bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kredi Kartının Plansız Satın Alma Davranışına Etkisi: Karabük Üniversitesi Akademik Personeline Yönelik Bir Uygulama / The effect of Credit Card on Impulse Purchase: An application for the Academic staff of Karabuk University
Authors: Yurtsever Selçuk , Çakmak Ali Çağlar
Published: February 2013

Kredi kartı kullanımının giderek yaygınlaşması, satın alma eylemlerinde ödeme kolaylığı sağlayarak hayatı kolaylaştırmasının yanı sıra tüketimi ve ihtiyaç fazlası satın almayı artırarak tüketicilerin gereksiz ürünlere sahip olmalarına ve kredi kartı borçlarını ödemede zorluk çekmelerine neden olmaktadır. Bu araştırma kredi kartının kontrolsüz bir tüketici davranışı olan plansız satın alma davranışlarına etkisini incelemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında Türkiye’de sosyo-ekonomik sınıf olarak en üst sınıfın bir altı olan B sosyo-ekonomik sınıf içerisinde yer alan akademisyenlerin kredi kartı kullanımları ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Karabük Üniversitesi akademik personeline anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Anket sonucu ulaşılan verilere, Yüzde Analizi, Mertebeli Dereceleme ve Tek Faktörlü Çoklu Varyans Analizi (MANOVA) uygulanmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre araştırmaya katılan akademisyenlerin kredi kartını kontrollü ve bilinçli kullandıkları ve kredi kartı kullanımlarının plansız satın alma davranışına neden olmadığı ifade edilebilir. The effect of Credit Card on Impulse Purchase: An application for the Academic staff of Karabuk University Along with providing facility in payment, the widening use of credit cards also increases consumption and causes consumers to buy non-essential products and experience difficulties in paying their credit card debts by increasing surplus purchases. This research focuses on the effects of credit cards on impulse purchase, which is an uncontrolled consumer behavior. Within the scope of the research, the use of credit cards by academicians in the socio-economic class B which comes next after the top level socio-economic class in Turkey is assessed. In this context, a survey is carried out with the academic staff of Karabuk University. The data acquired as the result of the survey is evaluated with Percentage Analysis, Staged Grading, Multiple Regression Analysis and Single Factor Multiple Variance Analysis (MANOVA). As a consequence of the research, it can be stated that the academicians who took part in this research use their credit cards in a controlled and conscious way, and that the use of their credit cards do not cause impulse purchases.
Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Performansının Ölçümü İçin Çok Kriterli Bir Çerçeve: Henkel Örneği
Authors: Öztel Ahmet , Köse Mehmet Said , Aytekin İhsan
Published: February 2013

Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Performansının Ölçümü İçin Çok Kriterli Bir Çerçeve: Henkel Örneği<a title="" href="file:///E:/belgelerim%2018032015/ANA%20YEDEK/masa%C3%BCst%C3%BC%20dosyalar%C4%B1/dergi%20dosyalar%C4%B1/dergi%204.%20say%C4%B1/3%20%2032-44%20kurumsal%20s%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilirlik.docx#_ftn1">*

 

 

Özet

Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performans ölçümü, kurumsal sürdürülebilirliğin çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik yönlerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu üç boyutun tek bir boyuta indirgenmesinde sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri, bu değişkenlerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi için kullanışlı bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden uzlaşık programlama (compromise programing) çerçevesi kullanılarak Henkel firmasının kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performansının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Uygulamalı olan bu çalışmada veriler Henkel firmasının yıllık raporlarından temin edilmiştir. Ele alınan şirketin kurumsal yönetim performansı çevresel ve sosyal boyutlarıyla yıllara göre karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçta uzlaşık programlama yönteminin bu tür çalışmalarda kullanılması önerilmiştir.

 

 

Abstract

Measurement of corporate sustainability performance is focused on environmental, social and economic aspects of corporate sustainability. Therefore, it can be argued that it is not easy to reduce all dimensions of corporate sustainability in a unit. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods provide a useful framework for the evaluation of these variables together. Using “compromise programing (CP)”, one of the MCDM methods, this study aimed to assess the corporate sustainability performance. Data were acquired from Henkel Company’s annual reports. Environmental and social aspects of Henkel’s corporate sustainability are compared by years, and in conclusion, using CP model to evaluate corporate sustainability is proposed.

 
Sivil Toplum Örgütleri ve Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Çevre Okuryazarlığı Bilinci Oluşturmadaki Rolü / The Role of Nongovernmental Organizations and Mass Media on Creating Environmental Literacy Awareness
Authors: Uluğ Yurttaş Özge , Şişman Başak
Published: February 2013

Tüketim toplumunun yükselişi ile birlikte tüketimin sınırları giderek genişlemekte, mal, ürün ve hatta hizmetin ötesinde; ormanların, doğal yaşamın, suyun, havanın tüketimine kadar uzanmaktadır. Böylece, tüketim ve tüketime yönelik üretim yaklaşımı, doğal kaynaklara büyük ölçüde zarar vermektedir. Bilinçsiz tüketim bir taraftan hammadde kaynaklarını olumsuz etkilerken öte yandan da çevreye zarar vermektedir. Bu geri döndürülmesi çoğu zaman imkânsız veya çok güç olan zararlı süreç, ancak bilinçli tüketimin yaygınlaşması ile önlenebilir. Bu çalışma, sivil toplum örgütlerinin toplumsal bilinç oluşturma ve toplumu bilinçsiz tüketime karşı harekete geçirme noktalarında neler yapabileceklerini ele almaktadır. The Role of Nongovernmental Organizations and Mass Media on Creating Environmental Literacy Awareness With the rise of consumer society, the limits of consumption has been expanding and it goes up further than goods, products and services to forests, wildlife habitat, water and air consumption. Consumption and production damage to a large extent on natural resources. Unconscious consumption damages the source of raw materials and environment. This generally not to be reversed and damaging process, could be prevented only with conscious consumption is widespread. This study, points at how the non-governmental organizations could play an important role to create social awareness and to prompt society against unconscious consumption.
Systemic mastocytosis in the elderly
Authors: Butterfield Joseph H. , Weiler Catherine R.
Published: February 2013

