bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Honour, Memory and Lineage: Remembering the English Civil War through Funeral Memorials
Authors: KERRY CHERYL
Published: May 2021

The Act of Oblivion passed in 1660 was meant to signal how the fractured kingdom could heal after the Civil War. It aimed to ‘bury all seeds of future discords’ by wiping the slate clean, outlawing even ‘terms of distinction [and] … words of reproach any way tending to revive the memory of the late differences’. The act was created to draw a line under the past twenty years of civil war, regicide, and bitter religious, political and cultural divisions. But could an act of parliament so easily erase this traumatic past? The impact of the war on families and communities proved impossible to forget, and memories of loyalties to both monarchy and parliament enabled the civil war to continue through other means than the sword. Individuals and families used funeral memorials to tell stories of their part in the wars.
Genetic variations for egg internal quality of ducks revealed by genome‐wide association study
Authors: Liu Hehe , Zhou Zhengkui , Hu Jian , Guo Zhanbao , Xu Yaxi , Li Yanying , Wang Lei , Fan Wenlei , Liang Suyun , Liu Dapeng , Zhang Yunsheng , Xie Ming , Tang Jing , Huang Wei , Zhang Qi , Hou Shuisheng
Published: May 2021

Egg internal quality traits are important traits related to egg production in poultry industry. To better understand the genetic architecture of egg internal quality traits in ducks, we performed genetic parameters estimates and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The phenotypic values of egg weight, yolk color, albumin height (AH), yolk weight, and Haugh unit (HU) were collected individually from 352 F2 laying ducks produced by reciprocal crosses between mallards and Pekin ducks, and their genotypes were assayed by whole genome re‐sequencing. The results showed that the AH and HU traits have a clear coefficient of variance, around 15% for both mallards and Pekin ducks. The pedigree‐based genetic parameters estimates rane from 0.26 to 0.71 for all eight egg quality traits, while the highest heritability was 0.71 for egg weight. The GWAS showed that a clear signal was associated with AH and HU traits. The locus zoom analysis and conditional GWAS helped to narrow the candidate region to ~5.8‐Mb spanning from 14.7 to 20.5 Mb on Chromosome 5, which harbored 111 candidate genes. MUC6 and LDLRAD3 were finally promised as the major candidate genes affecting albumen composition. Our data revealed the egg internal quality traits for the first time in ducks, which provides a theoretical basis and technological support for improving duck egg internal quality.
Looking under the surface: An analysis of iceberg orders in the U.S. agricultural futures markets
Authors: Shang Quanbiao , Serra Teresa , Garcia Philip , Mallory Mindy
Published: May 2021

Like many exchanges the Chicago Mercantile Exchange allows traders to conceal part of their limit orders, known as a hidden‐limit order (HLO) or iceberg order. With HLOs, market participants have incomplete knowledge of the order book. To assess the effect of this lack of transparency in a period of highly volatile markets, we investigate the patterns and market impacts of HLOs in the U.S. corn and live cattle futures markets. Our conservative estimates indicate that HLOs represent more than 10% (20%) of the total volume in corn (live cattle) futures market. The findings show that the existence of HLOs improves market quality in multiple dimensions: driving trading volume while reducing market volatility and enhancing market liquidity. Our results are critical for regulators and exchanges as they are supportive of a degree of opacity. They are also indicative that market traders hide successfully, which can protect traders who have speed disadvantages in the era of fast trading.
Intracranial arteries of New Zealand rabbits; identification, three‐dimensional modelling, and morphometry by computed tomography angiography
Authors: Oktay Tuğba , Demiraslan Yasin
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to determine identification, three‐dimensional modelling, and morphometry of intracranial arteries in New Zealand Rabbit by using computed tomography angiography. A total of 20 adult New Zealand Rabbits from both sexes were used in the study. General anaesthesia procedure was followed before computed tomography angiography imaging. Rabbits were placed in a prone position for imaging. Computed tomography angiography imaging was performed by injecting contrast agent into vena auricularis marginalis of rabbits. Morphometric measurements of the specified points were taken by MIMICS program using the computed tomography angiography images acquired. Three‐dimensional intracranial artery model was prepared from the two‐dimensional images on the same program. Measurements were statistically compared in terms of sex and side. It was observed in the study that arteria basilaris was generated by bilateral arteria vertebralis at the basal level of medulla oblongata. In the study, a statistically significant difference was determined only in diameter values of arteria cerebri caudalis dextra et sinistra in both female and male rabbits. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was determined with respect to the side. Consequently, we think that the data of the present study will contribute to further studies on cerebrovascular pathology, clinicians or researchers.
Increased orthopaedic presentations as a result of COVID‐19‐related social restrictions in a regional setting, despite local and global trends
Authors: Woo Elise , Smith Ariella Jessica , Mah Dominic , Pfister Benjamin Francis , Drobetz Herwig
Published: May 2021

Background

The coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected the utilisation of emergency department (ED) services worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID‐19‐related public health measures on orthopaedic presentations to a regional Australian hospital.

