bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PROCESS OF MASTERING OF THE BAROQUE STYLE IN RUSSIAN CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Верховых Елена Юрьевна
Published: August 2022

В статье рассмотрен процесс освоения исторического «большого стиля» барокко в русской храмовой архитектуре. Впервые показана количественная динамика и выделены основные периоды строительства храмов в стиле барокко. Проведено сравнение предложенной периодизации их возведения с периодизацией развития стиля барокко в России, введенной в искусствоведении. Показано территориальное распределение барочных храмов по регионам страны, отмечается его повсеместность, но существенная неравномерность. Выявлено, что «староосвоенные» районы страны были наиболее восприимчивыми к усвоению стиля барокко.

The article considers the process of mastering of the historical «grand style» of the Baroque in Russian temple architecture. For the first time, the quantitative dynamics is shown and the main periods of the construction of churches in the Baroque style are highlighted. The proposed periodization of their construction is compared with the periodization of the development of the Baroque style in Russia, introduced in art history. The territorial distribution of Baroque churches in the regions of the country is shown, and its ubiquity, but significant unevenness, is noted. It was revealed that the «old-developed» areas of the country were the most susceptible to the assimilation of the Baroque style.
DISCOURSE OF ORNAMENT IN LOUIS I. KAHN’S ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Шарапов Иван Александрович
Published: August 2022

В статье анализируется орнамент в творчестве архитектора Луиса Кана. Орнамент в архитектуре модернизма - парадоксальное явление, причины которого заключены в несопоставимости прагматики орнамента и чистой формы архитектуры. Исследование орнамента в архитектуре осуществляется через сопоставление теоретических позиций и объектов архитектуры как результатов деятельности архитектора. Статья показывает изменение статуса орнамента в архитектуре и исследует основу концептуальных связей орнамента и формообразования.

The article analyzes the ornament in the work of the architect Louis Kahn. Ornament in the architecture of modernism is a paradoxical phenomenon, which reasons are in the disparity between the pragmatics of ornament and the pure form of architecture. The study of ornament in architecture is carried out through the comparison of theoretical positions and architecture objects as the results of the architect‘s activity. The article outlines the transformation of the ornament status in architecture, explores the basis of the conceptual connections of the ornament and the formation of shapes.
SYSTEM METHOD IN DESIGN: FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN VERSION
Authors: Быстрова Татьяна Юрьевна
Published: August 2022

Показан генезис системного подхода в российском дизайне. Проанализированы идеи Г. П. Щедровицкого, Д. Азрикана, К. Кантора и других представителей ВНИИТЭ. Выделены две ветви системного подхода - системный взгляд на процесс проектирования (из которого сегодня эволюционируют идеи дизайн-мышления) и представление о проектируемом объекте как системе.

The genesis of the systematic approach in Russian design is shown. The ideas of GP Shchedrovitsky, D. Azrikan, K. Kantor and other representatives of VNIITE are analyzed. Two branches of the systemic approach are identified - a systemic view of the design process (from which the ideas of design thinking evolve today) and the idea of a projected object as a system.
PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE WORK OF THE ARTIST V. SPIES
Authors: Галеева Тамара Александровна , Сенокосова Анастасия Николаевна
Published: August 2022

Цель статьи заключается в определении особенностей творческого метода Вальтера Шписа как фотографа. Авторами освещаются предпосылки обращения художника к фотоискусству, в историко-культурном контексте анализируются стилистические особенности фотоиллюстраций Шписа для изданий «Остров Бали: религия и церемонии» (1931) и «Танец и драма на Бали» (1938), а также фотографии для этнографического фильма «Остров Демонов» (1933); выявляются параллели в творчестве В. Шписа и одного из основоположников конструктивизма, художника и фотографа А. Родченко.

The article is devoted to photography in the work of the transnational emigrant artist Walter Spies. The authors highlight the prerequisites for the artist‘s appeal to photography, analyze the stylistic features of the master‘s photo illustrations for the publications «The island of Bali: its religion and ceremonies» (1931) and «Dance and Drama in Bali» (1938), as well as the ethnographic film «The Island of Demons» (1933); identify common features of the creative method of W. Spies and one of the founders of constructivism A. Rodchenko.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH IN DESIGNING AND EXPERT EVALUATION OF THE MUSEUM ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Витковская Светлана Владимировна , Копытова Марина Петровна , Толстова Александра Андреевна
Published: August 2022

По мнению авторов статьи, необходимость средового подхода в формировании современных экспозиционно-выставочных пространств в музейной среде очевиден. Авторы предлагают рассматривать его как инструмент экспертной оценки. Используя комплексный подход в анализе музейной среды, базирующийся на триаде «среда - процессы - дизайн», проектировщик может не только придумать новое пространство музея, но и оценить существующую музейную среду экспозиций с точки зрения ее успешности. Предложенный алгоритм неоднократно апробировался в проектной работе. Опираясь, прежде всего, на анализ процессов, дизайнер моделирует желаемые пользовательские сценарии. Подбирая инструменты для организации контекстной среды, он влияет на музейный нарратив, способный, в свою очередь, заинтересовать широкую зрительскую аудиторию. Экспертная оценка музейных экспозиций на этапах взаимодействия среды с процессами и дизайном дает возможность выявить и устранить возможные недостатки на любом из этих этапов, запуская процесс «саморегенерации».

