bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOSTERING THE ALPHA GENERATION: A CHARACTER EDUCATION BASED ON JAVANESE UNGGAH UNGGUH (ETIQUETTE) CULTURE IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Adisti Aprilian Ria , Rozikan Muhamad
Published: September 2021

This paper portrays the implementation of character education based on Javanese unggah-ungguh (etiquette) in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Karanganyar, using 24 students from 5th-grade who were mentioned as the alpha generation in 2020. Generally, this generation refers to children born after 2010 in this digital era. The unggah-ungguh is one of the Indonesian ancestral heritages that must be preserved, as though it may originate from Java, it strongly represents the culture of the country’s society. Six (6) characters of Javanese unggah-ungguh were used in this research as indicators, which are tata krama (manners), lembah manah (relent), andhap asor (humility), tepa slira (tolerance), grapyak (friendliness), and ewuh-pekewuh (reluctance). This study was descriptive qualitative research that focused on observing the realization of character education based on this culture, using observation, interview, survey, and documentation as the data collection instruments. As reviewed from the affective theory of Krathwohl Taxonomy, the education character based on Javanese unggah-ungguh has influenced three-component domains of affective attitudes, which are in the level of receiving or attending, responding, and valuing. Lastly, the result showed that implementing character education based on this culture has truly shaped a better personality for students in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Karanganyar as the alpha generation.
HOME LEARNING PATTERN FOR INDONESIAN ELEMENTARY STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Mahmudah Fitri Nur
Published: September 2021

Changes in educational arrangements due to Covid-19 have led to new system adjustments for all elements, especially parents. This study aims to determine the learning patterns at home for elementary school students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study employed qualitative research methods. The approach used was a case study that was performed in the researcher's home environment. Participants consisted of six people and six schools. The data collection technique used a focus group discussion (FGD) with discussion guidelines. The research procedure employed the Creswell model. Data analysis was conducted with the Atlas.ti software version 8. This study observed learning patterns at home during the Covid-19 pandemic, which was by having indicators comprising of convenience place, parental assistance, activity, effective learning, and anticipate problems.
Seventh Forum on China-US Folklore and Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: September 2021

A project report chronicles the Seventh Forum on China US Folklore and Intangible Cultural Heritage held on May 19–22, 2019 in Being, China. Organized within a binational cooperation project of the American Folklore Society and the China Folklore Society, the theme of the forum was Collaborative Work in Museum Folklore and Heritage Studies. In the report, some contexts for the gathering are noted, participants and organizations represented are discussed, and some general themes emerging from the conference are identified.
Reuniting Archaeology and Archives through the Smithsonian Institution’s Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki Papers and Artifacts Project
Authors: Kamph Molly
Published: September 2021

The Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History recently conducted a two-year project to process and connect the archives and artifacts of archaeologists Ralph and Rose Solecki, most famous for their work at the sites of Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar in northern Iraq. Through a collaboration between the archivally-focused National Anthropological Archives and the object-focused Department of Anthropology collections management group, the Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki Papers and Artifacts Project sought to set an example for archaeological collections and archives stewardship by preserving the association between archaeological specimens and archival records through an integrative methodology of archival processing and specimen cataloging to increase their value to future researchers. Further, the project provides a case study intended to contribute to interdisciplinary conversations about the enduring legacy of archaeologists and their collections within archives and museums through collaborative collections and archives management.
Annotating Colonialism
Authors: Treier Leonie
Published: September 2021

