bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Continuous Cropping on Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizospheric Soil of Sweet Potato 
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Hu Yaya , Han Meikun , Xu Junjie , Wang Xue , Liu Lanfu , Tang Zhonghou , Jiao Weijing , Jin Rong , Liu Ming , Guan Zhengjun , Ma Zhimin
Published: September 2020

Background: Continuous cropping obstacles from sweet potato are widespread, which seriously reduce the yield and quality, cause certain economic losses. Bacteria of Rhizospheric soil are the richest and are associated with obstacles to continuous cropping. However, few studies on how continuous sweet potato cropping affects the rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure. In the study, Illumina Miseq method was used to explore rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure changes with different sweet potato varieties, and the correlation between soil characteristics and this bacterial community after continuous cropping, to provide theoretical guidance for prevention and treatment of sweet potatoes continuous cropping obstacles. Results: After continuous cropping two years, the results showed that (1) the dominant bacterial phlya in rhizospheric soils from both Xushu18 and Yizi138 were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most dominant genus was Subgroup 6_norank. The relative abundance of rhizospheric soil bacteria of two sweet potato varieties changed significantly. (2) The richness and diversity indexes of bacteria in Xushu18 rhizospheric soil were higher than those from Yizi138 after continuous cropping. Moreover, the beneficial Lysobacter and Bacillus were more prevalent in Xushu18, but Yizi138 contained more harmful Gemmatimonadetes. (3) Soil pH decreased after continuous cropping, and redundancy analysis result indicated that soil pH was correlated significantly with bacterial community. Spearman’s rank correlations coefficients analysis demonstrated that pH was positively associated with Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria, but negatively associated with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.Conclusions: After continuous cropping, the bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties of sweet potato rhizospheric soil were unbalanced, and the changes from different sweet potato varieties were different. The contents of Lysobacter and Bacillus were higher in the sweet potato variety resistant to continuous cropping. It provides a basis for developing new microbial fertilizer for sweet potatoes to alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.
Phages from Ganges River curtail in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a zebrafish infection model
Authors: Sundaramoor Niranjana Sri , Thothathri Subramanian , Bhaskaran Muthu Meenakshi , GaneshPrasad ArunKumar , Nagarajan Saisubramanian
Published: September 2020

Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for curtailing infections caused by multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The objective of the present study is to evaluate phage populations from water bodies to inhibit planktonic and biofilm mode of growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and curtail planktonic growth in vivo in a zebrafish model. Phage specific to K. pneumoniae (MTCC 432) was isolated from Ganges river (designated as KpG). One-step growth curve, in vitro time kill curve study and in vivo infection model were performed to evaluate the efficacy of phage to curtail planktonic growth. Crystal violet assay and colony biofilm assay was done to determine the action of phages on biofilms. KpG phages had a greater burst size, better bactericidal potential and enhanced inhibitory effect against biofilms formed at liquid air and solid air interfaces. In vivo injection of KpG phages revealed that it did not pose any toxicity to zebrafish as evidenced by liver/brain enzyme profiles and by histopathological analysis. In vitro time kill assay showed a 3 log decline and a 6 log decline in K. pneumoniae colony counts, when phages were administered individually and in combination with streptomycin, respectively. The muscle tissue of zebrafish, infected with K. pneumoniae and treated with KpG phages showed a significant 2 log decline in bacterial counts relative to untreated control. Our study reveals that KpG phages has the potential to curtail plantonic and biofilm mode of growth in vivo in higher animal models.
Exosome-loaded conductive hydrogel with immune-modulating and neurogenesis-enhancing properties for synergistic spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Fan Lei , Liu Can , Chen Xiuxing , Zou Yan , Wen Huiquan , Lu Fang , Luo Yian , Tan Guoxin , Yu Peng , Chen Dafu , Wang Qiyou , Zhou Lei , Ning Chengyun
Published: September 2020

