bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo cell type-specific CRISPR knockdown of dopamine beta hydroxylase reduces locus coeruleus evoked wakefulness
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Hopf F. Woodward , Li Shi-Bin , de Lecea Luis
Published: November 2018

Locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in the brainstem have long been associated with attention and arousal. Optogenetic stimulation of LC-NE neurons induces immediate sleep-to-wake transitions. However, LC neurons also secrete other neurotransmitters in addition to NE. To interrogate the role of NE derived from the LC in regulating wakefulness, we applied in vivo cell type-specific CRISPR/Cas9 technology to disrupt the dopamine beta hydroxylase (dbh) gene selectively in adult LC-NE neurons. Unilateral dbh gene disruption abolished immediate arousal following optogenetic stimulation of LC. Bilateral LC-specific dbh disruption significantly reduced NE concentration in LC projection areas and reduced wake length even in the presence of salient stimuli. These results suggest that NE may be crucial for the awakening effect of LC stimulation and serve as proof-of-principle that CRISPR gene editing in adult neurons can be used to interrogate gene function within genetically-defined neuronal circuitry associated with complex behaviors.
Physical and environmental drivers of Paleozoic tetrapod dispersal across Pangaea
Authors: Brocklehurst Neil , Dunne Emma M. , Cashmore Daniel D. , Frӧbisch Jӧrg
Published: November 2018

The Carboniferous and Permian were crucial intervals in the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems, which occurred alongside substantial environmental and climate changes throughout the globe, as well as the final assembly of the supercontinent of Pangaea. The influence of these changes on tetrapod biogeography is highly contentious, with some authors suggesting a cosmopolitan fauna resulting from a lack of barriers, and some identifying provincialism. Here we carry out a detailed historical biogeographic analysis of late Paleozoic tetrapods to study the patterns of dispersal and vicariance. A likelihood-based approach to infer ancestral areas is combined with stochastic mapping to assess rates of vicariance and dispersal. Both the late Carboniferous and the end-Guadalupian are characterised by a decrease in dispersal and a vicariance peak in amniotes and amphibians. The first of these shifts is attributed to orogenic activity, the second to increasing climate heterogeneity.
The genomic landscape of molecular responses to natural drought stress in Panicum hallii
Authors: Lovell John T. , Jenkins Jerry , Lowry David B. , Mamidi Sujan , Sreedasyam Avinash , Weng Xiaoyu , Barry Kerrie , Bonnette Jason , Campitelli Brandon , Daum Chris , Gordon Sean P. , Gould Billie A. , Khasanova Albina , Lipzen Anna , MacQueen Alice , Palacio-Mejía Juan Diego , Plott Christopher , Shakirov Eugene V. , Shu Shengqiang , Yoshinaga Yuko , Zane Matt , Kudrna Dave , Talag Jason D. , Rokhsar Daniel , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , Juenger Thomas E.
Published: November 2018

Environmental stress is a major driver of ecological community dynamics and agricultural productivity. This is especially true for soil water availability, because drought is the greatest abiotic inhibitor of worldwide crop yields. Here, we test the genetic basis of drought responses in the genetic model for C4 perennial grasses, Panicum hallii, through population genomics, field-scale gene-expression (eQTL) analysis, and comparison of two complete genomes. While gene expression networks are dominated by local cis-regulatory elements, we observe three genomic hotspots of unlinked trans-regulatory loci. These regulatory hubs are four times more drought responsive than the genome-wide average. Additionally, cis- and trans-regulatory networks are more likely to have opposing effects than expected under neutral evolution, supporting a strong influence of compensatory evolution and stabilizing selection. These results implicate trans-regulatory evolution as a driver of drought responses and demonstrate the potential for crop improvement in drought-prone regions through modification of gene regulatory networks.
Irradiation-induced palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative desaturation enabled by a dual ligand system
Authors: Cheng Wan-Min , Shang Rui , Fu Yao
Published: November 2018

Generation of alkenes through decarboxyolefination of alkane carboxylates has significant synthetic value in view of the easy availability of a variety of carboxylic acids and the synthetic versatility of alkenes. Herein we report that palladium catalysts under irradiation with blue LEDs (440 nm) catalyze decarboxylative desaturation of a variety of aliphatic carboxylates to generate aliphatic alkenes, styrenes, enol ethers, enamides, and peptide enamides under mild conditions. The selection of a dual phosphine ligand system is the key enabler for the successful development of this reaction. The Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative desaturation is utilized to achieve a three-step divergent synthesis of Chondriamide A and Chondriamide C in overall 68% yield from simple starting materials. Mechanistic studies suggest that, distinct from palladium catalysis under thermal condition, irradiation-induced palladium catalysis involves irradiation-induced single-electron transfer and dynamic ligand-dissociation/association process to allow two phosphine ligand to work synergistically.
Safety and tolerability of IRL790 in Parkinson’s disease with levodopa-induced dyskinesia—a phase 1b trial
Authors: Svenningsson Per , Johansson Anders , Nyholm Dag , Tsitsi Panagiota , Hansson Fredrik , Sonesson Clas , Tedroff Joakim
Published: November 2018

