bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Effect of Gamma-Radiation on the Molecular Structure and Hydrophobic
Properties of Telomeric Coatings on Glass Fabric
Authors: Kichigina G. A. , Kushch P. P. , Kiryukhin D. P. , Kabachkov E. N. , Shulga Yu. M.
Published: April 2024

Coatings of aluminoborosilicate fabric have been obtained by deposition from solutions of radiation-synthesized tetrafluoroethylene telomers. The resulting coatings were characterized by IR spectroscopy. By the sessile drop method, it has been established that the surface of the coatings is hydrophobic with a water contact angle of 140°. The effect of gamma-radiation on the molecular structure of coatings has been examined using IR spectroscopy. It has been shown that irradiation of the studied samples in air results in the formation of terminal COOH groups, which worsen the hydrophobicity of the samples. Irradiation in vacuum does not affect the hydrophobic properties of telomeric coatings
A Study on the Process of Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of (AlxGa1 – x)2O3 Thin Films
Authors: Mochalov L. A. , Kudryashov M. A. , Prokhorov I. O. , Vshivtsev M. A. , Kudryashova Yu. P. , Knyazev A. V.
Published: April 2024

A process for fabricating Al-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films of the (AlxGa1−x)2O3 composition by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition has been studied for the first time. High-purity gallium metal, aluminum iodide (AlI3), and high-purity oxygen were used as precursors. Low-temperature plasma at a reduced pressure (0.01 torr) was the initiator of chemical transformations between the reactants. The plasmaenhanced deposition process was studied by optical emission spectroscopy in the range of 180–1100 nm. The obtained thin films of the (AlxGa1−x)2O3 system with the amount of the Al2O3 phase up to 20% were studied by various analytical methods.
Photochemical Properties of Polyfluoroalkylated Chlorin in a Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion
Authors: Nguyen M. T. , Burtsev I. D. , Egorov A. E. , Markova A. A. , Zevakin E. A. , Kuzmin V. A.
Published: April 2024

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Rheological Properties of Gel Systems Based on Gamma-Irradiated Lightly Crosslinked Polyacrylic Acid
Authors: Abramov V. A. , Gataullin A. R. , Bogdanova S. A. , Demidov S. V. , Kemalov R. A. , Allayarov S. R.
Published: April 2024

The effect of γ-irradiation of the gelling agent Carbomer 141 G, which is lightly crosslinked polyacrylic acid, on the rheological properties of gels based on the carbomer has been studied. It has been found that an increase in the dose of γ-irradiation in air has a destructive effect on the polymer, leading to a decrease in rheological parameters, such as viscosity, yield strength, and hysteresis area. Irradiation of the carbomer in air with doses greater than 300 kGy leads to a significant decrease or the complete loss of its gel-forming properties. At the same time, irradiation of the carbomer with the same dose in vacuum causes as small a decline in viscosity as 2% compared to the initial systems. It has been established that the optimal gelling agent for obtaining stable antibacterial gels is the carbomer irradiated with a dose of 30 kGy.
Kinetics of Paracetamol Degradation in Aqueous Solution by the Action of Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Oxygen
Authors: Ignatiev A. A. , Gushchin A. A. , Grinevich V. I. , Kvitkova E. Yu. , Izvekova A. A. , Rybkin V. V.
Published: April 2024

The kinetics of decomposition of paracetamol in its aqueous solution by the action of atmosphericpressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in oxygen has been studied. Degradation rate constants, energy yields, and degrees of degradation have been determined for various discharge powers and paracetamol concentrations. It is shown that the degradation products are carboxylic acids, aldehydes, CO, and CO2.
Effects of Azomethine Derivatives of 4,6-Di-tert-Butyl-2,3-Dihydroxybezaldehyde on Radiation-Induced Reactions Involving Alkyl and Alpha-Hydroxyalkyl Radicals
Authors: Ksendzova G. A. , Ostrovskaya N. I. , Sverdlov R. L. , Sorokin V. L.
Published: April 2024

The effects of azomethine derivatives of 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde on the formation of radiolysis products of deaerated n-hexane and ethanol have been studied. It was shown that the catechol moiety in the tested compounds did not significantly affect their reactions with carbon-centered radicals. The aldimine group exhibited high activity as an α-hydroxyalkyl radical scavenger and low activity as a scavenger of alkyl radicals. The introduction of additional radical-inhibiting groups –OH, –SH, –NO2, and =N–NH– into the side fragment of a molecule led to a significant increase in the antiradical activity withrespect to various types of carbon-centered radicals.
Deformation and Strength Properties of a Gamma-Irradiated Plasticized Binder Based on Low-Molecular-Weight Polydiene Urethane Rubbers
Authors: Nurullaev E. , Oniskiv V. D. , Himenko L. L. , Ibragimova E. M.
Published: April 2024

