bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Term Structure of Uncertainty: New Evidence from Survey Expectations
Authors: BINDER CAROLA , MCELROY TUCKER S. , SHENG XUGUANG S.
Published: March 2021

We construct measures of forecasters' subjective uncertainty at horizons from 1 to 5 years, using the European Central Bank's Survey of Professional Forecasters. The uncertainty curve is more linear than the disagreement curve. We document heterogeneity across forecasters in the level and the term structure of uncertainty, and show that the difference between long‐run and short‐run uncertainty is procyclical. We develop a signal extraction model that features (i) Kalman filter updating, (ii) time‐varying uncertainty, and (iii) assessment of multistep ahead uncertainty. Heterogeneous patterns of uncertainty over different horizons depend on perceived persistence and variability of the signal and the noise.
A pilot study of a family systems oriented telemental health model in rural Brazil
Authors: Springer Paul R. , Falceto Olga , Bischoff Richard J. , Barros Enrique , Scheeren Patricia , Taylor Nathan C. , Cargnin Daiana
Published: March 2021

There are large disparities in access to mental health care, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Telemental health is a viable solution to reducing these disparities, but quality research demonstrating its effectiveness is needed. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of a telemental health approach in a rural region of Brazil. Primary care providers referred patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety to a 12‐session family systems‐oriented telemental health program developed by the researchers. Participants (n = 10) received therapy by family systems trained therapists. While sessions were delivered via telemental health, each received one face‐to‐face session as part of the treatment regimen. Results from the one‐tailed t‐tests indicate reductions in psychosocial symptoms and improvements in family functioning with medium and large effect sizes. Findings reveal that a family systems‐oriented telemental health approach is a promising intervention for improving mental health outcomes in a middle‐income country.
Neuronal apoptosis induced by morphine withdrawal is mediated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor
Authors: Asuni Gino P. , Speidell Andrew , Mocchetti Italo
Published: March 2021

Morphine withdrawal evokes neuronal apoptosis through mechanisms that are still under investigation. We have previously shown that morphine withdrawal increases the levels of pro‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a proneurotrophin that promotes neuronal apoptosis through the binding and activation of the pan‐neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR). In this work, we sought to examine whether morphine withdrawal increases p75NTR‐driven signaling events. We employed a repeated morphine treatment‐withdrawal paradigm in order to investigate biochemical and histological indicators of p75NTR‐mediated neuronal apoptosis in mice. We found that repeated cycles of spontaneous morphine withdrawal promote an accumulation of p75NTR in hippocampal synapses. At the same time, TrkB, the receptor that is crucial for BDNF‐mediated synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, was decreased, suggesting that withdrawal alters the neurotrophin receptor environment to favor synaptic remodeling and apoptosis. Indeed, we observed evidence of neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, including activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and increased active caspase‐3. These effects were not seen in saline or morphine‐treated mice which had not undergone withdrawal. To determine whether p75NTR was necessary in promoting these outcomes, we repeated these experiments in p75NTR heterozygous mice. The lack of one p75NTR allele was sufficient to prevent the increases in phosphorylated JNK and active caspase‐3. Our results suggest that p75NTR participates in the neurotoxic and proinflammatory state evoked by morphine withdrawal. Because p75NTR activation negatively influences synaptic repair and promotes cell death, preventing opioid withdrawal is crucial for reducing neurotoxic mechanisms accompanying opioid use disorders.

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A microanatomical and histological study of the scales of the Devonian sarcopterygianMiguashaia bureauiand the evolution of the squamation in coelacanths
Authors: Mondéjar‐Fernández Jorge , Meunier François J. , Cloutier Richard , Clément Gaël , Laurin Michel
Published: March 2021

Coelacanths have traditionally been described as morphologically conservative throughout their long evolutionary history, which spans more than 400 million years. After an initial burst during the Devonian, a morphological stasis was long thought to have prevailed since the Carboniferous, as shown by the extantLatimeria. New fossil discoveries have challenged this view, with punctual and sometimes unusual departures from the general coelacanth Bauplan. The dermal skeleton is considered to represent one, if not the main, example of morphological stasis in coelacanth evolution and as a consequence, has remained poorly surveyed. The lack of palaeohistological data on the dermoskeleton has resulted in a poor understanding of the early establishment and evolution of the coelacanth squamation. Here we describe the scales ofMiguashaia bureauifrom the Upper Devonian of Miguasha, Québec (Canada), revealing histological data for a Palaeozoic coelacanth in great detail and adding to our knowledge on the dermal skeleton of sarcopterygians.Miguashaiadisplays rounded scales ornamented by tubercules and narrow ridges made of dentine and capped with enamel. At least two generations of superimposed odontodes occur, which is reminiscent of the primitive condition of stem osteichthyans likeAndreolepisorLophosteus, and onychodonts likeSelenodus. The middle vascular layer is well developed and shows traces of osteonal remodelling. The basal plate consists of a fully mineralised lamellar bone with a repetitive rotation pattern every five layers indicating a twisted plywood‐like arrangement of the collagen plies. Comparisons with the extantLatimeriaand other extinct taxa show that these features are consistently conserved across coelacanth evolution with only minute changes in certain taxa. The morphological and histological features displayed in the scales ofMiguashaiaenable us to draw a comprehensive picture of the onset of the coelacanth squamation and to propose and discuss evolutionary scenarios for the coelacanth dermoskeleton.
The effect of 577‐nm pro‐yellow laser on demodex density in patients with rosacea
Authors: Temiz Selami Aykut , Durmaz Koray , Işık Begüm , Ataseven Arzu , Dursun Recep
Published: March 2021