According to the authors of the article, the need for an environmental approach in the creation of modern exposition and exhibition spaces in the museum environment is obvious. The authors propose to consider it as a expert review tool. Using a complex approach to the analysis of the museum environment, based on the triad «environment-processes-design», the designer can not only come up with a new museum space, but also evaluate the existing museum environment of expositions in terms of its success. The proposed algorithm has been repeatedly tested in project work. Based primarily on the analysis of processes, the designer models the desired user scenarios. Choosing tools for organizing the contextual environment, he influences the museum narrative, which, in its turn, can interest a wide audience. Expert review of museum expositions at the stages of interaction of the environment with processes and design makes it possible to identify and eliminate possible disadvantages at any of these stages, launching the process of «self-regeneration».
FINE ART APPRAISAL IN THE INTERNET AND SOCIAL NETWORKS AGE
Authors: Васерчук Юлия Анатольевна , Куценко Роман Геннадьевич
Published: August 2022

В представленном исследовании проанализированы современные условия искусствоведческой экспертизы, социокультурная среда интернет-коммуникаций, окружающая искусство, дизайн и все, связанное с ними. Определено, что на создание экспозиций, на стоимость произведений искусства все большее влияние оказывают пользователи социальных сетей. Количественный фактор реакций на арт-публикации нивелирует значимость качественной искусствоведческой оценки, низводя искусство до массовой культуры. Пришло время определить экспертизу как инструмент ориентации общества в духовных ценностях искусства.

The presented research reveals the modern conditions of fine art appraisal; socio-cultural environment of Internet communications, which surrounds art, design and everything related to them was analysed. It was determined that the social media users have more and more impact on museum exhibition creating process and can influence the art pieces price on the market. The quantitative factor of reactions to art publications negates the importance of a qualitative professional art appraisal, relegating art to mass culture. The time has come to define art expertise as a tool for guiding society in the spiritual values of art.
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZING SETTLEMENT IN HARD-TO-REACH TERRITORIES
Authors: Мазаев Антон Григорьевич
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматривается проблема освоения труднодоступных территорий, организации на них очаговой и локальной систем расселения и опыт стран, обладающих большими малозаселенными территориями со сложными природно-климатическими условиями, такими как Канада и Австралия. Показаны основные подходы к его организации в этих странах и ключевые характеристики такого расселения. Проведен сравнительный анализ, рассмотрены сходства и отличия этих подходов от существующих методик градостроительного освоения российского Дальнего Востока.

The article deals with the problem of the development of hard-to-reach territories of a number of countries, the organization of focal and local settlement systems on them. The experience of countries with large sparsely populated territories with complex natural and climatic conditions, such as Canada and Australia, is attracted. The key characteristics of such settlement, the main approaches to its organization in these countries are shown. A comparative analysis is carried out, the similarities and differences of these approaches to the existing methods of urban development of the Russian Far East are considered.
THE RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS (Part 1)
Authors: Балухина Наталья Владимировна , Гибадулина Альфия Равильевна
Published: August 2022

Принятие нового Градостроительного кодекса в 2007 году значительно повлияло на рынок нового жилищного строительства. Запрет на распространенную ранее практику «точечной» застройки привел к появлению рыночного механизма комплексного освоения территорий (КОТ), одной из главных целей которого провозглашено создание жилой среды высокого качества. Программа была рассчитана на 10 лет, и в настоящий момент можно оценивать качество жилой среды построенных жилых районов и подводить итоги. В статье дается краткий обзор концепции качества городской среды, приводятся результаты собственных научных изысканий на эту тему, а также проводится отбор кейсов для дальнейших исследований.