“Later onset” of systemic mastocytosis (SM) has been associated with a poorer prognosis. We examined clinical and laboratory findings, associated disorders, and survival in an older mastocytosis population. After receiving Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board approval, we identified 42 patients aged 70 years and older at the time of diagnosis of SM. Associated disorders, cytogenetic abnormalities, laboratory findings, and survival were recorded. Only 10 patients had no associated hematologic disorder. Single or multiple chromosomal abnormalities, exclusive of the KIT Asp816Val mutation, were detected in eight patients (19%). KIT Asp816Val mutation was present in 14 patients, negative in three, and not tested in 25. Slight to marked bone marrow hypercellularity was observed in 33 patients (79%). Concurrent hematologic abnormalities included chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 7), acute myelocytic leukemia (n = 1), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 7), eosinophilia (n = 7), myelofibrosis (n = 1), myeloproliferative disorder (n = 1), multiple myeloma (n = 1), B‐cell lymphoma (n = 1), and thrombocytopenia (n = 4). Eight patients had a hematologic disorder that preceded the diagnosis of SM. Tryptase levels were elevated in 38 of 39 patients tested. Survival from the diagnosis of SM was poor for patients with associated thrombocytopenia, leukemias, and MDS. In conclusion, patients with SM diagnosed at age 70 or older have an increased risk of secondary hematologic disorders and abnormal laboratory findings. Cytogenetic abnormalities are common, and survival is short in many SM patients with associated leukemias, MDS, or eosinophilia. Am. J. Hematol. 88:406–408, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in the electrical properties at an early stage of mouse liver carcinogenesis
Authors: Bharati Sanjay , Rishi Praveen , Tripathi Surya Kant , Koul Ashwani
Published: February 2013

The present investigation reports the changes in the electrical properties of hepatic tissue in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz at an early stage of liver carcinogenesis using the four‐pin electrode method. The hepatocarcinogenesis model was developed by intraperitoneal injection of N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) to male Balb/c mice. Histopathological assessment revealed high‐grade dysplasia in the liver of NDEA‐treated animals. The ultrastructural investigations indicated the presence of large and clumped cells with inconspicuous cell boundaries. The treatment resulted in significant changes in the dielectric properties of the tissues. A decrease in tissue conductivity along with an increase in relative permittivity was observed. The biophysical changes correlated well with histoarchitectural and morphological changes. The alterations in architectural arrangement and membrane structure of cells may be responsible for the observed changes in the dielectric properties. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:429–436. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental Innovations and Strategies for the Development of New Production Technologies: Empirical Evidence from Europe
Authors: Bönte Werner , Dienes Christian
Published: February 2013

This study empirically investigates whether firms' improvements in energy and material efficiency are related to the extent to which external partners are involved in the development of process innovations. In particular, we distinguish three different process innovation strategies: firms may follow an ‘in‐house strategy’ and develop their innovations mainly within the firm, they may opt for an ‘external strategy’ and let mainly external partners develop innovations, or they may opt for a ‘cooperation strategy’ and develop innovations jointly with external partners. Using data of manufacturing firms obtained from the fourth Community Innovation Survey covering 14 European countries, we conduct total sample as well as industry‐ and country‐specific regressions. Our results indicate that firms following the ‘external strategy’ tend to have a lower probability of introducing process innovations leading to a marked increase in energy and material efficiency. Moreover, in contrast to extant literature, none of our results suggests that companies following a ‘cooperation strategy’ experience greater environmental innovation performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
ChemInform Abstract: Color‐Tunable Emission and Energy Transfer in Ca3Gd7(PO4) (SiO4)5O2: Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ Phosphors.
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Guogang , Geng Dongling , Shang Mengmeng , Peng Chong , Lin Jun
Published: February 2013

The color‐tunable title phosphors are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, Gd2O3, (NH4)2HPO4, SiO2, CeO2, Tb4O7, and MnCO3 (10%H2/90%N2, 1400 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Structural Studies of the Multifunctional Material SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3‐δ.
Authors: Greenblatt M. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2013

The title compound is prepared by the sol—gel method starting with SrCO3, FeC2O4, (NH4)6Mo7O24, citric acid, and HNO3 dissolved in H2O (heating the precursor at 950 °C for 12 h and at 1250 °C for another 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of a Nonanuclear {CoII9} Polyoxometalate Cluster as a Homogeneous Catalyst for Water Oxidation.
Authors: Goberna‐Ferron Sara , Vigara Laura , Soriano‐Lopez Joaquin , Galan‐Mascaros Jose Ramon
Published: February 2013

