bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sabo Works Design and River Improvement on the Magila River with Consideration on Morphological Changes Influenced by Debris Flow Events
Authors: Halim Fino Kurnia , Nugroho Joko , Lestari Slamet
Published: March 2024

The morphological changes of a river due to debris flow are essential considerations in understanding the dynamics of a river. The Magila River, located in the Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, is a small river with an area of approximately 125 hectares, but the average riverbed slope exceeds 10%. This river faced water damage issues, such as debris floods on December 12, 2019, and overflowing floods on October 11, 2022. Based on the ongoing mitigation (Sabo Works and River Improvement), an analysis of flow modeling through HEC-RAS software with non-Newtonian parameters is also being conducted. Simulations are performed on both the existing river scenario and the design river scenario. The flood and sediment transport simulations indicate that the capacity of the existing river is insufficient to accommodate the planned 100-year return period flood discharge, leading to overflow in several river sections with a maximum inundation height of 42.80 centimeters. The river also tends to experience riverbed degradation, triggering landslide events. In contrast, in the design river, overflow in river sections is reduced, although some areas still experience inundation with a maximum height of 18 centimeters. The river morphology in this scenario is more stable, with a balanced level of degradation and aggradation. The conclusion of this research indicates that a series of ongoing mitigation efforts needs to be expanded to minimize the risk of floods but is already optimal in maintaining river morphology stability. The research findings are expected to be beneficial in maximizing the management of the Magila River.
Utilization of Wood Waste for Boiler Fuel (Case Study at PT. Putra Albasia Mandiri)
Authors: Alim Alfan Bahrul , Widodo Eko Muh , Rosyidi M. Imron , Purnomo Tuessi Ari , Rifa'i Afan
Published: March 2024

The wood processing production system in its activities always produces waste in the form of husks or pieces of wood. The opportunity to control wood waste can be used to heat boilers as a substitute for fuel oil. This study on the use of wood waste was carried out to assess technical, economic and environmental aspects. An assessment of the technical aspect was carried out to see the efficiency of using wood waste compared to fuel oil. Financial aspects are an important consideration in utilizing wood waste, while environmental aspects. Studies show that diesel fuel consumption is higher than wood waste fuel consumption, however boiler efficiency is higher using oil fuel compared to wood waste fuel, namely 70%: 20%. Financial analysis using NPV shows that this wood waste fueled boiler is economically feasible. From environmental aspects, it is known that fuel consumption for one year for wood waste fuel produces CO2 emissions of 1,207.36 tons, which is lower than CO2 emissions from burning diesel which is 6,808.31 tons.
Cattle Transport Drivers Clustering using PCA and K-Means Algorithm
Authors: Jaman Jajam Haerul , Buono Agus , Astuti Dewi Apri , Wijaya Sony Hartono , Burhanuddin
Published: March 2024

This research explores the logistics of cattle transportation in Indonesia, specifically focusing on its impact on cattle welfare during travel. Through interviews and observations involving 73 cattle transporters and ranchers, the study investigated critical factors such as physiological, thermal, and overall condition stress of cattle. With a methodological approach that includes fact-finding and data understanding, preprocessing, data transformation with PCA, and K-Means clustering, this analysis reveals that two main components can account for about 44.71% of the total data variation. 27 of the 72 rows of data fit into cluster 0, 22 rows of data went into cluster 1, and 24 rows of data went into group 2. The findings have implications for designing more humane and efficient transport strategies, potentially reducing stress-induced weight loss in cows. In addition, the results of the study provide insights for practitioners and stakeholders in optimizing route planning, driver selection, and overall logistics management. Research findings can provide input for improved regulation in the cattle sector, encouraging responsible and ethical practices. In addition, the study suggests the potential for developing guidelines or training programs for cattle transporters, improving their skills and awareness regarding good animal treatment during travel. Overall, this research opens up opportunities to improve practices and policies in the cattle farming industry in Indonesia, with a positive impact on animal welfare and the sustainability of the cattle supply chain as a whole.
Swamedig Prototype: The Integrating Application for Interprofessional Practice of Pharmacists, Nurses, and Midwives
Authors: Santoso Setiyo Budi , Pribadi Prasojo , Zahrah Salsabila Salma , Tamam Bagus Badrun , Damayanti Ayung , Nur’aini Khalinda , Rumadi Zaleha
Published: March 2024

Related to the participating of midwives and nurses in the self-medicate by community outside of pharmacist supervision, since the public is more able to expect improper medication. Instead of efforts to eliminate the involvement of both stakeholders, employing the information system that integrates interprofessional practice with pharmacists will be a suitable deal. After that we carried out a literature review by searching several national publications related to the development of online self-medication applications, flowcharts were compiled using web-based online diagramming software; draw.io. Microsoft Office Power Point version 2019 was used to create the user interface. The prototype outcomes were displayed in a scientific discussion board for pharmacy students, and members granted reviews and feedback. Here in, we show our “Swamedig” prototype, the integrating application for interprofessional practice of pharmacists, nurses, and midwives. Our prototype is an application integrating interprofessional practice of pharmacists, nurses, and midwives. The program connects them in collaboration of expertise to support the community taking self-medication. The core of our menu, pharmacists supervising drug selection and administration based on assessments performed by nurses and midwives. Thus, our project is developed to realize the rational drug use. In addition, our prototype was ready for the next stage on the engineering to complete the software development process.
Characterization of Nanoemulsion Non-Ionic and Cytotoxicity Test on T47d Cells Ethanol Fraction ofBarleria Prionitis L.
Authors: Yuliastuti Fitriana , Pradani Missya Putri Kurnia , Hapsari Widarika Santi , Kartikawati Nurfina Dian , Dianita Puspita Septie
Published: March 2024