Methods

A case–control study was performed at a regional trauma hospital in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Data was collected prospectively from patients that required orthopaedic review in the period corresponding to a declaration of a global pandemic to the end of the NSW lockdown, and compared with retrospective data from the corresponding period in 2019. The five‐year average of orthopaedic presentations to ED during the study period were obtained for comparison. The primary outcomes were overall number of presentations, mechanism and anatomical location of injuries, operative versus non‐operative management and disposition.

Results

During the study period in 2020, presentations requiring orthopaedic review were significantly more frequent than 2019 (496 vs. 280, p < 0.0001), with more requiring admission in 2020 (p < 0.0001). The absolute number of patients managed operatively was higher (p = 0.0002) and significantly more patients were referred for community follow‐up (p < 0.0001). There was a 20% increase of consults in 2020 compared to the average number of referrals during the same period in the previous five years.

Conclusions

Contrary to other published literature, lockdown conditions imposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a surprising 77% increase in orthopaedic presentations to this regional Australian hospital. These findings can be used to better direct resources, preparation and staff education in the current and for future pandemics.
Influence of positive margins on tumour recurrence and overall survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Juez Luz Divina , Barranquero Alberto G. , Priego Pablo , Cuadrado Marta , Blázquez Luis , Sánchez‐Picot Silvia , Fernández‐Cebrián José María , Galindo Julio
Published: May 2021

Background

Incidence of positive surgical margins after curative gastrectomy ranges from 1% to 20%. It has been suggested that positive surgical margin is an adverse prognosis factor, with a higher local recurrence and worse overall survival (OS). However, the management of these patients remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 267 patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent between January 2010 and December 2018 in our centre were enrolled in this study. Post‐operative histological analysis revealed positive resection margins in 18 patients (8%). Clinicopathological features and outcome of patients undergoing gastrectomy with negative and positive margins were compared.

Results

Patients with positive margins were associated with higher American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, T stage, N stage, median number of positive nodes, diffuse Lauren type, whole stomach involved and poorly differentiated tumours. Local recurrence was described in 50% of cases with positive margins. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the TNM stage was the only independent prognostic factor associated with recurrence. OS for positive margins at 1, 3 and 5 years was 75%, 57% and 26%, respectively. The median survival in patients with positive margins was 38.33 versus 81.17 months for R0 patients (p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis showed that age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.041, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.07, sex (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.22–3.30) and TNM stage (p < 0.001) were independent factors of OS.

Conclusion

Positive resection margin was an indication of advanced and more aggressive disease rather than an independent prognosis factor for OS or recurrence in gastric cancer.
Stent as a bridge to surgery versus urgent surgery for malignant right colonic obstruction: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zeng Wei‐Gen , Liu Meng‐Jia , Zhou Zhi‐Xiang , Hu Jun‐Jie , Wang Zhen‐Jun
Published: May 2021

Background

The impact of self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) for malignant right colonic obstruction remains undefined. The aim of this study was to compare short‐term postoperative and long‐term oncologic outcomes of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery (SBTS) and urgent colectomy for patients with malignant right‐sided obstruction.

Methods

A total of 98 consecutive patients who underwent SEMS placement during the period 2004–2015 from three hospitals were included. For comparative analyses, patients were matched (1:2) with 196 patients treated with emergency colectomy from our prospective database.

Results

The two groups were comparable in terms of demographics and tumor characteristics. The proportion of patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy was higher in SBTS group than urgent colectomy group (75.5% vs. 37.2%; p < 0.001). Patients treated with SBTS were less likely to have a temporary stoma constructed (3.1% vs. 10.7%; p = 0.024). SBTS was associated with significantly less median estimated blood loss (90 vs. 100 ml; p = 0.029), shorter length of hospital stay (11 vs. 12 days; p < 0.001), lower overall postoperative complication rate (18.4% vs. 31.3%; p = 0.018), and wound‐related complication rate (5.1% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.019) compared with urgent surgery. Reoperation rate, 30‐day mortality, and lymph nodes harvested were not significantly different between two groups. Disease‐free survival rate and overall survival rate were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

SEMS insertion is safe and feasible for treating malignant right‐sided obstruction. SBTS is associated with better short‐term outcomes and equivalent long‐term oncologic results compared with urgent colectomy.
The antecedents of well‐being in first‐generation migrant children: A systematic review
Authors: Bajo Marcos Eva , Serrano Inmaculada , Fernández García Mª Mercedes
Published: May 2021

