bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purpose, Pedagogy and Philosophy: “Being” an Online Lecturer
Authors: Coker Helen
Published: November 2018

Instructing online has become an increasingly common aspect of a university lecturer’s role. While research has developed an understanding of the student learning experience, less attention has been paid to the role of the lecturer. This study observed the practice of university lecturers teaching in a range of undergraduate degree programmes in the United Kingdom. The lecturers’ purpose, pedagogy, and philosophy emerged in the dialogic patterns of the online space. Practice was shaped by the lecturers’ epistemological positioning and their cultural values and beliefs. The practice, which was observed across different modules, reflected the different positions lecturers took when they approached online teaching. The research highlights the way in which a lecturers’ purpose, pedagogy, and philosophy are reflected in their online facilitation.
Sustainability of Open Education Through Collaboration
Authors: De Langen Frank
Published: November 2018

The definition of openness influenced the sustainability of business models of Open Education (OE). Yet, whether openness is defined as the free (re)usage of resources, or the free entry in courses, there always is a discussion on who pays for the resources used in these offerings. The free offering of courses or materials raises the question if OE can be maintained independent of large government subsidies. This article analyzes four cases that each have a different approach to OE and (financial) survival. The aim of this study is to determine the most efficient conditions for a sustainable OE business model.Instead of using different earning models, this research concentrates on the different aspects of unbundling (costs, income, and financiers), arguing that an adjusted Business Model Canvas can be used to analyze the not-for-profit organizations in higher education institutions (HEIs). The cases are OpenupEd, FemTechNet, MERLOT, and Lumen Learning. Openness plays different roles in the business models of the different organizations. For OpenupEd and MERLOT, openness of the materials offered to students and teachers (MOOCs, OER) is essential. For FemTechNet, openness is part of the need to collaborate and share within their community. Commercial organizations, such as Lumen Learning, use free materials to teach educational organizations to use these materials for their own courses. All four organizations use different key activities and key resources (for example, management competencies, social skills, or design and teaching skills) for their continuity. Yet, despite the differences between the case-organizations, community building is important in all cases. Either because producers and users of Open Education become identical, because standardization does decrease costs and increases findability and quality, or because they can bridge the difference between supply and competences necessary for usage of Open Education.
Characterization of the Reasons Why Brazilian Science Teachers Drop Out of Online Professional Development Courses
Authors: Luz Maurício Roberto Motta Pinto da , Rolando Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro , Salvador Daniel Fábio , Sousa André
Published: November 2018

Teachers face different challenges and opportunities through distance education. We used a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to investigate the factors leading in-service science teachers to quit online courses. No differences were found between persistent and drop-out teachers based on their sociodemographic data and their technological skills. The dropout rates were unrelated to courses’ contents or duration. A follow-up procedure revealed that a heavy workload and technological issues accounted for most of the reasons teachers left courses. We conclude that financial incentives and reduced workload are key factors that could minimize attrition and increase persistence among Brazilian teachers.
Mitigating Suburban English Writing Teachers’ Constrained Professional Development Through Distance Education: One Case Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong
Published: November 2018

This study reports on how a Chinese suburban English writing teacher responded to systemic functional linguistics (SFL)-based distance education. The study draws on qualitative content analyses of the teacher’s reflections, interviews, and classroom interactions. The results show that through SFL-based distance education, the teacher, interacting with his agency, overcame multiple constraints and developed academically in terms of how to understand valued academic writing. Additionally, the teacher also harnessed this newfound knowledge to support students’ socialization into academic English discourse. The study concludes the effectiveness of SFL-based distance education for English writing teachers in similarly constrained contexts, which could be enhanced by teachers’ agency. Implications of the study include synergizing the SFL-based curriculum with distance teacher education so that language educators can better assist students in gaining the knowledge needed for navigating academic English literacy.
MOOCs and OER in the Global South: Problems and Potential
Authors: King Monty , Pegrum Mark , Forsey Martin
Published: November 2018

This paper examines the problems and potential of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Open Education Resources (OER) in the global South. Employing a systematic review of the research into the use of open online learning technologies in Southern contexts, we identify five interrelated themes emerging from the literature: 1) access to the Internet; 2) participant literacies; 3) online pedagogies; 4) the context of content; and 5) the flow of knowledge between North and South. The significance of Southern voice and participation is addressed in the final section, which concludes that on balance, the literature offers a qualified endorsement of the potential and actualities of MOOCs and OER in the global South. The ongoing tendency for the research literature to pay little heed to the agency of the social actors with the most to gain from these innovations is noted, opening up space for further research into the lived experience of online learners in the global South.
FORMATION OF EPISODIC THINKING SKILLS AMONG STUDENTS – FUTURE DIRECTORS OF AMATEUR THEATRES
Authors: KOZODAYEV Pavel Igorevich
Published: November 2018

