bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It Is Time Measuring Instruments Report Measurement Uncertainty
Authors:   Keysight Technologies, Dobbert Michael
Published: March 2022

When reporting the result of a measurement, the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) makes it clear that a complete result includes a measured value and an associated value of uncertainty. Measuring instruments compute and then indicate a measured value, but many, if not most instruments provide no indication of the measurement uncertainty. This leaves the metrologist to compute the uncertainty necessitating two parallel computation paths. One path is through the measuring instrument, the other managed by the metrologist. It is possible to merge these two paths where the instrument computes the uncertainty. This positively impacts the metrologist's workflow. This paper takes a previously reported measurement as a use case and compares the metrologist's workflow assuming measuring instruments that report measurement uncertainty to those that do not. The comparison shows that measurement uncertainty reporting instruments significantly improve metrologist efficiency, leads to better estimates of uncertainty and, enables enhanced methods of managing and monitoring measurement processes.
Developing an integrated approach for the performance verification for Large Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) at the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL)
Authors:   The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Standards and Calibration Laboratory, Tang George C.W.
Published: March 2022

To support local industries, the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) in Hong Kong has developed a performance verification service for Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) meeting the requirements of ISO 10360-2:2009 ("the ISO standard"). In the ISO standard, a non-contact laser-based approach could be used in generating long test length. In that approach, additional steps of measurements for an artifact with normal coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) ("Requirement A") and bi-directional measurements ("Requirement B") are required. When the time and effort spent on the laser alignment are taken into consideration, using the laser-based approach with a laser interferometer for on-site CMM verification might not be justified. To address these issues, SCL has developed an integrated approach. In this approach, most of the test lengths would be measured with a step gauge. For test length exceeding the coverage of the step gauge, the step gauge would first be fitted and have the step lengths measured. Test lengths longer than the step gauge would then be measured by using laser interferometer. The benefit of such approach is three-fold. Firstly, Requirement A can be fulfilled by measuring a longer distance of the step gauge. For Requirement B, any of the 20 mm step length on the step gauge can be used in lieu of the short gauge block. Secondly, the step gauge could guide the fitting of the laser optics thereby greatly minimize the alignment time and efforts, in particular for retro-reflector on some measuring heads that do not support automatic angle setting. Lastly, with the measurements for Requirements A and Requirement B, and the unidirectional measurement using laser interferometer all lie on the same axis, they can be cross-checked to minimize any setting and cosine errors. The approach could promote the use of the ISO standard by not just complying with its requirements but also providing a more effective, comparable and rigorous way in carrying out the performance verification for CMM.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Petani Melalui Penerapan Sistem Jajar Legowo pada Budidaya Jagung (Zea Mays) di Kecamatan Maja Kabupaten Majalengka
Authors: Sukirman Chintiani , Rudi Hartono  , Nazaruddin
Published: March 2022

Corn is a commodity located in Majalengka Regency is needed for many industries. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency, the Productivity of maize the average is in the District of Majalengka at 7,95 tons/ha, while the average productivity of maize in the District of Maja Majalengka range of 7.4 tons/ha. It can be argued that the productivity of corn in the District of Maja is still below the average of t h e Majalengka Regency. This study aims to describe the level of capacity of the farmers, knowing the influence of capacity building of farmers, to analyze the differences in growth between the use of the system jajar legowo the cultivation of corn and maize cultivation conventional and describe a strategy to increase the capacity of the farmers. The study involved 62 samples from 162 the population is scattered in Villages Anggrawati, Cipicung, and Wanahayu. The instrument in this research consists of the independent variable. As well as the dependent variable. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression, and one[1]way ANOVA. The level of farmer capacity in the implementation of the jajar legowo system in Maja District is in the medium category, namely 79%. The strategy for increasing the capacity of farmers is based on the results of descriptive analysis, namely counseling on corn cultivation using the jajar legowo system and bookkeeping in farming activities.
PENGEMBANGAN GAME KAHOOT SEBAGAI MEDIA EVALUASI HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: MASYRUFIN ARIEF
Published: March 2022

The increasingly rapid development of technology can be used as an innovation that can support optimization in the evaluation of effective learning, because technology offers various kinds of convenience in it. Utilization and use of technology in the learning process is able to maximize student learning activities. One form of utilizing technological advances in education is the Kahoot learning application. The development model used by the researcher is the 4D model, formed from 4 main stages such as: define, design, development, and disseminate. The results of the validation by material experts obtained a percentage of 80% "valid". Media experts get a percentage of 84% “valid”. Evaluation experts get a percentage of 80% "valid". Furthermore, the test results obtained an average score of 42 students pretest and posttest 88 there was an increase in the value of 46. Finally, the assessment of student responses to the use of the Kahoot game obtained a percentage of 92% "very good". So it can be concluded that the game application Kahoot! developed by researchers is relevant and interesting to serve as a medium for evaluating student learning outcomes.

ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat dapat dijadikan suatu inovasi yang dapat mendukung optimalisasi dalam evaluasi pembelajaran yang efektif, karena teknologi menawarkan berbagai macam kemudahan didalammnya. Pemanfaatan dan penggunaan teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran mampu memaksimalkan kegiatan belajar siswa. Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan kemajuan tekonologi dalam dunia pendidikan yaitu aplikasi pembelajaran Kahoot. Model pengembangan yang digunakan peneliti yaitu model 4D, terbentuk dari 4 tahapan utama seperti : define, design, development, dan disseminate. Hasil validasi oleh ahli materi memperoleh persentase 80% “valid”. Ahli media mendapatkan persentase 84% “valid”. Ahli evaluasi mendapatkan persentase 80% “valid”. Selanjutnya hasil uji coba didapatkan rata-rata nilai pretest siswa 42 dan posttest 88 terdapat peningkatan nilai sebesar 46. Terakhir penilain respon siswa terhadap penggunaan game Kahoot memperoleh persentase 92% “sangat baik”. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan aplikasi game Kahoot! yang dikembangkan peneliti relevan dan menarik untuk dijadikan sebagai media evaluasi hasil belajar siswa.
Quantifying the effects of mixing state on aerosol optical properties
Authors: Yao Yu , Curtis Jeffrey , Ching Joseph , Zheng Zhonghua , Riemer Nicole
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Calculations of the aerosol direct effect on climate rely on simulated aerosol fields. The model representation of aerosol mixing state potentially introduces large uncertainties into these calculations, since the simulated aerosol optical properties are sensitive to mixing state. In this study, we systematically quantified the impact of aerosol mixing state on aerosol optical properties using an ensemble of 1800 aerosol populations from particle-resolved simulations as a basis for Mie calculations for optical properties. Assuming the aerosol to be internally mixed within prescribed size bins caused overestimations of aerosol absorptivity and underestimations of aerosol scattering. Together, these led to errors in the populations' single scattering albedo of up to -22.3 % with a median of -0.9 %. The mixing state metric χ proved useful in relating errors in the volume absorption coefficient, the volume scattering coefficient and the single scattering albedo to the degree of internally mixing of the aerosol, with larger errors being associated with more external mixtures. At the same time, a range of errors existed for any given value of χ. We attributed this range to the extent to which the internal mixture assumption distorted the particles' black carbon content and the refractive index of the particle coatings. Both can vary for populations with the same value of χ. These results are further evidence of the important yet complicated role of mixing state in calculating aerosol optical properties.
Factors affecting precipitation formation and precipitation susceptibility of marine stratocumulus with variable above- and below-cloud aerosol concentrations over the Southeast Atlantic
Authors: Gupta Siddhant , McFarquhar Greg M. , O'Brien Joseph R. , Poellot Michael R. , Delene David J. , Miller Rose M. , Small Griswold Jennifer D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions (ACIs) provide the
greatest source of uncertainties in predicting changes in Earth's energy
budget due to poor representation of marine stratocumulus and the associated
ACIs in climate models. Using in situ data from 329 cloud profiles across 24
research flights from the NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and
their intEractionS (ORACLES) field campaign in September 2016, August 2017,
and October 2018, it is shown that contact between above-cloud
biomass burning aerosols and marine stratocumulus over the Southeast Atlantic
Ocean was associated with precipitation suppression and a decrease in the
precipitation susceptibility (So) to aerosols. The 173 “contact”
profiles with aerosol concentration (Na) greater than 500 cm−3
within 100 m above cloud tops had a 50 % lower precipitation rate
(Rp) and a 20 % lower So, on average, compared to 156 “separated”
profiles with Na less than 500 cm−3 up to at least 100 m above
cloud tops. Contact and separated profiles had statistically significant differences in
droplet concentration (Nc) and effective radius (Re) (95 %
confidence intervals from a two-sample t test are reported). Contact
profiles had 84 to 90 cm−3 higher Nc and 1.4 to
1.6 µm lower Re
compared to separated profiles. In clean boundary layers (below-cloud
Na less than 350 cm−3), contact profiles had 25 to 31 cm−3
higher Nc and 0.2 to 0.5 µm lower Re. In polluted boundary
layers (below-cloud Na exceeding 350 cm−3), contact profiles had 98
to 108 cm−3 higher Nc and 1.6 to 1.8 µm lower Re. On the
other hand, contact and separated profiles had statistically insignificant
differences between the average liquid water path, cloud thickness, and
meteorological parameters like surface temperature, lower tropospheric
stability, and estimated inversion strength. These results suggest the
changes in cloud microphysical properties were driven by ACIs rather than
meteorological effects, and adjustments to existing relationships between
Rp and Nc in model parameterizations should be considered to account
for the role of ACIs.
Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance
Authors: Loubet Benjamin , Buysse Pauline , Gonzaga-Gomez Lais , Lafouge Florence , Ciuraru Raluca , Decuq Céline , Kammer Julien , Bsaibes Sandy , Boissard Christophe , Durand Brigitte , Gueudet Jean-Christophe , Fanucci Olivier , Zurfluh Olivier , Abis Letizia , Zannoni Nora , Truong François , Baisnée Dominique , Sarda-Estève Roland , Staudt Michael , Gros Valérie
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air
pollution through the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone and extend
the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere. Tropospheric VOCs originate to
90 % from biogenic sources on a global scale, mainly from forests. Crops
are also a potentially large yet poorly characterized source of VOCs (30 %
of the VOC emissions in Europe, mostly oxygenated). In this study, we
investigated VOC fluxes over a winter wheat field by eddy covariance using a
PTR-Qi-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and mass resolution. The study took
place near Paris over a 5-week period and included flowering, crop maturity
and senescence. We found a total of 123 VOCs with fluxes 3 times above
the detection limit. Methanol was the most emitted compound with an average
flux of 63 µg m−2 h−1, representing about 52 % of summed
VOC emissions on a molar basis (36 % on a mass basis). We also identified
ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide among the six most
emitted compounds. The third most emitted VOC corresponded to the ion m/z 93.033. It was tentatively identified as furan (C6H4O), a compound
not previously reported to be strongly emitted by crops. The average summed
VOC emissions were about 173 ± 6 µg m2 h−1,
while the average VOC depositions were about 109 ± 2 µg m−2 h−1 and hence 63 % of the VOC emissions on a mass basis. The
