bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heliconia stricta Huber Behavior on Hybrid Constructed Wetlands Fed with Synthetic Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Almeida-Naranjo Cristina E. , Guachamín Gabriela , Guerrero Víctor H. , Villamar Cristina-Alejandra
Published: May 2020

Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a highly efficient, eco-friendly and economic alternative for wastewater treatment in decentralized contexts. The adequate selection of the plants used in CWs plays a decisive role in the successful implementation and operation of this technology type. In this work, we studied the behavior of a native tropical plant (Heliconia stricta Huber) for the removal of organic matter and nutrients within a hybrid CW system fed with synthetic domestic wastewater. This hybrid system was composed of two wetlands, a vertical surface flow (VSF-CW) and a horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF-CW), connected in series and being operated with nominal hydraulic loading rates of 12 and 9 mm day−1, respectively. Results evidenced nitrification (nitrite concentration increased up to three times) but not denitrification because nitrate concentration increased in the final effluent. The average removal efficiencies were 86.8%, 96.4%, and 57.0%, for COD, NH4+ and PO43−, respectively. On the other hand, the apical height, basal diameter, leaf length and width increased in relation to initial measurements (between 0.6–7.1%) in plants of both CWs, which demonstrated the ability of the plants to adapt to the operating conditions of the system. This promising performance observed when using Heliconia stricta Huber opens the need for further research and could be particularly interesting in CWs used in tropical areas.
Chromium Removal from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation: Optimization and Sludge Characterization
Authors: Genawi Nahid M. , Ibrahim Mohamed H. , El-Naas Muftah H. , Alshaik Awad E.
Published: May 2020

The treatment of tannery effluent is of great interest as it contains a complex mixture of pollutants, primarily chromium. The disposal of this wastewater can have adverse effects on the environment and aquatic life, which is an emerging problem for the environment. In this work, electrocoagulation is used to remove chromium from real tannery wastewater, focusing on performance optimization and sludge characterization. Electrocoagulation experiments were conducted using an electrochemical cell with iron electrodes immersed in a specific volume of tannery wastewater. Operating parameters, such as the initial chromium concentration, pH and current density as well as power consumption were evaluated to determine optimum chromium removal. The optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology combined with central composite design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the response, residual, probability, 3D surface and contour plots. The maximum chromium removal was 100% at the optimum values of 13 mA/cm2, 7 and 750 ppm for current density, pH and concentration, respectively.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Precipitation Frequency in Texas Using High-Resolution Radar Products
Authors: Ghebreyesus Dawit , Sharif Hatim O.
Published: May 2020

Understanding the frequency and intensity of precipitation is needed for many vital applications including water supply for agricultural, municipal, industrial, and power generation uses, design of hydraulic structures, and analysis and forecasting of hazards such as flood, drought, and landslide. This study examines, in detail, the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation frequency over the State of Texas and its trends from 2002 to 2019. The results indicate that Texas receives around 325 wet hours on average annually (3.7% of the time). The northern part of the Gulf Coast region witnesses the highest average precipitation frequency reaching 876 wet hours annually. The year 2015 was found to have the highest precipitation frequency across the state with an average frequency of 6% (525 wet hours) and 2011 was the driest, with an average frequency of 1.9% (170 wet hours). In terms of seasonality, the highest precipitation frequency was observed in the summer with a frequency of 4.1%. The areal average time-series of the precipitation frequency indicates that the 2011–2012 drought to be a change point. The Mann–Kendall trend analysis shows that 16.2% of the state experienced a significant positive trend in precipitation frequency including the dry western region and major cities. The results can provide useful information about storm characteristics and recent change and variability of precipitation at high spatial resolutions and can be used in a multitude of practical applications.
Impacts of Chosen Parameters on Fe-Dependent Nitrate Reduction in Anammox Consortia: Performance and Bioactivity
Authors: Bi Zhen , Huang Yong , Zhang Wenjing , Song Ge
Published: May 2020

Fe-dependent nitrate reduction by anammox consortia could serve as a valuable autotrophic denitrification process for wastewater treatment. However, influences of temperature, pH, and Fe/NO3-N ratio on this biochemical process have not been studied. The present study investigated individual and interactive effects of aforementioned parameters on nitrate removal performance and bioactivity of anammox consortia via a series of batch assays. Enzymes activity of nitrate reductase (NAR) and hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH) of anammox consortia had high consistency with nitrogen removal performance and significantly depended on temperature and Fe/NO3-N ratio, while the narG and hdh genes expression were drastically depressed by extreme temperature. Models developed by response surface methodology (RSM) showed the significance of individual parameter followed by Fe/NO3-N ratio > temperature > pH, while combined effects of temperature versus Fe/NO3-N ratio exerted the most significant impacts. The pH in range of 4.0–8.0 had less influence. The optimum condition for nitrate removal efficiency (NRE) > 90% and total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) > 75% was 4.0–7.4 for pH, 25.5–30.0 °C for temperature, and 31–48 for Fe/NO3-N molar ratio. The maximum NRE and TNRE could be 98.68% and 79.42%, respectively, under the condition of pH = 4.00, temperature = 28.5 °C and Fe/NO3-N ratio = 37.4. The models showed good dependability for simulation nitrogen removal performance by anammox in the real semiconductor wastewater.
The Effects of Limiting Restoration Treatments in a Shallow Urban Lake
Authors: Kowalczewska-Madura Katarzyna , Rosińska Joanna , Dondajewska-Pielka Renata , Gołdyn Ryszard , Kaczmarek Lech
Published: May 2020

