bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique N-glycosylation signatures in Aβ oligomer- and lipopolysaccharide-activated human iPSC-derived microglia
Authors: Tang Xinyu , Schindler Ryan , Lucente Jacopo , Oloumi Armin , Tena Jennyfer , Harvey Danielle , Lebrilla Carlito , Zivkovic Angela , Jin Lee-Way , Maezawa Izumi
Published: November 2024

Microglia are the immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and become pro-inflammatory/activated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cell surface glycosylation plays an important role in immune cells; however, the N-glycosylation and glycosphingolipid (GSL) signatures of activated microglia are poorly understood. Here, we study comprehensive combined transcriptomic and glycomic profiles using human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived microglia (hiMG). Distinct changes in N-glycosylation patterns in amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) and LPS-treated hiMG were observed. In AβO-treated cells, the relative abundance of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) N-glycans decreased, corresponding with a downregulation of MGAT3. The sialylation of N-glycans increased in response to AβO, accompanied by an upregulation of genes involved in N-glycan sialylation (ST3GAL4 and 6). Unlike AβO-induced hiMG, LPS-induced hiMG exhibited a decreased abundance of complex-type N-glycans, aligned with downregulation of mannosidase genes (MAN1A1, MAN2A2, and MAN1C1) and upregulation of ER degradation related-mannosidases (EDEM1-3). Fucosylation increased in LPS-induced hiMG, aligned with upregulated fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) and downregulated alpha-L-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1) gene expression, while sialofucosylation decreased, aligned with upregulated neuraminidase 4 (NEU4). Inhibition of sialyation and fucosylation in AβO- and LPS-induced hiMG alleviated pro-inflammatory responses. However, the GSL profile did not exhibit significant changes in response to AβO or LPS activation. AβO- and LPS- specific glycosylation changes could contribute to impaired microglia function, highlighting glycosylation pathways as potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Critical Sustainability Transitions: Relaunching local agriculture after decline
Authors: Lopez-Merino Pedro , Zeppini Paolo , Lazaric Nathalie
Published: November 2024

After decades of agricultural modernization that globalized production , distribution and consumption of food, the beginning of the XXI century has witnessed growing demand for locally-sourced food. This paper presents a stylized model of land-use to explore the potential for reterrito-rialization of food systems, inspired by trends observed in different territories. Using a framework based on phase transitions of collective behaviors, our simulations show the existence of two equilibria and a double transition pattern: an initial critical shift leading to the near-total decline of agriculture, mirroring current local situations (decline), followed by a subsequent opposite transition toward a new equilibrium where agriculture regains significance (relaunch). We extend the model by incorporating network effects, which considerably bolster the dynamics of the relaunch equilibrium. Our findings highlight that sustainability transitions involving collective action are not gradual, but exhibit the non-linear patterns of phase transitions in statistical mechanics. Key model parameters are analyzed as policy levers for a ‘reterritorialization’ of agriculture, aiming to enhance the resilience of local food systems.
Advanced Analysis of Spatiotemporal Behaviors of Modal Structures and Couplings for Plasma Tomography
Authors: Yamasaki Kotaro , Fujisawa Akihide , Nagashima Yoshihiko , Moon Chanho , Kosuga Yusuke , Sasaki Makoto , Nishimura Daiki , Kobayashi T-K. , Kawachi Yuichi , Inagaki Shigeru , Kasuya Naohiro , Yamada Takuma
Published: November 2024

Advanced methods, based on the Fourier-Rectangular Function (FRF) series expansion (K. Yamasaki et al., J.Appl. Phys. 126 043304 (2019)), are proposed to analyze plasma images obtained with tomography. The method is applied to images of the entire cross-section of a cylindrical plasma that is dominated by an oscillatory state. The oscillations are characterized by an azimuthal mode of m = 4 (mother mode), whose spatial pattern is modulated by producing child modes (m = 3 and m = 5) through the nonlinear coupling with m = 1 mode (farther mode). The proposed methods identify the spatiotemporal properties of the modes and their nonlinear coupling propagation along the amplitude trajectory of the father mode. Here, we report the newly developed analysis methods for tomography images and their capabilities to uncover underlying processes in the oscillatory state of turbulent plasmas.
Comprehensive map of the regulatory network triggered by MET exon 14 skipping reveals important involvement of the RAS-ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Tulasne David , Truong Marie-José , Pawlak Geoffrey , Meneboo Jean-Pascal , Sebda Shéhérazade , Fernandes Marie , figeac martin , Elati Mohamed
Published: November 2024

