bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capacities of formal methods in objectivization of epileptic severity dynamics
Authors: Karlov V. A. , Vlasov P. N. , Khabibova А. О.
Published: September 2021

There was analyzed dynamics of morbidity in 65 epileptic patients with the help of severity scale of epileptic seizures, accounting method of recovering percentage, index of quality of life. The highest value on scale was obtained during complex partial seizures, transferring into secondly generalized (15 points), the lowest during typical absentia epileptica (1 point). When mixing some epileptic seizures the total sum of points achieved 34 points. Percentage of improvements was counted in 6 months after correction of therapy. Quality of life was evaluated by 5-point analogue scale, developed by the authors and tested in temporal epilepsy.
Morphological and functional investigation of brain tumors, followed by convulsive syndrome, when treated by lamiktal
Authors: Savchenko A. J. , Semchenko V. V.
Published: September 2021

Taken into view factors, enfluencing the formation of destructive, reparative and compensatory processes, proceeding in brain of epileptic patients with neuroectodermal tumors. Durable clinical observation, CT examination at different stages of disease, electronic and microscopic study of perifocal zone of brain during surgery allowed to reveal a number of mechanisms, preventing realization of anticonvulsive action of lamiktal in paroxysmal conditions of such patients.
Topical electtrophysiological diagnosis of temporal epilepsy and stereotaxic therapeutic stimulation
Authors: Solovykh N. N. , Korotkov А. G.
Published: September 2021

Results of complex clinical electrophysiological examination of 110 patients with temporal epilepsy, who underwent implantation of electrodes into different brain structures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, are presented. It has been found that limbico-temporal structures at the moment of sezure development are functioning as united functional system with predominant involvement of amigdala into ep. ileptogenesis. It is illustrated, that low-frequency electrostimulation of neuronal structures of temporal lobe, surrounding epileptic foci, can exert antiepileptic clinical electrophysiological effect.
State of adaptational-compensatory mechanisms in children with temporal epilepsy and their correction via transorbital electrophoresis with gamma-oxy-butyric acid
Authors: Chetina Е. A.
Published: September 2021

It is shown, that in temporal epilepsy there exists dysfunction of adaptational-compensatory mechanisms, leading to intensification of epileptic process. Their optimization via transorbital electrophoresis with gamma-oxy-butyric acid promotes to activation of sanogenetic mechanisms of epilepsy.
Peculiarities of clinics and pathogenesis of Diphtheria polyneuropathies in children
Authors: Skripchenko N. V. , Sorokina М. N. , Zheleznikova G. F. , Melnikova А. V. , Komantsev V. N. , Vilnits А. А.
Published: September 2021

85 children with diphtheria complicated by diphtheric polyneuropathy (DPN) underwent clinical-instrumental examination. The dependence of incidence of DPN progression on the degree of primary intoxication has been determined. In toxic forms characterized by prolonged immunosuppression, multiwave course and in local forms onewave course of DPN takes place.
Paroxysmal hypokinetic conditions DURING MYASTHENIA
Authors: Osetrov B. A. , Zhulev N. M. , Saykova L. А. , Kosachev V. D. , Dementyeva L. N. , Polyakova L. A. , Zavolokov I. G.
Published: September 2021

There determined basic factors, inducing paroxysmal hypokinetic conditios. There given clinical characteristics of generalized and partial miasthenic crises of different severity. It was observed extremely divergent course of myasthenic crisis. It was developed a scheme of urgent measures, directed at supporting an adequate pulmonary ventilation and stabilizing of hemodynamical disorders.
A case of a combination of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with chromosomal mosaicism 45.X / 46.XX
Authors: Tulskaya М. P. , Yudina G. K.
Published: September 2021

The paper is concerned with a case history of a girl with a rare combination of 2 rare anomalies monosomia by X chromosome and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Mosaicism 45,X/46,XX in a girl with a mild picture of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy was confirmed by a study of the kariotype in lymphocytes of the peripheral blood.
Exteroceptive suppression in facial hyperkineses and dystonias
Authors: Judelson Y. B. , Gribova N. Р.
Published: September 2021

On the basis of study of results of exteroceptive suppression parameters in 140 patients with different variants of facial hyperkineses the state of reflex inhibitory neuronal chains was defined more precisely. Received data may be used in process selection and monitoring of therapy and promote to understanding of facial musculature dyskinesia forming mechanisms.
About some unused reserves of the scientific heritage of V.M. Ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Popelyansky Yakov Y.
Published: September 2021

In the choice of the topic and direction of scientific research, along with many objective factors, the psychological attitude of the researcher, his current interests and attitude to this topic play an important role. At the same time, the results of the works of famous scientists often pass by the attention of contemporaries and remain unclaimed. Suffice it to refer to the discoveries of GI Mendel, made in 1865-1866. and which attracted attention only in 1900. The scientific heritage of our great compatriot VM Bekhterev is being developed very intensively with a few exceptions.
Disturbance of sleep structure and vegetative regulation during sleep in patients with insult
Authors: Levin Y. I. , Wein А. М. , Gasanov R. L. , Gitlevlch Т. R. , Lesnyak V. N.
Published: September 2021

