bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diatoms of Small Water Bodies as Bioindicators in the Assessment of Climatic and Anthropogenic Impacts on the Coast of Tiksi Bay, Russian Arctic
Authors: Barinova Sophia , Gabyshev Viktor , Genkal Sergey , Gabysheva Olga
Published: April 2023

A total of 385 species of diatoms were identified in the phytoplankton of 14 small Arctic tundra water bodies in the vicinity of Tiksi Bay. We found that the species composition of phytoplankton in each lake is strictly individual. The ecological preferences of diatom species in the studied water bodies were determined for more than 90% of the list. Indicator characteristics show a certain response of the species composition of phytoplankton to changes in salinity and organic pollution. Several regularities were revealed in the spatial distribution of diatom communities in the study area in connection with the physicochemical parameters of their habitat, the height of the lake, its remoteness from the seacoast, and belonging to a specific watershed. Statistical mapping of the data on the diversity of communities and the chemical properties of water revealed a strong reaction of the communities of water bodies to point one-time anthropogenic pollution, and also made it possible to assume the influence of summer, northeast winds on the species composition as a climatic factor. The results of the study are important for developing the foundations for monitoring the non-impact (background), ecologically sensitive territory of the Arctic. They are highly relevant for assessing the consequences of local anthropogenic impacts and climate change in the future. Spatial ecological mapping in conjunction with bioindication can be used as a new method for identifying natural and non-natural stress factors.
Enrichment of Manganese at Low Background Level Groundwater Systems: A Study of Groundwater from Quaternary Porous Aquifers in Changping Region, Beijing, China
Authors: Liu Wencai , Qin Dajun , Yang Yong , Guo Gaoxun
Published: April 2023

Manganese (Mn) could adversely affect water quality and is a concern for drinking water safety. In contrast to Mn-contaminated groundwater systems, Mn concentrations can increase up to 2 orders of magnitude in low background level groundwater systems (Mn < 100 µg/L). It is interesting to explore related hydrogeological and hydrochemical processes and controlling mechanisms. Our data showed that Mn of groundwater from Quaternary porous aquifers in the Changping region of Beijing in China varied from 0.02 to 522 µg/L, with an average of 45 µg/L. The high Mn concentration (>100 µg/L) in groundwater occurred in the lower plain, while the low Mn concentration was distributed in the upper plain. Association was not obvious between the Mn concentration and the depth of the groundwater. The water–rock interaction (e.g., dissolution of Mn-bearing minerals) and redox reactions dominated the distribution of Mn in groundwater. Particularly, the reduction of Mn4+ was a major cause of increasing Mn2+ concentration in groundwater. This is further evidenced by declining dissolved oxygen (DO) and NO3 in groundwater from the upper plain to the lower plain part. This study contributes to further understandings of hydrochemical processes for the enrichment of Mn in groundwater and offers a reference for the management and oversight of groundwater containing an excessive Mn level.
Technical Challenges of Safety Emergency Drawdown for High Dam and Large Reservoir Project
Authors: Zheng Xueyu , Zhang Luchen , Yang Jiaxiu , Du Shuaiqun , Wu Shiqiang , Luo Shaoze
Published: April 2023

With the development of a 300 m high dam and large reservoir construction, the emergency drawdown capacity of cascade reservoirs, especially high dams, has become a hot issue of concern to all sectors of society while giving play to huge comprehensive benefits. Based on a thorough investigation of the current situation of drawdown facilities for high dams and large reservoirs with a height of 200 m or more in the world, this paper finds that drawdown facilities currently face difficulties such as insufficient drawdown capacity, poor safety and stability of high head structures, extremely high lift hoisting equipment, and high difficulty in high head water seal technology. It is pointed out that the key technologies that need to be urgently addressed for a deep drawdown of high dams and large reservoirs are the pressure-bearing capacity of gates and the capacity limit of hoists. As a result, the elevation of the bottom tunnel of the drawdown building cannot be arranged and the orifice is limited, and the drawdown depth and discharge capacity are limited.
Adsorption Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Chlorinated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Aquifer Medium
Authors: Li Hui , Han Zhantao , Kong Xiangke , Wang Yanyan , Song Le
Published: April 2023

