bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regeneración de convertidores catalíticos usados a partir de desechos de vehículos a gasolina
Authors: Romero Trino Javier , Velasco-Pilliza Oswaldo , Yugcha-Pilamunga Carlos , Quiroz-Erazo Leónidas , Singaña Marco , Donoso Caterine , Sáenz-Palencia Laura , Vizuete Karla , Debut Alexis
Published: October 2021

Se estudiaron dos convertidores catalíticos comerciales de desecho (CCU y CCA) mediante las técnicas de oxidación a temperatura programada (TPO), reducción a temperatura programada (TPR), microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM) y espectroscopia de dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDS). La microscopia electrónica de barrido mostró para los convertidores CCU y CCA una morfología de las partículas en esferas uniformes de 0,05 y 1,5 de µm e irregulares de 2 µm. Los resultados del análisis elemental mediante la técnica de EDS mostraron para el convertidor CCU la presencia de metales nobles como platino, paladio (Pt, Pd) y de hierro (Fe) como fase activa; asimismo, se evidencia óxido de fósforo (P2O4), óxido de cromo (Cr2O3) y óxido de calcio (CaO) como promotores. Por el contrario, el convertidor CCA presentó como fase activa metales nobles de Pt, Pd y Rh y, como promotores óxido de manganeso (MnO2), óxido de bario (BaO), zirconia (ZrO2) y ceria (CeO2). Los resultados de oxidación a temperatura programada (TPO) mostraron mediante el consumo de oxígeno de la formación de las especies oxídicas y el posterior tratamiento de reducción a temperatura programada (TPR) evidenciaron la recuperación de la reducción de las especies metálicas de Pt, Pd, Rh y Fe (fase activa) presentes en los convertidores catalíticos. Este hecho demostró la factibilidad técnica de recuperación de la fase actividad de la superficie metálica reducida en los convertidores catalíticos comerciales usados de desecho, para su reúso en automóviles de combustión interna a gasolina, para mitigar los efectos de contaminación de los gases de emisión.
Un estudio de las propiedades estructurales, magnéticas y eléctricas de los compuestos Ba1-xNaxCoO3(x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75)
Authors: Estrada-Rodriguez Carlos Augusto , Fernandes-Lopes Lutiene , Fernandes-Lopes Rovan , Mesquita Fabiano , Turatti Águeda Maria , Pimentel-Junior Jorge Luiz , Sandoval-Gutierrez Santiago , Parra Vargas Carlos Arturo
Published: October 2021

Cobaltite-like materials having metal-insulator transitions are relevant in the consumer electronics market. In this work, we present the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of Ba1-xNaxCoO3 (with x= 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) cobaltite. All samples were synthesized using a solid-state reaction process. Their crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) data by the Rietveld method, which showed that all the samples were crystallized in the orthorhombic space group C2221 (N.° 20). The microstructure of the sintered samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed a paramagnetic behavior for x≥ 0.5 in the temperature range that was used. Likewise, a broad peak around 33 K in the sample x = 0.25, and characteristic of antiferromagnetic behaviors were observed. On the other hand, resistivity contributed to determining the insulating behavior of samples where x = 0.5 and x = 0.75. In contrast, at low sodium content (x = 0.25), a metal-insulator transition was observed with transition temperature near 105 K.
Influencia de la velocidad en las asas recicladas de polietileno de alta densidad probada con un método adaptado específico industrial
Authors: Romero-Toledo Fidel Alfonso , Teusdea Dan Florin , Vodă Mircea
Published: October 2021

This article studies the influence of the tensile speed when testing plastic products used to transport containers that may contain various liquids (drinking water, windshield fluid, cleaning agents, etc.). This case study was conducted on certain parts, generally called "handles", which are basically plastic items obtained largely from recycled technological waste resulting from the injection process of various packaging related to the food industry polyethylene caps and lids more precisely. During the handling and transport process, these parts are subjected to various static stresses, therefore, a minimum mechanical resistance is required. Fatigue stress has not been performed due to a limited number of duty cycles. To determine these quality characteristics, multiple measurements of tensile strength and elongations were performed at different traction speeds, measurements that have been validated on the market for several years. We have observed that testing speed over 500 mm/min is not necessary because the tensile strength values do not vary significantly. These results are very important in determining the constructive form of these products and the methods for validating quality indicators. Also, we have proposed to identify a method able to assess the mechanical performance of the product used in nonstandard conditions. The study can be used for a much wider range of similar applications in the plastics industry.
Fundamental Frequencies of Elliptical Plates using Static Deflections
Authors: ALTEKİN Murat
Published: October 2021