Peculiarities of night sleep structure and vegetative regulation during sleep in 30 patients with ischemic insult of different localization using clinical, polysomnographic (including vegetative quotient) and psychological methods arestudied. It is shown that structure of night sleep in patiens is considerably changed and this is manifested in lengthening of falling asleep, possibilities of supporting the necessarydurability of sleeping stages and phases. The most significant changes occured in heart rate and arterial pressure, reffecting function of cardiovascular system. The most sharply defined disturbance of sleep structure and vegetative regulation duringsleeping in ischemic insult are correlated with right hemispherical and medial sites of the injury foci. High heartrate and arterial pressure in sleeping (espesially in fast sleep phase), their variability and lowering from the first to the third cycle are prognostically unfavorable.
Influence of video-display terminals (vdt) exposure on mental health of the users
Authors: Amirov N. Kh. , Fatkhutdinova L. М.
Published: September 2021

The article considers a possibility of developing disorders in psychic adaptation of video-display terminals users. Such disorders among the VDT users were more frequent than among people from the control group. It was shown that possibility of such reactions depends on duration of VDT usage. More distinct changes were observed in the group, having been worked with VDT for more than 144 months. People with the less experience of VDT operating (up to 48 hours) are also included in the risk group. Among different professional groupes the largest changes were noticed among programmers, the least among PC operators.
Condition of vegetative regulation in brain concussion in preschool children
Authors: Seliverstova G. A. , Kalashnikovа Т. Р.
Published: September 2021

Peculiarities of infringement of the vegetative status in children, suffered concussion of brain are revealed. Disintegration of activity of vegetative systems was displayed by suppression of ergotropic link, causing insufficient vegetative reaction and inadequate vegetative provision of activity. Interrelation of character of vegetative reaction with terms of remote period was observed. Influence of age of the children, character of medical history, degree of clinical compensation was shown.
Observations of PKKPab Diffraction Waves Well Beyond Cutoff Distance
Authors: Chen Yulin , Ni Sidao , Zhang Baolong
Published: September 2021

The core mantle boundary (CMB) features the most dramatic contrast in the physical properties within the Earth and plays a fundamental role in the understanding of the dynamic evolution of the Earth’s interior. Seismic core phases such as PKKP sample large area of the lowermost mantle and the uppermost core, thus providing valuable information of the velocity structures on both sides of the CMB. Diffraction Waves Well Beyond Cutoff Distance (PKKPab) is one branch of the triplicated PKKP that can be observed beyond its ray theoretical cutoff distance as a result of diffraction along the CMB. The travel time and slowness of the diffracted PKKPab (denoted as PKKPabdiff) can be used to constrain the P-wave velocities at the lowermost mantle, thus have been investigated in numerous studies. Previous results (Rost and Garnero, 2006) suggest that most of the observations of the PKKPabdiff waves are in the epicentral distance range of 95°–105° (minor arc convention) (PKKPabdiff diffraction length less than 10°). However, high-frequency (∼1 Hz) synthetic seismograms show that the PKKPabdiff waveforms could be observable at distance down to 65°, which indicates that the PKKPabdiff signals could be detected at distances less than 95° in observations. To explore the distance ranges in which PKKPabdiff is observable, we collected global three-component broadband waveforms from 246 events with source depth deeper than 100 km and magnitude above M 6 from 2007 to 2017 available at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center. We analyzed the slowness, polarization, and amplitude of the candidate PKKPabdiff signals, and found 95 events with clear PKKPabdiffsignals, with nearly 60% of the events show PKKPabdiff diffraction lengths greater than 10°, and the longest diffraction distance is beyond 20°. These newly identified PKKPabdiff waves would substantially augment the dataset of core phases for improvements of the CMB velocity models.
Noise Levels and Signals Observed on Submarine Fibers in the Canary Islands Using DAS
Authors: Ugalde Arantza , Becerril Carlos , Villaseñor Antonio , Ranero César R. , Fernández-Ruiz María R. , Martin-Lopez Sonia , González-Herráez Miguel , Martins Hugo F.
Published: September 2021

In this study, we investigate 70 days of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) recordings in the Canary Islands using an undersea fiber-optic telecommunication cable that links the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Two DAS interrogators connected to both ends of the cable turned the fiber into an array of 11,968 strain sensors covering a total length of ∼120 km. We present the details of the experiment, noise analysis, and examples of recorded signals. Seismic ambient noise levels assessment indicates poor local coupling of the cable due to the irregular bathymetry that results in high-amplitude acoustic oscillations in some channels. The DAS array recorded several types of nonseismic (vehicles, surface gravity waves, ships) and seismic signals. Local and regional earthquakes were detected with magnitudes mbLg≥2. Surface waves from teleseismic events at a distance of ∼3000 km were also identified in the strain recordings. Here, we report the first observations with DAS of hydroacoustic T waves generated by oceanic earthquakes located at the Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Cape St. Vincent region. Events had magnitudes from Mw 4.2 to 6.9, and the hydroacoustic waves were recorded at epicentral distances from 780 to 3400 km. Our findings show that submarine fiber-optic cables can effectively be used to assess the seismic activity in remote oceanic areas.
The 373 B.C. Helike (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) Earthquake and Tsunami, Revisited
Authors: Stiros Stathis C.
Published: September 2021

