bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Безработица как угроза экономической безопасности Российской Федерации
Authors: Куготов Р.С. , Макеев Р.Ч.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассматривается влияние безработицы на экономическую безопасность страны. Авторы анализируют роль безработицы как фактора, способного негативно сказаться на различных аспектах экономической безопасности, таких как стабильность экономики, социальная напряженность и качество жизни населения. В статье подробно рассматриваются основные причины и последствия безработицы в Российской Федерации, а также предлагаются меры и политики для борьбы с этой проблемой. Основываясь на проведенном анализе, авторы делают вывод, что снижение уровня безработицы является важной составляющей для обеспечения экономической безопасности и устойчивого развития страны.
Поиск новых методов адаптации молодых специалистов в нефтяной промышленности
Authors: Николаев А.Г. , Путенихина Е.В.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается тема поиск новых методов адаптации молодых сотрудников в организациях, специализирующихся на нефтяной промышленности. Анализируются основные подходы в адаптации, используемые в подобных организациях. Также проведен анализ уровня адаптации молодых специалистов, работающих в нефтяной сфере. В статье выявляются наиболее эффективные современные методы и стратегии, способствующие быстрой и успешной интеграции молодых специалистов в трудовой коллектив и повышению их профессиональной мотивации. Важность адаптации молодых специалистов можно охарактеризовать по следующим пунктам: ускорение процесса интеграции, снижение текучки кадров, экономия времени и ресурсов, повышение производительности и качества работы, создание кадрового резерва.
Гражданско-правовое обоснование существования консенсуальных и реальных договоров
Authors: Карандашова К.А. , Мкртчян А.Д.
Published: April 2024

В работе исследуется правовое обоснование существования консенсуальных и реальных договоров. В статье делается вывод о том, что для разделения договоров на консенсуальные и реальные необходимо анализировать целый ряд обстоятельств, в том числе сферу использования определенного договора, субъектов, участвующих в нем, а также преследуемые участниками договора цели.
Сущность принципа свободного движения товаров
Authors: Малыгин О.Д.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается сущность принципа свободного передвижения товаров в Российской Федерации, а также в Европейском союзе. Также уделяется внимание нормативной базе, в которой отражен данный принцип и его гарантии, как в Российской Федерации, так и в странах-членах Европейского союза.
Правовые основы деятельности правоохранительных органов по обеспечению правопорядка в Российской Федерации
Authors: Терентьев А.В.
Published: April 2024

В статье анализируется законодательство Российской Федерации на предмет правового регулирования деятельности правоохранительных органов по обеспечению правопорядка. Автором придается важное значение упорядочению общественных отношений на государственном уровне в соответствии с действующими нормами права, которые определяют законность тех или иных действий всех участвующих субъектов в обеспечении правопорядка и неотвратимости юридической ответственности за нарушение ими закона. В работе обобщен опыт по координации работы органов публичной власти и правоохранительных структур при проведении совместных мероприятий по обеспечению правопорядка. Отмечено, что огромное значение играет участие общественных организаций и граждан в охране правопорядка, и их роль в этом процессе. Среди выводов отмечается тот факт, что необходимо быстрее решать проблемы, связанные с правовым регулированием деятельности системы правоохранительных органов, с учетом складывающейся криминогенной обстановки.
К вопросу о правовой природе договора на создание веб сайта
Authors: Халаева С.Р
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена анализу правовой природы договора на создание веб сайта, который является актуальным вопросом в современном гражданском обороте. Автор рассматривает различные подходы к юридической квалификации такого договора, а также особенности правового регулирования отношений между заказчиком и исполнителем в сфере интеллектуальной собственности.
К вопросу о базовых ценностях правового государства
Authors: Чеботарева И.Ю. , Хлебникова А.А.
Published: April 2024

Одним из приоритетных направлений развития современного права является поиск ценностных ориентиров, способствующих сохранению стабильности социальной и политической систем. Важным инструментом являются правовые ценности. Использование таких проверенных инструментов, регулирующих поведение отдельных лиц в государстве, позволит нам определить те ценностные ориентации, которым должно соответствовать верховенство закона, и стремиться к их реализации и защите в максимально возможной степени.
VULNERABILIDADE DE TRANSGÊNEROS, TRANSEXUAIS E TRAVESTIS NA ASSISTÊNCIA DE SAÚDE
Authors: Leite João Pedro Pereira , Garcez Pamela Caetano , Nascimento Brenda Augusta Cipriano do , Silva Laíssa Borges e , Elias Henrique Ciabotti , Santos Álvaro
Published: April 2024

Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura cujo o objetivo foi conhecer a vulnerabilidade da população trans na assistência de saúde. Considerou o período de 2010 a 2020 nas bases de dados: BVS, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMED, SciELO, Cinahl e Scopus e nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os descritores utilizados foram: transsexualism (transexualidade OR transexualidad) AND vulnerability of health (vulnerabilidade em saúde OR vulnerabilidad en salud) AND nursing care (cuidados de enfermagem OR atención de enfermería) AND humanization of assistance (humanização da assistência OR humanización de la atención) AND sexually transmitted diseases (doenças sexualmente transmissíveis OR enfermedades de transmisión sexual). Foram considerados 17 artigos, após a seleção em três categorias. As vulnerabilidades mais prevalentes com relação a assistência de saúde foram: o medo da discriminação, dificuldade de acesso e falta de preparo por parte da equipe na assistência à saúde.
SAÚDE MENTAL DE TRABALHADORES DE RADIOTERAPIA APÓS PANDEMIA POR COVID-19: RESULTADOS DE UM ESTUDO MULTICÊNTRICO
Authors: Bernal Salvador Gabriela , Neves Oliveira Ângela , Almeida dos Santos Jaqueline , Dermani de Aguiar Souza Dayana , Frederico Paula Mateus , Marques Dias Boggis Lívia , Paula Lívia Loamí Ruyz Jorge
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de resiliência, qualidade de vida (QV), ansiedade e depressão de trabalhadores de radioterapia após pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Estudo multicêntrico, realizado no setor de radioterapia de Barretos-SP, Jales-SP e Porto Velho-RO. Foram utilizados instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica, para avaliação de QV, ansiedade, depressão e resiliência dos participantes. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram níveis moderados a elevados de ansiedade e QV. Ansiedade e depressão estiveram presentes em 48,9% e 28,6% dos profissionais, respectivamente. Participantes casados com filhos foram relacionados a melhores níveis de ansiedade, QV e resiliência. Conclusão: Pode-se observar altos níveis de resiliência, QV moderada a alta e presença de ansiedade e depressão em menos da metade dos participantes. Funcionários que tinham filhos têm 3,57 vezes mais chances de ter alta resiliência. Ações voltadas para a melhoria da saúde do trabalhador são necessárias para evitar complicações e aumento do número de burnouts entre esses profissionais.
Descritores: COVID-19; Radioterapia; Saúde mental; Saúde ocupacional.
IDEAÇÃO SUICIDA ENTRE PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Samara Dantas de Medeiros Nívia , Carla Ferreira de Sena Romeika , Emanuelle Eulálio Brasileiro Lízie , Isabel da Conceição Dias Fernandes Maria , Medeiros de Azevedo Dulcian
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: investigar a prevalência de ideação suicida entre profissionais de saúde que atuam na atenção básica. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 57 profissionais de saúde de Unidades Básicas de Saúde entre 2020 e 2021, utilizando dois instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico e ocupacional e fatores de risco para Ideação Suicida e a Escala de Ideação Suicida de Beck. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética sob parecer 4.397.30. Resultados: Verificou-se que 80,7% não possuía conflitos permanentes com colegas, tinham uma boa relação com colegas (87,7%), não vivenciaram situação de assédio moral (73,7%), sem baixa autoestima (84,2%) e boa relação com a família (86%), com prevalência de 3,5% de Ideação Suicida. Conclusão: a gestão dos serviços de saúde deve conhecer o perfil de seus servidores, a fim de melhorar a saúde e qualidade de vida destes profissionais através de estratégias que operem como fatores protetivos para o desenvolvimento de Ideação Suicida.
Possible future evolutionary consequences to Homo as a result of the implementation of biotechnology
Authors: Saniotis Arthur , Galassi Francesco M. , Henneberg Maciej
Published: April 2024

Biotechnology has become one of the most powerful forces on the planet, since it is capable of altering life processes at a molecular level. Since human bodies are dynamic biological systems, medicine requires to understand the evolutionary antecedents of Homo, especially in relation to neurohormonal regulation. Furthermore, increasing human dependence on biotechnology has led to relaxed natural selection in Homo, with subsequent increase of genetic load. In this paper, we speculate on the possible consequences of the application of parsimoniously derived biotechnologies onto the biological system of humans, with special attention to three areas: 1. human brain augmentation; 2. biotechnology and public health; 3. relaxed natural selection and genetic load. Human ability to manipulate and alter the structure and function of the body may not only make natural selection redundant but will be guided by a teleology whose purpose will seek to improve upon nature’s design.
Combining Ability Analysis and Association of Yield and Yield Components among Selected Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Lines
Authors: Gandhi M.T. , Sharma Manish , Patel M.P. , Soni N.V. , Dave G.S.
Published: April 2024

