bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One More Tweet: Firms Challenge a Sustainable Future
Authors: Tregua Marco , D'Auria Anna
Published: October 2020

In the last decades, researchers have been provided with a huge amount of data thanks to the diffusion of online sources. Additionally, more companies are issuing reports and documents to share information with stakeholders about their sustainable approach to both strengthen and encourage people to adopt a similar approach. To support researchers in managing the increasing quantity of information, several tools have been provided for text mining studies, such as sentiment analysis, semantic analysis, and content analysis. We proposed to analyse the usefulness of automated and semi-automated techniques on a dataset composed of more than 875,000 tweets posted by the companies that Forbes (2020) considers to be the most sustainable. We chose to focus on sustainability because it is a topic of interest to the global community, as revealed by the significant amount of attention that companies are paying to it. In detail, we performed a double-step analysis: firstly, a comparison between exact words and stemmed words; secondly, a description of communication efforts and topics that firms opted for when dealing with sustainability. Our expected contribution is mainly methodological, as we provide suggestions regarding the advantages of performing the analysis in one of the two ways, while the research context offers insights into sustainability
Depressive Symptoms Associated with Low Quality of Life Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living with HIV in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Aurpibul Linda , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Wichasilp Uraiwan , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat
Published: October 2020

Background or Objectives: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at increased risk of depression. In pregnancy, depression could affect health and pregnancy outcomes, as well as child rearing. We assessed depressive symptoms and quality of life of WLHIV during the perinatal period.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 15 hospitals in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF_THAI) were used to screen for depressive symptoms and to assess quality of life (QOL), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS. Descriptive statistics were reported. Factors associated with depressive symptoms were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine association between depressive symptom scores and QOL. Regression coefficient (?) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: One hundred WLHIV were enrolled and the mean age was 29.2 ±7.5 years. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30 (30%), 95% CI 21-39; specifically, 34 (34%) in pregnant and 27 (27%) in postpartum women. Overall, depressive symptoms were mild in 22 (22%), moderate in 7 (7%), and moderately severe in one (1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that verbal abuse by partner (?=4.751 (95% CI=2.306-9.790), p< 0.001) and lifetime alcohol use (?=3.403 (95% CI=1.427-8.115), p=0.006) were associated with depressive symptoms. The overall perception of own health and quality of life of WLHIV in all domains were lower than that of HIV-negative women. WLHIV with depressive symptoms had a significantly lower QOL than those without.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications: In this study, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women living with HIV was similar to that in HIV-negative women. WLHIV with depressive symptoms had a significantly lower QOL than those without. Mental health screening in antenatal and postpartum clinic is warranted.

Key words: • Depression • Quality of life • Women • Pregnancy • Postpartum • HIV • Thailand

 

Copyright © 2020 Aurpibul et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Pensando a Sala de Aula Invertida e o CANVA como ferramentas didáticas para o ensino remoto
Authors: Kiefer Ana Paula , Lampert Batista Natália
Published: October 2020

Pensar as metodologias pedagógicas tem se tornado cada vez mais necessário, especialmente, pela necessidade de adaptação das práticas didáticas para o ensino remoto. A sala de aula invertida e o CANVA, neste contexto, podem ser excelentes opções para as aulas em tempos de pandemia. Com isso, objetiva-se apresentar uma reflexão sobre o panorama da desigualdade na educação em tempos de pandemia levantada pela COVID-19, bem como elaborar uma atividade prática, vista como tutorial, para orientar, de forma didática, os professores no atual contexto em que o país e a educação estão inseridos, por meio da utilização do CANVA. Conclui-se que a proposta aqui apresentada tem potencialidade, pois pode ser aplicada com distintos conteúdos e turmas, variando o conteúdo abordado e o aprofundamento da mesma e, dessa forma, tornando-se ampla e consistente. Espera-se que possa subsidiar atividades docentes, bem como contribuir com o ensino e aprendizagem discente.
Politica Crossmark
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: October 2020

Descrito da politca Crossmark da revista Metodologias e Aprendizado
Half graben inversion tectonics revealed by gravity modeling in the Mikawa Bay Region, Central Japan
Authors: Miyakawa Ayumu , Abe Tomoya , Sumita Tatsuya , Otsubo Makoto
Published: October 2020

