bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lake Phenology of Freeze-Thaw Cycles Using Random Forest: A Case Study of Qinghai Lake
Authors: Han Weixiao , Huang Chunlin , Duan Hongtao , Gu Juan , Hou Jinliang
Published: December 2020

Lake phenology is essential for understanding the lake freeze-thaw cycle effects on terrestrial hydrological processes. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) has the most extensive ice reserve outside of the Arctic and Antarctic poles and is a sensitive indicator of global climate changes. Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in the QTP, plays a critical role in climate change. The freeze-thaw cycles of lakes were studied using daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data ranging from 2000–2018 in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Surface water/ice area, coverage, critical dates, surface water, and ice cover duration were extracted. Random forest (RF) was applied with a classifier accuracy of 0.9965 and a validation accuracy of 0.8072. Compared with six common water indexes (tasseled cap wetness (TCW), normalized difference water index (NDWI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), automated water extraction index (AWEI), water index 2015 (WI2015) and multiband water index (MBWI)) and ice threshold value methods, the critical freeze-up start (FUS), freeze-up end (FUE), break-up start (BUS), and break-up end (BUE) dates were extracted by RF and validated by visual interpretation. The results showed an R2 of 0.99, RMSE of 3.81 days, FUS and BUS overestimations of 2.50 days, and FUE and BUE underestimations of 0.85 days. RF performed well for lake freeze-thaw cycles. From 2000 to 2018, the FUS and FUE dates were delayed by 11.21 and 8.21 days, respectively, and the BUS and BUE dates were 8.59 and 1.26 days early, respectively. Two novel key indicators, namely date of the first negative land surface temperature (DFNLST) and date of the first positive land surface temperature (DFPLST), were proposed to comprehensively delineate lake phenology: DFNLST was approximately 37 days before FUS, and DFPLST was approximately 20 days before BUS, revealing that the first negative and first positive land surface temperatures occur increasingly earlier.
Towards a Satellite System for Archaeology? Simulation of an Optical Satellite Mission with Ideal Spatial and Temporal Resolution, Illustrated by a Case Study in Scotland
Authors: McGrath Ciara N. , Scott Charlie , Cowley Dave , Macdonald Malcolm
Published: December 2020

Applications of remote sensing data for archaeology rely heavily on repurposed data, which carry inherent limitations in their suitability to help address archaeological questions. Through a case study framed around archaeological imperatives in a Scottish context, this work investigates the potential for existing satellite systems to provide remote sensing data that meet defined specifications for archaeological prospection, considering both spatial and temporal resolution, concluding that the availability of commercial data is currently insufficient. Tasking a commercial constellation of 12 spacecraft to collect images of a 150 km2 region in Scotland through the month of July 2020 provided 26 images with less than 50% cloud cover. Following an analysis of existing systems, this paper presents a high-level mission architecture for a bespoke satellite system designed from an archaeological specification. This study focuses on orbit design and the number of spacecraft needed to meet the spatial and temporal resolution requirements for archaeological site detection and monitoring in a case study of Scotland, using existing imaging technology. By exploring what an ideal scenario might look like from a satellite mission planning perspective, this paper presents a simulation analysis that foregrounds archaeological imperatives and specifies a satellite constellation design on that basis. High-level design suggests that a system of eight 100 kg spacecraft in a 581 km altitude orbit could provide coverage at a desired temporal and spatial resolution of two-weekly revisit and <1 m ground sampling distance, respectively. The potential for such a system to be more widely applied in regions of similar latitude and climate is discussed.
Wireless Power Transfer Approaches for Medical Implants: A Review
Authors: Haerinia Mohammad , Shadid Reem
Published: December 2020

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is a critical technology that provides an alternative for wireless power and communication with implantable medical devices (IMDs). This article provides a study concentrating on popular WPT techniques for IMDs including inductive coupling, microwave, ultrasound, and hybrid wireless power transmission (HWPT) systems. Moreover, an overview of the major works is analyzed with a comparison of the symmetric and asymmetric design elements, operating frequency, distance, efficiency, and harvested power. In general, with respect to the operating frequency, it is concluded that the ultrasound-based and inductive-based WPTs have a low operating frequency of less than 50 MHz, whereas the microwave-based WPT works at a higher frequency. Moreover, it can be seen that most of the implanted receiver’s dimension is less than 30 mm for all the WPT-based methods. Furthermore, the HWPT system has a larger receiver size compared to the other methods used. In terms of efficiency, the maximum power transfer efficiency is conducted via inductive-based WPT at 95%, compared to the achievable frequencies of 78%, 50%, and 17% for microwave-based, ultrasound-based, and hybrid WPT, respectively. In general, the inductive coupling tactic is mostly employed for transmission of energy to neuro-stimulators, and the ultrasonic method is used for deep-seated implants.
Sweden and Coronavirus: Unexceptional Exceptionalism
Authors: Andersson Staffan , Aylott Nicholas
Published: December 2020