Swarzędzkie Lake, directly polluted for many years with municipal wastewater and heavily loaded with nutrient compounds from the catchment area, has become degraded and strongly eutrophicated. Strong cyanobacterial blooms have contributed, among others, to the cessation of recreational use of this urban lake. Its sustainable restoration was started in autumn 2011. These treatments were a combination of three complementary methods: aeration with a pulverizing aerator, phosphorus inactivation with small doses of magnesium chloride and iron sulphate (<15 kg ha−1) and biomanipulation. These treatments were carried out for three years (2012–2014), and in the next two (2015–2016), treatments were limited from three to one method—aeration. The obtained effects (a decrease in the number of cyanobacteria in phytoplankton and at the same time an increase in its biodiversity, decrease in chlorophyll a concentration and improvement of transparency) were lost due to the cessation of phosphorus inactivation and biomanipulation. The biological balance was upset, which resulted in an increase in chlorophyll a concentration, the return of cyanobacteria dominance in the phytoplankton and a deterioration of water quality. Leaving only a pulverizing aerator active, to maintain low oxygen concentrations near the bottom zone was not sufficient to ensure a gradual improvement of water quality with quite a significant external load of nutrients.
Socio-Hydrological Modelling: The Influence of Reservoir Management and Societal Responses on Flood Impacts
Authors: Albertini Cinzia , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Totaro Vincenzo , Iacobellis Vito , Di Baldassarre Giuliano
Published: May 2020

Over the last few years, several socio-hydrological studies have investigated the risk dynamics generated by the complex interactions between floods and societies, with a focus on either changing reservoir operation rules or raising levees. In this study, we propose a new socio-hydrological model of human–flood interactions that represents both changes in the reservoir management strategies and updating of the levee system. Our model is applied to simulate three prototypes of floodplain management strategies to cope with flood risk: green systems, in which societies resettle outside the flood-prone area; technological systems, in which societies implement structural measures, such as levees; and green-to-techno systems, in which societies shift from green to technological approaches. Floodplain dynamics are explored simulating possible future scenarios in the city of Brisbane, Australia. Results show that flood risk is strongly influenced by changes in flood and drought memory of reservoir operators, while risk-awareness levels shape the urbanisation of floodplains. Furthermore, scenarios of more frequent and higher magnitude events prove to enhance social flood memory in green systems, while technological systems experience much higher losses. Interestingly, green-to-techno systems may also evolve toward green floodplain management systems in response to large losses and technical/economical unfeasibility of larger structural measures.
Using SCS-CN and Earth Observation for the Comparative Assessment of the Hydrological Effect of Gradual and Abrupt Spatiotemporal Land Cover Changes
Authors: Psomiadis Emmanouil , Soulis Konstantinos X. , Efthimiou Nikolaos
Published: May 2020

In this study a comparative assessment of the impacts of urbanization and of forest fires as well as their combined effect on runoff response is investigated using earth observation and the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) direct runoff estimation method in a Mediterranean peri-urban watershed in Attica, Greece. The study area underwent a significant population increase and a rapid increase of urban land uses, especially from the 1980s to the early 2000s. The urbanization process in the studied watershed caused a considerable increase of direct runoff response. A key observation of this study is that the impact of forest fires is much more prominent in rural watersheds than in urbanized watersheds. However, the increments of runoff response are important during the postfire conditions in all cases. Generally, runoff increments due to urbanization seem to be higher than runoff increments due to forest fires affecting the associated hydrological risks. It should also be considered that the effect of urbanization is lasting, and therefore, the possibility of an intense storm to take place is higher than in the case of forest fires that have an abrupt but temporal impact on runoff response. It should be noted though that the combined effect of urbanization and forest fires results in even higher runoff responses. The SCS-CN method, proved to be a valuable tool in this study, allowing the determination of the direct runoff response for each soil, land cover and land management complex in a simple but efficient way. The analysis of the evolution of the urbanization process and the runoff response in the studied watershed may provide a better insight for the design and implementation of flood risk management plans.
Insight on Extraction and Characterisation of Biopolymers as the Green Coagulants for Microalgae Harvesting
Authors: Ang Teik-Hun , Kiatkittipong Kunlanan , Kiatkittipong Worapon , Chua Siong-Chin , Lim Jun Wei , Show Pau-Loke , Bashir Mohammed J. K. , Ho Yeek-Chia
Published: May 2020

