bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of altitude conditions on combustion and performance of a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine
Authors: Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong
Published: July 2021

Market globalization necessitates the development of heavy duty diesel engines that can operate at altitudes up to 5000 m without significant performance deterioration. But the current scenario is that existing studies on high altitude effects are still not sufficient or detailed enough to take effective measures. This study applied a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with simulated boosting pressure to investigate the performance degradation at high altitude, with the aim of adding more knowledge to the literature. Such a research engine was conducted at constant speed and injection strategy but different ambient conditions from sea level to 5000 m in altitude. The results indicated the effects of altitude on engine combustion and performance can be summarized as two aspects. First comes the extended ignition delay at high altitude, which would raise the rate of pressure rise to a point that can exceed the maximum allowable limit and therefore shorten the engine lifespan. The other disadvantage of high-altitude operation is the reduced excess air ratio and gas density inside cylinder. Worsened spray formation and mixture preparation, together with insufficient and late oxidation, would result in reduced engine efficiency, increased emissions, and power loss. The combustion and performance deteriorations were noticeable when the engine was operated above 4000 m in altitude. All these findings support the need for further fundamental investigations of in-cylinder activities of diesel engines working at plateau regions.
Queering participatory planning
Authors: Broto Vanesa Castán
Published: July 2021

All over the world, people suffer violence and discrimination because of their sexual orientation and gender identity. Queer theory has linked the politics of identity and sexuality with radical democracy experiments to decolonize development. Queering participatory planning can improve the wellbeing of vulnerable sectors of the population, while also enhancing their political representation and participation. However, to date, there has been limited engagement with the politics of sexuality and identity in participatory planning.

This paper identifies three barriers that prevent the integration of queer concerns. First, queer issues are approached as isolated and distinct, separated from general matters for discussion in participatory processes. Second, heteronormative assumptions have shaped two fields that inform participatory planning practices: development studies and urban planning. Third, concrete, practical problems (from safety concerns to developing shared vocabularies) make it difficult to raise questions of identity and sexuality in public discussions. An engagement with queer thought has potential to renew participatory planning.
The role and limits of the European Health Insurance Card: (Too) great expectations?
Authors: De Wispelaere Frederic , Berki Gabriella
Published: July 2021

In line with the genuine spirit of scientific research, notably cultivating discussion, we make some reflections on the article of Stan et al. The main purpose of our commentary is to nuance but also to refute some of their observations and conclusions. First, the original purpose of both the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) and of the European legal framework it forms part of seem to have been overlooked. Therefore, we argue that the assumption made by the authors, which served as the basis of the article, namely the European legislature’s promise the EHIC would contribute to European social integration, is erroneous. Second, we argue that there is insufficient evidence that the EHIC would amplify social inequalities across regions and classes. One could even argue that the EHIC is a visual symbol of the social dimension of the European Union. In practice, not only the EHIC but also the reimbursement principles as defined under the Coordination Regulations 883/2004 and 987/2009 are of great importance. Without these rules, there would be a major barrier for all EU citizens in terms of access and affordability of unplanned necessary cross-border healthcare, and consequently to the free movement of persons.
Beyond methodological nationalism in explanations of gender equality: The impact of EU policies on gender provisions in national collective agreements in Belgium (1957–2020)
Authors: Lemeire Veronika , Zanoni Patrizia
Published: July 2021

Based on an analysis of gender equality provisions in national collective agreements, this article investigates the influence of European Union (EU) gender and macro-economic policy on gender equality outcomes in Belgium since the signature of the Treaty of Rome in 1957. We show that, over time, EU gender equality policies have led to the adoption of provisions promoting formal gender equality and the integration of women in the labour market. At the same time, EU macro-economic policies have stimulated labour flexibility, promoting part-time work largely filled by women, and imposed wage moderation, which has fundamentally hampered the correction of historical indirect gender discrimination in wages. Overall, EU policies have stimulated the transformation of the conservative male breadwinner model of this coordinated market economy (CME) into a gendered ‘one-and-a-half earner’ model, a transformation partially enforced through the increased interference of the state transposing EU policies. Our study advances the current literature by pointing to the limitations of prevalent methodologically nationalist explanations of gender equality outcomes in CMEs. More specifically, it shows that the gender equality provisions of national collective bargaining agreements in CMEs cannot be understood independent of EU gender and macro-economic policies.
Knowledge Management Initiatives for Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Chaturvedi Shakti , Singh Tushar
Published: July 2021

Even though India, with the second-largest population on the planet, had taken early careful steps through screening and activating the integrated disease surveillance program movement, the COVID-19 disease was yet spreading once the lockdown was lifted in 2020. Thus, not only India but the entire world is dreading the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present work offers reporting and investigations of the current issues about COVID-19, particularly from March to November 2020 in India. The authors have done an exhaustive analysis of media reports, government briefings, social platforms and present five knowledge management initiatives through a framework to improve the current state of response.
Book review: Anu Sharma, Through the Looking Glass: Iran and its Foreign Relations
Authors: Siddiqui Fazzur Rahman
Published: July 2021

