bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Deposition Temperature on the Photoluminescence from Thin Film ZnS:Mn.
Authors: THOMAS C. B. , SANDS D. , BRUNSON K. M. , REEHAL H. S.
Published: May 2016

Thin films of ZnS containing 0‐1% Mn are prepared by radio frequency sputtering at various substrate temp. (323‐623 K) and their photoluminescence spectra are recorded at 77 K. Doped films grown at 463 K exhibit bright yellow luminescence from the Mn2+ ion with minimal annealing, whereas films deposited at 503 K require substantial annealing before the yellow emission is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Photophysics of Ceramic Luminophores. Zeolite‐Based Luminophores of the Types Zn2SiO4:Mn and (CdO)2B2O3:Mn.
Authors: HESSE K. , GLIEMANN G. , KISS A. , KLEINSCHMIT P. , VOELKER W. +
Published: May 2016

The title luminophores are prepared from the zeolites by adding the corresponding amount of MnCl2·2 H2O in aqueous solution, drying, and admixing of ZnO(CdO), and silicic (boric) acid, followed by heating to 1060 °C (760 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Humidity‐Sensitive Characteristics of La3+‐Doped and Undoped SrSnO3
Authors: SHIMIZU Y. , SHIMABUKURO M. , ARAI H. , SEIYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

are studied at 400 °C as a function of vapor pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Characteristics of Layer Structured β‐ZrNCl in Lithium Cells.
Authors: OHASHI M. , SHIGETA T. , YAMANAKA S. , HATTORI M.
Published: May 2016

Due to its very low rechargeable capacity β‐ZrNCl is not a suitable material for the application as cathode in secondary lithium batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Raman Spectroscopy Applied to the Study of the Deposition and Passivation of Zinc in Alkaline Electrolytes.
Authors: HUGOT‐LE GOFF A. , JOIRET S. , SAIDANI B. , WIART R.
Published: May 2016

In the entire potential range investigated (from low cathodic overpotentials to the region of anodic passivation) ZnO is found to be the main constituent of passive or blocking layers on Zn in conc.
ChemInform Abstract: A Steady‐State Isotopic Transient‐Kinetic Analysis of Iron‐Catalyzed Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: NWALOR J. U. , GOODWIN J. G. JUN. , BILOEN P.
Published: May 2016

conducted over a commercial Fe catalyst yields the first direct measurements of coverages in reactive intermediates of the working catalyst surface and assessments of the reaction mechanism and surface heterogeneity at steady‐state reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur Compounds. Part 126. The Molecular Nature of the Hydrophilic Sulfur Prepared from Aqueous Sulfide and Sulfite (Selmi Sulfur Sol).
Authors: STEUDEL R. , GOEBEL T. + , HOLDT G.
Published: May 2016

Colloidal solutions of polysulfur compounds including elemental sulfur (Sn, n = 6‐10) and polythionates (SmO62‐, m = 4‐16), known as Selmi sulfur sols, are prepared from Na2S, Na2SO3, and H2SO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Correlation Between Conformational Parameters and Deformation Energies in syn‐1,6:8,13‐Diimino(14)annulenes (I) with Connected Bridges.
Authors: DESTRO R. , MERATI F. , ORTOLEVA E. , PILATI T.
Published: May 2016

Isodesmic alkyl separation enthalpies are calculated by MINDO/3 for all (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Structures and Torsional Potentials in 1,1,2,3‐Tetrahalogen (F, Cl, Br) Propanes.
Authors: STOLEVIK R. , BAKKEN P.
Published: May 2016

It is shown that the gas phase composition of the bromide (Ic) is a relatively simple mixture of three conformers, while for the two remaining compounds complex mixtures of four (cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of cis‐1,2‐Dihydroxyindan Carbonate and cis‐1,2‐Dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene Carbonate.
Authors: WHITE R. C. , DREW P. , MOORMAN R.
Published: May 2016

Indene (I) or 1,2‐dihydronaphthalene (IV) are hydroxylated and carbonylated with carbonyldiimidazole (II) to form the cyclic carbonates (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangements on Acid‐Catalyzed Dehydration of Regioisomeric Thiol Adducts Formed from K‐Region Arene Oxides.
Authors: BALANI S. K. , SAYER J. M. , JERINA D. M.
Published: May 2016

The regioisomeric tert.‐butylthiol adducts from chrysene (I), benz(a)anthracene (V), and benzo(c)phenanthrene (VIII) are separated.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Diazoacetone, Methyl Diazoacetate, and Dimethyl Diazomalonate with 2‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐ and 2‐Cyanofuran in the Presence of Rhodium Acetate.
Authors: SALTYKOVA L. E. , VASIL'VITSKII A. E. , SHOSTAKOVSKII V. M. , NEFEDOV O. M.
Published: May 2016

Rhodium(II)‐catalyzed coupling of the furancarboxylate (I) with diazoacetone (IIa) or methyl diazoacetate (IIb) gives the oxabicyclohexenes (III) and the olefinic compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of Cholinergic Ligands Structurally Related to Muscarone.
Authors: DE AMICI M. , DE MICHELI C. , GRANA E. , RODI R. , ZONTA F. , SANTAGOSTINO‐BARBONE M. G.
Published: May 2016

Synthetic procedures which are applied to the preparation of the title compounds (VI) and (X) are also used for the preparation of the derivatives (XI) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraacetylethylene and Nitrile Oxides: Synthesis of Spirofuranisoxazoles.
Authors: ADEMBRI G. , DI TOMMASO A. , LAMPARIELLO L. R. , SCOTTON M.
Published: May 2016

