bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLOBAL CONCENTRATION OF PULP EXPORTS
Authors: Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira , Selvatti Thaisa De Sousa , Alencar Filipe Vanderlei , Santos Júnior Edvaldo Pereira , Borges Luís Antônio Coimbra , Rezende José Luiz Pereira
Published: October 2018

This study analyzed the evolution and degree of the global concentration of pulp exports from 1961 to 2014. In order to measure and analyze the concentration, the following indicators were used: Concentration Ratio [CR(k)]; Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI); Theil Entropy Index (E); Hall and Tideman Index (HTI); Comprehensive Concentration Index (CCI); and Gini Coefficient (G). We concluded that there was a tendency of growth in the global pulp exports during the analyzed period due to an increase in demand driven by population growth and to per capita consumption, enhancing the increase in the number of exporting countries. The CR(k) of the global pulp exporting countries showed that the four [CR(4)] and eight [CR(8)] largest countries present a high concentration, with an oligopolistic market structure and competitive advantage. About 100% of exports are dominated by the 20 largest countries [CR(20)]. The HHI, E, HTI, and CCI indicators showed that there is a concentration in global pulp exportation and presented a deconcentrating tendency. Despite the increase in the number of exporting countries, there was no significant reduction in the inequality of global pulp exports. According to the Gini Coefficient, the inequality was strong to absolute.
ANALYSIS OF THE COST OF FOREST HARVESTING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHARCOAL FOR IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
Authors: Carvalho Lana Guilherme , Timofeiczyk Junior Romano , Da Silva Dimas Agostinho , Malinovski Ricardo Anselmo , Buratto David Alexandre
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to analyze the production cost structure of the system of short logs, operating with the log lengths of 2.1 m, 3.7 m and 5.0 m and to determine which of the three log lengths enables a lower final cost in the production of charcoal. Data collected from a forestry company in the municipality of Paraopeba (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) were used. An analysis of the cutting process, the transportation and the charcoal production was performed. The results showed that the hourly cost of the short log system is higher when using larger log lengths. The cost per unit quantities (cubic meters and tons) of treatments with longer logs is smaller due to its higher yield time. The system with logs of 5.0 m presents an inferior cost for the production of charcoal when compared to the same system with logs between 3.7 m and 2.1 m of length.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PELLETS OF Pinus sp. TORREFIED IN A SCREW TYPE REACTOR
Authors: Magalhães Mateus Alves de , Carneiro Angélica De Cássia Oliveira , Vital Benedito Rocha , Silva Carlos Miguel Simões da , Costa Emylle Veloso Santos , Trugilho Paulo Fernando
Published: October 2018

The combination of pelletization and torrefaction allows for obtaining pellets with higher energetic density. Thus, biomass becomes more attractive and usable for energetic purposes, and therefore, knowing the chemical properties becomes important to guarantee the quality of the torrefied pellets for fuel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of torrefaction of Pinus sp. pellets on their chemical properties. The wood was previously transformed into particles and dried to 16% moisture content for further pelleting. For the torrefaction, the pellets were dried to 0% moisture content and subjected to heat treatment in a screw type reactor at the temperatures of 210, 250, and 290 °C and the times of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. In order to determine the chemical properties, the structural chemical composition, immediate chemical composition, elemental composition, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed. The torrefaction promoted significant changes in the chemical properties of Pinus sp. pellets, especially regarding the proportional increase of carbon content in detriment to oxygen reduction, increase of the thermal stability, and proportional increase of the lignin content by the reduction of the hemicelluloses. This improves the energetic quality of the biomass and turns it into a more competitive fuel when compared to fossil fuels.
CLIMATIC ASPECTS RELATED TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF BRAZILIAN PINE IN THE STATE OF SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Fritzsons Elenice , Wrege Marcos Silveira , Mantovani Luiz Eduardo
Published: October 2018

The natural presence of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Kuntze is associated with several climatic aspects, but the relative importance of each of them has not been sufficiently explored yet. The objective of this study was to identify climatic aspects that are most related to the presence of the species in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. For this purpose, meteorological stations from the municipalities were separated into: places with records of natural occurrence of araucaria; and places without records of the species. Temperature, precipitation and insolation data from these stations were employed, and they were subjected to several univariate and multivariate statistical tests to identify the climates in which araucaria preferentially develop. All the areas presented surplus water, and the insolation hours did not present significant differences. The areas where the araucaria occurred were also separated into three subgroups: two in the Southern Plateau; and one in the highest western sides of the state. These areas were climatically different regarding precipitation, evapotranspiration, and water availability. Finally, we concluded that the araucaria occurs in places where the average temperatures are lower and the annual rainfall and the winter period rainfall are higher. The results generated by cluster analysis indicated the prospection conditions for in situ conservation purposes. Also, it would assist in the elaboration of breeding programs.
POTENTIAL OF MACAUBA EPICARP (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Martius) FOR BRIQUETTES PRODUCTION
Authors: Teixeira Vinícius Lima , Carneiro Angélica De Cássia Oliveira , Evaristo Anderson Barbosa , Homem de Faria Bruno De Freitas , Donato Danilo Barros , De Magalhães Mateus Alves
Published: October 2018

