bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of sandwich panels in a fire
Authors: Chelekova Eugenia
Published: March 2018

For the last decades there emerged a vast number of buildings and structures erected with the use of sandwich panels. The field of application for this construction material is manifold, especially in the construction of fire and explosion hazardous buildings. In advanced evacu-ation time calculation methods the coefficient of heat losses is defined with dire regard to fire load features, but without account to thermal and physical characteristics of building envelopes, or, to be exact, it is defined for brick and concrete walls with gross heat capacity. That is why the application of the heat loss coefficient expression obtained for buildings of sandwich panels is impossible because of different heat capacity of these panels from the heat capacities of brick and concrete building envelopes. The article conducts an analysis and calculation of the heal loss coefficient for buildings and structures of three layer sandwich panels as building envelopes.
Aggregative stability of fungicidal nanomodifier based on zinc hydrosilicates
Authors: Grishina Anna , Korolev Evgeniy
Published: March 2018

Currently, there is a strong need of high performance multi functional materials in high-rise construction. Obviously, such materials should be characterized by high strength; but for interior rooms biosafety is important as well. The promising direction to obtain both high strength and maintain biosafety in buildings and structures is to manage the structure of mineral binders by means of fungicidal nanomodifier based on zinc hydrosilicates. In the present work the aggregative stability of colloidal solutions of zinc hydrosilicates after one year of storage was studied. It has been established that the concentration of iron (III) hydroxide used to prepare the precursor of zinc hydrosilicates has a significant effect on the long-term aggregative stability: as the concentration of iron (III) hydroxide increases, the resistance of the fungicidal nanomodifier increases. It was found that, despite the minimal concentration of nano-sized zinc hydrosilicates (0.028%), the colloidal solution possesses a low long-term aggregative stability; while in the initial period (not less than 14 days) the colloidal solution of the nanomodifier is aggregatively stable. It is shown that when the ratio in the colloidal solution of the amount of the substance CH3COOH / SiO2= 0.43 is reached, an increase in the polymerization rate is observed, which is the main cause of low aggregative stability. Colloidal solutions containing zinc hydrosilicates synthesized at a concentration of iron (III) hydroxide used to produce a precursor equal to 0.7% have a long-term aggregative stability and do not significantly change the reduced particle. Such compositions are to be expediently used for the nanomodifying of building composites in order to control their structure formation and to create conditions that impede the development of various mycelial fungi.
Resistance to the destruction of concrete in constructions of height buildings at dynamic loads
Authors: Berlinov Mikhail , Berlinova Marina , Tvorogov Alexandr
Published: March 2018

The analysis of the criterion of strength of concrete in structures of high-rise buildings under vibration and shock impacts is presented. The idea of an energy approach to ensuring the strength of concrete and the durability of building structures from reinforced concrete under the influence of shock impacts on the life of such structures is presented in a high-rise construction. A method for determining the strength and durability of concrete in load-bearing building structures made of reinforced concrete for irreversible thermodynamic processes has been developed. Dependences that determine the behavior of concrete in reinforced concrete structures of high stores on the load-bearing structures of a building under the influence of damped oscillations from the operation of air transport on the landing site are determined, taking into account the impact arising from its landing.
The method of selecting an integrated development territory for the high-rise unique constructions
Authors: Sheina Svetlana , Shevtsova Elina , Sukhinin Alexander , Priss Elena
Published: March 2018

On the basis of data provided by the Department of architecture and urban planning of the city of Rostov-on-don, the problem of the choice of the territory for complex development that will be in priority for the construction of high-rise and unique buildings is solved. The objective of the study was the development of a methodology for selection of the area and the implementation of the proposed method on the example of evaluation of four-territories complex development. The developed method along with standard indicators of complex evaluation considers additional indicators that assess the territory from the position of high-rise unique building. The final result of the study is the rankings of the functional priority areas that takes into account the construction of both residential and public and business objects of unique high-rise construction. The use of the developed methodology will allow investors and customers to assess the investment attractiveness of the future unique construction project on the proposed site.
The use of nanomodified concrete in construction of high-rise buildings
Authors: Prokhorov Sergei
Published: March 2018

Construction is one of the leading economy sectors. Currently, concrete is the basis of most of the structural elements, without which it is impossible to imagine the construction of a single building or facility. Their strength, reinforcement and the period of concrete lifetime are determined at the design stage, taking into account long-term operation. However, in real life, the number of impacts that affects the structural strength is pretty high. In some cases, they are random and do not have standardized values. This is especially true in the construction and exploitation of high-rise buildings and structures. Unlike the multi-storey buildings, they experience significant loads already at the stage of erection, as they support load-lifting mechanisms, formwork systems, workers, etc. The purpose of the presented article is to develop a methodology for estimating the internal fatigue of concrete structures based on changes in their electrical conductivity.
Bending of an Infinite beam on a base with two parameters in the absence of a part of the base
Authors: Aleksandrovskiy Maxim , Zaharova Lidiya
Published: March 2018