Conductive hydrogels are very attractive candidates for accelerated spinal cord injury (SCI) repair because they match the electrical and mechanical properties of neural tissue. However, conductive hydrogel implantation can potentially aggravate inflammation, and hinder its repair efficacy. Bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) have shown immunomodulatory and tissue regeneration effects, therefore, we developed neural tissue-like conductive hydrogels loaded with BMSC-exos for the synergistic treatment of SCI. These exos-loaded conductive hydrogels modulated microglial M2 polarization via the NF-κB pathway, and synergistically enhanced neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) while inhibiting astrocyte differentiation, and also increased axon outgrowth via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, exos combined conductive hydrogels significantly decreased the number of CD68-positive microglia, enhanced local neurogenesis, and promoted axonal regeneration, resulting in significant functional recovery at the early stage in an SCI mouse model. Hence, the findings of this study demonstrate that the combination of conductive hydrogels and BMSC-exos is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
Pentavalent vaccination in rural Kenya: coverage and geographical accessibility to health facilities using data from a community demographic and health surveillance system in Kilifi County.
Authors: Ogero Morris , Orwa James , Odhiambo Rachael , Agoi Felix , Lusambili Adelaide , Obure Jerim , Temmerman Marleen , Luchters Stanley , Ngugi Anthony
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThere is substantial evidence that immunization is one of the most significant and cost-effective pillars of preventive and promotive health interventions. Effective childhood immunization coverage is thus essential in stemming persistent childhood illnesses. The main indicator of performance of the immunisation programme is the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccine for children because it mirrors the completeness of a child’s immunisation schedule. Spatial access to a health facility, especially in SSA countries, is a significant determinant of DTP3 vaccination coverage, as the vaccine is mainly administered during routine immunisation schedules at health facilities. Rural areas and densely populated informal settlements are most affected by poor access to healthcare services. We therefore sought to determine vaccination coverage of DTP3, estimate the travel time to health facilities offering immunisation services, and explore its effect on immunisation coverage in one of the predominantly rural counties on the coast of Kenya.MethodsCoordinates of health facilities, information on land cover, digital elevation models, and road networks were used to compute spatial accessibility to immunizing health facilities for eligible children within the Kaloleni-Rabai Community Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). To explore the effect of travel time on DTP3 coverage, we fitted a hierarchical multivariable model adjusting for other a priori identified confounding factors.ResultsSpatial access to health facilities that offer immunization services significantly affected DTP3 coverage, with travel times of more than one hour to a health facility significantly associated with reduced odds of receiving DTP3 vaccine (AOR= 0.84 (95% CI 0.74 – 0.94).ConclusionIncreased travel time is a significant barrier to the uptake of facility-delivered immunizations in this rural community. To improve immunisation coverage, local health authorities and policy makers in remote settings can use high-resolution maps to identify areas where distance and travel time may impede the achievement of high immunization coverage and identify appropriate interventions. These could include improving the road network, establishing new health centres and/or stepping up health outreach activities that include vaccinations in hard-to-reach areas within the county.
Developing a national set of health equity indicators using a consensus building process
Authors: Wilf-Miron Rachel , Avni Shlomit , Valinsky Liora , Myers Vicki , Ziv Arnona , Peretz Gidi , Luxenburg Osnat , Saban Mor , Feder-Bubis Paula
Published: September 2020

BackgroundConsiderable health disparities documented in Israel between communities, populations and regions, undermine the rights of all citizens to attain the best possible health. The first step towards health equity is to agree on a set of national indicators, reflecting equity in health services provision and health outcomes, and allowing monitoring of the impact of interventions on the reduction of disparities. We sought to describe the process of reaching a consensus on a defined set of national equity indicators. MethodsThe study was conducted between January 2019 and June 2020, in a multistage design: A) Identifying appropriate disparity measures. B) Agreement on the screening criteria and relative weighting. C) Constructing the consultation framework as an on-line, 3-round Delphi technique.ResultsThirty measures of disparity, presented to participants, represented the following domains: Health promotion (11 indicators); acute and chronic morbidity (11), life expectancy and mortality (2), health infrastructures and affordability of care (4); education and employment (2). Three scoring rounds took place between February-May 2020. Of the 77 individuals contacted, 75 (97%) expressed willingness to participate, and 55 (73%) completed all three rounds. The leading ten indicators selected were: Diabetes care, childhood obesity, adult obesity, distribution of healthcare personnel, fatal childhood injuries, smoking, infant mortality, inability to afford care, access to mental health services, and distribution of hospital beds. Agreement among raters, measured as intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.75.ConclusionThe Delphi technique provided a cost–effective, feasible and acceptable method for reaching a consensus with a variety of experts and public representatives. Equity indicators chosen by a broad range of people from different sectors are more likely to be accepted and ultimately implemented. The diverse set of clinical and system indicators should be used to guide governmental decision-making and inter-sectoral strategies, furthering the pursuit of a more equitable healthcare system.
Level of Commitment and associated factors to Use District Health Information System (DHIS2) for decision making among health providers in a resource limited settings: Cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kanfe Shuma Gosha , Mengiste Nebyu Demeke , Tilahun Binyam , Ahmed Mohammedjud Hassen , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie
Published: September 2020

