bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dusty streamer infalling onto the disk of a class I protostar
Authors: Cacciapuoti L. , Macias E. , Gupta A. , Testi L. , Miotello A. , Espaillat C. , Küffmeier M. , van Terwisga S. , Tobin J. , Grant S. , Manara C. F. , Segura-Cox D. , Wendeborn J. , Klessen R. S. , Maury A. J. , Lebreuilly U. , Hennebelle P. , Molinari S.
Published: November 2023

Context. Observations of interstellar material infalling onto star- and planet-forming systems have become increasingly common thanks to recent advancements in radio interferometry. These structures have the potential to alter the dynamics of protoplanetary disks significantly by triggering the formation of substructures, inducing shocks, and modifying their physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the protoplanetary disks are replenished with new material, which increases the overall mass budget for planet formation.

Aims. In this study, we combine new ALMA band 3 and archival band 6 observations to characterize the dust content and infall rate of a 4000 au arc-like structure that is infalling onto [MGM2012] 512 (hereafter M512), a class I young stellar object located in the Lynds 1641 region of the Orion A molecular cloud.

Methods. We detected the extended dust emission from this structure in both ALMA bands. We tested whether the velocity pattern of the streamer is consistent with infalling trajectories by means of analytical streamline models. We measured spectral index maps for the first time and derived a dust opacity-index profile along a streamer. We constrained its grain properties and mass.

Results. We find that the arc structure is consistent with infalling motions. We measure a spectral index α ~ 3.2 across the entire structure and a dust opacity index β ~ 1.6. Considering grain properties consistent with the measured β, the structure can host up to 245 M⊕ of dust, which exceeds or is comparable to the mass of the inner unresolved 600 au, which contains the protoplanetary disk of M512. Assuming a typical dust-to-gas ratio of 1% for the streamer, the free-fall timescales (50 kyr) imply total mass-infall rates up to 1.5 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1. M512 has been classified as an outbursting source with multi-epoch WISE photometry. It is thus an interesting case study for exploring the possible connection between infalling streamers and accretion outbursts.

Conclusions. M512 is a unique source for which dust continuum emission of an arc-like streamer extending out to 4000 au can be characterized in a dual-band analysis. The dust properties are similar to those in the interstellar medium and imply a high dust mass. A massive streamer like this can affect the evolution of the star- and planet-forming inner system strongly.
Cellulose-based Material for Sound Absorption And Its Application – A Short Review
Authors: Muchlisinalahuddin  , Dahlan Hendery , Mahardika Melbi , Rusli Meifal
Published: November 2023

Cellulose is a natural fiber potentially used as a sound absorber material due to its excellent properties, biodegradability, and lower environmental impact than synthetic materials and can be sourced from various plant-based materials, such as wood, Cotton, and Hemp. Which effectively traps and absorbs sound waves. The fibers dissipate the energy of sound waves as they pass through the material and absorb sound energy across a wide range of frequencies. Cellulose can be installed as loose-fill insulation, rigid panel form, composite with other matrix material, or foam. It's important to note that the specific characteristics and performance of cellulose-based sound absorbers can vary depending on the manufacturing process, fiber treatment, and the overall design of the sound-absorbing material. The size of cellulose fibers used in sound absorption can impact their effectiveness. Microfiber and nanofiber cellulose show different sound absorption characteristics. Microfiber has a good absorption coefficient at lower frequencies, and nanofiber cellulose performs better at higher frequency ranges. This paper involves a shortreview study of experimental methods and parameters used to regulate cellulose's sound absorption performance, which seems to be a potential alternative as an acoustic absorber, thereby reducing sustainability concerns related to synthetic materials in acoustics applications.
Quantum coherence and entanglement of the system of a five-level atom in the presence of nonlinear fields
Authors: Algarni Mariam , Berrada Kamal , Abdel-Khalek Sayed , Bogolyubov N. N.
Published: November 2023

We investigate the atom-field system in the framework of harmonic oscillators based on deformed Heisenberg algebras. We explore the dynamic characteristics of the considered system under the effect of a nonlinear field. In particular, we consider the atomic population, atomic coherence, and atom-field entanglement for a system that comprises a single five-level atom interacting with a single-mode nonlinear field when the deformation effect is taken into account. We examine the time evolution of the quantum quantifiers in the presence of deformation when the initial state of the quantized field is defined to be a nonlinear coherent state (CS) or a superposition state.
A waste reduction strategy through autonomation under a closed-loop supply chain management
Authors: Sarkar Biswajit , Ghosh Santanu Kumar , Mishra Mowmita
Published: November 2023

