bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gorenstein cohomology of N-complexes
Authors: Lu Bo , Di Zhenxing
Published: August 2019

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be [Formula: see text]-complexes with [Formula: see text] an integer such that [Formula: see text] has finite Gorenstein projective dimension and [Formula: see text] has finite Gorenstein injective dimension. We define the [Formula: see text]th Gorenstein cohomology groups [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] via a strict Gorenstein precover [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and a strict Gorenstein preenvelope [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. Using Gaussian binomial coefficients we show that there exists an isomorphism [Formula: see text] which extends the balance result of Liu [Relative cohomology of complexes. J. Algebra 502 (2018) 79–97] to the [Formula: see text]-complex case.
Dispersion Reduction for the Wave Propagation Problems Using a Coupled “FE-Meshfree” Triangular Element
Authors: Chai Yingbin , You Xiangyu , Li Wei
Published: August 2019

As is known to all, there always exists the numerical dispersive effects of the standard finite element (FE) for the wave propagation problems and the corresponding FE solutions are usually unreliable in relatively high frequency range. In this work, a coupled “FE-Meshfree” element based on triangular mesh is introduced to reduce the dispersion effects for wave propagation problems. In this coupled element, the standard FE nodal shape functions are combined with the meshfree nodal shape functions to give a new hybrid nodal shape functions. As a result, both the individual advantages of the FE technique and the meshfree technique are strengthened by the present hybrid method. Through the dispersion analysis for the wave propagation problems, it is found that this coupled “FE-Meshfree” element could significantly reduce the numerical dispersive effects and it also have a higher tolerance to the mesh distortion than the other existing elements, hence the present method is quite promising to handle the general wave propagation problems in practical engineering application.
Growth-in-time of higher Sobolev norms of solutions to the 1D Dirac–Klein–Gordon system
Authors: Tesfahun Achenef
Published: August 2019

We study the growth-in-time of higher order Sobolev norms of solutions to the Dirac–Klein–Gordon (DKG) equations in one space dimension. We show that these norms grow at most polynomially-in-time. The main ingredients in the proof are the upside-down [Formula: see text]-method which was introduced by Colliander, Keel, Staffilani, Takaoka and Tao, and bilinear null-form estimates.
Mitochondrial DNA Mutation, Diseases, and Nutrient-Regulated Mitophagy
Authors: Yang Xuan , Zhang Ruoyu , Nakahira Kiichi , Gu Zhenglong
Published: August 2019

A wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders, have been shown to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction through multiple molecular mechanisms. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to nutrient deficiencies, and nutritional intervention is an essential way to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent advances in genetic manipulation and next-generation sequencing reveal the crucial roles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in various pathophysiological conditions. Mitophagy, a term coined to describe autophagy that targets dysfunctional mitochondria, has emerged as an important cellular process to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and has been shown to be regulated by various nutrients and nutritional stresses. Given the high prevalence of mtDNA mutations in humans and their impact on mitochondrial function, it is important to investigate the mechanisms that regulate mtDNA mutation. Here, we discuss mitochondrial genetics and mtDNA mutations and their implications for human diseases. We also examine the role of mitophagy as a therapeutic target, highlighting how nutrients may eliminate mtDNA mutations through mitophagy.
Modern Algorithms for Matching in Observational Studies
Authors: Rosenbaum Paul R.
Published: August 2019

Using a small example as an illustration, this article reviews multivariate matching from the perspective of a working scientist who wishes to make effective use of available methods. The several goals of multivariate matching are discussed. Matching tools are reviewed, including propensity scores, covariate distances, fine balance, and related methods such as near-fine and refined balance, exact and near-exact matching, tactics addressing missing covariate values, the entire number, and checks of covariate balance. Matching structures are described, such as matching with a variable number of controls, full matching, subset matching and risk-set matching. Software packages in R are described. A brief review is given of the theory underlying propensity scores and the associated sensitivity analysis concerning an unobserved covariate omitted from the propensity score.
GABA receptors differentially regulate life span and health span in C. elegans through distinct downstream mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Fengling , Zhou Jiejun , Xu Lingxiu , Jia Wenxin , Chun Lei , Xu X.Z. Shawn , Liu Jianfeng
Published: August 2019

GABA, a prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter, is best known to regulate neuronal functions in the nervous system. However, much less is known about the role of GABA signaling in other physiological processes. Interestingly, recent work showed that GABA signaling can regulate life span via a metabotropic GABAB receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the role of other types of GABA receptors in life span has not been clearly defined. It is also unclear whether GABA signaling regulates health span. Here, using C. elegans as a model, we systematically interrogated the role of various GABA receptors in both life span and health span. We find that mutations in four different GABA receptors extend health span by promoting resistance to stress and pathogen infection and that two such receptor mutants also show extended life span. Different GABA receptors engage distinct transcriptional factors to regulate life span and health span, and even the same receptor regulates life span and health span via different transcription factors. Our results uncover a novel, profound role of GABA signaling in aging in C. elegans, which is mediated by different GABA receptors coupled to distinct downstream effectors.
Mitochondrial DNA variation modulates alveolar development in newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia
Authors: Kandasamy Jegen , Rezonzew Gabriel , Jilling Tamas , Ballinger Scott , Ambalavanan Namasivayam
Published: August 2019