To determine the competitive adsorption characteristics and influencing factors of chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons on the aquifer medium, toluene, benzene, 1,2−dichloropropane, and 1,2,3−trichloropropane (TCP) were selected as typical pollutants for adsorption tests. The results showed that the adsorption process of pollutants on the aquifer medium conformed to the first−order kinetic and Henry linear model equation, and the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of toluene, benzene, 1,2−dichloropropane, and TCP. Benzene promoted the adsorption of toluene on the aquifer medium, while toluene reduced the adsorption of benzene conversely. 1,2−dichloropropane restrained the adsorption of TCP, and TCP had no significant effect on the adsorption of 1,2−dichloropropane. The adsorption capacity of TCP on the aquifer increased with the concentration of toluene. TCP acted as a stimulus for the adsorption of toluene when the initial concentration of toluene was lower than 2 mg/L. In contrast, TCP served as an inhibitor for the adsorption of toluene on the aquifer medium. Furthermore, the adsorption of all pollutants increased with decreasing medium size. The promotion rates for aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons were 7.2~41.1% and 2.7~27.1%, suggesting that the promotion effect on aromatic hydrocarbons was stronger than that on chlorinated hydrocarbons. Natural organic matter (NOM) inhibited the adsorption of pollutants on the aquifer medium (especially for high concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons), and the adsorption rate increased by more than 60% when OM decreased from 0.25% to 0.08%. Clay minerals improved the adsorption of organic pollutants in different compound pollution systems, and montmorillonite exhibited a stronger promoting effect than kaolin.
Dynamic Reliability Analysis of Layered Slope Considering Soil Spatial Variability Subjected to Mainshock–Aftershock Sequence
Authors: Zhou Huaiming , Wang Gan , Yu Xiang , Pang Rui
Published: April 2023

The slope instability brought on by earthquakes frequently results in significant property damage and casualties. At present, the research on displacement response of a slope under earthquake has mainly emphasized the action of the mainshock, without accounting for the impact of an aftershock, and the spatial variability of material parameters is often neglected. The spatial variability of parameters is fully accounted for in this paper, and dynamic reliability of permanent displacement (DP) of a slope produced by the mainshock–aftershock sequence (MAS) is studied. A slope reliability analysis method is proposed based on the Newmark displacement method and the generalized probability density evolution method (GPDEM) to quantify the effect of the spatial variability of materials parameters on dynamic reliability. Firstly, the parameter random field is generated based on the spectral representation method, and the randomly generated parameters are assigned to the finite element model (FEM). In addition, the random simulation method of MAS considering the correlation between aftershock and mainshock is adopted based on the Copula function to generate the MAS. Then, the DP of slopes caused by the MAS considering the spatial variability is calculated based on the Newmark method. The impacts of the coefficient of variation (COV) and aftershock on the DP of slope is analyzed by means of mean values. Finally, the effect of COV and aftershock on the reliability of DP is explained from a probabilistic point of view based on the GPDEM. The results revealed that with the increase in the COV, the mean of the DP of the slope shows a trend of increasing gradually. The DP of slope is more sensitive to the coefficient of variation of friction angle (COVF). The mean DP of the slope induced by the MAS is larger compared to the single mainshock, and the PGA has a significant impact on the DP.
Inflow Prediction of Centralized Reservoir for the Operation of Pump Station in Urban Drainage Systems Using Improved Multilayer Perceptron Using Existing Optimizers Combined with Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Lee Eui Hoon
Published: April 2023

Owing to the recent increase in abnormal climate, various structural measures including structural and non-structural approaches have been proposed for the prevention of potential water disasters. As a non-structural measure, fast and safe drainage is an essential preemptive operation of a drainage facility, including a centralized reservoir (CRs). To achieve such a preemptive operation, it is necessary to predict the inflow of the drainage facilities. Among the drainage facilities, CRs are located downstream of the drainage area, and their pump stations are operated according to the CR water level. The water level of a CR depends on the inflow, as does the preemptive operation of its pump station. In this study, as a nonstructural measure, the inflow prediction for the CR operation in an urban drainage system was proposed. For predicting the inflow of a CR, a new multilayer perceptron (MLP) using existing optimizers combined with a self-adaptive metaheuristic optimization algorithm, such as an improved harmony search, was proposed. Compared with the adaptive moment, which yields the best results among other existing optimizers, an MLP using an existing optimizer combined with an improved harmony search improves the mean square error and mean absolute error by 0.1767 and 0.0349, respectively.
Role of Hydrology in Cyanobacterial Blooms in the Floodplain Lakes
Authors: Ferencz Beata , Toporowska Magdalena , Dawidek Jarosław
Published: April 2023

River floodplains are sites of extremely high environmental and ecological value due to high biodiversity. Floodplain lakes (FPLs) are essential parts of complex floodplain ecosystems’ biological and hydro-chemical processes. Clear seasonal cycles, determined by the regime of the parent river and closely linked to climatic conditions, are observed in these lakes. Both the quantity and the quality of water are determined by the functional phases of a floodplain lake; limnophase, when the lake is isolated from the river, and potamophase (inundation), when the floodplain lake is overflowed by the river waters. These phases highly modify lake bathymetry, water balance, chemistry, and biology. Human pressure, mostly dam construction and land use changes, alter the frequency, duration, and intensity of natural cycles of inundation. The majority of large rivers in the Northern Hemisphere have been impacted by human activity. Floodplain lakes are also affected by continuous climate change, due to the alterations of the hydrological regimes. Cyanobacterial blooms in floodplain lakes are often characterized by high qualitative and quantitative annual and long-term variability. The main forces driving cyanobacterial blooms can be found in the flooding dynamics and intensity influencing hydraulic residence time and the concentration of biogenic compounds in lake water. Cyanotoxin production and seasonal dynamics in floodplain lakes have been rarely studied, particularly in connection with the hydrological regime. Moreover, the effects of cyanobacterial blooms and their toxicity to organisms inhabiting floodplain lakes, connected rivers, and floodplains are poorly understood. Therefore, knowledge of the processes controlling floodplain lakes’ ecological conditions is crucial to implementing water management and restoration practices, protecting those fragile and precious ecosystems from degradation and possible extension.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Downstream Applications for Retired Electric Vehicle Batteries
Authors: Kampker Achim , Heimes Heiner H. , Offermanns Christian , Frieges Moritz H. , Graaf Maximilian , Soldan Cattani Natalia , Späth Benedikt
Published: April 2023

