bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coexisting Small Vessel Disease Predicts Poor Long-Term Outcome in Stroke Patients with Intracranial Large Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Fu Jian Hui , Chen Yang Kun , Chen Xiang Yan , Mok Vincent , Wong Ka Sing
Published: August 2010

Background and Purposes: Until now, limited data are available about the potential effect of coexisting small vessel disease (SVD) on the long-term outcome of stroke patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (ILAA). Methods: A prospective study was performed on 293 patients with symptomatic ILAA, who were divided into 4 groups (group I, single intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (SILAA) without SVD; group II, multiple intracranial large arteries atherosclerosis (MILAA) without SVD; group III, SILAA with SVD; group IV, MILAA with SVD) and followed up for recurrent stroke or death. Results: The 3-year cumulative risks of recurrent stroke were 18% for SILAA without SVD, 38% for MILAA without SVD, 21% for SILAA with SVD and 34% for MILAA with SVD. The 3-year cumulative risks of death were 6, 7, 20 and 22%, respectively. Compared with SILAA without SVD, more recurrent stroke occurred in MILAA without SVD (log-rank 3.83; p = 0.050) and MILAA with SVD (log-rank 7.79; p = 0.014), and the higher risk of death (log-rank 9.472; p = 0.002) was found in group MILAA with SVD. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model showed that MILAA with SVD may be a predictor of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio 2.001; 95% CI 1.108–3.934; p = 0.044), and a borderline predictor for death (hazard ratio 3.180; 95% CI 0.895–10.987; p = 0.073). Conclusion: Coexisting SVD is very common and may predict poor outcome in stroke patients with symptomatic ILAA.
Defining a New Paradigm for Human Arrhythmia Syndromes
Authors: Ackerman Michael J. , Mohler Peter J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

Over the past 15 years, gene mutations in cardiac ion channels have been linked to a host of potentially fatal human arrhythmias including long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. More recently, a new paradigm for human arrhythmia has emerged based on gene mutations that affect the activity of cardiac ion channel- and transporter- associated proteins. As part of theCirculation Researchthematic series on inherited arrhythmias, this review focuses on the emerging field of human arrhythmias caused by dysfunction in cytosolic gene products (including ankyrins, yotiao, syntrophin, and caveolin-3) that regulate the activities of key membrane ion channels and transporters.
The Fifteen Years of Discoveries That Shaped Molecular Electrophysiology
Authors: Priori Silvia G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

This article serves as an introductory overview to a thematic review series that will present the latest advancements in the field of inherited arrhythmias. This area of cardiac electrophysiology started approximately 15 years ago thanks to the contribution of Mark Keating and coworkers, who discovered the molecular basis of long QT syndrome. The field rapidly expanded when clinicians, molecular biologists, geneticists, and cellular electrophysiologists, who undertook an impressive collaborative effort to clarify the genetic basis of “cardiac channelopathies.” As a result of this hard work, the paradigms for diagnosis and management of patients with inherited arrhythmogenic diseases were substantially modified, demonstrating once more the value of “translational research.” As more and more genes have been implicated in the genesis of inherited arrhythmias, we keep broadening our understanding of the complexity of ion channels and their multifaceted regulatory processes. Despite the fact that several discoveries have already been made, the field is facing new challenges that are attracting young investigators who share with the pioneers the ambitious goal of finding new therapies and even a cure for these conditions.
“To Obviate a Scandalous Reflection”: Revisiting the Wreck of the Nottingham Galley
Authors: Erickson Stephen
Published: August 2010

The Nottingham Galley, and its captain John Deane, are remembered today for having survived a grim winter wreck and cannibalism on Boon Island, Maine, in 1710. But that episode is only part of a larger, compelling story involving mutiny, politics, class conflict, reputation, and the power of the written and printed word.
Transcendental Vacations: Thoreau and Emerson in the Wilderness
Authors: Stowe William W.
Published: August 2010

Wilderness vacations were becoming popular in the antebellum period. Thoreau's Maine sojourns and Emerson's Adirondack camping trip offered opportunities to rethink relations between humans and nature. Thoreau's vacation essays explore the meanings of contact with objects, plants, animals, and people. Emerson's vacation poem affirms and challenges human domination of the natural world.
The Reconstruction of Islamic Social Thought in the Modern Period: Nursi’s Approach to Religious Discourse in a Changing Society
Authors: Özervarli M. Sait
Published: August 2010

