bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust premium in the second-hand housing market: evidence from the negotiation rate
Authors: Zhang Fang , Zhang Hang , Zhang Yun
Published: August 2023

Trust is an important social capital and informal institution that influences transaction behaviors, especially in the second-hand housing market of China. This study analyzes the second-hand housing transactions of 17 cities and matches the birthplaces of these traders with CESS2000 to measure the degree of trust in each transaction. Then we use the combined dataset to examine the impact of the degree of trust on the bargaining power during the negotiation process. The empirical results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between the degree of trust and negotiation rate, and buyers are more likely to capture trust premium. Moreover, “youth capital” emphasizes the role of trust in price bargaining during the second-hand housing transactions. Local advantage has a substitution effect on trust, which means it is an alternative explanation of trust affecting price bargaining during the second-hand housing transactions. Furthermore, the impact of trust varies by gender with male traders being more affected than female traders. All in all, this study provides practical implications of trust premium in housing transactions, and policy implications of establishing a social credit system. Governments can reduce transaction friction and transaction costs by establishing an appropriate formal institution, such as a personal credit database. As research on trust premium affecting micro-behaviors in the housing market is scarce, this study aims to fill this gap.
A historical perspective on informal institutional and international entrepreneurship
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Liu Linlin
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a historical perspective is taken to investigate the variations in institutional and international entrepreneurship that occur throughout Africa. Drawing on the institutional theory of international entrepreneurship, we introduce ethnic fractionalization as an informal institution that influences new venture internationalization in African countries. Further, we identify the historical traumatic shock exerted by the epidemic disease spread by tsetse flies as the driver of the relationship between ethnic fractionalization and new venture internationalization. Based on a sample of 33,621 firm-year observations covering 40 African countries, Our empirical findings provide important insights into international entrepreneurship in Africa and offers a theoretical extension into the historical origins of informal institutions.
Outdoor use stability improvement of the baseline output from a quartz oscillator pressure sensor
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi
Published: August 2023

Stability of the output obtained from a pressure sensor using a quartz oscillator for outdoor measurement was improved by the normalization of pressure and temperature changes. Maximum fluctuation ratio, which is the index of the fluctuation, was reduced sufficiently to a practical level by the present pressure- and temperature- normalization. This level corresponds to the degree of the level which shows 0.33% of the output, which is in agreement with the application for hydrogen sensing.
Liouville conformal field theory on even-dimensional spheres
Authors: Cerclé Baptiste
Published: August 2023

Initiated by Polyakov in his 1981 seminal work, the study of two-dimensional Liouville conformal field theory has drawn considerable attention over the past few decades. Recent progress in the understanding of conformal geometry in dimension higher than two has naturally led to a generalization of the Polyakov formalism to higher dimensions based on conformally invariant operators: Graham–Jenne–Mason–Sparling operators and the Q-curvature. This article is dedicated to providing a rigorous construction of Liouville conformal field theory on even-dimensional spheres. This is done at the classical level in terms of a generalized uniformization problem and at the quantum level, thanks to a probabilistic construction based on log-correlated fields and Gaussian multiplicative chaos. The properties of the objects thus defined are in agreement with the ones expected in the physics literature.
Direct numerical simulations of intrusive density- and particle-driven gravity currents
Authors: Francisco E. P. , Espath L. F. R. , Laizet S. , Silvestrini J. H. , Calo V. M.
Published: August 2023

In the present study, mesopycnal flows are investigated using direct numerical simulations. In particular, intrusive density- and particle-driven gravity currents in the lock exchange setup are simulated with the high-order finite-difference framework Xcompact3d. To account for the settling velocity of particles, a customized Fick's law for the particle-solution species is used with an additional term incorporating a constant settling velocity proportional to the concentration of particles. A general energy budget equation is presented, for which the energy can migrate across the domain's boundaries. The relevant main features of intrusive gravity currents, such as front velocity, energy exchanges, sedimentation rate, deposit profile, and deposit map are discussed with the comparison between two- and three-dimensional simulations. In particular, the influence of the Grashof number, the interface thickness, the energy exchanges, the sedimentation process, and how the presence of more than one particle fraction may change the flow dynamics are investigated. The results are in good agreement with previous experiments and theoretical work, in particular for the prediction of the front velocity. For the particle-driven case, the suspended mass evolution along with the sedimentation rate suggests the occurrence of three different stages. In the first stage after the lock release, the particle mixture tends to suspend itself due to gravitational forces. Once most of the particle-mixture mass is suspended, the current intrudes while increasing its velocity, reaching its kinetic energy peak. In the last stage, the particles are deposited at a nearly constant sedimentation rate. As a result, the front velocity constantly decelerates.
Modeling and tests of nested transmission lines for current adding on a four-stage linear transformer driver
Authors: He Xu , Jiang Xiaofeng , Sun Fengju , Wang Zhiguo , Jiang Hongyu , Qiu Aici
Published: August 2023

