bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Diversity of Nepalese Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Accessions at IAAS, Rampur, Nepal
Authors: Bastola Biswash Raj , Pandey M.P. , Ojha B.R. , Ghimire S.K. , Baral K.
Published: June 2015

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Nepal during July 2011 to September 2011 with an objectine to determine phenotypic variability of Nepalese finger millet landraces using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. F- Value of REML procedure of mixed model analysis revealed that highly significant variation was observed in all studied 17 traits. Grain yield per plant was positive and highly significant correlated with grain yield per ear (0.769**) followed by plant height (0.529**), productive tillers number (0.473**), days to maturity (0.471**), days to heading (0.460**), days to flowering (0.457**), straw yield per plant (0.348**), finger number per ear (0.320**), thousand kernel weight (0.281**), flag leaf sheath width (0.230**) and finger length (0.211**). The ear shape (H’= 3.42) followed by grain color (H’= 3.35) showed high genetic diversity after estimated by using Shannon- Weaver index. 46% open type ear shape, 40% light brown grain color, 66% non-pigmentation, 70% absence of inflorescence branch and 54% absence of finger branch were found dominant to other on studied accessions. The distribution pattern was observed by using Ward’s minimumvariance method into five clusters. The number of accessions in a cluster was ranged from 18 in cluster IV to 1 in cluster V. The cluster V (accession no. 10996) and III (accessions no. 431 and 11024) showed early phenological traits, lowest in finger length, finger width, finger number per ear, thousand kernel weight, grain yield per ear and grain yield per plant. The cluster II and IV showed late maturity type, long finger length and width, high in finger number per ear, grain yield per ear, grain yield per plant and plant height. The first five principal components accounted for 74.9% of total variance among 50 accessions. Most of variation was contributed from phenological characters, plant height, grain yield per ear, finger length, finger width, finger number per ear and productive tillers number. These traits were positively correlated with grain yield and can be used in selection for breeding programs.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 285-290 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12413
Certain Biochemical Changes in Haemolymph of Eri Silkworm, Samia Cynthia Ricini after Inoculation with Bacteria
Authors: Gundeti Ravindar , Swetha sudha N. , Rajalingam Geeta , Nagaraja Rao P.
Published: June 2015

The insect immune system exists to protect the host from pathogenic invaders and from other harmful insults. Upon bacterial infection insect haemolymph may lead to fatal consequences and it plays a most important role in transport and storage of nutrients, amino acids and free amino acids concentrations are marked changes for substrates by the immune system, these substrates are provide energy and precursors for the synthesis of new cells, effecter molecules, and protective molecule. We have been studied the certain biochemical changes in bacterial challenged Eri silkworm haemolymph at various time intervals. Results shows that the proteins and amino acids levels were significantly elevated and 18 individual free amino acids were found and that are quantitatively variation in the haemolymph after challenge with gram –ve and gram +ve bacteria when compared and control and sterile haemolymph. We may conclude that these were directly involved in the antimicrobial immune response of Eri silkworm innate immunityInt J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 236-242 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12453
Status of N P K in Vermicompost Prepared from Two Common Weed and Two Medicinal Plants
Authors: Mistry Jayanta , Mukhopadhyay Ambika Prasad , Baur Gopi Nath
Published: June 2015

Vermicomposting is a bio-technique and vermicompost are good superlatives for organic farming. During vermicomposting the nutrients are released and converted into soluble and available forms that’s providing nutrients such as available N (nitrogen), soluble K (potassium), exchangeable Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), P (phosphorus) and microelements such as Fe (iron), Mo (molybdenum), Zn (zinc), and Cu (cupper) which can easily taken up by plants. Vermicompost contains plant growth regulators, soil treated with vermicompost showed better plant growth than treated with inorganic and other organic fertilizers. Adding of vermicompost to soil improves the soil structure, increasing the water holding capacity and porosity. Vermicomposts have also been shown to suppress attacks by soil and foliar transmitted plant diseases.This article reviews various attribute as NPK values of Parthenium hysterophorus, Azadirachta indica, Argemone mexicana, and Vitex negundo vermicompost. pH of each compost are in range of 7.5 – 8.1. Nitrogen (N) content (%) is low in cow dung compost (1.7%) and higher in other plant compost except Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo, maximum in Parthenium vermicompost (1.8%). Phosphorus (P %) ranges 1.3% to 1.6% and maximum in Azadirachta indica vermicompost. Potassium (K %) ranges 0.8% to 15.8% and all four vermicompost has significantly higher K contents than the cow dung compost. Organic carbon - nitrogen ratios (C/N) were also higher in vermicomposts produced with plant except in Argemone mexicana.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 193-196 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12533
Personalised Medicine: The Rising Sun
Authors: Desai Chandani T. , Shah Gaurav S.
Published: June 2015