Briquetting is a form to aggregate value in the biomass production chain, to re-use sustainably waste and to provide high-quality solid biofuels, as well as to enable the development of the energy market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the production of briquettes from epicarp waste of macauba fruit and verify the influence of different temperatures and compaction pressures on the chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of the briquettes. The epicarp was reduced to particles and, then classified, dried, and characterized for their physical and chemical properties. The briquettes were produced by using compression pressures of 62, 83, and 103 bar and temperatures of 90 and 120 °C. The effect of these factors upon the variables studied was verified through regression analysis. The increase of pressure and temperature contributed to greater mass loss of the briquettes. Apparent density and energy density increased due to temperature rise. High values of energy density were obtained, which demonstrates the potential of the macauba fruit epicarp to produce briquettes for generation of thermal energy
Habitat quality modelling and effect of climate change on the distribution of Centaurea pabotii in Iran
Authors: Almasieh Kamran , Zoratipour Amin , Negaresh Kazem , Delfan-Hasanzadeh Khalil
Published: October 2018

Climate change resulting from increased greenhouse gases affects the distribution of weeds by commonly expanding and shifting their future distribution. In this study, habitat distribution of Behbahanian Knapweed (Centaurea pabotii) was modelled as an endemic weed of wheat fields in four provinces in the southwest of Iran. Then, the current and the predicted future distributions were compared under two scenarios based on the lowest and highest carbon dioxide emissions. Field survey was carried out during March-May of 2015-2017 to collect presence points of C. pabotii. Habitat modelling was done using MaxEnt software using eight environmental variables and 25 presence points. To predict the future distribution, modelling projection of CCSM4 was performed for the year 2070 under scenarios of representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6 and RCP 8.5 using the current and the projected future bioclimatic variables in MaxEnt. Our results revealed that the suitable area of distribution will be approximately doubled in the future for both scenarios and will be shifted to lower latitudes and higher altitudes. Also, in the most western province of the study area, a new isolated and large suitable area will occur in the future. Therefore, it was suspected that this plant will be expanded to the wheat fields of this province. Expanding and shifting in the distribution of C. pabotii should be taken into consideration by agricultural managers in Iran.
Short communication: The percentage of egg yolk in the freezing media affects mouflon (Ovis musimon) epididymal sperm cryosurvival
Authors: Martínez-Fresneda Lucía , Esteso Milagros C. , Toledano-Díaz Adolfo , Castaño Cristina , Velázquez Rosario , López-Sebastián Antonio , Prieto Paloma , García-Vázquez Francisco A. , Santiago-Moreno Julian
Published: October 2018

Sperm cryopreservation protocols are not well defined in many wild species such as the mouflon. The aim was to study the effect of different concentrations of EY on mouflon epididymal sperm cryosurvival. Samples were collected by the flushing method and cryopreserved by the conventional freezing technique in straws using a TEST (TES, Tris, glucose) 5% v/v glycerol medium containing either 6% v/v (n=16) or 12% v/v (n=13) clarified EY. The membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, motility, and morphological abnormalities were assessed in fresh and frozen/thawed samples. Fresh sperm quality parameters did not differ between groups except for the acrosome integrity that was lower in the TEST-6% EY than in the TEST-12% EY group (88.9 ± 2.1% vs 94.7 ± 0.8%). Membrane integrity (31.6 ± 4.6% vs 11.6 ± 4.5%), total motility (32.8 ± 4.6% vs 17.2 ± 5.6%), progressive motility (13.3 ± 2.7% vs 6.1 ± 2.9) were higher in frozen-thawed sperm with TEST-6% EY than with TEST-12% EY (p<0.05). Other motility parameters such as curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement were also higher (p<0.05) in frozen-thawed sperm with TEST-6% EY. Frozen-thawed acrosome integrity (85.1 ± 3.3% vs 91.9 ± 2.3) and morphological abnormalities (34.0 ± 3.7% vs 29.1 ± 3.6%) did not differ between extenders. In conclusion, high EY concentration had detrimental effects on post-thaw quality parameters, therefore the use of TEST based extender containing 6% EY is recommended for the cryopreservation of mouflon epididymal sperm.
Genome-wide methylation analysis of a large population sample shows neurological pathways involvement in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Livshits Gregory , Malkin Ida , Freidin Maxim B. , Xia Yudong , Gao Fei , Wang Jun , Spector Timothy D. , MacGregor Alex , Bell Jordana T. , Williams Frances M.K.
Published: October 2018

Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP), has a considerable heritable component, which remains to be explained. Epigenetic factors may contribute to and account for some of the heritability estimate. We analysed epigenome-wide methylation using MeDIPseq in whole blood DNA from 1708 monozygotic and dizygotic Caucasian twins having CWP prevalence of 19.9%. Longitudinally stable methylation bins (lsBINs), were established by testing repeated measurements conducted ≥3 years apart, n = 292. DNA methylation variation at lsBINs was tested for association with CWP in a discovery set of 50 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for CWP, and in an independent dataset (n = 1608 twins), and the results from the 2 samples were combined using Fisher method. Functional interpretation of the most associated signals was based on functional genomic annotations, gene ontology, and pathway analyses. Of 723,029 signals identified as IsBINs, 26,399 lsBINs demonstrated the same direction of association in both discovery and replication datasets at nominal significance (P ≤ 0.05). In the combined analysis across 1708 individuals, whereas no lsBINs showed genome-wide significance (P < 10-8), 24 signals reached p≤9E-5, and these included association signals mapping in or near to IL17A, ADIPOR2, and TNFRSF13B. Bioinformatics analyses of the associated methylation bins showed enrichment for neurological pathways in CWP. We estimate that the variance explained by epigenetic factors in CWP is 6%. This, the largest study to date of DNA methylation in CWP, points towards epigenetic modification of neurological pathways in CWP and provides proof of principle of this method in teasing apart the complex risk factors for CWP.
Non-pharmacological methods of relieving delivery pain
Authors: Pietrzak Jakub , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta , Olszewska Jolanta
Published: October 2018

The control of labor pain and the prevention of suffering are the main problems of doctors and midwives in the care of a woman giving birth. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the use and use of non-pharmacological methods to relieve pain in labor. Numerous non-pharmacological methods of pain relief can be initiated during labor. Midwives must be ready to provide comprehensive childbirth education that introduces women to various pain management options. Promoting comfort and satisfaction to women are among the most important tasks of care providers, who should value the physiological birth and the appropriate use of technology, prioritizing humane care providers who should value the physiological birth and the appropriate use of technology, prioritizing humane
Diagnosis and treatment of nerve entrapment neuropathies in Palliative Medicine
Authors: Żylicz Zbigniew
Published: October 2018

Nerve entrapment neuropathies are common in patients under Palliative Care. Most of these neuropathies, because of the pressure, occur at the rear and at the sides of the body. Systemic treatment was not studied in detail and is probably not very efficacious. Local problem should be treated locally. The vicinity of the nerves can be injected with local anesthetics and methylprednisolone. In this article all aspect needed to take the right decision are discussed, as well as alternative treatments and possible complications.
Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis: A Review of Clinicopathologic Features and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Schechter Shula , Lamps Laura
Published: October 2018

Context.—

The liver is frequently affected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, but involvement is commonly subclinical and self-limited. Severe and potentially fatal EBV hepatitis has also been occasionally reported in immunocompromised patients and, even more rarely, in immunocompetent individuals.

Objective.—

To provide a review of the clinicopathologic findings of EBV hepatitis, with a focus on microscopic features and ancillary testing with a brief discussion of the differential diagnosis.

Data Sources.—

Analysis of the pertinent literature (PubMed) and clinical practice experience based on institutional materials.

Conclusions.—

Characteristic microscopic findings in EBV hepatitis include a diffuse lymphocytic sinusoidal infiltrate in a “string of beads” pattern, expansion of portal tracts by a predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate, and intact lobular architecture. In situ hybridization of EBV-encoded RNA is a helpful ancillary test. Correlation of clinical history, laboratory findings, and histopathologic features is essential to distinguish EBV hepatitis from autoimmune liver diseases, transplant rejection, lymphomas, and drug-induced liver injury.
Approach to the Liver Biopsy in the Patient With Chronic Low-Level Aminotransferase Elevations
Authors: Ettel Mark G. , Appelman Henry D.
Published: October 2018

Pathologists sometimes encounter a liver biopsy from an asymptomatic patient with unexplained low-level parenchymal liver enzyme elevations. These biopsies often have minor histologic changes but are otherwise almost entirely normal. This can lead to the quandary of whether or not the features are clinically meaningful and how one must formulate a diagnosis from the possibly nonspecific findings of a near-normal biopsy. The following discussion focuses on the histologic changes that can be seen in these biopsies and the practical issues involved in making a diagnosis that provides useful information to the clinician. The literature and textbooks addressing the histologic and clinical features of these cases are reviewed with an emphasis on the clinical implications of finding nonspecific histologic alterations in these patients.
Atypical Ductal Lesions of the Breast: Criteria, Significance, and Laboratory Updates
Authors: East Ellen G. , Carter Cody S. , Kleer Celina G.
Published: October 2018

Context.—

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a challenging diagnosis defined by cytologic and architectural features that carries an increased risk of subsequent carcinoma when diagnosed in isolation. In addition, ADH may secondarily involve benign breast lesions, wherein it carries variable clinical significance.

Objectives.—

To review the diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of ADH in isolation and as it involves benign breast lesions, and to review the evolving literature on its molecular signature.

Data Sources.—

Recently published studies that collectively examine ADH were reviewed.

