bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise dos efeitos adversos do uso off-label do metilfenidato por estudantes para aperfeiçoamento cognitivo: uma revisão da integrativa
Authors: Lima da Silva Andressa , Teixeira Kuhn Fábio , De Oliveira Machado Liss Andria
Published: September 2022

O cloridrato de metilfenidato, também conhecido como Ritalina®, é um fármaco estimulante do sistema nervoso central (SNC) que provoca a aceleração do funcionamento mental e cognitivo. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a utilização do metilfenidato sem prescrição médica com o intuito de aumento da cognição e também as possíveis causas e efeitos no organismo de estudantes através de pesquisas, especificamente, pretende-se verificar estudos acerca dos efeitos a longo prazo do metilfenidato. O presente estudo foi baseado em pesquisas bibliográficas de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2020, em bases de dados como SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Foram encontrados quatorze artigos onde são abordados os efeitos adversos relacionados ao uso indiscriminado do cloridrato de metilfenidato por acadêmicos, uso off-label, adição relacionada ao abuso deste fármaco e o mecanismo de ação dos medicamentos psicoativos. Os resultados evidenciaram que  nos últimos anos o consumo off-label de psicoestimulantes por estudantes com o intuito de incrementar a função cognitiva vem aumentando, esse tipo de consumo não é aprovado, pois além da eficácia ser contestada, o uso indiscriminado pode ocasionar graves efeitos adversos ao indivíduo. Com isso, ressalta-se que o uso de quaisquer medicamentos, principalmente, psicoestimulantes, devem ser utilizados apenas com acompanhamento médico. Portanto, torna-se necessária a criação de políticas públicas que visem mitigar essa problemática no Brasil.
Sequelas pós-infecção aguda por SARS-CoV-2: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Pontes de Oliveira César Thiago , Mituiassu Alexandre Mitsuo , Tavares Marilei de Melo , Ambrósio Rodrigo Dias , Mello Felipe Valle de , Sobrinho Alberto Guimarães Medrado
Published: September 2022

As complicações associadas à fase aguda da COVID-19 já estão bem descritas, no entanto, complicações tardias de médio e longo prazo, recentemente definidas como Síndrome pós COVID aguda ou Covid Longa estão levando um número crescente de pacientes já recuperados da infecção a procurar por assistência médica para tratar sintomas físicos e mentais persistentes. Considera-se fundamental que, à medida que o número de pacientes recuperados aumenta, se tenha uma melhor compreensão das sequelas deixadas pela doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar quais as sequelas mais prevalentes associadas à infecção por COVID-19 após a hospitalização. O método de pesquisa foi uma revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos científicos publicados nos anos de 2020 e 2021, disponíveis nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e na coleção Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e na base de descritores da U.S. National Library of Medicine - PubMed, utilizando os descritores “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “Sequelas”, e suas correspondentes em inglês. A estratégia de busca recuperou um total de 1028 artigos, após o processo de inclusão e exclusão, 19 estudos foram considerados relevantes para a realização desta revisão. As sequelas COVID-19 pós-aguda são manifestações sintomas clínicos de origem multifatorial apresentadas por pacientes recuperados, independente da gravidade da doença na fase aguda, podendo persistir semanas ou meses após a infecção aguda, bem como se tornar crônicas. As manifestações mais comuns incluem fadiga, dispneia, ansiedade, depressão, distúrbios cognitivos e do sono, perda de apetite, náuseas e diarreia. Conclui-se que os cuidados com pacientes com COVID-19 sintomática não devem terminar com a recuperação do quadro agudo da doença e/ou alta hospitalar, o acompanhamento ambulatorial periódico é fundamental na identificação de possíveis sequelas.
The Resilience of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Antibiotics and the
Designing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Overcome Microbial Resistance
Authors: Juárez-López Daniel , Morales-Ruiz Estefanía , Herrera-Zúñiga Leonardo D. , González-Carrera Zuriel , Cuevas-Reyes Elizabeth , Corzo Gerardo , Schcolnik-Cabrera Alejandro , Villegas Elba
Published: September 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a bacterium of medical concern, known for its potential to persist in diverse environments due to its metabolic capacity. Its survival ability is linked to its relatively large genome of 5.5-7 Mbp, from which several genes are employed in overcoming conventional antibiotic treatments and promoting resistance. The worldwide prevalence of antibiotic-resistant clones of P. aeruginosa necessitates novel approaches to researching their multiple resistance mechanisms, such as the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this review, we briefly discuss the epidemiology of the resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and then describe their resistance mechanisms. Next, we explain the biology of AMPs, enlist the present database platforms that describe AMPs, and discuss their usefulness and limitations in treating P. aeruginosa strains. Finally, we present 13 AMPs with theoretical action against P. aeruginosa, all of which we evaluated in silico in this work. Our results suggest that the AMPs we evaluated have a carpet-like mode of action with a membranolytic function in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with clear potential of synthesis for in vitro evaluation.
Opioid-Free Anaesthesia Improves Anaesthesia Recovery when
Compared with that of Opioid-Based Anaesthesia. Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Malo-Manso Alfredo , Fontaneda-Heredia Ana , Romero-Molina Salvador , Sepúlveda-Haro Enrique , Escalona-Belmonte Juan José , Guerrero-Orriach José Luis
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Opioid free anesthesia (OFA) is a relatively new technique that
has been questioned due to the lack of evidence regarding its benefit-risk balance.

