bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pneumonia and malnutrition among children in Jigawa state, Nigeria: a community-based clinical screening study
Authors: King Carina , Siddle Morgan , Adams Osebi , Ahmar Samy , Ahmed Tahlil , Bakare Ayobami Adebayo , Bakare Damola , Burgess Rochelle Ann , Colbourn Tim , McCollum Eric D , Olowookere Temitayo , Salako Julius , Uchendu Obioma , Graham Hamish R , Falade Adegoke Gbadegesin
Published: October 2022

Objective

To estimate the point prevalence of pneumonia and malnutrition and explore associations with household socioeconomic factors.

Design

Community-based cross-sectional study conducted in January–June 2021 among a random sample of households across all villages in the study area.

Setting

Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa state, Nigeria.

Participants

Children aged 0–59 months who were permanent residents in Kiyawa and present at home at the time of the survey.

Main outcome measures

Pneumonia (non-severe and severe) defined using WHO criteria (2014 revision) in children aged 0–59 months. Malnutrition (moderate and severe) defined using mid-upper arm circumference in children aged 6–59 months.

Results

9171 children were assessed, with a mean age of 24.8 months (SD=15.8); 48.7% were girls. Overall pneumonia (severe or non-severe) point prevalence was 1.3% (n=121/9171); 0.6% (n=55/9171) had severe pneumonia. Using an alternate definition that did not rely on caregiver-reported cough/difficult breathing revealed higher pneumonia prevalence (n=258, 2.8%, 0.6% severe, 2.2% non-severe). Access to any toilet facility was associated with lower odds of pneumonia (aOR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.01). The prevalence of malnutrition (moderate or severe) was 15.6% (n=1239/7954) with 4.1% (n=329/7954) were severely malnourished. Being older (aOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.27), male (aOR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.91) and having head of compound a business owner or professional (vs subsistence farmer, aOR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.90) were associated with lower odds of malnutrition.

Conclusions

In this large, representative community-based survey, there was a considerable pneumonia and malnutrition morbidity burden. We noted challenges in the diagnosis of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness-defined pneumonia in this context.
Humans not heroes: Canadian emergency physician experiences during the early COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tran Anna , Wallner Clare , de Wit Kerstin , Gérin-Lajoie Caroline , Ritchie Kerri , Mercuri Mathew , Clayton Natasha , Boulos Mary , Archambault Patrick , Schwartz Lisa , Gray Sara , Chan Teresa Man-Yee
Published: October 2022

Background

The pandemic has upended much clinical care, irrevocably changing our health systems and thrusting emergency physicians into a time of great uncertainty and change. This study is a follow-up to a survey that examined the early pandemic experience among Canadian emergency physicians and aimed to qualitatively describe the experiences of these physicians during the global pandemic. The study was conducted at a time when Canadian COVID-19 case numbers were low.

Methods

The investigators engaged in an interview-based study that used an interpretive description analytic technique, sensitised by the principles of phenomenology. One-to-one interviews were conducted, transcribed and then analysed to establish a codebook, which was subsequently grouped into key themes. Results underwent source triangulation (with survey data from a similar period) and investigator-driven audit trail analysis.

Results

A total of 16 interviews (11 female, 5 male) were conducted between May and September 2020. The isolated themes on emergency physicians’ experiences during the early pandemic included: (1) disruption and loss of emergency department shift work; (2) stress of COVID-19 uncertainty and information bombardment; (3) increased team bonding; (4) greater personal life stress; (5) concern for patients’ isolation, miscommunication and disconnection from care; (6) emotional distress.

Conclusions

Canadian emergency physicians experienced emotional and psychological distress during the early COVID-19 pandemic, at a time when COVID-19 prevalence was low. This study’s findings could guide future interventions to protect emergency physicians against pandemic-related distress.
Violent injury prevention does not equal to violent crime prevention: an analysis of violence intervention program efficacy using propensity score methods
Authors: Holler, MPH Emma , Ortiz, MD Damaris , Mohanty, MD, MS Sanjay , Meagher, MD, MPH Ashley D , Boustani, MD, MPH Malaz , Zarzaur, MD, MPH Ben L , Simons, MD Clark J
Published: October 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to Prescription for Hope (RxH), a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP), is associated with reduced violent reinjury and new convictions for violent crime in the 2-year period after index hospitalization for a violent injury.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing patients from two level I trauma centers in Indianapolis, Indiana. RxH participants (n=260) enrolled between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 and who had trauma registry data were included. RxH eligibility criteria: admitted for a violent injury (excluding sexual violence), at least 15 years of age, live in Marion County, Indiana, and stay in the hospital for at least 24 hours. RxH exclusion criteria: heavy active substance use, acute psychosis, dementia, severe traumatic brain injury, intentional self-harm, and incarceration. All patients admitted to IU Health Methodist Hospital, a nearby level I trauma center, for an assault, stabbing, or gunshot wound during the same period and met the RxH eligibility criteria were included as a comparison group (n=732). Doubly adjusted logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to estimate the average treatment effect of RxH participation on violent reinjury and new convictions for violent crime.

