bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fit for Cancer Treatment: a prospective feasibility study of primary care initiated prehabilitation for patients with suspected cancer
Authors: Barlow Rachael C , Chan David Sheng Yi , Mayor Sharon , Perkins Ceri , Lawton Helen L , Powell Arfon GMT , Lewis Wyn G
Published: October 2018

Background

Risk profile assessment and corrective interventions using optimisation of health status and prehabilitation represent an important strategy in the management of patients with a suspected cancer diagnosis.

Aim

To determine the feasibility of pre-treatment optimisation and prehabilitation commenced at index primary care consultation, to improve patients’ preparation for treatment by maximising the time available.

Design & setting

Between January 2015 and May 2016, 195 patients presenting to 12 GP practices were deemed eligible to enter the study, of which 189 (96.9%, median age 60 [21–91] years and 65 months; 124 female) were recruited and consented to the prehabilitation bundle.

Method

All patients were simultaneously referred to secondary care using urgent suspected cancer (USC) pathways. The primary outcome measures were definitive diagnosis and treatment plan.

Results

Fifteen patients (7.9%) were diagnosed with cancer (three breast, three colon, two lung, two skin [one melanoma, one sarcoma], one tonsil, one vocal cord, one pancreas, one prostate, one ependymoma) and 62 were diagnosed with other significant medical conditions (47 gastrointestinal, 13 sepsis, two respiratory) requiring secondary care assessment and treatment. Of the 15 patients with cancer, 11 (73.3%) underwent potentially curative treatment, and four (26.7%) palliative treatment. Of the total study cohort, 84 (44%) required a form of optimisation in primary care, and patients with cancer were more likely to require optimisation than others (n = 10 [63%] versus n = 74 [43%], χ2 9.384, P = 0.002).

Conclusion

One in 12 primary care USC patients had cancer (5.6% receiving potentially curative treatment), one in three had other systemic health issues, and overall two in five benefited from healthcare intervention. Primary care optimisation was feasible and associated with important allied health benefits.
Pharmacist joint-working with general practices: evaluating the Sheffield Primary Care Pharmacy Programme. A mixed-methods study
Authors: Marques Iuri , Gray Nicola Jane , Tsoneva Jo , Magirr Peter , Blenkinsopp Alison
Published: October 2018

Background

The NHS in the UK supports pharmacists’ deployment into general practices. This article reports on the implementation and impact of the Primary Care Pharmacy Programme (PCPP). The programme is a care delivery model that was undertaken at scale across a city in which community pharmacists (CPs) were matched with general practices and performed clinical duties for one half-day per week.

Aim

To investigate (a) challenges of integration of CPs in general practices, and (b) the perceived impact on care delivery and community pharmacy practice.

Design & setting

This mixed-methods study was conducted with CPs, community pharmacy employers (CPEs), scheme commissioners (SCs), and patients in Sheffield.

Method

Semi-structured interviews (n = 22) took place with CPs (n = 12), CPEs (n = 2), SCs (n = 3), and patients (n = 5). A cross-sectional survey of PCPP pharmacists (n = 47, 66%) was also used. A descriptive analysis of patient feedback forms was undertaken and a database of pharmacist activities was created.

Results

Eighty-six of 88 practices deployed a pharmacist. Although community pharmacy contracting and backfill arrangements were sometimes complicated, timely deployment was achieved. Development of closer relationships appeared to facilitate extension of initially agreed roles, including transition from ‘backroom’ to patient-facing clinical work. CPs gained understanding of GP processes and patients’ primary care pathway, allowing them to follow up work at the community pharmacy in a more timely way, positively impacting on patients' and healthcare professionals’ perceived delivery of care.

Conclusion

The PCPP scheme was the first of its kind to achieve almost universal uptake by GPs throughout a large city. The study findings reveal the potential for CP–GP joint-working in increasing perceived positive care delivery and reducing fragmented care, and can inform future implementation at scale and at practice level.
Contribution à l'étude pétrographique des andésites du Cantal
Authors: Palm-Lazard C.
Published: October 2018

L'étude pétrographique des andésites, qui forment la majeure partie des montagnes du Cantal, a permis de répartir ces roches en trois groupes : les andésites à augite, les andésites à augite et hypersthène et les andésites très pauvres en pyroxènes.

Différents problèmes minéralogiques et pétrographiques ont été discutés au sujet de ces laves. Le zonage des plagioclases a été étudié suivant la méthode de Homma (1936). Par ailleurs une étude très détaillée des pyroxènes, à la platine de Fédorof, a permis de mettre en évidence des phénomènes d'exsolution de clinoenstatite au sein des phéno-cristaux d'augite, ainsi qu'une transformation progressive de l'hypersthène en augite titanifère.