Background: Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a significant leguminous crop known for its high protein content and dietary value. As global demand for nutritious food sources rises, enhancing the productivity and nutritional quality of Rajmash has become imperative. This research paper aims to investigate the combining ability and character associations in rajmash to facilitate the development of improved varieties with superior agronomic traits. Methods: An experiment was carried out in Rajmash using line × tester mating design to estimate the gca effect of parents and sca effect of 21 hybrids for yield and its traits using 7 lines and 3 testers. Hybrids along with ten parents were studied for combining ability and phenotypic correlations for seed yield and nine yield related traits. Result: The result indicated that the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for most characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components. This implies that a comprehensive understanding of both types of genetic effects is crucial for effective breeding programs. Among parent TRCR 3, SKAU-R-19, RR-21-01 and RKR 1033 were found to be good general combiners for seed yield per plant. This indicates their potential to consistently impart favorable traits to their progeny. The identification of such strong general combiners is valuable information for breeders aiming to enhance overall seed yield. The most promising specific combiners for seed yield were from crosses including SKAU-R-19 × RKR 1033, IPR-205-19 × HUR, RR-21-01 × RKR 1033, RR-21-12 × GR 1 and RR-21-01 × HUR. Significant desirable phenotypic correlations were observed between seed yield with days to flowering, days maturity, number of pods per plant, pod length and 100 seed weight these characters can act as indirect selection criteria in yield that could be used in rajmash breeding programs. The identification of strong general combiners, promising specific crosses and meaningful phenotypic correlations offers practical guidance for future breeding efforts, contributing to the development of improved varieties with enhanced yield potential and desirable agronomic traits.
Estructuras sismorresistentes en el virreinato del Perú
Authors: Boggiano Burga María Lucía , Moreno Arellano Rebeca Celiana , Guzmán Gutierrez Elizabeth Gisella
Published: April 2024

Desde los inicios de la ocupación española en el Perú en el siglo XVI y tras el proceso de transculturización, una gran variedad de muros, arcos y bóvedas se construyeron con tamaños similares a los ejecutados en la península Ibérica. Al inicio, estas obras fueron hechas con ladrillo, piedra y adobe; sin embargo, con los frecuentes sismos y terremotos que hicieron colapsar gran parte de estas edificaciones, se evidenció la falta de previsión constructiva de los alarifes españoles. Por tanto, se tuvo que recurrir a la quincha, material hecho de entramados de madera rolliza, caña, y cubierta de barro que fuera utilizado en la construcción de viviendas y centros administrativos prehispánicos. La presente investigación muestra los resultados de un trabajo de campo, descriptivo, de revisión bibliográfica completa que tuvo como objetivo demostrar el origen y evolución de las bóvedas de quincha en el Perú; la capacidad sismorresistente del material, así como la eficacia estructural que tuvo en la construcción de las bóvedas y cúpulas de las principales iglesias de Trujillo. Los resultados permiten una mayor comprensión de la arquitectura virreinal y evidencian su utilidad ancestral ante el contexto moderno, así como su estética cautivadora que permite la identificación del trujillano con su patrimonio cultural.
The Determinants of Success in the Implementation of Information Technology in Moroccan Companies: Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Alami Mohamed
Published: April 2024

The study, which is being conducted in the context of the widespread use of information technology in Moroccan companies, focuses on examining the success factors of IT implementation. This is a crucial step in maximizing the value of information technology investments. The goal is to address concerns regarding the delay in digital transformation and the role of information technology in establishing a sustainable and irreplaceable competitive advantage. The research methodology utilizes a qualitative approach, specifically a single case study with semi-structured interviews for data collection. The theoretical framework incorporates the resource-based view (RBV) and contingency theories. The key findings of the study emphasize the challenges encountered during information technology implementation, especially concerning the complementarity of organizational and human resources with information technology resources. Based on these challenges, the factors contributing to successful information technology implementation are categorized into three groups: preimplementation phase, alignment of information technology strategy, and collaboration and coordination among all stakeholders involved in the implementation process.
Diversité des Poissons dans l’Estuaire de Betsiboka, Nord-Ouest de Madagascar
Authors: Benjamin Tsirilaza , Robertin Rasoloariniaina Jean , Andriamirado Rabarison Guy Arthur , Mong Jean-Michel Yves , Rejo-Fienena Félicitée
Published: April 2024