Background: Changing information use culture, one of the transformation agenda of the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, can’t be real unless health providers have commitment to use locally collected data for evidence based decision making. Performance Monitoring Team (PMT) members’ commitment has a very paramount influence on district health information system data (DHIS2) utilization for decision making. Evidence is limited on performance monitoring team members’ commitment to use DHIS2 data. Therefore, this study will fill the evidence gap.Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of commitment and its associated factors among Performance Monitoring Team members to use DHIS2 data for decision making at health facilities in Ilu Aba Bora Zone of Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia 2020G.C.Method: Cross sectional quantitative study supplemented by qualitative methods was conducted to assess commitment level of PMT members’ to use DHIS2 data. A total of 264 participants were approached. SPSS version 20 software was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive and analytical statistics including Bivariable and Multivariable analyses was done. Thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative part Result: Overall 121(45.8%) of the respondents had commitment to use DHIS2 data (95% CI: [40.00, 52.8]). Feedback [AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: (1.02, 3.33)], Supervision [AOR= 2.84, 95% CI: (1.50, 5.37)], Information use culture [AOR=1.92,95% CI: (1.03, 3.59)] ,Motivation [AOR=1.80, 95% CI: (1.00, 3.25)] ,Health need [AOR=3.96, 95% CI: (2.11, 7.41)] and Competency [AOR=2.41, 95% CI:(1.27,4.55)] were variables associated with level of commitment to use DHIS2 data. Conclusion: In general, less than half of the study participants had commitment to use DHIS2 data for decision making. Information use culture, Motivation, Competency, Health need, Supervision and Feedback were the most determinant factors. Providing regular supportive supervision and feedback, increasing motivation and changing attitude will help to bring cultural transformation of data use.
GDM progenies exhibit sex disparity in metabolism after respective therapies of insulin, glibenclamide and metformin in dams during pregnancy
Authors: Lu Yao , Jjang Zhengxuan , Jia Yajing , Liu Juan , Xu Yuxin , Wu Qingsi , Chen Keyang
Published: September 2020

Background： The drug treatments for the pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been concerned with their effects on both mothers and offspring. The aim of this study was to compare the intergenerational effects of insulin, glibenclamide and metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism in the offspring born to GDM mice. Methods: The murine GDM was induced by high fat diet. The offspring were grouped based on the treatments in maternal mice. ITT and GTT were performed at 4th week and 8th week of age, respectively. Serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C plus hepatic levels of TG and TC, were respectively determined by enzymatic kits. Western blotting was conducted to detect related proteins in the livers from offspring. Results: The normalization of the dyslipidemia, hepatic lipid abnormality and insulin insensitivity elicited by the respective therapies of insulin, glibenclamide and metformin during maternal pregnancy still persisted in the male adult offspring. Specifically, the decreases in plasma TC, TG, LDL-C levels (29%, 37.8% and 57.7%, respectively, p˂0.05) and hepatic lipid contents (TC 31.3% and TG 39.2%, p˂0.05), the increases in hepatic phosphorylation levels of AKT, CPT1A ,PPAR- α and PPAR-γ (57.1%, 91.7% , 68% and 173.3%, respectively, p˂0.05) and the inhibition of G6Pase, PEPCK, HMGCS1 (35.7%, 68.8% and 77.3% respectively, p˂0.05) were still observed in the male offspring born to treated GDM mice from 4th to 8th week of age. Unexpectedly, the female progeny born to untreated GDM mice showed an autonomous recovery in glucose and lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Respective treatments in GDM mice during pregnancy with insulin, glibenclamide and metformin have the long-term persisted effects in male offspring, while female progenies born to untreated dams showed an autonomous inhibition of intergenerational relay of glucose and lipid dysregulation. Our current findings may shed a new light into GDM clinical practice.
Characteristics and Outcome of Children Admitted with Sars- Cov-2 Infection: Experiences from a Pediatric Public Hospital in Western India  
Authors: Rao Sudha , Gavali Vrushabh , Prabhu Shakuntala S , Mathur Radhika , Dabre Larissa Robert , Prabhu Sanjay B , Bodhanwala Minnie
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection in children is asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. Clinical characteristics and outcome of children admitted with COVID 19, especially with underlying illnesses, has not been studied. ObjectiveTo study the clinical characteristics and outcome of children admitted, with SARS-CoV-2 infection, to a paediatric multispecialty hospital in Mumbai, the epicentre of the COVID19 pandemic in India. Design and SettingRetrospective observational study of medical records of 969 children admitted between 19 March and 7 August 2020.ParticipantsClinico-demographic characteristics and outcome of COVID 19 positive children admitted during the study period. Variables compared between children who were previously healthy (Group I) and children with co-morbidity (Group II).Main outcomeCOVID 19 disease severity characterisation and factors predicting outcome as discharge or death was studied.Results123 (71M) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive by RT-PCR with median age of presentation of 3 years [IQR 0.7– 6 years]. 47 (38%) had co-morbidities and were more severely affected (p = 0.0146). MIS-C/ KD was common in Group I. Thirty nine (31.7 %) needed intensive care. Fourteen (11.4%) died. Male sex, respiratory manifestation, pulseox saturation <94% at admission, need for ventilation, inotrope, hospital stay of <10 days were independent mortality predictors. Regression analysis revealed oxygen saturation <94% at admission (OR 35.9, 95% CI 1.5-856) and hospital stay <10 days (OR 9.1, 95% CI 1.04 -99.1) as predictors of mortality.ConclusionCOVID 19 in children although considered mild, presence of co-morbidities causes severe disease. Pulseox saturation <94% on admission, hospital stay <10days are predictors of mortality.
Vulnerabilities of High-Security Forensic Psychiatry Residences in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative survey and a proposal for recovery and prevention
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Ferretti Fabio , Carabellese Fulvio , Gualtieri Giacomo , Masti Alessandra , Carabellese Felice , Coluccia Anna
Published: September 2020