Currently, apart from manufacturing processes, the remanufacturing of products is considerably important. Appropriate remanufacturing requires the operation of long-run manufacturing systems. However, in long-run processes, the production system may convert to an out-of-control state due to machine breakdowns. Then, defective products are frequently produced; this increases wastage and disrupts environmental sustainability. In this model, a smart autonomation policy is deliberated for an error-free inspection in separating defective products during production. The autonomation policy facilitates waste reduction through remanufacturing. This paper concentrates on customer awareness and service-dependent demand, which directly improves the overall profitability of the system. A discrete investment to reduce setup cost, continuous investment to collect used goods, and cap-and-trade strategy to limit carbon emission are considered to obtain a more realistic model. Classical optimization method is applied for global maximum profit test of the profit function with respect to cycle length, customer awareness, service investment, discrete investment to reduce setup cost, number of shipments, and container capacities. Numerical testing, sensitivity to total profit in different cost parameters, and comparisons with previous research are explained. Some special scenarios including graphical representations are discussed to prove that a large investment is more beneficial than the cost of specific setup and collection.
Rauchen, Autonomie und Selbstfürsorge
Authors: Köllner Volker
Published: November 2023

Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer psychischen oder psychosomatischen Erkrankung haben im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung eine um bis zu 25 Jahre reduzierte Lebenserwartung, hauptsächlich aufgrund überproportionaler Morbidität chronischer tabakassoziierter Erkrankungen. Aufgrund dieser alarmierenden Befunde widmet die aktuelle S3-Leitlinie zu Rauchen und Tabakabhängigkeit dieser Patientengruppe ein eigenes Kapitel mit praktischen Empfehlungen. In diesem Beitrag soll dargestellt werden, wie Patientinnen und Patienten in der Psychotherapie auf ihrem Weg zu Nikotinfreiheit und mehr Selbstfürsorge unterstützt werden können.
A physics-based predictive model for pulse design to realize high-performance memristive neural networks
Authors: Deng Haoyue , Fan Zhen , Dong Shuai , Chen Zhiwei , Li Wenjie , Chen Yihong , Liu Kun , Tao Ruiqiang , Tian Guo , Chen Deyang , Qin Minghui , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: November 2023

Memristive neural networks have extensively been investigated for their capability in handling various artificial intelligence tasks. The training performance of memristive neural networks depends on the pulse scheme applied to the constituent memristors. However, the design of the pulse scheme in most previous studies was approached in an empirical manner or through a trial-and-error method. Here, we choose ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) as a model memristor and demonstrate a physics-based predictive model for the pulse design to achieve high training performance. This predictive model comprises a physical model for FTJ that can adequately describe the polarization switching and memristive switching behaviors of the FTJ and an FTJ-based neural network that uses the long-term potentiation (LTP)/long-term depression (LTD) characteristics of the FTJ for the weight update. Simulation results based on the predictive model demonstrate that the LTP/LTD characteristics with a good trade-off between ON/OFF ratio, nonlinearity, and asymmetry can lead to high training accuracies for the FTJ-based neural network. Moreover, it is revealed that an amplitude-increasing pulse scheme may be the most favorable pulse scheme as it offers the widest ranges of pulse amplitudes and widths for achieving high accuracies. This study may provide useful guidance for the pulse design in the experimental development of high-performance memristive neural networks.
Corrigendum to: Phenotypic variation in residual feed intake and relationship with body composition traits and methane emissions in growing wether lambs
Authors: Bond J. J. , Hudson N. J. , Khan U. H. , Dougherty H. C. , Pickford Z. , Mackenzie S. , Barzegar S. , Santos G. A. , Woodgate S. , Vercoe P. , Oddy V. H.
Published: November 2023

 Context Ruminant livestock industries are seeking to improve efficiency of feed use and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

 Aims The research aimed to measure variation in feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) in growing lambs and examine the inter-relationships of related traits and diet effects.

 Methods In Phase 1, 6-month-old Merino wethers (n=113) were fed a base diet ad libitum for 60days to measure dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight (LWT) and average daily gain (ADG). Whilst being fed the same base diet, measures of body composition (using computer tomography scanning) and methane emissions were collected. For Phase 2, lambs selected for low or high RFI in Phase 1 were randomly assigned to either a low or high diet and fed ad libitum for 30days. They were assessed for intake, growth, body composition and CH4 emissions.

 Key results In Phase 1 there was significant variation in DMI, which was explained by these traits in order of significance (R2 additive): LWT (R2=63.9%), ADG (R2=70.4%) and fat gain (R2=75.7%). In Phase 2, high RFI lambs had higher metabolisable energy intake (MEI; P<0.05) compared to low RFI lambs. In lambs fed the high diet, intake (DMI and MEI P<0.001), LWT (P<0.05), ADG (P<0.001), fat and lean gain (P<0.001) were higher than in lambs fed the low diet. Daily methane emissions were highest (P<0.05) in high RFI lambs fed the high diet. There were no significant effects of RFI or diet on methane yield (MY; g methane/kgDM). Differences in RFI or RFI adjusted for fat gain did not persist to the end of the 30day feeding period in Phase 2.

 Conclusions Lambs with low RFI had lower MEI for the same liveweight as well as lower fat and lean gain in the empty bodyweight. They also had lower daily methane emissions compared to those that had high RFI and ate more.

