bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Slaughter of the Bison and Reversal of Fortunes on the Great Plains
Authors: Feir Donn L , Gillezeau Rob , Jones Maggie E C
Published: May 2023

In the late nineteenth century, the North American bison was brought to the brink of extinction in less than two decades. We demonstrate that the loss of the bison had immediate, negative consequences for the Native Americans who relied on them and ultimately resulted in a persistent reversal of fortunes. Once amongst the tallest people in the world, the generations of bison-reliant people born after the slaughter lost their entire height advantage. By the early twentieth century, child mortality was 16 percentage points higher and the probability of reporting an occupation 19 percentage points lower in bison nations compared with nations that were never reliant on the bison. Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century and into the present, income per capita has remained 25% lower, on average, for bison nations. This persistent gap cannot be explained by differences in agricultural productivity, self-governance, or application of the Dawes Act. We provide evidence that this historical shock altered the dynamic path of development for formerly bison-reliant nations. We demonstrate that limited access to credit constrained the ability of bison nations to adjust through re-specialization and migration.
Health Research Collaborations by Academic Entities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sbaity Eman , Zahwe Mariam , Helou Vanessa , Bahsoun Reem , Hassan Zeina , Abi Khalil Pamela , Akl Elie A.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To review the literature on health research collaborations by academic entities and to identify the main phases, components, and concepts of these research collaborations.

Method

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching 4 databases in March 2022 for studies on health research collaboration between an academic entity (individual, group, or institution) and any other entity included. They excluded non–health-related studies and studies in which collaboration was not for the purpose of research. From included studies, reviewers abstracted data about the 4 main phases of research collaborations (initiation, conduct, monitoring, and evaluation) and synthesized their corresponding components and concepts using thematic analysis method.

Results

A total of 59 studies met inclusion criteria. These studies described building research collaborations between an academic entity and other academic entities (n = 29; 49%), communities (n = 28; 47%), industry (n = 7; 12%), and/or governmental entities (n = 4; 7%). Of the 59 studies, 22 addressed 2 phases of collaboration, 20 addressed 3 phases, and 17 addressed all 4 phases. All included studies described at least 1 of the components relevant to the initiation phase and at least 1 relevant to the conduct phase. Team structure was the most common component discussed in relation to the initiation phase (n = 48; 81%), and team dynamics was the most common component discussed in relation to the conduct phase (n = 55; 93%). At least 1 of the components relevant to the monitoring phase was reported in 36 studies, and at least 1 component relevant to the evaluation phase was reported in 28 studies.

Conclusions

This review provides important information for groups aiming to engage in collaborative research. The synthesized list of collaboration phases and their components can serve as a road map for collaborators at different steps of their research.
Prediction of Progressive Collapse in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures Using Conventional Statistics and Machine Learning
Authors: Cho Sung Tan , Shin Dong-Eun , Kim Jin-Woo , Yoon Siyeoung , II Lee Hyun , Lee Soonchul
Published: May 2023

Study Design.

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.

The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors for the progression of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) following conservative treatment.

Summary of Background Data.

Few studies have evaluated factors associated with progressive collapse (PC) of OVFs. Furthermore, machine learning has not been applied in this context.

Materials and Methods.

The study involved the PC and non-PC groups based on a compression rate of 15%. Clinical data, fracture site, OVF shape, Cobb angle, and anterior wedge angle of the fractured vertebra were evaluated. The presence of intravertebral cleft and the type of bone marrow signal change were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors. In machine learning methods, decision tree and random forest models were used.

Results.

There were no significant differences in clinical data between the groups. The proportion of fracture shape (P<0.001) and bone marrow signal change (P=0.01) were significantly different between the groups. Moderate wedge shape was frequently observed in the non-PC group (31.7%), whereas the normative shape was most common in the PC group (54.7%). The Cobb angle and anterior wedge angle at diagnosis of OVFs were higher in the non-PC group (13.2±10.9, P=0.001; 14.3±6.6, P<0.001) than in the PC group (10.3±11.8, 10.4±5.5). The bone marrow signal change at the superior aspect of the vertebra was more frequently found in the PC group (42.5%) than in the non-PC group (34.9%). Machine learning revealed that vertebral shape at initial diagnosis was a main predictor of progressive vertebral collapse.

Conclusion.

The initial shape of the vertebra and bone edema pattern on magnetic resonance imaging appear to be useful prognostic factors for progressive collapse in osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
Racial and Health Insurance Differences in Patient Outcomes after Surgical Treatment for Cauda Equina syndrome
Authors: Corso Katherine , Joo Peter , Ruppenkamp Jill , Holy Chantal E. , Coplan Paul , Mesfin Addisu
Published: May 2023

Study Design.

Retrospective database evaluation

Objectives.