We consider the process of formation of episodic thinking skills among students of “Amateur Theatre Management” Specialty. We regard episodic thinking as one of the most important quality characteristic of director profession. Hence we give the general definition of this notion and its constituent terms “thinking” and “episode” on the grounds of analysis of the attitude towards episodic thinking of famous theorist and experts of theatrical art. The process of training future directors of amateur theatres is presented in the context of gradual comprehension of episodic thinking bases: from elementary training exercises and sketches to individual director’s fragments. We also emphasize pedagogical techniques, definite criteria of student’s training activity assessment which are directed upon effective formation of episodic thinking skills through mastering episodic line and constructing episodic structure of dramatic composition. We give examples and describe potential results of intrapersonal change of students due to relevant pedagogical accentuation on the process of formation of episodic thinking skills among students – future directors of amateur theatres.
TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE TO NON-LANGUAGE FACULTIES' ACADEMIC STAFF
Authors: TIKHONOVA Evgeniya Vladimirovna , BELOV Danil Nikolaevich , SHEVCHENKO Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2018

The process of teaching university lecturers foreign language professional discourse is shown, the aim and objectives of education are defined, and the importance of choosing proper educational content is specified. The significance of professional knowledge as to its capability to form lecturer's professional language competence in accordance with the modern state of scientific knowledge is proven. The necessity of taking into account specifics of lecturer's professional activities and including professional knowledge in the educational content is proven, and its components are defined. The principles which form the model of teaching university lecturers in the context of profession-oriented educational process, and the competency-based, cognitive, and student-centered approaches, are examined in detail. The components of educational content in teaching foreign languages are stated, representing the basis of foreign language education, centering on professional activity. Currently many Russian universities in an attempt to internationalize face the problem of high-quality education and right selection of academic staff, who can speak English at the required level. This situation is determined by the necessity of linguistic support of the education process (lectures in foreign languages, training international students) and research work (searching and studying sources in foreign languages, cooperation with foreign researchers etc.). Non-languages faculties of Russian universities are experiencing the lack of specialists, who have the required level of English (developing and presenting lecture courses, work programs, evaluation methods, laboratory works). So the whole range of the problems forms the relevance of the study. As the primary research method experienced teachers training is used.
ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE SYSTEM
OF INCLUSIVE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: KONOVALOV Aleksey Yurevich , KONOVALOV Yuriy Nikolaevich , OSMANOV Esedulla Mallaalievich
Published: November 2018

The formation of a new ideology, legislation and practice in the field of inclusive professional education of disabled people is developed in Tambov Region under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Educational and Methodical Center. The center of this model is the basic professional educational organization (Tambov Regional State Autonomous Professional Educational Institution “Training College of Field Technologies”), which provides support for the functioning of the system of inclusive professional education of people with disabilities. In the regional state professional organizations there are 169 students of the disabled people and 134 people with disabilities. The socio-demographic characteristics of persons with disabilities who study in the conditions of the Center of Inclusive Education (structural subdivision of the Training College of Field Technologies) are considered. The studied characteristics will allow to use them for events to develop adaptive physical education in secondary professional education.
MODEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE IN COLLECTIVE VISIBLE ACTIVITY
Authors: KARPOVA Svetlana Ivanovna , SAVENKOVA Tatyana Dmitrievna , PARKHIMOVICH Zarina Viktorovna
Published: November 2018

The problem of the development of emotional intelligence and social competence in childhood is a new direction of scientific research in pedagogical psychology and pedagogy, which is at the stage of formation. The lack of unity of views on the problem of emotional intelligence in the scientific community generates many interpretations of this phenomenon. Relying on the concept of social competence of the famous Russian scientist A.I. Savenkov, who defines emotional intelligence as an integral part (substructure) of social competence, we substantiate the potential of various forms of organization of joint activities of children and propose a model for the development of emotional intelligence and social competence of older preschool children in collective visual activity. Interaction of children in different forms of joint visual activity provides teachers and psychologists with a rich base for empirical observation of behavioral manifestations of emotional intelligence, the evaluation of which is very important for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. The implementation of the model will allow to update all the basic parameters of emotional intelligence and social competence (cognitive, emotional, behavioral), to contribute to the development of the content of procedures for identifying and quantifying each of the basic parameters, as well as the methods for their diagnosis and development in the course of activities of different subject-matter (artistic, research and etc.).
Forecasting Performances of the Reduced Form VAR and Sims-Zha Bayesian VAR Models when the Multiple Time Series are Jointly Influenced by Collinearity and Autocorrelated Error
Authors: Adenomon Monday Osagie , Oyejola Benjamin Agboola
Published: November 2018