The aims of this article are, first, to describe the Swedish authorities’ strategy for dealing with the sudden onset of novel coronavirus in early 2020 and, second, to explain why that strategy differed markedly from those in nearly all other European countries. From an early stage, the Swedish government delegated decision making to the Public Health Agency, and its goal was to mitigate the effects of the virus rather than to suppress its spread. Society was never closed down in the same way as elsewhere. Using data from media reports and other publications, we argue that the agency was insulated from pressure to change course, even as the number of deaths associated with covid-19 rose far above those in Sweden’s Nordic neighbours, by four conditions: (1) the structure of national public administration; (2) an outburst of nationalism in parts of the media; (3) the uneven impact of the virus; and (4) a political leadership that was willing to delegate responsibility for policy almost entirely. We conclude by briefly comparing the coronavirus strategy to previous episodes of Swedish policy exceptionalism. This emerging pattern, we suggest, raises normative questions about the functioning of Swedish democracy.
Comparison of Different Monetization Methods in LCA: A Review
Authors: Arendt Rosalie , Bachmann Till M. , Motoshita Masaharu , Bach Vanessa , Finkbeiner Matthias
Published: December 2020

Different LCA methods based on monetization of environmental impacts are available. Therefore, relevant monetization methods, namely Ecovalue12, Stepwise2006, LIME3, Ecotax, EVR, EPS, the Environmental Prices Handbook, Trucost and the MMG-Method were compared quantitatively and qualitatively, yielding results for 18 impact categories. Monetary factors for the same impact category range mostly between two orders of magnitude for the assessed methods, with some exceptions (e.g., mineral resources with five orders of magnitude). Among the qualitative criteria, per capita income, and thus the geographical reference, has the biggest influence on the obtained monetary factors. When the monetization methods were applied to the domestic yearly environmental damages of an average EU citizen, their monetary values ranged between 7941.13 €/capita (Ecotax) and 224.06 €/capita (LIME3). The prioritization of impact categories varies: Stepwise and Ecovalue assign over 50% of the per capita damages to climate change, while EPS and LIME3 assign around 50% to mineral and fossil resource use. Choices regarding the geographical reference, the Areas of Protection included, cost perspectives and the approach to discounting strongly affect the magnitude of the monetary factors. Therefore, practitioners should choose monetization methods with care and potentially apply varying methods to assess the robustness of their results.
“Changing the Game—Neighbourhood”: An Energy Transition Board Game, Developed in a Co-Design Process: A Case Study
Authors: Lanezki Mathias , Siemer Catharina , Wehkamp Steffen
Published: December 2020

Communicating knowledge about energy transition is a challenge of sustainable development. Serious games are a possible approach to explain complex relationships and present them to citizens. This paper discusses the development process of the serious board game “Changing the Game—Neighbourhood”. Therefore, this paper describes our approach of developing a serious game with co-designers in four phases and illustrates the process using an example. Doing so, the paper focus on two central challenges: (1) How can a serious game be developed for the energy transition, which keeps a balance between learning and playability? (2) How can co-design contribute to the development of a serious game? We found out that the use of prototypes and the influence of different stakeholders as informants, co-designers, and testers were crucial for the expansion of the learning content, the improvement of the gameplay, and the balancing of the difficulty level. In addition, the energy transition at the neighborhood level appeared to be a suitable topic for a serious game. During the development process, the serious game was already used for citizen participation, involving about 120 participants in 15 workshops.
Investigation of the Influential Factors in Leading People to Seek Mobile Information for the Promotion of Health-Related Behaviors
Authors: You (Ryu) Kyung Han , Cho Jaehee
Published: December 2020

This study explored the cognitive structures that influence mobile information seekers’ intentions of promoting health behaviors. Using a nationwide self-reported survey (n = 1010) conducted by a national research institute in Korea, the present study conducted multiple regression analyses and moderated mediation tests for its analysis. The results showed that two of the three social cognitive components—i.e., health information orientation (HIO) and e-health literacy (EHL)—had a positive effect on users’ mobile health information seeking behaviors (MHIS), whereas informational social support (ISS) did not. Furthermore, the effects of the social cognition factors varied based on the type of health-promoting behaviors, and the types of health-related behavior predicted by the three factors also differed. Moreover, HIO was a factor that affected only nutritional intake among all of the health promotion behaviors, while ISS was a critical factor that predicted most health-related behaviors, except for the participants’ regular exercise (REX). The findings also indicated that the respondents’ levels of health efficacy and the extent of their health-related information seeking on mobile devices partially mediated the associations between the independent variables and their health-related behavioral outcomes. Among the mediated moderation effects of the three factors in social cognition theory (SCT), only the mediated effects of EHL were found to be significant. Based on these findings, the present study highlighted that the predictors of health-promoting behaviors may vary according to the features of the information seekers. The further implications of the study are also discussed.
Sustainable Tourism Attitude and Preference in Italian Adults: Value Orientation and Psychological Need Satisfaction
Authors: Cardinali Paola , Varani Nicoletta , Migliorini Laura
Published: December 2020