 Implications The opportunity to select sheep at a young age with lower RFI and lower MEI is of significant production and environmental importance.
Genitalic morphology and phylogenomic placement of the Australian spider Paraplectanoides crassipes Keyserling, 1886 (Araneae, Araneidae) with a discussion on the classification of the family Araneidae
Authors: Hormiga Gustavo , Kulkarni Siddharth , Arnedo Miquel , Dimitrov Dimitar , Giribet Gonzalo , Kallal Robert J. , Scharff Nikolaj
Published: November 2023

We complement and expand the existing descriptions of the Australian araneid spider Paraplectanoides crassipes Keyserling, 1886, and provide the first detailed analysis of the male palpal homologies to include examination of the expanded organ and scanning electron micrographs of the palpal sclerites. We study the placement of Paraplectanoides and the classification of the family Araneidae by combining ultraconserved elements with Sanger markers. We also added Sanger sequences of the Australian araneid genus Venomius to the molecular dataset of Scharff et al. (2020) to explore the phylogenetic placement and implications for classification of the family. We evaluate a recent proposal on the classification of the family Araneidae by Kuntner et al. (2023) in which a new family is erected for P. crassipes. Paraplectanoides is monotypic. Examination of the type material shows that Paraplectanoides kochi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 is misplaced in the genus and the name is a senior synonym of the araneid Isoxya penizoides Simon, 1887 (new synonymy) that results in the new combination Isoxya kochi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877). The classification of Araneidae is revised and the following nomenclatural acts are introduced: Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson and Bond, 2023 is a junior synonym of Araneidae Clerck, 1757 new synonymy; phonognathines and nephilines are subfamilies of Araneidae (Subfamily Phonognathinae Simon, 1894 rank resurrected; and Subfamily Nephilinae Simon, 1894 rank resurrected). The results of our analyses corroborate the sister group relationship between Paraplectanoides and the araneid subfamily Nephilinae. Venomius is sister to the Nephilinae + Paraplectanoides clade. The placement of the oarcine araneids and Venomius renders the family Araneidae non-monophyletic if this were to be circumscribed as in Kuntner et al. (2023). In light of the paucity of data that the latter study presents, and in absence of a robust, stable and more densely sampled phylogenetic analysis of Araneidae, the changes and definitions introduced by that classification are premature and could lead to a large number of new families for what once were araneid species if the maximum-crown-clade family definitions were to be used. Consequently, we argue for restoring the familial and subfamilial classification of Araneidae of Dimitrov et al. (2017), Scharff et al. (2020) and Kallal et al. (2020).
The USP7-STAT3-granzyme-Par-1 axis regulates allergic inflammation by promoting differentiation of IL-5-producing Th2 cells
Authors: Kumagai Jin , Kiuchi Masahiro , Kokubo Kota , Yagyu Hiroyuki , Nemoto Masahiro , Tsuji Kaori , Nagahata Ken , Sasaki Atsushi , Hishiya Takahisa , Onoue Miki , Shinmi Rie , Sonobe Yuri , Iinuma Tomohisa , Yonekura Syuji , Shinga Jun , Hanazawa Toyoyuki , Koseki Haruhiko , Nakayama Toshinori , Yokote Koutaro , Hirahara Kiyoshi
Published: November 2023

Uncontrolled type 2 immunity by type 2 helper T (Th2) cells causes intractable allergic diseases; however, whether the interaction of CD4
+
T cells shapes the pathophysiology of allergic diseases remains unclear. We identified a subset of Th2 cells that produced the serine proteases granzyme A and B early in differentiation. Granzymes cleave protease-activated receptor (Par)-1 and induce phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), resulting in the enhanced production of IL-5 and IL-13 in both mouse and human Th2 cells. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) regulates IL-4-induced phosphorylation of STAT3, resulting in granzyme production during Th2 cell differentiation. Genetic deletion of
Usp7
or
Gzma
and pharmacological blockade of granzyme B ameliorated allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, PAR-1
+
and granzyme
+
Th2 cells were colocalized in nasal polyps from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Thus, the USP7-STAT3-granzymes-Par-1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for intractable allergic diseases.
The perception of auditory motion in sighted and early blind individuals
Authors: Park Woon Ju , Fine Ione
Published: November 2023

Motion perception is a fundamental sensory task that plays a critical evolutionary role. In vision, motion processing is classically described using a motion energy model with spatiotemporally nonseparable filters suited for capturing the smooth continuous changes in spatial position over time afforded by moving objects. However, it is still not clear whether the filters underlying auditory motion discrimination are also continuous motion detectors or infer motion from comparing discrete sound locations over time (spatiotemporally separable). We used a psychophysical reverse correlation paradigm, where participants discriminated the direction of a motion signal in the presence of spatiotemporal noise, to determine whether the filters underlying auditory motion discrimination were spatiotemporally separable or nonseparable. We then examined whether these auditory motion filters were altered as a result of early blindness. We found that both sighted and early blind individuals have separable filters. However, early blind individuals show increased sensitivity to auditory motion, with reduced susceptibility to noise and filters that were more accurate in detecting motion onsets/offsets. Model simulations suggest that this reliance on separable filters is optimal given the limited spatial resolution of auditory input.
Behavioural evidence for implicative paradigmatic relations
Authors: Copot Maria , Bonami Olivier
Published: November 2023

