bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partial Purification and Characterization of Urinary Procoagulant
Authors: Aoki N , von Kaulla K. N
Published: June 2018

Partial purification of the human urinary procoagulant was achieved and some of its properties characterized. Purification was accomplished by adsorption of urine with BaSO4, citrate elution, isoelectric precipitation followed by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and chromatography on hydroxylapatite and Sephadex G-200. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation yielded two active components with different sedimentation rates. On electrophoresis the heavier component did not enter the polyacrylamide gel, and the smaller one gave no precipitin band with antihuman serum on immunodiffusion, indicating that the procoagulant does not originate from blood. The purified procoagulant required phospholipids or platelets to activate prothrombin in the presence of coagulation factors V, VII, X and Ca++, while the crude procoagulant preparations activated prothrombin to some extent without an addition of phospholipids or platelets. Thus, the purified urinary procoagulant does not act as a typical tissue thromboplastin whereas the crude preparation may contain it as a component or contaminant. Phosphorus-containing material which may be part of a moiety endowing crude procoagulant with tissue thromboplastin-like activity is largely removed by the purification procedure resulting in low levels in the purified procoagulant.

The possible identity (relationship ? ) of urinary procoagulant with the protein component of tissue thromboplastin is discussed.
Methodische Untersuchungen zur Plättchenaggregation bei der Ratte
Authors: Hohage R , Hiemeyer V
Published: June 2018

An plättchenreichen Plasmen mit verschiedenem Antikoagulantienzusatz wurde die Aggregation von Rattenthrombozyten turbidimetrisch untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß die Aussagekraft von Aggregationskurven bei Verwendung von Heparin als Antikoagulans wegen der Neigung zu Spontanaggregationen während der Präparation eingeschränkt ist. Ebenso ergab sich bei Zitratzusatz eine deutliche Beeinflussung des Kurvenverlaufes infolge leichter Schwankungen des Kalziumsgehaltes. Plasmen, die durch Zusatz von Zitrat + Heparin gewonnen warden, ließen eine nur geringe Neigung zu Spontanaggregationen erkennen, wobei der Kurvenverlauf nach Rekalzifizierung weitgehend unabhängig vom ursprünglichen Kalziumgehalt ist. Demnach erlaubt nur die Verwendung von Zitrat-Heparin-Plasma, das vor Versuchssbeginn rekalzifiziert wird, eine exakte Beurteilung der Plättchenfunktion einzelner Ratten.
Platelet Adhesiveness in Symptomatic Women Taking Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Zuck T. F , Bergin J. J , Raymond Jane M. , Dwyre W. R , Corby D. G
Published: June 2018

Platelet adhesiveness to glass was determined in several groups of women. Increases were found in women developing thrombovascular symptoms while taking combined oral contraceptives, compared to both normal women and asymptomatic users of oral contraceptives. Despite this increase, overlap of the groups did not permit discrimination between symptomatic and asymptomatic women. However, it is possible, that in concert with other coagulation changes, platelet adhesiveness to glass may prove adjunctive in defining women at increased risk of developing thrombovascular symptoms while taking oral contraceptives, and further define the mechanism of the increased risk.
Inhibition of Clot Retraction by Previous In Vitro Platelet Aggregation
Authors: de Gaetano G , Donati M. B , Vermylen J , Verstraete M
Published: June 2018

Clot retraction was not observed in plasma when coagulation was preceded by in vitro platelet aggregation; this inhibition was proportional to the degree of platelet aggregation.

In the absence of continuous stirring, the coagulation of citrated-platelet rich plasma by CaCl2 was not preceded by measurable aggregation of platelets and was followed by normal retraction of the clot. In presence of a continuous stirring of platelet-rich plasma, the addition of CaCl2 led to platelet clumping and coagulation but not to clot retraction.

Platelet-rich plasma containing ADP-unresponsive platelets, retracted normally.

Using different inhibitors of platelet aggregation, clot retraction was shown to be inhibited by antimycin A and by 2-deoxy-D-glucose together, but was normal in presence of adenosine or acetylsalieylic acid.

Which pool of ATP provides energy for clot retraction has been discussed.

Suggestions were presented that the appearance of platelet factor 3 activity during clotting is not invariably linked to platelet aggregation.
Effects of N-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-N-(2-hydroxy- 2-phenylethyl)-2,5-dichloroaniline (AN 162) on Platelet Function and Blood Coagulation
Authors: Kenzie R. D Mac , Blohm T. R
Published: June 2018

When AN 162 was added to human citrated platelet-rich plasma at 30-300 µg/ml, it inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and thrombin. When AN 162 was given orally to guinea pigs at 30 to 100 mg/kg, an in vivo inhibitory effect on platelet aggregability was found. Though it activated platelet factor 3, the concentration of AN 162 required for substantial activation was greater than that for inhibition of platelet aggregation. No effect on plasma clotting factors was found at or below 300 µg/ml. Slight prolongation of whole blood clotting time was found in the rat and monkey.
Studies on the Participation of Hageman Factor in Fibrinolysis
Authors: McDonagh R.P , Ferguson J.H
Published: June 2018

