bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivations, Concerns, and Experiences of Women Who Donate Normal Breast Tissue
Authors: Doherty Eileen F. , MacGeorge Erina L. , Gillig Traci , Clare Susan E.
Published: October 2014

Background: The Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB) was established in 2007 with funding from Susan G. Komen for the Cure to provide scientists with a resource for normal breast tissue. To date, nearly 3,500 women have donated their healthy breast tissue to the bank, but little is known about their perspectives. This study was designed to examine their motivations, concerns, and experiences.

Methods: We conducted brief interviews with donors (n = 221) to investigate their donation-related motivations, concerns, and experiences. Donor responses were coded and quantitatively analyzed (descriptive statistics and χ2).

Results: The most frequent motivation to donate (48% of donors) was personal connection to a breast cancer patient/survivor. A majority of donors (60%) were unconcerned about donation before the event; reported concerns included pain, fear, and dislike of surgical procedures. The most frequent positive experiences were minimal pain and positive behavior by KTB staff and volunteers. A majority of donors (61%) reported no negative experience, but reported negative experiences included the biopsy machine and anesthetic. Younger donors (ages 18–24) reported more concerns and negative experiences than older donors (25+).

Conclusions: Donors of healthy breast tissue are motivated by survivor connections and the ability to help by donating. Their concerns and experiences are relatively positive and consistent with undergoing a minor surgical procedure. Younger donors have more concerns and negative experiences.

Impact: Findings from this study can inform recruitment campaigns and donation procedures for banking of healthy tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 105–10. ©2014 AACR.
Pro-thrombotic effect of exercise in a polluted environment: a P-selectin- and CD63-related platelet activation effect
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Fatemeh , Bladt Sandrine , Beukinga Ingrid , Wijns Walter , Borne Philippe van de , Pradier Olivier , Argacha Jean-François , Wauters Aurélien
Published: October 2014

Exposure to diesel exhaust is an important cardiovascular risk factor and may promote atherothrombotic events. Some data suggest that polluted air exposure could affect haemostasis through platelet activation. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute exposure to diesel exhaust on platelet activation and platelet function. We tested the hypothesis in a randomised, crossover study in 25 healthy men exposed to ambient and polluted air; 11 of the subjects also performed exercise during exposure sessions. Platelet activation was evaluated by surface expression of CD62P (P-selectin) and CD63 (dense granule glycoprotein) using flow cytometry of labelled platelets. Platelet function was measured using the PFA-100 platelet function analyser and by Multiplate whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry. Acute diesel exhaust exposure had no effect on platelet activation at rest, but exercise in polluted air increased the collagen- induced expression of CD62P and CD63 (both p< 0.05). The increase in the expression of CD62P and CD63 was related to the total amount of PM2.5 inhaled during the exercise sessions (r=+0.58 and +0.60, respectively, both p< 0.05). Platelet aggregation was not impaired after polluted air exposure at rest or during exercise. In conclusion, in healthy subjects, diesel exhaust exposure induces platelet activation as illustrated by a dose-response increase in the release of CD62P and CD63. This platelet priming effect could be a contributor to the triggering of atherothrombotic events related to air pollution exposure.
Differential cellular effects of old and new oral anticoagulants: consequences to the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis
Authors: Spronk Henri , Schurgers Leon
Published: October 2014

The main purpose of anticoagulants is to diminish fibrin formation, thereby decreasing the risk of venous or arterial thrombosis. Vitamin K antagonist have been used for many decades in order to achieve reduced thrombotic risk, despite major drawbacks of this class of drugs such as cumbersome dossing and monitoring of anticoagulant status. To overcome these drawbacks of VKA, new classes of anticoagulants have been developed including oral anticoagulants for direct inhibition of either thrombin or factor Xa, which can be administrated in a fixed dose without monitoring. Coagulation factors can activate cellular protease-activated receptors, thereby inducing cellular processes as inflammation, apoptosis, migration, and fibrosis. Therefore, inhibition of coagulation proteases not only attenuates fibrin formation, but may also influence pathophysiological processes like vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. Animal models revealed that VKA therapy induced both intima and media calcification and accelerated plaque vulnerability, whereas specific and direct inhibition of thrombin or factor Xa attenuated atherosclerosis. In this review we provide an overview of old and new oral anticoagulants, as well discuss potential pleiotropic effects with regard to calcification and atherosclerosis. Although translation from animal model to clinical patients seems difficult at first sight, effort should be made to fully understand the clinical implications of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy on vascular side effects.
Genetic analysis should be included in clinical practice when screening for antithrombin deficiency
Authors: Li Yi-Qing , Guo Tao , Wang Qing-Yun , Liu Hui , Wu Ying-Ying , Cheng Zhi-Peng , Hu Bei , Lu Xuan , Yu Jian-Ming , Deng Jun , Wang Hua-Fang , Sun Chun-Yan , Yang Yan , Zeng Wei , Tang Liang , Jian Xiao-Rong , Hu Yu
Published: October 2014

