bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tendance à plus de douceur dans les vins : comment les consommateurs apprécient-ils les vins avec léger sucre résiduel ?
Authors: Deneulin P. , Boven J. , Bourcet C. , Corajod M.-H.
Published: October 2019

La tendance à des vins plus sucrés tend à se généraliser à l'échelle mondiale tant par le réchauffement climatique que par le changement de goût des consommateurs. Cette étude vise à recueillir l'appréciation des consommateurs suisses envers quatre vins blancs et quatre vins rouges de profils sensoriels variés, avec ou sans sucre résiduel. Les vins avec 6 à 9 g/L de sucres résiduels, qu'ils soient blancs ou rouges, sont globalement préférés des consommateurs. Toutefois et au-delà de cette préférence, il est possible d'identifier des sous-groupes de consommateurs aux préférences variables. Les jeunes femmes semblent également apprécier les vins blancs moins sucrés s'ils sont fruités. Au contraire, les personnes les plus âgées semblent se tourner vers les vins boisés ou aux arômes évolués.
Exploitation of technological variability among wild non-Saccharomyces yeasts to select mixed starters for the production of low alcohol wines
Authors: Grazia A. , Pietrafesa A. , Capece A. , Pietrafesa R. , Siesto G. , Romano P.
Published: October 2019

Increase of the sugar content in grape must, and consequently, alcohol levels in wine are some of the principal problems affecting the winemaking industry. High alcohol content can compromise wine quality, creating sensory imbalances, as well as decreasing the perception of some flavors. The technological approaches proposed at this aim, although allowing achievement of the purpose, can determine negative influence on quality of wine. A promising strategy is based on the use of specific microorganisms, such as selected yeast strains, mainly non-Saccharomyces, able to convert grape must sugars towards secondary metabolites rather than ethanol. This study aims at screening of wild non-Saccharomyces strains in order to identify those suitable for the use in mixed starter for the production of wine with reduced alcohol content and, at the same time, with improved aromatic characteristics.
Wine origin authentication linked to terroir – wine fingerprint
Authors: Gabel B.
Published: October 2019

Global wine and alcohol trade faces a serious economic problem linked to counterfeiting of these commodities. Recently applied authentication methods and techniques pose more difficulties for counterfeiters but they are apparently not effective once we consider economical losses identified by EU legal authorities. The presented solution links isotopic characteristics of the soil, plant, technological intermediate product and the final food product (wine, grapes) on the basis of 87Sr/86Sr isotopes ratios. For the isotopic signature of wines, the average isotope composition of the substrate cannot be a reliable indicator. Only the isotopic composition of pore water can, as it leaches various mineral phases at different stages and passes into vine root system. Instead of complicated sampling of pore water, an original method of preparing and processing soil samples and consequently must & wine samples was developed. Based on both, soil and biological material analysis, we can unquestionably determine not only geographical but also regional and local authenticity of the wine. Determination of red wines isotopic signature is more straightforward process in comparison to white wines, because of technologically different processing of grapes. That is the reason why, in case of white vines, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of bentonites (natural purifier and absorbent useful in the process of winemaking) must also be taken into consideration. Results of analyses of Slovak wines from geographically diverse regions as well as from sites in close-by distances have clearly established reliability of presented concept, in which the soil is linked to the plant and to the final food product (wine or table grapes).
Wine-on-tap: A study on the conservation of wines in keg Ecofass®
Authors: Bach B. , Rébénaque P. , Sarrazin M. , Alain R. , Sophie P. , Pougnet S.
Published: October 2019

As more and more consumers around the world integrate the choice of healthier, more ethical and eco-friendlier food and beverages in their lifestyle, the wine industry is pushed to develop more sustainable production, distribution and consumption solutions. In search of wine preservation improvements that would have both economic and ecological positive impacts, the wine industry has been investing resources in research, development and innovation regarding alternative packaging and distribution solutions for years. The keg Ecofass®is made of recyclable plastic material, high density polyethylene (HDPE) in which there is an aluminium pouch containing the liquid food. It was a question of knowing if this type of container was adapted to the conservation of the wines during several months. The method of storage and distribution has also been studied to know the impact on the oenological and sensory quality of the wines. Likewise, the nature of the pressure gas (nitrogen or compressed air) has also been tested. The contents of free and total SO2and CO2were monitored, and sensory analysis tests were carried out. Nevertheless, at the sensory level, the judges were able to note significant differences between the wines.
Investigation of geographic origin of wine from border regions: Results from investigation of two vintages
Authors: Horacek M. , Hola M. , Tobolkova B. , Kolar K. , Vaculovic T. , Mikes O. , Marosanovic B. , Philipp C. , Lojovic M. , Polovka M. , Belajova E. , Jankura E.
Published: October 2019

