bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration of the Falcon Solid‐state Energetic Electron Detector (SEED)
Authors: Cress R. , Maldonado C. A. , Coulter M. , Haak K. , Balthazor R. L. , McHarg M. G. , Barton D. , Greene K. , Lindstrom C. D.
Published: March 2020

The Falcon Solid‐state Energetic Electron Detector (FalconSEED) is an energetic charged particle sensor that has been developed and tested at the United States Air Force Academy in an effort to monitor electron flux across the energy range of 14 to 145 keV in geosynchronous orbit. This sensor has been developed to complement ongoing efforts by the Air Force Research Laboratory to advance a comprehensive space environment sensor suite, Compact Environmental Anomaly Sensor (CEASE3), for anomaly resolution. In addition, FalconSEED is intended to demonstrate the ability to operate a radiation sensor based on predominantly commercial off the shelf components in the geosynchronous environment. This paper describes the design, development, and calibration of FalconSEED. The electron energy spectrum of interest for the FalconSEED sensor is 14 to 145 keV, and is intended to supplement data acquired from the CEASE3 instrument for anomaly resolution. The calibrations at the Space Atmospheric Research Center at the United States Air Force Academy and Kirtland Air Force Base were used to first establish the conversion between histogram bin number and deposited energy in the sensor, and second have been used to determine the geometric factor as a function of energy. The FalconSEED will be integrated as a science payload on the Space Test Program Satellite‐6 which also includes the first flight of the CEASE3 instrument and is scheduled to launch in 2021.
Cenozoic Exhumation of the Qilian Shan in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence From Low‐Temperature Thermochronology
Authors: Wang Weitao , Zheng Dewen , Li Chaopeng , Wang Ying , Zhang Zhuqi , Pang Jianzhang , Wang Yang , Yu Jingxing , Wang Yizhou , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Huiping , Zhang Peizhen
Published: March 2020

The growth of the Tibetan Plateau is related to the Cenozoic India‐Eurasia plate collision; however, its growth and evolution to its present margins remain matters of debate. The Qilian Shan, which is located along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, plays a central role in understanding the outward growth of the plateau. In this paper, we present new low‐temperature thermochronologic data from the hanging wall of the Huangcheng‐Shuangta fault (HSF) and the Lenglongling west region in the eastern part of the Qilian Shan. Cooling ages and thermal history modeling show increased exhumation rates at ~15 Ma along the HSF and ~5 Ma in the Lenglongling west region. We suggest that the middle Miocene beginning of rapid exhumation reflects the expansion of the larger Qilian Shan driven by thrust fault systems. The fast Pliocene exhumation may have been related to left‐lateral motion on the Haiyuan fault during the late stage of orogenic development. Post‐Miocene episodes of rapid exhumation in the eastern Qilian Shan are similar to those in other regions on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, suggesting that middle to late Miocene initiation or acceleration of crustal shortening occurred along this margin.
Detrital Thermochronology Reveals Major Middle Miocene Exhumation of the Eastern Flank ofthe Andes That Predates the PampeanFlat Slab (33°–33.5°S)
Authors: Lossada A. C. , Hoke G. D. , Giambiagi L. B. , Fitzgerald P. G. , Mescua J. F. , Suriano J. , Aguilar A.
Published: March 2020

The Cordón del Plata and Cordón del Portillo (32.6°–33.8°S) are the portions of the Frontal Cordillera that straddle the transition zone between the Pampean flat‐slab subduction segment to the north and the normal subduction segment to the south. A complete understanding of how the Frontal Cordillera developed is necessary in order to evaluate different tectonic models for the Andes along with their relation to subduction dynamics and contractional upper‐crustal deformation. Detrital apatite fission track thermochronology of modern river sediments that drain the eastern and western slopes of the Cordón del Plata and the northern Cordón del Portillo provides constraints on regional exhumation histories. AFT data from each catchment typically contain multiple age peaks, but all have a prominent 15.3–17 Ma age peak. One catchment, the Las Tunas River has a unimodal distribution at 17.0 ± 1.1 Ma, with a confined track length distribution indicative of rapid cooling at that time. These results, combined with provenance analysis in the adjacent Cacheuta Basin, indicate significant early to middle Miocene (~16 Ma) exhumation in the Cordón del Plata and the northern sector of the Cordón del Portillo. Exhumation related to rock uplift occurred prior to the ~11 Ma onset of a flat slab geometry at these latitudes, but immediately after the main east vergent contractional event in the adjacent Principal Cordillera. Such Frontal Cordillera exhumation fits in an eastward, youngest to the foreland sequence of deformation of the different morphostructural Andean units at ~33°–34°S, arguing against the recently proposed west vergent orogenic system at these latitudes.
Dynamic Pore‐Scale Dissolution by CO2‐Saturated Brine in Carbonates: Impact of Homogeneous Versus Fractured Versus Vuggy Pore Structure
Authors: Yang Yongfei , Li Yingwen , Yao Jun , Iglauer Stefan , Luquot Linda , Zhang Kai , Sun Hai , Zhang Lei , Song Wenhui , Wang Zhiyu
Published: March 2020

