bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern and Causes of Hearing Loss Among the Patients Attending in an ENT OPD
Authors: Rabbani SMG , Chowdhury MA , Shumon AM , Yasmeen N , Rashid M , Nuruzzaman M , Ahmed N
Published: December 2014

This cross sectional prospective study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Tairunessa Memorial Medical College Hospital (TMMCH), Boardbazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh in a period of 12 months from 01.01.2012 to 31.12.2012 among those complaining hearing loss attending in ENT OPD. The aim of the study was to find out pattern and causes of hearing loss. Two hundred cases of hearing impaired people were taken and the data were collected by interviewing the cases as per questionnaire from history, examinations & investigation reports. The commonest type of hearing loss was conductive type. In the right ear 114 cases (63.33%) of conductive type of deafness, 36 cases (20%) of mixed type of deafness and 30 cases (16.67%) of sensorineural type of deafness. In the left ear 106 cases (61.62%) of conductive type of deafness, 40 cases (23.25%) of mixed type of deafness and 26 cases (15.13%) of sensorineural type of deafness. This study showed that females (58%) were mostly affected than males (42%) and garments workers (45%) were commonest group of people. From this study we got both ears were involved by disease process in 76% of the patients and only right ear was 14% and only left ear was 10%. The commonest cause of hearing loss is chronic suppurative otitis media. The ear diseases are common in our country but its diagnosis is usually delayed, till then certain amount of hearing loss has occurred. So awareness, early diagnosis and proper treatment are needed to improve the situation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i2.21125 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 2: July 2014, Pages 9-13
Bronchodilator Response to Salbutamol Delivered by Metered Dose Inhaler with Spacer and Dry Powder Inhaler in Acute Asthma In Children: A Comparative Study
Authors: Khaled Md Saifuddin , Akter Firoza , Rahman Khadija , Ullah Mohammad Shahid , Rahman Md Hamidur
Published: December 2014

Background: Salbutamol inhalation is the mainstay of treatment for acute exacerbation of asthma. A number of delivery systems for asthma medication have been developed for children, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. This study was done to compare the bronchodilator effect of salbutamol inhalation delivered through metered dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer and dry powder inhaler (DPI) in children presenting with mild and moderate acute asthma. Methodology: Children of 6 to 15 years of age with mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma were assessed primarily and randomly distributed into two groups having equal number of patients and received 400micro-gram of salbutamol delivered by either MDI with spacer or DPI device. The primary outcome variable was peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and secondary outcome variables were percent predicted PEFR, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, wheezing and accessory muscle scores. Changes in primary and secondary outcome variables, before and after drug intervention were recorded and subjected to statistical tests for significance. Separate analyses were done for mild and moderate asthma patients. Results: The changes in primary outcome variable (PEFR) in both groups before and after intervention was 179.19 ± 33.27 vs. 197.52 ± 57.01 liters/min and 184.81 ± 59.65 vs. 202.83 ± 64.76 liters/min respectively, which was statistically highly significant (P= 0.001). Similar significant changes were also observed in case of secondary outcome variables. Conclusion: Bronchodilator response to salbutamol in mild or moderate acute asthma in children is similar when equal amount of drug is delivered either through an MDI with spacer or a DPI DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21138 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 62-67
Postgraduate Medical Education : An Overview
Authors: Chowdhury Humayun Kabir
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21014 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 1-4
Clinicopathological Profile of Wilms Tumour in Children
Authors: Mazumder M , Islam A , Farooq N , Zaman M
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood. It is important to pick up the children with wilms tumor earlier as early stages has excellent outcomes after treatment. Objective : To find out the common clinical presentations and pathological profile of Wilms tumor in children. Methods and Materials : A hospital based prospective study done with twenty diagnosed patients of Wilms tumour enrolled from department of Pediatric haemato-oncology, BSMMU, Dhaka in the period between January to December 2008. Results- The peak incidence of Wilms tumor was in 1 to 5 years age group (80%,n=16). Median age at presentation was 49 months with male: female ratio 1.8:1.The most common presentation was abdominal swelling (80%,n=16),followed by flank mass (75%,n=15), abdominal pain (55%,n=11), haematuria (15%,n=3), hypertension (10%,n=2). Thirteen raised from right kidney, ratio of right to left involvement 1.8:1. Histologically 13(65%) patients had triphasic histology having blastemal, stromal and epithelial elements, 7(35%) was biphasic having blastema and epithelia. All had favourable histological pattern. Most patients presented in stage III (55%,n=11) followed by stage II (25%,n=5), Stage IV(10%,n=2), Stage I(10%,n=2). No bilateral presentation. Conclusions : Most of the patients of Wilms tumor presented within 1 to 5 years of age(80%) with abdominal distension(80%) and flank mass(75%), few associated with haematuria(15%) and hypertension(10%). Histologically all were favourable and maximum presented in stage III (55%) followed by stage II(25%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21015 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 5-8
Internal Podalic Version an Option for Developing Countries
Authors: Nargis SF , Ara R , Ara G , Begum Jahanara
Published: November 2014

