bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the prospects for democracy in Africa and on the impediments to that happening
Authors: Schultz David
Published: August 2019

Approximately a half-century after the end of colonialism few countries in Africa have established long-term stable democracies. Instead, the last 50 years have witnessed either repeated failures or even regression or departure from the path to democracy. This article seeks to examine why. It discusses the current continent-wide state of and prospects for democracy in Africa in light of leading theories on democratic development. Part one of the article examines the western concept of democracy for the purposes of definition and suitability for Africa. It then describes both the values and requisites for a democracy to exist, including the socio-economic and institutional structures required. The article then draws upon a unique database constructed here that examines the relationship between democracy, economic development, poverty, and GDP, among other cross-national aggregate data. The article concludes with what ta discussion of what factors seems to be missing to entrench democracy across Africa, and observations regarding the impediments remaining to forming democratic regimes on this continent.
Multi-objective optimization of active suspension predictive control based on improved PSO algorithm
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Zhu Baoquan
Published: August 2019

The design and control for active suspension is of great significance for improving the vehicle performance, which requires considering simultaneously three indexes including ride comfort, packaging requirements and road adaptability. To find optimal suspension parameters and provide a better tradeoff among these three performances, this paper presents a novel multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for the suspension design. The mathematical model of quarter-car suspension is first established, and it integrates the hydraulic servo actuator model. Further a model predictive controller is designed for the suspension by using the control strategies of multi-step forecast, rolling optimization and online correction of predictive control theory. To use vehicle body acceleration, tire deflection and suspension stroke to represent the above three performances respectively, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed to optimize the suspension stiffness and damping coefficients. The MPSO algorithm includes extra crossover operations, which are applied to find the Pareto optimal set. The rule to update the Pareto pool is that the newly selected solutions must have two better performances compared with at least one already existed in the Pareto pool, which ensures that each solution is non-dominated within the Pareto set. Finally, numerical simulations on a vehicle-type example are done under B-level road surface excitation. Simulation results show that the optimized suspension can effectively reduce the vertical vibrations and improve the road adaptability. The model predictive controller also shows high robustness with vehicle under null load, half load and full load. Therefore, the proposed MPSO algorithm provides a new valuable reference for the multi-objective optimization of active suspension control.
Analysis of dynamics of a scaled PRT (personal rapid transit) vehicle
Authors: Kozłowski Maciej
Published: August 2019

This publication provides a discussion concerning research aimed to analyse running properties of PRT vehicles. A PRT vehicle is guideway vehicle equipped with rubber-tyred wheels, running on a flat subgrade guideway of special design. The guideway cross-section is similar to that of a C-shaped beam with two outer limiting edges. This specific design characteristic of the running system of PRT vehicles distinguishes them from typical rail vehicles, where the latter can move along the track by the action of a unit referred to as the centring mechanism, operating at the contact of profiled wheels with the running rail head. In a PRT vehicle, the typical railway centring mechanism has been removed and substituted with a system of outer and inner rollers, forming what is referred to as a passive switch system, responsible for carrying the vehicle along the guideway and within the boundaries delimited by its edges by the action of the rollers’ contact forces. Compared to railway infrastructure, this system is characterised by different dynamic properties, and it has not been sufficiently researched yet. The goal of this article is to analyse motion stability of a PRT vehicle with a passive switch system and having the following structural features: wheel sets with beams turning against the vehicle body and independently revolving wheels, non-turning rubber-tyred and non-profiled wheels rolling on a flat surface, and a set of outer and inner rollers performing the passive switch system’s functions. The paper describes a PRT vehicle simulation model. It has been assumed that the model’s design and parameters describe a scaled vehicle/guideway system whose physical model is actually set at a laboratory testing station on premises of the Warsaw University of Technology. The article provides results of simulation studies of motion stability pertaining to the following characteristics: radial positioning, yawing, sticking to the guideway edge, self-excited vibrations of wheel sets as well as free vibrations. It also discusses results of an analysis of sensitivity of the model’s parameters against selected control parameters (model’s design parameters) and assessment indicators which describe the intensity of the yaw type torsional vibrations of wheel sets. The article closes with a discussion on the potential to use the results of the tests conducted under the study on the scaled vehicles in question for purposes of vehicles of real-life dimensions.
Geotechnical monitoring and safety assessment of large-span triple tunnels using drilling and blasting method
Authors: Li Ran , Zhang Dingli , Fang Qian , Li Ao , Hong Xuefei , Ma Xuebo
Published: August 2019

The excavation of large-span triple tunnels using drilling and blasting method inevitably causes complicated load transfer effects and induces potentially damaging ground vibrations. In this study, the structural responses (including the surrounding rock pressure, normal-contact pressure between the primary and secondary linings, internal forces in the secondary lining) and the seismic responses (including peak particle velocity and corner frequency), are systematically recorded. It is found that the first-excavated left tunnel is influenced heavily by the excavation of the last-excavated middle tunnel, whereas it is hardly affected by the excavation of the second-excavated right tunnel. The load carried by the primary lining is approximately three times as that carried by the secondary lining. The middle tunnel was in the least desirable state due to the formation of the large Protodyakonov’s equilibrium arch (PEA). Based on timely feedback of the comprehensive monitoring system, a series of vibration-reducing techniques were applied and effectively guaranteed safety during blasting construction. By referring to Chinese codes, the minimum safety factor of the secondary lining is 1.3; the maximum PPV (0.15 cm/s) is lower than the allowable value; and the corner frequency (40-140 Hz) will not cause resonant vibration of the Great Wall.
Contrasting seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff in the UK and some implications for rainfall-runoff methods of flood estimation
Authors: Ledingham Jamie , Archer David , Lewis Elizabeth , Fowler Hayley , Kilsby Chris
Published: August 2019

