bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental influences on and antimicrobial activity of the skin microbiota of Proceratophrys boiei (Amphibia, Anura) across forest fragments
Authors: B. Assis Ananda , R. Bevier Catherine , Chaves Barreto Cristine , Arturo Navas Carlos
Published: January 2020

The composition of the skin microbiota of amphibians is related to the biology of host species and environmental microbial communities. In this system, the environment serves as a microbial source and can modulate the hosted community. When habitats are fragmented and the environment disturbed, changes in the structure of this microbial community are expected. One important potential consequence of fragmentation is a compromised protective function of the microbiota against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the skin microbiota of the amphibian Proceratophrys boiei was characterized, evaluated for relationships with environmental variables and environmental sources of microbial communities, and its diversity evaluated for frog populations from fragmented and continuous forests. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of this skin community was studied in frogs from both forest types. Culture methods and 16S rRNA high‐throughput gene sequencing were used to characterize the microbial community and demonstrated that the skin microbiota of P. boiei is more closely related to the soil microbial communities than those inhabiting water bodies or fragment matrix, the unforested area around the forested fragment. The microbial diversity and abundance of P. boiei skin microbiota are different between continuous forests and fragments. This community is correlated with environmental variables, especially with temperature of microhabitat and distance to human dwelling. All individuals of P. boiei harbored bacteria capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and different strains of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and a total of 27 bacterial genera were detected. The results of this study indicate that the persistence of populations of this species will need balanced and sustained interactions among host, microorganisms, and environment.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective 1,6‐aza‐Michael Addition of Isoxazolin‐5‐ones to p‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Torán Ricardo , Vila Carlos , Sanz‐Marco Amparo , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R. , Blay Gonzalo
Published: January 2020

A thiourea‐Brønsted base bifunctional catalyst allowed the enantioselective 1,6‐aza‐Michael addition of isoxazolin‐5‐ones to p‐quinone methides to give isoxazolin‐5‐ones having a chiral diarylmethyl moiety attached to the N atom with fair to good yields and enantiomeric excesses. To the best of our knowledge this reaction represents the first example of enantioselective N‐alkylation of isoxazolin‐5‐ones as well as the first example of enantioselective 1,6‐aza‐Michael reaction involving p‐quinone methides.
A comprehensive model to analyze straw recycling logistics costs for sustainable development: Evidence from biomass power generation
Authors: Xu Xin Long , Chen Yu Jie
Published: January 2020

Low straw recycling logistics costs are a key factor for biomass power generation enterprises to maximize their profits and ensure sustainable operation. Different from the existing literature, this paper divides straw recycling logistics patterns into two types (farmer—plant and farmer—broker—plant) and analyzes their influencing factors to reduce straw recycling logistics costs. In this pursuit, this paper first presents a comprehensive model to analyze straw recycling logistics costs using the calculus method. Then, a 25 MW biomass power plant was selected as a case study to calculate the straw recycling logistics costs. The results show that transportation cost is the most important component of the total straw recycling logistics costs, making up 44.35%. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the straw recycling radius is the most sensitive factor affecting the straw recycling logistics costs. There is a u‐shaped relationship between the number of brokers and straw recycling logistics costs, and the straw recycling logistics costs have the smallest value when the broker number is 10. Based on the results, this paper proposes the following suggestions. Biomass power plants should conduct reasonable planning for site selection. Brokers should be recruited reasonably, and farmers should change straw planting patterns.
Origin of the Naoniushan Cu–Au deposit in Inner Mongolia, NE China: Constraints from fluid inclusions and H‐O‐S‐Pb isotopes
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Wu Liwen , He Haigen
Published: January 2020

The Naoniushan Cu–Au deposit is located in the eastern Mongolia–Xing'an orogenic belt, NE China, which hosts abundant endogenous base metal and precious metal deposits. The mineralization mainly occurs in Lower Cretaceous continental volcanic rocks. This study aims to constrain the ore metal sources based on H‐O‐S‐Pb isotopes as well as geological characteristics. The δ34S values range are from 1.5‰ to 3.5‰, with a tower‐shaped distribution pattern, with a peak in the range of 2.0‰ to 2.5‰, indicating a magmatic source. The 206Pb/204Pb values show a range of 18.169–18.510, 207Pb/204Pb of 15.484–15.646, and 208Pb/204Pb of 37.877–38.431. Lead isotopic composition is markedly homogeneous, suggesting that the lead is derived from a Th‐rich, U‐poor source. In the Zartman diagram, the samples plot in the field between mantle and orogenic belt or near to the line of the evolution of orogenic belts. In Δβ–Δγ genetic classification diagram, 12 samples fall into the field of the upper crust and mantle mixed zone, whereas 4 samples fall in the mantle source, adjacent to the boundary of these two source areas. We therefore infer that the ore‐forming materials in the Naoniushan Cu–Au deposit were mainly derived from magmatic sources, with the contamination of upper crustal material. The ore‐forming fluids in this deposit were derived from magmatic fluids in the early stage, followed by addition of meteoric water. We correlate the tectonic setting to the transition from a compressional to extensional regime.
The Transcription Factor Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein Is Associated With Expression of Liver‐Homing Receptors on Human Blood CD56bright Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Hess Leonard U. , Martrus Glòria , Ziegler Annerose E. , Langeneckert Annika E. , Salzberger Wilhelm , Goebels Hanna , Sagebiel Adrian F. , Hagen Sven H. , Poch Tobias , Ravichandran Gevitha , Koch Martina , Schramm Christoph , Oldhafer Karl J. , Fischer Lutz , Tiegs Gisa , Richert Laura , Bunders Madeleine J. , Lunemann Sebastian , Altfeld Marcus
Published: January 2020