Inter individual genetic variation contributes to both disease susceptibility and response to drugs. The genetic makeup of every individual isdistinctive, henceforth there are variations in the gene products. It is also responsible for the phenotypic diversity, which results in the differentcapacity of each individual to respond to exogenous substances, such as drugs and xenobiotics, and in the different propensity to induceundesirable health effects. So, the aim of personalised medicine is to increase the possibility of therapeutic efficiency and to decrease the drugtoxicity risk for an individual patient.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 139-142 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12545
A Study on the Role of Pre-Gelatinized Starch (PGS) in the Non Damaging Drilling Fluid (NDDF) for the Tipam Sand of Geleki Oilfield of Upper Assam Basin
Authors: Talukdar Prasenjit , Gogoi Subrata Borgohain
Published: June 2015

The drilling of the wells from surface to target location with conventional drilling fluids may impair production and ultimate recovery by failing to adequately connect the reservoir with the wellbore by damaging the producing interval. One of the most common ways of damaging a formation is the filtration loss. Non Damaging Drilling Fluid (NDDF) is a clay and barite free environmental friendly polymer mud system mostly used in pay zone sections of development wells and specifically in horizontal drilling to avoid formation damage. Starches [(C6H10O5) n] are an environment-friendly drilling mud additive for water-base drilling fluids used to control the filtration loss. This paper reports the effect and optimum composition of Pre-Gelatinized Starch (PGS) as a filtration control component in the NDDF. PGS is a high-quality nonionic polysaccharide having the Chemical Formula: C27H48O20 and Molecular Weight: 692.658020 [g/mol] which controls the filtration loss by sealing the walls of the borehole due to its long chains of monosaccharide. Some clay specifically the montmorillonite a member of the smectite group that generally also found in the payzones of Geleki Oilfield of Upper Assam Basin absorb hydrogen ions into their structure when comes in contact with fresh water and causing swelling of the clay resulting in a reduction of the pore volume and possibly plug in the pore throats. Therefore the filtration loss should be as low as possible by forming high quality low permeable mud cake of as thin as possible. In this work, an attempt has been made to study the effect of varying composition of PGS on the different mud properties of laboratory formulated NDDF and to choose its optimum composition based on the required mud parameters of the study area.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 291-300 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12552
Generation of Renewable Power from Biodegradation of Anthracene in a Microbial Fuel Cell Reactor Using Different Bacterial Inocula
Authors: Alshehri A.N.Z.
Published: June 2015

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are increasingly attracting attention as a sustainable technology as they convert chemical energy in organic pollutants to renewable electricity. Anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that presents a high pollution and health risk. In this study, anthracene degradation with electricity production in Single – chamber air cathode MFC was investigated with respect to values of its biodegradation and MFC performance using different inocula combinations (Anaerobic sludge (AS), Pseudomonas putida (PP), Geobacter sulfurreducens (GS), Shewanella putrefaciens(SP), mixed cultures, and combinations thereof). All the inocula showed high potentials for anthracene degradation efficiency and power density, ranged 41 – 98 % within 120 – 216h and 110.08 – 156.06 mW/m2, respectively. The best overall performing inoculum was anaerobic sludge supplemented with P. putida (AS+PP), having a degradation rate, degradation efficiency, COD removal, maximum power density and coulombic efficiency of 38 μM/d, 98 %, 83 %, 156.06 mW/m2 and 21, respectively. Effect of initial anthracene concentration was also investigated. Results indicated that increasing of initial anthracene concentration to 40 mg/L has a positive effect on both the anthracene degradation rate and the power density by 79 and 83.93 %, respectively, which attained by the best inoculum AS+PP (degradation rate of 41 μM/d and a maximum power density of 287.04 mW/m2).This study highlights the possibility of using MFCs technology to generate renewable electricity and achieve high degradation rates of anthracene simultaneously, through co-metabolism.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 151-161 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12731
Prevalence of Lymphoma Cancer in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Zohaib , Bilal Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Aamer , Asgher Muhammad
Published: June 2015

Pakistan has a high magnitude of cancer from its independence. The burden of lymphoma cancer continues to increase in Pakistan. The low socioeconomic districts of Punjab such as those in Faisalabad most severely affected by lymphoma. The objective of this study was to analyze the lymphoma cancer registry record of patients from the districts in Faisalabad in order to achieve a net lymphoma incidence for use in raising future health program against cancer. The medical records of 110 patients registered at the Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine in Faisalabad were investigated. Information regarding age, gender, socioeconomic status, affected sites and cancer type were obtained. Among 110 cases of lymphoma cancer, the male: female ratio was 3:1, with an age range of 5-85 years. Of the 110 patients, 74% were male and 26% were female. Similar to the subtype distribution of lymphoma in the different areas of Faisalabad and its surroundings, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) was more frequent, 74 cases (67%) than Hodgkin’s disease (HD), 36 cases (33%).The leading cancers were breast 36% (n=248), lymphoma 16% (n=110), and prostate cancer 10% (n=68). The growing burden of cancer especially lymphoma in Faisalabad is extremely alarming. Since the current work was an initial investigation, it could play a leading role in prevention and future planning regarding the battle against lymphoma in Pakistan.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 342-346 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12756
Characterization and Optimization of Alkaline Protease Production from Bacillus licheniformis HSW-16 Isolated from Sambhar Salt Lake
Authors: Singh Rajnish Prakash , Jha Prabhat Nath
Published: June 2015