Methods:

Four international databases were searched for clinical trials comparing OFA
with opioid based anesthesia. The primary outcome was pain control and the secondary
included postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), gastrointestinal recovery, respiratory
depression, urinary retention, length of hospital stay, surgical complications, number
of patients with cessation of the intervention and other side effects.

Results:

Pain was better controlled in the OFA group in all the measurements made
(VAS 1h: Md= -0.81, CI95%= -0.48- -1.14, VAS 24h: Md= -1.25,CI95%=-2.41- -0.1,
VAS >24h: Md= -1.36, CI95%= -1.73- -1). In the opioid group there was an increase in
the risk of nausea (RR=2.69, CI95%=2-3.61) and vomiting (RR= 3.99,
CI95%=2.06-7.74), whilst in the OFA group, there was an increased risk of bradycardia
(RR=1.62, CI95%=1.02-2.57). The rest of the variables showed no differences between
groups or could not be analyzed.

Conclusion:

There is a clear benefit of OFA in pain control and PONV, but there is also
a higher risk of bradycardia. This technique should be considered in patients with a special
risk of difficult postoperative pain control or PONV. However, the best drug combination
to perform OFA is still unknown, as well as the type of patient that benefits more
with less risk.
A Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol During
Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Wu Xiao-Yu , Zhai Jing , Huan Xiang- Kun , Xu Wen-Wen , Tian Jun , Farhood Bagher
Published: September 2022

Background:

The chemotherapy modality is generally used for treating colorectal cancer.
However, the clinical application of chemotherapeutic drugs may be limited due to their adverse
effects on normal cells/tissues and the development of cancer resistance. Using the combined
treatment of chemotherapy drugs and natural bioactive compounds (such as resveratrol) can
alleviate adverse drug reactions and induce synergies between the drugs.

Objective:

In the current review, the potential therapeutic impacts of resveratrol during colorectal
cancer chemotherapy were studied.

Methods:

Based on the PRISMA guideline, we performed a systematic search in different electronic
databases up to May, 2021. Following the search, 321 papers were found and then screened
for eligibility. Twenty-seven papers were finally included in the present study

Results:

Compared to the control group, the growth inhibition of cancerous cells treated with
chemotherapeutic drugs was considerably higher, and resveratrol co-administration synergistically
increased chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, a reduction in the tumor weight, volume
and growth of mice was observed following chemotherapy administration compared to the untreated
groups, and these reductions were predominant in animals treated with resveratrol plus chemotherapy.
Other findings showed that chemotherapy alone and in combination with resveratrol modulated
the cell cycle profile of cancerous cells. Furthermore, chemotherapy treatment induced a set of biochemical
and histopathological alterations in cancer cells/tissues, and these changes were synergized
following resveratrol co-treatment (in most of the cases), excluding inflammatory mediators.

Conclusions:

In most cases, resveratrol co-administration could sensitize cancerous cells to chemotherapy
drugs through its oxidant, apoptosis, anti-inflammatory activities, etc. Nevertheless, suggesting the
use of resveratrol during chemotherapy of colorectal cancer patients requires further clinical studies.
Anticancer Properties of Kaempferol on Cellular Signaling Pathways
Authors: Sengupta Bidisha , Biswas Pragnya , Roy Debarshi , Lovett Justin , Simington Laken , Fry Darrell R. , Travis Kaelin
Published: September 2022

Polyhydroxy compounds are secondary metabolites that are ubiquitous in plants of high-er genera. They possess therapeutic properties against a wide spectrum of diseases, including can-cers, neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, as well as cardiovascular disease. The phyto-chemical flavonol (a type of flavonoid) kaempferol (KMP) (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4Hchromen-4-one) is abundant in cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, kale, spinach, and wa-tercress, as well as in herbs like dill, chives, and tarragon. KMP is predominantly hydrophobic in nature due to its diphenylpropane structure (a characteristic feature of flavonoids). Recent findings have indicated the promise of applying KMP in disease prevention due to its potential antioxidant, antimutagenic, antifungal, and antiviral activities. In the literature, there is evidence that KMP ex-erts its anticancer effects by modulating critical elements in cellular signal transduction pathways linked to apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis in cancer cells without affecting the viability of normal cells. It has been shown that KMP triggers cancer cell death by several mecha-nisms, including cell cycle arrest, caspase activation, metabolic alteration, and impacting human te-lomerase reverse-transcriptase gene expression. This review is aimed at providing critical insights into the influence of KMP on the intracellular cascades that regulate metabolism and signaling in breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer cells.
Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent
Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Shirbhate Ekta , Patel Vijay K. , Tiwari Priya , Kore Rakesh , Veerasamy Ravichandran , Mishra Achal , Rajak Harish
Published: September 2022

Background:

The management of Alzheimer’s disease is challenging due to its complexity. However, the currently approved and marketed treatments for this neurodegenerative disorder revolves around cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate regulators or the combination of these agents. Despite the prompt assurance of many new drugs, several agents were unsuccessful, especially in phase II or III trials, not meeting efficacy endpoints.

