bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positive test in Lifelines
Authors: Sidorenkov Grigory , Vonk Judith M. , Grzegorczyk Marco , Cortés-Ibañez Francisco O. , de Bock Geertruida H.
Published: November 2023

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) can affect anyone, however, it is often mixed with other respiratory diseases. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positive test.

Methods

Participants from the Northern Netherlands representative of the general population were included if filled in the questionnaire about well-being between June 2020-April 2021 and were tested for SARS-COV-2. The outcome was a self-reported test as measured by polymerase chain reaction. The data were collected on age, sex, household, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, quality of life, fatigue, symptoms and medications use. Participants were matched on sex, age and the timing of their SARS-COV-2 tests maintaining a 1:4 ratio and classified into those with a positive and negative SARS-COV-2 using logistic regression. The performance of the model was compared with other machine-learning algorithms by the area under the receiving operating curve.

Results

2564 (20%) of 12786 participants had a positive SARS-COV-2 test. The factors associated with a higher risk of SARS-COV-2 positive test in multivariate logistic regression were: contact with someone tested positive for SARS-COV-2, ≥1 household members, typical SARS-COV-2 symptoms, male gender and fatigue. The factors associated with a lower risk of SARS-COV-2 positive test were higher quality of life, inhaler use, runny nose, lower back pain, diarrhea, pain when breathing, sore throat, pain in neck, shoulder or arm, numbness or tingling, and stomach pain. The performance of the logistic models was comparable with that of random forest, support vector machine and gradient boosting machine.

Conclusions

Having a contact with someone tested positive for SARS-COV-2 and living in a household with someone else are the most important factors related to a positive SARS-COV-2 test. The loss of smell or taste is the most prominent symptom associated with a positive test. Symptoms like runny nose, pain when breathing, sore throat are more likely to be indicative of other conditions.
Predictors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a teaching hospital in Ghana: A case-control study
Authors: Afful Philomina , Vechey Godwin Adjei , Leta Peter Kipo , Gbafu Foster Bediako , Aku Fortress Yayra
Published: November 2023

Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a global health concern. The disease results in a prolonged treatment and hence, poses a financial burden to affected individuals and their families. The Ghana National TB Control Programme (NTP) has made extensive efforts to control the menace, however, it remains a concern. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the predictors of multidrug-resistant TB in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital of Ghana. An unmatched case-control study involving 37 cases and 111 controls was conducted using data of TB cases registered for treatment between January 2018 and December 2020 at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. Socio-demographic, individual level and social characteristics information were collected from respondents through telephone surveys, face-to-face interviews and review of records using a structured questionnaire built in the Kobo Collect Toolbox. The data was exported to Stata version 16.0 for analysis. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of MDR-TB. Associations were considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval with a p-value of less than 0.05. The results revealed that the majority (25 [67.6%]) of MDR-TB cases and controls (76 [68.5%]) were aged 30 years and above with a median age of 36.5 (IQR: 28–50) years for all respondents, while 20 (54.1%) of MDR-TB cases and 33 (29.7%) of controls lived in households with one room residences for their families. The following predictors for MDR-TB were identified: BCG vaccination status (AOR = 0.17,95% CI:0.07–0.45), long distance to health facility (AOR = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.55–10.87), number of rooms in residence (AOR = 0.37,95% CI: 0.14–0.99) and first place of visit upon noticing TB symptom (AOR = 4.22,95% CI:1.31–13.64). Predictors of MDR-TB in the current study were multi-faceted. Measures to control MDR-TB should target socio-demographic, health-seeking behaviour and social-related concerns.
A genome-wide and candidate gene association study of preterm birth in Korean pregnant women
Authors: Hur Young Min , Yoo Jae Young , You Young Ah , Park Sunwha , Kim Soo Min , Lee Gain , Kim Young Ju
Published: November 2023

Preterm birth (PTB) refers to delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Premature neonates exhibit higher neonatal morbidity and mortality rates than term neonates; therefore, it is crucial to predict and prevent PTB. Advancements enable the prediction and prevention of PTB using genetic approaches, especially by investigating its correlation with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We aimed to identify impactive and relevant SNPs for the prediction of PTB via whole–genome sequencing analyses of the blood of 31 pregnant women with PTB (n = 13) and term birth (n = 18) who visited the Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from November 1, 2018 to February 29, 2020. A genome-wide association study was performed using PLINK 1.9 software and 256 SNPs were selected and traced through protein-protein interactions. Moreover, a validation study by genotyping was performed on 60 other participants (preterm birth, n = 30; term birth, n = 30) for 25 SNPs related to ion channel binding and receptor complex pathways. Odds ratios were calculated using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. The risk of PTB in women with the AG allele of rs2485579 (gene name: RYR2) was significantly 4.82-fold increase, and the risk of PTB in women with the AG allele of rs7903957 (gene name: TBX5) was significantly 0.25-fold reduce. Our results suggest that rs2485579 (in RYR2) can be a genetic marker of PTB, which is considered through the association with abnormal cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and dysfunctional uterine contraction due to differences of RYR2 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Evaluating managerial competence of small, medium and micro-entrepreneurs to ensure sustainable economic development in eThekwini municipal area
Authors: Ogunsola Sijuwade Adedayo , Potwana Nobubele , Chikosha Felix
Published: November 2023

