bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A robust depolymerization route for polysiloxanes
Authors: Warner Matthew J. , Kopatz Jessica W. , Schafer David P. , Kustas Jessica , Sawyer Patricia S. , Grillet Anne M. , Jones Brad H. , Ghosh Koushik
Published: January 2024

A versatile, robust, and stable tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (TBAT) catalyst has been deployed for efficient depolymerization of silicones.
A bromo(boryloxy) silylene and its heavier analogues
Authors: Guthardt Robin , Jones Cameron
Published: January 2024

A selection of halo tetrylenes was synthesized utilizing a bulky boryloxy ligand {B}*O. In a reaction of {B}*OSiBr with benzophenone we observed the formation of a siloxindane which is reminiscence of the behaviour of smaller cyclic silylenes.
α-Aryl substituted GdDOTA derivatives, the perfect contrast agents for MRI?
Authors: Maier Karley B. , Rust Lauren N. , Carniato Fabio , Botta Mauro , Woods Mark
Published: January 2024

Introducing aryl substituents into the α-position of the well-known GdDOTA affords chelates that have unprecedentedly high relaxivities and robustness.
Graphene/silver nanowire aerogel sponge for highly effective electromagnetic energy attenuation
Authors: Lv Shu-Qing , Peng Hua-Long , Zhang Yu , Sun Xiao-Bo , Wang Guang-Sheng
Published: January 2024

The development of a highly effective microwave absorber with low filler loading remains a huge challenge.
Computational prediction of high thermoelectric performance in As2Se3 by engineering out-of-equilibrium defects
Authors: Chaves Anderson Silva , Silva Murilo Aguiar , Antonelli Alex
Published: January 2024

Defect engineering can result in larger charge carrier relaxation times and high figures of merit zT in As2Se3.
Boron-rich hybrid BCN nanoribbons for highly ambient uptake of H2S, HF, NH3, CO, CO2 toxic gases
Authors: Momen Fatemeh , Shayeganfar Farzaneh , Ramazani Ali
Published: January 2024

Nanomaterials-based gas sensors are widely applied for the monitoring and fast detection of hazardous gases owing to their sensitivity and selectivity.
Two-dimensional graphene+ as an anode material for calcium-ion batteries with ultra-high capacity: a first-principles study
Authors: Yang Tao , Ma Tian-Ci , Ye Xiao-Juan , Zheng Xiao-Hong , Jia Ran , Yan Xiao-Hong , Liu Chun-Sheng
Published: January 2024

Two-dimensional graphene+ as an anode material for calcium-ion batteries with ultra-high capacity.
Fast and accurate excited states predictions: machine learning and diabatization
Authors: Sršeň Štěpán , von Lilienfeld O. Anatole , Slavíček Petr
Published: January 2024

Efficient machine learning predictions for excited states can be achieved via machine-learned diabatization.
Intramolecular excimers of open forms of 2H-benzopyran, 2H- and 3H-naphthopyrans in solution: TD-DFT/DFT analysis
Authors: Tabirja Daiana S. , Kostjukov Victor V.
Published: January 2024

In the open forms of diphenyl-substituted photochromic compounds, immediately after the photoinduced cleavage of the C–O bond, one of the phenyl rings forms a stack with an aromatic system at the other end of the alkyl linker.
Spin canting and slow magnetic relaxation in mononuclear cobalt(ii) sulfadiazine ternary complexes
Authors: Villa-Pérez Cristian , Zabala-Lekuona Andoni , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J. , Seco José Manuel , Cepeda Javier , Echeverría Gustavo Alberto , Soria Delia Beatriz
Published: January 2024

Co(ii) and sulfadiazine based compounds with variable anisotropy and metal–metal distances are reported to exhibit SMM behavior and spin-canted antiferromagnetism.
Charge-compensatednido-carborane derivatives in the synthesis of iron(ii) bis(dicarbollide) complexes
Authors: Stogniy Marina Yu. , Anufriev Sergey A. , Bogdanova Ekaterina V. , Gorodetskaya Nadezhda A. , Anisimov Alexei A. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Grishin Ivan D. , Sivaev Igor B.
Published: January 2024

Iron(ii) bis(dicarbollide) amidinium [8,8′-(RNHC(Et)HN)2-3,3′-Fe(1,2-C2B9H10)2] and oxonium [8,8′-(RR′O)2-3,3′-Fe(1,2-C2B9H10)2] derivatives were synthesized and studied by NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry.
Single-molecule magnet behavior in heterometallic decanuclear [Ln2Fe8] (Ln = Y, Dy, Ho, Tb, Gd) coordination clusters
Authors: Chen Man-Ting , Zhao Hai-Xia , Long La-Sheng , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: January 2024

A family of coordination clusters Ln2Fe8 has been prepared. The current work offers magneto-structural correlation models for investigating the single-molecule magnet behavior in lanthanide–iron systems.
Cation vacancy-boosted BaZnB4O8:xEu3+ phosphors with high quantum yield and thermal stability for pc-WLEDs
Authors: Liu Naijia , Chen Nianmin , Wang Yunjian , Kong Juanjuan , Wang Zhe
Published: January 2024

