bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender diversity in United States neurosurgery training programs
Authors: Donaldson Katelyn , Callahan Katherine E. , Gelinne Aaron , Everett Wyll , Ames S. Elizabeth , Air Ellen L. , Durham Susan R.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Neurosurgery continues to be one of the medical specialties with the lowest representation of females in both the resident and faculty workforce. Currently, there are limited available data on the gender distribution of faculty and residents in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited neurosurgery training programs. This information is critical to accurately measure the results of any effort to improve both the recruitment and retention of women in neurosurgery. The objective of the current study was to define the current gender distribution of faculty and residents in ACGME-accredited neurosurgery training programs.

METHODS

Data publicly available through institutional and supplemental websites for neurosurgical faculty and residents at ACGME-accredited programs were analyzed for the 2017–2018 academic year. Data collected for faculty included gender, age, year of residency graduation, academic rank, h-index, American Board of Neurological Surgery certification status, and leadership positions. Resident data included gender and postgraduate year of training.

RESULTS

Among the 109 ACGME-accredited neurosurgical residency programs included in this study, there were 1350 residents in training, of whom 18.2% were female and 81.8% were male. There are 1320 faculty, of whom 8.7% were female and 91.3% were male. Fifty-eight programs (53.2%) had both female faculty and residents, 35 programs (32.1%) had female residents and no female faculty, 4 programs (3.7%) had female faculty and no female residents, and 6 programs (5.5%) lacked both female residents and faculty. Six programs (5.5%) had incomplete data. Female faculty were younger, had lower h-indices, and were less likely to be board certified and attain positions of higher academic rank and leadership.

CONCLUSIONS

This study serves to provide a current snapshot of gender diversity in ACGME-accredited neurosurgery training programs. While there are still fewer female neurosurgeons achieving positions of higher academic rank and serving in leadership positions than male neurosurgeons, the authors’ findings suggest that this is likely due to the small number of women in the neurosurgical field who are the farthest away from residency graduation and serves to highlight the significant progress that has been made toward achieving greater gender diversity in the neurosurgical workforce.
Visualization of extracranial-intracranial bypass in moyamoya patients using intraoperative three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography with intravenous contrast injection and robotic C-arm: patient series
Authors: Kato Naoki , Kan Issei , Abe Yukiko , Otani Katharina , Narikiyo Michihisa , Nagayama Gota , Nishimura Kengo , Mori Ryosuke , Kodama Tomonobu , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Murayama Yuichi
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The authors describe a noninvasive intraoperative imaging strategy of three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with intravenous (IV) contrast injection, using indocyanine green (ICG) as a test bolus, during extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for moyamoya disease.

OBSERVATIONS

Four patients underwent EC-IC bypass surgery in a hybrid operating room. During the surgery, bypass patency was verified using ICG videoangiography and Doppler ultrasonography. After skin closure, the patients under anesthesia underwent IV 3D-DSA with a robotic C-arm in which the scan delay time for the 3D-DSA scan was estimated from the arrival time of ICG during the ICG videoangiography. One day after the surgery, the patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The IV 3D-DSA images were retrospectively compared with those obtained with other modalities. Good bypass patency was confirmed on IV 3D-DSA, ICG videoangiography, Doppler ultrasonography, and postoperative MRA in all cases. The delay time determined using ICG videoangiography as a test bolus resulted in IV 3D-DSA with adequate image quality, allowing assessment of the spatial relationships between the vessels and anastomoses from all directions.

LESSONS

To evaluate bypass patency and anatomical relationships immediately after EC-IC bypass surgery, IV 3D-DSA may be a useful modality. ICG videoangiography can be used to determine the scan delay time.
PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS DAN KEPERCAYAAN NASABAH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENABUNG PADA BANK NAGARI SYARIAH KCP SIMPANG EMPAT
Authors: Usvita Mega
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dimaksud untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh religiusitas dan kepercayaan nasabah terhadap keputusan menabung pada Bank Nagari Syariah KCP Simpang Empat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh nasabah Bank Nagari Syarian KCP Simpang Empat dengan jumlah sampel 100 orang, dimana teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan Accidental Sampling. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapat variabel Religiusitas (X1) dan Kepercayaan (X­­2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan menabung (Y) pada bank Nagari Syariah KCP Simpang Empat dengan tingkat signifikannya 0,000. Besarnya pengaruh Religiusitas (X1) dan Kepercayaan (X­­2) terhadap keputusan menabung (Y) adalah 0,774 (R2= 77,4)
Authors: Hidayat Intra Swadaya , Herdiansyah Muhammad Izman
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi seberapa jauh pembelajaran kolaboratif yang terjadi di Universitas Bina Darma Palembang. Data yang digunakan adalah data dari pesan yang ada pada forum e-learning. Data tersebut kemudian diolah menggunakan pendekatan metode Community of inquiry. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah analisis dari penerapan collaborative learning pada forum e-learning dan saran untuk meningkatkan penerapannya.

