bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Effective Production of Nitride Based Materials by High Energy Ball Milling
Authors: KURAMA Semra , KURAMA Haldun
Published: June 2020

In the production of ceramic materials, both performance increase and economy are the two most important parameters. The common parameter in the management of these two processes is the control of the initial powder size of the raw materials. Nitride-based advanced technology materials provide significant advantages due to their purity, and micron size in the production process. However, the sintering of these materials is both difficult and expensive. The additives used in the sintering process may cause deterioration in the using properties of the material in the final product. Due to its properties, hardness and abrasiveness, it cannot be easily possible reduce their particle size to the desired size using the grinding process. However, it is possible to make this process be active, short and efficient by suspending the powders in suspension. Therefore, it is possible to increasing the powder-powder, powder-ball interaction in the system. In this study, the process was controlled by using different stabilizers and medium. Thus, the size of nitride powders having a grain size of 500 m was reduced to 100nm, resulting in improved sintering and mechanical behavior.
Kur’an Tefsiri Bağlamında Yorumun Mahiyeti
Authors: KOTAN Şevket
Published: June 2020

Bu makale, klasik Kur’an tefsiri modellerine karşılık varoluşsal hermenöti-ğin üzerine oturduğu bazı temelleri inceleyerek, Kur’an tefsiri için ye-ni/farklı imkanlar üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu temeller, tefsirin öznesi olarak müfessirin, başka bir ifadeyle yorumcunun, nesnesi olarak ta metnin ve yo-rumcuyla metnin diyaloğunda ortaya çıkan yorum hadisesinin mahiyeti ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Buna karşılık klasik tefsir disiplininin, tarihsel, dilsel ve sanatsal açıdan metnin üzerinde derinlemesine yoğunlaşmış olmasına rağmen anlayan/yorumlayan özne olarak insanın mahiyetine dair kayda de-ğer bir soruşturma yapmadığı gözlenmektedir. Bu durum tarihsel, dilsel ve sanatsal açılardan elde ettiği başarısına rağmen klasik tefsir faaliyetinin zayıf tarafı olarak düşünülebilir. Çünkü yorum hadisesinin bir tarafında yorumcu vardır. Yorum hadisesi ise, yorumcunun metni anlama konusun-daki çabasının bir hasılası olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bakımdan her-menötik, metinden daha çok yorumcunun mahiyetini soruşturarak onu öne çıkaran bir yaklaşımdır ve yorum ile yorumcu arasındaki varoluşsal ilişkiyi güçlü şekilde vurgulamaktadır
Improving haemophilia diagnosis in developing countries: the Malian experience
Authors: Diallo YL , Poudiougo A , Drame BSI , Traore AS , Cissoko Y , Doumbere M , Kone H , Sountoura Z , Diakite AA , Sidibe AT , Schved JF
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Around 90% of all undiagnosed people with haemophilia (PWH) live in developing countries. In Mali, in sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 90% of potential PWH are not identified. We initiated a two-year study involving an integrated programme of training and awareness-raising with the aim of improving diagnosis and access to care for PWH, based on partnership with those who regularly interact with them.

Methodology

Our training programme focused on four regions of Mali and the district of Bamako, and included three types of health professionals from different districts and hospitals: medical doctor, nurse and laboratory technician. We also targeted traditional healers, who continue to be strongly involved in local healthcare, and provided training sessions for patients and their families on the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and complications of haemophilia. A complementary programme of awareness-raising, including the national media, ran alongside the training sessions.

Results

Overall, the programme involved 495 participants: 213 health care professionals, 24 patients, 79 parents of patients, 126 traditional healers, and 53 media workers. A direct result was development of collaboration between these groups in identifying haemophilia, and the transfer of four patients from a traditional healer's office to hospital for diagnosis and treatment. The number of diagnosed PWH increased from 42 in 2016 to 126 in 2017.

Conclusion

The integrated haemophilia educational programme, which took into account the nature of the local environment and involved all relevant stakeholders, showed that taking a collaborative approach is a successful strategy for improving diagnosis and care for PWH in Mali. This approach could be relevant in other developing countries.
The Foreign Language Teaching Anxiety Scale: Preliminary Tests of Validity and Reliability
Authors: Aydin Selami , Ustuk Ozgehan
Published: June 2020

Although anxiety in the foreign language learning context has been studied extensively, the anxiety experienced by foreign language teachers, who are important stakeholders of classroom contexts and language learners themselves, seems to be overlooked. While research mainly focuses on foreign language anxiety in a learning context, there is not sufficient research to contextualize foreign language teaching anxiety (FLTA). In addition, in the current literature, few studies were performed to measure FLTA. In light of this, this study aims to present the preliminary results of the validity and reliability of the Foreign Language Teaching Anxiety Scale (FLTAS). A background questionnaire and the FLTAS were administered to 100 senior pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL), before performing Cronbach’s Alpha and exploratory factor analysis. The findings showed that the scale obtains a high reliability coefficient and internal consistency in a five-factor solution. The study ends with recommendations for further research.
Increasing EFL Learner Participation through Eliciting Language: Insights from Conversation Analysis
Authors: Cancino Marco
Published: June 2020

