bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Feminism and Critique of Thatcherism in Caryl Churchill's Top Girls
Authors: AL- Khazraji Ala'a Muwafaq Mustafa
Published: October 2022

In modern society, despite all the wins, women have often been known to try to bring other women down. One can realize this in children's conversations, in adult stereotypes, in our movies. This in generational loop of conditioning where women who play by the patriarchal and capitalist rules of the society are rewarded more often than those who continuously challenge these social institutions. It is a bargain that a few women have been making with patriarchy to retain power. Looking away from the binaries of good or bad, right-wing feminism harps more on individualistic wins and gains of women. They celebrate women who have broken away from the visible shackles of patriarchy. Although there are far-reaching roots that are not easily visible, that holds them strongly in the foundation of their institutions. A certain whitewash has been done for the eyes to believe that society is progressing. However, the hollowness of this progress keeps making its existence felt. Written and produced during the time Conservative Party Leader, Margaret Thatcher had recently become the first Prime Minister of Britain, this play analyses the role and effects of conditional feminism in the lives of urban women- women holding a certain socio/ economic power. Through certain scenes, conversations, and debates in the play, the idea of individualistic feminism versus the idea of socialist feminism is explored. However, the constant hints of tropes of patriarchy, existing nevertheless has been the emerging highlight of the play. The tone has been set from the first scene where Marlene, a successful and ambitious woman, talks with her 'friends' over food and drinks. They hardly let each other complete their sentences but what comes out through these broken conversations is that despite the rewards, the moral punches of patriarchy have still made them suffer. So, is the bargain really worth it as patriarchy would like us to believe? This paper attempts to explore this area through a deep reading into Caryl Churchill's Top Girls.
Iraqi Statues as Iconic of Iraqi Cultural Identity in Adnan al- Sayegh’s Selected Poems: A Semiotic Study
Authors: Mohammed Sarmad Majeed
Published: October 2022

The function of statues has been interpreted in various ways, either at an academic or artistic level. Because of the different functions and meanings that they reflect, they are still a matter of some debate in various fields. Hence, examining the depiction of national monuments, historical scripts, and statues, is a worthy way to understand their material and the moral value at their roots. However, throughout this study another aspect of statue‟s function has been suggested, that of National statues as an iconic of Iraqi cultural identity, from a semiotic theoretical perspective. The aim of this paper is to delineate the identity of national statues depending on the text and the context that they come with; the focus is to define the importance of national statues by reconstructing the cultural identity of their roots and to present national statues as a bridge that help to transfer Iraqi culture and history to others who are not native. Semiotic theory, which was developed by Charles Sanders Peirce, can be applied to this discussion.
ملامح البنية العميقة والبنية السطحية في كتاب معاني النحو للدكتور فاضل السامرائي
Authors: Hamid Al-Dulaimi Abdul Moneim Abdullah Khalaf , Ali Al-Jubouri Abdul-Razzaq Fayadh , Al-Bayati Abdul-Karim Abdul- Ahmed
Published: October 2022

خلاصة ما في بحثنا الموسوم (ملامح البنية العميقة والبنية السطحية في كتاب معاني النحو للدكتور فاضل السامرائي) هو الكشف عن معرفة السامرائي الذهنية وطريقة استعماله الفعلي لها عن طريق انتاج وتمثيل الجمل والتراكيب على سطح الورق، وبما أن البنية العميقة تعنى بالتصور الذهني المتمثل بالمعنى الذي يبين الأصل الوضعي للجمل وأن البنية السطحية تعنى بالتراكيب الموجود على السطح فإن هذا وجدناه ماثلا عند السامرائي لاسيما وقد اقتصرنا على أهم ظاهرتين تمثلان هذا الملمح وهما التقدير والاضمار، وعلى ذلك توزعت خطة البحث على مدخل ومطلبين المطلب الأول تناول ظاهرة التقدير في حين تناول المطلب الثاني ظاهرة الاضمار ثم خاتمة وقائمة للمصادر والمراجع.
تشخيص الطبيعة الحية في شعر الجواهري
Authors: Muhammed Farooq Abdul Salam , AbdAljabbar Sanaa Salman
Published: October 2022

لقد كانت الطبيعة الحية من اهم بواعث الشعر عند الجواهري. فقد كانت عناصرها على اختلاف انواعها جزءً لا يتجزأ من حياة الناس عامة و الشاعر بشكل خاص, فكانت إحدى منابع التصوير الفني والتنسيق الجمالي التي يلجأ اليها الشاعر في كثير من الاحيان.
          الشاعر ابن بيئته ولا يمكن له الانسلاخ منها, و الطبيعة الحية جزء من تلك البيئة المحيطة بالشاعر, و تشكل الحيوانات الركن الاهم فيها. فقد تناول الشعراء قديما و حديثا وصف الحيوانات بتفاصيلها كلها. و إذا ما نظرنا الى النصوص التي تناولت الطبيعة الحية, نجدها ساعدت على اكتمال ملامح النص و ساعدت في سد الفراغات ضمن الهيكل العام للقصيدة.
تجلياتُ الذاتِ والآخر في شعرِ عُليّة بنتِ المهديّ
Authors: Sulaiman Biasm Nadhim
Published: October 2022

