bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions between dynamic team composition and coordination: an agent-based modeling approach
Authors: Blanco-Fernández Darío , Leitner Stephan , Rausch Alexandra
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the interactions between selected coordination modes and dynamic team composition, and their joint effects on task performance under different task complexity and individual learning conditions. Prior research often treats dynamic team composition as a consequence of suboptimal organizational design choices. The emergence of new organizational forms that consciously employ teams that change their composition periodically challenges this perspective. In this paper, we follow the contingency theory and characterize dynamic team composition as a design choice that interacts with other choices such as the coordination mode, and with additional contextual factors such as individual learning and task complexity. We employ an agent-based modeling approach based on the NK framework, which includes a reinforcement learning mechanism, a recurring team formation mechanism based on signaling, and three different coordination modes. Our results suggest that by implementing lateral communication or sequential decision-making, teams may exploit the benefits of dynamic composition more than if decision-making is fully autonomous. The choice of a proper coordination mode, however, is partly moderated by the task complexity and individual learning. Additionally, we show that only a coordination mode based on lateral communication may prevent the negative effects of individual learning.
Integrating supply chain risk management activities into sales and operations planning
Authors: Kalla Christian , Scavarda Luiz Felipe , Hellingrath Bernd
Published: March 2024

Sales and operations planning (S&OP) became a relevant managerial topic for academics and practitioners with a growing literature body and implementation cases in the industry. However, S&OP has been analysed mostly in stable environments, with few implications for uncertain environments. With the current growing pressure to deal with unexpected changes in the business environment, the integration with supply chain risk management (SCRM) activities has been considered a promising direction for the next S&OP generation. Within this context, this paper aims to advance the theoretical understanding of the interrelationship between S&OP and SCRM under different contexts and provide a practical guidance for adapting S&OP in uncertain environments. This goal is achieved by combining literature-based insights, obtained through a rigorous systematic literature review of 77 studies from academic and grey literature, with empirical insights from interviews with 15 industry experts. The research leads to a novel S&OP framework for dealing with uncertain environments. It integrates SCRM activities into S&OP, applying contingency theory as a theoretical foundation to address the context-specific nature of S&OP. Moreover, it embraces a holistic view for S&OP from an integrated people-process-IT perspective, encompassing the involved actors, the process itself and its steps, and the adopted information systems. Additionally, research findings reveal the possibility for an additional process to cope better with uncertain environments, which can run in parallel with the regular S&OP process. It is characterised by a higher planning frequency and a lower planning horizon, resulting in a closer linkage with operational planning and execution.
Evaluating the effect of long-term exposure to ozone on lung function by different metrics
Authors: Raz-Maman Carmel , Borochov-Greenberg Nili , Lefkowitz Rafael Y. , Portnov Boris A.
Published: March 2024

Background

The majority of studies examining long-term exposure to ambient ozone have utilized averages as the exposure parameter. However, averaging ozone exposures may underestimate the impact of ozone peaks and seasonality. The current study aimed to examine the association between ozone exposure evaluated by different exposure metrics and lung function in healthy adolescents.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 665 healthy adolescent males living within a 2 km radius of an ozone monitoring station. Multiple ozone exposure metrics were evaluated, including two-year and peak-season averages, peaks, peak intensity, and the total excess of peak level. Lung function was measured using FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio.

Results

The peak intensity during the ozone peak-season was associated with the largest decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio, -1.52% (95%CI: -2.55%, -0.49%) (p < 0.01). Concurrently, we did not observe a significant association between ozone exposure, assessed by different metrics, and either FEV1 or FVC.

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that when evaluating ambient ozone exposures, ozone peak intensity during peak-season should be considered, as it may predict greater adverse health effects than averages alone.
The Continuum of Moral Harms: Correctional Officers’ Perspectives of Prison and the Influence on their Wellness
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Easterbrook Bethany , Turner Jennifer
Published: March 2024

We apply the continuum of moral harms as described by Litz and King (J Trauma Stress 32:341–349, 2019), ranging from moral distress to moral injury, to understand the impacts of correctional officer (CO) interpretations of prison, recognizing how experiencing prison work informs their personal views. In the current study, we analyze data from 93 COs with a maximum of 2 years of work experience, to understand how, reflecting on their occupational experience, they perceive the purpose of place of their work—the federal penitentiary. Findings reveal prison as a space that they believe should be rehabilitative but which is often adamantly perceived as not rehabilitative. Accordingly, these contradictory circumstances reveal most officers encounter workplace experiences that may be consistent with current conceptualizations of moral frustration, distress, or injury. Thus, we demonstrate how prison work can produce moral challenges for COs. We recommend further study into the conceptualizations of moral harm in prison work more broadly and how to inform proactive strategies to address sources of these deleterious experiences.
Intergenerational Contact in Refugee Settlement Contexts: Results from a Systematic Mapping Review and Analysis
Authors: Kalocsányiová Erika , Essex Ryan , Hassan Rania , Markowski Marianne , Guemar Latefa Narriman , Kazmouz Mataz , Locke Christine , Muhamud Guuleed , Ntabyera Edith , Vogel Peter
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this article is to map research literature on intergenerational contact in refugee and international migration contexts. Using database searches on Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Education Research Complete, we identified 649 potentially relevant studies, of which 134 met the inclusion criteria and are mapped in the article by themes, date of publication, geographical distribution, study design, and targeted population. The review has been developed with input from migrant and refugee charities, and it identifies research trends in the field as well as multiple gaps in the literature. The results highlight the complex ways in which intergenerational contact impacts psycho-social wellbeing and integration, health, and education outcomes for both refugees and other migrant groups. Much of the research to date has focused on relationships within families. Studies exploring the potential tensions and benefits of intergenerational contact between refugees/migrants and members of the broader community are lacking.
Quantification of Vitamin A in Edible Oils: Comparison of Portable Device iCheck Chroma3 to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Palma-Duran Susana A. , Morgan David , Combet Emilie
Published: March 2024