The effect of gamma-radiation doses of 50, 100, and 150 kGy on the deformation and strength properties of a plasticized binder based on low-molecular-weight polydiene urethane rubbers of the PDI-3B brand has been studied. To assess changes in the strength of the plasticized binder depending on the dose of gamma irradiation, the fracture energies were calculated at temperatures of 223, 295, and 323 K. At these testtemperatures, the conditional stress increased and deformation slightly decreased depending on the dose of gamma irradiation compared with those of the original sample. Sharp changes in the deformation and strength characteristics occurred at a test temperature of 223 K; the strength of the irradiated samples increased by a factor of more than 4, and the deformation decreased slightly compared to that of the original sample. This trend persisted with an increase in the test temperature, but the difference was almost halved. Such an effect of gamma irradiation on the test material can be explained by the prevalence of crosslinking over degradation
Mathematical Modeling of the Flow of Two-Phase Media in Disc Stack Separators with Curvilinear Discs
Authors: Ibyatov R. I. , Akhmadiyev F. G.
Published: April 2024

The flow of a two-phase medium in liquid disc stack separators with curvilinear discs was considered. An algorithm for the numerical calculation of the gap between coaxial curvilinear discs was proposed. The equations of motion of a two-phase medium were written in an orthogonal coordinate system fixed to the flow region and were solved by the method of surfaces of equal flow rates. Numerical calculations were carried out for separators with parabolic discs. The calculations showed that, in the inlet region, the flow develops from the initial flat profile to a parabolic one. In this case, the flow near the channel walls slows down, whereas in the center of the flow region, on the contrary, it accelerates. Therefore, in the initial region, the streamlines are curvilinear. The shape of the velocity profile and the curvature of the streamlines are significantly affected by the rotation speed of the discs. At significant rotation speeds, the velocity profile is asymmetric.
Digital Twins for the Porous Structures of Aerogels with the Use of the Cellular Automation Approach and Bezier Curves
Authors: Lebedev I. V. , Ivanov S. I. , Safarov R. R. , Men’shutina N. V.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a cellular automation model developed on the basis of Bezier curves with the use of a cellular automation approach for the creation of digital twins for porous nanostructures of different nature is proposed. Some numerical experiments on the creation of digital twins for the synthesized experimental samples of chitosan-based aerogels are carried out. The structural characteristics of the digital copies and experimental samples are compared, allowing us to conclude that the model is correct. The resulting digital twins can be used for predicting the properties of porous fiber materials, in particular, chitosan-based aerogels, to provide the partial replacement of real experiments by computational ones and, consequently, to decrease the expenditures on the development of new materials with specified properties.
Physical Feasibility and Synthesis of Heat Exchange Systems According to Thermodynamic Parameters
Authors: Tsirlin A. M.
Published: April 2024

The region of physical feasibility of heat exchange systems in the space of their thermodynamic indicators (heat load, dissipation, and thermal conductivity) is constructed in this work. Criteria of thermodynamic perfection for typical two-flow cells are calculated. A condition of thermodynamic equivalence of heat exchange systems is given, and an algorithm for constructing a multiflow system equivalent to a two-flow heat exchanger is proposed. The cases of variable heat capacity, change of the phase state, and different flow hydrodynamics are considered. The constraints on the temperatures of all or some of the flows at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange system are taken into account. The synthesis involves the choice of the structure of contacts, the values of free parameters of flows, and the distribution of contact areas and heat loads between two-flow heat exchange cells.
Methods of Optimization Thermodynamics in Distillation Processes
Authors: Tsirlin A. M. , Balunov A. I. , Sukin I. A. , Vasilyev A. M.
Published: April 2024

The methodology of optimization thermodynamics was used for the mathematical description and optimization of distillation processes. The following problems were considered: construction of a set of feasible operating conditions of columns separating binary and multicomponent mixtures, selection of the sequence of separation of a multicomponent mixture, feasibility of using a separating agent, selection of the feed temperature and feed point, and optimization of parallel and sequential systems of distillation columns. Calculation formulas for entropy production and heat transfer coefficients in the reboiler and reflux condenser of the column were obtained.
A Hybrid Membrane for the Simultaneous Selective Sorption of Cesium in the Ionic and Colloid Forms
Authors: Vinogradov I. I. , Andreev E. V. , Yushin N. S. , Sokhatskii A. S. , Altynov V. A. , Gustova M. V. , Vershinina T. N. , Zin’kovskaya I. , Nechaev A. N. , Apel’ P. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The possibility for the synthesis of a hybrid membrane incorporating a track membrane as a support and a layer of chitosan fibers modified by functional groups selectively sorbing cesium is studied. The layer of chitosan fibers is formed by electromolding. The surface of the nanofibers is modified by copper and potassium ferrocyanide immobilization. The structure of the nanofiber layer modified by copper and potassium ferrocyanide is studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The specific pure water production capacity of the hybrid membrane is much lower as compared to the original track membrane. The data on the sorption capacity of the copper and potassium ferrocyanide layer on the surface of the nanofibers for cesium ions are correlated with literature data. The resulting hybrid membrane is suitable for the simultaneous selective sorption of cesium in the ionic and colloid forms.
Extraction of Mn(II) and Co(II) from Chloride Solutions with the Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid/Menthol Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Zinov’eva I. V. , Salomatin A. M. , Kozhevnikova A. V. , Zakhodyaeva Yu. A. , Voshkin A. A.
Published: April 2024

