bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Ripples Reduction in DTC of Induction Motor by Using a New Reduced Switching Table
Authors: Mokhtari Bachir , Benkhoris Mohamed F.
Published: June 2016

The direct torque and flux control (DTC) of electrical motors is characterized by ripples of torque and flux. Among the many solutions proposed to reduce them is to use modified switching tables which is very advantageous; because its implementation is easy and requires no additional cost compared to other solutions. This paper proposes a new reduced switching table (RST) to improve the DTC by reducing harmful ripples of torque and flux. This new switching table is smaller than the conventional one (CST) and depends principally at the flux error. This solution is studied by simulation under Matlab/Simulink and experimentally validated on a testbed with DSPACE1103. The results obtained of a DTC with RST applied to a three-phase induction motor (IM) show a good improvement and an effectiveness of proposed solution, the torque ripple decreases about 47% and 3% for the stator flux compared with a basic DTC.
Nested GVZ-groups
Authors: Nenciu Adriana
Published: June 2016

We investigate the finite groups G for which

χ

(
1
)

2

=
|
G
:
Z

(
χ
)

|

${\chi(1)^{2}=|G:Z(\chi)|}$

for all characters

χ
∈

Irr
⁡

(
G
)

${\chi\in\operatorname{Irr}(G)}$

and

{

Z
⁢

(
χ
)

:

χ
∈

Irr
⁡

(
G
)

}

${\{Z(\chi):\chi\in\operatorname{Irr}(G)\}}$

is a chain with respect to inclusion. We call these groups nested GVZ-groups. We will show that for every

n
≥
2

${n\geq 2}$

there is a nested GVZ-group with nilpotency class n.
A family of non-Schurian p-Schur rings over groups of order p3${p^{3}}$
Authors: Kim Kijung
Published: June 2016

Recently, it was proved that every commutative p-Schur ring over a group of order

p
3

${p^{3}}$

is Schurian.
In this article, we consider the Schurity problem of non-commutative p-Schur rings over groups of order

p
3

${p^{3}}$

.
In particular, we give a family of non-Schurian p-Schur rings over groups of order

p
3

${p^{3}}$

.
Multiple-Attribute Group Decision-Making Method under a Neutrosophic Number Environment
Authors: Ye Jun
Published: June 2016

As a neutrosophic number, which consists of a determinate part and an indeterminate part, can more easily and better express incomplete and indeterminate information that exists commonly in real situations, the main purposes of this paper are to provide a neutrosophic number tool for group decision-making problems with indeterminate information under a neutrosophic number environment and to develop a de-neutrosophication method and a possibility degree ranking method for neutrosophic numbers from the probability viewpoint as a methodological support for group decision-making problems. In group decision-making problems with neutrosophic numbers, through the de-neutrosophication and possibility degree ranking order of neutrosophic numbers, the ranking order of alternatives is performed well as the possibility degree ranking method has the intuitive meaning from the probability viewpoint, and then the best one(s) can be determined as well. Finally, two illustrative examples show the applications and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Suggested In-service Training Model Based on Turkish Preschool Teachersí Conceptions for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kabadayi Abdülkadir
Published: June 2016

Nowadays, teacher professionalization has been upgrading and the status, training and working conditions of teachers have received a great deal of interest for sustainable education. It is recognized that if teachers are equipped with adequate professional knowledge and personal practical knowledge, they will become active curriculum planners at schools - and will have the potentials to transform from “cook” to “chef” in teaching. Therefore, in-service training of teachers is one of the most effective ways of sharing professional experiences and a medium of sustainable education in the society. Based on the existing literature, the present study was conducted to investigate the preschool teachers’ needs about in-service training courses (INSET) to suggest an effective INSET model based on their INSET needs assessment for sustainable education in a Turkish setting. A questionnaire consisting of fixed-response, open-ended and Likertstyle questions was administered to preschool teachers (n=133) currently working in Tokat, one of the vicinities of Turkey, to obtain information about their background characteristics and to determine their conceptions and needs for INSET for sustainable education. The study comprises two steps. As a first stage, socio-demographic structures of the INSET participants are analyzed in respect to different variables. In the second stage, the preferences of the INSET participants are analyzed regarding before in-service training, while in-service training and after in-service training process.
An Exploration of Teaching Practices of Private, Public, and Public-Private EFL Teachers in Iran
Authors: Gholami Javad , Sarkhosh Mehdi , Abdi Heidar
Published: June 2016

This study investigates the practices of public (high) school, private language institute, and public-private teachers. In particular, it aims at addressing the role of contextual factors, the variations teachers introduce to cope with them, and the degree of sustainable behaviour among these three groups of teachers. High school teachers consisted of those who taught only in high schools and the ones teaching both in high schools and private language institutes. For this purpose, classroom practices of 60 EFL teachers (N=20 per group) with 3 to 6 years of teaching experience and BA degree in TEF) were compared in terms of group/pair work, teacher talking time, L1 use, questioning, corrective feedback, and coverage of language skills. The findings of the study indicate that a significant difference exists among these three groups of teachers in terms of their practices. It is noteworthy that in the same teaching context of high school, the practices of teachers with and without private language teaching experience are significantly dissimilar except in the duration of pair/group work activities and the rates of repetition and explicit correction. This study suggests that high school EFL teachers with teaching experience in private language institutes subscribe more closely to the tenets of communicative language teaching and thus can act as powerful agents of sustainable language teaching in Iranian public schools.
Social Emotional Learning: Implementation of Sustainability-Oriented Program in Latvia
Authors: Martinsone Baiba
Published: June 2016

