bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Dynamics of Monoclonal Antibody Domains Using Spins, Scattering, and Simulations
Authors: Szalai Veronika A. , Bergonzo Christina , Lyon Rachel B. , Kelman Zvi , Schmidt Thomas , Grishaev Alexander
Published: January 2025

Antibody‐based pharmaceuticals are the leading biologic drug platform (> $75B/year).[1] Despite a wealth of information collected on them, there is still a lack of knowledge on their inter‐domain structural distributions, which impedes innovation and development. To address this measurement gap, we have developed a new methodology to derive biomolecular structure ensembles from distance distribution measurements via a library of tagged proteins bound to an unlabeled and otherwise unmodified target biologic. We have employed the NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb) reference material as our development platform for use with spin‐labeled affinity protein (SLAP) reagents. Using double electron‐electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy, we have determined inter‐spin distance distributions in SLAP complexes of both the isolated Fc domain and the intact NISTmAb. Our SLAP reagents offer a general and extendable technology, compatible with any non‐isotopically labeled immunoglobulin G class mAb. Integrating molecular simulations with the DEER and solution X‐ray scattering measurements, we enable simultaneous determination of structural distributions and dynamics of mAb‐based biologics.
Transforming Governance Into Social Value: The Critical Role of Board Culture Diversity and Anti‐Corruption Policies in Affecting Corporate Social Performance in G20 Countries
Authors: Ghazwani Musa
Published: January 2025

This paper tends to examine the role of board cultural diversity (BCD) in affecting corporate social performance within G20 countries, centralizing on the interaction of BCD with global initiatives to curb corruption such as OECD convention, Global Compact and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. Using data extracted from Eikon for the period 2005–2022, this study focuses on different governance systems in both developed and non‐developed G20 countries. Employing ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed‐effects, and random‐effects models, along with bootstrap standard errors and generalized method of moments, we analyze a comprehensive dataset to assess the impact of governance factors on social performance. The results reveal that BCD, OECD, the presence of anti‐bribery and corruption policies, and United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) are significantly positively related to corporate social performance in OLS 1 and OLS2 models, with significantly different fixed‐effects specifications. The outcomes assert that where BCD is related to corporate social performance, it is significantly context‐dependent and influenced by the presence of effective anti‐corruption strategies and commitment to international initiatives. The study highlights the complexity of governance influences on corporate social responsibility, emphasizing that diverse boards are most effective when embedded within effective governance framework that includes anti‐corruption and sustainability commitments.
Revealing the Dynamics of Sustainable Epoxy‐Acrylate Networks from Recycled Plastics Blends and Oligomeric Lignin Precursors
Authors: Comí Marc , Thys Marlies , Aerts Annelore , Geudens Stijn , Vloemans Sam , Feghali Elias , Vanbroekhoven Karolien , Vendamme Richard
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of carbon circularity in the fabrication of new materials has driven the increased use of recycled and biobased resources, a practice that has become more prevalent in recent years. In epoxy resin systems, alternatives to the use of fossil‐based bisphenols have been proposed such as via the production of recycled bisphenol A (r‐BPA) or by substitution with lignin derivatives, both of which are recovered from previous processes, promoting circularity. For this study, r‐BPA was obtained via the chemical recycling of plastic blends from end‐of‐life (eol) televisions (TV). Subsequent glycidylation with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and ring‐opening using acrylic acid allowed to obtain recycled bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (r‐DGEBA) and bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate (r‐DAGBA), respectively. Six thermosets were fabricated by reacting Jeffamine D230 (Jeff D230) with r‐DGEBA/r‐DAGBA in a diverse range of epoxide:acrylate (E : A) ratios. The addition of acrylates resulted in the formation of β‐amino esters (via Aza‐Michael addition), which are thermo‐reversible and allow the incorporation of dynamic bonds into the otherwise robust epoxy formulation. To evaluate the effect of the increasing biobased content, glycidylated depolymerized lignin (GDL) from hardwood was incorporated into the composition to produce five extra polymers. The crosslinked networks of these materials were extensively characterized, and the structure‐property relationship was established by comparing their thermomechanical performance. The dissociative acrylate‐amine interactions were identified under specific thermal conditions, applied systematically to program temporary shapes and analyse the crosslink reversibility of the thermosets. In summary, our findings demonstrate that recycled and biobased aromatic monomers can be incorporated to create dynamic crosslinked structures with tuneable properties, representing a step forward towards versatile, reusable, and circular materials.
A Coil With All‐Plane High Misalignment Tolerance for Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Rao Peiyao , Liu Chao , Zhou Mingzhu , Zhuang Yizhan , Zhang Yiming
Published: January 2025