The specific inhibition of the kaolin-mediated Hageman factor activation by the polycations : lysozyme, spermine tetrahydrochloride, and cytochrome c was confirmed. These polycations were without any antiplasmin or antiplasminogen-activator activity when tested in a one-stage lysis system. However, marked inhibition of plasminogen-activator generation in normal plasma by these polycations was noted in the activator-generation test. The proposed role of Hageman factor as that of a lysokinase or indirect activator of plasminogen is supported by these experiments.
The Kidney and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Marsh N. A
Published: June 2018

Molecular exclusion chromatography was performed on samples of urine from normal and aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. Normal urine contained 2 peaks of urokinase activity, one having a molecular weight of 22,000 and the other around 200,000. Nephrotic urine contained three peaks of activity with MW’s 126,000, 60,000 and 30,000. Plasma activator determined from euglobulin precipitate had a MW. in excess of 200,000. The results indicate that in the normal animal, plasma plasminogen activator does not escape into the urine in substantial quantities but under the conditions of extreme proteinuria there may be some loss through the kidney. The alteration in urokinase output in nephrotic animals indicates a greatly disordered renal fibrinolytic enzyme system.

The findings of this study largely support the hypothesis that plasma plasminogen activator of renal origin and urinary plasminogen activator (urokinase) are different molecular species.
Fibrinolytic Activation of Plasma by Means of Urokinase in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Nanninga L. B , Guest M. M
Published: June 2018

The activation of plasma by urokinase was studied in vitro by measuring the levels of fibrinogen, the anticoagulant split product of fibrinogen and the level of profibrinolysin. It is concluded that normal plasma contains about one CTA unit of plasmakinase, expressed in urokinase equivalents. The level of free fibrinolysin after complete activation of profibrinolysin was estimated to be approximately one-tenth of the initial profibrinolysin concentration. The split product of fibrinogen is present as an intermediate in a consecutive reaction in amounts dependent on the concentration of the activator present.
Persistence of Fibrinolytic Activity in Fragments of Human Veins Cultured in Vitro
Authors: Pandolfi M
Published: June 2018

Explants from 5 adult human veins were cultured in a fibrinolytically inactive medium for 3 weeks and assayed for the presence of plasminogen activator by the fibrin slide technique. The explants from 3 veins showed fibrinolytic activity confined to their vasa vasorum for the whole duration of the culture; no decrease of activity was seen. The finding suggests that small blood vessels are able to synthesize plasminogen activator.
Acidosis Induced Disseminated Intravascular Microthrombosis and its Dissolution by Streptokinase
Authors: Broersma R. J , Bullemer G. D , Mammen E. F
Published: June 2018

To elucidate the mechanisms triggering disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in shock, acidosis was produced in dogs by intravenous infusions of lactic acid over a period of 4 h. As the pH of the blood dropped, the blood pressure increased and the heart rate fell. The platelet counts dropped and whole blood clotting times shortened. The partial thromboplastin times and prothrombin times decreased as did the r-times and maximal amplitudes of the thrombelastograms. Simultaneously, the levels of prothrombin, fibrinogen, factors V and VIII decreased with time in acidosis. There was no evidence of a systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system. The euglobulin lysis times increased as did the thrombin times and there was no lysis observed in the thrombelastograms.

Thrombi in the lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys, together with the coagulation changes indicated that the infusion of acid produced DIC, with the changes being similar to those produced in shock. The glomeruli were especially affected and the pictures were identical to those described in kidneys of animals having experienced a generalized Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon.

A pH value of 7.20 or lower appeared to be a potent trigger of intravascular coagulation. The lower the pH, the more thrombi were found in the tissues. The consumption of clotting factors and thrombus formation thus corresponded to the degree of acidosis.

A generalized fibrinolytic state was induced using Streptokinase, after a 4 h period of acidosis and 1 h of compensation with sodium bicarbonate. Streptokinase was infused along with human euglobulin fractions on the basis of the streptokinase tolerance test of each dog’s blood and plasma. Thrombolysis was maintained for 3-4 h and this was reflected in the reduction of fibrin deposits in the tissues. Of 100 glomeruli counted/dog’s kidney, the average containing fibrin was 44 ± 11% after acidosis and 0.4 ± 0.3% after thrombolysis.
Some Properties of an Antiplasmin Substance from Rabbit Platelets
Authors: Wakabayashi K , Fujikawa K , Abe T
Published: June 2018

Rabbit platelets contained a proteinase inhibitor which inhibited plasmin, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, and serum kallikrein to some extent. It did not inhibit pancreatic kallikrein and thrombin. It reacted stoechiometrically with these enzymes in a prompt fashion and was found to have a molecular weight of about 40,000.
Severe Congenital Factor X Deficiency in 5-Month-Old Child
Authors: Girolami A , Molaro G , Calligaris A , De Luca G
Published: June 2018

A case of severe congenital factor X deficiency is presented. The patient was a 5 month old child who had several episodes of melena since the first weeks of life. Other bleeding manifestations were subcutaneous hematomas and a massive brain hemorrhage. The prothrombin time was severely prolonged and was corrected by normal serum, aged normal plasma and by the plasma of patients with parahemophilia, congenital hypoprothrombinemia and factor VII deficiency. On the contrary adsorbed normal plasma and Mr. Stuart’s plasma failed to correct the abnormality.

The partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin consumption and the thromboplastin generation test were abnormal too. The T.G.T. was corrected by the substitution of the patient’s serum with normal serum. The factor X level was less then 0.1% of normal. All other clotting factors were within normal limits.

Both parents of the “propositus” showed slightly decreased levels of factor X in their plasmas and were considered to be heterozygotes for the defect.
Characteristics of Platelet Factor 3 Release during ADP-Induced Aggregation
Authors: Sixma J. J , Nijessen J. G
Published: June 2018

Comparison of serotonin release with PF 3 release during ADP-induced aggregation revealed that the two release reactions are entirely different processes. Serotonin release was found to occur at temperature above 33° C; the optimal temperature was 43° C and maximum release occurred 3 min after addition of ADP. PF 3 release was slow and linear with time occurring both at 37° C and 20° C but it was more prolonged at 20° C. Serotonin release as well as PF 3 release were neglibible in reversible aggregation. The influence of surface contact and stirring speed indicated the significance of mechanical trauma in PF 3 release. In the discussion, mention is made of the possibility that the peripheral balloon-shaped platelet protrusions are subject to membrane changes and thus lead to PF 3 release.
Rapid Detection of Fibrinopeptides by Bidimensional Paper Electrophoresis
Authors: Stocker K , Straub P. W , Eckert B
Published: June 2018

A simplified method for the rapid identification of the fibrinopeptides in small amounts of supernatants of fibrin clots is described.

Using this method, we confirmed the earlier observation that Reptilase-R, a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of Bothrops atrox, exclusively liberates fibrinopeptides A and AP. It was further demonstrated that fibrinopeptide B can be rapidly isolated from small amounts of fibrinogen or even of plasma by thrombin action on washed Reptilase clots.
Human Blood Serum Rich in Factor V
Authors: Honorato R
Published: June 2018

1. A technique to obtain human serum rich in factor V is described.

2. Calcium increases the stability of factor V in the serum.
Présence d’un Antigène Plasmatique Indispensable à la Stabilisation de la Fibrine dans Deux Cas de Déficit Congénital en Facteur XIII
Authors: Soria J , Soria C , Samama M , Josso F
Published: June 2018

L’étude d’un immun sérum anti-facteur XIII montre que celui-ci est bien capable de neutraliser l’activité stabilisante de la fibrine du plasma.

Le plasma de deux sujets ayant un déficit en facteur XIII a été étudié au moyen de cet anti-sérum par différentes méthodes: immuno-électrophorèse, inhibition de l’hémagglutination passive, neutralisation de l’inhibition par l’immunsérum de l’activité biologique du facteur XIII.

Dans le plasma de ces deux patients, l’antigène spécifique de l’immunsérum étudié a été retrouvé à un taux normal.

Ces résultats sont compatibles avec deux hypothèses: ou bien il s’agit chez ces patients, non pas d’un déficit quantitatif mais d’une anomalie structurale du facteur XIII le privant de son activité biologique ; ou bien un deuxième facteur protéique est nécessaire à la stabilisation de la fibrine, facteur qui serait absent chez nos deux malades.
A Comparative Study of Platelet Aggregation in Man and Laboratory Animals
Authors: Macmillan D. C , SIM A. K
Published: June 2018

When some human platelets were aggregated in vitro by exogenous adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adrenaline they released their own ADP. As ADP is the final stimulator of most aggregation, this ability to produce its own release gave a self- propagating secondary aggregation (SA) which could be marked in certain individuals and diseased states. In a survey of several animals, this ability to produce self- propagating aggregation was also found in a marked form in cats (which can form systemic platelet thrombo-emboli) and to a less extent in baboons and some dogs. This property of the platelets of humans and cats could be an important factor in their ability to form platelet thrombi more easily than other mammals. Thus, SA and its inhibition by drugs may be of considerable importance in the management of thromboembolic disease and a study of such agents carried out in these animals may be reasonably regarded as a relevant and useful preliminary to clinical trials in man.
Enhancement of ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation by Exercise Test in Coronary Patients and Its Prevention by Pyridinolcarbamate
Authors: Yamazaki H , Kobayashi I , Shimamoto T
Published: June 2018

ADP-induced platelet aggregation in citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) was examined using a photoelectric system. To exclude a variation in intensities of platelet aggregation in repeated measurements and to compare intensities of different samples, the maximum deflection of the optical density of CPRP induced by adding ADP solution was divided by a deflection of the optical density of the platelet free plasma and its value, shown as a percentage, was defined as an intensity of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. In this method, the linearity was found in the dose response curve of the platelet aggregation induced by 10−6, 3 × 10−6 and 10−5 molar of ADP with statistical significance. These variation coefficients were less than 5% in the responses induced by the higher doses of ADP. Changes in the ADP-induced platelet aggregation after a Master’s two step test were examined in 13 patients with angina pectoris 3 h after oral administration of placebo or 1 g of pyridinolcarbamate. Under placebo pretreatment, an enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed 1 min after the exercise test with statistical significance (P < 0.01 ∼ 0.05). In the cases of the same subjects pretreated with pyridinolcarbamate, such change was not observed at any time. Using a parallel line assay, an inhibitory effect of pyridinolcarbamate against enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation after the exercise was also recognized with statistical significance (P < 0.01). In the 10 healthy volunteers, there was no statistically significant enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation using any concentration of ADP 1 to 10 min after the exercise test.
Adhesive Platelet Count and Blood Coagulability in Myocardial Infarction and Cerebral Thrombosis
Authors: Yamazaki H , Odakura T , Takeuchi K , Sano T
Published: June 2018

