bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSEMBLY COUPLING TECHNOLOGY OF MICROLENS ARRAY AND OPTICAL FIBER BUNDLE
Authors: Feng Hongrun , Liu Zihao , Meng Rong , Zhao Zhilong
Published: August 2024

Continuous improvements in high-resolution infrared remote sensing imaging technology have led to important applications in various fields; however, the low filling rate of optical fiber and degradation of the focal ratio of the image end remain problems that restrict further development. The coupling technology of the microlens array and optical fiber bundle assembly is the key to solving these problems. In this work, we studied the coupling technology of microlens array and optical fiber bundle assembly. Specifically, six degrees-of-freedom coupling assembly and infrared radiation energy measurement subsystems were built, and based on this a high-precision mechanical alignment coupling efficiency measurement system was designed. After kinematic analysis, it was found that the maximum positioning error was within the allowable error range, making the system suitable for the requirements of precision assembly. Finally, the alignment coupling efficiency of the system was tested, and the results showed that the coupling efficiency reached 92.65%, which was only 6.01% lower than the assumed theoretical value and affirmed the feasibility of the system design for improving the performance of optical fiber image transmission systems.
Coupled filtration–consolidation model for vacuum-preloaded soft ground
Authors: ZHANG HAO , CUI YU-JUN , SUN HONG-LEI , CAI YUAN-QIANG
Published: August 2024

The widespread utilisation of vacuum-assisted prefabricated vertical drains for managing clayey soft ground has led to the development of numerous consolidation models. However, these models have limitations when describing the filtration behaviour of soil under conditions of high water content, without the formation of a particle network. To address this issue effectively, in this work, based on the compressional rheology theory, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model incorporating the compressive yield stress Py(ϕ) and a hindered setting factor r(ϕ) was developed to couple the filtration and consolidation of soil under vacuum preloading. A novel approach for determining the unified ϕ–Py–r relationships was introduced. The equation governing such fluid/solid and solid/solid interactions was solved using the alternative direction implicit method, and the numerical solutions were validated against the one-dimensional filtration cases, three-dimensional laboratory model tests and large-scale field trials. Further parametric analysis suggests that the radius of the representative unit and r(ϕ) exclusively affect the dewatering rate of the clayey slurry, while the gel point and Py(ϕ) influence both the dewatering rate and the final deformation.
Physiological reactions of some entomopathogenic nematodes to long-term storage
Authors: Susurluk Alper , Bütüner Alperen Kaan
Published: August 2024

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are commonly used for pest control. Determining the optimal storage duration for EPNs is crucial for their effective utilization. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy and reproductive capacities of some EPNs stored for different durations. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH Hybrid Strain, HBNL, and HB4 isolates, as well as Steinernema feltiae Weiser, 1955 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) SADIÇ and ST5 isolates, were used in the study. The Infective Juveniles (IJs) stored at 4ºC for 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were assessed for their efficacy and reproductive capacities on last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at the end of the periods. This study was conducted at Bursa Uludağ University, Plant Protection Department, Nematology Laboratory. The highest mortality rate observed on G. mellonella larvae was 86.67% on the H. bacteriophora HBH Hybrid Strain stored for 6 months. Similarly, the highest reproductive capacity was determined to be 153 000 IJs/G. mellonella larva, also on the H. bacteriophora HBH Hybrid Strain stored for 6 months. This study showed significant results in determining the effects of storage durations on the efficacy and reproductive capacity of the EPNs.
Third Conference on the International Roles of the U.S. Dollar
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Goldberg Linda S. , Londono Juan M. , Ravazzolo Fabiola
Published: August 2024

On May 20 and 21, 2024, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York jointly hosted the Third Annual International Roles of the U.S. Dollar Conference. The conference brought together researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to understand how changes in the global economic and financial landscape may affect the central role of the dollar.
La garantía de la doble conformidad en la jurispurdencia de la Corte Constitucional y de la Corte Suprema de Justicia colombianas
Authors: González Jaramillo Jose Luis , Pérez Pelaez Sebastian
Published: August 2024