The output voltage of a magnetically resonance‐coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system is very sensitive to the coil alignment. In this paper, a novel quadrupole coil structure as a receiving coil for static charging of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is proposed to improve the mutual inductance profile under XOY plane misalignment conditions during AGV charging. The enhanced coil structure effectively reduces the output power and voltage fluctuations. An experimental prototype is established to validate the feasibility of the proposed WPT system. The experimental results show that the output voltage fluctuation is only 10.85% over a 77.78% coil area offset area covering the whole charging plane.
Identification of the course of plastic stent‐induced pancreatic duct mucosal change in chronic pancreatitis using peroral pancreatoscopy (with video)
Authors: Takuma Kensuke , Okano Naoki , Kimura Yusuke , Watanabe Koji , Nakagawa Hiroki , Hoshi Kensuke , Miura Masashi , Tochigi Naobumi , Igarashi Yoshinori , Matsuda Takahisa
Published: January 2025

Stent‐induced ductal change is a complication of endoscopic treatment of the main pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis. Most previous reports have been based on morphological duct changes observed via pancreatography. Here, we describe a case of stent‐induced ductal change in which the course of the mucosal changes was observed through peroral pancreatoscopy with a videoscopy.

The patient presented with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Main pancreatic duct stenosis in the pancreatic head was identified and a 10‐Fr plastic stent was inserted. Follow‐up pancreatography revealed a focally elevated duct change of approximately 4.5 mm at the distal tip of the stent, and peroral pancreatoscopy was performed. The elevated ductal change was identified as a clear villiform‐like nodular mucosal change with the spread of pale papillary and granular mucosa. Reassessment after stent removal showed an improvement in the elevated mucosal lesion, with residual discoloration and mucosal retraction suggestive of scarring. The stent may cause irreversible changes, undetectable morphologically by pancreatography, likely underestimating stent‐induced ductal change in chronic pancreatitis.
Symbiont Community Changes Confer Fitness Benefits for Larvae in a Vertically Transmitting Coral
Authors: Olivares‐Cordero Daniel , Timmons Courtney , Kenkel Carly D. , Quigley Kate M.
Published: January 2025

Coral reefs worldwide are threatened by increasing ocean temperatures because of the sensitivity of the coral‐algal symbiosis to thermal stress. Reef‐building corals form symbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae), including those species which acquire their initial symbiont complement predominately from their parents. Changes in the composition of symbiont communities, through the mechanisms of symbiont shuffling or switching, can modulate the host's thermal limits. However, the role of shuffling in coral acclimatization to heat is understudied in coral offspring and to date has largely focused on the adults. To quantify potential fitness benefits and consequences of changes in symbiont communities under a simulated heatwave in coral early life‐history stages, we exposed larvae and juveniles of the widespread, vertically transmitting coral, Montipora digitata, to heat stress (32°C) and tracked changes in their growth, survival, photosynthetic efficiency, and symbiont community composition over time relative to controls. We found negative impacts from warming in all fitness‐related traits, which varied significantly among larval families and across life‐history stages. Larvae that survived heat exposure exhibited changes in symbiont communities that favored symbionts that are canonically more stress tolerant. Compared to larvae, juveniles showed more rapid mortality under heat stress and their symbiont communities were largely fixed regardless of temperature treatment, suggesting an inability to alter their symbiont community as an acclimatory response to heat stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that capacity for symbiont shuffling may be modified through ontogeny, and that the juvenile life stage may be less flexible and more at risk from climate warming in this species.
Human presence shifts the landscape of fear for a free‐living mammal
Authors: Ortiz‐Jimenez Chelsea A. , Conroy Sophie Z. , Person Erin S. , DeCuir Jasper , Gall Gabriella E. C. , Sih Andrew , Smith Jennifer E.
Published: January 2025

Humans may play a key role in providing small prey mammals spatial and temporal refuge from predators, but few studies have captured the heterogeneity of these effects across space and time. Global COVID‐19 lockdown restrictions offered a unique opportunity to investigate how a sudden change in human presence in a semi‐urban park impacted wildlife. Here, we quantify how changes in the spatial distributions of humans and natural predators influenced the landscape of fear for the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) in a COVID‐19 pandemic (2020) and non‐COVID (2019) year. We used a structural equation modeling approach to explore the direct and indirect effects of human presence, predator presence, and habitat features on foraging that reflected fear responses (e.g., giving‐up densities [GUDs], number of foragers, and average food intake rate while at food patches). In 2019, humans and dogs had moderate effects on GUDs; squirrels were less fearful (lower GUDs) in areas frequently visited by humans and dogs, but the effects of raptors were weak. In contrast, in 2020, the effects of humans and dogs on GUDs were weak; squirrels were more fearful of high raptor activity, open sky, and ground cover. In both years, squirrels farthest from refuge were the most risk‐averse. Overall, our analyses revealed an increase in perceived risk from natural predators in 2020 associated with a change in the concentration of human presence. Thus, risk‐sensitive foraging was dynamic across space and time, depending on a complex interplay among human and dog activity, natural predators, and microhabitat features. Our findings elucidate the myriad ways humans directly and indirectly influence animal perception of safety and danger.
Highly Ion‐Conductive 3D Hybrid Solid Polymer Electrolyte Using Al‐Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 Embedded Electrospun 3D Nanowebs for Ambient‐Temperature All‐Solid Lithium Polymer Batteries
Authors: Biressaw Getachew Mengesha , Nguyen Tien Manh , Kim Do Youb , Kim Dong Wook , Suk Jungdon , Kang Yongku
Published: January 2025