 

Keywords — LMS, Community of Inquiry, Blended Learning, Online Learning, Trancript Analysis
REM Sleep Without Atonia and Gait Impairment in People with Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Amundsen-Huffmaster Sommer L. , Petrucci Matthew N. , Linn-Evans Maria E. , Chung Jae Woo , Howell Michael J. , Videnovic Aleksandar , Tuite Paul J. , Cooper Scott E. , MacKinnon Colum D.
Published: January 2021

Background: Subtle gait deficits can be seen in people with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), a prodromal stage of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related alpha-synucleinopathies. It is unknown if the presence and level of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA, the electromyographic hallmark of RBD) is related to the severity of gait disturbances in people with PD. Objective: We hypothesized that gait disturbances in people with mild-to-moderate PD would be greater in participants with RSWA compared to those without RSWA and matched controls, and that gait impairment would correlate with measures of RSWA. Methods: Spatiotemporal characteristics of gait were obtained from 41 people with PD and 21 age-matched controls. Overnight sleep studies were used to quantify muscle activity during REM sleep and group participants with PD into those with RSWA (PD-RSWA+, n = 22) and normal REM sleep muscle tone (PD-RSWA-, n = 19). Gait characteristics were compared between groups and correlated to RSWA. Results: The PD-RSWA+ group demonstrated significantly reduced gait speed and step lengths and increased stance and double support times compared to controls, and decreased speed and cadence and increased stride velocity variability compared to PD-RSWA- group. Larger RSWA scores were correlated with worse gait impairment in the PD group. Conclusion: The presence and level of muscle tone during REM sleep is associated with the severity of gait disturbances in PD. Pathophysiological processes contributing to disordered gait may occur earlier and/or progress more rapidly in people with PD and RBD.
Adjuvant Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Kazarian Austin G. , Chawla Neal S. , Muddasani Ramya , Pal Sumanta K.
Published: January 2021

In recent years, incredible progress has been made in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, with a paradigm shift from the use of cytokines to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Despite advances in the metastatic setting, effective therapies in the adjuvant setting are a largely unmet need. Currently, sunitinib (Sutent, Pfizer) is the only therapy for the adjuvant treatment of RCC included in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, which was approved by the FDA based on the improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) seen in the S-TRAC trial. However, improvement in DFS has not translated into an overall survival (OS) benefit for patients at high-risk of relapse post-nephrectomy, illustrating the need for more effective therapies. This manuscript will highlight attributes of both historical and current drug trials and their implications on the landscape of adjuvant therapy. Additionally, we will outline strategies for selecting patients in whom treatment would be most beneficial, as optimal patient selection is a crucial step towards improving outcomes in the adjuvant setting. This is especially critical, given the financial cost and pharmacological toxicity of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, we will review the design of clinical trials including the value of utilizing OS as an endpoint over DFS. Finally, we will discuss how the incorporation of genomic data into predictive models, the use of more sensitive imaging modalities for more accurate staging, and more extensive surgical intervention involving lymph node dissection, may impact outcomes.
Mechanism for protecting the property interests of organizations in the alcohol processing industry
Authors: Kovalenko Aleksandr , Svetlakov A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The research is aimed at identifying and evaluating modern tools for protecting the property interests of organizations in the alcohol processing industry. Methods. The following research methods were used in the work: analysis, synthesis, systemic, structural, functional method, statistical, mathematical methods, as well as methods for definition of a concept, classification and comparative method. Results and practical significance. The author defines the concept of “institutions for the protection of property interests of producers of alcoholic products” as a set of mutually binding and limiting subjects of the agri-food market of alcoholic products norms and rules. Free disposal, effective use and interest in the preservation of property determine the purpose of the emergence and development of institutions for the protection of property interests. The acquisition of agricultural raw materials, the process of their processing and the creation of a finished product, as well as its implementation are components of the effective implementation of property interests. The structure of protection institutions is defined, which includes market participants (economic agents), formal and informal norms and rules of their interaction. Such areas of protection for the effective implementation of property interests as physical protection, economic protection and protection of information and legally protected data are highlighted. Specific measures to protect property interests in each direction at all stages of the protection mechanisms are defined. Phenomena that have a General impact on the protection of property interests include criminal threats, accidental circumstances and unintentional innocent actions, uncontrolled phenomena, the effectiveness of process management and risk management, the use of business intelligence, and the impact of economic crisis phenomena. The special role of integration and Association of agri-food market participants in terms of protecting the property interests of small and medium-sized businesses is defined.
Factors of changing demand for the food market of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Nikonova Galina , Nikonov Aleksey
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The population’s demand for food is the most important element of the region's food system in the context of modern global challenges and risks. The problems of effective life support for residents of a large city have their own specifics and patterns of development. The purpose of the study was to identify the dynamics of demand and its determining factors in the food market of St. Petersburg, including their changes in the conditions of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Methods. Abstract-logical, monographic and economic-statistical methods were used. Results. The article provides a comparative assessment of structural changes in the level of food consumption by city residents, the average per capita income of the population, changes in price parameters that affect purchasing power. It is revealed that the trend of reducing the consumption of almost all types of products by the population of St. Petersburg in 2018 remains unchanged. This indirectly reflects the lack of economic availability of food, which is confirmed by data on the distribution of total monetary income of the population by 20 percent groups. It is concluded that despite the higher growth rates of monetary incomes of the city's population from 2015 to 2018, the share of the number of residents in the groups with lower incomes increased. It shows a decrease in consumer demand during the pandemic. In combination with the increase in food prices, this is a factor that limits the consumption activity of citizens, an indicator of which is the size and structure of family spending on food. The implementation of the policy of import substitution creates prerequisites for the growth of supply in the food market of St. Petersburg due to the resource capabilities of the production of local producers. Scientific novelty consists in determining trends and structural changes in consumer behavior of households in order to justify urgent measures to change it in the desired direction, in the face of increasing external shocks and challenges.
PELATIHAN UNTUK PARA PELAKU UMKM AGAR BERTAHAN MENGHADAPI KRISIS AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19 WARGA PERIGI, PONDOK AREN, TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Faroh Wahyu Nurul , Wijaya Muhammad Restu , Syamtoro Budi , . Ratnawati , Lestari Sri Eka
Published: January 2021

