bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CT scan Positive Finding Pattern of Head Injury at the University of Gondar Hospital; North West Ethiopia
Authors: Desita Zerubabel Tegegne , Mulugeta Wossen
Published: April 2020

Background: Head injuries rank high among morbidities due to trauma. Computerized tomography is an important modality in the investigation of these cases. However, there is no literature on the importance of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of head injury in Ethiopia. This study therefore is aimed to document the computerized tomographic features of patients with head injury managed at the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study involving 96 patients with head injury who had CT scan of the head in the UOG hospital over a 12-month period. Results: Most of the patients were male (74%).  Majority (58%) were in the age range of 20 to 40 years with a mean age of 31yrs. The most common abnormal findings were skull fracture (52%) and intracerebral hemorrhage and contusions (51%). It is followed by subdural hemorrhage (33%) soft tissue swelling 32% and epidural hemorrhage 10%. Conclusion:  Skull fracture and intra cerebral hemorrhage were the most common abnormal findings. This study has demonstrated the importance of CT scan in the evaluation of head injury by giving visibility of intracranial post traumatic injuries in a high proportion of patients which would be difficult to reach in to diagnosis clinically or using skull radiography alone. This obviously will have a significant role in improving patient management. Taking this in to account expansion of CT scan service for moderate to severe head injury patients is recommended in Ethiopia.
Assessment of Patient Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment in Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Kahissay Mesfin Haile
Published: April 2020

Background: Poor adherence to treatment of tuberculosis is common despite various interventions aimed at improving treatment completion. Lack of a comprehensive and holistic understanding of barriers to and facilitators of, treatment adherence is currently a major obstacle to find effective solutions.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess patient adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment on DOTS regimen and factors that affect adherence.

Methods: In this study both quantitative methods was used. For the quantitative method the records of a cohort of patients were followed retrospectively to see the treatment outcome; patient registration book from January 2007 to June 2010 was reviewed. 

Result: out of 1050 patients enrolled in the study 207(21.6%) of patients were non adherent and 188(90.82%) of the non-adherent patients were in the continuation phase of treatment. Patients outside 10km radius were 3.423 times non adherent than TB patients living in Dessie town and within 10km radius. 

Conclusion: Patients’ decisions to stop taking medication were influenced by a number of interacting factors. Adherence to the long course of tuberculosis treatment is a complex, dynamic phenomenon with a wide range of interacting factors impacting on treatment taking behavior. The findings of this study could help inform the development of patient centered interventions and of interventions to address structural barriers to treatment adherence. It has been seen also that the non-adherence rate of this study setting is high, and the main determinant factors of treatment non adherence are address and HIV status of the patient.
Study on Coppice Management of Acacia Nilotica Tree for better Woody Biomass Production
Authors: Gessesse Abrham Tezera , Wolle Hailie Shiferaw , Gezahegn Tesfaye T/haymanot , Frnta Mesafint Minale , Admkie Abeje Tedila
Published: April 2020

Over 90% of the energy consumed in the country depends on woody biomass. The rising demand for tree products and expanding population pressure resulted in decline of forest cover and consequently the demand for tree products exceeded the supply. This study was conducted at Armania Kebele with the aim of to evaluate different cutting time and management practices yielding more wood biomass volume. One indigenous tree species, preferable by the farmers, namely Acacia nilotica was selected and the experiment design in 3x4 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design arrangement and replicated three wise. Eight trees per plot were planted in two rows with 2 meter spacing. The result shows that, Acacia nilotica could be coppiced well with 13 to 29 numbers of coppices per stump at all stages of cutting time. Root collar diameter and plant height were highly correlated with growth period. Hence, Leaving of two and three number of coppices could give higher woody biomass volumes as compare to leaving one and all number of coppices and control (uncut). Therefore, it is necessary that farmers should allow two and three number coppice per stump to get high woody biomass volume for fuel-wood consumption.
NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA: A LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Authors: Choto Prominent , Iwu Chux Gervase , Tengeh Robertson Khan
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study: This paper is an analysis of the role of NPOs in addressing the challenges of society and communities they operate in. This is with the intention to understand the value of a non-profit organization to any society and their significant contribution to socio-economic development.
Methodology: In order to carry out this analysis, the researchers adopted a systematic literature review, relying prominently on secondary data.
Main Findings: This review highlights a number of very important lessons. Firstly, non-profit organizations are involved in a range of activities such as health and wellness, socialization, and education. Secondly, they assist governments to reach out to citizens who may not easily access government services. Thirdly, sustaining non-profit organizations is vital to any economy owing to the diverse range of essential goods and services they offer. This review also notes that more research needs to take place to further unpack the place of non-profit organizations in South Africa.
Applications of this study: This review can be beneficial to Non-Profit Organisations, the Government, and the funders who support these NPOs. An understanding of the significance of NPOs in socio-economic development will be helpful in developing policies and support mechanisms that will necessitate their existence, continuously deliver social value and contribute to socio-economic development.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The authors confirm that this is the first known literature review of its kind especially with reference to South Africa and therefore, accomplishing such an arduous task required a careful assembly of pertinent reference materials. Our position is that if who and what non-profit organizations have become clearer, issues of sustainability - marketing, finance, government/private sector relations - will be better understood.
Sharia economics students’ anxiety towards mathematical economics course
Authors: Kurniawati Annisa Dwi
Published: April 2020