Results

Data from 992 patients were analyzed. RxH was significantly associated with reduced odds of violent reinjury (OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.59) and increased odds of conviction for a violent crime (OR=2.43, 95% CI 1.64 to 3.61).

Conclusion

RxH was associated with decreased odds of violent reinjury but increased odds of new conviction for a violent crime. Our results highlight the importance of robust, routine evaluation of HVIP efficacy and recommend inclusion of other outcomes in addition to violent reinjury when evaluating program success. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to further investigate the impact of HVIPs on a variety of outcomes.

Level of evidence

IV: retrospective study with more than one negative criterion ((1) limited control of confounding and (2) heterogeneous populations).
Towards Robust Neural Graph Collaborative Filtering via Structure Denoising and Embedding Perturbation
Authors: Ye Haibo , Li Xinjie , Yao Yuan , Tong Hanghang
Published: October 2022

Neural graph collaborative filtering has received great recent attention due to its power of encoding the high-order neighborhood via the backbone graph neural networks. However, their robustness against noisy user-item interactions remains largely unexplored. Existing work on robust collaborative filtering mainly improves the robustness by denoising the graph structure, while recent progress in other fields has shown that directly adding adversarial perturbations in the embedding space can significantly improve the model robustness. In this work, we propose to improve the robustness of neural graph collaborative filtering via both denoising in the structure space and perturbing in the embedding space. Specifically, in the structure space, we measure the reliability of interactions and further use it to affect the message propagation process of the backbone graph neural networks; in the embedding space, we add in-distribution perturbations by mimicking the behavior of adversarial attacks and further combine it with contrastive learning to improve the performance. Extensive experiments have been conducted on four benchmark datasets to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the recent neural graph collaborative filtering methods especially when there are injected noisy interactions in the training data.
MicroRNA-499-5p promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via inhibiting SOX6
Authors: Sheng Yao , Yang Zewen , Feng Ziming , Wang Yu , Ji Ningning
Published: October 2022

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary etiology of cardiovascular disease, which is considered the leading cause of death all over the world. MicroRNA miR-499-5p was involved in the functional regulation of myocardial and skeletal muscle, whereas its role in atherosclerosis, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the effects of miR-499-5p in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and potential mechanisms. We used mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) and ApoE−/− mice to establish the models of AS in vitro and in vivo, respectively. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression level of miR-499-5p. Subsequently, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, Transwell assays, and wound-healing assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation and migration. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction between miR-499-5p and SOX6. miR-499-5p significantly increased in aorta tissues of mice in AS tissues and vascular smooth muscle cells treated with ox-LDL. miR-499-5p overexpression could promote the proliferation and migration of MOVAS. Bioinformatics analysis predicted and further experiments verified that miR-499-5p could directly bind to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) region of SOX6. Further, miR-499-5p induced an increased expression of smooth muscle proliferation and migration-related genes, PCNA, cyclin D1, and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP2), as well as the decreased expression of proliferation inhibiting factor p21, which was significantly reversed by SOX6 overexpression. miR-499-5p boosts the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells by binding and inhibiting SOX6 expression. The miR-499-5p/SOX6 axis may present a promising therapeutic implication for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
A Pilot Study on Impact of Mood State on Emergency Response Capacity for Young Novice Drivers
Authors: Wan Ping , Jing Xiaowei , Ma Youcai , Lu Shan , Ma Xiaofeng , Peng Liqun
Published: October 2022

As young novice drivers are inclined to getting involved in traffic accidents due to their improper emergency response under sorts of gender affective state, namely, mood, widely generated in fast-paced urban life, it is of great necessary to study the impact of mood state on responsive capacity for young novice drivers. Fourteen college students were recruited to take part in complex reaction experiments for this pilot study. Each subject’s mood was collected through a simplified POMS scale, while their complex reaction time (CRT) and response error rate (RER) were acquired during the experiments. The study results showed that young novice drivers’ RER was significantly positively correlated (pc=0.323

∗
∗

, “pc” omitted next) with their score of total mood disturbance (TMD), and a logarithmic regression model was feasible to describe the correlations with a good fitting effect. Further, their RER was also significantly positively correlated with score of negative mood state components such as nervousness (0.290

∗
∗

), anger (0.300

∗
∗

), fatigue (0.278

∗
∗

), depression (0.287

∗
∗

), and fluster (0.261

∗

), and a quadratic or cubic regression model was suitable to describe the correlations. Additionally, the young novice drivers’ CRT was significantly positively correlated with score of nervousness (0.222