Mass transport conversion to an electrified powertrain requires suitable strategies for processing electric vehicle (EV) batteries after their intended first service life. Due to aging mechanisms, EV batteries lose capacity over their period of use and become unsuitable for their initial application at some point. However, to expand their lifetime and to meet the sustainability demand for EVs, the usage of these batteries in so-called Re-X applications is under intense discussion. Until now, downstream processing has been subject to high uncertainty regarding the expected advances. While many issues on the technical and ecological side have been at least partially resolved, the economics are still under assessment. For this reason, this paper intends to give a well-based outlook on the costs and benefits of three chosen scenarios: reuse, repurpose, and recycle. It is expected that under the given national policies and global market conditions, growing quantities of retired EV batteries will return from the transportation markets. Consequently, the market potential for retired batteries in downstream applications will significantly increase, as well as calls for stable solutions.
Family Social Support and Children’s Mental Health Resilience during COVID-19—Case of Morocco
Authors: Kadiri Mohamed
Published: April 2023

This research aims to investigate the impact of the family on the social support for children with mental health disorders in a vulnerable environment such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the ability of parents to provide consistent care giving using their social support. The main question of this research paper is: what is the impact of the family in the situation of COVID-19 on the diversity of the processes actors provided in creating social adaptability for children with mental health? The previous question was treated via the following hypotheses: H1: the more the whole family is committed to the social support of the child with a mental health disorder, the less independent the achievement of resilience on an individual basis; H2: the more the child with a mental illness belongs to the family, the greater the family’s involvement in social support, even for low-income families. This quantitative field study was conducted in southern Morocco by contacting a sample of respondents (86 respondents) from health institutions, civil society, and the children’s parents and relatives. The study reflected two main findings: that the majority of children were with their families during the pandemic; and the lack of independence of parents and children in the adjustment process.
Activated Carbon-Embedded Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes for Capacitive Desalination
Authors: Ahmed Tarif , Cha Jin Sun , Park Chan-gyu , Shon Ho Kyong , Han Dong Suk , Park Hyunwoong
Published: April 2023

Capacitive deionization of saline water is one of the most promising water purification technologies due to its high energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study synthesizes porous carbon composites composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and activated carbon (AC) with various rGO/AC ratios using a facile chemical method. Surface characterization of the rGO/AC composites shows a successful chemical reduction of GO to rGO and incorporation of AC into rGO. The optimized rGO/AC composite electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of ~243 F g−1 in a 1 M NaCl solution. The galvanostatic charging-discharging test shows excellent reversible cycles, with a slight shortening in the cycle time from the ~260th to the 530th cycle. Various monovalent sodium salts (NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) and chloride salts (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and CsCl) are deionized with the rGO/AC electrode pairs at a cell voltage of 1.3 V. Among them, NaI shows the highest specific adsorption capacity of ~22.2 mg g−1. Detailed surface characterization and electrochemical analyses are conducted.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM WALLS OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS OF THE SECONDARY HOUSING OF THE CITY OF SARATOV
Authors: Povarov A. , Trushin Yu.
Published: April 2023

The technical condition of many apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in Saratov, built from 1977 to 1999, does not meet the current regulatory requirements in the field of creating optimal indoor climate parameters. The system of external thermal insulation of the "wet" type with a rigid fastening of the insulation is very common for the insulation of the external walls of these houses. It has been established that due to the fact that the masonry joints and its irregularities are not filled with mortar, the underestimated thickness of the insulation, a thin layer of the protective layer of plaster, as well as violations of the installation technology of the thermal insulation system, gaps are formed between the insulation plates and the walls, there is an access of cold air to the masonry of the walls, which leads to the appearance of condensate, freezing of walls, an increase in humidity and a decrease in the temperature of the indoor air in apartments. The penetration of cold air through the walls leads to increased heat loss, cooling of the masonry mass and a shift in the "dew point". As a result of the instrumental examination of houses, it is found that the freezing of moistened insulated walls led to an increase in their heat loss by 10-20%. An alternative system of point thermal insulation has been studied, in which the insulation boards are attached to the wall using hinged fasteners, excluding deformation and destruction of the protective plaster layer 10–20 mm thick and the insulation. The optimal thickness of the insulation brand PSB-S 25 for the climatic conditions of the city of Saratov is determined. The technology of mounting a movable thermal insulation system is improved using a deep penetration primer and glue for applying insulation to the plates, which makes it possible to reduce the mass of the structure and reduce the cost of installation work. The effectiveness of the use of a movable thermal insulation system to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in the climatic conditions of Saratov is shown
PUBLIC SPACES IN THE STRUCTURE OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL YOUTH SPACES
Authors: Ivina M. , Rakhimova P.
Published: April 2023