In this article I will analyse the social aspects of Said Nursi’s thought in the context of late Ottoman and modern Turkish intellectual history within the boundaries of social philosophy and theology. I aim to discuss the outcome of Nursi’s work in formulating a live discourse that corresponds to the needs of modern Muslim society in Turkey and around the world. Nursi’s life and thought comprises interesting evidences to comprehend the transition of Muslims in the traumatic period of the two World Wars in the twentieth century and their resistance to the challenges of a new ‘weltanschauung’ and various philosophical ideas, as well as a new political design that tried to reshape society by pursuing a hard-line modernisation process.
Is Justice Binary?: Absolute and Relative Justice in the Teachings of Said Nursi
Authors: Horkuc Hasan
Published: August 2010

Does absolute justice exist or not? It may be argued that where absolute justice is impossible to realise, it is only reasonable to expect that the concept of partial or relative justice be invoked. Nursi defines justice either in terms of absolute as opposed to relative, or positive as opposed to negative. In this paper, we explore the binary nature of Nursi’s approach to justice, with the aim of elucidating those areas of his thought which have not hitherto been researched. Focusing on the dichotomous nature of justice in Nursian thought may help to sharpen our understanding of existing theories of justice at the very least; it may even force us to rethink our prejudices and give us greater understanding of the concept of justice itself. Particular focus will be on the implications of human free-will for the concept of justice, both in its ‘relative’ and ‘absolute’ state. The paper raises questions about the possibility of absolute justice.
Internet Threats to Hindu Authority: Puja-ordering Websites and the Kalighat Temple
Authors: Scheifinger Heinz
Published: August 2010

This article investigates particular threats to authority within Hinduism as a result of the Internet. It focuses upon websites which allow for pujas (devotional rituals) to be ordered to be carried out at the important Kalighat Temple in Kolkata. The two groups which currently exercise authority at the temple are identified, along with the specific forms of authority which they exercise. The processes which are occurring as a result of the puja-ordering websites and the activities of those responsible for them are then demonstrated. The argument put forward is that, in addition to the puja ordering services being a threat to both the authority of the temple administration and the priests working there, they also have the potential to affect the relationship between these two groups. Findings from the Kalighat Temple case study further suggest that the effects at temples of online puja-ordering services are dependent upon the current situation at respective temples.
Dynamic Progressive Damage Modeling of Fiber-reinforced Composites Under Different Strain Rates
Authors: Shokrieh Mahmood M. , Omidi Majid Jamal
Published: August 2010

A dynamic progressive damage model is developed to simulate the crash dynamic behavior of laminated composites. Experimental results are taken from various types of uni-axial quasi-static and dynamic tests on unidirectional plies. The model is an integration of four major components: rate-dependent material model, stress analysis, failure analysis, and material property degradation rules. Material properties of a glass/epoxy unidirectional ply under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions; in longitudinal, transverse, and shear loadings and at various strain rates, ranging from 0.001 to 100 s-1 which are typical strain-rate range during automobile crash accidents, are fully characterized. The material properties, including strain-rate-dependent effects, are derived. The dynamic behavior of composite specimens exhibited strain-rate dependency, when compared to the static properties. Based on the results obtained, the empirical material model functions are proposed in terms of strain rates. In addition, stress-based dynamic failure criteria including different failure modes of a unidirectional ply under multi-axial states of stress and the strain-rate-dependent behavior of material are developed. The developed failure criteria are used to quantify the damage evolution and corresponding reduction in the stiffness and strength in different modes based on associated rate-dependent material property degradation rules. The developed models are programmed as a user-defined subroutine in LS-DYNA, a nonlinear, explicit dynamic code. The predictive capability of the model is validated by numerical simulations of two representative composite specimens; quasi-isotropic composite flat specimens under tensile dynamic loading and circular composite tubes under axial impact against experimental results. The predictions of the model correlate well with the results obtained by experiments.
Arousal of Achievement Motivation Among Student Samples in Three Different Cultural Contexts: Self and Social Standards of Evaluation
Authors: Hofer Jan , Busch Holger , Bender Michael , Li Ming  , Hagemeyer Birk
Published: August 2010

This article examines the influence of different situational contexts on the arousal of need for achievement in student samples from different cultural contexts. Implicit achievement motivation was assessed by a Thematic Apperception Test—type story test for which two different instructions were used: Although one group was informed that the best performance would be identified (me-oriented instruction), the other group was told that only the performance of the whole group (we-oriented instruction) would be evaluated. In Study 1, analyses revealed that Cameroonian participants who received the we-oriented instructions showed a significantly higher achievement motivation even if study groups did not differ in explicit life goals. In Study 2, the relationship between situational context and arousal of need for achievement was scrutinized in Chinese and German student samples. Within both cultural groups, students who were assigned to the me-oriented condition showed the highest levels of need for achievement. Findings are discussed with respect to differences in students’ self-construal.
Intergenerational Relationships and Female Inheritance Expectations: Comparative Results From Eight Societies in Asia, Europe, and North America
Authors: Nauck Bernhard
Published: August 2010

