bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete mathematical theory of the jamming transition: A perspective
Authors: Zaccone Alessio
Published: February 2025

The jamming transition of frictionless athermal particles is a paradigm to understand the mechanics of amorphous materials at the atomic scale. Concepts related to the jamming transition and the mechanical response of jammed packings have cross-fertilized into other areas such as atomistic descriptions of the elasticity and plasticity of glasses. In this perspective article, the microscopic mathematical theory of the jamming transition is reviewed from first-principles. The starting point of the derivation is a microscopically reversible particle-bath Hamiltonian from which the governing equation of motion for the grains under an external deformation is derived. From this equation of motion, microscopic expressions are obtained for both the shear modulus and the viscosity as a function of the distance from the jamming transition (respectively, above and below the transition). Regarding the vanishing of the shear modulus at the unjamming transition, this theory, as originally demonstrated by Zaccone and Scossa-Romano [Phys. Rev. B 83, 184205 (2011)], is currently the only quantitative microscopic theory in parameter-free agreement with numerical simulations of O’Hern et al. [Phys. Rev. E 68, 011306 (2003)] for jammed packings. The divergence of the viscosity upon approaching the jamming transition from below is derived here, for the first time, from the same microscopic Hamiltonian. The quantitative microscopic prediction of the diverging viscosity is shown to be in fair agreement with numerical results of sheared 2D soft disks from Olsson and Teitel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 178001 (2007)].
Predictive modeling of electrochromic performance in ammonium metatungstate solutions using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Jiang Bocheng , Ning Honglong , Li Muyun , Yao Rihui , Guo Chenxiao , Huang Yucheng , Guo Zijie , Luo Dongxiang , Yuan Dong , Peng Junbiao
Published: February 2025

This research explores the application of machine learning (ML) in the domain of electrochromic (EC) technology, focusing specifically on liquid-state electrochromic devices (ECDs). Unlike traditional solid-state ECDs, liquid devices offer a simpler structure, reducing manufacturing variables and potentially improving prediction accuracy with minimal input data. Two types of ECDs were developed using solutions of ammonium metatungstate-iron(II) chloride and ammonium metatungstate-iron(II) sulfate, resulting in 20 different devices with varying concentration gradients. Transmittance alterations under different current densities were measured to determine modulation range and time response, serving as training data for ML models. Seven regression models were employed to construct EC models and predict optimal device solutions. Subsequent manufacturing and testing of new ECDs validated the predictions, with a comparative analysis of EC characteristics and model fitting performance conducted between the two types of ECDs. For ammonium metatungstate-iron(II) chloride ECDs, under a 5 mA applied current, the maximum optical modulation reached 23.67%, with a coloration efficiency of 17.54 cm2/C (under 700 nm). For ammonium metatungstate-iron(II) sulfate ECDs, under a 5 mA applied current, the maximum optical modulation reached 18.92%, with a coloration efficiency of 17.05 cm2/C (under 700 nm). The coloring time (tc) and bleaching time (tb) for ammonium metatungstate-iron(II) chloride ECDs were ∼14 and 8 s, respectively. The predicted maximum optical modulation for ammonium metatungstate-iron(II) chloride and ammonium metatungstate-iron(II) sulfate ECDs were 23.67% and 18.92%, respectively, with prediction accuracies reaching 97.90% and 96.97%, respectively. Decision tree regression (DTR) and kernel ridge regression (KRR) emerged as the most effective ML methods for these ECDs.
Effect of electron–phonon coupling on thermal transport in metals: A Monte Carlo approach for solving the coupled electron–phonon Boltzmann transport equation
Authors: Peng Jie , Deskins W. Ryan , Braga Maria Helena , El-Azab Anter
Published: February 2025

