bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participatory Culture in Indonesian Communities: A Study of #Gerakbersama Campaign
Authors: Angeline Mia , Safitri Yuanita
Published: August 2018

The research aimed to provide an overview on how digital conversation and participatory culture processes take place in Indonesian communities in #GerakBersama campaign. This research used a qualitative approach with case study methods. The results show that digital conversations in the #GerakBersama campaign are mostly triggered by content shared by the initiators. However, most accounts who share the content or hashtags in social media are organizations. In short, the digital conversation of this campaign is still a one-way conversation from the initiators to the public. In #GerakBersama campaign, the process of forming participatory culture begins with the existence of a society that has the same concern and a feeling of disgust about violence against women. The existence of this similarity is also reinforced by the characteristics of new media which allows users to share and create participatory culture.
The Effectiveness of Skill Training Model for Increasing the Street Children’s Competence to Get a Job
Authors: Murhadi Murhadi
Published: August 2018

This research was based on the importance of the effectiveness of skills training for street children as a solution to reduce their activity of begging money on the street. Referring to the problem, there were two objectives in this study. First, it was to obtain an overview of the skill training conditions undertaken by street children in Depok as the multi-location test and Tangerang Selatan as the main research location. Second, it was to know the effectiveness of the implementation of skills training in improving the competence of street children to get a job. Several theories and concepts were used as the reference in the implementation of this study. The method was Research and Development (R&D) and quasi-experimental approach. Data were collected through participant observation, documentation, interview, questionnaire, and group discussion. The results of this research show that effective training can provide skills for street children to get a job.
Environmental Wisdom in Oral Literature of Arjuna Slopes People
Authors: Sukmawan Sony -
Published: August 2018

This study sought to describe the orientation, representation, and the relationship of oral literary texts of the Slopes Arjuna towards its nature, poetical characteristics and literary texts narrative by using ecocriticism theory. The interdisciplinary approach used to understand the data were ecocritics, literary, ethical approach to the environment, cultural approach, and folkloristic approach. The instruments used were observation and in-depth- interview. The research was conducted on the slopes of Mount Arjuna, East Java from November 2012 to February 2014. The result shows that the range of oral literature texts of Arjuna Slopes communities explicitly and implicitly, intensively and extensively, show the orientation towards nature. It shows that the oral literature of Arjuna slope people obtains the pastoral narrative and apocalyptic narrative. The study also reveals the presence of biological nature and the psychological nature which are conveyed explicitly and demonstrated in its vitality. The texts orientation towards nature is more detailed presented in the various forms of nature. Nature orientation occurred in the text becomes an emphatic and important marker of environmental wisdom literature. Furthermore, the characteristics of environmental wisdom literature which are identified and constructed based on the review of the public oral literature of Slopes Arjuna have its distinctiveness. This peculiarity is seen in the breath of cosmocentric-spirituality born from harmony syncretization between spirituality Kejawen, Islami Sarengat, Hindu-Buddhist mysticism, as the source of wisdom of environmental values in the society of Slopes Arjuna oral literature.
A Genre Analysis of Thesis Abtracts at a State University in Banten
Authors: Kosasih Fauzy Rahman
Published: August 2018

This study was conducted to identify the move structure of English abstracts of students’ thesis of a State University in public administration, management, fisheries management, and mathematics education programs, compare the consistency of these cross-disciplinary English abstracts with Bathia’s (1993) four-move structure and Swales & Feak’s (2004) five-move structure, and identify the preferred verb tense used of each move in the English abstracts of the students’ thesis. This study employed qualitative case study. Forty (40) English abstracts (10 from each discipline) were collected and analyzed. This study reveals that A-M-R move structure is the most frequent abstract move structure used in every discipline across the four disciplines with proportion 35%. Only 15% abstracts are in line with Swales & Feak’s (2004) five-move structures, and only 4 (10%) abstracts are in line with Bhatia’s (1993) four-move structure. The present tense and past tense are used in each move across the four disciplines.
Effectiveness of Picture Story Books Reading to Increase Kindness in Children Aged 5-6 Years
Authors: Retnowati Giyati , Salim Rose Mini Agoes , Saleh Airin Y
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of picture in storybook reading to increase kindness in children. This research involved 31 children aged 5-6 years; they were taken from the kindergarten in Bandung as the participants. The intervention was done by reading eight picture books in eight days. The kindness was measured using a measurement instrument created by the researcher, in the form of nine coloured cards that described the behaviour of kindness. The measurement was also done by seeing through the kindness tree and observation sheets that filled out by the teacher. The data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test shows a significant difference in the average score of kindness (p<0,05) before and after picture storybook reading. Two weeks after the intervention, the improvement on all kindness behaviours with the post-test score is greater than pre-test score that still can be found. Observation through kindness tree and observational sheets shows the same result.
Code-Switching in Selling and Buying at Segiri Market Samarinda, East Kalimantan: a Sociolinguistics Study
Authors: Bastiar Islamiah , Marmanto Sri , Sumarlam Sumarlam
Published: August 2018