Migrant children's well‐being has emerged into the spotlight of academic literature and policy‐makers in recent times. This systematic review is aimed at analysing the publication trends on the topic and at synthesising the available evidence on the antecedents of well‐being of first‐generation international migrant children. Systematic searches of primary studies were conducted in 18 databases using search terms related to migration, childhood and well‐being. Three rounds of screening and data extraction, researchers' full agreement and the inclusion criteria produced 39 eligible studies. Critical appraisal of results revealed a fragmentation in the literature, the evidence available being mostly descriptive and focused on involuntary migrants settled in Western countries. A bias across publications overlooking younger migrant children was unveiled. The compartmentalisation of the evidence hindered an understanding of the magnitude of the different effects of migration on well‐being. Antecedents of well‐being have been documented as factors fostering and hindering well‐being. Important gaps in literature and key antecedents of well‐being have been uncovered for voluntary and involuntary migrant children. These findings show limitations in the available evidence pointing to specific suggestions for future research that should help improve interventions at the social and individual levels.
Uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight variability in response to maternal temperament in the goat
Authors: Elmetwally Mohammed A. , Samy Alaa , Eldesouky Ashraf , Lenis Yasser Y. , Eldomany Wael
Published: May 2021

This prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of maternal temperament on uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight in a goat experimental model. Based on the arena test, behavioral testing related to fear‐eliciting stimulus, goats were divided into nervous (n = 13) and calm (n = 11) groups. After mating, the perfusion of maternal uterine arteries (UTAs) and its related Doppler parameters, blood flow volume (BFV), time‐averaged mean velocity (TAMEANV), acceleration (Acce), and resistance impedance (S/D), were evaluated biweekly from week two until the end of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated during the pregnancy in addition to the gestation length (GL) and fetal birth weight (FBW). The UTA‐BFV and TAMEANV, as well as Acce and S/D, were influenced by maternal temperament (p < .05). The FHR showed no significant changes between experimental animals of different temperaments (p = .81). Both GL and FBW were increased in calm rather than nervous goats (p < .05). These results indicated that the maternal nervous (temperament) have negative impacts on uterine artery Doppler indices, fetal growth, and gestational length in a goat experimental model.
Seagrasses in an era of ocean warming: a review
Authors: Nguyen Hung Manh , Ralph Peter J. , Marín‐Guirao Lázaro , Pernice Mathieu , Procaccini Gabriele
Published: May 2021

Seagrasses are valuable sources of food and habitat for marine life and are one of Earth's most efficient carbon sinks. However, they are facing a global decline due to ocean warming and eutrophication. In the last decade, with the advent of new technology and molecular advances, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies focusing on the effects of ocean warming on seagrasses. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the future of seagrasses in an era of ocean warming. We have gathered information from published studies to identify potential commonalities in the effects of warming and the responses of seagrasses across four distinct levels: molecular, biochemical/physiological, morphological/population, and ecosystem/planetary. To date, we know that although warming strongly affects seagrasses at all four levels, seagrass responses diverge amongst species, populations, and over depths. Furthermore, warming alters seagrass distribution causing massive die‐offs in some seagrass populations, whilst also causing tropicalization and migration of temperate species. In this review, we evaluate the combined effects of ocean warming with other environmental stressors and emphasize the need for multiple‐stressor studies to provide a deeper understanding of seagrass resilience. We conclude by discussing the most significant knowledge gaps and future directions for seagrass research.
Homozygous missense VPS16 variant is associated with a novel disease, resembling mucopolysaccharidosis‐plus syndrome in two siblings
Authors: Yıldız Yılmaz , Koşukcu Can , Aygün Damla , Akçaboy Meltem , Öztek Çelebi Fatma Zehra , Taşcı Yıldız Yasemin , Şahin Gülseren , Aytekin Caner , Yüksel Deniz , Lay İncilay , Özgül Rıza Köksal , Dursun Ali
Published: May 2021

Disorders of intracellular trafficking are a group of inherited disorders, which often display multisystem phenotypes. Vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) subunit C, composed of VPS11, VPS18, VPS16, and VPS33A proteins, is involved in tethering of endosomes, lysosomes, and autophagosomes. Our group and others have previously described patients with a specific homozygous missense VPS33A variant, exhibiting a storage disease phenotype resembling mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), termed “MPS‐plus syndrome.” Here, we report two siblings from a consanguineous Turkish‐Arabic family, who have overlapping features of MPS and intracellular trafficking disorders, including short stature, coarse facies, developmental delay, peripheral neuropathy, splenomegaly, spondylar dysplasia, congenital neutropenia, and high‐normal glycosaminoglycan excretion. Whole exome sequencing and familial segregation analyses led to the homozygous NM_022575.3:c.540G>T; p.Trp180Cys variant in VPS16 in both siblings. Multiple bioinformatic methods supported the pathogenicity of this variant. Different monoallelic null VPS16 variants and a homozygous missense VPS16 variant had been previously associated with dystonia. A biallelic intronic, probably splice‐altering variant in VPS16, causing an MPS‐plus syndrome‐like disease has been very recently reported in two individuals. The siblings presented herein display no dystonia, but have features of a multisystem storage disorder, representing a novel MPS‐plus syndrome‐like disease, associated for the first time with VPS16 missense variants.
Response to selection for parasitism of a suboptimal, low‐preference host in an aphid parasitoid
Authors: Hopper Keith R. , Wittmeyer Kameron T. , Kuhn Kristen L. , Lanier Kathryn
Published: May 2021