The article provides a comparative analysis of the experience of designing domestic and foreign public spaces in the structure of multifunctional youth complexes. The relevance of the topic is justified by the fact that modern public spaces are multifunctional objects in which leisure, cultural, educational and other activities of young people can be implemented. The article determines the types of public spaces such as sports grounds, amphitheater, atrium, fab lab, eco-space, assembly hall, Blackbox multifunctional hall in youth complexes, studies the functional composition and planning structure of public spaces, as well as the ways to organize various events and highlights the ways of interaction of public spaces with the structure of the youth complex. The elements of improvement are integrated into the structure of the complex. Public spaces can be the main function of the complex (fab lab, Blackbox hall), recreational and communication (atrium) or secondary (amphitheater, eco-space). Eco-spaces, presented in the form of urban farms, "green" laboratories are of particular interest. The article shows the specificity of foreign public spaces, which is in interactivity, multifunctionality, versatility, innovative solutions, the use of "green technologies", modern materials and design solutions and reveals the problems in architectural and planning solutions of domestic public spaces such as standard solutions, monofunctionality. The development of architectural and planning solutions for public spaces in the structure of multifunctional youth complexes in accordance with the interests of young people will allow developing various scenarios such as training, self-education, communication, entertainment.
PRINCIPLES OF URBAN ORGANIZATION OF THE PARK IN IRKUTSK
Authors: Bol'shakov A. , Tikunova S.
Published: April 2023

The problem of preservation and transformation of the existing dendropark and natural forest in the conditions of urban development of the middle zone of the city is considered. The park is located in the scientific campus of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences in Irkutsk. The territory has the properties of a landscape park. At the same time, it is actively used as a walking area and for sports activities. There are risks of using the land for housing construction because the park is surrounded by intensive urban development. The research proves its recreational and architectural landscape value. The basis of the spatial structure is the particular combination of glades and forest plantations of the park. The system of footpaths, which took shape over 60 years, is a picturesque network that at first glance seems random. The study of the territory allows to identify patterns in the organization of the network. A highway dissects the forest area. A bicycle bridge is proposed in the project for crossing the road by pedestrians and cyclists. The design and architectural form of the bridge minimize the impact on the landscape of this structure. The bridge is designed as two spirals suspended from two high masts. Its length of 210 m, it covers an area with a radius of less than 20 meters. The microrelief on the hillside, represented by micro-watersheds and hollows, makes it possible to differentiate new plantings in the park according to the landscape properties due to this microrelief.
ESTATES OF THE HIGHEST NOBILITY IN THE TERRITORIES OF ST. PETERSBURG AND NEIGHBORING COUNTIES OF ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE IN THE 18TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Semencov S. , Kozyreva E.
Published: April 2023

The heritage of the estates of Russia as a whole, including in the St. Petersburg province, is currently almost destroyed, therefore, the study of the topic related to the possibility of preserving the objects of manor architecture is especially relevant for the restoration scientific direction. The estates of the highest nobility occupy a special place in the history of architecture, but many especially unique manor complexes have remained only in memories, and most of the survivors have preserved only a small part of the buildings in poor condition. The study of the territories of historical St. Petersburg and its immediate surroundings covers hundreds of estates. Among them, dozens of very large and historically significant ones can be identified. The paper highlights a new type of historical estate objects on the territory of St. Petersburg and suburban counties of St. Petersburg province - "near estates of the highest nobility" (estates of representatives of the first 4 ranks in the table of ranks of the Russian Empire, characterized by particularly large territories - up to 200 hectares – and a particularly complex structure), which covered several belts the imperial capital and its surroundings. It is concluded, based on the analysis of the existing objects of protection, that they do not take into account the main features of such estates, since most often there are no urban planning and intangible components of the object of protection in them (objects of protection)
Jeunesse et désordre social : les coureurs de nuit à Laval au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Pitou Frédérique
Published: April 2023

The evenings and the nights to inhabitants of Laval during the XVIIIe century are often disturbed by parties of « coureurs de nuit ». The examination of the records of justice permit to specify their identity, the types of their plays and the violence they like ; they can often be interpreted like a challenge with the social order. The specificity of this delinquency can be connect with the nature of their actions and also with the intentions of the actors and with the way adults and magistrates look at them ; it shows the place of youth in the society.
Un discours philanthropique dans la France du XIXe siècle : la rééducation des jeunes délinquants dans les colonies agricoles pénitentiaires
Authors: Jablonka Ivan
Published: April 2023