This review presents the extractions, characterisations, applications and economic analyses of natural coagulant in separating pollutants and microalgae from water medium, known as microalgae harvesting. The promising future of microalgae as a next-generation energy source is reviewed and the significant drawbacks of conventional microalgae harvesting using alum are evaluated. The performances of natural coagulant in microalgae harvesting are studied and proven to exceed the alum. In addition, the details of each processing stage in the extraction of natural coagulant (plant, microbial and animal) are comprehensively discussed with justifications. This information could contribute to future exploration of novel natural coagulants by providing description of optimised extraction steps for a number of natural coagulants. Besides, the characterisations of natural coagulants have garnered a great deal of attention, and the strategies to enhance the flocculating activity based on their characteristics are discussed. Several important characterisations have been tabulated in this review such as physical aspects, including surface morphology and surface charges; chemical aspects, including molecular weight, functional group and elemental properties; and thermal stability parameters including thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, various applications of natural coagulant in the industries other than microalgae harvesting are revealed. The cost analysis of natural coagulant application in mass harvesting of microalgae is allowed to evaluate its feasibility towards commercialisation in the industrial. Last, the potentially new natural coagulants, which are yet to be exploited and applied, are listed as the additional information for future study.
Alien Crayfish Species in the Deep Subalpine Lake Maggiore (NW-Italy), with a Focus on the Biometry and Habitat Preferences of the Spiny-Cheek Crayfish
Authors: Garzoli Laura , Mammola Stefano , Ciampittiello Marzia , Boggero Angela
Published: May 2020

Invasive alien species are a major threat to biodiversity. Thus, it is fundamental to implement control strategies at the early stages of invasions. In the framework of the Italian-Swiss Alien Invasive Species in Lake Maggiore cooperative programme, we performed an extensive study on the occurrence and ecology of alien crayfish, one of the most significant invaders of freshwater habitats. From April 2017 to July 2018, we inspected seventy-five sites along the coastline to verify crayfish occurrence. We recorded, for the first time, the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Additionally, we found few individuals and remains of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and confirmed the presence of a consistent population of the spinycheek crayfish Orconectes limosus. Given the high number of O. limosus’ individuals found, it was possible to perform in-depth biometric and ecological analyses for this abundant species only. We observed no significant differences of biometric measures between males and females of O. limosus. We explore its habitat preferences with a generalized linear model, detecting a significant relationship between mean annual temperatures and the presence of shelters of this species. These results, together, have direct implications for planning rapid management response actions on alien crayfish in large and deep lakes.
Using a PIV Measurement System to Study the Occurrence of Bursting in the Flow Over a Movable Scour Hole Downstream of a Groundsill
Authors: Chang Cheng-Kai , Lu Jau-Yau , Lu Shi-Yan , Hsiao Kuo-Ting , Shih Dong-Sin
Published: May 2020

Generally, hydraulic structures are installed along with rivers in Taiwan to prevent erosion. The groundsill is one of the most common structures to protect the underlying riverbed. However, the occurrence of bursting during the process of scouring can intensify the disturbance of sediment in the bed, sometimes even causing hydraulic structures to collapse. This paper aimed to study the mechanisms of bursting, the effects of bursting, and the scouring exceedance probability of sediment movement. To study this topic, a particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the hydraulic characteristics of a scour hole under different flow conditions. The results showed that, firstly, the bursting and the sediment entrainment rate increased with time at the beginning. Secondly, when bursting occurred at the beginning stage of scouring, the averaged velocity of main flow was reduced by about 30% and the thickness of the riverbed was deepened by about 20%. Moreover, when scouring time was 15 min, at the location of maximum scouring depth, all the experimental groups carried the proximity values of the scouring exceedance probability that stuck to a range from 35% to 53% at the bursting stage. Therefore, the scouring exceedance probability of the bursting of the maximum scouring depth can be further applied to designs and to protect the foundation of hydraulic structures.
Granulation of Drinking Water Treatment Residues: Recent Advances and Prospects
Authors: Ren Baiming , Zhao Yaqian , Ji Bin , Wei Ting , Shen Cheng
Published: May 2020

Beneficial reuse of drinking water treatment plant residues (WTRs) has been intensively studied worldwide in the last decades, but few engineering applications can be found. The majority of WTRs were directly reused in cake form (after dewatering), e.g., alum sludge cake as main substrate used in constructed wetlands (CWs), or oven dried and ground powdery form, e.g., sorbent for pollutant removal. However, WTRs reuse in such forms has several drawbacks, i.e., difficulty of recovering and easy clogging (in CWs), which result in limited WTRs engineering applications. Granulation or pelleting could widen and be a wiser WTRs reuse route and also seems to be a promising strategy to overcome the “application bottleneck” issues. In the literature, a number of trials of WTRs granulation have been reported since 2008, including sintering ceramsite, gel entrapment and newly emerged techniques. Hence, there is a need to overlook these studies and promote WTRs granulation for further development. To this end, this review firstly provides a piece of updated comprehensive information and critical analysis regarding WTRs granulation/pelleting technology. It aims to enhance WTRs granulation studies in the developing stage and thus enlarge WTRs engineering applications.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS KONSTRUKTIVISME YANG DILENGKAPI MIND MAP DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors:   STKIP Ahlusunnah Bukit Tinggi, Roza Melia , Sefrinal Sefrinal ,   STKIP Pesisir Selatan, Arif Muhammad ,   STKIP Pesisir Selatan
Published: May 2020

Learning resource is a material that can be utilized in support of teachers in the learning process, either directly or indirectly to improve the learning objectives. Learning resources that are usually used for teachers in the school including the Student Worksheet. The purpose of this peneltian is making mathematical constructivism-based learning device which features a mind folder on the material of the triangle and quadrilateral which is valid and practical. This research is research development by using the 4-D model of development which consists of define, design, develop, disseminate. In this phase, the needs analysis conducted define the analysis of curriculum, learner analysis, and analysis of materials-related problems in learning mathematics. On the design phase carried out the design of Constructivism-based student work sheet that comes mind folder on the triangular and quadrilateral meteri, then conducted a validation by experts. Phase test the practicalities do develop to a limited extent. The practicalities of data retrieved from sheet keterlaksanaan worksheet students, and practicalities of learners. On the research of this face disseminate is not done
Ultrafast Laser Writing Deep inside Silicon with THz-Repetition-Rate Trains of Pulses
Authors: Wang Andong , Das Amlan , Grojo David
Published: May 2020