Limestone pore structure strongly influences dissolution and associated reactive transport. These effects are critical in limestone diagenesis and but also in engineering operations such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). However, detailed studies on how CO2‐enriched (acidic) brine changes this pore structure at relevant reservoir storage conditions are very limited. Thus, to provide further quantitative information and more fundamental understanding about these key processes, we studied the dissolution patterns of a homogeneous, a fractured, and a vuggy limestone when flooded with CO2‐saturated brine at representative storage conditions. The pore structured of these limestones showed drastically different responses to the acidic brine flood. As such, preferential channels surrounded by branched channels were formed in the homogeneous sample, while fractures became the main flow path in the fractured sample. In contrast, only one dominant channel formed in the vuggy sample, which resulted in a sharp permeability increase. These dissolution patterns reflect the associated Damköhler number, which significantly lower in the homogeneous, representing uniform dissolution. However, after injecting sufficient reactive fluid (1,000 PV), this uniform dissolution pattern transformed into a single preferential channel growth. Moreover, we conclude that increasing complexity of the pore geometry leads to more nonuniform dissolution. These dissolution patterns indicate the effect of initial pore structure on preferential channel growth and reaction transport. Our work provides key fundamental data for further quantifying limestone dissolution patterns in CCS, indicating that the CO2 injection may cause the reactivation of geological faults and damage around wellbore, thus aids in the implementation of industrial‐scale CCS.
Subannual Streamflow Responses to Rainfall and Snowmelt Inputs in Snow‐Dominated Watersheds of the Western United States
Authors: Hammond John C. , Kampf Stephanie K.
Published: March 2020

Streamflow generation in mountain watersheds is strongly influenced by snow accumulation and melt, and multiple studies have found that snow loss leads to earlier snowmelt timing and declines in annual streamflow. However, hydrologic responses to snow loss are heterogeneous, and not all areas experience streamflow declines. This research examines whether streamflow generation is different for rainfall versus snowmelt inputs. We compiled a sample of 57 small U.S. Geological Survey watersheds in the western United States containing a Natural Resource Conservation Service Snow Telemetry site and having ratios of mean annual peak snow water equivalent to precipitation ratios >0.25. Daily streamflow was separated into quickflow and baseflow using a digital filter, and quickflow was then divided into quickflow response intervals using thresholds in quickflow slope. Each quickflow response interval was categorized by its fraction of input from snowmelt. Most sites exhibited two streamflow generation peaks each year, with one peak in the winter when runoff efficiency is greatest, and the second in the spring during peak snowmelt input. On average, study watersheds were dominated by snowmelt inputs (70%), and snowmelt and mixed inputs usually generated greater streamflow than rainfall because of higher inputs and longer durations. However, rainfall produced high streamflow generation in winter, when watersheds have their highest runoff efficiency (81%) across all input types. We demonstrate that while snowmelt is important for streamflow generation due to high input over long periods, increases in rain and mixed input during wet winter periods can countervail tendencies for reduced streamflow with declining snowpacks.
Toward the Acoustic Detection of Two‐Phase Flow Patterns and Helmholtz Resonators in Englacial Drainage Systems
Authors: Podolskiy Evgeny A.
Published: March 2020

Passive acoustic monitoring has revolutionized the characterization of industrial processes and the acoustic wavefield in various environments. However, cryospheric acoustic phenomena remain largely unknown, especially at medium and small scales. Furthermore, the englacial drainage system is poorly documented, even though it is fundamental for understanding water routing through the glacier body. Here I present the first‐of‐its‐kind in situ records of periodic or sustained acoustic signals generated by water drainage through crevasses at the calving front of a glacier, in this case a Greenlandic tidewater glacier. The generative mechanisms of gurgling and bubbling noise are explained as flow‐induced sounds that are excited by intermittent air‐water two‐phase flow and Helmholtz resonance, respectively. This paper demonstrates that there is the tremendous potential to study near‐surface glacier systems using acoustic methods and detect different flow patterns in englacial conduits from their acoustic signatures, both of which can significantly advance our understanding of glaciological processes.
The prognostic significance of immune microenvironment in breast ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Toss Michael S. , Abidi Asima , Lesche Dorothea , Joseph Chitra , Mahale Sakshi , Saunders Hugo , Kader Tanjina , Miligy Islam M. , Green Andrew R. , Gorringe Kylie L. , Rakha Emad A.
Published: March 2020

Background

The role of different subtypes of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is still poorly defined. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of B and T lymphocytes and immune checkpoint proteins expression in DCIS.

Methods

A well characterised DCIS cohort (n = 700) with long-term follow-up comprising pure DCIS (n = 508) and DCIS mixed with invasive carcinoma (IBC;n = 192) were stained immunohistochemically for CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD1 and PDL1. Copy number variation and TP53 mutation status were assessed in a subset of cases (n = 58).

Results

CD3+ lymphocytes were the predominant cell subtype in the pure DCIS cohort, while FOXP3 showed the lowest levels. PDL1 expression was mainly seen in the stromal TILs. Higher abundance of TILs subtypes was associated with higher tumour grade, hormone receptor negativity and HER2 positivity. Mutant TP53 variants were associated with higher levels of stromal CD3+, CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. DCIS coexisting with invasive carcinoma harboured denser stromal infiltrates of all immune cells and checkpoint proteins apart from CD4+ cells. Stromal PD1 was the most differentially expressed protein between DCIS and invasive carcinoma (Z = 5.8,p < 0.0001). Dense TILs, stromal FOXP3 and PDL1 were poor prognostic factors for DCIS recurrence, while dense TILs were independently associated with poor outcome for all recurrences (HR = 7.0;p = 0.024), and invasive recurrence (HR = 2.1;p = 0.029).