Antithrombin (AT) deficiency increases the risk of thrombosis. Current evidence shows that some SERPINC1 mutations responsible for antithrombin deficiency often present a slightly decreased or normal activity and therefore could not be detected by functional tests. This study was designed to compare activity assays and direct genetic analyses in identifying hereditary antithrombin deficiency. In total, 400 consecutive patients with venous thrombosis were enrolled. Functional assays showed that 16 of the 400 individuals had decreased antithrombin activity, and 14 of them were confirmed by genetic analysis. Of the remaining 384 patients, 95 individuals without a known risk factor and 95 individuals with predisposing factors were also selected for gene sequencing. Eight additional causative mutations were identified in nine individuals and they should also be considered as antithrombin deficiency. In addition, a recurrent mutation, p.Arg356_Phe361del, was characterised. The mutant appeared to have a partially impaired secretion and a reduction in functional activity by 50 %. This study indicated that including genetic analysis in screening tests for identifying antithrombin deficiency was essential. Specifically, a genetic analysis of SERPINC1 is strongly recommended when individuals experience unprovoked thrombotic diseases, even if the AT activities are normal.
The adipokine apelin-13 induces expression of prothrombotic tissue factor
Authors: Ziviello Francesca , Pellegrino Grazia , Conte Stefano , Cimmino Giovanni , Giaquinto Alessandro , Pacifico Francesco , Leonardi Antonio , Golino Paolo , Trimarco Bruno , Cirillo Plinio
Published: October 2014

Adipocytes are cells able to produce and secrete several active substances (adipokines) with direct effects on vascular cells. Apelin, one of the most recently identified adipokines has been studied in cardiovascular system physiology in regard to vessel vasodilation and myocardial contraction, but it has not yet completely characterised for its pathophysiological role in cardiovascular disease and especially in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Several studies have indicated that tissue factor (TF) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ACS by triggering the formation of intracoronary thrombi following endothelial injury. This study investigates the effects of apelin 12 and apelin 13 on TF in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and monocytes. Cells were stimulated with increasing concentrations of apelin 12 or apelin 13 and then processed to evaluate TF-mRNA levels by real-time PCR as well as TF expression/activity by FACS analysis and pro-coagulant activity. Finally, a potential molecular pathway involved in modulating this phenomenon was investigated. We demonstrate that apelin 13 but not apelin 12 induces transcription of mRNA for TF. In addition, we show that this adipokine promotes surface expression of TF that is functionally active. Apelin 13 effects on TF appear modulated by the activation of the G-protein-transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-ΚB axis since G-protein inhibitors suppressed NF-ΚB mediated TF expression. Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that apelin-13, induces a procoagulant phenotype in HUVECs and monocytes by promoting TF expression. These observations support the hypothesis that this adipokine might play a relevant role as an active partaker in athero-thrombotic disease.
Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithms for the Winner Determination Problem in Combinatorial Auctions
Authors: de Andrade Carlos Eduardo , Toso Rodrigo Franco , Resende Mauricio G. C. , Miyazawa Flávio Keidi
Published: October 2014

In this paper we address the problem of picking a subset of bids in a general combinatorial auction so as to maximize the overall profit using the first-price model. This winner determination problem assumes that a single bidding round is held to determine both the winners and prices to be paid. We introduce six variants of biased random-key genetic algorithms for this problem. Three of them use a novel initialization technique that makes use of solutions of intermediate linear programming relaxations of an exact mixed integer linear programming model as initial chromosomes of the population. An experimental evaluation compares the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms with the standard mixed linear integer programming formulation, a specialized exact algorithm, and the best-performing heuristics proposed for this problem. The proposed algorithms are competitive and offer strong results, mainly for large-scale auctions.
Synopsis of Epipleoneura (Zygoptera, Coenagrionidae, “Protoneuridae”),
with emphasis on its Brazilian species
Authors: PESSACQ PABLO
Published: October 2014

A revision of the known species of Epipleoneura is presented. Material of all Brazilian species was examined. Two new species are described: E. ottoi (Holotype: Brazil, Goiás State, São Bartolomeu river) and E. susanae (Holotype: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, São Lorenzo river), and the male of E. humeralis and the female of E. kaxuriana are described for the first time. With the exception of E. protostictoides, diagnoses, morphological characterizations, and illustrations of all species including known females are presented. The genital ligula of 25 species is described or redescribed. Morphological intraspecific variation is presented for E. machadoi, E. metallica, and E. venezuelensis.
A review of the genus Magadha Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae)
Authors: LONG JIAN-KUN , YANG LIN , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: October 2014

