bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Как физическое воспитание в школах приносит пользу учащимся. На примере школ Соединенных Штатов Америки
Authors: Евтропкова Д.С.
Published: March 2022

В данной статье целью нашего исследования, является изучение влияния двигательной активности на уроках физической культуры в школах, как на работу организма в целом учащегося, так и на его здоровье. На примере школ Соединенных Штатов Америки.
Технологии модульного обучения в гуманитарном колледже
Authors: Крепс Т.В.
Published: March 2022

С инновационным характером изменения содержания образования меняются требования к уровню профессиональных и общих компетенций специалистов. В статье рассмотрены модульный подход в системе профессионального образования, реализация модульной технологии обучения с целью создания гибких образовательных структур, как по содержанию, так и по организации обучения. Рассмотрена взаимосвязь различных форм обучения при модульной организации учебного процесса.
Духовно-нравственное воспитание первоклассников при формировании классного коллектива
Authors: Лазарева С.С.
Published: March 2022

Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам нахождения эффективных форм и методов организации воспитания первоклассников, способствующих формированию духовно-нравственному воспитанию младших школьников. На современном этапе развития образования в Российской Федерации наблюдается значительный рост исследований, посвящённых проблемам отношений младших школьников в коллективе, нахождение необходимых условий и форм, создание системы нравственных ценностей и развитие их характера.
Развитие инклюзивного образования: историко-теоретический аспект
Authors: Огольцова Е.Г.
Published: March 2022

Изучение историко-теоретических основ возникновения и развития инклюзивного образования имеет большую актуальность, обусловленную необходимостью совершенствования сложившейся системы образования, разработки методов и форм обучения, распространения знаний среди обучающихся. Цель данной работы – раскрыть историко-теоретические основы развития инклюзивного образования, сформулировать предпосылки возникновения и развития новой образовательной системы.
Модель формирования профессионально-значимых качеств у студентов вузов спортивного профиля
Authors: Серебренникова Н.А.
Published: March 2022

Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что проблема формирования профессиональнозначимых качеств у студентов вузов спортивного профиля является значимой проблемой, от решения которой зависят качество и результаты подготовки выпускников. В статье представлен опыт решения проблемы и предлагается описание модели, направленной на формирования профессионально-значимых качеств у обучающихся.
The distance training of students in graphic subject using step-by-step operation card
Authors: Michurova N.N. , Miroshin D.G. , Michurov N.S.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the organization and implementation of student's distance training to perform graphic tasks in the framework of the academic discipline «Engineering graphics». To ensure the graphic skills formation, we offer cards of step-by-step operations, which describe and illustrate step-by-step the algorithm of the student's activity in performing a typical task.
Исследование и разработка архитектуры информационной системы контроля и управления доступом в здание и помещения предприятия с использованием биометрии
Authors: Журавлев А.С.
Published: March 2022

Данное исследование касается тематики процессов разработки архитектуры информационных систем контроля и управления доступом с использованием биометрии. Цель статьи – исследование и разработка архитектуры информационной системы контроля и управления доступом в здание и помещения предприятия с использованием биометрии. Выбор биометрической методики основан на основе анализа набора возможных критериев и характеристик. Система обеспечивает конфиденциальность информации благодаря использованию соответствующих криптографических средств и безопасных сетевых протоколов. В работе получены структурные схемы системы, структура защищенной базы данных, схемы работы защищенных протоколов взаимодействия подсистем.
Понятие «цивилизация»: эволюция и многообразие подходов
Authors: Тиховодова А.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье обобщен опыт философского осмысления понятия «цивилизация», выделены отличия в его толковании представителями различных философских направлений. Показана эволюция данного понятия в различные исторические эпохи. Рассмотрены всемирноисторическое, историко-стадиальное и локально-историческое толкования цивилизации.
Supporting the Intersections of Life and Work: Retaining and Motivating Academic Librarians Throughout Their Careers
Authors: Birrell Lori , Strong Marcy A.
Published: March 2022