∗
∗

), vigorousness (0.227

∗

), and fluster (0.273

∗

), and a quadratic or exponential regression model was suitable to describe the correlations. The results can provide theoretical support for developing targeted intervention to improve young novice drivers’ emergency response capacity for driving training or traffic management authorities.
Investigating the Active Substance and Mechanism of San-Jiu-Wei-Tai Granules via UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Yu Gengyuan , Zhang Tonghua , Xu Haoran , Bi Yuelin , Feng Xin , Wang Jiaqi , Li Tianyi , Zhang Chenning , Sun Yikun
Published: October 2022

San-Jiu-Wei-Tai granules (SJWTG) are a significant Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), having outstanding advantages in long-term treatment; however, the chemical composition and potential mechanism have not been investigated until now. In this study, a rapid separation and identification method based on UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS was established, and 95 chemical components from SJWTGs were identified, including 6 chemical components of an unknown source that are not derived from the 8 herbs included in SJWTGs. The identified chemical components were subsequently analysed by network pharmacology, suggesting that the core targets for the treatment of CG with SJWTGs were EGFR, SRC, AKT1, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 and thus indicating that SJWTGs could reduce the inflammatory response of gastric epithelial cells and prevent persistent chronic inflammation that induces cancerization by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway and the C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway as well as their upstream and downstream pathways in the treatment of CG. The key bioactive components in SJWTGs were identified as 2,6-bis(4-ethylphenyl)perhydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxanaphth-4-ylethane-1,2-diol, a chemical component of an unknown source, murrangatin, meranzin hydrate, paeoniflorin, and albiflorin. The results of molecular docking showed the strong binding interaction between the key bioactive components and the core targets, demonstrating that the key bioactive components deserve to be further studied and considered as Q-markers. By acting on multiple targets, SJWTG is less susceptible to drug resistance during the long-term treatment of CG, indicating the advantage of Chinese patent medicines. Furthermore, the preventive effect of SJWTGs on gastric cancer also demonstrates the superiority of preventive treatment of disease with traditional Chinese medicine.
Patterns of Immunohistochemical Expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu Tumor Markers in Specific Breast Cancer Lesions
Authors: Bealy Mohamed Ahmed , Abugooda Awad Aljeed , Ahmed Ruba Mustafa Elsaid , Khalil Nuha Abdel Rahman , Elasbali Abdelbaset Mohamed , Mohamed Ghorashy Eltayeb Yousif , Eltom Faris Merghani , Ahmed Hussain
Published: October 2022

Objective. This study aimed to associate the expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu tumor markers in specific breast cancer lesions. Methods. This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu tumor markers for 306 patients who presented with lesions. Tissue blocks and patients’ identification data were retrieved from the department of pathology, AL Madinah Almonwarah hospital, Al Madinah, UAE. Results. Of the 306 patients, 104 had benign lesions and 202 had malignancy (including 194 females and 6 males). Most females were presented with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), followed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), representing 70%, 23.2%, and 3.7%, respectively. Positive P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2 were identified in 20.8%, 11.9%, 91%, and 18.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The expression of P53, BCL2, PTEN, and HER2/neu tumor markers among Saudi patients with breast cancer is relatively similar in many parts of the world.
Research on Rheological Properties by Desulfurized Rubber Powder/SBS Composite-Modified Asphalt and Road Performance of Its Mixture
Authors: Guo Ping , Ma Qingwei , Li Yan , Yang Chenguang , Qiu Yeji , Sun Liangyu , Zhang Xilun , Yang Fayong
Published: October 2022

Desulfurized rubber powder and SBS were used as asphalt modifiers to study the rheological properties and performance of desulfurized rubber powder/SBS composite-modified asphalt (DR/SBSCMA). First, the basic performance indicators such as penetration, ductility, softening point, and viscosity were studied. Second, the high-temperature and low-temperature rheological properties of asphalt were evaluated by using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). Finally, their high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and water stability under the gradation of AC-13 and SMA-13 were evaluated. The results show that DR/SBSCMA had great advantages in terms of ductility and softening point, especially the softening point, which reached 90°C. It also demonstrated excellent high-temperature performance and tensile strength, and penetration was slightly lower than that of SBS-modified asphalt. Moreover, after compound modification, high-temperature and low-temperature rheological properties were effectively improved, and DR/SBSCMA adequately met the requirements of PG82-34. In addition, DR/SBSCMA maintained excellent high-temperature stability in both AC-13 and SMA-13 mixtures, coupled with obvious improvements in rutting deformation. Meanwhile, its low-temperature cracking resistance is slightly lower than that of SBS-modified asphalt, but both adequately meet the specification requirements. Ultimately, the water stability of DR/SBSCMA is comparable to that of SBS-modified asphalt, with both reaching more than 90%, proving its excellent water stability.
Comparison between Cardiac CTA and Echocardiography for Assessment of Ventricular Septal Rupture Diameter and Its Effect on Transcatheter Closure
Authors: Chen Tongfeng , Liu Yuhao , Zhang Jing , Sun Zirui , Cheng Jiangtao , Han Yu , Gao Chuanyu
Published: October 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at comparing cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA) with echocardiography in the assessment of ventricular septal perforation diameter. Methods. A total of 44 ventricular septal rupture (VSR) patients undertaking transcatheter occlusion were included and randomly divided into the CTA group and echocardiography group with a 1 : 1 ratio. Clinical data, operation-related data, and 30 d follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results. Incidence of closure failure, occluder displacement, poor occluder molding, and occluder waist diameter shrinkage between the two groups were not statistically different. The mean residual shunt volume in the echocardiography group (4.2 (3.1, 5.9) mm) was significantly higher than that in the CTA group (2.1 (0, 4.0) mm) with a