Sustainability became a leading concept in tourism development practice and research. Several studies have shown the relationship between sustainability choices and value orientation. However, there is a lack of studies that explore how autonomous motivation, based on the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, might predict sustainability attitudes and preference. The present study aims to explore the relationship between attitudes towards sustainable tourism, preference for a sustainable stay, values orientation, and psychological need satisfaction in Italian adults, testing the hypothesis that also basic needs satisfaction and tourist preferences should contribute to increasing a positive attitude toward sustainable tourism. Participants are 142 Italian adults (M = 42,11 years, 80% women). This research used the online survey method collection and snowball strategy recruitment. The results showed that participants have a high level of attitude and preference towards sustainable tourism. Correlation indicated that there is a positive association between positive attitudes towards sustainable tourism, self-transcendence, and basic psychological need satisfaction. Furthermore, regression revealed that psychological basic need satisfaction, preference for a sustainable stay and value orientation explain people’s attitudes towards sustainable tourism. These findings imply more attention may be needed to psychological needs to understand how people might deal with environmental sustainability.
Investigation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant Processes Efficiency Using Statistical Tools
Authors: Młyński Dariusz , Młyńska Anna , Chmielowski Krzysztof , Pawełek Jan
Published: December 2020

The paper presents modelling of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation work efficiency using a two-stage method based on selected probability distributions and the Monte Carlo method. Calculations were carried out in terms of sewage susceptibility to biodegradability. Pollutant indicators in raw sewage and in sewage after mechanical treatment and biological treatment were analysed: BOD5, COD, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The compatibility of theoretical and empirical distributions was assessed using the Anderson–Darling test. The best-fitted statistical distributions were selected using Akaike criterion. Performed calculations made it possible to state that out of all proposed methods, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for distribution proved to be the best-fitted. Obtained simulation results proved that the statistical tools used in this paper describe the changes of pollutant indicators correctly. The calculations allowed us to state that the proposed calculation method can be an effective tool for predicting the course of subsequent sewage treatment stages. Modelling results can be used to make a reliable assessment of sewage susceptibility to biodegradability expressed by the BOD5/COD, BOD5/TN and BOD5/TP ratios. New data generated this way can be helpful for the assessment of WWTP operation work and for preparing different possible scenarios for their operation.
Sustainability Higher Education in the Context of Bearn’s University of Beauty
Authors: Le Grange Lesley
Published: December 2020

Sustainability and its relationship with education has been the subject of much contestation in recent decades. This article reviews some of the debates on sustainability in the context of higher education and raises concern about the narrowing of the discourse on sustainability and sustainability education in the neoliberal university. The methods used in this article are philosophical, combining traditional concept analysis with concept creation. The later method holds that philosophical concepts are created or reimagined so that they have transformative effects in the world. The key finding of this conceptual exploration is that sustainability (education) can be liberated from the fetters of neoliberalism and can be imagined differently. This might be possible in the “University of Beauty”. Moreover, the potential for reimagining sustainability higher education already exists within the neoliberal university and in those who inhabit it. This is because sustainability higher education and those who inhabit the neoliberal university are always in the process of becoming. The article concludes that the present generation of students should be viewed as key role players in rethinking sustainability higher education.
Symmetries of Magnetic Fields Driven by Spherical Dynamos of Exoplanets and Their Host Stars
Authors: Sokoloff Dmitry , Malova Helmi , Yushkov Egor
Published: December 2020

Observations of exoplanets open a new area of scientific activity and the structure of exoplanet magnetospheres is an important part of this area. Here we use symmetry arguments and experiences in spherical dynamo modeling to obtain the set of possible magnetic configurations for exoplanets and their corresponding host stars. The main part of our results is that the possible choice is much richer than the basic dipole magnetic field of both exoplanets and stars. Other options, for example, are quadrupole configurations or mixed parity solutions. Expected configurations of current sheets for the above mentioned exoplanet host star systems are presented as well.
First Record of Mosquito-Borne Kyzylagach Virus in Central Europe
Authors: Šikutová Silvie , Dočkal Patrik , Straková Petra , Mendel Jan , Šebesta Oldřich , Betášová Lenka , Blažejová Hana , Hubálek Zdeněk , Rudolf Ivo
Published: December 2020

RNA of Kyzylagach virus (KYZV), a Sindbis-like mosquito-borne alphavirus from Western equine encephalitis virus complex, was detected in four pools (out of 221 pools examined), encompassing 10,784 female Culex modestus mosquitoes collected at a fishpond in south Moravia, Czech Republic, with a minimum infection rate of 0.04%. This alphavirus was never detected in Central Europe before.
Autochthonous Transmission of West Nile Virus by a New Vector in Iran, Vector-Host Interaction Modeling and Virulence Gene Determinants
Authors: Shahhosseini Nariman , Moosa-Kazemi Seyed Hassan , Sedaghat Mohammad Mehdi , Wong Gary , Chinikar Sadegh , Hajivand Zahra , Mokhayeri Hamid , Nowotny Norbert , Kayedi Mohammad Hassan
Published: December 2020

Using molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools, we studied the vector-host interactions and the molecular epidemiology of West Nile virus (WNV) in western Iran. Mosquitoes were collected during 2017 and 2018. DNA typing assays were used to study vector-host interactions. Mosquitoes were screened by RT-PCR for the genomes of five virus families. WNV-positive samples were fully sequenced and evolutionary tree and molecular architecture were constructed by Geneious software and SWISS-MODEL workspace, respectively. A total of 5028 mosquito specimens were collected and identified. The most prevalent species was Culex (Cx.) pipiens complex (57.3%). Analysis of the blood-feeding preferences of blood-fed mosquitoes revealed six mammalian and one bird species as hosts. One mosquito pool containing non-blood-fed Cx. theileri and one blood-fed Culex pipiens pipiens (Cpp.) biotype pipiens were positive for WNV. A phylogram indicated that the obtained WNV sequences belonged to lineage 2, subclade 2 g. Several amino acid substitutions suspected as virulence markers were observed in the Iranian WNV strains. The three-dimensional structural homology model of the E-protein identified hot spot domains known to facilitate virus invasion and neurotropism. The recent detection of WNV lineage 2 in mosquitoes from several regions of Iran in consecutive years suggests that the virus is established in the country.
Diversity of Alien Macroinvertebrate Species in Serbian Waters
Authors: Zorić Katarina , Atanacković Ana , Tomović Jelena , Vasiljević Božica , Tubić Bojana , Paunović Momir
Published: December 2020

