bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease after on­pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Osipova O. A. , Shepel R. N. , Shevtsov R. Yu. , Komisov A. A. , Demko V. V. , Mezentsev Yu. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: March 2023

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death world­wide. On­pump coronary artery bypass grafting and cardioplegia remains the gold standard for the treatment of multivessel coronary disease. However, this method of surgical treatment has a number of perioperative complications, the most common of which is post­operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).

Aim. To develop a mathematical model for predicting the binary outcome "presence/absence of POCD deterioration" using Mini­Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) for timely prevention of cognitive impairment in the early postoperative period.

Material and methods. The study included 180 patients with coronary artery disease with stable angina who underwent on­pump coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients’ age [Me (Q25­-Q75)] was 62 [56­-67] years. After the operation, all patients were divided into 2 groups: 108 patients without POCD and 72 patients with cognitive deficit of various severity. The study was conducted in three stages: stage I — 2 days before surgery; stage II — during the operation; stage III — 7 days after the operation. Assessment of cognitive status using FAB, MMSE tests was carried out at stages I and III. At the second stage, biochemical parameters were assessed: in arterial blood — lactate and hemoglobin levels, in venous blood — pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2, mm Hg) and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2, mm Hg), as well as the duration of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial anoxia. Discriminant analysis was used to develop a mathematical model for predicting a binary outcome.

Results. Two groups of the most informative indicators were identified that were included in prediction algorithms for binary outcomes "presence/absence of negative dynamics of POCD" for MMSE and FAB. Group 1 included perioperative MMSE values, atrial fibrillation before surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass time and pO2. Group 2 included cardiopulmonary bypass time and intraoperative venous pH.

 

Conclusion. Mathematical models have been developed for predicting the binary outcome "presence/absence of POCD deterioration" ac­cording to the MMSE and FAB cognitive tests, which make it possible to assess the possibility of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The proposed algorithms are implemented using spreadsheets and a computer program.
Algorithms for the management of patients with anxiety in the internist’s practice
Authors: Shishkova V. N. , Dranitsyna Yu. G. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: March 2023

The development of guidelines for the detection and further management of patients with anxiety for outpatient physicians is relevant due to the high incidence of anxiety disorders in patients with non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, deterioration in quality of life and an increase in adverse outcomes in patients with anxiety. In addition, there is an insufficient awareness of outpatient doctors about the importance of diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders. The aim was to present original "Algorithms for the Management of Patients with Anxiety in the Internist’s Practice" for the detection and timely treatment of anxiety disorders in the routine practice of an internal medicine doctor. The algorithms are intended for internal medicine specialists working in primary outpatient healthcare, as well as for residents.
Health and social effectiveness of the expansion of medicine assistance programs for patients with coronary artery disease and comorbidities
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Lukyanov M. M. , Mukaneeva D. K. , Antsiferova A. A. , Boytsov S. A.
Published: March 2023

Aim. To assess the potential need for expanding medicine assistance programs for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and comorbidities, as well as to model its health and social effectiveness in the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. To assess the scope and cost of medicine assistance for the healthcare system, the number of patients with CAD and comorbidities was determined based on data from 5 registers of cardiovascular patients organized by the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. We took into account the frequency of drug provision according to standard therapy regimens for stable CAD in combination with comorbidities and (or) conditions that increase the risk of adverse events. To determine the cost of medicine assistance, we used data from the state register for maximum ex-works prices for the medicinal products included in the list of vital and essential drugs. To assess the impact of medicine assistance for patients with CAD and the highest cardiovascular risk on survival prognosis in the period 2023-2025, the number of deaths prevented was calculated. A one-year forecast and a cumulative forecast were performed, taking into account annual increase in the patient population.

Results. Patients with CAD and the highest cardiovascular risk (myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in history), including in combination with hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, are priority groups where the prophylaxis of cardiovascular events and death, the expansion of medicine assistance programs will save a greater number of lives. With a one-year forecast, the potential number of deaths prevented by 2025 will be 33582 cases per year, with a cumulative total of 90500 cases over three years, with the costs of 114,8 billion rubles for three years (40 billion rubles per year).

Conclusion. Considering the potential of modern therapy in patients with CAD, comorbidities and high cardiovascular risk, the expansion of current of medicine assistance programs for such patients, along with medical follow- up programs, seems to be an important component in health improvement, mortality reduction and life expectancy increase in the population.
O Complexo Ferroviário de Coroados (SP): a relevância substancial e simbólica do lugar enquanto resultado de expressões individuais
Authors: Zandoná Rafael Pires , Rosa Ananda Soares
Published: March 2023

