bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administration publique des pays en développement et environnement socio-culturel
Authors: Timsit Gérard
Published: January 2024

Public administration of developing countries and socio-cultural environment. The administrations of developing countries have evolved out of an administrative kernel they had inherited from the colonial times. The transformations which are meant to adjust this inheritance to the new missions of the State bring about a differentiation and over-burdening of structures. The major characteristics are an over concentration of powers and the development of actual administrative fiefs deriving from the coincidence of ethnic variations with disarticulated structures. On the other hand, administration is reduced to a mediatory role, while its dominating function is challenged and rejected by the population. Such a weakened administration can hardly get out of this predicament but by a stronger image of the State. It is only through the restructuring of the State as a whole that the three crisis with which it is confronted can be overcome : those of identity, legitimacy, and distribution.
Administration et développement : le cas Sud-Coréen
Authors: Chung Sae Wook
Published: January 2024

Administración y desarrollo — El caso sudcoreano. Los objetivos del desarrollo han de seguir dos etapas : en primer lugar, el desarrollo de la misma administración, en segundo lugar, la administración del desarrollo como etapa de acción. El estudio del ambiente socio-cultural y del sistema político sudcoreano delinea varios factores que influyen más o menos directamente sobre el proceso del desarrollo : autoritarismo, sectarismo, coexistencia de varios sistemas de valores...

La evolución de estructuras se caracteriza por el desarrollo de órganos de planeamiento y el robustecimiento del centralismo. A pesar de todos los esfuerzos hechos, la experiencia reformista no ha logrado una toma en consideración suficiente de los objetivos de desarrollo, ni tampoco de las insuficiencias del aparato administrativo.
Les conventions collectives dans le droit de la fonction publique du Canada et du Québec
Authors: Auby Jean-Marie
Published: January 2024

Collective agreements and the statutes of the civil service in Canada and Quebec. Canadian federal law and the legislation of Quebec in matters of public administration regard collective work agreements as a main source for the status of civil servants. However the situation does not bear out the fact that civil servants have a legal status which is identical to that of the private salary and wage earners. Indeed, the staff of the Canadian and the Quebec administrations are subjected to rules which are different from those generally applicable and are put in a statutory position. However this status which partly results from laws and regulations (i.e. unilateral acts of the State), is also based on collective agreements which now are counted among the origins of the law of civil servants in Canada and Quebec. Mr. Auby’s paper outlines the main elements of the System to illustrate its originality, but the system’s implementation is too recent to allow a proper overview of its efficiency.
Administration locale et système partisan en Égypte
Authors: Mirel Pierre
Published: January 2024

Local government and the party system in Egypt. After indicating that the 1952 Revolution restored the centralized State and a concentration of powers, the author States that the new rulers of Egypt can but rely on the former State apparatus when it comes to transforming society — social laws, land reforms, planning, social measures. That is why the history of local government is equivalent to a permanent clash with the one party System. Set up in 1960, the System subordinates local government to the national Union and, thereafter, to the Arabic Socialist Union, for the political power attempts to control the executive power at ail levels.

But the System, which is blocked by the omnipresence of the party and overlapping competencies among administrative bodies, has given rise to a “new class” in a context of bureaucracy and of “State capitalism”. And the structural reform of governorates in 1971, following the party reform of 1968, has but contributed to strengthening administration since “local parliamentarism” does not work in favour of The Party. After the “economic opening”, the “new class” looked after its consecration by the 1975 reform of local administration. Presented as a new step to democratization in Egypt, — local councils are elected through direct universal suffrage — this important reform mainly translates into reality, according to the author, the waning of The Party, the acknowledgement of local governments economic and social role, the predominance of the governor, and finally, the victory of local government over the Party.
Obstacles, contraintes et résistances à la réforme administrative
Authors: Dunsire Andrew
Published: January 2024

The administrative reform : obstacles, constraints and general resistance

While assessing the obstacles to administrative reform, the author brings them down to two main categories : constraints and general resistance. Apart from this overall distinction, he adds another one between behavioural problems and structural problems. Hence constraints may just like general resistance be due to either behavioural or structural problems. The author applies this distinction to different types of obstacles which administrative reforms have to cope with, i.e. political, economie, social, organizational, and psychological obstacles. Economic obstacles to reform are mainly structural constraints. Psychological obstacles are rather behavioural constraints. Political obstacles result from structural resistance. Social obstacles are due to behavioural resistance.

The conclusion that can be drawn from this analysis is that administrative reform has to watch out for the specific types of obstacles and allow for constraints and resistance arising from structure or attitudes. A reformer has to resemble a helmsman who knows how to assess the type, variety and size of obstacles to cope with ; he sets the targets and fixes the ways and means of reform which he negotiates along the lines of least resistance.
La participation à la gestion des affaires publiques : les communautés rurales sénégalaises
Authors: Ndiaye Birame
Published: January 2024

La participación en los asuntos públicos : las comunidades rurales senegaleses

El artículo trata de la reforma de 1972 modificando substancialmente la organización territorial senegalesa.

La reforma abre la decentralización territorial a toda la nación, es decir a los 70 por cien de la populación que hasta entonces no estaban visados, y fortalece por diversificación la participación de los rurales en la gestión de los asuntos públicos. Visto las dificuldades que encuentran las poblaciones visadas para mantener el funcionamiento de una colectividad efectivamente decentralizada, había la nueva organizatión de adoptar un procedimiento de semi-decentralización con la comunidad rural como instrumento institucional.
L’administration rurale en Afrique peut-elle devenir l’instrument d’un véritable développement ?
Authors: Bugnicourt Jacques
Published: January 2024

Can rural administration in Africa become a tool for true development ?

The African civil services in rural areas encounter a series of problems when focussing on developmental tasks since they tend to copy European models. Actual functions of civil servants in rural areas in terms of both administration and économie and social aspects, the shaping up of genuine “regal functions” on account of the enormous gap separating, in économie, cultural, and psychological terms, rural populations and the civil service, and, as a resuit, the difficulty of establishing a true dialogue between both worlds, the paucity of means earmarked for rural development, ail these explain the Administration's disfunctioning in the light of rural development.

The only way to get out of this predicament would be to adopt a new strategy for rural development focussing on a restitution or dévolution of decision-making to the rural people and redefining the tasks of civil servants, whereby important changes would hâve to be introduced into the conditions of recruitment, training, and career development of the latter.
Les dynamiques contradictoires en œuvre dans l’administration française : un essai d’explication théorique
Authors: Nizard Lucien
Published: January 2024

The countervailing forces in French administration

French administration is shaken by opposing forces which have to be articulated rather than distinguished, since a distinction would contribute to shaping them into two separate realities put side by side, but one incapable of explaining the other. With this in view, the author researches an explaining principle and the components for a theoretical model showing the reasons why French administration is committed to play an active political part on account of the more or less obvious functions it has to assume in the French political System and also by reason of its relations with the social body, the economic System, and what the author calls the ‘French cultures’ (meaning the cultural System).
Investissements étrangers dans les pays en développement : aspects fiscaux internationaux
Authors: Court Jean-François
Published: January 2024

Inversiones extranjeras en los países en desarrollo : aspectos tributarios internacionales.

Inversiones extranjeras revierten por su naturaleza a problemas tributarios internacionales. Eso impone a los países de acogida de las inversiones, y más aún a los países en desarrollo, fundamentales opciones de política económica y tributaria que consideren también las interacciones con el sistema tributario de los países de donde vienen estas inversiones.

Esta interacción podrá reglarse o sea por convenios bilaterales especiales o sea por los más clásicos tratados tributarios. Estos últimos presentan ventajas indeniables para inversionistas extranjeros por las garantías que se les conceden allí.
La réforme de l’administration locale en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, 1957-1980
Authors: Hinings C. Robert
Published: January 2024

Local government in England and Wales : 1957-1980.

The author describes the process of reform in local government in England and Wales. He shows the context in which the reform was started in 1957, and how it was worked out. He analyses its development, showing the obstacles it encountered and the issues which it brought into debate.
Le processus de réforme locale en Espagne
Authors: Morell Ocaña Luis
Published: January 2024

El proceso de reforma local en España.

A pesar de fuertes resistencias heredadas del pasado y del carácter reciente de los cambios aplicados al régimen de las colectividades locales en España, notables esfuerzos han sido ya realizados, principalmente en el campo de la autonomía local. Sin embargo, la experiencia sola permitirá apreciar la eficacia y la eficiencia de dichos cambios, en particular su capacidad para poner en tela de juicio el sistema institucional en su conjunto.
Le processus de réforme communale en France
Authors: Dumas Jean , Sadran Pierre
Published: January 2024

The process of reform of local authorities in France.

Have we, in France, a process of reform or a permanent non-reform ? The authors find the latter to be the case, and attempt to discover the reasons for this situation. They show that in the process which is taking place history and politics are progressively ousting geography and economies. There is a break in the communication between the parties to the negotiation, who are not speaking the same language. There is not, in the process of reform pursued by the Government, a single System of decision, but two (one for the overall design, one for management) ; the delays and adjustments — the permanent non-reform — tend to promote certain changes in the social structuring of the field in which decisions are to be made. It is the failure of the initial ambitions of the government reform which in fact constitute the process of regulation.
Le processus de réforme communale en Italie
Authors: Cassese Sabino
Published: January 2024

The process of local reform in Italy : 1960-1980.

The reforms accomplished in the last twenty years work successively in two opposing directions : towards increased centralisation from 1960 to 1970, and towards increased decentralisation from 1970 to 1980. During both these periods the central issue in debate was the reorganisation of local authority and the constitution of an “intermediary body” between the commune and the region. But twenty years of discussion have given rise only to partial reforms and not to a general reorganisation of local government.
Les entreprises publiques et le concept d’efficacité
Authors: Delion André Georges
Published: January 2024

Public enterprise and performance.

What is meant by efficiency as applied to public enterprise? The very notion of efficiency of the public sector has for a long time given rise to confusion; hence the need for clarification. Nationalizations call for an urgent solution of this issue.

This is attempted through an extremely detailed analysis (of the various aspects of the public enterprise specific concept of efficiency), which draws a line between efficient public and efficient private administration. As a result, a new concept is outlined, incorporating the various targets and criteria sorted out earlier in an original assembly.
La maîtrise de l’État sur les entreprises publiques
Authors: Durupty Michel
Published: January 2024

The sway of the State over public enterprise.

What sort of a control does the State exert over public corporations ? In reply, two aspects are analysed : Public enterprise as a tool of governmental policy and governmental policy regarding public enterprise. It appears in the upshot that State intervention reflects the weaknesses and contradictions of the controling authority. Although the public sector as a whole serves to underpin the economic and social action of govemments, a well-defined public enterprise policy is conspicuous by its absence. Under the previous seven-year presidency there was characteristically enough a complets concordance as regards economic policy between both government and public enterprise. This non-specificity is hence preventing government from steering the national economy through public enterprise, whose strategies and action are pre-eminently in line with those of their private industry counterparts.
Les problèmes financiers des grandes villes
Authors: Richard Pierre
Published: January 2024

Los problemas financieros de las grandes ciudades.

Todas las ciudades en el mundo han hoy día de confrontarse con un desafío mayor, el de una gestión eficaz. En efecto, parece necesario de contener las imposiciones obligatorias cayendo sobre la economía bajo forma de impuestos, para no poner en peligro el sector productor de empleos. Esto necesita la organización de una gestión tan rigorosa qué posible, estricta y económica, para la cual el autor propone un modelo a base de un análisis del ejemplo francés, con las características siguientes : 1° un sistema de control exterior por defensa de las finanzas públicas ; 2° promoción de las relaciones entre el Estado y las ciudades para una maduración de las responsabilidades de cada uno ; 3° el desarrollo de una gestionaría comunal.
La croissance urbaine de Caracas
Authors: Perez Olivares Enrique
Published: January 2024

El crecimiento urbano de Caracas.

Entre 1936 y 1971, la población del Aérea metropolitano de Caracas (AMC) pasó de 273 mil a 2 325 mil habitantes para llegar a 3 330 mil estimados en 1980. Teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones topográficas (de los 66 300 hectáreas que cuenta el AMC, solo 37 200 son urbanizables, 24 000 ya estando construidos), la concentración demográfica es muy fuerte, lo que dificulta el proceso de urbanización. Este último encuentra en el AMC esencialmente tres tipos de dificultades : un porcentaje elevado de marginalidad ; una inadecuación de los servicios ; la vetusta y el retraso en los equipos. Para remediar a estas dificultades y controlar el proceso de urbanización, el VI° Plano a definido región por región un conjunto de objetivos y en particular para el AMC : la creación de subregiones para crear empleos permanentes y correctamente retribuidos fuera del AMC, con autonomía frente al AMC pero integrándose sin embargo en la economía nacional ; la construcción de un sistema de transportes regional, integrando varios medios.
La politique culturelle française
Authors: Holleaux André
Published: January 2024

La politica cultural francesa.

Este articulo, al dar un vastisimo panorama de la política cultural francesa, analiza sis grandes líneas de ella, indicando para cada una las principales orientaciones seguidas desde el ministerio de André Malraux, así como los principales problemas encontrados. Se discutan así la política patrimonial nacional, el eje liberal de la política cultural francesa, la puesta de relieve de identidades culturales nacionales y locales, la política musical, cinematográfica y la decentralización.
Le développement de la politique culturelle en Égypte
Authors: El Dine Gamal
Published: January 2024

Development of cultural policy in Egypt.

This paper discusses the 1954 founded Egyptian ministry of culture’s activity which has evolved along two main lines : the development of audio-visual media, radio and TV, and the collection and preservation of national monuments and inherited works of art. This has in particular contributed to the introduction of an important change in rural modes of life and thinking. The promotion of living arts has led to the establishment of Egyptian cultural centres abroad to présent both Egyptian culture and traditions.
Les instituts italiens de la Culture à l’étranger : une mission impossible ?
Authors: Romano Sergio
Published: January 2024

The italian cultural centres abroad, an impossible mission, Sergio Romano.

After the second world war, Italian cultural policy abroad was radically changing by discontinuing to serve political window-dressing purposes while upholding, nevertheless, the general trend towards recuperating the great literary and artistic tradition for determining and upbuilding Italian cultural presence worldwide as inherited from the Unità movement. As the authors States, this policy is dictated both by its past and by parallel endeavours by its rivais, in particular the French and German Cultural Centres whose performance is taken as a yardstick for self-evaluation purposes.
Politisation de la fonction publique et alternance en France
Authors: Costa Jean-Paul
Published: January 2024

El Ministerio de Educación Nacional, de lejos el mayor empresario de Francia (un millón de empleados) cuenta unos cincuenta empleos a la discreción del gobierno.

En el momento de la alternancia de mayo de 1981, la filosofía relativa a estos empleos era : es legítimo cambiar algunos titulares de estos empleos, es necesario hacerlo rápidamente (a nueva política, hombres nuevos) ; hay que hacerlo cuando estos altos funcionarios aunque legales, son no credibles ; ellos mismos pueden y deben dimitir si se encuentran mal a gusto ; por fin se tienen que tratar lo más humanamente los altos funcionarios remplazados.

Se aplicó esta filosofia : en el año que sucedió a las elecciones de mayo-junio de 1981, 60 % de los directores, un poco más de 60 % de los rectores, 30 % de los directores de establecimientos públicos administrativos dimitieron o fueron remplazados. Es una proporción importante, pero poco superior a lo que sucedió durante alternancias menos radicales.

En fin, si se comentan estos cambios, se debe estimar que fueron operados de manera no sistemática y sin sectarismo, que los altos funcionarios remplazados han sido tratados humanamente y que muchos de ellos han sido el objeto de halagüeños nombramientos, que solo los empleos a la discreción del gobierno dieron lugar a emplazamientos y que por fin los nuevos titulares, si parte de ellos tenían simpatías por el nuevo poder o una sensibilidad claramente cercana de él, fueron contratados sobre criterios de competencia a los que, en mayoría, respondieron.
Progrès et lacunes des données statistiques sur l’activité médicale
Authors: Delanoé Jean-Yves , Rochefort Robert
Published: January 2024

Headway and handicaps in health care statistics.

In-house statistical services for social security and guardianship administration have shown strong sustained growth in the past decade. Such services were started decades after comparable services for business, industry and agriculture. Quality has improved and the scope of investigation has broadened despite recent budget restrictions.

However :

1. Statistical services grew in specific directions that served the purposes of the sponsoring institutions : the regulation of health care made available, and hospital management and, on the other hand, a detailed knowledge of private practice to lay the groundwork for fee-setting negotiations. Such institutional thinking has not monopolized ail statistical investigation for the past 10 years, yet it does predominate.

2. French physicians enjoy privileged social status that prevents any outside body from exerting true control over the profession. For example, the NGAP standard fees list acts as a buffer that mediates transactions between the profession and the social security administration. The jurisdiction of the Medical Association is yet another way the medical community polices itself and prevents intervention from external societal bodies.

For these reasons, it remains very difficult to collect some data certain statisticians consider useful to forming a representative picture of health care institution clienteles, especially the most ‘medical’ of all data : diagnoses.
Le droit de l’audiovisuel, entre la politique et la technique
Authors: Holleaux André
Published: January 2024

Communications Legislation, Politics and Technology.

Communications are governed by two 1986 laws that have yielded a complex body of regulations often awkward and unrealistic. Communications law is young and sinuous but continuous: initial non-regulation gave way to the arrival, rise and fall of the state monopoly. It also has political overtones affecting the very principles of democracy, which explains why its actual provisions are overshadowed by its symbolic value, and the need for bodies such as the Commission Nationale de la Communication et des Libertés. The concept of public service itself has become controversial and a point-by-point comparison of public and private broadcasting is given. Lastly, technological developments risk outdating communications legislation at short notice. However, legislators might eventually abandon complex legislation in favour of a handful of simple guidelines.
Le point de vue d’un journaliste de l’audiovisuel : M. Bruno Masure
Authors: Masure Bruno
Published: January 2024

Bruno Masure, A TV Journalist Speaks His Mind.

Journalists are for asking questions, if not demanding explanations, from ‘leading figures’ and reporting on events. This requires courage and mental discipline. Small but powerful, television confers particularly high responsibilities on TV journalists. Although political pressure is easily a thing of the past, economic and technological constraints persist.
Une expérience pilote : le 27e bataillon de chasseurs alpins
Authors: Guisnel Jean
Published: January 2024

Emancipated Administration of the 27th Mountain Battalion.

The 27th Mountain Battalion (Annecy) is being administered in a novel way. He calls for tenders and commits funds on his own authority for local procurement of most supplies (except fuel). This enhances battalion integration into the local economy. Any savings are re-allocated at the discretion of the unit commander. In addition, contract followup and cash flow are microprocessed.
Fonction publique et efficacité sociale
Authors: Le Pors Anicet
Published: January 2024

The Civil Service and Social Efficacy.

Between the lack of realism of the liberal position and an apology of the State, there is room for clear analysis and proper control of the modem functions of the State as far as the search for social efficacy is concerned - a complex objective which goes beyond the highly limited one of cost-effectiveness. Neither economie assumptions nor multiple-criteria assessment are good enough for deciding or evaluating socially effective action. The public sector should set an example and provide the lead in the search for efficacy. For the public sector is and ought to remain the seat of scientific and technological progress ; a laboratory for the exercise of greater rationality in the choice, management, and evaluation of public policy ; and a place where a high degree of even-handedness prevails in the State’s relations with the governed. It is important to reaffirm and defend the French approach to the civil service, which is today confronted from the inside by social challenges and political criticism and threatened from the outside by the European dimension.
Formation des cadres au management et collaboration institutionnelle : deux expériences de l’ENAP du Québec en Afrique
Authors: Bruneau Juliette L.
Published: January 2024

Management training for officiais and institutional coopération : the dual expérience of Quebec’s ENAP in Africa.

This article describes two expériences led by Quebec’s ENAP in Africa : cooperation with Maghreb ENA and Management training for senior civil servants in Africa. The author raises questions rather than gives answers. Management development and development management are the two pôles of intervention of the ENAP.
Italie : comment coordonner opérateurs publics et privés ?
Authors: Corbani Gianmario
Published: January 2024

Italy : How should the activities of public and private operators be coordinated ?

Italian co-operation is the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It involves a variety of actors, each with an independent set of goals. «Institutional operators» provide training and assist in the reorganization of the civil service. The government supports and partially finances the operations conducted by the ‘project operators’, especially in the fïeld of training. The large Italian companies provide indirect assistance in the fleld of public sector management, by organizing management training as well as courses in human resources management.
La coopération administrative entre la CEE et les États d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique dans le cadre de la Convention de Lomé
Authors: Auclert André
Published: January 2024

Administrative co-operation between the EEC and the African, Caribbean and Pacific States (ACP) under the Lomé Convention

Administrative co-operation forms the core of the operations financed by the European Development Fund (EDF). The assistance provided by the EEC to the public services of the ACP States can either accompany specific operations linked to the implémentation of development programmes and projects ; take the form of a specific project for developing the management skills of a department of public service ; or form part of a planned sériés of concerted actions aimed at revamping and rationalizing administrative structures. Coupled with this co-operation, the author underlines the need to stick to the original management tools used in implementing financial and technical co-operation, and shows how these original arrangements work in the administration of public contracts. In his conclusion, the author urges the negotiators at Lomé IV to consider ways of making better use of national human ressources so as to promote a genuine spirit of reciprocity and partnership between the foreign teams of technocrats and national civil servants and thereby enhance the effectiveness of administrative co-operation.
Le rôle du droit dans la formation des fonctionnaires en Allemagne fédérale
Authors: Lecheler Helmut
Published: January 2024

The Role of Law in the training of German Civil Servants.

The German Civil Service is characterized by the distinction between civil servants (who are governed by public law) and employees (who are governed by private law). The level of education and training required to enter the Civil Service is laid down in a detailed set of regulations. High-ranking and senior civil servants have traditionally been trained essentially in administrative law. This practice has come in for a fair amount of criticism, all the more so as Germany has since the 19th century maintained a strict separation between administrative law and the other disciplines relating to Public Administration. However, a convincing reform proposal has yet to be advanced.
La fonction publique territoriale : enjeux de la formation au management
Authors: Ronxin Colette
Published: January 2024

The Local Civil Service : Issues Involved in Management Training.

The Centre national de la fonction publique territoriale (CNFPT — a local civil service organization) successfully organizes a mid-career training course for the supervisory staff of the more important local authorities. Designed to meet the new needs created by decentralization at a moment when local finances are in a troubled state, this local management course makes wide use of methods directly related to administrative practice (case studies, simulations and field projects), improves trainees’ knowledge of the workings of local authorities and increases their self confidence.
Télécommunications et développement : mission impossible ?
Authors: Ghébali Victor-Yves
Published: January 2024

Telecommunications and Socio-economic Development : an Impossible Mission ?

Victor-Yves Ghebali

In the exercise of its functions relating to the promotion of telecommunications in the Third World, the International Telecommunications Union adopts a two-pronged approach which consists, at the theoretical level, in defining the relationship between telecommunications and development and, at the operational level, in providing technical cooperation services. While the connection between telecommunications and development still remains to be irrefutably demonstrated, the financing of telecommunications investments (in hard currency) is proving to be an insurmountable obstacle for the developing countries.
Le prix de la nature : l’évaluation du patrimoine naturel
Authors: Remond-Gouilloud Martine
Published: January 2024

The Cost of Nature : Assessing the Natural Environment Martine.

Should the natural environment be assessed and if so how ? There is no dearth of objections. Any attempt to assess ecological damage risks being arbitrary, as the renewal of nature does not follow accounting rules, and useless because nature does renew itself. And how would one translate an assessment, which has a global frame of reference, into individual compensation and penalties ? From a methodological standpoint, theoretical and abstract approaches do not find favour with legal experts even though they are simple and relatively fair. But these difficulties may be overcome if society really does decide to repair the damage inflicted on one of its assets.
De l’«évaluation» des projets à leur «analyse économique». Par qui ? Pour qui ? Pour quoi faire ?
Authors: Bridier Manuel
Published: January 2024

From the Evaluation of Projects to their Economic Analysis

The experience of economic analysis of investment projects in the developing countries in Africa shows a growing gap between the soundness of the model and the way these investments have been implemented : it is the case with project evaluations based on the «method of effects» or the «method of reference prices». In the 1980s, we witnessed a questioning of projects in the development process and of structural adjustment programs underscoring the preeminence of a global financial macro-economic approach. But new stakes have appeared, justifying the need for a new approach toward project analysis, in a context characterized by the growing number of diverse actors. economic approach. But new stakes have appeared, justifying the need for a new approach toward project analysis, in a context characterized by the growing number of diverse actors.
Allemagne fédérale. Formation des hauts fonctionnaires et «flexibilité» de la gestion : vers une nouvelle politique du personnel ?
Authors: Siedentopf Heinrich , Hauschild Christoph
Published: January 2024

The Federal Republic of Germany Training of Top Civil Servants and Flexible Management : Towards a New Policy for Civil Service

The move towards the modernization of public services in the Federal Republic of Germany stems less from a common strategy than from a variety of experiments, the progress of which differs according to the sectors. This effort to modernize tends to replace the negative view of the Civil Service (as a cost factor), with a positive view based on the «Human Resource Development» concept. There should be greater flexibility when recruiting as well as when managing staff. The creation of the Civil Service Academy in Baden-Wurttemberg and of a Civil Service College in Rhineland-Palatinate shows that there is a reform movement in the field of training civil service managers.
L’administration d’un tribunal de grande instance
Authors: Léger Philippe
Published: January 2024

Administration of the Court of First Instance.

Administrating a Court of First Instance is a complex undertaking. Jurisdictional heads are granted management autonomy which requires a knowledge of the judicial needs in the court’s geographic jurisdiction. Budgetary procedures have remained complex and too centralized for large operations. Forecasts, when they involve human resources, are particularly difficult. The author advocates defining a ‘jurisdictional project’, including work organization objectives, job rationalization, improving reception conditions, etc.
Quels moyens ? Pour quels objectifs ?
Authors: Chabanol Daniel
Published: January 2024

What Means? To Which Ends?

Administrative justice has succeeded in modernizing and adapting to the increasing number of cases involving disputes while maintaining its specificity and independence. Nevertheless, the autonomy and cohesion of the jurisdiction must be reinforced. In addition, means available to first instance judges remain inadequate, which has resulted in long delays in handing down judgements. Adequate procedures should in order to be able to respond to emergency situations. Lastly, optimal execution of the judges’ decisions requires a strengthening of their powers with regard to the administration.
Les campagnes de communication publique d’intérêt général. De l’usage paradoxal de la communication publicitaire
Authors: Bal Josèphe , Rolando Stefano
Published: January 2024

Government Communication Campaigns in the Public Interest

The leading French advertiser, the government, undertakes some thirty campaigns annually. What is their legitimacy and scientific basis ? Do they correspond to the needs ? Who defines them and how ? What share is granted to the media and what role do they play ?
Vers la banalisation des procédures ?
Authors: Bille Jacques
Published: January 2024

The Government as Advertiser : Procedural Developments

A long-time beneficiary of privileged conditions, outside of common law, public communication is becoming commonplace. Its procedures acquiesce to the rules of the market, even if its objectives remain specific. In a democracy, isn’t this the price to be paid for legitimacy ?
L’exemple du ministère de l’économie, des finances et du budget
Authors: Candiard Bernard
Published: January 2024

Selecting a Communication Service Organization : the Ministry of Finance

Determining what type of organization to select is a very central question for a communication service and the success of its activities. Based on an initial assessment, what communication strategy should be adopted, which type of organization should be selected, how can central and decentralized structures be connected ?
Impact et sens. L’évaluation de la communication publique
Authors: Champris Arnaud de
Published: January 2024

Impact and Meaning : Development of and Research into Public Communication Assessment Methods

Over the last ten years, European sensitivities and mentalities have evolved. In light of these changes, are the tools for measuring, controlling, and assessing, and thus, for formulating public communication still as performant ? Wouldn’t it be advisable to re-evaluate the reliability and validity of the system, qualitatively and quantitatively ? On the other hand, it is necessary to implement means of evaluating the real impact of communication not directly endorsed by the market. A new question arises : that of interpretation and meaning.
Afrique subsaharienne : compenser un déficit structurel de ressources au Sénégal
Authors: Diop Abdoul Aziz
Published: January 2024

Compensating for a Structural Resource Deficit in Senegal. Senegal requires approximately 200 billion CFA francs annually. Today, the country cannot count solely on the State but must encourage direct private investment. To this end, the government of Senegal has implemented an investment code and undertaken to simplify its legislation.
Le marché dans les relations entre pays industrialisés et en développement
Authors: Schaffer Helmut
Published: January 2024

The Market in the Relations between Developed and Developing Countries. There is no reasonable alternative to implementing a market System with social and ecological responsibility in the developing countries. It is for the assisting nations to support this process in their cooperation policies. All of these efforts will come to naught, however, if there are no basic conditions on the international economic level to permit developing countries to sell their products, so far as they are competitive, on the markets of the industrialized countries.
Un double principe de subsidiarité
Authors: Gentot Michel
Published: January 2024

A Double Principle of Subsidiarity. Even if State in France must be renovated and must restore equilibrium in some areas, we cannot really speak in terms of crisis. In addition to certain functions of sovereignty, State is also a long-term depositary, including in terms of social and economic development. State can only survive under suspicious conditions and impose its image on its citizens through a permanent effort at adaptation.
Des hommes pour la crise
Authors: Monchal Marc
Published: January 2024

Men for Crisis General

Called upon to play an essential role in managing crisis situations, armies must ensure that their personnel are capable of adapting to the unforeseen. To accomplish this, they provide special training for both men and women, and implement structured organizations to facilitate human adaptability to events. The current development of our societies requires that they perfect their crisis management capabilities.
La crise au quotidien
Authors: Rannou Jean
Published: January 2024

Day-to-Day Crisis

Over the next few years, armed forces will undergo a profound change as their rôles evolve but also because of technical developments. They must adapt, using the opportunities offered by the technological environment to their best advantage, and make substantial efforts towards improving the three basis functions of information, logistics and information communication Systems.
Épilogue sur un monde nouveau
Authors: David Dominique
Published: January 2024

Epilog for a New World

With the blocs collapse and the increasing number of strategic actors in Europe, conflict hypotheses are myriad. This upheaval requires redefining the main functions of our defense capabilities and the drawing up of a strategy for domestic consumption which would permit a new consensus of the French people with regard to the use of the armed forces and their relationship to foreign policy, aid to development, and disarmament to emerge.
Administration publique et intérêts en Italie
Authors: Cassese Sabino
Published: January 2024

Public Administration and Public Interests in Italy

The Italian situation is characterized by a “soft” administration and a weak bureaucracy, which plays only a passive role. The need to find outside support is a consequence of this weakness in public administration. As a consequence, sectoral interests prevail and administration, which loses its specifie characteristics, is becoming a market or an “arena”. Administration thus appears to be a network of exchanges between innumerable interest groups.
Au cœur du processus de décision européen : le Comité des représentants permanents (COREPER)
Authors: Rutten Charles , Ziller Jacques
Published: January 2024

At the Center of the European Decision making Process : the Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

Formally, the role of COREPER is to prepare Council decisions. In practice, however, COREPER is responsible for attempting to resolve problems and not only to prepare discussions. COREPER members, thus, hold community and national responsibilities. The permanent representatives also play the role of mediators between government and members of parliament, in particular to explain to MEPs the positions of governments that they represent. The increasing divergence in political and administrative cultures, the language problem, difficult to resolve with the progressive enlargement of the EC could lead to the asphyxiation of community procedures unless the EC untertakes substantial structural reforms.
Démocratie et réformes administratives : les cas de l’Argentine et de l’Uruguay
Authors: Ouelette Roger
Published: January 2024

Democracy and Administrative Reforms : the Cases of Argentina and Uruguay

After several years of successive military regimes, Argentina and Uruguay returned to democracy, in 1983 and 1984 respectively. The civil service was then in the image of the dictatorial societies : the ‘spoils System’, over-crowded and underpaid staff, corruption, etc. French-inspired reforms were undertaken with the establishment of a training program for higher civil servants and the creation of an interministerial body in Argentina. In these two countries, however, the reform process was interrupted. it seems that it has not yet succeeded in changing the political culture.
Simplification des procédures et innovation administrative : l’expérience tunisienne
Authors: Ben Farhat Noureddine
Published: January 2024

Simplification of Procedures and Administrative Innovation : the Tunisian Experience

Since 1987, the Tunisian government has undertaken a public service revival policy. Simplification of procedures and formalities are the key elements of the administrative reform. The Tunisian approach in terms of simplification is methodical and participatory. This is reflected in the creation of ‘simplification workshops’. The results are already largely positive.
Le Commissaire parlementaire pour l’administration au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Reid William
Published: January 2024

The Parliamentary Commissioner for administration in the UK.

Since the Parliamentary Commissioner was established in 1967 as an expression of Parliamentary control over Government, its jurisdiction has considerably expanded. It has a dual role : first he aims to redress the grievances due to misadministration ; secondly, he identifies causes of injustice and recomands solutions, which are in most of the cases, accepted and implemented. Considering the development of executive agencies, the role of the Parliamentary Commissioner becomes still more significant in helping to ensure that appropriate standards of public probity and fairness will be maintained.
La médiation à l’échelon régional : l’expérience italienne des Difensori Civici
Authors: Sacchetti Maria-Chiara
Published: January 2024

The Italian Experiment in Difensori Civici.

The institution of difensore civico appeared in a political and cultural context during the implementation of regional reform. At first grafted onto the administrative organization of three regions, it was later extended to nearly the entire country. Its jurisdiction, limited to regional administration, exceeded in practice the strict boundaries it had been granted. Paradoxically, however, and in a sudden and inexplicable reversal, the legislator recently halted its development and reduced its potential, rendering the citizen’s finding his way through the legal labyrinth even more daunting.
Le Défenseur du peuple espagnol et la justice
Authors: Gil Robles Alvaro
Published: January 2024

The Defender of the People and Justice.

The Defender of the People has been established under the 1978 Constitution, and defined as a Parliamentarily-elected commissioner ensuring respect of civil rights and freedoms. He controls the administration and informs Parliament of his activities. His jurisdiction extends to ail administrations. Although he cannot or should not intervene in the powers of the judiciary, he can investigate the defects of judicial procedures, according to specifie procedures. Far from being a source of tension, the intervention of the Defender of the People in the judicial area has proved to be a positive influence.
Contrôle, évaluation, inspection
Authors: Pattyn Christian
Published: January 2024

Control, Evaluation, Inspection.

Control, evaluation and inspection functions are particularly acute ones for cultural affairs administration. They deal with a multiplicity of organizations more or less linked to the ministerial department. Furthermore, the mere question of administrative control is a delicate one in the context of the necessary freedom of cultural choice. This could explain the ambiguities in the legal and conceptual framework of control, evaluation and inspection functions. A better use of these functions within the Ministry of culture is subject to two conditions : development of training and a clarification of competences.
La réforme «managérialiste» du Civil Service britannique depuis 1979 : Limites pratiques
Authors: Keraudren Philippe
Published: January 2024

Managerialist Reform of the British Civil Service since 1979 : practical limits.

Since Mrs Thatcher came to power, managerialism is officially presented as the only intellectual source of Civil Service reform. Management has been used to achieve two objectives : rolling back the State, and having a better State. As far as the first one is concerned, notwithstanding privatizations and public service contractualization, and although the number of civil servants has dramatically decreased, public expenditure continued their progression, and the rate of Civil Service costs within public expenditure stagnated. For second objective, wasting has been reduced and cost rationalization has given appreciable results. But actions on administrative organization and human resources did not bring the achievements which were looked for.
La formation des fonctionnaires de l’État chinois. De l’instruction politico-idéologique à la formation professionnelle
Authors: Zhu Guobin
Published: January 2024

Training Policy and Practice and Civil Service Reform in Chinese Government.

China is engaged in important economical and political reforms, and undertakes a radical restructuring of its civil service at the same time. In this context, implementing a new status for civil servants and introducing new training practices tends to enhance administrative productivity and foster relations with the public. Career civil servants and political officials are distinguished among government officers, local institutes of administration are to be created in a sufficient number, a more decentralized management of human resources has to be introduced, and civil servants have to be aware of the needs of socialist legality.
L’influence de l’intégration européenne
Authors: Battini Stefano
Published: January 2024

The Influence of European Integration

European integration influences the Italian administration in three ways, directly or indirectly. Taking interests in account strengthens the organic links between national and community administrations ; it also leads, functionally, to the development of complex procedures which go through both levels — national and supranational. The role of public authorities in the economy is being modified : numerous old schemes and direct modes of intervention have been replaced by indirect ones. Centre-periphery relationships have changed too : a new system of competences — exclusive and concurring — is being set up, with numerous structural adaptations, new instruments, new interventions and objectives to be coordinated between various levels of government.