Enfin, l'ordre de cristallisation a été analysé en prenant pour base les diagrammes de Hess (1941), mais en apportant à ces derniers des modifications justifiées par nos propres observations.
Les roches malgachitiques de la région de Lamastre (Ardèche, Massif Central français)
Authors: Didier Jean
Published: October 2018

Le granite migmatitique du Velay contient dans la région de Lamastre de grandes enclaves de roches malgachitiques. Constituées au centre par des norites et à la périphérie par des gabbros quartziques, ces enclaves sont interprétées comme des résidus d'anciens massifs noritiques antérieurs au métamorphisme régional et à la granitisation.
Sur un nouvel arséniure de nickel (Ni2As). L'orcélite
Authors: Caillère Simonne , Avias Jacques , Falgueirettes Jean
Published: October 2018

Dans le massif de Tiébaghi (Nouvelle-Calédonie) deux sondages ont permis de recouper une zone minéralisée. Celle-ci renferme principalement un minéral bronzé, anisotrope dont les pouvoirs réflecteurs élevés diffèrent de ceux des autres arséniures connus. L'analyse chimique conduit à lui donner la formule Ni₂As. L'étude thermique permet d'établir que par calcination à l'air les arséniures moins riches en métal se transforment en Ni₂As vers 650°.

D'autre part, le diagramme X de l'orcélite correspond à celui d'arséniures de synthèse obtenus soit par fusion, soit par diffusion à chaud.
Contribution à l'étude des « ilménites » du sud-est de Madagascar et du Sénégal. Relations avec la nature de « l'arizonite »
Authors: Bolfa Joseph , Chevallier Raymond , La Roche H. de , Kern Raymond
Published: October 2018

L'étude «d'ilménites » extraites de sables littoraux et de leur roche mère (Madagascar) d'une part et de sables de plage (Sénégal) d'autre part a permis de préciser les différents stades de leur altération. La relation entre la nature minéralogique d'un des stades d'altération de ces «ilménites » et de «l'arizonite » a été mise en évidence.
Utilisation du calculateur électronique CAB 500 pour les calculs cristallographiques
Authors: Laurent André , Rérat B. , Rérat C.
Published: October 2018

Utilisation d'un petit calculateur électronique pour les calculs cristallographiques. Exemples d'application à raffinement des structures par la méthode des moindres carrés et à la recherche des facteurs de diffusion atomique intervenant dans un calcul de facteurs de structure.
L'analyse thermique différentielle de la sidérite
Authors: Warne Slade St. J.
Published: October 2018

De nombreux travaux sur l'analyse thermique différentielle de la sidérite ont été publiés ; ils sont analysés et discutés. Les résultats concordent à l'exception de ceux de Caillère et Pobeguin (1960).
Reproduction artificielle de quelques minéraux riches en zirconium (zircon, eudialyte, catapléite, elpidite) ; comparaison avec leurs conditions naturelles de formation
Authors: Christophe Michel-Lévy Mireille
Published: October 2018

Reproduction artificielle de l'eudialyte, d'une catapléite purement sodique, d'elpidite et de quatre phases inconnues dans la nature ; celles-ci ne se forment pas en présence d'alumine. Une concentration de 5 % Na₂CO₃ dans l'eau est indispensable à la formation de l'eudialyte ; en milieu moins alcalin, cristallisation de zircon.
Sur la formation des macles de croissance
Authors: Kern Raymond
Published: October 2018

On rappelle brièvement la loi des macles selon G. Friedel. Une hypothèse sur la formation des macles de croissance est exploitée du point de vue géométrique et énergétique. On prévoit que la formation des macles de croissance est due aux conditions de dépassement de l'équilibre ; on donne une relation sur la fréquence des macles et analyse l'influence des impuretés sur la croissance des macles.
Étude électrique et magnétique de composés sulfurés et arséniés d'éléments de transition I. Mesures électriques par la méthode des pointes II. Propriétés électriques de la chalcopyrite
Authors: Wintenberger Micheline
Published: October 2018

La première partie est consacrée à la mesure des résistivités électriques et de l'effet Hall dans un cristal anisotrope semi-infini à l'aide d'une sonde à quatre pointes. On établit les formules reliant les constantes à déterminer aux différences de potentiel mesurées, et on donne une méthode de calcul des termes correctifs provenant des dimensions finies de l'échantillon.

Dans la deuxième partie, on décrit l'étude expérimentale des propriétés semi-conductrices de la chalcopyrite : énergie d'activation non intrinsèque, anisotropie de conductibilité, effet Hall dans des monocristaux naturels, et influence des substitutions portant sur Fe et Cu dans des échantillons de synthèse polycristallins. On discute la possibilité d'échange de valence.
The Berlin Exoplanet Search Telescope. II. Catalog of Variable Stars. III. Census of Variable Stars in a Puppis Field
Authors: Dreyer C. , Csizmadia Sz. , Titz-Weider R. , Eigmüller Ph. , Fruth T. , Cabrera J. , Erikson A. , Rauer H.
Published: October 2018

The Berlin Exoplanet Search Telescope II (BEST II) is a ground-based, small aperture, wide-angle telescope used to search for stellar light variations in the southern hemisphere. We report the results of a monitoring campaign observing a field in the Puppis constellation in late 2011/early 2012. Light curves were obtained for 130,472 stars, out of which we identify 2169 variables, including 1829 newly discovered, 26 previously known, and 314 suspected variable stars. We determine periods and variability class for two previously known, but only suspected to be, variable stars. For eight individual eclipsing binary stars, including the two previously known but unclassified binaries, the system parameters were derived at the epoch of the observation by modeling the light curves. Eventually, in a catalog for all variable stars, we present coordinates, magnitude, and elements of light variations, e.g., epoch, period, amplitude, type, and light curves. This catalog concludes the BEST/BEST II project.
Exoplanet Modulation of Stellar Coronal Radio Emission
Authors: Cohen Ofer , Moschou Sofia-Paraskevi , Glocer Alex , Sokolov Igor V. , Mazeh Tsevi , Drake Jeremy J. , Garraffo C. , Alvarado-Gómez J. D.
Published: October 2018

