bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Crossover Speeds up Building Block Assembly in Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Sudholt Dirk
Published: April 2016

We reinvestigate a fundamental question: How effective is crossover in genetic algorithms in combining building blocks of good solutions? Although this has been discussed controversially for decades, we are still lacking a rigorous and intuitive answer. We provide such answers for royal road functions and OneMax, where every bit is a building block. For the latter, we show that using crossover makes every ([Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]) genetic algorithm at least twice as fast as the fastest evolutionary algorithm using only standard bit mutation, up to small-order terms and for moderate [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Crossover is beneficial because it can capitalize on mutations that have both beneficial and disruptive effects on building blocks: crossover is able to repair the disruptive effects of mutation in later generations. Compared to mutation-based evolutionary algorithms, this makes multibit mutations more useful. Introducing crossover changes the optimal mutation rate on OneMax from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. This holds both for uniform crossover and k-point crossover. Experiments and statistical tests confirm that our findings apply to a broad class of building block functions.
Open Issues in Evolutionary Robotics
Authors: Silva Fernando , Duarte Miguel , Correia Luís , Oliveira Sancho Moura , Christensen Anders Lyhne
Published: April 2016

One of the long-term goals in evolutionary robotics is to be able to automatically synthesize controllers for real autonomous robots based only on a task specification. While a number of studies have shown the applicability of evolutionary robotics techniques for the synthesis of behavioral control, researchers have consistently been faced with a number of issues preventing the widespread adoption of evolutionary robotics for engineering purposes. In this article, we review and discuss the open issues in evolutionary robotics. First, we analyze the benefits and challenges of simulation-based evolution and subsequent deployment of controllers versus evolution on real robotic hardware. Second, we discuss specific evolutionary computation issues that have plagued evolutionary robotics: (1) the bootstrap problem, (2) deception, and (3) the role of genomic encoding and genotype-phenotype mapping in the evolution of controllers for complex tasks. Finally, we address the absence of standard research practices in the field. We also discuss promising avenues of research. Our underlying motivation is the reduction of the current gap between evolutionary robotics and mainstream robotics, and the establishment of evolutionary robotics as a canonical approach for the engineering of autonomous robots.
Marriage, Independence and Adulthood among Unmarried Women in South Korea
Authors: Kim Bo-Hwa , Lee Jae Kyung , Park Hyunjoon
Published: April 2016

Based on interviews with 23 unmarried women in Korea, we address how they subjectively perceive marriage and independence from parents in the large context of the transition to adulthood. We examine meanings, expectations and desires that unmarried women in their 20s and mid-30s attach to marriage and independence, particularly focusing on heterogeneity in those subjective concepts among unmarried women of different socioeconomic status (SES). Although low-SES women perceive the pathway to marriage to be primarily determined by their own decision because of the lack of economic and emotional support from their parents, their prospects of economic security through marriage are dimmed with their poor human capital and high chance to marry similarly low-SES men. This pattern of “precarious independence” among low-SES women is contrasted to active and extensive parental intervention and support that high-SES unmarried women expect in marriage process. To achieve residential independence and economic security through marriage, high-SES unmarried women are willing to “work together” with parents. We discuss implications of these different conceptions of marriage and independence in relation to adulthood among unmarried women in Korea.
Mountain chickadees return to their post-natal dispersal settlements following long-term captivity
Authors: Branch Carrie L. , Kozlovsky Dovid Y. , Croston Rebecca , Pitera Angela , Pravosudov Vladimir V.
Published: April 2016

There is little work investigating the relationship between environmental changes and associated hippocampal effects on animal homing. We took advantage of previous studies in which wild, non-migratory mountain chickadees spent six months in captivity prior to being released. Over the following three years, 45.8% of the birds were resighted, and in all cases birds were identified less than 300 m from their initial capture locations at their respective elevation, despite previous studies documentingca30% captivity-related reduction of the hippocampus. Reproductive success of birds that spent six months in captivity did not differ from control birds that did not experience captivity. Our findings suggest that chickadees are highly site faithful and can return to their original capture location after spending time in captivity. Our results also have important implications for animal welfare practices as birds held in captivity bred successfully and may not need to be sacrificed following captivity.
The Paris Agreement: A New Beginning
Authors: Streck Charlotte , Keenlyside Paul , von Unger Moritz
Published: April 2016