Ancient authors report the destruction and drowning in 373 B.C. in the Gulf of Corinth (Greece) of Helike (Helice and Eliki), an important, nearly coastal town, and of Boura (Bura, Buris, Bouris, and Voura), another town in the hinterland, as a punishment by the ancient God Poseidon because of a serious crime committed in his shrine. This narrative has been regarded as a description of a true event, though with some exaggerations, and the 373 B.C. event is included in earthquake and tsunami catalogs. In the first part of this article, it is shown that (1) local natural hazards exclude the possibility (risk) of total loss of the ancient “polis” (town state) of ancient Helike because of its vulnerability due to its geography. (2) Systematic geoarchaeological studies confirm this prediction because they reveal essentially undisturbed archaeological layers predating and postdating 373 B.C., with no signs of a tsunami. (3) Archaeological excavations have recently brought to light, among other findings, remains of the harbor of Boura and of the shrine of Poseidon at Helike, as well as coins issued by Helike several decades after its alleged loss. This evidence permits a reconsideration of ancient texts related to the loss of Helike in a supervised learning-type approach. It was found that genuine ancient Greek texts do not mention any catastrophe of Helike, but rather that the legend of its total loss appeared several centuries later in Roman times, in local legends, rumors, and forged or manipulated ancient texts (e.g., by pseudo-Aristotle). The ancient legend became important because it explained the collapse of the town state of Helike and it fit ancient religious ideas in a tectonically active region because of the rapid burial (“disappearance”) of ancient Greek remains under sediments in a young delta and because of the prominent location of Helike in the seafaring route between Rome and the eastern Mediterranean.

For earthquakes before our era, historical and archaeological data have attracted interpretations… attributing to earthquakes… the demise of flourishing city-states.

…The reason for the revival of catastrophe hypotheses is perhaps that they are easy to explain. They are too simple, too obvious and too coincidental and chiefly because they have become fashionable in recent years. (Ambraseys, 2006)
Rotational Seismology with a Quartz Rotation Sensor
Authors: Venkateswara Krishna , Paros Jerome , Bodin Paul , Wilcock William , Tobin Harold J.
Published: September 2021

We describe the construction and performance of a new high-precision ground- or platform-rotation sensor called the Quartz Rotation Sensor (QRS). The QRS is a mechanical angular accelerometer that senses rotational torque with an inherently digital, load-sensitive resonant quartz crystal. The noise floor is measured to be ∼45 pico-radians/root (Hz) near 1 Hz, and the resonant period of the sensor is about 10 s, making it a broadband sensor. Among similarly sized broadband rotation sensors, this represents more than two orders of magnitude improvement in noise floor near 0.1 Hz. We present measurements of rotational components of teleseismic waves recorded with the sensor at a vault. The QRS is useful for rotational seismology and for improving low-frequency seismic isolation in demanding applications such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatories.
Crustal structure of the Tibetan Plateau: A surface-wave study by a moving window analysis
Authors: Chun Kin-Yip , Yoshii Toshikatsu
Published: September 2021

abstract

Group velocities of fundamental-mode Rayleigh and Love waves are analyzed to construct a crustal structure of the Tibetan Plateau. A moving window analysis is employed to compute group velocities in a wide period range of 7 to 100 sec for 17 individual paths. The crustal models derived from these dispersion data indicate that under the Tibetan Plateau the total crustal thickness is about 70 km and that the crustal velocities are generally low. The low velocities are most probably caused by high temperatures. A low-velocity zone located at an intermediate depth within the crust appears to be strongly demanded by the observed dispersion data.

The main features of the proposed crustal structure will place stringent constraints on future tectonic models of the Tibetan Plateau which is generally regarded as a region of active deformation due to the continent-continent collision between India and Asia.
A scheme for expressing instrumental responses parametrically
Authors: Luh Peter C.
Published: September 2021

abstract

This study shows that, provided a seismic instrument as a whole behaves linearly over its response range, and provided its phase response is known accurately, the instrumental responses can be parametrically expressed in terms of transfer functions of linear systems. The scheme is based on the observation that knowing accurately the detailed overall amplitude and phase responses of a linear instrument is tantamount to knowing all the pertinent constants for the construction of its overall transfer function. Because of generally poor quality of empirical phase calibrations, empirical phases are substituted by minimum phases, calculated via a Hilbert transform of amplitude response. Application of the scheme to actual SRO (LP) and USGS (SP) instruments resulted in sufficiently close agreements between parametric and actual responses to warrant the utility of the scheme.
Generalized ray theory for dipping structure
Authors: Hong Tai-Lin , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: September 2021

