bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New tourism product forecasting – application of Bass Diffusion Model and Grey Forecasting Model
Authors: Abu N. , Khaidi S.M , Muhammad N.
Published: December 2020

Previous researches usually applied Bass diffusion model (BDM) in forecasting the new product in various areas. This is the first application of BDM to the new tourism product since the model had been developed by Frank M. Bass in 1969. On the other hand, Grey forecasting model able to deal with limited number of data. Both BDM and grey forecasting model have been used in various areas in the forecasting studies. Taking advantages of both models, the combination of both Bass and grey model, called grey Bass forecasting model is applied in the context of the new tourism product forecasting. The objective of this study is to forecast the new tourism product demand in Malaysia using the developed model. Yearly visitors from two ecotourism resorts in Pahang, Tanah Aina Fahad and Tanah Aina Farrah Soraya from 2014 until 2018 are used. The results show that both BDM and grey Bass forecasting model are suitable in forecasting the new tourism product. The authors also suggest other factors affecting the attendance of visitors to be included in further research to conclude which model perform better in the future.
Firm mass in thyroid of an elderly patient: not always cancer
Authors: Prete Alessandro , Cosentino Giada , Manetti Luca , Ambrosini Carlo Enrico , Papini Piermarco , Marinò Michele , Torregrossa Liborio , Marcocci Claudio , Elisei Rossella , Lupi Isabella
Published: December 2020

In elderly patients presenting with a solid thyroid mass, the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesion is not always straightforward. We present the case of an 85-year-old woman with fever and an enlarged, firm and painful thyroid mass. Blood exams documented a mild thyrotoxicosis with a moderate inflammatory status. Thyroid scintiscan showed an absent uptake of 131I. Ultrasound and CT scan documented a 3 cm hypoechoic nodule with infiltration of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, very suspicious for neoplastic nature. Fine-needle aspiration and tru-cut biopsy were performed. During biopsy, the lesion was partially drained and a brownish fluid was extracted. The culture resulted positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae whereas the pathological analysis of the specimen was not conclusive due to the presence of an intense inflammatory response. A targeted oral antibiotic therapy was then initiated, obtaining only a partial response thus, in order to achieve a definite diagnosis, a minimally invasive hemithyroidectomy was performed. The pathological analysis documented acute suppurative thyroiditis and the clinical conditions of the patient significantly improved after surgical removal of thyroid abscess. In elderly patients with a solid thyroid mass, although neoplastic origin is quite frequent, acute suppurative thyroiditis should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Learning points:

A solid and rapidly growing thyroid mass in elderly patients can hide a multifaceted variety of diseases, both benign and malign.

A multidisciplinary team (endocrinologist, surgeon, radiologist and pathologist) could be necessary in order to perform a correct differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach.

Surgery can be decisive not only to clarify a clinically uncertain diagnosis, but also to rapidly improve the clinical conditions of the patient.
Drones in Libraries: The Development of an Interdisciplinary Research Service Using Drones and 3D Modeling Technologies at Ryerson University Library
Authors: Jakubek Dan , Tran Jimmy
Published: December 2020

On June 1, 2019, new rules for flying a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) or “drone” in Canada came into effect, requiring drone pilot certification to operate any drone between 250 g and 25 kg. In response to new regulations and the needs of our researchers, the Ryerson Library has initiated the development of a research service dedicated to supporting the use of drones and 3D modeling technologies. Before cancellation due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the joint CAG/CCA/CARTO-ACMLA conference - CAG 2020: Resilience on a Dynamic Planet - provided a national venue to showcase our progress to date. This report will summarize our workshop content and outline existing collaborations and future directions for our research and service.
Going Global: GIS Day(s) 2020
Authors: Sutherland Elizabeth , Woloschuk Sarah , Berry Veronica
Published: December 2020

GIS Day, a traditional drop-in and interactive event to promote and celebrate geospatial technology, is recognized by most if not all OCUL institutions. This year, the event went digital, thanks to Western University Library and several OCUL institututions, organizations, and over 30 volunteers, and 47 presenters.  This article summarizes the planning, delivery and execution of this event.
My Protracted Stay in New Zealand 2019-2020; So Far!
Authors: Wood Alberta Auringer
Published: December 2020

Alberta Auringer Wood describes her visit to the State Library of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia
GitHub and Jekyll for Publishing GIS Workshop Content
Authors: Thornberry Evan , White Phil
Published: December 2020

In this article, we describe GitHub in simple terms and demonstrate its practical value as a platform for delivering workshop instruction. This article stems from a virtual pre-conference workshop we delivered at the 2020 annual meeting of the Western Association of Map Libraries (WAML). We describe an easily replicated workflow for publishing workshop materials and documentation to the web using GitHub Pages and provide a GitHub repository that readers of this article can copy and customize to suit their own workshop needs.
Por las rutas de América. Tibor Sekelj en el Diario de Costa Rica
Authors: Jancsó Katalin
Published: December 2020