Hyperoxia-induced oxidant stress contributes to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Mitochondrial functional differences due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations are important modifiers of oxidant stress responses. The objective of this study was to determine whether mtDNA variation independently modifies lung development and mechanical dysfunction in newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia. Newborn C57BL6 wild type (C57n/C57mt, C57WT) and C3H/HeN wild type (C3Hn/C3Hmt, C3HWT) mice and novel Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange (MNX) strains with nuclear DNA (nDNA) from their parent strain and mtDNA from the other—C57MNX (C57n/C3Hmt) and C3HMNX (C3Hn/C57mt)—were exposed to 21% or 85% O2 from birth to postnatal day 14 (P14). Lung mechanics and histopathology were examined on P15. Neonatal mouse lung fibroblast (NMLF) bioenergetics and mitochondrial superoxide (O2−) generation were measured. Pulmonary resistance and mitochondrial O2− generation were increased while alveolarization, compliance, and NMLF basal and maximal oxygen consumption rate were decreased in hyperoxia-exposed C57WT mice (C57n/C57mt) versus C57MNX mice (C57n/C3Hmt) and in hyperoxia-exposed C3HMNX mice (C3Hn/C57mt) versus C3HWT (C3Hn/C3Hmt) mice. Our study suggests that neonatal C57 mtDNA-carrying strains have increased hyperoxia-induced hypoalveolarization, pulmonary mechanical dysfunction, and mitochondrial bioenergetic and redox dysfunction versus C3H mtDNA strains. Therefore, mtDNA haplogroup variation-induced differences in mitochondrial function could modify neonatal alveolar development and BPD susceptibility.
Integrating multiomics longitudinal data to reconstruct networks underlying lung development
Authors: Ding Jun , Ahangari Farida , Espinoza Celia R. , Chhabra Divya , Nicola Teodora , Yan Xiting , Lal Charitharth V. , Hagood James S. , Kaminski Naftali , Bar-Joseph Ziv , Ambalavanan Namasivayam
Published: August 2019

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic regulatory networks that govern postnatal alveolar lung development is still lacking. To construct such a model, we profiled mRNA, microRNA, DNA methylation, and proteomics of developing murine alveoli isolated by laser capture microdissection at 14 predetermined time points. We developed a detailed comprehensive and interactive model that provides information about the major expression trajectories, the regulators of specific key events, and the impact of epigenetic changes. Intersecting the model with single-cell RNA-Seq data led to the identification of active pathways in multiple or individual cell types. We then constructed a similar model for human lung development by profiling time-series human omics data sets. Several key pathways and regulators are shared between the reconstructed models. We experimentally validated the activity of a number of predicted regulators, leading to new insights about the regulation of innate immunity during lung development.
Cast immobilization of hindlimb upregulates sarcolipin expression in atrophied skeletal muscles and increases thermogenesis in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Tomiya Shigeto , Tamura Yuki , Kouzaki Karina , Kotani Takaya , Wakabayashi Yuka , Noda Masafumi , Nakazato Koichi
Published: August 2019

Mechanical unloading impairs cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in skeletal muscles. In this study, we investigated whether sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) itself or one of the regulators of the Ca2+SERCA pump, sarcolipin (SLN), is altered to deregulate Ca2+homeostasis in cast immobilized, atrophied muscles. Hindlimb muscles of 8-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to bilateral cast immobilization for 2 wk. Two-week-cast immobilization induced both body weight and skeletal muscle loss. Highly phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the atrophied muscles suggested that cytosolic Ca2+concentration was elevated. Extremely high expression levels of SLN mRNA and protein were observed in the atrophied muscles. Upregulation of SLN at the transcriptional level was supported by low RCAN1 expression, which is a negative regulator of SLN. We treated C2C12cells with dexamethasone to mimic muscle atrophy in vitro and showed a direct relationship between high SLN mRNA expression and low Ca2+uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum. Since SLN reportedly plays a role in nonshivering thermogenesis, we performed a cold tolerance test of the whole body. As a result, we found that mice with cast immobilization showed high cold tolerance, suggesting that cast immobilization promoted whole body thermogenesis. Although the activity level was decreased during cast immobilization without change in food intake, adipose tissue weights also decreased significantly after cast immobilization. Concomitantly, we conclude that cast immobilization of hindlimb increased thermogenesis in C57Bl/6J mice, probably via high expression of SLN.
Multineuromodulator measurements across fronto-striatal network areas of the behaving macaque using solid-phase microextraction
Authors: Hassani Seyed-Alireza , Lendor Sofia , Boyaci Ezel , Pawliszyn Janusz , Womelsdorf Thilo
Published: August 2019

