bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Polymer Structure
Authors: Brown Chad , Hukill David
Published: March 2023

This article presents tools, techniques, and procedures that engineers and material scientists can use to investigate plastic part failures. It also provides a brief survey of polymer systems and the key properties that need to be measured during failure analysis. It describes the characterization of plastics by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The article also discusses the use of X-ray diffraction for analyzing crystal phases and structures in solid materials.
Design-Related Failures of Plastic Parts
Authors: Kreuzer Steven M. , Reitman Maureen T.F.
Published: March 2023

A design may be improvable without presenting an unacceptable risk related to safety or performance. However, design-related failures can result from an oversight in performing one of the major design activities or from a failure to balance the competing demands inherent to part design. This article focuses on design-related failures in products utilizing polymeric materials, and reviews important considerations of the design envelope of plastic parts. The article provides a non-exhaustive list and descriptions of design tools that can support the design process and the prevention of design-related failures. It also discusses the most common causes of design-related failures of plastic parts. The article can assist in both failure analysis and in the prevention of failures in which design may be a contributing factor or a root cause.
The Failure Analysis Process—An Overview
Authors: Menna Todd J.
Published: March 2023

Failure analysis is the process used to determine the cause of a failure. There is no definitive method for performing a failure analysis, and the method chosen is dependent upon the type of failure, the availability of background information, the tools available to perform the analysis, and the skills of the analyst. The information outlined in this article focuses on the general methodology while allowing for case-specific techniques to be utilized along the way. It covers the causes of failure, why a failure analysis is performed, the failure analysis process, the planning of failure analysis investigation, recommendations to prevent the need for a failure analysis, the implementation of product reviews, and forensic standards.
Crazing and Fracture in Polymers
Authors: Ensha Sya
Published: March 2023

The discussion on the fracture of solid materials, both metals and polymers, customarily begins with a presentation of the stress-strain behavior and of how various conditions such as temperature and strain-rate affect the mechanisms of deformation and fracture. This article describes crazing and fracture in polymeric materials, with a review of the behavior of the elastic modulus as a function of temperature or time parameters, emphasizing the importance of the viscoelastic nature of their deformation and fracture. The discussion covers the behavior of polymers under stress, provides information on ductile and brittle behaviors, and describes craze initiation in polymers and crack formation and fracture by crazing. Macroscopic permanent deformation of polymeric materials caused by shear-yielding and crazing, which eventually can result in fracture and failure, is also covered.
The effect of different jaw positions on upper extremity performance, core endurance, and postural stability: A cross-sectional study
Authors: DEMİRDEL Senem , GÜL Gülşah , GÜMÜŞ Öznur , KUZ Betül
Published: March 2023

The jaw sensorimotor system has functional relationships with other parts of the body through neuroanatomical and biomechanical interactions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different jaw positions on upper extremity performance, core endurance, and postural stability. This cross-sectional study included 49 healthy young adults aged 18-28 years. Upper extremity performance was evaluated using the push-up test, core endurance was evaluated using the McGill’s Trunk Flexion and Extension Test and postural stability was evaluated using the Balance Error Scoring System. All assessments were made with resting jaw and clenching jaw positions. There was no significant difference in the Push-up test and Balance Error Scoring System scores in different jaw positions (p>0.05). The Mcgill trunk flexion test and extension test performance were found to be better in the clenched jaw position (p=0.017, p=0.035, respectively). The results of this study showed that jaw clenching increases core endurance time. This result should be taken into account when planning an evaluation and rehabilitation program for the core area.
Шляхи розвитку навчання з домедичної допомоги в Україні
Authors: Volianskyi O.
Published: March 2023

У статті розглядається історія становлення домедичної допомоги в Україні. У хронологічному порядку наведено відповідні основні нормативно-правові документи. Запропоновано комплекс заходів із запровадження навчання з домедичної допомоги водіїв транспортних засобів, які здійснюють перевезення людей у кількості 10 осіб і більше.
A genetic algorithm for measuring the teaching services efficiency
Authors: Omran Khulood
Published: March 2023

In this research a system has been designed depending on the optimization intelligence programming problems using the integer genetic algorithm in order to measure the collage efficiency in performing the teaching services. A genetic module has been designed for measuring the college efficiency following two styles: the first one is the integer genetic algorithm for solving direct integer constrained linear optimization and transformation style through transforming the problem from a complex formula into a simple one indirectly and hence through the latter, a zigzag crossover method has been used in the crossover process. Also the mutation function was used. It was obvious that the second method is more efficient than the first method by comparing the results of both.
 