This article provides the first comprehensive list of alien macroinvertebrate species registered and/or established in aquatic ecosystems in Serbia as a potential threat to native biodiversity. The list comprised field investigations, articles, grey literature, and unpublished data. Twenty-nine species of macroinvertebrates have been recorded since 1942, with a domination of the Ponto-Caspian faunistic elements. The majority of recorded species have broad distribution and are naturalized in the waters of Serbia, while occasional or single findings of seven taxa indicate that these species have failed to form populations. Presented results clearly show that the Danube is the main corridor for the introduction and spread of non-native species into Serbia.
THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH AS AN OBJECT OF DESIGN INTERPRETATION (REGARDING OB UGRIC PEOPLE)
Authors: Simakova Yu. , Kravchuk S. , Garin N.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the study of the design application, namely practical use of the elements of the traditional culture of Ob Ugric people, that include scenic compositions of rites and rituals as well as contextual attributes and decorations (ornaments). The research goal is to formulate a method of design interpretation that provides for ethically and efficiently embedment of elements of traditional culture into the semantic and image-bearing field of contemporary multicultural reality. This method is expected to further address the challenge of the deliberate development of a new/hybrid culture in the studied region (and, in a broad sense, in the entire territory of the Russian North). The novelty of the research is the detailed exploration of structural elements of the chosen culture in combination with the synchronous selection of tools, such as concepts of social and human sciences, as well as the means of a design that include formal, spatial, social, economic, ecological and technological representations.

The basic methodology for analyzing research materials a systemic approach and structural elements of culture such as ornaments, rituals, and rituals were examined in a united figurative and semantic context. The combination of the methods of historical analysis and field ethnography allowed to identify the content and evolution of the studied phenomenon, as well as to consider individual cultural patterns and actions in real place and time.

The proposed method of interpretation includes two following logical steps of identification: (1) the non-changeable content of the cultural core, which provides an inherent connection with the environment where the given culture takes place, and (2) the outer layer (material shell) that is available for transformation/modernization. As a result, the proposed method is presented through, first, the theoretical principles of a proper design interpretation based on the existing examples of cultural borrowings (with the case of traditional ornaments); and second, an educational experiment of designing a new Northern culture through borrowing and interpreting the traditional festivity “The Crow’s Day,” with a potential implementation within the local tourism industry.

The final part describes the broad research relevance of the findings, along with the limitations and directions for further research.
Multidisciplinary Team versus a “Phosphate-Counting” App for Serum Phosphate Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Farfan-Ruiz Ana Cecilia , Czikk Daniel , Leidecker Julie , Ramsay Tim , McCormick Brendan , Wilson Kumanan , Zimmerman Deborah
Published: December 2020

Background

Hyperphosphatemia is almost universal in well-nourished patients with ESKD treated with dialysis due to an imbalance between dietary intake and phosphate removal via residual kidney function and dialysis. Although food phosphate content can vary dramatically between meals, the current standard is to prescribe a fixed dose of phosphate binder that may not match meal phosphate intake. The primary objective of our study was to determine if the use of an app that matches phosphate binder dose with food phosphate content would be associated with an improvement in serum phosphate and a reduction in calcium carbonate intake compared with the multidisciplinary renal team.

Methods

Eighty patients with ESKD treated with peritoneal dialysis at a tertiary care hospital in Canada were randomized to the standard of care for serum phosphate management (multidisciplinary renal team) versus the OkKidney app. Serum phosphate was measured at baseline and then monthly for 3 months with adjustments to phosphate management as deemed necessary by the multidisciplinary team (control) or the phosphate binder multiplier in the OkKidney app (intervention) on the basis of the laboratory values. The primary analysis was an unpaired t test of the serum phosphate at study completion.

Results

The participants were 56 (±14) years old, and 54% were men; the most common cause of ESKD was diabetes mellitus. The serum phosphate values were 1.96 (0.41) and 1.85 (0.44) mmol/L in the control and intervention groups, respectively, at the end of 3 months (P=0.30). The median elemental daily dose of calcium carbonate did not differ between the groups at study completion (587 mg [309–928] versus 799 mg [567–1183], P=0.29).

Conclusions

The OkKidney app was associated with similar but not superior serum phosphate control to the standard of care, which included renal dietician support.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

US National Library Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01643486
Kadın Bireylerde Besin Bağımlılığının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜZEL Sümeyye , KESER Alev
Published: December 2020

Giriş: Besin bağımlılığı; bireyler tarafından lezzetli kabul edilen ve yüksek enerji/yağ/şeker içeren besinlerin bağımlılık yapıcı etkilerinden dolayı aşırı yemeye neden olarak obezite etiyolojisinde rol oynayabileceği düşüncesi ile son yıllarda oldukça ilgi çeken bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, kadın bireylerde besin bağımlılığı görülme sıklığının belirlenmesi ve besin bağımlılığı ile antropometrik ölçümler ve biyokimyasal parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.

Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 19-64 yaş arası 106 gönüllü kadın birey katılmıştır. Kadınların vücut analizleri, segmental vücut analiz cihazı ile belirlenirken besin bağımlılığı durumu Yale Besin Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin %26.4’ünde besin bağımlılığı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin besin bağımlılığına sahip olma durumuna göre antropometrik ölçümleri ve biyokimyasal parametreleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken besin bağımlılığı olan kadınlarda fazla kilolu ve obez olma oranının, bel çevresi, bel/kalça oranı, toplam kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol ve trigliserit düzeyleri için riskin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte besin bağımlılığına sahip kadınların olmayanlara kıyasla daha sık fast-food tarzı besin ve şekerli içecek tükettikleri saptanmıştır (p
Identifying foreign firms and South African multinational enterprises: CIT-IRP5 panel v4.0
Authors: Kilumelume Michael , Reynolds Hayley , Ebrahim Amina
Published: December 2020

The identification of foreign firms and South African multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the CIT-IRP5 panel has proved to be a challenge for many researchers. The CIT-IRP5 panel contains variables indicating different thresholds that determine foreign ownership. The dataset also has variables that researchers can use to identify South African MNEs. Using the approaches employed by researchers who have attempted to identify foreign firms and South African MNEs in the data, four foreign firms and MNE indicators have been added to the CIT-IRP5 panel v4.0. This technical note documents the approach followed in the creation of each indicator. This note also highlights the possible company classifications in the data and fields on the ITR14 form that can be used to identify these classifications.
Doğu Karadeniz Havzası Akarsularındaki Su Kalitesinin Dağılışı ve Değerlendirilmesinin CBS (Coğrafik Bilgi Sistemleri) Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: VEREP Bülent , ÖZÇELİK Ali Erdem , YUKSEK Turan
Published: December 2020

Karadeniz, ülkemizle birlikte 6 farklı ülkenin kıyısının bulunduğu ve birçok ekolojik problemleri olan uluslararası nitelikte bir iç denizdir. En uzun kıyı şeridinin Türkiye sınırları içerisinde bulunan Karadeniz; deniz balıkları avcılığında ve Türkiye su ürünleri üretiminde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Hidrojen sülfür nedeniyle ortalama 150 m derinlikten sonra sucul yaşamın olmadığı Karadeniz’in tuzluluk oranı %o 17-18 oranında değişmektedir. Karadenizi besleyen akarsuların (örneğin: Tuna, Dinyeper, Dinyester, Çoruh, Doğu Karadeniz akarsuları, Yeşilırmak, Kızılırmak ve Sakarya, vb) su kalitesi onun Türkiye denizleri içerisinde en besleyici ve verimli deniz olmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz’i besleyen önemli su kaynaklarından olan Doğu Karadeniz Havzası yüzey sularının sucul yaşam ve sulama açısından kalitesinin ve dağılışının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu değerlendirme jeoistatistik yöntemler kullanılarak Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) destekli olarak gerçekleştirilen analizlere göre yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz havzasındaki 11 farklı akarsuyun yüzey sularına ait 17 fiziko-kimyasal su kalitesi parametresine ait aylık sonuçlar kullanılmıştır. Verilerin dağılışı ve haritalandırılması, ArcInfo/ArcMap10.0 paket programı destekli olarak CBS ortamında ve jeoistatiksel yöntemler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Araştırma sonuçlarına göre havza akarsularının yüzey su kalitesi açısından genel karakteristikleri ılıman, hafif alkali, düşük mineralli, yağışlı dönemlerde bulanık diğer dönemlerde ise düşük bulanıklığa sahip, havzanın doğu bölgelerindeki akarsular yumuşak su karakteri gösteriyorken batı kesimlerindeki akarsular orta sert, çok düşük düzeyde organik madde ihtiva eden, düşük sülfatlı, amonyum ve nitrat açısından yüksek kaliteli, nitrit açısından ise az kirlenmiş, düşük fosfat ve silikatlı bir su karakteri arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, diğer sahalar için yapılacak benzer çalışmalarda CBS tekniklerinin rahatlıkla kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Perbuatan Main Hakim Sendiri (Studi di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Resor Semarang Barat)
Authors: Rochmani Aprisylia Dwi Hapsari,
Published: December 2020