Objective: To study the role of internal podalic version (IVP) in the management of transverse lie with fetal demise in labour and to assess the success and outcome of this almost obsolete procedure in obstetrics. Materials and Methods: Quasi experimental study was done in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College and Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogra from January 2001 to December 2006. Results: Within this period total 180 cases transverse lie with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) were studed. All these case were undiagnosed transverse lie with IUFD in labour and admitted in the hospital through the emergency department. In 60 cases IPV and in 120 cases lower uterine segment caesarean section (LUCS) were done to deliver the dead for per operative and post operative blood transfusion were only 03.33% in cases where IVP was done, and 41.66% in those who under went LUCS (P<.001). Hospital stay in IVP group was only 1.3 days where as 10 days for those who under went LUCS (P<.001). Regarding complications it was almost same in both groups. IVP was also very cost effective required some of taka 300 only where as for LUCS it required about 3000 taka. Conclusion: The success rate of IVP is good. It is cost effective, preserve the future fertility and prevent DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21030 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 16-20
Correlation between Estimated Fetal Weight at Term by Ultrasonogram and Actual Birth Weight
Authors: Shapla NR , Aleem MA , Jesmin E , Ahmed H , Lepe YS
Published: November 2014

The estimation of foetal birth weight is an important factor in the management of high risk pregnancies. Estimated foetal weight is calculated in the standard routine antepartum evaluation of high risk pregnancies and deliveries. This prospective observational study was done at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Border Guard Hospital, Peelkhana, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from January 2012 to June 2012. The present study was carried out to compare the accuracy of actual and ultrasonographic estimation of foetal weight at term. Hundred pregnant women at different gestational age from 37 weeks to 40 weeks were selected by simple random sampling. Ultrasonography was done for determination of estimated foetal weight (EFW) at term by using Hadlock method and birth weight was measured just after delivery. Data analysis was done by percentage and paired t test. The age range of patients were 18-37 years with mean ±SD is 25.13±4.46. Among 100 study patients 33% were nuliparous and 67% were multiparous. The mean ±SD of gestational age and actual birth weight is 38.76±1.09 and 3.11±0.391 respectively. Ultrasound biometric data that includes mean ±SD biparietal diameter (BPD) in mm, abdominal circumference (AC) in mm and femur length (FL) in cm were 90.21±3.52, 327.67±20.75 and 7.45±1.43 respectively. Mean ±SD of estimated foetal weight (EFW) Kg was 2.97±0.53. Actual birth weight is correlated with the estimated foetal weight and the result was not statistically significant (P >.05). Calculation of estimated fetal weight by ultrasonography is recommended to make decision about mode of delivery, so that an obstetrician can plan early in high risk cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21032 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 21-25
Breast Feeding versus Formula Feeding and Diarrheal Diseases in Infants and Children- A Review
Authors: Begum MUH
Published: November 2014

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasize the value of breastfeeding for mothers as well as children. Both recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Human breast milk is the healthiest form of milk for babies. Breastfeeding promotes health and helps to prevent diseases including diarrheal diseases. It contains all nutrients including antibodies (IgA),and lactoferrin, that potentially prevent infection and diarrhea in infants and children. Studies conducted in both developed and under developed nations have found that breast feeding is associated with significantly ( upto 64%) less diarrheal disease and the protective effect of breast feeding does not persist beyond two months after breast feeding is stopped. On the other hand, formula fed infants are found an upto 80% increased in the risk of developing diarrhea compared to breast fed infants and there is significantly more diarrheal disease in formula fed infants. Infection may be attributable to contamination of bottles, teats, milk, and food in infants who are not exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and there after complementary feedings while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond, enthusiastic support and involvement from clinicians, obstetricians and pediatricians, are essential in breastfeeding vs formula feeding issue and to reduce incidence of diarrheal diseases in infants and children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21033 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 26-30
Porokeratosis with an Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Nessa M , Khondker L , Bari MA , Khan MSI , Rahman M , Moni SY
Published: November 2014

Porokeratosis is a clonal disorder of epidermal keratinization, which is characterized by hyperkeratotic papules or plaques that are surrounded by a thread-like elevated border. The histopathologic hallmark of porokeratosis is the cornoid lamella, which is a thin column of parakeratosis that overlies a thin or absent granular layer and that corresponds to the raised, hyperkeratotic border. Porokeratosis has five clinical types and malignant degeneration has been described in all forms of porokeratosis. We report a forty five year old farmer with a large plaque in chest for 30 years and multiple nodules within the large plaque for 2 years. A section of skin from margin of the plaque reveals histopathological features of porokeratosis and section from nodules reveals an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of porokeratosis transformed to squamous cell carcinoma on Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21035 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 31-36
Successful Outcome of Pregnancy of a Sub-fertile Woman with Multiple Fibroids and Placenta Praevia and Accreta
Authors: Sultana M , Akhter P , Saha AK , Akhter A
Published: November 2014