Objective – This study uses the Kaleidoscope Career Model (Mainiero & Sullivan 2006a) to determine key sources of motivation for library professionals during their careers and identifies strategies for how library administrators can better retain and inspire their staff.
Methods – The authors adapted the Kaleidoscope Career Model survey tool with permission from Mainiero and Sullivan. The authors used Qualtrics to send out the adapted survey and in October 2019 emailed a call for participation with the survey link to six library electronic mailing lists. A total of 433 participants completed the survey. The authors reviewed the demographic data and charts Qualtrics generated and used an open-coding method to analyze the qualitative responses to open-ended questions included in the survey. First, they read through those responses, identified common words, phrases, and ideas, which became initial codes. Then the authors reviewed the codes and determined themes common in the data. Each author coded and analyzed each question. Those themes then informed the discussion and recommendations shared in this article.
Results – Nearly 60% of respondents identified as being in the Authenticity phase, 15% in the Challenge phase, and 18% in the Balance phase. When asked if they felt supported, those in the Authenticity phase reported the highest overall level of satisfaction, with those in the 47–52 years old cohort experiencing peak feelings of support. The study found that all early career practitioners seemed interested in continuing in a supervisory role. Those older participants in the Balance phase were less interested than those in the other two phases in continuing to supervise. Those in the Authenticity phase identified most strongly with being organizational leaders. By contrast, older participants in the Balance phase did not identify strongly as leaders. Those in the Challenge phase showed strong interest in being leaders at an early age and that interest increased among older cohorts. 
Conclusion – This study is the first to analyze sources of motivation for academic librarians during the stages of their careers. When working with librarians who identify with the Authenticity phase, administrators should work with their employees to develop career goals that are extrinsically based, such as what can be achieved through good work rather than striving for a dream position. Librarians in the Balance phase would benefit from early opportunities to develop leadership roles or serve in supervisory roles. These early opportunities better fit with their efforts to prioritize family later in life. Librarians in the Challenge phase are intrinsically motivated to achieve and strive. They may experience disappointment as newer career librarians continue to advance and as they begin to plateau later in life. Leaders must consider the kinds of changes their organization can withstand as they strive to best support and foster the growth and development of all of their employees.
Federal Library Utilization of LibGuides to Disseminate COVID-19 Information
Authors: Clarke Sarah C. , Shohfi Emily E. , Han Sharon
Published: March 2022

Objective – In winter 2019-2020, the world saw the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than a year later, the pandemic continues with the U.S. death toll surpassing 550,000. Over the last decade, librarians have increased their roles in infectious disease outbreak response. However, no existing literature exists on use of the widely-used library content management platform, LibGuides, to respond to infectious disease outbreaks. This research explores how Federal Libraries use LibGuides to distribute COVID-19 information throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods – Survey questions were created and peer-reviewed by colleagues. Survey questions first screened for participant eligibility and collected broad demographic information to assist in identifying duplicate responses from individual libraries, then examined the creation, curation, and maintenance of COVID-19 LibGuides. The survey was hosted in Max.gov, a Federal Government data collection and analysis tool. Invitations to participate in the survey were sent via email to colleagues and listservs and posted to personal social media accounts. The survey was made publicly available for three weeks. Collected data were exported into Excel to clean, quantify, and visualize results. Long form answers were manually reviewed and tagged thematically.
Results – Of the 78 eligible respondents, 42% (n = 33) reported that their library uses LibGuides to disseminate COVID-19 information; 45% of these respondents said they spent 10+ hours creating their COVID-19 LibGuide, and 60% of respondents spent <1 hour a week on maintenance and updates. Most LibGuides were created in early spring 2020 as the U.S. first saw an uptick in COVID-19 cases. For marketing purposes, respondents reported using web/internal announcements (75%) and email (50%) most frequently. All respondents reported inclusion of U.S. Government resources in their COVID-19 LibGuides, and a majority also included guidelines, international websites, and databases to inform their user communities.
Conclusion – Some Federal Libraries use LibGuides as a tool to share critical information, including as a tool for emergency response. Results show libraries tend to start from scratch and share the same resources, duplicating efforts. To improve efficiency in LibGuide curation and use of library staff time, one solution to consider is the creation of a LibGuides template that any Federal Library can use to quickly set up and adapt an emergency response LibGuide specifically for their users. Additionally, findings show that libraries are uncertain of archiving and preservation plans for their guides post-pandemic, suggesting a need for recommended best practices.
Relationship of Clinical and Ultrasonographic Grading of Varicocele with Semen Analysis Profile and Testicular Volume
Authors: Foroughi Amin Abolhasani , Dallaki Manoochehr , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Ariafar Ali
Published: March 2022

