bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Monte Carlo assimilation for the PETALE experimental programme using inter-dosimeter correlation
Authors: Laureau Axel , Lamirand Vincent , Rochman Dimitri , Pautz Andreas
Published: September 2020

This article presents the methodology developed to generate and use dosimeter covariances and to estimate nuisance parameters for the PETALE experimental programme. In anticipation of the final experimental results, this work investigates the consideration of these experimental correlations in the Bayesian assimilation process on nuclear data. Results show that the assimilation of a given set of dosimeters provides a strong constraint on some of the posterior reaction rate predictions of the other dosimeters. It confirms that, regarding the assimilation process, the different sets of dosimeters are correlated.
Analysis of cross sections on iron and oxygen using Cf-252 neutron source
Authors: Jansky Bohumil , Rejchrt Jiri , Novak Evzen , Blokhin Anatoly
Published: September 2020

The leakage neutron spectra measurements have been done on benchmark spherical assemblies with Cf-252 source in center of 1) heavy water sphere with diameter of 30 cm (with Cd cover) and of 2) iron spheres with diameter of 100 cm and 50 cm. It has been stated for years that transport calculations by iron overestimate measured spectra in energy region around 300 keV by about 20-40 % (calculation to measurement ratio C/E = 1.2-1.4). The influence of an artificial changes in cross-section XS-Fe-56 (n,elastic)designed by IAEA, Nuclear Data Section, has been studied on the iron spheres. Influence of those XS-corrections to calculated neutron spectrum is presented.
Contributions to integral nuclear data in ICSBEP and IRPhEP since ND2016
Authors: Bess John Darrell , Ivanova Tatiana , Briggs J. Blair
Published: September 2020

The contributions to the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was last presented to the international nuclear data community at ND2016. Since ND2016, integral benchmark data that are available for nuclear data testing has continued to increase. The 2018 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Criti-cality Safety Benchmark Experiments (ICSBEP Handbook) now contains 574 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4,916 critical, near-critical, or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configuration with multiple dose points apiece, and 215 configurations that have been categorized as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications. The 2018 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhEP Handbook) contains data from 159 different experimental series that were performed at 54 different nuclear facilities. Currently 156 of the 159 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks with the remaining three evaluations published as drafts. Measurements found in the IRPhEP Handbook include criticality, buckling and extrapolation length, spectral characteristics, reactivity effects, reactivity coefficients, kinetics, reaction-rate distributions, power distributions, isotopic compositions, and/or other miscellaneous types of measurements for various types of reactor systems. Additional benchmark evaluations will be included in the 2019 editions of these handbooks. These handbooks continue to represent the standard for neutronics benchmark experiment evaluation.
Validation of JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data libraries in ANSWERS codes
Authors: Ware Tim , Hanlon David , Hosking Glynn , Perry Ray , Richards Simon
Published: September 2020

The JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluated nuclear data libraries were released in December 2017 and February 2018 respectively. Both evaluations represent a comprehensive update to their predecessor evaluations. The ANSWERS Software Service produces the MONK® and MCBEND Monte Carlo codes, and the WIMS deterministic code for nuclear criticality, shielding and reactor physics applications. MONK and MCBEND can utilise continuous energy nuclear data provided by the BINGO nuclear data library and MONK and WIMS can utilise broad energy group data (172 group XMAS scheme) via the WIMS nuclear data library. To produce the BINGO library, the BINGO Pre-Processor code is used to process ENDF-6 format evaluations. This utilises the RECONR-BROADR-PURR sequence of NJOY2016 to reconstruct and Doppler broaden the free gas neutron cross sections together with bespoke routines to generate cumulative distributions for the S(α,β) tabulations and equi-probable bins or probability functions for the secondary angle and energy data.

To produce the WIMS library, NJOY2016 is again used to reconstruct and Doppler broaden the cross sections. The THERMR module is used to process the thermal scattering data. Preparation of data for system-dependent resonance shielding of some nuclides is performed. GROUPR is then used to produce the group averaged data before all the data are transformed into the specific WIMS library format.

The MONK validation includes analyses based on around 800 configurations for a range of fuel and moderator types. The WIMS validation includes analyses of zero-energy critical and sub-critical, commissioning, operational and post-irradiation experiments for a range of fuel and moderator types. This paper presents and discusses the results of MONK and WIMS validation benchmark calculations using the JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 based BINGO and WIMS nuclear data libraries.
The activation of natZr by quasi-monoenergetic neutrons below 34 MeV
Authors: Šimečková Eva , Ansorge Martin , Bém Pavel , Majerle Mitja , Mrazek Jaromir , Novák Jan , Štefánik Milan
Published: September 2020