Linear transformer driver (LTD) technology allows a pulsed-power generator to be transportable due to its salient features in compactness and modular design. To further reduce the footprint of an MA-class pulsed-power generator, nested transmission lines were designed and tested for current adding in a four-stage gas-insulated LTD module. The current adder assembly contained two modules that were charged in opposite polarities. Each module held two LTD cavities that shared a common electrode of the nested transmission line with deionized water insulation. Post-hole convolutes were installed for the aggregation of the output current of different modules. More specifically, numerical simulations were conducted to calculate the nested line inductance, which revealed that the total system inductance was ∼10 nH in the nested geometry. Experimentally, testing on the four-stage LTD prototype showed that the LTD module can deliver a 1.2 MA current peak with a rise time of 140 ns to a short circuit load under the charging voltage of ±50 kV, which validated the applicability of using nested lines for current adding in an MA-class LTD module.
Dynamic polarization response of polarization-maintaining fibers by periodic thermal cycling method
Authors: Hwang Sungi , Lee Sanglok , Baek Jaeuk , Jeong Jeongyoun , Lee Min-Hwan , Moon Geol
Published: August 2023

We report a periodic thermal cycling method to investigate the dynamic response of the polarization of a laser propagating through polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber, driven by periodic weak temperature modulation. Consequently, temperature modulation on the surface of the coating material of the PM fiber was found to cause a continuous periodic change in the polarization state of the output laser without approaching the steady state of the resulting dynamic polarization response. Additionally, the response was found to depend on the temperature-modulation frequency and amplitude. These experimental results are qualitatively in good agreement with that of the simple theoretical model. Our research would be applied not only to the method of measuring properties of a PM optical fiber by utilizing the continuous modulation of the differential refractive index with a wide modulation-frequency range but also to various applications of the dynamic control of the periodic refractive index in materials.
A customized electric heater to mitigate screening current by optimal control on temperature distribution in a high-temperature superconductor coil
Authors: Bang Jeseok , Kim Jaemin , Lee Jung Tae , Kim Geonyoung , Park Jeonghwan , Park Seong Hyeon , Noguchi So , Hahn Seungyong
Published: August 2023

The so-called screening current in a high temperature superconductor (HTS) is a well-known phenomenon that has detrimental effects on performance of an HTS magnet. To date, many research efforts have been devoted to suppressing screening current in an HTS magnet. Here, we report a customized electric-heater, named “Thermal Eraser,” to mitigate the screening current. The key idea is to optimally control the spatial temperature distribution in an HTS magnet using the customized heater and the consequent temperature-dependent local critical current of HTS wires of the magnet. To validate the idea, a Thermal Eraser was designed, constructed, and installed in an actual single-pancake HTS coil. The Thermal Eraser with the test coil system was operated at temperatures ranging 7–40 K in our in-house conduction-cooling cryogenic facility. The feasibility of the Thermal Eraser was demonstrated in terms of two aspects: (1) creation of the designated spatial temperature distribution within the HTS test coil as designed and (2) quantitative evaluation of its effectiveness to mitigate screening current using both experimental and numerical results. We confirmed that the screening current induced field in the test coil was reduced by 0.6 mT after activation of the Thermal Eraser, which implies 60% reduction of screening current in the HTS test coil. The results demonstrate that the Thermal Eraser is a viable option to effectively reduce the screening current in an HTS magnet.
Intrinsic cascade-free intramode scattering Brillouin laser
Authors: Jin Duo , Bai Zhenxu , Chen Yifu , Fan Wenqiang , Wang Yulei , Lü Zhiwei , Mildren Richard P.
Published: August 2023

The cascade operation of Brillouin lasers (BLs) is an identified obstacle to single-frequency power scaling and further compression of the fundamental linewidth. In this study, we reveal the relationship between the maximum cascade order and system parameters, starting from the phase-matching conditions of the Stokes cascade. The second Stokes is suppressed for modes that fall away the Brillouin gain linewidth (ΓB), which is heightened for Brillouin gain media with high sound velocity, large refractive index, and narrow linewidth. Diamond, with its extremely high product of speed of sound and refractive index, satisfies these requirements and is found to achieve cascade-free intramode scattering (TEM00) without manipulating cavity mode structures. This study elucidates a route to single-frequency, narrow-linewidth BLs via Brillouin material selection.
Kinematically boosted pairs from the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler process in small-angle laser collisions
Authors: Chen Pisin , Labun Lance
Published: August 2023