The system of French agricultural reformatories, set up in the second part of the nineteenth century, aims both at bringing up children in a rustic setting far away from prisons and corrupting cities, and at training them by exposing them to a strict discipline and panoptic procedures. In practice, the reformatories' managers intentionally abandoned the former aim, a goal inspired by a paternalistic philanthropy, to implement the repressive and more lucrative latter strategy, which eventually failed. Therefore, French agricultural reformatories belong, in an ambiguous way, to the disciplinary system depicted by Michel Foucault.
La lente dissipation d'une légende : la « Wehrmacht » sous le regard de l'histoire
Authors: Solchany Jean
Published: April 2023

Depuis quelques années, la Wehrmacht fait l'objet de nombreux travaux historiques et suscite de violentes controverses dans les médias et l'opinion publique. La vision traditionnelle qui exonérait l'armée allemande de toute responsabilité dans la perpétration des crimes nazis a été il est vrai mise en question dès la fin des années 1970. Mais les études les plus récentes montrent avec plus de précision encore combien l'armée allemande a été impliquée dans la politique d'occupation barbare imposée aux peuples de l'Est européen durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
La religion des Limousins (XVIe-XXe siècles)
Authors: Pérouas Louis
Published: April 2023

This might only be true for a small number of parishes. It would be better to talk about the religious particularities of the region which were discovered a the beginning of 16th century : priests living among the people, the worship of numerous relics, country chapels attended by peasants and so on... The catholic reform of the 17th century forbade such pratices but peoples attachement to them was still visible from time to time in spite of a latent anticléricalisme — itself part of the local religious tradition — which became more obvious a the turn of the 20th century.
La révolution transformiste en France (1800-1882)
Authors: Grimoult Cédric
Published: April 2023

Dès avant 1800, les naturalistes français jouent un rôle essentiel dans l'affirmation du transformisme, théorie scientique selon laquelle les espèces biologiques peuvent se modifier au cours du temps, mais incompatible avec le dogme officiel du créationnisme, lequel se fonde sur la révélation biblique. L'histoire des sciences rencontre ici l'histoire politique, du fait de résistances puissantes des milieux conservateurs, surtout en France entre 1830 et 1882.
L’invisibilité du travail réel et l’opacité des liens santé-travail
Authors: Lhuilier Dominique
Published: April 2023

L’analyse des conditions de la visibilité sociale de la santé au travail a conduit à recenser, dans différents champs disciplinaires, les «masques » qui brouillent la perception des liens entre santé et travail. Au-delà de leur rappel, nous étudierons ici comment l’invisibilité croissante du travail réel alimente le déni des origines et des processus de la pénibilité et des risques du travail. Aux classiques difficultés d’accès à la connaissance de l’activité s’ajoutent aujourd’hui de nouvelles conditions de construction de cette occultation du travail. Dans ce contexte apparaissent à la fois une montée des préoccupations relatives à la santé psychique au travail et de nouveaux professionnels, experts en santé-travail, en charge de prévention ou réparation. L’analyse proposée interrogera leur contribution à la méconnaissance du travail et les conditions d’un ré-ancrage du lien santé-travail dans l’analyse partagée des activités réelles et de leur transformation.
Quantum Neural Network for Quantum Neural Computing
Authors: Zhou Min-Gang , Liu Zhi-Ping , Yin Hua-Lei , Li Chen-Long , Xu Tong-Kai , Chen Zeng-Bing
Published: April 2023

Neural networks have achieved impressive breakthroughs in both industry and academia. How to effectively develop neural networks on quantum computing devices is a challenging open problem. Here, we propose a new quantum neural network model for quantum neural computing using (classically controlled) single-qubit operations and measurements on real-world quantum systems with naturally occurring environment-induced decoherence, which greatly reduces the difficulties of physical implementations. Our model circumvents the problem that the state-space size grows exponentially with the number of neurons, thereby greatly reducing memory requirements and allowing for fast optimization with traditional optimization algorithms. We benchmark our model for handwritten digit recognition and other nonlinear classification tasks. The results show that our model has an amazing nonlinear classification ability and robustness to noise. Furthermore, our model allows quantum computing to be applied in a wider context and inspires the earlier development of a quantum neural computer than standard quantum computers.
Anesthetic aspects of robot-assisted surgery (a review)
Authors: Bogdanov R. R. , Nurimanshin A. F. , Husaenova A. A. , Khasanov A. R.
Published: April 2023

