bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteogenesis capability of three-dimensionally printed poly(lactic acid)-halloysite nanotube scaffolds containing strontium ranelate
Authors: Boraei Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi , Nourmohammadi Jhamak , Mahdavi Fatemeh Sadat , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop , Montero Ana Ferrández , Herencia Antonio Javier Sánchez , Ferrari Begoña
Published: May 2022

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printing of 3D scaffolds containing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and strontium ranelate (SrR) as a carrier for the promotion of bone regeneration is investigated. SrR acts as an anabolic bone-forming and anti-catabolic agent, while HNTs act as a carrier of SrR. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used as a biodegradable matrix and carrier for HNTs and SrR. The effects of the SrR addition on the morphological, biological, and in vitro release properties of the scaffolds are evaluated. The morphological results show a homogeneous structure with a proper pore size (approximately 400 µm) suitable for osteogenesis. The contact angle is decreased after the addition of SrR to the scaffold to 67.99°, suitable for cell attachment. X-ray diffraction shows that the SrR is homogenously and molecularly distributed in the PLA matrix and reduces the crystallinity in the prepared scaffolds. The in vitro release results demonstrate that the release profile of the SrR is stable, relatively linear, and continuous within 21 days (504 h). A cumulative release of SrR of approximately 49% is obtained after a controlled release for 504 h (21 days) and a low primary burst release (12%). Human adipose stem cells cultured on the 3D-printed scaffolds demonstrate that the SrR can efficiently promote biocompatibility, alkaline phosphatase activity, and alizarin red staining.
Preparation of flame retardant glass fiber via emulsion impregnation and application in polyamide 6
Authors: Cheng Yue , Zhang Ling , Li Chunzhong
Published: May 2022

As a commonly used reinforcement, glass fiber (GF) can improve the mechanical properties of thermoplastics. However, previous studies have suggested that GF was not good for the flame retardancy of thermoplastics because of “wick effect.” Herein, a novel flame retardant emulsion was synthesized, containing film-former, lubricant, silane coupling agent, and ammonium polyphosphate modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (mAPP). The GF impregnated with flame retardant emulsion and aluminum diethlyphosphinate (ADP) were blended with polyamide 6 (PA6) to prepare flame retardant GF reinforced PA6 (FRGFPA6/ADP). The LOI of FRGFPA6/ADP-15 can reach 34.7%, which is much higher than that of GF reinforced PA6 (GFPA6) and it also pass the UL-94 test and reach V-0 rating without dripping. The mHRR, pHRR, and THR of FRGFPA6/ADP-15 are reduced by 44.2, 121.0, and 26.3% compared to GFPA6. After burning, the surface of flame retardant GF can form a carbon layer, which improved the efficiency of interfacial flame retardancy between GF and PA6 and weakened the “wick effect.” At the same time, ADP is added to the matrix to release free radicals to capture oxygen in the air, and carbon layer is formed to isolate the air. The synergistic effect of ADP and mAPP increased the flame retardancy of GFPA6.
A process to enhance germination of a wild pennycress variety
Authors: Koirala Nasib , Barker David , Helfer Carin A. , Phippen Winthrop B. , Heller Nicholas , Hard Alexander W. , Wells Samantha , Lindsey Alexander J.
Published: May 2022

Pennycress is an emerging oilseed crop, but some improved lines still exhibit seed dormancy that may impede germination and establishment. A laboratory study was conducted in 2021 to identify seed treatments to increase germination of a wild pennycress improved line ('MN106NS'). A randomised
complete block experimental design was used with two replications and 12 seed treatments: untreated control; fludioxonil (50 μg ai per g of seed); gibberellic acid (GA) soak at 0.05 or 0.01% w/w for 12 hours; pelleting with diatomaceous earth and a commercial binder ± each prior
component and a carnauba wax coating. For all treatments, uniformity and stability of pelleted treatments were tested, and germination over time (3 to 14 days at 20°C in dark) was quantified. There were consistent increase, in weight and size (142% in weight and 29% in size on average)
of seeds with pelleting, and pelleting combination treatments did not vary in stability. Total germination increased compared to the control with all seed treatments, except the addition of fludioxonil alone. While all pelleting treatments improved total germination, the use of GA as a soak
treatment or as an addition during seed pelleting was most effective to increase germination in MN106NS.
Management of neuroendocrine neoplasms: conformity with guidelines in and outside a center of excellence
Authors: Morin Carole , Benedetto Keo-Morakort , Deville Agathe , Milot Laurent , Theillaumas Aurélie , Hervieu Valérie , Pioche Mathieu , Poncet Gilles , Forestier Julien , François Laurent , Borson-Chazot Francoise , Adham Mustapha , Lombard-Bohas Catherine , Walter Thomas
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To improve neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) management, the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) recognised 62 Centers of Excellence (CoE). This retrospective study compares conformity of patients’ initial management within vs outside an ENETS CoE with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with a NEN between August 2018 and July 2020 and presented in the Lyon-CoE Multidisciplinary Tumour Board (MDT) were included. Factors potentially associated with the conformity of initial management (work-up and first treatment) to CPG underwent univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Among the 615 included patients, 170 (27.6%) were initially managed in the CoE and 445 (72.4%) were only presented at the CoE-MDT. Patients in the CoE group more often had intestinal or pancreatic primaries, metastatic disease (61.8% vs 33%), hereditary syndrome, and a functioning tumour. Work-up conformity was 37.1% in the CoE (vs 29.9%, P  = 0.09); this was 95.8% for the first treatment (vs 88.7%, P  = 0.01). After multivariate analysis, CPG conformity was significantly higher for patients managed in the CoE, for younger patients, for those having a grade 1–2 tumour, and a genetic syndrome. Pancreatic and small intestinal (SI) NET surgeries performed in the CoE had a higher splenic preservation rate during left pancreatectomy, better detection of multiple tumours in SI surgeries, and higher number of resected lymph nodes.

