bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substitution of Krill meal for Fish Meal in Feed for Russian Sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Authors: Xi ong-tao , Huang Hong-liang , Lu Jian-xue , Gao Lu-jiao , Huang Yan-qing , Gong Yang-yang
Published: February 2021

Krill meal (KM) is a potential feed ingredient that can replace fish meal (FM) in aquaculture. To better understand the efficacy of krill meal, a 200-day feeding trial was conducted with Russian sturgeons (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Four extruded diets in which KM replaced 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of FM in the formulation were fed to 481 g sturgeons for 200 d. Russian sturgeons that were fed diets containing KM grew as fast as or even better than fish fed with FM control diet. No differences were observed in terms of dorsal muscle composition in the fish fed with diets including KM and those fed with FM control diet. Meanwhile, the fluoride concentrations in the dorsal muscle, liver, and kidney, as well as swim bladder in all dietary groups were below detectable limit. In the gills, skin, vertebral bone and dorsal scutes, the fluoride content from the KM groups progressively increased with dietary fluoride concentration. In conclusion, KM can partially substitute for FM in the diets of Russian sturgeon without affecting normal growth performance.
Effects of Supplemental Nucleotides, Taurine, and Squid Liver Paste on Feed Intake, Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Juvenile GIFT Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Fed Low Fishmeal Diets
Authors: Pan Qing , Li Yongjuan , Wang Guoxia , Zhao Hongxia , Cao Junming , Huang Yanhua , Zou Qing
Published: February 2021

This 8 week feeding trial evaluated the effects of three feeding stimulants (FS) on feed intake, growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical parameters, and digestive enzyme activities for juvenile GIFT tilapia fed low fishmeal diets. Four test diets were supplemented with 0, 16 g/kg taurine (Tau), 0.4 g/kg mixed nucleotides (Mix-NT), and 30 g/kg squid liver paste (SQLP) respectively, and fed to juvenile GIFT strain of Oreochromis niloticus (3.34±0.01 g). The results showed that feed intake (FI) significantly increased with SQLP. Specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed SQLP or Mix-NT diet was significantly higher than that of the Tau and control group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) ranged from 1.34 in the group fed Mix-NT to 1.50 in the group fed Tau, with no significant differences compared to the control group. Three feeding stimulants had no significant influence on whole body composition of tilapia. Fish fed Mix-NT diet showed significantly higher intestinal protease activity and intestinal amylase activity than that of other groups. High-density lipoprotein content in serum was significantly higher in fish fed SQLP diet than that of other groups. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.4 g/kg mixed nucleotides or 30 g/kg squid liver paste in low fishmeal diets could provide better growth performance for juvenile tilapia, and SQLP could act as an effective FS under these conditions. Supplementation of Mix-NT could reduce the FCR in these fish.
Characterization of the Embryonic and Larval Development of Wild Pike-Barb (Luciobarbus esocinus) Biological Parameters, and the Possibility of Breeding
Authors: Demirsoy Ali , Akbulut Aydın , Özgür Mustafa Erkan
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to obtain preliminary data on the possibility of breeding this species through artificial insemination and to determine the incubation period at different temperatures (°C) of hatchery water [20 (A1), 22 (A2), 25 (A3) and 26 (A4); (±1)] and to determine the morphological and larval growth parameters of L. esocinus. The blastoderm formed an embryonic shield 43 h (A1 and A2) and 36 h (A3 and A4) after insemination. The eggs hatched after 113 h (A1 and A2) and 61.5 h (A3 and A4) after insemination, and new larvae were observed. Exposing the newly fertilized eggs to various temperatures during the incubation period resulted in significantly longer duration of embryo formation, egg hatching and yolk sac consumption (h) at 20°C and 22°C than at 25°C and 26°C (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between eggs exposed to 20°C and 22°C and those exposed to 25°C and 26°C (P > 0.05). However, significant differences in day-degree of hatching were observed among all the groups (P < 0.05).
Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Growth, Feed utilization and Body Composition of Skin Carp Hemibarbus labeo
Authors: Jing JIN , Qing-Min DAI , Jun LU , Ze-Hui HU , Yao-Ping LV
Published: February 2021

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth, feed utilization, and body composition of skin carp Hemibarbus labeo. Ten experimental diets with five levels of crude protein (CP) and two levels of crude lipid (CL) were designated as 32%, 36%, 40%, 44%, 48% and 18 MJ/kg,19.5MJ/kg, respectively. Final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR) increased, whereas the feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased, with increasing dietary protein level from 32% to 48%. Fish fed the diets containing 44% CP and CL providing 19.5MJ/kg exhibited higher FBW and WGR, but lower FI and FCR. At the end of the feeding trial, the intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPFR) decreased with the increase of CP levels. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in the carcass composition of fish fed different levels of CP and CL. No noticeable trend was observed for moisture and ash in the carcass. The optimum CP and CL level were found to be 44% and 19.5MJ/kg respectively for skin carp reared in net cages.
Effects of Partial Replacement of Fish Meal by Fermented Copra Meal on the Growth and Feed Efficiency in Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon
Authors: Calpe Adelaida T. , Corre Valeriano L. Jr. , Cadiz Rowena E. , Andrino-Felarca Karen Grace S. , Apines-Amar Mary Jane S.
Published: February 2021

