bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-infective Waste in a Pediatric Institution: Pinpointing Problems in the Process
Authors: MacBrayne Christine E. , Williams Manon C. , Obermeier Haley , Child Jason , Heizer Justin W. , Millard Matt , Pearce Kelly , Dugan Casey , Parker Sarah K.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: At Children’s Hospital Colorado (CHCO), there are approximately 40 000 inpatient anti-infective orders every year resulting over 100 000 dispenses. Significant quantities of anti-infectives are wasted, incurring roughly $100 000 in waste annually. Identifying areas for improvement will result in cost savings and ameliorate the impact of drug shortages. Summary: This descriptive report discusses the reasons for anti-infective waste at a free-standing, quaternary-care, pediatric hospital. The anti-infectives with the highest cost in waste ($) included meropenem ($38 084), micafungin ($21 690), amphotericin B liposome ($15 913). An internal audit of CHCO anti-infective waste revealed that drugs are wasted for the following reasons: patient discharge, medication order discontinuation or change, and misplaced doses. Conclusion: The CHCO Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and the Pharmacy have proposed 4 process improvement measures that will target anti-infective waste to reduce pharmaceutical waste and hospital costs. These measures may be applicable to other drug classes that likely suffer from a similar proportion of waste.
Employee dissent on social media and organizational discipline
Authors: Thompson Paul , McDonald Paula , O’Connor Peter
Published: May 2019

What kind of surveillance of employees is evident today? The rights of employers to police and act punitively with regard to workplace dissent and misbehaviour have become contentious legal, policy and ethical issues. Drawing on survey responses from employees in the UK and Australia, this study investigates the scope and scale of employee dissent in relation to critical online comments and the private use of social media during work time. The findings reveal a sufficient pool of misbehaviours, albeit that they are emergent and uneven. Also evident were some apparently contradictory responses with respect to employer rights to profile and discipline, at the same time as asserting employee rights to voice and private online identities. The findings contribute to knowledge of how much and what kinds of online dissent exist in the ambiguous space between the public sphere of work and the private lives of individual employees and what employers do about it.
The Role of Attachment Anxiety, Attachment Avoidance, and Grit on Life Satisfaction and Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Waring Angelica , Kernes Jerry L. , Bui Ngoc H.
Published: May 2019

The present study examined the role of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and grit on life satisfaction and romantic relationship satisfaction. We recruited participants ( n = 378, mean age = 28.3) using convenience and snowball sampling (i.e., via Facebook and email). The sample consisted of 86 males, 284 females, 2 transgender individuals, and 6 individuals who did not indicate their gender. Participants completed online surveys. Results partially supported our hypotheses that greater attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance resulted in lower life satisfaction scores, but individuals with high grit had lower life satisfaction scores than those with low grit. Additionally, results supported the hypotheses that greater attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance resulted in lower romantic relationship satisfaction scores. However, we posit that grit may work differently in influencing life satisfaction compared with romantic relationship satisfaction, particularly among our younger sample. Implications of findings and directions for future research were also explored.
Leaving Your Car with Strangers: Informal Car Parkers and Improbable Trust in Mexico City
Authors: Blajer de la Garza Yuna
Published: May 2019

This article explores the case of informal car parkers in Mexico City, to whom drivers regularly entrust the keys to their vehicles. In contrast to literature on social trust that expects institutional trust and interpersonal trust to support one another, the article shows that interpersonal trust improbably arises in the context of corrupt and inefficient institutions. Coercive and market dynamics undergird the interactions among car parkers, police officers, and drivers, making possible the emergence of an informal market and noncontractual agreements. The exchange between car parkers and drivers depends on the performance of class—a performance that becomes legible and formulaic enough to appear safe, precisely because it coalesces classist tropes that are clearly distinct and recognizable. Interpersonal trust becomes possible not only despite class cleavages and institutional shortcomings but, paradoxically, because of them.
Substance Use Disorder Treatment in the Reentry Environment: Service Receipt and Prisoner Community Reintegration
Authors: Hamilton Leah , Belenko Steven
Published: May 2019

Accessing substance use disorder (SUD) treatment after prison is a challenging process for released inmates. Pre-release behavioral health services appear to improve treatment access. However, a deeper understanding of pre-release services in facilitating treatment after release, as well as how pre-release services are affected by the introduction of post-release services, are needed to determine how to best facilitate SUD treatment access with this population. Using the Serious and Violent Offenders Reentry Initiative male dataset ( N = 1,697), the relationship between pre-release behavioral health services and SUD treatment at 3 and 9 months after release is examined. The results demonstrated that only a few pre-release services, along with individual motivation, maintained their influence on SUD treatment access over both follow-up time points; however, other services provided later into the post-release re-entry process also contributed to improved SUD treatment receipt. Implications for improving transition services for inmates with SUDs are discussed
Rethinking “the Third Sphere”: The Dualistic Unity of State and Society in China, Past and Present
Authors: Huang Philip C. C.
Published: May 2019

