bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relational Price Discounts: Consumers’ Metacognitions and Nonlinear Effects of Initial Discounts on Customer Retention
Authors: del Rio Olivares M.J. , Wittkowski Kristina , Aspara Jaakko , Falk Tomas , Mattila Pekka
Published: August 2017

Practitioners increasingly employ relational price discounts by granting initial discounts to new customers with the goal of building sustainable relationships. However, extant research has provided mixed findings on the long-term effects of initial discounts on customer retention. The current research aims to reconcile this mixed evidence by exploring nonlinear effects of initial discounts on customer retention. Drawing on marketplace metacognition theory, the authors hypothesize that moderate initial discounts (5%–35%) have positive effects on customer retention, whereas low (<5%) and high (>35%) discounts have negative effects. Two large-scale field studies in an insurance company's car insurance branch and property insurance branch provide empirical support for the hypothesized patterns. An additional laboratory experiment tests the psychological mechanism underlying the nonlinear effects. When compared with low and high discounts, moderate initial discounts lead customers to form higher expectations of future relational benefits provided by the firm, as well as to lower their expectations of future discounts. Finally, this research offers customer lifetime value implications based on the depicted findings.
In God's Hands: How Reminders of God Dampen the Effectiveness of Fear Appeals
Authors: Wu Eugenia C. , Cutright Keisha M.
Published: August 2017

To begin building an understanding of how thoughts about God influence consumer persuasion processes and outcomes, the current research explores how reminders of God affect consumer compliance with fear-based advertising. Results across seven studies demonstrate that when the concept of God is salient, consumer compliance and persuasion in response to fear appeals is dampened. Importantly, the results suggest that one reason for this persuasion-dampening effect of God salience is the fact that consumers associate the concept of God with the idea of unlimited support. Consistent with this, the results reveal that when God is not associated with the idea of support, the dampening effect of God salience on fear appeal compliance is eliminated.
Biomass of Microalgae as a Source of Renewable Energy
Authors: Głowacka Natalia , Gaduš Ján , Slobodník Ján
Published: August 2017

Algae represent a potential source of energy via anaerobic digestion. The aim of the study was to obtain the possible potential of green microalgae, which could replace the commonly used corn silage for the production of biogas in the future. The intensive construction of new biogas plants stations across Europe and the lack of arable land suitable for the cultivation of biomass for energy purposes are the fundamental reasons behind looking for the alternative raw materials for energy production as a substitute for commonly used input materials. When comparing green microalgae with conventional crops the high productivity potential (high oil content) as well as the possibility of their production during the whole year can be noticed. It is necessary to find the effective way to produce biomass from green microalgae, proper for energy conversion, while ensuring the economic and environmental aspects. The interim research results mentioned in this article indicate that microalgae present appropriate alternative material for the process of anaerobic digestion.
Determining the observer parameters for back EMF estimation for selected types of electrical motors
Authors: Urbanski K.
Published: August 2017

In the paper a procedure for determining the observer parameters for selected types of electrical motors is discussed. The procedure is based on the identity observer developed by Luenberger. The paper presents determining the parameters using calculation examples for the DC motor and also for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which utilize the extended state vector to estimate the back electromotive force (BEMF). Presented observer for PMSM does not need to use the information about load torque. The main task of this study is to show how to utilize these general theory to a specified type of motors. Such procedure avoids the use of time-consuming methods of the parameters selection, which are based on random algorithms or the computational intelligence.
Determination of synchronous generator nonlinear model parameters based on power rejection tests using a gradient optimization algorithm
Authors: Boboń A. , Nocoń A. , Paszek S. , Pruski P.
Published: August 2017

The paper presents a method for determining electromagnetic parameters of different synchronous generator models based on dynamic waveforms measured at power rejection. Such a test can be performed safely under normal operating conditions of a generator working in a power plant. A generator model was investigated, expressed by reactances and time constants of steady, transient, and subtransient state in the d and q axes, as well as the circuit models (type (3,3) and (2,2)) expressed by resistances and inductances of stator, excitation, and equivalent rotor damping circuits windings. All these models approximately take into account the influence of magnetic core saturation. The least squares method was used for parameter estimation. There was minimized the objective function defined as the mean square error between the measured waveforms and the waveforms calculated based on the mathematical models. A method of determining the initial values of those state variables which also depend on the searched parameters is presented. To minimize the objective function, a gradient optimization algorithm finding local minima for a selected starting point was used. To get closer to the global minimum, calculations were repeated many times, taking into account the inequality constraints for the searched parameters. The paper presents the parameter estimation results and a comparison of the waveforms measured and calculated based on the final parameters for 200 MW and 50 MW turbogenerators.
Optimization of Wireless Transceivers under Processing Energy Constraints
Authors: Wang Gaojian , Ascheid Gerd , Wang Yanlu , Hanay Oner , Negra Renato , Herrmann Matthias , Wehn Norbert
Published: August 2017