Solid polymer electrolytes have garnered significant attention for lithium batteries because of their flexibility and safety. However, poor ionic conductivity, lithium dendrite formation, and high impedance hinder their practical application. In this study, a thin, flexible, 3D hybrid solid electrolyte (3DHSE) is prepared by in situ thermal cross‐linking polymerization with electrospun 3D nanowebs. The 3DHSE comprises Al‐doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (ALLZO) embedded in electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) nonwoven 3D nanowebs and an in situ cross‐linked polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based solid polymer electrolyte. The 3DHSE exhibits high tensile strength (6.55 MPa), a strain of 40.28%, enhanced ionic conductivity (7.86 × 10−4 S cm−1), and a superior lithium‐ion transference number (0.76) to that of the PVDF‐HFP‐based solid polymer electrolyte (PSPE). This enables highly stable lithium plating/stripping cycling for over 900 h at 25 °C with a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. The LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM811)/3DHSE/Li cell has a higher capacity (140.56 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) than the NCM811/PSPE/Li cell (124.88 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) at 25 °C. The 3DHSE enhances mechanical properties, stabilizes interfacial contact, improves ion transport, prevents NCM811 cracking, and significantly boosts cycling performance. This study highlights the potential of the 3DHSE as a candidate for advanced lithium polymer battery technology.
Spatio‐Temporal Change of Skin and Oral Microbiota: A Longitudinal Study of Microbial Diversity and Stability
Authors: Zhang Han , Chen Anqi , Li Shilin , Chen Kaiqin , You Xuechun , Bian Yingnan , Li Chengtao , Liu Shiquan , Huang Jiang , Zhang Suhua
Published: January 2025

The human skin and oral cavity harbor complex microbial communities, which exist in dynamic equilibrium with the host's physiological state and the external environment. This study investigates the microbial atlas of human skin and oral cavities using samples collected over a 10‐month period, aiming to assess how both internal and external factors influence the human microbiome. We examined bacterial community diversity and stability across various body sites, including palm and nasal skin, saliva, and oral epithelial cells, during environmental changes and a COVID‐19 pandemic. The skin microbiome was confirmed to display spatial and temporal stability compared to the oral microbiome, particularly the oral epithelium, which was susceptible to changes in the host's physiological state and immune response. Moreover, significant differences in the microbial community structure among the 4 sample types were observed, and 87 distinct bacteria biomarkers were identified. The random forest prediction model achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 95.24% across the four types of samples studied. Additionally, nasal skin samples showed significant promise for individual identification through profiling the skin microbiota. These findings highlight the potential of skin and oral microbiota as forensic markers for inferring body sites and identifying individuals. In summary, despite facing limitations such as a small cohort size and the need for broader validation, this research provides an overall perspective and initial insights for refining experimental designs and conducting in‐depth research in various microbial research fields.
Computer Simulation of Sulfated Cyclodextrin–Based Enantioselective Separation of Weak Bases With Partial, High‐Concentration Filling of the Chiral Selector and Analyte Detection on the Cathodic Side
Authors: Sandbaumhüter Friederike A. , Thormann Wolfgang
Published: January 2025

Computer simulation was utilized to characterize the electrophoretic processes occurring during the enantioselective capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) analysis of ketamine, norketamine, and hydroxynorketamine in a system with partial filling of the capillary with 19 mM (equals 5%) of highly sulfated γ‐cyclodextrin (HS‐γ‐CD) and analyte detection on the cathodic side. Provided that the sample is applied without or with a small amount of the chiral selector, analytes become quickly focused and separated in the thereby formed HS‐γ‐CD gradient at the cathodic end of the sample compartment. This gradient broadens with time, remains stationary, and gradually reduces its span from the lower side due to diffusion such that analytes with high affinity to the anionic selector become released onto the other side of the focusing gradient where anionic migration and defocusing occur concomitantly. The analytes that remain focused until the migrating HS‐γ‐CD concentration boundary arrives at the cathodic end of the sample compartment become gradually released into the cathodic part and migrate in the absence of HS‐γ‐CD toward the detector. This behavior is dependent on the length of the HS‐γ‐CD zone in the cathodic part of the electrophoretic column, the initial sample zone length, and the sample matrix. The data presented reveal the possibility that only one of the enantiomers of an analyte migrates toward the detector, whereas the other is lost for the analysis, or that both enantiomers migrate toward the cathode but do not separate. Enantiomer separation followed by migration toward the cathode can only be achieved for analytes with rather low complexation constants, such as hydroxynorketamine assessed in this work, and is dependent on the slope of the HS‐γ‐CD focusing gradient. The gained insights illustrate that dynamic simulation is an indispensable tool to investigate electrophoretic processes of complex systems.
Assessing the impact of different solvents in the bacterial reverse mutation test
Authors: Patel Satyam N. , Kajavadara Chetan K. , Shukla Rushikesh M. , Valani Darshan T. , Bhatt Laxit K. , Sundar Rajesh , Jain Mukul R.
Published: January 2025

