bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAIN METODE CASEWORK DALAM PENANGANAN GANGGUAN KECEMASAN KLIEN H PENYANDANG CEREBRAL PALSY DI PANTI ASUHAN BHAKTI LUHUR ALMA BANDUNG
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana , Luhpuri Dorang , Andayani Rini Hartini Rinda
Published: March 2022

Gangguan kecemasan merupakan rasa takut atau khawatir pada situasi tertentu yang sangat mengancam yang dapat menyebabkan kegelisahan, gangguan kecemasan yang dialami “H” disebabkan rasa takut ditinggalkan oleh keluarganya sehingga menimbulkan rasa gelisah, mudah marah dan tersinggung dan memiliki keluhan somatic. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini digali berdasarkan aspek-aspek kecemasan dan penelitian ini outputnya untuk membuat suatu desain model sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini membuat desain metode casework dalam penanganan gangguan kecemasan klien H penyandang cerebral palsy. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. pendekatan deskriptif yaitu penelitian yang hasilnya berupa data deskriptif dan data sekunder melalui fakta-fakta dari kondisi alami sebagai sumber secara langsung dengan instrumen dari peneliti sendiri. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Desain model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu desain model awal model RCBT(Rhos cognitive behavioural therapy) yaitu pengembangan dari CBT oemorjaedi yang digunakan pada saat praktikum. Gagasan desain yaitu Metode casework. desain akhir yaitu yaitu Metode casework klien H. Intervensi yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan desain model akhir yaitu Metode casework klien H menggunakan teknik ventilation, support, advice giving and counseling, dan role rehearshal. Teknik tersebut diterapkan pada “H” dengan tujuan dapat mengurangi gangguan kecemasan yang dialami “H”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model casework yang dilakukan dapat mengurangi gangguan kecemasan yang dialami “H” mulai tidak merasa gelisah, tidak mudah marah dan tersinggung dan keluhan somatic tidak kembali lagi walaupun menanyakan atau bercerita tentang keluarganya.
MODEL HOME VISITATION DALAM PENGUATAN PENGASUHAN KELUARGA
Authors: Pamungkas Giri , Susilowati Ellya , Kartika Tuti
Published: March 2022

Home Visitation adalah kegiatan kunjungan rumah yang dilakukan oleh Educator FSP/ Pekerja Sosial untuk melakukan monitoring terhadap implementasi pengasuhan oleh keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) memperoleh gambaran kondisi awal home visitation pada keluarga dampingan SOS Children’s Village Lembang, 2) menyusun desain model home visitation dalam penguatan pengasuhan keluarga pada keluarga dampingan SOS Children’s Village Lembang, dan 3) menyempurnakan model home visitation dalam penguatan pengasuhan keluarga. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian sekunder (Metode Analisis Data Sekunder). Sumber data dalam penelitian menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif dan Expert Judgement. Gagasan desain yang diusulkan dalam penanganan anak terlantar di Desa Lembang diwujudkan melalui bentuk model home visitation dalam penguatan pengasuhan keluarga pada keluarga dampingan SOS Children’s Village Lembang. Sasaran dalam kegiatan Home Visitation bagi keluarga dampingan SOS Children’s Village Lembang adalah keluarga-keluarga (Orang tua/ Wali) yang menjadi dampingan SOS di Lembang. Pemberian penguatan pengasuhan keluarga dapat mencegah terjadinya penelantaran, perlakuan salah, dan keterpisahan anak dari keluarganya.
ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ တည်ဆောက်ကျင့်သုံးခြင်းတွင် ပြည်သူလူထုပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းအတွက် လက်တွေ့ကျသော ထည့်သွင်းစဥ်းစားချက်များ - ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်၊ ဆောင်ရွက်မည့်အချိန်၊ ဆောင်ရွက်မည့်နည်းလမ်းနှင့် ဆောင်ရွက်သည့်အကြောင်းရင်း
Authors: Houlihan Erin C. , Bisarya Sumit
Published: March 2022