Risks of postintroduction evolution in insects introduced to control invasive pests have been discussed for some time, but little is known about responses to selection or genetic architectures of host adaptation and thus about the likelihood or rapidity of evolutionary shifts. We report here results on the response to selection and genetic architecture of parasitism of a suboptimal, low‐preference host species by an aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus rhamni, a candidate for introduction against the soy bean aphid, Aphis glycines. We selected A. rhamni for increased parasitism of Rhopalsiphum padi by rearing the parasitoid on this aphid for three generations. We measured parasitism of R. padi at generations 2 and 3, and at generation 3, we crossed and backcrossed parasitoids from the populations reared on R. padi with those from populations reared on Aphis glycines and compared parasitism of both R. padi and Aphis glycines among F1 and backcross females. Aphelinus rhamni responded rapidly to selection for parasitism of R. padi. Selection for R. padi parasitism reduced parasitism of Aphis glycines, the original host of A. rhamni. However, parasitism of R. padi did not increase from generation 2 to generation 3 of selection, suggesting reduced variance available for selection, which was indeed found. We tested the associations between 184 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and increased parasitism of R. padi and found 28 SNP loci, some of which were associated with increased and others with decreased parasitism of R. padi. We assembled and annotated the A. rhamni genome, mapped all SNP loci to contigs and tested whether genes on contigs with SNP loci associated with parasitism were enriched for candidate genes or gene functions. We identified 80 genes on these contigs that mapped to 1.2 Mb of the 483 Mb genome of A. rhamni but found little enrichment of candidate genes or gene functions.
The effect of age on the pressure pain threshold of asymptomatic ankles and knees in young individuals with haemophilia
Authors: Etzweiler Denise , Albisetti Manuela , Meichtry André , Huber Erika O.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Despite adequate medical treatment, many young adults with haemophilia develop joint alterations—especially in ankles and knees. Undetected over years, subtle structural changes cause subclinical symptoms, before problems become obvious. To objectify these silent pressure pains, the pressure pain threshold (PPT) can be measured by algometry.

Aim

The aim was to investigate and compare the effect of age on PPTs in asymptomatic ankles and knees between boys and young adults with haemophilia and age‐matched controls, in order to gain better knowledge about the alteration of the periarticular structures with increasing age.

Material and methods

Nineteen persons with haemophilia (PwH; severe or moderate; 8–30 years) and 19 age‐matched controls with ‘healthy’ ankles and knees were recruited. Asymptomatic joints with a Haemophilia Joint Health Score = 0 were included. The PPT was measured on four periarticular points per joint, and the data were analysed with a linear mixed model.

Results

The PPT of the control group increased with age, whereas the PPT of the PwH decreased. The difference in age effect per year in kPa between PwH and controls was as follows: β [95%‐CI]: −15.41 [−31.63; 0.79]. Although the result was not statistically significant (p = .08), a clear tendency was shown.

Conclusion

The results suggest that subclinical alterations in the periarticular structures of these joints may evolve unnoticed over time. However, further research is warranted to determine whether this observed trend is confirmed in a larger sample and at what age the PPT begins to decrease in PwH compared to controls.
Influence of pyrolysis and Silicon infiltration on the properties of CMC parts shaped by composite flow molding
Authors: Bianchi Giovanni , Vitullo Simone , Vodermayer Albert , Ortona Alberto
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the influence of thermal process parameters on the mechanical properties and final microstructure of SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites parts shaped by composite flow molding, and converted into ceramics by pyrolysis and reactive silicon melt infiltration. Green composite parts consisted of a thermoplastic matrix (PEEK) reinforced with continuous carbon fibers. Parts were pyrolyzed between 960°C and 2000°C and subsequently Si infiltrated between 1600°C and 1800°C, with a dwell time of 1 to 3 h. An experimental plan was defined following a design of experiment (DOE) approach. At high pyrolysis and infiltration temperatures, samples show higher modulus of rupture (280 MPa) and flexural modulus (158 GPa). A qualitative image analysis was adopted to estimate the CMC composition. A predictive model allowing the estimation of the composite toughness as a function of the significant process parameters was derived by applying the DOE methodology and the analysis of variances. The model is based on the observed correlations between the process parameters and their influence on the material property of interest. The most influential parameters are the silicon infiltration temperature and the dwell time. This is due to their control over the reaction kinetics between C and Si to obtain SiC.
Not all that glitters is COVID‐19: a case series demonstrating the need for histopathology when skin findings accompany SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Barrera‐Godínez A. , Méndez‐Flores S. , Gatica‐Torres M. , Rosales‐Sotomayor A. , Campos‐Jiménez K.I. , Carrillo‐Córdova D.M. , Durand‐Muñoz M.C. , Mena‐Hernández G.L. , Melchor‐Mendoza Y.K. , Ruelas‐Villavicencio A.L. , García‐Irigoyen A. , Acatitla‐Acevedo G.A. , Toussaint‐Caire S. , Domínguez‐Cherit J.
Published: May 2021

Background

Descriptions of cutaneous findings associated with COVID‐19 have not been consistently accompanied by histopathology or confirmatory testing for SARS‐CoV‐2.

