bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORALIDADE POÉTICA E ENSINO DE LITERATURA: DIFICULDADES CONCEITUAIS, METODOLÓGICAS E PRÁTICAS QUE ENVOLVEM AS POÉTICAS ORAIS
Authors: Helena Braz Helena
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Neste estudo, realizamos reflexões acerca das poéticas orais e sua performance no espaço formal de educação e cultura. Objetivamos descrever, analisar e fundamentar os procedimentos teóricos e práticos aplicados ao trabalho com a poesia oral, e ainda, verificar algumas de suas contribuições na formação leitora do indivíduo. Nesse intuito, levantamos inicialmente a problemática conceitual e prática dos pesquisadores e profissionais que trabalham com a oralidade. Recorremos às concepções teóricas de estudiosos como: Zumthor (2007), Ferreira (2010), Fares (2010), Feitosa (2008), Todorov (2009) dentre outros. Apresentamos também os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em 2011, com um grupo de professores de Uberlândia - MG, atuantes na área de Língua Portuguesa, sobre o ensino de Literatura na rede pública. Por meio desta pesquisa e dos estudos realizados pudemos constatar que esse ensino  ocorre, muitas vezes, de forma ineficiente. Apesar dessa constatação, concluímos que metodologias voltadas para a oralidade poética e sua performance, quando utilizadas de forma sistemática e adequada, contribuem significativamente no processo de formação de leitura do aluno.  Portanto, as poéticas orais em performance poderiam ser mais valorizadas, e de fato utilizadas no contexto escolar. Palavras-chave: oralidade poética; ensino; literatura; metodologia; dificuldades.
Jornalismo em meios multissemióticos: as diferentes formas da linguagem na notícia
Authors: Martins Viviane Lima
Published: April 2018

O contato com o gênero jornalístico é de suma importância no ensino de Língua Portuguesa, haja vista que hoje vivemos a era da informação e tal gênero é um representante legítimo do que podemos classificar de Tecnologia de Comunicação e Informação. Por mais diferente que seja sua forma, o gênero jornalístico possui características e linguagem próprias em seu discurso. Porém, é preciso compreender as mudanças que a sociedade do século XXI trouxe para o modo de se expressar jornalisticamente. Desta forma, trabalhar o gênero jornalístico, comparando e analisando uma de suas principais vertentes, a notícia, em diferentes formas de discursos - impresso, televisivo e virtual – torna-se uma tarefa inovadora para o professor. Desta forma, escrever uma notícia para a mídia impresso não é o mesmo que escrevê-la para publicar na internet, ou ainda para ser noticiada em um telejornal. Trabalhar a produção de informação e sua linguagem discursiva, através do gênero jornalístico, é uma tarefa bastante interessante, que envolve observação e análise de aspectos das linguagens verbal e não-verbal, além de aproximar o aluno de um gênero bastante comum, porém, ainda pouco explorado de forma diversificada em sala de aula.
A organização socioeconômica de Goiás (1900-1944) e a estrutura do campo lexical "Trabalho" na obra de Teixeira (1944)
Authors: Rezende Rayne Mesquita , De Paula Maria Helena
Published: April 2018

Objetivamos traçar o perfil socioeconômico do estado de Goiás, em um recorte temporal que abarca as quatro primeiras décadas do século XX, mediante a investigação das unidades lexicais referentes ao campo lexical trabalho. Para tanto, utilizaremos como corpus os itens léxicos designadores das profissões, locais e instrumentos de trabalho descritos na obra “Estudos de Dialetologia Portuguesa – Linguagem de Goiás”, de José Aparecido Teixeira (1944), contidos nas seções “Prefácio” e “Glosário Regional”. Iniciamos com uma sinopse dos acontecimentos sócio-históricos, que delimitaram a constituição econômica e social de Goiás. Na sequência, apresentamos os aspectos principais da obra que nos serviu de material de estudo, seguida de uma discussão sobre a língua, cultura e léxico. Posteriormente, as unidades inventariadas foram elencadas na estrutura de campos lexicais de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos de Coseriu (1977) e Geckeler (1971) e cotejadas com informações de ordem histórica, política e econômica.
Álbum duplo: música pop e produção de subjetividades na literatura brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Laranjeira Antonio
Published: April 2018

Concebe-se o discurso literário pop a partir da convergência entre literatura e outras linguagens, mais especificamente, a da pop art. Conforme Evelina Hoisel, a pop art se alicerça nos aspectos cotidianos da sociedade de consumo, o que implica a interpenetração de técnicas e temáticas dos meios de comunicação com a cultura erudita e fragiliza as fronteiras entre alta cultura e cultura popular. Dois aspectos inscrevem Álbum Duplo – um rock romance (2013), de Paulo Henrique Ferreira, no debate acerca do discurso literário pop: a princípio, o escritor propõe para a narrativa uma trilha sonora, disponibilizada em um website; além disso, as canções desempenham papel crucial na configuração das subjetividades das personagens. Segundo Simon Frith, a música pop oferece ao indivíduo formas de ser e estar no mundo. Assim, a resposta estética não está desvinculada de questões éticas; a música pop promove um forte sentido de sociabilidade, produz identidades e possibilita a inserção do sujeito em narrativas culturais imaginárias. Pretende-se: a) discutir como são representados os modos de subjetivação que se processam na contemporaneidade, considerando o papel da cultura pop; b) problematizar a respeito da diluição das fronteiras entre erudito e popular; real e imaginário; local e global.
Guiné-Bissau: a literatura sob o viés da revolução e da poesia
Authors: De Oliveira Rosa Alda Souza
Published: April 2018

