bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Space Recursion Method for the Study of Electronic States of Binary Alloys
Authors: Salam M Abdus , Ahmed Kabir , Barua BP , Aziz MSI
Published: February 2010

We have studied here the electronic structure of pure random disordered alloys formed by Ni with Cu and Au at different ratios by using the linearized tight-binding muffin-tin Orbital (TB-LMTO) method. We also used the recursion technique together with augmented space formalism for increasing the efficiency and the accuracy to calculate the component projected density of states. From the density of state, we can understand the Fermi energy, magnetic moment and binding energy at different alloy compositions. The band structure can be calculated from here also. These studies are helpful for experimentalists and metallurgists in designing materials and alloys with specific properties. Key words: Electronic structure, Alloys, TB-LMTO, Density of states, Augmented space recursion   DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 255-264, 2009
Quality Assessment of Dry Fishes of Bangladesh with the Special Emphasis on Harmful Additives
Authors: Bhuiyan M Nurul Huda , Dawlatana Mamtaz , Bhuiyan Habibur Rahman , Lucky Farhana Akter , Saha Barun Kanti , Bhuiyan M Nazrul Islam
Published: February 2010

Proximate biochemical analysis and screening of organochlorine insecticides (Heptachlor and DDT) of six dry fish samples namely Bombay duck (Loittya), Ribbon fish (Chhuri), Anchovy (Teilla phasa), Croaker (Poa), Chinese pomfret (Rupchanda) and Indian salmon (Lakhua) were analyzed to assess the quality of dry fishes of Bangladesh. The fish samples were concentrated source of protein (minimum 42.50% in Indian salmon to maximum 64.51% in Ribbon fish) and ash (mineral) (minimum 0.21% in Indian salmon to maximum 6.44% in Croaker fish). Organochlorine insecticides (DDT and Heptachlor) were found in all the samples of dry fish analyzed. The minimum concentration of Heptachlor and DDT were found in Ribbon fish (0.778 ppb) and in Chinese pomfret (7.849 ppb) respectively and the maximum concentration of Heptachlor and DDT were found in Chinese pomfret (54.753 ppb) and in Indian salmon 233.727 ppb respectively. Key words: Dry fish, Concentration, Organochlorine insecticides, DDT, Heptachlor, Proximate analysis. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4404 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 311-318, 2009
Study on Temporal Variation of Physico-chemical Parameters of Buriganga River Water through GIS (Geographical Information System) Technology
Authors: Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Elahi Syed Fasle , Jahangir Md Abu Anis
Published: February 2010

Now a days, Buriganga is one of the most polluted rivers in Bangladesh. Most of the industries and factories of Dhaka are situated on the banks of the Buriganga or very close to the river system. Substantial part of urban sewage of the Dhaka city is also thrown in the Buriganga river. A study was conducted to determine the pollution level of water of Buriganga river. Field investigation was started from June 2004 and Sample collection was conducted six times at an interval of two months up to April, 2005. Different water quality parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, DO, Cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+,NH4+) and anions (HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-) were examined for water of each sampling points to monitor the level of these parameters where it exceed or within the permissible limit. Present investigation suggested that, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration of water of Buriganga river was very low particularly in dry season (2-3 mg/l). Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3-) concentration near Hazaribagh, Sadarghat, Zinzira, Lalbagh, Kotouali and Shutrapur area were very high, which crossed the maximum permissible limit. In dry season the level of pollution was much high than in wet season. That indicates the water of Buriganga was not safe for drinking purposes, irrigation, fisheries, recreational activities and various industrial uses for most of the times of year. Key words: Buriganga river, GIS technology, Temporal variation DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4406 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 327-334, 2009
Assessment and Treatment of the Supplied Pipeline Water of Selected Areas of Dhaka City
Authors: Aktar Zakia , Fakhruddin ANM , Ahmed M Shakir Uddin , Nasreen Tania , Parveen Sahana
Published: February 2010

An investigation was carried out to assess the microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics of piped water supply of different areas of Dhaka City and the results were compared with the standard value of different organizations (i.e., WHO, DoE). The results revealed that microbiologically, 88.9% samples failed to ensure the standard level for drinking water due to the presence of TVB (total viable bacteria), TC (total coliform), TFC (total faecal coliform), TF (total fungal), Salmonella sp. and klebsiella sp. in the supplied water. However except turbidity other physico-chemical factors of supplied water were found satisfactory. Boiling for 5 minutes was found suitable for treatment of contaminated supplied water sample. Bleaching powder, sodium hypochlorite solution and Halotab were found suitable for the treatment of contaminated supplied water samples. Key words: Water, Assessment, Microbiological, Physico-chemical parameters, Disinfectant. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4407 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3),335-340, 2009
In Vitro Clonal Propagation of Scoparia dulcis L., a Perennial Medicinal Herb
Authors: Hassan AKM Sayeed , Bari Laila Shamroze , Sultana Rebeka , Begum Nadira , Khatun Rahima
Published: February 2010