The adoption of the Paris Agreement is a milestone in international climate politics and brings years of near deadlock negotiations to a conclusion. The Agreement creates a global process of engagement, follow-up, regular stock-take exercises and cooperative action. On the one hand, it represents a step forward, overcoming the many divisions that had marked the Kyoto area: between developed and developing countries, between industrialized nations inside the Protocol and those outside, and between those supportive of market mechanisms and those that vehemently opposed them. On the other hand, individual country contributions fall short of the overall climate goal, and the risk is that the Paris Agreement remains a shell without sufficient action and support. It thus remains to be seen whether the Paris Agreement is the right framework through which to address the collective action problem of climate change.
The Compatibility of Investment Arbitration in eu Trade Agreements with the eu Judicial System
Authors: Ankersmit Dr. Laurens
Published: April 2016

This article explores the legality of investment arbitration in eu trade agreements under eu law. Investor-state dispute settlement (isds), including the Investment Court System, allows foreign investors to challenge eu acts and decisions before investment tribunals and these tribunals may be faced with questions of eu law. Since this system of dispute resolution operates entirely outside the eu judicial framework and rivals with it, the powers of the courts of the Member States and that of the European Court of Justice may be adversely affected. This in turn could affect the uniform interpretation and effectiveness of eu law and the autonomy of the eu legal order.
The cicada genus Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Fidicinini): generic description, twelve new combinations, and a key to species
Authors: SANBORN ALLEN F.
Published: April 2016

The cicada genus Guyalna Boulard and Martinelli, 1996 is described fully for the first time. Dorisiana bogotana (Distant, 1892), Dorisiana brisa (Walker, 1850), Fidicinoides coffea Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008, Fidicinoides distanti (Goding, 1925), Fidicinoides flavipronotum Sanborn, 2007, Dorisiana glauca (Goding, 1925), Dorisiana panamensis (Davis, 1939), Fidicinoides variegata (Sanborn, 2005), and Dorisiana viridifemur (Walker, 1850) are transferred to the genus Guyalna to become Guyalna bogotana (Distant, 1892) n. comb., Guyalna brisa (Walker, 1850) n. comb., Guyalna coffea (Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008) n. comb., Guyalna distanti (Goding, 1925) n. comb., Guyalna flavipronotum (Sanborn, 2007) n. comb., Guyalna glauca (Goding, 1925) n. comb., Guyalna panamensis (Davis, 1939) n. comb., Guyalna variegata (Sanborn, 2005) n. comb., and Guyalna viridifemur (Walker, 1850) n. comb., respectively. Fidicinoides cachla (Distant, 1899), Fidicinoides compostela (Davis, 1934), Fidicinoides guayabana Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008, are transferred to Dorisiana Metcalf, 1952 to become Dorisiana cachla (Distant, 1899) n. comb., Dorisiana compostela (Davis, 1934) n. comb., and Dorisiana guayabana (Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008) n. comb., respectively. The current 25 species of the genus are listed along with their synonymies and known distribution of each species. Finally, a key to the species of Guyalna is provided.
The immature stages of Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) chiapanensis (Dampf) (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)
Authors: OCA-AGUILAR ANA CELIA MONTES DE , REBOLLAR-TÉLLEZ EDUARDO A. , IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL SERGIO
Published: April 2016

The egg exochorion, larval instars and pupa of the phlebotomine sand fly Micropygomyia (Coquillettimyia) chiapanensis (Dampf) are described and illustrated based on specimens collected in the locality of Farallón, municipality of Actopan, Veracruz, Mexico. Morphology of fourth instar larval mouthparts, particularly the incisor lobe and molar lobe shape of mandible, could be important for species identification of immature Phlebotominae. In this work is compared the pupal chaetotaxy of Mi. chiapanensis with other species previously described. The fourth instar larva of Mi. chiapanensis is compared with other species of this genus, the most important differentiating characters being the size, shape and position of the abdominal dorsal internal seta.
A new species of Falsocaenia Pic, 1922 from Amazonian Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with an updated key to the species
Authors: FERREIRA VINICIUS S.
Published: April 2016

While searching for Calochromini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) specimens in entomological collections and identifying other Lycidae, a new species of Falsocaenia Pic, 1922 was found in the collection of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). This genus is one of the smallest in the tribe Calopterini with 13 known species, two of which were recently described by Bocákova et al. (2012) in their revision of the genus, and can be found in Central and South America.
World Polity Matters
Authors: Li Xue , Hicks Alexander
Published: April 2016