In the current article, the author (a) integrates two major theoretical approaches for the explanation of inheritance expectations, namely, the institutional approach of cultural anthropology and the interactionist approach of family research and social gerontology; (b) takes into account the institutional settings of kinship systems and inheritance regimes on the societal level; and (c) relates these institutional settings to the intergenerational relationships between parents and parents-in-law and their offspring. At the societal level, these relations are formulated as two hypotheses: The lineage hypothesis refers to the inheritance regime and its impact on individual inheritance expectations, whereas the welfare hypothesis refers to the relation between levels of affluence and quality of inheritance (instrumental or expressive inheritance).The empirical analysis is based on standardized interviews with women from India, China, Palestine, Turkey, Indonesia, Russia, Germany, and the United States (N = 5,282), which were collected for the Value of Children in Six Cultures research project. Descriptive results show strong cross-cultural differences in matrilineal, patrilineal, and bilineal inheritance expectations. In subsequent multivariate logistic regression analyses, the author tested societal, relational, and individual predictors on inheritance expectations. The results support the lineage and welfare hypotheses but provide no evidence for exchange-based assumptions on the effects of the quality of intergenerational relationships on inheritance expectations.
Urbanisation, Poverty and Sexual Behaviour
Authors: Greif Meredith J. , Dodoo F. Nii-Amoo , Jayaraman Anuja
Published: August 2010

The question of how urbanisation and poverty are linked in sub-Saharan Africa is an increasingly pressing one. The urban character of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa exacerbates concern about the urbanisation–poverty relationship. Recent empirical work has linked urban poverty, and particularly slum residence, to risky sexual behaviour in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi. This paper explores the generalisability of these assertions about the relationship between urban poverty and sexual behaviour using Demographic and Health Survey data from five African cities: Accra (Ghana), Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania), Harare (Zimbabwe), Kampala (Uganda) and Nairobi (Kenya). The study affirms that, although risky behaviour varies across the five cities, slum residents demonstrate riskier sexual behaviour compared with non-slum residents. There is earlier sexual debut, lower condom usage and more multiple sexual partners among women residing in slum households regardless of setting, suggesting a relatively uniform effect of urban poverty on sexual risk behaviour.
Constrained by managerialism: Caring as participation in the voluntary social services
Authors: Baines Donna , Cunningham Ian , Fraser Heather
Published: August 2010

Participation in the predominantly female voluntary social services is the norm that most workers expect, but little is known about how participation plays out in the circumscribed realities of managerialism and outsourcing. This paper asserts that there are three kinds of overlapping participative processes in the voluntary social services: (1) procedural-formal; (2) practice-professional; and (3) affinity processes, and that these are closely associated with the gendered notions of caring and care’s connection to social mission and values. Our data suggest that rather than expanding in the context of third way politics, opportunities for all three kinds of participation have been severely curtailed by managerialism. This paper presents arguments drawn from two case studies of conditions in voluntary agencies (in Scotland and Australia) where caring was found to be a form of workplace participation, as well as the basis for exploitation and abuse of the workers by employers and clients.
Creative Partnerships for Funding Nursing Research
Authors: McCann Judith J. , Hills Elizabeth Blanchard , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Smith Carol E. , Farran Carol J. , Wilkie Diana J.
Published: August 2010

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program and the Small Business Technology Transfer Research (STTR) program are two federal funding mechanisms that some nurses in academic positions have used to support research and development of innovative nursing products or services. Both the SBIR and STTR mechanisms are excellent sources of funding for nurse researchers who want to capitalize on relationships with small businesses or obtain seed money to fund high-risk projects with potential to attract new venture capital. This article provides an overview of National Institutes of Health (NIH)—funded SBIR and STTR programs and summarizes similarities and differences between the programs. The article also describes unique features of NIH SBIR and STTR funding mechanisms that differentiate them from other R-series funding mechanisms, reviews evaluation criteria for SBIR and STTR projects, and discusses critical partners and resources for proposal development. Finally, the article describes characteristics of successful partnerships and provides examples of SBIR/STTR-funded projects.
A qualitative study exploring perceptions and experiences of patients and clinicians of Palliative Medicine Outpatient Clinics in different settings
Authors: Cawley D , Waterman D , Roberts D , Caress AL
Published: August 2010