မျက်မှောက်ခေတ် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ တည်ဆောက်ကျင့်သုံးခြင်းတွင် ပြည်သူလူထု ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းသည် အဓိကအင်္ဂါရပ်တစ်ခုအဖြစ် ပါဝင်သည်။ တက်ကြွထိရောက်စွာ ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းကြောင့် ရရှိနိုင်သည့် အကျိုးကျေးဇူးများစွာရှိပြီး ဒီမိုကရေစီနှင့်စပ်လျဉ်းသည့် တစ်ဦးချင်းစီ၏ အမူအကျင့်နှင့် သဘောထားများကို မွမ်းမံမြှင့်တင်ခြင်းမှသည် အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအလွှာရှိ နိုင်ငံရေးအာဏာလွှမ်းမိုးသူများ၏ ညှိနှိုင်းမှုဟန်ချက်ကို မွမ်းမံခြင်းအထိ အကျိုးသက်ရောက်နိုင်ကာ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေဆိုင်ရာ အကြောင်းအရာကို ပိုမိုကောင်းမွန်စေရန် မြှင့်တင်ခြင်းနှင့် အကျိုးဆက်ရလဒ်များကို ပိုမိုခိုင်မာစေခြင်းဖြင့် ဒီမိုကရေစီနှင့် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးအတွက် အထောက်အကူဖြစ်စေခြင်းတို့ကိုလည်း လုပ်ဆောင်နိုင်သည်ဟု သတ်မှတ်ထားသည်။ သို့ရာတွင် ဤရလဒ်များကို ပြည်သူလူထု ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းမှတစ်ဆင့် ရရှိနိုင်ခြင်း ရှိ၊ မရှိနှင့် မည်သို့ရရှိနိုင်မည်တို့ကိုမူ ကောင်းစွာနားလည်နိုင်ခြင်း မရှိသေးပေ။ ပြည်သူလူထု ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်သည့် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ တည်ဆောက်ကျင့်သုံးခြင်းနှင့်စပ်လျဉ်း၍ မိမိတို့အနေဖြင့်သိရှိသည်ဟု ယူဆထားသည့် အချက်များကို သီအိုရီအရသာ ဖော်ထုတ်ထားခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။ တူညီသော လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်များဟူ၍ မရှိသည့်နည်းတူ ‘ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်မှုရှိသော လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်’ တွင် မည်သည့်အချက်များ ပါဝင်သည်ကိုလည်း ဘုံသဘောတူညီထားသည့် အနက်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် မရှိပေ။ သို့ရာတွင် ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်ချမှတ်သူများအနေဖြင့် နိုင်ငံတစ်နိုင်ငံ၌ ပြည်သူလူထု ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းသည် မည်သို့မည်ပုံရှိပြီး မည်သည့်အကြောင်းကြောင့် မည်သည့်အချိန်၌ လုပ်ဆောင်အသုံးချရမည်နည်း ဆိုသည့် အဓိကမေးခွန်းကို အခိုင်အမာဖြေဆိုနိုင်ရမည်ဖြစ်သည်။ ဤစာစောင်တွင် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ တည်ဆောက်ကျင့်သုံးခြင်း လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်အဆင့်ဆင့်၌ ပြည်သူလူထု ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်း၏ သဏ္ဍာန်နှင့် လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်များကို (မည်သည့်ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်မှုကို မည်သည့်အချိန်တွင် မည်ကဲ့သို့ ဆောင်ရွက်မည်) ရှင်းလင်းဖော်ပြထားပြီး ပြည်သူလူထုနှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်းသည် နိုင်ငံရေး ဆွေးနွေးညှိနှိုင်းမှုများအပါအဝင် လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်၏ ဟန်ချက်များအပေါ် မည်သို့လွှမ်းမိုးသက်ရောက်ကြောင်းကိုလည်း (ပါဝင်ဆောင်ရွက်ခြင်း၏ အကြောင်းရင်း) ထည့်သွင်းသုံးသပ်ထားသည်။
Some Curvature Tensor Relations on Nearly Cosymplectic Manifolds with Tanaka-Webster Connection
Authors: AYAR Gülhan
Published: March 2022

In this article, some curvature properties with respect to Tanaka-Webster connection on nearly cosymplectic manifolds have been studied.
Identification of prognostic genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Zhu Longbiao , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Yan , Yan Donglin , Han Jing
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies reveal the clinical significance of tumor microenvironment (TME) in multiple cancers. The association between TME in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and clinical outcomes remains unsolved. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to exhibit the TME of OSCC and identified the prognostic marker. METHODS: Gene expression profile and clinical data OSCC patients were from the TCGA database. The validated stage data was from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE65858). Immune/stromal scores of each patient were calculated by ESTIMATE algorithm. Biological functional prediction was conducted. Prognostic genes identified by survival analysis. Nomogram and Receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to test the predicting power. TIMER database was applied to evaluated the immune infiltrates. RESULTS: Lower immune scores were observed in male patients (P= 0.0107) and different primary tumor sites of oral cavity with different stromal scores (P= 0.0328). The Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in immune related pathways. HGF gene (hepatocyte growth factor) was prognostic related and with a better prognostic performance when combined with clinical features (AUC=TCGA 0.638, AUC=GEO 0.714). HGF was significantly related with B cell, CD4ï⁢¼⁢T cell, CD8+T cell, macrophage, neutrophils, and dendritic cell infiltration. CONCLUSION : The current study analyzed the TME and presented immune related prognostic biomarkers for OSCC.
National approaches for citizen data management in response to COVID-19: An overview and implications of contact tracing apps in 21 countries
Authors: Zhu Lin , Demircioglu Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic brings the topic of citizen data management (CDAMA) into the public eye. This study is one of the first attempts to analyze the national approaches for CDAMA applied by governments of different countries and continents in public sectors. The study first conducts a systematic overview of the representative contact tracing apps in 21 countries of four continents, collecting information of the four aspects of the CDAMA system. It then summarizes and analyzes the various governments’ approaches to the CDAMA system applied by different countries and continents based on the app overview. We found that governments’ priority between national safety (i.e., public health in this study) and citizen privacy is different in terms of their national approaches for CDAMA. For example, governments of Asian countries are more intrusive and hold a stricter attitude in their national CDAMA approach than countries elsewhere. Our study has contributions both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, it fills the literature gap about data management by discussing the data management in governments; practically, the study provides the background information as well as implications for future debates and discussions on governments’ data management system and citizen data use.
The Role of Vascular Risk Factors in Biomarker-Based AT(N) Groups: A German-Dutch Memory Clinic Study
Authors: Kučikienė Domantė , Costa Ana Sofia , Banning Leonie C.P. , van Gils Veerle , Schulz Jörg B. , Ramakers Inez H.G.B. , Verhey Frans R.J. , Vos Stephanie J.B. , Reetz Kathrin
Published: March 2022

Background: The relation between vascular risk factors (VRFs) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important due to possible pathophysiological association. Objective: To assess the prevalence of VRFs in biomarker-based AT(N) groups and the associations between VRFs, AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognition in clinical context. Methods: We included patients from two memory clinics in University Hospital Aachen (Germany) and Maastricht University Medical Centre (The Netherlands). Subjects were older than 45 years and had available data on demographics, VRFs, CSF AD biomarkers, and MRI. We categorized individuals in normal AD biomarkers, non-AD change, and AD-continuum groups based on amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) status in CSF and MRI. Regression models were corrected for age, sex, and site. Results: We included 838 participants (mean age 68.7, 53.2% male, mean MMSE 24.9). The most common VRFs were smoking (60.9%), hypertension (54.6%), and dyslipidemia (37.8%). Alcohol abuse and smoking were most frequent in the non-AD-change group, and coronary heart disease and carotid artery stenosis in the AD continuum group. Higher rates of depression were found in the normal AD biomarkers group. Parietal atrophy and cortical microbleeds were specific for the AD continuum group. Carotid artery stenosis was associated with pathological Aβ42 and T-tau values, and diabetes and alcohol abuse were associated with worse medial temporal atrophy and atrial fibrillation, with worse cognition. Conclusion: VRFs are common in memory clinic patients, showing differences across the AT(N) biomarker groups. This is important for prevention and individualized treatment of dementia.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Cognitive Screening Tests in Detecting Dementia Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Hierarchical Bayesian Latent Class Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Li Fengjie , Gao Qi , Jiang Zhen , Abudusaimaiti Xiayidanmu , Yao Jiangyue , Zhu Huiping
Published: March 2022