The goal of VAR or BVAR is the characterization of the dynamics and endogenous relationships among time series. Also the VAR models are known for their applications to forecasting and policy analysis. This paper compare the performance of VAR and Sims-Zha Bayesian VAR models when the multiple time series are jointly influenced by different levels of collinearity and autocorrelation in the short term (T=16, 32, 64 and 128). Five levels (-0.9,-0.5, 0,+0.5,+0.9) of collinearity and autocorrelation were considered and the results from the simulation study revealed that VAR(2) model dominated for no and moderate levels of autocorrelation (-0.5, 0, +0.5) irrespective of the collinearity level except in few cases when T=16. While the BVAR models dominated for high autocorrelation levels (-0.9 and +0.9) irrespective of the collinearity level except in few cases when T=128. The performance of the models varies at different levels of the collinearity and autocorrelated error, and also varies with the short term periods. Furthermore, the values of the RMSE and MAE criteria decrease as a result of increase in the time series length. In conclusion, the performance of the forecasting models depend on the time series data structure and the time series length. It is therefore recommended that the data structure and series length should be considered in using an appropriate model for forecasting.
Capital social y asimilación ocupacional de los migrantes internos en Perú
Authors: Campos Ugaz Daniela Mía
Published: November 2018

A migração interna é um dos fenômenos que moldaram a população peruana, a economia e a geografia no século passado. Este estudo baseia-se na premissa de que a migração é um processo complexo que pode ter efeitos diferentes sobre as pessoas, dependendo de uma variedade de fatores. Isso torna-se particularmente relevante se o objetivo é avaliar o desempenho dos migrantes em um mercado rígido, como o mercado de trabalho. Assim, são propostos mecanismos, como o contributo da sociedade civil e outros arranjos institucionais, que podem oferecer uma série de benefícios e serviços aos seus membros quando os mercados não são perfeitos, como no caso das eleições profissionais. Portanto, o presente estudo mostra como o capital social intervém na assimilação ocupacional de migrantes internos no Peru. Um modelo teórico simples é apresentado em que se afirma que dois tipos de capital social (étnico e adquirido) podem oferecer diferentes tipos de serviços aos seus membros, dependendo do nível de complementaridade do mesmo com o nível educacional e o tempo que o migrante permanece no local de destino (migrantes recentes e estabelecidos). Fazendo uso do Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (2014) e uma estimativa por logit multinomial, descobriu-se que o capital social étnico aumenta a probabilidade de realizar uma ocupação elementar apenas para migrantes recentes e que o capital social adquirido aumenta a probabilidade de desempenhar uma ocupação altamente qualificada para migrantes estabelecidos.
DO BUSINESS CYCLE REGIMES MATTER IN FINANCIAL PORTFOLIO CHOICE?
Authors: Apergis Nicholas
Published: November 2018

This study investigates how business cycles regimes can explain financial portfolio decisions across investors and countries, given a number of idiosyncratic characteristics. In particular, the empirical strategy studies the relationship between risky asset shares and linear and nonlinear business cycles. The empirical part employs data from household surveys in the U.K., France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand for the period of 1998 to 2012. The analysis provides evidence that while a linear framework does not provide a statistically significant association between business cycles and decisions in risky investments, a nonlinear business cycles context leads investors to decrease their risky investments stronger during recessions than they increase them during booms, lending support to the hypothesis of interaction between financial risks and other determinants. The results are expected to signal interesting flashing points not only to market participants and portfolio managers, but mainly to policy makers and the way their economic policy decisions affect the working of financial markets.
UNDERSTANDING INDONESIA’S MACROECONOMIC DATA: WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS?
Authors: Sharma Susan Sunila
Published: November 2018