This article reconsiders the author’s multiple pieces over the years about “the third sphere” between state and society in China, past and present, to explain more clearly its connection with the “centralized minimalism” tradition of Chinese governance, and to summarize multiple positive and negative empirical examples to make explicit how state and society have interacted, complemented, or mutually shaped one another in a dualistic whole. The article examines the logics and mechanisms in that changing third sphere from imperial to modern times, and from the collective era to the Reform era of China. The article includes also a discussion of and dialogue with Li-An Zhou’s theory of “administrative contracting.” The article further attempts to provide a prospective vision for a distinctively Chinese political-legal and political-economic system.
Impact of anticoagulation strategy and agents on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy
Authors: Macielak Shea , Burcham Pamela , Whitson Bryan , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Rozycki Alan
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation mandates balancing the risk of thromboembolic complications with bleeding. We aimed to evaluate pragmatic anticoagulation regimens during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and compare thromboembolic and bleeding outcomes.

Methods:

This retrospective, single-center study reviewed patients on venovenous or venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a minimum of 24 hours over a 5-year period. The primary outcome was composite thromboembolic events per day of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Secondary outcomes included composite bleeding complications, percent of measured activated partial thromboplastin times in goal range, and comparing events with therapeutic anticoagulation for the majority of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run (>50% of time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) versus non-therapeutic anticoagulation (therapeutic anticoagulation <50% of time).

Results:

For the primary analysis, 100 patients received heparin, 10 received bivalirudin, and 43 were transitioned between heparin and bivalirudin. No significant differences were identified comparing the heparin group to the bivalirudin (RR = 0.427, p = 0.156) or transitioned group (RR = 1.274, p = 0.325). There were no differences in the rate of bleeding events when comparing the heparin group to the bivalirudin (RR = 0.626, p = 0.250) or transitioned group (RR = 0.742, p = 0.116). An increased number of adjustments to the anticoagulants was associated with a statistically higher rate of bleeding events per day (p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

There were no differences in thromboembolic or bleeding events when comparing different anticoagulant regimens. Adjustments to the anticoagulants are more likely to occur when bleeding is observed. Due to variability in anticoagulation, there is a need to standardize anticoagulation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Palliative care for people with dementia living at home: A systematic review of interventions
Authors: Miranda Rose , Bunn Frances , Lynch Jennifer , Van den Block Lieve , Goodman Claire
Published: May 2019

Background:

The European Association for Palliative Care White Paper defined optimal palliative care in dementia based on evidence and expert consensus. Yet, we know little on how to achieve this for people with dementia living and dying at home.

Aims:

To examine evidence on home palliative care interventions in dementia, in terms of their effectiveness on end-of-life care outcomes, factors influencing implementation, the extent to which they address the European Association for Palliative Care palliative care domains and evidence gaps.

Design:

A systematic review of home palliative care interventions in dementia.

Data sources:

The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018093607). We searched four electronic databases up to April 2018 (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and CINAHL) and conducted lateral searches.

Results:

We retrieved eight relevant studies, none of which was of high quality. The evidence, albeit of generally weak quality, showed the potential benefits of the interventions in improving end-of-life care outcomes, for example, behavioural disturbances. The interventions most commonly focused on optimal symptom management, continuity of care and psychosocial support. Other European Association for Palliative Care domains identified as important in palliative care for people with dementia, for example, prognostication of dying or avoidance of burdensome interventions were under-reported. No direct evidence on facilitators and barriers to implementation was found.

Conclusions:

The review highlights the paucity of high-quality dementia-specific research in this area and recommends key areas for future work, for example, the need for process evaluation to identify facilitators and barriers to implementing interventions.
Impossible, unknowable, accountable: Dramas and dilemmas of data law
Authors: Cool Alison
Published: May 2019