Three new species of the planthopper genus Magadha, M. basimaculata sp. nov., M. densimaculosa sp. nov. and M. intumescentia sp. nov., are described and illustrated from China. The male of M. taibaishanensis Wang, 1989 is described for the first time. Illustrations of M. pinnata Chen, Yang & Wilson, 1989 and M. redunca Chen, Yang & Wilson, 1989 and a key to all species of the genus are given.
Revision of the genus Achmonia of Africa south of the Sahara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Authors: JANÁK JIŘÍ , BORDONI ARNALDO
Published: October 2014

A redescription of the genus Achmonia Bordoni, 2004 is presented. Based on a revision of types and of additional material, seven species are recognized in Africa south of the Sahara and placed into two species groups. All species are described or redescribed and illustrated, four of them for the first time: Achmonia carinata sp. nov., A. kapangana sp. nov., A. knirschi sp. nov., and A. simulator sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for Xantholinus amabilis Boheman, 1848, Eulissus flavomarginatus Bernhauer, 1929 and E. congoensis Bernhauer, 1932. These species are transferred to Achmonia. A lectotype is designated for Eulissus semiflavus Bernhauer, 1913, and E. gerardi Bernhauer, 1929 and the following synonymy is proposed: Achmonia amabilis (Boheman, 1848) = Eulissus semiflavus Bernhauer, 1913, syn. nov. = Eulissus gerardi Bernhauer, 1929, syn. nov. The distribution of the genus in Africa south of Sahara is mapped and a key to species is presented.
A High-Spectral-Resolution Radiative Transfer Model for Simulating Multilayered Clouds and Aerosols in the Infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Yang Ping , Liu Xu
Published: October 2014

A fast and flexible model is developed to simulate the transfer of thermal infrared radiation at wavenumbers from 700 to 1300 cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 0.1 cm−1 for scattering–absorbing atmospheres. In a single run and at multiple user-defined levels, the present model simulates radiances at different viewing angles and fluxes. Furthermore, the model takes into account complicated and realistic scenes in which ice cloud, water cloud, and mineral dust layers may coexist within an atmospheric column. The present model is compared to a rigorous reference model, the 32-stream Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT) code. For an atmosphere with three scattering layers (water, ice, and mineral dust), the root-mean-square error of the simulated brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere is approximately 0.05 K, and the relative flux errors at the boundary and internal levels are much smaller than 1%. Within the same computing environment, the fast model runs more than 10 000, 6000, and 4000 times faster than DISORT under single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer cloud–aerosol conditions, respectively. With its computational efficiency and accuracy, the present model may optimally facilitate the forward radiative transfer simulations involved in remote sensing implementations based on high-spectral-resolution and narrowband infrared measurements and in the data assimilation applications of the weather forecasting system. The selected 0.1-cm−1 spectral resolution is an obstacle to extending the present model to strongly absorptive bands (e.g., 600–700 cm−1). However, the present clear-sky module can be substituted by a more accurate model for specific applications involving spectral bands with strong absorption.
Analysis of WRF-Simulated Diurnal Boundary Layer Winds in Eastern China Using a Simple 1D Model
Authors: Du Yu , Rotunno Richard , Zhang Qinghong
Published: October 2014

The low-level diurnal winds for different locations of eastern China are documented using the June 2006–11 hourly model data simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model with a 9-km horizontal resolution. A simple 1D model, including both diurnal thermal forcing and diurnally varying boundary layer friction, is found to explain important features of the WRF-simulated diurnal boundary layer winds in eastern China. For example, in northeastern China, at a similar latitude, the maximum velocity parallel to the coastline at a longitude over the ocean occurs earlier than the maximum velocity parallel to the inland chain of coastline-parallel mountains at a longitude over land. This difference can be identified with the well-known Blackadar effect over the land. Off the eastern coast of China, the diurnal winds for different latitudes over the ocean vary in both phase and amplitude, consistent with expectations based on the simple 1D model.
Sensitivity Enhancement System for Pulse Compression Weather Radar
Authors: Nguyen Cuong M. , Chandrasekar V.
Published: October 2014

The use of low-power solid-state transmitters in weather radar to keep costs down requires a pulse compression technique that maintains an adequate minimum detectable signal. However, wideband pulse compression filters will partly reduce the system’s sensitivity performance. In this paper, a sensitivity enhancement system (SES) for pulse compression weather radar is developed to mitigate this issue. SES uses a dual-waveform transmission scheme and an adaptive pulse compression filter. The waveforms’ diversity can be done in the frequency domain or the time domain. The adaptive filter is designed based on the self-consistency between signal returns from the two waveforms. Analysis based on radar-simulated data and observations from NASA’s dual-frequency dual-polarized Doppler radar (D3R) shows that by using SES, the system sensitivity can be improved by 7–10 dB when compared to that of the conventional matched filter.
Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake in people with psychosis
Authors: Hahn Lisa A , Galletly Cherrie A , Foley Debra L , Mackinnon Andrew , Watts Gerald F , Castle David J , Waterreus Anna , Morgan Vera A
Published: October 2014

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with poor dietary intake (less than four servings of fruit and vegetables daily) in a large nationally representative sample of adults with psychotic disorders.