The search for exoplanets in the radio bands has been focused on detecting radio emissions produced by the interaction between magnetized planets and the stellar wind (auroral emission). Here we introduce a new tool, which is part of our MHD stellar corona model, to predict the ambient coronal radio emission and its modulations induced by a close planet. For simplicity, the present work assumes that the exoplanet is stationary in the frame rotating with the stellar rotation. We explore the radio flux modulations using a limited parameter space of idealized cases by changing the magnitude of the planetary field, its polarity, the planetary orbital separation, and the strength of the stellar field. We find that the modulations induced by the planet could be significant and observable in the case of hot Jupiter planets— above 100% modulation with respect to the ambient flux in the 10–100 MHz range in some cases, and 2%–10% in the frequency bands above 250 MHz for some cases. Thus, our work indicates that radio signature of exoplanets might not be limited to low-frequency radio range. We find that the intensity modulations are sensitive to the planetary magnetic field polarity for short-orbit planets, and to the stellar magnetic field strength for all cases. The new radio tool, when applied to real systems, could provide predictions for the frequency range at which the modulations can be observed by current facilities.
Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth. II. Spacings, Depths, and Number of Gaps, with Application to Real Systems
Authors: Dong 董 Ruobing 若冰 , Li 李 Shengtai 胜台 , Chiang 蔣 Eugene 詒曾 , Li 李 Hui 晖
Published: October 2018

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has found multiple dust gaps and rings in a number of protoplanetary disks in continuum emission at millimeter wavelengths. The origin of such structures is under debate. Recently, we documented how one super-Earth planet can open multiple (up to five) dust gaps in a disk with low viscosity (α ≲ 10−4). In this paper, we examine how the positions, depths, and total number of gaps opened by one planet depend on input parameters, and apply our results to real systems. Gap locations (equivalently, spacings) are the easiest metric to use when making comparisons between theory and observations, as positions can be robustly measured. We fit the locations of gaps empirically as functions of planet mass and disk aspect ratio. We find that the locations of the double gaps in HL Tau and TW Hya, and of all three gaps in HD 163296, are consistent with being opened by a sub-Saturn mass planet. This scenario predicts the locations of other gaps in HL Tau and TW Hya, some of which appear consistent with current observations. We also show how the Rossby wave instability may develop at the edges of several gaps and result in multiple dusty vortices, all caused by one planet. A planet as low in mass as Mars may produce multiple dust gaps in the terrestrial planet-forming region.
Lepto-hadronic γ-Ray and Neutrino Emission from the Jet of TXS 0506+056
Authors: Sahakyan Narek
Published: October 2018

The observation of the IceCube-170922A event from the direction of TXS 0506+056 when it was in its enhanced γ-ray emission state offers a unique opportunity to investigate the lepto-hadronic processes in blazar jets. Here, the observed broadband emission of TXS 0506+056 is explained by boosted synchrotron/synchrotron self Compton emission from the jet, whereas the γ-ray data observed during the neutrino emission by inelastic interactions of the jet-accelerated protons in a dense gaseous target. The proton energy distribution is

, calculated straightforwardly from the data obtained by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes (MAGIC); if such a distribution continues up to E

c,p
 = 10 PeV, the expected neutrino rate is as high as ∼0.46 events during the long active phase of the source or ∼0.15 if the activity lasts 60 days. In this interpretation, the energy content of the protons above >GeV in blazar jets can be estimated as well: the required proton injection luminosity is ≃2.0 × 1048 erg s−1 exceeding 103 times that of electrons ≃1045 erg s−1, which are in equipartition with the magnetic field. As the required parameters are physically realistic, this can be an acceptable model for an explanation of the neutrino and γ-ray emission from TXS 0506+056.
Ultradense Hydrogen H(0) as Stable Dark Matter in the Universe: Extended Red Emission Spectra Agree with Rotational Transitions in H(0)
Authors: Holmlid Leif
Published: October 2018

Studies of ultradense hydrogen H(0) in our laboratory have been reported in around 50 publications. The proton solar wind was shown to agree well with the protons ejected by Coulomb explosions in p(0). H(0) is a quantum material and can have at least two slightly different forms—ultradense protium p(0) and ultradense deuterium D(0)—which are stable even inside many stars. Mixed phases pD(0) have also been studied. These phases are the lowest-energy forms of hydrogen, and H(0) will probably exist everywhere where hydrogen exists in the universe. Rotational spectra from H(0) have been studied in laboratory experiments in emission in the visible range, giving good agreement with observations of ERE (extended red emission) in space. The ERE bands and sharp peaks agree with rotational transitions for a few coupled p–p and p–D pairs in the well studied spin state s = 4 in H(0). Since ERE is observed almost everywhere in space, this proves that H(0) is common in space. The rotational absorption from the ground state in p(0) agrees with the 220 nm extinction bump for three coupled p–p pairs in the most common spin state s = 2 studied. The uneven distribution of deuterium in space may be due to the slightly different properties of D(0), which separate it from p(0). The dark “missing mass” concluded to exist in the halos of rotating galaxies is proposed as being due to accumulation of H(0) there. Other important implications of the superfluid and superconductive phase H(0) in space await discovery.
Identifying Inflated Super-Earths and Photo-evaporated Cores
Authors: Carrera Daniel , Ford Eric B. , Izidoro Andre , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Raymond Sean N. , Wolfgang Angie
Published: October 2018