Form predictability has long been known to influence speaker behaviour in language learning and use. However, this observation has largely remained dissociated from the question of the most apt theoretical framing of the effects observed. We set out to seek evidence that speakers’ relationship to form predictability is best characterised in paradigmatic terms: in an experimental task comparable to prediction of one word form from a related one, speakers appear sensitive to the probabilistic, implicative relations that make up a morphological paradigm. We find this effect to be omnidirectional, from any paradigm cell to any paradigm cell. Form predictability does not impact speaker behaviour in a vacuum, but instead works together with aspects of memory and learning to organise the mental lexicon and inform language use. In a corpus study, we map out the complex relationships that exist between paradigmatic form predictability, lexeme frequency and cell frequency in the context of naturalistic language use. Speakers appear to exploit all available probabilistic relationships between the word forms of a language in a way that is predicted by Word and Paradigm theories of morphology, with memory and predictive processing playing a mediating role in all aspects of language use.
Instagram is a ridiculous lie factory
Authors: Foley Jennifer , Hidalgo-Downing Laura
Published: November 2023

This article explores the way in which social media and its relation to mental health is metaphorically conceptualized in newspaper opinion discourse. We discuss the extent to which metaphoric expressions are used creatively and whether they convey positive or negative evaluations. For this purpose, a 10,000-word sample of opinion articles from two British newspapers was collected and analysed. The main research questions are: (1) How is social media conceptualized? (2) To what extent is social media conceptualized by means of creative expressions? (3) Are social media metaphors more likely to be evaluative or non-evaluative? If so, what is the predominant value? (4) How are mental health and well-being conceptualized? (5) Do authors identify positive or negative effects of social media on mental health and well-being? Results show that the main source domains used to conceptualize social media are person, drugs, place, object, war, journey and competition. Creative social media metaphors typically make use of the person, drugs and place source domains, and evaluative metaphors more frequently project a negative evaluation.
Variation of sign parameters in narrative and expository discourse
Authors: Cohen-Koka Shirit , Nir Bracha , Meir Irit
Published: November 2023

The paper presents an in-depth study of variation in sign parameters of Israeli Sign Language (ISL). We describe
and analyze specific sign parameters and their sub-parameters: handshape, orientation, place of articulation, and movement, as
they are distributed in two text-types: narrative and expository discourse. A group of 16 deaf native ISL signers produced 32
texts containing a total of 6,875 signs which were then analyzed from a bottom-up approach. A sub-set of 3,919 signs out of this
large database (excluding signs that are inherently variable) were found eligible for the detailed distributional analysis of
text-dependent variation in terms of their articulation structure, and were used for comparison between the narrative and
expository productions. Our findings show that narratives attract more variation in the sign parameters compared to expository
texts. The study thus highlights the impact of communicative context on the use of signs.
The directional antenna tracker for enhancing range communication between UAVs and Ground Control Station
Authors: Aizat I Muhammad , Hazry D , Azizi A Muhammad , Abadal-Salam T H , Hassan T M
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses the development of an antenna tracker project focused on evaluating a 2.4 GHz Yagi Uda directional antenna connected to an NRF24L01 transceiver. It employs a gear reduction system for precise yaw and pitch control using two servo motors. The tracker calculates rotation angles using the Haversine formula for coordinates and inverse tangent trigonometry for elevation. Experiments took place in an open area with a stationary Ground Control Station (GCS) and a moving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to assess performance. The experiments comprised three tests: first, GCS without the Yagi Uda antenna or tracker; second, GCS with the Yagi Uda antenna but without the tracker, positioned along a 30-degree angle away from the transmitter; and third, GCS with both the Yagi Uda antenna and the tracker. The UAV gradually moved away from the tracker in 5-meter intervals until data loss occurred. The test results are based on received coordinates, distance, temperature, humidity, and data loss. Among the three tests, Test 3 demonstrates the best outcome, where the Yagi Uda antenna successfully receives data up to 180 meters before experiencing data loss.
Enhancing UAV Safety: Accurate Distance Measurement with YOLOV8-based Measuring Application
Authors: Jack Lee L , Hazry D , Muhammad Azizi A , Abadal-Salam T H , Hassan T M
Published: November 2023

This article introduces a lightweight and efficient model for measuring applications, aimed at enhancing the current UAV monitoring system. The primary objective of this project is to develop a measuring application capable of determining and displaying the distance between the camera on the UAV and the facial model. The YOLOV8 framework is employed as a detection model to identify and interpret objects within the region of interest. Additionally, the algorithm incorporates the concept of focal length in lenses to calculate the distance between the facial expressions of a human face and the camera. To assess the algorithm’s accuracy, facial models were placed at various distances from the camera during testing. The predicted distance values obtained through the algorithm were then compared to the actual measured distances using a measuring tape. The results demonstrated a maximum tolerance of ±0.9 cm, indicating the algorithm’s reliable performance in predicting distance measurements.
Assessment of QRS and Q-T segments efficacy as non-invasive biomarkers for sudden cardiac death forecasting
Authors: Alfarhan K A , Zakaria A , Kamarudin L M , Mamduh S M , Yousif H A , Sabry M M
Published: November 2023