Background: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are neuropsychological tests commonly used by physicians for screening cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to different imperfect reference standards, the performance of MoCA and MMSE do not reach consensus. It is necessary to evaluate the consistence and differentiation of MoCA and MMSE in the absence of a gold standard for AD. Objective: We aimed to assess the accuracy of MoCA and MMSE in screening AD without a gold standard reference test. Methods: Studies were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Chinese Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Cochrane Library. Our search was limited to studies published in English and Chinese before August 2021. A hierarchical Bayesian latent class model was performed in meta-analysis when the gold standard was absent. Results: A total of 67 studies comprising 5,554 individuals evaluated for MoCA and 76,862 for MMSE were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 0.934 (95% CI 0.905 to 0.954) for MoCA and 0.883 (95% CI 0.859 to 0.903) for MMSE, while the pooled specificity was 0.899 (95% CI 0.859 to 0.928) for MoCA and 0.903 (95% CI 0.879 to 0.923) for MMSE. MoCA was useful to rule out dementia associated with AD with lower negative likelihood ratio (LR-) (0.074, 95% CI 0.051 to 0.108). MoCA showed better performance with higher diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) (124.903, 95% CI 67.459 to 231.260). Conclusion: MoCA had better performance than MMSE in screening dementia associated with AD from patients with mild cognitive impairment or healthy controls.
Weighting for the Beat: Using a Dance Cue to Facilitate Turning in People with Parkinson’s Disease and Freezing of Gait
Authors: Kal Elmar C. , Ellmers Toby J. , Fielding Anna E. , Hardeman Lotte , Coito Juliana , Joyce Lauren , Young William R.
Published: March 2022

Freezing of gait (FOG) can severely compromise daily functioning in people with Parkinson’s disease. Inability to initiate a step from FOG is likely underpinned, at least in part, by a deficient preparatory weight-shift. Conscious attempts to weight-shift in preparation to step can improve success of initiating forward steps following FOG. However, FOG often occurs during turning, where weight-shifting is more complex and risk of falling is higher. We explored the effectiveness of a dance-based (‘cha-cha’) weight-shifting strategy to re-initiate stepping following FOG during turning. Results suggest that this simple movement strategy can enhance turning steps following FOG, without compromising safety.
Removal of Pb2+ from synthetic aqueous solution using hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite@AD37 composite materials
Authors: Mahroug Hanane , Belkaid Soraya , Medjahed Kouider
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a simple method was proposed to obtain hydroxyapatite (HA) and hydroxyapatite/partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HA/AD37) composite materials which where applied to lead retention from aqueous solution by means of the batch method. The characterization of the materials verified that the presence of AD37 created interconnected porosity in the composite HA/AD37 giving it a good swelling properties that conducted to an easy separation of the material from aqueous solutions.

Retention experiments carried out by varying the dose of lead and the contact time between adsorbent and adsorbate showed that the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) obtained for 2072.2 mg/L as initial concentration of Pb2 + was equal to 984.63 mg/g for HA and 924.50 mg/g for HA/AD37. Furthermore, AD37 used alone cannot retain Pb2 + ions. Indeed, the calculated Qmax of AD37 part of the composite was of 806.57 mg/g. The obtained Qmax values was elevated more than the reported values in many literatures.

Based on the correlation coefficient, the kinetic study proved that pseudo-second order model agrees well with the obtained experimental data for Pb2+ retention by both HA and HA/AD37. Also, isotherm study explored that adsorption of lead was best fitted by Langmuir model for HA and Temkin model for HA/AD37.

At last, the mechanism of retention was probed by characterizing the adsorbents after contact with lead ions by XRD and SEM. The results showed the transformation of calcium-hydroxyapatite to different structures of lead hydroxyapatite confirming the presence of ion exchange mechanism between Ca2+ and Pb2+.
A comprehensive analysis of physical activity, nutrition, body composition and functional fitness of women over 60 years old
Authors: Ogonowska-Slodownik Anna , Kosmol Andrzej , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

A healthy lifestyle provides a number of benefits, few comprehensive studies have assessed functional fitness and its association with physical activity, nutrition and body composition in older people.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between functional fitness, physical activity, nutrition and body composition of women aged above 60 years.

METHODS:

A group of 168 women was divided into two subgroups (‘active’ and ‘inactive’) based on their participation in organized exercise. Physical activity was measured with ActiGraph GT3-BT, nutrition was evaluated with the 4-day record intake, body composition was assessed with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, functional fitness was measured using the Senior Fitness Test.

RESULTS:

A significant relationship was found between the functional fitness index, age and body fat in the ‘active’ group. In the ‘inactive’ group, a relationship was found between the length of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day, Healthy Diet Indicator, body fat and functional fitness index.