Conclusions.—

Atypical ductal hyperplasia carries an increased risk of subsequent carcinoma in isolation and when it involves most benign breast lesions. Identifying which cases of ADH will be upgraded to carcinoma has been challenging, and new laboratory developments, such as EZH2 overexpression, may have a future role.
« Le temps des revues est peut-être passé ? » : les réseaux intellectuels indépendantistes face au Parti québécois (1967-1971)1
Authors: Carlos Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2018

Cet article analyse le déclin du réseau des revues d’idées indépendantistes qui survient à la fin des années 1960, au moment où le Parti québécois récupère en grande partie les idées, mais aussi les acteurs qui ont animé différentes publications au courant de la Révolution tranquille. Dans un premier temps, nous procédons à la cartographie des principaux noeuds intellectuels de la fin des années 1960, en présentant les animateurs, les idéologies et le potentiel de diffusion des revues étudiées. Dans un deuxième temps, nous revenons sur l’épisode de la fondation du Parti québécois et sur l’impact initial qu’a eu l’arrivée de la coalition centriste de René Lévesque sur le réseau intellectuel indépendantiste. Dans un troisième temps, nous abordons la question des transferts idéologiques et des liens politiques qui se sont établis entre les membres du réseau et le Parti québécois au tournant des années 1970.
Le Tombeau de Rameau de Gérard Pesson : composer avec l’histoire
Authors: Gornet Adèle
Published: October 2018

Comment écrire pour le clavecin seul aujourd’hui ? Plus d’un siècle après sa redécouverte, celui-ci est ancré dans son répertoire ancien. En se mettant à la création d’une oeuvre pour cet instrument, le compositeur exprime un certain regard sur l’histoire de la musique en général et de cet instrument en particulier. Le Tombeau de Rameau de Gérard Pesson interroge l’enjeu de l’hommage à travers l’écriture pour cet instrument historique. Excluant l’emploi de la citation directe, c’est par l’intégration intime de techniques d’écriture et de genres anciens que Gérard Pesson incorpore l’histoire à son oeuvre.
Strange yet Familiar Sounds in Zosha Di Castri’s String Quartet No. 1
Authors: Morrison Landon
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a detailed analysis of Zosha Di Castri’s String Quartet No. 1 (2016), situating the work in relation to the composer’s still-nascent oeuvre and showing how it contains a diverse mix of stylistic impulses within its relatively compact form. The concept of defamiliarization, borrowed from literary criticism, provides a useful theoretical basis for understanding the work. By presenting familiar musical figures within strange new contexts, Di Castri effectively bypasses habitual modes of reception and encourages the listener to engage more actively with the work’s multi-coded discourse. This revivification of perceptual awareness is accomplished using a number of compositional techniques, including the juxtaposition or superimposition of contrasting materials, the transformation of motives, and the distortion of formal syntax. Taken together, these defamiliarizing devices mount an aesthetic intervention that playfully subverts compositional norms, allowing Di Castri to take a decisive step forward in the development of her own musical style.
Vers une appréhension plus circonscrite des défis inhérents à la participation des acteurs de la société civile à l’institutionnalisation de la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE)
Authors: Champion Emmanuelle
Published: October 2018

Cet article propose dix hypothèses de recherche se rapportant aux défis que représentent le déploiement et l’expérimentation par une coalition multi acteurs de modalités d’action inusitées s’inscrivant dans la sphère institutionnelle, tandis qu’elle cherche à établir un rapport de force structurant le champ de régulation de la RSE. Pour ce faire, nous élaborons un cadre d’analyse, à partir d’une hybridation originale entre le courant de l’entrepreneuriat institutionnel et les approches des processus politiques et du cadrage, pour concevoir l’action d’une coalition réunissant des acteurs de la société civile engagés dans une lutte portant sur les modalités d’institutionnalisation de la RSE.
Le management environnemental et l’avantage concurrentiel des entreprises tunisiennes : Quel rôle pour la capacité d’innovation ?
Authors: Hamdoun Mohamed , Zouaoui Mahmoud , Achabou Mohamed Akli , Dekhili Sihem
Published: October 2018

Cette recherche examine les bénéfices du management environnemental en termes de capacité d’innovation et d’avantage concurrentiel dans le cas des entreprises tunisiennes. Une investigation empirique a été conduite auprès de 108 entreprises tunisiennes engagées dans le domaine environnemental. Les résultats indiquent que les pratiques écologiques permettent le développement d’une capacité d’innovation. Cette dernière n’a pas, en revanche, d’effet significatif sur l’avantage concurrentiel des entreprises tunisiennes.
Clan en Ukraine : Analyse d’un mode de gouvernance hybride dans une économie en transition
Authors: Avioutskii Viatcheslav , Tensaout Mouloud
Published: October 2018

Ce papier explore le lien existant entre les ressources politiques d’entreprise et son efficience. Nos résultats montrent que la mise en valeur du mode de gouvernance clanique permet aux entreprises de survivre face à la crise, en mobilisant grâce à leurs connections politiques les subventions nécessaires. En fait, ce mode de gouvernance hybride correspond à un mécanisme d’extraction de rente, qu’on retrouve dans les économies avec un marché imparfait (pays en transition).
Vieillir au travail en contexte d’innovation : au-delà de la stigmatisation pour des pistes d’intégration
Authors: Lord Marie-Michèle , Therriault Pierre-Yves
Published: October 2018