Did the nation-state spread due to global diffusion? Wimmer and Feinstein’s 2010 ASR article concludes that there are no “world polity” influences on the rise of the nation-state; rather, the spread of the nation-state was driven by proximate and contextual political factors situated at the local and regional levels, in line with historical institutionalist arguments. Here, after arguing that Wimmer and Feinstein misspecify the historical domain of the world polity theory, we reanalyze their data and find that world polity has played a consistent role in the global rise of the nation-state since WWII. Specifically, global diffusion processes complement the more local and regional varieties of causal processes stressed by historical institutionalist theorists. We measure the institutionalization of world polity with inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), and processes through which potential nation-states mimic existing nation-states. IGO membership and existing nation-states show positive significance in the post-1945 period, and all three measures significantly facilitate nation-state creation for 1953 to 2001, the period for which INGO data are available. Results affirm the importance of state legitimacy secured by adapting the global model of the nation-state.
Improving Treatment in Minority Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Alvarado Camille , Modesto-Lowe Vania
Published: April 2016

Studies have shown that African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic children all have the same prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and respond similarly to treatment. However, the number of African American and Hispanic children actually diagnosed with ADHD is significantly lower than that of the Caucasian population. Consequently, the numbers of African American and Hispanic children receiving ADHD treatment is also low. This article investigates the barriers to diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in African American and Hispanic populations, which include financial limitations, differing parental views, and cultural norms. It then discusses potential solutions to help address those barriers with the hope of providing culturally sensitive care among African American and Hispanic communities.
Cultures of Learning in Effective High Schools
Authors: Tichnor-Wagner Ariel , Harrison Christopher , Cohen-Vogel Lora
Published: April 2016

Purpose: Research indicates that a culture of learning is a key factor in building high schools that foster academic achievement in all students. Yet less is known about which elements of a culture of learning differentiate schools with higher levels of academic performance. To fill this gap, this comparative case study examined the cultures of learning among adults and students in two highly effective high schools and two less effective high schools with similar demographics in a single large, urban school district. Research Method: Using 135 interviews and focus groups with administrators, teachers, and students across four case study schools, the authors analyzed the extent to which various elements of a culture of learning was present within and across schools. Findings: Effective high schools had stronger cultures of learning with distinct structures and practices that distinguished them from the less effective schools. These included frequent opportunities for formal collaboration, shared goals centered on universal high expectations, structured opportunities for participatory leadership, and deliberate supports to help students engage and achieve in academics. Findings further revealed that certain structures were necessary though not sufficient in fostering effective cultures of learning, the active role of school leaders in reinforcing a culture of learning, and high leverage practices that addressed multiple elements of a culture of learning. Implications: This study provides implications for how school leaders can begin to create and improve on school-wide cultures of learning by drawing on the high leverage practices that distinguished the highly effective case study schools.
School staff perceptions of factors influencing participation in a Whole-of-School initiative in an Indigenous community
Authors: Kulinna Pamela Hodges
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ perspectives on factors influencing their involvement in a Whole-of-School initiative.

Methods:

A survey was administered to participating teachers/school personnel ( N = 81) and 30 of the teachers/school personnel also participated in mostly individual interviews. The survey was informed by Lohrmann’s Ecological Model of Coordinated School Health Programs focusing on individual, interpersonal, community, organisation and policy factors. Category mean values were calculated for the survey data (along with t tests to explore differences by participant role in the schools), and interview data were analysed via analytic induction using several trustworthiness measures.

Findings:

Findings revealed that all survey categories ranked 3.5 or higher on a 5-point scale and there were significant differences by participant role. Interview data provided specific examples of each of the school health ecology factors.

Conclusion:

Results provide support for the model Whole-of-School programme efforts, insights into teacher and school personnel involvement and resistance to a school health change initiative. The project may serve as a model for other schools/districts interested in Whole-of-School health programming. The transformation that took place is especially important in this Indigenous community with significant health concerns.
Implicit Coordination Strategies for Effective Team Communication
Authors: Butchibabu Abhizna , Sparano-Huiban Christopher , Sonenberg Liz , Shah Julie
Published: April 2016

Objective

We investigated implicit communication strategies for anticipatory information sharing during team performance of tasks with varying degrees of complexity. We compared the strategies used by teams with the highest level of performance to those used by the lowest-performing teams to evaluate the frequency and methods of communications used as a function of task structure.

Background

High-performing teams share information by anticipating the needs of their teammates rather than explicitly requesting the exchange of information. As the complexity of a task increases to involve more interdependence among teammates, the impact of coordination on team performance also increases. This observation motivated us to conduct a study of anticipatory information sharing as a function of task complexity.

Method

We conducted an experiment in which 13 teams of four people performed collaborative search-and-deliver tasks with varying degrees of complexity in a simulation environment. We elaborated upon prior characterizations of communication as implicit versus explicit by dividing implicit communication into two subtypes: (a) deliberative/goal information and (b) reactive status updates. We then characterized relationships between task structure, implicit communication, and team performance.

Results

We found that the five teams with the fastest task completion times and lowest idle times exhibited higher rates of deliberative communication versus reactive communication during high-complexity tasks compared with the five teams with the slowest completion times and longest idle times ( p = .039).