Methods:

The sample comprised 1286 adults aged 18–64 years who took part in the second Australian national survey of psychosis. Dietary information was obtained using a standardised questionnaire; all participants provided fasting blood samples. Variables that may be related to diet and nutritional intake were investigated; these included demographics, physical health outcomes, physical activity, substance use, symptom severity and financial difficulty. Dietary status was explored by sex, age and body mass index using univariate analyses, while a multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of low nutritional intake.

Results:

Approximately 74% of participants ate less than four servings of fruit and vegetables daily. This was associated with a lower body mass index ( p<0.05), lower levels of physical activity ( p<0.05), sedentary behaviour ( p<0.05), substance use ( p<0.001), more negative symptoms ( p<0.05), eating less frequently ( p<0.001), consuming whole fat milk compared to low fat milk ( p<0.05), adding salt to food ( p<0.05) and financial difficulty ( p<0.05). Male sex and younger age (18–34 years) were also associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake ( p<0.001). A multivariate regression analysis showed that current smoking ( p<0.001) and alcohol ( p<0.01) and cannabis abuse ( p<0.05) were risk factors for lower fruit and vegetable intake.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that poor diet in people with psychosis, as reflected by less than four servings of fruit and vegetables daily, is accompanied by other unhealthy behaviours, which has important implications for the development of effective interventions. Importantly, current smoking is a significant predictor of dietary inadequacy.
Experience of stigma and discrimination reported by people experiencing the first episode of schizophrenia and those with a first episode of depression: The FEDORA project
Authors: Corker Elizabeth A , Beldie Alina , Brain Cecilia , Jakovljevic Miro , Jarema Marek , Karamustafalioglu Oguz , Marksteiner Josef , Mohr Pavel , Prelipceanu Dan , Vasilache Anamaria , Waern Margda , Sartorius Norman , Thornicroft Graham ,   the FEDORA study group, Bulucz Judit , Kores Plesnicar Blanka , Constant Eric
Published: October 2014

Aim:

To record and measure the nature and severity of stigma and discrimination experienced by people during a first episode of schizophrenia and those with a first episode of major depressive disorder.

Methods:

The Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-12) was used in a cross-sectional survey to elicit service user reports of anticipated and experienced discrimination by 150 people with a diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia and 176 with a diagnosis of first-episode major depressive disorder in seven countries (Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Sweden and Turkey).

Results:

Participants with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder reported discrimination in a greater number of life areas than those with schizophrenia, as rated by the total DISC-12 score ( p = .03). With regard to specific life areas, participants with depression reported more discrimination in regard to neighbours, dating, education, marriage, religious activities, physical health and acting as a parent than participants with schizophrenia. Participants with schizophrenia reported more discrimination with regard to the police compared to participants with depression.

Conclusion:

Stigma and discrimination because of mental illness change in the course of the mental diseases. Future research may take a longitudinal perspective to better understand the beginnings of stigmatisation and its trajectory through the life course and to identify critical periods at which anti-stigma interventions can most effectively be applied.
A qualitative study on family acceptance, stigma and discrimination of persons with schizophrenia in an Indian metropolis
Authors: Paul Sayani , Nadkarni Vimla V
Published: October 2014

Families’ perception and their acceptance of the person with schizophrenia play a major role in the course and outcome of schizophrenia. Based on in-depth interviews with people with schizophrenia and focused group discussion with their care givers, this article identifies the factors that influence family acceptance which in turn nullify people’s experiences of stigma and discrimination in an urban metropolis of India. Factors that strengthened acceptance and nullified people’s experiences of stigma and discrimination in domains like marriage, decision-making, access to property, treatment and care have been identified. The article highlights implications for social work practice and research.
Mechanical, electrical and microstructural characterisation of multifunctional structural power composites
Authors: Greenhalgh ES , Ankersen J , Asp LE , Bismarck A , Fontana QPV , Houlle M , Kalinka G , Kucernak A , Mistry M , Nguyen S , Qian H , Shaffer MSP , Shirshova N , Steinke JHG , Wienrich M
Published: October 2014