We present empirical evidence, supported by a planet formation model, to show that the curve

approximates the location of the so-called photo-evaporation valley. Planets below that curve are likely to have experienced complete photo-evaporation, and planets just above it appear to have inflated radii; thus we identify a new population of inflated super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. Our N-body simulations are set within an evolving protoplanetary disk and include prescriptions for orbital migration, gas accretion, and atmospheric loss due to giant impacts. Our simulated systems broadly match the sizes and periods of super-Earths in the Kepler catalog. They also reproduce the relative sizes of adjacent planets in the same system, with the exception of planet pairs that straddle the photo-evaporation valley. This latter group is populated by planet pairs with either very large or very small size ratios (R
out/R
in ≫ 1 or R
out/R
in ≪ 1) and a dearth of size ratios near unity. It appears that this feature could be reproduced if the planet outside the photo-evaporation valley (typically the outer planet, but sometimes not) has its atmosphere significantly expanded by stellar irradiation. This new population of planets may be ideal targets for future transit spectroscopy observations with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.
A Study of Two Diffuse Dwarf Galaxies in the Field
Authors: Greco Johnny P. , Goulding Andy D. , Greene Jenny E. , Strauss Michael A. , Huang Song , Kim Ji Hoon , Komiyama Yutaka
Published: October 2018

We present optical long-slit spectroscopy and far-ultraviolet to mid-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting of two diffuse dwarf galaxies, LSBG-285 and LSBG-750, which were recently discovered by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). We measure redshifts using Hα line emission and find that these galaxies are at comoving distances of ≈25 and ≈41 Mpc, respectively, after correcting for the local velocity field. They have effective radii of r
eff = 1.2 and 1.8 kpc and stellar masses of M
⋆ ≈ (2–3) × 107
M
⊙. There are no massive galaxies (

) within a comoving separation of at least 1.5 Mpc from LSBG-285 and 2 Mpc from LSBG-750. These sources are similar in size and surface brightness to ultradiffuse galaxies, except they are isolated, star-forming objects that were optically selected in an environmentally blind survey. Both galaxies likely have low stellar metallicities [Z
⋆/Z
⊙] < −1.0 and are consistent with the stellar mass–metallicity relation for dwarf galaxies. We set an upper limit on LSBG-750's rotational velocity of ∼50 km s−1, which is comparable to dwarf galaxies of similar stellar mass with estimated halo masses <1011
M
⊙. We find tentative evidence that the gas-phase metallicities in both of these diffuse systems are high for their stellar mass, though a statistically complete, optically selected galaxy sample at very low surface brightness will be necessary to place these results into context with the higher surface brightness galaxy population.
Étude d’une table-ronde traitant de l’impact de l’exploitation du gaz de charbon sur l’environnement
Authors: Saint-Dizier de Almeida Valérie , Auriac-Slusarczyk Emmanuèle , Roland-Lévy Christine , Gunzburger Yann
Published: October 2018

L’article restitue l’étude d’une table-ronde produite au cours d’une journée-débat traitant de l’exploitation du gaz de charbon dans le Nord de la France. Les journées-débat sont des réunions publiques qui constituent un moyen actuellement privilégié pour informer et impliquer la population sur des problématiques notamment environnementales. Des chercheurs avancent que les tables-rondes peuvent s’inscrire dans le courant participatif qui a pris forme dans les années 60 aux Etats-Unis. Dans cet article, nous proposons l’analyse de la transcription de la table-ronde consacrée à l’impact de l’exploitation sur l’environnement afin d’apprécier dans quelle mesure les tables-rondes intègrent le courant participatif. L’analyse s’inscrit dans une visée compréhensive ; elle met en œuvre une méthodologie visant à éclairer l’activité sous différents angles. Il ressort de l’étude, outre la mise en exergue des caractéristiques de la tableronde, que celle-ci remplit quasiment toutes les règles spécifiées dans la littérature, hormis celle relative à l’interactivité.
Politiques de l’État et reconstructions
Authors: Labaki Boutros
Published: October 2018

Avec la fin de la guerre, l’Etat libanais se lance dans une politique de reconstruction (de l’infrastructure, de l’économie, des services sociaux, etc.) où plusieurs présidents et plusieurs gouvernements, mettant en place de nouveaux plans, se sont succédés. Plus d’une décennie après, un retour en arrière sur cette période s’impose, pour resituer les politiques de l’Etat et la reconstruction des années 90, dans leurs contextes multiples 1 .
Consolidation ou recomposition de la société civile d’après-guerre ?
Authors: Kiwan Fadia
Published: October 2018