Conclusion

Teams in which members proactively communicated information about their next goal to teammates exhibited improved team performance.

Application

The findings from our work can inform the design of communication strategies for team training to improve performance of complex tasks.
Broadband in the Labor Market
Authors: Dettling Lisa J.
Published: April 2016

The author investigates how high-speed home Internet use has affected labor supply. Using an instrumental variables strategy that exploits cross-state variation in supply-side constraints to residential broadband Internet access, she finds that exogenously determined high-speed Internet use leads to a 4.1 percentage point increase in labor force participation for married women. No corresponding effect is found for single women or men. Among married women, the largest increases in participation are found among college-educated women with children. Supplemental analyses suggest that Internet use for telework and saving time in home production explains the increase in participation. The results suggest that home Internet facilitates work-family balance.
In the Shadow of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Appel Benjamin J.
Published: April 2016

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is responsible for prosecuting crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide. Despite the potential for the ICC to deter human rights abuses, scholars and policy makers are divided on the effectiveness of it. This debate, however, is plagued by some important theoretical and empirical limitations. I address the problems in the literature and evaluate whether the ICC can prevent human rights abuses. I argue that the ICC can deter governments from committing human rights violations by imposing a variety of costs on them throughout their investigations that decrease their expected payoffs for engaging in human rights abuses. Across a variety of statistical estimators that account for standard threats to inference and several anecdotes, I find strong support for my theoretical expectations; leaders from states that have ratified the Rome Statute commit lower levels of human rights abuses than nonratifier leaders.
German Child Distress, US Humanitarian Aid and Revisionist Politics, 1918–24
Authors: Piller Elisabeth
Published: April 2016

This article explores Weimar Germany's strategic use of German child distress to win US popular support for a revision of the Versailles treaty. Through the early 1920s German officials deliberately publicized the innocent suffering of German children to project German poverty and victimization and to communicate the unjust and untenable nature of the peace terms to the world, especially the powerful United States. At a time when the United States of America withdrew politically from Europe, its unprecedented humanitarian engagement overseas, including a German child-feeding program, seemed to offer a unique opportunity to mobilize empathy and support for the recent enemy among an otherwise hostile and uninterested US public. Though concerns over German international prestige were always prevalent, Germany’s restricted room of political manoeuvre repeatedly forced such strategic appeals to pity as the only option to garner US interest, sympathy and, ultimately, involvement in a revision of the peace terms, especially the reparations question. By focusing on this ‘diplomacy of pity’ the article sheds light on Weimar Germany's hopes and frustrations in engaging so important, and so elusive, a power as the United States of America in the early 1920s. The article’s focus on German ambitions with regard to US humanitarian aid also challenges the common notion of aid recipients as passive objects of foreign magnanimity. The way recipient nations construct and use their humanitarian narrative, the agency they assert, deserves much wider attention.
Considering the Elements that Inform Perceived Peer Deviance
Authors: McGloin Jean Marie , Thomas Kyle J.
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

To consider, at a conceptual level, the factors that inform perceptions of peer deviance and subsequently, at an empirical level, the extent to which survey information from high school students confirms whether these elements shape perceptions of friends’ drinking. This study also offers an alternative way to document projection bias.

Methods:

249 public high school students completed a survey about what factors inform their perceptions of friends’ drinking behavior. Subjects also responded to several vignettes in order to assess their general tendency to engage in projection.

Results:

Subjects rely on both observed behavior and various forms of communication when forming perceptions of friends’ drinking, though there is notable variation across these elements. When using hypothetical vignettes, results suggest projection bias is significantly diminished as subjects are provided with more information about a hypothetical peer.

Conclusions:

Adolescents appear to rely on a wide range of information when forming perceptions about friends’ drinking behavior. Although we did document a tendency to engage in projection when subjects had minimal information about a peer, the fragility of this tendency questions whether perceptual measures are inherently contaminated.
A Latent Class Analysis of Family Characteristics Linked to Youth Offending Outcomes
Authors: Chng Grace S. , Chu Chi Meng , Zeng Gerald , Li Dongdong , Ting Ming Hwa
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

There were two aims to this study: firstly, to identify family subtypes of Singaporean youth offenders based on eight family variables. Secondly, the associations of these family subtypes with youth offending outcomes were tested.

Methods:

With a sample of 3,744 youth, a latent class analysis was first conducted based on eight family variables. Multivariate analyses and a Cox regression were subsequently performed to analyze the associations of the family classes with age at first arrest, age at first charge, and recidivism.