Using data from 520 gauging stations in Britain and gridded rainfall datasets, the seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff is compared and mapped. Annual maximum (AMAX) daily rainfall occurs predominantly in summer, but AMAX floods occur most frequently in winter. Seasonal occurrences of annual daily rainfall and flood maxima differ by more than 50% in dry lowland catchments. The differences diminish with increasing catchment wetness, increase with rainfalls shorter than daily duration and are shown to depend primarily on catchment wetness, as illustrated by variations in mean annual rainfall. Over the whole dataset, only 34% of AMAX daily flood events are matched to daily rainfall annual maxima (and only 20% for 6-hour rainfall maxima). The discontinuity between rainfall maxima and flooding is explained by the consideration of coincident soil moisture storage. The results have serious implications for rainfall-runoff methods of flood risk estimation in the UK where estimation is based on a depth–duration–frequency model of rainfall highly biased to summer. It is concluded that inadequate treatment of the seasonality of rainfall and soil moisture seriously reduces the reliability of event-based flood estimation in Britain.
Flexibilización del modelo de insumo-producto para determinar interdependencias productivas en la ciudad fronteriza de Reynosa, Tamaulipas, 2013
Authors: Vera Vázquez Rodrigo , Langle Flores Miguel Angel
Published: August 2019

Con información económica del año 2013, se sugieren estrategias de política económica regional para el municipio fronterizo de Reynosa, Tamaulipas. A partir de los modelos de Leontief y Flegg, Webber y Elliot, se construye una matriz de insumo-producto regional y su correspondiente análisis de multiplicadores. Para complementar el procedimiento, se tipifica la influencia de la actividad industrial y se brinda una visión estructural de los encadenamientos productivos siguiendo a Rasmussen. Los resultados muestran el carácter marginal de los multiplicadores de producción, empleo, remuneración de los asalariados y valor agregado en las actividades productivas no manufactureras.
RISCOS À SAÚDE DE TRABALHADORES RURAIS NO EXTRATIVISMO DA PALHA DE CARNAÚBA
Authors: Ximenes Neto Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães , Crispim Francisca Sandra Da Ponte
Published: August 2019

Resumo: Objetivo: identificar os riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores rurais no extrativismo da palha de carnaúba. Metodologia: Pesquisa descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso, desenvolvida em Cariré - Ceará, no período de maio de 2016 a junho de 2017, mediante realização de estrevista semiestruturada e observação livre. A análise das informações apoiou-se no protocolo da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. Resultados: Os coletores de palha de carnaúba durante seu processo produtivo enfrentam situações que os tornam vulneráveis e os expõem a riscos físicos, químicos, biológicos, ergonômicos e organizativos, Conclusões: O estudo aponta a necessidade de ações promotoras da saúde, sobre a importância do uso adequado dos equipamentos de proteção individual para minimização dos riscos, e as consequências que podem acarretar sua falta.Palavras-chave: População Rural; Saúde do Trabalhador; Riscos Ocupacionais.RISK TO HEALTH OF RURAL WORKERS IN THE EXTRATIVISM OF THE STRAW OF CARNAÚBAAbstract: Objective: to identify the health risks of rural workers in the extraction of carnauba straw. Methodology: Descriptive research, of a case study, developed in Cariré - Ceará, from May 2016 to June 2017, through semi-structured interview and free observation. The analysis of the information was based on the protocol of the International Labor Organization. Results: Carnauba straw collectors during their production process face situations that make them vulnerable and expose them to physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and organizational risks. Conclusions: The study points out the need for health promotion actions, on the importance of appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize risks, and the consequences that may result of its lack.Keyword: Rural Population; Occupational Health; Occupational Risks.RIESGOS PARA LA SALUD DE LOS TRABAJADORES RURALES EN EL EXTRACTIVISMO DE LA PAJA DE CARNAUBAResumen: Objetivo: identificar los riesgos para la salud de los trabajadores rurales en el extractivismo de la paja de carnauba. Metodología: Investigación descriptiva, del tipo estudio de caso, desarrollada en Cariré - Ceará, entre mayo de 2016 y junio de 2017, mediante entrevista semi estructurada y observación libre. El análisis de las informaciones se basó en el protocolo de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Resultados: Los recolectores de paja de carnauba durante su proceso productivo enfrentan situaciones que les dejan vulnerables y les exponen a riesgos físicos, químicos, biológicos, ergonómicos y organizativos, Conclusiones: El estudio indica la necesidad de acciones promotoras de la salud, en relación a la importancia del uso adecuado de los equipamientos de protección individual para la minimización de los riesgos, y las consecuencias que puede acarrear su falta.Palabra clave: Población Rural; Salud Laboral; Riesgos Laborales.
Efecto del medio y de la herencia sobre los pesos al nacer, destete y 16 meses de edad en la raza costeño con cuernos
Authors: Ossa S Gustavo , Pérez G. Juan
Published: August 2019