ResumoO presente trabalho propõe uma leitura da formação literária da Guiné-Bissau, sob a perspectiva da poesia e da revolução, levando em consideração os poemas da antologia Mantenhas para quem luta publicada em 1977. A proposta é a de perceber como o sujeito lírico apresenta, esteticamente, o espírito revolucionário guineense que culminou não apenas na aclamada independência, mas também na formação de um esboço literário do país. Assim, pelo viés da poesia, busca-se mostrar como esta, enquanto espaço privilegiado da utopia e da crítica mostra-se capaz de representar um determinado grupo social e um determinado tempo histórico. Nesse sentido, literatura e história além de espaços de representação, se tornam também espaços de reflexão da crítica sobre a arte e a sociedade.Palavras-Chave: Literatura; Revolução; Antologia; Guiné-Bissau.
Fantasia e ciência na Amazônia: O mundo perdido, de Arthur Conan Doyle
Authors: Da Silva Roberto José
Published: April 2018

FANTASIA E CIÊNCIA NA AMAZÔNIA: O MUNDO PERDIDO, DE ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE   Resumo Em 1912 Arthur Conan Doyle publicou O mundo perdido, ingressando na ficção científica, a partir das pesquisas científicas realizadas pelos naturalistas, biólogos e zoólogos europeus que estiveram na Amazônia no século XIX. Nessa nova produção introduziu o Professor Challenger que se tornou personagem ícone de uma série de romances de ficção científicas que viriam a ser publicados a partir dessa obra. Maple White foi o nome dado à terra encontrada num platô na bacia Amazônica, onde habitavam seres pré-históricos e Arthur Conan Doyle recorreu como pressuposto para expor e discutir teorias científicas vigentes naquele momento como, por exemplo, a origem das espécies, de Charles Darwin. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho é fazer um exame de O mundo Perdido à luz das descobertas científicas daquele momento, assim como estudar as relações entre ciência e ficção, tendo a Amazônia com cenário desse romance. Palavras-chave: Arthur Conan Doyle; ficção científica; Amazônia; literatura fantástica.         FANTAZY AND SCIENCE IN THE AMAZON: THE LOST WORLD, BY ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE Keywords In 1912 Arthur Conan Doyle published The Lost World, joining in the science fiction, from the scientific research conducted by Europeans naturalists, biologists and zoologists who went to Amazon in the nineteenth century. In this new novel Arthur Conan Doyle introduced Professor Challenger who became icon character of a series of scientific fiction novels that will be published from this work. Maple White was the name given to the land found on a plateau in the Amazon basin, where lived prehistoric beings and Arthur Conan Doyle appealed for granted to expose and discuss current scientific theories at that time, for example, the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. Thus, the aim of this study is to make an examination of The Lost World under the light of scientific findings that moment, and to study the relationship between science and fiction, been Amazon as scenary of this novel. Keywords: Arthur Conan Doyle; science fiction; Amazon; fantasy literature.
PROPOSTA DE ENSINO DA CONDICIONALIDADE EXPRESSA PELO CONECTOR SE: UMA ABORDAGEM SOCIOLINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Rodrigues Rosangela
Published: April 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o tratamento dispensado pela gramática normativa em contraponto às gramaticas propostas pela sociolinguística varicionista sobre a condicionalidade expressa pelo conector SE. O presente trabalho busca investigar correlações entre aspectos formais da condicional SE no Português do Brasil e aspectos da interpretação dessas construções determinados contextualmente.O que se propõe neste artigo é além de analisar o que prescrevem as gramáticas e as pesquisas, aproximar os conceitos da condicionalidade expressos pelo conector SE e evidenciar o seu uso em textos próximos ao aluno por meio de uma proposta de atividade que tem o objetivo de enfatizar a língua em uso e suas relações de sentido.Palavras-chave: Construções condicionais; Conector SE; Proposta de ensino.
Strażnice pożarnicze jako element krajobrazu kulturowego małych miast (na przykładzie obiektów z końca XIX i pierwszej połowy XX wieku z terenu Wielkopolski)
Authors: Lisowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2018

Od połowy XIX wieku strażnice pożarnicze zaczęły na stałe wpisywać się w krajobraz kulturowy małych miast, przez kolejne sto lat wykształcając swoje miejsce obok kościołów, ratuszy oraz innych budynków użyteczności publicznej. Umieszczano je niejednokrotnie jak najbliżej rynku, czasami w samym centrum miasta. Większe obiekty lokowano na skraju starego miasta lub w nowych dzielnicach. Niejednokrotnie swą architekturą upiększały przestrzeń wokół siebie.
¿Es oportuno hoy, el uso de simuladores en estomatología?
Authors: Gutierrez-Ventura Fredy
Published: April 2018