Halophilic microorganisms are recognized as potential source of secondary metabolites including enzymes and drugs with wide agricultural and industrial applications. In the present study protease producing halotolerant bacterium Bacillus licheniformis HSW-16 was isolated from hypersaline Sambhar lake, Rajasthan India. Protease production was performed by using azocasein as substrate. Confirmation of protease production was also done by amplification of alkaline protease gene and sequencing. The various nutritional factors such as carbon and nitrogen source and other physiological parameters like pH, temperature, incubation time and agitation speed were optimized for optimum protease production. The enzyme was active in pH range 7-10, temperature 25 °C-40 °C and salt concentration of 1.5M. The characteristics demonstrated by this isolate showed that it could be used as a potential source of enzyme.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 347-351 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12757
Host Preference of Epilachna Beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) among Cucurbitaceous Vegetables
Authors: Asafuddaullah M. , Uddin M.M. , Islam K.S. , Howlader M.T.H. , Rahman M.M.
Published: June 2015

A series of experiments were carried out at the field and laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University to determine the host preference of Epilachna beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) among four cucurbitaceous crops viz. cucumber, bottle Gourd, sweet Gourd and bitter Gourd. Three varieties of each crop were tested. Data on insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity of E. dodecastigma were collected. The highest number of Epilachna beetle was recorded on cucumber and the lowest was on bottle Gourd both in open field and in net cage condition. Among the varieties, the highest insect incidence was recorded on Sitol Sosa and the lowest was on BARI Lau-4 both in open field and in net cage. The highest leaf and twig infestation was found on cucumber crop and its’ Sitol Sosa variety, while the lowest was on bottle Gourd crop and its' BARI Lau-4 variety in both open field and in net cage. The Epilachna beetle showed the similar host preference in case of daily food consumption and oviposition rate both in net cage and laboratory condition. Thus, considering the insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity, the crop cucumber and the tested Sitol Sosa variety appeared to be the most preferred host for Epilachna beetle.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 352-358 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12809
Comparison of Three High-Oleic Peanut Cultivars under Varying Field Conditions in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Woodward J.E. , Baughman T.A. , Baring M.R. , Simpson C.E.
Published: June 2015

Cultivar selection is one of the most economically important decisions made by peanut producers. The development of genotypes capable of maintaining yield and quality under a wide range of conditions is important so that profitability can be maximized. Issues such as declining irrigation capacity and diseases limit production in parts of Texas. Efforts of the Texas AgriLife Peanut Breeding Program are to develop breeding lines with improved yield potential, total sound mature kernels (TSMK), and disease resistance. Cultivar trials were conducted in 2009, 2010, and 2011 to evaluate the performance of the cultivar Tamrun OL11. Trials were established in several different production areas under various field conditions and included the commercial standards Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07. Yields were similar for Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07 at 4538 and 4534 kg/ha, respectively; whereas, Tamrun OL11 averaged 4845 kg/ha (P  = 0.02). TSMK plus sound splits (SS) for Tamrun OL11 were 1.3% higher than Flavor Runner 458 and 2.4% higher Tamrun OL07. When comparing cultivars in fields with a history of severe Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor) yield increases of 1240 and 2229 kg/ha were observed for Tamrun OL11 over Tamrun OL07 and Flavor Runner 458, respectively. Results from these studies illustrate the high yield potential and superior TSMK of Tamrun OL11.
Uptake, Translocation, and Dose Response of Postemergence Applied Diclosulam to Bristly Starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum)
Authors: Grey T.L. , Prostko E.P.
Published: June 2015

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the absorption, translocation, dose response, efficacy, and effects on biomass of the herbicide diclosulam on bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC.) In laboratory experiments, 14C-diclosulam absorption and translocation was evaluated in bristly starbur. Greenhouse studies determined bristly starbur growth response to postemergence applied diclosulam at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.3, and 6.5 g ai/ha. Bristly starbur seed were collected from two Georgia locations, hand cleaned, and grown in the greenhouse. Bristly starbur plants were then foliar treated with diclosulam when plants were in the 4 to 6 leaf stage of growth. 14C-diclosulam was applied to a single non-treated, most fully developed bristly starbur adaxial leaf, after the rest of the plant was foliar treated with 0.8 g ai/ha of diclosulam. At 24 and 48 hours after treatment, 14C-diclosulam was translocated acropetally in bristly starbur to the plant apex, with little to no movement to the lower plant parts including lower leaves, stem and roots. For the dose response studies, bristly starbur growth reduction dry weight (GR50) and efficacy (I50) for diclosulam ranged from 0.95 to 0.92 g ai/ha, respectively. Based on these data, bristly starbur susceptibility to diclosulam was due to its translocation to apical growing points within 24 to 48 hours where acetoacetate synthase (ALS) inhibition occurred resulting in eventual plant death. While bristly starbur is controlled with diclosulam rates below the standard use rate of other weeds, the standard field rates in combination with other herbicide mechanisms of action will continue to be recommended to peanut growers to reduce the potential for bristly starbur ALS resistance selection.
Peanut Cultivar Response to Preemergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone
Authors: Eure P.M. , Prostko E.P. , Merchant R.M.
Published: June 2015