Con el objetivo de estimar parámetros genéticos para los caracteres productivos, pesos al nacer, destete y 16 meses de edad, en la raza Costeño con Cuernos en la estación experimental de Turipaná, ubicada en el municipio de Cereté, norte de Colombia, fueron analizados 1303, 1108 y 841 datos, para los pesos al nacer (PD), al destete (PD) y peso a los 16 meses (P16M), respectivamente, en el periodo 1991 al año 2001. Las medias observadas y desvíos estándares para dichos caracteres fueron 29.03 ± 3.69Kg, 173.27± 23.71Kg y 228.36 ± 27.64Kg., respectivamente. Los valores estimados y los errores para los coeficientes de repetibilidad y de heredabilidad para los PN, PD y P16M fueron 0.05 ± 0.02; 0.08 ± 0.03; 0.082 ± 0.048; 0.26± 0.82 y 0.22 ± 0.089, respectivamente. Los coeficientes de correlación genética fueron 0.19 para PN x PD y 0.045 para PD x P16M.
Determinación de un índice de selección para el peso al nacer y al destete en ganado cebú
Authors: Vergara G Oscar , Iriarte M. Carlos
Published: August 2019

Con el fin de conocer un índice de selección para el peso al nacer y al destete en la finca Costa Rica, Montería (Colombia), se analizaron 895 registros, de los cuales se obtuvieron las covarianzas y varianzas genéticas y fenotípicas, para la construcción de un determinante, y a través de cálculos algebraicos se obtuvo la ecuación I = x 1 + 0.4215 x2, con la cual se seleccionaron los animales que presentaron un mayor índice.
Evaluación del fríjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata) como ingrediente proteico en dietas para pollos de asadero
Authors: Jabib Leonel , Barrios Pedro , Vega Arturo
Published: August 2019

Se estudió el efecto de dos niveles de fríjol Caupí (10 y 20%) en dos presentaciones (crudo y cocido) sobre la ganancia de peso, el consumo y la conversión alimenticia de pollos comerciales para ceba, comparados conun grupo control. No se encontraron diferencias (P>0.05) entre niveles y/o presentación del fríjol en ninguna de las variables estudiadas. La ganancia de peso fue de 1.990, 1.985, 1.913, 2.007 y 2.015 g. para los tratamientos: 0%, 10% crudo, 10% cocidos, 20% crudo y 20% cocido, respectivamente. Los promedios para consumo de alimento fueron: 4.014, 4.093, 3.939, 4.095 y 4.131 g., respectivamente y 2.02, 2.07, 2.06 2.04 y 2.06 para la conversión alimenticia. Al análisis económico, el tratamiento testigo mostró mayor rentabilidad, pero un análisis de sensibilidad de precios demostró que cuando ocurre una baja del 20% en el precio del fríjol Caupí y es estable el precio de la torta de soya, es más rentable usar 20% de fríjol Caupí crudo en la raciónsiempre que se acompañe de un antibiótico promotor de crecimiento.
Expresión génica del factor de crecimiento BMP15, GDF9, FGF2 y sus receptores en células foliculares bovinas
Authors: Pablo S Reineri  , María S. Coria  , María G. Barrionuevo  , Olegario Hernández  , Santiago Callejas  , Gustavo A. Palma
Published: August 2019

