-up, using data and knowledge from numerous data sources simultaneously, aimed at identifying how to leverage IPv6 address information for a variety of research tasks. Utilizing WHOIS data from RIRs, routing data, and hitlists, we highlight fundamental differences in apportionment sizes and structural properties depending on data source and examination method. We focus on the different perspectives each dataset offers and the disjoint, heterogeneous nature of these datasets when taken together. We additionally leverage a graph-based analysis method for these datasets that allows us to draw conclusions regarding when and how to intersect the datasets and their utility. The differences in each dataset's perspective is not due to dataset problems but rather stems from a variety of differing structural and deployment behaviors across RIRs and IPv6 providers alike. In light of these inconsistencies, we discuss network address partitioning, best practices, and considerations for future IPv6 measurement and analysis projects.
Batching of Tasks by Users of Pseudonymous Forums: Anonymity Compromise and Protection
Authors: Goldberg Alexander , Fanti Giulia , Shah Nihar B.
Published: March 2023

There are a number of forums where people participate under pseudonyms. One example is peer review, where the identity of reviewers for any paper is confidential. When participating in these forums, people frequently engage in "batching": executing multiple related tasks (e.g., commenting on multiple papers) at nearly the same time. Our empirical analysis shows that batching is common in two applications we consider -- peer review and Wikipedia edits. In this paper, we identify and address the risk of deanonymization arising from linking batched tasks. To protect against linkage attacks, we take the approach of adding delay to the posting time of batched tasks. We first show that under some natural assumptions, no delay mechanism can provide a meaningful differential privacy guarantee. We therefore propose a "one-sided" formulation of differential privacy for protecting against linkage attacks. We design a mechanism that adds zero-inflated uniform delay to events and show it can preserve privacy. We prove that this noise distribution is in fact optimal in minimizing expected delay among mechanisms adding independent noise to each event, thereby establishing the Pareto frontier of the trade-off between the expected delay for batched and unbatched events. Finally, we conduct a series of experiments on Wikipedia and Bitcoin data that corroborate the practical utility of our algorithm in obfuscating batching without introducing onerous delay to a system.
Bias and Refinement of Multiscale Mean Field Models
Authors: Allmeier Sebastian , Gast Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Mean field approximation is a powerful technique which has been used in many settings to study large-scale stochastic systems. In the case of two-timescale systems, the approximation is obtained by a combination of scaling arguments and the use of the averaging principle. This paper analyzes the approximation error of this 'average' mean field model for a two-timescale model (X, Y), where the slow component X describes a population of interacting particles which is fully coupled with a rapidly changing environment Y. The model is parametrized by a scaling factor N, e.g. the population size, which as N gets large decreases the jump size of the slow component in contrast to the unchanged dynamics of the fast component. We show that under relatively mild conditions, the 'average' mean field approximation has a bias of order O(1/N) compared to E[X]. This holds true under any continuous performance metric in the transient regime, as well as for the steady-state if the model is exponentially stable. To go one step further, we derive a bias correction term for the steady-state, from which we define a new approximation called the refined 'average' mean field approximation whose bias is of order O(1/N2). This refined 'average' mean field approximation allows computing an accurate approximation even for small scaling factors, i.e., N ~10 -50. We illustrate the developed framework and accuracy results through an application to a random access CSMA model.
Go-to-Controller is Better: Efficient and Optimal LPM Caching with Splicing
Authors: Gozlan Itamar , Avin Chen , Einziger Gil , Scalosub Gabriel
Published: March 2023

Modern data center networks are required to support huge and complex forwarding policies as they handle the traffic of the various tenants. However, these policies cannot be stored in their entirety within the limited memory available at commodity switches. The common approach in such scenarios is to have SDN controllers manage the memory available at the switch as a fast cache, updating and changing the forwarding rules in the cache according to the workloads dynamics and the global policy at hand. Many such policies, such as Longest-prefix-match (LPM) policies, introduce dependencies between the forwarding rules. Ensuring that the cache content is always consistent with the global policy often requires the switch to store (potentially many) superfluous rules, which may lead to suboptimal performance in terms of delay and throughput.