Pyroxasulfone is a residual herbicide developed for use in several agronomic crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pyroxasulfone provides effective preemergence (PRE) control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, but little is known about peanut cultivar tolerance. Therefore, field trials were conducted in Georgia during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate peanut cultivars ‘Georgia-06G’, ‘Georgia Greener’, and ‘Tifguard’ response to pyroxasulfone applied PRE at 0, 120, or 240 g ai/ha. Greater stunting occurred during 2012 than 2013. Peanut stunting 10 days after planting (DAP) during 2012 and 2013 ranged from 38 to 55% and 3 to 11%, respectively. At 10 DAP, greater injury was observed in ‘Tifguard’ as compared to ‘Georgia-06G’ with pyroxasulfone at 120 g ai/ha. ‘Georgia Greener’ was injured more than ‘Tifguard’ following the 240 g ai/ha rate of pyroxasulfone. By 120 DAP, peanut had recovered substantially from stunting caused by PRE applications of pyroxasulfone with no cultivar interactions. Peanut yield was influenced by pyroxasulfone rate when applied PRE. Peanut yield was 7,140 kg/ha in treatments that did not include pyroxasulfone. Treatments that included pyroxasulfone at 120 g ai/ha yielded similar to treatments without pyroxasulfone. Peanut yield was reduced to 6,750 kg/ha (7%) following pyroxasulfone applied at 240 g ai/ha. When combined over pyroxasulfone rate, ‘Georgia-06G’ produced greater yields than the other cultivars.
Assessment of the Sensitivity and Accuracy of Immunochromatographic Test Strips in the Qualitative Detection of Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts
Authors: Luis J.M. , Kemerait R.C.
Published: June 2015

Despite the availability of several mechanical and chemical methods for aflatoxin detection, most are not accessible to many developing countries. In these developing countries, immunochromatographic test strips can be an alternative. Research was conducted to assess the sensitivity and accuracy of immunochromatographic test strips in the qualitative detection of aflatoxin at a 20 ppb cut-off limit as compared to the standard fluorometry method, and to evaluate the effect of continuous high or fluctuating temperatures to the sensitivity and accuracy of the test strips. Results showed significant association (P<0.0001) between the results obtained from the test strips (AflaCheckTM, Vicam) and the Vicam fluorometric method, producing an overall accuracy of 97%, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 100%. When exposed to continuous high (34 C) and fluctuating (34 C for 8 hr, 25 C for 16 hr daily) temperatures, AflaCheckTM and AgraStrip® (Romer Labs) retained their ability to detect aflatoxin levels up to 32 and 47 wk (8 and 12 months), respectively, without loss of efficacy. This documents the reliable use of the test strips in tropical peanut production areas where technologies like the fluorometer for aflatoxin quantification and refrigeration for storage are not readily accessible.
Response to Oxalic Acid as a Resistance Assay for Sclerotinia minor in Peanut
Authors: Bennett R.S. , Payton M.E. , Chamberlin K.D.
Published: June 2015

Response to oxalic acid was evaluated as an assay for screening peanut breeding lines for resistance to Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor. Detached stems of six runner- and seven spanish-type peanut genotypes, varying in resistance to Sclerotinia blight, were placed in 0, 20, and 50 mM oxalic acid. Wilt severity and length of stem discoloration were rated 12, 18, and 24 hr after immersion. Wilt and stem discoloration were not observed on stems placed in water (0 mM), but differences among entries were observed for some time intervals when placed in the 20 and 50 mM oxalic acid solutions. Susceptible runner cultivars exhibited the most severe wilt symptoms, but few differences in wilting were found among the spanish genotypes. More differences in stem discoloration were observed among the spanish peanuts than the runner entries, but length of discoloration did not appear to be correlated with field resistance. Oxalic acid appears to have some potential as a resistance assay for Sclerotinia blight in runner peanuts, but may have limited use for screening spanish peanuts. Rapid and accurate methods for screening peanut breeding lines for resistance to Sclerotinia blight would accelerate progress in breeding for disease-resistant peanuts.
Collaboration in Pediatric Surgical Training & Education among Asian Countries & Beyond Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Tablu Abdul Hanif
Published: June 2015

Abstract not availableJ. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3(2): 54-55, 2012 (July)
A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Outcome of Double Dartos Flap in Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty for Distal Hypospadias Repair
Authors: Chakraborty Abhi Kumar , Majumdar Sajal Kumar , Zahid Mirza Kamrul , Rahman Sayed Mahmudur , Saha Dipankar Kumar , Hasan Khandoker Moynul
Published: June 2015