The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is involved in the development of natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells, including liver‐resident NK cells in mice. In human NK cells, the role of PLZF in liver residency is still unknown. Expression of PLZF in matched human peripheral blood‐ and liver‐derived NK cells and the association of PLZF expression with surface molecules and transcription factors relevant for tissue residency were investigated using multiparameter flow cytometry and assessing single‐cell messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Intrahepatic cluster of differentiation (CD)56brightNK cells expressed significantly higher levels of PLZF than peripheral blood CD56brightNK cells, which were predominantly PLZFlo. Expression of PLZF was highest within C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6)+CD69+liver‐resident NK cells among intrahepatic CD56brightNK cell populations. Association of PLZF with liver‐residency markers was also reflected at mRNA levels. A small PLZFhiCD56brightNK cell population was identified in peripheral blood that also expressed the liver‐residency markers CXCR6 and CD69 and shared functional characteristics with liver‐resident NK cells.Conclusion:PLZF is implicated as part of a transcriptional network that promotes liver residency of human NK cells. Expression of liver‐homing markers on peripheral blood PLZFhiCD56brightNK cells identifies an intermediate population potentially contributing to the maintenance of liver‐resident NK cells.
A computational study of unsteady radiative magnetohydrodynamic Blasius and Sakiadis flow with leading‐edge accretion (ablation)
Authors: Mabood Fazle , Khan Waqar A.
Published: January 2020

The present study investigates the influence of the magnetic field, thermal radiation, Prandtl number, and leading‐edge accretion/ablation on Blasius and Sakiadis flow. The convective boundary condition is employed to investigate the heat transfer. The nondimensional governing boundary layer equations have been solved by the homotopy analysis method for different values of the pertinent parameters. The effects of these parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt number are also investigated for various values of relevant parameters affecting the flow and heat transfer phenomena. The most relevant outcomes of the present study are that enhancement in magnetic field strength undermines the flow velocity establishing thinner velocity boundary layer for both Blasius and Sakiadis flows while an increase in accretion/ablation effect at leading‐edge manifests in a deceleration in velocity for Blasius case and the opposite trend is observed for Sakiadis flow. Another important outcome is that an increase in radiation and accretion/ablation at leading‐edge upsurges the fluid temperature leading to enhancement in the thermal boundary layer. For both Blasius and Sakiadis flow, the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate decline with the enhancement of the leading‐edge accretion parameter. The results are compared with the existing data and are found in good agreement.
Turbidimetric analysis of growth kinetics of bacteria in the laboratory environment using smartphone
Authors: Hatiboruah Diganta , Devi Damayanti Y. , Namsa Nima D. , Nath Pabitra
Published: January 2020

For different microbiological and pathological studies, it is often required to monitor the growth of bacteria in a cultured medium in the laboratory environment. UV‐VIS spectrophotometer is commonly used to estimate the growth of bacterial cell population by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm over a period of time. Colony‐forming unit (CFU) is another approach, which has been routinely performed to estimate the live bacterial cells on semisolid agar plates. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative yet highly reliable sensing platform on a smartphone using which growth kinetics of different bacteria can be reliably monitored. The performance of the proposed smartphone sensor has been compared with the data obtained from OD600 and CFU analysis. A good correlation of bacterial growth rates enumerated based on the proposed smartphone sensor, bench‐top spectrophotometer and CFU analysis have been observed under the experimental conditions.
Long noncoding RNA BHLHE40‐AS1 promotes early breast cancer progression through modulating IL‐6/STAT3 signaling
Authors: DeVaux Rebecca S. , Ropri Ali S. , Grimm Sandra L. , Hall Peter A. , Herrera Emilio O. , Chittur Sridar V. , Smith William P. , Coarfa Cristian , Behbod Fariba , Herschkowitz Jason I.
Published: January 2020

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a nonobligate precursor to invasive breast cancer. Only a small percentage of DCIS cases are predicted to progress; however, there is no method to determine which DCIS lesions will remain innocuous from those that will become invasive disease. Therefore, DCIS is treated aggressively creating a current state of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. There is a critical need to identify functional determinants of progression of DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Interrogating biopsies from five patients with contiguous DCIS and IDC lesions, we have shown that expression of the long noncoding RNA BHLHE40‐AS1 increases with disease progression. BHLHE40‐AS1 expression supports DCIS cell proliferation, motility, and invasive potential. Mechanistically, BHLHE40‐AS1 modulates interleukin (IL)‐6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity and a proinflammatory cytokine signature, in part through interaction with interleukin enhancer‐binding factor 3. These data suggest that BHLHE40‐AS1 supports early breast cancer progression by engaging STAT3 signaling, creating an immune‐permissive microenvironment.
α5‐nAChR modulates melanoma growth through the Notch1 signaling pathway
Authors: Dang NingNing , Meng Xianguang , Qin Guojing , An Yunhe , Zhang QianQian , Cheng Xiaoyan , Huang Shuhong
Published: January 2020