Multifunctional composites which can fulfil more than one role within a system have attracted considerable interest. This work focusses on structural supercapacitors which simultaneously carry mechanical load whilst storing/delivering electrical energy. Critical mechanical properties (in-plane shear and in-plane compression performance) of two monofunctional and four multifunctional materials were characterised, which gave an insight into the relationships between these properties, the microstructures and fracture processes. The reinforcements included baseline T300 fabric, which was then either grafted or sized with carbon nanotubes, whilst the baseline matrix was MTM57, which was blended with ionic liquid and lithium salt (two concentrations) to imbue multifunctionality. The resulting composites exhibited a high degree of matrix heterogeneity, with the ionic liquid phase preferentially forming at the fibres, resulting in poor matrix-dominated properties. However, fibre-dominated properties were not depressed. Thus, it was demonstrated that these materials can now offer weight savings over conventional monofunctional systems when under modest loading.
Prevalence and Profile of Phonological and Surface Subgroups in College Students With a History of Reading Disability
Authors: Birch Stacy L.
Published: October 2014

The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize surface and phonological subgroups of readers among college students with a prior diagnosis of developmental reading disability (RD). Using a speeded naming task derived from Castles and Coltheart’s subtyping study, we identified subgroups of readers from among college students with RD and then compared them on a number of component reading tasks. Most of our adults with RD showed a discrepancy in lexical versus sublexical reading skills. The majority of classified individuals were in the phonological dyslexia group, and this group’s performance was worse than that of other groups on a range of reading-related tasks. Specifically, being relatively less skilled at reading nonwords compared to irregular words was associated with deficits in both sublexical and lexical tasks, and with unique deficits compared to the surface dyslexia group not only in an independent measure of phonological coding but also in spelling, rapid automatized naming, and speeded oral reading. The surface dyslexia group was small, and the pattern of results for these readers was not consistent with the predicted profile of a specific deficit in lexical and automatized reading processes. Our surface group did not show reduced skill in lexical mechanisms specifically, nor any unique deficit compared to the phonological group. These results seem more supportive of models of reading that place phonological processing impairments at the core of RD, with all other impairments being clearly subsidiary.
When fiscal recentralisation meets urban reforms: Prefectural land finance and its association with access to housing in urban China
Authors: Fu Qiang
Published: October 2014

By retrieving household-level information from 127,938 household heads and fiscal data from 177 prefectures located in eastern and central China, this research quantifies the net association between land finance and urban housing tenure. While the results demonstrate that in 2005 China’s urban housing market remained stratified and simultaneously favoured individuals possessing economic, political and human capital, the key finding is that, net of other household- and prefecture-level effects, land finance is significantly and negatively associated with local homeownership. Moreover, both the demand and supply sides of the urban housing market contribute to such net association. By demonstrating the internal links between urban housing and local finance, this research not only provides a more holistic view of housing stratification during institutional changes but also lends empirical support to conceptual frameworks that explain a territory-based coalition between local governments and selective enterprises.
Digitised money transactions and cultures of malling
Authors: Yolmo Nima Lamu
Published: October 2014

This article explores the sociality of digitised money transactions in the use of credit and debit cards in New Delhi. The article draws from insights in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and uses ethnographic practices to capture the complexity of digital money usage. The findings suggest that digital money and its required technological infrastructure do not operate as neutral interventions. Rather, credit cards and consumer behaviour are generated by and implicated in a range of cultural codes and practices, such as contexts for debt vulnerability and fraud. Courts, banks and the government currently appear to be behind the regulatory curve for managing these transactions which clearly seem to outpace the existing legal capacities in India. Significantly, it also emerges that credit card usage, consumer debt and digital frauds need to be grasped as linked phenomena. Money and technology, hence, I argue, operate in sociologically and politically charged contexts.
Matrimonial strategies among peasant women in early 20th century Garhwal
Authors: Pant Rashmi
Published: October 2014

The extensive presence in the legal archives of cases of non-normative conjugalities in Garhwal cannot be explained as exceptions or cultural vestiges as colonial observers tended to do. By tracing their recurrence using the temporal depth of historical sources, the article is able to rehabilitate what appeared as deviant, marginal or even immoral practices at a given time, as culturally available strategies. They are interpreted in this article as practical solutions to the reproductive needs of the small peasant household. These conjugal arrangements were particularly useful when the support of lineage members was undependable or even hostile, as frequently in the case of widows. Such households could not be sustained, however, if their land were to return to the lineage on the death of its head. This conundrum forced them to negotiate the rule of patrilineal inheritance. While men were historically empowered to contest lineage rights under the colonial interpretation of local custom, women’s property was subject even more strictly to the reversionary right of patrilineal heirs. The article examines how women deployed custom and laws relating to debt to deal with unequal property rights.
Input-to-state stability of impulsive switched hybrid time-delay systems with delayed impulse effects
Authors: Wang Dandan , Gao Lijun , Zong Guangdeng
Published: October 2014