A pesquisa que aqui se apresenta possui como objetivo principal fomentar a reflexão no campo disciplinar da arquitetura e urbanismo sobre a importância substancial e simbólica do lugar enquanto resultado de expressões individuais. O estudo enreda-se no Complexo Ferroviário de Coroados (SP), uma área central cujo espaço encontra-se subutilizado desde 2018. A boa relação do ser com a arquitetura, considerando a experiência sobre o percorrer e o descobrir espaços enaltece os sentidos e saberes de modo a estimular uma melhor utilização dos lugares e a promover um bom uso dos mesmos. Ao abordar os embates de um espaço em potencial inserido em uma malha urbana e os diversos usos que este pode promover, busca-se contribuir diretamente sobre a praxe humana a favor de seu desenvolvimento intelectual e interpessoal na atual sociedade individualista. Desta maneira, o olhar cuidadoso e o respeito aos vestígios das expressões sociais materializadas em uma área que possibilitou a prosperidade da cidade pode despertar novos interesses culturais e estimular projetos arquitetônicos que se construam em harmonia com o contexto social. Assim, através de um estudo sociofísico de intencionalidade projetual, reconhece-se a cultura e a valorização do patrimônio arquitetônico e urbano como agentes que desempenham um papel atuante e de destaque para a ativação de espaços contemporâneos.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Expressões individuais. Experiência. Patrimônio arquitetônico e urbano. Complexo Ferroviário. Coroados (SP).
An Amphiphilic Star-Shaped Polymer (Star-PEG-PCL2) used as a Stationary Phase for GC
Authors: Chen Ruo-nan , Cai Zhi-qiang , Zhang Wei , Huang Qiu-chen , Li Wei , Jin Ke-yun , Zhao Yi , Feng Ge , Sun Tao
Published: March 2023

A star-shaped polymer (Star-PEG-PCL2) was synthesized to with PCL and PEG, and used as a stationary phase for gas chromatography. The statically coated Star-PEG-PCL2 column exhibited an efficiency of 2260 plates/m determined by naphthalene at 120 °C and moderate polarity. The Star-PEG-PCL2 column showed high resolution performance for isomers of a wide ranging polarity, including methylnaphthalenes, halogenated benzenes, nitrobenzene, phenols, and anilines, and displayed dual-nature selectivity for a mixture of 17 analytes. Also, the Star-PEG-PCL2 column exhibited good separation performance and column inertness for Grob test mixture and a series of cis-/trans-isomers. In addition, it exhibited advantageous separation performance over the commercial HP-35 and PEG-20M columns for chloroaniline and bromoaniline isomers through its unique three-dimensional framework. In conclusion, it has good potential as a new stationary phase for separating a variety of analytes because of its special structure and excellent separation performance.
Copper and Magnetic Activated Carbon Nanocomposites: Application as Recoverable Catalyst for C–S Coupling Reaction
Authors: Nejadshafiee Vajihe , Ghonchepour Ehsan , Khabazzadeh Hojatollah , Aliabad Shahrzad Mahdavi , Bagheri Fatemeh Hassani , Islami Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2023

In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from pistachio nut shell precursor as agricultural by-product. The prepared AC was used to synthesize an efficient nanocomposite via loading of the copper metal and magnetic nanoparticles (Cu-MAC@C4H8SO3H NCs) onto its structure. The structure of the nanocatalyst was characterized by different methods such as FT-IR, TEM, EDS, XRD, VSM, and TGA analysis. The catalytic activity of the prepared composite was tested in a special C–S coupling, namely with the reaction of 2-mercapto-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with iodobenzene or bromobenzene. The products of the aryl thioquinazoline derivatives were obtained in good yields and in short reaction times and the products were characterized with 1H, 13C NMR and CHNS analysis. On the other hand, with easy and high recovery of Cu-MAC@C4H8SO3H NCs through magnetic separation, a simple and green method to enhance the efficiency of the nanocatalyst has been provided. The nanocatalyst was reused in the next reaction in up to five cycles without obvious activity decrease.
Determination of Copper at Extended Dose Levels of Copper (II)-acetylsalicylate and Pharmacokinetics Applications
Authors: Sher Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad Ajaz , Khan Shahzad Hassan , Naeem-ul-Hassan Muhammad , Amin Muhammad , Khan Hafeezullah
Published: March 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis has long been treated with acetylsalicylic acid, despite many side effects, including gastric ulcers. These side effects can be curtailed by preparing the to metal complexes of acetylsalicylic acid acid, such as copper (II)-acetylsalicylate (CAS). Present study evaluates the pharmacokinetics parameters of CAS and the level of copper at extended dose levels using rabbit model. The concentrations of CAS and copper in plasma samples were determined by validated HPLC and atomic absorption spectroscopic (AAS) methods, respectively. Three doses, 1–3 mg kg–1 were orally administered to six rabbits with two wash out periods. The blood samples were collected at different time intervals for 24 hours. The peak drug concentration (Cmax) for these doses at a time to peak drug concentration (tmax) 0.5 h was determined to be 0.38, 0.76 and 1.14 μg mL–1. The half-life of drug (t1/2) was 8.67, 8.73 and 8.81 h, which are perfect results for once a day dosing. The values of volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) for CAS were 829, 833 and 837 L kg–1 and 66.30, 66.74 and 66.95 L h–1, respectively. The AAS results showed that copper levels in rabbit blood plasma were increased with increasing the dosage of CAS, but still remains under the safer limit, which was twofold higher than the reported safe limit.
Corrosion Inhibition Behavior and Adsorption Mechanism of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Scorzonera Undulata for Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl Solution
Authors: Soudani Asma , Harkati Brahim , Nadjem Abdelkader , Gouasmia Abdelkrim
Published: March 2023