The roles of α5‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α5‐nAChRs) in various types of solid cancer have been reported; however, its role in melanoma remains unknown. We knocked down α5‐nAChR expression in melanoma cells to investigate the role of α5‐nAChR in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells, and its effect on downstream signaling pathways. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we determined that α5‐nAChR expression is significantly increased in human melanoma tissues and cell lines compared with normal human skin tissues. Knocking down α5‐nAChR expression in melanoma cells in culture significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of melanoma cell lines. Specifically, knockdown of α5‐nAChR inhibited PI3K‐AKT and ERK1/2 signaling activity. Moreover, we confirmed that the Notch1 signaling pathway is the downstream target of α5‐nAChR in melanoma. Our findings suggest that α5‐nAChR plays a critical role in melanoma development and progression, and that targeting α5‐nAChR may be a strategy for melanoma treatment.
An AlGaN/GaN HEMT by a reversed pyramidal channel layer: Investigation and fundamental physics
Authors: Sajjadi Jaghargh Sadaf S. , Orouji Ali A.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, an AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a reversed pyramidal channel layer (RPC‐HEMT) is proposed. The main purpose of the paper is an increase in the breakdown voltage of a conventional HEMT (C‐HEMT) to be suitable in high‐power applications. In the RPC‐HEMT, a reverse pyramidal channel layer in the high electric field traps the energetic carriers that cause the transistors to break. The steps decrease the carrier concentration across the two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel layer, especially under the gate contact. Therefore, the critical electrical field reduces by the uniform division of carrier mass and improves the breakdown voltage of the RPC‐HEMT by 32%. Besides, the maximum output power density of the new transistor improves compared with the conventional one. In addition, the radio frequency (RF) characteristics such as the cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency of the RPC‐HEMT improve by the decline in the gate‐source capacitance. This article provides kink effects with the output reflection coefficient (S22) and the short‐circuit current gain (h21) to show how this anomalous phenomenon affects high‐frequency performance of devices. Finally, the proposed method makes the RPC‐HEMT appropriate for high‐power and high‐frequency applications.
Institutional voids and innovation governance: A conceptual exposition of the open versus closed architecture choice
Authors: Liedong Tahiru Azaaviele , Peprah Augustine Awuah , Eyong Joseph Ebot
Published: January 2020

The choice of open versus closed innovation is shaped by the interplay between firms' analytical orientation and the institutional conditions within firms' operating environments. Whereas there is a plethora of research about the antecedents of innovation performance, there is a lack of understanding about the factors affecting and influencing innovation governance. Regulatory, normative, and cognitive institutional voids have differential impacts on the choice of open versus closed innovation. Firms' analytical orientation, political connections, and collaborating partners' home country institutions moderate the effect of institutional voids on innovation governance.
Board recruitment as a strategic answer: Do companies' strategies for innovation influence the selection of new board members?
Authors: Zenou Emmanuel , Allemand Isabelle , Brullebaut Bénédicte , Galia Fabrice
Published: January 2020

Different strategies for innovation lead to specific profiles of new board members in terms of human and social capital, which shows that board selection is a strategic answer for innovation. Studying 735 French companies, we show the influence of four types of innovation strategies on the human capital (education and experience) and social capital (relationships) of new board members. Results show that specific strategies for innovation require specific profiles on board, which emphasizes the importance of board capital requirements for supporting innovation strategies.
Real RGB printing AMOLED with high pixel per inch value
Authors: Huo Si‐Tao , Shao Li‐Qin , Dong Ting , Liang Ji‐Sheng , Bi Ze‐Tong , He Mu , Li Zhe , Gao Zhuo , Song Jing‐Yao
Published: January 2020

A 403‐ppi (pixel per inch) real RGB active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) was fabricated without using fine metal mask (FMM). Organic light‐emitting materials were printed on array panel, with a novel process that has the advantages of low cost and high pixel density. The uniformity of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) was improved with carefully tuning printing parameters, and good panel performance was achieved. The key to such a process was the design of the hexagonal patterning of the pixels. The image quality of the panel with this hexagonal pixel arrangement was evaluated with a bmp format Pixel Layout Simulation picture.
Survival benefit of lymphadenectomy for gallbladder cancer based on the therapeutic index: An analysis of the US extrahepatic biliary malignancy consortium
Authors: Sahara Kota , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Maithel Shishir K. , Abbott Daniel E. , Poultsides George A. , Hatzaras Ioannis , Fields Ryan C. , Weiss Matthew , Scoggins Charles , Isom Chelsea A. , Idrees Kamran , Shen Perry , Endo Itaru , Pawlik Timothy M. ,   and the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium
Published: January 2020

Background

The survival benefit of lymphadenectomy among patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains poorly understood.