L'estuaire de Betsiboka, situé sur la côte nord-ouest de Madagascar, est le plus grand écosystème estuarien du pays. L'article explore la diversité des poissons dans cet estuaire, mettant en la distribution de l’espèce dans cet écosystème. La méthodologie utilise deux approches d'échantillonnage des poissons, le suivi de la capture de la petite pêche et la pêche expérimentale. Les résultats montrent une richesse spécifique élevée, avec 63 espèces distinctes. Les analyses des indices écologiques, tels que l'Indice de Shannon, l'Indice d'Équitabilité de Piélou et l'Indice de Similarité de Jaccard, montrent des variations spatiales de la diversité spécifique et des similitudes entre les villages. La classification hiérarchique confirme la formation de deux groupes distincts. L’étude contribue à enrichir les connaissances sur la diversité des poissons dans l'estuaire de Betsiboka, fournissant une base solide pour la conservation et la gestion durable de cet écosystème vital. The Betsiboka Estuary, located on the northwest coast of Madagascar, is the largest estuarine ecosystem in the country. This article explores the diversity of fish in this estuary, focusing on species distribution within this ecosystem. The methodology employs two fish sampling approaches: small-scale fishing catch monitoring and experimental fishing. The results reveal a high species richness, with 63 distinct species identified. Analyses of ecological index, such as the Shannon Index, Pielou's Evenness Index, and Jaccard Similarity Index, demonstrate spatial variations in species diversity and similarities between villages. The hierarchical classification confirms the formation of two distinct groups. The study contributes to enhancing knowledge about fish diversity in the Betsiboka Estuary, providing a solid foundation for the conservation and sustainable management of this crucial ecosystem.
Big Data Analysis and User Behavior Prediction of Social Networks Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Liu Zhanbo , Song Tieshi
Published: April 2024

The prediction of user behavior in social networks is of great significance for understanding user dynamics, personalized recommendation, and information dissemination. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, especially the application of artificial neural networks in big data analysis, new solutions and technical means have been provided for the analysis of user behavior in social networks. This study constructs a social network user behavior prediction model based on artificial neural networks. The article first reviews related research, establishes a research framework, and then describes in detail the functional structure of the user behavior prediction system. The key data structure design is meticulously constructed and the model is built through steps such as data preprocessing module, 3D feature frame construction module, feature mapping module, and feature prediction module. In addition, the article also constructs a group behavior theme probability prediction model based on an improved encoder-decoder model, which further enhances the understanding of group behavior of users in social networks. Through comparative experiments, the model proposed in this paper demonstrates its effectiveness in predicting individual and group user behaviors. The experimental results show that the model can accurately predict the behavior patterns of users in social networks and is superior to existing methods in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. This research shows that artificial neural networks are a powerful
tool for analyzing big data in social networks and for predicting user behavior. The success of the study verifies the effectiveness of the model, provides a new technical path for future analysis of user behavior in social networks, and is expected to be widely applied in areas such as personalized recommendation and information dissemination analysis.
Current Developments and Perspectives Regarding Financial Reporting in Romania. Qualitative Requirements for Financial Audit
Authors:   SOTER&PARTNERS, MANOLESCU Maria , PETRE Georgeta , LAZAR Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Through this paper, the authors have proposed to highlight the current topics that are of real interest for the economic environment, in general, and for the accounting profession, in particular, mainly aiming at the following: the dynamics of the evolution of regulations regarding financial reporting at the national level, in correlation with the overall requirements at European and international level; the novelty of approaches regarding financial reporting/corporate reporting and their complexity in the context of current European policies and strategies regarding sustainable development, achieving the green transition and building an economy in the service of citizens; the content analysis of the conceptual and substantive developments of recent European regulations, embodied in Directive (EU) 2022/2464 on sustainability reporting by certain categories of entities, in order to understand and properly transpose its requirements into domestic legislation and then in current practice, by: national entities, the accounting profession in general, and financial auditors, in particular. Last but not least, the authors aimed to identify the impact of these regulations in the changes that should be taken into account in university education, in the research programs that will be launched in the following periods, as well as in the continuous training programs of some representative professional categories, including of the accounting profession.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of the EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Reporting
Authors:   West University of Timişoara, Faculty of Economy and Business Administration, Timisoara, Romania, BUNGET Ovidiu Constantin , DUMITRESCU Alin Constantin ,   West University of Timişoara, Faculty of Economy and Business Administration, Timisoara, Romania, BOGDAN Oana ,   West University of Timişoara, Faculty of Economy and Business Administration, Timisoara, Romania, BURCA Valentin ,   West University of Timisoara, Romania
Published: April 2024

The development of companies in a sustainable manner is a desire of both company’s management and regulators who make sustained efforts to develop and standardize non-financial reporting. In the context in which the new European Directive regarding sustainability requires companies to report in accordance with the mandatory standards of sustainable reporting of the EU, including an external assurance of sustainability reporting that is necessary, the present research aims to analyze the perception of professional practitioners, members of the Chamber of Financial Auditors of Romania (C.F.A.R.) regarding the challenges and opportunities of implementing the European Directive on Corporate Sustainability Reporting. The main objective is to identify the main areas of concern regarding the efforts to train auditors in carrying out assurance missions related to non-financial situations, considering the new European Directive on non-financial reporting and, respectively, the adjacent developments carried out by the IASB and EFRAG in the sphere of the standardization of non-financial reporting. The present research proposes an analysis of the associations between the main defining elements of the auditor's capabilities (technological factor, human factor, audit processes) and, respectively, the defining elements of the auditor's profile outlined under the legislative framework, governmental monitoring and control mechanisms or the characteristics the economic environment, which influences the audit opinion. The main results obtained underline the fact that auditors are not yet prepared to provide assurance services in relation to sustainability reports, both from the perspective of defining and implementing robust audit processes, and from the perspective of the low degree of adequacy of the audit systems used or from the perspective of human factor knowledge and skills gaps. So, this reality confirms a state of fact that must concern professional bodies and, at the same time, governmental bodies in terms of the degree of involvement in auditor training activities and, respectively, the promotion of professional guidelines.
The Influence of Sustainability Reporting on Audit Quality. Empirical Analysis on Companies Listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania, AFRASINEI Mihai Bogdan , CARP Mihai ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania, GEORGESCU Iuliana Eugenia ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania
Published: April 2024