An efficient protocol was established for in vitro clonal propagation of the perennial medicinal herb Scoparia dulcis L. (Family. Scrophulariaceae) through in vitro culture. Apical and axillary buds of young sprouts from selected plants were used as explants. Best shoot induction was observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BAP, in which 94% of the explants produced 12 shoots per culture. Repeated subcultures in the same medium, resulted rapid shoot multiplication with 16 shoots per culture. The half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/l IBA +0.5 mg/l NAA the highest percentage (85.20) and maximum number (13.40) of roots were initiated within four weeks of culture. For acclimatization and transplantation, the plantlets in the rooting culture tubes were kept in normal room temperature for 7 days before transplanting in pots where plantlets were reared for three weeks. The survival rate of regenerated plantlets was 85%. Key words: Scoparia dulcis, Medicinal plant, Shoot proliferation, Micropropagation, Acclimatization, IAA (indoleacetic acid), IBA(indolebutanoic acid), NAA(α-naphthaleneacetic acid), BAP(benzylamino purine) DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4408 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 341-346, 2009
An approach to Produce Biodiesel From Non-edible Jatropha curcus Oil through Dual Step Process: Preesterification and Transesterification
Authors: Sujan SM Asaduzzaman , Hirata Shizuko , Minowa Tomoaki
Published: February 2010

Studies were carried out to produce potential biodiesel from non-edible oil of Jatropha curcus. Due to its high free fatty acid (12% FFA), the crude Jatropha oil was processed in two steps: the acid-catalyzed esterification and followed by the base-catalyzed transesterification. The first step reduced the FFA level to less than 1% in 1h at 50°C for the 0.40 w/w methanol-to-oil ratio with 1% w/w of H2SO4. After the reaction, the mixture was stagnated for an hour and the methanol-water upper layer was discarded. The second step converted the product of the first step into biodiesel and glycerol through transesterification using 0.20 w/w methanol-to-oil and 0.5% w/w NaOH to oil as alkaline catalyst at 65°C. The maximum yield of biodiesel (organic phase of upper layer) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield were achieved at about 95% and 84% within 1 hour respectively. The glycerol concentration in the byproduct (glycerol layer) obtained after dual step transesterification was found 32%. Key words: Jatropha curcus, Biodiesel, Esterification, Glycerol and Fatty acid DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4409 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 347-352, 2009
Nutrient Elements in Some Benchmark Soil Pedons from the Ganges River Floodplain of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain MM , Khan ZH , Hussain MS
Published: February 2010

This paper presents the results of chemical analysis of seven selected nutrient elements in soil samples collected from four pedons representing four extensive benchmark soil series from the Ganges river floodplain of Bangladesh. The results of total and available N, P and K contents as well as DTPA (diethelene-triamine pentaacetic acid) -extractable and total Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn contents in the soils were reported. With respect to nutrient status, the soils were rated as fertile with reasonably high production potential under balanced fertilization. The nutrient contents are presumed to be renewed every year by fresh siltation during the monsoon floods. High contents of total iron and potassium in these soils are noteworthy features. Iron in these paddy soils forms redoximorphic features. The release mechanism of K+ from the potash bearing minerals needs further study to determine the need for K fertilization in these soils. The total quantities of the seven studied nutrients in these soils vary widely. In the same way the quantities of extractable (available) nutrients in the soils vary widely. For elements like P, K and Fe less than one percent of the total remain in the available forms. Soil characteristics like organic matter, clay content, cation exchange capacity, pH and lime content have important roles in the availability of nutrients in soils. Keywords: Ganges floodplain, Benchmark soil, DTPA-extractable micronutrients, Soil characteristics DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4411 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 359-366, 2009
Evaluation of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek) Genotypes on the Basis of Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Accumulation
Authors: Hossain MA , Hamid A , Khaliq MA
Published: February 2010

The study was carried out to evaluate six mungbean genotypes on the basis of photosynthesis and productivity under two levels of nitrogen. GK3 was found to have highest photosynthesis rate as well as the highest productivity among the six genotypes followed by VC6144A, PDM54 and IPSA25 irrespective of N levels. Key words: Mungbean, genotypes, photosynthesis. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4415J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 1-8, June 2009
Effect of Nature of Trellis on the Performance of Boro Rice and Vegetable Crops Grown in the Ails of Boro Rice Field
Authors: Hasan MA , Hasan SM , Islam N
Published: February 2010

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from December 2004 to May 2005 to determine the most effective kind of trellis for the rice-cum-vegetable production system. The treatments consisted of five crop combinations viz. C0: rice alone i.e. control, C1: rice + bottle gourd, C2: rice + white gourd, C3: rice + snake gourd and C4: rice + bitter gourd, and four levels of trellises viz. T1: flat trellis, T2: T-trellis (180 cm breadth), T3: T-trellis (240 cm breadth) and T4: X-trellis (cross trellis). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Vegetable seeds were sown directly in the pit made on ails of Boro rice field. Later, vegetable crops were supported by trellis made with bamboo and plastic rope arrangements. Results showed that yield and yield contributing characters of Boro rice along with vegetable and rice equivalent yields varied significantly due to crop combination, nature of trellis and their interactions. The trellis-grown bitter gourd (C4) and bottle gourd (C1) did not significantly reduce rice yields compared to that obtained from sole rice plot. Grain yields reductions due to trellis-grown vegetable were just marginal. Regarding vegetable yield, white gourd (C2) on the ails of Boro rice plots gave the highest yield of 14.52 tha-1 followed by 9.73 tha-1 of bottle gourd (C1). In respect of cost of production, both flat trellis (T1) and T-trellis with 180 cm breadth (T2) were found to be the most suitable trellises for Boro rice-cum-vegetable cultivation on the ails of growing rice crop. Key words: Trellis, performance, vegetable crops, Ail, Boro rice. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4417 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 15-21, June 2009
Bed Planting  A New Crop Establishment Method for Wheat in Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Mollah MIU , Bhuiya MSU , Kabir MH
Published: February 2010

An experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur during Rabi season 2001-02 and 2002-03 to determine the effects of bed width, plant row number bed-1 and seed rate on the agro-economic productivity of wheat under bed planting in rice-wheat cropping system. Bed planting in 70, 80 and 90 cm wide beds with two and three plant rows bed-1 along with conventional method and 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1 seed rates were tested. Seventy-centimeter wide beds increased grain yield of wheat up to 21% over conventional method. It increased the number of panicles m-2, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight of wheat. Sterility percentage was lower in bed than conventional method. Weed infestation was less in bed planting. It saved 41-48 % irrigation water. The cost of cultivation was lower and gross return, gross margin and benefit-cost ratio were higher in bed planting than conventional method. Key words: Bed planting, wheat, crop establishment. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4418 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 23-31, June 2009
Selection of Mungbean Variety for Rice-Wheat-Fallow Cropping System -A Participatory Research and Development (PR&D) Approach
Authors: Bari MN , Islam MR
Published: February 2010

The study was conducted at three villages under Birganj upazilla of Dinajpur district to select suitable mungbean genotype to fit in the rice-wheat-fallow cropping system. Nine advanced mungbean genotypes and a check variety were tested in the farmers' fields through mother and baby trials managed by the farmers themselves. The mother trials were laid down in a radomized completely block design with three replications. Based on farmers' judgment regarding field performances and post-harvest evaluation on growth, field duration, seed yield, taste, cooking and milling quality, VC3960-88 appeared as the most preferred genotype. Farmers also preferred VC6153B-20P next to the above genotype. The baby trials conducted in thirty farmers' field reaffirmed that VC3960-88 was also the most preferred genotype. The performance of genotypes in baby trials and subsequent preference of the farmers signified the role of mother-baby trial approach towards selecting mungbean genotype by themselves. Key words: Variety, mungbean, selection, cropping system, PR & D approach. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4419 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 33-40, June 2009
Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat and Transplant Aman Rice under Bed Planting Method in Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Mollah MIU , Bhuiya MSU , Khatun A
Published: February 2010

An experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) experimental farm, Gazipur and at farmer's field in Chuadanga during Rabi season 2001-02 (November - March) to Kharif-II season 2002 (June - November) to determine the effect of different doses of N fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat and transplant Aman rice and to compare the N use efficiency in bed planting and conventional method in rice-wheat cropping system. Bed planting with 0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1 and conventional (flat) method with 0 and 100 kg N ha-1 were tested. The yields increase of wheat in bed planting with 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1 over 100 kg N ha-1 in conventional method were 10-21, 20-29 and 23-38%, respectively. For transplant Aman rice, bed planting with 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1 and conventional method with 100 kg N ha-1 produced statistically identical grain yield. Bed planting increased the grain number panicle-1 and reduced sterility of both wheat and transplant Aman rice. Nitrogen use efficiency such as partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency were higher in bed planting than conventional method and it saved about 20% N without losing yield of wheat and transplant Aman rice. Key words: Nitrogen use efficiency, rice, wheat and bed planting. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4420 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 41-49, June 2009
Accumulated Heat Unit and Phenology of Wheat Cultivars as Influenced by Late Sowing Heat Stress Condition
Authors: Sikder S
Published: February 2010

Accumulated heat unit and phenology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were studied under normal and late sowing heat stress conditions by seeding them on November 30 and December 30, 2006. November 30 sowing was considered as normal sowing condition, whereas December 30 sowing was regarded as late sowing heat stress condition. Four heat tolerant wheat cultivars, Gourab, Sourav, Kanchan and Shatabdi and two heat sensitive cultivars, Sonora and Kalyansona were used as study materials. The results indicated that the number of days required to attain different phenological stages with late growing condition. For all the phenological stages plants of normal sowing condition needed higher heat units than the late sowing condition. At the earlier phenological stages phenothermal indices decreased with late sowing compared to normal sowing but increased at the later stages. At normal sowing condition all the cultivars showed higher heat use efficiencies compared to late sowing condition. The heat tolerant cultivars, Gourab, Sourav, Kanchan and Shatabdi exihited better performance in phenology, growing degree day, helio-thermal unit and finally used heat more efficiently than the heat sensitive cultivars, Sonora and Kalyansona. Key words: Wheat, phenology and heat use efficiency. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4422 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 57-64, June 2009
Measurement and Analysis of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Modern Variety Potato
Authors: Baset MA , Karim MR , Akter M
Published: February 2010

