bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of the MMPI–2 and Beck Depression Inventory for Making Decisions of Organ Allocation in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Mori DeAnna L. , Klein Wayne , Gallagher Patricia
Published: August 2011

Psychosocial factors are presented which affect clinical decision-making regarding the allocation of renal organs. Patients were rated as being either High Risk or Low Risk transplant candidates High Risk candidates were scored as being significantly different from the Low Risk candidates on many psychosocial variables. Interestingly, significant differences were not found between these two groups on either the MMPI–2 or the Beck Depression Inventory. The validity of using information from these inventories to allocate organs is discussed.
AIDS Knowledge among Black Drug Users: An Issue of Reliability
Authors: Wang Min Qi , Collins Charles B. , Kohler Connie L. , DiClemente Ralph J. , Wingood Gina
Published: August 2011

This study examined the reliability of an inventory measuring AIDS-related knowledge among 553 black drug users. Data were collected from a socially high-risk community in Birmingham, Alabama. The KR–20 reliability scores were computed from the inventory for each drug-use group. The KR–20 reliabilities ranged from .39 to .57. These findings may suggest that the inconsistent reports of the predictive power of AIDS knowledge among drug users reported in previous studies might be related to the low internal consistencies of the inventory.
Change on Psychological Scales following Buddhist and Roman Catholic Retreats
Authors: Tori Christopher D.
Published: August 2011

Orthogonal contrasts of Adjective Checklist pretest-posttest change scores obtained from adolescents who attended three-day Buddhist or Roman Catholic retreats ( n = 204) and no treatment control participants ( n = 102) indicated those who attended had higher change scores and greater change occurred among those attending the Buddhist meditation retreat.
Differences in Self-Reported Health Behaviors between Public Health Professionals and Support Staff
Authors: Oleckno William A. , Blacconiere Michael J.
Published: August 2011

Differences in self-reported health behaviors between public health professionals and support staff were examined. 431 women working in nine county health departments in northern Illinois completed the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile. The professionals reported a healthier lifestyle than the support staff. This result was significant after adjustment for age, race, educational attainment, and job tenure. The findings were discussed in the context of several theories of behavior and the Health Belief and Health Promotion Models. Suggestions for research are provided.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Menstrual Joy Questionnaire
Authors: Heard Kenneth V. , Chrisler Joan C. , Kimes Leigh Ann , Siegel Holly N.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of 10 terms in the Menstrual Joy Questionnaire of Delaney, Lupton, and Toth indicated that the 34 undergraduate students did not agree on the definitions of scale items. The authors discuss the use of this questionnaire as a stimulus in experimental research and as a measure of positive perimenstrual experience.
Alienation and Irrational Beliefs in a Nonclinical University Population
Authors: Mahoney John M.
Published: August 2011

A total of 126 college students, 53 men and 73 women, completed the Manifest Alienation Scale and the Irrational Beliefs Scale to assess alienation and irrationality. A linear relationship indicated students with elevated Alienation scores showed substantially higher irrationality than did students scoring lower. Analysis suggests that a positive linear effect for measured irrationality and reported Alienation characterizes students in a nonclinical population. The relationship between normal and pathological Alienation and irrational belief are addressed, and potential interventions in clinical situations are considered.
Mothers' Adjustment to the Birth of a Second Child: A Longitudinal Study on Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors toward Two Children
Authors: Kojima Yasuo
Published: August 2011

4 mothers' skillful use of verbal and nonverbal behaviors to their first and second children was examined while each mother was playing with them for about one year after the birth of the second child. Analysis showed that maternal verbal interactions with the firstborn were frequently accompanied by nonverbal interactions toward the secondborn, especially during the first few months postpartum. The concurrent use of verbal and nonverbal behaviors with the two children may be a behavioral strategy for the mother to adjust to the birth of the second child.
Stigmatization of Social and Intimacy Loneliness
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , MacKie Jennifer
Published: August 2011

82 female and 62 male college students judged the psychosocial functioning and acceptability of hypothetical peers that depicted 2 Levels of Loneliness (Lonely versus Nonlonely) x 2 Domains of Loneliness (Social versus Intimacy). Analysis indicated the students stigmatized both social and intimacy loneliness; they ascribed lower psychosocial functioning to and were less accepting of the lonely than nonlonely peer for both the social and intimacy domains of loneliness. The students, however, displayed greater differentiation in the ascription of psychosocial functioning between the lonely and nonlonely peers for the intimacy than the social domain of loneliness.
Suicide among German Federal and State Police Officers
Authors: Schmidtke A. , Fricke S. , Lester D.
Published: August 2011