Italy is the first European country severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic after the outbreak in Wuhan. In our healthcare context, the closing of forensic psychiatric hospitals in 2014 completed the long transition from a containment approach for offenders with severe mental disorders to a model oriented to recovery and community reintegration. High-Security Forensic Psychiatry Residences (REMS) were implemented by regional health authorities. Within these settings, inpatients with severe psychiatric disorders who committed a criminal offense, without criminal responsibility but still considered socially dangerous, are held, and treated. The current COVID-19 emergency represents a severe stressful event which has a potentially negative impact on the recovery process of the inpatients and on the work-related health of the psychiatric professionals. The present paper consists of two sections. In the first one, we discuss the organizational and clinical issues emerged in the forensic psychiatry system in Italy. We identify vulnerable groups and processes and suggest long-term prevention strategies at both clinical and organizational levels. Within the second section, we present the findings of a qualitative exploratory survey conducted in four different REMS immediately after the stop of the lockdown. Based on a qualitative approach, this survey explored the COVID-19 effects on mental health of REMS inpatients and healthcare workers. Thematic analysis showed five key themes: “Intervention and prevention strategies during the lockdown decision making”; “Inpatients’ reactions to the pandemic”; “Psychological reactions of the healthcare staff”; “Recovery process and relations with community mental health services”; “Lessons for the future learned from the COVID-19”.
Unrecognized liver injury assessed by fibrosis indexes is associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Romero-Cristobal Mario , Clemente Ana , Piñeiro Patricia , Cedeño Jamil , Rayón Laura , Río Julia Del , Ramos Clara , Hernández Diego-Andrés , Cova Miguel , Caballero Aranzazu , Garutti Ignacio , García-Olivares Pablo , Hortal Javier , Guerrero Jose-Eugenio , García Rita , Bañares Rafael , Rincón Diego
Published: September 2020

Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening condition. A previous diagnosis of chronic liver disease is associated with poorer outcomes. Nevertheless, the impact of silent liver injury has not been investigated. We aimed to explore the association of pre-admission liver fibrosis indexes with the prognosis of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Methods Observational study in 214 patients with COVID-19 consecutively admitted to the ICU. Pre-admission liver fibrosis indexes were calculated. In-hospital mortality and predictive factors were explored with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis.Results The mean age was 59.58 (13.79) years. Sixteen patients (7.48%) had previously recognized chronic liver disease. Up to 78.84% of patients according to Forns, and 45.76% according to FIB-4, had more than minimal fibrosis. Fibrosis indexes were higher in non-survivors [Forns: 6.04 (1.42) vs 4.99 (1.58), p < 0.001; FIB-4: 1.77 (1.17) vs 1.41 (0.91), p = 0.020)], but no differences were found in liver biochemistry parameters. Patients with any degree of fibrosis either by Forns or FIB-4 had a higher mortality, which increased according to the severity of fibrosis (p < 0.05 for both indexes). Both Forns [HR 1.41 (1.11-1.81); p = 0.006] and FIB-4 [HR 1.31 (0.99-1.72); p = 0.051] were independently related to survival after adjusting for the Charlson Comorbidity Index, APACHE II and ferritin.Conclusion Unrecognized liver fibrosis, assessed by serological tests prior to admission, is independently associated with a higher risk of death in patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU.
Cyberchondria, Uncertainty, and Psychological Distress among Omanis during COVID-19: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Dameery Khloud Al , Quteshat Mohammed , Harthy Ibtisam Al , Khalaf Atika
Published: September 2020