A novel BaZnB4O8:xEu3+ phosphor with high quantum yield (QY = 76.5%) and thermal stability (82.8%@150 °C) for pc-WLEDs was prepared by cation vacancy engineering.
Insight into the relevance of dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC) formation in the absence of thiols in aqueous media
Authors: Medeiros Nathália Miranda , Garcia Felipe Alves , Truzzi Daniela Ramos
Published: January 2024

A quantitative study of DNIC formation in the presence of non-thiol and thiol biomolecules in aqueous media points to the relevance of thiols to DNIC formation in cells.
A universal ligand for lead coordination and tailored crystal growth in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Bowen , Suo Jiajia , Bogachuk Dmitry , Kaiser Waldemar , Baretzky Clemens , Er-Raji Oussama , Loukeris Georgios , Alothman Asma A. , Mosconi Edoardo , Kohlstädt Markus , Würfel Uli , De Angelis Filippo , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: January 2024

Phenylguanidine, a strong ligand in the precursor solution, retards crystallization to enlarge grain sizes and reduce defect density of a perovskite film, demonstrating excellent universality across various compositions.
Effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the removal efficiency of Hg(ii) by MoS2: dependence on the Hg/MoS2 ratio and NOM properties
Authors: Wang Mengxia , Zhang Meng , Han Qi , Shu Yufei , Liu Xun , Chen Beizhao , Chen Yuchao , Liu Bei , Wang Zhongying
Published: January 2024

In groundwater, the efficiency of MoS2 nanosheets for Hg(ii) removal is significantly hindered by natural organic matter (NOM) at high molar ratios of Hg/MoS2, whereas at low ratios, NOM has minimal impact on Hg(ii) removal.
Engineering built-in electric fields in oxygen-deficient MnO-CeO2@Cs catalysts: enhanced performance and kinetics for the oxygen reduction reaction in aqueous/flexible zinc–air batteries
Authors: Wang Lixia , Hu Xinran , Li Huatong , Huang Zhiyang , Huang Jia , Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor , Yang Xiulin
Published: January 2024

An oxygen-deficient MnO-CeO2@Cs catalyst, due to its high work function and strong built-in electric field, can effectively regulate charge redistribution and adsorption/desorption energies with reaction intermediates, thereby improving ORR activity.
Microdroplet assisted hollow ZnCdS@PDA nanocages’ synergistic confinement effect for promoting photocatalytic H2O2 production
Authors: Feng Chenxi , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2024

A ZnCdS@PDA hollow nanoreactor with sulfur vacancies and confinement effects is prepared. The hollow nanoreactor and microdroplets synergistically enrich O2 for high photocatalytic H2O2 yield under neutral conditions without sacrificial agents.
Surfactant-tail control of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal morphology
Authors: Amador-Sánchez Yoarhy A. , Vargas Brenda , Romero-Ibarra Josué E. , Mendoza-Cruz Rubén , Ramos Estrella , Solis-Ibarra Diego
Published: January 2024

An alkene-derived zwitterionic ligand was used to control the morphology of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals, showcasing the first example of a surfactant-tail controlled growth.
Enhanced catalytic performance of Co3O4/Eu2O3 with sulfur-modification in activating peroxymonosulfate for removal of methylene blue
Authors: Shen Haili , Wei Ying , Xia Qiang , Shen Jun , Li Gang
Published: January 2024

S-Co3O4/Eu2O3 exhibited a boosted catalytic performance in activating PMS for the removal of methylene blue.
Catalytic activity of CeO2@TiO2 for environmental protection
Authors: Zagaynov Igor V. , Liberman Elena Yu. , Prikhodko Olga P. , Kon'kova Tatiana V.
Published: January 2024

Core–shell nanoparticles can be used as catalysts. CeO2@TiO2 catalysts with a higher proportion of rutile have better activity in CO oxidation. Dyes oxidation proceeds most efficiently on Fe-composites with a higher proportion of anatase and brookite.
Nitrile biosynthesis in nature: how and why?
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Li Shengying
Published: January 2024

Natural nitriles comprise a small set of secondary metabolites which however show intriguing chemical and functional diversity.
Radical-mediated [3 + 2 + 1] annulation of α-polyfluoromethyl alkenes with arylisocyanates enabled by C(sp3)–F activation
Authors: Yang Yu-Zhong , Xue Qi , Sun Qing , Li Yang , Hu Ming , Xu Chong-Hui , Li Jin-Heng
Published: January 2024

A conceptually novel single electron transfer strategy for C(sp3)–F activation-enabled [3 + 2 + 1] annulation of α-polyfluoromethyl alkenes is developed.
Effect of injectable calcium alginate–amelogenin hydrogel on macrophage polarization and promotion of jawbone osteogenesis
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Chen Luyuan , Yu Chengcheng , He Gang , Lin Huajun , Sang Hongxun , Chen Zhihui , Hong Yonglong , Sui Wen , Zhao Jianjiang
Published: January 2024

Due to persistent inflammation and limited osteogenesis, jawbone defects present a considerable challenge in regenerative medicine.
New pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as EGFR-TK inhibitors: design, green synthesis, potential anti-proliferative activity and P-glycoprotein inhibition
Authors: Hassaballah Aya I. , AboulMagd Asmaa M. , Hemdan Magdy M. , Hekal Mohamed H. , El-Sayed Amira A. , Farag Paula S.
Published: January 2024