Fibroids, the commonest benign pelvic tumor, have a common association with subfertility and increasing maternal age. Placenta praevia and fibroid (if submucous) has an association with placenta accreta. Here we report the case of an elderly primigravida with history of prolong subfertility, admitted with 37 weeks pregnancy with multiple fibroids and central placenta praevia with focal increta. Even with all these complicating factors, with the advent of better uterotonic drugs, conservative management could be considered successfully now-a-days. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21038 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 41-44
Diaphragmatic Hernia with Atypical Presentation - A Case Series
Authors: Shahid SMA , Ali MN , Ahmed M , Islam SS , Hossain SB
Published: November 2014

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia is one of the most challenging diagnosis faced by pediatric surgeons. From the time of its first anatomic description more than 300 years ago, CDH has carried a high mortality rate. We aimed to review patients who presented with hernia of diaphragm during the last six months. In this retrospective study, the medical records of three patients treated for diaphragmatic hernias who were admitted to Rajshahi Medical College Hospital between July 2012 and December 2012 were analyzed. Three patients with age of 45 days to 7 years were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1:2. All patients had left-sided diaphragmatic hernia. Chest X-ray was obtained from all patients which was diagnostic. One patient needed thoracotomy incision. No patient required mesh repair. The mean hospitalization time was 14 days. There was no postoperative death. Diaphragmatic hernia is an uncommon and challenging situation for the surgeon. Prompt diagnosis and treatment prevent serious morbidity and mortality associated with complications such as gangrene and perforation of herniated organ. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21050 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 45-50
Ocular Manifestations of a Child with ALL after Chemotherapy
Authors: Rahman Z , Ahmed J
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21051 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 51-52
Multiple Nodular Swelling in Both Upper and Lower Limbs
Authors: Das A , Parvin M , Kahhar MA
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21052 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 53-54
Letter to the Editor Vol.32(1)
Authors: Chowdhury AW , Saleh MAD
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21053 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 55-56
Analysis of price spread and marketing efficiency of milch cow marketing in the state level cattle fairs of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Das Goutam , Jain DK , Dhaka JP
Published: December 2014

The present study was carried out to analyse the price spread and marketing efficiency of different milch cow marketing channels in the state level cattle fairs of Rajasthan. The study identified six milch cow marketing channels i.e.,  (1) Farmer  Farmer, (2) Farmer  Local Trader  Farmer, (3) Farmer  Local Trader, (4) Farmer  Distant Trader  Farmer, (5) Farmer  Distant Trader and (6) Farmer  Local Trader  Distant Trader. Marketing efficiency and producer  share in consumers rupee were the highest in channel 1 followed by channel 2 and channel 4 as price spread was the lowest in channel 1 followed by channel 2 and channel 4 across all three breed categories (non-descript, indigenous and cross-breed). Transportation cost was found to be the major cost component both for sellers and buyers in all the six milch cow marketing channels. Besides transportation, other major cost components were cost of feeding animals at fairs and miscellaneous expenses (including own expenditure). There were differences in the marketing costs across non-descript, indigenous and cross-breed both for sellers and buyers in all channels. The study suggested the need for government transportation facilities and adequate feeds and fodder availability at reasonable price during the cattle fairs. Above all, government should bring more number of local cattle fairs under the ambit of regulation to further improve the efficiency of livestock marketing system in the state. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21111 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 34-47 (2014)
The productivity of Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices and seed priming in Eastern Indian sub-Himalayan plains
Authors: Mookherjee S , Malik GC , Bandyopadhyay S , Mitra B
Published: December 2014

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2007-08 to 2008-09 at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar situated at sub-Himalayan plains popularly known as terai region of West Bengal, India to study the productivity of yellow sarson under different nutrient management practices and seed priming methods. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with eight nutrient management practices and three seed priming methods. The results showed marked improvement in yield components, productivity and economics of yellow sarson due to integrated nutrient management and seed priming methods. Significantly highest seed yield (1374 kg ha-1) was recorded with combination comprising FYM + Azotobacter + PSB and 75% of the recommended fertilizers. The integrated nutrient management practice also had greater impact in production economics, sustenance in soil fertility and enrichment of soil nutrients. The crop receiving plant nutrients only from chemical sources showed poor productivity leading to less remuneration. Higher seed oil content (41.8% and 42.2%) was obtained with the application of 100% of the recommended dose (60:30:30 kg N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) along with sulphur (20 kg ha-1) but the oil yield was not impressive due to poor seed yield. Pre-sowing soaking of seeds with 100 ppm KH2PO4 also showed improvement in yield components, productivity and oil yield of the yellow sarson crop compared to seeds soaked with 100 ppm Na2HPO4 and water. Net returns and return/rupee invested were higher when the yellow sarson seeds were soaked with 100 ppm KH2PO4 over the other soaking methods. Variations in residual fertility were not discernible due to seed soaking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21117 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 106-116 (2014)
Genetic diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae causing leaf blight of litchi in Bangladesh
Authors: Afrose S , Hossain I , Hossain MD , Khan MAH
Published: December 2014