Fortification of edible oil with vitamin A is a widely adopted intervention to minimize the effects of vitamin A deficiency in vulnerable groups and mitigate some of its deleterious consequences. Regulatory monitoring is an important prerequisite to ensure that the fortification program is implemented effectively. Standard laboratory analysis methods for vitamin A in oils to assess adequate addition levels remain expensive and time-consuming. Portable testing devices are relatively less expensive in terms of capital investment and cost per test. However, the reliability of results needs to be assured to ensure acceptability and confidence. This study compared a portable device to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in terms of quantification of vitamin A in both spiked and commercially fortified oils. Nine oils (soybean, palm, cottonseed, rapeseed, corn, peanut, coconut, sunflower, and rice bran oils) were selected and spiked with retinyl palmitate at six different concentrations, and 112 commercially fortified oils were quantified for their vitamin A content using both methods. A good indicator of intra-day and inter-day repeatability (< 10% CV) was obtained for the measurement of vitamin A in the spiked oils for both methods, which denotes a high agreement between them. Vitamin A recoveries were 97–132% for HPLC and 74–127% for the portable device. A strong positive correlation, r = 0.88, is observed between the two methods for the quantification of vitamin A in the commercially fortified oils. The portable device provides a relatively low-cost, quick, and user-friendly alternative to HPLC.
Geometric Quantization Results for Semi-positive Line Bundles on a Riemann Surface
Authors: Marinescu George , Savale Nikhil
Published: March 2024

In earlier work (Marinescu and Savale in Math Ann.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-023-02750-3, 2023) the authors proved the Bergman kernel expansion for semi-positive line bundles over a Riemann surface whose curvature vanishes to at most finite order at each point. Here we explore the related results and consequences of the expansion in the semi-positive case including: Tian’s approximation theorem for induced Fubini-Study metrics, leading-order asymptotics and composition for Toeplitz operators, asymptotics of zeroes for random sections, and the asymptotics of holomorphic torsion.
The Log-Sobolev Inequality for a Submanifold in Manifolds With Asymptotic Non-Negative Intermediate Ricci Curvature
Authors: Lee Jihye , Ricci Fabio
Published: March 2024

We prove a sharp Log-Sobolev inequality for submanifolds of a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold with asymptotic non-negative intermediate Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth. Our work extends a result of Dong et al. (Acta Math. Sci. Ser. B (Engl. Ed.), 44(1):189–194 (2024)) which already generalizes Yi and Zheng (To appear in Chin. Ann. Math., (2023)) and Brendle (Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 75(3), 449–454 (2022)).
Verrucous gastritis-like lesion in intramucosal Helicobacter pylori-uninfected signet ring cell carcinoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma
Authors: Takemoto Hiroki , Kotachi Takahiro , Teshima Hajime , Tamari Hirosato , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Tanaka Hidenori , Yamashita Ken , Urabe Yuji , Ishikawa Akira , Oka Shiro
Published: March 2024

In Japan, accessible Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy is associated with an increase in the prevalence of gastric cancers (GCs) in Hp uninfected stomachs. Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is the most common of these GCs. Intramucosal SRCC with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) occurring in Hp uninfected gastric mucosa is rare; furthermore, many Hp uninfected pure SRCCs exhibit discoloration and flat or slightly depressed lesions, and morphological elevation is relatively rare. We report a case of intramucosal SRCC with PDA with an elevated, verrucous gastritis-like lesion in a 57-year-old male patient. In the present case, the PDA area showed dense tumor cell growth and coexisting desmoplastic and fibrotic reactions. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining identified extensive fibromuscular obliteration with smooth muscle bundles extending from the muscularis mucosa into the lamina propria. The patient underwent curative endoscopic submucosal dissection. The reporting and analysis of such rare cases may lead to a better understanding of the characteristics of advanced Hp uninfected GCs.
A multi-proxy geochemical and micromorphological study of the use of space and stratigraphy of a Viking-age house in Ribe, Denmark
Authors: Trant Pernille L. K. , Wouters Barbora , Croix Sarah , Sindbæk Søren M. , Deckers Pieterjan , Kristiansen Søren M.
Published: March 2024

