bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS
Authors: ALI MUHAMMAD ASLAM , BARMAN SANJIT CHANDRA , ISLAM KHAN MD. ASHRAFUL , KHAN MD. BADIUZZAMAN , JAHAN HIYA HAFSA
Published: October 2021

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4emissions as well as yield scaled CH4emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.
Leveraging Automatic High-Level Synthesis Resource Sharing to Maximize Dynamical Voltage Overscaling with Error Control
Authors: Chowdhury Prattay , Schafer Benjamin Carrion
Published: November 2021

Approximate Computing has emerged as an alternative way to further reduce the power consumption of integrated circuits (ICs) by trading off errors at the output with simpler, more efficient logic. So far the main approaches in approximate computing have been to simplify the hardware circuit by pruning the circuit until the maximum error threshold is met. One of the critical issues, though, is the training data used to prune the circuit. The output error can significantly exceed the maximum error if the final workload does not match the training data. Thus, most previous work typically assumes that training data matches with the workload data distribution. In this work, we present a method that dynamically overscales the supply voltage based on different workload distribution at runtime. This allows to adaptively select the supply voltage that leads to the largest power savings while ensuring that the error will never exceed the maximum error threshold. This approach also allows restoring of the original error-free circuit if no matching workload distribution is found. The proposed method also leverages the ability of High-Level Synthesis (HLS) to automatically generate circuits with different properties by setting different synthesis constraints to maximize the available timing slack and, hence, maximize the power savings. Experimental results show that our proposed method works very well, saving on average 47.08% of power as compared to the exact output circuit and 20.25% more than a traditional approximation method.
Distance-aware Approximate Nanophotonic Interconnect
Authors: Lee Jaechul , Killian Cédric , Le Beux Sebastien , Chillet Daniel
Published: November 2021

The energy consumption of manycore architectures is dominated by data movement, which calls for energy-efficient and high-bandwidth interconnects. To overcome the bandwidth limitation of electrical interconnects, integrated optics appear as a promising technology. However, it suffers from high power overhead related to low laser efficiency, which calls for the use of techniques and methods to improve its energy costs. Besides, approximate computing is emerging as an efficient method to reduce energy consumption and improve execution speed of embedded computing systems. It relies on allowing accuracy reduction on data at the cost of tolerable application output error. In this context, the work presented in this article exploits both features by defining approximate communications for error-tolerant applications. We propose a method to design realistic and scalable nanophotonic interconnect supporting approximate data transmission and power adaption according to the communication distance to improve the energy efficiency. For this purpose, the data can be sent by mixing low optical power signal and truncation for the Least Significant Bits (LSB) of the floating-point numbers, while the overall power is adapted according to the communication distance. We define two ranges of communications, short and long, which require only four power levels. This reduces area and power overhead to control the laser output power. A transmission model allows estimating the laser power according to the targeted BER and the number of truncated bits, while the optical network interface allows configuring, at runtime, the number of approximated and truncated bits and the laser output powers. We explore the energy efficiency provided by each communication scheme, and we investigate the error resilience of the benchmarks over several approximation and truncation schemes. The simulation results of ApproxBench applications show that, compared to an interconnect involving only robust communications, approximations in the optical transmission led to up to 53% laser power reduction with a limited degradation at the application level with less than 9% of output error. Finally, we show that our solution is scalable and leads to 10% reduction in the total energy consumption, 35× reduction in the laser driver size, and 10× reduction in the laser controller compared to state-of-the-art solution.
Towards Fine-Grained Online Adaptive Approximation Control for Dense SLAM on Embedded GPUs
Authors: Bu Tiancong , Yan Kaige , Tan Jingweijia
Published: November 2021

Dense SLAM is an important application on an embedded environment. However, embedded platforms usually fail to provide enough computation resources for high-accuracy real-time dense SLAM, even with high-parallelism architecture such as GPUs. To tackle this problem, one solution is to design proper approximation techniques for dense SLAM on embedded GPUs. In this work, we propose two novel approximation techniques, critical data identification and redundant branch elimination. We also analyze the error characteristics of the other two techniques—loop skipping and thread approximation. Then, we propose SLaPP, an online adaptive approximation controller, which aims to control the error to be under an acceptable threshold. The evaluation shows SLaPP can achieve 2.0× performance speedup and 30% energy saving on average compared to the case without approximation.
Modification of NiCo-S with Phytate for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Wang Yinling , Ma Nannan , Fan Mingli , Tang Wujian
Published: November 2021