Leaf blight of caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is a severe disease of litchi saplings, which is considered as a threat for raising healthy sapling of the fruit in Bangladesh. A survey was conducted to find out incidence and severity of the disease in five regions of Bangladesh namely Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Mymensingh, Barishal and Khagrachari. The highest disease incidence was recorded in Dinajpur and Kagrachari regions and the lowest in Mymensingh region. On the other hand, the highest disease severity was found in Dinajpur and Kagrachari regions and the lowest in Mymensingh region. Another experiment was conducted to determine genetic diversity of the causal bacterium following molecular study. Twenty five diseased samples of bacterial leaf blight of litchi were collected from 25 locations in five regions and one isolate of P. syringae pv. syringae was isolated from each sample. The values of pair-wise comparisons of Neis (1972) genetic distance among5 different locations of P. syringae pv. syringae were computed. From the UPGMA dendrogram drawn on the basis of Neis (1972) genetic distances and comparatively the highest genetic distance (0.9163) was observed in Khajrachari vs Barishal, Mymensingh vs Barishal and Rajshahi vs Mymensingh but Dinajpur was close to the Barishal with the least genetic distance (0.3567). Thus, the results indicate that remarkable genetic diversity exists among the isolates of P. syringae pv. syringae from different origins Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21121 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 150-161 (2014)
Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004
Authors: Davis Shannon , Talbot Robert , Mao Huiting , Neuman Jonathan
Published: December 2014

An analysis of coastal meteorological mechanisms facilitating the transit pollution plumes emitted from sources in the Northeastern U.S. was based on observations from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) 2004 field campaign. Particular attention was given to the relation of these plumes to coastal transport patterns in lower tropospheric layers throughout the Gulf of Maine (GOM), and their contribution to large-scale pollution outflow from the North American continent. Using measurements obtained during a series of flights of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DC-8, a unique quasi-Lagrangian case study was conducted for a freshly emitted plume emanating from the New York City source region in late July 2004. The development of this plume stemmed from the accumulation of boundary layer pollutants within a coastal residual layer, where weak synoptic conditions allowed for its advection into the marine troposphere and transport by a mean southwesterly flow. Upon entering the GOM, analysis showed that the plume layer vertical structure evolved into an internal boundary layer form, with signatures of steep vertical gradients in temperature, moisture and wind speed often resulting in periodic turbulence. This structure remained well-defined during the plume study, allowing for the detachment of the plume layer from the surface and minimal plume-sea surface exchange. In contrast, shear driven turbulence within the plume layer facilitated lateral mixing with other low-level plumes during its transit. This turbulence was periodic and further contributed to the high spatial variability in trace gas mixing ratios. Further influences of the turbulent mixing were observed in the impact of the plume inland as observed by the Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (AIRMAP) air quality network. This impact was seen as extreme elevations of surface ozone and CO levels, equaling the highest observed that summer.
Plasmonic Photonic-Crystal Slabs: Visualization of the Bloch Surface Wave Resonance for an Ultrasensitive, Robust and Reusable Optical Biosensor
Authors: Baryshev Alexander , Merzlikin Alexander
Published: December 2014

A one-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) with termination by a metal film—a plasmonic photonic-crystal slab—has been theoretically analyzed for its optical response at a variation of the dielectric permittivity of an analyte and at a condition simulating the molecular binding event. Visualization of the Bloch surface wave resonance (SWR) was done with the aid of plasmon absorption in a dielectric/metal/dielectric sandwich terminating a PhC. An SWR peak in spectra of such a plasmonic photonic crystal (PPhC) slab comprising a noble or base metal layer was shown to be sensitive to a negligible variation of refractive index of a medium adjoining to the slab. As a consequence, the considered PPhC-based optical sensors exhibited an enhanced sensitivity and a good robustness in comparison with the conventional surface-plasmon and Bloch surface wave sensors. The PPhC biosensors can be of practical importance because the metal layer is protected by a capping dielectric layer from contact with analytes and, consequently, from deterioration.
Importance of All Movement Behaviors in a 24 Hour Period for Overall Health
Authors: Chaput Jean-Philippe , Carson Valerie , Gray Casey , Tremblay Mark
Published: December 2014

Physical inactivity and childhood obesity are well-recognized public health concerns that are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. Historically, the benefits of physical activity (e.g., moderate-to-vigorous physical activity—MVPA) to overall health have dominated discussions and emerging evidence indicates that a broader, more integrated approach is needed to better understand and address current public health crises. Existing guidelines for children and youth around the world only focus on MVPA, and recently sedentary behavior, despite an accumulating body of evidence showing that light-intensity physical activity (LPA) such as walking can provide important health benefits. Furthermore, there is accumulating support for the importance of adequate sleep and that these behaviors moderate the health impact of each other. Ignoring the other components of the movement continuum (i.e., sleep, sedentary time, LPA) while focusing efforts exclusively on MVPA (accounting for <5% of the time in a 24 h period) limits the potential to optimize the health benefits of movement behaviors. In order to address this limitation, experts in Canada are currently developing the world’s first Integrated 24 Hour Movement Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Youth to help advance an integrated healthy active living agenda that has the potential to significantly improve the overall health and well-being of children and youth.
Patterns of Tree Distribution within Small Communities of the Sudanian Savanna-Sahel
Authors: Sterling Sarah , Orr Blair
Published: December 2014