The adoption of the new City Planning Code in 2007 significantly influenced the new housing market. The forbiddance on the previously widespread practice of «infill sealing» development has led to the emergence of the integrated territories development market mechanism, one of the main goals of which was the creation of a high quality living environment. The program was designed for 10 years and at the moment it is possible to assess the quality of the living environment in the realized residential areas and summarize. The article provides a brief overview of the urban environment quality concept, provides the results of own scientific research on this topic, which have not been previously published in the RF, and also selects cases for further research.
ARCTIC URBAN REALM: OPTIMISATION AND DIGITALISATION
Authors: Прокопова Софья Михайловна , Кравчук Светлана Геннадьевна , Гарин Николай Петрович
Published: August 2022

Становясь самым высокоурбанизированным регионом в мире, Крайний Север России ставит вопрос о совмещении агрессивного климата и комфорта человека. Исследование истории арктической урбанизации показало, что видение северных городов будущего в проектах советских архитекторов заключалось в создании изолированного микроклимата. Благосостояние человека требует не только нейтрализации агрессивных природных воздействий, но и поддержки психоэмоционального состояния через оптимизацию городской среды. Данное исследование поднимает вопрос о том, как архитектура и дизайн через междисциплинарный подход могут участвовать в формировании комфортного и «умного» - поддерживаемого современными технологиями - города в Арктике.

While becoming the most urbanized region in the world, the High North brought up an issue of combining harsh conditions and human wellbeing. The research of the Arctic urban planning / architecture history has shown that these projects were mainly aimed to design an isolated microclimate. A complete wellbeing in terms of living in extreme climate conditions demands not only neutralization of harsh natural settings, but also empowering psychological state and comfort level. This research investigates a question of design and architecture’s contribution to forming comfortable and smart (empowered by modern technologies) city in the Arctic through multidisciplinary approach.
POLYGONAL ARCH OF TWO TYPES OF UNIFIED ELEMENTS
Authors: Кузнецов Иван Леонидович , Гайнетдинов Ришат Габдулхаевич , Хайруллин Ленар Равилевич
Published: August 2022

Представлено арочное здание, где несущие конструкции выполняются из двух типов унифицированных элементов. Эти унифицированные элементы изготавливаются из прокатного стального двутавра и спаренных холодногнутых швеллеров, соединенных между собой на болтах без использования фланцев. При таком решении несущая способность унифицированных элементов и их болтового узлового соединения равны. Изготавливаемые арки из унифицированных элементов за счет предложенного узлового соединения элементов могут быть выполнены различного пролета и очертания, при этом для обеспечения несущей способности возможно изменение шага их установки.

An arched building is proposed, where their supporting structures are made of two types of unified elements. These unified elements are made of rolled steel I-beam and paired cold-bent channels, bolted together without the use of flanges. With this solution, the bearing capacity of the unified elements and their bolted nodal connection are equal. We make arches from unified elements that can be made of different spans and shapes, while to ensure the load-bearing capacity, it is possible to change the step of their installation.
WATER AND ENERGY RESOURCES OF THE URAL CITY-PLANT AS AN OBJECT OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE
Authors: Литовский Владимир Васильевич , Быстрова Татьяна Юрьевна , Алексеева Елена Вениаминовна , Патрушев Сергей Анатольевич
Published: August 2022

Предметом исследования статьи является система водно-энергетических ресурсов города-завода Урала XVIII века, составляющих не только основу планировочной структуры центра города вплоть до настоящего времени, основу пространственной идентичности места, но и объект индустриального наследия. Системно-структурный анализ помогает увидеть логику организации города-завода в прямой связи с его водно-энергетическими ресурсами. Распространяясь вовне, эта логика формирует каркас системы расселения индустриального Урала. Авторы разрабатывают модель водно-энергетических ресурсов и объектов индустриального Урала, помогающую формулировать предложения по актуализации этого наследия с максимальным учетом их специфики.

The subject of this article is the water and energy resources` system in the Ural city-plant of the 18th century, which constitute up to the present time not only the basis of the planning structure of the city center, and the spatial identity basis of the place, but also an object of industrial heritage. The system-structural analysis helps to see the logic of the organization of the city-plant in direct connection with its water and energy resources. Spreading outwardly, this logic forms the skeleton of the settlement system of the industrial Urals. The authors are developing a of water and energy resources and objects of the industrial Urals, which helps to formulate proposals for actualization this heritage with maximum consideration of their specifics.
THE FOLD MORPHOGENESIS DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES IN POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Киричков Игорь Владимирович
Published: August 2022

Теория складки, предложенная французским философом-постструктуралистом Жилем Делезом в 1985 году, во многом изменила представление об окружающей нас реальности, что, в свою очередь, очень сильно отразилось на архитектуре. Коллажная эстетика, продиктованная основателем деконструктивизма Жаком Дерридой, впитала в себя характерные черты складчатого формообразования - гладкость, гибкость, податливость, пластичность, континуальность, дав архитекторам больше возможностей самовыражения. На основании предшествующего опыта делается вывод, что тенденция развития складчатого формообразования направлена на создание структур, способных адаптироваться под воздействия внешней среды, повышение эстетической выразительности, внедрение технологий самоорганизации, наделение новым смысловым содержанием, улучшение технических характеристик, установление тесного диалога между человеком и окружающей средой.

