bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notice of the Excavation of the Brochs of Yarhouse, Brounaben, Old Stirkoke, Bowermadden, and Dunbeath, in Caithness; with Remarks on the Period of the Brochs; and an Appendix, containing a List of Brochs in Scotland, and Early Notices of many of them
Authors: Anderson Joseph
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the Anniversary meeting the annual report was delivered detailing the number of visitors to the museum, the number of deceased and elected fellows, and the donations presented to the museum and library.

 

Meeting notes for 11 December, 1871 are appended. Included in these notes is an extract from a paper read to the Royal Society titled 'Additional Notes on the Occurrence of the Sperm Whale in the Scottish Seas'.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 8 January 1872.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 12 February 1872.
Notice of the Fabric of St Vigeans Church, Forfarshire; with Notice and Photographs of Early Sculptured Stones recently Discovered there, &c
Authors: Duke William
Published: November 2022

The author discusses the ecclesiastical and architectural history of the church of St Vigeans by observing the building itself and studying primary sources. In the second half of the paper he describes in detail the fragments of sculptured stones that were found in the church during a recent restoration.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 13 May 1872.
Meeting notes
Authors: Smith John
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 10 June 1872.

 

[The journal notes that a paper titled 'Notice of a silver chain or girdle, the property of Thomas Simson, of Blainslie esq., Berwickshire; another, in the possession of the University of Aberdeen; and of other ancient Scottish silver chains' by John Alexander Smith, will be printed in a later part of the Proceedings.]
Notice of the Brochs or Round Towers of Orkney, with Plans, Sections, and Drawings, and Tables of Measurements of Orkney and Shetland Brochs
Authors: Petrie George
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper was read on 11 June 1866 and will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 13 February 1871.
Descriptive List of Antiquities near Loch Etive, Argyllshire, consisting of Vitrified Forts, Cairns, Circles, Crannogs, &c.; with some Remarks on the Growth of Peat
Authors: Smith R Angus
Published: November 2022

This article covers the author’s visit to the vitrified fort at Dun Mac Sniachan in 1869. He briefly discusses the fort’s history and describes the remaining visible features. He goes on to discuss what some of the local historical sites and finds can tell us about historical human habitation in the area. The author also analyses the process of the fort’s vitrification, the formation of peat and the composition of peat ash. Finally he describes the remains of what he believes to be a crannog and some nearby cairns and burial sites, speculating when they may have been built.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the Anniversary meeting the Chairman presented the lists of deceased and newly elected fellows, as well as details of the number of visitors to the museum and donations to the Society.

 

Meeting notes for 9 December, 1872 are appended. At this meeting, William Traill donated a large collection of artefacts from Orkney.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 12 May 1873.
Notes on the Architectural Characteristics of St Blane's Chapel, Bute
Authors: Galloway William
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Notice regarding a 'Pict's House' and some other Antiquities in the Parish of Tealing, Forfarshire
Authors: Jervise Andrew
Published: November 2022

The article begins by describing the location and dimensions of a souterrain found near Dundee. The author then goes on to discuss the finds that were uncovered at the site and their significance. He also highlights some other prehistoric monuments in the area and the history of the church at Tealing.
An Account of the Funeral of George, First Marquess of Huntly, in June 1636
Authors: Laing David
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper will be published in the Archaeologia Scotica.]
Historical Description of the Altar-Piece, painted in the Reign of King James the Third of Scotland, belonging to Her Majesty, in the Palace of Holyrood
Authors: Laing David
Published: November 2022

Following on from his previous article (see Vol III, pp.8-25), David Laing continues his investigation into the altarpiece showing James III and Margaret of Denmark. He outlines the historical context of the Stuart dynasty and goes on to argue that the altarpiece must have been painted earlier than 1484 given the turmoil of James III’s later reign and the ages of the figures in the painting. Laing then offers a suggestion of who the artist might have been, based on the new dating, the documentary evidence and the art style.

 

[The pagination has been slightly altered to include pp.*321-324*.]
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the Anniversary meeting several Fellows, Honorary Members, Corresponding Members and a Lady Associate were elected. The Annual Report on the visitors to the museum and the donations ot the Society was then delivered. At this meeting, the laws of the Society were revised as per the Council meeting held in March 1873.