Conclusions

Given the widespread observance of CPG, not all patients require management in the CoE. Referral should be considered for more complex cases such as metastatic diseases, G2 tumours, or carcinoid syndromes. Finally, we should encourage the centralization of NET surgery.
Effects of low-dose oral micronised progesterone on sleep, psychological distress, and breast development in transgender individuals undergoing feminising hormone therapy: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Nolan Brendan J , Frydman Aviva S , Leemaqz Shalem Y , Carroll Meg , Grossmann Mathis , Zajac Jeffrey D , Cheung Ada S
Published: May 2022

Objective

The role of micronised progesterone in hormone regimens for transgender individuals undergoing feminising hormone therapy remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the effect of oral micronised progesterone on sleep quality, psychological distress, and breast development in transgender individuals undergoing feminising hormone therapy.

Design

Prospective case–control study. Twenty-three transgender individuals on stable oestradiol treatment newly commencing 100 mg oral progesterone (n = 23) and controls continuing standard care (n = 19) were assessed over 3 months.

Methods

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), and Tanner stage to assess breast development were assessed at 0 and 3 months. Non-parametric analysis of covariance was used to compare differences between groups.

Results

Compared with controls over 3 months, there was no difference in PSQI (P = 0.35), K10 (P = 0.64), or Tanner stage (P = 0.42). There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals with clinically significant improvement in PSQI (25% vs 22%, P = 0.84). One individual had a significant deterioration in psychological distress that improved following the cessation of progesterone.

Conclusions

Low-dose progesterone was not associated with changes in sleep quality, psychological distress, or breast development over 3 months follow-up, though there was significant inter-individual variability. Larger, placebo-controlled trials are required to further evaluate different doses of progesterone in feminising hormone therapy regimens.
Spectrum of germline AIRE mutations causing APS-1 and familial hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Cranston Treena , Boon Hannah , Olesen Mie K , Ryan Fiona J , Shears Deborah , London Rosemary , Rostom Hussam , Elajnaf Taha , Thakker Rajesh V , Hannan Fadil M
Published: May 2022

Objective

The autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by immune dysregulation and autoimmune endocrine gland destruction. APS-1 is caused by biallelic mutations affecting the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3, which facilitates immunological self-tolerance. The objective was to investigate >300 probands with suspected APS-1 or isolated hypoparathyroidism for AIRE abnormalities.

Methods

Probands were assessed by DNA sequence analysis. Novel variants were characterised using 3D modelling of the AIRE protein. Restriction enzyme and microsatellite analysis were used to investigate for uniparental isodisomy.

Results

Biallelic AIRE mutations were identified in 35 probands with APS-1 and 5 probands with isolated hypoparathyroidism. These included a novel homozygous p.(His14Pro) mutation, predicted to disrupt the N-terminal caspase activation recruitment domain of the AIRE protein. Furthermore, an apparently homozygous AIRE mutation, p.Leu323fs, was identified in an APS-1 proband, who is the child of non-consanguineous asymptomatic parents. Microsatellite analysis revealed that the proband inherited two copies of the paternal mutant AIRE allele due to uniparental isodisomy. Hypoparathyroidism was the most common endocrine manifestation in AIRE mutation-positive probands and >45% of those harbouring AIRE mutations had at least two diseases out of the triad of candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and hypoadrenalism. In contrast, type 1 diabetes and hypothyroidism occurred more frequently in AIRE mutation-negative probands with suspected APS-1. Around 30% of AIRE mutation-negative probands with isolated hypoparathyroidism harboured mutations in other hypoparathyroid genes.

Conclusions

This study of a large cohort referred for AIRE mutational analysis expands the spectrum of genetic abnormalities causing APS-1.
18-year change in serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 from midlife to late life and risk of mortality: the ARIC Study
Authors: Ishigami Junichi , Honda Yasuyuki , Karger Amy B , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth , Lutsey Pamela L , Matsushita Kunihiro
Published: May 2022

Objective

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentration increases in response to declining kidney function to preserve normal phosphate concentrations. However, the etiological association of change in FGF23 concentration with mortality has not been examined in the general population.