p

value of 0.005. However, no significant differences were found in all-cause mortality and incidence of operative complications within 30 days after surgery. Within the CTA group, the correlation was strongest between postoperative occluder diameter and long diameter measured by CTA with a correlation coefficient of 0.799 and

p
<
0.001

, followed by the correlation between postoperative occluder diameter and mean diameter measured by CTA with a correlation coefficient of 0.740 and

p
<
0.001

. The diameter measured by echocardiography was not correlated to postoperative occlude diameter. Conclusion. Assessment of VSR diameter by cardiac CTA is more accurate than by echocardiography.
Network Pharmacology‐Based Dissection of the Mechanism of Drynariae Rhizoma for Low Back Pain
Authors: Wen Feng , Yu Jun , Cheng Yan
Published: October 2022

Objective. To explain the potential mechanisms of Drynariae Rhizoma (DR) in the treatment of low back pain (LBP). Design. Network pharmacology was used to reveal the potential mechanisms including collecting the active ingredients of DR, analyzing the common gene targets of LBP and DR, constructing protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network, collecting protein classification, performing Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and verifying significant gene targets. Results. 234 different gene targets and 18 active compounds altogether were obtained. AKT1, VEGFA, and HIF1A were deemed to be major gene targets based on the degree values. According to GO analysis, steroid metabolic process involved 42 (18.10%) potential therapeutic LBP targets, neuronal cell body involved 24 (10.30%) potential therapeutic LBP targets, and protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved 28 (12.02%) potential therapeutic LBP targets in biological process (BP), cellular component (CC), and molecular function (MF), respectively. According to KEGG and pathway interaction analyses, the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway involved 34 (15.89%) potential therapeutic LBP targets, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway played a significant role in the treatment of LBP. The mRNA expression levels of AKT1 and HIF1A were upregulated in healthy nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue than in degenerative NP tissue. In contrast, the mRNA expression level of VEGFA was downregulated in healthy NP tissue than in degenerative NP tissue. Conclusions. In this study, we identified a potential relationship between LBP and DR in this work, as well as a synergistic mechanism of DR in the treatment of LBP, which serves as a benchmark for further in vivo and in vitro research.
Development of a Nanostructured Electrochemical Genosensor for the Detection of the K-ras Gene
Authors: Garcia-Melo Luis Fernando , Morales-Rodríguez Miguel , Madrigal-Bujaidar Eduardo , Madrigal-Santillán Eduardo O. , Morales-González José Antonio , Pineda Cruces Rosa Natali , Campoy Ramírez Jorge Alfredo , Damian-Matsumura Pablo , Tellez-Plancarte Alexandro , Batina Nikola , Álvarez-González Isela
Published: October 2022

In the scientific literature, it has been documented that electrochemical genosensors are novel analytical tools with proven clinical diagnostic potential for the identification of carcinogenic processes due to genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as infectious diseases due to viruses or bacteria. In the present work, we describe the construction of an electrochemical genosensor for the identification of the k12p.1 mutation; it was based on use of Screen-Printed Gold Electrode (SPGE), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), for the monitoring the electron transfer trough the functionalized nanostructured surface and corresponding morphological changes. The sensitivity of the genosensor showed a linear response for the identification of the k12p.1 mutation of the K-ras gene in the concentration range of 10 fM to 1 μM with a detection limit of 7.96 fM in the presence of doxorubicin (Dox) as DNA intercalating agent and indicator of the hybridization reaction. Thus, the electrochemical genosensor developed could be useful for the identification of diseases related with the K-ras oncogene.
Establishment and Validation of a New Predictive Model for Insulin Resistance based on 2 Chinese Cohorts: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Shi , Wang Xin-Cheng , Li Jing , Wang Xiao-He , Wang Yi , Zhang Yan-Ju , Du Mei-Yang , Zhang Min-Ying , Lin Jing-Na , Li Chun-Jun
Published: October 2022