The MET exon 14 skipping mutation (named METex14del) described in lung cancer leads to prolonged activation of signaling pathways and aberrant cell responses, but the link between HGF signaling and cell responses remains unclear. A putative lung cancer regulatory network of influential transcription factors was constructed from the transcriptomes of lung cancer cell lines. Transcriptomic data from METex14del-expressing cells, stimulated or not by HGF, were mapped onto this lung cancer reference network and revealed activation of a major regulatory node composed mainly by the highly influential transcription factors ETS1, FOSL1 and SMAD3. HGF activation of METex14del receptor induced the expression and phosphorylation of these three master regulators and the expression of their predicted target genes involved in migration and invasion. All these molecular and biological effects were inhibited by trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, which was potentiated by combination with capmatinib, a MET inhibitor. New mapping with transcriptomic data from trametinib-treated METex14del cells validated the key role of the RAS-ERK pathway signaling in the activation of ETS1, FOSL1 and SMAD3 regulators and the induction of their target genes in HGF-activated METex14del receptor. Thus, we report an original and powerful strategy to uncover key regulators, essentially transcription factors, activated by specific signaling pathways, which can provide a novel therapeutic strategy using a combination of receptor and signaling inhibitors.
Are AI weather models learning atmospheric physics? A sensitivity analysis of cyclone Xynthia
Authors: Baño-Medina Jorge , Sengupta Agniv , Doyle James D. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Watson-Parris Duncan , Monache Luca Delle
Published: November 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) weather models are explored for initial condition sensitivity studies to analyze the physicality of the relationships learned. Gradients (or sensitivities) of the target metric of interest are computed with respect to the variable fields at initial time by means of the backpropagation algorithm and gradient descent, which do not assume linear perturbation growth. Here, sensitivities from an AI model at 36-hour lead time were compared to those produced by an adjoint of a dynamical model for an extreme weather event, cyclone Xynthia, presenting very similar structures and with the evolved perturbations leading to similar impacts. This demonstrates the ability of the AI model to learn physically-meaningful spatio-temporal links between atmospheric processes. These findings should enable researchers to conduct initial condition studies in minutes, potentially at lead times into the non-linear regime (typically > 5 days), with important applications in observing network design and the study of atmospheric dynamics.
Albumin replacement reduces mortality in hypoalbuminemic rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia
Authors: Barbeiro Hermes Vieira , Catanozi Sérgio , Barbeiro Denise Frediani , Lorigados Clara Batista , Passarelli Marisa , Soriano Francisco Garcia
Published: November 2024

Background: Hypoalbuminemia may influence the clinical response and mortality induced by endotoxemia. Sepsis impairs adequate tissue perfusion, and early volume resuscitation by albumin or crystalloid administration is critical for clinical outcomes and survival.
Methods: This study analyzed in hypoalbuminemic rats the effects of endotoxemia on vascular reactivity, cardiac function, oxidative and inflammatory profile, and survival. In addition, mortality was accessed after albumin replacement. Endotoxemia was induced in male Sprague Dawley (SD) or Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) using either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), with or without subsequent albumin replacement. Survival rates were assessed every 8 h for 5 days following LPS injection. Hemodynamic evaluations were conducted 4 hours post-LPS injection by measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dP/dtmax, and dP/dtmin. Vascular reactivity of aortic rings was recorded 4 hours post-LPS. Oxidative stress, measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and cytokine levels, determined by ELISA, were assessed at 1.5 and 4 hours post-LPS injection. Comparisons among groups were performed using ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey-Kramer analysis
Results: Survival rates were lower in NAR+LPS (25%) and NAR+CLP (10%) compared to SD+LPS (80%) and SD+CLP (40%), but albumin replacement improved survival in NAR+LPS (25%) as compared to NAR+LPS+ALB (55%). Severe hemodynamic impairments, including reduced cardiac function and vascular reactivity, were observed in NAR+LPS. Baseline and post-LPS plasma levels of TBARS and nitric oxide were elevated in NAR, while TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 were higher in SD+LPS compared to NAR+LPS.
Discussion: Subgroup analysis of studies with volume infusion suggests that septic patients with hypoalbuminemia may benefit from albumin infusion during shock. To further investigate the role of prior hypoalbuminemia in septic shock and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, we conducted a translational study bridging clinical findings with experimental research. The results demonstrate that hypoalbuminemia cause alterations in endothelial and vascular muscle function as well as cardiac dysfunction.
Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia in rats increase mortality from endotoxemia, associated with severe cardiovascular dysfunction and oxidative stress. Albumin replacement in hypoalbuminemic rats reduced mortality in endotoxemia-induced sepsis.
A Novel Hybrid Differential Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Multi-objective Distributed Permutation Flow-shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Du Xinzhe , Zhou Yanping
Published: November 2024