Semakin meningkatnya penyebaran virus Corona atau yang sering disebut dengan Covid-19 menghambat aktivitas masyarakat di luar rumah. Sehingga secara langsung maupun tidak langsung menyebabkan perlambatan dan kelumpuhan ekonomi. Hal ini tentunya berdampak besar untuk warga yang kesehariannya sebagai pedagang, pekerja di sektor informal seperti tukang bangunan, tukang ojek, guru ngaji honorer, dsb. Mereka ini adalah masyarakat yang penghasilannya didapatkan dengan cara bertemu langsung dengan para konsumen atau kliennya. Dalam kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat kami melakukan kerjasama dengan Warga Kampung Parigi Rt.003/005 kelurahan Parigi Kecamatan Pondok Aren Tangerang Selatan. Dari hasil survey dan wawancara melalui Warga Kampung Parigi Rt.003/005 bahwa permasalahan yang ada sekarang ini dan masih berlanjut salah satunya yaitu para pelaku UMKM utamanya pedagang kecil yang berada di daerah perkampungan pondok aren tidak mendapatkan penghasilan, dikarenakan tidak bisa keluar rumah untuk menjual barang dagangannya secara langsung kepada para konsumen. Tujuan jangka pendek PKM ini adalah untuk memotivasi para UMKM warga kampung perigi agar percaya diri memasarkan dagangannya,sarana pemasaran yang di gunakan adalah pemasaran online, karena dengan dengan pemasaran online di masa pandemik ini paling efektif, dan tujuan jangka panjang pelatihan ini diharapakan para UMKM warga perigi ini lebih mandiri dan lebih terbiasa dengan pemasaran online ini. metode yang akan dipakai dalam pencapaian tujuan yaitu dengan berbagai metode seperti ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab, serta pendampingan bagi masyarakat secara rutin.
PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT BAKTI SOSIAL DAN PELATIHAN BUDIDAYA LELE DAN KANGKUNG SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID- 19
Authors: Mulyono Agus , Nurrokhman Agus , Witono Agus , Jawad Aod Abdul , Wisnianingsih Nova
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan dalam rangka memenuhi kewajiban dalam pelaksanaan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi dan untuk meringankan sedikit beban berupa pembagian bingkisan sembako dan pelatihan budidaya lele dan kangkung dalam skala kecil keluarga kepada beberapa keluarga di daerah Desa Sukamulya Kecamatan Cikupa Kabupaten Tangerang yang terkena dampak ekonomi secara langsung akibat wabah Covid-19. Hasil kegiatan PKM menunjukan bahwa permasalahan mitra, dengan adanya pandemic covid 19 yang mengakibatkan mereka tidak mendapatkan penghasilan seperti pedagang kecil, informal, ojol dan supir. Kami berinisiatif membantu program pemerintah dalam meringankan beban masyarakat khususnya masyarakat menengah kebawah yang sangat terpengaruh dengan adanya wabah covid 19 ini, dengan memberikan bantuan sembako sebagai bentuk langsung yang bias dikonsumsi untuk meringankan beban saudara kita yang terkena dampak virus corona Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah melakukan kerjasama dengan pengurus RT25 RW09 Mulya Asri 2 Sukamulya Cikupa Tangerang. Sebelum kegiatan dilaksanakan, kami melakukan komunikasi awal dengan pengurus lingkungan setempat yang kemudian dilakukan survei lapangan untuk mengetahui kondisi riil masayarakat dan mengidentifikasi keluarga sasaran dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM. Setelah mendapatkan data keluarga yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai sasaran maka komunikasi lanjutan kepada pengurus lingkungan dalam menetukan waktu pelaksanaan dan teknis kegiatan
PEMBERDAYAAN IBU-IBU PKK MELALUI PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN POTENSI DENGAN MOTIVATION TRAINING SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBANGKITKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN SAWAH CIPUTAT, TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Aprilliani Siti , Meryati Ani , Kharisma Indri , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Bachtiar Ardi
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK Kegiatan pegabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mensosialisasikan dan memberikan penyuluhan terkait pengetahuan bagaimana cara memaksimalkan penjualan melalui pemasaran online yaitu dengan mempromosikan produk di media sosial. Adapun metode yang dilakukan berupa penyampian materi dalam bentuk teori presentasi dan praktik/penerapan pembuatan akun media sosial dan cara promosinya. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah bekerjasama dengan ibu-ibu PKK (Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) Kelurahan Sawah Ciputat, kegiatan dilaksanakan di Aula Kelurahan Sawah Ciputat dan memberikan solusi sesuai dengan permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu memberikan pelatihan dalam bentuk materi dan praktek yang bertujuan mengembangkan kemampuan untuk meningkatkan pemasaran secara online dengan menggunakan media sosial bagi para peserta dari Ibu-ibu PKK guna untuk dapat membantu perekonomian Masyarakat di lingkungan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa sebelum pelaksanaan PKM, para anggota PKK sudah mengenal beberapa jenis media sosial yang terkait dengan pemasaran produk lewat media online yang berada didalam suatu aplikasi online, tetapi mereka hanya mengetahui jenis-jenis media sosialnya saja, mereka belum bisa membuat akun dan melakukan publikasi produk ke dalam akun media sosial tersebut. Namun setelah pelaksaan kegiatan diketahui para peserta dari PKK tersebut dapat memahami dasardasar pembuatan akun dengan cara memilih social media yang sesuai dengan produk/jasa yang akan mereka pasarkan agar dapat mencapai sasaran yang tepat.Kata kunci : Pemberdayaan ibu-ibu PKK, Motivation Training, Media social
IMPLEMENTASI QIRAAT SAB’AH DALAM QIRAAT ALQURAN
Authors: Fauziah Cut
Published: January 2021