The potential of fermented copra meal (FCM) as an alternative to fish meal as a protein source for tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon practical diet was evaluated. Five isonitrogenous (41% crude protein) diets with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% fish meal protein replaced with protein from FCM were formulated. P. monodon (average weight 0.38 ± 0.02 g) were distributed in 100 L capacity fiberglass tanks at 20 shrimp each. The diets were fed 4 times daily for 9 weeks initially at 15% of the shrimp ABW and reduced to 8%. The experiment was conducted in triplicate in a flow-through culture system. The parameters examined include growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, whole body nutrient composition, protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein productive value (PPV) as a measure of protein retention. After the feeding trial, results demonstrated that regardless of the FCM replacement level in the diet, no significant differences were observed in all the parameters (growth, FCR, survival, whole body nutrient composition, PER and PPV) measured. Thus, fermented copra meal can be used as alternative protein source and can replace up to 40% of the fish meal protein in black tiger shrimp practical diet.
Effect of Ammonia Exposure on the Non-Specific Immunity of Fresh Water Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii
Authors: Liu W , Yuan M , Wang W , Sun Y , Luo Y , Liu L , Yang P , Xia H
Published: February 2021

Ammonia-N, the principal end-product of protein catabolism, is an important environmental toxic factor in ponds. Elevated environmental ammonia-N is very toxic to aquatic animals and has a deleterious effect on their immune system. However, its effect on their immune system remains unclear. In this study, the effects of ammonia-N (0, 5, 10 and 30 mg/L) on immune responses of Fresh Water Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii were determined. When exposed to 5 mg/L ammonia-N lysozyme activity increased significantly. Superoxide dismutase activity was highest in the 5 mg/L group followed by the 10 mg/L group. The marked decrease of Lysozyme activity of Fresh Water Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii in 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L ammonia-N groups suggests that the higher concentrations of ammonia-N reduces or inhibits their non-specific immunity. Compared to the control group, superoxide dismutase activity in 30 mg/L ammonia also decreased significantly. When exposed to 5mg/L ammonia-N, catalase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity enhanced. In the 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L group, ammonia-N decreased significantly The lysozyme, catalase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity showed a similar tendency. This suggests that in H. cumingii immunostimulatory response is enhanced at low ammoniaN concentrations. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention in the freshwater pearl mussel.
Advances in Intestinal Mucosal Immunoglobulins of Teleost Fish (Review)
Authors: Luo Y , Liu L. , Yang P , Xia H , Zhao J , Chen N , Wang W , Sun Y
Published: February 2021

Immunoglobulins are globulins with antibody activity or antibody-like structures, and fish were the first vertebrates to develop immunoglobulins. There are three major types of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD and IgZ) in teleost fish, which play an important role in resisting pathogen infection. For fish, the intestinal tract is not only the place for nutrient digestion but also the largest endocrine organ. The intestinal mucosal barrier system can block pathogenic microorganisms and toxins and is important for immunologic defense. Therefore, the study of the molecular mechanism of fish immunoglobulin in intestinal mucosa is of great significance to the selection of immune prevention strategies for fish diseases. At present, information on the immune system of intestinal mucosa in fish is scarce, and there are still many problems in the function of newly identified antibodies, which need further research. In this study, we have summarized current knowledge about the types, gene structure, biological function, and immune response of immunoglobulins in teleost fish, and intestinal mucosal immune tissue of fish. The scientific questions in this field were also presented according to the progress from the latest research in fish immunology. The aim of present study is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of fish immunology.
The Effect of Dehulling and Extrusion of Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Seeds on Digestibility and Antinutrients, in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Diets
Authors: Cordero-Ramírez JD , Gutiérrez-Dorado R , Ruiz-Velazco JM , Cuevas-Rodríguez BL , Pacheco-Vega JM , Zavala-Leal OI , Díaz-Vázquez IE
Published: February 2021