Unit root properties of macroeconomic data are important for both econometric modelling specifications and policy making. The form of variables (whether they are a unit root process) helps determine the correct econometric modelling. Equally, the form of variables helps explain how they react to shocks (both internal and external). Macroeconomic time-series data are often at the forefront of shock analysis and econometric modelling. There is a growing emphasis on research on Indonesia using time-series data; yet, there is limited understanding of data characteristics and shock response of these data. Using an extensive dataset comprising 33 macroeconomic time-series variables, we provide an informative empirical analysis of unit root properties of data. We find that regardless of data frequencies the empirical evidence of unit roots is mixed, some series respond quickly to shocks others do take time, and almost every macroeconomic data suffers from structural breaks. We draw implications of these findings.
The Role and Liability of Certification Organisations in Transnational Value Chains
Authors: Glinski Carola , Rott Peter
Published: November 2018

Certification organisations have become important players in the monitoring of compliance with social and environmental standards. This is particularly the case in relation to corporate operators producing in or sourcing from developing countries. At the same time, some of the worst industrial disasters in recent years, such as the Ali Enterprises factory fire in Pakistan or the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh, occurred after the relevant operators had been certified for their compliance with standards. This raised doubts about the care that the relevant certification organisation had exercised. This article explores potential grounds on which corporate social responsibility (CSR) certification organisations may incur liability towards third parties, in particular employees of subsidiaries or suppliers. To this end, it discusses the functions of certification generally before it analyses the potential liability of certification bodies under German and English law. It considers various circumstances under which certification takes place, including certification that is required by law, certification that is required to obtain certain benefits, such as tax reductions, certification within private CSR schemes and the entirely voluntary use of CSR certification as an instrument of supply chain control.
Assessing the Social and Economic Impacts of Oilfield Closure and Decommissioning
Authors: Snashall David
Published: November 2018

In recent years the mining industry has become intensely focused on managing closure impacts; environmental, social and economic. The industry has developed a range of techniques for this work. The oil and gas industry, however, has tended to focus on the the cost and environmental impacts of decommissioning with less consideration of social and economic issues.

The objective of this paper is to review the nature of social and economic impacts resulting from the closure of operational oilfields that come with decommissioning. It will investigate the application of closure impact assessment techniques from mining to the oil and gas industry.

The paper draws on project experience and review the literature to identify the likely range of social and economic impacts from oilfield closures, and the recommended processes for managing these impacts. A comparison will be undertaken with guidance from the mining industry. The range and nature of impacts will be compared to the mining industry and the application of mining industry impact assessment tools will be assessed for use of oilfield closure projects.

The paper identifies an appropriate range of techniques of closure impact assessment for the oil industry. It draws on techniques from the mining industry and customises them for application to the oil industry.
Decommissioning of Kapal Wellbay Module, its Support Structure and MOPU Mobile Producer 1
Authors: Alwi Zakri
Published: November 2018

This paper comprises of the management, coordination, engineering, planning and execution of the decommissioning works for two (2) projects by Redtech Offshore for Vestigo Petroleum & Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS).

Section 1 in this paper comprises of the scope of work, methods / procedures / process, results, challenges, problem statement, lessons learned, and photos of work activities of Redtech Offshore's first decommissioning project, The Provision of Engineering, Preparation, Removal, and Disposal (EPRD) of Kapal Wellbay Module and its Support Structure. This project consists of two (2) campaigns; Campaign one (1) is to remove and dispose the conductor supported platform and its sub structure - WSS Kapal, and Campaign two (2) involves the disconnection and recovery of flexible flowline connected to Mobile Offshore Production Unit (MOPU) Energy Producer (EP) 5, and recovery of eight (8) lengths of mooring chain and anchor of Floating, Storage and Offloading (FSO) Duta Pacific.

Section 2 consists scope of work, methods, results, challenges, problem statement, lessons learned, and photos of work activities for the second decommissioning project, Demobilization of MOPU Mobile Producer (MP) 1. It consists of two (2) phases; Phase one (1): Perform debris removal and inspection of mud mat by workclass remote operated vehicle (ROV) – using Flooded Members Detection (FMD). Meanwhile, Phase two (2) consists of the following; i. Testing, jacking, towing and jack-up MOPU MP 1 at designated warm stacking area and, ii. Rig down and sea fasten flareboom and submersible pump.
Malaysia's First Subsea Fields Abandonment
Authors: Ho Chooi Yee
Published: November 2018

This paper covers the End-of-Field Life management and abandonment planning for four subsea fields. Scope includes end-to-end planning from confirming cessation of production with the Regulator, to Abandonment Planning, actual Implementation and Execution.