This exhibition review essay compares three recent interventions into historic cultural representations at the American Museum of Natural History: the Digital Totem that was placed in the Northwest Coast Hall in 2016 to partially modernize its content, the 2018 reconsideration of the Old New York Diorama, which attempts to correct its stereotypical representations of Native North American peoples, and the 2019 exhibition Addressing the Statue providing context for the Theodore Roosevelt statue. Paying attention to visual and textual strategies, I characterize these three interventions as temporary annotations to what have been remarkably static, long-term cultural representations. I argue that, through these annotations, the museum acknowledges the misrepresentations but does not resolve them. The case studies show varying degrees of critical historical reflection expressing the complexities of negotiating different approaches and agendas to engaging with the museum’s past. I also comment on the pervasiveness of a digital aesthetics in all three projects, even though only the Digital Totem was produced as a digital, interactive intervention into the museum space. The invocation of a digital design vocabulary enhances the impression of annotation.
Восприятие южнокорейцами и россиянами культуры стран-партнеров
Authors: Чой Ву Ик
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена анализу взаимного восприятия культуры жителями Южной Кореи и России. Работа основана на данных опроса, проводившегося с 2016 по 2018 гг. При разработке данных автор приходит к выводу, что южнокорейцы и россияне в целом положительно воспринимают культуру страны-партнеров, а также сотрудничество и экономические отношения между ними. За три года наблюдения взаимный интерес двух народов значительно вырос: доля респондентов, отмечающих низкий уровень своих знаний о культуре страны-партнера и одновременное желание знать больше, выросла как в Южной Корее — с 36 до 51%, так и в России — с 30 до 47%. Максимальный уровень заинтересованности в южнокорейской культуре наблюдается среди россиян с относительно высоким уровнем образования, лиц в возрасте старше 40 лет, а также среди проживающих в Дальневосточном и Северо-Западном федеральных округах. В Южной Корее в аналогичную группу попадают жители регионов Хонам, Кенги и Инчхон, а также лица в возрасте 40-49 и 50-59 лет. Более высокая заинтересованность в культуре наблюдается в группах респондентов, которые хотели бы знать больше о стране-партнере, имеют туристические намерения и испытывают симпатию к народу страны-партнера. В то же время существенной остается доля тех, кто относится к населению страны-партнера нейтрально, затрудняется с определением характера двусторонних экономических отношений, не испытывает особого интереса к стране-партнеру или ее культуре. Минимальная заинтересованность в культуре страны-партнера и в России, и в Южной Корее наблюдается в наиболее молодых возрастных группах: среди респондентов 20-29 и 30-39 лет. Эти категории населения должны оказаться в фокусе интереса исследователей и политиков при разработке планов дальнейшего сотрудничества, они должны стать адресатами программ культурных обменов, работающих на укрепление партнерских связей и создание позитивного имиджа стран-партнеров.
Благодарность. Работа была поддержана Исследовательским фондом Университета иностранных языков Хангук в 2020 г., Министерством образования Республики Корея и Национальным исследовательским фондом Кореи (NRF-2019S1A6A3A02102950). Автор выражает благодарность госпоже Мун Суён, окончившей аспирантуру социологического факультета университета Чунан, за помощь в анализе статистических данных, используемых в статье.
Переход во взрослость российских миллениалов: на пути от получения образования к обретению ответственности и потере оптимизма?
Authors: Нартова Надежда Андреевна , Фатехов Александр Маратович
Published: September 2021

В современном мире молодость выступает не только и не столько автономным этапом жизни человека, сколько периодом обретения компетенций и навыков, необходимых для взрослой жизни. Взрослость же рассматривается как ценность и цель, достижение которой дает человеку статус полноценного члена общества и «полноценной» личности. Классическая модель перехода во взрослость, сформировавшаяся в середине XX века, все менее релевантна изменившимся условиям современности. Актуальная социологическая дискуссия показывает, что достижение взрослости все так же связано с прохождением социо-демографических этапов, однако их последовательность и временная разметка в рамках биографий меняются. Более того, возрастает значение субъективно переживаемых характеристик взросления, таких как обретение автономности и ответственности.
Опираясь на доступные данные всероссийских репрезентативных ежемесячных опросов «Курьер» за 2018—2019 гг. и исследования «Российское “Поколение Z”: Установки и ценности», авторы анализируют переход во взрослость российского поколения миллениалов и демонстрируют, что для современной российской молодежи транзиция во взрослость начинается с получения образования и выхода на рынок труда, сопровождается повышением ответственности, но приводит к снижению удовлетворенности жизнью, ухудшению настроения и потере оптимизма.
Дагестанские мигранты в Астрахани: опыт исследования интеграции
Authors: Казенин Константин Игоревич , Стародубровская Ирина Викторовна
Published: September 2021

В статье на примере мигрантов из Дагестана, проживающих в Астрахани, рассматриваются характеристики замкнутого переселенческого сообщества. Основной исследовательский вопрос состоит в том, насколько стабильна в современных городских условиях социальная замкнутость диаспоры. Рассматриваются факторы, способствующие сохранению или, наоборот, уменьшению такой замкнутости. Также выделяются группы внутри диаспоры, в наибольшей степени расположенные к развитию контактов с другими частями городского социума, к ускоренной адаптации на новом месте проживания. Исследование основано на количественном и качественном опросах, проведенных авторами в Астрахани в 2020 г. Полученные выводы обсуждаются в свете политики по адаптации инокультурных мигрантов в регионах РФ.
Благодарность. Статья отражает результаты исследования в рамках НИР Института экономической политики им. Е.Т. Гайдара и РАНХиГС.
Привлекательность российских территорий: оценка мнений центениалов
Authors: Акимова Ольга Евгеньевна , Волков Сергей Константинович , Ефимов Евгений Геннадиевич
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена выявлению факторов привлекательности российских территорий как места проживания с позиции поколения центениалов. Эмпирической базой исследования выступают данные опроса, проведенного методом онлайн-анкетирования в июле и августе 2020 г. среди студентов шести вузов Волгограда (N = 974). Подбор респондентов осуществлялся методом неслучайной выборки («снежного кома»). Средний возраст опрошенных составил 19 лет, что позволяет рассматривать их как представителей поколения центениалов. Респондентам предлагалось выбрать приоритетные факторы привлекательности территорий из предложенных в авторской модели.
Главным фактором привлекательности для опрошенных стал экономический (уровень заработной платы, трудоустройство и т.д.). Другими факторами в порядке убывания были названы: социальный, географический, культурно-досуговый, технологический и политический. В качестве рекомендаций авторы, с опорой на примеры зарубежного опыта, делают акцент на возможность стимулирования развития городской среды по ряду показателей для удержания молодежи (проактивная образовательная модель, развитие «креативных» отраслей экономики, формирование чистой экосистемы). Подчеркивается системный характер эффектов реформирования проблемных сфер, возможность стимулирования молодежи к региональной оседлости через создание комфортной городской среды.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект № 21-18-00271 «Логика, институты и стратегии развития «сжимающихся» старопромышленных городов: синтез гетеродоксальных подходов».
Динамика пенсионных стратегий и пенсионного поведения россиян в 2005—2020 гг.
Authors: Карева Дарья Евгеньевна , Кузина Ольга Евгеньевна
Published: September 2021