في هذا البحث تم  تصميم نظام معتمد على مسائل البرمجة الأمثلية باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية الصحيحة في مجال  التعليم وذلك لغرض قياس كفاءة احد الأقسام العلمية بإحدى الكليات في محافظة البصرة،  في أداء الخدمات التعليمية ، حيث صمم نموذج جيني لقياس كفاءة الكلية.  ويتضمن هذا البحث التفصيل الكامل للنموذج الجيني لتقييم المستوى التعليمي الذي يقدمه  قسم علوم الحاسبات إلى الطلبة المنتسبين وتعريف بعض الرموز المستخدمة في تكوين النموذج . والمعلومات التي يتطلبها هذا النموذج وتشمل درجات التقييم والوقت الكلي المتوفر لأداء الخدمة والوقت اللازم لتقديم الخدمات التعليمية للطالب الواحد ولجميع الدروس.  . وقد تم تنفيذ النموذج الجيني باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية الصحيحة بأسلوبين الأسلوب المباشر للدوال الصحيحة المشروطة والثاني الأسلوب غير المباشر ( أسلوب التحويل) أي حل المسائل المشروطة بشكل غير مباشر بطريقة مبسطة، وبهذا الأسلوب تم استخدام تقنية  التزاوج المتعرج (Zigzag Crossover Method) وأيضا تم إضافة تعديل على دالة الطفرة (Mutation) وقد ظهر أن الأسلوب الثاني أكثر كفاءةً من الأسلوب الأول من حيث السرعة في  الحصول على النتائج .
The Open Limit Point Compactness
Authors: Hamza AbedalHamza Mahdi
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we gave a new topological concept and we called it the open limit point compactness.We have proved that each of the compactness, and the limit point compactness is stronger than of the open limit point compactness., that is, compactness implies open limit point compactness, also limit point compactness implies open limit point compactness, but the converse is not true. Also we have shown that the continuous image of an open limit point compact is an open limit point compact and so this property is a topological property .This property is not a hereditary property. Connected spaces are open limit point spaces. The one-point compactification of a space is an open limit point compact. Finally, we have shown that if is an open limit point compact, then each of , and is an open limit point compact.
Takagi-Sugeno-Kang(zero-order) model for diagnosis hepatitis disease
Authors: Salim Raidah S.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to use Takagi-Sugeno-Kang(zero-order) model as fuzzy neural network for the medical diagnosis of hepatitis diseases which represent a major public health problem all around the world . For further improve the accuracy and the speed of the diagnosis, the Microarray Attribute Reduction Scheme (MARS) for reduction features (or attributes) and Mean Imputation (MI) method for treatment the missing values were used in this work. The used data source of hepatitis diseases was taken from UCI machine learning repository.

After treat the missing values problem by apply MI method, the dataset is partitioned into three trainingâ€“testing partitions (30%â€“70%, 40â€“60% and 20%â€“80% respectively) and apply MARS with different values of thr(from 0.1-0.9 ) in order to determine the number attributes (that represent the number of inputs to the fuzzy neural network), the results record in each case of thr values and each case of partitions. The high diagnosis accuracy has been achieved for the 40â€“60% trainingâ€“testing, namely, 100% for training and 95.77% for testing with thr equal to 0.4 and with less training cycle and fuzzy sets number. This work was implemented in MATLAB 7.0 environment.

Keywords: medical diagnosis, Fuzzy logic, fuzzy neural network, Microarray Attribute Reduction Scheme, Mean Imputation.
Persuasive Function of Sound Figures in Augustine’s Homilies on the Psalms of Ascents and Their Translation into Modern Languages
Authors: Andoková Marcela , Horka Róbert
Published: March 2023

Augustine’s sermons and exegetical homilies have been recently studied by modern scholars not only from the point of view of their contents but also their rhetorical form. This is true especially in those cases where we deal with authentic speeches reflecting the language culture of his audience. One of the most characteristic features of Augustine’s homiletic style is antithetic parallelism which occurs frequently in his homilies on Psalms and results from the author’s own way of thinking. Here we do not deal that much with the biblical parallelism of thought, present in the Hebrew poetry, particularly in Psalms, prophetic speeches, etc., but rather with that which was introduced in Greek by Gorgias, i.e., parallelism of words and sentence structure (parallelismus membrorum). Antithetic parallelism is often accompanied by rhyme (Gr. homoioteleuton) or by assonance. This phenomenon might be observed already in Indo-European poetics but in the rhetorical context of Augustine’s anti-Donatist preaching it serves quite different purposes. By using these and other sound figures (like alliteration, repetition, anaphora, epiphora, etc.) the bishop of Hippo wants not only to please his audience but also to instruct them and, first and foremost, persuade them to return to the Catholic church. Does he use these figures spontaneously imitating the folk culture of his audience, or is he constantly aware of their persuasive force? These and other related questions have already captured attention of several Augustinian scholars of the last decades, so in the present paper we would like to contribute to this foregoing discussion focusing mostly on the persuasive aspect of selected sound figures occurring in Augustine’s Enarrationes in Psalmos 119-133. Moreover, our aim is to show to which extent they were a part of bishop’s thoroughly considered plan of his homilies, and finally we would like to point out the importance of preserving at least some of these figures in modern translations of Augustine’s homilies.
Percentages and Gender Distribution of Anatomic Variations of Inferior Vena Cava, Renal Veins, and Posterior Lumbar Tributaries of the Left Renal Vein Left Renal Vein Drainage Variations
Authors: LEBLEBİSATAN Şerife
Published: March 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate percentages and gender distribution of the variations of the inferior vena cava (IVC), renal veins, and posterior lumbar tributaries of the left renal vein (LRV).

