bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A grande estratégia do Império português: D. Luís da Cunha e as origens do reformismo ilustrado luso-brasileiro
Authors: Cantarino Nelson Mendes , Leite Neto Fernando Ribeiro
Published: September 2020

Resumo Este artigo apresenta as propostas de reformas de D. Luís da Cunha (1662-1749) no contexto da transição do Seiscentos para o Setecentos no Império português. Para tanto, o artigo principia com a contextualização das mudanças no balanço de poder e no pensamento político associadas à emergência da Grã-Bretanha como Império centralizador dos eventos do século XVIII. Nessa transição importantes desdobramentos intelectuais estão em processo como, por exemplo, a ascensão da Economia Política como disciplina autônoma e sua relevância para a gestão dos interesses do Reino e do Império. Segue-se com a caracterização das reformas propostas por D. Luís da Cunha que visavam, em linha com a tradição mercantilista, elevar o poder relativo de Portugal. Dessa forma, D. Luís elenca a necessidade de incrementar o contingente populacional, seja no Reino, seja nos domínios de ultramar, facilitar os fluxos de mercadorias e de moedas, reduzir certos privilégios e, até mesmo, de rever os estatutos da Inquisição.
Economia Política da redução do tempo de trabalho: dos autores pioneiros ao debate contemporâneo sobre transições para sustentabilidade
Authors: Fracalanza Paulo Sérgio , Maria Mariana Rêis , Corazza Rosana Icassatti
Published: September 2020

Resumo Esse artigo-resenha apresenta, inspirado por Polanyi, a redução do tempo de trabalho (RTT) em seu sentido substantivo, o que permite sugerir o encaminhamento de propostas de RTT como vetores de mudança socioeconômica para um sistema mais sustentável, mais justo e com maior potencial emancipatório. Uma primeira seção é dedicada a cotejar os significados da RTT em seus sentidos formal e substantivo. A segunda seção é dedicada às visões precursoras de Keynes, Russell e Lafargue sobre a RTT. Finalmente, a terceira, reúne três importantes autores contemporâneos, Gorz, Jackson e Méda, que, no debate sobre a transição para a sustentabilidade, dão especial destaque às medidas de RTT no rol das transformações necessárias rumo à reorganização do sistema econômico e social compatível com os limites biogeofísicos de nosso planeta.
Os primeiros 80 dias da pandemia da COVID-19 em Belo Horizonte: da contenção à flexibilização
Authors: Andrade Mônica Viegas , Noronha Kenya , Turra Cassio Maldonado , Guedes Gilvan , Cimini Fernanda , Ribeiro Leonardo Costa , Bernardes Américo Tristão , Domingues Edson , Ribeiro Mirian Martins , Botega Laura de Almeida , Carvalho Lucas Resende de , Nogueira Daniel , Calazans Julia Almeida , Julião Nayara Abreu , Souza Aline de , Silva Valéria Andrade , Lima Victor Hugo , Andrade Jéferson Pereira , Ferreira Monique Felix , Santos Reinaldo Onofre dos , Silva Jomara Alves da
Published: September 2020

Resumo Este artigo examina o contexto e as implicações da pandemia por Covid-19 na cidade de Belo Horizonte (BH) nos primeiros 80 dias da doença. Utilizamos um recorte analítico descritivo para mensurar a evolução dos casos, o excesso de óbitos, a taxa de transmissibilidade do vírus e a pressão da doença sobre o sistema de saúde de BH e região, através da taxa de ocupação hospitalar nos leitos públicos. Além disso, identificamos as principais políticas de contenção adotadas pelas autoridades locais, bem como as implicações da redução do distanciamento social. Nossos resultados demonstram que o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), bem gerido, é fundamental para o enfrentamento da pandemia e a mitigação de suas consequências para a população. O processo de flexibilização que se inicia tem imposto novos desafios que requererão monitoramento atento das autoridades e da sociedade.
Conhecimentos sobre a doença de Chagas e seus vetores em habitantes de área endêmica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Rosenthal Luciane d’Avila , Vieira Juliana Nunes , Villela Marcos Marreiro , Bianchi Tanise Freitas , Jeske Sabrina
Published: September 2020