Objective:

The execution of effective treatment approaches through further trials investigating a rational combination of agents is necessitude for Alzheimer’s disease.

Method:

For this review, more than 248 relevant scientific papers were considered from a variety of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, and Pubmed) using the keywords Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid-β, combination therapies, cholinesterase inhibitors, dementia, glutamate regulators, AD hypothesis.

Result and Discussion:

The researcher's intent for either developing a disease-modifying therapeutic means for aiming in the early phases of dementia and/or optimizing the available symptomatic treatments principally committed to the more advanced stages of Alzheimer’s. Since Alzheimer possesses multifactorial pathogenesis, designing a multimodal therapeutic intervention for targeting different pathological processes of dementia may appear to be the most practical method to alter the course of disease progression.

Conclusion:

The combination approach may even allow for providing individual agents in lower doses, with reducible cost and side effects. Numerous studies on combination therapy predicted better clinical efficacy than monotherapy. The below literature review highlights the major clinical studies (both symptomatic and disease-modifying) conducted in the past decade on combination therapy to combat the cognitive disorder.
A Review on Computational Analysis of Big Data in Breast Cancer for Predicting Potential Biomarkers
Authors: Shaikh Nilofer , Bapat Sanket , Karthikeyan Muthukumarasamy , Vyas Renu
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is the most predominantly occurring cancer in the world. Several genes and
proteins have been recently studied to predict biomarkers that enable early disease identification and
monitor its recurrence. In the era of high-throughput technology, studies show several applications
of big data for identifying potential biomarkers. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview
of big data analysis in breast cancer towards the prediction of biomarkers with emphasis on
computational methods like text mining, network analysis, next-generation sequencing technology
(NGS), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and precision medicine. Integrating data from
various computational approaches enables the stratification of cancer patients and the identification
of molecular signatures in cancer and their subtypes. The computational methods and statistical
analysis help expedite cancer prognosis and develop precision cancer medicine (PCM). As a part of
case study in the present work, we constructed a large gene-drug interaction network to predict new
biomarkers genes. The gene-drug network helped us to identify eight genes that could serve as novel
potential biomarkers.
Validation of a Method to Measure the T2 Value from the Color Mapping
by Hue Value
Authors: Hananouchi Takehito , Nakayama Makishi
Published: September 2022

Background:

Color mapping using quantitative MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is now being reported in various medical fields to be useful in showing tissue conditions and morphological perspectives. Specifically, T2 mapping as one of the color mapping has been used to describe cartilage conditions in orthopedics. However, for orthopedic physicians in out-patient clinics, the color mapping shows only the colors on the mapping to patients without explaining their numerical values.

Methods:

To address this issue, our study proposed an approach to measure T2 values based on the hue value converted from Red, Green, Blue information on the processed color map. We evaluated the validity of our method with 25 subjects.

Results:

Our proposed method showed a good and high correlation coefficient (r = 0.9924, p < 0.0001), and the difference of the T2 values between using a dedicated software on console of MRI scanner and our method was small (its absolute value was approximately 1.5, p = 0.008).

Conclusion:

Therefore, we consider the proposed method is an alternative approach to show the T2 value when the color mapping are available.
Tailoring Physicochemical Properties of Iloperidone by Cocrystallization:
Design and Characterization of Novel Cocrystals of Iloperidone and 4-
amino Benzoic Acid
Authors: Rani Earle Radha , Radha Gadela Venkata
Published: September 2022

Background:

The current study explores the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug Iloperidone (IPD) by synthesizing co-crystals (CC) using 4- amino benzoic acid (ABA) as a coformer.

Methods:

Pharmaceutical CCs of IPD with ABA were designed and synthesized using crystal engi-neering. CCs were prepared by solvent evaporation (SE) technique and studied for their enhance-ment in solubility and dissolution rate. CC formation was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H- NMR).

Results:

Structural characterization studies exhibited new characteristic peaks, which confirmed that CCs could be generated from IPD and ABA using SE technique. The apparent aqueous solu-bility studies of the CCs exhibited 7.1 folds increase in solubility compared to the pure drug. Im-provement in the rate of dissolution of CCs was evident from the in vitro dissolution studies, where CCs displayed 94.15 ± 0.27% drug release in 60min while pure drug showed only 39.90 ± 1.86% release in the same time period.

Conclusion:

CCs of IPD and ABA provide a novel approach to overcoming the solubility issues.
Carbapenem Antibiotics: Recent Update on Synthesis and Pharmacological
Activities
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Banik Bimal Krishna , Kumar Manish , Verma Navneet
Published: September 2022