Introducción. El crecimiento y la maduración folicular implican una serie de transformaciones de diversos componentes del folículo, como el ovocito, las células de la granulosa y de la teca. Varios factores de crecimiento, incluyendo factor de crecimiento de diferenciación 9 (GDF9), proteína morfogénica ósea 15 (BMP15) y factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos básico (FGF2) son importantes para el desarrollo folicular y maduración de ovocitos, por su capacidad de aumentar la proliferación de las células de la granulosa, teca y el estroma ovárico. Objetivo. Evaluar la expresión de los factores de crecimiento GDF9, BMP15, FGF2 y sus principales receptores: el receptor 1 del factor de crecimiento transformante beta (TGFβ-R1), el receptor de la proteína morfogénica del hueso tipo IB (BMPR-IB) y el receptor del factor de crecimiento fibroblástico 2 (FGFR2) en células foliculares bovinas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la extracción de ARN total de pooles de ovocitos (OOs) y células del cumulus (CCs) de complejos cumulus-ovocito (COCs) y del pellet de células foliculares (PCs) provenientes de 70 ovarios obtenidos de 96 vaquillonas para carne, colectados en un frigorífico local. Los patrones de expresión de los factores de crecimiento y sus receptores en las células foliculares bovinas fueron evaluados por retro-transcripción seguida de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RT-PCR). Resultados. La presencia de los transcriptos de ARNm de los genes GDF9, BMP15, FGF2, TGFβ-R1, BMPR-IB y FGFR2 fue detectada por RT-PCR en todas las células estudiadas. Es la primera vez que se reporta en ovocitos bovinos la expresión de los receptores TGFβ-R1 y BMPR-IB. Conclusiones. La presencia de transcriptos de factores de crecimiento y sus receptores en las células estudiadas, indica que estos factores podrían actuar como reguladores paracrinos y autocrinos de la foliculogénesis.
Actividad de acetilcolinesterasa y niveles totales de antioxidantes en perros con tumores de mama antes y después de la extirpación quirúrgica
Authors: Faria Joice LM , Rossi Raissa I , Da Silva Aleksandro S , Bottari Nathieli B , Olsson Débora , Dalberto Jéssica L , Mendes Ricardo E , Sueiro Felipe AR , Pereira Wanderson AB , Mueller Eduardo N , Shetinger Maria RC , Guarda Naiara , Moresco Rafael N , Baldissera Matheus D , Machado Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad de la AChE en sangre total y los niveles de FRAP en muestras de perros con tumores mamarios antes y después de la cirugía, así como la relación entre estas variables con marcadores inmunohistoquímicos de tumores (E-caderina, ki-67 , COX - 2). Materiales y métodos. En este estudio, 13 perros con tumores mamarios se dividieron en dos grupos (A y B). El grupo A estaba formado por perros con tumores menores de 3 cm de diámetro y el grupo B estaba formado por perros con tumor de 3 cm de diámetro o más. La actividad de AChE y los niveles de FRAP se evaluaron antes y después de la cirugía y la inmunohistoquímica se realizó en los tumores. Resultados. La actividad de la AChE aumentó significativamente (p <0,05) en perros con cáncer mamario en comparación con los animales control, y ni la cirugía ni el tamaño tumoral afectaron la actividad de la AChE (p> 0,05). Los niveles de FRAP antes de la cirugía fueron significativamente más bajos (p <0,05) en comparación con los animales control. Además, los niveles de FRAP aumentaron significativamente después de la cirugía en animales del grupo A en comparación con los datos antes de la cirugía, hecho que no se observó en perros del grupo B. La E-cadherina mostró correlación positiva baja con los niveles de FRAP (r = 0,37, valor P = 0,05); COX-2 mostró una moderada correlación positiva significativa con FRAP (r = 0,55, P-valor <0,05); Y la COX-2 mostró una correlación positiva de baja significación con la AChE (r = 0.32, P-valor = 0.01). Conclusiones. AChE y los niveles de antioxidantes se modifican en perros con cáncer de mama. Estas variables están implicadas en diversas funciones fisiológicas, y por lo tanto, pueden estar relacionadas con la patogénesis de la enfermedad.
Patrones de expresiòn del gen Hey1 durante el desarrollo de arcos branquiales y prominencias faciales
Authors: Carbonell M Belfran , Bayona R Francy , Garavito-Aguilar Zayra V , Parada B Carolina , Arboleda G Humberto , Infante-Contreras C Clementina
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir detalladamente los patrones de expresión del gen Hey1, un efector de la vía Notch durante el desarrollo de arcos branquiales y prominencias faciales. Materiales y métodos. Se incubaron huevos fertilizados de pollo (Gallus gallus) obtenidos de una granja local entre 37.5-38.5ºC con humedad relativa del 70% hasta que los embriones alcanzaron los estadios HH14 hasta HH25 de Hamilton-Hamburger. Las sondas Hey1 marcadas con digoxigenina-UTP se generaron a partir de plásmidos linearizados con T3 polimerasa por transcripción in vitro. Luego se realizó hibridación in situ sobre embriones completos. Se obtuvieron al menos 3 repeticiones (n = 3) para cada estadio. Para confirmar los resultados observados en embriones completos, se realizaron cortes sagitales y coronales de 10 µm. Resultados. Durante los estadios de desarrollo HH14 y HH18, la expresión del gen Hey1 se localizó en el endodermo de las bolsas branquiales. La expresión génica de Hey1 también se observó en el epitelio que cubre las prominencias maxilares y mandibulares durante las etapas de desarrollo HH19 y HH21, así como en el epitelio nasal entre HH19 y HH25.  También se detectaron transcritos de Hey1 en el epitelio que cubre la prominencia frontonasal durante la etapa HH21. Conclusiones. Estos patrones de expresión sugieren la participación de este componente de la vía de señalización Notch en la morfogénesis craneofacial, posiblemente estableciendo patrones de segmentación faríngea durante las primeras etapas y / o regulando la proliferación y diferenciación celular durante las últimas etapas del desarrollo facial.
Detección de los herpesvirus equinos 1 y 4 y su relación con transcriptos asociados a la latencia en caballos infectados naturalmente en Colombia
Authors: Vargas-Bermudez Diana , Corredor F Adriana , Ramírez-Nieto Gloria , Vera A Víctor , Jaime C Jairo
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar presencia de anticuerpos y genoma viral de EHV-1 y EHV-4, como también detectar la presencia de transcriptos asociados a latencia (LATs) en una población seleccionada de caballos colombianos. Materiales y métodos. Muestras de suero, nódulos linfáticos submandibulares y ganglio trigémino se obtuvieron de 50 caballos y fueron analizadas. Los sueros se evaluaron para la presencia de anticuerpos contra EHV-1 y EHV-4 mientras que los tejidos se evaluaron inicialmente para la presencia de genoma viral por nPCR. Finalmente, las muestras se emplearon para la detección de LATs a través de RT-PCR. Resultados. En general, 6/50 muestras mostraron anticuerpos para EHV-1 y 44/50 fueron positivos para EHV-4. En cuanto a la detección del genoma viral, 10/50 muestras fueron positivas para EHV-1 y 30/50 fueron positivas para EHV-4; además, 22/35 caballos positivos para DNA de EHV fueron positivos para LATs. El empleo de estas pruebas llevó a ocho posibles combinaciones de resultados. Conclusiones. Se confirma la presencia de estos virus en la población equina colombiana. Las pruebas empleadas demuestran que los caballos pueden tener infección viral simple, co-infecciones con ambos virus, estado de latencia debido a la presencia de los LATs y presencia simultánea de LATs y de replicación de genoma viral en un momento dado. Se aporta al entendimiento del comportamiento de la enfermedad en Colombia y se llama la atención sobre la importancia de implementar diagnósticos complementarios a la serología para el control de estos virus.
Recuperación de Cryptococcus neoformans y Cryptococcus gattii a partir de fuentes ambientales en Cúcuta, Norte de Santander y su asociación con aislados clínicos
Authors: Angarita Asbleide Karina , Cardenas Sierra Denny Miley , Parra Giraldo Claudia Marcela , Diaz Carvajal Claudia Yaneth , Escandón Hernandez Patricia Luz
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Aislar, identificar y caracterizar molecularmente aislamientos de Cryptococcus patógenos humanos a partir de muestras ambientales y clínicas de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 1300 muestras de 446 árboles de 10 especies diferentes, en 10 zonas públicas de Cúcuta. Concomitantemente, se obtuvieron aislados clínicos de Cryptococcus sp (junio de 2016-junio de 2017). Se realizó cultivo en agar semillas de Guizottia abysinica,   posterior identificación bioquímica y caracterización genética mediante PCR-huella Digital y RFLP-URA5  Resultados. Se determinó prevalencia ambiental para C. neoformans de 4,3 % (19 individuos positivos) y C. gattii de 0,2 % (1 individuo positivo), para un total de 20 árboles positivos y 21 aislados (dos de un mismo individuo). El parque Santander registró el 47,6 % de la prevalencia global (10 / 21 aislados), seguido del parque La Victoria con 23,8 % (5/21 aislados), correspondientes a C. neoformans. Se obtuvo un aislado de C gattiien un individuo Ficus benjamina del parque Mercedes Ábrego. El análisis genotípico reveló presencia de C. neoformans var. grubii VNI en el 85,7% de los aislados ambientales, así como en el 100% de los clínicos, seguido de VNII y VGII en 9,5%  y 4,8% de los aislados ambientales, respectivamente. Conclusión. El muestreo longitudinal de nichos ambientales con reporte previo del hongo revela su persistencia, requiriéndose de estudio permanente y búsqueda activa en pacientes, especialmente en zonas consideradas endémicas
Virus del Nilo Occidental en Ecuador
Authors: Coello Peralta Roberto Darwin , González González Manuel , Martínez Cepeda Galo Ernesto
Published: August 2019