In this study we relax the strong limiting condition of parallel layering which is usually assumed in seismic modeling by allowing dipping boundaries. We start with the derivation of generalized ray theory in a wedge-shaped medium with free and rigid boundaries. Then, through the development of the method of equivalent models and de-Hoop contours, we extend the theory to dipping structure with elastic boundaries. The effect of a dipping interface over a half-space for the case of a line source is shown by a series of numerical models which include various angles of dip and source-to-receiver distances. Results for a line source situated below the layer indicate that, when the layer thickens toward the receiver, one obtains a wave form similar to the case where the source is actually in the layer. These features are produced by the combination of forward and backward traveling rays which can have super-critical reflections.
The appearance rate of premonitory uplift
Authors: Wyss Max
Published: September 2021

Sea level data are used to show that 5 to 8 cm of aseismic uplift accumulated in a few months before the Long Beach, Hyuganada, and Peru earthquakes. This uplift rate is an order of magnitude faster than tectonic loading rates. Alternative mechanisms to explain this observation are anelastic creep at depth or dilatancy in a jointed crust. The energy expended during uplift is larger than the seismically radiated energy by approximately a factor of ten.
Phase-matched filters: Application to the study of Rayleigh waves
Authors: Herrin Eugene , Goforth Tom
Published: September 2021

abstract

Phase-matched filters are defined as a class of linear filters in which the Fourier phase of the filter is made equal to that of a given signal. An iterative technique is described which can be used to find a phase-matched filter for a particular seismic signal. The process is then applied to digital records of Rayleigh waves from a synthetic source with propagation across 55° of continental path, an earthquake in the Greenland Sea recorded in Texas, and a nuclear explosion in Novaya Zemlya recorded in New Mexico. Application of the filter allows multiple arrivals to be identified and removed and allows recovery of the complex spectrum of the primary wave train along with its apparent group-velocity dispersion curve. The amplitude spectrum of the primary signal obtained by this linear process is not contaminated by interference from multipath arrivals. The filtering process also provides significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, greater than a factor of four for the Greenland Sea and Novaya Zemlya events.
The February 9, 1971 San Fernando earthquake: A study of source finiteness in teleseismic body waves
Authors: Langston Charles A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Teleseismic P, SV, and SH waves recorded by the WWSS and Canadian networks from the 1971 San Fernando, California earthquake (ML = 6.6) are modeled in the time domain to determine detailed features of the source as a prelude to studying the near and local field strong-motion observations. Synthetic seismograms are computed from the model of a propagating finite dislocation line source embedded in layered elastic media. The effects of source geometry and directivity are shown to be important features of the long-period observations. The most dramatic feature of the model is the requirement that the fault, which initially ruptured at a depth of 13 km as determined from pP-P times, continuously propagated toward the free surface, first on a plane dipping 53°NE, then broke over to a 29°NE dipping fault segment. This effect is clearly shown in the azimuthal variation of both long period P- and SH-wave forms. Although attenuation and interference with radiation from the remainder of the fault are possible complications, comparison of long- and short-period P and short-period pP and P waves suggest that rupture was initially bilateral, or, possibly, strongly unilateral downward, propagating to about 15 km depth. The average rupture velocity of 1.8 km/sec is well constrained from the shape of the long-period wave forms. Total seismic moment is 0.86 × 1026 dyne-cm. Implications for near-field modeling are drawn from these results.
A note on nonequivalent quadrupole source cylindrical shear potentials which give equal displacements
Authors: Harkrider D. G. , Helmberger D. V.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Two standard integral forms of the cylindrical shear potentials for point quadrupole seismic sources, a frequency domain k-integral and a time domain Cagniardde Hoop path p-integral, are shown not to be the frequency-time domain inverse of each other. Their relationship is derived and they are shown to be seismically equivalent in that they yield the same displacement field.
Change in b-values during movement on cut surfaces in granite
Authors: Weeks J. , Lockner D. , Byerlee J.
Published: September 2021

A large granite sample containing a saw cut, modeling a natural fault, was triaxially loaded at confining pressures up to 1000 bars. Fourteen violent slip events accompanied by foreshock and aftershock sequences occurred under constant strain rate loading. From digitally recorded acoustic emission, locations and amplitudes were determined for nearly 8,000 microseismic events.