El proceso penal colombiano no contemplaba mecanismos procesales para garantizar la doble conformidad, entendida como la posibilidad de impugnar toda condena, sin embargo, la Corte Constitucional, a partir de la Sentencia C-792 de 2014, puso de presente la necesidad de analizar el derecho a la impugnación, en el entendido de que los recursos extraordinarios no posibilitan su efectividad. En tal sentido, las altas cortes ponen de presente la necesidad de regular un recurso integral y, como respuesta, el legislador promovió el Acto Legislativo 1 de 2018, con el cual fijó las condiciones competenciales de la garantía a la doble instancia y, de paso, a la doble conformidad. No obstante, el legislador todavía no ha proyectado ninguna regulación del recurso que garantice el derecho a la impugnación, por lo que la Corte Suprema de Justicia se ha encargado de la adjudicación del derecho y la reglamentación de los mecanismos.
Aportes de la neurociencia al proceso penal colombiano desde el punto de vista de la dimensión jurídico-política de la sostenibilidad
Authors: Rodríguez Sarmiento Juan Pablo , Ramírez Robles Heimy Yuliana , Garavito Silva Héctor David , Ramos Rodríguez Cristóbal
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo de reflexión pretende establecer los aportes de la neurociencia al proceso penal colombiano con el fin de lograr un proceso sostenible y a la vanguardia de la ciencia y la tecnología, garantizando el respeto de los derechos humanos de los procesados y sin que en el futuro se vean comprometidos. Para lograrlo, se realizó un estudio de la sostenibilidad en su dimensión jurídico-política, se hizo un análisis normativo y jurisprudencial de la prueba pericial, seguidamente se identificó el concepto de técnicas de neuroimagen y se mencionaron dos de ellas, a continuación, se señalaron los antecedentes internacionales en tres países donde se ha hecho uso de la neurociencia en los procesos penales y, para finalizar, se enunció la forma como los procesados pueden someterse a tales pruebas sin que se vean afectados sus derechos fundamentales, realizando propuestas para su práctica que ayudarán a modernizar el sistema probatorio penal.
Is McLuhan Still Relevant For Information and Communication Sciences? Some Reflections on the Topic
Authors: George Michael
Published: August 2024

Marshall McLuhan (1911 − 1980) was a Canadian philosopher known primarily for his work in Media Theory. Famous for such phrases as “the media is the message” and later “the media is the massage” his background was in the history of the verbal arts, the trivium (traditionally consisting of grammar, rhetoric, and logic, although in his post-humous work Laws of Media, they are listed as grammar, rhetoric, and dialectics, probably reflecting how his thought on electronic communication technologies had changed his thinking). My basic contention is that McLuhan recognized the significance of historical patterns in language and communication and used this understanding as a means of interpreting the significance of the onset of electronic media. Among his many ideas that continue to be relevant was his recognition of how media shape the user albeit in ways that escape the awareness of said user. I suggest that McLuhan’s questions and historical sensibility are still pertinent and topical for those attempting to understand communication, information, and their social and psychic affects. In presenting his famous tetrad of questions, consciously modelling his work after the much earlier work of Francis Bacon and Giambattista Vico and intending to move to a “New Science”, he intended his questions to be readily applied by anyone to any technology in any situation, as follows: 1) What is enhanced or intensified?; 2) What is rendered obsolete or displaced?; 3) What is retrieved that was previously obsolesced?; and 4) What is produced or does it become when it is pressed to an extreme?. I believe that McLuhan’s work and questions still provide useful ways of beginning to understand the nature of consciousness and the significance of self-awareness as we attempt to work out who we are, what we do, and what it means.
Panel rasprava: Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti u sedam pitanja – razgovor s prof. emer. Jadrankom Lasić-Lazić
Authors: Lasić-Lazić Jadranka , Špiranec Sonja , Kos Denis
Published: August 2024