This article is focused on the description of the content and the implementation process of an originally developed, culturally appropriate and sustainable social and emotional learning program in Latvia. The article also includes the teachers’ self-reflected experience illustrated through the perspective of the program’s sample activities. The general goal of the program is to develop the emotional and social competencies of pupils, and at the same time to introduce to schoolteachers the principles necessary for combining academic and social emotional learning. As a preventive approach this program is aimed at all ages of pupils (from primary forms to secondary grades). During the school years 2012/ 13 and 2013/14 the social emotional learning program was introduced in 39 schools in Latvia (a total of 12 699 pupils). The participants implementing the program were 630 classroom teachers (614 female and 16 male with the mean age 45.04 years). As a result of the program implementation, social and emotional learning principles became a common approach for the entire school; the teachers became well versed on social emotional issues and received materials for conducting class lessons at each level; regular teacher supervisions were provided; regional supervisors were trained to sustain the pedagogical practice.
The Effect of Professional Development on Teacher Efficacy and Teachers’ Self-Analysis of Their Efficacy Change
Authors: Yoo Julia H.
Published: June 2016

The current study examined the effect of an online professional development learning experience on teachers’ self-efficacy through 148 (Male=22; Female=126) K-12 teachers and school educators. The Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tschannen- Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) was administered twice with a five-week gap. Additionally, all participants’ descriptive self-analysis of their own score change was examined to analyze teachers’ attributions of their self-efficacy change. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that teacher efficacy increased as a result of their online professional development experience. Participants’ self-analysis of their efficacy change provided some possible explanations for mixed reports for the influence of experience on teacher efficacy.
Social Equality as Groundwork for Sustainable Schooling: The Free Lunch Issue
Authors: Kairiene Brigita , Sprindziunas Andrius
Published: June 2016

The purpose of the present study was to discuss the way of organizing free lunch at public schools as an important precondition for social equality and sustainability in school, by revealing acute forms of social disjunction in Lithuanian schools as a major incongruity with Children Rights, and an obstacle to the achievement of general education goals. The objective of the study: to study the experience of pupils subject to free lunch in public schools, as well as the experience and viewpoints of pedagogues involved in the organization of free lunch in relation to social equality and sustainable schooling.

A qualitative research was conducted in several Lithuanian schools focusing on the experience of the pupils, who had the privilege of having cost-free lunch at schools, as well as the pedagogues involved in organizing free lunch. The research data indicated the violation of children’s rights to healthy nutrition, as the respondents complained about the quality and the way of implementation of free lunch in schools. The research data revealed some discriminatory practices of separate queues to provide dishes to pupils from needy families, and limited or lacking opportunities for them to choose dishes. The analysis of the research data led to the recommendation to professionally assess the correspondence of the organization of free meals in the aspects of effectiveness, legal regulation and ethics with children’s needs.
Squaring the Circle of Multiculturalism? Religious Freedom and Gender Equality in Canada
Authors: Shachar Ayelet
Published: June 2016

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is globally unique in that it includes explicit commitments to the values of multiculturalism and gender equality. Section 27 of the Charter provides that: “[It] shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians,” whereas section 28 states that: “Notwithstanding anything in this Charter, the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons.” The Canadian experiment (as I will call it) offers us a rare, living laboratory in which a thriving constitutional system searches for legal and institutional pathways to addressing seemingly incongruous demands, obligations, rights, and protections. This article identifies a range of concrete legal responses developed and articulated by Canadian judges and other policymakers in response to claims for fair inclusion raised by members of religious minority communities. Contributing to ongoing theoretical and legal debates, I will conceptualize three variants of such fair inclusion claims. I will then assess what the Canadian multicultural experiment can teach other comparable countries about principled and pragmatic responses to the challenge of “living together” in shared spaces such as workplaces, schools, courthouses, and during citizenship ceremonies. The discussion will then explore the promises and pitfalls of a jurisprudential approach that resists the hierarchy of rights formulas, and tries instead to cover all grounds so as to neither erase diversity nor sacrifice equality.
Preparation and characterization of anti-fouling PVDF membrane modified by chitin
Authors: Xie Manman , Feng Xia , Hu Juncheng , Liu Zhengyi , Wang Zijian , Chen Li , Zhao Yiping
Published: June 2016

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/chitin (CH) blend membranes were prepared via the method of immersion-precipitation phase transformation with the solvent system N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/lithium chloride (LiCl) as solvent and water as coagulant. The effect of CH on membrane structure and performance was investigated. Owing to the strong hydrophilicity, CH chains enriched on the blend membrane surface and improved the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The addition of CH also led to the formation of finger-like pores and the increase of pore size and porosity. The flux and the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the blend membrane were higher than that of pure PVDF membrane. The fouling resistance of the blend membrane was lower than that of PVDF original membrane. In a word, the addition of CH to PVDF membrane improved the hydrophilicity and the anti-fouling ability of PVDF membrane.
When Should Governments Reveal Criminal Histories?
Authors: Simundza Daniel
Published: June 2016