Anu Sharma, Through the Looking Glass: Iran and its Foreign Relations. KW Publishers, 2020, pp. 306, ₹1,480 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-89137-57-6.
Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of cutaneous chromatophoromas in captive bearded dragons
Authors: Monahan Colleen F. , Meyer Anne , Garner Michael M. , Kiupel Matti
Published: July 2021

Chromatophoromas are neoplasms that develop from the dermal pigment-bearing and light-reflecting cells (chromatophores) in the skin of reptiles, fish, and amphibians. Seventeen cutaneous chromatophoromas were identified from 851 bearded dragon submissions (2%) to a private diagnostic laboratory in a 15-y period. No sex predilection was found. Ages ranged from 9 mo to 11 y. Chromatophoromas most commonly were single, raised, variably pigmented masses or pigmented scales on the trunk, and less commonly the extremities or head. Microscopically, iridophoromas, melanophoromas, mixed chromatophoromas, and nonpigmented chromatophoromas were identified. Neoplasms were often ulcerated and invaded deep into the subcutis and muscle. Most commonly, nuclear atypia was mild-to-moderate, and mitotic count was low. Six neoplasms had abundant, periodic acid-Schiff–positive, mucinous stroma. Histologic examination was often adequate to diagnose chromatophoromas in bearded dragons given that 11 of 17 had some degree of pigmentation, although it was often scant. IHC for S100 and PNL2 could be helpful to diagnose poorly pigmented neoplasms. No lymphatic invasion or metastases at the time of excision were noted in any of the cases. Follow-up data were available for 6 cases, with no reports of recurrence or neoplasia-related death. Two cases had elevated mitotic counts and nuclear pleomorphism, which has been associated with metastasis in other reports of bearded dragon chromatophoromas. In general, it appears that aggressive surgical excision is often curative, but monitoring may be warranted for cases in which tumors had high mitotic count and nuclear pleomorphism.
Characteristics of Early Childhood and Elementary General Music Methods Coursework for Preservice Music Teachers
Authors: Salvador Karen , Culp Mara E.
Published: July 2021

Although many music teacher candidates begin university studies planning to teach secondary ensembles, most will ultimately be certified to teach younger children and may be called to do so. The purpose of this study was to examine how music teacher education programs prepare preservice music educators to teach music to children from birth through elementary school through coursework. We emailed survey invitations to representatives from 512 institutions accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music to prepare music educators. We received 134 usable responses (response rate = 26%). Nearly all respondents offered elementary general music methods (EGMM), and over three quarters required EGMM for all students in initial licensure programs. Only about one in ten responding institutions offered early childhood music methods (ECMM). We describe findings on EGMM and ECMM course structures, content, and materials as well as the employment status, degree background, and other qualifications of the person who typically taught this coursework
Effect of solid–gas damping on dynamic characteristics of aerostatic guideway
Authors: Chen Dongju , Liang Dong , Zha chunqing
Published: July 2021

In order to study the influence mechanism of the motion accuracy of the air static pressure guide system, this article combines the internal transmission law of the driving part of the table and the coupling analysis of solid damping and micro-scale gas damping and establishes the stepping motor, ball screw, nut, and motion table. The four-degree-of-freedom operation model was used to study the response simulation and dynamic characteristics of the entire table under the influence of various components. Combined with the damping characteristics extracted from the experiment, the influence mechanism of micro-gap solids and gas damping on the motion accuracy of the air-floating table is analyzed, and the optimal structural scheme that can effectively improve the accuracy and stability is proposed to improve the performance of the air-floating table and ultra-precision machine tools, processing accuracy to solve key technical problems in improving nano-machining accuracy.
A modified Fourier series-based solution with improved rate of convergence for two-dimensional rectangular isotropic linear elastic solids
Authors: Barulich Néstor Darío , Deutsch Aharon , Eisenberger Moshe , Godoy Luis Augusto , Dardati Patricia Mónica
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a new displacement solution based on a Modified Fourier Series (MFS) for isotropic linear elastic solids under plane strain or plane stress states subject to continuous displacement and traction boundary conditions in a two-dimensional rectangular domain. In contrast with existing approaches that are restricted to Fourier series with a rate of convergence of second order O(m-2), the MFS allows increasing the rate of convergence of the solution. The governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are satisfied exactly by two displacement solutions while the boundary conditions are approximated after solving a finite system of algebraic equations. Numerical results for a solution with an MFS with rate of convergence O(m-3) are compared with results from existing numerical and analytical methods, showing the enhanced behavior of the present solution.
Two Pink Lines: An Exploratory, Comparative Study of Florida’s Pregnancy-associated and Nonpregnancy-associated Intimate Partner Homicides
Authors: Spence Sonya , Huff-Corzine Lin
Published: July 2021