Most American studies report higher police officer suicide rates in comparison to age-matched populations. In the Federal Republic of Germany police organizations are comprised of Federal Customs, 16 state police, and 2 federal police organizations. A survey carried out in 1997 yielded higher suicide rates for police officers also in Germany in comparison to rates of the comparable age group (25 per 100,000 vs 20 per 100,000). The most commonly used suicide method was firearms (66–71%). Hypotheses often attribute this high suicidality among police officers to higher work stress than in other professions. Other hypotheses implicate individual variables such as psychiatric illnesses, alcoholism, and interpersonal and marital problems. A transactional model might explain these different views.
Words for Behavioral Description in Performance Appraisals
Authors: Timmreck Thomas C.
Published: August 2011

Words used to describe behavior at work have strong emotional and behavioral implications for those being judged by them. Words used to describe work behavior in assessment of work activities express measurement of performance on appraisal forms as objective or subjective. Work descriptors taken from performance appraisal forms from 47 of 100 hospitals, 35 of 480 management textbooks, and 22 of 150 journal articles were placed in three levels of objective to subjective for frequency of use. More work descriptors were subjective than objective. Work descriptors from journals presented many subjective traits but used more objective than subjective traits while textbooks included many subjective traits as objective descriptors. Use of subjective work descriptors in the journals and textbooks encourages subjective assessment of workers. To be objective performance appraisals must use objective words to describe and assess work in graphic rating forms.
Hope, Goal-Blocking Thoughts, and Test-Related Anxieties
Authors: Snyder C. R.
Published: August 2011

Based on Onwuegbuzie's 1998 findings pertaining to the relationship of lower scores on hope to higher ones on anxiety about statistics, a brief overview of the etiology of test-related anxieties in the context of Snyder's hope theory is given, and the utility of hope theory for helping students with test-related anxieties is explored.
Change in Role Perception, Role Conflict, and Psychological Health of Working Mothers
Authors: Oster Kerry A. , Scannell Evelyn D.
Published: August 2011

A model of the interrelationship among Change in Role Perception, Role Conflict, and Psychological Health of working mothers is introduced. The model posits that Change in Role Perception after the birth of children influences Psychological Health directly or indirectly through Role Conflict. The model was tested with a sample of 192 employed mothers (aged 26–45 years) with at least one child under 11 years of age and who lived in either Melbourne or Canberra, Australia. As expected, scores on Role Conflict predicted all four measures of Psychological Health (Anxiety, Self-esteem, Uptight, and Worn Out). Change in scores on Role Perception predicted Self-esteem and Worn Out. Geographic location predicted scores for Uptight and Worn Out and Occupational Type predicted scores for Worn Out, perhaps due to perceived social support. There are theoretical reasons for maintaining the model's structure. Refinement of methodology, measurement of Change in Role Perception, and possible adoption of a longitudinal approach is recommended. It is concluded that measuring experienced role conflict and change in role perception should be taken into account in any consideration of women's psychological health.
Self-Confidence among Younger and Older Women Performing Financial Analysis
Authors: Webster Robert L. , Ellis T. Selwyn
Published: August 2011

Measures of reported self-confidence in performing financial analysis by 57 professional female analysts, 29 born between 1946 and 1964 and 28 born between 1965 and 1976, were investigated and reported. Because self-confidence in one's ability affects buy, sell, and hold recommendations and decisions, it is important in the securities industry. The respondents analyzed a set of multiyear corporate financial statements and reported their self-confidence in six separate financial areas. Data from the 57 female financial analysts were tallied and analyzed using both univariate and multivariate statistical tests. Rated self-confidence was significantly higher for the younger women than for the older women.
Perceptions of Quality of Journals Related to Health Education
Authors: Price James H. , Robinson K. Lynne
Published: August 2011

Faculty and chairpersons ( N = 102) at 34 programs granting doctoral degrees in health education were asked to rate the quality of professional journals related to health education. The American Journal of Public Health was the highest rated journal. Health Education Quarterly was second, and Health Education Research, the only other health education journal, was rated in the top 10 (rated 7). The journals from the epidemiology area rated higher than journals from other areas. The respondents were least familiar with journals on the environment, safety, and death education.
Preliminary Report on the Relation of Students' on-Task Behavior with Completion of School Work
Authors: Lee Steven W. , Kelly Karen E. , Nyre Joseph E.
Published: August 2011

On-task behavior is frequently measured by school psychologists during classroom observations. Unfortunately, the obtained on-task percentage is difficult to interpret because (1) the relationship between on-task behavior and school work completion and quality are unknown and (2) generalizability of the observations is limited. In this study, percentage of time on task was related to work completion and quality using the newly developed Kansas Classroom Observation Form. The obtained data, while preliminary, suggest a general “rule-of-thumb” for expectations of work completion based on various observed on/off-task behavior. Other findings, limitations of the study, and directions for research are discussed.
Perceived Risk of Work-Related Injury and Intentions to Change Employment
Authors: Harrell W. Andrew
Published: August 2011