On May 25, 2018, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into force. EU citizens are granted more control over personal data while companies and organizations are charged with increased responsibility enshrined in broad principles like transparency and accountability. Given the scope of the regulation, which aims to harmonize data practices across 28 member states with different concerns about data collection, the GDPR has significant consequences for individuals in the EU and globally. While the GDPR is primarily intended to regulate tech companies, it also has important implications for data use in scientific research. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with researchers, lawyers and legal scholars in Sweden, I argue that the GDPR’s flexible accountability principle effectively encourages researchers to reflect on their ethical responsibility but can also become a source of anxiety and produce unexpected results. Many researchers I spoke with expressed profound uncertainty about ‘impossible’ legal requirements for research data use. Despite the availability of legal texts and interpretations, I suggest we should take researchers’ concerns about ‘unknowable’ data law seriously. Many researchers’ sense of legal ambiguity led them to rethink their data practices and themselves as ethical subjects through an orientation to what they imagined as the ‘real people behind the data’, variously formulated as a Swedish population desiring data use for social benefit or a transnational public eager for research results. The intentions attributed to people, populations and publics – whom researchers only encountered in the abstract form of data – lent ethical weight to various and sometimes conflicting decisions about data security and sharing. Ultimately, researchers’ anxieties about their inability to discern the desires of the ‘real people’ lent new appeal to solutions, however flawed, that promised to alleviate the ethical burden of personal data.
Boundary repair: Science and enterprise at the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Authors: Ma Dali
Published: May 2019

In the 1980s, the Chinese state pushed the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to establish businesses. Some of these businesses did not engage in any research and development (R&D), and this resulted in scientists having concerns about the boundary around the institutionalizing scientific community. When the state supported CAS’s ‘Knowledge Innovation’ reform in the late 1990s, CAS’s organizing principle became centered on a more narrowly scientific logic, which led to less reliance on business income. Regression analysis indicates that CAS-owned enterprises without R&D were more likely to be discontinued during ‘Knowledge Innovation’. Moreover, businesses having no R&D were more likely to be discontinued (1) if they were making high profits and (2) if they were supervised by an institute in which Academicians had longer tenure, because these conditions heightened science-market conflict.
Evaluation of 18 Direct CPT Methods for Estimating the Ultimate Pile Capacity of Driven Piles
Authors: Amirmojahedi Mohsen , Abu-Farsakh Murad
Published: May 2019

Cone and piezocone penetration tests (CPT, PCPT) are widely acknowledged to be useful and powerful in-situ tests for soil classification and characterization, and for evaluating different soil properties, such as strength and consolidation parameters. Due to similarity, between the cone and the pile penetration, CPT data have been used effectively for estimating ultimate pile capacity. Researchers have developed various direct CPT methods to estimate the ultimate capacity of piles ( Qp) from CPT/PCPT data (tip resistance and sleeve friction) with depth. In this study, the measured ultimate pile capacities ( Qp) obtained from static load tests on 80 square precast prestressed concrete piles in Louisiana were used to evaluate 18 direct pile-CPT methods for estimating ultimate pile capacity. Two approaches were used. In the first approach, three criteria (best fit line, arithmetic mean and standard deviation, and cumulative probability of Qp/Qm) were adopted, and the sum of ranking of all criteria was used to determine the final ranking of each method. A second approach, multidimensional unfolding, was used to display the ranking data in a two-dimensional space. This approach helps to reveal the typical ranking of the pile-CPT methods, the extent of agreement between the piles, the existence of outliers among the piles, and the similarity between the CPT methods. Based on the results of this study, Bustamante and Gianeselli (LCPC), probabilistic, UF, Philipponnat, CPT2000, UWA, De Ruiter and Beringen, and Schmertmann were found to be the best CPT methods (in order) for estimating the ultimate pile capacity of driven PPC piles.
Application of High-Resolution Trip Trace Stitching to Evaluate Traffic Signal System Changes
Authors: Li Howell , Mackey Jamie , Luker Matt , Taylor Mark , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: May 2019

Second-by-second GPS trajectories, called trip traces, of vehicles moving along an arterial provide the highest fidelity measure of corridor operations. However, large samples of such contiguous trajectories are not always possible because of varying techniques to reset probe vehicle IDs for data privacy, varying probe data penetration rates, and varying vehicle routing. This paper analyzes changes in segment travel time using the Mann–Whitney U test and proposes a method for creating a composite travel time metric using trip trace data. These techniques were applied to a four-corridor signal improvement and upgrade project in southeastern Salt Lake County. The study found that on average three out of the four corridors decreased in composite median travel time, by 32 s, 16 s, and 14 s. Interquartile range (IQR) was used to assess travel time reliability and the IQR travel time reduced (improved) on average by 33 s, 23 s, 18 s, and 1 s. In addition, a rank-sums method for statistically comparing the two composite travel time distributions is applied to the results. The four corridors had a total of 48 links and were evaluated during five time-of-day periods. Out of the 240 link-periods, the rank-sums analysis method found that overall, 68 link-periods improved and 13 link-periods slowed, at a 95% significance level. The annualized user benefit from the improvements was estimated at $2.2 million for the four corridors.
Transferring Matters: Analysis of the Influence of Transfers on Trip Satisfaction
Authors: Grisé Emily , El-Geneidy Ahmed
Published: May 2019

