bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empleo de paneles compuestos por subproductos de centrales térmicas en fachadas trasdosadas
Authors: Alba M. D. , Marrero M. , Leiva C. , Montes M. V. , Vilches L.
Published: March 2012

Se presentan dos nuevas tipologías de paneles para trasdosado de fachadas, que proporcionan como mejora ambiental la combinación de materiales tradicionales con nuevos materiales reciclados obtenidos de residuos procedentes de la combustión de orujillo y de carbón en centrales térmicas. Con anterioridad a su uso, dichos residuos han sido sometidos a exhaustivos ensayos químicos y los paneles fabricados a partir de los mismos, a ensayos mecánicos, térmicos y de resistencia al fuego que justifican su empleo. Posteriormente, los nuevos paneles hechos a base de materiales reciclados se han implementado como trasdosado de una solución de fachada convencional para verificar su viabilidad funcional y el buen comportamiento aislante del conjunto. Finalmente, de los resultados obtenidos se extrae que los paneles fabricados con cenizas de orujillo tienen un mejor comportamiento mecánico y térmico que los realizados con cenizas de carbón, proporcionando una alternativa constructiva más sostenible a las actuales soluciones de trasdosado existentes, capaz de minimizar el impacto ambiental del conjunto del cerramiento a través de la reducción de su consumo de materias primas y la eliminación de residuos industriales, y de dar cumplimiento a las especificaciones del Código Técnico de la Edificación para la localidad evaluada.
Examining and Understanding Transformative Learning to Foster Technology Professional Development in Higher Education
Authors: Schols Maurice
Published: March 2012

Educators are increasingly encouraged to practice life-long learning. Learning to cope with emerging technologies for educational purposes is, for most educators, a complex process. Consequently, educators engage in critical reflective processes, and consider new views as they learn new knowledge and skills so as how to best apply information and communication technologies to teaching and learning. For educators this process can be intimidating and frustrating. The use of new technologies in education requires educators to reconceptualise traditional educational concepts which means that educators need compelling reasons to dramatically change their teaching and learning practice. This paper highlights the significance of Mezirowâ??s transformative learning theory for teachersâ?? technology professional development and provides insight in teachersâ?? learning processes as they learn emerging technologies for educational purposes. The data discussed in this paper have been drawn from a study at Fontys University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands. The data were collected and analyzed according to a qualitative approach.
Followership's experiences of organisational leadership: A systems psychodynamic perspective
Authors: Greyvenstein Henk , Cilliers Frans
Published: March 2012