net ecosystem flux of VOCs was an emission of 64 ± 6 µg m−2 h−1 (0.5 ± 0.05 nmol m−2 s−1). The most
deposited VOCs were identified as hydroxyacetone, acetic acid and fragments
of oxidized VOCs. Overall, our results reveal that wheat fields represent a
non-negligible source and sink of VOCs to be considered in regional VOC
budgets and underline the usefulness and limitations of eddy covariance
measurements with a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS.
Integrated Methane Inversion (IMI 1.0): A user-friendly, cloud-based facility for inferring high-resolution methane emissions from TROPOMI satellite observations
Authors: Varon Daniel J. , Jacob Daniel J. , Sulprizio Melissa , Estrada Lucas , Downs William B. , Shen Lu , Hancock Sarah E. , Nesser Hannah , Qu Zhen , Penn Elise , Chen Zichong , Lu Xiao , Lorente Alba , Tewari Ashutosh , Randles Cynthia A.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We present a user-friendly, cloud-based facility for quantifying methane emissions with 0.25° × 0.3125° (≈ 25 × 25 km2) resolution by inversion of satellite observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The facility is built on an Integrated Methane Inversion optimal estimation workflow (IMI 1.0) and supported for use on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. It exploits the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and TROPOMI data already resident on AWS, thus avoiding cumbersome big-data download. Users select a region and period of interest, and the IMI returns an analytical solution for the Bayesian optimal estimate of emissions on the 0.25° × 0.3125° grid including error statistics, information content, and visualization code for inspection of results. An out-of-the-box inversion with rectilinear grid and default prior emission estimates can be conducted with no significant learning curve. Users can also configure their inversions to infer emissions for irregular regions of interest, swap in their own prior emission inventories, and modify inversion parameters. Inversion ensembles can be generated at minimal additional cost once the Jacobian matrix for the analytical inversion has been constructed. A preview feature allows users to determine the TROPOMI information content for their region and time period of interest before actually performing the inversion. The IMI is heavily documented and is intended to be accessible by researchers and stakeholders with no expertise in inverse modelling or high-performance computing. We demonstrate the IMI’s capabilities by applying it to estimate methane emissions from the US oil-producing Permian Basin in May 2018.
Challenges and benefits of quantifying irrigation through the assimilation of Sentinel-1 backscatter observations into Noah-MP
Authors: Modanesi Sara , Massari Christian , Bechtold Michel , Lievens Hans , Tarpanelli Angelica , Brocca Luca , Zappa Luca , De Lannoy Gabriëlle J. M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In recent years, the amount of water used for agricultural purposes has been rising due to an increase in food demand. However, anthropogenic water usage, such as for irrigation, is still not or poorly parameterized in regional and larger-scale land surface models (LSM). By contrast, satellite observations are directly affected by, and hence potentially able to detect, irrigation as they sense the entire integrated soil-vegetation system. By integrating satellite observations and fine-scale modelling it could thus be possible to improve estimation of irrigation amounts at the desired spatial-temporal scale. In this study we tested the potential information offered by Sentinel-1 backscatter observations to improve irrigation estimates, in the framework of a data assimilation (DA) system composed by the Noah-MP LSM, equipped with a sprinkler irrigation scheme, and a backscatter operator represented by a Water Cloud Model (WCM), as part of the NASA Land Information System (LIS). The calibrated WCM was used as an observation operator in the DA system to map model surface soil moisture and leaf area index (LAI) into backscatter predictions and, conversely, map observation-minus-forecast backscatter residuals back to updates in soil moisture and LAI through an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The benefits of Sentinel-1 backscatter observation in two different polarizations (VV and VH) were tested in two separate DA experiments, performed over two irrigated sites, the first one located in the Po Valley (Italy) and the second one located in northern Germany. The results confirm that VV backscatter has a stronger link with soil moisture than VH backscatter, whereas VH backscatter observations introduce larger updates in the vegetation state variables. The backscatter DA introduced both improvements and degradations in soil moisture, evapotranspiration and irrigation estimates. The spatial and temporal scale had large impacts on the analysis, with more contradicting results obtained for the evaluation at the fine agriculture scale (i.e., field scale). Above all, this study sheds light on the limitations resulting from a poorly-parameterized sprinkler irrigation scheme which prevents improvements in the irrigation simulation due to DA, and points to future developments needed to improve the system.
Stratospheric wave driving events as an alternative to sudden stratospheric sudden warmings
Authors: Reichler Thomas , Jucker Martin
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Natural variations in the strength of the northern stratospheric polar vortex, so-called polar vortex events, help to improve sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) predictions of winter climate. Past research on polar vortex events has been largely focused on stratospheric sudden warming events (SSWs), a class of relatively strong weakenings of the polar vortex. SSWs are defined when the polar vortex reverses its normal westerly wind direction. In this study, however, we use an alternative definition, based on the weighted time-integrated upward wave activity flux at the lower stratosphere prior to the onset of the events. We use a long control simulation with a stratosphere-resolving model and the ERA5 reanalysis to compare various aspects of the wave activity definition with traditional SSWs over the Arctic. About half of the wave events are identical to SSWs, while the other half create on average more robust surface signals than the SSWs that do not concur with the wave events. There exist several other advantages over traditional SSWs: the wave activity flux definition creates more robust surface signals, captures with one simple criterium a variety of different event types, lengthens the prediction horizon of the surface response, and can be more meaningfully applied over the southern hemisphere. We therefore conclude that that the wave driving represents a useful early indicator for stratospheric polar vortex events, which exploits the stratospheric potential for creating predictable surface signals better than SSWs.
Expert System for Diagnosing Cocoa Diseases Using the Dempster Shafer Method
Authors: Franz Annafi , Nurlaila Nurlaila , Andayani Putri Yus
Published: March 2022