In this work, compound 16 was synthesized and evaluated aganist EGFR with IC50 = 0.034 μM with potential P-glycoprotein inhibition.
Pulsed electric field technology as a promising pre-treatment for enhancing orange agro-industrial waste biorefinery
Authors: Bocker Ramon , Silva Eric Keven
Published: January 2024

Pulsed electric field (PEF) technology improves energy efficiency in biorefineries.
Interfacial rheology of linearly growing polyelectrolyte multilayers at the water–air interface: from liquid to solid viscoelasticity
Authors: Pivard Stéphane , Jacomine Leandro , Kratz Felix S. , Foussat Catherine , Lamps Jean-Philippe , Legros Mélanie , Boulmedais Fouzia , Kierfeld Jan , Schosseler François , Drenckhan Wiebke
Published: January 2024

Using dilatational and shear interfacial rheology, we demonstrate a liquid–solid transition of NaPSS/PAH polyelectrolyte multilayers at liquid interfaces for a number of adsorbed layers above four, with properties depending on (de)formation history.
A two-dimensional semiconducting Cu(i)-MOF for binder and conductive additive-free supercapattery
Authors: Mishra Shivendu , Singh Mayank K. , Pandey Dilip , Rai Dhirendra K. , Raghuvanshi Abhinav
Published: January 2024

A two dimensional CuCN-based semiconducting MOF with nitrogen rich ligand has been synthesized which shows supercapattery behaviour. The energy storage device formed by CuCN-MOF exhibits excellent energy density, power density and cyclic stability.
Enzyme-mimicking of copper-sites in metal–organic frameworks for oxidative degradation of phenolic compounds
Authors: Valverde Ainara , Alkain Eneko , Rio-López Natalia Ahiova , Lezama Luis , Fidalgo-Marijuan Arkaitz , Laza José Manuel , Wuttke Stefan , Porro José María , Oyarzabal Itziar , Jiménez-Ruiz Mónica , García Sakai Victoria , Arias Pedro Luis , Agirrezabal-Telleria Iker , Fernández de Luis Roberto
Published: January 2024

Two of the main factors controlling the activity and selectivity of metal sites within MOF-like copper metalloenzymes are: (i) their coordination environments, and (ii) the number and connectivity of metal ions at the active site (i.e., nuclearity).
Impact of functional groups on cellulose nanofibers on the state of water molecules, photocatalytic water splitting, and photothermal water evaporation
Authors: Zhou Weiming , Huang Hongqiang , Wang Zequn , Sharshir Swellam W. , Wang Chong , An Meng , Wang Liwei , Yuan Zhanhui
Published: January 2024

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have emerged as promising candidates for renewable energy and fresh water applications.
Segregation and interdiffusion processes in perovskites: a review of recent advances
Authors: Porotnikova Natalia , Osinkin Denis
Published: January 2024

This review focuses on recent advances in the study of segregation processes, namely modeling, segregation on single and polycrystalline samples, effects of polarization, interdiffusion, different atmospheres and exsolution of nanoparticles.
Nanostructure engineering of ruthenium-modified electrocatalysts for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Tong Yun , Chen Pengzuo
Published: January 2024

This review provides a systematic summary of the nanostructure engineering of Ru-modified electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic water splitting. These regulation strategies, such as single atom sites, doping, alloying and interfacial engineering are summarized in detail.
Unlocking the potential of alkaline-earth metal active centers for nitrogen activation and ammonia synthesis: the role of s–d orbital synergy
Authors: Wu Donghai , Wu Jiarui , Li Haobo , Lv Wenjing , Song Yanhao , Ma Dongwei , Jia Yu
Published: January 2024

N2 can be activated via s–d orbital synergy of AE metal active centers, i.e., AE metals's orbitals share electrons with their empty d orbitals, and then the partially occupied d orbitals exchange electrons with the σ and π* orbitals of N2.
Transdermal drug delivery using a porous microneedle device driven by a hydrogel electroosmotic pump
Authors: Wang Gaobo , Kato Kosuke , Aoki Izuru , Ichinose Sae , Inoue Daisuke , Tottori Soichiro , Nishizawa Matsuhiko
Published: January 2024

Integrating a hydrogel electroosmotic pump with a parylene C-coated porous microneedle (PMN) is developed for transdermal drug delivery applications.
Template-controllable rolling circle amplification for dual protein sensitive analysis
Authors: Wang Gang , Tang Shi , Dong Yixi , Zou Fangbo , Jiao Jin , Xiang Yang
Published: January 2024

Conjoint analysis of multiple protein biomarkers can improve the accuracy of disease analysis.
The origin of [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction in the solid state driving ACQ-to-AIE transformation
Authors: Wei Haoran , Zhu Hongyang , Li Quansong , Zheng Xiaoyan
Published: January 2024

The PD reaction mechanism of t-2FSBO and the AIE properties of the two resultant isomers, t-2FPCBO and c-2FPCBO, in both different environments are theoretically investigated using PCM and QM/MM models coupled with the TVCF-based rate theory.
Facile construction of metal–organic frameworks/topological insulator heterostructure for photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Sun Jing , Yuan Xunfeng , Liu Baoying , Ma Shang , Qiao Chengfang
Published: January 2024

