bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A population-based study on incidence trends of small intestine cancer in the United States from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Ilaghi Mehran , Mahdavizadeh Vahid , Ebrahimi Rasoul , Aslani Armin , Yekta Zahra , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
Published: August 2024

Background

Although rare, small intestine cancer is on the rise in the developed world. We aimed to investigate the incidence trends of small intestine cancer by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and histological subgroups in the United States (US) over 2000–2020. Also, we evaluated the COVID-19 impacts on the incidence trends of this cancer.

Methods

Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 database. Both the average annual percent change (AAPC) and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were determined. The findings were expressed as counts and incidence rates adjusted for age per 100,000 people with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 67,815 cases of small intestine cancer across all age groups were reported in the US between 2000 and 2019. Neuroendocrine carcinoma was the most often reported subtype (54.26%). The age group of 55 to 69 years (38.08%), men (53.10%), and Non-Hispanic Whites (69.07%) accounted for the majority of cases. Over 2000–2019, the ASIRs for small intestine cancer among men and women were 2.61 (95% CI: 2.59–2.64) and 1.92 (95% CI: 1.89–1.94) per 100,000, indicating a significant increase of 2.01% and 2.12%, respectively. Non-Hispanic Black men had the highest ASIR (4.25 per 100,000). Also, those aged 80–84 age group had the highest ASIR. During COVID-19, the ASIR of small intestine cancer decreased by 8.94% (5.06–12.81%).

Conclusions

Small intestine cancer incidence raised in all sexes and ethnicities. Following COVID-19, reported cases declined, possibly due to pandemic-related diagnostic challenges. The impact of underdiagnosis on patient survival needs further investigations.
Coping strategies and symptoms of Adjustment Disorder among adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Danielsson Katarina , Arnberg Filip K. , Bondjers Kristina
Published: August 2024

Background

The current study examined whether coping strategies and symptoms of Adjustment Disorder in adults with ADHD differed from what was observed in the general adult population during the Covid-19 pandemic, and compared the extent to which coping strategies and symptom levels of Adjustment Disorder were related to ADHD.

Method

This cross-sectional study was based on survey data collected during the spring of 2021 from 231 adult ADHD patients in specialist care and 1148 volunteers without ADHD in Sweden. The survey included questions about sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, along with the Brief-COPE and Adjustment Disorder–New Module 8 questionnaires. Regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were used for between-group comparisons of coping strategies and symptoms of Adjustment Disorder.

Results

There were some notable differences in the use of coping strategies between persons with and without ADHD; however, many of these differences were not observed in the adjusted models. The use of behavioral disengagement was more frequently observed among individuals with ADHD, whereas planning was more common among individuals without ADHD. Individuals with ADHD appeared to show higher symptom levels of Adjustment Disorder during the pandemic. Passive coping strategies, such as denial, self-blame, and behavioral disengagement, were associated with higher symptom levels of adjustment disorder in both individuals with and without ADHD.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the results highlight that persons with ADHD may need more support to adjust to large societal changes than the general public. Potential targets for intervention towards members of this group include reducing resignation and maladaptive coping strategies.
Transforming Tofu Quality Control: Integrating Statistical Process Control, Ishikawa, and Interpretive Structural Modeling for Superior Outcomes
Authors: Handayani DWI IRYANING , Qurtubi
Published: August 2024

In a highly competitive market, maintaining high product quality is essential for maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty. Producers are famous in East Java and face the challenge of ensuring consistent quality products through strict production processes. Know that as easy products broken and soft, needy control of careful quality to meet hope consumers about freshness, texture, and quality in a way whole. Although traditional control methods often fail to overcome the production complex that causes a disabled product. This research proposes integrating Statistical Process Control (SPC), Ishikawa diagrams, and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to improve control quality. SPC makes it possible to monitor and control production processes in real-time, identify deviations, and repair deviations. However, the SPC limitations include a focus on quantitative data and post-incident detection problems. To overcome root problems, the Ishikawa diagram categorizes the reasons for potency as material, machine, method, power work, and environment. ISM prioritizes action repair based on impact and relationship. Approach This integrated approach provides comprehensive solutions to improve the quality of knowledge. In this study, the control process quality was evaluated using SPC, the cause of defects was identified using Ishikawa diagrams, and priority action repair was performed via ISM. Findings show that SPC directly effectively monitors process control, the Ishikawa diagram identifies main defects, and ISM prioritizes impactful action improvements, emphasizes excessive additions to subtraction materials, and improves health workers’ and mixing process material standards. Approach integrated possible identification of additional problems and improved the quality strategic makes a significant contribution to enhancing product quality knowledge.
Pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan dengan persepsi risiko sebagai variabel intervening pada usaha cafe di kota Ternate (studi kasus pada owner cafe barista shop)
Authors: Kasim Jumainda
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan dengan persepsi risiko sebagai variabel intervening pada usaha cafe di Kota Ternate. Objek penelitian ini adalah pada usaha cafe di kota ternate 2023. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan total usaha cafe di Kota Ternate adalah sebanyak 50 cafe. Sehingga jumlah sampel yang dipeoleh adalah 50dari jumlah populasi. Alat uji yang digunakan adalah analisi Partial Least square (PLS) menggunakan software SmartPLS SEM (partial least square-Structural Equation Modeling)Hasil penelitianini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) literasi keuangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan keuangan, (2) literasi keuangan berpengaruh terhadap persepsi risiko, (3) persepsi risiko tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan keuangan, dan (4) literasi keuangan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan tidak memediasi risiko bisnis.Kata Kunci: literasi keuangan, pengelolaan keuangan, persepsi risiko
The National Element in Polish Music of the Period of the Partitions – Symbolic Violence or Weaponised Culture?
Authors: Poniatowska Irena
Published: August 2024