Investigation on discrimination of geographic origin in border areas is carried out by investigating and comparing authentic wine samples from the border areas of Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia (and from Serbia) by applying different physico-chemical methods (e.g. IRMS, NMR, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, EPR, HPLC, UV-VIS, etc…). The comparison of the data sets from the participating countries and the different applied methods demonstrates, to which extent a differentiation can still be achieved in the border areas of the respective countries, which methods prove most efficient and sensitive and if a combination of methods leads to an increased sensitivity. Furthermore, we also investigate the potential causes for the differentiation, as the environment, different agricultural practices or enology. Analysis of two consecutive vintages shows significant variations between the two years, complicating direct comparison of regions beyond individual vintages. Still, several parameters are identified enabling correct and complete differentiation. However, some of them have been found to represent lab effects, whereas others are interpreted as resulting from different agricultural practices or environmentally driven. Only the latter two ones, if consistent, can be used for discrimination of geographic origin.
Composición de vinos tintos elaborados por procedimientos alternativos de vinificación
Authors: González-Neves G. , Favre G. , Piccardo D.
Published: October 2019

Los procedimientos empleados en la vinificación pueden atenuar el impacto de eventos climáticos extremos, que afectan la calidad de los vinos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar una vinificación por maceración tradicional (MT) con una vinificación con extracción diferida de antocianos y maceración extendida (EDA+ME), en seis variedades deVitis viniferaL. (Tannat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Syrah y Marselan). Los vinos fueron analizados a los 6 meses de la vinificación. Los vinos de Marselan y Cabernet Sauvignon tuvieron pH muy elevados. Los vinos con mayores contenidos fenólicos totales fueron Tannat y Marselan, que también tuvieron los mayores contenidos de antocianos y proantocianidinas. La mayor intensidad colorante se obtuvo en los vinos Marselan y la menor en Syrah. Los vinos producidos con las dos técnicas presentaron diferencias en tonalidad y % de amarillo (mayores en EDA+ME) y rojo (mayores en MT). Los vinos MT tuvieron mayores contenidos de antocianos y taninos más polimerizados. Los vinos EDA+ME tuvieron contenidos significativamente mayores de polifenoles totales, catequinas y mayor reactividad de los taninos. Un Análisis Discriminante Canónico confirmó que la variedad de uva fue el factor que incidió en mayor medida en las características de los vinos.
Consumer preferences using the method BW Score: A study of Brazilian consumer's perception
Authors: Neumann da Cunha C. , Dewes H. , Araújo M.V.
Published: October 2019

Purpose Identify the most important attributes used by consumers in Porto Alegre (Brazil) in the wine selection process. Originality/value: The behavior of the wine consumer is changing, since people have different wants and needs which are influenced by several factors. Among these factors, the attributes of the product are relevant to understanding the decision-making process of the consumer. Understanding such behavior is fundamental for the development of the market, since it is the consumer who determines what and how many products will be acquired. In this sense the research becomes relevant for a better understanding of the behavior of the wine consumer in the Brazilian market.Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative exploratory study through interviews with two experts in Porto Alegre (Brazil) to investigate the relevance of the attributes proposed in the literature review. The results reaffirmed the need to use 13 attributes. Later an online questionnaire was applied to 100 wine consumers. Therefore, in this work, a BIB (13, 4, 4, 1) was generated for further analysis using the BW score. As a complement, ANOVA was used to analyze the mean differences between attributes and segments. Findings: The results obtained showed that the most important attributes are related to the previous experience of the consumer with wine, gastronomic harmonization and recommendations.

Keywords: Consumer behavior; Wine; Product attributes.
Phenolic profile and biological activity of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Di Lorenzo C. , Colombo F. , Sangiovanni E. , Biella S. , Regazzoni L. , Peres de Sousa L. , Bavaresco L. , Tomasi D. , Bosso A. , Aldini G. , Dell'Agli M. , Restani P.
Published: October 2019

Table grapes are largely produced and consumed in the Mediterranean area. Furthermore, in the last years, the commercial interest in table grapes and other non-alcoholic grape products has notably increased worldwide. In addition to the nutritional aspects, polyphenol compounds in fresh grapes could exert positive effects on human health. The aim of this study was the characterization of the phenolic pattern of sixteen grape varieties and the evaluation of the associated antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity at gastric level. The methods used were: 1) Folin-Cocalteau's assay for the quantification of total polyphenol content; 2) High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Diode-Array Detector (DAD) to perform the quantitative analysis of grapes phenolic fraction 3) DPPH (1,1,-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl) spectrophotometric assay for the assessment of radical scavenging activity; 4) assessment of IL-8 release from human gastric epithelial cells to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of grape extracts. Some grapes, including seedless varieties, showed that the phenolic pattern was highly correlated with the biological activities, and, in particular, with peel and seeds portion. These results suggest that selected grape varieties could represent, also for consumers who do not drink wine, a source of healthy compounds potentially able to counteract oxidative stress and gastric inflammation.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of grape pomace extracts
Authors: Luchian C.E. , Cotea V.V. , Vlase L. , Toiu A.M. , Colibaba L.C. , Răschip I.E. , Nadăş G. , Gheldiu A.M. , Tuchiluş C. , Rotaru L.
Published: October 2019