Conclusions

Immunosuppressive proteins are potential markers for high risk DCIS and disease progression. Different stromal and intratumoural lymphocyte composition between pure DCIS, DCIS associated with IBC and invasive carcinoma play a potential role in their prognostic significance and related to the underlying genomic instability. Assessment of overall TILs provides a promising tool for evaluation of the DCIS immune microenvironment.
In silico mining and functional analysis of AP2/ERF gene in Withania somnifera
Authors: Tripathi Sandhya , Srivastava Yashdeep , Sangwan Rajender Singh , Sangwan Neelam Singh
Published: March 2020

Withania somnifera owing to its strong and remarkable stress tolerance property is a reliable candidate for the determination of genes involved in mechanism of adaption/tolerance of various stress conditions. 187 AP2/ERF gene related transcripts (GRTs) were identified during comprehensive search in W. somnifera transcriptome repertoire. Major hits in homology search were observed from the model plant Arabidopsis and members of Solanaceae family. Cloning, expression analysis of the gene and genetic transient transformation with the gene (WsAP2) were performed to predict its functional role in planta. Enhanced expression of some of the pathway genes for terpenoid biosynthesis was observed in transformed tissues in comparison to the control tissues. It is speculated that WsAP2 gene crucially regulates the expression of GGPPS gene in addition to the regulation of other important genes of terpenoid pathway via induction of expression of other genes such as HMGR, CAS, DXS and DXR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report representing detailed study of AP2/ERF gene family in W. somnifera. It is also suggested from the study that gene might have role in eliciting responses to combat stress and attribute the strong stress tolerant property associated with the plant.
Performance Differences of Hexavalent Chromium Adsorbents Caused by Graphene Oxide Drying Process
Authors: Lee JinHyeong , Kim Hee-Gon , Lee Jung-Hyun , Cho So-Hye , Jung Kyung-Won , Lee Seung Yong , Choi Jae-Woo
Published: March 2020

In this study, the influence of drying conditions on amine (−NH3) functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) was evaluated, and the hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) adsorption efficiency of the prepared materials was compared. 3-[2-(2-aminoehtylamino) ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane (3N) was used for amine functionalization. The synthesized materials were analyzed by SEM, BET, TGA, XPS, and EA. TGA results showed that the solution-GO (SGO) was functionalized by more 3N molecules than freeze-dried GO (FDGO) and oven-dried GO (ODGO). Additionally, XPS analysis also showed that the ratio of N/C and Si/C was relatively high in SGO than FDGO and ODGO. The maximum adsorption capacity of SGO, FDGO, and ODGO for Cr(VI) was 258.48, 212.46, and 173.45 mg g−1, respectively. These results indicate that it is better to use SGO without drying processes for efficient amine functionalization and Cr(VI) removal. However, when the drying process is required, freeze-drying is better than oven-drying.
Tailoring the opto-electronic response of graphene nanoflakes by size and shape optimization
Authors: Esteban-Puyuelo Raquel , Sonkar Rajat Kumar , Pujari Bhalchandra , Grånäs Oscar , Sanyal Biplab
Published: March 2020

The optical response of RGNFs is sensitive to magnetic ordering and can be tailored by size and shape.
Gradient formation and charge carrier dynamics of CuBiI4based perovskite-like solar cells
Authors: Yu Haili , Zhang Busheng , Qi Ruijuan , Qu Nannan , Zhao Chaoliang , Lei Yan , Yang Xiaogang , Zheng Zhi
Published: March 2020

The formation of a Bi gradient with a Bi/Cu bilayer as the precursor can improve the photoinduced charge carrier transportation in CuBiI4films.
Chemical interaction and enhanced interfacial ion transport in a ceramic nanofiber–polymer composite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yang Hui , Bright Joeseph , Chen Banghao , Zheng Peng , Gao Xuefei , Liu Botong , Kasani Sujan , Zhang Xiangwu , Wu Nianqiang
Published: March 2020

This article shows strong chemical interaction between a ceramic and polymer in a solid-state composite electrolyte and three Li-ion transport pathways.
Oil-triggered switchable wettability on patterned alternating air/lubricant-infused superamphiphobic surfaces
Authors: Liu Weijian , Pan Rui , Cai Mingyong , Luo Xiao , Chen Changhao , Jiang Guochen , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Hongjun , Zhong Minlin
Published: March 2020

A smart oil-triggered patterned surface with high stability was designed, which can demonstrate various unique loss-less and cross-contamination-free droplet-manipulation modes.
Visible-light-driven dry reforming of methane using a semiconductor-supported catalyst
Authors: Cho Yohei , Shoji Shusaku , Yamaguchi Akira , Hoshina Takuya , Fujita Takeshi , Abe Hideki , Miyauchi Masahiro
Published: March 2020

Dry reforming of methane (CH4 + CO2 → 2H2 + 2CO) was efficiently proceeded using Rh/TaON under visible light at low temperature.
Design and synthesis of non-fullerene acceptors based on a quinoxalineimide moiety as the central building block for organic solar cells
Authors: Zhu Chunguang , An Kang , Zhong Wenkai , Li Zhenye , Qian Yu , Su Xiaozhe , Ying Lei
Published: March 2020