Extraction of Mn(II) and Co(II) from chloride solutions in the system with a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) based on di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and menthol is studied depending on the aqueous phase acidity, the HDES composition, the concentration of chloride ions, and the volume ratio of the system phases. The extraction mechanism for the studied metals is established. A thermodynamic analysis of the extraction process in the proposed system is carried out. Evaluation of the possibility of reusing the HDES D2EHPA/menthol on the example of the extraction of Mn(II) ions is performed for the first time. The potential for the application of the proposed HDES for isolation of metals from aqueous solutions is demonstrated.
Additive Technologies for Medicine, Pharmacy, and Chemical Industry: Applications and Outlook
Authors: Abramov A. A. , Men’shutina N. V.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the main methods and technologies of three-dimensional printing. The basic principles are presented for technologies that are implemented in powder, polymerization, and extrusion methods of additive manufacturing. The main applications of additive technologies in medicine, pharmacy, and chemical engineering are considered. Based on the review made, conclusions were drawn about the existing problems and limitations that do not allow the integration of additive processes into industry. In addition, the prospects for the development of additive technologies in these applications are considered.
Liquid and Gas Hydrodynamics in Film Regular Sprayed Packings in a Cocurrent Downflow Regime
Authors: Babak V. N. , Kulov N. N.
Published: April 2024

The work considers the hydrodynamics in contemporary packed film devices with tubular and plane channels and laminar and turbulent gas- and liquid-flow patterns in a downflow cocurrent regime. Weak hydrodynamic interaction between the phases and no velocity circulation in the gas phase are assumed. The solution is found by the approximate Schlichting method. The distribution of velocities in the phases, the thickness of the downflowing film, and the sizes of the inlet hydrodynamic areas in the liquid and gas are determined
The Stability Analysis of a Chemical Process in a Flow Reactor
Authors: Belyaev A. A. , Arutyunov A. V. , Arutyunov V. S.
Published: April 2024

The possibility of emergence of oscillatory conditions during a chemical process in a flow reactor with spatial inhomogeneity is analyzed. The mathematical dynamic model of the reactor takes into account molecular and convective heat- and mass-transfer processes. The problem is solved in a one-dimensional approximation under single-step chemical-reaction conditions. An analytical expression for the stability criterion of the steady-state conditions is obtained provided that the diffusion and temperature conductivity coefficients are equal. The sequence of actions upon determining the critical conditions for the stability of the system is shown. A series of numerical experiments is performed to verify the emergence of oscillatory regimes at different parameter values corresponding to real conditions in the reactor.
Isolation of Ti(IV) Concentrate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kozhevnikova A. V. , Uvarova E. S. , Milevskii N. A. , Zakhodyaeva Yu. A. , Voshkin A. A.
Published: April 2024

Lithium–titanate anodes are increasingly being used in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries due to their advantages in charge/discharge speed and safety of use relative to graphite anodes. The addition of titanium to the battery composition, along with the high content of cobalt and lithium, results in a further growth of their cost, and the reprocessing of such batteries becomes an extremely topical problem. In the framework of the present article, a comparative analysis of the hydrometallurgical reprocessing of batteries containing a lithium-titanate anode and a nickel–manganese–cobalt cathode by leaching with mineral acids (sulfuric and hydrochloric acids) is performed. In the work, the dependences of the leaching degree of the metals from real samples of the anode and cathode in their mixture on the mineral acid concentration, auxiliary additives, and solid : liquid ratio are demonstrated and the temperature and kinetic dependences for this process are obtained. Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the leaching solutions, conditions for processing of the leaching process are proposed for further extractive separation. It is demonstrated that two-step successive leaching with hydrochloric and then sulfuric acid with the release of titanium concentrate is optimal. An important aspect of the work is the study of the joint leaching of the cathode and anode, since in the known processes of mechanical processing the stage of their separation is absent.
Possibilities for Prediction And Evaluation of the Carbon Footprint in Furnace Fuel Oil Combustion in Medium- and Low-Power Boilers
Authors: Maimekov T. Z. , Sambaeva D. A. , Moldobaev M. B. , Bazhirov T. S. , Maimekov Z. K.
Published: April 2024