Orientation: Followers’ experiences of leadership in their organisations were qualitatively explored and described from a systems psychodynamic perspective. The findings revealed a very negative view on how leadership treats followership, and that leadership is seen as inconsistent.Research purpose: The purpose of the research was to describe followership’s experiences of organisational leadership from a systems psychodynamic perspective.Motivation for the study: Organisational leadership is under tremendous pressure to perform and often under attack, especially if they do not appear to be caring and supportive. The research was planned to better understand the unconscious nature of this phenomenon.Research design, approach and method: Qualitative, descriptive research was used. Data was collected through psychodynamic Listening Posts and analysed using discourse analysis. Working hypotheses were formulated per theme and integrated into the research hypothesis.Main findings: Six themes manifested, namely a negative leadership view; idealisation of the past and blaming the present; obsession with race and gender; constantly changing identity; unfinished business and the future; and cope and hope.Practical/managerial implications: Leadership seem to focus more on business than followership issues which leads to followers feeling disregarded and de-authorised. As a result followers withhold authorisation from leadership which may be instrumental in leaderships’ difficulties to manage change and transformation effectively. Leadership development needs to incorporate the self-authorisation of leaders as well as the invitation of authorisation by leaders.Contribution/value-add: The data would be useful to leadership towards understanding, repairing and optimising their relationships and organisational impact through people.
Following the N2O consumption at the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the eastern South Pacific
Authors: Cornejo M. , Farías L.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Oxygen deficient zones (OMZs), such as those found in the eastern South Pacific (ESP), are the most important N2O sources in the world ocean relative to their volume. N2O production is related to low O2 concentrations and high primary productivity. However, when O2 is sufficiently low, canonical denitrification takes place and N2O consumption can be expected. N2O distribution in the ESP was analyzed over a wide latitudinal range (from 5° to 30° S and 71°–76° to ~84° W) based on ~890 N2O measurements. The intense consumption of N2O appears to be related to secondary NO2− accumulation, the best indicator of very low O2 levels. Using relationships that depend on threshold levels of O2 (<8 μM) and nitrite (>0.75 μM), we reproduced the apparent N2O production (ΔN2O) with high reliability (r2=0.73 p=0.01). Our results contribute to quantify the ratio of N2O production/consumption that is being cycling in O2 deficient water of N2O and may improve the prediction of N2O behavior under future scenarios of the OMZ expansion.
WRF-CMAQ two-way coupled system with aerosol feedback: software development and preliminary results
Authors: Wong D. C. , Pleim J. , Mathur R. , Binkowski F. , Otte T. , Gilliam R. , Pouliot G. , Xiu A. , Young J. O. , Kang D.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Air quality models such as the EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) require meteorological data as part of the input to drive the chemistry and transport simulation. The Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) is used to convert meteorological data into CMAQ-ready input. Key shortcoming of such one-way coupling include: excessive temporal interpolation of coarsely saved meteorological input and lack of feedback of atmospheric pollutant loading on simulated dynamics. We have developed a two-way coupled system to address these issues. A single source code principle was used to construct this two-way coupling system so that CMAQ can be consistently executed as a stand-alone model or part of the coupled system without any code changes; this approach eliminates maintenance of separate code versions for the coupled and uncoupled systems. The design also provides the flexibility to permit users: (1) to adjust the call frequency of WRF and CMAQ to balance the accuracy of the simulation versus computational intensity of the system, and (2) to execute the two-way coupling system with feedbacks to study the effect of gases and aerosols on short wave radiation and subsequent simulated dynamics. Details on the development and implementation of this two-way coupled system are provided. When the coupled system is executed without radiative feedback, computational time is virtually identical when using the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) radiation option and a slightly increased (~8.5%) when using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs (RRTMG) radiation option in the coupled system compared to the offline WRF-CMAQ system. Once the feedback mechanism is turned on, the execution time increases only slightly with CAM but increases about 60% with RRTMG due to the use of a more detailed Mie calculation in this implementation of feedback mechanism. This two-way model with radiative feedback shows noticeably reduced bias in simulated surface shortwave radiation and 2-m temperatures as well improved correlation of simulated ambient ozone and PM2.5 relative to observed values for a test case with significant tropospheric aerosol loading from California wildfires.
Water management simulation games and the construction of knowledge
Authors: Rusca M. , Heun J. , Schwartz K.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. In recent years simulations have become an important part of teaching activities. The reasons behind the popularity of simulation games are twofold. On the one hand, emerging theories on how people learn have called for an experienced-based learning approach. On the other hand, the demand for water management professionals has changed. Three important developments are having considerable consequences for water management programmes, which educate and train these professionals. These developments are the increasing emphasis on integration in water management, the characteristics and speed of reforms in the public sector and the shifting state-society relations in many countries. In response to these developments, demand from the labour market is oriented toward water professionals who need to have both a specialist in-depth knowledge in their own field, as well as the ability to understand and interact with other disciplines and interests. In this context, skills in negotiating, consensus building and working in teams are considered essential for all professionals. In this paper we argue that simulation games have an important role to play in (actively) educating students and training the new generation of water professionals to respond to the above-mentioned challenges. At the same time, simulations are not a panacea for learners and teachers. Challenges of using simulations games include the demands it places on the teacher. Setting up the simulation game, facilitating the delivery and ensuring that learning objectives are achieved requires considerable knowledge and experience as well as considerable time-inputs of the teacher. Moreover, simulation games usually incorporate a case-based learning model, which may neglect or underemphasize theories and conceptualization. For simulations to be effective they have to be embedded in this larger theoretical and conceptual framework. Simulations, therefore, complement rather than substitute traditional teaching methods.
Hydrochemical variability at the Upper Paraguay Basin and Pantanal wetland
Authors: Rezende Filho A. T. , Furian S. , Victoria R. L. , Mascré C. , Valles V. , Barbiero L.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Compartmentalization is a prerequisite to understand large wetlands that receive water from several sources. However, it faces the heterogeneity in space and time, resulting from physical, chemical and biological processes that are specific to wetlands. The Pantanal is a vast seasonally flooded continental wetland located in the centre of South America. The chemical makeup of the waters that supply the Pantanal (70 rivers) has been studied in order to establish a compartmentalization of the wetland based on soil-water interactions. A PCA-based EMMA (End-Members Mixing Analysis) procedure shows that the chemistry of the rivers can be regarded as a mixture of 3 end-members, influenced by lithology and land use, and delimiting large regions. Although the chemical composition of the end-members changed between dry and wet seasons, their spatial distribution was maintained. The results were extended to the floodplain by simple tributary mixing calculation according to the hydrographical network and to the areas of influence for each river when in overflow conditions. The resulting document highlights areas of high geochemical contrast on either side of the river Cuiaba in the north, and of the rivers Aquidauana and Abobral located in the south. The PCA-based treatment on a sampling conducted in the Nhecolândia, a large sub region of the Pantanal floodplain, allowed for the identification and prioritization of the processes that control the geochemical variability of the surface waters. Despite an enormous variability in Electrical Conductivity and pH, all data collected were in agreement with an evaporation process of the Taquari River water, which supplies the region. Evaporation and associated saline precipitations (Mg-calcite, Mg-silicates K-silicates) explained more than 77% of the total variability in the chemistry of the regional surface water sampling.
River monitoring from satellite radar altimetry in the Zambezi River Basin
Authors: Michailovsky C. I. , McEnnis S. , Berry P. A. M. , Smith R. , Bauer-Gottwein P.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Satellite radar altimetry can be used to monitor surface water levels from space. While current and past altimetry missions were designed to study oceans, retracking the waveforms returned over land allows data to be retrieved for smaller water bodies or narrow rivers. In this study, retracked Envisat altimetry data was extracted over the Zambezi River Basin using a detailed river mask based on Landsat imagery. This allowed for stage measurements to be obtained for rivers down to 80 m wide with an RMSE relative to in situ levels of 0.32 to 0.72 m at different locations. The altimetric levels were then converted to discharge using three different methods adapted to different data-availability scenarios: first with an in situ rating curve available, secondly with one simultaneous field measurement of cross-section and discharge, and finally with only historical discharge data available. For the two locations at which all three methods could be applied the accuracies of the different methods were found to be comparable, with RMSE values ranging from 5.5 to 7.4 % terms of high flow estimation relative to in situ gauge measurements. The precision obtained with the different methods was analyzed by running Monte Carlo simulations and also showed comparable values for the three approaches with standard deviations found between 8.2 and 25.8 % of the high flow estimates.
REFORMAS POMBALINAS DA EDUCAÇÃO: O ECLETISMO DA ILUSTRAÇÃO PORTUGUESA
Authors: Neto Vicente Buonadio , Tagliavini João Virgílio
Published: March 2012