The Mikawa Bay Region, central Japan, is characterized by many active faults recording Quaternary activities. It is, however, difficult to understand the overall tectonic character of the region due to a thick sedimentary cover. We report the first finding of Neogene basin inversion in southwest Japan by estimating the depth and structure of the basement surface in the Mikawa Bay Region by analyzing gravity data. Our gravity basement map and two-dimensional density-structure modeling revealed a half graben bounded on the south by the north-dipping Utsumi Fault. The motion of the Utsumi Fault, which inverted from normal faulting during the Miocene to recent reverse faulting, indicated the inversion of the half graben. The timing of the inversion of the fault motion, i.e. the reverse faulting of the Miocene normal fault, can be compared with an episode of basin inversion observed at the eastern margin of the Japan Sea, northeastern Japan. The Takahama Fault in the southwestern part of the Nishi–Mikawa Plain is considered to have formed as a result of the backthrust of the Utsumi Fault under inversion tectonics. If the Takahama Fault is indeed the backthrust fault of the Utsumi Fault, the root of the Takahama Fault may be deep such that the Takahama Fault is seismogenic and linked to the 1945 Mikawa earthquake.
Weight loss is associated with sustained improvement of disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity: a prospective intervention study with two years of follow-up
Authors: Klingberg Eva , Björkman Sofia , Eliasson Björn , Larsson Ingrid , Bilberg Annelie
Published: October 2020

Background Obesity is overrepresented in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and associated with increased disease activity. We have previously shown in 41 patients with PsA (Caspar criteria) and obesity (body mass index; BMI ≥33 kg/m2) that weight loss treatment with Very Low Energy Liquid Diet (VLED), 640 kcal/day during 12-16 weeks, followed by a structured reintroduction of an energy restricted diet resulted in a median weight loss of 18.6% and concomitantly a significant improvement of the disease activity in joints, entheses and skin. The objectives of this follow-up were to study the effects of the weight loss treatment on disease activity in longer term (12 and 24 months) and to study the effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The patients were assessed with 66/68 joints count, Leeds enthesitis index (LEI), body surface area, blood pressure, BMI, questionnaires and fasting blood samples at the 12- and 24-month visits.Results In total, 39 and 35 PsA patients attended the 12- and the 24-month visits, respectively. Median weight loss since baseline was 16.0 % (IQR 10.5–22.4) and 7.4% (IQR 5.1–14.0) at the 12- and 24-months follow-up. The 66/68 swollen/tender joints score, LEI, CRP and HAQ score were still significantly reduced at the 12- and 24-month visits compared to baseline. The number of patients with Minimal Disease Activity increased from 28.2% (11/39) at baseline, to 38.5% (15/39; p=0.008) and 45.7 % (16/35; p=0.016) at the 12- and 24-month visits.The weight loss was also associated with improved levels of serum lipids, glucose and urate and the antihypertensive treatment was reduced or stopped in five patients during the follow-up.Conclusions Weight loss treatment, with VLED included in the program, was associated with long-term improvement of measures of disease activity, self-reported function and markers of the metabolic syndrome after 24-months follow-up.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02917434, Registered September 28, 2016- Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02917434
Allogeneic Administration of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Preliminary Outcomes in Four Vietnamese Infants.
Authors: Thanh Liem Nguyen , Hong Thai Trieu Thi , Hong Hue Bui Thi , Hoang Van T. , Tuyet Anh Nguyen Thi , Hong Nhung Trinh Thi , Nguyen Kien T. , Hoang Duc M.
Published: October 2020

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe condition in premature infants that compromises lung function and necessitates oxygen support. Despite major improvements in perinatal care minimizing the devastating effects, BPD remains the most frequent complication of extreme preterm birth. Our study reports the safety of the allogeneic administration of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (allo-UC-MSCs) and the progression of lung development in four infants with established BPD.
Methods : UC tissue was collected from a healthy donor, followed by propagation at the Stem Cell Core Facility at Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology. UC-MSC culture was conducted under xeno- and serum-free conditions. Four patients with established BPD were enrolled in this study between May 25, 2018, and December 31, 2018. All four patients received two intravenous doses of allo-UC-MSCs (1 million cells/kg patient body weight (PBW) per dose) with an intervening interval of 7 days. Safety and patient conditions were evaluated during hospitalization and at 7 days and 1, 6 and 12 months postdischarge.
Results: No intervention-associated severe adverse events or prespecified adverse events were observed in the four patients throughout the study period. At the time of this report, all patients had recovered from BPD and were weaned off of oxygen support. Chest X-rays and CT scans confirmed the progressive reductions in fibrosis.
Conclusions: Allo-UC-MSC administration is safe in preterm infants with established BPD.
Trial registration : This preliminary study was approved by the Vinmec International Hospital Ethics Board (approval number: 88/2019/QĐ-VMEC; retrospectively registered March 12, 2019).
Continuum of hepatitis C care cascade in prison and following release in the direct-acting antivirals era
Authors: Hariri Sanam , Sharafi Heidar , Sheikh Mahdi , Merat Shahin , Hashemi Farnaz , Azimian Fatemeh , Tamadoni Babak , Ramazani Rashid , Gouya Mohamad Mehdi , Abbasi Behzad , Tashakorian Mehrzad , Alasvand Ramin , Alavian Seyed Moayed , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: October 2020