Pregnancy-associated Intimate Partner Homicides (PAIPHs) are murders of pregnant women by a former or current intimate partner. This study uses aggregated public data from 2000 to 2019 to examine 33 Florida Pregnancy-associated Intimate Partner Homicides and a comparison group of 33 Nonpregnant Intimate Partner Homicides (NIPHs). Findings show that unwanted pregnancies or relationships, avoidance of prosecution, doubts concerning the unborn child’s paternity, infidelity accusations, and the victim’s drug use are risk factors for Florida’s Pregnancy-associated Intimate Partner Homicides. Moreover, findings suggest a need for Maternal Intimate Partner Violence programs, policies, and interventions targeted toward pregnant women and their intimate partners.
Enabling particle applications for exascale computing platforms
Authors: Mniszewski Susan M , Belak James , Fattebert Jean-Luc , Negre Christian FA , Slattery Stuart R , Adedoyin Adetokunbo A , Bird Robert F , Chang Choongseok , Chen Guangye , Ethier Stéphane , Fogerty Shane , Habib Salman , Junghans Christoph , Lebrun-Grandié Damien , Mohd-Yusof Jamaludin , Moore Stan G , Osei-Kuffuor Daniel , Plimpton Steven J , Pope Adrian , Reeve Samuel Temple , Ricketson Lee , Scheinberg Aaron , Sharma Amil Y , Wall Michael E
Published: July 2021

The Exascale Computing Project (ECP) is invested in co-design to assure that key applications are ready for exascale computing. Within ECP, the Co-design Center for Particle Applications (CoPA) is addressing challenges faced by particle-based applications across four “sub-motifs”: short-range particle–particle interactions (e.g., those which often dominate molecular dynamics (MD) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods), long-range particle–particle interactions (e.g., electrostatic MD and gravitational N-body), particle-in-cell (PIC) methods, and linear-scaling electronic structure and quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) algorithms. Our crosscutting co-designed technologies fall into two categories: proxy applications (or “apps”) and libraries. Proxy apps are vehicles used to evaluate the viability of incorporating various types of algorithms, data structures, and architecture-specific optimizations and the associated trade-offs; examples include ExaMiniMD, CabanaMD, CabanaPIC, and ExaSP2. Libraries are modular instantiations that multiple applications can utilize or be built upon; CoPA has developed the Cabana particle library, PROGRESS/BML libraries for QMD, and the SWFFT and fftMPI parallel FFT libraries. Success is measured by identifiable “lessons learned” that are translated either directly into parent production application codes or into libraries, with demonstrated performance and/or productivity improvement. The libraries and their use in CoPA’s ECP application partner codes are also addressed.
Oversized balloon angioplasty for endovascular maturation of arteriovenous fistulae to accelerate cannulation and to decrease the duration of catheter use
Authors: de Oliveira Harduin Leonardo , Guerra Julia Bandeira , Virgini-Magalhães Carlos Eduardo , da Costa Felipe Silva , Vieira Brunno Ribeiro , Mello Renata Silveira , Filippo Marcio Gomes , Barroso Thiago Almeida , de Mattos Jorge Paulo Strogoff , Fiorelli Rossano Kepler Alvim
Published: July 2021

Background:

The functional autologous arteriovenous fistula is considered the best vascular access for patients on hemodialysis. Some fistulae exhibit maturation problems after creation and do not reach adequate vessel diameter and flow in dialysis. The aim of this study was to describe our technique of oversized balloon angioplasty for assisted maturation of arteriovenous fistulae to accelerate the cannulation and to decrease the time of catheter use and its outcome.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of balloon-assisted procedures for maturation failure was performed in a single center between October 2011 and January 2019. Patients underwent imaging procedures to identify stenosis, followed by angioplasty using oversized high-pressure balloons from the anastomosis to the deep venous outflow tract. The flow volume, time interval of use of the fistula and removal of the catheter, patency rates, and complications rates were evaluated.

Results:

Seventy-eight patients underwent 124 balloon angioplasty procedures. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 91% of the cases. In patients in whom maturation was successful, the fistula was cannulated in a mean time of 5 days after the procedure (range, 1–20 days). On average, catheter removal was performed 14 days (range, 5–33 days) after the maturation procedure. The mean flow volume in the fistula before the procedure was 276 ml/min (range, 122–488 ml/min) and 24 h after the maturation was 1014 ml/min (range, 760–1800 ml/min). The primary patency rate at 3, 6, and 12 months was 87.3%, 66.2%, and 50.7%, respectively. Assisted primary patency was 100% at 3 months, 92.9% at 6 months, and 90.0% at 12 months. Minor complications occurred in 18% of cases, and major complications in 4.8%.