Three-dimensional laser writing inside silicon remains today inaccessible with the shortest infrared light pulses unless complex schemes are used to circumvent screening propagation nonlinearities. Here, we explore a new approach irradiating silicon with trains of femtosecond laser pulses at repetition rates up to 5.6 THz that is order of magnitude higher than any source used for laser processing so far. This extremely high repetition rate is faster than laser energy dissipation from microvolume inside silicon, thus enabling unique capabilities for pulse-to-pulse accumulation of free carriers generated by nonlinear ionization, as well as progressive thermal bandgap closure before any diffusion process comes into play. By space-resolved measurements of energy delivery inside silicon, we evidence changes in the interplay between detrimental nonlinearities and accumulation-based effects. This leads to a net increase on the level of space-time energy localization. The improvement is also supported by experiments demonstrating high performance for 3D laser writing inside silicon. In comparison to repeated single pulses, irradiation with trains of only four-picosecond pulses with the same total energy leads to an apparent decrease of the energy threshold for modification and drastic improvements on the repeatability, uniformity, and symmetricity of the produced features. The unique benefits of THz bursts can provide a new route to meet the challenge of 3D inscription inside narrow bandgap materials.
Fire on the Mountain: Reinvigorating Legislative Measures to Quench the Flame of Illicit Drug Use in South Africa
Authors: Olofinbiyi Sogo Angel , Mtambo Thembelihle
Published: May 2020

South African societies have been characterized by the prolific incidence of illicit drug use in recent times.  The paper attempts to examine the legislations implemented on the use of illicit drugs in South Africa. The study adopts a review of the literature to identify and describe the most common illicit drugs used around South Africa communities, placing emphasis on the policies developed by the South African government in combating these situations. The research follows a critical   discussion on the issues associated with drug use, its causes, as well as its effects on humans and the environment. The study recommends relevant initiatives to combat all intricacies associated with drug use within the country. This approach will be appropriate in facilitating a clear-cut   understanding of the possible remedies to quench the burning flame of illicit drug use across a broad range of South African communities.
EVALUATION OF PROBLEM SOLVING AND AGGRESSION LEVELS AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN A UNIVERSITY
Authors: Kırağ Nükhet , Güver Yusuf
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to examine problem-solving levels and aggressive behaviors among nursing students studying at a nursing faculty in western Turkey. This cross-sectional study was carried out between February and March 2019. Students are stratified according to the class they are in, and sampling by school number is included with the simple random sampling method. While collecting research data, 314 students from stratified classes participated. 314 students from the first (n=111), second (n=84), third (n=61) and fourth (n=58) grades of the Nursing Faculty, who volunteered to participate, were included in the study sample. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI). Pearson correlation and regression analysis were performed on the continuous variables of this study. Results’ type-I error was accepted as 5%. Mean PSI scores were 132.96±15.52 (min: 90, max: 202). Nursing students obtained the following scores from the Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire subscales: 19.51±5.43 (min: 8, max: 37) for physical aggression, 24.50±5.17 (min: 12, max: 40) for hostility, 20.81±5.03 (min: 9, max: 56) for anger, and 14.46±3.04 (min: 6, max: 25) for verbal aggression. A significant relationship was found between the aggression questionnaire, and the PSI and its various subscales (p=0.000). A statistically significant relationship was found between problem-solving skills and aggressive behavior among nursing students; as problem-solving skills increase, aggressive behavior decreases.
PARTİKÜLER MADDE VE KARBONDİOKSİT İÇİN İÇ ORTAM HAVA KALİTESİ İNDEKSİ (İHKİ) HESAPLAMASI: OKUL ÖRNEĞİ / CALCULATION OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY INDEX (IAQI) FOR PARTICULATE MATTER AND CARBONDIOXIDE: A SCHOOL SAMPLE
Authors: Arıkan İnci , Tekin Ömer Faruk
Published: May 2020