The study dealt with the whole scenario of modern variety potato production in Bangladesh covering the period from 1980-81 to 2005-06. The study estimated the extent of shift of production function or the supply curve of modern variety of potato in Bangladesh. The total factor productivity index was estimated using the Tornqvist-Theil index formulation. The growth rate of area, production and yield were found increasing steadily from the year 1980-81. A substantial change has been started from the year 1998-99. The trend of inputs used was found increasing. Almost all the partial as well as the input, output and total factor productivity indices were also found increasing. It may be concluded that for sustaining the present growth of modern variety potato production, the development of new varieties of potato and extensive extension works are needed. Key words: Growth rate, partial factor productivity, total factor productivity, modern variety potato. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4423 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 65-71, June 2009
Study on the Suitability of Banana Varieties in Relation to Preparation of Chips
Authors: Molla MM , Nasrin TAA , Islam M Nazrul
Published: February 2010

A study was conducted at Postharvest Technology Section, Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) under Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur during October 2007 to December 2008 to find a suitable variety for preparation of quality banana chips and their good packaging. Three banana varieties viz. Sabri, BARI Kola-1 and BARI Kola-2 and three packaging materials viz. low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene and metalex foil pouch were selected for this. The fresh pulps of banana were analyzed for its nutritional composition like moisture content, protein, fat, reducing sugar, non- reducing sugar and total sugar. Based on taste testing panel, freshly prepared chips from Sabri kola scored first for its colour. For crispiness, BARI Kola-2 obtained the lowest score while Sabri and BARI Kola-1 showed the same score. There was no statistically difference for taste, flavour and overall acceptability of the products. Key words: Banana chips, oil content, moisture content, packaging, sensory evaluation. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4425 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 81-86, June 2009
Variability, Correlation Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Components of Pointed Gourd
Authors: Khan ASMMR , Kabir MY , Alam MM
Published: February 2010

The experiment was conducted with 24 accessions of pointed gourd at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during the growing season 2005-2006. Evaluation of 24 accessions of pointed gourd for yield and yield components reveled high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV, respectively). Wide variations among the accessions in respect of plant, leaf, flower, fruit and seed characters were recorded. The accessions varied significantly for days required to first flowering, number of node at 1st harvest, inter node length at first harvest, vine length at 1st harvest, fruit length, fruit breath, fruit weight, pulp weight per fruit, pulp seed ratio, number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, weight of seed per fruit and yield. Key words: PVC; GVC; Correlation; Path Analysis; Pointed gourd. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4427 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 93-98, June 2009
Effect of Some Containers, Chemicals and Indigenous Materials on Incidence of Wheat Pests in Storage
Authors: Ali MY , Latif MA , Ali M
Published: February 2010

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of some containers, chemicals and indigenous materials for protection of wheat seed in storage at the Entomology Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka. Wheat seeds were stored in four types of containers (Tin kouta, earthen pot, plastic container and gunny bag) with two types of chemicals (Naphthalene and camphor) and two indigenous materials (neem leaf powder and sand). Among the different containers, the lowest population of grain moth (1.40-7.93), red flour beetle (6.40-35.33) and rice weevil (0.20-9.13) was recorded from the plastic containers. At the initial stage of storage, grain moth was dominant but red flour beetle was abundant at the middle and later stage of storage. Population of rice weevil was gradually increased with storage period. Considering the storage materials, the lowest population of grain moth (3.92-28.98), red flour beetle (7.58-43.08) and rice weevil (0.75-9.08) was found in naphthalene. Camphor had the similar population level of those three insect pests during the study period. Key words: Grain moth; rice weevil; red flour beetle; neem leaf powder; camphor; naphthalene. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4429 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 107-113, June 2009
Comparative Efficiency of Some Indigenous Traps to Capture Rats in the Wheat Field of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasanuzzaman ATM , Alam MS , Bazzaz MM
Published: February 2010

Comparative efficiency of some indigenous traps for capturing rodents was evaluated in the wheat fields of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh during August 2007 to May 2008. Five different types of traps such as, cage type live trap, box type live trap, wooden live trap, tin made snap trap and wooden snap trap were evaluated and five types of bait (bread, potato, coconut meat, dry fish and paddy grain) were used for trapping rodents. At grain filling and ripening stages of wheat, the cage type live trap was found most effective (44.11% success) followed by tin made snap trap (30.73% success), wooden snap trap (14.62% success), box type live trap (10.41% success) and wooden live trap (9.85% success) using bread, dry fish, paddy grain, coconut and potato as bait. About 99 per cent of the trapped rats were identified as Badicota bengalensis and only 1 per cent was Mus terricolor. The descending order of preference of bait by B. bengalensis was: paddy grain> bread> dry fish> coconut> potato. A considerable number of shrew, Suncus murinus (12.72% of total animal) was also captured all over the season. Key words: Traps; rat capture; wheat field. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4431 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 121-125, June 2009
Effects of Changes in Water Use on Rural Landscape Integrity: Tortum Lake Watershed, Turkey
Authors: Angin Ilker , Karahan Faris
Published: February 2010