The use of antioxidants and antibacterials in food industry has become increasingly necessary to ensure the high quality of food. Grape pomace is the main by-product of winemaking industry that concentrates bioactive metabolites with more studied antioxidant activity and possible antibacterial activity. The grape pomace contains fragmented skin, broken cells, pulp remains, stalks and seeds with high amount of phenolic compounds due to their poor extraction during the winemaking process. Anthocyanins, catechins, flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids, alcohols and stilbenes have been identified among the compounds present in grape pomace. In this study, antibacterial activity against different pathogens (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicansATCC 90028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) was evaluated and the relation with polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of grape pomace from selected grapes from Iaşi vineyard was studied. The grape pomace samples were obtained after the fermentation process from the 2017 harvest of Sauvignon Blanc, Traminer, Busuioacă de Bohotin, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Fetească Neagră and Fetească Regală grape varieties. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using the DPPH method, FRAP assay and Folin Ciocalteu method. The content of resveratrol was quantified using an HPLC method. Samples with antioxidant activity showed the highest phenolics content. This study reveals that grape pomace is a potential source of natural antioxidant agents. The pomace extracts were tested to establish the effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The analysed samples exhibited insignificant antibacterial activity and the method requires optimization. Grape marc represents an important source of resveratrol and other bioactive compounds that could be a valuable source of antioxidants for further utilization in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Chemometric properties of wines treated with natural extracts as an alternative of sulphur dioxide
Authors: Darıcı B. , Yıldırım H.K.
Published: October 2019

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is commonly used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial compound during wine production. Phenols naturally existence in plant extracts have been reported to possess antioxidative, antimicrobial activities, and as anti-inflammatory activities. Since few consumers preferred foods treated with natural preservatives, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of different natural plant extracts as an alternative of sulphur dioxide used in wines. Wine production was done according to the accepted conventional method for red wines (Cabernet sauvignon). The experimental design was achieved by using different plant extracts (grape pomace, rosemary, black blueberry) at different concentrations. As controls were used wine samples produced without natural extracts and second group samples produced without addition of sulphur dioxide (SO2). At the end of production basic analyzes (total acidity, volatile acidity, pH, dry matter, ash, free and total SO2), and colorimetric wine analyses (TWP, WC, CD, CI, %R, %Y, %B, Abs280, Abs420, Abs520, Abs620, %dA and tint values) were performed. Analyses on n-dimensional scale demonstrated that each used plant exact have different effects on required SO2and wine quality parameters. The lowest concentrations of grape pomace extract caused reduction of SO2and maintaining the required wine properties. The highest value of the end of first month of storage for TWP, WC, Abs280, Abs520, %R values were determined for grape pomace treatment wines. The highest value of the TPW were determined for samples treated with grape pomace (1 ml/L extract), rosemary (1 ml/L extract), and blue berry (1 ml/L extract with 25 mg/L SO2) 2.710, 2.550 and 2.520 respectively. Results emphasized the importance of used plant extracts and their concentrations. The study demonstrated the possibilities of SO2optimization on the base of used natural plant extracts.
The latitudinal distribution of vegetation cover in Siberia
Authors: Safronova Irina , Yurkovsksya Tatiana
Published: October 2019

The latitudinal changes of vegetation cover on the plains of Siberia are observed. In Western Siberia there are 4 zones (tundra and taiga, and forest-steppe and steppe only here), in Central and North-Eastern Siberia − only 2 zones (tundra and taiga).Tundra zone is represented by 4 subzones in Central Siberia; in Western and North-Eastern Siberia − by 3 subzones (there are no polar subzone). All 5 subzones of the taiga zone are distinguished both in Western Siberia and in the Central Siberia, but in the Central Siberia, forests are found in very high latitudes. The feature of the taiga zone of Western Siberia is high paludification. As a result, the vegetation of mires dominates over the zonal vegetation. Zonal West Siberian types are dark coniferous forests. Light coniferous forests predominate in the taiga zone of Central and North-Eastern Siberia. In the forest-steppe zone in Western Siberia forests are small-leaved − birch, aspen-birch (Betula pendula, Populus tremula). The abundance of mires is the feature of this zone, as well as in the taiga.
La photonique silicium / germanium pour la spectroscopie moyen infrarouge
Authors: Marris-Morini Delphine , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Le Roux Xavier , Vivien Laurent
Published: October 2019