Tibor Sekelj, explorador, antropólogo, periodista y escritor, de padres húngaros, fue un ciudadano del mundo. Su vida aventurera inició en 1939, en América Latina, donde pasó quince años realizando expediciones andinistas y viajes de investigación a territorios habitados por comunidades indígenas, sobre todo en Brasil. Sus primeros libros publicados trataron sobre sus expediciones y fueron seguidos por publicaciones relacionadas con sus viajes posteriores en Europa, Asia y África. En América Latina, Sekelj visitó una serie de países, entre ellos Costa Rica en 1953. Después de su llegada a San José, el Diario de Costa Rica adquirió los derechos exclusivos para publicar veinte de sus artículos escritos sobre sus experiencias y viajes en América. El objetivo del presente ensayo es, además de describir brevemente la trayectoria de Sekelj en el subcontinente, presentar el proyecto costarricense mencionado, utilizando como fuente sus artículos, que se conservan en una colección privada.
Optimization of process variables for briquetting of biochar from corn stover
Authors: Jiao Wenqiao , Tabil Lope Galindo , Xin Mingjin , Song Yuqiu , Chi Bowen , Wu Liyan , Chen Tianyou , Meng Jun , Bai Xuewei
Published: December 2020

Instead of compressing biomass into briquettes, this study considers the compression of biochar. Densification is necessary for biochar to increase bulk density for convenience of handling, transportation, and storage. Response surface methodology was employed, and briquetting of biochar from corn stover was carried out in this study to investigate the effects of moisture content (at levels of 16, 17.6, 20, 22.4, and 24%), pressure (at levels of 21.5, 25, 30, 35, and 38.5 MPa), and residence time (at levels of 4, 6.4, 10, 13.6, and 16 s), on crushing resistance, dimensional stability of briquettes, and specific energy consumption of briquetting. The results showed that the effects of the variables on each evaluation index were significant (P < 0.01), the influence order was obtained, and the regression models are set up. The optimum condition for the briquetting process was moisture content of 18.5%, pressure of 38.5 MPa, and residence time of 4 s, giving mean values of the briquette crushing resistance of 49.9 N, dimensional stability of 93.8%, and specific energy consumption of briquetting of 4.41 MJ/t, respectively. The errors between the predicted values and the experimental values are all less than 5%.
Optimization of alkali, big bluestem particle size, and extruder parameters for maxium enzymatic sugar recovery using response surface methodology
Authors: Karunanithy Chinnadurai , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan
Published: December 2020

Extrusion can be a viable continuous biomass pretreatment that industry can adopt readily due to its uniqueness (including pretreatment time less than 90 s) over other pretreatment methods. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the combined effect of alkali soaking and extrusion of big bluestem to improve the sugar recovery to nearly quantitative. In order to evaluate the combined effect of alkali soaking and extrusion on the performance of enzymatic saccharification, big bluestem (2-10 mm) was soaked in different alkali concentrations (0.5-2.5 % w/v NaOH) for 30 min at room temperature and then extruded using a lab scale single screw extruder at various barrel temperatures (45-225°C) and screw speeds (20-200 rpm). Statistical analyses confirmed that all the independent variables considered had a significant effect on sugar recovery. A proposed quadratic model to predict sugar recovery had high F and R2 values with a low p value, and adequately represented the relationship among the independent variables on sugar recovery. The optimum pretreatment condition found was the following: 90°C barrel temperature, 155 rpm screw speed, 2.0% alkali concentration, and 4 mm particle size resulted the maximum glucose, xylose, and combined sugar recovery of 90.1, 91.5, and 89.9%, respectively.
CIVIL SOCIETY AS DRIVER IN DEMOCRACY DISCOURSE OF ADULT LEARNING POLICY IN UKRAINE
Authors: LAZORENKO Olena
Published: December 2020

The article is focused on some aspects of development adult learning and education policy in Ukraine from stakeholders` perspective, and active role of the Ukrainian civil society in this discourse. This was facilitated by conducting analytical research and further advocacy activities on the protection and representation of interests in Ukraine in 2018-2019. Adult learning and education following the change in UNESCO’s terminology from «adult education» to «adult learning and education» (abbreviated - ALE), is interpreted as a permanent activity aimed at acquiring, recognizing and applying key skills. Acquisition of new skills, abilities and knowledge by adults usually occurs after they receive basic education and enter the labour market. In European practice, this covers formal, non-formal and informal forms of adult learning. Stakeholders were involved in the analytical re- search through a survey of experts; participation in a practical seminar on peer review workshop, which was held in the format of a progress meeting to present the Policy Research Report and discuss the preliminary results; virtual discussion of analytical documents. Usually, adult learning policy promotes social well-being and integration, employment and active civil participation. Ukraine lack of consolidate active state adult learning policy during the whole period of its independence since 1991. The problem-solving options proposed in the research and validated by stakeholders are presented in this article. The article will be interesting for social philosophy, educational & learning academic and non-academic researchers, policy-makers and practitioners.
Effect of iron, zinc and boron on the growth, physiological state, productivity and storability of Allium Sativum L.
Authors: Yatsenko V. , Ulianych O. , Yanowskiy Y.
Published: December 2020