The effects of changes in water use of Tortum Lake watershed were studied. This study investigates the effects of changes in water use culture, and its reflection on landscape during the last 35 years time period. In the last 35 years of time period, factors which caused the changes in type of water use can be discussed and determined under four subjects, which are; (1) fountains constructed built in Tortum Lake watershed by General Directorate of Rural Services (KHGM) in 1975 (2) facilitating the transportation which increased the urban integration, widespread communication, establishing the drinking and usable water systems, (3) changes in water use of traditional agriculture system and establishment of trout production facilities, and (4) establishment of high plateau roads and spreading the recreational activities. From this study, evident changes in (1) structure of cultural and rural landscape (2) sort of traditional architecture (3) type of household water use, were observed. It was found that water resources are contaminated with household pollutants. Key words: Water use culture; rural landscape; Tortum Lake watershed. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4434 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 139-144, June 2009
Assessment of Farmers Adaptability of a Pedal Pump
Authors: Iqbal MT
Published: February 2010

Manual pumps are now a days very popular among small and marginal farmers of Bangladesh. Among the manual pumps the farmers predominantly use treadle pumps. It was found from study that the present structural design, the operation of the pump is tedious and at the same time very ineffective, which needs necessary modifications. An improved version of treadle pump called pedal pump was designed and fabricated at Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna, which is by-cycle operated, comfortable to operate, capable of lifting surface and ground water having discharge range from 60-100 litres per minute at different suction heads (up to 7 meters). The objective of the study was to assess the socio-economic profile of the pedal pump users and to determine the adaptability of the pedal pump by the farmers as perceived by them. For demonstration of pedal pump 12 demonstrated and 120 non-demonstrated farmers were selected at Pabna, Thakurgaon and Chuadanga district of Bangladesh. Demonstration farmers have smaller land holding (0.47 ha) and higher number of family size (8 Nos.) compared to non-demonstration farmers. Pedal pump has a potentiality to use as a small-scale irrigation device opined by 92% demonstration and 88% non-demonstration farmers. Sixty seven percent demonstrated and 80% of non-demonstrated farmers expressed that the price of pedal pump were satisfactory and 67% demonstrated and 64% non-demonstrated farmers expressed their willingness to buy pedal pump. Operation of the pedal pump, as perceived by the farmers is much easier and comfortable than treadle pump. Key words: Marginal farmers; assessment; farmer's adaptability; pedal pump. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4435 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 145-150, June 2009
Use of Duckweed as Feed for Fishes in Polyculture
Authors: Kabir ANMA , Hossain MA , Rahman MS
Published: February 2010

Effect of duckweed supplementation as fish feed to polyculture system was investigated. Fish were reared for 90 days with or without duckweed supplementation. The ponds were fertilized with cowdung, urea and triple super phosphate. All the important physico-chemical factors including temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, phosphate-phosphorus and nitrate-nitrogen were within productive ranges for fish culture. Ponds were stocked with silver carp, Thai sharputui, tilapia, common carp and mrigel. After a 90 days rearing period, net fish production was found to be significantly higher in fish fed duckweed at a rate of 20% of body weight compared to fish without duckweed supplement. It was concluded that duckweed can effectively be used as feed for polyculture of fish. Key words: Duckweed; polyculture; feed. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4437 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 157-160, June 2009
Introduction: The History of Social Epistemology
Authors: Schmitt Frederick F. , Scholz Oliver R.
Published: February 2010

Social epistemology is a burgeoning branch of contemporary epistemology. Since the 1970s, philosophers have taken an ever-increasing interest in such topics as the epistemic value of testimony, the nature and function of expertise, the proper distribution of cognitive labor and resources among individuals in communities, and the status of group reasoning and knowledge. This trend emerged against the resistance of the widely shared view that social considerations are largely irrelevant to epistemological concerns. The trend was stimulated by diverse approaches to the study of knowledge, in such fields as library science, educational theory, the sociology of science, and economics, and within philosophy itself, in the decades preceding the 1980s. To name only a few influences within philosophy, W. V. Quine promoted a naturalistic approach to knowledge, and many who accepted the relevance of nature to epistemology found it sensible to accept the relevance of social factors as well. Thomas S. Kuhn suggested that social factors precipitate revolutionary conceptual and doctrinal changes in the history of science. And feminist epistemologists uncovered the importance of gender differences in knowledge – a species of social factor.
Seeking the Truth and Taking Care for Common Goods–Plato on Expertise and Recognizing Experts
Authors: Hardy Jörg
Published: February 2010

In this paper I discuss Plato's conception of expertise as a part of the Platonic theory of a good, successful life (eudaimonia). In various Platonic dialogues, Socrates argues that the good life requires a certain kind of knowledge that guides all our good, beneficial actions: the “knowledge of the good and bad”, which is to be acquired by “questioning ourselves and examining our and others’ beliefs”. This knowledge encompasses the particular knowledge of how to recognize experts in a given technical domain. The central element in Socrates’ account of an expert is what I call the truth-and-caring criterion: an expert has to make seeking the truth and avoiding (avoidable) error her supreme epistemic goal and she has to make caring for common goods the supreme goal of practising her expertise.
Medieval Social Epistemology:Scientiafor Mere Mortals
Authors: Pasnau Robert
Published: February 2010

Medieval epistemology begins as ideal theory: when is one ideally situated with regard to one's grasp of the way things are? Taking as their starting point Aristotle'sPosterior Analytics, scholastic authors conceive of the goal of cognitive inquiry as the achievement ofscientia, a systematic body of beliefs, grasped as certain, and grounded in demonstrative reasons that show the reason why things are so. Obviously, however, there is not much we know in this way. The very strictness of this ideal in fact gives rise to a body of literature on how Aristotle's framework might be relaxed in various ways, for certain specific purposes. In asking such questions, scholastic authors are in effect pursuing the project of social epistemology, by trying to adapt their ideal theory to the circumstances of everyday life.
Kant and the Enlightenment's Contribution to Social Epistemology
Authors: Gelfert Axel
Published: February 2010