The idea that interaction shapes learning in the second language classroom by increasing opportunities for participation, and that teachers can achieve this by adequately eliciting language from learners has been discussed in the literature. However, research specifying interactional resources deployed by teachers when eliciting language from their learners has been scarce. To this end, the present study used conversation analysis to examine the interactional resources produced in the elicitation of questions belonging to a specific lesson stage, namely, the ‘classroom context mode’ (CCM). In the CCM, fluency and meaningful exchanges are encouraged, and learners are prompted to talk about their feelings, emotions, and experiences, which represent a fruitful interactional juncture for eliciting learner language. The data collected in the present study come from four teachers and their students in an adult English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom at a language institute in Chile. The participants were audio-recorded over a total of six lessons that were delivered as part of a 10-week course. From the analysis, two novel elicitation resources, namely the ‘effective management of closed questions’ and the ‘use of open referential questions as initiators of CCM’, were found to promote a facilitator-oriented approach to teaching. The pedagogical value of these resources is discussed in terms of their potential for initiating and sustaining a CCM, and their inclusion in a framework that seeks to develop teachers’ classroom interactional competence.
Modeling Student Evaluations of Writing and Authors as a Function of Writing Errors
Authors: Roscoe Rod , Wilson Joshua , Patchan Melissa , Chen Dandan , Johnson Adam
Published: June 2020

Writers are often judged by their audience, and these evaluations can encompass both the text and the authors. This study built upon prior research on writing evaluation and error perceptions to examine how interconnected or separable are these judgments. Using a within-subjects design, college students evaluated four essays demonstrating no errors, lower-level errors, higher-level errors, or both types. Evaluations included writing quality traits (e.g., conventions, ideas, organization, sentence fluency, and voice) and author characteristics (e.g., creativity, intelligence, generosity, and kindness). Exploratory factor analyses identified latent constructs within these ratings. One construct, Writing Quality and Skill, appeared to combine writing traits and authors’ intellectual ability (e.g., intelligence and knowledgeability). The second construct, Author Personality, seemed to comprise interpersonal author traits (e.g., kindness and loyalty). The two constructs were significantly and positively correlated. These results suggest that students tended to form holistic impressions of writing quality and authors rather than distinct judgments about individual traits. The spillover onto perceptions of authors’ personal characteristics may be representative of latent biases. Student raters were also more sensitive to lower-level errors than higher-level errors. Implications for biases and training related to peer assessment are discussed.
Pembelajaran Matematika Tingkat Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Aplikasi Geogebra sebagai Alat Bantu Siswa dalam Memahami Materi Geometri
Authors: Sylviani Sisilia , Permana Fahmi Candra
Published: June 2020

Tujuan pembelajaran matematika selaras dengan tuntutan Revolusi Industri 4.0, manusia dituntut memiliki sejumlah keterampilan untuk memperoleh, memilih, dan mengelola informasi. Dampak paling nyata bagi siswa adalah siswa harus mampu memanfaatkan era digitalisasi ini dalam pembelajaran. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan internet dan software tertentu yang menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran. Salah satu software penunjang dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah GeoGebra. GeoGebra adalah software geometri dinamis. Software tersebut dapat dijadikan media yang dapat membantu proses belajar mengajar mata pelajaran matematika di kelas. Software ini dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami materi geometri. Software tersebut juga dapat digunakan untuk mengasah keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran materi geometri di kelas.
Penggunaan Maple dalam Upaya Peningkatan Minat Siswa SMA dalam Pembelajaran Materi Integral
Authors: Sylviani Sisilia , Permana Fahmi Candra , Rinjani Dian
Published: June 2020