Materials and Methods: For this cross sectional observational study, the computed tomography (CT) images of 1949 patients were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: In the present study, percentages of double IVC, left IVC, and IVC interruption with azygos continuation were 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.1%, respectively; circumaortic left renal vein (CLRV) was 6% and retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV) was 4.2%. Multiple renal vein variations were 24.1% on the right, but none on the left. Posterior lumbar tributaries of the renal veins were 0.15% on the right and 48% on the left. There was no difference between genders in terms of LRV and IVC variations. While the incidence of multiple right renal veins was statistically significantly higher in male patients compared to female patients (p = 0.045), the opposite was true for the posterior lumbar tributaries of the LRV (p = 0.035).

Conclusion: The venous system has a wide variety of variations, and the renal venous circulation is supported by number variations on the right in men and collaterals on the left in women.
Instructional Strategy for Comprehensible Meaning-Focused Input: Backward Learning Instruction
Authors: Misnawati Misnawati
Published: March 2023

Backward Learning Instruction (BLI) is a recommended instructional practice to apply for an extensive reading and listening program to become comprehensible meaning-focused input as an initial idea from the flipped-learning model and backward design. This study explored how backward learning instruction as an instructional strategy applies in the learning process; and how students perceive backward learning instruction for comprehensible meaning-focused input. The author used a mixed method, with the descriptive and statistical description of 45 students from the law department at the Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Pengayoman Bone, which was selected using purposive sampling. A study of the document was conducted to compile the BLI model, and a Guttman scale questionnaire was provided to gain firm and precise answers on BLI implementation.  Then, the data were analyzed. The result presented the BLI model within three steps: 1) Preparing class, 2) Backward learning instruction, and 3) Knowledge enrichment. This study also found that BLI as an instructional strategy for comprehensible meaning-focused input showed a high agreement among students with high and very high categories converted by the students' propensity to respond to a scale. As an implication, BLI has contributed to providing solutions for learning the reading and listening comprehension process in distance, blended, and autonomous learning. EFL teachers, learners, and material developers must consider BLI as learning instruction due to its positive impact on students' self-faced learning.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАРМАЦЕВТІВ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ
Authors: ТРЕТЬКО ВІТАЛІЙ , ШУНКОВ ВАСИЛЬ
Published: March 2023

Стаття присвячена розкриттю особливостей професійної підготовки фармацевтів у досвіді Великої Британії. Встановлено, що фармацевтична освіта у Великій Британії спрямована на отримання фахових знань, умінь та навичок для успішної реалізації в усіх потенційних напрямах кар’єри фармацевта (соціальна фармація, лікарська фармація, промислова фармація, фармацевтичні дослідження). Констатовано, що фармацевтична освіта Великої Британії докорінно змінена з 2012 р. у зв’язку із запровадженням «інтегрованих» освітніх програм підготовки майбутніх фармацевтів. Презентовано структуру фармацевтичної освіти Великої Британії. З’ясовано, що визнаною кваліфікацією, яка дозволяє професійну реєстрацію в Королівському фармацевтичному товаристві Великої Британії, є 4-річна програма MPharm, після завершення якої обов’язковою умовою є річна програма стажування (інтернатура). Охарактеризовано вимоги та основні етапи для отримання професійної кваліфікації фармацевта у Великій Британії. Проаналізовано особливості освітніх програм MPharm університетів Великої Британії: структуру, зміст, тривалість навчання, відповідність європейським освітнім стандартам. Представлено освітню програму магістра фармації (MPharm) університету Бредфорда, яка базується на 4-річній моделі «бакалавра», проаналізовано її структуру та етапи навчання. Встановлено, що для студентів, які опановують програму MPharm, передбачено чотири варіанти її завершення: отримання сертифікату вищої освіти, диплома вищої освіти, ступеня бакалавра фармацевтичних досліджень та ступеня магістра фармації. Охарактеризовано вимоги до присудження ступенів та програмні результати навчання. З’ясовано, що велика увага у підготовці майбутніх фармацевтів приділяється вивченню клінічної фармації, що у найближчому майбутньому дасть їм право виписувати рецепти. Зроблено висновок, що мета підготовки фармацевтів – це збереження та покращення здоров’я населення в результаті надання висококваліфікованої фармацевтичної допомоги.
ШВЕДСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛІВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ОСВІТНІХ РЕФОРМ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: БІДЮК НАТАЛЯ , РАТУШНЯК НАТАЛІЯ
Published: March 2023