Цель исследования — выявить, как на протяжении 2005—2020 гг. менялись оценки достаточности будущей пенсии со стороны россиян, еще не вышедших на пенсию, а также их представления о путях обеспечения приемлемого уровня жизни на пенсии (в целом по России и в разрезе социально-демографических групп). Для этого авторы используют данные о пенсионных стратегиях россиян, собранные в ходе ежегодного «Мониторинга финансового поведения населения России (2009—2020 гг.)» НИУ ВШЭ, а также данные за 2005 г. «Мониторинга финансовой активности населения» (ЦИРКОН) и 2007 г. (НАФИ). Ключевой вывод работы заключается в том, что, несмотря на произошедшие демографические, экономические, и институциональные изменения, пенсионные стратегии людей не изменились в лучшую сторону: все меньшее число россиян полагает, что пенсии им будет хватать для жизни, также уменьшается число тех, кто рассчитывает на получение дополнительных доходов на пенсии. Финансовые стратегии сбережений на пенсию, хотя и выросли в охвате, так и не стали распространенными.
Благодарность. В данной научной работе использованы результаты проекта «Соотношение формальных и неформальных источников хозяйственной власти в современной российской экономике», выполненного в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2021 году.
INDEKS KEBERLANJUTAN PROGRAM KOTAKU (KOTA TANPA KUMUH) DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Harjo Indhar Wahyu Wira , Kusumastuti Ayu , Rahayu Dewi Puspita , Puspitosari Wida Ayu
Published: September 2021

Program KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh) adalah sebuah program yang diinisiasi oleh Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum, Direktorat Jendral Cipta Karya pada tahun 2016. Pemerintah Kota Malang merupakan salah satu yang melakukan implementasi program ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian campuran yang diimplementasikan dengan mengkombinasikan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan arah teoritis induktif. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan teknik analisa data menggunakan teknik ordinasi Rapfish. Indeks keberlanjutan Program KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh) di Keluruhan Bareng Kota Malang yaitu 59.174. Hal ini diartikan bahawa keberlanjutan program KOTAKU masuk dalam kategori cukup. Kategori ini mengindikasikan bahwa program ini dapat dikatakan tidak terlalu berjalan dengan baik namun juga tidak terlalu berjalan buruk/tidak baik.
Migracje ludności wiejskiej na pograniczu polsko-mołdawskim w XVI wieku
Authors: Jawor Grzegorz
Published: September 2021

W literaturze historycznej dominuje przekonanie o zanikającym w ciągu XVI wieku nurcie migracji transgranicznych, mających miejsce między ziemiami kontrolowanymi przez państwo polsko-litewskie a Mołdawią. W ten sposób szerzące się w tym czasie na ziemiach ruskich osadnictwo na prawie wołoskim miało być dziełem przede wszystkim ludności miejscowej lub zrutenizowanych Wołochów, przybyłych na ten teren jeszcze w XV wieku. Celem zaprezentowanych badań było skonfrontowanie tego poglądu ze słabo dotąd wykorzystanymi źródłami o charakterze masowym, przede wszystkim inwentarzami i lustracjami dóbr królewskich egzystujących na Podolu. W efekcie stwierdzono znaczne natężenie badanych migracji w całym stuleciu. Przebiegały one w przeciwnych kierunkach: Mołdawianie (Wołosi) migrowali do Polski a Rusini przekraczali granicę państwową z Mołdawią. Przygraniczne Podole stanowiło często tylko przejściowy etap tych wędrówek. Z tej krainy imigranci kierowali się w głąb kraju, uczestnicząc aktywnie w procesie lokowania nowych osad pasterskich.
Editorial: Introduction to the special issue on teaching English reading and writing to young learners
Authors: Reynolds Barry Lee , Teng Mark Feng
Published: September 2021