In this work, the effect of electron–phonon (e–ph) coupling on both electron and phonon transport of metals is investigated. A Monte-Carlo (MC) approach for solving the coupled electron–phonon Boltzmann transport equation is developed to study the thermal conductivity of α-U and Ag. In this approach, the anisotropic electron band structure, phonon dispersion in the full Brillouin zone, and mode-dependent thermal relaxation time of electrons and phonons are calculated from first principles. Using this approach, MC simulations of coupled e–ph thermal transport at different temperatures in α-U and Ag are performed. Results indicate the e–ph relaxation time is orders of magnitude smaller than the phonon relaxation time. In phonon thermal transport, the impact of ph–e scattering is almost negligible and the ph–ph scattering dominates phonon transport. At high temperatures, the electrons dominate thermal transport in both α-U and Ag. However, at low temperatures, the phonon contribution to the total thermal conductivity of α-U is significant. Moreover, the Lorenz ratio deviates from the Sommerfeld value at low to intermediate temperatures, where the Wiedemann–Franz law is not applicable. Finally, we show that the Ag electron thermal conductivity shows a stronger size effect than the phonon thermal conductivity.
Tunable mode-locked laser in the 2.0–2.6
μ
m range with GHz-level spectral width and sub-nanosecond pulse duration
Authors: Zhang Zheyuan , Bu Xiangbao , Okazaki Daiki , Song Wenqing , Morichika Ikki , Ashihara Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Mode-locked lasers with narrow spectral bandwidths and high power spectral density are valuable for various applications that require selective and efficient light–matter interactions. However, mode-locked lasers in the mid-infrared (MIR) region so far face significant challenges in both narrowing the spectral width and expanding the tunable range. In this work, we demonstrate a Fourier transform-limited pulsed laser with ultra-narrow bandwidth by utilizing the frequency-modulated (FM) mode-locking technique in a Cr:ZnS laser. The proposed laser achieves a spectral width of ∼2 GHz (∼40 pm) and a pulse duration of ∼200 ps within a wide tunable range from 1966 to 2572 nm. By incorporating an etalon into the cavity, the spectral width is further narrowed to ∼500 MHz (∼8 pm), and the pulse duration is extended to ∼1 ns. We also find unique detuning characteristics of the FM mode-locked laser in that the narrowband mode-locked state is maintained over a large detuning frequency of ∼20 kHz, while its operating wavelength varies linearly with detuning. This property indicates a significantly better resistance to cavity length fluctuations compared to other active mode-locking schemes as well as a promising way to achieve precise wavelength fine-tuning through electronic control. The demonstrated laser, featuring an ultra-narrow spectral width at a desired mid-infrared wavelength, offers a powerful tool for high-resolution and high-sensitivity spectroscopy and coherent control of molecular vibrations.
Effect of an abrupt rough-to-smooth surface roughness transition occurring upstream or within a wind farm studied using large eddy simulation and analytical modeling
Authors: Kethavath Naveen N. , Ghaisas Niranjan S.
Published: February 2025

The effect of a rough-to-smooth (R-S) surface roughness transition occurring within or upstream of a wind farm is studied using large-eddy simulation (LES). The R-S transition alters the velocity deficit, turbulence intensity (TI), turbine wake recovery, and farm power generation. The wake growth rate correlates well with the added TI rather than TI. The distance between the R-S transition and the first-row turbine is shown to be a key parameter. For the parameters considered, a wind farm starting 6 turbine diameters (d) upstream to 4d downstream of the transition has 15%−19% lesser wake losses compared to a wind farm sited on a homogeneously rough surface far upstream of the transition. Similar observations hold for farms with increased row spacing or with increased turbine thrust coefficient. The farm wake losses are only weakly sensitive to the turbine hub heights. Decreasing the upstream/downstream surface roughnesses keeping their ratio fixed leads to a smaller difference between wind farms on homogeneously/heterogeneously rough surfaces. Predicting the power using analytical models for the velocity field is not trivial. Different single-turbine wake model and velocity sampling location choices are evaluated. Incorporating a model for upstream blockage effects and sampling the velocity at the turbine location are shown to be essential to predict the power accurately, to within 9% of the LES results, for most of the cases studied here.
Role of crossflow and immersion ratio on interfacial flow when swirling drum sinks partly: A computational study
Authors: Panda Santosh Kumar , Rana Basanta Kumar
Published: February 2025

The present work numerically investigates the role of crossflow and immersion ratio on the interfacial configurations when a cylindrical drum sinks partially within a bath. Film coating and fluid entrainment are the most imperative findings of this computational study, which are significantly relevant to industrial operations like coating on papers, metal sheets, and fabrics, and mixing techniques like marine hydrodynamics, atmospheric layer mixing, ocean thermocline, food processing, etc. Several dimensionless relevant input quantities such as Capillary number (Ca), Reynolds number (Reflow), immersion ratio (S/D), Morton number (Mo), and Archimedes number (Ar) are involved to anticipate the new findings. First, the critical immersion ratio, S/Dcritical is anticipated to demarcate the air and liquid coating drum. S/Dcritical monotonically increases as Reflow grows continually for a fixed Ca. We have determined steady azimuthal length of the liquid crest βl−s* and vertical shift of the leading front of the liquid cusp Yl−s* when the drum is surrounded by gaseous phase at steady state condition. Simultaneously, film thickness h*, cusp width H*, and cusp length θs* are analyzed meticulously when the drum is surrounded by liquid phase. A thicker liquid encapsulates the drum for a higher S/D compared to a lower S/D at a fixed Reflow. Importantly, the pattern of θs* drops consistently against Reflow for a constant magnitude of S/D and Ca. Velocity vectors are used to predict the fluidic behavior and highlight important physics. The role of gravitational pull and viscous drag is delineated using Archimedes number (Ar) and Morton number (Mo), respectively. Finally, an analytical solution has been developed to predict the film and cusp width under steady state conditions in the presence of crossflow for different values of Ca and S/D. A satisfactory agreement is predicted between computational and analytical approaches.
Diversion device for large-scale experimental water tanks
Authors: Feng Weipeng , Yan Xiang , Ji Chunning , Bai Zhigang , Li Zhenyu , Xu Tong , Yang Xu
Published: February 2025