Fundamental frequencies of solid and annular elliptical plates were approximated using the static deflections by means of finite element method (FEM) without computing the eigenvalues. The problem was formulated within the framework of the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The effects of (i) the inner and outer boundary conditions, (ii) the size of the perforation, (iii) the aspect ratio, and (iv) the thickness of the plate on the performance of the method were examined via a large variety of numerical simulations. Convergence study was performed through h-refinement. Accuracy of the results was validated through comparison studies. The results reveal that the application of the Morley’s formula which does not require eigenvalue analysis approximates the fundamental frequency with finer mesh compared to the eigenvalue analysis. The method can be considered as a practical technique to approximate the fundamental frequency. However, the boundary conditions have dominant role on the accuracy of the solution particularly when the plate is perforated.
Making Love Public: The Paradoxes of Intimacy in Henry James’s The Wings of the Dove
Authors: Majewska Magda
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on the paradoxes pertaining to romantic love in Henry James’ The Wings of the Dove. Drawing on love sociology (Luhmann, Illouz) it explores the ways in which James places the love and courtship of his protagonists Merton Densher and Kate Croy in a complex and shifting relation to the private and the public. As sociologists and cultural historians inform us, “romantic love“—a notion that links love and marriage—emerged only in the late 18th century as an ideal advocated by sentimentalism and romanticism and then gained popularity throughout the 19th century. Its emergence was concomitant with the rise of the middle class, the rise of the novel, and the growing separation of the private and the public spheres. Indeed, as Niklas Luhmann argues in his seminal study Love as Passion, the differentiation of the private or intimate sphere—a sphere defined by personal/intimate relations as opposed to impersonal ones—begins with the cultural codification of love. It was only after love and marriage became linked that marriage gained its status as a private affair and the family came to be regarded as the sphere of privacy. This already suggests a paradox built into the idea of romantic love: while love came to be understood as the most intimate relation between two people and as central for the demarcation of the private sphere, it also needed to be made public in order to remain what it was. This paradox is reflected in one of the major ironies of James’ novel: Kate’s decision neither to publicly acknowledge their relationship nor to conduct it in secret, but rather to appear publicly and act privately as if there was nothing to disavow in the first place, leads to the disintegration of their intimate bond. Suggesting that the performative effects of Kate and Merton’s public actions eventually render their intimate bond nonexistent, James exposes the paradox at the heart of romantic love.
Sustainable development in the contemporary world – determinants
Authors: Gálová Jana , Mravcová Anna
Published: October 2021

The aim of this chapter is to describe various determinants of sustainable development in the contemporary world, including those most important, such as globalisation, climate change, poverty versus unlimited consumption as well as limited exhausted access to resources—with regard to the goals of sustainable development. The other objective is to give the reader essential resources covering the topic from various viewpoints and a starting point for discussions about sustainability.
Marketing campaigns and sustainability issues
Authors: Reshetkova Atanaska
Published: October 2021

The concept of sustainable development has left its footprints on marketing strategy and, today, it has strong impact on the consumer’s mind and behaviour. Globally, consumers are focusing their preferences towards products and brands implementing different innovations to promote sustainability. Marketing managers face the challenge of incorporating the main dimensions of sustainability—environmental, social, and economic, into their strategies. These cases are intended to encourage critical thinking of readers regarding issues related to sustainability marketing strategies and campaigns.
Remote work at international enterprises
Authors: Grabowski Gabriel
Published: October 2021

The aim of the chapter is to initiate discussion on the positive and negative aspects of remote work in Polish branches of international enterprises. In 3 short case studies presented in the text, situations that made organizations’ managements allow their employees work remotely are discussed. In each case, different reasons initiated a decision: plant relocation, hiring a specialist living far from the plant and a threat of pandemic. There is a common opinion on employees in many countries (including Poland) that they are not flexible enough when searching for a job, they expect it to be “round the corner”, whilst it is not only them but also employers that should present a more flexible approach, also in terms of remote working. On the other hand, it must be stressed that such solutions have both advantages and disadvantages and sometimes cannot be available for certain roles in an organisation.
CERAMICS BASED ON ORGANOSILICON POLYMERS-PRECURSORS: MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES (review). Part 2
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Shestakov A.M.
Published: October 2021