The entire range of financial and non-financial activities carried out in companies has an impact on the quality of disclosures. The audit, through its specific procedural approach, contributes to enhancing the quality of reporting by balancing the interests of the two parties involved in the reporting process, i.e. the companies and the users of the information. The paper aims to assess the extent to which sustainability reporting influences audit quality, assessed from a dual perspective, namely that of the audited company (through the quality of the information published and insured by the audit) and that of the auditor (through the audit opinion expressed). Using information specific to companies listed on the main market of the Bucharest Stock Exchange, the study analyzes the link between a series of dummy variables associated with carrying out sustainable activities, social and environmental protection and the size of discretionary accruals, i.e. the audit opinion. The results reveal a negative relationship between the two dimensions analyzed. The involvement of companies in sustainable actions is generally interpreted as an effort that diminishes audit quality, measured from both perspectives. The effect of these social and environmental protection activities is correlated with potential manipulation of the results (decreasing the quality of financial information) and with increasing the likelihood of expressing a modified audit opinion, respectively. The results are also robust following the introduction of control variables into the analysis, such as: leverage, company growth, company size or industry.
The Nexus between Corporate Lyfe Cycle and Earnings Management at Companies Listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania, HUIAN Maria Carmen , MIRONIUC Marilena ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania, CUREA Mihaela ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the nexus between the corporate life cycle (CLC) and accrual-based earnings management (AEM) and real earnings management (REM) practices. Companies listed on the main segment of the Bucharest Stock Exchange between 2007 and 2021 are analyzed through fixed effects and random effects models. The regression analysis uncovers that earnings management practices vary based on the developmental stage of the company. In the introduction stage, Romanian companies tend to prefer AEM techniques, while in the growth and maturity phases, REM practices are more prevalent. The conditions in which firms operate, the pressure from the capital market and the discretion over costs characteristic of each stage of development explain the preference for a certain method of earnings management. Overall, this investigation helps clarify CLC's role in adopting earnings management techniques (AEM/REM) and signals the need to pay particular attention to the quality of financial reporting of companies in the early stages of development. The findings hold significance for auditors, financial analysts, investors, lenders, and regulators alike.
Echocardiographic Documentation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Development in Dogs Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Avalos-Borges Eduardo E. , Acevedo-Arcique Carlos Manuel , Segura-Correa Jose Candelario , Jimenez-Coello Matilde , Garg Nisha Jain , Ortega-Pacheco Antonio
Published: April 2024

Keywords: Echocardiographic alterations; left ventricle; dog; Trypanosoma cruzi; flow patterns; dilated cardiomyopathy; Chagas disease
Carbon Dots for Future Prospects: Synthesis, Characterizations and Recent Applications: A Review (2019–2023)
Authors: Etefa Habtamu Fekadu , Tessema Aster Aberra , Dejene Francis Birhanu
Published: April 2024

Nanotechnology sparks discussions and concerns about the impacts of new nanomaterials on health and the environment. It holds importance in various domains due to its unique struc-tures. Carbon dots (C-dots) are versatile nanomaterials with applications in bioimaging, sensing, catalysis, polymers, solar cells, and more. They offer desirable characteristics such as stability, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and high photoluminescent quantum yield. C-dots have the potential to replace expensive fluorophores in solar cells. They are catego-rized as carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, and carbonized polymer dots. C-dots have outstanding optical and photoelectric properties with low toxicity. Bottom-up and top-down approaches are used for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs), with each method im-pacting their physicochemical characteristics. The choice of synthesis method depends on de-sired properties and application requirements. Researchers combine these methods and ex-plore new approaches to enhance synthesis efficiency and tailor CD properties. CDs have di-verse chemical structures with modified oxygen, polymer-based, or amino groups on their surface. Various characterization methods such as HRTEM, XPS, and optical analysis (PL, UV) are used to determine CD structure. Carbon dots (CDs) are cutting-edge fluorescent nano-materials with remarkable qualities such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, high water solubility, and photo-stability. They are easily adjustable in terms of their optical properties, making them highly versatile in various fields. CDs find applications in bio-imaging, nanomedicine, drug delivery, solar cells, LEDs, photo-catalysis, elec-tro-catalysis, and other related areas.
Human Activity Recognition in a Free-Living Environment Using an Ear-Worn Motion Sensor
Authors: Boborzi Lukas , Decker Julian , Rezaei Razieh , Schniepp Roman , Wuehr Max
Published: April 2024