The introduction of modern robot-assisted and laparoscopic methods of surgical interventions have extended the range of surgical indications, at the same time as raising a number of specific problems related to the technical features of minimally invasive treatment. This fact makes us consider the effect of surgical aggression on the patient from a new perspective. In particular, the influence of pneumoperitoneum and the patient’s position on venous return, regional blood flow changes, and concomitant shifts of some homeokinetic systems require elucidation. This article reviews the available literature to describe the main features of anesthesia during robot-assisted surgical interventions. Recommendations from systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used. The search depth comprised the period of 12 years (2011–2022). Such factors as antiphysiological position on the operating table, tense carboxyperitoneum, and carboxythorax affect almost all organs and many regulatory mechanisms, thus having a pathological effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, kidney, liver, intestines, blood coagulation system, immune system, and thermoregulation mechanisms. These effects are particularly pronounced in patients with concomitant diseases. In addition to knowledge in the field of pathophysiology, surgeons should be capable of predicting the course of events to take actions aimed at preventing the development of complications. Robot-assisted surgical interventions, although being less traumatic, are characterized by specific features that should be taken into account when preparing a patient to undergo surgery, selecting an optimal method of surgical intervention, and managing the patient in the intra- and postoperative period with rehabilitation.
Microbiological properties of opportunistic saccharomycetes of the genus Candida in chronic, recurrent infectious inflammatory processes (literature review)
Authors: Koltsov I. P. , Strelnikova N. V. , Vitko E. V. , Vitko L. G. , Savlyuk O. E.
Published: April 2023

Literature review involves a problem analysis of current scientific publications on yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida of the family Saccharomycetaceae. In 90% of cases, the etiological factor of chronic, recurrent infectious and inflammatory processes is represented by residents of oral, intestinal, urogenital and skin microbiome, opportunistic Candida albicans fungi. The paper considers the relevant medical and social problem of endogenous opportunistic infections on the example of candidiasis (candidamycosis). The review presents a conceptual analysis of changes in the microbiological properties of clinically significant candida species with ubiquitous distribution: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida dubliniensis, Candida auris. The authors provide a current perspective on the risk of superficial and invasive candidomycosis as an opportunistic, non-cyclic infection. Signs of the same type of pathological process develop with the participation of different species of opportunistic fungi in monoculture and associations against the background of immunodeficiency.
Evaluation of organ perfusion and intravascular volume status by ultrasound
Authors: Zozulya M. V. , Lenkin A. I.
Published: April 2023

This review article is devoted to ultrasound monitoring of intravascular volume status and organ perfusion in critically ill patients. In particular, approaches to determination of fluid responsiveness using Doppler-estimated blood flow in peripheral arteries are discussed. The reliability and accuracy of these parameters are substantiated by their comparison with the parameters obtained by prepulmonary and transpulmonary thermodilution methods. The technicalities of ultrasound examination of the abovementioned parameters are considered.
Virome of ancient wolf mummy (Canis lupus) as a potential source of virulent bacteriophages for phage therapy
Authors: Goncharov A. E. , Ahremenko Ya. A. , Azarov D. V. , Cheprasov M. J. , Fedorov S. E. , Solomenny A. P. , Kolodzhieva V. V.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To investigate the potential for searching new virulent bacteriophages in the paleontological material extracted from the permafrost zone.

Material and methods. The virome structure of the colon content of the wolf pup mummy (Canis lupus) from the late Pleistocene was evaluated by means of shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Results. The study demonstrated the predominance of Myoviridae tailed bacteriophages, including PhiKZ-like phages, in the structure of the virome.

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the possibility of using paleontological material preserved in the ancient Arctic permafrost as a resource for searching and isolating new virulent bacteriophages.
Association of gene polymorphisms of angiotensin metabolism with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients
Authors: Kalinkina T. V. , Lareva N. V. , Chistyakova M. V. , Serkin M. A.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To investigate the relationship of SNP ACE ((AluIns/DelI>D), rs 4646994), SNP of angiotensinogen 1 gene AGT :521 C>T ((Thr 174 Met), rs 4762), SNP of angiotensinogen 2 gene AGT:704 T>C ((Met 235 Thr), rs699), SNP of angiotensin-2 type 1 receptor gene AGTR1: A1166C; A>C (rs5186) with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients.

Methods and materials. 74 patients (26 women and 48 men) with stage 1-2 hypertension were examined. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms was carried out by means of polymerase chain reaction method with the analysis of DNA RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism).

Results. CC polymorphisms of genotype AGT:704 T>C (Met 235 Thr), (χ2 = 8.18; p = 0.017) were detected in the group of patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, which nearly triples the probability of impaired myocardial relaxation (OR 2.85) and CC polymorphisms of genotype of angiotensinogen type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1: A1166C), (χ2 = 1.77; p = 0.041), which doubles the probability of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR 2.39).