The purposes of this research were (1) to describe the form of the code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan, and (2) to describe factors of code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative and employed a sociolinguistics study in the form of Poplack approach. Data sources of this research were activities and informants. Meanwhile, the type of data was the form of speech in the conversation. In collecting data, (1) observation, (2) field notes, (3) recording, and (4) interviews were used. In analyzing data, Miles and Huberman interactive analysis and Dell Hymes, ethnography communication method was used. The result of this research shows that (1) Form of the code-switching in selling and buying at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan are (a) tag switching consists of 21 data, and (b) inter-sentential consists of 41 data. The data is taken from Indonesian language, Banjar language, Kutai language, Java language, and Bugis language, and (2) Factors of community language, culture, tribe, and environment existing in Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan also influences the way of code-switching in selling and buying transaction at Segiri market Samarinda, East Kalimantan.
Improvement of monitoring of tertiary filtration with particle counting
Authors: Miska V. , van der Graaf J.H.J.M. , de Koning J.
Published: August 2018

Nowadays filtration processes are still monitored with conventional analyses like turbidity measurements and, in case of flocculation–filtration, with phosphorus analyses. Turbidity measurements have the disadvantage that breakthrough of small flocs cannot be displayed, because of the blindness regarding changes in the mass distributions. Additional particle volume distributions calculated from particle size distributions (PSDs) would provide a better assessment of filtration performance.

Lab-scale experiments have been executed on a flocculation–filtration column fed with effluent from WWTP Beverwijk in The Netherlands. Besides particle counting at various sampling points, the effect of sample dilution on the accuracy of PSD measurements has been reflected. It was found that the dilution has a minor effect on PSD of low turbidity samples such as process filtrate. The correlation between total particle counts, total particle volume (TPV) and total particle surface is not high but is at least better for diluted measurements of particles in the range 2–10 μm. Furthermore, possible relations between floc-bound phosphorus and TPV removal had been investigated. A good correlation coefficient is found for TPV removal versus floc-bound phosphorus removal for the experiments with polyaluminiumchloride and the experiments with single denitrifying and blank filtration.
Hydrodynamic conditioning of aluminium–bentonite flocs
Authors: Coufort C. , Liné A.
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of hydrodynamics in flocculation. The effects of a hydrodynamic sequencing (flocculation–break-up–reflocculation–break-up–reflocculation) on the evolution of aluminium–bentonite floc size distributions and structure are investigated by image analysis in a Taylor–Couette reactor. The flocculation phenomena analysed in this study mainly occur in the viscous subrange, with floc size below the Kolmogorov micro-scale. The high sensitivity of steady-state floc size distribution to initial floc size distribution (elementary particles or flocs formed issuing break-up stages) is highlighted. Reversibility or irreversibility of agglomeration and break-up phenomena are discussed in terms of floc history and hydrodynamic stress. Finally, the hydrodynamic conditioning for aluminium–bentonite flocs is examined.
Electroflocculation as potential pretreatment in colloid ultrafiltration
Authors: Harif T. , Hai M. , Adin A.
Published: August 2018

Electroflocculation (EF) is a coagulation/flocculation process in which active coagulant species are generated in situ by electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material. The effect of colloidal suspension pretreatment by EF on membrane fouling was measured by flux decline at constant pressure. An EF cell was operated in batch mode and comprised two flat sheet electrodes, an aluminium anode and stainless steel cathode, which were immersed in the treated suspension, and connected to an external DC power supply. The cell was run at constant current between 0.06–0.2A. The results show that pre-EF enhances the permeate flux at pH 5 and 6.5, but only marginal improvement is observed at pH 8. At all pH values cake formation on the membrane surface was observed. The differences in membrane behavior can be explained by conventional coagulation theory and transitions between aluminium mononuclear species which affect particle characteristics and consequently cake properties. At pH 6.5, where sweep floc mechanism dominates due to increased precipitation of aluminium hydroxide, increased flux rates were observed. It is evident that EF can serve as an efficient pretreatment to ultrafiltration of colloid particles.
Photolysis of cyflufenamid in liquid media
Authors: Zheng Zhangyu , Zhang Chunyan , Shi Haiyan , Liu Zhiwei , Duan Jinsheng , Wang Minghua
Published: August 2018

The photolysis of cyflufenamid (CFA) in different organic solvents and water under ultraviolet irradiation was investigated. The photolytic rate constant and photolytic half-life were measured for the different solutions. Factors influencing the photolysis of CFA were investigated, including initial concentration, types of solvent, pH, occurrence of catalyst (TiO2), and environmental substances (Fe3+, Fe2+, NO3−, NO2−). Photolysis of CFA followed first-order kinetics in various systems, and the photolytic rate of CFA decreased with increased initial concentration. Photolytic rates of CFA in different solvents were as follows: n-hexane > methanol > acetonitrile > ultrapure water > ethyl acetate. The pH had a significant effect on the photolysis of CFA, and the photolysis rate reached its peak at pH 9.0. NO2− and TiO2 had positive effects on the photolysis of CFA, while Fe2+ had an adverse effect. NO3− in aqueous solution had no effect on the photolysis of CFA. In addition, the rates of photolysis were accelerated at lower concentrations of Fe3+ (0.5–5 mmol L−1) and decreased at higher concentrations (10 mmol L−1). Moreover, a main photolytic product of CFA was confirmed to be N-cyclopropoxy-2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, and cleavage of the amido bond was proposed to be the predicted photolysis pathway in n-hexane.
PPMTKP pada guru TK di TK Melati kecamatan Buduran dan TK Tunas Bangsa kecamatan Candi kabupaten Sidoarjo provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Cholifah Siti , Rosydah Rafhani
Published: August 2018