Focus of the article is on achieving maximum data rates under a processing energy constraint. For a given amount of processing energy per information bit, the overall power consumption increases with the data rate. When targeting data rates beyond 100 Gb/s, the system’s overall power consumption soon exceeds the power which can be dissipated without forced cooling. To achieve a maximum data rate under this power constraint, the processing energy per information bit must be minimized. Therefore, in this article, suitable processing efficient transmission schemes together with energy efficient architectures and their implementations are investigated in a true cross-layer approach. Target use cases are short range wireless transmitters working at carrier frequencies around 60 GHz and bandwidths between 1 GHz and 10 GHz.
On-Chip Integrated Distributed Amplifier and Antenna Systems in SiGe BiCMOS for Transceivers with Ultra-Large Bandwidth
Authors: Valerio Testa Paolo , Klein Bernhard , Hahnel Ronny , Plettemeier Dirk , Carta Corrado , Ellinger Frank
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an overview of the research work currently being performed within the frame of project DAAB and its successor DAAB-TX towards the integration of ultra-wideband transceivers operating at mm-wave frequencies and capable of data rates up to 100 Gbits

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1

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. Two basic system architectures are being considered: integrating a broadband antenna with a distributed amplifier and integrate antennas centered at adjacent frequencies with broadband active combiners or dividers. The paper discusses in detail the design of such systems and their components, from the distributed amplifiers and combiners, to the broadband silicon antennas and their single-chip integration. All components are designed for fabrication in a commercially available SiGe:C BiCMOS technology. The presented results represent the state of the art in their respective areas: 170 GHz is the highest reported bandwidth for distributed amplifiers integrated in Silicon; 89 GHz is the widest reported bandwidth for integrated-system antennas; the simulated performance of the two antenna integrated receiver spans 105 GHz centered at 148GHz, which would improve the state of the art by a factor in excess of 4 even against III-V implementations, if confirmed by measurements.
Big Data and Data Science: Opportunities and Challenges of iSchools
Authors: Song Il-Yeol , Zhu Yongjun
Published: August 2017

Due to the recent explosion of big data, our society has been rapidly going through digital transformation and entering a new world with numerous eye-opening developments. These new trends impact the society and future jobs, and thus student careers. At the heart of this digital transformation is data science, the discipline that makes sense of big data. With many rapidly emerging digital challenges ahead of us, this article discusses perspectives on iSchools’ opportunities and suggestions in data science education. We argue that iSchools should empower their students with “information computing” disciplines, which we define as the ability to solve problems and create values, information, and knowledge using tools in application domains. As specific approaches to enforcing information computing disciplines in data science education, we suggest the three foci of user-based, tool-based, and application-based. These three foci will serve to differentiate the data science education of iSchools from that of computer science or business schools. We present a layered Data Science Education Framework (DSEF) with building blocks that include the three pillars of data science (people, technology, and data), computational thinking, data-driven paradigms, and data science lifecycles. Data science courses built on the top of this framework should thus be executed with user-based, tool-based, and application-based approaches. This framework will help our students think about data science problems from the big picture perspective and foster appropriate problem-solving skills in conjunction with broad perspectives of data science lifecycles. We hope the DSEF discussed in this article will help fellow iSchools in their design of new data science curricula.
Opportunities and Challenges in Sustainability of Vertical Farming: A Review
Authors: Kalantari Fatemeh , Tahir Osman Mohd , Joni Raheleh Akbari , Fatemi Ezaz
Published: August 2017

As the world population continues to grow at a rapid rate, accompanied by a substantial growth in food demand which is expected to transpire in the next 50 years, 80 % of the population will be living in urban areas. In order to feed this growing population, there is a need for sustainable urban food. Producing sustainable urban food requires considering all factors of sustainability collectively including, environmental, social and economic advancement. A new method that has been proposed to address the issue of sustainability and to meet the growing food demand is, designing and implementing vertical farms. Vertical farming is a concept that involves cultivating plants with livestock on vertically inclined surfaces such as in skyscrapers in urban areas, where there is a lack of available land and space. However, there is a paucity of information and a limited number of published critical reviews on Vertical farming in urban areas. This study, in an attempt to review the major opportunities and challenges of Vertical Farming, uses the framework of sustainability to examine the role of it in prospective food provision in cities. This study is a critical review of 60 documents from related published papers from relevant journals and scientific online databases. Vertical Farming can be potentially beneficial in increasing food production, maintaining high quality and safety and contributing to sustainable urban farming. Well-known advantages of growing food within the urban territory can be beneficial environmentally, socially and economically. Vertical farms can also provide solutions for increasing food security worldwide.
Association Between Oxidative Stress and Melanoma Progression
Authors: Bisevac Jelena Pantic , Djukic Mirjana , Stanojevic Ivan , Stevanovic Ivana , Mijuskovic Zeljko , Djuric Ana , Gobeljic Borko , Banovic Tatjana , Vojvodic Danilo
Published: August 2017