To predict and evaluate the carbon footprint in the gas phase, furnace fuel oil oxidation in excess air (alpha factor 1.3) was studied over a wide temperature (T = 298–3000 K, P = 0.1 MPa). Equilibrium thermodynamic parameters (entropy, enthalpy, and internal energy) and the concentration distributions of C-, S-, N-, O-, and H-containing components and active particles in the gas phase were determined. Based on the total concentration distribution of C-, S-, N-, O-, and H-containing components and active particles in the gas phase, the weight content of carbon was calculated. Taking into account the chemical matrix of the furnace fuel oil–air system and the weight content of carbon, the man-made load of carbon in the gas phase was found. The results of the work made it possible to evaluate the carbon footprint in the gas phase because of the combustion of fuel, in particular, furnace fuel oil in air. Reduction of the man-made load of carbon oxides (CO, CO2) in the gas phase was achieved by modifying and burning furnace fuel oil in the form of oil-in-water (reverse) emulsions in E-1/9M industrial boilers.
Parametric Analysis of a Mathematical Model of a Catalytic Oscillator
Authors: Naimov A. Ya. , Nazanskii S. L. , Bykov V. I.
Published: April 2024

In some cases, a reaction in the oscillatory mode has a higher selectivity for the target product. To organize production in this mode, it is necessary to determine the conditions under which fluctuations occur, as well as to consider the very nature of the fluctuations. In this work, a parametric analysis of the basic kinetic model of an oscillatory reaction without autocatalysis was made. The boundaries of the parameters at which the system oscillates were found. Phase portraits of the system and bifurcation curves were constructed. Stationary states of the system were analyzed. The type and number of stationary states were identified. It was shown that the system at certain parameters has three stationary states: two unstable nodes and a saddle. Parametric analysis of basic models will allow selecting initial approximations for calculations of more complex models of real reactions.
Separation of an Industrial Mixture of Decalin or Naphthalene Fluorination Products. Purification of Perfluoro(7-methylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane) from Close-Boiling Impurities by Heteroazeotropic Distillation
Authors: Polkovnichenko A. V. , Lupachev E. V. , Kisel’ A. V. , Kvashnin S. Ya. , Kulov N. N.
Published: April 2024

The process of perfluoro(7-methylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane) (MBCN) purification from an industrial mixture of decalin or naphthalene fluorination products is considered. According to experimental data, distillation separation allows us to concentrate MBCN to a fraction with the target-component content of more than 0.950 wt. fr., after which the process efficiency begins to decrease quickly; upon reaching a concentration of 0.975 wt. fr., separation practically breaks down (the value of the separation coefficient Ksep → 1). The process of purification of MBCN by the method of heteroazeotropic distillation using acetone (Aс) as a separating agent is proposed, the process being realized on a batch semi-industrial distillation column. The method makes it possible to intensify significantly the final stage of purification and to increase the MBCN content from 0.950 to more than 0.998 wt. fr., the mass fraction of the enriched fraction sampling comprises more than 0.85 of the load and the product yield being above 88%. The values of the separation coefficients between the distillate and the bottom product and the coefficients of enrichment for the target and impurity components are given; for the MBСN–Aс binary system, data on the liquid–liquid phase equilibrium and heteroazeotrope characteristics are determined.
Mathematical Description of Electric Mass-Transfer Processes Based on Substance Transfer Equation
Authors: Ravichev L. V. , Ilyina S. I. , Loginov V. Ya. , Bykov V. I. , Titov A. A.
Published: April 2024

Studies of the electrodialysis separation processes under pulsed current have faced problems related to the lack of a mathematical description of the electric mass-transfer processes, taking into account unsteady current modes. The main problem when describing electric mass-transfer processes is the presence of two driving forces, namely the electric potential gradient and the concentration gradient. The objective of the present work is creating a criterion equation describing charge transfer, derived by analogy with the derivation of the substance-transfer equations. As a result, a convective electrical conductivity equation is derived, which expresses in general terms the charge-density distribution in a moving flow. The obtained equation allows us to derive the criteria of electrical similarity, namely the electrical Peclet and Prandtl numbers. The obtained electrical numbers are compared with the classical criteria in terms of their dimensionalities. Using the obtained numbers, the Nusselt number for electric mass-transfer processes is derived, which takes into account the substance transfer both due to the concentration gradient and due to the potential difference, as well as the influence on the electrodialysis separation process of the operating and limiting current density and the geometrical parameters of the plant
Studying the Quality of Micromixing in a Single-Stage Microreactor with Intensively Swirled Flows
Authors: Abiev R. Sh. , Potekhin D. A.
Published: April 2024

The work considers the results of experimental and numerical study on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a jet vortex reactor mikro-VSA-1, for which one of the application fields is the synthesis of oxide materials (e.g., perovskite-like material for solar panels). The energy-dissipation rate and micromixing quality are studied (by the iodide–iodate method) for various methods of supplying micro-VSA-1 and T-shaped millireactors with solutions. Numerical modeling reveals the volumes with the highest energy-dissipation rate. The quality of micromixing in the micro-VSA-1 is shown to be much higher than in the T-shaped millireactor, due to, among other things, the fact that the zone with the highest energy-dissipation rate is localized near the neck of the micro-VSA-1.
Energodynamics of Radiation and the Chemical Bonding as a Resonance-Selective Interaction
Authors: Dorokhov I. N.
Published: April 2024