As reformas pombalinas da educação mudaram totalmente o panorama educacional português e brasileiro, por criar o primeiro sistema público de ensino, rompendo com a hegemonia educacional dos Jesuítas. Nós analisamos as mudanças ocorridas a partir de 1759 até 1772, período que marca a promulgação do alvará que criou o novo sistema educacional até a reformulação dos estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra, através das interpretações análises de fontes primárias e secundárias. Partindo do pressuposto teórico do materialismo histórico, para compreender a ascensão da burguesia sobre a nobreza em Portugal, discutir e analisar como se desenvolveu o ecletismo da ilustração portuguesa, dentro das reformas pombalinas da educação.
SEI QUE EXISTE, MAS NÃO QUERO VER: O PRECONCEITO COM CRIANÇAS NEGRAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Lima Thaísa Oliveira
Published: March 2012

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida na disciplina de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC), do curso de Pedagogia. Foi pensado ao longo do curso, mas, especialmente durante as atividades de práticas na disciplina de Estágio em Educação Infantil e Anos Inicias I e II, realizado em instituições de Educação Infantil (EI) na cidade de Jatai-Goiás. Tem como objetivos compreender como tem se constituído a inserção da criança negra nas instituições de EI jataiense; identificar existência ou não preconceitos em relação a criança negra nessa etapa de educação; verificar atitudes e comportamentos de socialização entre crianças negras e demais crianças da turma, corpo docente e demais funcionários da instituição. Inicialmente fizemos um estudo da produção bibliográfica sobre a inserção da criança negra em diferentes instituições de EI; desenvolvemos também observações em duas instituições de EI para verificar se existiam ou não preconceitos com as crianças nestas instituições, observando as atitudes entre as crianças, entre os adultos e as crianças em relação a algum tipo de preconceito racial. A pesquisa que serviu de base no presente trabalho teve abordagem qualitativa, visto que esta se preocupou com um nível de realidade que não podia ser quantificado. Trabalhamos com um universo de significações, motivos, aspirações, crenças, valores e atitudes, o que correspondia a um espaço mais profundo das relações, dos processos e dos fenômenos que não podiam ser reduzidos à operacionalização de variáveis. Os autores que embasam esta pesquisa foram: Borges Pereira (1987); Cavalleiro (2003, 2009); Jesus (2006); Trinidad (2009), dentre outros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: preconceito, educação infantil, diversidade cultural
GRUPOS DE ENCONTRO COM MORADORES DE RUA DA CIDADE DE JATAÍ-GO: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA PSICODRAMÁTICA
Authors: Vieira Érico Douglas , Assis Bárbara Maria , Silva Denice , Meira Fernanda Silva de , Rocha Zelia
Published: March 2012

O trabalho descreve a promoção de grupos de encontro semanais realizados durante um ano com público alvo de moradores de rua e pessoas em situação de risco social da cidade de Jataí-GO. Os encontros foram planejados adotando-se a metodologia do Psicodrama que permitiu a leitura do processo grupal bem como ferramentas técnicas para as intervenções. A natureza do trabalho é de extensão com a participação de um docente e seis discentes, tendo como um dos objetivos a aproximação dos alunos com a realidade da cidade. Outro foco adotado foi a criação de um espaço para reflexão e trocas de experiências com o foco na promoção da autonomia da população atendida. Observamos uma transformação do grupo que, no início se comportava de modo fechado e resistente. O vínculo de confiança entre a equipe e o grupo foi construído e importantes trocas de experiências entre eles foram sendo tecidas. Um crescente processo de responsabilização pela própria vida foi um resultado importante observado entre os membros do grupo.
A LUTA DO CAMPONÊS POR UMA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECÍFICA PARA O MEIO RURAL NO AMBIENTE EM QUE SE ENCONTRA
Authors: Aguilar Andrea Lopes
Published: March 2012