Transition metal phosphides (TMP) are excellent non-precious metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The generation of PO4
3− before and during the HER process may be inevitable due to the instability of TMP. To investigate the effect of PO4
3− on the HER catalytic activity of electrocatalysts in alkaline medium, NiCo-S nanotubes were modified with phytate (PHY) with six phosphate groups via adsorption. The successful modification was verified by zeta potential, FT-IR, element mapping, XPS, etc The NiCo-S/PHY displayed a higher HER activity than original NiCo-S. Under the optimum adsorption time (7 h), the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 (η
10) of NiCo-S/PHY (173 mV) was only half that of the original NiCo-S (346 mV). The role of PO4
3− was discussed in detail. Moreover, this strategy was extended to NiCo-S grown directly on nickel foam (NiCo-S/NF) and the corresponding NiCo-S/PHY/NF also showed superior HER activity and good stability. This work provides a new strategy to improve the HER activity of electrocatalysts and also a novel perspective for the HER mechanism of TMP.
Different Tidal Volumes May Jeopardize Pulmonary Redox and Inflammatory Status in Healthy Rats Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Cândido Leandro da Silva , de Matos Natália Alves , Castro Thalles de Freitas , de Paula Laisy Cristina , dos Santos Aline Maria , Costa Guilherme de Paula , Talvani André , Cangussú Silvia Dantas , Zin Walter Araujo , Bezerra Frank Silva
Published: October 2021

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is essential for the treatment of critical patients since it may provide a desired gas exchange. However, MV itself can trigger ventilator‐associated lung injury in patients. We hypothesized that the mechanisms of lung injury through redox imbalance might also be associated with pulmonary inflammatory status, which has not been so far described. We tested it by delivering different tidal volumes to normal lungs undergoing MV. Healthy Wistar rats were divided into spontaneously breathing animals (control group, CG), and rats were submitted to MV (controlled ventilation mode) with tidal volumes of 4 mL/kg (MVG4), 8 mL/kg (MVG8), or 12 mL/kg (MVG12), zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP), and normoxia (FiO2 = 21%) for 1 hour. After ventilation and euthanasia, arterial blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lungs were collected for subsequent analysis. MVG12 presented lower PaCO2 and bicarbonate content in the arterial blood than CG, MVG4, and MVG8. Neutrophil influx in BALF and MPO activity in lung tissue homogenate were significantly higher in MVG12 than in CG. The levels of CCL5, TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐6 in lung tissue homogenate were higher in MVG12 than in CG and MVG4. In the lung parenchyma, the lipid peroxidation was more important in MVG12 than in CG, MVG4, and MVG8, while there was more protein oxidation in MVG12 than in CG and MVG4. The stereological analysis confirmed the histological pulmonary changes in MVG12. The association of controlled mode ventilation and high tidal volume, without PEEP and normoxia, impaired pulmonary histoarchitecture and triggered redox imbalance and lung inflammation in healthy adult rats.
A New Cooperative and Distributed Antenna Structure in Massive MIMO‐NOMA Based on mmWave Transmission Scheme
Authors: Salehi Pouria , Parhizgar Naser , Pesaran Farshad
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose a new massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with a cooperative and distributed antenna structure based on a millimeter‐wave (mmWave) transmission system. We proposed this method to obtain high energy efficiency (EE) and spectrum efficiency (SE) by using the mmWave transmission scheme. In the proposed system, the user selects a few nearby base stations (BS) to create a virtual cell to own the serving BS antenna set. We concentrate on the mmWave massive MIMO‐NOMA scheme. In this scheme, a large number of BS antennas and users by uniform distributions (UD) are considered in a specific area. Also, we combine our proposed method by interleaving division multiple access (IDMA) and utilize the IMDA benefits for high‐rate applications. The proposed transmission scheme significantly improves the performance output in terms of SE, EE, sum rate, and log sum rate, according to our simulation results.
Lacunary
ℐ
-Invariant Convergence of Sequence of Sets in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Huban Mualla Birgül
Published: November 2021

The concepts of invariant convergence, invariant statistical convergence, lacunary invariant convergence, and lacunary invariant statistical convergence for set sequences were introduced by Pancaroğlu and Nuray (2013). We know that ideal convergence is more general than statistical convergence for sequences. This has motivated us to study the lacunary

ℐ

-invariant convergence of sequence of sets in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces (briefly, IFMS). In this study, we examine the notions of lacunary

ℐ

-invariant convergence

W

ℐ

σ
θ

η
,
ν

(Wijsman sense), lacunary

ℐ

∗

-invariant convergence

W

ℐ

σ
θ

∗

η
,
ν

(Wijsman sense), and

q

-strongly lacunary invariant convergence

W

N

σ
θ

η
,
ν

q

(Wijsman sense) of sequences of sets in IFMS. Also, we give the relationships among Wijsman lacunary invariant convergence,

W

N

σ
θ

η
,
ν

q

,

W

ℐ

σ
θ

η
,
ν

, and

W

ℐ

σ
θ

∗

η
,
ν

in IFMS. Furthermore, we define the concepts of

W

ℐ

σ
θ

η
,
ν

-Cauchy sequence and

W

ℐ

σ
θ

∗

η
,
ν

-Cauchy sequence of sets in IFMS. Furthermore, we obtain some features of the new type of convergences in IFMS.
Improved Byzantine Fault‐Tolerant Algorithm Based on Alliance Chain
Authors: Gao Wuqi , Mu Wubin , Huang Shanshan , Wang Man , Li Xiaoyan
Published: October 2021