Le phénomène du vieillissement de la population active continue de prendre de l’importance. Les croyances à l’encontre des travailleuses et travailleurs âgés (par exemple leur difficulté à s’adapter aux nouvelles méthodes de travail) sont encore profondément ancrées socialement. Les préjugés envers cette population donnent lieu à diverses situations de marginalisation et d’exclusion, dont des difficultés à trouver un emploi à partir d’un certain âge et un manque d’accès à la formation continue. Or, peu de données probantes portent sur la perception réelle qu’ont les travailleuses et travailleurs âgés concernant l’innovation au travail et leur capacité d’adaptation à cette dernière. Une étude, basée sur une méthodologie qualitative et visant à dresser le portrait du rapport subjectif entretenu entre une main-d’oeuvre vieillissante et l’innovation au travail, sera présentée dans cet article. L’analyse des résultats permet d’aborder des leviers d’action pouvant être considérés par une organisation soucieuse de prendre en compte le vieillissement de la main-d’oeuvre en contexte innovant.
Le parcours d’intégration socioéconomique des nouveaux arrivants francophones à Ottawa : quels effets sur la santé?
Authors: Kouyé Jean-Marie , Soulière Marguerite
Published: October 2018

L’intégration socioéconomique constitue l’une des difficultés majeures auxquelles sont confrontés les immigrants, en particulier les nouveaux arrivants francophones. Dès leur arrivée à Ottawa, ces personnes diplômées ayant des expériences de travail sont confrontées au chômage et à la précarité économique. Cet article prend appui sur une recherche qualitative qui s’est intéressée aux parcours d’intégration socioéconomique et à leurs effets sur la santé de nouveaux arrivants (trois hommes et trois femmes). En se référant au cadre conceptuel des déterminants sociaux des inégalités sociales de santé (OMS, 2010), les analyses font ressortir les liens étroits entre l’expérience subjective des nouveaux arrivants francophones à Ottawa, les obstacles rencontrés en matière d’emploi, de revenu et de logement, et l’exposition de ces derniers à des conditions qui les rendent injustement plus exposés à des circonstances de vie qui affectent leur bien-être et leur santé. Par ailleurs, l’étude ouvre sur les perspectives émiques de la santé et du bien-être des participantes et participants, ce qui comporte des pistes significatives pour de futures recherches-interventions en travail social.
TWO RARE AND INTERESTING SPECIES OF PEZIZALES (FUNGI) FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA – Peziza montirivicola and Trichophaea flavobrunnea
Authors: Jukić Nedim
Published: October 2018

Two interesting and rarely occurring species of fungi from the order Pezizales found in Bosnia and Herzegovinaare presented here. Ecology, morphology, microscopic characters and conservation status of Pezizamontirivicola and Trichophaea flavobrunnea are briefly discussed in the paper. Notes on the similar speciesof operculate discomycetes are given.
DEBLJINSKI PRIRAST STABALA KAO BIOINDIKATOR NJIHOVE VITALNOSTI: STUDIJA SLUČAJA SA PODRUČJA DESPOTOVCA
Authors: Stajić Branko , Dimitrijević Slavoljub , Kazimirović Marko , Dukić Vojislav
Published: October 2018

Istraživanje procesa devitalizacije i sušenja stabala vršeno je u veštački podignutoj sastojini crnog borana području Despotovca, Srbija. Analiziran je debljinski prirast 30 dominantnih stabala, razvrstanihna osnovu okularne ocene intenziteta devitalizacije u tri kategorije: zdrava (bez vidljivih simptomasušenja), devitalizovana (stabla sa proređenim krošnjama i slabo izraženim simptomima sušenja) i jakodevitalizovana (stabla sa suvim većim delom krošnje). Nakon procesa sinhronizacije debljinskog prirastastabala definisani su indeksi debljinskog prirasta ove tri kategorije stabala. U cilju kvantitativne ocenedevitalizacije i utvrđivanja procenta gubitka prirasta kod devitalizovanih i jako devitalizovanih stabalaračunati su i dvostruki indeksi, nastali stvaljanjem u odnos indeksa debljinskog prirasta jako devitalizovanihi devitalizovanih stabala sa indeksima debljinskog prirasta zdravih stabala.Rezultati su pokazali da kod svih kategorija stabala u periodu od 1960. do 2000. godine postoje slučajnevarijacije indeksa debljinskog prirasta i preklapanje linija njihovih tokova, bez nekih jasnih razlika u‘’šablonu’’ reakcije na prisutne stimulativne i ograničavajuće faktore rasta. Jasna i izražena odstupanjau prirastu zdravih, sa jedne strane i devitalizovanih i jako devitalizovanih stabala, sa druge strane,utvrđena su od 2008. godine. Prirast jako devitalizovanih stabala u 2014. godini iznosio je nešto manjeod 42%, a devitalizovanih 67% ostvarenog prirasta zdravih stabala. Daljom analizom indeksa prirastastabala uočeno je da razlike u prirastu ovih kategorija stabala počinju da se pojavljuju još od 2000. godine.Ova činjenica upućuje na zaključivanje da je proces stvarne devitalizacije stabala počeo pre oko15 godina, kada nije bilo nikakvih vidljivih simptoma.
OPŠTEKORISNE FUNKCIJE ŠUMA U NORMATIVNO-PLANSKIM AKTIMA I U PRAKSI: PRIMJER ŠUMA NA TERITORIJI GRADA BANJALUKE
Authors: Dragomirović Aleksandra-Anja
Published: October 2018

