bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do patients and physicians communicate about hereditary angioedema in the United States?
Authors: Jain Gagan , Walter Lauren , Reed Carolyn , O’Donnell Patricia , Troy Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease that manifests as recurrent and debilitating angioedema attacks, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life.

Objective

To assess communication dynamics between patients with HAE and treating physicians and the impact this has on the treatment of HAE in the United States.

Methods

This observational study used an institutional review board–approved protocol to collect four sources of patient–physician communication data from the period between January 2015 and May 2017: in-office conversations between patients aged ≥18 years with HAE and physicians, follow-up dictations with physicians, telephone interviews with patients and physicians, and publicly available social media posts from patients. Participant language was qualitatively assessed and key communication elements and communication gaps identified.

Results

Twenty-five in-office conversations, 14 follow-up physician dictations, and 17 telephone interviews were conducted with a total of 29 unique patients, 4 caregivers, and 14 physicians. In-office conversations were generally physician-driven and focused primarily on symptom frequency, location, and severity; lexicon from both parties centered on “episodes” and “swelling.” During visits, impact on quality of life was not routinely assessed by physicians nor discussed proactively by patients; however, during telephone interviews and online, patients frequently described the multifaceted burden of HAE. Patients highlighted the difficulties they experience by using repetition, emphasis, and metaphors; they also varied the descriptors used for attacks depending on the communication goal. Physicians used intensifiers to emphasize the necessity of rescue medication access, whereas prophylactic treatments were positioned as an option for frequent or laryngeal attacks.

Conclusion

Vocabulary differences suggest that the full impact of HAE is not consistently communicated by patients to physicians during clinical visits, indicating the potential for misaligned understanding of disease burden. A patient-driven, rather than physician-driven approach to the discussions may elicit valuable information that could help to optimize treatment approaches.
Determining propensity for sub-optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to statins and future risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Weng Stephen Franklin , Akyea Ralph Kwame , Man Kenneth KC , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Iyen Barbara , Blais Joseph Edgar , Chan Esther W. , Siu Chung Wah , Qureshi Nadeem , Wong Ian C. K. , Kai Joe
Published: December 2021

Background

Variability in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response to statins is underappreciated. We characterised patients by their statin response (SR), baseline risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 10-year CVD outcomes.

Methods and results

A multivariable model was developed using 183,213 United Kingdom (UK) patients without CVD to predict probability of sub-optimal SR, defined by guidelines as <40% reduction in LDL-C. We externally validated the model in a Hong Kong (HK) cohort (n = 170,904). Patients were stratified into four groups by predicted SR and 10-year CVD risk score: [SR1] optimal SR & low risk; [SR2] sub-optimal SR & low risk; [SR3] optimal SR & high risk; [SR4] sub-optimal SR & high risk; and 10-year hazard ratios (HR) determined for first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Our SR model included 12 characteristics, with an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.71; UK) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.67–0.68; HK). HRs for MACE in predicted sub-optimal SR with low CVD risk groups (SR2 to SR1) were 1.39 (95% CI 1.35–1.43, p<0.001; UK) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.11–1.17, p<0.001; HK). In both cohorts, patients with predicted sub-optimal SR with high CVD risk (SR4 to SR3) had elevated risk of MACE (UK HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32–1.40, p<0.001: HK HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.21–1.28, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Patients with sub-optimal response to statins experienced significantly more MACE, regardless of baseline CVD risk. To enhance cholesterol management for primary prevention, statin response should be considered alongside risk assessment.
Assessing BRCA1 activity in DNA damage repair using human induced pluripotent stem cells as an approach to assist classification of BRCA1 variants of uncertain significance
Authors: Ozgencil Meryem , Barwell Julian , Tischkowitz Marc , Izatt Louise , Kesterton Ian , Simpson Michael , Sharpe Paul , de Sepulveda Paulo , Voisset Edwige , Solomon Ellen
Published: December 2021

Establishing a universally applicable protocol to assess the impact of BRCA1 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) expression is a problem which has yet to be resolved despite major progresses have been made. The numerous difficulties which must be overcome include the choices of cellular models and functional assays. We hypothesised that the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells might facilitate the standardisation of protocols for classification, and could better model the disease process. We generated eight iPS cell lines from patient samples expressing either BRCA1 pathogenic variants, non-pathogenic variants, or BRCA1 VUSs. The impact of these variants on DNA damage repair was examined using a ɣH2AX foci formation assay, a Homologous Repair (HR) reporter assay, and a chromosome abnormality assay. Finally, all lines were tested for their ability to differentiate into mammary lineages in vitro. While the results obtained from the two BRCA1 pathogenic variants were consistent with published data, some other variants exhibited differences. The most striking of these was the BRCA1 variant Y856H (classified as benign), which was unexpectedly found to present a faulty HR repair pathway, a finding linked to the presence of an additional variant in the ATM gene. Finally, all lines were able to differentiate first into mammospheres, and then into more advanced mammary lineages expressing luminal- or basal-specific markers. This study stresses that BRCA1 genetic analysis alone is insufficient to establish a reliable and functional classification for assessment of clinical risk, and that it cannot be performed without considering the other genetic aberrations which may be present in patients. The study also provides promising opportunities for elucidating the physiopathology and clinical evolution of breast cancer, by using iPS cells.
Association of air pollution and homocysteine with global DNA methylation: A population-based study from North India
Authors: Yadav Suniti , Longkumer Imnameren , Garg Priyanka Rani , Joshi Shipra , Rajkumari Sunanda , Devi Naorem Kiranmala , Saraswathy Kallur Nava
Published: December 2021

Background

Anthropogenic air pollution has been implicated in aberrant changes of DNA methylation and homocysteine increase (>15μM/L). Folate (<3 ng/mL) and vitamin B12(<220 pg/mL) deficiencies also reduce global DNA methylation via homocysteine increase. Although B-vitamin supplements can attenuate epigenetic effects of air pollution but such understanding in population-specific studies are lacking. Hence, the present study aims to understand the role of air pollution, homocysteine, and nutritional deficiencies on methylation.