Background: Overproduction of free radicals accompanied with their insufficient removal/neutralization by antioxidative defense system impairs redox hemostasis in living organisms. Oxidative stress has been shown to be involved in all the stages of carcinogenesis and malignant melanocyte transformation. The aim of this study was to examine association between oxidative stress development and different stages of melanoma. Methods: The measured oxidative stress parameters included: superoxide anion radical, total and manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde. Oxidative stress parameters were measured spectrophotometrically in serum samples from melanoma patients (n=72) and healthy control subjects (n=30). Patients were classified according to AJCC clinical stage. Results: Average superoxide anion and malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly higher in melanoma patients than in control group, with the highest value of superoxide anion in stage III, while malondialdehyde highest value was in stage IV. The activity of total and manganese superoxide dismutase was insignificantly higher in melanoma patients than in control group, while catalase activity was significantly higher. The highest activity of total activity of manganese superoxide dismutase was in stage IV. Catalase activity was increasing with the disease progression achieving the maximum in stage III. Conclusion: Results of our study suggest that melanoma is oxidative stress associated disease, as well as deteriorated cell functioning at mitochondrial level.
m-Convexity and Functional Equations
Authors: Lara Teodoro , Quintero Roy , Rosales Edgar
Published: August 2017

In this research we aim to explore some properties of m-convex functions from the point of view of functional equations or better, functional inequalities. So far studies of m- convexity have been devoted mainly to establish properties, inequalities and examples on the topic, but not to look at the problem from the perspective of functional inequalities.
Profitability and efficiency evaluation of the financial management of a socio-economic intervention
Authors: Garcia Rosario Cano
Published: August 2017

The role of small businesses is critical in the growth of an economy, and in certain circumstances these necessitate financial aid for their sustainability. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of the financial management of the intervention for the improvement of the socio-economic condition of the small businesses in Santol, La Union, Philippines. The article specifically addressed the functionality of the financial aid relative to the actions taken by the beneficiaries for their small businesses, the profitability and efficiency of financial management condition of the small businesses, and the impact on the socio-economic condition of the small business beneficiaries. The study utilized the descriptive type of research mixing qualitative and quantitative analysis by applying financial ratios. It covered the small businesses from three associations and their 127 members. It was found that the association-beneficiaries deposited the money in a bank before the loaning services. The small businesses became profitable and efficient in utilizing the financial aid. The overall socio-economic impact is good as reflected in the results of their financial management. The small businesses of the associations were able to continue operating and provided loaning services to their needy members. It is concluded that with close monitoring and evaluation, small businesses that were granted financial aid are profitable and efficient in their financial operations. It is then recommended that monitoring and evaluation as well as the provision of interventions for the small businesses be sustained to ensure contribution of small businesses to the economic growth of the society.
A Study of the Third Space, Hybridity, and Colonial Mimicry in Athol Fugard’s My Children! My Africa!
Authors: Ghasemi Parvin , Sasani Samira , Nemati Fatereh
Published: August 2017

South Africa, like many other Eastern countries, was a victim of the brutal phenomenon called colonialism. Its people suffered a lot but did not give up protesting against it. Literature was often used as a means to demonstrate the problems and realities of the society. Therefore, the literary texts can be considered an effective weapon in this battle. One of these influential people is Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard who is known for his anti-apartheid plays. This article scrutinizes the relation between the colonizer and the colonized in Athol Fugard’s My Children! My Africa! based on Homi Bhabha’s ideas. According to him, the relation between the whites and the blacks becomes reciprocal in the third space of enunciation. Despite their differences, they try to live peacefully. The mimicry strategy is employed by the colonized to prevent total resemblance. They are dependent on each other notwithstanding their opposition, and both are aware of this, which makes them stick together.
Evaluation of Seed Nut Size as Index of Selection for Superior Seed Quality Attributes in Two Biotypes of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
Authors: Kehinde T. O. , Adebisi M. A. , Alegiledoye A. O. , Ajani O. O. , Shofuyi K. A.
Published: August 2017