This paper studies how government policies regarding when to publicly reveal criminal histories affect criminal behavior and labor productivity. I focus attention on two policies: a strict policy that publicly reveals citizens’ past criminal acts after the first conviction, and a lenient policy that discloses this information only after the second conviction. My main results provide conditions such that leniency benefits society by minimizing the crime rate and maximizing productivity of the criminal population. The lenient policy can minimize the crime rate when public notification has a relatively small positive effect on detection probabilities and agents have long expected criminal lifetimes. Moreover, I show that when either notification policy minimizes the crime rate it also maximizes labor productivity.
Litigation with a Variable Cost of Trial
Authors: Farmer Amy , Pecorino Paul
Published: June 2016

We develop a model of pretrial bargaining under asymmetric information where both the plaintiff and the defendant’s cost of proceeding to trial is an increasing function of the judgment at trial. This contrasts with the standard assumption that costs at trial are a constant. As a result of this assumption, fee shifting can affect the incidence of trial in a model in which it would otherwise have no effect. Fee shifting will increase the incidence of trial if the plaintiff expects to shift the variable costs of trial to the defendant on net and will lower the incidence of trial if the defendant expects to shift these costs to the plaintiff. The model also implies that a reallocation of the variable costs of trial from the defendant to the plaintiff will lower the incidence of trial.
Fedor Krause (1857-1937): the father of German neurosurgery
Authors: Costea Claudia Florida , Turliuc Dana Mihaela , Sava Anca , Dumitrescu Gabriela Florenţa , Cucu A.I. , Patraşcanu Emilia , Trandafir Daniela , Turliuc Ş.
Published: June 2016

Rightfully regarded as the father of German neurosurgery, Fedor Krause made a major contribution not only in world neurosurgery, but also in medicine. The aim of this paper is to highlight once more the significance and importance of Fedor Krause’s work and exceptional human quality.
Traumatic brain injury due to pressure cooker explosion in a child: case report
Authors: Calderon-Miranda Willem Guillermo , Escobar-Hernandez Nidia , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Rubiano Andres M. , Blancas-Rivera Marco Antonio , Agrawal Amit , Carmona-Meza Zenem , Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel
Published: June 2016

Traumatic brain injury is a common condition in the emergency services, affecting the pediatric and adult population significantly. Patterns of head injury as well as management principles in children are important differences compared to adults. Traumatic brain injury by Domestic pressure cooker is rare and has not been described in children, which to our knowledge is the first report in the literature of this nature.
Phenotypic and genotypic study of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients
Authors: Matroș Luminița , Krausz Tibor Ludovic , Pandrea Stanca Lucia , Ciontea Monica Ioana , Chiorean Erica , Pepelea Lia Sorina , Berar Antonela Marcela , Junie Lia Monica
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing carbapenemases represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunosuppressed patients. The aim of our study was to detect the production of metallo-carbapenemases (MBLs) by phenotypic methods and to detect the presence of the MBLs encoding genes (blaIMP and blaVIM) by PCR in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients to the Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca.

Material and methods: Between September 2014-February 2015, we tested thirty-eight P. aeruginosa strains resistant to carbapenems according to CLSI 2014 breakpoints, determined by Vitek®2(BioMérieux),isolated from various clinical specimens. Phenotypic detection of the MBLs production was performed using the KPC/MBL Confirmation kit (ROSCO®) and the MBL Etest® IP/IPI (BioMérieux). We used the PCR method for detecting MBLs encoding genes: blaIMP, blaVIM.

Results: The strains were obtained from surgery (55.3%), ICU (15.8%) and gastroenterology wards (28.9%), isolated from pus (25.8%), tracheal secretion (22.7%), bile (13.6%), sputum (10.6%), blood (10.6%), other secretions (16.7%). These strains were resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. By ROSCO® method 28/38 strains (73.7%) were positive with imipenem ± dipicolinic acid (DPA) and 22/38 (57.9%) with meropenem ± DPA. Etest® waspositive for the 28/38 strains (73.7%). 11 strains (28.9%) were positive for KPC with the screening method. We identified: 6 blaIMP+ (15.8%), 2 (5.3%) blaVIM+ and 4 blaIMP+/blaVIM+ strains (10.5%).

Conclusion: Both genes encoding MBL were found, alone or in combination. The increasing level of carbapenem resistance of these strains impose their routine testing to detect MBL.
Abnormal lipid metabolism in metabolic syndrome: an epigenetic perspective
Authors: Brudașcă Ioana , Cucuianu Mircea
Published: June 2016

Metabolic syndrome is a complex pathology including central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes, an atherogenic dyslipidemia and a prothrombotic state.

A new perspective on understanding the mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome is provided by the epigenetic changes (mainly DNA methylation and histone covalent modifications), which influence gene expression without changing of the DNA sequence.