Resumo Introdução A doença de Chagas (DC) é uma endemia relevante na América Latina, contudo poucas pesquisas são realizadas sobre os conhecimentos que a população possui sobre o tema. Objetivo Verificar o conhecimento que uma população de origem rural do sul do Rio Grande do Sul possui acerca da DC e seus vetores. Método O estudo foi realizado com a população atendida em um Hospital-Escola de Pelotas, a partir de questionário semiestruturado, no qual foi verificado se as pessoas conseguiam identificar os triatomíneos, se já encontraram “barbeiros” na residência, quais órgãos a DC acomete, entre outras questões. As associações entre as variáveis foram analisadas pelos testes do qui-quadrado e odds ratio (OR). Resultados Dos 132 participantes, 58,3% identificaram os vetores, e as variáveis que se mostraram significativas foram morar ou ter morado no município de Canguçu e possuir galinheiro ou chiqueiro no peridomicílio. Já as variáveis residir ou ter residido em casa de pau a pique/torrão/barro (p = 0,0038; OR = 3,18) e ser proveniente de Canguçu (p = 0,004; OR = 3,4) foram significativamente associadas ao ato de já ter encontrado vetores na residência. Sobre os órgãos que a DC acomete, somente 25 pessoas reportaram o coração (18,9%). Conclusão Esta investigação ressalta a necessidade de campanhas educativas, pois foi realizada em região com importantes índices de DC em estudos recentes.
Anatomy of male and female reproductive organs of stink bugs pests (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera) from soybean and rice crops
Authors: Araújo Vinícius Albano , Bacca Tito , Dias Lucimar Gomes
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Pentatomidae comprises a diverse group of stink bugs widely distributed in the Neotropical region. Many species are phytophagous and cause injuries to plants, and can thus be defined as agricultural pests. In this study, the anatomy of the female and male reproductive tracts of three important agricultural pests in Colombia is described: Piezodorus guildinii Westwood, 1837 and Chinavia ubicaRolston 1983, found on soybeans, and Oebalus insularis Stål, 1872, found in rice crops. For that, light microscopy techniques were used. The anatomy of the reproductive tract of sexually mature males of the three species studied consisted of a pair of testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory bulb, an ejaculatory duct that opens into an aedeagus, and paired accessory glands. The reproductive tract of females consisted of a pair of ovaries, each with seven telotrophic-meroistic ovarioles, a pair of lateral oviducts, common oviduct, spermatheca, and a genital chamber. Telotrophic ovarioles were comprised of terminal filament, tropharium, vitellarium, and pedicel. Differences in size, color, and position of structures along the reproductive tract were observed between the species examined. Reproductive biology of insects provides informative characters for behavioral and evolutionary studies, as well as useful data for pest control strategies.
Quinolones resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from broilers and chickens’ carcasses under federal inspection
Authors: Carneiro Ana Luisa O.C. , Silva Rosiane L. , Rodrigues Isabela B.B.E. , Machado Simone C. , Cunha Nathalie C. , Nascimento Elmiro R. , Pereira Virginia L.A. , Abreu Dayse C.L.
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: We analyzed 77 Salmonella spp. strains, from which 20 were isolated from broilers (cloacal swabs) and 57 from chickens from slaughterhouses under federal inspection. The following serotypes were identified: Salmonella Saint Paul (29), Salmonella Heidelberg (27), Salmonella Anatum (9), Salmonella Cerro (5), Salmonella Senftenberg (5), Salmonella enterica (O: 4,5) (1) and Salmonella enterica (O: 9.12) (1). Fifteen strains (19.5%) were resistant to enrofloxacin, six (7.8%) to ciprofloxacin, and 26 (33.8%) to nalidixic acid in the Disk Diffusion Test. The fifteen enrofloxacin resistant strains were selected for the PCR to detect the genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, and genetic sequencing to identify mutations in these genes. Five strains (33.3%) had point mutations in the gyrA gene, and one (6.7%) presented a point mutation in the parC gene. None of the 15 strains had mutations in the gyrB and parE genes, and none had more than one mutation in the gyrA gene or the other genes. The presence of point mutations in the strains studied corroborates with the phenotypic resistance observed to nalidixic acid. However, it did not explain the resistance to fluoroquinolones found in the 15 strains. Other mechanisms may be related to the fluoroquinolones resistance, highlighting the need for additional mutation screening.
Diferenciação institucional na certificação de produtos orgânicos: uma comparação dos Organismos Participativos de Avaliação da Conformidade no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Niederle Paulo , Dorville Claire , Lemeilleur Sylvaine
Published: September 2020