IRL790 is a novel compound with psychomotor stabilizing properties primarily targeting the dopamine D3 receptor. IRL790 is developed as an experimental treatment for levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), impulse control disorder, and psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The primary objective was to investigate the safety and tolerability of IRL790 in PD patients with LID in a randomized controlled trial. PD patients with peak-dose dyskinesia were randomized to placebo or IRL790 treatment (1:3 ratio) for 4 weeks. Study drug was given as an adjunct treatment to the patients’ regular stable antiparkinsonian medication. Dosing was individually titrated for 14 days, whereafter dosing was kept stable for an additional 14 days. Fifteen patients were randomized to treatment and 13 patients completed the 4-week treatment. Adverse events were mostly reported during the titration phase of the trial. They were mainly central nervous system related and could be mitigated by dose adjustments. There were no serious adverse events. There were no clinically significant changes in vital signs, electrocardiogram, and laboratory parameters due to the treatment. The average dose in the stable dose phase was 18 mg daily, yielding a 2-h post-dose plasma concentration of average 229 nM on day 28. Assessments for motor function showed a numeric reduction in dyskinesia. It is concluded that IRL790 can be safely administered to patients with advanced PD. The results will be of guidance for the design of phase 2 studies.
The association between neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Eyles Darryl W. , Trzaskowski Maciej , Vinkhuyzen Anna A. E. , Mattheisen Manuel , Meier Sandra , Gooch Helen , Anggono Victor , Cui Xiaoying , Tan Men Chee , Burne Thomas H. J. , Jang Se Eun , Kvaskoff David , Hougaard David M. , Nørgaard-Pedersen Bent , Cohen Arieh , Agerbo Esben , Pedersen Carsten B. , Børglum Anders D. , Mors Ole , Sah Pankaj , Wray Naomi R. , Mortensen Preben B. , McGrath John J.
Published: November 2018

Clues from the epidemiology of schizophrenia, such as the increased risk in those born in winter/spring, have led to the hypothesis that prenatal vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of later schizophrenia. We wish to explore this hypothesis in a large Danish case-control study (n = 2602). The concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was assessed from neonatal dried blood samples. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated when examined for quintiles of 25OHD concentration. In addition, we examined statistical models that combined 25OHD concentration and the schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) in a sample that combined the new sample with a previous study (total n = 3464; samples assayed and genotyped between 2008-2013). Compared to the reference (fourth) quintile, those in the lowest quintile (<20.4 nmol/L) had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia (IRR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.12–1.85). None of the other quintile comparisons were significantly different. There was no significant interaction between 25OHD and the PRS. Neonatal vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia in later life. These findings could have important public health implications related to the primary prevention of schizophrenia.
Computational affinity maturation of camelid single-domain intrabodies against the nonamyloid component of alpha-synuclein
Authors: Mahajan Sai Pooja , Meksiriporn Bunyarit , Waraho-Zhmayev Dujduan , Weyant Kevin B. , Kocer Ilkay , Butler David C. , Messer Anne , Escobedo Fernando A. , DeLisa Matthew P.
Published: November 2018

Improving the affinity of protein-protein interactions is a challenging problem that is particularly important in the development of antibodies for diagnostic and clinical use. Here, we used structure-based computational methods to optimize the binding affinity of VHNAC1, a single-domain intracellular antibody (intrabody) from the camelid family that was selected for its specific binding to the nonamyloid component (NAC) of human α-synuclein (α-syn), a natively disordered protein, implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related neurological disorders. Specifically, we performed ab initio modeling that revealed several possible modes of VHNAC1 binding to the NAC region of α-syn as well as mutations that potentially enhance the affinity between these interacting proteins. While our initial design strategy did not lead to improved affinity, it ultimately guided us towards a model that aligned more closely with experimental observations, revealing a key residue on the paratope and the participation of H4 loop residues in binding, as well as confirming the importance of electrostatic interactions. The binding activity of the best intrabody mutant, which involved just a single amino acid mutation compared to parental VHNAC1, was significantly enhanced primarily through a large increase in association rate. Our results indicate that structure-based computational design can be used to successfully improve the affinity of antibodies against natively disordered and weakly immunogenic antigens such as α-syn, even in cases such as ours where crystal structures are unavailable.
Apolipoprotein E genotypes among diverse middle-aged and older Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: González Hector M. , Tarraf Wassim , Jian Xueqiu , Vásquez Priscilla M. , Kaplan Robert , Thyagarajan Bharat , Daviglus Martha , Lamar Melissa , Gallo Linda C. , Zeng Donglin , Fornage Myriam
Published: November 2018

The apoE4 isoform is associated with increased cholesterol, cardiovascular risk, and Alzheimer’s Disease risk, however, its distribution is not well-understood among US Latinos. Latinos living in the US are highly Amerindian, European and African admixed, which varies by region and country of origin. However, Latino genetic diversity is understudied and consequently poorly understood, which has significant implications for understanding disease risk in nearly one-fifth of the US population. In this report we describe apoE distributions in a large and representative sample of diverse, genetically determined US Latinos.
Piwi-like 1 and -2 protein expression levels are prognostic factors for muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients
Authors: Eckstein Markus , Jung Rudolf , Weigelt Katrin , Sikic Danijel , Stöhr Robert , Geppert Carol , Agaimy Abbas , Lieb Verena , Hartmann Arndt , Wullich Bernd , Wach Sven , Taubert Helge
Published: November 2018