Plots of log amplitude versus log frequency of microseismic events were drawn for three periods between each slip event, termed foreshock, aftershock, and background. These plots indicate that the b-value is lower during foreshocks than for periods between events, implying increased average amplitude of microseismic activity just before slip. These experimental results suggest that it may be possible to devise an earthquake warning system based on changes in b-values in active tectonic regions. It has been suggested that according to the dilatancy-diffusion model, b-value would decrease prior to earthquakes. In our experiment, however, the rock was dry.
A catalog of instrumentally determined earthquakes in China (magnitude ≧6) compiled from various sources
Authors: Lee W. H. K. , Wu F. T. , Wang S. C.
Published: September 2021

A catalog of instrumentally determined earthquakes in China (magnitude ≧6) from 1901 to 1976 has been compiled in a form suitable for computers. The data include the origin time, epicenter, focal depth, magnitude, the province where the earthquake occurred, and information sources. The source materials which we consulted are extensive and include publications in Chinese and Japanese.
Multivariate autoregressive representation of seismic P-wave signals with application to short-period discrimination
Authors: Sandvin Ottar , Tjøstheim Dag
Published: September 2021

abstract

It is shown that seismic P-wave vector signals as recorded by selected NORSAR subarrays can be described by multivariate parametric models of autoregressive type. These are models having the form

X ¯ ( t ) − A 1 X ¯ ( t − 1 ) − ... − A p X ¯ ( t − p ) = W ¯ ( t )

Where X¯(t) (t) is the digitized short-period vector time series defined by the P-wave signal and W¯(t) (t) is a white noise vector time series. The multivariate autoregressive analysis is undertaken for 83 nuclear explosions and 72 earthquakes from Eurasia. For each event a separate analysis of the main signal and of the coda has been carried through. It is found that in most cases a reasonable statistical fit is obtained using a low-order autoregressive model. The autoregressive parameters characterize the spectral density matrix of the P-wave signal and therefore form a convenient basis for constructing short-period discriminants between earthquakes and explosions. Based on the classification results for our data base of Eurasian events, we find that the multivariate autoregressive parameters have a substantially larger discrimination potential than the short-period parameters suggested earlier in the literature. In fact our results indicate that, based on autoregressive parameters, it may now be possible to construct purely short-period discriminants which are comparable, if not superior, to the mb:Ms criterion.
Observation of 1- to 5-second microtremors and their application to earthquake engineering. Part I: Comparison with long-period accelerations at the Tokachi-oki earthquake of 1968
Authors: Ohta Yutaka , Kagami Hiroshi , Goto Noritoshi , Kudo Kazuyoshi
Published: September 2021

abstract

A study on elucidation of possible amplification characteristic of strong motions due to deep situated deposit was made by means of 1 to 5 sec microtremors observation. At the Tokachi-oki earthquake of 1968 (M=7.9) several accelerograms were obtained, among which some are dominant but others are not significant in longer periods than 1 sec. To understand whether these differences are from source and path effects or site conditions is important for estimating seismic input motions to high-rise buildings. A long-period microtremors observation was introduced to pursue this problem.

Observations were carried out in three cities where the typical acceleration records had been obtained, employing a specially designed instrument good for the microtremors with periods ranging from 0.5 to 6 sec. Each observation line was chosen so as to traverse the accelerograph site along which a remarkable geological change of the underground structure is expected, for example, from the outcrop of bedrock to the alluvial deposit.

Through comparison of the obtained spectra and their peaks with those derived from the strong-motion records, it was derived that their predominancy and predominant period in the long-period range are clearly responsible to the presence of deep situated deposit.

A formulation of observation and analysing procedures of the long-period microtremors was also proposed, paying attention to overcome the defects in the well-known technique for the short-period microtremors.
The use of the coda for determination of the earthquake source spectrum
Authors: Rautian T. G. , Khalturin V. I.
Published: September 2021

abstract

We studied the spectral content and variations in time of the coda of seismic oscillations following the body and surface waves of local earthquakes. Within narrow frequency bands, the form of the envelope of the coda is remarkably stable—independent of epicenter (and therefore epicentral distance), depth of focus, and all other parameters of the source. Only the absolute amplitude of the coda differs from event to event. Similarly, the forms of the coda at two stations from the same earthquake overlap one another, differing only in absolute amplitude by a factor that is the same for all events. Hence given the form of the coda, its amplitude in any frequency band may be parameterized by one number—the amplitude at a certain time. Therefore, the spectrum of the coda as a function of time can be described as the product of two factors—one, independent of time, is dependent only on the source, and the other, reflecting the effects of the medium and the same for all sources, gives the time dependence for each frequency band. Segments of the envelopes with time can be matched by simple theories of scattering. Using the theoretical relationships, estimates of Q can be made and show that for any time interval, Q increases with frequency, approximately proportional to the square root of frequency. As longer elapsed times are considered, the estimates of Q increase, suggesting greater penetration of seismic energy into the higher Q parts of the Earth. The spectra of different events can be compared directly by comparing the spectra of the codas at the same elapsed time. Such a comparison reveals a wide variety of different source spectra. By using empirical relations among coda spectra, observed S-wave spectra, and theoretical constraints, an estimate of the spectrum radiated by the source can be calculated from the coda spectrum. Source parameters (seismic moment, corner frequency of the radiated spectrum, calculated stress drop, etc.) can be determined from coda spectra of events with many different moments and in different regions, with the same station. The results show several interesting features dependent on the seismic moments and on the regions in which the earthquakes occurred.
Focal mechanism studies in the New Madrid seismic zone
Authors: Herrmann Robert B. , Canas Jose-Antonio
Published: September 2021