Conclusion. CC genotype AGT:704 T>C (Met 235 Thr) and CC genotype of the angiotensinogen type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1: A1166C) are associated with the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension.
Paragonimus westermani ichunensis: evolution of parasitological situation
Authors: Popov A. F. , Besprozvannykh V. V. , Sukhanova G. I. , Ivanis V. A. , Kolpakov S. L.
Published: April 2023

The paper presents an analysis of parasitological situation with paragonimiasis in Primorsky Krai over the past 30 years. In the early 1990s regular medical checkups detected paragonimiasis in 1–6% of the inhabitants of the region. Since 1996, the situation in the south of the Russian Far East has changed dramatically. Within 1–2 years, the crayfish population decreased significantly in watercourses from southern Primorye up to the Amur basin. Therefore, the incidence of the disease in population of the region has decreased to zero level since 2000. From 2014 the number of crayfish in watercourses of Primorsky Krai started growing. In 2019 the first patient with larval paragonimiasis was reported. The paper reviews the experience of the Regional Clinical Hospital of Vladivostok in treatment of 368 patients with larval paragonimiasis for the period from 1967 to 1996. On average, the disease manifested itself in 1–4 weeks from the moment of infection. The diagnosis was confirmed in 97.9% of cases via serological method. The praziquantel treatment of patients with larval paragonimiasis resulted in a cure rate of 89%. The disease duration ranged from 1–2 to 10 or more years.
Bacterial biofilm formation on ceramics of various composition used for orthopedic endoprosthetics
Authors: Skurikhina Yu. E. , Papynov E. K. , Zaitseva E. A. , Shichalin O. O.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To assess the intensity and characteristics of bacterial biofilms formed by non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii on ceramic biocomposite samples based on wollastonite and zirconia, including those modified with the bioactive phase of hydroxyapatite (HA).

Materials and methods. Biofilms formed on bioceramic samples, prepared according to the author’s original method, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied samples included non-composite ceramics based on wollastonite (CaSiO3); composite ceramics based on wollastonite with HA (CaSiO3-HA); non-composite ceramics based on zirconium dioxide ZrO2; ceramics based on zirconia with HA 15 wt% (ZrO2-(15 wt % HA); ceramics based on zirconia with (ZrO2-(50 wt% HA). Biofilms were obtained by placing the samples in a nutrient medium with P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Cultivation was carried out at 37 °С for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The dynamics of bacterial growth of the surface of the studied samples was assessed by analyzing SEM images using an LBP classifier.

Results. A noticeable difference was observed in the activity and structure of bacterial biofilm formation on all studied samples. The intensity of biofilm formation (surface coverage of ZrO2-based samples) determined using an LBP-based classifier was as follows: ZrO2 ceramics without HA – 28.13%; ZrO2 + 15 wt% HA – 28.33%; and ZrO2 + 50 wt% HA – 88.46%. All samples with HA addition demonstrated higher susceptibility to biofilm formation.

Conclusion. The presence of HA in the composition of bioceramics increases the intensity of biofilm formation. This also indicates a higher biocompatibility of such materials. When selecting bioceramic materials for bone defect repair, preference should be given to materials containing no more than 15 wt% HA in the view of reducing the risk of infection.
Accelerated bacteriological examination of urine and dialysate in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children
Authors: Boronina L. G. , Samatova E. V. , Ustyugova S. S. , Panova S. A. , Kutsevalova O. Y.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To evaluate the feasibility of an accelerated method for determining the etiology of infections in urine, dialysate and residual antimicrobial activity by using laser light scattering technology.

Materials and methods. From January to September 2019, 106 urine samples and 42 dialysate samples from children aged 1–16 with various urinary pathologies and those on peritoneal dialysis underwent culture-based examination on an ALIFAX HB&L LIGHT analyzer (Alifax, Italy) using laser light scattering technology.

Results. Three hours after inoculation, 81 samples (76.4%) appeared to be negative and 25 samples (23.6%) proved to be positive. No microorganisms were detected in 38 dialysate samples (90.5%), two samples had Staphylococcus aureus (104 CFU/ml), and one dialysate sample had Corynebacterium sp. and associations of Escherichia coli + Candida albicans + Staphylococcus haemolyticus, associated with peritoneal catheter colonization. Bacteriuria was caused by Enterobacterales in 39.3% (E. coli, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter cloacae), non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria – in 14.3% (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ralstonia picketii, Oligella sp., Acinetobacter baumannii), Enterococcus sp. – 21.4%, S. haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis – 10.7%, Candida albicans – 3.6%, contamination: Streptococcus viridians, Corynebacterium sp. – 7.1%. Residual antimicrobial activity in urine was detected in 30.1% of patients.

Conclusion. The laser light scattering technology enables a minimal concentration of microorganisms to be detected in a smaller amount of urine or dialysate, which is very important for accelerated diagnosis of urinary tract infections and complications of peritoneal dialysis in children.
Anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of bacteriophages against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from orthopedic patients
Authors: Gordina E. M. , Bozhkova S. A. , Smirnova L. N.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To investigate the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa to a polyvalent bacteriophage preparation and its effect on biofilm formation and the strain biofilms isolated from orthopedic patients.

Materials and methods. The research sample included 50 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and 50 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Identification was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS; antibiotic susceptibility was assessed in accordance with EUCAST v 21. Detection of carbapenemase genes was carried out by real-time PCR. The strain susceptibility to the bacteriophage was determined by a spot test; K. pneumoniae ATCC 33495 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were determined by assessing their growth curves. Biofilms of strains sensitive to bacteriophages were formed according to the O’Toole method by co-incubation of bacteria with phages. The effect of bacteriophages on 24-hour biofilms was assessed by comparing the optical density of dye extracts of bacteriophage-treated wells and control wells at 570 nm. The data were analyzed using the Statistica environment.