تناولتُ في دراستي ثنائيةَ الذاتِ والآخر في شعرِ علية بنتِ المهديّ لإلقاء الضوء على شعر الحرائر النسويّ العباسيّ وبيانِ دورِ المرأةِ العربيةِ في الأدبِ، وتكونتْ الدراسةُ من تمهيدٍ لبيانِ مفهومِ الذاتِ والآخر وسيرةِ الشاعرِة ومبحثينِ خصصتُ الاولَ لمظاهرِ الذاتِ والثاني لمظاهرِ الآخر.
         من نتائجِ البحثِ انقسامُ الذاتِ على أنواعٍ عدة متباينةٍ كالذاتِ الحزينةِ والعابثةِ والعاشقةِ والمتباهيةِ والذليلةِ والخائفةِ والسقيمةِ. وتمثلتْ أنماطُ الآخرِ عبر الرجلِ كالمعشوقِ والقريبِ والعاذلِ والواشي وعبرَ المرأة كالمعشوقةِ والمرفوضة المذمومةِ. إنّ رؤية الشاعرةِ لم تتجاوزْ ثنائية اللذة والالمِ فهي تعكسُ ألمها ولذتها عبر ذاتِها ورؤيتهاَ للآخر.
        ولم ألمح الرؤى الفلسفية العميقةَ لدى الشاعرةِ فلقدْ اتسمتْ رؤيتهُا بالضيقِ والذاتية وطابعِ الحزنِ والخوف بالرغمِ من جرأتِها أحياناً في اللاشعور؛ وسببُ ذلك الخوف مكانتُها الاجتماعيةُ ونسبُها العباسيّ. وتتسمُ الشاعرةُ بقصرِ النفسِ الشعريّ عبر مقطعاتٍ اغَلبُها نتفٌ. ومن أبرزِ سماتِها الفنيّة شيوعّ التضادِ والتكرارِ والنداءِ والتعجبِ والصورِ التشبيهيةِ والحسيةِ وبلغةٍ واضحةٍ وتراكيبَ سهلة.
الاحكام الفقهية المستنبطة من قوله تعالى (وَإِذا قُرِئَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَنْصِتُوا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ) دراسة فقهية مقارنة
Authors: Al-Essawi Ali Hussein Abbas , AL-Jumaily Saady Jassim Humod
Published: October 2022

الحمد لله رب العالمين وأفضل الصلاة وأتم التسليم على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين. وبعد:
  توزع بحثنا على مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة :
 فالمقدمة, بينا فيها فضل قراءة القرآن الكريم وتلاوته, وسبب اختيارنا للموضوع، كما وضحنا فيها خطة البحث .
  أما المبحث الأول فذكرنا فيه قراءة القرآن في الصلاة، وقسمناه على مطلبين، المطلب الأول بينا فيه حكم قراءة المأموم خلف الإمام في صلاة الجماعة، والمطلب الثاني بينا فيه حكم قراءة القرآن والناس يصلون، أما المبحث الثاني، فقد ذكرنا فيه قراءة القرآن في غير الصلاة وقسمناه على مطلبين، المطلب الأول وبينا فيه حكم قراءة القرآن في الأسواق والاستماع له، والمطلب الثاني، وبينا فيه حكم قراءة القرآن في المقابر، أما الخاتمة, فقد بينا فيها أهم النتائج التي توصلنا إليها من خلال بحثنا هذا
سياسة فرنسا تجاه الصين 1860-1919
Authors: Muhammad Bakr Abdul Majeed
Published: October 2022

شكلت الدراسات التي تناولت الصين أهمية كبيرة على الرغم  من قلتها ،وموضوع سياسة فرنسا تجاه الصين للمدة 1860-1919 اكتسب اهمية كبيرة، اذ لا يخفى على احد ان دراسة السياسة الفرنسية تجاه الصين في تلك المدة يحتاج الى تسليط الضوء من قبل الباحثين ، لان السياسة الفرنسية كانت حاضرة في معظم المحطات التي مرت بها الصين ،ولم يتم تناولها من قبل الدارسات الاكاديمية، والتي تناولت سياسة دولة دخلت مضمار التنافس مع الدول الاوربية الاخرى لإثبات وجودها الاستعماري في المنطقة ، فضلاً عن اتساع مصالحها في الصين ومن اجل الحفاظ على تلك المصالح، الامر الذي كان دافعا للباحث التصدي لموضوع البحث لتسليط الضوء على السياسة التي اتبعتها فرنسا تجاه الصين على وفق الاحداث التي عاصرتها والمواقف التي صدرت عنها في تلك المدة .
أثر انموذج التعلم المرتكز على المهمة TBL في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع الأدبي في مادة علم الاجتماع وتنمية التفكير الشكلي لديهم
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Tariq. H. , Al-Azzawi Haider. M.
Published: October 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى الكشف عن أثر انموذج التعلم المرتكز على المهمة في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي في مادة علم الاجتماع وتنمية تفكيرهم الشكلي .ولتحقيق هدف البحث تم صياغة ثلاث فرضيات صفرية. تم اختيار المنهج التجريبي ذي المجموعتين المتكافئة والاختبار البعدي للتحصيل والاختبارين القبلي والبعدي للتفكير الشكلي, طبقت تجربة البحث في الفصل الدراسي الأول من العام الدراسي (2020-2021) .تكونت عينة البحث من (60) طالبا بواقع (30) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية و(30) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة واللاتي اختيرتا عشوائيا.
وكوفئت مجموعتا البحث بالمتغيرات الآتية (العمر الزمني للطلاب محسوباً بالشهور, اختبار الذكاء، درجات المعدل للعام السابق, اختبار التفكير الشكلي, مستوى التحصيل الدراسي للوالدين) أعد الباحث أغراضا سلوكية للمادة العلمية, تكونت بصورتها النهائية من (90) غرضا سلوكيا, وفي ضوء هذه الأهداف تم اعداد (15) خطة تدريسية بعد التأكد من صلاحيتها بعرضها على مجموعة من الخبراء والمحكمين .أعدت أداتان للبحث, الاختبار التحصيلي واختبار التفكير الشكلي, تألف الاختبار التحصيلي من (30) فقرة موضوعية من نوع الاختيار من متعدد بأربعة بدائل واسئلة مقالية .تم التحقق من صدقه وخصائصه السايكومترية (معامل سهولة وصعوبة فقراته والقوة التمييزية وفعالية البدائل الخاطئة وتم ايجاد ثبات فقراته باعتماد معادلة الفا- كرونباخ إذ بلغ (0,88) .وأما اختبار التفكير الشكلي فقد تألف من (20) فقرة وتم التحقق من صدقه وخصائصه السايكومترية, وتم إيجاد ثبات فقراته بطريقة ألفا كرونباخ إذ بلغ (0,88) .
وبعد معالجة البيانات إحصائيا وباستعمال الحقيبة الإحصائية أظهرت نتائج البحث:

وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا على وفق انموذج التعلم المرتكز على المهمة ودرجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في الاختبار التحصيلي في مادة علم الاجتماع لصالح متوسط المجموعة التجريبية.
وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا على وفق انموذج التعلم المرتكز على المهمة ودرجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التفكير الشكلي لصالح متوسط المجموعة التجريبية .
وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (05) بين متوسطي درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا على وفق انموذج التعلم المرتكز على المهمة قبل التجربة وبعدها في اختبار التفكير الشكلي لصالح المتوسط البعدي .وبناء على هذه النتائج وضع الباحث جملة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات واقترح إجراء دراسات لاحقة استكمالا للبحث.
التفكير الابداعي لدى تلاميذ الصف الاول الاساس من الملتحقين برياض الاطفال وغير الملتحقين .(دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: Mohammed Nazeera Salih
Published: October 2022

هدفت الدراسة الى مقارنة مستوى التفكير الابداعي لدى تلاميذ الصف الاول الاساسي من الملتحقين برياض الاطفال و غير الملتحقين بها ، استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي،  وتم استخدام اختبار تورانس  1981 في الاداء و الحركة (TCAM) لتقييم التفكير الابداعي، وتم تطبيقها على (124) طفلا (66 طفلا و58 طفلة) منقسمين على مجموعتين، مجموعة ملتحقين برياض الاطفال  (62) طفلا (33ذكورا و 29 إناث)  ومجموعة غير ملتحقين بها (62) طفلا (33 ذكور و 29 إناث). تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية من عدد من المدارس الاساسية. أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى التفكير الابداعي لدى اطفال الصف الاول الاساسي ضعيف، وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات الاطفال في مستوى التفكير الابداعي تبعا لمتغير المجموعتين ملتحقين وغير ملتحقين برياض الاطفال في المهارات الثلاثة (الطلاقة و التخيل و الاصالة)، بينما لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائياً في مستوى مهارات التفكير الابداعي تبعا لمتغير الجنس(ذكور-اناث)، إضافة الى مجموعة من التوصيات لتطوير مهارات التفكير الابداعي بالموهوبين في إقليم كوردستان.
التطبيقات التربوية للتعليم الالكتروني وانعكاسها على تدريس مادة المنظور في ظل جائحة كورونا
Authors: DIWAN NIDHAL NASER
Published: October 2022

تتبلور مشكلة البحث الحالي عن طريق الاجابة عن التساؤل الاتي:
ما الامكانيات التي يوفرها تطبيق التعليم الالكتروني في تنفيذ متطلبات مادة المنظور لطلبة قسم التربية الفنية في ظل جائحة كورونا؟ 
لذلك هدف البحث الحالي الى الكشف عن الامكانيات التي توفرها التطبيقات التربوية للتعليم الالكتروني في تدريس مادة المنظور في ظل جائحة كورونا.
          اذ تكون مجتمع من طلبة الصف الثاني -قسم التربية الفنية / كلية الفنون الجميلة للعام الدراسي 2020-2021 والبالغ عددهم (114) طالباً وطالبة، بعد ذلك اجرت الباحثة تطبيقاً لأداة بحثها على مجتمع البحث الا انه حصلت على مجموعة من الاجابات بلغت (58) اجابة قدمها الطلبة الذين يحضرون المنصة التعليمية  (Class Room) شكلت نسبة مقدارها (50%) وبذلك أصبح عدد عينة للبحث الحالي بواقع (30) طالباً و (28) طالبة.
          لغرض التحقق من هدف البحث صممت الباحثة استمارة لتقويم الاداء المهاري  تضمنت (20) فقرة تم فيها مراعاة المفاهيم الفنية للمنظور على وفق هذا النوع من التعليم، تم عرضها بصيغته الاولية على (11) محكماً، إذ أبدى السادة المحكمين ملاحظاتهم حول الاستمارة والتي اخذت بها الباحثة فقامت بتعديل الفقرات التي تحتاج الى ذلك ثم تم اعادتها اليهم فحصلت على الموافقة التامة حول صلاحيتها في قياس الهدف الذي وضعت لأجل قياسه، وبذلك اصبحت الاداة جاهزة للتطبيق، أما أهم الاستنتاجات التي توصلت اليها الباحثة هي:
1-اعتماد التعليم الالكتروني على استعمال تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات بشكل كبير بغية الوصول الى منظومة تعليمية متكاملة خدمة للأهداف التعليمية لمادة المنظور.
2-يعد التعليم الالكتروني ثمرة التطورات التقنية الهائلة والانفتاح المعلوماتي والمعرفي.
Digital Learning : Challenges and Issues
Authors: SAMYAN Khaldoon Atta
Published: October 2022