Background: Frequent surfing on the internet for self-diagnosis and treatment in association with quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic leaves people with uncertainty and psychological distress. The aim was to explore the relationship between cyberchondria, psychological distress, and uncertainty in Oman. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was designed. Data was collected through an online survey from 393 Omani participants using the short-form version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted.Results: The majority of the participants were aged between 18-26 and 45-54 years (32.8% and 30.8% respectively). Almost three-quarters of the participants were female (n= 291, 74%) and half were single (n= 218, 55.5%). No significant associations were found between cyberchondria and the socio-demographic factors or the COVID-19 status. However, significant positive fair correlation was found between cyberchondriac experiences and psychological distress (rs =0.373), and cyberchondria and uncertainty (rs = 0.442).Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind investigating the relationship between cyberchondria, physiological distress, and uncertainty in the Omani population. Policy makers and stakeholders are encouraged to facilitate the reporting and observation of accurate and up-to-date information distributed to the population to avoid misleading information, and thus reduce the distress and uncertainty related to cyberchondriac behaviors.
Pulmonary embolism in patients with severe COVID-19 treated with intermediate- to full-dose enoxaparin
Authors: Scarduelli Cleante , Inglese Francesco , Beccaria Massimiliano , Spreafico Fabio , Garuti Martina , Costanzo Domenica di , Pecoriello Antonietta , Cervi Giulia , Greco Graziana , Squeri Fabrizio , Galavotti Vanni , Donno Giuseppe de , Lucchini Giuseppe , Borghi Claudio
Published: September 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may predispose patients to venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to inflammation, hypoxia, immobilization, and diffuse intravascular coagulation, despite standard thrombopropylaxis. Our retrospective study reports the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with COVID-19 and severe respiratory failure(SRF) treated with intermediate to full-dose enoxaparin. .Methods: This retrospective case series analysed data from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and severe respiratory failure (SRF) admitted to our Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) between February 27 and April 20, 2020 for non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation. All patients received at least intermediate-dose enoxaparin (40 mg twice daily). If PE was suspected or diagnosed, patients were treated with full-dose enoxaparin (1 mg/kg twice daily). Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was used to detect PE in patients with elevated D-dimer levels (> 3000 ng/mL) and/or other clinical indicators, including sudden worsening of cardiopulmonary status.Results: Ninety-two patients (71 males, 21 females; mean age 58 ± 11 years) with COVID-19 pneumonia and SRF (mean arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen [PaO2/FiO2] of 143 ± 45 mm Hg) were admitted to our RICU. Twenty-two patients underwent CTPA (24%), with PEs detected in 11 (12%). Mean PaO2/FiO2 and mean D-dimer levels did not significantly differ between patients with or without PE. Eleven patients (12%) died in the hospital, with a mean age of 70 ± 11 years for deceased patients and 56 ± 11 years for surviving patients (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: PE was diagnosed in 12% of patients despite intermediate to full-dose enoxaparin treatment. However the incidence of PE in our patients was lower than that previously reported. We hypothesize that this reduced PE incidence may have been secondary to the higher than prophylactic enoxaparin dose that was used.
Ground of the modes of agglutination of aspen lead of
Authors: Чубинский А.Н. , Коваленко И.В. , Русаков Д.С. , Варанкина Г.С.
Published: September 2020

Качество формирования клеевых соединений древесины при склеивании шпона зависит от многих факторов, основными из которых являются плотность и влажность древесины, ее поверхностные свойства, вид клея и его характеристики, режимы склеивания. Фанера, склеенная из осинового шпона по применяемым на практике режимам, характеризуется меньшей прочностью, по сравнению с березовой фанерой. Применение древесины осины в промышленном производстве материалов и изделий ограничено из-за ее низких механических свойств, подверженности поражению коррозионно-деструктивной гнили, отсутствия должного обоснования технологии ее переработки. Невостребованная осина осложняет условия хозяйствования в лесу, ухудшает породный состав древостоев, препятствует восстановлению хвойных пород древесины. Прочность склеивания древесины и прочность фанеры возрастает с увеличением давления прессования, однако приводит к увеличению остаточной деформации и вероятности возникновения «пузырей» в склеиваемом пакете шпона. Поэтому обоснование давление прессования и расхода клея для склеивания шпона на основе свойств и строения древесины осины является актуальной задачей. Снижение давления по закону релаксирующих напряжений позволяет уменьшить давление парогазовой смеси в пакете шпона, уменьшает вероятность разрушения клеевого соединения при снятии внешнего усилия. Одним из эффективных способов повышения прочности клеевого соединения является применение лигносульфонатов в качестве модификатора для синтетических смол.

The quality of the formation of adhesive joints when gluing wood veneers depends on many factors, the main ones are the density and moisture content of wood, its surface properties, type of adhesive and its characteristics, bonding modes. Plywood glued veneers of aspen on applied practice modes, characterized by lower strength in comparison with birch plywood. The use of aspen wood in manufacturing of materials and products is limited due to its low mechanical properties, corrosion susceptibility destructive lesion decay, its lack of proper justification processing technology. Unclaimed aspen difficult economic conditions in the forest, degrades the species composition of forest stands and prevents restoration of softwood. The adhesion of wood and plywood strength increases with increasing compaction pressure, however, leads to an increase in permanent deformation, and the likelihood of «bubbles» in the package are glued veneer. That is why the support of the pressing and glue flow pressure for bonding the veneer on the basis of structure and properties of aspen wood is an urgent task. Reducing pressure legally relaxing stress to reduce the pressure of the gas mixture in the veneer package, reduces the probability of failure of the adhesive joint when removing the external force. One effective way of increasing the bonding strength is the use of lignosulfonate as a modifier for synthetic resins.
Vibrodiagnostic operator jaw skidder in the process of lifting (lowering) of the tree with an arrow.
Authors: Василевский М.Р. , Александров В.А.
Published: September 2020

Рассмотрена вибронагруженность оператора трелевочного трактора в режиме подъема дерева стрелой. Исследование проведено на математической модели биодинамической системы «оператор – трелевочный трактор – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа II рода. Модель оператора – двухмассовая. В процессе исследования варьировалось ускорение разгона стрелы манипулятора в диапазоне 0,1–0,6 м/с2. Расчеты выполнены с исходными данными применительно к трелевочному трактору ТБ-1М. Предложенная математическая модель позволяет определять вибрационное воздействие на организм оператора трелевочного трактора на стадии разработки конструкторской документации.