MOF/topological insulator-based heterostructure, namely ZIF-8/Bi2Se3 NSs, exhibits excellent photo-to-heat conversion ability and remarkable photothermal catalytic activity with CO evolution rate of 22.65 μmol g−1 h−1.
A PLC communication characteristics‐based fault location method in medium voltage meshed distribution networks
Authors: Bin Chen , Min‐gang Tan , Junliang Qian , Yi Tang , Chaohai Zhang
Published: January 2024

A power line carrier (PLC) communication characteristics‐based method is proposed for single‐phase‐to‐ground fault location in neutral isolated medium voltage meshed distribution networks in this paper. The carrier signals with a time‐varying frequency and constant amplitude are processed by a set of PLC transmitters and receivers, whose placement is optimized by regarding the power network as an undirected graph. Two signal encoding and decoding algorithms for the PLC terminals are proposed to avoid using expensive timing systems between the terminals. The fault location technique is implemented by comparing the cosine similarity of amplitude attenuation and phase offset between the fault and a feature library. The node corresponding to the maximum cosine similarity of the characteristics between the present fault and the library is selected as the location of the current fault. Only one set of low‐cost PLC communication terminals and the widely available power lines are needed in the fault location system, making this approach highly practical. Numerical simulations using MATLAB/Simulink have been performed to verify the technique's feasibility. The results show that the method can accurately locate faults in neutral isolated medium voltage meshed distribution networks. Besides, the presented approach achieves a high level of accuracy in estimating transition resistance values.
Brake disc positioning and defect detection method based on improved Canny operator
Authors: Guo Jun , Yang Yang , Xiong Xin , Yang Yue , Shao Mengzhen
Published: January 2024

Firstly, the Canny operator combined with circle fitting is used to position the working surface. Secondly, the median filter and the Laplacian operator are selected for preprocessing. Due to uneven illumination, surface texture, or environmental dust, the extracted scratches exhibit fragmentation, and traditional morphological operations cannot handle scratches well, so an improved Canny operator combined with probabilistic Hough transform is proposed for scratch connection. A bidirectional connection is introduced to optimize the edge detection process of the Canny operator, and a parallel algorithm is introduced to shorten the detection time. Finally, the standard Hough transform needs to traverse the entire parameter space, and the calculation is complicated, and the probability Hough transform is selected. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional Canny algorithm, the precision, recall, and F1‐score of the improved Canny algorithm are increased by 3.2%, 13.2%, and 6.0%, respectively. After adding parallel processing, the average detection time was reduced by 45 ms. Finally, the accuracy of scratches extracted using this algorithm reached 97.96%, the leak rate, and mistake rate of this study are only 3.33% and 2.00%, which provides a more accurate and efficient theoretical support for the research on brake disc scratch detection.
ApismelliferaMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), A Rewiew Paper
Authors: Amin Jaber , Kumova Ulviye
Published: January 2024

This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ofApis mellifera, commonly referred to as the Western honey bee. The present study aims to examine the genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary history of a species of insect that holds economic significance. This study elucidates the genetic determinants that impact the adaptive capacity, behavioral patterns, and overall well-being of honey bees through the examination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences derived from diverse honey bee populations across the globe. Furthermore, this study examines the potential implications of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) research on various aspects of beekeeping practices, conservation initiatives, and the comprehension of honey bee biology. This paper serves as a significant asset for researchers, beekeepers, and conservationists with a keen interest in exploring the genetic characteristics ofApis mellifera
Adaptability of deep learning: datasets and strategies in fruit classification
Authors: Gulzar Yonis , Ünal Zeynep , Ayoub Shahnawaz , Ahmad Reegu Faheem , Altulihan Alhanouf
Published: January 2024

This review aims to uncover the multifaceted landscape of methodologies employed by researchers for accurate fruit classification. The exploration encompasses an array of techniques and models, each tailored to address the nuanced challenges presented by fruit classification tasks. From convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and transfer learning to ensemble methods, the spectrum of approaches underscores the innovative strategies harnessed to achieve precision in fruit categorization. A significant facet of this review lies in the analysis of the various datasets utilized by researchers for fruit classification. Different datasets present unique challenges and opportunities, thereby shaping the design and effectiveness of the models. From widely recognized datasets like Fruits-360 to specialized collections, the review navigates through a plethora of data sources, elucidating how these datasets contribute to the diversity of research endeavors. This insight not only highlights the variety in fruit types and attributes but also emphasizes the adaptability of deep learning techniques to accommodate these variations. By amalgamating findings from diverse articles, this study offers an enriched understanding of the evolving trends and advancements within the domain of fruit classification using deep learning. The synthesis of methodologies and dataset variations serves to inform future research pursuits, aiding in the refinement of accurate and robust fruit classification methods. As the field progresses, this review stands as a valuable compass, guiding researchers toward impactful contributions that enhance the accuracy and applicability of fruit classification models.
Water consumption and control in farm animals
Authors: Kutay Harun
Published: January 2024