abstract

A recent study of seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone by Stauder et al. (1976) has shown the existence of linear micro-earthquake patterns of up to 120 km in length. This study presents the results of composite microearthquake focal mechanism studies along these trends together with focal mechanisms obtained using long-period surface-wave data from larger events. Due to the present microearthquake array geometry, the composite focal mechanism studies do not indicate a complete picture of the nature of the earthquake processes for all the trends. However, the motion on the major 120-km long trend into northeastern Arkansas has significant components of right lateral fault motion. The consistency of surface-wave focal mechanisms and the composite focal mechanism along this trend indicates that it should be considered as a single tectonic unit.
Determination of the dip and strike of the Moho from array analysis
Authors: Havskov J. , Kanasewich E. R.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A new method, using only available array data, is developed to determine the dip and the strike of a major velocity discontinuity such as the Mohorovičić discontinuity. The method employs the coherencies of body waves in the P coda from both the vertical and horizontal detectors to obtain the slowness and azimuth of the direct and the converted wave from a major discontinuity. An example is given from array measurements in southern Alberta.
Attenuation measurements of split normal modes for the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan earthquakes
Authors: Stein Seth , Geller Robert J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Measurements of attenuation for the Earth's longest period modes can be significantly biased by the effects of frequency splitting. Using our previously developed methods of time domain synthesis of split normal modes, we measure Q without such a bias. We also conduct numerical experiments to confirm the errors in Q measurements which result from neglecting the effects of splitting. In contrast to frequency domain this time domain technique allows us to reject data below the ambient noise level for each mode. The Q's of the longest period spheroidal (0S2–0S5) and torsional (0T3–0T4) modes are determined using long (500 hr) records from the Chilean and Alaskan earthquakes.
Дилеммы современной теории политических элит: что дальше?
Authors: Алексеева Татьяна , Лошкарёв Иван , Пареньков Даниил
Published: September 2021

В статье обозначены важнейшие проблемы и элементы рассогласованности в современной теории политических элит, которые нуждаются не только в самостоятельном осмыслении, но и в использовании их для корректировки и переработки самих элитологических исследований. Авторы фиксируют состояние исследований элит, основную проблематику в актуальной научной периодике и выделяют три аномалии в теоретическом знании об элитах. Первая серьезная аномалия связана с применением бинарной логики при анализе сложных общественно-политических процессов, сопровождающих принятие политических решений. Дихотомия “элиты–не-элиты” соответствует уровню и концептуальной сетке механистической научной картины мира, что становится проблемой при анализе современных межэлитных и внутристрановых политических взаимодействий. Вторая аномалия заключается в заметной переоценке роли и содержания консенсуса элит по поводу главных контуров политической организации в государствах. Подобные формы коммуникации в рамках политической элиты, безусловно, присутствуют, однако сама конфигурация элиты может способствовать формированию сравнительно хрупких и недолговечных форм консенсуса. Более того, в общей структуре межэлитных взаимодействий обозначенный консенсус проявляется не столь часто, в отличие от иных практик, формируемых политическими институтами, идентичностью и так далее. Наконец, третья аномалия связана с распространенным тезисом о наличии неких идейно-когнитивных отличий элиты от остальной части населения – эти отличия обусловлены особенностями воспитания, профессионального становления, внешних факторов развития элит. Авторы приходят к выводу, что современные исследования в данном направлении не только не обнаруживают подтверждений наличия подобных идейно-когнитивных отличий, но и находят эмпирические данные, которые противоречат этому тезису. В заключение аргументируются необходимость преодоления таких аномалий за счет теоретического синтеза между исследованиями элит и исследованиями принятия политических решений и политического процесса.
Konsep Diri dan Keterbukaan Diri Remaja Broken Home yang Diasuh Nenek
Authors: Irani Luthfita Cahya , Laksana Eko Pramudya
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The aim of our study was to find out the children of divorced couples’s self-concept and self-disclosure who raised by their grandmother (grand parenting). This study used a qualitative approach - a case study. Subjects were two adolescents who live in the Village of Blitar City with an age range of 12—14 years. We use in-depth interviews, observations and document studies to collect data. Results show that subject’s saw themselves as a bad individual, bad influence, and being underestimated. Subject’s self-disclosure shows that they have lack of self-disclosure, easily offended by critiscm, lack of trust in others, and rigid.
Abstrak: Penulisan artikel bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran konsep diri dan keterbukaan diri remaja broken home yang diasuh nenek (grand parenting). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Subjek ialah dua remaja yang tinggal di desa Rembang, Kota Blitar dengan rentang usia 12—14 tahun. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Hasil menunjukkan konsep diri subjek memiliki karakteristik menganggap diri sebagai individu yang tidak baik, pembawa pengaruh buruk, dipandang rendah orang lain. Keterbukaan diri subjek menunjukkan gambaran sikap yang cenderung tertutup pada orang lain, mudah tersinggung ketika menerima kritik orang lain, kurang bisa mempercayai orang lain, dan kaku.
Cascading Cache Layer in Content Management System
Authors: Ganapathy Apoorva
Published: September 2021