This article discused about Qiraat Alquran from the narrator side to determine is this Qiraat accepted or rejected. In Quranic Sciences it is know as Qiraah Sab’ah, there are 3 requirements must be fulfilled by Qiraat in order tobe acccepted they are : its sanad must be mutawatir, which is accepted by the trusted teachers, has no problem inside, and has continuation link to prophet Muhammad saw., it also has to be famous among  the Qiraat members, and compatible with arabic grammar. Qiraat  Sab’ah is the Qiraah which has perfect continuation, which tranferred from  prophet  Muhammad saw. by a group of people who disagree to prevaricate, Qiraat Mutawatir is alegitimate and official qiraah from Alquran it is allowed to read during prayer or outside prayer using  these rules of Qiraat.
POLITIK DAN PERUBAHAN PARADIGMA PENAFSIRAN AYAT-AYAT ALQURAN DALAM PROSES PILKADA DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Kaltsum Lilik Ummi
Published: January 2021

The Quranic verse which is believed has multi-interpretation and can be understood from many aspects of sciences frequently brings people who did not have any competency in this field interpreting it based on their own desire and purpose to win a specific group from another. The phenomenon of interpreting some of the Qur‘anic verses by some groups in the process of a gubernatorial election in DKI Jakarta produces different interpretations. Finally, this differences cause conflict and debate which cannot be avoided. Every groups assume their interpretation is absolute. As a result, they blame or infidel another group. This research examines the interpretations of the Qur‘anic verses which are used during a gubernatorial election in DKI Jakarta. The object of this study based on texts and audio which are spread on the sites of the internet. All of the data will be interpreted based on the theory of interpretation rules approach. This research concludes that the personal or group interest is able to change the paradigm of the Qur‘anic interpretation including political interest.
MAKNA MAHAR DALAM ALQURAN (Kajian Historis-Antropologis)
Authors: Waro Mochamad Tholib Khoiril
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the meaning of dowry contextually by using a historical-anthropological approach, assuming the dowry verse does not descend in empty space, but descends in the midst of the seventh-century ignorance Arab society which already has deep-rooted traditions. Anthropologically, the meaning of the dowry tradition is inseparable from the dynamics of culture that existed at that time. The scope of this study includes four things, first, the tradition of mahr in the ignorance period, second, the dialectic of God's revelation with the dowry tradition and the third review of Tasyakkul-Tasykil Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's theory and the fourth, anthropological studies of religion as culture with Geertz's theory model of reality and model for reality. In this study, there is a dialectic between the revelation of God and the tradition of dowry in the ignorant Arab community who consider dowry as a medium of exchange for women to be married. Alquran is present, by adopting the tradition of dowry that has been running but constructs the meaning and practice of dowry based on the world view Alquran. Alquran means dowry as a mandatory gift for proof of love and sincerity (saduqat) which is given voluntarily (nihlah) with the intention of worshiping Allah.
HERMENEUTIKA SUFISTIK: TELAAH EPISTEMOLOGI TAKWIL IBN ‘ARABI
Authors: Haq Sansan Ziaul
Published: January 2021

The validity of Ibn ‘Arabi’s ta’wil is much debated by experts, as is ishari interpretationin general. Some academics regard it as a deconstructive interpretation which subdues the Qur'anic text to mystical-gnostic teachings. But not a few argue that his mystical interpretation is in harmony with the principle of textuality. This article will discuss the epistemological construction of Ibn ‘Arabi’ ta’wil through an analysis of the hermeneutical assumptions he introduced. By using hermeneutic and sufistic psychology approaches, this qualitative research concludes that the ta’wil practiced by Ibn ‘Arabi is a dialectical process between text and psychic-spiritual context, thus capturing various meanings in the Holy Text as a reflection of multi-dimensional reality. This kind of interpretation is literal because it imparts textual meaning, andat the same time spiritual because it also reaches inner unveiling.
قصة القرأن بين التاريخ والأسطورة
Authors: SUSANTO NUR AKHDA SABILA
Published: January 2021

The debate about the authenticity of the stories in the Qur'an until this century is still the topic of a lively discussion. Especially Orientalists who study Islam with the aim of overthrowing it will make this topic the main debate in their efforts. Departing from many debates and profound assumptions within and outside the Muslim community about the stories in the Qur'an, this paper aims to discuss the stories in the Qur'an whether it is a historical fact or a myth. The method used in the discussion of this paper uses descriptive method to be able to define and discuss narratives that discuss the stories in the Qur'an based on the foundation of the science of interpretation so that results are in accordance with the truth in the Qur'an itself. And it can be concluded that historical stories or scientific stories that occur in the Qur'an that occur or which do not occur are a sign, or a symbol of the verse to be considered by all Muslims, because there is wisdom as guidance and guidance for the lives of Muslims.
INTERELASI ALQURAN DAN KONSEP SOSIAL: KONSEPTUAL GOOD AND CLEAN GOVERNMENT SAID HAWWA DALAM AL-ASAS FI AT-TAFSIR
Authors: Theojaka Theo
Published: January 2021