U intervjuu s prof. emer. dr. sc. Jadrankom Lasić-Lazić, sveučilišnom nastavnicom i znanstvenicom iz područja informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti, analizirat ćemo ključne uvide, goruća pitanja i izazove temeljem njenog dugogodišnjeg djelovanja u ovom znanstvenom polju. Na početku intervjua, profesorica će izložiti povijesni kontekst i ishodišta informacijskih znanosti u Hrvatskoj, s posebnim naglaskom na vlastitu ulogu u etabliranju i razvoju ovog interdisciplinarnog područja. Raspravit ćemo o teorijskoj fragmentiranosti informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti te mogućnostima teorijske i metodološke zrelosti područja. Osvrnut ćemo se i na recentne promjene klasifikacije znanstvenih polja i područja koje su rezultirale razdvajanjem informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti. Profesorica Lasić-Lazić će detaljno analizirati inicijalne motivacije za združivanje ovih područja, ključne argumente za očuvanje njihove integriranosti te iznijeti svoja predviđanja o posljedicama ovih promjena. Jedna od centralnih tema bit će i temeljni sukob paradigmi unutar informacijskih znanosti, sukladno tvrdnji autora poput Birgera Hjørlanda (2018), koji navodi da je ovo područje razapeto između interesa računalnih znanosti i interesa knjižnične i informacijske znanosti. Profesorica će tu raspravu analizirati u kontekstu oblikovanja studijskih programa u Hrvatskoj koji integriraju ove dvije perspektive te razmotriti budućnost područja u smislu mogućnosti pomirenja ovih interesa. Zaključno, profesorica će istaknuti pozitivne primjere prepoznavanja značaja informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti u društveno-političkom kontekstu te komentirati ključne zadaće informacijskih stručnjaka i znanstvenika koje su nužne za prepoznavanje i ostvarenje punog potencijala ovog područja s posebnim osvrtom na ulogu doktorskih programa u području informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti. Ovaj intervju pružit će detaljan znanstveni uvid u izazove i mogućnosti informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti kroz perspektivu jedne od najistaknutijih stručnjakinja u ovom polju.
Türkiye’de ortaöğretim kurumlarındaki öğrencilerin ikinci yabancı dil Fransızca öğrenimlerini etkileyen faktörler: Odak Grup Görüşmesi
Authors: Arslan Nahide
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de ortaöğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin ikinci yabancı dil Fransızca öğrenimlerini etkileyen unsurları belirlemek ve belirlenen sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı resmi bir ortaöğretim kurumundaki Türk ve yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin ikinci yabancı dil Fransızcaya ilişkin deneyimleri ve görüşleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanan bu çalışma odak grup görüşme tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiş, katılımcıların belirlenmesi için amaçlı örneklem yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2022-2023 eğitim ve öğretim yılında bir Anadolu lisesinde öğrenim gören 10’u Türk, 7’si yabancı uyruklu öğrenci olmak üzere 17 katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracının geçerliliğini sağlamak için konuya ilişkin alanyazın taraması yapılmış ve uzman kişilerin görüşleri alınmıştır. Uzmanların görüşleri alındıktan sonra gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmış ve forma son şekli verilmiştir. Çalışmada, Türk ve yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin soruları içtenlikle ve kendilerini baskı altında hissetmeden cevaplayabilmeleri için iki ayrı odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda ikinci yabancı dil Fransızca öğrenimini olumlu etkileyen unsurlar; öğrenci davranışları, ders işlenişi, öğretmen davranışları, çevresel etkiler ve eğitim sistemine ilişkin unsurlar olarak belirlenmiştir. İkinci yabancı dil Fransızca öğrenimini olumsuz etkileyen unsurlar ise eğitim sistemi, ders işlenişi, öğretmen davranışları, öğrenci davranışları ve çevresel etkiler olarak kaydedilmiştir. Öğrencilerin çoğunlukla eğitim sistemine ve öğretmenlerin dil öğretiminde uyguladığı yöntemlere ilişkin önerilerde bulundukları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, Fransızca öğretiminin en temel bileşenlerinden biri olan fonetik becerisinin öğretim programlarında ayrı bir ders olarak verilmesi ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan ders kitaplarında fonetik bölümlerinin bulunması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The activity of glutathione reductase under impaired liver function and regulation by the Krebs cycle intermediates of the catalytic action of the enzyme isolated by chromatographic methods
Authors: Agarkov Alexander A. , Popov Sergey S. , Popova Tatyana N.
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the activity of glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the blood serum of patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and in the blood serum and livers of rats with experimental toxic hepatitis (ETH), as well as to develop a scheme for the purification of the enzyme from the liver of experimental animals using chromatographic methods. In the experiment, we used the blood serum of apparently healthy individuals with normal indices of general and biochemical blood tests (control group of patients), people diagnosed with alcoholic hepatitis (AH), as well as the serum and livers of rats in the control group and rats with ETG. The pathological state in experimental animals was modelled by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride, an organ-specific toxin with hepatotropic effect, as a 33% solution in paraffin oil at the rate of 64 µl of toxin per 100 g of animal weight. The animals were slaughtered on the 4th day after administration of the toxic agent. The control animals were injected with the corresponding aliquot of paraffin oil. The activity of GR was determined spectrophotometrically using a spectrophotometer SF-46 at a wavelength of 340 nm. The total amount of protein was determined by the Lowry method. To study the regulatory properties of the enzyme, it was purified from the livers of the control rats and those with induced toxic hepatitis using the protein separation by ammonium sulphate, as well as gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. As a result, we obtained 54.5 and 49.1 times purified GR enzyme preparations from the livers of the control rats and animals with ETG. We determined that in the process of ion-exchange chromatography using a column with DEAE-cellulose, the enzyme from the livers of the studied groups of animals was desorbed as a single peak at a KCl concentration of 100 mM. Using the obtained enzyme preparations, we detected differences in the regulation of GR activity under the action of Krebs cycle intermediates. They are obviously associated with conformational modifications of the enzyme molecules under oxidative stress developing during pathology.
Study of bromelain and carboxymethyl cellulose surface interaction features in the process of their adsorption immobilisation
Authors: Lavlinskaya Maria S. , Sorokin Andrey V. , Goncharova Svetlana S. , Kondratiev Maxim S. , Mikhaylova Anastasia A. , Kuznetsov Egor I. , Balbekov Nikita A. , Holyavka Marina G. , Artyukhov Valeriy G.
Published: August 2024