The formulation of the ethanol fraction of landep leaves identified bioactive compounds and evaluated anticancer activity on T47D breast cancer cells in vitro and was formulated as a nano emulsion to increase the solubility of drugs that are difficult to dissolve in water by increasing bioavailability. The aim of this research is to determine the anticancer activity and to characterize the Barleria prionitis ethanol fraction formulated in nano emulsion form and to determine the physical properties of the nano emulsion preparation. Landep leaf ethanol fraction nanoparticles were formulated with a surfactant formulation of 0.1% Tween 80 and 5% glycerol as a co surfactant, with a homogenization technique using a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 15,000 Rpm for 120 minutes. The results of the anticancer activity test showed that the IC50 value for T47D cells was 150.2 µg/mL. the nanoparticles formed were characterized using % transmittance value, and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and PDI to determine particle size. size. The best nanoparticle test results were obtained in the formula with a dose of 2000ug/mL which had physical quality properties with a particle size of 276.2 nm; The polydispersity index is 0.324 with nanoparticle size and has the most homogeneous particle distribution. The stability of the preparation using organoleptic, pH and viscosity tests gave quite stable results for 14 days so that it could be continued with stability tests to determine shelf life.
Two-dimensional flooding model using IBER software case Study: Saidia City North east of Morocco
Authors: Adil Jouamaa , Chourak Mimoun , Farid Boushaba , Hichame Sabar , Aboubakr Chaaraoui
Published: March 2024

In the last two decades, Morocco has suffered a lot from catastrophic flooding, resulting in enormous damage to materials and loss of human life. The Sadia City (northeast Morocco), in our case of this study, is the most urbanized area with a high concentration of socio-economic activities in the region. Sadia is located downstream of the Moulouya watershed known for its low topography, and high vulnerability to fluvial and torrential flooding. The study aims to simulate the flood hazard index in the city of Saidia and consists of developing a two-dimensional (2D) flooding model using IBER software, and then producing maps of water flow and water velocity based on a 1-meter DTM. Then, we use GIS to map the hazard index of the areas with a high risk of flooding over a return period of 50 years. These hydraulic models were used to elucidate the risk of the Moulouya River overflowing its catchment area and to assist the stakeholders in decision-making about adequate measures to protect human life in Saidia City.
Single-drop microextraction application for the rapid and sensitive determination of endosulfan and its metabolites in water samples
Authors: Mourabit Fouad , Ahari Mhamed , Akichouh Elhoussien , Mourabit Nadira
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate the practical application of Single Drop Micro Extraction (SDME) as an efficient and sustainable technique for determining endosulfan and its metabolites in water. Experiments were performed with samples collected from different areas in the Loukkos region, Morocco, using a Finnigan MAT GCQ Model, equipped with a 30-m x 0.32-mm ID, ZB-5 (0.25-μm film thickness) fused-silica capillary column, Helium was used as a carrier gas (at 30 kPa), The ion trap mass spectrometer was operated in the electron ionization mode. The research highlights SDME's sensitivity in detecting and quantifying endosulfan and its metabolites in environmental samples, with achieved detection limits ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 μg/L. Furthermore, this study underscores the innovative potential of SDME by showcasing its compatibility with advanced detection techniques. These approaches have the potential to enhance sensitivity even further, potentially lowering detection limits to more stringent levels. Another notable aspect of SDME is its substantial reduction in solvent consumption, effectively minimizing costs and diminishing the ecological footprint associated with pesticide analysis. SDME may be considered a promising method due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness
Clay mineralogical evidence of Quaternary paleoclimate in Northern Morocco
Authors: Tichli Soufiane , Outiskt Mohamed , Aboumaria Khadija
Published: March 2024

The paleoclimate during the Pleistocene period can be deduced from the study of the composition of clay minerals in the marine terraces of the Tangier region, Morocco. In the study, samples collected from the study area's deposits were examined to determine the different clay mineral compositions and their palaeoclimatic implications. Consequently, quantitative assemblages of clay minerals were obtained by studying data from X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms. These assemblages are mainly composed of illite and minor quantities of montmorillonite. The dominance of the mineral illite reveals that the region experienced dry, arid climatic conditions, and the montmorillonite shows seasonal climatic periods. These data are strongly correlated with Pleistocene climatic conditions in the Mediterranean region.
Study of Seasonal Trends in Ocean Characteristics and Acidification in Al Hoceima Bay (Central Rif, Morocco)
Authors: Hrida Abdelghafour , Etebaai Issam , Taher Morad
Published: March 2024