Integral merupakan salah satu materi yang dipelajari oleh siswa SMA. Materi tersebut merupakan salah satu materi yang sering dipandang cukup sulit untuk dipahami oleh siswa. Siswa juga sering mengalami kendala dalam memahami langkah-langkah pencarian integral dari suatu fungsi. Oleh karena itu, sebagai upaya meningkatkan minat siswa terhadap materi tersebut, dalam paper ini dibahas penggunaan Maple sebagai media pembelajaran matematika yang dapat digunakan dalam rangka membantu siswa SMA dalam memahami materi integral. Maple merupakan sebuah perangkat lunak yang canggih yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis, mengeksplorasi, memvisualisasi, serta menyelasaikan berbagai masalah matematika. Dengan Maple, siswa dapat melihat visualisasi dari konsep integral. Dengan melihat visualisasinya, diharapkan siswa dapat lebih tertarik pada pembelajaran matematika, khususnya materi integral.
Implementasi Algoritma Decision Tree Boardgame Dwipantara sebagai Media Pembelajaran Sejarah Kerajaan untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa SD
Authors: Augustianingrum Nurul Khofifah , Padmasari Ayung Candra
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAKMedia pembelajaran yang interaktif sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengoptimalkan peran guru untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa, terlebih bila materi mata pelajaran sejarah yang akan disampaikan guru sangat banyak. Salah satu media yang menarik dan dapat menjadi solusi adalah boardgame, atau permainan papan. peneliti mengembangkan boardgame untuk pembelajaran sejarah kerajaan nusantara bersistem monopoli. Dimana materi dalam game tersebut merupakan materi yang disampaikan untuk siswa di kelas 5 sekolah dasar. Perancangan media pembelajaran sejarah ini menerapkan sebuah metode pembelajaran dengan pendekatan melalui game. Dengan jenis media yang diangkat adalah jenis permainan papan.  Metode yang diterapkan dalam perancangan ini adalah algoritma decision tree untuk proses pengklasifikasian menang dan kalah. Decision tree atau pohon keputusan memetakan berbagai alternatif yang mungkin untuk mengatasi suatu masalah, terdapat juga faktor-faktor kemungkinan yang dapat mempengaruhi alternatif tersebut beserta estimasi alternatif yang ada.  Klasifikasi akan digunakan sebagai patokan, bagaimana pemain menang dan kalah serta mengklasifikasikan alur permainan. Perancangan boardgames “Dwipantara” ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jiwa kompetitif, kooperatif dan akan membuat siswa bergerak dan bekerja dalam kelompok.  Hasil dari penelitian berupa variasi media belajar mata pelajaran sejarah yang lebih efektif dan inovatif untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa SD berbasis permainan ABSTRACTInteractive learning media is needed to optimize the teacher's role to improve student understanding. especially if the history subject matter that will be delivered by the teacher is very much. One of the interesting media and can be a solution is board game.Researchers developed a board game for learning the history of the archipelago kingdom with a monopoly model. Where the material in the game is material delivered to students in grade 5 elementary school. The design of this history learning media applies a learning method with an approach through games. The method applied in this design is the decision tree algorithm for the win and lose classification process. Decision tree or decision tree maps various possible alternatives to overcome a problem, there are also possible factors that can affect these alternatives along with the estimation of existing alternatives. Classification will be used as a benchmark, how players win and lose and classify the flow of the game. The design of the "Dwipantara" boardgames is expected to increase the competitive, cooperative spirit and will make students move and work in groups.The results of the research in the form of a variety of media for learning history subjects are more effective and innovative to increase learning interest in elementary school-based on game.
Enumeration of Bi-Commutative–AG-groupoids
Authors: Rashad Muhammad , Ahmad Imtiaz , Shah Muhammad , Saeid A. Borumand
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we introduce (left, right) bi-commutative AG-groupoids and provide a simple method to test whether an arbitrary AG-groupoid is bi-commutative AG-groupoid or not. We also explore some of the general properties of these AG-groupoids. Further we introduce and study some properties of ideals in these AG-groupoids and decompose left commutative AG-groupoids by defining some congruences on these AG-groupoids
LP -bound for the Fourier Transform of Surface-Carried Measures Supported on Hypersurfaces with D∞ Type Singularities
Authors: Soleeva Nigina A.
Published: June 2020

Estimate for Fourier transform of surface-carried measures supported on non-convex surfaces of three-dimensional Euclidean space is considered in this paper.The exact convergence exponent was found wherein the Fourier transform of measures is integrable in tree-dimensional space. This result gives an answer to the question posed by Erd¨osh and Salmhofer
Cajamarca: Mapping (Post)Mining Palimpsests of the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Macera Margarita , De Meulder Bruno , Shannon Kelly
Published: June 2020

Mining, in addition to other human activities and natural phenomena, has repeatedly reshaped the landscapes of the Peruvian Andes. Long-standing, significantly modified and new Andean landscapes have resulted in a complex reading of the ‘land as palimpsest’ (Corboz, 1983). In recent decades, large-scale modern mining has disturbed headwater landscapes and broader Andean ecologies, as exemplified in Cajamarca’s gold mines. This article critically reads past and present spatial transformations induced by gold mining in the headwaters of the Cajamarca Basin. Through archival documentation, fieldwork and interpretative cartography, it analyses the large-scale surface mining operations in Cajamarca from 1993 to 2020, as well as their impact on downstream rural and urban ecologies. A cross-scalar mapping investigation discloses the spatial-ecological outcomes of twenty-seven years of mining (and closure) operational procedures. As a conclusion of the palimpsest reading, a design-research question is posed as to how Cajamarca’s post-mining landscapes can be opportunely premeditated. It hypothesizes that, already during exploitation, the post-mining landscapes can be consciously constructed by an intelligent manipulation of mining procedures and create a layer of the territory that is more robust. Environmental reconstruction after mining closure recreates a pseudo-natural environment that supposedly erases the traces of mining and restores natural condition—literally back to nature, with no cultural trace. In this regard, reconstruction is merely theoretical since the repairing to a natural state would mean no palimpsests. However, despite the most imaginative and ecological repair, the territory remains a mega palimpsest, cruelly violated and disrupted. Therefore, at best, the proposition can be to build a cultural, consciously conceived and tailored post-mining landscape, merging mining and post-mining landscape construction into one movement, where the remaining (palimpsest) is part-and-parcel of the newly constructed.
Mapping as Gap-Finder: Geddes, Tyrwhitt, and the Comparative Spatial Analysis of Port City Regions
Authors: Hein Carola , Van Mil Yvonne
Published: June 2020