The diversion device is a crucial component of the experimental water tank's flow-making system, significantly influencing both its flow-making performance and the resulting flow field characteristics. In this paper, the diversion device of the flow-making system in a large-scale experimental water tank was investigated. Using the computational fluid dynamics method to solve the Navier–Stokes equations combined with the Renormalization group k–ε turbulence model, the flow field characteristics under different diversion schemes were analyzed, considering diversion angle, geometric shape of the diversion slope, and diversion blade size. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of the contour results and flow field uniformity for different conditions, a diversion scheme for the large-scale experimental water tank was proposed. The results indicate that the optimal inflow angle for the tank should be 30°, the geometric shape of the diversion slope should be “Linear,” and the length of the diversion blade should be 42 cm. The diversion device of the experimental water tank was implemented based on the established scheme, and a full-section flow-making experiment was subsequently conducted in the constructed water tank. The experimental results aligned well with the numerical simulation results, verifying the reliability of the simulation methods and demonstrating the rationality and feasibility of the proposed diversion device. The research results can provide a reference for the construction of flow-making systems in large-scale experimental water tanks of the same type.
Research on safety and energy efficiency monitoring technology for substation power system based on load holography perception
Authors: Li Yong , Guo Jing , He Yanhu , He Runming
Published: February 2025

Substations are an important component of the power grid, and their energy consumption and operational reliability are crucial for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This article aims to enhance the reliability of electrical equipment in substations and reduce energy consumption levels, which is of great significance. The AC and DC systems utilized in substations play a vital role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of substations. Currently, there is no intelligent method for monitoring the operating conditions and energy efficiency and providing abnormal warnings for various equipment in the station power system. This article is based on an integrated monitoring technology that combines measurement and sensing technology, big data applications, and artificial intelligence. It extracts the electrical characteristic parameters of all station electrical equipment and identifies and detects the type, electrical information, operation time, operation status, and energy consumption indicators of station electrical equipment through pattern recognition, feature matching, and machine learning. This enables holographic visual perception of load equipment in the station electrical system, significantly improving the safety management level of substations.
Realizing the key role of magnetic domain walls in magnetic field-enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Jin Yanli , Liu Jiawei , Zhou Wenda , Hu Ce , Jiang Zhenzhen , Zhou Hang , Zou Chengwu , Yang Yong , Yu Ting , Luo Xingfang , Lei Wen , Yuan Cailei
Published: February 2025

Understanding the relationship between magnetic structures (magnetic domains and domain walls) and enhanced activity is crucial for elucidating the mechanism behind magnetic field-assisted oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, two-dimensional CoSe2 nanosheets with room-temperature ferromagnetic properties and structural stability were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition. Electrochemical measurements suggest that OER performance of CoSe2 nanosheets is improved under a 200 mT magnetic field, with the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 reduced by 81 mV. Moreover, magnetic force microscopy observations on CoSe2 nanosheets reveal that spin disorder in the magnetic domain wall region transforms to spin order under the 200 mT magnetic field, resulting in improved OER performance. Although the magnetic field has a negligible effect on the OER performance of single-domain CoSe2 nanosheets, these findings reveal the decisive role of magnetic domain walls in enhancing OER performance under an applied magnetic field, pointing to the potential for industrial applications of magnetic field-assisted catalysis.
Extrinsic induction of apoptosis and tumor suppression via the p53–Reprimo–Hippo–YAP/TAZ–p73 pathway
Authors: Takikawa Masahiro , Nakano Airi , Krishnaraj Jayaraman , Tabata Yuko , Watanabe Yuzo , Okabe Atsushi , Sakaguchi Yukiko , Fujiki Ryoji , Mochizuki Ami , Tajima Tomoko , Sada Akane , Matsushita Shu , Wakabayashi Yuichi , Araki Kimi , Kaneda Atsushi , Ishikawa Fuyuki , Sadaie Mahito , Ohki Rieko
Published: February 2025

Tumor progression is suppressed by inherent cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis. The
p53
tumor suppressor gene is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer and plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression.
RPRM
is a target gene of p53 known to be involved in tumor suppression, but its molecular function has remained elusive. Here, we report that Reprimo (the protein product of
RPRM
) is secreted and extrinsically induces apoptosis in recipient cells. We identified FAT1, FAT4, CELSR1, CELSR2, and CELSR3, members of the protocadherin family, as receptors for Reprimo. Subsequent analyses revealed that Reprimo acts upstream of the Hippo–YAP/TAZ–p73 axis and induces apoptosis by transactivating various proapoptotic genes. In vivo analyses further support the tumor-suppressive effects of secreted Reprimo. These findings identify the p53–Reprimo–Hippo–YAP/TAZ–p73 axis as an extrinsic apoptosis pathway that plays a crucial role in tumor suppression. Our finding of the innate tumor eliminator Reprimo and the downstream pathway offers a promising avenue for the pharmacological treatment of cancer.
Gesture in contexts of verbal negation in Chinese
Authors: Wu Suwei , Cienki Alan , Chen Yaoyao
Published: February 2025