In the presence of the polyanion {Co9(H2O)6(OH)3 (HPO4)2 (PW9O34)3}16‐ catalytic water electrolysis in a sodium phosphate buffer solution at neutral pH occurs on fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass electrodes at reasonable low overpotentials.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Two Novel Indium Phosphites with (3,6)‐ and (3,5)‐Connected Frameworks: Synthesis, Structure and Characterization.
Authors: Li Huiduan , Zhang Lirong , Huo Qisheng , Liu Yunling
Published: February 2013

[H3O][In(HPO3)2] (I) and [C4H12N2] [In2(HPO3)3(C2O4)] (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from In(NO3)3, In2(C2O4)3, NH4F, piperazine, H3PO3, and H2O (autoclave, 140—160 °C, 2—3 d, 65% and 47% yield for (I) and (II), respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of pH and Reaction Time on the Structures of Early Lanthanide(III) Borate Perchlorates.
Authors: Polinski Matthew J. , Wang Shuao , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Cross Justin N. , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: February 2013

Reactions of LnCl3 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Eu) with 11 M HClO4 in molten H3BO3 (autoclave, 240 °C, 3, 5, or 7 d) lead to the formation of Ln[B8O10(OH)6(H2O) (ClO4)]·0.5H2O (Ln: La—Nd, Sm), Pr[B8O11(OH)4(H2O) (ClO4)], Ln[B7O11(OH)(H2O)2 (ClO4)] (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu), and Ce[B8O11(OH)4(H2O) (ClO4)] depending on the lanthanide metal and the reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: A New 1‐D Extended Vanadoborate Containing Triply Bridged Metal Complex Units.
Authors: Zhou Jian , Liu Xing , Hu Feilong , Zou Huahong , Li Xiaojuan
Published: February 2013

(H4tren)4(H3O) {[Na(H2O)4]3 [V12B18O54(OH)6(H2O)] 2}·42H2O (tren: tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine) is solvothermally synthesized by reaction of Na2SO3, NH4VO3, H3BO3, tren, and water (autoclave, 110 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Li3Mg2OsO6, a Geometrically Frustrated Osmium(V) Oxide with an Ordered Rock Salt Structure: Comparison with Isostructural Li3Mg2RuO6.
Authors: Nguyen Phuong‐Hieu T. , Ramezanipour Farshid , Greedan John E. , Cranswick Lachlan M. D. , Derakhshan Shahab
Published: February 2013

The new title compound is synthesized by reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Li5OsO6, Os, OsO2, and MgO (alumina crucible in an evacuated quartz tube, several heatings at 750 °C for 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,7‐Octadiene‐Assisted Tandem Multicomponent Cross‐Enyne Metathesis (CEYM)‐Diels—Alder Reactions: A Useful Alternative to Mori′s Conditions.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Bello Paula , Miro Javier , Simon Antonio , del Pozo Carlos
Published: February 2013

The protocol relies on a relay metathesis process, in which 1,7‐octadiene acts as an in situ source of ethylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Ylidene‐β‐dicarbonyl Compounds: A Mild PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Dehydrogenation Process.
Authors: Fan Liyan , Chen Wen , Tang Kunshan , Wu Dongbei
Published: February 2013

The title process provides a complementary entry to stereoselectivity for the Knoevenagel reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Promoted Chan—Lam‐type O‐Arylation of Oximes with Arylboronic Acids at Room Temperature.
Authors: Mondal Manoj , Sarmah Gayatri , Gogoi Kongkona , Bora Utpal
Published: February 2013

The methodology represents an efficient alternative to existing protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction by Helical Poly(amino acid)s in Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Akagawa Kengo , Kudo Kazuaki
Published: February 2013

TentaGel‐supported polyleucine catalyzes the process to yield acetylated products after hydrolysis and acetylation with low enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Quinone Dimer Derivatives Substituted with Sulfanyl Groups and Their Properties.
Authors: Kamimura Akio , et al. et al.
Published: February 2013

Title compounds (IV), representing potential new redox and fluorescent materials, are readily prepared using the oxidative coupling process to dimers (II) as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: CeIII‐Promoted Oxidation. Efficient Aerobic One‐Pot Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Oxidized Bis(indol‐3‐yl)methanes and Cyclic Tetra(indolyl)dimethanes.
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Mendes Samuel R. , Villetti Marcos A. , Back Davi F. , Kaufman Teodoro S.
Published: February 2013

Indoles (I) and benzaldehyde derivatives (II) undergo an one‐pot condensation and a further aerobic dehydrogenation with CeCl3 to afford the corresponding oxidized bis(indol‐3‐yl)methanes (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H/C—H Coupling and Eliminative SNH Reactions in Direct Functionalization of Imidazole Oxides with Indoles.
Authors: Varaksin Mikhail V. , Utepova Irina A. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: February 2013

Pd(OAc)2/ Cu(OAc)2‐mediated reaction of imidazole oxides with indoles provides a new approach to indolylimidazole oxides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 9‐(1‐Iodovinyl)acridin‐(2H)‐one Through Iodine‐Mediated Cascade 6‐endo‐dig Cyclization Followed by Condensation and 3,3‐Sigmatropic Migration of 2‐Aminophenyl Propynyl Oxyenone.
Authors: Sivaraman Mahalingam , Muralidharan Doraiswamy , Perumal Parmasivan T.
Published: February 2013