Objective

To describe and classify the cutaneous findings with supporting histopathology of confirmed COVID‐19 inpatients.

Methods

We included consecutive inpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 for whom a dermatology consult was requested. A skin biopsy was performed in all cases. Skin findings were classified as being compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19 or as representing a distinct clinical entity.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were studied in whom thirty‐one dermatologic diagnoses were made. Twenty‐two of the dermatoses were compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19; nine entities were not associated with infection by SARS‐CoV‐2. The most common COVID‐19‐associated pattern was an exanthematous presentation. In four patients, a new pattern was observed, characterized by discrete papules with varied histopathological findings including a case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. No cases of pernio‐like lesions were identified. Skin findings not associated with COVID‐19 represented 29% of diagnoses and included Malassezia folliculitis, tinea, miliaria and contact dermatitis.

Limitations

There is no gold‐standard test to distinguish between viral exanthems and drug reactions.

Conclusion

A histopathological study is critical before attributing skin findings to a manifestation of COVID‐19.
Protocol for Indirect Restoration Intraoral Scanning Under Dental Dam Isolation: A Dental Technique
Authors: Caponi Lucas Q. , Flor Eduardo , Ortega‐Martínez Jorge , Figueras‐Alvarez Oscar
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to describe an intraoral scanning protocol for indirect restorations utilizing dental dam isolation. This technique consists of the initial scan of both arches and their occlusion. Then, after necessary dental preparation is performed under isolation with a dental dam, intraoral scanning of preparations is performed, maintaining the dental dam in place. The proposed protocol shortens the operative time minimizing clinical factors that can affect the scan accuracy and maximizing preparation margins' visibility, ensuring a stress‐free environment. This method can be applied for chair‐side dentistry and conventional workflow for sending scans to the laboratory technician.
Predictable and host‐species specific humanization of the gut microbiota in captive primates
Authors: Houtz Jennifer L. , Sanders Jon G. , Denice Anthony , Moeller Andrew H.
Published: May 2021

Humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) harbor complex gut microbial communities that affect phenotypes and fitness. The gut microbiotas of wild NHPs reflect their hosts’ phylogenetic histories and are compositionally distinct from those of humans, but in captivity the endogenous gut microbial lineages of NHPs can be lost or replaced by lineages found in humans. Despite its potential contributions to gastrointestinal dysfunction, this humanization of the gut microbiota has not been investigated systematically across captive NHP species. Here, we show through comparisons of well‐sampled wild and captive populations of apes and monkeys that the fraction of the gut microbiota humanized by captivity varies significantly between NHP species but is remarkably reproducible between captive populations of the same NHP species. Conspecific captive populations displayed significantly greater than expected overlap in the sets of bacterial 16S rRNA gene variants that were differentially abundant between captivity and the wild. This overlap was evident even between captive populations residing on different continents but was never observed between heterospecific captive populations. In addition, we developed an approach incorporating human gut microbiota data to rank NHPs’ gut microbial clades based on the propensity of their lineages to be lost or replaced in captivity by lineages found in humans. Relatively few microbial genera displayed reproducible degrees of humanization in different captive host species, but most microbial genera were reproducibly humanized or retained from the wild in conspecific pairs of captive populations. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiotas of captive NHPs display predictable, host‐species specific responses to captivity.
Strobilanthes pushpagiriensis (Acanthaceae): a new species from Western Ghats, India
Authors: Patil Sameer Chandrakant
Published: May 2021

A new species of Strobilanthes collected from Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India is described here as S. pushpagiriensis. It is closely allied to S. anamallaica and S. ciliata in having two distinct small leafy bracts at the middle of the peduncle, but differs from them in having dense grayish‐white hairs throughout, linear‐lanceolate leaves with 9–11 pairs of secondary veins, 2–3 spikes per peduncle and linear‐lanceolate densely glandular hairy bracts. Detailed description, distribution, conservation status, illustration and photographs are provided.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after small bowel transplantation
Authors: Fidder Sander A. R. , Bolling Marieke C. , Diercks Gilles F. H. , Pas Hendri H. , Hooimeijer Louise H. L. , Bungener Laura B. , Willemse Brigitte W. M. , Scheenstra Rene , Stapelbroek Janneke M. , van der Doef Hubert P. J.
Published: May 2021

Background

PNP is a malignancy‐associated autoimmune mucocutaneous syndrome due to autoantibodies against plakins, desmogleins, and other components of the epidermis and basement membrane of epithelial tissues. PNP‐causing malignancies comprise mainly lymphoproliferative and hematologic neoplasms. PNP is extremely rare, especially in children.

Methods

Here, we present the first case of a child who developed PNP on a PTLD after small bowel transplantation because of a severe genetic protein‐losing enteropathy.