Palliative care exists in a variety of settings and palliative care teams form many guises within this. A Palliative Medicine Outpatient Clinic (PMOC) exists to meet the flexible provision of the needs and preferences of individuals within whatever care setting they reside. This explorative study used a qualitative methodology, capturing patients’ actual experience of care in preference to their satisfaction, as this is a more accurate measure of how and what patients judge as important in their healthcare. The overall themes in this paper point to the ‘value’ that patients perceived from attending the PMOC and how important the clinics were to clinicians that provided the care. The clinic facilitates much more than symptom control and here lies the challenge in how we convert the very positive experience of individuals into a language of outcome measures that captures the ‘essence’ of our work in this fiscally driven health economy.
Disease trajectories and ACT/RCPCH categories in paediatric palliative care
Authors: Wood Fiona , Simpson Sharon , Barnes Emma , Hain Richard
Published: August 2010

The objective of this study was to provide a preliminary description of trajectories of life-limiting conditions (LLCs) using qualitative experiential data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with families of children with LLCs, selected to encompass all Association for Children’s Palliative Care (ACT)/Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) categories, using a schedule developed from focus groups of professionals. Thirty out of 76 families agreed to participate. Four of these were unsuitable. In nine out of 26 families, their child had died. In eight out of the 26, two individuals were interviewed. Twenty-four mothers, nine fathers, one sibling and two foster-carers were interviewed in total. The interview schedule was developed from data from four themed focus groups, comprising 25 professionals from 14 backgrounds. Thirty-four milestones in five phases were identified: Diagnosis, Loss of normality, Adjusting to new normality, Palliative phase and Death. Many milestones were common to all categories, suggesting that the ACT/RCPCH system encompasses related conditions. Others occurred in only some, suggesting trajectories in the categories are distinct. Significant themes emerging from qualitative data were: becoming expert in their child, concerns about service provision, information needs and relationships with health professionals. By presenting qualitative descriptive data regarding the lived experience of families of children with LLCs, this study provides preliminary evidence that the ACT/RCPCH categories are suitable tools for research and service development.
Lend Me Your Ears: The Truth in the Fiction of The Glass Bees by Ernst Jünger
Authors: Goudreau Kim
Published: August 2010

The Glass Bees by Ernst Jünger was first published in Germany in 1957. It is a speculative fictional work that foretells much of what today is the reality of life in a technological society. Of particular import is his portrayal of the ambiguity of human character and moral guideposts that leave only power to mediate human relationships. These psychological and cultural symptoms can be traced to a society under the unremitting spell of the extension of technique. Headlines drawn from today demonstrate that the portrayal was not overstated.
Nonprofit Organizations, Bureaucratic Agencies, and Policy: Exploring the Determinants of Administrative Advocacy
Authors: Nicholson-Crotty Jill
Published: August 2010

Scholarly interest in the ways in which nonprofit organizations (NPOs) engage in the policy process has increased markedly in recent years, but one arena of participation about which we still know very little is administrative lobbying. To date, no study has investigated the factors that influence the strategic decision by an NPO to focus their advocacy resources on the bureaucracy. This essay models the decision to engage in administrative advocacy by 501(c)(3) organizations as a function of the state-level political environment in which they deliver services and the organizational resources that they possess. Data on advocacy activities and organizational characteristics of family planning NPOs are drawn from tax records and data compiled by the National Center for Charitable Statistics.
Organizational Justice and Employee Work Attitudes: The Federal Case
Authors: Choi Sungjoo
Published: August 2010

Organizational scientists have claimed that organizational justice is an essential requirement for effective organizational management. Perceived justice in the organization is predicted to influence employees’ attitudes toward their job and workplace significantly. This study explores how perceived organizational justice is related to employees’ work-related attitudes including job satisfaction, trust toward their supervisors and management, and intention to leave their agency. It also examines how gender differences affect these relationships. This study uses the 2005 Merit System Protection Board Survey to measure three types of organizational justice—distributive, procedural, and interpersonal—and tests the relationships using hierarchical regressions. The results indicate that higher levels of three types of organizational justice are positively related to job satisfaction and trust in supervisor and management, whereas they are negatively associated with turnover intentions of employees. Distributive justice is the one most strongly associated with job satisfaction, trust in management, and turnover intention of employees among three attributes of organizational justice. Women show higher levels of trust in management than men when they perceive procedural justice, whereas men show higher levels of trust than women when they perceive distributive and interpersonal justice.
Managing Conflicting Public Values: Governing With Integrity and Effectiveness
Authors: de Graaf Gjalt , van der Wal Zeger
Published: August 2010

The articles of this symposium were all part of the First Global Dialogue on Ethical and Effective Governance, a conference organized by the VU University in Amsterdam in May 2009. In this introduction we focus on the subtitle of the conference: governing with integrity and governing effectively/efficiently — both are intrinsically valued. The importance of governing with moral public values like transparency, equity, and honesty is clear. Yet it is also clear that acting on moral values does not always produce the required policy outcomes. The potential conflict between governing with integrity and governing efficiently and effectively is the central theme of this symposium.
E-Government Versus E-Business: A Comparison of Online Recruitment in the Public and Private Sectors
Authors: Mareschal Patrice M. , Rudin Joel P.
Published: August 2010