Currently, in connection with the rapid development of high-rise construction and the improvement of joint operation of high-rise structures and bases models, the questions connected with the use of various calculation methods become topical. The rigor of analytical methods is capable of more detailed and accurate characterization of the structures behavior, which will affect the reliability of objects and can lead to a reduction in their cost. In the article, a model with two parameters is used as a computational model of the base that can effectively take into account the distributive properties of the base by varying the coefficient reflecting the shift parameter. The paper constructs the effective analytical solution of the problem of a beam of infinite length interacting with a two-parameter voided base. Using the Fourier integral equations, the original differential equation is reduced to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind with a degenerate kernel, and all the integrals are solved analytically and explicitly, which leads to an increase in the accuracy of the computations in comparison with the approximate methods. The paper consider the solution of the problem of a beam loaded with a concentrated force applied at the point of origin with a fixed value of the length of the dip section. The paper gives the analysis of the obtained results values for various parameters of coefficient taking into account cohesion of the ground.
Normative and economic foundations of high-rise construction in the city of Samara
Authors: Didkovskaya Olga V. , Bocharov Aleksey Y. , Ilyina Marina V. , Mamaeva Olga A.
Published: March 2018

Every year the number of free land plots for construction of buildings is steadily decreasing in cities. In this regard, the participants in the investment and construction process are increasingly seeking to maximize the use of land. A logical way for this is to use high-rise construction. However, until recently, builders encountered serious obstacles in the form of lack of special norms and rules for the design of high-rise buildings. It led to the need for individual coordination of each high-rise facility, the development and approval of special technical conditions, the passage of numerous administrative approvals. Thus, investment activity regarding the construction of high-rise buildings in the Russian Federation is reduced. In 2016, there were regulatory changes that substantially alleviated these difficulties. In this article, the authors analyze the features of the town-planning normative-legal field of high-rise construction and its development, track the interrelations between the regulatory regulation of the construction of similar facilities, with the real need, the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of their construction in the urban district of Samara. Conclusions and suggestions are also based on the analysis of the norms of urban zoning, the residential real estate market and the value of land plots.
Methodology of project management at implementation of projects of high-rise construction
Authors: Papelniuk Oksana
Published: March 2018

High-rise construction is the perspective direction in urban development. An opportunity to arrange on rather small land plot a huge number of the living and commercial space makes high-rise construction very attractive for developers. However investment projects of high-rise buildings’ construction are very expensive and complex that sets a task of effective management of such projects for the company builder. The best tool in this area today is the methodology of project management, which becomes a key factor of efficiency.
Installation of ventilated facades without scaffolding in high-rise buildings
Authors: Gnedina Lyubov , Muchkina Arina , Labutin Alexander
Published: March 2018

This article consider the use of polystyrene concrete blocks during assembling enclosing structure of ventilated facades in high-rise monolithic housing construction. Comparing with traditional technology devices hinged ventilated facade the main advantage of the proposed design is an exception of using scaffold, that leads to a cheapening of the enclosing structure. Proposed solutions are confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.
Student satisfaction as an element of education quality monitoring in innovative higher education institution
Authors: Razinkina Elena , Pankova Ludmila , Trostinskaya Irina , Pozdeeva Elena , Evseeva Lidiya , Tanova Anna
Published: March 2018

Topicality of the research is confirmed by increasing student involvement into the educational process, when not only the academic staff and administration participate in the improvement of higher education institution’s activity, but also education customers – students. This adds a new dimension to the issue of monitoring education quality and student satisfaction with higher education. This issue echoes the ideas of M. Weber about the relationship between such components as cognitive motivation, personal development and student satisfaction with higher education. Besides, it is essential to focus on the approach of R. Barnet to defining the quality of education with the emphasis on a priority of development of an educational institution as the system that meets customers’ needs. Monitoring student satisfaction with education quality has become an integral part of the educational process not only in a number of European universities, which have used this monitoring for decades, but also in Russian universities, which are interested in education quality improvement. Leading universities in Russia, including Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, are implementing policies targeted at increasing student satisfaction with higher education quality. Education quality monitoring as a key element in the system of providing feedback to students contributes greatly to this process.
4D modeling in high-rise construction
Authors: Balakina Anastasiya , Simankina Tatyana , Lukinov Vitaly
Published: March 2018

High-rise construction is a complex construction process, requiring the use of more perfected and sophisticated tools for design, planning and construction management. The use of BIM-technologies allows minimizing the risks associated with design errors and errors that occur during construction. This article discusses a visual planning method using the 4D model, which allows the project team to create an accurate and complete construction plan, which is much more difficult to achieve with the help of traditional planning methods. The use of the 4D model in the construction of a 70-story building allowed to detect spatial and temporal errors before the start of construction work. In addition to identifying design errors, 4D modeling has allowed to optimize the construction, as follows: to optimize the operation of cranes, the placement of building structures and materials at various stages of construction, to optimize the organization of work performance, as well as to monitor the activities related to the preparation of the construction site for compliance with labor protection and safety requirements, which resulted in saving money and time.
Organizational-economic model of formation of socio-commercial multifunctional complex in the construction of high-rise buildings
Authors: Kirillova Ariadna , Prytkova Oksana O.
Published: March 2018