The imide-functionalized quinoxaline unit allows for the incorporation of an additional solubilizing group without disturbing the planar structure of the core unit.
Copper-catalysed Csp3–Csp cross-couplings between cyclobutanone oxime esters and terminal alkynes induced by visible light
Authors: Zhao Binlin , Wu Yixiao , Yuan Yu , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: March 2020

A novel transformation for the construction of Csp3–Csp bonds was achieved via a photo-induced copper-catalysed C–C bond cleavage.
Solid-phase synthesis of DNA-encoded libraries via an “aldehyde explosion” strategy
Authors: Paciaroni Nicholas G. , Ndungu John M. , Kodadek Thomas
Published: March 2020

DNA-compatible conditions are reported for the on-resin transformation of aromatic aldehydes into many different functional groups.
Copper catalysed oxidative α-sulfonylation of branched aldehydes using the acid enhanced reactivity of manganese(iv) oxide
Authors: Higham Joe I. , Bull James A.
Published: March 2020

α-Sulfonylaldehydes are prepared by copper catalysed oxidative coupling of aldehydes with sulfinate salts using the acid enhanced reactivity of MnO2.
Two-step route to size and shape controlled gibbsite nanoplates and the crystal growth mechanism
Authors: Wang Suyun , Zhang Xin , Graham Trent R. , Zhang Hailin , Pearce Carolyn I. , Wang Zheming , Clark Sue B. , Jiang Wei , Rosso Kevin M.
Published: March 2020

Size and shape-controlled synthesis of gibbsite nanoplates via an additive-free two-step route.
Good stability and high thermoelectric performance of Fe doped Cu1.80S
Authors: Mao Tao , Qiu Pengfei , Liu Jin , Du Xiaolong , Hu Ping , Zhao Kunpeng , Ren Dudi , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: March 2020

By doping Fe in Cu1.80S, good stability and a high thermoelectric performance were simultaneously obtained in the intermediate temperature range.
Tailoring surface wetting states for ultrafast solar-driven water evaporation
Authors: Guo Youhong , Zhao Xiao , Zhao Fei , Jiao Zihao , Zhou Xingyi , Yu Guihua
Published: March 2020

Tuning surface wettability can modulate the escape behaviour of water molecules to accelerate solar water evaporation.
Preparation and characterization of a new reference standard GSB-Mg for Mg isotopic analysis
Authors: Bao Zhian , Huang Kang-Jun , Xu Juan , Deng Li , Yang Shufeng , Zhang Pan , Yuan Honglin
Published: March 2020

We have prepared a large volume of pure, concentrated and homogeneous magnesium standard solution (GSB-Mg) to be used as a secondary reference standard by the magnesium isotope community.
SMM behaviour of heterometallic dinuclear CuIILnIII (Ln = Tb and Dy) complexes derived from N2O3 donor unsymmetrical ligands
Authors: Maity Souvik , Bhunia Pradip , Ichihashi Kana , Ishida Takayuki , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: March 2020

Four heterometallic dinuclear CuIILnIII (Ln = Tb and Dy) complexes derived from two different N2O3 donor unsymmetrical Schiff base ligands exhibit SMM behaviour.
Nitrogen-doped carbon fibers embedding CoOx nanoframes towards wearable energy storage
Authors: Yang Cheng , Li Yuzhu , Zhang Binbin , Lian Yuebin , Ma Yong , Zhao Xiaohui , Zeng Xiangqiong , Li Jiusheng , Deng Zhao , Ye Jing , Wu Wenbin , Peng Yang
Published: March 2020

Nitrogen-doped carbon fibers embedding CoOx nanoframes were fabricated by electrospinning ZIF-67, serving as freestanding electrodes for sodium-ion batteries and zinc-air batteries with great electrochemical properties and mechanical deformability.
An anti-UV superhydrophobic material with photocatalysis, self-cleaning, self-healing and oil/water separation functions
Authors: Zhu Hai , Wu Lizhen , Meng Xiang , Wang Yongqian , Huang Yu , Lin Meihua , Xia Fan
Published: March 2020

The UV-resistant superhydrophobic material was fabricated with the features of photocatalysis, self-cleaning, self-healing and oil/water separation.
Covalent sulfur embedding in inherent N,P co-doped biological carbon for ultrastable and high rate lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Jiarui , Zhou Jian , Wang Tao , Chen Xu , Zhang Yaxuan , Wan Qiang , Zhu Jian
Published: March 2020

The N, P co-doped biological carbon-based covalent sulfur composite (NP@BCCSC) is designed as the cathode for highly robust Li–S batteries.
Synergism of surface strain and interfacial polarization on Pd@Au core–shell cocatalysts for highly efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction over TiO2
Authors: Cai Xiaotong , Wang Fang , Wang Ruoxin , Xi Yamin , Wang An , Wang Jiawei , Teng Botao , Bai Song
Published: March 2020