Pendidikan pada anak dimulai sejak usia dini, pendidikan akan terlaksana dengan apabila anak dalam kondisi sehat secara fisik dan psikologis, salah satu indikator anak sehat adalah pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya optimal. Peran mitra (guru TK) sangat penting dalam tumbuh kembang anak karena mitra dalam tugasnya memberikan stimulasi dalam bentuk kegiatan proses belajar mengajar. Mitra (guru TK Melati dan TK Tunas Bangsa) sangat sangat aktif dalam kegiatan disekolah dalam mendidik siswa, baik dalam segi pendidikan formal maupun non formal (pembentukan karakter). Berdasarkan survei yang telah dilakukan oleh tim pengusul pada mitra 1 didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat siswa yang mengalami masalah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, pada mitra 2 ditemukan masalah yakni mitra belum pernah mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang deteksi dini masalah tumbuh kembang pada anak. Padahal terdapat beberapa cara untuk menstimulasi siswa tersebut agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal sesuai dengan tahapan usianya. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut tim pengusul menawarkan solusi untuk membantu mengatasi kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra dalam pemeriksaan dan cara deteksi dini masalah tumbuh kembang pada anak. Salah satu upaya yang ditawarkan oleh tim pengusul adalah memberikan informasi melalui sebuah seminar dan pelatihan/workshop beserta pendampingan pemeriksaan dan cara deteksi dini masalah tumbuh kembang pada anak. Pelaksanaan seminar dan pelatihan (workshop) tentang cara pemeriksaan dan deteksi dini adanya kelainan dan tumbuh kembang di TK Melati Buduran Sidoarjo dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18-19 Januari 2018 yang diikuti oleh kepala sekolah dan 8 guru yang terdiri dari guru PAUD dan guru TK A dan B dan pelaksanaan seminar dan pelatihan (workshop) tentang cara pemeriksaan dan deteksi dini adanya kelainan dan tumbuh kembang di TK Tunas Bangsa Durung Bedug Sidoarjo dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18-19 Februari 2018 yang diikuti oleh kepala sekolah dan 4 guru yang terdiri dari guru PAUD dan guru TK A dan B. Hasil seminar dan workshop didapatkan mitra dapat melaksanakan cara menilai deteksi dini dan kelainan tumbuh kembang pada balita secara mandiri, dan mitra dapat mengaplikasikan hal tersebut pada anak didik seterusnya selama proses belajar berlangsung.
Associated factors back pain complaints of students Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Tahfidzul Quran Azhar Center Makassar 2015
Authors: Haidam Nur
Published: August 2018

Nyeri punggung saat ini merupakan suatu masalah bagi anak sekolah yang dapat membatasi kegiatan sehari-hari mereka. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ilmiah, penggunaan tas punggung yang tidak sesuai standar, beban tas serta penggunannya yang salah dapat mengakibatkan keluhan nyeri punggung yang berisiko merubah postur tubuh pada anak yang masih dalam masa pertumbuhan tulang. MITQ Azhar Center merupakan sekolah dengan aktifitas cukup tinggi sehingga siswa membawa beban tas yang berlebih (65,2%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan nyeri punggung pada siswa MITQ Azhar Center Makassar tahun 2015. Analisis data diperoleh ada hubungan antara beban beban tas dengan keluhan nyeri punggung (p=0,031). Tidak ada hubungan antara pemilihan tas dengan keluhan nyeri punggung (p=0,122), tidak ada hubungan antara cara membawa tas dengan keluhan nyeri punggung (p=0,719), dan tidak ada hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan keluhan nyeri punggung (p=0,200). Maka diperlukan adanya regulasi dan edukasi dari sekolah tentang penggunaan tas yang baik sesuai standar yang ditetapkan oleh American Chiropactic Association (ACA), peran orang tua dalam memerhatikan peralatan dan bahan yang dibawa oleh anak di sekolah, serta kerjasama dengan pihak sekolah untuk ikut berkontribusi untuk memantau barang-barang bawaan siswa. Termasuk cara membawa tas termasuk jenis tas yang sesuai dengan standar terhadap pihak sekolah yang kemudian diinformasikan kepada orang tua siswa ketika melakukan pendaftaran. Meskipun pada penelitian ini secara statistik tidak berhubungan secara signifikan tetapi beberapa sumber menyebutkan bahwa cara membawa tas dengan satu bahu dan pemilihan jenis tas yang tidak sesuai standar akan memengaruhi distribusi beban tas terhadap tulang punggung sehingga berkontribusi terhadap keluhan nyeri punggung. sedangkan status IMT yang tidak normal akan lebh rentan terhadap keluhan nyeri punggung. mereka yang gemuk dan obesitas akan mengalami keluhan nyeri punggung karena beban tubuh sehingga lebih rentan, sedangkan mereka yang kurus dan kurus sekali kekurangan nutrisi tulang yang mengakibatkan kemampuan tulang kurang maksimal.
Analisis mutu pelayanan gizi ditinjau dari proses asuhan gizi terstandart (PAGT) di rawat inap RSUD Gambiran kota Kediri
Authors: Nugraheni Reny , Listyani Rima Dwi
Published: August 2018