The article is devoted to the features of the formation of the organizational and economic model of the construction of a socio-commercial multifunctional complex for high-rise construction. Authors have given examples of high-altitude multifunctional complexes in Moscow, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages in the implementation of multifunctional complexes, stressed the need for a holistic strategic approach, allowing to take into account the prospects for the development of the city and the creation of a comfortable living environment. Based on the analysis of multifunctional complexes features, a matrix of SWOT analysis was compiled. For the development of cities and improving the quality of life of the population, it is proposed to implement a new type of multifunctional complexes of a joint social and commercial direction, including, along with the implementation of office areas - schools, polyclinics, various sports facilities and cultural and leisure centers (theatrical, dance, studio, etc.). The approach proposed in the article for developing the model is based on a comparative evaluation of the multifunctional complex project of a social and commercial direction implemented at the expense of public-private partnership in the form of a concession agreement and a commercial multifunctional complex being built at the expense of the investor. It has been proved by calculations that the obtained indicators satisfy the conditions of expediency of the proposed organizational-economic model and the project of the social and commercial multifunctional complex is effective.
Economic justification of costs at inspection of industrial safety of high-rise marine structures
Authors: Garibin Pavel , Ol’khovik Evgeniy , Rastorguev Igor
Published: March 2018

The task of technical and economic regulation within mutual international recognition of testing laboratories are considered. Codes and procedures within requirements of international ISO/IEC standards of a series 17000 for elimination of non-tariff barriers and interlaboratory exchange of experts in the field of high-rise marine construction are considered. In paper, the methods of assessment of formation of economically justified cost of works at inspection and monitoring of technical condition of high-rise marine wharf engineering port structure based on settlement and actual labor input were applied. For the countries of EU, data on the average cost of works of testing laboratory within a week have been taken as a basis. Such approach will be objective as considers only expenses on obligatory actions in the course of inspection of technical condition of port engineering constructions. The analysis of public results of financial activities of the accredited organizations allowed to calculate the main indicators of the size of necessary profit and overheads at observance of all requirements imposed to test laboratories including taking into account their future technical development. The offered practice corresponds to the general direction by mutual international recognition of independent testing laboratories and can be use in the future.
Peculiarities of solving the problems of modern logistics in high-rise construction and industrial production
Authors: Rubtsov Anatoliy E. , Ushakova Elena V. , Chirkova Tamara V.
Published: March 2018

Basing on the analysis of the enterprise (construction organization) structure and infrastructure of the entire logistics system in which this enterprise (construction organization) operates, this article proposes an approach to solve the problems of structural optimization and a set of calculation tasks, based on customer orders as well as on the required levels of insurance stocks, transit stocks and other types of stocks in the distribution network, modes of operation of the in-company transport and storage complex and a number of other factors.
Studying fission neutrons with 2E-2v and 2E
Authors: Al-Adili Ali , Jansson Kaj , Tarrío Diego , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Göök Alf , Oberstedt Stephan , Olivier Frégeau Marc , Gustavsson Cecilia , Lantz Mattias , Mattera Andrea , Prokofiev Alexander V. , Rakopoulos Vasileios , Solders Andreas , Vidali Marzio , Österlund Michael , Pomp Stephan
Published: March 2018

This work aims at measuring prompt-fission neutrons at different excitation energies of the nucleus. Two independent techniques, the 2E-2v and the 2E techniques, are used to map the characteristics of the mass-dependent prompt fission neutron multiplicity, v(A), when the excitation energy is increased.

The VERDI 2E-2v spectrometer is being developed at JRC-GEEL. The Fission Fragment (FF) energies are measured using two arrays of 16 silicon (Si) detectors each. The FFs velocities are obtained by time-of-flight, measured between micro-channel plates (MCP) and Si detectors. With MCPs placed on both sides of the fission source, VERDI allows for independent timing measurements for both fragments. 252Cf(sf) was measured and the present results revealed particular features of the 2E-2v technique. Dedicated simulations were also performed using the GEF code to study important aspects of the 2E-2v technique. Our simulations show that prompt neutron emission has a non-negligible impact on the deduced fragment data and affects also the shape of v(A). Geometrical constraints lead to a total-kinetic energy-dependent detection efficiency.

The 2E technique utilizes an ionization chamber together with two liquid scintillator detectors. Two measurements have been performed, one of 252Cf(sf) and another one of thermal-neutron induced fission in 235U(n,f). Results from 252Cf(sf) are reported here.
Influence of primary fragment excitation energy and spin distributions on fission observables
Authors: Litaize Olivier , Thulliez Loïc , Serot Olivier , Chebboubi Abdelaziz , Tamagno Pierre
Published: March 2018

Fission observables in the case of 252Cf(sf) are investigated by exploring several models involved in the excitation energy sharing and spin-parity assignment between primary fission fragments. In a first step the parameters used in the FIFRELIN Monte Carlo code “reference route" are presented: two parameters for the mass dependent temperature ratio law and two constant spin cut-off parameters for light and heavy fragment groups respectively. These parameters determine the initial fragment entry zone in excitation energy and spin-parity (E*, Jπ). They are chosen to reproduce the light and heavy average prompt neutron multiplicities. When these target observables are achieved all other fission observables can be predicted. We show here the influence of input parameters on the saw-tooth curve and we discuss the influence of a mass and energy-dependent spin cut-off model on gamma-rays related fission observables. The part of the model involving level densities, neutron transmission coefficients or photon strength functions remains unchanged.
Fission fragment mass and total kinetic energy distributions of spontaneously fissioning plutonium isotopes
Authors: Pomorski K. , Nerlo-Pomorska B. , Bartel J. , Schmitt C.
Published: March 2018