El presente es una revisión bibliográfica sobre estudios realizados para determinar la presencia y circulación del Virus del Nilo Occidental (VNO) en diversas especies que interactúan en importantes ecosistemas del Ecuador, como son las Islas Galápagos, en donde, se han realizado estudios de presencia y vigilancia del VNO en aves silvestres y migratorias (2003) (2008 al 2010) y pingüinos (2003 al 2004). También, se ha realizado estudios en aves de diversos lugares de Guayaquil (2011), y en equinos de Jauneche (2007) pero en ninguno de los lugares se evidenció la presencia del virus. Por otro lado, en el humedal Abras de Mantequilla, Coello y colaboradores realizaron dos estudios en equinos de edades entre 3 meses a 12 años, todos de raza mestiza, sexo machos y hembras, sin antecedentes de vacunación y con presencia de síntomas solo en el primer estudio. El análisis de los sueros en los dos estudios se realizó mediante la técnica de ELISA (determinación de reactividad) y la confirmación a través de Neutralización por Reducción del Número de Placas (NTRP). En el primer estudio se determinó el 8.12% (13/160) de reactividad en 13 equinos y el 22.22% de reactividad en 2 de 9 personas (no se confirmaron); del total de muestras reactivas en equinos, solo se confirmó el 3.12% (5 equinos/160) de la presencia de anticuerpos IgM contra VNO. Respecto al segundo estudio estableció el 12.6% (52/412) de reactividad y el 10.4% (43/412 equinos) se confirmó la evidencia serológica del VNO, con una prevalencia final del 6.76%. Por lo consiguiente, el VNO está presente y circulando en los equinos de la zona costera ecuatoriana, lo cual es un riesgo potencial para la salud pública, sin embargo no hay información actualizada de investigaciones realizadas al respecto.
Numerical methods for computing the greatest common divisor of univariate polynomials using floating point arithmetic
Authors: Hegland Markus
Published: August 2019

Computing the greatest common divisor (GCD) for two polynomials in floating point arithmetic is computationally challenging and even standard library software might return the result GCD=1 even when the polynomials have a nontrivial GCD. Here we review Euclid's algorithm and test a variant for a class of random polynomials. We find that our variant of Euclid's method often produces an acceptable result. However, close monitoring of the norm of the vector of coefficients of the intermediate polynomials is required.

References R. M. Corless, P. M. Gianni, B. M. Trager, and S. M. Watt. The singular value decomposition for polynomial systems. In Proceedings of the 1995 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, ISSAC '95, pages 195207. ACM, 1995. doi:10.1145/220346.220371. H. J. Stetter. Numerical polynomial algebra. SIAM, 2004. doi:10.1137/1.9780898717976. Z. Zeng. The numerical greatest common divisor of univariate polynomials. In Randomization, relaxation, and complexity in polynomial equation solving, volume 556 of Contemp. Math., pages 187217. Amer. Math. Soc., 2011. doi:10.1090/conm/556/11014.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Web-Based Distribution System For Anesthesia Department Guidelines and Standard Operating Procedures: Qualitative Study and Content Analysis
Authors: Bachmann Kaspar F , Vetter Christian , Wenzel Lars , Konrad Christoph , Vogt Andreas P
Published: August 2019

Background

Digitization is spreading exponentially in medical care, with improved availability of electronic devices. Guidelines and standard operating procedures (SOPs) form an important part of daily clinical routine, and adherence is associated with improved outcomes.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate a digital solution for the maintenance and distribution of SOPs and guidelines in 2 different anesthesiology departments in Switzerland.