Çocukların vakitlerinin büyük bir bölümünü geçirdikleri okul iç ortam havasından etkilenimleri ve sonuçları konusunda hassasiyet göstermemiz önemlidir. Bu çalışmada bazı okullarda iç ortam hava kalitesini değerlendirmek ve bununla ilgili projelerde kullanmak için İç Ortam Hava Kalitesi İndeksi (İHKİ) geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. 1-31 Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında Kütahya ilinde yer alan okullarda yapılan kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Kırsal ve kentsel bölgelerden seçilen okullarda, 5 bina ve 42 sınıf iç ortamında sıcaklık, nem, PM2.5 ve PM10 ve CO2 ölçümleri yapılmıştır. İHKİ; PM2.5, PM10 ve CO2 değerlerinin DSÖ kriterlerine bölünüp aritmetik ortalaması alınarak hesaplandı. Sıcaklık ve nem ölçümleri normal değerler arasında olduğundan hesaplamaya katılmadı. İHKİ yükseldikçe İHK kötü olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Ölçümsel verilerin değerlendirmesinde ortalama, ortanca ve standart sapma değerleri, ilişki için Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. İHKİ ortalaması 4,85 ± 1,63 idi. İHKİ kentsel bölgede yer alan okulda kırsal alana göre daha kötü saptandı (p=0,024). İHKİ ile sınıfların hacimleri (metreküpü) arasında korelasyon bulunamazken (r=0,156 - p=0,331), sınıf mevcudu arttıkça İHKİ’nin kötüleştiği (r=0,384 - p=0,013) saptandı. Çalışmamızda İHKİ değeri, kentsel bölgede ve mevcudu fazla olan sınıflarda daha yüksek olarak bulundu. Çalışmamızda iç ortam havasındaki PM ve CO2 değerleri kullanılarak İHKİ hesabı yapıldığından, farklı iç ortamlarda biyolojik ve kimyasal kirletici parametrelerin dahil edilerek hesaplama yapılmasının daha yararlı olacağı söylenebilir.
LEVEL OF HEALTH LITERACY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG RURAL AND URBAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SANLIURFA PROVINCE, TURKEY
Authors: Gökler Mehmet Enes , Mehmet Nimetcan , Mollahaliloğlu Salih
Published: May 2020

Low health literacy is a major source of poor health status among all age group. Aim of this study is to investigate level of health literacy and factors associated with it among children in the rural and urban secondary school in Sanliurfa province of Turkey. The cross –sectional study was carried out among children aged 12-15 years old in urban and rural areas in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) was used for data collection. In this study, general internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the HLS-EU-Q47; was found to be 0.916. Total 1,997 chidden participated from 18 schools in the study, 47.2% were females and 52.8% were males. The age of the participant’s ranged from 12 to 15 years. The mean (SD) of measured weight, height, and BMI of the students were 47.2 ± 10.7 kg, 154.4 ± 7.8 cm, and 19.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight were 6.5%, 13.8%, and 6.3% respectively. The prevalence of having daily breakfast, soft-drink, fruit, and tooth brushing frequency were 53.6%, 14.4%, 39.3%, and 38.5% respectively. Generally, the HL level was very low among the children in this study.
Condições higiênico-sanitárias em uma escola pública do município de Januária-MG antes e após o treinamento dos manipuladores de alimentos
Authors: Santos Joseane Moreira dos , Ferreira Luiz Carlos
Published: May 2020

O treinamento dos manipuladores de alimentos constitui um aspecto importante na promoção da segurança alimentar em estabelecimentos de preparo e manipulação de alimentos, evitando riscos à saúde dos consumidores. Os manipuladores de alimentos constituem um elemento primordial nos serviços de alimentação, sendo responsáveis por casos de contaminação dos alimentos, por isso e necessário orientar e treinar esses manipuladores sobre os cuidados necessários para a oferta de um alimento seguro do ponto de vista higiênico-sanitário. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficácia do treinamento de manipuladores de alimentos de uma cantina de escola pública do município de Januária-MG, visando à redução dos riscos à saúde para os consumidores. Inicialmente, foi utilizada uma lista de verificação (checklist) para avaliar as atuais condições higienicossanitárias da cantina da escola. Posteriormente, foi promovido um treinamento em boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos para os manipuladores de alimentos da cantina da escola avaliada. Por fim, foram avaliadas novamente as condições higienicossanitárias da cantina da escola com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência do treinamento realizado com os manipuladores. A qualidade da água de abastecimento da escola avaliada neste estudo também foi determinada. Após a primeira aplicação da lista de verificação antes do treinamento dos manipuladores, o estabelecimento avaliado apresentou um percentual de atendimento às Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) de 74,5%, sendo classificado como “regular”. Após o treinamento, o estabelecimento avaliado apresentou um percentual de atendimento às Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) de 81,8%, passando a ser classificado como “bom”. O treinamento promovido no estabelecimento avaliado possibilitou uma melhoria das condições higiênico-sanitárias, uma vez que, a classificação quanto ao atendimento às boas práticas variou de “regular” para “bom”. A água utilizada pelo estabelecimento pesquisado estava fora dos padrões de potabilidade determinados pela legislação brasileira.
Caracterização morfofisiológica de sementes de diferentes cultivares de soja armazenadas sob condições não controladas
Authors: Ruppin Nicolay Wolff , Terra Lorena Emanuelle da  Mata , Fernandes Thaíse Ohana Moura , Albuquerque Carlos Juliano Brant , Brandão Junior Delacyr da Silva
Published: May 2020

É de fundamental importância a utilização de sementes de qualidade para obtenção de uniformidade, plantas vigorosas e, por conseguinte boa produtividade. Estando a qualidade de sementes de soja, diretamente relacionada aos atributos físicos, genéticos, sanitários e fisiológicos, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar as características morfofisiológica e a qualidade de sementes de diferentes cultivares de soja armazenadas durante três meses sob condições não controladas. Foram avaliadas 24 cultivares de soja, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, quanto a classificação física e morfológica, quanto ao peso de 100 sementes, umidade, teste de peroxidase, germinação, vigor e massa seca da raiz e hipocótilo. Após o armazenamento sob condições não controladas a cultivar NS5959IPRO apresentou maior porcentagem de vigor e germinação (99%) e maior peso de massa seca de hipocótilo. Das 24 cultivares avaliadas, 14 se enquadram no limite mínimo de qualidade de sementes para comercialização mesmo sob condições de armazenamento não controladas quanto a temperatura e umidade do ar.
Técnica de seleção de variáveis em problemas de classificação de falhas aplicada em processo industrial usando o algoritmo genético MOEADD
Authors: Freire Leonardo Macedo , Gabriel Filho Luiz Carlos , Costa Luana Michelly Aparecida da , D'Angelo Marcos Flávio Silveira Vasconcelos , Inácio Maurílio José , Gonçalves Rosivaldo Antônio
Published: May 2020