Ovim radom želimo dati osvrt na problematiku koja se tiče ostvarivanja opštekorisnih funkcija šuma(OKFŠ), kao segmenta savremenog i usvojenog principa višenamjenskog upravljanja šumama. Cilj namje bio da analiziramo važeće normativne i planske akte koji se odnose na problematiku upravljanjašumama sa posebnim osvrtom na: višenamjensko šumarstvo, OKFŠ, zaštitu prirode, da utvrdimo kakose oni u konačnici sprovode u praksi upravljanja šumama, a sve na primjeru šuma na teritoriji GradaBanjaluke. Šume BL smo odabrali jer ih u našim uslovima vidimo kao idelan primjer za realizacijuvišenamjenskog šumarstva, odnosno šume oko samog grada vidimo kao dobar poligon za realizacijuciljeva gazdovanja šumama koji prevazilaze trenutno dominantno zastupljen privredni cilj (moguće jena malom prostoru ostvarivanje seta funkcija), sa posebnim naglaskom na, kako zaštitni, tako i socijalniaspekt OKFŠ (rekreacija, edukacija, povećanje kvaliteta života urbanog stanovništva i sl.). Rezultatiistraživanja ukazuju da postoji solidna osnova unutar normativnih i planskih akata, ali da se na polju realizacijeistih do danas uradilo veoma malo. Na kraju rada su definisane kratke smjernice za poboljšanjestanja u okvirima predmetne problematike.
ALBIS: integrated system for risk-based surveillance of invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus
Authors: Antonovic Milan P. , Cannata Massimiliano , Danani Andrea , Engeler Lukas , Flacio Eleonora , Mangili Francesca , Ravasi Damiana , Strigaro Daniele , Tonolla Mauro
Published: October 2018

According to predictions bases on a climate-driven large-scale model the areas surrounding Lake Léman and, to some extent, the Swiss Plateau are suitable for the spread of Ae. albopictus North of the Alps, while other areas in Switzerland (e.g., the city of Zürich) seem currently too cold in winter for the survival of eggs. However, this model does not take into account particular micro-climate conditions in urban areas where the specie thrives. Climate conditions in urban micro-habitats (in particular catch basins) increase the probability of the survival of diapausing eggs in the winter season favoring the colonization of new cities that were thought to be too cold for the survival of the eggs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for appropriate monitoring tools and risk-based surveillance of Ae. albopictus populations. In 2018 a multidisciplinary group of researchers from the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) has joined launching the project ALBIS (Albopictus Integrated System). The designed system focuses on the monitoring of urban catch basins, primarily on micro-climate environmental sensing, data transmission, data acquisition and data dissemination. The gathered data are the input for an empirical machine learning model for the prediction of spatial and temporal distribution of the Ae. albopictus. The first real time monitoring tests are in progress in the pilot area in the city of Lugano in the Canton Ticino. Fully functional prototypes have been engineered by the Institute of Earth Science in collaboration with a local electronics manufacturer (TECinvent) combined with the Open Source istSOS OGC Sensor Observation Service software for data acquisition and dissemination, and in the first tests cases have demonstrated good quality in terms of energy efficiency, data quality and data transmission reliability. The first results demonstrated that temperature in catch basins can be different from outside temperature that is detected by traditional terrain measures: in February 2018 during a period of cold air temperature in Canton Ticino of down to -8°C, the prototype sensor monitoring the catch basins' wall surface shows temperatures up to 6°C higher. Considering that one of the Ae. albopictus establishment thresholds is to have a mean January temperature of >0°C to allow egg overwintering, taking into account this micro-climate environments could lead to more realistic predictions.
Changes in mRNA abundance drive shuttling of RNA binding proteins, linking cytoplasmic RNA degradation to transcription
Authors: Gilbertson Sarah , Federspiel Joel D , Hartenian Ella , Cristea Ileana M , Glaunsinger Britt
Published: October 2018

Alterations in global mRNA decay broadly impact multiple stages of gene expression, although signals that connect these processes are incompletely defined. Here, we used tandem mass tag labeling coupled with mass spectrometry to reveal that changing the mRNA decay landscape, as frequently occurs during viral infection, results in subcellular redistribution of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in human cells. Accelerating Xrn1-dependent mRNA decay through expression of a gammaherpesviral endonuclease drove nuclear translocation of many RBPs, including poly(A) tail-associated proteins. Conversely, cells lacking Xrn1 exhibited changes in the localization or abundance of numerous factors linked to mRNA turnover. Using these data, we uncovered a new role for relocalized cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein in repressing recruitment of TATA binding protein and RNA polymerase II to promoters. Collectively, our results show that changes in cytoplasmic mRNA decay can directly impact protein localization, providing a mechanism to connect seemingly distal stages of gene expression.
Genetic basis for coordination of meiosis and sexual structure maturation in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Liu Linxia , He Guang-Jun , Chen Lei , Zheng Jiao , Chen Yingying , Shen Lan , Tian Xiuyun , Li Erwei , Yang Ence , Liao Guojian , Wang Linqi
Published: October 2018