This study presents the concept of nationality in Polish music during the partition period as an interaction of three basic conceptual categories and evolution of their perception. The first one is a modern concept of nation, covering all social strata, being formed since the beginning of the 19th century and developed in the period between the November and January Uprisings. Historians apply the concepts of Johann Georg Herder and Stanisław Staszic unifying the role of a language.
The second category is Romanticism as an aesthetic and social challenge that underlines personality and subjectivity rather than ethnic or social origins; as a concept of deepest spirituality expressed in non-conceptual art of music.
All the elements making up the concept of nationality drew their strength from the third category – historicism which took control over the culture and art of the century. Almost mythical vision of an ideal, historic homeland dominated music, to the highest degree the operas on Polish themes, and, on unprecedented scale, adaptations of the canon of the greatest Polish literature (Słowacki, Mickiewicz, Kraszewski, Sienkiewicz, Wyspiański). In spite of the emergence of Positivism, the Romantic motifs in Polish poetry and belletristic such as the need for sacrifice to save Poland did not vanish. Similarly, in the fine arts, especially in the 2nd half of the 19th century, a remarkable growth in historic painting was observed. ‘Not only a sword but also a book promised salvation’, writes Alina Witkowska.
The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on upper esophageal sphincter function: Insights from PH impedance and high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Bentley Blake , Chanaa Fadi , Cecil Alexa , Clayton Steven
Published: August 2024

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pathophysiology has been established in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); however, less is understood regarding the role the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) plays in preventing laryngopharynphageal reflux. Sustained UES basal pressure prevents reflux into the pharynx while allowing relaxation during ingestion. We investigate whether GERD influences UES function via HRM and pH Impedance testing. A retrospective analysis of 318 patients who underwent high‐resolution manometry with trans‐nasally placed manometric catheter and 24‐h multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring. One hundred and forty‐seven patients met Lyon consensus criteria for GERD based on acid exposure time >6%. The most common chief concern was heartburn or reflux, present in 59% of these patients. Upper esophageal sphincter basal and residual pressures were not significantly different between patients with GERD when compared to those without GERD, including a subanalysis of patients with extraesophageal symptoms. The LES basal and residual pressures, DCI and MNBI are statistically lower in patients with pathologic GERD. HRM and pH Impedance testing demonstrates no difference in UES basal and residual pressures based on pH diagnosis of GERD. We redemonstrate the association with hypotonic LES, diminished DCI and MNBI with GERD.
The effect of clay reinforcement of pine pollen grains on the mechanical, anti-corrosion and anti-microbial properties of an epoxy coating
Authors: Mrah Lahouari , Khiati Zoulikha , Mezrai Abdelmoumin
Published: August 2024