Conventional wisdom in public transport planning suggests that transfers should be minimized because of the negative perceptions associated with them. However, little is known about how transferring affects overall satisfaction levels. This study aims to answer the following three research questions: (1) Are people that require transfers on their daily commute less satisfied with their trips compared with their non-transferring counterparts? (2) How many transfers appear to be too many transfers to remain satisfied with a trip? (3) Do mode-specific transfers have different impacts on overall satisfaction levels? Using data from a 2017/18 commuting survey of students, faculty, and staff at McGill University, Montreal, Canada, this study tries to answer the above questions through two statistical models, general and mode-specific. The general model showed that compared with trips involving zero transfers, no statistical difference in trip satisfaction was observed for one-transfer trips, whereas trip satisfaction declines by 32% when a rider must transfer at least two times. The mode-specific transfers showed that transferring between bus routes, and between a bus and subway, negatively affects trip satisfaction. However, transferring between subway lines did not show an impact in the models. These results show that transferring between high-frequency routes does not affect total trip satisfaction levels in the same way as transfers involving low-frequency services. Findings from this study are expected to contribute to both scholarly and practical discussions of the relationship between transferring and customer satisfaction.
Food Insecurity and Associated Factors Among University Students
Authors: Ukegbu Patricia , Nwofia Blessing , Ndudiri Uchechi , Uwakwe Nnenna , Uwaegbute Ada
Published: May 2019

Background:

Food insecurity is a growing public health issue and a barrier to students achieving adequate nutrition. Data regarding food insecurity among university students in Nigeria are scarce.

Objective:

The study assessed the prevalence of food insecurity and associated factors among university students, southeast Nigeria.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of 398 randomly selected students recruited from 2 universities in southeast Nigeria was conducted. Food security status was assessed using the 10-item US Household Food Security Scale Module. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with food insecurity.

Results:

A majority of the students were categorized as food insecure. Of this, about 35.7% and 45.0% were considered to have low and very low food insecurity, respectively. Food insecurity was significantly associated with monthly allowance, daily amount spent on food, and source of income. The odds of food insecurity was significantly higher for students whose fathers were farmers (4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.453-14.737), but lower for those whose mothers were farmers (0.18, 95% CI: 0.059-0.564).

Conclusion:

The result provides an insight into the food security status of university students in Nigeria. The prevalence of food insecurity was high among the students. Therefore, further studies involving different urban and rural (and/or public and private) universities in Nigeria are suggested in order to have a deeper understanding of the magnitude and contributing factors among this population group.
Freire and Planning Education: The Pedagogy of Hope for Faculty and Students
Authors: Sartorio Francesca S. , Thomas Huw
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses on UK higher education (HE), but the circumstances it describes have parallels throughout the Global North. Its purpose is to offer hope to faculty and students despondent about the possibility of changing a HE system inimical to much-valued aspects of professional (including planning) education. This paper argues that a Freirean-inflected understanding of reflection can create conditions in which students and faculty have the possibilities of developing a shared, and radical, understanding of the shortcomings of current HE and identify real, if sometimes modest, opportunities for change in the short term.
The Value of Proximity to a Vacation Home Rental in a Resort Community
Authors: Wassmer Robert W.
Published: May 2019

Based upon a hedonic regression analysis of home sales in the City of South Lake Tahoe (CA), a vacation home rental (VHR) sells for more than a similar non-VHR. In addition, the presence of VHRs within a quarter-mile radius of a home sale also raises its value. However, the overall effect on the value of all home sale values from the presence of VHRs in South Lake Tahoe is negative. VHRs benefit owners and neighbors near them, but overall reduce the city’s residential property values. These findings offer a logical basis for the heated discussions often observed over planning activities that restrict the presence of VHRs and/or attempt to mitigate their neighborhood effects. The paper concludes with implications for planning policy directed at VHRs.
Do Denser Neighborhoods Have Safer Streets? Population Density and Traffic Safety in the Philadelphia Region
Authors: Guerra Erick , Dong Xiaoxia , Kondo Michelle
Published: May 2019

This study uses multilevel negative binomial models to investigate relationships between neighborhood socio-demographics, urban form, roadway characteristics, traffic collisions, injuries, and fatalities on the Philadelphia region’s streets from 2010 to 2014. We pay particular attention to neighborhood population density. Results indicate that streets in denser neighborhoods have fewer overall collisions, injuries, and fatalities. The association with pedestrian safety is mixed and somewhat uncertain across urban areas and model specifications. This study highlights the importance of population density in traffic safety and helps explain some of the variation in findings across studies examining the relationship between urban form and pedestrian safety.
Keeping Christ at the Core of the Curriculum: Reflections on Wheaton College's General Education Reform
Authors: Miglio Sarah , Wilhoit James
Published: May 2019