Adsorption immobilisation is a common approach to stabilise the catalytic activity of enzymes. It involves the attachment of their macromolecules to the surface of a carrier due to weak physical interactions and hydrogen bonds. According to modern concepts, this process is the ‘gentlest’ immobilisation technique in terms of the structure of the enzyme globule. Despite this fact, the activity of the immobilised preparation is often lower compared to the native enzyme. To understand the reasons, it is necessary to study the specific features of interactions within the enzyme-carrier system and to identify the types of interactions occurring between its components. When studying the structure of enzymes, it is critical to determine the nature and qualitative composition of amino acid residues on the surface of the enzyme macromolecule that interact with the carrier. If catalytically important residues are involved in the process, there may be a significant decrease in the enzyme activity. In this regard, the aim of the work was to study the features of interaction between bromelain, which is a cysteine protease, and carboxymethyl cellulose by desorption of the enzyme from the formed complex under different conditions (in the presence of ammonium sulphate or surfactant Triton X-100, including at different temperatures), as well as by flexible molecular docking. The studied substances are promising components for the production of biocatalysts for food or biomedical applications, so the study of their interaction features will expand the applications of bromelain. We determined that incubation of bromelain immobilised on carboxymethyl cellulose in solutions of ammonium sulphate with a concentration of 32 mM or higher and Triton X-100 with a concentration of 100 mM or higher resulted in the destruction of the complex and the desorption of the enzyme. It confirms that non-covalent interactions contribute to the formation of immobilised preparation. When we increased the incubation temperature of the complex above 60 °C, we also observed the release of the enzyme from the preparation, indicating the formation of hydrogen bonds between the enzyme and the carrier. In silico study confirmed the formation of these types of bonds and interactions. It was determined that the amino acid residues forming the active site of bromelain also formed bonds with the carrier.
The Risk of the Global Economy’s Fragmentation Is Growing
Authors: Portanskiy Alexey
Published: August 2024

The article examines the reasons for the fragmentation of the world economy and global trade at the beginning of the21st century. The author explores two aspects of this fragmentation. The first relates to the weakening of the World TradeOrganization (WTO) and its rule-making function, which has intensified regionalization, as manifested in the emergence ofmega trade agreements. Further progress of the latter, while the WTO remains relatively weak, may contribute to the futurefragmentation of world trade, from which small developing countries will primarily lose. The second aspect is largely due tothe consequences of the financial crisis of 2008–09, which resulted in the desire of key players to create more autonomousnational economies and ensure economic security to avoid excessive costs in the event of future crises. This gave rise to talkabout strengthening deglobalization trends. The second aspect also includes the U.S. – China trade war with technologicaldecoupling between them, the influence of geopolitical factors on trade, and the impact of industrial policies of large stateson trade. The final part of the article provides a brief analysis of the negative impact of fragmentation on the global economyand trade. The author concludes that geo-economic fragmentation poses a real threat to the global economy.
The Theory and Practice of Intergovernmental Consultations:The Case of Germany
Authors: Trunov Philipp
Published: August 2024

Rather important goal for international relations is to improve methods for studying of interstate dialogue. The author paysattention to the format of intergovernmental consultations. The goal of article is to explore the functioning of the format onthe example of Germany, which uses this one in the dialogue with 12 other states. The problems of the functioning of theformat are still not in the details explored in Russian political science. Usually, the format is established by one power forthe cooperation with another power or the very important ally among small and medium-sized states. The frequency of themeetings is established for each format. Compliance with frequency or violation of it, especially interruption of the work arethe indicators of the dialogue development. One meeting in the format lasts only one day and it determines the scheme ofthe negotiations. The countries should focus on the most perspective and, on the contrary, the most problematic tracks of theagenda of bilateral relations, even if these negotiation priorities differ from the conceptual guidelines for each state. The keyvariants of the end of the meeting in the format are presented.The article explores the geography and chronology of establishment of the formats with German participation. Beforethe XXI century there was the long period of time between the launch of every two new formats. In the early – mid 2010s andearly 2020s there were the waves of newly established formats. The author stresses the absence of the ones between Germanyand the Arabian states, Iran, the African ones and explains the reasons. The difficulty for Germany was also the creationof formats with the Anglo-Saxon states. Another problem has become since the mid 2010-s the “freezing” of some formats(with Russia), the long interruption of their functioning (with Brazil, Italy, Poland, Turkey), the violation of frequency (withFrance, Netherlands, Spain). The article shows the reasons of such situations in each case. At the same time there has beenstable functioning of the mechanisms with India and China, even when the confrontation between the PRC and the USA hasbegun. The author concludes that in the 2010s Germany has tried to make the system of the formats of intergovernmentalconsultations global. But by the beginning of the 2020s these efforts were unsuccessful and there was the degradation of the process.
Regulation of Digital Platforms in Russia
Authors: Shelepov Andrey , Kolmar Olga
Published: August 2024