East Asian languages and cultures are known to show substantial differences from European ones, including in terms
of how negation is expressed. The present study considers how gestures relate to the expression of verbal negation by speakers of
Mandarin Chinese. Based on around 400 minutes of Chinese TV programs, we establish some relatively stable gestural form-meaning
mappings associated with verbal negation. For instance, holding away gestures tend to express
rejection, and wigwagging gestures tend to express denial. Our analyses of
these gestural correlations with verbal negation provide insights into the multifunctionality of negative verbal clauses when
viewed from a multimodal perspective.
Narratives in film title translation
Authors: Zhang Qi , Osborne Caitríona
Published: February 2025

This study sets out to investigate whether and to what extent the narratives contained in film titles and their
translations can differ from each other. Ten dramas selected from the work of two internationally renowned film directors, Zhang
Yimou and Jia Zhangke, were analysed using narrative theory. The findings suggest that films targeted at the international market
tend to employ selective appropriation, causal emplotment and relationality, and demonstrate variations in title translation.
Apart from linguistic and commercial factors, narratives can vary in Chinese film titles and their translations according to
cultural and social considerations, including political censorship.
Threat of Red Pine Scale,
Matsucoccus matsumurae
(Kuwana) to the Midwestern United States and Canada
Authors: Pureswaran Deepa S. , Garnas Jeff
Published: February 2025

The red pine scale,
Matsucoccus matsumurae
(Kuwana, 1905) (Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae), is the most destructive pest of red pine in North America. Native to Japan, it was first detected in the USA in 1946 and has since spread northward to the Canadian border. Outbreaks cause mortality of red pine stands which could have important consequences to forest ecosystems in the northern part of its range. We review the invasion history, geographic distribution, life history and damage caused by this pest. We suggest research avenues and the importance of early detection before the insect establishes in new regions in the northern distribution limits of red pine.

Information

© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2025 (Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre)
Impact of pectoral muscle removal on deep-learning-based breast cancer risk prediction
Authors: Klanecek Zan , Wang Yao-Kuan , Wagner Tobias , Cockmartin Lesley , Marshall Nicholas , Schott Brayden , Deatsch Ali , Studen Andrej , Jarm Katja , Krajc Mateja , Vrhovec Miloš , Bosmans Hilde , Jeraj Robert
Published: February 2025

Objective. State-of-the-art breast cancer risk (BCR) prediction models have been originally trained on mammograms with pectoral muscle (PM) included. This study investigated whether excluding PM during training/fine-tuning improves the model’s BCR discrimination performance, calibration, and robustness. Approach. First, the Original deep learning model (MIRAI), trained on the US (Massachusetts General Hospital) data, was validated, and the relative contribution of PM to BCR predictions was evaluated using saliency maps. Additionally, 23 792 mammograms from the Slovenian screening program were collected and two datasets were created, with and without screening positive exams. The original MIRAI was then fine-tuned on the training/fine-tuning set of Slovenian mammograms with and without PM, creating Fine-tuned MIRAI models. In total, four models (Original MIRAI with PM, Original MIRAI without PM, Fine-tuned MIRAI with PM, Fine-tuned MIRAI without PM) were compared on a test set in terms of discrimination performance for 1–5 Year BCR (evaluating area under the curve), calibration performance (measured with expected calibration error—ECE) and robustness to incremental PM removals/additions, and to incremental breast tissue removals. Results. The relative contribution of PM to the BCR prediction on the Original MIRAI model was low (∼5%); however, there were significant outliers where the relative contribution was more than 50%. The removal of PM did not impact the 1–5 Year BCR discrimination performance of the Original MIRAI (with screening positive exams: 0.77–0.91, without screening positive exams: 0.64–0.67). Fine-tuned MIRAI on mammograms with PM removed achieved significantly higher 1-5 Year BCR discrimination performance (with screening positive exams: 0.82–0.93, without screening positive exams: 0.71–0.79). After recalibration, all models had similar ECE (with screening positive exams: 0.04–0.05, without screening positive exams: 0.02–0.03). Significance. Improved BCR discrimination performance can be achieved when the model is trained/fine-tuned on mammograms with PM removed.
n-Si/p-BaO/p-SiO2 heterojunctions designed as negative capacitance and negative conductance sources, 6G technology frequency stabilizers, and current rectifiers
Authors: Al-Harbi M Y , Qasrawi A F , Alharbi Seham R
Published: February 2025