Neste trabalho é proposto um  método de seleção de variáveis denominado MOEADD-KNN-M, que é baseado no algoritmo genético MOEADD (Evolutionary Many-Objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Dominance and Decomposition), no algoritmo de classificação KNN (K-nearest neighbors), e em operadores genéticos adaptados. A abordagem adotada no algoritmo proposto é bi-objetivo, onde um objetivo é minimizar a quantidade de variáveis da solução e outro objetivo é minimizar a taxa de erro de classificação de falhas. Foram realizados  experimentos com o método proposto empregando dados de um processo industrial petroquímico real, denominado Tennessee Eastman para classificação de falhas, e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outros algoritmos. Os resultados demonstraram que o método proposto leva a soluções com baixo erro de classificação e pouca quantidade de sensores, que são as quantidades procuradas para serem minimizadas. Sendo assim, essa abordagem se mostrou promissora para a aplicação na seleção de variáveis em problemas de classificação de falhas em processos industriais.
Análise sensorial de alimento
Authors: Paula Iasmine Queiroga de , Ferreira Eric Batista
Published: May 2020

A análise sensorial envolve a avaliação de atributos sensoriais de um produto através dos sentidos humanos. A formação de painéis eficientes é imprescindível para o controle de qualidade, sendo necessário executar etapas de seleção e treinamento. Na seleção, utilizam-se testes triangulares para averiguar a habilidade discriminativa dos candidatos, submetendo ao treinamento apenas aqueles com habilidades sensoriais aguçadas. Logo, deseja-se encontrar o melhor teste (em termos de menor taxa de erro tipo I e maior poder) para a seleção de provadores. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um estudo de estimadores intervalares para proporção, reescrevendo-os como testes para a seleção de provadores. Seis testes (baseados nas distribuições Normal e F, no teste Sequencial e aproximação da Poisson utilizando quantil χ2) foram comparados. Por meio de um estudo de simulação Monte Carlo foram gerados 1000 provadores virtuais submetidos a testes triangulares ao longo de 5, 10, 15, ..., 100 ensaios. Estabeleceu-se uma probabilidade de acerto constante desses provadores ao longo do tempo, fixada em 0,33, 0,35, 0,40, 0,45 ..., 1,00, avaliando o desempenho dos testes em diferentes números de ensaios (n) e proporção de acertos (p). Foi possível notar que o teste sequencial apresentou menor taxa de erro tipo I e maior poder, para um número pequeno de ensaios (n < 20), enquanto um teste baseado na Normal obteve esse comportamento para valor de n igual ou superior a 20 (n ≥ 20). Portanto, ambos os testes poderiam ser empregados na seleção de provadores, de acordo com o número de ensaios estipulado.
Órgãos subterrâneos de Espada de São Jorge são fontes promissoras de frutanos
Authors: Silveira Amanda Batista da , Soares Khályta Willy da Silva , Aguiar Jhenyfer Rodrigues , Abraão Cinara Ferreira , Moraes Moemy Gomes de
Published: May 2020

A Espada de São Jorge e uma planta amplamente cultivada como ornamental pertencente a família Asparagaceae. As espécies dessa família frequentemente apresentam rizomas como órgãos de armazenamento e os principais carboidratos não estruturais armazenados são os frutanos. Estes compostos são polímeros de frutose derivados de sacarose. Devido aos seus inúmeros benefícios, são de grande interesse a indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho quantificar os teores de carboidratos não estruturais e verificar a presença de frutanos em rizomas e raízes de Espada de São Jorge. Para isso, foram coletados na estação seca os órgãos subterrâneos de plantas cultivadas em um canteiro, mas que não são irrigadas. Foram avaliados o conteúdo de agua e o teor de carboidratos solúveis em ambos os órgãos. Os rizomas da espécie apresentaram maior conteúdo de agua e maior teor de carboidratos solúveis que as raízes. Por analises qualitativas dos carboidratos solúveis por cromatografia de troca aniônica de alto desempenho, verificou-se a presença de frutanos em ambos os órgãos, com perfil semelhante ao observado em extratos de bulbos de cebola. Concluímos que os órgãos subterrâneos de Espada de São Jorge armazenam frutanos com estruturas diversificadas que correspondem a neosserie da inulina e que, especialmente os rizomas da Espada de São Jorge são fonte promissora para a obtenção de frutanos.
Desempenho zootécnico e parâmetros somáticos de carpa comum alimentada com Azolla caroliniana
Authors: Rosa Guilherme Masteloto da , Camargo Antonio Cleber da Silva , Pretto Alexandra , Ferrigolo Fernanda Rodrigues Goulart , Kuroda Caroline Naomi , Stefanello Cristiano Miguel , Bender Ana Betine Beutinger
Published: May 2020