In 382 patients, aged 21 to 76 years, including 39 healthy volunteers, a platelet count by Olef’s method, an adhesive platelet count by Moolten-Vroman’s method, prothrombin activity due to one-stage prothrombin time and calcium clotting time were measured. In 39 cases of myocardial infarction and 40 cases of cerebral thrombosis, both in acute stage, a marked decrease in the adhesive platelet count and adhesive index and an increase of prothrombin activity were observed with statistical significance compared to the healthy group (P < 0.01). In the recovery stage of myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and other diseases, except for malignant tumors, acute infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus and blood or liver diseases, the above observations were absent or reduced. In the case of thrombosis, a negative correlation was seen between the adhesive platelet count and prothrombin activity (r — —0.238, P < 0.01). There is no correlation between the changes in platelet adhesiveness or blood coagulability and total cholesterol level in serum.
Immunological Identification of Two Urokinases
Authors: Ball Anne P , Day E. D
Published: June 2018

The two urokinase preparations currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States [Abbott urokinase (UK-A) and Sterling-Winthrop urokinase (UK-SW)] were compared immunologically using an antiserum prepared against UK-SW. Based on a previously described designation system, 2 components (III and IV) were found to be common to both preparations while the other two (I and II) detected by the antiserum were found only in UK-SW.

In order to relate functional activity to the immunological reactions seen in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, inhibition titrations were carried out with simultaneous qualitative testing of the antigen-antibody mixtures. Two inflection points on the inhibition curve were correlated with the appearance of components III and IV in antigen excess or at equivalence. In the case of one globulin preparation (710) no plateau effect was observed, and components III and IV appeared in antigen excess at the same time.

The results of these studies indicate that 2 active components are present in both UK-A and UK-SW. These two are the components designated III and IV and are common to both preparations. The difference in equivalence points for these two components and those for inactive I and II make it possible to precipitate I and II completely while III and IV are in antigen excess, thus providing a reagent for identifying urokinase of either III- or IV- specificity in other samples.
The Fibrinolytic Activity in Tissues during the Peripheral Venous Occlusion in Rat
Authors: Szczepański M , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: June 2018

The fibrinolytic activity was studied by Todd’s histochemical method in the femoral vessels and in surrounding tissues of rat in 6 different periods of time after the ligation of femoral vein. It was found that this activity began to diminish after 4 h venous ligation in the limb with occluded vein as well as in the limb with control patent vein. In almost all specimens that revealed the fibrinolytic activity, this activity was related to the loose, connective tissue mostly in the vicinity of femoral vessels. In some sections the fibrinolytic activity was visible, also, in relation to the small and moderate size arteries and to the nerves.
Untersuchungen über den Mechanismus der Erythrozytenaggregation
Authors: Voigtmann R , Uhlenbruck G
Published: June 2018

Die polybasische Substanz Polybren aggregiert normale menschliche und pronasierte Rindererythrozyten. Nach Behandlung mit Neuraminidase, wobei die Neuraminsäure als wesentlicher Baustein und Ladungsträger der Membran abgetrennt wird, bleibt dieses Phänomen aus. Die Abnahme des Polybrentiters ist abhängig von der verwandten Enzymkonzentration. An normale Rindererythrozyten wird Polybren ähnlich einem inkompletten Antikörper absorbiert, führt aber nicht zur Aggregation. Nach Neuraminidasebehandlung läßt sich diese Absorption nicht mehr nachweisen. Damit stellt die Neuraminsäure den Reaktionspartner bzw. Rezeptor für Polybren dar. Die ausbleibende Aggregation normaler Rinderblutkörperchen durch Polybren ist durch den Membranaufbau bedingt. Durch saure Polymere werden polybren beladene Rindererythrozyten aggregiert. Die Polybrenaggregation ist durch CaCl2 konzentrationsabhängig hemmbar. Außerdem werden Erythrozyten, anstatt in 0,9% NaCl-Lösung in isotoner CaCl2-Lösung suspendiert, durch verschiedene saure Polymere wie Dextransulfat aggregiert.
Isolation and Purification of Antiplasmins from Human Granulocytes
Authors: Wołosowicz N , Prokopowicz J
Published: June 2018

Two antiplasmins were found in human granulocytes. Chromatography on Sephadex G-200 showed 3 peaks with antiplasmin activity. One immediately acting antiplasmin and 2 progressively acting antiplasmin (I and II) have been identified. The immediate antiplasmin was purified 92-fold, the progressive antiplasmin 1129-fold and progressive antiplasmin II 185-fold. Disc electrophoresis showed homogeneity of the fractions. They were found to migrate with the alpha-2 globulin fraction. The physiological function of the antiplasmins is briefly discussed.
Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Kobalt(II)-Verbindungen auf die Blutgerinnung bei verschiedenen Tierspezies
Authors: Fiedler H , Taube Chr
Published: June 2018