The fission-fragment mass and total kinetic energy (TKE) distributions are evaluated in a quantum mechanical framework using elongation, mass asymmetry, neck degree of freedom as the relevant collective parameters in the Fourier shape parametrization recently developed by us. The potential energy surfaces (PES) are calculated within the macroscopic-microscopic model based on the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop (LSD), the Yukawa-folded (YF) single-particle potential and a monopole pairing force. The PES are presented and analysed in detail for even-even Plutonium isotopes with A = 236–246. They reveal deep asymmetric valleys. The fission-fragment mass and TKE distributions are obtained from the ground state of a collective Hamiltonian computed within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, in the WKB approach by introducing a neck-dependent fission probability. The calculated mass and total kinetic energy distributions are found in good agreement with the data.
Measurement of fission yields and isomeric yield ratios at IGISOL
Authors: Pomp Stephan , Mattera Andrea , Rakopoulos Vasileios , Al-Adili Ali , Lantz Mattias , Solders Andreas , Jansson Kaj , Prokofiev Alexander V. , Eronen Tommi , Gorelov Dimitri , Jokinen Ari , Kankainen Anu , Moore Iain D. , Penttilä Heikki , Rinta-Antila Sami
Published: March 2018

Data on fission yields and isomeric yield ratios (IYR) are tools to study the fission process, in particular the generation of angular momentum. We use the IGISOL facility with the Penning trap JYFLTRAP in Jyväskylä, Finland, for such measurements on 232Th and natU targets. Previously published fission yield data from IGISOL concern the 232Th(p,f) and 238U(p,f) reactions at 25 and 50 MeV. Recently, a neutron source, using the Be(p,n) reaction, has been developed, installed and tested. We summarize the results for (p,f) focusing on the first measurement of IYR by direct ion counting. We also present first results for IYR and relative yields for Sn and Sb isotopes in the 128-133 mass range from natU(n,f) based on γ-spectrometry. We find a staggering behaviour in the cumulative yields for Sn and a shift in the independent fission yields for Sb as compared to current evaluations. Plans for the future experimental program on fission yields and IYR measurements are discussed.
Fourier transform of single particle wave functions in extremely deformed nuclei: Towards the momentum distribution of scission neutrons
Authors: Rizea M. , Carjan N.
Published: March 2018

The Fourier transform of single particle wave functions in cylindrical coordinates is applied to the study of neutrons released during scission. We propagate the neutron wave packets in time through the bi-dimensional time dependent Schrödinger equation with time dependent potential. We separate the parts of these wave packets that are in the continuum and calculate their Fourier transforms at different times: immediately after scission (T = 1×10-22 s) and at several intervals afterwards (until T = 50×10-22 s). The momentum distributions corresponding to these Fourier transforms are then estimated. The evolution of these distributions in time provides an insight into the separation of the neutron from the fissioning system and asymptotically gives the kinetic energy spectrum of that particular neutron.
Fission fragment yields and total kinetic energy release in neutron-induced fission of235,238U,and239Pu
Authors: Tovesson F. , Duke D. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Manning B. , Mayorov D. , Mosby S. , Schmitt K.
Published: March 2018

Different aspects of the nuclear fission process have been studied at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) using various instruments and experimental techniques. Properties of the fragments emitted in fission have been investigated using Frisch-grid ionization chambers, a Time Projection Chamber (TPC), and the SPIDER instrument which employs the 2v-2E method. These instruments and experimental techniques have been used to determine fission product mass yields, the energy dependent total kinetic energy (TKE) release, and anisotropy in neutron-induced fission of U-235, U-238 and Pu-239.
Studies of fission fragment yields via high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Wilson J.N. , Lebois M. , Qi L. , Amador-Celdran P , Bleuel D. , Briz J.A. , Carroll R. , Catford W. , Witte H. De , Doherty D.T. , Eloirdi R. , Georgiev G. , Gottardo A. , Goasduff A. , Hadyñska-Klek K. , Hauschild K. , Hess H. , Ingeberg V. , Konstantinopoulos T. , Ljungvall J. , Lopez-Martens A. , Lorusso G. , Lozeva R. , Lutter R. , Marini P. , Matea I. , Materna T. , Mathieu L. , Oberstedt A. , Oberstedt S. , Panebianco S. , Podolyak Zs. , Porta A. , Regan P.H. , Reiter P. , Rezynkina K. , Rose S.J. , Sahin E. , Seidlitz M. , Serot O. , Shearman R. , Siebeck B. , Siem S. , Smith A.G. , Tveten G.M. , Verney D. , Warr N. , Zeiser F. , Zielinska M.
Published: March 2018