 

Meeting notes for 8 December, 1873 are appended.
The Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the District of Knapdale, Argyllshire, and the Islands of Gigha and Cara
Authors: White T P
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses some of the ecclesiastical sites found in or near Knapdale. Included in these sites are chapels, crosses, sculptured stones and tombs.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 12 January 1874.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 February 1874.
Notes on the Relics of the Viking Period of the Northmen in Scotland, illustrated by Specimens in the Museum
Authors: Anderson Joseph
Published: November 2022

The author describes several categories of artefact that he believes to be of Scandinavian origin, discusses how and where they were found, and compares them to Scandinavian finds. He lists examples of urns, brooches, weaponry and items from silver hoards such as jewellery and coins. He concludes by mentioning some Scottish items that were found in graves in Scandinavia, as a way to discuss cultural exchange.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 8 June 1874.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the Anniversary meeting, the Secretary David Laing gave brief obituaries of several notable Fellows of the Society who died during the previous session. New Fellows were then elected, and the Vice-President presented two portraits that the Society had commissioned: one of David Laing and one of Alexander Henry Rhind. A report on the visitors and donations to the Society's museum was also presented.

 

Meeting notes for 14 December, 1874 are appended. At this meeting, it was announced that Arthur Mitchell would be the first speaker to present the Rhind Lectures. Some information about the lectures and Rhind's bequest are included.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 8 February 1875.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 Feburary 1876.
Notice of the recently recovered Inscriptions on the Transeptal Crypt of Glasgow Cathedral
Authors: Galloway William
Published: November 2022

[The journal notes that this paper has been postponed until the next volume of the Proceedings.]
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 12 March 1877.
Some Suggestions as to Our Mural Antiquities
Authors: Gibb Andrew
Published: November 2022

This article discusses how church monuments and sculptured stones are often under-documented in Scotland because they are not discovered by or brought to the attention of experts. To encourage Fellows of the Society to study these monuments, he presents a series of sketches of sculptured stones and describes where they were found.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 May 1877.
The Collegiate Church or Chapel of Rosslyn, its Builders, Architect, and Construction
Authors: Kerr Andrew
Published: November 2022

The article begins with a brief biography of the architect of Rosslyn Chapel, Sir William St Clair. The author discusses how foreign workers influenced the architectural style of the chapel, but emphasises that the work of Scottish masons is also notable. He highlights some of the chapel's functional features and describes the significance of the decorative features. The burials within the chapel are also discussed.
Notice of the Ancient Kil or Burying-Ground termed 'Cladh Bhile,' near Ellary, Loch Caolisport, South Knapdale
Authors: Galloway William
Published: November 2022

A record of the author’s visit to Cladh a Bhile in Knapdale in 1875. The article begins with a brief outline of the geographical features and the toponymy of the area before focusing on the decoration of several incised stones that were found on the site. It concludes by comparing these stones to similar examples from Scotland and Ireland.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the Anniversary meeting, new Fellows were elected and obituaries were read for some notable Fellows that died during the previous session. The Annual Report was then presented, including the number of visitors to the Society's museum over the past year and the number of books and artefacts donated to the Society. 

 

Meeting notes for 10 December, 1877 are appended.
The Story of the Fabrication of the 'Coffin-Plate' said to have been found in the Tomb of King Robert Bruce in Dunfermline Abbey
Authors: Johnston T B
Published: November 2022

In the early nineteenth century, a body that was believed to be Bruce’s was discovered during the rebuilding of Dunfermline church. A coffin-plate reading ‘Robertus Scotorum Rex’ was later found, although the evidence in this paper suggests that the plate was a hoax. The author transcribes a letter from Mr John Nimmo of Paris which details how the hoax was created. The author follows this with a short biography of Mr Nimmo.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes from 8 January 1877.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 8 April 1878.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 12 February 1877.
Preliminaries for Part II
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Front matter for full Volume 12

Contents for full volume

Table of contents for Part II

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1877-8

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (November 1870)

List of the Fellows November 1878

List of Honorary members November 1878

List of the Lady Associates of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland November 1878
Notice of an Ancient Scottish Lectern of Brass, now in the Parish Church of St Stephen's, St Albans, Hertfordshire. (Plate III)
Authors: Galloway William
Published: November 2022

This article sets out the case that a lectern found buried in the grounds of a church in Hertfordshire in 1750 is of Scottish origin. The author argues that the lectern was likely removed from the Abbey Church of Holyrood in 1544 by Sir Richard Lee of Sopwell, who then donated it to the church. The article includes a description of the lectern’s design and the list of documentary evidence that led the author to his conclusions.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 June 1879.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

At the anniversary meeting new Fellows were elected and the annual report on the number of visitors to the museum and donations to the Society was read.