In the present study, the effect of dehulling and extrusion of Jackfruit seeds Artocarpus heterophyllus, and apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein was evaluated in feeds for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. For the digestibility bioassay, organisms with an average weight of 12.6 ± 3.1 g were used. The evaluation of the digestibility coefficient in vivo was determined by using the indirect method of chromium oxide as a marker. The dehulled Jackfruit seeds caused a significant increase in protein and lipids, and a significant decrease in fiber and ash respectively. The extrusion process did not significantly affect protein, fiber, ash, and carbohydrate content of the extruded flour, but caused a significant decrease in the lipid content of Jackfruit seeds. The results indicate that the extrusion process caused a significant decrease in the content of phytic acid, tannins, trypsin inhibitors, and saponins. In relation to trypsin inhibitors, dehulling did not have a significant effect. On the other hand, the combination of the extrusion and dehulling process allowed a significant decrease of phytic acid and tannins, while the dehulled of seeds did not have a significant effect on the phytic acid content. The combination of the dehulled and extrusion process caused a significant decrease in trypsin inhibitors and saponins with respect to raw Jackfruit seeds. The combination of the extrusion and dehulling process caused a significant increase in ADM of diets prepared with 30% of Jackfruit flours. The combination of the process of extrusion and dehulling of Jackfruit seeds allowed a significant increase in ADP compared to the unprocessed seeds. We conclude that dehulled and extruded Jackfruit flours represent a potential low cost, highly available alternative to replace fishmeal in the production of food for tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.
Comparative Analysis of Immune Function of Three Wild Mandarin Fish Populations in Yuanjiang River Basin
Authors: Zhou Y , Chen N , Wang W , Luo Y , Yang P , Liu L , Xia H
Published: February 2021

Mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) is a unique species in East Asia and has very important ecological and economic value. There are significant differences in immune function between different populations of Mandarin fish. However, up to now, the comparative study of immune indices of different populations of wild mandarin fish has been scarce. In the present study, the transcription level of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and blood serum immunologically related enzyme activity of three wild Mandarin fish populations from Wuqiangxi reservoir, Lingjintan reservoir, and Taoyuan reservoir of Yuanjiang river basin were detected. In head kidney, spleen and in the liver of Mandarin fish, the transcription level of IgM was highest in Taoyuan reservoir followed by Lingjintan reservoir, and was lowest in Wuqiangxi reservoir. The catalase activity of Mandarin fish was highest in Taoyuan reservoir followed by Wuqiangxi reservoir, and was lowest in Lingjintan reservoir. Total number of white blood cells, lysozyme activity, acid phosphatase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity of Mandarin fish were in line with immunoglobulin M gene expression, which were highest in Taoyuan reservoir followed by Lingjintan reservoir, and lowest in Wuqiangxi reservoir. This indicated that the immune function of Mandarin fish from Taoyuan reservoir was strongest, and these fish had the greatest resistance to harmful invaders such as parasite, bacteria, and virus compared to Lingjintan reservoir group and Wuqiangxi reservoir group. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for disease-resistant breeding and germplasm optimization in mandarin fish breeding production, and may be valuable in future research
Effects of Dietary Corn Gluten Meal on Growth, Immunity, Enzyme Activity, and Protein Metabolism in Relation to TOR Gene Expression in Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Ping W , Jian F , Yudong L , Jiaojiao H , Jun H
Published: February 2021

A series of six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated by replacing 0% (control), 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% of fish meal (FM) with corn gluten meal (CGM), including 40% FM. In addition, all diets were supplemented with crystalline amino including lysine and methionine in all diets except the control. Results showed that there were no significant effects on survival, weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all dietary diet groups (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences (P > 0.05) among all diets in the serum immune enzyme, Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP), Lysozyme (LYZ) and Complement 3 (C3), but in Complement 4 (C4), there was a significantly higher content in C75 compared with the other diets (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in alpha-amylase activities of digestive enzymes in hindgut among the dietary treatments (P > 0.05), while the activities of lipase were significantly lower in C0 than in the other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in trypsin activity in fish fed the C15, and C75 diets than the control group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among all the diets in aspartate amino transferase (AST), but in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) the activities of C75 diet were significantly lower compared with the other diets (P < 0.05). mRNA expression levels of target of rapamycin (TOR) in dietary groups were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), however, there were no significant differences in C15 to C75 groups (P > 0.05). Results of the present study suggested that CGM could substitute up to 75% of FM without influencing the growth of juvenile Larimichthys Crocea.
PERAN DINAS PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN SERANG DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN PROGRAM WAJIB BELAJAR 9 (SEMBILAN) TAHUN UNTUK MEMENUHI HAK BELAJAR ANAK
Authors: Sa'adiyyah Ade Millatus , Kulsum Siti
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the role of the Serang Regency Education Office in implementing the 9 (nine) year compulsory education program in Serang Banten Regency, to determine the obstacles faced by the Serang Regency Education Office in implementing the 9 (nine) year compulsory education program to fulfill their rights. learning children, and to find out the efforts made by the Serang District Education Office. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method with depiction of facts, data in the form of language expressions and appropriate and systematic interviews. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Serang Dalan district education office in implementing the 9 (nine) year compulsory education program to fulfill children's learning rights has carried out its main duties and functions, namely carrying out regional government affairs in the education sector. So it can be said that the role of the Serang District Education Office is very important in implementing the 9 (nine) year compulsory education program to fulfill children's learning rights.