DNA methylation (mainly in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A gene) and histone modifications were shown to be associated with VLDL and LDL phenotypes, with hyperglycemia and reduced level of HDL cholesterol, with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and with progression of atherosclerotic occlusion in peripheral arteries. The epigenetic changes can occur in the prenatal period, throughout the life span, and can be transmitted to the offspring. Both poor maternal nutrition and maternal obesity, diabetes and overfeeding can result in epigenetic alterations that amplify the risk of metabolic syndrome for the offspring.

Throughout life span, environmental factors, such as nutrition and exercise can induce epigenetic changes influencing the evolution of the metabolic syndrome (through adipocyte metabolism and insulin signaling pathway). The epigenetic modifications are not completely erased during gametogenesis and embryogensis, resulting in a transgenerational transmission of an epigenetic state up to the fifth generation.

Epigenetic mechanisms are an interface between environmental stimuli and resulting phenotype by inducing a certain transcriptional state, which may be also transmitted to the next generation(s) and which may predispose to an increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome in the context of a mismatched environment.

Elucidating epigenetic modulation might provide additional information about risk evaluation and more targeted therapeutical intervention.
Edusemiotics as process semiotics: Towards a new model of semiosis for teaching and learning
Authors: Stables Andrew
Published: June 2016

Standard definitions posit the sign as a discrete entity in relation with other signs and standing for an object (either physical or psychological). Thus the sign has two roles, as prompt and as substitutive representation. The latter raises difficult questions about the relationship of the semiotic to the non-semiotic or pre-semiotic, which can be resolved logically (as in Peirce) or rejected as unanswerable (as in Saussure), but which can never be satisfactorily resolved empirically as the phenomenal cannot be divorced from the semiotic. This impasse can be resolved if we drop the assumption that the sign is essentially substitutive. The assumption of discrete entities, at either the phenomenal or the noumenal levels, is a function of discredited substance metaphysics. On a process metaphysical account, the reality of the sign is not attached to the discreteness of any pre-existing entity. The sign remains as prompt and as relational but not (other than sometimes with respect to other signs) substitutive. Rather than defined as standing for an object, the sign can now be regarded much more simply as a feature of an event. This conception of the sign is explored in terms of its implications for teaching and learning.
Competitive Traffic Assignment in Road Networks
Authors: Krylatov Alexander Y. , Zakharov Victor V. , Malygin Igor G.
Published: June 2016

Recently in-vehicle route guidance and information systems are rapidly developing. Such systems are expected to reduce congestion in an urban traffic area. This social benefit is believed to be reached by imposing the route choices on the network users that lead to the system optimum traffic assignment. However, guidance service could be offered by different competitive business companies. Then route choices of different mutually independent groups of users may reject traffic assignment from the system optimum state. In this paper, a game theoretic approach is shown to be very efficient to formalize competitive traffic assignment problem with various groups of users in the form of non-cooperative network game with the Nash equilibrium search. The relationships between the Wardrop’s system optimum associated with the traffic assignment problem and the Nash equilibrium associated with the competitive traffic assignment problem are investigated. Moreover, some related aspects of the Nash equilibrium and the Wardrop’s user equilibrium assignments are also discussed.
Assessing the Contribution of Urban Freight Terminals in Last Mile Operations
Authors: Nathanail Eftihia , Gogas Michael , Adamos Giannis
Published: June 2016

This paper introduces a multi-stakeholder multi-criteria evaluation framework, which can be used for the assessment of the last mile distribution performance of urban freight terminals. To this end, a comparative analysis is conducted addressing two Greek urban intermodal freight terminals located at the port of Thessaloniki (ThPA) and Kuehne+Nagel (K+N)’s premises. The assessment of the terminals’ performance relies on a tailored multi-criteria Key Performance Indicator (KPI)-based evaluation framework, whereas the selection and significance of the incorporated criteria and KPIs is predetermined by the relevant responsible stakeholders, who imposed their viewpoint through an analytic hierarchy process. Results showed that ThPA was ranked first according to its performance pertaining to the role of an intermodal interchange; still, K+N’s performance index was only 8.5% lower than ThPA’s, while in specific KPIs it seems that it performs in a better way.
Cycloaddition reactions of 2H-1-benzothietes and 1,3,5,7-tetrathio-s-indacene-2,6-dithiones
Authors: Gröschl Dieter , Schollmeyer Dieter , Meier Herbert
Published: June 2016

2H-1-benzothiete (1) and 2H,5H-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]bisthiete (3) react in form of their open valence isomers with the trithiocarbonic acid esters 2a–c. The one- or twofold cycloaddition reactions yield 1,3-dithiin rings, in which C-2 is a spiro-C atom, that bears four sulfur groups. The bifunctional reactant 3 gives additionally band-shaped, hardly soluble oligomers.
Extremely high boron tolerance in Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. related to root boron exclusion and a well-regulated antioxidant system
Authors: Hamurcu Mehmet , Hakki Erdogan E. , Demiral Sert Tijen , Özdemir Canan , Minareci Ersin , Avsaroglu Zuhal Z. , Gezgin Sait , Ali Kayis Seyit , Bell Richard W.
Published: June 2016