Il est évident que la guerre intérieure 1 est le processus par excellence qui affecte le plus durablement le tissu des relations dans une collectivité, car en plus des destructions substantielles des infrastructures matérielles, elle s’accompagne de pertes en vies humaines, de blessures, de handicaps et de mutilations, d’enlèvements, de prise d’otages, de tortures, de vexations, d’humiliations et de peur, et ces derniers phénomènes affectent directement les populations civiles. Il faut ajouter que la durée de la guerre et sa nature influent aussi sur l’intensité de ses effets négatifs et de ce point de vue la guerre au Liban a battu les records par le nombre de volets qu’elle a comportés et par la violence (mesurée relativement en intensité de feu) qu‘elle a exercée. Si elle n’était pas une guerre civile au sens strict, c’est-à-dire du point de vue de ses acteurs, elle était civile par ses cibles et ses victimes. Qu’est devenue la société civile au Liban dans l’après-guerre ?
Le deuxième siècle d’Israël-Palestine
Authors: Carré Olivier
Published: October 2018

Ce n’est pas essentiellement de l’extérieur, pas même des Etats-Unis, que peut advenir effectivement la paix (qui est déjà écrite, programmée et acceptée largement), mais de l’intérieur. Les puissances extérieures n’ont peut-être pas d’intérêt majeur à guérir « l’homme malade » qu’est le Proche-Orient à la suite de la Turquie ottomane, c’est même sans doute le contraire. Et, quand d’aventure leur intérêt les y pousse comme, apparemment, en 1991-2000, elles sont impuissantes en dernier ressort. Le romancier Ghassân Kanafâni (assassiné plus tard à Beyrouth) me disait en 1970 dans son bureau de la revue Al-Hadaf (du fplp - Front Populaire pour la Libération de la Palestine) : « Pas les Etats arabes, ni l’Europe, ni l’ urss , ni les usa , mais seulement Israël et nous parviendrons à la paix ».
Naissance, enfance et parentalité au regard des historiens : nouvelles approches, nouveaux enjeux
Authors: Wilgaux Jérôme
Published: October 2018

Depuis une trentaine d’années, de nouvelles approches historiques de l’enfance et de la parentalité proposent de rompre avec les analyses opposant de manière radicale nos sociétés contemporaines aux sociétés passées, censées être caractérisées par un « déni de l’enfance ». Prenant ainsi pour exemple le monde grec antique, cet article décrit dans ses aspects essentiels l’investissement social, symbolique, affectif, dont bénéficient les enfants et les adolescents, dans le cadre d’un processus de « fabrication » et d’« appropriation » mettant en évidence les multiples dimensions (juridique, procréative, nourricière…) de la parenté et de la parentalité. Dans ce processus, père, mère et autres parents ou proches se voient reconnaître des rôles et des fonctions complémentaires, sous le contrôle constant de la collectivité.
Processus d’attachement dans le contexte du handicap
Authors: Lahouel-Zaier Wafa
Published: October 2018

Le domaine de l’attachement parent-enfant est devenu au cours des dernières années une question fondamentale pour la compréhension du développement des enfants et du développement humain. Les expériences précoces ont un impact à long terme sur le développement des individus, notamment leur sensibilité au stress. L’état des connaissances démontre l’importance d’agir pour favoriser le lien d’attachement sécurisant de l’enfant envers ses parents et pour favoriser en général son sentiment de sécurité émotionnelle. L’auteur explique comment les concepts de la théorie de l’attachement aident à comprendre le retentissement de la situation de handicap de l’enfant sur une des dimensions des soins parentaux particulièrement étudiée par la théorie de l’attachement : le comportement de caregiving (côté parent) et du processus d’attachement (côté enfant). La compréhension de la relation mère/bébé apportée par la théorie de l’attachement dans ce contexte particulier peut servir de cadre aux professionnels dans leur travail auprès des parents et des enfants, au début du processus d’attachement.
L’ elal d’Avicenne
Authors: Rezzoug Dalila , Bennabi-Bensekhar Malika , Moro Marie Rose
Published: October 2018

L’ELAL d’Avicenne est le premier outil transculturel d’évaluation des langues maternelles destiné aux enfants bilingues âgés de trois ans et demi à six ans et demi et utilisable jusque dix ans. Il a été validé auprès d’enfants dont la langue maternelle est le tamoul, l’arabe ou le soninké dans cinq contextes linguistiques et culturels différents : en France où les langues maternelles sont minoritaires, et au Sri Lanka, au Maroc, en Mauritanie et en Algérie où les langues étudiées sont majoritaires. Il a aussi été utilisé à Madagascar. L’ELAL est un révélateur de compétences. Cet outil est utile aux cliniciens dans une démarche d’exploration des transmissions familiales. En médecine préventive, il est utile à l’évaluation du développement langagier et à l’école, il permet de révéler des compétences transmises par la famille.
Validation transculturelle de l’ elal d’Avicenne en arabe dialectal (Algérie)
Authors: Bennabi Bensekhar Malika , Rezzoug Dalila , Moro Marie Rose
Published: October 2018

Faire la part de ce qui est dysfonctionnel par rapport à des modalités de fonctionnement langagier spécifiques à un contexte plurilingue, établir l’existence de réelles compétences linguistiques dans une langue exogène, éviter d’assigner à une catégorie pathologique des enfants qui n’ont juste pas bénéficié d’une bonne immersion en français, valoriser les ressources linguistiques disponibles dans la langue maternelle. L’ELAL d’Avicenne a été conçu dans ce but. Son administration en Algérie à 20 locuteurs arabophones (de 4 ans, 7 mois à 5 ans, 11 mois) nous confirme sa sensibilité et nous renseigne sur un effet du contexte sociolinguistique algérien.
Héritage traumatique chez les enfants nés du viol pendant le génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis au Rwanda en 1994
Authors: Muhayisa Assumpta , Mutabaruka Jean , Mukarusanga Ignatiana , Duret Isabelle
Published: October 2018