The Al Hoceima,bay as a vital marine ecosystem, faces the challenge of ocean acidification, a major consequence of climate change. This study analyzes the variation of three key oceanic parameters - Sea Surface Temperature (SST), seawater pH, and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) - over a 12-year period, from 2010 to 2021, utilizing an advanced statistical approach. The results reveal distinct seasonal trends and specific noteworthy years. Ocean acidification may pose a threat to the marine biodiversity of the region. This analysis is crucial for comprehending and mitigating the impacts of climate change on the Bay of Al Hoceima.
Liebe Leser*innen der Adipositas
Authors: Holzapfel Christina
Published: March 2024

der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) hat im
November 2023 die Voraussetzungen für ein strukturiertes Behandlungsprogramm
(Disease-Management-Programm, DMP) Adipositas für Erwachsene geschaffen. Es ist
vorgesehen, dass die DMP-Teilnehmenden neben einem differenzierten Behandlungsplan
auch Schulungsangebote sowie individualisierte Empfehlungen zu Ernährung und
Bewegung erhalten sollen. Auch die Veröffentlichung der überarbeiteten S2-Leitlinie
zur Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas, in der die multimodale Basistherapie
bestehend aus Ernährung, Bewegung und Verhalten eine wesentliche Rolle spielt, steht
bevor. Somit ist es mir eine besondere Freude, dass die erste Ausgabe der Adipositas
im Jahr 2024 dem Schwerpunkt Ernährung gewidmet ist.
Informationsplattform COVID-19 für die Primärversorgung: Entstehung
und Entwicklung einer webbasierten Wissensplattform in der COVID-19
Pandemie
Authors: Wendler Maria , Erber Patrick , Dolcic Johanna , Oswald Johannes , Rabady Susanne
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund Der Ausbruch von SARS-Cov-2 im Frühjahr 2020 forderte das
Gesundheitssystem und damit die primärmedizinische Versorgung in noch nie
dagewesenem Ausmaß. Das Wissen über die neue Krankheit war gering, die Dynamik
der Wissensgenerierung hoch und inhomogen. Es entstanden eine Reihe neuer
Aufgaben im Bereich der Primärversorgung in Zusammenhang mit der pandemischen
Situation. Unterstützung im Umgang mit COVID-19 war daher notwendig, obwohl
belastbare Evidenz noch nicht zur Verfügung stand. Der Informationsbedarf
bestand nicht nur hinsichtlich des Virus und der neuen Erkrankung COVID-19,
sondern auch hinsichtlich behördlicher Vorgaben und organisatorischer Fragen. In
dieser Situation wurde an der Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität Krems eine
flexible, leicht aktualisierbare und praxistaugliche webbasierte
Wissensplattform entwickelt und als „COVID-19: Prävention und Umgang in
Primärversorgungspraxen“ am 25.03.2020 online gestellt. Wir beschreiben in
diesem Paper in Form einer restrospektiven Prozessbeschreibung zunächst den
bedarfsorientiert getriggerten Prozess der Entwicklung und Disseminierung eines
praxisorientierten Tools zur Unterstützung praktisch tätiger Hausärzt:innen in
einer Phase hoher Ungewissheit mit dringlichem Informationsbedarf. Danach wird
der Lernprozess von einem rein pragmatischen hin zu zunehmend strukturiertem
Vorgehen reflektiert und wir versuchen, Schlüsse hinsichtlich
Optimierungsmöglichkeiten in Bezug auf Erstellung und Disseminierung zu
ziehen.

Schlussfolgerung und Ausblick In Situationen hoher Ungewissheit bei
gleichzeitigem akuten Handlungs- und Entscheidungsbedarf entsteht erheblicher
Bedarf an möglichst verlässlicher Information. Wissenschaftstransfer muss so
erfolgen, dass Informationen rasch umsetzbar sind. Die Disseminierung spielt
dabei wie immer eine wesentliche Rolle. Lücken müssen in Kauf genommen werden.
Ein strukturierter Prozess der Qualitätssicherung hat parallel etabliert zu
werden. Mittel und Ressourcen für den Wissenstransfer sollten in künftigen
Pandemieplänen vorgesehen werden.
Musikerleben mit Kochleaimplantat: aktuelle neurowissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse
Authors: Hahn Laura Elisabeth , Männel Claudia , Mürbe Dirk
Published: March 2024

Cochlear implants (CIs) can provide access to music despite profound hearing loss. Yet the quality of music experience with CIs remains heterogeneous. The perception of basic musical features and more complex processing steps can be investigated using EEG, for example by relying on the mismatch paradigm and semantic priming. Future research and rehabilitation should shift in focus to the individual musical experience of CI users under everyday listening conditions.
Medizinische Versorgung von Menschen in prekären Lebenssituationen in
Deutschland – Vergleichende Analyse von fünf Clearingstellen
Authors: Kirschner Wolf , Kretschmer Sandra , Zwirner Louise , James Jana
Published: March 2024

Prekäre Lebenssituationen sind neben Erwerbslosigkeit, Erwerbsarmut, oft
ungesicherten Wohnverhältnissen und erhöhter Morbidität nicht selten zusätzlich
auch durch eine fehlende oder unzureichende Krankenversicherung gekennzeichnet.
In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland lebt eine nur schwer quantifizierbare Zahl von
Personen, die aus unterschiedlichen Gründen über einen nur eingeschränkten oder
überhaupt keinen Krankenversicherungsschutz verfügt. Dazu zählen Deutsche,
EU-Bürger*innen, Personen aus Drittstaaten, Wohnungs- und Obdachlose sowie
Personen ohne Papiere. Die gesundheitliche Versorgung der Betroffenen erfolgt
häufig weitgehend außerhalb des Regelsystems. Seit einigen Jahren gibt es in
einigen Bundesländern und Kommunen zusätzliche Projekte, um diesen
Problembereich durch Clearingstellen und/oder Kostenübernahmen für die
gesundheitliche Versorgung anzugehen und Übergänge in die Regelversorgung zu
schaffen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden fünf dieser Projekte hinsichtlich ihrer
Struktur und Arbeitsweise vergleichend untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass
vielen Menschen damit geholfen werden kann, allerdings muss für eine Deckung des
hohen und weiter zunehmenden Bedarfs neben der sicher notwendigen Ausweitung und
Verstetigung der Projekte auch an umfassenderen Lösungen gearbeitet werden.
Gleichzeitig sollten die statistischen und epidemiologischen Datengrundlagen
dringend verbessert werden.
Das Deutsche Transplantationsregister – eine Analyse der Altdaten
2006–2016
Authors: Otto Gerd , Budde Klemens , Bara Christoph , Gottlieb Jens
Published: March 2024