In this study, the authors assessed the usability of e-recruitment websites in the 50 states and the 50 largest American businesses. It is found that states were much less likely than businesses to accept online job applications. For example, it is impossible to apply online for a state government position in the three largest states. When it was possible to apply online for a state government job, the websites tended to be less user-friendly and informative than their private-sector counterparts. The major exception to this pattern was that the state government websites tended to be less secretive about pay rates. Because of the digital divide, state governments cannot rely exclusively on online applications. However, state governments should be able to offer a more advanced online job application process. The authors conclude by discussing implications for e-democracy, offering suggestions for research and practice, and identifying the two states with the least advanced recruitment practices.
Accountability and Debt Management: The Case of New York’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Authors: Justice Jonathan B. , Miller Gerald J.
Published: August 2010

New York’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) provides transportation infrastructure and services to nearly 15 million residents of two states. In 2002, the MTA violated a strong professional norm of debt management by refinancing $13 billion of long-term debt in a way that increased rather than decreased the cost of repayment. This behavior, heavily influenced by the informal advice of investment bankers, seemed to many observers to confirm the oft-decried tendency of debt-issuing public authorities to sacrifice their accountability to citizens in order to please the bankers and other debt-market participants on whom they depend for financial resources. Yet the MTA’s choice appears on closer examination to have fulfilled the common desires of contemporary fare payers, tax payers, voters, and elected officials to maximize current spending while deferring costs to future tax and fare payers. The MTA case highlights potential conflicts between the professional imperative of democratic accountability and the competing professional norms of cost minimization, sustainability, and intergenerational equity. The fundamental structure of this dilemma is also apparent in other policy arenas with intergenerational implications, such as social security and climate policy, and raises the question of when obedience to market, political, and hierarchical expectations can justify sacrificing professional principles.
Management Innovation at the Brazilian Superior Tribunal of Justice
Authors: Guimarães Tomas de Aquino , Odelius Catarina Cecilia , Medeiros Janann Joslin , Vargas Santana João Augusto
Published: August 2010

We describe administrative reform involving management innovation undertaken at the Superior Tribunal of Justice, Brazil’s highest appellate court for infra-constitutional cases. The innovation is the introduction of a new management model based on strategic planning and a process management approach to work processes. Introduction of the new model has been supported by the use of information technology and project management techniques. Qualitative methods were used for data collection and analysis. Findings reveal that the innovation is contributing to the development of a systemic overview of key processes, reducing the fragmenting effects of the division of work activities within the Tribunal. At least three new organizational routines or capabilities have been developed as a result of the innovation studied: Electronic Court Management, Project Management, and Process Management. The paper contributes to knowledge about court management, a field that has received little research attention in the public administration literature.
Bone Regeneration with BMP-2 Gene-modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Nano-hydroxyapatite/Collagen/ Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Scaffolds
Authors: Dong Jin-Lei , Li Lian-Xin , Mu Wei-Dong , Wang Yong-Hui , Zhou Dong-Sheng , Wei Hao  , Zou De-Bo , Kun Hu  , Ji Li  , Cui Fu-Zhai
Published: August 2010

In this study, the capacity of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene-transfected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid) (nHAC/ PLA) to improve the repair of bone defects in rabbit was explored. MSCs from New Zealand White rabbits were cultured and injected with pIRES2-EGFPhBMP-2 or pIRES2-EGFP by electroporation. After the transfer efficiency was determined through the expression of EGFP, the MSCs were seeded on scaffolds to generate an in vitro 3D cell/scaffold construct. The adhesion and proliferation of the MSCs cultured in the scaffold was assessed by SEM. The cellular constructs obtained were allografted into the 15 mm critical-sized segmental bone defects in the radius of New Zealand White rabbits for 12 weeks. The bone regeneration was assessed by radiographical and histological analyses. In vitro, nHAC/PLA facilitated MSC adhesion and proliferation on the scaffold, and gene transfer efficiency reached a maximum of 35.5 ± 3.8%. In vivo, the implantation of BMP-2 transfected MSCs/nHAC/PLA construct significantly enhanced the formation of new bone in the segmental defect, compared to the control groups. This novel 3D BMP-2 transfected MSCs/nHAC/PLA construct has the potential for bone repair by genetic tissue engineering approach.
Biocompatibility of Polyester Scaffolds with Fibroblasts and Osteoblast-like Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Idris Shaza B. , Dånmark Staffan , Finne-Wistrand Anna , Arvidson Kristina , Albertsson Ann-Christine , Bolstad Anne Isine , Mustafa Kamal
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the developed aliphatic polyester co-polymer scaffolds: poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one). The scaffolds were produced by solvent casting and particulate leaching, and tested by direct and indirect contact cytotoxicity assays on human osteoblast-like cells and mouse fibroblasts. Cell morphology was documented by light and scanning electron microscopy. Viability was assessed by the MTT, neutral red uptake, lactic dehydrogenase and apoptosis assays. Extraction tests confirmed that the scaffolds did not have a cytotoxic effect on the cells. The cells grew and spread well on the test scaffolds with good cellular attachment and viability. The scaffolds are noncytotoxic and biocompatible with the two cell types and warrant continued investigation as potential constructs for bone tissue engineering.
Skating Femininity: Gender Maneuvering in Women’s Roller Derby
Authors: Finley Nancy J.
Published: August 2010