Right from the breakthrough of carbapenems since 1976, many schemes on synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and biological activities have been carried out, and several carbapenems have been developed, including parentally active carbapenems like imipenem, doripenem, biapenem, meropenem, ertapenem, panipenem, razupenem, tomopenem, cilastatin, whereas orally active carbapenems like GV-118819, GV-104326, CS-834, L-084, DZ-2640, CL 191, 121, L-646, 591, S-4661, ER-35768, MK-826. Prodrugs of carbapenem with increased bioavailability include temopenem, tebipenem, sanfetrinem, LK-157, and CP 5484. Merck, Glaxo Welcome Research Group, Johnson & Johnson, Sankyo Group and Dai-ichi Group, and Wyeth-Ayerst Group were among the businesses that produced carbapenems. The Witting reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, Dieckmann reaction, palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis, E. coli-based cloned synthesis, and biosynthetic enzymes such as carbapenem synthetase (carA), carboxymethylproline synthase (carB), carbapenem synthase (carC). Carbapenems are biologically in infections like urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, tuberculosis, intra-abdominal infections, and pathogens like anaerobes, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Study on anticorrosion properties of reduced graphene oxide reinforced waterborne epoxy coating
Authors: Guan Jiyuan , Ye Yin , Li Duosheng , Ye Zhiguo , Jiang Wugui , Qin Qing H.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The traditional epoxy zinc-rich coating releases some harmful substances such as VOC during the service process, which pollutes the environment and causes great harm to people. Waterborne epoxy coating is an environmentally friendly, non-polluting potential coating.

Objective:

In this paper, a new reduced graphene oxide (RGO) reinforced waterborne epoxy coating is developed.

Methods:

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is obtained by modifying graphene oxide (GO). The addition of RGO to waterborne epoxy coatings is designed to improve the corrosion resistance of the coatings. The anticorrosion properties of the coating are investigated by electrochemical methods.

Results:

After the coating was immersed in 3.5wt% NaCl solution for 15 days, the corrosion current of the coating without RGO is greater than that of the coating containing RGO. Coatings with RGO have higher impedance modulus than coatings without RGO. Coating with 0.3% RGO has better corrosion resistance. After the coating was immersed in the salt solution for 55 days, the impedance modulus of the coating with 0.3% RGO increased by 349.11% compared to the coating without RGO. The coating with 0.3% RGO has the minimum corrosion current density, and the maximum polarization resistance and corrosion voltage.

Conclusion:

The waterborne epoxy coating with 0.3% RGO has the best anticorrosion.
Lipophilic PAMAM Dendrimer: Conceptualization of Targeted Cosmetics
and Drug Delivery
Authors: Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Singh Aditya , Mahmood Tarique , Ahsan Farogh , Wasim Rufaida
Published: September 2022

The structure, properties, synthesis, negligible toxicity, and surface modification of PAMAM (polyamidoamine dendrimers) are all discussed in this review. The properties of supramolecular PAMAM dendrimers in nanopolymer science have shown great progress in delivering medicines. A divergent strategy was used to construct a Generation four (G4.0) PAMAM dendrimer with an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid core and repeating units of acrylic acid and ethylenediamine. PAMAM dendrimers, have an aminodoamine repeat branching architecture that starts with an ethylene diamine initiator core. A generation [G] is a set of branching steps that follow each other. Drug molecules can be transferred either as covalently bonded to the functional groups on the dendrimer surface or by forming non-covalent complexes with dendrimers. Full generation PAMAM dendrimers are terminated with amine surface [G0, G1, G2, G3, G4], whereas half-generation dendrimers are terminated with carboxylate [G1.5, G2.5, etc]. PAMAM dendrimers appear to have negligible toxicity and immunogenicity, as well as favorable biodistribution-: according to the current study they can improve drug solubility, prevent drug degradation, increase circulation time, and potentially target drugs. According to the characterization study, they exhibit strong lipophilic qualities, allowing them to easily pass the blood-brain barrier. Due to cheaper polydispersity index of dendrimers, they possess greater stability and the void spaces of dendrimers are accessible for drug loading. The existence of a duplet functional group on the dendrimers enables appending vectors, ligands and devices for targed the drug delivery in the body.
Triggers for Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Community-
Based Study
Authors: Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Medhat Mohammed A. , Nour Mohamed O. , Yousef Ahmed , El-Raey Fathiya , Aly Heba , Mousa Sherief , Makhlouf Nahed A , El Badry Mohamed , Baki Amin Abdel , Saeed Maysaa A. , Hassan Esssam A. , Shaltout Shaker Wagih , Fathelbab Hanaa Kh. , Zaky Samy
Published: September 2022

Background:

COVID- 19 vaccines have been released, giving a major hope of getting
rid of the dark pandemic crisis. The availability of vaccines does not necessarily mean
that the mass vaccination program is a success. We aimed to investigate COVID-19 vaccination
knowledge level, acceptance rate, and perception state among Egyptians.

Methods:

An analytical cross-sectional online survey was carried out utilizing a selfadministered
adult questionnaire that assesses vaccination acceptance with related sociodemographic
factors and perceptions based on health belief model perspectives. Predictors of
vaccination acceptance were based on logistic regression analysis.