Recent studies indicate an extremely high level of tolerance to boron (B) toxicity in Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. but the mechanistic basis is not known. Puccinellia distans was exposed to B concentrations of up to 1000 mg B L−1 and root B uptake, growth parameters, B and N contents, H2O2 accumulation and ·OH-scavenging activity were measured. Antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and lipid peroxidation products were determined. B appears to be actively excluded from roots. Excess B supply caused structural deformations in roots and leaves, H2O2 accumulation and simultaneous up-regulation of the antioxidative system, which prevented lipid peroxidation even at the highest B concentrations. Thus, P. distans has an efficient root B-exclusion capability and, in addition, B tolerance in shoots is achieved by a well-regulated antioxidant defense system.
Economic Shock and Migration
Authors: Curran Sara R. , Meijer-Irons Jacqueline , Garip Filiz
Published: June 2016

Classic migration theory predicts that individual and household migration decisions are partially responsive to economic pushes from origin communities and pulls from destinations. Recent theorizing argues that this basic relationship is fundamentally influenced by the experiences accumulated within migrant streams, connecting potential migrants with future migrants between origin and destination. Drawing upon a 16-year study of migrant departures and returns from 22 villages in northeastern Thailand, we extend current knowledge about these fundamental relationships before, during, and after Thailand's economic crisis of 1997. We answer the following questions: How are migrant departures from the origin affected by the crisis, how are migrant returns to origin communities affected by the crisis, and how do migrants’ accumulated experiences connecting origin and destination moderate these relationships? We examine effects separately for men and women since village and destination economies are sufficiently sex differentiated. We find that migrant selectivity partially explains year effects: that is, earlier periods are more highly selective. Migrant cumulative experiences facilitate migration throughout the time period and modestly influence the migration decisions during economic downturns, but these effects are far more important for women than for men. For return migration, year effects emerge only for the post 1997–98 period and only after controlling for migrant social capital and occupational sector. Origin-based migrant social capital slightly, but significantly, reduces the odds of return migration throughout the period of observation. However, migrant social capital does amplify the likelihood of return migration after the Asian Financial Crisis. Construction workers are the most likely to return to their origin villages after the Asian Financial Crisis, while manufacturing, service, and agricultural workers show little change in behavior.
A Massive Loss of Habitat
Authors: Sassen Saskia
Published: June 2016

The paper examines three emergent migration flows, each with specific features that can be described as extreme. The effort organizing the paper is to understand conditions at places of origin that lead people to risk their lives in dangerous trips to escape those places of origin. As is by now known, these migrants are not the poorest of the poor in their places of origins. The rapid surge in these flows combined with the conditions they leave behind raise a question that organizes much of the analysis: Are the categories we use to understand and describe migrations—that is, the notion of people in search of a better life, who leave behind a family and home that they want to support from afar and possibly return to–enough to capture the specificity of these emergent flows. My answer is: not quite. One big difference from the past is that part of the story is a massive loss of habitat due to a variety of extreme patterns, from massive land-grabs to poisoning of land and water due to mining. The paper examines how the development models implemented over the last 30 and more years have enabled some of these negative conditions. Further, another major factor reducing the habitat of these migrants is a proliferation of asymmetric wars. Both sets of factors reduce the habitat for more people. One outcome of this combination of elements is these new migrations.
Arabidopsis MAKR5 is a positive effector of BAM3‐dependent CLE45 signaling
Authors: Kang Yeon Hee , Hardtke Christian S
Published: June 2016

Receptor kinases convey diverse environmental and developmental inputs by sensing extracellular ligands. In plants, one group of receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) is characterized by extracellular leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domains, which interact with various ligands that include the plant hormone brassinosteroid and peptides of the CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) type. For instance, the CLE45 peptide requires the LRR‐RLK BARELY ANY MERISTEM 3 (BAM3) to prevent protophloem formation in Arabidopsis root meristems. Here, we show that other proposed CLE45 receptors, the two redundantly acting LRR‐RLKs STERILITY‐REGULATING KINASE MEMBER 1 (SKM1) and SKM2 (which perceive CLE45 in the context of pollen tube elongation), cannot substitute for BAM3 in the root. Moreover, we identify MEMBRANE‐ASSOCIATED KINASE REGULATOR 5 (MAKR5) as a post‐transcriptionally regulated amplifier of the CLE45 signal that acts downstream of BAM3. MAKR5 belongs to a small protein family whose prototypical member, BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR 1, is an essentially negative regulator of brassinosteroid signaling. By contrast, MAKR5 is a positive effector of CLE45 signaling, revealing an unexpected diversity in the conceptual roles of MAKR genes in different signaling pathways.
EL SABER EDUCATIVO, CAMPO DE CONOCIMIENTO CIENTÍFICO
Authors: Argüello Parra Jaime Andrés
Published: June 2016

Frente al clásico paradigma del positivismo lógico en la investigación científica,la educación y la pedagogía deben re-ubicar la comprensión asignada a losesquemas descriptivos, explicativos e interpretativos de sus universos de conocimiento.El objetivo debe ser brindar un nuevo estatuto epistemológico atales saberes particulares, acorde al desarrollo de las ciencias en el nuevosiglo. Una experiencia de convergencia conceptual entre áreas de formaciónpara educación básica ilumina estas consideraciones abordadas en el tonointegrador de –las llamadas por Dilthey– “ciencias de la naturaleza-ciencias delespíritu”.
Imaginación y educación
Authors: Palacio Manuel
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo retoma los resultados obtenidos con la investigacióntitulada Fundamentación de la articulación del proceso imaginativo en lavida y la importancia de su educación ilustrada mediante una didácticaen filosofía moderna. Las ideas que comparto están alimentadas con laexperiencia docente que he acumulado, aunque, en su mayoría, emulan,parafrasean y repiten apartados del tercer capítulo de la tesis, “La educaciónen la posibilidad”. De esta manera, el lector que pase por estas líneasencontrará mayores desarrollos en la publicación mencionada.
El etnocentrismo de Richard Rorty: Influencia en the Law of Peoples de John Rawls
Authors: Farfán Moreno William
Published: June 2016