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a critical event occurring within an hour of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA often arises from disruptions in cardiac electrical signals, leading to fatality by hindering blood circulation. SCD, a significant contributor to cardiovascular-related deaths, impacts millions people globally. Most studies in the literature focus on heart rate variability (HRV) as a biomarker for predicting SCD while marginalizing other ECG morphological features. This study strives to assess and compare the QRS and Q-T efficacy as non-invasive biomarkers to predict SCD. The study aims to examine the QRS and Q-T segments of the ECG signal as potential biomarkers for predicting SCD effectively. The process involves selecting ECG segments from international databases, followed by preprocessing, delineation, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and median frequency (MDF) feature extraction. Machine learning classifiers, namely support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), are employed to classify SCD and normal sinus rhythm (NSR) classes based on the extracted features. The results underscore the superiority of the Q-T segment, with SVM achieving the best classification performance (accuracy = 83.88%, sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 77.77%). This suggests that the Q-T segment holds the potential to predict SCD better than the QRS segment.
Initial Study of Radio Tomographic Imaging for Human localization by using Simulation Model
Authors: Abdullah M. S. M. , Rahiman M. H. F. , Khalid N. S. , Nasir A. S. A.
Published: November 2023

This paper explains the details of modelling the simulation works designin setup for the RTI system. Th simulation modelling using software is focused on the interaction of electromagnetic behaviour in a dielectric medium of human inside a monitoring area. The modelling works have involved the criteria of the human, frequency and number of sensor nodes, dielectric properties of the human and last but not least, the configurations of the Radio tomography imaging (RTI) system. The model is then developed in the software to observe and investigate the result.
Indoor Automated Fire Extinguisher System using Computer Vision
Authors: Rosle Muhammad Hisyam , Chia Khoo Yan , Nasir Abdul
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the development of an automated fire extinguisher robot by employing fire recognition using computer vision. This project aims to develop a robot that can search, detect and extinguish small flames for indoor purposes. The robot is developed by applying open-source image processing to recognize the presence of fire. A control program was built to control the movement of the robot’s servo motor. The performance of the fire recognition was analysed in different light intensities and angles. The development of this project makes use of a camera and computer vision in place of various sensors, such as gas sensors, temperature sensors, and infrared sensors, to detect fires. Furthermore, a microprocessor is employed to operate the water pump and servo motor, which drive the nozzle to the position specified by the microcontroller. The results reveal that the proposed vision-based fire detection system has a high classification accuracy correspond to fire recognition.
Multi-detector simultaneous sampling design in the spot-scanning defects detection system
Authors: Zhou Z. , Qu D. , Ding R. , Luo H. , Xiong W. , Ru Y. , Jin W. , Li Z. , Hong J.
Published: November 2023

With the decreases in semiconductor critical dimension and
increases in circuit intricacy, the impact of wafer defects on the
yield and manufacturing cost of integrated circuits is becoming
increasingly significant. In this paper, a multimodal spot-scanning
defect detection system designed for unpatterned wafer surfaces is
introduced. The defect detection system's mechanics, electronics,
and software are introduced, focusing on presenting a multi-detector
simultaneous sampling design. The signal sampling is based on the
position triggering of the rotary stage encoder. The focused
illumination spot is scanned in a helical trajectory relative to the
wafer in coordination with the motion of the linear stage and rotary
stage. The signal detection is carried out synchronously, and the
signal sampling is triggered by rotary stage encoder position pulses
to achieve equally spaced sampling. The detector signals are
trans-impedance amplified and transmitted differentially to transfer
the analogue signals from the optical head to the main control
board. Under FPGA control, the main control board completes the
simultaneous sampling and signal processing through nine
high-precision 16-bit SAR(successive-approximation-register)
ADCs(analogue-to-digital converter) under the trigger signal. The
defect detection system is designed with a pixel resolution of
4 × 4 μm, requiring a sampling position error of less
than 1 pixel and an inter-channel position deviation of less than
0.1 pixel. The rotary stage prototype has a design speed of
120 rpm, and the positioning accuracy of the encoder is
±8 arcsec. Therefore, the maximum sampling position error is
1.94 μm for a 4-inch wafer sample. The maximum phase
deviation between the nine channels is 32.5 ns, and the maximum
position deviation is 20.4 nm.
The annealing setup and associated monitoring system of the ELIADE HPGe clover detectors at ELI-NP
Authors: Dhal A. , Testov D. , Ramirez F. , Aogaki S. , Turturică G. , Suliman G. , Petcu C. , Tatulea B. , Ur C.A. , Balabanski D.L.
Published: November 2023

