bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF RESONANT SOUNDS OF CHEST PERCUSSION
Authors: Kumar E. Ashwini , Marla Bharat Vyas , Kumar C. Jairaj , Chitkara Garvit , Mishra Nilesh , Kumar Arunachalam
Published: April 2020

General clinical examination, in the consulting room or in the out-patient department determines not only a provisional diagnosis but also provides the clinician information whether the patient needs hospitalisation and further investigation. Inspection, auscultation, palpation and percussion forms the basis of clinical examination.

Whilst much has been described and discussed on the first three procedures, inspection, auscultation and palpation, far less attention has been focused on the correct method and diagnostic significance of percussion.

In this brief communication we discuss the results obtained through a computerized spectral analysis of percussion sounds. It is suggested that, noting the high accuracy and reliability of spectral percussion sound read-out analysis, medical equipment designers manufacturers could well bring out a simple hand-held device which could analyse the percussion sounds to yield the most prominent of amplitude and frequency; such ready and reliable information that could be of much diagnostic and prognostic significance.
PARTIALY FUSED SPLENIC LOBULE- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Nallathamby Rani , Avadhani Ramakrishna , Bhat Shivarama , Jacob Meera , Soman Meril Ann
Published: April 2020

Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in humans. It is situated in the left hypochondrium and partly in the epigastrium, between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. It consists of large encapsulated mass of lymphoid and vascular tissues (1). We encountered a case of partially fused splenic lobule in the anterior end with attachment to the main splenic mass through a stalk of splenic tissue. As such, the variation of this kind is rare and had various important clinical implications in the field of surgery, radio diagnosis and gastroenterology.
CAVERNOUS HAEMANGIOMA IN THE GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE: A RARE PRESENTATION IN THE GERIATRIC AGE GROUP
Authors: Rai H. Ravindranath , Ballal Arjun , Mohan Keerti , R. Rajsankar N.
Published: April 2020

Intramuscular haemangiomas are believed to be hamartomatous and are a distinctive type of haemangioma occurring within skeletal muscle. They account for less than 1% of all haemangiomas. They occur more often in trunk and extremity muscles.

A sixty five year old lady presented with swelling and pain from the back of the left knee for two years.

On clinical examination, a mass of about 10X10 cms in size was noted in the left popliteal fossa. The swelling was tender with well defined borders but fixed to the muscle. She had a flexion deformity of knee of ten degrees.

MRI revealed a large encapsulated cystic lesion in the posterior aspect of the muscular compartment of the knee.

She underwent excision of the mass, intraoperatively the mass was noted to be arising from the gastrocnemius. Histopathology revealed large cavernous filled spaces filled with blood which indicated a cavernous haemangioma.

Most of the literature suggest the occurance of capillary haemangioma to be a commoner one. Occurance of a cavernous haemangioma is usually before the third decade and is congenital in most times. Most of the authors emphasize that radiological methods are generally insufficient for the correct diagnosis of intramuscular hemangiomas, and surgery is the treatment of choice to exclude malignancy and for adequate treatment of these lesions.

Hence, the present case which we are reporting here is a rare occurance of a cavernous haemangioma of the gastrocnemius in a 65 year old lady, which was managed by surgical methods.
ABSENCE OF SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH WITH PERSISTENT MEDIAN ARTERY - A CASE REPORT
Authors: K. Kavitha , D'Souza Prima , Kumar Vishal ,   Sushma
Published: April 2020

The anatomical variations in the arterial supply of the palm are frequently reported. One such variation reported during routine dissection for undergraduate medical students in our college is the absence of superficial palmar arch and presence of persistent median artery. The arterial supply to the palm is in the form of superficial and deep palmar arches. In the present case the median artery and ulnar artery supplies the palm without forming an arch on the left extremity. Awareness of variations in the vascular pattern of the palm is clinically important in case of angiographic procedures and surgical emergencies.
CORTICOTOMY-PERIODONTALLY ACCELERATED OSTEOGENIC ORTHODONTICS - A SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND CASE REPORT
Authors: Dsouza Sheehan R. , Ramesh Amitha , S. Sharath K. , Thomas Biju
Published: April 2020

Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment involves selective alveolar decortication in the form of decortication lines and dots performed around the teeth that are to be moved. It is done to induce a state of increased tissue turnover and a transient osteopenia, which is followed by a faster rate of orthodontic tooth movement.This technique has several advantages, including faster tooth movement, shorter treatment time, safer expansion of constricted arches, enhanced post-orthodontic treatment stability and extended envelope of tooth movement.This case report describes a surgical technique and case report involving periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics.
UNILATERAL HIGH DIVISION OF BRACHIAL ARTERY: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Rathnakar Pretty
Published: April 2020

There are many articles reporting anomalies of various blood vessels of upper extremity. In the present article, we are reporting a case of high division of brachial artery into medial and lateral branches, 9.5 cm distal to the lower border of teres major muscle. It was also observed that the two branches are crossing over near the lower part of front of arm and the lateral branch continued into the cubital fossa and trifurcated at the proximal border of pronator teres muscle. We have discussed the anatomy, embryological basis, and clinical implications of these variations along with relevant literature review. The importance of knowledge about these variations in therapeutic and diagnostic interventions is discussed.
ANOMALOUS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN RIGHT INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN AND LEFT COMMON ILIAC VEIN - A CASE REPORT
Authors: R. Huban Thomas , B. Prakashbabu , P. Radhakrishnan
Published: April 2020

Inferior vena cava (IVC) is formed by the union of the common iliac veins anterior to the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra, a little to its right side. It conveys blood to the right atrium from all the structures below the diaphragm. During routine educational dissection for medical undergraduates, we have come across a case of an anomalous communication between right internal iliac vein and left common iliac vein and a variation in the formation of inferior vena cava in a 55-year-old male cadaver. Due to its complex embryogenesis and relationship with other abdominal and thoracic structures, IVC may develop abnormally. These anatomical variations are often clinically silent and discovered incidentally. Knowledge of these variations may be helpful to clinicians and anatomists during surgical exploration, atypical clinical presentations and cadaveric findings.
DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY IN CHILDHOOD CATARACT: A CAVEAT MARINESCO-SJÖGREN SYNDROME
Authors: Shenoy Rathika D. , V. Deepthi R. , Kamath Nutan , Kamath Sumana J.
Published: April 2020

We report on a child with Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by early onset cataract, psychomotor delay, cerebellar hypoplasia and myopathy. The presentation, neuro-imaging and muscle biopsy features are discussed.
DAPSONE HYPERSENSITIVITY SYNDROME - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Varghese Aneseya P. , V. Deepthi R. , Shenoy Vijaya , Pavaman Seema
Published: April 2020

Dapsone is widely used for a variety of infectious, immune and hypersensitivity disorders. However, the use of dapsone may be associated with a plethora of adverse effects.

We are reporting a 6 year old who was treated with dapsone for one month. He presented to us with low grade fever and skin lesions all over body with normal systemic examination. He was evaluated and was diagnosed as having Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DHS) and treated with steroids.

The incidence of DHS ranges from 0.5% to3%. DHS can present as early as 7–10 days after administration of the drug uptil 6 months into. therapy DHS must be promptly identified, as

Untreated the disorder could be fatal. This syndrome is best approached with the immediate discontinuation of the offending drug and prompt administration of oral or intravenous glucocorticoids.Since dapsone is used for various indications, the salient features about the syndrome and its management should be familiarized.
OUR EXPERINCE OF A CASE OF TERRIBLE TRIAD OF ELBOW
Authors: Shetty Siddharth M. , Shetty Vikram , Ballal Arjun , Hegde Anoop
Published: April 2020

Dislocation of the elbow joint in association with fracture of radial head and fracture of coronoid process, is referred to as “terrible triad” of the elbow, the treatment of which provides a challenge to treating surgeon due to its complicated outcomes. The understanding of the elbow kinematics, the usage of various implants and surgical techniques in the recent years has led to the development of standard treatment protocols. The 'terrible triad' of the elbow is a severe injury that is difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis in the medium-tolong term. It is characterised most often by instability of the elbow, development of arthrosis and joint stiffness.