Background/purpose: The tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (Snodgrass technique) presents the procedure of choice for distal hypospadias repair. Fistula formation is the most common complication with various rates. Avoiding overlap of suture lines in the Snodgrass repair is critical to minimize fistula formation through second-layer coverage of the neourethra. We compared the outcome of double- layer dartos flaps to flapless procedure in the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias repair to assess the effectiveness of dartos flap in this method.Methods: Our study included 28 patients aged upto 12 years who were treated with tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital from April 2010 to December 2011. They were divided into two groups. Group A (14 patients) had double dartos flap coverings. Group B (14 patients) had no dartos flap covering. The dissected dorsal dartos flap was bisected vertically to form two pedicle wings. Each wing was rotated laterally from either side of the glans to cover the neourethra ventrally in a double-layer fashion.Result: Mean follow up period was 9 months. In Group A, one patient (7%) developed fistula and one (7%) superficial skin necrosis. On the other hand three (21%) patients developed fistula and one patient (7%) meatal stenosis in group B, who were treated with Snodgrass procedure without using dartos flap. All successful repaired hypospadias patients of both groups had a cosmetically normal looking circumcised penis with ventrally slit meatus.Conclusions : Double dartos flaps covering of the neourethra is a simple procedure and could be effective for the prevention of urethrocutaneous fistula after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3(2): 65-70, 2012 (July)
Enuresis
Authors: Kazal Ashraf Ul Huq
Published: June 2015

Abstract not availableJ. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3(2): 78-80, 2012 (July)
Intestinal Atresia : A Case Report
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shakhawat , Kazal Ashraf Ul Huq , Huque Moinul
Published: June 2015

The outcome of intestinal atresia following surgical repair is very good. In general, morbidity and mortality depend upon type of atresia, level of atresia and associated medical conditions such as prematurity or cystic fibrosis, other congenital anomalies, the complexity of the lesion, and surgical complications (anastomotic leakage, functional obstruction at the site of anastomosis).1- 2 But complete management of these patient is difficult. We managed a patient with type-IIIa ileal atresia, the outcome of which was excellent.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 3(2): 85-87, 2012 (July)
Antenatally Diagnosed Surgical Malformations - Who Should Decide
Authors: Siddiqui Md Tosaddeque Hossain
Published: June 2015

Abstract not availableJ. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(1): 1-3, 2013 (January)
Laparoscopy in Neonates in Bangladesh: Technical Challenges and Experience in Chittagong
Authors: Hannan Md Jafrul , Hoque Md Mozammel
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery is a relatively newer concept in Bangladesh and started about 8 years ago. It took some time to gather sufficient expertise to start in the neonates. However, due to resource constraints we are to practice with conventional equipments and still performing soLaparoscopy in Neonates in Bangladeshme advanced procedures. We are one of the pioneers in neonatal laparoscopy in Bangladesh and this article will review the common procedures that we perform.Materials and methods: From 7, October 2005 to 30, June 2011, 1953 cases underwent laparoscopic/thoracoscopic procedures in our department of which 117 were neonates. We have used conventional 5 mm 30 cm instruments including 5 mm 30º telescope. First trocar was introduced by open method and CO2 was pressure was kept below 8 mmHg. Age, sex, indications, operative procedures, complications and outcomes are evaluated retrospectively.Results: Ages ranged from 3 days to 30days with males predominant (1: 0.56). Laparoscopy-assisted pullthrough for Hirschsprungs disease was the commonest procedure (71) followed by Pyloromyotomy (21), Inguinal hernia repair (15), Ovarian cystectomy (06) and Diaphragmatic hernia repair (03). Six cases needed conversion, port-site infection occurred in 5 cases and incisional hernia in one. Six cases of Georgesons operation developed sepsis needing colostomy and three (2.56% of total neonates) of them died. Follow up was from 3 months to 5 years. Twenty three out of 60 successful Georgesons operations had peri-anal excoriation persisting for initial 2-3 weeks. Forty six cases are now having normal bowel habits, seven having constipation, five occasional soiling and two fecal incontinence. One (6.66%) inguinal hernia recurred. Overall 70% had uneventful outcomes and 9.4% had serious complications including death.Conclusions: Laparoscopy can be done in neonates using basic instruments with reasonable outcomes in a developing country settingJ. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(1): 5-10, 2013 (January)
Inappropriate Circumcision: Referrals by General Practitioners
Authors: Islam S , Morshed AKMA , Hoque S
Published: June 2015