Tujuan: Penelitian ini menganalisis mutu layanan gizi di Rawat Inap RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri menggunakan proses asuhan gizi terstandart. Metode: Survei dengan sampel 94. Hasil: Standar penilaian assesmen gizi 99% diberikan tepat waktu, asuhan gizi 97% tercatat dalam lembar CPPT, asuhan gizi 95% direvisi sesuai respon pasien, monitoring asuhan gizi 89% telah dilakukan, asuhan gizi 100% diberikan oleh dietisien, intervensi pasien 100% sesuai kondisi pasien dan rata-rata capaian mutu pelayanan gizi ditinjau dari PAGT di rawat inap RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri menunjukan angka 97%. Simpulan: Mutu pelayanan gizi ditinjau dari PAGT di rawat inap RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri dikatakan masih belum sesuai standar Kemenkes RI Tahun 2013. Perlu penambahan petugas terutama tenaga gizi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan jumlah tenaga gizi yang disesuaikan oleh Kemenkes RI dan Kepala Instalasi Gizi melakukan audit untuk memeriksa kelengkapan dokumen asuhan gizi pasien rawat inap.
Peran teman sebaya terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA di kota Tegal
Authors: Pratiwi Nadia Ade , Padmawati Retna Siwi , Wahyuni Budi
Published: August 2018

Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan peran teman sebaya terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA di Kota Tegal. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Kota Tegal dan lebih menekankan pada remaja yang sedang berada di kelas XI SMA atau berusia antara 15 sampai 19 tahun. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa dan siswi yang bersekolah di SMA X. Besar sampel dalam penelitian inisebanyak 254 responden. Pengumpulan data mengunakan kuesioner. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi square dan analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan α <0,05. Hasil: Sebagian besar peran teman sebaya mendukung untuk melakukan seksual pranikah sebesar 62,60%. Perilaku seksual pranikah pada responden sebagian besar 62,60% beresiko. Peran teman sebaya memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA. Remaja yang melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko dan didukung oleh teman sebaya lebih besar 1,75 kali dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mendukung. Akses dan Kontak media pornografi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA. Remaja yang melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko dengan akses dan kontak media pornografi lebih besar 1,92 kali dibanding dengan akses dan kontak media pornografi yang rendah. Simpulan: Peran teman sebaya berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja SMA di Kota Tegal.
Patient characteristics and bleeding events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients treated with apixaban or vitamin K antagonists: real-world evidence from Italian administrative databases
Authors: Ramagopalan Sreeram , Allan Victoria , Saragoni Stefania , Esposti Luca Degli , Alessandrini Davide , Perrone Valentina , Buda Stefano , Stynes Gillian , Toma Caterina , DeSolda Francesco ,   on behalf of a LHUs group
Published: August 2018

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of major bleeding among two cohorts of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients newly initiating a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or apixaban in a real-world setting in Italy.
Patients & methods:
A retrospective study using a large administrative database of Italian local health units was performed, using data from ten local health units and patients were included from the date of new initiation of apixaban or VKAs from January 2012 to June 2015.
Results:
Risk of major bleeding was calculated using an adjusted Cox regression model. Compared with VKA, apixaban had a significantly lower risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.12–0.97]).
Conclusion:
In this analysis, apixaban was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding compared with VKA.
Estimation of the transfer of vascular epiphytes, as a conservation strategy in the municipality of Aguazul, Casanare, Colombia.
Authors: Orozco Ávila Javier , Valencia Marín Argemiro , Betancur Pérez Jhon Fredy
Published: August 2018

Epiphytes are plants that grow mainly attached to trunks, branches of trees and shrubs.  This research was conducted in the municipality of Aguazul, Casanare, Colombia, in order to evaluate conservation strategies through the transfer and recovery of vascular epiphytes. The selected population was 119 individuals. The variables were number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, mortality rate, herbivory and associated entomofauna. The information collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. As a result, it was found that the Bromeliaceae Family had the highest leaf development in the three monitorings. Bromeliaceae and Cactaceae Families did not present flowering and Orchidaceae presented low flowering. Fruiting had a similar behavior for these three families. Cactaceae Family did not present mortality, Orchidaceae recorded 2.02% and Bromeliaceae Family recorded 5.56% of mortality. As for herbivory, the orchid family filed a percentage of 0.06%; the Bromeliaceae  Family reported 0.11%, while the cactus family did not record any kind. The entomofauna was  found mainly in the Formicidae group for the three families, being the Cactaceae Family the one with a greater association, with 100%. According to the results, it is possible to move the vascular epiphytic species to new habitats, which makes it a viable alternative for revegetation of the affected area with conservation purposes.
Isolamento de lectinas por cromatografia de afinidade
Authors: Torres Romero José Camilo , Ortega Torres Myriam Janeth , Infante Betancour Jhon Alexander , Maia Cavalcante Cicero Antonio
Published: August 2018