Results. It was found that 7 (14%) of K. pneumoniae and 15 (30%) of P. aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems. Six strains of K. pneumoniae produced NDM-cabapenemase, while four isolates of P. aeruginosa produced VIM-carbapenemases. The bacteriophage preparation under study was active against 36% and 56% of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains, respectively. The majority of the studied strains reduced biofilm production upon co-incubation with a phage; however, a decrease in biomass of greater than 80% was observed only for P. aeruginosa. The effect of the bacteriophage on the already formed biofilms was less pronounced, despite a decrease in the biofilm biomass in 78% and 68% of K.pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains, respectively.

Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the need for further research into the action of bacteriophages against pathogens caused by implant-associated infections and the development of bacteriophage therapy for orthopedic patients.
Simultaneous vegetation of opportunistic oral microorganisms in chronic periodontitis with recurrent course
Authors: Strelnikova N. V. , Tsarev V. N. , Antonova A. A. , Shapovalenko E. S. , Skorobogatova V. E.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To evaluate clinical significance of simultaneous vegetation by conducting microbiological research of the species composition in the periodontal pockets and on the surface of the tongue root and back in chronic (generalized) periodontitis.

Materials and methods. A prospective microbiological analysis of clinically significant species of opportunistic microorganisms in pathological periodontal pockets and the microbiome of the tongue root and back, in chronic (generalized) periodontitis of mild, moderate and severe degree, was carried out in 88 patients of the WHO key group, aged 35–44 (CI 95% 34.8–44.3), of the Unistom Dental Clinic of the Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk Krai, for the period 2016–2019.

Results. The species composition of opportunistic microorganisms in the biotopes of the pathological periodontal pockets and tongue root and back was the same in chronic periodontitis, with a mean value of 89.7% ±2.9% (CI 95% 85.8–94.4). The mean value of the number of species of clinically significant opportunistic microorganisms in the periodontal pockets and root and back of the tongue in associations accounted for 3.9 (CI 95% 1.8–5.4). Bacteria of the genus Leptotrichia were detected simultaneously in periodontal pockets and on the root and back of the tongue in clinically significant associations with Staphylococcus aureus (CI 95% 37.3–65.4), mean Shannon index H value 3.1 ± 0.4; mean Simpson index C value 0.39 ± 0. Bacteria of the genus Leptotrichia in association with Streptococcus pyogenes (CI 95% 35.8–79.3), mean Shannon index H 2.9 ± 0.3; mean value of the Simpson index C 0.28 ± 0.06, reliably support the recurrent course of the opportunistic infectious and inflammatory process in the periodontium. The dominant role of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in the biotopes of periodontal pockets and the root and back of the tongue in exacerbations of chronic periodontitis has been established. Titre of opportunistic microorganisms in pathological periodontal pockets of 2–5lgCFU (colony-forming units) in mild and moderate degree of severity is 1–2 order lower than titre of opportunistic microorganisms in root and back of the tongue of 4–6lgCFU (95% CI 2.1–6.5).

Conclusions. Evaluation of simultaneous vegetation of opportunistic microorganisms in the oral microbiome provides a means for improving laboratory (microbiological) diagnostics in chronic periodontitis and applying a non-invasive microbiological method for indirect diagnosis of the species composition of opportunistic microorganisms in periodontal pockets according to the composition of opportunistic microorganisms of the root and back of the tongue in chronic periodontitis for prophylaxis and treatment personalization.
Bioprofiles of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from prostate secretion in men with chronic bacterial prostatitis
Authors: Kartashova O. L. , Pashinina O. A. , Pashkova T. M. , Gritsenko V. A. , Mikhailenko S. V.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To characterize pathogenic pheno- and genoprofiles of staphylococci of different species, isolated from the secretion of the prostate gland in male patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Materials and methods. The bacterial spectrum of microflora was studied by a bacteriological method; the species identification of microorganisms was carried out by mass spectrometry. Detection of genes determining pathogenicity factors was carried out by PCR. The biofilm-forming ability of staphylococci, as well as their anti-lysozyme, hemolytic, and adhesive activity, were determined by photometry.

Results. Staphylococci were found to be dominant in the pathogen structure of chronic bacterial prostatitis. These microorganisms, regardless of their species, had a pronounced pathogenic potential. Specific features in the bioprofiles of cultures of different species were determined according to the severity of the studied biological properties. Thus, the hemolytic activity and biofilm-forming ability was significantly higher in S. aureus. Conversely, CNS strains were characterized by high anti-lysozyme activity. A significant difference was noted in the prevalence of genes that determine pathogenicity factors in the studied staphylococci of different species.

Conclusion. The pathogenic bioprofile of staphylococci of various species isolated from patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis can be used as a criterion in the search and identification of the pathogen, as well as in the development of effective therapeutical approaches.