Precise spectroscopic information on the fast neutron induced fission of the 238U(n,f) reaction was recently gained using a new technique which involved coupling of the Miniball high resolution y-ray spectrometer and the LICORNE directional neutron source. The experiment allowed measurement of the isotopic fission yields for around 40 even-even nuclei at an incident neutron energy of around 2 MeV where yield data are very sparse. In addition spectroscopic information on very neutron-rich fission products was obtained. Results were compared to models, both the JEFF-3.1.1 data base and the GEF code, and large discrepancies for the S1 fission mode in the Sn/Mo isotope pair were discovered. This suggests that current models are overestimating the role played by spherical shell effects in fast neutron induced fission. In late 2017 and 2018 the nu-ball hybrid spectrometer will be constructed at the IPN Orsay to perform further experimental investigations with directional neutrons coupled to a powerful hybrid Ge/LaBr3 detector array. This will open up new possibilities for measurements of fission yields for fast-neutron-induced fission using the spectroscopic technique and will be complimentary to other methods being developed.
The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Non-Hepatic Applications: Update 2017 (Long Version)
Authors: Sidhu Paul , Cantisani Vito , Dietrich Christoph , Gilja Odd , Saftoiu Adrian , Bartels Eva , Bertolotto Michele , Calliada Fabrizio , Clevert Dirk-André , Cosgrove David , Deganello Annamaria , D’Onofrio Mirko , Drudi Francesco , Freeman Simon , Harvey Christopher , Jenssen Christian , Jung Ernst-Michael , Klauser Andrea , Lassau Nathalie , Meloni Maria , Leen Edward , Nicolau Carlos , Nolsoe Christian , Piscaglia Fabio , Prada Francesco , Prosch Helmut , Radzina Maija , Savelli Luca , Weskott Hans-Peter , Wijkstra Hessel
Published: March 2018

The updated version of the EFSUMB guidelines on the application of non-hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) deals with the use of microbubble ultrasound contrast outside the liver in the many established and emerging applications.
Acute Stent Migration into the Right Ventricle in a Patient with Iliac Vein Stenting
Authors: Holst Torulv , Großwendt Thorsten , Laham Majd , Roosta-Azad Mehdy , Zandi Afsaneh , Kamler Markus
Published: March 2018

Endovascular stent placement for chronic postthrombotic iliofemoral venous obstructive lesions is an effective therapeutic option and might be complicated by stent migration. We report a case of a venous stent that was lost from the iliac vein into the right ventricle rescued by emergent open-heart surgery.
Perioperative Complications of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Procedures in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Ure Benno , Dingemann Jens , Zoeller Christoph
Published: March 2018

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has gained broad acceptance among pediatric surgeons. Today, VATS can be regarded as a routine approach for various conditions in neonates and infants. However, there is a lack of information concerning the complications of thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery in neonates and infants. We aimed to review the available data. A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed. All publications reporting on VATS for pulmonary procedures in neonates and infants up to the age of 1 year were included. Articles were reviewed in detail for occurrence of perioperative complications and their treatment. Nine case series were eligible for analysis. Entities treated included lung sequestration, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, congenital lobar emphysema, and bronchogenic cyst. Case series reported on a total number of 135 patients. Complications occurred in 14 patients (10.4%). The major complication was an accidental transection of the middle lobar bronchus that concluded in a later resection of a prior unaffected lung lobe. Other relevant complications reported were bleeding in four patients (3.0%) and persistent air leak in four cases (3.0%). Infectious complications were reported in four patients (3.0%). Additionally, iatrogenic phrenic nerve paralysis occurred in one patient. There were no deaths related to the VATS technique. In 11 cases (8.1%), conversion to thoracotomy had been necessary. General recommendations on the treatment of complications could not be derived due to small patient numbers and lack of details of the complications reported. Reports on major complications of pulmonary VATS in neonates and infants below 1 year of age are scarce. As severe complications such as accidental bronchus transection have been described, feasibility of neonatal/infant VATS cannot be unequivocally confirmed. No literature-based recommendation can be given on the treatment of complications.
Perioperatives Management des traumatisierten „Rheumatikers“ – Medikation
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Maxeiner Hagen , Rupp Markus , Heiß Christian
Published: March 2018

Die Versorgung traumatisierter Patienten hat durch Standardisierung zu einer Verbesserung im Outcome dieser Menschen geführt. Dennoch gibt es Personengruppen, die als Hochrisiko-Patienten bei Verletzungen und deren Therapie gelten. Patienten mit Erkrankungen aus dem rheumatischen Formenkreis müssen dazu gezählt werden. Mögliche krankheitsbedingte Instabilitäten, wie die der oberen Halswirbelsäule, aber auch Frakturen bei scheinbar inadäquaten Traumata (wie Rippenfrakturen bei Drehbewegungen, Chance-Frakturen der Wirbelsäule bei Stürzen vom Stuhl) müssen bei der diagnostischen Abklärung im Rahmen des präklinischen und klinischen Schockraummanagements traumatisierter Personen berücksichtigt werden. Zusätzlich muss eine genaue Medikamentenanamnese erfolgen, um die möglichen Interaktionen und Wechselwirkungen mit der erforderlichen Therapie einschätzen zu können. Allen voran hier die immer neuen Basistherapeutika, deren Nebenwirkungsprofil und Interaktionen unter diesen Extrembedingungen nicht immer allen Therapeuten bekannt sind.
Rheumatische Erkrankungen bei Migranten
Authors: Kötter Ina
Published: March 2018