 

Meeting notes for 13 December, 1880 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 March 1881.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 13 March 1882.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 10 April 1882.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 January 1882.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 June 1882.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 13 February 1882.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 12 February 1883.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 April 1883.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 11 June 1883.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Front matter for Volume 17

Contents for the full volume

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1882-3

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 

List of the Fellows November 1883

List of Honorary members November 1883

List of the Lady Associates November 1883
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 11 February 1884.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 10 March 1884.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 14 April 1884.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 9 June 1884.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: November 2022

Meeting notes for 13 April 1885.
Living Leukocyte‐Based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Chen Yaxin , Qin Duotian , Zou Jianhua , Li Xiaobin , Guo Xin Dong , Tang Yi , Liu Chuang , Chen Wei , Kong Na , Zhang Can Yang , Tao Wei
Published: November 2022

Leukocytes play a vital role in immune responses, including defending against invasive pathogens, reconstructing impaired tissue, and maintaining immune homeostasis. When the immune system is activated in vivo, leukocytes accomplish a series of orderly and complex regulatory processes. While cancer and inflammation‐related diseases like sepsis are critical medical difficulties plaguing humankind around the world, leukocytes have been shown to largely gather at the focal site, and significantly contribute to inflammation and cancer progression. Therefore, the living leukocyte‐based drug delivery systems have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the innate and specific targeting effect, low immunogenicity, improved therapeutic efficacy, and low reverse effect. In this review, the recent advances in the development of living leukocyte‐based drug delivery systems including macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes as promising treatment strategies for cancer and inflammation‐related diseases are introduced. The advantages, current challenges, and limitations of these delivery systems are also discussed, as well as perspectives on the future development of precision and targeted therapy in the clinics are provided. Collectively, it is expected that such kind of living cell‐based drug delivery system is promising to improve or even revolutionize the treatments of cancers and inflammation‐related diseases in the clinics.
Stationary states of hydrogen‐producing reactions in nonequilibrium plasma
Authors: Chen Xiaoshuang , Thimsen Elijah
Published: October 2022

In this work, stationary states of hydrogen‐producing reactions in nonequilibrium plasmas are explored, namely the water splitting and water gas shift reactions. For both reactions, the effluent from the reactor at long residence times in the plasma was found to be independent of the influent speciation. In other words, feeding the reactor either 0.1H2O or 0.1H2 + 0.05O2 by mole produced the same effluent composition, and similarly, feeding the reactor 0.1CO + 0.1H2O produced nominally the same effluent as 0.1CO2 + 0.1H2. For both reactions, the effluent from the plasma was found to be very far from local equilibrium at the total pressure and background temperature of the plasma and shifted in the endothermic direction relative to the local equilibrium speciation. This work further demonstrates that special attention must be paid to the recombination zone in plasmachemical processes. The recombination zone tends to drive the gas composition from plasma stationary states back towards local equilibrium.
A phase 1b study of venetoclax and azacitidine combination in patients with relapsed or refractory myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Zeidan Amer M. , Borate Uma , Pollyea Daniel A. , Brunner Andrew M. , Roncolato Fernando , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Filshie Robin , Odenike Olatoyosi , Watson Anne Marie , Krishnadasan Ravitharan , Bajel Ashish , Naqvi Kiran , Zha Jiuhong , Cheng Wei‐Han , Zhou Ying , Hoffman David , Harb Jason G. , Potluri Jalaja , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo
Published: October 2022

Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have a dismal median overall survival (OS) after failing hypomethylating agent (HMA) treatment. There is no standard of care for patients after HMA therapy failure; hence, there is a critical need for effective therapeutic strategies. Herein, we present the safety and efficacy of venetoclax + azacitidine in patients with R/R MDS. This phase 1b, open‐label, multicenter study enrolled patients ≥18 years. Patients were treated with escalating doses of oral venetoclax: 100, 200, or 400 mg daily for 14 days every 28‐day cycle. Azacitidine was administered on Days 1–7 every cycle at 75 mg/m2/day intravenously/subcutaneously. Responses were assessed per modified 2006 International Working Group (IWG) criteria. Forty‐four patients (male 86%, median age 74 years) received venetoclax + azacitidine treatment. Median follow‐up was 21.2 months. Hematological adverse events of Grade ≥ 3 included febrile neutropenia (34%), thrombocytopenia (32%), neutropenia (27%), and anemia (18%). Pneumonia (23%) was the most common Grade ≥ 3 infection. Marrow responses were seen including complete remission (CR, n = 3, 7%) and marrow CR (mCR, n = 14, 32%); 36% (16/44) achieved transfusion independence (TI) for RBCs and/or platelets, and 43% (6/14) with mCR achieved hematological improvement (HI). The median time to CR/mCR was 1.2 months, and the median duration of response for CR + mCR was 8.6 months. Median OS was 12.6 months. Venetoclax + azacitidine shows activity in patients with R/R MDS following prior HMA therapy failure and provides clinically meaningful benefits, including HI and TI, and encouraging OS.
Proposed risk‐scoring model for estimating the prognostic impact of 1q gain in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Yang Peiyu , Chen Haimin , Liang Xinyue , Xu Weiling , Yu Shanshan , Huang Wenyang , Yi Xingcheng , Guo Qiang , Tian Mengru , Yue Tingting , Li Mengyao , Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Mengxue , Yan Yurong , Hu Zhongli , Kumar Shaji K. , Zhou Fan , Dai Yun , Jin Fengyan
Published: October 2022

