bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnane X receptor inhibits the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells by down-regulating periostin expression
Authors: Sato Takumi , Shizu Ryota , Baba Ryonosuke , Ooka Akira , Hosaka Takuomi , Kanno Yuichiro , Yoshinari Kouichi
Published: August 2024

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that plays a key role in drug metabolism. Recently, PXR was found to attenuate the development of liver cancer by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in liver cancer cells in a mouse model of two-stage chemical carcinogenesis. To elucidate the role of PXR in the EMT of liver cancer cells, we focused on its role in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are components of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Human HSC-derived LX-2 cells stably expressed destabilization domain (DD)-fused human PXR (hPXR-LX2 cells). Human HCC-derived HepG2 cells were transfected with the EMT marker VIM promoter-regulated reporter plasmid and co-cultured with hPXR-LX2 cells or treated with hPXR-LX2-derived conditioned medium (CM). Co-culture or CM treatment increased reporter activity in HepG2 cells. This induction was attenuated upon PXR activation in hPXR-LX2 cells by treatment with the DD-stabilizing chemical Shield-1 and the human PXR ligand rifampicin. PXR activation in hPXR-LX2 cells exhibited inhibition of TGF-β1-induced transdifferentiation, supported by observations of morphological changes and protein or mRNA levels of the transdifferentiation markers COL1A1 and FN1. PXR activation in hPXR-LX2 cells also attenuated the mRNA levels of the key transdifferentiation factor, POSTN. Treatment of hPXR-LX2 cells with recombinant POSTN restored the PXR-mediated suppression of transdifferentiation. Reporter assays with the POSTN promoter showed that PXR inhibited the NF-κB-mediated transcription of POSTN. Consequently, PXR activation in HSCs is expected to inhibit transdifferentiation by down-regulating POSTN expression, thereby suppressing EMT of liver cancer cells.
Simulated [CII] emission in high-z star-forming galaxies
Authors: Muñoz-Elgueta N. , Arrigoni Battaia F. , Kauffmann G. , Pakmor R. , Walch S. , Obreja A. , Buhlmann L.
Published: August 2024

Extended [CII] emission on tens of kiloparsecs, also known as a [CII] halo, is currently being reported around z ∼ 4 − 6 star-forming galaxies, especially thanks to the statistics of the ALPINE survey. The [CII] emission is expected to trace dense cold gas in the inner circumgalactic medium (CGM) of these galaxies. The origin of this emission is still debated. In this paper, we present a post-processing model applied to TNG50 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 4 − 6, and we compare our results with the ALPINE observations. By incorporating C+ abundances derived from UV background and young stars as radiation sources, we generated mock observations, from which we extracted surface-brightness (SB) profiles. We find that our model predicts similar [CII] emission values on galactic scales as the observations, providing validation for our approach. However, we find that the predicted [CII] emission in the inner CGM falls below the observed values by a factor of ∼10. We discuss several model limitations that may contribute to this discrepancy. We also find discrepancies with observations when comparing SB profiles of low and high star formation rate galaxies. Unlike the observations, simulations exhibit no discernible difference in the extended [CII] emission between the two subsamples. This discrepancy may reflect shortcomings in the feedback model of the simulation. Finally, our analysis suggests that the extended [CII] emission is likely a result of both gas from satellite galaxies and outflows from central galaxies, with satellites playing a dominant role within 0.6 < R/Rvir < 1. A firm estimate of the importance of each contribution is beyond the scope of the current simulations.
The MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey Data Release 2: Wideband continuum catalogues and a measurement of the cosmic radio dipole
Authors: Wagenveld J. D. , Klöckner H.-R. , Gupta N. , Sekhar S. , Jagannathan P. , Deka P. P. , Jose J. , Balashev S. A. , Borgaonkar D. , Chatterjee A. , Combes F. , Emig K. L. , Gaunekar A. N. , Hilton M. , Józsa G. I. G. , Klutse D. Y. , Knowles K. , Krogager J.-K. , Momjian E. , Muller S. , Sikhosana S. P.
Published: August 2024

We present the second data release of the MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS), consisting of wideband continuum catalogues of 391 pointings observed at L band. The full wideband catalogue covers 4344 deg2 of sky, reaches a depth of 10 µJy beam−1, and contains 971 980 sources. With its balance between survey depth and sky coverage, MALS DR2 covers five orders of magnitude of flux density, presenting a robust view of the extragalactic radio source population down to 200 µJy. Using this catalogue, we perform a measurement of the cosmic radio dipole, an anisotropy in the number counts of radio sources with respect to the cosmic background, analogous to the dipole found in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). For this measurement, we present the characterisation of completeness and noise properties of the catalogue, and show that a declination-dependent systematic affects the number density of faint sources. In the dipole measurement on the MALS catalogue, we recover reasonable dipole measurements once we model the declination systematic with a linear fit between the size of the major axis of the restoring beam and the amount of sources of each pointing. The final results are consistent with the CMB dipole in terms of direction and amplitude, unlike many recent measurements of the cosmic radio dipole made with other centimetre wavelength catalogues, which generally show a significantly larger amplitude. This result demonstrates the value of dipole measurements with deeper and more sparse radio surveys, as the population of faint sources probed may have had a significant impact on the measured dipole.
The accreted galaxy: An overview of TESS metal-poor accreted star candidates
Authors: de Brito Silva Danielle , Jofré Paula , Worley Clare , Hawkins Keith , Das Payel
Published: August 2024