Este artigo busca discutir a educação no MST e como esta se constitui em parte fundamental da luta do movimento e também no processo de luta pela terra, deixando claro que não é uma educação desvinculada a tudo o que os sujeitos sem terra lutam e sim uma educação específica, com parâmetros específicos, currículos específicos, ou seja, uma pedagogia voltada para o cotidiano dos educandos do meio rural.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO E PARTICIPAÇÃO DA FAMÍLIA NA FORMAÇÃO ESCOLAR DOS FILHOS
Authors: Santos Flávio Reis
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisa realizada no período de agosto/2007 a julho/2009, no qual reunimos algumas informações colhidas nas investigações efetuadas com famílias pobres de um bairro periférico paulistano e apresentamos as nossas constatações acerca das condições que incorrem sobre a participação da família na formação escolar de seus filhos.
O PAPEL DO DOCENTE UNIVERSITÁRIO NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Franzati Simone Gonçalves
Published: March 2012

Esse artigo aqui presente propõe apresentar à relevância do papel do docente universitário na educação a distância, sendo que, a educação desde seus primórdios vem se transformando e chegou para romper barreiras, o docente atualmente, não é mais a única fonte do conhecimento, mas aquele que estimula e orienta na busca de novos conhecimentos.
O PROFESSOR E A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Lemos Dinara Pereira
Published: March 2012

O presente trabalho discute a importância do papel do professor em promover na escola um ambiente intencionalmente organizado, com vistas a favorecer a construção do conhecimento pelo aluno. Nesta perspectiva o professor deve conhecer o desenvolvimento e como se dá a construção do conhecimento, os processos envolvidos e seu papel selecionando conteúdos que os alunos queiram aprender, que faça sentido para os mesmos, que os instigue a busca e a pesquisa.
Pediatric retinal detachment in cutis aplasia and cutis marmorata telangiectasia
Authors: Lagan Maeve , Brennan Rosie , McLoone Eibhlin
Published: March 2012

Purpose

This is a report of 2 cases of cutis aplasia and cutis marmorata telangiectasia with associated retinal detachment.

Methods

Retrospective case report.

Results

Illustration of ophthalmic associations of the rare congenital dermatologic presentations and description of successful treatment with laser photocoagulation.

Conclusions

Awareness of the association between retinal detachment and cutis aplasia and cutis marmorata should be acted upon as laser photocoagulation has been shown in this case report to successfully treat the associated retinal detachment.
The Pattern of Presentation and Prevalence of Tuberculosis in HIV-Seropositive Patients Seen at Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Affusim Christopher C. , Kesieme Emeka , Abah Vivien O.
Published: March 2012

Background. The emergence of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), led to the rise in the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. However, the trend is being reversed recently due to the widespread use of effective Anti-Retrovirals. Immunosuppression induced by HIV infection modified the clinical presentation of TB, resulting in atypical signs and symptoms, and a more frequent extrapulmonary presentation. This study was undertaken to determine the pattern of presentation and prevalence of TB in HIV seropositive patients seen in Benin City, Nigeria, from January to April, 2007. Method. The study was done using 330 HIV positive patients (123 males and 207 females). A designed questionnaire was used as a diagnostic instrument. Results. The prevalence of TB HIV was found to be 33.9%. It was found to be commoner in females, commonest in the age group 30–39 years. Pulmonary TB was the commonest type of TB found (78.6%). This was followed by TB adenitis (12.5%). The incidence of extrapulmonary TB was 21.4%. There was a high incidence of atypical chest X-ray features and high frequency of negative sputum smears. Conclusions. The overall prevalence rate of TB in HIV (33.9%), and the extrapulmonary presentation of TB are high. Some investigation results were found to be atypical in those with both infections. Physicians should be aware of this pattern of presentation and the atypical findings on investigation for early diagnosis and treatment.
Structural Modeling and Analysis of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein-1 of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Andonissamy Jerome , Singh S. K. , Agarwal S. K.
Published: March 2012

The present study was conducted to design and analyze the structural model of buffalo pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (PAG-1) using bioinformatics. Structural modeling of the deduced buffalo PAG-1 protein was done using PHYRE, CONSURF servers and its structure was subsequently constructed using MODELLER 9.9 and PyMOL softwares Buffalo PAG-1 structural conformity was analyzed using PROSA, WHATIF, and 3D-PSSM servers. Designed buffalo PAG-1 protein structure on BLAST analysis retrieved protein structures belonging to aspartic proteinase family. Moreover in silico analysis revealed buffalo PAG-1 protein retained bilobed structure with pepstatin-binding clefts near the active sites by docking studies with pepstatin A using PatchDock server. Structural studies revealed that the amino and carboxy terminal containing aspartic residues are highly conserved and buried within the protein structure. Structural conformity studies showed that more than 90% of the residues lie inside favored and allowed regions. It was also deduced that buffalo PAG-1 possesses low and high energy zones with a very low threshold for proteolysis ascertaining the stableness of the buffalo PAG-1 protein structure. This study depicts the structural conformity and stability of buffalo PAG-1 protein.
Holidays in Kazan: The Public Sphere and the Politics of Religious Authority among Tatars in 1914
Authors: Naganawa Norihiro
Published: March 2012