CONCLUSION:

Fat mass is of significant importance in maintaining functional fitness in women over 60 years of age, regardless of undertaking organized physical activity
Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Sintering pada Proses Metal Injection Molding Terhadap Densitas, Porositas, dan Kekerasan Sinter Part Berbahan SS 17-4 Ph
Authors: Abdulah Amri , Shiediqque Apang Djafar , Mutahar Moch Iqbal Zaelani , Panggabean Raja Mualtio
Published: March 2022

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) yaitu gabungan dari proses powder metallurgy dan plastic injection molding yang diterapkan pada pembuatan produk/komponen yang memerlukan sifat mekanis yang tinggi (high performance), fleksibilitas desain dan material, permukaan yang baik, dan jumlah produksi yang tinggi sehingga dapat meminimalisir biaya manufaktur. Proses ini dapat diterapkan pada berbagai jenis material termasuk material logam maupun keramik seperti superalloy, baja tahan karat, titanium, karbida, zirconia dan lain-lain. Dalam penelitian ini metal injection molding untuk aplikasi ortodontik dilakukan dengan basis bahan stainless steel 17-4 PH selain itu ditambahkan variasi temperatur sebesar 1200°C, 1250°C, dan 1300°C selama 2 jam, untuk melihat perbandingan nilai densitas, struktur mikro, dan kekerasan sampel dari proses perbandingan nilai densitas didapatkan hasil nilai rata-rata variasi temperatur 1200°C sebelum sintering 67,31% , setelah sintering 86,07% , variasi temperatur 1250°C sebelum sintering 68,62%, setelah sintering 89,50% , variasi temperatur 1300°C sebelum sintering 69,31% , setelah sintering 91,48% , dari proses pengujian metalografi didapatkan hasil porositas sebesar 12% pada temperatur 1200°C, variasi temperatur 1250°C didapatkan hasil porositas sebesar 5% , variasi temperatur 1300°C didaparkan hasil porositas sebesar 9%, dari proses pengujian kekerasan didapatkan hasil rata-rata variasi temperatur 1200°C 59,3 HV , variasi temperatur 1250°C 88,9 HV , variasi temperatur 1300°C 70,275 HV.
Karakterisasi Sifat Fisik Bentonit Riau melalui Metode Pengujian Distribusi Ukuran, Swelling Index, Pengukuran pH, dan Methylene Blue Value
Authors: Muttahar Moch Iqbal Zaelana , Djuanda Dagus Resmana , Afrilinda Eva , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: March 2022

Di alam terdapat beberapa jenis bentonite yang biasa digunakan dalam aplikasi kehidupan sehari-hari, salah satunya Natrium-Bentonit dan Kalsium-Bentonit. Kedua jenis bentonit tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda sehingga aplikasi penggunaannya pun berbeda. Karena perbedaan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini berfokus pada proses karakterisasi bentonit yang berasal dari Riau. Pengamatan yang dilakukan berupa pengukuran distribusi ukuran bentonitit,  pengamatan Swelling Index Bentonit, pengukuran pH, dan pengukuran nilai Methylene Blue Value (MBV). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentonit Riau memiliki %berat tertampung pada ayakan 100 mesh sebesar 20,1% dan %berat tertampung pada ayakan 200 mesh sebesar 16,2% dengan nilai lolos sebanyak 80% (passing through 80%/P80) sebesar 0,64 mm, kemudian didapatkan nilai kadar air sebesar 3,32%. Sifat swelling index bentonit Riau sebesar 3 mL/2g sehingga termasuk bentonit dengan kategori bentonit non swelling. Bentonit Riau memiliki pH range sebesar 4-5. Hasil dari seluruh penelitian tersebut  membuktikan bahwa  bentonit yang diuji adalah bentonit dengan basis kalsium. Bentonit ini cocok diaplikasikan untuk industri kebutuhan sehari-hari, seperti bahan pada pembersih wajah, salep kulit, deterjen, dan penjernih minyak goreng.
Kiből lettek és kivé válnak a 21. század gyermekei?
Authors: Benyusz Márta
Published: March 2022

A gyermek mint jogalany kiemelt értékessége a hétköznapi párbeszédek szintjén alapvetésnek és világnézetektől függetlennek tűnik. A kérdés mélyére tekintve ugyanakkor egyértelművé válik, hogy nagyon gyakran a kiemelt értékességet nem a gyermekek, hanem a bűvös 18. életévet átlépett felnőttek perspektívájából határozzuk meg, és a gyermekek jogai mind mikro- (család, iskola), mind makro- (nemzeti és nemzetközi jogalkotó) szinten relativizálódnak. Ahhoz, hogy a gyermek és a gyermekkora hatékony védelmet kapjon, szükségszerű a gyermek megértése és „gyermekjogi szemüvegen” keresztül való szemlélése. Ehhez a megértéshez igyekszem közelebb kerülni a tanulmányban azzal, hogy a történelem kezdetétől áttekintem, miként gondolkodott a múlt embere gyermekéről, a gyermek helyéről a társadalomban, a szülő és a gyermek kapcsolatáról, és ez miként vezetett el a 21. század bizonytalanságaihoz.
Az alapvető jogokat sértő elhelyezési körülmények miatti kártalanítás új szabályairól
Authors: Boda Zoltán , Nagy Antal
Published: March 2022

Véleményem szerint a jogalkotó nem gondolt bele abba, hogy ha valóban előáll az a helyzet, hogy teljesen megszűnnek a büntetés végrehajtási (bv.) intézetek túlzsúfoltsági körülményei, akkor a következőkkel kell szembesülni: a kérelmezők az egyéb elhelyezési körülményeik miatti sérelmek okozta személyiségi jogaik megsértése miatt igényeik pénzbeli kompenzálására irányuló érvényesítésétől teljesen el lesznek zárva, a bírósághoz fordulás joga kizáródik. „Faramuci” helyzetbe kerülnek tehát a fogvatartottak, mert sem a Bv. tv. szerinti kártalanítási eljárásban, sem pedig a Pp.-n, illetve Ptk.-n alapuló személyiségi jogok megsértése iránt indított perben érdemi jogorvoslatra nem biztos, hogy számíthatnak. Ez pedig korántsem biztos, hogy „kiállna egy EJEB előtti próbát”, hiszen jogállami keretek között elképzelhetetlen a számonkérhetőség lehetőségének kvázi el nem ismerése.
Rejtőzködő városi menekültek Bangkokban
Authors: Solymári Dániel , Tamássy Bence
Published: March 2022