Background: People with criminal justice involvement contribute remarkably to the rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden; however, the continuum of care is a major barrier to prison-based programs. We aimed to evaluate a comprehensive HCV care model in an Iranian provincial prison.Methods: Between 2017-2018, in the Karaj Central Prison, newly admitted male inmates received HCV antibody testing and venipuncture for RNA testing (antibody-positive only). Participants with positive RNA underwent direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir). Sustained virological response was evaluated at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12).Results: Overall, from 3,485 participants, 182 (5.2%) and 117 (3.4%) tested positive for HCV antibody and RNA, respectively. Among 116 patients who were eligible for treatment, 24% (n=28) were released before treatment and 72% (n=83) initiated DAA therapy, of whom 81% (n=67/83) completed treatment in prison, and the rest were released. Of total released patients, 68% (n=30/44) were linked to care in community, and 70% (n=21/30) completed treatment, including 60% (n=12/20) and 90% (n=9/10) among those who were released before and during treatment, respectively. The overall HCV treatment uptake and completion were 89% (n=103/116) and 85% (n=88/103), respectively. From people who completed treatment, 43% (n=38/88) attended for response assessment and all were cured (SVR=100%).Conclusions: Integrated HCV care models are highly effective and can be significantly strengthened by post-release interventions. The close collaboration of community and prison healthcare systems is crucial to promote high levels of treatment adherence. Future studies should investigate the predictors of engagement with HCV care following release.
“Can Virtue Be Taught?”: A Content Analysis of Medical Students’ Opinions of the Professional and Ethical Challenges to their Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Hawking Michael , Kim Jenny , Jih Melody , Hu Chelsea , Yoon John D.
Published: October 2020

Background
Efforts have begun to characterize the ethical and professional issues encountered by medical students in their clinical years. By applying previously identified taxonomies to a national sample of medical students, this study seeks to develop generalizable insights that can inform professional identity formation across various clerkships and medical institutions.
Methods
In a national survey of medical students, participants answered an open-ended survey item that asked them to describe a clinical experience involving an ethical or professional issue. We coded these responses using the Kaldjian taxonomy of ethical and professionalism themes in medical education through an iterative, consensus-building process. Noting the emerging virtues-based approach to ethics and professionalism, we also reexamined the data using a taxonomy of virtues.
Results
The response rate to this survey item was 144 out of 499 eligible respondents (28.9%). All 144 responses were successfully coded under one or more themes in the original taxonomy of ethical and professional issues, resulting in a total of 173 coded responses. Professional Duties was the most frequently coded theme (29.2%), followed by Communication (26.4%), Quality of Care (18.8%), Student-specific Issues of Moral Distress (16.7%), Decisions Regarding Treatment (16.0%), and Justice (13.2%). In the virtues taxonomy, 180 total responses were coded from the 144 original responses, and the most frequent virtue coded was Wisdom (23.6%), followed by Respectfulness (20.1%) and Compassion or Empathy (13.9%).
Conclusions
Originally developed from students’ clinical experiences in one institution, the Kaldjian taxonomy appears to serve as a useful analytical framework for categorizing a variety of clinical experiences faced by a national sample of medical students. This study also supports the development of virtue-based programs that focus on cultivating the virtue of wisdom in the practice of medicine.
Oop Opvoedkundige Hulpbronne (OOH)
Authors: Van Der Walt Wynand
Published: October 2020

The presentation was aimed at the academic cohort at P.J. Olivier Hoërskool in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, and provides an introduction to the benefits of Open Educational Resources at school level.
Oop Opvoedkundige Hulpbronne (OOH).pptx
Authors: Van Der Walt Wynand
Published: October 2020

The presentation was aimed at the academic cohort at P.J. Olivier Hoërskool in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, and provides an introduction to the benefits of Open Educational Resources at school level.
İnovasyon Yönetiminin İşletme Performansina Etkisi: Dams Makine Örneği
Authors: Tiftik Canan
Published: October 2020