Given the active formation and development of digital platforms in Russia, discussion of possible approaches has intensifiedand legislative changes have been initiated aimed at improving regulation in platform markets. The Ministry of EconomicDevelopment and Bank of Russia have published the Concept of Regulating Digital Platforms and Ecosystems and the report“Ecosystems: Approaches to Regulation,” respectively. The competition legislation has been supplemented, primarily withinthe framework of the Fifth Antimonopoly Package, along with regulations aimed at protecting consumer rights on digitalplatforms. The Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation (FAS Russia) and representatives of business participatedin developing tools for digital platforms’ self-regulation.The purpose of this article is to analyze approaches to regulation of digital platforms in Russia and to identify difficultiesin its development and opportunities for improvement. The study is based on the analysis of legislation and law enforcementpractice, scientific articles, and analytical reports. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors make conclusionsregarding possible future directions for regulatory developments and proposals for deepening international cooperation.The approach to protecting consumer rights on digital platforms in Russia combines the extension of previously existingnorms to the platform economy with the addition of some new norms relating to aggregators of information about goodsand services. Antimonopoly regulation follows the same approach, while, as part of the Fifth Antimonopoly Package, ruleshave been introduced aimed at eliminating illegal practices of dominant platforms and ecosystems.Based on the results of the analysis, the authors forecast further regulatory developments, which may relate to a widerange of aspects, from the unification of terminology and the introduction of new criteria for classifying platforms as dominantto the appointment of platforms’ contact points for communication with authorities and consumers and interdepartmentalcoordination. The authors recommend using the regulatory experience accumulated by both western jurisdictions andpartner countries, taking measures to promote Russian approaches at the international level, and intensifying cooperationon the regulation of digital platforms in multilateral formats, primarily in the BRICS group (including Brazil, Russia, India,China, South Africa, and others).
India. Developing Regulation of Technological Platformsfor Digital Economy Growth
Authors: Larionova Marina , Shelepov Andrey
Published: August 2024

India’s government set the goal to grow the country’s digital economy to $1 trillion by 2025–26. Dynamic growth of digitalmarkets is one of the government’s priorities for attaining this goal. Digital platforms are important drivers of growth. Simultaneously,big tech’s non-competitive practices create risks of economic and moral damage for consumers and distort competitionin the markets. India’s authorities shape regulation of the digital markets in two main directions: consumer protectionand prevention digital platform behaviours which might impair competition. To protect consumers, the government hasamended the consumer protection rules and expanded their application to digital enterprises. India adopted the ConsumerProtection Act (2019), the Consumer Protection in E-Commerce Rules (2020), and the Digital Personal Data ProtectionAct (2023). To ensure contestability, fairness, and transparency in digital markets, in 2023 the Competition (Amendment)Act was approved by Parliament, placing digital markets within the legal framework of competition. The Committee on theDigital Competition Law developed a draft Digital Competition Bill (2024) which aims to regulate systemically significantdigital enterprises through an ex ante approach.The article reviews the government of the Republic of India’s policy on digital platform regulation, exploring themain instruments and difficulties in shaping the new system and determining a regulatory approach. The study draws on asurvey of the regulatory bills and rules, reports, bill drafts, experts’ assessments, and research articles. The authors focuson the amendments to the consumer and competition protection laws adopted in recent years. The article concludes withthe authors’ views regarding the adoption of the Digital Competition Bill and perspectives on India’s interest in deepeninginternational cooperation on digital markets regulation, including in the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, SouthAfrica, and others) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
Digital Platforms Regulation Framework in South Africa
Authors: Ignatov Aleksandr
Published: August 2024

South Africa represents an actively developing digital services market that ranks among first in Africa. The local marketattracts major international companies that endangers local suppliers threaten with prospects of loosing competitive marketpower and overall monopolization of the segment. Loose of competitive power by local suppliers threatens the country’s datasovereignty and users data safety. Digital platform services suppliers’ regulation issues are among the most demanded researchtopics that is especially important for the BRICS bringing together digital growth leaders from the countries of globalmajority.The article presents results of South Africa’s digital platform services regulation framework analysis. The paper reliesupon the author’s personal attempt to examine the country’s existing regulatory framework as well as upon reports presentedby competent international expert groups and the national regulator. The analysis indicates existence of systemic constrainsreferring to institutional arrangements within the digital platform services provision regulatory framework along with imperfectionof the local legislation. The author claims that South Africa’s experience in promotion of the local businesses might beof interest for the competent governmental bodies of Russia. For South Africa deepening of cooperation within the BRICS isone of the top priorities as its realization would provide firm ground for implementation of the country’s development goals.
Kinetic Modeling of Mass Loss during Carbonization of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Aerogels
Authors: Norrlaili Shapiee
Published: August 2024

The carbonization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aerogels involves complex thermal decomposition processes leading to the formation of carbonaceous residues. Understanding the kinetics of mass loss during carbonization is vital for optimizing the production of CMC carbon aerogels with desired properties. In this study, a mathematical model is presented that describes the kinetics of mass loss during the carbonization process of CMC aerogels. This model considers the temperature and concentration dependence of CMC decomposition reactions and is validated against experimental data obtained at various conditions. The proposed kinetic model elucidates the underlying mechanisms governing mass loss during carbonization, offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of CMC carbon aerogels across diverse applications. Furthermore, the analysis of the experimental data reveals variations in both the reaction order and the rate constant for different concentrations of CMC aerogels, indicating distinct kinetic behavior. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the carbonization process and pave the way for tailored synthesis approaches to meet specific application requirements.
Sanat ve Teknoloji Kesişiminde Holografi
Authors: Gülpınar Şevin
Published: August 2024