Methods

Patients who underwent resection for GBC between 2000 and 2015 were identified from a US multi‐institutional database. The therapeutic index (LNM rate multiplied by 3‐year overall survival [OS]) was determined to assess the survival benefit of lymphadenectomy.

Results

Among 449 patients, less than half had LNM (N = 183, 40.8%). The median number of evaluated and metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) was 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1‐6) and 1 (IQR: 0‐1), respectively. 3‐year OS among patients with LNM in the entire cohort was 26.8%. The therapeutic index was lower among patients with T4 (5.9) or T1 (6.0) tumors as well as carbohydrate antigen (CA19‐9) ≥200 UI/mL (6.0). Of note, a therapeutic index difference ≥10 was noted relative to CA19‐9 (<200: 18.7 vs ≥200: 6.0), American Joint Committee on Cancer T Stage (T1: 6.0 vs T2: 17.8 vs T4: 5.9) and number of LNs examined (1‐2: 6.9 vs ≥6: 16.9). Concomitant common bile duct resection was not associated with a higher therapeutic index among patients with either T2 or T3 disease.

Conclusion

Certain clinicopathological factors including T1 or T4 tumor and CA19‐9 ≥200 UI/mL were associated with a low therapeutic index. Resection of six or more LNs was associated with a meaningful therapeutic index benefit among patients with LNM.
Temporal bone histopathology in MELAS syndrome
Authors: Handzel Ophir , Ungar Omer J. , Lee Dan J. , Nadol Joseph B.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Describe the histopathology of the temporal bones in MELAS (myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes) syndrome. The syndrome results from a known point mutation in mitochondrial DNA.

Methods

Histopathology analysis of a pair of temporal bones from the oldest surviving MELAS syndrome temporal bone donor. Histopathologic findings were correlated with known premortem clinical data.

Results

The inner ears showed severe but incomplete atrophy of the stria vascularis for the length of the cochleae. In contrast, the organ of Corti and inner hair cells appeared intact with some loss of outer hair cells. Other than moderate loss at the basal turn, spiral ganglion cells numbers were normal. The vestibular neuroepithelium was mostly normal with the exception of moderate degeneration of the macula sacculi and partial collapse of the saccular wall on the right. The cerebral cortex had infarct‐like lesions with adjacent gliosis.

Conclusion

This is an analysis of the oldest patient with MELAS syndrome to date, an addition to only two previously published patients. It supports the notion that hearing loss is a result of dysfunction of the stria vascularis and not loss of hair cells or neurons. Patterns of vestibular pathology are in agreement to in‐vivo measurements. These findings support auditory rehabilitation with cochlear implants and may be relevant to hearing loss due to other mitochondrial mutations.

Level of evidence

4
KCNQ1OT1 promotes ovarian cancer progression via modulating MIR‐142‐5p/CAPN10 axis
Authors: Liu Hongli , Chen Ruixin , Kang Fenhong , Lai Haiqing , Wang Yanlong
Published: January 2020

Background

Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) has been regarded as crucial regulator for cancer progression. Roles of KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in cancers including osteosarcoma and colon cancer have been previously reported. However, its role in ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear.

Methods

Expression level of KCNQ1OT1 on OC cells and normal cell was analyzed with quantitative real‐time PCR. Gain and loss‐of‐function experiments were performed to analyze the biological roles of KCNQ1OT1 in OC. Moreover, whether KCNQ1OT1 functions its role via mediating MICRORNA‐142‐5p (MIR‐142‐5p)/calpain 10 (CAPN10) axis was analyzed. In addition, effects of KCNQ1OT1, MIR‐142‐5p, and CAPN10 on overall survival of OC patients were analyzed at Kaplan–Meier plotter website.

Results

We showed KCNQ1OT1 was elevated expression in OC cells and indicated poorer overall survival of OC patients. Besides, we found KCNQ1OT1 could promote OC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Moreover, MIR‐142‐5p was found reduced expression, while CAPN10 was found elevated expression in OC cells compared with normal cell. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed low MIR‐142‐5p or high CAPN10 expression were indicators for poorer overall survival of OC patients. At length, we showed KCNQ1OT1 could regulate OC development via MIR‐142‐5p/CAPN10 axis.