Piwi-like proteins are essential for stem-cell maintenance and self-renewal in multicellular organisms. We analyzed the expression of Piwi-like 1 and Piwi-like 2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 95 muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) samples using tissue microarray. Application of an immunoreactive score (IRS) revealed 37 and 45 patients who were Piwi-like 1 and -2 positive (IRS > 2). IHC results were correlated with clinico-pathological and survival data. The expression of both proteins was positively correlated with each other, lymph node metastasis and expression of CK20 and GATA 3. A negative correlation for both proteins was detected for disease-specific survival (DSS), recurrence, Ki67/MIB1 proliferation index, and CK5 expression. Detection of Piwi-like 1 protein positivity was associated with poor DSS (P = 0.019; log rank test, Kaplan-Meier analysis), and in multivariate Cox’s analysis (adjusted to tumor stage and tumor grade), it was an independent prognostic factor for DSS (RR = 2.16; P = 0.011). Piwi-like 2 positivity was associated with DSS (P = 0.008) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.040), and in multivariate Cox’s analysis, Piwi-like 2 positivity was an independent prognostic factor for DSS (RR = 2.46; P = 0.004) and RFS (RR = 3.0; P = 0.003). Most interestingly, in the basal type patient subgroup (CK5+/GATA3−), Piwi-like 2 positivity was associated with poorer DSS, OS and RFS (P < 0.001, P = 0.004 and P = 0.05; log rank test). In multivariate analysis, Piwi-like 2 positivity was an independent prognostic factor for DSS (RR = 12.70; P = 0.001), OS (RR = 6.62;  = 0.008) and RFS (RR=13.0; P = 0.040). In summary, Piwi-like 1 and -2 positivity are associated with clinico-pathological factors and survival. Both Piwi-like proteins are suggested as biomarkers for MIBC patients.
Antimicrobial potential of endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Feldman Mark , Smoum Reem , Mechoulam Raphael , Steinberg Doron
Published: November 2018

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have reached epidemic proportions globally. Staphylococcal biofilms are associated with increased antimicrobial resistance and are generally less affected by host immune factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel agents that not only aim at multidrug-resistant pathogens, but also ones that will act as anti biofilms. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the endocannabinoid (EC) anandamide (AEA) and the endocannabinoid-like (EC-like), arachidonoyl serine (AraS) against methicillin resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). We observed a strong inhibition of biofilm formation of all tested MRSA strains as well as a notable reduction of metabolic activity of pre-formed MRSA biofilms by both agents. Moreover, staphylococcal biofilm-associated virulence determinants such as hydrophobicity, cell aggregation and spreading ability were altered by AEA and AraS. In addition, the agents were able to modify bacterial membrane potential. Importantly, both compounds prevent biofilm formation by altering the surface of the cell without killing the bacteria. Therefore, we propose that EC and EC-like compounds may act as a natural line of defence against MRSA or other antibiotic resistant bacteria. Due to their anti biofilm action these agents could also be a promising alternative to antibiotic therapeutics against biofilm-associated MRSA infections.
Optimism for mitigation of climate warming impacts for sea turtles through nest shading and relocation
Authors: Esteban Nicole , Laloë Jacques-Olivier , Kiggen Fionne S. P. L. , Ubels Selma M. , Becking Leontine E. , Meesters Erik H. , Berkel Jessica , Hays Graeme C. , Christianen Marjolijn J. A.
Published: November 2018

Increasing incubation temperatures may threaten the viability of sea turtle populations. We explored opportunities for decreasing incubation temperatures at a Caribbean rookery with extreme female-biased hatchling production. To investigate the effect of artificial shading, temperatures were measured under simple materials (white sheet, white sand, palm leaves). To test natural drivers of incubation temperature, temperatures were measured at average nest depths with shading on two beaches. Results from a pilot experiment suggest the most effective material was palm leaves. Shading decreased temperatures by a mean of 0.60 °C (SE = 0.10 °C, N = 20). Variation between beaches averaged 1.88 °C (SE = 0.13 °C, N = 20). We used long-term rookery data combined with experimental data to estimate the effect on sex ratio: relocation and shading could shift ratios from current ranges (97–100% female) to 60–90% female. A conservation mitigation matrix summarises our evidence that artificial shading and nest relocation are effective, low-cost, low-technology conservation strategies to mitigate impacts of climate warming for sea turtles.
Dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex mediate the influence of incidental priming on economic decision making in obesity
Authors: Morys Filip , Bode Stefan , Horstmann Annette
Published: November 2018