We report a dedicated setup built in-house for the annealing
of the HPGe clover detectors of the ELI-NP Array of DEtectors
(ELIADE) γ-ray spectrometer, as well as the post-annealing
testing of these detectors with the standard 60Co & 152Eu
radioactive calibration sources employing conventional analog
electronics. Both the design and assembly of the annealing setup
were performed at the Extreme Light Infrastructure — Nuclear
Physics (ELI-NP) facility, Măgurele, Romania. A `radiation
damage annealing assembly kit' (NRK-200 unit) from the detector
manufacturer Canberra is utilized in heating and controlling the
temperature of the Ge crystals of the annealed detector. The vacuum
inside the detector was maintained throughout the annealing process
by constantly pumping the system using a turbo-molecular pumping
station. The temperature of the germanium crystals, located inside a
vacuum sealed chamber, of the detector and the vacuum level of this
chamber were monitored throughout the annealing process, via both
in-person observation and remote (online) monitoring. The Graphic
User Interface (GUI) of an underlying LabVIEW script was utilized
for running the monitoring process of the temperature and vacuum
pressure values via a local network. To have the option of real-time
online monitoring of the temperature, vacuum pressure, we coupled
the web application Grafana with the Influx DB of the annealing
data, as well as the backup time information of an Uninterruptible
Power Supply (UPS) unit used in system.
Torsional Effects on Wind Turbine Blades and Impact on Field Damages
Authors: Jensen F. M. , Arconada J. O. , Werk M. , Berggreen C. , Sørensen J. D. , Zhong G. , Haans W.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of torsional loads when understanding the significant increase in structural damages on large wind turbine blades. By comparing the stress state of two blades of different length, it is shown that torsional loads grow with an exponent of four (4). Thereby, a function of the length of the blades leading to a new range of challenges that are not met by the current process for design, testing and certification.

The paper presents the study of these new challenges in detail, based upon:

- An experimental perspective, with results from large-scale cyclic loading tests on two blade cut-outs conducted under controlled laboratory conditions in. Both blades were tested to failure.

- A numerical perspective, non-linear geometrical 3D FEM simulations has been performed to study the impact of torsional loads on relevant current structural failure modes on large wind turbine blades.

The conclusion is that the larger torsional loads may explain shear-web disbond, as well as sandwich skin debonding in both the transition zone and in the max chord area of wind turbine blades. In view of the findings, the paper includes proposals for remedies that are expected to mitigate some of the significant failures currently seen in the field.
A strategic approach to wind turbine blade recycling: Using life cycle assessment to enable data driven decision making
Authors: Pender Kyle , Romoli Filippo , Fuller Jonathan
Published: November 2023

The persistent lack of circular, scalable, and low-impact solutions for decommissioned wind blades remains a challenge for the wind energy sector. With a saturation of proposed technologies, the sector needs to focus efforts on pulling through technologies both for the immediate and longer-term wind blade waste streams. In this work, models for high-profile EoL scenarios have been developed and, using lifecycle assessment, applied to representative onshore and offshore wind blade designs. In their current iterations, not all composite recycling approaches are environmentally beneficial when considering global warming potential (GWP). This is the case particularly for blades consisting of only glass fibre reinforcement, where only cement kiln and mechanical recycling scenarios resulted in GWP lower than landfilling. The introduction of carbon fibre reinforcement leads to reductions in GWP for almost all end-of-life scenarios, the most significant of which coming in the chemical and thermal scenarios. This indicates that to minimise carbon footprint a combination of approaches is required. These findings have been coupled with material circularity indicators and show that, while recycling can be beneficial, it is only one piece of the puzzle. Methods for integrating restorative materials into wind turbine blade designs, as well as finding circular solutions to reduce waste associated with current blade manufacturing practices, are also critical areas of research needed to mitigate the impact of future blade production.
Complex damage mechanisms and roughness evolution of wind turbine blade surface: Multiphysics and stochastic effect modelling
Authors: Mishnaevsky L. , Kuthe N. , Tempelis A. , Mahajan P.
Published: November 2023

Leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades is the most often observed damage mechanism of wind turbines. The surface erosion of blades is influenced by many multiphysics and stochastic factors including humidity and related degradation processes, rough uneven surface and roughness development, random defects in the materials. In this paper, the effects of these factors and possibilities of their computational modelling and prediction are discussed. Competing damage mechanisms in erosion, including debonding and impact damage, as well moisture ingress and weathering are investigated. A predictive model for roughness evolution of leading edge due to the surface damage is presented.
Reconstruction of poloidal magnetic field profiles in field-reversed configurations with machine learning in laser-driven ion-beam trace probe
Authors: XU 徐 Xutao 栩涛 , XU 徐 Tianchao 田超 , XIAO 肖 Chijie 池阶 , ZHANG 张 Zuyu 祖煜 , HE 何 Renchuan 任川 , YUAN 袁 Ruixin 瑞鑫 , XU 许 Ping 平
Published: November 2023

The diagnostic of poloidal magnetic field (

) in field-reversed configuration (FRC), promising for achieving efficient plasma confinement due to its high β, is a huge challenge because

is small and reverses around the core region. The laser-driven ion-beam trace probe (LITP) has been proven to diagnose the

profile in FRCs recently, whereas the existing iterative reconstruction approach cannot handle the measurement errors well. In this work, the machine learning approach, a fast-growing and powerful technology in automation and control, is applied to

reconstruction in FRCs based on LITP principles and it has a better performance than the previous approach. The machine learning approach achieves a more accurate reconstruction of

profile when 20% detector errors are considered, 15%

fluctuation is introduced and the size of the detector is remarkably reduced. Therefore, machine learning could be a powerful support for LITP diagnosis of the magnetic field in magnetic confinement fusion devices.
Experimental results of a magnetic field modification to the radio frequency driver of a negative ion source
Authors: XIE 谢 Junwei 俊炜 , XIE 谢 Yahong 亚红 , WEI 韦 Jianglong 江龙 , LIANG 梁 Lizhen 立振 , PENG 彭 Xufeng 旭峰 , YANG 杨 Yuwen 宇雯 , GU 顾 Yuming 玉明 , HU 胡 Chundong 纯栋 , XIE 谢 Yuanlai 远来
Published: November 2023