Shows the scientific approaches of various authors to the study of the microstructure of ceramics, the purpose of which is to elucidate its structural organization at the micro- and nanoscale, as well as the influence of the microstructure on the complex of material properties. Various instrumental methods for studying ceramics (NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, х-ray structural analysis, etc.) are considered, the permissible capabilities of research methods and analysis of the results obtained with their correct interpretation are shown. The special role of theoretical modeling in understanding the structure of the considered ceramic materials is noted.
FEATURES OF THE MAGNETIC STATE IN AMORPHOUS RE–TM AND RE–TM–B MAGNETS (review)
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Morgunov R.B. , Korolev D.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Valeev R.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Piskorskiy V.P. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: October 2021

Provides an overview of the magnetism features of amorphous magnets of the RE–TM and RE–TM–B alloys (RE – rare earth metal, TM – transition metal, B – boron). Magnetic states in amorphous alloys, the effect of the single-ionic anisotropy of heavy rare-earth metals on local disorder and spin frustrations in an amorphous body, and some spin-reorientation transitions observed in such compounds are presented. It is shown that the identification of the spin-glass state can be achieved by detecting specific features on the field and temperature dependences of the magnetic moment and magnetic susceptibility of the sample.
RESEARCH OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVE DURABILITY OF FUNCTIONAL PAINT COATINGS FOR PROTECTION OF POLIMER COMPOSITE SURFACE
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Silaeva A.A. , Kuznetsova V.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Zheleznyak V.G. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kurshev E.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: October 2021

Adhesion and adhesive durability of functional systems of paint coatings on the basis of epoxy resin primer and polyurethane enamels to surfaces of polymeric composite materials with different geometrical and qualitative characteristics of surface on the basis of the epoxy binding are investigated. It is shown that the significant contribution to durability of coupling of film of paint coating in addition to mechanical forces is brought by also chemical nature of two components of adhesive interaction.
STUDY OF THE SHELF LIFE OF SEALANTS BASED ON LIQUID THIOKOL IN A STRESS-FREE STATE
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Vakhrusheva Ja.A. , Smirnov D.N. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Makushchenko I.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: October 2021

The work carried out studies of the physicomechanical properties of polysulfide sealants of brands of U-30M and UT-31 after thermal, light aging, and the assessment of mushrooms. The data on the resistance of sealants of brands U-30M and UT-31 are investigated and summarized after the impact of accelerated climatic tests and aggressive environments. The optimal time and conditions for the storage of vulcanized sealants in the unattended state and components of sealants in warehouse conditions are determined, as well as the causes of different storage of sealing pastes based on liquid thiocola.
Antimalarial Evaluation of the Chemical Constituents Isolated from Dendrocalamus asper
Authors: WONG Kok Tong , OSMAN Hasnah , PARUMASİVAM Thaigarajan , ABDULLAH Jafri Malin , HASSAN Mohd. Zaheen , MOHAMAD TAİB Mohamad Nurul Azmi
Published: October 2021

Bamboo shoots of Dendrocalamus asper is very important for human health because of its high content of dietary fiber, low sugar, negligible amount of fat, rich in vitamins and minerals. In search of new potential antimalarial agents, the chemical constituents of bamboo shoots were evaluated againts the P. falciparum strain 3D7. One new metabolite, (11E,13E,17E,19E)-dimethyl-15,16-dibutoxytriconta-11,13,17,19-tetraenedioate (1) along with the four known compounds; β-sitosterol (2), methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (3), 1-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)benzene (4) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5) were isolated from the crude extract using chromatographic methods: MPLC, UPLC/MS, analytical and preparative HPLC. Among these, compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed promising antimalarial activity with IC50 between 0.8-2.2 μg/mL. The molecular docking between the most potent compound 3 and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) was done to understand and exploring ligand-receptor interactions and hypothesize the compound's refinements
Fabrication and Characterization of Gelatin/Chitosan Hydrogel Membranes
Authors: VO Thi Sinh , VO Tran Thi Bich Chau , NGUYEN Truong Sinh , TİEN Tran Trung
Published: October 2021

The gelatin/chitosan (GEL/CTS, GC) membranes have been fabricated well by a simple in-situ method. The as-prepared GC membranes were characterized by morphological surface (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), chemical (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR), crystallinity (X-ray diffraction, XRD), thermal (thermal gravimetric analysis, TGA), mechanical (tensile test), hydrophilic (water contact angle), and swelling properties to elucidate the changes in their chemical structures and morphologies. The morphological structure of the GC membranes was found to be very smooth, non-rough and homogeneous. The FT-IR and XRD studies manifest that the GC membranes have good interaction and compatibility between GEL and CTS in the hydrogel mixture. The prepared GC membranes also obtain better thermal, mechanical and swelling properties comparing to the raw CTS molecule. These results suggest that the nontoxic GC membrane can become a preferred hydrogel membrane in the field of wound dressing or tissue-engineering applications.
Are We Living In LA (P)LA Land? Reporting on the Practice of 30 STEM Tutors in their Use of a Learning Analytics Implementation at the Open University
Authors: Olney Tom , Walker Steve , Wood Carlton , Clarke Anactoria
Published: October 2021