Le silicium est aujourd’hui le matériau de choix pour l’optique intégrée, bénéficiant de techniques de fabrication matures développées par l’industrie de la microélectronique. La photonique silicium propose ainsi des circuits intégrant de multiples fonctions, à coût réduit. À l’origine étudiée pour répondre aux limitations des circuits intégrés et principalement à la transmission du signal d’horloge à l’intérieur des circuits intégrés microélectroniques, la photonique silicium a finalement révolutionné les communications optiques courtes distances (datacom) dans les centres de données (data center). Les grands industriels de la microélectronique et d’Internet (Intel, STMicroelectronics, Cisco…) se sont intéressés à cette plateforme photonique, et des produits commerciaux sont aujourd’hui disponibles.
Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for benign and malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCarty Thomas R. , Garg Rajat , Thompson Christopher C. , Rustagi Tarun
Published: October 2019

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel endoscopic procedure designed to facilitate sustained luminal patency in patients with gastric outlet obstruction. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS-GE for treatment of gastric outlet obstruction.

Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were performed through April 2019. Patients with benign and malignant gastric outlet obstruction were included. Measured outcomes included: immediate technical and clinical success as well as rate of serious adverse events (AEs). Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran Q test and I
2 statistics. Publication bias was ascertained by funnel plot and Egger regression testing.

Results A total of five studies (n = 199 patients; 45.73 % male) were included in this study. Four retrospective studies and one prospective study were analyzed. Mean age of patients that underwent the EUS-GE procedure was 64.52 ± 1.37 years with a pooled mean follow-up period of 4.32 ± 1.65 months. In 21 % of patients (n = 43), gastric outlet obstruction was due to benign causes. Immediate technical success was 92.90 % (95 % CI; 88.26 – 95.79; I2 = 0.00 %) and reported in all studies. The clinical success rate of EUS-GE was 90.11 % (95 % CI; 84.64 – 93.44; I2 = 0.00 %). Serious AEs occurred in 5.61 % (95 % CI; 2.87 – 10.67; I2 = 1.67 %) of cases and were related to peritonitis, perforation, bleeding, and abdominal pain. Re-intervention rate was 11.43 % (95 % CI; 7.29 – 17.46; I2 = 17.38 %).

Conclusions EUS-GE appears to provide an effective and safe minimally invasive alternative for treatment of benign and malignant gastric outlet obstruction.
An Aristotelian interpretation of practical wisdom: the case of retirees
Authors: Massingham Peter
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to improve understanding of the concept of practical wisdom. The theoretical lens used is Aristotle’s practical rationality or ‘phronesis’. Researchers argue that practical wisdom should be used as an organising framework for professional knowledge. Aristotle believed that practical wisdom as the highest intellectual virtue. Phronesis is the complicated interactions between general (theory) and practical (judgement). The contribution of this paper is to discuss the properties of practical wisdom and how they interact based on an interpretation of retirees’ knowledge. The paper summarises in-depth face-to-face interviews with nine retirees, i.e., nine separate case studies. A structured interview guideline based on a conceptual framework derived from literature was used to examine the nature of retirees’ practical wisdom. People with wisdom make better decisions. Whereas episteme’s technical knowledge may address complicated tasks, techne’s wisdom enables people to resolve truly complex tasks. Techne provides personal judgement which enables the professional to judge their actions from an external and internal perspective. Knowing that others and the individual themselves are happy with the quality of their work creates a morality that enables an inner calm and personal satisfaction leading to eudaimonia (feeling happy about life). People with wisdom behave differently. Phronesis’s cognitive properties create awareness of the knowledge that may be trusted to be seen to be behaving normally or appropriately in the organisation. The global population is ageing. This has implications for future workforce planning as experience is lost and capability gaps emerge. Retires may represent a valuable source of knowledge to help address this gap. The results are limited to nine individual case studies and four disciplines. The findings provide exciting opportunities for further research. The conceptual models may be further investigated with retirees in other disciplines.
Role of ADHD in risky riding behavior: a statistical modeling
Authors: Sadeghi-Bazargani Homyoun , Seyf Farshad Aliashraf , Iraji Zeinab , Some’e Nasrin , Nikmohammadi Navide , Khedrizadeh Galavizh , Saeipour Parisa , Lotfinezhad Elham , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Attention Deficiency and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as a predictor of injuries in motorcyclists, affects the risky behavior. Since there was no pre-established conceptual model, this study aimed at exploring a conceptual model. Following this model, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to find the predictors of Motorcycle Riding Behavior (MRB), as well as the mediators and moderators of ADHD-MRB relationship. In the current cross-sectional study, 340 motorcyclists in Bukan city, Iran, were recruited through a randomized cluster sampling. A simple conceptual model was explored and utilizing the goodness of fit indices in SEM, an optimal model was chosen. Then, utilizing 3-step hierarchical regressions and SEMs, the relationship between ADHD and MRB was assessed by modeling the possible mediators/moderators such as answering the cell phone and using the helmet. The results of hierarchical regression showed that answering the cell phone had both moderating and mediating effects on the relationship between ADHD (and the ASS subscale) with MRB. The final SEM, by introducing the mediating role of underlying variables, had a good fit on data (Normed Chi2 = < 5.0, RMSEA < 0.08, SRMR < 0.05, CFI and TLI > 0.90), wherein ADHD score (and the subscales) predicted the MRB score directly/indirectly (P < 0.05). A simple conceptual model was found to assess the mediating role of ADHD in motorcyclist risky behavior. Based upon the findings, training the techniques of and/or enforcement for controlling and improving riding behaviors and skills among ADHD motorcyclists, those who answer their cell phones while riding, un-experienced riders, and those who ride without wearing the helmet is strongly recommended.
Determinants of international price volatility transmissions: the role of self-sufficiency rates in wheat-importing countries
Authors: Guo Jin , Tanaka Tetsuji
Published: October 2019