A magnetic field produced by a current flowing through the plasma grid (PG) is one of the solutions to reduce the collisional loss of negative ions in a negative ion source, which reduces the electron temperature in front of the PG. However, the magnetic field diffused into the driver has some influence on the plasma outflowing. In order to investigate the effect of changing this magnetic field on the outflowing of plasma from the driver, a circular ring (absorber) of high permeability iron has been introduced at the driver exit, which can reduce the magnetic field around it and improve plasma outflowing. With the application of the absorber, the electron density is increased by about 35%, and the extraction current measured from the extraction grid is increased from 1.02 A to 1.29 A. The results of the extraction experiment with cesium injection show that both the extraction grid (EG) current and H− current are increased when the absorber is introduced.
Women’s knowledge and musical form: adapting historical identities in Martin Guerre
Authors: Barnden Sally
Published: November 2023

This essay assesses the afterlives in film, theatre, and scholarship of a sixteenth-century legal proceeding in which a Basque peasant named Martin Guerre was subject to identity theft. Focusing on the 1996 West End musical, the essay proposes that the conventions of musical theatre allowed this adaptation to revise earlier versions of the story in response to then-current concerns in historiography, in particular, those of new historicist criticism. It argues that the musical’s focus on the female lead’s knowledge and consent, informed by the cultural context of the 1990s, constituted a key intervention in the adaptive history of the Martin Guerre story. And it examines the musical’s engagement with new historicist ideas about the contingency of early modern identity, noting that the lyrics and structure present a contrast between a contingent identity reliant on property ownership, kinship bonds, and religious community with a more ‘modern’ identity based on psychological continuity and unique selfhood. In conclusion, the essay proposes Martin Guerre as a case study for broader questions about how historical individuals’ agency can be represented in adaptation.
mb-PHENIX: diffusion and supervised uniform manifold approximation for denoizing microbiota data
Authors: Padron-Manrique Cristian , Vázquez-Jiménez Aarón , Esquivel-Hernandez Diego Armando , Martinez Lopez Yoscelina Estrella , Neri-Rosario Daniel , Sánchez-Castañeda Jean Paul , Giron-Villalobos David , Resendis-Antonio Osbaldo
Published: November 2023

Motivation

Microbiota data encounters challenges arising from technical noise and the curse of dimensionality, which affect the reliability of scientific findings. Furthermore, abundance matrices exhibit a zero-inflated distribution due to biological and technical influences. Consequently, there is a growing demand for advanced algorithms that can effectively recover missing taxa while also considering the preservation of data structure.

Results

We present mb-PHENIX, an open-source algorithm developed in Python that recovers taxa abundances from the noisy and sparse microbiota data. Our method infers the missing information of count matrix (in 16S microbiota and shotgun studies) by applying imputation via diffusion with supervised Uniform Manifold Approximation Projection (sUMAP) space as initialization. Our hybrid machine learning approach allows to denoise microbiota data, revealing differential abundance microbes among study groups where traditional abundance analysis fails.

Availability and implementation

The mb-PHENIX algorithm is available at https://github.com/resendislab/mb-PHENIX. An easy-to-use implementation is available on Google Colab (see GitHub).
Overview of DrugProt task at BioCreative VII: data and methods for large-scale text mining and knowledge graph generation of heterogenous chemical–protein relations
Authors: Miranda-Escalada Antonio , Mehryary Farrokh , Luoma Jouni , Estrada-Zavala Darryl , Gasco Luis , Pyysalo Sampo , Valencia Alfonso , Krallinger Martin
Published: November 2023

It is getting increasingly challenging to efficiently exploit drug-related information described in the growing amount of scientific literature. Indeed, for drug–gene/protein interactions, the challenge is even bigger, considering the scattered information sources and types of interactions. However, their systematic, large-scale exploitation is key for developing tools, impacting knowledge fields as diverse as drug design or metabolic pathway research. Previous efforts in the extraction of drug–gene/protein interactions from the literature did not address these scalability and granularity issues. To tackle them, we have organized the DrugProt track at BioCreative VII. In the context of the track, we have released the DrugProt Gold Standard corpus, a collection of 5000 PubMed abstracts, manually annotated with granular drug–gene/protein interactions. We have proposed a novel large-scale track to evaluate the capacity of natural language processing systems to scale to the range of millions of documents, and generate with their predictions a silver standard knowledge graph of 53 993 602 nodes and 19 367 406 edges. Its use exceeds the shared task and points toward pharmacological and biological applications such as drug discovery or continuous database curation. Finally, we have created a persistent evaluation scenario on CodaLab to continuously evaluate new relation extraction systems that may arise. Thirty teams from four continents, which involved 110 people, sent 107 submission runs for the Main DrugProt track, and nine teams submitted 21 runs for the Large Scale DrugProt track. Most participants implemented deep learning approaches based on pretrained transformer-like language models (LMs) such as BERT or BioBERT, reaching precision and recall values as high as 0.9167 and 0.9542 for some relation types. Finally, some initial explorations of the applicability of the knowledge graph have shown its potential to explore the chemical–protein relations described in the literature, or chemical compound–enzyme interactions.