 Keywords: Serang District Education Office, 9 (nine) years compulsory education, children's education right. program, fulfilling children's learning rights.
METODE EXTREME PROGRAMMING PADA APLIKASI PENDATAAN WARGA BERBASIS ANDROID MENGUNAKAN APP INVENTOR (STUDI KASUS: BTN GRIYA AMBAN PANTAI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI)
Authors: Yuliawan Kristia
Published: February 2021

BTN Griya Amban Pantai consists of 54 families who are in the Amban district, Manokwari Regency. In carrying out data collection and recording of residents 'data, the household administrators are still doing it manually, where the household administrators carry out data collection by recording resident data using a form filled out by residents by visiting residents' homes. After the form is filled in, data recording is carried out using a notebook. The problem in carrying out the manual process of data collection and data recording of residents is that when officers come to the residents' houses, often the head of the family or family members is not at home so that the the householdmanagement cannot carry out data collection and data recording. To solve this problem, an Android-based data collection and data recording application is needed using the App Inventor application. The method used in making community data collection and data recording applications uses the extreme programming method where this method can develop applications that are more efficient, flexible, low risk and quick to solve. With this android application, it can simplify the performance of the management of the BTN Griya Amban the household in carrying out data collection and data recording without the need to visit residents' homes to collect and record data. The method used in testing this application is to use the blackbox method where testing is carried out focusing on the functional specifications of the software that has been made.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI E-VOTING KETUA OSIS DI SMA PGRI 1 KOTA SERANG
Authors: Amiruddin Dadang , Ruhiawati Irma Yunita , Murnati Murnati
Published: February 2021

The purpose of design is to develop an e-voting application for election of student council (OSIS) chairman in SMA PGRI 1 Kota Serang. The application will help optimize the process of selecting OSIS chairman through website-based e-voting so as to minimize the risk of errors in calculation of voting results due to human errors. The application design used Waterfall method so that it is easier to develop and use UML (Unified Modeling Language) for visual system modeling. This applicatio.n is developed using PHP programming language, MySQL database and CodeIgniter framework. The process of selecting OSIS chairman is carried out through the application by accessing the URL link and logging in with National Student ID Number (NISN) as the username and password, it will be given by OSIS coach at the time of election. Vote process by clicking the vote button, the number of voting votes that have been given will enter the voting results menu. If the student has already voted, the vote button will be hidden so that students cannot vote twice. This application also applies the Naïve Bayes algorithm to the e-voting application of OSIS chairman, using the probability formula, which is the number of students who choose candidates divided by all students per class. The voting results are obtained from the number of votes of voters who have voted. With the e-voting application, election of OSIS chairman becomes more effective and efficient than conventional or manual voting using paper.
ARSITEKTUR CONTAINER DOCKER PADA APLIKASI EXPERT ASSIST DENGAN TEKNOLOGI NODE.JS, EXPRESS FRAMEWORK & CLOUD DATABASE NoSQL MONGODB ATLAS
Authors: Sutanto Sutanto , Gunawan Waliadi , Faeshal Faeshal
Published: February 2021

In  the  world  of  software  development,  the crusial  thing  we  must  do  is  design  the architecture. We can said the system is good if it has a good architecture too, because the system architecture will affect the performance of applications itself, from the architecture we can also read what technology is used until security aspect.  The main problems that i want to solve are two things, first the problem in the process of software development which will be solve by implementing Docker container architecture & Node.JS and second problems is in society that will be solve by the Expert Assist application. In the case of software development the problems is often when developing applications the architecture is not  scalable,  conflicts between  applications in  the  system,  services  that  are  still centralized, application portability issues, security optimization problems and different environments between the development and production server that will affect developer productivity, problems about not independent and robustless app, resource efficiency and the problem with blocking code that appear in server side conventional programming languages. The problem in society is the difficulty to finding a mentor who can help us to solve the problems we have, that is why Expert Assist application was made.   Expert Assist is a web based online platform that will help all people in various fields to finding a mentor who is an expert in his field because not all problems can be solved by independent research or self-taught, if the problem is very complex we need someone who can help us to provide advice in order to solve our problem.
Penciptaan Alkitabiah dan Evolusi: Berbagai Upaya untuk Merekonsiliasi Keduanya
Authors: Verdianto Yohanes
Published: February 2021