Water is vital for farm animals, as it is for all creatures. Water consumption in animals varies depending on factors such as species, age, production type, yield, environmental temperature, feed consumption, feed type, ration composition and water quality. Failure to provide sufficient quantity and quality of water causes deterioration in the health of animals, decrease in productivity and product quality, and even death. Approximately 80% of the Earth’s surface consists of water, and 97% of this water found in seas and oceans. The rate of fresh water is below 3% and only 0.5% is usable. However, with the increasing population and agricultural irrigation activities, access to water resources is becoming more difficult day by day. For this reason, studies have been focused on the controlled use of water, which is essential for the continuity of life, in both plant and animal production. This study includes information about the importance of water for farm animals, water quality and control of water consumption.
CXCR4-targeted Theranostics in Hematooncology: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Werner Rudolf , Haug Alexander , Buske Christian , Heidegger Simon , Illert Anna L. , Bassermann Florian , Herhaus Peter , Buck Andreas , Duell Johannes , Topp Max S , Kraus Sabrina , Einsele Hermann , Lapa Constantin , Raderer Markus , Lenz Georg , Habringer Stefan , von Tresckow Bastian , Keller Ulrich
Published: January 2024

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed in a multitude of cancers, including neoplasms of hematopoietic origin. This feature can be leveraged by a theranostic approach, which provides a read-out of the actual CXCR4 expression in vivo, followed by CXCR4-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) exerting anti-cancer as well as myeloablative efficacy. In a recent meeting of hematooncology and nuclear medicine specialists, statements on the current clinical practice and future perspectives of this innovative concept were proposed and summarized in this opinion article. Experts concluded that i) CXCR4-directed [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT has the potential to improve imaging for patients with marginal zone lymphoma; ii) CXCR4-targeted RLT exerts anti-lymphoma efficacy and myeloablative effects in patients with advanced, treatment-refractory T-cell lymphomas; iii) prospective trials with CXCR4-based imaging and theranostics are warranted.
Technische Unterstützung bei der i. v.-Medikation
Authors: Zoller Richard , Walterscheid Verena , Weiß Claudia
Published: January 2024

Um Fehler bei der Verabreichung von intravenös zu applizierenden Medikamenten zu vermeiden, hat das Universitätsklinikum Bonn eine technische Lösung angestrebt und etabliert. Eine Projektbeschreibung und ein Erfahrungsbericht zur Einführung von Dosislaufraten bei Spritzenpumpen.
„Alleine schaffe ich das nicht…“ – Bedürfnisanalyse der Angehörigen von Palliativpatienten im Entlassungsprozess aus dem Krankenhaus
Authors: Hanke Mareike , Doll Axel , Simon Steffen T. , Eisenmann Yvonne
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund Die Studie untersucht die Bedürfnisse und Belastungen der Angehörigen von Palliativpatient*innen im Entlassungsprozess aus dem Krankenhaus, um diesen mit angepassten Angeboten zu verbessern.

Methodik Es wurden 10 qualitative Interviews mit Angehörigen von Palliativpatient*innen im Entlassungsprozess geführt und ein Fragebogen zu Bedarfen erhoben. Die Interviews wurden inhaltsanalytisch, der Fragebogen deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Kernthemen waren: Entscheidungsfindung, Organisations- und Informationsbedarf und psychosoziale Bedürfnisse. Aus der als selbstverständlich angesehenen Pflege zu Hause resultieren Versagensängste und ein Informationsbedarf an Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten, beispielsweise der Palliativdienste.

Schlussfolgerung Informationsgespräche und -material sowie eine Einbindung in die Pflege im Krankenhaus können die Angehörigen unterstützen. Für die realistische Einschätzung der Pflege zu Hause und externe Unterstützung ist eine rechtzeitige Aufklärung wichtig.
Update on Thrombosis Risk in Patients with Cancer: Focus on Novel Anticancer Immunotherapies
Authors: Moik Florian , Riedl Jakob M. , Englisch Cornelia , Ay Cihan
Published: January 2024

Thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thromboembolism (ATE), increase mortality and morbidity, and delay treatment in patients with cancer. Therefore, an increased understanding of underlying risk profiles, the identification of risk factors and predictive biomarkers, and ultimately the development of specific cardiovascular prevention strategies in patients with cancer is needed. Medical anticancer therapies have undergone a remarkable development in recent years with the advent of targeted and immunotherapeutic treatment options, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs). These developments have important implications for the accompanied risk of thromboembolic events in patients with cancer. First, the increased use of these highly effective therapies renders a growing proportion of patients with cancer at risk of thromboembolic events for a prolonged risk period due to an increase in patient survival despite advanced cancer stages. Second, potential direct cardiovascular toxicity and prothrombotic effect of novel anticancer immunotherapies are a matter of ongoing debate, with emerging reports suggesting a relevant risk of VTE and ATE associated with ICI, and relevant dysregulations of hemostasis in the frequently observed cytokine-release syndrome associated with BiTEs and CAR T-cell therapy. The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize the implications of the emerging use of anticancer immunotherapy for thromboembolic events in patients with cancer, and to provide an overview of available data on the rates and risk factors for VTE and ATE associated with ICI, CAR T-cell therapy, and BiTEs.
Development of a novel endoscopic hemostasis-assisted navigation AI system in the standardization of post-ESD coagulation
Authors: Fujinami Haruka , Kuraishi Shun , Teramoto Akira , Shimada Seitaro , Takahashi Saeko , Ando Takayuki , Yasuda Ichiro
Published: January 2024

Background and study aims While gastric endoscopic submucosal
dissection (ESD) has become a treatment with fewer complications, delayed bleeding remains a
challenge. Post-ESD coagulation (PEC) is performed to prevent delayed bleeding. Therefore, we
developed an artificial intelligence (AI) to detect vessels that require PEC in real
time.