This research investigates the influence of Small, Medium, and Micro Entrepreneurs (SMMEs) on sustainable economic development in the eThekwini Municipal Area of South Africa. It focuses on the capability of SMME managers and operators to efficiently and effectively utilise available resources, ensuring their enterprises make a meaningful contribution to sustainable economic growth. Data was gathered from a diverse set of SMMEs in the eThekwini Municipal Area using a simple random sampling method, with 229 entrepreneurs participating. Key findings reveal that entrepreneurs underscore the importance of knowledge, skills, value judgments, behavioural traits, and social networks in establishing and operating successful businesses. A notable challenge identified was their limited ability to identify viable business opportunities. Nevertheless, these entrepreneurs demonstrate a commitment to maintaining their local environments and providing employment opportunities to community members, and some contribute to community development initiatives. The primary recommendation emerging from this study is providing support and tools to assist potential entrepreneurs in effectively recognising and seizing business opportunities.
INTERACTION OF PECTIN WITH THE ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG NITROXOLINE
Authors: Khvan Alla Mikhaylovna , Abdurazakov Askar Sheralievich
Published: November 2023

The process of macromolecular complexation of natural polymer pectin with nitroxoline, which has antibacterial activity, was studied in order to increase the solubility of the drug and, consequently, its therapeutic efficiency. By potentiometric titration it has been shown that in dilute aqueous solutions in a wide range of slightly acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH medium, the electrostatic binding of nitroxoline with pectin occurs. In the most optimal for medical preparations neutral region pH 7 the conversion depth of this reaction was calculated. The depth of conversion of pectin carboxyl groups ɵ1 for various studied ratios P : NOC=10 : 1, 5 : 1, 3 : 1 is 0.052, 0.076, and 0.095, respectively. The corresponding values of the conversion depth for nitroxoline ɵ2 are somewhat larger and amount to 0.52, 0.38, 0.32, respectively, for the studied ratios. That is, the calculation shows that not all reactive carboxyl groups of pectin and amino groups of the medicinal substance participate in electrostatic interaction.

By the viscometry method it has been established the decrease of the pectin solution viscosity in the presence of nitroxoline. This indicates that electrostatic bonding of the low molecular weight medicinal substance NOC leads to the hydrophobization of the pectin macromolecule.

Comparative data, obtained by the method of derivatographic analysis, indicate, that the thermal characteristics of the studied complex of nitroxoline with pectin differ from the thermal parameters of the initial components and is thermally more stable. This confirms the formation of the product of chemical interaction - the complex of pectin with NOC.
ANTHOCYANINS IN LILAC FLOWERS SYRINGA VULGARIS
Authors: Blinova Irina Petrovna , Deyneka Viktor Ivanovich , Salasiina Yaroslava Yur'yevna , Oleynits Yelena Yur'yevna , Deyneka Lyudmila Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2023

Anthocyanins from flowers of common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) of various color intensities and shades of lilac color from nine samples purchased at the Belgorod market were studied using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. To determine the structure of anthocyanins, we used the analysis of electronic absorption spectra recorded in the cuvette of a diode array detector and the analysis of mass spectra obtained by electrospray ionization with partial fragmentation. As a result, it was found that in all the studied samples the main component was delphinidin-3-rutinoside (84–90% by peak areas in the chromatogram). The level of cyanidin-3-rutinoside biosynthesis was significantly lower (6–19.6%). Among the minor compounds, delphinidin-3-glucoside and petunidin-3-glucoside were found. Among the unusual compounds, pyranoanthocyanin, built on the basis of delphinidin-3-rutinoside due to condensation with pyruvic acid, was found in a number of studied samples, but the reasons for its appearance have not yet been established. The total content of anthocyanins is low and amounts to 0.020–0.120 g per 100 g of fresh material (depending on the color intensity of the original plant material) in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside. By drying flowers on a cut branch, air-dried material was obtained containing 0.100–0.300 g per 100 g of anthocyanins.
STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN THE LEAVES OF THE SEA BUCKTHORN OF THE CIR-CULAR (HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L.)
Authors: Kovaleva Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Trineeva Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Chuvikova Irina Vyacheslavovna , Safonova Elena Feodorovna
Published: November 2023

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a promising medicinal plant for harvesting not only fruits, but also leaves as a medicinal plant raw material (MPRМ). Leaf extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, adaptogenic and immunostimulatory properties due to the complex of biologically active substances (BAS) (tannins, organic acids and flavonoids), which confirms their value as MPRM for the development of herbal medicines (HMP) on their basis. The aim of the work was to study the composition of organic acids (including amino acids) of sea buckthorn leaves of various phenological phases of the harvest. The object of the study is the dried leaves of sea buckthorn of three phenological phases of plant life (I – the phase of fruit set, II – the phase of single fruit ripening, III – the phase of mass ripening of fruits) collected on the territory of the Voronezh region and dried leaves of sea buckthorn in 2021. The objectives of the study included a comprehensive study of the composition of the fraction of organic acids in leaves (free and bound) using the methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis. The data obtained showed that, in general, the qualitative composition of the BAS of the group of acids of the studied leaf phenophases is similar to each other, but differs quantitatively. For the harvesting of this medicinal product on an industrial scale, from the point of view of the content of the total organic acids, the harvesting phase can be recommended, since early deleafing can lead to a decrease in the accumulation of valuable BAS groups in fruits – the source of the pharmacopoeial preparation «Oil of Hippophaës».
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TURKESTAN SOAPROOT ALLOCHRUSA GYP-SOPHILOIDES (REGEL) SCHISCHK GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Mursaliyeva Valentina Kadamovna , Mukhanov Tlek Manarbekovich , Gemejiyeva Nadezhda Gennad'yevna , Yeskaliyeva Balakyz Kymyzgalievna
Published: November 2023

Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Regel) Schischk. Turkestan soaproot (TSR), a Central Asian endemic has commercial value as a producer of triterpene saponins. Spectrophotometric determination of saponins was carried out in the roots and the aerial part of wild plants during vegetation in the south of Kazakhstan. The level of saponins, phenols, and flavonoids in the seeds, aerial parts, and roots was assessed. The following ascending order in the saponins content: seeds-aerial part-root, was revealed. An increase in the saponins levels in the roots during the growing season with a maximum of 9.6% in fruiting was established. A high saponins amount (6%) was detected in the aerial part during the flowering which decreased twice at the fruiting. The antioxidant activity and foaming index of the total ethanol extracts from the initial and deposited plant materials were determined. The maximum antioxidant activity (35.5%) and antiradical properties (IC50 1480) in vitro were found in extracts from the aerial part with the highest content of flavonoids and phenols. It was revealed that long-term storage of roots contributes to an increase in saponins levels and in their surfactant properties. The data obtained indicate the possibility of alternative use of the aerial parts of Allochrysa gypsophiloides at the flowering for obtaining triterpene saponins and phenolic substances with antioxidant activity.
THE OBTAINING RHODIOLA ROSEA L. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS (OVERVIEW)
Authors: Zhdanov Dmitriy Aleksandrovich , Ryazanova Tat'yana Konstantinovna , Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Kurkina Anna Vladimirovna , Braslavsky Valeriy Borisovich
Published: November 2023

Due to its rich chemical composition including unique biologically active compounds the gold root (Rhodiola rosea L.) is still of interest to researchers all over the world. However, deficiency of the raw material base and metabolome variability are determination the modern development ways of pharmacologically active substances in vitro obtaining. The article summarizes and systematizes the information about of Rhodiola rosea biologically active compounds obtaining, which are most often obtaining from callus tissues. Callus tissue is usually obtaining from leaf explants, and Murashige and Skoog medium with plant growth regulators in various combinations and concentrations is most commonly used for its induction. At the same time, the tissue growth efficiency and target compounds accumulation depends on the intact plant genotype, the precursors presence of these compounds in the medium, elicitors, as well as external influence factors. Recently, a promising direction is the transgenic hairy roots cultivation, which reveals new aspects of synthesis, accumulation and secondary metabolites production regulation. Biosynthesis genetic regulation of significant secondary metabolites is also a promising direction. Numerous studies have demonstrated that salidroside biosynthesis depends on the expression of the TyrDC gene encoding tyrosinedecarboxylase. Consequently, understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms opens up opportunities for its regulation and metabolic engineering. In this regard, biotechnological methods may be a priority to obtaining salidroside, rosin and their derivatives at higher or at least comparable levels with wild type or cultivated plants.
Among the various biotechnological strategies used to increase the accumulation of salidroside and glycosides of cinnamic alcohol in cells and cultures of Rhodiola organs, the approach with the addition of the metabolic precursors to the nutrient medium proved to be the most effective. In vitro cultures, a significant increase in the production of rosin and its derivatives was observed when precursors (cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde) were added to the medium.
Universal Bibliographic Control: Understanding the Mechanism of Interntional standard book Number ISBN
Authors: Kuku David
Published: November 2023

The Internationl Standard Book Number ISBN is one of the veritable tools for Universal bibliographic control mechanisms. In this article the author explains how the the ISBN system works aacross cuntries and regions. The discussion narrowed down to Nigeria perspective. The author also looked at the details conponents of the ISBN tool.
Location location location: a carbon footprint calculator for transparent travel to the UN Climate Conference 2022
Authors: Barnsley Jonathan , Williams Jhénelle A. , Chin-Yee Simon , Costello Anthony , Maslin Mark , McGlade Jacqueline , Taylor Richard , Winning Matthew , Parikh Priti
Published: November 2023

Addressing the large carbon footprint of conferences such as the United Nations Climate Change Convention Conference of the Parties (COP) will be important for maintaining public confidence in climate policy. Transparency is also a vital aspect of creating equitable outcomes in climate policies, as those most likely to be affected or who can create change on the ground are often unable to attend in person because of the high financial costs as well as having a large carbon footprint. The selection of host locations for the regular meetings of the UN Climate Change Convention is based on a rotation amongst the five UN regions, which for 2022 was Africa. Here, we present a carbon footprint calculator for travel to COP 27 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, weighing the benefits of certain routes and modes of transport. The calculator demonstrates the well-known carbon efficiency of coach and rail over flights but shows that these benefits were partly diminished in the case of COP 27 due to insufficient transport links from Europe to the conference location. However, we also highlight some of the benefits of hosting a COP in the Global South, particularly in the context of climate justice. Users of the calculator are invited to consider all their options for travel and acknowledge the issue of climate justice through careful selection of carbon offsets.
FEATURES OF ISSUING APPLICATION AUTHORIZATION PROTOCOLS FOR QUARTZ OSCILLATORS
Authors: Vasilyeva L. A. , Boichuk M. I. , Mikaeva S. A. , Vasilyev N. A.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with questions on the use of quartz oscillators in equipment in conditions and modes other than those specified in the technical specifications. Options are considered in which it is possible to obtain permission to increase the shelf life or gamma-percentage operating time specified in the technical specifications. Recommendations are given on which data sources should be relied upon when calculating the duration of accelerated reliability tests of piezoelectronic products. An example of calculating the duration of accelerated reliability tests of quartz oscillators in the GK108-P SMD package is given to justify obtaining permission to expand the scope (use) of the equipment during the gamma-percentage operating time when using one accelerating factor – elevated temperature for a period of 150,000 hours at a temperature of 70 °C. The results of the calculation are analyzed and the procedure after the tests is indicated to justify obtaining permission to use generators in conditions other than those specified in the technical specifications.
Pathogenicity of Botryodiplodia theobromae on Sandalwood Stems and Its in Vitro Inhibition by Trichoderma spp.
Authors: Wolagole Sane , Simamora Agnes Virginia , Hahuly Mayavira Veronica
Published: November 2023

Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk menentukan patogenisitas Botryodiplodia theobromae dalam menginfeksi batang cendana dan menguji kemampuan 10 isolat Trichoderma spp. dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dua isolat B. theobromae secara in vitro. Uji patogenisitas dilakukan dengan menginokulasi potongan isolat B. theobromae pada batang cendana. Uji antagonis dilakukan menggunakan metode kultur ganda dengan 10 isolat Trichoderma spp. dan  dua isolat B. Theobromae sebagai kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil uji patogenisitas membuktikan bahwa B. theobromae menyebabkan gejala penyakit dimulai pada hari ke 30 setelah inokulasi. Hasil uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa isolat-isolat Trichoderma spp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan dua isolat B. theobromae melalui antibiosis dan kompetisi. Penghambatan terbaik terhadap B. theobromae Bt01 dicapai oleh T. viride TVJKS (53.20%), sedangkan penghambatan terbaik terhadap B. theobromae Bt02 dicapai oleh T. hamatum THAK (53.26%).
Rising adoption of artificial intelligence in scientific publishing: evaluating the role, risks, and ethical implications in paper drafting and review process
Authors: Carobene Anna , Padoan Andrea , Cabitza Federico , Banfi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario
Published: November 2023

Background

In the rapid evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), scientific publishing is experiencing significant transformations. AI tools, while offering unparalleled efficiencies in paper drafting and peer review, also introduce notable ethical concerns.

Content

This study delineates AI’s dual role in scientific publishing: as a co-creator in the writing and review of scientific papers and as an ethical challenge. We first explore the potential of AI as an enhancer of efficiency, efficacy, and quality in creating scientific papers. A critical assessment follows, evaluating the risks vs. rewards for researchers, especially those early in their careers, emphasizing the need to maintain a balance between AI’s capabilities and fostering independent reasoning and creativity. Subsequently, we delve into the ethical dilemmas of AI’s involvement, particularly concerning originality, plagiarism, and preserving the genuine essence of scientific discourse. The evolving dynamics further highlight an overlooked aspect: the inadequate recognition of human reviewers in the academic community. With the increasing volume of scientific literature, tangible metrics and incentives for reviewers are proposed as essential to ensure a balanced academic environment.

AI’s incorporation in scientific publishing is promising yet comes with significant ethical and operational challenges. The role of human reviewers is accentuated, ensuring authenticity in an AI-influenced environment.

Outlook

As the scientific community treads the path of AI integration, a balanced symbiosis between AI’s efficiency and human discernment is pivotal. Emphasizing human expertise, while exploit artificial intelligence responsibly, will determine the trajectory of an ethically sound and efficient AI-augmented future in scientific publishing.
Factors influencing diagnostic accuracy among intensive care unit clinicians – an observational study
Authors: Bergl Paul A. , Shukla Neehal , Shah Jatan , Khan Marium , Patel Jayshil J. , Nanchal Rahul S.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Diagnostic errors are a source of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, contextual factors influencing clinicians’ diagnostic performance have not been studied in authentic ICU settings. We sought to determine the accuracy of ICU clinicians’ diagnostic impressions and to characterize how various contextual factors, including self-reported stress levels and perceptions about the patient’s prognosis and complexity, impact diagnostic accuracy. We also explored diagnostic calibration, i.e. the balance of accuracy and confidence, among ICU clinicians.

Methods

We conducted an observational cohort study in an academic medical ICU. Between June and August 2019, we interviewed ICU clinicians during routine care about their patients’ diagnoses, their confidence, and other contextual factors. Subsequently, using adjudicated final diagnoses as the reference standard, two investigators independently rated clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy and on each patient on a given day (“patient-day”) using 5-point Likert scales. We conducted analyses using both restrictive and conservative definitions of clinicians’ accuracy based on the two reviewers’ ratings of accuracy.

Results

We reviewed clinicians’ responses for 464 unique patient-days, which included 255 total patients. Attending physicians had the greatest diagnostic accuracy (77–90 %, rated as three or higher on 5-point Likert scale) followed by the team’s primary fellow (73–88 %). Attending physician and fellows were also least affected by contextual factors. Diagnostic calibration was greatest among ICU fellows.

Conclusions

Additional studies are needed to better understand how contextual factors influence different clinicians’ diagnostic reasoning in the ICU.
Generalized Euclidean operator radius
Authors: Alomari Mohammad W. , Sababheh Mohammad , Conde Cristian , Moradi Hamid Reza
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we introduce the f-operator radius of Hilbert space operators as a generalization of the Euclidean operator radius and the q-operator radius. The properties of the newly defined radius are discussed, emphasizing how it extends some known results in the literature.
BV capacity and perimeter in abstract Wiener spaces and applications
Authors: Liu Guiyang , Wang He , Liu Yu
Published: November 2023

This paper is devoted to introducing and
investigating the bounded variation capacity and the perimeter
in the abstract Wiener space X, thereby discovering some related
inequalities. Functions of bounded variation in an abstract Wiener
space X have been studied by many scholars. As the continuation of this research, we define the corresponding BV capacity

cap
H

⁡

(
⋅
)

{\operatorname{cap}_{H}(\,\cdot\,)}

(now called abstract Wiener BV capacity) and
investigate its properties. We also investigate some properties
of sets of finite γ-perimeter, with γ being a Gaussian measure.
Subsequently, the isocapacitary inequality associated with

cap
H

⁡

(
⋅
)

{\operatorname{cap}_{H}(\,\cdot\,)}

is presented and we are able to show that it is
equivalent to the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality. Finally, we
prove that every set of finite γ-perimeter in X has mean
curvature in

L
1

⁢

(
X
,
γ
)

{L^{1}(X,\gamma)}

.
The noncausal/causal alternation in Kagulu, an East Ruvu Bantu language of Tanzania
Authors: Dom Sebastian , Bar-el Leora , Kanijo Ponsiano Sawaka , Petzell Malin
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the formal correspondences between the members of verb pairs participating in the noncausal/causal alternation in Kagulu, a Bantu language from Tanzania. Our investigation shows that Kagulu has a predominance of equipollent verb pairs, with the anticausative and causative correspondences following close behind. We argue that, diachronically, the causative correspondence was much more prominent than it is in present-day Kagulu. However, due to morphophonological changes triggered by the historical causative suffix *-i, a significant number of verb pairs that are diachronically causative can be synchronically reanalyzed as equipollent. This study highlights the complexity of diachronic morphology in synchronic analyses of comparative-typological phenomena such as the noncausal/causal alternation, and contributes to the growing body of research on noncausal/causal verb pairs in African languages.
Preliminary data on cytotoxicity and functional group assessment of a herb–mineral combination against colorectal carcinoma cell line
Authors: Jayakumar Remya , Dash Manoj Kumar , Gulati Saumya , Pandey Akanksha , Trigun Surendra Kumar , Joshi Namrata
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The invasive screening methods and the late stage diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are contributing for the devastative prognosis. The gradual shift of the disease pattern among younger generations requires the implementation of phytochemicals and traditional medicines. Arkeshwara rasa (AR) is a herb–mineral combination of Tamra bhasma/incinerated copper ashes and Dwigun Kajjali/mercury sulphide levigated with Calotropis procera leaf juice, Plumbago zeylanica root decoction and the decoction of three myrobalans (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, Emblica Officinalis decoction)/Triphala decoction.

Methods

The SW-480 cell line was checked for the cytotoxicity and the cell viability criteria with MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) assay revealed the depth of apoptosis affected cells in the fluorescent images. The FTIR analysis exhibited the graphical spectrum of functional groups within the compound AR.

Results

The IC50 from the 10−7 to 10−3 concentrations against SW-480 cells was 40.4 μg/mL. The staining of AO/EtBr was performed to visualize live and dead cells and it is evident from the result that number of apoptotic cells increases at increasing concentration of AR. The single bond with stretch vibrations of O–H and N–H are more concentrated in the 2,500–3,200 cm−1 and 3,700–4,000 cm−1 of the spectra whereas, the finger print region carries the O–H and S=O type peaks.

Conclusions

The AR shows strong cyto-toxicity against the SW-480 cells by inducing apoptosis. It also modulates cellular metabolism with the involvement of functional groups which antagonizes the strong acids. Moreover, these effects need to be analyzed further based in the in vivo and various in vitro models.
Der dritte Mann der Aufklärung
Authors: Böhmer Sebastian
Published: November 2023

The article focusses on a conceptual gap concerning the technical activities of artisans whom we would call today engineers during the Age of Enlightenment. Research has not yet been able to fill this discursive gap systematically, which is located between science and craft. This article will first identify this lacunae and then contribute to further differentiating how knowledge was constructed at that time. It then explores the examples of the discourses surrounding the first balloon flights (after 1783) and the pioneers of aviation, above all the little-appreciated »showman« Jean-Pierre Blanchard, as well as Christian Wolff’s concept of a third man, an early notion of the modern engineer from the spirit of the enlightenment itself. Finally, an analysis of Jean Paul’s tale Das Kampaner Tal (1797) will be presented as a poetic adaptation of the discursive connection between technics and religion.
Die Totenmaske als Medium der kleinen Form
Authors: Öhlschläger Claudia
Published: November 2023

The following article examines feuilletonistic texts and short prose in which death is treated as the incommensurable. These small pieces appeared in scattered places and explored symbolic behavior and thus the historical point of view taken towards the dead and the past. In these 1920s texts, my article discusses memorial functions shaped by nationalistic and masculinist codes. The cult surrounding the dead-mask plays a central role here. My readings show that it is precisely the small modernist form in its brevity, scarcity, and ephemerality, that takes on an archival function and, in the age of the masses, goes beyond commemorating the »individual spirit« (Hofmannsthal). In conclusion my article will contrast the 1920s pieces with 21st century essayistic short prose by Durs Grünbein und Mary Ruefle. When these contemporary authors address dead-masks or death cults, they critically question idealism, or, as in the case of Mary Ruefle, heighten it with an almost intimate gesture into the uncanny and grotesque.
Effect of reducing agents on structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical properties of Mn2O3 nanoparticles by co-precipitation method
Authors: Swaminathan Kiruthika , Kuppusamy Ramesh , Govindaraju Viruthagiri , Thirugnanam Thilagavathi , Dinesh Ayyar , Ponnusamy Sasikumar , Iqbal Munawar , Ayyar Manikandan
Published: November 2023

In this work, two different reducing agents namely sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide (NaOH and KMnO4) were used to synthesis of manganese oxide (Mn2O3) nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method and examined for the electrochemical applications. The as-prepared Mn2O3 nanoparticles using NaOH precursor, dried in a hot oven at 80 °C for 6 h (MN-1) and then annealed for 7 h at 600 °C (MN-2). Similarly, Mn2O3 nanoparticles were prepared using KMnO4 precursor, dried in a hot oven at 80 °C for 6 h (MK-1) and then annealed for 7 h at 450 °C (MK-2), respectively. The influences of reducing agents on structural, morphological and optical properties were investigated. The structural analysis revealed the prepared samples had tetragonal crystal structures with better crystallinity. FT-IR spectral analysis revealed the characteristic bonds of Mn–O–Mn were observed in the region of 486–573 cm−1. The FE-SEM and HR-TEM images showed coral-like and nanorod structures for samples MN-2 and MK-2, with exhibited lattice value of 0.27 nm related to the (222) plane. The presence of the elements manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O) was confirmed by EDAX mapping. The XPS study confirmed that the oxidation state of the prepared samples was +2. The UV-Vis spectra suggested that the adsorption edge was blue-shifted compared to the sample MN-2. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments demonstrated that charge storage in Mn2O3 exhibited faradic-dominated capacitive behavior. MN-2 nanorod structures were obtained at excellent specific capacitance value of 196 F g−1 compared to MK-2 nanoparticles. Based on this study, Mn2O3 nanoparticles was recommended as exceptional electrode materials for efficient supercapacitor applications due to its superior electrical conductivity, large surface area and redox properties.
Skin-Core Scanning Strategy in LPBF Processed Ti6Al4V: Effects on Microstructure and Microhardness
Authors: Pathania Akshay , Subramaniyan Anand Kumar , Bommanahalli Kenchappa Nagesha
Published: November 2023

The skin-core scanning strategy in the present study was employed to observe microstructural changes in laser powder bed fusion processed Ti6Al4V. The microstructural characterization was carried out using optical microscopy and microhardness tests were performed. The microstructural investigation indicated that the skin region had a 34 % smaller grain size than the core region, and the presence of α martensite needles. Because of the finer grains, the microhardness values were marginally higher on the skin than in the core region. The current study’s findings open a pathway to tailor functional and architectured microstructures with desired mechanical properties for end-use critical applications.
MUSHROOM CONSUMPTION HABITS IN TURKIYE
Authors: EYİLER KAYA Esen , ÖZTÜRK Nurhan
Published: November 2023

The per capita mushroom consumption rate in Türkiye is known to be lower compared to developed countries. In this regard, a statistical study aiming to reveal mushroom consumption habits has been conducted. The statistical results of the study were analyzed using the chi-square test. A survey consisting of 17 questions determining socio-demographic information and certain mushroom consumption habits was carried out with 1302 participants collected from all regions. According to the survey results, 1116 individuals consume mushrooms. 47.2% of the participants consume mushrooms several times a month. The most common preference for mushroom consumption was the delicious taste. The highest consumption rate was in the 18-45 age range, with over 50%. Within this age range, mushrooms were mostly consumed as a main course, on pizza, and as a garnish. The reasons for not consuming mushrooms were primarily not liking the taste, not being accustomed to the flavor, and lack of trust.
Sibelius in Japan
Authors: Lehtonen Lasse
Published: November 2023

The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) is extraordinarily popular in Japan; he is among the most frequently performed orchestral composers, and even Empress Emerita Michiko is known as a Sibelius enthusiast. This article charts the composer’s rise to prominence and investigates his reception in Japan by analyzing Japanese discourses on his music. These discourses have tended to frame Sibelius in specific spatio-cultural contexts such as Finnishness or Nordicness, frequently emphasizing his proximity to nature. While this tendency is also common to the reception of Sibelius in other parts of the world, the meanings assigned to Sibelius’s Finnishness and affinity with nature in Japan are distinct. Unlike in Western Europe, where such characterizations are deployed to imply the peripherality of his music, in Japan they serve to highlight aspects of sameness between Sibelius’s music and domestic Japanese discourses about nature. This process represents an intriguing dynamic wherein cultural meaning is negotiated at a complex intersection of two discursive spheres.
Learning and Recalling Melodies
Authors: Silas Sebastian , Müllensiefen Daniel
Published: November 2023

Using melodic recall paradigm data, we describe an algorithmic approach to assessing melodic learning across multiple attempts. In a first simulation experiment, we reason for using similarity measures to assess melodic recall performance over previously utilized accuracy-based measures. In Experiment 2, with up to six attempts per melody, 31 participants sang back 28 melodies (length 15–48 notes) presented either as a piano sound or a vocal audio excerpt from real pop songs. Our analysis aimed to predict the similarity between the target melody and participants’ sung recalls across successive attempts. Similarity was measured with different algorithmic measures reflecting various structural (e.g., tonality, intervallic) aspects of melodies and overall similarity. However, previous melodic recall research mentioned, but did not model, that the length of the sung recalls tends to increase across attempts, alongside overall performance. Consequently, we modeled how the attempt length changes alongside similarity to meet this omission in the literature. In a mediation analysis, we find that a target melody’s length, but not other melodic features, is the main predictor of similarity via the attempt length. We conclude that sheer length constraints appear to be the main factor when learning melodies long enough to require several attempts to recall. Analytical features of melodic structure may be more important for shorter melodies, or with stimulus sets that are structurally more diverse than those found in the sample of pop songs used in this study.
Health Promotion Model through Peer Group Education on Health Behavior Change
Authors: Lufthiani Lufthiani , Zahara Siti , Sitepu Nunung Febriany
Published: November 2023

Adolescence is also a period of mental change that can fluctuate. This pandemic results in changes in any behavior related to adolescents. The psychological condition of adolescents, who are generally still vulnerable and easily disturbed, is further exacerbated by conditions in the surrounding environment that do not support them in carrying out their usual activities. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the health promotion model through the peer group education method on changes in health behavior intentions in adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic in Medan City. The research method used a quasi-experimental pretest and post-test design with one control group with a sample of 65 adolescents aged 13-18 years using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using the Paired t test (p = 0.000). The results of the analysis stated that there was an effect of providing education using the peer group education method given to adolescents on changes in adolescent behavior during the covid 19 pandemic which was seen from the aspect of reproductive health, adolescent psychological disorders and the impact of using gadgets that must be supervised by parents
Analysis of Feeding Behavior and Family Food Security as a Stunting Risk Factor in Semarang City
Authors: Najib Najib , Giyarsih Sri Rum , Listyaningsih Umi , Nawawi Nawawi
Published: November 2023