Most higher education institutions view their increasing use of learning analytics as having significant potential to improve student academic achievement, retention outcomes, and learning and teaching practice but the realization of this potential remains stubbornly elusive. While there is an abundance of published research on the creation of visualizations, dashboards, and predictive models, there has been little work done to explore the impact of learning analytics on the actual practice of teachers. Through the lens of social informatics (an approach that views the users of technologies as active social actors whose technological practices constitute a wider socio-technical system) this qualitative study reports on an investigation into the practice of 30 tutors in the STEM faculty at Europe’s largest distance learning organization, The Open University UK (OU). When asked to incorporate learning analytics (including predictive learning analytics) contained in the Early Alert Indicator (EAI) dashboard during the 2017–2018 academic year into their practice, we found that tutors interacted with this dashboard in certain unanticipated ways and developed three identifiable “shadow practices”.
Algoritmo de Controle de Potência Reativa para Adequação de Valores de Tensão E Redução de Perdas em Sistemas de Distribuição
Authors: Filho Gilberto Lopes , Franco Ricardo Augusto Pereira , Vieira Flávio Henrique Teles , Medeiros Carlos Augusto Guimarães
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho é apresentado um algoritmo de controle de injeção de potência reativa em uma rede de distribuição elétrica radial com geração distribuída fotovoltaica. O algoritmo proposto tem como objetivo prover um balanço entre regulação de tensão e redução de perdas elétricas. A potência reativa injetada é controlada por meio de inversores de conexão à rede, que conectam seus respectivos geradores fotovoltaicos aos barramentos da rede de distribuição. O desempenho do algoritmo foi avaliado em uma rede elétrica monofásica rural de 100 barras por meio de várias simulações computacionais. Foram utilizados quatro fatores de penetração fotovoltaica na rede, e são apresentados os perfis de tensão em cada barra, assim como as perdas na distribuição. Nos resultados, o algoritmo proposto obteve as menores perdas e o melhor perfil de tensão (mais próximo a 1 pu) nos cenários simulados em comparação com outros algoritmos propostos na literatura.
LOADING ON THE CARRYING STRUCTURE OF A FLAT WAGON IN TRANSPORTATION OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT
Authors: Fomin Oleksij Viktorovich , Vatulia Glib Leonidovich , Lovska Alyona Oleksandrivna
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of determining the loads on the carrying structure of a flat wagon transported military equipment. The authors suggest that stable fixation of military equipment can be provided with special rings mounted on the flat wagon structure. The results of the strength calculation confirmed the efficiency of this solution. The study deals with the mathematical modelling of the dynamic loads on the carrying structure of a flat wagon with a military tank. The research was made for the plane coordinates. The following oscillations were taken into account: longitudinal plane oscillations, jumping oscillations and galloping oscillations. The differential equations were solved by the Runge–Kutta method in MathCad software suite. The maximum accelerations on the carrying structure of a flat wagon in the longitudinal plane were about 34 m/s2, and in the vertical plane were about 5.0 m/s2. Thus, these accelerations values were within the admissible ones.The study also presents the results of the computer modelling of the dynamic loads on the flat wagon. The calculations were made in SolidWorks Simulation (CosmosWorks) software suite with the finite element method. The study presents the distribution fields of the accelerations relative to the carrying structure of a flat wagon and the numerical values of these accelerations.The models of the dynamic loads on the carrying structure of a flat wagon were verified with an F-test. It has been found that the hypothesis on adequacy is not rejected.The study also included determination of the natural frequencies of the carrying structure of a flat wagon. It was found that the values of the natural frequencies were within the permissible values.