Results:

We analyzed data for 957 participants, aged 18–78 years, 55.7% were females, and
66.9% were healthcare workers (HCWs). About one-fourth had a history of confirmed
COVID-19 infection and 56.5% would accept to have one of the COVID-19 vaccines, where
“Pfizer” was the preferable one (37.8%), while “AstraZeneca” was the most rejected vaccine
(26.8%). The 1st vaccine dose was received by 273 (28.5%) of which 260 were intended to
receive the 2nd dose. Vaccine efficacy, side effects, protection time, and administration route
were essentially among the factors that may influence their decision to accept COVID-19
vaccines. About 83.1% had good knowledge about vaccination which was significantly higher
with increased age, among graduates/professionals, governmental workers, HCWs in addition
to those able to save/invest money, had a history of confirmed COVID-19 infection and intending
to have COVID-19 vaccine. Perceptions that vaccination decreases the chance of getting
COVID-19 or its complications (OR = 9.28; CI: 5.03-17.12), vaccination makes less worry
about catching COVID-19 (OR = 6.76; CI: 3.88-11.76), and being afraid of getting COVID-19
(OR = 2.04; CI: 1.26–3.31) were strong significant predictors for vaccine acceptance.

Conclusions:

Vaccine campaigns should emphasize vaccine benefits and highlight the severity
of infection while addressing barriers to vaccination in order to improve vaccine coverage
among populations.
Flavonoid Based Bioactive for Therapeutic Application in Neurological Disorders
Authors: S. Flora S.J. , Shukla Rahul , Handa Mayank
Published: September 2022

Flavonoids belong to a class of natural, polyphenolic dietary compounds
which modify the neuropathological state of the brain. Some flavonoids like quercetin
and other, reduce the inflammation, carcinogenicity, and oxidation promotes
neuroprotection and comprises the major component of cosmetics, medicinal and
dietary supplements. Daily intake of flavonoids helps to mitigate the risk of several
neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis,
etc. Flavonoids exhibit their pharmacological effect through various mechanisms like
cholinesterase inhibition, scavenging free radicals, memory enhancement via
attenuation of amyloid plaques, tau targeting detoxification and neural
antiinflammation. Administration of flavonoids to biological system has to pass
through several biological checkpoints like first pass metabolism, intestinal absorption,
and entry into blood brain barrier. Flavonoids exhibit difference in pharmacokinetic
and pharmacodyanmic profile due to difference in their structures. Recent literature
reports have proved promising therapeutic potential in neurological disorders. This
chapter highlights the recent development of flavonoids prevailing in the field of
neurodegenerative, its limitations and drug delivery approaches to encounter the
challenges.
Natural Bio-actives Acting Against Clinically Important Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: C. Bhagwat Amrita , M. Patil Amrita , D. Saroj Sunil
Published: September 2022

Biofilm research is growing rapidly due to the widespread existence of
biofilms in pathogens and their resistance to a variety of antimicrobial therapies. World
Health Organization in 2017 categorised pathogens into three categories based on their
AMR [Antimicrobial resistance] and severity of infection viz. critical, high and
medium. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and organisms belonging
to Enterobacteriaceae family are top priority pathogens- ‘critical’, amongst which the
majority of them are reported to cause the infection due to biofilm formation. As
antibiotic resistance has increased tremendously in the last few years, the current
research is concentrated on the development of effective approaches to inhibit biofilm
formation by bacteria. Anti-biofilm activity is mediated by a spectrum of molecules
obtained from plants, mammals, fungi, microbes, and marine sponges. The chapter
gives a comprehensive idea about natural bioactives from plant and other sources that
act as anti-biofilm agents. Clinical validation of these bioactives will aid the medical
field with alternate preventive and treatment methods against pathogenic biofilms.
Plant Based Bioactive Molecules in Diabetes with Their Therapeutic Mechanism
Authors: Kumar Dixit Amit , Alam Qadir , Dixit Deepti , G. Nair Parvathy , Prasad P.V.V.
Published: September 2022

Plant based bioactive compounds are the secondary metabolites that are
produced by them to perform their non-essential functions. They provide an ample
source of nutraceuticals and therapeutics for humans. The research on these compounds
is on trend these days and most of the research suggests their importance as therapeutic
agents and as prophylactic agents against many diseases. Easy accessibility, and better
efficacy with lesser adverse effects of bioactive compounds have made their research
trending. Diabetes is the oldest known metabolic disease which requires a multimodal
treatment approach for its management. The available drugs and treatment options are
still unable to control the complications and economic burden faced by the patients.
Many plants have been used traditionally for the management of diabetes worldwide.
Now it has been well established that the plants provide a rich reservoir of bioactive
compounds which have the potential to modulate various pathways involved in the
regulation of blood glucose. This chapter discusses the common groups of plant
derived bioactive compounds, their sources, and their mechanistic antidiabetic role.
Therapeutically Important Bioactive Compounds Derived from Fungal Origin
Authors: Jain Neha , Kumar Sharma Mukesh , Kaushik Pallavi
Published: September 2022

The rising of chronic ailments impinged on humans worldwide has paved
the urgent need for newer therapeutic vital compounds that are biologically active and
have the capacity to endeavour without exerting any adverse or cytotoxic effects. This
necessitates extensive research to investigate unexplored natural sources for such
promising sources. A diverse array of fungi species has garnered considerable attention
over the past century due to the assortment of their opportunities to generate novel
active ingredients with multifunction mechanisms towards recuperative applications.
Some of the fungal bioactive compounds possess exclusive therapeutic potential and
pharmaceutical importance. These efficacious bioactive compounds including
Paclitaxel, Podophyllotoxin, Enniatins, Camptothecin, Ascophytatin with their
properties like anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous,
immunomodulatory are discussed in this chapter.
Desain Kalkulator Analisis Usaha Tani Berbasis Android
Authors:   Universitas Padjajaran, Nugraha Adittia Hary , Thoriq Ahmad ,   Universitas Padjajaran, Safira Mutia ,   Universitas Padjajaran
Published: September 2022