While curricular revisions often generate controversy or disagreement, successful revisions are possible through collaborative efforts, the articulation of shared mission, and the pursuit of incremental change. Faculty trained in Christian formation and ministry are well-positioned to help shape a curriculum that addresses the intellectual and spiritual development of students.
Development and Initial Validation of Three Culturally Sensitive Measures of Intimate Partner Violence for Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Dyar Christina , Messinger Adam M. , Newcomb Michael E. , Byck Gayle R. , Dunlap Parks , Whitton Sarah W.
Published: May 2019

Measures of intimate partner violence (IPV) have largely been developed and validated in heterosexual, cisgender samples, with little attention to whether these measures are culturally appropriate for sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. However, rates of IPV are two to three times higher among SGM than heterosexual populations, highlighting the importance of culturally appropriate measures of IPV for SGM populations. In this article, after reviewing key problems with the use of existing IPV measures with SGM samples, we describe the development of a toolkit of new and adapted measures of IPV for use with SGM assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) populations, including an adapted version of the Conflict Tactics Scale–Revised, an adapted measure of coercive control, and the newly developed SGM-Specific IPV Tactics Measure. Using data from a sample of 352 SGM-AFAB individuals, we then test the psychometric properties of these three measures, including their factor structures, internal reliability, and convergent/divergent validity. Results provide initial evidence of the reliability and validity of each measure. Together, these three measures comprise a culturally appropriate and psychometrically validated measurement toolkit for studying a broad range of IPV tactics among SGM-AFAB that will help build a foundation for more in-depth research into IPV in SGM populations.
Route Choices and Adolescent–Adult Connections in Mitigating Exposure to Environmental Risk Factors During Daily Activities
Authors: Culyba Alison J. , Branas Charles C. , Guo Wensheng , Miller Elizabeth , Ginsburg Kenneth R. , Wiebe Douglas J.
Published: May 2019

While adolescent–adult connections have been shown to be protective against violence perpetration and victimization, mechanisms through which these connections confer protection from violence are poorly understood. We assessed whether adolescent–adult connections protected youth in lower resource urban neighborhoods from exposure to environmental risk factors for violence during daily activities. We overlaid on the city landscape minute-by-minute activity paths from 274 randomly sampled predominantly African American male youth, ages 10 to 24, enrolled in a population-based study of daily activities in Philadelphia, PA, to calculate environmental exposures and to compare exposures along actual versus shortest potential travel routes. Adolescent–adult connections were defined using brief survey questions and detailed family genograms. Analyses demonstrated that youth’s selected travel routes resulted in significantly lower exposure to several types of crime, including vandalism, narcotics arrests, and disorderly conduct, than would have occurred on shortest potential routes. On average, youth with adolescent–adult connections spent less time outdoors than youth without connections, although these differences did not reach statistical significance ( p = .06). There were no significant differences in environmental risk factors encountered by youth with versus without adolescent–adult connections. Future mixed-methods research combining qualitative and geographic information systems (GIS) approaches should investigate which factors shape travel decisions during daily activities to guide multimodal violence prevention interventions.
Active manipulator motion planning for planetary landform awareness
Authors: Leng Shu , Hu Haochen , Yu Meng , Ju Hehua
Published: May 2019

This paper presents an active motion planning approach for a robotic manipulator operating in planetary surface exploration missions. A monocular camera is employed to examine the visually salient regions in an image, from which landforms of potential interests are extracted, and two key metrics are established to evaluate the information richness of the landforms. A next-best view manipulator motion planning is proposed, in which motions of the manipulator are actively planned to reach a better viewpoint to view the target landform, the safety of such operation is guaranteed by real-time estimating the relative distance using ORriented Brief (ORB)–simultaneous localization and mapping. The proposed active motion planning method is validated by an experimental trial, results from which demonstrate that it is able to safely acquire a better viewing of a just-detected planetary landform with full autonomy.
Slider position control for slider-crank mechanisms with Jacobian compensator
Authors: Flores Campos Juan Alejandro , Perrusquía Adolfo
Published: May 2019

In this work, a position control for slider-crank mechanisms without Jacobian and joint measurements is presented. A Jacobian compensator that depends on the sign of the direction of rotation of the input link and the output link is proposed. A linear sensor is mounted at the slider to measure its position. Simulations and experiments are presented using two different Whitworth mechanisms to validate and compared the proposed approach with Jacobian-based controllers.
Firm Efficiency of East Asia Countries: The Impact of Board Busyness
Authors: Tan Khar Mang , Kamarudin Fakarudin , Noordin Bany-Ariffin Amin , Rahim Norhuda Abdul
Published: May 2019