The diacetylethene (I) reacts with the nitrile oxides (II) to give the isoxazolines (III) and the isoxazoles (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of 3‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐2‐benzothiazolinone and Related Compounds.
Authors: D'AMICO J. J. , BOLLINGER F. G.
Published: May 2016

The benzoxazolinones or benzothiazolinones (I) are coupled with the ω‐chloroalkanols (II) to produce the N‐hydroxyalkyl compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Oral Antifungal Activity of Novel 1,3‐Bis‐(azolyl)‐2‐arylpropan‐2‐ols.
Authors: OGATA M. , MATSUMOTO H. , SHIMIZU S. , KIDA S. , SHIRO M. , TAWARA K.
Published: May 2016

The antifungal activity of the title compounds, e.g. (VI), (VII) and (XII) (space group P21/c with Z=4), is tested in vivo and in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐ and (2R,3R)‐(‐)‐(2‐2H)Mevalonolactone.
Authors: OHTA T. , TABEI N. , NOZOE S.
Published: May 2016

The epoxide (I), synthesized from geraniol, is converted into the key intermediate (VIII) which produces the diol (IX) on ozonolysis and reduction with sodium boranate.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Diazomethylcoumarins and Related Stable Heteroaryldiazomethanes. Thermal Conversion into Condensed Pyrazoles.
Authors: ITO K. , MARUYAMA J.
Published: May 2016

The hetaryl‐substituted diazomethanes (I), (III), and (V) undergo cyclization upon heating to form the fused pyrazoles (II), (IV), and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogs of Bisantrene.
Authors: FIELDS T. L. , LIN Y. , WARREN J. D. , LANG S. A. JUN.
Published: May 2016

The heterocyclic diones (I) and (VIII) are treated with trimethylsulfonium ylid (II) generated in situ to form the bisoxiranes (III) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Rearrangements of Imidazo‐ and Triazoloazines.
Authors: EL KHADEM H. S. , KAWAI J. , SWARTZ D. L.
Published: May 2016

A series of imidazo‐ and triazolo‐fused azines is prepared from the amine (I) or the hydrazines (V), (VII), (X), and (XIV) as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nucleophilic Substitution of Methylthio Group on the 1,4‐Dihydro‐2‐methylthiopyrimidine Rings.
Authors: KASHIMA C. , SHIMIZU M. , HARADA K. , OMOTE Y.
Published: May 2016

The methylthiodihydropyrimidines (I) are treated with primary alcohols, e.g. (II), to form the corresponding alkoxy derivatives, e.g. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 6,8‐Dibromo‐2‐methyl‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones.
Authors: OSSMANN A. E. , EL‐ZAHABI M. M. , EL‐HAKIM A. E. , OSMAN A. N.
Published: May 2016

The N‐aminoquinazolinone (III), produced by reaction of the benzoxazinone (I) with hydrazine hydrate (II), is acylated with the compounds (IV) to give the corresponding acylamino derivatives (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3‐Aryloxyalkyl‐6‐aryl‐7H‐s‐triazolo(3,4‐b) (1,3,4)thiadiazines.
Authors: PRASAD A. R. , RAMALINGAM T. , RAO A. B. , DIWAN P. V. , SATTUR P. B.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc) show analgesic activity while (IIId) exhibit antiinflammatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Syntheses of 1,2‐Ethano‐o‐carborane and the Structure of 9‐Chloro‐1,2‐ethano‐o‐carborane.
Authors: L'ESPERANCE R. P. , LI Z. , VAN ENGEN D. , JONES M. JUN.
Published: May 2016

The title carborane (II) is prepared by two new routes which depend on the intramolecular displacement of a leaving group by a cage carbanion.
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis of Silicon‐Containing Olefins. Part 2. Synthesis of 1,2‐Bis‐(silyl)ethenes by Metathesis of Vinylsilanes.
Authors: MARCINIEC B. , MACIEJEWSKI H. , GULINSKI J. , RZEJAK L.
Published: May 2016

Metathesis of the vinylalkoxysilanes (I) at temperatures between 110 and 130°C in the presence of ruthenium or rhodium chlorides and a hydride donor as the cocatalyst leads to the formation of E,Z‐mixtures of the 1,2‐bis(silyl)ethenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐Silicon Compounds. Part 258. 1,2,9,10,17,18‐Hexasila(2.2.2)(1,3,5)cyclophane ‐ A Cage‐Like Cyclophane with Three Si‐Si Units.
Authors: SEKIGUCHI A. , YATABE T. , KABUTO C. , SAKURAI H.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (II) is obtained by reductive coupling of the benzene (I) with molten sodium.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(ethylenediseleno)tetrathiafulvalene: Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure.
Authors: KINI A. M. , GATES B. D. , BENO M. A. , WILLIAMS J. M.
Published: May 2016

The tetraselenolates (V), prepared from tetrathiafulvalene (I) by lithiation and selenium insertion, react with the α,ω‐dibromoalkanes (VI) to form the bis(alkylenediseleno)tetrathiafulvalenes (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Organosilicon Compounds. Part 256. Isolation and Characterization of 1,2‐Dilithio(tetrakis(trimethylsilyl))ethane. The First Crystal Structure of Nonconjugated 1,2‐Dilithioethane.
Authors: SEKIGUCHI A. , NAKANISHI T. , KABUTO C. , SAKURAI H.
Published: May 2016

Reduction of (I) with lithium metal in THF yields the extremely air and moisture sensitive title compound (IV) which immediately reverts to (I) on exposure to traces of air.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentabenzylcyclopentadienylpotassium·3 THF, an Organo‐Potassium Compound with “Pianostool” Geometry.
Authors: LORBERTH J. , SHIN S.‐H. , WOCADLO S. , MASSA W.
Published: May 2016