The myth about special quantum mechanics, different from classical mechanics, has beendebunked. In fact, there is a branch of classical mechanics, which belongs to wave theory and considers a particle-like wave, rather than a particle having the properties of a wave. New quantum mechanics, free from unnecessary entities, assumptions, and hypotheses, makes it possible to get rid of many accumulated contradictions in theoretical physics, physical chemistry, and quantum chemistry and expands the methodological base of engineering disciplines by opening up new ways and means for solving practical problems, as shown by the example of consideration of chemical bonding as a resonant-selective interaction
Localization of Vapors of Cesium Iodide on Ceramic Block-Cellular Contact Elements in an Oxidizing Environment
Authors: Gasparyan M. D. , Grunskii V. N. , Mochalov Yu. S. , Sukhanov L. P. , Titov A. V. , Tishchenko S. V. , Obukhov E. O.
Published: April 2024

The efficiency of separate trapping of cesium oxide and molecular iodine formed during oxidative thermolysis of cesium iodide in the process of chemisorption on ceramic highly porous block-cellular contact elements is investigated. The dynamic sorption capacity of contact elements with an applied aluminosilicate sorption-active layer and with an active layer of silver nitrate for cesium and iodine, respectively, is determined. The developed contact elements are recommended for use in systems of local gas purification of hightemperature processing stages of recycling of spent nuclear fuel.
Extractive Distillation of an Ethyl Acetate–Ethanol–Water Azeotropic Mixture in the Presence of Boric Acid Amino Ester
Authors: Klinov A. V. , Khairullina A. R. , Malygin A. V. , Davletbaeva I. M.
Published: April 2024

The effect of boric acid amino ester, which was obtained from triethanolamine, boric acid, and triethylene glycol, on the conditions of vapor–liquid equilibrium in the ethyl acetate–ethanol and ethyl acetate–isopropanol azeotropic binary mixtures and the ethyl acetate–ethanol–water ternary mixture was studied both by experimental methods of open evaporation with a Świętosławski ebulliometer, and by modeling using the UNIFAC method. Parameters of the interaction of the CCOO group (in ethyl acetate) with theboron group B were determined, which are absent in the literature. A process for separating the ethyl acetate–ethanol–water azeotropic mixture by extractive distillation was proposed.
Extraction of Ti(IV) Ions from Chloride Solutions with the Aliquat 336–Menthol Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Kozhevnikova A. V. , Uvarova E. S. , Lobovich D. V. , Milevskii N. A. , Zakhodyaeva Yu. A. , Voshkin A. A.
Published: April 2024

Hydrometallurgical methods remain among the most promising for lithium-ion battery recycling, and liquid–liquid extraction is the key step in separating the complex mixture of elements that make up the anode and cathode. The development and complication of the composition of batteries, in particular, the active production of lithium titanate anodes, requires additional research on extraction. The work studied in detail the extraction of Ti(IV) ions with the Aliquat 336–menthol hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, which was previously successfully used to separate elements from leaching solutions of NMC-type cathodes (LiNiMnCoO2). Data were obtained on the extraction of titanium(IV) ions with varying acidity of the medium, concentration of chloride ions, and concentration of the extractant in the deep eutectic solvent. Based on these data, a mechanism for the extraction of titanium(IV) ions was proposed. Finally, a system for efficient extractant regeneration was proposed. The result of this work can be used to create an extractionscheme for separating leaching solutions of lithium-ion batteries with a lithium titanate anode.
Transformation of Dispersed Oil Systems by the Addition of Synthetic Waxes
Authors: Lukina V. I. , D’yachkova S. G. , Zhitov R. G.
Published: April 2024

It was proved that polymer–bitumen binders undergo a structural transformation after the addition of synthetic waxes. UV spectroscopy study showed that wax macromolecules and compounds of the dispersed oil system enter into chemical interactions, which was detected by the disappearance of the absorption band at 260 nm in the UV spectrum of the wax–bitumen blend. This suggested the formation of crosslinked reinforcingspatial structures, which explain the observed improvement in the performance properties of the polymer–bitumen binder after the addition of synthetic waxes: an increase in the softening temperature and brittleness temperature, a decrease in penetration, and an increase in their dynamic viscosity. It was determined that the transformation of the physicochemical characteristics of the polymer–bitumen binder after the additionof wax depends on its chemical nature. Waxes with an aliphatic branched polyethylene structure (Plastobit 430F, Plastowax 200TD, Plastowax 725T, Honeywell Titan 7686) more strongly change the physicochemical characteristics of the polymer–bitumen binder in comparison with waxes of the ProPolymer MA123 and ProPolymer MA-SK-02 brands, which are maleic anhydride–grafted linear polyethylene.
Analysis of the Oil Flowing Process on the Basis of von Kármán Vortex Streets
Authors: Naletov V. A. , Glebov M. B. , Ravichev L. V.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the local vortex flows of oil transported through main product pipelines are analyzed on the basis of von Kármán vortex streets. The vortex flow analysis is based on the modeling of hydrodynamics by the Ansys Fluent software package. The simulation of local vortex flows is based on the shear-stress transport (SST) model, representing a combination of two k–ε and k–ω turbulence models. It is proven that, at specified oil-flow parameters and characteristics, it is possible to organize local vortex flows in the centerof a pipeline. The estimation of hydraulic drags in the zone of the von Kármán vortex streets indicates that they can be decreased. On the other hand, the analysis of overall pressure losses evidences that drag losses are predominant in the case of flowing around vortex-generating devices, requiring the search for other methods to organize local vortex flows or overcome drag losses by using the resources of multifunctional units in oiltransport processes.
The State of the Haemostasis System under Conditions of Immobilization Stress against the Background of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Grigorjeva M. E. , Obergan T. Y. , Korobovsky A. V.
Published: April 2024