This study aims to examine the impact of board busyness on firm efficiency under the concept of technical efficiency. By employing conventional agency theory and busyness hypothesis, the logical relationships between board busyness and firm efficiency are established. In the first stage of analysis, this study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to investigate firm efficiency. While in the second stage of analysis, this study adopts panel regression analysis to empirically examine the proposed effect of board busyness on firm efficiency, based on a sample of 400 listed firms in the countries of significant East Asia region from 2009 to 2015. This study discovers the significant and negative impact of board busyness on firm efficiency, suggesting that the busy board significantly impedes firm efficiency due to their overcommitted issue and therefore consistent with busyness hypothesis and agency theory. This study highlights practical implication for managers who pursue to enhance firm efficiency in attaining the goals of profit maximization by understanding how board busyness impacts the firm efficiency. In addition, this study calls for regulators and government policymakers to review the restrictions on board busyness in preventing the overcommitted issue of busy boards.
Bullying in School: Importance of and Challenges Involved in Talking to the School Nurse
Authors: Kvarme Lisbeth Gravdal , Misvær Nina , Valla Lisbeth , Myhre Mia Cathrine , Holen Solveig , Sagatun Åse
Published: May 2019

Bullying has negative consequences for health and quality of life of students. This study is part of a pilot project, “School Health,” which included a web-based questionnaire completed by students before a consultation with the school nurse. The aim of this study was to explore how students experience answering questions about bullying before an individual consultation and how they talk about bullying with the school nurse. This study had qualitative design with individual and focus group interviews and involved 38 students aged 13–14 years, both boys and girls, from three schools. Data were analyzed according to Kvale’s three levels of interpretation within a phenomenological and hermeneutic perspective. The students found it difficult to report being bullied. They expressed confidence in the school nurse and liked talking with her. Some complained about the school environment and reported that having a friend was important.
Innovative Work Behavior of Middle School Faculty and Staff Related to Student Mental Health
Authors: Jordan Kasey , Mion Lorraine , Lutenbacher Melanie , Dietrich Mary , Murry Velma
Published: May 2019

School nurses may find increased capacity to respond to student mental health needs by understanding and capitalizing on the innovative work behavior (IWB) of faculty and staff. The purpose of this study was to describe IWB related to student mental health among middle school faculty and staff as well as to determine the influence of selected individual characteristics, school characteristics, and behavioral health indicators on IWB related to student mental health. Multimethods of data collection were used including surveys, interviews, and publicly available school data. Data were described and relationships examined via correlational and multiple linear regression analysis and hierarchical linear modeling. The median IWB score was 41 (range 0–84) for faculty and staff participants. An increase in number of years worked in the K–12 environment was associated with less IWB related to student mental health. School nurses who explore IWB by faculty and staff may find opportunities to collaborate and improve student health outcomes.
Hospitalized After Medical Readiness for Discharge: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Initiative to Identify Discharge Barriers in General Medicine Patients
Authors: Meo Nicholas , Liao Joshua M. , Reddy Ashok
Published: May 2019

Reducing the length of hospitalization is a shared priority for patients, clinicians, and other health care stakeholders. However, patients can remain hospitalized after being “medically ready” for discharge, accumulating delayed discharge bed days (DDBDs). As part of a quality improvement initiative, the authors developed a method to measure DDBD and define discrete barriers to discharge identified by inpatient clinicians. Patients with delayed discharge had a higher rate of in-hospital complications compared to those who were discharged routinely. To identify modifiable barriers among patients with delayed discharges, 2 patient subgroups were defined: prolonged hospitalization (>19 DDBDs, top quintile accumulated) and extended hospitalization (≤19 DDBDs). Patients with prolonged hospitalization were more likely than those with extended hospitalization to have financial ( P < .001) or behavioral ( P < .001) barriers, homelessness ( P < .05), and impairment of decision-making capacity ( P < .01). Understanding the characteristics and discharge barriers of patients who are hospitalized despite medical readiness may increase appropriateness of inpatient resources.
Clinical Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty With Total Talar Prosthesis
Authors: Kanzaki Noriyuki , Chinzei Nobuaki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Yamashita Takahiro , Ibaraki Kazuyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: May 2019

Background:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has been developed to treat patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is often difficulty in treating complicated pathologies such as ankle OA with subtalar joint OA and severe talar collapse. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the short-term results and complications of TAA with total talar prosthesis, known as combined TAA, as the new techniques to treat such complicated pathology.

Methods:

We examined postoperative results including ankle range of motion, Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scale, and complications. There were 22 patients (15 women), with mean follow-up of 34.9 (range, 24–53 months), and the mean age was 72 (range, 62–80) years. The main indications for combined TAA included osteoarthritis (18 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (3 patients), and talar osteonecrosis with osteoarthritis (one patient).

Results:

The mean range of motion improved from 4.0 to 14.4 degrees in dorsiflexion and from 23.8 to 32.0 degrees in plantarflexion. The JSSF scale improved from 50.5 to 91.5 points. Prolonged wound healing occurred in 3 patients, and medial malleolus fracture occurred in 4 patients.