1q gain (+1q) is the most common high‐risk cytogenetic abnormality (HRCA) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, its prognostic value remains unclear in the era of novel agents. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of +1q on the outcomes of 934 patients newly diagnosed with MM. +1q was identified in 53.1% of patients and verified as an independent variate for inferior overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio, 1.400; 95% confidence interval, 1.097–1.787; p = .007). Concurrence of other HRCAs (particularly t(14;16) and del(17p)) further exacerbated the outcomes of patients with +1q, suggesting prognostic heterogeneity. Thus, a risk‐scoring algorithm based on four risk variates (t(14;16), hypercalcemia, ISS III, and high LDH) was developed to estimate the outcomes of patients with +1q. Of the patients, 376 evaluable patients with +1q were re‐stratified into low (31.6%), intermediate (61.7%), and high risk (6.7%) groups, with significantly different progression‐free survival and OS (p < .0001), in association with early relapse of the disease. The prognostic value of this model was validated in the CoMMpass cohort. While attaining undetectable MRD largely circumvented the adverse impact of +1q, it scarcely ameliorated the outcome of the patients with high risk, who likely represent a subset of patients with extremely poor survival. Hence, patients with +1q are a heterogeneous group of high‐risk patients, therefore underlining the necessity for their re‐stratification. The proposed simple risk‐scoring model can estimate the outcomes of patients with +1q, which may help guide risk‐adapted treatment for such patients.
Phase 1/2 study of epacadostat in combination with durvalumab in patients with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Naing Aung , Algazi Alain P. , Falchook Gerald S. , Creelan Benjamin C. , Powderly John , Rosen Seth , Barve Minal , Mettu Niharika B. , Triozzi Pierre L. , Hamm John , Zhou Gongfu , Walker Chris , Dong Zhiwan , Patel Manish R.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO1) pathways is an appealing option for cancer treatment.

METHODS

The open‐label, phase 1/2 ECHO‐203 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat in combination with durvalumab, a human anti–PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody in adult patients with advanced solid tumors.

RESULTS

The most common treatment‐related adverse events were fatigue (30.7%), nausea (21.0%), decreased appetite (13.1%), pruritus (12.5%), maculopapular rash (10.8%), and diarrhea (10.2%). Objective response rate (ORR) in the overall phase 2 population was 12.0%. Higher ORR was observed in immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)‐naïve patients (16.1%) compared with patients who had received previous CPI (4.1%). Epacadostat pharmacodynamics were evaluated by comparing baseline kynurenine levels with those on therapy at various time points. Only the 300‐mg epacadostat dose showed evidence of kynurenine modulation, albeit unsustained.

CONCLUSIONS

Epacadostat plus durvalumab was generally well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors. ORR was low, and evaluation of kynurenine concentration from baseline to cycle 2, day 1, and cycle 5, day 1, suggested >300 mg epacadostat twice daily is needed to ensure sufficient drug effect.

Clinical trial information

A study of epacadostat (INCB024360) in combination with durvalumab (MEDI4736) in subjects with selected advanced solid tumors (ECHO‐203) (NCT02318277).
Opposing effects of income inequality on health: The role of perceived competitiveness and avoidance/approach motivation
Authors: Sommet Nicolas , Elliot Andrew J.
Published: October 2022

Income inequality is commonly posited to elevate concerns about social status that undermine psychological health, but the empirical evidence is inconsistent. Here we propose that these inconsistencies conceal opposing processes: Income inequality prompts perceived competitiveness, which can both negatively predict psychological health via avoidance motivation and positively predict psychological health via approach motivation. First, we conducted a two‐year longitudinal study (1,700+ participants from 500+ county identifiers) and provided support for our opposing processes model. Second, we conducted three pre‐preregistered studies using an experimental‐causal‐chain design. We sequentially showed that induced income inequality increased perceived competitiveness (Study 2a; 444 participants), induced perceived competitiveness increased avoidance and approach motivation (Study 2b; 1,018 participants), and induced avoidance/approach motivation decreased/increased psychological health (Study 2c; 562 participants). These findings suggest that scholars should shift from studying the main effects of income inequality on psychological health to studying the psychological processes involved in the inequality‐health relation.
A longitudinal examination of the factors that facilitate and hinder support for conservative and progressive social movements
Authors: González Roberto , Chayinska María , Plaza Alejandro , Bargsted Matías , Miranda Daniel
Published: October 2022