Today, teaching / learning is subject to a radical change of reference. This change is essentially related to the relationships uniting the learner to knowledge, regarding times and spaces reserved for this operation, as well as the importance of the collective in learning. Indeed, the current changes have come in time to question the role and training of teachers, who on the one hand have taken advantage of new opportunities regarding developing learner-centered pedagogies; however, on the other hand. , they in turn have to face new challenges.E- learning is an appropriate remedy for schools in various, even heterogeneous situations (e.g., geographically dispersed learners). In a stand-alone online course, learners can analyze the course equipment in question at the desired times. To do this, it is recommended that these learners have direct access to online documents considered interactive and autonomous. However, this learning can be seen as simplified and conducted at a specific time, which often includes self-learning modules with partnership activities, such as negotiations or working groups. Several media can be used to create information reserved for e-Learning, whether linguistic or iconic, such as texts, images, animations, sounds, photographs and films. The possibility of an ideal combination of multimedia components depends on the pedagogical approach and the obligations regarding technology and resources.Moreover, if this learning is done online or separately, and if the approach will be synchronous or asynchronous, it is necessary to consider the factors related to the learners, such as the time available and the specialized knowledge, as well as the specialized aspects, to know; hardware, software and Internet transfer rate desires. The generalized verification strategy and procedures for measuring learner progress should also be defined during the design phase.Therefore, online courses are the ideal, even reliable, and practical medium with intense qualities for developing educational content without physical obligations, especially in crisis. Other advantages of this kind of teaching, namely online courses, they give flexibility of learning and quick access to educational media and technological tools. The education in question could hardly be based on a one-size-fits-all approach, when technology could reduce the intense workload of all teachers. In such a context, it is necessary to reflect on the profession of teachers of the future: Can they accomplish their tasks as expected? Can they resist the same roles and in what status? What training should they benefit from? Would the content of their courses still be relevant? What would be the uses, and even the limits, of digital technology to support good educational continuity in the future? Thus, many research questions are asked and which have led us to additional work on the subject in question
A Logical Pragmatics Study of Argument in Islamic-Christian Debates
Authors: Yahya Zaid Sameer , Ali Abid Hmood
Published: October 2022

Lately, pragmatics has attracted the attention of linguists and philosophers. It has been integrated into many fields of study that have contributed to the study of language. A debate is a special form of an argumentative dialogue in which two or more parties take part in attacking and defending certain claims through reasoned discourse. This study has set itself to pragmatically analyze and evaluate selected arguments of religious debates. Islamic-Christian debates are specifically chosen as data for the current study because they have not received due attention in language studies. This study is essentially concerned with investigating the logical pragmatics in the context of Deedat-Swaggart‟s debate. Consequently, the study aims at: identifying the most frequently utilized logical pragmatics strategies; showing whether the pragmatic criteria are frequently kept to or violated. To fulfill the aims, it is hypothesized that debaters utilize certain logical pragmatics strategies (grounds, warrants, claims, backings, qualifiers, and rebuttals, certain types of reasoning, and argumentation schemes), the pragmatic criteria are frequently violated. The study employs a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) to analyze the data and to verify or reject the hypotheses. The results of the study reveal that the most frequent pragmatic strategies utilized by Deedat are: grounds, deductive reasoning, argument from expert opinion. Swaggart, on the other hand, highly employs: grounds, presumptive reasoning, argument from expert opinion. The results have also shown that Deedat‟s chains of arguments are stronger and more persuasive than Swaggart‟s in terms of satisfying the logical criteria of argument evaluation.
Legal Protection of the Marine Environment from Plastic Pollution in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kudelkin Nikolai
Published: October 2022

The subject of the work is the legal norms regulating relations arising in the process of protecting the marine environment from plastic pollution, as well as the provisions of strategic planning documents related to this issue. The main purpose of the work is to develop, based on the analysis of the current legal regulation and data on the state of marine pollution by plastic, recommendations of a theoretical and practical nature aimed at improving domestic environmental legislation. The methodological basis of the research is a system of various methods, logical techniques and means of cognition. In particular, such methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, formal legal, etc. were used. The relevance of the chosen research topic is indicated by the fact that plastic is one of the most common pollutants and makes up the majority of marine debris.   At the same time, studies have confirmed the presence of such pollution in 10 of the 12 seas of the Russian Federation. The study made it possible to formulate a number of conclusions with relevance and scientific novelty, including the expediency of tightening administrative responsibility in this area, the need to establish a number of restrictions on the use of disposable plastic products, the development of requirements for antifouling coatings on ships following the Northern Sea Route in order to protect the Arctic marine environment from microplastic pollution. Among other things, it was concluded that one of the main roles in protecting the marine environment from plastic pollution should be performed by environmental education and enlightenment, which should contribute to the formation of a proper ecological culture of citizens, including in the field of handling products (products) consisting of plastic or containing it in its composition. The results of the study can be used to improve legal regulation in the field of protection of the marine environment from plastic pollution, as well as in teaching.
A case of low G-tolerance: An approach to aeromedical evaluation and disposal
Authors: Pooja Kumari , Kumar Ajay , Dinakar S.
Published: October 2022