Cromatografia de afinidade é uma técnica usada para separar compostos, como, por exemplo, determinadas proteínas, que têm a capacidade de se ligar não covalentemente e reversivelmente a moléculas específicas conhecidas como ligantes. Esse método difere das técnicas de cromatografia clássica devido a proteína conseguir ser separada com base em uma única propriedade bioquímica. Em cromatografia de afinidade, o ligante está ligado covalentemente à matriz, que deve ser quimicamente inerte, porosa e também ter uma variedade de grupos funcionais adequados para acoplamento com ligantes diferentes.   Várias matrizes e ligantes são usados em cromatografia de afinidade, dependendo da proteína a ser purificada. Esse trabalho descreverá alguns aspectos importantes para o isolamento de lectinas através da técnica de cromatografia de afinidade utilizando-se carboidratos.
Bioprospección de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares como alternativa para el fortalecimiento del cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana Miller) en Colombia
Authors: Montenegro Gómez Sandra Patricia , Barrera Berdugo Silvia Eugenia , Valencia Carlos Mario
Published: August 2018

El Aguacate (Persea americana Miller) es uno de los frutos de mayor consumo mundial. México es el principal productor y  actualmente afronta problemas como el ataque de patógenos a la raíz y recientemente se han registrado impactos en la salud humana por uso de agroquímicos. Una alternativa para afrontar problemáticas en el desarrollo de las plantas ha sido iniciar el correcto manejo de las primeras etapas de producción y con ello mitigar problemas posteriores, en este manejo los microorganismos juegan un papel fundamental. Uno de los métodos es la inoculación con microorganismos del suelo como los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA); diversos estudios han demostrado que su colonización radicular en las plantas contribuye con la absorción de agua y nutrientes; lo cual indica que su potencialización puede contribuir en el manejo sustentable de los cultivos y como opción para fortalecer la producción. Colombia ocupa el quinto lugar en productividad a nivel mundial y lo que más resta competitividad local es el costo de los agroinsumos; en este sentido se podrían fortalecer investigaciones encaminadas a la bioprospección de HMA específicos para diversas variedades de aguacate en las regiones colombianas, ya que son poco los avances en esta temática. Avanzar tecnológicamente en el manejo de cultivos y generar estrategias sostenibles hace parte de las perspectivas y retos de la cadena del aguacate en Colombia. Adicionalmente es prioritario entrar en la dinámica de la demanda mundial con preferencia de alimentos más sanos y cuya producción sea amigable con el medio ambiente.
Biodegradación estimulada de los suelos contaminados con pesticidas organoclorados
Authors: Kopytko María , Correa-Torres Sandra Natalia , Estévez- Gómez Martha Jhoana
Published: August 2018

DDT al igual que otros pesticidas organoclorados han sido utilizados extensivamente en Colombia entre los años 1970 y 1980 en cultivos de algodón. DDT es resistente a la degradación y fuertemente relacionado con numerosos problemas de salud y actualmente está  prohibido su uso. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la biodegradación de DDT y de los productos DDD y DDE, presentes en el suelo contaminado durante 16 años en le municipio Agustín Codazzi, Cesar, Colombia. Se llevaron a cabo bioestimulación, bioaumentación y un tratamiento de control bajo condiciones anaerobias y aerobias secuenciales. El proceso de biodegradación anaerobia duró 8 semanas y consecutivamente se realizó el proceso aerobio por 20 semanas. En el proceso de bioestimulación se adicionó fósforo para optimizar la proporción C:N:P en el suelo tratado. De las bacterias nativas se aislaron las cepas bacterianas con la capacidad biodegradadora del DDT y fueron identificadas mediante las características morfológicas y ampliación por PCR de la región de 1465 pb del gen ribosomal 16S y secuenciación. De estas se seleccionaron cuatro cepas bacterianas para el proceso de bioaumentación: Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromona caviae, y Bacillus sp,  las cuales fueron bioaumentadas en el laboratorio e inoculadas en el suelo tratado en concentración de 108 UFC/ml. La concentración de DDT, DDD y DDE se determinó por medio de cromatografía de gases. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron durante la fase anaerobia logrando una remoción de DDT, DDD y DDE en un 56,2%, 17,1% y 44,5% respectivamente.
Caracterización metálica de material particulado PM10 en la atmósfera de Fonseca, La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Doria Argumedo Carlos
Published: August 2018