Macrófitas aquáticas como a Azolla caroliniana podem ser incluídas na dieta de peixes pois constituem fonte de nutrientes (proteínas, aminoácidos, minerais, lipídios, frações da parede celular e polifenóis) que podem atuar como suplemento alimentar. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar dois níveis de inclusão de A. caroliniana em dietas para carpa comum avaliando parâmetros de desempenho zootécnico e índices somáticos nos peixes. Foram utilizados 72 juvenis de carpa comum distribuídos aleatoriamente em 9 tanques-rede de 0,227 m3. Os juvenis foram alimentados durante cinco semanas com as dietas controle (sem inclusão de A. caroliniana) e dietas com inclusão de 5 ou 10% de A. caroliniana. Ao final deste período, o peso final, comprimento total final, fator de condição e conversão alimentar aparente dos juvenis não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Porém, o ganho médio diário (P=0,048), ganho em peso relativo (P=0,012) e taxa de crescimento específico (P=0,011) foram superiores nos tratamentos controle (26,2; 31,3 e 24,5%, respectivamente) e com inclusão de 5% de A. caroliniana (44,8; 49,5 e 37,7%, respectivamente) em relação àqueles alimentados com 10% de A. caroliniana na dieta. Em relação aos índices somáticos não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Assim, devido ao alto teor de fibra insolúvel presente nesta macrófita, recomenda-se que seja incluída em no máximo 5% da dieta de carpa comum para não prejudicar o desempenho animal.
Elaboração e análise sensorial de iogurte sabor sapoti (Manilkara zapota L.)
Authors: Luz Suelma Regina dos Santos , Alves Matheus Silva , Araújo Mizael Calácio , Jorge Marianna Basso , Sousa Naylanne Lima de , Coimbra Lívia Muritiba Pereira de Lima
Published: May 2020

A busca por alimentos saudáveis e nutritivos tem estimulado o setor de laticínios a desenvolver diferentes sabores de iogurtes, para atender as demandas de consumo da população. Adicionar polpa ou pedaços de frutas regionais é uma das estratégias utilizadas pela indústria alimentícia, com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver iogurtes sabor sapoti e avaliar sua aceitabilidade e intenção de compra. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas duas formulações de iogurte, com leite integral (F1) e leite desnatado (F2). As formulações, foram então, submetidas a análises microbiológicas para investigar presença de coliformes totais, fecais e microrganismos patogênicos, além de análise sensorial e intenção de compra, ambas através de Escala Hedônica. Foi calculado o Índice de Aceitabilidade para o atributo qualidade global. Na análise estatística os resultados foram submetidos ao teste “t” de Student (p<0,05) à nível máximo de significância de 5%. As formulações apresentaram condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas. Na avaliação sensorial foram consideradas bem aceitas (≥70%) no índice de aceitabilidade, sendo que as amostras se diferiram estatisticamente (p< 0,05) em todos os atributos avaliados (aroma, cor, sabor, textura e qualidade global),porém, a F1 obteve médias maiores em relação a F2. Desta forma, concluiu-se que as duas formulações de iogurte utilizando sapoti, obteviveram avaliações favoráveis por parte dos provadores, representando ótimas alternativas de consumo e aproveitamento do fruto.
Curative-intent surgery for pancreatic tumors: a review of 3,386 procedures from the Brazilian National Health System
Authors: O. Lessa Marco Antonio , Haaland Benjamin , De Lima Lopes Gilberto , Vieira dos Santos Lucas
Published: May 2020

Publicado no Journal of Global Oncology. Volume 3, Issue 1, February 2017. Com o mesmo título. Autores: Lucas Vieira dos Santos, Marco Antonio O. Lessa, João Paulo S. N. Lima, Benjamin Haaland, Gilberto de Lima Lopes.
O uso do jogo “cartas na mesa” na discussão de fim de vida e alívio de sofrimento
Authors: Alencar Manuele , Rodrigues Correia Gilmara , Cintra Aline
Published: May 2020

O Cuidado Paliativo é uma abordagem centrada no paciente/família, acometidos por situação clínica que ameaça a vida. Objetiva aprimorar a qualidade de vida destes indivíduos, por meio de ótimo controle de dor e outros sintomas, incorporando os cuidados psicossocial e espiritual, levando em consideração seus valores, crenças e cultura. Esta abordagem busca prevenir e aliviar o sofrimento envolvido no enfrentamento de doenças ameaçadoras da vida e deve ser proposta ao seu diagnóstico. O Cuidado Paliativo assume, contudo, o maior foco do cuidado quando as possibilidades de cura e controle de doença já não são mais possíveis, adequadas ou desejadas.
Rabdomiossarcoma embrionário uterino em paciente adulta jovem: um relato de caso
Authors: Galvão Barros Daniela , Silva Barbosa Michelle , Andrade Góes Quixada Carneiro Marta , Barros Pinheiro Aline
Published: May 2020

O rabdomiossarcoma (RMS) é um tumor de provável origem embrionária mesenquimal, derivado de células progenitoras do músculo esquelético, com patogênese ainda indeterminada.1 É uma neoplasia muito prevalente na pediatria, correspondendo até 50% dos sarcomas e chegando ao terceiro tumor sólido mais comum nesta população. Trata-se, no entanto, de tumor raro entre adultos, correspondendo a menos de 4% de todos os sarcomas.
Mobilidade pós-cirurgia cardíaca: o que pode influenciar?
Authors: Lago Rosier Gabriela , Glícia Gama Lordello Gleide , Alcântara Viana Patrícia
Published: May 2020