The theory of the fold, proposed by the French poststructuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze in 1985, largely changed the idea of the reality around us, which in turn greatly affected architecture. Collage aesthetics, dictated by the founder of deconstructivism Jacques Derrida, absorbed the characteristic features of folded shaping - smoothness, flexibility, pliancy, plasticity, continuity, giving architects more opportunities for self-expression. Based on previous experience, it is concluded that the trend in the development of folded morphogenesis is aimed at creating structures capable of adapting to the effects of the external environment, increasing aesthetic expressiveness, introducing self-organization technologies, endowing with new semantic content, improving technical characteristics, establishing a close dialogue between human and the environment.
ON S. O. KHAN-MAGOMEDOV‘S CONCEPT OF «SUPERSTYLES»
Authors: Хмельницкий Дмитрий Сергеевич
Published: August 2022

Концепция двух «суперстилей», определивших развитие советской архитектуры в первой половине ХХ века, изложена Селимом Омаровичем Хан-Магомедовым в программной статье «Сталинский ампир. Проблемы, течения, мастера» (2010). Под «суперстилями» подразумеваются советская современная архитектура 1920-х годов (условно - «конструктивизм») и сменившая ее в 1932 году сталинская архитектура. Представляется, что концепция Хан-Магомедова вытекает из принципиального и традиционного для советского архитектуроведения отказа от рассмотрения эволюции советской архитектуры в общеисторическом контексте. Советская архитектура 1920-х годов остается полноценным художественным явлением, блестящим и отлично вписывающимся в мировое архитектурное движение. В то же время сталинский ампир при ближайшем рассмотрении оказывается в чистом виде порождением художественной цензуры и абсолютной творческой несвободы.

Concept of two «superstyles» defining the development of Soviet architecture in the first half of XX century was outlined by Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov in his article «Stalin‘s Empire. Problems of Currents, Masters» published in 2010. By «superstyles» is meant Soviet contemporary architecture of the 1920s (tentatively called «constructivism») and Stalinist architecture that replaced it in 1932. It would seem that Khan-Magomedov‘s concept stems from a refusal, traditional for Soviet architectural studies, to consider the evolution of Soviet architecture in a general historical context. Soviet architecture of the 1920s remained a full-fledged artistic phenomenon, brilliant and perfectly in line with the global architectural movement. At the same time, the Stalinist empire, on closer inspection, is the pure generation of artistic censorship and sheer creative unfreedom.
THE PROCESS OF MASTERING THE STYLE OF CLASSICISM IN RUSSIAN CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Верховых Елена Юрьевна
Published: August 2022

В статье рассмотрен процесс освоения стиля классицизм в русском церковном зодчестве XVIII-XIX веков. Впервые показана количественная динамика и выделены основные периоды строительства храмов в этом стиле. Показано их территориальное распределение по регионам страны. Отмечается сплошное поле их распространения, равномерно убывающего от центра к периферии. Выявлено, что процесс освоения стиля классицизма массово происходил на тех же территориях, где уже был освоен предыдущий ему стиль барокко.

The article considers the process of mastering the style of classicism in Russian church architecture of the XVIII-XIX centuries. For the first time, quantitative dynamics is shown and the main periods of the construction of temples in this style are highlighted. Their territorial distribution by regions of the country is shown. There is a continuous field of their propagation, uniformly decreasing from the center to the periphery. It is revealed that the process of mastering the classicism style took place en masse in the same territories where the previous Baroque style had already been mastered.
Methods for evaluating compactness of planning structures
Authors: Мазаев Григорий Васильевич
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматриваются методики определения степени компактности планировочных структур различных авторов. Показаны недостатки методик, предлагающих замену реальной формы плана на условную, не позволяющую дать точную оценку компактности. Приведены методики оценки компактности, применяемые в землепользовании. Даны две авторские методики на основе показателя деформации плана и по методу сравнения с компактной формой, соответствующей по размеру

The article discusses methods for determining the degree of compactness of planning structures of various authors. The disadvantages of the methods offering to replace the real form of the plan with a conditional one, which does not allow an accurate assessment of compactness, are shown. The methods of assessing compactness used in land use are given. Two author‘s methods are given based on the deformation index of the plan and by the method of comparison with a compact form corresponding to the size of the area of a real city.
The traditional architecture of Pier Luigi Nervi and its popularity in USSR
Authors: Тозон Кристиан
Published: August 2022

Статья анализирует особенности проектного подхода известного итальянского архитектора Пьера Луиджи Нерви. Доказано, что исходное инженерное образование влияло на все архитектурные решения Нерви, использовавшего традиционные и классические типы в качестве формальной основы сооружений из бетона 1930-1960-х годов. В этом смысле П. Л. Нерви не может считаться архитектором-модернистом, поскольку в первую очередь его интересует «следование природе», а не отрицание архитектурной классики. Такой подход обусловил популярность П. Л. Нерви среди советских архитекторов времен «оттепели».