Materials and methods Training data were extracted from 153
gastric ESD videos with sufficient images taken with a second-look endoscopy (SLE) and
annotated as follows: (1) vessels that showed bleeding during SLE without PEC; (2) vessels
that did not bleed during SLE with PEC; and (3) vessels that did not bleed even without PEC.
The training model was created using Google Cloud Vertex AI and a program was created to
display the vessels requiring PEC in real time using a bounding box. The evaluation of this AI
was verified with 12 unlearned test videos, including four cases that required additional
coagulation during SLE.

Results The results of the test video validation indicated that
109 vessels on the ulcer required cauterization. Of these, 80 vessels (73.4%) were correctly
determined as not requiring additional treatment. However, 25 vessels (22.9%), which did not
require PEC, were overestimated. In the four videos that required additional coagulation in
SLE, AI was able to detect all bleeding vessels.

Conclusions The effectiveness and safety of this endoscopic
treatment-assisted AI system that identifies visible vessels requiring PEC should be confirmed
in future studies.
An Evaluation of Anatomic Referencing for Femoral Component Sizing Using Computed Tomography-Based Computer Modeling
Authors: Campbell Brett , Weinberg Max , Bischoff Jeffrey , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: January 2024

One of the critical steps in total knee arthroplasty is femoral component positioning and sizing. Historically, there was wider variability between femoral component sizes, necessitating the concepts of anterior referencing (AR) and posterior referencing (PR). With the introduction of smaller increments between sizes, the concept of anatomic referencing has been introduced to replace AR and PR. The intent of this study was to validate the concept of anatomic referencing and show that with 2 mm increments in femoral sizes, the femoral component can be placed flush to the anterior cortex while maintaining posterior condylar offset (PCO). Digital surface models were created using 515 femurs from an established computed tomography database. Virtual bone resections, component sizing and placement were performed assuming neutral mechanical axis and a cartilage thickness of 2 mm. The appropriately sized femoral component, which had 2 mm incremental sizes, was placed flush with the anterior cortex with restoration of the PCO. The anterior–posterior distance from the posterior surface of the component to the medial and lateral surfaces of the posterior condylar cartilage were measured. The medial condyle was the limiting condyle in the majority of cases (73%). The average medial gap after appropriate femoral component matching was 0.6 mm (0.39–1.41 mm) across all sizes. The overall average condylar gap was 1.02 mm. The most common femoral component was a size 7 (57.2 mm) and the average femoral AP width was 55.9 mm. Anatomic referencing with an implant system that has 2-mm increments in femoral component sizing provides an alternative to AR and PR without compromise. Anatomic referencing allows for perfect alignment of the anterior flange of the femoral component to the anterior cortex of the femur while restoring the native PCO to within 1 mm. This avoids having to choose between AR or PR when in between femoral sizes.
Online vs in-person learning in higher education: effects on student achievement and recommendations for leadership
Authors: Alarifi Bandar N. , Song Steve
Published: January 2024

This study is a comparative analysis of online distance learning and traditional in-person education at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on understanding how different educational modalities affect student achievement. The justification for this study lies in the rapid shift towards online learning, especially highlighted by the educational changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the final test scores of freshman students in five core courses over the 2020 (in-person) and 2021 (online) academic years, the research provides empirical insights into the efficacy of online versus traditional education. Initial observations suggested that students in online settings scored lower in most courses. However, after adjusting for variables like gender, class size, and admission scores using multiple linear regression, a more nuanced picture emerged. Three courses showed better performance in the 2021 online cohort, one favored the 2020 in-person group, and one was unaffected by the teaching format. The study emphasizes the crucial need for a nuanced, data-driven strategy in integrating online learning within higher education systems. It brings to light the fact that the success of educational methodologies is highly contingent on specific contextual factors. This finding advocates for educational administrators and policymakers to exercise careful and informed judgment when adopting online learning modalities. It encourages them to thoroughly evaluate how different subjects and instructional approaches might interact with online formats, considering the variable effects these might have on learning outcomes. This approach ensures that decisions about implementing online education are made with a comprehensive understanding of its diverse and context-specific impacts, aiming to optimize educational effectiveness and student success.
Developing correlation-consistent numeric atom-centered orbital basis sets for krypton: Applications in RPA-based correlated calculations
Authors: Yang Sixian , Zhang Igor Ying , Ren Xinguo
Published: January 2024