Resumo: Este artigo analisa os fatores de diferenciação institucional nos processos de certificação participativa de produtos orgânicos. Realizada junto aos Organismos Participativos de Avaliação da Conformidade (OPAC) que operam no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a pesquisa visava inicialmente responder se eles estariam convergindo para formatos organizacionais e estratégias similares. A hipótese inicial sugeria o isomorfismo desses organismos em virtude de pressões institucionais coercitivas, normativas e miméticas. No entanto, devido à rejeição da hipótese inicial, buscou-se, então, identificar os fatores que produzem diferenciação institucional. Foram examinados instrumentos normativos que regulam a certificação orgânica, os documentos internos de gestão dos OPACs, transcrições de entrevistas individuais e coletivas com stakeholders e anotações de observações das reuniões e procedimentos de certificação. Os resultados demonstram processos de dissociação (decoupling) impulsionados por três fatores principais: ambiguidade e heterogeneidade do ambiente institucional, resistência dos atores às pressões isomórficas e dinâmicas internas de poder relacionadas com o formato de participação social em cada OPAC.
Challenges in dementia care: comparing key issues from Brazil and the United Kingdom
Authors: Durgante Helen , Contreras Milena Lucía , Backhouse Tamara , Mavrodaris Angelique , Ferreira Michele Gomes , Paulo Debora Lee Vianna , Alves Marcus Vinicius , Serelli Larissa da Silva , Souza Leonardo Cruz de , Kishita Naoko
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. The United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop took place in July 2019 in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, with an interdisciplinary group of health and care professionals from the United Kingdom and from Brazil to address challenges in diagnosis, public perception and care of dementia. The aim of this article is to present the results identified in relation to challenges in the care of dementia, including recommendations that could potentially guide local and State/Municipal authorities and care services for people with dementia in the future. Four key issues were prioritised to identify challenges and generate possible solutions in Brazil and the United Kingdom: I) limitations of current health systems; II) continuous and long-term support for family carers (pre-diagnosis, mourning); III) support for people with advanced dementia and end-of-life care; IV) support for people with young-onset dementia. In both countries, carers feel left without post-diagnostic support; information on the progression of dementia is lacking and some people do not even have a specific diagnosis; encouraging and providing training for carers best manage some of the symptoms is imperative; preparation for end of life care and support carers after the death of their loved ones remains highly needed; strengthening services and qualification of health professionals, also creating protocols to guide dementia-related services represent a common challenge to overcome. The authors outline recommendations according to the issues identified to assist future formulation of adequate policies and services for people with dementia and carers.
Memory training combined with 3D visuospatial stimulus improves cognitive performance in the elderly: pilot study
Authors: Assed Mariana Medeiros , Rocca Cristiana Castanho de Almeida , Garcia Yolanda Maria , Khafif Tatiana Cohab , Belizario Gabriel Okawa , Toschi-Dias Edgar , Serafim Antonio de Pádua
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Studies suggest that the engagement of aged participants in cognitive stimulation programs can reduce expected cognitive decline associated with age. Objective: To evaluate the effects of memory training (MT) associated with three-dimensional multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) NeuroTracker (NT) in the elderly. Methods: Forty-four participants (>60 years of age) were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups: experimental (EG; n=22) and comparative (CG; n=22). Both groups performed 12 one-hour MT sessions, twice a week, consisting of specific computerized stimuli associated with teaching of mnemonic strategies; 10 minutes of NT was part only of the EG’s sessions. In pre- and post-training periods, both groups were evaluated using a sociodemographic questionnaire, neuropsychological assessment, as well as a specific measure offered by NT. Results: Both groups benefited from the MT and reported more positive feelings regarding their memory and quality of life. However, the EG obtained better results in tests consistent with the strategies trained and which involved attentional resources, reaction time, visual processing speed, episodic, semantic, subjective and working memory as well as aspects of social cognition. Conclusions: This study showed that the combination of MT and 3D-MOT contributed for a better cognitive performance in the EG. Thus, the results of the present study encourage further research and the development of combined cognitive interventions for the elderly population with and without cognitive deficits.
Importância das habilidades de ensino em saúde atribuída por estudantes e professores universitários
Authors: Gaspar Fernanda Drummond Ruas , Abbad Gardênia da Silva , Lima Marcelo Nunes de
Published: September 2020

Resumo O artigo teve como objetivo analisar a importância atribuída às habilidades de ensino em saúde por estudantes e docentes universitários dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 com base na aplicação de duas escalas de habilidades de ensino em saúde a 315 estudantes e 80 docentes. Foram analisadas, por meio de testes não paramétricos, diferenças entre grupos de estudantes (tipo de curso, de instituição e faixa etária) e de professores (tipo de curso, de instituição, tempo de atuação e tipo de prática docente). Os resultados indicaram elevada importância das habilidades de ensino em saúde tanto para professores quanto para estudantes universitários. Foram observadas, também, diferenças significativas entre estudantes dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina, de instituições públicas e privadas, assim como de professores com tempos de atuação e práticas docentes distintas. Esse resultado incentiva a realização de pesquisas que avaliem as habilidades de ensino em saúde adotadas em cursos universitários, pois contribuem diretamente para o desenvolvimento de ações de formação docente.
Educação a distância na reprodução do capital: entre a ampliação do acesso e a precarização e alienação do trabalho docente
Authors: Benini Elcio Gustavo , Fernandes Maria Dilnéia , Petean Gustavo Henrique , Penteado Raphael Camargo , Magnin Luana Silvy de Lorenzi Tezza
Published: September 2020

Resumo A educação a distância tem avançado no contexto brasileiro, locus no qual é percebida como objeto de estudo deste ensaio. Ao considerar as mudanças no processo de trabalho docente engendradas pela modalidade a distância, este estudo teve como objetivo tensionar o desenvolvimento da produtividade do trabalho docente por meio da sua racionalização e sua possível relação com o valor da força de trabalho em sentido amplo. De forma específica, analisa a funcionalidade da educação para a reprodução ampliada do capital, assim como suas contradições positivas e limites e tendo como mote o processo de Bolonha, as implicações de uma zona livre educacional. As principais conclusões alcançadas foram: se, por um lado há uma democratização do acesso à educação, a racionalização do trabalho, além de possibilitar uma educação mais acessível, relaciona-se, de forma imediata, com a precarização e alienação do trabalhador docente e, intrinsecamente e de forma mais ampla, com a diminuição do valor da força de trabalho geral, uma vez que diminuem os custos relacionados com a produção da mercadoria força de trabalho.
A economia da depressão está de volta?
Authors: Sicsú João
Published: September 2020