This paper examines social‐psychological factors that can facilitate and hinder public support for conservative agendas over time. Using four waves of longitudinal panel data from Chile (N = 2,394), we estimated the between‐person and within‐person associations among individuals’ self‐reported conservative ideologies, political disaffection, civic behaviour, political attitudes towards democracy and social change, and their support for conservative (vs progressive) social movements over time. As expected, between‐person increases in social dominance orientation (SDO), right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), right‐wing self‐categorization, and political disaffection correlated positively with support for conservative social movements. Between‐person increases in people's social change beliefs, support for democracy, and civic participation predicted less support for conservative social movements over time. Within‐person increases in RWA and SDO correlated positively with conservative social movement support, whereas civic participation correlated negatively with it. Results provide novel evidence for the dynamic processes underlying support for conservative/progressive agendas.
Humanness in times of uncertainty: On the link between perceived job insecurity, self‐objectification and well‐being
Authors: Baldissarri Cristina , Pagliaro Stefano , Teresi Manuel , Andrighetto Luca
Published: October 2022

The current work scenario is pervaded by widespread perceptions of job insecurity, which is one of the main stress factors for workers and their well‐being. This article aims to investigate the link between these perceptions and a most inner dimension, that is, people's tendency to self‐objectify (i.e., self‐viewing as objects rather than fully human beings). Furthermore, we aim to verify the role of this self‐objectifying process in explaining the well‐established relation between perceived job insecurity and well‐being. Across four studies and a single‐article meta‐analysis (total N = 684), we show that perceived job insecurity is consistently linked with self‐objectification. Furthermore, this objectifying self‐perception is associated with decreased well‐being and plays a mediational role in the link between perceived job insecurity and this latter variable.
Intergroup threat, knowledge of the outgroup, and willingness to purchase ingroup and outgroup products: The mediating role of intergroup emotions
Authors: Long Feiteng , Ye Zi , Liu Guohua
Published: October 2022

Established theories have acknowledged that intergroup threat is one of the key determinants of intergroup attitudes and behaviours, but how intergroup threat can affect consumer behaviour remains unclear. Here, four preregistered studies (total N = 988) examined the effect of intergroup threat (manipulated in terms of realistic and symbolic threats) on consumers’ willingness to purchase ingroup and outgroup products. In the context of China–West relations, we measured Chinese consumers’ willingness to purchase Chinese (ingroup) and Western (outgroup) products. These studies together revealed that realistic and symbolic threats (versus control) increased willingness to purchase ingroup products and decreased willingness to purchase outgroup products, regardless of the product category. Studies 3a and 3b also measured knowledge of the outgroup as a potential moderator, revealing that realistic threat (versus control) reduced willingness to purchase outgroup products only among individuals who had less knowledge of the outgroup. Furthermore, Study 3b showed that the intergroup threat manipulation indirectly influenced consumers’ willingness to purchase ingroup/outgroup products through increased anger and decreased hope. We discussed the contributions to the intergroup relations and consumer behaviour literature and the implications for transnational marketing practices, as well as the limitations of this research.
Veg*ns’ and omnivores’ reciprocal attitudes and dehumanization: The role of social dominance orientation, ingroup identification, and anticipated reproach
Authors: Guidetti Margherita , Graziani Anna Rita , Cavazza Nicoletta
Published: October 2022

Two studies compared omnivores’ and veg*ns’ attitudes and dehumanization tendencies toward each other and identified the social psychological factors explaining them. Study 1 (N = 208, Italians) showed that veg*ns’ hold less positive attitudes toward omnivores than the reverse, and attributed to them less human uniqueness and nature; these differences were explained by veg*ns’ stronger identification with the ingroup and higher perceptions of reproach from the outgroup, even if omnivores’ higher levels of social dominance orientation worsened their attitude toward veg*ns. Study 2 (preregistered,N = 200, mostly from UK) overall replicated Study 1 findings at the explicit level. Interestingly, omnivores’ and veg*ns’ implicit attitudes were equally positive (but less positive than self‐reported attitudes) and not predicted by the same mediators associated with the explicit measures. This work suggests that neither veg*ns nor omnivores hold negative attitudes toward each other: they were both positive or neutral toward the outgroup, even if at the explicit level this positivity is greater for omnivores.
Solidarity across group lines: Secondary transfer effect of intergroup contact, perceived moral distance, and collective action
Authors: Vezzali Loris , Pagliaro Stefano , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , McKeown Shelley , Margherita Cocco Veronica
Published: October 2022