Alliance chain is a typical multicenter block chain and is easily implemented, so it is supported by more and more enterprises and governments. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) in the alliance chain application scene. Aiming at the low efficiency of multinode consensus of the PBFT algorithm, the C‐Raft‐PBFT consensus algorithm is proposed. By integrating the Raft algorithm and the PBFT algorithm with the credit mechanism, designing node credit evaluation and grading protocols, and increasing Byzantine node detection based on feedback mechanism and other methods, the system efficiency is improved. The experiment results show that the improved algorithm has better throughput and lower delay, and the system’s fault tolerance is also improved. Among them, the delay is reduced by 1.93 seconds on average; in the case of an increase in system nodes, the number of nodes in the experimental data is between 200 and 225, and the throughput is increased by 6.46% on average.
Vaccine-Associated Disease Enhancement (VADE): Considerations in Postvaccination COVID-19
Authors: Tunjungputri Rahajeng N. , Tetrasiwi Erpryta Nurdia , Veronica Merlinda , Pandelaki Jacub , Ibrahim Fera , Nelwan Erni Juwita
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a new phase with the roll-out of several vaccines worldwide at an accelerated phase. The occurrence of a more severe presentation of COVID-19 after vaccination may affect policymakers’ decision-making and vaccine uptake by the public. Vaccine-associated disease enhancement (VADE) is the modified presentation of infections in individuals after having received a prior vaccination. Currently, little is known about the potential of vaccine-associated disease enhancement (VADE) following COVID-19 immunization. Case Illustration. We herewith report two patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia with a history of CoronaVac vaccination. The first patient with a relatively milder course of the disease had received two doses of CoronaVac, whereas the second patient with a more progressive course of the disease received only one dose before developing symptoms and being admitted to the hospital. Our observations suggest that vaccination could act in boosting the inflammatory process and reveal the previously asymptomatic COVID-19 illness. Theoretically, vaccines could induce VADE, where only suboptimal, nonprotective titers of neutralizing antibodies were produced or proinflammatory T-helper type 2 response was induced. Secondly, enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) could manifest, where pulmonary symptoms are more severe due to peribronchial monocytic and eosinophilic infiltration. Understanding VADE is important for the decision-making by the public, clinicians, and policymakers and is warranted for successful vaccination uptake. Conclusion. We report two cases of patients developing COVID-19 shortly after CoronaVac vaccination in which VADE is likely. We recommend that current vaccination strategies consider the measurement of neutralizing antibody titer as a guide in ensuring the safest strategy for mass immunization. Studies are needed to investigate the true incidence of VADE on vaccinated individuals as well as on how to differentiate between VADE and severe manifestations of COVID-19 that are unrelated to vaccination.
8-Azaadenosine and 8-Chloroadenosine are not Selective Inhibitors of ADAR
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Soto-Torres Luisangely , Dizon Michael G. , Weber Jason D.
Published: November 2021

The RNA editing enzyme ADAR is an attractive therapeutic target for multiple cancers. Through its deaminase activity, ADAR edits adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNAs. Loss of ADAR in some cancer cell lines causes activation of the type I IFN pathway and the PKR translational repressor, leading to inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of cell death. As such, inhibition of ADAR function is a viable therapeutic strategy for many cancers. However, there are no FDA-approved inhibitors of ADAR. Two small molecules have been previously shown to inhibit ADAR or reduce its expression: 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine. Here we show that neither molecule is a selective inhibitor of ADAR. Both 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine show similar toxicity to ADAR-dependent and -independent cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the toxicity of both small molecules is comparable between cell lines with either knockdown or overexpression of ADAR, and cells with unperturbed ADAR expression. Treatment with neither molecule causes activation of PKR. Finally, treatment with either molecule has no effect on A-to-I editing of multiple ADAR substrates. Together, these data show that 8-azaadenosine and 8-chloroadenosine are not suitable small molecules for therapies that require selective inhibition of ADAR, and neither should be used in preclinical studies as ADAR inhibitors.

Significance:

ADAR is a good therapeutic target for multiple cancers; neither 8-chloroadenosine nor 8-azaadenosine are selective inhibitors of ADAR.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ В СИСТЕМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ПРОГРАМ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПАРАМЕДИКІВ НА КАФЕДРІ ПСИХІАТРІЇ, НАРКОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕДИЧНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Венгер О. П. , Мисула Ю. І. , Смашна О. Є. , Сас Л. М. , Білоус В. С. , Люта О. О. , Іваніцька Т. І. , Гусєва Т. П. , Коваль М. Є. , Пастушак В. О.
Published: November 2021

Мета: висвітлити основні засади освітньо-професійної програми підготовки для студентів-парамедиків, що викладають на кафедрі.

Матеріали і методи. У ході виконання дослідження використано бібліографічний метод та метод структурно-логічного аналізу. Методичною основою дослідження став системний підхід.