Başlangıçta bilimsel bir çerçevede değerlendirilen holografi zamanla sanatsal alanda da kabul görmüştür. Holografiyi uzay, zaman, hareket ve ışık gibi temaları keşfetmek için kullanan sanatçılar sayesinde sanat eserlerindeki görsel derinlik katmanı arttırılmıştır. Bu kullanım, sanat eserlerine üç boyutlu bir etki kazandırarak, izleyicilere daha dinamik ve etkileşimli bir deneyim sunmaktadır. Holografik sanat, bu sayede hem estetik hem de kavramsal olarak zenginleşmekte, sanatın ve teknolojinin kesiştiği noktada ortaya yeni ifade biçimleri ve anlatım olanakları çıkarmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, hala gelişmekte olan bir alan olarak holografinin, sanat pratikleri ve teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında iki ve üç boyut arasındaki sınırları ortadan kaldırma biçimlerinin araştırılması amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen araştırmada verileri elde etmek üzere holografinin bir sanat formu olarak çıkış̧ noktası olan 1960’lı yıllardan günümüze kadar süregelmiş̧ önemli çalışmalar hem sanat hem de teknoloji çerçevesinde geniş̧ bir literatür taraması ve doküman incelemesi yapılarak incelenmiş̧; ulusal ve uluslararası tezler, kitaplar, makaleler ve internet kaynakları araştırma referansları olarak kullanılmıştır.
Mitochondrial Antigen Presentation (MitAP) to 2CZ CD8+ T cell hybridoma v1
Authors: Kazanova Alexandra
Published: August 2024

This protocol details the Mitochondrial Antigen Presentation (MitAP) to 2CZ CD8+ T cell hybridoma. Previously, quantification of the number of IL-2 producing 2cz hybridoma cells in an ELISPOT assay was used as a readout for MitAP (Matheoud et al., 2016). Here, we adapted the assay for the detection of activation-induced markers (AIM) on 2cz cells with flow cytometry.
Trabzon, Sera Gölü Tabiat Parkı kuş türleri
Authors: Çelikçi Beste , Sarı Alptuğ
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışmada, Trabzon ili Sera Gölü Tabiat Parkı’nda (SGTP) gözlenen kuş türleri mevsimsel statüleriyle birlikte tespit edilmiş ve 2022-2023 yılları arasında toplam 53 arazi gözlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam 12 aylık sürede tamamlanan bu çalışmada genel olarak doğrudan gözlem ve dolaylı gözlem (kuşlara ait yuva, yumurta, tüy, kusmuk, telek gibi tür belirleyici özellikler) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İlkbahar (mart-nisan-mayıs) ve sonbahar (eylül-ekim-kasım) göç dönemlerinde daha yoğun olmakla birlikte, çalışma süresi boyunca her ay en az 2 gözlem yapılmıştır. Böylece, yılın hangi ayında ve hangi türün araştırma alanına uğradığı ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda 47 aileye ait 158 kuş türünün alanda görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Çalışma süresince araştırma alanında yıl boyu görülen yerli tür sayısı 50’dir. SGTP, kuşlar açısından önemli yaşam alanı çeşitliliğine sahiptir. Ancak, çeşitli etkilerle bu yaşam alanlarının bozulması, mevcut kuş çeşitliliğini azalttığı gibi araştırma alanında doğal yaşamı tehdit eden en önemli etkendir. Çalışma sırasında kuş türlerini ve yaşam alanlarını tehdit eden başlıca unsurların sulak alanların tahribi, başıboş köpek ve kediler, rekreasyonel kullanım, evcil hayvanlar, plansız balıkçılık faaliyetleri, otlatma ve genellikle düzensiz gelişen şehirleşme olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Determination of Some Antioxidant Activity Values in Wines of Vitis vinifera L. Karalahna, Karasakız and Çavuş Grape Varieties Produced in Bozcaada
Authors: Güngör Ertuğral Tuğba , Türker Gülen
Published: August 2024

Vinifera linné subsp., whose traditional names are Karalahna, Çavuş and Karasakız, in Çanakkale Bozcaada region, which has witnessed different cultures and periods for centuries due to its strategic location. It is known that wines made from grapes belonging to vinifera species have been consumed by local people for years. Wine is a traditional fermented beverage rich in phenolic substances and antioxidant properties, where product is kept in red wine with its skins, especially during maceration stage, due to production process. Phenolic content and antioxidant properties vary depending on grape variety, and these properties are important for human health. In this study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (red wine), çavuş (white wine) and karasakız (red wine) wines produced from karalahna, karasakız (kuntra) and çavuş grapes of the 2020-2021 harvest period were examined. DPPH• free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic substance (Folin-Ciocalteu), Fe+3 reducing power, total flavonoid, anthocyanin, condensed tannin properties were examined.
Lepton Flavor Violation of Tau Decays into Lepton-Gamma in the Minimal Supersymmetric Type-I Seesaw Model
Authors: Hajahmad Vael , Alawadı Rawad
Published: August 2024