Mathematical economics is one of the compulsory courses in sharia economics students. At each exam of the mathematical economics course, the majority of scores earned by students tend to be low. It is the anxiety of facing the exam on mathematical economics courses that are considered as one of the causes. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The study aims to find out anxiety students have on the course of mathematical economics. The research subject is sharia economics students of IAIN Ponorogo who is taking a course in mathematical economics. The triangulation techniques of interviews, observations, and documentation are done for data retrieval. The results showed that student anxiety towards mathematical economics courses tends to be high. Some reasons for students' anxiety are educational backgrounds that are social majors, anxiety on low test scores, anxiety on the character of the lecturer, and anxiety caused by low self-efficacy in the ability to solve mathematical economics problems. From the results of this research, the lecturer is expected to be a motivator and mediator for students to reduce students' anxiety towards the courses of mathematical economics.
The excess of Kahoot for pre-service teacher as an evaluation tool
Authors: Angkotasan Nurma , Tonra Wilda Syam , Taib Suryani
Published: April 2020

Technology-based instrument is one of the main factors in improving the quality of learning in the classroom. The purpose of the study was to see pre-service teacher' response using  Kahoot as evaluation tool. This study was carried out on third year students in  UniversitasKhairun. The study employed a questionnaire that consists of 15 items about the excess of Kahoot. A total of 23 subjects participated in this study. The students highly perceived Kahoot as a game that can increase self-confidence, a fun game, interesting game, and the most useful tools to be used later when the students become teacher
From Viral City to Smart City: Learning from Pandemic Experiences
Authors: Sakellarides Constantino
Published: April 2020

N/a.
Discipline and Play in Structural Design
Authors: Hines Eric M.
Published: April 2020

The existence of structural art has implications far beyond the aesthetics of the built environment. Beauty is the purest expression of the human spirit, and its potential to coexist in the engineering imagination with practical project requirements is a powerful symbol for what is
possible not only in structural engineering but in all engineering. Understanding the potential for structural art provides a key to strengthening the connection between our thoughts and our feelings, as they relate to our technological world and its improved coexistence with nature. The paper
identifies and discusses sympathies between structural art and art in general and then uses examples from structural design practice to illustrate how the languages of drawing, simple calculations and project narrative are fundamental to the creative process in engineering.
Thin Shell Concrete Structures of Félix Candela and Max Borges Jr.
Authors: Moreyra Garlock Maria E. , Glisic Branko
Published: April 2020

Max Borges Jr. (1918 – 2009) was an architect of thin shell concrete structures in Cuba in the 1950's. During this time, Félix Candela (1910 – 1997) owned a construction company that was dedicated to the design and construction of thin shells. Candela also owned an
international reputation as a designer of thin shells in the hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) form. The two men worked together for the first time on a project in Mexico City in 1954, and since then collaborated on several more, most of them in Cuba. This paper illustrates the architect –
engineer relationship between Borges and Candela and documents the collaborative projects between them. The research grew out of a course co-taught by the authors, where the course was inspired by the style of teaching of David Billington (1927 – 2018) that integrates engineering with
the humanities. Billington believed in scholarship based on historical studies and documentation of heritage structures. This paper is in tribute to this great man who continues to inspire.
Estimativa do perfil de vento e potencial eólico offshore para costa de Cabo Frio
Authors: Rodrigues do Carmo Luiz Felipe , Pinto de Almeida Palmeira Ana Cristina , De Jesus Lauriano Antonio Carlos Felipe
Published: April 2020

O homem é um grande consumidor de energia. Por conseguinte, estudar e melhorar os mecanismos de fornecimento de energia é de suma importância para a sociedade. Nessa temática, as energias renováveis vêm como um grande aliado ambiental em contraponto aos combustíveis fósseis. Alguns exemplos são: a energia solar, a eólica, a biomassa e a hidráulica. Nesse trabalho calculou-se a direção do vento, os perfis de velocidade do vento e potencial eólico para uma região próxima de Cabo Frio-RJ, utilizando os dados da boia de Cabo Frio (Nova) do Programa Nacional de Boias (PNBOIA) e os dados da reanálise do ERA5 de temperatura, velocidade, direção do vento e altura significativa da onda, para o período entre 01/08/2016 e 31/07/2017. Os resultados preliminares mostraram que a diferença absoluta média entre a velocidade do vento do PNBOIA e do ERA5 foi de aproximadamente 1 m/s. Além disso, através da rosa dos ventos, observa-se que não houve diferença significativa percentual entre as direções do vento do PNBOIA e do ERA 5. Concluiu-se que essa é uma região favorável para instalação de usinais eólicas.
Do Industrial Agglomeration and Investment Shrink Regional Inequality?
Authors: Rahmawati Farida , Romziatin Fitriani
Published: April 2020