This article demonstrates that it was the public sphere shaped by the Kazan city duma and the local press, rather than the tsarist state alone, that strengthened Muslim identity among the urban Tatars. Norihiro Naganawa argues that the invocation of the empire's ruling principle of religious tolerance split the duma along confessional lines and undermined its arbitrating role. He also examines the political discussions among the local Tatar intellectuals over the timing and meaning of Islamic holidays. While the Spiritual Assembly, the long-standing hub of Muslim-state interaction, provided leverage for the mullahs in their efforts to maintain a secure domain for religion, this security dissipated as it became entangled in the competition for authority among increasingly numerous actors speaking for Islam and nation. Naganawa also suggests that late imperial Russia was confronted by the profound theoretical challenge of religious pluralism, to which not tsarism, nor liberal democracy, nor secularism had or have easy answers.
Sergei Eisenstein'sIvan the Terribleand the Renaissance: An Example of Stalinist Cosmopolitanism?
Authors: Clark Katerina
Published: March 2012

In this article Katerina Clark argues that Sergei Eisenstein'sIvan the Terribletrilogy should not be taken as an unambiguous example of the revival of the national in Stalinist culture of the 1930s and 1940s. Clark identifies Eisenstein as a “cosmopolitan patriot” and proposes that the film can be interpreted, inter alia, in terms of this orientation, focusing on the role of the west European Renaissance in the film. This link is explicit in the Prologue and in an article by Eisenstein, which equate Ivan's ruthless exercise of power and use of violence with the record of such Renaissance giants as Henry VIII and Catherine de Medici. But the link is also implicit in some of the visual imagery and the plot structure (which draws on the Elizabethan revenge tragedy). In such allusions to the Renaissance, Clark contends, Eisenstein was effectively entering into European debates of the fascist era about “humanism,” “cosmopolitanism,” and internationalism, with a position that emerges as both nuanced and conflicted.
Management as a Domain-Relative Practice that Requires and Develops Practical Wisdom
Authors: Beabout Gregory R.
Published: March 2012

Although Alasdair MacIntyre has criticized both the market economy and applied ethics, his writing has generated significant discussion within the literature of business ethics and organizational studies. In this article, I extend this conversation by proposing the use of MacIntyre’s account of the virtues to conceive of management as a domain-relative practice that requires and develops practical wisdom. I proceed in four steps. First, I explain MacIntyre’s account of the virtues in light of his definition of a “practice.” Second, I examine his distinction between “practices” and “institutions.” Third, I explain what I mean by a “domain-relative practice” and defend the claim that it is helpful to conceive of management in those terms. Finally, I highlight several features of practical wisdom as a virtue developed in and integral to standards of excellence within management as a domain-relative practice.
Virtue Ethics as a Resource in Business
Authors: Audi Robert
Published: March 2012

This article provides an account of virtues as praiseworthy traits of character with a far-reaching capacity to influence conduct. Virtues supply their possessors both with good reasons that indicate, for diverse contexts, what sort of thing should be done and with motivation to do them. This motivational power of virtue is crucial for the question of what kind of person, or businessperson, one wants to be. The article shows how the contrast between virtue ethics and rule ethics is often drawn too sharply and indicates how virtue theories can incorporate both theoretical and practical uses of rules. More generally, it shows how a virtue orientation affects attitudes in management practices and how an understanding of certain virtues can help in making better decisions, both ethically and in relation to success in business.
The Virtue of Governance, the Governance of Virtue
Authors: Moore Geoff
Published: March 2012

The current economic and preceding financial crises seem to provide evidence in favour of the self-destruction thesis of capitalism. Responses to the crisis have been polarised. Some suggest that regulatory changes are all that is needed. Others suggest the need to change the economic system by developing a new global economic ethic. The first is too limited, the second too utopian.

This article suggests that a MacIntyrean virtue ethics approach provides both a more convincing diagnosis of the problem and leads to a more workable prescription. First, we need to understand the internal contradictions of the tradition that has developed of how to ’do‘ business. Then we need the virtues to be exercised inside practices and institutions. But virtue itself needs to be institutionalised; we need an appropriate governance of virtue in organizations. Even though governance is usually taken to ‘crowd out’ virtue, this article proposes an approach to governance that ‘crowds in’ virtue.
Adam Smith’s Bourgeois Virtues in Competition
Authors: Wells Thomas , Graafland Johan
Published: March 2012

Whether or not capitalism is compatible with ethics is a long standing dispute. We take up an approach to virtue ethics inspired by Adam Smith and consider how market competition influences the virtues most associated with modern commercial society. Up to a point, competition nurtures and supports such virtues as prudence, temperance, civility, industriousness and honesty. But there are also various mechanisms by which competition can have deleterious effects on the institutions and incentives necessary for sustaining even these most commercially friendly of virtues. It is often supposed that if competitive markets are good, more competition must always be better. However, in the long run competition enhancing policies that neglect the nurturing and support of the bourgeois virtues may undermine the continued flourishing of modern commercial society.
Between‐phase calibration modeling and transition analysis for phase‐based quality interpretation and prediction
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Gao Furong , Sun Youxian
Published: March 2012