From the 1980s until the early 2000s, many developing governments adopted market liberalization policies due to relatively low agricultural prices and the implementation of structural programs by the IMF. Yet, a paradigm shift occurred with the emergence of the 2008 food crisis, which directed food-deficit governmental bodies to protectionist regimes supporting higher food self-sufficiency. Despite the importance of food autarky to shield domestic food markets, its effects have never been fully discussed in a formalized econometric framework. This article analyses wheat price volatility transmissions from global to local markets in 10 wheat importing countries, identifying the causality with conditional correlation functions (CCF), the degree of volatility transmissions using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models with the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) specification and potential determinants with a panel analysis. The main findings reveal that a significant unidirectional Granger causality runs from international wheat price to local retail flour prices for wheat importing countries with an approximate five-month lag, the volatility correlations from international to local markets were strengthened around the period of the 2007–08 food crisis and a higher self-sufficiency rate plays a role in alleviating volatility passthroughs from international markets. This evidence that increasing the SSR of an agricultural commodity is effective in isolating the domestic market is valuable for policymakers in food importing countries. The primary beneficiaries of implementing the policy measure are risk-averse producers and consumers because their utility or welfare improves as the price volatility of foodstuffs declines.
On-chip integrable planar NbN nanoSQUID with broad temperature and magnetic-field operation range
Authors: Holzman Itamar , Ivry Yachin
Published: October 2019

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are used for applications ranging from sensitive magnetometers to low-temperature electronics and quantum computation. Miniaturizing SQUIDs is technologically attractive for increasing spin sensitivity as well as device integration and circuit speed. We introduce a planar nano SQUID that was made with a single lithographic step out of NbN films as thin as 3 nm on a Si chip. The fabrication process of weak links that are 45 nm in width, and 165 nm in length, which were designed to account for overcoming current crowding are presented. Operation at a temperature range of 20 mK to 5 K as well as at 1 T parallel, and 10 mT perpendicular magnetic fields is demonstrated, while potential operation higher than 8 T has also been shown. The broad range of applicability of a single device as well as its scalability are promising for on-chip integrability that may open technological possibilities, including in quantum and electro-optical circuiting.
Passive positioning of sound target based on HBT interference
Authors: Liu Mengran , Nie Lei , Li Shanqiang , Jia Wen
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a method for the passive positioning of sound target based on the Hanbury and Brown-Twiss (HBT) interference that is commonly used in ultra-sensitive optical measurements. The method based on HBT interference is first theoretically analyzed to determine the relation between the coherence of the signal and the position of the target. A model of target positioning based on HBT interference in the sound field is then formulated to simulate the position of the target at different frequencies and positions, and the positioning performance of the proposed method is analyzed. Experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method based on HBT interference, and the results were in good agreement with those of the simulation and positioning errors were smaller than 0.1 m. The proposed method based on HBT interference positioning is thus reliable and viable for passive positioning of the source of sound.
Missed opportunities for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis during a rapid scale-up program at Sydney Sexual Health Centre
Authors: Atefi David , McIver Ruthy , Bourne Christopher
Published: October 2019

We aimed to estimate HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and missed opportunities for PrEP through a retrospective review of medical records of clients at high risk of HIV attending the Sydney Sexual Health Centre. Most clients (69%) were taking PrEP, and 7% of those eligible for PrEP were classified as a missed opportunity for PrEP. Although missed opportunities were uncommon, PrEP discussions should be a standard component of care for all clients at risk of HIV acquisition.
Inter-specific competition influences apex predator–prey populations
Authors: Reddy Chidanand S. , Yosef Reuven , Calvi Gianpiero , Fornasari Lorenzo
Published: October 2019