We tested, in three studies, whether the generalization of contact effects from primary to secondary outgroups—the secondary transfer effect (STE)—occurs for collective action. The results supported a serial mediation model: contact with immigrants by advantaged group members (Italians: Study 1, N = 146, 121 females, Mage = 28.31 years; Study 3, N = 406, 239 females, Mage = 36.35; British people, Study 2, N = 160, 113 females, Mage = 32.31) was associated with lower perceived moral distance toward primary outgroups, which in turn was associated with more positive attitudes and greater collective action intentions toward primary outgroups, and lower perceived moral distance toward secondary outgroups. Lower perceived moral distance toward secondary outgroups and stronger collective action intentions toward the primary outgroup were associated with higher collective action intentions toward secondary outgroups (results were inconsistent for attitudes). We discuss the findings with a focus on how a consideration of perceived moral distance extends current theorizing, and the relevance of generalized prejudice for the STE.
Curcumin‐loaded cockle shell‐derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles ameliorates lead‐induced neurotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress
Authors: Mailafiya Maryam Muhammad , Abubakar Kabeer , Chiroma Samaila Musa , Danmaigoro Abubakar , Zyoud Tawfiq Y. T. , Rahim Ezamin Bin Abdul , Moklas Mohamad Aris Mohd , Zakaria Zuki Abu Bakar
Published: October 2022

A substantial global health burden is associated with neurotoxicity caused by lead (Pb) exposure and the common mechanism of this toxicity is mainly via oxidative damage. Curcumin has remarkable pharmacological activities but remains clinically constrained due to its poor bioavailability when orally administered. Currently, cockle shell‐derived calcium carbonate nanoparticle (CSCaCO3NP) is gaining more acceptance in nanomedicine as a nanocarrier to various therapeutics. This study aimed at investigating the ameliorative effect of curcumin‐loaded CSCaCO3NP (Cur‐CSCaCO3NP) on lead‐induced neurotoxicity in rats. A total of 36 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups. Each group consists of 6 rats apart from the control group which consists of 12 rats. During the 4 weeks induction phase, all rats received a flat dose of 50 mg/kg of lead while the control group received normal saline. The treatment phase lasted for 4 weeks, and all rats received various doses of treatments as follows: group C (Cur 100) received 100 mg/kg of curcumin, group D (Cur‐CSCaCO3NP 50) received 50 mg/kg of Cur‐CSCaCO3NP, and group E (Cur‐CSCaCO3NP 100) received 100 mg/kg of Cur‐CSCaCO3NP. The motor function test was carried out using the horizontal bar method. The cerebral and cerebellar oxidative biomarker levels were estimated using ELISA and enzyme assay kits. Lead‐administered rats revealed a significant decrease in motor scores and SOD activities with a resultant increase in MDA levels. Furthermore, marked cellular death of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex was observed. Conversely, treatment with Cur‐CSCaCO3NP demonstrated enhanced ameliorative effects when compared with free curcumin treatment by significantly reversing the aforementioned alterations caused by lead. Thus, CSCaCO3NP enhanced the efficacy of curcumin by ameliorating the lead‐induced neurotoxicity via enhanced attenuation of oxidative stress.
Impact of prevention in primary care on costs in primary and secondary care for people with serious mental illness
Authors: Ride Jemimah , Kasteridis Panos , Gutacker Nils , Gravelle Hugh , Rice Nigel , Mason Anne , Goddard Maria , Doran Tim , Jacobs Rowena
Published: October 2022

A largely unexplored part of the financial incentive for physicians to participate in preventive care is the degree to which they are the residual claimant from any resulting cost savings. We examine the impact of two preventive activities for people with serious mental illness (care plans and annual reviews of physical health) by English primary care practices on costs in these practices and in secondary care. Using panel two‐part models to analyze patient‐level data linked across primary and secondary care, we find that these preventive activities in the previous year are associated with cost reductions in the current quarter both in primary and secondary care. We estimate that there are large beneficial externalities for which the primary care physician is not the residual claimant: the cost savings in secondary care are 4.7 times larger than the cost savings in primary care. These activities are incentivized in the English National Health Service but the total financial incentives for primary care physicians to participate were considerably smaller than the total cost savings produced. This suggests that changes to the design of incentives to increase the marginal reward for conducting these preventive activities among patients with serious mental illness could have further increased welfare.
Postnatal development of hippocampal CA2 structure and function during the emergence of social recognition of peers
Authors: Diethorn Emma J. , Gould Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