High-definition approaches are currently revolutionizing our understanding of the archaeology of urban archives. Multi-proxy studies at a high spatial resolution offer especially an opportunity to capture their high data potential. Here we present a study of complex floor layers from an occupation phase dating to c. AD 790–830 uncovered in the Viking-age emporium Ribe, Denmark (c. AD 700–900). In order to better understand stratigraphy and the use of indoor space, mapping for soil geochemistry (portable X-ray fluorescence analysis, pXRF) on a high-resolution grid (0.25 × 0.25 m, n = 1059), was combined with targeted sampling for soil micromorphology and artefact distributions. The results show that the studied occupation phase was composed of several short-lived floor phases belonging to two consecutive houses that had been sampled in conjunction, and which exhibited a complex stratigraphy. The older house phase had a primarily domestic function, where ten functional areas could be defined, and are interpreted as designated spaces for food preparation, storage, sitting or sleeping, and weaving. A younger house phase contained a metal workshop in addition to domestic functions. Methodologically, a number of new, potentially anthropogenic, elements of archaeological interest, such as arsenic, manganese and sulfur, were identified that may contribute to interpretations, while the multi-proxy approach elucidates the refined scale at which we can understand a complex stratigraphic sequence and the integrity of its units. This study shows how the various aspects of Viking-age urban life (craft production, domestic life) were integrated, and sheds light on the dynamics of urban occupation.
3D bioprinted tumor model: a prompt and convenient platform for overcoming immunotherapy resistance by recapitulating the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Zhanyi , Chen Xuebo , Gao Sujie , Fang Xuedong , Ren Shengnan
Published: March 2024

Background

Cancer immunotherapy is receiving worldwide attention for its induction of an anti-tumor response. However, it has had limited efficacy in some patients who acquired resistance. The dynamic and sophisticated complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the leading contributor to this clinical dilemma. Through recapitulating the physiological features of the TME, 3D bioprinting is a promising research tool for cancer immunotherapy, which preserves in vivo malignant aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and the cell–cell/matrix interactions. It has been reported that application of 3D bioprinting holds potential to address the challenges of immunotherapy resistance and facilitate personalized medication.

Conclusions and Perspectives

In this review, we briefly summarize the contributions of cellular and noncellular components of the TME in the development of immunotherapy resistance, and introduce recent advances in 3D bioprinted tumor models that served as platforms to study the interactions between tumor cells and the TME. By constructing multicellular 3D bioprinted tumor models, cellular and noncellular crosstalk is reproduced between tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the TME. In the future, by quickly preparing 3D bioprinted tumor models with patient-derived components, information on tumor immunotherapy resistance can be obtained timely for clinical reference. The combined application with tumoroid or other 3D culture technologies will also help to better simulate the complexity and dynamics of tumor microenvironment in vitro. We aim to provide new perspectives for overcoming cancer immunotherapy resistance and inspire multidisciplinary research to improve the clinical application of 3D bioprinting technology.
Alcohol Drinking Impacts on Adiposity and Steatotic Liver Disease: Concurrent Effects on Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Risks
Authors: Martínez-Urbistondo Diego , Perez-Diaz-del-Campo Nuria , Landecho Manuel F. , Martínez J. Alfredo
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review

This integrative search aimed to provide a scoping overview of the relationships between the benefits and harms of alcohol drinking with cardiovascular events as associated to body fat mass and fatty liver diseases, as well as offering critical insights for precision nutrition research and personalized medicine implementation concerning cardiovascular risk management associated to ethanol consumption.

Recent Findings

Frequent alcohol intake could contribute to a sustained rise in adiposity over time. Body fat distribution patterns (abdominal/gluteus-femoral) and intrahepatic accumulation of lipids have been linked to adverse cardiovascular clinical outcomes depending on ethanol intake. Therefore, there is a need to understand the complex interplay between alcohol consumption, adipose store distribution, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and cardiovascular events in adult individuals. The current narrative review deals with underconsidered and apparently conflicting benefits concerning the amount of alcohol intake, ranging from abstention to moderation, and highlights the requirements for additional robust methodological studies and trials to interpret undertrained and existing controversies.

The conclusion of this review emphasizes the need of newer multifaceted clinical approaches for precision medicine implementation, considering epidemiological strategies and pathophysiological mechanistic. Newer investigations and trials should be derived and performed particularly focusing both on alcohol’s objective consequences as putatively mediated by fat deposition, including associated roles in fatty liver disease as well as to differentiate the impact of different levels of alcohol consumption (absence or moderation) concerning cardiovascular risks and accompanying clinical manifestations. Indeed, the threshold for the safe consumption of alcoholic drinks remains to be fully elucidated.