Good knowledge of cross section neutron induced reactions on Zr becomes of importance due to the use of zirconium as structural material in reactors, its applicability in neutron dosimetry and the theoretical model testing. Thin Zr foils (0.05 mm thickness, 99.2% purity) were irradiated in the quasi-monoenergetic p-Li neutron fields, the proton beams from NPI CAS variable-energy cyclotron U120M at proton energies 20.33, 22.44, 24.69, 27.64, 29.85, 32.31 and 35.11 MeV. Li target with carbon stopper was used for the generation of neutron flux. The reaction 7Li (p,n) produces the high-energy quasi-monoenergetic neutrons with a tail to lower energies. The flux density and neutron spectra were evaluated by MCNPX code and validated with set of measurements including Time-Of-Flight and Proton recoil Telescope and additional activation monitors. The pneumatic tranfer system enables the investigation of short living isotopes. The foil activity determination was performed by the nuclear spectrometry method employing two calibrated HPGe detectors. The reaction rates for natZr(n,*)89m,89g,89Zr, 87m,87,88,89m,90m,91m,92,93,94,95Y and 87m,91,92Sr were obtained and cross sections were extracted. The preliminary results are discussed.
Isotope-production cross sections of residual nuclei in proton- and deuteron-induced reactions on 93Zr at 50 MeV/u
Authors: Nakano Keita , Watanabe Yukinobu , Kawase Shoichiro , Wang He , Otsu Hideaki , Sakurai Hiroyoshi , Chiga Nobuyuki , Suwa Junki , Sumikama Toshiyuki , Takeuchi Satoshi , Nakamura Takashi , Chikaato Kazuya , Takechi Maya , Koyama Shunpei , Soon Ahn Deuk , Baba Hidetada , Chen Sidong , Cortes Martha Liliana , Doornenbal Pieter , Fukuda Naoki , Hirayama Akihiro , Hosoda Ryohei , Isobe Tadaaki , Kawakami Shunsuke , Kondo Yosuke , Kubono Shigeru , Maeda Yukie , Masuoka Shoichiro , Michimasa Shin’ichiro , Murray Ian , Nakajima Ryo , Niikura Megumi , Ozaki Tomoyuki , Saito Atsumi , Saito Takeshi , Sato Hiromi , Shimizu Yohei , Shimoura Susumu , Soudo Yoshiki , Söderström Pär-Anders , Sun Xiaohui , Suzuki Daisuke , Suzuki Hiroshi , Takeda Hiroyuki , Togano Yasuhiro , Tomai Takato , Yamada Hiroki , Yasuda Masahiro , Yoshida Koichi
Published: September 2020

The isotope-production cross sections in p- and d-induced reactions on 93Zr at approximately 50 MeV/nucleon were measured by using the inverse-kinematics method at RIKEN RI Beam Factory. The measured data were compared with the previous experimental 93Zr + p, d at 105 and 209 MeV/nucleon data. This comparison represents that the isotopic distribution of production cross sections at 51 MeV p-induced reaction is appreciably different from those at 105 and 209 MeV. On the other hand, these three data sets show that the shape of isotopic distribution is similar in the case of the d-induced reaction. Also, the measured production cross sections were compared with the theoretical model calculations with Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) version 3.10 in order to investigate the reproducibility of the models implemented in PHITS. The calculations well reproduced the experimental data even in such low incident energy, while several discrepancies were still seen as in the p- and d-induced reactions at 105 and 209 MeV/nucleon.
Study of the Li(d, xn) reaction for the development of accelerator-based neutron sources
Authors: Watanabe Yukinobu , Sadamatsu Hiroki , Araki Shouhei , Nakano Keita , Kawase Shoichiro , Kin Tadahiro , Iwamoto Yosuke , Satoh Daiki , Hagiwara Masayuki , Yashima Hiroshi , Shima Tatsushi , Nakayama Shinsuke
Published: September 2020

Double-differential neutron production cross sections (DDXs) for deuteron-induced reactions on Li at 200 MeV were measured for emission angles ranging from 0◦ to 25◦ in steps of 5◦ by means of a time of flight (TOF) method with EJ301 liquid organic scintillators at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. The measured DDXs were compared to theoretical model calculations with the DEURACS and PHITS codes and TENDL-2017 nuclear data. It was found that the DEURACS calculation is in better agreement with the measured DDXs than the PHITS calculation, while TENDL-2017 fails to reproduce both the spectral shape and magnitude of the measured DDXs for all angles.
On-the-fly temperature-dependent cross section treatment under extremes in RMC code
Authors: Zheng Lei , Wang Wei , Wang Kan
Published: September 2020

Neutron transport relevant to inertial confinement fusion always involves extremes, in which the physical quantities are extremely high, widely distributed and changes rapidly with space and time. In order to solve the memory and efficiency problems in nuclear data storage and processing, the on-the-fly temperature-dependent cross section treatment technique was investigated and developed under extremes in RMC code. Different strategies were adopted for different energy regions, i.e., the free gas model in the thermal region, the TMS method with 0K basis cross section temperature in the resolved resonance region, and the infinite dilution cross section in the unresolved resonance region, whereas the high energy region above the unresolved resonance region was not treated currently. The test results of Godiva sphere and plutonium sphere show that the on-the-fly technique has high accuracy, but the efficiency of the proposed technique still needs to be improved for some cases, and the optimization work with the elevated basis cross section temperatures is ongoing.
A new evaluation of the nuclear decay data of 223Ra
Authors: Luca Aurelian , Kellett Mark A.
Published: September 2020