Conventionally, aircrew who is not able to withstand +7 Gz, 15 s with an anti-G suit (AGS) and anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM) is considered to have low G-tolerance. Aircrew suspected to have low G-tolerance needs to be comprehensively evaluated. This paper highlights our approach to aeromedical evaluation and disposal of a suspected case of low G-tolerance in an under-trainee (U/T) fighter aircrew. A 21-year-old U/T fighter aircrew presented with multiple episodes of gray out/blackout while flying syllabus sorties on exposure to 4.5 G and was not able to pull beyond 5 G. A detailed history did not reveal any likely predisposing factors for reducing G-tolerance. A detailed clinical evaluation did not reveal any organic pathology. During high-performance human centrifuge evaluation, his baseline relaxed (R) and straining (S) GOR and rapid onset rate (ROR) tolerance were found to be 3.2 G (R); 6.3 G (S) and 3 G (R); 4.5 G (S), respectively. He was unable to sustain beyond 6 Gz for the 30 s even with AGS and supervised AGSM. He underwent a 12-week supervised physical conditioning program. Reassessment following 12 weeks revealed a significant improvement in physical strength parameters. However, the aircrew could not withstand 6 G for 30 s even with AGS and supervised AGSM. The aircrew was diagnosed as a case of low G-tolerance and was recommended unfit for fighter flying. Any episode of visual symptoms of loss of consciousness due to G forces is potentially incapacitating in the air. Hence, aircrew suspected to have low G-tolerance needs to comprehensively evaluated. The evaluation should include a careful history to rule out any pre-disposing factors and a detailed clinical assessment to exclude organic disability. Aircrew needs to be indoctrinated on correct AGSM technique and proper fitment of AGS must be ensured during centrifuge evaluation. Before labeling an aircrew as a case of low G-tolerance, he should be assessed for his physical fitness and undergo a supervised physical conditioning program.
Changes in metabolic gas kinetics on exposure to heat stress
Authors: Parwath Sheshideep Reddy , Mohapatra Sudhanshu Shekhar , Malhotra Vineet Kumar
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Heat stress is one of the major stressors in military aviation with the potential to adversely affect the efficiency of the aircrew and hence flight safety. Metabolic rate (MR) increases on exposure to heat and metabolic gases are considered as a proxy for MR. This study examined the influence of heat stress on metabolic gas kinetics in healthy Indian males and assessed the duration of attaining normal baseline values of metabolic gases post-exposure.

Materials and Methods:

In 16 healthy male volunteers, cardiorespiratory variables, including metabolic gases (oxygen uptake [VO2], carbon dioxide output [VCO2], minute ventilation [VE], breathing frequency [BF], and heart rate [HR]), were recorded before and approximately 2 h after a standard meal. The subjects were then exposed to a simulated temperature of 40°C with a relative humidity of 70% for 1 h in the environmental chamber. Same physiological parameters were recorded at the end of 30 min and 60 min during heat exposure and up to 90 min following exposure to heat stress at an interval of 30 min.

Results:

A significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean VO2 (ml/Kg/min) was observed post-meal (1.49 ± 0.95) as well as at 30 min (1.17 ± 0.96) and at 60 min (2.14 ± 1.19) of heat exposure. A similar increase (P < 0.05) in mean VCO2 was observed post-meal and following heat exposure. VE (L/min) increased by 12.12% post-meal (P = 0.01), 16.16% (P < 0.001) at 30 min, and 19.65% (P < 0.001) at 60 min of heat exposure. There was a significant increase in mean BF (per min) during heat exposure (2.31 ± 1.24 at 30 min and 3.53 ± 1.05 at 60 min) and till 60 min of the recovery period compared to baseline (P < 0.001). HR (bpm) increased by 14 bpm at 30 min and 17 bpm at 60 min of exposure and till 30 min after elimination of heat stress (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

A statistically significant increase was observed in VO2, VCO2, VE, BF, and HR on exposure to heat stress. Optimal recovery was observed after 30 min of eliminating the heat stress for VO2 and VCO2. Similar recovery was observed after 60 min of eliminating the heat stress for HR and following 90 min for VE and BF. Hence, if the crew is required to continue to operate in the heat stress environment, a minimum period of 90 min of a break in between the sorties must be ensured in a relatively cooler environment.
Assessment of hypoxia tolerance to high-altitude exposure following sleep deprivation
Authors: Bharadhwaj Sachin , Mohapatra Sudhanshu Shekhar , Sarkar Ranjan , Ningaiah Manu , Raju A. V. K.
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

The adverse effects of hypoxia and sleep deprivation (SD) have been studied separately but there is little literature on their effects when acting in conjunction. Hence, the effects of SD on hypoxia tolerance and cognitive performance when exposed to altitude were investigated.

Material and Methods:

In a cross-sectional repetitive measure design, 15 healthy volunteers assessed on cognitive performance were made to perform cognitive tests (Dual Task Test, Stroop Test [ST], and Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST] of Psychometric Evaluation Designed for Aviators test battery) on the ground and at a simulated altitude of 17,000 ft in a hypobaric chamber on 4 days. On the 2nd and 3rd day, the tests were done following 2 h of SD the previous night, and on the 4th day, the same was repeated following normal recovery sleep. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were measured on the ground and 17,000 ft. The Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness (LLAMS) scores were used to assess the severity of symptoms of hypoxia and time to arterial oxygen desaturation of 75% was used to measure hypoxia tolerance.

Results:

Although not statistically significant, the LLAMS scores showed an increasing trend on SD days with an improvement in recovery of sleep. No statistically significant differences in the HR (F = 0.569, P = 0.637) and RR (F = 0.569, P = 0.637) were observed across the days of SD or recovery. The time to oxygen desaturation to 75% also showed no significant effect (F = 0.587, P = 0.625). A statistically significant increase in response times of two cognitive tests (ST and DSST) was observed on exposure to altitude on all 4 days. The three cognitive tests did not show any statistically significant effect following 2 h of SD or recovery.