Notable features concerning the process are the simple one‐step approach and a short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: A Greener Route for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetraarylated Imidazoles
Authors: Behbahani Farahnaz K. , Yektanezhad Talayeh
Published: February 2013

using a FePO4‐catalyzed four‐component condensation reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of 2‐(4‐Dimethylaminophenyl)‐3,5‐disubstituted Thiazolidin‐4‐ones as Anticonvulsants.
Authors: Senthilraja Manavalan , Alagarsamy Veerachamy
Published: February 2013

Among the title thiazolidones synthesized, benzamide (IXd) appears to be the most active compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiourea Dioxide Catalyzed Multicomponent Coupling Reaction for the One‐Step Synthesis of Naphthopyran Derivatives.
Authors: Verma Sanny , Jain Suman L.
Published: February 2013

Both naphthols are used in the process to afford the heterocyclic systems of type (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Methylquinolines with Alcohols.
Authors: Obora Yasushi , Ogawa Shinji , Yamamoto Nobuyuki
Published: February 2013

3‐ and 6‐Methylquinoline are inert, but 2‐methylquinoxaline, 2‐methylbenzoxazoline, and 2‐methylpyridine can also be converted into the corresponding methyl‐alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives for Fluorescent Imaging Certain Bacteria.
Authors: Dhanapal Ramu , Perumal Paramasivan T. , Damodiran Munusamy , Ramprasath Chandrasekaran , Mathivanan Narayanasamy
Published: February 2013

Highly fluorescent quinoline derivatives are synthesized via scandium triflate‐catalyzed imino Diels—Alder reaction followed by an oxidation step.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Varied Substituents on the Antibacterial Activity of Triazolylmethyl Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Phillips Oludotun A. , Udo Edet E. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohammed E. , Varghese Reny
Published: February 2013

A variety of triazolylmethyloxazolidinones (I) is synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,3,5‐Triazinylnitroformaldoximes. Part 5. Synthesis of 5‐R‐3‐(1,3,5‐Triazinyl)‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles.
Authors: Bakharev V. V. , Gidaspov A. A. , Selezneva E. V. , El'tsov O. S.
Published: February 2013

2‐Isoxazolines, substituted in positions C‐3 and C‐5, (III), (V) are regioselectively synthesized in a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 1,3,5‐triazinylnitrile oxides to mono‐ and disubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐5H‐2‐benzazepin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Okuro Kazumi , Alper Howard
Published: February 2013

The synthesis involves an initial aza‐Michael addition of benzylamines to Michael acceptors (II) followed by a Pd‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐5‐diethoxyphosphorylethyne‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles.
Authors: Brel' V. K.
Published: February 2013

via regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of arylnitrile oxide with phosphonylated vinylacetylene (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Unnatural Chiral N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl α‐Amino Acid Synthesis: A General Synthetic Strategy to N‐Boc‐Phenylalanine Analogue Alternatives.
Authors: Lin Li , Fu Xu , Ma Xiaojuan , Zhang Jinlong , Wang Rui
Published: February 2013

The asymmetric addition of organozinc reagents to the chiral imino acetate (II) proceeds with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Pyrimidine Nucleosides: Inhibitors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses.
Authors: Shakya Neeraj , Vedi Satish , Liang Chao , Agrawal Babita , Tyrrell D. Lorne , Kumar Rakesh
Published: February 2013

Novel dideoxy pyrimidine nucleosides possessing a 4′‐carboxyl function are synthesized and recognized to be inhibitors of HBV and / or HCV replication.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New 12‐Carbamoylated Streptothricins from Streptomyces sp. I08A 1776.
Authors: Gan Maoluo , Zheng Xudong , Liu Yufeng , Guan Yan , Xiao Chunling
Published: February 2013

The less polar components of the previously studied water‐soluble portion of the fermentation cultures of the title strain are investigated, leading to the identification of two new streptothricins (I) and to the new streptothricin acid derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of Six New Flavonoids from Melicope triphylla.
Authors: Higa Matsutake , Imamura Megumi , Shimoji Kanae , Ogihara Kazuhito , Suzuka Toshimasa
Published: February 2013

Six new flavonoids (I), (II) are isolated together with six known flavonoids.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hendrickson ′POP′ Reagent and Analogues Thereof: Synthesis, Structure, and Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Moussa Ziad
Published: February 2013

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Free Radical Reactions of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds
Authors: Back Thomas G. , Press David J.
Published: February 2013

Review: 889 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Syntheses of the Flindersial Alkaloids
Authors: Vallakati Ravikrishna , May Jeremy A.
Published: February 2013

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Garratt—Braverman Cyclization, a Powerful Tool for C—C Bond Formation
Authors: Mondal Sayantan , Mitra Tapobrata , Mukherjee Raja , Addy Partha Sarathi , Basak Amit
Published: February 2013

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Acid‐ and Base‐Catalyzed Etherification of Glycerol to Polyglycerols
Authors: Sivaiah M. V. , Robles‐Manuel S. , Valange S. , Barrault J.
Published: February 2013

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Biology of Organic Guanidine Derivatives
Authors: Berlinck Roberto G. S. , Trindade‐Silva Amaro E. , Santos Mario F. C.
Published: February 2013

Review: 247 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Usnic Acid: Preparation, Structure, Properties and Chemical Transformations
Authors: Sokolov D. N. , Luzina O. A. , Salakhutdinov N. F.
Published: February 2013