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) technology enables continuous behavior monitoring, particularly valuable in healthcare. This study investigates the viability of using an ear-worn motion sensor for classifying daily activities, including lying, sitting/standing, walking, ascending stairs, descending stairs, and running. Fifty healthy participants (between 20 and 47 years old) engaged in these activities while under monitoring. Various machine learning algorithms, ranging from interpretable shallow models to state-of-the-art deep learning approaches designed for HAR, were employed for classification. Results demonstrate the ear sensor's efficacy, with deep learning models achieving 98% accuracy rate of classification. The obtained classification models are agnostic regarding which ear the sensor is worn and robust against moderate variations in sensor orientation (e.g., due to differences in auricle anatomy), meaning no initial calibration of the sensor orientation is required. The study underscores the ear's efficacy as a suitable site for monitoring human daily activity and suggests its potential for combining HAR with in-ear vital signs monitoring. This approach offers a practical method for comprehensive health monitoring by integrating sensors in a single anatomical location. This integration facilitates individualized health assessments, with potential applications in tele-monitoring, personalized health insights, and optimizing athletic training regimes.
Trends in Air and Water Temperatures at the Confluence of the Sava and Danube Rivers in Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Bonacci Ognjen , Žaknić-Ćatović Ana , Roje-Bonacci Tanja , Prohaska Stevan , Bonacci Duje , Ćatović Samir
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the mean annual water temperature trends at the confluence of the Sava and Danube Rivers, along with air temperature trends at the Belgrade meteorological station, spanning from 1956 to 2020. Results reveal a consistent increase in temperature across all three measuring stations, with the Danube experiencing a rise of 0.34°C/10 years, the Sava at 0.44°C/10 years, and Belgrade's air temperature increasing by 0.39°C/10 years. Employing the RAPS method, sharp rises in water temperature were pinpointed in 1989 for the Sava and 1990 for the Danube, while Belgrade's air temperature surge began in 1998. The highest intensity of air temperature increase within the recent period (1998-2020) was observed at the Belgrade observatory, reaching 0.76°C/10 years. Notably, the Sava exhibited a faster increase in water temperature over the last thirty years compared to the Danube. August marked the peak average water temperature for both rivers, while July recorded the highest average air temperature in Belgrade. Despite differing flow rates, both rivers exhibit similar hydrological regimes, with maximum flows occurring in April and minimum flows in August for the Sava, and October for the Danube. Seasonal temperature increases were most pronounced in summer, notably in August, with the smallest rises occurring during cold periods. Additionally, an inverse proportional relationship between mean annual water temperatures and discharges was observed at both river stations.
On an Aggregated Estimate for Human Mobility Regularities through Movement Trends and Population Density
Authors: Vanni Fabio , Lambert David
Published: April 2024

This article introduces an analytical framework that interprets individual measures of entropy-based mobility derived from mobile phone data. We explore and analyze two widely recognized entropy metrics: random entropy and uncorrelated Shannon entropy. These metrics are estimated through collective variables of human mobility, including movement trends and population density. By employing a collisional model, we establish statistical relationships between entropy measures and mobility variables. Furthermore, our research addresses three primary objectives: firstly, validating the model; secondly, exploring correlations between aggregated mobility and entropy measures in comparison to five economic indicators; and finally, demonstrating the utility of entropy measures. Specifically, we provide an effective population density estimate that offers a more realistic understanding of social interactions. This estimation takes into account both movement regularities and intensity, utilizing real-time data analysis conducted during the peak period of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of Sensitivity and Applicability of a Droplet Digital Pcr Assay for Simultaneous Detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fragi in Foods
Authors: Huang Ju , Zhai Ligong , Wang Junyin , Sun Xiaotian , Wang Baoshi , Wei Zhaohui
Published: April 2024