Die Zuwanderung von Menschen aus anderen Ländern oder sogar von anderen Kontinenten stellt uns als Rheumatologen vor neue Herausforderungen. Obwohl alle entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen die hierzulande vorkommen, auch in den Heimatländern der Immigranten existieren, sind die Häufigkeiten unterschiedlich. Bei uns seltene Krankheitsbilder wie familiäres Mittelmeerfieber (FMF) oder M. Behcet sind v. a. in Nordafrika und im Mittelmeerraum oft häufiger als Spondyloarthritiden oder gar die RA. Das FMF ist zudem mit dem Auftreten einer Spondyloarthritis assoziiert, die dann häufig HLA-B27 negativ ist. Ebenso gibt es eine Assoziation mit dem M. Behcet. Auch das Rheumatische Fieber kommt v. a. in den afrikanischen Ländern noch häufig vor, während es in Europa fast ausgerottet ist. Zu beachten sind auch mögliche Differenzialdiagnosen wie rheumatische Symptome bei genetisch determinierten Anämien, oder bei Infektionen wie HIV, der Tuberkulose und Parasitosen, die allesamt in den Herkunftsländern der Migranten viel häufiger sind, als in Nordwesteuropa.
Rheumatologische Erkrankungen und Schlaf – Schlafmedizinische Aspekte der Diagnostik und Therapie – Eine literaturbasierte Übersicht
Authors: Knaack Lennart , Janicki Jaroslaw
Published: March 2018

Ziel des auf einer PubMed-Recherche basierenden Übersichtsartikels ist es, die Schlafphysiologie und die pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge von rheumatologischen Erkrankungen und primären sowie sekundären Schlafstörungen darzustellen. Dabei werden die somnologische Diagnostik und Therapie als ergänzende Verfahren in die rheumatologische Behandlungsstrategie eingebunden.

Epidemiologie 70% aller Rheumapatienten berichten über einen verkürzten, oberflächlichen und wenig erholsamen Schlaf. Zudem treten bei über 20% der Erkrankungen primäre Schlafstörungen, z. B. das Schlafapnoe- und Restless Legs Syndrom, auf.

Pathogenese Primäre und sekundäre Schlafstörungen können rheumaassoziierte Symptome wie Tagesschläfrigkeit, Fatigue und Depressivität, aber auch die Schmerzintensität und Krankheitsaktivität verstärken. Umgekehrt verschlechtern Schmerzintensität und inflammatorische Marker die Schlafqualität regelhaft. Bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen können neben einer Adipositas auch krankheitsspezifische skelettale Faktoren für ein Obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS) prädisponieren. Das rheumatologisch komorbide auftretende Restless Legs Syndrom (RLS) mindert die Schlafqualität durch eine sensorisch bedingte Schlafstörung, sowie schlaffragmentierende periodische Beinbewegungen.

Messverfahren Die somnologische Diagnostik umfasst introspektive Fragebögen und objektive Tests zu Reaktionsvermögen und Vigilanz. Komorbide auftretende Schlafbezogene Atmungs- und Bewegungsstörungen werden im Sinne eines apparativen und polygrafischen Screenings identifiziert. Mittels Polysomnografie im Schlaflabor erfolgt die spezifische Diagnosestellung und Therapieeinleitung sowie deren Kontrolle.

Therapie Primäre und sekundäre Schlafstörungen bei RA-Erkrankungen werden verhaltenstherapeutisch, medikamentös (Insomnie und RLS) und apparativ (OSAS) behandelt. Eine suffiziente Diagnostik und Behandlung von Schlafstörungen bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen beinhaltet eine koordinierte und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit der einzelnen medizinischen Fachgebiete.
Finite element simulations of surface effect on Rayleigh waves
Authors: He Jin , Zhao Jinling
Published: March 2018

Rayleigh waves influenced by surface effect are investigated by using finite element methods, in which eigenfrequency analysis are performed on a model composed of a half-space covered by the surface effect dominated domain. For a given wavelength, the frequency of the Rayleigh wave is obtained as the eigenfrequency of the model satisfying Floquet periodic boundary conditions. The thickness of the surface effect can be set to be infinitely small or a finite value in the finite element methods. The curvature-dependent out-of-plane force induced by surface tension as described by the generalized Young-Laplace equation is realized through geometric nonlinear analysis. The finite element simulations show that the assumptions of small curvature and infinitely small thickness of the surface effect widely used in theoretical approaches become invalid when Rayleigh waves are highly influenced by the surface effect. This work gives a more accurate insight into the surface effect on Rayleigh waves and provides a potential method for measuring the thickness of the surface effect from the dispersion curves of surface effect influenced Rayleigh wave velocities.
Plasma bombardments in the diode in Ka-band coaxial transit-time oscillator
Authors: Song Lili , He Juntao , Li Ankun , Yu Longzhou
Published: March 2018