Graphical Abstract
Cryptosporidium Genomics — Current Understanding, Advances, and Applications
Authors: Agyabeng-Dadzie Fiifi , Xiao Rui , Kissinger Jessica C.
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review

Here we highlight the significant contribution that genomics-based approaches have had on the field of Cryptosporidium research and the insights these approaches have generated into Cryptosporidium biology and transmission.

Recent Findings

There are advances in genomics, genetic manipulation, gene expression, and single-cell technologies. New and better genome sequences have revealed variable sub-telomeric gene families and genes under selection. RNA expression data now include single-cell and post-infection time points. These data have provided insights into the Cryptosporidium life cycle and host–pathogen interactions. Antisense and ncRNA transcripts are abundant. The critical role of the dsRNA virus is becoming apparent.

The community’s ability to identify genomic targets in the abundant, yet still lacking, collection of genomic data, combined with their increased ability to assess function via gene knock-out, is revolutionizing the field. Advances in the detection of virulence genes, surveillance, population genomics, recombination studies, and epigenetics are upon us.
An Overview Based on the Overall Architecture of Traffic Forecasting
Authors: Peng Lilan , Liao Xuehua , Li Tianrui , Guo Xiangyu , Wang Xiu
Published: March 2024

With the exponential increase in the urban population, urban transportation systems are confronted with numerous challenges. Traffic congestion is common, traffic accidents happen frequently, and traffic environments are deteriorating. To alleviate these issues and improve the efficiency of urban transportation, accurate traffic forecasting is crucial. In this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the overall architecture of traffic forecasting, covering aspects such as traffic data analysis, traffic data modeling, and traffic forecasting applications. We begin by introducing existing traffic forecasting surveys and preliminaries. Next, we delve into traffic data analysis from traffic data collection, traffic data formats, and traffic data characteristics. Additionally, we summarize traffic data modeling from spatial representation, temporal representation, and spatio-temporal representation. Furthermore, we discuss the application of traffic forecasting, including traffic flow forecasting, traffic speed forecasting, traffic demand forecasting, and other hybrid traffic forecasting. To support future research in this field, we also provide information on open datasets, source resources, challenges, and potential research directions. As far as we know, this paper represents the first comprehensive survey that focuses specifically on the overall architecture of traffic forecasting.
Mechanisms Underpinning the Net Removal Rates of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Global Ocean
Authors: Lennartz Sinikka T. , Keller David P. , Oschlies Andreas , Blasius Bernd , Dittmar Thorsten
Published: March 2024

With almost 700 Pg of carbon, marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stores more carbon than all living biomass on Earth combined. However, the controls behind the persistence and the spatial patterns of DOC concentrations on the basin scale remain largely unknown, precluding quantitative assessments of the fate of this large carbon pool in a changing climate. Net removal rates of DOC along the overturning circulation suggest lifetimes of millennia. These net removal rates are in stark contrast to the turnover times of days to weeks of heterotrophic microorganisms, which are the main consumers of organic carbon in the ocean. Here, we present a dynamic “MICrobial DOC” model (MICDOC) with an explicit representation of picoheterotrophs to test whether ecological mechanisms may lead to observed decadal to millennial net removal rates. MICDOC is in line with >40,000 DOC observations. Contrary to other global models, the reactivity of DOC fractions is not prescribed, but emerges from a dynamic feedback between microbes and DOC governed by carbon and macronutrient availability. A colimitation of macronutrients and organic carbon on microbial DOC uptake explains >70% of the global variation of DOC concentrations, and governs characteristic features of its distribution. Here, decadal to millennial net removal rates emerge from microbial processes acting on time scales of days to weeks, suggesting that the temporal variability of the marine DOC inventory may be larger than previously thought. With MICDOC, we provide a foundation for assessing global effects on DOC related to changes in heterotrophic microbial communities in a future ocean.
Controls on Polar Southern Ocean Deep Chlorophyll Maxima: Viewpoints From Multiple Observational Platforms
Authors: Boyd Philip W. , Antoine David , Baldry Kimberley , Cornec Marin , Ellwood Michael , Halfter Svenja , Lacour Leo , Latour Pauline , Strzepek Robert F. , Trull Thomas W. , Rohr Tyler
Published: March 2024

Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCMs) are ubiquitous in low‐latitude oceans, and of recognized biogeochemical and ecological importance. DCMs have been observed in the Southern Ocean, initially from ships and recently from profiling robotic floats, but with less understanding of their onset, duration, underlying drivers, or whether they are associated with enhanced biomass features. We report the characteristics of a DCM and a Deep Biomass Maximum (DBM) in the Inter‐Polar‐Frontal‐Zone (IPFZ) south of Australia derived from CTD profiles, shipboard‐incubated samples, a towbody, and a BGC‐ARGO float. The DCM and DBM were ∼20 m thick and co‐located with the nutricline, in the vicinity of a subsurface ammonium maximum characteristic of the IPFZ, but ∼100 m shallower than the ferricline. Towbody transects demonstrated that the co‐located DCM/DBM was broadly present across the IPFZ. Large healthy diatoms, with low iron requirements, resided within the DCM/DBM, and fixed up to 20 mmol C m−2 d−1. The BGC‐ARGO float revealed that DCM/DBM persisted for >3 months. We propose a dual environmental mechanism to drive DCM/DBM formation and persistence within the IPFZ: sustained supply of both recycled iron within the subsurface ammonium maxima, and upward silicate transport from depth. DCM/DBM cell‐specific growth rates were considerably slower than those in the overlying mixed layer, implying that phytoplankton losses such as herbivory are also reduced, possibly because of heavily silicified diatom frustules. The light‐limited seasonal termination of the observed DCM/DBM did not result in a “diatom dump”, rather ongoing diatom downward export occurred throughout its multi‐month persistence.
Changes to Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PANs) Over Megacities in Response to COVID‐19 Tropospheric NO2 Reductions Observed by the Cross‐Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
Authors: Shogrin Madison J. , Payne Vivienne H. , Kulawik Susan S. , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Fischer Emily V.
Published: March 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic perturbed air pollutant emissions as cities shut down worldwide. Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) are important tracers of photochemistry that are formed through the oxidation of non‐methane volatile organic compounds in the presence of nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO + NO2). We use satellite measurements of free tropospheric PANs from the Suomi‐National Polar‐orbiting Partnership Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) over eight of the world's megacities. We quantify the seasonal cycle of PANs over these megacities and find seasonal maxima in PANs correspond to seasonal peaks in local photochemistry. CrIS is used to explore changes in PANs in response to the COVID‐19 lockdowns. Statistically significant changes to PANs occurred over four megacities: with decreases over Los Angeles and Delhi, and increases over Mexico City and Beijing in the winter. Our analysis suggests that large perturbations in NOx may not result in significant declines in NOx export potential of megacities.
Quantifying Human Contributions to Near‐Surface Temperature Inversions: Insights From COVID‐19 Natural Experiments
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Wang Jianghao , Ge Yong
Published: March 2024

Temperature inversion (TI) constitutes a crucial component in the physicochemical processes of the lower troposphere, but disentangling human contributions to its generation from complex environmental factors poses significant challenges. We leveraged the unique natural experiment prompted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic to estimate changes in TI incidence and temperature difference (∆T) caused by the economic shutdown in the first half of 2020 across 500 major cities worldwide. We found that ∆T declined by 2.5% and TI incidence declined by 18.2% compared to 2016–2019, exhibiting spatial‐temporal heterogeneity and pronounced declines in cities with higher levels of economic development and emission reduction. Moreover, we demonstrated that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may serve as a mediating pathway through which human activities influence air thermal properties, and climate categories modulate this mediating effect. Our analysis provides empirical evidence of human influence on the vertical thermal structure of the atmosphere.
Three Decades of Wetland Methane Surface Flux Modeling by Earth System Models‐Advances, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Forbrich Inke , Yazbeck Theresia , Sulman Benjamin , Morin Timothy H. , Tang Angela Che Ing , Bohrer Gil
Published: March 2024

Earth System Models (ESMs) simulate the exchange of mass and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, with a key focus on modeling natural greenhouse gas feedbacks. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. There are growing concerns over the rapidly increasing methane concentration in the atmosphere, underscoring the need for accurate global modeling of its emissions using ESMs. Of the multitude of sources of methane globally, wetlands are the largest natural emitters for methane, leading to significant efforts targeting their representation in ESMs with a special focus on their methane emissions. In this review, we first provide a historical overview of including wetland‐methane components in ESMs and how methane modeling approaches have evolved over time. Second, we discuss recent modeling advancements that show promise for improvements in methane emissions predictions, namely the coupling of surface and atmospheric modules of ESMs, the representation of microtopography and transport mechanisms, the resolution of microbial processes at different spatial‐temporal scales, and the improved mapping of wetland area extent across the different wetland types. Third, we shed light on the different challenges hindering accurate estimations of wetland‐methane emissions, as shown by the consistent discrepancy between bottom‐up and top‐down models' predictions. Finally, we emphasize that more detailed representation of biogeochemistry and dynamic hydrology while resolving the within‐wetland vegetation heterogeneity should improve model predictions, especially when coupled with expanding ground‐based measurement networks and high‐resolution remote sensing mapping of methane‐relevant variables, such as water elevation, water table depth, and methane concentration.
Interpretable Structural Model Error Discovery From Sparse Assimilation Increments Using Spectral Bias‐Reduced Neural Networks: A Quasi‐Geostrophic Turbulence Test Case
Authors: Mojgani Rambod , Chattopadhyay Ashesh , Hassanzadeh Pedram
Published: March 2024