The article analyzes the features of the design approach of the famous Italian architect Pier Luigi Nervi. It is proved that the initial engineering education influenced all architectural decisions of Nervi, who used traditional and classical types as the formal basis for concrete structures of the 1930s and 60s. In this sense, P. L. Nervi cannot be considered a modernist architect, since he is primarily interested in «following nature», and not in denying the architectural classics. This approach led to the popularity of P. L. Nervi among Soviet architects during the «thaw».
Methods of the organization of architectural environment in extreme Arctic conditions
Authors: Савинова Валерия Анатольевна
Published: August 2022

В статье проводится сравнение двух различных архитектурных подходов к адаптации человека в Арктике - отгороженного и инклюзивного. Анализируются примеры организации архитектурной среды на протяжении четырех исторических этапов освоения Арктики. Сравниваются зарубежный и отечественный опыт организации архитектурной среды на примере научно-исследовательских станций.

The article compares two different architectural approaches to human adaptation in the Arctic - fenced off and inclusive. Examples of the organization of the architectural environment during 4 historical stages of the development of the Arctic are analyzed. Foreign and domestic experience in the organization of the architectural environment is compared on the example of research stations.
Theorems of space properties and variability of compactness in urban design
Authors: Мазаев Григорий Васильевич
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматривается реализация теоретических положений теорем свойств пространства и изменчивости компактности в практике создания градостроительных структур. Показано их влияние на формирование планировочной системы городов. Приведены различные топологические схемы естественного градостроительного пространства, в которых осуществляются города. На примере городов Свердловской области определены параметры изменения компактности, связности и сплошности их градостроительных форм. Введено понятие топологического класса города, определяющего сходство условий естественного градостроительного пространства и достижимых в них параметров компактности.

The article deals with the implementation of the theoretical propositions of the theorems of the properties of space and the variability of compactness in the practice of creating urban structures. Their influence on the formation of the planning system of cities is shown. Various topological schemes of the natural urban planning space in which cities are implemented are given, and the parameters of changes in compactness, connectivity and continuity of their urban planning forms are determined using the example of the cities of the Sverdlovsk region. The concept of the topological class of the city is introduced, which determines the similarity of the conditions of the natural urban space and the compactness parameters achievable in them.
Resource possibilities of the architectural environment for sports
Authors: Ламехова Наталия Владимировна
Published: August 2022

Рассмотрена пространственная структура зданий современных школ, их пространственных возможностей для активной спортивной деятельности учащихся. Выявленные особенности структурных компонентов могут быть применены и к другим образовательным учреждениям - досуговым центрам, дошкольным образовательным учреждениям, специализированным лагерям и т. д. В результате исследования выделены преобладающие методы формирования планировочной структуры отдельных зон для проведения физической деятельности. Определены основные направления развития приведенных пространств.

The spatial structure of buildings of modern schools, their spatial possibilities for active sports activity of students is considered. The identified features of the structural components can be applied to other educational institutions - leisure centers, specialized camps, etc. As a result of the study, the prevailing methods of forming the planning structure of individual zones for physical activity are identified. The main directions of the development of the given spaces are determined.
Рецензия на монографию Т. Быстровой «Малые индустриальные города: актуализация наследия»
Authors: Кривых Михаил Николаевич
Published: August 2022

Монография Т. Быстровой знакомит читателей с актуальнейшей темой потенциала индустриального наследия на материале малых городов Урала. Тема нетривиальной, обоснованной трансформации индустриальных объектов и площадок, учитывающей не только их индивидуальные особенности, но и нужды городов, в которых они расположены, важна для действий специалистов разных направлений, от девелоперов и градостроителей до искусствоведов. Она важна и для самих городов и территорий, имеющих незадействованные или деградирующие индустриальные объекты и ищущих решения для их актуализации. Междисциплинарная, многоаспектная работа автора, прежде представленная в академических форматах статей и научных докладов, здесь адаптирована под нужды современной практики урбанистов, экономистов, представителей администраций.
Azide-Masked and Trehalose-based Fluorescence Turn-On Probe for Mycobacteria
Authors: Liyanage Sajani , Raviranga N. G. Hasitha , Ryan Julia , Shell Scarlet , Ramstrom Olof , Yan Mingdi
Published: August 2022