Politicians, planners, and mapmakers have long used mapping to depict selected spaces, to document natural and humanmade changes within them, and to identify spaces where planning intervention is needed or can be helpful. Recent innovations involving big data, GIS-based research and digital datasets offer opportunities for maps and mapping that can lead to a better understanding of the interrelation of spatial, social, and cultural elements over time and to facilitate planning. A close analysis of the historic transformation of the built environment (such as land use, land ownership, infrastructures), the development of institutional structures (municipal boundaries) and the narrative that accompanies them (as embedded in maps and plans) through historical geo-spatial mapping can facilitate the identification of ‘gaps,’ where spatial, institutional, or cultural opportunities and challenges exist and where planning can be useful. Such an understanding can provide novel insights into the conditions and complexity of multiple transitions (energy, digital, technological) and provide a better foundation for future design. Our use of geo-spatial mapping to identify ‘gaps’ builds upon the work of Patrick Geddes and Jacqueline Tyrwhitt, who promoted the concept of survey-before-plan. As Tyrwhitt argued in 1950, the consistent overlaying of information can help us see patterns and outliers and derive meaning from huge, complex territories and large amounts of data (Tyrwhitt, 1950b). We can then better identify planning opportunities. Following an analysis of mapping as an analytical tool, we explore questions of sources, time, representation, and scale in the use of mapping at a time of increased availability of data. This article represents an initial effort to analyze the role of mapping as a tool of understanding, communicating, and ultimately planning through the lens of port city regions and their development over time. As a first step, it proposes conducting observations of historical geospatial mapping in port city regions in Europe: the Nieuwe Waterweg in the Netherlands, the Thames in the UK, and the Elbe in Germany. Probing the challenges and opportunities presented by historical sources, questions of representation and scale and data layers, the article concludes by proposing historical geo-spatial maps and mapping as a tool of display and comparative research and as a ‘gap finder.’
Rhythmanalysis of Urban Events: Empirical Elements from the Montreux Jazz Festival
Authors: Drevon Guillaume , Pattaroni Luca , Delley Lucien , Jacot-Descombes Fabien , Hamel Nils
Published: June 2020

This article proposes an original approach to urban events mapping. At the theoretical level, the article is based on rhythmanalysis and recent research on urban rhythms. It contrasts with previous research by departing from everyday rhythms to tackle the specific rhythms of urban events. Drawing on this theoretical framework, the article proposes to analyse the rhythms of the Montreux Jazz Festival. The article proposes two main types of rhythmic scales, linked with the historical development of the Festival and its annual performance. The methodology is based on a mixed method of data collection and an original analysis framework. The analysis of the historical rhythm is carried out based on the analysis of the festival archives and interviews with experts. The analysis uses the Time Machine visualisation device that reveals three processes of urban resonance: the spread, which shows how the festival is integrated into the existing urban fabric; the openness, which shows accessibility; and the grip, which seeks to evaluate the urban sphere of influence of the event. These different visualisations are enriched by the addition of other data, including ticket scanning and commercial transactions that show the alternance between high and low-intensity periods. These allowed us to not only confirm the impact of programming on flows, but also the effects of the wider organisation of the leisure system. The results of the analysis show that the intertwining of the two rhythmic scales produces a hyper-place that resonates both internationally and locally.
Palimpsest Metaphor: Figures and Spaces of the Contemporary Project
Authors: Viganò Paola
Published: June 2020

What are the consequences of the use of the palimpsest metaphor on the construction of the contemporary project? The metaphor casts criticism on the modern project and opens to the long-term (longue durée). The investigation of territorial rationalities brings to the fore these temporal dimensions and the organizational structures of space. Understanding territorial rationalities is inescapable to define the basis of any exploration of the future of territorial, urban-rural configurations. The metaphor of the palimpsest alludes to the meeting/clash between different times, endless modifications and transformations. Until the use of the support is not so serious as to question its very existence, directions, dynamics and, at times, fortuitous encounters interweave on its shriveled skin; forms of power and violence are measured there, which, in turn, will generate new conflicts. “Unintentional monuments” are places where this intensity of pure overlapping disconnected intentions become monumental and the substance of a project, revealing, celebrating and exposing their landscapes, as episodes of collective human and environmental history. The palimpsest as a figure in the contemporary project is not only a criticism of the modern space, but the expression of a change of direction in the design activity, of its social role and of the theories intended to support it: Design space in the second degree.
PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION OF STUDENTS IS IN KHARKIV UNIVERSITY IN THE FIRST HALF OF ХІХ OF CENTURY. (AFTER REMEMBRANCES OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS)
Authors: Sokolova Nataliia
Published: June 2020

History of development of trade education is represented in the Emperor's Kharkiv university in the first half of ХІХ of century. Methodological basis of publication was made by the historical and dialectical methods of research.

It is found out, that the Kharkiv university began work as higher educational establishment that had to give education to future officials. To the volume, in the first decade of functioning of establishment, basic attention applied not on professional preparation of future specialists, but on organizational and economic questions.

It is set that at the beginning ХІХ of century faculty advisors on 70 percents consisted of foreigners, however a situation began to change in 20-30th ХІХ of century, due to preparation of young teachers and scientists university. An educational process was taken to listening of lectures and handing over of examinations. Practical employments in an university are entered only from the second half of ХІХ of century At the beginning ХІХ of century only some teachers on own initiative conducted practical employments - rehearsals, where students could get points for the successful stowage of examinations. The analysis of remembrances of teachers and students of the Kharkiv university showed that considerable part of professors had carried out the duties not properly.Students also were not interested in the scientific thoughtful piece of work, what the wretched amount of the student advanced studies, published in the first half of ХІХ of century Moreover, testifies to, most teachers did not even try to bring over listeners to the advanced study. In general, the effective method of motivation of student young people to the studies was a punishment cell. Also, in the Kharkiv university a corruption prospered with that both higher officials and some students tried to contest.