In the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, sex can benefit its pathogenicity through production of meiospores, which are believed to offer both physical and meiosis-created lineage advantages for its infections. Cryptococcus sporulation occurs following two parallel events, meiosis and differentiation of the basidium, the characteristic sexual structure of the basidiomycetes. However, the circuit integrating these events to ensure subsequent sporulation is unclear. Here, we show the spatiotemporal coordination of meiosis and basidial maturation by visualizing event-specific molecules in developing basidia defined by a quantitative approach. Monitoring of gene induction timing together with genetic analysis reveals co-regulation of the coordinated events by a shared regulatory program. Two RRM family regulators, Csa1 and Csa2, are crucial components that bridge meiosis and basidial maturation, further determining sporulation. We propose that the regulatory coordination of meiosis and basidial development serves as a determinant underlying the production of infectious meiospores in C. neoformans.
A plant chitinase controls cortical infection thread progression and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis
Authors: Malolepszy Anna , Kelly Simon , Sørensen Kasper Kildegaard , James Euan Kevin , Kalisch Christina , Bozsoki Zoltan , Panting Michael , Andersen Stig U , Sato Shusei , Tao Ke , Jensen Dorthe Bødker , Vinther Maria , Jong Noor de , Madsen Lene Heegaard , Umehara Yosuke , Gysel Kira , Berentsen Mette U , Blaise Mickael , Jensen Knud Jørgen , Thygesen Mikkel B , Sandal Niels , Andersen Kasper Røjkjær , Radutoiu Simona
Published: October 2018

Morphogens provide positional information and their concentration is key to the organized development of multicellular organisms. Nitrogen-fixing root nodules are unique organs induced by Nod factor-producing bacteria. Localized production of Nod factors establishes a developmental field within the root where plant cells are reprogrammed to form infection threads and primordia. We found that regulation of Nod factor levels by Lotus japonicus is required for the formation of nitrogen-fixing organs, determining the fate of this induced developmental program. Our analysis of plant and bacterial mutants shows that a host chitinase modulates Nod factor levels possibly in a structure-dependent manner. In Lotus, this is required for maintaining Nod factor signalling in parallel with the elongation of infection threads within the nodule cortex, while root hair infection and primordia formation are not influenced. Our study shows that infected nodules require balanced levels of Nod factors for completing their transition to functional, nitrogen-fixing organs.
Medial orbitofrontal inactivation does not affect economic choice
Authors: Gardner Matthew PH , Conroy Jessica C , Styer Clay V , Huynh Timothy , Whitaker Leslie R , Schoenbaum Geoffrey
Published: October 2018

How are decisions made between different goods? One theory spanning several fields of neuroscience proposes that their values are distilled to a single common neural currency, the calculation of which allows for rational decisions. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to play a critical role in this process, based on the presence of neural correlates of economic value in lateral OFC in monkeys and medial OFC in humans. We previously inactivated lateral OFC in rats without affecting economic choice behavior. Here we inactivated medial OFC in the same task, again without effect. Behavior in the same rats was disrupted by inactivation during progressive ratio responding previously shown to depend on medial OFC, demonstrating the efficacy of the inactivation. These results indicate that medial OFC is not necessary for economic choice, bolstering the proposal that classic economic choice is likely mediated by multiple, overlapping neural circuits.
Differing isoforms of the cobalamin binding photoreceptor AerR oppositely regulate photosystem expression
Authors: Yamamoto Haruki , Fang Mingxu , Dragnea Vladimira , Bauer Carl E
Published: October 2018

Phototrophic microorganisms adjust photosystem synthesis in response to changes in light intensity and wavelength. A variety of different photoreceptors regulate this process. Purple photosynthetic bacteria synthesize a novel photoreceptor AerR that uses cobalamin (B12) as a blue-light absorbing chromophore to control photosystem synthesis. AerR directly interacts with the redox responding transcription factor CrtJ, affecting CrtJ’s interaction with photosystem promoters. In this study, we show that AerR is translated as two isoforms that differ by 41 amino acids at the amino terminus. The ratio of these isoforms was affected by light and cell growth phase with the long variant predominating during photosynthetic exponential growth and the short variant predominating in dark conditions and/or stationary phase. Pigmentation and transcriptomic analyses show that the short AerR variant represses, while long variant activates, photosynthesis genes. The long form of AerR also activates many genes involved in cellular metabolism and motility.
Visualization of the type III secretion mediated Salmonella–host cell interface using cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Park Donghyun , Lara-Tejero Maria , Waxham M Neal , Li Wenwei , Hu Bo , Galán Jorge E , Liu Jun
Published: October 2018

Many important gram-negative bacterial pathogens use highly sophisticated type III protein secretion systems (T3SSs) to establish complex host-pathogen interactions. Bacterial-host cell contact triggers the activation of the T3SS and the subsequent insertion of a translocon pore into the target cell membrane, which serves as a conduit for the passage of effector proteins. Therefore the initial interaction between T3SS-bearing bacteria and host cells is the critical step in the deployment of the protein secretion machine, yet this process remains poorly understood. Here, we use high-throughput cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to visualize the T3SS-mediated Salmonella-host cell interface. Our analysis reveals the intact translocon at an unprecedented level of resolution, its deployment in the host cell membrane, and the establishment of an intimate association between the bacteria and the target cells, which is essential for effector translocation. Our studies provide critical data supporting the long postulated direct injection model for effector translocation.
Fusion surface structure, function, and dynamics of gamete fusogen HAP2
Authors: Feng Juan , Dong Xianchi , Pinello Jennifer , Zhang Jun , Lu Chafen , Iacob Roxana E , Engen John R , Snell William J , Springer Timothy A
Published: October 2018