У статті обґрунтовано особливості розвитку педагогічної освіти Швеції на початку ХХІ століття. Проаналізовано, що професійна підготовка вчителів Швеції здійснюється в системі вищої освіти і практично реалізується у структурі, цілях та змісті програм професійної освіти. Схарактеризовано основні принципи шведської системи підготовки вчителів: демократичність, відкритість, наступність та цілісність, гнучкість, неперервність, інноваційність, диференційованість, узгодження інтересів у групі та командна робота. Висвітлено педагогічну освіту Швеції як таку, яка спрямована на практико-орієнтовану професійну діяльність, на підготовку вчителів на основі компетентнісного та особистісно орієнтованого підходів. Підкреслено, що система сучасної педагогічної освіти Швеції досить гнучка і задовольняє потреби суспільства в кількості та кваліфікації викладачів, при цьому педагог має можливість коригувати свій педагогічний профіль протягом усього життя. Розкрито систему підвищення кваліфікації вчителів у Швеції, яка базується на затвердженому навчальному плані, безперервному саморозвитку з урахуванням інноваційних форм та методів роботи, що визначає пріоритети професійного розвитку педагогів. Приділено увагу формуванню демократичних цінностей в освіті, які сприяють розбудові громадянського суспільства, вихованню активних громадян, які знають та вміють реалізовувати свої права, брати участь у демократичних процесах та приймати відповідальні рішення. Зроблено висновки, що у Швеції, як і в інших скандинавських країнах, є тенденція до індивідуалізації освітнього процесу, а новими орієнтирами демократичного суспільства стає міжпредметний, інтегрований характер освіти, що створює умови для формування нового погляду на свободу творчості та реалізації професіоналізму вчителя.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ EDUCATION AT BRITISH AND AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: SADOVETS OLESIA
Published: March 2023

The paper studies progressive experience of foreign language teachers’ education at leading universities of Great Britain (the University of Sheffield, London, Lancaster, Cambridge, Southampton, and Newcastle Universities) and the USA (the University of Illinois, New York University, Princeton and Yale Universities). It is defined that to get a qualification of a foreign language teacher in both countries one must obtain a degree in foreign language education or language teaching that can be provided by different programs in either Teaching/Education or Applied Linguistics for Language Teaching/ Second Language Acquisition (the title can somewhat differ depending on the university). It is found out that in the UK and US universities the latter focus on different aspects of language study such as morphology, syntax, semantics, psycholinguistics, and translation; bilingual education; and teaching foreign languages.

Standards for the Preparation of Foreign Language Teachers in both countries are analyzed. Curricula, syllabi, compulsory and elective subjects, implementation of teaching practice and scientific research for foreign language teaching (FLT) are characterized.

Comparative analysis of British and American education programs aimed at FLT is carried out. Similar features include combination of professional subjects (majors) and theoretical ones; development of skills to deliver lessons, develop lesson plans, and syllabi; provision of students’ exchange programs; wide use of multimedia technologies; adaptation to individual requirements and needs of students; prevalence of individual work of students in curriculum workload; interdisciplinary character of education; differentiation and focus on realization of students’ professional goals; flexibility and diversity of educational process; and inclusion of extra-curricular activities into the content of study. Different is the essence of education programs for FLT – in the USA they are more practice-oriented, whereas in GB students gradually switch from theory to practice. British curricula for FLT are more focused on language disciplines, whereas American ones are more concentrated on the development of sociocultural competence of students.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ЮРИСТІВ: АМЕРИКАНСЬКА ТА БРИТАНСЬКА МОДЕЛІ
Authors: СУТЯГА ОЛЕКСАНДР , ДОВГАНЬ АНАТОЛІЙ
Published: March 2023

У статті означено вплив міжнародної співпраці на реалізацію освітніх програм підготовки майбутніх юристів в американському та британському досвіді. Закцентовано увагу на особливостях соціально-правової підготовки майбутніх юристів. Соціально-правова підготовка майбутніх юристів передбачає формування системи соціальних та фахових знань та навичок, з-поміж яких важливе значення мають: емпатія, емоційний інтелект, інтерактивна взаємодія, аудитивні навички, самомотивація до професійного розвитку, креативне мислення, навички роботи у міждисциплінарній команді, навички міжкультурної комунікації, здатність працювати під тиском, надійність та самосвідомість, лідерство та ініціативність, комерційна обізнаність, управлінські якості, увага до дрібниць тощо. Проаналізовано подібні та відмінні підходи соціально-правової підготовки майбутніх юристів в британському та американському освітньому просторі. Серед відмінних ознак виокремлено терміни та тривалість навчання; умови вступу на освітні програми; профілізація та спеціалізація освітніх програм; вимоги до ліцензування та акредитації освітніх програм; сертифікація випускників; фінансова підтримка та кредитування навчання здобувачів. Значну увагу приділено практичній підготовці майбутніх юристів. Практична спрямованість юридичної освіти забезпечується освітніми заходами: майстер-класами, тренінгами, вебінарами, практичними семінарами, дискусіями в малих групах, тематичними дослідженнями, онлайн-дослідженнями, які проводять відомі юристи-практики. Наголошено на важливому значенні і ролі юридичних клінік та програм учнівства. Зроблено висновок, що країни прагнуть до уніфікації освітніх і професійних стандартів з підготовки майбутніх юристів на основі розроблення спільних критеріїв у межах міжнародної співпраці.
Capítulo IV: Experiencia institucional de la Agencia para la Reincorporación y la Normalización en la atención de personas que se acogen a procesos de desarme, desmovilización, reintegración y reincorporación en el Eje Cafetero: 2003- 2020
Authors: Medrano Benavides José Luis , Duque Ossa Lina Marcela , Sanmiguel Oscar Fernando
Published: March 2023