Methods

We examined cross-sectionally, homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12(chemiluminescence) and global DNA methylation (colorimetric ELISA Assay) among 274 and 270 individuals from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively, from a single Mendelian population. Global DNA methylation results were obtained on 254 and 258 samples from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively.

Results

Significant decline in median global DNA methylation was seen as a result of air pollution [high-0.84 (0.37–1.97) vs. low-0.96 (0.45–2.75), p = 0.01]. High homocysteine in combination with air pollution significantly reduced global DNA methylation [high-0.71 (0.34–1.90) vs. low-0.93 (0.45–3.00), p = 0.003]. Folate deficient individuals in high polluted areas [high-0.70 (0.37–1.29) vs. low-1.21 (0.45–3.65)] showed significantly reduced global methylation levels (p = 0.007). In low polluted areas, despite folate deficiency, if normal vitamin B12levels were maintained, global DNA methylation levels improved significantly [2.03 (0.60–5.24), p = 0.007]. Conversely, in high polluted areas despite vitamin B12deficiency, if normal folate status was maintained, global DNA methylation status improved significantly [0.91 (0.36–1.63)] compared to vitamin B12normal individuals [0.54 (0.26–1.13), p = 0.04].

Conclusions

High homocysteine may aggravate the effects of air pollution on DNA methylation. Vitamin B12in low-polluted and folate in high-polluted areas may be strong determinants for changes in DNA methylation levels. The effect of air pollution on methylation levels may be reduced through inclusion of dietary or supplemented B-vitamins. This may serve as public level approach in natural settings to prevent metabolic adversities at community level.
Evaluation of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Test Ag Card for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by a local public health district with a rural population
Authors: Pollreis Rachel E. , Roscoe Clay , Phinney Rachel J. , Malesha Surabhi S. , Burns Matthew C. , Ceniseros Aimee , Washington Charles H. , Nutting Andrew J. , Ball Christopher L.
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, the gold standard for diagnostic testing, may not be readily available or logistically applicable for routine COVID-19 testing in many rural communities in the United States. In this validation study, we compared the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Test Ag Card with SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in 214 participants who sought COVID-19 testing from a local public health district in Idaho, USA. The median age of participants was 35 and 82.7% were symptomatic. Thirty-seven participants (17.3%) had positive RT-PCR results. Results between the two tests were 94.4% concordant. The sensitivity of the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Test Ag Card was 67.6% (95% CI: 50.2–81.9%), and the specificity was 100.0% (95% CI: 97.9–100.0%). The positive predictive value (PPV) for the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Test Ag Card was 100.0% (95% CI: 86.2–100.0%), and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 93.6% (95% CI: 89.1–96.6%). Although the sensitivity of BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Test Ag Card was lower than RT-PCR, rapid results and high specificity support its use for early detection of COVID-19, especially in settings where SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing is not readily available. Rapid antigen tests, such as the BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Test Ag Card, may be a more convenient tool in quickly identifying and preventing COVID-19 transmission, especially in rural settings.
The impact of hypoglycemia on quality of life and related outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Coolen Manon , Broadley Melanie , Hendrieckx Christel , Chatwin Hannah , Clowes Mark , Heller Simon , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Speight Jane , Pouwer Frans ,   for the Hypo-RESOLVE Consortium
Published: December 2021

Objective

To conduct a systematic review to examine associations between hypoglycemia and quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Four databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched systematically in November 2019 and searches were updated in September 2021. Studies were eligible if they included children and/or adolescents with type 1 diabetes, reported on the association between hypoglycemia and QoL (or related outcomes), had a quantitative design, and were published in a peer-reviewed journal after 2000. A protocol was registered the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42020154023). Studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted by outcome and hypoglycemia severity.

Results

In total, 27 studies met inclusion criteria. No hypoglycemia-specific measures of QoL were identified. Evidence for an association between SH and (domains) of generic and diabetes-specific QoL was too limited to draw conclusions, due to heterogenous definitions and operationalizations of hypoglycemia and outcomes across studies. SH was associated with greater worry about hypoglycemia, but was not clearly associated with diabetes distress, depression, anxiety, disordered eating or posttraumatic stress disorder. Although limited, some evidence suggests that more recent, more frequent, or more severe episodes of hypoglycemia may be associated with adverse outcomes and that the context in which hypoglycemia takes places might be important in relation to its impact.