Barium oxide thin films were deposited on n-type Si wafers and coated with silicon oxide nanosheets to develop multifunctional electronic devices. Two channels, n-Si/p-BaO (SB) and n-Si/p-BaO/p-SiO2 (SBS), were fabricated under high vacuum (10−5 mbar). The SB channel served as a microwave resonator and a negative capacitance (NC) source, while the SBS channel exhibited suppressed NC and a negative conductance (NG) effect. NC and NG effects dominate in the frequency ranges of 1.18–1.80 GHz and 1.16-.80 GHz, respectively. Both channels demonstrated high cutoff frequencies exceeding 200 GHz, making them effective as 6G band filters and high-frequency stabilizers. Additionally, the current–voltage characteristics revealed strong temperature dependent asymmetry, with ratios of 52 and 132 at 5.0 V for SB and SBS, respectively, enabling their use as electronic switches and current rectifiers even at 433 K. These devices combine NC and NG features, high-frequency stabilization, and current rectification, showcasing their potential for advanced multifunctional applications.
Theoretical calculations and evaluation of atomic structure data for argon ions from F-like Ar to C-like Ar
Authors: Hamasha S M , Alna’washi G A , Abu-Allaban M
Published: February 2025

This paper reports the calculated atomic structure data for F-like, O-, N-, and C-like Argon (Ar) ions. These ions play a crucial role in interpreting fundamental plasma spectroscopy and understanding the complex astrophysical spectra. The relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) and many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) methods implemented in the flexible atomic code (FAC) were used to calculate the energy levels of the assigned ions. Relativistic and correlation effects, as well as second-order correction of quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects, were considered in the calculations to provide accurate energy levels for the desired ions. The atomic structure data produced for the assigned argon ions reported in this paper are consistent with the available published data and the NIST database, with a few exceptions in the first levels above the ground state of some selected ions. The present calculations demonstrate a high degree of accuracy and yield significant atomic structure details, particularly for higher-order shells with n = 4 and n = 5, in the four Ar ions.
Multi-image authentication, encryption and compression scheme based on double random phase encoding and compressive sensing
Authors: Xue Linlin , Ai Caihua , Ge Zenghao
Published: February 2025

Images may be subject to malicious tampering during transmission, making image encryption technology critically important. However, it remains challenging for the receiver to verify whether the received image is correct. This paper introduces a multi-image authentication, encryption and compression scheme that combines double random phase encoding (DRPE) and compressive sensing (CS) to address this issue. First, a random sampling matrix is used to downsample multiple plaintext images separately, which are then combined into one composite sampled image. Next, DRPE is employed to encode the composite sampled image and generate authentication information. The authentication information extracted in this way contains information of all plaintext images, making it possible to batch authentication of multiple images. Simultaneously, based on the encryption-then-compression (ETC) framework, multiple plaintext images are encrypted, compressed and quantized, forming ciphertext images. Finally, the ciphertext images and the authentication information are embedded into a carrier image for transmission. At the receiver’s side, the ciphertext images and authentication data are extracted from the carrier image. After that, image reconstruction and decryption are performed on the ciphertext images, and the reconstructed images are authenticated using the decoded authentication information. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly enhance the authentication efficiency while reducing the authentication information, and it outperforms existing single-image and double-image authentication schemes regarding authentication quality.
Coexistence and band mixing in 114,116Cd
Authors: Jalili Amir
Published: February 2025

Cd isotopes display multiphonon excitations involving particle-hole configurations, which makes them potential candidates for studying the coexistence between normal and intruder states. However, the presence of intruder states in Cd isotopes is more pronounced. Therefore, the two-state mixing model is suitable for explaining the band mixing observed in this study. This paper utilizes a simple two-state mixing model to analyze the ground and excited states of Cd isotopes. The mixing between the lowest vibrational and rotational 0+ and 2+ states and the sum of the second and third states of each Jp is estimated and compared. The calculations indicate that the mixing is more significant in 114 Cd than in 116 Cd.
Investigation of spectral properties of $^{11}$Be in breakup reactions
Authors: Janseitov Daniyar , Melezhik Vladimir , Valiolda D
Published: February 2025

We investigate the breakup of the $^{11}$Be halo nuclei on a light target ($^{12}$C) within quantum-quasiclassical approach in a wide range of beam energy (5–67 MeV/nucleon) including bound states and low-lying resonances in different partial and spin states of $^{11}$Be. The obtained results are in good agreement with existing experimental data at 67 MeV/nucleon. We also demonstrate that the developed computational scheme can be used for investigation of nuclei spectral properties in low-energy breakup experiments on different targets.
Model for the Glauber-type calculations of beam fragmentation at low energies
Authors: Ismailova Arailym , Parfenova Yuliya , Sharov Pavel , Janseitov Daniyar
Published: February 2025