Результати. У статті проаналізовано навчальні програми «Основи загальної психології та психології кризових станів» та «Екстрена психіатрична допомога», що впроваджували на базі кафедри з початку 2018 навчального року. Висвітлено нові аспекти вивчення навчальних дисциплін, актуальних для майбутніх парамедиків. Визначено, що протягом періоду навчання на кафедрі студенти мають можливість повною мірою відпрацювати в індивідуальному порядку практичні навички у наданні психологічної допомоги, спробувати свої сили в командній роботі та отримати зво­ротний зв’язок від викладачів. Дані методи симуляційного навчання критично необ­хідні для вироблення вміння взаємодіяти один з одним, встановлювати контакти з пацієнтом, чітко діяти в надзвичайних ситуаціях та прогнозувати можливі реакції пацієнтів у стресових ситуаціях.

Висновки. Розроблені на кафедрі психіатрії, наркології та медичної психології програ­ми підготовки активно сприяють розвитку клінічного мислення майбутнього фахівця-парамедика, дають необхідні знання, алгоритми дій, тренують оперативно діяти у критичній ситуації та надавати якісну психологічну допомогу.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРИМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНОГО ПЕРІОДУ В ЖІНОК ЗАХОДУ УКРАЇНИ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД МІСЦЯ ПРОЖИВАННЯ
Authors: Козак Х. В.
Published: November 2021

Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості функціонування репродуктивної системи жінок перименопаузального періоду на територіях дослідження залежно від місця їх проживання та із врахуванням акушерського, гінекологічного анамнезу.

Матеріали і методи. У проспективне дослідження було залучено 138 жінок у перименопаузальному періоді життя (жителі міст (n=112) та сіл (n=26)), які комплексно клінічно обстежені на наявність гінекологічної, екстрагенітальної патології та вміст вітаміну D у сироватці крові.

Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Жінки перименопаузального періоду мали впродовж життя анамнестично визначені обтяжуючі чинники (алергічні реакції, захворювання грудних залоз у минулому, ускладнений анамнез щодо репродуктивної функції). Середній рівень вітаміну D у сироватках крові жінок загальної групи не відповідав достатньому рівню (26,34±0,93) та був дещо вищий у середньому в групі жінок, які проживали в місті (27±1,04), та нижчий відповідного показника у жительок сіл (23,52±1,97). Середній показник кількості вагітностей переважав у групі сільського населення, кількість завмерлих вагітностей була достовірно більша у жінок із міста (р≤0,01). Лише у (12,32±2,8) % жінок при зверненні були відсутні гінекологічні захворювання. Спектр гінекологічних уражень у пацієнток був представлений 22 синдромами. Достовірної різниці проаналізованих показників у групах порівняння залежно від місця проживання жінок не встановлено (р≤0,01). За результатами обстежень у динаміці достовірно частіше у жінок сільської місцевості виявляли гіперполіменорею (р=0,04), уретероцеле, ректоцеле (р=0,04), незапальні хвороби жіночих статевих органів (р=0,04). Різниці у спектрі іншої підтвердженої гінекологічної патології, скарг у групах жінок за місцем проживання не встановлено (р≥0,05). Дані результатів гормональних досліджень показали дисбаланс гормонального статусу в жінок перименопаузального періоду та наявність у них ризиків формування низки патологічних станів, що асоційовані із інсулінорезистентністю.

Висновки. Представлені сучасні дані щодо особливостей перебігу перименопаузального періоду в жінок досліджуваної групи підтвердили необхідність індивідуалізованого ведення пацієнток із врахуванням їх акушерського, гінекологічного анамнезу та місця проживання.
МЕДИЧНІ ФОНДИ ЯК СТРУКТУРА БЛАГОДІЙНИЦТВА В НЕЗАЛЕЖНІЙ УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Завулічна І. І.
Published: November 2021

Анотація. У статті здійснено аналіз та подано оцінку благодійності медичних фондів періоду незалежної України, які своєю діяльністю акцентували увагу на доброчинності, допомозі, підтримці та інших питаннях медицини.

Проаналізовано мету створення медичних благодійних фондів, яка полягала у цілеспрямованості на медичну соціальну допомогу, захист людини, наукове вдосконалення лікарів, поширення медичних знань, надання допомоги тим, хто її потребує.

На особливу увагу заслуговують благодійні фонди, які відіграли важливу роль у розвитку і започаткованості нових галузей допомоги, реалізації програм, зокрема Всеукраїнський благодійний фонд «Крона», Міжнародний благодійний фонд «Україна 3000», Всеукраїнський благодійний фонд «Серце до серця», Благодійний фонд «КРАН», Всеукраїнський благодійний фонд «Дитячий світ», Міжнародний благодійний фонд «Здоровʼя українського народу», Благодійний фонд «Твоя опора», Український фонд благодійності «Мрію жити», Товариство Червоного Хреста України, Благодійний фонд «Мати Тереза».

Резюмуючи, можна сказати, що діяльність медичних фондів серед інших форм доброчинності в незалежній Україні стала невід’ємною складовою системи доброчинності у сфері медицини.