Conclusions

There is insufficient evidence regarding the impact of hypoglycemia on QoL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at this stage. There is a need for further research to examine this relationship, ideally using hypoglycemia-specific QoL measures.
The Alaska Native/American Indian experience of hepatitis C treatment with sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antivirals
Authors: Townshend-Bulson Lisa , Roik Elena , Barbour Youssef , Bruden Dana J. T. , Homan Chriss E. , Espera Hannah G. F. , Stevenson Timothy J. , Hewitt Annette M. , Rhodes Wileina , Gove James E. , Plotnik Julia N. , Snowball Mary M. , McGilvray John , Simons Brenna C. , Johnston Janet M. , McMahon Brian J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs have been effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Limited data are available on safety, tolerability, and efficacy in American Indian or Alaska Native people. We aim to evaluate the treatment outcomes of sofosbuvir- based regimens for treatment of HCV in a real life setting in Alaska Native/American Indian (AN/AI) people.

Methods

AN/AI patients within the Alaska Tribal Health System with confirmed positive anti-HCV and HCV RNA, who were 18 years of age and older were included in the study. Pretreatment baseline patient characteristics, treatment efficacy based on sustained virologic response (SVR) 12 weeks after treatment completion, and adverse effects were assessed. The following treatments were given according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases/Infectious Disease Society of America (AASLD/IDSA) HCV Guidance: ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, sofosbuvir plus weight-based ribavirin, and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir.

Results

We included 501 patients with a mean age of 54.3 (range 21.3–78.3) in the study. Overall SVR was achieved in 95.2% of patients who received one of the three DAA regimens. For those with cirrhosis, overall SVR was 92.8% and for those with genotype 3 91.1% achieved SVR. The most common symptom experienced during treatment was headache. Joint pain was found to decrease during treatment. One person discontinued sofosbuvir plus ribavirin due to myocardial infarction and one discontinued sofosbuvir/velpatasvir due to urticaria.

Conclusions

In the real-world setting, sofosbuvir-based treatment is safe, effective, and well tolerated in AN/AI patients. Sustained virologic response was high regardless of HCV genotype or cirrhosis status.
Automatic Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) analysis: Local and multi-trace approaches
Authors: Tramonti Fantozzi Maria Paola , Faraguna Ugo , Ugon Adrien , Ciuti Gastone , Pinna Andrea
Published: December 2021

The Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) is composed of cycles of two different electroencephalographic features: an activation A-phase followed by a B-phase representing the background activity. CAP is considered a physiological marker of sleep instability. Despite its informative nature, the clinical applications remain limited as CAP analysis is a time-consuming activity. In order to overcome this limit, several automatic detection methods were recently developed. In this paper, two new dimensions were investigated in the attempt to optimize novel, efficient and automatic detection algorithms: 1) many electroencephalographic leads were compared to identify the best local performance, and 2) the global contribution of the concurrent detection across several derivations to CAP identification. The developed algorithms were tested on 41 polysomnographic recordings from normal (n = 8) and pathological (n = 33) subjects. In comparison with the visual CAP analysis as the gold standard, the performance of each algorithm was evaluated. Locally, the detection on the F4-C4 derivation showed the best performance in comparison with all other leads, providing practical suggestions of electrode montage when a lean and minimally invasive approach is preferable. A further improvement in the detection was achieved by a multi-trace method, the Global Analysis—Common Events, to be applied when several recording derivations are available. Moreover, CAP time and CAP rate obtained with these algorithms positively correlated with the ones identified by the scorer. These preliminary findings support efficient automated ways for the evaluation of the sleep instability, generalizable to both normal and pathological subjects affected by different sleep disorders.
The FUR-like regulators PerRA and PerRB integrate a complex regulatory network that promotes mammalian host-adaptation and virulence of Leptospira interrogans
Authors: Grassmann André A. , Zavala-Alvarado Crispin , Bettin Everton B. , Picardeau Mathieu , Benaroudj Nadia , Caimano Melissa J.
Published: December 2021

Leptospira interrogans, the causative agent of most cases of human leptospirosis, must respond to myriad environmental signals during its free-living and pathogenic lifestyles. Previously, we comparedL.interroganscultivatedin vitroandin vivousing a dialysis membrane chamber (DMC) peritoneal implant model. From these studies emerged the importance of genes encoding the Peroxide responsive regulators PerRA and PerRB. First described in inBacillus subtilis, PerRs are widespread in Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, where regulate the expression of gene products involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and virulence. UsingperRAandperRBsingle and double mutants, we establish thatL.interrogansrequires at least one functional PerR for infectivity and renal colonization in a reservoir host. Our finding that theperRA/Bdouble mutant survives at wild-type levels in DMCs is noteworthy as it demonstrates that the loss of virulence is not due to a metabolic lesion (i.e., metal starvation) but instead reflects dysregulation of virulence-related gene products. Comparative RNA-Seq analyses ofperRA,perRBandperRA/Bmutants cultivated within DMCs identified 106 genes that are dysregulated in the double mutant, includingligA,ligBandlvrA/Bsensory histidine kinases. Decreased expression of LigA and LigB in theperRA/Bmutant was not due to loss of LvrAB signaling. The majority of genes in theperRAandperRBsingle and double mutant DMC regulons were differentially expressed onlyin vivo, highlighting the importance of host signals for regulating gene expression inL.interrogans. Importantly, the PerRA, PerRB and PerRA/B DMC regulons each contain multiple genes related to environmental sensing and/or transcriptional regulation. Collectively, our data suggest that PerRA and PerRB are part of a complex regulatory network that promotes host adaptation byL.interroganswithin mammals.
Effects of HPH processing at 400 MPa on proteins of liquid egg products
Authors: Tóth Adrienn , Németh Csaba , Juhász Réka , Zeke Ildikó , Csehi Barbara , Bényi Dóra , Friedrich László
Published: December 2021