Background

The pro‐yellow laser is a yellow light wavelength (577‐nm) laser system. Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder that occurs with facial flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. Demodex parasites (Demodex folliculorum and brevis) also play a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.

Aim

The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of pro‐yellow laser on demodex density (Dd) in patients with rosacea.

Patients/Methods

This retrospective study was planned for the patients with rosacea whose demodex mite densities were examined and treated with pro‐yellow laser and were evaluated between 2019 and 2020 in the cosmetology unit. The laser light was applied at a dose of 20 J/cm2 in the scanner mode (the 80% coverage) in all the patients. The demodex density per cm2 was routinely evaluated before the treatment, and the demodex density values in the fourth week after the treatment were recorded from the patients' files.

Results

There were 27 females (79.4%) and seven males (20.6%) evaluated in the study. While the demodex density was 18.1 ± 10.7 (min: 0–max: 48, Q1:12–Q3:22) per cm2 before the pro‐yellow laser treatment in the cases, the demodex density was 10.2 ± 7.9 (min: 0–max: 30, Q1:4.75–Q3:12) per cm2 in the fourth week after the treatment. After the pro‐yellow laser treatment, the demodex intensity decreased significantly compared to before the laser treatment (p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the decrease in the density of the demodex mite and the success of the treatment (p = 0.46).

Conclusion

This is the first study in the literature investigating the change in demodex density in rosacea patients treated with pro‐yellow laser therapy. In this study, it was shown that pro‐yellow laser treatment is effective in reducing the density of demodex.
SNHG15 facilitated malignant behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma through targeting miR‐188‐5p/DAAM1
Authors: Wang Tongwu , Liang Dong , Yang Hongyu
Published: March 2021

Background

Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) has been discovered and demonstrated to have significant function in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, how it participates in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its potential regulatory system are still unclear.

Methods

RT‐qPCR detected the expression of SNHG15, miR‐188‐5p, and DAAM1. RNA pull down, RT‐qPCR, and bioinformatics were used for finding and selecting downstream targets of SNHG15.

Results

SNHG15 presented a high expression in OSCC cells. Moreover, inhibition of SNHG15 exhibited repressive influence on proliferative, migrated, and invasive abilities but induce apoptosis of OSCC cells. Through the search of bioinformatics and RNA pull down assays, we confirmed that miR‐188‐5p was one target of SNHG15 in OSCC cells. Additionally, miR‐188‐5p could hamper the growth of OSCC cells. Moreover, it was manifested that DAAM1 was down‐regulated by miR‐188‐5p. DAAM1 was up‐regulated in OSCC cells. Furthermore, it exerted oncogenic function in the course of OSCC. Eventually, overexpression of DAAM1 offsets the effects of down‐regulation of SNHG15 on the development of OSCC.

Conclusion

To summarize, our study certified that SNHG15 contributed to the process of OSCC via sponging miR‐188‐5p to elevate DAAM1 expression. SNHG15 might offer novel sight to improve the results of treatment for OSCC.
Is it un‐American to view the police as illegitimate? The role of national identity in the legal socialization process
Authors: Wolfe Scott E. , McLean Kyle
Published: March 2021

The development of police legitimacy evaluations is a core component of the legal socialization process. Research has identified many factors that impact peoples’ perceptions of legitimacy such as social and ethnic identity, but the role of American identity has yet to be examined. This study attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that impact legal socialization by examining the relationship between American identity and police legitimacy evaluations. Using a sample of 2086 adults from the United States, we found that people with a stronger American identity were more likely to believe the police are a legitimate authority after accounting for other known predictors of legitimacy. The results demonstrate that national identity may be play a key role in the legal socialization process and partially shape peoples’ evaluations of police legitimacy regardless of the content and quality of interactions they have with the police.
Mitigating rumen methane and enhancing fermentation using rambutan fruit peel powder and urea in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Ampapon Thiwakorn , Wanapat Metha
Published: March 2021