In this work, a new material (PP-Mag) was manufactured using pine pollen (PP) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTA-Mag). By combining PP and Maghnite with an epoxy resin (EP), innovative nanocomposite materials was developed. With different blend compositions, the effect of EP on the mechanical properties, polarisation tests, salt spray tests and morphological characteristics of the blends was studied. The storage modulus (E′) of EP is 2179 MPa, which increases to 2361 MPa with increasing PP-Mag content. The mechanical properties of the blends containing EP/wt%PP/Mag showed an improved performance due to a better adhesion between the two phases when EP is incorporated. It was shown that the PP/Mag materials present in the matrix improve the corrosion resistance according to the different polarisation tests and the salt spray test.
Exploration of different multi-peak solitons and vibrant breather type waves’ solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with advanced dispersion and cubic–quintic nonlinearity, unveiling their applications
Authors: Shehzad Khurrem , Wang Jun , Arshad Muhammad , Ghamkhar Madiha
Published: August 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSEs) of higher order illustrate the transmission of extremely short light pulses in fiber optics. In this manuscript, we employ the two-variable (1/G, G′/G)-expansion technique to construct bright and multi-peak solitons, periodic multi-solitons, breather type solitary waves, periodic peakon solitons, and other wave solutions of higher-order NLSE in mono-mode optical fiber and generalized NLSE with cubic–quintic nonlinearity. The two-variable (1/G, G′/G)-expansion method is a generalization of the (G′/G)-expansion method, offering a more robust mathematical tool for solving various nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in mathematical physics. We also analyze the characteristics of waves conducive to the formation of bright–dark and other soliton forms within this medium. Additionally, we provide graphical representations of the obtained results to visually depict the dynamical models under consideration. Our findings highlight the potency, reliability, and versatility of the proposed technique, which holds promise for solving a wide array of similar models encountered in applied sciences and engineering.
Maternal and newborn outcomes in pregnancies complicated by Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Taylor Samantha , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Spence Andrea R. , Abenhaim Haim A.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. The purpose of our study was to evaluate maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes among pregnancies complicated by GBS.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project – National Inpatient Sample from the United States. ICD-9 codes were used to identify all pregnant women who delivered between 1999 and 2015 and had a diagnosis of GBS. The remaining women without GBS who delivered during that time period constituted the comparison group. The associations between maternal GBS and obstetrical and fetal/neonatal outcomes were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression, while adjusting for the confounding effects of maternal characteristics.

Results

Of 13,792,544 births included in our study, 291 were to women with GBS, for an overall incidence of 2.1/100,000 births. A steady increase in maternal GBS was observed over the study period (from 1.26 to 3.8/100,000 births, p=0.02). Further, women with GBS were more likely to have pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, OR 1.69 (95 % CI 1.06–2.69), sepsis, 9.30 (2.33–37.17), postpartum hemorrhage, 1.83 (1.07–3.14), and to require a transfusion, 4.39 (2.39–8.05). They were also at greater risk of caesarean delivery, 2.07 (1.58–2.72) and increased length of hospital stay, 4.48 (3.00–6.69). Newborns of women with GBS were more likely to be growth restricted, 2.50 (1.48–4.23).

Conclusions

GBS in pregnancy is associated with maternal and newborn adverse outcomes. These patients would benefit from close follow-up throughout their pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
The crystal structure of 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-1H-imidazole 3-oxide
Authors: Pengjuan Li , Jun Yuan , Jihui Zhang , Jianlong Wang
Published: August 2024

C6H8N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14) a = 5.2014(4) Å, b = 13.4511(9) Å, c = 9.6808(6) Å, β = 97.867(3)∘, V = 670.94(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0451, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1308, T = 170 K.
The chaotic behavior and traveling wave solutions of the conformable extended Korteweg–de-Vries model
Authors: Liu Chunyan
Published: August 2024

In this article, the phase portraits, chaotic patterns, and traveling wave solutions of the conformable extended Korteweg–de-Vries (KdV) model are investigated. First, the conformal fractional order extended KdV model is transformed into ordinary differential equation through traveling wave transformation. Second, two-dimensional (2D) planar dynamical system is presented and its chaotic behavior is studied by using the planar dynamical system method. Moreover, some three-dimensional (3D), 2D phase portraits and the Lyapunov exponent diagram are drawn. Finally, many meaningful solutions are constructed by using the complete discriminant system method, which include rational, trigonometric, hyperbolic, and Jacobi elliptic function solutions. In order to facilitate readers to see the impact of fractional order changes more intuitively, Maple software is used to draw 2D graphics, 3D graphics, density plots, contour plots, and comparison charts of some obtained solutions.
Centrifuge Model Design for Axially Loaded Structures under Large Ground Movements
Authors: Rose Hailey-Rae , Wham Brad P. , Liel Abbie , Dashti Shideh
Published: August 2024

Buried pipelines need to withstand soil friction forces generated during relative movement between the soil and structure. The forces that develop along pipelines with diameter inconsistencies (i.e., with enlarged connections) are severely underestimated or ignored by current design practices. The movement of these enlarged connections can mobilize soil resistance similar to the response of vertical anchor plates. Previous centrifuge tests of vertical anchor plates have helped determine the soil’s breakout capacity and mapped the failure planes for various anchor conditions. Although centrifuge testing allows large-scale geotechnical problems to be modeled and studied at a reduced-scale, practical limitations exist. In addition, rigid container boundaries are not present in situ and limit the soil’s ability to develop its entire failure plane. Hence, experiments should be designed to reduce such boundary effects. An ideal test box is large enough to fully develop key failure planes in every direction. This paper determines the minimum boundary spacing necessary to adequately develop failure surfaces around a buried pipe. Centrifuge tests were conducted in samples of dense sand to determine how the distance to rigid container boundaries influences the force required to axially displace a pipe joint. Boundary influence was evident through a work-hardening response after the peak force, in which proximity to the boundary increased lateral force because of restricted volume expansion at the soil-container interface. The most influential parameter is experimentally shown as the distance from the pipe joint to the boundary parallel to the joint face in the direction of axial movement. The least significant parameter is the distance from the pipe to the rigid floor because a negligible quantity of soil is mobilized below the joint providing resistance. The results also provide insight into how rigid container boundaries are expected to impact the force-displacement response when minimum required dimensions are not achieved.
A Tool for Processing and Inversion of MASW Data and a Study of Inter-session Variability of MASW
Authors: Olafsdottir Elin Asta , Bessason Bjarni , Erlingsson Sigurdur , Kaynia Amir M.
Published: August 2024