The importance of studying in agriculture the impact of individual micronutrients on the course of production processes and their impact on the quality of garlic is an important issue. The influence of iron, zinc and boron in different norms against the background of the recommended norm NPK. The research results showed significant increasing of chlorophyll content by the application of Iron 10 and 20 kg/ha – 12.0 and 16.4%; by the application zinc increasing of chlorophyll was significant on all variants – 15.1; 48.0 and 30.4% in respectively with the norms. By the application of boron content of chlorophyll was the least significant – 10.9% at the maximum norm – 6 kg/ha. The dynamic activity of antioxidant enzymes was similar before the dynamics of growth processes. The activity of the enzyme was highest for the optimal norms of micronutrients. Among the studied complex of the enzymes most significantly increases actityes catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Zinc has the greatest effect on the formation of bulb mass. The increase in bulb weight by the application of zinc fertilizer was significant in all variants – + 14.3–20.0% to control. Fertilization with microelements in the minimum and optimal norms contributed to a significant increase in yield, the application of maximum norms led to a decrease in productivity in general, except boron, where plant productivity increased with increasing norms, from which it can be concluded that garlic needs were insufficient 6 kg/ha is not the maximum. With fertilization of iron in the norms of 10 and 20 kg/ha the yield increase was 4.26 and 4.85 t/ha and was significant, by the application of 30 kg/ha of iron the yield of garlic was higher than the control by 3.70 t/ha. Zinc fertilization had the best effect on yield increase (+ 4.25–5.12 t/ha). A significant increase in yield for boron fertilization was observed at the maximum rate (+3.26 t/ha). By the application of zinc and boron contributed to the extension of the marketability of garlic bulbs to 210 and 220 days for warm storage and up to 240 and 260 days for cold. During warm storage, after 210 and 260 days – during cold storage there was a mass germination of the cloves. Bulbs of the control variant and y the application of iron germinated after 120 and 180 and 190–210 days according to the variant and storage regime. Further research is to study the combinations of the studied micronutrients on physiological processes and biochemical parameters and to optimize their norms for local fertilization.
Operating value and economic efficiency of Large White breed sows
Authors: Khalak V. , Gutyj B. , Bordun O.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the reproductive qualities of Large White breed sows of Hungarian origin and their operational value. We also determined they economic efficiency. The experimental part of the research was conducted in agricultural formations of Dnipro region (AALLC "Druzhba-Kaznachejivka", Ltd. "Vidrodzhennja") and livestock laboratories of the State establishment Institute of Grain Crops NAAS. Evaluation of sows on the main indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities was performed taking into account the following quantitative characteristics: life expectancy, months, duration of breeding use, farrowing was obtained, total piglets were obtained, heads, live piglets were obtained, heads, fertility of heads, nest masst at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (kg), preservation (%), duration of between farrowing period, days, number of unproductive days per farrowing. It is defined that sows of Large White breed of the controlled herd on the main indicators of reproductive qualities (fertility, head; nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg) meet the minimum requirements of class I and elite class. A significant difference between the groups of animals of the categories "high operational value" and “low operational value” was defined by indicators “life expectancy, months” (29.9 months, td = 13.71), ”duration of breeding use, months” (29.6 months, td = 14.50), "farrowings were obtained" (5.7 farrowings, td = 14.50), "total piglets were obtained, heads" (70.5, heads, td = 13.85), "obtained live piglets, heads" (67.7 heads, td = 20.83), "fertility, heads " (3.3 heads, td = 10.31), nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (6.5 kg, td = 2.55). Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities in sows of different operational value ranged from -0.785 to +0.856. The maximum supplement in additional products on the indicator “nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg” was obtained from sows of the category "high operational value" - 6.03%.
Protein metabolism, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue in Large White weaners
Authors: Khalak V. , Horchanok A. , Kuzmenko O.
Published: December 2020