Obese individuals discount future rewards to a higher degree than lean individuals, which is generally considered disadvantageous. Moreover, their decisions are altered more easily by decision-irrelevant cues. Here, we investigated neural correlates of this phenomenon using functional MRI. We tested 30 lean and 26 obese human subjects on a primed delay discounting paradigm using gustatory and visual cues of positive, neutral and negative valence to bias their intertemporal preferences. We hypothesised that activation differences in reward-related and behavioural control areas, and changes in connectivity between these areas, would reflect the effect of these cues. Here, obese subjects were more susceptible to priming with negative gustatory cues towards delayed choices as opposed to lean subjects. This was related to lower activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during priming. Modulation of functional connectivity between the dlPFC and the ventromedial PFC by the behavioural priming effect correlated negatively with BMI. This might indicate that default goals of obese individuals were different from those of lean participants, as the dlPFC has been suggested to be involved in internal goal pursuit. The present results further our understanding of the role of the PFC in decision-making and might inform future weight-management approaches based on non-invasive brain stimulation.
In-situ Measurement of Self-Atom Diffusion in Solids Using Amorphous Germanium as a Model System
Authors: Hüger Erwin , Strauß Florian , Stahn Jochen , Deubener Joachim , Bruns Michael , Schmidt Harald
Published: November 2018

We present in-situ self-diffusion experiments in solids, which were carried out by Focussing Neutron Reflectometry on isotope multilayers. This new approach offers the following advantages in comparison to classical ex-situ measurements: (1) Identification and continuous measurement of a time dependence of diffusivities, (2) significant reduction of error limits of diffusivities, and (3) substantial reduction of the necessary experimental time. In the framework of a case study, yet unknown self-diffusivities in amorphous germanium are measured at various temperatures quasi-continuously, each during isothermal annealing. A significant decrease of diffusivities as a function of annealing time by one order of magnitude is detected that is attributed to structural relaxation accompanied by defect annihilation. In metastable equilibrium the diffusivities follow the Arrhenius law between 375 and 412 °C with an activation energy of Q = (2.11 ± 0.12) eV. The diffusivities are five orders of magnitude higher than in germanium single crystals at 400 °C, mainly due to the lower activation energy.
Publisher Correction: MicroRNAs regulating superoxide dismutase 2 are new circulating biomarkers of heart failure
Authors: Dubois-Deruy Emilie , Cuvelliez Marie , Fiedler Jan , Charrier Henri , Mulder Paul , Hebbar Eleonore , Pfanne Angelika , Beseme Olivia , Chwastyniak Maggy , Amouyel Philippe , Richard Vincent , Bauters Christophe , Thum Thomas , Pinet Florence
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Network of proteins, enzymes and genes linked to biomass degradation shared by Trichoderma species
Authors: Horta Maria Augusta Crivelente , Filho Jaire Alves Ferreira , Murad Natália Faraj , de Oliveira Santos Eidy , dos Santos Clelton Aparecido , Mendes Juliano Sales , Brandão Marcelo Mendes , Azzoni Sindelia Freitas , de Souza Anete Pereira
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
The spatial epidemiology of sickle-cell anaemia in India
Authors: Hockham Carinna , Bhatt Samir , Colah Roshan , Mukherjee Malay B. , Penman Bridget S. , Gupta Sunetra , Piel Frédéric B.
Published: November 2018

Sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) is a neglected chronic disorder of increasing global health importance, with India estimated to have the second highest burden of the disease. In the country, SCA is particularly prevalent in scheduled populations, which comprise the most socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. We compiled a geodatabase of a substantial number of SCA surveys carried out in India over the last decade. Using generalised additive models and bootstrapping methods, we generated the first India-specific model-based map of sickle-cell allele frequency which accounts for the district-level distribution of scheduled and non-scheduled populations. Where possible, we derived state- and district-level estimates of the number of SCA newborns in 2020 in the two groups. Through the inclusion of an additional 158 data points and 1.3 million individuals, we considerably increased the amount of data in our mapping evidence-base compared to previous studies. Highest predicted frequencies of up to 10% spanned central India, whilst a hotspot of ~12% was observed in Jammu and Kashmir. Evidence was heavily biased towards scheduled populations and remained limited for non-scheduled populations, which can lead to considerable uncertainties in newborn estimates at national and state level. This has important implications for health policy and planning. By taking population composition into account, we have generated maps and estimates that better reflect the complex epidemiology of SCA in India and in turn provide more reliable estimates of its burden in the vast country. This work was supported by European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7//2007–2013)/European Research Council [268904 – DIVERSITY]; and the Newton-Bhabha Fund [227756052 to CH]
Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B inhibit in vitro angiogenesis by induction of Human Leukocyte Antigen G
Authors: Rizzo Roberta , D’Accolti Maria , Bortolotti Daria , Caccuri Francesca , Caruso Arnaldo , Di Luca Dario , Caselli Elisabetta
Published: November 2018

We have previously reported that human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection of endothelial cells (ECs) induces the loss of angiogenic properties, through the expression of HHV-6 U94, possibly associated to the release of a soluble mediator. It is also known that the soluble isoform of HLA-G exhibits an anti-angiogenic function, important in implantation, transplantation and neoplastic development. In this study, we analyzed the expression of HLA-G in HHV-6 infected ECs, showing that both HHV-6A and HHV-6B infection induce a potent up-modulation of HLA-G, including both membrane and soluble isoforms. Interestingly, HHV-6A and HHV-6B induced different isoforms of HLA-G. The virus-induced increase of HLA-G was likely due to the expression of the U94 viral gene, that by itself was able to reproduce the effect of whole virus. The effect of U94 was mediated by human transcription factor ATF3, that induced HLA-G activation by recognizing a consensus sequence on its promoter. Virus-induced inhibition of ECs angiogenic ability directly correlated to HLA-G expression and release, and the addition of anti-HLA-G antibody restored the angiogenic properties of HHV6-infected ECs. The induction of HLA-G expression in ECs might represent an important mediator of HHV-6 induced effects.
Duplex-specific nuclease-mediated target recycling amplification for fluorescence detection of microRNA
Authors: Tan Lin , Xu Liu , Liu Jin-Wen , Tang Li-Juan , Tang Hao , Yu Ruqin
Published: November 2018