Background: Varicoceles are a major cause of infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the clinical and ultrasonographic grades of varicocele with the semen analysis profile and testicular volume among men undergoing scrotal ultrasonography.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved 109 males undergoing scrotal ultrasonography for various indications in Shiraz, Iran, between January 2019 and January 2020. Varicoceles were graded with color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) by an expert radiologist (Sarteschi's criteria) before an experienced urologist determined the clinical grade (Dubin and Amelar criteria) and requested further investigations. Next, the demographics, reasons for referral, testicular volumes, and semen analysis profiles across the different clinical/ultrasonographic grades were compared. Key statistical measures included Cohen's kappa coefficient, the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 21 with p-values <0.05 indicating statistical significance.
Results: Ultrasonographic grades 1 and 2 provided the highest correlation with subclinical cases, while ultrasonographic grades 3, 4, and 5 corresponded with clinical grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Further comparisons were made between subclinical and clinical cases, which were similar in terms of reason for referral, total testicular volume, testicular volume differential, and semen analysis profile. Notably, total testicular volumes below 30 ml were associated with oligoasthenoteratospermia.
Conclusion: The present study showed a relatively high correlation between varicocele grading based on clinical evaluation and CDU. However, the grades were similar in testicular volume parameters and semen analysis indices. Hence, decision-making should be guided by the infertility history, testicular atrophy, and abnormal semen analysis.
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal RHD Status Using Cell-free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Pourfathollah Ali Akbar , Rabiee Maryam , Amirizadeh Naser
Published: March 2022

Background: The main cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is the incompatibility of the RHD antigen between mother and fetus. Following the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping also became possible, which will help in the better management of immunized RHD negative mothers and in the targeted prenatal injection of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIG). The objective of this study was to establish a reliable method with high accuracy to determine the fetal RHD genotype.
Methods: The project was a prospective observational cohort study. After cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extraction from maternal plasma, fetal RHD genotyping was performed by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and exons 5, 7, and 10 of the RHD gene were examined. SRY and RASSF1A genes were used as internal controls to confirm the presence of cffDNA in maternal plasma.
Results: Out of 40 samples, 33 were RhD positive heterozygous mothers and 7 cases were RHD negative. In three cases where both the fetal RHD and SRY genotypes were negative, RASSF1A was amplified in cell-free DNA sample treated with the BstUI enzyme, and the presence of cffDNA was confirmed.
Conclusion: The findings reveal that the strategy used in this study is reliable and it is possible to determine the fetal RHD status with high accuracy. The strategy can help targeted injection of RhIG and prevent unnecessary injection in RhD negative mothers who carry an RhD negative fetus.
A Pattern for Assessing the Health System Governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Latifi jaliseh Salimeh , Safari palangi Hossein
Published: March 2022

Background: Governance in the health system is not just a vision, or a model for delivering services, but a key element in planning, implementing and evaluating activities to improve health. The main purpose of this study was to design a pattern for assessing Iran's Health System Governance.
Methods: The present study was descriptive in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of application, and qualitative in terms of data type, which was conducted based on thematic analysis and deductive-inductive approach. 14 health system experts were selected through non-random-purposive sampling. To calculate reliability, test-retest reliability and coder reliability were used, which were 70 and 87 %, respectively. Also, Waltz and Basel method was used to assess the content validity of the extracted indices which was 85 %.
Results: After 6 stages of thematic analysis, 137 basic themes, 15 organizing themes and 5 comprehensive themes (health system accountability, health system participation, health system policy formulation, health system service provision, health system efficiency and quality) were obtained, and finally, a model for assessing the governance of the health system in the Islamic Republic of Iran was designed. Organizational accountability included 7 themes, ethical accountability, 9, and legal accountability included 6 .Financial accountability included 8 basic themes, and efficiency and quality, 10 basic themes. Implementation included 8 themes, comprehensiveness, 4, reporting, 12, and transparency, 6. Structural policy included 23 themes, social inclusion and justice policy, 6, and fiscal policy included 11 basic themes. Medical services included 4 themes, financial services, 7, human services and human rights, 9, and information and technology services included 7 basic themes. In this pattern, participation and policy formulation were considered input, and accountability, efficiency and quality and service delivery were considered output.
Conclusion: Lack of a clear definition for an appropriate interdepartmental cooperation, Lack of meritocracy, having a guild oriented attitude, conflict of interests, not using a policymaking approach based on a collective evidence and wisdom are among the shortcomings of the current health system governance. In addition, healthcare costs imposed on people are too high.
The Institution of Human Rights: A Philosophical View
Authors:   Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Administrative Law and Procedure of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), LL.D., Professor, Chief Research Scientist of the Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Nechevin Dmitriy K. , Kirdyashova Elena V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: March 2022