Einleitung 2018 wurden transplantationsmedizinische Daten, die bei drei
Institutionen vorliegen, zusammengeführt, um ein deutsches
Transplantationsregister zu schaffen. Seit Juni 2021 besteht Zugriff auf Daten
des Registers. Um Sonderregelungen der Organallokation mit Regelallokation bei
Herz-, Leber-, Lungen- und Nierentransplantation zu vergleichen sollten die
Registerdaten analysiert werden. Unser Vorgehen führte zu einer Qualitätsanalyse
des Registers.

Methoden Auf Antrag wurden Altdaten des Registers bereitgestellt. Die
Daten sind in 61 Elemente gegliedert. Hieraus muss der Nutzer den benötigten
Datensatz zusammenstellen. Es erfolgten Prüfungen auf Vollständigkeit, korrekte
Zuordenbarkeit der Angaben und Übereinstimmung bei unterschiedlicher
Datenherkunft. Hierzu wurden die Datensoftwares R, SQL und Excel verwendet.

Ergebnisse Die Ausgangselemente (Elemente „Warteliste“) der 4
Transplantationsarten enthalten Daten von insgesamt 80.259 ursprünglich
gelisteten Patienten. Diese Patienten sind in anderen Elementen nur
unvollständig vorhanden, so dass sich für die Wartezeit nur in 23, 30, 50 und
96% sowie für den Verlauf nach Transplantation in 14, 11, 38 und 13% (Herz-,
Leber-, Lungen- und Nierentransplantation) ein vollständiger Datensatz
zusammenstellen lässt. Die Verknüpfung von Dringlichkeitsangaben mit klinischen
Angaben gelingt nur bei einem geringen Anteil, 6% bei der Herztransplantation.
Es finden sich regelwidrige und damit undenkbare Zuordnungen bei
Allokations-Sonderregelungen, was nur durch falsche Einträge im Register erklärt
werden kann. Daten unterschiedlicher Datenlieferanten sind widersprüchlich.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Unvollständigkeit und fehlerhafte Datenzuordnung stellen
wissenschaftliche Studien anhand des Transplantationsregisters in Frage. Die
komplexe Struktur behindert zudem die Zusammenstellung eines verlässlichen
Datensatzes und ist international unüblich. Neudaten ab 2017 stehen erst seit
Dezember 2023 zur Verfügung. Das Transplantationsregister sollte dringend neu
strukturiert werden. Fachkompetentes klinisches Datenmanagement, Einbeziehung
transplantationsmedizinischer Expertise sowie kontinuierliche
Qualitätskontrollen sind dabei essentiell.
Ökonomische Relevanz vermeidbarer Beschäftigungsverbote an Schulen in
Bayern
Authors: Wolfschmidt-Fietkau Anna , Ochmann Uta , Hiller Julia , Nowak Dennis , Schöffski Oliver , Drexler Hans
Published: March 2024

Einleitung Gemäß Mutterschutzgesetz können Immunitätslücken in Verbindung
mit einem erhöhten beruflichen Infektionsrisiko (z. B. in der Kinderbetreuung)
eine unverantwortbare Gefährdung für Schwangere am Arbeitsplatz darstellen. Kann
die Gefährdung nicht anderweitig beseitigt werden, muss der Arbeitgeber in
diesen Fällen ein betriebliches Beschäftigungsverbot (BV) aussprechen. Dieses
wäre immer dann theoretisch vermeidbar gewesen, wenn die ursächlichen
Immunitätslücken durch rechtzeitige Impfung hätten geschlossen werden
können.

Methoden Im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens wurden vom 01.09.2016 bis zum
25.03.2020 1922 Schwangere an staatlichen bayerischen Schulen zur
Infektionsgefährdung am Arbeitsplatz beraten. Falls sich aus der Konstellation
von beruflichem Gefährdungsprofil und Immunstatus eine unverantwortbare
Gefährdung ergab, wurde ein BV ärztlich empfohlen. Wir ermittelten den Anteil
der BV, die theoretisch impfpräventabel gewesen wären und kalkulierten
näherungsweise die daraus resultierenden, theoretisch vermeidbaren
Arbeitszeitausfälle und Personalkosten.