An ideal economy that is enhancing the welfare of society is the primary goal of a Nation. However, prosperity and economic development are distributed adequately in each region as well as in East Java. Some regions could develop faster instead of other regions that lead to a disparity between regions in the regency/city of East Java Province. For this reason, this research comprehensively aims to analyse how the impact of industrial agglomeration and regional inequality in East Java. In addition, this study also involves other variables, namely investment and economic growth. The data of the study were obtained from Statistics Indonesia and the Investment Office of East Java during the period 2014 to 2018. The findings indicate that agglomeration provides a key role in inequality in the East Java region. Furthermore, investment has a negative influence on regional inequality, while economic growth positively influences regional inequality in East Java.
How to Make Use of Animation to Improve Primary School Students' English Achievement?
Authors: Nurdyansyah Nurdyansyah , Mandarani Vidya , Rais Pandi
Published: April 2020

One of the innovations in English Language Teaching is the use of moving images. This research aims to investigate how animation contribute to the students' achievement in their English class.  A classroom action research was applied with 39 first grade students involved. Observation sheet, test and documentations were used to collect the data. Three components (reduction activity, data presentation and interpretation) were used to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that the use of animation can significantly enhance lower class of primary school students’ achievements in learning English. This can be measured through their average score improvement. This result suggests teachers use moving images in order to assist students’ progress in learning English. This study implies that teachers should equip themselves with a skill to create fun classroom activities through animation.

HIGHIGHTS:

The application of moving picture media in classroom activities can significantly improve students’ competence and achievement in learning English for first grade of second semester in Primary School.

Teachers' digital literacy need to be heightened through their active contribution in workshop or other teacher professional development activities. This helps them to build their creativity to make more modification and development of animation.
Investigating EFL Teachers’ Barriers of Using Internet Application at University Level
Authors: Dewi Dian Novita , Irmawati Dini Kurnia , Asri Tri Mega
Published: April 2020

This study examines  perceived  barriers  of  using  internet  application  in higher education level. Quantitative data were collected by using questionnaires. A total of 16 participants assigned to teach English were randomly selected from 3 faculties using both simple random and purposive sampling procedures. Data were analyzed both descriptively and statistically and were presented in tables and percentages. Microsoft excel was used in the descriptive statistics The study found several barriers of using internet application for teaching and learning which include: lack of personal’s ICT competency, lack of consistent technical support, lack of  training on how to use internet application for teaching and learning, and poor internet connectivity. This study recommends to the management of the institution to facilitate and support the teachers actively with many training activities to improve the academic performance of the teachers so that can fulfill the millennial students’ learning needs.  
HIGHLIGHTS:

English teachers have strong intention for the integration of ICT into classroom context, but they encountered many barriers to implement it.
The major barriers faced in this study were lack of facilities or infrastructure, training, and time constraint.
The presence of ICT competency increases technology integration in learning and teaching process.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Mobile-Application Technology: A Project-Based Learning
Authors: Sariani Sariani , Yaningsih Yaningsih , El Khairat Mutia
Published: April 2020

In the development of technology and its advances in this industrial revolution 4.0 era, the graduates of vocational higher education institution are required to have a ready to use skill as demanded by the job market. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing mobile applications regarding vocabulary acquisition which occurred within a learning process. It was a project-based learning (PBL) performed during the supervision time of the student’ final project applying dictionary applications; The Free Dictionary and Dictionary.com. A mixed method approach was implemented where the data for the quantitative study was collected from the comparison of Vocabulary Size Test (VST) Monolingual-Version A which were carried out prior to and after the PBL. Moreover, the qualitative data was obtained from semi close-ended questionnaire, and open-structured interview. The result shows the superiority of using the mobile apps through this project-based process and at the same time the apps provide contextualized problem-solving environment to their users.

HIGHLIGHTS:

Even though written reference sources still have a place for students, it cannot be denied that online reference sources have many advantages in the current process of English teaching and learning.

Through the project-based learning, mobile application technology can facilitate the students in the language learning process effectively and efficiently, and empower themselves to get maximum results, which is ultimately improve the output of educational institutions in the future.
Incorporating Hijaiyah Sounds in English Pronunciation Class: Students’ Perception
Authors: Gusdian Rosalin Ismayoeng , Lestiono Riski
Published: April 2020

Indonesian students still find it perplexing to acquire English pronunciation as both Bahasa as their mother tongue and English do not share equivalent phonological and phonetic systems. Meanwhile, Arabic (in this case is their Hijaiyah sounds) is proven to share some phonological resemblance to some English sounds. Therefore, it is the aim of the study to investigate the student perception of the implementation of Hjaiyah sounds in their English pronunciation class. The study employed a descriptive research design as the approach. The participants of the study were 36 students of the English Study Program in the academic year of 2019/2020. These participants were third-semester students undertaking their Intermediate Speaking class. Questionnaire and interview guide were utilized as data instruments. In collecting the data, some procedures including distributing the questionnaire and conducting the interview were carried out. In data analysis, the data from the survey were transformed into a percentage to obtain a more general image of the data description. The data from the interview were also transcribed. Finally, the findings were examined and discussed using both narrative and numerical description. As a result, this study has confirmed that the implementation of Hijaiyah sounds in teaching English pronunciation is perceived positively by the students.