We presented the blood serum biochemical parameters, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue in Large White weaners of British origin. We found that serum biochemical parameters in five months weaners were within the physiological norm (the content of total protein was 71.28 g/l (?V = 8.16%), creatinine concentration was 155.62 µmol L-1 (?V = 14.13%). Studies of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of samples of Longissinus dorsi muscle of Large White young pigs show that the number of high quality samples in terms of moisture holding capacity, % is 12.0%, colour intensity, units of ext.×1000 – 16.0%, tenderness, s – 12.0% and fat content, % – 16.0%. We revealed significant correlations between moisture holding capacity and protein content (r = -0.484, tr = 2.65), moisture holding capacity and hygroscopic moisture content (r = 0.402, tr = 2.11). The correlation between total protein content in blood serum and fat content in muscle tissue was -0.257 (tr = 1.28), whereas the correlation between serum total protein content and calcium content in muscle tissue was 0.375 (tr = 1.94).
Evaluation of Ag, Cu, Fe and MnO2 nanoparticle mixture effecton histomorphological state of internal organs and tissues in laying hens
Authors: Orobchenko O.L. , Romanko M.E. , Paliy A.P.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of an impact assessment of a mixture of nanoparticles (MNPs) of metals (Ag, Cu, Fe) and manganese oxide (MnO2) on the histomorphological state of internal organs and tissues of laying hens. The study of a subchronic effect of an experimental sample of MNPs on the organism of laying hens was conducted on a Hayrase Brown cross-breed (n=112), weighing 1.5-1.8 kg at the age of 365 days. Colloidal solutions of MNPs (group II – 0.3 mg/kg, group III – 4.0 mg/kg body weight) and a mixture of salts of a corresponding metals (group I – 0.3 mg/kg body weight) were daily administrated to experimental groups of poultry as feed compound additives during 30 days. Distilled water was added to the compound feed for a control group of hens. Euthanasia of chickens (n=7) was performed by using inhalation chloroform anesthesia on a 15th and 30th day after exposure as well as 7 and 15 days after a termination of the drug exposure. Internal organs were selected for histomorphological studies. It has been found that changes of the morphological structure of the liver and kidneys established in chickens under the influence of MNPs in a toxic dose and occurred on the 30th day after the start and on the 7th day after the termination of it’s a exposure. There were a thickness of the walls and lesions of the epithelial cells of the bile duct, a desquamation of a part of epithelial cells, a presence of granular dystrophy of the epithelium of the urinary tubules with elements of necrosis and hemorrhages. This testifies to the presence of dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, bile ducts, bile passages and urinary tubules.
Features of experimental modeling of tuberculosis in guinea pig with the participation of N'-(2-(5-((thephylline-7' yl)methyl)-4-R-1,2,4-triazole- ylthio)acethyl)isonicotinohydrazide
Authors: Gotsulya A.S. , Zazhzharskiy V.V. , Davidenko P.O.
Published: December 2020

In this study, no toxic effects were detected after single subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg tadpoles. The results of macro- and microscopic examination of the internal organs 14 days after single subcutaneous administration of N'-(2-(5-((thephylline-7'-yl)methyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)acethyl)isonicotino-hydrazide (GKP-305) at a dose of 20, 40 mg/kg showed the absence of any anatomical and morphological abnormalities in the tissue structures of the tentacles. The calculated value of the drug indicates a high degree of safety GKP-305 and its prospects for veterinary practice as an effective and safe tuberculocidal drug.
Endoparasic diseases of ostriches in eastern Ukraine
Authors: Paliy A.P. , Sumakova N.V. , Petrov R.V.
Published: December 2020

In ostrich farming is difficult to obtain the necessary production and economic results without protection of bird health. We determined the incidence of parasitic ostriches during the period of growing and keeping on specialized eco-zoos. Samples from small and large farms, as well as eco-parks in Kharkiv, Dnepr and Donetsk regions of Ukraine, were examined during 2016- 2020. We performed a parasitological study of 159 samples from three species of ostriches (black African ostrich, Australian common Emu (Dromaius), Rhea). Infestation of ostriches of different ages with two types of nematodes and Eimeria was established. We determoined that the population of ostriches in specialized farms and eco-zoos was infested with nematodes and protozoa with an extensiveness of invasion from 7.7% to 71.4% among adult birds, while young ostriches were infested with Emeria from 20.0% to 44.4%. The largest invasion by helminths and protozoa was observed among black African ostriches in Kharkiv region (41.4%), in Dnepr region it was 33.3%, and in Donetsk it reached 34.1%. Among the livestock of ostriches, there were both mono and mixinvasions. Most often, this was an invasion by Trichostrongylus spp. and Eimeria spp. in African black ostriches, capillaries and Eimeria in Emu. In Kharkiv region, the invasion of Capillaria by Trichostrongylus in African ostriches and Trichostrongylus in Emu were found when they were kept together. Acute and chronic eimeriosis disease can lead to the death of ostriches at the age of 3-4 months.
Influence of Triaenophorus nodulosus invasion on morphobiological parameters of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in Shatsk National Nature Park reservoirs
Authors: Vovk N. , Kononenko R. , Shvets A.
Published: December 2020