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is a noninvasive active-source technique for determination of near-surface shear wave velocity (VS) profiles. Here we introduce and describe MASWavesPy, an open-source Python package for processing and inverting MASW data, whose design follows an object-oriented paradigm. To assess the performance of the new tool, measurements were conducted at four benchmark sites in Norway, characterized as silt, soft clay, silty sand, and quick clay. The results show that the VS profiles obtained with MASWavesPy compare well with those obtained previously at the respective sites using invasive, noninvasive and laboratory techniques. Furthermore, the efficiency and usability of the new package is superior to previous versions developed by same authors. The software can be accessed through the Python Package Index (PyPI) at https://pypi.org/project/maswavespy/ along with sample data. This work further explores the inter-session variability of MASW measurements for civil engineering applications at soft soil sites. For this purpose, repeated measurements were conducted over a 7-year period at a silty sand site in South Iceland and the recorded time series analyzed using the newly developed tool. The inter-session variability of the analysis results is reported in terms of Rayleigh wave phase velocity, interval VS profiles, and time-averaged VS for reference depths commonly used in practice.
Musicianship and Prominence of Interhemispheric Connectivity Determine Two Different Pathways to Atypical Language Dominance
Authors: Villar-Rodríguez Esteban , Marin-Marin Lidón , Baena-Pérez María , Cano-Melle Cristina , Parcet Maria Antònia , Ávila César
Published: August 2024

During infancy and adolescence, language develops from a predominantly interhemispheric control—through the corpus callosum (CC)—to a predominantly intrahemispheric control, mainly subserved by the left arcuate fasciculus (AF). Using multimodal neuroimaging, we demonstrate that human left-handers (both male and female) with an atypical language lateralization show a rightward participation of language areas from the auditory cortex to the inferior frontal cortex when contrasting speech to tone perception and an enhanced interhemispheric anatomical and functional connectivity. Crucially, musicianship determines two different structural pathways to this outcome. Nonmusicians present a relation between atypical lateralization and intrahemispheric underdevelopment across the anterior AF, hinting at a dysregulation of the ontogenetic shift from an interhemispheric to an intrahemispheric brain. Musicians reveal an alternative pathway related to interhemispheric overdevelopment across the posterior CC and the auditory cortex. We discuss the heterogeneity in reaching atypical language lateralization and the relevance of early musical training in altering the normal development of language cognitive functions.
A new decision-support tool in a multi-center randomized trial for personalized, optimized, and simplified fertility treatment in non-PCOS patients
Authors: Diwekar Urmila , Gupta Shyam , Gahlan Anjali , Hota Sumitra , Murdia Kshitiz , Murdia Nitiz , Chandra Vipin , Bhoi Nihar , Joag Sanjay
Published: August 2024

Graphical abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical decision support tool, Opt-IVF, in achieving the following outcomes: reducing the total cumulative dosage of Gonadotropins (Gns) used during controlled ovarian stimulation cycles and reducing the repeated ultrasonograms (USG) for monitoring follicular growth without compromising the number of good quality blastocysts obtained. The study design employed a multi-center randomized trial. The study enrolled 115 women aged 25–45 years undergoing IVF. Among the participants, 55 were randomly assigned to the intervention group (Opt-IVF), and 60 were randomly assigned to the control group. The intervention involved using a clinical decision support tool, Opt-IVF, to guide Gn dosing and trigger dates. The participants in the intervention group required significantly lower cumulative Gn dosage. The intervention group had higher numbers of oocytes retrieved and M2 retrieved than the control group. The number of good-quality blastocysts, the good-quality blastocyst rate, the ovarian sensitivity index (OSI), and the pregnancy rate in the intervention group were significantly higher than in the control group. The utilization of the clinical decision support tool led to several positive outcomes, including eliminating the need for ultrasound exams after day 5, reducing the dosage of Gn required, and yielding significantly higher numbers of high-quality blastocysts and higher pregnancy rates. Thus, Opt-IVF can successfully provide a personalized, optimized, and simplified approach to superovulation. Opt-IVF consistently outperformed the clinical teams in most of the outcomes.

Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID - NCT05811065). Date of Registration: 15 March 2023. Date of enrollment of the first subject: 20 March 2023.