The article describes vibrodiagnostic operator skidder in the mode of lifting the tree by an arrow. The study was conducted on a mathematical model of the biodynamic system "operator – skidder – wood". The mathematical description is in the form of Lagrange's equations of the 2nd kind. Model operator – dual-mass. During the study varied the acceleration of the acceleration arrows of the manipulator in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 m/s2. The calculations are performed with the original data in relation to the skidding tractor TB-1M. The proposed mathematical model allows to determine vibration effects on the body of the operator of the skidder at the stage of developing design documentation.
Optimal omega-ratio portfolio performance constrained by tracking error
Authors: Gunning Wade , van Vuuren Gary
Published: September 2020

The mean-variance framework coupled with the Sharpe ratio identifies optimal portfolios under the passive investment style. Optimal portfolio identification under active investment approaches, where performance is measured relative to a benchmark, is less well-known. Active portfolios subject to tracking error (TE) constraints lie on distorted elliptical frontiers in return/risk space. Identifying optimal active portfolios, however defined, have only recently begun to be explored. The Ω – ratio considers both down and upside portfolio potential. Recent work has established a technique to determine optimal Ω – ratio portfolios under the passive investment approach. The authors apply the identification of optimal Ω – ratio portfolios to the active arena (i.e., to portfolios constrained by a TE) and find that while passive managers should always invest in maximum Ω – ratio portfolios, active managers should first establish market conditions (which determine the sign of the main axis slope of the constant TE frontier). Maximum Sharpe ratio portfolios should be engaged when this slope is > 0 and maximum Ω – ratios when < 0.
Cyberbullying Phenomenon of High School Students: An Exploratory Study in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan William Vincent , Fitrisna Vernawati Eva , Michellianouva Fairuz , Mayliza Celly Septine
Published: September 2020

Cyberbullying became a common occurrence among teenagers in the world today. The aim of research was to explore the cyberbullying experience of high school students in West Kalimantan. The research was conducted to identify internet usage and online activities that led to cyberbullying victimization. The methods used a questionnaire collected during June 2019 from 50 students (25 males and 25 females) graded 10 to 12, and used a one-way ANOVA analysis. Significant gender differences were found which indicated that boys were more often involved in cyberbullying both as the perpetrator and the victim. Students with lower academic achievement tend to be online perpetrators than students with better academic performance. The research investigated how cyber oppression impacts both as a perspective of victimization and persecution, discussing the practice of reporting students to parents, school officials and other adults. Parental and teacher supervision as a strategy reduces student involvement in cyberbullying and generates awareness among students. The result implies that schools have an important role in teaching cybersecurity, adding cyberbullying subject in the curriculum, and sharing experiences with students.
Risk Profile, Secure Bond, and Bond Rating in Banking Industry
Authors: Wijayanti Erin , Yuliana Indah
Published: September 2020

The research aimed to assess the impact of the Risk Profile on the banking industry bond ratings in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and have a rating for bonds at PT PEFINDO. Sampleswere selected by purposive sampling method. The population were banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. The population was 44 banks and 16 banks were selected as samples. The analysis a used descriptive statistics and Partial Least Square (PLS) for testing structural and structural models. The results show that Non-Performing Loan (NPL)and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) directly have a significant direct positive effect on bond ratings, and security directly do not have a significant effect on bond ratings, security strengthen risk relationships credit with a bond rating. However, security weakens the relationship between liquidity risk and the bond rating. The variables indicate that these variables can explain the bond rating of 44,4% while the remaining 55,6% is influenced by other variables not contained in the research model.
Effective Advertising Location in the Commuter Line: Study Cases in Jakarta and Surrounded Cities in Indonesia
Authors: Levyda Levyda , Ismi Tri Nur
Published: September 2020

The aims of the research were to determine the most effective advertising location compared to various available locations and to examine the behavior of commuter line passengers. The research was conducted at six train stations and samples were taken by a purposive sampling method. Data were collected by a structured interview. The Chi-square test was used to find out the differences of the advertising locations’ effectiveness, while a ranking method was used to determine the effectiveness of advertising locations. Eight locations were rated by passengers. The results reveal that the effectiveness of each location on the commuter line has proven to be different and the most effective advertising location is the hanging alley.
Recensão do livro Azares y Decisiones: recuerdos personales de Horacio Capel
Authors: Magalhães Francisco
Published: September 2020

Em 2019, o geógrafo Horacio Capel publicou um livro de cariz autobiográfico. A presente recensão analisa o conteúdo da mais recente obra do autor, fazendo referência aos aspetos mais relevantes para a ciência geográfica.
Sistemas Agroalimentares
Authors: Torrens João Carlos Sampaio
Published: September 2020

A partir da II Guerra Mundial, teve início a organização dos Sistemas Agroalimentares atualmente hegemônicos. Estes sistemas deram origem a grandes corporações transnacionais que progressivamente passaram a controlar as cadeias de valor vinculadas à alimentação. Além disso, este modelo de organização do setor alimentar provocou profundos impactos ambientais, econômicos, sociais e culturais. Atualmente, os acordos internacionais sobre desenvolvimento e as demandas emergentes dos consumidores urbanos exigem novos princípios orientadores e critérios de estruturação desses sistemas. A conformação de Sistemas Agroalimentares Sustentáveis exige uma transformação estrutural do modelo hegemônico. Porém, esta mudança só será alcançada com base na construção de um novo pacto social. Uma coalizão de forças que pressione o Estado para implementar políticas públicas que assegurem a alimentação como um direito humano fundamental.
Appendix J
Authors: Wildman Paul
Published: September 2020