Localized atomic orbitals are the preferred basis set choice for large-scale explicit correlated calculations, and high-quality hierarchical correlation-consistent basis sets are a prerequisite for correlated methods to deliver numerically reliable results. At present, numeric atom-centered orbital (NAO) basis sets with valence correlation consistency (VCC), designated as NAO-VCC-nZ, are only available for light elements from hydrogen (H) to argon (Ar) [Zhang et al., New J. Phys. 15, 123033 (2013)]. In this work, we extend this series by developing NAO-VCC-nZ basis sets for krypton (Kr), a prototypical element in the fourth row of the periodic table. We demonstrate that NAO-VCC-nZ basis sets facilitate the convergence of electronic total-energy calculations using the Random Phase Approximation (RPA), which can be used together with a two-point extrapolation scheme to approach the complete basis set limit. Notably, the Basis Set Superposition Error (BSSE) associated with the newly generated NAO basis sets is minimal, making them suitable for applications where BSSE correction is either cumbersome or impractical to do. After confirming the reliability of NAO basis sets for Kr, we proceed to calculate the Helmholtz free energy for Kr crystal at the theoretical level of RPA plus renormalized single excitation correction. From this, we derive the pressure–volume (P–V) diagram, which shows excellent agreement with the latest experimental data. Our work demonstrates the capability of correlation-consistent NAO basis sets for heavy elements, paving the way toward numerically reliable correlated calculations for bulk materials.
Distilling coarse-grained representations of molecular electronic structure with continuously gated message passing
Authors: Maier J. Charlie , Wang Chun-I , Jackson Nicholas E.
Published: January 2024

Bottom-up methods for coarse-grained (CG) molecular modeling are critically needed to establish rigorous links between atomistic reference data and reduced molecular representations. For a target molecule, the ideal reduced CG representation is a function of both the conformational ensemble of the system and the target physical observable(s) to be reproduced at the CG resolution. However, there is an absence of algorithms for selecting CG representations of molecules from which complex properties, including molecular electronic structure, can be accurately modeled. We introduce continuously gated message passing (CGMP), a graph neural network (GNN) method for atomically decomposing molecular electronic structure sampled over conformational ensembles. CGMP integrates 3D-invariant GNNs and a novel gated message passing system to continuously reduce the atomic degrees of freedom accessible for electronic predictions, resulting in a one-shot importance ranking of atoms contributing to a target molecular property. Moreover, CGMP provides the first approach by which to quantify the degeneracy of “good” CG representations conditioned on specific prediction targets, facilitating the development of more transferable CG representations. We further show how CGMP can be used to highlight multiatom correlations, illuminating a path to developing CG electronic Hamiltonians in terms of interpretable collective variables for arbitrarily complex molecules.
Coherent THz spin dynamics in antiferromagnets beyond the approximation of the Néel vector
Authors: Formisano F. , Gareev T. T. , Khusyainov D. I. , Fedianin A. E. , Dubrovin R. M. , Syrnikov P. P. , Afanasiev D. , Pisarev R. V. , Kalashnikova A. M. , Mentink J. H. , Kimel A. V.
Published: January 2024

Controlled generation of coherent spin waves with highest possible frequencies and shortest possible wavelengths is a cornerstone of spintronics and magnonics. Here, using Heisenberg antiferromagnet RbMnF3, we demonstrate that laser-induced THz spin dynamics corresponding to pairs of mutually coherent counter-propagating spin waves with the wavevectors up to the edge of the Brillouin zone cannot be understood in terms of magnetization and antiferromagnetic (Néel) vectors, conventionally used to describe spin waves. Instead, we propose to model such spin dynamics using the spin correlation function. We derive a quantum-mechanical equation of motion for the latter and emphasize that unlike the magnetization and antiferromagnetic vectors the spin correlations in antiferromagnets do not exhibit inertia.
Identification and localization of transmission lines for live working in distribution network
Authors: Li Jinbin , Jian Xu , Zhang Liang , Sun Shuangxue , Li Shengzu , Wang Gang , An Jianqi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, aiming at the current distribution network with power operation in the presence of outdoor bright light, the operating scene is complex and not fixed, the transmission lines and lead samples are small and uneven, leading to poor accuracy of machine learning and other methods of distribution network with power operation robot identification and localization, this paper selects three-dimensional LIDAR to design a set of support vector machine (SVM) classifier and correlation analysis based on the target recognition method. This paper selects three-dimensional LIDAR to design a set of support vector machine (SVM) classifier and correlation analysis based on the target recognition method. First, in the context of power distribution network operations, we have explored various filtering methods suitable for preprocessing transmission line data. These methods aim to remove outliers and clutter from point clouds, thus enhancing both point cloud quality and processing speed. This, in turn, improves the efficiency of real-time on-site detection. We conducted experimental comparisons of various clustering algorithms and opted for a region-based point cloud clustering algorithm to achieve the segmentation of individual point clouds. Secondly, we proposed a multi-feature composite approach based on the Viewpoint Feature Histogram (VFH) features, which helps maintain the scale-invariant characteristics of the features. We then introduced a multi-feature composite criterion based on VFH features to extract features from segmented point clouds. Subsequently, an SVM classifier based on this composite feature criterion was developed to achieve target identification and classification. Experimental results have demonstrated improved accuracy in target identification. Finally, we integrated this system with a bucket-arm vehicle for coordinate conversion and precise navigation of the robot to the target station. This method significantly improves the overall operational efficiency of power distribution tasks.
Large magnetic entropy change in Ni–Mn–In–Sb alloys via directional solidification and calculated by first-principles calculations
Authors: Tian Fanghua , Cao Kaiyan , Chen Kaiyun , Kong Sen , Dai Zhiyong , Zhao Qizhong , Fang Minxia , Ke Xiaoqin , Zhou Chao , Zhang Yin , Yang Sen
Published: January 2024