The article is dedicated to the review of the grounds for the institution of human rights from the standpoint of various philosophical positions. In the authors’ opinion, the diversity of the existing approaches to the institution hides, inter alia, the problems related to its understanding and implementation both in a separate state and on the global level.
The Status of the Legal Regulation of the Administrative Liability of Officials
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Kisin Valeriy R. , Malakhov Sergey A. ,   Junior Scientific Assistant of the Department of Administrative Law of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: March 2022

The content of the subinstitution of administrative responsibility of officials is investigated, its characteristics are determined. As a result of the analysis of the relationship of its constituent legal norms, contradictions (collisions) are revealed between the legal provisions contained in article 2.4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which determine the general grounds and conditions for administrative responsibility of these entities and the norms of a number of articles of the Special Part of the Code. The analysis of the latter reveals legal uncertainty in establishing the factual grounds for the considered type of administrative responsibility.
Reproduction of Labor Resources and the Migration Policy
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Analytical Expert of the Right to Homeland Demography and Migration Project of the Migrant Organizations Forum Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vorobyeva Olga D. , Topilin Anatoliy V. ,   Chief Research Scientist of the Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khrolenko Tatyana S. ,   Junior Research Scientist of the Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Social Media Manager of the Migrant Organizations Forum, Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

Purpose: to prove the necessity of changing the direction of the Russian Federation migration policy towards repatriation and to substantiate the contribution of the new migration policy to the labor resources replacement. Methods: the materials prepared by experts of the IPM «Forum Pereselencheskih Organizacii» («Right to Homeland» project (President of the Russian Federation grant for the development of civil society provided by the Presidential Grants Fund No. 20-2-002592 dated 06 July 2020). Findings: substantiated the necessity of restructuring the migration policy towards repatriation; analyzed the potential effect of the migration policy, built in accordance with the principle of humanity, on the participation of the migrant population in the Russian Federation labor force. Conclusions: The Russian Federation, being at the second stage of depopulation, is forced to take effective measures: taking into account the need to cope with negative socio-economic and demographic trends, Russia should implement measures to attract migrants, especially Russians living abroad, and to ensure their settlement in historical homeland.
Digital Migration of Individuals: Legal Issues of International Taxation
Authors:   Department of Taxes and Tax Administration Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Disciplines of the Higher School of State Audit (Faculty) of the Lomonosov MSU, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Ryabova Elena V.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: to assess the existing prospects for e-tax residence on the basis of the revealed significant characteristics of existing approaches to e-individual residence in foreign countries and international tax consequences. Methods: an analysis of the legal regime for e-residents in Estonia from the standpoint of taxing digital business in this country by Russian tax residents, an analysis of the legal regime for digital “nomads” introduced by countries with a comfortable climate, as well as an analysis of a draft introducing e-tax residence regime in Ukraine. The paper is based on the comparative study and the extrapolation of the findings got from the analysis of the draft law in Ukraine to the Russian reality. Findings: the analysis of e-residency regimes for individuals in foreign countries showed the existence of two main approaches to their design: (1) e-residency, not based on physical presence and loss of tax residency in one’s own country, with the right to conduct digital business through a company — tax resident (Estonian experience), and (2) tax residency for digital “nomads” for the purpose of physical presence in a country with comfortable climatic environment and remote work in their countries, accompanied by the potential loss of tax residency in the country of labor or business. Conclusion: In connection with the digitalization, the legislator in foreign countries provides interesting ideas regarding the digital or physical attraction of migrants to their countries. Several countries have announced the launch of e-tax residency programs. However, in the context of traditional international taxation related to personal income such programs will show ineffectiveness.
Legal Aspects of Educational Migration within the Framework of Challenges of the Pandemic
Authors:   Deputy Director of the Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Rostovskaya Tamara K. , Skorobogatova Vera I. ,   Leading Research Scientist of the Institute of Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center for Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study is a brief analysis of the legal aspects of educational migration in the context of the challenges of the pandemic. The article uses a comparative legal method that includes an analysis of Russian and foreign legislation in support of educational mobility and increasing the migration attractiveness for young scientists. The study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic almost halted migration processes in 2020, signifi cantly affecting educational migration. In general, there is a decrease in the number of foreign students who have decided to study abroad, while some countries have maintained the indicators of attracting students from abroad. What factors have determined this phenomenon in the format of closed borders, what new tools and legal solutions are offered by foreign partners in conditions of restrictions? Findings: the authors of the publication answer these questions by demonstrating both foreign experience and the results of the work of Russian universities in attracting foreign students in the context of the pandemic. The authors also formed proposals for improving the legislation to preserve and develop the achieved indicators of educational migration. Internationalization encourages the quality of education, the diversity of education, and the free exchange of educational resources. In the context of a pandemic, educational migration can stimulate both creative educational technologies and modern legal solutions.
Prosecutor’s Supervision over Illegal Migration: The Theory and Practice
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Economic and Financial Investigations of the Higher School of State Audit of the Lomonosov MSU, Khoda Veronika D.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to identify the key features of prosecutorial supervision in the field of illegal migration, which are attributed to this activity in theory, and also manifested in practice. Methods: presented by both general scientific and special methods. General scientific methods, in particular, include: analysis, synthesis, inductive-deductive method, etc. Among the special research methods, one can single out: the method of analyzing normative legal acts, the method of analyzing law enforcement practice, the method of system analysis, etc. Findings: based on the results of the analysis, the most conceptual tasks were formulated to improve the efficiency of prosecutorial supervision in the field of migration legal relations at the present stage in Russia. Conclusions: the presence of significant problems with the observance of the rule of law in the field of migration presupposes the adoption of additional measures, which should be aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of the prosecutor’s supervision over the observance of the migration legislation of the Russian Federation. In particular, such measures can be: increasing the level of information, analytical and methodological support of activities carried out within the framework of this type of prosecutor’s supervision; as well as the expansion and deepening of cooperation between the prosecutor’s office and public associations that counter illegal migration.
La Macroeconomía de la cuarentena: Un modelo de dos sectores
Authors: Mendoza Waldo , Mancilla Luis , Velarde Rafael
Published: March 2022