Methods

A content management system (CMS), WordPress, was set up in 2 tertiary-level hospitals within 1 year: the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the Kantonsspital Lucerne in Lucerne, Switzerland, as an open-access system, followed by a similar system for internal usage in the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine of the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, in Bern, Switzerland. We analyzed the requirements and implementation processes needed to successfully set up these systems, and we evaluated the systems’ impact by analyzing content and usage.

Results

The systems’ generated exportable metadata, such as traffic and content. Analysis of the exported metadata showed that the Lucerne website had 269 pages managed by 44 users, with 88,124 visits per month (worldwide access possible), and the Bern website had 341 pages managed by 35 users, with 1765 visits per month (access only possible from within the institution). Creation of an open-access system resulted in third-party interest in the published guidelines and SOPs. The implementation process can be performed over the course of 1 year and setup and maintenance costs are low.

Conclusions

A CMS, such as WordPress, is a suitable solution for distributing and managing guidelines and SOPs. Content is easily accessible and is accessed frequently. Metadata from the system allow live monitoring of usage and suggest that the system be accepted and appreciated by the users. In the future, Web-based solutions could be an important tool to handle guidelines and SOPs, but further studies are needed to assess the effect of these systems.
When Solidarity is Trampled by Religious Sentiment: Outlining Indonesian Muslim Solidarity toward Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Pratisti Siti Aliyuna , Hidayat Taufik , Sari Deasy Silvya
Published: August 2019

The Rohingya crisis in Myanmar has drawn international attention due to gross violations of human rights, which have occurred in the conflict. This condition forces the Rohingya to flee from conflict areas in the attempt to seek protection from neighbouring countries including Indonesia. To deal with the refugees, the Indonesian government, alongside Muslim organizations, have taken immediate steps in tackling the crisis. However, behind the humanitarian solidarity lays a critical problem related to the religious sentiment toward the Buddhist community in Indonesia. The sentiment that tarnished the humanitarian principles and threatened Indonesian multiculturalism showed the versatile side of identity. To provide a better understanding of identity-based conflict, this article explored how a group’s sense of collectivity can easily turn into sentiment. By conducting multiple interviews with the representatives of Muslim Organizations and also collecting secondary data related to the Islam conservative agenda, this paper aimed to outline the paradox of Indonesian Muslim response toward the Rohingya’s refugees crisis. Using Ross’s theories of identity conflict and using Galtung conception of social conflict, the findings concluded that religious sentiment in Indonesia during the Rohingya’s refugee crisis are led by blind fanaticism toward certain religious beliefs that bitterly trample the nation’s sense of solidarity.
Risk of Nephrotic Syndrome for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users
Authors: Bakhriansyah Mohammad , Souverein Patrick C. , van den Hoogen Martijn W.F. , de Boer Anthonius , Klungel Olaf H.
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with AKI. Their association with nephrotic syndrome has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the risk of nephrotic syndrome associated with NSAID use.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A matched case-control study was performed in the UK primary care database. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and controls were those without nephrotic syndrome. NSAID exposure (grouped either based on cyclooxygenase enzyme selectivity and chemical groups) was classified as either current (use at the nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date and corresponding date in the control group), recent, or past use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.

Results

We included 2620 cases and 10,454 controls. Compared with non-use, current use of 15–28 days and >28 days of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.70, and OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.55, respectively. Also, recent use (discontinuation 1–2 months before nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.15) and past use (discontinuation 2 months-2 years; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43), but not current use of <15 days (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.31) nor past use (discontinuation >2 years; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.09) were associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome as well as past use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (discontinuation 2–24 months; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58). Categorization based on chemical groups showed that acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives were associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome.

Conclusions

The use of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome starting from at least 2 weeks of exposure, as well as for recent and past exposure up to 2 years before the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. This higher risk appeared mainly attributable to acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives.
DETERMINATION OF RIFAMPICIN MONO-RESISTANCE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN THE NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN: A SIGNIFICANT PHENOMENON IN WAR REGION WITH HIGH PREVALENCE TUBERCLOISIS
Authors: Al-Hrazi Roqiaa Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Shamahy Hassan A. , Jaadan Bushra Mohammed
Published: August 2019

The current study was undertaken in Sana'a city, Yemen, which has one of the highest rates of Tuberculosis (TB) in the Region. The aims of this retrospective study were determined the prevalence of true RIF's mono-resistance, using the gold standard of molecular assays comparing with culture based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST), and determined the associated risk factors of contracting RF gene among Yemeni TB patients. Patient's data were collected in a predesigned questionnaire which included demographic information and the relevant risk factors associated with RIF. All sputum specimens received were routinely cultured, and, underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. DNA sequences specific for MTB and RIF were detected by automated molecular test. The total end treatment rate was 5.94% of the total cases (11/185). MTB gene was positive for all cases which indicate more sensitive than sputum examination; 3.2% of total patients show RIF's genes positive. Higher rate of RIF with male (5.4%), and low in female patients (1.8%). There was higher rate of RIF with age group 36-45 years (8.7%) and >15 years (7.1%). There was significant rate of RIF gene with after food drug taken (RIF=13.3%, with Odds ratio (OR)=6.4), and with DOTs program (RIF=10%, with OR=6.4). In addition, there was significant rate of RIF gene with one dose regimen (11.8%, OR=5.5). In conclusion, this study reveals the presence of RIF- M. tuberculosis in Sana’a, Yemen and most of them were observed among patients who default treatment. This is considered as a threat to TB control programme and it is recommended that strategies should be put in place in order to ensure patients’ compliance and monitoring of patients’ response to TB treatment.
MENTHA PIPERITA L. - A PROMISING DENTAL CARE HERB MAINLY AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Fayed Marwa A. A.
Published: August 2019