The Distributed Permutation Flow-shop Scheduling Problem (DPFSP) is a classic issue in distributed scheduling that involves job allocation and processing order within a factory, and it is known to be NP-hard. Numerous researchers have proposed various intelligent optimization algorithms to address the DPFSP; however, achieving solutions of sufficient quality to meet production practice requirements remains challenging. To tackle the multi-objective DPFSP, this paper proposes a novel hybrid differential evolutionary algorithm aimed at minimizing both the maximum completion time and delay time. In this algorithm, Bernoulli chaotic mapping is applied during the population initialization process to enhance the diversity of the initial population. Additionally, an adaptive mutation factor and crossover rate are designed to balance the global and local search capabilities of the algorithm. Furthermore, a novel selection strategy is constructed based on the NEH algorithm, specular reflection learning, and Pareto dominance relation to improve the quality of the solution set when solving instances of varying sizes. This strategy enhances the algorithm's optimization ability and helps it escape local optima. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified through 24 instances of different sizes. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other improved algorithms in terms of convergence, and the uniformity and diversity of the solution set, making it an effective solution for the multi-objective distributed permutation flow-shop scheduling problem.
Synthesis of metal-on-carbon catalysts based on polyvinyl chloride and their investigation in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of n-pentanal
Authors: Chumachenko Yulia , Saybulina Elina , Muromtsev Ivan , Gulyaeva Tatyana , Trenikhin Mikhail , Gorbunova Oxana , Raiskaya Eugenia , Belskaya Olga
Published: November 2024

A porous carbon material (PCM) and series of porous cobalt-carbon composite materials (PCoCCMs) with different metal content have been synthesized by dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride and mixtures of Co(NO3)2 with polyvinyl chloride, respectively, followed by carbonization and activation in CO2 flow at temperatures of 673 and 1173 K. These materials were used to obtain supported palladium catalysts. The effect of cobalt content on catalytic performance in the reaction of liquid-phase hydrogenation of n-pentanal was analyzed. It was found that all Pd/PCoCCMs samples with cobalt content of 18.5–64.2 wt%, with a minimum micropore number of 52–66% and that of surface acidic groups of 0.05–0.15 mmol g− 1 are more active than the Pd/PCM sample with a maximum micropore number of 88% and that of surface acidic groups of 0.30 mmol g− 1. The highest n-pentanal conversion of 96 wt% and 70 wt% selectivity to 1 − pentanol were obtained for a catalyst with cobalt content of 25.3 wt% at reaction time of 6 h, temperature of 353 K, and hydrogen pressure of 1.0 MPa. A multi-cycle experimental study of the catalyst showed its reduced activity and increased selectivity to the products of acetalization, self-condensation and etherification. In general, the results obtained open up prospects for creating catalysts based on the available synthetic organic raw material.
Suicidal thoughts and their relationship with sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Baldini Valentina , Varallo Giorgia , Liguori Rocco , Rapelli Giada , Stefano Ramona Di , Scorza Maristella , Rubichi Sandro , Ronchi Diana , Plazzi Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive motor and respiratory dysfunction. Psychological disorders, including depression and suicidal ideation, frequently accompany severe chronic illnesses; however, in the context of SMA, evidence is scant. This study aimed to assess the presence of suicidal thoughts among SMA patients and to explore their associations with sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and overall quality of life.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 50 adults with SMA in Italy. Participants aged 18–65 with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of 5qSMA were asked to complete a set of questionnaires comprising the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36), and additional sociodemographic and clinical information.
Results
Complete data were obtained for 50 patients. The sample was stratified into two groups based on the presence or absence of suicidal thoughts, as indicated by the PHQ-9. Female gender was the most represented in the group with suicidal thoughts (70%) with a mean age of 40. Suicidal thoughts were significantly associated with PSQI (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 0.14–1.34, p = 0.002), PHQ-9 (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.12–0.36, p = 0.009) and SF-36 (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.01-0.0, p = 0.007).
Conclusions
In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a significant relationship between poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in adults with SMA. Specifically, individuals reporting poorer sleep quality were more likely to experience heightened depressive symptoms, which, in turn, were strongly associated with the presence of suicidal thoughts. These results highlight the importance of addressing both sleep disturbances and mental health issues in this population to mitigate the risk of suicidal thoughts and improve overall quality of life.
The Potential Benefits Ponds Offer as Nature-Based Solutions in the Rural Areas of Gwadar, Baluchistan: A Call for New Policy Directions
Authors: Ahmed Pazeer , Usmani Nadeem Ahmad
Published: November 2024

The rural ponds in Gwadar district provide clean drinking water for the local inhabitants and their livestock. They also serve as small-scale water storage, helping to prevent flash floods and providing a vital water source for agriculture in drought-prone rural areas. In this context, the current research assesses the vital role ponds play as nature-based solutions (NBS) in sustaining local communities, conserving biodiversity, and protecting the environment in the study area. The water source for the ponds was surface run-off, with a catchment area of less than 8 km2. The average depth was 1.95 m, the surface area was 10670 m2, and the pond volume was 11 acre-feet. Locals were interviewed about the details of ponds. In order to assess the quality of pond water, 26 water samples from different ponds were collected, and the physicochemical parameters (TDS, EC, and pH) of the pond water were recorded in situ. The TDS values of the samples rose from 170 mg/l to 1200 mg/l within an average of 463 ppm, and the EC values varied from 240 µS/cm to 1550 µS/cm within an average of 702 µS/cm, whereas the average pH was 7.4 and varied from 7.1 to 8. Analytical findings indicate that the pond water is fresh. Despite the longstanding role of ponds in supporting the local community of Gwadar for over a century and their potential use as NBS, these water bodies continue to receive almost no attention in provincial and federal water policy and environmental regulations in Baluchistan, Pakistan
Patient and Parent Satisfaction after Surgical Repair of Concealed Penis in Children
Authors: Mehrez Amr , Gamal Osama El , Omar Mohamed Adel , Elmaadawy Mohamed , Nagla Salah
Published: November 2024