Results:

A three-class solution was found to have the best fit to the data: (1) intact functioning families had little family risk; (2) families with criminality had higher probabilities of family criminality, of drug/alcohol abuse, and of being nonintact; and (3) poorly managed families received the poorest parenting and were more likely to be nonintact. Youth offenders from the latter two classes were arrested and charged at younger ages. Additionally, they reoffended at a quicker rate.

Conclusions:

Family backgrounds matter for youth offending outcomes. Interventions have to be multifaceted and targeted at the family in order to mitigate the risk of young offenders from developing into pathological adult criminals.
The Roles of Technical Communication Researchers in Design Scholarship
Authors: Sánchez Fernando
Published: April 2016

Design has come to be understood as an essential aspect of the work that technical communicators claim. As a result, research in the field of technical communication has approached studies of design in numerous ways. This article showcases how technical communication researchers assume the roles of observers, testers, critics, creators, and consultants in their handling of design artifacts. Such a model regarding these roles may help us to better understand the design relationships researchers presume as they further knowledge of design within our field. This article offers a framework to leverage into a comprehensive and integrated model for explaining our work on design to others outside of technical communication.
Karl Popper, World 3, and the Arts
Authors: Lube Manfred
Published: April 2016

The fine arts are considered as one of several pathways toward insight, knowledge, and understanding. My reflections on this are deliberately not based on aesthetics or on philosophy of art. Speculations on fine art observe two characteristics of specific epistemic processes: first, a tacit knowledge that is not enunciated by ordinary language and, second, a present and effective logic, which has a different pattern from the logic of scientific knowledge. The latter leads to change because it is built upon accumulated knowledge, whereas in the arts, change leads to knowledge as creative processes guide us toward what we do not know, and this challenges what we do know.
Poetry and Social Transformation: The Legacy of Sachi Routray
Authors: Dash Kailash Chandra
Published: April 2016

This essay on Sachidananda Routray, the famous poet and radical intellectual activist of modern Odisha, is based on an interpretation of his literary works as well as archival documents. It profiles and analyses his leading role as a harbinger of progressive and marxist ideas in Odisha, as can be seen in the reports written on him by the colonial administration and from his articles and poetry that appeared in the 1930s in Nabeen, a weekly Odia newspaper, and Krushak, a prominent progressive Odia monthly magazine. He combined his considerable literary talents with his organisational abilities which could be seen in his mobilisation of students, peasants and other marginalised sections all of which established him as a front-ranking figure in the history of modern Odisha.
A Touching Analysis
Authors: Dennis Simone
Published: April 2016

In this article, I examine what an analytic of touch offers for theorizing the impact of thirdhand smoke. Drawing on “scientific” claims about the danger of touching/being touched by objects permeated with thirdhand smoke and on online discussions about the exposure of infants to thirdhand smoke, I argue that touch permits insights unavailable to us in other analytically pursued sensory registers. It is smell that initially alerts people to the presence of thirdhand smoke and indicates that a bodily boundary has been crossed. But the fact that thirdhand smoke can shape shift to become sited on/in/as the sofa, the dry wall, or the familial skin—anything that thirdhand smoke has touched—means that relations of thirdhand smoke are haptic as well as odiferous. What could an analysis founded in touch tell us about the exclusionary familial and political relations that are forming up around thirdhand tobacco smoke?
Quality of life and mission
Authors: Teasdale Mark R.
Published: April 2016

Missions activities often include efforts aimed at improving the physical well-being of others. These efforts have gained additional emphasis in recent years as North American Protestants have focused on missions activities that have tangible impacts on people’s well-being in contrast to activities with more spiritual impacts. This article uses the idea of “quality of life” to review the relationship of Christian mission to improving the physical well-being of others. Offering a brief sketch of missional activities undertaken in the New Testament, during the Roman Empire, through monasticism, by Anglo-American Reformers, and by 19th- and 20th-century North American missionaries, it concludes that the improvement of people’s quality of life shifted dramatically in reference to the church’s understanding of mission. Specifically, Christians changed from seeing the improvement of others’ quality of life as a means of people sharing in the salvation of Christ to that improvement as one of the chief ends of Christ’s salvific work.
Liked Characters Get a Moral Pass: Young Viewers’ Evaluations of Social and Physical Aggression in Tween Sitcoms
Authors: Martins Nicole , Mares Marie-Louise , Malacane Mona , Peebles Alanna
Published: April 2016