Since 2013, the radionuclide 223Ra is used in nuclear medicine to prepare radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy. 223Ra is a member of the natural radioactive series of actinium and decays by alpha-particle emission, populating the excited levels of 219Rn. According to the 2011 nuclear decay data evaluation within the Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP), by V.P. Chechev, the half-life of 223Ra is (11.43 ± 0.03) days. The decay scheme is not considered as fully complete, because of the disagreement between the measured and calculated probabilities of some alpha-transitions and incomplete information on several gamma-ray transitions. New high quality measurements of 223Ra nuclear decay data were performed and numerous results were published since 2012 and, consequently, an updated nuclear decay data evaluation was undertaken, according to the DDEP procedures. The main results obtained, focusing on the recommended data improvements, are presented and discussed in this paper.
Luxe: combining high energy and intensity to spark the vacuum
Authors: Heinemann Beate , Heinzl Tom , Ringwald Andreas
Published: September 2020

The vacuum of quantum electrodynamics (QED) can be viewed as a medium akin to a dielectric which can be polarised by external fields. If these are sufficiently strong, the response of the vacuum becomes nonlinear and involves phenomena such as lightby- light scattering (‘nonlinear optics’) and, in extremis, ‘dielectric breakdown’, i.e. real pair production, if a critical field strength is exceeded. The LUXE experiment aims to realise near-critical fields through collisions of photons stemming from an ultra-intense optical laser with high energy electrons or photons provided by the European XFEL linear accelerator. This set-up provides a golden opportunity to enter the uncharted territory of strong-field quantum electrodynamics in the non-perturbative regime.
Chiropraktik bei einer Kuh? Na klar!
Authors: Tratsis Imke
Published: September 2020

Eine manuelle Behandlung beim Rind? Was für manche abwegig klingen mag, bringt doch so einige Vorteile mit sich – für Landwirt und das Tier. Dieser Praxisfall handelt von einer noch sehr selten für die Chiropraktik in Betracht gezogenen Patientengruppe, ihren Besonderheiten, den Unterschieden zum Pferd, und in diesem Beispiel mit einem durch eine Klauenerkrankung veränderten Gangbild.
Junger Hund mit Lahmheit – haben Sie einen Verdacht?
Authors: Schmidhalter Marta
Published: September 2020

Vorgestellt wurde ein 2-jähriger Appenzeller Sennenhund, männlich, nicht kastriert.
A Concise Route to MK-4482 (EIDD-2801) from Cytidine: Part 2
Authors: Snead David R. , Gopalsamuthiram Vijayagopal , Williams Corshai , Noble Jeffrey , Jamison Timothy F. , Gupton B. Frank
Published: September 2020

A new route to MK-4482 was developed. The route replaces uridine with the more available and less expensive cytidine. Low-cost, simple reagents are used for the chemical transformations, and the yield is improved from 17% to 44%. A step is removed from the longest linear sequence, and these advancements are expected to expand access to MK-4482 should it become a viable drug substance.
Synthesis and Characterization of AIE-Active B–N-Coordinated Phenalene Complexes
Authors: Fu Yubin , Liu Junzhi , Wu Zhongbin , Weigand Jan J. , Feng Xinliang
Published: September 2020

Organoboron compounds provide a new line to tune the electronic structures of π-conjugated molecules, which is critical to the development of new organic semiconductor materials. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of two novel boron–nitrogen (B−N) coordinated phenalene complexes (BNP-PX and BNP-PA) by employing BN phenalene (BNP) as the acceptor unit and phenoxazine/phenylphenazine groups as the donors. Based on single-crystal X-ray analysis, both BNP-PX and BNP-PA possess highly twisted conformations with the dihedral angles of 76.6 ° and 70.5 °, respectively. The photophysical properties of BNP-PX and BNP-PA are elucidated through UV-vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. In addition, BNP-PX exhibits a large Stokes shift (8,033 cm−1) and excellent aggregated-induced emission behavior. The red organic light-emitting diode device was fabricated based on compound BNP-PX, manifesting its promising application in organic optoelectronic devices.
Accuracy of the Preferred Language Field in the Electronic Health Records of Two Canadian Hospitals
Authors: Rajaram Akshay , Thomas Daniel , Sallam Faten , Verma Amol A. , Rawal Shail
Published: September 2020

Background The collection of race, ethnicity, and language (REaL) data from patients is advocated as a first step to identify, monitor, and improve health inequities. As a result, many health care institutions collect patients' preferred languages in their electronic health records (EHRs). These data may be used in clinical care, research, and quality improvement. However, the accuracy of EHR language data are rarely assessed.

Objectives This study aimed to audit the accuracy of EHR language data at two academic hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Methods The EHR language was compared with a patient's stated preferred language by interview. Language was dichotomized to English or non-English. Agreement between language documented in the EHR and patient-reported preferred language was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV).

Results A total of 323 patients were interviewed, including 96 with a stated non-English preferred language. The sensitivity of the EHR for English-language preference was high at both hospitals: 100% at hospital A with a PPV of 88%, and 99% at hospital B with a PPV of 85%. However, the sensitivity of the EHR for non-English preference differed greatly between the two hospitals. The sensitivity was 81% with a PPV of 100% at hospital A and the sensitivity was 12% with a PPV of 60% at hospital B.