The title complex of the bulky cyclopentadiene derivative is prepared and investigated by X‐ray diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylcarbene Complexes of Titanocene.
Authors: BINGER P. , MUELLER P. + , BENN R. , MYNOTT R.
Published: May 2016

In a most simple way the previously unknown titanocene(vinylcarbene) complexes (III) are prepared by equimolar reaction of the bis(phosphane)titanocene (I) with the readily accessible cyclopropenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimeric (Cp2Zr(CH2O)), a Novel η2‐Formaldehyde Metal Complex from Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: ERKER G. , HOFFMANN U. , ZWETTLER R. , BETZ P. , KRUEGER C. +
Published: May 2016

The dinuclear complex (I), obtained by hydrozirconation of carbon monoxide, reacts with methyllithium (II) to the dimethylzirconocene (III) and the title product (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: σ‐Bond Metathesis Reactions of Si‐H and M‐Si Bonds. New Routes to d0 Metal Silyl Complexes.
Authors: WOO H.‐G. , TILLEY T. D.
Published: May 2016

The σ‐bond metathesis reactions of the Hf complex (I) with one equiv. prim. or sec. silanes such as (II) in the dark or in fluorescent room light give the stable silyl derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Diazastannylenes. Part 29. Synthesis and Structure of Digermaand Distannacyclobutenes.
Authors: KREBS A. , JACOBSEN‐BAUER A. , HAUPT E. , VEITH M. , HUCH V.
Published: May 2016

The addition reactions of the stabilized diaminogermylene and ‐stannylene (I) with the C‐C triple bond in (II) yield the products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Thiolate, Thioether, and Thiol Derivatives of Iron(0) Carbonyls.
Authors: LIAW W.‐F. , KIM C. , DARENSBOURG M. Y. , RHEINGOLD A. L.
Published: May 2016

The anionic thiolate complexes (III) are synthesized by two methods as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Binucleating Tetratertiary Phosphine Ligand System and the Structural Characterization of Both Meso and Racemic Diastereomers of Ni2Cl4(eLTTP) (eLTTP: (Et2PCH2CH2)(Ph)PCH2P(Ph)(CH2CH2PEt2)).
Authors: LANEMAN S. A. , FRONCZEK F. R. , STANLEY G. G.
Published: May 2016

The binucleating tetratert.
ChemInform Abstract: Monocyclic Copper and Silver Tertiary Alkanethiolates: Formation and Molecular Structures of (CuStBu)4(Ph3P)2, (AgSCMeEt2)8(Ph3P)2, and (AgStBu)14(Ph3P)4 and Structural Principles.
Authors: DANCE I. G. , FITZPATRICK L. J. , CRAIG D. C. , SCUDDER M. L.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (I), (II), and (III) are obtained by reaction of the corresponding nonmolecular metal tert. alkanethiolates with PPh3 and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis ((I): space group P21/c, Z = 8; (II): P21/c, Z=4; (III): P1, Z=1).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of the Coordinatively Unsaturated Heterobimetallic Complexes (CO)3(PPh3)Fe(μ‐PCy2)Rh(PPh3)(CO) and (CO)4Fe(μ‐PCy2)Rh(1,5‐COD). Crystal and Molecular Structure of (CO)3(PPh3)Fe(μ‐PCy2)Rh(PPh3)(CO).
Authors: JENKINS H. A. , LOEB S. J. , STEPHAN D. W.
Published: May 2016

The phosphide complex (I), generated in situ by treatment of the corresponding phosphine complex with BuLi, reacts with Rh compounds to give the title complexes (III) and (V), identified by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Eludication of the 2:1 Adduct from Diethyl (Cyanomethyl)phosphonate and k‐Strophanthidin.
Authors: KREISER W. , BARTELS G. , BATHE‐BURMEISTER S. , ERNST L. , STACHE U.
Published: May 2016

In protic solution the reaction between k‐strophanthidin (I) and the phosphonate (II) affords a 2:1 adduct, whose formation is accompanied by additional incorporation of one molecule of EtOH.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photolabile Disaccharide‐C‐glycoside as an Affinity Reagent for IgA X24.
Authors: KUHN C.‐S. , GLAUDEMANS C. P. J. , LEHMANN J.
Published: May 2016

Enzymatic β‐galactosylation of the octitol (II) affords the disaccharide‐C‐glycosides (III) and (IV); the former, which is also synthesized chemically, is shown to be a very efficient photoaffinity label for the monoclonal antigalactan IgA X24.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Galanthamine.
Authors: SZEWCZYK J. , LEWIN A. H. , CARROLL F. I.
Published: May 2016

The alkaloid (VIII) mentioned in the title and its epimer (IX) are prepared from isovanilline (I) as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Perrottetin F and G, Two Linear Bis(bibenzyl) Ethers from Radula perrottetii.
Authors: MEZEY‐VANDOR G. , NOGRADI M. , NOVIKOV V. P. , WISZT A. , KAJTAR‐PEREDY M.
Published: May 2016

The naturally occurring title compounds (VII) and (IX) are synthesized (the latter by analogous procedures).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Requirements for Catalysis by Chorismate Mutase.
Authors: PAWLAK J. L. , PADYKULA R. E. , KRONIS J. D. , ALEKSEJCZYK R. A. , BERCHTOLD G. A.
Published: May 2016