It is well-proven that without regard to the constabulary orders set in an university in the days of reign of Nikolay І, in 30-50th, the pleiad of talented scientists that eulogized Ukrainian science was formed. Except that, the first student scientific groups begin in the Kharkiv university to be created, and self establishment will grow into one of centers of the Ukrainian national revival.
Voos e pousos nas janelas existenciais da Educação Ambiental
Authors: Cosenza Angelica , Sanchez Celso , Marcomin Fatima Elizabeti , Barzano Marco , Guimarães Mauro , Sato Michèle , Layrargues Philippe
Published: June 2020

Este artigo é um ensaio vivido na existência eloquente num momento de pandemia. Das vagas horas de solidão, do adiamento do abraço e por vezes do desespero em testemunhar a ruína planetária perante o desastre que a própria humanidade criou, acreditando que o capitalismo fosse a grande solução. Para além do mercado, as vidas não têm preço, independentemente das cores que possuam. E é enorme a contribuição da educação ambiental à ressignificação de uma nova humanidade.
MeteoEscolas, un gran de area máis na Educación Ambiental
Authors: Lage González Ana , Solovieva Soloviev Natalia , Lago Núñez Ángeles
Published: June 2020

Neste artículo trátase da aportación de MeteoGalicia no ámbito da Educación Ambiental, a través da súa participación no Plan Proxecta, co programa MeteoEscolas. A metodoloxía que se sigue en MeteoEscolas é a aprendizaxe baseada en proxectos tendo como eixo o estudio interdisciplinar, neste caso da Meteoroloxía e Observación Climatolóxica, implicando ás distintas mateiras que forman o currriculum académico nas distintas etapas educativas. O resultado deste traballo común será un proxecto composto polas actividades desenvolvidas no centro, coa participación de toda a comunidade educativa.
Seis pasos para un planeta máis limpo e saudable despois da pandemia do coronavirus
Authors: Naciones Unidas
Published: June 2020

Os efectos do confinamento sobre o medio ambiente demostraron que é posible vivir nun mundo con aire máis limpo, así como traballar e transportarnos dunha forma máis sa. Ademais, COVID-19 demostrou a necesidade de ser sa para evitar riscos maiores. A axencia da saúde das Nacións Unidas, co apoio de millóns de traballadores sanitarios, publicou un manifesto cos pasos a seguir para unha recuperación verde e saudable da pandemia.
Literacia Ambiental: estudo de caso numa turma do 6.º ano do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
Authors: Caçador Helena , Rebelo Isabel , Santos Olga
Published: June 2020

A Literacia Ambiental é um assunto incontornável no séc. XXI, pelas questões ambientais, como as alterações climáticas extremas, que podem ser cruciais na preservação da biodiversidade e qualidade de vida no nosso Planeta (Moreno & Mafra, 2019). Urge, desta forma, um comprometimento de “todos” na promoção de uma ação mais ativa e consciente na resolução dos problemas ambientais atuais e prevenção de futuros. Educar é um objetivo da sociedade e em particular do sistema educativo (Sanches, 2011). A escola constitui uma segunda “moradia” para os futuros adultos, pelo que se apresenta como o ambiente mais favorável na aquisição de novas competências, designadamente as relacionadas com a Literacia Ambiental, num gesto de respeito mútuo entre o si e o outro. O presente trabalho recai sobre um estudo de Literacia Ambiental evidenciado por um grupo de alunos que frequentam o 6.º ano do Ensino Básico. Segundo Spínola (2011, p. 290) citando Hungerford & Volk (1990) e Hollweg et. al. (2011), a conceptualização da Literacia Ambiental inclui o “domínio de quatro componentes interrelacionados: conhecimento, disposições, competências e comportamentos amigos do ambiente”. Destas quatro componentes, anteriormente referidas, destacaram-se duas, objetivo do estudo, conhecimentos e comportamentos amigos do ambiente.
Mentorship: Reflections from Middle School Mathematics Teachers
Authors: BOZKURT Erhan , ÖZKAYA Firdevs , ÇİL Tuğba , DÜLGER Melike
Published: June 2020

The aim of this phenomenology research is to define
the perceptions of middle school mathematics teachers about internship
trainers (mentor teachers and university supervisors). The perceptions of
participant teachers about internship trainers are examined under three main
themes: (i) the importance and contributions of internship trainers in their
professional development, (ii) internship trainers' approach to internships
and prospective mathematics teachers, (iii) characteristics that internship
trainers must have. The results indicate that middle school mathematics
teachers have very negative experiences and perceptions about internship
trainers.
Bilim Dünyamızın Kanayan Yarasında Yeni İcatlar veya Adı Konulmamış Yayın Etiği İhlalleri
Authors: KÖKSAL M. Fatih
Published: June 2020

Etik değerler “erdemli insan” olma ülküsünün doğal ve beklenen bir sonucudur. Yayın etiği,

bilimsel etiğin, bilimsel etik de mesleki etiğin bir parçasıdır. Mesleki etik, her meslek dalının

kendine özgü, uzun bir zaman içinde oluşmuş, doğal ve beklenen davranış normları bütünüdür.

Hangi meslek olursa olsun, mensuplarının insani, ahlaki ve vicdani bakımdan uyması gereken

ilkeler vardır. Bu ilkelerin, meslek mensubunun kendisine, meslektaşlarına, yaşadığı topluma ve

nihayet topyekûn insanlığa yönelik sorumluluk kompartımanları vardır.

Bilimsel etik bilimsel araştırma yapan herkesin uyması ve benimsemesi gereken etik/ahlaki

değerlerin genel adıdır. Bilimsel etiğin en somut tezahürü, en önemli parçası ise yayın etiğidir.