To study the association between race, healthcare insurance, mortality, postoperative visits, and reoperation within a hospital setting in patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES) undergoing surgical intervention.

Summary of Background Data.

CES can lead to permanent neurological deficits if diagnosis is missed or delayed. Evidence of racial or insurance disparities in CES is sparse.

Methods.

Patients with CES undergoing surgery from 2000-2021 were identified from the Premier Healthcare Database. Six-month postoperative visits and 12-month reoperations within the hospital were compared by race (i.e., White, Black or Other [Asian, Hispanic, or other]) and insurance (i.e., Commercial, Medicaid, Medicare, or Other) using Cox proportional hazard regressions; covariates were used in the regression models to control for confounding. Likelihood ratio tests were used to compare model fit.

Results.

Among 25,024 patients, most were White (76.3%), followed by Other race (15.4% [ 8.8% Asian, 7.3% Hispanic, and 83.9% other]) and Black (8.3%). Models with race and insurance combined provided the best fit for estimating risk of visits to any setting of care and reoperations. White Medicaid patients had the strongest association with higher risk of 6-month visits to any setting of care versus White patients with commercial insurance (HR: 1.36 (1.26,1.47)). Being Black with Medicare had a strong association with higher risk of 12-month reoperations versus White commercial patients (HR: 1.43 (1.10,1.85)). Having Medicaid versus Commercial insurance was strongly associated with higher risk of complication-related (HR: 1.36 (1.21, 1.52)) and ER visits (HR: 2.26 (2.02,2.51)). Medicaid had significantly higher risk of mortality compared to Commercial patients (HR: 3.19 (1.41,7.20)).

Conclusions.

Visits to any setting of care, complication-related, ER visits, reoperation, or mortality within the hospital setting after CES surgical treatment varied by race and insurance. Insurance type had a stronger association with the outcomes than race.

Level of Evidence.

III
Cardiac Metastatic Tumors
Authors: Kopcik Katarzyna , Kościelecka Klaudia , Krzyżak Katarzyna
Published: May 2023

Cardiac tumors are a heterogeneous group of pathologic masses of the heart that contain primary tumors—benign or malignant, and secondary tumors. Metastases are significantly more frequent, mostly originating from lung, breast, gastrointestinal tract, or ovary carcinomas. Secondary cardiac tumors may be asymptomatic or may cause cardiovascular, systemic, or embolic symptoms. The study is a summary of the available knowledge on cancerous metastatic lesions of the heart. Pleural mesothelioma (48.4%), adenocarcinoma (19.5%), or squamous cell carcinoma (18.2%) of lung, breast carcinoma (15.5%), ovarian carcinoma (10.3%), and bronchoalveolar carcinomas (9.8%) are cited as the most common origin of secondary heart tumors. Masses can spread by direct tumor invasion, by lymphatic vessels, veins, or arteries. Patients with cancer and nonspecific cardiovascular symptoms should be particularly vigilant, and the possibility of metastasis in an unusual location such as the myocardium should be considered in the diagnosis. Diagnostic methods include echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and histologic evaluation. Treatment of choice is managing primary carcinoma, due to the poor outcomes of surgical methods.
Staging System Performance and Clinical Outcomes for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ear: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Navarrete-Dechent Cristian , Mori Shoko , Connolly Karen , Shah Kalee , Dusza Stephen W. , Rossi Anthony M. , Lee Erica H. , Busam Klaus J. , Nehal Kishwer S.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the ear is associated with poor outcomes. No studies have evaluated current staging system performance in this specific location.

OBJECTIVE

Describe clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of ear cSCC and evaluate the performance of current staging systems.

METHODS

Retrospective study including cases diagnosed and treated at a cancer center from January 2000 to December 2014. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic data were collected from clinical records. Biopsy slides were rereviewed and patients were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) seventh, eighth, and Brigham Women's Hospital (BWH) staging.

RESULTS

Of 125 patients, the mean age at diagnosis was 71.9 years (SD 12.5), with most men (89.6%, n = 112). Median follow-up was 22.3 months. Local recurrence and survival risk factors were similar to cSCC outside the ear. The Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) estimates showed that the BWH system better predicted outcomes than the AJCC seventh, and the AJCC eighth, with AIC values of 189.9, 270.5, and 274.1, respectively. Limitations of the study include retrospective design, single center study, and no control group.

CONCLUSION

Current staging systems perform well at stratifying risk in ear cSCC.
Scoping Review of Hydrogel Therapies in the Treatment of Diabetic Chronic Wounds
Authors: Sharma Ayushi D. , Jarman Evan H. , Fox Paige M.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Chronic diabetic wounds are a significant issue that can be treated with topical hydrogel therapies. The aim of this study was to review the different compositions of hydrogel that have been developed and analyze their clinical relevance in the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review in which twelve articles were selected for review after applying relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria using a two-reviewer strategy. Data extracted from these studies was used to answer the following research question: What is the composition of hydrogels used to treat chronic diabetic wounds and how effective are they?