Conclusions

Taken together, KCNQ1OT1 upregulates CAPN10 expression via sponging MIR‐142‐5p, thus promoting the proliferation and migration of OC.
A new method for solving the eikonal equation in the spherical computing domain
Authors: Feng Guoxu , Huang Jun
Published: January 2020

In order to overcome the problem of singularities and nonuniform grids arising when solving eikonal equation in spherical coordinate systems, a spherical Cartesian coordinate system is defined and the Hamiltonian form of the eikonal equation according to this coordinate system is given. A modified velocity function that can transform spherical coordinate system–based eikonal equation into ones based on a spherical Cartesian coordinate system is deduced by using a differential geometric method where a layered distribution of the velocity function is assumed. After comparing the results of using this approach with the traditional method of solving eikonal equation based on a spherical coordinate system, the viability of the transformation to a spherical Cartesian coordinate system based on a modified velocity function is proven. Despite the assumption of a layered distribution of the velocity function, it is also proven that the method will hold for a velocity function under any three‐dimensional distribution. The new method overcomes problems present in traditional approaches and opens up a new way of solving eikonal equation in a spherical computational domain.
Mathematical analysis of a spatio‐temporal model for the population ecology of anopheles mosquito
Authors: Mann Manyombe Martin Luther , Mbang Joseph , Tsanou Berge , Bowong Samuel , Lubuma Jean
Published: January 2020

We propose a novel model for the population dynamics of mosquitoes by considering the dispersal states of female mosquitoes of oviposition's cycle and spatial variations. From the modeling perspective, a general functional form of eggs oviposition rate is used including the Malthusian, the Verhlust‐Pearl logistic, the Hassell, and the Maynard‐Smith‐Slatkin functions. From the theoretical and numerical perspectives, the study is done in two steps using the more realistic birth Maynard‐Smith‐Slatkin function. First, we consider an ordinary differential equations model and show that the mosquito‐free equilibrium (MFE) is globally asymptotically stable, whenever the basic offspring number
is less than unity. Using a fluctuation argument, we prove that the unique mosquito‐persistent equilibrium (MPE) is globally attractive, whenever
exceeds the unity. Moreover, the temporal model undergoes a Hopf bifurcation in the absence of density‐dependent mortality in the aquatic stage of mosquitoes. Second, the temporal model is extended into an advection‐reaction‐diffusion model in order to account for the movement of mosquitoes and their spatial source of heterogeneity. We establish the uniform persistence and the existence of at least one positive steady state whenever the spatial basic offspring number
is greater than unity. Finally, for the case study of malaria vector agent (Anopheles mosquito), we construct a nonstandard finite difference scheme that is dynamically consistent with the features of the continuous model to illustrate our results, including the spatial heterogeneity of mosquito resources.
Riverbed Pipeline Repair Reflects Emergency Response Teamwork
Authors: Marston Sam
Published: January 2020

When inclement conditions and riverbed erosion exposed lengths of a critical source water pipeline to break risk, a north Texas water district engaged construction and design engineering teams to shore up the riverbank and pipeline to prevent more costly damage.
Decreased Filter Run Volume Investigation Leads to an Unlikely Culprit
Authors: Moore Erin K.
Published: January 2020

After a New York plant converted to biofiltration, staff initially thought hot summer temperatures, new procedures, and other factors were decreasing filter run volumes. But when the plant couldn't reach design‐rated capacity, an evaluation revealed a deposit obstructing the filter effluent valve.
Does the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle exist among South Asian countries? A regime‐switching approach
Authors: Patra Suresh Kumar , Mohanty Ranjan Kumar
Published: January 2020

A plethora of literature has been undertaken to study the validity of the Feldstein–Horioka (FH) puzzle. However, divergent views continue to persist in the FH puzzle literature. This study explores the empirical validity of the FH puzzle in the case of South Asian countries using annual data from 1960 to 2017. Both panel data approach and Markov‐switching regression approach are used to empirically analyze the FH puzzle. The results of the cointegration test confirm the long‐run relationships between saving and investment in the selected South Asian countries. The results of Markov‐switching regression confirm that the saving‐retention coefficient has shifted from high to low values and also from low to high values. Thus, the FH puzzle exists for a particular time period and mostly depends on the regime shifts in the South Asian countries. The results of panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods also confirm that FH puzzle holds for the South Asian countries. Therefore, the study suggests that any saving promotion policies are desirable for enhancing investment among the South Asian regions.
Melt crystallization and segmental dynamics of poly(ethylene oxide) confined in a solid electrolyte composite
Authors: Huang Yage , Ma Mingchao , Guo Yunlong
Published: January 2020

The isothermal melt crystallization and the corresponding segmental dynamics, of a high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) confined by Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) particles in solid electrolyte composites, were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), respectively. Our results show that the overall crystallinity is positively correlated with the surface area of LLZO particles. The primary and secondary crystallization processes are identified by a modified Avrami equation, while two dynamic modes, the
α relaxation and
α′ relaxation, were in the DRS measurements. The results reveal an unambiguous correlation between the primary crystallization and the
α relaxation, while a correlation between the second crystallization and the
α′ relaxation concurrently exist in the electrolyte composites. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 466–477
Effect of mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation in children with neuromuscular weakness
Authors: Veldhoen Esther S. , Verweij‐van den Oudenrijn Laura P. , Ros Leandra A. , Hulzebos Erik H. , Papazova Diana A. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , van der Pol Ludo W. , Nijman Joppe , Wösten‐van Asperen Roelie M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Children with neuromuscular diseases develop cough impairment. Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) may help to prevent recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTIs). A commonly used ACT is mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation (MI‐E), but evidence for efficacy is limited. We hypothesize that MI‐E has beneficial effect on RTI related hospital admission rate.