Yayın etiği, bilimsel çalışmalarda araştırmacının uyması gereken etik ilkeler bütünüdür. Yayın

etiğine riayet bilim adamında bulunması gereken doğal bir davranış biçimi olmalıdır.

Ülkemizde yayın etiği ilkeleri, ilgili kurumlar tarafından yasa, yönetmelik ve yönergeler

çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. Ne var ki uygulamada söz konusu yasa ve yönetmeliklerde

tanımlanmamış etik ihlallerin varlığı dikkatlerden kaçmamaktadır. Başka bir deyişle sahadaki

uygulamalar, yeni yasal düzenlemelerin zorunlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makalede adı

konulmamış, tanımlanmamış yayın etiği ihlalleri ele alınmıştır.
Milli Mücadele’nin Sesine Kulak Vermek: Hâkimiyet-i Milliye’nin Dilinden Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin Açılışı
Authors: YAVAŞ Mesut
Published: June 2020

İstanbul’un 16 Mart 1920 tarihinde İtilaf Devletleri’nce resmen işgali, Milli Mücadele’nin dönüm noktalarından biri olmuştur. Mustafa Kemal, İstanbul’un işgaline ve Meclis-i Mebusan’ın basılmasına çok sert tepki göstermiş ve yayımladığı bir bildiriyle, Ankara’da olağanüstü yetkilere sahip bir meclisin toplanması için seçimlerin yapılmasını istemiştir. Nitekim bu talimat üzerine kısa sürede seçimler yapılmış ve İstanbul’dan kaçarak Ankara’ya gelebilen mebusların da katılımıyla 23 Nisan 1920 tarihinde Ankara’da Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi açılmıştır. Meclis’in açılması işgale bir cevap olmuş ve Mustafa Kemal liderliğinde Anadolu’da başlatılan Millî Mücadele hareketini çok daha güçlü hale getirmiştir. Meclis’in açılmasıyla millet inisiyatifi eline almış ve kaderini tayin konusunda söz sahibi olmuştur. Fakat sürdürülmekte olan bu haklı mücadele konusunda halkın bilgilendirilmesi ve bilinçlendirilmesi için basına büyük görevler düşmüştür. Nitekim Hâkimiyet-i Milliye de bu süreçte Milli Mücadele’nin yayın organı olma görevini üstlenmiş ve bu haklı mücadelenin millete aktarılmasında önemli bir işlevi yerine getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Milli Mücadele’nin sesi olan Hâkimiyet-i Milliye gazetesine kulak verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin açılışı esnasında izlenecek yolun ve meclisin açılışı vesilesiyle ülke çapında yapılacak kutlamaların nasıl olacağı konuları Hâkimiyet-i Milliye’nin sayfalarından yansıtılmıştır. Akabinde Türk tarihinin önemli olaylarından biri olan Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin Ankara’da toplanmasının kadim Türk milleti için ne anlama geldiği, Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin vücut bulmasının altında yatan sebeplerin neler olduğu ve meclisten beklentiler, Hâkimiyet-i Milliye’nin dilinden aktarılmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin açılışı esnasında Ankara’da yaşananlar, Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin millete hitaben yayımladığı beyanname ve padişaha hitaben kaleme aldığı arzı, bu çalışmanın diğer başlıklarını oluşturmuştur.
Erzurum Kongre Süreci ve Demokratik Tartışmalar
Authors: AYDOĞAN Erdal
Published: June 2020

Mondros Mütarekesi sonrası ülkenin içinde bulunduğu kargaşa ve umutsuzluk devleti yönetenleri olduğu kadar sivil hayatı da derinden etkiledi. Bu durum karşısında Anadolu insanının yaşama arzusu ve heyecanı ise her türlü takdirin üzerindeydi. Genelde bütün Anadolu'da özelde ise Erzurum'da bu heyecan yeni oluşumlara zemin hazırladı. Bu durum Mustafa Kemal Paşa'nın Anadolu'ya gönderilmesi, akabinde de Erzurum'a gitmesi ile Mustafa Kemal Paşa merkezli Milli Mücadele'nin de önemli aşamasını oluşturdu. Erzurum Kongresi'nin toplanması ve burada ortaya çıkan gelecek tasavvuru ise bundan sonraki faaliyetlere örnek oldu. Kongrenin toplanması, işleyişi, dil ve uslubu, milli irade ve egemenlik vurgusu ile bundan sonraki faaliyetlere de örnek oldu.
A clinical study of commonly isolated organism and its antibiotic sensitivity in diabetic foot ulcers in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry
Authors: Shanmugaiah Anand , Pandian Saravanan , Selvam Sudha
Published: June 2020

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the major surgical problem leading to hospital admission. Diabetic foot ulcer patients with uncontrolled diabetes may end up in forefoot amputation. Early aggressive debridement, control of blood sugar and empirical antibiotic therapy would reduce the morbidities in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Further the knowledge of commonly isolated microbes and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern would be helpful to start empirical therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiological proﬁle of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) and assess the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative agents.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 115 patients admitted with diabetic foot ulcer over a period of 9 months from October 2015 to June 2016 at the department of general surgery, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry. Tissue scrapping samples were collected and processed as per standard guidelines.Results: 167 organisms were isolated from 115 patients. 52% of culture showed polymicrobial growth. There was increased prevalence of gram-negative organisms 53% compared to gram positive organisms 47%. When comes to individual isolate, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated 24.6% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21%. All gram-positive aerobes were sensitive to vancomycin and gram-negative isolates were sensitive to amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactum, gentamycin and cefotaxime.Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas were the common pathogens isolated. This study recommends use of vancomycin along with piperacillin-tazobactum as an empirical therapy along with adequate blood sugar control and early debridement of devitalized tissues in patients with diabetic foot infections.
Comparative evaluation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in alzheimer dementia
Authors: G Kalekar Madhav , H Jadhav Balasaheb , Abdul Jaweed Syed , Shelke Poornima
Published: June 2020