A thaiföldi bevándorlási törvény értelmében az országba érkező menekültek illegális bevándorlónak minősülnek. Ennek alapvető oka, hogy a délkeletázsiai királyság máig nem csatlakozott a genfi menekültügyi egyezményhez, így menekültkérelmeket nem fogad, e státuszt nem ismeri el. A jogszerűtlenül tartózkodókat a rendőrség idegenrendészeti őrizetbe veheti, ellenük büntetőeljárást kezdeményezhet. E nemzetközi dialógusban vitális téma azonban Magyarországon kevésbé ismert. Munkánkban a thai menekültügyi valóságot érintő helyi és nemzetközi jogi kereteket tekintjük át és mutatunk rá a thai jogalkalmazás révén kialakult humanitárius válságra. Írásunk fókusza arra a kérdésre irányul, hogy a genfi menekültügyi egyezmény meghatározása alapján menekültnek minősülő emberek milyen jogvédelemre számíthatnak egy olyan országban, amely nem rendelkezik menekültügyi rendszerrel.
A katolikus egyház szerepe a fogyatékossággal élők esélyegyenlőségének előmozdításában
Authors: Ujházi Lóránd
Published: March 2022

Helyes európai szocializációnk folytán a fogyatékossággal élő emberekhez azzal a tisztelettel és elfogadással fordulunk, amely őket megilleti. Jogrendszerünk pedig különös figyelmet fordít jogaik védelmére. Fontos garanciális elem az úgynevezett pozitív diszkrimináció elve, amely állapotuk figyelembevétele mellett, a lehető legtöbb olyan többletjogosítvánnyal ruházza fel őket, amelyek segítségével többi polgártársaikhoz (közel) egyenlő eséllyel indulhatnak az életben. Az európai attitűd és jogvédelem kialakulásában azonban kulcsszerepet játszott a kereszténység és azon belül a katolikus egyház. Ebben a tanulmányban azt bizonyítom, hogy az európai jogvédelmi mechanizmus érthetetlen a katolikus egyház betegekről szóló tanítása nélkül. Hipotézisemet teológiai, kánonjogi, eszmetörténeti és művészeti szempontból igazolom. Különös hangsúlyt fektetek az alapjogi aspektusok és az egyház jelenlegi teológiai tanítása közötti különbözőségekre is, ami legkézzelfoghatóbban a magzati élet védelme területén ölt testet.
A atuação da contabilidade gerencial como método benéfico nas empresas
Authors: Ribeiro Marcilene Sales
Published: March 2022

A contabilidade gerencial é um processo que produz informações para as diversas partes interessadas da empresa tais como: os investidores, órgãos governamentais, credores, dentre outros e, através destas informações, são tomadas as decisões com mais segurança, fazendo com que a empresa cresça e se torne competitiva. Assim, se tem como a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: como é a atuação da contabilidade gerencial na tomada de decisão no meio empresarial? O objetivo geral é analisar suas características, bem como a aplicação e os benefícios da Contabilidade Gerencial para empresas. A metodologia utilizada para realizar a pesquisa foi descritiva e explicativa. Quanto aos meios, a pesquisa foi bibliográfica, buscando a definição e o alcance do problema levantado, por meio de artigos, de livros e de sites especializados. Ao longo da elaboração da pesquisa, foi possível concluir que a contabilidade gerencial se constitui como um instrumento relevante para o processo de tomada de decisões, visto que, a literatura consultada é unânime em afirmar que a contabilidade, como sistema de informação e avaliação patrimonial, provê aos usuários informações econômicas, financeiras e patrimoniais para respaldar as decisões.
Atenuação de fótons em barreiras de proteção de concreto
Authors: Mendonça Luan Carlos Ferreira de , Figueiredo Thales Gonçalves da Silva , Gavazza Sérgio
Published: March 2022

A importância da proteção contra radiação ionizante está aumentando em paralelo com a evolução da medicina nuclear. O emprego de radiações na área da saúde inclui seções de diagnóstico e de radioterapia – desde que a sala de tratamento receba um nível de radiação que não seja deletério. Este trabalho ilustrará a eficácia do concreto como material de blindagem (ou barreira), para atenuação de raios gama monoenergéticos. Diante disso, foram traçadas as curvas da atenuação exponencial, do fator de crescimento (Buildup) e do fator de transmissão para diferentes energias do raio gama e espessuras do concreto. Obteve-se uma comparação entre métodos da Engenharia Nuclear para determinação dos fatores de Buildup – isto é, foi mostrado que ao calcular o fator de Buildup por Taylor, conseguem-se resultados próximos ao se utilizar o fator de Buildup de Berger. Diante deste contexto, o presente artigo tem como questão norteadora: Como o Engenheiro Civil pode projetar barreiras de proteção sabendo dos potenciais riscos de radiação, mantendo a segurança necessária? O objetivo geral é determinar os fatores de transmissão, em função da atenuação exponencial e do fator de Buildup, da radiação eletromagnética em blindagens de concreto, pois dessa maneira obtém-se uma equação de linha de tendência que possibilita ao engenheiro projetista determinar a espessura da barreira que assegure a devida proteção radiológica. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foi necessária uma pesquisa exploratória, através de revisão bibliográfica. Como houve a análise das informações obtidas, elucida-se uma pesquisa de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Como conclusão deste estudo elaborou-se curvas dos fatores de transmissão de raios gamas em várias espessuras de concreto. Constatou-se que esses fatores de transmissão dependem da energia do raio gama e da espessura de concreto empregada. Finalmente, enfatiza-se a importância para o Engenheiro Civil obter os devidos conhecimentos técnicos ao se deparar com este tipo de projeto.
Odgojni postupci roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju
Authors: Romstein Ksenija
Published: March 2022