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Adaptación de cofias unitarias en Co-Cr elaboradas con diferentes técnicas de fabricación y sobre dos líneas de terminación
Authors: Zelada Ladrón de Guevara Cinthya Cecilia , Flores Valverde Yovana Elisa , Loarte Campos Micarla Yanira , Requena Cisneros Silvio Over , Castillo Andamayo Diana Esmeralda , Quintana del Solar Martín Gilberto
Published: April 2018

Nuevas tecnologías nos han permitido migrar de la técnica de cera perdida colada por centrifugado (CPC) a la fabricación aditiva como la fusión selectiva por láser (SLM), proporcionando una mejor adaptación marginal e interna. Objetivos: Comparar la discrepancia marginal e interna en cofi as unitarias de Co-Cr sobre 2 líneas de terminación: chamfer y bisel, fabricadas con la CPC y SLM, determinando cual tuvo mejor adaptación marginal e interna. Material y Métodos: Se tuvo 4 grupos de estudio: CPC chamfer (n=13), CPC bisel (n=13), SLM chamfer (n=13) y SLM bisel (n=13). Para evaluar la discrepancia marginal e interna se usó el método de la réplica en silicona, seccionando primero en sentido vestíbulo-palatino (V-P) y segundo en sentido mesio-distal (M-D). Se midió las zonas cervical, axial y oclusal con un estéreo microscopio a 40X. Resultados: Se evaluó los supuestos de normalidad con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk, y el análisis estadístico fue con las pruebas t de Student y U Mann-Whitney. La menor discrepancia marginal fue para la SLM chamfer con promedios menores de 24,70±10,29 μm en el corte V-P y de 21,82±5,94 μm en el corte M-D, seguido por la SLM bisel en el corte V-P de 34,12±16,23 μm y en el corte M-D de 35,34±8,91 μm. La CPC bisel en el corte V-P fue de 27,17±21,11 μm y en el corte M-D de 47,91±16,77 μm y para la CPC chamfer en el corte V-P fue de 89,65±58,39 μm y en el corte M-D de 91,72±67,13 μm; la diferencia fue estadísticamente signifi cativa solo para las cofi as de SLM chamfer comparándolas con la CPC chamfer. En la discrepancia interna los valores en los 4 grupos no tuvieron diferencias estadísticas. Conclusiones: Según los valores, la mejor adaptación marginal fue para la SLM chamfer, seguida por la SLM bisel, CPC bisel y la CPC chamfer. En cuanto a la adaptación interna, los valores no fueron concluyentes para decir que técnica fue mejor, pero se logró mejor adaptación en la zona axial que la zona oclusal.
Rehabilitación oral en paciente con alteración de la dimensión vertical oclusal aplicando un enfoque multidisciplinario
Authors: Huamani-Cantoral Juan Eduardo , Huamani-Echaccaya José Luis , Alvarado-Menacho Sergio
Published: April 2018

El objetivo de éste caso clínico fue restaurar las funciones del sistema estomatognático mediante confección de prótesis convencional combinada, restableciendo de esta manera la dimensión vertical alterada. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo masculino, 64 años de edad, edéntulo parcial superior clase II de Kennedy modifi cación 1 e inferior clase II de Kennedy, el motivo de consulta fue la atrición de las piezas dentarias antero superiores e inferiores evidenciando disminución de la dimensión vertical, se realizó tratamiento de conductos con fi nes protésicos; confección de espigos muñones y se restableció una dimensión vertical terapéutica a través de prótesis superior e inferior; para posteriormente lograr una rehabilitación defi nitiva mediante prótesis fi ja y prótesis parcial removible convencional. Las prótesis combinadas defi nitivas son los dispositivos protéticos que mantienen la dimensión vertical en el tiempo.
Potencial erosivo de jugos naturales, jugos industrializados y gaseosas. Revisión de Literatura
Authors: Ruilova Carrión Camilo Eduardo , León Arbulú Diana Cecilia , Tay Chu Jon Lidia Yileng
Published: April 2018

El estudio de las lesiones dentales de origen no carioso ha ganado un gran terreno en el último siglo, siendo cada vez más frecuente encontrar lesiones como erosión, abfracción, atrición, y abrasión. El consumo cotidiano de jugos naturales, jugos industrializados o de gaseosas postula como un factor preponderante en la etiología de la erosión dental. Existe literatura muy amplia que aborda supotencial erosivo, características de estas bebidas, la frecuencia de ingesta, edad de la persona, entre otros. El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es presentar evidencia científi ca sobre el potencial erosivo en la dentición humana de los jugos naturales, jugos industrializados y gaseosas.
Recreationists’ Perceptions of Scenic Beauty and Satisfaction at a Public Forest Managed for Endangered Wildlife
Authors: Paudyal Ramesh , Stein Taylor V. , Ober Holly K. , Swisher Mickie E. , Jokela Eric J. , Adams Damian C.
Published: April 2018