HIGHLIGHTS:

Indonesian students still find it perplexing to acquire English pronunciation as both Bahasa as their mother tongue and English do not share equivalent phonological and phonetic systems.

Arabic (in this case is students' Hijaiyah sounds) is proven to share some phonological resemblance to some English sounds.
Investigating Teacher’s Perceptions of Reflective Peer Observation to Promote Professional Development
Authors: Cholifah Anjar Nur , Asib Abdul , Suparno Suparno
Published: April 2020

Peer observation as one of the reflection tools is viewed as an effective strategy to develop teacher’s professionalism. Furthermore, peer observation in reflective practice refers to the teacher’s act which collaborates with other teachers to identify the strength and the weakness of their teaching. By doing so, it is expected there will be innovation and improvement for better teaching activity after doing an evaluation together.  This study aimed at investigating the teacher’s perceptions of peer observation as one of the reflection tools to promote professional development. The participant of this study was an In-service teacher in one of Senior High Schools in Surakarta who teaches English with 10 years of teaching experience. The data were gained through an in-depth interview followed by interactive model data analysis for qualitative study in analyzing the data. The results indicated that the teacher has positive perceptions of peer observation as a professional development tool. It brought some advantages for the teacher. Peer observation also helped the teacher to solve the problems she encountered in her teaching and could be used as a learning opportunity by observing new teaching techniques/methods/strategies from other teachers.

HIGHLIGHTS:

Teacher has positive perceptions in implementing peer observation to promote professional development

There are limited studies regarding the use of peer observation especially for in-service teacher

Peer observation brings some benefits for the teacher to improve her teaching practice
La terapia familiar como vía de la resignificación en la enfermedad
Authors: Bustamante Gallego Daniela Alejandra , Vásquez Arrieta José Emilio , Tamayo Builes Daniela , Ocampo Gómez Tania
Published: April 2020

Se realizó un rastreo bibliográfico sobre la reacomodación de las dinámicas internas en familias que tienen un infante en cuidados paliativos, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de la terapia familiar para entender la enfermedad y resignificarla mediante la técnica narrativa de la metáfora. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, cuando llega una crisis significativa al núcleo familiar, como una enfermedad, esta cambia la dinámica familiar, puesto que obliga a movilizarse de manera inesperada para buscar posibles soluciones a la situación que aqueja. En muchos casos, la familia recurre a la terapia familiar como estrategia para fortalecer sus recursos, y la metáfora como herramienta narrativa, es uno de los recursos que se usa para ayudar a resignificar la enfermedad. Ahora bien, en cuanto al rastreo bibliográfico, fue la base del texto reflexivo construido, ya que en el rastreo se evidenció que en la terapia familiar no se encuentra un abordaje específico en los procesos de salud que requieren acompañamiento paliativo, por lo que se hace necesario visibilizar la utilidad de la terapia familiar en estos procesos. Como conclusión, se presenta el uso de la metáfora como posible vía de trabajo con las familias que están pasando por una situación de enfermedad, puesto que facilita la externalización del problema y logran así nuevas narrativas orientadas a la resignificación.
En tiempo de crisis
Authors: González G. Ana Lucía
Published: April 2020

Hoy en el mundo tenemos un acontecimiento que roba la atención de todos: coronavirus, y aunque resulta triste su connotación: confinamiento, cuarentena, muerte, sin lugar a dudas este virus ha dejado al descubierto una vorágine de sentimientos y actitudes que el ser humano o se resiste a mostrar o las pasa inadvertidas.
A Squamous Cell Gallbladder Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Idris Osama Mohamed Ibrahim , Park Min Jung , Baeg Joo Yeong , Lee Sunpyo , Cha Byung Hyo
Published: April 2020

:

Squamous Cell (SQC) is rare type among gallbladder cancer (GBC) and it has very poor
prognosis due to frequent local invasion and advanced stage at diagnosis. The clinical course and
prognostic factors of them has not been known well until now. The aim of this report is to
present an unresectable SQC-GBC case treated by concurrent chemo-radiation treatment (CCRT)
and compare the results of treatment with previous reported case series.
This is a case report of a 57 years old female patient, diagnosed as unresectable primary pure
SQC of GBC with bile duct invasion and multiple liver and lymph node metastases. She
underwent CCRT with best supportive care (BSC) including percutaneous and endoscopic
drainage of malignant biliary obstruction, and partial response was achieved. However, patient
was expired due to metastatic invasion of colon and uterus in 10 months after first diagnosis.
Lipid Nanoparticles as a Skin Wound Healing Drug Delivery System: Discoveries and Advances
Authors: de Souza Myla Lôbo , dos Santos Widson Michael , de Sousa André Luiz Moreira Domingues , de Albuquerque Wanderley Sales Victor , Nóbrega Fernanda Pontes , de Oliveira Marcos Victor Gregorio , Rolim-Neto Pedro José
Published: April 2020

Chronic wounds are a remarkable cause of morbidity, requiring long-time treatments with a significant
impact on the quality of life and high costs for public health. Although there are a variety of topical skin preparations
commercially available, they have several limitations that frequently impair wound healing, such as drug
instability, toxicity, limited time of action and ineffective skin permeation. In recent years, researchers have focused
on the development of new effective treatments for wound healing and shown frequent interest in nanometric
drug delivery systems to overcome such obstacles. In dermatology, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have received
great attention from researchers due to their great functionalities, greater adhesion to the skin and film formation,
enabling the hydration and maintenance of skin integrity, as well as present a more effective penetration through
the skin barrier. This review provides an update on topical formulations based on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
(SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) as wound healing treatments. Both SLNs and NLCs are able to
increase solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients and increase skin penetration compared to
the free drugs. Additionally, SLNs and NLCs can increase pharmacological activity, increase the release profile
of the drugs, promote synergistic effects and improve the sensory properties of the final formulation. Topical
dosage forms containing nanoparticles have been extensively evaluated for wound healing activity, mainly the
dressings, films and scaffolds. Therefore, lipid nanoparticles have contributed in improving wound healing therapies
when incorporated into other dosage forms with better efficacy and lesser adverse effects than conventional
formulations.
Microwave-accelerated Approaches to Diverse Xanthenes: A Review
Authors: Singh Jagmeet , Lathwal Ankit , Agarwal Shalini , Nath Mahendra
Published: April 2020

Microwave-accelerated methods have emerged as powerful tools in organic synthesis to
enhance the reaction rates and provide products with high yields, improved selectivity, lower energy
consumption, mild reaction conditions and negligible waste generation. Xanthenes are an important
class of biologically important oxygen-containing heterocyclic molecules that possess a multitude of
pharmaceutical properties. By considering the medicinal and material significance of these molecules,
a large number of synthetic methodologies and catalytic systems have been reported for the synthesis
of a wide range of xanthenes in the past. However, the focus of the present review is to summarize
various microwave-assisted protocols for the synthesis of diversely substituted xanthene analogues.
Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity of Ace Inhibitory Peptides Produced during the Fermentation of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Tempe
Authors: Pebrianti Suci Apsari , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur , Indrati Retno
Published: April 2020

Fermentation products are common sources of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides used for hypertension treatment. This research investigated the effect of fermentation time on the ACE inhibitory activity produced during the fermentation of pigeon pea tempe and aimed to determine the optimal fermentation time to obtain pigeon pea tempe with the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Seeds were inoculated with Raprima® (0.02% w/w) containing Rhizopus oligosporus spores and fermented for 0-96 h. Protein pattern, degree of hydrolysis (DH), soluble protein content and ACE inhibitory activity were observed during fermentation. The result from SDS-PAGE shows that protein hydrolysis occurred after 12 h fermentation, marked by the appearance and greater intensity of protein bands with low-molecular-weight (60 kDa). An increase in DH and soluble protein content were detected during the fermentation and reached a maximum of 23.99% and 3.15 mg mL -1 at 96 h fermentation, respectively. The ACE inhibitory activity increased with fermentation time and pigeon pea tempe fermented for 48 h (76.14%) has the highest ACE inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 0.65 mg mL -1 . It could be concluded that the optimal fermentation time to obtained pigeon pea tempe with the highest ACE inhibitory activity is for 48 h of fermentation.
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF STUDENTS ADMISSION PROCESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Nurhadi Asty Amalia , Salmah Shelly , Massi Muhammad Nasrum , Kasim Firdaus
Published: April 2020

Background: The selection process in medical schools should be able to identify individuals that mostprobably will successfully complete their education. In Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University (FMHU)the selection processes are Seleksi Nasional Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri), SBMPTN (Seleksi BersamaMasuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri), JNS (Jalur Non Subsidi) and International students. Looking at the variousselection methods in FMHU, this study aimed to see how each selection method related with students’academic achievement.Methods: This study compared academic achievement in two semesters at three academic admission students(2014, 2015 and 2016), for four admission processes. The data consist of 308 students from batch of 2014, 308students from batch of 2015, and 320 students from batch of 2016. The analysis was conducted in descriptiveanalysis, One Way ANOVA, and followed by Post-hoc Bonferroni Test.Results: There was significant difference of students GPA for each type of admission. The highest academicachievement was obtained by students from International and SNMPTN admission while the lowest academicachievement was obtained by students from SBMPTN and JNS.Conclusion: Students from International and SNMPTN admission had the highest academic achievementcompared to SBMPTN and JNS. This study showed that there should be an evaluation of the assessment usedin SBMPTN and to continue the use of SNMPTN as one of the main admission route at FMHU.
BENEFICENCE IS THE HIGHEST MORAL IMPERATIVE OF A DOCTOR DEALING WITH THE POOR QUALITY OF PATIENT AUTONOMY
Authors: Nandifa Veronica Nadya Puteri , Jena Yeremias , Joewana Satya
Published: April 2020