The senile dementia is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of memory, attention and cognitive functions. The oxidants- antioxidant plays important role by several mechanism by reducing toxic Amyloid-β in neurons The Alzheimer's disease is due to Amyloid-β deposition in the brain and production of neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid-β induces reactive oxygen species in brain of Alzheimer dementia patients. In the present study we evaluated the levels of Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Catalase, Vitamin C and Vitamin E and Vitamin B6 in Alzheimer dementia patients. It has been observed lower levels of Enzymatic, Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and increased serum levels of malondialdehyde significantly in Alzheimer's dementia patients as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Thus, altered oxidative stress markers may play important role in neurodegenerative diseases like Senile dementia. Serum levels of Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Catalase, Vitamin C and Vitamin E and Vitamin B6 and Malondialdehyde (indicator of Lipid peroxidation) were measured using standard methods in 50 healthy controls and 50 Alzheimer's dementia patients.
A Messianic Prophethood Claims Within Islam, Hinduism And Christianity in the Context of Zeitgeist
Authors: KÜÇÜKÖNER Halide Rumeysa
Published: June 2020

The concept of “zeitgeist” is used to express the rising values of time within the framework of the ideas that emerge in a certain period. The concept enables the understanding of similar ideas emerging in the same or different geographies at certain times. Because humanbeings often display similar attitudes in similar situations, and even if they live in different regions and geographies, they produce similar solutions to their common needs. As a matter of fact, it is understood that the similar situational so took place in the 19th century, the people struggled with disasters and wars and in connection with this, ideas related to “the End of the World” were put forward. Some people living in different parts of the world, such as the Indian sub-continent, Europe, Russia, and America, were in a "savior" expectation, and some of them were in the expectation of a “prophet” in the context of the continuity of prophethood in that time. In this context, various beliefs about the combination of salvation and prophethood institutions have also come to the agenda; thus, a new theory of prophecy, which we can call "messianic prophethood", meaning “savior-prophet”, which expresses a higher mission, has emerged. The basis of this theory was the idea that a mere “savior” would not be enough for the restoration of the deterioration in the end times and a universal savior-prophet would be needed to dissolve religious differences. This understanding carries out a significant mission in terms of understanding the spirit of that time. The aim of this study is to examine some examples of the claims of “messianic prophethood” in Islam, Hinduism and Christianity in the context of “zeitgeist”.
Fazl B. Şâzân’ın Nazarında Ehl-i Sünnet’in Şiilik Algısındaki Tutarsızlıklar (Sahabe Örneği)
Authors: TORU Ümit
Published: June 2020

Fazl b. Şâzân, 3. (10.) asrın ilk yarısında Nîşâbur’da yaşadı. O dönemde bölgede Ehl-i Sünnet ile Şia arasında bilhassa sahabe üzerinden büyük polemikler yaşanmaktaydı. Nass fikrinin oluşmasıyla birlikte Şiîler, sahabeyi Hz. Peygamber’in açık beyanlarına muhalefet etmekle itham etmeye başlamışlardı. Sünnîler ise sahabenin tamamının masum olduğunu düşünüyor, onlar hakkında olumsuz bir kanaat taşıyan herkesi bidat ehli kabul ediyorlardı. Aynı dönemde teşekkül etmeye başlayan fezâilü’s-sahâbe edebiyatı, bu düşünceye nebevî bir meşruiyet de kazandırmıştı. Fazl b. Şâzân, el-Îzâh fi’r-red alâ sâiri’l-fırak adlı eserinde, bu literatür içindeki çelişkileri ortaya koymaya çalıştı. Onun asıl amacı, Sünnîlerin Şiîlere ayrımcılık yapmasının önüne geçmek ve kendi mezhep mensuplarına toplumsal hayatta bir yer açmaktı. Muhaliflerinin kendilerine yönelttiği eleştirilerin taşıdığı iç tutarsızlıkları ortaya koymak suretiyle bu amacına ulaşmak istedi. Hiç kuşkusuz onun bu çabaları, Sünnîlerin kendilerine bakışlarını değiştiremedi. Ancak Şiîler üzerinde olumlu bir etki bıraktı ve inançlarından şüphe etmelerine engel oldu. Bu makale, öncelikle Fazl b. Şâzân’ın Ehl-i Sünnet’in sahabe ve Şiîlik algısındaki tutarsızlıkları göstermek amacıyla seçtiği rivayetler üzerine odaklanacak, ardındansa bu rivayetlerin Ehl-i Sünnet kaynaklarında gerçekten bulunup bulunmadığını tespit etmeye çalışacaktır.
Comparison between students’ perception and examination validity, reliability and items difficulty: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rezigalla Assad , Eleragi Ali , Elkhalifa Masoud , Mohammed Ammar
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Students' perception of an examination reflects their feelings, while its item analysis refers to a statistical analysis of students’ responses to examination items. The study was conducted to compare the student’s perception towards examination to its item analysis. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the college of medicine, from January to April 2019. The study used a structured questionnaire and standardized item analysis of students’ examinations. All students who had registered for semester two (2018-2019) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included students who refused to participate in the study or those who did not fill the questionnaire.
Result:  KR-20 of the examination was 0.906.  The average difficulty index of the examination was 69.4. The response rate of the questionnaire was 88.9% (40/45). Students considered the examination to be easy (70.4%). A significant correlation was reported between student perceptions towards examination difficulty and standard examination difficulty.
Discussion: Student perceptions support the evidence of examination validity.  Students were found able to estimate examination difficulty.
Keywords: Student perception, Item analysis, Assessment, validity, reliability.
The risk factors of developing diabetic foot ulcers incidence with diabetic patients in Mukalla/Yemen
Authors: Paras Maryam , Hameed Eidha A. Bin
Published: June 2020