Quality seed nuts are germane to propagation of the cashew plant. Seed nut fraction and genotypes have been identified to influence seed quality of crop plant. Unexpectedly, seed size effect has not been well documented in Brazilian and local biotypes of cashew grown in Nigeria. An experiment was initiated to investigate the effect of three nut sizes and two biotypes of cashew on seed quality (physical and physiological) traits. Seed nut were collected from three cashew plants of the same age of each of the biotypes and were allowed to stay for 60 days after collection. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates using two factors (nut size and biotypes) in 2011 cropping season in both laboratory and screen house tests. Data were collected on physical characters such as seed length, seed width, 100 seed weight and seed imbibition rate while physiological characters were seed germination and early vigour traits. Data obtained were analysed statistically using Tukey HSD test at 5% probability level. The result revealed that some of the characters were significantly different from one another. Seed nut fraction and biotype had considerable effect on seed length, seed width, seed imbibition rate and 100 seed weight. The two factors (nut size and biotype) interaction had profound effect on seed width only. On seed physiological quality, biotype effect was significant on seedling fresh and dry weights and seedling growth rate whereas seed nut size had considerable effect on seed germination, seedling vigour index, seedling fresh weight and seedling growth rate. The interaction effect of nut size and biotype recorded significant effect on the above four characters. Brazilian biotype had superior physical characters (seed length, width and weight) but with low imbibitions rate while medium and large nut sizes gave the highest seed germination and seedling vigour. Also, medium and large nuts had the highest seedling fresh weight whereas the highest seedling growth rate was recorded with small size seed. However, large, medium and small nut sizes of local biotype had the highest imbibition rate, whereas small, medium and large nut size of Brazilian biotype gave the highest 100 seed weight. On seedling emergence, large nuts of local biotype recorded the highest seedling emergence and seedling vigour index. Medium nuts of the two biotypes of cashew are recommended for cashew seed multiplication. Further research on physiology of cashew nut sizes during storage and osmo and hydro priming treatment effect are necessary and therefore advocated.
Structural Equation Model as a Tool to Assess the Relationship Between Grain Yield Per Plant and Yield Components in Doubled Haploid Spring Barley Lines (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Mańkowski Dariusz R. , Kozdój Janusz , Janaszek-Mańkowska Monika
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to describe and characterize the relationships between yielding factors and grain yield per doubled haploid (DH) plant of spring barley as well as relation between yield components and duration of each stage of plant development. To describe these relations structure equation modeling was used. The study included plants of doubled haploid spring barley lines (Hordeum vulgare L.) derived from two-rowed form of Scarlett cultivar. The SAS® system was used to analyze the model of relationships between grain yield per plant and yield components. Our results indicate that the number of spikes per plant and grain yield per spike had a direct and decisive influence on the grain yield of the investigated DH plants of spring barley. Based on the path model analysis it was found that the most important factor determining grain yield per DH plants of spring barley was the number of spikes per plant and the duration of tillering and shooting stages.
Germination and Biochemical Responses to Alkalinity Stress in Two Sesame Cultivars
Authors: Mahdavi Batool
Published: August 2017

In this study, the effect of different alkaline concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mM) on germination and biochemical characteristics of the two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivares (Dashtestan and GL-13) which are registered cultivars of Iran were investigated. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that, germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length and dry weight, root length and dry weight and K+ content decreased, whereas, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, total soluble sugars and Na+ contents increased with increasing alkalinity stress. GL-13 cultivar had the least root and shoot length, proline and K+ content than Dashtestan.
The Genesis of Arabic Logical Activities: From Syriac Rhetoric and Jewish Hermeneutics to āl-Šāfi‘y’s Logical Techniques
Authors: Azazy Hany
Published: August 2017

This paper tries to outline a history of development of informal logic in Semitic languages and especially in Arabic. It tries to explain how the first definite formulation of rules of this logic appeared at āl-Šāfi‘y’s Risāla, a work on ’uswl āl-fiqhor methodology of law. It attempts also to provide new theories and hypotheses about the translation movement in the Arabic and Islamic medieval world.
Impact of recreation and tourism on selected soil characteristics in the Lisia Góra Nature Reserve area (south-east Poland)
Authors: Makuch-Pietraś Iwona , Pięta Natalia , Pieniążek Marcin
Published: August 2017

The aim of the research was to estimate changes in soil properties caused by intensive recreation and tourism in protected areas within the urban borders of Rzeszów (south-east Poland). The research was conducted on two objects: (1) on protected areas of the Lisia Góra Nature Reserve and (2) along the Wisłok Valley. The difference in anthropopressure between the areas was taken into consideration. Soil penetration resistance and moisture were analysed in the spring and autumn period. Soil texture, pH, total carbon, and electrical conductivity (EC) in a 1:10 soil:water suspension were measured in soil material collected in spring. The ion content (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) was measured in the same suspension with an ion chromatograph. There were significant correlations (determined by the Pearson coefficient) between soil acidity, EC, total exchangeable bases, ions of calcium and magnesium, and soil penetration resistance. A significant difference was found in soil penetration resistance between objects (higher in the Wisłok Valley area) and between the distances from the border of the intensively managed area (a decrease as the distance increased). The Z coefficient (the ratio of sodium ions, the sum of calcium and magnesium ions) was significantly lower for the the Lisia Góra Nature Reserve sites.
Reproductive Ecology of Acanthus ilicifolius L., a Non-Viviparous Mangrove Associate in Coringa Mangrove Forest, Andhra Pradesh (India)
Authors: Aluri Jacob Solomon Raju , Bethapudi Rajesh , Chappidi Prasada Rao
Published: August 2017

Acanthus ilicifolius L. (Acanthaceae) is an evergreen non-viviparous mangrove associate. It is hermaphroditic, strongly protandrous, self-compatible, facultative xenogamous, temporally dioecious and melittophilous. The floral mechanism is highly specialized and adapted for pollination by large-bodied bees. The natural fruit set is below 30%. The fruits mature within a month and usually contain four seeds. The fruit is a capsule and splits explosively in the dorsi-ventral plane ejecting the seeds away. This makes it anemochorous. The gregarious occurrence of the plant at the study site is attributed to propagation by seed and vegetative modes.
Does a 1-Year Age Gap Modify the Influence of Age, Maturation, and Anthropometric Parameters as Determinants of Performance Among Youth Elite Soccer Players?
Authors: Bidaurrazaga-Letona Iraia , Lekue José A. , Amado Markos , Gil Susana M.
Published: August 2017

Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I, Lekue, JA, Amado, M, and Gil, SM. Does a 1-year age gap modify the influence of age, maturation, and anthropometric parameters as determinants of performance among youth elite soccer players? J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2541–2547, 2019—Because age-groups in soccer often comprise children born within a 2-year time frame, characteristics that define the profile of a successful player may not be appropriate for the oldest or youngest players of the same age-group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine to what extent performance was influenced by age, maturation, and body size in elite soccer players with barely 1-year age gap. Anthropometry, 15-m sprint test, modified Barrow's agility test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, countermovement jump, and handgrip test were conducted in players aged 12 years and under (n = 82; age, 11.1 ± 0.6 years) and between 12 and 13 years (n = 79; age, 12.8 ± 0.6 years). A total score of performance, chronological age, and age at peak height velocity were calculated. Descriptive statistics, Student's t-tests, and multiple linear regressions were performed. The explained variance in composite score was greater in the older (54%) than in the younger (30%) players. Sum of skinfolds was the primary predictor of 15-m sprint and countermovement jump in the younger group, whereas in the older group, chronological age and body size appeared as predictors of performance (41%). Body size explained the variance in most tests in older players. In the younger group, biological maturity status explained the variance in endurance (35%) and handgrip (59%) tests. In summary, chronological age and sum of skinfolds influenced the most tests; however, predictors differed between age groups. These findings highlight the importance of assessing individual differences in young male soccer players regardless of their similarity in age.
Nitrogen Transport in Expanded Austenite Formed in Stainless Steels and CoCr Base Alloys
Authors: Manova D. , Mändl S.
Published: August 2017

Expanded austenite is a very hard and wear resistant phase observed after nitrogen insertion into austenitic stainless steels and CoCr alloys and while maintaining their excellent corrosion resistance. Plasma nitriding, plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII), and low energy ion implantation (LEII), among others, are employed to form this phase in the temperature region of 350°C–450°C. The nitrogen supply rate does influence the transport with a transition from a supply limited to a diffusion limited mode is observed. This saturation shifts to higher current densities for higher process temperatures. In saturation, activation energies of 0.8 eV for the nitrogen diffusion is obtained for both classes of alloys. At elevated temperatures, the expanded phase starts to decay into CrN/Cr2N and a Cr-depleted matrix. Initially, a competition between forming these precipitates and long-range diffusion for reduction of concentration gradients is present. Without additional nitrogen insertion from the surface, the gradual decay of expanded austenite leads to very unusual nitrogen depth profiles. The phase transition is initiated from the surface, while the continuing nitrogen redistribution from the expanded phase towards the substrate dominates at the interface. For additional nitrogen insertion from the surface, a much more complex picture emerges. Whereas austenitic steels allow fast nitrogen diffusion with accelerating layer growth for longer times with faster transport through the formed Cr-free FeNi network, no additional nitrogen uptake occurs for CoCr alloys as the Cr-depleted Co matrix does not permit nitrogen transport. Thus, the layer thickness at lower temperatures can be larger than at higher temperatures in this case.
Kinetics of Layers Produced on Niobium by Salt Bath Boriding
Authors: Mariani F. E. , Takeya G. S. , Casteletti L. C. , Lombardi A. N. , Totten G. E.
Published: August 2017

In this study, the growth kinetics of NbB2 (niobium boride) layers on pure niobium by boriding was described. The boronizing process was performed in a salt bath composed of borax (sodium borate) and aluminum (10 wt.%). The processing temperatures used were 1123, 1173, 1223, 1273, and 1323 K with residence times in the bath of 2, 4, and 6 h. The borided samples were characterized with respect to hardness and layer kinetics formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XDR), and Vickers hardness tests were performed. The formation of niobium boride on the surface of pure niobium was confirmed by XRD analysis. The value of Vickers hardness of the layer was up to 2700 HV0.5. The growth kinetics were analyzed by measuring the depth of niobium boride layer as a function of time and temperature. The kinetics equation of the treatment has also been determined with Arrhenius equation K = K0 exp(−Q/RT). The results showed that the diffusion coefficient (K) of the process increased with treatment temperature. Activation energy (Q) for boriding treatment was calculated as 362 kJ/mol.
Synaptic Adhesion Molecule Pcdh-γC5 Mediates Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Li Yanfang , Chen Zhicai , Gao Yue , Pan Gaojie , Zheng Honghua , Zhang Yunwu , Xu Huaxi , Bu Guojun , Zheng Hui
Published: August 2017