Lay Summary

The high cost of IVF is a result of costly drugs, fixed prices for infrastructure, extensive testing required, and labor costs for physicians and other healthcare personnel. Superovulation, which involves the drug-induced release of multiple eggs needed for IVF, accounts for a significant share of these costs. Current approaches to superovulation involve almost daily monitoring of follicle development using ultrasound and/or blood tests. The daily dosage of stimulatory hormones is then prescribed by physicians based on empirical data and clinical experience. However, the dose is not optimized for each patient, and overstimulation complications can occur. The cost of testing and drugs makes this stage very expensive. To overcome the shortcomings of this system, we have developed a decision support tool (Opt-IVF) that can provide a personalized model-optimized dosage profile for each patient. The clinical results show that Opt-IVF optimizes and personalizes dosage, reduces testing, and provides better outcomes for patients.
Elektrografinio aparato ERA panaudojimas bibliotekų darbe
Authors: Mačiulytė Z.
Published: August 2024

В работе исследовано применение электрографического аппарата ЭРА в библиотечном деле.Установлено, что аппарат ЭРА можно успешно применять для издания бюллетеня новых книжных поступлений, для размножения периодических и уникальных изданий и рукописей.Электрографические копии можно применять для реставрации книг, для изготовления каталожных карточек, а также в межбиблиотечном абонементе.Электрографическим способом можно изготовлять малоофсетные формы для размножения разных изданий и печатания бланочной продукции в больших тиражах.
Mokyklų bibliotekų komplektavimo klausimai buržuazijos valdymo laikotarpiu Lietuvoje
Authors: Raguotienė G.
Published: August 2024

В статье освещаются вопросы комплектования преимущественно библиотек начальных школ. Формирование фондов этих библиотек определялось рядом условий общественно-политической, педагогической и литературной жизни того времени.Органы буржуазной власти и католической церкви стремились взять в свои руки весь контроль над литературой, которой комплектовались школьные библиотеки. Каждая книга, направляемая в школьную библиотеку, была подвергнута тщательной цензуре со стороны правившей буржуазии и духовенства. В статье дается характеристика деятельности Комиссии по проверке книг и учебных пособий при Министерстве просвещения, которая существовала в Литве с 1924 до 1940 года. В деятельности этой комиссии ярко отразилась политика буржуазной власти и реакционных слоев буржуазного общества в области просвещения в целом и комплектования школьных библиотек в частности. В статье показывается также борьба прогрессивных общественных сил против реакционной линии в комплектовании библиотечных фондов, за демократизацию их содержания. Эта борьба, не утихавшая во все годы буржуазной диктатуры в Литве, составляет важную прогрессивную традицию литовской педагогики и библиотековедения.
Sociologiniai skaitytojų tyrimai užsienio bibliotekose (Apžvalga)
Authors: Sinkevičius K.
Published: August 2024

В последние десятилетия происходящее бурное развитие науки, техники и культуры ставит новые требования перед теорией и практикой библиотечного дела. В поисках оптимального решения создания системы библиотечного обслуживания нужд общества, библиотековеды различных стран все чаще прибегают к социологическим исследованиям потребностей обшества в произведениях печати и способности общества усваивать необходимые ему знания, аккумулированные в произведениях печати.В статье дается обзор основных тенденций, направлений и итогов социологических исследований читателей в Польской Народной Республике, Германской Демократической Республике, Болгарской Народной Республике, Чехословацкой Социалистической Республике, Соединенных Штатах Америки и других странах на базе материалов последних 5–8 лет, содержащихся как в отечественной, так и, особенно, в польской, болгарской, немецкой, а отчасти и в чехословацкой библиотечной печати.Ознакомление с иностранным материалом, даже ограниченное и фрагментарное, позволяет сделать заключение о том, что в отдельных странах социологические исследования читателей проводятся довольно широко, и накопленный материал часто имеет не только локальный характер. Опыт социологических исследований читателей в заграничных странах, методика и материалы этих исследований могут оказывать позитивное влияние на более быстрое решение очередных задач нашего библиотековедения.
A. Kulviečio bibliotekos autoriai ir knygos
Authors: Ročka Marcelinas
Published: August 2024

We know about the library of A. Kulvietis only by a book list which has reached our days. But the list is incomplete and unreliable for in numerous instances no year or place of printing, no quantitative characteristics and sometimes even no name of the author or no title of the book are given.The aim of the present article is to supplement the list as far as possible so that a more exact picture of this first personal scientific library in Lithuania could be gained as because of this it is very important for the study of Lithuanian culture in the first half of the 16th century.
Lenininės nacionalinės politikos atspindžiai tarybinėje bibliotekininkystėje
Authors: Sinkevičius Klemensas
Published: August 2024