Conclusion:

The study could not elicit a statistically significant effect of 2 h of SD across 2 consecutive nights on the cognitive performance measures on exposure to hypoxia.
Analysis of medical emergencies in commercial flights and utility of medical resources onboard
Authors: Krishnegowda Avinash Ballekere , Dahiya Mona , Rastogi Prathu , Murthy H. M. Keshava
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Civil aviation in India is flourishing and has resulted in a substantial increase in air travel. Hence, the increase in the number of in-flight emergencies is not unanticipated. This study attempts to analyze the incidence of medical emergencies that occurred on board in a single major Indian domestic airline and to assess the adequacy of the medical equipment provided in the in-flight emergency kits.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was carried out of the narrative summaries of all medical events reported by the cabin crew of one major airline in the domestic sector. The data represented an average of 39.9% of total domestic passenger volume from January 2015 to December 2017. An assessment of available medical resources onboard and their utility in managing the medical events was carried out. A comparative study was also attempted on the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) recommendations on onboard medical resources and those of other regulatory agencies.

Results:

A total of 221 in-flight emergencies were reported from the sample. Breathlessness (n = 52) was the most common presenting symptom and cardiovascular conditions (n = 68) were the most commonly diagnosed medical illnesses. Four deaths on board were reported. Medical kits recommended by DGCA, India, are comprehensive and carry most of the required medications.

Conclusion:

Civil aviation in India is growing with more citizens using airlines for regular commutes and, hence, the likely incidence of more in-flight emergencies. A standardized system for reporting all in-flight medical emergencies, including their outcomes, should be made available to have a better understanding of the problem statement and guide suitable mitigating actions.
Composition of settlers from Kyushu Island and places of their settlement in Central Japan during the middle of the 3rd century A.D. according to the Story about the “downward moving” of Nigi-hayahi-no mikoto
Authors: Суровень Д.А.
Published: October 2022

В данной статье анализируется историческая основа слабо исследованного древнеяпонского сказания о «сошествии» Ниги-хаяхи-но микото вместе со своими сподвижниками, которое рассказывает о их переселении в Центральную Японию из страны Ама(букв. «небесной»). Это сказание о предках родовой группы клана Мононобэ-удзи наиболее полно отражено в источнике начала IX в. – «Кȳдзи-хонки». Необходимо было, сопоставив материалы сказания со сведениями китайских династийных историй, результатами исследования древней топонимики и археологических исследований, выяснить реальные события, лежащие в основе данного сказания. Ещё в конце XIX в. было высказано предположение, что данное сказание является отражением истории переселения некой этнической группы из западной Японии, события которой предшествовали основанию государства Ямато. Предание рассказывает о людях, «сошедших» из страны Ама, которую исследователи отождествляют со страной людей морского народа ама. Родиной Ниги-хаяхи могло быть владение Мацура. Как установили исследователи, из северного Кюсю и с островов Цусима и Ики происходили и сподвижники Ниги-хаяхи. Датировка описанных в сказании событий, исходя из результатов анализа распространения топонимов северо-кюсюской области Ито (так называемых мару-тимэй, перенесённых в область Ямато) и связанных с ними археологических объектов, определена исследователями как середина III в. н. э.: около 245–250 гг. н. э. действительно было переселение из Северного Кюсю в Кинай, с которым связано основание в середине III в. большого поселения Макимуку в Центральной Японии. Сопоставление данных выводов с сообщениями китайских династийных историй о событиях в юго-западной Японии середины III в. приводит нас к выводу о том, что Ниги-хаяхи-но микото и сопровождавшие его в переселении люди могли быть участниками борьбы за власть, развернувшейся в государстве Нюй-ван-го после смерти правительницы Бимиху (яп. Химико) в 247–248 гг. Ниги-хаяхи-но микото и его сторонники выступили против И-юй (преемницы Бимиху). И, потерпев поражение в политической борьбе, должны были покинуть Кюсю и отправиться в странствие на восток, принеся в Центральную Японию топоним Ямато (по названию главного владения государства Нюй-ван-го, где располагалась резиденция главы этой федерации). Анализ материалов сказания показал, что переселенцы осели в восточном Сэццу, Кавати, Идзуми и затем в области Ямато. Сподвижники Ниги-хаяхи-но микото и их потомки стали заметной частью слоя общинной знати центральной Японии, составив основу правящего слоя раннего Ямато. Исследователи определили, что от Ниги-хаяхи происходило более сотни знатных кланов Ямато, а его потомки составляли 25,5 % общего количества родов Ямато. Результаты исследования позволят более полно понять социальное и политическое развитие центральной Японии во второй половине III в.
Verarbeitung komplexer XML-basierter Massendaten in BigData-Anwendungen
Authors: Keller Max-Emanuel , Mandl Peter , Döschl Alexander , Kailer Daniel , Grimm Markus
Published: October 2022

XML ist ein semi-strukturiertes Datenbeschreibungsformat, das aufgrund weiter Verbreitung und steigender Datenmengen auch als Eingabeformat für eine BigData-Verarbeitung relevant ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich daher mit der Nutzung komplexer XML-basierter Datenstrukturen als Eingabeformat für BigData-Anwendungen. Werden umfangreiche komplexe XML-Datenstrukturen mit verschiedenen XML-Typen in einer zu verarbeitenden XML-Datei beispielsweise mit Apache Hadoop verarbeitet, kann das Einlesen der Daten die Laufzeit einer Anwendung dominieren. Unser Ansatz befasst sich mit der Optimierung der Eingabephasen, indem Zwischenergebnisse der Verarbeitung im Arbeitsspeicher abgelegt werden.  Der Aufwand für die Verarbeitung reduziert sich damit zum Teil erheblich. Anhand einer Fallstudie aus der Musikbranche, in der standardisierte XML-basierte Formate wie das DDEX-Format genutzt werden, wird experimentell gezeigt, dass die Verarbeitung mit unserem Ansatz im Vergleich zur klassischen Abarbeitung von Dateiinhalten deutlich effizienter ist.
Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit von künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Lossos Christian , Morelli Frank , Geschwill Simon
Published: October 2022