A survey of 263 employed men and women examined the effect of length of employment, perceived ability to find a better job, positive job features (pay, job security, and intrinsic interest), and perceived risk of occupational injury on intentions to stay with or leave one's current employer. Perceived risk of occupational injury significantly predicted one's belief that the person would not stay with the current employer. Perceived inability to find alternative employment lessened the desirability of leaving the current employer. Desire to leave was lower when a job was rated highly for pay, security, and intrinsic interest. Length of employment, as a measure of job commitment, was not a factor.
Replication and Extension Analyzing the Factor Structure of Locus of Control Scales for Substance-Abusing Behaviors
Authors: Hartmann David J.
Published: August 2011

Two research questions were addressed in this study. First, what are the dimensions of the concept of control orientation with respect to substance-abusing behaviors as measured by Keyson and Janda's 1972 Drinking-related Locus of Control Scale and by an adaptation of that scale developed for users of other drugs. Second, utilizing a large sample of both male and female clients who abused both alcohol and other drugs, how does that dimensional structure differ from the one presented by Donovan and O'Leary in 1978 for male alcoholics at a VA hospital. Since the present sample was a large (N = 542) representative sample of publicly subsidized clients in Missouri, it provided an opportunity to extend earlier work across type of drug abused and sex. Like Donovan and O'Leary we used a principal components analysis with a varimax rotation to examine the dimensions of the 25-item locus of control scales. Like those authors, the analysis for male alcohol users produced a three-factor solution with interpretations resembling their “intrapersonal” and “interpersonal” factors but with a more fully developed third factor interpretable as a fate or luck dimension. These dimensions were apparent for the other groups as well, although the first two factors were reversed for male users of other drugs and the analysis for female alcohol abusers showed a more consistent sociability dimension than for males. While the derived structures are therefore similar to Donovan and O'Leary's results and consistent with the theoretical uses of control orientation in discussion of alcohol and other drug abuse, they also show some differences for type of drug abused and by sex. These are necessary but not sufficient conditions for including such measures in more specific models relating clients' motivation and propensity for change to outcomes.
Profile Validity Standards for MMPI and MMPI–2 F Scales
Authors: Sinnett E. Robert , Holen Michael C. , Albott William L.
Published: August 2011

Although numerous indices of validity have been developed for the MMPI and MMPI–2, interest in the F scale and its variants continues, especially among practicing clinicians. The use of the binomial for assessing standards for random answering and possibly for judgments of malingering offers another approach for the interpretation of F-scale scores. The theoretical binomial distribution and Monte Carlo data are in accord. Cut-off scores of 24 for the MMPI and 23 for the MMPI–2 suggest random responses, and scores of 40 and 37, respectively, suggest clinical interpretation rather than randomness of responding.
Suicide among Eminent Artists
Authors: Preti Antonio , Miotto Paola
Published: August 2011

To evaluate suicide risk by profession among eminent artists data from Garzanti's Encyclopaedia, a broad biographical repertory, were used. Six categories in the visual and literary arts were compared: architects, painters, sculptors, writers, poets, and playwrights. Only people whose deaths occurred in the 1800s or 1900s were included since it is likely that underestimation of suicide has been lower in the more recent centuries. A total of 59 suicides were observed in a sample of 3,093 people: this corresponds to a ratio of 1.90%. Suicides were 51 among men (ratio 1.75%) and 8 among women (ratio 4.30%). The comparison by profession indicates that poets and writers exceed the mean suicide ratio of the sample. Painters and architects, conversely, have a clearly lower risk than the mean. Mean age of suicides was 44 yr. ( SD = 12), with writers being slightly older (48 yr., SD = 12) than other artists. Artists who died of causes other than suicide reach a mean of 65 yr. ( SD = 10). Suicide among artists seems to have a peculiar pattern, clearly different from the pattern of the general population, wherein suicide risk is higher among men and older people. Adverse financial circumstances and the stress attributed to rejection of personal products may contribute to the specific risk of suicide among artists. The link between mental disorders, such as manic-depression, which imply a higher risk of suicide, and creativeness is discussed as a contributing factor.
Preschool Children's Understanding of the Dichotomy between the Natural and the Artificial
Authors: Petrovich Olivera
Published: August 2011

The current study examined preschool children's understanding of the dichotomy between the natural and the artificial, i.e., a classification consisting of all natural kinds (both animate and inanimate) on the one hand, and of all artifacts on the other. Whilst previous research has studied children's differentiation of animate (i.e., animals, plants) from inanimate kinds (i.e., natural substances, artifacts) as well as animals from artifacts on the basis of the items' intrinsic structural and causal properties, no study has so far examined children's understanding of the dichotomy between natural and artificial kinds as a supraordinate conceptual division based on the items' extrinsic origin. Two experiments are reported which support the presence of a well-defined dichotomy in both preschool children and adults. That is, children in the current study have no difficulties understanding the contrast between natural and artificial as well-defined categories, unlike their counterparts in those studies which investigate the contrasts between different natural categories, on the one hand, and the single artificial category, on the other. The discrepancy between the present findings and the earlier research is explained in terms of children's greater familiarity with the criterion (extrinsic to the object) which underlies the dichotomy between the natural and the artificial than with criteria (intrinsic to the object) which underlie the less-inclusive divisions such as animate vs inanimate, and animal vs artifact.
Influences of Adult Attachment in Exploration
Authors: Johnston Michelle A.
Published: August 2011