In food preservation technologies there are pursuits to apply minimal processing technologies which don’t influence product quality attributes like protein structure. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is one of the minimal processing technologies. The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was studied at 400 MPa 600 s on proteins of liquid egg products (egg yolk, LEY and whole egg, LWE). Thermo-physical, calorimetrical properties were examined on Micro DSC III (differential scanning calorimeter). Our result show that whole egg’s proteins are not desaturated by HHP, but 40% of egg yolk’s proteins had denaturation caused by processing. Aggregation and separation of protein groups can be observed by both products. Changes in protein structures caused texture modifications.
The impact of soil and climatic factors on forest growth
Authors: Balog Kitti , Szabó András , Rásó János
Published: December 2021

This preliminary study reveals the relations between the forest growth (annual dendromass increment; ADMinc - as dependent variable) and some important soil factors, which have effect on plant growth, such as: groundwater level (GWL), groundwater composition (GWC), plant available water capacity (PAWC), depth of humus layer, texture (hyi) and pH of the soil, moreover the maximum concentration (MAX) of salt and CaCCb and the depth of its MAX in the soil profile. 17 plantations (Poplar, Common oak and Black locust) are included in the analysis investigated all over the Great Hungarian Plain. Correlation profile of the above parameters was created explaining that two abiotic parameters limit plant growth: if GWL is deeper than 5 m and if HCO3 concentration in groundwater is high (above 15 meq/L). Within the tested range (0.17 - 2.23 mS/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and 0.5 /sand/ - 4.21 /clay loam/ for hyi), the higher magnitude of EC results in higher ADMinc and the higher hyi (higher proportion of fine soil particles) leads to higher ADMinc The positive relationship of ADMinc with EC suggests good nutrient supply of the soil, while the higher proportion of fine particles refers to better water management properties. Thickness of humus layer is an important soil factor: compared to shallow humus layer, deep one increases ADMinc exponentially. In case of Black locust, PAWC is the substantial factor for growing, unlike Poplar, whose growth depends on groundwater uptake (GWU). This phenomenon originates from the differences between the individual needs of the tree species and differences in root morphology. Merely 4 sampling plots were equipped with meteorological stations, thus the number of climatic parameter data were not enough for statistical analysis. So data for all 17 plots were collected from literature and a general, regionally calculated data were applied (mean rainfall in the vegetation period and aridity index). There was no significant correlation between climatic parameters and ADMinc Further studies and more field investigations are needed in order to clarify the results.
Maximal sustainable harvesting, as a method of raising the wildlife management’s incomes
Authors: Mihalik Bendegúz
Published: December 2021

It is essential for wildlife management, as a sector of economy, to cover its own expenses and gain profit as well. Due to its special nature - since its resources are reviving, but limited - maximalizing the profit must be in line with sustainability of the management. The purpose of my research is the survey of its activities and analyzing the effect of different changes on the income. My calculations are based on data from the Hungarian Game Management Database (basic data from the yearly publications, and more detailed data used with special permit) and questionnaires. Using the data I calculated whether the raised harvest rate were biologically sustainable, and what the amount of the additional income would be. My results are the following: the suggested harvest rates don’t pass the maximal sustainable rate, so it can be used without lowering the populations, and almost 10% more income can be reached from game meat selling.
Growth performance and some morphological traits of Honamli goat kids until weaning age in extensive condition
Authors: Elmaz Özkan , Çolak Mehmet , Asim Akbaç Aykut , Saatci Mustafa
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to determine growth performance until weaning age of Honamli goat kids reared in extensive conditions in Turkey. Study was carried out with 75 Honamli kids (44 female, 31 male), kept at the Research and Training Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University in Burdur, Turkey. Birth weight of male kids was higher than that female kids and also birth weight of single kids was higher than that twin kids. Live weight in the 120th day of male, female, single and twin kids were 24.4 kg, 22.0 kg, 26.9 kg and 21.2 kg, respectively. Withers height, body length, chest circumference and nose length on the 120th day were detected as 61.6 cm, 58.4 cm, 59.2 cm and 18.4 cm, respectively in female Honamli kids. Same measurements were 63.9 cm, 61.7 cm, 62.7 cm and 20.0 cm for males Honamli kids.
Repülőtér mint vonzerő – az élményközpontú szolgáltatás a repülőtereken
Authors: Tóth Dávid , Pfening Ágota
Published: December 2021