Earth system models suffer from various structural and parametric errors in their representation of nonlinear, multi‐scale processes, leading to uncertainties in their long‐term projections. The effects of many of these errors (particularly those due to fast physics) can be quantified in short‐term simulations, for example, as differences between the predicted and observed states (analysis increments). With the increase in the availability of high‐quality observations and simulations, learning nudging from these increments to correct model errors has become an active research area. However, most studies focus on using neural networks, which while powerful, are hard to interpret, are data‐hungry, and poorly generalize out‐of‐distribution. Here, we show the capabilities of Model Error Discovery with Interpretability and Data Assimilation (MEDIDA), a general, data‐efficient framework that uses sparsity‐promoting equation‐discovery techniques to learn model errors from analysis increments. Using two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic turbulence as the test case, MEDIDA is shown to successfully discover various linear and nonlinear structural/parametric errors when full observations are available. Discovery from spatially sparse observations is found to require highly accurate interpolation schemes. While NNs have shown success as interpolators in recent studies, here, they are found inadequate due to their inability to accurately represent small scales, a phenomenon known as spectral bias. We show that a general remedy, adding a random Fourier feature layer to the NN, resolves this issue enabling MEDIDA to successfully discover model errors from sparse observations. These promising results suggest that with further development, MEDIDA could be scaled up to models of the Earth system and real observations.
A Cryogenic Wideband (2.5–14 GHz) Receiver System for the Arecibo Observatory 12 m Telescope
Authors: Roshi D. Anish , Perillat Phil , Fernandez Felix , Mani Hamdi , Perera Benetge , Manoharan Periasamy K. , Quintero Luis , Venkataraman Arun
Published: March 2024

In this paper we present details of the construction of a wideband, cryogenic receiver and its successful commissioning on the Arecibo Observatory 12 m telescope. The cryogenic receiver works in the 2.5–14 GHz frequency range. We upgraded the current narrow band, room temperature receivers of the telescope with the new wideband receiver. The current receiver is built around a Quadruple‐Ridged Flared Horn (QRFH) developed by Akgiray et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2229953). To mitigate strong radio frequency interference (RFI) below 2.7 GHz, we installed a highpass filter before the first stage low noise amplifier (LNA). The QRFH, highpass filter, noise coupler and LNA are located inside a cryostat and are cooled to 15 K. The measured receiver temperature is 25 K (median value) over 2.5–14 GHz. The system temperature measured at zenith is about 40 K near 3.1 and 8.6 GHz and the zenith antenna gains are 0.025 and 0.018 K/Jy at the two frequencies respectively. We recommend the following improvements to the telescope system: (a) Upgrade the highpass filter to achieve better RFI rejection near 2.5 GHz; (b) Improve aperture efficiency at 8.6 GHz; (c) Upgrade the intermediate frequency system to increase the upper frequency of operation from 12 to 14 GHz.
Geomagnetic Disturbances Due To Neutral‐Wind‐Driven Ionospheric Currents
Authors: Sheng Cheng , Deng Yue , Welling Daniel T. , Morley Steven K.
Published: March 2024

Previous simulation efforts on geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) and geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) mostly rely on global magnetohydrodynamics models, which explicitly calculate the magnetospheric currents and carry certain assumptions about the ionosphere currents. Therefore, the role of ionospheric and thermospheric processes to GMDs has not been fully evaluated. In this study, Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model simulations for an idealized storm event have been conducted. Simply, the high‐latitude electrodynamic forcing (potential pattern and particle precipitation) has been specified by empirical models. GMDs due to neutral‐wind driven currents have been compared to those caused by magnetospheric convection driven currents during both the main and recovery phases. At locations where the high‐latitude electric potential is dominant, neutral‐wind driven currents are found to contribute to about 10%–30% of the total GMDs. During the recovery phase when the ion‐convection pattern retreats to high latitudes, neutral‐wind driven currents become the primary sources for GMDs at middle latitudes on the dayside due to the “flywheel” effect and the large dayside conductance. Our result strongly suggests that ionospheric and thermospheric processes should not be neglected when estimating GMDs and therefore GICs.
Reducing umbilical catheter migration rates by using a novel securement device
Authors: Perl Juliana R. , Crabtree-Beach Tanya , Olyaei Amy , Hedges Madeline , Jordan Brian K. , Scottoline Brian
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel device, LifeBubble, in reducing umbilical cord catheter (UC) migration and associated complications in neonates.

Study design

A retrospective review was performed at Oregon Health & Science University’s NICU (2019–2021) to compare standard adhesive securement with LifeBubble. The primary outcomes were UC migration, discontinuation due to malposition, and CLABSI incidence. Differences between groups were statistically analyzed and logistic regression used to adjust for potential confounders.

Results

Among 118 neonates (57 LifeBubble, 61 adhesive), LifeBubble significantly reduced migration of any UC > 1 vertebral body (12.3% vs. 55.7%), including UVC migration (5.3% vs. 39.3%) and UAC migration (7.0% vs 23.0%), as well as UVC discontinuation due to malposition (5.6% vs 37.7%). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one instance of UVC discontinuation is 4.