The government of tsarist Russia had pursued an anti-national policy of “enlightenment”. In the beginning of the 20th century library network in Russia was very small. In many national regions the stocks of public libraries held less than one book per a 100 inhabitants.V. Lenin, Marxists-Leninists advanced the slogan of equality among peoples, fought for political, economic and cultural development of all the nations and nationalities of the country. The victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution determined the realization of the principles of Leninist national policy.Two tendencies may be distinguished in the history of the development of libraries in the Soviet Union.(1) The librarianship is developed in each national republic, taking into consideration the tenor of life of the population, traditions, plans of economic and cultural development and so on. During a historically short time a broad network of various types of libraries has been created, abundant library holdings have been collected, including the national literature stocks; national staff has been trained, republican centres of librarianship have been established: national libraries, institutions of national bibliography – Book Chambers etc. In this process the libraries of more developed republics rendered a considerable material assistance and gave advice to the libraries of less developed republics.(2) An assimilation and unification of the library work in different republics have been taking place, All-Union administrative and scientific-methodical centres of management have been established, important documents such as regulations, statutes, rules, and other normative documentation have been worked out.The data of recent years show that any Soviet Republic leaves behind developed capitalist countries by the number of books per head of population. For example, the rate of books in the stocks of public libraries of Soviet Lithuania is 5.7, while in Sweden – 2.6, in Norway – 2.5, in Finland – 2.2, in England – 1.9, in Netherlands – 0.7, in West Germany – 0.5, etc.The conditions of modern scientific-technical revolution raise new tasks for the libraries of our country in the sphere of cultural mass activities and scientific information. The solution of these problems envisages a further development of librarianship in national republics, the improvement of coordination and unification of work of the libraries in our country and expansion of the system of business information.The Leninist national policy serves as a firm basis for using all our available theoretical, methodical and material potential in order to solve the tasks of the further development of librarianship in our country.
Knyga masinės komunikacijos priemonių sistemoje
Authors: Samėnas Alvydas
Published: August 2024

In the present article an attempt has been made to determine the place of the book and its relations with other communication means in the system of mass communication. Since the book can serve as a channel of mass and scientific communication it has been attempted here to analize it in the first aspect.The results of the sociological investigations of communications carried out in the USSR and other socialist countries show that the book is means of medium popularity of mass communication, although this does not diminish its importance.In the modern society none of the means of mass communication can occupy an exclusive position both because of its technical possibilities being limited and of the fact that the man himself is inclined to use the whole system of communications.
Lietuvos komunistų partijos pirmoji „Spartako“ spaustuvė (1920.IX–1922.III.28)
Authors: Žeimantas Viktoras
Published: August 2024

The article is based on the analysis of technical means of the Spartakas I press. The Lithuanian Communist Party had some printing presses named Spartakas, thus they are numbered in order to distinguish them. All the known archival material, the reminiscencies of Nora Melnalskaite, who worked at this press, and also the memoirs of the authors who wrote about the work of the Party and its press in this period, have been used in the present work.It has been established that the secret press carried out its first work in September, 1920. The day when the bourgeois secret police discovered Spartakas I is the date of its closing. It happened on the 28th of March, 1922.Spartakas I was one of the greatest illegal enterprises of the Lithuanian Communist Party during all its secret activities. The press disposed not only of relief printing but also of planographic printing (lithography). Spartakas I printed the newspapers Tiesa (“Truth”) Oct. 1920 to 28th Feb. 1922, Kareivių tiesa (“Soldiers’ Truth”) 8th March, 1920, to 3rd Jan., 1922. Jaunasis Komunistas (“The Young Communist”) Apr. 1921 to Feb. 1922, Czervony sztandar (“The Red Flag”) 1921, Борьба (“Struggle”) Nov. 1920 to 7th March, 1922, and the appeals in Lithuanian, Russian, Polish and Jewish.
Komunistiniai leidiniai jaunimui buržuazijos valdymo metais Lietuvoje (1920–1940.VI.)
Authors: Zaveckienė Žiedūnė
Published: August 2024

In the period of the bourgeois dictatorship the Young Communist League of Lithuania under the leadership of the Communist Party kept in touch with the working youth mainly through underground press. The YCL of Lithuania took care of publishing and spreading it. At that time not only periodicals and appeals were published but separate books as well In the period of 1920 to June, 1940, were issued more than 60 publications dedicated to the theory and practice of revolutionary movement and the experience of the fight of the working youth in Lithuania. The greatest part of these works appeared in the first years of the dictatorship (1920–1923).The books were published bolh in underground conditions (more than 20 works) and at the Printing-House of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania in Smolensk and in some other places. Almost all the publications except those of local organizations were published as printed matter.At the beginning of the underground work in Lithuania in many cases the books in 50 pages and even appeals in several pages were published. The volume and size of these publications corresponded to the demands of conspiracy.
LKJS periodinės spaudos leidimas buržuazijos valdymo metais Lietuvoje. Miestų, rajonų ir parajonių komitetų periodika. (1920–1940. VI.)
Authors: Zaveckienė Žiedūnė
Published: August 2024