Prescribed burning and other active forest management treatments have been proven to be essential for maintaining suitable habitat conditions for many wildlife species, including the federally endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW). This study examines the perception of forest management treatments of recreation users participating in various activities (hunting, hiking/backpacking, camping, off-highway vehicle riding, and canoeing/kayaking) in terms of scenic beauty and recreation satisfaction. We used photographic images to capture various forest management treatments of different intensity levels and times after treatments, and assessed users’ perception of scenic beauty and recreation satisfaction. Results indicated variation among users participating in different recreation activities, but that good quality RCW habitat offered both higher scenic beauty and higher recreation satisfaction than poor quality habitat for most user groups. Finally, recreation satisfaction was statistically equal to perceived scenic beauty from both good and poor-quality RCW habitats for most of the user groups, thus suggesting the importance of scenic beauty on forest sites in determining recreation users’ attainment of visit satisfaction. Findings conclude that forest sites developed as good quality RCW habitat in the present state also offer quality experience to recreation users, thus supporting multi-objective forestry practices in public forests.
Microfluidic Cultivation and Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy of E. coli under Antibiotic Stress
Authors: Pilát Zdeněk , Bernatová Silvie , Ježek Jan , Kirchhoff Johanna , Tannert Astrid , Neugebauer Ute , Samek Ota , Zemánek Pavel
Published: April 2018

Analyzing the cells in various body fluids can greatly deepen the understanding of the mechanisms governing the cellular physiology. Because of the variability of physiological and metabolic states, it is important to be able to perform such studies on individual cells. Therefore, we developed an optofluidic system in which we precisely manipulated and monitored individual cells of Escherichia coli. We used laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) in a microchamber chip to manipulate and analyze individual E. coli cells. We subjected the cells to antibiotic cefotaxime, and we observed the changes by the time-lapse microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We found observable changes in the cellular morphology (cell elongation) and in Raman spectra, which were consistent with other recently published observations. We tested the capabilities of the optofluidic system and found it to be a reliable and versatile solution for this class of microbiological experiments.
Fabrication and Study of Structural, Optical Features of Nano Structured, Photo-Harvesting Organo-Lead Halide-Based Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Dhar Abhishek , Vekariya Rohit L. , Dey Argha , Roy Subhasis
Published: April 2018

In a world where conventional sources of energy are fast depleting, the quest for alternative energy sources may hold the key for the survival of humanity. In the present work, emphasis has been given to the idea of producing energy from perovskite based solar cells. In order to bring this idea into fruition, a unique and novel nano structured perovskite material n-propyl ammonium lead chloride (C3H7NH3+PbCl3⁻) was prepared through a unique co-precipitation route using n-propyl amine (n-C3H7NH2) and hydrochloric acid as the starting precursors with aqueous solution of Pb(CH3COO)23H2O. Finally acetic acid was added to the solution and this solution was allowed to concentrate and then gradually cooled down to room temperature. After math, the synthesized material was spin-coated on TiO2 film to fabricate the solar cell. The device was then undergone systematic analysis using XRD, SEM, UV and Photo Conversion to get a transparent idea regarding its structural, electrical and optical properties. When experimentally applied, this perovskite-based solar cell has shown energy conversion efficiency (η) of around 6.01 % which is noticeably good. Thus it can be concluded that this material is promising for fabrication of vastly efficient solar cells. This technology can be tried in large scale as an alternative of conventional energy in the near future.
Global Asbestos Disaster
Authors: Furuya Sugio , Chimed-Ochir Odgerel , Takahashi Ken , David Annette , Takala Jukka
Published: April 2018