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é caracterizar a situação econômica brasileira atual e esboçar as linhas gerais de um receituário de recuperação. O Brasil possui nos dias de hoje as principais características das depressões de 1870 e 1930. Naqueles episódios, houve uma queda acentuada do produto, uma elevada taxa de desemprego e uma prolongada insuficiência de demanda. O Brasil vive uma depressão e não apenas uma recessão passageira. O diagnóstico e o receituário para a economia brasileira foram elaborados a partir das ideias e da experiência de John Maynard Keynes durante os anos 1930.
Há desindustrialização no Brasil? Um estudo da abordagem clássica e de análises alternativas entre 1998 e 2014
Authors: Maia Bento Antunes de Andrade
Published: September 2020

Resumo Há uma grande controvérsia na literatura econômica brasileira a respeito da hipótese de desindustrialização do Brasil. Os diferentes diagnósticos se devem às distintas definições do processo e aos critérios de análise. O presente estudo irá abordar o tema tanto a partir da definição clássica, utilizada no trabalho seminal de Rowthorn e Wells (1987), como por três conceitos alternativos: i) a desindustrialização prematura; ii) a “visão de Cambridge” e iii) a Mudança Estrutural no interior da indústria de transformação. Os resultados analisados mostram que a desindustrialização brasileira é mais intensa quando analisada pelas abordagens alternativas, pois esse processo ocorre em um nível de produtividade agregado inferior à desindustrialização dos países avançados, a estrutura produtiva da indústria de transformação está se especializando regressivamente, ampliando sua participação em setores de menor produtividade e tem apresentado saldo comercial deficitário a partir de 2008.
Mobilidade na periferia metropolitana fluminense: transporte ativo posto à prova em São João de Meriti, RJ
Authors: Costa Marcelo Mourão Pereira , Alcantara Denise de
Published: September 2020

Resumo Este artigo apresenta investigação sobre cenários de mobilidade urbana em São João de Meriti, município metropolitano fluminense. Com a maior densidade demográfica do estado e um dos mais baixos índices de bem-estar urbano (IBEU) nacionais, a ‘cidade-dormitório’ define-se pelo movimento pendular centro-periferia de sua força de trabalho. A pesquisa qualitativa de cunho empírico busca identificar a estrutura do sistema de redes e fluxos viários, em múltiplas escalas de acessibilidade urbana; compreender a realidade local, políticas públicas e ações de planejamento – ferrovia, explosão demográfica, abertura de rodovias e industrialização; e articular questões de gestão municipal à Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana. Metodologicamente, são realizados levantamentos de campo para medições e mapeamentos dos aspectos físico-espaciais; análises espaciais e de dados aerofotogramétricas com o uso de geotecnologias SIG; análise qualitativa de transporte público e integração com alternativas na microacessibilidade. Priorizam-se cenários de transporte coletivo e não motorizado, promoção da caminhabilidade e acessibilidade universal; redução do uso de veículo individual motorizado, considerando limites e desafios para assegurar a mobilidade urbana sob premissas de inclusão social e da sustentabilidade ambiental. Analisam-se ao final os resultados da inserção de projetos ciclo viários e de conexão intermodal pela gestão municipal.
Pandemic, social isolation and the importance of people-plant interaction
Authors: Reis Simone Novaes , Reis Michele Valquíria dos , Nascimento Ângela Maria Pereira do
Published: September 2020

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought drastic routine changes to the world’s population. Social isolation, one of the recommended practices to curb the spread of the disease, can lead to the development of several problems, such as depression, stress, apathy and loneliness. However, practices associated with the cultivation and contemplation of flowers and ornamental plants can be an option to aid in the care for the mental health of the population. It has been proven that hortitherapy helps in the treatment of mental illness, in the recovery of patients. Biophilia incorporated into architectural design and gardening, as a hobby and occupational therapy, can also be used to improve physical and mental health. Activities can be done indoors, outdoors or even virtual, with flowers and plants used as supporting instruments to make the population feel better, including the situation experienced by the period of seclusion.
Nitrogen doses in the development of DiscoveryTM Bermudagrass during winter
Authors: Prates Adrielle Rodrigues , Santos Patrick Luan Ferreira dos , Nascimento Matheus Vinícios Leal do , Costa João Victor , Silva Philippe Solano Toledo , Villas Bôas Roberto Lyra
Published: September 2020

Abstract DiscoveryTM bermudagrass has been used in ornamental and sporty low-traffic turfgrass, due to its intense green coloring and slow growth, as an alternative in the search to reduce maintenance costs, such as cutting and nitrogen fertilization. However, little is known about fertilization recommendations in winter seasons, especially nitrogen fertilization. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate different doses of N in the development of bermudagrass DiscoveryTM in winter. The experiment was carried out during the winter, in an area with DiscoveryTM lawn already implemented. The design was entirely causalized, with 5 doses of N (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 g N m-2) through the application of urea, with four repetitions, using 20% of the doses, according to crop requirement for winter, in a single application. The evaluated parameters were green color index (GCI), (Scout CM-1000 and Scout TCM 500), height, dry mass, traction and analysis by digital image of the lawn. It was observed that with the increase of N doses there was an increase in biometric assessments, however the analysis by digital image showed uneven results, and the traction of the lawn did not differ between treatments. Larger doses provided a better visual aspect of the lawn, but for the economic aspect, it is concluded that the use of 20% of the doses between 30 and 40 g N m-2, applied only once during the winter, is more recommended for the development of the DiscoveryTM bermudagrass.
Aesthetic and sensory quality of Emerald grass (Zoysia japonica) as a function of substrate cultivation and mineral fertilization
Authors: Santos Patrick Luan Ferreira dos , Silva Philippe Solano Toledo , Matos Aline Marchetti Silva , Alves Maria Luana , Nascimento Matheus Vinícios Leal do , Castilho Regina Maria Monteiro de
Published: September 2020