Conclusions:

The oversized balloon-assisted arteriovenous fistula maturation technique is safe and effective, allowing the cannulation of the fistulae a few hours or days after the procedure and decreasing the time of catheter use.
Decolonizing Samoan fa’afaletui methodology: taking a closer look
Authors: Tuia Tagataese Tupu , Cobb Donella
Published: July 2021

Since Samoan fa’afaletui (meeting) was first conceptualized as a research methodology, fa’afaletui has experienced an uncomfortable coupling with Western research approaches and methods. This article takes an epistemological turn by looking closely at the Indigenous principles and cultural practices that underpin fa’afaletui as a traditional conversational practice to bring fresh insight into fa’afaletui as a research methodology and method.
The Manulua Framework: how combining multiple research methodologies and theoretical or conceptual frameworks strengthens research with Tongan participants
Authors: Fonua Sonia M
Published: July 2021

When researching with Moana (ocean) or Pacific peoples, a key research consideration is which methodological approach will best acknowledge, engage, and value what is shared. The Manulua (two birds) Framework explores the experiences of successful Tongan science learners in Aotearoa New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga. The Manulua Framework draws on four very different theoretical or conceptual frameworks and methods, complementing (1) Tongan and Moana or Pacific approaches to research with aspects of (2) critical realism, (3) relationality through vā (space), and the (4) multiscience framework. Epeli Hau’ofa’s seminal essay Sea of Islands, and the articles of support and critique found in A New Oceania helped situate Oceania as the context, connector, and source of my participants’ stories. This article describes how this combination acknowledged Moana or Pacific values, protocols, knowledge, and beliefs during data collection, analysis, and reflection, offering a way for researchers to consider how to draw upon multiple theoretical or conceptual frameworks and methods in their work.
A Quick Review on the Multisystem Effects of Prone Position in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Including COVID-19
Authors: Adeola Janet O , Patel Shivani , Goné Evelyne N , Tewfik George
Published: July 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this review is to highlight the multisystem effects of prone position in ARDS patients with a focus on current findings regarding its use in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

Two reviewers comprehensively searched PubMed database for literature regarding pathophysiology and efficacy of prone position in ARDS patients as well as specific data regarding this approach in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion:

Prone positioning is well-documented to improve oxygenation and cardiac function in ARDS patients and might confer increased survival, with benefits that outweigh risks such as facial edema, endotracheal tube displacement, and intraabdominal organ dysfunction in obese patients. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia, while meeting ARDS criteria, differs from typical ARDS in several ways. Data would suggest that advantages of prone position would become limited after significant disease progression and fibrosis. The use of this technique in COVID-19 requires prolonged sessions that are unprecedented in the treatment of ARDS patients. New data regarding COVID-19 pathophysiology and patients continues to evolve daily. More frequently, patients are proned while maintaining spontaneous breathing—the results of this intervention are an area for future studies. There is more to learn about the appropriate use of prone position in COVID-19 patients. The multisystem risks and benefits require clinicians to adopt a patient centered decision-making algorithm when employing this technique in COVID-19 patients.

Level of evidence:

NA
Distilling innovative US autism care programs that address widely perceived unmet patient and family needs
Authors: Wong Venus , Pham Mai , Godfrey Kristen , Milstein Arnold
Published: July 2021

Current mainstream care for autistic individuals is fragmented, narrow, and poorly individualized. To better describe cutting-edge autism care, we searched for care programs in the United States that had been collaboratively designed with patients and families and that carry the highest potential to improve the quality of life of autistic individuals and their families. Using a modified Delphi method, we gathered input via conversations and surveys from 55 autistic adults, family members, practicing clinicians, and autism specialized researchers. As a result, 90 innovative autism care programs were nominated. We distilled these nominations to 15 programs across the United States by applying researcher-selected criteria, such as providing services actively and having data on program effectiveness. Then, we recruited 10 experts to rate the novelty, clinical benefits to individuals, clinical benefits to family caregivers, care costs for autistic individuals, societal costs, adaptability, and feasibility of the 15 programs. Common features of the 15 programs include care coordination and integration, care delivery, payment, and providing care in underserved clinical areas.

Lay abstract

Currently, the quality of care for autistic individuals is not good. Many care services for autistic individuals are not well coordinated, nor are they tailored. We wanted to find out a better model for autism care and believed that the autism community knows where these programs are. So, we had conversations with and surveyed 55 autistic adults, family members, clinicians, and researchers. They shared 90 innovative autism care programs that had been collaboratively designed with patients and families and that are likely to improve the quality of life of autistic individuals and their families. We then narrowed down the 90 nominated programs to 15 programs across the United States by applying researcher-selected criteria, such as providing services actively and having data on program effectiveness. We compiled a list of these innovative, quality autism care programs.
Multilingualism in Vanuatu: Four case studies
Authors: Walworth Mary , Dewar Amy , Ennever Thomas , Takau Lana , Rodriguez Iveth
Published: July 2021