Caching involves the temporal storing of data in a separate folder. Cascading is the arrangement of something in sequence from top to bottom. Cascading cache layer in content management system places data in layers and sequence in order of importance. The cached data are also removed based on their order of importance. Caching is majorly about input and output of content and data, this brings the need for cascading management system to make accessing data easier than usual. This work takes a look into caching and how it works. It considers various levels of caching in the content management systems. It tries to explain what cascading is in a content management system as well as its importance. This work explains how cascading cache in layers would make it faster and more efficient to access data.
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern of ventilator associated pneumonia in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rajesh Eshwar , Katragadda Radhika , Ramani C P
Published: September 2021

With an occurrence ranging from 6-52%, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common ICU acquired infection, accounting for a significant portion of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). VAP is pneumonia that develops after a period of more than 48 hours of mechanical ventilation or endotracheal intubation.

To isolate and identify the potential pathogens causing VAP and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

Endotracheal aspiration (ETA) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected from patients on mechanical ventilation >48 hours. Bacterial isolates were identified based on culture colony characteristics and biochemical parameters. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined for these isolates by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2020 guidelines and studied. The collected data was entered in Excel, and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.

Among the isolates, the most common were (31.31%) and (31.31%). These were followed by (22.22%), (7.07%), (3.03%) and (3.03%) and (2.02%).

Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) microbes causing VAP are on the increase. The patient population at risk will benefit by the application of the results of this study. The antibiotic resistance pattern of these isolates will aid clinicians in selecting the appropriate antimicrobial agents. Hence, it can lead to decreased mortality and morbidity due to life-threatening VAP.
Evaluation of cefoxitin disc diffusion test as a rapid phenotypic method for detection of methicillin resistance
Authors: Anandkumar H  , Jyothi U S  , Rajeshwari R S
Published: September 2021

: Accuracy and promptness in the detection of methicillin resistance are of key importance in ensuring correct antibiotic treatment in infected patients and control of MR staphylococci in the hospital environment. The aim of this study was to detect MRSA phenotypically by oxacillin screen agar and Oxacillin MIC method and to evaluate cefoxitin disc diffusion test as a screening tool for MRSA detection.

In the present study, a total of 50 isolates of from various clinical samples collected were used for the detection of Methicillin resistant (MRSA). Methicillin resistance was determined by oxacillin disc diffusion, cefoxitin disc diffusion the oxacillin screen agar test and MIC.

Out of 50 isolates 21 (42%) isolates were detected as MRSA based on MIC method, which is considered as gold standard method for the detection of MRSA. All the isolates of MRSA were 100% susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. rnIn the present study, cefoxitin diffusion method has given 100% sensitivity and specificity in concordance with MIC method. However, the oxacillin screen agar method showed 95.24% sensitivity and 96.55% specificity.

As per our study and previous reports elsewhere on phenotypic detection of MRSA, cefoxitin is more potent inducer of the regulatory system and an accurate surrogate marker for the detection of MRSA in the routine susceptibility testing.
Fungal sinusitis post COVID 19 – A case series from a diagnostic microbiology laboratory
Authors: Bowalekar Sneha Sharad , Yadav Rajesh R , Sharma Narendra
Published: September 2021

Fungal infections are on rise globally owing to use of immunosuppressant drugs for various diseases, increased use of antimicrobials and in-situ devices, long duration of stay in hospitalized patients. There was sharp rise in mucormycosis infections in patients post COVID 19 illness which were previously limited to patients of end stage diabetic ketoacidosis.

We studied the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and radiological aspects for culture positive cases of fungal sinusitis from April 2021 to June 2021.

The mean age of our patients was 55.4 years (range 38 to 70 years). M:F ratio was 1.5:1. All fungal infections occurred in laboratory and/or radiologically diagnosed cases of COVID 1970% patients (n=7) had diabetes mellitus as co-morbidity. 60% of the cases (n=6) grew Rhizopus arrhizus, 30% grew Aspergillus species (n=3) and 10% grew Penicillium species (n=1). 90% of the cases (n=9) improved after treatment whereas 10% (n=1) succumbed to the illness.