To overcome these deficiencies, previous work suggested the concept of splicing, where modified Go-to-Controller rules can be inserted into the cache to improve performance while maintaining consistency. These works focused mostly on heuristics, and it was conjectured that the problem is computationally intractable. As our main result, we show that the problem of determining the optimal set of rules, with splicing, can actually be solved efficiently by presenting a polynomial-time algorithm that produces an optimal solution, i.e., for a given cache size we find an optimal set of rules, some of which are go-to-controller, which maximize the total weight of the cache while maintaining consistency. However, such optimality comes at a cost, encompassed by the fact that our algorithm has a significantly larger running time than SoTA solutions which do not employ splicing. Therefore, we further present a heuristic exhibiting close-to-optimal performance, with significantly improved running time, matching that of the best algorithm, which does not employ splicing. In addition, we present the results of an evaluation study that compares the performance of our solutions with that of SoTA approaches, showing that splicing can reduce the cache miss ratio by as much as 30%, without increasing the cache size. Lastly, we propose a simple and fast-to-compute metric (that is consistency-oblivious) in order to evaluate the potential benefits of splicing compared to classical LPM-caching, for a given policy and traffic distribution. We show that our metric is highly correlated with such benefits, thus serving as an indication of whether splicing should be incorporated within the system architecture.
Global Convergence of Localized Policy Iteration in Networked Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhang Yizhou , Qu Guannan , Xu Pan , Lin Yiheng , Chen Zaiwei , Wierman Adam
Published: March 2023

We study a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem where the agents interact over a given network. The goal of the agents is to cooperatively maximize the average of their entropy-regularized long-term rewards. To overcome the curse of dimensionality and to reduce communication, we propose a Localized Policy Iteration (LPI) algorithm that provably learns a near-globally-optimal policy using only local information. In particular, we show that, despite restricting each agent's attention to only its κ-hop neighborhood, the agents are able to learn a policy with an optimality gap that decays polynomially in κ. In addition, we show the finite-sample convergence of LPI to the global optimal policy, which explicitly captures the trade-off between optimality and computational complexity in choosing κ. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of LPI.
A Comparative Analysis of Ookla Speedtest and Measurement Labs Network Diagnostic Test (NDT7)
Authors: MacMillan Kyle , Mangla Tarun , Saxon James , Marwell Nicole P. , Feamster Nick
Published: March 2023

Consumers, regulators, and ISPs all use client-based "speed tests" to measure network performance, both in single-user settings and in aggregate. Two prevalent speed tests, Ookla's Speedtest and Measurement Lab's Network Diagnostic Test (NDT), are often used for similar purposes, despite having significant differences in both the test design and implementation, and in the infrastructure used to perform measurements. In this paper, we present the first-ever comparative evaluation of Ookla and NDT7 (the latest version of NDT), both in controlled and wide-area settings. Our goal is to characterize when and to what extent these two speed tests yield different results, as well as the factors that contribute to the differences. To study the effects of the test design, we conduct a series of controlled, in-lab experiments under a comprehensive set of network conditions and usage modes (e.g., TCP congestion control, native vs. browser client). Our results show that Ookla and NDT7 report similar speeds under most in-lab conditions, with the exception of networks that experience high latency, where Ookla consistently reports higher throughput. To characterize the behavior of these tools in wide-area deployment, we collect more than 80,000 pairs of Ookla and NDT7 measurements across nine months and 126 households, with a range of ISPs and speed tiers. This first-of-its-kind paired-test analysis reveals many previously unknown systemic issues, including high variability in NDT7 test results and systematically under-performing servers in the Ookla network.
Duo: A High-Throughput Reconfigurable Datacenter Network Using Local Routing and Control
Authors: Zerwas Johannes , Györgyi Csaba , Blenk Andreas , Schmid Stefan , Avin Chen
Published: March 2023

The performance of many cloud-based applications critically depends on the capacity of the underlying datacenter network. A particularly innovative approach to improve the throughput in datacenters is enabled by emerging optical technologies, which allow to dynamically adjust the physical network topology, both in an oblivious or demand-aware manner. However, such topology engineering, i.e., the operation and control of dynamic datacenter networks, is considered complex and currently comes with restrictions and overheads.