Abstract Ornamental lawns, such as Emerald grass (Zoysia japonica), require adequate fertilization management for their development, as well as the substrate used as a base in cultivation is of great importance to improve the aesthetic quality of the species. These two factors together, can provide a better acceptance of the turfgrass, through sensory analysis. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the aesthetic and sensory quality of the Emerald grass, as a function of cultivation on substrates and mineral fertilization. The work was carried out from September to December 2012, in a 5x3 factorial scheme [5 substrates x (2 fertilizers + control)], with 3 repetitions. Emerald grass mats were implanted in 8.5 L containers, filled with 5 substrates: S1 = soil, S2 = soil + sand (2:1), S3 = soil + organic compost (1:1), S4 = soil + compost organic + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = compost + sand (3:1). And the fertilizers used were based on a NPK formulation (10-10-10) applying 60 g m-2, and 125 g m-2 of a commercial product. Were evaluated: lawn height, relative chlorophyll index, dark green color index, and sensory analysis for appearance and color attributes and acceptability index. It was observed that the substrates based on organic compost presented the best results for the evaluated parameters, and the fertilizations carried out with the commercial product and the formulated NPK, presented similar results in the grass development evaluations, while the sensorial analysis is an important tool for accepting the aesthetics of a lawn.
Buckling behaviour of dented short cylindrical shells retrofitted with CFRP
Authors: Dizaji Ali Aghazadeh , Kiliç Mahmut , Maali Mahyar , Aydin Abdulkadir Cüneyt
Published: September 2020

Thin-walled shell structures are characterised by a lightweight structural form with high strength. The importance of using cylinders and cones has long been known to engineers and designers in various engineering disciplines and they are widely used in shell form. In this work, the buckling and post-buckling behaviour of thin-walled cylindrical shells with geometric imperfections was investigated under vacuum-type pressure loads. Ten shell models with dents of two depths and lengths were designed for experimental tests: the dents were the thickness or twice the thickness of the shell, while their lengths were half or one-third of the height of the model. Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was used to retrofit some of the dented models. Test results from the CFRP specimens and the non-CFRP specimens were then compared with each other and with theoretical calculations.
Tribunal Permanente de Revisión en la línea del tiempo. 2002-2019
Authors: Méndez Maider
Published: September 2020

On the occasion of the 15 years of installation of the Permanent Review Court (TPR) in the city of Asunción, this work aims to present the historical aspects, arranged chronologically, that led to its installation and, also, to expose the evolution of the Dispute Settlement System, in particular, as regards the TPR.
Underlying Inflation: Its Measurement and Significance
Authors: Rudd Jeremy B.
Published: September 2020

Underlying inflation is the rate of inflation that would be expected to eventually prevail in the absence of economic slack, supply shocks, idiosyncratic relative price changes, or other disturbances. Underlying inflation is a useful benchmark for monetary policy in that it provides an idea of the rate of price change that would be expected to obtain under "normal" circumstances in an economy where the level of resource utilization is putting neither upward nor downward pressure on inflation.
Properties of microporous composite ceramics based on zirconium and aluminum oxides
Authors: Komolikov Yu. I. , Kashcheev I. D. , Zemlyanoy K. G. , Vasilenko O. N. , Pudov V. I.
Published: September 2020

The processes of obtaining ceramic microporous diaphragms based on aluminum and zirconium oxides have been studied. The diaphragm test results for long-term corrosion resistance are presented. It was shown that a ceramic material based on zirconium and aluminum oxides obtained at 1350 °C with linear shrinkage of 7,5 % has an open porosity of 49 % and a flexural strength of 48 MPa. The diaphragms obtained from this material can withstand pressure up to 1.0 MPa and can work under the conditions of electrolysis of aqueous solutions of chlorides for at least 40,000 hours.
Desiliconization of leucoxene concentrate through the vacuum silicothermic reduction
Authors: Istomina E. I. , Istomin P. V. , Nadutkin A. V. , Grass V. E.
Published: September 2020

A new approach to the processing of leucoxene concentrate through the vacuum silicothermic reduction of titanium and silicon oxides using technical silicon as a reducing agent is presented. It has been shown that the reactions occurring during the high-temperature process are accompanied by the formation of SiO gas resulting in desiliconization of the leucoxene concentrate. The highest desiliconization degree of 82 % was achieved when the content of silicon in the reactant mixture was 29 wt. %.
The effect of the conductive walls of the cooking furnace of an electric furnace on the distribution of energy flows
Authors: Shustrov N. N. , Puzach V. G. , Bezenkov S. A.
Published: September 2020