The Glauber-type model for description nuclear fragmentation in light targets at the energies below 100 A·MeV is suggested. It is developed on the basis of the Glauber model within the nucleon transparent limit where the Lorentz invariant phase space factor is introduced to account for the energy and momentum conservation laws. The region of applicability of the model is discussed. The longitudinal momentum distributions of the most neutron rich nuclei, 10Be, 9Li, 8He, produced in few nucleon removal reactions in the 11B fragmentation in the Be target at the beam energies 10, 30, and 100 A·MeV are calculated. The results of the calculations are compared with predictions of statistical models of fragmentation such as the Goldhaber model. Within the new model, the asymmetric longitudinal momentum distributions at low energies are explained by the kinematical locus and geometry of the reaction.
Constraining vector dark matter and dark photon with degenerate mass in a hidden local SU(2) model
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Xu Xinran
Published: February 2025

We discuss almost degenerate vector dark matter and dark photon that are induced from hidden SU(2)H gauge sector where it is spontaneously broken by vacuum expectation value of SU(2)H doublet. Kinetic mixing between SU(2)H and U(1)Y gauge fields can be generated by introducing dimension six operator realizing dark photon interactions. In estimating relic density we focus on the process in which dark matter annihilate into dark photons, and search for the region of dark matter mass and gauge coupling realizing observed relic density. We then discuss constraints from dark photon physics, thermalization of dark sector and direct detection of dark matter. It is thenfound that constraints from direct detection experiments give us the strongest upper limits on the dark photon interactions. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
On sensitivity of nucleus deformation on final-state flow harmonics
Authors: Mascalhusk Henrique , Lemos Dener , Socolowski Jr. Otavio , Qian Wei-Liang , Padula Sandra , Yue Rui-hong
Published: February 2025

In this work, we explore the effect of deformation of the nuclei on collective flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.The parameter associated with the geometrical deformation in the Glauber model is tuned to reproduce the empirical multiplicity probability distributions correctly.Subsequently, the particle spectra and collective flows for Au+Au and U+U collisions are evaluated using a hybrid hydrodynamic code CHESS.We analyze the effects of the degrees of freedom associated with the IC on the final-state flow harmonics by exploring the parameter space of the former.The connection between the deformation parameters, specifically $\beta_2$ and $\beta_4$, and the flow anisotropies is scrutinized.In particular, deviations in elliptic flow at $p_{\mathrm{T}}\sim 2$ GeV are observed at smaller values of $\beta_2$ in Au+Au collisions.On the other hand, for U+U collisions, the averaged overall flow harmonics are found to be less sensitive to the geometrical parameters.Despite the difference in the model's specifications, our findings largely confirm those obtained in the literature employing different approaches, which indicate that flow harmonics can be used as a sensible probe for the initial geometry fluctuations and to discriminate between different theoretical models.
Carbon tracing method for regional distribution network with load-side electric energy substitution
Authors: Liu Han , Yue Fuchang , He Jie , Su Xiaodong , Li Guangxi
Published: February 2025

One of the primary forms of energy transformation, known as electricity substitution, plays a crucial role in achieving the “dual carbon” goals by replacing the combustion of traditional fossil fuels with electricity. However, this substitution also leads to carbon emissions within the power system. To address this issue, a regional carbon tracing method for load-side electricity substitution in distribution networks is proposed to analyze the decarbonization benefits of pre and post-electricity substitution. Initially, a precise carbon emission tracing model is developed based on the iterative nature of carbon emission flows. Subsequently, adjustments are made to carbon emission intensity to rectify the unfair allocation of carbon emissions from electricity substitution loads to different nodes, thereby establishing a load-side electricity substitution model. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through an example involving a distribution network in the East China region. The results highlight that this approach offers a more equitable assessment of carbon emissions from electricity substitution loads and provides scientifically accurate quantitative data for evaluating decarbonization metrics and the efficiency of energy-saving technologies in regional distribution networks.
Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lidinoid, Neovius and Splitp Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Liang Chengkai , Su Zhan , Ma Zhenyu , Gao Yushan
Published: February 2025

TPMS is a kind of special surface structure constructed by the implicit equation. It has good development potential in the heat transfer area and is regarded as one of the advanced heat exchangers with compact and high efficiency. Based on the existing theories, The convective thermal performance of three TPMS is studied in this paper, Lidinoid, Neovius and Splitp. The results show that when the porosity is 50%, the Splitp structure exhibits the best comprehensive overall performance, while the Neovius show the worst comprehensive thermal capacity and has the highest convective thermal coefficient but larger pressure. There are many through-hole structures in Splitp structure. If the porosity increases, it may affect the heat transfer process, which needs further study in the future.
Influence of erosion on the flow inside the nozzle and spray atomization characteristics of a marine diesel engine
Authors: Peng Yan , Li Hongmei , Hu Yuchen , Li Xiao , Pu Weihua
Published: February 2025