La caída del PBI en 11 por ciento en el año 2020 fue de las más duras en América Latina y la más severa en el Perú desde 1989. El desencadenante fue la COVID-19 y el principal instrumento para contenerla: la cuarentena. No obstante, la recuperación del 2021 ha sido una de las más vigorosas en la región. En este documento se presenta un modelo macroeconómico de dos sectores, inspirado en Blanchard (2021), que busca reproducir los hechos descritos. Los dos sectores son keynesianos, pues la producción está determinada por la demanda; y los niveles de precios dependen del nivel esperado de precios y de la brecha del PBI en cada sector. La conexión intersectorial se produce porque los trabajadores consumen bienes de ambos sectores. El sector 1 (hoteles, restaurantes, líneas aéreas, etc.) es el directamente afectado por la cuarentena y el sector 2 (producción de alimentos, y bienes y servicios indispensables) es afectado indirectamente por el shock de demanda negativo procedente del sector 1. Debido a la cuarentena, el descenso del PBI potencial y el consumo autónomo en el sector 1 desencadenan una recesión general. Sin embargo, el fin de la cuarentena y las políticas que impidieron el deterioro de la capacidad productiva de la economía permiten una recuperación también generalizada de esta economía.
Trade Creation and Diversion Effects under the Free Trade Agreement between Peru and the United States: A Gravitational Analysis
Authors: Arrieta Padilla Gabriel Lewis
Published: March 2022

This paper is oriented to quantify the trade creation and diversion effects in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Peru and the United States. For that purpose, using a disaggregated database at the 10-digit level for Peruvian goods with intervals of 3-years between 2002 and 2018, this article adopts a three-dummy variable methodology that allows the identification of intra-bloc and extra-bloc effects. In addition, a theoretically-founded gravity equation is employed with the incorporation of country-time and time-invariant fixed effects in order to solve common econometric specification problems, such as lack of multilateral resistance terms in modelling, heteroscedasticity of trade data, inclusion of zero trade flows, and endogeneity of trade policy. Estimating with the PPML method for the complete sample and among types of goods (group 1: raw materials and intermediate goods, and group 2: consumer and capital goods), the main results show that the Peru-US FTA generates intra-bloc trade creation for the entire sample and two groups of goods separately. In addition, the FTA produces export trade diversion for the complete sample and group 2, while import trade creation for both groups. In overall, the Peru-USA FTA is an “intra-bloc trade creation agreement” that boosted bilateral trade flows. These effects are considered in order to formulate some policy recommendations for improving the results of this Peruvian FTA.
Do preferential trade agreements favor the liberalization of trade with non-members? The case of the Andean Community
Authors: Castillo Thorne Lakshmi Isabel
Published: March 2022