Each of the 65 inhabited islands of Vanuatu hosts its own unique linguistic environment in which varying degrees of multilingualism are found. This paper defines various types of small-scale multilingual settings in Vanuatu and explores what sociohistorical factors have led to them. This paper is based on first-hand observations and primary data collected by the authors in four locations in the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu since 2016: two neighboring villages of Emae Island (Makatu and Tongamea), North Malekula, and on Maewo Island. The assessments of multilingualism in these examples from Vanuatu were qualitative, based on observations of sociolinguistic practices in each of these areas, as well as data from language history and language use surveys carried out in each place. Through defining and comparing the types of multilingualism present in the four case studies, we identify patterns in the social and historical processes that lead to various kinds of multilingualism: (a) interaction of linguistic and sociocultural identities and (b) mobility of both individuals and entire speech communities. The examples described in this paper are used to highlight the diversity of multilingualism found in Vanuatu and to explore how their differing linguistic environments and histories have contributed to their varying degrees of multilingualism. This paper makes an original contribution to knowledge about the small-scale multilingual situations in Vanuatu, offering descriptions of previously undocumented and endangered multilingual environments. Through an examination of the sociocultural motivations for multilingualism, alongside historical migrations of speaker groups and marked sociolinguistic identities, this paper contributes to research on why and how small-scale multilingualism can develop. Furthermore, this paper provides the foundation for future, more rigorous investigations into the small-scale multilingual situations of this highly understudied region.
Public opinion, political partisanship and the Votes-at-16 debate in the United Kingdom
Authors: Loughran Thomas , Mycock Andrew , Tonge Jonathan
Published: July 2021

The debate in the United Kingdom over whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 has largely involved political elites demanding change. Public opinion, insofar as it has been tested at UK-wide level, has tended to oppose lowering the voting age for Westminster elections, but change has proceeded for non-Westminster elections in Scotland and Wales. Drawing upon extensive research undertaken as part of a 2-year Leverhulme Trust project on the voting age debate, this article tests public opinion via quantitative surveys on whether the voting age should be lowered for UK-wide elections not only among the existing electorate but also among 16- to 17-year-olds. It suggests three things: (1) there has been a shift among adults towards support for change, but not an outright majority in favour; (2) the insulation of public opinion from the debate is likely to diminish as only a change in attitudes appears capable of eliciting change at UK level; and (3) the divisions on the issue among the public map onto the importance of age as a variable in party choice, with younger Labour supporters most in favour of Votes-at-16 and older Conservatives most opposed. This political partisanship was absent when the United Kingdom became the first country in the world to lower the voting age from 21 to 18 half-a-century ago but is likely to dominate the Votes-at-16 debate for years to come.
Perceived changes in capability during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Swedish cross-sectional study from June 2020
Authors: Meili Kaspar Walter , Jonsson Håkan , Lindholm Lars , Månsdotter Anna
Published: July 2021

Aims:

Measures against COVID-19 potentially impact quality of life in different ways. The capability approach by Amartya Sen with a broad and consistent framework for measuring quality of life is suited to capture the various consequences. We aimed to examine (a) whether individuals experienced change in 10 capability dimensions during the first half of 2020, (b) which dimensions were affected most, and (c) whether changes were unequally distributed in terms of gender, education, income, geography, housing, living situation and place of birth.

Methods:

We assessed self-reported capability change in Sweden in 10 capability dimensions in a cross-sectional online survey among 500 participants on a five-item Likert scale. We analysed the distribution of answers by comparing the balance of positive and negative perceived changes and used mixed effects logistic regression to examine associations with background characteristics of the participants.

Results:

Reported perceived negative changes outweighed positive changes, and a higher proportion stated negative perceived changes if they also stated having low capability in the same dimension. In the capabilities of financial situation, political resources and health, the proportions of perceived negative change were highest. Odds for perceived negative change compared to no or positive change were higher for lower incomes, living in smaller municipalities compared to living in medium-sized municipalities, being born outside Europe, living in the south of Sweden, and renting instead of owning housing.

Conclusions:

Self-reported negative capability change, and associated inequalities related to socioeconomic position, place of birth and regional residence should be of concern for policymakers.
Study design: Pathways to Independence – A study of unaccompanied minor refugees settled in a Norwegian city municipality
Authors: Kvestad Ingrid , Randal Sølve Bjørn , Sayyad Nawar , Lehmann Stine , Bøe Tormod
Published: July 2021

Aims:

The aim of the ‘Pathways to Independence’ study was to gain knowledge of how to facilitate a healthy development for unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) after settling in Norwegian municipalities.