Los procesos de desarme, desmovilización, reintegración y reincorporación -DDRR- son una de las alternativas que los países que han atravesado conflictos armados internos han implementado, apelando a mecanismos de Justicia Transicional, para finalizar con la confrontación y brindar oportunidades y herramientas para la reconfiguración de los proyectos de vida de las personas que dejan las armas. En este sentido, el Estado colombiano ha venido implementando una política de DDRR de largo aliento que, desde el año 2003, se ha fortalecido institucionalmente, atendiendo los desafíos históricos y políticos propios de un país en transición, y con la particularidad de tener múltiples negociaciones de paz simultaneas y en medio del conflicto. El presente artículo recoge la experiencia institucional de la Agencia para la Reincorporación y la Normalización -ARN- entre los años 2003 y 2020, en lo relacionado a los procesos de atención que brinda a los excombatientes de grupos armados que se han acogido a procesos de DDRR en Colombia, utilizando para ello una revisión documental, acompañada de una consulta de sistemas de información y de las experiencias de colaboradores de esta entidad en el Eje Cafetero. Así, la finalidad es presentar un panorama de la evolución institucional en la región, junto con los logros que ha tenido la Política de Reintegración, los avances y particularidades en el modelo de atención a los postulados de Justicia y Paz,y la implementación de la Política de Reincorporación como producto de la firma del acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno y las FARC-EP. Las cifras presentadas tienen un contexto nacional, haciendo énfasis en la región del Eje Cafetero, y dejan ver los esfuerzos institucionales de la ARN para aportar a la paz territorial, la convivencia y la reconciliación, poniendo en evidencia los retos y desafíos que la transición de la guerra a la paz le plantean a la región desde la perspectiva de los procesos de DDRR.
Capítulo VIII: Quinchía: memoria latente de un pueblo ultrajado. Reflexiones sobre la reparación simbólica
Authors: Arias Rodríguez Gina Marcela , Tobón González Erika Vanesa
Published: March 2023

En este capítulo abordamos el contexto en el que se produjo el operativo conocido como “Operación Libertad” en septiembre del año 2003 en el municipio de Quinchía, Risaralda. En esta detención arbitraria, más de 100 personas del municipio vivieron los impactos de un hecho relevante que marcó la vida personal, familiar y comunitaria en un territorio frecuentemente estigmatizado y acusado de ser colaboradores de la guerrilla. En el año 2011 la Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres dentro del proceso de construcción de la Comisión de la Verdad de las mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado, conoció y documentó el caso desde una perspectiva feminista para visibilizar cómo las mujeres (madres, hijas, esposas) se afectaron a partir de este hecho. A partir de la documentación de este caso colectivo, del vínculo continuo de la Ruta con líderes y lideresas del municipio, en el año 2016, dentro del trabajo de acompañamiento psicosocial de la Ruta, se elaboró un mural que lleva el mismo nombre con el que decidimos titular este artículo. De este modo, nos interesa analizar cómo el mural posibilitó un proceso de reparación simbólica para las gentes que participaron de su construcción. La realización del mural es producto de una construcción colectiva en la que participaron mujeres y hombres, víctimas directas e indirectas de Operación Libertad, quienes fueron narrando sus interpretaciones y sentires de la historia de violencia de este municipio y, concretamente, de la posibilidad de reparar simbólicamente lo ocurrido.
Capítulo X: Una experiencia de formación para la paz
Authors: Londoño V Claudia Mónica , Herrera Claudia Patricia
Published: March 2023

Emprender proyectos de formación que tiendan a la comprensión historizada de la realidad, tomando como referente el pasado para comprender el presente y visionar el futuro, se constituye en la posibilidad de darnos cuenta de lo que ha provocado, en cada uno de nosotros, vivir entre el juego cruzado de una violencia estructural en Colombia. En el presente capítulo se expone la intención pedagógica y didáctica del Diplomado de Liderazgo para la Paz, el cual se instala en el año 2014 en el marco del proceso de negociación entre el Gobierno Nacional y la guerrilla de las FARC-EP. Este es un proyecto de formación que lidera el Sistema Universitario del Eje Cafetero (SUEJE) y el Departamento de Humanidades de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, en alianza con organizaciones, instituciones, fundaciones y sociedad civil que se ocupan de estos temas.Son tres aspectos metodológicos que caracterizan este proceso de formación: primero, el reconocimiento de múltiples versiones de la historia del conflicto armado colombiano; segundo, la confluencia de visiones y versiones de los estudiantes dadas sus experiencias, que están mediadas por su participación o no en la guerra; y tercero, la capacidad de la sociedad civil para desarrollar ejercicios de incidencia política.
Das Problem des transparenten Schwarz im Kontext von Wittgensteins Bemerkungen über die Farben
Authors: Busse Lennert
Published: March 2023

In this paper, I will investigate the problem of transparent white, as is it formulated by Ludwig Wittgenstein in Remarks on Colour. I will do so by gathering transparency requirements from RC paragraphs to develop a clear definition of transparency. The impossibility
of a transparent white will be explained by pointing to the fact that white conflicts with such a definition. Furthermore, based on Paul Gilbert's and Jonathan Westphal's discussion of the problem of transparent white, I will investigate the problem of transparent black. Although
neither transparent white nor transparent black is possible, the impossibility of each is grounded on conflicts with different elements of the definition of transparency.
Boom and Bust in Bronze Age Britain: The Great Orme Copper Mine and European Trade
Authors: R. Alan Williams
Published: March 2023