The Milky Way is a mosaic of stars from different origins. In particular, metal-poor accreted star candidates offer a unique opportunity to better understand the accretion history of the Milky Way. In this work, we aim to explore the assembly history of the Milky Way by investigating accreted stars in terms of their ages, dynamical properties, and chemical abundances. We also aim to better characterize the impact of incorporating asteroseismic information on age and chemical abundance calculations of metal-poor accreted stars for which TESS data are available. In this study, we conducted an in-depth examination of 30 metal-poor accreted star candidates using TESS and Gaia data as well as MIKE spectra. We find satisfactory agreement between seismic surface gravity (log ɡ) values and values obtained using spectroscopy, demonstrating the reliability of spectroscopic data produced by our methodology. We find that while age determination is highly dependent on the log g and asteroseismic information used, the overall chemical abundance distributions are similar for different log ɡ. However, we find that calcium (Ca) abundances are more sensitive to the adopted log ɡ. Our study reveals that the majority of our stars have properties that are compatible with those reported for the Gai’a-Sausage-Enceladus, with a minority of stars that might be associated with Splash. We find an age distribution with a median of 11.3−4.1+1.3 Gyr when including asteroseismic information. Regarding some key chemical signatures, we note that these stars are metal poor ([Fe/H]) < −0.8), α rich ([α]/Fe] > 0.2), and copper poor ([Cu/Fe] < 0 ), with chemical abundances typical of accreted stars. These findings illustrate the importance of multidimensional analyses in unraveling the complex accretion history of the Milky Way.
TESS discovery of two super-Earths orbiting the M-dwarf stars TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 near the radius valley
Authors: Ghachoui M. , Rackham B. V. , Dévora-Pajares M. , Chouqar J. , Timmermans M. , Kaltenegger L. , Sebastian D. , Pozuelos F. J. , Eastman J. D. , Burgasser A. J. , Murgas F. , Stassun K. G. , Gillon M. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Palle E. , Delrez L. , Jenkins J. M. , Barkaoui K. , Narita N. , de Leon J. P. , Mori M. , Shporer A. , Rowden P. , Kostov V. , Fűrész G. , Collins K. A. , Schwarz R. P. , Charbonneau D. , Guerrero N. M. , Ricker G. , Jehin E. , Fukui A. , Kawai Y. , Hayashi Y. , Esparza-Borges E. , Parviainen H. , Clark C. A. , Ciardi D. R. , Polanski A. S. , Schleider J. , Gilbert E. A. , Crossfield I. J. M. , Barclay T. , Dressing C. D. , Karpoor P. R. , Softich E. , Gerasimov R. , Davoudi F.
Published: August 2024

We present the validation of two TESS super-Earth candidates transiting the mid-M dwarfs TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 every 10.90 and 10.44 days, respectively. The first star (TOI-6002) is located 32.038 ± 0.019 pc away, with a radius of 0.2409−0.0065+0.0066 R⊙, a mass of 0.2105−0.0048+0.0049 M⊙, and an effective temperature of 3229−57+77 K. The second star (TOI-5713) is located 40.946 ± 0.032 pc away, with a radius of 0.2985−0.0072+0.0073 R⊙, a mass of 0.2653 ± 0.0061 M⊙, and an effective temperature of 3225−40+41 K. We validated the planets using TESS data, ground-based multi-wavelength photometry from many ground-based facilities, as well as high-resolution AO observations from Keck/NIRC2. TOI-6002 b has a radius of 1.65−0.19+0.22 R⊕ and receives 1.77−0.110.16S⊕. TOI-5713 b has a radius of 1.77−0.11+0.13 R⊕ and receives 2.42 ± 0.11S⊕. Both planets are located near the radius valley and near the inner edge of the habitable zone of their host stars, which makes them intriguing targets for future studies to understand the formation and evolution of small planets around M-dwarf stars.
Microlensing brown-dwarf companions in binaries detected during the 2022 and 2023 seasons
Authors: Han Cheongho , Bond Ian A. , Udalski Andrzej , Lee Chung-Uk , Gould Andrew , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Yang Hongjing , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Doeon , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Abe Fumio , Bando Ken , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fujii Hirosame , Fukui Akihiko , Hamada Ryusei , Hamada Shunya , Hamasaki Naoto , Hirao Yuki , Silva Stela Ishitani , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Koshimoto Naoki , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagai Tutumi , Nunota Kansuke , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tomoyoshi Mio , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Yamashita Kansuke , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz , Mróz Mateusz J.
Published: August 2024

Aims. Building on previous works to construct a homogeneous sample of brown dwarfs in binary systems, we investigate microlensing events detected by the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) survey during the 2022 and 2023 seasons.

Methods. Given the difficulty in distinguishing brown-dwarf events from those produced by binary lenses with nearly equal-mass components, we analyze all lensing events detected during the seasons that exhibit anomalies characteristic of binary-lens systems.