Since Charles Darwin wrote his book on the theory of human evolution in 1859, the paradigm of Christians and even Christian theologians have partially endorsed it or at least tried to reconcile ideas about biblical creation and the theory of evolution. Attempts have been made in literary form by Christian theologians who strongly believe in the Bible but at the same time believe in evolution, in their effort to reconcile both. This paper attempts to examine the writings of several theologians on evolution and biblical creation, and then provide rebuttals regarding the views of those who try to reconcile six-day biblical creation with the millions of years of evolutionary theory, but override the authority of Scripture. The expected result in this paper is that the biblical authority and its validity in the story of God’s creation during the six days is literal and cannot be reconciled with the theory of evolution. This paper using a documentary research method, in which the primary resources are the theologians who believe in God and simultaneously believe in the theory of evolution. Secondary resources are needed as a comparison and provide input in connection with this research. AbstrakSejak Charles Darwin menulis bukunya tentang teori evolusi manusia pada tahun 1859, paradigma orang Kristen dan bahkan para teolog Kristen pun sebagian telah mendukungnya atau setidaknya mencoba menyelaraskan ide tentang penciptaan alkitabiah dan teori evolusi. Berbagai upaya telah dibuat dalam bentuk literatur oleh para teolog Kristen yang sangat memercayai Alkitab tapi di saat yang sama juga memercayai evolusi, dalam upaya mereka untuk menyelaraskan keduanya. Makalah ini mencoba untuk menelaah tulisan beberapa teolog sehubungan dengan hal tersebut dan memberikan sanggahan sehubungan dengan pandangan mereka yang mencoba menyelaraskan penciptaan alkitabiah selama enam hari dengan teori evolusi yang berlangsung jutaan tahun, namun dengan mengesampingkan otoritas Kitab Suci. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam makalah ini bahwa otoritas Alkitab dan keabsahannya dalam kisah penciptaan Allah selama enam hari literal adalah benar dan tidak dapat diselaraskan dengan teori evolusi. Makalah ini menggunakan metode studi literatur, di mana sumber utama adalah tulisan para teolog yang memercayai Allah dan secara bersamaan memercayai teori evolusi. Sumber sekunder diperlukan sebagai pembanding dan memberikan masukan sehubungan dengan penelitian ini.
Seven plus initiative: the way forward to stem Dengue
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Job Sheen
Published: February 2021

The vector-borne disease has been a public health challenge in the country since long. The menace of dengue, every rainy season only draws attention towards the need for community participation to combat this problem. Dengue has come out to be a social problem which mostly depends upon the environment and habitation of humans. The overwhelming concern over the increasing burden and its dire consequences, a multidisciplinary team was constituted which comprised of local leaders, ASHA, ANM and NGOs, destined to encourage community participation for dengue prevention. A seven-plus initiative was started by this multidisciplinary team which aims to mitigate the larva life cycle of dengue from the breeding site in seven days. This initiative was completely based on active surveillance of breeding sites, tracking fever cases and active implementation of source reduction measures coupled with insecticide spray.
Retirement Funds Rivalry, Voluntary Withdrawal of Membership, and Transfer of Assets During the Period of Employment
Authors: Marumoagae Clement
Published: February 2021

In Municipal Employees Pension Fund v Natal Joint Municipal Pension Fund (Superannuation) & others [2016] 4 All SA 761 (SCA) para 2, Theron JA described the competition for members by different retirement funds associated with the same employer as a ‘turf war’. The Office of the Pension Funds Adjudicator and the South African courts are continually required to adjudicate disputes that arise when retirement funds wrestle each other for members. This article shows that the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956 does not provide the necessary legal framework that can assist courts to resolve these disputes, which usually turn on the interpretation of individual retirement funds’ rules that are often ambiguous. Further, there is no legislative provision that adequately deals with the circumstances where actively employed members voluntarily initiate a process that will lead to their fund credits being transferred to rival retirement funds. It argues that there is a need for legislative clarity on how voluntary transfer of fund credits impact on the membership of retirement funds, particularly given the fact that, strictly speaking, members cannot be transferred from one fund to the next, whereas their fund credits can, in terms of section 14 of the PFA. Since members cannot be transferred, this article evaluates whether it is sound in law for actively employed employees to remain members of one fund but contribute to a rival fund.
The Role and Nature of the Public Interest in South African Competition Law
Authors: du Plessis Quentin
Published: February 2021

The Competition Act 89 of 1998 requires consideration of the ‘public interest’ when considering mergers. Whereas public interest considerations are generally assumed not to be cognisable in competition terms, in this article I argue the opposite. Specifically, I argue that if the underlying policy goal of the Act is accepted to be economic efficiency as opposed to allocative efficiency, and if ‘public interest’ as it is used in the Act is understood to be concerned mainly with the reduction of inequality, then it follows that the public interest is cognisable in competition terms, since inequality hurts economic efficiency.
Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la intención de emprender. Caso: Universidad de Guadalajara, México
Authors: Contreras Cueva Angélica , Macías Álvarez Pamela
Published: February 2021

La contribución del emprendimiento a la generación de empleo y al crecimiento económico involucra necesariamente a la educación, razón por la que las universidades se están transformando del enfoque tradicional a universidades emprendedoras. La Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG) no es ajena a esto, y sus cambios e impacto deben evaluarse en este sentido, el objetivo fundamental de este estudio es identificar como perciben los alumnos del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas de la UdeG (CUCEA-UdeG) la intención emprendedora, la teoría que respalda este estudio es la del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) Ajzen (1985), y el instrumento para la obtención de datos es el Cuestionario Intención Empresarial (EIQ) Liñan y Chen (2006). Para el análisis se utilizaron una muestra de 694 alumnos, los resultados se estimaron con los modelos factorial confirmatorio y ecuaciones estructurales. Encontramos que la actitud y los aspectos de control, influyen positivamente para el emprendimiento, demostrando que los estudiantes del CUCEA-UdeG son potenciales emprendedores una vez concluido sus estudios. Se encontró que el conocimiento respalda la actitud emprendedora y que la opinión del entorno más cercano empodera al alumno a emprender.
El mecanismo de obras por impuestos y la responsabilidad social empresarial en el Perú
Authors: Montesinos León Nataly , Morales Alvarado Lorenza
Published: February 2021