Ergebnisse In 425 Fällen (22%) wurde ein betriebliches BV ärztlicherseits
für erforderlich erachtet. 193 (45%) der BV wurden retrospektiv als theoretisch
vermeidbar klassifiziert. Davon waren 53 (27%) befristet bis zur 20.
Schwangerschaftswoche und 140 unbefristet. Daraus ließ sich für unser Kollektiv
näherungsweise ein Ausfall von 2746 Arbeitswochen und ein Gesamtbetrag von etwa
5.763.305 € für theoretisch vermeidbare Personalausfälle im Beobachtungszeitraum
(3,6 Jahre) kalkulieren. Bei einer orientierenden Hochrechnung auf das gesamte
bayerische Schulpersonal resultierten 4.260 Wochen theoretisch vermeidbarer
Arbeitszeitausfall und theoretisch vermeidbare Kosten von fast 8.941.000 € pro
Jahr im Bezugszeitraum.

Schlussfolgerung Theoretisch vermeidbare BV aufgrund von Impflücken können
erhebliche Arbeitszeitausfälle und hohe Personalkosten nach sich ziehen. Daher
sollten verstärkt Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um das Impfangebot an Frauen und
deren Impfbereitschaft zu vergrößern. Angesichts geänderter regulatorischer
Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland seit 2020 sollten neue Erhebungen durchgeführt
werden, sobald ausreichend Daten nach Beendigung der pandemiebedingten
generellen BV vorliegen.
Perceptions, Experiences, and Patterns of Cannabis Use in Individuals
with Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the Context of Cannabis Legalization and
Medical Cannabis Program in Canada – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Das Ankita , Hendershot Christian S. , Husain M.Ishrat , Knyahnytska Yuliya , Elsaid Sonja , Le Foll Bernard , Kloiber Stefan
Published: March 2024

Introduction Perceptions of cannabis as a potential medical treatment for
mood and anxiety disorders have been increasing in the context of legalizations,
availability, and medical cannabis programs, though current evidence
predominately indicates risks and negative effects of cannabis use (CU) on
mental health outcomes. This study aims to understand motivations, perceptions,
effects, and patterns of CU in individuals with mood and anxiety disorders.

Methods Thirty-six adult patients diagnosed with mood or anxiety
disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder who
were currently using cannabis completed an in-depth qualitative interview on
individual motivations, perceptions, experiences, effects, and patterns of their
CU. The thematic analysis focused on phases of CU and sources of cannabis
products and information.

Results Reported motivations for initiation of CU included curiosity, peer
pressure, and dissatisfaction with conventional treatments. Factors such as
psychotropic effects and coping with mental health symptoms and insomnia
contributed to the continuation of CU. More negative effects, including
cognitive dysfunction, worsening of mood, and anxiety symptoms, were
acknowledged with ongoing CU. Concerning findings included common initiation of
CU before age 18, combined medical and recreational CU, rare consultation of
medical professionals on CU, and potential effects and harms.

Discussion Findings indicate individual complexity of motivations,
perceptions, and patterns of CU in the study population. The reported potential
beneficial effects of specific cannabis products should be further investigated.
Findings emphasize patient-provider dialogue on both CU and conventional
treatments. Information from this study can contribute to and inform the
development of education, prevention, and intervention strategies.
Pilonidal Sinus of the Anal Canal: A Rare Entity - Case Report
Authors: Baviskar Rahul Himmatrao , Baviskar Rita Rahul , Wagh Kiran Dharma
Published: March 2024

Pilonidal sinus is the term first used by Hodges in 1880 to describe a granulomatous lesion containing hairs. It has been previously described as hair extracted from an ulcer and referred to as Jeep's disease, in world war days. Pilonidal sinus is the condition in which a sinus or fistula is situated at a short distance from the anus and generally contains hairs. It is commonly observed in the sacrococcygeal region and a few other sites, such as the axilla, umbilicus, face, etc. Its presence elsewhere is uncommon. Predisposing factors are traumatized, hairy skin, which leads entry of the hair inside the wound, thus forming a sinus. A 31-year-old patient presented with discharging endoanal sinus tract, which, on exploration, turned out to be an endoanal pilonidal sinus containing hair tufts, a rare case. The patient complained of recurrent pus discharge and anal pain for 45 days, reporting history of travelling around 70 km daily in a two-wheeler vehicle.

On first physical evaluation, a small endoanal bulge was found. It was located at 1 o'clock in lithotomy position (anterior), with purulent discharge and anterior anal fissure. For confirmation, an endoanal ultrasonography (USG) was performed, which showed a sinus tract containing internal echoes and gas bubbles with a small amount of pus. The sinus was explored, and a wide excision was made and left open for secondary healing.

Pilonidal sinus of the anal canal is a rare entity, and it can be found in hairy patients who are used to going on long, daily rides on two wheeled vehicles.
Retrospective Study of Patients Submitted to Appendectomy in a Tertiary Hospital: Is There a Difference between the Public and Supplementary Health System?
Authors: Corrêa Neto Isaac José Felippe , Robles Amanda Gambi , Nishiyama Victor Keniti Gomes , Arita Sany Tomomi de Almeida Rocha , Sperandio Gabriel Fiorot Cruz , Nishikawa Lia Yumi Omori , Pinto Rodrigo Ambar , Robles Laercio
Published: March 2024

Introduction Appendicitis is the surgical disease with the highest prevalence in emergency rooms. Its clinical and/or surgical complications are associated with the time course of symptoms, age, comorbidities, and stages of the disease.

Objectives To analyze the demographic and clinical data of patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis in a tertiary referral hospital in the city of São Paulo and compare these data between services provided by the Public and Supplementary Health System.

Methodology Retrospective analysis of data from electronic medical records of patients over 14 years old who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis at Hospital Santa Marcelina, both in the Public and Supplementary Health Systems from January 2015 to December 2017.