A large proportion of general practitioners have difficulty in discriminating between a true phimosis and a developmentally non-retractile foreskin. This diagnostic inaccuracy was greatest when the referring doctor did not examine the patient and inappropriately refer the patient to a pediatric surgeon for circumcision due to fear of obstructed voiding. From July 2005 to April 2007 total 33 boys with physiological phimosis were assessed in BSMMU. Among them 20 cases were without ballooning and 13 cases with ballooning. All the boys had upper tract and bladder USG followed by uroflowmetry and USG to determine post-void residual urine volume. Data were compared between boys with and without ballooning of foreskin. In all 33 boys with physiological phimosis completed uroflowmetry and USG. Ballooning of the foreskin was present in 13 boys (mean age-22.08 months range from 18 to 25 months) and non ballooning were 20 (mean age-22.7 months range from 18 to 28 months). Upper tract USG and bladder wall thickness were normal in all boys. The mean Maximum flow rate (Q max) was not significantly different in boys with ballooning and those with non ballooning (mean 8.4ml/s maxi-10.3 mini-6.7-) vs (8.5 ml/ s, maxi-10.7,mini -6.7). In addition all Qmax values were within normal range. The two groups had comparable mean PVR (0 .92 ml SD-0.9, range -0 to7) vs (.85 ml SD-0.8 range 0 to 8). The non-invasive assessment of voiding efficiency in boys with physiological phimosis with or without ballooning of foreskin showed no evidence of obstructed voiding). In conclusion physicians should be educated on the conservative management and care of thel foreskin and be able to distinguish between physiological phimosis and balanitis xerotica obliterans in order to decrease inappropriate circumcision referrals.2, 3J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(1): 19-23, 2013 (January)
Congenital Pouch Colon
Authors: Hasina Kaniz
Published: June 2015

Abstract not availableJ. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(1): 24-27, 2013 (January)
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Chest Wall in an Infant- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Enayet SM Sabbir , Hasina Kaniz
Published: June 2015

Solitary fibrous tumor is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that very rarely appears in extra serosal soft tissue. Though pleural solitary fibrous tumor is more common, up to one third of the reported cases were at extra pleural sites. Although pleural and extrapleural solitary fibrous tumors are regarded as indolent tumors, there is some evidence that extrapleural subgroup could be a subset of more aggressive malignant tumors. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor is very difficult and usually is a diagnosis of exclusion. Surgical excision is mandatory and is the best therapeutic option. In this article we report a case of solitary fibrous tumor of the chest wall in a 2 months old boy.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(1): 28-31, 2013 (January)
Risk Factors Analysis in Asphyxiated Newborn and Their Neurological Outcome in Relation to Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Nahar Begum Sharifun , Afroza Syeda , Naher Zakia
Published: June 2015

Background: Perinatal mortality rate in the developing world is still significantly higher than what obtained in the individualized nation1. Perinatal asphyxia has been established as one of the major causes of these deaths. Perinatal asphyxia is a serious clinical problem world wide. There are various reasons of failure to initiate and sustain breathing immediately after birth. Neurological complication like hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) following damage to the brain is very frequent and commonly seen in asphyxiated newborn .Objective: To find out the risk factors and the hospital outcome with special emphasis on HIE following perinatal asphyxia.Methods: It was a retrospective study on 92 (ninety two) consecutive cases of perinatal asphyxia admitted in the neonatal care unit of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital during the period of January and February 2011.Results: The results revealed that during the study period the number of perinatal asphyxia in admitted in neonatal care unit was 92 out of 193 i.e. 47.6%. Out of 92 asphyxiated newborn 86% were admitted in first 24 hours of life. Among them 71% were inborn and of male sex. Most of them (69%) were of normal birth weight. Regarding gestational age 56% were term. Fifty one percent were delivered per vaginally. Majority of mothers (79%) received antenatal care. Intrapartum risk factors included premature rupture of membrane (PROM) 19%, prolonged labour 15%, pregnancy induced hypertension 13%, antepartum haemorrhage 13%, preeclampsia and eclampsia 10%, obstructed labour 10%, malpresentation 8%, multiple gestation 8%. 60% mothers had multiparity. Presenting complaints were respiratory distress characterized by tachypnea /chest indrawing (30%), grunting (25%), convulsion (21%), irritability or excessive crying (9%), poor feeding or sucking (8.6%). About neurological complications 45% developed hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Out of 42 HIE cases 60% had grade II encephalopathy. Grade I HIE was found in 26% of cases and 14% cases had grade III or severe encephalopathy. About hospital outcome 58% had hospital stay for minimum 5 days and 63% were discharged after improvement Thirteen percent were discharged on risk bond. 22 cases died during hospitalizationConclusion & Recommendation: The rate of hospital admission of Perinatal asphyxia as well as Neurological complication like hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was very high though majority of mother received antenatal care and affected newborns were inborn. So proper attention and timely intervention as well as resuscitation of newborn delivered in the hospital is essential to prevent the unwanted neurological complication of Perinatal asphyxia like HIE as well as other morbidity and fatality.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 4(2): 54-57, 2013 (July)
Unmanned Aerial ad Hoc Networks: Simulation-Based Evaluation of Entity Mobility Models’ Impact on Routing Performance
Authors: Medjo Me Biomo Jean-Daniel , Kunz Thomas , St-Hilaire Marc , Zhou Yifeng
Published: June 2015