The Great Orme copper mine on the coast of north Wales is one of the largest surviving Bronze Age mines in Europe. But where did all the copper go? Until now this remained something of a mystery. It was claimed in the 1990s that the mine only produced a low impurity type of copper that was uncommon in the British Bronze Age. These claims had marginalised the mine as an unimportant copper source, whose extensive workings were explained away as being merely the result of small-scale workings over nearly a thousand years. However, the results of this new interdisciplinary research, which combines archaeological and geological knowledge with the latest scientific analytical methods, radically changes that picture. This new evidence reveals a copper mine of European importance, which dominated Britain’s copper supply for two centuries (c. 1600-1400 BC), with some metal reaching mainland Europe stretching from Brittany to the Baltic. This zenith period of large-scale production is thought to have required a full-time mining community, possibly supported or controlled by the agriculturally richer area of north-east Wales with its strategic links into wider communication networks. Overall, the new evidence suggests that Britain was far more integrated into European trade/exchange networks than was previously suspected.
Comparison of the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT) to Commonly-Used Short Cognitive Screening Instruments in a Memory Clinic Population
Authors: O’Caoimh Rónán , Molloy D. William
Published: March 2023

Background:

Short cognitive screening instruments (CSI) are required to identify cognitive impairment in busy outpatient clinics. While the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT) is commonly used, its accuracy in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and against more widely-used CSIs is less well established.

Objective:

To examine the diagnostic accuracy of the 6CIT against the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Q mci) screen across the cognitive spectrum in a memory clinic population.

Methods:

In total, 142 paired assessments were available (21 with SCD, 32 MCI, and 89 with dementia). Consecutive patients underwent a comprehensive assessment and were screened using the 6CIT, Q mci, and MoCA. Accuracy was determined from the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).

Results:

The median age of patients was 76 (±11) years; 68% were female. The median 6CIT score was 10/28 (±14). The 6CIT was strongly, negatively, and statistically significantly correlated with the Q mci ( r = –0.84) and MoCA ( r = –0.86). The 6CIT had good accuracy for separating cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia) from SCD, (AUC:0.88; 0.82–0.94), similar to the MoCA (AUC:0.92; 0.87–0.97, p = 0.308), but statistically lower than the Q mci (AUC:0.96; 0.94–0.99, p = 0.01). The 6CIT was faster to administer, median time 2.05 minutes versus 4.38 and 9.5 for the Q mci and MoCA, respectively.

Conclusion:

While the Q mci was more accurate than the 6CIT, the shorter administration time of the 6CIT, suggests it may be useful when assessing or monitoring cognitive impairment in busy memory clinics, though larger samples are required to evaluate.
The role of HMGCR expression in combination therapy of simvastatin and FAC treated locally advanced breast cancer patients
Authors: Yulian Erwin Danil , Siregar Nurjati Chairani , Sudijono Bajuadji , Hwei Lie Rebecca Yen
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown the role of statin added to the patient’s chemotherapy regimen and the role of Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) expression in predicting breast cancer patient outcomes. In our previous study, adding statins improved clinical and pathological responses in LABC patients. Furthermore, we planned to study statin’s role as a combination to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in treating locally advanced breast cancers on the basis of HMGCR expression. Moreover, we aimed to study the association between the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics and HMGCR expression. METHODS: This study is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in two health centers in Indonesia. Each patient enrolled with written informed consent and then randomized to receive either simvastatin 40 mg/day or a placebo, combined with the fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) NAC. RESULTS: HMGCR was associated with low staging and normal serum cholesterol in the high Ki67 level group (p = 0.042 and p = 0.021, respectively). The pre-and post-chemotherapy tumor sizes are significantly correlated in two groups (HMGCR negative expression, p = 0.000 and HMGCR moderate expression, p = 0.001) with a more considerable average decrease in tumor size compared to HMGCR strong expression group. CONCLUSION: Statin therapy might work better in HMGCR-negative or low-expression tumors, although HGMCR expression is associated with better clinical parameters in our study.
A multiview clustering framework for detecting deceptive reviews
Authors: Zhang Yubao , Wang Haining , Stavrou Angelos
Published: March 2023

Online reviews, which play a key role in the ecosystem of nowadays business, have been the primary source of consumer opinions. Due to their importance, professional review writing services are employed for paid reviews and even being exploited to conduct opinion spam. Posting deceptive reviews could mislead customers, yield significant benefits or losses to service vendors, and erode confidence in the entire online purchasing ecosystem. In this paper, we ferret out deceptive reviews originated from professional review writing services. We do so even when reviewers leverage a number of pseudonymous identities to avoid the detection. To unveil the pseudonymous identities associated with deceptive reviewers, we leverage the multiview clustering method. This enables us to characterize the writing style of reviewers (deceptive vs normal) and cluster the reviewers based on their writing style. Furthermore, we explore different neural network models to model the writing style of deceptive reviews. We select the best performing neural network to generate the representation of reviews. We validate the effectiveness of the multiview clustering framework using real-world Amazon review data under different experimental scenarios. Our results show that our approach outperforms previous research. We further demonstrate its superiority through a large-scale case study based on publicly available Amazon datasets.
Quantum mechanics and symplectic topology
Authors: Henriksson Andreas
Published: March 2023