Different neuromodulators rarely act independent from each other to modify neural processes but are instead coreleased, gated, or modulated. To understand this interdependence of neuromodulators and their collective influence on local circuits during different brain states, it is necessary to reliably extract local concentrations of multiple neuromodulators in vivo. Here we describe results using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), a method providing sensitive, multineuromodulator measurements. SPME is a sampling method that is coupled with mass spectrometry to quantify collected analytes. Reliable measurements of glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine, and choline were made simultaneously within frontal cortex and striatum of two macaque monkeys ( Macaca mulatta) during goal-directed behavior. We find glutamate concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than acetylcholine and dopamine in all brain regions. Dopamine was reliably detected in the striatum at tenfold higher concentrations than acetylcholine. Acetylcholine and choline concentrations were detected with high consistency across brain areas within monkeys and between monkeys. These findings illustrate that SPME microprobes provide a versatile novel tool to characterize multiple neuromodulators across different brain areas in vivo to understand the interdependence and covariation of neuromodulators during goal-directed behavior. Such data would be important to better distinguish between different behavioral states and characterize dysfunctional brain states that may be evident in psychiatric disorders.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our paper reports a reliable and sensitive novel method for measuring the absolute concentrations of glutamate, acetylcholine, choline, dopamine, and serotonin in brain circuits in vivo. We show that this method reliably samples multiple neurochemicals in three brain areas simultaneously while nonhuman primates are engaged in goal-directed behavior. We further describe how the methodology we describe here may be used by electrophysiologists as a low-barrier-to-entry tool for measuring multiple neurochemicals.
Automated Estimation of Acute Infarct Volume from Noncontrast Head CT Using Image Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction
Authors: Cauley Keith A. , Mongelluzzo Gino J. , Fielden Samuel W.
Published: August 2019

Identification of early ischemic changes (EIC) on noncontrast head CT scans performed within the first few hours of stroke onset may have important implications for subsequent treatment, though early stroke is poorly delimited on these studies. Lack of sharp lesion boundary delineation in early infarcts precludes manual volume measures, as well as measures using edge-detection or region-filling algorithms. We wished to test a hypothesis that image intensity inhomogeneity correction may provide a sensitive method for identifying the subtle regional hypodensity which is characteristic of early ischemic infarcts. A digital image analysis algorithm was developed using image intensity inhomogeneity correction (IIC) and intensity thresholding. Two different IIC algorithms (FSL and ITK) were compared. The method was evaluated using simulated infarcts and clinical cases. For synthetic infarcts, measured infarct volumes demonstrated strong correlation to the true lesion volume (for 20% decreased density “infarcts,” Pearson r = 0.998 for both algorithms); both algorithms demonstrated improved accuracy with increasing lesion size and decreasing lesion density. In clinical cases (41 acute infarcts in 30 patients), calculated infarct volumes using FSL IIC correlated with the ASPECTS scores (Pearson r = 0.680) and the admission NIHSS (Pearson r = 0.544). Calculated infarct volumes were highly correlated with the clinical decision to treat with IV-tPA. Image intensity inhomogeneity correction, when applied to noncontrast head CT, provides a tool for image analysis to aid in detection of EIC, as well as to evaluate and guide improvements in scan quality for optimal detection of EIC.
Runtime Quality Prediction for Web Services via Multivariate Long Short‐Term Memory
Authors: Guo Ling , Wan Ping , Li Rui , Liu Gang , He Pan
Published: August 2019

Online quality prediction helps to identify the web service quality degradation in the near future. While historical web service usage data are used for online prediction in preventive maintenance, the similarities in the usage data from multiple users invoking the same web service are ignored. To improve the service quality prediction accuracy, a multivariate time series model is built considering multiple user invocation processes. After analysing the cross‐correlation and similarity of the historical web service quality data from different users, the time series model is estimated using the multivariate LSTM network and used to predict the quality data for the next few time series points. Experiments were conducted to compare the multivariate methods with the univariate methods. The results showed that the multivariate LSTM model outperformed the univariate models in both MAE and RMSE and achieved the best performance in most test cases, which proved the efficiency of our method.
Target Signal Extraction Method Based on Enhanced ICA with Reference
Authors: Gao Liuyang , Zheng Nae , Tian Yinghua , Zhang Jingzhi
Published: August 2019

Target signal extraction has a great potential for applications. To solve the problem of error extraction of target signals in the current constrained independent component analysis (cICA) method, an enhanced independent component analysis with reference (EICA‐R) method is proposed. The new algorithm establishes a unified cost function, which combines the negative entropy contrast function and the distance metric function. The EICA‐R method transforms the constrained optimization problem into unconstrained optimization problem to overcome the problem of threshold setting of distance metric function in constrained optimization problem. The theoretical analysis and simulation experiment show that the proposed EICA‐R algorithm overcomes the problem of the error extraction of the existing algorithm and improves the reliability of the target signal extraction.
Durability Assessment of Lightweight Cellular Concrete in Subgrade by the Method of Analytic Hierarchy Process Combined with Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Liu Xin , Ni Chengwei , Zhang Liye , Sheng Ke , Hong Baoning
Published: August 2019

The durability of lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) and the corresponding assessment method are studied in this paper to improve the utilization of LCC in subgrade construction engineering. The durability assessment method is established by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). The main assessment processes are as follows. Firstly, based on the physical and mechanical properties of LCC, the influencing factors are selected in terms of preliminary design, construction technology, and operation and management after completion of construction. The grading standard of influencing factors is established as well. Secondly, a multilevel assessment model with targets level, criteria level, and indexes level is established. AHP determines the effective weight of the lower level relative to the upper level. The consistency check of the judgment matrix is conducted to prove the rationality of the distribution of influencing factors’ effect weight. Thirdly, the membership function which is suitable for each influencing factor is built to calculate the membership degree. Besides, the practicality and reliability of AHP combined with FCE are demonstrated through a practical engineering case, which is the third section of a highway in Guangdong Province, China.
Cyanobacterial Biomass Pigments as Natural Sensitizer for TiO2Thin Films
Authors: Patiño-Camelo Karen , Diaz-Uribe Carlos , Gallego-Cartagena Euler , Vallejo William , Martinez Vincent , Quiñones Cesar , Hurtado Mikel , Schott E.
Published: August 2019