Methods:

The project is located in the URM child welfare services (URM CWS) of the Bergen municipality. We invited 101 URMs older than 15 years connected to the URM CWS to participate in a comprehensive survey. Of the invited, 81 consented to participate. The survey included questions on the user’s experiences and satisfaction with the URM CWS, and questions related to schooling, social support and activities after settlement. We also included standardized and validated questionnaires on potential traumatic events, mental and somatic health, protective factors and quality of life. These questionnaires have previously been used in two Norwegian epidemiological studies, the ‘Youth@Hordaland’ and ‘Young in Foster care’, facilitating comparison of the results with other youth populations in Norway.

Conclusion:

Results from the project will be valuable in the process of reaching knowledge-based recommendations for successful settlement of URMs.
Classroom teasing: Institutional contingencies and embodied action
Authors: Looney Stephen Daniel
Published: July 2021

This article compares the sequential position, action, and design of teasing sequences in classroom and mundane interaction. This collection of teases comes from a university Geosciences classroom, and the analysis demonstrates that, like teases in ordinary conversation, classroom teases are sequentially bound and designed in extreme fashions. Nonetheless, classroom teasing sequences are unique in terms of the actions and precise designs of teasables and teases as well as the sequential contingencies that create opportunities for teasing. This paper contributes to past conversation analysis research showing how teases as sequences of embodied action are subject to local contingencies and constraints.
Fast triethylamine gas sensing performance based on In2O3 nanocuboids
Authors: Wang He , Zhao Hongwei , Li Sirui , Zhu Hang , Zhou Liming , Zhang Hehan , Xu Huilei , Yang Tianye
Published: July 2021

A simple solvent thermal method and subsequent annealing process were adopted in the successful synthesis of In2O3 nanocuboids. Outstanding sensing performance is demonstrated in the prepared In2O3-based sensor including relative low working temperature (180 °C) and high response value ∼30 toward 20 ppm triethylamine. Excellent triethylamine sensor performance is due to the unique configuration of nanocuboids and a large number of oxygen vacancies in In2O3 nanocrystals, thus improving gas sensitivity. Furthermore, the triethylamine sensing mechanism and potential growth mechanism are also studied.
Tribological characteristics of AA7075 composites reinforced with rice husk ash and carbonized eggshells
Authors: Gupta Vivudh , Singh Balbir , Mishra RK
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates dry sliding friction and wear behavior of AA7075 composites reinforced with rice husk ash and carbonized eggshells. Composites with varying weight percentages of rice husk ash and carbonized eggshells in the range of 0–5 wt.% were fabricated through stir-casting technique. Density, porosity content, and microhardness were computed before tribological testing. Friction and wear tests were conducted on pin-on-disc type tribometer at room temperature. The samples were tested at different loads (10–50 N) with constant speed of 1 m/s and constant sliding distance of 1500 m. Samples were also tested at different sliding speeds (3 and 5 m/s) with constant normal load of 30 N. The addition of natural reinforcements decreased the density of composites. Microhardness of sample having 5 wt% rice husk ash increased by 15.08% over base composition. Maximum wear resistance was shown by sample with 5 wt% rice husk ash. Highest coefficient of friction was shown by sample with 3.75 wt% rice husk ash and 1.25 wt% carbonized eggshells. Wear loss varied directly with increasing load and sliding speeds for all composites, whereas coefficient of friction increased with increasing load and decreased with increasing sliding speed for all composites. Delamination and ploughing are dominant wear mechanisms at low speed whereas ploughing is the dominant wear mechanism at high speed as depicted by scanning electron microscopic images of worn surfaces. Composites with improved wear-resistant properties can be used for different tribological applications particularly in automotive industry.
Tensile fatigue response of a novel carbon/flax/epoxy hybrid composite under strain-controlled and stress-controlled amplitude
Authors: Al-Hajaj Zainab , Zdero Radovan , Bougherara Habiba
Published: July 2021

This is the first study on the fatigue tensile performance of a novel hybrid composite made as Type A (i.e. woven carbon fibers plus unidirectional flax fibers [WC2/0F12/WC2]) or Type B (i.e. woven carbon fibers plus oblique flax fibers [WC2/(±45)F6S/WC2]) in epoxy resin. Composite plates were examined under constant strain amplitude using conventional fatigue tests and constant stress amplitude using thermographic stress analysis at 5 Hz cycling with a constant amplitude ratio of 0.1. For conventional fatigue, the max strain εmax versus cycles to failure Nf curve for Type A was log (Nf) = 9.7–588.2εmax, while for Type B it was log (Nf) = 14.9–1000εmax; neither material had a true endurance limit since curves never became horizontal. For thermographic stress analysis, high-cycle fatigue strength for Type A was 231.7 MPa (i.e. 56% of ultimate tensile stress σut), while for Type B it was 203.2 MPa (i.e. 60% of σut).
Adventure tourists' electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) intention: The effect of water-based adventure experience, grandiose narcissism, and self-presentation
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Neela Nayeema Maswood
Published: July 2021