Conclusion

LifeBubble effectively reduces UC migration and premature discontinuation, indicating its potential to enhance neonatal care and safety.
RIPK1 inhibitor ameliorates pulmonary injury by modulating the function of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Yang Tao , Xiang Cai-gui , Wang Xiao-han , Li Qing-qing , Lei Shu-yue , Zhang Kai-rong , Ren Jing , Lu Hui-min , Feng Chun-lan , Tang Wei
Published: March 2024

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute and progressive hypoxic respiratory failure that could progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high mortality rate, thus immediate medical attention and supportive care are necessary. The pathophysiology of ALI is characterized by the disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier and activation of neutrophils, leading to lung tissue damage. The receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of multiple inflammatory diseases, but the role of RIPK1 in the ALI remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to figure out the pathological role of RIPK1 in ALI, especially in the pulmonary immune microenvironment involving neutrophils and endothelial cells. In vivo experiments showed that RIPK1 inhibitor protected against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mouse models, with reduced neutrophils and monocytes infiltration in the lungs. Further studies demonstrated that, besides the inhibitory action on necroptosis, RIPK1 inhibitor directly suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inflammatory cytokines secretion from neutrophils. Furthermore, RIPK1 inhibition maintains the barrier function in TNF-α-primed vascular endothelial cells and prevents their activation induced by the supernatant from LPS-stimulated neutrophils. Mechanistically, the aforementioned effects of RIPK1 inhibitor are associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is partially independent of necroptosis inhibition. These results provide new evidence that RIPK1 inhibitor directly regulates the function of neutrophils and endothelial cells, as well as interferes with the interactions between these two cell types, therefore contributing to a better understanding of RIPK1 in ALI and providing a potential avenue for future therapeutic interventions.
Developmental progression of DNA double-strand break repair deciphered by a single-allele resolution mutation classifier
Authors: Li Zhiqian , You Lang , Hermann Anita , Bier Ethan
Published: March 2024

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by a hierarchically regulated network of pathways. Factors influencing the choice of particular repair pathways, however remain poorly characterized. Here we develop an Integrated Classification Pipeline (ICP) to decompose and categorize CRISPR/Cas9 generated mutations on genomic target sites in complex multicellular insects. The ICP outputs graphic rank ordered classifications of mutant alleles to visualize discriminating DSB repair fingerprints generated from different target sites and alternative inheritance patterns of CRISPR components. We uncover highly reproducible lineage-specific mutation fingerprints in individual organisms and a developmental progression wherein Microhomology-Mediated End-Joining (MMEJ) or Insertion events predominate during early rapid mitotic cell cycles, switching to distinct subsets of Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) alleles, and then to Homology-Directed Repair (HDR)-based gene conversion. These repair signatures enable marker-free tracking of specific mutations in dynamic populations, including NHEJ and HDR events within the same samples, for in-depth analysis of diverse gene editing events.
Bidirectional ATP-driven transport of cobalamin by the mycobacterial ABC transporter BacA
Authors: Nijland Mark , Lefebvre Solène N. , Thangaratnarajah Chancievan , Slotboom Dirk J.
Published: March 2024

BacA is a mycobacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter involved in the translocation of water-soluble compounds across the lipid bilayer. Whole-cell-based assays have shown that BacA imports cobalamin as well as unrelated hydrophilic compounds such as the antibiotic bleomycin and the antimicrobial peptide Bac7 into the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, there are indications that BacA also mediates the export of different antibacterial compounds, which is difficult to reconcile with the notion that ABC transporters generally operate in a strictly unidirectional manner. Here we resolve this conundrum by developing a fluorescence-based transport assay to monitor the transport of cobalamin across liposomal membranes. We find that BacA transports cobalamin in both the import and export direction. This highly unusual bidirectionality suggests that BacA is mechanistically distinct from other ABC transporters and facilitates ATP-driven diffusion, a function that may be important for the evolvability of specific transporters, and may bring competitive advantages to microbial communities.
Myosin-binding protein C regulates the sarcomere lattice and stabilizes the OFF states of myosin heads
Authors: Hessel Anthony L. , Engels Nichlas M. , Kuehn Michel N. , Nissen Devin , Sadler Rachel L. , Ma Weikang , Irving Thomas C. , Linke Wolfgang A. , Harris Samantha P.
Published: March 2024

Muscle contraction is produced via the interaction of myofilaments and is regulated so that muscle performance matches demand. Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a long and flexible protein that is tightly bound to the thick filament at its C-terminal end (MyBP-CC8C10), but may be loosely bound at its middle- and N-terminal end (MyBP-CC1C7) to myosin heads and/or the thin filament. MyBP-C is thought to control muscle contraction via the regulation of myosin motors, as mutations lead to debilitating disease. We use a combination of mechanics and small-angle X-ray diffraction to study the immediate and selective removal of the MyBP-CC1C7 domains of fast MyBP-C in permeabilized skeletal muscle. We show that cleavage leads to alterations in crossbridge kinetics and passive structural signatures of myofilaments that are indicative of a shift of myosin heads towards the ON state, highlighting the importance of MyBP-CC1C7 to myofilament force production and regulation.
A molecular extraction process for vanadium based on tandem selective complexation and precipitation
Authors: Osin Oluwatomiwa A. , Lin Shuo , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Lee Stephanie Ling Jie , Lin Sijie , Shimizu George K. H.
Published: March 2024