Background: Concealed penis in children is a morbid condition that needs special attention due to its negative psychological impact on both parents and patients. It represents a unique challenge due to the multifactorial nature of its etiology that requires different surgical approaches tailored to each case.
The aim of this study was to evaluate parents’ satisfaction after surgical repair of concealed penis in children.
Methods: The study was carried out on male patients, aged <18 years, diagnosed with concealed penis. All patients were subjected to repair of concealed penis. Adolescents and parents’ satisfaction were measured 3 months after concealed penis repair by 4 tools including a pre-validated questionnaire to evaluate outcome of the surgical treatment, the pediatric penile perception score for penile morphology, the patient’s global impressions of improvement scale, and rating the satisfaction with the final penile appearance by an expert independent urologist.
Results: There was a significant negative correlation between the age of children and the global impressions of improvement (r=-0.358; P=0.038) (better levels of parents’ satisfaction are associated with lower age group of children). The mean exposed penile length was significantly higher after surgical correction of concealed penis (P = <0.001). Postoperative satisfaction with penile morphology according to obesity and circumcision before surgical repair was significantly different between patients (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Surgical repair of concealed penis is generally safe and feasible with high rate of excellent surgical outcomes. It has good functional and cosmetic results with low rate of postoperative complications and achieve high grades of parents satisfaction.
Analysis method for operating error of electric energy meter based on improved fruit fly algorithm model
Authors: Xingliang Cheng , Mingli Zhou , Xiaojun Li , Tongyang Zou , Siyu Men , Lin Chen
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the error analysis ability of electricity meters, this study proposes an improved fruit fly algorithm model. optimizes the parameters and weights of the long and short-term memory network through the fruit fly algorithm, which can improve the accuracy and The model optimizes the parameters and weights of the long and short-term memory network through the fruit fly algorithm, which can improve the accuracy and ability of electricity prediction; Attention mechanism is introduced in LSTM neural network to screen for more influential error causes. experimental results show that the operating error of the electric energy meter using this method is less than 5%, and the testing accuracy can reach 99.32%. The experimental results show that the operating error of the electric energy meter using this method is less than 5%, and the testing accuracy can reach 99.32%.
Prevalence and predictors of caesarean section delivery among pregnant women delivering at a tertiary hospital in South-Western Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Agaba Adam , Ategeka Emmanuel , Mfitumukiza Valence , Nyeko Filbert , Namyalo Desire , Mary Amito Paula , Tamu Munezero , Okafor Christiana Nkiru , Daniel Nyanzi , Napyo Agnes
Published: November 2024

Background

Caesarean section delivery has played a key role in reducing maternal and perinatal mortality when offered where it is medically indicated. Caesarean section delivery rates have risen over the last 3 decades across the globe making this a public health concern. Reasons for these high rates are not known especially for South-western Uganda. We therefore aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of caesarean section delivery among women delivering at a tertiary Hospital in South-western Uganda.
Methods
This cross sectional study was done between 1st September and 30th November 2023. We reviewed and abstracted secondary data from the from the Uganda health management information system including the Integrated Maternity Register coded as HMIS 072 in the maternity ward at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital, in south-western Uganda. We abstracted data on maternal-related factors including socio-demographic – and pregnancy-related characteristics as well as foetal-related characteristics Data were analysed using Stata version 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA.). We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression models.
Results
The prevalence of caesarean section delivery in this study is 47.9% (n=457/955) (95%CI: 44.6% - 51.1%). The indications for a caesarean section were previous uterine scar, prolonged labour, foetal distress, premature rupture of membranes, and inadequate pelvis among others. Predictors for caesarean section delivery include: 1) maternal-related characteristics included: having attained a tertiary level of education (APR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.55 – 0.96), having a careered profession (APR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.05 – 1.77), belonging to other ethnic groups that are not predominant in the study setting (APR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.09 – 1.64). 2) foetal-related factors included: multiple pregnancy (APR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.43 – 2.48) and foetus in a position other than the left or right occipital anterior (APR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.18 – 2.78)
Conclusions and recommendations.
The prevalence of caesarean section remains alarmingly high. We recommend that keen attention should be given to pregnant women during health education especially those that do not understand the predominantly used language during the sessions. We also recommend caesarean section audits done for all women that have been referred from lower health facilities to deliver at this tertiary hospital especially for women with a previous uterine scar
Generative Image Steganography Based on Point Cloud
Authors: Zhong Yangjie , Liu Jia , Liu Meiqi , Ke Yan , Zhang Minqing
Published: November 2024