Background: Diabetes is on the rise worldwide and is already considered as an epidemic by some experts. So, there is a need to raise awareness on the important factors that can help prevent bacterial infection in wounds of patients with diabetes.
Objective: To study the risk factors of developing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in patients with diabetes. The study is the first in Yemen to investigate the prevalence of bacterial infection in wounds of diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study carried out from November 2018 to May 2019. Twenty diabetic patients with foot ulcer and twenty without foot ulcer were examined. Risk factors and clinical profile of patients were studied by using a standardized questionnaire that included gender, age groups, past history of diabetes, duration of the disease, type of diabetes, DFU, type of ulcer, smoking, glucose level, and control of blood glucose level.
Results: The risk factors that affected significantly the occurrence of DFU were gender (0.038), age groups (0.010), and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) while hyperglycemic control, smoking, and family history were not. There was no significant difference (0.977) in mean fasting blood glucose (MBG) between the DM and DFU patients.
Conclusions: Male diabetic patients aged more than 55 years and suffering from DM for more than 10 years were most likely to have DFU.
Key words: diabetic foot ulcer, diabetes mellitus, risk factors, Yemen
Evaluation of the Adherence of Obstetricians to International Guidelines for Dispensing Misoprostol and Oxytocin in Saad Abu Ella Maternity Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Elbashir Mona , Badi Safaa , Abdulraheem Muhammad , Yousef Bashir
Published: June 2020

Background: Misoprostol and oxytocin are commonly prescribed drugs by obstetricians to induce labor and prevent postpartum hemorrhage. In Sudan, there is no national guideline for prescribing these drugs. Thus, the prescribers follow the international guidelines. Hence, our study aimed to evaluate the adherence of Sudanese obstetricians to the international guidelines for dispensing misoprostol and oxytocin.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive hospital-based study was performed at Saad Abu Ella hospital through their medical files archived in 2018 using a checklist designed by the researcher. Collected data were analyzed and presented in frequency tables using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).
Results: A total of 357 medical files were evaluated, about 50% of cases examined was in the 25–35 years age range, multigravida pregnant ladies were 62%. General indications of oxytocin and/or misoprostol were induction of labor (17%), postpartum hemorrhage prevention (PPH) after normal vaginal delivery (NVD) (30%) and cesarean sections (32%), evacuation of incomplete miscarriage (20%), and termination of pregnancy (1%). Compared to the guidelines, only 14% were given the recommended regimens for labor induction; 9.4% of women who had undergone NVD were given the recommended regimen to prevent PPH. While, 57% and 43% of the cases with incomplete miscarriage and termination of pregnancy were given the recommended regimens, respectively. Based on the correct indication, total adherence was estimated to be 17%.
Conclusions: Higher percentages of cases with incomplete miscarriage and intrauterine fetal death were given the recommended regimens to manage them. While, lower percentages of the participants were given the recommended regimens for labor induction and to prevent PPH. 
Key words: misoprostol, oxytocin, obstetricians, adherence, international guidelines
Editorial - Academic Referencing Practices
Authors: Paterson-Morgan Dr Emily
Published: June 2020

This is the first of a series of short guidance pieces on international academic standards which the Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences will be producing for researchers over the coming year. As the Senior Editor at KnE Publishing, I am honoured to have been invited to write the inaugural guest editorial in this series.
Functional Size Measurement Tool-based Approach for Mobile Game
Authors: Rusli Nur Ida Aniza , Abdullah Nur Atiqah Sia
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, software effort estimation plays an important role in software project management due to its extensive use in industry to monitor progress, and performance, determine overall productivity and assist in project planning. After the success of methods such as IFPUG Function Point Analysis, MarkII Function Point Analysis, and COSMIC Full Function Points, several other extension methods have been introduced to be adopted in software projects. Despite the efficiency in measuring the software cost, software effort estimation, unfortunately, is facing several issues; it requires some knowledge, effort, and a significant amount of time to conduct the measurement, thus slightly ruining the advantages of this approach. This paper demonstrates a functional size measurement tool, named UML Point tool, that utilizes the concept of IFPUG Function Point Analysis directly to Unified Modeling Language (UML) model. The tool allows the UML eXchange Format (UXF) file to decode the UML model of mobile game requirement and extract the diagrams into component complexity, object interface complexity, and sequence diagram complexity, according to the defined measurement rules. UML Point tool then automatically compute the functional size, effort, time, human resources, and total development cost of mobile game. Besides, this paper also provides a simple case study to validate the tool. The initial results proved that the tool could be useful to improve estimation accuracy for mobile game application development and found to be reliable to be applied in the mobile game industry.