Indonesia occupies the third position of the largest cocoa producing country in the world, but the challenge faced is that the disease that attacks the cocoa plant causes only 60% of the cocoa production is export-worthy. The Dempster Shafer method can be used to diagnose types of diseases in cocoa plants. The system can be used by cocoa farmers in Indonesia to minimize the attack of cocoa plant diseases, so that yields can be abundant. This research was conducted at P4S Karya insani, Linking. As a research location for 6 months, from September 2018 to March 2019, it includes taking data, analysis, develop the applications, implementation, and testing. Expert system diagnosis of cocoa plant diseases using the dempster shafer method makes it easy for users to know the symptoms and diseases of the cocoa plant so that it can be used in diagnosing cocoa plant diseases.
An Intense Warm-Up Does Not Potentiate Performance Before or After a Single Bout of Foam Rolling
Authors: Konrad Andreas , Bernsteiner Daniel , Reiner Marina Maren , Nakamura Masatoshi , Tilp Markus
Published: March 2022

Foam rolling (FR) is a common intervention used as a warm-up to increase the range of motion (ROM) of a joint, without changes in subsequent performance. It has been shown that, in similar techniques (e.g., stretching), an additional intense warm-up can lead to performance potentiation. However, to date, it is not clear if this also holds true for FR, and if this effect is similar in both sexes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an intense warm-up either before or after FR with the effects of FR without any additional intense warm-up, in both females and males. In total, 27 volunteers (14 male, 13 female) visited the laboratory on three separate days. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of the three interventions. ROM was assessed with a Sit n’ Reach box, and countermovement jump (CMJ) height with a force plate, both before and after the interventions. In addition, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak torque and maximum voluntary dynamic contraction (MVDC) peak torque were assessed with a dynamometer. ROM increased to the same extent following the interventions in all groups, with a large magnitude of change (P < 0.001; d = 1.12 to 1.83). In addition, male participants showed significantly higher increases in ROM when the intense warm-up was performed after FR (P < 0.001; d = 1.44), but not without the intense warm-up (P = 0.45; d = 0.57) or when the intense warm-up was performed before FR (P = 0.24; d = 0.69). No significant changes in CMJ height, MVIC peak torque, or MVDC peak torque were observed (P > 0.05). We therefore conclude that the time-efficient athlete might skip further intense warm-up, besides FR, when the goal is to increase ROM and to sustain performance parameters.
Influence of Different Levels of Biochar in Some Soil Physical Properties and Growth Parameters of Oat (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: AL-Moosa Mustafa F.
Published: March 2022