Plasma is a non-ignorable factor in a high power generator. In this paper, plasma bombardments in the diode region are found in experiment on a Ka-band transit-time oscillator. Microcosmic and energy dispersive analysis has been done first on the plasma spots. Based on the Carbon contents in different areas of the diode, a physical model describing the progress of the plasma from appearance to expansion is built. Subsequently, simulations on the plasma expansion have been done with particle-in-cell code calculation. The result agrees well with the model proposed above. Finally, a special structure is adopted in the improved Ka-band coaxial TTO to suppress or even avoid the plasma Bombardment. The study is of significance to generators for long-pulsed and repetition operation.
Thermally driven spin-Seebeck transport in chiral dsDNA-based molecular devices
Authors: Nian L. L. , Zhang Rong , Tang F. R. , Tang Jun , Bai Long
Published: March 2018

By employing the nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we study the thermal-induced spin-Seebeck transport through a chiral double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) connected to a normal-metal and a ferromagnetic lead. How the main parameters of the dsDNA-based system influence the spin-Seebeck transport is analyzed at length, and the thermally created charge (spin-related) current displays the rectification effect and the negative differential thermal conductance feature. More importantly, the spin current exhibits the rectification behavior of the spin-Seebeck effect; even the perfect spin-Seebeck effect can be obtained with the null charge current. Thus, the chiral dsDNA-based system can act as a spin(charge)-Seebeck diode, spin(charge)-Seebeck switch, and spin(charge)-Seebeck transistor. Our results provide new ways to design spin caloritronic devices based on dsDNA or other organic molecules.
Dipolar glass-like dielectric response of nanocrystalline Sr0.95Nd0.05Fe12-xScxO19 hexaferrites
Authors: Hilczer Andrzej , Łoś Szymon , Trybuła Zbigniew , Pasińska Katarzyna , Pietraszko Adam
Published: March 2018

Recently reported magnetic quantum paraelectric properties in M-type hexaferrite single crystals have encouraged us to study the dielectric response of SrFe12O19 nanocrystallites down to the temperature of 10 K. As Sc-induced multiferroicity, promising for electromagnetic control, has been reported in bulk and films of hexaferrites, we also studied the size effect in dielectric response of Sr0.95Nd0.05Fe12-xScxO19 nanocrystallites with x = 0.36, 1.08, and 1.56. The nanopowders were obtained by citric method and the phase purity and the microstructure were controlled using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. No clear evidence of quantum paraelectric behavior has been observed in temperature variation of dielectric permittivity of SrFe12O19 nanopowder. In the case of Nd-stabilized Sc-doped nanocrystallites, a low-temperature dielectric relaxation, similar to that in dipolar glasses, has been discovered. Activation energy of 62.5 meV was obtained for the lowest doping level and a modest increase in the energy was found at higher Sc concentrations. We relate the low-temperature relaxation in Sc-doped hexaferrite nanopowder to dielectric displacive polarization at the 4e Wyckoff sites modified by Sc-ions substituting the ferric ions in 4f2 and 12k positions.
Effects of gallic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production using rumen simulation (Rusitec) and batch-culture techniques
Authors: Wei C. , Guyader J. , Collazos L. , Beauchemin K. A. , Zhao G. Y.
Published: March 2018

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adding gallic acid (GA) to ruminant diets on long- and short-term in vitro rumen fermentation and methane (CH4) production, and to test possible interactions between GA and ethanol on fermentation. The first experiment was conducted using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec), as a completely randomised block design with four replications and the following four doses of GA: 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg GA/g dry matter (DM). Ethanol was used in all treatments to increase the solubilisation of GA in rumen fluid. The experimental period lasted 16 days, of which the first 7 days were for adaptation and the subsequent 9 days were for sampling. The second experiment was a 48-h batch-culture incubation conducted as a completely randomised design with a 4 (GA dose; 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg GA/g DM) × 2 (with or without ethanol) arrangement of treatments. In the Rusitec experiment, addition of GA up to 20 mg/g DM did not affect DM disappearance (DMD), organic matter (OM) disappearance, neutral detergent-fibre disappearance (NDFD), acid detergent-fibre disappearance (ADFD) or starch disappearance (P > 0.05), but crude protein disappearance was linearly decreased (P = 0.04) from 78.3% to 72.0%. Daily gas production and CH4 production expressed as mL/g DM and mL/g DMD were not affected by addition of GA (P > 0.05). Addition of GA up to 20 mg/g DM increased butyrate and isovalerate production (P < 0.05) and tended to increase isobutyrate (P = 0.09) and decrease heptanoate production (P = 0.07). In the batch-culture experiment, adding GA up to 40 mg/g DM linearly increased 48-h DMD, NDFD and ADFD (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) CH4 expressed as mL/g DMD, mL/g NDFD and mL/g ADFD. Methane production was decreased after 24 h and 48 h only when GA was added at 10 mg/g DM without ethanol. Fermentation liquid pH and concentration of ammonia-nitrogen (ammonia-N) were also reduced (P < 0.05) with an increasing concentration of GA. Treatments with ethanol notably enhanced 48-h DMD, NDFD, ADFD, gas production (mL/g DM, mL/g OM or mL/g DMD), CH4 production (mL/g DM, mL/g DMD or mL/g NDFD), total volatile fatty acid concentration, the acetate:propionate ratio, acetate, valerate, isovalerate and caproate molar proportions (P < 0.01) and decreased propionate, butyrate and isobutyrate molar proportions (P < 0.01). Significant dose of GA × ethanol interaction was observed only for acetate molar proportion (P = 0.03). In conclusion, our study suggests that the beneficial effects of GA on feed digestion and CH4 production may be short term, while improvements in N metabolism may be sustained over the long term. It may be useful to conduct long-term in vivo studies using a range of diets and doses to verify whether GA can be used as a feed additive to mitigate enteric CH4 production and improve N metabolism of ruminants.
Leveraging a relationship-based sexual health framework for sexual risk prevention in adolescent men in the United States
Authors: Hensel Devon J. , Bales Casey L. , Taylor Julia F. , Fortenberry J. Dennis
Published: March 2018