Recycling vanadium from alternative sources is essential due to its expanding demand, depletion in natural sources, and environmental issues with terrestrial mining. Here, we present a complexation-precipitation method to selectively recover pentavalent vanadium ions, V(V), from complex metal ion mixtures, using an acid-stable metal binding agent, the cyclic imidedioxime, naphthalimidedioxime (H2CIDIII). H2CIDIII showed high extraction capacity and fast binding towards V(V) with crystal structures showing a 1:1 M:L dimer, [V2(O)3(C12H6N3O2)2]2−, 1, and 1:2 M:L non-oxido, [V(C12H6N3O2)2] ̶ complex, 2. Complexation selectivity studies showed only 1 and 2 were anionic, allowing facile separation of the V(V) complexes by pH-controlled precipitation, removing the need for solid support. The tandem complexation-precipitation technique achieved high recovery selectivity for V(V) with a selectivity coefficient above 3 × 105 from synthetic mixed metal solutions and real oil sand tailings. Zebrafish toxicity assay confirmed the non-toxicity of 1 and 2, highlighting H2CIDIII’s potential for practical and large-scale V(V) recovery.
A detachable interface for stable low-voltage stretchable transistor arrays and high-resolution X-ray imaging
Authors: Bian Yangshuang , Zhu Mingliang , Wang Chengyu , Liu Kai , Shi Wenkang , Zhu Zhiheng , Qin Mingcong , Zhang Fan , Zhao Zhiyuan , Wang Hanlin , Liu Yunqi , Guo Yunlong
Published: March 2024

Challenges associated with stretchable optoelectronic devices, such as pixel size, power consumption and stability, severely brock their realization in high-resolution digital imaging. Herein, we develop a universal detachable interface technique that allows uniform, damage-free and reproducible integration of micropatterned stretchable electrodes for pixel-dense intrinsically stretchable organic transistor arrays. Benefiting from the ideal heterocontact and short channel length (2 μm) in our transistors, switching current ratio exceeding 106, device density of 41,000 transistors/cm2, operational voltage down to 5 V and excellent stability are simultaneously achieved. The resultant stretchable transistor-based image sensors exhibit ultrasensitive X-ray detection and high-resolution imaging capability. A megapixel image is demonstrated, which is unprecedented for stretchable direct-conversion X-ray detectors. These results forge a bright future for the stretchable photonic integration toward next-generation visualization equipment.
Strategies for high-temperature methyl iodide capture in azolate-based metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Pan Tingting , Yang Kaijie , Dong Xinglong , Zuo Shouwei , Chen Cailing , Li Guanxing , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Zhang Huabin , Han Yu
Published: March 2024

Efficiently capturing radioactive methyl iodide (CH3I), present at low concentrations in the high-temperature off-gas of nuclear facilities, poses a significant challenge. Here we present two strategies for CH3I adsorption at elevated temperatures using a unified azolate-based metal-organic framework, MFU-4l. The primary strategy leverages counter anions in MFU-4l as nucleophiles, engaging in metathesis reactions with CH3I. The results uncover a direct positive correlation between CH3I breakthrough uptakes and the nucleophilicity of the counter anions. Notably, the optimal variant featuring SCN- as the counter anion achieves a CH3I capacity of 0.41 g g−1 at 150 °C under 0.01 bar, surpassing all previously reported adsorbents evaluated under identical conditions. Moreover, this capacity can be easily restored through ion exchange. The secondary strategy incorporates coordinatively unsaturated Cu(I) sites into MFU-4l, enabling non-dissociative chemisorption for CH3I at 150 °C. This modified adsorbent outperforms traditional materials and can be regenerated with polar organic solvents. Beyond achieving a high CH3I adsorption capacity, our study offers profound insights into CH3I capture strategies viable for practically relevant high-temperature scenarios.
Global annual wetland dataset at 30 m with a fine classification system from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Liangyun , Zhao Tingting , Wang Jinqing , Liu Wendi , Chen Xidong
Published: March 2024

Wetlands play a key role in maintaining ecological balance and climate regulation. However, due to the complex and variable spectral characteristics of wetlands, there are no publicly available global 30-meter time-series wetland dynamic datasets at present. In this study, we present novel global 30 m annual wetland maps (GWL_FCS30D) using time-series Landsat imagery on the Google Earth Engine platform, covering the period of 2000–2022 and containing eight wetland subcategories. Specifically, we make full use of our prior globally distributed wetland training sample pool, and adopt the local adaptive classification and spatiotemporal consistency checking algorithm to generate annual wetland maps. The GWL_FCS30D maps were found to achieve an overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 86.95 ± 0.44% and 0.822, respectively, in 2020, and show great temporal variability in the United States and the European Union. We expect the dataset would provide vital support for wetland ecosystems protection and sustainable development.