Research into the relationship between attachment quality in both children and adults suggests links with patterns of exploration; however, exploration has been operationalized differently in studies of adults and children. This study examined adults' patterns of exploration operationalized in terms of novelty seeking, curiosity, and impulsivity, as in studies of children. Analysis indicated avoidant adults reported significantly lower curiosity than did securely attached adults, while preoccupied subjects showed no differences from either secure or avoidant groups. As in studies of children, groups did not differ on measures of novelty seeking or impulsivity.
Sex Education Sources and Attitudes about Premarital Sex of Seventh Day Adventist Youth
Authors: Ali Heidi Karamat , Naidoo Anthony
Published: August 2011

37 Seventh Day Adventist youth were surveyed about their sex education and attitudes towards premarital sex. Analysis indicated differences between their attitudes and actual sexual behaviour. While 70% endorsed the church's prohibition on premarital sex, 54% had engaged in premarital sex.
Assessment of Memory Functioning among an Aging Sample
Authors: Sinnett E. Robert , Holen Michael C.
Published: August 2011

To provide additional basic normative data and an enhanced understanding of memory functioning of older individuals, 100 subjects equally divided into 5-yr age intervals from 60 to beyond 80, evenly split by sex and socioeconomic status, and balanced for racial composition were tested on 19 memory measures commonly used in clinical and neuropsychological assessment. While analyses indicated that 10 measures were significantly related to age, performance was quite stable from 60–74 years, dropping primarily at the oldest age intervals. No significant age-related differences were found on the remaining 9 measures, and in all instances considerable variability was evident. The study provides evidence against stereotypes that our population as a whole shows a generalized or severe memory decline with advancing age. Clearly, no one should hastily assume limitations in memory which would routinely disqualify older individuals in work, independent living, and decision-making. Recommendations are made for practicing clinicians who must choose instruments appropriate for normal and abnormal subjects.
Sex by Age Difference in Couples Applying for Marriage
Authors: Bonds Jennifer M. , Nicks Sandra D.
Published: August 2011

The purpose was to look at the ages of couples applying for marriage licenses and to assess whether the preferences for younger or older mates continues. Analysis indicated that in 63% of couples the male partner was the older, with men on average being two years older than women. However, when looking at the age range for “male-older” couples in comparison with that for “female-older,” no significant difference was found. These results are discussed in relation to sociobiological and reinforcement theories.
Depression, Self-Defeating, and Self-Destructive Behaviors as Predictors of Suicide Ideation in Males and Females
Authors: Hopes Lisa M. , Williams Alan
Published: August 2011

Previous studies have implicated depression, self-defeating behaviors, and self-destructive behaviors in suicide ideation. The present research directly compared these three concepts as predictors of both males' (n = 51) and females' ( n = 78) suicide ideation. Analysis confirmed sex differences, with depression and self-defeating behaviors predicting females' suicide ideation, and self-destructive behaviors predicting males' suicide ideation. These results suggest that suicide may be related to these subtle yet relevant factors which may not be easily detected by mental health workers.
The Detection of Malingering
Authors: Wildman Robert W. , Wildman Robert W.
Published: August 2011

A 60-item paper-and-pencil inventory showed a 98% “hit-rate” in distinguishing between honest and simulated malingering protocols produced by 29 nonclinical subjects who took the inventory in both the honest and faked conditions. When instructed to take the Wildman Symptom Checklist “as if applying for some kind of disability compensation,” subjects endorsed a significantly higher number of the self-statements which appear clinically unbelievable. Independent replication is now required
Reliability and Validity of the Functional Assessment Rating Scale
Authors: Schwartz Robert C.
Published: August 2011

The Functional Assessment Rating Scale was developed as a measure of psychiatric symptomatology and psychosocial impairments. This study was designed to report estimates of reliability and validity with a population of schizophrenic patients. The scale showed very good interrater agreement, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity, so the scale seems a useful measure of psychopathology which may be used to assess and monitor patients displaying severe mental illnesses.
Native American Suicide Rates, Acculturation Stress and Traditional Integration
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In 18 Native American tribes, suicide rates were positively associated with acculturation stress and negatively with traditional integration.
Career Decision of South African Students in Vocational Education
Authors: Watson Mark B. , Smith Darryl
Published: August 2011