PETRONAS Procedures and Guidelines for Upstream Activities (PPGUA), Company internal guidelines and Industry Practices are available for End-of-Field Life management, Abandonment Planning and Execution. These guidelines were used pragmatically in addressing both technical and non-technical challenges on these four fields, including but not limited to PSC Obligations and Regulatory Compliance, Selection of Abandonment Concept, Execution Strategy, etc. The lack of experience in subsea field abandonment provided a unique opportunity for collaboration among industry players, constructive challenges, and the acceptability of new ideas including ways of working, processes and implementation of rules/guidelines.

There are six subsea wells in these four fields, in different water depths, some of which are in a cluster while others are not. The scope and timeline for each was evaluated on individual basis to draw alignment with its field and PSC-specific requirements; some are thereafter bundled together into a campaign to gain efficiency and savings via a broader synergy approach.

Two broad scopes were considered: Wells Plug and Abandonment (P&A), and Subsea facilities decommissioning and abandonment. All wells P&A are aligned to industry practice and PPGUA. Field in shallower water was planned for full decommissioning and abandonment with subsea tree removed and recovered; a new diverless flushing tool (developed in collaboration with subsea vendor) was used to clean the pipeline that will be left in-situ. For field in deeper water (more than 100 meters), comparative assessment was carried out and the results support "leave in-situ" concept. Fit-for-purpose Marine Biology assessment was carried out by a local university to support this concept. The plan is to have this abandonment concept presented to the relevant Government Agencies for final approval.
Phase III Well Abandonment Experiences from an Offshore Process Platform in Asia
Authors: Canny Steven A
Published: November 2018

Well slot abandonment in offshore marine facilities is complex, with numerous challenges and interfaces that must be managed effectively to safely execute the project. A significant challenge is in the cutting, hoisting and handling of nested tubulars and conductor sections when they are retrieved to surface. The structural integrity of the tubulars can vary, owing to marine interactions and prevalence of extensive corrosion and, in some cases, connectivity between the annuli and the marine environment. As such, extensive pre-operational engineering and stringent operational control measures are required.

The paper presents a case study of the permanent well slot abandonment of fifteen producing wells and two disposal wells. The facility is located offshore Japan, in a water depth of approximately 500 ft, with the distance from drill floor to mudline being 637 ft. The safe execution of well clean out, tubular-conveyed rotary cutting, and hoisting was undertaken through extensive onshore engineering and project preparation, to prevent personnel or environmental incidents.

The engineering challenges of hoisting over 650 ft. of nested tubulars and conductor are discussed. The mudline adhesion interactions with the conductor requires additional over pull, above the force of the nested string end load. Bespoke hoisting equipment was developed for the project and used upon slipping the nested strings in the rotary, to safely hoist the cut strings, and allow for handling during laydown operations.

Challenges in the structural impairment of the nested strings, due to annular cement being poor or not present are discussed, allied to localized issues such as boring and cutting operations through casing collars or centralizers. An audit of operation times is presented and the incremental efficiency gains and time reductions due to increasing integration of the service company and operator teams, allied to competency increases, are presented.

The project involved the recovery and lay down of over 29,500 ft. of nested tubulars and conductor, during which there were 52 subsurface rotary cuts, 245 boring and pinning operations with 241 surface cuts performed. The project was executed in 62 days, 32% ahead of the operator's project approval for expenditure. The project involved over 26,000 man hours, with no personnel or environmental incidents throughout the project duration.
The Technological Solution for Collecting Samples from Pipe Walls for Subsequent Analysis of Contaminants
Authors: Silakorn Passaworn , Chanvanichskul Chatawut , Punpruk Suchada , Phanichtraiphop Pheerasak , Stuvik Martin , Samorfark Jaroon
Published: November 2018

Contaminants such as mercury in offshore petroleum production are the common problems in Southeast Asia. In the near future, abundant subsea pipelines are to be decommissioned. Leaving pipelines in-situ option is preferable due to less environmental impact - but the question is "How clean is clean in the subsea pipeline?". The tool that can sampling contaminants has been therefore developed. The contaminant levels will determine whether further cleaning is required as part of decommissioning process.

The collection of samples from pipeline internal surface can be achieved by deploying a "Sampling Pig". The sampling pig is driven by pressure to various locations for sample gathering each point. The samples are then sent to laboratory analysis to determine the quantity of contaminants which may be harmful to the environment.

The pig utilizes a drilling mechanism to obtain the samples. It will also record various data including distance, time, pressure, orientation, photo, video and numbers of samples. The tool is self-learning and makes decisions by itself in various conditions based on continuous input references and measurement of motor load current.