Background. Asbestos has been used for thousands of years but in a large industrial scale for about 100–150 years. The first identified disease was asbestosis, a type of incurable pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos dust and fibres. The latest estimate of global number of asbestosis deaths from the Global Burden of Disease estimate 2016 is 3495. Asbestos caused cancer was identified in the late 1930’s but despite of today’s overwhelming evidence of the strong carcinogenicity of all asbestos types including chrysotile it is still widely used globally. Various estimates have been made over time including those of WHO and ILO 107,000–112,000 deaths. Present estimates are radically higher. This special edition of the Journal summarizes key aspects of the past and present of the asbestos problem globally. Methods. Documentation on milestones of asbestos related diseases, ARDs, their recognition, reporting, compensation and prevention efforts were examined, in particular from the regulatory and prevention point of view. Estimated global numbers of incidence and mortality of ARDs were looked at. Results. Asbestos causes an estimated 257,000 deaths (243,223–270,635) annually according to latest knowledge. Work-related exposures are responsible for 235,000 deaths (222,322–247,363) of those. In the European Union, USA and in other High income economies (WHO regional classification) the direct costs for sickness, early retirement and death, including production losses, have been estimated to be very high, in the Western European countries and EU equivalent of 0.70% of the GDP or 114.9*109 USD. Intangible costs could be much higher. When applying the Value of Statistical Life (VSL) of 4 million EUR per cancer death used by the European Commission we arrived 5at 410*109 USD while the human suffering and loss of life is impossible to quantify. The numbers and costs are increasing practically in every country and region in the world. Asbestos has been banned in 55 countries but used widely today, some 2,030,000 tons consumed annually according to latest available consumption data. Every 20 tons of asbestos produced and consumed kills a person somewhere in the world. Buying 1 kg asbestos powder format e.g. in Asia costs some 0.38 USD and 20 tons would cost in such retail market 7600 USD. Conclusions. Present efforts to eliminate this man-made problem, in fact an epidemiological disaster, and preventing exposures leading to it are insufficient in most countries in the world. Applying programmes and policies, such as those on the elimination of all kind of asbestos use—that is banning of new asbestos use and tight control and management of existing structures containing asbestos—need revision and resources. The ILO/WHO Joint Programme for the Elimination of Asbestos-related Diseases need to be revitalized. Exposure limits do not protect properly against cancer but for asbestos removal and equivalent exposure elimination work we propose a limit value of 1000 fibres/m3.
PERMAINAN POLYDRON DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yuliati Siti Rohmi , Siregar Rosinar , Sari Rina Permata
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research is to increase the learning process of Mathematic on second grade by using Polydron Game. The result shows the signs of: (1) Students’s Behaviour Change on Mathematic learning process, (2) Students’s Result of the learning process was not familiar with the game method for the learning, (3) Teachers’s creativity implementation using Polydron game method has been appropriate and on satisfying level. Based on the results, it can be concluded that students are excited with Polydron game as geometry learning method, but the conventional method must be kept so that the students’ learning result will be better.

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan proses belajar Matematika pada kelas II dengan menggunakan permainan Polydron. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hal sebagai berikut: (1) Perubahan Perilaku Siswa pada proses pembelajaran Matematika,(2) Hasil proses belajar menunjukkan bahwa dalam pembelajaran siswa tidak akrab dengan metode game, (3) kreativitas Guru menggunakan metode Polydron permainan telah sesuai dan memuaskan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa sangat antusias dengan permainan Polydron pada metode pembelajaran geometri. Tetapi metode konvensional tetap harus dijaga sehingga hasil belajar siswa akan menjadi lebih baik.
Use of Drones for Oilfield Equipment Inventory
Authors: Freed T. , Medizade M. M. , Duong A.
Published: April 2018

Oilfield tubulars (typically metallic pipes) and other types of oilfield equipment are typically stored in outdoor areas and may be scattered around the field. Managing these types of inventory is challenging and costly, as it requires significant labor resources. Therefore, inventory inaccuracy is common, and data-driven decisions may not be possible in a timely manner.

We propose the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) for tracking oilfield tubulars and similar, outdoor-stored, equipment. Our proposed application utilizes passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID technology that enables capturing unique serial identification numbers that are attached to inventory items from a distance of several meters.

Passive UHF RFID tags require no batteries to operate. Typical tag cost is low. Each tag is placed on an inventory item and corresponds to a database entry containing specific information about this item. The tag communicates its serial number using power provided by an RFID reader radio transmission. The RFID reader is securely mounted to the underside of a UAV flown over the field. Captured RFID tags are either stored locally and retrieved once the UAV lands, or are wirelessly transmitted to a constantly updating inventory database. In addition to tag ID, the captured data typically includes time and date stamp, as well as location data.

This research project included the design and manufacturing of an enclosure to house a RFID reader system which includes a host computer, embedded reader, antenna, power source, and necessary components for user interface. Specialized mounts were designed and manufactured to attach the enclosure and antenna to the UAV. The project incorporated the development of "middleware", specialized software installed on the host computer to communicate with the reader. The reader handles low-level communication with the antenna. To reduce network traffic, event management and data filtering are efficiently performed.

The results of several UAV flights in experimental areas are presented and discussed. Various brands of passive RFID tags for oilfield applications were tested. Particular attention was given to population density of the items, stacking configuration, vertical altitude distance between reader and tags, and time to collect inventory data for a given area of surveillance. As RFID applications are increasing in the oil, gas, solar, and other sectors of the energy production industries, UAVs can effectively be used to get important operational and inventory data. UAV use is particularly appealing in inaccessible and remote locations.
Principle Component Analysis Methods for Covariance Localization in the Ensemble Kalman Filter History Matching
Authors: Jiang Junzhe , Gorell Sheldon
Published: April 2018

History matching is a widely used reservoir simulation workflow. Its goal is to create models which reasonably match historical field injection and production data so future predictions can be made. Many methods have been developed in the past to try to solve this problem. One set of methods that have been those that involve ensemble data assimilation. An example is the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), which has been widely implemented. A key issue with ensemble methods is that Under sampling can severely degrade the reliability of the estimation. In this paper we introduce a new method to improve the result quality in ensemble data assimilation methods.
Investigation of Modified Water Chemistry for Improved Oil Recovery: Application of DLVO Theory and Surface Complexation Model
Authors: Sanaei Alireza , Tavassoli Shayan , Sepehrnoori Kamy
Published: April 2018

It is widely accepted that oil recovery during waterflooding can be improved by modifying the composition of the injected brine. A typical approach is diluting the formation water to a specific lower salinity. However, recent experimental studies report the adverse effect of formation water dilution on oil recovery for specific oil/brine/rock systems. The adverse effect depends on the interactions within the system and is more pronounced in carbonates. In this study, we investigated the effect of water composition on the performance of low salinity water injection by considering the complex interplay interaction of oil, brine, and rock system.