Design and methods

We analyzed 5458 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who had intact FGF23 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessed during midlife (visit 3, 1993–1995, mean age: 58 years) and late life (visit 5, 2011–2013, 76 years) to examine the association of FGF23 change over 18 years from mid-life to late life with the subsequent risk of mortality in late life using Cox regression models.

Results

The median 18-year change in intact FGF23 was +17.3 pg/mL. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years following visit 5, 1176 participants died. In multivariable Cox models, elevated mortality was seen in the highest quartile of FGF23 change (ΔFGF23: ≥31.3 pg/mL) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.61 (95%CI: 1.36–1.90), or 1.37 (1.15–1.64) after additionally adjusting for eGFR change, compared with the lowest quartile (≤6.4 pg/mL)). When both FGF23 change and FGF23 in late life were simultaneously entered into the Cox model, FGF23 in late life, but not FGF23 change, was an independent predictor of mortality; however, we observed a high correlation between FGF23 change from midlife to late life and FGF23 in late life (r = 0.77).

Conclusions

Serum intact FGF23 change from midlife to late life was associated with subsequent risk of mortality independent of decline in kidney function. Our findings further support the implications of FGF23 beyond its association with kidney function.
Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: a new way forward
Authors: Angelousi Anna , Hayes Aimee R , Chatzellis Eleftherios , Kaltsas Gregory A , Grossman Ashley B
Published: May 2022

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy comprising 1–2% of all thyroid cancers in the United States. Approximately 20% of cases are familial, secondary to a germline RET mutation, while the remaining 80% are sporadic and also harbour a somatic RET mutation in more than half of all cases. Up to 15–20% of patients will present with distant metastatic disease, and retrospective series report a 10-year survival of 10–40% from time of first metastasis. Historically, systemic therapies for metastatic MTC have been limited, and cytotoxic chemotherapy has demonstrated poor objective response rates. However, in the last decade, targeted therapies, particularly multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival in advanced and progressive MTC. Both cabozantinib and vandetanib have been approved as first-line treatment options in many countries; nevertheless, their use is limited by high toxicity rates and dose reductions are often necessary. New generation TKIs, such as selpercatinib or pralsetinib, that exhibit selective activity against RET, have recently been approved as a second-line treatment option, and they exhibit a more favourable side-effect profile. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors may also constitute potential therapeutic options in specific clinical settings. In this review, we aim to present all current therapeutic options available for patients with progressive MTC, as well as new or as yet experimental treatments.
Immunotherapy in aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: a systematic review
Authors: Ilie Mirela Diana , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Raverot Gérald
Published: May 2022

Once temozolomide has failed, there is no recommended treatment option for pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumors. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent the most recent therapeutic avenue, having raised hope with the publication of the first successful case in 2018. Here, we present an overview of immunotherapy in pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumors, starting with the rationale for using ICIs and the implications of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in anterior pituitary tumors, followed by a systematic review of all published cases, analyzing both treatment response and potential predictors of response and finishing with research and clinical perspectives. Seven corticotroph and four lactotroph tumors have been so far treated with ICIs. Corticotroph tumors showed radiological partial response in 57% of cases, followed by stable disease in 29% of cases, which was accompanied by biochemical partial or complete response in 83% of cases. Half of lactotroph tumors showed radiological complete or partial response, accompanied by biochemical complete response in 33% of the cases. In the case of a dissociate response, continuation of immunotherapy combined with local treatment represents a good option. At this time, a high tumor mutational burden appears to be the most promising predictive marker of response. MMR deficiency does not guarantee a response. Negative PD-L1 staining should not preclude ICIs administration. Therefore, ICIs are a promising option after temozolomide failure. This review highlights key clinical aspects that can already be implemented into practice and also discusses tumor biology concepts and perspectives expected to improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Clinical differences between IgG4 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and primary thyroid lymphoma
Authors: Liu Liyuan , Yu Yang , Chen Lei , Zhang Yang , Lu Guizhi , Gao Ying , Zhang Junqing
Published: May 2022

Background

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) can be divided into IgG4 HT and non-IgG4 HT based on IgG4 and IgG immunohistochemical staining. In clinical practice, it is often necessary to identify diseases such as primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and IgG4 HT when a patient presents with a rapidly enlarged thyroid. The aim of our study was to uncover the differential points between the two diseases.

Methods

Clinical information from 19 IgG4 HT and 10 PTL patients was obtained from the patients’ medical records, including age, sex, main clinical manifestation, thyroid functional status, the presence of serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid ultrasonography results. Thyroid sections from all patients were collected to detect IgG4 and IgG expression by immunohistochemical staining.

Results

The IgG4 HT patients were significantly younger than those in the PTL group (39.68 ± 10.95 vs 66.20 ± 10.23 years, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the sex distribution or TgAb- or TPOAb-positive rates. The PTL group had a higher prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism than the IgG4 HT group (P = 0.016). In the PTL group, thyroid lesions were more likely to exhibit hypoechogenicity (6/6 vs 1/19, P < 0.001) on ultrasound images. In the PTL group, two patients met the immunohistochemical cut-off value of the criteria for IgG4 HT.