Results

The patient in this case report had a severe stomatitis, striate palmoplantar keratoderma, and lichenoid skin lesions. In addition, she had marked esophageal involvement. She had lung pathology due to recurrent pulmonary infections and ventilator injury. Although we found no evidence of BO, she died from severe pneumonia and respiratory failure at the age of 12 years.

Conclusion

It is exceptional that, despite effective treatment of the PTLD, the girl survived 5 years after her diagnosis of PNP. We hypothesize that the girl survived relatively long after the PNP diagnosis due to strong T‐cell suppressive treatments for her small bowel transplantation.
The FARC in Colombia: Collective Reintegration and Social Identity Transformation
Authors: Gluecker Andreas , Correa‐Chica Andrea , López‐López Wilson
Published: May 2021

The Peace Treaty between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Colombian government in 2016 was a breakthrough toward ending an armed conflict of more than six decades. One requirement for its success is the reintegration of former combatants of the FARC into society, which in this case has been designed as a collective reintegration process. We conducted a qualitative field study with 20 former combatants of the FARC to understand their perception of this reintegration process using the framework of social identity theory. We found a strong disparity between the desire of participants to adhere to their identity as FARC while coming to terms with its decreasing likelihood. Participants felt threatened in their identity as FARC due to the violence targeted at them, their stigmatization and rejection by society, the perceived noncompliance of the Colombian government, and the increasing disintegration of the FARC. We discuss how identification with the FARC leads to different avenues of reintegration and affects former combatants' relations with society and the Colombian government. Adding to a multidimensional analysis and implementation of peace building, we highlight the need for structured reintegration programs that consider the psychosocial needs of all parties involved.
Differentiated Fiscal Surveillance and the Democratic Promise of Independent Fiscal Institutions in the Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: Merlo Stefano , Fasone Cristina
Published: May 2021

The post‐crisis reforms of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) have met with skepticism toward their democratic credentials. This certainly applies to the requirement to set up Independent Fiscal Institutions (IFIs). Drawing on Pettit’s model of republican legitimacy, this paper argues however that IFIs can indirectly increase the democratic character of national fiscal policy while preserving Member States’ autonomy. Such a democratic contribution is further facilitated by nationally differentiated implementation of the EU rules regarding the heterogeneous design and powers of IFIs. Based on a comparative analysis of selected Member States’ “elaboration discretion” in defining the organisation and the mandate of IFIs, the article highlights that these features reflect the variety of constitutional settings at domestic level. It is concluded that this heterogeneity amounts to a form of differentiated integration which allows for a better navigation of the trade‐off between the persistence of fiscal policy externalities and the reduction in national autonomy.
We Should Not Be a Counterpart Theorist of Events If We Want to Be a Counterfactual Theorist of Causation
Authors: Tang Zhiheng
Published: May 2021

Although David Lewis advocates a counterpart‐theoretic treatment of objects but rejects a parallel treatment of events, many philosophers have — mainly to solve some puzzles within the framework of a Lewisian counterfactual analysis of causation — suggested that the counterpart‐theoretic treatment be extended to events. This article argues that we had better not be a counterpart theorist of events as long as we want to remain at all faithful to the counterfactual analysis of causation.
Living at the LUX: Homelessness and Improvisational Waiting under COVID‐19
Authors: Feldman Lindsey Raisa , Vicente Pérez Michael
Published: May 2021

This photo‐essay engages with the central theme of waiting under COVID‐19 among a group of homeless women at the LUX hotel in Memphis, Tennessee. The images and text capture the structural shelter‐in‐place conditions and how the women worked within those regulations to construct a new relationship to time and the self. The images in this essay reflect what we call improvisational waiting, a concept that emphasizes the creative ways women at the LUX turned experiences of waiting into novel rhythms of life that held the promise of a better future.
Retro Nuosu: Reclaiming the Past, Present, and Future through Participatory Portraits in Southwest China
Authors: Banfill Kaitlin
Published: May 2021

This article explores visual and ethnic representation among Nuosu Yi youth in contemporary China, where photographic subjects’ desires and agency compete with mainstream visual regimes. I argue that Nuosu Yi university students used self‐fashioning and photography to create a new yet radically retro narrative—one that asserts their political and cultural modernity in the Chinese national imagination. “Art photo” studios have recently inspired youth to express themselves through a markedly retro Nuosu aesthetic. In this project, I replicated an art photo studio and photographed fourteen individuals, revealing their individual desires and agency in the broader context of Chinese ethnic representation.
Producing Journalistic Authority in the Age of Digital Media: Temporality, Media Affordance, and Ethical Reflexivity in Turkey’s Media Sphere
Authors: Özkan Nazlı
Published: May 2021

This article examines how journalists in Turkey form their authority and strengthen control over their news craft in the digital age through processing (işlemek) the news. Processing combines two crucial components: ethical engagement with news stories and a flexible time frame. Drawing on ethnographic and visual analysis of televisual, newspaper, and internet production at Turkey’s socialist Yüzyıl newspaper, I argue that journalists invest more heavily in non‐digital mediums like television and print because they provide a more flexible temporality to process information through investigation and ethical deliberation.
Glamorous Work: Notes from the Red Carpet
Authors: Mitchell SED
Published: May 2021