Teniendo en cuenta  la importancia del efecto sobre la salud de las partículas inhalables PM10 y los metales asociados a ellas, se evaluaron los niveles de  metales: Al, Cr, V, As, Se, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Bi, Fe, Hg y Pb, generados por fuentes naturales como el aerosol marino y la re-suspensión del suelo; y de fuentes antropogénicas como las actividades mineras de carbón y la circulación vehicular, en Fonseca, La Guajira, Colombia, Las muestras fueron colectadas en dos sitios cercanos al complejo carbonífero, durante las épocas de sequía y de lluvia, empleando un muestreador de alto volumen con filtros de fibra de cuarzo, con una frecuencia mensual para un total de 20. Las muestras fueron sometidas a un proceso de digestión ácida, y analizadas por Espectrometría de Masas con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS). Los niveles de PM10 reportados  superaron  el estándar anual  de 20 µg/m3 establecido por  la OMS. Los metales de mayor concentración corresponden a Na (2,4 µg/m3 + 1,49 µg/m3), Al (0,52 µg/m3 + 1.78 µg/m3), Ca (0,49 µg/m3 + 0,60 µg/m3) y Cr (0,40 µg/m3 +  0,18 µg/m3). No se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sitios de muestreo. El V, Hg y Pb no excedieron el estándar de calidad del aire establecido para Colombia y la OMS; por su parte, el As sobrepasó ampliamente el límite permisible de Colombia y la OMS. Adicionalmente, el análisis estadístico permite concluir que los metales pueden provenir de una misma fuente, tanto natural  como antropogénica.
Etnobotanica y usos de las plantas de la comunidad rural de Sogamoso, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Galvis Rueda Manuel , Torres Torres Manuel
Published: August 2018

Se investigó el uso de plantas medicinales entre los habitantes de Sogamoso, población agraria en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia,  donde campesinos en sus huertos y paisajes de zona andina y páramo preservan y usan una alta diversidad de plantas, manteniendo una cultura de saberes tradicionales,  para el  tratamiento de enfermedades humanas o de uso etno-veterinario; aprovechando así los beneficios que conlleva la conservación, para preservar y utilizar especies registradas. La metodología desarrollada fue una investigación de acción participativa, donde se realizaron  encuestas de tipo específico a 100 personas, quienes expresaron tener un uso de las plantas medicinales. Se incluyó la caracterización ecológica de la zona elegida, comprendiendo las  microcuencas de río Monquirá  y río Cusiana, donde los recursos in-situ fueron inventariados con la comunidad, recopilándose fotografías,  usos de las plantas nativas, exóticas  o cultivadas en huertos. Como resultado se obtuvo la descripción a nivel botánico, ecológico, climático, así como las prácticas para la conservación o siembra, inventariándose  más de 178 especies, en 55 familias con sus respectivos usos medicinales y formas de preparación, incluyendo la categorización de plantas frías, calientes, de aplicaciones externas o de elaboración de productos. Se  recopilo el saber popular y se rescató el uso tradicional de plantas medicinales nativas que poseen los mayores o abuelos y que es transmitido de generación en generación.
PISA 2012: Inmigración y etapa de llegada al Sistema Educativo Español
Authors: Bausela Herreras Esperanza
Published: August 2018

Introducción. Las evidencias empíricas muestran que hay diferencias en el rendimiento entre escolares inmigrantes, que puede ser atribuido a diferentes variables, entre ellas la etapa de llegada al sistema educativo español. Objetivo. Analizar el riesgo y/o probabilidad de que escolares inmigrantes de la muestra española demuestren  bajo rendimiento en las competencias evaluadas en PISA 2012. Se considera la etapa de llegada al sistema educativo como variable predictora del riesgo. Metodología. No experimental o ex post facto, diseño comparativo- causal. Análisis de datos. Análisis de regresión logística binaria.  Resultados. En relación con las etapas de llegada al sistema educativo español, durante el período de la educación infantil, se registra mayor riesgo de bajo de rendimiento en Lectura, Matemáticas y Ciencias. Respecto a las competencias, en cuanto a Matemática, se registra mayor riesgo en comparación con el resto de competencias evaluadas (Lectura y Ciencias). Conclusiones. El riesgo de tener bajo rendimiento varía según la etapa de llegada al sistema educativo. La llegada de escolares inmigrantes en educación infantil constituye un factor de riesgo. Es necesario desarrollar políticas educativas (programas lingüísticos, programas de acogida, por ejemplo) que minimicen el impacto y reduzcan el riesgo con los consiguientes abandonos y fracasos escolares en etapas posteriores.
Características sociodemográficas y motivos de consulta de las personas atendidas en el Centro de Atención Psicológica de la Universidad de Costa Rica (2004-2013)
Authors: Maroto-Vargas Adriana , Molina-Fallas Lucía , Prado-Calderón Jorge Esteban
Published: August 2018

En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo sistematizar la información sociodemográfica y los motivos de consulta de las personas atendidas en el Centro de Atención Psicológica (CAP) de la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Para ello, se analizaron 743 expedientes correspon dientes a personas atendidas entre los años 2004 y 2013. Se encontró un aumento del 1700% en la cantidad de casos atendidos, así como una mediana de 10 sesiones y de 56.5 días en cuanto al tiempo de espera. Poco más de la mitad de los expedientes pertenecieron a mujeres, y en su mayoría, correspondieron a personas en la adultez joven, infancia y adultez media, residentes de los cantones cercanos al CAP tales como San José, Montes de Oca, Goicoechea, Desamparados, Cartago y La Unión, y con diversidad de ocupaciones, aunque con preponderancia de quienes se dedicaban al estudio. Se encontró una amplia variedad de motivos de consulta que se agruparon en 20 categorías. Aunque ninguna de estas aglutinó más del 10%, los motivos de consulta en la mayoría de los expedientes correspondieron a las categorías relacionadas con el ámbito de familia o pareja (problemas familiares, problemas de disciplina o crianza, problemas de pareja, y separación o divorcio) y a las relacionadas con el componente emocional (alteración emocional, tristeza o depresión, y agresividad). Se presentan análisis adicionales de los motivos de consulta según sexo y edad.
Evaluation of miniscrew-supported rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Celenk-Koca Tugce , Erdinc Aslihan Ertan , Hazar Serpil , Harris Lacey , English Jeryl D. , Akyalcin Sercan
Published: August 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate and compare the dental and skeletal changes with conventional and miniscrew-supported maxillary expansion appliances in adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