The career decisiveness of postsecondary South African students in vocational education ( N = 1062) were assessed. Analysis indicated that White students were more decisive about careers than Asian and Black students in the first year. The implications of this finding for postsecondary education in South Africa are discussed.
Perceived Functional Health of Disabled Elderly Persons in a Follow-up Program for Primary Care
Authors: Evans Ron L.
Published: August 2011

180 disabled elderly persons were followed in a home care program after acute care rehabilitation in order to correlate subjective and objective ratings of medical, physical, and social functioning. To assess the benefits of case management services, 95 test patients receiving such care at home were compared with 85 controls who did not receive services. Both groups reported gains in functional health and their reports were verified with objective measures. There was no difference, however, between the groups in outcome. Our findings indicated that self-assessments correlate highly with measures of functional health. Procedures for self-ratings should be developed as important complements to objective functional health measures.
God-Mediated Control, Religiousness, Attributes of God and of the Ideal Religious Life
Authors: Westman Alida , Campbell Ericka
Published: August 2011

Among 79 students the ones who scored higher on Berrenberg's (1987) God-mediated Control Scale rated themselves as more religious ( r = .85). They also endorsed “knowing my God” as more important for the ideal religious life than “believing the right things.” “Doing the right things” was even less important to them. God-mediated control and “knowing my God” correlated with rating God as understanding, forgiving, and helpful, whereas “believing the right things” was associated only with the attribute of helpful. “Doing the right things” correlated with none of these attributes of God. The roles of believing and doing require further exploration.
Cognitive Development of Fluent and Nonfluent Bilingual Speakers Assessed with Tachistoscopic Techniques
Authors: Karapetsas A. , Andreou G.
Published: August 2011

A tachistoscopic study investigated verbal skills among bilingual speakers, 10 fluent and 15 nonfluent, on rhyming and semantic tasks in both their native (Greek) and second (English) languages. Fluent bilinguals scored higher on all tasks, especially on the English rhyming and the Greek semantic tasks. They also responded faster, especially on the English semantic task. Fluent bilingual speakers scored higher on the Uses of Objects Test, an index of creativity. Nonfluent bilinguals had higher grades in geometry and arithmetic at school while fluent bilinguals had higher grades in Greek composition.
Loss, Death, Bereavement: Where are the Empirical Studies?
Authors: Robak Rostyslaw W.
Published: August 2011

The periodical literature on loss, death, bereavement, and grieving, as reported in PsycLIT for 1990–1998, was classified as empirical, theoretical, review of the literature, descriptive, or case report. Striking was the lack of empirical studies on psychotherapy and counseling.
Writing Apprehension among Graduate Students: Its Relationship to Self-Perceptions
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between scores on Daly and Miller's (1975a) Writing Apprehension Test and on seven dimensions of Neemann and Harter's (1986) Self-perception Profile for College Students. Participants were 97 students (81 women and 16 men) from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds enrolled in graduate courses in research methodology. Analysis indicated that students with the lowest perceived scholastic competence and perceived creativity tended to have the highest anxiety about writing. Recommendations for research include replication.
Sex and Income as Factors Associated with Exposure to Jokes about the Clinton-Lewinsky Controversy
Authors: Powell Larry , Kitchens James T.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the association of sex and income with reported frequency of hearing jokes about the Clinton-Lewinsky controversy. Subjects were 800 registered voters in Missouri, interviewed with a telephone survey in March, 1998. The results indicated that men reported hearing more jokes on the topic than women, and voters of higher income heard more jokes than those of middle or lower income.
Effects of Participation on Performance and Satisfaction: Additional Meta-Analytic Evidence
Authors: Wagner John A. , LePine Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2011

Stimulated by recent debate, this study investigated whether prior research supports the statement that different forms of participation have different effects on performance and satisfaction in the workplace. Using a collection of 75 correlations drawn from published analyses, a meta-analysis using random effects procedures indicated that relationships between participation and performance reported in the research literature are similar in size and direction across different types of participation. Meta-analytic results also indicated similarity in the size and direction of relationships between participation and satisfaction across different forms of participation and suggested that effect size statistics published in research on participation and performance are generally similar to those reported in studies of participation and satisfaction. These findings differ from the results of another recent meta-analysis and from those of several previous literature reviews but support the primary conclusions of an earlier meta-analytic assessment.
Scales for Teachers' Assessment of Inhibition and Security Seeking in Kindergarten Children
Authors: Koomen Helma M. Y. , Hoeksma Jan B. , Keller Henriette F. C. M. , de Jong Peter F.
Published: August 2011