İşletmeler; son zamanlarda hızla etkisini gösteren küreselleşme ve teknolojik gelişmeler sebebiyle işletme bünyesinde çeşitli yöntemler ve yenilikler geliştirmektedir. Ülkeler arasındaki ekonomik, siyasi, sosyal ilişkilerin gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşması, bilgi akışının teknolojiyle birlikte daha hızlı bir şekilde sağlanması, çok uluslu şirketlerin dünya ekonomisinde yer edinmesi ve finans piyasalarının yerel sınırları aşıp uluslararası hale gelmesi, küreselleşmenin ve bunun dâhilinde teknolojik gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. İletişim ve ulaşım teknolojilerin gelişmesi işletmelerin yerel sınırlardan çıkıp dünya ekonomisine hizmet sunmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu etkiler sebebiyle işletmeler dünya ekonomisinde yer edinmek, hizmetlerini geliştirmek ve bu rekabet ortamında kendilerini muhafaza etmek için inovasyona önem vermek durumundadırlar. Bu çalışmada, inovatif çalışmaların işletme performansına etkileri analiz edilerek bir değerlendirme yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu nedenle İzmir’de bulunan gıda sektörü üzerine makine imalatı yapan DAMS Makine işletmesinde inovasyon yönetimi ve işletme performansı üzerine anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu projede, DAMS Makine işletmesinde yönetim pozisyonunda çalışan 9 kişiye anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda inovasyon yönetiminin işletmenin performansına etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Industrial internet of things: Investigation of the applications, issues, and challenges
Authors:   College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Khan Shakir , Altayar Mohammed ,   College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly becoming a major component of contemporary societies and the next stage of the Internet’s development. Its applications have touched several aspects of our lives, including health, economy, technology, education, environment, and transport. In addition, recent research shows that interest in the IoT is increasing, driven by the potential benefits that it brings, such as improving efficiency and productivity, saving time and effort, staying connected, better health services and care, improved safety and security, automation and control among other benefits. However, despite these advantages and due to the infancy of the IoT, research around this topic is still evolving, and more needs to be done to understand this paradigm of technology. This paper aims to review current applications and challenges associated with its adoption. It provides insights into current applications of the IoT in different domains, including smart cities, health care, smart agriculture, smart water management, retail, logistic and product lifetime management, smart living, public safety and environmental monitoring, and the IoT for physically challenged persons. Concerning the challenges, the study discusses issues related to confidentiality, security, and privacy, data management, machine-to-machine communication, interoperability, reliability, availability and robustness, technological architecture issues, and standardization. Finally, the study concludes with a summary of the findings and suggestions for future research.
Ride-Hailing Services and Alcohol Consumption: Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Burtch Gordon , Greenwood Brad N , McCullough Jeffrey S
Published: October 2020

Background

Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences and a leading cause of preventable deaths. Ride-hailing services such as Uber have been found to prevent alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities. These services may, however, facilitate alcohol consumption generally and binge drinking in particular.

Objective

The goal of the research is to measure the impact of ride-hailing services on the extent and intensity of alcohol consumption. We allow these associations to depend on population density as the use of ride-hailing services varies across markets.

Methods

We exploit the phased rollout of the ride-hailing platform Uber using a difference-in-differences approach. We use this variation to measure changes in alcohol consumption among a local population following Uber’s entry. Data are drawn from Uber press releases to capture platform entry and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) Annual Survey to measure alcohol consumption in 113 metropolitan areas. Models are estimated using fixed-effects Poisson regression. Pre- and postentry trends are used to validate this approach.

Results

Ride-hailing has no association with the extent of alcohol consumption in high (0.61 [95% CI –0.05% to 1.28%]) or low (0.61 [95% CI –0.05% to 1.28%]) density markets, but is associated with increases in the binge drinking rate in high-density markets (0.71 [95% CI 0.13% to 1.29%]). This corresponds to a 4% increase in binge drinking within a Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Conclusions

Ride-hailing services are associated with an increase in binge drinking, which has been associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes. Drunk driving rates have fallen for more than a decade, while binge drinking continues to climb. Both trends may be accelerated by ride-hailing services. This suggests that health information messaging should increase emphasis on the direct dangers of alcohol consumption and binge drinking.
Real-Time Communication: Creating a Path to COVID-19 Public Health Activism in Adolescents Using Social Media
Authors: Sobowale Kunmi , Hilliard Heather , Ignaszewski Martha J , Chokroverty Linda
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health efforts limiting in-person social interactions present unique challenges to adolescents. Social media, which is widely used by adolescents, presents an opportunity to counteract these challenges and promote adolescent health and public health activism. However, public health organizations and officials underuse social media to communicate with adolescents. Using well-established risk communication strategies and insights from adolescent development and human-computer interaction literature, we identify current efforts and gaps, and propose recommendations to advance the use of social media risk communication for adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and future disasters.
Public Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter: Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling Study
Authors: Boon-Itt Sakun , Skunkan Yukolpat
Published: October 2020

Background

COVID-19 is a scientifically and medically novel disease that is not fully understood because it has yet to be consistently and deeply studied. Among the gaps in research on the COVID-19 outbreak, there is a lack of sufficient infoveillance data.