U posljednjih se desetak godina postavljanje granica u odgoju djece kao temeljnog pedagoškog procesa socijalizacije u obitelji sve manje istražuje. Posebno je to vidljivo u istraživanjima koja se bave djecom s teškoćama rane i predškolske dobi gdje se naglasak stavlja na potvrđivanje učinaka pojedinih programa i njihove znanstvene utemeljenosti, dok se primarna funkcija interpersonalnih relacija na razini djetetovog proksimalnog okruženja rijetko adresira. Drugim riječima, postoji svojevrsni znanstveni bias prema pedagoškim postupcima u obitelji, tj. odgojnim strategijama iako temeljne spoznaje s područja pedagogije i psihologije govore o tvorbenim učincima roditeljskih obrazaca izvanjske regulacije dječjeg ponašanja u smjeru autonomije ili heteronomije u odrasloj dobi. Stoga je u veljači i ožujku 2020. godine provedeno intervjuiranje roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju (N=100) o odgojnim strategijama koje prakticiraju. Utvrđeno je postojanje dviju temeljenih kategorija odgojnih strategija roditelja: strategije aktivacije, tj. nagrađivanja djece i strategije inhibicije, tj. kažnjavanja. Kao nagradama roditelji se koriste hranom, tabletom/mobitelom i omiljenom aktivnosti, dok kao kazne primjenjuju tzv. time-out, uskraćivanje omiljenog predmeta (tableta/mobitela) i aktivnosti te fizičko kažnjavanje. Postojeće stanje pokazuje kako roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju nemaju dostatnu društvenu podršku u iznošenju svojih roditeljskih uloga, što je u budućnosti potrebno adresirati znanstveno utemeljenim programima podrške roditeljima.
GC-MS SCREENING, ACUTE TOXICITY AND IN VIVO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL WHOLE PLANT EXTRACT OF Plantago rugelii (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Ogbiko Cyril
Published: March 2022

A metabolic disorder like Diabetes Mellitus requires serious attention to prevent its associated long-term complications. Plantago rugelii is an important medicinal plant used in South-South Nigeria for the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus amongst others. The present investigation focuses on the GC-MS profile, oral acute toxicity and the antidiabetic potential of the methanol whole plant extract of the plant. The fresh whole plant was obtained,air-dried, pulverized, cold macerated using absolute methanol and concentrated to dryness. Acute oral toxicity was conducted using standard procedure. The oral antidiabetic effect was evaluated in vivo on six groups of rats with five rats per group. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg) in ice-cold 0.9% v/v normal saline. The extracts at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight reduced glycaemia by 30.43%, 43.78% and 59.54% respectively as against the glibenclamide treated rats, which has an 82.77% reduction. There was no mortality at 4 g/kg p.o. after 24 hours and no sign of delayed toxicity or mortality after 14 days of observation. The GC-MS spectra revealed twenty-one (21) phytoconstituents of which some have established antidiabetic effects. The antidiabetic effect of the plant could be attributed to the presence of the established biological phytochemicals however; bioassay-guided isolation and characterization of the phytocompound(s) should be carried out to identify the lead compound(s).
SURVEY OF MOSQUITO SPECIES, COMPOSITION AND BREEDING HABITATS IN FOUR COMMUNITIES OF KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Yayock H. C. , Osagiede Nicholas Osazuyi , Bitrus S. , Gimba H. S. , Shehu R.
Published: March 2022

A survey on the species composition and breeding habitats of mosquitoes was conducted in four communities of Kaduna metropolis (Nariya, Tudun Wada, Kabala Doki and Sabon Tasha) through intensive bi-weekly sampling collection of larvae for a period of three months. All the randomly selected sampling points were categorized into three habitat types; Domestic Container (DC), Temporary Ground Pool (TGP) and Man-made Reservoir (MMR). All 3rd and 4th instar larvae were harvested and identified using taxonomic keys by Gillies and Coetzee. A total of 6,803 larvae samples were encountered and identified across the four communities. There were thirteen species which fall within the three common genera comprised of Culex species (94.19%), Aedes species (4.8%) and Anopheles (0.10%). Of the thirteen species identified, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (72.8%) was significantly high (p<0.05), then Culex toroensis Edwards(12.05%) and Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (4.8%). Temporary ground pool (61.7%) harbored more mosquito larvae; however there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in distribution of mosquitoes among the three habitat types sampled; The study identified medically important mosquito species in the four communities and recommends integrated control measures for these vectors especially in line with National Malaria Control strategy 2016 - 2030 for global reduction of malaria disease
APPLICATION OF LANDSAT-8 OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGER AND SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION-DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL IN THE STUDY OF IKARA AND ITS ENVIRONS, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Abdulmalik Nana , Garba I. , Abubakar I. Y. , Muhyideen H. , Agunleti Y. S. , Magaji S. S. , Aliyu A. E. , Umaru A. O.
Published: March 2022

Images of the earth’s surface captured by radiometric detectors on air-borne (satellite) sensors were employed in geologic reconnaissance survey. They were used to study rock units, pattern and trends of geologic structures on the surface in 2D. Multispectral resolution Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (Landsat-8 OLI), have nine spectral band with spatial resolution of 30 m (bands 1 to 7, and 9) and 15 m for band 8. The aim of this research is to discriminate lithological units/complexes and delineate fractures (lineaments), hence, only bands 2 to 7 were used for this study. This technique was used to discriminate existing lithological units and identify major and minor extensive geologic structures within the study area. These selected bands were selected, grouped and combined (Band Combination (BC)) and processed for interpretation using applicable Software Packages. Hence, for each procedure and maximum clarity in the output of results, three bands were combined for each analytical process. Bands 4,3,2; 6,5,4; 7,5,3 were combined for Natural Colour Composite (NCC), False Colour Composite (FCC) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) respectively. The results revealed two distinct lithological Complexes due to their similarities in appearance and differences in mineralogical compositions. SRTM-DEM was used to highlight the topography showing the lowest relief at the northeast and the highest relief at the south east. More so, elongated ridges of intermediate-high reliefs were exposed at the southern part of the study area trending NW-SE. A lineament map and Rose plot shows dominant trend of fractures to be NNW-SSE, NW-SE, N-S,
ANALYSIS OF LINEAMENT MAP OF PART OF MARU SCHIST BELT, NORTHWEST, NIGERIA AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION
Authors: Osumeje Joe O. , Oniku A. S. , Meludu O. C.
Published: March 2022