Nach parenteraler Verabreichung von Kobalt(II)-Verbindungen kommt es bei Kaninchen, Ratten, Meerschweinchen und Katzen, jedoch nicht bei Hunden und Schafen, zu einer Störung der Blutgerinnung, die auf einer Konformationsänderung des Fibrinogens beruht. Durch mehrstündige Inkubation der Plasmen der reaktionsfähigen Tierspezies mit Kobalt(II) ist derselbe Effekt zu erzielen. Keinerlei Gerinnungsstörung ist bei den In-vitro - Versuchen in den Plasmen von Pferd, Rind, Schwein, Hund, Schaf, Huhn und Taube zu beobachten, während in menschlichem Plasma bei Inkubation mit Kobalt(II) die spezifische Gerinnungsstörung eintritt. Es ist eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der Inkubationstemperatur und der Kobalt(II)-Konzentration vorhanden. In reinen Fibrinogenlösungen unterbleibt die Reaktion mit Kobalt(II). Präparierte Fibrinogene verschiedener Tierspezies treten mit Kobalt(II) nur dann in Wechselwirkung, wenn im Reaktionsgemisch gleichzeitig defibriniertes Plasma von Tieren, die nach Kobaltgabe einen Gerinnungsdefekt zeigen, vorhanden ist.
The Estimation of Blood Platelet Survival II. The Multiple Hit Model
Authors: Murphy E. A , Francis M. E
Published: June 2018

It this paper are developed 4 models for estimation of blood platelet survival. They are put forward not as completely realistic but as at least first order approximations which should at once provide a systematic basis for estimation of mean platelet survival and the standard error of the estimate ; they will at the same time circumvent the subjective element in analysing the data with the attendant biases, and also provide a unifying theory for the several different models which the various investigators have more or less explicitly used in the past. The models may perhaps be thought of as smoothing functions to iron out the high experimental error inherent in the study of platelet survival.

An attempt has been made to construct the model on the basis of present knowledge of the economy of the platelet and the factors influencing its survival. Doubtless further knowledge in these fields will call for modification of the details. Nevertheless it is evident that with these relatively simple models it is possible to generate quite a wide range of patterns which appear to conform well to those found by those working on this subject.
Réactions Plaquettaires et Processus Immunitaires
Authors: Jobin F , Sirois M
Published: June 2018

Nous avons étudié de quelle façon les substrats et inhiteurs de la chymotrypsine inhibent l’agrégation plaquettaire induite par le collagène. Nous avons trouvé que ces substances inhibent la libération d’ADP plaquettaire provoquée par le collagène.

Cette observation, ajoutée à plusieurs autres, indique que les processus plaquettaires et mastocytaires de libération de substances intracellulaires ont plusieurs caractéristiques biologiques communes.

Le rôle possible d’une estérase plaquettaire chymotrypsinoide dans les réactions de la thrombogénèse est discuté.
Effect of i. v. and Oral Administration of Heparinoids G31150, G31150-A and of Nitrilotriacetic Acid on Blood Coagulation
Authors: Jarrett C. L , Jaques L. B
Published: June 2018

The heparinoid G31150-A and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) were compared with heparinoid G31150 and heparin. In vitro the anticoagulant activity of NTA was 1/20000, G31150-A 1/8th and G31150, 1/10th of heparin. On intravenous injection in dogs, the degree and duration of hypocoagulability was about the same for the two heparinoids but less than predicted from the effects in vitro. Injection of 25 mg NTA/kg caused a slight increase in coagulation time lasting over 4 hours. When heparinoid G31150-A and NTA were given orally, there was an increase in clotting time of blood and metachromatic activity appeared in the urine. The greatest amount of activity was excreted with the highest dose of NTA alone. Microelectrophoresis of the urinary concentrate indicated the excreted material after NTA was not heparin, but another mucopolysaccharide; after G31150, a heparinoid. These results were confirmed by the resulting absorption spectrum of the dye obtained with added urinary concentrate. It is suggested that the effects produced when a chelating agent is given with oral heparin and heparinoids may be due to the release of a mucopolysaccharide.
Density Gradient Centrifugation and Electron Microscopic Characterization of Subcellular Fractions from Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Siegel A , Burri P. H , Weibel E. R , Bettex-Galland M , Lüscher E. F
Published: June 2018

Homogenized human blood platelets have been fractionated by centrifugation in Ficoll and sucrose density gradients. The different fractions were examined by electron microscopy.

Although Ficoll allows for the separation of very distinct zones, its ability to form complexes with cellular components made sucrose the preferable gradient. Sucrose, in spite of its unfavorable osmotic effect, allows for an acceptable fractionation of platelet components.
Effect of Aspirin in Vivo and in Vitro on Plasma Cofactors of Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Okonkwo P , Sise H. S
Published: June 2018

It was found that suspension of normal washed platelets in a media which had been incubated with aspirin, or was derived from subjects taking aspirin, resulted in decreased platelet aggregation with ADP. The media consisted of either normal platelet poor plasma, fraction I-0 or heated plasma. When the latter two media were used, both the heated plasma and fraction I-0 were modified by pre-treatment of the donor subjects with aspirin or incubation of each fraction with aspirin, and this modification was a time-dependent reaction taking 5 to 10 min to take place. Furthermore, washed platelets exposed to aspirin and then washed and resuspended showed a decreased response to ADP. This was also a time-dependent reaction. It is concluded that aspirin affects not only the platelet but also the cofactors of ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
Additional Evidence for the Existence of a Precursor Molecule of the Prothrombin Complex in Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Veltkamp J. J , Muis H , Muller A. D , Hemker H. C , Loeliger E. A
Published: June 2018