We discuss that a scheme of nonperturbative pair production by high energy photons (ω≳m) in a strong external field is achievable at the next high intensity laser experiments. The pair momentum is boosted, and for ω≳1.2m, the pair yield is increased when the external field is formed by two laser pulses converging at a small angle. These characteristics are nonperturbative in origin and related to the presence of magnetic field in addition to electric field. By enhancing the signal over perturbative backgrounds, these features allow the employment of above-threshold photons ω>2m, which further increases the pair yield. We note the close relation of this photon-pair conversion mechanism to spontaneous pair creation, recommending it as an accessible stepping stone experiment using state-of-the-art or soon-to-be laser technology.
Generating in vivo continuous ultrasound based on sub-terahertz photoacoustic effect
Authors: Ichikawa Natsumi , Monnai Yasuaki
Published: August 2023

Non-contact ultrasound excitation based on the photoacoustic effect using short optical pulses has been widely used for biomedical and industrial inspections. However, generating and detecting photoacoustic signals in water or aqueous samples requires careful choice of the excitation wavelength. Here, we show that continuous-wave (CW) ultrasound can be directly generated in aqueous samples by irradiating them with the CW sub-terahertz waves modulated at acoustic frequencies, even when the stress confinement condition is not satisfied. The ultrasound generated at resonance can be detected even in the air using a microphone. The sub-terahertz waves exhibit a water absorption coefficient akin to peak near-infrared wavelengths while offering transmittance through diverse materials. Leveraging recent advances in high-frequency electronics, we develop a compact experimental system with the potential for further miniaturization. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed method, we present proof-of-concept applications of bulk modulus measurement of gelatin gels and in vivo anatomical imaging of human hands.
Quantification of 1.75 MeV Xe5+ induced defects in zirconia doped ceria (Ce0.8Zr0.2O2)
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Sharma Saurabh Kumar , Singh Yogendar , Kedia Sanjay Kumar , Meena R. C. , Grover Vinita , Kulriya P. K.
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the structural stability of the CeO2-ZrO2 system when subjected to high doses of irradiation (a few hundred displacements per atom). The goal is to explore their potential use in safe immobilization of spent nuclear fuel and development of accident-tolerant fuels for next-generation nuclear reactors. Highly dense pellets were synthesized using a solid-state reaction and then irradiated with 1.75 MeV Xe5+ ions at ion fluences ranging from 1 × 1015 to 1 × 1017 ions/cm2. Structural and microstructural analyses were conducted using glancing angle x-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 has a high tolerance against irradiation-induced phase transformation or amorphization but does generate irradiation-induced point defects. Each energetic ion produced a deformed region with a voluminous swelling of ∼0.61 ± 0.09 nm and a damaged zone of ∼0.09 ± 0.02 nm, as calculated from the irradiation-caused peak broadening that is explained by a three-step damage accumulation model. The electron microscopy studies show that grain boundaries serve as a sink for defects, and an increase in grain size was observed due to defect accumulation inside the grain's volume. Overall, the study shows that polycrystalline fluorite-structured Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 is a promising nuclear material for advanced energy systems as it did not show significant structural damage such as amorphization and grain fragmentation, even on irradiation at a high dose of ∼428 dpa.
Some spin textures relevant to magnetic moments in the octonion spaces
Authors: Weng Zi-Hua
Published: August 2023

The paper aims to apply the octonions to explore the contribution of some influence factors to magnetic moments, revealing the connection between the influence factors and spin texture. Maxwell was the first to introduce the quaternions to describe the electromagnetic theory. The subsequent scholars utilized the quaternions and octonions to study the gravitational and electromagnetic theories, and so forth. The paper adopts the octonions to research the gravitational and electromagnetic fields, including the octonion’s angular momentum, torque, force, and so on. When the octonion force is equal to zero under some circumstances, it is able to achieve eight equations independent of each other. In particular, one of eight independent equations reveals the interrelation between the second-torque and the divergence of magnetic moments. One of its deductions is that the directions, magnitudes, and frequencies of some terms are capable of impacting the orientation and vortex of magnetic moments, altering the frequency of magnetic vortex clusters. It means that the spin textures are relevant to some external influence factors. Some terms may have an influence on the arrangements of spin textures. The study will be helpful for understanding the physical properties of magnetic skyrmions and merons.
Short-term prediction of wind power generation based on VMD-GSWOA-LSTM model
Authors: Yang Tongguang , Li Wanting , Huang Zhiliang , Peng Li , Yang Jingyu
Published: August 2023

To improve the short-term wind power output prediction accuracy and overcome the model prediction instability problem, we propose a combined prediction model based on variational modal decomposition (VMD) combined with the improved whale algorithm (GSWOA) to optimize the long short-term memory network (LSTM) short-term wind power. First, VMD is utilized to decompose the wind power input sequence into modal components of different complexities, and the components are reconstructed into subcomponents with typical characteristics through approximate entropy, which reduces the computational scale of non-smooth sequence analysis. Second, the GSWOA is used to optimize the main influencing parameters of the LSTM model in order to obtain the weights and thresholds under the optimal LSTM model and to use the reconstructed individual subsequences. Finally, the actual data from two wind farms in Xinjiang and Northeast China are taken to verify the generalizability of the proposed model. The comparative analysis of the prediction results under different scenarios demonstrates that the improved model shows higher performance than the original model.
Micro-/nano-scale WC particle-reinforced Cu-based composite preparation and property study
Authors: Chen Cong , Li Denghui , Zhai Zhenjie , Sun Changfei , Chen Wen
Published: August 2023