This research will contribute to better operation efficiency of the rolling stock with consideration of some military-strategic issues, and will be of help for anyone concerned with development and research into innovative rolling stock structures
CALCULATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEWERAGE COLLECTOR DURING ITS REPAIR AND RESTORATION IN AN OPEN WAY
Authors: Degtyar Yevgenij
Published: October 2021

A significant part of sewerage networks in cities in the country are reinforced concrete pipelines with a diameter of 500 to 1500 mm, which lie at a small depth. In many cases, they transport wastewater to treatment plants through areas free of traffic and pedestrians. These factors allow you to effectively perform repair and restoration work in an open way. Corrosion processes that occur in the surface part of the collectors lead to the destruction of the basement. The tray part of the collectors, which is constantly filled with wastewater, remains intact. As studies have shown, the preserved tray part can be successfully used as a fixed formwork and support element in the restoration of the basement of the collector. In this case, to create a new basement part of the collector, in place of the destroyed, it is advisable to use a monolithic structure of polymer concrete reinforced with composite reinforcement. These works are performed using pneumatic and inventory formwork. To implement the proposed structure, it is necessary to perform a preliminary calculation of its load-bearing capacity, provided that it rests on the preserved tray part. As a result of this work it is possible to receive economy in comparison with use for repair and restoration works of polyethylene and fiberglass pipes of necessary diameter. During the calculation, a model of the collector was considered, consisting of a preserved tray part of the collector made of concrete class C12 / 15, the upper part of the collector made of concrete class C20 / 25. The calculation proved the possibility of using polymer concrete structures for repair and restoration of sewers in an open way, provided that the new basement rests on the preserved tray part. The proposed open method allows to significantly reduce the cost of repair and restoration work in comparison with the use of polyethylene and fiberglass pipes.
SOCIAL ORIENTATION OF ROAD SAFETY IN THE TRANSPORT PROCESS
Authors: Stepanov Oleksii
Published: October 2021

The article considers the problem of social orientation of road safety taking intoaccount the professional reliability of the driver in the transport process. It is shown that road trafficis a certain social process of society in which people's behavior is always determined by the socialenvironment and in which road safety is of paramount importance. It is concluded that in thetransport process, road safety is determined both by the basis of the professional reliability of thedriver and the level of his or her "social adaptation".
Investigation of the formation of cardiac tissue on substrates of varying degrees of anisotropy and rigidity
Authors: Shcherbina S. A. , Shutko A. V. , Nizamieva A. A. , Nikitina A. V. , Slotvitsky M. M. , Tsvelaya V. A. , Agladze K. I.
Published: October 2021

In the last decade,invitroexperiments have shown that mechanical properties of the bases could markedly influence the efficacy of differentiation of the induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cells and their development into the mature phenotype. By changing of mechanical, elastic and structural characteristics of the base, it is possible to increase the percentage of stem cells that differentiate to cardiomyocytes. The study was aimed at evaluation of the effects induced by changing physical characteristics of the base on the formation of phenotypic characteristics of cardiac cells. This included the comparison of structural properties of the cultured layer of heart tissue obtained by changing of elasticity and structure of polymeric bases. The results showed significant differences in calcium activity and structural characteristics of cardiomyocytes depending on the base properties, as well as significant variation in the excitation conduction. As long as conduction abnormalities in the heart tissues can often lead to occurrence of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, the results can be used to determine patient groups at increased risk of death from heart failure.
Evaluating a Self-Determination Model of Physical Activity and Exercise in People With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Wu Jia Rung , Brooks Jessica , Chan Fong , Iwanaga Kanako , Ditchman Nicole , Chan Ada , Lee Beatrice
Published: October 2021

Background

Research evidence supports the assertion that healthy employees are happier and more productive. Employers prefer to hire healthy workers to reduce absenteeism. Rehabilitation counselors have started to explore health promotion interventions to help individuals with chronic health conditions and disability improve their physical and mental health as a strategy to increase their employment opportunities.

Purpose

The present study evaluated a self-determination theory (SDT) model of physical activity and exercise in a sample of 218 individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain using structural equation modeling.

Results

The SDT model fit the data well, accounting for 54% of the variance in physical activity and exercise. Relatedness was significantly associated with autonomous motivation for physical activity and exercise. Autonomous motivation was associated with competency. Competency was associated with physical activity and exercise. Autonomous motivation and competency mediated relatedness and physical activity and exercise.