Lineament are extended mappable linear or curvilinear feature of a surface which can be utilized in mineral, oil, gas, and underground water studies. They are obvious in satellite images, aerial images or aerial photographs. The aim of this study is to analyse an automatically generated lineament from part of the Maru schist belt using a combination of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and Aeromagnetic data. The area of study is within the Maru schist belt in Zamfara State. A shaded relief map was produced from the two data sources and the lineament was extracted automatically from them. The extracted lineament was combined to obtain a final lineament map of the area. Trends such as N-S, NW–SE, ENE–WSW and NW–SE, with very little E-W were all present. The areas of very high, high, moderate and low population of lineaments was delineated. Regions with very high lineament intersections and lineament concentration, covers an area of 153.6 km2 and accounts for 16.1% of the study area, these regions are known to harbour gold and iron ores from literature reviews. These target regions are located at the Northern and South part of the study area. Also, the gold artisan miners have dominated these same regions and they have only started from exposed vein of gold mineralization. With this rather fast and easier approach of obtaining such a map, it could be used as a start point for planning a more detailed geophysical or geological survey
A BRIEF SURVEY OF BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS AS A VITAL PROCESS IN BIO-REFINERY
Authors: TONGSHUWAR Geoffrey Timothy , OYEGOKE Toyese
Published: March 2022

This report presents a mini-survey of biomass hydrolysis, which tends to unfold the concept of what the process is all about, categories involved, and reporting concerning the processes involved in each category. The categories entail the chemical and biological means where acid catalysts and enzymes are used, respectively, including reports of some works carried out in the literature.
EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF POULTRY FEEDS SOLD IN KATSINA METROPOLIS, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Uduma A. U. , Ojogba Joseph Akumah , Okafor E. O.
Published: March 2022

In Katsina metropolitan, a variety of poultry feeds are available, and the quality and standards of these feeds are critical for the production of eggs and meat. As a result, the quality of selected chicken feeds sold in Katsina metropolitan was assessed by performing proximate analysis using AOAC methodology. Super starter, grower concentrate, broiler finisher, broiler starter, broiler super starter, layer mesh, grower mesh, and layer concentrate were among the samples used. The percentage mean to standard deviation was used to express the findings. The crude protein content of the diets studied ranged from 0.46 ± 0.00 percent to, 8.24± 0.02 percent, ash content 6.31± 0.01 percent – 33.30± 0.04 percent, crude fiber content 1.03 ±0.00 percent – 3.21± 0.00 percent, lipid content 0.11± 0.00 percent, 2.30 ±0.00 percent, moisture content 4.28 ±0.25 – 6.66 ±0.78 percent, and carbohydrate content 51.78± 2.68 – 83.72 ±0.57 percent. Although there was variation in the mean and standard deviation levels among the samples analyzed, such variations were not statistically significant (P>0.05) according to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the difference in the mean levels of parameters evaluated in eight samples.
ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ANOPHELES MOSQUITO IN RELATION TO PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ojianwuna C. C. , Enwemiwe Victor , Ekeazu C. N.
Published: March 2022

In this study, the effect of physicochemical parameters as determinants for the abundance and distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes was examined. Physicochemical variables such as pH, temperature, DO, TDS, flow velocity, salinity and electrical conductivity were determined using standard procedures. Three communities in Ukwani LGA, Delta State were mapped out and sampled. Immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from potential breeding sites using 350 ml dip ladles and scooping spoon. The physicochemical parameters showed that air, and water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were higher in Umutu compared to the other sampled communities (Obiaruku and Umukwata). Salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids and flow velocity were higher in Obiaruku and Umukwata compared to Umutu. Various levels of significance (p <0.05) were recorded within sampled months and communities. The density of Anopheles mosquitoes were higher in ponds and puddles (42.1 and 32.6%) in Obiaruku compared to other locations irrespective of the sampled months. Highest density was also recorded in the month of September (42.3%) compared to other sampled months. Temperature, pH, DO, TDS and conductivity were in acceptable limits for mosquito survival. All parameters were positively correlated with the density of Anopheles mosquitoes. Thus, in practical terms for vector control, this study has demonstrated the importance of considering these physicochemical parameters when manipulating mosquito breeding sites for mosquito control programs, discourage their proliferation and decline the malaria burdens
EVALUATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT FACTORS AMONG SELECTED METALS IN ROADSIDE GROWN CEREALS OF THE SUDAN SAVANNA ECOLOGY OF NIGERIA
Authors: Anongo M'ember Catherine , Uyovbisere Onovosa Edwards
Published: March 2022