It is now well‐established that the hippocampal CA2 region plays an important role in social recognition memory in adult mice. The CA2 is also important for the earliest social memories, including those that mice have for their mothers and littermates, which manifest themselves as a social preference for familiarity over novelty. The role of the CA2 in the development of social memory for recently encountered same‐age conspecifics, that is, peers, has not been previously reported. Here, we used a direct social interaction test to characterize the emergence of novelty preference for peers during development and found that at the end of the second postnatal week, pups begin to significantly prefer novel over familiar peers. Using chemogenetic inhibition at this time, we showed that CA2 activity is necessary for the emergence of novelty preference and for the ability to distinguish never encountered from recently encountered peers. In adulthood, the CA2 region is known to integrate a large number of inputs from various sources, many of which participate in social recognition memory, but previous studies have not determined whether these afferents are present at adult levels by the end of the second postnatal week. To explore the development of CA2 inputs, we used immunolabeling and retrograde adenovirus circuit tracing and found that, by the end of the second postnatal week, the CA2 is innervated by many regions, including the dentate gyrus, supramammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, the lateral entorhinal cortex, and the median raphe nucleus. Using retroviral labeling of postnatally generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus, we found that mossy fiber projections to the CA2 mature faster during development than those generated in adulthood. Together, our findings indicate that the CA2 is partially mature in afferent connectivity by the end of the second postnatal week, connections that likely facilitate the emergence of social recognition memory and preference for novel peers.
Strengthening the capacity of healthcare providers to administer intermittent preventive therapy for malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria using a quality improvement strategy
Authors: Busari Simbiat Sophia , Eboreime Ejemai , Okonkwo Rita Ifeyinwa , Ajayi Ikeoluwapo , Ibisomi Latifat
Published: October 2022

Background

Intermittent Preventive Therapy using Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine (IPTp‐SP) is a malaria control strategy to reduce cases of malaria in pregnancy in endemic countries. However, the administration of the recommended three doses of Intermittent Preventive Therapy (IPTp) throughout the stages of pregnancy still remains low in Nigeria. Limited knowledge by health workers on the administration of the recommended doses of IPTp to pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) services is partly responsible for this gap. This study applied Quality Improvement (QI) approach to improve knowledge and practice among healthcare providers with respect to the administration of IPTp‐SP.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental study design was carried out to evaluate the effect of QI approach consisting of training and coaching of healthcare providers to improve the administration of IPTp during ANC services. Primary Healthcare Centre Samaru was purposively selected and 11 healthcare providers participated in the study. The total duration of the intervention was for a period of 4 weeks which comprises of four training sessions conducted over a period of 2 weeks and four coaching sessions conducted for a period of another 2 weeks. The training package involved the use of the Information, Education and Communication approach of healthcare providers on IPTp administration while the coaching package involved supervision and follow‐up meetings guiding healthcare providers on the protocol of IPTp administration. Antenatal care daily register was reviewed pre‐intervention, intervention and post‐intervention period of the study. Data were analysed using line graphs and run charts.

Results

A total of 36 ANC visit weeks were observed between 21 November 2016 and 27 July 2017. There was overestimation of first dose of IPTp (IPTp1) as 8 of the 16 Weeks in the pre‐intervention period had more than 100% of eligible women administered IPTp1. There was evidence indicating the process of IPTp1 was relatively stable post‐intervention as the data crosses the median line only six times that is, 7 runs. This indicates that the process of IPTp1 was within normal variation over the post‐intervention period. The patterns of IPTp2+ administrations shows the levels of IPTp2+ administration were erratic. There was an upward shift showing immediate improvement of the administration of IPTp2+ post‐intervention.

Conclusions

The integrated training and coaching intervention approach improved the administration of the recommended three doses of IPTp within the context of a Primary Healthcare Centre. The data quality of the ANC daily register improved post‐intervention.
Proglacial river sediment fluxes in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Mingyong Glacier in the Upper Mekong River
Authors: Lu Xixi , Zhang Ting , Hsia Boey Lai , Li Dongfeng , Fair Heather , Niu Hewen , Chua Samuel D. X. , Li Li , Li Shaojuan
Published: October 2022