A fluorescence turn-on probe, an azide-masked and trehalose-derivatized carbazole (Tre-Cz), was developed to image mycobacteria. The fluorescence turn-on is achieved by photoactivation of the aryl azide generating a fluorescent product through an efficient intramolecular C-H insertion reaction. The probe is highly specific for mycobacteria and could image mycobacteria in the presence of other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Both the photoactivation and detection can be achieved using a handheld UV lamp, and bacteria of 103 CFU/mL or higher can be seen by the naked eye. The probe was also able to image mycobacteria spiked in sputum samples, although the detection sensitivity was lower. Studies using heat-killed, stationary phase and isoniazid-treated mycobacteria showed that metabolically active bacteria are required for the uptake of Tre-Cz. The uptake decreased in the presence of trehalose in a concentration dependent manner, indicating that Tre-Cz hijacks the trehalose uptake pathway. Mechanistic studies revealed that the trehalose recycling transporter LpqY-SugABC is the primary pathway for the uptake of Tre-Cz. The uptake was mostly diminished in the LpqY-SugABC deletion mutants ΔlpqY, ΔsugA and ΔsugB. For the mycolyl transferase antigen 85 complex (Ag85), however, only a slight reduction of uptake was observed in the Ag85 deletion mutant ΔAg85C, and no incorporation of Tre-Cz into the mycomembrane was observed.
Electron-beam chemistry in graphene - Effect of environmental SEM parameters on patterning and defect engineering
Authors: Selhorst Ryan , Susner Michael , Muzzio Ryan , Kao I-Hsuan , Carpena-Nunez Jennifer , Islam Ahmad , Katoch Jyoti , Maruyama Benji , Rao Rahul
Published: August 2022

The engineering of defects in low-dimensional materials can enable the modulation of their optical, electrical, thermal, and structural properties. We have previously shown the ability to engineer precision patterned defects in graphene by electron beam irradiation in a controlled water vapor ambient within an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). However, the relationship between instrumental parameters and structural changes in graphene are unexplored. Here, we investigate the relationships between parameters such as pressure, electron dose, and acceleration voltage on the electronic and structural properties of graphene as probed by Raman spectroscopy. There are dependencies on all of the studied parameters but electron dose is the dominant parameter that shows the most intense levels of structural modulation. Interestingly, control of instrumental parameters allows for the precision tailoring of features such as resolution (as determined by the beamskirting effect), doping, and functionalization – all of which make this process powerful for precision tuning of 2D materials and adds an enhanced technique for the development of next-generation electronics.
Predicting Solvent Effects on SN2 Reaction Rates – Comparison of QM/MM, Implicit and MM Explicit Solvent Models
Authors: Taylor Mackenzie , Yu Haibo , Ho Junming
Published: August 2022

Solvents are one of the key variables in the optimisation of a synthesis yield or properties of a synthesis product. In this paper, contemporary solvent models are applied to predict the rates of SN2 reactions in a range of aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. High-level CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2X/6-31+G(d) gas phase energies were combined with solvation free energies from SMD, SM12 and ADF-COSMO-RS continuum solvent models as well as molecular mechanics (MM) explicit solvent models with different atomic charge schemes to predict the rate constants of three SN2 reactions in eight protic and aprotic solvents. It is revealed that popular solvent models struggle to predict their rate constants to within 3 log units of experimental values and deviations as large as 7.6 log units were observed. Amongst the implicit solvent models, the ADF-COSMO-RS model performed the best in predicting absolute rate constants with an average accuracy of 1.5 log units while the SM12 and CGenFF/TIP3P MM explicit solvent models were most accurate in the prediction of relative rate constants in different solvents due to systematic error cancellation. Free energy barriers obtained from umbrella sampling with explicit solvent QM/MM simulations led to excellent agreement with experiment provided that a validated level of theory is used to treat the QM region.
Enabling Solution Processible COFs through Suppression of Precipitation during Solvothermal Synthesis
Authors: Khalil Safiya , Meyer Matthew D. , Alazmi Abdullah , Samani Mohammad H. K. , Huang Po-Chun , Barnes Morgan G. , Marciel Amanda B. , Verduzco Rafael
Published: August 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, nanoporous materials of interest for various applications. However, current COF synthetic routes lead to insoluble aggregates which hamper processing and prohibit their use in many applications. Here, we report a novel COF synthesis method that produces a stable, homogeneous suspension of crystalline COF nanoparticles. Our approach involves the use of a polar solvent, di-acid catalyst, and slow reagent mixing procedure at elevated temperatures which all together enable access to crystalline COF nanoparticle suspension that does not aggregate or precipitate when kept at elevated temperatures. On cooling, the suspension undergoes a thermoreversible gelation transition to produce crystalline and highly porous COF materials. We demonstrate that this method enables the preparation of COF monoliths, membranes, and films using conventional solution processing techniques. We show that the modified synthesis approach is compatible with various COF chemistries, including both large- and small-pore imine COFs, hydrazone-linked COFs, and COFs with rhombic and hexagonal topology, and in each case, we demonstrate that the final product has excellent crystallinity and porosity. The final materials contain both micro- and macropores, and the total porosity can be tuned through variation of sample annealing. Dynamic light scattering measurements reveal the presence of COF nanoparticles that grow with time at room temperature, transitioning from a homogeneous suspension to a gel. Finally, we prepare imine COF membranes and measure their rejection of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers and oligomers, and these measurements exhibit size-dependent rejection of PEG solutes. This work demonstrates a versatile processing strategy to create crystalline and porous COF materials using solution processing techniques and will greatly advance the development of COFs for various applications.
Collaborative Governance Dalam Program Riset Teknologi Kendaraan Listrik
Authors: Nurron Ona Martha , Nurasa Heru , Halimah Mas
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the empirical phenomenon of the research consortium of the National Research Program on Electric Vehicle Technology at the Research Organization of Engineering Sciences (OR-IPT), the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) within the framework of governance theory. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out by interview and study policy documents. Sources of data include the Program Coordinator, document monitoring and evaluation reports on program implementation, minutes of technical meetings, and results of previous research. This study found that collaborative collaboration on the research consortium of the National Research Program on Electric Vehicle Technology at the Research Organization of Engineering Sciences (OR-IPT), the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) can reduce research costs effectively and efficiently, as well as supporting the availability of human resources, expertise and infrastructure.
Conditions for successful regulatory negotiations: Focusing on the case of ‘Hangeoreum Model’ as a social compromise mechanism for introducing new business
Authors:   The Korea Association Of Governance Studies, Kim Haklin
Published: August 2022