Along with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis infections, nasal aspergillosis was also noted as a prominent cause of fungal sinusitis in post COVID 19 illness. As the antifungal therapy for these two fungal infections differs significantly, caution must be adhered to while diagnosing and treating.
Promoción de actitudes compasivas y alimentación con atención plena en estudiantes universitarias con insatisfacción corporal: un estudio preliminar
Authors: Olvera-Ruvalcaba Aida Joselyn , Gómez-Peresmitré Gilda
Published: September 2021

La insatisfacción corporal representa un factor de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos alimentarios. Se han reportado altos índices de conducta alimentaria alterada e insatisfacción corporal en muestras de estudiantes universitarias. En las últimas décadas, se han destacado las intervenciones psicológicas basadas en principios de la tradición budista (atención plena y compasión) por los efectos observados en la reducción de diversas variables asociadas a estas patologías alimentarias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar una intervención basada en estos principios y evaluar su eficacia en un grupo de estudiantes universitarias con insatisfacción corporal. Se llevó a cabo la asignación aleatoria de las estudiantes que aceptaron participar en el estudio a un grupo experimental (n=13) y a un grupo control (n=9); posterior a la intervención, se llevó a cabo un seguimiento a las doce semanas en el grupo experimental. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las comparaciones entre e intra-grupo en variables asociadas con conductas alimentarias de riesgo, atención plena y actitudes compasivas, las cuales se mantuvieron en el seguimiento. Asimismo, se observaron tamaños de efecto grandes (d) en la mayoría de las variables. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables asociadas con imagen corporal entre los grupos de estudio. Los resultados permiten robustecer los hallazgos de investigaciones previas al respecto.
Marginal Fit of Temporary Restorations Fabricated by the Conventional Chairside Method, 3D Printing, and Milling
Authors: Mohajeri Mahsa , Khazaei Sara , Vafaee Fariborz , Firouz Farnaz , Ghorbani Gholiabad Somayeh , Shisheian Arash
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the marginal fit of temporary restorations fabricated by the conventional chairside method, 3D printing, and milling.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 14 temporary restorations were conventionally fabricated over an implant abutment and analog that had been mounted in a phantom model at the site of canine tooth, using auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and putty index. In digital manufacturing, the original model was scanned, and the final restoration was designed. Fourteen temporary restorations were milled out of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blocks, and 14 others were printed by a 3D printer. Temporary crowns were placed on the abutment, and images were obtained from specific areas under a stereomicroscope at x100 magnification to measure the amount of marginal gap. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).
Results: The mean marginal gap values for the temporary crowns in the 3D printing, milling, and chairside groups were 91.40, 75.28 and 51.23 µm, respectively. The crowns that were conventionally fabricated chairside exhibited the lowest marginal gap, and the difference in this respect was significant among the three groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Temporary crowns fabricated by the chairside method showed significantly smaller marginal gap; however, the marginal gap of all three groups was within the clinically acceptable range.
Analysis of Effective Connectivity Strength in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Phase Transfer Entropy
Authors: Ekhlasi Ali , Motie Nasrabadi Ali , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate differences in brain networks between healthy children and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during an attention test.
Method: To fulfill this, we constructed weighted directed graphs based on Electroencephalography (EEG) signals of 61 children with ADHD and 60 healthy children with the same age. Nodes of graphs were 19 EEG electrodes, and the edges were phase transfer entropy (PTE) between each pair of electrodes. PTE is a measure for directed connectivity that determines the effective relationship between signals in linear and nonlinear coupling. Connectivity graphs of each sample were constructed using PTE in the five frequency bands as follows: delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. To investigate the differences in connectivity strength of each node after the sparsification process with two values (0.5 and 0.25), the permutation statistical test was used with the statistical significance level of p<0.01.
Results: The results indicate stronger inter-regional connectivity in the prefrontal brain regions of the control group compared to the ADHD group. However, the strength of inter-regional connectivity in the central regions of the ADHD group was higher. A comparison of the prefrontal regions between the two groups revealed that the areas of the Fp1 electrode (left prefrontal) in healthy individuals play stronger transmission roles.
Conclusion: Our research can provide new insights into the strength and direction of connectivity in ADHD and healthy individuals during an attention task.
Association between rs1344706 Polymorphism in the ZNF804A Gene and the Risk for Schizophrenia
Authors: Esmaeili Aliakbar , Solimani Saeedeh , Karimi Farzaneh , Miri-Moghaddam Ebrahim
Published: September 2021

Objective: Schizophrenia is known as a severe mental disorder worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have revealed that rs1344706, located in ZNF804A, is a risk variant for schizophrenia among various populations. The current study was conducted to find correlation between rs1344706 polymorphism and schizophrenia in East of Iran.
Method: This case-control study assessed 150 schizophrenia cases as well as 150 healthy controls. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped using the Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS-PCR) method. Analyses based on the Chi-square test and logistic regression were calculated by SPSS.
Results: The TT, GT, and GG genotype frequencies at rs1344706 in schizophrenia cases were 48.0%, 40.0%, and 12.0%, whereas in controls, they were 49.3 %, 36.7 %, and 14.0 %, respectively. The T and G allele frequencies were 68 % and 32 % in cases and 67 % and 33 % in healthy controls. The results of logistic regression indicated that there is no association between rs1344706 alleles (P = 1.000) and genotypes (P = 0.647 for GT and P = 0.726 for GG) with susceptibility to schizophrenia.
Conclusion: Overall, there was no significant relationship between rs1344706 SNP and schizophrenia in Iran's Eastern population. However, further research focusing on more SNPs of ZNF804A and larger samples in other ethnicities is necessary to confirm these results.