The theoretical literature has not reached a consensus on the effect of PTAs on multilateral liberalization. Empirical studies on this topic have been limited and, like theoretical studies, their results vary. The objective of this study is to find the effect of the Andean Community of Nations on the multilateral liberalization of Peru, by analyzing the variations in the Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs applied to non-members as a consequence of the preferential tariff reductions applied by Peru to the members of this PTA. The units of analysis are the tariff lines disaggregated to 6 digits of the Harmonized System for the period 1992-2010. Results show that, for the entire study period, the Andean Community generated a building block. We divided the sample into two sub-periods: 1992-2001 and 2002-2010. For the first period the results show a building block effect; however, for the second half the results changed, and a stumbling block is found. Other variables are also added to observe their effects on changes in external tariffs, such as preferential imports, which, when they present a sizeable preferential margin, cause a reduction in MFN tariffs for the entire sample. Based on these results, we found that the Andean Community did not represent an impediment to multilateral liberalization in Peru.
Análisis de riesgo de desastre extensivo desde una mirada holística y bajo una escala micro: movimiento en masa en el asentamiento humano Quebrada Alta del Paraíso, distrito de Villa María del Triunfo
Authors: Sánez Zevallos Elsa Consuelo
Published: March 2022

El crecimiento urbano en la ciudad de Lima sin un enfoque territorial-multiescalar no ha permitido responder a las desigualdades socioeconómicas, la protección de ecosistemas y los riesgos de desastres. Esto ha generado que muchas poblaciones continúen habitando en zonas de riesgo como es el caso de los asentamientos humanos del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo (VMT) expuestos a «pequeños» riesgos cotidianos y con impactos de carácter acumulativo. Bajo este contexto, la presente investigación analiza el nivel riesgo de desastre extensivo por movimiento en masa desde una escala micro y bajo un enfoque holístico en el asentamiento humano Quebrada Alta del Paraíso a través de entrevistas, fichas de información y el uso de SIG.Los principales resultados del estudio arrojan un nivel de riesgo muy alto a alto. Esto se explica a partir del factor peligro (muy alto-alto), registrando un total de diez peligros activos y cuatro inactivos por caída de rocas y deslizamiento. Asimismo, estos resultados están condicionados por las características físicas del territorio que difieren durante la época de invierno (ecosistema de lomas) y verano. Finalmente, el análisis de vulnerabilidades muestra un nivel entre muy alto a medio que deja en evidencia la precariedad de las viviendas y servicios básicos (vulnerabilidad técnica), escasa organización (vulnerabilidad social), bajo nivel de instrucción e ingresos (vulnerabilidad económica), la incidencia de los conocimientos y percepciones de la población (vulnerabilidad cultural), y la poca presencia y representatividad institucional (vulnerabilidad institucional).
Rejeneratif tıpta model organizma; Aksolotl (Ambystoma Mexicanum)
Authors: ÇAKAR Burak , TOMRUK Canberk , ÇELİK Servet , UYANIKGİL Yiğit
Published: March 2022

The axolotl has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate damaged and lost structures, especially the nervous system, limbs, organs such as the eye and heart, without causing scarring. It has become a very important model organism by attracting the attention of scientists working in both developmental biology and regenerative medicine and stem cell biology. The axolotl, which is amphibian and tetrapod, is a more preferred model due to its ease of maintenance and reproduction compared to other organisms such as African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) or zebrafish (Danio rerio), which are relatively difficult to study. The main purposes of this review are the definition and origin of the axolotl, its taxonomy, anatomy, reproduction, nutrition, habitat, to give a perspective to scientists who want to work on this model organism by giving examples to the scientific data and study fields of the last 20 years by addressing issues such as how it contributes to scientific studies as a model organism.
The Longest Year
Authors: Raymen Thomas , Lloyd Anthony , Kuldova Tereza , Smith Oliver
Published: March 2022

This editorial is an introduction to the first special issue of the Journal of Contemporary Crime, Harm and Ethics. The aim of this issue is to draw together a range of perspectives on 2020 as ‘the longest year’ and its implications for the future of crime, harm and justice. The collection of papers, essays and interviews incorporate empirical data, theoretical analysis, and speculative horizon-scanning to outline the current position and future directions for crime, harm and ethics.
Application of Weight-Based Sum Codes at the Synthesis of Circuits for Built-in Control by Boolean Complement Method
Authors: Pashukov Artem
Published: March 2022