Implications

This study contributes to an emerging body of theory-informed health promotion literature and identifies the specific pathways that will increase the motivation to engage in physical activity and exercise. Findings can be used to design and validate theory-driven health promotion interventions as an employment strategy for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain receiving vocational rehabilitation services.
Transformation of marriage and fertility in Russia
Authors: Sinelnikov Alexander
Published: October 2021

In Russia, as in other developed countries, the number of registered marriages is de- creasing, and the number of cohabitations and divorces is increasing. Chances of divorced women entering into a new legal and stable marriage are low. Remarriages are no more stable than the first marriages. All this leads to a further decrease in the birth rate.
On the basis of the data from the sample survey of reproductive plans of the population conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service in 2017, the author shows that women in registered marriages have more children by the end of the reproductive age than women in unregistered partnerships. Women who remarried have more children than in the first marriage. But even they have the average number of children significantly less than the minimum required for a simple replacement of generations. Only one in five women of reproductive age, who ended their first marriage, was in legal marriage at the time of the survey. The average number of children of women in unregistered unions is higher than that of never married and divorced women, but less than that of married women. Doubts about the reliability of relationships with unofficial partners lead to postponement of giving birth to children.
The demographic policy in Russia up to 2018 was mainly aimed at stimulating second and subsequent births in existing families, rather than creating new ones. Only in 2018 there were introduced significant benefits for children under the age of one and a half years. However, creation of a family begins not with the birth of a child, but with the entry into a legal marriage. According to the author, it is necessary to encourage registration of marriages.
Material deprivations in poverty estimations
Authors: Korchagina Irina , Prokofieva Lidia , Ter-Akopov Sergey
Published: October 2021

Multivariate poverty measurement methods have been actively developed worldwide in recent years. Such methods include evaluation of limitations to meet basic human needs in terms of housing, clothing, footwear, education, health care, etc. In many countries non-monetary poverty lines are used as official poverty thresholds. But Russia is taking the first steps in this direction. This article presents a poverty assessment in terms of material deprivations, based on the representative survey conducted by Rosstat in 2016. Poverty analysis in terms of material deprivations shows that in Russia the most vulnerable groups are multi-child families and households of the unemployed and pensioners (especially single), as well as families living in rural areas. Such households are characterized by a higher deprivations concentration as well as a higher prevalence of separate deprivations. Measuring poverty in terms of material deprivations cannot replace the monetary poverty evaluation, but it is an important and additional part of poverty assessment. Households of single pensioners have a higher deprivations concentration but they are not poor in terms of absolute income poverty (due to introduction of supplementary pension payments which make their pensions higher than regional poverty thresholds). That means that poverty measurement should consist of a set of different methods that would give a more accurate estimation of poverty and highlight the poorest groups of the population which should be focus of social protection.
Wages and social insurance
Authors: Migranova Lyudmila , Roik Valentin
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of the concepts of wages and payment for work. Their substantive characteristics and legal framework are instruments of legal, agreement-based regulation of population income and social protection in almost any country. In Russia wage rates are determined only from the point of employment period. Neither dependency ratio nor insurance savings on pension benefits are taken into account. In result, the wages and social insurance costs are twice lower than in economically developed countries. Solving the problem of formation of an effective system of wages and payment for work is only possible when considering their purpose — satisfaction of both the current needs of workers and their families, and replacement of the loss by insurance benefits in the amount comparable to wages, when social risks occur. A special place is given to showing the impact of wages on organization of social insurance, and substantiation of wages size with the account of such social risks as illness, unemployment, old age, disability, that are characteristic of people’s life at different stages of labor and post-labor periods. The article presents experience of the regulation of wages and payment for work in Russia and foreign countries. There are highlighted new challenges in this sphere and proposed the ways to formation of institutes of the population labor income on a unified conceptual basis.
Self-preservation behavior as the condition for reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy
Authors: Dmitrieva Yulia
Published: October 2021