The rare examples of the publishings of the YCL are being kept in the libraries till to-day. Among them we can find not only the central publishings but the publishings of separate districts as well.One can count about 28 of such publishings. 9 of them were issued by the town and district committees of Kaunas, 7 appeared in the district of Panevėžys, 4 – in the district of Šiauliai, 7 in the district of Vilnius (up to 1923). The greatest part of editions (14 from 28) were published in the district of Vilnius (in 1920–1923). The newspapers were published by the committees of secret Komsomol groups, not only in large but in small towns as well, such as Rokiškis, Anykščiai, Biržai.
Katalogų sistemos pertvarkymas tarybinės bibliotekininkystės pagrindais Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekoje (1948–1953)
Authors: Kastanauskaitė Danutė
Published: August 2024

In 1940 Vilnius University library inherited the catalogue system that diversely and inadequately represented the stock of the library. The books were catalogued on the basis of the Polish-Prussian regulations known for their scatiness. The cards of different size prevailed in the catalogues. The proper get-up was missing. The catalogues of some departmental libraries had no contact with the main library.The general development of science and education at Vilnius University, the increasing demands of the readers, the growing stock in the library and the change in its composition and location determined the formation of entirely new system.Already in 1940–1941 most attention was devoted to the cataloguing of Soviet literature, to the methodology of more dignified cataloguing system, to the revision of departmental libraries and providing with the personnel.The first undertakings of the Soviet years were put inte life in the years 1948–1953. The catalogues of the library were classified according to their purpose, the type of the book, the language, the volume of the stock. The scheme of the main alphabetic and subject catalogues was developed. The catalogues were cleared from outdated literature and recatalogued. In cataloguing the books use was made of the Soviet Catalogue regulations and internationally used cards adopted. Following the example of the Soviet libraries the methodology of the subject catalogue classification was put into practice.Due to the great efforts Levas Vladimirovas, Director of the library since 1948, succeeded in organizing the catalogue reform. Thanks to this devotion the book−managing department has been reorganized, the personnel provided, the whole process of methodology work rationalized.All these measures enabled the new catalogues system not only to make the stock of the library accessible, but also propogate it from the marxist-leninist viewpoint of science.The article draws a conclusion that it was the catalogue differentiation instituted in 1948–1953, the organization of the departmental catalogues and the staff provision that played the most important role in the development of the present-day catalogue system.
Iš cinkografijų istorijos Lietuvoje
Authors: Juodakis Virgilijus
Published: August 2024

In Vilnius zincography appeared twenty years earlier than in Kaunas.S. Fleury (in 1904) and A. Jurašaitis (in 1905) were the first to make zincographic clishes in Vilnius. This was effected in their own photography studies where at the same time they made photoes. Both died in 1915.In Kaunas zincography appeared only in 1923. The firms „Ostra“ (later „Žaibas“) and „Grafika“ were established specially for this purpose. The firms engaged foreign specialists from Germany, Austria and Latvia.Development of zincography conditioned the appearance of well illustrated publications.
Informacinių įgūdžių ugdymas Lietuvoje
Authors: Vladimirovas Levas , Dagytė Ina , Kancleris Algirdas
Published: August 2024

The developing of informational habits and skills has in Lithuania its deeplyrooted historic traditions (the pioneers in this field at the beginnig of the 19th century were G. E. Groddeck, A. Bohatkiewicz, J. Lelewel etc.). Nowadays under the existing favourable conditions of the scientific-technical revolution there has matured the pressing necessity to create a system for developing of informational habits and skills covering the educational (secondary and higher education) and post-educational periods.The Chair of Scientific Information of the Vilnius V. Kapsukas State University has worked out a number of measures to develop informational habits during the educational period: A differentiated basic course of „Information science“ for secondary special schools and schools of higher education of the Lithuanian republic has been prepared, a number of teaching appliances has been published, in the years 1971 and 1972 a series of educational lectures through television has been organized.The analysis of the results of all these measures gives (in the opinion of specialists and students) the right to assert that our system of developing informational skills and habits is useful and effective.
Работа с кадрами в университетских библиотеках СССР
Authors: Синкявичюс Клеменсас
Published: August 2024