It was conducted comprehensive ichthyological and ichthyopatological research of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) populations in lakes of Shatsk National Nature Park and the impact of Triaenophorus nodulosus invasion on its size, weight and reproductive ability. Morphometric analysis, absolute and relative fecundity of fish were determined by the methods generally accepted in ichthyology. Clinical examination of fish (2,225 specimens, including European perch -1650 specimens) was performed during control catches. Simultaneously, the weight, size, and age of the fish were determined. Morphometric analysis was performed on 120 specimens of perch with the length of 104.4-194.8 mm and the weight of 16.4-177.6 g. Pathoanatomic autopsy of the fish was performed in the field and laboratory conditions. Parasitological studies were performed by the method of incomplete parasitological analysis. The extent and intensity of the invasion were determined. When conducting research on the parasitofauna of native fish species in the lakes of the Shatsk National Nature Park, it was found their infestation with helminths of various systematic positions (Triaenophorus nodulosus, Khawia sinensis, Raphidascaris. acus, and Philometroides lusiana). Perch was the most infected with the helminths. The invasion caused by the plerocercoid of Cestoda T. Nodulosus was the most intensive (18.2-56.3%, depending on the reservoir). There was a significant difference in the measurements of non-infested and infested with T. nodulosus fish individuals of the same age, we also registered significant lag in growth and a decrease in body weight among the infested specimens. A steady trend towards a decrease in fecundity parameters was also observed in infested fish. Thus, in non-infested individuals of 4-year perch, the highest individual absolute fecundity (IAF) was 6.7 thousand eggs against 3.1 thousand eggs in the infested perch (Lucimer lake). The lowest IAF – 3.9 thousand eggs against 2.0 thousand eggs in the infested perch specimesn was found in Chorne Velyke lake. In non-infested individuals of 5-year perch, the highest IAF index was 9.4 thousand eggs when compared to 6.8 thousand in the infested perch (Pulemetske lake). The lowest IAF was 6.3 thousand eggs (Chorne Velyke lake). The highest IAF was recorded in perch from Pulemetske lake (34.6 thousand eggs in non-infested versus 10.3 thousand eggs in infested specimens). The lowest IAF was observed in perch from Chorne Velyke lake (9.1 and 6.6 thousand eggs, respectively). There was decrease in fish size, weight and fecundity in perch infested with Tr. nodulosus, but it did not affect the reproductive fish ability.
Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Cows and Sheep in Antenatal Pathology
Authors: Sklyarov P. , Fedorenko S. , Naumenko S.
Published: December 2020

It has been established that antenatal pathology causes changes in the oxidant/antioxidant balance indices of cows within the range from 24.3% to 41.5%, and in sheep - 17.2-26.2%. In particular, in cows the content of serum catalase decreased by 29.9% and that of superoxide dismutase - by 29.1%, in erythrocytes, catalase - by 35.7%, and reduced glutathione - by 28.0%, and by hemoglobin by 24.3%, the number of red blood cells - by 28.7% and the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate - by 41.5%. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde in serum and erythrocytes, on the contrary, increased by 32.4% and 32.5%, respectively, and there was a change in oxidant/antioxidant balance from 1 : 1 to 1 : 3 conventional units. In sheep, the content of serum catalase decreased by 17.2% and that of superoxide dismutase - by 21.6%, in erythrocytes catalase - by 23.9% and in reduced glutathione - by 21.1%, hemoglobin content decreased by 26.2%, the number of erythrocytes - by 24,1% and the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate - by 21.2%. While the content of malondialdehyde in blood serum and in erythrocytes, on the contrary, increased by 23.7% and 22.3%, respectively, and the change in oxidant/antioxidant balance occurred from 2:1 to 1:3 conventional units.
Influence of antibacterial agents on vaccine strains of Anthrax
Authors: Zaviryukha H.A. , Yanenko U.M. , Vasylieva T.B.
Published: December 2020

Neutralization of spore-forming pathogenic microflora is carried out by solutions of disinfectants repeatedly. Antibacterial agents when used uncontrolled can reduce the sensitivity of microorganisms and as a result cause severe complications. Of considerable interest is the combined use of antibiotics with antibacterial drugs of plant origin. The use of antimicrobial agents of plant origin is due to their low toxicity, the possibility of long-term use, greater availability and ability to biodegradation, while synthetic drugs: antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, antiseptics have strong activity. Therefore, of great interest is the combined use of antibiotics with antibacterial drugs of plant origin. The object of our study were vaccine strains of the anthrax pathogen: B. anthracis K-79Z, B. anthracis 34F2 and anthrax-like bacilli B. cereus 8035, in spore form, disinfectants – sterilium (classic pur), ethanol 96%, alcohol solutions chlorophyllipt (1%) and propolis (7%). Studies have shown that bacteria of the strain B. cereus 8035 were insensitive to disinfectants of non-vegetable origin in the native and diluted state at exposures of 30, 60, 120 minutes and 24 hours of incubation, as evidenced by the intensive growth of the culture on meat-peptone agar (MPA). In the study of the disinfecting effect of 96% ethanol and sterile on the B. anthracis K-79Z strain, it was found that after exposure for 30, 60, 120 minutes and 24 hours, bacterial growth is recorded when using the native and disinfectant. Strains B. anthracis K-79Z and B. cereus 8035 were found to be more resistant to the action of disinfectants of plant and synthetic origin. In the future, we plan to continue the study of strains of the anthrax pathogen and anthrax bacilli on the sensitivity to disinfectants and to determine the relationship between the toxigenic characteristics of the strains.
Using of Taraxacum officinale (L.) pollens for the urban park bioindication
Authors: Mazura M. , Miroshnyk N. , Teslenko I.
Published: December 2020