We present Duo, a novel demand-aware reconfigurable rack-to-rack datacenter network design realized with a simple and efficient control plane. Duo is based on the well-known de Bruijn topology (implemented using a small number of optical circuit switches) and the key observation that this topology can be enhanced using dynamic (''opportunistic'') links between its nodes.

In contrast to previous systems, Duo has several desired features: i) It makes effective use of the network capacity by supporting integrated and multi-hop routing (paths that combine both static and dynamic links). ii) It uses a work-conserving queue scheduling which enables out-of-the-box TCP support. iii) Duo employs greedy routing that is implemented using standard IP longest prefix match with small forwarding tables. And iv) during topological reconfigurations, routing tables require only local updates, making this approach ideal for dynamic networks.

We evaluate Duo in end-to-end packet-level simulations, comparing it to the state-of-the-art static and dynamic networks designs. We show that Duo provides higher throughput, shorter paths, lower flow completion times for high priority flows, and minimal packet reordering, all using existing network and transport layer protocols. We also report on a proof-of-concept implementation of Duo's control and data plane.
Asynchronous Automata Processing on GPUs
Authors: Liu Hongyuan , Pai Sreepathi , Jog Adwait
Published: March 2023

Finite-state automata serve as compute kernels for many application domains such as pattern matching and data analytics. Existing approaches on GPUs exploit three levels of parallelism in automata processing tasks: 1)~input stream level, 2)~automaton-level and 3)~state-level. Among these, only state-level parallelism is intrinsic to automata while the other two levels of parallelism depend on the number of automata and input streams to be processed. As GPU resources increase, a parallelism-limited automata processing task can underutilize GPU compute resources.

To this end, we propose AsyncAP, a low-overhead approach that optimizes for both scalability and throughput. Our insight is that most automata processing tasks have an additional source of parallelism originating from the input symbols which has not been leveraged before. Making the matching process associated with the automata tasks asynchronous, i.e., parallel GPU threads start processing an input stream from different input locations instead of processing it serially, improves throughput significantly and scales with input length.

When the task does not have enough parallelism to utilize all the GPU cores, detailed evaluation across 12 evaluated applications shows that AsyncAP achieves up to 58× speedup on average over the state-of-the-art GPU automata processing engine. When the tasks have enough parallelism to utilize GPU cores, AsyncAP still achieves 2.4× speedup.
Characterization of Timing-based Software Side-channel Attacks and Mitigations on Network-on-Chip Hardware
Authors: Ali Usman , Sahni Sheikh Abdul Rasheed , Khan Omer
Published: March 2023

Modern network-on-chip (NoC) hardware is an emerging target for side-channel security attacks. A recent work implemented and characterized timing-based software side-channel attacks that target NoC hardware on a real multicore machine. This article studies the impact of system noise on prior attack setups and shows that high noise is sufficient to defeat the attacker. We propose an information theory-based attack setup that uses repetition codes and differential signaling techniques to de-noise the unwanted noise from the NoC channel to successfully implement a practical covert-communication attack on a real multicore machine. The evaluation demonstrates an attack efficacy of 97%, 88%, and 78% under low, medium, and high external noise, respectively. Our attack characterization reveals that noise-based mitigation schemes are inadequate to prevent practical covert communication, and thus isolation-based mitigation schemes must be considered to ensure strong security. Isolation-based schemes are shown to mitigate timing-based side-channel attacks. However, their impact on the performance of real-world security critical workloads is not well understood in the literature. This article evaluates the performance implications of state-of-the-art spatial and temporal isolation schemes. The performance impact is shown to range from 2–3% for a set of graph and machine learning workloads, thus making isolation-based mitigations practical.
An SVM-Based Health Classifier for Offline Li-Ion Batteries by Using EIS Technology
Authors: Luo Wei , Syed Adnan U. , Nicholls John R. , Gray Simon
Published: March 2023

This paper presents an offline testing framework and simulation to measure the aging situation of Li-ion batteries within the Battery Management System (BMS) or laddering use for maintenance activities. It presents the use case of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a non-destructive inspection method to detect battery states. Multiple cycles (charge and discharge) were done to gain EIS results in different conditions like temperature. Results were captured and digitalised through a suitable circuit model and mathematical methods for fitting. The State of Health (SOH) values were calibrated, and data were reshaped as vectors and then used as input for Support Vector Machine (SVM). These data were then used to create a machine learning model and analyse the aging mechanism of lithium-ion batteries. The machine learning model is established, and the decision boundaries are visualised in 2D graphs. The accuracy of these machine learning models can reach 80% in the test cases, and good fitting in lifetime tracking. The framework allows more reliable SOH estimation in electric vehicles and more efficient maintenance or laddering operations.
Phosphor Thermometry of Alumina-Forming High-Temperature Alloys Using Luminescent Rare-Earth Ions in YAG: Proof of Concept Using a Dispersion of Ce3+ -Doped YAG Particles in a FeCrAl Alloy
Authors: Yangui A. , Sand T. , Helander T. , Johansson L.-G. , Karlsson M.
Published: March 2023

Most high-temperature processes require monitoring and controlling temperature, preferably with high precision and good lateral resolution. Here we evaluate the use of the technique commonly known as phosphor thermometry, which exploits the temperature dependent photoluminescence from an inorganic phosphor, for the determination of the temperature of a composite material consisting of the metallic alloy FeCrAl dispersed with phosphor particles of yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12, YAG) doped with a small amount of luminescent Ce3+ ions (YAG:Ce3+). The results show that with some optimization and by changing the dopant ion, YAG based phosphor particles offer a unique opportunity to measure the surface temperature of metal alloys with high precision and high lateral resolution, all the way up to the maximum working temperature of alumina-forming high temperature alloys at ca. 1300 °C.
The Double Gaussian Distribution of Inhomogeneous Barrier Heights in Au/NAMA/n-Si Schottky Diodes
Authors: Tuğluoğlu N. , Pakma O. , Akın Ü. , Yüksel Ö. F. , Eymur S. , Sayın S.
Published: March 2023

In this work, we report the results of temperature dependent barrier properties of Au/NAMA/n-Si Schottky diode in the low temperature range of 80–330 K. The analysis results of according to thermionic emission theory showed that the barrier height decreases, and the ideality factor increases towards low temperatures, depend on the barrier height inhomogeneities. The obtained results show the presence of a double Gaussian distributions with standard deviations (σ
0) of 0.073 V and 0.18 V and mean barrier height (

Φ
¯

b
0

) values of 0.595 and 1.427 eV in the change of 80–140 K and 160–330 K, respectively. Moreover, evaluation of the modified Richardson curve, the values of Richardson constant (A*) of 321.805 and 110.935 A K−2 cm−2, and mean barrier height of 0.606 and 1.422 eV were found for the low- and high-temperature regions, respectively. The A* value of 110.935 A K−2 cm−2 is close to the theoretical value of 112 A K−2 cm−2 for n-Si. These results proved that there is barrier inhomogeneity.
Effect of Mo-Doped Strontium Cobaltite on Graphene Nanosheets for Creating a Superior Electrode in Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Kharangarh Poonam R. , Singh Gurmeet
Published: March 2023

By employing the sol-gel process and “Mo-doped strontium cobaltite,” such as SrCo0.9 Mo0.1O3−δ
(SCM), which has a lot of oxygen vacancies creating a charge storage material. However, a simple hydrothermal approach was used to make a cell SCM@GQDs and “Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs).” The produced SCM@GQDs with increased conductivity have been found to be a promising electrode material for achieving larger energy densities. Through the use of the galvanostatic charge-discharge method for three electrode cells with 6.0 M potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte, the electro-chemical performance of the SCM@GQDs was examined. Due to enhanced conductivity and quicker ion diffusion between working electrodes and electrolyte, the produced electrode material for super-capacitor has a specific capacitance that is higher than GQDs at 0.65 A g−1. These outcomes demonstrate an excellent properties of SCM@GQDs material in the energy storage applications in the specific area of supercapacitors.
Axial stress determines the velocity of shear wave propagation in passive but not active muscles in vivo
Authors: Bernabei Michel , Lee Sabrina S. M. , Perreault Eric J. , Sandercock Thomas G.
Published: March 2023

Ultrasound shear wave elastography may be an inexpensive way to measure muscle stress in passive muscle. Here, using a cat model we directly measured shear wave velocity (SWV), muscle stress, and muscle stiffness. Our results show that SWV depends primarily on the stress in a passively stretched muscle. In contrast, the SWV in active muscle is higher than would be predicted by considering only stress, presumably due to activation-dependent changes in muscle stiffness.
Biomarkers to measure respiratory muscle damage following inspiratory pressure threshold loading in healthy young men
Authors: Iqbal Muneeb , Bliss Edward , Whiteside Eliza , Hoffman Ben , Mills Dean E.
Published: March 2023

We investigated inspiratory pressure threshold loading-induced respiratory muscle damage using a skeletal muscle damage biomarkers panel. Our investigation showed that creatine kinase muscle-type, and fast skeletal troponin I could be used to assess respiratory muscle damage immediately (1 h), whereas creatine kinase muscle-type, and slow skeletal troponin I could be used to assess respiratory muscle damage 24 and 48 h following conditions that cause elevated inspiratory muscle work.
Cyclic Glycine-Proline Improves Memory and Reduces Amyloid Plaque Load in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Arora Tushar , Sharma Shiv K.
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that is pathologically characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Animal models of AD have been useful in understanding the disease process and in investigating the effects of compounds on pathology and behavior. APP/PS1 mice develop amyloid plaques and show memory impairment. Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) is a cyclic dipeptide that is likely produced from a tripeptide, glycine-proline-glutamate, which itself is generated after proteolytic cleavage of insulin-like growth factor-1. Here, we show that cGP improves spatial memory and reduces amyloid plaque burden in APP/PS1 mice. The results thus suggest that cGP could potentially provide beneficial effects in AD.
A Study on How International Portfolio Investment Flows Affect Macrofinancial Risks and Control Channels
Authors: Yu Chaoyi , Wang Zhice
Published: March 2023

In the current complex global economic background, international capital flows are becoming more frequent. Based on this, this paper takes international portfolio investment as the research object and empirically tests the causal relationship and control channel between international portfolio flows and macrofinancial risk in emerging economies. It selects the panel data of emerging economies from 2001 to 2020, constructs macrofinancial risk indicators by using contingent claim analysis and the entropy-based TOPSIS method, tests the effect of international portfolio flows on macrofinancial risk by using the panel distributed lag regression model, and explores the management effect of foreign exchange reserves and capital controls on the risk effect by using the panel threshold regression model. The results show that long-term international portfolio flows help reduce macrofinancial risk, but short-term capital flows appear to increase macrofinancial risk. In addition, both foreign exchange reserves and capital controls effectively reduce the risk effect of portfolio flows. However, when considering different types of portfolios, we find that foreign exchange reserves do not effectively control the risk effect of equity securities flows, while stricter capital controls do. This paper argues that emerging economies should be more open to international long-term portfolio flows, focus on the monitoring of short-term portfolio capital flows and equity securities flows, and coordinate the use of foreign exchange reserves and capital control instruments to manage the risk effects of portfolio flows. This paper verifies the risk effect of international portfolio investment flows through empirical analysis, tests the effectiveness of foreign exchange reserves and capital controls, and provides a decision-making reference for emerging economies to timely identify, effectively manage, and prevent the risk effect of international capital flows.
Research Progress of Programmed Cell Death Induced by Acrylamide
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Jinfeng , Wang Man , Fang Liangliang , Yang Wenjuan , Yao Wenbo , Li Nan , Gong Pin
Published: March 2023

Acrylamide exposure through environment pollution and diet is very common in daily life. With the deepening of the study on the toxicity of acrylamide, it has attracted widespread attention for the effects of acrylamide on multiple organs through affecting a variety of programmed cell death. Multiple studies have shown that acrylamide could exert its toxic effect by inducing programmed cell death, but its specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this review, the research on the main forms of programmed cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and programmed necrosis) induced by acrylamide and their possible mechanisms are reviewed. This review may provide basic data for further research of acrylamide and prevention of its toxicity.
Exact Solutions of the Generalized ZK and Gardner Equations by Extended GeneralizedG′/G-Expansion Method
Authors: Mohanty Sanjaya K. , Dev Apul N. , Sahoo Soubhagya Kumar , Emadifar Homan , Arora Geeta
Published: March 2023