Oral diseases are considered from the major health problems and are not limited to dental caries and periodontal diseases but to various autoimmune conditions. Itsayurvedic therapy includes different plants used in management of toothache, sore throat, mouth sores, abscess, broken tooth and jaw, tooth sensitivity, mouth thrush, dental caries, gingivitis, tooth bleaching, dental anxiety, dental phobia and plants used for dental extraction. Peppermint (Menthapiperita L.), a sterile hybrid of the species M. aquatica L. and M. spicata, L. is considered one of the important aromatic herbs containing high amount of volatile oil used in dental care. The peppermint leaves have a characteristic, aromatic, strong odor and an aromatic, warm, pungent taste followed by a cooling sensation.The medicinal parts are the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of the flowering plant, the dried leaves, the fresh flowering plant and the whole plant. M. piperita L.is a perennial 50–90 cm high, normally quadrangular and a prototypical member of the mint family. The essential oil of M.piperitaL.leaves is characterized by the presence of high percent of menthol (29-48%) in addition tomenthone (20-31%), and the different isomers of menthol in addition to other constituents.M. piperitaL. is one of most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria as Streptococcus mutans. Peppermint oil and leaves posses several other biological effects as antiseptic in oral preparations, antibacterial,antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and antispasmodic effects. It is also used as a flavoringagent in food and pharmaceutical industry and oral preparations.
USAGE OF 3D PRINTER TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL FIELDS: A REVIEW
Authors: BESKAN Umut , YAPAR Evren ALGIN
Published: August 2019

Along with the developing technology, 3D printers have found broad applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields. Precise digital control over layer by layerprinting given by 3D printers allows drugs, cosmetics and medical devices like prostheses to be personalized for treatment. Additionaly, the physical structure of 3D printed productsand theirvisualization is effective on surgical planning, educational and research applications alleviating the endeavior of surgeons,students and scientists, respectively. Since FDA’s first 3D printed drug approval in 2015, the research for new approaches has been growing although the manufacturers need regularity certainty. However this technology exists for a long time and  it is of public interest now due to the approval of 3-D printed tablet and other medical devices and also with the advent of USFDA’s guidance on  technical considerations specific to devices using additive manufacturing which encompasses 3-dimensional (3D) printing has triggered many thoughts about this technology which needs to be considered for successful delivery of intended product.  As for 3D organ printing, it remains the great expectation albeit some attempts.
This review is aimed at giving brief explanations about 3D printing achievements and applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields.
SEQUÊNCIA DE ENSINO INVESTIGATIVA SOBRE ANTIBIÓTICOS BASEADA EM COMPETÊNCIAS E HABILIDADES DO PISA
Authors: Bonisson Sara , Ferreira Luciana Bastos , Junior Nelson Menolli
Published: August 2019

O ensino por investigação é uma abordagem que diversifica as estratégias utilizadas pelo professor de forma problematizadora e especulativa, possibilitando aos alunos a aplicação e a compreensão de conceitos científicos e um melhor entendimento sobre a natureza da ciência. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma sequência de ensino investigativa (SEI) capaz de desenvolver nos alunos habilidades e competências relacionadas à alfabetização científica, tomando como base a matriz de competências e habilidades do PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) para Ciências. A SEI apresenta uma abordagem acerca da descoberta, das aplicações e das consequências do uso de antibióticos, tema escolhido pelos próprios alunos por meio de uma pesquisa prévia como parte das aulas do curso Técnico em Qualidade Integrado ao Ensino Médio na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA) do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Câmpus São Paulo. Partindo de uma questão-problema contextualizada sobre automedicação, a SEI compreende quatro atividades que envolvem experimentação, aula dialogada, leitura de texto de divulgação científica e conteúdo audiovisual. Os textos elaborados e selecionados apresentam uma linguagem objetiva, proporcionando uma leitura contextualizada. Há também a presença de elementos gráficos para estimular o engajamento visual e a curiosidade. Todas as atividades apresentam perguntas descritivas que alternam seu grau de complexidade de elaboração. A avaliação do desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades pode ser feita com base nas respostas dos alunos às questões que fazem parte da SEI, sendo que para cada questão e procedimento foi selecionada uma ou mais competências com algumas das suas respectivas habilidades de acordo com o PISA. Vale aqui ressaltar a importância da produção de materiais didáticos que se preocupem com o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades, visando a alfabetização científica na educação básica.
O PROGRAMA DE INICIAÇÃO A DOCÊNCIA E AS LICENCIATURAS NOS IFS: (DES)ARTICULAÇÃO FORMATIVA?
Authors: Paniago Rosenilde Nogueira , Sarmento Teresa Jacinto
Published: August 2019