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Organocatalysts Other than Ketone and Iminium Salt Catalysts
Authors: Garcia‐Garcia P.
Published: February 2013

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reactions of α‐Functionalized Aldehydes
Authors: Chiang P.‐C. , Bode J. W.
Published: February 2013

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Dimensionality, Order, and Classification in Spaces of Theoretical Descriptions of Molecules: An Approach Based on Metrics, Pattern Recognition Techniques, and Graph Theoretic Considerations
Authors: Maroulis George
Published: February 2013

Review: 31 refs.
Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes‐1 (SIRL‐1) negatively regulates the oxidative burst in human phagocytes
Authors: Steevels Tessa A. M. , van Avondt Kristof , Westerlaken Geertje H. A. , Stalpers Femke , Walk Jona , Bont Louis , Coffer Paul J. , Meyaard Linde
Published: February 2013

ROS production is an important effector mechanism mediating intracellular killing of microbes by phagocytes. Inappropriate or untimely ROS production can lead to tissue damage, thus tight regulation is essential. We recently characterized signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes‐1 (SIRL‐1) as an inhibitory receptor expressed by human phagocytes. Here, we demonstrate that ligation of SIRL‐1 dampens Fc receptor‐induced ROS production in primary human phagocytes. In accordance, SIRL‐1 engagement on these cells impairs the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, without affecting phagocytosis. The inhibition of ROS production may result from reduced ERK activation, since co‐ligation of Fc receptors and SIRL‐1 on phagocytes inhibited phosphorylation of ERK. Importantly, we demonstrate that microbial and inflammatory stimuli cause rapid downregulation of SIRL‐1 expression on the surface of primary neutrophils and monocytes. In accordance, SIRL‐1 expression levels on neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation are greatly reduced. We propose that SIRL‐1 on phagocytes sets an activation threshold to prevent inappropriate production of oxygen radicals. Upon infection, SIRL‐1 expression is downregulated, allowing microbial killing and clearance of the pathogen.
Mammalian cell metabolomics: Experimental design and sample preparation
Authors: León Zacarías , García‐Cañaveras Juan C. , Donato María Teresa , Lahoz Agustín
Published: February 2013

Metabolomics represents the global assessment of metabolites in a biological sample and reports the closest information to the phenotype of the biological system under study. Mammalian cell metabolomics has emerged as a promising tool with potential applications in many biotechnology and research areas. Metabolomics workflow includes experimental design, sampling, sample processing, metabolite analysis, and data processing. Given their influence on metabolite content and biological interpretation of data, a good experimental design and the appropriate choice of a sample processing method are prerequisites for success in any metabolomic study. The use of mammalian cells in the metabolomics field involves harder sample processing methods, including metabolism quenching and metabolite extraction, as compared to the use of body fluids, although such critical issues are frequently overlooked. This review aims to overview the common experimental procedures used in mammalian cell metabolomics based on mass spectrometry, by placing special emphasis on discussing sample preparation approaches, although other aspects, such as cell metabolomics applications, culture systems, cellular models, analytical platforms, and data analysis, are also briefly covered. This review intends to be a helpful tool to assist researchers in addressing decisions when planning a metabolomics study involving the use of mammalian cells.
A portrayal of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylases in cancer
Authors: Satija Yatendra Kumar , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Das Sanjeev
Published: February 2013

E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are the key components of ubiquitin proteasome system which plays a critical role in cellular protein homeostasis. Any shortcoming in their biological roles can lead to various diseases including cancer. The dynamic interplay between ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation determines the level and activity of several proteins including p53, which is crucial for cellular stress response and tumor suppression pathways. In this review, we describe the different types of E3 ubiquitin ligases including those targeting tumor suppressor p53, SCF ligases and RING type ligases and accentuate on biological functions of few important E3 ligases in the cellular regulatory networks. Tumor suppressor p53 level is tightly regulated by multiple E3 ligases including Mdm2, COP1, Pirh2, etc. SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes are key regulators of cell cycle and signal transduction. BRCA1 and VHL RING type ligases function as tumor suppressors and play an important role in DNA repair and hypoxia response respectively. Further, we discuss the biological consequences of deregulation of the E3 ligases and the implications for cancer development. We also describe deubiquitylases which reverse the process of ubiquitylation and regulate diverse cellular pathways including metabolism, cell cycle control and chromatin remodelling. As the E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs work in a substrate specific manner, an improved understanding of them can lead to better therapeutics for cancer.
Clinical trade‐offs in cross‐linked ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene used in total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Pruitt Lisa A. , Ansari Farzana , Kury Matt , Mehdizah Amir , Patten Elias W. , Huddlestein James , Mickelson Dayne , Chang Jennifer , Hubert Kim , Ries Michael D.
Published: February 2013

Highly cross‐linked formulations of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (XLPE) offer exceptional wear resistance for total joint arthroplasty but are offset with a reduction in postyield and fatigue fracture properties in comparison to conventional ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Oxidation resistance is also an important property for the longevity of total joint replacements (TJRs) as formulations of UHMWPE or XLPE utilizing radiation methods are susceptible to free radical generation and subsequent embrittlement. The balance of oxidation, wear, and fracture properties is an enduring concern for orthopedic polymers used as the bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty. Optimization of material properties is further challenged in designs that make use of locking mechanisms, notches, or other stress concentrations that can render the polymer susceptible to fracture due to elevated local stresses. Clinical complications involving impingements, dislocations, or other biomechanical overloads can exacerbate stresses and negate benefits of improved wear resistance provided by XLPE. This work examines trade‐offs that factor into the use of XLPE in TJR implants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 476–484, 2013.
Enthalpy–Entropy Correlations in Reactions of Aryl Benzoates with Potassium Aryloxides in Dimethylformamide
Authors: Khalfina Irina A. , Vlasov Vladislav M.
Published: February 2013