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) entwickelt sich durch optimierte Rechenleistungen, große Mengen an verfügbaren Daten und massiven Investitionen immer mehr zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des Alltags. Gleichzeitig führen die Komplexität der Technologie und fehlende Optionen zur eindeutigen Nachvollziehbarkeit von Entscheidungsprozessen zu vielfältigen, neuartigen Risiken. Vor dem Hintergrund möglicher Folgen durch maschinelle Fehlentscheidungen steht die Interne Revision in der Verantwortung, die Wirksamkeit von Künstlicher Intelligenz in spezifischen Anwendungsfällen zu bewerten.
Multi-Security System Based on RFID Fingerprint and Keypad to Access the Door
Authors: Tambunan Ramses Wanto , Ar-Rafif Abdul Aziz , Galina Mia
Published: October 2022

It is necessary to prepare for the increasing crime rate of household theft with a modern home security system that allows customers to monitor home security remotely. This can be accomplished by replacing the standard lock with a solenoid door lock, which is more difficult to duplicate and reduces the likelihood of theft when the house is unoccupied. The Authors developed a three-tiered home security system prototype that includes fingerprint, the RFID, and keypad biometric sensors. The device's finished prototype was tested ten times after it was designed. The Arduino Uno microcontroller, which also serves as the door-locking mechanism, turns on the door-lock solenoid. When authentication is successful, someone will be granted access to the door. The preliminary findings indicate that the fingerprint. The fingerprint sensor's ability to read fingerprints in 3.7 seconds on average demonstrates its effectiveness. Second, the RFID sensor detects the e-KTP, and the RFID scans the card in an average of 2.4 seconds. The third keypad contains the password for unlocking the door. After ten repetitions, the experiment input yields an average time of 3.66 seconds. Opening a door with a 3-level multi-sensor typically takes 9.8 seconds. In this study, the installation of each sensor is notified via a GSM SIM800L module, allowing customers to monitor security remotely.
METHODS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS JORDANIAN "THEORETICAL STUDY"
Authors: AL-Momani Mohammad Omar
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to identify the methods used by higher education institutions to achieve quality education Quality has received significant attention in most countries of the world as one of the thestrutsbasic for education systems that have to keep up with the changes Globalism Andadapt to it And the starting point for scientifically qualified human cadres to participate in achieving development in its various dimensions, and facing the adverse effects resulting from the drivers of change, leading to practical solutions that benefit societies. To achieve this, the quality assurance process works onApply advanced methods to improve higher education and activate existing practices. Development payout will pass and achieve the highest possible outcomes for higher education institutions to suit local, regional and global needs.
DEGRADASI MORAL DI KALANGAN PEMUKA AGAMA
Authors: Erni Erni , Asror Muhamad Alim Ka’batul
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to reveal the factors causing the decline in morals among religious leaders. The type of research is a literature review using a phenomenological approach by analyzing data from news related to sexual violence in religious leaders. The study results are one, lack of understanding of religion is the most critical factor, and morals are born from religion; this happens because if someone is religious and applies religion well, of course, they have good morals. Understanding religion with its origin with radical thoughts will cause problems in society. If the religious perspective is wrong from the beginning, then it will undoubtedly take action according to its own will without thinking about the impact on others. The community focuses more on religious studies from text references without seeing the scientific source. Second, having a low level of emotional intelligence so that even though you already have total religious values, if you control yourself at a low level, there will be a desire to commit irresponsible acts, violence, and harassment.
IMPLEMENTASI BLENDED LEARNING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMAN 4 PANDEGLANG
Authors: Prihatini Eneng Nurul , Kuntari Septi
Published: October 2022

The Covid-19 phenomenon encourages learning activities to be held boldly to reduce community mobility as one way to reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19. With the emergence of a new habitus in the world of education, there are new models of learning in the pursuit of learning effectiveness. one of them is the application of the Blended Learning model, which is a combination of two learning models, namely online (in a network) and face-to-face meetings (face to face). This study aimed to determine how the implementation of the Blended Learning model at SMAN 4 Pandeglang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method, and observation, interviews, and documentation do the data collection. The results show that the process of implementing blended learning at SMAN 4 Pandeglang starts from planning by planning a schedule, developing strategies and teaching materials, and compiling an evaluation model; the implementation process has two forms, namely 30% Blended Learning by presenting students who have inaccessible access and courageous learning facilities. The second is 50% Blended Learning with 50% bold learning and 50% face-to-face; Blended Learning is also applied in sociology learning. The benefits of implementing blended learning are (1) reducing problems in bold learning, (2) making it easier for teachers to provide direct assessments, (3) motivating students (4) improving student learning outcomes. The evaluation model of blended learning is divided into two, face-to-face evaluation and evaluation through a bold platform.
ANALISIS TINDAKAN SOSIAL DALAM PERISTIWA PENOLAKAN VAKSIN
Authors: Sugiyono Paulus Bagus
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of Covid-19 vaccine rejection among Indonesia society which occurred in the midst of Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative approach by employing secondary data related to the phenomenon of Covid-19 vaccine rejection. This article itself brings the concept of social action offered by Max Weber as a conceptual framework. The main finding of this research is that there are various reasons behind the phenomenon of Covid-19 vaccine rejection. Those reasons portray the rich variety of meanings which also mean that there are many socio-cultural contexts behind it. Therefore, we need the appropriate strategy to face such phenomenon. Thus, the goals of Covid-19 vaccine promotion could be reached well.
SEX EDUCATION DALAM PEMBENTUKKAN KARAKTER ANAK PERSEKTIF PSIKOLOGI ISLAM
Authors: Assakinah Nurul Fajri
Published: October 2022