En el presente texto se analizará el problema del etnocentrismo solidarioque sustenta Richard Rorty y cómo, a partir de esta idea, se puede hacertambién un análisis de The Law of Peoples de John Rawls, abordando loque clásicamente se ha definido como etnocentrismo y tomando comopunto de referencia el análisis que Bhikhu Parekh hace del monismomoral y del pluralismo. También se revisará el debate que sostiene Rortycon Clifford Geertz acerca del etnocentrismo. Por último, se repasarála defensa de Rorty al liberalismo político de Rawls, quien consideraque éste es un buen ejemplo de su propia propuesta filosófico-políticaetnocéntrica.
Enzymatic Pretreatment during 15th to 18th Century Papermaking in Europe
Authors: Barrett Timothy
Published: June 2016

Enzymatic pretreatment of cellulose is generally considered to be a new area of research, but in fact it was a standard step in European pre-industrial papermaking between 1300 and 1800. Specialized handmade papers are routinely prepared in our Center for use in the care and conservation of rare books and manuscripts. Our attempts to replicate some of the early papers have led us to an investigation of retting (or fermentation) of hemp and cotton fiber as a pre-beating step. Results of twenty-two production runs show that increased fermentation time gives increased Canadian Standard Freeness and improved formation quality while permitting a decrease in beating time.
Bacterial Cellulose: A Sustainable Source to Develop Value-Added Products – A Review
Authors: Gallegos Alejandra Margarita Arévalo , Herrera Carrera Sonia , Parra Roberto , Keshavarz Tajalli , Iqbal Hafiz M. N.
Published: June 2016

In recent decades, worldwide economic and environmental issues have prompted research scientists to re-direct their interests to bio-based resources, which are sustainable in nature. In this context, microbial polysaccharides, such as bacterial cellulose (BC), also known as microbial cellulose (MC), are some of the upcoming and emergent resources and have potential application in various bio- and non-bio-based sectors of the modern world. Many researchers have already established novel BC/MC production methods, and many new studies have been published on lab-scale and large-scale production aspects of BC/MC to date. To further expand the novel use of this sustainable source, significant progress toward the development of BC/MC has appeared in recent years. Specifically, there have been many publications and/or research reports on the valorization of BC/MC in the food, paper, materials, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries, among others. This review will address the novel application aspects of BC/MC today, with the aim of demonstrating the importance of this sustainable and novel source in the development of value-added products.
La proton pseudos histérica y la verdad del síntoma
Authors: De Castro Korgi Sylvia
Published: June 2016

Este artículo se ocupa de mostrar de qué manera Freud deconstruye la suposición de la simulación del síntoma histérico, suposición que plantea el problema de la verdad, bajo las especies de la mentira y del engaño. De la simulación a la proton pseudos, el análisis freudiano permite concluir que la construcción mentirosa confronta a la histérica con la verdad del encuentro con el goce que el síntoma memoriza y del que ella —la histérica— no sabe. La proton pseudos es el nombre freudiano para la verdad como “develamiento” de lo no sabido, un develamiento que se atiene a la lógica del inconsciente.
La verdad servida en la mesa
Authors: Rincón Oñate Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2016

Mucho se habla sobre la verdad, la justicia, la reparación y la no repetición como imperativos progresivos que rigen las conversaciones en el actual proceso de paz colombiano, que tiene como lugar protagónico la mesa de negociación que se está llevando a cabo en la Habana, alrededor de la cual confluyen el Gobierno Colombiano y el grupo insurgente FARC-EP. Esta dinámica de la palabra en constante tensión sugiere una necesaria reflexión sobre la verdad de quien negocia y, particularmente, sobre el futuro excombatiente y su apuesta subjetiva, un lugar que llama a la pregunta por un lazo social que evidencia y contrapone al amo, al esclavo y al subversivo, este último, sinónimo de la búsqueda de la libertad, la igualdad y la fraternidad, tres imperativos revolucionarios que han guiado los movimientos emancipatorios.
Acontecimiento y verdad: la verdad por-venir como verdad a dar
Authors: Dipaola Esteban , Lutereau Luciano
Published: June 2016