The tool was developed to be mechatronic pig that was self-contained and could detect the pipeline surface based on the measurement of motor load current in the firmware. It was programmed to be self-learning and to autonomously make decisions in various conditions based on previous and continuous input references. The intelligent mechanisms and limit sensors could determine drilling depth and ensure the pipeline wall would not penetrated.

The developed sampling was tested in pilot facilities. It could pass 3D pipe bends and function as designed. The sampling was made at the determined locations. 12 samples were kept separately in water-proof containments inside the pig assembly. After sampling operation, samples were retrieved and collected separately. All the collected data were retrieved to a computer to analyze the function and compare to the retrieved samples.

The Intelligent Sampling Pig for 14″ pipeline was therefore successfully developed and tested in the pilot facilities. The way forward of this development is to conduct field trial in the Gulf of Thailand in 2019-2020.

The success of this work allows pipeline operators and/or regulators to evaluate the subsea pipelines that would otherwise require people e.g. saturation divers to access and take samples from the in-situ pipelines so as to make decision if further cleaning or decontamination is required. This sampling pig can then answer the question "How clean is clean in the subsea pipeline?" in the conditions that human cannot access practically and economically.
Operator/Contractor Collaboration Results in Lightweight Drilling Package for Long-Term P&A Campaign
Authors: Jean Christophe Le Guen , Jimmy Ong , Mohamed Izzat Mohamed Yunus
Published: November 2018

Sapura Energy (Drilling Contractor) has developed a lightweight drilling package for a long-term plug and abandonment (P&A) campaign, designed to deal with wellbore uncertainties while remaining light enough to be rigged up on aging platforms. The package was deployed in conjunction with the Sapura Alliance Semi-Tender unit.
Overview of Decommissioning Option Assessment: A Case for Comparative Assessment
Authors: Palandro David , Aziz Azivy
Published: November 2018

The decommissioning of offshore assets has increased in recent years as platforms are reaching the end of their operating life. This trend exists for decommissioning in regulatory environments that are well established, as well as those that are stewarding decommissioning for the first time. Where regulatorily permissible, multiple decommissioning options currently exist for offshore structures. These options can be broadly bucketed into removal to shore, reefing and alternative uses. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is often used to compare the options to determine the best possible outcome. The goal of this work was to assess the different MCDAs in order to promote a single, global methodology.

The first step was to list all existing MCDAs that have been used or promoted to be used for assessing decommissioning options globally. The MCDA models reviewed were: Comparative Assessment (CA), net environmental benefit analysis and best practical environmental option. After identification, each of the MCDA methods were analyzed to understand their process and their real-world applicability.

The results of this review process revealed that the UK Oil & Gas CA is a holistic, clearly defined process that is both rigid in scope and flexible in deployment manner. The CA includes five evaluation criteria: safety, environment, technical, societal and economic. These criteria are further categorized to sub-criteria that are relevant to the asset to be decommissioned, e.g., impacts to other users of the sea. The process is clearly defined and provides a transparent mechanism to engage stakeholders. Further, these criteria are well aligned with the International Maritime Organization's guidance and standards for the non-removal of offshore installations and structures.

This work includes the review of a case study that employed CA in the Gulf of Mexico where the outcome was the successful support for the decommissioning option of horizontal reefing in place.
Well Decommissioning Campaign in Block SK305, Sarawak, Malaysia 7 Production Wells and 9 Suspended Subsea Mud Line Suspension Exploration Wells
Authors: Yusof Muhammad Hatta , Ros Mohamad Ikhranizam , Omar Mohammad Annas
Published: November 2018

This paper will discuss the Case study of well decommissioning campaign in block SK 305, Sarawak, Malaysia which had completed in October 2017. All the seven (7) production wells from 2 platforms and nine (9) suspended subsea (with mudline suspension system, MLS) exploration wells have been successfully abandoned, safely and with very optimum cost.

Many challenges were encountered during planning and execution of the well decommissioning campaign (i.e. well integrity - leaking well, high annulus pressure, facilities integrity and complexity, shallow gas, pipelines and old rig footprint issues, handling tubulars with marine growth, grout cement - dual cemented casing, buried well, etc), and the main challenges as a company is to execute the operation safely with optimum cost, whilst ensuring safe barrier being installed for long term well isolation.