We used a coupled in-house compositional simulator and geochemical (IPhreeqc) framework for this study. Using this simulator we were able to capture true physics of the modified salinity waterflooding process. First, employing PHREEQC, we developed a surface complexation model for oil and rock surfaces to calculate the zeta-potential at these two surfaces. Second, we considered a water film between oil and rock and used DLVO theory to calculate the attractive/repulsive forces between oil and rock surfaces. Furthermore, we used the augmented Young-Laplace equation to calculate the resulting contact angle of the system. Then, we defined an interpolating parameter as a function of the calculated contact angle to predict wettability alteration. Finally, the geochemistry model was implemented in UTCOMP-IPhreeqc to investigate the effect of modified salinity water injection on wettability alteration and enhanced oil recovery. In order to validate our approach, the results of our simulations were compared with a recently published coreflood experiment.

Our results show that in carbonates, the charge of the oil/brine and rock/brine surfaces is a determining factor for the success of modified salinity waterflooding. Our contact angle calculations using DLVO theory and the augmented Young-Laplace equation accurately estimated the dynamic trend of contact angle during low salinity flood. Moreover, our zeta potential calculations based on surface complexation model reproduced the experimental data of oil/brine and brine/calcite zeta potential measurements. Modeling wettability alteration as a function of contact angle was sufficient to predict the low salinity effect in carbonates. Similar approach can be used to model low salinity effect in sandstones. We believe this is the first study that a comprehensive compositional reactive transport simulator is used to assess modified salinity waterflooding as a function of contact angle, employing DLVO theory and surface complexation model.
Improving Diversion Efficiency in Re-Fracturing by Using Engineered Solid Particulate Diverters
Authors: Huang J. , Safari R. , Fragachán F. E. , Smith C.
Published: April 2018

Currently, solid particulate diverters are frequently used for fluid stimulations, including fracturing, refracturing and acidizing. To ensure the success of a diversion operation, the most common strategy is to increase the amount of solid particles used in each stage to achieve diversion; however, this could lead to the excessive job costs, longer clean-up times and even, in extreme cases wellbore blockage. The success of these diversion treatments is truly dictated by the mechanical characteristics and wellbore displacement of the pumped solid diverters. A full understanding of the underlying mechanism of jamming and plugging can aid in the design and pumping of the particulate diverters efficiently. In this study, an integrated analysis is performed prior to a planned re-frac treatment to assess and improve the diverter application design.

Using the experimental data, an integrated analysis was conducted to quantify the influence of solid particle design on the jamming and plugging process and hence the diversion efficiency. Both a CFDDEM model and a 3D fracture simulator were used to model particle transport and the diversion process prior to a re-fracturing operation. The overall conductive reservoir volume and associated production was predicted to compare and contrast the fluid diversion efficiency between different design plans, as engineered vs. non-engineered solid particulate diverters.

From our analysis, engineered solid particulate diverters can seal the openings and build-up enough pressure to redirect fracturing fluid, as suggested from both the experiments and the numerical simulations. Non-engineered solid particles could fail in blocking the opening or cannot build sufficient pressure required for effective diversion. In this case study, by using the fit-for-purpose particle design, including size, ratio and concentration, the engineered solid particle diverter can effectively plug the active perforations and redistribute the fracturing fluid into non-active perforations to create additional fractures to boost production.

According to our case study, the particle design can be engineered properly to enhance the diversion efficiency and also optimize the usage of diverters. The presented design workflow and analysis will better enable us to design and customize solid particles for efficient fluid diversion.
Proppant Shape Effect on Dynamic Conductivity of a Fracture Filled with Proppant
Authors: Mollanouri-Shamsi M. M. , Aminzadeh F. , Jessen K.
Published: April 2018