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of tourists’ grandiose narcissism and adventure experiences on their self-presentation and electronic word-of-mouth communication (e-WOM) intention in a water-based adventure tourism setting. Data were collected through a personal-administered survey of 357 tourists who had participated in various water-based adventure activities offered at Kota Kinabalu coastal areas in Sabah, Malaysia. A partial least-square -based structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data. The results signify that tourists’ water-based adventure experiences had a direct effect on their positive self-presentation and e-WOM intention while tourist grandiose narcissism had an indirect mediating effect on e-WOM intention through positive self-presentation. The findings provide theoretical knowledge in the literature as well as practical implications for tourism managers and practitioners, particularly in water-based adventure tourism settings.
Data-driven dictionary design–based sparse classification method for intelligent fault diagnosis of planet bearings
Authors: Kong Yun , Qin Zhaoye , Wang Tianyang , Rao Meng , Feng Zhipeng , Chu Fulei
Published: July 2021

Planet bearings have remained as the challenging components for health monitoring and diagnostics in the planetary transmission systems of helicopters and wind turbines, due to their intricate kinematic mechanisms, strong modulations, and heavy interferences from gear vibrations. To address intelligent diagnostics of planet bearings, this article presents a data-driven dictionary design–based sparse classification (DDD-SC) approach. DDD-SC is free of detecting the weak frequency features and can achieve reliable fault recognition performances for planet bearings without establishing any explicit classifiers. In the first step, DDD-SC implements the data-driven dictionary design with an overlapping segmentation strategy, which leverages the self-similarity features of planet bearing data and constructs the category-specific dictionaries with strong representation power. In the second step, DDD-SC implements the sparsity-based intelligent diagnosis with the sparse representation–based classification criterion and differentiates various planet bearing health states based on minimal sparse reconstruction errors. The effectiveness and superiority of DDD-SC for intelligent planet bearing fault diagnosis have been demonstrated with an experimental planetary transmission system. The extensive diagnosis results show that DDD-SC can achieve the highest diagnosis accuracy, strongest anti-noise performance, and lowest computation costs in comparison with three classical sparse representation–based classification and two advanced deep learning methods.
Open versus Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the Australian Private Sector Over Twenty Years
Authors: Qin Kirby R. , Perera Marlon , Papa Nathan , Mitchell David , Chuen Jason
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Over the past two decades, the proliferation of endovascular surgery has changed the approach to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. In Australia, close to two-thirds of surgical procedures are performed in the private healthcare system. We aimed to describe the trends in AAA repair in the Australian private sector throughout the early 21st century.

Materials and Methods

Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) statistics were accessed to determine the number of infrarenal open AAA repair (OAR) and endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) procedures performed between January 2000 and December 2019. Population data were extracted from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and used to calculate incidence per 100,000 population. Further analysis was performed according to age, gender, and state.

Results

During the study period, 13,193 (67.0%) EVARs and 6504 (33.0%) OARs were performed in the Australian private sector. OARs fell from 70.5% (n=567) of AAA repairs in 2000 to 15.7% (n=237) in 2019, while EVARs rose from 29.5% (n=151) to 84.3% (n=808). The frequency of EVAR surpassed OAR in 2004. The overall incidence of AAA repair varied minimally over the time period (range: 4.9–6.5 per 100,000 adults per year). AAA repair was more common in males than females (9.7 vs 1.7 per 100,000 population) and more common in older age groups. There was a 4-fold increase in EVAR among males older than 85 years (12.8–57.4 per 100,000 population), the largest rise of any group. The overall EVAR:OAR ratio increased from 0.4 to 5.4. There were considerable state-based discrepancies.

Conclusion

The landscape of AAA repair in Australian private sector has drastically changed with a clear preference toward EVAR. EVAR saw increased use across all genders, age groups and states, despite stable rates of AAA surgery. Further research is necessary to compare our findings to national trends in the Australian public sector.
Percutaneous Retrieval of Venous Bullet Embolism
Authors: Peiffer Brock , Huang Junjian , Shah Rohan , Saker Mark
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Bullet fragment embolization is a rare but potentially fatal complication of traumatic gunshot injury. Herein, we present a case of a patient who demonstrated migration of a bullet fragment from the lower chest into the left common iliac vein. Continual identification of foreign bodies on trauma imaging is of the utmost importance. Identifying and treating this rare entity can help vascular interventionalists improve patient outcomes.

Case Report

Our patient presented to the emergency room after sustaining 2 gunshot wounds to the right axilla. Initial imaging demonstrated 2 bullet fragments: one in the right axilla and another in the lower chest overlying the heart. A subsequent trauma computed tomography was performed 13 minutes later and demonstrated a bullet fragment in the left common iliac vein, which had embolized from the original location in the lower chest. Interventional radiology was consulted to perform foreign body removal. A transcutaneous approach was utilized, and the bullet embolus was removed successfully without complication.