The article examines specifics of the impact of behavioral factors on mortality and morbidity. It shows that in the country on the whole the number of deaths exceeded the number of births by 1.2 times in January-August 2018, and in 29 subjects of the Russian Federation by 1.5–1.9 times. It is noted that in the conditions of socio-economic instability the living standards of most population are declining as well as the confidence in the future. This directly affects the psychological tension and the indicators of morbidity and premature mortality. Increase in the incidence of cancer is an important indicator of the seriousness of situation. Every year about 0.5 million Russians are diagnosed with cancer, the cancer mortality rate is around 280000 per year. It has been found that behavioral factor a priori determines life expectancy, and in view of this, the article substantiates the importance of studying self-preservation behavior of the population at the Federal level. It is shown that in Russian society the attitudes of self-destructive behavior of the population are formed, while in order to overcome the negative demographic trends in Russia it is necessary to change the attitude of people to their health with the help of the development of attitudes of self-preservation behavior. The main task of studying the self-preservation behavior of the population is to identify the role of a greater number of heterogeneous factors in determining the really observed life of the population of different regions. At the same time, it is necessary to look not only for the immediate cause, but also for the «causes» associated with a complex of factors. It is concluded, that lack of practical research and measures to improve public health and form a high culture of self-preservation behavior of the population, puts achievement of the goals of the State social and demographic policy at risk. It is proposed to pay a special attention to elaboration of the State strategy for reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy.
Labor market of the Sverdlovsk region: current state and prospects
Authors: Dolzhenko Ruslan , Antonov Dmitry
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to assessing the current state of the labor market in the Sverdlovsk region and its development prospects with the account of the situation in the regional economy. It provides analysis of the regional labor market from 2009 to the present and evaluation of the probable changes in its separate characteristics until 2023. The current problems of the labor market are highlighted. There are outlined the primary tasks that should be solved by the state authorities, municipalities, educational organizations and employers to ensure adequate conditions for effective functioning of the labor market. In order to assess the situation on the labor market a SWOT analysis was carried out, which was based on the results of rapid foresight “Employment in the Urals region”. The analysis showed that in the region there is still a shortage of qualified personnel in more than 70 occupations and specialties, the existing system of vocational education does not fully meet the needs of enterprises for skilled workers and specialists, that aggravates the problems of employment of graduates of educational institutions. Personnel provision of the economy of the Sverdlovsk region is worsened by the territorial imbalance of labor resources and the concentration of demand and supply of labor in certain localities. The directions for minimizing the problems in the region’s labor market in the medium term are proposed. They are related to bringing the educational services market in line with the current and future needs of the regional labor market, developing the materal and technical base of professional educational organizations in the Sverdlovsk region, and raising the efficiency of vocational guidance for young people. There are also formulated recommendations for development of dual education in the region, which will increase the efficiency of training on the order of employers.
The role of rehabilitation and educational institutions in vocational training and employment of people with disabilities
Authors: Yarasheva Aziza , Alexandrova Olga , Makar Svetlana
Published: October 2021

The article presents some results of a comprehensive sociological research carried out in Moscow in 2018, the purpose of which was to identify the main problems facing people with disabilities (with various types of persistent disorders of body functions) in the capital’s labor market. On the basis of a series of in-depth structured interviews with experts from institutions related to the training and employment of people with disabilities, conclusions were drawn about the features of the selection of vacancies and the problems of adaptation of people with disabilities in the Moscow labor market. The interest of employers in the organization of jobs for persons with disabilities is considered as one of the key issues. One of the issues discussed is the choice between the expediency of creating jobs in the framework of specialized enterprises of the disabled and their integration into the work of ordinary enterprises. Approaches to this issue in different countries have their own characteristics and are determined by the attitude in society towards a person in general and towards a disabled person in particular. The problem of the perception of persons with disabilities in educational institutions and working collectives is considered, and the specific of adaptation of persons with disabilities to digital economy are discussed. There are highlighted the features inherent to social appearance of people with disabilities, as potential employees, as well as the influence of the immediate environment, a kind of ecosystem of a disabled person, on his motivation to work. The social profile of disabled person outlines five key positions in terms of both internal attitudes and environmental conditions affecting employment. In modern conditions of digitalization of the economy, the issues of adaptation of disabled people to its specific features are considered. The authors highlight the role of rehabilitation and special educational institutions in Moscow in preparation of persons with disabilities to their work activities, the ability to present themselves in the selection of a suitable vacancy and the expansion of opportunities to implement their work plans.
Innovative Practices Of Socially Oriented Non-Profit Organizations On Family And Children's Affairs In Russia
Authors: Grozdilov S. , Katayeva V. , Fomichyova T.
Published: October 2021