Many studies showed that the particle shape has a significant effect on mechanical properties of sands. We are investigating the effect of proppant angularity on the dynamic conductivity of a fracture filled with proppant by simulating the irregularly shaped proppant. Our previous publication showed the important effect of grain size distribution. We showed numerically with the combination of Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) that well--graded proppant--pack can keep the fracture open for longer time. Following the previous study, we are focusing on the proppant shape effect on the conductivity of a well-graded proppant--pack. By applying sphere clumping method in DEM, we generated the semi-real shape of sand. Four groups of grains with different angularities, including high angular, medium angular, rounded grains, and spherical particles are generated randomly and packed uniformly. By applying the real condition of fracture on each proppant--pack numerically with DEM, we simulated the physics behind the fracture closing and monitored the width of the proppant--pack/fracture dynamically. Simultaneously, we calculated permeability of each proppant--pack by LBM to be able to evaluate the dynamic conductivity of each proppant--pack. Our results showed the effect of angularity on the stability of the proppant--pack. Angular proppant could keep the fracture open for the much longer time in comparison with spherical or rounded proppant grains. Furthermore, it showed that angularity can affect the permeability of the proppant--pack and well graded angular proppant--pack has lower permeability and spherical proppant-pack has the higher permeability. We reached this conclusion that there is a level in angularity of proppant that we have the most efficient pack of proppant for higher conductivity. The proposed workflow provides an effective approach for analyzing production dynamics related to variable proppant conductivity and provides a path for optimizing the proppant size distribution and shape based on expected variations in the stress field.
Design and Development of Data-Driven Screening Tools for Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes
Authors: Yalgin G. , Zarepakzad N. , Artun E. , Durgut I. , Kok M. V.
Published: April 2018

Computationally efficient screening and forecasting tools can offer faster decision-making and value- creation opportunities for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations without requiring a high-fidelity reservoir model. In this paper, we present a data-driven modeling approach utilizing numerical models and neural networks (ANN) to screen EOR methods in a rapid way. Numerical modeling is employed to generate the data for the training of the neural-network based data-driven model. It is aimed to develop comprehensive and globally applicable screening tools that can be used to identify reservoirs where the EOR method would be applicable through estimation of performance indicators, such as utilization efficiency. Important process variables related to the EOR method are identified and grouped, while also defining their limits and statistical distributions. A large number of scenarios are generated and run using the numerical model that represents the EOR method under consideration. A simple yet representative performance indicator is defined and calculated for each scenario, which takes into account both additional income due to incremental oil recovery and the cost of the injected agent. Considering annual volumes in the calculation and evaluating the time-dependency of the performance indicator allow to incorporate time-value of the money. Finally, the knowledge base is used to train a neural network that can capture the signatures within the dataset through an iterative training process. This methodology is explained by highlighting important components of the workflow as well as best practices of each step. Results of two example applications are summarized: 1) Cyclic steam injection, 2) Polymer flooding. The results indicated that presented methodology can be successfully followed for different EOR methods. In both cases, the data-driven screening model was able to predict the efficiency indicator within acceptable accuracy levels and identified the degree of success of each method under different reservoir and operational conditions. Comparison of sensitivities between numerical and data-driven models showed that the data-driven model captured the physics of both problems as reflected by the numerical model. Predicting the indicator at 2-year intervals allowed to estimate the feasibility as a function of time.
Effect of Well Configuration and Flow Rate on Geomechanical Stability of a Fault during Recovery of Fault-Banked Oil
Authors: Asaithambi Renuhaa , Jha Birendra
Published: April 2018

Recovery of bypassed oil banked against non-conductive faults in heavily-faulted and stress-sensitive reservoirs such as the Wilmington and Kern River fields of California can raise concerns of fault destabilization. Here, we investigate the effects of well configuration and well flow rate on the changes in stress and mechanical stability of a fault during recovery of fault-banked oil. We use a computational framework of coupled flow, geomechanics and Coulomb failure to quantify the evolution of fault stresses for different configurations and flow rates of two wells located across the fault. In the case of two producers across the fault, we find that the fault stability is determined by the difference in flow rates of the two producers. A smaller difference in well rates result into a smaller difference in pressure across the fault, which leads to a smaller rate of destabilization. In case of an injector-producer pair placed across the fault, a smaller difference in the flow rates results into a larger destabilization of the fault. We conclude that the inevitability of producing or injecting close to a fault requires detailed geomechanical studies to evaluate the effects of existing and planned well locations and well rates on fault stability. Using our coupled simulation framework, we show that both well configuration and rates play important roles in determining the stability of a fault. Results from this study can be incorporated into geomechanical hazard analysis of fault-banked oil operations around California.
Using Deep Learning and Computer Vision Techniques to Improve Facility Corrosion Risk Management Systems
Authors: Ejimuda C. C. , Ejimuda C. M.
Published: April 2018

During fit for service or corrosion risk assessments of oil and gas facility systems, a key parameter required to design and implement an effective risk management strategy is visual inspection. This paper explains how using state of the art computer vision and deep learning techniques could address such challenges. We mainly used the python programming language, Tensorflow Application Programming Interface, Resnet deep learning architecture, GPU machines and cloud computing technologies to achieve this. Beyond the challenges of obtaining sufficient corrosion defects data, our final solution is a systematic method that would assist field personnels, facility engineers, service companies and management more accurately detect corrosion defect types and failure modes unbiasedly. This leads to more cost effective and quicker recommendation of preventive or corrective measures.
Evolution of CO2 Utilization Ratio and CO2 Storage under DifferentCO2 - EOR Operating Strategies: A Case Study on SACROC Unit Permian Basin
Authors: Hosseininoosheri P. , Hosseini S. A. , Nunez-Lopez V. , Lake L. W.
Published: April 2018