Parmi les jeunes nés du viol commis par la milice « Interahamwe » contre les filles et femmes Tutsies, le traumatisme hérité de leurs mères et de la situation de leur famille a été étudiée. 19 jeunes, (tous agés de 17 ans au moment de la passation de cette étude en 2012), et leurs mères dont l’âge variait de 33 ans à 45, ont participé à cette recherche. L’utilisation des outils de l’approche systémique : le génogramme libre et imaginaire, le dessin de famille et l’exploration de la devise familiale ainsi que la démarche de la recherche-action qui a duré 4 ans, ont facilité l’expression des ressentis chez les participants. Les résultats ont permis de confirmer que : - il y a une relation entre l’atrocité du viol commis pendant le génocide des Tutsis et la transmission du traumatisme chez les enfants issus de ce viol ; - les sentiments de tristesse, de chagrins et de honte sont en lien avec la constitution de leurs familles ; - le désespoir, la perte des repères identitaires chez ces enfants sont en lien avec le vécu de souffrances de leurs mères. Si l’étude a mis en exergue les fragilities, les ressources psychiques et relationnelles dont disposent ces enfants et leurs familles, elle jette aussi les bases qui permettraient de dégager les moyens et les conditions d’un dispositif systémique susceptible d’aider les enfants nés du viol et leurs mères à se reconstruire.
L’emprise financière de la Chine sur Sri Lanka : quelles implications pour l’Inde ?
Authors: Amelot Laurent
Published: October 2018

Alors que sous la présidence de Mahinda Rajapaska, les entreprises chinoises ont massivement investi à Sri Lanka, en particulier dans ses régions méridionales, générant une dépendance financière de Colombo à l’égard des établissements bancaires chinois, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Maithripala Sirisena a facilité le retour des sociétés indiennes à Sri Lanka, qui ont essentiellement investi dans le Nord et l’Est. Le face-à-face sino-indien, par entreprises interposées, qui semble se profiler ne devrait pas transformer Sri Lanka en un théâtre d’affrontement entre ces deux grandes puissances asiatiques. Par contre, la géographie des investissements chinois et indiens qui se dessine pourrait fragiliser l’unité territoriale de Sri Lanka.
Discuter la sûreté et sa démonstration : négocier ce qui fait preuve
Authors: Eydieux Jérémy , Tillement Stéphanie , Journé Benoît
Published: October 2018

La gouvernance des risques met toujours davantage en jeu des relations contrôleur/contrôlé. Pour le grand public comme pour la littérature académique, ces relations sont réglées par des référentiels a priori et conduisent les acteurs à adopter des attitudes de conformation à ces référentiels. Dans cet article, nous développons une perspective originale centrée sur les pratiques des contrôleurs et contrôlés. Nous montrons ainsi qu’une part de leur travail implique de négocier ce qui fait preuve et que le doute est une composante de la gouvernance des risques.
Négocier en situation de violence radicale : approche textométrique des séquences de crise
Authors: Marchand Pascal , Baroche Christophe
Published: October 2018

Un chercheur en Sciences de l’information et de la communication et un professionnel de la négociation policière de crise croisent leurs regards, leurs méthodes et leurs expériences pour proposer une nouvelle vision des situations de violence qui motivent l’intervention des Forces de police spécialisées. La question des séquences est particulièrement étudiée ici, au moyen d’une analyse des données textuelles. L’ensemble des résultats permet de proposer un modèle de « régulation thermodynamique » de la négociation de crise pour la formalisation des pratiques, le retour sur expériences et la formation des négociateurs.
Troubles du comportement alimentaire et régulation émotionnelle
Authors: Englebert Jérôme
Published: October 2018

Dans cet article, nous étudions les troubles du comportement alimentaire (spécifiquement l’anorexie). Nous y évoquons le mécanisme psychologique du déni, souvent associé à ces patients, et lui donnons une compréhension systémique en l’attribuant également à son entourage. Nous discutons ensuite des dimensions adaptatives du trouble tout en convoquant une réflexion phénoménologique sur le corps. Enfin, nous proposons de comprendre cette problématique du trouble alimentaire comme un trouble de la régulation émotionnelle.
NONLINEAR HEART RATE VARIABILITY-BASED ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF PERFORMANCE STATUS IN PULMONARY METASTASES PATIENTS
Authors: Shukla Reema Shyamsunder , Aggarwal Yogender
Published: October 2018

Cancer causes chronic stress and is associated with impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS). Heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested to be an important tool in the identification and prediction of performance status (PS) in cancer. Lead II surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded from 24 pulmonary metastases (PM) subjects and 30 healthy controls for nonlinear HRV analysis. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied for the prediction analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test was conducted using statistical R, 64-bit, v.3.3.2, at [Formula: see text]. The obtained results suggested lower HRV that increases with cancer severity from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)1 PS to ECOG4 PS. ANOVA results stated that approximate entropy (ApEn) ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and correlation dimension (CD) ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) were significant. The 13 nonlinear features were fed to ANN and SVM to obtain 82.25% and 100% accuracies, respectively. Nonlinear HRV analysis has given promising results in the prediction of diagnosis of PS in PM patients. These inputs would be very useful for clinicians to diagnose PS in their cancer patients and improve their quality of living.
MHD Natural Convection Slip Flow through Vertical Porous Plates with Time-Periodic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Adesanya Samuel Olumide , Rundora L. , Lebelo R.S. , Moloi K.C.
Published: October 2018