Background: Doctors need good moral reasoning to solve moral issues that cause dilemmas in decision making. But researches on medical students suggest that there was no significant moral development in four-year length of studies and there was a moral regression instead since the students entered clinical years. The aim of this study is to find out the description about Duration of Study in Medical School and Moral Reasoning among Medical Students.Methods: This is a descriptive study using cross-sectional design. Samples were medical students of Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia which enrolled at the year of 2012 – 2016. Duration of study was determined by the school year and moral reasoning was determined based on the domain of autonomy, beneficence-non maleficence, justice and other contextual features found in 3 vignettes of moral problems.Results: Students class of 2012-2016’s moral reasoning dominantly identified the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence. In vignette 1, autonomy, justice and other contextual features also had a quite high answer percentage. Overall students’ moral reasoning is similar between school year, but there was slight difference in clinical students. There was no difference in moral reasoning between male and female.Conclusion: Medical Students respect the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. There is a slight difference in moral reasoning between the preclinical and clinical students. There was no difference in moral reasoning between male and female.
INTERPROFESSIONAL SHARED DECISION-MAKING: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Hanum Chaina , Findyartini Ardi
Published: April 2020

Background: The increasing complexity of health problems consequently demands problem solving from various perspectives of health professionals. The interprofessional approach in solving health problems, by working together with patients, their families, and the communities is called Interprofessional Shared Decision-Making (IP-SDM). The capability of various health professionals in IP-SDM becomes one of the abilities to be achieved in Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPCP). IP-SDM learning should also be achieved through Interprofessional Education (IPE).Method: This is a literature study aiming to elaborate IP-SDM and its correlation to IPCP and IPE.Results: IP-SDM is a decision making process which involves collaboration between two or more health professionals and also patients aiming at idenfication of best choices while considering patients’ preferences. IP-SDM consists of two core processes: shared decision-making (SDM) between health professionals and patients and collaborative clinical reasoning (CCR) among health professionals. Conclusion: Although SDM and CCR learning has been widely reported, including the potential emphasis in interprofessional education and interprofessional collaborative practice, IP-SDM learning is still limited. For this particular reason, further exploration is needed regarding the development of IP-SDM learning method in IPE, especially in Indonesia context.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF NEUROANATOMY FOR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICINE: A DELPHI PROCESS
Authors: Claudia Gabriela , Munawaroh Siti , Wiyono Nanang , Hastami Yunia
Published: April 2020

Background: Anatomy is a basic science needed by clinicians in order to perform medical procedures safely and effectively. Nowadays, the amount of time available for teaching anatomy is reduced because of the introduction of new subjects to medical program.  Whereas, the anatomy itself is already too complex to learn, especially neuroanatomy. As the result, medical students tend to find difficulties in mastering anatomy. In fact, inadequate understanding of anatomy has an impact to medical errors. The aim of this study is to compose neuroanatomy learning objectives based on consensus of anatomy lecturers in Indonesia.Methods: Two-rounds Delphi process was employed in this qualitative study. Twenty anatomy lecturers from all over Indonesia were recruited as panels based on purposive sampling technique. Panels of first round of Delphi were requested to compose learning objectives based on neuroanatomy core syllabus available in the questionnaire. They had to list each learning objective with cognitive level according to Bloom’s taxonomy. In the second round, panels were asked to score each learning objectives based on their level of importance  from 1 to 4. Learning objectives scored 3 or 4 by 60% panels were qualified as the final results. Results: 66 learning objectives were obtained in the first round of Delphi and became 68 due to modification process conducted by expert. In the second round, 67 learning objective were achieved, and became 52 after final process of expert modification. The learning objectives cognitive level varied in C1-C3 according to Bloom’s Taxonomy.Conclusion: This study obtained 52 learning objectives of neuroanatomy.
Indeterminación del estatus jurídico del migrante por cambio climático
Authors: Ibarra Sarlat Rosalía
Published: April 2020