Results. Using the same criteria consistently applied in previous studies, we identify six additional brown dwarf candidates through the analysis of lensing events KMT-2022-BLG-0412, KMT-2022-BLG-2286, KMT-2023-BLG-0201, KMT-2023-BLG-0601, KMT-2023-BLG-1684, and KMT-2023-BLG-1743. An examination of the mass posteriors shows that the median mass of the lens companions ranges from 0.02 M⊙ to 0.05 M⊙, indicating that these companions fall within the brown-dwarf mass range. The mass of the primary lenses ranges from 0.11 M⊙ to 0.68 M⊙, indicating that they are low-mass stars with substantially lower masses compared to the Sun.
From 100 MHz to 10 GHz: Unveiling the spectral evolution of the X-shaped radio galaxy in Abell 3670
Authors: Bruno L. , Brienza M. , Zanichelli A. , Gitti M. , Ubertosi F. , Rajpurohit K. , Venturi T. , Dallacasa D.
Published: August 2024

Context. X-shaped radio galaxies (XRGs) are characterised by two pairs of misaligned lobes: active lobes hosting radio jets and the wings. None of the formation mechanisms proposed thus far are able to exhaustively reproduce the diverse features observed among XRGs. Emerging evidence has proposed the existence of sub-populations of XRGs forming via different processes.

Aims. The brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in Abell 3670 (A3670) is a dumbbell system hosting the XRG MRC 2011-298. The morphological and spectral properties of this interesting XRG were first characterised based on Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) data at 1–10 GHz. In the present work, we follow up on MRC 2011-298 with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at 120–800 MHz to further constrain its properties and origin.

Methods. We carried out a detailed spectral analysis sampling different spatial scales. Integrated radio spectra, spectral index maps, radio colour-colour diagrams, and radiative age maps of both the active lobes and prominent wings were employed to test the origin of the source.

Results. We confirm a progressive spectral steepening from the lobes to the wings. The maximum radiative age of the source is ~80 Myr, with the wings being older than the lobes by ≳30 Myr in their outermost regions.

Conclusions. The observed properties are in line with an abrupt reorientation of the jets by ~90 deg from the direction of the wings to their present position. This formation mechanism is further supported by the comparison with numerical simulations in the literature, which additionally highlight the role of hydrodynamic processes in the evolution of large wings such as those of MRC 2011-298. It is plausible that the coalescence of supermassive black holes could have triggered the spin-flip of the jets. Moreover, we show that the S-shape of the radio jets is likely driven by precession with a period of P ~ 10 Myr.
A study on the performances of the run sum X̄ chart under the gamma process
Authors: Le Goh Kai , Teoh Wei Lin , Chong Zhi Lin , Ong Kai Lin , El-Ghandour Laila
Published: August 2024

The run sum (RS) X̄ chart is known as a simple and powerful tool for monitoring the mean of a process. Most developments of the RS X̄ chart assume that the underlying process comes from a normal distribution. However, in practice, many processes tend to follow a non-normal distribution. These non-normal processes affect the performances of control charts under the design of normal distribution. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis on the performances of the RS X̄ chart when the underlying data come from a gamma distribution. By using Monte Carlo simulation approach, the run-length properties, namely the average run length and the standard deviation of the run length will be computed. Particularly, the 4 and 7 regions RS X̄ charts under both distributions are considered. When the charts’ parameters specifically designed for the normal distribution are used to monitor the data from a gamma distribution, simulated results show that RS X̄ charts’ performances are significantly deteriorated. The RS X̄ chart has higher false alarm rates when the underlying distribution is gamma.
Investigation of the fixed-point theorem on a complete cone metric space
Authors: Rahma Zuhra , Hafnani Hafnani , Rini Oktavia
Published: August 2024

Metric space is the one of topics in mathematical analysis which is still being studied and developed. Previous research has extended the contraction mappings and completeness properties from metric spaces to other spaces such as cone metric spaces. This research will prove a fixed-point theorem on cone metric spaces, construct a function and maps to [0,1), then add several conditions to the theorem, namely partially ordered, contraction mapping, and non-decreasing and continuous functions. The outcomes include evidence indicating a unique fixed point in cone metric space. As consequence, there are three different characteristics for contraction mapping expressed in three corollaries.
Factors Influencing Cloud Business Intelligence Adoption and Use at Organisational Level
Authors: Sultan Hasnain , Chan Lee-Kwun , Siew Pei-Hwa , Lee Chen Kang
Published: August 2024

The integration of cloud computing and business intelligence enables analytics solutions through cloud environments. Despite the fears about issues such as security, privacy, and loss of data control issue, many enterprises are increasingly adopting cloud business intelligence (cloud BI). The interest in cloud BI is greatest among businesses and organisations. Yet, the extant literature reveals that little research related to the factors impacting the adoption of cloud BI at the level of organisations. This study aims to identify key factors that impact the adoption and utilisation of cloud BI, focusing on organisational level, which will serve as valuable resources for organisations, helping them to implement cloud BI adoption securely and efficiently in business operations. Wymer and Regan's criteria are used as the basis for analysis. From the results of the study, it is evident that there are 18 factors that significantly impact the adoption and continual usage of cloud BI services in organisations: Complexity, Privacy, Competitive pressure, Security, Government support, Availability, Relative advantage, Culture, Management support, Observability, Regulatory support, Technology readiness, Type of system, Organisation size, Trialability, Effective adaptable solutions, Compatibility, and Scalability. The findings can help Organisations, cloud BI service providers, and governments to develop cloud BI adoption strategies.
Most suitable threshold method for extremes in financial data with different volatility levels
Authors: Mosala Retselisitsoe , Rachuene Kgoane Agreement , Shongwe Sandile Charles
Published: August 2024