In this paper, Cu-based composites were prepared by the powder metallurgy method with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) sintering technique using WC (tungsten carbide) particles as the reinforcing phase and Cu as the matrix. The effect of sintering temperature on the electrical and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated, and the effect of the variation in the reinforcing phase content on the electrical and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated at the optimum sintering temperature. The microstructure and properties of 5 wt. % WC/Cu composites at different sintering temperatures were investigated, and 850 °C was determined as the optimum sintering temperature. When the SPS temperature was 850 °C, the yield strength, compressive strength, compressive strain, and hardness of 10 wt. % WC/Cu composites were 321 MPa, 743 MPa, 40.42%, and 143.2 HV, respectively, which increased the yield strength and compressive strength by 697.82% and 246.84%, respectively, compared with pure Cu material.
Linear stability of a contaminated two-layer films flowing down a slippery inclined plane: Parametric study and physical mechanism
Authors: Bhat Farooq Ahmad , Samanta Arghya
Published: August 2023

A linear stability analysis of isothermal two-layer surfactant-laden films flowing down a slippery inclined plane is carried out, with a focus on the shear mode instabilities. The intention is to extend our previous study [Bhat and Samanta, “Linear stability for surfactant-laden two-layer film flows down a slippery inclined plane,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 220, 115611 (2020)] in the high Reynolds number regime. The stability analysis is performed under the umbrella of the Orr–Sommerfeld-type boundary value problem. The method of energy budget is employed to figure out the proper physical mechanisms responsible for the growth of the shear modes under the influence of various flow parameters. Numerical results reveal that the flow configuration under consideration is susceptible to two distinct shear modes in the high Reynolds number regime. The shear mode associated with the lower fluid layer is stabilized if the viscosity ratio, wall slip, and interfacial surfactant concentration are increased. However, increasing density ratio has a destabilizing impact on the lower-layer shear mode. On the other hand, the shear mode associated with the upper fluid layer is destabilized if the viscosity ratio and interfacial surfactant concentration are increased. However, the density ratio exhibits a non-monotonic impact, but the wall slip exhibits a stabilizing influence on the upper-layer shear mode. The energy budget analysis predicts that the primary energy source terms for the growth of the shear mode instabilities are base shear stresses, which transfer energy to the disturbance through the Reynolds stress term.
Characterization in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) domain of microchannel plate based device using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Ebrahimpour Zeinab , Mohamed Awad E. A. , Bonano Gabriele , Cautero Marco , Coreno Marcello , Dabagov Sultan B. , Ferrario Massimo , Mazuritskiy Mikhail I. , Rezvani Javad , Stellato Francesco , Zema Nicola , Zuccaro Fabio , Marcelli Augusto
Published: August 2023

Innovative, low-loss, and compact optical systems are essential to meet the experimental requirements of emerging novel radiation sources. The microchannel plate (MCP), a metamaterial-based optical device, shows promising potential for shaping, condensing, and focusing soft x-ray radiation at synchrotron radiation (SR) facilities. This study highlights the impact of MCP optical devices on SR beam condensing capability and their sensitivity to the degree of coherence by investigating the profile of transmitted beams through single and double MCP optical devices. Transmitted diffraction patterns of soft x-ray SR radiation change with energy and radiation modes. At 92 eV, the double MCP-based device affects the beam divergence and degree of coherence more than the single MCP. Moreover, the double MCP device shows potential as a condensing optics at shorter wavelengths, i.e., 480 eV. Experiments were performed at the available end-station of the Circular Polarization beamline at the Elettra synchrotron facility in Trieste, using a high-vacuum chamber with a hexapod system, providing the precise movement necessary to align these diffractive optics. The findings contribute to the development of innovative optical systems for SR and free-electron laser beamlines, paving the way for advanced experiments in spectroscopy, microscopy, and imaging in a wide energy range.
Artificial intelligence computing analysis of fractional order COVID-19 epidemic model
Authors: Raza Ali , Baleanu Dumitru , Cheema Tahir Nawaz , Fadhal Emad , Ibrahim Rashid I. H. , Abdelli Nouara
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence plays a very prominent role in many fields, and of late, this term has been gaining much more popularity due to recent advances in machine learning. Machine learning is a sphere of artificial intelligence where machines are responsible for doing daily chores and are believed to be more intelligent than humans. Furthermore, artificial intelligence is significant in behavioral, social, physical, and biological engineering, biomathematical sciences, and many more disciplines. Fractional-order modeling of a real-world problem is a powerful tool for understanding the dynamics of the problem. In this study, an investigation into a fractional-order epidemic model of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is presented using intelligent computing through Bayesian-regularization backpropagation networks (BRBFNs). The designed BRBFNs are exploited to predict the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 disease by taking the dataset from a fractional numerical method based on the Grünwald–Letnikov backward finite difference. The datasets for the fractional-order mathematical model of COVID-19 for Wuhan and Karachi metropolitan cities are trained with BRBFNs for biased and unbiased input and target values. The proposed technique (BRBFNs) is implemented to estimate the integer and fractional-order COVID-19 spread dynamics. Its reliability, effectiveness, and validation are verified through consistently achieved accuracy metrics that depend on error histograms, regression studies, and mean squared error.
A novel two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester with a stopper for broadband low-frequency vibration
Authors: He Qingkai , Xu Zhenlong , Sun Shenyu , Zhou Maoying , Wang Yun , Ji Huawei
Published: August 2023