By means of the PTC-inhibitor neutralizing test (12) a significant excess of PTC (factor IX)-like material over factor IX activity could be demonstrated in human coumarin plasma. This cross-reacting material is considered to be a precursor of one or all of the clotting factors of the prothrombin complex.
Metabolic Formation of a Prothrombin Derivative
Authors: Ouyang Chaoho , Seegers Walter H. , McCoy Lowell E. , Müller-Berghaus G
Published: June 2018

The administration of coumadin to dogs on consecutive days was followed by the simultaneous decrease in prothrombin and autoprothrombin III (F-X) concentration. The decline lasted 4 days. Prethrombin concentration increased. Purified prothrombin complex was infused, while the anticoagulant was still blocking synthesis. This restored the original concentration of prothrombin and autoprothrombin III. Each one of these disappeared in one day while prethrombin concentration temporarily increased and then also declined. Infused prethrombin was cleared in less than 1 day. Human prothrombin complex was also infused intravenously with the same results. Similar results were found with the use of rabbits. A derivative of prothrombin, which is not detected with the two-stage analytical reagents, is normally in plasma and is derived from the prothrombin in the plasma which is responsive to the two-stage analytical reagents. After inhibiting the synthesis of prothrombin and autoprothrombin III, these disappeared far more slowly from plasma than the purified prothrombin and autoprothrombin III which was infused.
Quantitative Determination of Platelet Factor 3 Activity
Authors: Polasek J , Duckert F
Published: June 2018

A method for the quantitative determination of platelet factor 3 (PF 3) is described. It is based on the prothrombin consumption and allows the determination of the total PF 3, of the PF 3 made available under various conditions and of PF 3 like activity.

The material to be tested is recalcified in the presence of a normal PPP pool to maintain the intrinsic clotting factors in the optimal concentration range. After an appropriate incubation the coagulation is stopped by a citrate solution and the clot removed. The residual prothrombin activity in citrated serum is indirectly proportional to the PF 3 activity. This activity can be expressed in per cents by means of a reference curve which can be established with Cephaloplastin (Dade) dilutions. The 100% value is given by the total average PF 3 activity when the platelet count in PRP is adjusted to 100,000 platelets/mm3. An appropriate correction is needed when the prothrombin concentration is too low in the tested PRP.

In 50 healthy blood donors the PF 3 activity ranged between 70-130% with quite small day to day variations.
A Method to Study Inhibitors of Plasminogen Activation
Authors: Bruhn H. D
Published: June 2018

A method to study inhibitors of plasminogen activation is described. It is mainly thought to be a one-stage plasminogenolytic method. The same type of inhibition is found in this one-stage assay system and in a two-stage caseinolytic assay system when epsilon aminocaproic acid and salicylic acid derivatives are investigated in parallel in both assay systems. Epsilon aminocaproic acid and salicylic acid derivatives inhibit the activation of plasminogen by urokinase in a competitive way. Alpha2-macroglobulin and antithrombin III did not inhibit the activation of plasminogen by urokinase.
I Was a Percussionist in a Fanfare Band
Authors: Taekema Riek
Published: June 2018

This patient is suffering from headaches early in the morning, it forces him to get up and he can't enjoy being retired and sleep his fill. He is very negative about people and the world. He likes to talk to people but in the meantime keeps them at distance. This case helps us understand the mind of a Nitricum acidum patient.
An Artificial Life
Authors: van Helmond Wiet
Published: June 2018

A birds-eye perspective view on the health effects of artificial living as it is presently in many western countries and in this case specifically the Netherlands.
Improving the Preparation and Prescription of a Homeopathic Remedy
Authors: Dicke Martin
Published: June 2018

In this short article, a simple test is suggested for the control and standardisation of the dynamisation process in homeopathy. Furthermore, the habit of direct administration of homeopathic remedies is mentioned and a more professional way of prescribing is shown.
The Human Experience of Mother Earth: Homeopathic Proving of Clay from Sedona, Arizona
Authors: van der Zee Harry , Shukla Chetna
Published: June 2018

In 2005 a project was started called ‘Global Proving’. Provers from around the world would simultaneously start proving the same substance. The project ultimately involved three substances, Himalayan Crystal Salt, Natural Silver and Arizona Clay, proven in, respectively, October 2005, January 2006 and April 2006. The idea of using a proving not only to get to know the substance but also and primarily to bring about a change in the collective is new in homeopathy and this global proving was a first experiment. Analogous to Hahnemann's stating that participating in provings has positive effects for the prover, we may assume that the participation of larger numbers of people in a proving may have positive effects on the collective. The results of the third substance, Terra Indiana, are discussed in this article.
Effect of Weather and Climate on Animals
Authors: Ellinger Liesbeth
Published: June 2018

Liesbeth Ellinger is a veterinarian working together with three physicians in Centaurea. This homeopathic center for humans and animals is situated in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. Liesbeth is an experienced teacher in veterinary homeopathy and is also active in research into the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment and prophylaxis for animals. In this article, she shares animal cases.
Comparison of Transthoracic Device Closure and Surgical Repair with Right Submammary or Right Infra-axillary Thoracotomy for Perimembranous VSD
Authors: Lin Ze-Wei , Hong Zhi-Nuan , Cao Hua , Zhang Gui-Can , Chen Liang-Wan , Yu Ling-Li , Zhang Qi-Liang , Chen Qiang
Published: June 2018

Background Transthoracic device closure (TTDC) and surgical repair with right infra-axillary thoracotomy (SRRIAT) or with right submammary thoracotomy (SRSMT) are all the primary alternative treatments for restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD). However, few studies have compared them in terms of effectiveness and complications.