Estimating the threshold for extreme values is essential for anticipating and managing rare and impactful events. This paper discusses four different graphical methods of estimating thresholds using three different stock price datasets. The datasets have different levels of volatility (classified as low, medium, and high). For each of the datasets, thresholds are estimated, and a generalised Pareto distribution is then fitted to the exceedances above each threshold. Subsequently, the mean squared error is calculated for each fitted model, which is then used together with the number of exceedances for each respective threshold as criteria to analyse and make inferences on the most suitable threshold approach when using a dataset that has a specified degree of volatility. It was observed that when dealing with a dataset with low volatility, Pickand plot should be considered for threshold setting. When volatility is very moderate or high, using Hill plot to determine thresholds for extreme values is recommended. The motivation for this paper lies in the need to explore and identify the most effective threshold estimation methods when dealing with different levels of stock price volatility.
Determination of characteristics of stunting risk families in Subulussalam, Aceh in 2022 using k-modes cluster analysis
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Sofyan Hizir , Usman Tarmizi , Marzuki Marzuki
Published: August 2024

Stunting is a disruption in the growth and development of children caused by nutritional deficiencies and recurrent infections. Stunting can lead to a decline in intelligence levels and lower educational achievements. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of families at risk of stunting in the Subulussalam City. This study utilizes data from the Family Census conducted by the National Family Planning Coordination Board (BKKBN) in 2021. The data consists of 8,954 households at risk of stunting, using 10 variables for stunting risk calculation, such as households with children under two years old, under five years old, households with a fertile-aged wife, households without access to safe drinking water, and others. This study employs the k-modes cluster analysis method, which involves grouping a dataset based on specific variables into k clusters. The k-modes algorithm randomly selects k objects as cluster centers and calculates the distance of each object to the cluster modes. Households at risk of stunting in Subulussalam City mostly exhibit characteristics of having a fertile-aged wife and having too many children. Most households at risk of stunting already have access to safe drinking water and proper toilets. Clustering using k-modes resulted in an optimal k model with k =2 (SW/SB ratio) and k =5 (R-Squared). The model with k =2 revealed significant differences in the variables of households with children under two years old and ownership of proper toilets.
Computing regularized splines in the Riemannian manifold of probability measures
Authors: Tam Tran Tien , Adouani Ines , SAMIR Chafik
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we give  new  numerical methods to solve $C^{2}$  splines for interpolating a finite set  of probability measures. Due to the difficulties of generalizing  interpolations   and solving them with explicit expressions  on  manifolds, we  first  introduce a  theoretical analysis with different structures on the Riemannian manifold of probability measures $\mathcal{P} _{+}(I)$. Then, by combining standard numerical methods and a new mathematical modeling we generalize  interpolating splines as a minimizer of an energy functional  on $\mathcal{P} _{+}(I)$. Finally, we show  the efficiency of the proposed methods and their computational relevance with several applications.
Die TelefonSeelsorge – unerlässlich in der psychosozialen
Versorgung
Authors: Freitag Tina
Published: August 2024

Das Angebot der TelefonSeelsorge ist vielen Menschen bekannt. Es ist anonym, kostenfrei, für alle
Menschen und immer erreichbar. Wie dieses niedrigschwellige Angebot ermöglicht und ausgestaltet wird,
welche Themen und Anliegen Anrufende mitbringen und welchen Stellenwert das Angebot der TelefonSeelsorge
in der psychosozialen Versorgung einnimmt, soll hier vorgestellt werden.
Gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen und ihr Einfluss auf die Beziehungsgestaltung – Einblicke aus der Paartherapie
Authors: Förster Jens , Nussbaum Manfred
Published: August 2024

Die Gestaltung und Zufriedenheit von Paarbeziehungen stehen in rekursiver Beziehung zu gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen. Auf der Grundlage eigener Erfahrungen in der paartherapeutischen Praxis und wissenschaftlicher Forschung diskutieren wir wechselseitige Einflüsse des Rechtsrucks in Deutschland, der Digitalisierung, der Corona-Politik und des Klimawandels und stellen neue Fragen für die Paartherapie.
Der Mensch als Beziehungsgeschöpf – Visionen am Ende der Epoche des Individuums
Authors: Rotthaus Wilhelm
Published: August 2024

Durch die Erfindung des Individuums im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert sowie die Ausweitung und Zuspitzung dieser Idee im Laufe der Jahrhunderte verlor der europäisch geprägte Mensch der westlichen Welt zunehmend ein Erleben für seine existenzielle Einbettung in ein vielfältiges Beziehungsnetz zu seiner lebenden und nicht lebenden Umwelt. Hier liegt der tiefere Grund für die aktuelle Krise, die als Umbruchphase am Ende der Epoche des Individuums zu betrachten ist.
Lameness prevalence in lactating and dry cows – expert's,
student's and farmers' assessments
Authors: Laschinger Jasmin , Linnenkohl Sophie , Fuerst-Waltl Birgit , Kofler Johann
Published: August 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in lameness
prevalence among Austrian dairy farms for both lactating and dry cows as
assessed by locomotion scoring (LCS 1–5) by an expert and a student who had
received brief training in locomotion scoring and by farmers’ estimates and by
farmers’ lameness assessments.