Palinoindication of 6 parks of the urban ecosystem of Kiev using Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. population, was carried out. There is a general trend towards an increase in the amount of nonviable pollen with an increase in anthropogenic load. In the example of T. officinale, this is manifested in a gradual increase to 27% of non-viable pollen on the pollution gradient. With the deterioration of the ecological situation in the studied test polygons, an increase in the number of teratomorphic pollen grains up to 41.10% in Babin Yar tract was recorded. According to the level of palynotoxic action (PE, %), only 2 gradations were revealed in the parks under study: initial and effective. The sublethal effect (highly toxic) has not been established, since the level of pollen sterility in our studies did not exceed 45,2%. The largest number of pollen grains with developmental pathologies (teratomorphic) – 41.10% – was recorded in the Babin Yar tract, the state of which, according to the anthropogenic load index (Jal), is characterized as poor. At the same time, the percentage of teratomorphic pollen grains in T. officinale plants in more favorable environmental conditions (control) does not exceed 16.50%. For the bioindication assessment of the park ecosystems state in the megalopolis, the most indicative were the index of sterility, palynotoxic effect and the content of teratomorphic pollen grains, which increases with the gradient of anthropogenic load.
Life history and population dynamics of Aspidiotus nerii (Bouche, 1833), Homoptera: Diaspididae, Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1751), Homoptera: Lecanidae and Pollinia pollini (Costa, 1857), Homoptera: Asterolecanidae on olive trees in the Blida Region (Algeria)
Authors: Asmaa Guessab , Biche M. , Biche M.
Published: December 2020

The work consists of a study on the level of infestation of the 3 species of olive-infused mealybugs at the two stations (Soumaa and Guerrouaou) in the Blida région, with particular attention to the évolution of Pollinia pollini (Asterolecanidae), Octaspidiotus nerii (Diaspididae) and Saissetia oleae (Lecanidae). Unlike the Soumaa station, there is a large infestation in the Guerrouaou station by the three (most abundant) species with a high rate. The life cycle monitoring and the bio-ecology of these three pests were carried out through periodic population counts on the leaves and twigs of the tree from 08 August 2016 to 29 May 2017 in the wilaya of Blida. It appears that the study of the biology of P.pollini evolves in 2 annual generations (the first is the spring generation; the second is through the summer. The larval stage remains the most abandoned compared to other developmental stages. The South orientation seems the most affectionate by P.pollini. We can conclude that O .nerii has two generations « spring and automne » depending on climatic factors. The East and West exposure represent the places most sought after by this scale where we found a relative abundance between larvae and adult females. S. oleae develops only one generation per year (automnal génération). Females are the most abundant in Soumaa station and larvae in Guerrouaou station. The eastern orientation and the automne season are the most favourable for the development of the mealybug.
Physiological age of female bloodsucking midges (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the south of Tyumen region
Authors: Fiodorova O.A. , Kozlov S.A. , Fiodorova O.A.
Published: December 2020

Despite the fact that blood-sucking flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are mass bloodsuckers in a number of regions of Siberia and Far East, their biology in Russia and in countries of far abroad is still little studied. The purpose of this work is to study the physiological age of female flies in the subzone of the southern taiga of Tyumen region. Physiological age of female flies was determined by the method of V.P. Polovodova and T.S. Detinova, which was initially developed for mosquitoes, with a modification for black gnats by the number of “yellow bodies” - extensions of egg tube-ducks. Studies on the physiological age of females of one species of blood-sucking flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Byssodon maculatus Mg., found in the subzone of the southern taiga of the forest zone. The species are mass bloodsuckers. It completes mainly one gonotrophic cycle, however by the end of the season the number females having laid eggs two times reaches 20-30%. A large portion of the female population (10 -22%) fails to complete any gonotrophic cycle. Due to the cold times at the end of the summer season, there is a rejuvenation of the population due to the death of physiologically old females. Comparing changes in population and age composition of females allows to claim that the first two species have two and the last one - just one geniture during the season. Determination of the physiological age of the female or the number of gonotrophic cycles done by a female, and accordingly, number of blood suckings is of practical interest, not only a theoretical one, since it gives the possibility to evaluate the epidemiological situation in areas where flies are vectors of a number of infectious and invasionary diseases of thalaremia, onchocercosis, simulidotoxicosis. All this points to the relevance of the study of population density as vectors of infections in the territory of the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, it was not carried out extensively, and even some research is being done in the framework of narrow studies and only in some regions.
Legal and environmental problems of personal data protection under commercialization of Big Data
Authors: Vasiliev A.A. , Pechatnova Yu.V. , Pechatnova Yu.V.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the legal-environmental problems of personal data protection related to the use of artificial intelligence-based programs of information collection, processing and storage. The normative and legal acts on personal data protection are presented, attention is paid to the international experience of legal regulation of this field. The scope of the changes that have occurred in the field of personal data protection due to the appearance and rapid increase of the "Big Data". The materials of the jurisprudence on the commercialization of the "Big Data" and, as a consequence, the violation of the existing legal regime of personal data protection are analyzed. In conclusion, a legal assessment of the risks of deanonymization of personal data and possible options to address the problem of implementation of personal data legislation in an era of rapid development of Big Data are proposed.
Impact of various milking equipment on incidence of mastitis in dairy herd
Authors: Palii A.P. , Kovalchuk Y.O. , Boyko Y.A.
Published: December 2020