Conclusions

Simply relying on immunohistochemistry for IgG4 cannot diagnose IgG4 HT correctly when a patient presents with rapid thyroid enlargement. A combination of clinical and pathological analyses will help distinguish IgG4 HT from PTL which may be with abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells.
Follicular free fatty acid metabolic signatures and their effects on oocyte competence in non-obese PCOS patients
Authors: Feng Yifan , Qi Jia , Xue Xinli , Li Xinyu , Liao Yu , Sun Yun , Tao Yongzhen , Yin Huiyong , Liu Wei , Li Shengxian , Huang Rong
Published: May 2022

In Brief

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in women. This study identified changes in free fatty acids profiles in the follicular fluid that may lead to better diagnosis and management of infertility in PCOS women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various endocrine/metabolic disorders and impaired reproductive potential. Alterations in oocyte competence are considered potentially causative factors for infertility in PCOS women and analyzing the composition of follicular fluid in these patients may help to identify which changes have the potential to alter oocyte quality. In this study, free fatty acid metabolic signatures in follicular fluid were performed to identify changes that may impact oocyte competence in non-obese PCOS women. Sixty-four non-obese women (32 with PCOS and 32 age- and BMI-matched controls) undergoing in vitro fertilization were recruited. Embryo quality was morphologically assessed. Free fatty acid metabolic profiling in follicular fluid was performed using gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis models were further constructed. Nine free fatty acids and 24 eicosanoids were identified and several eicosanoids synthesized by the cyclooxygenase pathway were significantly elevated in PCOS patients compared to controls. The combination of PGE2, PGF2α, PGJ2, and TXB2 had an area under the curve of 0.867 (0.775–0.960) for PCOS discrimination. Furthermore, follicular fluid levels of PGE2 and PGJ2 were negatively correlated with high-quality embryo rate in PCOS patients (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed that follicular fluid lipidomic profiles undergo changes in non-obese PCOS women, which suggests that identifying changes in important metabolic signatures may give us a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PCOS. Furthermore, elevated PGE2 and PGJ2 concentrations may contribute to impaired oocyte competence in non-obese PCOS patients.
Mapping contexts of care
Authors: St. Amant Kirk
Published: May 2022

Healthcare today increasingly involves patients using various devices to engage in different care activities and often doing so without the aid of trained healthcare professionals. This situation means patients must often use health and medical information (i.e., content) in various contexts with different dynamics. As a result, usability – or how effectively individuals can use items – becomes central to effective medical communication. Usability expectations affecting such communication dynamics are often guided by psychological processes reflecting prior healthcare experiences. Meeting these expectations involves identifying the cognitive factors influencing how individuals use materials. This conceptual paper examines how the psychological concept of ‘cognitive scripts’ can help address such situations. The paper also presents an approach for identifying the cognitive scripts affecting usability expectations and applying this information to create usable communication materials for healthcare contexts.
Functional Potential of Katoikonyms (Exemplified by 20th – 21st Century Volgograd Regional Newspapers)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kirillova Svetlana
Published: May 2022

Katoikonyms, which nominate residents, and their functioning in the language of Volgograd (Stalingrad) region media are in the focus of research. The facts revealed in the texts of local newspapers of different periods (1941–1945, 1985–1991 and 2010–2021) contributed to the characteristics of the units under study. The main and additional functions of the names of residents were revealed. The main functions, the implementation of which is not conditioned by context, include nominative, associated with the naming of a significant for a native speaker object of reality, and compressive, connected with the transmission of information about a locality in a compressed form. Contextually stipulated additional functions include address, which reflects the replacement of a toponym with a derivative katoikonym; text-forming, which enables the transmission of knowledge about the content of material before acquaintance with it, memorial-local, which causes associations about cultural and historical heritage, as well as differentiating, which helps to distinguish people by the territory of dwelling, identifying that emphasizes a person's belonging to the area of residence, stylistic (play on words with a katoikonym), and temporal (localization of the subjects of the narrative in a specific time period) functions. The paper describes the conditions for the implementation of the additional functions. The use of derivatives that demonstrate relatively stable tendencies to perform certain functions in local media within different time periods has been characterized.
Argumentative Potential of Analogy in the Discourse of the Humanities
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Savchuk Tatiana
Published: May 2022