The synergism of surface strain and interfacial polarization has been studied on Pd@Au core–shell cocatalysts for boosting the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 in CO2-to-CO conversion.
Biodegradable MnFe-hydroxide nanocapsules to enable multi-therapeutics delivery and hypoxia-modulated tumor treatment
Authors: Liao Linhua , Cen Dong , Fu Yike , Liu Bin , Fang Chao , Wang Yifan , Cai Xiujun , Li Xiang , Wu Hao Bin , Han Gaorong
Published: March 2020

Fine nanocapsules based on MnFe hydroxides, showing high loading capacity, O2 induction and biodegradation, were synthesized for effective synergistic therapies.
High-stability fluorescent perovskites embedded in PbBrOH triggered by imidazole derivatives in water
Authors: Lin Hechun , Zhang Xu , Cai Lele , Lao Jie , Qi Ruijuan , Luo Chunhua , Chen Shiyou , Peng Hui , Huang Rong , Duan Chungang
Published: March 2020

A protective PbBrOH matrix grows rapidly on the surface of perovskites, leading to composites with high-stability fluorescence triggered by imidazole derivatives.
CircRNA_0058063 functions as a ceRNA in bladder cancer progression via targeting miR-486-3p/FOXP4 axis
Authors: Liang Haote , Huang Hang , Li Yeping , Lu Yongyong , Ye Tingyu
Published: March 2020

Emerging evidence has uncovered critical regulatory roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) function as dynamic scaffolding molecules in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the aberrant expression and clinical significance of hsa_circ_0058063 (circRNA_0058063) in bladder cancer (BC) remain poorly understood. circRNA expression was analyzed via a microarray in cancerous tissue and non-carcinoma tissues. Luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were both conducted to uncover the function of circRNA_0058063 in BC. circRNA_0058063 was overexpressed in BC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of circRNA_0058063 dramatically decreased cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in 5637 and BIU-87 cell lines. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations showed that circRNA_0058063 and FOXP4 could directly bind to miR-486-3p, demonstrating that circRNA_0058063 regulated FOXP4 expression by competitively binding to miR-486-3p. Taken together, circRNA_0058063 functions by sponging miR-486-3p in BC progression, which could act as a new biomarker and further developed to be a therapeutic target in BC.
The Adaptation to Mandarin-Accented English by Older, Hearing-Impaired Listeners Following Brief Exposure to the Accent
Authors: Hau Jutta A. , Holt Colleen M. , Finch Sue , Dowell Richard C.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The language processing of Mandarin-accented English (MAE) by older hearing-impaired (OHI), older normally hearing (NH), and younger NH listeners was explored. We examined whether OHI adults have more difficulty than NH listeners in recognizing and adapting to MAE speech productions after receiving brief training with the accent.

Method

Talker-independent adaptation was evaluated in an exposure training study design. Listeners were trained either by four MAE talkers or four Australian English talkers (control group) before listening to sentences presented by a novel MAE talker. Speech recognition for both the training sentences and the experimental sentences were compared between listener groups and between the training accents.

Results

Listeners in all three groups (OHI, older NH, younger NH) who had been trained by the MAE talkers showed higher odds of speech recognition than listeners trained by the Australian English talkers. The OHI listeners adapted to MAE to the same degree as the NH groups despite returning lower overall odds of recognizing MAE speech.

Conclusions

Older listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss were able to benefit as much from brief exposure to MAE as did the NH groups. This encouraging result suggests that OHI listeners have access to and can exploit the information present in a relatively brief sample of accented speech and generalize their learning to a novel MAE talker.
Vowel Acoustics and Speech Intelligibility in Young Adults With Down Syndrome
Authors: Carl Micalle , Kent Raymond D. , Levy Erika S. , Whalen D. H.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Speech production deficits and reduced intelligibility are frequently noted in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and are attributed to a combination of several factors. This study reports acoustic data on vowel production in young adults with DS and relates these findings to perceptual analysis of speech intelligibility.

Method

Participants were eight young adults with DS as well as eight age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) controls. Several different acoustic measures of vowel centralization and variability were applied to tokens of corner vowels (/ɑ/, /æ/, /i/, /u/) produced in common English words. Intelligibility was assessed for single-word productions of speakers with DS, by means of transcriptions from 14 adult listeners.

Results

Group differentiation was found for some, but not all, of the acoustic measures. Low vowels were more acoustically centralized and variable in speakers with DS than TD controls. Acoustic findings were associated with overall intelligibility scores. Vowel formant dispersion was the most sensitive measure in distinguishing DS and TD formant data.

Conclusion

Corner vowels are differentially affected in speakers with DS. The acoustic characterization of vowel production and its association with speech intelligibility scores within the DS group support the conclusion of motor control deficits in the overall speech impairment. Implications are discussed for effective treatment planning.
Lexical Repetition Properties of Caregiver Speech and Language Development in Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Jung Jongmin , Bergeson Tonya R. , Houston Derek M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Early language input plays an important role in child language and cognitive development (e.g., Gilkerson et al., 2018; Hart & Risley, 1995). In this study, we examined the effects of child's hearing status on lexical repetition properties of speech produced by their caregivers with normal hearing (NH). In addition, we investigated the relationship between maternal lexical repetition properties and later language skills in English-learning infants with cochlear implants (CIs).

Method

In a free-play session, 17 mothers and their prelingually deaf infants who received CIs before 2 years of age (CI group) were recorded at two post-CI intervals: 3 and 6 months postactivation; 18 hearing experience–matched infants with NH and their mothers and 14 chronological age–matched infants with NH group and their mothers were matched to the CI group. Maternal speech was transcribed from the recordings, and measures of maternal lexical repetition were obtained. Standardized language assessments were administered on children with CIs approximately two years after CI activation.