The experiment was designed to study the use of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) with urea (U) supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane (CH4) production, milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein crossbred lactating dairy cows, with starting liveweight of 450 ± 15 kg with 130 ± 10 DIM (days‐in‐milk), were randomly allocated to respective treatments: without supplementation (control; T1), supplementation of urea (U) at 90 g/hd/day (T2), supplementation of RP at 450 g/hd/day (T3) and supplementation of RPU (RP at 450 g/hd/day and U 90 g/hd/day) (T4), respectively, using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results showed that the U, RP and RPU supplementation did not change feed intakes (p > 0.05) and digestibilities of DM and OM were similar. However, digestibilities of CP and NDF were increased in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Acetate production was decreased, while propionate production was dramatically increased (p < 0.05) in both the RP and RPU groups respectively. Notably, the ratio of C2:C3, protozoal population and CH4 production was reduced in both the RP and RPU groups. In addition, nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion were significantly higher while nitrogen retention was increased in the U and RPU groups. Allantoin excretion and absorption, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of microbial N supply were increased in the U and RPU supplementation groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, milk yield, milk fat and total solids were significantly enhanced in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 3.5% FCM was increased (p < 0.05) while milk protein, lactose, solids‐not‐fat and milk urea nitrogen were not altered (p > 0.05). Supplementation of either U or RPU significantly improved fibre digestibilities, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, reduced protozoal population, mitigated CH4 production and enhanced milk yield and milk composition.
Colonic 5‐HT4 receptors are targets for novel prokinetic drugs
Authors: Galligan James J.
Published: March 2021

5‐HT4 receptors are G protein‐coupled receptors that link to the stimulatory protein Gs which activates adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic AMP which then activates protein kinase A (PKA). 5‐HT4 receptors are expressed by neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems especially the enteric nervous system (ENS). In general, 5‐HT4 receptors are stimulatory and their activation in the ENS enhances neurotransmitter release and propulsive motility patterns. 5‐HT4 receptors are expressed by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, Goblet cells, and most enteric neurons. The study by Konen and colleagues in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility features two novel 5‐HT4 receptor agonists (5‐HT4‐LA1 and 5‐HT4‐LA‐2) that are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of mice and act locally in the colonic mucosa to stimulate propulsive motility. The authors show that 5‐HT4‐LA1 and 5‐HT4‐LA2 were not absorbed from the colon and that both drugs stimulated colonic transit when administered by gavage. Both agonists stimulated colonic glass bead expulsion, and 5‐HT4LA1 activation stimulated fecal output and increased fecal water content. These effects were detected in young and aged mice. 5‐HT4 receptors were also localized to the epithelium of the human duodenum, ileum, and colon. These studies highlight novel 5‐HT4 receptor agonists that have prokinetic actions on the GI tract. These drugs are not absorbed and act locally in the gut mucosa to stimulate propulsive motility while minimizing access to systemic 5‐HT4 receptors and avoiding potential unwanted side effects.
Left atrial wall thickness of the pulmonary vein reconnection sites during atrial fibrillation redo procedures
Authors: Teres Cheryl , Soto‐Iglesias David , Penela Diego , Jáuregui Beatriz , Ordoñez Augusto , Chauca Alfredo , Huguet Marina , Ramírez‐Paesano Carlos , Oller Guillermo , Jornet Agustí , Palet Jordi , Santana David , Panaro Alejandro , Maldonado Giuliana , de Leon Gustavo , Gualis Belen , Jimenez‐Britez Gustavo , Evangelista Arturo , Carballo Julio , Ortiz‐Perez José T. , Berruezo Antonio
Published: March 2021

Background

Left atrial wall thickness (LAWT) has been related to pulmonary vein (PV) reconnections after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The aim was to integrate 3D‐LAWT maps in the navigation system and analyze the relationship with local reconnection sites during AF‐redo procedures.

Methods

Consecutive patients referred for AF‐redo ablation were included. Procedure was performed using a single catheter technique. LAWT maps obtained from multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) were imported into the navigation system. LAWT of the circumferential PV line, the reconnected segment and the reconnected point, were analyzed.

Results

Sixty patients [44 (73%) male, age 61 ± 10 years] were included. All reconnected veins were isolated using a single catheter technique with 55 min (IQR 47–67) procedure time and 75 s (IQR 50–120) fluoroscopy time. Mean LAWT of the circumferential PV line was 1.46 ± 0.22 mm. The reconnected segment was thicker than the rest of segments of the circumferential PV line (2.05 + 0.86 vs. 1.47 + 0.76, p < .001 for the LPVs; 1.55 + 0.57 vs. 1.27 + 0.57, p < .001 for the RPVs). Mean reconnection point wall thickness (WT) was at the 82nd percentile of the circumferential line in the LPVs and at the 82nd percentile in the RPVs.

Conclusion

A single catheter technique is feasible and efficient for AF‐redo procedures. Integrating the 3D‐LAWT map into the navigation system allows a direct periprocedural estimation of the WT at any point of the LA. Reconnection points were more frequently present in thicker segments of the PV line. The use of 3D‐LAWT maps can facilitate reconnection point identification during AF‐redo ablation.
Predictors of high‐degree conduction disturbances and pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Prognostic role of the electrophysiological study
Authors: Ferreira Thomas , Da Costa Antoine , Cerisier Alexis , Vidal Nicolas , Guichard Jean Baptiste , Romeyer Cécile , Barthelemy Jean Claude , Isaaz Karl
Published: March 2021

Background

Predictors of high‐degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are recognized, but the electrophysiological study's (EPS) role is still a subject to debate. The objective of our study was to determine factors associated with PPM implantation including the potential role of EPS before and/or after TAVR.