The quality‐concerned between‐phase transition analysis is performed and an improved calibration modeling strategy is designed for quality prediction and interpretation in multiphase batch processes. From the between‐phase viewpoint, the quality‐related phase behaviors are decomposed and two subspaces are separated. In common subspace, the underlying quality‐relevant variation stays invariable between the neighboring phases, showing the common contribution to quality. The other part changes with the alternation of phases and has the different influences on quality interpretation, termed specific subspace here. Based on subspace separation, between‐phase transition regions are distinguished from steady phases. Different models are developed in steady phases and transition regions respectively for online quality prediction. Offline quality analyses are also conducted in two subspaces to explore the time cumulative effects. The proposed method gives an interesting insight into the phase behaviors and between‐phase transitions for quality prediction. The feasibility and performance of the proposed method are illustrated with a typical multiphase batch process. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 108–119, 2013
Moisture content distribution in semibatch drying processes. I. Constant particle drying rate
Authors: Nitert Bernardus J. , Hounslow Michael J.
Published: March 2012

Semibatch drying processes include a period of feeding wet particles during drying. This results in different residence times of particles in the dryer and thus generation of a moisture content distribution. Describing these processes in a model that takes this moisture content distribution into account can be complicated. Knowledge of minimum or maximum values of the moisture content distribution is often desired for subsequent process steps or end product quality. This article presents a model that not only describes the overall average moisture content in time during semibatch drying put also gives the evolution of the moisture content distribution in time. A novel solution strategy based on the “method of moments” and “method of characteristics” is presented that solves the resulting ordinary differential equations in a piecewise manner. Simulations for a semibatch fluidized bed drying process give results that are feasible and realistic. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Nine genes that may contribute to partial trisomy (6)(p22→pter) and unique presentation of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous with retinal detachment
Authors: Su Pen‐Hua , Lee Inn‐Chi , Yang Shun‐Fa , Ng Yan‐Yan , Liu Chan‐Sheng , Chen Jia‐Yuh
Published: March 2012

We report on a newborn girl with facial anomalies, a congenital heart defect, severe pre‐ and postnatal growth retardation, feeding problems, and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. Cytogenetic analysis by high resolution GTG banding showed extra chromosomal material on the short arm of one chromosome 1 of the patient, but neither parent. SKY and CGH analysis demonstrated that the patient had a de novo 46,XX, der(1)t(1;6)(p36.3; p22). Compared with previously reported cases of partial trisomy 6p22 syndrome, this patient exhibited a unique condition for this syndrome: persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) with retinal detachment. The human genome database was searched for candidate genes and we propose the following nine genes located in the 6p22→6pter region for their potential contribution to the phenotype of partial trisomy 6p22→pter and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) with retinal detachment: Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1), FOXF2, FOXC1, NRN1, EDN1, ATXN1, DEK oncogene, E2F3, and NRNS1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical description of a patient carrying the smallest reported deletion involving 10p14 region
Authors: Melis Daniela , Genesio Rita , Boemio Pasquale , Del Giudice Ennio , Cappuccio Gerarda , Mormile Angela , Ronga Valentina , Conti Anna , Imperati Floriana , Nitsch Lucio , Andria Generoso
Published: March 2012

Haploinsufficiency of a region located distal to 10p14 designated HDR1, is responsible for hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal anomalies (HDR syndrome). Haploinsufficiency of a more proximal region, located on 10p13‐10p14, designated as DGCR2 is associated with congenital heart defects and thymus hypoplasia/aplasia or T cell defect. We describe a patient showing facial dysmorphisms, delayed psychomotor development and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and carrying a 10p14 deletion, the smallest deletion found in the literature so far. Our patient, carrying a partial deletion of the DGCR2 region and of the HDR1 region, including the GATA3 gene, showed, unexpectedly, only few of the clinical features of DiGeorge 2 syndrome (psychomotor retardation, palpebral ptosis, epicanthic folds, anteverted nares, cryptorchidism, hand/foot abnormalities) and did not show other typical signs, such as cardiac defect, cleft palate, and abnormal T cell levels. Of the three characteristic features of the HDR syndrome, our patient had only sensorineural deafness. On the basis of the revision of the other cases reported in the literature with a deletion including the 10p14 region, we suggest that GATA3 haploinsufficiency, although not recorded for each patient, is responsible for deafness. The present case shows that even this small 10p deletion is responsible for a specific phenotype. We also underline the importance of CGH‐array, in order to obtain a more precise physical mapping of the 10p deletions and an accurate genotype–phenotype correlation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A MID1 gene mutation in a patient with Opitz G/BBB syndrome that altered the 3D structure of SPRY domain
Authors: Hu Ching‐Hsuan , Liu Yu‐Fan , Yu Ju‐Shan , Ng Yan‐Yan , Chen Suh‐Jen , Su Pen‐Hua , Chen Jia‐Yuh
Published: March 2012