Non-relativistic quantum mechanics is in this article built from the indeterminacy relation with the aid of symplectic topology. The concept of probability is re-interpreted and the Schrödinger equation is derived from its conservation. The superposition principle is reformulated.
Pela Gandong and Christian Education in Culture and Society Practices
Authors: Sahertia Novita Loma , Mentekohy Benjamin , Ming David
Published: March 2023

In Ambon, especially in the land of Allang, there is Pela Gandong culture. Pela Gandong culture is a cultural process that can affect the personality and values of cooperation between social communities reconciliation and peacebuilding. This research goal is the Pela Gandong culture is pirit of common sense of belonging, common sense of unity, common sense of responsibility must be reflected by Christian Education. These values are expected to influence individual behavior in this culture. There are values such as cooperation, helping others, and the importance of living. In this study, the researcher uses a qualitative method that seeks to describe how the values in Pela Gandong culture can be taken by Christian Education in the value of Allang Society. The result is Pela Gandong culture in indigenous peoples is not only seen as a cultural process oriented to customary provisions. Pela Gandong culture can be used as a learning tool for the community in order to increase sensitivity to Christian Education.
Energy georesources and personnel training
Authors: Vercheba A. A. , Vorobyov A. E.
Published: March 2023

Background. The dominant role of energy georesources in the mineral resources sector of Russian economy is considered. Achievements in this sector are determined by the quality of human capital. Successful implementation of the Strategy for the Development of the Mineral Resource Base of Russia until 2035 requires improved personnel training in the higher education system according to new educational programs in the disciplines of Applied Geology and Mining.

Aim. Assessment of the current state of the mining and geological industry in Russia, as well as its methodological and technological basis as an objective indicator of the economic and social development of the social system.

Materials and methods. Expert evaluation of the activities carried out by the Federal Subsoil Resources Management Agency in the direction of the geological study of energy resources.

Results. The conducted analysis of the sustainability of the mineral resources sector in the era of globalization and Russia’s historical experience of creating the uranium industry shows the need to further develop the nuclear energy sector. This process requires modifications in the engineering geological education to revive Russian traditions of training specialists in the field of uranium mining and treatment.

Conclusion. The prospects for increasing the mineral resources base of energy carriers and creating conditions for providing the country with energy raw materials should be supported by joint efforts of educational institutions and employers in the system of training geologists.
The genus Vates Burmeister, 1838, in French Guiana, with the description of two new species (Mantodea, Mantidae, Vatinae)
Authors: Moulin Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Vates marmorata n. sp. and Vates patrinata n. sp. (Mantidae, Vatinae) are described from French Guiana. The new species are close to V. biplagiata and V. festae, all exhibiting strong tubercles along pronotal margins but differing in male genital structures. Description, images, and measurements of anatomical parts are presented, along with distributional, natural history, and DNA barcoding data. A key to species of Vates known in French Guiana is formulated. This study highlights the value of DNA barcoding in disclosing hidden diversity in Mantodea, especially when coupled with traditional taxonomic tools.
Corrections à l’article de Libert (2021)
Authors: Libert Michel
Published: March 2023

Corrections to the article by Libert (2021). In the article published by Libert in 2021, two mistakes were introduced into figure 1 and into the designation of lectotypes. They are corrected here.
A Study on Ureteric Abnormalities in Single Contrast Bolus CT Urography at A Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Suraparaju Varaprasad Varma Pavankumar , Prashant Titare  , Varsha Rote Kaginalkar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: CT urography is an imaging technique in which the i.v contrast is injected and phases of CT scan are taken to study the entire urinary system. It has essentially replaced intravenous urography (IVU) in most imaging practices. CT Urography has evolved as an ideal imaging tool for comprehensive imaging assessment of patients with flank pain, malignancies, hematuria, trauma, renal calculi, suspected congenital malformations and in various clinical settings. Other CT advantages include the use of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), curved planar reformatted images, maximum intensity projection (MIP) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction which gives valuable information to the clinician about the extent of the lesions and helps in management.

Aim: To study various types of ureteric abnormalities in CT Urography in various clinical presentation.

Materials and methods: This is a tertiary hospital based observational Descriptive Cross sectional study conducted on 360 patients referred for CT Urography with Clinical Signs & Symptoms of urinary tract abnormalities, having ureteric imaging abnormalities. Siemens somatum High Definition 128 slice CT scanner was used for single bolus CT urography.

Results: Males were more as compared to females with age group 31 to 50 years (44.4%). Abdominal pain with urinary complaints was seen in maximum number of patients (203 cases- 56.4%).  Urinary complaints in known abdomino-pelvic malignancies was seen in 18% cases. 285 patients had obstructive urography findings like hydronephrosis or hydroureter, and 75 cases had non obstructive findings like ureteral filling defects due to calculi, clots, etc or abnormal ureteric course or only congenital abnormality. Most hydroureter cases were secondary to obstructive calculus followed by obstruction by external malignant mass.