Results:

We analyzed five randomized controlled trials, two retrospective studies, three reviews, and two case reports. Hydrogel compositions discussed included mesenchymal stem cell sheets, carbomer, collagen, and alginate hydrogels, as well as hydrogels embedded with platelet-derived growth factor. Synthetic hydrogels, largely composed of carbomers, were found to have high levels of evidence supporting their wound healing properties, though few articles described their routine use in a clinical setting. Collagen hydrogels dominate the present-day hydrogel market in the clinical treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. The augmentation of hydrogels with therapeutic biomaterials is a new field of hydrogel research, with studies demonstrating promising early in vitro and in vivo animal studies demonstrating promising early results for in vitro and in vivo animal investigations.

Conclusions:

Current research supports hydrogels as a promising topical therapy in the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. Augmenting Food & Drug Administration-approved hydrogels with therapeutic substances remains an interesting early area of investigation.
Level of Eye Care Among Eye Care Providers Themselves
Authors: Sherry Emily G. , Lewis Kathryn E. , Azeez Leen S. , Mojica Daniel , Kheirkhah Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

To assess the prevalence of eye disease and frequency of eye examinations among eye care providers themselves.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous questionnaire was used to evaluate occurrence of eye disease and frequency of eye examinations among eye care providers including the clinicians (ophthalmologists, ophthalmology residents, and optometrists) as well as the support staff (ophthalmic technicians and eye clinic administrative staff).

Results:

The survey response rate was 98 of 173 (56.6%) including 50 ophthalmic technicians, 27 ophthalmologists, 7 ophthalmology residents, 6 optometrists, and 8 eye clinic administrative staff members. The most common reported ocular condition was dry eye disease (36.7%). Myopia and hyperopia were present in 60 (61.2%) and 13 (13.3%), respectively. Myopia was significantly more prevalent among the clinicians (75.0%) than in the support staff (51.7%, P=0.02). The most recent eye examination was within the past year in 42 (42.9%), 1 to 2 years in 28 (28.6%), 3 to 5 years in 14 (14.3%), and over 5 years in 10 (10.2%). Four (4.1%) had never had an eye examination before. The number of eye examinations received was significantly higher in the support staff compared with the clinicians for the past one year (0.86±0.74 vs 0.43±0.59, respectively, P=0.003) and the past five years (2.81±2.08 vs 1.75±1.78, respectively, P=0.01).

Conclusions:

Dry eye disease and myopia are common among eye care providers. A significant portion of eye care providers do not have regular eye examinations for themselves.
A 5-Year Review of Coinfections in Acanthamoeba keratitis From South India
Authors: Rammohan Ram , Baidwal Shaffie , Venkatapathy Narendran , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob , Raghavan Anita
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

To ascertain the frequency of coinfections in Acanthamoeba keratitis, the nature of copathogens involved, and to analyze the implications in the context of current research on amoebic interactions.

Methods:

A retrospective case review from a Tertiary Care Eye Hospital in South India. Smear and culture data for coinfections in Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers were collected from records over a 5-year period. The significance and relevance of our findings in the light of current research on Acanthamoeba interactions were analyzed.

Results:

Eighty-five cases of culture-positive Acanthamoeba keratitis were identified over a 5-year period (43 of them being coinfections). Fusarium was most commonly identified species, followed by Aspergillus and the dematiaceous fungi. Pseudomonas spp was the commonest bacterial isolate.

Conclusion:

Coinfections with Acanthamoeba are common at our centre, and account for 50% of Acanthamoeba keratitis. The diverse nature of the organisms involved in coinfections suggest that such amoebic interactions with other organisms are probably more widespread than recognized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation from a long-term study of pathogen diversity in Acanthamoeba coinfections. It is possible that Acanthamoeba itself may be virulence enhanced and secondary to the co-organism, breaching the ocular surface defenses in an already compromised cornea. However, observations from the existing literature on Acanthamoeba interactions with bacteria and certain fungi are based mainly on nonocular or nonclinical isolates. It would be illuminating if such studies are performed on Acanthamoeba and coinfectors from corneal ulcers—to ascertain whether interactions are endosymbiotic or virulence enhanced through amoebic passage.
Recommendations for terminology and the identification of neuropathic pain in people with spine-related leg pain. Outcomes from the NeuPSIG working group
Authors: Schmid Annina B. , Tampin Brigitte , Baron Ralf , Finnerup Nanna B. , Hansson Per , Hietaharju Aki , Konstantinou Kika , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Markman John , Price Christine , Smith Blair H. , Slater Helen
Published: May 2023