This study examined young viewers’ evaluations of the social and physical aggression that is endemic in tween sitcoms. Preadolescents ( N = 176) were randomly assigned to watch a tween sitcom that featured a protagonist or antagonist committing social or physical aggression (two exemplars at each level). As suggested by recent work on disposition theory and moral development, participants’ moral evaluations of the depicted aggression were related to their liking of the perpetrator, not their perceptions of the severity of the aggression. Furthermore, there was support for the causal chain proposed by Raney’s formulation of disposition theory, whereby protagonist liking predicted moral indifference, which further predicted self-reported likelihood of imitating the aggression. This path was stronger at higher ratings of funniness. When aggressors were perceived as likable and their actions as funny, viewers reported more indifference and greater likelihood of imitation.
Explaining the Diversity Deficit: Value-Trait Consistency in News Exposure and Democratic Citizenship
Authors: Kim Dam Hee , Pasek Josh
Published: April 2016

Although scholars consider it important for citizens to seek diverse information to optimize citizenship, a growing body of research suggests that many people predominantly expose themselves to information that confirms their previous beliefs. Using four waves of survey data from an online panel of 2,450 Americans, this study explores a disconnect between information values and practices to identify (1) whether citizens exemplify the diversity-seeking values endorsed in communication scholarship, (2) whether individuals who hold diversity-seeking values enact these values, and (3) whether diversity-seeking values and traits are emblematic of good democratic citizenship. Results suggest that nearly half of respondents either did not hold diversity-seeking values or failed to actualize the values they expressed. Individuals who held diversity-seeking values were more politically knowledgeable and more likely to have voted in 2014, regardless of their diversity-seeking traits.
The Murals of La Victoria
Authors: Cortés Alexis
Published: April 2016

Muralism is one of the most striking expressions of one of Chile’s most emblematic working-class neighborhoods, La Victoria, which is known for the land takeover in which it originated and its resistance to the military dictatorship. Muralism served as the physical carrier of messages of resistance during the dictatorship and later consolidated an imaginary of political condemnation and venting in the face of repression. With democracy, muralism has made the memory of the neighborhood graphic, propitiated a dialogue between the experience of the land occupation and the dictatorship, and generated a discourse that, emerging from the popular, continues to confront the mechanisms of forgetting circulated by the official truths imposed by the compromised democratic transition.

El muralismo es una de las expresiones más propias de uno de los barrios populares más emblemáticos de Chile: La Victoria, conocida por la toma que le dio origen y por su resistencia a la dictadura militar. El muralismo cumplió la función de ser el soporte físico de mensajes de resistencia durante la dictadura, consolidando posteriormente un imaginario de denuncia política y de desahogo frente a la represión. Con la democracia, el muralismo ha tenido la función de hacer gráfica la memoria de la población, propiciando un diálogo entre la experiencia de la toma y de la dictadura, generándose una discursividad que, desde lo popular, continúa enfrentando los dispositivos de desmemoria accionados por las verdades oficiales impuestas por la transición democrática pactada.
A scheme of satellite multi-sensor fault-tolerant attitude estimation
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Xin , Liu Rui , Liu Yingying
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a scheme for satellite multi-sensor fault-tolerant attitude estimation. It can both detect a faulty sensor online and conduct fault tolerance in time. First, a satellite attitude estimator based on error states is presented as the unified filter algorithm, in which the filter state equation is built with the gyro model and satellite kinematics, and the measurement equations are built with angle sensors. Meanwhile, typical fault models of the angle sensors are given. Then, a fault-tolerant federated Kalman filter (FTFKF) scheme is designed. Its three sub-filters include the respective angle sensors and share the public gyro measurement. Under the sensor fault condition, a FTFKF can detect the faulty sensor by contrasting and analysing the dimensionless fault detection factors and then selectively fusing the sub-filters’ outputs to enable the satellite attitude determination accuracy to approach normal. The comparative analysis of simulation results in typical fault cases shows that the proposed satellite multi-sensor fault-tolerant attitude estimation scheme may achieve the expected fault-tolerant performance. It is promising for enhancing the reliability of satellite attitude determination and control systems.
An arson spree in college town: community enhancement through media convergence
Authors: Wynn Jonathan
Published: April 2016

Fears of media and technology undermining ‘community’ have persisted for half a century. It is believed that, in the digital age, place-based collectivities of people become isolated and individualized through media and technology, replacing ‘place-based’ communities with placeless ‘communities of interest’. While this greater trend may well exist, it is hardly uniform. This research examines how sufficiently flexible technologies and media can do the exact opposite: reinforce neighborhood ties and affirm a sense of community, particularly in times of crisis. A singular event, an arson spree, can create a bevy of bounded information for analysis. What unfolds is an image of a community enhanced by social media, providing a new perspective for both areas of research. Rather than using broad survey data, this study examines community through the prism of these fires to reinforce findings on community connection and identity and offers new suggestions for research.
Optimal number and allocation of data collection points for linear spline growth curve modeling
Authors: Wu Wei , Jia Fan , Kinai Richard , Little Todd D.
Published: April 2016