The state of the haemostasis system under conditions of immobilization stress against the background of metabolic syndrome (MS) in male Wistar rats was studied. Two series of experiments were conducted using single and multiple immobilization effects. It was shown that the development of MS with prolonged maintenance of rats on a high-calorie diet led to a decrease in anticoagulant-fibrinolytic and antiplatelet potential of blood. In the plasma of intact rats subjected to both single and multiple immobilization, an increase in blood clotting and a decrease in fibrinolysis were found. At the same time, the use of multiple immobilization effects in comparison with single immobilization contributed to a more pronounced increase in platelet aggregation. The combination of both single and multiple immobilization and MS in rats caused a significant decrease in fibrinolysis, anticoagulant activity of blood and increased platelet aggregation. However, in the case of repeated immobilization exposure, an even more significant increase in ADP-dependent platelet aggregation was observed. A comparative analysis of the indicators of primary and plasma haemostasis under these experimental conditions allows us to conclude that immobilization, regardless of its duration, aggravates the state of hypercoagulation in rats with MS. Moreover, repeated immobilization stress on the background of metabolic disorders leads to more pronounced hypercoagulation shifts due to an increase in platelet aggregation by 2 times compared with intact animals.
The Problem of the Origin of Subgenomes B, A, D of Bread Wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Old Facts and New Evidences
Authors: Kuluev A. R. , Kuluev B. R. , Chemeris A. V.
Published: April 2024

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belongs to the wheat tribe, which includes representatives of the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Hordeum, etc. The genera Aegilops and Triticum in the process of evolution have repeatedly hybridized with each other, including with the formation of polyploid forms that have the status of species and belong to the so-called Triticum–Aegilops alliance. As the methodological possibilities developed, various approaches were used to determine the ancestors of certain species of this alliance, ranging directly from interspecific crosses and cytogenetic methods to whole genome sequencing of non-nuclear and nuclear genomes. It has been established that the genome of bread wheat T. aestivum, one of the main food crops in the world, consists of three related subgenomes, which received the symbols A, B, D. At present, only the donor of the D subgenome, which is Aegilops tauschii Coss., is reliably known. The ancestor of subgenome A is presumably considered to be T. urartu Thum. ex Gandil. Information about the donor of the B subgenome is less clear, but most likely it is Ae. speltoides Tausch. or a species close to it. This review is devoted to the consideration of some old data on the putative donors of bread wheat, which, taking into account the maternal form, the BBAADD genome, and the refinement of some phylogenetic relationships in the Triticum–Aegilops alliance in the light of new information obtained as a result of whole genome sequencing of wheat.
Changes of Organism Life Important System State by Long-COVID-19
Authors: Kuznik B. I. , Shapovalov K. G. , Chalisova N. I.
Published: April 2024

Long-COVID-19 is a long disease, its duration can be more than four weeks. The analysis was made of epidemiology and of symptoms of Long-COVID-19. The pathogenesis of disease is discased, particularly the inflammation processes, immune system state (cytokine storm), hemostasis system (mechanism of the thrombosis development) and oxidative stress. The disturbances of the central nervous system, including the brain organic diseases and the cognitive functions disturbances, plays a great role by the Long-COVID-19. Besides the damages of heart-vessel system and of breath organs are described. The treatment and rehabilitation of the patients with Long-COVID-19 is not only medical, but also great social problem.
Сhannelized Karyotype Evolution of the Common Shrew Sorex araneus (Mammalia)
Authors: Orlov V. N. , Kryshchuk I. A. , Cherepanova E. V. , Borisov Yu. M.
Published: April 2024

A model of channelized evolution of the S. araneus L. karyotype in the processes of replacement of ten pairs of acrocentric chromosomes by five pairs of metacentric chromosomes has been proposed. The channelized evolution of the karyotype arises due to the inability of Rb fusions with incomplete (monobrachial) homology to spread in the same population. Therefore, an Rb fusion, due to some random event first appearing in a population, largely determines the further evolution of the karyotype of that population. After the third replacement of acrocentric chromosomes by metacentric ones, the replacement of the remaining 6 pairs of acrocentrics allows the formation of no more than three karyotypes with five diagnostic metacentrics, which can be predicted, regardless of which rearrangements result in metacentric chromosomes (Rb fusion or WART). The channelized karyotypic evolution greatly increases the likelihood of parallel karyotype formation, in cases where evolution begins with identical metacentrics in geographically distant populations. An example of parallel evolution that began with the gk metacentric is the identical karyotypes of the new Mogilev race from Belarus and the Tomsk race from Western Siberia. The evolution of Eastern European chromosomal races shows hybrid fusion processes between the karyotypes of the East European karyotypic group (EEKG) and the West European karyotypic group (WEKG).
Changes in Active and Non-Excitable Adjacent Nerve Membranes after Electroactivation
Authors: Sotnikov O. S.
Published: April 2024