Mutations in the MID1 gene result in X‐linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome (OS), a disorder that affects development of midline structures and comprises hypertelorism, cleft lip/palate, hypospadias, and laryngo‐tracheo‐esophageal abnormalities, and, at times, neurological, anal, and cardiac defects. MID1 gene abnormalities include missense, nonsense, and splicing mutations, small insertions, small deletions, and complex rearrangements. Here, we present a patient with Opitz G/BBB syndrome and a unique MID1 gene point mutation c.1703T<C (p. Ile568Thr) in exon 10. This mutation was located in the loop between β5 and β6 beta pleated sheets in the SPRY domain. According to our 3D models based on the PRY‐SPRY domain of the human TRIM72, the I568T mutation altered the conformation in the loops between β5 and β6 and between β7 and β8. Thus, the I568T mutation altered the conformation of surface B of the binding pocket and may affect the binding affinity to the PRY domain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myopathy in a 20‐year‐old female patient with D4ST‐1 deficient Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome due to a homozygous CHST14 mutation
Authors: Voermans N.C. , Kempers M. , Lammens M. , van Alfen N. , Janssen M.C. , Bönnemann C. , van Engelen B.G. , Hamel B.C.
Published: March 2012

We here report on a 20‐year‐old female patient with EDS due to a homozygous CHST14 single nucleotide deletion resulting in D4ST‐1 deficiency, accompanied by muscle hypoplasia and muscle weakness. Findings of muscle ultrasound, electromyography, and muscle biopsy pointed to a myopathy, similarly as in other EDS types. This myopathy probably contributes to the gross motor developmental delay in this type of EDS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurodevelopmental features in 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome: Report of a new patient with intractable seizures and review of literature
Authors: Motobayashi Mitsuo , Nishimura‐Tadaki Akira , Inaba Yuji , Kosho Tomoki , Miyatake Satoko , Niimi Taemi , Nishimura Takafumi , Wakui Keiko , Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Matsumoto Naomichi , Koike Kenichi
Published: March 2012

2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome is a recently characterized chromosomal aberration disorder uncovered through array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Although the cardinal feature is intellectual disability (ID), neurodevelopmental features of the syndrome have not been systematically reviewed. We present a 5‐year‐old boy with severe psychomotor developmental delay/ID, progressive microcephaly with brain atrophy, growth retardation, and several external anomalies. He manifested intractable epilepsy, effectively treated with combined antiepileptic drug therapy including topiramate. Array CGH demonstrated a de novo interstitial deletion of approximately 1 Mb at 2q23.1–q23.2, involving four genes including MBD5. Nineteen patients have been reported to have the syndrome, including present patient. All patients whose data were available had ID, 17 patients (89%) had seizures, and microcephaly was evident in 9 of 18 patients (50%). Deletion sizes ranged from 200 kb to 5.5 Mb, comprising 1–15 genes. MBD5, the only gene deleted in all patients, is considered to be responsible for ID and epilepsy. Furthermore, the deletion junction was sequenced for the first time in a patient with the syndrome; and homology of three nucleotides, identified at the distal and proximal breakpoints, suggested that the deletion might have been mediated by recently‐delineated genomic rearrangement mechanism Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS)/microhomology‐mediated break‐induced replication (MMBIR). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subtelomeric 6.7 Mb trisomy 10p and 5.6 Mb monosomy 21q detected by FISH and array‐CGH in three related patients
Authors: Szabó Gabriella P. , Knegt Alida C. , Ujfalusi Anikó , Balogh Erzsébet , Szabó Tamás , Oláh Éva
Published: March 2012

Cryptic subtelomeric chromosomal aberrations are responsible for 5–10% of moderate/severe and 1% of mild intellectual disability. Unbalanced subtelomeric chromosomal rearrangements result in variable phenotypes which seem to be highly influenced by both the size of the duplication/deletion and the chromosomes involved in the translocation. We report on three related patients with moderate intellectual disability, language delay, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, cardiac anomalies, scoliosis, and kyphosis in whom a familial (maternal) unbalanced submicroscopic translocation was found by subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This rearrangement resulted in a partial trisomy 10pter and partial monosomy 21qter. The karyotype was 46,XY.ish der(21)t(10;21)(p14;q22.2). Confirmation of a 6.7 Mb size distal duplication of the p15.3–14 region of chromosome 10 and a 5.6 Mb distal deletion of the q22.2–22.3 region of chromosome 21 was obtained by array‐CGH. To our best knowledge, such a composition of subtelomeric unbalanced translocations has not yet been published. Detection of this aberration in successive pregnancies of carrier members of the family by prenatal FISH could prevent the recurrence of the disease. Furthermore, detection of the rearrangements and identification of genes located in the chromosomal regions involved might be of interest. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neonatal detection of 5p13.2 duplication and delineation of the phenotype
Authors: Romero M. Carmen Carrascosa , Hoyo Rosa García , Calvente María , Cano María Baquero , Castillo Llanos González , Suela Javier
Published: March 2012