The article reveals the functions of various types of analogy in argumentative discourse, substantiates the criteria for the effectiveness of reasoning by analogy in scientific argumentation. The study is carried out on the basis of scientific and humanitarian texts extracted from peer-reviewed journals. It is established that a wide functional range of analogous reasoning is formed by two meanings: proper argumentative and paraargumentative. The proper argumentative role of analogy provides its use as a special type of argumentation schemes. The analogous scheme is associated with a rational impact on the addressee and is implemented through a literal analogy. It performs the following functions: cognitive, evidential, heuristic, interpretive, normative and axiological. The paraargument value of the analogy lies in the fact that it, being outside the argumentative construction, supports the argument, enhancing the persuasive effect. This pragmatic intention is achieved through an indirect analogy, which affects the addressee through a figurative-emotional channel. Figurative analogy is used for visual explanation, popularization of presentation, emotional rapprochement with the addressee, psychological intensification of argumentative influence. If the normative criteria for evaluating analogous argumentation are violated, fallacies arise that are qualified as incorrect use of argumentative schemes or as tactical errors. Understanding the pragmatic specifics of different types of analogy, the ability to apply them in scientific communication is considered as an essential component of the argumentative competence of the subjects of humanitarian discourse.
Long-term field performance of non-vegetated and vegetated three-layer landfill cover systems using construction waste without geomembrane
Authors: Ng Charles Wang Wai , Guo Haowen , Ni Junjun , Chen Rui , Xue Qiang , Zhang Yanmin , Feng Yong , Chen Zhongkui , Feng Song , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2022

This paper compares the field performance of non-vegetated and vegetated three-layer landfill cover systems utilising construction waste but without geomembrane at the Shenzhen Xiaping landfill site in humid climates over a monitoring period of 54 months. The top layer of each cover system was constructed using coarse-grained completely decomposed granite (CDG). The middle and bottom layers were compacted with coarse recycled concrete (CRC) and fine-grained CDG, respectively. Numerical analyses were also carried out. During the 54-month monitoring period, the cumulative rainfall recorded was 9800 mm. Retained pore water pressure in the vegetated cover was close to that in the non-vegetated cover after the heaviest rainfall recorded in Shenzhen during the monitoring period. The pore water pressure retained in the vegetated cover can be higher than that in the non-vegetated cover due to the increased saturated water permeability (ks) induced by plant growth over 3 years. Surface runoff and water storage capacity in the vegetated cover were about five times and 9% higher than those in the non-vegetated cover, respectively. However, the long-term behaviour of the cover system in respect of these two aspects was influenced by the increase of ks due to the growth of grass roots. The middle CRC layer diverted infiltrated water by up to 51% of total rainfall. The measured average annual percolation of the non-vegetated and vegetated covers was about 23 mm and 21 mm, respectively. The measured data are supported by numerical analyses and they meet the US recommended criterion.
Efecto de la inoculación de aminoácidos azufrados y vitamina B9 sobre el grado de emplume de pollos de engorde
Authors: Reina Rodriguez Daniel Felipe , Gamboa González Nidia Fernanda , Caicedo Blanco Yuly Andrea
Published: May 2022

El proceso de emplume de las aves inicia a partir del día nueve de incubación donde ya se pueden evidenciar la formación de los folículos y al día once ya se evidencia formación de plumón. Se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación in ovo de aminoácidos azufrados (AAS) y vitamina B9 sobre el grado de emplume en pollos de engorde en las diferentes fases de vida. el estudio tuvo un tiempo de duración de 62 días (21 días de incubación y 42 días de vida). Se utilizaron un total de 1200 huevos fértiles provenientes de reproductoras pesadas de 41 semanas divididos en cinco tratamientos (n=240). T1: sin inoculación. T2: solución salina (NaCl 0.75%), T3: vitamina B9, T4: AAS y T5: combinación entre vitamina B9 + AAS. El grado de emplume se realizó a los días 28, 35 y 42 de edad; la comparación de las medias se realizó mediante la prueba de SNK usando el programa estadístico R (CoreTeam, 2019). Con una significancia del 0,05 %. No fueron observadas diferencias significativas en las variables analizadas a través de las fases de vida de las aves (P>0.05), Las dosis de las sustancias utilizadas en la inoculación no influyeron en el grado de emplume de las aves. La inoculación de estos nutrientes de forma individual y asociados con Ácido fólico en la fase embrionaria no influyeron en esta característica morfológica evaluada.
A versatile nuclei extraction protocol for single nucleus sequencing in fish species – optimization in various Atlantic salmon tissues. v1
Authors: Ruiz Daniels Rose , S Taylor Richard , Dobie Ross , Salisbury Sarah , Clark Emily , Macqueen Dan , Robledo Diego
Published: May 2022