Glacial and proglacial erosion are important sediment sources in river basins. The retreat of many glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau has important implications on the supply of fresh water and sediment dynamics for downstream river basins. Despite the importance of water and sediment dynamics at these catchments, existing quantification of suspended sediment fluxes from glacial catchments on the Tibetan Plateau is limited due to poor accessibility and challenging environments. This study presents the results of in‐situ investigations of water discharge and suspended sediment fluxes from the Mingyong Glacier catchment in Yunnan, Southwest China, between August 2013 and July 2017. The results show that the variation in water discharge and suspended sediment was highly seasonal. The variation of average suspended sediment concentration was large—69 ± 45; 119 ± 104; and 94 ± 97 mg/L in 2013, 2015, and 2016, respectively. We estimate that the sediment yield from the Mingyong catchment was highly variable ranging from 1104 t/km2/year in 2013 to 2281 t/km2/year in 2016, with 65%–78% of the total annual sediment load occurring during the summer (June to August). These annual variations in sediment yield can be attributed largely to precipitation patterns and extreme melting events. This study has provided a benchmark dataset that can be used for further works that investigate the impact of climate change on sediment dynamics in glacierized catchments in the Tibetan Plateau. Subsequently, the study helps us to better understand the increasing sediment supply to the Upper Mekong River from glacierized headwater catchments.
Identification of hydraulic conductivity field of a karst aquifer by using transition probability geostatistics and discrete cosine transform with an ensemble method
Authors: Duan Xianqian , Deng Yinger , Chu Xuewei , Peng Xin , Su Hu , Yang Hongkun
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of the spatial distribution characteristics of hydraulic parameters is essential for the management and protection of karst groundwater resources. In this study, we propose a workflow integrating the transition probability geostatistics (T‐PROGS) and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) with the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES‐MDA) method to map the hydraulic conductivity of karst aquifers that usually follow a multimodal distribution. The priori parameter ensemble is constructed from the T‐PROGS and transformed into an approximately Gaussian distributed coefficient field containing critical spatial structural features about the aquifer using DCT. The ES‐MDA method is employed to update the DCT coefficients by assimilating the measurements. In addition, a postprocessing process based on cumulative distribution function (CDF) mapping is used to address the problem of parameters gradually tending to a Gaussian distribution after updating using the ES‐MDA and the inappropriate selection of initial parameter values. In practice, the limited amount of available data makes it difficult to fully capture the spatial distribution of the parameters in the initial ensemble of a single realization. Therefore, we suggest a new strategy for structuring the initial ensemble by mixing samples from multiple realizations. We then apply the proposed approach to four single realization models and a combined multiple realizations model in a field hydraulic tomography investigation of a real karst aquifer. The computed results show that this method can effectively identify the characteristics of the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity in karst aquifers. Compared with an individual realization model, the uncertainty of the hydraulic conductivity estimated by the combined multiple realizations model is significantly reduced. Therefore, including more uncertainty of the aquifer in the initial ensemble is beneficial to improve the accuracy of the parameter estimation.
MiR‐548k suppresses apoptosis in breast cancer cells by affecting PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Yadollahi‐Farsani Mahtab , Amini‐Farsani Zeinab , Moayedi Fatemeh , Khazaei Niusha , Yaghoobi Hajar
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer is the most aggressive and fatal form of cancer among women globally. Although the role of some miRNAs that are often dysregulated in breast cancer has been deciphered, the regulatory function of others still remains unknown. The current study was aimed at determining the biological role and underlying mechanism of miR‐548k in breast cancer. In this study, the significant overexpression of miR‐548k in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues was confirmed. Also, bioinformatics analysis indicated that PTEN, as a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, was a potential target of miR‐548k, and its expression was downregulated in breast cancer tissues rather than normal tissues. Furthermore, the ectopic increase of miR‐548k decreased the expression of PTEN in breast cancer, suggesting that PTEN is one of the potential downstream targets of miR‐548k. Besides, functional analysis was conducted to assess the capability of miR‐548k to alter apoptosis along with the changed expression levels of miR‐548k in breast cancer cells. Based on this investigation, forced increase of miR‐548k disrupted programmed cell death in MCF‐7 cells. Apart from this, in silico study of miR‐548 family supported its association with the main components of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, opening a prospective research area in cancer therapy. In brief, suppression of PTEN partly mediated by miR‐548k diminished apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt pathway in breast cancer, suggesting a novel therapeutic axis, miR‐548k/PTEN/ PI3K/Akt, for treatment of breast cancer in the future.
Effect of Genotype on the Pharmacokinetics and Bleeding Events of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Jinying , Wu Tingting , Wu Shuyi , Chen Xiaochun , Ye Qin , Zhang Jinhua
Published: October 2022

This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the effect of the genotype on the pharmacokinetics and bleeding events of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and comprehensively searched electronic databases. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was used to assess the kinetic indicators, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the clinical outcomes. Thirteen articles with 1543 participants were finally included in this study. The peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity of individuals with the ABCB1 rs 1045642 CT + TT were higher than that of the CC (WMD = −31.9, 95% CI [−49.94, −12.24], P = .02; WMD = −79.97, 95%CI [−152.38 to −7.56], P = .03, I2 = 0). The Cmax of individuals with mutated genes in ABCB1 2677–3435 is higher than that the wild type (WMD = −19.20, 95%CI [36.62 to −1.79], P = .03, I2 = 0). Carriers of the CYP3A5 rs776746 GG genotype had a higher Cmax than the GA gene (WMD = −51.22, 95%CI [−92.26 to −10.19], P = .01, I2 = 0). Bleeding events were more common in the CES1 rs 2244613 AA + AC than in the CC (odds ratio, 2.62, 95%CI [1.06, 6.47], P = .04; I2 = 0). The Cmax of DOACs was affected by individuals with ABCB1 rs 1045642, ABCB1 2677‐343, and cytochrome P450 3A5 rs 776746. Carriers of the ABCB1 rs 1045642 affected the change of area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity of DOACs. Bleeding events were affected by CES1 rs 2244613.