Abstract ContextTiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus) and dhole (Cuon alpinus) represent a typical multi-predator system of species of conservation concern. Several studies have addressed this system, with heterogeneous results, and there’s a lack of information on population dynamics of multi-species assemblages. We studied a time series (1998–2009) of abundance indices for three predators and five prey species in Bor Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS), Maharashtra, India, before it was declared as Bor Tiger Reserve (BTR) in 2009. AimsTo analyse the complex relationships within a predator–prey system in a dynamic fashion, to analyse data collected in a stable and undisturbed area and to form a comparison basis for future studies within the sanctuary after its declaration as a Tiger Reserve. MethodsA 24-h effort was made annually to census the BWS. Predators were counted at waterholes from arboreal hideouts. The prey populations were censused along 353-km line-transects. For each species, we analysed the yearly growth rate, testing the effect of inter-species abundance. Key resultsTiger growth rate did not depend on any particular prey, whereas mesopredators seemed to depend on medium-sized prey. A die-out of dholes in 2001 was followed by an increase in tiger populations (from 4 to 11), which, in turn, negatively affected leopard numbers (from 6 to 2).We found no direct evidence of top-down effect, but the density dependence for three of five prey species could be linked to predation pressure. We found some evidence of interspecific competition among prey species, especially among ungulates, potentially being mediated by predation pressure. ConclusionsThe relationships among species in a predator–prey system are very complex and often could be explained only by more-than-two-species interactions. The disappearance of one predator, not necessarily the top predator, could bring multiple effects, for which it could be difficult to detect causal relationships. ImplicationsAll subsequent changes in human activities in the sanctuary, as a consequence of its designation as the BTR in 2009, should be evaluated with respect to the results of the present study. The conservation of large predators should rely on the maintenance of a rich and abundant prey base, in which different-sized prey could lessen interactive-competition among the predators.
Severity of DSM-5 Cannabis use Disorders in a Nationally Representative Sample of Sexual Minorities
Authors: Boyd Carol J. , Veliz Philip T. , McCabe Sean Esteban
Published: October 2019

Background: Our study is the first using a national sample to examine the severity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) cannabis use disorder (CUD) in sexual minorities. Drawing from current literature, we expected that bisexual individuals would have the highest prevalence of CUD and the most severe form of CUD.

Methods: The National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III; 2012–2013) provides a nationally representative adult sample ( N = 36,309), including one of the largest samples of sexual minorities. The NESARC-III is large enough to compare subpopulations of sexual minorities on dimensions of substance use disorder severity.

Results: Lesbians and gay men were more likely to report mild CUD, whereas bisexuals and respondents “not sure” of their sexual identity were more likely to report severe CUD when compared with heterosexuals. Sexual minorities and heterosexuals who reported lifetime use of medical cannabis had higher odds of having a severe CUD. Sexual minorities had significantly higher odds of lifetime medical cannabis use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42–3.66, P < .001) when compared with heterosexuals, with bisexuals having the highest odds (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.66–4.75, P < .001).

Conclusions: Sexual minorities have the highest odds compared with heterosexuals of developing any CUD. Moreover, the higher rates of severe CUD among bisexuals and those “not sure” have implications for drug prevention with these particularly high-risk groups. It appears that lifetime medical marijuana use may play a role in the development of CUD, although more rigorous measures of medical marijuana use are needed to determine the nature of the relations.
“That'S What We Call the Cocktail”: Non-Opioid Medication and Supplement Misuse among Opioid Users
Authors: Chatterjee Avik , Lopez Diego , Ramkellawan Shankar , Brown Rory , Smith Kamala , Gaeta Jessie M. , Baggett Travis P.
Published: October 2019

Background

Recent evidence suggests that the practice of combining opioid use with non-opioid substances is common, though little is known about this phenomenon and how best to address it.

Methods

We recruited adults in Boston, Massachusetts, with recent opioid use. We conducted semi-structured interviews to explore the practice of combining non-opioid substances with opioids and analyzed transcripts to identify themes.

Results

Twenty-nine individuals completed interviews. Combining other substances with opioids was a well-known practice: “that's what we call the cocktail.” Participants reported the use of clonidine, gabapentin, benzodiazepines, promethazine, amphetamine salts, quetiapine, barbiturates, cough and cold medications, as well as alcohol and candy in combination with opioids. Participants reported purchasing these substances on the street, stealing them, or getting them from a prescriber. Augmenting the opioid high was a common reason for combining substances. Importantly, participants also reported combining substances to treat psychiatric symptoms. Individuals commonly reported learning about combining substances “from people on the street” but also reported learning from the internet and television. Perceived benefits outweighed safety concerns. Participants also felt that using over-the-counter or prescription medications would be safe.