Isothermal amplification techniques for nucleic acid detection have drawn increasing interest recently due to the simplicity and low-cost of instruments.
Deposition of nickel oxide nanoworms on anodized nickel foil substrates as highly effective thin-film microextraction sorbents to determine caffeine
Authors: Ghani Milad , Ghoreishi Sayed Mehdi , Nasrollahi Shokofe , Ansarinejad Hanieh
Published: November 2018

A very thin film of NiO nanoworms was successfully grown on an anodized Ni foil and used for TFME of caffeine in beverages and urine samples. The method was simple, fast and affordable.
Electrochemical behaviors of Li-argyrodite-based all-solid-state batteries under deep-freezing conditions
Authors: Choi Sungjun , Jeon Minjae , Kim Byung-Kook , Sang Byoung-In , Kim Hyoungchul
Published: November 2018

The electrochemical behavior of all-solid-state batteries in harsh environments was investigated and new insights for its low-temperature operation were provided.
Photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative alkylation/cyclization of alkynylphosphine oxides: a metal- and oxidant-free method for accessing benzo[b]phosphole oxides
Authors: Liu Lixin , Dong Jianyu , Yan Yani , Yin Shuang-Feng , Han Li-Biao , Zhou Yongbo
Published: November 2018

By photoredox-catalysis, alkylation/aryl cyclization of alkynylphosphine oxides towards benzo[b]phospholes has been realized under metal- and oxidant-free conditions at room temperature.
The nature of interactions of benzene with CF3I and CF3CH2I
Authors: Bujak Maciej , Stammler Hans-Georg , Blomeyer Sebastian , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: November 2018

Weak though structure determining interactions exist between benzene and F3CI or F3CCH2I; their natures are quite different and lead to different types of networks.
Conformational change due to intramolecular hydrophobic interaction leads to large blue-shifted emission from single molecular cage solutions
Authors: Li Hui , Xie Ting-Zheng , Liang Zihao , Dahal Dipendra , Shen Yidan , Sun Xinyu , Yang Yuqing , Pang Yi , Liu Tianbo
Published: November 2018

Intramolecular hydrophobic interaction in single metal–organic cage leads to the conformational change with a blue-shifted emission.
Regio- and stereo-selective [4+4] photodimerization of angular-shaped dialkyltetracenedithiophene
Authors: Hsu Tze-Gang , Chou Hsiao-Chieh , Liang Ming-Ju , Lai Yu-Ying , Cheng Yen-Ju
Published: November 2018

An angular-shaped dialkyltetracenedithiophene monomer undergoes [4+4] photodimerization to form a single “butterfly-shaped dimer” syn-[2,2]-daTDT with regio- and stereo-selectivity.
Size-dependent melting thermodynamic properties of selenium nanowires in theory and experiment
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Fu Qingshan , Cui Zixiang , Xue Yongqiang
Published: November 2018

A new core–shell melting model of nanowires was proposed to explain the size effect on the melting thermodynamics of nanowires.
Symmetrical polyhedron-bowl Co/CoO with hexagonal plate to forward electromagnetic wave absorption ability
Authors: Zhao Biao , Li Yang , Liu Junwei , Fan Lei , Gao Ka , Bai Zhongyi , Liang Luyang , Guo Xiaoqin , Zhang Rui
Published: November 2018

The symmetrical polyhedron-bowl structured Co/CoO displays enhanced microwave absorption properties.
A phase-transfer crystallization pathway to synthesize ultrasmall silicoaluminophosphate for enhanced catalytic conversion of dimethylether-to-olefin
Authors: Ding Hongxin , Ding Jiajia , Liu Wei , Zhao Xiaoling , Chi Qijin , Zhu Kake , Zhou Xinggui , Yang Weimin
Published: November 2018

This work reports a new phase-transfer crystallization pathway to generate ultrasmall silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34 for enhanced catalytic dimethylether-to-olefin conversion.
Auxiliary ligand-directed synthesis of 3D energetic coordination polymer from discrete complex: enhanced energy density, thermal stability and energy performance
Authors: Guo Zhaoqi , Wang Yu , Liu Xuemin , Zhang Cong , Zhang Yazhou , Ma Haixia
Published: November 2018

A discrete complex was manipulated into a 3D energetic coordination polymer with enhanced stability and energy performance through the incorporation of an auxiliary ligand.
Accuracy and reproducibility in crystal structure prediction: the curious case of ROY
Authors: Nyman Jonas , Yu Lian , Reutzel-Edens Susan M.
Published: November 2018

Because of excessive electron delocalization, the polymorphs of ROY constitute a surprisingly challenging system for crystal structure prediction.
Microscopic origin of pressure-induced phase-transitions in urea: a detailed investigation through first principles calculations
Authors: Moses Abraham B. , Adivaiah B. , Vaitheeswaran G.
Published: November 2018