In this work, the convective flow of heat generating hydromagnetic fluid through a leaky channel is investigated. Due to channel porosity, the asymmetrical slip conditions are imposed on both walls. The coupled dimensionless partial differential equations are reduced to a system of second-order boundary-value problems based on some flow assumptions and solved by Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Variations in velocity and temperature profiles are presented and discussed in detail. The result of the analysis revealed that increasing Hartmann number decreases the flow velocity while the slip parameters enhance the flow.
Numerical Investigation of Two-Phase Mixed Convection Flow of Particulate Oldroyd-B Fluid with Non-Linear Thermal Radiation and Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna , Mahanthesh Basavarajappa , Krupalakshmi Koneri L.
Published: October 2018

The present investigation addresses the mixed convection two-phase flow of dusty Oldroyd-B fluid towards a vertical stretching surface in the presence of convective boundary condition and nonlinear thermal radiation. The fluid and dust particles motion is coupled only in the course of drag and heat transfer between them. The Stokes linear drag theory is employed to model the drag force. The numerical solutions based on the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45 scheme with shooting method are presented for both fluid and particle phase velocity and temperature fields. Further, numerical results are obtained for skin friction factor and local Nusselt number of prescribed values of pertinent parameters. The results are presented graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are analyzed. The obtained results are validated with existing results and found to be in good agreement. It is found that the mass concentration of the dust particle parameter plays a key role in controlling flow and thermal behaviour of non-Newtonian fluids.
Numerical Study of Micropolar Fluid Flow Past an Impervious Sphere
Authors: Jayalakshmamma D.V. , Dinesh P.A. , Chandrashekhar D.V.
Published: October 2018

The numerical study of axi-symmetric, steady flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid past an impervious sphere is presented by assuming uniform flow far away from the sphere. The continuity, linear and angular momentum equations are considered for incompressible micropolar fluid in accordance with Eringen. The governing equations of the physical problem are transformed to ordinary differential equation with variable co-efficient by using similarity transformation method. The obtained differential equation is then solved numerically by assuming the shooting technique. The effect of coupling and coupling stress parameter on the properties of the fluid flow is studied and demonstrated by graphs.
Cross-Diffusion Effects on MHD Cattaneo-Christov Flow of Casson Fluid Past a Convective Linear/Non-Linear Stretching Sheet
Authors: Ramadevi Bujula , Reddy Janke Venkata Ramana , Sugunamma Vangala
Published: October 2018

Through this article, we presented a comparative study for the MHD non- Newtonian fluid flow past a stretching sheet using Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. The flow equations and the related convective boundary conditions have been altered as dimensionless ODEs by suitable similarity transformations. Further, these are resolved by employing fourth order Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique. The influence of all flow regulating parameters on velocity, thermal and mass diffusive boundary layers are perceived through graphs. Also the variation in skin friction, mass and heat transfer coefficients for the same parameters are perceived via numerical values. The velocity of the flow past a linear stretching sheet is higher than that of the flow past a non-linear stretching sheet. But heat transfer performance in the flow via non-linear surface is better than that of flow via linear surface.
Parents of children with disabilities: A systematic review of parenting interventions and self-efficacy
Authors: Hohlfeld Ameer S.J. , Harty Michal , Engel Mark E.
Published: October 2018

Background: An increasing body of empirical evidence suggests that early intervention has positive outcomes for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Parental self-efficacy has been used as an outcome measure in some empirical studies; however, there is a lack of evidence of the impact of parent training programmes on parenting self-efficacy beliefs.Objectives: This systematic review sought to assess the effectiveness of parenting interventions to increase parental self-efficacy levels in parents of young children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.Method: We conducted a broad literature search, which included grey literature, such as dissertations and unpublished conference presentations, to identify all relevant prospective studies reporting on our study objective. Articles were selected for inclusion using predefined criteria and data were extracted onto a purposely designed data extraction form. Twenty-five articles met our search criteria. We extracted parenting self-efficacy scores before, and on, completion of parenting interventions and performed a meta-analysis using standardised mean difference. We also conducted a risk of bias assessment for all the included studies.Results: Parent training programmes resulted in a statistically significant increase in parental self-efficacy levels (standardised mean difference, 0.60 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.38–0.83]; I2, 74%) relative to baseline measurements. Parents of children younger than 5 years demonstrated the highest increase in levels of parental self-efficacy after parenting interventions. Furthermore, this review showed that psychologists and other healthcare practitioners are successfully able to implement training programmes that enhance parenting self-efficacy.Conclusion: Parent training programmes are effective in increasing parental self-efficacy in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Dreyer P.S. , Booysen D.J. , Van Zyl F.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Dosimetric evaluation of electron total skin irradiation using gafchromic film and thermoluminescent dosimetry
Authors: Falahati Leila , Nedaie Hassan Ali , Esfahani Mahbod , Banaee Nooshin
Published: October 2018

Aim of Study:

The aim of this study is to evaluate some dosimetry parameters such as uniformity, surface dose, and max depth dose with thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) and EBT3 film in total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT).