For young children separation from their primary caregivers can give rise to feelings of emotional insecurity, which are manifested by inhibition of behavior and seeking security from a substitute caregiver. The present study examined the quality of two new scales, the Inhibition Scale and the Security Seeking Scale, developed for teachers' assessment of inhibition and security-seeking behaviors. Participants were 121 kindergarten children. Reliability and short-term stability of both scales proved to be good. Relationships with four major dimensions of personality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness Agrceableness, and Emotional Stability, were examined by means of teachers' judgements on the School Behavior Checklist Revised. The validity of the Inhibition Scale and the Security Seeking Scale was supported by the findings. Scores on both scales appeared to be negatively related to those on Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The negative association with scores on Extraversion was stronger for scores on the Inhibition Scale than for those on the Security Seeking Scale. Neither scale was related to the nonemotional dimension Conscientiousness. In addition, scores on both the Inhibition and Security Seeking Scale appeared negatively related to the time passed since entry into kindergarten.
Homosexual Parents: Why Appeals Cases Approximate the “Gold Standard” for Science—A Reply to Duncan
Authors: Cameron Paul , Cameron Kirk
Published: August 2011

Unlike the unverifiable claims of volunteers in studies of homosexual parenting, an alert ex-spouse is ready to testify as to the falsity of any claim by the other spouse in custody proceedings. Further, a greater variety of professionals are involved in getting at the “truth.” We argue that examination of an unbiased corpus of such appeals cases is far more apt to reflect the underlying “reality” about homosexual parenting than studies performed on volunteers.
Predictors of Life Satisfaction among Filipino Managerial and Professional Women
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Divinagracia Louie A. , Mamo Ermias
Published: August 2011

This study examined predictors of life satisfaction reported by 200 Filipino managerial and professional women. Two types of correlates were considered, personal and work-situation characteristics and work experiences and work outcomes. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires from women working in fashion or cosmetics and banking or financial services. Personal and situational characteristics were generally unrelated to self-reported life satisfaction; however, work experiences and work outcomes were consistently and strongly related to self-reported life satisfaction. Filipino managerial and professional women reporting more positive work experiences and more favorable work outcomes also reported greater life satisfaction.
Impeachment Affiliation and Levels of Response to Lost Letters
Authors: Bridges F. Stephen , Thompson Paul C.
Published: August 2011

A study using 75 “lost” letters was designed to test the hypothesis that the rates of return would not vary with the addressees' affiliation, while the level of response would. 30 letters (40%) were returned in the mail to a Post Office Box in Pensacola, Florida. Returns to a Control addressee, Committee to Support the Impeachment of President Bill Clinton, and Committee Opposed to the Impeachment of President Bill Clinton affiliates were 56.0%, 20.0%, and 44.0%, respectively. Of 314 responses recorded for 30 returns, more passersby chose to “ignore” an apparently lost letter than passersby who “responded to an apparently lost letter but did not take it.” Addressees' affiliations significantly were associated with both rates of return and levels of response, as measures of public response using the lost-letter technique.
Sun-Safety Behavior among Elementary School Children: The Role of Knowledge, Social Norms, and Parental Involvement
Authors: Donavan D. Todd , Singh Surendra N.
Published: August 2011

98 children in Grades 4, 5, and 6 were surveyed in 1997 for their knowledge of sunlight's harmful effects, attitude toward and frequency of usage of sun-safety devices, perceived peer pressure against sun-safe behavior, and parental encouragement for practicing sun-safe behavior. Children exhibited low knowledge of harmful effects of sun exposure and perceived the threat as remote. Of the two primary determinants of sunscreen usage, parental reminders and a positive attitude towards sunscreen use, the former was dominant. The knowledge of harmful effects of sun exposure, the primary focus of most interventions, does not appear to be the most critical variable influencing children's sun-safety behavior; parental involvement does.
Family Perceptions of Future Programming Needs in a Sample of Individuals with Mental Retardation
Authors: Nicks Sandra D. , Villa A. Yancy , Reeves Angela M. , Nichols Kathryn J.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined parents' perceived programming needs of their children with mental retardation. Parents (44 mothers, 8 fathers) of individuals attending programming in an agency for mental retardation responded to a telephone survey. Analysis showed parents were most concerned about future housing needs. A significant difference was found between older and younger parents in their perception of future needs.
No Evidence for a Close Relationship between Personality Traits and Circadian Cortisol Rhythm or a Single Cortisol Stress Response
Authors: Schommer N. C. , Kudielka B. M. , Hellhammer D. H. , Kirschbaum C.
Published: August 2011

Personality traits measured with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised did not show associations with basal or stimulated concentrations of Cortisol in a sample of 81 subjects. Cortisol responses to a single exposure to psychosocial stress as well as circadian salivary-free Cortisol patterns did not distinguish between subjects with high or low scores on Extraversion, Neuroticism, or Psychoticism, respectively.
Psychogenic or Dissociative Fugue: A Clinical Investigation of Five Cases
Authors: Coons Philip M.
Published: August 2011