An unmanned aerial ad hoc network (UAANET) is a special type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). For these networks, researchers rely mostly on simulations to evaluate their proposed networking protocols. Hence, it is of great importance that the simulation environment of a UAANET replicates as much as possible the reality of UAVs. One major component of that environment is the movement pattern of the UAVs. This means that the mobility model used in simulations has to be thoroughly understood in terms of its impact on the performance of the network. In this paper, we investigate how mobility models affect the performance of UAANET in simulations in order to come up with conclusions/recommendations that provide a benchmark for future UAANET simulations. To that end, we first propose a few metrics to evaluate the mobility models. Then, we present five random entity mobility models that allow nodes to move almost freely and independently from one another and evaluate four carefully-chosen MANET/UAANET routing protocols: ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), reactive-geographic hybrid routing (RGR) and geographic routing protocol (GRP). In addition, flooding is also evaluated. The results show a wide variation of the protocol performance over different mobility models. These performance differences can be explained by the mobility model characteristics, and we discuss these effects. The results of our analysis show that: (i) the enhanced Gauss–Markov (EGM) mobility model is best suited for UAANET; (ii) OLSR, a table-driven proactive routing protocol, and GRP, a position-based geographic protocol, are the protocols most sensitive to the change of mobility models; (iii) RGR, a reactive-geographic hybrid routing protocol, is best suited for UAANET.
Spectra of W VIII and W IX in the EUV Region
Authors: Ryabtsev Alexander , Kononov Edward , Kildiyarova Rimma , Tchang-Brillet Wan-Ü , Wyart Jean-Francois , Champion Norbert , Blaess Christophe
Published: June 2015

The results obtained on the W VIII spectrum as well as on the isoelectronic spectra Lu V, Hf VI, Ta VII, and Re IX in the VUV wavelength region are summarized with emphasis on the main trends along the isoelectronic sequence. A total of 187 lines of W VIII in the region of 160–271 Å were accurately measured and identified, 98 levels were found, and transition probabilities calculated. The isoelectronic regularities support the data on W VIII. A list of spectral lines in the region of 170–199 Å, considered as belonging to W IX, is presented.
Detailed Analysis of Configuration Interaction and Calculation of Radiative Transition Rates in Seven Times Ionized Tungsten (W VIII)
Authors: Deprince Jérôme , Quinet Pascal
Published: June 2015

A new set of oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for EUV spectral lines of seven times ionized tungsten (W VIII) is reported in the present paper. These results have been obtained using the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) method combined with a semi-empirical optimization of the radial parameters minimizing the discrepancies between computed energy levels and available experimental data. The final physical model considered in the calculations has been chosen further to a detailed investigation of the configuration interaction in this atomic system characterized by complex configurations of the type 4f145s25p5, 4f145s25p4nl, 4f145s5p6, 4f135s25p6, 4f135s25p5nl and 4f125s25p6nl (nl = 5d, 6s).
Automated Analysis of Oxytocin by On-Line in-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Moriyama Eri , Kataoka Hiroyuki
Published: June 2015

A simple and sensitive method for the analysis of oxytocin was developed using automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Oxytocin was separated within 3 min on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 column, with water/methanol (10/90, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min−1. Electrospray ionization conditions in the positive ion mode were optimized for MS/MS detection by multiple reaction monitoring. The optimum in-tube SPME conditions were 20 draw/eject cycles of 40 µL sample at a flow rate of 250 µL min−1 using a Supel-Q PLOT capillary column as an extraction device. The extracted oxytocin was easily desorbed from the capillary by passage of the mobile phase, and no carryover was observed. The calibration curves for oxytocin were linear (r = 0.9981) in the range of 0−5.0 ng mL−1, and the relative standard deviations at each point were below 14.7% (n = 3). The limit of detection of this method was 4.0 pg mL−1, and its sensitivity was 58-fold higher than that of the direct injection method. This method was applied successfully to the analysis of oxytocin in saliva samples without any other interference peaks.
Functionalisation of Polysaccharides for the Purposes of Electrospinning: A Case Study Using HPMC and Si-HPMC
Authors: Bodillard Jérôme , Pattappa Girish , Pilet Paul , Weiss Pierre , Réthoré Gildas
Published: June 2015

Hydrogels are a suitable scaffold material for a variety of tissue engineering applications. However, these materials have a weak structure and require reinforcement. Integrating electrospun fibers could strengthen material properties. This study created fibers and evaluated the influence of the presence of polar head groups within a polysaccharide backbone following functionalization: silated-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC). Electrospinning is a multi-parameter, step by step process that requires optimization of solution and process parameters to understand and control the process. Fibers were created for 2%–3% wt/v solutions in water and ethanol. Viscosities of solutions were correlated with spinnability. Variations on process parameters did not reveal major variation on fiber morphology. Once controlled, the process was used for HPMC/Si-HPMC mixture solutions. Solubilization and dilution of Si-HPMC were made with common solvents for electrospinning. Two forms of polymer conformation were electrospun: silanol ending and silanolate ending. Microstructures and resulting nanofibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDX). The results show the feasibility of our strategy for creating nanofibers and the influence of polar head groups on electrospinnability.
Effects of the Visual Exercise Environments on Cognitive Directed Attention, Energy Expenditure and Perceived Exertion
Authors: Rogerson Mike , Barton Jo
Published: June 2015