A method for modeling the electric glass melting process, which allows obtaining information about the unity of electric and thermal processes in the glass mass in an electric glass melting furnace has been developed. The furnace’s cooking pool is made of conductive chromoxide. The work was carried out using modeling on the EGDA integrator, as a result of which two versions of experimental electric furnaces with different directions of power lines and a pilot industrial furnace with a capacity of 7 tons per day for melting E glass, widely used in the manufacture of fiberglass, were built.
Obtaining refractory materials from chromite raw materials of Karelia and physical and chemical processes in their service
Authors: Zavertkin A. S.
Published: September 2020

The mineral and chemical compositions of the chromite raw materials of the Karelian-Kola region are studied, the physical and chemical processes for the production of refractory materials from chromite concentrate are established, the phase and structure formation during drying, firing and during service are determined. The dependence of some properties of refractories on their material, grain and phase compositions has been established.
Analytical analysis of the influence of aluminum-containing nanotechnogenic raw materials on the performance of acid-resistant materials
Authors: Abdrakhimov V. Z. , Abdrakhimova E. S.
Published: September 2020

The results of analytical analysis of the effect of nanotechnogenic waste ― spent catalyst on acid resistance, strength and heat resistance of acid-resistant tiles showed three main areas of structural adjustment of the material: increasing the growth rate of indicators, a constant growth rate and a site with a sharply negative growth dynamics. Structural changes that improve the studied indicators are associated with the formation of a new mineral ‒ mullite; the negative growth dynamics of indicators is associated with an increase in the amount of cristobalite, which contributes to an increase in the volume of the product by 15,4 %.
Intensification of foam technology by the energy of the electrohydrothermal force field. Part 1. Analysis of the features of generating internal pressure in the foam mass when electric current energy is introduced into it
Authors: Sokov V. N.
Published: September 2020

A concept has been put forward about the potential energy inherent in the nature of the foam system to self-compact under the complex action of an electrohydrothermal force field on it. The generation of excess internal pressure in the foam system was studied analytically and experimentally. Experimental data on monitoring the dynamics of temperature and pressure were obtained using a computer and a modern electronic component base. The method inherent in the technology allows combining a number of processes in one operation: compaction of the refractory components of the mixture, removal of shrinkage moisture, stamping of any profile of a lightweight product, providing clear edges that do not require grinding and trimming of products.
Mineralogy and microstructure of skull varieties in blast furnace № 6 JSC EVRAZ NTMK
Authors: Perepelitsyn V. A. , Zemlyanoy K. G. , Mironov K. V. , Forshev A. A. , Nikolaev F. P. , Sushnikov D. V.
Published: September 2020

The results of a comprehensive study of the material composition and microstructure of 20 skull samples taken after blowing out blast furnace № 6 of EVRAZ NTMK JSC are presented. More than 30 minerals and metal phases of different chemical classes were diagnosed in the samples of the skull. Unlike the skull of blast furnaces of other metallurgical plants (NLMK, ZSMK), the skull of NTMK blast furnaces has an abnormally high content of titanium, zinc, vanadium compounds, as well as heavy non-ferrous metals and sulfur. On the basis of a detailed petrographic analysis, 5 structural and genetic types (varieties in composition and origin) of the garnice were identified. The varieties of the garnish contain a large amount of grenal, which is dominated by refractory compounds of titanium and vanadium carbonitrides of the general formula (Ti, V) (C, N).
Identity Centrality and Well-Being in Lesbian and Bisexual Women College Students
Authors: Rosner Christine M. , Armstrong Trey W. , Walsh Michaela V. , Castillo Linda G.
Published: September 2020

Identity centrality and well-being may hold relevance to lesbian and bisexual women college students as they navigate emerging adulthood, develop their identities, and work towards greater authenticity and self-acceptance. This study sought to investigate if identity centrality clusters as identified by Meca and colleagues (2015) could be replicated in a sample of lesbian and bisexual identified college students. Drawing upon extant literature, we hypothesized that lesbian and bisexual women would have profiles of identity centrality that emphasize different aspects of identity and that balanced identity centrality profiles would be associated with higher eudaimonic well-being. Six profiles (or clusters) of identity centrality were found for each group; obtained clusters partially replicated clusters found in Meca et al. (2015). Interestingly, obtained profiles differed between the group of lesbian and the group of bisexual-identified women. Departing from the work of Meca et al. (2015), identity centrality profiles which demonstrated high centrality across all components (engaged/public) and those that deemphasized collective identity (low collective) profiles were associated with higher eudaimonic well-being among both participant groups.
Investigating the Backwash Effect of Higher Education Exam (YGS) on University Students’ Attitudes
Authors: Polat Murat
Published: September 2020