Synaptic dysfunction and neuronal excitatory/inhibitory imbalance have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Although intensive studies have been focused on the excitatory synaptic system, much less is known concerning the mechanisms mediating inhibitory synaptic dysfunction in AD. We reported previously that protocadherin-γC5 (Pcdh-γC5), a member of clustered Pcdh-γ subfamily of cadherin-type synaptic adhesion proteins, functions to promote GABAergic synaptic transmission. We reveal here that Pcdh-γC5 is enriched in vesicular GABA transporter-positive synaptic puncta and its expression levels are increased in neuronal hyperexcitation conditions, upon β-amyloid (Aβ) treatment, and in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1)-transgenic mice of both sexes. This is associated with elevated levels of GABAergic proteins and enhanced synaptic inhibition. Genetic knock-down experiments showed that Pcdh-γC5 modulates spontaneous synaptic currents and Aβ-induced synaptic alterations directly. Our results support a model in which Pcdh-γC5 senses neuronal hyperexcitation to augment GABAergic inhibition. This adaptive mechanism may be dysregulated under chronic excitation conditions such as AD, leading to aberrant Pcdh-γC5 expression and associated synaptic dysfunction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic dysfunction is causal for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we reveal a novel pathway that contributes GABAergic synaptic dysfunction in AD mediated by protocadherin-γC5. Our study not only identifies a new mechanism mediating excitatory/inhibitory balance in AD, but may also offer a new target for potential therapeutic intervention.
Ford, Anton; Hornsby, Jennifer and Stoutland, Frederick, eds. Essays on Anscombe’s Intention.
Authors: Piedrahita Óscar Andrés
Published: August 2017

Ford, Anton; Hornsby, Jennifer and Stoutland, Frederick, eds. Essays on Anscombe’s Intention. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011. 314 pp.
Home-made development in Bolivia
Authors: Iamamoto Sue Angélica Serra
Published: August 2017

Este artigo investiga como o movimento de bairro da cidade de El Alto, um movimento social chave na Bolívia contemporânea, retratou e construiu ideias de desenvolvimento durante os protestos de outubro de 2003, a chamada “Guerra do Gas”. Sua perspectiva era informada por ideologias transnacionais – como o progresso, a modernização e o desenvolvimento – e a memória coletiva profundamente enraizada da Guerra do Pacífico. Diferentemente de outras experiências nacionalistas, esse movimento que “avança enquanto olha para trás” procurou reestabelecer um equilíbrio de poderes em vez de promover a superioridade do grupo. Essa ênfase na igualdade traz possibilidades de diálogo com o paradigma de desenvolvimento emergente de vivir bien. Este artigo contribui para uma discussão mais geral sobre o conflito entre o desenvolvimento e o vivir bien na América Latina. Em vez de descartar rapidamente este novo paradigma como sendo demasiado normativo e distante das realidades das pessoas pobres, identifica os possíveis encontros entre eles.
¿Qué significa ser moderno para un latinoamericano del siglo XXI?
Authors: Arocena Felipe
Published: August 2017

¿Qué significa ser moderno para un latinoamericano del siglo XXI? La reflexión sobre esta interrogante será el objetivo central de este ensayo, aunque, a medida que avance, aparecerán otras que servirán como punto de apoyo transitorio: ¿qué es lo que suele entenderse por ser moderno hoy? ¿Qué ha significado ser moderno en la historia? ¿Cómo interpretó lo moderno la teoría sociológica latinoamericana? ¿Qué vínculos hay entre lo moderno, el desarrollo y el progreso? La tesis que se sostiene es que la tecnología es la fuerza principal que determina qué es y qué no es moderno o, como lo define el diccionario: qué es y qué no es “de nuestro tiempo”. No obstante, un latinoamericano moderno del siglo XXI es aquél que intenta ser parte del tiempo que le toca vivir y simultáneamente se pregunta por su propia identidad: ¿qué queremos ser?
Análisis estadístico de la elección presidencial 2014 en Costa Rica
Authors: Araya Alpízar Carlomagno
Published: August 2017