In this work, the magnetocaloric effect in Ni50Mn36In5Sb9 alloy was increased by more than 50% through directional solidification, and the magnetic entropy change increased to 36.2 J kg−1 K−1 under the field of 5 T. The calculated results of differential scanning calorimetry curves confirmed the enhanced entropy change, which also increased from 29.7 to 40.7 J kg−1 K−1. Moreover, first-principles calculations show that the surface formation energy along the L21 (220) plane is the lowest at room temperature, and it is easy to form and undergo martensitic transformation from the (220) crystal plane. Directional solidification causes the alloy to grow basically toward the (220) crystal plane, improve atomic ordering, reduce grain boundaries, and increase grain size. Thereby, the magnetic entropy change is enhanced.
The suitability of a dynamic coastal lake to support the diadromous fish Galaxias maculatus
Authors: Meijer Christopher G. , Hickford Michael J. H. , Gray Duncan P. , Schiel David R.
Published: January 2024

Context Globally, intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) can constitute highly productive coastal environments that support a range of fisheries. With growing pressures on fish communities, understanding the role of ICOLL management in population dynamics is increasingly important for conservation. Aims To determine whether the flood-driven management and environmental degradation of New Zealand’s largest coastal lake, Te Waihora–Lake Ellesmere, has created a conflict with the life history of diadromous īnanga, Galaxias maculatus Jenyns, potentially limiting persistence of this species. Methods The timing of post-larval migration of īnanga was assessed over 2 years (2021 and 2022) and compared with historic patterns of managed lake openings. Immigrating īnanga individuals were tagged to assess subsequent development, before potential reproductive output was quantified using artificial spawning substrates. Key results Peak migration periods were mismatched with the timing of most lake openings. After quickly transiting into tributaries, īnanga seemingly died within a few months. No spawning was detected. Conclusions and implications The mismatch between lake opening management and the annual life history of īnanga prevents the reliable supply of post-larvae needed to sustain a persistent population, with severe environmental degradation being likely to restrict subsequent survival through summer conditions. This study has highlighted the need for management interventions to be tuned to the life histories of at-risk species.
Sexual dysfunction: a study on learning experience of Australian medical students
Authors: Ramanathan Vijayasarathi , Sawaqed Maya
Published: January 2024

Background Research has shown that clinicians are not comfortable managing sexual dysfunction (SD), and there are gaps in the SD-specific training of medical students in the US and the UK. However, there is little research into the extent of SD-specific training needs and learning experiences of Australian medical students. This study aims to explore the extent of students’ learning experiences and training gaps in the postgraduate medical curriculum at one Australian university. Methods The study was completed as part of the Doctor of Medicine program requirement, and due ethics approval was obtained. An anonymous 10-item online questionnaire, including one open-ended question was created and distributed to all final-year medical students at the University of Sydney. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistical measures, and a thematic analysis was used for the open-ended question. Results There are 252 final-year medical students at the University of Sydney, of which 31 students completed the questionnaire, giving a 12% response rate. Of the 31 respondents, the majority of students reported that they never (n = 7; 23%) or rarely (n = 16; 52%) had opportunities to interact with patients presenting with SD throughout their training. Erectile dysfunction was the topic that all students had some training, whereas female orgasmic disorder was the topic that students had the least training. Of all the students who reported receiving training in the medication/substance-induced SD (n = 26), one in two (n = 14, 54%) reported feeling unprepared. Only 55% of students (n = 17) felt comfortable to initiate discussions around SD with patients, whereas 84% of students (n = 26) felt comfortable to discuss SD when the patient initiated the conversation. Students expressed a need for training on how to address these sensitive topics with patients, with more emphasis on the management of SD. Conclusion The data suggests that the current medical curriculum at the University of Sydney does offer some training in SD, but it is not adequate enough to confidently and comfortably manage SD. Considerations should be made to the curriculum to facilitate a broader recognition and understanding of SD and to prepare future clinicians to adequately address and manage SD.
Higher chronic absenteeism threatens academic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dee Thomas S.
Published: January 2024

The broad and substantial educational harm caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has motivated large federal, state, and local investments in academic recovery. However, the success of these efforts depends in part on students’ regular school attendance. Using state-level data, I show that the rate of chronic absenteeism among US public-school students grew substantially as students returned to in-person instruction. Specifically, between the 2018–2019 and 2021–2022 school years, the share of students chronically absent grew by 13.5 percentage points—a 91-percent increase that implies an additional 6.5 million students are now chronically absent. State-level increases in chronic absenteeism are positively associated with the prevalence of school closures during the 2020–2021 school year. However, these increases do not appear to be associated with enrollment loss, COVID-19 case rates, school masking policies, or declines in youth mental health. This evidence indicates that the barriers to learning implied by the sharp increase in chronic absenteeism merit further scrutiny and policy responses.