It has long been recognized that parabiosis and paranecrosis are two close cytological theories that have demonstrated the intermediate state of the cell between life and death from various scientific positions. However, they have not previously been shown by anyone at the same time on the same object. This became the goal of our electron microscopic work. Active and non-excitable membranes of nerve and glial cells under pessimal inhibition have been studied. The main sign of paranecrosis was considered denaturation and aggregation of membrane protein, manifested in a decrease in its degree of dispersion and dehydration. Parabiosis was caused by the pessimal frequency of electroactivation of the sympathetic ganglion of white rats. As a result, the axolemma turned into a thick membrane, reinforced with fringe and the appearance of desmosomes. There were protein sticking from the inside of the neurolemma in the form of pyramids, which, by retracting, curved the membrane. In its bends, pyramid-like loose aggregates of intermembrane protein were formed from the outer sides of the glial and axolemm membranes, which, merging, turned into a kind of hourglass and septa. The septa were localized in the intercellular slits of axons and glia and often crossed both membranes. In chemical synapses, the shell of dendrites turned out to be denser than that of presynaptic axons. The process of protein aggregation and retraction locally narrows the intercellular axo-axonal and axo-glial cleft. Gap and tight junctions (GJ and TJ) are formed. So, for the first time we got a way of their experimental education. All reactive changes that occur de novo are considered as one reversible process of denaturation and aggregation of the mass of intrinsic and near-membrane proteins developed under the influence of frequency electrical stimulation. The pulse of the drug is restored within minutes. It is assumed that the revealed changes, paranecrosis, are a morphological manifestation of parabiosis.
On the Biological Role of Histone Acetylation/Deacetylation in the Process of Plant Germination
Authors: Vafina G. H. , Stupak E. E.
Published: April 2024

The transition of embryos in air-dry seeds from a state of dormancy to a state with a highly active metabolism during germination is accompanied by significant changes in both spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression and is controlled by multilevel regulatory networks. The character and degree of acetylation of chromatin proteins depend on the transcriptional activity of chromatin, and are also associated with DNA replication and the cell cycle. Obtaining a complete picture of the involvement of histone modification in seed germination in the future will be useful for increasing crop yields, as a way to assess the quality and viability of seeds before sowing, and will also allow the development of methods for managing the realization of plant genetic potential.
Rapid Assessment of Cardiovascular System Parameters Using Cardiorespiratory Indices
Authors: Mokasheva Ek. N. , Mokasheva Ev. N. , Grebennikova I. V. , Zemskova V. A. , Bolotskikh V. I.
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular pathology is the leading among all nosologies in terms of prevalence and mortality, prevailing in old age. It is necessary to quickly assess the work of the cardiovascular system in the practice of a clinician, especially at the outpatient stage. There are a number of indices and coefficients that can be calculated on the basis of a general examination (without financial costs), namely: Kerdo, Robinson, pulse pressure, endurance coefficient, adaptive potential according to Baevsky, the actual index of blood supply, type of self-regulation of blood circulation, stroke volume of the heart, the coefficient of blood circulation efficiency, physical condition level and the Hildebrandt index. The article provides formulas, their interpretation and possible interpretation of the results of cardiorespiratory indices.
Effects of the Impact of Water-Soluble Forms of Fullerenes and Their Derivatives on Plants Metabolism and Yield of Agricultural Crops
Authors: Yamskova О. V. , Kurilov D. V. , Zavarzin I. V. , Krasnov М. S. , Voronkova T. V.
Published: April 2024

The search for effective and environmentally friendly plant growth regulators in modern conditions makes it possible to identify and reduce the impact on plant development, its metabolic processes, the biomass of its various parts and crops. Substances with the least toxicity to living organisms, which are of particular interest in this field, in particular, these include C60, C70 fullerenes and their derivatives. This paper describes the impact of both fullerenes themselves and their derivatives on plant growth, yield, effects, metabolic and morphological changes observed depending on the processing methods, the chemical structure of the derivative, and the amount of substance used for processing.
Genetic Diversity of the European Perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) from Some Rivers of Russia
Authors: Bachevskaya L. T. , Pereverzeva V. V. , Agapova G. A. , Primak A. A.
Published: April 2024