Some analogs of chorismate (V) such as (I) are synthesized to study the structural requirements for mutase‐catalyzed Claisen rearrangement of type (I) → (II) by chorismate mutase‐prephenate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytochalasan Synthesis: Synthesis of (17S,18S)‐17,18‐Dihydroxy‐10‐(prop‐2‐yl)‐14‐methyl‐(11)cytochalasa‐6(7),13Z,19E‐triene‐1,21‐dione, an Isomer of Aspochalasin C.
Authors: CRAVEN A. P. , DYKE H. J. , THOMAS E. J.
Published: May 2016

The unstable pyrrolinone (V) (NMR detection, not isolated) is subjected to Diels‐Alder cyclization in order to construct the molecule skeleton of the fungal metabolite aspochalasin C (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Tremorgenic Indole Alkaloid Studies. Part 6. Preparation of an Advanced Intermediate for the Synthesis of Penitrem D. Synthesis of an Indole‐Oxocane.
Authors: SMITH A. B. III , HASELTINE J. N. , VISNICK M.
Published: May 2016

An efficient route is described for the synthesis of the tricyclic aniline (XIII) and its transformation into the indole‐oxocane (XX).
Operational and Environmental Conditions for Efficient Biological Nutrient Removal in an Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Bayo Javier , López‐Castellanos Joaquín , Puerta Julio
Published: May 2016

This paper examines correlations and processes related to nutrient removal in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), verifying the efficiency of plant improvements and the extent that public awareness campaigns have had on treated water quality. Increases in water pH value resulted in a decrease in nitrate nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus levels in treated wastewater, demonstrating a better performance of microorganisms with higher pH values. On the contrary, both nutrients proved to increase with increasing temperatures, although there were no significant differences in the nitrogen loading rate, representing a good behavior of the WWTP despite the considered season. This fact can be explained by a new storm tank located at the sewage plant that cushions sharp‐point organic loads, allowing a more stable performance of the WWTP. An increase in electrical conductivity resulted in higher phosphate phosphorus levels in the effluent, indicating a special sensitivity of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) to high osmotic pressures. High C/N ratios, both chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand resulted in lower nitrification rates, indicating the favored growth of heterotrophs over slow‐growing nitrifying bacteria. Sludge age proved to have a strong effect on nutrients removal, increasing the diversity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria but worsening the nitrogen removal efficiency with older solids residence time. In order to meet the requirements of the Council Directive (91/271/CEE) for phosphate phosphorus removal, an anaerobic selector for PAOs growing should be implemented.
Myosin‐10 independently influences mitotic spindle structure and mitotic progression
Authors: Sandquist Joshua C. , Larson Matthew E. , Hine Ken J.
Published: May 2016

The iconic bipolar structure of the mitotic spindle is of extreme importance to proper spindle function. At best, spindle abnormalities result in a delayed mitosis, while worse outcomes include cell death or disease. Recent work has uncovered an important role for the actin‐based motor protein myosin‐10 in the regulation of spindle structure and function. Here we examine the contribution of the myosin tail homology 4 (MyTH4) domain of the myosin‐10 tail to the protein's spindle functions. The MyTH4 domain is known to mediate binding to microtubules and we verify the suspicion that this domain contributes to myosin‐10's close association with the spindle. More surprisingly, our data demonstrate that some but not all of myosin‐10's spindle functions require microtubule binding. In particular, myosin‐10's contribution to spindle pole integrity requires microtubule binding, whereas its contribution to normal mitotic progression does not. This is demonstrated by the observation that dominant negative expression of the wild‐type MyTH4 domain produces multipolar spindles and an increased mitotic index, whereas overexpression of a version of the MyTH4 domain harboring point mutations that abrogate microtubule binding results in only the mitotic index phenotype. Our data suggest that myosin‐10 helps to control the metaphase to anaphase transition in cells independent of microtubule binding. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntheses and Optical Properties of Azo‐Functionalized Ruthenium Alkynyl Complexes
Authors: Wei Dilan , Kodikara Mahesh S. , Morshedi Mahbod , Moxey Graeme J. , Wang Huan , Wang Genmiao , Quintana Cristóbal , Zhang Chi , Stranger Rob , Cifuentes Marie P. , Humphrey Mark G.
Published: May 2016

The syntheses of trans‐[Ru(C≡C‐1‐C6H4‐4‐N=N‐1‐C6H4‐4‐C≡C‐1‐C6H4‐4‐NO2)Cl(L2)2] (L2=dppm (Ru1), dppe) (Ru2)), trans‐[Ru(C≡C‐1‐C6H4‐4‐N=N‐1‐C6H4‐4‐(E)‐CH=CH‐1‐C6H4‐4‐NO2)Cl(dppe)2] (Ru3), and trans‐[Ru(C≡C‐1‐C6H4‐4‐(E)‐CH=CH‐1‐C6H2‐2,6‐Et2‐4‐N=N‐1‐C6H4‐4‐NO2)Cl(dppe)2] (Ru4) are reported, together with those of precursor alkynes. Their electrochemical properties were assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear optical and quadratic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties assayed by UV/Vis‐NIR spectroscopy and hyper‐Rayleigh scattering studies at 1064 nm, respectively, and their linear optical properties in the formally RuIII state examined by UV/Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry. These data were compared to those of analogues with E‐ene and yne linkages in place of the azo groups. Computational studies using time‐dependent density functional theory were undertaken on model compounds (Ru2′–Ru4′) to rationalize the optical behaviour of the experimental complexes.
A new result on robust H∞ control for uncertain time‐delay singular systems via sliding mode control
Authors: Liu Zhen , Gao Cunchen
Published: May 2016