Results A total of 536 patients were analyzed, 354 (66%) of whom were male with a general mean age of 29.85 years (14–81 years). The mean time from symptoms to seeking medical care was 53.84 hours. Regarding the phases of acute appendicitis, a greater number of cases of complicated disease was observed in patients operated on in the Public Health System (p < 0.0001), as well as the time course of symptoms (p = 0.0005) and hospitalization (p = 0.0012). On the other hand, the surgical wound infection rate during the hospitalization period was similar between groups (p = 0.2118).

Conclusion There was a predominance of male patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis, with longer time course of symptoms in those operated on in the Public Health System and a predominance of appendicitis in advanced stages (3 and 4) in this group. However, in this group there was no significant increase in the rate of postoperative infection, and the length of stay was shorter than that of patients operated on in the Supplementary Health System.
Quality of Life and Financial Impacts of Permanent Colostomy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Colbran R. , Gillespie C. , Christensen P. , Kristensen HØ. , Warwick A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction Returning to work is an important cancer recovery milestone. Permanent colostomy can be required for rectal cancer treatment and can significantly impact well-being. We aimed to evaluate the impact of permanent colostomy on health-related quality of life and return to work in patients with rectal cancer.

Methods This was a retrospective cohort study on 23 employed patients receiving curative surgery for rectal cancer requiring permanent colostomy. Demographic and health-related quality-of-life questionnaires (the Colostomy Impact Score (CIS), the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30, and the EORTC QLQ-CR29) were posted to eligible patients.

Results On average, patients (10 female, 13 male, mean age 61.8 years) were 5.0 ± 3.5 years post-surgery. At the time of questioning, 73.9% had returned to work (21.7% changed their type of work), while 17.4% never returned to work. Of those that returned to work, 11.8% returned within 1 month of surgery, while 23.5% had not returned after 12 months. Comparison of CIS between patients that returned to the same work (14.6 ± 0.93), changed their work (13.0 ± 0.74), and did not return to work (14.3 ± 2.3) revealed no significant differences (p = 0.36). CIS did not correlate with days worked on return, or time to return to work (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Returning to work following rectal cancer treatment with permanent colostomy is challenging, with 17.4% never returning to work. Of those who returned to work, 23.5% required more than 12 months. This was not associated with CIS in our study.
Development and implementation of the Specialist Palliative Care in Aged Care Project across Queensland
Authors: Smith Rebecca , Merlo Gregory , Broadbent Andrew M. , Lock Caitlin , Mickan Sharon , Morgan Nicola
Published: March 2024

There is an urgent and unmet need for specialist palliative care services in residential aged care. The Specialist Palliative Care in Aged Care (SPACE) Project aimed to improve palliative and end-of-life care for older people living in residential aged care facilities in Queensland. A representative working group developed a series of service principles around palliative care practice in aged care (comprehensive resident-focused care, streamlined service, and capacity building). Funding was allocated by population to the health services in Queensland to adapt and implement models of care aligned with these principles. SPACE successfully implemented a variety of decentralised models of care across Queensland. The critical elements for the success of SPACE were the use of an expert working group to define the core innovation, networking and implementation support from the central project team and community of practice, and adaptable models of care led by local facilitators. Lessons learned from this real-world case study could be adopted to guide and ensure the successful implementation and sustainability of future complex interventions in healthcare settings, both nationally and internationally.
Thermodynamic modulation of gephyrin condensation by inhibitory synapse components
Authors: Lee Gyehyun , Kim Seungjoon , Hwang Da-Eun , Eom Yu-Gon , Jang Gyubin , Park Hye Yoon , Choi Jeong-Mo , Ko Jaewon , Shin Yongdae
Published: March 2024

Phase separation drives compartmentalization of intracellular contents into various biomolecular condensates. Individual condensate components are thought to differentially contribute to the organization and function of condensates. However, how intermolecular interactions among constituent biomolecules modulate the phase behaviors of multicomponent condensates remains unclear. Here, we used core components of the inhibitory postsynaptic density (iPSD) as a model system to quantitatively probe how the network of intra- and intermolecular interactions defines the composition and cellular distribution of biomolecular condensates. We found that oligomerization-driven phase separation of gephyrin, an iPSD-specific scaffold, is critically modulated by an intrinsically disordered linker region exhibiting minimal homotypic attractions. Other iPSD components, such as neurotransmitter receptors, differentially promote gephyrin condensation through distinct binding modes and affinities. We further demonstrated that the local accumulation of scaffold-binding proteins at the cell membrane promotes the nucleation of gephyrin condensates in neurons. These results suggest that in multicomponent systems, the extent of scaffold condensation can be fine-tuned by scaffold-binding factors, a potential regulatory mechanism for self-organized compartmentalization in cells.
Hominin population bottleneck coincided with migration from Africa during the Early Pleistocene ice age transition
Authors: Muttoni Giovanni , Kent Dennis V.
Published: March 2024