The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) attracts filmmakers and film audiences from around the world each year. In this article, I take an ethnographic approach to understand the way film festival organizers bring groups together and act as intermediaries in negotiating the value of particular films and cinema. I argue that film festival organizers engage in glamorous work—a strategy that employs visual cues and artful mediation to cultivate a sense of the extraordinary while obscuring the risky nature of film festival organization. This article considers the risks involved in film festival organization and the way glamorous work attempts to alleviate these risks.
Between Empire and Nation
Authors: Methodieva Milena B.
Published: May 2021

This book tells the story of the Muslim community in modern Bulgaria during a period of imperial dissolution, conflicting national and imperial enterprises, and the emergence of new national and ethnic identities. Following the Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-1878 that paved the way for Bulgarian independence, a movement for cultural reform and political mobilization gained momentum within Bulgaria’s sizable Muslim population. From the establishment of the Bulgarian state in 1878 until the 1908 Young Turk revolution, this reform movement emerged as part of a struggle to redefine Muslim collective identity without severing ties to the Ottomans, during a period when Muslims were losing faith in the Sultan, while also fearing Young Turk secularism. This book draws on both Ottoman and Eastern European historiographies, and approaches the question of Balkan Muslims’ engagement with modernity through a transnational lens, demonstrating how Bulgarian Muslims debated similar questions as Muslims elsewhere around the world. This book situates the Bulgarian story within a global narrative of Muslim political and cultural reform movements, analyzes how Muslims understood and conceptualized “Europe,” and reveals the centrality of the Bulgarian Muslims to the Young Turk Revolution. Milena Methodieva makes a compelling case for how the experience of a Muslim minority provides new insight into the nature of nationalism, citizenship, and state formation.
Accents in Jean Malaquais’s Carrefour Marseille
Authors: Elsky Julia
Published: May 2021

This chapter extends further into the years of the Occupation, deepening the analysis of multilingual immigrant identities in French in the Polish-born writer Jean Malaquais’s portrayal of the accents of Eastern and Central European refugees trying to leave France for the Americas through the port of Marseille in 1942. In Planète sans visa (World without Visa), Malaquais reappropriates Jewish refugee accents from the mockery of the antisemitic press to show that accents do not reveal immutable and inassimilable racial traits. On the contrary, they are the spaces in which language plays as well as expressions of the ways intimacy and love are formed. As such, an attachment to the French language is not innate, inherited, or linked to the soil. Malquais’s text demonstrates that French literary language itself is capable of containing multiple registers of ethnicity, including a Jewish accented voice.
The Sultan’s Communists: An Introduction
Authors: Heckman Alma Rachel
Published: May 2021

The introduction presents the main interventions and arguments of the book in the overlapping fields of Jewish Studies, Middle Eastern Studies, Maghrib Studies, and the history of global Communism. It depicts how the precolonial paradigm of Jews as representatives of the sultan, and the sultan as “protector” of the Jews, came under assault in Morocco with the introduction of European colonialism, formalized into French and Spanish Protectorates over Morocco. Across its chapters, the book demonstrates how the precolonial paradigm of “belonging” to the sultan became repurposed for modern Jewish participation in the future independent nation-state of Morocco. Most Jews active in the national liberation movement were members of the Moroccan Communist Party. Across the twentieth century, the book argues that the “Sultan’s Jews” became the “Sultan’s Communists,” demonstrating Moroccan Jewish patriotism and the mutually constitutive nature of “Moroccanness” and “Jewishness.”
Tactics: Jews and Moroccan Independence
Authors: Heckman Alma Rachel
Published: May 2021

Chapter 3 uncovers the previously untold story of Jewish participation in the Moroccan national independence movement, disproportionately from within the Moroccan Communist Party. It examines Moroccan Jewish political life in conjunction with Israel’s establishment in 1948, Moroccan independence in 1956, and strife in the Middle East. Friction developed between the Communist and the Istiqlal Parties in the common fight to throw off colonial rule. Tensions also reigned within the Moroccan Jewish community as it navigated an escalating series of questions regarding its future in Morocco. Most Moroccan Jews were not politically active. To most, the Jewish Communists represented a liability for the stability of the community. Meanwhile, questions of Jewish loyalty to Morocco and the identity of Morocco as a Muslim state became linked to anti-Zionism and Arab nationalism. Increasingly, Moroccan Jewish Communists were isolated from the wider Jewish community, moving in opposite practical and ideological trajectories.
Splinters: Disillusion and Jewish Political Life in the New Morocco
Authors: Heckman Alma Rachel
Published: May 2021