This article contributes to the discussion of hegemonic and alternative femininities through an ethnographic study of Women’s Flat Track Roller Derby. As a site for construction of alternative femininities in the image of a “derby girl,” derby reveals how the understudied intragender relations between femininities can be important in challenging hegemonic gender relations. The dynamics between femininities, and the women who practice them, affect the motivations for challenging hegemonic gender, the transportation of symbolic discourses deployed in the challenges, and the creation of new organizational networks to sustain these challenges. One sees these effects in the organized ways the athletes feminize their participation in an aggressive sport through resistance, adaptation, mockery, and parody of hegemonic femininity, pariah femininities, and sport. This study gives particular attention to the interpretation of the events by the skaters and the histories of the social actors as well the interactions in the collective.
Strategy’s Negotiability, Reasonability, and Comprehensibility
Authors: Jäger Urs P. , Kreutzer Karin
Published: August 2010

This article presents results of an embedded comparative case study about central strategists realizing strategies in a large nonprofit organization characterized by decentralized and inverse structures. Inverse structures lead to a paradoxical situation in which strategists of a nonprofit’s central office have to make deliberate decisions about resource allocation while having no authority over the implementation of strategic decisions. Legitimation is a crucial element in the creation and realization of new strategies. The authors thus ask the question: How do strategists achieve the legitimation and realization of strategies without formal authority? The findings show that, in all of the observed four strategies—also in the process of formalization—strategists of the central office built on emergent strategies that they supported in their legitimation by three steps: Strategists supported the strategy’s negotiability (pragmatic legitimation), continued supporting its reasonability (moral legitimation), and finally its comprehensibility (cognitive legitimation).
An Assessment of Alternative Structural Models of Philanthropic Behavior
Authors: Forbes Kevin F. , Zampelli Ernest M.
Published: August 2010

In this article, the question of whether differences in four structural models of charitable behavior make any difference to the findings regarding the major determinants of philanthropic contributions is addressed. Using data from Independent Sector’s Giving and Volunteering Survey, giving and volunteering equations using the standard Tobit model, the “Heckit” model, the Cragg model with uncorrelated errors, and the Cragg model with correlated errors are estimated. Results indicate that the generalized two-stage approaches are far superior to the standard Tobit model for both monetary donations and volunteer time. For monetary giving, parameter estimates of the second-stage contribution equations are similar across the three alternative two-stage methods and there is no evidence of correlation between the first- and second-stage error terms. Second-stage estimates for volunteering from the Heckit and Cragg models with correlated errors are also similar and offer compelling evidence of correlated error terms.
The Gospel in a New Tune! The Appropriation of Ada María Isasi-Díaz’s ‘historical project’ by Latina Pentecostals in the Formulation of a Theology of Evangelism
Authors: Santiago-Vendrell Angel
Published: August 2010

The article looks at the way in which Latinas in the United States conceived evangelism. It explores the writings of mujerista theologian Ada María Isasi-Díaz in her construction of a praxis oriented model for evangelism based on a strategy of daily-life survival. The concept of interpersonal relationships based on divine transcendence guides the discussion to embrace the arts, especially salsa music as offered to the Afro-Caribbean deities, as a source of sharing good news in a new tune. Thus the article tries to interlace theoria (cultural and social analysis), praxis (reflection and action based on interpersonal relations), and poiesis (the formulation of worship-centered arts such as salsa music in the construction of a postcolonial evangelism).
Re-thinking God for the Sake of a Planet in Peril: Reflections on the Socially Transformative Potential of Sallie McFague’s Progressive Theology
Authors: Waschenfelder Jacob
Published: August 2010