Experiments have shown that the violation of the lepton flavor so far is only in the neutrino sector (neutrino oscillation). Therefore, we predict it to happen in the charged lepton sector. We present a study of the lepton flavor violation (LFV) of Tau decays in two channels. Tau into muon-gamma and Tau into electron-gamma. The prediction is performed in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model extended by Seesaw Type-I Model (MSSM-Seesaw Model). The predicted calculations of the branching ratio of the two channels are of the order of ~ 10-8 - 10-9, which is in coincidence of the sensitivity of the future colliders.
The efficacy and safety of dopamine versus norepinephrine in management of paediatric septic shock
Authors: Chaurasiya Dharmendra , Chhabra Kawalpreet , Sethi Anuj S. , Chaurasiya Omshankar
Published: August 2024

Background: Septic shock is one of most common cause of death in pediatric patients. The optimum septic shock vasopressor support strategy is currently debated. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) as the initial vasopressor in pediatric septic shock patients.
Methods: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was carried out between January 2022 to January 2023 in a pediatric intensive care unit comparing DA with NE as the initial vasopressor in fluid-resuscitated 100 pediatric patients with septic shock. Normalization of blood pressure was taken as end point. If the maximum dose of the initial vasopressor was unable to attain the hemodynamic goal, then another vasopressor agent was added. Patients were monitored for response and side effect.
Results: DA had a mortality of 50% as compared to 40% in NE. Arrhythmias occurred in 27.5% cases in DA group and 8.33% cases in NE group. There was a significantly greater incidence of sinus tachycardia with DA (12.5%) than NE (5%).
Conclusions: NE showed better efficacy than DA in pediatric patients with septic shock with lesser event of arrhythmias.
Unveiling referral's impact on asphyxiated newborns: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajput Shivangi V. , Bhagyalaxmi A.
Published: August 2024

Background: Birth asphyxia also known as perinatal asphyxia, refers to the lack of oxygen during the childbirth. The asphyxiated newborns require a comprehensive care and many special newborns care units have established in Gujarat for the sick newborns. This study mainly focuses on understanding the reasons for referral, the average travel time to tertiary care institutions, and identifying gaps to minimize unnecessary referrals among patients.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, and out-born asphyxiated newborns were selected based on the inclusion criteria. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was later analyzed using Microsoft excel and statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26.
Results: Out of the 131 newborns, 31% had moderate-severe asphyxia. Approximately 9% of the patients had to travel for more than 2hours to reach the final health facility. Among the patients, risk of mortality was significantly higher among the those who were referred from the private health facility. Lack of availability of bed, ventilator and economic burden were among the common reason for referral.
Conclusions: There is a necessity to prevent unnecessary multiple and delayed referrals, and to provide essential care during transport to improve the outcomes.
A study of knowledge, attitude and behavior of patients towards their illness and their relation to sociodemographic factors
Authors: Muley Arti , Mitra Sona , Ramnani Juhi , Patel Priyal , Viramgama Kuldeep
Published: August 2024

Background: This study was conducted to assess basic knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients to their illness and find its correlation with various socio-demographic factors.
Method: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based analytical study. All patients over 18 years of age who attended the OPD or were admitted to the medical ward and who agreed to participate in the study were included. A questionnaire regarding the demographic characteristics of the study participants as well as the patient’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding their disease was administered regularly by experienced physicians dealing with OPD and IPD both type of patients.
Results: Out of total 100, only 38% patients came for regular follow up and only 57% brought old records. 36% were not taking medications regularly for various reasons (trying alternative medicine (22.2%), advice from others (11.1%), found medicines ineffective and stopped without reconsulting (8.3%), fear of adverse effects (8.3%), couldn’t afford (8.3%), worsening of symptoms (5.6%) etc. 19.4% had no reasons. 67% patients got medicines prescribed from a qualified clinician while other sources were pharmacist (9%), relatives/friends (5%) and self-medication (6%). Significantly more females, educated and employed were aware about their medical condition and medications. Significantly more educated and employed brought old records and came for regular follow up (p-0.0187), Significantly more educated seeked qualified doctor’s advice as compared to uneducated. (p=0.0002).
Conclusion: There is a need to educate patients about the importance of medication awareness, adherence, regular follow up, disadvantages of unscientific and unreliable information to improve compliance to treatment.
Auto-defense of skin and melanin regulation through glutathione reductase modulation: a new insight
Authors: Vadivel Aruna , Venkata Amruthavalli Gatla , Rajagopal Gayathri
Published: August 2024

Background: The present study is to understand the Siddha cosmetic preparation - Eve fresh skinbrite cream/herbal extracts used in the cream in down-regulating the melanogenesis process and upregulating glutathione activity to offer skin lightening benefit.
Methods: The effect of certain herbal extracts or the combination in reducing tyrosinase activity and associated melanin formation was evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells and also up regulating glutathione reductase activity leading to the conversion of a reduced form of glutathione (GSH) from GSSG.
Results: The extract of Berberis aristata exhibited even activity in inhibiting both tyrosinase and melanin in B16F10 melanoma cell lines. The extract combination also showed a greater effect on increasing GR activity.
Conclusions: The herbal ingredients individually and as a combination exhibited strong effects in reducing tyrosinase activity and also upregulating GR activity and thereby reducing skin pigmentation.
Outcome of posterior lamellar replacement with oral mucous membrane graft in lid margin sequalae of Steven Johnson syndrome
Authors: Kadir Syeed Mehbub Ul , Afzal Farzana , Sultana Sadia , Rashid Riffat , Afrin Farhana
Published: August 2024

: to address common lid margin sequalae presented in steven Johnson syndrome and to assess the outcome of posterior lamellar replacement with oral mucous membrane graft.