Pain radiating from the spine into the leg is commonly referred to as “sciatica,” “Sciatica” may include various conditions such as radicular pain or painful radiculopathy. It may be associated with significant consequences for the person living with the condition, imposing a reduced quality of life and substantial direct and indirect costs. The main challenges associated with a diagnosis of “sciatica” include those related to the inconsistent use of terminology for the diagnostic labels and the identification of neuropathic pain. These challenges hinder collective clinical and scientific understanding regarding these conditions. In this position paper, we describe the outcome of a working group commissioned by the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG) of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) which was tasked with the following objectives: (1) to revise the use of terminology for classifying spine-related leg pain and (2) to propose a way forward on the identification of neuropathic pain in the context of spine-related leg pain. The panel recommended discouraging the term “sciatica” for use in clinical practice and research without further specification of what it entails. The term “spine-related leg pain” is proposed as an umbrella term to include the case definitions of somatic referred pain and radicular pain with and without radiculopathy. The panel proposed an adaptation of the neuropathic pain grading system in the context of spine-related leg pain to facilitate the identification of neuropathic pain and initiation of specific management in this patient population.
How to make the electronic health record your friend
Authors: Lee Jennifer , Patel Shama , Taxter Alysha
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review

The electronic health record (EHR) has become ubiquitous among healthcare providers. It has revolutionized how we care for patients allowing for instant access to records, improved order entry, and improved patient outcomes. However, it has also been implicated as a source of stress, burnout, and workplace dissatisfaction among its users. The article provides an overview of factors associated with burnout focusing on the pediatrician and pediatric subspecialist workflows and will summarize practical tips based on clinical informatics principles for addressing these factors.

Recent findings

Several metrics related to EHR including training, efficiency and lack of usability have been cited as factors associated with burnout. Organizational, personal, and interpersonal factors as well as work culture are more associated with burnout than EHR use.

Organizational strategies to address burnout include first monitoring metrics including physician satisfaction and wellbeing, incorporating mindfulness and teamwork, and decreasing stress from the EHR by providing training, standardized workflows, and efficiency tools. All clinicians should feel empowered to customize workflows and seek organizational help for improving EHR use.
Title page.docx
Authors: Khamanarong Kimaporn , Amnatbuddee Siriruthai , Sae-Jung Surachai , Mahiphot Jarupon , Chaisiwamongkol Kowit
Published: May 2023

  

Key Findings: The aortic bifurcation can be predetermined using the prediction model. The left common iliac artery (LCIA) was longer, more vertical, and closer to the lumbar spine than the right common iliac artery (RCIA). The formula of the diameter of the aorta, RCIA and LCIA is file:///C:/Users/ortho/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png (D, diameter; a, aorta; r, RCIA; l, LCIA). The formula for the angle of aortic bifurcation is file:///C:/Users/ortho/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png. Surgeons can use these formulas to predict and solve the problem when dealing with these arteries.
Patient Safety Education in the Undergraduate Dental Curriculum: Evidence Base and Current Practice in UK Dental Schools
Authors: Dargue Anna , French Kathryn , Fyfe Eithne
Published: May 2023

Objectives

International consensus advises patient safety education (PSE) for dental undergraduates. A previous systematic review found no articles describing PSE in dentistry. This article aimed to review the evidence base for, and the current practice of, PSE in UK dental schools.

Methods

Literature search and surveys were sent via email to all 16 UK dental schools.

Results

Six articles describing PSE interventions were found: 2 small-scale studies for dental students and 4 interprofessional studies. Patient safety education is effective for undergraduate dental students with significant improvement in knowledge and interest. Interprofessional studies reported improved teamwork skills and more positive attitudes toward interprofessional working.

The 2018 and 2021 surveys had response rates of 56% and 100%, respectively. An increase in integrated formal PSE and assessment in UK dental schools is demonstrated. No barriers to implementation were reported. Forty-six percent of schools deliver interprofessional PSE, 38% deliver human factors, 81% teach communication, 94% teach professionalism, and 31% of schools have a patient safety (PS) champion.

Conclusions

Limited published literature on PSE in dentistry is available. However, the lack of published articles does not mean that PS is not being taught, as many UK dental schools were found to have formal PSE integrated and assessed within their curriculum. Further development is needed in terms of appointing PS champions for leadership and human factors training. Patient safety must form a part of an undergraduate student’s core values.
Association of Housing Status with Types of Operations and Post-Operative Healthcare Utilization
Authors: Decker Hannah C. , Kanzaria Hemal K. , Evans Jennifer , Pierce Logan , Wick Elizabeth C.
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To analyze the association between housing status and the nature of surgical care provided, healthcare utilization, and operational outcomes.