A 43 year old lady presented to us after a fall on outstretched dominant hand with severe pain and swelling around elbow. She had sustained a fracture of the radial neck and coronoid process with posterolateral dislocation of elbow. Immediate Closed reduction of the dislocation was performed under GA and elbow was immobilised in a plaster of paris slab for 3 weeks. She underwent operative procedure of open reduction and internal fixation of the radial head with a titanium plate and the coronoid process with a 4mm screw and washer after 10 days.After 3 weeks elbow rehabilitation was begun and at one year post surgery there was signs of fracture healing with full range of motion of the elbow.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF LANNEA KERSTINGII ENGL & K. KRAUSE (ANACADIACEAE)
Authors: NS Njinga , MI Sule , UU Pateh , HS Hassan , MM Ahmad , ST Abdullahi , BA Danja , Bawa B
Published: April 2020

The phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and crude methanol extracts, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii were investigated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids and triterpenes in the petroleum ether extract, steroid, triterpene, flavonoids and tannins in both crude methanol extract and chloroform fraction while the ethyl acetate fraction contained only flavonoids and tannins. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 17.00 to 21.03, 20.10 to 25.24, 25.32 to 34.02 and 22.28 to 27.20 mm for petroleum ether extract, methanol extract, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration was between 5 and 10mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the petroleum ether and methanol extract respectively, and between 2.5 and 5 mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the acetate fractions. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all the extracts was 40mg/ml respectively except for chloroform fraction which ranged from 20 to 40mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration for all the extracts was found to be 40mg/ml respectively. This result indicates the broad spectrum antimicrobial potential of L. Kerstingii and justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.
LOCOMOTOR TREADMILL TRAINING PROGRAM USING DRIVEN GAIT ORTHOSIS VERSUS MANUAL TREADMILL THERAPY ON MOTOR OUTPUT IN SPASTIC DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN
Authors: Sarhan Reda S.M. , Chevidikunnan Mohamed Faisal , Gaowgzeh Riziq Allah Mustafa
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study intended to understand and compare the effect of loco-motor treadmill training program using robot-assisted gait therapy (Driven gait-orthosis DGO) and manual treadmill therapy on motor function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy on their gross motor skills related to walking speed, ambulation and endurance.

Subjects and Methods: Twelve spastic diplegic cerebral palsy children with the age under 5 years were participated in different ambulation training 3 times per week for 30 - 40 minutes sessions consisting of 2 different treadmill walking programs, for 10 weeks, and were tested pre and post intervention. The outcome measures included were; a timed 10-m walk test, ground walking speed, walking distance, and balance which were measured before and after treatment.

Results & Conclusion: The results of this study suggests preliminary findings that children with CP under the age of 5 years can benefit their gross motor function, gait variables after intensive ambulation training using Driven gait orthotis (DGO).
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS EUTHANASIA AMONG HEALTH PERSONNEL
Authors: A. Maria Therese , J. Rukumani , Mano Pon Princess , Ponrani Ponrani , Nirmala Nirmala
Published: April 2020

Most people would probably want to live to a ripe old age, and then die painlessly in their sleep. Unfortunately, this is not the reality most people face. Some people will die after a long struggle with a painful disease. Euthanasia has become a complex global issue for the 21st century, with different cultures wrestling with variety of ethical, religious and legal factors involved in helping someone to die legally. The role of health personnel in euthanasia would ultimately cause more harm than good. Euthanasia is fundamentally incompatible with the physician's role as healer, would be difficult or impossible to control, and would pose serious societal risks.