Methods Patients with restrictive pmVSD undergoing TTDC, or SRRIAT, or SRSMT from March 2016 to February 2017 were retrospectively reviewed in our cardiac center. There were no differences in age (1.3 ± 1.2 vs 1.1 ± 1.1 vs 1.2 ± 1.1 years), gender (35/37 vs 30/33 vs 29/29), body weight (8.3 ± 2.6 vs 8.2 ± 2.4 vs 8.1 ± 2.5 kg), and size of VSD (4.2 ± 1.1 vs 5.2 ± 1.3 vs 5.1 ± 1.2 mm) distribution between the three groups.

Results The procedure success rates were similar in the three groups. The TTDC group had the shortest operative time, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, duration of intensive care, postoperative length of hospital stay, medical cost, and length of the incision. There were no significant differences in terms of operative time, aortic cross-clamping time, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), blood transfusion volume, mechanical ventilation time, duration of intensive care, duration of hospital stays, pleural fluid drainage, or cost between the SRSMT and SRRIAT groups. No significant differences were noted in terms of major adverse events.

Conclusions TTDC, SRRIAT, and SRSMT all showed excellent outcomes and cosmetic appearances for selected VSD patients. TTDC had advantages over SRRIAT and SRSMT in terms of short operation duration and smaller incision size and shorter durations of intensive care and hospital stays.
Comparison of Scientific Publications from Three Different Clinical Disciplines of German Universities
Authors: Schwarzer Michael , Alscher Leonhard , Doenst Torsten
Published: June 2018

Background Scientific publications are important for the advancement in medicine. Surgical disciplines including cardiac surgery are frequently considered not scientifically leading. However, a specific comparison between surgical and nonsurgical disciplines has not yet been performed. We thus compared scientific output of German departments of cardiac surgery with nonsurgical cardiology departments and surgical departments not addressing the heart (general surgery) of 34 universities in Germany.

Methods For each university, the personnel working at the different departments were identified on the internet homepage in 2014. We searched for publications of these persons in 2011 to 2013 on PubMed, identified author position, coauthors, and type of article, as well as journal impact factor (JIF).

Results There were 931 academic persons in cardiac surgery, 1,486 in general surgery, and 1,814 in cardiology with 12,096 publications related to these persons on PubMed. Cardiology published most manuscripts, including manuscripts from research conducted (first author), initiated (senior author), or both. Cardiac surgery had the least publications and had fewer authors from other departments or institutions. The average JIF was higher in cardiology compared with the two surgical disciplines. However, relating the number of publications to the number of employees in the departments, the differences were no longer apparent.

Conclusion We conclude that the number of publications in German universities appears to be a function of the number of academic personnel and not of the discipline. The lower JIFs in surgery may be due to the smaller surgical fields and/or due to less high impact interdisciplinary/interinstitutional publications in surgery.
Temporal Evolution and Management of Fast Flow Vascular Anomalies in PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome
Authors: Yoo Raphael , Chau Alex , Ashton Daniel , Margolin Judith , Iacobas Ionela , Pimpalwar Sheena
Published: June 2018

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is characterized by formation of recurrent benign tumors described as PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue that may contain fast flow vascular anomalies (FFVA). The purpose of this study is to review the temporal evolution and management of FFVA in PHTS. A retrospective review of 22 patients (9 males), age 1 to 18 (median 9) years diagnosed with PHTS at a tertiary care pediatric hospital between October 2002 and August 2017 revealed 4 patients with FFVA. Imaging, management, and treatment complications were reviewed. During median follow-up of 8 (range: 4–13) years, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging performed for recurrent pain, showed progressive increase in the size of hamartomas and development of new FFVA in three-fourth patients. Medical management included pain medications, oral sirolimus, and physical and psychiatric therapy. Surgical excision of hamartoma (n = 1) resulted in recurrence within 3 months. Between 4 and 24 (average 1.5/year) embolizations were performed per patient. Pain related to FFVA responded well to embolization. Pain secondary to PTEN hamartoma responded poorly to percutaneous sclerosant injection, but demonstrated improvement with sirolimus. There was no correlation between serum sirolimus levels and frequency/timing of recurrence of FFVA/hamartoma. Complications included sclerosant migration into digital arteries (n = 1), subclavian vein stenosis due to glue migration (n = 1), oral mucositis (n = 4), and elevated triglycerides (n = 4). Patients with PHTS present with recurrent pain requiring life-long management with a multi-disciplinary team. Pain due to FFVA responds to embolization, and pain due to hamartoma responds to sirolimus. This improves quality of life, but does not prevent disease progression.
Intraoperative Mapping of the Subfascial Plexus Using the Transillumination Method for Head and Neck Reconstruction with Free Style Anterolateral Thigh Flaps
Authors: Huang Jen-Wu , Huang Chih-Sheng , Wu Szu-Hsien , Shih Yu-Chung , Lin Yi-Ying , Perng Cherng-Kang
Published: June 2018