This research takes focus on how to conceptualize good and clean governance based on the universality of values ​​in the Qur'an, such as discussion, justice and equality which ultimately aims to lead to the concept of the baldatun state ṭayyibatun wa rabbun ghafūr as an ideal concept responding to the changing era. The description in this study takes a new form, namely thematic analysis with mufassir's view, Sa'id Hawwa in his interpretation in Al-Asas fi at-Tafsir. Data analysis is presented in the form of arguments or truth that can be justified scientifically and rationally related to siyasi verses. At the end of this study, the researcher analyzes that the basic framework is to build good and clean governance, which can accommodate corruption, collusion and nepotism by building internal relations between all social strata including people as holders of power, judges as enforcers of justice and leaders who carry out mandate of the people. The three stakeholders must be able to work together to present a sense of justice for all parties, be able to act according to the applicable law and realize that mutual benefit is a top priority. In its implementation, the Good and Clean Government must always place deliberations as the fundamental principles and philosophies of the country. In this case listed in the fourth precepts of Pancasila adopted by the Indonesian people.
IKHTILAF AL-MUFASSIRIN: MEMAHAMI SEBAB-SEBAB PERBEDAAN ULAMA DALAM PENAFSIRAN ALQURAN
Authors: Abidin Ahmad Zainal
Published: January 2021

All Muslims agree that the Qur’an is the first and main source of Islamic law. Nevertheless, this scripture does not guarantee the same result of interpretation, given that the background of life surrounding of the interpreter is different. This paper will review the forms of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin and the causes that bring it up. In examining the causes of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin, there are at least two causes; (1) a common cause, such as the occurrence of ikhtilaf in the case of qira’at, i’rab, musytarak, hakakat-majaz, ‘am-khas, mutlaq-muqayyad, mujmal-mubayyan, amr-nahi, nasikh-mansukh, and ikhtilaf in positioning reason as the source of shari’a law; (2) special causes, such as ikhtilaf in criticism of sanad and matan, ikhtilaf in taking a source of law, and ikhtilaf in the case of aqidah and madhhab. While the forms of ikhtilaf al-mufassirin there are also two forms; (1) ikhtilaf tanawwu’, ie dissent of opinion which is all aimed at the same intention; (2) ikhtilaf taddad, that is, differences of opinion which is conflicting and can not be united.
WAWASAN BARU KAJIAN NĀSIKH-MANSŪKH: Analisis Pemikiran Maḥmūd Ṭāhā dan Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim
Authors: Anshori Muhammad
Published: January 2021

This paper attempts to analyze one of the main topics in the ‘Ulūm Al-Qurān (Quranic Sciences), namely nāsikh and mansūkh or theory of abrogation. The study of this concept is very important for an interpreter to avoid mistakes in understanding the verses of the Qur'an. In general, classical scholars understand the study of naskh in terms of the timing of the decline of verses makkīyah and madanīyah. The polemic between supporters and rejecters of the theory of naskh colored the literature of the Ulūm Al-Qurān since the classical period to the present. The majority of classical scholars accepted the concept of nāsikh-mansūkh, even as a form of miracles of the Qur'an. Unlike the minority groups who did not accept the concept of nāsikh-mansūkh, for them, all the verses of the Qur'an have their respective contexts. All verses are used because there is no way the verses of the Qur'an can be ignored. However, the past naskh theory was deemed irrelevant by Maḥmūd Muḥammad Ṭāhā and Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim. These two Sudanese thinkers put more emphasized on universal basic values ​​contained in the verses of the Qur'an. So, it could be verses makkīyah abrogated verses madanīyah. Ṭāhā and An-Naim want to grounded the universal teachings of Islam, and that can be found in the verses of makkīyah, not madanīyah. This is one of the unique thoughts of the two Sudan thinkers. They want to emphasized gender equality, social justice, social transformation, from reluctance to liberation. The point is that they want the basic values ​​that are universal to be applied in the lives of Muslim communities, not those that are particular. The verses that contain universal basic values ​​was found in the makkīyah, not the madanīyah
Ingestão Dietética, Concentrações Séricas e Teciduais Orais de Carotenoides em Pacientes com Carcinoma Epidermoide da Cavidade Oral e da Orofaringe
Authors: Maio Regiane , Berto José Carlos , Corrêa Camila Renata , Campana Álvaro Oscar , Paiva Sérgio Alberto Rupp
Published: January 2021