Crown diameter and tree density were measured in 52 communities in the Sudan-Sahel using satellite imagery to determine the relationships between rainfall and distance from community center to crown size diameter and tree density. As distance from the community center increased, tree density and crown diameter decreased. As rainfall increased, tree density decreased while crown diameter increased. Distance from the community center is a proxy for age since urbanization and our results indicate that older parts of communities show longer and more consistent tree management. The trends in patterns of tree distribution and size in communities are different from those in natural woodlands.
Surface Characteristics and Catalytic Activity of Copper Deposited Porous Silicon Powder
Authors: Halim Muhammad , Tan Wei , Bakar Noor , Bakar Mohamad
Published: December 2014

Porous structured silicon or porous silicon (PS) powder was prepared by chemical etching of silicon powder in an etchant solution of HF: HNO3: H2O (1:3:5 v/v). An immersion time of 4 min was sufficient for depositing Cu metal from an aqueous solution of CuSO4 in the presence of HF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the Cu particles aggregated upon an increase in metal content from 3.3 wt% to 9.8 wt%. H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) profiles reveal that re-oxidation of the Cu particles occurs after deposition. Furthermore, the profiles denote the existence of various sizes of Cu metal on the PS. The Cu-PS powders show excellent catalytic reduction on the p-nitrophenol regardless of the Cu loadings.
Study of Reactive Melt Processing Behavior of Externally Plasticized Cellulose Acetate in Presence of Isocyanate
Authors: Erdmann Rafael , Kabasci Stephan , Kurek Joanna , Zepnik Stefan
Published: December 2014

Two types of externally plasticized cellulose acetate (CA) were chemically modified using 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as crosslinking agent. Crosslinking was performed in the molten state by means of melt mixing in an internal mixer. The viscoelastic properties of the non-crosslinked, externally plasticized CA show typical temperature dependence, similar to conventional thermoplastics. A strong increase in storage modulus is observed with increasing crosslink density indicating that the crosslinked compounds exhibit predominately elastic response. The complex viscosity also increases considerably with increasing crosslink density and does not reach the typical Newtonian plateau at low radial frequencies any more. The viscoelastic properties correlate well with the data recorded online during reactive melt processing in the internal mixer. In comparison to the non-crosslinked CA, the crosslinked compounds show higher glass transition temperature, higher VICAT softening temperatures, improved thermal stability and lower plasticizer evaporation at evaluated temperatures.
Brahan Project High Frequency Radar Ocean Measurements: Currents, Winds, Waves and Their Interactions
Authors: Lipa Belinda , Barrick Donald , Alonso-Martirena Andres , Fernandes Maria , Ferrer Maria , Nyden Bruce
Published: December 2014

We describe radar measurements of waves, currents and winds made on the coast of northern Scotland during two 2013/14 winter storms, giving methods, results and interpretation. Wave parameters (height, period, direction and short-wave/wind direction) were derived and compared with measurements made by a neighboring buoy and local weather stations. Wind direction and current velocity maps were produced and the interactions of winds and currents discussed. Significant oscillations in wave parameters were observed, which appear to be due to forcing by tidal current velocity variations. The oscillations in waveheight are explained using hydrodynamic analysis and derived amplitudes are compared with radar measurements.
Wind Erosion Induced Soil Degradation in Northern China: Status, Measures and Perspective
Authors: Guo Zhongling , Huang Ning , Dong Zhibao , Van Pelt Robert , Zobeck Ted
Published: December 2014

Soil degradation is one of the most serious ecological problems in the world. In arid and semi-arid northern China, soil degradation predominantly arises from wind erosion. Trends in soil degradation caused by wind erosion in northern China frequently change with human activities and climatic change. To decrease soil loss by wind erosion and enhance local ecosystems, the Chinese government has been encouraging residents to reduce wind-induced soil degradation through a series of national policies and several ecological projects, such as the Natural Forest Protection Program, the National Action Program to Combat Desertification, the “Three Norths” Shelter Forest System, the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Control Engineering Project, and the Grain for Green Project. All these were implemented a number of decades ago, and have thus created many land management practices and control techniques across different landscapes. These measures include conservation tillage, windbreak networks, checkerboard barriers, the Non-Watering and Tube-Protecting Planting Technique, afforestation, grassland enclosures, etc. As a result, the aeolian degradation of land has been controlled in many regions of arid and semiarid northern China. However, the challenge of mitigating and further reversing soil degradation caused by wind erosion still remains.
Évaluation de la météorisation du granite en milieu tempéré océanisé à partir de monuments historiques en Bretagne méridionale. (Granite weathering assessment in temperate oceanic environment according to historical monuments in Southern Brittany)
Authors: Magré Gaëlle , Paris Raphaël , Sellier Dominique
Published: December 2014