Background
Studies link sexual health to lower sexual risk in adolescent women, yet no empirical literature evaluates these associations in adolescent men. Methods: Data were drawn from a longitudinal cohort study of sexual relationships and sexual behaviour among adolescent men (n = 72; 14–16 years) in the US. Participants contributed quarterly partner-specific interviews, from which sexual health information and partnered sexual behaviours were drawn. A multidimensional measure of sexual health was constructed and linked to partnered outcomes, including oral–genital, vaginal and anal sex, condom use, partner concurrency and intimate partner violence. Random intercept, mixed-effects linear, ordinal logistic or binary logistic regression were for analyses. Models controlled for participant age, race/ethnicity and relationship length. Results: Adolescent men contributed 651 unique partner-specific interviews. A higher sexual health score with partners was significantly associated with more frequent oral–genital and vaginal sex, as well as higher condom use, lower partner concurrency and lower received and perpetuated intimate partner violence. Conclusion: Positive sexually related experiences in adolescent men contribute to a core of sexual wellbeing, which in turn is linked to lower levels of sexual risk with partners. The present study data support both developmental and public health applications of sexual health, with attention on promoting healthy sexuality as well as risk reduction. Higher sexual health among adolescent men from the US is associated with more frequent condom use, lower partner concurrency and less frequent intimate partner violence. Young men’s exercising the skills associated with healthy sexuality may also reinforce the skills needed to both enjoy sexuality with partners and to avoid adverse sexual outcomes.
Phosphorylation of IRE1 at S729 regulates RIDD in B cells and antibody production after immunization
Authors: Tang Chih-Hang Anthony , Chang Shiun , Paton Adrienne W. , Paton James C. , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. , Ploegh Hidde L. , Del Valle Juan R. , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew
Published: March 2018

To relieve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, IRE1 splices XBP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) or engages regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) of other mRNAs. Upon XBP1 deficiency, IRE1 switches to perform RIDD. We examined IRE1 in XBP1-deficient B cells and discovered that IRE1 undergoes phosphorylation at S729. We generated an anti–phospho-S729 antibody to investigate such phosphorylation. Compared with pharmacological ER stress inducers or Toll-like receptor ligands, the bacterial subtilase cytotoxin has an unusual capability in causing rapid and strong phosphorylation at S729 and triggering B cells to express spliced XBP1. To assess the function of S729 in IRE1, we generated S729A knock-in mice and found S729 is critically important for lipopolysaccharide-stimulated plasmablasts to respond to additional ER stress and for antibody production in response to immunization. We further crossed mice carrying an S729A mutation or ΔIRE1 (missing the kinase domain) with B cell–specific XBP1-deficient mice to trigger RIDD and discovered a critical role for S729 in regulating RIDD in B cells.
Suppression of electron and hole overflow in GaN-based near-ultraviolet laser diodes*
Authors: Xing Yao , Zhao De-Gang , Jiang De-Sheng , Li Xiang , Liu Zong-Shun , Zhu Jian-Jun , Chen Ping , Yang Jing , Liu Wei , Liang Feng , Liu Shuang-Tao , Zhang Li-Qun , Wang Wen-Jie , Li Mo , Zhang Yuan-Tao , Du Guo-Tong
Published: March 2018

In order to suppress the electron leakage to p-type region of near-ultraviolet GaN/In
x
Ga1–x
N/GaN multiple-quantumwell (MQW) laser diode (LD), the Al composition of inserted p-type Al
x
Ga1–x
N electron blocking layer (EBL) is optimized in an effective way, but which could only partially enhance the performance of LD. Here, due to the relatively shallow GaN/In0.04Ga0.96N/GaN quantum well, the hole leakage to n-type region is considered in the ultraviolet LD. To reduce the hole leakage, a 10-nm n-type Al
x
Ga1–x
N hole blocking layer (HBL) is inserted between n-type waveguide and the first quantum barrier, and the effect of Al composition of Al
x
Ga1–x
N HBL on LD performance is studied. Numerical simulations by the LASTIP reveal that when an appropriate Al composition of Al
x
Ga1–x
N HBL is chosen, both electron leakage and hole leakage can be reduced dramatically, leading to a lower threshold current and higher output power of LD.