Due to the excellent output power and thermal efficiency, the marine diesel engine is the main source of power generation and propulsion for most marine ships at present. For diesel engines, the fuel injection system is the core of various advanced combustion control technologies. However, when the injector nozzle erosion occurs, the flow inside the nozzle and the injection characteristics of the injector will be influenced, which will affect the atomization of the spray and the subsequent combustion and engine performance. Therefore, in this paper, the influence of erosion on the flow inside the nozzle, and the spray atomization characteristics are studied by simulation. The results showed that erosion directly affects the flow rate inside the nozzle, which may be positive or negative. The erosion could generate stronger geometrically induced cavitation, which could lead to the further development of cavitation erosion. Besides, erosion can promote spray atomization to some extent.
Analysis of shrinkage characteristics of GaInSn liquid metal in pre-arc process
Authors: Gao Guoqiang , Wang Aozheng , Ma Yaguang , You Bingyan , Peng Wei , Yang Zefeng , Wu Guangning
Published: February 2025

Based on the self-shrinkage effect of liquid metal and its high electrical and thermal conductivity, liquid metal energy dissipator has a good application in the energy absorption branch of high-voltage DC system. However, the liquid metal energy dissipator is a closed device, and liquid metal vapor will be generated during its working process, which increases the pressure in the cavity, so the change characteristics of pressure in the cavity and its influencing factors also affect its energy consumption capacity and its service life. In this paper, the force and motion of liquid metal are analyzed, a mathematical model of shrinkage time before arc is constructed, the influence of short-circuit current and pore size on shrinkage time is explored, and the key factors affecting shrinkage time are clarified. Based on the theory of magnetohydrodynamics, the whole process of liquid metal from the beginning of contraction to the truncation of arc is simulated, so as to obtain the change characteristics of physical parameters such as pressure and Lorentz force in the cavity during the shrinkage process, and study the influence on the contraction time by adjusting the short-circuit current and aperture size. A GaInSn liquid metal energy dissipation test platform was built, and the pre-arc shrinkage characteristics of GaInSn liquid metal were studied, the variation of voltammetry characteristic curve during liquid metal energy dissipation was detected, and the accuracy of the simulation model was verified by experimental data. This study provides a theoretical reference for liquid metal energy dissipators applied to different grades of power systems.
Conductive metal-organic framework synthesis from metal nanoparticle precursors
Authors: Lister Abigail M , Wang Yu , Armitage Ben I , Li Weishuo , Castell Martin R
Published: February 2025

Conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential applications as critical functional materials in electronic devices such as chemiresistive sensors, capacitors and batteries. However, the widespread adoption of MOFs in devices is limited by the lack of reliable methods to generate uniform distributions of the MOFs in situ that are strongly adhered to the desired substrates. Here we present a method of synthesising electrically conductive Cu3(HITP)2 and Ni3(HITP)2 MOFs from Cu and Ni metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles are deposited from a magnetron plasma sputtering source onto substrates that include cotton, glass, gold and paper. These nanoparticle-decorated substrates are then immersed in a mildly alkaline solution of the ligand in the presence of an electrolyte. This results in the growth of MOF on the substrate only where the metal nanoparticles were deposited. The described method overcomes problems associated with drop-casting suspensions of the conductive MOF by generating uniform distributions in situ on the substrates. Both MOFs were generated successfully on all four of the substrates, with no preference for conducting or insulating substrates. The mild chemical synthesis environment and proven success with a variety of substrates indicate that the method is likely to be of wide applicability.
Iris recognition method based on improved sparrow search algorithm and BPNN
Authors: Su Ge , Tian Ye
Published: February 2025

Iris recognition is a very popular and efficient biometric method that has a wide range of applications in finance, security and many other areas. The uniqueness and invariance of the iris makes it highly accurate in identification. Although there are many approaches to iris recognition, such as deep learning based methods, drawbacks such as high computational complexity, high memory requirements, and long training times still exist. Since BP neural networks have the advantages of simple structure and short training time, this paper, an iris recognition method based on improved sparrow search algorithm (CRSSA) optimized back propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed. The sparrow search algorithm is improved using improved Kent chaos mapping strategy, Dynamic adaptive weight strategy and Logarithmic spiral-based random walk strategy. Then the improved algorithm is used to optimize the BP neural network. Finally, the improved network is used as a classifier for iris recognition. Preprocessing of iris images using Hough transform based processing. The iris image is processed using feature extraction methods based on first order statistical measures and second order statistical measures (F-S) and finally iris recognition is performed using the method proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper exhibits higher recognition accuracy and stability than other algorithms in the experiment on CSAIA-iris-V4 and JLU-4.0 datasets. The improved sparrow search algorithm (CRSSA) proposed in this paper also performs better than the other algorithms in the experiments in terms of convergence accuracy and stability.
Forgery in Musical Composition
Authors: Reece Frederick
Published: February 2025