The Appendix explores a vital component of the Planetary Bricoleur, People collaborating with People to achieve a common goal. It points out the similarities and differences between the P2P and PwP approaches to common goods and mutual aid not as doctrinal categories that are mutually exclusive, but as what they are, mutually supportive approaches, and are important for specific applications. The two approaches are like different sides, but with common goals which is mutual aid.
A economia solidária como resposta à crise pandêmica e fator de outro tipo de desenvolvimento
Authors: Souza André Ricardo de , Augusto Júnior Fausto
Published: September 2020

O artigo ressalta aspectos da desigualdade e da profunda crise econômica que afeta o Brasil em face da pandemia Covid-19, apontando a economia solidária como um importante conjunto de práticas no enfrentamento dessa realidade. Discute aspectos que envolvem os empreendimentos econômicos solidários e o seu entorno, apresentando propostas não só para a preservação, mas também para o fortalecimento deles, na perspectiva de um possível outro tipo de desenvolvimento socioeconômico no cenário pós-pandemia.
Uma sociologia compreensiva sobre política e pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira George Fredman Santos , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: September 2020

Este pequeno ensaio pretende refletir sobre as relações tensas entre o enfrentamento da pandemia do Covid-19 e a vida política no Brasil, abordadas em perspectiva constelar (figura presidencial, orla ministerial, séquito popular, poderes Judiciário e Legislativo, comunidade médica), verificadas na contumácia do presidente Jair Messias Bolsonaro para se manter no poder por dentro (ou a despeito) da pandemia contra a evidência dos registros de seus efeitos na saúde pública, arrevesando a política (lugar do poder) com o puro autoritarismo (lugar da violência). Os argumentos do ensaio percorrem as informações prestadas por diversos canais de comunicação no confronto entre objetividade-responsabilidade e as implicações éticas das/nas tomadas de posição política de um lado e da posição científica do outro.
Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction of Antibiotics Used in Sepsis Care in China
Authors: Yu Xuan , Chu Zixuan , Li Jian , He Rongrong , Wang Yaya , Cheng Chen
Published: September 2020

Background:

Many antibiotics have a high potential for interactions with drugs, as a perpetrator
and/or victim, in critically ill patients, and particularly in sepsis patients.

Methods:

The aim of this review is to summarize the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction (DDI) of 45 antibiotics
commonly used in sepsis care in China. Literature search was conducted to obtain human pharmacokinetics/
dispositions of the antibiotics, their interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters, and their
associated clinical drug interactions. Potential DDI is indicated by a DDI index ≥ 0.1 for inhibition or a treatedcell/
untreated-cell ratio of enzyme activity being ≥ 2 for induction.

Results:

The literature-mined information on human pharmacokinetics of the identified antibiotics and their potential
drug interactions is summarized.

Conclusion:

Antibiotic-perpetrated drug interactions, involving P450 enzyme inhibition, have been reported
for four lipophilic antibacterials (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
and three antifungals (fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole). In addition, seven hydrophilic antibacterials
(ceftriaxone, cefamandole, piperacillin, penicillin G, amikacin, metronidazole, and linezolid) inhibit drug
transporters in vitro. Despite no clinical PK drug interactions with the transporters, caution is advised in the use
of these antibacterials. Eight hydrophilic antibiotics (all β-lactams; meropenem, cefotaxime, cefazolin, piperacillin,
ticarcillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and flucloxacillin), are potential victims of drug interactions due to
transporter inhibition. Rifampin is reported to perpetrate drug interactions by inducing CYP3A or inhibiting
OATP1B; it is also reported to be a victim of drug interactions, due to the dual inhibition of CYP3A4 and OATP1B
by indinavir. In addition, three antifungals (caspofungin, itraconazole, and voriconazole) are reported to be
victims of drug interactions because of P450 enzyme induction. Reports for other antibiotics acting as victims
in drug interactions are scarce.
Bioactive Principles and Potentiality of Hot Methanolic Extract of the Leaves from Artemisia absinthium L “in vitro Cytotoxicity Against Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells, Antibacterial Study and Wound Healing Activity”
Authors: Sultan Muhammad H. , Zuwaiel Alanazi A. , Moni Sivakumar S. , Alshahrani Saeed , Alqahtani Saad S. , Madkhali Osama , Elmobark Mohamed E.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Artemisia absinthium L is an ornamental plant widespread in Saudi Arabia.
Traditionally, the plant has been used in the Arabic medicine. But the scientific evidence of the bioactive
compounds and their medicinal value was not yet explored widely.