Materials and methods In total, 632 cows from 11 farms were evaluated,
including 553 lactating and 79 dry cows. Lameness prevalence was calculated for
all farms collectively as well as for individual farms. The ratio of lameness
prevalence determined by the student/expert (Student’s Assessment Index: SAI),
the ratio between farmers’ assessments/expert assessments (Farmers’ Assessment
Index: FAI) and the ratio between farmers’ estimates/expert assessments
(Farmers’ Detection Index: FDI) were calculated.

Results For the expert, the mean lameness prevalence (LCS≥2) among all 632
cows was 63.1%, while for the student it was 60.2%, and the farmers’ assessment
was 37.3%, resulting in a mean difference of 25.8% between the expert and the
farmers. In cows with LCS 2, the SAI was 99.6%, in cows with LCS 3, it was
84.4%, and in cows with LCS≥4, it was 88.6%. The mean FDI and FAI for all cows
on the 11 farms were 35.1% and 58.2%, respectively, with wide variation across
farms (6.8–79.1% and 17.8–94.7%, respectively). Overall, lactating and dry cows
exhibited a high mean lameness prevalence (63.9% vs. 59.6%), which differed by
only 4.3%.

Conclusions and clinical relevance Farmers should actively assess their
cattle for lameness on a regular basis. Moreover, they should be trained to
identify lame cows (lactating and dry cows), especially those showing mild
lameness (LCS 2). Since the recently trained student achieved similar high
recognition rates as the expert, it is assumed that a training in locomotion
scoring can contribute to higher recognition rates.
Erstmaliger Nachweis des SLC2A9:p.C188F Gendefekts bei einem
Deutschen Jagdterrier mit Ammoniumurat-Urolithiasis
Authors: Emming Christin , Hadjiafxentis Michael , Liesegang Annette , Gampe Lukas
Published: August 2024

Ein 1,5-jähriger, männlich intakter Deutscher Jagdterrier wurde erstmalig 2018
mit Hämaturie vorstellig. In einer abdominalen Ultraschalluntersuchung wurden
multiple hyperechogene Strukturen in der Harnblase festgestellt. Eine
Urinuntersuchung wies auf eine hochgradige Ammoniumurat- oder
Xanthin-Kristallurie hin. Erst nach einer Zystotomie und einer Harnsteinanalyse
konnte 2019 eine Ammoniumurat-Urolithiasis diagnostiziert werden. Der Patient
wurde homozygot für die SLC2A9:p.C188F Variante, welche in eine
hochgradige Hyperurikämie und Hyperurikosurie resultiert, getestet. Diese
Kasuistik berichtet über den ersten publizierten Fall eines Deutschen
Jagdterriers, bei dem die SLC2A9:p.C188F Variante nachgewiesen wurde. Die
Leserschaft soll dafür sensibilisiert werden, dass dieser Gendefekt auch in
anderen Rassen als Dalmatinern auftreten kann.
Abdominale Aortenmalformation bei 2 Hunden
Authors: Jährig Rodja Aljoscha , Paulus Christiane , Brinkmeier Hannah , Kroeblin Anne , Güssow Arne , Hartung Svenja , Schaub Sebastian , Schneider Matthias Alois
Published: August 2024

Aneurysmen der Aorta abdominalis sind in der tierärztlichen Literatur nur
vereinzelt dokumentiert. Diese Veröffentlichung beschreibt 2 Fälle beim Hund,
bei welchen jeweils eine abdominale Aortenmalformation mittels Sonografie
festgestellt und mittels Computertomografie bestätigt werden konnte. In einem
Fall konnte histologisch die Diagnose eines Aortenaneurysmas gestellt
werden.

Ein Hund zeigte eine Hinterhandschwäche, beim zweiten Hund war das
Aortenaneurysma bei einer Routineuntersuchung sonografisch aufgefallen.

Bei dem ersten Patienten mit dem nachgewiesenen Aortenaneurysma besteht die
Vermutung, dass aufgrund des veränderten Flussprofils und der auftretenden
Turbulenzen eine hämodynamisch relevante Komponente vorliegt. Entsprechend
humanmedizinischen Standards erscheint daher eine regelmäßige Überwachung dieser
Patienten, sowohl klinisch als auch mittels Sonografie, sinnvoll, um so ein
Auftreten oder Fortschreiten sekundärer hämodynamischer Veränderungen und eine
eventuelle Thrombenbildung frühzeitig erkennen zu können. Der zweite hier
vorgestellte Fall zeigt im Gegensatz dazu bis zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt keine
klinischen Symptome hinsichtlich seiner abdominalen Gefäßmalformation.
Twenty-Three Years of Declining Lithium Use: Analysis of a
Pharmacoepidemiological Dataset from German-Speaking Countries
Authors: Greil Waldemar , de Bardeci Mateo , Nievergelt Nadja , Toto Sermin , Grohmann Renate , Seifert Johanna , Schoretsanitis Georgios
Published: August 2024

Introduction Pharmacoepidemiological data suggest that lithium
prescriptions for bipolar disorder are gradually decreasing, with less attention
having been paid to other indications.

Methods We examined lithium prescriptions between 1994 and 2017 in data
provided by the Drug Safety in Psychiatry Program AMSP, including psychiatric
hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. We compared lithium use for
different diagnoses before and after 2001 and in three periods (T1: 1994–2001,
T2: 2002–2009, and T3: 2010–2017).

Results In a total of 158,384 adult inpatients (54% female, mean age
47.4±17.0 years), we observed a statistically significant decrease in lithium
prescriptions between 1994–2000 and 2001–2017 in patients with schizophrenia
spectrum disorder from 7.7% to 5.1% and in patients with affective disorders
from 16.8% to 9.6%. Decreases in use were also observed for diagnostic
subgroups: schizoaffective disorder (ICD-10 F25: 27.8% to 17.4%), bipolar
disorder (F31: 41.3% to 31%), depressive episode (F32: 8.1% to 3.4%), recurrent
depression (F33: 17.9% to 7.5%, all: p<0.001) and emotionally unstable
(borderline) personality disorder (6.3% to 3.9%, p=0.01). The results in T1 vs.
T2 vs. T3 were for F25: 26.7% vs. 18.2% vs. 16.2%, F32: 7.7% vs. 4.2% vs. 2.7%,
F33: 17.2% vs. 8.6% vs. 6.6% and for F31: 40.8% vs. 31.7% vs 30.0%, i. e. there
was no further decrease for lithium use in bipolar disorder after 2002.
Lithium’s main psychotropic co-medications were quetiapine (21.1%), lorazepam
(20.6%), and olanzapine (15.2%).

Discussion In inpatients, the use of lithium has decreased in patients
with bipolar disorder and also with various other psychiatric diagnoses.
Besser arbeiten
Authors: Pintarelli-Rauschenbach Manuela
Published: August 2024

Erinnern Sie sich noch? Was war bei Ihrer Berufswahl ausschlaggebend dafür, dass Sie eine
physiotherapeutische Ausbildung angesteuert haben? Wir wollten von angehenden Therapeut*innen wissen, was
sich ändern müsste, damit mehr junge Menschen die Physiotherapie als Berufsweg wählen. Lesen Sie auf den
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Investigating how subject teachers transition to integrated STEM education: A hybrid qualitative study on primary and middle school teachers
Authors: Mao Gang , Zhang Qianying , Ma Tingyan , Li Feiming , Lan Min
Published: August 2024

Encouraging subject teachers to transition to integrated STEM education is an important measure to address the shortage of STEM teachers. However, there is limited research available on the process and characteristics of STEM teacher identity transformation. The study used a hybrid method of Grounded Theory and Epistemic Network Analysis to analyze interview texts of 10 STEM teachers from Zhejiang Province, China. Research has shown that subject teachers go through three stages when transitioning to integrated STEM education: imitation, exploration, and innovation. Throughout each stage, the teacher’s identity changes as they gain a better understanding of integrated STEM education, curriculum and project design, practical methods, and teaching reflection. The study has identified three paths for the transformation of STEM teacher identity, which are influenced by factors such as gender, professional background, school type, and location. Additionally, the study proposes strategies that could encourage subject teachers to transition toward STEM education.
Kinetic numerical scaling of Alfven cyclotron instability in non-thermal solar wind plasmas
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Ahsan , Aman-ur-Rehman  , Bilal Muhammad , Sarfraz Muhammad , Ramzan Saba , Mahmood Shahzad
Published: August 2024

Linear plasma kinetic theory for a non-thermal, magnetized, homogeneous, and collisionless plasma is incorporated to study Alfvén cyclotron instability (ACI) driven by the ion/proton perpendicular temperature anisotropy (T⊥p/T∥p>1) (⊥, ∥ symbols designate directions perpendicular and parallel to ambient magnetic field, respectively), and the wave propagation is considered in the direction of the ambient magnetic field (k→∥B→0) with left hand circular polarization. We consider that electron–proton plasma with kappa distributed electrons and protons is taken to be Vasyliunas–Cairns distributed. We, further, validated our model distributions for the electrons and ions against the observations of solar wind at various heliocentric distances. The transverse dielectric response function of ACI is calculated and numerically solved to study its dispersion and growth characteristics under the influence of pertinent parameters, i.e., non-thermal parameters of protons and electrons αp, κp, and κe, proton and electron temperature anisotropy ratios τp,e=T⊥p,e/T∥p,e, and plasma beta of protons (β∥p(VC) and β∥p(M)). A concept of the non-thermality dependent effective temperature model is invoked, which updates plasma beta and makes it a non-thermality dependent quantity. The dispersion and growth rates of ACI are found appreciably and significantly augmented in the case of non-thermal protons as compared to Maxwellian protons previously presented by [Gary et al., J. Geophys. Res. 117, A08201 (2012); 122, 464–474 (2017)]. The increase in the magnitude of proton parameters enhances the growth rate of the instability, whereas the increment in electron parameters inhibits the growth rate. This study is advantageous to understand the plasma dynamics of natural environments, such as magnetosphere and solar wind, where the excessive non-thermal populations are present that cannot be modeled by the Maxwellian distribution.
Self-generated magnetic fields in the hot spot of direct-drive cryogenic implosions at Omega
Authors: Frank C. A. , Bose A.
Published: August 2024