Les blocs de granite utilisés comme matériaux de construction présentent, sur leur face exposée, des microformes significatives des stades élémentaires de l'érosion. Environ 500 de ces formes ont été mesurées sur 36 monuments religieux de Bretagne méridionale, construits en granite, principalement au cours du XVe et du XVF siècles (pays Bigouden, pays de Carnac, presqu'île de Batz-sur-Mer). L'ablation atteint 5 à 25 mm en 500 ans, mais s'avère irrégulière dans le temps et dans l'espace en fonction de plusieurs paramètres : lithologie, élévation, exposition, distance de la mer, colonisation végétale, influences anthropiques.
Le milieu paraglaciaire et l'accélération de la décrue des glaciers du Haut Arc (Savoie) au cours des dernières décennies, (Paraglacial formations and recent glacial recession in the Haut Arc, Savoy, France)
Authors: Jobard Sylvain
Published: December 2014

Depuis 150 ans, les glaciers du Haut Arc (Savoie, France) subissent un recul généralisé quasi constant. Cette situation glaciologique libère un vaste espace fraîchement déglacé, théâtre particulièrement propice à l 'expression de processus géomorphologiques typiques du système paraglaciaire. Cet article expose sommairement le contexte glaciologique et géomorphologique du secteur d'étude et détaille les principaux phénomènes répertoriés sur le terrain. Les résultats ainsi obtenus montrent une continuité de processus déjà actifs au début de la décrue Post-PAG, mais également l'apparition de nouvelles dynamiques liées à une recrudescence d'activité des systèmes fluvio-glaciaires et gravitaires à proximité des glaciers.
Patient-reported Joint Count in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: The Reliability of a Manikin Format
Authors: Dijkstra Maryanne E. , Anink Janneke , van Pelt Philomine A. , Hazes Johanna M. , van Suijlekom-Smit Lisette W.A.
Published: November 2014

Objective.

To evaluate the reliability of a manikin format, patient-reported joint count in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to detect changes in agreement at a second visit.

Methods.

Patients with JIA aged 12–21 were asked to mark joints with active arthritis on a manikin before their regular clinic visit. The physician then performed a joint count without having seen the patient’s assessment. Agreement between scores of physician-reported and patient-reported joint counts was assessed using ICC. Kappa statistics were used to assess reliability of scoring individual joints.

Results.

The study included 75 patients with JIA. In general, patients had a low number of active joints (median 1 joint, indicated by the physician). ICC was moderate (0.61) and κ ranged from 0.3–0.7. At the second visit, κ were similar; the ICC was 0.19. When a patient scored 0 joints, the physician confirmed this 93%–100% of the time. When the patient marked ≥ 1 joints, the physician confirmed arthritis 59%–76% of the time. Sensitivity to change was moderate.

Conclusion.

Agreement between physician and patient on the number of joints with active arthritis was reasonable. Untrained patients tended to overestimate the presence of arthritis when they marked active joints on a manikin-format joint count. When the patient indicated absence of arthritis, the physician usually confirmed this. As the agreement did not improve at followup, future research should focus on the possibility of achieving this through training. For now, the patient-reported joint count cannot replace the physicians’ joint count in clinical practice; it may be used in epidemiological studies with caution.
Inhibition of PCSK6 May Play a Protective Role in the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wang Feifei , Wang Lin , Jiang Huiyu , Chang Xiaotian , Pan Jihong
Published: November 2014

Objective.

To assess the effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6) in the synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PCSK6 is a proteinase implicated in the proteolytic activity of various precursor proteins and involved in the regulation of protein maturation.

Methods.

PCSK6 expression was detected in the synovial tissue of 10 patients with RA, 10 controls with osteoarthritis, and 10 controls with ankylosing spondylitis using Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Genotyping of 67 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was performed using an Illumina VeraCode (Illumina) microarray in a case-control study including 267 patients with RA and 160 healthy controls. Genotyping of 4 other tag SNP was performed using a TaqMan probe genotyping assay in 1056 healthy controls and 1151 patients with RA. Cultured RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) were transfected with PCSK6 small interfering RNA to study changes in the proliferation, invasion, migration capacity, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, cell cycle, and expression profiles of the RASF.

Results.

Expression of PCSK6 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in the synovial tissues of individuals with RA than in control tissues. One SNP, rs8029797, was significantly associated with RA (p = 0.011). Knockdown of PCSK6 by RNA interference significantly decreased proliferation, invasion, and migration of RASF. These changes in RASF appeared to be related to reduced tumor necrosis factor-α secretion, G0/G1 arrest, and altered expression of various proteins including those involved in angiogenesis (matrix metalloproteinase 9, nitric oxide synthase trafficking), hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-α, thioredoxin domain containing 5), proliferation (chromosome 10 open reading frame 116), and inflammation [CCL7, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, interleukin 26].

Conclusion.

PCSK6 is upregulated in the synovial tissues of patients with RA and has a genetic effect on the risk of RA. Inhibition of PCSK6 may play a protective role in the development of RA.
Imbalance of Prevalence and Specialty Care for Osteoarthritis for First Nations People in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Barnabe Cheryl , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Jones C. Allyson , Peschken Christine A. , Voaklander Don , Joseph Lawrence , Bernatsky Sasha , Esdaile John M. , Marshall Deborah A.
Published: November 2014

Objective.

To estimate the population-based prevalence and healthcare use for osteoarthritis (OA) by First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) in Alberta, Canada.

Methods.