Sex education is something that needs to be implemented in schools and in the family environment. For this research, qualitative research methods are used that emphasize values. Qualitative method is a research procedure that produces qualitative descriptive data in the form of words and in writing or verbally from the people and actors who are observed. This method is used to try to answer as a whole about Sex Education in the Character Building of Islamic Psychology Perspective Children, besides this research uses a qualitative descriptive method. This cannot be separated from the role of teachers at school and parents at home. Character formation is carried out by teaching children such as the Koran, playing educational games at school and in the family environment, teaching children to sing according to their abilities, teaching children to distinguish colors, good and bad traits when playing at school or at home and teaching children about organs. reproductions that can be seen and that cannot be seen that can be touched and that cannot be touched and improve the ability or train the mind not to think about pornographic things. Islamic psychology is present in the world of education in early childhood with a new paradigm, so that children not only understand the concept of life in general, but can understand the concept of human beings in Islam. So that children can be useful for family, community, religion, homeland and nation.
META ANALISIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KETERAMPILAN ABAD 21
Authors: Karomatunnisa Az-Zahra Aulia , Sholih Jamilla Agustin Ummu , Hanifah Nida , Prihantini Prihantini
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the project based learning model in improving 21st century skills. The research method uses a qualitative approach based on the literature. Sources obtained from various kinds of reading materials such as books, articles, journals, and other literature. The sources used are relevant to the discussion. The project-based learning model is one of the project-based models, where students are more active in the learning process. Students will be given a project in the group learning process. 21st century skills are skills that must be possessed in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 which requires its generations to become quality, creative, innovative, and critical human resources. This project-based learning is one way to face and prepare generations in the 21st century. This model will later be able to form skills that are in accordance with the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Project-based learning is also equipped with a scientific approach. Along with the times and more and more learning models, one of which is a project-based learning model that can be applied by teachers as an effort to prepare the 21st century generation.
INTERNALISASI NILAI PANCASILA TERHADAP GENERASI MUDA SEBAGAI WUJUD MEMPERTAHANKAN BUDAYA BANGSA
Authors: Mujahidah Idah , Dewi Dinie Anggraeni
Published: October 2022

This article contains an idea how to internalize the values of Pancasila to the younger generation in the era of globalization. This idea was created to respond to the changes that have emerged in the community, especially the environment of the younger generation as a result of globalization, where these changes have an impact on various things, one of which is the erosion of the nation's culture as a result of cultural influences from outside. This article contains several things including, the values of each of the Pancasila precepts, the challenges of Pancasila in the era of globalization, and the internalization of Pancasila values for the younger generation. The method used in this article is to use descriptive qualitative methods through literature studies or literature studies through several sources relevant to related topics. On the other hand, this research also aims to make it easier for readers to understand every meaning contained in Pancasila which is discussed in light and easy to understand language. From this goal, this research is interesting to study because in the end this article also creates a goal to create motivation for the younger generation to be able to practice the values of Pancasila in everyday life as well as be able to avoid the bad changes of this globalization.
PERANAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH TERHADAP PENGUATAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN SISWA SMAN 111 JAKARTA
Authors: Anastya Zalfa Anastya Zalfa , Shobihah Alya , Fadhil Abdul
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe the role of the school environment in strengthening the environmental care character of students at SMA Negeri 111 Jakarta. This type of research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, observation, and documentation. The validity of the data in this study uses triangulation of sources and techniques. Data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman with three stages, namely data reduction, data display, decision making and verification which were presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this study prove that the role of the school environment in strengthening the character of caring for the environment is manifested in several ways including, (1) providing exemplary habituation, (2) habituation of maintaining cleanliness and environmental sustainability, (3) the availability of supporting facilities including the provision of cleaning equipment, garbage disposal sites. , toilets and clean water as well as slogans or posters caring for the environment in various corners of the school, and (4) support the Adiwiyata program by holding clean Fridays, a waste bank and making compost.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS KELUARGA DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Agustina Dwi
Published: October 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic led to various changes and gave rise to culture shock in all areas of human life, especially in the field of education. Implementation of character education that was previously done in school, became a change in the application of learning from home. Considering the importance of character education for the sustainability of a dignified and superior generation. In times of pandemics, character education should not be ignored, especially for students in elementary school. The purpose of this study is to explain how the implementation of character education is applied by families in pandemic times. This research method uses qualitative research. Data is sourced from interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis using with Miles Haberman model analysis that reduces data, presents data and draws conclusions. The results showed that parents implement character values including religious character, collaboration, nationalism, independence, and integrity 1) Religious aspects are done by example to children to worship, which is 63.8 percent of parents often do; 2) Collaboration aspect is done by involving children in activities at home, which is as much as 70.7 percent of parents do it; 3) Aspects of nationalism are done by teaching the love of the homeland through the use of uniforms and singing the national anthem on Mondays, namely 79.3 parents do; 4) Aspects of independence are done by accustoming children not to depend on others, which is 75.9 percent; and 5) Aspects of integrity are taught so that children have an honest attitude, which is as much as 56.9 percent teach children to have an honest attitude. Planting character values while at home shows good results, but needs to be improved with cooperation between family and school so that character planting can run effectively and efficiently.