Background:

Unhoused patients have worse outcomes and higher healthcare utilization across multiple clinical domains. However, little has been published describing the burden of surgical disease in unhoused patients.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 111,267 operations from 2013-2022 with housing status documented at a single, tertiary care institution. We conducted unadjusted bivariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:

998 operations (0.8%) were performed for unhoused patients, with a higher proportion of emergent operations than housed patients (56% vs. 22%). In unadjusted analysis, unhoused patients had longer length of stay (18.7 d vs. 8.7 d), higher readmissions (9.5% vs. 7.5%), higher in-hospital (2.9% vs. 1.8%) and one-year mortality (10.1% vs. 8.2%), more in-hospital re-operations (34.6% vs. 15.9%), and higher utilization of social work, physical therapy, and occupational therapy services. After adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, insurance status, and indication for operation, as well as stratifying by emergent versus elective operation, these differences went away for emergent operations.

Conclusions:

In this retrospective cohort analysis, unhoused patients more commonly underwent emergent operations than their housed counterparts and had more complex hospitalizations on an unadjusted basis that largely disappeared after adjustment for patient and operative characteristics. These findings suggest issues with upstream access to surgical care that, when unaddressed, may predispose this vulnerable population to more complex hospitalizations and worse longer-term outcomes.
A conserved uORF in the ilvBNC mRNA of Corynebacterium species regulates ilv operon expression
Authors: Narunsky Aya , Kavita Kumari , Panchapakesan Shanker S. S. , Fris Megan E. , Breaker Ronald R.
Published: May 2023

Computational methods can be used to identify putative structured noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in bacteria, which can then be validated using various biochemical and genetic approaches. In a search for ncRNAs in

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

, we observed a conserved region called the ilvB-II motif located upstream of the ilvB gene that is also present in other members of this genus. This gene codes for an enzyme involved in the production of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). The ilvB gene in some bacteria is regulated by members of a ppGpp-sensing riboswitch class, but previous and current data suggest that the ilvB-II motif regulates expression by a transcription attenuation mechanism involving protein translation from an upstream open reading frame (uORF or leader peptide). All representatives of this RNA motif carry a start codon positioned in-frame with a nearby stop codon, and the peptides resulting from translation of this uORF are enriched for BCAAs, suggesting that expression of the ilvB gene in the host cells is controlled by attenuation. Furthermore, recently discovered RNA motifs also associated with ilvB genes in other bacterial species appear to carry distinct uORFs, suggesting that transcription attenuation by uORF translation is a common mechanism for regulating ilvB genes.
Management of Moderate-to-highly Exuding Leg Ulcers with Superabsorbent Wound Dressings versus Foams Dressings in Spanish Settings: An Early-stage Cost-effectiveness and Budget-impact Analyses
Authors: Veličković Vladica , Torra i Bou Joan-Enric , Cegri Francisco , Llatas Federico Palomar
Published: May 2023

This study endeavors to ascertain the cost-effectiveness and utility of employing SAPs in comparison to foam dressings for the management of moderate-to-highly exuding leg ulcers within Spanish healthcare contexts. Furthermore, it aims to conduct an associated budget-impact analysis for the Spanish National Health Service, thereby considering the financial implications relevant to the implementation of these interventions.

The economic evaluation and budget impact model adhered to Spanish and international guidelines. with reporting quality of economic evaluation assessed using the CHEERS checklist and the Drummond checklist for ensuring adequate conduct. The evidence synthesis process involved identifying and appraising the most recent and highest level of evidence research. The identified data inputs were adjusted in accordance with recommended practices for research quality and incorporated into a mathematical model that accounted for the natural history of chronic leg ulcers.

Based on the results of this preliminary health economic analysis, utilizing SAP wound dressings instead of foam dressings in patients with moderate-to-highly exuding leg ulcers within the Spanish Health Care System is projected to yield favorable outcomes. The analysis predicts an enhanced healing rate of 2.33%, an incremental improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by 0.129 quality-adjusted life weeks (QALWs), and a total direct cost reduction of €570 per patient over a six-month period. Extrapolating these findings to a scenario where all leg ulcers are treated with SAPs rather than foam dressings, the Spanish NHS could potentially achieve an annual cost savings of €43.46 million.