La sociedad hoy en día exige la participación de los entes que interactúan en la economía, entre ellos el Estado, las instituciones no gubernamentales y las empresas privadas, en aras del desarrollo sostenible, con dicho fin, se vienen desarrollando iniciativas con el objetivo de incentivar a que los actores dentro la sociedad obren con responsabilidad social empresarial. En este sentido, en el presente trabajo, se efectúa un análisis de la génesis del concepto “responsabilidad social empresarial”, revisando su naturaleza y alcances, recurriendo para ello a autores emblemáticos en la materia como Carroll (1991) y Bowen (1953), asimismo, y se hace un repaso de la normativa del mecanismo de Obras por Impuestos, sus procedimientos, requisitos y resultados de su aplicación en el Perú en los últimos 10 años, habiendo aplicado para ello un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo no experimental. El objetivo del presente artículo, es sustentar la premisa de que la conceptualización de la responsabilidad social empresarial no se identifica con las acciones efectuadas por las empresas a través la aplicación del mecanismo de obras por impuestos, en tanto que el concepto de la responsabilidad social empresarial implica un accionar que va más allá del cumplimiento de las leyes, teniendo implícito un componente filantrópico expresado a través de actos voluntarios y no impositivos; para ello se analiza el concepto de responsabilidad social empresarial, la normativa aplicable al mecanismo de obras por impuestos y los resultados obtenidos por la participación de las empresas.
Estrategias de enseñanza virtual utilizadas con los alumnos de educación superior para un aprendizaje significativo
Authors: Moncini Marrufo Renata , Pirela Espina William
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo proponer estrategias de enseñanza virtual a ser utilizados con los alumnos de Educación Superior para un Aprendizaje Significativo; donde la revisión bibliográfica estuvo dirigida a autores destacados en el área tales como: Ausubel (1963), Moreira y Masini (1982), Berge, Collins, y Dougherty (2000), entre otros. Siendo una investigación bajo una metodología documental, con un diseño bibliográfico puro, en la cual la recolección de la información se llevó a cabo a través de la técnica de observación documental. Finalmente, se proponen estrategias y técnicas en la enseñanza virtual a ser utilizadas con los alumnos de Educación Superior para un Aprendizaje Significativo, aportando nuevas dimensiones al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Educación Superior, planteando un amplio conjunto de conocimientos e innumerables oportunidades para aprender, desaprender y volver a aprender; buscando de esta manera transitar del aprendizaje memorístico, hacia uno que realmente tenga significado, sea aplicable a la realidad y contexto donde se desenvuelven los estudiantes.
GEOPROCESSAMENTO COMO FERRAMENTA DE PLANEJAMENTO DE AÇÕES INTEGRADAS, PARA O ENFRETAMENTO DA HANSENÍASE EM PETROLINA-PE.
Authors: SILVA David Souza , FREITAS Francisco Araújo , PINHEIRO Ingrid Geovanna Bezerra , FERREIRA Daniele Januário da Silva , PEIXOTO Marlene Leandro dos Santos , SANTOS Laís Ferrari dos , FURTADO Elionilson Souza , IGNOTTI Eliane , ALBUQUERQUE Magnilde Alves Cavalcante de , ALBUQUERQUE Magnilde Alves Cavalcante de , CARMO Rodrigo Feliciano do
Published: February 2021

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Use of Urology-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines in International Settings
Authors: Patino German , Ndoye Medina , Thomas Hannah S. , Cohen Andrew J. , Mmonu Nnenaya A. , Chu Carissa E. , Breyer Benjamin N.
Published: February 2021

Objective
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) serve as frameworks to unify diagnostic criteria and guide clinical decision-making. There is a paucity of literature surrounding the uptake of CPGs in urology practice settings with varied levels of resources worldwide. This study aims to evaluate reported use of CPGs within the context of international urology practice, identify local barriers to uptake, and evaluate the role of stakeholders in the CPG-development process.
Methods
This was an international, multi-center, cross-sectional study. An online survey collecting variables pertaining to the use of CPGs was distributed to attending/consultant urologists in Latin America, Africa, and China. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software.
Result
A total of 249 practicing urologists from 28 countries completed the survey. The majority of participants were males, aged 36 to 45, and practiced in a non-academic setting. Ninety-three percent of urologists used CPGs in their everyday clinical practice, and 43% believed CPGs were very important to medical decision-making. However, barriers such as the lack of adaptability or applicability of CPGs to local settings were mentioned by 29% and 24% of participants, respectively. Urologists believed scientific associations (81%), national urology boards (68%), and ministries of health (56%), were important stakeholders to consult to foster the development of local CPGs.
Conclusions
Globally, CPGs are widely used tools for clinical practice. However, there are concerns about the adaptability and applicability of CPGs to settings that may lack the resources to implement their recommendations. Efforts should be directed towards incorporating scientific and medical stakeholders into the review and adaptation of urology CPGs to suit the unique features of local health care systems.
Promising Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kapoor Jada , Claps Francesco , Mir M. Carmen , Ischia Joseph
Published: February 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has been increasing in recent years, and it now represents the sixth most common cancer diagnosis in men and the tenth in women. Although this is partly due to in-creased detection of incidental small renal masses on unrelated imaging, advanced RCC continues to be diagnosed in a significant portion of patients, with more than 15% presenting with distant metasta-ses. Biomarkers can be a cost-effective tool to identify high-risk patients and institute appropriate indi-vidualised therapies. While the literature in this field is nascent, this paper focuses on several bi-omarkers that have been extensively investigated in the diagnosis and prognosis of RCC, as well as in predicting its response to treatments, particularly the newer immuno-oncology drugs.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: A review of current trends in surgical management
Authors: Oliyide Abisola E. , Chibuzo Ijeoma N.C. , Liew Matthew , Sinclair Andrew , Adeyoju Adebanji A.B.
Published: February 2021