Perbuatan main hakim sendiri merupakan suatu pelanggaran yang masih sering terjadi di masyarakat sekitar kita. Hal tersebut melanggar ketentuan – ketentuan pasal 170 ayat (1) dan (2) KUHP, pasal 351 ayat (2) dan (3) KUHP, pasal 354 ayat (1) dan (2) KUHP. Pelanggaran terhadap perbuatan main hakim sendiri tidak dibenarkan karena seolah – olah masyarakat sebagai pelaku perbuatan main hakim sendiri mengabaikan proses hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia. Maka perlu adanya perlindungan bagi tersangka atau korban main hakim sendiri secara hukum walaupun ia sebagai pelaku tindak pidana. Hal tersebut bertujuan agar tercapainya keadilan dan proses hukum yang ada di Negara ini. Perumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah Apa Faktor – faktor penyebab terjadinya perbuatan main hakim sendiri, Bagaimana penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku perbuatan main hakim sendiri (Studi di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Resor Semarang Barat). Tipe penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara yuridis normatif. Spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua sumber sember data: data primer dan data skunder. Metode penyajian data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan cara deskriptif. Analisis yang di pergunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, Faktor – faktor penyebab terjadinya perbuatan main hakim sendiri yaitu rasa sepontan yang timbul dari sekelompok masyarakat yang bersumber dari faktor tekanan sosial, kurang kepercayaannya masyarakat terhadap aparat penegak hukum, kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat yang melakukan main hakim sendiri mengenai hukum dan masyarakat sibuk mengabadikan momen main hakim sendiri dengan ponsel ketimbang harus melerai. Penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku perbuatan main hakim sendiri (Studi di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Resor Semarang  Barat) dengan melakukan, mengatasi, dan meminimalisasi terjadinya perbuatan main hakim sendiri baik itu dari kebijakan  kebijakan penal (represif) sesuai pasal 27 ayat (1) UUD 1945, pasal 170 ayat (1) dan (2) KUHP, pasal 351 ayat (2) dan (3) KUHP, pasal 338 KUHP pasal 354 ayat (1) dan (2) maupun non penal (preventif) dilakukan dengan mengadakan penyuluhan pada masyarakat di daerah – daerah yang di anggap tempat maraknya kejadian main hakim sendiri dan melaksanakan patroli rutin.

 

Kata Kunci    : Faktor, Penegakan, Perbuatan Main Hakim Sendiri.
TINJAUAN KRIMINOLOGI TENTANG SEBAB-SEBAB ORANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN (Studi Putusan PN Demak No.115/Pid.Sus/Dmk 10 Agustus 2016).
Authors: Safik Faozi Ragil Wahyuningsih,
Published: December 2020

Terjadinya kejahatan disebabkan oleh adanya beberapa faktor yaitu biologi kriminal,psikologi kriminal, dan sosiologi kriminal. Padahal banyak faktor-faktor yang terkait seorang pelaku melakukan tindak pidana pencabulan atas dasar tersebut saya mengambil penelitian dengan judul : “ tinjauan kriminologi tentang sebab-sebab orang melakukan tindak pidana pencabulan (Studi Putusan Negeri Demak No.115.Pid.Sus/PN/Dmk 10 Agustus 2016)”. Dirumuskan sebagai berikut faktor-faktor apa yang menyebabkan orang melakukan tindak pidana pencabulan? Dan bagaimana tinjauan kriminologi terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pencabulan di Pengadilan Negeri Demak studi putusan pencabulan berdasarkan putusan Pengadilan Negeri Demak No.115.Pid.Sus/2016/PN/Dmk 10 Agustus 2016?. Penelitian tipe yuridis sosiologis, spesifikasi penelitian ini deskriptof analitis. Data analisis secara deskriptif kualitatif yang mempunyai tujuan menggambarkan secara tepat sifat-sifat, keadaan gejala-gejala dari suatu individu atau kelompok tertentu dapat diperoleh kesimpulan tahap akhir nanti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh : kesimpulan adanya faktor biologis,faktor psikologis,faktor sosiokultural. Faktor psikologi kriminal kondisi kejadian pelaku bisa ilihat dari cara melakukan,faktor sosiokultural dilihat dari kondisi ekonomi,perubahan status sosial masyarakat desa ke kota. Kejahatan yang berkaitan dengan psikologi kriminal,biologi kriminal,sosiokultural: Terpidana R berusia 46 tahun seacara biologi kriminal tersebut yang melakukan kejahatan seperti pencabulan, terpidana R berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Secara biologi kriminal tindak pidana pencabulan yang dilakukan laki-laki dari pada perempuan, terpidana R mempunyai keadaan jiwa yang normal yang secara psikologi mempunyai kemampuan bertanggung jawab terhadap tindak pidana yang dilakukan.

 

Kata Kunci : Kriminologi,Sebab-sebab Kejahatan, Tindak pidana Pencabulan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PENCIPTA LAGU PADA MEDIA INTERNET (Kajian Yuridis Sosiologis)
Authors: Adi Suliantoro Alfin Andrey Ryanto,
Published: December 2020

Permasalahan terkait ilegal downloading masih menjadi masalah bagi para pencipta lagu atau musisi di Indonesia. Dalam UUHC dan UU ITE juga telah diatur terkait perlindungan terhadap pelanggaran hak cipta melalui media internet, Pada kenyataanya, pemberlakuan UU tersebut kurang tegas. Berdasarkan penjelasan yang diberikan terhadap uraian diatas, maka penelitian ini diberi judul “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pencipta Lagu Pada Media Internet (Kajian Sosiologi Hukum).”

Perumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pencipta lagu pada media internet, bagaimana tanggung jawab pihak penyedia jasa Download Mp3 lagu gratis terhadap pelanggaran hak cipta melalui media internet terhadap pencipta lagu, Persepsi masyarakat terkait perlindungan terhadap lagu-lagu yang diedarkan di media internet.

Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis sosiologis. Spesifikasi penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif analitis. Metode penyajian data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara wawancara langsung dengan masyarakat atau mengisi kuisioner di internet. Analisis yang dipergunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah kualitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum pencipta lagu sudah otomatis dilindungi oleh UUHC, pemerintah juga sudah mengupayakan untuk pemblokiran situs download lagu ilegal tetapi realitanya masyarakat masih banyak mengunduh lagu ilegal pada media internet,Pertanggungjawaban situs penyedia jasa download lagu gratis, dalam perkembangan pelanggaran hak cipta melalui media internet biasanya dibebankan kepada Internet Service Provider (ISP) jika provider menyediakan fasilitas yang memungkinkan terjadinya pelanggaran hak cipta. Penyedia situs justru menjadi sebuah  penyimpangan, situs tersebut mengalihkan kedudukannya sebagai situs illegal menjadi situs legal dengan memposisikan diri mereka sebagai situs pencari lagu, penyedia lagu dalam hal tersebut telah bertentangan dengan Undang-undang. Persepsi masyarakat tentang individu yang melakukan download lagu hal yang salah karena melanggar UU Hak Cipta. Masyarakat sadar pelanggaran Hak Cipta, namun menurut fakta di lapangan masyarakat masih mendownload lagu tanpa izin. Perilaku ini dilakukan karena perlindungan lagu oleh Pemerintah kurang kuat. Belum ada sanksi yang tegas untuk penyedia lagu gratis di internet dan pengunduh lagu gratis di internet.

Kata Kunci     : Perlindungan UUHC,Download Lagu,Penyedia Jasa pada Media Internet
Sistema de costos como instrumento de control en la industria textil del Ecuador
Authors: Sinchi-Morocho Mónica Jacqueline , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Ormaza-Andrade Jorge Edwin
Published: December 2020

Los sistemas de costos son procedimientos que permiten evaluar los costos que están inmersos al obtener un producto final; en las empresas industriales este sistema es una herramienta que aporta significativamente al control de operaciones y toma de decisiones estratégicas; el estudio centra su objetivo en diseñar un sistema de costos ABC para el acertado y eficiente manejo de los recursos financieros en la industria textil. Con apoyo de un diseño no experimental con alcance descriptivo. Se desarrolló el escenario metodológico de la investigación. Los resultados determinaron que la empresa textil carece de un sistema contable eficiente que permita determinar de manera precisa los componentes del costo y la aplicación de los inductores por actividad; en consecuencia, se plantea un sistema de costos basado en actividades como instrumento para un adecuado registro contable y así determinar actividades, recursos y costos empleados en la producción.
Retos educativos y uso del Puzzles en el área de inglés en Básica Elemental
Authors: Álvarez-Calle Deysi Maricela , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Castro-Salazar Ana Zulema , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

El objetivo fue mejorar el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje a través del uso de Puzzle en la asignatura inglés en educación básica, en la Unidad Educativa “Luis Cordero” de la ciudad de Azogues. Se trabajó con intervención de pre – test y post – test, aplicado a niños y niñas de cuarto grado. Los resultados obtenidos y que fueron contrastados a través del instrumento estadístico SPSS, en pruebas paramétricas que sometidas a la validación T-Student, dieron índices que permitieron probar que, a mayor uso de Puzzle mejora el aprendizaje en el área de inglés en básica elemental. Se demuestra que la aplicación de estrategias didácticas, como el trabajo colaborativo permite mejorar el rendimiento académico y el proceso de aprendizaje en los niños y niñas, transformándolos en sujetos participativos, creativos, solidarios, idóneos para trabajar en equipo de forma eficaz y eficiente.
Presupuesto de operación y su incidencia en la toma de decisiones gerenciales en empresas manufactureras
Authors: Santillán-Yuqui Carolina Rocio , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Ormaza-Andrade Jorge Edwin
Published: December 2020

En el siglo XXI, las organizaciones fabriles tienen que hacer uso de una apropiada planificación, que conduzca al cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados y una adecuada toma de decisiones, por lo cual es imperante el uso de una herramienta que beneficie este cometido, como lo es el Presupuesto de Operaciones. Con base a los planteamientos efectuados, el objetivo de la investigación es elaborar una guía presupuestaria de costos operativos en las empresas del sector manufacturero. La metodología que se utilizó fue descriptiva con diseño no experimental. Los principales resultados obtenidos evidencian la existencia de problemas significativos al momento de elaborar el presupuesto operativo; por tal razón se pretende que la indagación científica sirva de guía para la confección de un instrumento presupuestario, como aporte al conocimiento, para determinar los diferentes planes de acción en materia contable, de producción y operaciones.
Estrategias lúdicas para desarrollar la lecto-escritura mediante la plataforma Liveworksheets
Authors: Patiño-Quizhpi Diana Alexandra , Álvarez-Lozano María Isabel , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