Achieving effective control over microbial contamination necessitates the precise and concurrent identification of numerous pathogens. In this research, we have devised a remarkably sensitive duplex droplet digital PCR (dddPCR) reaction system to simultaneously detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Pseudomonas fragi (P. fragi). Employing comparative genomics, we identified four genes of P. fragi. By specific analysis, RS22680 gene was selected as the detection target of P. fragi and LasR gene was chosed as P. aeruginosa, which were applied to construct a dddPCR reaction. In terms of specificity, sensitivity and anti-interference ability, the constructed dddPCR detection system was verified and analyzed. The assay showed excellent sensitivity and applicability, as evidenced by a limit of detection of 100 CFU/mL. When the concentration of natural background bacteria in milk or fresh meat was 100 times that of the target detection bacteria, the method was still capable of completing the absolute quantification. In the simulation of actual sample contamination, P. aeruginosa could be detected after 3 h of enrichment culture, and P. fragi could be detected after 6 h. The established ddPCR detection system exhibits exceptional performance, serving as a foundation for the simultaneous detection of various pathogenic bacteria in food products.
Development of a Robust Freeze-drying Process for Long-Term Stability of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Authors: Khan MD Faizul Hussain , Youssef Maryam , Nesdoly Sean , Kamen Amine A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Thermostability of vaccines, particularly enveloped viral vectored vaccines, remains a challenge for their delivery wherever needed. Freeze-drying of viral vectored vaccines is a prom-ising approach but remains challenging due to the water removal process from the outer and in-ner parts of the virus. In the case of enveloped viruses, freeze-drying induces increased stresses on the envelope, which often leads to inactivation of the virus. In this study, we design a method to freeze-dry a recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Since the envelope of VSV is composed of 50% lipid and 50% protein, the formula-tion study focused on both the protein and lipid portions of the vector. Formulations were pre-pared primarily using sucrose, trehalose, and sorbitol as cryoprotectants; mannitol as a lyopro-tectant; and histidine as a buffer. Initially, the infectivity of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 and cake stability were investigated at different final moisture contents. High recovery of the infectious viral titer ( 0.5 to 1 log loss) was found at 3-6% moisture content with no deterioration of the freeze-dried cakes. To further minimize infectious viral titer loss, the composition and concentration of the ex-cipients were studied. An increase from 5 to 10% of both cryoprotectants and lyoprotectant, to-gether with the addition of 0.5% gelatin, resulted in the improved recovery of infectious virus titer and stable cake formation. Moreover, the secondary drying temperature of the freeze-drying pro-cess showed a significant impact on the infectivity of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2. The infectivity of the vector declined drastically when the temperature was raised above 20°C. Throughout a long-term stability study, formulations containing 10% sugar (sucrose/trehalose), 10% mannitol, 0.5% gelatin, and 10 mM of histidine showed satisfactory stability for six months at 2-8°C. The development of this freeze-drying process and the optimized formulation minimizes the need for a costly cold chain distribution system.
Methylation-GC-MS/FID-Based Glycosidic Linkage Analysis of Unfractionated Polysaccharides in Red Seaweeds
Authors: Bajwa Barinder , Xing Xiaohui , Terry Stephanie A. , Gruninger Robert  J. , Abbott D. Wade
Published: April 2024

Glycosidic linkage analysis was conducted on the unfractionated polysaccharides in the alcohol-insoluble residues (AIRs) prepared from six red seaweeds (Gracilariopsis sp., Prionitis sp., Mastocarpus papillatus, Callophyllis sp., Mazzaella splendens, and Palmaria palmata) using GC-MS/FID analysis of partially methylated alditol acetates (PMAAs). The cell walls of P. palmata primarily contained mixed-linkage xylans and small amounts of sulfated galactans and cellulose. In contrast, the unfractionated polysaccharides of the other five species were rich in galactans displaying diverse 3,6-anhydro-galactose and galactose linkages with varied sulfation patterns. Different levels of cellulose were also observed. This glycosidic linkage method offers advantages for cellulose analysis over traditional monosaccharide analysis that is known for underrepresenting glucose in crystalline cellulose. Relative linkage compositions calculated from GC-MS and GC-FID measurements showed that anhydro sugar linkages generated more response in the latter detection method. This improved linkage workflow presents a useful tool for studying polysaccharide structural variations across red seaweed species. Furthermore, for the first time, relative linkage compositions from GC-MS and GC-FID measurements, along with normalized FID and total ion current (TIC) chromatograms without peak assignments, were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) as a proof-of-concept demonstration of the technique's potential to differentiate various red seaweed species.
Cerebral Malaria: Clinicians, Extracellular Vesicles, and Therapeutically-Rational Exchange (T-REX)
Authors: Jajosky Ryan Philip , Jajosky Audrey Nadine , Jajosky Philip
Published: April 2024