Two recently published analyses make cases for severe bottlenecking of human populations occurring in the late Early Pleistocene, one case at about 0.9 Mya based on a genomic analysis of modern human populations and the low number of hominin sites of this age in Africa and the other at about 1.1 Mya based on an age inventory of sites of hominin presence in Eurasia. Both models point to climate change as the bottleneck trigger, albeit manifested at very different times, and have implications for human migrations as a mechanism to elude extinction at bottlenecking. Here, we assess the climatic and chronologic components of these models and suggest that the several hundred-thousand-year difference is largely an artifact of biases in the chronostratigraphic record of Eurasian hominin sites. We suggest that the best available data are consistent with the Galerian hypothesis expanded from Europe to Eurasia as a major migration pulse of fauna including hominins in the late Early Pleistocene as a consequence of the opening of land routes from Africa facilitated by a large sea level drop associated with the first major ice age of the Pleistocene and concurrent with widespread aridity across Africa that occurred during marine isotope stage 22 at ~0.9 Mya. This timing agrees with the independently dated bottleneck from genomic analysis of modern human populations and allows speculations about the relative roles of climate forcing on the survival of hominins.
The
Arabidopsis
BUB1/MAD3 family protein BMF3 requires BUB3.3 to recruit CDC20 to kinetochores in spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
Authors: Deng Xingguang , Peng Felicia Lei , Tang Xiaoya , Lee Yuh-Ru Julie , Lin Hong-Hui , Liu Bo
Published: March 2024

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures faithful chromosome segregation during cell division by monitoring kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Plants produce both sequence-conserved and diverged SAC components, and it has been largely unknown how SAC activation leads to the assembly of these proteins at unattached kinetochores to prevent cells from entering anaphase. In
Arabidopsis thaliana
, the noncanonical BUB3.3 protein was detected at kinetochores throughout mitosis, unlike MAD1 and the plant-specific BUB1/MAD3 family protein BMF3 that associated with unattached chromosomes only. When BUB3.3 was lost by a genetic mutation, mitotic cells often entered anaphase with misaligned chromosomes and presented lagging chromosomes after they were challenged by low doses of the microtubule depolymerizing agent oryzalin, resulting in the formation of micronuclei. Surprisingly, BUB3.3 was not required for the kinetochore localization of other SAC proteins or vice versa. Instead, BUB3.3 specifically bound to BMF3 through two internal repeat motifs that were not required for BMF3 kinetochore localization. This interaction enabled BMF3 to recruit CDC20, a downstream SAC target, to unattached kinetochores. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that plant SAC utilizes unconventional protein interactions for arresting mitosis, with BUB3.3 directing BMF3’s role in CDC20 recruitment, rather than the recruitment of BUB1/MAD3 proteins observed in fungi and animals. This distinct mechanism highlights how plants adapted divergent versions of conserved cell cycle machinery to achieve specialized SAC control.
Comment on ‘Thermodynamic relations and ro-vibrational energy levels of the improved Pöschl-Teller oscillator for diatomic molecules’
Authors: Fernández Francisco M
Published: March 2024

We argue that the canonical partition function derived by Eyube et al (2021 J. Phys. B 5 155102) is not correct because the authors did not take into account the contribution of the rotational degrees of freedom. Consequently, the thermodynamic functions derived from it are unsuitable for any physical application.
Comparative study of the decay process of LIP and gas arc in SF6/N2 gas mixture by Thomson scattering
Authors: Liu Tianxiao , Sun Hao , Zhang Yushi , Lu Yang , Xiao Jianqiao , Li Gang , Niu Chunping , Wu Yi
Published: March 2024

The SF6/N2 gas mixture mitigates the challenges associated with the use and liquefaction problems of pure SF6. It has great significance to analyze the decay characteristics of the plasma in it. Laser-induced plasma (LIP) and gas arc represent two distinct types of plasma, differing significantly in energy density and duration. This study utilized collective Thomson scattering diagnostics to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of electron density of these two plasmas, with varying SF6/N2 mix ratios as the gas medium. Our findings indicate that initially, the electron density in gas arc is lower, and its decay rate is generally slower compared to LIP. However, as the SF6 concentration increases, the decay process accelerates for both LIP and gas arcs. It is worth noting that when the SF6 volume fraction exceeds 70%, the decay rate of electron density approaches that of pure SF6 in both plasma types, suggesting a saturation effect near a 70% SF6/N2 mix ratio in terms of electron density decay.
Transmission electron microscopy reveals clusters of Au–Ag nanoparticles formed in TiO2 thin film, with enhanced plasmonic response
Authors: Costa Diogo , Rodrigues Marco S , Roiban Lucian , Borges Joel , Steyer Philippe , Vaz Filipe
Published: March 2024

This work reports on the influence of nanoparticle (NP) size distribution and the chemical nature of gold (Au) and/or silver (Ag) NPs in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) responses. The NPs were produced embedded in a titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film, deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering technique followed by in-vacuum thermal treatment at 400 °C. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) gave quantitative key information in terms of both the size and distribution of the noble metal NPs. The average Feret diameter was 17 nm (σ = 8) and 55 nm (σ = 28) for Au/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 films, respectively, while the Au–Ag/TiO2 film showed intermediate values, with an average size of 22 nm (σ = 9). HAAD-STEM, complemented by EDX chemical mapping, revealed an unusual formation of cluster structures containing local distributions of bimetallic (alloyed) Au–Ag NPs. The synergetic characteristics and properties of such bimetallic Au–Ag NPs resulted in an outstanding LSPR sensitivity compared to the monometallic counterparts. Furthermore, the analysis of the average nearest neighbor distances (about one order of magnitude lower than counterparts) suggests the existence of plasmonic hotspots relevant to be explored in sensing and surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
Why neural functionals suit statistical mechanics
Authors: Sammüller Florian , Hermann Sophie , Schmidt Matthias
Published: March 2024