The input-to-state stability (ISS) and integral input-to-state stability (iISS) problems are addressed for a family of impulsive switched hybrid time-delay systems with delayed impulses. Employing the multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals method, sufficient conditions are established guaranteeing the ISS/iISS property of the given system. Here, the discrete dynamics are destabilizing (stabilizing) while the continuous dynamics may be stable (unstable). The impulsive, switching signals and delayed impulses are all considered which satisfy some dwell-time conditions. Two illustrative examples are presented to show that the proposed results are effective and a practical example is given to show a background of our model.
Introduction
Authors: Gordon Jane Anna
Published: October 2014

This introduction outlines the core debates in the 8-piece symposium dedicated to critically engaging Amartya Sen’s The Idea of Justice. Among these is whether the establishment communities that are Sen’s primary interlocutors could ever be allies in the projects of freedom and social transformation that he so powerfully elucidated and the relationship of general theories of justice to the choice of some empirical examples over those that emerge from the places in the global South where conditions of self-determination for citizens are most lacking. While asking whether we need a political ideal beyond justice, the richness of the articles and Sen’s very substantive reply are testament to his profound contribution both to scholarship and as a model alternative to the often unjust and ungenerous character of the contemporary academy.
Veteran offenders in Cheshire
Authors: Murray Emma
Published: October 2014

This article emerges out of a three year research project with Cheshire Probation Trust on their Veteran Support Officer (VSO) initiative. At a time when the offending of veterans is a subject of national concern with vast political and social interest this article is the timely provider of a series of questions and debates about how those concerns (the noise) are translating into probation practice. Although this is a national concern, to date there is no national strategy to guide practitioners. Instead a series of ad hoc grassroots initiatives have emerged in response that vary greatly across probation areas. The findings suggest that Cheshire’s pioneering model has been instrumental in raising awareness of veteran offending both regionally and nationally but more needs to be done to fully understand the needs of this unique offending population. The aim is not one of resolving problems at this stage but to encourage a series of questions and debates about how veteran offenders are managed in the community using the experience of Cheshire Probation Trust’s journey to date to create discussions and encourage debates that are relevant to all probation areas.
Acknowledging desistance
Authors: Hylton Jamal
Published: October 2014

Allan Weaver's autobiographical account and the corresponding analysis by Beth Weaver, is an enlightening personal account and analysis of an ex-offender and ex-prisoner turned Scottish criminal justice social worker, and an example of the value that professionals with offending and penal experiences can bring. There is much to learn from drawing on the offender/ex-offender experience to understand desistance, and this will hopefully become a key component in formulating future probation and rehabilitation policies, strategies and training and development. The unique, and sometimes hidden, journeys of qualified probation and rehabilitation professionals with similar backgrounds should be valued in developing successful supervisory/rehabilitative practices.
Understanding the performance consequences of family involvement in the top management team: The role of long-term orientation
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Wulf Torsten , Stubner Stephan
Published: October 2014

This article examines the relationship between long-term orientation, family involvement in the top management team (TMT), and family firm performance. On the basis of agency and stewardship theory, we propose that the inclusion of family members in the TMT only enhances firm performance if it induces a long-term orientation among management. An empirical analysis involving 201 privately owned family firms from Germany supports our theory that a long-term orientation helps align family and organizational goals. As such, it represents an important mediator that links family involvement in the TMT to performance.
Dimerized plasmin fragment D as a potential biomarker to predict successful catheter-directed thrombolysis therapy in acute deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Luo Chien-Ming , Wu I-Hui , Chan Chih-Yang , Chen Yih-Sharng , Yang Wei-Shiung , Wang Shoei-Shen
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The value of dimerized plasmin fragment D in the clinical monitoring during the catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis is not known.

Methods

Dimerized plasmin fragment D levels in 24 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis undergoing catheter-directed thrombolysis were prospectively evaluated. The plasma dimerized plasmin fragment D level was measured serially before and at every 12 h during catheter-directed thrombolysis for 24 h. Technical success was defined as restoration of patency and flow with less than 50% residual thrombus by surveillance rotational venography.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 79.2% (19 of 24) of the treated limbs after catheter-directed thrombolysis. In univariate analysis, there was significant elevation of the dimerized plasmin fragment D at 12th h after starting the catheter-directed thrombolysis ( P < 0.05) in patients with less than 50% residual thrombus stenosis. The optimal cut-off value of dimerized plasmin fragment D to predict successful catheter-directed thrombolysis was determined as 18.4 µg/ml at the 12th h after starting the catheter-directed thrombolysis with sensitivity 0.8 and specificity 0.8 ( P = 0.03). It was further validated in multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio: 14.38; 95% CI: 1.22–169.20; P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Catheter-directed thrombolysis is safe and effective for restoration of blood flow in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis. Dimerized plasmin fragment D value greater than 18.4 µg/ml at the 12th h after starting catheter-directed thrombolysis had a high predictive rate of greater than 50% lysis at the end of catheter-directed thrombolysis.
Emergence delirium is related to the invasiveness of strabismus surgery in preschool-age children
Authors: Joo Jin , Lee Sunmi , Lee Yoonki
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To investigate the correlation between preoperative anxiety and emergence delirium (ED), and to identify other factors that contribute to ED (such as invasiveness of surgery), in preschool-age paediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.