Analisis usaha tani merupakan suatu hal yang penting dalam perencanaan usaha tani untuk mengetahui harga pokok produksi, titik impas dan keuntungan usaha. Umumnya analisis usaha tani dilakukan menggunakan Microsoft excel dan hanya sebagian petani yang memahami perhitungan penentuan harga pokok produksi, titik impas dan keuntungan usaha tani. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan desain dan pembuatan Kalkulator Analisis Usaha Tani berbasis android. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode prototype. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan aplikasi Kalkulator Analisis Usaha Tani dapat berjalan dengan baik dan dapat digunakan untuk melakukan perhitungan analisis usaha tani.
Parasitic contamination of some fresh and collected vegetables from Mosul City markets
Authors: Al-Niaeemi Bushra H. , Ahmed Najwa M. , Kharofa Wahda A.
Published: September 2022

The current study specifies the rate of spreading the parasites in fresh vegetables sold in shops located on the left and right sides of the city of Mosul. 600 samples were collected, 300 for each side left and right, with 15 samples of each Lettuce, Celery, Pepper, Tomatoes, Onions and Carrots. Results showed significant differences in the rates of contaminating variables with intestinal parasites at probability level (p<0.05) on both sides, where it was noticed that the percentage of contamination on the right side (39%) was higher than the one on the left side(26%). The results also showed that fresh vegetables are contaminated with three types of intestinal parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia Lamblia, Entamoeba coli, and four types of intestinal worms as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura, Hymenolypis nana, Enterobius Vermiculoris. The highest contamination percentage with intestinal protozoa was found with Entamoeba histolytica parasite (67%) on the left side. On the right side, the percentage of contamination was Entamoeba histolytica (50%) in each of the tomato plants and coriander., and the highest percentage of contamination with intestinal worms was by Ascaris lumbricoides worm on the left side (40%) and in the right side (29%). Also shown from the results, the percentage of single contamination in the fresh vegetables was higher than the double and triple contamination. The single contamination was found with a percentage of (82-95%) on both sides, respectively and also noticed in the current study, the leafy vegetables (lettuce and celery) and Tomato, which are the most vegetables contaminated with parasites in both sides in comparison with the rest types of vegetables.

Keywords Contamination; intestinal parasites, vegetables; left and right sides
Use of neural networks for triage of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zablah Jose Isaac , Garcia Loureiro Antonio , Diaz Salvador , Molina Yolly , Cardona Ana , Urmeneta Jorge , Flores Ethel , Reyes Garcia Selvin , A. Agudelo Carlos , Tulio Medina Marco
Published: September 2022

Emergency services worldwide have been exceeded in their capacities due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a generalized situation in countries with robust health systems and aggravated in lagging countries. As a result, focused computer solutions have been developed for self-diagnosis, triage, and follow-up of suspected and confirmed patients of SARS-CoV-2. But as it is a new disease, the symptoms evolve in a short time and the diagnostic protocols must be updated. The applications that integrate algorithms in their code to help sanitary processes need to be modified, recompiled, and published integrating these changes. This article presents a solution through the implementation of a neural network that only requires updating an external file without the need to modify whole applications.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Neural Network; Triage; Telemedicine; Cloud; Public Health
Estudio de casos: COVID-19 en personas privadas de libertad en Honduras
Authors: Ramírez Gilberto A. , Irías Gricelda M. , Pleitez Sandra A. , Mejía Mario R. , Lara José Á.
Published: September 2022

Las personas privadas de libertad conviven en espacios propicios para la diseminación de enfermedades infecciosas, por lo cual, en el contexto actual de la pandemia de COVID-19, se exige fortalecer la vigilancia de la salud en las instituciones penitenciarias. Metodología: El presente estudio describe los hallazgos clínicos en once (11) pacientes privados de libertad con afección respiratoria aguda y nexo epidemiológico de COVID-19. Se les realizó: una valoración médica, una prueba rápida para detectar anticuerpos para SARS-CoV-2, dos hemogramas y se les proveyó el grupo de medicamentos normado. Resultados: se encontró que al menos el 27% (3/11) tienen antecedente de alguna enfermedad crónica no transmisible. El síntoma más frecuente fue la fiebre, manifestándose en el 91% de los pacientes (10/11), seguido por tos persistente en 64% de ellos (7/11) y anosmia en el 55% (6/11). Comparando el hemograma inicial con el hemograma de seguimiento, se encontró una media de nueve mil noventa (9,090) leucocitos y de nueve mil novecientos (9,900) para el primer y segundo hemograma, respectivamente. Conclusión: Los cambios observados en los pacientes del Centro Penitenciario El Porvenir no son concluyentes y los resultados de la prueba estadística son producto de la poca cantidad de casos estudiados.