A cohort of adults with OA (≥ 2 physician claims in 2 yrs or 1 hospitalization with ICD-9-Clinical Modification code 715x or ICD-10-Canadian Adaptation code M15-19, 1993–2010) was defined with FN determination by premium payer status. Prevalence rates (2007/8) were estimated from the cohort and the population registered with the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan. Rates of outpatient primary care and specialist visits (orthopedics, rheumatology, internal medicine), arthroplasty (hip and knee), and all-cause hospitalization were estimated.

Results.

OA prevalence in FN was twice that of the non-FN population [16.1 vs 7.8 cases/100 population, standardized rate ratio (SRR) adjusted for age and sex 2.06, 95% CI 2.00–2.12]. The SRR (adjusted for age, sex, and location of residence) for primary care visits for OA was nearly double in FN compared with non-FN (SRR 1.88, 95% CI 1.87–1.89), and internal medicine visits were increased (SRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.25–1.26). Visit rates with an orthopedic surgeon (SRR 0.49, 95% CI 0.48–0.50) or rheumatologist (SRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.62–0.63) were substantially lower in FN with OA. Hip and knee arthroplasties were performed less frequently in FN with OA (SRR 0.48, 95% CI 0.47–0.49), but all-cause hospitalization rates were higher (SRR 1.59, 95% CI 1.58–1.60).

Conclusion.

We estimate a 2-fold higher prevalence of OA in the FN population with differential healthcare use. Reasons for higher use of primary care and lower use of specialty services and arthroplasty compared with the general population are not yet understood.
Intersubjectivité et inter-intentionnalité
Authors: Roussillon René
Published: December 2014

L’auteur explore la notion de l’inter-intentionnalité comme forme majeure de l’intersubjectivité en ouvrant à la notion d’intentionnalité inconsciente. Après avoir rappelé la dimension messagère de la pulsion, il développe les différents niveaux de complexité de l’intentionnalité. Une lecture critique de la théorie de l’esprit pose la question des capacités d’intentionnalité inconsciente du bébé, bébé sensible aux intentions de l’autre et établissant des stratégies pour les explorer. Un exemple clinique de Winnicott introduit l’idée d’exploration des intentions de l’autre, une intention « potentielle » ne devenant intention effective que si certaines conditions intersubjectives sont réunies. Dans ce contexte, l’auteur développe l’idée que l’intention de l’un vise aussi, à explorer l’intention de l’autre et pose la question de savoir comment transmettre son intentionnalité propre, ceci en particulier dans les situations limites et extrêmes. La dialectique intersubjective est donc une dialectique de l’inter-intentionnalité, c’est au niveau des intentions supposées que s’établissent les échanges. En conclusion, est évoquée la situation psychothérapique en particulier avec les patients narcissiques qui ont besoin de s’assurer des intentions du thérapeute, de mesurer le degré de sécurité de la situation pour savoir jusqu’où relâcher certains mécanismes de contrôle et de défense, jusqu’où laisser revenir à la surface psychique les zones blessées de leur histoire et remettre en chantier les « solutions » historiquement mises en place pour pallier aux effets traumatiques de certaines de leurs expériences passées.
Les éprouvés du corps du bébé, de ses parents et du clinicien
Authors: Rosenblum Ouriel
Published: December 2014

À partir du rôle des affects dans la transcription narrative, nous abordons la représentation mentale des événements interactifs et la capacité de rêverie induisant la narration. L’observation des interactions affectives des parents et du bébé pourrait permettre l’émergence de nos perceptions d’actions motrices non agies, autorisant par notre empathie, la mise en récit de la rêverie parentale, et laissant la place à l’intersubjectivité.
Empathie et adoption
Authors: Le Run Jean-Louis
Published: December 2014

L’adoption est particulièrement concernée par la notion d’empathie, facteur important dans la « réussite » de la greffe que constitue le processus adoptif. À partir d’exemples cliniques puisés dans la consultation adoption qu’il anime, l’auteur souligne à quel point le lien peut être complexe à tisser avec un enfant adopté et comment la bonne volonté parentale peut être mise à mal. Il s’agit toujours d’une rencontre intersubjective qui engage deux partenaires, lesquels l’abordent en fonction de leur vécu présent et passé, des représentations qu’ils convoquent, de leur capacité intersubjective ou empathique, de leur type d’attachement. Dans une visée préventive, il paraît important que cette dimension de l’empathie soit travaillée dès la procédure d’agrément, puis lors des moments-clés du développement ou de l’interrogation de l’enfant ou de l’adolescent sur son histoire. Enfin, l’empathie est un outil précieux pour le thérapeute, qui repose sur ses capacités d’identification, sur sa connaissance des mécanismes psychiques et des spécificités de l’adoption, en particulier des parcours complexes et souvent douloureux des enfants adoptés comme des parents adoptants.
Le retour des révoltes fiscales ?
Authors: Delalande Nicolas
Published: December 2014