Conclusion The accuracy of the EHR for identifying non-English language preference differed greatly between the hospitals studied. Language data must be accurate for it to be used, and regular quality assurance is required.
Influence of Pilates Method on Nonspecific Lumbar Pain
Authors: Schimidt Ana Carla , Herzinger Paula de Oliveira , Matias Danielle Pacheco , Welling Leonardo C.
Published: September 2020

Low back pain is defined as pain located between the lower rib cage and the gluteal folds, and its etiology is multifactorial, considerably affecting quality of life. The aim of this literature review was to analyze the influence of the Pilates method on the symptoms of patients with nonspecific low back pain, which is considered a promising treatment for this type of pathology. A narrative review of the literature was carried out using the PubMed, Pedro, Scopus and Scielo databases. To perform the search, Pilates AND Low back nonspecific AND Pain were used as keywords. Articles published in the last 5 years, randomized clinical trials that verified the influence of the Pilates method in adult individuals with unspecified low back pain and full text in English were included. Of the 77 articles identified, 7 articles met the inclusion criteria, 7 analyzed the primary outcomes of pain intensity and disability, 5 articles compared Pilates with other rehabilitation techniques and 2 studies compared the effectiveness of Pilates solo with Pilates apparatus. It was concluded that all the techniques that were compared with Pilates are effective, being difficult to affirm the superiority of Pilates over them in relation to the reduction of pain and disability and improvement of quality of life. However, the Pilates method has shown good results in pain perception and intensity, functional capacity, fear of movement and the idea that movement can worsen your condition, muscle strength, range of motion and flexibility.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Angiotherapy for Gastric Varices—A Small Retrospective Study
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Sharma Mamta , Singh Sanchit
Published: September 2020

Introduction Conventional n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (CYA) recommended for secondary prophylaxis of gastric varices (GV) is associated with significant rebleeding and glue embolism. Limited data are available on more successful and less risky endoscopic ultrasound-guided coils and CYA (EUS-Coils-CYA) injection in GV.

Methods We present a retrospective case series of 12 patients with GV bleeding managed successfully with EUS-Coils-CYA injection leading to variceal eradication in 11 patients.

Results From January 2018 to June 2019, 12 cases of GV, which were either bleeding or bled recently, were included. Complete obliteration was achieved in 91.6% of patients with 100% technical success. Mean number of deployed coils and volume of injected CYA glue were 1.16 and 1.58 mL, respectively.

Conclusions EUS-guided angiotherapy is an effective and safe intervention for managing GV bleeding with high technical success rate.
Lifting the smokescreen of science diplomacy: comparing the political instrumentation of science and innovation centres
Authors: Epping Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

The notion of science diplomacy (SD) has increasingly gained momentum in recent years, however, it remains an empirically largely underexplored topic. This paper contributes to the study of SD by taking an instrument-centred perspective and focusses on science and innovation centres (SIC), a novel policy instrument in the science diplomacy toolbox. SIC are distinct units or satellite institutes, established by governments abroad, operating at the nexus of higher education, research, innovation, and diplomacy. Based on a comparative analysis, this article examines the rise of SIC in Germany and Switzerland. By means of applying a policy instrumentation lens, the career and development of the two SIC is retraced and insights are generated into their political instrumentation. Doing so contributes to unfold the blackbox of what is generally labelled as SD. In-depth interviews and analysis serve as the empirical foundation of this study. Ultimately, the results of this policy instrument study uncover the similarities and differences in SIC development and reveal their political instrumentation over time. It becomes evident that the objectives linked to SIC, and hence SD, are clearly motivated by national needs. Furthermore, notions of SD are reflective of a certain Zeitgeist that is mirrored in the design of an overall, new, policy yet also marks a relabelling of long-existing practices. This study, accordingly, contributes to the knowledge base of SD as it enhances the scholarly understanding of SD instruments in terms of history, actors and political instrumentation while also offering a theoretical anchoring.
Thermal stability of nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained titanium created by cryomechanical fragmentation
Authors: Pogribnaya Yu. M. , Smolianets R. V. , Moskalenko V. A. , Braude I. S.
Published: September 2020

Using X-ray diffraction analysis methods, the authors have studied the effect of stepwise isothermal annealing in the temperature range 150–670 C on the deformation microstructure parameters of cryodeformed VT1-0 titanium with micron, submicron, and nanoscale grain sizes. The structural states were obtained by rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature. This study discusses the influence of dislocations and twins as elements of deformation microstructure on the thermal stability of crystallite sizes (coherent scattering regions) and the magnitude of microdeformations. The dependences of microhardness on annealing temperature have been determined for samples in different initial structural states.
Investigating the effect of electric fields on lead halide perovskites by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Wieghold Sarah , Shirato Nozomi , Rose Volker , Nienhaus Lea
Published: September 2020

Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising absorber materials over the last decade to increase the efficiency of photovoltaics beyond its current limits. However, to further optimize the performance of perovskites more detailed studies need to be performed, which allow for the correlation of film morphology and local electronic properties at the nanoscale. Here, we present a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) approach to probe the effect of an applied electric field of a methylammonium formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite thin film on the film response by current–voltage spectroscopy, current imaging tunneling spectroscopy, differential conductance mapping, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy by means of synchrotron x-ray STM. We find a strong correlation between the measurement conditions and the obtained current–voltage characteristics when imaging under opposite bias polarities. In particular, we find similarities to already observed poling effects for lead halide perovskites, which result in either a positively or negatively charged interface due to ion and vacancy migration. Our results provide insight into the influence of measurement conditions such as bias polarity on the performance assessment of perovskite thin films by STM.
A study of the translational temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant between CH3CN and Ne+ at low temperatures
Authors: Okada Kunihiro , Sakimoto Kazuhiro , Takada Yusuke , Schuessler Hans A.
Published: September 2020

We have measured the translational temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant for CH3CN + Ne+ → products at low temperatures. A cold Ne+ ensemble was embedded in Ca+ Coulomb crystals by a sympathetic laser cooling technique, while cold acetonitrile (CH3CN) molecules were produced by two types of Stark velocity filters to widely change the translational temperatures. The measured reaction rate constant gradually increases with the decrease in the translational temperature of the velocity-selected CH3CN molecules from 60 K down to 2 K, and thereby, a steep increase was observed at temperatures lower than 5 K. A comparison between experimental rate constants and the ion–dipole capture rate constants by the Perturbed Rotational State (PRS) theory was performed. The PRS capture rate constant reproduces well the reaction rate constant at a few kelvin but not for temperatures higher than 5 K. The result indicates that the reaction probability is small compared to typical ion–polar molecule reactions at temperatures above 5 K.
Almost exact energies for the Gaussian-2 set with the semistochastic heat-bath configuration interaction method
Authors: Yao Yuan , Giner Emmanuel , Li Junhao , Toulouse Julien , Umrigar C. J.
Published: September 2020

The recently developed semistochastic heat-bath configuration interaction (SHCI) method is a systematically improvable selected configuration interaction plus perturbation theory method capable of giving essentially exact energies for larger systems than is possible with other such methods. We compute SHCI atomization energies for 55 molecules that have been used as a test set in prior studies because their atomization energies are known from experiment. Basis sets from cc-pVDZ to cc-pV5Z are used, totaling up to 500 orbitals and a Hilbert space of 1032 Slater determinants for the largest molecules. For each basis, an extrapolated energy well within chemical accuracy (1 kcal/mol or 1.6 mHa/mol) of the exact energy for that basis is computed using only a tiny fraction of the entire Hilbert space. We also use our almost exact energies to benchmark energies from the coupled cluster method with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations. The energies are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit and compared to the experimental atomization energies. The extrapolations are done both without and with a basis-set correction based on density-functional theory. The mean absolute deviations from experiment for these extrapolations are 0.46 kcal/mol and 0.51 kcal/mol, respectively. Orbital optimization methods used to obtain improved convergence of the SHCI energies are also discussed.
Subtractive patterning: High-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing with solvents
Authors: Farjam Nazanin , Cho Tae H. , Dasgupta Neil P. , Barton Kira
Published: September 2020

Advancements in 3D printing have initiated a paradigm in device fabrication. Electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing is a high-resolution 3D printing method that enables customizable patterning of thin-film structures, while reducing fabrication complexity and achieving high-resolution patterns with a wide variety of materials. However, to date, e-jet printing has focused on additive material deposition, rather than patterning through material subtraction. This work proposes displacement-based e-jet printing using solvent inks for subtractive patterning of polymer thin films, with microscale resolution in the x–y plane and nanoscale control in the z (dissolving) direction. The behavior of displacement-based e-jet printing is characterized using atomic force microscopy, and two methodologies are developed for controlling the linewidth and displaced depth. An example of area-selective thin film deposition on displacement-based e-jet patterns is provided to demonstrate the applicability of this patterning technique for printable microscale devices.
A facile strategy to produce monatomic tantalum metallic glass
Authors: Zhao R. , Jiang H. Y. , Luo P. , Sun Y. T. , Li Z. A. , Wu W. W. , Shen L. Q. , Liu M. , Zhao S. F. , Wen P. , Zhang Q. H. , Gu L. , Bai H. Y. , Wang W. H.
Published: September 2020