Without well recognizing the vascular territories of the perforator, surgery might damage the pedicle and diminish flap survival. This study described a transillumination method for intraoperative mapping of the subfascial plexus of the perforator in the head and neck reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap and also compared the perioperative outcomes and complications of the method with those of the conventional two-pedicle ALT flap. Between January 2011 and December 2017, 26 patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction with ALT flaps were evaluated as follows: 13 underwent the transillumination method (case group), and 13 (age- and sex-matched) underwent standard two-pedicle flap procedures (control group). Demographic factors, diagnosis, flap size, recipient site, perioperative data, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. There was no significant difference in age, sex, diagnosis, recipient sites, and flap size between the case and control groups. Regarding the perioperative outcomes, the harvesting time was significantly shorter in the case group than in the control group (60 vs. 100 minutes, p < 0.001). The operative time was shorter in the case group than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (300 vs. 420 minutes, p = 0.058). The transillumination method can allow plastic surgeons to easily identify the perforator vascular plexus of the ALT flap, which facilitates intraoperative flap design in head and neck reconstruction.
Magnetic field control of charge excitations in CoFe2O4
Authors: Holinsworth Brian S. , Harms Nathan C. , Fan Shiyu , Mazumdar Dipanjan , Gupta Arun , McGill Stephen A. , Musfeldt Janice L.
Published: June 2018

We combine magnetic circular dichroism and photoconductivity with prior optical absorption and first principles calculations to unravel spin-charge interactions in the high Curie temperature magnet CoFe2O4. In addition to revising the bandgap hierarchy, we reveal a broad set of charge transfer excitations in the spin down channel which are sensitive to the metamagnetic transition involving the spin state on Co centers. We also show photoconductivity that depends on an applied magnetic field. These findings open the door for the creation and control of spin-polarized electronic excitations from the minority channel charge transfer in spinel ferrites and other earth-abundant materials.
Reduced thermal conductivity of Si/Ge random layer nanowires: A comparative study against superlattice counterparts
Authors: Samaraweera Nalaka , Larkin Jason M. , Chan Kin L. , Mithraratne Kumar
Published: June 2018

Si/Ge nanowires are considered to be promising candidates as efficient thermoelectric materials due to their remarkable thermal insulating performance over bulk counterparts. In this study, thermal insulating performance of Si/Ge nanowires of randomly organized layer thickness, called random layer nanowires (RLNWs), is systematically investigated and compared against superlattice nanowires (SLNWs).The thermal conductivity (TC) of these structures is evaluated via non-equilibrium molecular dynamic simulations, and more informative insight is gained by normal mode decomposition and lattice dynamics calculations. It is demonstrated that the modes in random layer structures, in general, exhibit similar characteristics except the degree of localization to the corresponding superlattice counterparts by comparing the mode spectral energy densities, relaxation times, density of states, and participation ratios. For all physical and geometrical conditions investigated here, RLNWs show improved thermal insulating performance over corresponding SLNWs. More importantly, a RLNW of low mean layer thickness attains even lower TC than the corresponding Si/Ge alloy nanowire indicating the effectiveness of the random layer arrangements. An anomalous trend in TC of RLNWs (larger than the bulk counterpart) is observed at higher cross-sectional widths, and it is explained as a competing effect of phonon localization and wall scattering. Moreover, it is illustrated that the effectiveness of thermal insulating performance of RLNW depends on the fraction of coherent phonons that exist and how effectively those phonons are subject to localization under different cases.
Influence of ternary hydroalcoholic solvent on direct exfoliation concentration of graphite
Authors: Liang Ko-Yuan , Yang Wein-Duo
Published: June 2018

The direct exfoliation of graphite to form graphene was investigated in a ternary solvent system consisting of ethylene glycol, isopropanol, and water in various volume ratios. We found that a previously reported fractional cohesion parameters map was applicable to estimating the graphene concentration obtained using the ternary solvent system. Almost all of the solvent composition that afforded medium or high graphene dispersion concentrations were found to lie within the limiting boundary region, and the solvent composition that led to high graphene dispersion concentrations were located at the center of this region. Furthermore, the thermodynamics of the exfoliation process were examined in an effort to use the free energy to explain the influence of the initial graphite concentration and exfoliation temperature on the obtained graphene concentration and yield. The results revealed that the graphene yield first increased with increasing initial graphite concentration and reached a maximum at an initial graphite concentration of approximately 14.5 mg/mL, beyond which the graphene yield decreased with increasing initial graphite concentration. The graphene concentration and yield also increased with decreasing temperature, and maximum values of the graphene concentration (72.9 μg/mL) and yield (4.99 μg/mg) were obtained at 10 °C. The fractional cohesion parameters map therefore provides additional method when selecting ternary solvents for the preparation of graphene dispersions, allowing improved graphene concentrations and yields to be obtained using lower temperatures and the appropriate initial graphite concentrations.