For carbon steel X70 in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution, Scorzonera undulata acetate extract (SUAc) was investigated as an ecological corrosion inhibitor. The anti-corrosion effect of Scorzonera undulata extract is studied using potentiodynamic polarization analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The polarization curves clearly show that the extract is an excellent mixed inhibitor. Our findings show that the maximum inhibition efficiency of 83% has been found with inhibitor concentration up to 400 mg/L at 298 Kelvin. The Langmuir isotherm is followed by the inhibitor’s adsorption on the steel surface and physical adsorption was discovered to be the mechanism. To understand the inhibitory mechanism, thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°ads) and activation parameters (Ea, ΔHa, and ΔSa) were determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry studies of the surface chemistry and morphology are included to this investigation. The results obtained from chemical and electrochemical measurements, confirm that a protective film is formed on the carbon steel surface.
Interaction of Copper(II) Complexes of Bidentate Benzaldehyde Nicotinic Acid Hydrazones with BSA: Spectrofluorimetric and Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Zahirović Adnan , Osmanković Irnesa , Osmanović Amar , Višnjevac Aleksandar , Magoda Amina , Hadžalić Selma , Kahrović Emira
Published: March 2023

Two copper(II) complexes of 4-chloro- and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde nicotinic acid hydrazones were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared and electron spectroscopy and conductometry. These rare examples of bis(hydrazonato)copper(II) complexes are neutral complex species with copper(II) center coordinated with two monoanionic bidentate O,N-donor hydrazone ligands coordinated in enol-imine form. The interaction of hydrazone ligands and corresponding copper(II) complexes with CT DNA and BSA was investigated. Copper(II) complexes are slightly effective in binding the DNA than pristine hydrazones. The results indicate groove binding or moderate intercalation which are not significantly affected by the nature of substituent at hydrazone ligands. On contrary, affinities of two copper(II) complexes toward BSA significantly differs and depends on the nature of the substituent, however in absence of thermodynamic data difference in nature of binding forces cannot be excluded. The complex bearing electron- withdrawing 4-chloro substituent has larger affinity toward BSA compared to 4-dimethyamino analogue. These findings were theoretically supported by molecular docking study.
Novel Antioxidants Based on Selected 3d Metal Coordination Compounds with 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde 4,S-Diallylisothiosemicarbazone
Authors: Graur Vasilii , Mardari Anastasia , Bourosh Pavlina , Kravtsov Victor , Usataia Irina , Ulchina Ianina , Garbuz Olga , Gulea Aurelian
Published: March 2023

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde 4,S-diallylisothiosemicarbazone (HL) was synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. It exists in solution in two isomeric forms: cis (~25%) and trans (~75%). Six stable complexes were obtained by interaction of HL with copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(III) and iron(III) salts: [Cu(L)Cl] (1), [Cu(L)NO3] (2), [Cu(3,4-Lut)(L)NO3] (3), [Ni(L)OAc] (4), [Co(L)2]Cl (5), [Fe(L)2]NO3 (6). The synthesized complexes have been studied by elemental analysis, FTIR, molar electrical conductivity and single crystal X-ray diffraction (6). For all compounds the antioxidant activity against cation radicals ABTS•+ was studied. All complexes and free ligand are more active than trolox that is used in medicine practice. Complex 4 (IC50 = 7.20 μM) is the most active one. The introduction of heterocyclic amine did not improve the antioxidant activity. The introduction of S-allyl group into isothiosemicarbazone affected the activity of the synthesized substances, and in some cases the resulting complexes exhibit greater activity than complexes with isothiosemicarbazones with other S-radicals.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Urease Inhibition of Zinc Complexes Derived from 4-Chloro-2-(((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol
Authors: Jiang Jian , Liu Yao , Liu Bo , Wang Yijin , You Zhonglu
Published: March 2023

Three new zinc(II) complexes, [Zn3(μ2-η1:η1-OAc)2(μ2-η2:η0-OAc)2L2] (1), [Zn3(μ2-η1:η1-OAc)2(μ1,1-N3)(N3)L2] (2), [Zn2(μ1,3-N3)(N3)(H2O)L2] (3), with the Schiff base ligand 4-chloro-2-(((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (HL) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic studies. Crystal structures of the complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is a bidentate acetato, monoatomic bridging acetato, and phenolato co-bridged trinuclear zinc compound. The Zn atoms are in octahedral and square pyramidal coordination. Complex 2 is a bidentate acetato, end-on azido, and phenolato co-bridged trinuclear zinc compound. The Zn atoms are in trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal coordination. Complex 3 is an end-to-end azido bridged dinuclear zinc compound. The Zn atoms are in square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal coordination. The Schiff base ligands in the complexes coordinate to the Zn atoms through the phenolate oxygen, imino nitrogen and pyrrolidine nitrogen. The complexes have interesting inhibitory activity on Jack bean urease, with IC50 values of 7.1–15.3 μmol·L–1.
The Effect of Different Numerical Approaches on the Accuracy of Calculating Relaxation Spectra for Polysaccharides
Authors: Nikonov Anatolij , Florjančič Urška
Published: March 2023

For polymeric materials, the relaxation spectrum contains complete information about the time-dependent part of the material response. The contribution of different numerical schemes, i.e., different methods of reconstructing the dynamic relaxation modulus, to the accuracy of the approximation by calculating the corresponding relaxation spectra is investigated by analysing experimental data for four types of polysaccharides. It was found that there is no unique mathematical approach for the calculation of relaxation spectra that ensures a satisfactory approximation of the experimentally determined dynamic moduli for the selected types of polymeric materials. It is recommended to combine different numerical methods in parallel to achieve a reasonable approximation of the material functions.
OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN KULLANDIKLARI MOTİVASYONEL DİL İLE ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: Bıçak Hilal , Gündüz Yüksel
Published: March 2023

Okul yöneticileri, öğretmenleri motive edici ve okula bağlılıklarını artırıcı bir dil kullanmalıdırlar. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen algılarına göre, okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları motivasyonel dilin, öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıkları ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada, ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Ordu ili Fatsa ve Korgan ilçelerinde resmi düzeyde faaliyet gösteren anaokulu, ilk ve ortaokullar ile liselerde çalışan 1457 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemi ise, evrenden tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 546 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin elde edilmesinde Motivasyonel Dil Ölçeği ile Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, yüzde, frekans, “t” testi, ANOVA, Scheffe testi, korelasyon ve regresyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır.
Motivasyonel dil ile örgütsel bağlılığın geneli ve “duygusal”, “devam” ve “normatif” bağlılık alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Motivasyonel dil toplam ve alt boyutlarıyla öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki mevcuttur. Motivasyonel dil toplam puanları ve etkisöz, edimsöz, düzsöz alt boyutları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıklarının toplam puanları incelendiğinde, motivasyonel dil toplam ve alt boyutlarının örgütsel bağlılık değişkeni üzerinde anlamlı bir yordayıcı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Bu bağlamda, öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıklarını artırdığı için yöneticilerin daha etkin motivasyonel dil kullanımlarını sürdürmeleri gerekmektedir.
“OSTRACISM”, THE PEOPLE’S WAY OF PROTECTING DEMOCRACY FROM TYRANTS IN ANCIENT ATHENS
Authors: Oral Uğur
Published: March 2023

In ancient Athens, where democracy was born, during the reign of Cleisthenes, between 487 and 416 BC, a kind of exile system called ostracism was introduced to protect democratic rule. This practice was actually a reflex of the Athenians, who were reacting to the arbitrary and oppressive regimes of the Tyrants, to protect the democratic government. Athenians wrote the names of rulers, who they feared would turn into tyrants and destroy democracy by force, on pieces of pottery called ostrakon, which served as ballot papers. As a result of the voting carried out in this way, the person whose name was written the most was exiled outside Athens for ten years. The status of the exiled person did not change. His property was also not confiscated. The person who was sent out of Athens with ostracism was returning to Athens after ten years of exile, continuing his life with his previous title and advantages.
Although ostracism was seen as the insurance of democracy and the guarantee of the system when it was first implemented, it later moved away from its real purpose. It is also seen that some Athenian rulers, who wanted to increase their power, used ostracism as a weapon by influencing the views of the people to weaken or eliminate their rivals. Hemistocles, Kimon, and Alcibiades were also among the famous rulers of Athens exiled by the practice of ostracism. Ostracism, which first started with the exile of Hipparchus from Athens for 10 years, was finally applied to Hyperbolos in 417 BC, and then this practice disappeared into history.
AKREDİTE OLAN VE OLMAYAN TURİZM İŞLETMECİLİĞİ PROGRAMLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Oflaz Musa
Published: March 2023

: Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de 2022 yılında Turizm Eğitimi Değerlendirme ve Akreditasyon Kurumu (TURAK) tarafından akrediteliği devam eden turizm işletmeciliği bölümü ile akredite olmamış ancak Yüksek Öğretime Giriş Sınavında (YKS) en yüksek puana sahip olan turizm işletmeciliği bölümlerinin web siteleri üzerinden akreditasyona konu olan öğrenme çıktıları ve web sitelerinde bilgilerin ulaşılabilirliği konusunda karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 7 farklı üniversiteye bağlı 7 Turizm Fakültesinin turizm işletmeciliği bölümlerinin müfredatları TURAK tarafından belirlenen Yükseköğretim Turizm Programları Değerlendirme Ölçütleri” içerisinden üçüncü ölçüt olan “Program Öğrenme Çıktıları” ölçütü dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Karşılaştırma yapmak için de öğrenciler tarafından en çok tercih edilen ve akredite olmayan ilk 3 devlet üniversitesi belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında durum analizi yapmak için nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman analizi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede akredite olan programların müfredatları ve öğrenme çıktıları incelendiğinde eğitim/öğretim ve araştırma/geliştirme altyapısının iyileştirilerek daha üretken ve daha profesyonel bir yapıya büründüğü görülmüştür. Ancak akredite olan turizm işletmeciliği programlarının tercih edilme oranlarını değiştirmediği anlaşılmıştır. Son olarak akredite olan programlarla olmayan programların web sayfaları karşılaştırdığında akredite olan programların web sayfalarının basit ve ulaşılabilir şekilde tasarlandığı, ilgili bilgilerin olması gereken yerde bulunmasını sağlama konusunda akredite olmayan programlara göre çok başarılı olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Cold storage accumulators using binary ice in air conditioning systems
Authors: Kovalyova Nina V. , Zharov Anton A. , Borisenko Artem V. , Valiakina Anna V.
Published: March 2023

This article is aimed at the study of cold storage accumulators using binary ice in air conditioning systems. This system is practically not used in Russia, although it takes historical roots in our country. With this article, the author strive to attract the reader's attention to environmentally friendly technology that increases the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems.
The paper considers systems with coolants, highlights their main types and lists the main advantages and disadvantages of using two-phase coolants. Since the use of water as a coolant at temperatures below 0 C requires additional impurities, the main additives and depressants used in the technology of obtaining binary ice, as well as their effect on the properties of an aqueous solution of binary ice, were considered. The author has studied and described the main methods of binary ice generation, such as: obtaining binary ice by supercooling a liquid, by direct contact with an immiscible refrigerant, obtaining an ice suspension in a fluidized bed, freezing on surfaces and vacuum ice. The principles of obtaining binary ice, its main advantages and disadvantages are described for each method. For a more complete understanding of the features of the design and use of binary ice technology, the author considered the methods of storage and distribution of ice suspension in the system. Their fields of application, the main differences between the use of centralized and decentralized binary ice storage systems are described.
The relationship between the axial length of the eye ball and the retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Kouser Firdose , Kai Sanjay , Gupta Divyanshi , Raina Bhavani , Pushp Shahaan
Published: March 2023

Background: Retinal vein occlusion is one of the most common form of retinal vascular diseases. There’s a need for better understanding of various predisposing factors and pathophysiology of retinal vascular occlusions in order to improve the treatment modalities and have a better visual outcome including the relationship between axial length and retinal vascular occlusions.
Methods: The study was conducted on 60 patients attending the eye OPDs of upgraded department of ophthalmology of government medical college, Jammu during a period of six months from April 2022 to September 2022. 30 patients were clinically diagnosed cases of retinal vein occlusion whereas 30 patients were their age and sex matched controls. The axial length of both eyes of all the patients were measured using A scan Biometry. The data was then analysed by student t test and chi square test.
Results: It was found that the axial length of the affected eye was significantly shorter than the unaffected eye and the axial length of the unaffected eye was also significantly shorter than the control eye.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the axial lengths in the patients having retinal vein occlusion were significantly shorter than the controls. The significant difference in the axial lengths can be a risk factor in the development of retinal vein occlusion.
A community-based study on the sociodemographic factors and knowledge regarding cervical cancer among women residing in an urban slum of Patna district
Authors: Sinha Shivani , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Aman , Yasmeen Tajwar
Published: March 2023

Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a major health problem faced by the Indian women. Every year approximately 120000 women develop this disease. India accounts for 15.2% percent of the total cervical cancer deaths globally. Objective to assess the sociodemographic factors and knowledge regarding cervical cancer and associated risk factors among women of age group 20-60 years.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 20-60 years residing in the urban field practice area attached to the department of community medicine of a tertiary care centre from June 2018 to May 2019 that is for a span of 12 months. The survey included demographic data such as age, education level, occupation, religion, socioeconomic status, parity, age of marriage, age at birth of first child.
Results: In the present study about 60% of the female had knowledge that menstrual abnormality is also a risk factor for cancer cervix. Only 60% of the female in our study reported that early marriage is also a risk factor for cancer cervix. A lower (30%) percent of the female in our study had knowledge that vaginal discharge is also a risk factor for cancer cervix.
Conclusions: The present study aimed to assess the socio-demographic factors and knowledge regarding cervical cancer among women of age group 20-60 years residing in an urban slum of Patna district. With prior knowledge of risk factors, cervical cancer can be identified. Identification of high‑risk populations and starting early screening was found to be effective in early recognition of cervical cancer.
An unusual presentation of jejunal mass
Authors: Nikumbh Dhiraj B
Published: March 2023

Primary small intestinal malignancies are rare and accounting for 1-2% of all gastrointestinal (GIT) tumors. Extranodal lymphomas are most commonly found in GIT with majority of sites in stomach, small intestine and ileo-cecal junction. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) predominantly of B cell type constituting 90% of cases and few are T cell type.

The purpose of this editorial is to highlight the morphology and rarity of T cell lymphoma encountered in jejunum presented with perforation and peritonitis.
Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting with palpable neck nodes-A look at clinical presentation and literature review on screening
Authors: Yepthomi Nito , Miachieo Nounechutuo , Leivon Shirley T , Kikhi Khrutsozo , Momin Clement
Published: March 2023

: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Nagaland has the highest age adjusted rates for both men (14.4 /100,000) and women (6.5 /100,000) in India. Most of the patients presents with usual vague symptoms related to mass in nasal cavity and higher clinical stage which affects the treatment outcome. The aim of this study is to present 34 cases of patients with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma initially presenting with palpable neck nodes and discuss the clinical findings and literature review on screening methodology with focus on Plasma EBV DNA.

: Retrospective analysis of all cases of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration cytology on palpable cervical lymph node and histologically confirmed by endoscopic biopsy.

: Total of 34 cases were included with 23 men and 11 women. The age ranged from 16 to 79 years with average of 46.6 years. The most common clinical presentation was painless neck swelling followed by epistaxis. 33/34 cases are of Non keratinizing undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Majority of the cases presented in stage III (19/34) followed by stage IV (10/34).

: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a major health problem in Nagaland. Development of a good NPC screening protocol including molecular techniques remains to be explored, in order to develop and contribute to the early detection of the disease and a favourable treatment outcome.
Importance of P16ink4a marker in oral neoplasms
Authors: Vahini Gudeli , Pallivilla Uma Rani , Aluri Anjana Priyanka , Jalagam Rajendra Prasad
Published: March 2023

We have increase in number of oral lesions at ASRAMS, as it is a referral centre and there by we have determined to study the prevalence of these lesions and its association with P16ink4a marker.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of P16ink4a in oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry.

In clinically significant patients, correlation between histopathology findings and its association with P16ink4a marker has been studied in Department of Pathology, ASRAMS.

A retrospective study done from July 2017 to July 2019.

The study was carried out after approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. The biological material received was resection specimen and punch biopsies of the lesion which was fixed in 10% formalin for 6hrs later processed, followed by paraffin embedding and hematoxylin & eosin staining of the sections. Histopathological classification of lesions was done according to the criteria proposed by WHO for oral cavity lesions.

Immunohistochemical analysis with P16ink4a was performed on the serial sections. Development of reactions was performed with DAB (Diamino benzidine). The panel used was clone E6H4, requiring no dilution followed by epitope retrieval solution.

All data were tabulated in a Windows Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel 2011) and statistically analyzed using software version. The expression of P16ink4a in various lesions was tabulated.

The study included 29 cases of oral lesions, most of them belonged to age group of 40 to 60 yrs. Male preponderance is noted. Most of the cases in our study were located on tongue. Histopathologically well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were more in number. The immunoexpression of p16 stain was present at nuclear and cytoplasmic level mainly found at the basal dysplastic epithelium. P16 had a weak intensity at level of tumor proper and also at invasion front.

P16ink4a immunohistochemical marker can be used as a surrogate biomarker for HPV detection of oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas. P16 is useful marker in identifying dysplastic lesions and decrease of its immunoexpression is a predictive factor notified for neoplastic transformation.
Spectrum of cytomorphology in palpable head and neck lesions in a zonal care centre & its diagnostic utility
Authors: Bisht Dayal Singh , Bisht Sunita
Published: March 2023

A prospective observational study was conducted in a zonal care hospital probing the role of FNAC in palpable head and neck lesions & its diagnostic utility which can differentiate the various neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions of head and neck very cost effectively.

To study diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) in head and neck lesions.

A one year prospective observational study carried out at a zonal care hospital, which included a total of 120 patients reported with head and neck masses in the Otorinolaryngology OPD.

Out of 120 FNACs, 38 (31.66%) cases were of thyroid origin, 35 (29.16%) cases included cervical lymph nodes, 34 cases (28.33%) arised from soft tissue and 04 (3.33%) from salivary glands. Thyroid lesion involvement (31.66%) was more common than any other lesion, out of which 84.21% were colloid goitre, 7.89% were Hashimoto’s thyroditis, 5.26% follicular neoplasm and 2.56% papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Amongst the lymph node swellings, 13 cases (36.11%) were reactive/ nonspecific lesion, 12 cases (33.33%) were tuberculous granulomatous lymphadenitis, 16.66% were cases of suppurative lymphadenitis. In malignant lesions of lymph nodes, metastatic deposit of carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma were the predominant pathology and lymphoma case was nil.

FNAC of head and neck swelling is a worldwide accepted diagnostic modality. It is simple, inexpensive and rapid method for the diagnosis of head and neck lesion and avoids unnecessary surgery in the form of excision biopsy for diagnosis.
Cytological, cell block and immunohistochemical analysis of spectrum of malignant pleural effusion with special reference to non-small cell lung carcinoma: A hospital based study of North East India
Authors: Bora Nayana , Devi Junu
Published: March 2023

Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) can result from primary malignancies of the pleura or from underlying intrathoracic or extrathoracic malignancies that reach the pleural space by hematogenous, lymphatic, or contiguous spread. Conventional smear and cell block (CB) technique is one of the oldest methods for the evaluation of body cavity fluids. The principal advantage of cell block over conventional smears are an additional yield of malignant cells and obtaining multiple sections for ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry (IHC).

This study is a hospital-based cross-sectional study which was conducted for a period of 14 months from June 2021 to July 2022 in a tertiary care centre of North East India.

Among 277 pleural effusion specimens 11.91% cases were positive for malignancy.Lung carcinoma was the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion. Non-small cell lung carcinoma comprised majority of lung carcinoma cases. Adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype of NSCLC with female preponderance. Cytological diagnosis had a Sensitivity of 76.19%, specificity of 100% andAccuracy of 96.5%. Immunohistochemistry of lung carcinoma in cell block preparation revealed 77.77% cases of adenocarcinoma of lung were positive for TTF-1(P<0.018). Immuno-expression of P63 and P40 showed positive expression in both the cases of squamous cell carcinoma.

Conventional smear and cell block method with application of immunohistochemistry will help us in accurate diagnosis of primary site of the tumour aiding early treatment especially in resources restricted hospitals.
Immunoexpression of TGF-β: An utility marker in hansen’s disease
Authors: Akhtar Kafil , Warsi Sumbul , Lubna Fatima , Adil Mohammad
Published: March 2023

TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that deploys several functions on different types of cells. In the lepromatous (LL) form of Leprosy, there is predominance of M2 macrophages, which induce the production of growth factors, such as TGF-β which is important for the mechanisms that cause apoptosis and healing.

To study the immunoexpression of TGF-β in Hansen’s disease and to assess the severity of infection with potential response to treatment.

The present study was carried out in 45 patients of Hansen’s disease after a detailed history and thorough physical examination performed in every subject and punch biopsies were performed. The specimens were fixed, paraffin embedded and sections of 3-5 microns thickness were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Additional sections of 3-4 microns thickness were cut and immunohistochemical staining by TGF-β antibody was performed.

Of the 45 cases of Hansen’s disease, most of the cases were of Borderline Tuberculoid and Borderline Lepromatous, constituting 14 (31.1%) cases each, followed by 9 (20.0%) cases of Lepromatous Leprosy. Maximum cases, 12 (26.7%) each with intense reaction were of Borderline Tuberculoid and Borderline Lepromatous, followed by 6 (13.3%) cases of Lepromatous Leprosy. Most of the cases, 9 (20.0%) were of Borderline Lepromatous category with highest proportion score, followed by 7 cases (15.6%) of Borderline Tuberculoid. Highest number of cases, 9 (20.0%) with high immunoreactivity score were in Borderline Lepromatous, whereas most of the cases, 7(15.6%) with low immunoreactivity score were in Borderline Tuberculoid.

The immunoexpression of TGF-β was more intense in lepromatous side of the spectrum as compared to the tuberculoid, which indicates the severity of the disease with less cure potential.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous swellings
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Gupta Rajat , Bhardwaj Subhash
Published: March 2023

A wide range of inflammatory as well as neoplastic lesions can present as cutaneous and subcutaneous swellings all over the body. FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) is considered to be the first reliable technique for diagnosing them.

To assess the cytological spectrum of lesions presenting as skin and subcutaneous swellings.

It was an observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Jammu. FNAC was performed on patients presenting with palpable skin and subcutaneous swellings. May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou (PAP) stained smears were examined under light microscope. The cytological features were studied and diagnosis was made.

The present study had 290 patients which included 169 (58%) males and 121 (42%) females. On FNA examination, 111 (38.3%) were non-neoplastic and 179 (61.7%) were neoplastic. Epidermal inclusion cyst was the most common non- neoplastic lesion. Among neoplastic lesions, 166 cases (57.2%) were benign and 13 cases (4.5%) were malignant. Lipoma was the most common benign neoplastic lesion and was also overall the commonest lesion in our study. Metastatic carcinoma cases were maximum among malignant lesions.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a rapid, reliable technique for initial assessment of cutaneous and subcutaneous swellings and thereby guiding further management.
Impact of soil erosion on water treatment cost: Case of Gihira water treatment plant, Rubavu, Rwanda
Authors: Vincent Nsanzumukiza Martin , Niwenshuti Emmanuel , Justin Nzayinambaho , Athalie Mukankusi , Theoneste Sindikubwabo
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to assess the impact of soil erosion on cost of Gihira Water Treatment Plant (GWTP). Raw water and treated data were gathered from GWTP in different seasons (rain and dry season). The parameters such as TSS, Turbidity and E.coli were determined with standard methods. Documentary review was used to collect data related to annual rainfall, elevation, soil texture, land use and vegetation cover. The results revealed that heavy rainfall impacted negatively quantity of water produced at GWTP with rate of 6.8%, 10.80% and 6.67% in March, April to May and1.57%, 1.73% and 1.66% in June, July and August in 2017. In 2018, the rates of 12.09%, 5.57% and 4.76% in March, April and May and the rates of 1.81%, 1.09% and 1.93% in June, July and August were recorded. The same situation was reproduced in 2019, where the rates were 8.09%, 4.76% and 4.76% in rain season against of 1.38%, 0.85 and 0.55% of dry season. The findings revealed that a high disturbance of the water treatment occurred during the rainy season due to agriculture practices and high steep slope of the areas which lead to high rate of soil erosion in the catchment and more chemicals were used to treat potable water than in dry seasons.
Investigating the role of defense mechanisms on marital adjustment in infertile couples based on the cause of infertility: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Navid Behnaz , Malekzadeh Farideh , Mohammadi Maryam , Omani-Samani Reza
Published: March 2023

Background: Infertility affects individual’s and couples’ adjustment. The defense mechanism and marital adjustment are mental processes that play a key role in infertile couples’ life.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of defense mechanisms on marital adjustment in infertile couples based on the cause of infertility.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 infertile couples at Royan Institute (A referral center for infertility, Tehran, Iran). Infertile couples were divided into 4 groups based on the cause of infertility (female, male, both, and unknown). Demographic questionnaire, revised dyadic adjustment scale, and defense styles questionnaire were used for data collection.
Results: Results showed that the mean score of marital adjustment of men based on the cause of infertility (female, male, and both) was significantly higher in comparison with their wives (p = 0.04, p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). However, no difference was observed between the mean score of women, men, and couples (women and husbands) in defense mechanisms. But marital adjustment has a significant positive correlation with mature defense mechanisms and a negative correlation with immature ones (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The mean score of marital adjustment is higher in men than in their wives in all groups. So, counseling infertile couples in the field of marital adjustment and training in the use of mature defense mechanisms is recommended especially in women.
Key words: Defense mechanism, Marital relationship, Infertility.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 on cycle day 2 and assisted reproductive techniques outcome: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abbasi Fariba , Davar Robab , Shamsi Farimah , Dashti Saeideh
Published: March 2023

Background: Individualized assisted reproductive techniques (ART) can improve ART outcomes. Some studies suggested using insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level on cycle day 2 for individualized ART.
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of IGF-1 on day 2 of the cycle and ART outcomes.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cycle day 2 serum levels of IGF- 1 were measured in 175 women aged between 18-44 yr as candidates for in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. All participants received antagonist protocol, and the relationship between serum levels of IGF-1 and ART outcomes according to the number of oocytes were investigated; poor responders (oocytes < 5), normal responders (oocytes 5-15), and hyper responders (oocytes > 15). Results: Poor responders had higher serum level of IGF-1 when compared with normal and hyper-responders; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.41). The serum levels of IGF-1 in women with zero retrieved oocytes and those cycles that were canceled for the inappropriate ovarian response were not significantly different compared to other women in the group of poor responders. An inverse relationship was observed between the serum level of IGF-1 and anti-Mullerian hormone levels. Furthermore, no significant relationship between serum level of IGF-1 with age, body mass index, number of 2 pronucleus, and number of embryos was observed.
Conclusions: According to our results, the serum levels of IGF-1 may not be able to predict ART outcomes. It seems necessary to conduct more studies with larger sample size in this field.
Key words: Insulin-like growth factor-1, Poor ovarian response, Oocyte retrieval, Assisted reproductive technique outcome.
Comorbid emotional disturbances in drug-resistant epilepsy in neurosurgical patients during the preoperative and postoperative periods
Authors: Odintsov G. V. , Ermolaeva V. D. , Samochernykh K. А. , Ivanova N. E. , Dengina N. O.
Published: March 2023

Background.Pharmacoresistant epilepsy, i.e. failure to achieve adequate seizure control with antiepileptic drugs develops in 30–40 % of patients. The surgical treatment for these patients are of particular importance. The relevance of studying the emotional sphere of neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy stems from the high incidence of this pathology and its impact on patients’ quality of life.

Objective.To investigate comorbidity indicators: depression and anxiety in neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy during the preoperative and postoperative periods of epilepsy treatment.

Design and methods.In 2019–2020, Polenov Neurosurgical Institute studied comorbid affective pathology in 46 neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in 2 groups: Group 1 — preoperative and Group 2 — postoperative patients, using HADS for screening.

Results.The study included 46 patients in 2 groups. Group1 — 56.5 %, Group2 — 43.5 %. The mean age of the participants in the study was 30.8 ± 1.1 years. The sex ratio in the cohort was 1.7 males to 1 female. In the cohort, no anxiety was observed in 71.7 % and depression in 84.8 %, severe anxiety in 13 % and depression in 8.7 %.

Conclusion.Among the neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, patients without symptoms of anxiety and depression predominated. There is a need to expand the sample and investigate further.