Palabras clave: COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, Personas Privadas de Libertad
Effects of online health information-seeking behavior on sexually transmitted disease in China: An infodemiology study based on the Baidu index (Preprint)
Authors: Li Xuan , Tang Kun
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a serious issue worldwide. With the popularity of the internet, online health information-seeking behavior (OHISB) has been widely adopted to improve health and prevent disease.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of different types of OHISBs on STIs, including syphilis, gonorrhea, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to human immune deficiency virus (HIV) based on the Baidu index.

METHODS

Multisource big data were collected, including case numbers of STIs, search queries based on the Baidu index, and provincial socioeconomic and medical data from 2011-2018 in mainland China. We categorized OHISBs into four types: concept, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Before and after controlling for socioeconomic and medical conditions, we applied multiple linear regression to analyze associations between the Baidu search index (BSI) and Baidu search rate (BSR) and STI case numbers. In addition, we compared the effects of different types of OHISBs and performed time-lag cross-correlation analyses to investigate the long-term effect of OHISB.

RESULTS

The distributions of both STI case numbers and OHISBs presented variability. For each type of OHISB for each disease, the BSI was positively related to the case number, while the BSR was significantly negatively related to the case number (p<0·05). Searches for prevention tended to have a larger impact, while searches for treatment tended to have a smaller impact, and such impacts were increased with increasing lag years.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study validated the various associations between OHISBs and STI case numbers. It may provide insights into how to utilize internet big data to better achieve disease surveillance and prevention goals.
Nurses’ perceptions of climate change: A scoping review protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Diallo Thierno , Bérubé Anouk , Roberge Martin , Audate Pierre-Paul , Larente-Marcotte Stéphanie , Jobin Édith , Moubarak Nisrine , Guillaumie Laurence , Dupéré Sophie , Guichard Anne , Goupil-Sormany Isabelle
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Climate change is a major health issue and nurses need to be involved in combating it at both the individual and collective levels. A few recent studies have embarked on the process of examining the perceptions of these health professionals relative to climate change, but there is still very little known about this subject and no study has conducted an exploratory review of the literature on nurses' perceptions of this phenomenon.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this protocol is to develop a research strategy for an exploratory review of the literature focused on identifying nurses' perceptions of climate change.

METHODS

Firstly, with the help of a specialized librarian, we defined keywords and their combinations using an iterative process, to develop a documentary search strategy. This strategy was tested in four bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science. The next step will be for two members of our research team to carry out a two-stage selection process using the online systematic review software Covidence. They will carry out this selection process independently, with the aim of identifying relevant studies that meet the inclusion criteria for our exploratory review. Finally, data on year of publication, authors, geographic area, article type, study objectives, methodology, and key findings will be extracted from selected articles for analysis. A search of the grey literature will be conducted to supplement the results of the bibliographic database search.

RESULTS

The findings should make it possible to more clearly define nurses' perceptions of climate change, as well as the role they can play and what they need to be able to bring forward solutions to this phenomenon. The findings should also serve to guide the health sector's interventions aimed at preparing its professionals for the potential threats of climate change.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will open up new research perspectives on how to equip nurses to better integrate a response to climate change issues into their professional practice.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Assessment of Ornamental Plants Tolerance for Acute Exposure of Acetaminophen and Methylparaben in Constructed Wetlands- a Preliminary Study
Authors: Mutar Zahraa Hasan , Mohammed Ahmed A. , Abdulwahab Al-Baldawi Israa , Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh , Ismaild Nur ’Izzati
Published: September 2022

The study aims to select suitable ornamental plant species that can survive relatively with high concentrations of acetaminophen and methylparaben in constructed wetlands. Alternanthera spp, Asparagus aethiopicus and Chlorophytum comosum are examined to withstand three initial concentrations, 20, 100 and 200 mg/L of acetaminophen and methylparaben. A total of 21 plastic pails with each 3 L capacity consisting of nine pails are used for each pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) compounds (acetaminophen and methylparaben) for three ornamental plants (Alternanthera spp, Asparagus aethiopicus and Chlorophytum comosum), with three pails as plant controls. The results reveales that both Alternanthera spp and Chlorophytum comosum exhibite a good tolerance for acetaminophen with a reduction in the total chlorophyll content of about 4.4–12.3% and 3.9–31.9% for Alternanthera spp and Chlorophytum comosum, respectively. Moreover, it is evident that high concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L) of methylparaben adversely affects the chlorophyll content of the three involved plant species. These results indicate that ornamental plants play an important role in the phytoremediation of PPCPs and can be considered as an esthetic treatment for hospital wastewater.
Environmental injustice caused by wind farms: A systematic literature review
Authors: da Silva Romário Nunes , Alencar Anderson Fernandes de , Andrade Horasa Maria Lima da Silva , Andrade Luciano Pires de
Published: September 2022