It was found that the lowest percentage of cows with mastitis was recorded in winter: 10.3% (P≤0.001) when milking with ‘De Laval’ equipment and 17.7% (P≤0.001) when milking with the ADM-8A unit. The highest incidence of mastitis in cows was observed in summer: 21.0% (P≤0.001) and 27.1% (P≤0.001), respectively, when milking cows at milking parlors ‘De Laval’ and ADM-8A. It was found that, when using milking equipment ADM-8A, adult cows are 2.1-1.7 times more prone to mastitis compared to cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. When milking cows with the ‘De Laval’ unit, the incidence of mastitis in adult cows is 4.3-1.1 times higher than in cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. Gentle milking mode on the ‘De Laval’ equipment allowed to increase the number of completely healthy animals to 74%, which is 9.6% more than when using the milking unit ADM-8A (64.4%), and to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis in cows by 3.4 times. It has been established that in cows with disorders in the udder the content of somatic cells in the secretion of the udder significantly changes (with a high degree of correlation) in all periods of the functional state of the body. Thus, during subclinical mastitis r=l0.72 (P≤0.001) and udder irritation r=l0.58 (P≤0.05). At the beginning of lactation, subclinical mastitis is accompanied with significant changes in the activity of enzymes: muramidase r=l0.84 (P≤0.001), lactoperoxidase r=l0.65 (P≤0.01) and lactoferrin r=l0.66 (P≤0.01).
Leaf blade anatomy of the rare Siberian flora species Mertensia sibirica (L.) G. Don fil. (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Belaeva T.N. , Butenkova A.N.
Published: December 2020

The authors present the findings of a leaf blade anatomy study for the rare relict Siberian flora species Mertensia sibirica (L.) G. Don fil. (Boraginaceae). They collected samples for the study from natural habitats in Chita Region (Chikoy Range) and then planted them in the introduction area of the Siberian Botanic Garden (Tomsk) located in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia. The parameters of the photosynthetic and stomatal complex of M. sibirica were studied for the first time. It was found out that the rosette and cauline leaves of the species under study are hypostomatous, with an anomocytic stomatal complex. The epidermis is single-layer. On average, the adaxial epidermis has larger cells vs. abaxial epidermis. The leaf mesophyll is 242.90–369.90 µm thick, dorsiventral. The adaxial side of the leaf comprises glandular trichomes surrounded with pronounced rosettes of cells in the base part. The cauline leaf significantly differs from the rosette leaf in finer cells of its adaxial and abaxial epidermis (and, consequently, their larger number per 1 mm2), while the adaxial epidermal cells are thicker, and in a larger number of stomata in the abaxial epidermis. The palisade mesophyll in the cauline leaf is more developed vs. the rosette leaf, while the cells are longer and the palisade/spongy mesophyll ratio is higher. The rosette leaves have a more developed system of vascular tissues vs. cauline ones, as they play the main role in providing plants with water and nutrients. The contribution of the cauline leaf palisade mesophyll to the photosynthetic potential of M. sibirica is higher vs. that of the rosette leaf (the ratio between palisade and spongy mesophyll is 0.45 vs. 0.36, respectively), which characterizes the cauline leaf as more heliophytic. The stomatal complex and mesophyll parameters under study are primarily characterized by low variance. As for dermal tissue parameters, medium variance is typical of the thickness and size of the abaxial and adaxial epidermal cells. Coefficients of variation for the cells of the upper mesophyll layer (CV=31.2–41.6%) and the number of stomata on the lower epidermis of the rosette leaf (CV=21.5%) demonstrate medium and high variance. A very high coefficient of variation (116.2–174.0) is registered for the adaxial epidermis parameter characterizing the density of trichomes per 1 mm2. The study results were used to develop an optimal M. sibirica cultivation regime under conditions of introduction in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia.
Strategy for modification of the bovine beta-lactoglobulin geneusing components of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in plasmid form
Authors: Koloskova E.M. , Ezerskiy V.A. , Ostrenko K.S.
Published: December 2020

Using on-line programs, sites were selected for obtaining double-stranded breaks in the BLG gene of cattle. The strategy for making double-stranded cuts in the BLG gene was developed taking into account the polymorphic variant of the gene (A-allele): DNA was isolated from bovine sperm used for fertilization of cow eggs in vitro. Four pX330 plasmids encoding Cas9 endonuclease and gRNAs specific to the selected BLG gene sequences were obtained. A strategy was developed for analyzing possible genetic modifications resulting from the operation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system components and the genetic construct microinjected into zygotes (NHEJ, HDR). The pBLGcmvEGFP plasmid containing the green fluorescent protein gene under the cytomegalovirus promoter was proposed as a model genetic construct for replacing the BLG gene. The use of a plasmid containing the reporter protein gene under its own regulatory sequences, flanked by homology arms to the beta-lactoglobulin gene, can be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of site-specific activity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system components in vitro.
Morphometric comparison between two populations of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from Algeria and Turkey
Authors: Boudjemaa K. , Karaca I. , Biche M.
Published: December 2020