: This single center longitudinal study was conducted in Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital. 56 diagnosed cases of Steven Johnson syndrome with lid margin sequalae during the period of July 2020 to June 2023 were included in the study. Patients with ocular cicatrizing pemphigoid and chemical burn were excluded from the study. Demographic profile, presenting lid margin sequalae, outcome of surgery and complication after intervention and its management were properly evaluated and recorded.

: A total of 98 eyelids (upper and lower) in 56 patients were evaluated. The Mean age was 38.33 ± 15.22 years (range 6 – 70 years). 21 patients were male and 35 were female (male: female=1:1.66). 14 patients had unilateral defect and 42 patients have bilateral defect. Most common lid margin sequalae was lid margin keratinization (85.71%), distichiasis (62.5%), trichiasis (21.42%) and entropion (8.92%). All lid margin defect were successfully corrected by posterior lamellar replacement with oral mucous membrane graft. During 6 months post-operative follow up, significant symptomatic relief from epiphora, foreign body sensation, pain and photophobia were achieved in all patients. There was remarkable reduction of conjunctival inflammation (88.63%) and persistent corneal epithelial defect (71.42%). Mean visual acuity was significantly improved. Common complications of the surgery were misdirected lashes (7.14%), dislodgement of graft (2.04%%), and recurrent entropion (2.04%). All complication was successfully managed through appropriate second procedure.

Posterior lamellar resection with an oral mucous membrane graft for modifying lid margin defects in Steven-Johnson syndrome shows promising results.
Appraisal of skeletal maturity indicators with respect to non-invasive biomarkers
Authors: Kumar Snigdha , P. Singh Gyan , K. Singh Gulshan , Shastri Dipti , K. Saxena Shailendra
Published: August 2024

Non-invasive salivary biomarkers are being investigated as they may be helpful in predicting skeletal age. This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between salivary insulin-like growth factor-1, salivary alkaline phosphatase, cervical vertebrae maturation stages and chronological age in the assessment of skeletal age during the growth period. This study also aims to find associations with mandibular base length and maxillary base length.

Total 80 eligible subjects aged 7 to 21 years were selected and divided into two gender-specific groups (41 males, 39 females). A further subdivision was made on the basis of six cervical vertebral maturation stages from the lateral cephalogram. The chronological age was given for each subject, and The maxillary base length and the length of the mandibular base was calculated from the impressions on the lateral cephalogram. Saliva samples were collected from each subject to determine salivary IGF-1 and ALP levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data obtained was statistically analysed using SPSS (20.0) software.

It was found that the mean IGF-1 activity in saliva was highest at CVMI stage 3 and the highest mean ALP levels in saliva occurred in males at CVMI stage 3 and in females at CVMI stage 4.

Mean salivary ALP and IGF-1 levels correlate well with . Salivary ALP levels show a correlation with chronological age and could also be used as a diagnostic model to predict cervical stage.

The diagnostic levels of certain biomarkers that appear in human saliva are representative of an individual's circumpubertal growth spurt. The collective pattern of increase and decrease in the sample during the circumpubertal stages is essential to study for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Assessing the AI Acumen: A study on the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental students towards artificial intelligence
Authors: Bhanotia Deeksha , Alam Shaikh Tarannum , Trehan Mridula , Rai Divyaroop , Rai Anuroop
Published: August 2024

The influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be seen in every nook and corner of life. It has become an essential part of human life. Its influence in medical field is also noticeable but in certain aspects utilization of AI in dentistry has not been up to a great extent. This questionnaire-based survey was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental students about AI.

A self-administered closed ended questionnaire consisting of 36 questions was distributed among 3100 interns and post graduate students studying in different parts of Rajasthan. The questionnaire consisted of demographic details of respondents as well as fundamental KAP towards AI.

Response rate was 90.32%. The results showed that about 56.75% of respondents had poor knowledge of AI and its application in dentistry. Although their attitude towards AI was fair (48.75%) but their practical experience of using AI was poor (57.89%). There was a significant difference between the KAP of postgraduates when compared to interns (p value < 0.05). Pearsons’s correlation test showed that there was no correlation between knowledge and attitude or knowledge with behaviour as well as attitude and behaviour.

There is a lack of awareness about the use of AI in dentistry among dental students. So, there is a need for implementation of practical courses to improve the knowledge as well as practice of AI in dentistry.