We describe recent progress in the statistical mechanical description of many-body systems via machine learning combined with concepts from density functional theory and many-body simulations. We argue that the neural functional theory by Sammülleret al(2023Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.120e2312484120) gives a functional representation of direct correlations and of thermodynamics that allows for thorough quality control and consistency checking of the involved methods of artificial intelligence. Addressing a prototypical system we here present a pedagogical application to hard core particle in one spatial dimension, where Percus’ exact solution for the free energy functional provides an unambiguous reference. A corresponding standalone numerical tutorial that demonstrates the neural functional concepts together with the underlying fundamentals of Monte Carlo simulations, classical density functional theory, machine learning, and differential programming is available online athttps://github.com/sfalmo/NeuralDFT-Tutorial.
Few-shot condition diagnosis of rolling bearing using adversarial transfer network with class aggregation-guided
Authors: Tian Shaoning , Zhen Dong , Sun Guohua , Liu Xiaoang , Feng Guojin , Gu Fengshou
Published: March 2024

For the challenge of fault identification under limited labeled data in engineering applications, a novel adversarial transfer network with class aggregation-guided (ATN-CA) is proposed for few-shot condition diagnosis of bearings. The ATN-CA can focus on the discrepancy features of bearings by the proposed local discrepancy feature representation, which avoids that the features extracted by a single neural network may omit important fault information. Further, the proposed class aggregation-guided strategy uses the semantic information of signals to guide the dynamic adaptation of marginal and conditional distributions of source and target data, which shortens the distribution distance of the same category in different domains, thus completing the transfer diagnosis. By comparing with some existing methods on the artificial and real bearing fault datasets, results show the proposed method has the highest test precision and the smallest accuracy deviation in the transfer diagnosis of bearings.
ASG-HOMGAT: a high-order multi-head graph attention network with adaptive small graph structure for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Chen Renwen , Liu Hao , Liu Fei , Zhang Junyi
Published: March 2024

Traditional Euclidean spatial data processing is difficult to capture the inherent relationships of unstructured data such as bearing vibration signals. Representing vibration signals in graphical form helps to preserve their topological structure and temporal information. Secondly, most existing graph convolutional network methods are based on large graph structured data, which incurs certain memory overhead when aggregating high-order neighborhood node information and ignores important information between samples in the global graph structure. To address these issues, this paper proposes a high-order multi-head graph attention network based on an adaptive small graph structure (ASG-HOMGAT) for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Firstly, the adaptive preprocessing layer is used to adaptively denoise and compress the one-dimensional time-domain vibration signal, generating small rule graph data with topological structure. Then, these small graph structured data samples are input into a higher-order graph neural network, which aggregates features from multiple higher-order neighborhoods to achieve richer feature representations and fully explore the intrinsic correlation between samples. Finally, these features are aggregated into a reinforced representation of graph nodes through a multi head attention mechanism, and a SoftMax classifier is used for fault classification. The experimental results show that the ASG-HOMGAT method has better performance compared to mainstream graph neural network diagnostic models. The code and model will be released at: https://github.com/ding-ss/ASG-HOMGAT.
A new fault diagnosis of rolling bearing on FFT image coding and L-CNN
Authors: Cui Kun , Liu Mei , Meng Yanan
Published: March 2024

To address the problems of low diagnostic accuracy and slow diagnostic speed of the convolutional neural network (CNN) fault diagnosis method in rolling bearing diagnosis, a new rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) image coding and lightweight-CNN (L-CNN) is proposed. The method is mainly divided into three stages: firstly, the original signal is reconstructed by noise reduction using a joint noise reduction method of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, permutation entropy, and wavelet threshold denoise; then, the frequency spectra and phase spectra feature fusion data of the noise-reduced and reconstructed bearing vibration signals are obtained by FFT, the feature fusion data are encoded into a heat map, and the image coding data-set is fed into an improved L-CNN for fault diagnosis. Experiments were carried out using the Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology bearing fault data-set and the Case Western Reserve University bearing fault data-set with diagnostic accuracies of 98.75% and 99%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the method can effectively classify bearing fault vibration signals with the advantages of a fast diagnosis, high accuracy, and good generalization ability.
A dual-weighted adversarial network for partial domain fault diagnosis of machinery
Authors: Ding Xue , Deng Aidong , Deng Minqiang , Shi Yaowei , Gryllias Konstantinos
Published: March 2024

Domain adaptation provides a promising approach to cross-domain fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. While many current methods focus on scenarios where the source and target domains share identical label spaces, a prevalent situation in industrial production involves the target domain being a subset of the source domain, known as partial domain adaptation (PDA). The main challenge in PDA is the label mismatches caused by outlier classes, making the alignment between domains particularly difficult. To this end, a dual-weighted adversarial network is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a bilateral class weighting strategy (BCWS) is developed, which can effectively suppress negative migration at the decision boundary while improving the robustness of adversarial training by applying bilateral weighting to both the source and target domains. Moreover, a collaborative framework is developed to facilitate positive migration. The constructed global perceptual module (GPM) is highly correlated with the improved adversarial loss function, which adaptively adjusts the input feature map according to the accuracy of the target domain classification and pays more attention to the domain-invariant features. Experimental results for two cases, namely across different operating conditions and across different rotating components, verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method for the PDA problem.