Pressure induced phase transitions of urea are identified. The violation of Born stability criteria in theP212121structure along with acoustic mode softening in theU–Rdirection are responsible forP212121→P21212.
The shielding effect of metal complexes on the binding affinities of ligands to metalloproteins
Authors: Chen Deliang , Li Yibao , Guo Wei , Li Yongdong , Savidge Tor , Li Xun , Fan Xiaolin
Published: November 2018

The contributions of metal–ligand interactions to the ligand binding affinities are largely reduced by the shielding effects of metal complexes.
Softening gold for elastronics
Authors: Zhu Bowen , Gong Shu , Cheng Wenlong
Published: November 2018

This review covers the latest research progress of “softening” gold materials for various applications in elastronics.
Nanopore enriched hollow carbon nitride nanospheres with extremely high visible-light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of aqueous contaminants of emerging concern
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Hu An , Wang Xinyue , Meng Jiaqi , Guo Yihang , Huo Mingxin , Zhu Suiyi
Published: November 2018

Nanopore enriched hollow carbon nitride nanospheres exhibit extremely high visible-light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of aqueous contaminants of emerging concern.
Factors influencing the photoelectrochemical device performance sensitized by ruthenium polypyridyl dyes
Authors: Purnama Indra , Salmahaminati Salmahaminati , Abe Minori , Hada Masahiko , Kubo Yuji , Mulyana Jacob Yan
Published: November 2018

The subtle variation in the alkyl substituents of the ruthenium photosensitizers controls the photo-electrochemical performance of the dye-only DSPECs (do-DSPECs) and those with sacrificial agent (sa-DSPECs).
Emerging investigator series: radium accumulation in carbonate river sediments at oil and gas produced water discharges: implications for beneficial use as disposal management
Authors: McDevitt Bonnie , McLaughlin Molly , Cravotta Charles A. , Ajemigbitse Moses A. , Van Sice Katherine J. , Blotevogel Jens , Borch Thomas , Warner Nathaniel R.
Published: November 2018

In the western U.S., produced water from oil and gas wells discharged to surface water augments downstream supplies used for irrigation and livestock watering.
A fully automated total metals and chromium speciation single platform introduction system for ICP-MS
Authors: Quarles C. Derrick , Szoltysik Michael , Sullivan Patrick , Reijnen Maurice
Published: November 2018

A fully automated total metals and chromium speciation method for ICP-MS.
Determination of trace elements in undiluted wine samples using an automatized total sample consumption system coupled to ICP-MS
Authors: Cerutti Claudia , Sánchez Carlos , Sánchez Raquel , Ardini Francisco , Grotti Marco , Todolí José-Luis
Published: November 2018

A novel method for the elemental analysis of undiluted wine samples was optimized and validated.
Germagraphene as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries predicted from first-principles calculations
Authors: Hu Junping , Ouyang Chuying , Yang Shengyuan A. , Yang Hui Ying
Published: November 2018

We predict that germanium doping can help to turn graphene into an ideal LIB anode material with an extremely high capacity.
Porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers assembled with nickel nanoparticles for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Qi , Guo Jiangna , Zhao Jun , Wang Cancan , Yan Feng
Published: November 2018

Porous carbon nanofibers assembled with a nickel nanoparticle (Ni/PCNFO) cathode exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance in Li–S batteries.
Aldehydes can switch the chemoselectivity of electrophiles in protein labeling
Authors: Adusumalli Srinivasa Rao , Rawale Dattatraya Gautam , Rai Vishal
Published: November 2018

The derivatization of an electrophile can switch its chemoselectivity. The aldehyde-conjugated epoxide and sulfonate ester provide the proof of principle and deliver N-terminus tagged proteins.
Efficient ammonia synthesis over a core–shell Ru/CeO2catalyst with a tunable CeO2size: DFT calculations and XAS spectroscopy studies
Authors: Wang Xiuyun , Peng Xuanbei , Zhang Yongfan , Ni Jun , Au Chak-tong , Jiang Lilong
Published: November 2018

In the present work, Ru@CeO2catalysts similar in their core–shell morphology but different in nanoparticle sizes (95, 150 and 225 nm) were obtained by varying the hydrothermal time for the preparation of colloidal carbon spheres to be used as templates.
Synthesis of azulenophthalimides by phosphine-mediated annulation of 1,2-diformylazulenes with maleimides
Authors: Shoji Taku , Araki Takanori , Iida Nanami , Miura Kota , Ohta Akira , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo
Published: November 2018

The reaction of 1,2-diformylazulene with maleimides in the presence of PPh3 gave the azulenophthalimides. The optical and electrochemical properties of the azulenophthalimides were investigated.
Effect of different forms of N fertilizers on the hyperaccumulatorSolanum nigrumL. and maize in intercropping mode under Cd stress
Authors: Huo Wenmin , Zou Rong , Wang Li , Guo Wei , Zhang Dujun , Fan Hongli
Published: November 2018

In the present study, we investigated the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the hyperaccumulatorSolanum nigrumL. and maize in intercropping mode under cadmium (Cd) stress and explored the physiological response mechanism.
Improving the inhibitory effect of CXCR4 peptide antagonist in tumor metastasis with an acetylated PAMAM dendrimer
Authors: Liu Changliang , Duan Hongyang , Zhao Zijian , Li Wenzhe , Ma Lilusi , Fang Xiaocui , Wang Chen , Yang Yanlian
Published: November 2018