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. It is a disorder that interferes with normal daily activities, thereby affecting the quality of life of the individual. Multiple modalities of treatment can be utilised. These include lifestyle advice, watchful waiting, medical therapy and surgical therapy. In terms of surgical therapy, varied patient, regional, socioeconomic and prostate characteristics, as well as technical skills, influence therapy choice. Currently, established techniques worldwide still confirm endoscopic resection using monopolar energy in pole position, while open surgery (particularly in sub-Saharan Africa) still prevails in the choice of surgeons because it is more accessible, both from a socio-economic standpoint and in the training of the surgical personnel. In this article, we will review the evolution of surgical therapy and current trends in surgical management and how this can be adapted to developing regions in terms of technological advancement and economic implications. Deliberate focus is placed on those contemporary minimally invasive surgical techniques that are emerging as providing strong and reproducible levels of efficacy.
Perfil Sensorial en niños con Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención e Hiperactividad
Authors: Santiago Cristhian , Jesus Cruz Bermudez Marco Antonio
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad,es un trastorno del desarrollo que afecta el comportamiento, se distraen con facilidad y tienen problemas para concentrarse y el aprendizaje en los niños en que lo padecen.
Objetivo: Determinar el perfil sensorial en niños con transtornos por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Material y Métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de tipo longitudinal y observacional, la muestra requerida fue de 107 pacientes con diagnóstico Transtorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad de ambos sexos y una edad comprendida entre 4 a 8 años de edad, atendidos en el Hogar Clínica San Juan de Dios, el instrumento utilizado para medir el perfil sensorial fue el Test Perfil Sensorial-2, adaptado a la realidad peruana, cuya confiabilidad fue de 0.885 alfa de crombach.
Resultados: De los 107 pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad el perfil sensorial buscador se observó los niveles "mucho más que los demás" con 79,4%, el perfil sensorial evitativo "más que los demás" con 41,1 % y "como los demás" con 50,5%. Perfil sensorial sensitivo se observó, "más que los demás" con 49,5%. Así mismo, tenemos el perfil sensorial espectador, se observó los niveles "mucho más que los demás" con un 47,7%.
Conclusiones: El perfil sensorial es de suma importancia porque forma parte del protocolo de evaluación y plan de tratamiento del paciente con transtornos por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, así como en la prevención de problemas en el aprendizaje y en la experiencia escolar.
Reporte de caso: intoxicación por ácido valproico y hallazgos neuropsiquiátricos.
Authors: Barrientos Guevara Samuel Andrés , García Maldonado François Gerard , Cerrato Lemus José Luis
Published: February 2021

PEl Ácido Valproico (AVP), fármaco ampliamente conocido por sus propiedades antiepilépticas para el manejo de la epilepsias parciales y simples. Es también utilizado dentro de la Psiquiatría como estabilizador del humor y apoyo en el tratamiento de episodios de manía donde el uso del litio está contraindicado. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 53 años con trastorno esquizoafectivo no especifico y mala adherencia al tratamiento, quien al iniciar manejo con AVP desarrolló una intoxicación por este fármaco, independiente a los niveles en suero de este, revolviéndose con líquidos intravenosos y reajuste de dosis.
Síndrome de Parry-Romberg: hemiatrofia facial progresiva. Reporte de Caso.
Authors: Mejía Escobar Cinthya Karina , Sánchez Sierra Luis Enrique , Salgado Ana Luisa
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El Síndrome de Parry-Romberg es un trastorno neurocutáneo, caracterizado por hemiatrofia facial progresiva, su primer signo clínico es la asimetría facial, se presenta frecuentemente de manera simultánea con esclerodermia lineal. Presentación de caso: Femenina de 54 años de edad, con antecedente de hemiatrofia facial y alteración oftalmológica izquierda desde los 14 años. Discusión: El Síndrome de Parry-Romberg inicia entre las primeras décadas de la vida con hiperpigmentación, atrofia de la dermis, grasa subcutánea, músculo y huesos subyacentes. La atrofia afecta la hemicara siguiendo la distribución del nervio trigémino y sus ramas; este caso coincidió con la edad de inicio, la lesión se limitó a la hemicara izquierda. Conclusión: Debe tenerse presente como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con alteración en la simetría facial de larga evolución sin causa aparente, el diagnóstico temprano evita las complicaciones graves, se recomienda un manejo multidisciplinario para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Proteína C Reactiva versus hemocultivos negativos en sepsis neonatal, neonatología del Hospital Obreor Nº2 Cochabamba
Authors: Alvarez Rodriguez Lizenia Alejandra , Torrico Landaeta Jorge Mauricio
Published: February 2021