Green exercise research often reports psychological health outcomes without rigorously controlling exercise. This study examines effects of visual exercise environments on directed attention, perceived exertion and time to exhaustion, whilst measuring and controlling the exercise component. Participants completed three experimental conditions in a randomized counterbalanced order. Conditions varied by video content viewed (nature; built; control) during two consistently-ordered exercise bouts (Exercise 1: 60% VO2peakInt for 15-mins; Exercise 2: 85% VO2peakInt to voluntary exhaustion). In each condition, participants completed modified Backwards Digit Span tests (a measure of directed attention) pre- and post-Exercise 1. Energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and perceived exertion were measured during both exercise bouts. Time to exhaustion in Exercise 2 was also recorded. There was a significant time by condition interaction for Backwards Digit Span scores (F2,22 = 6.267, p = 0.007). Scores significantly improved in the nature condition (p < 0.001) but did not in the built or control conditions. There were no significant differences between conditions for either perceived exertion or physiological measures during either Exercise 1 or Exercise 2, or for time to exhaustion in Exercise 2. This was the first study to demonstrate effects of controlled exercise conducted in different visual environments on post-exercise directed attention. Via psychological mechanisms alone, visual nature facilitates attention restoration during moderate-intensity exercise.
Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure and Parkinson’s Disease—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Data
Authors: Huss Anke , Koeman Tom , Kromhout Hans , Vermeulen Roel
Published: June 2015

Objective: To examine the association between occupational exposure to extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and Parkinson’s disease. Methods: We systematically searched publications reporting risk estimates of Parkinson’s disease in workers exposed to ELF-MF. Summary relative risks were obtained with random effects meta-analysis. Results: We included 11 studies. To assign exposure, four studies evaluated occupational records, four used census, interview or questionnaire information and three used death certificates. Risk of Parkinson’s disease was not elevated in workers exposed to ELF-MF with a summary relative risk of 1.05, 95% CI 0.98–1.13. Conclusions: Overall, there was no evidence that the exposure to ELF-MF increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease.
Association Between Geographic Elevation, Bone Status, and Exercise Habits: The Shimane CoHRE Study
Authors: Takeda Miwako , Hamano Tsuyoshi , Kohno Kunie , Yano Shozo , Shiwaku Kuninori , Nabika Toru
Published: June 2015

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the association between the residential environment and health. The association between residential environment (i.e., geographic elevation) and bone status is unknown. Furthermore, these associations could differ by exercise habits due to the chronically greater daily activity caused by steep slopes in mountainous areas. The aim of this study was to test whether the association between bone status of elderly people measured using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and elevation varied according to the exercise habits in a mountainous area population. Data were collected from a cross-sectional study conducted during 2012–2013. QUS value was expressed as a proportion of the young adult mean (%YAM), with higher scores donating better bone status. After excluding subjects with missing data, we analyzed the data for 321 men and 500 women. Our results indicate that %YAM was not associated with elevation among men, or among women with exercise habits. However, elevation was associated with %YAM among women without exercise habits. Our results highlight the importance of considering residential environment and exercise habits when establishing promotion strategies to maintain bone status of the elderly people who live in rural mountainous areas.
Homo-FRET Based Biosensors and Their Application to Multiplexed Imaging of Signalling Events in Live Cells
Authors: Warren Sean , Margineanu Anca , Katan Matilda , Dunsby Chris , French Paul
Published: June 2015

Multiplexed imaging of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based biosensors potentially presents a powerful approach to monitoring the spatio-temporal correlation of signalling pathways within a single live cell. Here, we discuss the potential of homo-FRET based biosensors to facilitate multiplexed imaging. We demonstrate that the homo-FRET between pleckstrin homology domains of Akt (Akt-PH) labelled with mCherry may be used to monitor 3′-phosphoinositide accumulation in live cells and show how global analysis of time resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements can be used to quantify this accumulation. We further present multiplexed imaging readouts of calcium concentration, using fluorescence lifetime measurements of TN-L15-a CFP/YFP based hetero-FRET calcium biosensor-with 3′-phosphoinositide accumulation.
Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome Gene Expression Changes in Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Response to Low, Clinical Diagnostic Relevant, and High Doses of Ionizing Radiation Exposure
Authors: Sokolov Mykyta , Nguyen Van , Neumann Ronald
Published: June 2015

The biological effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) exposure in humans are not comprehensively understood, generating a high degree of controversy in published literature. The earliest stages of human development are known to be among the most sensitive to stress exposures, especially genotoxic stresses. However, the risks stemming from exposure to LDIR, particularly within the clinical diagnostic relevant dose range, have not been directly evaluated in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, we describe the dynamics of the whole genome transcriptional responses of different hESC lines to both LDIR and, as a reference, high-dose IR (HDIR). We found that even doses as low as 0.05 Gy could trigger statistically significant transient changes in a rather limited subset of genes in all hESCs lines examined. Gene expression signatures of hESCs exposed to IR appear to be highly dose-, time-, and cell line-dependent. We identified 50 genes constituting consensus gene expression signature as an early response to HDIR across all lines of hESC examined. We observed substantial differences in biological pathways affected by either LDIR or HDIR in hESCs, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms underpinning the responses of hESC may fundamentally differ depending on radiation doses.