Energy conversion efficiency and operation bandwidth are two main concerns in piezoelectric energy harvesting in low-frequency vibration environments. This paper presents a compact two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester (2DOF NPEH) with a stopper. The proposed harvester consists of an elastic beam, a piezoelectric beam with tip mass, a pair of repulsive magnets, and a mechanical stopper. A bistable configuration is established through magnetic interaction. This study investigates the generating characteristics of the 2DOF NPEH under frequency-sweep excitation, utilizing a rigid stopper (RS) and different elastic stoppers (ESs). The experimental results indicate that the implementation of a mechanical stopper in a NPEH contributes to widening the operation bandwidth and enhancing the peak voltage. As the stiffness of the stopper increases, the bandwidth gradually shrinks while the peak voltage increases. The optimal energy conversion efficiency depends on the stiffness of the ES, and it occurs when the wire diameter of the spring is 1.2 mm. Compared with the 2DOF NPEH without a stopper, the utilization of a RS results in a 13.85-fold increase in the bandwidth of the generator at the first resonance. Moreover, the maximum absolute voltage is 12.82 times and 3.47 times the output voltage of the 2DOF NPEH at the first and second resonance, respectively. This work offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesters in practical applications.
Study on the properties of the MgCO3@2Mn1−xMxCO3 carbonate composite material as a cathode electrode in the aqueous zinc-ion battery and the effect of Ag ion doping at the manganese site
Authors: Zhang Tianpeng , Zhai Yafang , Li Ling
Published: August 2023

With the international background of advocating green environmental protection and sustainable development, the aqueous zinc ion battery has attracted researchers’ attention because of its many advantages. The application of a manganese-based material as a positive electrode in the aqueous zinc ion battery has broad development prospect. In this paper, the composite materials of manganese carbonate and magnesium carbonate were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Metal ions were doped at the manganese site of the composite materials to synthesize MgCO3@2Mn1−xMxCO3 materials. By comparing the electrochemical performance test results, it can be seen that the MgCO3@2Mn0.995Ag0.005CO3 material showed better magnification performance and its capacity can reach 282.6 mAh/g at 50 mA/g current density. Moreover, its electrochemical performance is also better than that of other doped materials. Through the scanning electron microscopy image analysis of the material, it can be seen that the material is mainly in a cubic structure of different sizes and the small cube structures are crosslinked together to form a sheet structure, which can further increase the closeness of the particle connection. By energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it can be found that the corresponding valence states of Mn, C, O, and Mg elements in the material are consistent with those in the MgCO3@2Mn0.995Ag0.005CO3 material. In the XRD test, the crystallinity of the material is good, and no obvious impurity peak is found.
A drum structure triboelectric nanogenerator based on PS/MXene for football training monitoring
Authors: Wu Min
Published: August 2023

Recently, flexible multifunctional sensors have attracted widespread attention from around the world. Here, we propose a novel PS/MXene-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PM-TENG), which has a drum structure design. Through comparative experiments, the optimal ratio of polystyrene (PS) materials was explored. The PS film and nylon film form the triboelectric materials, and copper foil acts as the conducive electrode. From the results, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) of the PM-TENG based on 35 mg/ml content of PS can reach 141 V and 5.9 µA, respectively. In addition, when the resistance value of the external load is 50 MΩ, the PM-TENG exhibits a maximum output power of 123 µW. Due to its excellent flexibility, the PM-TENG can be installed on the shoulders, neck, wrist, elbow, knee, and ankle to achieve all-round motion monitoring of football players. This research can promote the application of TENG sensors in the football monitoring field.
Candidate genes for height measurements in Campolina horses
Authors: Krebs Lisia Castro , Santos Marina Monteiro de Moraes , Siqueira Maria Claudia , Araujo Brennda Paula Gonçalves de , Solar Diaz Iara Del Pilar , Costa Raphael Bermal , Oliveira Chiara Albano de Araújo , Barbero Marina Mortati Dias , de Camargo Gregório Miguel Ferreira , Godoi Fernanda Nascimento de
Published: August 2023