Phytoaccumulation of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in roadside grown wheat and maize varieties (  Pavon-76, Siettecerros, Zea mays L. and Zea mays everta L.) and the toxicity and phytoremediation capability of the plants was investigated. Four sampling sites, roadside (SU 1, SU 3) and distant sites (SU 2 and SU 4) were selected by principle to represent the level of pollution near major traffic routes and were the reference sampling points. Whole plant metal levels of the four crops were determined using the multi-elemental technique- Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent (EDXRF) and double beam AAS at A.B.U Zaria. Plant uptake factor (PUF), soil-plant transfer coefficient (TC) and translocation factor (TF) was computed for each metal. Pearson correlation analyses between the risk assessment factors of the metals were evaluated. Results revealed a positive significant (P<0.05) relationship between PUF/TC and PUT/TF for Cr and Zn in Pavon-76, PUF/TC for Cr and Zn in the two species of Zea mays L. and Cu in Siettecerros indicates atmospheric inputs and special ability or strong selective ability of each of the crops to accumulate certain metals. The inverse correlation between PUF/TC, PUF/TF and TC/TF among the metals indicates the proximity of SU 1 to the major highway, influence of traffic density, atmospheric inputs and geological material and a combination of other factors. This study reveals the potentialities of these varieties of Wheat and Maize which are terrestrial higher plants as accumulators of metallic elements and phytoremediators of roadside soil pollution
GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLAMIDE MONOMER ONTO RECYCLED CELLULOSE BACKBONE AND ITS EFFICACIES FOR REMOVAL OF SOME HEAVY METAL IONS IN WASTE WATER
Authors: Nasuru Zakiya , Salisu Ahmed , Lawal Umar
Published: March 2022

Acrylamide was grafted onto cellulose backbone of old newspaper by CAN initiator in aqueous medium. Grafting parameter such as percentage grafting (GP%) and Grafting yield(GY%) was evaluated at different reaction conditions such as temperature, time, monomer and initiator concentration. Hence it was after 150 minutes (at Temperature of 50 0C, 2.5 g of CAN, 4 g of AAM) had highest GP% of 97% and GY% of 160% for CE-g-PAAM respectively. The products were characterized by FTIR and TGA analyses. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater was evaluated using the grafted copolymer. The results revealed promising potential of the grafted cellulose as adsorbent for remediation of waste water.
IMPACT OF MUD BRICK MAKING ON THE PERI-URBAN ENVIRONMENTS OF MUKONO DISTRICT, UGANDA
Authors: Suleiman Zubairu Abdullahi , Aliyu Hassan Ibrahim , Hassan Adamu Ibrahim , Lubabatu Jibril Bello
Published: March 2022

The study investigated the impact of mud-brick making on the wetland ecosystem in Mukono district. The major objectives of the study were to establish the impact of brick making on the peri-urban environment in Mukono District Uganda. The study properly evaluated the socio-economic factors that influence the reliance of the people in the peri-urban area on brick making and wood selling in wetland. The data was collected between August 2019 to February 2021 by administering a structured questionnaire to 50 respondents that comprised brick makers, brick buyers, Local Council Executive, tree farmers, fuel wood sellers and District Environmental Executives that were randomly selected. Several socio-economic factors such as distance from the wetland, age, land owner ‘s major income, level of education and the amount of fire wood used during the mud-brick making process were analyzed. Result showed that brick-making process and impact to the peri-urban environment exposed significantly (P<0.00) to high physical risk as compared to brick buyers in the same working parameters which affects the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands as well as natural environment
PRODUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS AS SUBSTITUTE FOR CONVECTIONAL PLASTICS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Qasim Musa , Oyegoke Toyese , Omale Sunday
Published: March 2022

The world is moving towards the 2050 net-zero emissions goal and tackling the ever-growing environmental and sustainability crisis by implementing the European Green Deal. The move towards a more sustainable society in Nigeria is success with the production, use, and disposal of plastic in Nigeria. Emissions generated by plastic production, and unlimited-growing of plastic waste has a huge negative impact on the living organisms because of the large accumulation in the landfills and aquatic environment. Adoption of bioplastics, which is under assessment, is one way to decouple Nigeria from the use of fossil resources, and to mitigate specific environmental risks related to plastic waste. In this work, we aim at reviewing the viability of bioplastics production in Nigeria, work done and yet to be done for effective production and commercialization. We also discuss some of the merits and challenges that can be currently identified with the adoption of these processes in Nigeria.
PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MALNUTRITION OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN INVOLVED IN OUTPATIENT THERAPEUTIC PROGRAMME CASE STUDY OF PHC BABAN DODO ZARIA LGA, KADUNA STATE.
Authors: Abdullahi Haruna , Abdullahi Balarabe Sallau , Abraham O. Owolabi , Alhassan U. , Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar , Muhammad Auwal Saliu , Shehu M. Hassan , Jamilu Y. Muazu , Aminu Khadija , Hmed L. Safinat , Etsu Bako , M.A. Aisha , U.M. Jajere , Haliru Zailani
Published: March 2022

This study was a clinic-based cross-sectional survey that was incorporated with quantitative and qualitative data collection. Information on sociodemographic characteristics of the caregivers was assessed with the aid of a validated semi-structured questionnaire. Weight, oedema, and Mid up Arm Circumference (MAUC) of the children were measured weekly to monitor the progress of the programme. This study shows that 8(26.67%) of the caregivers were aged 21 – 25 years and 26 - 30 years each, while 7 (23.33%) were 18 - 20 years of age, only 1(3.33%) of the caregiver was above 40 years. The mean age of the respondents was 27 years. Educational status shows that 17(56.67%) of the caregivers attended Secondary school as the highest level of education, 5(16.67%) had no formal education while only 1 attended tertiary institution. Occupation wise, 36.67% (n=11) of the caregivers were Artisan/Skilled Worker, followed by 10(33.33%) who were housewives. The result of the MUAC of the SAM children for 8 weeks shows that the mean value for the first week was 9.73. The boosters of the programme show 76.7% of RUTF, 10% of porridge beans, tofu and turn brown. The cost of transportation and distance as barriers was 60% and 26.7% respectively. The performance indicators show 77.8% cure rate, 8% default rate, 2.7% death rate and no recovery rate was 11.1%.  Geographic coverage is 5.8% which when compared with the percentage standard is alarming. Therefore, geographic coverage in this study site was low and this would translate into low program effectiveness