Database URL:  https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4955410
The generation of senescent-like CD4+ EMRA T cells in T2D and their contribution to poor COVID-19 vaccine responses
Authors: Garrod-Ketchley Conor , Mourgue d’Algue Laure , Littlewood Katie , Hood Gillian , Worthington Anne , Pattrick Melanie , Sutcliffe Caroline , Valla Zoi , Joti Noorshad , Zalak Udeshi , Edwards Amy , Finer Sarah , Henson Sian M
Published: November 2023

CD4+ T cells are essential for protection from viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. However, an increase in the dysfunction CD4+ EMRA subset is likely to hinder the immune response towards viruses. We show here that CD4+ EMRAs are increased with elevated blood glucose, such as people living with T2D, which alters mitochondrial function and causes the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, reducing the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. CD4+ T cells were examined for senescence, their insulin dynamics, and mitochondrial function after in vitro culture of high and low glucose media, with or without rotenone or mitoQ. Serum samples were used to assess circulating inflammation and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. People living with T2D had increased expression of CD4+ EMRA T cells, the appearance of which correlated with increasing blood glucose values. The T2D cohort showed a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased mtROS production. These results were mimicked using high-glucose media that accelerated CD4+ T cell differentiation and reduced MMP. People living with T2D (non-hyperglycaemic and hyperglycaemic) had altered expression of inflammatory mediators. CD4+ EMRA cells did not respond to COVID-19 peptides, and people with T2D had a reduced T cell and antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein. We have shown that senescent-like CD4+ EMRA influence the viral response in SARS-CoV-2 and that CD4+ EMRAs may arise from faulty mitochondrial dynamics due to increased environmental glucose. Further study is required to determine the direct link increased glucose has with CD4+ EMRA formation.
Percutaneous repair of a sinotubular junction aortic pseudoaneurysm with an atrial septal defect occluder: a case report
Authors: Joseph Joanne , Scerbo Jessica , Di Santo Pietro , Hibbert Benjamin
Published: November 2023

Background

Aortic pseudoaneurysms are complications that arise following cardiac surgery, thoracic trauma, infections, or inflammatory conditions. The mainstay treatment for aortic pseudoaneurysm is surgical management. Given significant morbidity and mortality related to thoracotomy, high-risk patients are not considered for cardiac surgery. Novel percutaneous repair using a variety of devices are being explored, especially in those with prohibitive risk for cardiac surgery.

Case summary

This case describes the use of an Amplatzer atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder device to manage an aortic pseudoaneurysm in a 69-year-old male who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery and pericardial drainage for purulent pericarditis. Following successful implant, there were no complications seen after 2 years of follow-up.

Discussion

Percutaneous closure of a mycotic pseudoaneurysm with an Amplatzer ASD occluder device can be a safe and efficacious treatment option, especially in patients with prohibitive surgical risk.
Sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 testing rates: spatiotemporal patterns and impact of test accessibility in Sweden
Authors: Kennedy Beatrice , Varotsis Georgios , Hammar Ulf , Nguyen Diem , Carrasquilla Germán D , van Zoest Vera , Kristiansson Robert S , Fitipaldi Hugo , Dekkers Koen F , Daivadanam Meena , Martinell Mats , Björk Jonas , Fall Tove
Published: November 2023

Background

Diagnostic testing is essential for disease surveillance and test–trace–isolate efforts. We aimed to investigate if residential area sociodemographic characteristics and test accessibility were associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing rates.

Methods

We included 426 224 patient-initiated COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction tests from Uppsala County in Sweden from 24 June 2020 to 9 February 2022. Using Poisson regression analyses, we investigated if postal code area Care Need Index (CNI; median 1.0, IQR 0.8–1.4), a composite measure of sociodemographic factors used in Sweden to allocate primary healthcare resources, was associated with COVID-19 daily testing rates after adjustments for community transmission. We assessed if the distance to testing station influenced testing, and performed a difference-in-difference-analysis of a new testing station targeting a disadvantaged neighbourhood.

Results

We observed that CNI, i.e. primary healthcare need, was negatively associated with COVID-19 testing rates in inhabitants 5–69 years. More pronounced differences were noted across younger age groups and in Uppsala City, with test rate ratios in children (5–14 years) ranging from 0.56 (95% CI 0.47–0.67) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.93) across three pandemic waves. Longer distance to the nearest testing station was linked to lower testing rates, e.g. every additional 10 km was associated with a 10–18% decrease in inhabitants 15–29 years in Uppsala County. The opening of the targeted testing station was associated with increased testing, including twice as high testing rates in individuals aged 70–105, supporting an intervention effect.

Conclusions

Ensuring accessible testing across all residential areas constitutes a promising tool to decrease inequalities in testing.