We aimed for this special issue to offer up empirically supported advice to teachers for tackling some of the challenges in teaching reading and writing to young English as a second (L2) or foreign language (FL) learners. These challenges teachers face when providing instruction to young learners include cognitive development, motivation, attention, strategy use, and assessment (Nunan, 2011). It is now well understood that the teaching of reading and writing to young learners can no longer be equated with the teaching of adult learners (Cameron, 2001). In terms of cognitive development, language learners need to go through significant developmental changes in their learning journey from infancy to adulthood (Richardson, 2019). These differences in language learners’ cognitive development call for a need to design language learning tasks and materials that can fit the developmental stages of learners (Teng, 2020a). Language learner motivation can decline over time due to a lack of clarity in the goals of language learning and potential feelings that effort invested in learning the language has not paid off (Linse & Nunan, 2006). Furthermore, as young learners tend to have short attention spans, activities that can maintain their motivation and involvement are essential (Fenyvesi, 2020). Language learning strategy researchers have focused their attention on adult learners; however, we believe they should begin considering young learners’ language use and learning preferences, as this knowledge could help inform teachers’ instruction (Plonsky, 2019). To provide proper instruction, an educator of young learners must understand these needs. This requires the construction of appropriate language assessment tools, which will allow teachers to gauge learners’ strengths and weaknesses; doing so can further facilitate teacher scaffolding and other forms of feedback (Ma & Bui, this issue). Despite the acknowledged impact that these issues have on the teaching of reading and writing to young learners, we are still lacking in empirical evidence to support many creative and pedagogical decisions made in the young learner classroom (Cameron & McKay, 2010). Our intention in this special issue was to further focus language researchers’ attention on the young learner classroom and to encourage a rethinking of classroom practices for teaching reading and writing.
Topic familiarity and story continuation in young English as a foreign language learners’ writing tasks
Authors: Bui Gavin , Luo Xueya
Published: September 2021

Prior research demonstrates that primary and secondary school teachers often find teaching young learners to write in a second language a slow and effortful process. Moreover, students in this age range lack the motivation to write. Therefore, it is important to explore the EFL writing pedagogy suitable for young learners. The present study investigated how story continuation (with or without reading input) under different topic familiarity conditions serves as a viable pedagogical means for secondary school students. Ninety-one Chinese students in four intact classes of comparable proficiency levels were assigned four writing task conditions in a 2 ⨉ 2 factorial design. Group 1 (Fam) was provided with the beginning of a familiar story in L1 Chinese and was required to complete the story in L2 English. Group 2 (UnFam) had the same task as Group 1, with an unfamiliar story. Group 3 (Fam+Input) was initially provided with the complete familiar story in Chinese (the same story as Group 1) as reading input and were then instructed to write the story in English with the reading material taken away. Group 4 (Unfam+Input) received the full unfamiliar story in Chinese (the same story as Group 2) as input before writing. Again they were not allowed to refer to the reading in the composing process. The results revealed that the young learners who wrote on familiar topics (Groups 1 and 3) produced longer texts and demonstrated greater lexical diversity than those with unfamiliar stories (Groups 2 and 4), although topic familiarity did not affect their writing quality or lexical sophistication. As for the story continuation conditions, students who completed writing the story without the L1 reading input on the topics (Groups 1 and 2) developed longer compositions and better writing quality than those with such input (Groups 3 and 4), although their lexical profiles (both lexical diversity and lexical sophistication) remained uninfluenced. Pedagogical implications for EFL writing among young learners were also discussed in the present study.
Creative writing for publication: An action research study of motivation, engagement, and language development in Argentinian secondary schools
Authors: Banegas Darío Luis , Lowe Robert J.
Published: September 2021

There has been much research on the connections between second language (L2) writing and learner motivation. However, few studies have focused on contexts in which L2 learning is mandatory, rather than elective. This technical action research-based study evaluated a project in which teenage learners in Argentina were engaged in creative writing tasks, with the goal of including their final written pieces in a formal publication. Through focus group interviews and group discussions, it was found that the project had increased the motivation not only of the learners, but also of the teachers. Further, the study highlights the importance of making such writing tasks student-centered, and calls attention to the role played by the teachers in motivating and engaging students. The study suggests that effort should be made to develop more initiatives in formal education settings in order to motivate and engage learners involved in mandatory language study.
Enhanced shuffled frog leaping algorithm with improved local exploration and energy-biased load reduction phase for load balancing of gateways in WSNs
Authors: Adamuthe Amol , Pathan Abdulhameed
Published: September 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown widely due to their application in various domains, such as surveillance, healthcare, telecommunication, etc. In WSNs, there is a necessity to design energy-efficient algorithms for different purposes. Load balancing of gateways in cluster-based WSNs is necessary to maximize the lifetime of a network. Shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is a popular heuristic algorithm that incorporates a deterministic approach. Performance of any heuristic algorithm depends on its exploration and exploitation capability. The main contribution of this article is an enhanced SFLA with improved local search capability. Three strategies are tested to enhance the local search capability of SFLA to improve the load balancing of gateways in WSNs. The first proposed approach is deterministic in which the participation of the global best solution in information exchange is increased. The next two variations reduces the deterministic approach in the local search component of SFLA by introducing probability-based selection of frogs for information exchange. All three strategies improved the success of local search. Second contribution of article is increased lifetime of gateways in WSNs with a novel energy-biased load reduction phase introduced after the information exchange step. The proposed algorithm is tested with 15 datasets of varying areas of deployment, number of sensors and number of gateways. Proposed ESFLA-RW variation shows significant improvement over other variations in terms of successful local explorations, best fitness values, average fitness values and convergence rate for all datasets. Obtained results of proposed ESFLA-RW are significantly better in terms of network energy consumption, load balancing, first gateway die and network life. The proposed variations are tested to check the effect of various algorithm-specific parameters namely frog population size, probability of information exchange and probability of energy-biased load reduction phase. Higher population size and probabilities give better solutions and convergence rate.
Commercial building load characteristics modeling considering equipment innate laws and various staff behaviors under demand response mechanism
Authors: Liu Xiaoou
Published: September 2021