Methods and results

Seventy four consecutive patients (pts) were included and 21 pts (28.4%) received a PPM during the immediate postoperative follow‐ups (until Day 5): HAVB in 15 pts (71.4%), prophylactic implantation due to a documented increased HV interval ≥ 95–100 ms plus LBBB in 2 pts (9.5%), a high‐degree HV block evidenced at the EPS plus LBBB in 3 pts (14.3%) and one additional patient was implanted for AV‐block in presence of AFib (4.8%). In the multivariate model 1 including parameters before TAVR, both prosthesis diameter and PR lengthening remained significantly associated with PPM as well RBBB. In the multivariate model 2 including parameters after TAVR, only HV remained significantly associated with the risk of PPM (OR = 1.15 (1.05–1.26), p = .004). When all the significant variables in models 1 and 2 were analyzed together in model 3, only HV after TAVR remained significantly associated with an increased risk of PPM.

Conclusions

In this prospective observational study, it was revealed that a Day 4–5 EPS is likely to more precisely stratify the risk of PPM implantation regarding its ability to discover asymptomatic severe infra‐hisian conduction disturbances particularly in presence of LBBB. Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic value of HV alteration.
New‐onset atrial arrhythmias associated with mortality in black and white patients hospitalized with COVID‐19
Authors: Dagher Lilas , Shi Hanyuan , Zhao Yan , Wetherbie Andrew , Johnsen Erik , Sangani Deep , Nedunchezhian Saihariharan , Brown Margo , Miller Peter , Denson Joshua , Schieffelin John , Marrouche Nassir
Published: March 2021

Background

Specific details about cardiovascular complications, especially arrhythmias, related to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) are not well described.

Objective

We sought to evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of cardiovascular complications and new‐onset arrhythmias in Black and White hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and determine the impact of new‐onset arrhythmia on outcomes.

Methods

We collected and analyzed baseline demographic and clinical data from COVID‐19 patients hospitalized at the Tulane Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, between March 1 and May 1, 2020.

Results

Among 310 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, the mean age was 61.4 ± 16.5 years, with 58,7% females, and 67% Black patients. Black patients were more likely to be younger, have diabetes and obesity. The incidence of cardiac complications was 20%, with 9% of patients having new‐onset arrhythmia. There was no significant difference in cardiovascular outcomes between Black and White patients. A multivariate analysis determined age ≥60 years to be a predictor of new‐onset arrhythmia (OR = 7.36, 95% CI [1.95;27.76], p = .003). D‐dimer levels positively correlated with cardiac and new‐onset arrhythmic event. New onset atrial arrhythmias predicted in‐hospital mortality (OR = 2.99 95% CI [1.35;6.63], p = .007), a longer intensive care unit length of stay (mean of 6.14 days, 95% CI [2.51;9.77], p = .001) and mechanical ventilation duration(mean of 9.08 days, 95% CI [3.75;14.40], p = .001).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that new onset atrial arrhythmias are commonly encountered in COVID‐19 patients and can predict in‐hospital mortality. Early elevation in D‐dimer in COVID‐19 patients is a significant predictor of new onset arrhythmias. Our finding suggest continuous rhythm monitoring should be adopted in this patient population during hospitalization to better risk stratify hospitalized patients and prompt earlier intervention.
Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles mediate defense regulation in maize leaves but not in maize roots
Authors: van Doan Cong , Züst Tobias , Maurer Corina , Zhang Xi , Machado Ricardo A. R. , Mateo Pierre , Ye Meng , Schimmel Bernardus C. J. , Glauser Gaétan , Robert Christelle A. M.
Published: March 2021

Plant leaves that are exposed to herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) respond by increasing their defenses, a phenomenon referred to as priming. Whether this phenomenon also occurs in the roots is unknown. Using maize plants, Zea mays, whose leaves respond strongly to leaf HIPVs, we measured the impact of belowground HIPVs, emanating from roots infested by the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata, on constitutive and herbivore‐induced levels of defense‐related gene expression, phytohormones, volatile and non‐volatile primary and secondary metabolites, growth and herbivore resistance in roots of neighbouring plants. HIPV exposure did not increase constitutive or induced levels of any of the measured root traits. Furthermore, HIPV exposure did not reduce the performance or survival of D. balteata on maize or its ancestor teosinte. Cross‐exposure experiments between HIPVs from roots and leaves revealed that maize roots, in contrast to maize leaves, neither emit nor respond strongly to defense‐regulating HIPVs. Together, these results demonstrate that volatile‐mediated defense regulation is restricted to the leaves of maize. This finding is in line with the lower diffusibility of volatiles in the soil and the availability of other, potentially more efficient, information conduits below ground.
Ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia and photophobia (IFAP) and hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: Two syndromes that share a common clinical spectrum
Authors: Irurzun Inés , Natale Mónica I. , Agostinelli María L. , Lamberti Magdalena , Montero Dolores , Granda Cecilia , Mássimo José A. , Manzur Graciela B. , Valinotto Laura E.
Published: March 2021

Ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia and photophobia syndrome (IFAP) is an X‐linked inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 (MBTPS2). Clinical presentation includes ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, photophobia and developmental delay. Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD) is a dominantly inherited disease characterized by keratitis, non‐scarring alopecia, skin lesions including follicular keratosis, perineal erythema, and mucosal involvement. Recently, variants in SREBF1, a gene coding for a transcription factor related to cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, have been associated with the disease. These two syndromes share a common clinical spectrum. Here, we describe an IFAP syndrome patient with a novel variant in the MBTPS2 gene and an HMD patient with a previously reported variant in the SREBF1 gene. In addition, we present a review of the literature describing the triad characterized by non‐scarring alopecia, keratosis follicularis, and ocular symptoms common in both IFAP and HMD patients to raise awareness of these underdiagnosed diseases. We also highlight the subtle differences in clinical presentation between the two disorders to better enable differentiation.
Acral Changes in pediatric patients during COVID 19 pandemic: Registry report from the COVID 19 response task force of the society of pediatric dermatology (SPD) and pediatric dermatology research alliance (PeDRA)
Authors: Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Paller Amy S. , Bean Eric , Rangu Sneha , Oboite Michelle , Flohr Carsten , Ahmad Regina‐Celeste , Calberg Valerie , Gilliam Amy , Pope Elena , Reynolds Sean , Sibbald Cathryn , Shin Helen T. , Berger Emily , Schaffer Julie , Siegel Michael P. , Cordoro Kelly M.
Published: March 2021

Background/Objective

In spring 2020, high numbers of children presented with acral pernio‐like skin rashes, concurrent with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Understanding their clinical characteristics/ infection status may provide prognostic information and facilitate decisions about management.

Methods

A pediatric‐specific dermatology registry was created by the Pediatric Dermatology COVID‐19 Response Task Force of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) and Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) and was managed by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia using REDCap.

Results

Data from 378 children 0‐18 years entered into the registry between April 13 and July 17, 2020 were analyzed. Data were drawn from a standardized questionnaire completed by clinicians which asked for demographics, description of acral lesions, symptoms before and after acral changes, COVID‐19 positive contacts, treatment, duration of skin changes, laboratory testing including SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR and antibody testing, as well as histopathology. 229 (60.6%) were male with mean age of 13.0 years (± 3.6 years). Six (1.6%) tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Pedal lesions (often with pruritus and/or pain) were present in 96%. 30% (114/378) had COVID‐19 symptoms during the 30 days prior to presentation. Most (69%) had no other symptoms and an uneventful course with complete recovery.

Conclusions and Relevance

Children with acral pernio‐like changes were healthy and all recovered with no short‐term sequelae. We believe these acral changes are not just a temporal epiphenomenon of shelter in place during the spring months of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic and may be a late phase reaction that needs further study.
Combined liver kidney transplantation for primary hyperoxaluria type 1: Will there still be a future? Current transplantation strategies and monocentric experience
Authors: Tandoi Francesco , Cussa Davide , Peruzzi Licia , Catalano Silvia , Camilla Roberta , Mandrile Giorgia , Calvo Pier Luigi , Pinon Michele , Dell’Olio Dominic , Salizzoni Mauro , Amoroso Antonio , Romagnoli Renato
Published: March 2021