Jelen tanulmány napjaink közlekedésének egyik aktuális, jelentős hazai és nemzetközi szakirodalmi háttérrel rendelkező témájával, a repülőterek üzemeltetésével foglalkozik. Azokat egy tág fogalmi rendszerbe ágyazva vizsgálja, miközben kissé szakít a repülőterek klasszikus értelmezésének sémájával. A vizsgálat fókuszába a repülőterek élményalapú szolgáltatásainak kínálatában rejlő lehetőségek kerülnek, miközben a versenyképes repülőterek nem utazási célú felkeresésének opciói és azok piaci sajátosságainak elemzése is górcső alá kerül. Az aktuális és előremutató trendeken kívül hangsúlyt kapnak a repülőterek önálló turisztikai vonzerejének aspektusai, miközben az irodalmi áttekintés és a szerzők által lefolytatott kvantitatív kutatás eredményei rávilágítanak napjaink repülőtér-fejlesztési kihívásaira. A tanulmány következtetései a repülőterek jobb társadalmi elfogadottságát szolgáló eszközöket összegzik.
Jovens
Authors: Hirata Ronaldo
Published: December 2021

Sempre me policio para não cair no mesmo erro das gerações que vieram antes da minha: o de achar que na época deles era tudo sempre melhor. Então, permito que você, leitor, me censure se eu cair nessa mesma armadilha. Sempre, novas ideias e tendências são vistas com desconfiança pelas gerações que já encontraram seu destaque profissional e seu “lugar ao sol”. Daí o choque de conceitos daqueles que nelas viveram, e sobre elas construíram, e daqueles que creem que podem mudar tudo. Eu, como jovem rebelde que fui, achava que poderia quebrar o status quo dentro da Odontologia — e, de maneira afortunada, consegui quebrá-lo parcialmente.
Reabilitação oral guiada pela face
Authors: Stoll Laura Bullamah , Junqueira-Júnior Alvaro Augusto
Published: December 2021

Introdução: O tratamento reabilitador é um grande desafio na Odontologia, pois influencia a estética e a função de maneira impactante. Casos com necessidade de restabelecimento da Dimensão Vertical de Oclusão (DVO) são especialmente desafiadores. Contudo, resultados previsíveis e consistentes são possíveis graças às evoluções das técnicas, da tecnologia e dos materiais restauradores. Descrição: Por meio do relato de um caso clínico, será mostrada uma reabilitação oral adesiva extensa, inicialmente guiada por planejamento digital em paciente com bruxismo e perda severa de tecidos dentais, por atrição e erosão. A escolha da técnica restauradora teve como objetivo recuperar estética e função, evitando abordagens demasiadamente mutiladoras ou de prognóstico duvidoso. A opção por coroas ultrafinas em elementos mais preservados torna possível a recuperação da DVO, ao mesmo tempo em que exige menos desgaste do substrato dental. O planejamento digital permite uma maior previsibilidade em tratamentos complexos, devido à maior quantidade e maior qualidade das informações passadas ao protético, diminuindo a probabilidade de erros durante o tratamento. Resultados: O uso da tecnologia digital mostrou-se muito útil para o planejamento estético desse caso, facilitando a comunicação paciente-dentista-protético e tornando os resultados mais previsíveis. A utilização de técnicas adesivas modernas e o emprego de materiais cerâmicos de alta resistência mecânica tornaram possível a recuperação do tecido dentário perdido, sob o custo de pequeno desgaste do remanescente. Conclusão: Foi demonstrado um meio viável e previsível de intervenção restauradora, impactando positivamente na estética e função, com uma abordagem indireta pouco invasiva
O destino dos dentes decíduos sem sucessores por anodontia parcial
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: December 2021

Introdução e objetivo: O melhor momento para se remover um dente decíduo sem o dente permanente sucessor é reproduzir a natureza e substituir o dente decíduo que seria esfoliado. Para isso, o diagnóstico da anodontia parcial foi estabelecido previamente, para se fechar o espaço ortodonticamente ou manter o espaço para a aplicação de um implante temporário e/ou permanente. Argumentos e discussão: A análise e a decisão devem ser individualizadas para cada caso clínico, de maneira transdisciplinar, em equipe formada minimamente pelo odontopediatra, ortodontista e implantodontista. Mas a seguinte decisão não deve fazer parte do planejamento terapêutico de dente decíduo persistente após o seu tempo de esfoliação e com anodontia parcial do dente sucessor: deixar o dente decíduo no lugar do permanente, para ver como ele ficará, com o tempo. Conclusão: Os seis fundamentos biológicos e clínicos para não se adotar essa decisão são explorados nesse artigo, para que o clínico possa explaná-los aos pais e pacientes, de forma convincente.
The Role of the Mojahedin Khalq Before and After the Islamic Revolution of Iran
Authors: Khandagh Najleh
Published: December 2021

The Mojahedin Khalq Organization was formed in 1965 with an organizational and religious approach and was one of the political groups that fought against both the Pahlavi regime and the Islamic Republic. The main purpose of this group was to oppose the government and their armed methods. In 1971, after the execution of the organization's main leaders, members of the organization came to the conclusion that Islam did not meet the organization's goals for guerrilla and armed operations, and that Marxism could replace Islamic ideology, which were divided into Marxist and religious branches. The religious groups of the Mojahedin Khalq Organization joined Imam Khomeini in 1975, but the Marxist branch, led by Rajavi, fought against the revolution with the idea of seeking supremacy. The main question of this research is how the Mojahedin Khalq Organization has changed its ideological positions and approach to Marxism. In response to this question, it is hypothesized that the Marxist course of the members of the organization gradually began from September 1941 onwards and finally this organization took on a Marxist form and content. This article examines the principles of thought of the Mojahedin Khalq Organization, the process of ideological deviation of the organization and the reason for the failure of the organization and the strategy and performance of this organization after the revolution. The present research has been done using the method of interviews, library and documents in an analytical-descriptive method.
‘Are you going to go?’ Putting a pedagogical grammar rule under the corpus spotlight
Authors: BURTON GRAHAM
Published: December 2021