Methods

In this single‐center retrospective study, we reviewed all children who used daily MI‐E between 2005 till June 2019. Primary outcome studied was the number of RTIs requiring hospital admission. Patient satisfaction and burden experienced by MI‐E use were explored by questionnaires using a Likert scale. The relative number of RTIs requiring admission and the number of admission days per eligible period before and after the introduction of MI‐E were compared using the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

Thirty‐seven children were included.

The median number of RTI related hospital admissions per 1000 eligible days after the introduction of MI‐E was 0.9 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.0‐3.1) compared to the 3 preceding years (median 3.7; IQR 1.4‐5.9; P = .006). The median number of RTI related admission days per 1000 eligible days after the introduction of MI‐E was significantly lower with a median of 2.7 (IQR 0.0‐17.4) compared to the 3 preceding years (median 33.6; IQR 15.0‐51.1; P = .001). Patient satisfaction was high with low burden, even in patients who discontinued treatment.

Conclusion

A significantly lower number of RTIs requiring hospital admission and shorter admission duration after the introduction of MI‐E was found, with high patient satisfaction and low burden.
Primary malignant lung tumors in children: A report from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, 1983‐2015
Authors: Youlden Danny R. , Foresto Steven A. , Aitken Joanne F.
Published: January 2020

Lung cancers in children under the age of 15 are very uncommon, with a scarcity of literature describing patient characteristics and survival. This study assessed first primary malignant cancers occurring in the trachea, bronchus, or lung (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition [ICD‐O‐3] codes C33‐C34) for the period 1983‐2015, using data from the population‐based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. Variables of interest included morphology, sex, age group, and metastatic status at diagnosis. Mode of treatment was also assessed where possible. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to calculate 5‐year observed survival. Of the 53 in‐scope patients, almost half (n = 23, 43%) were diagnosed with pleuropulmonary blastoma and a further 8 (15%) had a carcinoid tumor. Few of the patients with details available on stage at diagnosis (n = 7 of 43, 16%) presented with metastatic disease. Surgical excision was the most common treatment (30 of 37 children, 81%), with two‐thirds (n = 28 of 43, 65%) receiving chemotherapy. Five‐year observed survival was estimated to be 74% (95% CI = 61%‐85%). Our results represent one of the largest and most complete population‐based cohorts of children with primary malignant lung cancers available to date. Detection of childhood lung cancer can be difficult due to the rarity of this disease and symptoms that are typically nonspecific.
Structure of the BRK domain of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunit BRG1 reveals a potential role in protein–protein interactions
Authors: Allen Mark D. , Bycroft Mark , Zinzalla Giovanna
Published: January 2020

BRG1/SMARCA4 and its paralog BRM/SMARCA2 are the ATPase subunits of human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. These multisubunit assemblies can act as either tumor suppressors or drivers of cancer, and inhibiting both BRG1 and BRM, is emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy in diverse cancers. BRG1 and BRM contain a BRK domain. The function of this domain is unknown, but it is often found in proteins involved in transcription and developmental signaling in higher eukaryotes, in particular in proteins that remodel chromatin. We report the NMR structure of the BRG1 BRK domain. It shows similarity to the glycine‐tyrosine‐phenylalanine (GYF) domain, an established protein–protein interaction module. Computational peptide‐binding‐site analysis of the BRK domain identifies a binding site that coincides with a highly conserved groove on the surface of the protein. This sets the scene for experiments to elucidate the role of this domain, and evaluate the potential of targeting it for cancer therapy.
Strictly dissipative stabilization of multiple‐memory Markov jump systems with general transition rates: A novel event‐triggered control strategy
Authors: Xie Wenqian , Zhang Ruimei , Zeng Deqiang , Shi Kaibo , Zhong Shouming
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the strictly dissipative stabilization problem for multiple‐memory Markov jump systems with network communication protocol. Firstly, for reducing data transmission, we put forward a novel mode‐dependent event‐triggered communication scheme based on aperiodically sampled data. Secondly, a Markov jump system with general transition rates is considered to make the result more applicable, where the transition rates of some jumping modes allow to be completely known, or partially known, or even completely unknown. Thirdly, a less restrictive Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, which is only required to be positive definite at end points of each subinterval of the holding intervals, is first introduced for event‐triggered control issue. Based on the above methods, a sufficient condition with less conservatism is obtained to ensure the stochastic stability and dissipativity of the resulting closed‐loop system. Meanwhile, an explicit design method of the desired controller is achieved. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method.
A Highly Sensitive and Stable SERS Sensor for Malachite Green Detection Based on Ag Nanoparticles In Situ Generated on 3D MoS2 Nanoflowers
Authors: Jiang Jiayu , Shen Qihui , Xue Peng , Qi Hui , Wu Yunpeng , Teng Yifei , Zhang Yuwan , Liu Yan , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: January 2020