Combined liver–kidney transplantation is a therapeutic option for children affected by type 1 primary hyperoxaluria. Persistently high plasma oxalate levels may lead to kidney graft failure. It is debated whether pre‐emptive liver transplantation, followed by kidney transplantation, might be a better strategy to reduce kidney graft loss. Our experience of 6 pediatric combined liver–kidney transplants for primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in pediatric recipients was retrospectively analyzed. Plasma oxalate levels were monitored before and after transplantation. All the recipients were on hemodialysis at transplantation. Median [IQR] recipient's age at transplantation was 11 [1–14] years; in all cases, a compatible graft from a pediatric brain‐dead donor aged 8 [2–16] years was used. In a median follow‐up of 7 [2–19] years after combined liver–kidney transplantation, no child died and no liver graft failure was observed; three kidney grafts were lost, due to chronic rejection, primary non‐function, and early renal oxalate accumulation. Liver and kidney graft survival remained stable at 1, 3, and 5 years, at 100% and 85%, respectively. Kidney graft loss was the major complication in our series. Risk is higher with very young, low‐weight donors. The impact of treatment with glyoxalate pathway enzyme inhibitors treatment in children with advanced disease as well as of donor kidney preservation by ex vivo machine perfusion needs to be evaluated. At present, a case‐by‐case discussion is needed to establish an optimal treatment strategy.
Use of eltrombopag for the treatment of poor graft function after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Uria‐Oficialdegui M. Luz , Alonso Laura , Benitez‐Carabante M. Isabel , Renedo Berta , Oliveras Maria , Diaz‐de‐Heredia Cristina
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study was to determine whether Eltrombopag, a synthetic thrombopoietin receptor agonist, could improve peripheral blood counts in the three hematopoietic lineages and achieve transfusion independence in children with poor graft function (PGF) after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Retrospective study of patients under 18 years who developed PGF post‐HSCT in a large tertiary institution between January 2013 and March 2019. Out of 198 allogeneic HSCT, five patients met PGF criteria and were treated with eltrombopag. Median time from HSCT to eltrombopag initiation was 120 days. The median starting dose was 50 mg/day and the maximum dose reached was 75 mg/day. Median treatment duration was 9 months. Three patients achieved complete response and one partial response. The median dose among responders was 75 mg/day and the median time to response 8 weeks. Responses were sustained in three patients and two required a booster dose of CD34+‐selected cells from the original donor. None of the patients had to stop treatment due to adverse effects. The use of eltrombopag in children with PGF achieved responses in 80% of cases and demonstrated to be an effective and safe therapeutic option in pediatric patients with PGF.
Micromorphological and phytochemical survey of Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth
Authors: Giuliani C. , Bottoni M. , Ascrizzi R. , Milani F. , Falsini S. , Papini A. , Flamini G. , Fico G.
Published: March 2021

Within the Open Science project entitled ‘Botanic Garden, factory of molecules’, a multidisciplinary study approach was applied to Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth., at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, BS, Italy).

Micromorphological and histochemical investigations were performed on the secreting structures of the vegetative and reproductive organs under light, fuorescence and electronic microscopy. Concurrently the characterization of the volatiles spontaneously emitted from leaves and flowers were examined.

Four trichome morphotypes were identified: peltate and short‐stalked, medium‐stalked and long‐stalked capitate trichomes, each with a specific distribution pattern. The histochemical analysis was confirmed using ultrastructural observations, with the peltates and long‐stalked capitates as the main sites responsible for terpene production. The head‐space characterization revealed that sesquiterpene hydrocarbons dominated both in leaves and flowers, with γ‐muurolene, β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐nerolidol as the most abundant compounds. Moreover, a comparison with literature data concerning the ecological roles of the main compounds suggested their dominant roles in defence, both at the leaf and flower level.

Hence, we correlated the trichome morphotypes with the production of secondary metabolites in an attempt to link these data to their potential ecological roles. Finally, we made the obtained scientific knowledge available to visitors of the Botanic Garden through the realization of new labelling dedicated to B. acetabulosa that highlights the ‘invisible’, microscopic features of the plant.
Integrating multimedia documents and time‐evolving 3D city models for web visualization and navigation
Authors: Jaillot Vincent , Rigolle Valentin , Servigne Sylvie , Samuel John , Gesquière Gilles
Published: March 2021

Many geographic features such as 3D city models, real‐time sensor data and multimedia documents (photo, audio, video, etc.) are nowadays available for describing urban areas. These heterogeneous geographic features are multidimensional (spatial, thematic and temporal), can have multiple representations (text, iconography, etc.) and can be modeled using diverse formats. Browsing and crossing these features can help us to analyze and understand the past and present and plan the future evolution of cities. Furthermore, doing so in a web context allows us to share and enrich them in a collective way. In this article we propose a new generic model (GenLinkable) for integrating such features. We also propose the Gen4DCity‐Doc model which specifies GenLinkable to integrate multimedia documents and time‐evolving 3D city models for web visualization and navigation. Gen4DCity‐Doc extends previous research results by integrating new resources describing cities (multimedia documents). Gen4DCity‐Doc is implemented in a web prototype based on a four‐tier architecture using and enhancing open source software and standards. Finally, we also demonstrate that these models open up new navigation possibilities in 3D city models and in multimedia documents through a 3D web interface, which is a current challenge, especially to help researchers in urban history.
Integration by Parts: Collaboration and Topic Structure in the CogSci Community
Authors: DeStefano Isabella , Oey Lauren A. , Brockbank Erik , Vul Edward
Published: March 2021

Is cognitive science interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary? We contribute to this debate by examining the authorship structure and topic similarity of contributions to the Cognitive Science Society from 2000 to 2019. Our analysis focuses on graph theoretic features of the co‐authorship network—edge density, transitivity, and maximum subgraph size—as well as clustering within the space of scientific topics. We also combine structural and semantic information with an analysis of how authors choose their collaborators based on their interests and prior collaborations. We compare findings from CogSci to abstracts from the Vision Science Society over the same time frame and validate our approach by predicting new collaborations in the 2020 CogSci proceedings. Our results suggest that collaboration across authors and topics within cognitive science has become increasingly integrated in the last 19 years. More broadly, we argue that a formal quantitative approach which combines structural co‐authorship information and semantic topic analysis provides inroads to questions about the level of interdisciplinary collaboration in a scientific community.
Retrospective review of diphenhydramine versus diphenhydramine plus glucocorticoid for treatment of uncomplicated allergic reaction in dogs
Authors: Helgeson Megan E. , Pigott Armi M. , Kierski Kate R.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To report the outcome of treatment of uncomplicated allergic reactions in dogs with diphenhydramine vs diphenhydramine plus glucocorticoid and to determine the incidence rate of uncomplicated allergic reactions

Design

Retrospective study between January 1, 2012 and August 15, 2018.