In this work, we studied the effect of TiO2sensitization with dry biomass extracted of cyanobacteria on the degradation of methylene blue dye (AM). Cyanobacterial cultures isolated from water samples were collected from the swamp of Malambo in Colombia; two main genera of cyanobacteria were identified, and they were cultivated with BG-11 culture medium. The concentrations ofchlorophyll ain the exponential and stationary phases of growth were measured; the phycobilin content was quantified by spectrophotometry. Thin films of TiO2were deposited by a doctor blade method, and they were sensitized by wet impregnation. Furthermore, a methylene blue (MB) photodegradation process was studied under visible light irradiation on the cyanobacterial biomass sensitized TiO2material (TiO2/sensitizer); besides, the pseudo-first-order model was used to obtain kinetic information about photocatalytic degradation. The results showed that the BG-11+treatment reported a higher amount of dry biomass and phycobiliproteins. After the sensitization process, the TiO2/sensitizer thin films showed a significant red shift in the optical activity; besides the thin film roughness decreasing, the TiO2/sensitizer showed photocatalytic activity of 23.2% under visible irradiation, and besides, the kinetic (kap) constant for TiO2/sensitizer thin films was 3.1 times greater than thekapvalue of TiO2thin films. Finally, results indicated that cyanobacterial biomass is a suitable source of natural sensitizers to be used in semiconductor sensitization.
A Control Method of Rock Burst for Dynamic Roadway Floor in Deep Mining Mine
Authors: Xiao Zhimin , Liu Jun , Gu Shitan , Liu Mingqing , Zhao Futian , Wang Yue , Ou Chen , Zhen Mengyang
Published: August 2019

Roadway floor rock burst is an important manifestation of rock bursts in deeply buried mines. With the increase of mining depth and mining intensity, rock burst disasters in the roadway floor such as floor heaves are becoming more serious. The article investigated the roadway floor severe heave caused by floor rock burst during excavation of the No. 3401 working face, which was controlled by an anticlinal structure and deep mining in Shandong Mine, China. Firstly, by analyzing geological conditions of the working face, roadway support parameters, and characteristics of coal and rock, it was revealed that high tectonic stress and high crustal stress were main causes of the floor rock burst. Secondly, based on the Theory of Mechanics and Theory of Energy, the energy conversion process in the roadway floor was discussed, and the rock burst condition caused by elastic energy in the roadway floor was analyzed. The failure characteristics of roadway‐surrounding rock were also inspected, using a borehole recorder. The roof and sidewalls of roadway mainly contained fissures and cracks, whereas cracks and broken areas are distributed in the roadway floor. Finally, based on the deformation and failure characteristics of roadway‐surrounding rock, a method termed “overbreaking‐bolting and grouting‐backfill” was proposed to control roadway floor rock burst. The method was tested in the field, and the results showed that it could effectively control the deformation of roadway floor and rock burst, guaranteeing the stability of roadway floor. This impact control method for the roadway floor can provide a reference for the prevention and control of roadway rock burst in mines with similar geological conditions.
Effect of Sulphate and Chloride Ingress on Selected Cements Mortar Prisms Immersed in Seawater and Leather Industry Effluent
Authors: Wachira Jackson Muthengia , Wangui Ngari Reginah , Thiong’o Joseph Karanja , Marangu Joseph Mwiti
Published: August 2019

Cement structures are major capital investments globally. However, exposure of cement‐based materials to aggressive media such as chloride‐ and sulphate‐laden environments such as coastal areas affects their performance. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the main cement used in buildings and civil structures such as dams and bridges. This paper reports the findings of an experimental investigation on the effect of ingress of Cl− and SO42− on compressive strength development and the ions’ diffusivity in selected OPC brands in Kenya. The aggressive media used included seawater (SW) and wastewater from leather industry (WLI). Three brands of commonly used cements of OPC in Kenya were used. Mortar prisms were prepared from each brand of cement at different water‐to‐cement ratios (w/c) of 0.5, 0.6, 0.65, and 0.7 and allowed to cure for 28 days in a highly humid environment. The aggressive ions’ ingress in the mortar prisms was accelerated using a potential difference of 12 V ± 0.1 V. Analysis of diffusivity and diffusion coefficient of Cl− and SO42− was finally done. Compressive strength analysis was done before (at the 2nd, 7th, 14th, and 28th day) and after exposure to the aggressive ions. The results showed that the diffusivity of chlorides was more pronounced than that of sulphates. Diffusivity was observed to be higher at higher w/c ratios for all cement categories. It was observed that compressive strength increased with curing age, with the highest observed at 28 days. Cement A was generally found to have the highest compressive strength for all w/c ratios. The compressive strength was observed to increase after the mortar prisms were exposed to SW as opposed to the ones exposed to WLI. Generally, it was also observed that the strength gain increased with increase in w/c. The loss in strength was also observed to increase with increase in w/c.
The Potential Use of the CRISPR-Cas System for HIV-1 Gene Therapy
Authors: Sanches-da-Silva Gabriela De Nardi , Medeiros Luiza Fonseca Sales , Lima Fabio Mitsuo
Published: August 2019