Com o objetivo de caracterizar pacientes com cânceres da cavidade oral e da orofaringe, quanto à ingestão alimentar e às concentrações de carotenoides no soro e tecido oral, foi realizado estudo transversal envolvendo 37 pacientes homens e 11 mulheres, com idade entre 39 e 77 anos, sem tratamento anterior da doença. As biópsias orais foram obtidas durante o ato cirúrgico em todos pacientes. Determinação tecidual de carotenoides foi realizada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAEclae), utilizando a coluna C18. As ingestões dietéticas habituais diárias de carotenoides foram 3.859, 1.994, 1.345, 508, 102 e 78mg/dia para o total de carotenoides, licopeno, betacaroteno, luteína/zeaxantina, alfacaroteno e betacriptoxantina, respectivamente. As maiores concentrações de carotenoides no soro foram verificadas para o licopeno (0,54mmol/L) e a luteína/zeaxantina (0,31mmol/L). No tecido normal, as concentrações encontradas foram 3,49; 1,15; 0,12 e 0,09mmol/kg para a luteína/zeaxantina, licopeno, betacaroteno e betacriptoxantina, respectivamente; esses valores não foram estatisticamente diferentes em relação aos do tecido neoplásico. O licopeno foi o carotenoide predominante na dieta (53%) e no soro (45%). Nos tecidos, houve predomínio da luteína/zeaxantina (64%-65%). Correlações significativas (r=0,28 a r=0,70), entre os valores de carotenoides na dieta, no soro e tecido oral, foram observadas para a maioria dos carotenoides. O licopeno foi identificado como o principal carotenoide na dieta e no soro, enquanto a luteína/zeaxantina predominou no tecido oral. Não foi observada depleção dos carotenoides investigados no tecido oral neoplásico no grupo estudado.
Optimalisasi Penugasan Kerja dan Distribusi Roti dengan Metode Assignment dan Spanning Tree
Authors: Riki Ramadan  , Wahyudin  , Satya Egar Naufal Ari
Published: January 2021

A company is required to perform activities effectively and efficiently, employee assignment problems must be done optimally, the high element of subjectivity will cause miscommunication between employees to distribute an item. This research was conducted on UMKM bakers who have not optimized the problem of employee assignment and distribution process. With this research is expected to increase corporate competition. Then the researchers used the Penalty method to allocate employees to obtain optimal results and networking methods to solve distribution problems. Data obtained from the observation results will be tested according to the method used. After the results are obtained manually the results are then compared with lingo and POM-QM software programs. The results of the research assignment were Andik distributing bread to Karang Indah, Budiman distributing bread to Jatirasa, Saepul distributing bread to Karang Pawitan, Indra distributing bread to Nagasari, Maman distributing bread to Kepuh, Aep distributing bread to Johar, and Jamhari distributing bread to Cinangoh. Total sales of 1039 pieces of bread. The distribution network results from the research are Companies – Nagasari, Companies – Jatirasa, Jatirasa – Karang Indah, Nagasari – Johar, Karang Indah – Karang Pawitan, Karang Pawitan – Kepuh, Johar – Cinangoh. The total distance traveled is 7550 m.
Comparing Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis Between Breast-Conserving Therapy with Radiotherapy and Total Mastectomy in Candidates for PET/CT Assessment
Authors: Yousefi-Koma Abbas , Bakhshayeshkaram Mehrdad , Zamani Homa , Salehi Yalda , Aghahosseini Farahnaz
Published: January 2021

Background: This study aimed to compare the recurrence rate of breast cancer between women treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) with/without radiotherapy and those treated with total mastectomy using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography18 (F-FDG PET/CT).Methods: The current study retrospectively included 588 patients suffering from breast cancer who had been referred to the PET/CT department of Masih-e-Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran between April 2013 and September 2019. Data of all female patients with breast cancer were extracted from the recorded hospital files. Based on the treatment plan, patients were divided into two groups: BCT with/without radiotherapy (n=168) and total mastectomy (n=420). Local, locoregional, and distant metabolically active lesions were determined in18 F-FDG PET/CT and compared between groups. Results: BCT and total mastectomy were comparable regarding local (28.5% vs. 25.7%, P=0.200) and locoregional (21.4% vs. 22.8%, P=0.712) recurrence, while distant recurrence was significantly higher with total mastectomy (88.5% vs. 64.2%, P<0.001). Also, lymph node invasion (42.9% vs. 60%m P<0.001) and positive PET/CT (78.5% vs. 88.5%, P=0.002) were significantly higher with total mastectomy. According to multivariate analysis, age, clinical stage, positive margin are independently correlated with the rate of distant metastasis. Conclusion: According to our analysis, breast-conserving therapy could be a suitable choice of surgery in selected patients since local and locoregional recurrence rate did not significantly differ between patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery compared to those who were treated with total mastectomy. Higher rate of distant metastasis in patients with total mastectomy seems to be influenced by many confounding variables such as age, higher stage of diagnosis and positive margin rather than type of surgery.
PENATAAN KAWASAN SUMBER JENON, DESA GUNUNGRONGGO KECAMATAN TAJINAN, KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Reza Mohammad , Witjaksono Agung , Naila Fardiah Qonita Ummi , Teweng Joana Angelia Putri Agustinus , Pratama I Gede Krisna Borneo Putra , Ramadea Mierta , Rahmadi Iqbal , Natanael Randy Elfranda
Published: January 2021

The area of Jenon Water Source has been determined as tourism development area. This research is aimed to arrange the spatial development brief of Jenon Water Source. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The research result show that regional arranfement is needed. Where in the area arrangement in Sumber Jenon carried out in this project has a positive effect in Gunungronggo Village, which can improve the economy of the Gunungronggo Village community and improve the quality of Human Resources in Gunungronggo Village by adding a central souvenir in Sumber Jenon.
GÖKÇEADA’NIN DESTİNASYON ÇEKİCİLİK UNSURLARININ BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: TEMELOĞLU Erdem , DİKER Oğuz , AKSU Murat , SAYILIR Ecevit
Published: January 2021