Context Genomic tools allow for increased efficiency in animal production and, consequently, greater production gains. Morphometric measurements of height can be used for breed characterisation/registration, and sex distinction, in addition to being associated with balance, posture, and the range of motion of the limbs, influencing the dynamics and quality of the gait. Aims This study was conducted to examine candidate genes related to the morphometric measurement of heights in Campolina horses. Methods The study involved information from 18 876 horses of this breed, containing phenotypic data of the measurements of withers, croup, back, and barrel heights, provided by the Brazilian Association of Campolina Horse Breeders (ABCCCampolina). Of these, 48 horses of the Brazilian Campolina breed were genotyped with the Equine 65 K lllumina® chip. The effects of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms were estimated by the weighted single-step method, using BLUPF90 family programs. Genes in the main chromosomal regions were identified by consultation with the NCBI. Key results A genomic-wide association study for withers height showed that 46% of the variation in this measurement was explained by 20 genomic windows. For croup height, 19 genomic windows were responsible for explaining 44% of the variation. Sixteen genomic windows were responsible for explaining 37.8% of the variation in back height and 18 genomic regions explained 39.7% of the variation in barrel height. Conclusion The ADAM17, SOX11, and KLF11 genes are located in the genomic windows that most explain the variations in the traits under study and have a biological action on the locomotor system. Implications The ADAM17, SOX11, and KLF11 genes are candidates for fine mapping and construction of molecular markers.
Scaling student feminisms
Authors: Elvira Ruiz Paloma
Published: August 2023

Ethnographically informed, this article examines the recent transnational feminist uprising by focusing on the Spanish student movement. Drawing on the contributions of the sociolinguistics of globalization and the pragmatics of scale, it gives an account of how feminist demands acquire intelligibility in the political agenda of the student movement based on a Madrilenian university, vis-a-vis the institutionalization of gender equality policies at university. Thus, by tracking the (un)making of political alliances over time between various coexisting centring institutions – spanning from university official authorities to forms of student grassroots institutionality – the article delves into the valuation processes of feminist scales and their competing logics of value-production, paying attention to how these processes get inscribed in the semiotic landscape.
Is indirect translation a friend or a foe of sustainable development?
Authors: Torres-Simón Ester , Valdez Susana , Pięta Hanna , Menezes Rita
Published: August 2023

This article addresses the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through the lens of pivot template subtitling, a practice deemed logistically efficient by some and ethically suspicious by others. Drawing on (i) a critical review of 29 European codes of ethics promoted by professional translation associations and (ii) the answers to our online questionnaire on pivot subtitling (completed by 376 subtitlers based in Europe), we analyse the main concerns raised about pivot subtitling from the standpoint of access to decent work and economic growth in the AVT industry. Findings suggest that, from the professional subtitlers’ point of view, current practices in pivot template-centred workflows may slow down the progress on SDG8, worsen working conditions and clash with professional codes of ethics. We end by suggesting ways to improve the use of indirect translation, so it does not hinder progress on SDG8 in the AVT industry.
Reply to the comment on ‘Limitations in evaluating COVID-19 protective face masks using open circuit spirometry systems: respiratory measurement mask introduces bias in breathing pressure and perceived respiratory effort’
Authors: Seibt Robert , Bär Mona , Rieger Monika A , Steinhilber Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Marek and colleagues have written a commentary on our paper (Seibt et al 2023) in which they point out some methodological inconsistencies and flaws. In our response, we first address the objective of our study so that the specific responses to Marek’s criticism are placed in the proper context. In Seibt et al (2023) we investigated whether additional respiratory measurement masks used to evaluate protective face masks influence the outcomes. The physiological effect of protective masks was not the target in our study, neither at rest nor during exercise. Subsequently, we address the criticisms of Marek et al point by point. With our study and this detailed response to Marek et al (2023)), we hope to support researchers in choosing the adequate methodological approach for evaluating the effects of protective face masks on human physiology.
Modified description for deposition of particles in small volumes
Authors: Orabi M
Published: August 2023

Different elements that control the concentrations and doses from radioactive particles are in need to be elaborately studied. From theoretical point of view, this requires improving the models that describe the controlling elements of the behaviors and dynamics of the particles. An important element is the deposition of the particles onto surfaces within small volumes, like gaps in buildings’ shells. This element is studied in this article by developing a modified theoretical scheme built by starting with the Fick;s 1st

law

of

diffusion
.

Velocities of depositions are calculated by taking into account the

turbulent

and

brownian

diffusion mechanisms within the

boundary

layer
.

The dependence of the particle’s eddy diffusion coefficient on the distance close to the surface is expressed by a

fourth

power

relation. This relation has only one free parameter. The model considers the

boundary

layer

to be composed of only one region. The value of the free parameter is determined in relation to the

friction

velocity
.

Particles sizes of

1

nm

–

100

μ
m

are studied. The obtained resulted are presented in comparison to one of the famous theoretical models. Agreeing with experiments, the proposed model shows a promising success and provides a deeper vision to describing the turbulence inside small-sized spaces. Additionally, it gives a new definition to the form and size of the

boundary

layer
.
Estimation of radiative capture 13B(n, γ
0+1)14B reaction rate in the modified potential cluster model*
Authors: Tkachenko A.S. , Burkova N.A. , Yeleusheva B.M. , Dubovichenko S.B.
Published: August 2023

We discuss current attempts to employ the modified potential cluster model to describe the available experimental data on the 13B(n, γ
0+1)14B total cross-sections. The estimated results of the M1 and E1 transitions from the n
13B scattering states to the ground and first excited states of 14B are presented. The 1st resonance at E

x
= 1. 275 MeV (1+) is revealed in both the cross-section and reaction rate. Within the variation in the asymptotic constant, a thermal cross-section interval of 5.1 – 8.9 mb is proposed. Based on the theoretical total cross-sections at energies of 0.01 eV to 5 MeV, we calculate the reaction rate in the temperature range of 0.01 to 10T
9. The ignition T
9 values of the 13B(n, γ
0+1)14B reaction depending on a neutron number density

of ~ 1022 cm−3 are determined. The radiative neutron capture reaction rates on the boron 10-13B and carbon 12-14С isotopes are compared.
URANS assessment of ship extreme roll event in irregular stern quartering sea
Authors: Chen X , Liu L W , Zhang Z G , Wang X Z , Feng D K
Published: August 2023

In this study, the extreme roll events of a free-running ONR Tumblehome model in stern quartering seas are predicted by an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) solver coupled with a dynamic overset grid approach. The validation study is first performed for the prediction of ship extreme roll amplitude in regular waves, indicating satisfactory agreement with an average difference of less than 3% between the simulation and experimental results. The URANS approach is then applied to the assessment of the extreme roll events as the ship is sailing in irregular seas. The ship is free to 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) motions with a course-keeping control. It is concluded that the ship’s yaw motion plays an important role in the occurrence of ship extreme roll events in an irregular stern quartering sea. A rapid increase of yaw angle is observed for the ship coupled with the occurrence of the extreme roll, even leading to the capsizing.
Nonlinear computation for focused wave groups on abrupt depth transitions
Authors: Wu Q , Feng Xingya , Dong Y
Published: August 2023

Focused wave groups in intermediate water depth propagating over varying abrupt depth transitions are studied numerically and experimentally. The experiments well validate the fully nonlinear model by a conformal mapping method. The generation of second-order and third-order harmonics is observed near the top of the submerged step, as well as the decrease of the main (first-order) components propagating along with the step. In addition, an enhancement of kurtosis occurs just after the step with a high-trailed profile, revealing a considerable asymmetry of the surface elevations. In addition, a wave group passing two or three steps is also investigated numerically. More submerged obstacles effectively strengthen the reflection capability in terms of the reflection coefficients computed with the amplitude of wave envelopes. Although the harmonics manifest a higher risk of extreme waves on abrupt depth transitions, the increase of water depth changes might not further enhance the maximum skewness and kurtosis over the varying bottom.
Nonlinear wave propagation in a vegetated sandbar-lagoon system
Authors: Cong X , Kuang C P , Li H Y , Xing W , Chen J L
Published: August 2023

The sandbar-lagoon system presents a rich variety of values. At the same time, the degradation of ecosystems and coastal erosion caused by human activities and climate change are even more severe. A series of ecological conservation and restoration projects focused on vegetation rehabilitation have been implemented. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to guide coastal engineering in the presence of vegetation. In this paper, ten tests were presented to experimentally investigate nonlinear wave propagation in a vegetated sandbar-lagoon system. The following conclusions can be obtained. In the absence of vegetation, the low-frequency wave energy proportion gradually increases with the rise of incident wave height. Double-peaked and even multi-peaked spectra are notable throughout the propagation in tests with larger incident wave heights. Wave height decay and wave energy dissipation due to vegetation effects increase as the incident wave height increases. The dependence of the wave energy dissipation induced by vegetation on the incident wave energy (the square of wave height) presents a linear relationship. Vegetation plays an important and complex role in both sea-swell wave and infragravity wave attenuation.
Absorption of wave reflections in way of an inlet boundary
Authors: Karola A , Tavakoli S , Mikkola T , Matusiak J , Hirdaris S
Published: August 2023

In recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is increasingly becoming more attractive for the analysis of ship seakeeping. This is because of the increasing efficiency of computers and the accuracy of solvers (e.g. Reynold Navier Stokes Averaged – RANS) that may be more accurate in terms of idealizing nonlinear phenomena in comparison to potential flow methods. Notwithstanding this, RANS methods remain sensitive to accurate wave modelling across the fluid domain as well as the reflection of domain boundaries. This paper studies the effective absorption of the reflected waves from a structure heading back towards the inlet boundary with a relaxation zone method. This is achieved by applying the RANS CFD solver OpenFOAM-v2206 and wave generation toolbox waves2Foam. The modelled case is a 2D box in waves with different wave lengths. The distance of the relaxation zone and the distance after the relaxation zone until the box varies and their effect to excitation forces is studied. It is demonstrated that longer distances reduce the problems caused by wave reflections. The effects are reduced with coarser meshes as the mesh itself dampens the waves.
Numerical study of green water loads on a fixed structure with elastic sidewalls by MPS-FEM coupled method
Authors: Wu Mengmeng , Yang Guang , Zhao Weiwen
Published: August 2023

In rough seas, large masses of water will exceed the freeboard and cause violent slamming on the deck, known as green water. Due to its high destructive power, many scientists have devoted themselves to the study of green water. Given the complexity, various simplified methods have been used to study the mechanism and stresses of green water. In this paper, the loads and patterns of green water events on a fixed structure with rigid or flexible sidewalls were investigated using the solver MPSFSI-SJTU based on the Moving Particle Semi-Implicit (MPS) method coupled with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The rapid flow-structure interaction is generated by the wet dam-break method. Firstly, the numerical simulation of the water shipping events with the rigid structure was carried out, which was in good agreement with the existing numerical simulation results. Secondly, numerical simulations were carried out for different cases of fixed structures with elastic side wall and elastic upper wall. The influence of elastic modulus on wave loads and waveform was analyzed.
Numerical Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Coefficients in Roll Motion
Authors: Hwang E C , Yang K K
Published: August 2023

The determination of ship motions in a seaway heavily depends on hydrodynamic coefficients. However, the coefficients related to roll-motion exhibit nonlinear behavior due to viscous effects and relatively small wave damping, which pose significant challenges. To overcome these challenges, several studies have employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze hydrodynamic performance, leveraging the advancements in computational performance. Nevertheless, limited research has investigated the error and uncertainty of these numerical solutions. In this study, we conducted a forced oscillation test on a ship-like section that induces lateral vortex shedding using the OpenFOAM with overset grid method. We validated the numerical results of the roll hydrodynamic coefficients with experiments and the results of potential theory. We used the procedure proposed by the ITTC to perform uncertainty analysis on the grid size and time step size, which presented the overall uncertainty of the numerical analysis results. Our findings indicate that the grid uncertainty of the added moment of inertia was significant in the low frequency region, while the time step uncertainty was significant in the high frequency region.
Comparative analysis of the long-term extreme VWBM calculated according to IACS Rec. No 34 rev 1 and rev 2
Authors: Mikulić A , Ćorak M , Parunov J
Published: August 2023

After facing some criticism regarding assumptions contained in IACS Rec. No. 34 Rev 1 (2001), efforts have been put in by IACS members resulting in a new revision of this document, which provides a procedure for computation of the long-term extreme wave loads on ocean-going ships. The main changes include a new scatter diagram, modification of the wave spectral model and energy spreading function, as well as probability level of design load. Preliminary, the reduction of extreme loads from 10% to 30%, depending on the vessel and response type, is estimated. As this reduction could have serious implications for ship structural design, the present research aims to further investigate consequences on the most important load component, i.e., vertical wave bending moment (VWBM) at midship. Transfer functions of VWBM are calculated using closed-form expressions, which are convenient for comparative studies where many computations are required. Ships of different types and sizes are subjected to the long-term VWBM analysis comparing extreme values based on the procedures proposed in Rev 1 and Rev 2. Although this study is not intended to provide extreme VWBM in absolute terms, the comparison with IACS UR 11 is nevertheless presented as a reference. It is found that Rev 2 long-term VWBMs never exceed corresponding IACS Rule values, which can’t be stated for Rev 1. Results also indicate that differences in scatter diagrams between Rev 1 and Rev 2 could explain a large decrease in the extreme VWBM.
Effects of variable porosity net on flow field inside deep-sea aquaculture cage
Authors: Yuan Xiaonan , Wang Chenyi , Miao Quanming , Zou Changfang
Published: August 2023

This paper focuses on the effect of the porosity of nets on the flow field inside the deep-sea aquaculture cage. Based on CFD method, the 2D flow fields inside and surrounding the deep-sea aquaculture cage from different views are simulated. The effects of certain porosity net and variable porosity net with different configurations on the fishability area, aquaculture efficiency and benefit of the cage are investigated. The results showed that the variable porosity net with suitable configurations in vertical direction can increase the fishability area and change the flow field inside the cage. This can be conducive to improving the efficiency of fish aquaculture. In horizontal direction, increasing the porosity of the nets parallel to the incoming flow direction can increase the fishability area and improve the water exchange capacity. This can be beneficial to improve fish aquaculture benefit. The results of this paper can guide for the selection of nets for deep-sea aquaculture cages.