The bacterial reverse mutation test is essential for identifying the mutagenic potential of chemicals. The solubility of the test substance is vital for achieving the recommended assay concentration. Preferred solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide and water are chosen for their compatibility and historical data. Selecting a compatible solvent with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA strains, considering a maximum cytotoxic concentration or the limit of 5 mg/plate, can be challenging. This study assessed various solvents, including N,N‐dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, 95% ethanol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methanol, P‐dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethylacetamide, as alternative solvents in the AMES test. Results showed all solvents, except tetrahydrofuran, were compatible at concentrations up to 100 μL/plate or more, as they did not inhibit S9 enzymes, bacterial growth, or alter bacterial revertant colony counts, making them suitable for the bacterial reverse mutation test.
Crop Diversification for Ensuring Sustainable Agriculture, Risk Management and Food Security
Authors: Mihrete Tesfahun Belay , Mihretu Fasikaw Belay
Published: January 2025

Agriculture faces growing challenges from climate change, pest pressures, and market instability. Crop diversification offers a sustainable strategy to enhance resilience and reduce the risks of monoculture. This review examines crop diversification as a response to these challenges, with a focus on its applications in sustainable agriculture, risk management, and food security. Strategies such as spatial, temporal, genetic, and intercropping diversification enhance soil health, improve pest management, and boost resilience to climate variability. The review highlights key principles, including ecological resilience, risk distribution, and resource optimization. By adopting diverse crops, farmers can mitigate soil degradation, reduce pest outbreaks, and stabilize incomes. Successful case studies from various regions, such as integrated rice‐fish farming and agroforestry, demonstrate how diversification can improve productivity and sustainability. However, challenges remain, such as knowledge gaps, market access issues, and policy limitations. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and policy interventions, stressing the need for tailored diversification strategies, better support systems, and further exploration of innovative practices. This overview underscores the potential of crop diversification to build resilient, sustainable agricultural systems while addressing global food security concerns.
Solar Drying for Domestic and Industrial Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Innovations and Efficiency Enhancements
Authors: Rahman Md Atiqur , Hasnain S. M. Mozammil , Paramasivam Prabhu , Zairov Rustem , Ayanie Abinet Gosaye
Published: January 2025

Global challenges such as energy scarcity and food security are intensified by a growing population and substantial post‐harvest food losses, contributing to alarming hunger levels. Solar drying is recognized as an effective, high‐quality, and sustainable method for food preservation, significantly aiding global food security. Dryers are essential in agriculture and the food industry for extending crop shelf life by removing moisture through thermal energy, with solar thermal energy being particularly suitable due to its environmental benefits and availability. This article reviews the classification of solar dryers, including direct (DSD), indirect (ISD), and hybrid (HSD) systems, examining key components like solar collectors, drying chambers, and auxiliary systems and the factors affecting their performance. The review highlights that the efficiency of solar dryers depends on dryer type, solar irradiation, drying duration, and operational conditions. Recent advancements to enhance solar dryers' energy efficiency include hybrid systems incorporating auxiliary heating sources (electric or biomass), solar‐assisted heat pump dryers, surface modification techniques, and heat storage systems utilizing sensible and latent heat storage. Findings suggest that HSD with auxiliary units can achieve up to 54% efficiencies, while solar collectors can reach up to 81%, yielding better product quality than traditional ones.
Amoxicillin Concentrations in Samples of Musculoskeletal Infections
Authors: Erdmann Joana , Kuehl Richard , Morgenstern Mario , Bumann Dirk , Clauss Martin , Khanna Nina , Rentsch Katharina M.
Published: January 2025

Amoxicillin is a frequently used beta‐lactam antibiotic and at the same time a fragile analyte. Aim of this work was to investigate the sensitive properties of amoxicillin in biological samples and validate a quantification method for amoxicillin in soft tissue samples. Simple protein precipitation and 2D‐High performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used for sample preparation and analysis. The formation of a covalent amoxicillin methanol‐adduct could be observed in varying extents depending on matrix and sample preparation method. In‐Source Products (ISPs) were investigated in plasma, soft tissue, and water and no differences could be observed. We successfully validated a method for amoxicillin determination in tissue samples using the sum of 2 ISPs of amoxicillin for quantification. 37 study samples of different deep‐seated infections could be analyzed. Measured amoxicillin concentrations ranged from below 0.5 mg/kg up to 87 mg/kg. Concentrations in abscesses were lower than in other infections.
Developing Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool for Health System: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Najar Ali Vafaee , Gorji Damoon , Ardabili Hoorang Nazari , Pourshirazi Maryam , Houshmand Elaheh
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

The role of the healthcare system in the provision, maintenance, and promotion of public health is associated with handling healthcare complaints. This notion as the principle of accountability requires the authorities' attention. This study aimed to develop the Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool (HCAT) in Iran.

Methods

Following a comprehensive review of the country and field studies conducted in the Medical System Organization and Universities of Medical Sciences, the features of patients' complaints were extracted from medical centers and hospitals. Then, experts who were experienced in health and medical areas localized HCAT through translation and re‐translation process using the Delphi technique. Finally, the healthcare complaints were classified according to the localized HCAT components.