Objective:

The study was designed to analyse the bioactive principles and medicinal properties of Artemisia
absinthium L, a traditional herb grown in southern part of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

The bioactive compounds present in Hot Methanolic Extract of the Leaves (HMEL) of Artemisia
absinthium L. was explored by GC-MS analysis. The cytotoxicity effect of HMEL was determined
against MCF-7 breast cancer cells ATCC and human colon cancer cells HCT 116 ATCC by performing
MTT assay. Morphological changes of HMEL treated MCF-7 were observed under a phasecontrast
microscope by staining the cells with neutral red. A Reaction Mixture (RM) of HMEL was prepared
in Milli-Q water and antibacterial susceptibility was performed against both Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, in vivo wound healing properties of the RM was screened in male
rats and their efficacy was compared with standard povidone iodine cream. Biomarkers such as IL-1β, IL-
6, TNF- α, caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels were determined to qualify the wound healing property.

Results:

Epiyangambin, flavone, octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, palmitic acid β -
monoglyceride, á-D-mannofuranoside, camphor, and terpineol were identified as possible compounds
through GC-MS analysis. The HMEL of Artemisia absinthium L was actively inhibiting the proliferation
of breast cancer cells MCF-7 ATCC at the concentration of 80.96 ± 3.94 μg/ml as IC50 value but
failed to inhibit the proliferation against the treated human colon cancer cells HCT 116 cells ATCC.
HMEL of Artemisia absinthium L was showing a moderate spectrum of antibacterial effect against the
screened bacteria. RM showed better wound healing property than standard povidone iodine cream that
modulates cytokine networks and apoptosis markers levels indicated the healing of wound.

Conclusion:

The study suggested that novel anticancer, antibacterial and immune modulatory molecules
can be developed from the leaves of Artemisia absinthium L.
In Silico Docking Studies of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGFA): Possible Implications in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Therapy
Authors: Lakkireddy Samyuktha , Jayaraman Archana , Aula Sangeetha , Kapley Atya , Kutala Vijay Kumar , Jamil Kaiser
Published: September 2020

Background:

Dysregulated angiogenesis resulting in neovascularization is a critical
event in the expansion and progression of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), hematopoietic cancer.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor- A (VEGFA), an important angiogenesis mediator, has
been a target for treating cancer. Although several anti-VEGFA drugs are available, they are associated
with adverse side effects, promoting the need to identify better drugs that may be less toxic.

Objective:

Our aim was to investigate whether Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) could be repurposed
for use as VEGFA inhibitors via in silico docking software. We also investigated the potential
of phytochemicals as VEGFA inhibitors.

Methods:

We performed molecular docking using Schrödinger Maestro software suite 2014-3 to
determine the most potent phytochemical and TKI VEGFA antagonists.

Results:

Among the TKIs investigated, Bosutinib had the best binding affinity and may be the
most potent TKI against VEGFA. The order of binding affinities for the top ten docked ligands
was: Ginsenoside Rg3> Bosutinib> Vitamin D> Paclitaxel> Dasatinib> Saponins> Ponatinib>
Squalamine> Imatinib> Nilotinib. We found that Ginsenoside Rg3 had the highest binding affinity
(MMGBSA score= -99.4 kcal/mol, glide Gscore = -9.16 kcal/mol) to VEGFA.

Conclusion:

Our study has shown for the first time the binding poses of these TKIs and phytochemicals
to VEGFA, using computational methods. We propose that the use of the top scoring ligands,
in isolation or a combination of phytochemicals plus TKI, could serve as potent angiogenesis
inhibitors via their binding to and inhibiting VEGFA expression to prevent CML progression.
We have also profiled the ligand binding residues, which may be explored in designing pharmacophores.
Detection and Classification of Gastrointestinal Diseases using Machine Learning
Authors: Naz Javeria , Sharif Muhammad , Yasmin Mussarat , Raza Mudassar , Khan Muhammad Attique
Published: September 2020

Background:

Traditional endoscopy is an invasive and painful method of examining the
gastrointestinal tract (GIT) not supported by physicians and patients. To handle this issue, video endoscopy
(VE) or wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is recommended and utilized for GIT examination.
Furthermore, manual assessment of captured images is not possible for an expert physician
because it’s a time taking task to analyze thousands of images thoroughly. Hence, there comes the
need for a Computer-Aided-Diagnosis (CAD) method to help doctors analyze images. Many researchers
have proposed techniques for automated recognition and classification of abnormality in
captured images.

Methods:

In this article, existing methods for automated classification, segmentation and detection
of several GI diseases are discussed. Paper gives a comprehensive detail about these state-of-theart
methods. Furthermore, literature is divided into several subsections based on preprocessing techniques,
segmentation techniques, handcrafted features based techniques and deep learning based
techniques. Finally, issues, challenges and limitations are also undertaken.

Results:

A comparative analysis of different approaches for the detection and classification of GI
infections.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive review article combines information related to a number of GI
diseases diagnosis methods at one place. This article will facilitate the researchers to develop new
algorithms and approaches for early detection of GI diseases detection with more promising results
as compared to the existing ones of literature.