The metastasis of breast cancer is one of the main factors resulting in the high fatality of patients.
Selective synthesis of E-vinylsilanes and E,E-divinylsilanes via platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkynes with secondary silanes
Authors: Żak P. , Bołt M. , Pietraszuk C.
Published: November 2018

A platinum(0) complex bearing a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligand enables selective formation of β-E-isomers of mono- and dialkenylsubstituted silanes.
Highly stereoselective spirocyclopropanation of various diazooxindoles with olefins catalyzed using Ru(ii)-complex
Authors: Tone Masaya , Nakagawa Yoko , Chanthamath Soda , Fujisawa Ikuhide , Nakayama Naofumi , Goto Hitoshi , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Iwasa Seiji
Published: November 2018

Optically active spirocyclopropyloxindole derivatives were efficiently synthesized from diazooxindoles and olefins in the presence of a Ru(ii)-Pheox catalyst.
Integrating reactive distillation with continuous flow processing
Authors: Baumann Marcus
Published: November 2018

A continuous flow platform has been developed that integrates reactive distillation with modern flow reactor technology.
Ultra-robust carbon fibers for multi-media purification via solar-evaporation
Authors: Li Tiantian , Fang Qile , Xi Xianfeng , Chen Yousi , Liu Fu
Published: November 2018

Ultra-robust carbon fibers are fabricated for purification of multi-media, including oil-in-water emulsion, dyed organic solvent and seawater via solar-thermal evaporation.
Recent progress in visible light photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide
Authors: Wang Chunling , Sun Zhuxing , Zheng Ying , Hu Yun Hang
Published: November 2018

Recent progress in visible light photocatalytic CO2conversion with H2O, H2or CH4was deeply evaluated with emphasis on the development of catalysts.
A bioinspired hybrid membrane with wettability and topology anisotropy for highly efficient fog collection
Authors: Hu Rongjun , Wang Nü , Hou Lanlan , Cui Zhimin , Liu Jingchong , Li Dianming , Li Qingzhong , Zhang Hailong , Zhao Yong
Published: November 2018

A hybrid membrane with asymmetric microtopology and anisotropic wettability realizes highly efficient fog collection.
Development of a cascade isothermal amplification approach for the sensitive detection of DNA methyltransferase
Authors: Zhang Huige , Wang Li-juan , Wang Lili , Chen Hongli , Chen Xingguo , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: November 2018

We develop a cascade isothermal amplification approach for the sensitive detection of DNA methyltransferase.
Retracted Article: Development of functional hydrogels for heart failure
Authors: Han Yanxin , Yang Wenbo , Cui Wenguo , Yang Ke , Wang Xiaoqun , Chen Yanjia , Deng Lianfu , Zhao Yuanjin , Jin Wei
Published: November 2018

Hydrogel-based approaches were reviewed for cardiac tissue engineering and myocardial regeneration in ischemia-induced heart failure, with an emphasis on functional studies, translational status, and clinical advancements.
Structure optimization of dendritic lipopeptide based gene vectors with the assistance from molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Liang Hong , Hu Ao , Chen Xiaobing , Jin Rongrong , Wang Kefeng , Ke Bowen , Nie Yu
Published: November 2018

Experiments combined with molecular dynamic simulation to carry out a structure–function relationship study for different generations of dendritic lipopeptides as gene vectors, containing arginine-enriched hydrophilic peripheries and dioleoyl-l-lysinate hydrophobic tails.
Superior discharge energy density and efficiency in polymer nanocomposites induced by linear dielectric core–shell nanofibers
Authors: Pan Zhongbin , Yao Lingmin , Liu Jinjun , Liu Xiaoyan , Pi Feipeng , Chen Jianwen , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei
Published: November 2018

Novel SrTiO3@Al2O3/PVDF composite film capacitors have remarkably large discharge energy density (15.3 J cm−3) along with high discharge efficiency (68.52%) and ultrafast discharge speed (127 ns).
Synthesis, optical properties and application of Y7O6F9:Er3+ for sensing the chip temperature of a light emitting diode
Authors: Wang Deyin , Zhang Pengpeng , Ma Qiang , Zhang Jiachi , Wang Yuhua
Published: November 2018

Submicron sized Y7O6F9:Er3+ was synthesized via a co-precipitation method and used to determine the chip temperature of a 1 W n-UV LED.
Channel estimation for massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output system based on different measurement matrices
Authors: Ma Ruijin , Zhang Huisheng
Published: November 2018