Result

Using HCAT showed that in Iran's healthcare system, complaints were related to relative frequency and percentage of all types of complaints. However, there is a lack of a mechanized registration system, investigation, analysis, and classification of healthcare complaints.

Conclusions

Providing medical centers with such a system by the ministry of health and mandatory reporting of complaints may lead to coding complaints, measure the severity of complaints, service monitoring and organizational learning.
Catheter‐Related Bloodstream Infections Among Hemodialysis Patients in Northern Tanzania: Insights From a Single‐Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Costantine Andrea R. , Urasa Sarah J. , Sadiq Abid M. , Shao Elichilia R. , Lyamuya Furaha S. , Niccodem Elieishiupendo M. , Kamabu Eugénie M. , Maro Venance P. , Mkwizu Elifuraha W. , Chamba Nyasatu G. , Furia Francis F. , Mirai Tumaini E. , Nziku Eliada B. , Eliah Doreen T. , Muhina Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim , Raza Faryal M. , Mitao Modesta P. , Kilonzo Kajiru G.
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

A catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a life‐threatening complication of hemodialysis. It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality and a costly long hospital stay. Despite its burden, little is known about the factors associated with it and the antibiogram of its responsible causative bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants of hemodialysis CRBSI and the appropriate antibiogram for the isolated bacterial pathogens among patients attending the KCMC hemodialysis unit.

Methods

A hospital‐based retrospective analytical cross‐sectional study involved adult patients with CKD or AKI undergoing hemodialysis at KCMC with tunneled or non‐tunneled central venous catheters who attended from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Data were collected from the hospital's electronic medical record system. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with CRBSI. A p‐value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 286 patients were analyzed. The patients were predominantly males (70.6%), and more than half were above 55 years old (56%), with a mean age of 58 (SD ± 14.8) years. 56.6% developed CRBSI and were predominantly gram‐positive (69.7%). Major associated factors were hypoalbuminemia of < 35 g/dL, diabetes mellitus, anemia of hemoglobin < 10 g/dL, and having a femoral central venous catheter. For gram‐positive bacteria, the most efficient antibiotic was vancomycin, with an overall average efficacy of 99% for all isolates. For gram‐negative bacteria, the most efficient antibiotic was meropenem, with an overall average efficacy of 82.1% for all isolates.

Conclusion

Over 50% of patients developed CRBSI and gram‐positive bacteria were the major causative bacteria. Associated factors were multifactorial and preventive care would be ideal to reduce the number of CRBSI based on these findings.
Evaluation of the Value of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Cell Morphology in Determining the Histogenesis of Pancreatic Lesions With Review of Literature, Overview and Cytological Experience of 25 Years: Original Research
Authors: Bisharah Soudah , Mahmoud Abbas
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Benign lesions, inflammation, cysts and pseudocysts, as well as neoplasms of the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas can be easily identified using cytological methods. The sensitivity and specificity can be increased with the help of additional examination methods. The sensitivity of intraoperative rapid cytology reaches about 99%. In the literature, the sensitivity reaches an average of about 85% for biopsies. The method is easy to use, has very low complication rates (1%–2%) and is safe for the patient.

Methods

1290 cytological samples from pancreatic lesions were processed in the institute of pathology at Hannover Medical School (MHH), as cytological smears and stained with Giemsa and PAS stains as conventional methods. They were compared with the histological specimens that were processed at the same institute. Immunocytochemistry and molecularpathology have been processed only in selected cases. In general, it is routine in the university that the patients give their written consent to participate in clinical studies. The local ethics committee has stated that there is no need for approval due to the retrospective nature of the study.

Results

In this work, we detected 20.077% malignant lesions, 63.333% benign findings and inflammation, 7.441% pseudocysts and cysts. About 9.147% samples were unrepresentative due to insufficient number of cells.

Conclusion

This work will highlight the importance of fine aspiration cytology (FNAC) of suspicious pancreatic lesions, its possibilities and limitations in routine diagnostics with discussing the differential diagnoses, pointing to its great value and safety for patients. FNAC is the gold standard, its power is strongly associated with high specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions, and is very useful in the differential diagnosis between malignant and inflammatory lesions in pancreas.
Numerical Study of the Three‐Dimensional Interfacial Instability of MHD Between Parallel Plates
Authors: Hussain Zakir , Ali Mehboob , Zuev Sergei , Khan Waqar Azeem , Elhosiny Ali H. , Al‐Buriahi M. S.
Published: January 2025