Çekicilik ve destinasyon çekiciliği kavramları literatürde destinasyon tercihlerinden, destinasyon imajına kadar birçok kavram ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Gökçeada sahip olduğu turizm potansiyeli ile özellikle yaz dönemleri için popüler destinasyondur. Diğer bütün destinasyonlarda olduğu gibi Gökçeada turizm destinasyonunun çekicilik unsurlarının belirlenmesi de ziyaret sürekliliği açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Gökçeada turizm destinasyonunu ziyaret eden misafirlerin, ziyaret nedenini oluşturan destinasyon çekicilik unsurlarının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç bağlamında 184 yerli turist üzerine destinasyon çekiciliğini belirlemeye yönelik 17 soruluk bir ölçek ile uygulama yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Gökçeada destinasyonunun doğal kaynakları ile doğal kaynaklar temelli turizm unsurlarının ziyaret tercihlerinde cazibe unsuru oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Javier Choperena : su nombramiento de visitador general de la diócesis de Cartagena, su actuación como tal.
Authors: Hernández Lugo Dianis , Vanegas Beltrán Muriel
Published: January 2021

Debido a sus funciones en el orden social y político colonial, la iglesia es una de las instituciones que mayor cantidad de informes produjo sobre los habitantes de las colonias hispanoamericanas. Visitas pastorales periódicas a las feligresías eran ordenadas por disposiciones conciliares (aunque no muchas veces cumplidas), en las que se recogían, desde las perspectivas de las miradas eclesiásticas y de acuerdo con las necesidades de la Corona y de la situación política del momento en que se realizaban, datos sobre el estado de las poblaciones, formas de poblamientos, orden y control social, cumplimiento de los mandatos religiosos, y hasta de las producciones que realizaban los habitantes dado que eso guardaba una relación directa con el recaudo de los diezmos, uno de los principales sustentos de los sacerdotes y de la iglesia. Y al mismo tiempo sugerían a las autoridades medidas que a su parecer debían aplicarse para ejercer un mayor control social, lo que se expresaba en el apotegma de vivir concentrados para obedecer al rey y bajo toque de campana para acceder al pasto espiritual. Según la investigación de Manuel Serrano sobre el obispado de Cartagena en el siglo XVIII, de los 16 obispos que ocuparon el solio episcopal durante ese siglo, solo 6 presentaron los informes de sus visitas pastorales. Este historiador afirma que los informes que resultaron de esas visitas presentan contenidos parecidos. Quejas contra el clero secular, precariedad de los ingresos de las parroquias, lamentaciones frente a las costumbres sociales y culturales de los habitantes que vivían dispersos y semidispersos en las áreas rurales, detalles sobre las distancias entre las cabeceras parroquiales y las veredas donde residían potenciales feligreses, las distintas producciones agropecuarias, y algunos sugerían iniciativas para impulsar el crecimiento de esas economías.
La discusión sobre la supremacía del poder civil sobre las asociaciones religiosas en México en el congreso constituyente, 1916-1917.
Authors: Villegas Martínez Fernando
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo analiza las discusiones en materia religiosa que se dieron en el congreso constituyente (1916-1917) que dieron como resultado la delineación de un marco normativo bastante restrictivo para las asociaciones religiosas y los ministros de culto. Se muestran las razones históricas y políticas que llevaron a los constituyentes a adoptar posturas anticlericales, imponiendo una visión en la que las Iglesias debían estar sometidas al poder civil, como una medida de sujetar política, económica y socialmente a las asociaciones religiosas, especialmente la católica. Se hace un seguimiento del proyecto inicial presentado por Venustiano Carranza sobre los artículos que regularían la cuestión religiosa, el debate que se generó y cómo quedó redactado en la Constitución. A su vez, se detalla qué pasó con el episcopado mexicano durante el movimiento revolucionario (1910-1917) y su posicionamiento sobre la Constitución de 1917.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH ABU CANGKANG SAWIT (POFA) TERHADAP NILAI CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR) UNTUK STABILISASI TANAH LEMPUNG
Authors: Apriyanti Yayuk , Hidayatussa'diah Hidayatussa'diah , Fahriani Ferra
Published: January 2021

Tanah lempung, dianggap sebagai tanah dengan daya dukung yang rendah. Untuk memperbaiki kondisi tanah tersebut, teknik stabilisasi tanah dapat diterapkan. Salah satu teknik stabilisasi tanah adalah dengan melakukan pencampuran abu cangkang sawit (Palm Oil Fuel Ash-POFA) pada tanah lempung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pencampuran POFA dalam tanah lempung terhadap nilai California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tanah. Proporsi campuran POFA pada tanah lempung yang digunakan adalah 5%, 10% dan 15%. CBR dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dalam kondisi basah (soaked) dengan waktu perendaman 4 hari, jumlah sampel 24 buah. Tanah diklasifikasikan dengan sistem klasifikasi AASHTO. Hasil pengujian anlaisis saringan menunjukkan persentase tanah lolos saringan nomor 200 sebesar 70,875% (masuk dalam kelompok tanah lanau hingga lempung). Dengan nilai Liquid Limit (LL) 34,08% dan nilai Plasticity Index (PI) 13,496%, maka tanah masuk kedalam klasifikasi A-6, yaitu kelompok tanah lempung dengan kualitas tanah dasar sedang sampai buruk. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian CBR laboratorium diketahui bahwa penambahan POFA pada tanah lempung dapat mempengaruhi nilai CBR. Nilai CBR meningkat dengan penambahan POFA sebesar 5% sampai 10%. Namun demikian, terjadi penurunan nilai CBR pada proporsi penambahan 15% POFA. Proporsi campuran POFA pada tanah lempung yang memberikan nilai CBR tertinggi adalah 10%. Pada komposisi ini nilai CBR meningkat 476.648% dari CBR tanah lempung asli.
Engagement or Sustainability: Managerial Performance
Authors: Jumady Edy
Published: January 2021