This work reports that Biermann self-generated magnetic fields of ≈200 MG and Hall parameters of ≈1.5 are produced in the stagnation phase of direct-drive cryogenic implosions at Omega. The magnetic fields produce a drop of 2.4% in fusion yield and 1% in ion temperature. A quantitative estimate of the effect of self-generated magnetic fields on yield and ion temperature is essential, since direct measurements of these fields are not available. Reconstructed simulations of the 50 Gbar implosions, with all the stagnation measurements reproduced simultaneously by a combination of mid- and low-mode asymmetries as degradation mechanisms [Bose et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 062701 (2018)], are used to obtain the estimates. The magnetic fields cause a decrease in yield due to the Righi–Leduc heat flow, which exceeds any benefits from heat flow suppression due to magnetization. It is important to note that both direct-drive Omega-scale implosions and indirect-drive National Ignition Facility (NIF)-scale implosions [Walsh et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 155001 (2017)] produce similar estimates for the magnetic field strength, and both show a decrease in fusion yield, with the Righi–Leduc transport as the loss mechanism. However, the yield degradation at Omega is small and lower by ≈5× compared to the indirect-drive ignition-scale NIF estimate.
Progress toward absolute calibrations of DC x-ray sources from 1 keV to >30 keV for Z diagnostics applications
Authors: Webb Timothy J. , Lake Patrick W.
Published: August 2024

Numerous x-ray diagnostics at the Z facility, time-resolved and time-integrated, would benefit from a local calibrated x-ray source. For many years, Z has used low-power Manson x-ray sources to provide some characterization information for components of Z diagnostics below 30 keV. More recently, we have acquired TruFocus x-ray sources, which operate at voltages up to 100 kV depending on the anode material and model. These DC sources have demonstrated good stability and repeatability. Absolute calibrations of either sources or detectors usually involve another calibrated detector from another source, which has not been readily available locally. Therefore, we have adopted the strategy of characterizing a sensitive semiconductor diode detector by controlling or inferring the active volume. This characterized detector is then used to scale the Manson x-ray spectral shape as measured by an Amptek energy-resolving detector. The result agrees well with the modeled source spectrum. We can apply this technique to the TruFocus as well.
Cross Sections for Electron Collisions with the CO2 Molecule and CO2+ Molecular Ion
Authors: Song Mi-Young , Cho Hyuck , Karwasz Grzegorz P. , Kokoouline Viatcheslav , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Electron collision cross section data are complied from the literature for electron collisions with the carbon dioxide molecule, CO2 and the CO2+ ion. Cross sections are collected and reviewed for total scattering, elastic scattering, momentum transfer, rotational excitation, vibrational excitation, electronic excitation, dissociative processes and ionization. The literature has been surveyed up to the end 2023. For each of these processes, the recommended values of the cross sections are presented with an estimated uncertainty.
On the wake of two transversely counter-rotating inline spheres in a uniform flow
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Das S. P. , Tiwari Shaligram
Published: August 2024

Flows past large particles in various engineering and industrial applications, such as combustion systems, atmospheric flows, chemical industries, transport phenomena, and blood cells in blood vessels, demonstrate interesting features of wake interaction. These interactions modify the wake characteristics and dynamic forces acting on the particles. In the present study, three-dimensional numerical computations are performed on uniform flow over two transversely counter-rotating inline spheres to analyze how the interactions affect the wake and dynamic characteristics. Numerical computations are performed using the Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation for a fixed value of Reynolds number (Re) of 300, which is defined based on the free stream velocity (U∞) and the sphere diameter (D). Spheres are rotated in opposite direction with the same angular velocity ω*=ωD2U∞, which is varied from 0 to 1. Here, ω* is the angular velocity normalized by the free stream velocity and the sphere diameter. The non-dimensionalized spacing (S) between spheres varies from 0.25 to 3. Three-dimensional iso-Q surfaces and streamlines are presented to illustrate the effect of S and ω* on wake structures of both spheres. For S ≤ 1, both upstream and downstream sphere wakes are found to be steady at ω* ≤ 0.4, whereas unsteady for ω* ≥ 0.6. However, the mechanism of unsteadiness for upstream and downstream wakes is different. In the upstream wake, instability is caused by vortex shedding from sphere surface, whereas in the downstream wake vortices are generated due to shear layer instability of the Kelvin–Helmhotz type. Hilbert spectra for lift coefficient signals of both spheres are presented to qualitatively measure the variation in the extent of nonlinearity associated with unsteady wake with a change in the value of S and ω*. The variation in Strouhal number, drag, and lift forces with a change in the value of S and ω* also demonstrated.
Accurate and efficient open-source implementation of domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) coupled-cluster theory using a t1-transformed Hamiltonian
Authors: Jiang Andy , Glick Zachary L. , Poole David , Turney Justin M. , Sherrill C. David , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: August 2024

We present an efficient, open-source formulation for coupled-cluster theory through perturbative triples with domain-based local pair natural orbitals [DLPNO-CCSD(T)]. Similar to the implementation of the DLPNO-CCSD(T) method found in the ORCA package, the most expensive integral generation and contraction steps associated with the CCSD(T) method are linear-scaling. In this work, we show that the t1-transformed Hamiltonian allows for a less complex algorithm when evaluating the local CCSD(T) energy without compromising efficiency or accuracy. Our algorithm yields sub-kJ mol−1 deviations for relative energies when compared with canonical CCSD(T), with typical errors being on the order of 0.1 kcal mol−1, using our TightPNO parameters. We extensively tested and optimized our algorithm and parameters for non-covalent interactions, which have been the most difficult interaction to model for orbital (PNO)-based methods historically. To highlight the capabilities of our code, we tested it on large water clusters, as well as insulin (787 atoms).
Robust solid boundary treatment for compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Villodi Navaneet , Ramachandran Prabhu
Published: August 2024