The present paper argues for the relevance of Immanuel Kant and the German Enlightenment to contemporary social epistemology. Rather than distancing themselves from the alleged ‘individualism’ of Enlightenment philosophers, social epistemologists would be well-advised to look at the substantive discussion of social-epistemological questions in the works of Kant and other Enlightenment figures. After a brief rebuttal of the received view of the Enlightenment as an intrinsically individualist enterprise, this paper charts the historical trajectory of philosophical discussions of testimony as a source of knowledge, via such philosophers as C. Thomasius, C. A. Crusius, J. M. Chladenius, G. F. Meier, and finally Kant. Building on recent work on Kant's epistemology of testimony, the paper considers Kant's broader contributions to social epistemology. This includes an analysis of Kant's comments on the social basis of contingent epistemic standards, e.g. in the sciences, as well as on problems arising from the management of what Kant calls the growing ‘volume of knowledge’. Special attention is paid to the relation between Kant's views and contemporary problems arising both in the context of education and from our increased reliance on scientific experts.
Synthesis of a new class of aminocyclitol analogues with the conduramine D-2 configuration
Authors: Kelebekli Latif , Kara Yunus , Celik Murat
Published: February 2010

A new class of aminocyclitol derivatives with the bicyclo[4.2.0]octane skeleton was synthesized starting from cyclooctatetraene. Photooxygenation of trans-7,8-diacetoxy- and cis-7,8-dichlorobicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-diene afforded the bicyclic endoperoxides. Reduction of the latter with thiourea followed by a Pd(0) catalyzed ionization/cyclization reaction gave the corresponding oxazolidinone derivatives. Oxidation of the double bond with KMnO4 or OsO4 followed by acetylation gave the acetate derivatives, the exact configuration of which was determined by spectroscopic methods. Hydrolysis of the oxazolidinone rings and removal of the acetate groups furnished the desired aminocyclitols.
Thrombin-cleaved Osteopontin Is Increased in Urine of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: SHIO KIORI , KOBAYASHI HIROKO , ASANO TOMOYUKI , SAITO RIE , IWADATE HARUYO , WATANABE HIROSHI , SAKUMA HIROFUMI , SEGAWA TETSUYA , MAEDA MASAHIRO , OHIRA HIROMASA
Published: February 2010

Objective.

To measure concentrations of the thrombin-cleaved isoform of osteopontin (OPN) in urine and plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess whether levels of thrombin-cleaved OPN are associated with measures of RA.

Methods.

Subjects comprised 70 patients with RA, 20 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and 46 healthy controls. RA disease activity was evaluated by tender joint count, swollen joint count, patient’s global assessment of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and rheumatoid factor (RF), as well as 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28). OPN levels in plasma and urine were measured by ELISA.

Results.

Median levels of thrombin-cleaved OPN in urine (U-half) were significantly higher in RA patients (143.5 pmol/mmol Cr) than in healthy controls (67.9 pmol/mmol Cr) or OA patients (69.8 pmol/mmol Cr). Thrombin-cleaved OPN was not detected in plasma. U-half levels correlated significantly with levels of CRP (r = 0.26, p = 0.03), ESR (r = 0.26, p = 0.03), and RF (r = 0.28, p = 0.03). Median U-half levels were significantly higher in patients with stage III (249.9 pmol/mmol Cr) and IV (251.6 pmol/mmol Cr) disease than in patients with stage I (98.6 pmol/mmol Cr) disease.

Conclusion.

Our results suggest that urine levels of the thrombin-cleaved isoform of OPN may reflect the severity of active inflammatory arthritis in patients with RA.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Osteoblasts in Zygapophyseal Joints of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Reveal Repair Mechanisms Similar to Osteoarthritis
Authors: APPEL HEINER , MAIER RENÉ , LODDENKEMPER CHRISTOPH , KAYSER RALPH , MEIER OLIVER , HEMPFING AXEL , SIEPER JOACHIM
Published: February 2010

Objective.

New bone formation of the spine is a typical feature of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). It is unknown whether new bone formation is part of a physiological repair process or a unique pathological entity of the disease.

Methods.

We analyzed zygapophyseal joints from patients with AS and osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing spinal surgery for rigid hyperkyphosis (AS) or radiculopathy caused by severe OA. In 17 patients with AS, 11 with OA, and 5 controls we performed immunohistochemical analysis of osteoprotegerin (OPG), nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteocalcin (OC) expression in osteoblasts and determined the trabecular thickness in AS and OA patients and controls. Osteoclasts were detected by tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP) staining.

Results.

Trabecular thickness was significantly lower in patients with AS compared to OA (p = 0.01). The absolute number of CD56+ osteoblasts (p < 0.001) and OC+ (p = 0.002), OPG+ (p = 0.003), and RANKL+ osteoblasts (p = 0.03) in AS patients was also significantly lower than in OA patients. The percentages of OC+, OPG+, and RANKL+ osteoblasts did not differ between AS and OA (p > 0.05 in all cases). In controls, the percentages of OPG+ (p = 0.013) and OC+ (p = 0.034) but not RANKL+ (p > 0.05) osteoblasts were significantly lower compared to AS patients. The frequency of TRAP+ osteoclasts in AS patients was significantly lower compared to OA (p < 0.001), but higher compared to controls.