Artigo Original: Mobility after Heart Surgery: What are Influential Factors? Autores: Gabriela Lago Rosier; Gleide Glícia Lordello; Marcela Araújo de Moura; Larissa Santana Correia; Luana Laís Silva Polte; Luiz Fernando Moreira; Luís Cláudio Correia; Patrícia Alcântara Viana. Publicado na revista Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 6 (2018) 429-435.
Carcinoma de células de Merkel: relato de caso e revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Souza Fraga Jéssica , Pinto Johnson Luís Fernando , Menezes Freire André Ney , Bouzas de Andrade André , Delgado Bocanegra Ronald Enrique , Sávio Melo Costa Vitor
Published: May 2020

O carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM) é um tumor neuroendócrino maligno raro, agressivo, com tendência à recidiva precoce e metástases à distância. As células de Merkel são mecanorreceptores localizados na camada basal da epiderme, conectadas a terminais nervosos e bainha radicular de grandes folículos pilosos. Embora seja 40 vezes menos frequente que o melanoma, é considerado o câncer de pele mais letal. Dados epidemiológicos sugerem incidência de aproximadamente 2.500 novos casos por ano na União Europeia. Destes, 1.000 evoluem a óbito pela doença no período.
On the Identification of Noise Covariances and Adaptive Kalman Filtering: A New Look at a 50 Year-old Problem
Authors: Zhang Lingyi , Sidoti David , Bienkowski Adam , Pattipati Krishna , Bar-Shalom Yaakov , Kleinman David
Published: May 2020

The Kalman filter requires knowledge of the noise statistics; however, the noise covariances are generally unknown. Although this problem has a long history, reliable algorithms for their estimation are scant, and necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability of the covariances are in dispute. We address both of these issues in this paper. We first present the necessary and sufficient condition for unknown noise covariance estimation; these conditions are related to the rank of a matrix involving the auto and cross-covariances of a weighted sum of innovations, where the weights are the coefficients of the minimal polynomial of the closed-loop system transition matrix of a stable, but not necessarily optimal, Kalman filter. We present an optimization criterion and a novel six-step approach based on a successive approximation, coupled with a gradient algorithm with adaptive step sizes, to estimate the steady-state Kalman filter gain, the unknown noise covariance matrices, as well as the state prediction (and updated) error covariance matrix. Our approach enforces the structural assumptions on unknown noise covariances and ensures symmetry and positive definiteness of the estimated covariance matrices. We provide several approaches to estimate the unknown measurement noise covariance R via post-fit residuals, an approach not yet exploited in the literature. The validation of the proposed method on five different test cases from the literature demonstrates that the proposed method significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. It also offers a number of novel machine learning motivated approaches, such as sequential (one sample at a time) and mini-batch-based methods, to speed up the computations.
Beyond Reflection: Refraction and International Experiential Education
Authors: Pagano Monica , Roselle Laura
Published: May 2020

Students today are becoming more interested in international opportunities for study and are drawn to alternative programs such as international service-learning and international internships. These programs, however, must be carefully designed. This article proposes utilizing tools that go beyond the traditional understanding of reflection, in order to deepen the academic linkages to experience through reflection that leads to refraction. The authors introduce “refraction” as the transformative learning process that helps students understand and identify the intermediate processes of learning that aid the development of critical thinking skills. Refraction centers learning by integrating and elaborating the experience, the academic subject matter, and the context by examining assumptions and biases.
Predictors of Preference for the Exported Campus Model of Study Abroad
Authors: Goldstein Susan B.
Published: May 2020

There is considerable debate in the study abroad community about the efficacy of exported campus or “island” programs in which students and faculty are transported from their home campus to a largely self-contained community within the host culture. One uninvestigated aspect of this issue is the degree to which there are pre-existing differences between students who prefer such programs and those attracted to more immersive experiences. This study used discriminant analysis of data from a questionnaire administered to 174 undergraduates to identify demographic, personality, and intercultural predictors of preference for the exported campus model.  Results showed that those who preferred the exported campus model scored significantly higher on ethnocentrism and lower on measures of language learning interest, motivational and metacognitive cultural intelligence, and the Five Factor Model adventurousness facet.  Discussion focuses on implications for advising potential study abroad students, conducting pre-departure training, and developing in-country programming.
The Effects of Studying Abroad and Studying Sustainability on Students’ Global Perspectives
Authors: Tarrant Michael A. , Rubin Donald , Stoner Lee
Published: May 2020

Study abroad has shifted from a marginal opportunity to a core strategy of U.S. colleges and universities, considered integral in the mission to globalize the academic environment. Our study explores the effect of studying abroad and studying about sustainability on students’ global perspectives. A total of 291 university students participated in a pretest/posttest design. Results suggest that study abroad can promote cognitive, intrapersonal, and social developmental global perspectives among college students beyond that achieved via on-campus courses. Sustainability course content did not affect global perspectives, however. Findings warrant the conclusion that even short-term study abroad experiences can meet the globalisation goals of institutions of higher education.