Forgery in Musical Composition charts the history of forgery in classical music culture from the 1790s to the 1990s. Addressing the topic in depth for the first time, it exposes how and why musical counterfeits are made, casting new light on canonical composers such as Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert alongside prominent musicians like Fritz Kreisler and Glenn Gould. Drawing on a wealth of scores, primary sources, and interviews, the study explains how skillful fakers have succeeded in the past while also proposing active steps that scholars and musicians can take to better identify deceptive compositions in the future. Counterintuitively, the record shows that fake historical masterpieces have often seduced listeners not simply by imitating old works, but rather by mirroring modern cultural beliefs about innovation, identity, and meaning in music. With all this in mind, the book ultimately proposes that forged compositions have important truths to tell us about knowing and valuing works of art precisely because they are not what they appear.
Introduction
Authors: I. Córdova Hidalgo Amalia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to counter the perception of Indigenous cinemas in Latin America as an isolated and marginal practice, positioning its production as a rich and diverse field of inquiry, a sophisticated expression of diverse Indigenous knowledges and lifeways and a locally grounded yet transnational movement that reaches beyond calls for decolonization, becoming a particularly fertile site for the exercise of Indigenous self-determination. The chapter establishes the general corpus and methodology of the study, which traces the emergence of Indigenous filmmaking in Latin America as a nonlinear, imperfect genealogy of junctures, processes, and mediations that forms long-lasting organizations, bonds, and networks. The chapter also offers a brief overview of the ensuing chapters.
The Eagle and the Condor
Authors: I. Córdova Hidalgo Amalia
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents the major festivals and circulation initiatives that promote and exhibit Indigenous media production, tracing their emergence, breaks, and continuities. It describes how Indigenous film festivals constitute spaces of mediation between diverse cultural, social, and political forces; participate in the strengthening of the dynamic networks that support Indigenous media training, production, and exhibition; and, ultimately, open spaces for Indigenous expression and self-representation, despite regional differences, language barriers, and lack of policy. It discusses the multiple roles of Indigenous film festivals in the struggle for Indigenous cultural resistance, focusing on their effect on the trajectories of Indigenous media-makers and in the development of a global Indigenous film circuit.
Strategies in GATT and WTO Negotiations
Authors: Das Abhijit
Published: February 2025

While many books have examined strategies in commercial negotiations among private entities, there has hardly been any attempt at systematically analysing negotiating strategies in multilateral trade negotiations involving governments at the erstwhile General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and subsequently the World Trade Organization (WTO). Based on unparalleled access to first-hand accounts of key negotiators from India and other developing countries, Strategies in GATT and WTO Negotiations provides a systematic identification and comprehensive analysis of strategies and tactics deployed by the main players at the GATT/WTO negotiating table, particularly from the perspective of developing countries. This technically rich and lucidly written book will help readers comprehend the role strategy plays in the developed countries prevailing in WTO negotiations on most occasions. The reader will also understand the dynamics and strategies behind the rare successes of many developing countries in countering entrenched power equations at the GATT and WTO negotiating table. It includes a fascinating analysis of action behind the scenes and strategies deployed by many developing countries in securing some of their key negotiating objectives on three specific issues in the Doha Round of the WTO—Singapore Issues, Agriculture negotiations, and Food Security. The ‘insider’ accounts of some of the key negotiators add value to the known knowledge about how the strategies and tactics are practiced, which is often lacking in most theoretical accounts from academics who stand at an arms-length from these negotiations. The book provides a template for spawning a new stream of academic research on negotiating strategies in international organizations.
The effects of imidacloprid and polyester microfibers on the larval development of the endangered sunflower star
Authors: Tissot Alexandra G , Granek Elise F , Curliss Fiona , Kalytiak-Davis Augustin , Hodin Jason , Hladik Michelle L
Published: February 2025

Sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) has affected numerous species of sea star, with populations of Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt, 1835) left most at risk. As their populations are struggling to recover, it is important to gain a better understanding of the impacts that the multiple stressors in their habitats can have on their populations. Contaminant stressors in particular are of increasing importance, as aquatic organisms can be exposed to a dynamic range of contaminants from nearby anthropogenic activity that may affect their future recovery efforts. This study is the first to quantify the effects of contaminant stressors on the larvae of P. helianthoides. We exposed P. helianthoides larvae to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and polyester microfibers, both individually and in combination, at environmentally relevant concentrations (10 ng/L and 25 fibers/L, respectively) to measure the effects of these contaminants on their early life stages. Imidacloprid exposure resulted in stomach malformation in 10% of larvae and increased mortality during early development (p < 0.001), and all treatments resulted in increased larval lengths relative to controls (p < 0.001). During settlement, imidacloprid resulted in more rapid settlement responses than in the controls (p < 0.01). These findings highlight the need for further research investigating the effects of contaminant stressors to endangered organisms during reintroduction, as well as a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of pesticides to non-target organisms.