Setting

Privately owned, 24‐hour emergency and specialty referral veterinary hospital.

Animals

Eight hundred and eighty cases of dogs treated for uncomplicated allergic reaction with diphenhydramine alone or in combination with a glucocorticoid.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and main results

Two hundred ninety‐nine dogs were treated with diphenhydramine alone, and 581 were treated with diphenhydramine plus Dex SP. There was no difference between the 2 groups for response to initial therapy, need for additional veterinary intervention after discharge, or persistent signs at follow‐up. The cumulative incidence of emergency department presentation for uncomplicated allergic reaction in this hospital was 1.2%.

Conclusions

There was no difference in measured outcomes between dogs treated with diphenhydramine alone vs those treated with a glucocorticoid in addition to diphenhydramine in this population of dogs.
Preventing the cross‐border spread of zoonotic diseases: Multisectoral community engagement to characterize animal mobility—Uganda, 2020
Authors: Medley Alexandra Marie , Gasanani Jonan , Nyolimati Ceaser Adibaku , McIntyre Elvira , Ward Sarah , Okuyo Bosco , Kabiito Duncan , Bender Cristel , Jafari Zainab , LaMorde Mohammed , Babigumira Peter Ahabwe , Nakiire Lydia , Agwang Constance , Merrill Rebecca , Ndumu Deo , Doris Kiconco
Published: March 2021

In Uganda, the borders are highly porous to animal movement, which may contribute to zoonotic disease spread. We piloted an animal adaptation of an existing human‐focused toolkit to collect data on animal movement patterns and interactions to inform One Health programs. During January 2020, we conducted focus group discussions and key informant interviews with participatory mapping of 2 national‐level One Health stakeholders and 2 local‐level abattoir representatives from Kampala. Zoonotic disease hotspots changed in 2020 compared with reports from 2017–2019. In contrast to local‐level participants, national‐level participants highlighted districts rather than specific locations. Everyone discussed livestock species; only national‐level participants mentioned wildlife. Participants described seasonality differently. Stakeholders used the results to identify locations for zoonotic disease interventions and sites for future data collection. This implementation of an animal‐adapted population mobility mapping exercise highlights the importance of multisectoral initiatives to promote One Health border health approaches.
Effects of shockwave therapy on pain and disability in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Tang Zhi Yin , Wee Jewel Jing Yi , Lim Hanniel Han Rong
Published: March 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study is to systematically review randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of shockwave therapy with other forms of interventions on pain and disability in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Introduction:

Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in which rotator cuff tendons are usually affected. Shockwave therapy is a novel conservative treatment option for rotator cuff–related shoulder pain. A systematic review in 2004 reported conflicting results on the effectiveness of shockwave therapy in treating chronic rotator cuff tendonitis, whereby it is effective for calcific rotator cuff tendonitis but not for non-calcific ones. Hence, it is timely to review this topic with the addition of results from studies published since 2004.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider randomized controlled trials that have evaluated shockwave therapy delivered via radial or focused extracorporeal means in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy without restrictions of race, gender, and age. Studies comparing individuals receiving shockwave therapy of varying dosages will be excluded in this review.

Methods:

A three-step search strategy will be used to locate studies published in English from databases. No search restrictions will be applied regarding the year of publication. Study selection, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Data will be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis, where possible. A funnel plot will be generated to detect any potential publication bias. The quality of the evidence will be analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020160166.
Digital Twin-Driven Rapid Customized Design of Board-Type Furniture Production Line
Authors: Yan Douxi , Liu Qiang , Leng Jiewu , Zhang Ding , Zhao Rongli , Zhang Hao , Wei Lijun
Published: March 2021

The mass personalization paradigm requires manufacturing enterprises to adapt to market changes quickly to meet customer demands. It also imposes higher requirements for designing intelligent production lines. Based on the digital twin (DT) technology, a rapid customized design method is proposed for developing new board-type furniture production lines. The DT has the characteristics of interactive virtual-reality mapping and fusion. It could provide design guidance and decision-support services in the design phase, yield the engineering analyzing ability to solve coupled problems, and finally generate the authoritative design scheme of the manufacturing system. A production line design platform is developed based on the DT model, which can parallelize the design process and reduce the design cycle. The parallel control between the physical world and digital space is achieved by establishing the DT network and perceiving the status of the physical equipment. Five key enabling technologies are introduced to provide the theoretical fundamentals for implementing the DT-based manufacturing system design approach. A board-type furniture production line is presented as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the method.
A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird
Authors: Nieder Andreas , Wagener Lysann , Rinnert Paul
Published: March 2021