The HIV-1 virus (human immunodeficiency virus) affects 36.9 million people worldwide, with approximately 900000 deaths in 2017. The virus carrier can develop severe immunodeficiency since CD4+ T lymphocytes are the main target, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite advances in pharmacological treatment, it is still difficult to eliminate latent reservoirs, becoming one of the main obstacles for viral eradication. The CRISPR- (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-) Cas system is a genome-editing method which uses a guide RNA, a complementary sequence to the interested site, recruiting a nuclease that can break the viral or the host cell genetic material. From this double-stranded break, cellular repair mechanisms are activated being able to generate deletions, insertions, or substitutions, in order to inactivate specific gene loci, leading to loss of function. The objective of this minireview is to synthesize the current knowledge on the application of CRISPR-Cas-based gene therapy for HIV-1. The strategies encompass all steps of the viral infection cycle, from inhibition of cell invasion, through viral replication and integration inhibition, to excision of the latent provirus. Off-target effects and ethical implications were also discussed to evaluate the safety of the approach and viability of its application in humans, respectively. Although preclinical and clinical tests are still needed, the recent results establish an exciting possibility of applying this technology for prophylaxis and treatment of HIV-1.
Recognition of Facial Expressions under Varying Conditions Using Dual‐Feature Fusion
Authors: Mahmood Awais , Hussain Shariq , Iqbal Khalid , Elkilani Wail S.
Published: August 2019

Facial expression recognition plays an important role in communicating the emotions and intentions of human beings. Facial expression recognition in uncontrolled environment is more difficult as compared to that in controlled environment due to change in occlusion, illumination, and noise. In this paper, we present a new framework for effective facial expression recognition from real‐time facial images. Unlike other methods which spend much time by dividing the image into blocks or whole face image, our method extracts the discriminative feature from salient face regions and then combine with texture and orientation features for better representation. Furthermore, we reduce the data dimension by selecting the highly discriminative features. The proposed framework is capable of providing high recognition accuracy rate even in the presence of occlusions, illumination, and noise. To show the robustness of the proposed framework, we used three publicly available challenging datasets. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed framework is better than existing techniques, which indicate the considerable potential of combining geometric features with appearance‐based features.
SF3B2-Mediated RNA Splicing Drives Human Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Kawamura Norihiko , Nimura Keisuke , Saga Kotaro , Ishibashi Airi , Kitamura Koji , Nagano Hiromichi , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Ishida Kyoso , Nonomura Norio , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Luo Jun , Kaneda Yasufumi
Published: August 2019

Androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) is a constitutively active AR variant implicated in castration-resistant prostate cancers. Here, we show that the RNA splicing factor SF3B2, identified by in silico and CRISPR/Cas9 analyses, is a critical determinant of AR-V7 expression and is correlated with aggressive cancer phenotypes. Transcriptome and PAR-CLIP analyses revealed that SF3B2 controls the splicing of target genes, including AR, to drive aggressive phenotypes. SF3B2-mediated aggressive phenotypes in vivo were reversed by AR-V7 knockout. Pladienolide B, an inhibitor of a splicing modulator of the SF3b complex, suppressed the growth of tumors addicted to high SF3B2 expression. These findings support the idea that alteration of the splicing pattern by high SF3B2 expression is one mechanism underlying prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. This study also provides evidence supporting SF3B2 as a candidate therapeutic target for treating patients with cancer.

Significance:

RNA splicing factor SF3B2 is essential for the generation of an androgen receptor (AR) variant that renders prostate cancer cells resistant to AR-targeting therapy.
Nomogram to Predict the Benefit of Intensive Treatment for Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Mell Loren K. , Shen Hanjie , Nguyen-Tân Phuc Felix , Rosenthal David I. , Zakeri Kaveh , Vitzthum Lucas K. , Frank Steven J. , Schiff Peter B. , Trotti Andy M. , Bonner James A. , Jones Christopher U. , Yom Sue S. , Thorstad Wade L. , Wong Stuart J. , Shenouda George , Ridge John A. , Zhang Qiang E. , Le Quynh-Thu
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

Previous studies indicate that the benefit of therapy depends on patients' risk for cancer recurrence relative to noncancer mortality (ω ratio). We sought to test the hypothesis that patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) with a higher ω ratio selectively benefit from intensive therapy.

Experimental Design:

We analyzed 2,688 patients with stage III–IVB HNC undergoing primary radiotherapy (RT) with or without systemic therapy on three phase III trials (RTOG 9003, RTOG 0129, and RTOG 0522). We used generalized competing event regression to stratify patients according to ω ratio and compared the effectiveness of intensive therapy as a function of predicted ω ratio (i.e., ω score). Intensive therapy was defined as treatment on an experimental arm with altered fractionation and/or multiagent concurrent systemic therapy. A nomogram was developed to predict patients' ω score on the basis of tumor, demographic, and health factors. Analysis was by intention to treat.

Results:

Decreasing age, improved performance status, higher body mass index, node-positive status, P16-negative status, and oral cavity primary predicted a higher ω ratio. Patients with ω score ≥0.80 were more likely to benefit from intensive treatment [5-year overall survival (OS), 70.0% vs. 56.6%; HR of 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.94; P = 0.016] than those with ω score <0.80 (5-year OS, 46.7% vs. 45.3%; HR of 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92-1.14; P = 0.69; P = 0.019 for interaction). In contrast, the effectiveness of intensive therapy did not depend on risk of progression.