The ‘hangeoreum model’ can be said to be the first attempt at the government level systematically designed to resolve conflicts of interest following the introduction of new businesses through regulatory negotiation. Regulatory negotiation is a representative regulatory conflict prevention mechanism used in the United States and other advanced countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities and challenges of regulatory negotiations in Korean society by comparing and analyzing three cases carried out under the name of ‘hangeoreum model’ in 2020. In particular, this study analyzed the conditions for success in regulatory negotiations by focusing on the active role of government agencies based on the strategic choice theory. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that regulatory negotiations can be sufficiently subject to strategic choices as one of the regulatory policy decisions that the government can choose from in Korean society. In successful regulatory negotiations, it is necessary to in-depth review of policy characteristics before selecting regulatory negotiations as a method for determining regulatory policy. It was found that sharing a vision and adjusting the level of reasonable performance are very important. In addition, it is desirable to establish a cooperative system between government department and to play the role of the convener department as a process manager in charge of the entire regulatory negotiation process, and the regulatory department as a stakeholder focusing on the development of rational regulatory policies.
Study of the Component Composition of the Mentha Asiatica Essential Oil by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors:   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russian Federation, Mashchenko P. S. , Sakhratov V. A. ,   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russian Federation, Kalikina I. Yu. ,   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russian Federation, Malkova T. L. ,   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: August 2022

Medicinal plant raw materials have always been actively used in traditional and folk medicine. This is due to the wide range of medicinal plants therapeutic effect. Due to its therapeutic effect, Mentha asiatica Boriss is widely applied in the Republic of Tajikistan. It is used in the treatment of headaches, respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal tract disorders. To achieve the necessary level of pharmacological effect, it is necessary to take into account that the component composition of biologically active substances can change at different stages of plant development. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the component composition of Mentha asiatica essential oil at the stage of budding and flowering. Materials and methods: Samples of the Mentha asiatica essential oil were obtained during budding and flowering to conduct the study by method 1 of the State Pharmacopoeia XIV edition. The chemical composition of Mentha asiatica essential oils was studied by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on Agilent 7890 A gas chromatograph with Agilent 5975C mass-selective detector. As a result, components such as limonene, eucalyptol, menthone, pulegone and isopulegone were found in the essential oil of flowering Mentha asiatica. Limonene, caryophyllene, carvone, trans-dihydrocarvone, and beta-bourbonene were found in samples of Mentha asiatica essential oil at the budding stage. It was found that all identified biologically active compounds have a wide range of therapeutic effects. Therefore, detailed studies of the Mentha asiatica essential oils pharmacological activity are of importance.
Proctalgia Fugax from the Perspective of a Gastroenterologist-Coloproctologist. The First Thematic Literature Review in Russia
Authors:   Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russian Federation, Lomonosov A. L. , Lomonosov D. A. ,   Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russian Federation, Abdullaeva D. F. ,   Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russian Federation, Voevodina V. A. ,   Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russian Federation, Frolov A. S. ,   Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russian Federation
Published: August 2022