La sepsis neonatal vertical y su diagnóstico continúan siendo un desafío en recién nacidos, los factores de riesgo yla clínica juegan un rol importante para su mejor interpretación, sin embargo la clínica continúa siendo inespecíficajunto a las limitadas pruebas laboratoriales entre las cuales se encuentra la proteína C reactiva, el cual aúnse continúa usando en nuestro entorno.
Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la proteína C reactiva frente ahemocultivos negativos en sepsis neonatal vertical sintomática asociada a factores de riesgo, en el servicio deneonatología del Hospital Obrero Número 2; de enero de 2018 a enero de 2019.
Metodología: un estudiodescriptivo, observacional, longitudinal y analítico; la muestra fue dada por 153 neonatos que cumplieron conlos criterios de inclusión. Se realizó recolección de datos perinatales, clínicos, laboratoriales y factores de riesgo,además de uso de cuadros estadísticos.
Resultados: El hemocultivo sigue siendo el Gold estándar sin embargo laPCR es de utilidad para una conducta precoz. El género masculino con alto porcentaje (61%) de presentación desepsis, RPM 41 %, corioamnionitis 39% y prematuridad 39% como factores de riesgo predisponentes.
Conclusión: esta investigación indica la importancia de conocer los factores de riesgo, clínica sugestiva y el uso laboratorioscomo la PCR, que en conjunto nos ayudan a concluir en el diagnóstico de sepsis de manera precoz, en presenciade hemocultivos negativos y nos permite realizar un mejor seguimiento.
A failure of academic quality control: The technology of orgasm
Authors: Lieberman Hallie , Schatzberg Eric
Published: February 2021

The Technology of Orgasm by Rachel Maines is one of the most widely cited works on the history of sex and technology. Maines argues that Victorian physicians routinely used electromechanical vibrators to stimulate female patients to orgasm as a treatment for hysteria. She claims that physicians did not perceive the practice as sexual because it did not involve vaginal penetration. The vibrator was, according to Maines, a labor-saving technology to replace the well-established medical practice of clitoral massage for hysteria. This argument has been repeated almost verbatim in dozens of scholarly works, popular books and articles, a Broadway play, and a feature-length film. Although a few scholars have challenged parts of the book, no one has contested her central argument in the peer-reviewed literature. In this article, we carefully assess the sources cited in the book. We found no evidence in these sources that physicians ever used electromechanical vibrators to induce orgasms in female patients as a medical treatment. The success of Technology of Orgasm serves as a cautionary tale for how easily falsehoods can become embedded in the humanities.
Kink community education: Experiential learning and communities of practice
Authors: Sprott Richard , Meeker Carolyn , O'Brien Maria
Published: February 2021

How do people learn about kink? What are the motivations to acquire knowledge and skills for doing BDSM scenes? What are the preferred ways adults want to learn? This article argues that two concepts from adult education, experiential learning and community of practice, are important frameworks for understanding how people learn about kink. As an example to illustrate these points, some findings from an educational needs assessment are presented. The results indicate gender-related differences in motivation to learn about kink and different preferences in formats for learning. Results are discussed in terms of experiential learning and community of practice.
Alternative Labor Policy in Multigravida Pregnant Women History Sectio Caesarea at Graha Juanda Hospital, Bekasi
Authors: Manullang Riyen Sari , Hardiana Hedi
Published: February 2021

The incidence of childbirth with actions in Indonesia increased. The results of the 2013 Riskesdas were delivered by sectio caesarean delivery by 9.8% with the highest proportion in DKI Jakarta (19.9%). This research is to find out alternative labor policies in multigravida pregnant women with a history of cesarean section. This type of research uses a qualitative method, in the implementation of this study is an interview guide during the interview, using the technique of triangulation of data sources and methods namely SWOT approach EFE, EFI, Matching Stage, Matrix SWOT and QSPM. The respondents in this study were 7 respondents from Graha Juanda Hospital Bekasi, by producing 4 alternative policies, namely the making of labor SOPs for multigravida pregnant women with history of SC making parenting keals, cooperating with Faske level I to conduct regular counseling, and adding facilities and infrastructure related to the hospital's tensile strength. The most dominant alternative to be carried out in accordance with the results of the analysis conducted, namely the making of SOPs for labor procedures for multigravida pregnant women with a history of elective and emergency SC needs to be separated and adjusted to their implementation