Conclusions:

Patients with HNC with a higher ω score selectively benefit from intensive treatment. A nomogram was developed to help select patients for intensive therapy.
Ocular tentacle malformation in Deroceras reticulatum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Agriolimacidae)
Authors: Daglio Daniel Eduardo , Lucía Micaela De , Robinson David Gwyn , Gregoric Diego Eduardo Gutiérrez
Published: August 2019

Malformations in animals have long been known. In gastropod, natural and induced malformations are mentioned in different systems and in ocular tentacles, mainly linked to cases of parasitism and exposure to pollutants (molluscicides and chemicals). In this study we present a new malformation not documented in the ocular tentacles of slug Deroceras reticulatum that could be due to the action of pesticides. This malformation in D. reticulatum is the first malformation to be mentioned for South America in nursery gardens.
The first cases of gynandromorphism in oil‑collecting bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Centridini, Tapinotaspidini)
Authors: Alvarez Leopoldo Jesús , Silva Wagner Pereira , Lucia Mariano , Aguiar Antonio J.C.
Published: August 2019

Here we provide descriptions of gynandromorphs of two species oil-collecting bees: Lophopedia nigrispinis and Epicharis iheringii, both with partial bilateral phenotypic asymmetry. The bees have a female phenotype predominantly on mesosoma and metasoma. The specimen of L. nigrispinis has distinct characteristics on legs, suggesting a mosaic pattern of gynandromorphism. The pollen and oil loads on legs suggest that the bee was foraging normally. The gynander specimen of E. iheringii has mostly a female phenotype, except for head, with right half female type and left half male type. The specimen of L. nigrispinis was collected foraging on flowers of Bidens sp. at Parque Nacional Iguazú, Argentina with loads of pollen on legs suggesting it was reproductive and was provisioning a nest. The specimen of Epicharis iheriingi has no evidence of any oil or pollen collection, despite its mostly female phenotype.
Estresse psicológico em estudantes de cursos de graduação da área da saúde
Authors: Murakami Karolina , Panúncio-Pinto Maria Paula , Santos Jair Licio Ferreira dos , Troncon Luiz Ernesto De Almeida
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de estresse psicológico e sintomas associados entre estudantes de diferentes cursos de graduação da área da saúde de uma mesma instituição pública. Foi um estudo tipo corte transversal empregando questionário estruturado e inventário psicométrico. Participaram 102 estudantes de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Nutrição e Terapia Ocupacional, distribuídos por curso e suas etapas (inicial, intermediária e final) proporcionalmente ao número de matriculados. Os participantes responderam a um questionário de caracterização social e demográfica e se submeteram a instrumento validado de detecção de estresse e seus sintomas em adultos. A análise estatística das diferenças entre as proporções de estudantes com e sem estresse foi feita por meio do teste de Fisher (p≤0,05). O estresse foi detectado em 71 (70%) dos 102 estudantes, em proporções por curso variando entre 61% (Fisioterapia) a 88% (Terapia Ocupacional). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os cursos quanto a essas proporções. Não houve também diferenças entre as etapas dos cursos, com frequências variando entre 23% (início e meio) e 26% (final). Não houve diferença significativa entre as proporções de mulheres (75%) e homens (63%) com estresse. Dentre os estudantes com estresse, 57 (80%) apresentavam sintomas psicológicos, 11 (15%) apresentavam sintomas físicos e outros 11 (15%) tinham sintomas físicos e psicológicos. Estes resultados permitem concluir que proporções elevadas dos estudantes das várias etapas de diferentes cursos de graduação da área da saúde de uma mesma instituição pública apresentam estresse, frequentemente associado à presença de sintomas psicológicos e físicos. Esses dados também indicam que a presença de estresse independe da natureza do curso na área da saúde. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de aumentar o conhecimento sobre esse fenômeno, o que permitirá planejamento mais adequado e maior eficácia de medidas institucionais de promoção da saúde mental dos estudantes.
Desafios e sucessos de um Serviço de Saúde Mental para estudantes da saúde
Authors: Tamashiro Eliza Maria , Amaral Natalia Aparecida , Martins Adiene Heloisa , Celeri Eloisa Helena Rubelo Valer , Bastos Joana Froes Bragança
Published: August 2019

A elevada prevalência de sofrimento psíquico presente nos estudantes de medicina, pode acarretar em transtornos mentais, uso de substâncias psicoativas e comportamentos prejudiciais, além de impactar no aprendizado. Estes fatores levaram a Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Unicamp à criação de um serviço de apoio (GRAPEME) para os seus discentes em 1996. No decorrer dos anos, o GRAPEME sofreu diversas mudanças tanto na sua estrutura física e de recursos humanos, como nas diversas formas de atuação. Atualmente conta com o atendimento individual mas também com iniciativas de intervenções precoces e prevenção, a fim de minimizar o sofrimento e melhorar a qualidade de vida de seus alunos.
REMUSP
Authors: Vianna Valente Gabriela
Published: August 2019