Spline growth modelling is a popular tool to model change processes with distinct phases and change points in longitudinal studies. Focusing on linear spline growth models with two phases and a fixed change point (the transition point from one phase to the other), we detail how to find optimal data collection designs that maximize the efficiency of detecting key parameters in the spline models, holding the total number of data points or sample size constant. We identify efficient designs for the cases where (a) the exact location of the change point is known (complete certainty), (b) only the interval that contains the change point is known (partial certainty), and (c) no prior knowledge on the location of the change point is available (zero certainty). We conclude with recommendations for optimal number and allocation of data collection points.
Adult life stage and crisis as predictors of curiosity and authenticity
Authors: Robinson Oliver C. , Demetre James D. , Litman Jordan A.
Published: April 2016

During periods of developmental crisis, individuals experience uncomfortable internal incongruence and are motivated to reduce this through forms of exploration of self, other and world. Based on this, we inferred that being in a crisis would relate positively to curiosity and negatively to a felt sense of authenticity. A quasi-experimental design using self-report data from a nationally representative UK sample ( N = 963) of adults in early life (20–39 years), midlife (40–59 years) and later-life (60+) showed a pattern of findings supportive of the hypotheses. Three forms of curiosity (intrapersonal, perceptual and epistemic D-type) were significantly higher, while authenticity was lower, among those currently in crisis that those of the same age group not in crisis. Crisis was also related to curiosity about particular book genres; early adult crisis to self-help and spirituality, midlife to self-help and biography, and later life to food and eating.
Modelling multi-topic information propagation in online social networks based on resource competition
Authors: Sun Liyuan , Zhou Yadong , Guan Xiaohong
Published: April 2016

Understanding information propagation in online social networks is important in many practical applications and is of great interest to many researchers. The challenge with the existing propagation models lies in the requirement of complete network structure, topic-dependent model parameters and topic isolated spread assumption, etc. In this paper, we study the characteristics of multi-topic information propagation based on the data collected from Sina Weibo, one of the most popular microblogging services in China. We find that the daily total amount of user resources is finite and users’ attention transfers from one topic to another. This shows evidence on the competitions between multiple dynamical topics. According to these empirical observations, we develop a competition-based multi-topic information propagation model without social network structure. This model is built based on general mechanisms of resource competitions, i.e. attracting and distracting users’ attention, and considers the interactions of multiple topics. Simulation results show that the model can effectively produce topics with temporal popularity similar to the real data. The impact of model parameters is also analysed. It is found that topic arrival rate reflects the strength of competitions, and topic fitness is significant in modelling the small scale topic propagation.
Proposal reviewer recommendation system based on big data for a national research management institute
Authors: Shon Ho Sun , Han Sang Hun , Kim Kyung Ah , Cha Eun Jong , Ryu Keun Ho
Published: April 2016

National research management organizations need to ensure that research proposals are reviewed fairly and efficiently, which requires the selection of suitable reviewers. In particular, reviewing research proposals in a particular area necessitates the selection of a group with the most reasonable standard for recommending an expert in that area. In this study, we develop an automatic matching system that matches a research proposal with a reviewer who can evaluate it most effectively, using keywords with fuzzy weights based on databases in the corresponding field of research. All functions that we developed were based on the MapReduce framework created by Hadoop, which was verified to enhance matching performance and ensure expandability. This enabled us to select suitable researchers from existing research projects, papers and research reviewer databases. Our system can influence the operation of the national research management system and contribute to academic development.
Dignity as non-discrimination
Authors: Njoya Wairimu
Published: April 2016

Analysing two reproductive rights claims brought before the High Court of Namibia and the European Court of Human Rights, this article argues that human dignity is not reducible to a recognized warrant (a right) to demand a particular set of goods, services, or treatments. Rather, dignity in the contexts in which women experience sterilization abuse would be better characterized as an existential protest against degradation, a protest that takes concrete form in legal demands for equal citizenship. Equality is conceived here as necessitating the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women in public and private life. The dignity as non-discrimination framework developed in the article thus integrates two of the leading interpretations of dignity in contemporary political philosophy – the existentialist approach that attends to the inward cry against degradation and the view of dignity as the equal, public status of democratic citizenship.
Rethinking nihilism
Authors: Llanera Tracy
Published: April 2016