At present, the traditional load model relies on a large number of historical data, ignoring the relationship between load demand and user behavior and the temporal and spatial distribution of load. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a modeling method of energy consumption characteristics of commercial office building considering the physical characteristics of energy consuming equipment and staff behavior factors. Firstly, the load of commercial office building is classified based on user behavior. Secondly, according to the proposed load classification method, a time distribution model associated with user behavior is established for each type of load energy consumption equipment, and the total load model of commercial office building is obtained. On this basis, the proposed model is expanded in both time and space, so that the total load model of commercial office building can be used to analyze energy consumption in different time scales and different regional areas. Through the combination of non-intrusive load decomposition and Markov chain, the energy consumption behavior of users is analyzed and simulated, and a refined load forecasting method of commercial office building considering equipment and user behavior under demand response mechanism is proposed. Finally, the example analysis shows that the proposed method can no longer depend on huge amounts of similar data for driving, can effectively reduce the impact of the original data on the load feature extraction, and has the ability to achieve load forecasting independently.
The diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-92a in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Hanxu , Wang Yuhang , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Zishu , Xue Sheng
Published: September 2021

Background

miR-92a is believed to have a significant role in the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of tumors, but the potential impact of its expression is still controversial due to the sample size. We conducted the meta-analysis to figure out whether miR-92a could be used as a detecting tool for assessing the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Method

A literature search was conducted by retrieving the Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP (Technology of Chongqing databases), and Wanfang databases (last updated by February 2020). The sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were pooled to explore the diagnostic performance of miR-92a. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of miR-92a for overall survival (OS) were calculated to explore the prognostic performance of miR-92a.

Results

Nine articles containing 11 studies were included. The pooled SEN and SPE were 0.76 and 0.79. Besides, the pooled PLR and NLR were 3.7 and 0.30, and the pooled DOR was 12. AUC was 0.84, indicating a significant value of miR-92a in gastric cancer detection. For the prognostic analysis of miR-92a in gastric cancer, the univariate and multivariate data’s poor OS were 1.37 and 2.01.

Conclusion

The present meta-analysis demonstrated that miR-92a could be a potential biomarker for the detection of gastric cancer. miR-92a could also be used as a valuable indicator for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Ways to achieve efficient non-local vortex beam generation
Authors: Liu Wenzhe , Shi Lei , Zi Jian , Chan Che Ting
Published: September 2021

Based on the insights into the phenomenon of bound states in the continuum, a novel approach utilizing the momentum-space polarization morphologies of periodic structures to generate vortex beams (VBs) has been proposed. Such periodic structures modulate beams in a nonlocal way and require no precise alignment. However, the efficiency of such an approach has not been analyzed in detail, and the efficiency in previous realizations is far from optimized. Here, we analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of nonlocal VB generation. We show that the maximal efficiency cannot exceed 25% if the periodic structure carries only singlet resonances. To go beyond this limit, we propose two approaches to improve efficiency. We theoretically analyze the mechanisms and verify the approaches by full-wave simulations. Both of the approaches serve to improve the generation efficiency by several folds.
Building effective core/shell polymer nanoparticles for epoxy composite toughening based on Hansen solubility parameters
Authors: Ning Na , Qiu Yiping , Wei Yi
Published: September 2021

Particles have been demonstrated to toughen epoxy resins, especially for fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, and core/shell particles are one of them. It is known that not all particles toughen the same but most evaluations are through experimentation, and few studies have been conducted to accurately predict the particles’ toughening effect or guide the design of effective particles. In this study, efforts were made to find the control factors of core/shell particles, primarily interfacial compatibility and degree of dispersion, and how to predict them. Nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating core/shell nanoparticles having various shell polymer compositions, especially their polarities. Their compatibility was estimated using a novel quantitative approach via adopting the theory of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), in which the HSP of core/shell nanoparticles and the epoxy matrix were experimentally determined and compared. It was found that the HSP distance was a good predictor for particle dispersion and interfacial interaction. Particles having a small HSP distance (R
a) to the epoxy resin, represented by the polybutylacrylate core/polymethyl methacrylate shell particle having the smallest R
a of 0.50, indicated a uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding with the matrix and yielded outstanding toughening performance. In contrast, polybutylacrylate core/polyacrylonitrile shell particle having the largest HSP distance (6.56) formed aggregates and exhibited low interfacial interaction, leading to poor toughness. It was also demonstrated that HSP can provide an effective strategy to facilitate the design of effective core/shell nanoparticles for epoxy toughening.
A preliminary analysis of intonation patterns in Ecuadorian Cuencano Spanish
Authors: Portocarrero Alex , Stewart Jesse
Published: September 2021