This work considers the application of Boolean complement method for the organization of self-checking circuits of built-in control for the devices synthesized on being Field-Programmable Gate Arrays. Review is given for the application of Boolean complement method while using various noise-resistant codes. The example is demonstrated for control circuit synthesis with Boolean complement method. Algorithm for control system synthesis by Boolean complement method with the use of weight-based sum codes by module M is formulated. As an example, weighted codes are considered with the summation of weight categories by module M = 3 and M = 4 for these purposes. The given codes have only two control categories that simplifies their application for task solution on the design of functional diagnostics system by Boolean complement method. The comparative analysis of both codes with their use in the systems with Boolean complement has been pursued. The application of Boolean complement method on the basis of weight-based sum codes for synthesis of discrete devices has been suggested.
The Use of Solar Batteries at Power Supply of Turnout Electric Drives on the Example of Uzbekistan Railways
Authors: Ruziev Davron
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the research of possibilities to apply solar batteries at power supply of devices of railway automatics and telemechanics in view of geographical position of Uzbekistan. The attention in the research is focused on the questions of energy-effective control of turnout electric drives from solar batteries on intermediate stations. On the example of “Sabir Rakhimov” station, the assessment of average-daily quantity of turnout switches has been made, the calculation of utilized quantity of electric energy for turnout electric drives has been pursued as well as the possibilities of this energy replenishment from solar batteries have been defined. The change in solar battery power in different countries on one and the same type stations has been analyzed. The advantages of alternative energetics for the needs of railway automatics and telemechanics have been described. The calculation of the efficiency of the devices of autonomous electric supply system for last 20 years has been pursued on the basis of statistical data on insolation of Tashkent and Moscow territories (for comparison). The technologies of the location of solar batteries on railway infrastructure objects have been presented. Special attention is paid on perspectives of wide industrial introduction of solar batteries for the energy supply of the devices of railway automatics and remote control.
Rolling Stock Monitoring Technology Based on Remote Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Baranov Leonid , Burchenkov Valeriy
Published: March 2022

The functionality of information-measuring systems for remote detection of faulty parts of the undercarriage of cars in motion is considered. The features of the use of fiber-optic cables laid along the railway tracks as sensors for detecting defects in the rolling stock and infrastructure of railway lines are evaluated. The functional features of the influence of external physical influences impact on the length of the reflected wave fiber Bragg gratings. The possibility of using remote acoustic sensing to determine defects in parts and assemblies of rolling stock while the train is in motion is shown, the possibilities of joint application of the remote acoustic sounding technology with axle counters and a wheel passage registration system are noted. An assessment of the conditions for ensuring the operability and adjustment of a distributed fiberoptic line of sensors for a railway section is proposed. A scheme for the planned placement of remote acoustic sounding devices at the training ground of the Belarusian Railways has been developed. The possibility of immediate detection of defective wheelsets with a maximum allowable value of sliders exceeding 1.0 mm, as well as a break in the side frame of a wagon bogie to prevent dangerous emergencies, has been established. A method is proposed for continuous monitoring of the technical condition of rolling stock in motion, providing increased control over the serviceability of parts and units of the rolling stock.
Resultados do transplante alogênico de células tronco hematopoiéticas em síndrome mielodisplásica do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio
Authors: Cordeiro Missielle Duarte , Gonçalves Romélia Pinheiro , Duarte Fernando Barroso
Published: March 2022

Introdução: Síndromes mielodisplásicas (SMD) são um grupo heterogêneo de distúrbios hematopoiéticos clonais que têm maior chance de progressão para Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (LMA). O Transplante Alogênico de Células Tronco Hematopoiéticas (TCTH) representa o tratamento curativo mais efetivo para SMD até o momento. Objetivos: descrever o perfil dos pacientes com SMD, que realizaram TCTH alogênico, no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) em Fortaleza, Ceará. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo observacional e descritivo com onze pacientes com SMD de novo que realizaram TCTH alogênico no período de fevereiro de 2015 a junho de 2018. Resultados: total de onze pacientes, idade ao diagnóstico de dezenove a sessenta e seis anos (média 46 anos). Três pacientes deleção do 5q (duas com alterações adicionais), quatro hipocelulares, um com displasia de múltiplas linhagens (p53 positivo na imunohistoquímica), duas com excesso de blastos tipo 2, uma com sideroblastos em anel (baixo risco). Dez doadores aparentados com fonte das células de sangue periférico e um não aparentado com fonte de medula óssea. Óbitos: uma paciente com excesso de blastos e um paciente com displasia multilinhagem. Conclusão: é possível identificar pacientes com SMD de baixo risco que tenham indicação de TCTH alogênico. Anormalidades citogenéticas adicionais à deleção 5q não tiveram impacto negativo. Também reforçamos a importância prognóstica do p53.
Mechanisms and implications of sex differences in cardiac aging
Authors: Yusifov Aykhan , Woulfe Kathleen C. , Bruns Danielle R.
Published: March 2022