Conclusion

Bullet fragment embolization is a rare entity with complications ranging from critical limb ischemia to venous thrombosis or obstruction. This case helps to demonstrate the importance of identifying and accounting for bullet fragments in gunshot trauma imaging.
Living textile biocomposites deliver enhanced carbon dioxide capture
Authors: In-na Pichaya , Lee Jonathan , Caldwell Gary
Published: July 2021

Over 110 million tonnes of textile fibres and apparel are produced annually, ultimately ending with significant quantities of waste textiles. One route for upcycling end-of-life textiles is to repurpose the materials for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) removal by integrating microalgae (single celled photosynthetic organisms) to form ‘living’ biocomposites. In this study we demonstrate the CO2 capture performance of prototype living algae biocomposites that use textiles as a solid substrate. Chlorella vulgaris was attached to 100% cotton and 100% polyester sheets, of which half were coated with kappa-carrageenan (a natural polymer derived from seaweed) as a gel topcoat to enhance microalgae retention. The biocomposites were investigated in 28 days semi-batch CO2 absorption tests using a 5% v/v CO2/air gas mixture. They absorbed significantly more CO2 than suspension microalgae culture controls, with the highest CO2 absorption rate being 1.82 ± 0.10 g CO2 g−1biomass d−1 from the coated cotton biocomposites, followed by 1.55 ± 0.27 g CO2 g−1biomass d−1 from the uncoated cotton biocomposites. The coated and uncoated polyester biocomposites had comparatively lower CO2 absorption rates (0.49 ± 0.04 and 0.42 ± 0.03 g CO2 g−1biomass d−1 respectively), likely due to the surface charges of the materials affecting microalgae adhesion and retention. A two weeks attachment test on cotton/polyester blends revealed some deterioration of the cotton which could limit the longevity of the biocomposites. Despite these issues, the CO2 abatement values compare favourably with other Chlorella CO2 capture studies with the added benefit of much reduced water usage and a reduced land requirement.
Dopamine Receptors in Cancer: Are They Valid Therapeutic Targets?
Authors: Rosas-Cruz Arely , Salinas-Jazmín Nohemí , Velázquez Marco A. Velasco-
Published: July 2021

The dopamine receptors (DRs) family includes 5 members with differences in signal transduction and ligand affinity. Abnormal DRs expression has been correlated multiple tumors with their clinical outcome. Thus, it has been proposed that DRs-targeting drugs—developed for other diseases as schizophrenia or Parkinson’s disease—could be helpful in managing neoplastic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of DRs and the effects of DRs-targeting in tumor progression and cancer cell biology using multiple high-prevalence neoplasms as examples. The evidence shows that DRs are valid therapeutic targets for certain receptor/disease combinations, but the data are inconclusive or contradictory for others. In either case, further studies are required to define the precise role of DRs in tumor progression and propose better therapeutic strategies for their targeting.
Improved Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers After High-dose Vitamin D: A Randomized Double-blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Halschou-Jensen Peter M. , Sauer Jannie , Bouchelouche Pierre , Fabrin Jesper , Brorson Stig , Ohrt-Nissen Søren
Published: July 2021

Background. Chronic foot ulcers are a major cause of morbidity in people with diabetes with a lifetime risk of 25%. Treatment is challenging and the recurrence rates of foot ulcers are >50% after 3 years. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in people with diabetes with chronic foot ulcers, compared to both people without diabetes as well as people with diabetes but without foot ulcers. Purpose/aim of study. To assess the efficacy of high-dose compared to low-dose Cholecalciferol vitamin D3 on healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Materials and methods. We included people with diabetes with one or more foot ulcers lasting for more than 6 weeks. Patients were randomly allocated to either a daily oral intake of high-dose (170 μg) or low-dose (20 μg) vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol). We saw patients in the outpatient clinic after 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks. At each visit, we measured the ulcer with a specialized camera, and associated software and the area (cm2) was calculated. Patients and assessors were blinded to treatment allocation. We followed all patients for 48 weeks or until wound healing or surgical treatment. Findings/results. We included 48 patients in the analysis (24 in each group), with a total of 64 ulcers. Among them 41 ulcers were followed until healing or 48-week follow-up and 20 ulcers were surgically treated during the study period. Three patients were lost for follow-up. The intention-to-treat analysis showed a significantly higher rate of ulcer healing in the high-dose group with 21 of 30 (70%) healed ulcers compared to 12 of 34 (35%) in the low-dose group ( P = .012). Median ulcer reduction at final follow-up was 100% (interquartile range [IQR]: 72-100) in the high-dose group and 57% (IQR: −28 to 100) in the low-dose group. Furthermore, we found a significant effect of high-dose vitamin D on ulcer reduction in the repeated measures analysis of variance. Conclusions. We found high-dose vitamin D3 to be efficient, compared to low-dose vitamin D3, in promoting healing in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.