A pots experiment was performed in the greenhouse of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah in clay loam soil, to study the effect of the different levels of biochar on some soil physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, moisture content, mean weight diameter and saturated hydraulic conductivity) and some indicators of oat crop growth (height and dry weight of the plant). The experiment included the use of six different levels of biochar: B0 (control), B1 (1%), B2 (1.5%), B3 (2%), B4 (2.5%) and B5 (3%) were added based on the dry weight of the soil. The pots were planted with oat seeds on 1 October 2018, and after 50 days of cultivation, the studied characteristics were measured. The experiment was designed by using a complete randomized design (CRD). The results showed the improvement of the soil physical properties and plant growth with the addition of biochar, as the level exceeded 1.5% (B2) in most of the physical properties of the soil and the studied growth characteristics as it gave the lowest bulk density of soil and the highest values for the total porosity, mean weight diameter, plant height, and dry weight of plant. They were reached 1.033 Mg m-3 and 60.71 %, 1.091 mm, 60.87 cm and 2.693 g pot-1, respectively. Whereas, the 3% (B5) level of biochar recorded the highest soil moisture content and saturated hydraulic conductivity and the lowest plant height, they were reached 32.18% and 3.953 cm hour-1 and 46.90 cm, respectively. While, the control treatment (B0) gave the highest bulk density of soil and lowest values for the other studied traits compared to all levels of added biochar.
Increased serum ferritin levels in women with preeclampsia
Authors:   Suez Canal University, ElShahat Amal M , Ibrahim Zakia M , Kishk Eman A , Basuony Rabab A , Taha Omima T
Published: March 2022

To study the correlation between serum ferritin level and the severity of preeclampsia. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the emergency ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Suez Canal University Hospitals. We recruited sixty patients with preeclampsia and 60 normal pregnant women before parturition. All women were subjected to complete history and routine obstetric ultrasonography evaluation. Serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, total iron-binding capacity, and unsaturated iron-binding capacity were assessed for all participants. Results: The mean serum ferritin was significantly higher in mild and severe preeclampsia groups vs. the control group (33.27 ± 6.9 and 69.47 ± 20.1 ng/ml versus 16.9 ± 20.9ng ng/ml, respectively, p-value < 0.001). Regarding, the mean serum iron level in the mild, severe preeclampsia and control groups, it was 201.87 ± 58.13, 219.4 ± 53.1 µg/dl and 173.9 ± 56.58 µg/dl respectively (p-value < 0.05). There was a highly significant correlation between ferritin and each of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r= 0.8, p<0.001 and r=0.7, p<0.001 respectively).
Beta-2-Microglobulin Level Increases with Advanced CKD Stages: The Implications and Significance
Authors: Al Salmi Issa
Published: March 2022

Beta2-microglobulin (β-2M) production is constant among healthy population, making it appropriate proxy for the estimated Glomerular-Filtration-Rate (eGFR).
Tibio-Talar Dislocation: A Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Saccomanni Bernardino ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Viale Regina Margherita, Altamura, Asl Bari, Italy.
Published: March 2022

Tibiotalar dislocation without concomitant fracture in the surrounding bones is a rare injury. Fahey and Murphy classified this lesion into 5 subtypes based on direction: posterior, anterior, lateral or superior combined. Only 4 cases have been reported in literature. Here, I document a brief review of literature. In this review, there are not figures and outcomes.
Spontaneous Reduction of Intussusception in Infants: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria., Kevin Emeka Chukwubuike
Published: March 2022

Background: Intussusception is not an uncommon abdominal surgical emergency in children. However, spontaneous reduction of intussusception is possible, though uncommon. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the characteristics of infants who had spontaneous reduction of intussusception at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The study covered a 5-year period. Diagnosis of intussusception was made and confirmed based on clinical features and imaging (ultrasound) findings respectively. Results: A total of 383 cases of intussusception in infants were confirmed during the study period. Out of this number, 12 infants had spontaneous reduction. These gave a spontaneous reduction rate of 3.1% and form the basis of this report. The mean age of the patients was 6 months and there was male predominance. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom and the patients had abdominal ultrasound scan. Majority of the patients had normal serum electrolyte values. Two-thirds of the spontaneous reduction occurred preoperatively while one-third of the reductions were noticed intra-op. No definitive operative procedure was performed because the intussusception had resolved spontaneously. www.wjclinicalsurgery.com 1 Conclusion: Spontaneous reduction of intussusception is an uncommon event that may occur without stimulation. This study has shown that about 3 in 100 cases of intussusception in infants may reduce spontaneously. However, it must be emphasized that all efforts should be geared towards nonoperative or operative treatment of intussusception, as spontaneous reduction is not an option of treatment.
Patient Characteristics Profile and Pap Smear Examination Results at Pasar Minggu Hospital for the 2017-2018 Period
Authors: A. Simarmata Vidi Posdo , Sihombing Jumaini Andriana
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the patient characteristics and patterns of abnormalities found from Pap Smear examinations at Pasar Minggu Hospital that are useful to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. This study was a descriptive analysis of content. The number of samples in this study was 62 people by taking data from medical records—the sampling technique using Purposive Sampling. The results showed a diagnosis of PAP Grade II (Inflammation) in 59 people (91.9%), and a diagnosis of PAP Grade V (Malignancy) is one person (1.6%).