This article is devoted to designing linear sliding surface and adaptive sliding mode controller for a class of singular time‐delay systems with parametric uncertainties and external disturbance. In terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), a sufficient criteria of H∞ performance, and admissibility for considered sliding motion restricted to linear sliding surface is achieved, and the controller which guarantees the finite‐time reachability of the predesigned sliding surface is then developed, respectively. Finally, three examples show the effectiveness of the proposed result. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 165–177, 2016
Titanium Dioxide/Upconversion Nanoparticles/Cadmium Sulfide Nanofibers Enable Enhanced Full‐Spectrum Absorption for Superior Solar Light Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Fu , Zhang Chuan‐Ling , Wang Wan‐Ni , Cong Huai‐Ping , Qian Hai‐Sheng
Published: May 2016

In this work, we demonstrate an electrospinning technique to fabricate TiO2/upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)/CdS nanofibers on large scale. In addition, the as‐prepared TiO2 nanofibers are incorporated with a high population of UCNPs and CdS nanospheres; this results in Förster resonance energy‐transfer configurations of the UCNPs, TiO2, and CdS nanospheres that are in close proximity. Hence, strong fluorescent emissions for the Tm3+ ions including the 1G4→3H6 transition are efficiently transferred to TiO2 and the CdS nanoparticles through an energy‐transfer process. The as‐prepared TiO2/UCNPs/CdS nanofibers exhibit full‐spectrum solar‐energy absorption and enable the efficient degradation of organic dyes by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the UCNPs and TiO2 (or CdS). The UCNPs/TiO2/CdS nanofibers may also have enhanced energy‐transfer efficiency for wide applications in solar cells, bioimaging, photodynamics, and chemotherapy.
Vaginal fine‐needle aspiration: A useful alternative to biopsy
Authors: Lin Diana Murro , Barkan Güliz A. , Chatt Grazina , Park Ji‐Weon , Gattuso Paolo
Published: May 2016

Background

Vaginal fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is infrequently performed to assess palpable lesions. We perform the first multi‐institutional study to evaluate this procedure.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed vaginal FNAs performed at two institutions for the past 27 years. Clinical, cytological and histological data were reviewed and tabulated.

Results

We identified 43 specimens from 39 patients (mean age 56 years, range 18‐86 years). Twenty four patients (62%) had prior malignancies from the following sites: gynecologic tract (22), bladder (1), and breast (1). Twenty four specimens were malignant, 18 were benign (including eight cases from patients with prior malignancy) and one was unsatisfactory. Of 28 FNA specimens from patients with a malignant history, 18 (64%) were positive for malignancy. The most common malignancies were metastatic ovarian carcinoma (50%), squamous cell carcinoma (25%), and uterine cancer (17%). Mean time to metastasis/recurrence was 16 months and was longest in patients with ovarian metastasis (26 months) compared to other malignancies (P = 0.002). The most common benign diagnoses were cysts (33%) and inflammation (22%). In 27 cases with histological correlation, there were 20 true positives, six true negatives and one false negative (sensitivity =95%, specificity =100%). Seven patients had a recent Pap test with two true positives, two true negatives, and three false negatives (sensitivity = 40%, specificity = 100%).

Conclusion

Vaginal FNA is usually performed to rule out a secondary malignancy, often of ovarian origin. Vaginal metastases from extra‐gynecologic sites are rare. FNA is both highly sensitive and specific and may be a safe and effective alternative to biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:665–669. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trait adaptation promotes species coexistence in diverse predator and prey communities
Authors: Klauschies Toni , Vasseur David A. , Gaedke Ursula
Published: May 2016

Species can adjust their traits in response to selection which may strongly influence species coexistence. Nevertheless, current theory mainly assumes distinct and time‐invariant trait values. We examined the combined effects of the range and the speed of trait adaptation on species coexistence using an innovative multispecies predator–prey model. It allows for temporal trait changes of all predator and prey species and thus simultaneous coadaptation within and among trophic levels. We show that very small or slow trait adaptation did not facilitate coexistence because the stabilizing niche differences were not sufficient to offset the fitness differences. In contrast, sufficiently large and fast trait adaptation jointly promoted stable or neutrally stable species coexistence. Continuous trait adjustments in response to selection enabled a temporally variable convergence and divergence of species traits; that is, species became temporally more similar (neutral theory) or dissimilar (niche theory) depending on the selection pressure, resulting over time in a balance between niche differences stabilizing coexistence and fitness differences promoting competitive exclusion. Furthermore, coadaptation allowed prey and predator species to cluster into different functional groups. This equalized the fitness of similar species while maintaining sufficient niche differences among functionally different species delaying or preventing competitive exclusion. In contrast to previous studies, the emergent feedback between biomass and trait dynamics enabled supersaturated coexistence for a broad range of potential trait adaptation and parameters. We conclude that accounting for trait adaptation may explain stable and supersaturated species coexistence for a broad range of environmental conditions in natural systems when the absence of such adaptive changes would preclude it. Small trait changes, coincident with those that may occur within many natural populations, greatly enlarged the number of coexisting species.
Pregnancy‐induced thymic involution is associated with suppression of chemokines essential for T‐lymphoid progenitor homing
Authors: Laan Martti , Haljasorg Uku , Kisand Kai , Salumets Andres , Peterson Pärt
Published: May 2016