Background. Visceral adiposity plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance (IR), so surrogate index that can indicate visceral obesity may have higher predictive value for IR. This study aimed to establish and validate a new predictive model including indicator of visceral obesity for IR. Methods. The study population consisted of two cohorts. The derivation cohort was a group of 667 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and the population undergoing a routine health checkup was the validation cohort. The predictive model was established by the logistic regression analysis. Its value for predicting IR was compared with other surrogate indices by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results. The odds ratio (OR) of age, visceral fat area (VFA), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for IR was 1.028 (95% CI, 1.008–1.048) (

P
<
0.01

), 1.016 (95% CI, 1.009–1.023) (

P
<
0.001

), 1.184 (95% CI, 1.005–1.396) (

P
<
0.05

), 1.334 (95% CI, 1.225–1.451) (

P
<
0.001

), and 1.021 (95% CI, 1.001–1.040) (

P
<
0.05

). The formula of the predictive model was (0.0293 × age + 1.4892 × Ln VFA + 0.4966 × Ln TG + 2.784 × Ln FPG + 0.6906 × Ln ALT)/2. The area under the curve was the largest among all the previously reported predictors. Conclusions. This study established and validated a predicting model for IR and confirmed its predictive value in comparison with other surrogate indicators, which will offer a simple and effective tool to measure IR in future large population studies.
Retinopathy of Prematurity Is a Biomarker for Pathological Processes in the Immature Brain
Authors: Huang Chao-Ching , Chu Chi-Hsiang , Lin Yen-Kuang , Lin Yung-Chieh , Huang Hsiu-Mei , Chang Ying-Chao ,   on behalf of the Taiwan Premature Infant Follow-up Network
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is considered a neurovascular disease. We investigated whether ROP, mild or severe, is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in extremely preterm children. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in southern Taiwan. A total of 394 children <28 weeks of gestation who survived to discharge from 2011 to 2018 received neurodevelopmental assessment at corrected age of 24 months. Severe ROP was defined as ROP of stages 2 plus or worse, or recipients of retinal therapy, and mild ROP as stage 1 or 2 in at least one eye. NDI was defined as cognitive or motor impairment using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, moderate to severe cerebral palsy, or profound hearing loss. Results: Among the 374 children validated for analysis, 157 children (42%) had non-ROP, 145 (39%) mild ROP, and 72 (19%) severe ROP. As ROP severity increased progressively from non-ROP, to mild ROP, and to severe ROP, the rates of NDI increased from 25%, to 46%, and to 61%. The multivariable logistic regression showed that the model included three levels of ROP, and neonatal morbidities achieved better overall performance for NDI than the model that included neonatal morbidities alone. Compared with non-ROP, mild ROP and severe ROP had adjusted odds ratios of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.10–3.28) and 2.75 (95% CI: 1.33–5.67) for NDI, respectively. Conclusion: Mild ROP and severe ROP are independent neonatal morbidities associated with NDI. Neurodevelopmental follow-up of extremely preterm children with any stage of ROP is needed.
Cranial Irradiation for Childhood Cancers and Adult Risk of Meningioma
Authors: Garcia Catherine M. , Ganga Arjun , Weil Robert J. , Toms Steven A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Following cranial irradiation, there is an increased risk of developing secondary neoplasms, especially meningiomas. Despite childhood cancer survivors who have undergone cranial irradiation having an increased risk of acquiring radiation-induced meningioma (RIM), there is no widely used standard guideline for meningioma screening. Methods: At a single institution, we reviewed three adult survivors of childhood cancer who were treated for RIM between 2010 and 2020. We recorded age at diagnosis for the primary lesion, the radiation dose, age at RIM diagnosis, and tumor characteristics including treatment, pathology, and outcome. Two had had T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and one a rhabdomyosarcoma. The age of diagnosis of the RIM ranged from 20 to 40 years, with latencies ranging from 18 to 33 years. All lesions were classified as WHO Grade I meningiomas, and only 1 patient had a subsequent recurrence. A literature search identified articles that address RIM: a total of 684 cases were identified in 36 publications. Results: Mean radiation doses ranged from 1.4 gray to 70 gray. Mean age of diagnosis for secondary meningioma ranged from 8 to 53.4 years old, with latency periods ranging from 2.8 to 44 years. Given variability in the way that investigators have published their results, it is difficult to make a single recommendation for RIM screening. Using our experience and the literature, we devised two different screening protocols and calculated their expense. Conclusions: We recommend that data be standardized in a registry to provide greater insight into the clinical and resource allocation questions, especially as long-term survival of children with pediatric cancer into full adulthood becomes more commonplace worldwide.
MicroRNA-138 Regulates Spinal Cord Development by Activating the Shh in Fetal Rats
Authors: Ma Zheng , Li Cui-Yun , Wang Li-Juan , Xia Yan , Feng Cheng-An , Peng Yu-Fang , Han Yan-Bing , Fan Yan , Ba Ying-Chun
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Dysregulation of spinal cord development can lead to serious neuronal damage and dysfunction, causing significant health problems in newborns. MiRNA-138 appears to be crucial for proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of cells. However, the regulation of miRNA-138 and downstream molecules in embryonic spinal cord development remain elusive. The aim of this experiment is to determine whether overexpression of miRNA-138 or RNA interference (RNAi) can regulate the development of spinal cord in fetal rats. Methods: Two plasmid vectors including pLenti-III-mico-GFP (miRNA-138 open reading frame [ORF]) and pLenti-III-miR-Off (miRNA-138 short hairpin) were constructed and injected into the tail vein of rats on the 14th day of pregnancy. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the cell morphology. QRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunostaining confirmed the regulatory relationship between miRNA-138 and downstream molecules sonic hedgehog (Shh). Results: Overexpression of miRNA-138 increased neuron regeneration significantly and decreased neuronal apoptosis when compared with the control. Silencing of miRNA-138 increased neuronal apoptosis and spinal cord atrophy significantly. Furthermore, miRNA-138 ORF treatment effectively increased the expression level of miRNA-138 and also upregulated the level of Shh. Comparatively, knockdown of miRNA-138 downregulated Shh levels in myelodysplastic regions. Conclusion: These findings indicated that miRNA-138 overexpression could protect the spinal cord development of fetal rats, and the underlying mechanisms were associated with Shh expression. The present study provides a novel strategy to promote the molecular mechanism of embryonic spinal cord development.
Platelet–Neutrophil Interaction and Thromboinflammation in Diabetes: Considerations for Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Gauer Julia S. , Ajjan Ramzi A. , Ariëns Robert A. S.
Published: October 2022