Key words: Pap Smear, PAP Grade, Characteristics, Cervical Cancer.
Analysis of Effects of the Disclosure of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) on Financial Performance
(An Empirical Study on the Sharia Banks in Indonesian in 2012-2020)
Authors: Nasution M. Afif Herliandi , Maksum Azhar , Yahya Idhar
Published: March 2022

The objective of the research is to determine the effects of the disclosure of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) on financial performance. The amount of ICG and ICSR disclosure can measure from the disclosure score compiled based on the standards of the IFSB, AAOIFI, and relevant previous studies. Profitability ratios measure financial performance in the form of ROA.
The population in the research is the Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS) in the period 2012-2020. The research uses pooling data as the sampling method to obtain 109 observational data, which was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2 and SPSS 23 software. The result shows that the level of disclosure of financial statements from Islamic Commercial Bank shows a good level of disclosure of ICG and ICSR, 74% and 68%, respectively. The result of empirical testing proves that the disclosure of ICG and ICSR has a direct effect positively and significantly on financial performance.

Keywords: disclosure, ICG, ICSR, financial performance.
The Impact of E-Commerce on Consumer Purchasing Behavior: The Mediating Role of Financial Technology
Authors: Alshweesh Rukana , Bandi Dr. Srinivas
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to determine the impact of e-commerce on the consumer's purchasing behavior with the presence of financial technology as an intermediate variable in large-scale food and consumer goods stores in Jordan, to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher relied on the descriptive and internal approach, an analytical approach, and the study sample consisted of all workers in large consumers and food stores in Jordan is within the high administrative levels, in addition to workers in IT departments, by (408) individuals, to whom the researcher distributed the study tool. Electronically, I used SPSS and AMOS to analyze the data and test hypotheses.
The study found a set of results, the most important of which is the high level of relative importance of e-commerce, consumer behavior and financial technology in large-scale consumers and foodstuff stores in Jordan, and the existence of a statistically significant e-commerce impact on consumer behavior, in addition to the fact that through mediation in fintech The effect of e-commerce on consumer behavior increased, and the mediation was partial.
The study recommended the necessity of continuing the large consumer and foodstuff stores in Jordan to enhance the dimensions of e-commerce by understanding these stores of their importance in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness and achieve the goals, by spreading awareness of e-commerce, as well as continuing to pay attention to and adopt financial technology because of its direct positive impact on consumer buying behavior.

Keywords: E-Commerce, Consumer Buying Behavior, Financial Technology.
Determination of Nutritional Status of Northwest Anatolia (North Aegean) Olive Growing Areas
Authors: PEKCAN Tülin , ÇOLAK ESETLİLİ Bihter , TURAN Hatice Sevim , AYDOĞDU Erol
Published: March 2022

The study was carried out to determine the productivity of olive plantations in 8 different districts of The North Aegean Region. For this purpose, soil and leaf samples were taken simultaneously from 26 different olive groves. 69.23% of the investigated surface soils (0-30 cm) are sandy loam, and 57.69% of the subsurface soils (30-60 cm) are sandy loam. It was determined that more than 50% of the soils were slightly alkaline and the lime contents were low at both depths. It is seen that the organic matter contents of 11% of the surface soils and 8% of the subsurface soils are low. Nitrogen contents at both depths are in the low class 38.46%. The available phosphorus contents of 23.08% of the surface soils and 11.54% of the subsurface soils are sufficient. Available potassium and calcium contents in all surface soils are sufficient. It was determined that the potassium content in 34.61% of the subsurface soils and the calcium content in 53.84% of the subsurface soils were sufficient and very high. It was determined that the available Mg content in 61.54% of the surface soil and 57.69% of the subsurface soil, was sufficient and very high. Sodium contents were determined adequately at both depths. When the leaf macro and secondary elements were examined according to the sufficiency limit values 46.15% of N, 26.92% of Ca 3.8% of Mg, and all the P and K contents, were found to be sufficient. of the microelements, 42.31% of B, 76.92% of Fe, 46.15% of Mn and 38.46% of Zn are sufficient. Considering the results of the study, it is recommended to make fertilizer recommendation based on the results of soil and leaf analysis in parallel with the regular cultural practices in order to obtain quality and high yield in North Aegean sustainable olive cultivation.
The Effect of Applying Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIR ) Technique on Students’ Achievement in Writing Recount Text
Authors: Sara Frimaulia  , Edi Suprayetno
Published: March 2022