Conclusions

Combining a variety of substances with opioids is common and driven by diverse motives. Clinicians caring for opioid-involved patients should consider screening for concurrent use of other substances and discussing the risks of this practice.
A Comparison between Telehealth and Face-to-Face Delivery of a Brief Alcohol Intervention for College Students
Authors: King Sarah C. , Richner Kailey A. , Tuliao Antover P. , Kennedy Joseph L. , McChargue Dennis E.
Published: October 2019

Background

Problematic alcohol use is a common occurrence among college students. While empirically supported interventions exist, their access is typically limited to those with greater resources. There has been an expansion of services provided via telehealth to increase client access to treatment in the health care field. However, the evidence is mixed regarding the effectiveness of face-to-face versus telehealth interventions and there is a gap in the literature regarding brief alcohol interventions delivered via telehealth. As such, the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a well-validated brief alcohol screening and intervention for college students (BASICS) when conducted face-to-face or through a videoconferencing system.

Method

Participants included 51 college students who engaged in heavy episodic drinking (5+ drinks for males and 4+ drinks for females over a two hour period) over the last two weeks. They were randomly assigned to receive the face-to-face or telehealth intervention and completed a variety of questionnaires throughout. Follow up data on the participant's alcohol use and alcohol-related problems was collected at 1-, 2-, and 3-months. Multilevel modeling in SAS was utilized for analyses, which included the modeling of treatment outcome trajectories and the influence of predictors on the trajectory of change for each outcome.

Results

Results indicated that the intervention significantly reduced alcohol consumption and related problems regardless of condition. Both conditions saw an increase in treatment satisfaction and therapeutic alliance between the two sessions. Increased therapeutic alliance resulted in greater decreases in alcohol use and related harm across both conditions. Additionally, those with a mental health diagnosis showed greater improvement related to risk reduction for both treatment modalities.

Conclusion

In sum, the results of this study suggest that telehealth services should be further implemented and the BASICS intervention can be effectively delivered via telehealth for college students.
Stuck in the Window with You: HIV Exposure Prophylaxis in the Highest Risk People who Inject Drugs
Authors: Taylor Jessica L. , Walley Alexander Y. , Bazzi Angela R.
Published: October 2019

The opioid and polysubstance epidemics could drive a surge in new HIV infections among people who inject drugs (PWID). Longstanding strategies to reduce HIV incidence, including syringe service programs, condom distribution, medications for opioid use disorder, and low-barrier HIV testing and treatment have not been adequate to eliminate transmission in this population. Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an evidence-based intervention that reduces HIV incidence among PWID, uptake in PWID has lagged due to limited PrEP knowledge, discrepancies between perceived and actual HIV risk, stigma, and structural barriers to adherence including homelessness and incarceration. In our efforts to deploy PrEP to PWID in our low-barrier substance use disorder bridge clinic, we have encountered another barrier: the HIV testing window period. We discuss challenges in delivering HIV exposure prophylaxis to the highest risk PWID, our current approach, and the need for more data to guide best practices.
Fusion Power Density and Radiation Losses Characteristics for Tritium Fusion Reactions
Authors: Nawfal Oudah Osamah , Hameed Majeed Raad
Published: October 2019

A new data for Fusion power density has been obtained for T-3He and T-T fusion reactions, power density is a substantial term in the researches related to the fusion energy generation and ignition calculations of magnetic confined systems. In the current work, thermal nuclear reactivities, power densities of a fusion reactors and the ignition condition inquiry are achieved by using a new and accurate formula of cross section, the maximum values of fusion power density for T-3He and TT reaction are 1.1×107 W/m3 at T=700 KeV and 4.7×106 W/m3 at T=500 KeV respectively, While Zeff
suggested to be 1.44 for the two reactions. Bremsstrahlung radiation has also been determined to reaching self- sustaining reactors, Bremsstrahlung values are 4.5×106 W/m3 at T=700 MeV and 3.8×106 W/m3 at T=500 MeV for T-3He and TT reaction respectively, ignation values then are 136 KeV for T-T and 155 KeV for T-3He. So small Zeff
mean small ignition and large fusion power. Tritium Fusion Reactions have large ignition temperature than deuterium reactions.
Ventilation performance of single zone occupied space in ancient Myanmar multistage roof buildings
Authors: Zune May , Pantua Conrad , Rodrigues Lucelia , Gillott Mark
Published: October 2019

Roof ventilation gives passive cooling effect in removing hot air from tropical climate buildings. However, little is known about the impacts of building parameters on the passive cooling effect in ancient Myanmar multistage roof buildings. The authors believe that this is the first study to assess the ventilation performance of multistage roof buildings taking into account their typologies, ventilation modes and climatic parameters. This paper presents the ventilation performance of two roof typologies by varying defined parameters from studies in computational fluid dynamic simulations. Simulations were generated by using the 3D steady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations and k-ε turbulence models. The results of CFD studies revealed that the presence of gable vents allowed better indoor air movement although the indoor air turbulence was depended on the intensity of exterior wind speed and roof typology. It was found that the single gable roof buildings increased the indoor airspeed with insignificant indoor air temperature improvement for thermal comfort. The results of this CFD study substantiate the findings of another dynamic simulation study and support the conclusion that the three-stage roof buildings have more potential to improve a better thermal and ventilation performance if they have gable vents.
Effect of mechanical ventilation on air infiltration rate in a concert hall
Authors: Shi Yuchen , Li Xiaofeng
Published: October 2019