En el presente trabajo se analiza el impacto de las condiciones económicas y demográficas distritales y cantonales, sobre los resultados de la elección presidencial de Costa Rica en el año 2014. La evidencia estadística muestra como variables relevantes para explicar los resultados electorales las siguientes: tasa neta de participación, tasa de ocupación, porcentaje de población urbana, tasa de fecundidad general e índice de desarrollo social como principal resultado se obtuvo que las regiones de mayor tasa de participación y tasa de ocupación tendieron a apoyar al Partido Acción ciudadana.
How does attending PowerPoint free peer to peer teaching impact student experiences at medical school?
Authors: Keith Claire , Owen Katherine
Published: August 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. BackgroundStudent-Seminars is a small group teaching project where second year medical students teach first year students, using whiteboard drawings and interactive activities to facilitate understanding of concepts in a non-threatening setting.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit participants who had attended Student-Seminars. Three focus groups were held with six participants each to discuss academic and non-academic topics. Data reached saturation and themes were identified with an inductive approach using NVivo software.ResultsThe slow pace and interactive teaching style aided understanding of concepts. Whiteboard teaching was preferred over PowerPoint as it was engaging and presented information in an easy to understand way. Students reported improved wellbeing due to the pastoral support of second years and increased confidence and motivation.DiscussionPowerPoint is a mainstay of teaching in medical education. However, the success of Student-Seminars results from the innovative teaching methods and friendly learning environment created. This not only enabled greater depth of understanding but also positively impacted students' wellbeing.ConclusionStudent-Seminars are an easily implemented, peer learning strategy that aids understanding of complex topics. The preference for whiteboard teaching over PowerPoint could be considered generally in medical education to improve dissemination of knowledge in small group settings.
OPERATIONALANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL CUT-TO-LENGTH FOREST HARVESTING SYSTEM
Authors: Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Carmo Flávio Cipriano de Assis do , Minette Luciano José , Souza Amaury Paulo de
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to conduct an operational analysis of forest harvesting activities in a mechanized of the system cut to length in eucalypt plantations in south of Bahia, to determine the distribution of operation times, productivity, operational efficiency and mechanical availability of two models of harvester and two models of forwarder, evaluating these machines in three modules harvesting methodology through time and motion studies. Auxiliary activities corresponded to the lowest percentages within the operating times (mean 1.9% to 1.8% for harvester and forwarder), already operating activities were those that had the highest percentages. The first shift was presented the worst results of operations for the harvester (average 66.3%) and the third shift for the forwarder (55.5%). For the harvester module 1 showed the best result of productive times (average 70.36%). In relation to the forwarder, this same module showed the worst results with unproductive times (average of 22.17%). The availability and mechanical parameters were superior productivity for the forwarder (mean 82.31% and 51.33 m3/h, respectively), as indicators of degree of utilization and operational efficiency were higher in harvester (average 85.01% and 66.41%, respectively). Thus, for the forwarder, the parameters mechanical availability and productivity were higher, while for the harvester, they were the indicators of degree of utilization and operational efficiency
USE OF RESIDUES OF FORESTRY EXPLORATION OF Pinus taeda FOR PARTICLEBOARD MANUFACTURE
Authors: Iwakiri Setsuo , Trianoski Rosilani , Chies Daniel , Tavares Everton Lorenzett , França Morgana Cristina , Lau Pamela Caroline , Iwakiri Viviane Teixeira
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the quality of particleboards manufactured with forest exploitation waste from Pinus taeda. The material in the form of branches, tree tops, stumps and roots, was obtained from a forest plantation located in the Municipality of Mafra -SC. All the material was processed into wood chips for biomass and transported to the place of studies. The Pinus industrial particles were used as control and mixed with the waste in different proportions. The experimental plan consisted of the panels manufacture with 100% of each type of material and mixture of these com proportions of 75/25%, 50/50% and 25/75% with Pinus industrial particles, in addition to the mixture in equal parts, of the three types of materials. Experimental panels were manufactured with nominal density of 0.75 g/cm3, using the urea-formaldehyde resin, in the proportion of 8% of solids -dry weight basis of the particles. The panels were pressed with specific pressure of 4.0 MPa, temperature of 160ºC and pressing time of 8 minutes. The results of the internal bond tests met the requirements of the standard EN 312, is indicative that there has been a proper bonding of these particles originating forest exploitation wastes. General evaluations of the physical and mechanical properties results of the experimental panels indicate the possibility of use of particles obtained from branches, tree tops, stumps and roots, mixed com the industrial Pinus particles, in proportion of, up to, 50%, for particleboard manufacture.
Non-pharmacological management of neonatal pain: Research and clinical practice in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: LINHARES Maria Beatriz Martins , GASPARDO Cláudia Maria
Published: August 2017

Abstract According to the World Health Organization and the International Association for the Study of Pain, pain is a relevant worldwide problem in the healthcare field. The present study aimed to describe the definition of pediatric pain and the main characteristics, and to examine the findings regarding the impact of pain on the development of the child. The best clinical practices in Neonatal Intensive Care Units should include developmental care and specifically implement pain management, aiming to protect the health and development of the infants. The efficacious non-pharmacological management of neonatal pain includes breastfeeding, skin-to-skin, non-nutritive sucking, facilitated-tucking and swaddling. Sweet solutions also have pain relief effects. Psychologists could actively participate in the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions and in the whole process to sensitize and train the professional teams, to alert parents to protection against pain and to support policymakers in the implementation of pain guidelines in the hospital.
Sintomas do trato vocal e índice de desvantagem vocal para o canto moderno em cantores evangélicos
Authors: Pinheiro Joel , Silverio Kelly Cristina Alves , Siqueira Larissa Thaís Donalonso , Ramos Janine Santos , Brasolotto Alcione Ghedini , Zambon Fabiana , Behlau Mara
Published: August 2017