This paper examines the influences which shape the tone and character of Sallie McFague’s ecotheology, while also suggesting that her theology holds immense socially transformative potential even while departing from many of the basic assumptions of traditional Christian theism. Contrary to the beliefs of majority Christianity, which most often assume the adequacy of supernatural and interventionist images of God, McFague contends that these outdated images seriously debilitate Christian agency and place our planet in peril. Changing Christian habits of thought about God, therefore, may yet prove to be a necessary, though not sufficient, prerequisite to resolve our environmental plight. Ultimately, I suggest that McFague’s reconstructive theology is a significant part of a larger blossoming of immanentalist sensibilities within North American religious culture at large, and in relation to which Christian churches will have to adjust in order to survive. This theological sea change may yet have the effect of moving McFague’s reconstructive proposals from the margins into the mainstream of Christian discourse and practice.
Validation of the Evidence-Based Practice Process Assessment Scale
Authors: Rubin Allen , Parrish Danielle E.
Published: August 2010

Objective: This report describes the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of a scale that assesses practitioners’ perceived familiarity with, attitudes of, and implementation of the evidence-based practice (EBP) process.

Method: Social work practitioners and second-year master of social works (MSW) students (N = 511) were surveyed in four sites to assess the scale’s internal consistency reliability and criterion and factorial validity. Additional data on the scale’s criterion validity and sensitivity were gathered in pretests and posttests of 97 social workers participating in EBP continuing education workshops.

Results: Findings support the scale’s internal consistency reliability, criterion and factorial validity, and sensitivity.

Conclusion: These findings support the use of the scale in surveys or to evaluate efforts to educate students and practitioners in EBP.
Effects of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy on Employment Outcomes in Early Schizophrenia: Results From a 2-Year Randomized Trial
Authors: Eack Shaun M. , Hogarty Gerard E. , Greenwald Deborah P. , Hogarty Susan S. , Keshavan Matcheri S.
Published: August 2010

Objective: To examine the effects of psychosocial cognitive rehabilitation on employment outcomes in a randomized controlled trial for individuals with early course schizophrenia. Method: Early course schizophrenia outpatients (N = 58) were randomly assigned to cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) or an enriched supportive therapy (EST) control and treated for 2 years. Comprehensive data on cognition and employment were collected annually. Results: Individuals treated with CET were significantly more likely to be competitively employed, had greater earnings from employment, and were more satisfied with their employment status by the end of treatment compared to EST recipients. Mediator analyses revealed that improvements in both social and nonsocial cognition mediated CET effects on employment. Conclusion: CET can help facilitate employment in early schizophrenia by addressing the cognitive impairments that limit functioning in the disorder. Inclusion of cognitive rehabilitation in social work practice can support more optimal functional recovery from schizophrenia.
A Telephone Intervention for Substance-Using Adult Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Mbilinyi Lyungai F. , Neighbors Clayton , Walker Denise D. , Roffman Roger A. , Zegree Joan , Edleson Jeffrey , O'Rourke Allison
Published: August 2010

Objective: To preliminarily evaluate telephone-delivered motivational enhancement therapy (MET) in motivating unadjudicated and nontreatment seeking intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators, who also use substances, to self-refer into treatment. Method: 124 adult men were recruited via a multimedia marketing campaign and were randomly assigned to the intervention (MET) or comparison group following a baseline assessment. Participants in the MET condition received a personalized feedback report on their IPV and substance-use behaviors, consequences, and social norms beliefs. Results: Results supported the likely effectiveness of MET in short-term reduction of IPV behavior, increasing motivation for treatment seeking, and changing perceived norms for IPV and substance abuse (SA). Conclusions: Applications for brief MET interventions to facilitate voluntary treatment entry among substance-using IPV perpetrators are discussed.
Evaluation of a Program to Educate Disadvantaged Parents to Enhance Child Learning
Authors: Leung Cynthia , Tsang Sandra , Dean Suzanne
Published: August 2010

This study reported a pilot trial of the Hands-On Parent Empowerment (HOPE) program, a 30-session program designed to instruct parents from disadvantaged backgrounds how to teach learning skills to their preschool children. The participants included 13 parents who newly migrated into Hong Kong from mainland China. The parents were required to complete questionnaires on child behavior problems, parental stress, social support, and self-efficacy before, during, and after intervention. The children were assessed on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test before and after intervention. The results indicated a significant decrease in parent-reported child behavior problems and parental stress, an increase in Performance IQ and vocabulary knowledge among the children. These improvements were also observed by preschool principals. The pilot experience provides insights for social work practice in terms of inter-sectoral collaboration, program content, duration, and intensity in early support for challenged families.
Evidence-Based Clearinghouses in Social Work
Authors: Soydan Haluk , Mullen Edward J. , Alexandra Laine , Rehnman Jenny , Li You-Ping
Published: August 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to describe several evidence-based clearinghouses focused on social work and related intervention outcomes, placing them in the context of how such clearinghouses can contribute to research dissemination to foster effective, evidence-based practice. Method: The study employed an analysis of data provided in clearinghouse Web sites and internal documentation. Results: The clearinghouses are Web-based portals where quality controlled scientific evidence of what works, what is promising, or what is possibly harmful in professional practice and policy interventions is made available to professionals, decision makers, and the general public in accessible and transparent language and format. Conclusions: Evidence-based clearinghouses in social work are promising vehicles of bringing high-quality evidence to professionals, decision makers, and other end users.
Development of the Ethnic and Racial Socialization of Transracial Adoptee Scale
Authors: Mohanty Jayashree
Published: August 2010