A newborn boy with broad forehead, mild microretrognathia, large hands and feet, arachnodactyly and a cortical thumb also had left renal agenesis, dysgenesis of corpus callosum with psychomotor delay. After olignucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) analysis, we detected a 900 kb duplication in cytoband 5p13.2, apperently a first clinical description. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Male sex bias in placental dysfunction
Authors: Murji Ally , Proctor Leslie K. , Paterson Andrew D. , Chitayat David , Weksberg Rosanna , Kingdom John
Published: March 2012

Several reports suggest a male fetal preponderance in a variety of complications of pregnancy attributable to severe placental dysfunction (SPD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our primary objective was to explore the relationship between fetal sex and the spectrum of conditions implicated in abnormal placentation. We identified singleton pregnancies with a fetus delivered between 20 + 0 and 32 + 6 weeks of gestation with one or more pregnancy complications attributed to SPD (severe pre‐eclampsia, intra‐uterine fetal death, intra‐uterine growth restriction, abnormal Doppler studies, abruption) at a single institution between 1999 and 2007. Pedigrees of index cases were created to define the relationship between fetal sex and the risk of SPD. We identified 132 index cases, 97/132 (73%) were male. Eighty‐four index cases had a total of 133 sibs, of which 37/133 (28%) were affected with SPD (22 male, 15 female). A male sex preponderance persisted across all manifestations of PD in index cases with sibs. In families with the absence of maternal chronic hypertension (cHTN; n = 70), the index case was 5.9 (95% CI 2.28–16.15;P <0.001) times more likely to be male and most (12/14) affected sibs of male index cases were male, while female index cases had no affected sibs. Our results confirm a male fetal sex preponderance in SPD. In a subgroup analysis of families without cHTN, a significant male bias was found to extend to sibs of index cases. This suggests a potential genetic mechanism predisposing the male fetus to abnormal placental development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morvan syndrome: Clinical and serological observations in 29 cases
Authors: Irani Sarosh R. , Pettingill Philippa , Kleopa Kleopas A. , Schiza Natasa , Waters Patrick , Mazia Claudio , Zuliani Luigi , Watanabe Osamu , Lang Bethan , Buckley Camilla , Vincent Angela
Published: March 2012

Objective:

A study was undertaken to describe the clinical spectrum, voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody specificities, and central nervous system localization of antibody binding in 29 patients diagnosed with Morvan syndrome (MoS).

Methods:

Clinical data were collected using questionnaires. Radioimmunoassay, cell‐based assays, and mouse brain immunohistochemistry were used to characterize the serum antibodies.

Results:

Neuromyotonia (100%), neuropsychiatric features (insomnia 89.7%, confusion 65.5%, amnesia 55.6%, hallucinations 51.9%), dysautonomia (hyperhidrosis 86.2%, cardiovascular 48.3%), and neuropathic pain (62.1%) were the most common manifestations. A total of 93.1% of MoS patients were male. VGKC‐complex antibodies were present in 23 of 29 (79%) MoS patients at referral; 24 of 27 available sera had CASPR2, LGI1, or both CASPR2 and LGI1 antibodies (3 also with contactin‐2 antibodies). CASPR2 antibodies were generally higher titer than LGI1 antibodies. Tumors (41.4%), mainly thymomas, were associated with CASPR2 antibodies and a poor prognosis, whereas LGI1 antibodies were associated with serum hyponatremia. In brain tissue regions including the hypothalamus, raphe, and locus coeruleus, commercial antibodies to LGI1 bound to neuronal cell bodies including the antidiuretic hormone‐secreting and orexin‐secreting hypothalamic neurons, whereas CASPR2 commercial antibodies bound more often to the neuropil. MoS antibodies bound similarly, but there was evidence of additional antibodies in some sera that were not adsorbed by LGI1‐ or CASPR2‐expressing cells and bound to mouse Caspr2−/− tissue.

Interpretation:

MoS is clinically distinct from other VGKC‐complex antibody‐associated conditions, and usually is associated with high‐titer CASPR2 antibodies, often accompanied by lower‐titer LGI1 antibodies. CASPR2 and LGI1 antibodies bind to multiple brain regions, which helps to explain the multifocal clinical features of this disease, but other antibodies are likely to play a role in some patients and need to be characterized in future studies. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Atherosclerotic inferior mesenteric artery stenosis resulting in large intestinal hypoperfusion: A paradigm shift in the diagnosis and management of symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Lotun Kapildeo , Shetty Ranjith , Topaz On
Published: March 2012

Symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia results from intestinal hypoperfusion and is classically thought to result from involvement of two or more mesenteric arteries. The celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery are most frequently implicated in this disease process, and their involvement usually results in symptoms of small intestinal ischemia. Symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia resulting predominantly from inferior mesenteric artery involvement has largely been overlooked but does gives rise to its own, unique clinical presentation with symptoms resulting from large intestinal ischemia. We present four patients with atherosclerotic inferior mesenteric artery stenosis with symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia that have unique clinical presentations consistent with large intestinal ischemia that resolved following percutaneous endovascular treatment of the inferior mesenteric artery stenosis. These cases represent a novel approach to the diagnosis and management of this disease process and may warrant a further subclassification of chronic mesenteric ischemia into chronic small intestinal ischemia and chronic large intestinal ischemia.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.