Objective

The aim of this study was to increase understanding of public awareness of COVID-19 pandemic trends and uncover meaningful themes of concern posted by Twitter users in the English language during the pandemic.

Methods

Data mining was conducted on Twitter to collect a total of 107,990 tweets related to COVID-19 between December 13 and March 9, 2020. The analyses included frequency of keywords, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling to identify and explore discussion topics over time. A natural language processing approach and the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm were used to identify the most common tweet topics as well as to categorize clusters and identify themes based on the keyword analysis.

Results

The results indicate three main aspects of public awareness and concern regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. First, the trend of the spread and symptoms of COVID-19 can be divided into three stages. Second, the results of the sentiment analysis showed that people have a negative outlook toward COVID-19. Third, based on topic modeling, the themes relating to COVID-19 and the outbreak were divided into three categories: the COVID-19 pandemic emergency, how to control COVID-19, and reports on COVID-19.

Conclusions

Sentiment analysis and topic modeling can produce useful information about the trends in the discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media as well as alternative perspectives to investigate the COVID-19 crisis, which has created considerable public awareness. This study shows that Twitter is a good communication channel for understanding both public concern and public awareness about COVID-19. These findings can help health departments communicate information to alleviate specific public concerns about the disease.
Efficacy of a Transdiagnostic Self-Help Internet Intervention for Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Batterham Philip J , Calear Alison L , Farrer Louise , Gulliver Amelia , Kurz Ella
Published: October 2020

Background

Low-intensity self-guided mental health interventions that are delivered on the web may meet the needs and preferences of adults with mild to moderate symptoms. However, few clinical trials have examined the effectiveness of self-guided transdiagnostic interventions within a naturalistic setting.

Objective

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) tests the effectiveness of the video-based transdiagnostic intervention FitMindKit in reducing depression symptoms (primary outcome), anxiety symptoms, disability, and suicidal ideation, relative to an attention-matched control condition called HealthWatch.

Methods

The RCT was conducted with adults living in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Participants (n=1986) were recruited through the web using social media advertisements, screened for psychological distress, and then randomized to receive one of two 4-week programs: FitMindKit (12-module psychotherapy intervention) or HealthWatch (12-module program providing general health information). Participants were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks postbaseline. To maintain the ecological validity of the trial, participants completed brief assessments and interventions without direct researcher contact or incentives.

Results

Mixed model repeated-measures analyses of variance demonstrated that FitMindKit significantly improved depression symptoms (F1,701.7=3.97; P=.047), along with panic symptoms (F1,706.5=5.59; P=.02) and social anxiety symptoms (F1,680.0=12.37; P<.001), relative to the attention control condition. There were no significant effects on other outcomes.

Conclusions

Self-guided transdiagnostic interventions can be beneficial when delivered directly to end users through the internet. Despite low adherence and small effect sizes, the availability of such interventions is likely to fill a critical gap in the accessibility of mental health services for the community.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001688279; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376113.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100341
Where Virtual Care Was Already a Reality: Experiences of a Nationwide Telehealth Service Provider During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Uscher-Pines Lori , Thompson James , Taylor Prentiss , Dean Kristin , Yuan Tony , Tong Ian , Mehrotra Ateev
Published: October 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the use of and demand for telehealth services.

Objective

Here, we describe the utilization of telehealth services provided by Doctor On Demand, Inc., a well-known telehealth company in the United States, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explore how the number of virtual visits, reasons for visits, and patients served changed over time.

Methods

We reported data as a percentage change from the baseline week during 2 distinct time periods: February-June 2019 and February-June 2020 based on 4 categories of visits: respiratory illness, unscheduled behavioral health, scheduled behavioral health, and chronic illness.

Results

In 2020, the total visit volume increased considerably from March through April 7, 2020 (59% above the baseline) and then declined through the week of June 2 (15% above the baseline). Visits for respiratory illnesses increased through the week of March 24 (30% above the baseline) and then steadily declined through the week of June 2 (65% below the baseline). Higher relative increases were observed for unscheduled behavioral health and chronic illness visits through April (109% and 131% above the baseline, respectively) before a decline through the week of June 2 (69% and 37% above the baseline, respectively). Increases in visit volume among rural residents were slightly higher than those among urban residents (peak at 64% vs 58% above the baseline, respectively).

Conclusions

Although this telehealth service provider observed a substantial increase in the volume of visits during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is interesting to note that this growth was not fueled by COVID-19 concerns but by visits for behavioral health and chronic illness. Telehealth services may play a role as a “safety valve” for patients who have difficulty accessing care during a public health emergency.
Effects of a Mobile App Called Quittr, Which Utilizes Premium Currency and Games Features, on Improving Engagement With Smoking Cessation Intervention: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bindoff Ivan , Ling Tristan R , Gee Peter , Geelan Benjamin , Ferguson Stuart G , Peterson Gregory M
Published: October 2020

Background

Numerous mobile health (mHealth) apps have been developed to support smokers attempting to quit smoking. Although these apps have been reported to be successful, only modest improvements in the quit rate have been measured. It has been proposed that efforts to improve user engagement and retention may improve the quit rate further. Owing to the high cost of smoking-related disease, it is considered worthwhile to pursue even small improvements.