Temperature dependences of the relative reactivity of potassium aryloxides XC6H4O−K+ toward 4‐nitrophenyl (1), 3‐nitrophenyl (2), 4‐chlorophenyl (3), and phenyl (4) benzoates in dimethylformamide (DMF) were studied using the competitive reactions technique. The rate constants kX for the reactions of 1 with potassium 4‐cyanophenoxide, 2 with potassium 3‐bromophenoxide, 3 with potassium 3‐bromo‐, 4‐bromo‐, and unsubstituted phenoxides, 4 with potassium 4‐methoxy‐ and 3‐methylphenoxides were measured at 25°C. Correlation analysis of the relative rate constants kX/kH(3‐Me) and differences in the activation parameters (∆∆Н≠ and ∆∆S≠) of competitive reactions revealed the existence of six isokinetic series. We investigated the substituent effect of X on the activation parameters for each isokinetic series and concluded that the reactions of aryl benzoates PhCO2C6H4Y with potassium aryloxides in DMF proceed via a four‐step mechanism. The large ρ0(Y) and ρXY values at 25°C obtained for the reactions of 1–3 with potassium aryloxides with an electron‐donating substituent refer to the rate‐determining formation of the spiro‐σ‐complex. The Hammett plots for the reactions of 1 and 2 exhibit a downward curvature, causing the motion of the transition state for the rate‐determining step according to a Hammond effect as the substituent in aryloxide changes from electron‐donating to electron‐withdrawing. Analysis of data in the terms of two‐dimensional reaction coordinate diagrams leads to the conclusion that significant anti‐Hammond effects arise in the cases of ortho‐substituted and unsubstituted substrates. It was shown that the isokinetic and compensation effects observed for the reactions of aryl benzoates with potassium aryloxides in DMF can be interpreted in the terms of the electrostatic bonding between the reaction centers.
Vemurafenib‐Associated Pancreatitis: Case Report
Authors: Muluneh Benyam , Buie Larry W. , Collichio Frances
Published: February 2013

Vemurafenib is a novel BRAF kinase inhibitor indicated in metastatic melanoma patients with V600E mutation. We report the first case of vemurafenib‐associated pancreatitis. Two weeks after initiation of vemurafenib, a patient presented to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain and a serum lipase of 1544 units/L. Drug‐induced pancreatitis was diagnosed on exclusion of all other potential causes. Vemurafenib was rechallenged at half the daily dose and the patient subsequently developed exacerbated symptoms of pancreatitis after two doses. The strong temporal relationship between drug exposure and toxicity, along with the positive results from a rechallenge study, strongly support a conclusion of causality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of vemurafenib‐induced pancreatitis.
Fluorocarbon Plasma Polymer Deposition by an Atmospheric Pressure Microplasma Jet Using Different Precursor Molecules – A Comparative Study
Authors: Vogelsang Andreas , Ohl Andreas , Foest Rüdiger , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter
Published: February 2013

The plasma polymerization of two fluorocarbon compounds (octafluorocyclobutane (c‐C4F8) and octafluoropropane (C3F8)) using a non‐thermal atmospheric pressure microplasma jet is being compared. The source is operated with argon as working gas at a flow rate of 6 slm and 10–100 sccm admixtures of the respective monomer. Whereas c‐C4F8 shows a fast deposition process with high local growth rates and a Teflon‐like chemical structure, the same process with C3F8 is much slower, producing very thin and higher cross‐linked coatings. The differences in the deposition rate, as well as the chemical structure of the coatings, measured by X‐ray photo electron spectroscopy, are described and the results are discussed along with possible gas phase reactions.

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Photovoltaic operation of quantum dot quantum cascade detector with low photoconductive gain for midwave infrared photodetection
Authors: Barve Ajit V. , Krishna Sanjay
Published: February 2013

We demonstrate photovoltaic operation of midwave (MW) quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) with conventional n‐i‐n geometry, with a quantum cascade design. Quantum dot quantum cascade detector (QD‐QCD) provides zero bias operation with responsivity of 10 mA/W and detectivity of 9×109 cm.Hz1/2W‐1 at 77 K for f/2 optics. Measured photoconductive gain is below 0.4, which is difficult to obtain with the traditional QDIP architecture, and is highly attractive for focal plane array applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A cryptography‐based protocol against packet dropping and message tampering attacks on mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Obaidat Mohammad S. , Woungang Isaac , Dhurandher Sanjay Kumar , Koo Vincent
Published: February 2013