Forty patients were divided into two groups, with one group receiving a tooth-borne expander and the other group receiving an expander supported by four miniscrews (bone-borne). Multiplanar coronal and axial slices obtained from cone-beam computed tomography images were used to measure the changes in transverse skeletal widths, buccal bone thickness, tooth inclination, and root length. Paired t-tests and independent-sample t-tests were used to compare the two expansion methods.

Results:

Bone-borne expansion increased the maxillary suture opening more than 2.5 times than tooth-borne expansion both anteriorly and posteriorly. Between the maxillary first premolars, sutural expansion accounted for 28% and 70% of the total transverse width increase in the tooth-borne and bone-borne expander groups, respectively. Similarly, 26% and 68% of the total expansion was of skeletal nature in the tooth-borne and bone-borne expander groups between the maxillary first molars. The pattern of expansion was variable, with most of the patients in both groups demonstrating a triangular-shaped sutural opening that was wider anteriorly. Subjects in the conventional group experienced significantly more buccal bone reduction and greater buccal inclination of the teeth. No significant differences were observed for root length measurements between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Use of bone-borne expansion in the adolescent population increased the extent of skeletal changes in the range of 1.5 to 2.8 times that of tooth-borne expansion and did not result in any dental side effects.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Its Cleavage Products Are Renoprotective in Murine Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Moellmann Julia , Klinkhammer Barbara Mara , Onstein Julia , Stöhr Robert , Jankowski Vera , Jankowski Joachim , Lebherz Corinna , Tacke Frank , Marx Nikolaus , Boor Peter , Lehrke Michael
Published: August 2018

Incretin-based therapies, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, are potent glucose-lowering drugs. Still, only GLP-1 receptor agonists with close peptide homology to GLP-1 (liraglutide and semaglutide) but neither exenatide-based GLP-1 receptor agonists nor DPP-4 inhibitors were found to reduce cardiovascular events. This different response might relate to GLP-1 receptor-independent actions of GLP-1 caused by cleavage products only liberated by GLP-1 receptor agonists with close peptide structure to GLP-1. To test this hypothesis, we directly compared metabolic, renal, and cardiac effects of GLP-1 and its cleavage products in diabetic db/db mice. Using an adeno-associated viral vector system, we overexpressed DPP-4-resistant GLP-1 (7-37 Mut8) and the two GLP-1 cleavage products, GLP-1 (9-37) and GLP-1 (28-37), in diabetic db/db mice. Only GLP-1 (7-37 Mut8), but none of the cleavage products, significantly improved glucose metabolism. Still, all GLP-1 constructs significantly reduced tubulointerstitial renal damage, lowered expression of the tubular injury markers, and attenuated renal accumulation of macrophages and T cells. This was associated with a systemic immunomodulatory effect, which was similarly found in an acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury model. In conclusion, GLP-1 cleavage products proved sufficient to mediate organ-protective effects, which might help to explain differences between GLP-1 receptor agonists.
New-Onset Diabetes After Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis
Authors: Lin Yu-Feng , Lin Shuei-Liong , Huang Tao-Min , Yang Shao-Yu , Lai Tai-Shuan , Chen Likwang , Wu Vin-Cent , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Wu Kwan-Dun
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is related to a high prevalence of insulin resistance. However, information is lacking on the sequelae of further metabolic change among AKI requiring dialysis in patients who could be weaned off dialysis (acute kidney disease [AKD]).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using the National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2010, with the exclusion of those with diabetes at the start, we identified 3,307 subjects with AKD and 9,921 matched control subjects from 963,037 hospitalized patients for the comparison of the outcomes, including new-onset diabetes and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