Due to high occupant density, fresh air is essential for audience in a concert hall. Generally, mechanical ventilation system is used to supply outdoor fresh air. Apart from that, uncontrolled air leakage across building exterior (i.e., air infiltration) is also a source of outdoor fresh air. Though ASHRAE requires a positive pressure (i.e., zero infiltration rate) for mechanically ventilated rooms, positive pressure is difficult to be maintained under poor building airtightness or low mechanical ventilation rates. When the positive pressure is not achieved, the existence of air infiltration brings about outdoor air pollutants infiltrating indoors and excessive fresh air cooling/heating load. Therefore, to maintain a good indoor environment and an appropriate fresh air rate, the effect of mechanical ventilation on air infiltration rate must be figured out. This study investigates the variation laws of infiltration rate with mechanical ventilation rate in a concert hall. Infiltration rates under different mechanical ventilation rates were measured based on the particle mass balance method. It is concluded that the relationship between the two rates conforms to the theoretical model proposed by the authors’ previous study.
Comparison of grey-box model and artificial neural network – prediction of surface condensation in residential space
Authors: Ju E J , Lee J H , Park S H , Park C S , Yeo M S
Published: October 2019

To apply real-time predictive control using automated devices for minimizing the risk of surface condensation in a residential space, the authors first developed a nodal network model that simulates the flow of moist air and the thermal behavior of a target area with the given boundary conditions of a space. The lumped model was enhanced using a parameter estimation technique based on the measured temperature, humidity, and schedule data. However, the humidity model prediction performance was still outside the valid range. A data-driven model was then developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) with the measured data that was formerly used to enhance the lumped model. Taking into consideration the possible uncertain characteristics of moist air, it was found that the data-driven model was a more suitable option for predicting the condensation as compared to the physics-based and grey-box models. With a stable range of errors between the simulation outputs and measured data, the ANN model could be useful for model predictive control.
Comfort-oriented control strategies for decentralized ventilation using co-simulation
Authors: Carbonare N , Pflug T , Bongs C , Wagner A
Published: October 2019

Mechanical ventilation systems have acquired relevance in the past years in order to guarantee the hygrothermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in highly retrofitted residential buildings. The optimization of control strategies could provide a solution to this existing trade-off between energy efficiency, hygrothermal comfort and IAQ. In this publication, we propose a co-simulation approach (using EnergyPlus and Modelica) and a mathematical approximation of the discomfort of the occupant (namely, quadratic for relative humidity and exponential for CO2), and apply them to a demand controlled ventilation (DCV) scheme. Results show that this approach provides around 10% energy savings, while improving the thermal comfort, without compromising the humidity comfort or the IAQ. Finally, the developed functions could allow the control schemes to adapt to different occupant preferences, showing potential for future work.
Evaluation of air change rates for estimating particle dispersion on a reduced scale model
Authors: Cetin Y E , Avci M , Aydin O
Published: October 2019

Similarity between a model and a prototype is important for scale model experimental studies. Proper scaling by considering similarity parameters can lead to valuable results. The objective of this study is to investigate dispersion of fine particles under different air change rates by experimental and numerical techniques. Experimental studies are performed on a 1:5 reduced scale model. Similarity parameters are considered for kinematic and particle dispersion similarities. The RNG k – ε turbulence model is used in the numerical predictions. It is shown that the average room and outlet concentrations get similar values with the removal of accumulation as the air velocity increases. Moreover, it is disclosed that the advantages of the increasing air change rates may have limits in reducing contaminant level.
Air conditioning system online control by incorporating low-dimensional linear models and intelligent predictions
Authors: Ren Chen , Jie Cao Shi
Published: October 2019

Development of control techniques for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to provide occupancy driven energy and comfort management has been an active area. In this study, we carried out the work on the balance between indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy consumption with low-dimensional linear models (LLM), artificial neural network (ANN) and contribution ratio of indoor climate (CRI) to provide support for HVAC control. In general, ventilation (pollutant) and temperature factors were both considered in the CFD simulation. Linear ventilation model (LVM) and linear temperature model (LTM) were employed to expand the CFD database. Then, combined with ANN, CRI and LLM, LLVM (low-dimensional linear ventilation model)-based ANN and LLTM (low-dimensional linear temperature model)-based CRI could rapidly predict the indoor environmental parameters. The evaluation indices were also defined to provide weightings between indoor environment and energy consumption. On this basis, the HVAC energy consumption caused by ventilation and air conditioning loads could be decreased by 50% and 16% respectively. This study will promote an intelligent HVAC control strategy for user comfort and HVAC energy conservation.