While there has been significant pursuits and interest in single element metallic glass (MG), it has been extremely difficult to obtain. Despite the recent advances in preparing MGs, the massive production of stable monatomic MGs is of great challenge. Here, we show that Ta monatomic MG, presenting identical structural characteristics to those from liquid quenching, can be produced using conventional ion beam deposition on a room temperature substrate. The amorphous structure is retained even after being annealed at 573 K for 2 h, while it fully crystallizes subjected to annealing at 823 K for 5 min, corroborating the previous prediction that Ta MG is stable up to 600 K.
Oxygen annealing impact on
β
-Ga2O3 MOSFETs: Improved pinch-off characteristic and output power density
Authors: Lv Yuanjie , Liu Hongyu , Wang Yuangang , Fu Xingchang , Ma Chunlei , Song Xubo , Zhou Xingye , Zhang Yanni , Dong Pengfei , Du Hanghai , Liang Shixiong , Han Tingting , Zhang Jincheng , Feng Zhihong , Zhou Hong , Cai Shujun , Hao Yue
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, we present direct current (DC), small signal radio frequency (RF), and large signals with pulsed and continuous wave (CW) studies and characterization on oxygen annealed (OA) β-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with significantly improved CW output power density (Pout) when compared to other β-Ga2O3 RF devices. The OA process is found to be useful in compensating and neutralizing the donors in the unintentionally doped (UID) buffer layer and, hence, suppressing a second depletion effect in this UID layer. The device demonstrates a peak DC drain current of 200 mA/mm, a transconductance of 11 mS/mm, and an on/off ratio of 109. Small-signal RF characterization indicates a cut-off frequency and maximum oscillation frequency (fT/fmax) of 1.8 GHz and 4.2 GHz, respectively. The device also shows an output power (Pout)/peak power added efficiency (PAE)/gain of 0.4 W/mm/10%/3.2 dB and 0.43 W/mm/12%/3.6 dB for CW and pulsed signals, respectively, at an operation frequency of 1 GHz.
Thermoelectric properties of a double-dot system in serial configuration within the Coulomb blockade regime
Authors: Zimbovskaya Natalya A.
Published: September 2020

In the present work, we theoretically study thermoelectric transport and heat transfer in a junction including a double quantum dot in a serial configuration coupled to nonferromagnetic electrodes. We focus on the electron transport within the Coulomb blockade regime in the limit of strong intradot interactions between electrons. It is shown that under these conditions, characteristics of thermoelectric transport in such systems strongly depend on electron occupation on the dots and on interdot Coulomb interactions. We demonstrate that these factors may lead to a heat current rectification and analyze potentialities of a double-dot in a serial configuration as a heat diod.
Compositional and structural origins of radiation damage mitigation in high-entropy alloys
Authors: Cusentino M. A. , Wood M. A. , Dingreville R.
Published: September 2020

The ability of high-entropy alloys to resist radiation damage is rooted in their compositional complexity and associated high configurational entropy. In addition, grain boundaries within all alloys serve as effective sinks for defects. Using atomistic modeling, we investigated defect–grain boundary interaction mechanisms near ordered and amorphous grain boundaries in pure nickel and in a model, quaternary, high-entropy alloy (FeCoCrNi). Our results demonstrate that a combination of compositional complexity with amorphization of the grain boundary leads to much more efficient recombination and annihilation mechanisms. Coupling these two microstructural features results in the lowest amount of residual damage, indicating that these effects compound to increase radiation tolerance. These observations are rooted in locally dependent defect migration barriers in the high-entropy alloy and the strong trapping at both ordered and amorphous grain boundaries.
Synchronous single-photon detection with self-resetting, GHz-gated superconducting NbN nanowires
Authors: Knehr E. , Kuzmin A. , Doerner S. , Wuensch S. , Ilin K. , Schmidt H. , Siegel M.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a GHz-gated operation of resonator-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors suitable for synchronous applications. In comparison with conventional dc-biased nanowire detectors, this method prevents the detector from latching and can suppress dark counts and background noise. Using a gating frequency of 3.8 GHz and a fast, synchronized laser diode, we show that the detector's operation point follows the oscillating current and its detection efficiency depends on the relative frequency and phase of the bias and modulated optical signal. The obtained experimental results are in good agreement with simulations, showing that the duty cycle of a gated detector can be adjusted in a wide range in the case of a pronounced saturation of the current-dependent detection efficiency. This operation mode could be suitable for applications such as quantum key distribution and time-of-flight laser ranging.
An ethnolinguistic repositioning of the Balmiki language of Odisha
Authors: Pattanayak Subrat Kalyan , Dash Biswanandan
Published: September 2020

Language identification is a complex process. In most cases, the processes of language identification by governmental
agencies are based on their political compulsions and intentions. Even objective studies made by linguists are not free from the flaws of
their philosophical background. This kind of lack of objectivity in establishing linguistic identities may lead to linguistic right
movements. In this context, an ethnolinguistic analysis to establish the identity of a language becomes important. The cases of Balmiki and
Kupia represent a situation where the linguistic identities of many languages are equally disputable due to the lack of scientific and
objective studies. They are listed as different languages in many governmental and non-governmental reports. Linguists who have worked on
these languages held the view that Balmiki is an isolated language spoken in Odisha only and is certainly different from Kupia, which is
spoken in Andhra Pradesh. The present study attempts to ascertain the ethnolinguistic position of Balmiki vis-à-vis Kupia using
bibliographical evidence. It concludes that Balmiki and Kupia are one and the same language. It also finds that it is well recorded and
studied by different scholars since long.
Mechanisms of semantic change
Authors: Wong May L-Y
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the mechanisms of semantic change in the creation of ten Cantonese slang words. It demonstrates with synchronic evidence that metaphorization, metonymization and (inter)subjectification are three principal driving forces behind the shift in meaning. It is argued thatTraugott and Dasher’s (2002)Invited Inferencing Theory of Semantic Change (IITSC), initially proposed for and widely used in the context of grammaticalization, is equally useful for the study of neologisms – in this case, the relatively recent slang expressions in Cantonese. These monosyllabic lexemes are shown to have followed the same unidirectional pathway of semantic change – that is, the shift from non-subjective meaning to encoded (inter)subjective meaning – outlined in their model of semantic change.
From topic marker to case marker
Authors: Xu Dan
Published: September 2020