Мета цієї статті полягає власне у визначенні місця благодійності медичних фондів у незалежній Україні.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО СПІЛКУВАННЯ ПРИ ДІАГНОСТУВАННІ ПСИХІЧНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
Authors: Василюк В. М.
Published: November 2021

Анотація. Діагностичний процес психічних захворювань відрізняється від такого в інших клініках. Різниця полягає в тому, що хворі з психопатологічними розладами можуть спотворювати, приховувати свої окремі скарги, переживання і вимагають консультацій терапевта, невропатолога і за показаннями інших фахівців. Основні скарги групуються в симптоми, синдроми, включаючи результати об’єктивного обстеження, анамнез хвороби, життя, динаміку розвитку захворювання.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТАКСОНОМІЇ В УДОСКОНАЛЕННІ КОНТЕНТУ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Мінцер О. П. , Попова М. А. , Ладичук О. К. , Кошова С. П.
Published: November 2021

Стаття присвячена вирішенню проблеми представлення медичних знань у процесі вдосконалення контенту після- дипломного навчання для зменшення когнітивного навантаження. Розглянуто види когнітивного навантаження та шляхи його зменшення. Запропоновано використання таксономізації природномовних текстів в якості підходу до структуризації медичної інформації та онтології для інтегрованого подання агрегованих інформаційних ресурсів у процесі навчання. Наведено приклад використання онтології як ефективного засобу зменшення когнітивного на- вантаження.
Geografia do cangaço: concepções conceituais para pensar o banditismo sertanejo
Authors: Costa Ana Paula Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

Este artigo parte de algumas proposições suscitadas ao longo da pesquisa de mestrado objetivando discorrer ideias a respeito do conceito de banditismo social elaborado por Eric Hobsbawm e a costumeira aplicação desse conceito em alguns trabalhos para caracterizar o movimento do cangaço, padronizando, dessa forma, lugares, paisagens e sujeitos sem levar em consideração as implicações ao homogeneizar movimento do cangaço como banditismo social, transferindo, assim, a teoria para conceituar diferentes movimentos sociais e culturais. Pensando nessa discussão, ponderam-se observações de cunho histórico-cultural para a existência de bandos de cangaceiros no sertão nordestino, pontuando as relações que permeavam a sociedade sertaneja da época, correlacionando às questões de honra, valentia e cabra-macho, agregada à conexão de vivência no ambiente da caatinga, que constituiu uma geografia do cangaço, presente no contexto cultural do sujeito sertanejo nordestino com o meio ambiente a partir dos saberes populares que garantiam aos cangaceiros a vivência e a sobrevivência como nômades. A base cultural de vivência sertaneja nordestina, constituída por meio da relação do código moral sertanejo da não desmoralização, culminou, na visão dos sujeitos sertanejos nordestinos, o reconhecimento de uma geografia do cangaço desenvolvida pela atuação dos bandos de cangaceiros que asseguram, até hoje, narrativas, quer sejam de admiração ou de aversão aos bandidos/cangaceiros, atribuindo, sobretudo, um lugar de destaque após episódios de mortes trágicas sofridas por alguns cangaceiros.
Paisagem socioambiental coletiva: experiências ecosóficas com mulheres rurais
Authors: Röhrs Viviane , Mazzarino Jane Márcia
Published: October 2021

O objetivo do estudo é investigar alterações nas relações das mulheres rurais com a paisagem socioambiental por meio de metodologias de caráter participativo, provocadoras de experiências, a fim de analisar a emergência de uma paisagem socioambiental ecosófica coletiva. Utilizou-se como método a pesquisa-intervenção, apoiada em estudos bibliográfico, documental e de campo. A pesquisa de campo compreendeu vivências junto à natureza e entrevistas individuais e grupais, além da observação direta. Como resultados evidenciamos a emergência de paisagens socioambientais individuais e coletivas mediadas pelas três ecologias propostas pela perspectiva ecosófica. As vivências fortaleceram as relações das mulheres rurais consigo mesmas, com o ambiente onde vivem e com as pessoas que convivem.
Relação entre ponto de ruptura e padrão morfométrico em deslizamentos, bacia hidrográfica do Rio Rolante - RS
Authors: Riffel Eduardo Samuel , Guasselli Laurindo Antonio , Ruiz Luis Fernando Chimelo , Gameiro Samuel
Published: October 2021

Grande parte dos deslizamentos no Brasil são relacionados a eventos pluviométricos extremos, ao tipo e espessura de solo e às características do relevo, e frequentemente causam perdas sociais e danos econômicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre pontos de ruptura (coroa) e parâmetros morfométricos de deslizamentos, relativos a um evento hidrometeorológico extremo, na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Rolante - RS. A partir de imagens SRTM 30m, foram obtidos dados de declividade, elevação, curvatura horizontal e vertical e aspecto. Com base no mapeamento foram obtidos 143 pontos de ruptura em cicatrizes de deslizamentos. Utilizando agrupamento K-means foram identificados padrões morfométricos relacionados aos pontos de ruptura, e gerados perfis de vertentes. Os resultados mostram 4 tipos de vertentes na bacia do rio Rolante, com ocorrência de processos de deslizamentos. Perfis côncavos e convergentes tiveram menor ocorrência, e perfis convexos e divergentes apresentaram maior ocorrência. Com base nas médias dos principais agrupamentos de clusters, a declividade e as curvaturas tiveram a maior importância em relação à localização das rupturas na vertente, e foram importantes condicionantes de suscetibilidade aos deslizamentos. As médias dos agrupamentos ocorreram acima de 30º de declividade no agrupamento com 4 clusters, que foi o mais representativo.
2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Lichtenstein Alice H. , Appel Lawrence J. , Vadiveloo Maya , Hu Frank B. , Kris-Etherton Penny M. , Rebholz Casey M. , Sacks Frank M. , Thorndike Anne N. , Van Horn Linda , Wylie-Rosett Judith ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Stroke Council
Published: November 2021

Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed. Challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns include targeted marketing of unhealthy foods, neighborhood segregation, food and nutrition insecurity, and structural racism. Creating an environment that facilitates, rather than impedes, adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns among all individuals is a public health imperative.
SNPs for Genes Encoding the Mitochondrial Proteins Sirtuin3 and Uncoupling Protein 2 Are Associated With Disease Severity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Outcomes in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and This Is Recapitulated in a New Mouse Model Lacking Both Genes
Authors: Zhang Yongneng , Zervopoulos Sotirios D. , Boukouris Aristeidis E. , Lorenzana‐Carrillo Maria Areli , Saleme Bruno , Webster Linda , Liu Yongsheng , Haromy Alois , Tabatabaei Dakhili Seyed Amirhossein , Ussher John R. , Sutendra Gopinath , Michelakis Evangelos D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Isolated loss‐of‐function single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for
SIRT3
(a mitochondrial deacetylase) and
UCP2
(an atypical uncoupling protein enabling mitochondrial calcium entry) have been associated with both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and insulin resistance, but their collective role in animal models and patients is unknown.

Methods and Results

In a prospective cohort of patients with PAH (n=60), we measured SNPs for both
SIRT3
and
UCP2,
along with several clinical features (including invasive hemodynamic data) and outcomes. We found
SIRT3
and
UCP2
SNPs often both in the same patient in a homozygous or heterozygous manner, correlating positively with PAH severity and associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes and 10‐year outcomes (death and transplantation). To explore this mechanistically, we generated double knockout mice for
Sirt3
and
Ucp2
and found increasing severity of PAH (mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy/dilatation and extensive vascular remodeling, including inflammatory plexogenic lesions, in a gene dose‐dependent manner), along with insulin resistance, compared with wild‐type mice. The suppressed mitochondrial function (decreased respiration, increased mitochondrial membrane potential) in the double knockout pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells was associated with apoptosis resistance and increased proliferation, compared with wild‐type mice.

Conclusions

Our work supports the metabolic theory of PAH and shows that these mice exhibit spontaneous severe PAH (without environmental or chemical triggers) that mimics human PAH and may explain the findings in our patient cohort. Our study offers a new mouse model of PAH, with several features of human disease that are typically absent in other PAH mouse models.
Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Patients With Diabetes: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hong Sangmo , Park Jung Hwan , Han Kyungdo , Lee Chang Beom , Kim Dong Sun , Yu Sung Hoon
Published: November 2021

Background

Blood pressure (BP) targets in elderly patients with diabetes remain unclear. We evaluated the association between BP and cardiovascular disease in elderly patients with diabetes without cardiovascular disease or heart failure.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 225 563 elderly (aged ≥65 years) patients with diabetes without cardiovascular disease or heart failure from 2009 to 2017 using the National Health Information Database. We divided the participants by systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP. Primary composite outcomes were stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and all‐cause death analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for baseline covariates. During a median follow‐up of 7.76 years, the incidence rate of primary composite outcomes was 26.62 per 1000 person‐years. In multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling, the risk of the primary outcome had a U‐curved association with SBP/diastolic blood pressure with a nadir between 120 and 129 mm Hg/65 and 69 mm Hg, respectively. Hypertension medication was associated with lower risk of primary composite outcomes in SBP ≥140 mm Hg (
P
for interaction for SBP <0.001) and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg (
P
for interaction for diastolic blood pressure=0.018). In participants aged ≥80 years, SBP ≥160 mm Hg was only a marginally higher risk for primary composite outcomes (hazard ratio=1.11; 95% CI, 0.98–1.24).

Conclusions

In this large sample of older Korean patients with diabetes, cardiovascular events were more common in people with resting SBP or diastolic BP ≥140 or 95 mm Hg, respectively, and also more common in people with resting SBP or diastolic BP <120 or 65 mm Hg, respectively.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Low‐Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis—From the National Echo Database of Australia
Authors: Snir Afik D. , Ng Martin K. , Strange Geoff , Playford David , Stewart Simon , Celermajer David S.
Published: October 2021

Background

The prevalence and outcomes of the different subtypes of severe low‐gradient aortic stenosis (AS) in routine clinical cardiology practice have not been well characterized.