Methods:

Stationary and rotary methods were set on Varian linear accelerator, Clinac 2100C. To create a radiation field large enough (168 cm × 60 cm) and uniform, the source skin distance was set 400 cm. Electron beam energy was 6 MeV. The skin dose values were obtained in 21 different points on the phantom surface.

Results:

The results of dose uniformity in stationary technique were obtained as 10% and 2.6% by TLDs and 6% and 2.3% by films in longitudinal axis and transverse axis, respectively. The measurements at rotational technique by TLDs at the referred conditions showed a homogeneous total field with intensity variation of 10% in the longitudinal axis and 4% at horizontal axis.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of this study, stationary techniques are preferred for TSEBT. The main advantage of rotational techniques is reducing the time of treatment. The results also demonstrate that TLD should be routinely used in TSEBT treatment. Due to the high sensitivity of radiochromic films, this type of film was suitable for a wide therapeutic field. Comprehensive treatment to Rando phantom showed that the uniformity is better at the trunk than in the mobile parts of the body; the soles of the feet, perineum region, and scalp vertex should be treated in boost.
Measurement of fast neutron contamination caused by the presence of wedge and block using CR-39 detector
Authors: Khajetash Benyamin , Bahreyni Toossi Mohammad Taghi , Ghorbani Mahdi , Jahangiri Mehdi , Akbari Fateme
Published: October 2018

Objective:

Undesired neutron contamination imposed to patients during treatment is among the main factors increasing the risk of secondary cancer in radiotherapy. This additional undesirable dose is due to neutron contamination production in high-energy accelerators. In this study, neutron contamination is investigated in the presence of wedge and block in 15 MV photon fields of Siemens Primus linear accelerator.

Materials and Methods:

Neutron production by 30°, 45°, and 60° wedges and cerrobend block was investigated. Measurements were conducted in a 10 cm × 10 cm field at the source to –surface distance of 100 cm at 0.5, 2, 3, and 4 cm depths of a 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm Perspex phantom using the CR-39 passive film detectors. Chemical etching was performed using sodium hydroxide solution with 6.25 M concentration as the etchant at 85°C for 3 h.

Results:

The neutron dosimetry results reveal that the presence of wedge and block increases the neutron contamination. However, the 45° wedge is most effective in producing neutron contamination. The results also show that the fast neutron contamination is lower in the steeper depths.

Conclusion:

The presence of a wedge in a therapeutic high-energy photon field is a source of neutron contamination and may be of concern regarding clinical aspects. The results of this study show that superficial tissues such as skin will incur higher fast neutron contamination than the deep tissues.
Water equivalent radiological properties of Gafchromic external beam therapy and external beam therapy 2 film dosimeters
Authors: Srinivasan K. , Jabaseelan Samuel E. James
Published: October 2018

Background:

Water equivalent property of any clinical dosimeter is important. Water has the approximately similar radiation absorption and scattering properties to soft tissue. Film dosimeter plays a significant role in radiotherapy quality assurance and treatment plan verification.

Aims:

In this study, we are evaluating the water equivalent radiological properties of Gafchromic electronic benefit transfer (EBT) and EBT2 film dosimeters.

Materials and Methods:

Radiological properties such as number of electrons per gram (n e), electron density (p e), and effective atomic number (Z eff) are calculated using Mayneord formula. Mixture rule is used to calculate the mass absorption coefficient (μ en/p) and mass attenuation coefficient (μ/p), and data are generated using Win-XCom over 10 KeV to 20 MeV. Electron stopping power data are generated with the help of ESTAR database over 10 KeV to 30 MeV. Those results are compared with water and deviations are found.

Results:

Our results suggest that Z eff, n e, and p e of EBT is showing deviations <8.83%, 4.39%, and 16.18% and for EBT2 is 4.26%, 2.82%, and 19.41% with respect to water. Deviation in μ en/p and μ/p of EBT and EBT2 film is ≤5% and ≤6%, respectively, with respect to water >100 KeV. Electron stopping power properties are also close in agreements with water having deviations ≤5%.

Conclusion:

Presence of high atomic number element chlorine, potassium, and bromine may disturb the water equivalent properties in the lower energy range <100 KeV and similarly enhance the dose sensitivity because of the strong photoelectric absorption process.
The Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional, Case–Control Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir, North India
Authors: Dar Shabir Ahmad , Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Shah Naveed Nazir , Imtiyaz Syed Bushra
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Psychiatric morbidity has an increased prevalence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients overall psychosocial status plays an important role in the development of depression which, when major, is said to occur in 19%–42% of cases of COPD. We aimed to study patterns of psychosocial issues in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over a period of 6 months in an Outpatient Department of Government Chest Disease Hospital Srinagar. A total of 100 COPD patients and 100 sex- and age-matched controls were included in this study and compared. The diagnosis of COPD was assessed by spirometry. Patterns of psychiatric morbidities were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results: The frequency of psychiatric comorbidities was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in COPD patients (47%) as compared to controls (12%). The highest frequency of psychiatric morbidities in COPD patients was major depressive episode in 28% in comparison to 9% of controls. Other morbidities include panic disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidality. Conclusion: The frequency of psychiatric morbidities is increased in COPD patients as compared to controls. We recommend that all patients with COPD should be screened for psychiatric morbidity as there is enough scope for psychiatric services to be made available to these patients.