In deep steganography, the model size is usually related to the underlying mesh resolution, and a separate neural network needs to be trained as a message extractor. In this paper, we propose a generative image steganography based on point cloud representation, which represents image data as a point cloud, learns the distribution of the point cloud data, and represents it in the form of a continuous function. This method breaks through the limitation of the image resolution, and can generate images with arbitrary resolution according to the actual need, and omits the need for explicit data for image steganography. At the same time, using a fixed point cloud extractor transfers the training of the network to the point cloud data, which saves the training time and avoids the risk of exposing the steganography behavior caused by the transmission of the message extractor. Experiments prove that the steganographic images generated by the scheme have very high image quality and the accuracy of message extraction reaches more than 99%.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia exacerbates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Zhang Ming , Jiang Hongfeng , Fang Fang
Published: November 2024

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is marked by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and is associated with multiple cardiovascular complications. Isoproterenol (ISO) is commonly used to induce cardiac hypertrophy. However, the impact of CIH on ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling remains unclear.
Methods
Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice using ISO, with or without CIH. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac functions, while histological analyses were employed to evaluate the physiological modifications in the heart. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA gene expression levels, respectively. Additionally, immunofluorescence was employed to observe the morphological changes in H9C2 cells.
Results
CIH exacerbated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiac pathological alterations in mice. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was elevated in both mice and H9C2 cells in the CIH + ISO group. Additionally, CIH worsened the inhibitory effects of ISO on cell proliferation.
Conclusions
CIH exhibits a negative effect on ISO-treated mice, leading to an exacerbation of cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, and apoptosis.
Excess iodine promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma through the AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Siyu , Ding Peisen , Yu Xiaomeng , Xing Zhilei , Cui Yushan , Liu Hongliang
Published: November 2024

The incidence of thyroid cancer in the world is increasing year by year, among which PTC accounts for more than 80%. Iodine is an essential trace element for thyroid hormone synthesis, but the relationship between excessive iodine and thyroid cancer is not clear. This study assumes that high iodine intake is related to the occurrence of thyroid cancer, and may affect the cell cycle through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and promote the progress of cancer. The human PTC cell line TPC-1 was treated with different concentrations of potassium iodide (KI) to evaluate its effect on cell proliferation and migration. The results showed that an appropriate concentration of KI (such as 10-3 mM) could significantly enhance the proliferation of TPC-1 cells, and a high concentration of KI(≥1 mM) might inhibit cell proliferation. In addition, the expression of key proteins in the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway (such as p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-P706k) was up-regulated in TPC-1 cells treated with high iodine, indicating that the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was activated. After the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 was used, the cell proliferation and migration ability decreased significantly, and cell cycle analysis showed that more cells treated with high iodine entered the S phase, while the proportion of cells in the G1 phase increased after LY294002 treatment. To sum up, this study provides preliminary evidence that an appropriate amount of KI affects cell proliferation and migration by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing Cyclin D1 overexpression, thus promoting the development of PTC cell line TPC-1. This study is of great significance for understanding the relationship between excessive iodine intake and thyroid cancer and developing new prevention and treatment strategies.
The Aerodynamics of Sharp- and Filet-Edged Cylinders in High Supersonic Flow
Authors: Duchene Travis , Laurence Stuart
Published: November 2024

To develop a physical understanding and accurate trajectory models for atmospheric re-entry objects like space debris, the influence of the flight attitude on the aerodynamic coefficients of cylindrical bodies in high-speed flow is of interest. Experiments were conducted in a Mach-4 Ludweig tube at The University of Maryland to study the aerodynamics of cylinders with varying aspect ratios and edge sharpness. A free-flight technique with a high-speed object tracking apparatus was used that allows unconstrained model motion, free of any sting interference, over a full range of angle of attack. A piece-wise analytic function for the model outline combined with a subpixel edge-detection routine allowed measurements of the aerodynamic coefficients based on the 4-degrees-of-freedom model motion. Experimental results were compared to modified Newtonian flow solutions, with generally good agreement. The influence of the angle of attack on the aerodynamic loading was determined to vary strongly according to the aspect ratio and edge radius. In the case of sharp-edged cylinders, increasing the aspect ratio led to an increase in both the flight region for positive lift and larger regions of dynamic stability. By adding curvature to the cylinder base edges, the location of the statically stable trim points occur at the fully-base-exposed and fully-body-exposed orientations. It was also found that the flight attitude region for which the cylinder was dynamically stable was expanded due to the addition of edge curvature. Further, as the aspect ratio was increased for these curved edged cylinders, the magnitude of the moment coefficient increased noticeably.
Emotion Identification Among Typically-Developing Children and Children with Autism May be Facilitated by Environmental Contexts
Authors: Kline Nathan T. , Blumberg Fran C.
Published: November 2024