This study aims to discover the effect of applying Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Technique on Student’s Achievement in writing Recount Text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. This population was the 80 students of SMP Negeri 1 Stabat as Sample. The samples of the research were two classes divided into two groups, experimental and control group which were chosen by using random sampling technique. The Grade VIII-B as Experimental Group was taught by using Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition and grade VIII-A as control group was taught by using conventional teaching writing. The instrument used to collect the data was by asking the students to write a Recount text. Based on the result of the data analysis, it was concluded that using Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition significantly affect the student’s ability in writing recount text (t-calculated > t-table, p=0.05). The using CIRC made the students write recount text grammatically that without using CIRC. The calculation of t-test is 2.38 > 1.67 with df 78 and the level of significance 0.05. It means that the using CIRC has significant effect on writing recount text.
Keywords: Experimental Research, Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC) Technique, Writing Achievement, Recount Text.
Correlation between Emotional Intelligence and English Achievement of the 2015/2016 Fifth Semester English Literature Students of UIN Alauddin Makassar of UIN
Authors: Darwis Aswinda
Published: March 2022

This research is intended to find out whether or not there is a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and English achievement of the fifth semester students of English literature department of UIN Alauddin Makassar and to explore how the high, moderate, and low achiever students learn and engage in English. In conducting the research, the researcher used mixed method in which both quantitative and qualitative approach were applied. Emotional intelligence questionnaire by Goleman was administered to 33 students and their scores were correlated to their English achievement (GPA) by using Pearson correlation coefficient. Observation and interview were carried out to get more detailed information about how the high, moderate, and low achiever students learn and engage in English. The result revealed that there was significant correlation between emotional intelligence and English achievement of both the high and moderate achiever of the fifth semester students of English literature department of UIN Alauddin Makassar. While for the low achievers there was not significant correlation. In addition, the high, moderate, and low achiever students were different in learning and engaging in English.
Key Words : Correlational Research, Emotional Intelligence, English Achievement
Analysis of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Using BRImo
Authors: Sofyan Mohammad , Natision Alian , Minh Tung Tran , Santoso Teguh
Published: March 2022

This research aims to analyze the customer satisfaction of BRImo app users. Descriptive qualitative research design describes systematically and accurately the facts and characteristics of customer satisfaction and loyalty of BRImo app users. The results showed that dominant customers were also satisfied and were most likely to tell positive things about the BRImo application. Bank BRI needs to evaluate customers who feel dissatisfied and disloyal.
The importance of selected structural competitiveness indicators for exports : a comparative analysis between the euro area and Greece
Authors:   Bank of Greece, Bardaka Ioanna , Rentifi Athina
Published: March 2022

Structural (non-price) competitiveness departs from price or cost competitiveness and captures a multitude of dimensions, both quantitative and qualitative, affecting the trade and openness of a country. Greece over time has lagged behind in key structural competitiveness indicators relative to other euro area countries, but has improved its position in some of the indicators in the recent years, in terms of relative prices and unit labour costs. The paper examines the evolution of selected price and structural competitiveness indicators approximated with institutional quality indicators (published by international organisations), recording the performance of Greece and euro area countries over the last decade, on an annual basis, in order to gain more insight into how exports are affected. A panel regression of an export demand function is estimated for the 19 euro area member countries, separately for each of the selected indicators. It is confirmed that structural competitiveness, along with price competitiveness, has played an important role in determining exports in the euro area and in Greece over the 2007-19 period. Greater sensitivity of Greek exports to institutional quality indicators is found, compared with average euro area exports. This is an indication of the faster pace of reform implementation in other euro area countries, while the reforms in Greece are in a process of catching up. The implementation of structural reforms in the direction of improving institutional deficiencies has contributed, among other factors, to the observed post-crisis export-led growth in Greece. In conclusion, the pace of reforms already under way should be accelerated and this will be mirrored in the structural competitiveness indicators of the country and expressed as better scores and higher rankings converging towards the performance of the other euro area countries.
Performance Management and Employee Engagement in Public Institutions: A Developing Country Perspective
Authors: Otchere-Ankrah Benjamin
Published: March 2022

The need to have the right talents and be engaged in driving the organization’s vision is riper than ever. Given the importance of having engaged employees, this study examines how employee engagement affects performance and what drives employee engagement in public sector organisations. To answer these questions, a quantitative research approach was adopted. In all, 156 employees of PLTD participated. The results show a significant relationship between employee engagement at work and employee performance at PLTD. This means that the more employees are engaged with their work, the more they perform well on the job. This implies that productivity increases when organizations motivate their employees to be highly engaged in their work. This result implies that the more engaged employees are, the better their contribution to organizational success. These results have implications for theory and practice.
Klasifikasi Keluhan Masyarakat Terhadap Layanan Publik pada Harian Radar Tarakan
Authors: Saputra Indra Tri
Published: March 2022