Personnel management in Soviet university libraries implies a wide range of questions: the estimation and planning the library staff, the rights and obligations of the management and employees; professional training of personnel including the improvement of professional skill, normalization of work and the stimulation of the initiative of each librarian.In the last decade special attention is being paid to questions of scientific organization of labour, the regulation of the place and functions of the different segments of the university library in its overall structure, the working out of personal instructions for each member of the staff.At the same time much has been achieved in the improvement of the professional skill of librarians through extra-mural and evening courses, training of librarians within the library itself and in the system of methodological guidance.Personnel management is a multi-facet pedagogical, psychological, sociological and labour problem. On the optimal solution of this problem depend not only the results of the library’s activities and the quality of library service catering to the university’s needs in books and information but also the moral satisfaction that the librarian finds in his everyday work.
VVU bibliotekininkystės ir mokslinės informacijos katedros absolventai Lietuvos TSR bibliotekose
Authors: Dirgėlaitė Bronė
Published: August 2024

The Library Science and Scientifical Information Chair of the Historical faculty of the Vilnius V. Kapsukas State University is the only college in Lithuania giving the high education to the librarians. The Chair began the 1972–1973 year with celebrating its twentieth anniversary. During a short period the Chair achieved good results in various branches. It gave scilled specialists for the libraries of our republic and develops the scientific and resurch activity e. t. c. But the main task of the Chair is to give practical and theoretical knowledge to the young specialists.Having shown some not well known facts about the contingent of the specialists educated at the Chair and their dislocation, the author of the article makes an attempt to find the place and the role of the graduates in the library life of our republic. Wheu speaking about the distribution the author of the article speaks only about the day students. It is quite impossible to Collect the punctual facts about the correspondent students. When collecting the information about the day students we have possibility to note where the greduates work at the present time as well as to learn the facts of their distribution.The whole material of the article about the contingent of the abiturients and the graduates and the facts about the distribution of the young specialists was taken from the Studying Departament and the Central Archives of Vilnius State University. The graduates of the Chair themselves lave sent much information about the places of their work. The whole material and the figures are represented by the means of tables, made by the author of the article.All what we know shows, that the largest part of the graduates work in the library het of the Ministry of Culture. This fact has determined the type of training the specialist at the Chair. The statistical facts of the determination this year show us the movement of the young specialists from one librarynet to another one. The main reason of such movement is the disparity of the type of training with the determination of the young specialists. Since 1968 the Chair has been training the specialists for different librarynets (kindergartens, schoollibraries, public libraries, technical libraries). But to this day the specialists for the scientifical libraries are not trained at the University, while the work at this type of the libraries has its own specific character. Since its foundation the Library and Scientific Information Chair solved many important problems during twenty years of its existence. Now the chair meets the following problems: the studying of library needs of our republic and finding out the type of training students according to them, the improving of conditions for the librarians, the rational determination of the Chair depends on successful solving this problems.
Lietuviškos knygos bruožai: 1795–1864 m. tematikos klausimai
Authors: Žukas Vladas
Published: August 2024

In the article are given distinguishing features of Lithuanian book since the division of Lithuanian-Polish state (in 1795 year) till prohibition of Lithuanian book, printed in Latin letters (1864). In that period Lithuanian books were published in Russia (Lithuania, Latvia, Petersburg) and in Prussia (for the most part in Eastern Prussia). The subjects of them are investigated not sufficiently: there are not sistematical bibliography and comprehensive investigations in the field of bookscience. The subjects of the book show the cultural level of nation, the character of social interests and social functions of the book. In Lithuania of that period the polemics had been taking place concerning subjects of the books, which were addressed to the people. The group of conservative intelligents proposed to limit subjects of those books and issue only religious ones and books of elementary content. The educationalists made attempts to widen subjects of books: they edited belleslettres, scientific and science-popular literature. The edition of secular literature was hampered by a weak material basis and censorship.On the ground of the fundamental work “The bibliography of Lit. SSR” (v. I, 1969) and having looked through the Lithuanian books, issued in the investigated period, a statistical chronological-thematic table was made. In the table all books were classified according to 15 items. The statistics shows, that in the investigated period 1043 books were issued. 672 (64,5 %) of them were of religious content and only 371 (35,5%) were secular. The most important types of secular literature were those: ABC-books – 102; belles-lettres and folklore – 52; calendars – 48; agriculture – 24; care of public health and antialcoholic light – 23; linguistics – 11. The most of secular literature, especially that, which had been edited in Eastern Prussia, were only small booklets and leaflets. The given table shows full statistical development of Lithuanian book by the thematic principle, however it does not give exact data about real intercourse with books of various content and according to their importance.
Tarptautinis bibliotekų bendradarbiavimas
Authors: Macevičiūtė Elena
Published: August 2024

In 1853 American librarians and publishers had organized a conference. The librarians of various countries took part in it. The report about this conference was published in Ch. Norton’s “Literary and Educational Register for 1854”. This was the beginning of official history of the international library cooperation.The main periods of the development of the international library cooperation are given and characterized in the article.The author gives the definition of the international library cooperation. It is defined as the activities stimulated by the processes going on in society and carried out by the governmental and non-governmental institutions and organizations, groups of persons and separate persons for organization, development and evaluation of library and information services.