Aging promotes structural and functional remodeling of the heart, even in the absence of external factors. There is growing clinical and experimental evidence supporting the existence of sex-specific patterns of cardiac aging, and in some cases, these sex differences emerge early in life. Despite efforts to identify sex-specific differences in cardiac aging, understanding how these differences are established and regulated remains limited. In addition to contributing to sex differences in age-related heart disease, sex differences also appear to underlie differential responses to cardiac stress such as adrenergic activation. Identifying the underlying mechanisms of sex-specific differences may facilitate the characterization of underlying heart disease phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of utilizing sex-specific therapeutic approaches for cardiac disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms and implications of sex-specific cardiac aging, how these changes render the heart more susceptible to disease, and how we can target age- and sex-specific differences to advance therapies for both male and female patients.
Utility of Lymphadenectomy in Prostate Cancer: Where do We Stand?
Authors: Małkiewicz Bartosz , Kiełb Paweł , Karwacki Jakub , Czerwińska Róża , Długosz Paulina , Lemiński Artur , Nowak Łukasz , Krajewski Wojciech , Szydełko Tomasz
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on lymph node dissection (LND) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Despite a growing body of evidence, utility, therapeutic and prognostic value of such approach as well as optimal extent of LND, remain unsolved issues. Although LND is the most accurate staging procedure, the direct therapeutic effect is still not evident from the current literature which limits the possibility of establishing clear recommendations. This indicates the need for further robust and adequately designed high quality clinical trials.
Privacy Concerns in Machine Learning Fall Prediction Models: Implications for Geriatric Care and the Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Yang Russell
Published: March 2022

Fall prediction using machine learning has become one of the most fruitful and socially relevant applications of computer vision in gerontological research. Since its inception in the early 2000s, this subfield has proliferated into a robust body of research underpinned by various machine learning algorithms (including neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees) as well as statistical modeling approaches (Markov chains, Gaussian mixture models, and hidden Markov models). Furthermore, some advancements have been translated into commercial and clinical practice, with companies in various stages of development capitalizing on the aging population to develop new commercially available products. Yet despite the marvel of modern machine learning-enabled fall prediction, little research has been conducted to shed light on the security and privacy concerns that such systems pose for older adults. The present study employs an interdisciplinary lens in examining privacy issues associated with machine learning fall prediction and exploring the implications of these models in elderly care and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Ultimately, a justice-informed set of best practices rooted in social geroscience is suggested to help fall prediction researchers and companies continue to advance the field while preserving elderly privacy and autonomy.
Estimation of Vitamin C Intake Requirements Based on Body Weight
Authors: Carr Anitra C. , Block Gladys , Lykkesfeldt Jens
Published: March 2022

Higher body weight is known to negatively impact plasma vitamin C status. However, despite this well-documented inverse association, recommendations on daily vitamin C intakes by health authorities worldwide do not include particular reference values for people of higher body weight. This suggests that people of higher body weight and people with obesity may be insufficient in vitamin C in spite of ingesting the amounts recommended by their health authorities. The current preliminary investigation sought to estimate how much additional vitamin C people with higher body weights need to consume in order to attain a comparable vitamin C status to that of a lower weight person consuming an average Western vitamin C intake. Data from two published vitamin C dose-concentration studies were used to generate the relationship: a detailed pharmacokinetic study with seven healthy non-smoking men and a multiple depletion-repletion study with 68 healthy non-smoking men of varying body weights. Our estimates suggest that an additional intake of 10 mg vitamin C/day is required for every 10 kg increase in body weight to attain a comparable plasma concentration to a 60 kg individual with a vitamin C intake of ~110 mg/day, which is the daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Thus, individuals weighing e.g. 80 and 90 kg will need to consume ~130 and 140 mg vitamin C/day, respectively. People with obesity will likely need even higher vitamin C intakes. As poor vitamin C status is associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, these findings may have important public health implications. As such, dose-finding studies are required to determine optimal vitamin C intakes for overweight and obese people.