During normal pregnancy, the thymus undergoes a severe reduction in size and thymocyte output, which may contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance. It is presently unknown whether the pregnancy‐induced thymic involution also affects nonlymphoid thymic cell populations and whether these changes in stromal cells play a role in the reduction in thymocyte numbers. Here, we characterize the changes in thymic lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells and show that pregnancy results in a reduction of all major thymic lymphoid cell populations, including the early T‐lymphoid progenitors (TLPs) and thymic regulatory T cells. In addition to the thymocytes, the thymic involution also includes all major nonlymphoid cell populations, which show a profound reduction in cell numbers. We also show that during pregnancy, the thymic nonlymphoid cells exhibit decreased expression of chemokines that are essential for TLP homing: CCL25, CXCL12, CCL21, and CCL19. In addition, the expression of these chemokines was substantially downregulated by short‐term treatment with progesterone but not estrogen. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel mechanism for the pregnancy‐induced reduction in TLP homing and the resulting thymic involution.
Wearable Woven Electrochemical Biosensor Patch for Non‐invasive Diagnostics
Authors: Modali Anil , Vanjari Siva Rama Krishna , Dendukuri Dhananjaya
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate a woven electrochemical biosensor patch as a low cost, robust wearable sensor for non‐invasive diagnostics. The critical requirement for wearable sensors is their robustness which necessitates the output signal to be independent of the deformation that the sensor system could potentially undergo. In this work, the performance of woven electrode patch post standard deformations such as bending and twisting were analysed using chronoamperometric detection of lactate, a sweat borne analyte, as a model system. In spite of rigorous deformation, the CV was well within 13 %, indicating the applicability of woven electrode patch as a low cost, robust, wearable, non‐invasive electrochemical biosensor platform.
Molecular and physiological responses to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tumburu Laxminath , Andersen Christian P. , Rygiewicz Paul T. , Reichman Jay R.
Published: May 2016

Changes in tissue transcriptomes and productivity of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated during exposure of plants to 2 widely used engineered metal oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (nano-titania) and cerium dioxide (nano-ceria). Microarray analyses confirmed that exposure to either nanoparticle altered the transcriptomes of rosette leaves and roots, with comparatively larger numbers of differentially expressed genes found under nano-titania exposure. Nano-titania induced more differentially expressed genes in rosette leaves, whereas roots had more differentially expressed genes under nano-ceria exposure. MapMan analyses indicated that although nano-titania up-regulated overall metabolism in both tissues, metabolic processes under nano-ceria remained mostly unchanged. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that both nanoparticles mainly enriched ontology groups such as responses to stress (abiotic and biotic), and defense responses (pathogens), and responses to endogenous stimuli (hormones). Nano-titania specifically induced genes associated with photosynthesis, whereas nano-ceria induced expression of genes related to activating transcription factors, most notably those belonging to the ethylene responsive element binding protein family. Interestingly, there were also increased numbers of rosette leaves and plant biomass under nano-ceria exposure, but not under nano-titania. Other transcriptomic responses did not clearly relate to responses observed at the organism level, possibly because of functional and genomic redundancy in Arabidopsis, which may mask expression of morphological changes, despite discernable responses at the transcriptome level. In addition, transcriptomic changes often relate to transgenerational phenotypic development, and hence it may be productive to direct further experimental work to integrate high-throughput genomic results with longer term changes in subsequent generations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:71–82. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Using BEEHAVE to explore pesticide protection goals for European honeybee (Apis melifera L.) worker losses at different forage qualities
Authors: Thorbek Pernille , Campbell Peter J. , Sweeney Paul J. , Thompson Helen M.
Published: May 2016

Losses of honeybee colonies are intensely debated and although honeybees suffer multiple stressors, the main focus has been on pesticides. As a result, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) revised the guidance for pesticide risk assessment for honeybees. The European Food Safety Authority reported a protection goal of negligible effect at 7% of colony size and then used the Khoury honeybee colony model to set trigger values for forager losses. However, the Khoury model is very simplistic and simulates colonies in an idealized state. In the present study, the authors demonstrate how a more realistic published honeybee model, BEEHAVE, with a few simple changes, can be used to explore pesticide risks. The results show that forage availability interacts with pesticide-induced worker losses, and colony resilience increases with forage quality. Adding alternative unexposed forage to the landscape also substantially mitigates the effects of pesticide exposure. The results indicate that EFSA's reported protection goal of 7% of colony size and triggers for daily worker losses are overly conservative. The authors conclude that forage availability is critical for colony resilience and that with adequate forage the colonies are resilient to even high levels of worker losses. However, the authors recommend setting protection goals using suboptimal forage conditions to ensure conservatism and for such suboptimal forage, a total of 20% reduction in colony size was safe. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:254–264. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC
Cytogenetic and molecular profile of endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: Micci Francesca , Gorunova Ludmila , Agostini Antonio , Johannessen Lene E. , Brunetti Marta , Davidson Ben , Heim Sverre , Panagopoulos Ioannis
Published: May 2016

Recent cytogenetic and molecular investigations have improved our understanding of endometrial stromal tumors, including sarcomas (ESS), and helped redefine their classification into more pathogenetically meaningful categories. Because much more can be gained through such studies, we add information on another 22 ESS examined by karyotyping, PCR analysis, expression array analysis, and transcriptome sequencing. In spite of the known preference for certain pathogenetic pathways, we found considerable genetic heterogeneity in high‐grade (HG) as well as in low‐grade (LG) ESS. Not all HG tumors showed a YWHAE‐NUTM chimeric transcript and as many as six LGESS showed no hitherto known ESS‐related fusions. Among the transcripts identified by transcriptome sequencing and verified by Sanger sequencing, new variants of ZC3H7‐BCOR and its reciprocal BCOR‐ZC3H7 were identified as was involvement of the CREBBP and MLLT4 genes (both well known leukemia‐related genes) in two new fusions. FISH analysis identified a known EPC1‐PHF1 fusion which led to the identification of a new variant at the molecular level. The fact that around 70 genes were found differentially expressed, by microarray analysis, when comparing LGESS showing ESS‐related fusions with LGESS without such transcripts, underscores the biochemical importance of the observed genetic heterogeneity and hints that new subgroups/entities in LGESS still remain undiscovered. © 2016 The Authors. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of temperature‐humidity similarity on Bowen ratios, dimensionless standard deviations, and mass transfer coefficients over a lake
Authors: Dias Nelson Luís , Vissotto Dornelles
Published: May 2016