This paper will present: Well Decommissioning Planning, Preparation and Execution at Block SK 305 (Production and suspended Exploration Wells)Major Challenges and Lesson LearntOptimization, Technologies, and Best PracticesCAPROCK P&A Method Application

This paper sharing session will help other operators to understand better on how well decommissioning can be planned and executed, as well as improvement that can be performed in the future.
Rigorous Reporting of Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomised Controlled Trials: Development of a Flow Diagram Template
Authors: Gray Heather , Brady Marian , Bain Brenda , Weir Christopher J. , Keerie Catriona , McQueen Jean
Published: November 2018

Background
Clear, unambiguous reporting of a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trials (SW-CRCTs) is a challenge, requiring attention to at least five reporting guidelines. A recent systematic review on the reporting quality of SW-CRCTs noted that only 24 out of their 39 included studies (61.5%) provided a flow diagram. The available flow diagram templates may be unable to accommodate the range of SW-CRCT designs and reporting requirements, thus hampering reporting standards. We aimed to review the degree to which current flow diagrams used in SW-CRCT reports support comprehensive reporting to standards. In the absence of a suitable model we aimed to develop a flexible SW-CRCT flow diagram template that would support reporting standards and facilitate transparency in the description of our SW-CRCT.
Methods
We identified flow diagrams used in the reporting of 24 SW-CRCTs. We extracted data relating to 22 pre-determined reporting criteria derived from six reporting guidelines relevant to a SW-CRCT that we were conducting. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers entered into Microsoft® Excel and analysed using descriptive statistics and narrative summary.
Results
None of the 24 flow diagrams met all 22 criteria. Nine (38%) reported data only at participant level, three (13%) only at cluster level, 10 (42%) attempted to report on both participant and cluster levels on a single flow diagram, and two of the trials reported information over two separate flow diagrams. Reporting was better at participant rather than cluster level, which was very limited.
Conclusions
Our review of published SW-CRCT flow diagrams has highlighted several limitations. Inflexible models fail to support the reporting of all expected information items to agreed standards. We acknowledge that it is unlikely that one flow diagram model will be applicable to all SW-CRCTs; however, the flexible flow diagram template we developed was used to good effect in our study and ensured that relevant reporting items were elucidated.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01954212. Registered 21st August 2013
Development of the mathematical model of the kinetics of the stationary process of bio-cleaning with substratic inhibition
Authors: Bakharieva Ganna , Petrov Serhii , Falalieieva Tetiana
Published: November 2018

A scientifically sound method for calculating the parameters of bio-cleaning should contain as a basic a reliable mathematical description of the stationary process. The results of stationary laboratory experiments are presented in the coordinates “specific rate of destruction V – concentration ρ”. Statistical processing proves the presence of substrate inhibition for both gaseous and soluble and dissolved harmful substances in water. For an analytical description of the dependence of the biooxidation rate on the concentration of contaminants, a phenomenological approach is applied, taking into account in a simple form two obvious phenomena: the contact of a microorganism with a substrate molecule and the inhibitory effect of the medium on it. The numerical values of empirical dependency coefficients for the studied processes are calculated. A differential equation is proposed at the macro level that describes the kinetics of biochemical destruction. The concept of a macrokinetic mathematical model of bioremediation is defined as a system of two functions that quantitatively reflect the dependence of the specific oxidation rate of pollution on its concentration and concentration on time, as well as satisfying the relationship between the relationships of the same parameters in differential form. The dependence of concentration on time is defined both in the form of a numerical integration algorithm and in the form of an approximate formula. The adequacy and universality of the proposed model for the studied processes is proved. The advantage of the proposed model of substrate inhibition kinetics is the simplicity of the structure of the basic formula and the ease of determining empirical coefficients based on this. In addition to numerical integration for determining the time of destruction, an approximate analytical solution is found, which can be adequately used in the concentration range of the experimental study. Further research is aimed at developing methods for calculating non-stationary processes in biochemical purification plants of certain specific types
Development of complex antioxidant for athletes
Authors: Bilous Olesia
Published: November 2018

Sport of higher achievements requires hard training from athletes in a hard time mode for many years. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the diet of athletes. The aim of this research is development of a complex herbal antioxidant that can be used to increase the quality of the oils, fats and fat-containing products included in the diet. The current state of the use of antioxidants is assessed. The features of plant and synthetic antioxidants are described. The development of antioxidant is carried out from such plant materials as walnut leaves and calendula flowers. The chemical composition of the active antioxidant substances of walnut leaves and calendula flowers is given. The methods used in the work are aimed at obtaining extracts, estimating rational extraction parameters, and testing the antioxidant abilities of the extracts from periods of induction of products with different fatty acid composition. It is also used to plan and process the results of a full factorial experiment, to develop a technology for stabilizing fat-containing products to oxidation processes. It is proved that the developed complex antioxidant can increase the stability of food products to oxidation processes, protecting the product from the accumulation of free radicals. The rational parameters of the process of extraction of antioxidant substances from the studied plant materials are indicated. Data from induction periods, by which the quality of the extracts was assessed, is obtained using the Oxy test device. Synergism between tocopherols and antioxidant substances of walnut leaf extracts and calendula flowers is studied. The effectiveness of the antioxidant in relation to the products of different fatty acid composition is shown, which gives the right to use the antioxidant in a wide range of fat-containing products. A scheme for the stabilization of vegetable oils by the developed antioxidant is proposed. Recommendations on the enrichment of the diet of athletes by developed antioxidant are given
Calculation of safe speed and minimally admissible distance of closing of ships during radar information usage
Authors: Kalinichenko Grygorii , Kalinichenko Yevgeniy
Published: November 2018

Exceeding the safe speed and the minimum allowable distance when ships approach each other is considered as one of the main reasons for their collision, especially when using radar information when sailing in reduced visibility or in confined areas. When assigning a safe speed, among other factors, the rules recommend to take into account the state of visibility of the maneuverable capabilities of the ship, especially the distance required to completely stop the ship, as well as the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of radar equipment. But, besides the quality recommendations in the COLREGs, there are no quantitative estimates of the safe speed and excessive convergence of the ships. Each navigator subjectively assigns a safe speed and determines the minimum allowable approach distance for ships. Therefore, the development of a universal method for calculating safe speed and the minimum allowable distance when using radar information is relevant, and the method itself is effective when used on ships, especially when sailing in difficult navigation areas and with limited visibility. The developed method allows to automate the choice of safe speed and eliminate the subjective factor when it is appointed navigator
The role of innovative methods in combating emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere in shipping
Authors: Lysyy Andriy , Kotenko Vitaliy , Yakovtsev Stanislav
Published: November 2018

The world merchant fleet covers about 90 % of all world trade. Over the past decades, there has been a growth trend and currently stands at 93,262 units, or 1.9 billion tons of deadweight. As the number of fleets grows, so does fuel consumption, which in turn increases emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Currently, annual carbon dioxide emissions are about 800 million tons. According to experts, this figure may double by 2060. International organizations are taking steps to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. After analyzing the main methods of controlling emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from ships and the realities of the modern maritime transport market, it should be noted that more attention should be paid to the problem of inefficient use of energy resources, as well as the development and implementation of innovative technologies in shipping. The irrational use of energy resources is often due to inefficient feedback between the participants in the maritime transport. Creation and development of a program based on a conceptual scheme should reduce the irrational costs of energy resources, which in turn will lead to a decrease in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere in the industry of maritime transportation. The introduction of innovative technologies, and in particular, autonomous ships, needs more attention. Having considered such a project as YARA Birkeland, it should be noted that the development and development of ships with zero emissions should play a key role in solving the problem of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Even in the early stages of developing autonomous ships, it is becoming clear that autonomous ships in synergy with existing concepts such as Slow Steaming can lead to revolutionary changes in environmental issues
Electromagnetic technology of increasing the yield of sunflower
Authors: Chorna Mariia , Milenin Dmytro
Published: November 2018

The article solves the problem of obtaining scientifically based practical and experimental results of increasing the yield and oil content of sunflower seeds, based on the use of information EMF of EHF range for pre-sowing treatment of seeds. The study of the biophysical effects of the electromagnetic field on sunflower seeds was carried out in order to determine the biotropic parameters of the electromagnetic field, which have a stimulating effect on the seeds. For this, a mathematical model of a sunflower seed in the form of a spheroid was developed. For the calculations, the following frequency range of the exciting wave 25–40 GHz was chosen. The choice of this range is due to two circumstances. First, the relative dielectric constant of sunflower seeds in this range practically does not have frequency dispersion. Secondly, the wavelength is commensurate with the characteristic geometrical sizes of the seeds and, therefore, the intensity of the excited electric field inside the seeds resonantly depends on the frequency. The measurement of chemiluminescence was chosen as the response of the biological object. For registration of extremely weak light fluxes of seeds, the photon counting method was chosen, which made it possible to carry out effective measurements of both spontaneous biochemiluminescence and induced information EMF. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, a system was developed for measuring the chemiluminescence of seeds. The purpose of the experiment was clarification of the optimal biotropic parameters of the information EMF, which would provide an increase in yield and quality of sunflower seeds when they are irradiated with EMF. The result of field tests showed the advantage of using electromagnetic technology over other methods of pre-sowing treatment of seeds