Website koran harian Radar Tarakan memiliki kolom dengan judul “Warga Menulis” di mana menu ini merupakan sarana bagi pembaca untuk menyampaikan keluhan ataupun aspirasi mereka.  Yang menjadi permasalahan, pesan pembaca atau opini yang ditampilkan bersifat to the point, hanya isi opini sesuai yang dikirim pembaca tanpa informasi tambahan kepada siapa opini tersebut ditujukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan klasifikasi data opini pada website koran harian Radar Tarakan khususnya opini yang berkaitan dengan fasilitas dan pelayanan publik. Klasifikasi merupakan suatu proses pengelompokkan data sesuai dengan kelas atau kategori yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hipotesis yang dapat diambil adalah hasil klasifikasi diharapkan memiliki akurasi hingga 70%. Tahap awal dari proses klasifikasi yaitu preprocessing di mana pada tahap ini hal-hal yang dilakukan antara lain case folding, tokenizing, convert word, stopword removal (filtering) dan stemming. Algoritma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Frequency Ratio Accumulation Method (FRAM). Pembuatan aplikasi menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Hasil uji coba dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata akurasi yang diperoleh pada proses klasifikasi opini menggunakan algoritma FRAM adalah 60%. Besar kecilnya prosentase akurasi tergantung dari jumlah data latih yang digunakan. Semakin banyak jumlahnya dapat meningkatkan nilai akurasi akan tetapi hal ini akan berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi kinerja sistem.
The effect of small (1-ha), 10-year rotational clear cuts on oak regeneration in Pennsylvania and Michigan
Authors: Mahan Carolyn G. , Kuren Andrew Van , Gamble Benjamin , Finley† James F.
Published: March 2022

We examined oak regeneration in small (2.5-acre [1-ha]) rotational clearcuts in central Pennsylvania and northern Michigan. In central Pennsylvania this approach was initiated to improve habitat for ruffed grouse and other early successional wildlife species, while in Michigan it was used to regenerate oak under harsh environmental site conditions associated with sandy soils and early frosts. In our study areas most of the small clearcut stands had greater oak regeneration than was found in a large 39.5-acre (16-ha) clearcuts. In particular, 10-year-old 2.5-acre (1-ha) clearcut stands located within a landscape of previous rotational cuts and remnant mature forest had adequate advanced oak regeneration compared with other age classes. We demonstrate that oak regeneration can be achieved within this type of landscape due to the availability of seed source within small clearcuts from adjacent forest and the reduction of herbivory by white-tailed deer due to an overall availability of plant resources. Therefore, if a rotational clearcut cycle is maintained over time, early successional wildlife habitat can be maintained while the objectives of forest regeneration are met. This type of forest management may be particularly applicable in areas where fire cannot be used to regenerate oak.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ESTRATÉGIAS FARMACOTERAPÊUTICAS PARA O INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO: DESAFIOS E NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS, PARTE I
Authors: Paulino Emanuel Tenório , Rodrigues Amanda Karine Ferreira Barros , Rodrigues Célio Fernando de Sousa , Ribeiro Êurica Adélia Nogueira
Published: March 2022

O sistema cardiovascular é o principal meio de transporte de substâncias para o metabolismo celular. Entretanto, para a boa eficiência é necessário o adequado equilíbrio entre os níveis de pressão arterial sistêmica e pressão de perfusão tecidual. O funcionamento inadequado deste sistema podem ser gatilhos de hipóxia/anóxia celular. O Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) é uma das complicações cardiovasculares mais comuns do aparelho cardíaco, que afetam milhares de pessoas no mundo contribuindo para desfechos clínicos: morte súbita ou insuficiência cardíaca. Assim, este trabalho visa revisar as classes farmacológicas utilizadas no manejo terapêutico do infarto na atualidade. Para isto uma revisão foi conduzida nas bases científicas sem data limite usando os descritores: “Cardiovascular drugs” and/or “Acute myocardial ischemia” and/or “New therapeutics strategies”. Os resultados mostram que a farmacoterapia usual compõe o uso da polifarmácia, reabilitando pacientes, mas ineficazes na prevenção do IAM. Por outro lado, os resultados também mostram a necessidade de novas estratégias com uma visão cardiopreventiva para atingir o sucesso terapêutico visando à redução de índices de mortalidade e morbidade em agravos cardiovasculares almejada, porém até o momento não alcançada. Em conclusão, torna-se explicito a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas estratégias frente aos desafios atuais para o manejo do infarto, desta vez com uma visão protetiva para alcançar reduções no risco de vida de indivíduos predispostos aos agravos cardiovasculares.