Conclusion:

Combined TAA was a reliable procedure for the treatment of not only ankle OA following avascular necrosis of talus but also of degeneration of both ankle and subtalar joints.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Burnout Among Forensic Interviewers, How They Cope, and What Agencies Can Do to Help
Authors: Fansher Ashley K. , Zedaker Sara B. , Brady Patrick Q.
Published: May 2019

The current study used quantitative and qualitative responses from 250 forensic interviewers (FIs) in the United States to examine predictors of burnout and personal coping mechanisms. Findings indicated that burnout was primarily driven by work-related factors including frequently feeling overwhelmed with job-related duties, inadequate organizational support, and direct exposure to graphic materials involving children. Moreover, having a higher degree of compassion satisfaction and being non-White significantly mitigated symptoms of burnout. Qualitative findings indicated that FIs regularly experienced varied and personalized feelings of burnout and utilized a variety of coping methods to combat their stressors. FIs in this study also made individual suggestions regarding how their respective agencies can assist in the coping process. Policy implications are discussed.
Writing, Haecceity, Data, and Maybe More
Authors: Charteris Jennifer , Crinall Sarah , Etheredge Linette , Honan Eileen , Koro-Ljungberg Mirka
Published: May 2019

Postqualitative research offers opportunities for playful praxis—reconfiguring ways of writing, sharing, engaging in the physicality of data generation, the vitality of data matter, and the enactment of experimental forms of writing. In this article, data multiplicity is generated through an authorless haecceity of experimentation with and through writing. Taking a line of flight from an initial data event at a research conference workshop, the process of diffracting and cutting together a data envelops the researchers in spacetimematterings of the workshop, skypes, and emails. We offer insights into the “thisness” of collaborative writing, data, and some potentialities of intensive relationalities between human and nonhuman matter, textuality, and scholarship. We propose that writing a haecceity could function as a postrepresentational process that foregrounds the production of data while drawing attention to the movements and middles, the floating time that creates collective insights and material tensions.
Information Sharing as a Dimension of Smartness: Understanding Benefits and Challenges in Two Megacities
Authors: Gil-Garcia J. Ramon , Pardo Theresa A. , De Tuya Manuel
Published: May 2019

Cities around the world are facing increasingly complex problems. These problems frequently require collaboration and information sharing across agency boundaries. In our view, information sharing can be seen as an important dimension of what is recently being called smartness in cities and enables the ability to improve decision making and day-to-day operations in urban settings. Unfortunately, what many city managers are learning is that there are important challenges to sharing information both within their city and with others. Based on nonemergency service integration initiatives in New York City and Mexico City, this article examines important benefits from and challenges to information sharing in the context of what the participants characterize as smart city initiatives, particularly in large metropolitan areas. The research question guiding this study is as follows: To what extent do previous findings about information sharing hold in the context of city initiatives, particularly in megacities? The results provide evidence on the importance of some specific characteristics of cities and megalopolises and how they affect benefits and challenges of information sharing. For instance, cities seem to have more managerial flexibility than other jurisdictions such as state governments. In addition, megalopolises have most of the necessary technical skills and financial resources needed for information sharing and, therefore, these challenges are not as relevant as in other local governments.
Drug Prescriptions for Children With ADHD in Japan: A Study Based on Health Insurance Claims Data Between 2005 and 2015
Authors: Yoshida Makiko , Obara Taku , Kikuchi Saya , Satoh Michihiro , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Ooba Nobuhiro , Yamaguchi Hiroaki , Mano Nariyasu
Published: May 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the trend of prescription drugs for children with ADHD in Japan. Method: Using health insurance claims data of 3,672,951 people between January 2005 and December 2015, we investigated the trend of prescription drugs for 7,856 children with ADHD. Results: After approval in 2007, the proportion of prescriptions for methylphenidate-osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system tablets was 31.4% in 2009 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.12, 3.51]) and reached a plateau approximately after 2009 (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI = [0.94, 0.98]). The proportion of prescriptions for atomoxetine increased from 6.1% in 2008 to 21.8% in 2014 (AOR = 1.12; 95% CI = [1.13, 1.18]). The proportion of prescriptions for aripiprazole and ramelteon increased (all trend p < .001). Conclusion: Prescriptions of drugs for children with ADHD have changed. We need to monitor the safety of ADHD medications among children with ADHD.
Reply to “A Replication Study of ‘Openness, Country Size, and Government Size’ (Journal of Public Economics 2009)”
Authors: Ram Rati
Published: May 2019