Purpose This study, which was a follow-up to a previous work with young adult participants, examined whether the visual information provided by extra-facial stimuli (i.e., human bodies and contextual surroundings) affected emotion-identification accuracy among TD children and children with an autism spectrum disorder.Methods Participants were 25 children with autism spectrum disorder (Mage = 8.72) and 25 typically-developing children (Mage = 8.08), who identified emotions (fear, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise) from photographs. Stimuli developed in a previous study were used, which included head-only, whole-body, and whole-body-in-context (e.g., a person in a store) visuals. Participants viewed the images on a computer and identified the emotions.Results Findings showed that mean emotion-recognition accuracy among both typically-developing children and children with autism was the highest on whole-body-in-context images and lowest on head-only images. Typically-developing children significantly outperformed the children with autism on head-only and whole-body images. No significant differences between groups on whole-body-in-context images were found.Conclusion These findings indicate that emotion recognition in both typically-developing children and children with autism may be facilitated by extra-facial visual information. These results may have implications for real-world skill application and future measurement and interventions, especially for those with ASD.
Application of PGRs improves the grain size of Eragrostis Tef by optimizing tiller production
Authors: Girmay Fano Dargo , Flavel Richard J. , Nonhebel Heather M.
Published: November 2024

Eragrostis tef is a small annual cereal crop that naturally produces many tillers. In the past, there has been a focus on selecting for high tillering. However, having many tillers can negatively impact grain size, increase lodging, and result in uneven grain maturation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using plant growth regulators (PGRs), synthetic strigolactone (GR24) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to reduce tillering and observe their effects on grain size and yield components. The reduction in total tiller number through the application of GR24 and NAA resulted in larger grains, increased thousand-grain weight (TGW), and higher yield per panicle. The GR24 and NAA treatments led to a 12% and 8% increase in grain size and a 20% and 14% increase in TGW, respectively. Although grain yield increased with reduced tiller number, a significant reduction in tiller number could lead to lower grain yield. The application of GR24 and NAA significantly reduced the rate of tiller emergence but did not completely stop tillering. The effect of PGRs was only temporary and limited to the application period; after the treatment ceased, many tiller buds were activated and elongated. Early application of PGRs when the plant had 2-4 tillers and more frequent and longer duration of application resulted in a significant reduction in total tiller number. This suggests that large-scale application of SL and auxin on farmers' fields may not be economical. Therefore, identification of tiller inhibition genes or genetic modification leading to increased SL production or activation of SL downstream could be effective in teff.
A Novel Framework for Adaptive Neural Contextual Modulation in Large Language Models
Authors: Higasigi Hiroto , Nagamori Tatsuya , Kuroyanagi Takumi , Toyokawa Ryunosuke , Higashiyama Shoma , Komatsu Haruto
Published: November 2024

Modern artificial intelligence systems have faced persistent challenges in adapting dynamically to evolving linguistic contexts, particularly in tasks requiring precision and domain-specific comprehension. Adaptive Neural Contextual Modulation represents a novel framework designed to overcome such limitations through the introduction of auxiliary neural pathways that dynamically recalibrate attention mechanisms to maintain contextual coherence and semantic alignment. The approach integrates seamlessly into transformer architectures, achieving enhanced adaptability without significant computational trade-offs. Rigorous experimental validation demonstrates its superiority across benchmarks, including improved performance in cross-domain generalization, contextual reconfigurability, and long-form text coherence. These results suggest the potential of the proposed framework to redefine the adaptability of language models, paving the way for their application in increasingly complex and specialized scenarios.
Numerical Differentiation by Integrated Series Expansion (NDBISE) in the Context of Ordinary Differential Equation Estimation Problems
Authors: Strebel Oliver
Published: November 2024

Parameter or model estimation of ordinary differential equations (ODE) nowadays frequently involves the numerical calculation of derivatives from noisy data. This study presents a novel differentiation method (NDBISE) for such calculations. The method was benchmarked against 57 differential equations and compared to five numerical differentiation methods: central finite differences, numerical derivatives using the Friedrichs mollifier, weak differentiation using this mollifier, first order polynomial approximation and spectral derivatives. For the latter method, a novel criterion is presented that allows the determination of the low pass filter parameter. The hyperparameters of all these methods are optimized in order to get a reasonable comparison. The resilience against larger noise or fewer data points per time interval is examined. It turns out that the novel method is overall superior to the other methods. The derivative for the 42 real world data points of the Hudson bay lynx hare data (years 1900-1920) is also calculated. The results match the derivative of a curve fit to the data points astonishingly close. Using a Savitsky-Golay filter, the method can be leveraged, to calculate second and third order derivatives, so that the results are close to the theoretically expected outcome. The paper references a GitHub project that contains code and an application manual to reproduce all figures of the result section from ODE state data.
Dynamic Neural Pathway Synthesis for Large Language Model Processing Using Modular Semantic Encoding
Authors: Rachwan John , Greystoke Pascal , Lewis Matthew , Hollingberry Oswin
Published: November 2024