These clinical outcomes align with current treatment guidelines that advocate for superabsorbent wound dressings as the primary choice for managing moderate-to-highly exuding leg ulcers.
Isolation and nitrogen removal characteristics of a novel aerobic denitrifying strainAchromobacter xylosoxidansGR7397
Authors: Gu Ailu , Li Yunlong , Yao Wei , Zhang Anqi , Chai Zimin , Zheng Maosheng
Published: May 2023

Aerobic denitrifying bacteria have the potential for engineering applications due to the efficient nitrate removal capacity from wastewater. In this study, a novel aerobic denitrifying strain was isolated and identified asAchromobacter xylosoxidansGR7397 from the activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant, which possessed efficient nitrate removal capacity. Moreover, the denitrification capacity and properties of the strain were investigated in the presence of nitrate as the only nitrogen source. Five denitrification reductases encoding genes were harbored by strain GR7397 determined by electrophoretic analysis of PCR amplification products, consisting of periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP), nitrate reductase (NAR), nitrite reductase (NIR), nitrous oxide reductase (NOS), and nitric oxide reductase (NOR), demonstrating that the strain has a complete denitrification metabolic pathway. The optimum denitrifying condition of strain GR7397 included sodium acetate adopted as the electron donor, COD/TN ratio at 4, pH at 8, temperature at 30°C, under which condition, the nitrate removal rate reached 14.86 mg · L-1· h-1that theconcentration decreased from 93.90 mg/L to 4.73 mg/L within 6 h with no accumulation of nitrite. In addition, the bioaugmentation performance of strain GR7397 to enhance nitrate removal was evaluated to be effective and stabilized in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The removal rate ofwas the highest during each cycle with a range of 15.48-28.56 mg·L-1·h-1in the SBR with inoculating 30% of the strain concentrate. The current research demonstrated that strain GR7397 has significant potential for application in enhancing nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.
Mapping fatigue and its influences on rehabilitation among people with recently acquired spinal cord injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Materazzi Francesco Giuseppe , Paglierani Paola , Simoncini Laura , Baroncini Ilaria , Serafino Francesca
Published: May 2023

Background

Fatigue is a symptom described as a subjective feeling of tiredness, lack of energy and motivation, exhaustion, difficulty in concentrating. Fatigue is a frequent complication among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and negatively impacts rehabilitative treatment sessions. A multitude of factors contribute to the complexity of fatigue experienced in people with acute and subacute SCI including physical, emotional and cognitive components. Understanding fatigue and fatigability mechanisms may have implications in optimizing perceived exertion during rehabilitation treatment for promoting better functional recovery after SCI. Despite the relevance of this topic, no study has been conducted to map the role of fatigue in acute and subacute SCI. Therefore, the aims of the present scoping review are: to map the currently available evidence describing how fatigue is defined and conceptualized and how to influence the rehabilitation in acute and subacute patients with spinal cord injury. In addition, an overview of the most used assessment tools will be provided.

Inclusion criteria

Studies considering people with recently acquired SCI (up to 1 year from the date of the event) and looking at any aspect of fatigue will be eligible for inclusion. Any rehabilitation treatment sessions reported by each study and any context will be considered.

Methods

This scoping review will be performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, CINAHL Complete and PEDro databases will be searched from inception to April 2023. Additional studies will be identified through searching in gray literature and the reference lists of relevant articles. No study design, time, geographical, setting restrictions will be applied. We will include only studies published in English.

Conclusions

This will be the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of all studies dealing with any aspect of fatigue in people with recently acquired spinal cord injury. The results will add meaningful information for clinicians about the management of this symptom and its influences on rehabilitation and for researchers to direct future research. Moreover, an overview of the most used assessment tools to investigate fatigue in SCI will be provided.
Projectome-defined subtypes and modular intra-hypothalamic subnetworks of peptidergic neurons
Authors: Jiao Zhuolei , Gao Taosha , Wang Xiaofei , Zhang Wen , Biglari Nasim , Boxer Emma E , Steuernagel Lukas , Ding Xiaojing , Yu Zixian , Li Mingjuan , Hao Mingkun , Zhou Hua , Cao Xuanzi , Li Shuaishuai , Jiang Tao , Qi Jiamei , Jia Xueyan , Feng Zhao , Ren Biyu , Chen Yu , Shi Xiaoxue , Wang Dan , Wang Xinran , Han Luyao , Liang Yikai , Wang Congcong , Li E , Hu Yue , Tao Zi , Li Humingzhu , Yu Xiang , Xu Min , Chang Hung-Chun , Zhang Yifeng , Xu Huatai , Yan Jun , Li Anan , Luo Qingming , Stoop Ron , Sternson Scott M. , Brüning Jens C. , Anderson David J. , Poo Mu-ming , Gong Hui , Sun Yangang , Xu Xiaohong
Published: May 2023