Esta discussão faz parte de um estudo que objetiva investigar os contributos do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação a Docência (Pibid) para a aprendizagem da docência. Neste texto apresentar-se-á um recorte da pesquisa com vista a verificar se as ações do Pibid contribuem para o aprofundamento da relação teoria-prática na formação e quais as articulações do programa com as práticas formativas nas licenciaturas de Ciências Biológicas, Química e Matemática do Instituto Federal de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia, aqui denominado como IF Campo. Utilizou-se como fonte de dados a análise de narrativas de formandos e professores coordenadores de projetos do Pibid da IES. Os resultados sinalizam contribuições do programa para a aprendizagem docente dos formandos, pela possibilidade de concretização da relação teoria-prática e do desenvolvimento de posturas investigativas. Entretanto, ocorrem fragilidades, traduzidas pela ausência de relação das práticas que ocorrem no programa com as práticas efetivas de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de licenciatura.
A ÁGUA E O ENSINO DE QUÍMICA: PROPOSTA DIDÁTICA BASEADA NA RESOLUÇÃO DE SITUAÇÕES-PROBLEMA PARA O CONTEÚDO POLARIDADE
Authors: Silva Thiago Pereira da , Simões Neto José Euzebio , Tomaz Patrícia Fernandes
Published: August 2019

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como uma proposta didática baseada na resolução de uma situação-problema auxilia na abordagem do conteúdo polaridade das ligações químicas, considerando a água como tema gerador. Elaboramos um conjunto de atividades que que consistiam em texto de apoio, aula expositiva dialogada, jogo de palavras-cruzadas, atividades experimentais e uma hipermídia não interativa para apresentação do problema, realizamos a intervenção didática em sete etapas, para uma turma do 1º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública da Paraíba, localizada na cidade de Remígio, com a participação efetiva de 21 estudantes. Para análise, escolhemos avaliar o conhecimento das respostas dadas no primeiro momento, levantamento de concepções prévias, e no último, a resposta final da situação-problema, mediante construção de um texto. Os resultados apontam um desempenho satisfatório, ainda que apenas um grupo tenha dado uma resposta satisfatória segundo critérios de análise, podemos perceber indícios da construção de conhecimentos sobre polaridade em todos os grupos. Na avaliação da proposta pelos estudantes, o resultado foi positivo, com um argumento de 2,4 na aprovação do máximo de 3, o que valida a proposta apresentada.
Feminismo Decolonial, Perspectiva dos Funcionamentos e Educação
Authors: Clara Dias Maria , Gonçalves Letícia
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste texto é propor um modelo de justiça adequado a um sistema educacional, amplo einclusivo, no que se refere às múltiplas e complexas manifestações de sexualidade e gênero. Toma o FeminismoDecolonial, sobretudo as contribuições da autora Ochy Curiel, como uma abordagem crítica de leitura da realidade,e defende a Perspectiva dos Funcionamentos, de Maria Clara Dias, como teoria de justiça coerente com o contextoem questão.
O papel das escolas no combate às masculinidades tóxicas
Authors: De Castro Susana
Published: August 2019

o artigo aborda os efeitos nocivos do machismo sobre os homens. As identidades fixas, femininas oumasculinas, limitam a liberdade de ser e sentir de homens e mulheres. Aborda também a atração que o trabalhocom o tráfico de drogas exerce sobre os jovens dos países emergentes. O fim do humanismo na era do capitalismoneoliberal leva o jovem da periferia dos grandes centros urbanos dos países emergentes a buscar onecroempoderamento. A mudança da cultura machista deve começar nas escolas, com o questionamento pedagógicodas bases pretensamente biológicas da ideologia patriarcal.
Por uma educação TRANSgressora e TRANSfeminista: Possíveis enfrentamentos à produção das ausências através da disciplinarização e subjetivação
Authors: A. G. Oliveira Fabio , Rodrigues Liliana
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar, segundo uma perspetiva feminista crítica, o lugar daspessoas trans (i.e. pessoas cujas identidades não correspondem ao sexo atribuído no nascimento) no contextoeducativo. Neste sentido, em um primeiro momento do trabalho, realiza-se uma revisão teórica sobre como osprocessos de categorização têm contribuido, em conjunto com as instituições e os discursos sociais, políticos ecientíficos, para a discriminação e violência contra as pessoas trans. No segundo momento deste trabalho, sepretende problematizar o contexto educativo através de um encontro entre dois autores: Michel Foucault e bellhooks. Com o primeiro, se pretende apresentar conceitos-chaves (disciplina e subjetivação) para melhorentendermos a dinâmica que faz operar formas distintas de dominação no contexto neoliberal, cujo objetivoprincipal é a formação de consumidores-consumiveis, através do controle dos corpos e subjetividades. Ao finaldeste trabalho, propomos associar a discussão conceitual de Foucault à proposta da pensadora negra e feministabell hooks sobre o importante papel da transgressão. Aqui destacaremos a transgressão como prática pedagógicaque visa diagnosticar como a sociedade que vivemos produz não somente consumidores, mas impõe ausênciassobre diversos individuos, cujos corpos são marginalizados e abjetificados. Destacamos aqui as ausências sobre oscorpos que escapam de uma normatividade endossada, promovida e elogiada por uma sociedade adicta a umpadrão estético-político associado a um tipo de consumo que reitera práticas cisheteronormativas interseccionadasa outras expressões da manutenção de poder e dominação que se consolidam através das transfobias.