Objectives: This study describes the development and initial validation of the 15-item Ethnic and Racial Socialization of Transracial Adoptee Scale (ERSTAS). Method: Using the model of Boykin and Tom on Black family socialization, the items were developed and validated using two different Asian adoptee samples. Results: Two subscales, ethnic socialization and racial socialization, were identified through principal axis factor (PAF) analysis. The ERSTAS and its subscales demonstrate strong internal consistency as well as discriminant validity and correlate significantly with ethnic identity measures. Although the racial socialization subscale was significantly related to self-esteem and depression, the total scale and the Ethnic Socialization subscale scores were not. Conclusions: The ERSTA is a relatively short, easy-to-use, and theoretically developed measure. The initial psychometric properties of the scale highlight its utility within the transracial adoptee group.
Validation of the Cultural Influence on Helping Scale Among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Law Ben M. F. , Shek Daniel T. L.
Published: August 2010

The influence of culture on adolescent prosocial behavior is a neglected aspect in existing studies. Objectives: This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Cultural Influence on Helping Scale (CIHS) among Chinese adolescents. CIHS is an instrument that assesses Chinese cultural influence on helping other people. Method: The CIHS was administered to 5,812 high school students in Hong Kong. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed three factors, namely, ‘‘Advantages of helping people,’’ ‘‘Disadvantages of helping people,’’ and ‘‘Self-centeredness,’’ which support the hypothesized dimensions. The CIHS demonstrated good internal consistency. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were also supported. Conclusions: The psychometric properties of CIHS are adequate in the assessment of cultural influence on helping in Chinese adolescent samples.
A Case of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma With Aberrant p63 Expression: Presentation With Detailed Immunohistochemical Study and FISH Analysis
Authors: Baydar Dilek Ertoy , Kulac Ibrahim , Gurel Bora , De Marzo Angelo
Published: August 2010

Prostate carcinomas showing aberrant diffuse-nuclear p63 expression are extremely rare, and there is only 1 article in the literature reporting a series of 21 such cases. We document an additional case of p63-positive prostatic adenocarcinoma in a 60-year-old man, whose diagnosis was difficult. The patient was found to have an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at a general health check-up and was referred to the hospital. His serum PSA was 4.2 ng/mL. Digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography did not reveal a lesion. Transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate detected atypical, small prostatic glands suspected for adenocarcinoma at 2 cores. However immunohistochemistry showed nuclear p63 expression in the suspicious glands. Repeat biopsy revealed only high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In the third transrectal biopsy, finding of the same atypical glands showing perineural invasion facilitated the diagnosis of malignancy. The patient underwent a radical prostatectomy. Five different small tumor foci were seen in the prostate after pathological evaluation, one of which was p63 positive and the others p63 negative. The largest of the classic p63-negative tumors showed a TMPRSS2-ERG translocation by fluorescent in situ hybridization while the p63-positive tumor did not. The authors submit that this subtype (p63-positive prostate adenocarcinoma) should be listed among the recognized rare variants of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Failure to Lyse Venous Thrombi Because of Elevated Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and 4G Polymorphism of Its Promotor Genome (The PAI-1/4G Syndrome)
Authors: Bern Murray M. , McCarthy Nancy
Published: August 2010

Plasminogen activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) inhibits plasminogen activators leading to decreased fibrinolysis and increased risk of thromboembolic disease (TED). Shifts in PAI-1 promoter genome from normal 5G>5G to 4G>5G or 4G>4G alleles are associated with overexpression of PAI-1. In this study patients with residual venous thrombi were observed to have increased PAI-1 levels and more frequent shifts to 4G alleles. Of the 26, 20 (76.9%) patients with unresolved thrombus had elevated PAI-1 values. 4G genomic shifts were found in 92.9% patients studied. Normal PAI-1 levels were found in 5 patients with 4G polymorphisms. Thus, PAI-1 is often elevated among patients with residual thrombus, with an unexpectedly high prevalence of the 4G polymorphism of the promoter genome. Patients with persistent thrombus should be considered at risk of having constituently increased PAI-1 due to genomic changes in the PAI-1 promoter genome. Hypotheses are proposed to explain those with normal PAI-1, despite having 4G polymorphisms.