El Cantado Cuencano“Cuencano singing” constitutes the hallmark of Cuencano Spanish: a widely spoken Andean dialect in the Ecuadorian province of Azuay. This colloquially described “singing” makes Cuencano Spanish one of the most distinct dialects of Ecuador. The aim of the present study is to provide a preliminary analysis of intonation patterns from common utterance types in this under documented dialect. A sample of 550 utterances from 11 categories that included declarative statements, yes/no questions, exclamative statements, wh-questions, imperatives, lists, conditionals, tag-questions, interjections, negative statements, and vocatives was collected from five male and five female participants. The tokens were analyzed acoustically and labeled using the Spanish Tones and Break Indices system (Sp_ToBI). Results reveal the presence of a tritonal pitch accent (PA), labeled as L + H* + L and the extensive use of bitonal PAs (namely, L + H*). These three phenomena mark the singing quality of Cuencano Spanish and make it stand out from the dialects of Ecuadorian Spanish.
Investigation of RASSF4 gene in head and neck cancers
Authors: Karagedik Emine H. , Pamuk Saim , Ataş Merve N. , Ulusan Murat , Aydemir Levent , Ergen Arzu
Published: September 2021

Objectives

RASSF gene family can inhibit the growth of RAS oncogene. This gene family is suggested to have a role in cell cycle control, apoptosis, cell migration, and mitosis control. This study evaluated RASSF4 gene expression levels, SNPs and serum levels in tissues dissected from both healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with head, and neck cancer.

Methods

RASSF4 gene expression levels were determined using the RT-PCR. Serum levels of RASSF4 were tested using the Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay technique in study groups. RASSF4 rs7896801 and rs884879 genotypes were identified using by the RT-PCR.

Results

No statistical difference was observed between study groups according to RASSF4 gene expression levels. According to SNP results, rs7896801 revealed a 2.4 fold increase of G-allele presence in patients (p=0.015). The increase in the presence of AA genotype was statistically significant for the control group (p=0.015). Distribution of genotypes and alleles for rs884879 showed a 2.2 fold increase in CC genotype for healthy group (p=0.031) however, the presence of T allele showed a significant increase in the patients (p=0.048).

Conclusions

We suggest that this study will play a pioneering role for the next studies on RASSF4 gene, especially on SNPs.
Low-perchlorate blue-flame pyrotechnic compositions
Authors: Juknelevicius Dominykas , Webb Rutger , Klapötke Thomas M. , Ramanavicius Arunas
Published: September 2021

An ammonium perchlorate (AP) and copper(II) benzoate pyrotechnic blue-flame composition was gradually “diluted” by adding an experimental perchlorate-free blue-flame composition based on aminoguanidinium nitrate (AGN), malachite, PVC powder and shellac resin. Flame’s luminous intensity and specific luminous intensity were recorded and analyzed. A copper-aminoguanidinium (CuAG) complex was also synthesized and tested as an energetic additive in perchlorate-free blue-flame composition. Green-flame color was observed when testing chlorine-free energetic compositions with CuAG.
The ionic conductivity of alkali aluminum germanium phosphate glasses – comparison of Plasma CAIT with two electrode DC measurements
Authors: Wiemer Jan L. , Rein Kevin , Weitzel Karl-Michael
Published: September 2021

The ionic conductivity of alkali aluminum germanium phosphates (MAGP) has been investigated by two different techniques, i.) a fs-Plasma-Charge Attachment Induced Transport (CAIT) approach and ii.) a classical two electrode DC approach. Amorphous MAGP samples of the composition M1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3M=(Li–Cs) have been synthesized by the melt-quenching technique. Comparison of fs-Plasma-CAIT and DC data reveal that the ionic conductivities as well as the activation energies for ion transport agree within the error margins of the experiment. While conventional expectation suggests that a DC approach should fail because of spontaneous charge carrier blocking, this work demonstrates that DC measurements are a simple tool for quantifying ionic conductivities provided that only a small amount of charge has been transported in total.
Influence of Piston Friction on Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soil
Authors: Yang Shu-Rong
Published: September 2021

The repeated load triaxial test has been commonly used to evaluate the resilient modulus of base, subbase, and subgrade soils. When conducting the resilient modulus test, if a load cell is placed outside the chamber to measure the axial load, the piston friction is included in the axial load, resulting in inaccuracy on the resilient modulus. Hence, piston friction needs correcting prior to the resilient modulus test when using the external load cell to measure the axial load. In this study, quasi-static and dynamic corrections of the piston friction were conducted under various displacement rates and confining pressures. Test results indicate that the piston friction increases with increasing confining pressure. A correlation model between the piston friction and the confining pressure was established. Besides, the influences of piston friction on the resilient modulus of A-7-5 soil compacted at the optimum moisture content were evaluated. Test findings demonstrate that the resilient modulus is overestimated when ignoring the piston friction, especially at low deviator stress. Procedures for the correction of the piston friction were established and presented.
Cognitive and Neural State Dynamics of Narrative Comprehension
Authors: Song Hayoung , Park Bo-yong , Park Hyunjin , Shim Won Mok
Published: September 2021