Consciousness shared

Humans have tended to believe that we are the only species to possess certain traits, behaviors, or abilities, especially with regard to cognition. Occasionally, we extend such traits to primates or other mammals—species with which we share fundamental brain similarities. Over time, more and more of these supposed pillars of human exceptionalism have fallen. Nieder
et al.
now argue that the relationship between consciousness and a standard cerebral cortex is another fallen pillar (see the Perspective by Herculano-Houzel). Specifically, carrion crows show a neuronal response in the palliative end brain during the performance of a task that correlates with their perception of a stimulus. Such activity might be a broad marker for consciousness.

Science
, this issue p.
1626
; see also p.
1567
Insights into the Relationship between Cobamide Synthase and the Cell Membrane
Authors: Jeter Victoria L. , Escalante-Semerena Jorge C.
Published: March 2021

Salmonella
is a human pathogen of worldwide importance, and coenzyme B
12
is critical for the pathogenic lifestyle of this bacterium. The importance of the work reported here lies on the improvements to the methodology used to isolate cobamide synthase, a polytopic integral membrane protein that catalyzes the penultimate step of coenzyme B
12
biosynthesis.
Bilateral mammary hibernoma mimicking breast carcinoma: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Dsouza Royson , Cherian Anish Jacob , Ananthakrishnan Radha , Menon Nandakumar
Published: March 2021

We describe a 68-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with a history of rapidly enlarging lumps in both breasts. Though the breast lumps appeared suspicious on ultrasonography, the core biopsy was reported to be benign. In view of the clinical and radiological suspicion of malignancy, she underwent a diagnostic excision of both the lumps, the histopathology was consistent with mammary hibernoma. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a bilateral mammary hibernoma in an elderly postmenopausal woman. Given the clinical presentation, it is important to differentiate mammary hibernoma from carcinoma breast, which is a more common condition in this age group. However, preoperative diagnosis is challenging in view of the lack of definitive radiological and histological features. Although benign, hibernoma may have a propensity for local recurrence and, therefore, complete surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment.
Rare case of multisystem sarcoidosis
Authors: Barratt Shaney Louise , Robertshaw Joseph , Campbell Helen , Clarke Emma
Published: March 2021

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown cause, characterised pathologically by granulomas and primarily affecting the lung and lymphatic system of the body. It has been termed the ‘great pretender’ due to its ability to mimic other diseases. In this article we describe a case of sarcoidosis with simultaneous rare manifestations of extrathoracic disease (thyroid, osseous and renal). It highlights the enigmatic nature of sarcoidosis and the diagnostic challenge it can pose to clinicians. A multidisciplinary approach to both diagnosis and management between endocrinology, nephrology, neurosurgical, rheumatological and respiratory teams was paramount for effective clinical improvement.
Double-edged sword effect of anticoagulant in COVID-19 infection
Authors: Ohn May Honey , Ng Jun Rong , Ohn Khin Maung , Luen Ng Pey
Published: March 2021

Coagulation predominant-type coagulopathy such as microthrombosis and macrothrombosis is a well-known recognised complication found in COVID-19 infected critically ill patients. In the context of high incidence of thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19, supplementation with anticoagulant therapy has been routinely recommended and shown to reduce mortality. However, the recommended type, dose, duration and timing of anticoagulant has not been determined yet. Spontaneous retroperitoneal haematoma secondary to anticoagulant therapy is one of the well-known but self-limiting conditions. We report a 51-year-old COVID-19 positive woman, who was taking intermediate-intensity heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and died from complication of retroperitoneal bleeding. Further studies are needed to verify the risk–benefit ratio of anticoagulant therapy in patients with COVID-19. Although anticoagulant deems appropriate to use in patients with COVID-19, clinicians should be cautious about major bleeding complication such as retroperitoneal haemorrhage even when full therapeutic dosage is not used.
Survey protocol for exploring video and phone use in Aotearoa New Zealand general practice: considerations for future telehealth
Authors: Day Karen , Hunter Inga , Rao Vasudha , Russell Greig , Roskvist Rachel , Moir Fiona , Gill Emily , van der Werf Bert
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Telehealth became the most practical option for general practice consultations in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) as a result of the national lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. What is the consumer experience of access to telehealth and how do consumers and providers perceive this mode of care delivery going forward?

Methods and analysis

A national survey of general practice consumers and providers who used telehealth services since the national lockdowns in 2020 will be distributed. It is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology framework of technology acceptance and the access to care framework. The data will be statistically analysed to create a foundation for in-depth research on the use of telehealth services in NZ general practice services, with a specific focus on consumer experiences and health outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was granted by the Auckland Health Research Ethics Committee on 13/11/2020, reference AH2539. The survey will be disseminated online.