The size of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) is the most reliable indicator in terms of host quality for Aphytis melinus (DeBach, 1959) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) as well as for the efficiency of its biological control. Our study consisted in comparing the cover and body size of each scale developmental stage belonging to two different populations: one from Algeria and the other one from Turkey. The two scale populations were taken from lemon trees during 3 months. We compared measurements between the two localities and also between the plant organs. The larger individuals were those from Algeria. The same results were confirmed through the plant substrate on which scale was fixed: this size variation observed is mainly explained by climatic variations between the two countries and its repercussions on phenology and metabolism of the host plant. In addition, a higher parasitism rate was noticed in the Algerian scale population compared to that of Turkey.
Effect of CuSO4 on the growth of Brassica juncea L.
Authors: Pratik M.R. , Bavi B. , Bavi B.
Published: December 2020

Seeds of Black Mustard (Brassica juncea) were sowed in a paper cup with copper sulfate at different concentration. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of the variation in concentration of copper sulphate on the germination and growth of seeds of Brassica juncea. We wanted to establish which is the highest concentration of copper that the seeds of Black Mustard can tolerate. Seedlings growth investigation and measurements were made after 5 days. The seed germination rate was low to no for the high concentration and for control that increased dramatically with the decrease in concentration. At high concentration, no growth was seen.
Secretory activity of cattle mammary gland tissues during lactation and duration of the interlactation period
Authors: Kambur M.D. , Lermontov A.Y. , Lermontov A.Y.
Published: December 2020

Changes in the secretory activity of mammary gland during the involution period are designed to create conditions for inexhaustible use of the mammary gland, ensure the normal course of structural and functional regression for the development for the next lactation. For animals in which the interlactation period lasted less than 45 days, the absorption of non-esterified fatty acids in the last week of the involution period was 2.8 times higher than in animals in which the interlactation period lasted at least 55 days, 1.48 times higher than the absorption of acetic acid, 1.24 times higher than β-oxybutyric acid, 1.28 times higher than glucose, 2.82 times the total amount of phospholipids and triacylglycerols. For acetic acid, β-oxybutyric acid and glucose, not only higher absorption rates were observed, but also a tendency to increase the absorption level in the last weeks of lactation in animals with an interlactation period of less than 45 days, indicating metabolic changes in mammary gland tissue during the involution period. The duration of the dry period affects the secretory activity of breast tissue during lactation and the quality of milk produced during this period, which is expressed by lower fat content in the product while reducing the duration of the dry period to less than 45 days and reducing milk fat by 10.42% during the next calving. At the same time, the body weight of newborn calves in animals, whose interlactation period was less than 45 days by 19.3%, was lower than the animals of the control group, i.e., those who were in the interlactation period for at least 55 days, which indicates the negative impact of reducing the duration of the dry period on the body of animals.
Nutritional status and dietary intake of pregnant women
Authors: Scherer-Adami Fernanda , Dutra-Rosolen Michele , Schedler Francieli , Carreno Ioná , Alves Mabel N.
Published: December 2020

Objective To evaluate weight gain during pregnancy according to the pregestational state in women who underwent prenatal care in Primary Health Care.Methods A cross-sectional study with the participation of 255 pregnant women. Socioeconomic and demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Women were evaluated for nutritional status and dietary intake. Data related to the age of the pregnant woman, gestational week, current weight, pregestational weight, and height were obtained from the prenatal follow-up form. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis.Results Pregestational nutritional status assessment showed that 43.2% (n=110) of the women started gestation with overweight and 4.3% (n=11) started with low weight. 51% percent (n=130) gained gestational weight above the recommended level. The mean age of women with pregestational BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² was significantly higher than that of those with BMI <25 kg/m² (p<0.001). Total energy (p=0.037) and calcium (p=0.004) intake were higher in women with weight gain above the recommended.Discussion The results presented highlight the importance of strategies in public health to avoid excess weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusion Pregnant women presented a gestational weight gain above the recommended maximum value according to pregestational BMI, which may contribute to adverse maternal and infant outcomes.
La educación como derecho: desde la inclusión para la diversidad y a lo largo de la vida
Authors: Quesada Monge Ana Cristina
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo representa un análisis bibliográfico de lo que es y significa la educación como un derecho, donde su reflexión se realiza desde dos ejes o propuestas educativas: la inclusión para la diversidad y a lo largo de la vida. Estos dos ejes son considerados, por el Marco de Acción de la Educación hacia el 2030 (Declaración de Incheon), como elementos fundamentales para generar un  cambio paradigmático en las concepciones y prácticas en la educación, a fin de alcanzar una sociedad más justa y equitativa. Mediante la revisión  bibliográfica de artículos científicos en las bases de datos de textos completos del Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad de Costa Rica, EBSCO y Google Educativo, durante los años 2000 hasta 2020, fue posible dar respuesta a cuatro preguntas generadoras, planteadas por la autora, para elaborar el presente escrito, bajo la modalidad de ensayo. Fue así como se elaboró un breve recorrido conceptual de la educación como derecho, desde las normativas internacionales, para luego conocer las propuestas de cambio que fomentan los dos ejes de interés del estudio. Luego se rescatan dos discusiones y preocupaciones que autores latinoamericanos plantean sobre los temas de análisis, para finalmente exponer algunos retos y desafíos en su aplicabilidad, desde la mirada de la autora, en el contexto contemporáneo.