Data on the nucleotide sequence variability of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene of the European perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) from the rivers of the Volga and the Kolyma basins were obtained. An assessment of the genetic diversity of the European perch from the studied populations was carried out. A high level of divergence was noted between the perch samples from the rivers of different regions. At the same time, it was shown that, according to the genetic parameters, the samples of the European perch from the rivers of the same water basin had statistically significant differences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the found haplotypes of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene led to the conclusion that the Kolyma perch cannot claim the status of a subspecies of P. fluviatilis.
Post-Covid Syndrome: Pathophysiology of Systemic Disregulations
Authors: Gomazkov O. A.
Published: April 2024

The main processes that characterize the post-COVID syndrome are analyzed as a version of the “prolonged” pathology of acute COVID-19. Considering the variety of manifestations of post-covid pathology, the main blocks of systemic, cellular and molecular dysregulations are distinguished. As the main reasons, the following are considered: the consequences of systemic and organ damage in the acute phase of COVID-19, the persistent activity of “hidden” pathogens and the altered status of the patient’s protective immune systems. Long-term pathology, as a multisystem syndrome, reflects disturbances in the main cellular and molecular regulatory systems: stochastic disorganization of immune responses, vascular endothelial dysfunction, cellular inflammation, imbalance of coagulation and antithrombosis systems, deviations in autoimmune processes, etc. These findings orient new cellular and biochemical targets for timely therapy. The varied nature of the symptoms suggests a selective use of therapeutic approaches.
The Effect of Gonads Maturation on Lysozyme of Pike Females Esox lucius (Esocidae)
Authors: Subbotkin M. F. , Subbotkina T. A.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the gonad development in the pike Esox lucius females on the quantitative parameters of the lysozyme, a component of nonspecific resistance, and the size of some the immune system organs was studied from September to April. The variability of the lysozyme concentration as an indicator of the amount of enzyme in a fixed dimension, as well as the total amount of lysozyme in the whole organ was evaluated. It is established that during the period of female maturation and gonad development the concentration of lysozyme in the serum and spleen significantly decreases. At this time, the size of the liver increases, and the spleen decreases, the kidney index remains unchanged. The concentration of lysozyme in the liver and serum is inversely correlated with the increase of the gonads, but the dependence on the gonads size is weak. The growth of the gonads and a significant increase in the size of the liver do not affect the lysozyme index of the liver, which reflects the total amount of the enzyme in this organ. It was found that the decrease in the enzyme concentration in the liver is proportional to the increase in the size of the organ. A direct relationship was found between the quantitative parameters of the lysozyme in the kidney and the total amount of the enzyme and the size of the spleen, therefore, a decrease in the concentration and total amount of lysozyme in the kidney may be a manifestation of the indirect effect of gonad maturation. The concentration of lysozyme in the serum showed a direct relationship with the water temperature of the water body, but such a relationship was not manifested in the organs. In the studied period, the quantitative parameters of the enzyme in the spleen and the relative size of the organ turned out to be more related to the water temperature than to the gonadosomatic index. The maturation of the gonads in females, combined with the external influence of temperature, has both a direct and indirect effect on the concentration of lysozyme in tissues. The concentration of tissue lysozyme as an indicator with a fixed dimension can be determined not only by the state of immunity, but also by changes in the size of organs. Determination of the total amount of lysozyme in the immune system organs increases the objectivity of assessing the influence of the physiological state of the organism on the nonspecific immunity of fish.
Nanomaterials in Plant Protection against Parasitic Nemates
Authors: Zinovieva S. V. , Udalova Zh. V. , Khasanovа O. S.
Published: April 2024

A review of current data on the effect of nanoparticles on phytoparasitic nematodes in the study in vitro and in planta and on plants infested with nematodes was carried out. Available data have shown that many nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides and non-metals have an effective nematicidal potential. According to the available data, NPs can have a direct toxic effect on nematodes, reduce the infection of plants during seed pretreatment or spraying, lead to inhibition of reproduction and development of the parasite in the roots, and their effectiveness may exceed known commercial nematicides. Some nanoparticles have an immunostimulatory effect on plants. Data on the mechanisms of action of NPs on nematodes are presented. An important mechanism for the toxicity of nanoparticles to nematodes may be the generation of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress). Exposure to nanoparticles increased the expression of target genes involved in oxidative stress and DNA damage repair. A small number of works have dealt with nanonematicides, which in the form of nanocapsules have proven to be very effective against endoparasitic nematodes.
Toxic Substances and Their Sources in Feed for Fur-Bearing Animals
Authors: Beketov S. V. , Bogomolova I. V. , Praded M. N. , Toporova I. V. , Toporova L. V. , Kaledin A. P.
Published: April 2024

The use of a wide variety of animal and plant feeds in fur farming, a significant number of suppliers, as well as the complexity of transportation and storage of feed raw materials increase the risks of feed toxicoinfections and toxicoses. The proposed review article describes in detail the main toxic substances and their sources in fur-bearing animal feed, including biological and chemical toxins, namely bacterial and fungal metabolites, protein breakdown products and fat oxidation, fish biotoxins, heavy metals, persistent organochlorine compounds, pestcides, etc.