There are several parameters affecting the net and gross CO2 utilizations during a CO2-EOR process. Although many of the parameters cannot be changed for a specific hydrocarbon reservoir, the field development strategy is one of the parameters that could be chosen in a way to get the most favorable CO2 utilization ratios, oil production, and CO2 storage. This paper presents a field scale compositional reservoir fluid flow model in the SACROC (Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee) unit, Permian Basin. The model was developed to investigate the impact of various injection scenarios, such as CGI (Continuous Gas Injection) and WAG (Water Alternating Gas) on CO2 utilization ratio, oil production, and CO2 storage during CO2 injection. Additionally, we demonstrated the amount of stored CO2 in different phases: dissolved in brine, miscible in oil, residual CO2, and mobile CO2 and correlated the contribution of different trapping mechanisms to the utilization ratios. A high-resolution geocellular model, which was constructed based on wire-line logs, seismic surveys, core data, and stratigraphic interpretation, is used for numerical simulations. Previous studies skipped the history matching of the field; however, the initial distribution of fluids plays an important role in CO2–EOR efficiency. Therefore, a comprehensive history matching of primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery was conducted for this study. The history matching process included matching the average reservoir pressure, the oil and water production, and most importantly the gas production. The results show that the utilization ratio is not a constant number and evolves during the injection period. The results of this study also shows how the evolution of oil miscibility trapping over the injection time controls the evolution of net CO2 utilization ratios. CGI showed higher utilization ratios than WAG. We also compared both the total stored amount and the amount of stored CO2 in different phases. Finally, we compared the amount of produced oil for the assumed field development strategies. Results show that the amount of produced oil by WAG and CGI are so close. Among the various scenarios explored, WAG seems be a promising operational approach to balance both storage and oil production. The present work provides valuable insights for optimizing oil production and CO2 storage based on the evolution of net CO2 utilization ratios.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Injection Parameters on Proppant Transport in Rough Vertical Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Huang H. , Babadagli T. , Li H. , Develi K. , Wei G.
Published: April 2018

The understanding of proppant flow through fractures is critical in evaluating the hydraulic fracturing performance. As a continuation of our experimental efforts devoted to understanding how proppant flows in rough vertical fractures, in this paper, we examine the effect of injection parameters on the proppant transport in rough vertical fractures. The effects of polymer concentration, injection rate, proppant concentration, and type of proppant were investigated in detail. Experimental results show that a sufficiently high polymer concentration is needed to enable effective proppant flow in rough fractures. In general, the relative coverage of proppants increased dramatically as the polymer concentration increased, implying that the higher viscosity of fracturing fluid could enhance the slurry's ability to place more proppant vertically into the fracture and help to maintain a better conductivity after fracturing treatment. A sufficiently high injection rate of the slurry is also needed to enable effective proppant flow in rough fractures. At certain low injection rate, the proppants carried by a low polymer solution might not exhibit a tree-like settling pattern, diminishing the effect of roughness effect on the proppant transport. This means that even in rough fractures, the tree-like settling pattern of the proppants did not necessarily occur for sure; the injection rate should be properly selected to enable such phenomenon. With other condition being kept constant, a higher proppant loading led to a higher final relative coverage of the proppants in the rough fractures. But if the injection rate used for delivering the proppants is not sufficiently high, we may encounter injectivity issues; in our lab experiments, this caused the choking of the pump. The heavier proppant (ceramic proppants) in the rough fracture models tended to suppress the tree-like settling pattern that was experienced by the lighter proppant (silica sands). This is attributed to the larger density of the ceramic proppants, leading to a larger settling velocity. In order to maximize the spreading of a given proppant over a rough fracture model, we should determine the proper values of all the essential injection parameters (including polymer solution, injection rate, proppant concentration) by striking a good balance among them. The conclusions obtained in this study shed light on how to optimize slurry injection parameters to achieve an optimal proppant-filling ratio during hydraulic fracturing.
Fracture Quantification Method with 3D X-Ray Image - Entropy-Assisted Indicator Kriging Method
Authors: Wang H. , Rabiei M. , Wang S. , Cui G.
Published: April 2018

With the low porosity and low permeability in Bakken Oilfield, the fracture as principal flow channel is of vital importance. The access to micro X-ray scanning technique makes the quantification of fracture feasible. In this paper, entropy-assisted indicator kriging method is applied to segment the CT images of a shale rock sample core. This method combines the global and local information of the grayscale value. Use triple Gaussian distributions to fit the grayscale value distribution of fracture, matrix and mineral phase respectively, to obtain the global threshold. With the threshold values, the initial segmentation can be finished. Combine the initial segmentation result with entropy function to determine the boundary pixels. Then, operate indicator kriging to classify the boundary pixels. Based on the final segmentation result, the distribution of fractures and mineral phase can be observed and quantified in 3D views: There are two fractures running through the rock sample, and detailed parameters can be seen in Table 2. The volume fraction of fracture and mineral phase is 0.64% and 1.29%, respectively.