Narrative comprehension involves a constant interplay of the accumulation of incoming events and their integration into a coherent structure. This study characterizes cognitive states during narrative comprehension and the network-level reconfiguration occurring dynamically in the functional brain. We presented movie clips of temporally scrambled sequences to human participants (male and female), eliciting fluctuations in the subjective feeling of comprehension. Comprehension occurred when processing events that were highly causally related to the previous events, suggesting that comprehension entails the integration of narratives into a causally coherent structure. The functional neuroimaging results demonstrated that the integrated and efficient brain state emerged during the moments of narrative integration with the increased level of activation and across-modular connections in the default mode network. Underlying brain states were synchronized across individuals when comprehending novel narratives, with increased occurrences of the default mode network state, integrated with sensory processing network, during narrative integration. A model based on time-resolved functional brain connectivity predicted changing cognitive states related to comprehension that are general across narratives. Together, these results support adaptive reconfiguration and interaction of the functional brain networks on causal integration of the narratives.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human brain can integrate temporally disconnected pieces of information into coherent narratives. However, the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms of how the brain builds a narrative representation remain largely unknown. We showed that comprehension occurs as the causally related events are integrated to form a coherent situational model. Using fMRI, we revealed that the large-scale brain states and interaction between brain regions dynamically reconfigure as comprehension evolves, with the default mode network playing a central role during moments of narrative integration. Overall, the study demonstrates that narrative comprehension occurs through a dynamic process of information accumulation and causal integration, supported by the time-varying reconfiguration and brain network interaction.
Hippocampal Connectivity with Retrosplenial Cortex is Linked to Neocortical Tau Accumulation and Memory Function
Authors: Ziontz Jacob , Adams Jenna N. , Harrison Theresa M. , Baker Suzanne L. , Jagust William J.
Published: September 2021

The mechanisms underlying accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related tau pathology outside of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in older adults are unknown but crucial to understanding cognitive decline. A growing body of evidence from human and animal studies strongly implicates neural connectivity in the propagation of tau in humans, but the pathways of neocortical tau spread and its consequences for cognitive function are not well understood. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and tau PET imaging from a sample of 97 male and female cognitively normal older adults, we examined MTL structures involved in medial parietal tau accumulation and associations with memory function. Functional connectivity between hippocampus (HC) and retrosplenial cortex (RsC), a key region of the medial parietal lobe, was associated with tau in medial parietal lobe. By contrast, connectivity between entorhinal cortex (EC) and RsC did not correlate with medial parietal lobe tau. Further, greater hippocampal-retrosplenial (HC-RsC) connectivity was associated with a stronger correlation between MTL and medial parietal lobe tau. Finally, an interaction between connectivity strength and medial parietal tau was associated with episodic memory performance, particularly in the visuospatial domain. This pattern of tau accumulation thus appears to reflect pathways of neural connectivity, and propagation of tau from EC to medial parietal lobe via the HC may represent a critical process in the evolution of cognitive dysfunction in aging and AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe accumulation of tau pathology in the neocortex is a fundamental process underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we use functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults to track the accumulation of tau in the medial parietal lobe, a key region for memory processing that is affected early in the progression of AD. We show that the strength of connectivity between the hippocampus (HC) and retrosplenial cortex (RsC) is related to medial parietal tau burden, and that these tau and connectivity measures interact to associate with episodic memory performance. These findings establish the HC as the origin of medial parietal tau and implicate tau pathology in this region as a crucial marker of the beginnings of AD.
Властивості аналітичних розв'язків трьох подібних диференціальних рівнянь другого порядку
Authors: Sheremeta M.M. , Trukhan Yu.S.
Published: September 2021