The recent concern with energy security and environmental impacts, resulting from the expansion of current consumption, has induced the diversification of matrices and among them, the advances of wind energy are noticeable, as it is an inexhaustible source and already consolidated in the market. However, wind farms present challenges to be faced, so that their negative impacts are minimized, since their implementation together with rural territories configures an intrinsic and complex relationship between nature and society. In this sense, the present study aims to investigate whether the expansion of wind energy generating enterprises has caused environmental injustice to rural communities. For this, a Systematic Literature Review was carried out, based on the search for theoretical-empirical articles in the Scielo, Scopus, DOAJ and Web of Science databases. The studies underwent a screening, aiming to answer the following problem-question: has the expansion of wind farms caused environmental injustice in rural communities in Brazil? From the analysis of the selected experiences, it appears that in most cases, the implementation of wind farms caused environmental injustice, especially to rural communities, which often did not participate in the sharing of economic success, leaving only the impacts socio-environmental Therefore, State interventions are necessary to change the current scenario and avoid future conflicts.
Traslados nacionales e internacionales de gametos y embriones. Aspectos técnicos y legales
Authors: Guijarro Ponce Francisco
Published: September 2022

 En los últimos años, la mejora de las técnicas de criopreservación y la diferencia de legislación entre distintos países en materia de reproducción asistida, ha propiciado que se produzca un importante flujo e intercambio de pacientes y de material biológico reproductivo entre clínicas nacionales e internacionales. España es uno de los países mejor legislados en materia de obtención, manejo, almacenaje y distribución de células y tejidos con carácter reproductivo, aunque estén bajo el paraguas de las normativas marcadas por la Unión Europea, de rango superior a las nacionales. Estas leyes, junto con las recomendaciones de las distintas sociedades científicas regulan el traslado de prembriones humanos, ovocitos o semen. Se establecen así, las condiciones técnicas para estos traslados y la documentación que cada parte del proceso (pacientes, clínica de origen, clínica de destino y empresa de transporte) está obligada a aportar con el fin de garantizar la correcta viabilidad de las muestras y, muy importante, la trazabilidad de estas desde su obtención hasta el laboratorio de destino. 
La construcción de la subjetividad católica a través de la figura de la virgen-madre en el ámbito de las técnicas de reproducción asistida
Authors: Ormart Elizabeth , Curado Constanza
Published: September 2022

Presentamos la subjetividad femenina de la época actual en dos escenarios: el plano jurídico-político, sacudido por una dinámica social en torno a los debates sobre el aborto y las técnicas de reproducción asistida en Argentina, y el ámbito religioso, que plantea un discurso en el que la identidad femenina se agota en la maternidad, apoyado en el mito de la virgen madre. A nivel político, el enfrentamiento entre los pañuelos verdes y celestes en Argentina marca una polarización social que se ve expuesta en los debates presentes en los medios de comunicación entramando un debate laico en contra de lo religioso. Ahí queda reflejado el lugar destinado para las mujeres como madres. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir representaciones religiosas en torno a la mujer: virgen, madre y pecadora presentes en el imaginario colectivo en torno a lo femenino que circula mediáticamente en los debates vinculados al aborto y en los foros de usuarias de las técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA). La metodología empleada es la etnografía digital, tomando como antecedente metodológico el uso de foros virtuales en temáticas asociadas con la infertilidad. Asimismo, investigamos las representaciones en torno a lo femenino cargadas de connotaciones religiosas como: culpa, sacrificio, esperanza. 
Personas mayores y pandemia. Análisis de contenido sobre titulares de prensa en Argentina
Authors: Pochintesta Paula , Baglione Florencia
Published: September 2022

Desde el comienzo de la pandemia por Covid-19, la población fue segmentada según edad y nivel de vulnerabilidad frente al virus. Así, las personas mayores fueron definidas como población de riesgo. Tanto discursos como prácticas sociales construyeron miradas sobre las personas de mayor edad reforzando algunos prejuicios y dejando de lado la diversidad propia del envejecimiento. Atendiendo a la producción y reproducción de significados, vinculados a los medios de comunicación, este trabajo analiza cómo los titulares de prensa en Argentina representan a las personas mayores durante la pandemia por Covid-19. Se analizaron titulares de prensa escrita en diarios argentinos de alcance nacional, provincial y local. Se utilizó como motor de búsqueda la sección noticias de Google a partir de las siguientes palabras claves “pandemia”, “personas mayores”, “Covid-19” y “abuelos/as” con filtros geográficos. Se realizó un análisis de contenido a un total de 206 titulares desde marzo de 2020 a enero de 2021. Observamos que el 41% de los titulares muestran una mirada favorable sobre las personas mayores incluyendo políticas de cuidados vinculadas a la pandemia, recomendaciones dentro de la esfera familiar, institucional y comunitaria y, en menor medida, la resiliencia y recuperación frente al virus. En cambio, los titulares que ofrecen una mirada desfavorable sobre este colectivo (36%) informan sobre muertes, contagios, vulnerabilidad y riesgo de la población mayor en contexto de pandemia, así como sobre situaciones de abuso y maltrato. El resto (22%) se clasificaron como valoraciones neutras en tanto se trata de la descripción de procesos. En cuanto a las denominaciones directas utilizadas para mencionar a las personas mayores se observó que la más frecuente es la palabra “abuelo/s” donde seis de cada diez veces que se la utiliza no connota relaciones familiares. Es decir, que persiste un estereotipo que confunde roles familiares y sociales. En suma, si bien ha predominado una visión favorable, los modos de representar a los mayores no están exentos de reproducir prejuicios y estereotipos que, lejos están aún de representar una vejez diversa, heterogénea y diferencial. 