Single cell RNA sequencing has rapidly become a standard tool for profiling transcriptomic diversity across thousands of cells (Linnarsson and Teichmann, 2016), and is now being applied to a large diversity of species and tissues. The main limitation of this technology is that it requires the isolation of live cells from fresh tissue, severely restricting its applicability. As a result, single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), which consists of sequencing the RNA of only the nuclei of cells rather than of the whole cell, has been commonly adopted since it allows samples to be stored for several months prior to processing while yielding comparable results to whole cell sequencing (Kulkarni, et al., 2019; Slyper et al. 2021). A critical challenge for snRNA-seq is the successful extraction of high quality nuclei. This has spurred the recent publication of a number of dissociation protocols for nuclei extraction (Drokhlyansky et al. 2020; Eraslan et al. 2021; Melms et al 2021), however, these have largely been optimized for model species such as humans, and more and more single nuclei is being adopted in non-model species. Here we present a robust protocol that enables the extraction of nuclei from frozen tissue adapted from those shown to work in different tissue types, such as human skin (Drokhlyansky et al. 2020; Eraslan et al. 2021; Melms et al 2021). Our protocol has been used to successfully extract nuclei from an array of different Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) tissues including skin, fin, spleen, head kidney, liver and gill as well as in other species such as sole (Solea solea) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nasal tissue and nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratumspleen). We present the protocol as applied to fin and skin as these are particularly challenging tissues to work with given their toughness and the presence of hard tissue (e.g., scales and bones), connective tissue and fat deposits. We include notes throughout the protocol so that the reader can optimise it for a variety of tissue types. While the protocol has been optimised to work with the Chromium 10x platform, the most commonly used high throughput microfluidic device, but can be used successfully for the extraction of nuclei for other platforms and applications. The aim of this protocol is to capture 7,000 nuclei per single-nuclei RNA sequencing library using the Chromium Single Cell 3’ Reagent Kits v2 or v3 (10X Genomics). Given its utility for isolating nuclei from difficult to dissociate tissue types, we anticipate that this protocol will be broadly applicable for snRNA-seq of non-model organisms and unconventional tissue types.
Pre-extraction sample processing for CALIBER project v1
Authors: JN Kitson James
Published: May 2022

This is a document that outlines the steps needed to prepare field-collected samples during the CALIBER project for archiving and further processing.
Genetic Algorithm of Energy Consumption Optimization for Reorientation of the Spacecraft Orbital Plane
Authors: Pankratov I. A.
Published: May 2022

The paper is dedicated to the problem of finding optimal spacecraft trajectories. The equations of spacecraft motion are written in quaternion form. The spacecraft moves on its orbit under acceleration from the limited in magnitude jet thrust. It is necessary to minimize the energy costs for the process of reorientation of the spacecraft orbital plane. The equations of spacecraft motion are written in orbital coordinate system. It is assumed that spacecraft orbit is circular and control has constant value on each part of active spacecraft motion. In this case the lengths of the sections of the spacecraft motion are unknown. We need to find the length of each section, their quantity and value of control on each section. The equations of the problem were written in dimensionless form. It simplifies the numerical investigation of the obtained problem. There is a characteristic dimensionless parameter in the phase equations of the problem. This parameter is a combination of dimension variables describing the spacecraft and its orbit. Usually the problems of spaceflight mechanic are solved with the maximum principle. And we have to solve boundary value problems with some kind of shooting method (Newton’s method, gradient descent method etc.) Each shooting method requires initial values of conjugate variables, but we have no analytical formulas to find them. In this paper spacecraft flight trajectories were found with new genetic algorithm. Each gene contains additional parameter which equals to " True" , if the gene forms the control and equals to "False" otherwise. It helps us determine the quantity of spacecraft active motion parts. The input of proposed algorithm does not contain information about conjugate variables. It is well-known that the differential equations of the problem have a partial solution when the spacecraft orbit is circular and control is constant. The genetic algorithm involves this partial solution and its speed is increased. Numerical examples were constructed for two cases: when the difference between angular variables for start and final orientations of the spacecraft orbital plane equals to a few (or tens of) degrees. Final orientation of the spacecraft plane of orbit coincides with GLONASS orbital plane. The graphs of components of the quaternion of orientation of the orbital coordinate system, the longitude of the ascending node, the orbit inclination and optimal control are drawn. Tables were constructed showing the dependence of the value of the quality functional and the time spent on the reorientation of the orbital plane on the maximum length of the active section of motion.
Application of agent-based approach for heat conduction processes simulation
Authors: Bobkov S.P. , Astrakhantseva I.A.
Published: May 2022