A rule stating that we tend to avoid using go and come after the future marker going to appears again and again in many coursebooks and grammars used in English Language Teaching, and has done for decades. This article attempts to show, using empirical evidence from corpora, why the rule is inaccurate, and different ways that this might be established. As the rule under consideration is typically framed as a tendency (like many other pedagogical grammar rules), an additional aim of the work is to outline the kinds of corpus analyses researchers and materials designers can potentially use in order to investigate the question of (claimed) linguistic tendencies. The article concludes by discussing why a rule that is apparently inaccurate nevertheless appears again and again in print, arguing that the existence of a well-established and widely-accepted ‘canon’ of ELT grammar means that such inaccuracies in descriptions of grammar can be easily perpetuated
Methodischer Ansatz zur Simulation wissenschaftlichen Schreibens im Fremdsprachenstudium: Vorgehensweise und Probleme bei Vermittlung und Erwerb wissenschaftlicher Textprozeduren
Authors: ILUK JAN
Published: December 2021

The preparation of a written diploma work is often a prerequisite for completion of one’s academic studies. The requirements that it must comply with, require targeted and systematic instruction in developing academic writing skills. This article introduces the concept of academic writing and effects of developing it, based on the simulation of the editing processes of a scholarly text.
Elżbieta Gajewska, Magdalena Sowa, Joanna Kic-Drgas. Filologia wobec wyzwań komunikacji specjalistycznej. Od współpracy z biznesem po kształcenie nauczycieli. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. 2020. Pp. 238
Authors: ZAWACKA-NAJGEBURSKA MARTA
Published: December 2021

Book review. Elżbieta Gajewska, Magdalena Sowa, Joanna Kic-Drgas. Filologia wobec wyzwań komunikacji specjalistycznej. Od współpracy z biznesem po kształcenie nauczycieli. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. 2020. Pp. 238.
Art in the Holocaust: On Josef Bor’s Novella Terezínské rekviem and its Reception
Authors: Ibler Reinhard
Published: December 2021

The name of the Czech writer Josef Bor (1906–1979) is nearly forgotten today, although he was very successful with two works in the sixties. Both works deal with the Holocaust. The novel Opuštěná panenka (1961) is inspired by the author’s own horrible experiences at Terezín, Auschwitz and other places of the Holocaust. In 1963, the novella Terezínské rekviem followed which is subject of this paper. Bor’s novella is about the Jewish musician Rafael Schächter and his staging of Verdi’s Requiem at Terezín. From the viewpoint of reception, this work is interesting on two counts: on the one hand, in the story the reception and interpretation of art play a crucial role, on the other hand, there are some special features in the reception of the novella itself, as the work has mostly been read in the light of the real events the story is referring to, whereas the text’s literary character has often been neglected.
Is There the Holocaust without a Film Music? Analyzing a Croatian and a Serbian Film about the Holocaust
Authors: Jambrešić Kirin Renata
Published: December 2021

This article implies that the impact of cinematic fiction on the capability to imagine and comprehend the trauma of the Holocaust is formed at the intersection of aesthetic, moral, social and ideological frames in particular society. Cinema had a special role for the unification of the Holocaust memory since 1990. In the post-Yugoslav cinema two feature films (Lea and Darija, 2011 and When Day Breaks, 2012) represent the cinematic paradigm shift in dealing with the difficult heritage of the Holocaust in Croatia and Serbia following the break of communism. Although they suffer from apolitical approach to historical issues and mitigate the consequences of local collaboration with the Nazis, as well as take the child as „the figure of infantilization” of the Holocaust (Hirsch 2012), their influence on the “postmemory generation” and the pedagogy of trauma in the region is significant and socially relevant.
The Holocaust in Slovak Drama
Authors: Kročanová Dagmar
Published: December 2021

The article discusses several Slovak plays with the theme of the Holocaust; namely Ticho (Silence) by Juraj Váh, Holokaust (Holocaust) by Viliam Klimáček, and Rabínka (The Woman Rabbi) by Anna Grusková. It also briefly refers to Návrat do života (Return to Life) and Antigona a tí druhí (Antigone and Those Others) by Peter Karvaš, both mediating traumas from concentration camps. Two plays (Ticho and Návrat do života) were written and staged immediately after the Second World War. Karvaš’s Antigona is a rare occurrence of the theme in Slovak drama during the Communism (in the early 1960s), whereas Klimáček’s and Grusková’s plays are recent, both staged in 2012. The article focuses on several aspects of these five plays: on dramatic characters representing “victims”, “witnesses” and “culprits” (Panas, quoted in Gawliński 2007: 19); on references about and/or representation of the Holocaust in dramatic texts; and on the type of the conflict(s) in the plays. It also mentions specific approaches of respective authors when dealing with the theme of the Holocaust, as well as with the relevance of their reflection of the theme for Slovak society in respective periods.
Postmodernistyczne wymazywanie Zagłady (Raymond Federman, Georges Perec, Anatol Ulman)
Authors: Tomczok Marta
Published: December 2021