The application of high-stakes tests to choose students for higher education in Turkey has been considered as a reliable and effective way of assessment for so long. However, the application of a multiple-choice test in testing various skills could bring a number of side-effects with itself. This study aimed to investigate the backwash effect of the university exam on university students’ attitudes. To be able to collect data from participants, it was first aimed to develop an attitude scale to examine the washback effect of Higher Education Exam (YGS). Considering the views of 5 academicians from educational sciences, ELT and testing disciplines, a preliminary version of the washback scale was developed. Next, the new scale was piloted in order to do its exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Third, the scale’s internal reliability was measured and the scale which had 3 factors and 13 items was proven to be a valid and reliable tool to collect data including university students’ views towards the washback effect of the university exam on their attitudes. Data of this study were collected from 5 state universities with the contribution of 1617 students from different grades and disciplines. The results showed that YGS had negative washback effects on university students in terms of test anxiety and study habits but considering its impact on students’ time management skills, YGS was reported to have a positive impact on participants.
Gender in a Box? The Paradoxes of Recognition beyond the Gender Binary
Authors: Aboim Sofia
Published: September 2020

The growing visibility of trans and gender-nonconforming individuals paved the way for a novel politics of transgender recognition in the legal sphere and state-governed public policies. Considering that the possibilities for registering multiple genders beyond male or female are taking effect in several countries, this article examines recent developments and claims that recognition is complicit with misrecognition for two main reasons. Firstly, because models of recognition tend to equalize all the interactions and all the fields of social life. Drawing on Axel Honneth’s notion of spheres of recognition, I argue that inasmuch as different forms of recognition (legal, moral, affective) are governed by different norms and gender regimes, the dynamics of recognition produce misrecognition. Secondly, because legal and institutional recognition tends to reify individual identity. Drawing on Nancy Fraser’s critique of the identity model of recognition, I contend that the identity recognition model tends to impose a norm rather than recognizing diversity. Therefore, gender identity categories can—through a process of reification—block the entitlement to affirm one’s self-determined gender identity. The paradoxical dynamics of recognition are empirically illustrated through an analysis of third-gender markers and their effects upon the lives and narratives of trans and gender-nonconforming individuals. By examining the case of Nepal in comparative perspective with other developments in Asia and South America, it is demonstrated that the identity model of recognition is complicit with feelings and practices of misrecognition.
From Medical to Human-Rights Norms: Examining the Evolution of Trans Norms in the Netherlands
Authors: Soto-Lafontaine Melisa
Published: September 2020

Examining the dynamics underpinning the evolution of trans norms in the Netherlands, from their emergence there in 1952 up until 2019, this article traces their development through four historical phases, each marked by notable milestones and supported by different sets of frames, actors, and norm-change mechanisms. My analysis shows that the normative profile of trans issues in the Netherlands has long been ruled by medical frames, but the last decades have also witnessed the emergence and establishment of a new set of frames rooted in human-rights discourses. By tracing the trajectory of trans norms in the Netherlands and examining the mechanisms underlying the emergence and changes of frames, this article contributes to the theoretical body of studies on norm diffusion by introducing the role of hybrid entrepreneurs, the dynamic co-assembling of medical and legal domains and the self-lead trans emancipation as a social entrepreneurial strategy.
STARTUP AS A NEW CONTENT IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Mazur I.
Published: September 2020

The article studies theoretical foundations for the essence of entrepreneurship and entrepreneur; specifics in defining the concept of “entrepreneur” by representatives of economic schools; four stages of formation of the theories of entrepreneurship, where the characteristic features of the entrepreneur that changed under the influence of socio-economic development (external environment) are analyzed.

Based on the economic characteristics of changes in the development of macro and micro levels, the emergence of new types of entrepreneurial activity – startups – is justified; a startup is defined as a fast-growing entity of small innovative entrepreneurship with a short-term history of operations, which operates in conditions of uncertainty and aims to create a fundamentally new product to meet the specific needs of consumers.

The logic of forming of the concept of entrepreneur-startupper in the structural scheme is substantiated; the characteristic of a startuper as a peculiar combination of transformed traits of an entrepreneur in accordance to the stages of development of the theory of entrepreneurship is given; the characteristic features of the startupper are revealed; the peculiarities of the functioning of startups in Ukraine are analyzed.

The characteristic of the special features of the startup entrepreneur is offered; further study of theories of entrepreneurship in accordance to the trends of the global economy under uncertainty, as well as the study of the features of development and functioning of new business entities – startups as a solution for unmet consumer needs and how to use modern technologies to create a new product, are justified.
A Content Analysis of Health Promotion Topics Selected by an Old Order Mennonite Community
Authors: Main M. Eve , Garrett-Wright Dawn , Jones M. Susan
Published: September 2020

In the United States, population growth in the Anabaptists has increased in the past 60 years, and Kentucky is one of the few southern states with a significant Plain Anabaptist population. One Old Order Mennonite community in south central Kentucky has hosted monthly health promotion days for over 18 years in partnership with a university. Using a community-based participatory model, community members identify the health promotion topic (HPT) of interest each month and the academic partners seek an appropriate speaker to lead a discussion on the selected topic. Using a qualitative design with content analysis, four researchers examined each HPT for frequency and categorization. The health promotion topic categories included communicable disease, health lifestyle practices, mental health conditions, navigating the health care system, self-care for illness or injury, and quest for medical knowledge.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Donnermeyer Joseph F. , Nolt Steven M.
Published: September 2020

No abstract available.
OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING SUNFLOWER OIL BY TAGUCHI AND ANN TECHNIQUES
Authors: KOLAKOTİ Aditya
Published: September 2020