This study proposes a construction method of deterministic measurement matrix based on a correlation criterion. On this basis, the authors investigated the massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) channel estimation algorithm using the complementary sequence as measurement matrix and obtained the compressed sensing (CS) signal model through the analysis on traditional massive MIMO channels. In this model, the measurement matrix plays the role of the pilot sequence in the traditional models. Then, the complementary sequence was determined as the measurement matrix for channel estimation. Meanwhile, the regularised orthogonal matching pursuit (ROMP), which realises accurate signal recovery through reselection of support set, was employed. Finally, the CS‐based channel estimation model was analysed, and the channel estimation results of different measurement matrices were compared through simulations. The results show that the complementary sequence outperforms the other two sequences when serving as a measurement matrix; the ROMP‐based channel estimation surpassed the orthogonal matching pursuit and matching pursuit algorithms in both computing accuracy and runtime.
Reduced complexity and near optimum detector for linear‐frequency‐modulated and phase‐modulated LPI radar signals
Authors: Dezfuli Ali Abbasi , Shokouhmand Arash , Oveis Amir Hosein , Norouzi Yaser
Published: November 2018

Dealing with low probability of intercept (LPI) radar signals in very low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) stages requires reconnaissance systems to employ an effectively practical method for detecting and fully characterising the received signals. Following the aim of LPI signal detection, in this study, a novel method based on concentrating the energy of the signal in one particular row of the time–frequency domain matrix is proposed. It is shown that the proposed method enables to detect and estimate the parameters of multiple low‐power linear‐frequency‐modulated signals. A comparison has been made between the performance of the matched filter and the proposed method, and it is shown the proposed method has approximately the same performance and low computational complexity as matched filters. This method is also able to detect the poly‐phase signals such as Frank‐coded signals and also non‐linear‐frequency‐modulated signals, as well. To show the effectiveness of the method, extensive simulations are carried out with different LPI radar waveforms corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise of SNR down to −25 dB.
Analysis and research on the fault‐tolerant performance of the high‐frequency isolated energy conversion link for an integrated distribution transformer system
Authors: Wang Qingshan , Liang Deliang , Liu Yibin , Chen Qixu , Zhang Mingkang
Published: November 2018

In order to enhance the stability of the integrated distribution transformer system (IDTS), a fault‐tolerant topology of the high‐frequency (HF) isolated energy conversion link which features a multi‐winding HF transformer and two multi‐arm converters are proposed in this paper. The operation process of the HF‐isolated energy conversion link with an open‐circuit fault in the power electronic switching devices is analysed in detail, and the fault characteristics are researched. Through modifying the operation modes of the proposed topology, the damaged part of the circuit can be replaced with the redundant transformer windings and bridge arms, maintaining the continuous operation of the IDTS. The theoretical analyses are verified by the simulated operation waveforms.
Research on temperature rise of high current switchgear in distribution system
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Cai Suxiong , Peng Zhaowei , Yu Zhanqing , Gao Shisen , Huang Zerong , Guan Yonggang , Xia Haotian , Zeng Rong
Published: November 2018

With the increase of the load of the switchgear, the overheating of the switchgear is more and more serious. In this article, the authors give the primary heat sources in the electrical equipment. According to these sources, they explore the reason of why the switchgear can be overheated during operation. Then, they build a 3D model in the Comsol & Multiphysics® and analyse the temperature state of the switchgear from the simulation. They also carry out temperature test on KYN28 switchgear to summarise the laws of the temperature change of the switchgear. Finally, they propose a brief method to monitor the temperature and realise the function of temperature warning to avoid accidents caused by overheating.
Research on position inverse solution of electric‐driven Stewart platform based on Simulink
Authors: Jia Guangzheng , Pan Guangxu , Gao Qian , Zhang Yida
Published: November 2018

The structural characteristics and modes of the Stewart platform driven by electric cylinders are briefly introduced. Based on Simulink, the modelling method of the platform is analysed. To obtain the coordinate transformation of Stewart platform, the rotation matrix and homogeneous transformation are resolved, and the mathematical model of the electric‐driven Stewart platform is established related to the structural characteristics. The simulation model of input and output signals is constructed by using graphical user interface (GUI) module provided by Simulink. The motion simulation curves of six electric actuators under different position and posture are obtained, which gives benefit to understand and control the different motion states of the electric‐driven Stewart platform.
Characterising the high-mass star forming filament G351.776–0.527 with Herschel and APEX dust continuum and gas observations
Authors: Leurini S. , Schisano E. , Pillai T. , Giannetti A. , Urquhart J. , Csengeri T. , Casu S. , Cunningham M. , Elia D. , Jones P. A. , König C. , Molinari S. , Stanke T. , Testi L. , Wyrowski F. , Menten K. M.
Published: November 2018

G351.776-0.527 is among the most massive, closest, and youngest filaments in the inner Galactic plane and therefore it is an ideal laboratory to study the kinematics of dense gas and mass replenishment on a large scale. In this paper, we present far-infrared and submillimetre wavelength continuum observations combined with spectroscopic C18O (2–1) data of the entire region to study its temperature, mass distribution, and kinematics. The structure is composed of a main elongated region with an aspect ratio of ~23, which is associated with a network of filamentary structures. The main filament has a remarkably constant width of 0.2 pc. The total mass of the network (including the main filament) is ≥2600M⊙, while we estimate a mass of ~2000M⊙ for the main structure. Therefore, the network harbours a large reservoir of gas and dust that could still be accreted onto the main structure. From the analysis of the gas kinematics, we detect two velocity components in the northern part of the main filament. The data also reveal velocity oscillations in C18O along the spine in the main filament and in at least one of the branches. Considering the region as a single structure, we find that it is globally close to virial equilibrium indicating that the entire structure is approximately in a stable state.