O REMUSP é um grupo de música dos quais fazem parte alunos da FMUSP e de outros cursos da saúde da USP. Muitos estudantes compartilham a paixão pela música, e temos no REMUSP um espaço para formar amizades, superar desafios e cuidar da nossa saúde mental. Desde a dificuldade de aprender um novo instrumento até trabalhar em grupo para formar uma banda e apresentar, ou interpretar uma música, a experiência no REMUSP é capaz de acrescentar muito à vida de seus integrantes.
A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina
Authors: Zaidhaft Sergio
Published: August 2019

A questão da saúde mental dos alunos de Medicina tem sido alvo de crescente preocupação em todo o mundo. Há evidências de que o próprio curso está relacionado com o surgimento de quadros graves, principalmente depressão e ideação suicida, nesta população. Este trabalho busca aprofundar o que exatamente ocorre no ensino de Medicina que acarreta esta situação. Mediante o uso de associação livre, narram-se algumas experiências do autor como estudante e como docente para discutir os fatores envolvidos: o denominado currículo oculto, a ideologia do não envolvimento, o curso de Medicina como instituição total. Sugerem-se medidas para atenuar a aridez do curso, enfatiza-se o papel da arte na medicina e na docência e a formação de vínculos a fim de possibilitar uma experiência prazerosa de aprendizagem tanto para docentes como para discentes. Propõe-se que a docência – assim como a Medicina - seja ciência e arte, e o próprio artigo busca – assim como Medicina e docência o fazem - agregar ciência e arte.
A prevalência de cefaleia e fatores psicossociais associados em estudantes de medicina no Ceará
Authors: Carneiro Anderson Ferreira , Cavalcante Neto Pedro Gomes , Ferreira José Francisco Igor Siqueira , Garcia Beatrice Facundo , Silva Francisco De Assis Costa , Leal Paulo Roberto Lacerda
Published: August 2019

Introdução: A cefaleia é uma afecção que impacta negativamente a qualidade de vida da pessoa. O curso de medicina é reconhecidamente um gerador de esgotamento e, de acordo com a literatura, fatores estressantes são mais comuns em alunos de medicina que na população em geral, podendo desencadear a cefaleia. Esses fatores estressores podem ser intensificados em períodos que antecedem as provas devido a mudanças nos hábitos de sono e de estudo, havendo uma possível relação com o surgimento de cefaleias primárias. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de cefaleia primária nos estudantes de medicina (EM) em períodos de provas e relacionar com fatores psicossociais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, baseado na aplicação de dois questionários a uma amostra de 219 EM do 1º ao 8º semestre de uma universidade no interior do Ceará. Um questionário relacionou a cefaleia com fatores psicossociais em períodos de provas. O segundo questionário: HSQ-DV, foi utilizado para o diagnóstico de enxaqueca e cefaleia do tipo tensional (CTT). Resultados: 98% dos EM relataram já ter sentido cefaleia. A prevalência de CTT e enxaqueca encontradas foi de 61,9% e 18,1%, respectivamente, dados maiores que a média para a população geral. Estudantes com enxaqueca têm mais crises antes de provas, se automedicam mais, ingerem mais psicoestimulantes, são mais ansiosos, mais depressivos, mais sedentários, mais estressados e dormem menos que aqueles com CTT. Conclusão: De fato, os EM são um grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento de cefaleias, merecendo, portanto, uma maior ênfase de pesquisas científicas sobre as cefaleias primárias neste grupo.
O conhecimento de mulheres acerca do rastreamento do câncer de mama e suas implicações
Authors: Azevedo Amanda , Ramos Amanda Lúcia , Gonçalves Ana Caroline Vicenzi , Souza Camila Fernandes de , Batista Gabriela Silva , Silva Roberta Bessa Veloso , Loyola Edilaine Assunção Caetano de
Published: August 2019

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a principal causa de morte por câncer na população feminina e a segunda neoplasia mais frequente no mundo. A detecção precoce da doença, principalmente por meio da mamografia, é fundamental para reduzir o número de óbitos e melhorar o prognóstico. Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento de mulheres entre 35 e 69 anos cadastradas em Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Alfenas – MG acerca do rastreamento do câncer de mama. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal no qual foram aplicados questionários em uma população amostral, selecionada a partir do total de mulheres cadastradas em cinco ESF de Alfenas – MG, sendo entrevistadas 224 mulheres a partir de questionário estruturado. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a estatística multivariada por meio da técnica de componentes principais. Todos os critérios éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: As ações preventivas de rastreamento influenciaram na redução da mortalidade e melhor prognóstico da doença. A terapia de reposição hormonal está correlacionada com as alterações encontradas nas mamas. A idade da primeira menstruação mostrou-se correlacionada às mulheres que já estão na menopausa, características essas consideradas de risco para o desenvolvimento da neoplasia de mama. A regularidade com que as mulheres realizam a mamografia depende de seu conhecimento acerca deste exame, considerando-se a realização e prática do autoexame importante. Verificou-se que o uso de anticoncepcional está diretamente relacionado com a idade e o estado civil, além de alterações encontradas no exame clínico das mamas. Estar na menopausa esteve diretamente relacionado à realização de mamografia. Fatores de risco para câncer de mama como tabagismo, dieta rica em gordura e etilismo, além de estarem altamente correlacionados, apresentaram uma relação inversa com a realização da mamografia. Conclusões: o conhecimento acerca dos exames preventivos e da sua importância está relacionado com a regularidade com que as mulheres os realizam.
Interpretação gráfica e monitorização ventilatória
Authors: Santos Mikaelle Kelly Alves dos , Camerino Cristine Mayara Cavalcante , Braide Andrea Stopiglia Guedes , Morais Marcus César Silva de , Dantas Márcia Maria Pinheiro , Santos Artur Paiva dos , Viana Márcia Cardinalle Correia
Published: August 2019