Sunflower oil is commonly used for cooking purposes. After their repetitive usage, these oils are treated as waste and being dumped. Due to the huge population, the utilization of oil for daily requirements is also high. Every day tonnes of waste cooking oil (WCO) are being discarded which eventually increases environmental pollution. Therefore, WCO was proposed to use for biodiesel production. To achieve maximum biodiesel yield with limited experiments, optimization techniques are popular. In this endeavor, nine experiments were conducted based on Taguchi orthogonal array and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based feedforward backpropagation was used for validation of the transesterification process. A maximum yield of 92.17% was achieved at a molar ratio (MR) of 12:1, catalyst concentration (CC) of 15, reaction temperature at 550C and reaction time for one hour. CC was observed as the highest influence factor on biodiesel yield. The accuracy of the chosen optimization models was determined by the coefficient of determination which is almost the same for Taguchi (0.9959) and ANN (0.9955). This shows that these models are highly accurate in prediction. As a conclusion, by utilizing WCO for biodiesel production can decrease the overall production cost and the obtained biodiesel properties meet the international standards.
Study of umbilical coiling index and perinatal outcome
Authors: Singh Sujata , Pai Swati , Sahu Barsha
Published: September 2020

Background: Study was to evaluate the relationship between umbilical coiling index (UCI) and hypo-and hyper coiling of the umbilical cord and parity, neonatal weight, Ponderal Index (PI), APGAR (Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) score, meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and delivery interventions.Method: A prospective analytical study was performed from January 2017 to December 2018. Total of 300 patients giving birth at labour room of SCB Medical College, Cuttack were taken into study. Immediately following delivery, the umbilical cord was clamped at the foetal end and cut with scissors. UCI, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome was followed up.Results: There were 149 lower segment caesarean sections accounting to 49.7% and 151 vaginal deliveries including instrumental deliveries which was accounting to 50.3%. Minimum number of coils observed was 2. The maximum number of coils observed was 50. Caesarean section was more in hypo coiling group. APGAR score at 5 min was calculated and there was a total of 109 neonates who had APGAR <7 at 5 minutes (36.33%) out of which there were 17 neonates with hypo coiling (2.33%), 77 neonates with normo-coiling (25.66%) and 15 neonates with hyper coiling (5%). Meconium staining and instrumental delivery was more associated with hyper coiling.Conclusion: Both hyper-coiling and hypo-coiling had significant correlation with adverse perinatal outcome. If the UCI can be measured reliably in utero by ultrasound, then it might be a promising prognostic marker for adverse pregnancy outcome.
A cross-sectional study for determining the perception and preferences of immunity boosters for protection against COVID-19
Authors: Nanavaty Dhairya P. , Sanghvi Ankushi A. , Mehta Manav S. , Gupta Sarbari , Dumra Gurusharan
Published: September 2020

Background: The World Health Organisation declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020.  The consumption of vitamins, especially C, D, and zinc, hydroxychloroquine, and Arsenicum album 30 (homeopathy), has increased tremendously. However, the clinical trial showing the benefits of these agents is still underway though there have been a lot of discussion about these in print, electronic, and social media.Method: A questionnaire-based observational study was conducted. The participants were inquired about the use of any type of immunity booster by them and the source of information regarding the same. The data was analysed using Excel and Python.Results: Our study included 1147 participants. A dramatic increase of 21.97% in the consumption of immunity-boosting agents after the COVID-19 outbreak was observed, maximally in Ayurveda. The major source of information for immunity-boosters was provided by friends/family/relatives (50.4%). 52.7% of the respondents selected Ayurveda as their preferred choice of immunity booster (prophylaxis). If the respondents were to develop any of the COVID-19 symptoms, the majority (45.1%) decided to contact their family doctor, and 53.7% chose Allopathy as their preferred system for treatment. 91.5% of the respondents agreed to take a vaccine if it develops.Conclusion: There has been a boom in the immunity booster drug market because people are selecting immunity boosters despite no scientific background. It is imperative to educate people regarding the same and also conduct research studies to find benefits, if any.
Research on the Application of Micro-classes in Higher Vocational English Teaching
Authors: Zhang Yongsheng
Published: September 2020

Based on the characteristics of micro-class teaching and the current problems of low student autonomy and initiative that are prone to occur in higher vocational colleges, this article focuses on the characteristics of English teaching in higher vocational colleges, explores the micro-class application is through the establishment of a micro-course resource platform, to broaden the channels of micro-course acquisition, deal with the three problems of micro-class teaching level, depth and structure, and combine micro-class technology with higher vocational English education. This teaching application of vocational English is of great significance for improving the effectiveness and the quality of higher vocational English education.
A Brief Talk on the Strategies of Implementing Chinese Language Teaching to Mongolian Overseas Students
Authors: Zhao Jinse
Published: September 2020

TCFL is a new discipline. Although TCFL has developed rapidly in China, it is still a relatively young discipline. TCFL in Inner Mongolia University is aimed at Mongolian students. As a branch discipline, Chinese teaching for Mongolian students is distinctive in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, so it can be called “the new in the new”. We sum up the experience of this teaching activity in time and actively explore, from which we can find out the scientific rule of constructing this scientific teaching system.