Heat transfer processes are the basis of the most technological processes of the energy sector. Thus, the development of modern approaches for computer simulation and visualization of the phenomena of thermal energy transfer in various objects are of great importance and is relevant. Classical models in the form of differential equations of various types describe processes in continuous space and time. So, it is difficult to apply classical models to study nonlinear phenomena, and processes in inhomogeneous media in the presence of discontinuous solutions at the boundaries. In these cases, simplifying assumptions are used, thus, the adequacy of the models is reduced. It is of great interest to apply fundamentally different approaches to describe transfer processes, which include discrete dynamic models. The purpose of this project is to study the possibilities to apply discrete approaches to simulate nonlinear heat transfer processes under conditions of material inhomogeneity and the presence of volume sources of variable power. The paper studies the possibilities to apply the agent-based approach to simulate models of complex systems. This approach allows us to consider a continuum as a set of interacting elements (agents). The behavior of the elements is completely described by local dependencies. At the same time, the laws of functioning of individual elements are accepted as deterministic and they correspond to the fundamental principles of the theory of heat transfer. The possibility to apply a discrete approach for simulating the process of heat transfer by the molecular mechanism has been studied. The general methodology to develop an agent-based deterministic model is described. Its applicability to describe quasi-linear and nonlinear heat conduction processes is considered. The examples of simulation of combustion processes complicated by exothermic and endothermic effects are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are indicated. The results of the study have shown that discrete agent models are a good alternative to classical continuum approaches to study heat transfer processes in inhomogeneous media. The results obtained do not contradict modern approaches to the description of thermal processes. It has also been found that the simulation algorithms used in the agent-based approach are quite universal and easily adapt to changes under the conditions of problem setting. The analysis of the results makes it possible to recommend a discrete agent-based approach to develop simulation models of complex technological processes and systems.
A study of microbiology in diabetic foot infections
Authors: RK Karvande , T Merchant , PH Shinde , YP Takalkar , S Chaudhari , V Chakravarthy , VK Deshmukh , K Admane
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers and infections are a common complication of diabetes. Holistic patient care requires dissemination of knowledge about prevention to avoid amputation and associated morbidity, early diagnosis and apt treatment. Healthcare costs of diabetic ulcers are high as complete treatment requires long term monitoring and high cost of rehabilitation in amputees. Methods: The study design is retrospective observational study. All data was retrospectively procured from the Medical Record Department. From January 2019 to December 2019, two hundred and twenty patients with diabetic foot infections who had been treated with oral or parenteral antibiotics in the previous 5 to 15 days were chosen. Results: The gram negative bacteria (88%) were most commonly isolated. Gram positive organisms contributed to 11% and candida spp. to 1% of swab culture. All patients with Staphylococci in wound swab were 100% sensitivity to vancomycin & linezolid. Teicoplanin, vancomycin, and clindamycin had 100% sensitivity against MRSA in wound swab. Patients with E. coli in wound swab had maximum sensitivity to colistin. Ceftriaxone which has been used conventionally was found less sensitive for E. coli and Klebsiella. Conclusion: Piperacillin tazobactam combination for gram negative coverage in accordance to sensitivity pattern of community acquired infection is recommended because conventionally used ceftriaxone is less sensitive. For gram positive diabetic foot ulcers/ infections which were seen to be hospital acquired, linezolid is recommended for full course.
Shallow Faulting and Folding in the Epicentral Area of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake
Authors: Pratt Thomas L. , Shah Anjana K. , Counts Ronald C. , Horton J. Wright , Chapman Martin C.
Published: May 2022

The moment magnitude (Mw) ∼7 earthquake that struck Charleston, South Carolina, on 31 August 1886 is the largest historical earthquake in the United States east of the Appalachian Mountains. The fault(s) that ruptured during this earthquake has never been conclusively identified, and conflicting fault models have been proposed. Here we interpret reprocessed seismic reflection profiles, reprocessed legacy aeromagnetic data, and newly collected ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles to delineate faults deforming the Cretaceous and younger Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) strata in the epicentral area of the 1886 earthquake. The data show evidence for faults folding or vertically displacing ACP strata, including apparent displacements of near-surface strata (upper ∼20 m). Aeromagnetic data show several northeast (NE)-trending lineaments, two of which correlate with faults and folds with vertical displacements as great as 55 m on the seismic reflection and radar profiles. ACP strata show only minor thickness changes across these structures, indicating that much of the displacement postdates the shallowest well-imaged ACP strata of Eocene age. Faults imaged on the seismic reflection profiles appear on GPR profiles to displace the erosional surface at the top of the upper Eocene to Oligocene Cooper Group, including where railroad tracks were bent during the 1886 earthquake. Some faults coincide with changes in river trends, bifurcations of river channels, and unusual river meanders that could be related to recent fault motion. In contrast to our interpreted NE fault trends, earthquake locations and some focal mechanisms in the modern seismic zone have been interpreted as defining a nearly north-striking, west-dipping zone of aftershocks from the 1886 earthquake. The relationship between the modern seismicity and the faults we image is therefore enigmatic. However, multiple faults in the area clearly have been active since the Eocene and deform strata in the upper 20 m, providing potential targets for field-based geologic investigations.
Determination of Irrigation Lengths in Vertisol Soils Using the Two-Point Infiltration Method and Kostiakov-Lewis Equation
Authors: BAHÇECİ Barış
Published: May 2022

Vertisol soils, which cover large lands in irrigated areas in Turkey and the world, swell when wet and form deep cracks when dry. These properties of Vertisol soils cause a significant decrease in irrigation efficiency when irrigating with surface irrigation methods, thus causing water insufficiency and drainage problems. If appropriate irrigation time, flow rate and furrow-border lengths are used, water application efficiency can be increased in these soils. For this purpose, two-point infiltration tests were carried out using 120 m long, 0.5-0.6% slopping furrows. A constant water level orifice was used to keep the flow rate unchanged during the tests. Water advanced and recession times were observed and recorded at stations created at 20 m intervals. Before and after the test, the cross-sectional area of the furrow was measured with a rill-meter. By evaluating the obtained data, the Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration equation, which is expressed as Z = 0.00822 τ 0.27695 + 0.00048 τ equation, was obtained. With the determined equation, the optimal irrigation length was estimated to be approximately 85 m for 90% water application efficiency and 115 m for 80% water application efficiency, using the advance and recession curves.
La enseñanza universitaria en perspectiva de género
Authors: Muñiz Pérez Julio Cësar
Published: May 2022