The article presents three strategies elaborated in the seventies of the last century by the postmodern prose, in order to tell us about the genocide. To name these strategies, the authoress makes use of the terms of blurring, patch, and “sous rapture”, which serve discussing Double or Nothing by Raymond Federman, W, or the Memory of the Childhood by Georges Perec, and Cigi de Montbazon by Anatol Ulman. The essential part in the discussion on the genocide is the reception of the above mentioned novels reconstructed among others on the base of works by Susan Rubin Suleiman along with her conception of the “1.5 generation”. The article also aims at a presentation of the interference between Cigi de Montbazon and European postmodernism exposed in Brian McHaleʼs idea of “worlds under erasure”. It is worth adding that the indicated presentation has not been yet considered.
Returns from Concentration Camps
Authors: Halamová Martina
Published: December 2021

The article is concentrated on the Czech post-war literature, especially on the Czech treatment of the theme regarding returns from concentration camps in the novels written in the second half of 20th century and in contemporary literature. The presented novels, thematizing the mentioned topic, are viewed as representations of those days discourses shaped by the “course of history”. Therefore, the article follows variation of the theme as well as the modification of heros in connection with the transformation of discourses, and tries to describe the reasons of the changing.
Students in sight: Using mobile eye-tracking to investigate mathematics teachers’ gaze behaviour during task instruction-giving
Authors: Maatta Olli , McIntyre Nora , Palomäki Jussi , Hannula Markku S. , Scheinin Patrik , Ihantola Petri
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mobile eye-tracking research has provided evidence both on teachers' visual attention in relation to their intentions and on teachers’ student-centred gaze patterns. However, the importance of a teacher’s eye-movements when giving instructions is unexplored. In this study we used mobile eye-tracking to investigate six teachers’ gaze patterns when they are giving task instructions for a geometry problem in four different phases of a mathematical problem-solving lesson. We analysed the teachers’ eye-tracking data, their verbal data, and classroom video recordings. Our paper brings forth a novel interpretative lens for teacher’s pedagogical intentions communicated by gaze during teacher-led moments such as when introducing new tasks, reorganizing the social structures of students for collaboration, and lesson wrap-ups. A change in the students’ task changes teachers’ gaze patterns, which may indicate a change in teacher’s pedagogical intention. We found that teachers gazed at students throughout the lesson, whereas teachers’ focus was at task-related targets during collaborative instruction-giving more than during the introductory and reflective task instructions. Hence, we suggest two previously not detected gaze types: contextualizing gaze for task readiness and collaborative gaze for task focus to contribute to the present discussion on teacher gaze
Management of a patient in the state of total occlusion of aorta due to Takayasu arteritis in preconceptional and pregnancy period
Authors: Günakan Emre , Akay Tankut , Esin Sertaç
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Total aortic occlusion is a severe complication of Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Pregnancy follow-up in the state of total aortic occlusion due to TAK has not been reported before.

Case presentation

A 35 year-old nulliparous woman with total aortic occlusion in the distal aorta due to TAK, admitted with pregnancy desire. She had developed a collateral vessel system which has maintained the lower body circulation. She was informed about the potential risks after an evaluation and she admitted to our clinic at the seventh week of pregnancy, and acetylsalicylic acid was prescribed. At 20th gestational week anomaly screening was in normal limits although the uterine artery Doppler had lower S/D, PI and RI values. She was followed-up regularly in every two weeks. Vascular examination was performed by using an ankle brachial index (ABI) by duplex ultrasound. At 20th gestational week ankle brachial index score was 0.8–0.9 which indicates mild disease. Around 28th gestational week her claudication got worse again and ABI was in moderate level (0.5–0.8) and low molecular weight heparin was started. Until 37th gestational week her disease was stable, ABI was above 0.5, her blood pressure was in normal limits, no vascular complication occurred and the baby’s growth percentile was at 25th centile. At 37th gestational week a 2,640 g baby was delivered. Patient was discharged without any complications at third post-operative day.

Conclusions

Complicated TAK patients may have good obstetric outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach in experienced tertiary centers.
Effects of iron-related compounds and bilirubin on redox homeostasis in endometriosis and its malignant transformations
Authors: Shigetomi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo , Kobayashi Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense has been reported to differ between women with endometriosis and patients with its malignant transformation. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in redox balance in endometriosis and endometriosis-related ovarian cancer (EAOC) by simultaneously measuring iron-related compounds and bilirubin.

Methods

This study included 235 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis (n=178) and EAOC (n=57). Cyst fluid samples were collected in Nara Medical University hospital from January 2013 to May 2019. The levels of iron-related compounds (total iron, heme iron, free iron, oxyhemoglobin [oxyHb], methemoglobin [metHb], and metHb/oxyHb ratio) and bilirubin were measured.

Results

Total iron, heme iron, free iron, metHb/oxyHb ratio, and bilirubin were significantly elevated in endometriosis compared to EAOC. In both endometriosis and EAOC, iron-related compounds in the cyst were correlated with each other. There was no statistically significant difference in oxyHb and metHb levels between the two groups, but the metHb/oxyHb ratio was significantly higher in endometriosis than in EAOC. Bilirubin was positively correlated with total iron and free iron in EAOC, but there was no correlation between bilirubin and iron-related compounds in endometriosis.