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), nodes are mobile in nature, but at the same time, they are assumed to rely on each other to relay their traffic even in case the wireless transmission medium is out of range. This requirement poses a serious challenge when malicious nodes are present in the MANET and may contribute to the routing operations, either by tampering the data packets or dropping them. This paper addresses this particular type of wormhole attacks, by introducing an enhancement (the so‐called E‐HSAM) to a recently proposed ad hoc on‐demand distance vector‐based protocol for preventing against such attacks in MANETs (the so‐called highly secured approach against attacks on MANETs (HSAM)). Our contributions are twofold: (i) a simulation study of the HSAM protocol is provided for the first time, and (ii) the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is introduced in the route selection phase of E‐HSAM (yielding our so‐called E‐HSAM‐AES scheme) to strengthen the integrity of the data while securing the potential routes chosen for data transfer from source to destination nodes. Simulation results are presented, showing the superiority of E‐HSAM‐AES over E‐HSAM and HSAM in terms of packet delivery ratio and broken link detected during data transmission, chosen as performance metrics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Gastrectomy in Patients With Delayed Gastric Emptying After Antireflux Surgery or Large Hiatal Hernia Repair
Authors: Gerritsen Arja , Furnée Edgar J. B. , Gooszen Hein G. , Wondergem Maurits , Hazebroek Eric J.
Published: February 2013

Background

Revision antireflux surgery and large hiatal hernia repair require extensive dissection at the gastroesophageal junction. This may lead to troublesome symptoms due to delayed gastric emptying, eventually requiring gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of gastrectomy for severely delayed gastric emptying after large hiatal hernia repair or redo antireflux surgery.

Methods

Eleven patients were treated between 1995 and 2010 and entered in the study. Preoperative and operative data were retrospectively collected. Standardized questionnaires were sent to all of the patients to evaluate symptomatic outcome.

Results

The primary intervention was Nissen fundoplication in nine patients, Toupet fundoplication in one, and cruroplasty in another. The repairs were for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in five patients and a symptomatic large hiatal hernia in six. Subsequent gastrectomy was partial in four patients, subtotal in six, and total in one. There was one minor postoperative complication. After a mean (±SD) duration of 102 ± 59 months, nine patients were available for symptomatic follow‐up. Eight patients experienced daily symptoms related to dumping. Daily symptoms indicative of delayed gastric emptying were present in seven patients at follow‐up. Mean general quality of life was increased from 3.8 ± 2.2 before gastrectomy to 5.4 ± 1.8 at follow‐up. Eight patients reported gastrectomy as worthwhile.

Conclusion

Gastrectomy after previous antireflux surgery or large hiatal hernia repair is safe with the potential to improve quality of life. Although upper gastrointestinal symptoms tend to persist, gastrectomy can be considered a reasonable, last‐resort surgical option for alleviating upper gastrointestinal symptoms after this kind of surgery.
Social Policy Digest Online
Authors: Bennett Fran , Jones Ken
Published: February 2013

The Social Policy Digest is a major online resource providing up-to-date listings of developments across the whole range of UK and pan-European social policy issues - including links to source materials and commentary. The Digest is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Social Policy Association.
Parametrically excited inverted double pendulum and efficient bipedal walking with an upper body
Authors: Honjo Toyoyuki , Nagano Akinori , Luo Zhi-Wei
Published: February 2013

Walking locomotion involves complex movement of total center of mass. Not only the lower body behavior but also the upper body behavior affects the walking characteristics. Therefore, in this paper we derive the principle of parametrically excited inverted double pendulum to consider both lower body and upper body dynamics. We propose one approach to utilize the upper body behavior of the robot for energy efficient bipedal locomotion. In addition, we analyze the property of parametrically excited inverted double pendulum.
Role of technology in combating social crimes: A modeling study
Authors: SHUKLA J. B. , GOYAL ASHISH , AGRAWAL KAPIL , KUSHWAH HARSH , SHUKLA AJAY
Published: February 2013

In this paper, a non-linear mathematical model is proposed and analysed to study the role of technology in combating social crimes in a dynamic population by considering immigration and emigration rates of susceptible population and criminals. The problem is modelled by considering five interacting variables, namely the density of susceptible population, the density of criminals, the density of removed (isolated) criminals, the density of crime burden and the level of technology used to control crime. The proposed model is analysed by using the stability theory of differential equation and simulation. The model analysis shows that the crime burden decreases considerably as the level of technology increases. It is noted that the crime in a society can be controlled almost completely if criminals from the general population are removed by intensive use of technology.
Growth and band alignment of Bi2Se3 topological insulator on H-terminated Si(111) van der Waals surface
Authors: Li Handong , Gao Lei , Li Hui , Wang Gaoyun , Wu Jiang , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Zhiming
Published: February 2013

The van der Waals epitaxy of single crystalline Bi2Se3 film was achieved on hydrogen passivated Si(111) (H:Si) substrate by physical vapor deposition. Valence band structures of Bi2Se3/H:Si heterojunction were investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The measured Schottky barrier height at the Bi2Se3-H:Si interface was 0.31 eV. The findings pave the way for economically preparing heterojunctions and multilayers of layered compound families of topological insulators.
IBIS: An inverse geometry Brillouin inelastic neutron spectrometer for the SNS
Authors: (Jinkui) Zhao J. K. , Wildgruber Christoph U. , Robertson Lee , Herwig Kenneth W.
Published: February 2013

The high power target station at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) currently has about 20 completed neutron scattering instruments. With a broad coverage of the momentum transfer (Q)-energy (E) space, these instruments serve an extensive user community. In an effort to further expand the scientific capabilities of the SNS instrument suites, we propose a low background, inverse geometry Brillouin inelastic spectrometer for the SNS which will expand the Q-E coverage of the current instrument suite and facilitate the study of inelastic and quasi-elastic scatterings at low Q values. The possible location for the proposed instrument is either beamline 8 which views the decoupled water moderator, or beamline 14A, which views a cold, coupled super critical hydrogen moderator. The instrument parameters, optimizations, and performances at these two beamline locations are discussed.
Directional quantum transport in graphyne p-n junction
Authors: Soodchomshom Bumned , Tang I.-Ming , Hoonsawat Rassmidara
Published: February 2013