Objective

The aim of this study was to test a novel smartphone app that leverages premium currency strategies developed by the mobile games industry in an attempt to improve engagement and retention with a smoking cessation intervention.

Methods

We designed and developed a smoking cessation app called “Quittr” in line with previously developed smoking cessation mHealth apps. In addition to this established framework, we added a stand-alone fully featured city-building clicker-style game called “Tappy Town,” and a premium virtual currency called “QuitCoins.” The user earns QuitCoins for using the app in a way that contributes positively toward their quit attempt, and they can redeem these coins in Tappy Town for bonuses. To establish whether these features improved engagement and retention, we ran a 5-month randomized controlled trial where the intervention group had the full app with the extra games features, while the control group had the standard app only. Recruitment was performed via web-based advertising. Participants (N=175) had no direct contact with the researchers or other support staff.

Results

No significant differences in terms of engagement, retention, or smoking outcomes were found between the control and intervention groups. However, survey data indicated that the majority of the participants valued Tappy Town (10/17, 59%) and the QuitCoins rewards system (13/17, 77%). Usage data also suggested that Tappy Town was widely played and was generally appealing to users (mean total time spent in app, control group: 797 seconds vs intervention group: 3502 seconds, P<.001). Analysis of the results suggests that users in the intervention group may have been negatively affected by the aspects of the chosen design, and some theories were explored to explain this unexpected outcome.

Conclusions

Although the novel features of the Quittr app failed to improve the key outcomes measured in this study, there were enough positive indications to warrant further exploration of the concept. Additional research will be required to identify and correct any design flaws that may have adversely affected our participants before a follow-up study can be completed.

Trial Registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12617000491369; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372661&isReview=true
An Easy-to-Use Machine Learning Model to Predict the Prognosis of Patients With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun , Han Deokjae , Kim Jeong-Han , Kim Daehyun , Ha Beomman , Seog Woong , Lee Yeon-Kyeng , Lim Dosang , Hong Sung Ok , Park Mi-Jin , Heo JoonNyung
Published: October 2020

Background

Prioritizing patients in need of intensive care is necessary to reduce the mortality rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although several scoring methods have been introduced, many require laboratory or radiographic findings that are not always easily available.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning model that predicts the need for intensive care for patients with COVID-19 using easily obtainable characteristics—baseline demographics, comorbidities, and symptoms.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed using a nationwide cohort in South Korea. Patients admitted to 100 hospitals from January 25, 2020, to June 3, 2020, were included. Patient information was collected retrospectively by the attending physicians in each hospital and uploaded to an online case report form. Variables that could be easily provided were extracted. The variables were age, sex, smoking history, body temperature, comorbidities, activities of daily living, and symptoms. The primary outcome was the need for intensive care, defined as admission to the intensive care unit, use of extracorporeal life support, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, or death within 30 days of hospitalization. Patients admitted until March 20, 2020, were included in the derivation group to develop prediction models using an automated machine learning technique. The models were externally validated in patients admitted after March 21, 2020. The machine learning model with the best discrimination performance was selected and compared against the CURB-65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and 65 years of age or older) score using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

A total of 4787 patients were included in the analysis, of which 3294 were assigned to the derivation group and 1493 to the validation group. Among the 4787 patients, 460 (9.6%) patients needed intensive care. Of the 55 machine learning models developed, the XGBoost model revealed the highest discrimination performance. The AUC of the XGBoost model was 0.897 (95% CI 0.877-0.917) for the derivation group and 0.885 (95% CI 0.855-0.915) for the validation group. Both the AUCs were superior to those of CURB-65, which were 0.836 (95% CI 0.825-0.847) and 0.843 (95% CI 0.829-0.857), respectively.

Conclusions

We developed a machine learning model comprising simple patient-provided characteristics, which can efficiently predict the need for intensive care among patients with COVID-19.
Diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease on a Smartphone Using Patient-Reported Symptoms and Cough Analysis: Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Porter Paul , Claxton Scott , Brisbane Joanna , Bear Natasha , Wood Javan , Peltonen Vesa , Della Phillip , Purdie Fiona , Smith Claire , Abeyratne Udantha
Published: October 2020

Background

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is problematic in acute care settings, particularly in the presence of infective comorbidities.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid smartphone-based algorithm for the detection of COPD in the presence or absence of acute respiratory infection and evaluate diagnostic accuracy on an independent validation set.