Las migraciones poblacionales transfronterizas a causa de los impactos del cambio climático antropogénico son una realidad que requieren del reconocimiento, más que doctrinario, jurídico, en el ámbito del Derecho Internacional. La variedad de acepciones y categorías doctrinales (no vinculantes) analizadas en este artículo reflejan la falta de enfoque del problema y los vacío legales a afrontar. Actualmente no existe consenso sobre un concepto legal e unívoco que defina a las personas que se desplazan por cambio climático, su estatus jurídico es indeterminado, así como el instrumento normativo aplicable que proporcione la necesaria protección jurídica internacional, que les asegure a los migrantes una reubicación planificada fuera de sus países de origen y que garantice el respeto de sus derechos. Las consecuenias legales ante la falta de estatus jurídico son reflejadas en este estudio al analizar el caso del señor Ioane Teitota ciudadano de Kiribati, quien, ante las Cortes de Nueva Zelanda, solicitó el estatus de refugiado debido a las dificultades que enfrenta su país con respecto a los impactos del cambio climático, especialmente por la elevación del nivel del mar. En este contexto, el presente trabajo destaca la importancia de la adopción de un concepto jurídico que reconozca al migrante por cambio climático en el ámbito del Derecho Internacional.
Derecho al desarrollo de los pueblos indígenas y Estado plurinacional: contribución de Guamán Poma de Ayala y Francisco de Vitoria
Authors: Novaes Cavalcanti Thais , Meireles Araújo Ana Thereza
Published: April 2020

En el presente artículo se pretende identificar aspectos del pensamiento de tres autores de culturas y épocas distintas: Francisco de Vitoria, español (1483-1546); Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, quechua/ peruano (1534/1556 – 1615/1644); Amartya Sen, indiano (1933 - ) y en lo que contribuyen a la afirmación del Derecho al Desarrollo de los pueblos indígenas. La metodología de la revisión bibliográfica fue utilizada en la búsqueda de reconocimiento de la identidad y dignidad indígena, así como en la igualdad de soberanía del Estado indígena a componer el concepto de Estado plurinacional y su posibilidad de aplicación en el caso brasileño.vEn el presente artículo se pretende identificar aspectos del pensamiento de tres autores de culturas y épocas distintas: Francisco de Vitoria, español (1483-1546); Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, quechua/ peruano (1534/1556 – 1615/1644); Amartya Sen, indiano (1933 - ) y en lo que contribuyen a la afirmación del Derecho al Desarrollo de los pueblos indígenas. La metodología de la revisión bibliográfica fue utilizada en la búsqueda de reconocimiento de la identidad y dignidad indígena, así como en la igualdad de soberanía del Estado indígena a componer el concepto de Estado plurinacional y su posibilidad de aplicación en el caso brasileño.
¿Condenados a moverse entre fronteras? Hacia nuevos paradigmas de la regulación internacional en materia de desplazamientos internos forzados
Authors: Matías Feler Alan
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo analiza los desplazamientos internos forzados por causa de conflictos armados y otras situaciones de violencia. Tras exponer el marco normativo y sus principales debilidades, se presentarán algunas de las respuestas de la comunidad internacional, con énfasis en la Convención de Kampala. Seguidamente, se analizará el asunto a la luz de la crisis de migrantes y refugiados, resaltándose las ventajas del modelo de instrumento regional vinculante, con foco en las causas y soluciones duraderas. Se sostendrá que una amplia participación de los actores involucrados, como son la población desplazada y grupos armados no estatales, ofrecería perspectivas alentadoras, considerando las potenciales ventajas que su involucramiento podría conllevar.
La ilegalidad del muro de Donald Trump
Authors: Becerra Ramírez Manuel
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se analiza, desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional, el impactode la construcción de un muro por parte del gobierno de los Estados Unidos en la fronteracon México. Con base en estudios de expertos en ecología se analiza el impacto en el ecosistemala introducción de un elemento agresivo, intrusivo como la construcción de un murode la región fronteriza. La frontera está regulada por una gran cantidad de normas jurídicasinternacionales, las cuales, con la construcción de un muro, Estados Unidos viola al dañar, enforma irreversible, el ecosistema de la región. Precisamente el derecho internacional contemporáneoen materia de medio ambiente limita la soberanía interna de los Estados, en relacióncon actos que puedan dañar a los vecinos.
Efisiensi Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Super Merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) Tersalut Maltodekstrin Berdasarkan Kecepatan Pengadukan
Authors: Hardi Jaya , Citra Dian , Syamsuddin  , Pusptasari Dwi Juli
Published: April 2020

Extract of super red dragon fruit peel has an antioxidant activity that can prevent free radicals from outside and its activity can be maintained by the coating of super red dragon fruit peel extract with maltodextrin The coating efficiency of super red dragon fruit peel extract with maltodextrin can be controlled with the speed of stirring during microencapsulation experiment. In order to obtain the highest microencapsulation efficiency and compare the antioxidant activity of super red dragon fruit peel extract before and after microencapsulation experiment. The study of coating efficiency has been done with microencapsulation that was carried out using the freeze-drying technique. During the microencapsulation of super red dragon fruit peel extract with freeze-drying technique, stirring speed in the microencapsulation process was 600 rpm, 800 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1400 rpm respectively. From the microencapsulation process of super red dragon fruit peel extract coated with maltodextrin, it was obtained the highest microencapsulation efficiency at stirring speed of 800 rpm, which was 66.85% and had a particle size of 14.24 µm. It can be concluded that the antioxidant activity before and after encapsulation included a very weak category with IC50 values of 205.42 ppm for extracts and 246.32 ppm for microcapsules.