Recent innovations in computational linguistics have demonstrated the need for adaptive frameworks capable of processing diverse and contextually rich semantic inputs. Addressing this challenge, the introduction of Dynamic Neural Pathway Synthesis (DNPS) offers a groundbreaking approach that dynamically reconfigures neural architectures to align with specific linguistic tasks, overcoming the inherent limitations of static architectures. Through a comprehensive methodological framework, DNPS enables modular semantic encoding and real-time pathway adjustments, facilitating efficient and accurate processing across a wide array of tasks. Empirical evaluations reveal that DNPS-enhanced models exhibit superior adaptability, improved performance metrics, and robust handling of complex and noisy data compared to traditional architectures. These findings highlight the transformative potential of DNPS in advancing the capabilities of large language models, with implications spanning multiple applications, including translation systems, domain-specific data processing, and conversational artificial intelligence. The study establishes DNPS as a significant advancement in computational linguistics, bridging theoretical innovation with practical utility.
Adaptive Graph-Based Neural Signatures for Autonomous Ransomware Detection
Authors: Friehauf Daniel , King Anthony , Oakley Bastian , Wright Robert , Caraway David
Published: November 2024

The increasing sophistication and frequency of cyber threats have exposed critical vulnerabilities in traditional detection mechanisms, particularly against rapidly evolving forms of malicious software. A novel approach is presented, leveraging graph-based neural architectures to dynamically identify complex patterns indicative of malicious activities while adapting seamlessly to emerging threats. The proposed Adaptive Graph-Based Neural Signature (AGNS) framework integrates advanced graph construction techniques with neural processing to achieve precise, real-time ransomware detection. Experimental evaluations demonstrate significant improvements in detection accuracy, precision, and adaptability compared to conventional methods, showing the framework's robustness in diverse and challenging operational scenarios. Additionally, the inclusion of adaptive learning mechanisms enables the system to maintain effectiveness against novel attack vectors, addressing key challenges in scalability and resilience. The results affirm the practicality of AGNS as a transformative solution for automated cybersecurity defenses, advancing the state-of-the-art in adaptive threat detection.
RDW/Albumin ratio (RAR) in premature retinopathy: Evaluation of disease risk and progression
Authors: caliskan busra , yıldırım mustafa
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To determine the role of the RDW-Albumin ratio (RAR), an integrative biomarker of the multidimensional dysfunctional state associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and nutrition in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), in assessment of the risk of disease development and progression.
Methods: The medical records of 105 preterm infants were retrospectively analysed. All demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded. The population was divided into three subgroups as ROP-tx (treated), ROP-reg (regressed) and no-ROP. RDW and albumin measurements were recorded for all groups at specific time points: day 1 after birth (M1), postnatal 1 month (M2), and postnatal 2 months or before treatment (M3). RDW/Albumin ratios were calculated and risk analyses were performed between subgroups.
Results: In all measurements at the specified times, mean RDW values were highest in the ROP-Tx group and lowest in the NO-ROP group, with a gradual decreasing trend. In contrast, albumin levels were lowest in the ROP-Tx group and showed a gradual increase in the other groups.
When the mean RAR values were analysed in all measurements, the highest values were observed in the ROP-Tx group. (Mean RAR values of the ROP-Tx group: M1-RAR: 6.99, M2-RAR: 7.25, M3-RAR: 5.71. In the ROP-reg group: M1-RAR: 6.22, M2-RAR: 5.83, M3-RAR: 5.20. The lowest values were observed in the No-ROP group: M1-RAR: 5.62, M2-RAR: 5.48, M3-RAR: 4.86 ).
When the groups were evaluated independently, the time course of the mean RAR values was analysed. In the ROP-Tx group, a peak was observed at postnatal month 1, followed by a decline. In the ROP-reg and No-ROP groups, a gradually decreasing RAR curve was observed. All these results were statistically significant (p<0.05)
Conclusion: High levels of RAR have been shown to be significantly associated with the risk of development and progression of ROP in preterm infants. RAR has been proposed as an important biomarker in retinopathy of prematurity, reflecting a complex situation related to inflammation, oxidative stress and nutrition.
Exploring the Relationship between NDT and DT Techniques in Concrete: Linear and Non-linear Models
Authors: Patel Arun Kumar
Published: November 2024