HAP2 is a class II gamete fusogen in many eukaryotic kingdoms. A crystal structure of Chlamydomonas HAP2 shows a trimeric fusion state. Domains D1, D2.1 and D2.2 line the 3-fold axis; D3 and a stem pack against the outer surface. Surprisingly, hydrogen-deuterium exchange shows that surfaces of D1, D2.2 and D3 closest to the 3-fold axis are more dynamic than exposed surfaces. Three fusion helices in the fusion loops of each monomer expose hydrophobic residues at the trimer apex that are splayed from the 3-fold axis, leaving a solvent-filled cavity between the fusion loops in each monomer. At the base of the two fusion loops, Arg185 docks in a carbonyl cage. Comparisons to other structures, dynamics, and the greater effect on Chlamydomonas gamete fusion of mutation of axis-proximal than axis-distal fusion helices suggest that the apical portion of each monomer could tilt toward the 3-fold axis with merger of the fusion helices into a common fusion surface.
Dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission evokes a delayed excitation in lateral dorsal striatal cholinergic interneurons
Authors: Chuhma Nao , Mingote Susana , Yetnikoff Leora , Kalmbach Abigail , Ma Thong , Ztaou Samira , Sienna Anna-Claire , Tepler Sophia , Poulin Jean-Francois , Ansorge Mark , Awatramani Rajeshwar , Kang Un Jung , Rayport Stephen
Published: October 2018

Dopamine neurons have different synaptic actions in the ventral and dorsal striatum (dStr), but whether this heterogeneity extends to dStr subregions has not been addressed. We have found that optogenetic activation of dStr dopamine neuron terminals in mouse brain slices pauses the firing of cholinergic interneurons in both the medial and lateral subregions, while in the lateral subregion the pause is shorter due to a subsequent excitation. This excitation is mediated mainly by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and partially by dopamine D1-like receptors coupled to transient receptor potential channel 3 and 7. DA neurons do not signal to spiny projection neurons in the medial dStr, while they elicit ionotropic glutamate responses in the lateral dStr. The DA neurons mediating these excitatory signals are in the substantia nigra (SN). Thus, SN dopamine neurons engage different receptors in different postsynaptic neurons in different dStr subregions to convey strikingly different signals.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Transforming osteopathic medical education
Authors: Ross-Lee Barbara , Kiss Lois E. , Weiser Michael A.
Published: October 2018

The evolution of the healthcare marketplace to a managed care-based system requires dramatic changes in the fragmented medical education infrastructure and curricula to more adequately train the physician workforce needed to staff and support the new system_ Graduating physicians, in large numbers, feel poorly prepared to function effectively in the very areas adjudged to be essential to a successful transition, such as cost effective care and caring for patients in outpatient settings. Managers of the new systems, such as health maintenance organizations, have expressed dissatisfaction with the skill levels of many of the practitioners whom they are hiring; Many physicians who have made the transition to a new practice paradigm by restructuring their practices are dissatisfied with several aspects of the new practice environment and equally concerned about the quality of care they can deliver. The conflict between rhetoric and incentives, and the difficulty of reforming a fragmented academic system pose barriers to effective change as the nation's academic health centers prepare to respond. Osteopathic medicine is better positioned to change because of its community-based education, its track record in primary care, and its national move to create a vertically integrated continuum of education from undergraduate through graduate study. Medical education and workforce issues are essential components of the cost, quality, and access triad. Without reform in medical education, the ability of the new paradigm to adequately address these other issues is critically compromised.
A new species ofBrachycephalus(Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil
Authors: Pie Marcio R. , Ribeiro Luiz F. , Confetti André E. , Nadaline Mário J. , Bornschein Marcos R.
Published: October 2018

A new miniaturized frog of the genusBrachycephalus(Anura: Brachycephalidae) is described from Morro Santo Anjo in the municipality of Massaranduba, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Specimens were collected from the leaf litter between 470 and 540 above sea level. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) body robust and bufoniform; (2) size snout-vent length 9.9–11.7 mm for males and 10.0–12.9 mm for females; (3) smooth dorsum; (4) general color (in life) orange with white dots and stripe in the middle of the head and along its vertebral column; (5) iris completely black; (6) advertisement call composed of note groups; (7) isolated notes with 1–3 pulses; and (8) short isolated notes (0.002–0.027 s). An estimate of the male density of the new species is also presented. Phylogenetic information indicates that the new species is part of the southernmost clade ofBrachycephalus, which includesBrachycephalus fuscolineatus,B. albolineatus, andB. boticario. The severe anthropogenic impacts in and around the type locality indicate that immediate actions should be taken to ensure the long-term preservation of the new species.