Methods

Participants aged 40 to 75 years with or without symptoms of respiratory disease who had no chronic respiratory condition apart from COPD, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema were recruited into the study. The algorithm analyzed 5 cough sounds and 4 patient-reported clinical symptoms, providing a diagnosis in less than 1 minute. Clinical diagnoses were determined by a specialist physician using all available case notes, including spirometry where available.

Results

The algorithm demonstrated high positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) with clinical diagnosis for COPD in the total cohort (N=252; PPA=93.8%, NPA=77.0%, area under the curve [AUC]=0.95), in participants with pneumonia or infective exacerbations of COPD (n=117; PPA=86.7%, NPA=80.5%, AUC=0.93), and in participants without an infective comorbidity (n=135; PPA=100.0%, NPA=74.0%, AUC=0.97). In those who had their COPD confirmed by spirometry (n=229), PPA was 100.0% and NPA was 77.0%, with an AUC of 0.97.

Conclusions

The algorithm demonstrated high agreement with clinical diagnosis and rapidly detected COPD in participants presenting with or without other infective lung illnesses. The algorithm can be installed on a smartphone to provide bedside diagnosis of COPD in acute care settings, inform treatment regimens, and identify those at increased risk of mortality due to seasonal or other respiratory ailments.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001521213; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375939
Empresas del Estado y su vinculación al Derecho Público en materia laboral
Authors: Opazo de la Fuente Valeska Adela
Published: October 2020

Due to the autonomy of state companies and their commercial nature, this work aims to maintain that such organizations are conditioned on public principles in labor relations, and their public servants are regulated by an administrative statute that is different from the rest of the government workers, that allows them to hold, in general, collective rights. In the first part, starting from that state companies belong to public administration, this work analyzes the public demands that are imposed on them as employers and the importance of these for the community protection. In the second part, the premise focuses on the public character of the workers and their special regulation, space from which the article examines three rights in particular: unionization, collective negotiation and strikes. It concludes, regarding the companies, that public interest involved in their management bases a special way of functioning in their labor relations, and regarding their workers, it is established that they hold the indicated rights, except the right to strike, which it only proceeds with respect a state company.
Una mirada por parte de la Corte Suprema al artículo 1558 inciso 1º del Código Civil
Authors: Ulloa Valenzuela Pablo
Published: October 2020

The reflections that the Supreme Court held, on the occasion of the examination of a medical civil liability case, on the notion of predictability referred to in paragraph 1 of article 1558 of Civil Code. It is intended, in short, to clarify what the maximum court considers to be predictable and, next, what role predictability has in the structure of contractual liability.
‘Ali al-Ghumuqi (Kayaev) as the Historian of Caucasus’ Muslim Peoples
Authors: Bobrovnikov V. O. , Kayaev M. I.
Published: October 2020

The paper is an attempt at writing of the new conceptual biography of a renowned Muslim reformist leader in late tsarist and early Soviet Caucasus. After ‘Ali al- Ghumuqi more known under the name of Kayaev (1878–1943) from the Dagestani village of Ghumuq fell the victim of the Stalinist political repressions and then was gradually rehabilitated, historians often presented him a leftist journalist and politician close to the Bolsheviks, sometimes also a bibliophile who collected one of the largest private libraries of Muslim Oriental manuscripts and documents. Seriously revising this not very correct image the authors of this article investigate rather his academic research activities that allow rethinking Kayaev as a Muslim historian revisionist. The focus is made on his Oriental source studies that traced the future development of the famous Dagestani school of academic Oriental studies in the twentieth century, as well as on Kayaev’s original treatment of Muslim historiography he considered through the lenses of Muslim peoples’ development as principal historical actors.
Russian Muslims in the Moscow Region: Aspects of Self-Understanding and the Role in Communities
Authors: Nikiticheva A. O.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the situation of modern ethnic Russians Muslims in the Muslim communities of the Moscow region. Firstly, the history of the formation of the used terminology is briefl y traced, related concepts and semantic contexts are listed. The author draws attention to the fact, that the topic is not suffi ciently covered in the scientifi c literature with a rather high level of interest in it in journalism, as well as the presence of various kinds of stereotypes that require expert refutation.
Sociocultural Features of Development of State-Public Management System of Islamic Educational Organization in the Present-Day Russia
Authors: Yakovleva A. V.
Published: October 2020