Andrew Musau is able to replicate almost exactly Ram’s estimates from Penn World Table 6.1. Like Ram, Musau is also unable to show a significant negative association between country size and openness and between country size and government size of the kind postulated by Alesina and Wacziarg. To shed further light on the issue, fixed-effects estimates of the three core regressions are obtained from the widely used World Bank data for 174 countries covering the period 1990–2015. The estimates show a highly significant positive association between openness and government size, further reinforcing Ram’s estimates and those from Musau’s 189-country Penn World Table 7.1 sample. While the new country size estimates in openness and government size regressions are negative, the latter lacks significance at any meaningful level. Therefore, the substantive conclusion remains the same as indicated by Ram; while the predominance of evidence supports Rodrik’s thesis of a positive association between openness and government size, statistically significant evidence is lacking to support the Alesina–Wacziarg proposition that the aforesaid positive association is due to a combination of the negative association between country size and openness and between country size and government size.
Hemodialysis vascular accesses in patients on chronic hemodialysis at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Kenya
Authors: Kabinga Samuel K , Kayima Joshua K , McLigeyo Seth O , Ndungu John N
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

The objective of our study was to document the level of preparedness for renal replacement therapy assessed by incident hemodialysis vascular access and the access at least 3 months after initiation of hemodialysis at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.

Methods:

Between June and July 2018, we carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study on the preparedness for hemodialysis by patients who were on chronic hemodialysis in the Kenyatta National Hospital Renal Department. Sociodemographic, medical history, duration of follow-up, and state of preparedness parameters were obtained through interview and entered into the questionnaire. The data were entered in preprogrammed format in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for analyses.

Results:

Eighty-two patients were enrolled. Males were 50% (41). The mean age was 45.39 ± 15.96 years but females were 5 years younger than their male counterparts. About 85.4% of the patients were drawn from the hypertension and diabetes clinics, and the mean, mode, and median of the duration of follow-up were 41, 0, and 0 months, respectively, in these clinics. Almost three in every four patients (74.4%) were initiated on hemodialysis as emergency (p value < 0.001). About 80% were initiated hemodialysis via acute catheters placed in the jugular and subclavian veins (p value < 0.001). At least 3 months later, 40% still had acute catheters on the same veins (p value < 0.001). Acute venous catheters in the femoral veins were in 9.2% at initiation and 6.6% of the patients at least 3 months later. Less than 2% of the patients had arteriovenous fistulae at initiation, which rose to 14.5% in 3 months. Tunneled catheters were placed in 11.8% initially and at least 3 months, were almost in 40% of the patients.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our young hemodialysis population mainly drawn from hypertension and diabetes clinic requires more input in hemodialysis vascular access planning. Focused individualized follow-up and early referrals to nephrologists are required. Uptake of arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis might reduce the prevalence of hemodialysis catheters. As it is, this population is threatened with iterative vascular accesses complications as well as real danger of exhaustion of their vascular capital. There is real danger of increase in mortality from access complications.
Overlapping Nostalgias: Negotiating Space and Labor in the (Post)Communist City of Bucharest
Authors: Stătică Iulia
Published: May 2019

This article explores infrastructural transformations within communist and postcommunist Bucharest, arguing that they constituted the foundation for divergent discourses of nostalgia. The themes of production and domesticity provide a spatial focus and a framework for the investigation of this phenomenon in relation to workers as an urban social group. In reference to (post)communist Bucharest, I go beyond the spatial and temporal ambiguity that seems to trigger nostalgia, and I suggest its concrete embodiment in the structure and praxes of the city. I propose that under the communist regime, the experience of nostalgia was a way of coming to terms with the abrupt break from precommunist material and symbolic conditions, while the theme of labor became a vehicle for the normalization of those changes. The understanding and praxes of labor in the new condition of the city became a vehicle for nostalgia, and constituted the main reference point in the appropriation of the new urban and symbolic structure.
Mutual dependency: Offshored labour and family organisation in post-socialist Romania
Authors: Miszczynski Milosz
Published: May 2019

By applying the social reproduction theory, this study proposes a critical conceptualization of the relations between the worker family and offshoring labour in transiting economies. The theoretical foundation of this article underscores that a thorough study of offshoring requires an examination not only of the workplace, worker and employment relations but also of the familial relations within the workers’ households. Based on interviews with workers and their family members, which I conducted in the host community of a consumer electronics facility in Romanian Transylvania, in this article I show how familial support helps to manage limitations that result from the precarious nature of offshoring labour and the transitional realities of the destination countries and how it ultimately serves as a means of achieving greater inter-generational emancipation. The study of familial relations in offshoring’s destination countries provides a better understanding of global labour relations and the way offshoring labour is reproduced in transiting countries. It also shows how the global capitalist system causes tensions with the processes of social reproduction in low-welfare economies, which usually host offshoring investments.