Stunting can be caused by many factors, including how a mother feeds her child. How much a family eats and how secure their food supply affects the number of short toddlers. This study examines feeding behavior, family food security, and stunting in Semarang. Quantitative observational analytic case-control study of 83,397 stunting-risk families. This study included 100 Semarang families at risk of stunting, with 50 cases (cases) and 50 controls (controls). This study used univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between feeding behavior and the incidence of stunting in Semarang City (p value = 0.002, OR = 4.030, 95% CI 1.712–9.488). Children who are cared for with inappropriate feeding behavior have a significantly greater risk of experiencing stunting compared to children who are cared for with appropriate feeding behavior. In addition, the relationship between family food security and the incidence of stunting in the city of Semarang was also confirmed to be statistically significant (p value = 0.000, OR = 6.833, 95% CI 2.732-17.093). Children who are cared for in food-insecure families are six times more at risk of experiencing stunting compared to children who are cared for in food-secure families. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between feeding behavior and family food security and the incidence of stunting in the city of Semarang.
Medical Waste Incineration Ash Waste: Impact On Environmental Health And Its Potential To Be Used For Paving Blocks
Authors: Rachmawati Siti , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Budiyono Budiyono
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT : It is known that medical waste has increased in recent years due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which was followed by an increase in ash from burning medical waste processing using incinerators. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of using medical waste incineration ashes on health and the environment, as well as the potential for using solidification techniques to make the ash into paving blocks. The ash used was obtained from a medical waste processing facility in Surakarta, Indonesia's Central Java. The test object was created using seven different combinations of ash, sand, and cement with a water-cement ration of 0.5 and cured for 28 days. The optimum compressive strength condition was determined as the basis for the composition of medical waste incineration ash as a mixture of paving block raw materials, which was then tested for the content of heavy metal compounds using the SNI 8808: 2019 method. According to research, the ash from medical waste incineration contains heavy metal compounds such as Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cd and has the potential to be used as a mortar mixture. Six of the seven mortar compositions with the addition of incineration medical waste ash met the compressive strength requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996 for category D paving blocks to be used in parks and other places.
A Nurse’s Performance, Personality, and Situation Awareness in Fall Risk Prevention
Authors: Arindani Farichah Septiana , Mustikawati Bernadetta Indah , Chalidyanto Djazuly
Published: November 2023

One indicator of a nurse’s performance evaluation regarding implementing patient safety programs in hospitals is the risk of a patient falling. An audit of fall risk prevention at Siloam Hospitals in Surabaya was used to evaluate nurses’ performance in preventing patient falls. The impact of personality and situation awareness characteristics on the nurse’s output performance in preventing fall risk was examined. A cross-sectional research design was used in the observational analytic research method. Forty-five nurses made up the total sample. The EPPS and SEAFAP questionnaire were the instruments used in the data analysis, which applied the linear regression test. The following personal characteristics have a p-value of 0.05 or less: Order (p-value 0.016), Autonomy (p-value 0.019), Affiliate (p-value 0.012), Succorance (p-value 0.012), and Nurturance (p-value 0.009). With a p-value of 0.040, situation awareness impacts output performance. Both overall personality and situation awareness have a p-value of 0.006 and influence output performance, respectively. Situation awareness and personality-based needs have an impact on output performance. To provide specific solutions to improve the probability of patients falling, the recommendations for enhancing the fall risk prevention programs can be carried out through discussion and interviews.
Design of a Proning Mattress to Increase Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Respiratory Problems
Authors: Rosida Luluk , Fitriahadi Enny , Ariyanto Andry , Fajarini Nurbita , Nursanti Widya
Published: November 2023

Posisi pronasi yang tepat terbukti dapat meningkatkan saturasi oksigen pada pasien dengan gangguan pernafasan, namun demikian masih muncul banyak kebingungan dikarenakan pengaturan posisi pronasi hanya dianjurkan dengan menggunakan penyangga bantal di beberapa titik tubuh pasien. Perbedaan ukuran bantal sangat dimungkinkan terjadi pada setiap pengaturan posisi di tempat yang berbeda, sehingga diperlukan alat pengatur posisi pronasi yang sudah presisi, aman, nyaman dan dapat langsung digunakan oleh pasien dengan keluhan sesak nafas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengembangkan prototipe “marning” (matras proning)  untuk mempermudah melakukan posisi pronasi  dalam upaya  meningkatkan saturasi Oksigen pada pasien dengan  keluhan sesak nafas.  Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat Matras proning yang  didesain dengan mempertimbangkan bentuk anatomi dan ergonomi tubuh, sehingga sudah sangat presisi dalam meningkatkan saturasi oksigen. Uji presisi dan ergonomi tubuh untuk pembuatan dan penentuan ukuran  matras  dilakukan melalui  pengukuran terhadap 20 responden  dengan berbagai macam postur baik laki laki maupun perempuan. Pengukuran dilakukan  di laboratorium klinik fisioterapi. Setelah itu hasil prototipe matras diuji efektifitasnya pada pasien sesak nafas untuk melihat peningkatan saturasi oksigen sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan matras proning. Uji efektifitas dilakukan di Poli Infeksi Puskesmas pathuk 1 Gunungkidul Yogyakarta sebagai mitra pada penelitian ini.  Model teknologi ini sudah berhasil dibuat prototipenya dan telah diujicobakan pada 8 responden dengan keluhan sesak nafas, hasilnya terjadi peningkatan saturasi oksigen pada 80% pasien dengan keluhan sesak nafas  (saturasi dibawah 95%). Matras ini didesain untuk menggantikan penggunaan bantal pada pengaturan posisi proning yang umum. Desain marning yang mempertimbangkan bentuk anatomi dan ergonomi tubuh menghasilkan ukuran yang presisi sehingga mencegah bantal bergeser. Inovasi ini memungkinkan pasien melakukan posisi proning yang tepat, nyaman dan juga sangat efektif dan efisien karena dapat langsung digunakan secara mandiri, namun demikian alat yang dikembangkan perlu penyempurnaan pada riset berikutnya, untuk mendapatkan alat yang lebih ringan sehingga mudah untuk dipindahkan dan dibawa kemana saja.