Thromboinflammation has become a topic of key interest in cardiovascular disease and the prevention of diabetes complications because of the interplay between thrombosis and inflammation in diabetes. Specifically, the significant risk of vascular thrombotic disease in diabetes highlights the need for new and better therapeutic targets to help manage and prevent vascular thrombo‐occlusive disease in this condition. Similarly, the prominent role of inflammation in diabetes has sparked interest in anti‐inflammatory agents to better prevent and control vascular disease. Investigations on the effects of anticoagulation and antiplatelet interventions in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease show a potential role for these agents in decreasing morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils and platelets are key players in inflammation and wound‐healing response, respectively. The interaction between neutrophils and platelets is thought to be an important driver of thromboinflammation. Therefore, this review describes the mechanisms involved in platelet–neutrophil interactions that contribute to the development or exacerbation of thromboinflammation in the context of diabetes and its associated comorbidities. The effects observed by the antithrombotic/antidiabetic treatments and physical activity/dietary interventions on attenuating thromboinflammation are discussed. These data suggest that mechanisms involved in platelet–neutrophil interaction, platelet activation/aggregation, and the recruitment of neutrophils have a promising potential to become therapeutic targets to decrease thromboinflammation in patients with diabetes.
New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea)
Authors: IRUNGBAM JATISHWOR SINGH , SCHINTLMEISTER ALEXANDER , FRIC ZDENEK FALTYNEK
Published: October 2022