As new vaccines reduce P. falciparum (Pf) cases, clinicians can focus on rescuing more children with cerebral malaria (CM). Adjunctive “therapeutically-rational exchange transfusion” (T-REX) refers to using special “Pf-resistant” donor red blood cells (RBCs) that secrete nano-sized RBC extracellular vesicles (EVs). Can some RBC EVs rapidly dislodge Pf-infected RBCs (iRBCs) sequestered in blood vessels and reduce inflammation? Does post-exchange “rebound parasitemia” reflect sequestration-reversal? We reviewed case-reports, EV and liposome studies, expert perspectives, and time-sequence data. In the AQUAMAT study, median coma-recovery time was 20 hours for artesunate. In contrast, a CM patient treated with type-O T-REX quickly began speaking (during the procedure). For other rapid-recovery CM patients, donor RBC variables had not been specified. Despite rapid Pf-killing, drugs need 20 hours to substantially reduce iRBC cytoadhesion while EVs can selectively bind distant inflamed tissues within 15 minutes. RBCs stressed by blood-bank storage and Pf infection secrete EVs. Post-exchange “rebound parasitemia” can occur within 60 minutes and may reflect release of sequestered iRBCs. Sequestration-reversal can be assessed by monitoring Pf parasitemia and total Pf biomass. New data suggest clinicians, working with transfusion- and laboratory-medicine physicians, can, and should, assess T-REX options and publish their findings to help clarify how RBC EVs may serve as therapeutic “decoy ligands.”
Characterizing Edible Oils by Oblique-Incidence Reflectivity Difference Combined with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Sun Xiaorong , Hu Yiran , Liu Cuiling , Zhang Shanzhe , Yan Sining , Liu Xuecong , Zhao Kun
Published: April 2024

Due to the significant price difference, expensive oils like olive oil are often blended with cheaper edible oils. This practice of adulteration in edible oils, aimed at increasing profits for producers, poses a major concern for consumers. Furthermore, adulteration in edible oils can lead to various health issues impacting consumer well-being. In order to meet the requirements of fast, non-destructive, universal, accurate and reliable quality testing for edible oil, the oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) method combined with machine learning algorithms was introduced to detect a variety of edible oils. The prediction accuracy of Gradient Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Random Forest models exceeded 95%. Experimental results indicate that the OIRD method can serve as a powerful tool for detecting edible oils.
Towards an ITU Standard for DLT Energy Consumption
Authors: Nikolaou Ioannis , Anthopoulos Leonidas
Published: April 2024

The emergence of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in the past decade has challenged our imagination to discover new, innovative and disruptive solutions to problems in domains ranging from finance and healthcare to supply chain and smart cities. However, the enormous energy consumption that has been observed in some of the most successful DLT applications raises the question of their long term sustainability. This article reviews the standardization efforts of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) to provide guidelines to regulators and policy makers for making informed decisions on the applicability and sustainability of DLT architectures from the point of view of energy consumption.
Current Practice in the Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases by Irreversible Electroporation: A Focus-Group International Questionnaire Survey (LIVERMET-IRE-Q).
Authors: Spiers Harry V M , Jamdar Saurabh , Jegatheeswaran Santhalingam , De Liguori Carino Nicola , Stathakis Panagiotis , Nadarajah Vinotha , Menon Krishna V , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Frampton Adam E , Wah Tze Min , Farid Shahid , Malik Hassan Z , Jones Robert , Evans Jonathan , Siriwardena Ajith K
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a form of non-thermal ablation that delivers pulses of high voltage electrical current between electrodes. The role of IRE in the treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases is unestablished. This study is an international ques-tionnaire survey of the use of IRE for colorectal hepatic metastases. Methods: A questionnaire addressing views on the use of IRE for colorectal liver metastases was circulated to clinicians with an interest and/or expertise in this technique. Results: 64 clinicians from 17 different countries replied to the questionnaire. Thirty-six (56%) had experience of treating patients with colorectal liver metastases with IRE. The preferred mode of delivery of IRE was percutaneous treatment under CT guidance. Thirty-three (70% respondents) used IRE exclusively for lesions in proximity to inflow or outflow structures. Twenty (43% respondents) used IRE as their sole ablative treat-ment whilst 19 (40% respondents) used IRE in combination with thermal ablation. The maximum number of lesions that could be treated by IRE was two and preferred size of lesion was
Physical Activity and Oxidative Stress in Aging
Authors: Militello Rosamaria , Luti Simone , Gamberi Tania , Pellegrino Alessio , Modesti Alessandra , Modesti Pietro Amedeo
Published: April 2024

The biological aging, characterized by changing in metabolism and physicochemical properties of cells, has an impact on public health. Environment and lifestyle including factors like diet and physical activity seems to play a key role in healthy ageing. Several studies have shown that regular physical activity can enhance antioxidant defence mechanisms, including the activity of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. However, intense or prolonged exercise can also lead to an increase in ROS production temporarily, re-sulting in oxidative stress. This phenomenon is referred as "exercise-induced oxidative stress". The relationship between physical activity and oxidative stress in aging is complex and depends on various factors such as the type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise, as well as in-dividual differences in antioxidant capacity and adaptation to exercise. In this review, we ana-lyzed what is reported from several authors regarding the role of physical activity on oxidative stress in aging process as well as the role of hormesis and physical exercise as tools for preven-tion and treatment of sarcopenia, an aging related disease. Finally we reported what has recently been studied in relation to the effect of physical activity and sport on aging in women