Graphyne, a newly proposed allotrope of carbon, has a structure which is topologically equivalent to that of a strongly distorted graphene [B. G. Kim and H. J. Choi, Phys. Rev. B 86, 115435 (2012)]. The energy gap between the valence and conduction bands is due to the symmetry breaking caused by there being three topologically inequivalent hoping elements. The valleyless fermionic transport properties of γ-graphyne are different from those of graphene since the two valleys are merged together in this carbon allotrope. The transmission and conductance of the electrons in γ-graphyne are found to be directionally dependent. Klein tunneling is predicted if the tunneling is in the y-direction. If the tunneling is in the x-direction, perfect back reflection (anti Klein tunneling) is predicted if the tunneling is at normal incidence. The consequences of these directional transport properties on the performances of p-n junctions fabricated with this carbon allotrope are studied. This work reveals the advantages of building p-n junctions based on γ-gaphyne.
Fast switching thyristor applied in nanosecond-pulse high-voltage generator with closed transformer core
Authors: Li Lee , Bao Chaobing , Feng Xibo , Liu Yunlong , Fochan Lin
Published: February 2013

For a compact and reliable nanosecond-pulse high-voltage generator (NPHVG), the specification parameter selection and potential usage of fast controllable state-solid switches have an important bearing on the optimal design. The NPHVG with closed transformer core and fast switching thyristor (FST) was studied in this paper. According to the analysis of T-type circuit, the expressions for the voltages and currents of the primary and secondary windings on the transformer core of NPHVG were deduced, and the theoretical maximum analysis was performed. For NPHVG, the rise-rate of turn-on current (di/dt) across a FST may exceed its transient rating. Both mean and maximum values of di/dt were determined by the leakage inductances of the transformer, and the difference is 1.57 times. The optimum winding ratio is helpful to getting higher voltage output with lower specification FST, especially when the primary and secondary capacitances have been established. The oscillation period analysis can be effectively used to estimate the equivalent leakage inductance. When the core saturation effect was considered, the maximum di/dt estimated from the oscillating period of the primary current is more accurate than one from the oscillating period of the secondary voltage. Although increasing the leakage inductance of NPHVG can decrease di/dt across FST, it may reduce the output peak voltage of the NPHVG.
Epitaxial PbxZr1−xTiO3 on GaN
Authors: Paisley E. A. , Craft H. S. , Losego M. D. , Lu H. , Gruverman A. , Collazo R. , Sitar Z. , Maria J.-P.
Published: February 2013

Epitaxial integration of PbxZr1−xTiO3 (PZT) (111) with GaN (0002) presents the possibility of polarity coupling across a functional-oxide/nitride heteropolar interface. This work describes the synthesis and characterization of such thin film heterostructures by magnetron sputtering, with specific attention given to process optimization. Using x-ray diffraction and electrical characterization, the growth of epitaxial PZT (∼250 nm) on GaN and PZT on MgO/GaN stacks was verified. A two-stage growth process was developed for epitaxial PZT with a deposition temperature of 300 °C and an ex-situ anneal at 650 °C, which was effective in mitigating interfacial reactions and promoting phase-pure perovskite growth. Electrical analysis of interdigital capacitors revealed a nonlinear and hysteretic dielectric response consistent with ferroelectric PZT. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) characterization shows clear evidence of ferroelectric switching, and PFM hysteresis loop analysis shows minimal evidence for direct polarity coupling, but suggests that band offsets which accompany the oxide-nitride heterostructures influence switching.
Communication: One-photon phase control of cis-trans isomerization in retinal
Authors: Arango Carlos A. , Brumer Paul
Published: February 2013

We computationally demonstrate the one-photon phase control of retinal isomerization under conditions of low laser intensity. The calculations, utilizing the multiconfigurational time dependent Hartree method, include coupling between the two modes that are active in isomerization and the background molecular vibrational environment. Noting previously unsuccessful computations highlights the significance of this result.
Study on pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of biomass and its components
Authors: Xie Huaqing , Yu Qingbo , Qin Qin , Zhang Haitao , Li Peng
Published: February 2013

With thermogravimetric analyzer, the pyrolysis characteristics of two kinds of biomass (pine cone (PC) and corn cob (CC)) and their main mix components (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and strong acid detergent fiber (SADF)) extracted by Van Soest analysis were studied under three heating rates (10, 20, and 40 K/min). Similar pyrolysis trends were obtained for the two original samples (OSs) and the same mix components, but the differences of the start, end, and reaction rate peak points, the residue ratios, and even the peak numbers of the pyrolysis reaction exist. Besides, to some extent the three components (hemi-cellulose, cellulose, and lignin) have the synergistic effect. On the basis of thermogravimetric analysis, the kinetic analysis of the original samples and the SADF (seen as lignin) was performed. The novel two-step method of model sifting was applied to select the most reasonable mechanism model. Different samples have different models, but the mechanism model of the same sample barely changes under different heating rates, with the exceptions of the OS of PC and the SADF of CC. By obtaining the activation energy and frequency factor, the kinetic model expression was acquired, and then was verified to agree well with the experimental result.