Within the median follow-up period of 5.99 years, AKD patients had a higher incidence of new-onset diabetes than the matched control patients (5.16% vs. 4.17% per person-year, P = 0.001). AKD patients were at higher risk of mortality than control patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.27 [95% CI 1.18–1.36], P < 0.001). With mortality as a competing risk, a Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that AKD patients had a higher risk of subsequent diabetes (subhazard ratio [sHR] 1.18 [95% CI 1.07–1.30], P < 0.001) compared with the matched control patients. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with baseline hypertension (aHR 1.15 [95% CI 1.04–1.28]), hyperlipidemia (aHR 1.23 [95% CI 1.02–1.48]), and gout (aHR 1.23 [95% CI 1.03–1.46]) had increased odds of developing new-onset diabetes during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who experienced AKI had a higher incidence of developing new-onset diabetes and mortality. This observation adds evidence regarding potential metabolic dysregulation after AKI.
Burden of Urological Complications in Men and Women With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Cohort
Authors: Wessells Hunter , Braffett Barbara H. , Holt Sarah K. , Jacobson Alan M. , Kusek John W. , Cowie Catherine , Dunn Rodney L. , Sarma Aruna V. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Study Group
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Type 1 diabetes has been associated with high rates of urinary and sexual problems, but the cumulative burden and overlap of these complications are unknown. We sought to determine prevalence of urological complications in persons with type 1 diabetes, associations with clinical and diabetes-related factors, and rates of emergence, persistence, and remission.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This ancillary longitudinal study among participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and observational follow-up study Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) (652 women and 713 men) was conducted in 2003 and 2010/2011. Urinary incontinence (UI), lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary tract infection, female sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, low male sexual desire, and orgasmic dysfunction were measured with validated instruments. Logistic regression determined association of complications with demographics and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS

Of sexually active women completing the 2010/2011 survey, 35% reported no complications, 39% had one, 19% two, 5% three, and 2% four. In men, 31% had no complications, 36% had one, 22% two, 9% three, and 3% four. Sexual dysfunction was most prevalent (42% women and 45% men) followed by UI in women (31%) and low sexual desire in men (40%). Urological complications were associated with age, BMI, and HbA1c. Remission rates ranged from 4 to 12% over the 7-year interval between surveys.

CONCLUSIONS

Urological complications are prevalent and frequently co-occur in persons with type 1 diabetes. Remission rates in a minority subset indicate a rationale for future studies to mitigate the onset or impact of urological complications of diabetes.
Glycemic Control and Risk of Infections Among People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Primary Care Cohort Study
Authors: Critchley Julia A. , Carey Iain M. , Harris Tess , DeWilde Stephen , Hosking Fay J. , Cook Derek G.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of infections, but the effect of better control has not been thoroughly investigated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

With the use of English primary care data, average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) during 2008–2009 was estimated for 85,312 patients with DM ages 40–89 years. Infection rates during 2010–2015 compiled from primary care, linked hospital, and mortality records were estimated across 18 infection categories and further summarized as any requiring a prescription or hospitalization or as cause of death. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by HbA1c categories across all DM, and type 1 and type 2 DM separately. IRRs also were compared with 153,341 age-sex-practice–matched controls without DM. Attributable fractions (AF%) among patients with DM were estimated for an optimal control scenario (HbA1c 6–7% [42–53 mmol/mol]).

RESULTS

Long-term infection risk rose with increasing HbA1c for most outcomes. Compared with patients without DM, those with DM and optimal control (HbA1c 6–7% [42–53 mmol/mol], IRR 1.41 [95% CI 1.36–1.47]) and poor control (≥11% [97 mmol/mol], 4.70 [4.24–5.21]) had elevated hospitalization risks for infection. In patients with type 1 DM and poor control, this risk was even greater (IRR 8.47 [5.86–12.24]). Comparisons within patients with DM confirmed the risk of hospitalization with poor control (2.70 [2.43–3.00]) after adjustment for duration and other confounders. AF% of poor control were high for serious infections, particularly bone and joint (46%), endocarditis (26%), tuberculosis (24%), sepsis (21%), infection-related hospitalization (17%), and mortality (16%).

CONCLUSIONS

Poor glycemic control is powerfully associated with serious infections and should be a high priority.
Intestinal Metaproteomics Reveals Host-Microbiota Interactions in Subjects at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gavin Patrick G. , Mullaney Jane A. , Loo Dorothy , Cao Kim-Anh Lê , Gottlieb Peter A. , Hill Michelle M. , Zipris Danny , Hamilton-Williams Emma E.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been linked to disease pathogenesis in type 1 diabetes, yet the functional consequences to the host of this dysbiosis are unknown. We investigated the functional interactions between the microbiota and the host associated with type 1 diabetes disease risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of stool samples from subjects with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (n = 33), islet autoantibody–positive subjects (n = 17), low-risk autoantibody-negative subjects (n = 29), and healthy subjects (n = 22). Metaproteomic analysis was used to identify gut- and pancreas-derived host and microbial proteins, and these data were integrated with sequencing-based microbiota profiling.

RESULTS

Both human (host-derived) proteins and microbial-derived proteins could be used to differentiate new-onset and islet autoantibody–positive subjects from low-risk subjects. Significant alterations were identified in the prevalence of host proteins associated with exocrine pancreas output, inflammation, and mucosal function. Integrative analysis showed that microbial taxa associated with host proteins involved in maintaining function of the mucous barrier, microvilli adhesion, and exocrine pancreas were depleted in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

These data support that patients with type 1 diabetes have increased intestinal inflammation and decreased barrier function. They also confirmed that pancreatic exocrine dysfunction occurs in new-onset type 1 diabetes and show for the first time that this dysfunction is present in high-risk individuals before disease onset. The data identify a unique type 1 diabetes–associated signature in stool that may be useful as a means to monitor disease progression or response to therapies aimed at restoring a healthy microbiota.