Conclusions

Iron-induced oxidative stress in endometriosis may exceed bilirubin-dependent antioxidant capability, while redox homeostasis in EAOC can be maintained by at least bilirubin.
Eskalationsrisiken im Westpazifik – Inwieweit berühren diese die Interessen der NATO?
Authors: Kirchberger Sarah
Published: December 2021

Die NATO hat China erst seit wenigen Jahren auf dem Radarschirm und reagierte in diesem Zusammenhang auf Herausforderungen, die sich durch eine zunehmende chinesische Präsenz in Europa und in den Global Commons sowie durch Chinas Zusammenarbeit mit Russland ergeben. Allerdings vernachlässigte sie bisher eine Betrachtung der strategischen Rolle, die sie vor dem Hintergrund des chinesisch-amerikanischen Sicherheitsdilemmas bei der Vermeidung eines Großmachtkonflikts spielen könnte. Auch findet bisher das Risiko einer strategischen Gleichzeitigkeit durch koordinierte chinesische und russische Provokationen in Ostasien und in Osteuropa zu wenig Beachtung. Die NATO sollte diese Risiken ernst nehmen, sich ihrer Einflussmöglichkeiten bewusst werden und beginnen, diese zu nutzen.
Die Nordatlantische Allianz und Abschreckung durch Kernwaffen
Authors: Krause Joachim
Published: December 2021

Kurzfassung

Die Nordatlantische Allianz wird bei der Abfassung eines neuen strategischen Konzepts nicht die Frage ausklammern können, welche Rolle Kernwaffen zur Abschreckung einer möglichen Invasion Russlands im Ostseeraum (oder auch im Schwarzmeerraum) zukommen wird. Diese Diskussion muss sich an der aktuellen Bedrohung orientieren und muss offen und ehrlich darlegen, weshalb eine Kriegsverhinderung weiterhin die europäische Teilhabe an der nuklearen Abschreckungsmacht der NATO erfordert. Dabei müssen die Natur der durch Russland verursachten Bedrohung für NATO-Mitglieder aufgezeigt und die Rolle von eurostrategischen Kernwaffen Russlands deutlich benannt werden. Nur so wird es möglich sein, die Rolle von amerikanischen Kernwaffen in Europa sowie die Bedeutung der Verfahren und Instrumente einer nuklearen Teilhabe klar einzuschätzen.
Gesellschaft als Differenz
Authors: Luhmann Niklas
Published: December 2021

Betrachtet man die modernen Gesellschaftsbeschreibungen, so kann man auf einer wissenssoziologischen Ebene der Beobachtung 2. Ordnung feststellen, dass diese im Unterschied zur alteuropäischen Tradition die Einheit der Gesellschaft ihrer internen Differenzierung entgegengesetzt, also Einheit trotz Differenz behauptet haben. Dies gilt bei allen Unterschieden sowohl für die Selbstbeschreibungen der stratifikatorisch differenzierten Gesellschaft wie für die Gesellschaftsmodelle der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft. Von diesen Vorstellungen unterscheidet sich eine Theorie der Gesellschaft, die Gesellschaft nicht mehr als eine (intern differenzierte) Einheit, sondern als (je unterschiedliche) Differenz zur Umwelt versteht und dabei nicht annimmt, dass es eine Übereinstimmung von Differenzen in System und Umwelt gibt. Dazu wird auf die Formentheorie Spencer Browns, das Autopoiesistheorem (operationale Geschlossenheit) und das re-entry-Konzept zurückgegriffen, die als Grundbegriffe einer solchen Gesellschaftstheorie den der Kommunikation als dreistellige Differenz und Sinn als Medium/Form-Unterscheidung nahelegen. Auf dieser Basis kann die Gesellschaftstheorie die Selbstbeschreibungen der Gesellschaft beschreiben, indem sie Frage nach dem Beobachter bzw. nach der anderen Seite der Unterscheidung stellt: wovon unterscheidet sich die Gesellschaft?
Schranken der Kommunikation als Bedingung von Evolution
Authors: Luhmann Niklas
Published: December 2021

Ein evolutionsfähiges System setzt seine Angepasstheit als Bedingung seiner Möglichkeit immer schon voraus. Die strukturellen Kopplungen eines autopoietischen Systems mit seiner Umwelt vermitteln zugleich normales Angepasstsein wie laufende Irritation, dienen aber nicht der Verbesserung der Anpassung an die Umwelt. Evolutionäre Änderungen finden vielmehr ihre Ansatzpunkte im System selbst, indem interne Probleme sich so zuspitzen, dass sie nur durch Strukturmodifikationen bearbeitet werden können. Dieses Verständnis von Evolution lässt sich am Beispiel der Gesellschaft als sozialem System an den Formen der ihr möglichen Kommunikation demonstrieren: die Sprache normalisiert die konstitutive Unterscheidung von Information und Mitteilung, die Schrift überwindet die Engpässe einer auf Mündlichkeit, d. h. Interaktion angewiesenen Gesellschaft, die Semantik stabilisiert kommunikativ erfolgreicher Ideen. Die neueren Entwicklungen im Bereich der elektronischen Kommunikationsvermittlung scheinen nun diese Ausgangslage zu verändern, indem die Prämisse einer Zustimmung oder Ablehnung einer Kommunikation als eine Schranke der Evolution entfällt.