The hypothalamus plays a vital role in coordinating essential neuroendocrine, autonomic, and somatomotor responses for survival and reproduction. While previous studies have explored population-level projections of hypothalamic neurons, the specific innervation patterns of individual hypothalamic axons remain unclear. To understand the organization of hypothalamic axon projections, we conducted a comprehensive reconstruction of single-cell projectomes from 7,180 mouse hypothalamic neurons expressing specific neuropeptides. Our analysis identified 31 distinct subtypes based on projectome-defined characteristics, with many exhibiting long-range axon collateral projections to multiple brain regions. Notably, these subtypes selectively targeted specific subdomains within downstream areas, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Furthermore, we observed that individual peptidergic neuronal types encompassed multiple projectome-defined subtypes, explaining their diverse functional roles. Additionally, by examining intra-hypothalamic axon projections, we uncovered six modular subnetworks characterized by enriched intramodular connections and distinct preferences for downstream targets. This modular organization of the intra-hypothalamic network likely contributes to the coordinated organization of hypothalamic outputs. In summary, our comprehensive projectome analysis reveals the organizational principles governing hypothalamic axon projections, providing a framework for understanding the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the diverse and coordinated functions of the hypothalamus.
The distinct translational landscapes of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Bryant Owain J. , Lastovka Filip , Powell Jessica , Chung Betty Y-W
Published: May 2023

Translational control in pathogenic bacteria is fundamental to gene expression and affects virulence and other infection phenotypes. We used an enhanced ribosome profiling protocol coupled with parallel transcriptomics to capture accurately the global translatome of two evolutionarily distant pathogenic bacteria – the Gram-negative bacteriumSalmonellaand the Gram positive bacteriumListeriaWe find that the two bacteria use different mechanisms to translationally regulate protein synthesis. InSalmonella,in addition to the expected correlation between translational efficiency andcis-regulatory features such as Shine-Dalgarno (SD) strength and RNA secondary structure around the initiation codon, our data reveal an effect of the 2ndand 3rdcodons, where the presence of tandem lysine codons (AAA-AAA) enhances translation in bothSalmonellaandE. coli. Strikingly, none of these features are seen in efficiently translatedListeriatranscripts. Instead, approximately 15% of efficiently translatedListeriagenes exhibit 70S footprints seven nt upstream of the authentic start codon, suggesting that these genes may be subject to a novel translational initiation mechanism. Our results show that SD strength is not a direct hallmark of translational efficiency in all bacteria. Instead,Listeriahas evolved additional mechanisms to control gene expression level that are distinct from those utilised bySalmonellaandE. coli.

‘For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising ’
The influence of religiosity on cryptocurrency users' acceptance using search engines
Authors: Mnif Emna , Zghidi Nahed , Jarboui Anis
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The potential growth in cryptocurrencies has raised serious ethical and religious issues leading to a new investment rethinking. This paper aims to identify the influence of religiosity on cryptocurrency acceptance through an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) model.

Design/methodology/approach

In the first phase, this research develops a conceptual model that extends the theory of the TAM by integrating the religiosity component. In the second phase, the proposed model is tested using search volume queries in daily frequencies from 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2022 and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The empirical results demonstrate a significant positive effect of religiosity on the intention to use cryptocurrency, the users' perceived usefulness (PU) and ease of use (PEOU). Besides, the authors note that PEOU positively influences the intention. Furthermore, religiosity indirectly affects the intention through the PEOU and positively impacts the intention through the PU. In the same way, PEOU has a considerable indirect effect on the intention through PU.

Practical implications

This study has practical and theoretical contributions by providing insights into the cryptocurrency acceptance factors. In other words, it contributes to the literature by extending TAM models. Practically, it helps managers determine factors affecting the intention to use cryptocurrencies. Therefore, they can adjust their industry according to the suitable characteristics for creating successful projects.

Social implications

Identifying the effect of religiosity on cryptocurrency users' choices and decisions has a social added value as it provides an understanding of the evolution of psychological variants.

Originality/value

The findings emphasize the importance of integrating big data to analyze users' attitudes. Besides, most studies on cryptocurrency acceptance are investigated based on one kind of religion, such as Christianity or Islam. Nevertheless, this paper integrates the effect of five types of faith on the users' intentions.
The influence of Covid-19 on consumer behaviour: a bibliometric review analysis and text mining
Authors: Bashar Abu , Nyagadza Brighton , Ligaraba Neo , Maziriri Eugine Tafadzwa
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper is a bibliometric analysis of articles published on the influence of Covid-19 on consumer behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Biblioshiny and VOSviewer applications are employed for the bibliometric analysis and visualisation, respectively.

Findings

The most influential documents, authors, affiliations, countries and journals are presented. Citation, Co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analysis is conducted and presented in the form of a clustered network diagram.

Practical implications

This paper found three main themes of the research in consumer behaviour amid Covid-19 a) Food purchasing decisions and food wastage, b) Adoption of technology and c) Intrinsic and extrinsic influence on consumer behaviour.

Social implications

The Covid-19 pandemic has shaken the world’s economy and left behind its adverse effect on almost every walk of life. Consumer behaviour is no exception, studies have reported paradigm shifts in the way consumers are reacting to marketing stimuli, making purchase and consumption decisions. For the marketers to sustain profitability, they need to understand the changing behaviour and tailor their offerings accordingly.