Conclusion.

Immunohistochemical analysis of zygapophyseal joints suggested that osteoblast activity is similar in AS and OA, indicating that new bone formation is possibly a physiological function of repair in both diseases.
Evaluación de la susceptibilidad de formación de fisuras en frío en juntas soldadas de aceros de alta resistencia y baja aleación
Authors: Silverio-Freire Júnior R. C. , Moura-Maciel T. , Guedes da Silva P.
Published: February 2010

Este trabajo evalúa la influencia de la variación de temperatura de precalentamiento, del tiempo de secado del electrodo, de la composición química y del espesor del metal base sobre la formación de fisuras en frío, inducidas por el hidrógeno en juntas soldadas de aceros de alta resistencia y baja aleación y su relación con la microestructura y dureza resultante. Para esto, se analizó la presencia de fisuras en frío en probetas para ensayos Tekken, fabricadas a partir de chapas de aceros SAR 80 T, 100 T y 120 T, con diferentes espesores y soldados por proceso de arco eléctrico con electrodo revestido, sin precalentamiento y con precalentamiento, a 375, 455 y 525 K, empleando electrodos AWS E 12018 G y 11018 G no secados y secados durante 2, 3 y 4 h. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron la presencia de fisuras únicamente en la zona de metal de aporte con una combinación de los valores de dureza superiores a 230 Hv y con porcentajes de ferrita acicular superiores al 93 %, obtenidos sin precalentamiento. Además de ello, en las chapas de mayor espesor, se obtuvo una mayor susceptibilidad a la fisuración en frío, aunque presentasen menor valor de carbono equivalente.
Consolidación de polvo de hierro mediante sinterización por resistencia eléctrica
Authors: Montes J. M. , Rodríguez J. A. , Herrera E. J.
Published: February 2010

Se describe y analiza una modalidad de prensado en caliente, en la que la masa de polvo sometida a compresión se calienta simultáneamente por el paso de una corriente de elevada intensidad. Las experiencias se han realizado a partir de polvo de hierro de pureza comercial. Se ha prestado especial atención a la cinética de densificación del proceso, a la que se aporta una interpretación microscópica cualitativa, basada en la hipótesis de la formación y rápida solidificación de fase líquida. Dicha interpretación se apoya en el estudio de la evolución de las curvas de porosidad global y resistencia eléctrica de las muestras sometidas a sinterización. Se comparan, asimismo, las microestructuras características obtenidas mediante el procesado convencional (prensado en frío y sinterización en homo) y las obtenidas con el sinterizado por resistencia eléctrica
Inyección de mineral de manganeso en acero líquido
Authors: Vargas-Ramírez M. , Romero-Serrano A. , Angeles-Hernández M. , Chávez-Alcalá F.
Published: February 2010

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio, teórico y experimental, para determinar la velocidad de reducción de MnO inyectado dentro de acero líquido con contenidos de carbono de 0,5, 1,0 y 2,0 % masa, a 1.600 °C. El modelo considera que se establecen dos zonas de reacción: la transitoria, que se produce entre las partículas inyectadas y el metal líquido, y la permanente, que tiene lugar en la interfase entre el metal y la escoria. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en un horno de inducción de 10 kg de capacidad con refractario de alta alúmina. Los resultados muestran que la reacción transitoria produce una mayor reducción de MnO que la reacción permanente. La reducción de MnO con silicio es más importante cuando la basicidad de la escoria es elevada debido a que se disminuye la aSi02. Para una basicidad baja y un alto contenido de carbono en el baño, la eficiencia de la reducción de MnO con silicio disminuye, aunque el silicio sigue siendo mejor reductor que el carbono.
Modelación matemática de la evolución de la temperatura en la banda laminada en caliente
Authors: Camurri C.
Published: February 2010

Se construye un modelo matemático simple que describe la evolución de la temperatura de la banda durante su laminación en caliente en el tren continuo acabador. El modelo calcula las temperaturas finales, a la salida de tren continuo acabador de seis cajas y de bobinado. La simulación predice, en modo satisfactorio, el enfriamiento de la banda, con desviaciones de + 6,5 °C para una caída total media de temperatura en las seis cajas, de 150 °C con un error medio del 4,3 %. Para la temperatura de bobinado, la diferencia es de + 9,2 °C para una caída de temperatura media de 240 °C en la mesa de enfriamiento, con un error medio del 3,8 %.
Obtención de materiales antifricción hierro-arrabio-latón utilizando residuos de virutas de arrabio
Authors: Nasamov S. N. , Krivij N. , Gudenau H. W. , Babich A. I. , García L. L. , Formoso A. , Cores A.
Published: February 2010