Chapter 4 traces the difference between the idealized Morocco of national liberation and the reality of increasing political repression. Splinters formed between Moroccan Jews and Muslims, and between leftist movements and the state. Mass migrations of Moroccan Jews to Israel began in the wake of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser’s visit to Morocco, the sinking of a ship carrying Jews bound for Israel, and the unexpected death of King Muhammad V. King Hassan II sought to crush leftist movements, forcing the Moroccan Communist Party underground. Two attempted coups against the king and mass popular uprisings only increased repression. Splinters also developed between the majority Jewish community and the Jewish Communists: while most Jews left for Israel, Moroccan Jewish Communists pleaded for Jews to reject Zionism and remain loyal to Morocco. Among Moroccan Jewish Communists, some embraced a more accommodationist approach to the state, while others joined more radical opposition organizations.
Co-Optation: The Moroccan Cold War, Israel, and Human Rights
Authors: Heckman Alma Rachel
Published: May 2021

Chapter 5 analyzes the infamous Years of Lead and how Moroccan Jewish Communists diverged in their responses. Morocco began to publicly embrace its Jewish past while imprisoning its most well-known Jewish Communists in horrendous conditions. Some prominent Moroccan Jewish Communists worked with the state, notably supporting the 1975 Green March. Others supported Sahrawi independence and faced decades of imprisonment. This chapter examines the development of the state’s narrative of Moroccan Jewish tolerance alongside King Hassan II’s relationship with Israel and the United States. Meanwhile, international human rights organizations militated on behalf of prominent Moroccan political prisoners, among them Jews, pressuring the monarchy to release them. With the end of the Cold War and the death of King Hassan II, the state embraced the previously marginalized and reviled Moroccan Jewish Communists as national heroes, upheld as symbols of Moroccan Jewish exceptionalism within the region.
Two β-Lactamase Variants with Reduced Clavulanic Acid Inhibition Display Different Millisecond Dynamics
Authors: Elings Wouter , Chikunova Aleksandra , van Zanten Danny B. , Drenth Ralphe , Ahmad Misbha Ud Din , Blok Anneloes J. , Timmer Monika , Perrakis Anastassis , Ubbink Marcellus
Published: May 2021

The β-lactamase of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, BlaC, is susceptible to inhibition by clavulanic acid. The ability of this enzyme to escape inhibition through mutation was probed using error-prone PCR combined with functional screening in
Escherichia coli
.
Orchard Management and Landscape Context Mediate the Pear Floral Microbiome
Authors: Schaeffer Robert N. , Pfeiffer Vera W. , Basu Saumik , Brousil Matthew , Strohm Christopher , DuPont S. Tianna , Vannette Rachel L. , Crowder David W.
Published: May 2021

In tree fruits, proper crop management during bloom is essential for producing disease-free fruit. Tree fruits are often grown in heterogeneous landscapes; however, few studies have assessed whether landscape context and crop management affect the floral microbiome, which plays a critical role in shaping plant health and disease tolerance.
Meta-omics Reveal
Gallionellaceae
and
Rhodanobacter
Species as Interdependent Key Players for Fe(II) Oxidation and Nitrate Reduction in the Autotrophic Enrichment Culture KS
Authors: Huang Yu-Ming , Straub Daniel , Blackwell Nia , Kappler Andreas , Kleindienst Sara
Published: May 2021

Nitrate-reducing iron(II)-oxidizing bacteria are widespread in the environment, contribute to nitrate removal, and influence the fate of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide. The autotrophic growth of nitrate-reducing iron(II)-oxidizing bacteria is rarely investigated and not fully understood.
Structure and Sequence Requirements for RNA Capping at the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus RNA 5′ End
Authors: Ortega Granda Oney , Valle Coralie , Shannon Ashleigh , Decroly Etienne , Canard Bruno , Coutard Bruno , Rabah Nadia
Published: May 2021

The emergence, reemergence, and expansion of alphaviruses (genus of the family
Togaviridae
) are a serious public health and epizootic threat. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) causes encephalitis in human and domesticated animals, with a mortality rate reaching 80% in horses.
Preterm birth and cardiac function in adulthood
Authors: Greer Charlotte , Troughton Richard W , Adamson Philip D , Harris Sarah L
Published: May 2021

Preterm birth affects 1 in 10 pregnancies worldwide, with increasing survival rates over the last 30 years. However, as this new generation of long-term survivors approaches middle age, recent studies have revealed increased cardiovascular risk factors and higher rates of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. Cardiovascular imaging has identified smaller cardiac chamber size, changes in myocardial mass and impaired ventricular function, particularly under physiological stress. Accordingly, this population should be recognised as having a higher risk of heart failure as they age. In this review, we present current evidence for increased rates of heart failure and evidence of alterations in cardiac structure and function in those born preterm. We discuss potential mechanisms to explain this risk including greater frequency of co-morbidities known to be associated with heart failure. We also explore potential mechanistic links specific to the preterm-born population, including the impact of premature birth on myocardial and vascular development and the effects of perinatal haemodynamic changes and chronic lung disease on the developing heart. We highlight gaps in our knowledge and consider implications for patient management relevant to the adult physician.