RESUMO Objetivo correlacionar os sintomas de desconforto do trato vocal e desvantagem de voz percebida em homens e mulheres cantores evangélicos. Método participaram 100 cantores evangélicos, 50 do gênero masculino e 50 do feminino. Todos os participantes responderam a dois questionários: Escala de Desconforto do trato vocal (EDTV) e o Índice de Desvantagem para o Canto Moderno (IDCM). Foi realizada a comparação entre os gêneros, tanto em relação aos sintomas do trato vocal como em relação aos índices de IDCM, por meio do teste Mann-Whitney. Para a correlação entre as respostas na Escala de Desconforto no Trato Vocal e IDCM, foi utilizado o teste de Correlação de Sperman (p<0,05). Resultados cantoras evangélicas apresentaram maior frequência e intensidade de sintomas de desconforto do trato vocal, bem como maior desvantagem vocal para o canto, quando comparadas aos cantores evangélicos. Considerando as respostas de todos os cantores, houve correlações positivas entre os sintomas de desconforto do trato vocal e a desvantagem vocal para o canto. Conclusão as percepções de desconforto em trato vocal e de desvantagem para o canto foram diferentes entre os cantores evangélicos do gênero masculino e feminino no grupo estudado. O maior desconforto no trato vocal e desvantagem no canto foram verificados pelas cantoras. Quanto maior foi a frequência e a intensidade de sintomas de desconforto no trato vocal, maior foi a desvantagem vocal.
Morphological and morphometric features of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus liver in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Galindo Gizela Melina , Rodrigues Robson Andrade , Marcondes Sandriely Fernanda , Soares Priscilla , Tavares Luiz Eduardo Roland , Fernandes Carlos Eurico
Published: August 2017

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric measures and morphological aspects of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus, and the presence of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) associated with the periphery of cysts and in the liver parenchyma. Adult specimens, 34 female (123.1 ± 43.9g) and 45 male (135.5 ± 43.4g), from Paraguay River, Corumbá, Brazil, were used. The number of nematode-cysts was determined in 79 livers and 25 of them randomly selected for histopathological analysis and morphometric measures of nematode-cysts (mean diameter, thickness of collagen layer, and cyst-wall layer). The percentage of cysts with MMCs on the periphery and density in the liver parenchyma was estimated. The average number of macroscopic cysts was of 48.7 ± 2.78. Granulomatous reaction was observed surrounding the cysts. Diameter, collagen layer and cyst-wall measurements were 293.0 ± 75.18 (µm), 17.72 ± 6.01 (µm) and 12.21 ± 9.51 (µm), respectively. The number of nematode-cysts was correlated with hepatosomatic index, (r=0.26, P<0.05). Collagen layer was correlated with cyst diameter (r=0.62, P<0.01). Pericystic and parenchymatous MMCs were moderately (r=0.48) and highly (r=0.90) correlated with nematode-cysts number. Morphological characteristics of hepatic tissue and cysts-nematodes measures suggest that G. inaequilabiatus acts as a paratenic host to nematodes in the larval stage.
Sob o credo vermelho: índios, comunistas e revolta no sul de Mato Grosso em meados do século XX
Authors: Flores José Manuel
Published: August 2017

Resumo Com base no uso do Fundo Documental do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (SPI), o artigo se propõe mostrar como duas tentativas de revolta dirigidas contra o domínio exercido pelo SPI sobre âmbitos importantes da vida indígena constituíram um movimento construído junto à ampla mobilização popular conduzida pelo Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB), num contexto dominado pela crise de agosto de 1954 e os processos eleitorais de 1955. A partir de noções sobre a antropologia da formação do Estado, mostra-se como esse movimento incrustou-se em relações estruturais prévias, de caráter clientelístico e instituídas pelo SPI, e como essas mesmas relações, que cotidianamente reproduziam o poder do Estado, foram também o lugar onde se construiu o conflito e a revolta.
Quick Protocol for Monarch® PCR & DNA Cleanup Kit (5 ?g) (NEB #T1030) v1
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: August 2017

This is the "quick" version of Monarch® PCR & DNA Cleanup Kit (5 μg) Protocol (NEB #T1030). For the full protocol, please clickhere.
Estudo comparativo da proteção jurídica socioambiental à luz das Constituições brasileira e colombiana
Authors: D'Almeida Bruna Gonçalves
Published: August 2017

Reconhecido pela Constituio brasileira e pela Constituio colombiana, o direito socioambiental trata conjuntamente das questes sociais e ambientais, mostrando que esto intimamente relacionadas. Tanto a Constituio brasileira de 1988, como a Constituio da Colmbia, nos termos da reforma de 1997, valorizaram a diversidade cultural do pas e garantiram a todos os cidados o direito de ver esse importante patrimnio protegido. O presente texto procurou destacar os pontos de confluncia e de divergncia entre as duas Constituies, entre eles o tratamento diversificado conferido nos dois pases quanto pluralidade cultural, notadamente no tocante situao dos povos indgenas.
Patriotismo constitucional, cultura e história
Authors: Cittadino Gisele
Published: August 2017

Com a idia de patriotismo constitucional, Habermas pretende demonstrar como compromissos com normas universalmente vlidas os princpios de justia do constitucionalismo contemporneo podem se vincular com os compromissos ticos de culturas polticas particulares. Este trabalho pretende analisar como o patriotismo constitucional, como lealdade a uma certa tradio, pode ser justaposto aos diversos patriotismos das mltiplas comunidades histricas, favorecendo interpretaes interculturais dos direitos humanos.