Dissociative fugue (formerly psychogenic fugue) is a rare and little understood dissociative disorder. Following a review of the pertinent literature, five cases of dissociative fugue are described. These cases were systematically studied with a comprehensive history, mental status examination, physical and neurological evaluation, review of previous medical and psychiatric records, and psychological testing including MMPI, WAIS–R, electroencephalogram, and Dissociative Experiences Scale. An unexpected finding was that, in some cases, associated criminal activity may allow the person with dissociative fugue to continue to function in spite of their loss of memory and original identity.
Role of Distinctive Processing during Retrieval
Authors: Matthews T. Darin , Smith Rebekah E. , Hunt R. Reed , Pivetta Christine E.
Published: August 2011

Encoding tasks that engage both distinctive and organizational processing produce superior recall relative to tasks that engage only one type of processing (e.g., Hunt & Einstein, 1981). In 1993, Hunt and McDaniel proposed that organizational processing entails the relationships that specify the encoding episode, while distinctive processing allows the discrimination of particular items that share those relationships. The experiments presented here replicate previous findings from cued recall tests supporting the proposed roles for distinctive and organizational processing. Unlike previous research that generally has been limited to the use of encoding manipulations to investigate the benefits of these processes, the present experiments contrasted performance on tests of cued recall and category production. The results showed that the usefulness of distinctive processing is limited to testing situations that require production of specific items. In contrast, organization is shown to be beneficial for both cued recall and category production. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that organization and distinctiveness serve different functions in recall and support the use of Tenpenny and Shoben's 1992 component process analysis in the investigation of retrieval.
The Writing Essential Skill Screener–Upper Elementary Version: A Technical Analysis
Authors: Erford Bradley T. , Ivey Elizabeth A. , Dorman Stacy L.
Published: August 2011

The Writing Essential Skill Screener–Upper Elementary Version was designed to assess students in Grades 3 to 6 at risk for difficulties in written expression. Four independent samples were used to study the Screener's reliability and validity. Thirty-day test-retest reliability was .83 and concurrent validity coefficients ( n = 275) were .66 with the Woodcock-Johnson: Tests of Achievement–Revised Written Language domain and .80 with the Wide-Range Achievement Test–Revised Spelling subtest. Exploratory factor analytic procedures suggest the Screener has a single dimension, Written Expression. A diagnostic efficiency study indicated the total predictive value was 86%, sensitivity was .91, specificity was .80, positive predictive power was .82, and negative predictive power was .90.
Degree-Granting Institutions and Characteristics of Psychologists with Both Diplomate and Fellow Status in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Lopez Shane J. , Gariglietti Kelli P. , Merkley Katherine B. , Reynolds Susan C. , Wettersten Kara B
Published: August 2011

Psychologists (44 men, 6 women) were identified as individuals who received both Fellow status from Division 17 of the APA and ABPP Diplomate status in Counseling Psychology. Years of postdoctoral experience acquired prior to gaining the credentials averaged 13.1 ( SD = 6.1) for the Division 17 Fellow and 9.8 ( SD = 4.7) for the ABPP Diplomate. 25 different degree-granting institutions provided training for the 50 whose careers exemplify the scientist-practitioner approach to their work. Columbia graduated 9 of these psychologists, whereas Ohio State and Minnesota graduated 5 each. In regard to degree specialty, 37 (74%) gained their degrees from counseling or counseling psychology programs, whereas 11 (22%) gained their degrees from other types of psychology programs. These psychologists tended to work in academic institutions and to publish an average of .57 journal articles per year.
When College Students' Attempts at Paraphrasing Become Instances of Potential Plagiarism
Authors: Roig Miguel
Published: August 2011

In Study 1, undergraduates were asked to consider a scenario in which they were writing a paper and that, in the process of researching material for the paper, they had encountered a relevant paragraph from a journal article which they had to paraphrase. The students were given a two-sentence paragraph and were asked to paraphrase it to the best of their ability. Analysis indicated that between 41% and 68% of the paraphrased paragraphs were “plagiarized” to some degree, where plagiarism was defined as the appropriation of strings of 5 consecutive words or longer. In addition, 52% of the paraphrased paragraphs contained from minor to serious distortions of the original material. In a second study, another sample of undergraduates was asked to paraphrase a similar two-sentence paragraph from a textbook which was easier to read. This time between 9% and 19% of the paraphrased paragraphs evidenced similar amounts of appropriated text, although a comparable proportion of distortions (50%) occurred. The combined results suggest that plagiarism by college students may stem, in part, from their inability to process complex unfamiliar text.
Benefits, Problems, and Characteristics of Home Aquarium Owners
Authors: Kidd Aline H. , Kidd Robert M.
Published: August 2011