Este artículo indaga de manera teórica sobre el concepto de la verdad y la relación que esta tiene de acuerdo con tres ejes sustantivos: primero, una lógica de la palabra verdadera; segundo, la lógica del acontecimiento verdadero; y, finalmente, la lógica de dar la verdad. Así, se cuestiona la categoría de verdad como fundamento para inscribir el carácter inmanente, inapropiable e inaprehensible de toda verdad. Desde el comienzo se analiza la verdad como representación del movimiento hacia el acontecimiento y se presenta una verdad como lo que está por llegar. De tal modo que los nombres de Lacan y de Badiou se vuelven guías para el paso definitivo a esa verdad que es solo ilimitada y que, entonces, deviene sobre lo que Derrida postuló como el don ilimitado e imposible.
Consideraciones sobre la verdad. Heidegger y Lacan, un encuentro imposible en los tiempos de la Alethosfera
Authors: Suzunaga Quintana Juan Carlos
Published: June 2016

Si se trata de un encuentro, este es posible en el campo del tratamiento de lo real, allí donde tanto Lacan como Heidegger introducen un límite al campo abierto por Descartes, sostenido en la lógica de la consciencia y la razón y, de una manera mucho más radical, en la lógica del objeto, por parte de la ciencia y la técnica moderna. Tanto las elaboraciones de Heidegger a propósito del olvido del ser en la modernidad, como las de Lacan en relación con la forclusión del sujeto por parte de la ciencia, se orientan a introducir, mediante lo singular, una hendidura en la noción de verdad de la época. El artículo tratará, a manera de introducción, las elaboraciones sobre la verdad en Heidegger y en Lacan, de cara a la consumación del ideario cartesiano.
¿Existen adjetivos en tikuna? (Amazonas colombiano)
Authors: Montes Rodríguez María Emilia
Published: June 2016

Nombre y verbo son rótulos de clases de palabras que se pueden plantear de manera válida para la lengua tikuna, aunque deban señalarse los rasgos particulares de los nombres ligados. También hay que considerar que algunos morfemas gramaticales (como los verbos) pueden recibir argumentos para conformar predicados. Los adjetivos no existen como clase independiente, pues las nociones adjetivales son expresadas a través de verbos intransitivos. Bajo ciertas condiciones, esos radicales verbales pueden formar palabras que cumplen funciones típicas de los adjetivos. Presentamos aquí una caracterización del problema del adjetivo en tikuna, junto con algunos temas de tipología y con análisis selectos de otros autores que han trabajado sobre el mismo tema en lenguas de Colombia. El marco general está en los criterios morfosintácticos (y semánticos) que guían el establecimiento de clases léxicas.
La estimulación de los diferentes tipos de pensamiento creativo en niños entre los 8 y los 11 años, a través de la escritura de mitos sobre el origen del universo
Authors: Puertas Céspedes Silvia Angélica
Published: June 2016

Esta investigación estudió si se producía una estimulación de todos los tipos de pensamiento creativo en niños entre los 8 y los 11 años, a través de la escritura de mitos sobre el origen del universo. Para tal fin, se aplicó a los participantes, como pretest, la Evaluación Multifactorial de la Creatividad (Sánchez, 2006). Posteriormente, se realizó un taller de escritura de mitos para potencializar el pensamiento creativo y, al finalizarlo, se aplicó como postest el mismo instrumento del pretest, con el fin de cuantificar el aumento en la creatividad. Se observó un aumento del 11.3% en el desempeño de los individuos en el postest con respecto al pretest. Los niños, el grado quinto y los participantes de 9 años fueron quienes incrementaron principalmente la creatividad. Se recomienda una investigación futura sobre herramientas literarias para la estimulación del pensamiento creativo, alternativas a las que comúnmente se usan en el área educativa.
El texto sintomatológico–elementos para una lectura del ‘paradigma indicial’
Authors: Rivera Bernal Fernando Alfredo
Published: June 2016

Este artículo explora las características de la interpretación ‘indicial’, o análisis de particularidades, a partir de la contraposición entre lo individual y el detalle con las cualidades generalizantes propias de los recursos analíticos implícitos en las categorías de mentalidades, cosmovisiones y representaciones colectivas. Para identificar sus rasgos y potencialidades, se revisa la perspectiva ‘morfológica’ y ‘microscópica’ desarrollada por Carlo Ginzburg, así como los enfoques iconológicos e iconográficos de Aby Warburg y Erwin Panofsky, cuya óptica permite una interpretación ‘diagnóstica’ de indicios, huellas y marcas, dibujando así los perfiles de la ‘sintomatología cultural’. Igualmente, se conecta la metodología indicial de Morelli con los tópicos del psicoanálisis freudiano y, particularmente, con los procesos deductivos aplicados por Sherlock Holmes. A partir de esta conjunción, se afiligrana el núcleo de su particularidad: la ‘abducción’, formulada por Charles Sanders Peirce, recurso que se propone como sagital en la ‘lectura’ de la morfología de los síntomas culturales.
Causas de muerte por cáncer de mama en Colombia
Authors: González Mariño Mario Arturo
Published: June 2016