The activities of non-governmental non-profit organizations in the Russian Federation. The work of socially-oriented non-governmental non-profit organizations with families and children is considered in more detail. The statistical data of the Ministry of Justice for the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation are taken as a basis. The Object of the Study. Socially-oriented non-governmental non-profit organizations with families and children registered in the territory of the Russian Federation. The Subject of the Study. Innovative practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations for family and children in Russia. The Purpose of the Study is reviewing innovative practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations for family and children in Russia. The Theoretical Aspect of the subject is studing conceptual approaches to the study of the activities of socially-oriented non-state non-profit organizations with families and children in theoretical sociology. The Empirical Aspect of the Subject is studing innovative practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations for family and children in Russia for empirical measurements.The Main Theoretical Provisions of the Article are practices of socially-oriented non-profit organizations as a functional aspect of studying the activities of these organizations in Russia. The role of the non-profit sector in the development of the country's economy is revealed. Programs of state support for socially-oriented non-profit organizations are analyzed. The subjects of the Russian Federation are singled out - the leaders in terms of the number of non-profit organizations and the number of NGOs working with families and children. The article describes and classifies the areas of activity of non-profit organizations for working with families and children, and innovative models of this kind of activity are identified. As a result of the analysis, a number of systemic problems are highlighted that can hamper the development of socially-oriented non-profit organizations aimed at supporting families and children. When working on this research specific methods of document analysis were used: traditional (primary) document analysis as well as secondary, comparative analysis. Thus, a "triangular approach" is applied to research innovative practices of socially oriented non-profit organizations.
Poverty of Families with Children: Problems of Definition and Measurement, Regional Characteristics
Authors: Yelizarov V. , Sinitsa A.
Published: October 2021

The Object of the Study. Families with children.The Subject of the Study. The poverty of families with children.The Purpose of the Study. Studying of the characteristics and the ability to measure the poverty level of families with children, at the regional level in particular.The Main Provisions of the Article. The article deals with devoted to the methodological aspects of the poverty of families with children and the peculiarities of its study in recent decades. The standard of living of families and the poverty of families with children have traditionally been considered as socioeconomic problems, and therefore the tasks of reducing poverty and cutting the income deficit have been formulated as tasks within the framework of social policy, taking into account the constraints imposed by resource opportunities. At the same time, in demography and the economics of the family, the standard of living of families has always been considered as one of the important factors in the formation of the family and the fertility, affecting the number of children in the family, births postponing and giving up subsequent births, and family stability. The article justifies the urgency of the poverty of families with children reducing problem, since this category of families currently stands at approximately 60% of all poor families in Russia. Existing definitions of poverty and approaches to its measurement, indicators of poverty dynamics, sources and types of statistical data available to researchers for poverty analysis at the regional level are considered, and three types of effects have been determined: economic effect (growth of purchasing power of families with children, expansion of opportunities for combining work with the family life, incentives for the development of relevant sectors that produce goods and services for families with children); social effect (reduction of social and gender inequality, increasing of starting opportunities for development of children in families with low income) and demographic effect (allowing more families to plan children's births freely and responsibly, realizing their desire to have several children, slowing down the forthcoming birth rate decline, enabling to raise more healthy and educated children).
New Technologies and Their Impact on the Labour Market
Authors: Odegov Yu. , Pavlova V.
Published: October 2021

The Object of the Study. Russian and foreign studies of the impact of the new technological 6 SPECIFICATIONS on the labour market.The Subject of the Study. The main trends of employment changes in the conditions of technological changes.The Purpose of the Study. Analyzing and generalizing scientific research of changes in employment in the conditions of transition to the technology of the 6th TU and determining the vector of professional and qualification changes caused by this transition.The Main Provisions of the Article. The analysis of foreign and Russian studies in terms of the impact of technological innovations on the professional and qualification composition of the workforce. It is determined that the specifics of the Russian labour market is characterized by the diversity of the technologies used which directly affects the employment of the labour force increasing the degree of its instability. The main directions of providing high-quality labour force to the breakthrough directions of technological development of the country are determined.
Flexible Employment: the Way to Chaos or the New Model of the Labour Markets Stability
Authors: Bobkov V.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with searching a reply to whether a flexible (non-standart) employment leads to global chaos in the sphere of employment or to a new model of the labour market stabilityThe Object of the Study: workers grouped together in five employment structures according to the contract terms.The Subject of the Study. The theoretic aspect of the subject reveals the labour relations in standard and non-standard forms of employment. The empiric aspect of the subject of the study describes the peculiarities of employment in selecting workers according to gender, age, residence (in federal okrugs) and status in the sphere of labour, proportional general totality of workers according to general totality of workers according for the Rosstat data.The Purpose of the Study is taking Russian economy as an example to give common and specific characteristics of current employment relations in various structures and suggest the ways for regulating it in the interest of labour, capital and the state. The main theoretic aspects of the article show favorable opportunities for the growth and realizing the labour and business potential of workers as a result of increasing the flexibility of employment. Besides, they characterize the problems in consequence of the fact of losing labour and social guarantees of workers.The Main Empiric Aspects of the Article defines the structures of employed workers, differentiated according to the combination of standard and non-standard forms of their employment.The Results of the Study are focused on working out proposals for realizing the positive potential of flexible employment and reducing its negative consequences.