The stability of interfacial flows between electrically conducting fluids is a critical factor in various industrial and natural processes, such as metallurgical casting, magnetohydrodynamic power systems, and geophysical fluid dynamics. This study aims to investigate the linear interfacial stability of two conducting fluids confined between solid planes, focusing on the effects of an applied magnetic field on the lower plate. It seeks to understand how parameters like the Hartmann number, oblique angle, load parameter, and electrical conductivity influence flow stability and velocity profiles. The governing partial differential equations for the flow are derived using fluid mechanics principles and appropriate boundary conditions. Linear stability analysis is employed to analyze the system, leading to the Orr–Sommerfeld equations. These equations are solved numerically using the Chebyshev collocation method in MATLAB to explore the magnetic field's influence.
Simultaneous passivation of surface and bulk defects in all‐perovskite tandem solar cells using bifunctional lithium salts
Authors: Yun Yeonghun , Vidyasagar Devthade , Kim Sunwoo , Yang Sung Woong , Im Doyun , Gunasekaran Rajendra Kumar , Lee Sangheon , Jung Jina , Choi Won Chang , Chung Roy Byung Kyu , Kim Dong Hoe , Park Ji‐Sang , Lee Sangwook
Published: January 2025

All‐perovskite tandem solar cells have garnered considerable attention because of their potential to outperform single‐junction cells. However, charge recombination losses within narrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskite subcells hamper the advancement of this technology. Herein, we introduce a lithium salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), for modifying NBG perovskites. Interestingly, LiTFSI bifunctionally passivates the surface and bulk of NBG by dissociating into Li+ and TFSI− ions. We found that TFSI− passivates halide vacancies on the perovskite surface, reducing nonradiative recombination, while Li+ acts as an interstitial n‐type dopant, mitigating the defects of NBG perovskites and potentially suppressing halide migration. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of LiTFSI passivation was investigated through the density functional theory calculations. Accordingly, LiTFSI facilitates charge extraction and extends the charge carrier lifetime, resulting in an NBG device with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.04% (certified PCE of 21.42%) and an exceptional fill factor of 81.92%. This enables the fabrication of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells with PCEs of 27.47% and 26.27% for aperture areas of 0.0935 and 1.02 cm2, respectively.

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Removal of malachite green dye by adsorption onto chitosan‐montmorillonite nanocomposite: Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies
Authors: Çetin Mert , Ozudogru Yeliz
Published: January 2025

In this study, the efficiencies of chitosan, montmorillonite, and chitosan/montmorillonite composites in various ratios for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions were investigated, and their maximum adsorption capacities were compared, and the effects of factors such as composite concentration, pH, contact time, dye concentration, and temperature were examined. Recovery attempts using different chemicals were also performed. Adsorption was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and thermodynamic analyses were conducted. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were used to investigate surface changes. The highest adsorption capacity was found for the 20% chitosan/montmorillonite composite (400 mg g−1). Temperature studies indicated a decrease in adsorption capacity with increasing temperature. Kinetic studies observed that the data fit the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model better. In recovery attempts, more than 95% recovery was achieved with HNO3 and HCl. FTIR results showed that chitosan–montmorillonite interactions involved ‐NH, ‐OH, C=O, and C‐O bonds, while dye binding was mainly through OH bonds. SEM analysis revealed that montmorillonite reduced surface cracks and roughness, creating a more homogeneous structure, and more rough areas appeared after dye binding. As a result, the chitosan/montmorillonite composite significantly enhanced dye adsorption capacity.
“Coming Home Is the Hardest Part”: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Sense Making in Military Postdeployment Reintegration
Authors: Luethke Tiffani N. , Thompson Herb L. , Folk Gwendolynn
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the present interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study was to understand how military service members and veterans (MSMVs) make sense of their reintegration experiences following deployment. IPA provides the ability to gain a deeper understanding of a shared experience, or phenomenon, such as reintegration following deployment. Data collection involved semi‐structured interviews via Zoom. Participants included seven men and three women who met eligibility criteria. The present study provides important insights into how MSMVs make sense of their reintegration experiences following deployment through exploration of transitional challenges, transitional support aspects, and growth through deployment experiences, as well as the urgent need for comprehensive community‐based, growth‐focused initiatives to support their reintegration following deployment.
Pericarpium Trichosanthis Inhibits TGF‐β1‐Smad3 Pathway‐Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Heart Failure Rats via Upregulation of microRNA‐29b
Authors: He Yue , Dai Meng‐shi , Tao Li‐yu , Gu Xinsheng , Wang Hao , Liu Ping
Published: January 2025

Cardiac dysfunction and adverse consequences induced by cardiac fibrosis have been well documented. However, the cardiac fibrosis pathway in chronic heart failure (CHF) remains unclear, and it is therefore necessary to conduct further research for the sake of developing more effective therapeutic strategies for CHF. Some recent studies suggest that Pericarpium Trichosanthis (PT) may help improve the progression of fibrotic diseases. To validate this possibility, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the effect of PT on cardiac fibrosis and explore the hidden mechanism. In the experiment, we induced cardiac fibrosis in rats by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. The findings revealed that PT reduced myocardial fibrosis and increased cardiac activity in CHF rats receiving LAD ligation. In addition, the TGF‐β1 level was decreased, and the miR‐29b expression was increased in CHF rats after PT treatment. Our in vitro experiment also demonstrated that PT treatment suppressed fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by TGF‐β1， and at the same time decreased the TGF‐β1 level and increased the miR‐29b expression. We further verified that this action was correlated with the TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling pathway. We also observe that miR‐29b could suppress the TGF‐β1 expression, and the suppression of miR‐29b weakened the anti‐fibrotic effect of PT. This suggests that PT could cure cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction both in vitro and in vivo via the TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling pathway, while miR‐29b may participate in this action.
Identification of pollen types of beekeeping interest by non‐targeted mass spectrometry
Authors: Leoni Valeria , Kast Christina , Bütikofer Ueli , Giupponi Luca , Portmann Reto
Published: January 2025