Objetivo Revisar las causas directas de muerte por cáncer de mama en Colombia según datos de los certificados de defunción en el año 2008.Material y Métodos Se revisaron las causas directas de muerte en pacientes cuyo código de causa básica de defunción fue el de tumor maligno de la mama según el   registro de defunciones del Departamento Nacional de Estadística de Colombia (DANE) en el año 2008. Se evalúa su distribución por código de diagnóstico de la causa directa de muerte, grupos de edad, nivel educativo, estado civil, seguridad social y sitio de defunción.Resultados Las principales causas directas de muerte en mujeres fueron insuficiencia o falla respiratoria, paro cardiorespiratorio, falla orgánica múltiple o multisistémica, cáncer de seno y cáncer de mama metastásico. La mayoría de las muertes tuvieron el código C509 y se presentaron en mayores de 50 años. En hombres la causa más frecuente fue la falla respiratoria. Conclusiones Las principales denominaciones anotadas en los registros de defunción como causa directa de muerte por cáncer de mama fueron insuficiencia, paro respiratorio y paro cardiorespiratorio. Sin embargo, se evidencia que esto surge por problemas en el registro al no ceñirse a la Clasificación internacional de enfermedades (CIE-10). Se requiere mejorar la calidad de los registros de defunción para aprovechar la información que aporta este documento.
Efectos de la actividad física en la morfología de mujeres
Authors: Aedeiros do Nascimento Marcos A. Antonio , Valdivia-Moral Pedro , Fernandes Filho José , Policarpo Barbosa Fernando
Published: June 2016

Objetivo Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de actividad física en la morfología de las mujeres inscritas en el programa de salud familiar de la ciudad de Patos, Paraíba – Brasil. Durante estas semanas se aplicaron diferentes programas de actividad física.Métodos Investigación cuasi experimental, en la cual fueron analizadas 28 mujeres, voluntarias, con edades entre 42 y 56 años, divididas en los grupos: G1 (n=15, actividades lúdicas) y G2 (n=13, actividad de danza). Para el análisis de datos se empleó la prueba t student para muestras independientes con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05.Resultados La comparación de las variables de la composición corporal no mostró diferencia entre los grupos. Sin embargo, cuando se comparan los momentos pre y post, se observa que los dos programas de actividad física distintos producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres.Conclusión Los resultados obtenidos indican que los programas de actividad física aplicados producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Por otro lado, se considera que podría ser buena la comparación de un programa de ejercicio físico y de actividades físicas lúdicas y sus efectos en la morfología de mujeres.
Compartir y desconfiar: mirada de los venteros acerca de los niños en situación de calle
Authors: Sánchez-Suárez Diana , Giraldo-Puerta Alexandra , Giraldo-Pineda Álvaro , Forero-Pulido Constanza
Published: June 2016

Objetivo Comprender los significados mediante la descripción de las experiencias que tienen para los venteros ambulantes, las interacciones con los niños en situación de calle del centro de Medellín, 2013.Metodología Investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaron observaciones en la zona en diferentes momentos del día, se aplicaron doce entrevistas a los venteros ambulantes en su lugar de trabajo y se llevó registro en el diario de campo.Resultados Los venteros ambulantes y los niños en situación de calle comparten el mismo espacio, ambos buscan sobrevivir y su relación esta mediada por la confianza - desconfianza. La convivencia genera sentimientos ambivalentes. Para los venteros los niños en situación de calle son el resultado del abandono de la familia, el Estado y la sociedad y viven un mundo duro donde se exponen a una serie de riesgos que deben enfrentar.Conclusión La interacción entre los venteros ambulantes y los niños en situación de calle es adecuada en la medida que se evitan conflictos, estableciendo normas de convivencia. El elemento que determina esta interacción es la confianza - desconfianza. En la confianza se generan fuertes lazos afectivos, considerándose como una familia; la desconfianza genera prevención.
Prevalência da síndrome metabólica nos estágios pubertários de escolares do sexo feminino
Authors: Silva João Batista , Melo Elza Maria Fernandes Seabra , Micussi Maria Thereza Albuquerque Barbosa Cabral , Azevedo George Dantas , Lemos Telma Maria Araújo Moura , Spyrides Maria Helena Constantino , Arrais Ricardo Fernando , Maranhão Técia Maria Oliveira
Published: June 2016

Objetivo Analisar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) nos estágios pubertários de escolares do sexo feminino.Métodos Estudo transversal com 449 escolares, entre oito e 18 anos, estratificadas nos estágios pubertário, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e percentual de gordura (%G). A SM foi classificada pela International Diabetes Federation. A análise feita pela distribuição de frequências, intervalos de confiança (95 %), Qui-quadrado e razão de chance para associações.Resultados A prevalência de SM foi 3,3 % (IC:2 %-5 %), sendo 2,5 % (IC:0,1 %-5%) no púbere e 7,9 % (IC:3,2 %-12,6 %) no pós-púberes, com associação significante destes com a SM (X2=5,2 [p<0,02]). A razão de chance aponta meninas pós-púberes (3,3 [IC:1,2-5]) e obesas (2,1 [CI:2-2,2]) mais propensas à SM, indicando associação linear significante do IMC com o desfecho (X2=29,4 [p<0,001]). Púberes menos de 10 anos com SM apresentaram maiores %G. Os componentes prevalentes foram: circunferência da cintura alterada (27,2 % [IC23 %-31 %]) e colesterol HDL baixo (39,6 % [IC35 %-44 %]) e prevalência da hipertensão sistêmica nas pós-púberes.Conclusões A SM inicia-se no estágio púbere, com prevalência no pós-púbere, sendo o excesso de gordura o desencadeador nas menores de 10 anos. Estratégias de prevenção são necessárias à população de crianças e adolescentes.