The prevalence of Proctalgia fugax (PF) in the population ranges from 4 to 18%, with functional PF (FPF) occurring in 5,6% of cases. It is necessary to identify FPF using the MDCalc medical calculator, questionnaires. The coloproctologist should exclude non-functional proctalgia (NPF) and functional PF (FPF), coccygodynia, organic diseases of the pelvic organs. Patients with NPF, NPF, coccygodynia should be examined and treated by doctors of narrow specialties. Treatment of patients with NPF in combination with puborectal nerve neuritis (PRNN), changes in the spine, bone structures and pelvic organs should be carried out by narrow specialists (neurologist, neurosurgeon, orthopedist, gynecologist, urologist). The most common cause of FPF is intraanal sphincter hypertrophy (IASH), which is treated by relaxing the IAS. Treatment of patients with FPF in combination with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should be carried out in accordance with the Roman Criteria 4 (RC4). A psychogastroenterologist should conduct research and treatment of patients with PF and with mental health disorders. The study and treatment of patients with PF of unclear etiology should be carried out after a consultation of doctors based on the modern concept of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGR) – violations of the brain-intestine relationship and the use of an algorithm.
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kreatif Masyarakat Melalui Pembuatan Dendeng Ikan Layang Di Kelurahan Jambula
Authors: Nursanti Abdullah  , Eko S.Wibowo  , M.Irfan  , M.Abjan Fabanjo  , Sudirto Malan  , Mesrawati Sabar
Published: August 2022

Serving fish is one type of fish that has economic value and is included in the resources of small pelagic fish. In North Maluku, Ternate, scad fish are caught using pajeko and bagang fishing gear, the catches obtained by fishermen are directly sold without any processing. Therefore, the activity of empowering the creative economy of the community through training in making scad fish jerky aims to increase knowledge and skills about processing scad fish into products that are durable and quality is maintained and get products that have different flavors. In this activity, the participants came from Jambula Village, District of South Ternate City, which consisted of 25 people and consisted of 3 business groups. The method of carrying out this activity is by practicing surgery, washing, drying, mixing spices and blanching and drying carried out by participants by utilizing the materials provided. The results obtained from this activity are that the participants can master the technology of processing fish into processed products that have different tastes, and can improve the community's economy.
Mencari Hukum yang Berkeadilan bagi Anak melalui Diversi
Authors: Rr. Putri A. Priamsari
Published: August 2022

According to UNICEF, no less than 4000 Indonesian children are brought to court every year with reports of relatively minor crimes such as theft, persecution, spreading hoaxes and others. Where children who are faced with the law generally are not accompanied by legal counsel or social services. Indonesia has had a umbrella act in protecting children's welfare, namely Law Number 4 of 1979 concerning Child Welfare which was then followed by Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection which has now been replaced with Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection as implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, New York). Taking into account that the handling of child cases dealing with the law must really guarantee the protection of the best interests of the child and must aim at the creation of Restorative Justice, both for Children and Victims of Children and to create Restorative Justice, before resorting to judicial proceedings at the prosecution level General must strive for Diversion. Provisions regarding this diversion are also regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2014 concerning Diversion. The enactment of the 2014 PERMA is intended so that juvenile justice in Indonesia can be carried out more efficiently, while still considering its welfare.
Tinjauan Tentang Hukum Pidana Pemilu dan Formulasi Pertanggungjawaban dalam Tindak Pidana
Authors: Muridah Isnawati
Published: August 2022

Accountability in the act of vote is inseparable from unsuccessful acts of election. Complications of problems that exist in elections, participation that does not involve parties involved in vote problems. Accountability for resolving vote actions must find the best formula in order to minimize the settlement that occurs in elections. Potential to avoid failure can occur before voting, during voting and after voting. The right formulation is needed as part of the anticipatory steps towards vote action. Collateral for anticipatory measures can be considered as part of a policy on crime prevention (criminal policy). In this case the formulation policy in the accountability of vote follow-up must be formulated coherently and integratively, with the basic principles needed in the administration of elections. For this reason, it is necessary to formulate accountability for election crimes that are eligible, effective and efficient, and transparent. This review of the formula for accountability for election can make the material for evaluating the policy formulation in the election follow-up.
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MİPO) in veterinary orthopedics
Authors: ÇOKCOŞKUN YILMAZ Çağıl , YARDIMCI Cenk
Published: August 2022

The current increase in the numbers of fracture treatment by plate osteosynthesis in veterinary medicine is leading to the production of specific plates for different types of fractures. Recent studies about fracture healing show that MIPO procedure is superior for faster union and healing by decreased contamination risk, faster return of function, lower complication rates and blood supply preservation. By now, indirect reduction technics are more valuable in preservation of the biological structure of bone than full anatomic reduction techniques. Day by day, MIPO becomes more popular in veterinary orthopedics. Basicly the method is applying a plate without opening the fractured area to make a bridging between the proximal and distal metaphysis/diaphysis of the fragments. The success of the procedure relies on the type of the fracture and the fracture area. The procedure can be applied especially diaphyseal segmental fractures with success but to be avoided in articular fractures. The procedure has been being used usually in the diaphyseal tibial and radial fractures of the cats and dogs. But nowadays it has started to be used in femoral and humeral fractures as well. The disadvantages of the procedure is the difficulty of the application and the need of the intraoperative radiography or fluoroscopy for the correct positioning of the fractures.