The hybrid plasmon composition based on MoS2 has been extensively studied as a higher disposition surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. In this paper, a novel silver nanoparticle based SERS substrate was developed via in situ microwave synthesis approach on a three dimensional (3D) MoS2 nanoflower (MoS2 NF/ Ag NPs). The prepared SERS sensor has strong SERS activity on malachite green (MG), the Raman enhancement factor (EF) is as high as 1.46×1012. The standard Raman signal peak of MG at 1618 cm−1 has a good linear relationship at 10−12 ‐ 10−2 mol⋅L−1. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as approximately 10−14 mol⋅L−1, which shows the good prospects for MG's microtests. In addition, the SERS sensor still shows good SERS performance stability after 112 days, which improves the shelf life of the SERS sensor and can be effectively applied to fishery water monitoring.
A Novel and Efficient Dyes Degradation Using Bentonite Supported Zero‐Valent Iron‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Sabouri Mohammad Reza , Sohrabi Mahmood Reza , Moghaddam Ali Zeraatkar
Published: January 2020

In this research, different nanocomposites were synthesized based on bentonite supported with zero‐valent iron in mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐metallic systems and used to degrade two model anionic dyes, methyl orange and Congo red, from wastewaters. The synergic effect between bentonite and the nanoscale zero‐valent iron‐based tri‐metallic system was investigated along with degradation efficiencies. It was found out that bentonite supported with Fe−Cu‐Ag tri‐metallic nanoscale system yields higher degradation efficiency and maximum synergic effect for both of dyes occurs, especially at acidic medium. Therefore, the characterization of this nanocomposites was conducted by BET, FTIR, SEM‐EDX, TEM and XRD which demonstrated successful loading of nanoscale Fe−Cu‐Ag tri‐metallic onto bentonite clay. All involved variables affecting the dye degradation efficiencies were modeled and optimized using central composite design under batch adsorption procedure. The Nelder‐Mead non‐linear optimization algorithm was used and the outcomes showed the optimum conditions regarding the removal of 300 ppm of both dyes, for the nanocomposites dose of 4.0 mg.mL−1, pH of 3 and contact time of 18 min were attained. Furthermore, dyes adsorption kinetics were investigated. In addition, the proposed nanocomposite was successfully applied to reduce the concentration of methyl orange and Congo red as hazardous dyes in the water and wastewater samples.
1H‐NMR, Photophysical, and pH Studies of 4‐(4,5‐Diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzaldehyde through Experimental and DFT Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Anandhan Karnambaram , Cerón Margarita , Ceballos Paulina , Ramos‐Hernández Rodrigo , Perumal Venkatesan , Pérez‐Gutiérrez Enrique , Sosa‐Rivadeneyra Martha , Thamotharan Subbiah , Percino M. Judith
Published: January 2020

In the present study the molecular structure of compound 4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzaldehyde [DPI‐BA] and its optoelectronic properties are reported. The SCXRD analysis revealed that DPI‐BA crystallizes in the Orthorhombic crystal system and Pca21 space group with Z=4. The intermolecular N‐H⋅⋅N interaction generates a one‐dimensional chain. An interesting halochromic behavior was observed for the DPI‐BA in THF:H2O (9:1) by varying the pH analysis. The fluorescence properties of neutral and acid‐base solutions were monitored by UV‐vis and 1D, 2D‐NMR studies. The HCl vapor was bubbled to the DPI‐BA in the DMSO‐d6 solution and the corresponding fluorescence wavelength changed from green (λem 501 nm) to blue (λem 459 nm). In the case of a basic pH solution was made by adding NaOH flakes to the DPI‐BA DMSO‐d6 solution and then the fluorescence wavelength changed from green to orange (λem 595 nm). The λmax of PL emission could be correlated to intermolecular charge transfer (ICT). The optical absorption and cyclic voltammetry measurement were performed to determine the bandgap. Besides, the quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions through PIXEL, QTAIM, NBO, GIAO‐DFT methods and DFT studies was correlated to the experiments.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in childhood and risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the TRIGR nested case–control ancillary study
Authors:   TRIGR Investigators, Miettinen Maija E. , Niinistö Sari , Erlund Iris , Cuthbertson David , Nucci Anita M. , Honkanen Jarno , Vaarala Outi , Hyöty Heikki , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Knip Mikael , Virtanen Suvi M.
Published: January 2020

Aims/hypothesis

Our aim was to study the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration and islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children with an increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Serum samples for 25OHD measurements were obtained in the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) ancillary study (Divia) from children in 15 countries. Case children (n = 244) were defined as having positivity for at least two out of four diabetes-associated autoantibodies measured at any one sample. For each case child, two control children were selected matched for country and date of birth (±1 year) (n = 488). Of the case children, 144 developed type 1 diabetes. Serum 25OHD was measured repeatedly in infancy and childhood and was compared according to age at the first seroconversion (at 6, 12 and 18 months prior to and at seroconversion) and calendar age (0, 6, 12 and 18 months).

Results

In children with islet autoimmunity, mean serum 25OHD concentration was lower 18 months prior to the age of first seroconversion of the case children compared with the control children (57.7 vs 64.8 nmol/l, p = 0.007). In children with type 1 diabetes (n = 144), mean serum 25OHD concentration was lower 18 months prior to the age of the first seroconversion (58.0 vs 65.0 nmol/l, p = 0.018) and at the calendar age of 12 months (70.1 vs 75.9 nmol/l, p = 0.031) than in their control counterparts. Analyses were adjusted for month of sample collection, human leucocyte antigen genotype, maternal type 1 diabetes and sex.