This study is motivated by the importance of enhancing management performance by using budget participation and total quality management as influencing factors. This research was conducted by three building companies in the city of Makassar. 68 respondents understand quite broadly the use of primary and perceptual data. The findings showed that, when the dominant variable was budgetary participation, the two independent variables had a positive relationship and a significant impact on management performance. Although several earlier studies have supported the results of the study, one of the next questions to be answered is the principle of significance of each element in the company, as management performance does not mean that firm value is directly responded to in a positive way
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ СВІТОГЛЯДНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ ЗІ ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ У МАЙБУТНІХ ІНЖЕНЕРІВ-ТЕХНОЛОГІВ ХАРЧОВОЇ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Лазарєва Т. А. , Цихановська І. В. , Благий О. С.
Published: January 2021

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність формування професійно важливих якостей зі здоров’язбереження у майбутніх інженерів-технологів харчової галузі в процесі їх професійної підготовки. Так, майбутні фахівці повинні здійснювати не лише технологічну діяльність з виробництва оздоровчої продукції, а й реалізовувати медико-фізіологічні знання з будови і функціонування організму споживачів та біологічні знання щодо оздоровчих властивостей біологічно активних речовин та харчових добавок. Це активізує необхідність розвитку у майбутніх інженерів-технологів харчової галузі світоглядних якостей, які забезпечують їх професійну підготовку до розроблення та впровадження оздоровчої продукції харчування. Метою статті було експериментальне дослідження рівня формування світоглядних якостей зі здоров’язбереження у майбутніх інженерів-технологів харчової галузі в процесі їхньої професійної підготовки. Педагогічне експериментальне дослідження формування світоглядних якостей зі здоров’язбереження у майбутніх інженерів-технологів харчової галузі проводилося протягом 2015-2018 років за трьома етапами: констатувальним, формувальним та порівняльним. Так, узагальнено структуру світоглядних якостей зі здоров’язбереження у майбутніх фахівців, зокрема визначено: моральні (високий рівень моральних стосунків з людьми; відповідальність за життя кожного споживача, чесність, громадська гідність) та духовні (гуманність, емпатія та повага до споживачів). Проведено педагогічний експеримент, за результатами якого підтверджено підвищення рівня сформованості світоглядних якостей зі здоров’язбереження у майбутніх інженерів-технологів харчової галузі за умови розроблення та впровадження авторської методики, яка ґрунтується на забезпеченні єдності компетентнісного, системного, діяльнісного та задачного підходів до професійної підготовки цих фахівців; інтеграції медико-фізіологічної, біологічної та технологічної складових змісту їхнього навчання.
ОСВІТНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ ДО РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТЬЮТОРСЬКОГО СУПРОВОДУ В АСПЕКТІ ГУМАННОЇ ПЕДАГОГІКИ
Authors: Осадча К. П.
Published: January 2021

У статті проаналізовано освітні технології та зроблено узагальнення щодо їх застосування у професійній підготовці майбутніх педагогів до реалізації тьюторського супроводу в закладах професійної (професійно-технічної) та вищої освіти, а також в неформальній освіті. Зважаючи на те, що гуманізм як прогресивна філософія життя є підґрунтям тьюторської позиції педагогів та, ґрунтуючись на аналізі науково-педагогічних праць, виділено специфічні освітні технології професійної підготовки майбутніх педагогів до реалізації тьюторського супроводу. До них віднесено: тьюторський супровід, картування, проєктування індивідуальної освітньої програми, питально-відповідні та тренінгові технології, технології модерації, візуалізації, рефлексії та взаємодії. Тьюторський супровід спрямований на відстеження динаміки освітніх досягнень і особистісного розвитку студентів у процесі навчання. Картування передбачає спільну роботу з напрямами індивідуального освітнього руху студента, простором його самовизначення і цілей та освітніми ресурсами середовища. Проєктування індивідуальної освітньої програми передбачає зосередження студентів на своїх поточних і майбутніх освітніх чи професійних цілях. Питально-відповідні технології спрямовані на розвиток комунікативних навичок студентів, а тренінгові – соціально-психологічної компетентності. Технології модерації дозволяють розвинути у студентів здатності до управління комунікативними взаємодіями в групі у ході дискусії. Технології візуалізації використовуються для наочного подання інформації та знань за допомогою різноманітних словесних, візуальних і мультимедійних кодів (предмет, слово, абревіатура, рисунок, креслення, графіка тощо). Рефлексивні технології дозволяють майбутнім педагогам навчитися передбачати результати своєї професійної діяльності, аналізувати їх, приймати самостійне рішення та знаходити вихід у проблемних ситуаціях. Технології взаємодії, зокрема мережевої, дозволяють студентам набути навичок організації тьюторського супроводу підопічних за допомогою сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій.