bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Deutschland geplante Factory Outlet Center
Authors: Kleine Klaus , Offermanns Thomas
Published: March 2010

The sheer number of planning applications for factory outlet centres, representing for Germany a new type of commercial operation, and the impacts such developments are feared to exert have placed FOC at the centre of a controversial and frequently extremely heated debate. The paucity of the information currently available on projects currently in the planning stage in Germany provided the starting point for a diploma dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Spatial Planning at the University of Dortmund with the title “Prospects of Factory Outlet Centres in Germany”. At the centre of this study was an empirical analysis (completed in March 1999) of the centres currently in planning. The findings of this study are reported in this article; however, in view of the rapid pace of developments in this field, in some respects the study has to be seen as no more than a snap-shot.
Mitwirkung der Raumordnung bei der Bestimmung von FFH-und Europäischen Vogelschutzgebieten
Authors: Schmidt Albert
Published: March 2010

The transposition into national law of the EU's FFH and Conservation of Wild Birds Derective has involved the introduction of a number of new duties and legal consequences (such as environmental impact assessments, protection of habitats and prohibitions on inpairment) affecting conservation and regional planning. The first part of this article is concerned with duties of notification and protection and with EIAs for projects and plans, and with the technical criteria and procedure for selecting areas for the “Natura 2000” network. The second part of the article discusses ways in which the goals of regional planning should be taken into account in selecting suitable sites, the implementation of Natura 2000 within state development plans and regional plans, and the pros and cons of a spatial-planning-oriented procedure.
Der Regionale Flächennutzungsplan: Potenziale, Probleme und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Koch M.A. Robert
Published: March 2010

The “Regional Land Use Plan” (or „Regional Masterplan” — Gm. Regionaler Flächennutzungsplan) has been introduced to link regional and urban planning. Legislation (Section 9 VI of the German Federal Regional Planning Act — Raumordnungsgesetz-ROGJ requires this plan to be applied to entire regions and to comply with regional (ROG) and urban planning law (the Federal Building Code — Baugesetzbuch-BauGB). Due to its complexity, the Länder, regions and municipalities have not yet implemented regional masterplans. However, such plans could be simplified by suitable modifications, such as different levels of planning scales and concepts, as proposed by interviewed planners, since better results and efficiency and greater acceptance of this new plan type will depend significantly on closer co-operation among the municipalities in terms of planning concepts and strategies.
Nachhaltige Raumentwicklung: Konzept für ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsprogramm
Authors: Wegener Michael , Spiekermann Klaus
Published: March 2010

Spatial aspects of spatial development will become a key question of social debate in the coming decades. However, substantial research deficits exist with respect to the interaction between human activities in space and their economic, social and ecological impacts. Obviously, these issues cannot be resolved by individual disciplines, but require a holistic research approach. The article presents an outline of such an interdisciplinary research programme.
Regionalisierung als Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeit im Bereich der industriellen Produktion
Authors: Graehl Sven , Fichtner Wolf , Rentz Otto
Published: March 2010

In the field of industrial production, the concept of regionalising economic activities (e.g. by exploiting the scope to close material cycles) offers great potential as a means of supporting sustainable macro-economic development; nonetheless, this potential tends to be ignored. The explanation for this is to be found in the myriad barriers which exist. Thus the main object of this article is to identify in a systematic fashion the personal, intra-organisational, inter-organisational and structural barriers which impede regionalisation in the field of industrial production; this identification is based on a systematic analytical raster transferable to materially related questions. Based on the analysis of the obstacles thus identified, it is then possible to identify from the perspective of industry the areas which need to be given priority status as the focus of measures to support the realisation of concepts of regional economy. This study draws on the results of a survey of 25 representatives of industry conducted as part of a research project supported by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (the BMBF).
Planungsstrategien zum Wirtschaftsverkehr in Metropolregionen
Authors: Dörr Heinz
Published: March 2010

Most traffic springs from economic motivations (commuters, shoppers, occupational traffic) or at least has economic consequences (e.g. leisure and tourist traffic). Accordingly, any transport policy that includes the economic component needs to delimit business traffic to reflect the needs of business, both employers and employees, and consumers. Participants in the transport policy discourse have thus agreed to talk of “necessary traffic” when it comes to urban conglomerates. SMEs, which are among the main providers of urban core workplaces and which offer a broad range of consumer goods and services to their immediate vicinity, are especially affected by an inadequately functioning urban street network and by access restrictions. Several urban regions in Europe, among them London, Paris, Munich and Vienna, were in the early 1990s faced with the need to address the problem of business traffic, in order to respond to international competition between business locations and an increasingly critical traffic situation.
Stadt und Natur — Dichotomie, Kontinuum, soziale Konstruktion?
Authors: Chilla Tobias
Published: March 2010

The concepts “City” and “Nature” are used as contrasts both in habitual language and in urban research discourses. At the same time there exist multifaceted conjunctions between these seemingly dichotomous categories: planning of municipal parks, research in urban ecology, and debates on urban sustainability are just some examples. While approaching the relationship of city and nature, urban research claims that temporarily valid understandings of nature are nothing given. Nature, especially in urban spaces, is hardly ever pristine and self-acting. Rather, the understanding and the use of “Nature” is strongly associated to societal preferences, to Zeitgeist, and to ever changing frameworks. The article at hand first illustrates and resumes these conjunctions, before it outlines the discussion on the “social construction of nature”. This evolving research approach aims to consider these aspects on a conceptual level.
Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels auf Umwelt- und Naturschutz
Authors: Heiland Stefan , Regener Maren , Stutzriemer Sylke
Published: March 2010

A detailed study of available literature within a scientific research project revealed that neither in science nor in practice a discussion evolved concerning the impact of demographic changes on environmental and nature conservation issues to date. This is exacerbated by the fact that demographic change is only one factor amongst others that affects environment and nature. Therefore, no direct causal connection between demographic changes and the environmental condition can be drawn.

Nevertheless, an impact of the demographic changes on environmental and nature conservation issues can yet be expected for the future. In order to evaluate the chances and risks for environment and nature and to respond appropriately to them it is important to integrate environmental and nature conservation issues into today's scientific, planning and political discussion on this topic.
Das Produktionscluster der optischen Industrie im Raum Wetzlar
Authors: Moßig Ivo , Klein Jörg
Published: March 2010

Production clusters are gaining increasing attention on the part of regional economic policy makers. With reference to the exemplary model of the production cluster in the optical industry in the Wetzlar region, this article intends to show that definite starting points for a cluster-oriented regional policy can be derived by systematically inquiring into the existing networks and linkages within a cluster. Due to the historical development and growth of the local enterprises and institutions, special consideration will be given to the evolutionary development of a cluster or its regional development path.
Erweiterungen kommunaler Handlungsspielräume durch die Europäische Förderpolitik
Authors: Rolfes Manfred
Published: March 2010

This paper examines the question of to what extent the subsidies available from the European Union provide a larger scope of action to local authorities. This was studied for the case of Oldenburg, a city in north-western Lower Saxony. The object of the studies was an inventory of all EU projects in the city of Oldenburg in the period from 1997 to 2002, and a quantitative analysis of seven selected EU projects. The study concludes that municipal efforts to obtain EU subsidies are well worthwhile. Many EU projects in Oldenburg target typical municipal fields of policy and action, such as urban development, promotion of economic development, social integration, and vocational qualifications. However, effective municipal involvement in obtaining EU funds also requires a qualified and differentiated advisory service.
Komponenten des demographischen Wandels und die räumliche Perspektive
Authors: Kemper Franz-Josef
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Die neue Raumordnungsprognose des BBR
Authors: Bucher Hansjörg , Schlömer Claus
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Transnationale Zusammenarbeit zur Raumentwicklung — Herausbildung, Stand und Perspektiven bis 2013
Authors: Ahlke Brigitte , Görmar Wilfried , Kurnol Jens , Schäfer Nicole
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice prespective
Nationaler Strategischer Rahmenplan — ein neues Koordinierungsinstrument in der europäischen Strukturpolitik 2007+
Authors: Zarth Michael
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Indikatoren zur Beurteilung und Steuerung einer nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung in NRW
Authors: Birkmann Jörn , Finke Lothar
Published: March 2010

Fleshing out and implementing the sustainable development principle atLand and regional levels (as required under section 1 of the Federal Spatial Planning Act) calls for appropriate instruments to be introduced to provide information and evaluation and thus to map the key aspects of sustainable development and quantify the progress which has been made to date. In this context great importance is attached to indicators. Although indicators have been in use in spatial planning for over 25 years, the development of sustainability indicators is still in its infancy. Numerous projects are currently dedicated to finding comprehensive means of measuring sustainable development. The research project discussed in the present article differs from these projects in its orientation to providing the concrete details of what sustainable spatial development means for regional planning in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Die Vorbereitung der naturschutzrechtlichen Eingriffsregelung durch die Regionalplanung
Authors: Rößling Holger
Published: March 2010

Compensation measures have to be carried out under the regulations on impact regulation within the German nature protection law. In many cases these measures have a great impact on the regional land use situation as well as contributing to the development of the landscape in the affected area. For this reason a greater emphasis should be put on the strategic preparation of these developments on the regional planning level. This article explains the tasks of landscape and spatial planning for the preparation of the impact regulation on the regional level.
Regional governance — ein neues Paradigma der Regionalwissenschaften?
Authors: Fürst Dietrich
Published: March 2010

Regional governance defines weakly institutionalised, network-oriented modes of cooperation between regional actors to achieve common goals of regional development. The scientific discussion on proficiency and coherence of regional governance is still in its infancy. However, there are related theoretical approaches like milieu-theory, learning-regionconception, regulation-school, regime-theory. In the article the peculiarities of regional governance are analysed. Open research questions identified refer to structural elements of governance, issue-selectivity, embeddedness in existing institutions, division of labor with other regional modes of governance, inherent dynamics, legitimization, contribution to regional development and the role of the state.
Planungszyklus für eine zukunftsfähige Entwicklung von Stadtregionen
Authors: Weiland Ulrike
Published: March 2010

In this article a planning cycle for a sustainable development of urban regions is presented, in which current changes of spatial planning are linked with elements of the sustainable development debate. In subsequent phases the planning cycle comprises a strategic orientation to sustainable development objectives, the use of economic management instruments, formal and informal planning instruments as well as an evaluation of the spatial development results by indicators of sustainable development. Finally, remaining open questions are mentioned.
Regionalisierung der Städte
Authors: Kühn Manfred
Published: March 2010

In current discourses on regionalisation, the city and its hinterland are no longer viewed in terms of an opposition between the centre and the periphery, but are rather interpreted as one single spatial unit. Recent conceptions of the city and also other spatial constructs — such as the regional city, theZwischenstadt, the network city and theRandstad — define urban space on a broader scale invoking the notion of the city-region. This analysis of discourses traces the shifts in patterns of perception, of ordering and of interpretation in spatial research and spatial planning with regard to suburban settlement development in both western and eastern Germany since 1990. It identifies a number of different normative positions („urban sprawl” vs. „newgestalt”), as well as pointing to the different courses of development which have taken place in western and eastern Germany. The article closes with a critical reflection on the tendency in evidence in discourses on regionalisation to equate the city and the city-region.
Schlussfolgerungen aus der Theorie endogenen Wachstums für eine ausgleichende Regionalpolitik
Authors: Bröcker Johannes
Published: March 2010

According to New Growth Theory one can not rely on the convergence mechanisms inherent in traditional constant returns to scale models in neoclassic. Convergence as well as divergence is possible, in general, depending on the assumptions about technology, factor mobility and ease of knowledge diffusion. The paper shows by a two-regions endogenous growth model when divergence, convergence or stable centre-periphery structure emerges. Based on this model, regional policy aiming at regional equity — though desirable for distributive reasons — contradicts the efficiency objective: as far as the spatial allocation in market equilibrium is inefficient at all, more inequality rather than less is required to enhance efficiency.
Zum Verhältnis zwischen EU-Regionalpolitik und nationaler Regionalförderung
Authors: Tetsch Friedemann
Published: March 2010

For many years, the EU Commission has pursued a policy of marginalising the role of the Member States in the field of regional policy. This article sets out the implications of the centralistic approach adopted by the EU Commission for regional development policy within Germany, highlighting the conflicts which ensue in the relationship between the Federal and Land (state) governments, on the one hand, and between the Federal government and the Commission. In view of the impending enlargment of the EU to the east, the author identifies an urgent need for a fundamental overhaul of EU structural policy, and equally for a new approach at EU level to controlling the provision of regional aid within Member States.
Die Kontrolle nationaler Regionalbeihilfen in der Europäischen Union
Authors: Karl Helmut
Published: March 2010

Controls at EU level of the provision of regional development aid within Member States represent a key task of European integration. However, the goals pursued by the Commission in undertaking such controls relate to both economic competitiveness and to regional policy. Consequently, the Commission has to accept on regional-policy grounds that competitiveness within the European single market will be distorted as a result of commercially based investment grants, even though this disadvantage of regional aid could be avoided through the use of infrastructure grants. Moreover, EU controls of national development aid force regional policy at national level to adopt the model of European cohesion policy and thus enhance the position of the EU as the provider of its own grants to support regional policy.
Verkürzung von Nutzungszyklen bei Gewerbeimmobilien — ein Problem für die Stadtplanung?
Authors: Bunzel Arno , Henckel Dietrich
Published: March 2010

Against the background of legislative considerations to introduce a temporary building law, the article considers the question whether shortened cycles of use really exist for commercial property and which possibilities to control them would be available. In contrast to generally accepted theses there is largely no empirical evidence to determine whether and to what extent shortened cycles of use exist and which dimension these shortened cycles of use have in temporal and quantitative terms (the extent to which locations and branches are affected). It is true that there are a number of plausible clues that indicate a shortening of cycles of use in parts of the commercial property market. Generally legal and economic policy options are already available for such cases today. Complementary legal instruments are only required for a few special cases, otherwise there is merely a need for helpful measures that support the existing set of instruments.
Die regionalen Rates of Return der öffentlichen Hochschulfinanzierung
Authors: Rosner Ulf , Weimann Joachim
Published: March 2010

This article examines the short-term regional economic effect of universities. The methodology used differs substantially from previous studies as it focuses on the additional resources attracted to the region by the establishment of universities. The effects of the attracted resources are therefore related to the basic financing provided by the federal state (Land). We call these relations the regional rates of return on university financing. We demonstrate the regional rates of return using the experience of the Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg and the college of higher education Magdeburg-Stendal as examples. The results indicate that the financing of universities is an effective means to create both jobs and economic prosperity. In turn, the reduction of public funding for universities causes substantial opportunity costs for the region, even in the short term.
Machbarkeitsstudien für regionale Projekte
Authors: Weiß Ute
Published: March 2010

What frequently makes regional projects particularly complex— compared to projects in the private sector— is the relatively large number of players involved in a project. Nonetheless, systematic studies of the chances of successful implementation remain rare. An analysis of feasibility studies of the type conventionally conducted in the private sector as an element of project management reveals precisely what project-related factors are critical for the use, design and conduct of feasibility studies. This analysis provides the basis for the author to draw up a model feasibility study for regional projects which takes full account of the specific characteristics of such projects.
Wissenschaftsforum: Zukunft Rhein-Main Erfolgsfaktoren regionaler Wirtschaftsentwicklung
Authors: Cichorowski Georg
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Die Berücksichtigung von Klima und Lufthygiene in räumlichen Planungen
Authors: Schirmer Hans
Published: March 2010

For an appropriate integration of climate and air hygiene into spatial planning decisions the factors that are relevant in this respect as well as evaluations of the results for the individual planning levels are presented with examples and policy-related recommendations in the new guideline of the German Association of Engineers no. 3787 sheet 9.
The Industrial Cluster Plan of the Japanese government and the realities of regional economies in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Kenji
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new policy of the Japanese government for the resurgence of regional economies at the beginning of the 21st century and to reexamine its theory and realities. This new policy is the “Industrial Cluster Plan”. The advocators of this plan consider it possible to set up a region artificially. A region cannot, however, be created in such a way, but is a historical construct. Accumulated social capital is important for the recognition of a region. The social capital is decisive for collaborative undertakings among entrepreneurs. This is exemplified by the case of the area along Chuo Freeway, where we can recognize several regions.
Nationale Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland — Zwischen Versuch und Vision
Authors: Hatzfeld Ulrich , Jakubowski Peter
Published: March 2010

On 2nd in July 2007 Federal Minister for Urban Affairs, Wolfgang Tiefensee, invited the public to take part in a public dialog on new accents for urban development in Germany by announcing the policy initiative “Towards a national Urban Development Policy in Germany”. The initiative is supported by the Federal State, the Länder and the cities. Main intention of the initiative is to enhance a public discourse on urban development in Germany as well as to create innovations to ensure the social relevance and the productivity of cities in an environment of rapid economical and societal change. The article describes the basic conditions for urban development which have changed in the past years and concludes with regard to the European Level that a national urban development policy is required in Germany.
Stadtentwicklungsprobleme der mittelosteuropäischen EU-mitgliedstaaten
Authors: Altrock Uwe
Published: March 2010

The transition from socialist to market-oriented economies after 1990 brought about farranging changes in Central European cities with locally and regionally selective effects. The capital areas that profited a lot from those trends were only partly successful in strategically influencing spatial development. Therefore the remarkable upgrading of inner cities was accompanied by unintended effects somewhat similar to known development patterns in the West such as suburban sprawl. After the enlargement of the EU in 2004 and with the upcoming socio-spatial polarisation there is an increasing need for state-funded regeneration strategies that should contribute to overcoming the lack of integrated urban policies prevailing in many of the accession states.
Metropolen-orientierte Politik und territoriale Kohäsion — Notwendigkeit oder Widerspruch?
Authors: Küpper Patrick
Published: March 2010

Regularly, new concepts on how the territory should develop arise in spatial planning politics. Previous ideas include: active or passive restructuring, functionally balanced territories or interregional specialization, target for balance or growth. Current discussions are concerned with European metropolitan regions and territorial cohesion. This contribution seeks a theoretical foundation of the metropolitan-oriented policy. Three main implications for territorial cohesion are derived from these theories and concepts. The possibilities of compensation payments, spill over effects and interregional specialization are identified and critically analysed. Thus, the article demonstrates the lack of clarity in theory and the conflicts between the objective and the concept.
Der Referentenentwurf des Raumordnungsgesetzes 2008
Authors: Müller Christian
Published: March 2010

The Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs presented a first draft of the new Regional Planning Act. The draft adopts the well-established mechanisms and instruments of the actual legislation and enhances them. It intends to provide a full federal regulation of regional planning, at the same time the draft aims to leave scope for the Bundesländer.
Dichte als Planungsgröße im Stadtumbau?
Authors: Westphal Christiane
Published: March 2010

Density is a key planning figure. It gains importance in shrinking cities. In Eastern German cities processes of shrinkage cause declines of urban densities with particular relevance for the provision of public utilities. Therefore, it is necessary to define spans of minimum densities from the perspective of public utilities for different urban structural types. Criteria to determine adequate densities for public utilities are compared against those deriving from other fields of planning such as transport, social facilities, green space provision and housing demand.
Zwischen Ökologisierung des Gewässerschutzes und Kommerzialisierung der Wasserwirtschaft: Neue Handlungsanforderungen an Raumplanung und Regionalpolitik
Authors: Moss Timothy
Published: March 2010

The paper analyses two parallel, but distinct, trends of water management in Germany — the ecological orientation of water protection and the commercialisation of water services — in terms of their relevance for spatial development. It describes the principal features of each of these trends, illustrates their spatial dimensions and elucidates their implications for spatial planning and regional development strategies. Conclusions are drawn on how spatial planning and regional policy could be used to greater effect to shape these ongoing — and thus still open — processes of ecological orientation and commercialisation in the water sector.
Raumplanerausbildung in Europa — Situation und Perspektiven
Authors: Ache Peter
Published: March 2010

This paper examines the education of spatial planners in Europe. The comparison is based on studies about the current state of implementation of the Bologna Process, which has been originally undertaken and recently updated by the Association of European Schools of Planning (AESOP). The training of planners, i.e. the quality of planning education and its applied standards, is a key point of discussion among schools of planning. Ultimately, the definition of standards depends on the feedback from professional circles (in particular regarding the situation on the labour market), and on co-operation with planning organisations. Accordingly, AESOP currently is in discussion with the European Council of Spatial Planners (ECTP) on the extent to which standards should be defined in terms of the new system of university degrees (bachelor’s and master’s degrees) to guarantee a common European labour market and avoid any restrictions on access.
Berücksichtigung von Genderaspekten in den neuen gestuften Studiengängen in der Raumplanung
Authors: Zibell Barbara
Published: March 2010

The article analyses in how far the new tiered degree programmes of spatial planning, which have been developed within the so-called „Bologna Process”, are containing any gender contents or modules. This examination includes the German universities of Cottbus, Hamburg, Berlin, Dortmund and Kaiserslautern. p ]The author points out that gender traditions are proceeded where they already have been existent. However, if those traditions have not been existent before, universities did not establish any gender aspects in the course of the reforms. Finally, it is suggested that sustainable spatial development has to be supported by gender aspects. Therefore, universities are advised to further develop those aspects within their study programme.
Jenseits der Speckgürtel: Wanderungsabsichten von Schulabsolventen und der demographische Wandel im ländlichen Raum
Authors: Chilla Tobias , Morhart Tobias , Braun Boris
Published: March 2010

The population of many regions in rural areas declines as mainly young adults leave. Simultaneously, only few people move into these areas if processes like suburbanisation do not play a substantial role. In this situation, young adults must be regarded as a crucial group for the future of any region. Demographic, economic, and societal prosperity depends on them to a large extent. At the same time, school graduates are increasingly forced to be more and more mobile by changing and more volatile labour markets. The article focuses on the motivations of graduates while making their decisions to leave their home district or to stay. Based on this analysis, it asks which political instruments are appropriate in these regions beyond ‘commuter-belts’. Considering the local context, the authorities have to combine policies and instruments including family policy, regional marketing and educational aspects. The empirical findings are based on a case study in the Haßberge district in Northern Bavaria.
Vom maroden Hafen zur glitzernden Nebencity: die London Docklands
Authors: Zehner Klaus
Published: March 2010

The transformation of former docks close to city centers into profitable locations for first-class offices and top-quality residences does belong to the most striking changes in contemporary port cities. In this regard London Docklands act as a prime example in Europe. However the development from scruffy docks into a postmodern edge city which has taken place under prime minister Thatcher during the 1980ies and early 1990ies was discussed quite emotionally and controversially at that time. The goal of this paper is to analyse both the urban, economic and social ramifications and the chosen strategies of the docks regeneration exempt from ideological and political discussions.
Der Einfluss des Bodenpreisniveaus auf die Bebauungsdichte von Wohnareal
Authors: Schmitt Marcel , Seidl Irmi
Published: March 2010

The continued conversion of land into developed areas is mainly propelled by growth in residential housing zones. The question being raised is whether economic policy instruments, such as taxes, can contribute to slowing this land conversion. In order to assess the effects of taxes on the use of land for housing, more information is needed about the extent to which economic agents adapt their consumption of residential building land in the event of price increases. Based on data from the Swiss cantons of Basel-Landschaft and Zurich, this paper investigates whether and to what extent residential housing density is influenced by land price. For the purposes of this study, the selected indicators for residential housing density are the lot size of single-family houses, the ratio of floor space to parcel area (Ausnützungsziffer), and the ratio of realised to maximum floor space to parcel area (Ausbaugrad).
Kurskorrektur — Eine Ortsbestimmung der Raumordnung aus Verkehrssicht
Authors: Heinze G. Wolfgang
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Daseinsvorsorge und demographischer Wandel: Wie ändert sich das Raum- und Staatsverständnis?
Authors: Kersten Jens
Published: March 2010

Demographic change challenges public services in different areas of Germany to a different extent: booming metropolitan areas are contrasted by shrinking industrial and rural areas. Thus, efficient regulation of public services can no longer follow the aim of spatial equivalence. Spatial development should rather be based on the European idea of economic, social, and spatial cohesion. In this model, public private partnerships can substitute the exhausted welfare state by offering public services. But this provision model is no emergency exit for the state and its municipalities challenged by demography.
Abgrenzung deutscher Arbeitsmarktregionen
Authors: Eckey Hans-Friedrich , Kosfeld Reinhold , Türck Matthias
Published: March 2010

Functional delineated labour market regions are needed for regional economic analyses. In dependence of the definition of regions economic regions in space can be seen as “rich” or “poor” areas. In addition to this statistical and econometric reasons argue for using functional labour market regions. The available definitions of functional units are based mostly on data from 1980s and 1990s. To that extent a new delineation is required. The authors use a factor analysis with an oblique rotation and receive 150 labour market regions, which consist of one or more administrative units (Kreise). These labour markets regions fulfil the criterion of reasonable commuting time (maximally 45 to 60 minutes in dependence of the attractiveness of the centre). They have a size of more than 50,000 inhabitants.
Umweltprüfung von Regionalplänen — Neue Chancen für die Regionalplanung aus der Perspektive der Region Stuttgart
Authors: Vallée Dirk , Heiland Stefan
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Regional development and regional policy in the Netherlands: are there peripheral regions?
Authors: Dühr Stefanie
Published: March 2010

In this paper, the position of ‘peripheral regions’ in the Netherlands is discussed from a European as well as from a Dutch perspective. In the context of an enlarged European Union, and a shift in orientation of regional policy towards strengthening the competitive position of all regions, peripheral regions are required to explore new policy responses. In the Northern Netherlands, this has led to a stronger emphasis on cooperation, both among Dutch provinces as well as with international partners, in an attempt to strengthen the economic performance and political standing of the region in national and international arenas. The rationale or connectivity of international cooperation strategies such as the Northern Development Axis may perhaps be secondary in comparison to the enabling power of such strategy-building in fostering cooperation and governance structures at regional and inter-regional level.
Anorectal Functional Results After Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery in Benign and Early Malignant Tumors
Authors: Jin Zhiming , Yin Lu , Xue Lijun , Lin Moubin , Zheng Qi
Published: March 2010

Background

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has been suggested as a minimally invasive procedure of low morbidity for rectal villous adenomas and early anorectal adenocarcinomas. It has been used clinically in many areas outside of China for more than 20 years, but it began in mainland China only about 2 years ago. Some articles have reported excellent results with regard to morbidity and relapse rate with TEM, but there are no studies addressing its functional results in China until now. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of TEM on the manometric results.

Methods

Thirty‐seven patients (16 females, 21 males) underwent TEM and were followed for more than 6 months. Anorectal manometry and an incontinence questionnaire were administered 1 week preoperatively, 2 weeks postoperatively, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

Of the 37 patients, 24 had villous adenomas and 13 had adenocarcinomas (11 uT1 and 2 uT2). Anorectal manometric values showed the mean anal resting pressure (ARP) decrease from 45 ± 6 mmHg to 29 ± 4 mmHg (p < 0.05) and the maximum tolerable volume (MTV) decrease from 175 ± 21 ml to 90 ± 15 ml (p < 0.05) at the third month after TEM. Maximal squeeze pressure (MSP) decreased from 181 ± 20 mmHg to 92 ± 14 mmHg (p < 0.05) at second week after operation and returned to normal value by the third postoperative month. The ARP and MTV were 45 ± 5 mmHg and 177 ± 21 ml, respectively, at 6 months after TEM, near the normal value (p > 0.05). Rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was absent preoperatively in two patients; it was also absent in 10 patients 3 months postoperatively and in three patients 6 months postoperatively. Endosonography demonstrated internal anal sphincter (IAS) rupture in five patients, and full integrity of the external anal sphincter (EAS) in all patients. Of the five patients with IAS rupture, four had temporary incontinence to flatus normalized up to three postoperative months. Most patients had more times of stools per day and relative higher Wexner scores in a short period after TEM. All these patients were followed for 6–20 months with no incidence of relapse.

Conclusions

Anorectal function was preserved well after TEM, although some anorectal manometric parameters changed over time. Thus TEM is safe, in terms of anorectal function, for the cure of benign and early malignant tumors of the rectum.
Endoscopic-Assisted Fascial Decompression for Forearm Exertional Compartment Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hijjawi John , Nagle Daniel J.
Published: March 2010

A case of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm treated with endoscopic-assisted fascial decompression is presented. The diagnosis of exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm was confirmed by direct measurement of intracompartmental pressures. Following endoscopic-assisted fascial decompression, the patient was able to begin rehabilitation therapy within 2 weeks. There were no wound-related complications. The patient reported no recurrence of symptoms after returning to work requiring heavy lifting, and morbidity associated with open decompression was avoided. Endoscopic release is not an option in traumatic compartment syndrome, but a minimally invasive approach may be considered in cases of exertional compartment syndrome. Reports of endoscopic-assisted fascial decompression in exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm are relatively scarce. Confirmation of the safety and efficacy of these evolving techniques in the hand surgery literature remains important.
Exercise and Zoledronic Acid on Lipid Profile and Bone Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats: a Paradoxical Negative Association?
Authors: Lespessailles E. , Jaffré C. , Rochefort G. Y. , Dolléans E. , Benhamou C. L. , Courteix D.
Published: March 2010

Exercise (EXE) and amino‐bisphosphonates (BP) are both considered as useful strategies in the prevention of post‐menopausal bone loss. Exercise reduces lipid levels, and BP may induce increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). We hypothesized that combined effects of BP and exercise would produce a better improvement of lipid profile. We studied the specific and combined effects of zoledronic acid (Z) and EXE on lipid profile and bone remodeling in mature ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Six‐month old female rats were randomly assigned to either a sham‐ovx group (n = 12) or one of four OVX groups (n = 12): vehicle‐treated sedentary (OVX); OVX + EXE (OVX‐E, running on a treadmill for 12 weeks); OVX + Z (20 μg/kg, i.v.), (OVX‐Z); OVX + Z+EXE (OVX‐ZE). Total cholesterol (TC), HDL‐C and bone remodeling markers were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. We demonstrated that both Z and EXE prevented the increase in bone resorption resulting from OVX, and individually improved the atherosclerotic risk index. Therapy with Z resulted in significant increase (39.00 ± 0.03 vs. 53.6 ± 0.01 mg/dl; +37.4%, P < 0.05) in serum concentration of HDL‐C and a non significant decrease in TC (135.30 ± 0.03 vs. 144.80 ± 0.05 mg/dl; −5.8%) in the OVX‐Z group compared to the OVX group. Post‐menopausal women have elevated risk of CVD and bone resorption, hence, these data ultimately demonstrate (except for the elevated ratio in the combined group) that exercise and zoledronic acid are useful in minimizing the impact of these two processes in women and the combination of the two may be clinically relevant.
Pitavastatin Reduces Lectin‐Like Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor‐1 Ligands in Hypercholesterolemic Humans
Authors: Matsumoto Tetsuya , Fujita Masatoshi , Sawamura Tatsuya , Kakino Akemi , Sato Yuko , Fujita Yoshiko , Matsuda Haruo , Nakanishi Mamoru , Uchida Kagehiro , Nakae Izuru , Kanda Hiroshi , Yoshida Akira , Miwa Kunihisa , Hayashi Hideki , Mitsunami Kenichi , Horie Minoru
Published: March 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of pitavastatin on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and lectin‐like oxidized LDL receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Twenty‐five hypercholesterolemic patients (8 male, 17 female; age 66 ± 13, 21–80 years) who had not received anti‐dyslipidemic agents and had LDL‐C levels of more than 160 mg/dL were examined. Biochemical factors were measured at baseline and after treatment with pitavastatin (2 mg/day) for 6 months. Serum levels of LOX‐1 with apolipoprotein B‐100 particle ligand and a soluble form of LOX‐1 (sLOX‐1) were measured by ELISA. All subjects completed the study with no adverse side effects. Total‐C (268 ± 26 vs. 176 ± 17 mg/dL), LDL‐C (182 ± 21 vs. 96 ± 14 mg/dL), and LOX‐1 ligand (867 ± 452 vs. 435 ± 262 ng/mL) were reduced with pitavastatin treatment (P < 0.0001 for each). Significant decreases in triacylglycerols were noted (P < 0.0001), but there were no changes in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. After 6 months, there were no significant changes in high‐sensitivity CRP or soluble LOX‐1. At baseline, there were no significant correlations between LOX‐1 ligand and either LDL‐C or sLOX‐1. The decrease in LOX‐1 ligand was not correlated with the decrease in LDL‐C, but was correlated with the decrease in sLOX‐1 (r = 0.47, P < 0.05). In conclusion, pitavastatin therapy had beneficial effects on markers of oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Serum levels of LOX‐1 ligand may be a useful biomarker of the pleiotropic effects of statins.
Rapid Determination of Volatile Compounds in Gymnotheca involucrata Pei. by MAE–HS‐SPME Followed by GC–MS
Authors: Yang Zai‐bo , Mao Hai‐li , Kang Wen‐yi , Zou Hong‐tao , Sun Cheng‐bin , Guo Zhi‐you
Published: March 2010

Microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the rapid determination of the volatile chemical compositions of Gymnotheca involucrata Pei. The experimental parameters of the MAE–HS‐SPME were optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The results indicated that the optimal experimental parameters for determination of the volatile constituents of Gymnotheca involucrata Pei. were: sample weight 2.0 g, microwave power of 400 W and irradiation time of 3.0 min. Employing these conditions, 106 volatile constituents in the dry stems and 103 volatile constituents in the dry leaves of Gymnotheca involucrata Pei. were separated and identified, amounting to 93.58 and 98.53% of the total peak areas, respectively. The major components found in the oil extracted from the stems and leaves were nerolidol (16.57, 17.50%), sabinene (3.35, 3.65%), cis, cis, cis‐1,1,4,8‐tetramethyl‐4,7,10‐cycloundecatriene (4.64, 5.03%), α‐copaene‐8‐ol (6.01, 6.33%) and phytol (2.92, 3.03%), respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of <9.0% showed that the MAE–HS‐SPME method followed by GC–MS has good precision. The experimental results demonstrated that this solvent‐free method is simple, time‐efficient, and is a potentially suitable analytical tool for the determination of volatile compounds from vegetative and other materials.
III Epigram from Greece to Rome
Authors: Livingstone Niall , Nisbet Gideon
Published: March 2010

‘Epigrams at Cyzicus’: the enigmatic title of the Anthology's third and shortest Book introduces a sequence of nineteen sequentially numbered epigrams (one of them a broken scrap) purportedly inscribed by or on behalf of two royal brothers in the early second century BCE. Eumenes II and Attalus II were the sons of Attalus I of Pergamum, a small but culturally and politically dynamic Hellenistic kingdom in western Turkey. Just five years after Attalus II died, his nephew left Pergamum to Rome in his will, introducing the Romans to power politics in the Greek East. The Cyzicene epigrams are alleged by the introduction to AP 3 to have been incised on the stulopinakia – whatever they are – in Cyzicus' shrine to Apollonis, the deified mother of Attalus and Eumenes; but the introduction is a confusing text of uncertain provenance, consisting of a single sentence of extraordinarily bad Greek.
The Political Poetic of the Sena Court
Authors: Knutson Jesse Ross
Published: March 2010

Through a study of the corpus of contemporary literary depictions of the early medieval/medieval king of Bengal, Lakṣmaṇasena, in the works of the royal literary salon, this essay defines a cluster of poetic elements inseparable from the monarch. It suggests that this official poetic projects its proximity to the contemporary Turkish invasion (ca. 1205ce), and the attendant crisis and restructuring of the Sena state. Some idiosyncratic poems, however, evince a historical dynamic that is both distinct and inseparable from the official poetic: the proud assertion of a Sanskrit literary provincialism in the context of a shrinking and threatened state. By correlating a pattern of poetic representation with a discrete period and locality, the present inquiry brings into focus the mutually constitutive relationship between literary interpretation and political historical interpretation for the study of early South Asia. And by tracing what was relatively peculiar and singular to this literary world, it strives to erode established scholarly visions of the endless uniformity of premodern literary-political life.
Characterization of pseudorabies virus of wild boar origin from Europe
Authors: MÜLLER T. , KLUPP B. G. , FREULING C. , HOFFMANN B. , MOJCICZ M. , CAPUA I. , PALFI V. , TOMA B. , LUTZ W. , RUIZ-FON F. , GORTÁRZAR C. , HLINAK A. , SCHAARSCHMIDT U. , ZIMMER K. , CONRATHS F. J. , HAHN E. C. , METTENLEITER T. C.
Published: March 2010

Pseudorabies virus (PrV) infections appear to be more widely distributed in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa) population than assumed. In Europe, attempts to isolate and characterize the causative agents have been limited so far. We therefore collected and examined a total of 35 PrV isolates obtained from wild boar or hunting dogs in Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Slovakia and Hungary between 1993 and 2008. Restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA usingBamHI showed that all isolates, except one, belonged to genogroup I but different subtypes were evident. For further investigations of the phylogenetic relationships, a 732-bp fragment of the glycoprotein C (gC) gene was amplified by PCR. Sequence analysis revealed about 40 variant positions within this fragment. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences supported the separation into a clade containing isolates from North-Rhine Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany), France and Spain (clade B) and an apparently more variable clade comprising isolates from Brandenburg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt (Germany), Slovakia, Hungary, Italy and France (clade A).
Guest Editorial: Introduction to Philosophical Issues in Neuroethics
Authors: TAKALA TUIJA
Published: March 2010

Neuroethics studies the ethical, social, and legal issues raised by actual or expected advances in neuroscience. The relevant fields in neuroscience include, but are not limited to, neuroimaging, cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychopharmacology, neurogenetics, and neuropsychiatry. For many, neuroethics is best understood as a subcategory of bioethics, and although not all agree, for the purposes of the present collection of articles, this definition is assumed. Although bioethics as a field of study started in the early 1970s as a normative enterprise, mainly practiced by philosophers and theologians, it has since become truly inter- and multidisciplinary, comprising also law, sociology, psychology, gender studies, disability studies, anthropology, history, and many other approaches. What we particularly wanted to do in this issue, however, was to find the most pertinent questions of neuroethics from the viewpoint of philosophy, and the call for papers was drafted accordingly.