The article describes a number of reasons that actualize the regular interaction of state and public management institutions in the further development of Islamic education in order to strengthen the human resources of Islamic educational organizations, as well as to train qualitatively new specialists in the fi eld of Islamic theology. The importance of this topic increases due to the lack of mechanisms in the legislation for interaction between public and state management institutions in the system of Islamic education in the modern social and legal fi eld of Russia. The article focuses on the fact that the development of Islamic education in Russia should be considered in context of regional development and features.
Ibn Rushd. The Great Commentary on Aristotle’s ‘De Anima’ (Book III, Comment. 20)
Authors: Efremova N. V.
Published: October 2020

The second part of the publication, which has been started in the previous issue of the journal, presents the translation of the fi nal fragment of the commentary of the prominent Arab- Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 1198) made by him to the fi fth chapter of the third book of the Aristotelian treatise “On the Soul”. The incorruptibility in this chapter, which traditionally is attributed exclusively to the active intellect, was interpreted by Ibn Rushd as primarily characterizing the material intellect. Affi rming the immanence of the active intellect, the Commentator emphasizes its status as a form for material intellect and points out to its aff ability on the part of the intentions of the imaginative forms. Here the author also substantiates the Aristotle’s thesis concerning the cessation of remembrance after the separation of the soul from the body.
Review: Ravil I. Gaynutdin. Islam: verouchenie, poklonenie, nravstvennost', zakon [Islam: Doctrine, Worship, Ethical Order, Law]. Moscow: Medina, 2020
Authors: Polosin V. S.
Published: October 2020

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On the Authenticity of the Najran Treatise on Jizya: Substantive Analysis of Traditions about Its Text
Authors: Ibrahim T. K.
Published: October 2020

This publication is the third in a series of articles devoted to the dominant thesis in traditional Islamic political and legal theology about Jizya as a tribute from Non- Muslims, established by the Prophet Muhammad. The fi rst article analyzed the question of the authenticity, from a formal hadithological point of view (i. e., in the aspect of isnad), of the traditions about Nadjran deputation, and partly about the treaty with the Christians of Najran; in the second, this issue was considered already in a substantial way, referring to the composition of the Christian deputation. The present article continues this substantive analysis, but already in relation to the text of the Jizya treaty. The study is conducted in line with the reformistmodernist discourse, orientated on the disclosure of the tolerant- pluralistic intention of prophetic Islam.
On the Formation of Confl ictological Culture of Muslim Clergy
Authors: Sayakhov R. L.
Published: October 2020

The relevance of the article consists in its analyzing of some confl ict situations containing religious factor in simultaneous stressing the unreadiness of graduates of all levels of the Islamic education system to solve confl icts. The article presents analysis of interactions presented in the Qur’an and provided with divine methods of confl ict resolution. The purpose of the analysis is to expand the theoretical base for the development of optimal didactic means of forming a confl ictological culture of Muslim clergy. The study allows us to conclude that the Holy Qur’an contains none fundamental disagreement with the theoretical postulates and practical recommendations of confl ictologists. Considering, that for believers quotations of Holy Scripture are much more signifi cant than results of any scientifi c research, the Qur’anic teachings are the most eff ective means to develop a confl ictological culture of Muslim clergy. The article would be useful for confl ict scholars, confl ict psychologists, religious scholars and theologians, the current Muslim clergy at all levels.
Tatar Philosophy (General and Special Traits — The Middle Ages)
Authors: Yuzeev A. N.
Published: October 2020

Tatar philosophy has a long history and dates back to the ancestors of the Tatars, i. e. the Volga Bulgars, who fi rst laid the foundations of philosophical knowledge in the Middle Ages in the X century. Medieval Tatar literature of the X — third quarter of the XVIII centuries is one of the foundations of Tatar social and philosophical thought (A. Yasavi (XII century), Qul- Gali (XIII century), Qutb (XIV century), S. Sarai (XIV century), Muhammadyar (XVI century)). Most of the works of Tatar thinkers of the X–XVIII centuries are syncretic. Works at the same time were both a literary source, and a book on ethics, and an essay that reveals the philosophical views of Tatar thinkers.
Graph coloring using commuting order product prime graph
Authors: Bello Muhammed , Mohd Ali Nor Muhainiah , Ibrahim Isah Surajo
Published: October 2020

The concept of graph coloring has become a very active field of research that enhances many practical applications and theoretical challenges. Various methods have been applied in carrying out this study. Let G be a finite group. In this paper, we introduce a new graph of groups, which is a commuting order product prime graph of finite groups as a graph having the elements of G as its vertices and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they commute and the product of their order is a prime power. This is an extension of the study for order product prime graph of finite groups. The graph's general presentations on dihedral groups, generalized quaternion groups, quasi-dihedral groups, and cyclic groups have been obtained in this paper. Moreover, the commuting order product prime graph on these groups has been classified as connected, complete, regular, or planar. These results are used in studying various and recently introduced chromatic numbers of graphs.