Originality/value

The article offers the emerging theme and sub-themes in the consumer behaviour research that leads to future expansion of this research domain.
Tramadol regulation, illegal markets and consumption practices: exploring frictions of drug control in Nigeria
Authors: Nelson Ediomo-Ubong , Odeigah Ogochukwu Winifred , Dumbili Emeka W.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the complex interplay between illicit opioids trade and consumption practices and state policies that aim to reduce their misuse.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted an exploratory design. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 31 commercially oriented drug dealers in Uyo, Nigeria. The framework approach was used in data analyses, while “friction” provided the interpretive lens.

Findings

Accounts revealed public concerns over the misuse of tramadol and other opioids among young people and the associated health and social harms. These concerns provided support for enforcement-based approaches to prescription opioids control, including police raids on pharmacy stores. These measures did not curtail opioids supply and consumption. Instead, they constrained access to essential medicines for pain management, encouraged illegal markets and fuelled law enforcement corruption in the form of police complicity in illegal tramadol trade.

Research limitations/implications

The findings reveal the frictions of drug control in Nigeria, wherein enforcement-based approaches gained traction through public concerns about opioids misuse but also faced resistance due to the persistence of non-medical use and illegal supply channels made possible by law enforcement complicity. These indicate a need to prioritize approaches that seek to reduce illegal supply and misuse of opioids while ensuring availability of these medications for health-care needs.

Originality/value

The study is unique in its focus on the creative tension that exists between state control measures and local opioids supply and consumption practices.
Optimization of production schedules of multi-plants for dispatching ready-mix concrete trucks by integrating grey wolf optimizer and dragonfly algorithm
Authors: Pham Vu Hong Son , Trang Nguyen Thi Nha , Dat Chau Quang
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to provide an efficient dispatching schedule for ready-mix concrete (RMC) trucks and create a balance between batch plants and construction sites.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper focused on developing a new metaheuristic swarm intelligence algorithm using Java code. The paper used statistical criterion: mean, standard deviation, running time to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method and compared its derivatives with other algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA), Tabu search (TS), bee colony optimization (BCO), ant lion optimizer (ALO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), dragonfly algorithm (DA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO).

Findings

The paper proved that integrating GWO and DA yields better results than independent algorithms and some selected algorithms in the literature. It also suggests that multi-independent batch plants could effectively cooperate in a system to deliver RMC to various construction sites.

Originality/value

The paper provides a compelling new hybrid swarm intelligence algorithm and a model allowing multi-independent batch plants to work in a system to deliver RMC. It fulfills an identified need to study how batch plant managers can expand their dispatching network, increase their competitiveness and improve their supply chain operations.
Discuss to learn: a student-focused learning strategy
Authors: Fandos-Herrera Carmina , Herrando Carolina , Jiménez Martínez Julio , Pina José Miguel
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Traditional teaching strategies are making way for a more collaborative learning style, where students play active roles in their learning process. This work focuses on the discussant role activity in the market research subject in a business administration bachelor's degree as a way of empowering students' role. The discussant activity fosters critical thinking and debate between classmates while also encouraging communication and relational skills.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on expectation-disconfirmation theory, this study analysed students' expectations and perceptions before and after the discussant activity. Data were collected through two surveys carried out in class at the beginning and at the end of the course.

Findings

The empirical findings show that interactions in the classroom during the activity contribute to students' final evaluation of the activity and positively affect cross-curricular and subjective learning performance.

Originality/value

Activities that recreate real-life experiences help students in the acquisition of certain key competencies related to their future inclusion in the labour market.
Disaster and risk management in outdoor recreation and tourism in the context of climate change
Authors: Hsu Jane Lu , Sharma Pankaj
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The increasing frequency and intensity of the extreme weather events could cause devastating consequences in tourism. Climate change–related extreme weather events and their relation to tourism is an emerging field for education and research. The purpose of this study is to categorize the impact of climate change on tourist destinations with regard to extreme weather-related risks in outdoor recreation and tourism. Managerial implications for policymakers and stakeholders are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

To outline the risks from climate change associated with tourism, this study uses the Prisma analysis for identification, screening, checking for eligibility and finding relevant literature for further categorization.

Findings

Based on a thoroughly examination of relevant literature, risks and threats posed by climate change could be categorized into following four areas: reduced experiential value in outdoor winter recreation; reduced value in beach scenery and comfort; land degradation and reduced biodiversity; and reduced value in personal safety and comfort in tourism. It also focuses on the significance of using big data applications in catastrophic disaster management and risk reduction. Recommendations with technology and data analytics to continuously improve the disaster management process in tourism education are provided based on findings of this study.

Originality/value

Primary contributions of this study include the following: providing a summarized overview of the risks associated with climate change in terms of tourist experiential value for educational implications; and revealing the role of data analytics in disaster management in the context of tourism and climate change for tourism education.