À la faveur de la crise économique, des pratiques multiples de contestation de la politique fiscale se sont déployées au cours des années passées, en Europe et aux États-Unis. En France, cette protestation revêt un caractère historique qui lui confère une place particulière dans le répertoire de l’action collective. S’agit-il pour autant de la simple répétition d’une tradition pluriséculaire d’insubordination ? Les usages du passé sont au cœur des processus de (dé) légitimation de ces formes de mobilisation, dont l’effet, dans le cas français, n’est pas tant de subvertir les structures du système fiscal que de les consolider.
Contre l'impôt
Authors: Salin Pascal
Published: December 2014

On peut montrer de manière rigoureuse que l’impôt est par nature destructeur des incitations productives, « antidémocratique » par manque de transparence, arbitraire, déstabilisant et injuste. Or les mérites que certains lui attribuent sont incapables de compenser ces défauts considérables. C’est pourquoi il serait toujours souhaitable de chercher à remplacer le recours à l’impôt (et à la dépense publique correspondante) par la liberté de choix et la liberté contractuelle des individus.
Les formes élémentaires de l'inégalité devant l'impôt
Authors: Spire Alexis
Published: December 2014

L’objectif de cet article est d’appliquer une grille de lecture sociologique à la question de l’inégalité devant l’impôt. Les conditions de production de la loi fiscale et sa mise en œuvre par les agents de l’administration renvoient à des mécanismes sociaux qui sont à l’origine des différences de traitement entre contribuables. Cet accroissement des inégalités face à la contrainte fiscale n’est pas sans influence sur l’évolution du rapport à l’impôt.
Mobilité géographique et insertion professionnelle : les diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur en Tunisie (2004-2008)
Authors: Kriaa Mohamed , Mouaddeb Imen
Published: December 2014

Cet article se propose d’étudier l’impact de la mobilité interrégionale sur le processus de l’insertion professionnelle des diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur de 2004 en Tunisie. Le marché du travail Tunisien a été caractérisé, sur les dix dernières années, par un déséquilibre tant qualitatif que quantitatif, entre une offre d’emploi excédentaire et une demande peu intensive en main-d’œuvre qualifiée. Depuis, les difficultés de l’insertion professionnelle des diplômés se sont particulièrement accrues, aggravées en cela par une forte inégalité spatiale en matière d’opportunités d’emploi. L’analyse des flux migratoires nous permet de mettre l’accent sur le déséquilibre existant entre les gouvernorats notamment quant à la concentration des activités économiques. Nous spécifions et estimons un modèle gravitationnel nous permettant de préciser les déterminants de cette mobilité d’emploi. Le rôle des caractéristiques des gouvernorats de départ semble l’emporter sur celui de destination dans la structuration des processus de mobilité étudiés.
Vers une gouvernance territoriale durable ? Une enquête sur le positionnement des PME
Authors: Cardebat Jean-Marie , Eberhard Harribey Laurence , Musson Anne
Published: December 2014

À partir d’une enquête qualitative auprès de 25 PME françaises, nous analysons la représentation qu’elles se font de leurs territoires et de leurs relations avec les collectivités locales dans le cadre d’une gouvernance durable. L’analyse textuelle effectuée indique que l’hypothèse d’un développement durable local impulsé par les PME ne semble pas à ce jour réaliste. En revanche, une co-construction formelle de ressources par le tandem PME-collectivités territoriales impulsée par ces dernières semble pertinente à terme. Les PME sont en effet en attente d’un engagement fort, mais hétérogène, des collectivités.
Sur le statut épistémologique de l'hypothèse d'efficience des marchés
Authors: Vuillemey Guillaume
Published: December 2014

Dans cet article, nous livrons une analyse du statut épistémologique de l’hypothèse d’efficience des marchés. Sans juger de sa véracité ou de sa fausseté, nous montrons qu’elle ne peut, en aucun sens rigoureux, être entendue comme une proposition empirique testable. Aucune expérience n’existe permettant de la falsifier irrévocablement. A rebours, nous montrons qu’elle ne peut être entendue que comme une proposition analytique, comme inaugurant un nouveau système de définitions cohérent par lui-même. En cela, la formulation de l’hypothèse d’efficience des marchés a ouvert un nouveau programme de recherche, dont nous mettons en évidence les grandes lignes directrices.
Idéologie, sujet et subjectivité en théorie marxiste : Marx et Althusser
Authors: Sobel Richard
Published: December 2014

Cet article examine comment l’approche structuraliste d’Althusser transforme le concept d’idéologie chez Marx. Ce dernier distingue deux fonctions : l’idéologie-description/distorsion et l’idéologie-légitimation/reproduction, mais l’articulation qu’il propose ne semble pas aboutie car elle maintient en arrière-plan une anthropologie phénoménologique des « individus vivants ». En faisant du « sujet » la production de l’idéologie par le mécanisme d’interpellation des individus, Althusser propose de déconstruire cet impensé marxien du « sujet constituant » pour lui substituer une théorie générale du « sujet constitué », théorie plus en phase avec la Science de l’Histoire que Marx a inauguré. Reste à savoir si le « sujet » épuise toutes les dimensions de la « subjectivité », c’est-à-dire si la lecture « structuraliste » peut se passer de la lecture « phénoménologique » de Marx.