The unavailability of accurate boundary treatment methods for compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) severely limits its ability to simulate flows in and around bodies. To this end, challenges specific to compressible flows with SPH are carefully considered. Based on these, robust and widely applicable boundary treatment methods for compressible SPH are proposed. These are accompanied by a novel technique to prevent particle penetration at boundaries. The proposed methods are shown to be significantly better than other recent approaches. A wide variety of test problems, many of which are not shown to be simulated with SPH thus far, are employed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed methods. The implementation is open source and the results are automated in the interest of reproducibility. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of SPH as a viable alternative to mesh-based methods for compressible flow simulations.
Dynamics of spinning pipes conveying a variable-density fluid
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Guangding , Bao Rui , Yuan Huiqun
Published: August 2024

In this study, the dynamical behavior of spinning pipes conveying fluid of axially variable density is investigated. First, based on Hamilton's principle, the coupled governing equations for flexural vibration of the pipe system are derived. Then, the motion equations are truncated by using the Galerkin method. As a result, the discretized motion equations as well as the eigenfrequency equations of the system are obtained. The natural frequencies, divergence, and flutter instability thresholds of the fluid–structure interaction system are acquired by computing the complex frequencies in the first two modes of the system. Also, a comparative study is conducted to validate the accuracy of the present model and solution approach. Finally, the effects of main parameters, such as spinning velocity, flow velocity, mass ratio, and fluid density gradient parameter, on the vibration and stability of the pipe system are evaluated. The results show that the stability of the pipe system is dominated by the mass ratio and the fluid density gradient parameters, while the spinning velocity mainly affects the natural frequency of the system.
An implicit lattice Boltzmann method for simulations of compressible plasma kinetics
Authors: Huang Haoyu , Jin Ke , Li Kai , Li Heng , Zheng Xiaojing
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an implicit lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to speed up the simulations of compressible plasma kinetics is presented. The Boltzmann Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook equations and magnetohydrodynamics equations are used to construct a plasma simulation model. The implicit LBM needs to solve the mesoscopic equation and the macroscopic equations in each time step. The equilibrium stage distribution function and the electromagnetic force term at next time step can be predicted, by solving the macroscopic equations implicitly. Both the macroscopic and mesoscopic implicit equations are solved by using the lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel factorization. Four numerical test cases, Riemann problem, shock reflection problem, Orszag-Tang vortex problem, and three-dimensional explosion in a box, have been performed to validate the implicit algorithm. The computational efficiency of the implicit LBM for compressible plasma flow can be improved by 8–25 times with the explicit LBM, which greatly reduces the computational cost.
Harmonically pitching airfoil in a periodic streamwise superimposed flow
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Yongfei , Wang Peiyuan , Li Mingshui
Published: August 2024

The unsteady lift of a NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 0015 airfoil with harmonic pitching frequency fα encountering periodic streamwise superimposed flow is investigated via a wind tunnel test. An extended method for predicting the unsteady lift characteristics of a pitching airfoil under incoming flow superimposed of various sinusoidal flow with multiple frequencies fu is presented and experimentally verified. The spectral result of the experiment confirms the existence of the sum frequency fα+fu and the difference frequency |fα−fu|, indicating that the pitch motion frequency and the sinusoidal flow frequency interact as Greenberg's theory. The amplitude and phase of unsteady lift in the frequency of pitching motion would not change with the change of sinusoidal streamwise flow. In the situation of periodic superimposed flow, it is seen that the sinusoidal inflow components of various frequencies do not interact with the pitching frequency together. This means that there were neither |fα−fu1−fu2| nor fα+fu1+fu2 present in an incoming flow superimposed of two sinusoidal flow with different frequencies, fu1 and fu2. The results of all cases indicate that the amplitude and phase of a frequency combined of pitching frequency and fu1 or fu2 in a periodic superimposed flow are the same as those of corresponding frequency in a sinusoidal streamwise flow under the condition of small disturbance. The Fourier amplitude spectra further corroborate this result by showing that superposition can be used to estimate the unsteady lift in the situation of periodic superimposed flow.
Explicit filtering for large eddy simulation as use of a spectral buffer
Authors: Mathew Joseph
Published: August 2024

The explicit filtering method for large eddy simulation (LES), which comprises integration of the governing equations without any added terms for sub-grid-scale modeling, and the application of a low-pass filter to transported fields, is discussed. The shapes of filter response functions of numerical schemes for spatial derivatives and the explicit filter that have been used for several LES are examined. Generally, these are flat (no filtering) over a range of low wavenumbers and then fall off over a small range of the highest represented wavenumbers. It is argued that this high wavenumber part can be viewed as a spectral buffer analogous to physical buffer (or sponge) zones used near outflow boundaries. With grid refinement, this buffer moves to higher wavenumbers and solutions are obtained with little change over a range of low wavenumbers but with added, correct, high wavenumber content. Examples show LES solutions to converge toward direct numerical simulations monotonically. Connections to other widely used methods are also explained.