Although tank fish are currently the most popular “pets” in the USA, literature reporting studies on the benefits, problems, and characteristics of home aquarium ownership is extremely limited. Because it seemed important to learn more about people who enjoy owning and caring for home aquaria, 50 men and 50 women were interviewed in several area stores which provide and sell living fish and adjunct products necessary for maintaining good home aquarium environments. Major problems reported by home aquarium owners were the expensive equipment, especially the tanks and controls for water temperature, circulation, and chemical balances, the tank maintenance, and tank cleanliness. Major benefits mentioned by such owners were the calming, relaxation, and stress-reduction effects of just watching fish which lessened anxieties and created a sense of serenity. These findings help to explain the current popularity of the live inhabitants of home aquaria.
Optimism and Manic-Depressive Tendencies
Authors: Meelheim Lisa G. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Scores on an optimism scale were negatively associated with both music and depressive tendencies in a sample of 65 college students.
Selected Correlates of Creativity in Young Adults
Authors: Mahon Noreen E. , Yarcheski Adela , Yarcheski Thomas J.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 68 young adults responded to the Creativity Scale of the Adjective Checklist, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ85) Part II, and the Lack of Social Self-confidence Subscale of the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory. As predicted, statistically significant inverse correlations were found between scores on measures of loneliness and creativity and between scores on measures of lack of social self confidence and creativity. Contrary to the hypothesized direction, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between scores on measures of perceived social support and creativity.
Anti-Semitic Prejudice in Adolescence: An Italian Study on Shared Beliefs
Authors: Villano Paola
Published: August 2011

A study was conducted in Bologna and Venice on a sample of 427 subjects to verify whether anti-Semitic prejudice is observed in Italy, if it has direct, violent expression (blatant prejudice), or if it assumes less evident forms (subtle prejudice). The sample was chosen to represent levels of contact with the Jewish community to check the contact hypothesis (Bologna for the no-contact condition and Venice for the contact-condition) in groups of different ages (adolescents, young people, and adults). We predicted a decrease in blatant prejudice by subjects living in contact with Jews, but no differences in subtle prejudice. Also adolescents, more sensitive to polarised choices, could be less tolerant towards Jews. One-way analysis of variance indicated evidence for anti-Semitic prejudice, whose typical expression was a lack of positive emotions towards Jews. In particular, the whole sample denied negative emotions, such as disregard, annoyance, and irritation, and did not report positive emotions, such as attraction or curiosity.
How College Students' Physical Health Relates to Coping
Authors: Leitschuh Gloria A.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between coping and physical health status was examined for 100 undergraduate students using the COPE scale and the Medical Index (formerly identified as the Cornell Medical Index). Using stepwise multiple regression, scores for COPE scales—alcohol or drug use, and focus on and venting of emotions accounted for significant amounts of variance (but only 10% and 5%, respectively) in the scores for physical health symptoms reported.
External versus Internal Attributions in Suicide and Their Implications for Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention
Authors: Lester David , Young Lin
Published: August 2011

The concept of belief of locus of control is explored for its relevance in crisis intervention and suicide prevention. Although research into the association has produced inconsistent findings, the counselor has rich possibilities for intervention, especially if belief in locus of control is explored along with feelings of powerlessness and helplessness.
Regional Associations of Methods Used for Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The pattern of associations between the suicide rates by various methods over the American states differed from that found over nations.
Responses of Low-IQ Students on the Learning Awareness Questionnaire Compared to Students Matched on Mental and Chronological Age
Authors: Kumar Surender , Harizuka Susumu , Kim Yong Seob
Published: August 2011

Learning awareness, including semantic content, response strategy, processing strategy, summarization, and memory in the classroom, were examined in students with mental retardation. From urban schools in Japan special high school students with average IQ of 60 ( n = 40) and students with normal intellectual capacity matched on mental ( n = 40) and chronological age ( n = 40) were administered a 16-item Learning Awareness Questionnaire. Students of low IQ on the Tanaka-Binet test obtained lower scores on semantic content and memory strategies than chronological or mental age-matched controls, but not on response and processing. Scores indicated that students of low IQ may be equally aware of learning processes related to response and processing strategies.
Organizational Support for Work-Personal Life Balance: Sex Differences
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This study compared perceptions of organizational support for balance of work and personal life among female and male managers and professionals. 251 women and 279 men reported similar organizational support when demographic differences were controlled. Both groups indicated only moderate organizational support for work-personal life balance.
Preliminary Investigation of Computer Stress and the Big Five Personality Factors
Authors: Hudiburg Richard A. , Pashaj Irena , Wolfe Raymond
Published: August 2011

This study investigated correlates of personality factors, measured with the Big Five Inventory, with computer users' stress, measured with the Computer Hassles Scale. Based on an analysis of the responses of 95 college students using computers, there was a significant correlation between the computer users' stress and Openness, one of the Big Five personality factors. There was a significant correlation between the Computer Hassles Scale and the somatic complaints and anxiety reactions, typical responses to stress. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that Neuroticism and Extraversion had a “buffering effect” between computer stressors and typical stress responses. The significant correlation between scores on the Computer Hassles Scale and on Openness was a surprising finding and suggested that additional research was needed to clarify the nature of this relationship.