Methods and Results

Data were derived from the National Echocardiography Database of Australia. Of 192 060 adults (aged 62.8±17.8 [mean±SD] years) with native aortic valve profiling between 2000 and 2019, 12 013 (6.3%) had severe AS. Of these, 5601 patients (47%) had high‐gradient and 6412 patients (53%) had low‐gradient severe AS. The stroke volume index was documented in 2741 (42.7%) patients with low gradient; 1750 patients (64%) with low flow, low gradient (LFLG); and 991 patients with normal flow, low gradient. Of the patients with LFLG, 1570 (89.7%) had left ventricular ejection fraction recorded; 959 (61%) had paradoxical LFLG (preserved left ventricular ejection fraction), and 611 (39%) had classical LFLG (reduced left ventricular ejection fraction). All‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality were assessed in the 8162 patients with classifiable severe AS subtype during a mean±SD follow‐up of 88±45 months. Actual 1‐year and 5‐year all‐cause mortality rates varied across these groups and were 15.8% and 49.2% among patients with high‐gradient severe AS, 11.6% and 53.6% in patients with normal‐flow, low‐gradient severe AS, 16.9% and 58.8% in patients with paradoxical LFLG severe AS, and 30.5% and 72.9% in patients with classical LFLG severe AS. Compared with patients with high‐gradient severe AS, the 5‐year age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted mortality risk hazard ratios were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85–1.03) in patients with normal‐flow, low‐gradient severe AS; 1.01 (95% CI, 0.92–1.12) in patients with paradoxical LFLG severe AS; and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.48–1.84) in patients with classical LFLG severe AS.

Conclusions

Approximately half of those patients with echocardiographic features of severe AS in routine clinical practice have low‐gradient hemodynamics, which is associated with long‐term mortality comparable with or worse than high‐gradient severe AS. The poorest survival was associated with classical LFLG severe AS.
Plasma Metabolites–Based Prediction in Cardiac Surgery–Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Cui Hao , Shu Songren , Li Yuan , Yan Xin , Chen Xiao , Chen Zujun , Hu Yuxuan , Chang Yuan , Hu Zhenliang , Wang Xin , Song Jiangping
Published: October 2021

Background

Cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury (CSA‐AKI) is a common postoperative complication following cardiac surgery. Currently, there are no reliable methods for the early prediction of CSA‐AKI in hospitalized patients. This study developed and evaluated the diagnostic use of metabolomics‐based biomarkers in patients with CSA‐AKI.

Methods and Results

A total of 214 individuals (122 patients with acute kidney injury [AKI], 92 patients without AKI as controls) were enrolled in this study. Plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using untargeted and targeted metabolomic approaches. Time‐dependent effects of selected metabolites were investigated in an AKI swine model. Multiple machine learning algorithms were used to identify plasma metabolites positively associated with CSA‐AKI. Metabolomic analyses from plasma samples taken within 24 hours following cardiac surgery were useful for distinguishing patients with AKI from controls without AKI. Gluconic acid, fumaric acid, and pseudouridine were significantly upregulated in patients with AKI. A random forest model constructed with selected clinical parameters and metabolites exhibited excellent discriminative ability (area under curve, 0.939; 95% CI, 0.879–0.998). In the AKI swine model, plasma levels of the 3 discriminating metabolites increased in a time‐dependent manner (
R
2
, 0.480–0.945). Use of this AKI predictive model was then confirmed in the validation cohort (area under curve, 0.972; 95% CI, 0.947–0.996). The predictive model remained robust when tested in a subset of patients with early‐stage AKI in the validation cohort (area under curve, 0.943; 95% CI, 0.883–1.000).

Conclusions

High‐resolution metabolomics is sufficiently powerful for developing novel biomarkers. Plasma levels of 3 metabolites were useful for the early identification of CSA‐AKI.
This Blessed Sacrament of Unity? Holy Communion, the Pandemic, and the Church of England
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Village Andrew
Published: October 2021

A major consequence of the pandemic for the Church of England was the decision of the Archbishops on 24 March 2020 to prevent the use of churches (even for the broadcasting of services by the clergy), and the consequent sudden trajectory into online worship streamed by clergy from their homes. On Easter Sunday the Archbishop of Canterbury exemplified the challenge confronting Anglican clergy by presiding for the nation from his kitchen table. This sudden change to online services may have highlighted differences in eucharistic practice within the Church of England, differentiating between those shaped in the Anglo-Catholic, Broad Church, and Evangelical traditions. This paper tests the thesis that during the initial days of lockdown this blessed sacrament of unity also embraced rich diversity among loyal Anglicans. Data provided by 3,286 laity and 1,353 clergy from the Coronavirus, Church & You Survey lend support for this thesis.
Fabrication of Micro-Nano Bioactive Glass Scaffold Incorporated with Siglec-15 for Bone Repair and Postoperative Treatment of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Xiao , Yan Caiping , Wang Dengyuan , Lu Hong , Xia Zhidao
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to fabricate micro-nano bioactive glass (MNBG) scaffolds loaded with chemotherapeutics and siglec-15 monoclonal antibody with bone repair capability and high-active drug loading capability for postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma. Bioactive glass (BG) particles were
incorporated with siglec-15 mAb and gemcitabine through mesopores and calcium ions on the surface. Dendritic cells (DCs) were treated with siglec-loaded BGs and gemcitabine. RT-qPCR analysis was conducted to detect DJ-1 and PTEN mRNA levels, CCK-8 technology to detect cell activity, and flow
cytometry to detect cell apoptosis. Rats were administrated with siglec-15-MNBG composite scaffolds with/without gemcitabine. 3D printing was used to determine adhesion strength of each group. Administration of MNBG scaffold decreased the expression of PTEN and up-regulated expression of DJ-1
when inducing cell apoptosis. Combined treatment with gemcitabine augmented adhesion of material and enhanced phosphorylation activity of p-AKT, mitigating the inhibitory effect of scaffold loaded with siglec-15 on p-AKT protein expression. Collectively, MNBG scaffold loaded with siglec-15
might promote bone regeneration and incorporate with chemotherapeutic drugs to suppress tumor development and promote apoptosis through PTEN/PI3 K pathway. These findings provide a novel insight into postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma and help development of tumor immunotherapy/bone repair
integrated materials.
Microstructure and Abrasion Resistance of Laser Cladding CoCrFeNiTiNbB1.25 High-Entropy Alloys Coatings Treated by Aging
Authors: Ding Lin , Wang Hongxin , Quan Xiumin
Published: October 2021