Keywords: Super red dragon fruit peel, freeze-drying, microencapsulation, maltodextrin
Pemisahan Logam Tanah Jarang dari Limbah (Tailing) Emas Poboya dengan Metode Pengendapan
Authors: Arianto  , Sosidi Husain , Prismawiryanti  , Pusptasari Dwi Juli
Published: April 2020

Gold tailings are waste generated from gold mining activities and contain minerals and rare-earth metals (REM) that are much needed in current technological developments. This research was conducted to determine the REM content contained in Poboya gold tailings, through the destruction process using sulfuric acid and precipitation using ammonium hydroxide. The results were showed that the level of REM contained in Poboya gold tailings was 6-7%. REM oxide content analysis performed with Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) obtained 6 types of REM with the main REM levels namely Terbium (Tb): 77-80% dan Lanthanum (La): 13%, as well as other rare-earth metals with smaller amounts of Europium (Eu): 4-5%, Cerium (Ce): 2%, Neodymium (Nd): 0.02% and Gadolinium (Gd): 0.02%. Poboya gold waste can be used by the community as a source of REM  and used in various industries.

Keywords: Gold tailings, rare earth metals (REM), destruction, precipitation
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Steroid dari Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del.)
Authors: Mashunah Evi , Erwin  , Sitorus Saibun
Published: April 2020

Isolation and identification of steroids from the n-hexane fraction of Vernonia amygdalina Del. was carried out. Separation and purification were performed using flash chromatographic and gravity chromatography. Based on the results of phytochemical tests supported by UV and FT-IR data analysis, the isolate obtained was a steroid (sterol type). Toxicity test results using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) were known that the steroid has moderate toxicity with an LC50 value of 48.39 ppm.

Keywords: Vernonia amygdalina Del., Toxicity, BSLT, Sterol, Steroid
Street Performance, The unintended consequences of festivals
Authors: Gaber Floriane
Published: April 2020

Many describe France as ‘the Mecca ’ for street performance and, worldwide, artists and festival organisers can only dream of the 10 million euros granted by the Ministry of Culture to street companies and festivals; and of the 1000 groups and 250 festivals (or events) dedicated to street performance. Unfortunately, all earthly paradise includes its version of hell, and after 40 years of existence, street performers and organisers in the French context are still struggling to win acknowledgement from the wider cultural sector and public authorities. This chapter will address the issues that have contributed to this difficult situation, one in which some festivals, as ‘one shot big events’, play a perverse role, albeit perhaps, unwillingly and unwittingly. The first festival in France that was entirely dedicated to street performance was that held in Aix-en-Provence in 1973. It was called Aix, ville ouverte aux saltimbanques (Aix, city open to street acrobats). It presented a mixed programme that ranged from traditional buskers through to young artists who aspired to work in venues/places other than theatres, galleries, museums, cultural centres and their middle class audiences. These were artists who wanted to perform for people who never or rarely attended formal cultural activities; to provide them with artistic experiences that were part of the ‘rhythm of their daily lives’, not as part of a more formal arts experience as may be enjoyed in a theatre or gallery.
The Public Festival: Inspiration and interconnectivity at the heart of festivals
Authors: Deventer Kathrin
Published: April 2020

Festivals have been around, and will always be around; no matter the political context they are embedded in, supported by, or hindered by. Why? Simply because society develops, it transforms, it is dynamic and it needs space for reflection and inspiration. Festivals are platforms for people to meet, and for artists to present their work, their creations. This gives festivals an enduring, quite independent mission and reason to exist: as long as festivals strive to offer a biotope for artists and audiences alike and point to questions which concern the way we live and want to live, they will be a fertile ground for a meaningful development of society – and an offer for serving the public wellbeing. What are the challenges festivals are facing today? There are a series of very complex questions related to festivals’ positioning us as human beings in an interconnected, global society, our relation to nature and the immediate surroundings, our stories of life so that as many citizens as possible can be part of the societal discourse, can be enriched, can be touched, can be heard, can be moved. Individuals, interest groups, nationalities, countries, even continents are interconnected. What does this mean for a festival? Travelling across Europe for work and pleasure and meeting citizens from all walks of life has taught me that citizens, a term that connects individuals to some larger constructed community, are just people, everyday people, going about their lives. People connect with other humans and their human stories, real life encounters. Abstract theory and jargon are meaningless when they lack real life connections. Meaningful festivals of the future will offer possibilities for new connections among people: they invite people to travel in time and in space; they inspire to connect human stories, enriching them with new, unexpected, colourful stories!