The present study involves the development of a correlation of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Destructive Testing (DT) techniques for evaluation of concrete strength. The models selected are Polynomial model (1 to 8 order),Exponential(1 to 2 order), Gaussian( 1 to 2 order), Sum of Sine( 1 to 8 order) and Sigmoidal(Logistic and Gompertz) were the present study. Concrete with grade from M10 to M40 were used for investigation, First the compressive strength is determine by NDT by measuring surface hardness using a rebound hammer. After that same sample were tested by DT using compressive testing machine. There is allot of variation in compressive strength measurement by DT and NDT methods due to various reasons such as mode, environmental, instrument use etc. Correlation is done in order overcome to determine predicated(NDT) and actual value(DT). The main conclusion can be drawn by the analysis showed good correlations in polynomial models, where SSE, the coefficients of determination (R²) and RMSE. The ranged of SSE, R2 and RMSE various from 0.51 to 0.466, 0.96 to 0.973 and 0.05 to 0.0451 respectively. From the various models it is clear that only polynomial Model higher order percentage difference of error had shown decreases in SSE and RSME by 86% to 92% respectively. From the variation it is clear as once increases the order of curve its accuracy increases therefore complex behavior between DT and NDT, Actual V/S Predation required high level of precaution is required. This can be used to prove that the NDT, when calibrated on DT data, allows for accurate estimation of concrete strength with very low intrusion and time investment. The study highlights how advanced mathematical models can facilitate more accurate predictions for concrete strength—which may decisively determine the safety and durability of larger engineering works.
Diagnostics of the temperature condition of cast iron melting in induction furnaces by the content of SiO2 and CaO in slag
Authors: Penziev Pavlo , Lavryk Yevhen
Published: November 2024

The object of the research: temperature conditions for melting cast iron in induction crucible furnaces for machine-building castings.
Investigated problem: incorrect selection of temperature conditions for melting cast iron in induction crucible furnaces with acid lining or deviation from the rational temperature conditions cause the risk of chemical wear of the lining. It can be caused by the interaction of the melt and slag with the lining. If the possibilities of continuous temperature control are limited and, for this reason, the possibilities of rational control of the melting process are limited, then the problem of assessing the state of the process and the risk of lining wear arises.
The main scientific results: a mathematical description of the diagnostic rule for assessing the temperature conditions for melting cast iron in induction furnaces was obtained. It is a linear discriminant function of two variables, the value of which is compared with a certain threshold. Based on this comparison, it is possible to assess the temperature conditions of the process.
The area of practical use of the results of the study: the obtained results can be used in foundries of industrial enterprises equipped with induction crucible furnaces, in which castings from cast iron are made.
Innovative technological product: a diagnostic rule that allows for an indirect assessment of the melting temperature regime based on the SiO2 and CaO content in the slag. This diagnostic rule can be part of a decision support system in the process of induction melting control or integrated with the melting control system.
The scope of the innovative technological product: technological processes of induction melting of cast iron at the level of an element of the system or the melting control process
Examining market volatility arbitrage in cryptocurrencies with the perspective of Beldex coin trading dynamics in India
Authors: Namachivayam Jayanthi , Sampath Prabhu , Durairaj Umamaheswari , Muthukumaran Harikumaran
Published: November 2024

Cryptocurrency trading has gained significant adhesion in financial markets, making it essential to understand the factors influencing trading intentions. This study investigates the psychological and knowledge-based determinants of trading intentions towards Beldex coins among crypto traders in India. This study aims to evaluate how risk management, hedonic motivation, investment desire, market knowledge, peer participation, and earning desires impact trading intentions. A survey was conducted with 369 crypto traders in India, and multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the data. The results indicate that all six factors significantly influence trading intentions, with risk management (β = 0.342, p < 0.001) and earning desires (β = 0.378, p < 0.001) having the strongest impact on Indian Cryptocurrency market arbitrage. The regression model explained 53% of the variance in trading intentions (R² = 0.53). Cryptocurrency market information is analyzed through the CoinGecko tool that provides charts, market capitalization, and blockchain data; multiple regression analysis is utilized to test the hypothesized relationships. This study reveals that traders’ investment decisions in cryptocurrencies are primarily driven by financial motivations, including potential high returns, diversification, and inflation hedging, as well as technological factors of decentralized finance, blockchain technology, and digitalized transactions.
AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to convey their gratitude to Prof. Balakumar Pitchai, Director/Research, Training & Publications at the Office of Research & Development, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), India for his suggestions to improve the language of the manuscript.
A case report of lymphosarcoma in an aquarium fish – red swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii
Authors: GUZ LESZEK , PUK KRZYSZTOF , PASTUSZKA ANNA , ŁOPUSZYŃSKI WOJCIECH
Published: November 2024

A male red swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii with a large tumour in its branchial cavity was described in this study. The tumour, diagnosed as lymphosarcoma, grew rapidly, was pale yellow-white, hard in texture, and well-differentiated. It primarily infiltrated the gills and showed no visible metastasis. Histopathology of the tumour mass revealed dense sheets of tight compacted pleomorphic, round neoplastic cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, exhibiting mild to moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Nuclei were generally round with fine granular chromatin. Mitotic figures were abundant. The precise aetiology of the tumour is unknown. The single occurrence of a tumour in this fish suggests that it developed spontaneously.