Conclusion: This study outlines the most common ureteric abnormalities in patients referred for CT urography which were mostly obstructive findings most cases were secondary to obstructive calculus followed by obstruction by external malignant mass.  The non obstructive findings like ureteral filling defects were due to calculi, clots, etc or abnormal ureteric course or only congenital abnormalities. Delayed phase of CT urography can also be applied in Contrast CT study of abdomen & Pelvic scans on case to case basis to study ureteric involvements & pathologies.
Acute Kidney Injury after Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients with Lymphomas and Leukemias
Authors: Mota Anna Carolina Macieira Feitosa , Alves Joubert Araújo , Canicoba Gabriel Stecca , Brito Germana Alves de , Vieira Garles Miller Matias , Baptista Aline Lourenço , Andrade Luis André Silvestre , Imanishe Marina Harume , Pereira Benedito Jorge
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Hematologic malignancies, including lymphomas and leukemias, may be treated with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. However, these approaches can increase the risk of infection, sepsis, graft-versus-host disease, and nephrotoxicity, possibly resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI). Objective: To evaluate AKI in patients with lymphomas or leukemia submitted to bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Method: Retrospective, observational cohort study of cases from a database of 256 patients (53.9% males) hospitalized for BMT between 2012 and 2014 at a cancer hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Of these, 79 were selected randomly for analysis. Demographic data, length of hospitalization, and associated morbidities were recorded. AKI was identified according to Kidney Diseases Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Results: The most frequent diagnoses for the 79 cases were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (30.4%), acute myeloid leukemia (26.6%), and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (24.1%). The probability of 100 days-survival after BMT was 81%, and three years after BMT was 61%. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients who presented AKI during hospitalization (p<0.001). However, there was no difference in overall life expectancy (p=0.770). Conclusion: A significant prevalence of AKI was found in patients with leukemia or lymphoma while they were hospitalized for BMT, resulting in significantly increased rates of in-hospital mortality. The presence of AKI during hospitalization was not associated with a subsequent reduction in life expectancy.
Cordoma Sacral: Relato de uma Rara Neoplasia Maligna
Authors: Zimmer Rafael Gonçalves , Stábille Isadora Lyrio , Potros Francine Ribeiro , Martins Adriana Batista Alves
Published: March 2023

Introdução: O cordoma é um tipo de sarcoma cuja malignidade óssea primária se origina da notocorda e se localiza no eixo espinhal entre o clivus e o sacro. A primeira descrição dessa patologia foi em 1857. Na epidemiologia da doença, são mais afetados pacientes entre 40 e 60 anos, sendo o principal sítio de acometimento a região sacrococcígea. O quadro clínico é variável conforme o local acometido com sintomas geralmente inespecíficos, gerando atrasos no diagnóstico feito por biópsia. Entre as opções de tratamento, o principal método é a ressecção cirúrgica com margens, que pode ser associada à radioterapia ou à radiocirurgia quando necessário; os sítios de metástases mais comuns são pulmões, ossos, fígado e linfonodos locais. Relato do caso: Paciente, sexo feminino, 62 anos, iniciou com quadro de dor em região coccígea com piora ao sentar-se e surgimento de lesão nodular com crescimento progressivo recebendo diagnóstico de cordoma, após biópsia da lesão, depois de três anos. Em razão da lesão extensa, optou-se inicialmente por tratamento com quimio e radioterapia para citorredução. Pela pouca responsividade, foi submetida ao tratamento de sacralectomia com sucesso, porém apresentou como complicação deiscência de ferida operatória e necessidade de reabordagem, desde então sem recorrência no seguimento clínico. Conclusão: Assim, evidencia-se a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre o cordoma, um tumor raro e de baixa responsividade aos tratamentos não cirúrgicos, visando a melhorar a terapêutica quimioterápica dessa neoplasia potencialmente deformante.
PENDIDIKAN AKHLAQ PADA GENERASI MILENIAL DI ERA DISRUPSI
Authors: KHOIR FATIHUL
Published: March 2023

Technological advances that are currently developing have many impacts on moral education in the current millennial generation. The presence of information technology is able to change the basic order of society. In addition, it provides a lot of comfort for the millennial generation so that they do not pay attention to the destructive side that threatens the technological advances. The purpose of this study is to review the concepts and strategies of moral education in the millennial generation in the current era of disruption. The research method used is library research, namely data collection or scientific writing on the subject of research or data collection of a library nature or studies carried out to solve a problem that focuses on critical and in-depth studies. millennials include: 1) Exemplary Method. 2) Habituation Method. 3) Method of giving advice. 4) Story method (fairy tale). 5) Attention/supervision method. while the strategies used to provide moral education for the millennial generation in the era of disruption include: 1) The current millennial generation needs to be introduced to a comprehensive understanding of the concept of morality. 2) there needs to be a good role model in the surrounding environment, especially. 3) prevent to be hedonistic.