Conclusions/interpretation

The results suggest that early postnatal vitamin D may confer protection against the development of type 1 diabetes.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00179777
Technische Umsetzung der Qualitätssicherung bei der intravitrealen operativen Medikamenteneingabe (IVOM)
Authors: Bucher F. , Mussinghoff P. , Kühn T. , Stahl A. , Böhringer D.
Published: January 2020

Hintergrund

Eine erfolgreiche Qualitätssicherung bei der intravitrealen operativen Medikamenteneingabe (IVOM) setzt eine komplexe informationstechnologische Infrastruktur voraus. Eine ortsungebundene Datenverfügbarkeit, die Standardisierung klinischer Daten sowie die Integration umfangreicher und aktuell nicht standardisierter Bilddokumente aus der Kohärenztomographie sowie die Einhaltung datenschutzrechtlicher Vorgaben stellen wesentliche Herausforderungen dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

In diesem Beitrag werden technische und datenschutzrechtliche Grundsätze bei der technischen Implementierung beleuchtet.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgt eine systematische Darstellung und Diskussion wesentlicher Teilaspekte bei der Implementierung einer Qualitätssicherung bei IVOM.

Ergebnisse

Im Bereich der Netzwerkstruktur haben Web-basierte Anwendungen ergänzt um lokale virtuelle private Netzwerke (VPN) und/oder andere Softwareinstanzen den früher üblichen Datenträgeraustausch ersetzt. Bei der Erfassung von Behandlungsdaten spielt die Standardisierung der Daten z. B. durch Umwandlung der Visusdaten in „logMAR“ eine wichtige Rolle. Multiple optische Kohärenztomographen mit nicht standardisierten Datenformaten erschweren die Anbindung an eine allgemeine Qualitätssicherungsstruktur sowie die Vergleichbarkeit der Daten.

Diskussion

Internationale Standards werden dies in der näheren Zukunft vermutlich erleichtern. Bis dahin müssen individuelle Lösungen vor Ort gefunden werden.
Interannual and interdecadal impact of Western North Pacific Subtropical High on tropical cyclone activity
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Xiaochun , Tao Li
Published: January 2020

In this study, we analyzed the impacts of Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity on both interannual and interdecadal timescales. Based on a clustering analysis method, we grouped TCs in the Western North Pacific into three clusters according to their track patterns. We mainly focus on Cluster 1 (C1) TCs in this work, which is characterized by forming north of 15° N and moving northward. On interannual timescale, the number of C1 TCs is influenced by the intensity variability of the WNPSH, which is represented by the first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of 850 hPa geopotential height of the region. The WNPSH itself is modulated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation at its peak phase in the previous winter, as well as Indian and Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies in following seasons. The second EOF mode shows the interdecadal change of WNPSH intensity. The interdecadal variability of WNPSH intensity related to the Pacific climate regime shift could cause anomalies of the steering flow, and lead to the longitudinal shift of C1 TC track. Negative phases of interdecadal Pacific oscillation are associated with easterly anomaly of steering flow, westward shift of C1 TC track, and large TC impact on the East Asia coastal area.
Changes in forward light scatter parameters as a function of refractive error in young adults
Authors: Nagra Manbir , Patel Mansi , Barbur John
Published: January 2020

Background/aims

Some aspects of visual performance worsen with increasing myopia. Whilst the underlying causes are not always clear, reduction in retinal image quality is often attributed to structural changes in the posterior myopic eye. Forward light scatter, originating principally from the cornea and lens, is known to produce veiling glare which subsequently reduces retinal image contrast. It is therefore of interest to investigate whether forward light scatter varies with refractive error.

Methods

Thirteen young-adult subjects (18–25 years), with mean spherical errors (MSE ± sd, D) RE, − 1.69 ± 2.02 (range 0.38 to − 4.75); LE, − 1.91 ± 1.94 (range 0.50 to − 4.63) underwent binocular assessment of forward light scatter using the AVOT light scatter test. Five glare annuli, with effective eccentricities ranging from 2 to 10°, were used to estimate parameters, k and n, which define the light scatter function of the eye. These were then used to calculate the area under the light scatter function (k′) and the total volume of light scatter (k″).

Results

Significant correlation was found between increasing myopia and k′ values (RE, p < 0.05; r = 0.64; LE, p < 0.05, r = 0.66). Neither the ‘volume’ of light scatter (k″), the parameter, n, which controls the angular distribution of light scatter, or the straylight parameter constant, k, were significantly correlated with refractive error (p > 0.05 for both eyes). Axial length was also not correlated with any of the light scatter parameters measured.

Conclusion

The preliminary data from this study provide evidence that some light scatter parameters may be correlated with refractive error. Further studies are needed to characterize how changes in the anterior media of the eye, and inclusion of a wider range of refractive errors, may affect forward light scatter.