Objetivos: avaliar o conhecimento do fisioterapeuta em relação à interpretação gráfica e à monitorização ventilatória. Métodos: estudo quantitativo realizado entre março e abril de 2018, em três hospitais de Fortaleza/CE, com 41 fisioterapeutas intensivistas sobre seu conhecimento no que diz respeito à interpretação gráfica e monitorização ventilatória, bem como sua abordagem terapêutica frente aos achados clínicos. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de um questionário com 10 questões objetivas e analisados por meio do software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0. Resultados: a maioria dos fisioterapeutas tinham entre 6 e 10 anos de atuação na UTI (43,9%). Quando questionados sobre os conhecimentos básicos de pressão e parâmetros de normalidade do Índice de Oxigenação, 80,5% e 70,6% fisioterapeutas ofereceram respoatas corretasrespectivamente. Acerca do conhecimento de monitorização ventilatória, o conceito de drive pressure foi o que apresentou melhor índice de assertiva com 73,2% acertos. Já sobre a análise gráfica, a interpretação da apneia (87,8%) e a abordagem na auto-PEEP (58,5%) foram as questões com maior número de acertos. Conclusão: houve assertividades relevantes no tocante ao conhecimento dos conceitos básicos, da monitorização dos parâmetros ventilatórios e da interpretação gráfica por parte dos profissionais entrevistados, porém sugere-se que haja mais estudos sobre a temática por meio de uma estratégia de educação continuada a fim de gerar um maior suporte teórico-prático para os fisioterapeutas intensivistas.
Constipação intestinal em idosos e a relação com atividade física, alimentação e cognição
Authors: Antunes Mateus Dias , Oliveira Kátia Cilene Cavalcante de , Acencio Fabio Ricardo , Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Garcez Diógenes Aparicio Garcia , Bennemann Rose Mari
Published: August 2019

A constipação intestinal constitui um problema frequente na população de idosos interferindo negativamente na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da influência da atividade física, alimentação e cognição na constipação intestinal em idosos. Para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos anos de 2006 a 2016 por meio de buscas em periódicos nacionais e internacionais indexados nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed e SciELO com os seguintes descritores: Constipação e Atividade Física; Constipação e Alimentação; Constipação e Cognição. Após combinar os descritores, foram identificados 172 artigos, sendo 11,6% (n=20) em relação a Constipação e Atividade Física, 27,3% (n=47) Constipação e Alimentação e 61,1% (n=105) na busca com Constipação e Cognição. A inatividade física, alimentação inadequada e sintomas psicológicos contribuem para a presença de constipação intestinal. Com o presente estudo foi possível verificar que é necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas relacionadas ao diagnóstico precoce dessas condições, assim como o controle dos fatores a elas associados.
Fase acelerada da síndrome de Chediak-Higashi
Authors: Bezerra Lucas Soares , Santos-Veloso Marcelo Antônio Oliveira , Antunes Adriana Azoubel
Published: August 2019

Indivíduos afetados pela síndrome de Chediak-Higashi se apresentam clinicamente com diversas alterações orgânicas, a partir de mutações que afetam a função fagocitária e do gene regulador do tráfego lisossomal. A forma acelerada da síndrome cursa com uma série de alterações hematológicas e sistêmicas, sendo grave e usualmente incorrendo em morte precoce. O objetivo do artigo foi realizar uma pesquisa na literatura acerca da fase acelerada da síndrome de Chediak-Higashi. Foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados: PubMed, The Cochrane Library e SciELO, por estudos em humanos publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português nos últimos 15 anos. Devido a seu nível de gravidade, a síndrome de Chediak-Higashi demonstra a importância de seu conhecimento pelos profissionais médicos a fim de reduzir o número de subdiagnósticos, consequentemente diminuindo as taxas de mortalidade e promovendo melhora na qualidade de vida de seus portadores.
Otite externa necrotizante com paralisia facial periférica e trombose do seio cavernoso
Authors: Menhô Fabiana Martins , Paulino Ruth Elisa Sued , Silva Larissa Aparecida Pereira da , Gomes Paloma Feitosa Pinho , Franco Laila Morais Nahass , Faria Bernardo Campos
Published: August 2019

Otite externa necrotizante (OEN), conhecida antigamente como otite externa maligna (OEM), atinge o conduto auditivo externo, causando otalgia intensa, otorreia fétida, e em casos mais severos, comprometimento dos ossos do crânio e déficit neurológico. O agente etiológico mais comum é a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acomete principalmente pacientes idosos, diabéticos e imunodeprimidos. O comprometimento de nervo craniano levando a paralisia facial e trombose dos seios intracranianos são de piores prognósticos. O diagnóstico depende da suspeita clínica inicialmente. Os exames complementares são imprecisos, embora essenciais no seguimento. A abordagem multidisciplinar é sempre recomendada. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar as complicações clínicas de um caso de otite externa necrotizante com paralisia facial que evoluiu para trombose do seio cavernoso, levando ao óbito.