Methods

This prospective observational study enrolled Korean children (aged 2–5 years), scheduled for strabismus surgery. After completing the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, general anaesthesia was induced. Postoperatively, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scores (used as an index of the degree of ED) and a four-point delirium scale (ED incidence), were collected and measured every 5 min. Patients were categorized according to the degree of surgical invasiveness: group U-S, single-muscle correction in a unilateral eye; group U-M, multiple-muscle correction in a unilateral eye; group B-S, single-muscle correction in bilateral eyes; group B-M, multiple-muscle correction in bilateral eyes.

Results

A total of 90 paediatric patients participated in the study. Maximum PAED scores did not correlate with the presence of preoperative anxiety. The maximum PAED score of group B-M was significantly higher than scores observed in other groups.

Conclusions

Preoperative anxiety was not related to ED in preschool-age paediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. The incidence and severity of ED was higher in patients who underwent more complicated strabismus surgery, compared with those undergoing simpler procedures.
Early Versus Delayed Passive Range of Motion After Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Kluczynski Melissa A. , Nayyar Samir , Marzo John M. , Bisson Leslie J.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Postoperative rehabilitation has been shown to affect healing of the rotator cuff after surgical repair. However, it is unknown whether an early or delayed rehabilitation protocol is most beneficial for healing.

Purpose:

To determine whether early versus delayed passive range of motion (PROM) affects rotator cuff (RC) retear rates after surgery.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature published between January 2003 and February 2014 was conducted. Retear rates were compared for early (within 1 week after surgery) versus delayed (3-6 weeks after surgery) PROM using χ2 or Fisher exact tests as well as relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs. In the first analysis, data from evidence level 1 studies that directly compared early versus delayed PROM were pooled; and in the second analysis, data from level 1 to 4 studies that did not directly compare early versus delayed PROM were pooled. The second analysis was stratified by tear size and repair method.

Results:

Twenty-eight studies (1729 repairs) were included. The first analysis of level 1 studies did not reveal a significant difference in retear rates for early (13.7%) versus delayed (10.5%) PROM ( P = .36; RR = 1.30 [95% CI, 0.74-2.30]). The second analysis revealed that for ≤3 cm tears, the risk of retear was lower for early versus delayed PROM for transosseous (TO) plus single-row anchor (SA) repairs (18.7% vs 28.2%, P = .02; RR = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47-0.95]). For >5 cm tears, the risk of retear was greater for early versus delayed PROM for double-row anchor (DA) repairs (56.4% vs 20%, P = .002; RR = 2.82 [95% CI, 1.31-6.07]) and for all repair methods combined (52.2% vs 22.6%, P = .01; RR = 2.31 [95% CI, 1.16-4.61]). There were no statistically significant associations for tears measuring <1 cm, 1 to 3 cm, 3 to 5 cm, and >3 cm.

Conclusion:

Evidence is lacking with regard to the optimal timing of PROM after RC repair; however, this study suggests that tear size may be influential.
Deletion of 16q24.1 Supports a Role for the ATP2C2 Gene in Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Smith Amena W. , Holden Kenton R. , Dwivedi Alka , Dupont Barbara R. , Lyons Michael J.
Published: October 2014

A 10-year-old boy presented with a history of significant delay in language acquisition as well as receptive and expressive language impairment that persisted into elementary school. In school, he exhibited difficulty with reading comprehension, telling and understanding narratives, and making inferences. Other aspects of his neurodevelopment were normal, with no history of significant medical concerns. He did not have hearing impairment, oromotor dysfunction, or specific neurologic abnormalities. He did not meet testing criteria for autism. Chromosomal microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction determined that he had a de novo 159-kilobase deletion of chromosome 16q24.1 that included the ATP2C2 gene. ATP2C2 is a known candidate gene for specific language impairment and is postulated to have neurobiological significance in memory-related circuits. Our patient's language deficits were consistent with a global type of specific language impairment impacting language comprehension, formulation, semantics, syntax, and phonology attributed to his de novo chromosome deletion.
The Prevalence of Migraine and Tension-Type Headache Among Schoolchildren in Kayseri, Turkey
Authors: Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze , Kumandas Sefer , Canpolat Mehmet , Gümüs Hakan , Elmali Ferhan , Kara Ahu , Per Hüseyin
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to determine the prevalence as well as psychosocial and demographic features of migraine and tension-type headache among school children between the ages of 7 and 17, and using the International Classification of Headache Disorders II. The study was conducted during the questionnaire phase and the interview phase. The prevalence of recurrent headache was 47.5%, whereas that of primary recurrent headache was 21%. The estimated prevalence rates of migraine and tension-type headache were 7.2% and 7.8%, respectively. Unilateral headache, throbbing-type headache, severe headache, and the severity of the headache with physical activity were specific for migraine. Headache was significantly higher in first-degree relatives of the children with migraine compared to the children with tension-type headache ( P < .0001). We determined the prevalence rates of migraine and tension-type headache and revealed the characteristics as well as the psychosocial and demographic features of migraine and tension-type headache. Sensitivity, specificity, and multivariate analysis were also evaluated.
Pediatric Cerebral Palsy in Africa
Authors: Donald Kirsten A. , Kakooza Angelina M. , Wammanda Robinson D. , Mallewa Macpherson , Samia Pauline , Babakir Haydar , Bearden David , Majnemer Annette , Fehlings Darcy , Shevell Michael , Chugani Harry , Wilmshurst Jo M.
Published: October 2014

Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in children worldwide. However, little is reported on this condition in the African context. Doctors from 22 countries in Africa, and representatives from a further 5 countries outside Africa, met to discuss the challenges in the evaluation and management of children with cerebral palsy in Africa and to propose service needs and further research. Basic care is limited by the poor availability of diagnostic facilities or medical personnel with experience and expertise in managing cerebral palsy, exacerbated by lack of available interventions such as medications, surgical procedures, or even regular therapy input. Relevant guidelines are lacking. In order to guide services for children with existing disabilities, to effectively target the main etiologies and to develop preventive strategies for the continent, research priorities must include multicenter collaborative studies looking at the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of cerebral palsy.
Pediatric Concussion, Cognitive Rest and Position Statements, Practice Parameters, and Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: McAbee Gary N.
Published: October 2014

There are several organizations that have published statements related to concussion management especially as it relates to cognitive rest. A review of these statements reveals that this issue is more complicated than proposed. Further research is needed to establish (1) the type and severity of concussion symptoms that may benefit from cognitive rest, if any, and the (2) type, degree, and duration of cognitive rest. Parents need to be counseled that definitive recommendations about cognitive rest are not currently based on sufficient research to make specific recommendations for every child with a concussion. This issue has important clinical and medicolegal ramifications to practitioners.
Between Justice and Tradition: Oliver O’Donovan’s Political Theory and the Challenge of Multiculturalism
Authors: Errington Andrew Ross
Published: October 2014

This article brings the theological political theory of Oliver O’Donovan to bear on the issue of multiculturalism. O’Donovan’s work provides resources for understanding the dynamics involved in debates over multiculturalism more deeply, and this discussion in turn highlights the central features of O’Donovan’s political theory. O’Donovan’s understanding of government as involving a necessary tension between the requirements of justice and the possibilities afforded by a community’s tradition allows us to properly appreciate the challenge raised by the demand to recognise minority cultures, without abandoning the obligation to do so. This further highlights that the challenge of multiculturalism is first and foremost a social challenge, which can only meaningfully be met through communication.
Vinyl-modified hyperbranched polyether cross-linked hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based polyurethane membrane for pervaporation recovery of butanol
Authors: Mingjie Hu , Shuzhen Tang , Wei Fu , Le Gao , Xinghai Liu , Yunbai Luo , Chi Huang
Published: October 2014

Hyperbranched polyether was synthesized and vinyl modified using the one-pot method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The as-obtained polyether was used to cross-link hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based polyurethane (PU). The PU was characterized by FTIR, TGA, scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle, tensile tests, and swelling properties. The PU was used in pervaporation (PV) recovery of butanol from its dilute aqueous solution. The PV performance was determined using the separation factor ( α) and permeate flux ( Fp). With a membrane thickness of 31 μm, the separation factor of the membrane was up to 10.2 with a total flux of 320.7 g m−2 h−1 at 70°C.
In Pain Thou Shalt Bring Forth Children
Authors: Chajut Eran , Caspi Avner , Chen Rony , Hod Moshe , Ariely Dan
Published: October 2014

Childbirth is usually the most painful event of a mother’s life, and resonates in individual and collective memory for years. The current study examined the relationship between the experience of labor pain and its recollection 2 days and 2 months after delivery. We found that despite the exceptional physical and emotional experiences of childbirth, the memory of the pain involved in labor was biased toward the average of the peak pain and the end pain, whereas the duration of the delivery had a relatively negligible effect on the recollected intensity of pain. A comparison of mothers whose labor ended with or without epidural analgesia corroborated previous findings that the level of pain toward the end of an experience greatly influences the way the overall experience is remembered. Although both short- and long-term retention of memories of labor exhibited the peak-and-end effect, having given birth before weakened the effect 2 months after delivery.