Results

The findings indicated that measures of lexical repetition were similar among the three groups of mothers, regardless of the hearing status of their infants. In addition, lexical repetition measures were correlated with later language skills in infants with CIs.

Conclusions

Infants with CIs receive the language input that contains similar lexical repetition properties as that in the speech received by their peers with NH, which is likely to play an important role in child speech processing and language development. These findings provide the knowledge for professionals to coach parents to implement specific language intervention strategies to support language development in infants with hearing loss.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11936322
Distributed algorithm for a finite time horizon resource allocation over a directed network
Authors: Li Wei , Lin Zhiyun , Cai Kai , Yan Gangfeng
Published: March 2020

This work investigates a finite time horizon resource allocation problem under a strongly connected multi‐agent network. In this network, each agent at each time is associated with a resource variable and a quadratic cost function. The objective is to minimise the total cost of all agents over the finite time horizon in a distributed manner, while enforcing a total amount of resources per time unit and per agent. The major challenge of this problem lies in the coupled equality constraints across the agents and time periods, which should be satisfied simultaneously in the end. In addition, the local information structure imposed by the digraph within the time horizon should be taken into account when solving the problem. This study develops a consensus‐based multipliers decomposition method to solve the problem. The authors show that the convergence and optimality can be ensured provided that the digraph within the time horizon is strongly connected. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Incremental broad learning for real‐time updating of data‐driven power system dynamic security assessment models
Authors: Ren Chao , Xu Yan
Published: March 2020

This work aims to real‐time update the data‐driven dynamic security assessment model for accuracy maintenance and improvement. Based on the random vector functional link neural network, an incremental broad learning model is developed as an alternative and much faster approach for deep learning. Besides, the proposed method can significantly reduce the computation burden caused by abundant model parameters of layers and filters. Three real‐time increment scenarios are achieved: enhancement hidden nodes, features, and training instances. Distinguished from existing methods, the proposed method can fast remodel in broad expansion without retraining the whole model, since it can only calculate the pseudoinverse of new state matrix without the computations of the whole output weights matrix. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy step by step and update the model within a very short time at the online stage, verifying its real‐time computational efficiency and accuracy improvement.
Cataloging accreted stars withinGaiaDR2 using deep learning
Authors: Ostdiek B. , Necib L. , Cohen T. , Freytsis M. , Lisanti M. , Garrison-Kimmmel S. , Wetzel A. , Sanderson R. E. , Hopkins P. F.
Published: March 2020

Aims.The goal of this study is to present the development of a machine learning based approach that utilizes phase space alone to separate theGaiaDR2 stars into two categories: those accreted onto the Milky Way from those that are in situ. Traditional selection methods that have been used to identify accreted stars typically rely on full 3D velocity, metallicity information, or both, which significantly reduces the number of classifiable stars. The approach advocated here is applicable to a much larger portion ofGaiaDR2.

Methods.A method known as “transfer learning” is shown to be effective through extensive testing on a set of mockGaiacatalogs that are based on the FIREcosmological zoom-in hydrodynamic simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies. The machine is first trained on simulated data using only 5D kinematics as inputs and is then further trained on a cross-matchedGaia/RAVE data set, which improves sensitivity to properties of the real Milky Way.

Results.The result is a catalog that identifies ∼767 000 accreted stars withinGaiaDR2. This catalog can yield empirical insights into the merger history of the Milky Way and could be used to infer properties of the dark matter distribution.
The path to Z And-type outbursts: The case of V426 Sagittae (HBHA 1704-05)
Authors: Skopal A. , Shugarov S. Yu. , Munari U. , Masetti N. , Marchesini E. , Komžík R. M. , Kundra E. , Shagatova N. , Tarasova T. N. , Buil C. , Boussin C. , Shenavrin V. I. , Hambsch F.-J. , Dallaporta S. , Frigo A. , Garde O. , Zubareva A. , Dubovský P. A. , Kroll P.
Published: March 2020

Context.The star V426 Sge (HBHA 1704-05), originally classified as an emission-line object and a semi-regular variable, brightened at the beginning of August 2018, showing signatures of a symbiotic star outburst.

Aims.We aim to confirm the nature of V426 Sge as a classical symbiotic star, determine the photometric ephemeris of the light minima, and suggest the path from its 1968 symbiotic nova outburst to the following 2018 Z And-type outburst.

Methods.We re-constructed an historical light curve (LC) of V426 Sge from approximately the year 1900, and used original low- (R ∼ 500–1500; 330–880 nm) and high-resolution (R ∼ 11 000–34 000; 360–760 nm) spectroscopy complemented withSwift-XRT and UVOT, opticalUBVRCICand near-infraredJHKLphotometry obtained during the 2018 outburst and the following quiescence.