Однолиста аналітична в ${\mathbb D}=\{z:\;|z|<1\}$ функція $f(z)$ називається опуклою, якщо $f({\mathbb D})$ $-$ опукла область. Добре відомо, що умова $\text{Re}\,\{1+zf''(z)/f'(z)\}>0$, $z\in{\mathbb D}$, є необхідною і достатньою для опуклості $f$. Функція $f$ називається близькою до опуклої в ${\mathbb D},$ якщо існує опукла в ${\mathbb D}$ функція $\Phi$ така, що $\text{Re}\,(f'(z)/\Phi'(z))>0$, $z\in{\mathbb D}$. С.М. Шах вказав умови на дійсні параметри $\beta_0,$ $\beta_1,$ $\gamma_0,$ $\gamma_1,$ $\gamma_2$ диференціального рівняння $z^2w''+(\beta_0 z^2+\beta_1 z)w'+(\gamma_0z^2+\gamma_1 z+\gamma_2) w=0, $ за яких існує цілий трансцендентний розв'язок $f$ такий, що $f$ і всі його похідні є близькими до опуклих в ${\mathbb D}$. Нехай $0<R\le+\infty$, ${\mathbb D}_R=\{z:\;|z|C,$ $C=\text{const}>1. $ Аналітична в ${\mathbb D}_R$ функція $f$ називається обмеженого $l$-індексу, якщо існує $N\in {\mathbb Z}_+$ таке, що \[\frac{|f^{(n)}(z)|}{n!l^n(|z|)}\le \max\bigg\{\frac{|f^{(k)}(z)|}{k!l^k(|z|)}:\;0\le k\le N\bigg\}\] для всіх $n\in {\mathbb Z}_+$ і $z\in {\mathbb D}_R.$ Досліджено близькість до опуклості та обмеженість $l$-індексу для аналітичних в ${\mathbb D}$ розв'язків трьох аналогічних Шаху диференціальних рівнянь: $z(z-1) w''+\beta z w'+\gamma w=0$, $(z-1)^2 w''+\beta z w'+\gamma w=0$ і $(1-z)^3 w''+\beta(1- z) w'+\gamma w=0$. Незважаючи на подібність цих рівнянь, їх розв'язки мають різні властивості.
Diseño de un sistema de indicadores para la evaluación y selección de aplicaciones para personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Gallardo-Montes Carmen Del Pilar , Caurcel-Cara María Jesús , Rodríguez-Fuentes Antonio
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) aportan a las personas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) un abanico de posibilidades de desarrollo. A su vez, son numerosas las aplicaciones (apps) destinadas a personas menores con autismo, por lo que esta propuesta pretende ofrecer un listado de indicadores validados que analicen las fortalezas y debilidades de dichas apps. Metodología: El análisis exhaustivo de estudios previos ha permitido la creación de este instrumento, en relación con el diseño de la app, su contenido y sus aspectos pedagógicos. A través de un estudio instrumental de validez de contenido, se procedió a validar el sistema de indicadores (según su claridad, coherencia, relevancia y objetividad), para lo cual se aplicó el método del juicio experto. Resultados: Un total de 12 jueces han puntuado entre buenos y excelentes cada uno de los indicadores y subindicadores diseñados, con unos coeficientes de correlación intraclases excelsos, una concordancia inter-jueces W de Kendall significativa y fuerte, y unos niveles de consistencia interna elevados. Se constató que se trata de un instrumento válido y fiable. Discusión: Los resultados positivos derivados de la validación del instrumento han dado lugar a un sistema de indicadores compuesto por criterios deseables para una app destinada a personas con este trastorno. Especialistas en TEA y familiares van a contar con una herramienta intuitiva para la selección de apps adecuada a las necesidades del colectivo, que abarca distintos parámetros.
Percepciones de docentes de un colegio limeño sobre las dificultades de aprendizaje del braille en niñez con discapacidad visual
Authors: Ávalos-Gómez Nuria Alexandra , Ordaya-Díaz Esther Giovanna
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Explorar cuáles son las dificultades del alumnado de primaria con discapacidad visual (DV) del colegio limeño Luis Braille con base en la opinión de sus docentes. Asimismo, se busca identificar el grado de influencia de los contextos del estudiantado en su aprendizaje. Se analizará, de igual manera, cómo los agentes de la escuela (administración y profesorado) pueden causar algún impacto en la enseñanza del braille. Además, se mencionarán los factores externos (gobierno y sociedad) que puedan también influenciar. Metodología. Siguiendo un enfoque cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas a todo el personal docente de primaria de dicho colegio, para lo cual se utilizaron grabaciones y transcripciones que fueron después codificadas. Resultados. Entre los principales hallazgos, se detectaron cinco dificultades, relacionadas a las gestiones nacionales e institucionales a favor de las personas con DV, recursos y participación de los padres y madres en la vida del alumnado con DV, alumnado con discapacidades múltiples, además de la DV, materiales educativos y, por último, la colaboración y especialización del personal docente. Conclusiones. Como conclusión, dichas cinco dificultades son las más predominantes y pueden llegar a afectar el desempeño del alumnado.
Developing Visible Thinking and Motivation Through the Curricular Design of an Escape Room in Higher Education
Authors: Bilbao-Quintana Naiara , López-de la Serna Arantzazu , Romero-Andonegui Ainara , Tejada-Garitano Eneko
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The term escape room has undergone a notable evolution in recent years, extending its presence to areas not only recreational but also business or educational. The defining traits (overcoming obstacles, problem-solving, teamwork, time management...) have proven to be valid in business and education. This study presents the pedagogical design of an escape room based on visible thinking and analyses its effect on the motivation and cognitive processes of higher education students. Method. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental research with pretest/post-test was conducted, and it was evaluated whether the instructional design of the escape room was adequate to enhance the learning of the 238 students, whether it was motivating, and whether it contributed to the development of cognitive processes. We used two structured questionnaires with multiple-choice questions and one questionnaire with open-ended questions. We also applied a mixed method for quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. Results. The results show that the students consider the characteristics of the escape room and the organization of its elements to be of high quality; they also show that the curricular design of the escape room enhances students’ learning. In particular, the students consider that they have developed group thinking, critical thinking, and the activation of prior knowledge through the escape room and have found it a motivating experience. Conclusions. The use of the escape room in educational environments has a high educational potential. This is not only because it encourages the development of higher-order cognitive processes but also because it contributes to teamwork, self-regulation, and student motivation. However, it must be designed as a significant part of the didactic program, taking special care in the development of competences and thinking.