The present study discusses the systematic accounts of 66 species of the family Notodontidae recorded from the Indian state of Manipur. There are some records of the moths from other places including Sikkim (India) and Nepal in addition to Shirui Hill, Manipur. Here, we report, (1) three new species to science viz. Cleapa ukhrulensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister sp. nov., Spatalina rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister sp. nov. and Hexafrenum tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister sp. nov.; (2) seventeen species for the first time from India: Hupodonta corticalis Butler, 1877, Chalepa binotata Kiriakoff, 1959, Besaia isis Schintlmeister, 1997, Ogulina. argentilinea Cai, 1982, Bireta juncturina (Kiriakoff, 1959), Spatalina melanopa Schintlmeister, 2007, S. desiccata desiccata (Kiriakoff, 1963), S. umbrosa (Leech, 1898), Phalera albocalceolata (Bryk, 1950), Neodrymonia albinomarginata Schintlmeister, 2007, Syntypistis wunna (Schintlmeister, 1997), S. scensus (Schintlmeister, 1997), Harpyia nadiae Morozov, 2013, Hexafrenum viola (Schintlmeister, 1997), Rachiades lichenicolor siamensis Sugi, 1993, Pheosiopsis norina Schintlmeister, 1989, and Periphalera spadixa Wu & Fang, 2003; and (3) one genus for the first time from India: Rachiades Kiriakoff, 1967. Thus, the present study updates the Indian Notodontidae richness to a total of 281 species (including nominotypical subspecies) and 16 subspecies under 120 genera. Here, we provide species diagnoses along with habitus, and genitalia images for each of these newly recorded species.
The Company You Keep: How Network Disciplinary Diversity Enhances the Productivity of Researchers
Authors: Hayat Tsahi , Dimitrova Dimitrina , Wellman Barry
Published: October 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected most organizations’ working environment and productivity. Organizations have had to make arrangements for staff to operate remotely following the implementation of lockdown regulations around the world, as the pandemic has led to restrictions on movement and the temporary closure of workplace premises. The purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of this transition on productivity during the pandemic, by studying a distributed network of research who collaborate remotely. We examine how the productivity of researchers is affected by the distributed collaborative networks in which they are embedded. Our goal is to understand the effects of brokerage and closure on the researchers’ publication rate, which is interpreted as an indicator of their productivity. We analyze researchers’ communication networks, focusing on structural holes and diversity. We take into account the individual qualities of the focal researcher such as seniority. We find that disciplinary diversity among researchers’ peers increases the researchers’ productivity, lending support to the brokerage argument. In addition, we find support for two statistical interaction effects. First, structural holes moderate diversity so that researchers with diverse networks are more productive when their networks also have a less redundant structure. Diversity and structural holes, when combined, further researchers’ productivity. Second, seniority moderates diversity such that senior researchers are more productive than junior researchers in less diverse networks. In more diverse networks, junior researchers perform as well as senior researchers. Social capital and human capital are complementary. We conclude that the benefits of diversity on researchers’ productivity are contingent on the qualities of the researchers and on network structure. The brokerage/closure debate thus needs a more nuanced understanding of causal relationships.
Adaptive time-varying formation tracking for multi-agent systems with input saturation via low-gain feedback approach
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Wu Jie , Zhan Xisheng , Han Tao , Yan Huaicheng
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the time-varying formation tracking problem is addressed for a class of multi-agent systems, in which the input of followers is saturated and the input of the leader is unknown. Based on detectable state and undetectable state, a novel kind of protocols is proposed for solving time-varying formation tracking problem, without using any global information for the agents. Then, using the low-gain feedback approach and the Lyapunov stability theory, we can prove that the protocols steer the followers to accomplish and maintain the expected formation and track the leader under the appropriate assumptions. A numerical simulation is provided to verify the performance and effectiveness of our obtained main results.
When Everyone and No One is a Leader: Constructing individual leadership identities while sustaining an organizational narrative of collective leadership
Authors: Empson Laura , Langley Ann , Sergi Viviane
Published: October 2022

Our paper investigates the dynamic interplay of narratives of individual and collective leadership within a professional service firm, where an organizational narrative of collective leadership prevails. We explain how it is possible for ‘everyone’ to claim a leadership identity for themselves while simultaneously granting a leadership identity to the collective. We identify multiple leadership archetypes embedded in individuals’ identity narratives, representing their differing senses of themselves as leaders and their alignment with the organizational narrative of collective leadership. These archetypes are mutually constitutive, representing centripetal and centrifugal tendencies in relation to the organizational narrative of collective leadership. We show how individuals committed to collective leadership nevertheless construct an individual leader (the Avatar identity archetype) to embody the collective on their behalf, and this enables them to grant leadership to the collective in the abstract. We emphasize the persistent sacralization of leadership in individual and organizational narratives, even in avowedly collectivist contexts, and the value of narrative-based perspectives in highlighting practitioners’ ability to navigate and accommodate the messy coexistence of collective and individual leadership. Our study shows the importance of integrating dialectically the individual and collective dimensions of leadership, emphasizing the mutually constitutive nature of individual and collective leadership narratives.
Motor and somatosensory degenerative myelopathy responsive to pantothenic acid in piglets
Authors: Lorenzett Marina P. , Armién Aníbal G. , Henker Luan C. , Schwertz Claiton I. , Cruz Raquel A. S. , Panziera Welden , de Barros Claudio S. L. , Driemeier David , Pavarini Saulo P.
Published: October 2022

This report describes 2 events of degenerative myelopathy in 4- to 27-day-old piglets, with mortality rates reaching 40%. Sows were fed rations containing low levels of pantothenic acid. Piglets presented with severe depression, weakness, ataxia, and paresis, which were more pronounced in the pelvic limbs. No significant gross lesions were observed. Histologically, there were degeneration and necrosis of neurons in the spinal cord, primarily in the thoracic nucleus in the thoracic and lumbar segments, and motor neurons in nucleus IX of the ventral horn in the cervical and lumbar intumescence. Minimal-to-moderate axonal and myelin degeneration was observed in the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord and in the dorsal and ventral nerve roots. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated depletion of acetylcholine neurotransmitters in motor neurons and accumulation of neurofilaments in the perikaryon of neurons in the thoracic nucleus and motor neurons. Ultrastructurally, the thoracic nucleus neurons and motor neurons showed dissolution of Nissl granulation. The topographical distribution of the lesions indicates damage to the second-order neurons of the spinocerebellar tract, first-order axon cuneocerebellar tract, and dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway as the cause of the conscious and unconscious proprioceptive deficit, and damage to the alpha motor neuron as the cause of the motor deficit. Clinical signs reversed and no new cases occurred after pantothenic acid levels were corrected in the ration, and piglets received parenteral administration of pantothenic acid. This study highlights the important and practical use of detailed neuropathological analysis to refine differential diagnosis.
Pre- and Early Peri-menopausal Physical Function and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S. , El Khoudary Samar R. , Crandall Carolyn J. , Zhang Yanyu , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie A. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Appelhans Bradley M. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Ylitalo Kelly R. , Karavolos Kelly , Kravitz Howard M. , Dugan Sheila A. , Janssen Imke
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To determine whether physical function (PF) before menopause is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods

Participants were N = 2950 pre-/early peri-menopausal women (median age 46, (25th–75th percentile: 43–48 years). Physical function was assessed at baseline using the Physical Function subscale of the SF-36 and scores were trichotomized (no, some, or substantial limitations). Clinical CVD events were ascertained at annual/biennial clinical assessments through the 15th follow-up visit. Risk of CVD was determined with Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Women were followed for a median of 19.1 years, during which 220 women had a CVD event. In fully adjusted models, women with substantial limitations at baseline had higher CVD risk compared to women with no limitations (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.33). Discussion: Substantial PF limitations in pre- and early peri-menopausal women are associated with higher risk of clinical CVD events, consistent with literature in older adults.
Learning Race Theology: Four Recent Encounters
Authors: Chino Taido
Published: October 2022

This article reviews four recently published books which help to deepen one’s understanding of the various ways white Christians (mostly in America) have often unknowingly propagated a form of Christianity that is built on a foundation of ‘whiteness’. While each book is aimed at different audiences, they collectively offer a substantive introduction to the nature of theological discourse around race and the challenges of confronting a racialised Christian mindset. Whether it is Willie Jennings’s unmasking of the white male values of self-sufficiency and mastery in higher education, Miguel De La Torre’s scathing appraisal of the ways white Christians contributed to the spectacle that was the Trump presidency, Esau McCaulley’s demonstration of the valuable insights gained when the biblical text is interpreted by non-whites, or the diverse scholars gathered by Love L. Sechrest, Johnny Ramírez-Johnson and Amos Yong, it is clear that churches (and the theologians who serve them) will need to reckon with what it means to fulfil their calling in a way that faithfully attends to the concerns addressed by people from non-white backgrounds.
The Influence of Board Factors and Gender Diversity on the ESG Disclosure Score: A Study on Indian Companies
Authors: Bhatia Shikha , Marwaha Divya
Published: October 2022

The focus of stakeholders is shifting from the growth of profits and maximizing shareholders’ wealth towards more sustainable growth. The stakeholders are carefully emphasizing various environmental, social and governance issues, such as low carbon economy, climate change adaptation, social impact, transparency in governance etc. This, in turn, is increasing investors’ attention and interest in environment, social and governance (ESG) factors. Many investors are integrating ESG considerations into their mainstream portfolios. This article aims to study the impact of board factors on the ESG disclosure score of Indian listed companies. Using panel data for 327 firms listed on NSE and BSE over 7 years, this study examines the impact of board characteristics on the ESG disclosure score of a firm. We apply two-way fixed effect panel regression for analysis and find that board size and board gender diversity are the two significant factors playing a positive influence on the ESG disclosure score for the sample companies. CEO duality is a consistent factor across all the tested models impacting the ESG disclosure score.
Patient Voices in Hospital Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Groves Patricia S. , Bunch Jacinda L. , Hanrahan Kirsten M. , Sabadosa Kathryn A. , Sharp Brittaney , Williams Janet K.
Published: October 2022

Hospitalized patients and their families may be reluctant to express safety concerns. We aimed to describe safety and quality concerns experienced by hospitalized patients and families and factors and outcomes surrounding decisions about voicing concerns, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 discharged inpatients or family members in a qualitative descriptive design. Some participants reported concern about staff competency or knowledge, communication and coordination, potential treatment errors, or care environment. Factors influencing feeling safe included healthcare team member characteristics, communication and coordination, and safe care expectations. Reasoning for voicing concerns often included personal characteristics. Reasons for not voicing concerns included feeling no action was needed or the concern was low priority. Outcomes for voicing a concern were categorized as resolved, disregarded, and unknown. These findings support the vital importance of open safety communication and trustworthy response to patients and family members who voice concerns.
What Changes Remain? Teacher Perspectives on Changes Made to U.S. Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marshall David T.
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a major disruption to the way schools operated. Schools closed for in-person learning as part of a larger effort to slow the spread of the virus, and several changes were implemented to maintain learning. This paper shares findings from four surveys that explored teacher perceptions and experiences during the pandemic. In each survey, participants were asked about the changes that were being in their schools to accommodate the virus. Findings suggest that changes that persist include increased technology use, changes in the structure of schooling, and the extent to which parental involvement is prioritized.