Results.The historical LC reveals no symbiotic-like activity from ∼1900 to 1967. In 1968, V426 Sge experienced a symbiotic nova outburst that ceased around 1990. From approximately 1972, a wave-like orbitally related variation with a period of 493.4 ± 0.7 days developed in the LC. This was interrupted by a Z And-type outburst from the beginning of August 2018 to the middle of February 2019. At the maximum of the 2018 outburst, the burning white dwarf (WD) increased its temperature to ≳2 × 105K, generated a luminosity of ∼7 × 1037 (d/3.3 kpc)2erg s−1and blew a wind at the rate of ∼3 × 10−6M⊙yr−1. Our spectral energy distribution models from the current quiescent phase reveal that the donor is a normal M4-5 III giant characterised withTeff ∼ 3400 K,RG ∼ 106 (d/3.3 kpc)R⊙andLG ∼ 1350 (d/3.3 kpc)2 L⊙and the accretor is a low-mass ∼0.5M⊙WD.

Conclusions.During the transition from the symbiotic nova outburst to the quiescent phase, a pronounced sinusoidal variation along the orbit develops in the LC of most symbiotic novae. The following eventual outburst is of Z And-type, when the accretion by the WD temporarily exceeds the upper limit of the stable burning. At this point the system becomes a classical symbiotic star.
Marked Directional Skull Asymmetry in the Araucan Horse
Authors: Parés-Casanova Pere M. , Crosby-Granados René Alejandro , Muñoz Fabián , Salamanca-Carreño Arcesio
Published: March 2020

Background Deviations from the perfect symmetry of normally bilateral symmetrical characters occur during individual development due to the influence of multiple factors. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is the random developmental variation of a trait (or character) that is perfectly symmetrical, on average, across a population. Directional asymmetry (DA) occurs when one side of the pair of body sides is strongly more marked.

Objective We investigated the presence and level of skull FA and DA in the Araucan horse, a breed from East Colombia.

Study Design A sample of 21 skulls belonging to adult animals was studied by means of standard geometric–morphometric methods using 16 landmarks on the dorsal aspect of the crania.

Results Measurements showed a significant DA with a consistent rightward shift of the splanchnocrania.

Conclusions The results of this study raise questions about the influence of masticatory biomechanics on the asymmetric development of the skull, and also about how management and ingesta-specific properties (such as abrasiveness) may influence this asymmetry.
Humidification Solution as a Source for Spreading Burkholderia cepacia in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Baysal Bora
Published: March 2020

Burkholderia cepacia is an important opportunistic organism in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients especially in newborns. The natural ecology of these bacteria associated with plants is also a cause of infectious potential. The disease-causing potential of bacteria as a nosocomial pathogen may be due to its ability to survive in antiseptic solutions, contamination equipment. The patient was hospitalized for prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome. He was treated with surfactant intratracheally for the respiratory distress syndrome. Umbilical catheter was inserted. Ampicillin and gentamicin treatments were initiated. The patient who received respiratory support for a long time was given a steroid protocol because of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Burkholderia cepacia was detected in the blood and tracheal aspirate cultures of the patient, whose infection markers increased and a new area of infection was detected on the chest radiograph. Colistin and ciprofloxacin treatments were given according to the culture antibiogram. Screening tests revealed B. cepacia colonization in incubator moistening solutions. All incubator humidification solutions in the hospital were changed. Burkholderia cepacia is a rare cause of nosocomial infection in intensive care units but resistant to many treatments. With its capability to colonize water and grow on microbicides, the presence of B. cepacia in a patient's blood warrants further investigation in institutions providing care.
Bringing economies of integration into the costing of groupage freight
Authors: Brabänder Christian , Braun Maximilian
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel calculation scheme for the costs of distribution per shipment according to a cost-by-cause principle. We propose to estimate the full costs of distribution routes excluding and including a new consignor. Then, we estimate the marginal costs per shipment and per consignor. The contributions of this paper are (1) a comprehensive list of drivers of Economies of Integration and (2) a calculation scheme, how to estimate true marginal cost of new consignors. Practitioners may deploy the method and insights of this paper for tariff design, negotiations, consignor acquisition, and also demarketing.
Circularly polarized microwave antenna for nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Yaroshenko Vitaly , Soshenko Vladimir , Vorobyov Vadim , Bolshedvorskii Stepan , Nenasheva Elizaveta , Kotel’nikov Igor , Akimov Alexey , Kapitanova Polina
Published: March 2020

The sensing applications of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in a diamond require an efficient manipulation of the color center ground state over the whole volume of an ensemble. Thus, it is necessary to produce strong uniform magnetic fields of a well-defined circular polarization at microwave frequencies. In this paper, we develop a circularly polarized microwave antenna based on the excitation of hybrid electromagnetic modes in a high-permittivity dielectric resonator. The influence of the geometrical parameters of the antenna on the reflection coefficient and magnetic field magnitude is studied numerically and discussed. The Rabi frequencies and their inhomogeneity over the volume of a commercially available diamond sample are calculated. With respect to the numerical predictions, a Rabi frequency as high as 34 MHz with an inhomogeneity of 4% over a 1.2 mm × ∅2.5 mm (5.9 mm3 in volume) diamond sample can be achieved for 10 W of input power at room temperature. The antenna prototype is fabricated, and experimental investigations of its characteristics are performed in microwave and optical frequency domains. The circular polarization of the microwave magnetic field with an ellipticity of 0.94 is demonstrated experimentally. The Rabi oscillation frequency and its inhomogeneity are measured, and the results demonstrate a good agreement with the numerically predicted results.
Active-spiral Fresnel zone plate with tunable focal length for airborne generation of focused acoustic vortices
Authors: Muelas-Hurtado Ruben D. , Ealo Joao L. , Volke-Sepúlveda Karen
Published: March 2020