Background

The identification of pollen is important in the field of beekeeping for the determination of the botanical origin of bee products and investigations of bee diet. Until now, it has been performed by melissopalynology, the microscopic examination of pollen grains. However, this technique has some limitations, such as the necessity of experienced analysts and identification restricted to the family level for some pollen types. Although many techniques have been proposed as alternatives or complements to melissopalynology and omics techniques have been explored to gather information on the botanical origin of honey, no study has yet been conducted on a large set of pollen types.

Results

The study dataset consisted of 34 different pollen types of pellets collected by honeybees in Switzerland and analyzed in multiple biological replications, leading to 150 observations. The pollen samples were analyzed after tryptic digestion using a non‐targeted mass spectrometry‐based method. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was employed to identify pollen, and melissopalynology was used as a reference method for the identification. We built an OPLS‐DA prediction model for the 34 pollen types. The model clearly identified new samples in their membership group (Acer sp., n = 10) and a new pollen type at the species‐specific level for Quercus sp. Less predictable results were achieved for Composita H and pollen collected directly from the plant.

Conclusion

The use of a non‐targeted mass spectrometry‐based method and chemometrics resulted in a promising tool for pollen identification as a replacement/supplement method to traditional melissopalynology.
Adsorption Performance and Mechanistic Pathways of Raw Powdered Pine Cone Toward the Removal of Dye and Cr(VI)
Authors: Wahiba Mecibah , Souad Bouasla , Mouna Cherifi , Djellabi Ridha , Nabila Boutemine , Djilani Chahrazed , Ferial Krid , Fayçal Djazi
Published: January 2025

This work aims to valorize pine cones powder (PCP), an agricultural waste, as a bioadsorbent for the removal of a cationic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), and hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR), and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) spectroscopy. Adsorption studies were carried out in a batch mode under different operating parameters like initial solution pH (2–11), adsorbent dosage (0.025–0.6 g), initial contaminant concentration (20–100 mg/L), temperature (283–328K), contact time (0–120 min), and ionic strength (NaCl, MgCl2, CuSO4, Na2SO4, and FeCl3). The optimum conditions for adsorption for Cr(VI) were; ([Cr(VI)] = 30 mg/L, pH = 2, adsorbent dose = 1.5 g/L, T = 25°C), and for RhB: ([RhB] = 30 mg/L, pH = 4.6, adsorbent dose = 4 g/L, T = 25°C). Under these conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities reached were 19.861 and 6.565 mg/g, for Cr(VI) and RhB, respectively. The inhibiting effect of the studied salts on RhB dye and metal ion removal is as follows: FeCl3 > CuSO4> MgCl2> Na2SO4> NaCl. The Freundlich isotherm described the best the adsorption of Cr (VI) and RhB onto PCP, since it gave the highest R2 values (R2 ≥ 0.983) associated with the lowest error values (χ2, RMSE, and Δq). The calculated Dubinin–Radushkevich mean energy (E) is less than 8 kJ/mol. It is 3.391 kJ/mol for Cr(VI) and 2.310 kJ/mol for RhB sorption, respectively, confirming the physical character of adsorption onto PCP sorbent. Experimental data for Cr(VI) and RhB ion adsorption onto PCP, fitted well the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model (R2 ≥ 0.997). According to the thermodynamic analysis, the retention of Cr(VI) and RhB followed a physisorption, endothermic, and spontaneous process at all temperatures for Cr(VI), and at higher temperatures for RhB dye. These results suggest that raw PCP may be envisaged as a promising biosorbent for water remediation without the need of costly heat and activation processes as a cheap and sustainable adsorption process.
Soil Degradation of Sloping Cropland in the Typical Black Soil Region in Northeast China: Risk Assessment and Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Zhang Shouhao , Sun Lei , Jamshidi Abdul Hakim , Niu Yong , Fan Zhaofei , Zhang Hongda , Liu Xia , Gao Lei
Published: January 2025

Soil degradation in the typical black soil region in Northeast China poses a threat to agricultural productivity and sustainability. However, little is known about the distribution of soil with different degradation degrees on a regional scale. This study aimed to map soil degradation status based on a newly developed soil degradation index (SDI) and assessed the uncertainty of degradation risk through the combination of ordinary Kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) in order to enhance the accuracy and credibility of predictive results. The mean SDI was 0.445, with a coefficient of variation of 30%. The realization with 200 times by SGS was the best showed an increasing pattern of soil degradation degree from north to south in the study area. Slightly and moderately degraded sloping cropland accounted for 35.3% and 52.4% of all sloping cropland, respectively. High‐risk areas were mainly located in the Daxing'an and Changbai Mountains to the Songnen Plain. Proactive measures are necessary to control and mitigate further degradation by improving soil management and weakening the impact of runoff on sloping cropland. The developed risk assessment maps provide baseline information for regional sustainable development.
Spatiotemporal Response Relationships Between Changes in Water Conservation Service and Landscape Pattern in Zoige Plateau, China
Authors: Tang Xinhua , Zhuo Majie , Zhou Mecuo , Guo Shengmei , Gong Chunshan , Wang Jun , Yang Hao
Published: January 2025

Understanding the link between landscape pattern and water conservation service (WCS) is crucial for effective water resource conservation and landscape planning. However, the impact of landscape configuration on WCS remains unclear. This study explored the spatiotemporal relationships between WCS and landscape pattern in the Zoige Plateau (ZP), a vital waterhead of the yellow river, from 1990 to 2020. The results showed that woodland and high‐coverage grassland exhibited the highest WCS capacity and contributed the greatest to total WCS, suggesting the importance of protecting coverage and area of woodland and grassland. From 1990 to 2020, the areas of high‐ and medium‐coverage grasslands significantly decreased, implying adverse effects of landscape composition changes on ZP's WCS during the past few decades. The effects of landscape configuration metrics on WCS exhibited significant variability across years, climate scenarios and regions, highlighting the significant role of climatic and underlying surface. Under realistic climatic scenarios, for greater WCS, in most parts of the western and northern ZP, which negatively correlated with aggregation index, patch density, and mean fractal dimension index but positively correlated with shannon's diversity index, it is better to increase the proportion of large patches, reduce landscape fragmentation, and maintain diverse patch types. Conversely, in southeastern part of the central ZP, where WCS showed an opposite correlation with the aforementioned metrics, maintaining simpler patch type diversity and higher landscape connectivity may be useful. These findings provided important insights for identifying sensitive areas where landscape pattern changes affect WCS and optimizing landscapes to sustain ZP's WCS.
Recyclable Millable Polyurethane based on Enaminone Bonds With Upcycled Mechanical Performance
Authors: Li Xinyu , Ning Nanying , Yu Bing , Tian Ming
Published: January 2025

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) exhibits re‐processable properties, but the properties of TPU is deteriorated during the reprocessing for the oxidation and degradation of polymer chains. Meanwhile, although thermoset polyurethane exhibits excellent mechanical properties, it cannot be recycled for permanent crosslinking. Hence, it's still a challenge to obtain PU which exhibits the balance between the recyclability and mechanical properties. In this work, a new dynamic bond obtained from the reaction between enaminone and isocyanate is used to prepare re‐processable millable polyurethane, and the morphology of network can be tuned via the dissociation of the cross‐linked sites of PU. Interestingly, the cross‐linked network can transform into a linear polymer by adding the amine which can be used when reacted with isocyanate to generate new re‐crosslinked PU. This process can be carried out in a Haake mixer without any solvents. The mechanical properties of the re‐crosslinked polyurethane can be tuned via the controlling of the amine and isocyanate addition, and the maximum tensile strength increase by 178.4% after processing for four times, realizing mechanical reinforcement after recycling. This kind of recycling achieves through one‐step melting method in solvent‐free conditions provides a feasible way to prepare recyclable PU with good mechanical performance and customizable properties.
TRIM36 Inhibits the Development of AOM/DSS‐Induced Colitis‐Associated Colorectal Cancer by Promoting the Ubiquitination and Degradation of GRB7
Authors: Wu Ju , Yang Zhengbo , Chen Xi , Hou Shuangshuang , Li Nanbo , Chang Yaoyuan , Yin Jiajun , Xu Jian
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancer types for both sexes. Tripartite motif 36 (TRIM36) has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in several cancer types, suggesting its involvement in cancer progression. However, the role of TRIM36 in the colorectal carcinogenesis remain unknown. In our in vivo experiments, we investigated the role of TRIM36 in AOM/DSS‐induced colitis‐associated carcinogenesis using TRIM36‐knockout (TRIM36 KO) mice. Subsequently, we overexpressed and knocked down TRIM36 expression in two CRC cell lines to further confirm the role of TRIM36 in vitro. The UALCAN database revealed a significant decrease in TRIM36 levels in CRC tissues, including colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma. A significant correlation was observed between TRIM36 levels and the histological subtype, individual cancer stage, and nodal metastasis status. The downregulation of TRIM36 in CRC tissues was further confirmed using our own collected clinical specimens. Low expression of TRIM36 was found to be associated with unfavorable overall survival and recurrence‐free survival in CRC. TRIM36 KO promoted inflammation, inhibited autophagy, and facilitated the development of AOM/DSS‐induced CRC. TRIM36 overexpression inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, while activated autophagy in CRC cells. TRIM36 directly bound to and regulated the ubiquitination of GRB7 protein. The tumor‐suppressive role of TRIM36 in CRC cells was mediated by GRB7. The TRIM36/GRB7 axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.