In this investigation, the exact solutions of variable coefficients of generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation and the Gardner equation are studied with the help of an extended generalizedG′/Gexpansion method. The main objective of this study is to establish the closed-form solutions and dynamics of analytical solutions to the generalized ZK equation and the Gardner equation. The generalized ZK equation and the Gardner equation govern the behavior of nonlinear wave phenomena in the presence of magnetic field in plasma dynamics, turbulence, bottom topography, and quantum field theory. We construct innovative solutions to the models under consideration using various computing tools and a recently developed extended generalizedG′/Gexpansion technique. The extended generalizedG′/Gexpansion technique is a well-defined and simple technique which is based on the initial assumed solutions of the polynomial ofG′/G. The derived solutions for both the equations are the hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. The obtained solutions have shock/kink waves and multisoliton, which depict the dynamical representations of the acquired solutions through the three-dimensional surface plots and the contour plots.
Dietary Level of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA Influence the Flesh Pigmentation in Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Ytrestøyl T. , Bou M. , Dimitriou C. , Berge G. M. , Østbye T.-K. , Ruyter B.
Published: March 2023

Atlantic salmon with a start weight of 53 g were fed diets with different levels of EPA and DHA or a diet with 1 : 1 EPA+DHA (0%, 1.0%, and 2.0% of the diet). At 400 g, all fish groups were mixed and equally distributed in new tanks and fed three diets with 0.2%, 1.0%, or 1.7% of EPA+DHA. At 1200 g, the fish were transferred to seawater pens where they were fed the same three diets until they reached a slaughter size of 3.5 kg. The fillet concentration of astaxanthin and its metabolite idoxanthin was analysed before transfer to seawater pens at 1200 g and at slaughter. The fatty acid composition in the fillet was also analysed at the same time points. Salmon fed low levels of EPA and DHA had lower fillet astaxanthin concentration and higher metabolic conversion of astaxanthin to idoxanthin compared to salmon fed higher dietary levels of EPA and/or DHA. DHA had a more positive effect on fillet astaxanthin concentrations than EPA. There were positive correlations between fillet DHA, EPA, sum N-3 fatty acids, and fillet astaxanthin concentration. A negative correlation was found between the concentration of N-6 fatty acids in the fillet and the astaxanthin concentration.
Mechanical Power in Prone Position Intubated Patients with COVID‐19‐Related ARDS: A Cohort Study
Authors: Stalla Alves da Fonseca Roberto , Martins Correa Boniatti Viviane , Carneiro Teixeira Michelle , Preisig Werlang Alessandra , Martins Francielle , Henrique Rigotti Soares Pedro , da Silva Marques Leonardo , Luis Nedel Wagner
Published: March 2023

Background. Respiratory monitoring of mechanical ventilation (MV) is relevant and challenging in COVID‐19. Mechanical power (MP) is a novel and promising monitoring tool in acute distress respiratory syndrome (ARDS), representing the amount of energy transferred from the ventilator to the patient. It encompasses several setting parameters and patient‐dependent variables that could cause lung injury. MP can therefore be an additional tool in the assessment of these patients. Objective. This study aims to evaluate respiratory monitoring through MP and its relationship with mortality in patients with COVID‐19‐related ARDS (CARDS) under mechanical ventilation (MV) and prone position (PP) strategies. Methods. Retrospective, unicentric, and cohort studies. We included patients with CARDS under invasive MV and PP strategies. Information regarding MP, ventilation, and gas exchange was collected at 3 moments: (1) prior to the first PP, (2) during the first PP, and (3) during the last PP. We tested the relationship between MP and VR with in‐hospital mortality. Results. We included 91 patients. There was a statistically significant difference in MP measurements between survivors and nonsurvivors only in the last prone position (p < 0.001). This is due to the significant increase in MP measurements in nonsurvivors (difference from the baseline: 3.63 J/min; 95% CI: 0.31 to 6.94), which was not observed in the group that survived (difference from the baseline: 0.02 J/min; 95% CI: −2.66 to 2.70). In multivariate analysis, MP (p = 0.009) was associated with hospital death when corrected for confounder variables (SAPS 3 score, mechanical ventilation time, age, and number of prone sessions). Conclusions. MP is an independent predictor of mortality in PP patients with CARDS.