Se plantea la necesidad de incorporar nociones y prácticas sensibles al género al ámbito de la enseñanza universitaria. Partiendo de la experiencia docente y de gestión del autor se plantean la necesidad de incorporar medidas sensibles al género en la práctica docente y la gestión en el ámbito de la educación superior. También se plantea la incorporación en ámbitos universitarios presenciales como en enseñanza digital y a distancia, con una mención especial a la “pedagogía ciberfeminista”. Todo ello lleva a plantear una serie de ámbitos de actuación que permitirán adoptar una pedagogía con sensibilidad de género en la Educación Superior.
Eosinophilia Induced by Blocking the IL-4/IL-13 Pathway: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Olaguibel JM , Sastre J , Rodríguez JM , del Pozo V
Published: May 2022

Five biological drugs are currently marketed for treatment of uncontrolled severe asthma. They all block type 2 inflammatory pathways by targeting IgE (omalizumab), the IL-5 pathway (mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab), or the IL-4/IL-13 pathway (dupilumab). Hypereosinophilia has been observed in 4%-25% of patients treated with dupilumab and is transient in most cases, although there have been reports of persistent cases of symptomatic hypereosinophilia consistent with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic vasculitis, and sudden worsening of asthma symptoms. Cases of EGPA have been reported with all biologics, including anti–IL-5 agents, and with leukotriene receptor antagonists in publications or in the EudraVigilance database. In many cases, EGPA appears during tapering of systemic corticosteroids or after switching from an anti–IL-5 biologic to dupilumab, suggesting that systemic corticosteroids or the anti–IL-5 agent were masking vasculitis. This review investigates plausible mechanisms of dupilumab-induced hypereosinophilia and review cases of symptomatic hypereosinophilia associated with dupilumab. Blockade of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway reduces eosinophil migration and accumulation of blood by inhibiting eotaxin-3, VCAM-1, and TARC without simultaneously inhibiting eosinophilopoiesis in bone marrow. When choosing the optimal biologic, it seems necessary to consider the presence of hypereosinophilia (>1500/μL), in which case an anti–IL-5/IL-5R agent its preferable.Furthermore, when switching from an anti–IL-5/5R to an anti–IL-4/13R agent, blood eosinophils and clinical progress should be closely monitored. Nevertheless, dual therapy with anti–IL-5/5R and anti–IL4/IL-13R agents may be needed for optimal control, since both the IL-5 and the IL-4/IL-13 pathways can simultaneously contribute to airway inflammation. This approach can prevent the development of EGPA and other types of symptomatic hypereosinophilia while maintaining control of nasal polyposis. In the near future, it will be possible to use a new generation of biological therapies for the treatment of severe asthma. These act at a higher level of the inflammatory cascade, as is the case of the antialarmins tezepelumab and itepekimab.
Ética y negociaciones para el acceso a vacunas: excepcionalismos metodológicos y éticos
Authors: Vidal Susana M.
Published: May 2022

Propósito/Contexto. En este artículo se analizan los distintos factores que han afectado el acceso a las vacunas para la prevención de la infección por SARS-COV2 poniendo particular atención a los intereses que atraviesan las negociaciones. Se detalla un análisis de los procesos de investigación, producción, contratación, distribución y comercialización de vacunas, así como las normas éticas internacionales que orientan estas prácticas.

Metodología/Enfoque. De igual modo, se identifican un marco de excepciones científicas, metodológicas, éticas y legales para la investigación, producción y comercialización de las vacunas, al tiempo que se ha mantenido y profundizado, sin excepciones, las normas impuestas por el sistema global de mercado en lo referente a protección de propiedad intelectual (ADPIC), negociaciones y contratos, defensa de intereses privados y de las empresas. También se pone en evidencia el rol que han tenido los países más ricos, acumulando más dosis de las necesarias lo cual impactó seriamente en el acceso de los países de bajos ingresos.

Resultados/Hallazgos. Se analizan las normas éticas internacionales y los acuerdos realizados por los gobiernos que deberían limitar conductas como estas y evitarían sus consecuencias y que no han sido cumplidas.

Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se concluye con una propuesta concreta que podría aliviar la situación actual y se incluye una reflexión sobre el impacto en la vida y la salud de los países y grupos más vulnerables, si el orden internacional sigue regido por el sistema global de mercado en lugar de un nuevo pacto global más justo.
The Content and Essence of Public Property: The Practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Lawyer, Master of Private Law, Kononov Vitaly S.
Published: May 2022

The ruling’s of Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the matter of realizing rights of public property by public institutions, relationships between public property and common interests of population of a territorial public entity are analyzed in the article. The article is concerned with the reasons of legal position of the courts on recognition of the special legal capacity of public authorities in property relations.