Similarity between heat and water vapor turbulent transport in the Atmospheric Surface Layer has been the basis of many engineering models to calculate surface fluxes, including the widely applied Bowen ratio equation, for a long time. Modernly, it is best understood within the context of Monin‐Obkhov Similarity Theory (MOST). In this work we study similarity between temperature and humidity, the Bowen ratio, and turbulent mass and heat transfer coefficients over a tropical lake in Brazil (Furnas Lake). The analysis was partly based on the concept of ‘Surface flux numbers’ recently proposed to diagnose scalar similarity, and considered wind directions and flux footprints. A period of 50 days of 30‐min. micrometeorological runs was used. Several cases of dissimilar temperature‐humidity behavior were found in the data. Both footprint extent and an aggregate temperature‐humidity Surface flux number turned out to be insufficient to diagnose these situations, but separate flux numbers for each scalar were able to diagnose their individual conformity to MOST. Overall, temperature displayed consistently larger relative variances and fluxes in comparison with humidity. The results highlight the need of careful analysis when measurements are made at sites close to land, when flux footprints may extend over there, indicating the possibility of advection effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial adhesion to suture material in a contaminated wound model: Comparison of monofilament, braided, and barbed sutures
Authors: Dhom Jonas , Bloes Dominik A. , Peschel Andreas , Hofmann Ulf K.
Published: May 2016

Contaminated suture material plays an important role in the physiopathology of surgical site infections. Recently, suture material has been developed characterized by barbs projecting from a monofilament base. Claimed advantages for barbed sutures are a shortened wound closure time and reduced maximum wound tension. It has also been suggested that these sutures would be advantageous microbiologically. The aim of this study was to test the microbiological characteristics of the barbed Quill in comparison to the monofilament Ethilon II and the braided sutures Vicryl and triclosan‐coated Vicryl Plus. In our study, sutures were cultivated on color‐change agar with Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the halo size was measured. In a second study arm with longer cultivation bacterial growth was followed by antibiotic treatment. Ethilon II and Quill showed good comparable results, whereas large halos were found around Vicryl. Vicryl Plus results depended on triclosan sensitivity. After longer bacterial cultivation and antibiotic treatment, halos were up to 3.6 times smaller on Quill than on Vicryl (p < 0.001), but 1.4 times larger than on Ethilon II (p < 0.001) regarding S. aureus. Confocal microscopy analysis showed bacterial colonization between the braided filaments on Vicryl and beneath the barbs on Quill. From a microbiological perspective, barbed sutures can be recommended in aseptic surgery, but should only be used carefully in septic surgery. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:925–933, 2017.
Changes in the rotational axes of the tibiofemoral joint caused by resection of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Bonny Daniel P. , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L.
Published: May 2016

Kinematic alignment is a method of aligning implants in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that strives to restore the native flexion–extension (F–E) and longitudinal rotation (LR) axes of the tibiofemoral joint. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is typically resected at the time of TKA, which might change the position, and orientation of these axes from that of the native knee. Our objective was to determine whether resecting the ACL causes changes in the F–E and LR axes. A custom designed and validated instrumented spatial linkage (ISL) measured the F–E and LR axes in nine cadaveric knees before and after ACL resection. Changes in these axes were computed for knee flexion from 0° to 120°. For the F–E axis, the two statistically significant yet relatively small changes were internal rotation of 0.5° (p = 0.02) and posterior translation of 0.3 mm (p = 0.04). For the LR axis, the statistically significant and relatively large change was medial translation of 2.1 mm (p = 0.01). Changes to the LR axis in both medial‐lateral position and varus‐valgus orientation varied widely; 77% of a population of knees would have a medial–lateral position change greater than 1 mm, and 53% of a population of knees would have a varus–valgus orientation change greater than 1°. Knowledge of changes of the F–E and LR axes caused by resecting the ACL provides an important baseline for determining the changes in these axes caused by kinematic alignment and mechanical alignment of bi‐cruciate retaining, posterior cruciate retaining, and posterior cruciate substituting implants. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:886–893, 2017.
Interaction of light quality and fertility on biomass, shoot pigmentation and xanthophyll cycle flux in Chinese kale
Authors: Kopsell Dean A , Sams Carl E , Morrow Robert C
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Nutritionally important carotenoids in 21‐day‐old brassica microgreens increase following short and long‐term exposure to narrow‐band wavelengths from light‐emitting diodes (LED). The present study aimed to measure the impact of: (1) fluorescent/incandescent light and different percentages of blue/red LED light and (2) different levels of nutrient fertility on biomass and pigment concentrations in 30‐day‐old ‘Green Lance’ Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). Kale plants were exposed to four light treatments and two fertility levels and were harvested 30 days after seeding and analyzed for nutritionally important shoot pigments.

RESULTS

Kale under the fluorescent/incandescent light treatment had a significantly higher shoot fresh and dry mass. The shoot tissue concentrations of most pigment were significantly higher under blue/red LED light treatments. The higher fertility level resulted in higher concentrations for most pigments. Interestingly, the pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments and de‐epoxidized xanthophylls was higher under all LED treatments.