The idea of nihilism continues to figure prominently in philosophical debates about the problems of modernity. The aim of this article is to consider how Richard Rorty’s work might advance these debates. The article begins with a discussion of the problem of nihilism as it appears in the recent exchange between Charles Taylor, Hubert Dreyfus and Sean Kelly. It then brings Rorty into the conversation by considering his reflections on egotism and his proposed antidote to it: self-enlargement. I propose that self-creation and solidarity, two key ideas of Rorty’s earlier work, should be understood as redemptive paths to self-enlargement. With this interpretation in place, Rorty can be seen as offering an alternative perspective on the problem of nihilism, one that compares favourably with those put forward by Taylor, Dreyfus and Kelly.
Medium to long-term echo follow-up after ventricular septal defect device closure
Authors: Rahmath Muhammed Riyas K , Numan Mohammed , Dilawar Muhammad
Published: April 2016

Objective

We aimed to assess the medium to long-term results of echocardiographic follow-up of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defect closure with various Amplatzer devices.

Methods

We successfully closed ventricular septal defects percutaneously in 45/49 patients. There were 35 perimembranous and 10 muscular ventricular septal defects. The median age and weight was 8.50 years (range 2–36.70 years) and 24 kg (range 10–106 kg), respectively. The median size of the ventricular septal defect was 7 mm (range 3–14 mm) on transthoracic echocardiography, 6 mm (range 4–15 mm) on transesophageal echocardiography, and 6 mm (range 3–14 mm) on left ventricular angiography. The median pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 1.40 (range 1.0–3.0).

Results

In the 49 attempted cases, the procedure was successful in 45, with a success rate of 91.84%. At a mean follow-up of 54.50 months, echocardiography showed complete closure in 41 (91%) patients and 4 (9%) had a tiny (1–2 mm) residual defect. New-onset aortic regurgitation was seen in 6 (13.3%) patients at 54.50 months, but it was mild in nature. Tricuspid valve regurgitation was observed in 13 (29%) patients at 54.50 follow-up, of whom 10 (22%) had mild and 3 (7%) had moderate regurgitation.

Conclusion

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects is effective, however, these patients need to be followed up regularly to detect device-related problems, specifically, aortic and tricuspid valve regurgitation.
Perspectives on responsibility in practice as revealed through food provisioning offers for rough sleepers
Authors: Midgley Jane
Published: April 2016

The discursive rhetoric of responsibility has become associated with a neo-liberal ‘responsibilisation’ agenda, typified by policy approaches to rough sleeping in England. I draw on feminist ethics of care literature to provide a critical discussion of responsibility. Informed by original ethnographic research I explore how responsibility is practised and negotiated between rough sleepers and local actors through on-site food provisioning activities in the city of Newcastle in northeast England. A distinction and tension was identified between voluntary organisations’ ‘taking care of’ rough sleepers’ food needs, and commissioned service providers and rough sleepers who articulated a ‘caring with’ approach; both practices highlighted a complex interplay between care and responsibilisation framings. The research revealed how these discourses interacted to inform the implementation and responsiveness of local voluntary and policy actors, to the extent that responsibilisation was made possible by the purposeful rendering of collective and situated care practices.
The UK government’s conflicting agendas and ‘harmful’ immigration policies: Shaping South Asian women’s experiences of abuse and ‘exit’
Authors: Mirza Nughmana
Published: April 2016

In the context of the UK government’s immigration policies, this article argues that the secondary nature of gender equality compared to the UK government’s multiculturalism and assimilation agendas has directly impacted on South Asian women’s experiences of family abuse. By drawing on the experiences of 11 Pakistani Muslim women, this article explores the manner in which immigration rules can equip perpetrators of abuse with a powerful tool of oppression, where women can be faced with threats of deportation, or be left economically destitute when leaving an abusive relationship. This article also elucidates the overlooked experiences of UK-domiciled women of South Asian heritage with husbands on a spousal visa who are also being adversely affected by these policies. By acknowledging the hidden nature of abuse, and the economic dependency that characterises women’s experiences of abuse, it is argued that the UK government must critically evaluate its immigration policies.
Is long-term care insurance in South Korea a socialising care policy?
Authors: Kim Hee-Kang
Published: April 2016

This article begins by posing the question of whether Long-Term Care (LTC) Insurance in South Korea is a socialising care policy. The socialisation of care is an application of the ethics of care as a normative principle governing the public domain. Its key characteristics include challenging the feminisation of care, re-evaluating the value of care, and encouraging the social recognition of care. However, LTC Insurance has reinforced the feminisation of care by treating care as a means for job creation, has weakened the value of care by adopting market distribution principles, and has created a hierarchy of care by professionalising care despite achieving institutionalisation to a certain degree. As a result, Korea’s LTC Insurance has failed to achieve the socialisation of care.