We present a simple and efficient method for generating focused acoustic vortices in air over a wide range of ultrasonic frequencies by means of an Active-Spiral Fresnel Zone Plate. An important advantage of this device is that the focal length can be finely and continuously tuned by setting the operation frequency. The role of the different design parameters is analyzed in terms of the minimum beam width and the focal depth of the resulting field, allowing an optimized device according to the application. Experimental results show very good agreement with numerical simulations.
Realization of regular resonance mode in GaN-based polygonal microdisks on Si
Authors: Liu Menghan , Chen Peng , Zhou Jing , Xu Ru , Mao Xiaokang , Xie Zili , Xiu Xiangqian , Chen Dunjun , Liu Bin , Han Ping , Shi Yi , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou , Cheng Kai , Zhang Liyang
Published: March 2020

Regular resonance modes in GaN-based polygonal microdisks are investigated by simulations and photoluminescence measurements. Based on a standard GaN-based blue light emitting diode wafer on a Si substrate, hexagonal and octagonal microdisks with similar dimensions are fabricated. Whispering gallery-like modes and Fabry–Pérot modes in the polygonal microcavities are pictured by theoretical calculations. All resonant modes in the polygonal microdisks are confined along regular and isolated orbits. The resonant emission from the hexagonal and octagonal microdisks has been achieved at room temperature, which presents regular and ordered resonant emission peaks. The regularly varied mode spacing of the polygonal microdisks provides potential application in multiple-channel optic communication. The distinctive geometric structural features and mode characteristics make the polygonal microdisks greatly superior in terms of mode control and mode selection.
A novel composite transmission metasurface with dual functions and its application in microstrip antenna
Authors: Guo Zexu , Cao Xiangyu , Gao Jun , Yang Huanhuan , Jidi Liaori
Published: March 2020

Generally, a double corner-cut square structure transmission linear to circular polarization conversion metasurface (DCS-PCM) is difficult to realize circularly polarized radiation when it is applied to a linearly polarized microstrip antenna as electromagnetic surfaces superstrate. A novel composite transmission metasurface (NCTM) with dual functions of linear to circular polarization conversion and polarization selection is proposed and verified. For a y-polarized incident wave, transmission linear to right-hand circular polarization conversion can be realized from 8.43 GHz to 9.50 GHz, and for an x-polarized incident wave, co-polarized total reflection can be realized. Different from the DCS-PCM, the unit cell of the NCTM is made up of a corner-cut square, a substrate, and a polarization gate. Thanks to the novel design of polarization gates, the proposed NCTM is easier to realize circularly polarized radiation when it is applied to a linearly polarized source antenna. The realized gain of the antenna with NCTM can be improved because of the Fabry–Pérot resonant cavity, and the maximum amplitude of the gain improvement is 6.8 dBi. The results of simulation and experiment show that the linearly polarized microstrip antenna with NCTM can realize circularly polarized radiation with an axial ratio less than 3 dB and a significant gain improvement simultaneously.
Piezoelectric biaxial strain effects on the optical and photoluminescence spectra of 2D III–VI compound
α
-In2Se3 nanosheets
Authors: Guo Feng , Lyu Yongxin , Jedrzejczyk Michal Bartlomiej , Zhao Yuqian , Io Weng Fu , Bai Gongxun , Wu Wenzhuo , Hao Jianhua
Published: March 2020

The controllable biaxial strain is experimentally imposed on α-In2Se3 nanosheets by an electromechanical device. A redshift of Raman spectra is observed from the nanosheets under the strain. The Grüneisen parameter is calculated to analyze the strain effect on the vibrational behavior. Photoluminescence shows a blueshift, which can reach up to 215 meV per 1% strain. Such tunability of optical characteristics observed from α-In2Se3 nanosheets is much higher than that from conventional semiconductors. The physical mechanism behind the observation is investigated, which is related to the variations in the energy band and photoexcited carriers under a piezoelectric field and laser power.
Two populations of coupled quadratic maps exhibit a plentitude of symmetric and symmetry broken dynamics
Authors: Andrzejak Ralph G. , Ruzzene Giulia , Schöll Eckehard , Omelchenko Iryna
Published: March 2020

We numerically study a network of two identical populations of identical real-valued quadratic maps. Upon variation of the coupling strengths within and across populations, the network exhibits a rich variety of distinct dynamics. The maps in individual populations can be synchronized or desynchronized. Their temporal evolution can be periodic or aperiodic. Furthermore, one can find blends of synchronized with desynchronized states and periodic with aperiodic motions. We show symmetric patterns for which both populations have the same type of dynamics as well as chimera states of a broken symmetry. The network can furthermore show multistability by settling to distinct dynamics for different realizations of random initial conditions or by switching intermittently between distinct dynamics for the same realization. We conclude that our system of two populations of a particularly simple map is the most simple system that can show this highly diverse and complex behavior, which includes but is not limited to chimera states. As an outlook to future studies, we explore the stability of two populations of quadratic maps with a complex-valued control parameter. We show that bounded and diverging dynamics are separated by fractal boundaries in the complex plane of this control parameter.