Las piezas base hierro y acero, obtenidas por pulvimetalurgia, tienen gran utilización en la industria del automóvil y de equipos domésticos. El presente trabajo está dedicado al estudio de las propiedades antifricción de materiales de composición hierro-arrabio-latón, aglomerados mediante prensado y sinterización, obtenidos con mezclas de polvos de hierro, residuos industriales de virutas de arrabio, latón, talco y azufre. Los experimentos fueron hechos utilizando la tecnología de prensado en frío, utilizando una matriz fluida, sin empleo de lubricante sólido. Posteriormente, se realizó una sinterización a temperatura de 1.200 °C en condiciones isotérmicas, en atmósfera de nitrógeno, en la zona de sinterización durante una hora. Las propiedades físico-mecánicas y antifricción aumentan, en casi dos veces, como resultado del drenaje activo de los gases desde el molde. El estudio de la microestructura de los materiales sinterizados demuestra que existe cementita libre entre los límites de partículas y alrededor de los poros. Se observan grandes aglomeraciones de inclusiones oscuras, compuestas de grafito, zinc y óxidos de hierro, que son centros de tensiones en el material, disminuyendo su resistencia y, por consiguiente, la resistencia a la fricción durante el rozamiento sin lubricante.
Adsorción de metales pesados sobre cascarilla de laminación
Authors: López F. A. , Martín M. I. , Pérez C. , López-Delgado A. , Alguacil F. J.
Published: February 2010

Una gran cantidad de industrias son responsables de contaminar el medio ambiente, a través de los metales pesados contenidos en sus aguas residuales; metales que tanto por motivos económicos como medioambientales interesa recuperar. Se ha estudiado la utilización de cascarilla de laminación, procedente del proceso de laminación en caliente de los aceros, como adsorbente para la eliminación de metales pesados contenidos en efluentes líquidos. La adsorción de Zn+2, Cd+2 y Pb+2, sobre la cascarilla de laminación se determina mediante la obtención de las isotermas de adsorción, variando la concentración de las soluciones metálicas y analizando la influencia del tiempo y de la temperatura de equilibrio en la capacidad de adsorción de la cascarilla. Para describir el proceso de adsorción se consideraron las teorías de Langmuir y Freundlich. Se estudió también el proceso de desorción de los metales de cascarillas cargadas utilizando distintos desorbentes y diferentes condiciones experimentales. Se ha demostrado que la cascarilla es un adsorbente efectivo para los cationes estudiados en solución acuosa, en el rango de concentraciones empleado.
Relación entre los mecanismos de alimentación y el modo de solidificación en una aleación de aluminio 380 con distintos contenidos de hierro
Authors: Tovio D. O. , González A. C. , Mugica G. W. , Cuyás J. C.
Published: February 2010

En el presente trabajo ha sido estudiado el efecto del Fe (0,15, 0,40 y 0,85 %) sobre los mecanismos de alimentación en una aleación de aluminio 380 (L-2630, EN-46.000). Se evaluó la capacidad de alimentación, mediante un dispositivo consistente en una barrera movible que permite escurrir al líquido interdendrítico. Los resultados muestran el escurrimiento de distinta cantidad de líquido, dependiendo de la temperatura de apertura del dispositivo y del contenido de Fe de la aleación. Para los contenidos mínimos y máximos de Fe, los mecanismos involucrados son fundamentalmente los de alimentación interdendrítica y forzada, y para el contenido medio de Fe se evidenció el de alimentación interdendrítica. Los autores justifican este comportamiento en función del modo de solidificación de la aleación, el cual promueve la presencia de partículas de Si o placas de fase b-Al5FeSi en los canales interdendríticos e inducen la actuación de distintos mecanismos de alimentación.
Empleo de cromitas refractarias para la obtención de fundentes aglomerados utilizados en la soldadura automática por arco sumergido (SAW)
Authors: Perdomo-González L. , Quintana-Puchol R. , Cruz-Crespo A. , Castellanos-Estupiñán J. , García-Sánchez L. L. , Formoso-Prego A. , Cores-Sánchez A.
Published: February 2010

En el presente trabajo se obtienen ferrocromo de alto carbono (ferrocromo de carga) y escorias a partir del proceso de reducción de cromitas refractarias. Mediante la utilización de un diseño de experimento de relaciones entre componentes, se estudia la obtención de aleaciones y escorias. La composición química de ambas garantiza su aplicación para la conformación de cargas aleantes y matrices de fundentes aglomerados, para el relleno superficial mediante soldadura automática por arco sumergido (SAW). El proceso de fusión-reducción se realiza en un horno eléctrico de arco.
Evaluación numérica del efecto del metal de soldadura sobre el factor de constricción en probetas C(T) bimetálicas
Authors: Donoso J. R. , Ortiz A. , Labbé F.
Published: February 2010

El efecto del metal de soldadura sobre la constricción fuera-del-plano en probetas C(T) bimetálicas fue estudiado utilizando la Ecuación del Formato Común (EEC) y su factor de constricción asociado, Ω*, en función del cociente espesor de probeta a ligamento, B/b. Se compararon los valores de Ω* para probetas con sólo un material (metal base), y para probetas bimetálicas (metal base más metal de soldadura), constatándose que la presencia de metal de soldadura hace disminuir el grado de constricción en las probetas bimetálicas, con respecto a las probetas con sólo metal base. Este efecto se ve atenuado para grieta profunda, dando resultados similares para Ω* en las probetas con sólo metal base y bimetálica.