The case model of the syncretic case [xa] in the Gansu-Qinghai area came from non-Sinitic languages, while the phonetic
form came from Sinitic languages (“Sinitic languages” are usually called “Chinese dialects” in the Chinese linguistic community). The paper
shows that this marker [xa] may come from a topic marker and topic chain markers in Sinitic languages. The accusative/dative marker
formation was motivated by pragmatic factors. This phenomenon is also found in other languages. The syncretic use of cases is commonplace in
languages across the world, whereas the accusative/dative marker [xa] is one of the prominent features in Sinitic languages in the
Gansu-Qinghai area. The accusative/dative case formation did not know an even speed in Sinitic languages. It seems that Wutun and Tangwang
evolved rapidly while Linxia and Gangou changed with an intermediate rhythm. Qinghai languages are the closest to Tibetic languages, but
paradoxically they seem to be more conservative and do not adopt dative markers in possessor and experiencer constructions which are seen
overwhelmingly in Tibetic languages. However, other Sinitic languages have adopted this marking progressively and steadily. The language
model of the syncretic marker [xa] is not from a single language. Amdo Tibetan as well as Mongolic languages have contributed to the case
formation of [xa] in Sinitic languages. This paper proposes that an Intertwining Model helped the spread of case formation
in this zone. Languages of one group or of one language family have influenced each other at different periods. The results of case
formation we note today constitute a net-like relationships connected to various languages, but not a neat and linear path.
The structural uniqueness of languages and the value of comparison for language description
Authors: Haspelmath Martin
Published: September 2020

This paper shows why it is not a contradiction to say that each language is structurally unique and must be described with its own categories, but language description profits enormously from typological knowledge. It has sometimes been suggested that the Boasian imperative (“each language should be described in its own terms”) leads to uninsightful analyses, and that language description should instead be “typologically informed”. But the Boasian imperative is not at all incompatible with an intimate connection between description and comparison: Comparative (or typological) knowledge is highly valuable both for making our descriptions transparent and comprehensible, and for helping describers to ask a wide range of questions that would not have occurred to them otherwise. Since we do not know whether any of the building blocks of languages are innate and universal for this reason, we cannot rely on general frameworks (of the generative type) for our descriptions, but we can use typological questionnaires and other kinds of comparative information as a scaffold. Such scaffolds are not theoretical components of the description, but are important methodological tools.
Rigid elastic solids in relativity
Authors: Natário José
Published: September 2020

After briefly reviewing the theory of relativistic elasticity, we expand a general elastic Lagrangian to quadratic order and compute the main parameters for the linear elasticity of relativistic solids: the longitudinal and transverse speeds of sound, the Poisson ratio, and the bulk, shear and Young moduli. Using these, we discuss which Lagrangian is the best choice to model a relativistic rigid elastic solid.
Light propagation in anisotropic and metamaterial media by a Finslerian vector eikonal method
Authors: Liñares Jesús , Moreno Vicente , Nistal María C
Published: September 2020

A systematic study of light propagation in anisotropic and metamaterial media is presented by using a Finslerian vector eikonal method, that is, by considering the approximation of very short wavelengths of light in Maxwell’s equations and using particular metric tensors of the general Finsler metric tensor induced by an anisotropic medium. Green’s vector functions, and therefore general solutions, are obtained as a product of a complex scalar function with a local polarization unitary vector. The phase

L

r

(wave surface or eikonal function) of such a complex scalar function is calculated using a Fermat integral derived from the Maxwell equations. This integral can be considered as the integral form of the eikonal equation and provides a Finslerian metric tensor which allows, together with energy conservation in anisotropic media, the derivation of a general expression depending on the eikonal function for obtaining the scalar amplitude

A

(

r

)

of such a complex function. Likewise, the local polarization unitary vector
u
(
r
) is calculated by solving an approximated homogeneous linear equations system also depending on the eikonal function. Exact solutions are obtained for uniaxial materials and hyperbolic metamaterials, and approximate solutions are proposed for biaxial materials. Finally, an approximated vector Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula is presented by using vector Green’s functions in order to study optical propagation. For the sake of completeness, interference patterns produced by anisotropic materials are presented using the results obtained. This systematic study of anisotropic and metamaterial media by a Finslerian vector eikonal method is intended in particular for university physics teachers and as an advanced topic for undergraduate and first year postgraduate students.
Mechanical resonance in the rear wheels of a shopping trolley
Authors: Lindén Johan
Published: September 2020