La investigación tuvo por objeto determinar como el uso de la plataforma Liveworksheets permitió desarrollar las destrezas de lectura y escritura en estudiantes de cuarto grado de la Unidad Educativa “Luis Cordero” de la ciudad de Azogues. Es un estudio experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en dos intervenciones pre – test y post – test a través de la técnica de la observación con el instrumento ficha de observación. Los resultados obtenidos manifiestan cambios importantes en el desarrollo de la destreza de lectoescritura en la asignatura Lengua y Literatura, lo que es corroborado en el análisis realizado con el instrumento estadístico SPSS que lleva a verificar la validez de la hipótesis planteada al inicio a través de la prueba T-Student, confirmando que el uso de la plataforma mejora el desarrollo de una destreza importante en el proceso de enseñanza para los niños y niñas en sus primeros años de educación.
Árbol ABC como herramienta lúdica para desarrollar la lectoescritura en niños del sector rural
Authors: Saldaña-Guillcatanda Carmen Cecilia , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Mena-Clerque Sandra Elizabeth , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar de qué manera el portal educativo Árbol ABC contribuye en el desarrollo de la lectoescritura en niños del sector rural, de la Unidad Educativa San Gabriel de Chaucha; es de tipo experimental, con un enfoque epistemológico cualitativo y cuantitativo, de cohorte longitudinal, utilizando un pre y pos test para observar su cambio, misma en la que se pudo constatar un avance progresivo en el desarrollo de la lectoescritura, en base a la percepción y razonamiento, presentado un bajo porcentaje en el desenvolvimiento autónomo del estudiante al tener un nivel medio en el manejo de la herramienta. Se puede afirmar que el portal educativo Árbol ABC contribuye de manera efectiva al desarrollo de aprendizajes significativos en el estudiante mejorando su nivel académico y calidad educativa.
Análisis típico del delito de colusión y su tratamiento jurisprudencial.
Authors: Bendezú Barnuevo Rocci
Published: December 2020

El delito de colusión desleal, se concreta al convenir maliciosamente el funcionario público y el interesado en las contrataciones a su cargo (acuerdo colusorio), defraudando al Estado, y causándole un perjuicio a éste. Dentro de los elementos conformadores del tipo penal figuran el acuerdo colusorio, la defraudación causada al Estado y las diversas modalidades contractuales. El delito de colusión, es un tipo penal especial propio y de resultado material, es un delito especial propio, porque el tipo penal sólo puede realizarlo excluyentemente una persona cualificada, esto es un funcionario público quien además deberá estar vinculado funcionalmente con la contratación estatal; y es un delito de resultado material, pues no sólo basta la mera concertación sino que es preciso la materialización de la defraudación a los intereses patrimoniales del Estado.
Modeling the Long-Run Learning Impact of the COVID-19 Learning Shock: Actions to (More Than) Mitigate Loss
Authors: Kaffenberger Michelle
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced 1.7 billion children out of school temporarily. While many education systems are attempting varying degrees of remote learning, it is widely accepted that the closures will produce substantial losses in learning (World Bank, 2020; Kuhfeld et al., 2020). However, the real concern is not just that a few months of learning will be lost in the short run, but that these losses will accumulate into large and permanent learning losses as many children fall behind during school closures and never catch up. This note uses a calibrated model with a “pedagogical production function” (Kaffenberger and Pritchett, 2020) to estimate the potential long-term losses to children’s learning from the temporary shock of school closures. The model shows that without mitigation, children could lose more than a year’s worth of learning even from a three-month school closure as the short-term losses continue to compound after children return to school. Turning to mitigation strategies, the note examines the long-term effects of two strategies, finding that with some mitigation efforts education systems could come back from the crisis stronger than before.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOOD SECURITY DIMENSIONS ON FOOD SECURITY IN LANDLOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Abdul Manap Nur Marina
Published: December 2020

Food security is an important issue that has been discussed all over the world. Achievement in food security is based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO policy) and depends on four important indicators known as availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability. This paper examines the effectiveness of the food security dimension on food security in Landlocked Developing Countries. The static panel data was adopted using a fixed-effect model to measure the effectiveness of food security dimensions on DES. The findings of this study showed that food security dimensions played a very important role in affecting the DES in landlocked developing countries. An increase in food availability, food accessibility, food utilization, and food stability were found to positively impact food security achievement in Landlocked developing countries.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF GOOD PRACTICES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER REDEPLOYMENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ismail Nor Hisham , Yusof Hamidah , Musa Khalip
Published: December 2020

The quality of English teachers in schools is one of the contributing factors in students’ proficiency in the language. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore and develop teacher redeployment good practices. The needs analysis of this study discovered the themes of redeployment good practices. This study used the triangulation method in collecting information from interviews, observation, and document analysis. Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was adopted to develop good practices of teacher redeployment policy implementation based on the consensus of experts. There were six themes constructed and 42 sub items supported the themes to develop the redeployment policy implementation best practices priority list. 15 panel of experts responded to Five-Likert linguistic scale survey questionnaires. The threshold value (d) must exceed 75% to verify the experts’ consensus, while the alpha-cut value > 0.5 was used to select the items. This study showed a high consensus agreement among the experts for themes with (d) values at 85.7% in terms of the Teacher Selection Based on Professional Background (Amax = 0.79), Interventions (Amax = 0.78), Teacher Readiness (Amax = 0.77), Implementation of The Guidelines (Amax = 0.77), Teacher Selection Based on Personal Background (Amax = 0.77), the Enforcement of Policy Implementation (Amax = 0.74) and all values exceeded the minimum of 0.60. Therefore, based on the findings, the implication of the study recommends the policymakers to review the current redeployment guidelines so that it can support the efforts to minimize mismatch of English teachers in terms of the location and option thus will improve the management of the policy implementation.