CONCLUSION

The results obtained in the present study support previous data demonstrating the stimulation of nutritionally important shoot tissue pigment concentrations following exposure to sole source blue/red LEDs compared to traditional lighting. Xanthophyll cycle flux was impacted by LEDs and this may support the role of zeaxanthin in blue light perception in leafy specialty crops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Liver transplantation for children with acute liver failure associated with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Amir Achiya Z. , Ling Simon C. , Naqvi Ahmed , Weitzman Sheila , Fecteau Annie , Grant David , Ghanekar Anand , Cattral Mark , Nalli Nadya , Cutz Ernest , Kamath Binita , Jones Nicola , De Angelis Maria , Ng Vicky , Avitzur Yaron
Published: May 2016

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life‐threatening systemic disease, characterized by overwhelming stimulation of the immune system and categorized as primary or secondary types. Occasionally, acute liver failure (ALF) may dominate the clinical presentation. Given the systemic nature of HLH and risk of recurrence, HLH is considered by many a contraindication to liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study is to review our single‐center experience with LT in children with secondary HLH and ALF (HLH‐ALF). This is a cross‐sectional, retrospective study of children with secondary HLH‐ALF that underwent LT in 2005‐2014. Of 246 LTs, 9 patients (3 males; median age, 5 years; range, 0.7‐15.4 years) underwent LT for secondary HLH‐ALF. Disease progression was rapid with median 14 days (range, 6‐27 days) between first symptoms and LT. Low fibrinogen/high triglycerides, elevated ferritin, hemophagocytosis on liver biopsy, and soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels were the most commonly fulfilled diagnostic criteria; HLH genetic studies were negative in all patients. Immunosuppressive therapy after LT included corticosteroids adjusted to HLH treatment protocol and tacrolimus. Thymoglobulin (n = 5), etoposide (n = 4), and alemtuzumab (n = 2) were used in cases of recurrence. Five (56%) patients experienced HLH recurrence, 1 requiring repeat LT, and 3 died. Overall graft and patient survival were 60% and 67%, respectively. Six patients are alive and well at a median of 24 months (range, 15‐72 months) after transplantation. In conclusion, LT can be beneficial in selected patients with secondary HLH‐ALF and can restore good health in an otherwise lethal condition. Liver Transplantation 22 1245–1253 2016 AASLD
Variations in the distal branches of the superficial fibular sensory nerve
Authors: Hemmi Shoji , Kurokawa Katsumi , Nagai Taiji , Kushida Ryutaro , Okamoto Toshio , Murakami Tatsufumi , Sunada Yoshihide
Published: May 2016

Introduction: We evaluated anatomic variations of distal branches of the superficial fibular sensory nerve electrophysiologically. Methods: Orthodromic nerve conduction studies (NCS) of the first and third branches (M‐I, M‐III) of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and the fourth and fifth branches (I‐IV, I‐V) of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCN) were performed. To find anomalous innervations from the dorsal sural nerve (DSN) in the IDCN territory, NCS of the fourth and fifth branches (S‐IV, S‐V) of the DSN were also performed. Results: All sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of M‐I and M‐III could be obtained bilaterally from 31 healthy Japanese volunteers. SNAPs of I‐IV and I‐V were recordable in 85.5% and 43.5% of feet, respectively. Anomalous innervations from the DSN were confirmed in 71.0% of S‐IV and 93.5% of S‐V. Conclusion: These results suggest that anatomical variations in the IDCN territory are very frequent in Japanese subjects. Muscle Nerve 55: 74–76, 2017
Hypoglossal nerve palsy: 245 cases
Authors: Stino Amro M. , Smith Benn E. , Temkit Mohamed , Reddy Srivan Nagi
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Apart from a case series of 100 subjects in 1996 and several small cohorts, there have been no large retrospective series of cranial nerve XII (CN XII) palsy. Methods: From 1984 to 2014, 245 cases of CN XII palsy were identified via retrospective chart review using historical and exam findings that confirmed the diagnosis. In addition to clinical characteristics, univariate and multivariate models were investigated to predict neoplastic CN XII palsy. Results: Major etiologic categories included: postoperative (29.3%), idiopathic (15.1%), primary neoplastic (14.2%), metastatic malignancy (13.0%), inflammatory (7.3%), radiation (6.1%), and traumatic (4.1%). A multivariate model revealed male gender and a personal history of cancer as predictive of neoplastic CN XII palsy. Conclusions: The most frequent etiologies and disease categories of CN XII palsy were identified, and male gender and personal history of cancer were found to be predictive of a neoplastic cause of CN XII palsy. Muscle Nerve 54: 1050–1054, 2016
Sensitivity of mass spectrometry analysis depends on the shape of the filtration unit used for filter aided sample preparation (FASP)
Authors: Lipecka Joanna , Chhuon Cerina , Bourderioux Matthieu , Bessard Marie‐Andrée , van Endert Peter , Edelman Aleksander , Guerrera Ida Chiara
Published: May 2016

Efficient protein solubilization using detergents is required for in‐depth proteome analysis, but successful LC‐MS/MS analysis greatly depends on proper detergents removal. A commonly used sample processing method is the filter‐aided sample preparation (FASP), which allows protein digestion and detergent removal on the same filtration device. Many optimizations of the FASP protocol have been published, but there is no information on the influence of the filtration unit typology on the detergents removal. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of conic and flat bottom filtration units in terms of number of proteins identified by LC‐MS/MS. We have analyzed 1, 10 and 100 μg of total cell lysate prepared using lysis buffer with different SDS concentrations. We compared the FASP protocol using conic and flat bottom filtration units to ethanol precipitation method. Subsequently, we applied our most performant protocol to single murine pancreatic islet, and identified up to 2463 protein using FASP versus 1169 proteins using ethanol precipitation. We conclude that FASP performance depends strongly on the filter shape: flat bottom devices are better suited for low‐protein samples, as they allow better SDS removal leading to the identification of greater number of proteins.