A mechanical resonance phenomenon in the rear wheels of a common shopping trolley is investigated. The trolley examined in this paper has the rear wheels attached to long beams, with no horizontal bar connecting the beams. The beams are thus free to vibrate along their entire lengths. In a resonant mode the beams vibrate with a small amplitude in a direction perpendicular to the general motion of the trolley and the wheels, attached to the beams by ball bearings, vibrate around a vertical axis, with an amplitude of several degrees. The trolley may enter the resonance if the rear wheels hit a small object, e.g. a grain of gravel, or if one of the wheels is tapped when the loaded trolley is in motion. The resonance is stable and lasts until the trolley is slowed down enough, or stopped. The resonance mode is modeled analytically and the resulting differential equations are solved numerically. Comparison is made to experimental data obtained using a high-speed video camera.
Spectroscopic proprieties of the ground and the higher excited states of the KCs
Authors: Habli Héla , Mejrissi Leila , Jellali Soulef , Oujia Brahim
Published: September 2020

Potential energy curves, spectroscopic parameters, electric dipole moments (PEDM and TEDM) and vibrational levels’ spacing for 141Σ+, 133Σ+, 81,3Π, and 31,3Δ electronic states, including the ionic limit K−Cs+, are highly computed and presented in adiabatic representation. These properties are determined by the use of an ab initio method involving non-empirical pseudo-potentials, the core polarization potentials, the l-dependent cut-off functions, and the full valence configuration interaction. An important shape where an ionic state behaving as (−1/R), has been clearly pointed out in the 1Σ+ symmetry. This irregularity has been made due to the ionic charge transfer state (K−Cs+), which induces a series of avoided crossings at intermediate and long internuclear ranges. It is interesting to note that the ionic character linked to the ionic charge transfer K−Cs+ state has been clearly illustrated in the PEDM. The current calculations on the KCs molecule are complementary to the published theoretical works, including recently observed electronic states that had not been calculated previously. For the low-lying electric states, spectroscopic constants, PEDM, as well as TEDM are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The relevant data of the KCs molecule are meaningful and useful in several prospective experiments such as photo-association experiments or the manipulation of ultra-cold molecules.
Has AMS-02 observed two-component dark matter?
Authors: Profumo Stefano , Queiroz Farinaldo , Siqueira Clarissa
Published: September 2020

There is convincing observational evidence for an increasing cosmic-ray positron-to-electron ratio at energies larger than ∼10 GeV, at odds with expectations from secondary positron production. The most recent AMS-02 data exhibit an interesting spectral feature consisting of a bump at an energy around 300 GeV followed by a drop around ∼800 GeV. A possible explanation for the most recent data is that the excess positron flux originates from decaying dark matter. Here, we show that models consisting of two dark matter particle species contributing equally to the global cosmological dark matter density provide good fits to the data. The favored models, with a best-fit with χ
2/d.o.f ∼ 2, consist of a first species weighing 750 GeV decaying with a lifetime τ

χ
∼ 1026 s to τ lepton pairs (or to a pair of vector bosons subsequently decaying to a τ pair each), and a second species with a mass around 2.3 TeV decaying to μ lepton pairs. We provide a few possible concrete realizations for this scenario.
A new bubbly flow detection and quantification procedure based on optical laser-beam scattering behavior
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mohammad , Alishahi Mohammad Mehdi , Emdad Homayoun
Published: September 2020

In this paper a new bubbly flow measurement procedure is proposed which can be used to both detect and quantify some main features of such flows. The proposed procedure is based on the optical scattering behavior of a laser-beam passing through a bubbly flow. A series of experiments are conducted to evaluate the procedure and important parameters involved such as length of bubbly flow, bubble number density and size distribution. Experimental results confirm the capabilities of the procedure for the detection and quantification of bubbly flows. Also, an optical model of the laser beam behavior in bubbly flow is derived to reevaluate the problem and its results are compared with the obtained experimental results. Outcomes of the optical model, which is in good agreement with the experimental results, emphasizes and describes the strong correlation between the injection strength parameter and forward scattered light intensity. Also, bubble size distribution is found to be in close connection with the amplitude of scattered light fluctuations. Therefore, upon the measurement of optical laser-beam scattering behavior passing through a bubbly flow, various properties of such flows could be determined.
Transfer operator approach to ray-tracing in circular domains
Authors: Slipantschuk J , Richter M , Chappell D J , Tanner G , Just W , Bandtlow O F
Published: September 2020

The computation of wave-energy distributions in the mid-to-high frequency regime can be reduced to ray-tracing calculations. Solving the ray-tracing problem in terms of an operator equation for the energy density leads to an inhomogeneous equation which involves a Perron–Frobenius operator defined on a suitable Sobolev space. Even for fairly simple geometries, let alone realistic scenarios such as typical boundary value problems in room acoustics or for mechanical vibrations, numerical approximations are necessary. Here we study the convergence of approximation schemes by rigorous methods. For circular billiards we prove that convergence of finite-rank approximations using a Fourier basis follows a power law where the power depends on the smoothness of the source distribution driving the system. The relevance of our studies for more general geometries is illustrated by numerical examples.