Laser cladding CoCrFeNiTiNbB1.25 high-entropy alloys coatings on H13 steel was fabricated. The microstructure and abrasion resistance of aged high-entropy alloys coatings at different temperature were researched. Results showed the phase was not changed in the high-entropy
alloys coatings as the aging temperature elevated, the volume fraction of TiB phase was firstly increased, then reduced. The diffraction peak of fcc phase was firstly shifted to the right, and then shifted to the left. The aged high-entropy alloys coatings consisted of typical dendrite, interdendritic
eutectic and dispersed intermetallic compound, and the dendrite obviously was coarsened after aging at 850 °C. Compared with non-aged high-entropy alloys coatings, the microhardness of aged high-entropy alloys coatings was firstly elevated as the aging temperature elevated, then decreased,
and the mass loss was opposite. The microhardness and mass loss was decreased by 4.3% and 11.9%, respectively, for the aging at 750 °C. The abrasion mechanism of non-aged high-entropy alloys coatings was the abrasive wear, and was the abrasive wear and adhesive wear after aging.
Preparation of Targeted Nanoparticles and Activity of Anti-Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Zhang Fan , Jiang Jinxia , He Xiaogu
Published: October 2021

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a gram-negative spiral bacterium that grows in a microaerobic environment and can be found in people with gastritis and ulcer diseases. First, the drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) was investigated in this study.
In order to increase the drug concentration in the diseased colon, silica nanoparticles (SNP) were prepared by the microemulsion method. Then, the drug 5-ASA was grafted onto the surface of the modified SNP, so as to obtain the targeted nanoparticles 5-ASA-SNP. The synthesis and drug loading
of the materials were analyzed, and then, they were used for the treatment of colitis in the experimental mice. The inhibition of Hp ATCC700392 strain was explored according to the material selection. In the experiment, the synthesized targeted nanoparticles (5-ASA-SNP) had uniform particle
size, smooth surface, and good dispersibility. Besides, the drug loading of 5-ASA reached 13.75±2.6%. In the biological toxicity analysis, the survival rate of Caco-2 cells in the 5-ASA-SNP material configuration solution reached 83.65±1.86%. In the group testing of the disease
activity index (DAI) and colonic histopathology score, the H-5-ASA group and 5-ASA-SNP group were lower sharply than N-5-ASA group (P < 0.05). The expression of IL (interleukin)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a protein in the serum of the grouped mice from the H-5-ASA group and
5-ASA-SNP group were lower steeply than the expression of the N-5-ASA group (P < 0.05). The agar double dilution method was adopted to prepare the Hp solution according to different materials. The results confirmed that 5-ASA-SNP solution had the best antibacterial effect, and increasing
the concentration of the solution can greatly inhibit the activity of Hp (P < 0.05).
Using Threshold DNA Strand Displacement to Construct a Half Adder
Authors: Tang Zhen , Yin Zhi-Xiang , Cui Jian-Zhong , Yang Jing , Wang Xi-Yuan , Wang Ri-Sheng
Published: October 2021

DNA strand displacement has the advantages of product predictability, programmability and threshold, and it is often used to build DNA-based logic operation systems. In this paper, we use DNA strand displacement to have different reaction priorities in different length ranges of the
toehold domain to form the effect of the threshold and construct the logical AND gate and XOR gate. Logical operations use single-stranded DNA as the input signal, and the brightness of the fluorescence is used to measure the results. Then, the logic AND gate and XOR gate are used as basic
logic units to form a half adder in parallel. Finally, we use Visual DSD to simulate and analyze the logic AND gate, XOR gate and half adder. The simulation results show that the logic gates constructed in this paper have good theoretical feasibility and effectiveness. This work provides a
potential design idea for DNA-based arithmetic function operations and more advanced logic operations.