Aim: it aims at contributing to the current literature in regard to euthanasia through shedding the light onto the attitude towards euthanasia among health personnel.

Material and Methods: An exploratory descriptive design was used to conduct this study non probability ampling technique was employed, the sample consisted of 70 Health Personnel including Doctor & Nurses who are working in Government and Private health institutions at Puducherry. After obtaining informed consent data was collected using with self structured questionnaire for demographic variables of the samples and the Euthanasia attitude scale (EAS) developed by Holloway, Hay slip, Murdock et al 1995,was utilized to measure the attitude of a person has towards end of life decisions.

Results: The study findings revealed that out of 70 health personnel 42 (60%) had Positive attitude and 28 (40%) had Negative attitude towards euthanasia.

Conclusion: Health personnel had positive attitude towards euthanasia in certain circumstances for terminally ill clients with unbearable pain
PREVALENCE OF UNDER-NUTRITION AND ANEMIA AMONG UNDER FIVE RURAL CHILDREN OF SOUTH KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Nanjunda Nanjunda
Published: April 2020

Infant and under five mortality rates are reliable indicators of health status of the children of any country. Despite accelerated growth, the prevalence of hunger, poor health status, under nutrition and mortality in rural part of the country are still persisting in India. While under nutrition among children is pervasive; child mortality is rather high in rural parts of India. The current study conducted in two remote villages of Hassan and Kodagu districts of South Karnataka-India. Study conducted on ( Boys 160, Girls 140) preschool children, selected through stratified sampling design technique. Through this study stunting in 75.0 %, wasting in 81.7% and underweight in 87.6% of both Boys and Girls of pre-school children were found. In case of Anemia, 48% of Girls and 56% of Boys were severely affected; while 47 % of Girls and 41% of the Boys were modestly affected and 10% of the Boys and 28% Girls observed mildly affected. It is also found that clinical sign of Anemia among 62% of the studied children. Next, 21% children found Vitamin A deficiency and 22% children found vitamin B complex deficiency. The Study also found that only 67% children put on breastfeeding within Three hours after the birth in the studied village. It is also noted that income poverty, bad personal habits, changing health seeking behavior, cultural practices regarding delivery, child rearing and breastfeeding also plays a vital role in case of mortality problem where Government and NGO (Non- Gov. Organizations) should focus on these issues immediately.
OCCURRENCE OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA BETWEEN OVER WEIGHT AND NORMAL WEIGHT ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED SCHOOLS IN UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: R. Sujatha , Reshma Reshma
Published: April 2020

Background: Overweight has become one of the common health concerns. A few studies have noted a possible association between iron-deficiency anemia and overweight. As many as 3crore Indians are overweight, and obesity continues rise, says statistics revealed by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS 2010), Around 20% of school-going children are overweight.

Materials and Methods: In this study survey research approach and comparative descriptive design was adopted. The sample size was 300 adolescents. 300 adolescents were selected by convenient sampling technique, out of which 225 were normal weight adolescents and remaining. Among 225 normal weight adolescents 50 adolescents were selected by simple random sampling technique (lottery method) and out of 75 overweight adolescents, 50 overweight adolescents were selected by convenient sampling technique. Initially BMI identified, Talliquis method was used for identifying the anemia. Peripheral smear test used for identifying the iron deficiency anaemia.

Results: The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that out of 300 adolescents75 (25%) of adolescents were overweight. Out of 100 children (50+50) 19(38%) were anemic in adolescents with overweight and seven (14%) were anemic in adolescents with normal weight. Out of the total 26 adolescents with anemia (19 -overweight and 7- normal weight) no occurrence of iron deficiency anemia was found. There is no significant difference in occurrence of anemia between overweight and normal weight adolescence.

Interpretation and conclusion: The findings of the study indicates that majority of the overweight adolescents were anemic compare to normal-weight adolescents. There is no association between the occurrence of anemia and demographic variables like age, food habits, physical activity, menstrual problems etc.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE OF POST OPERATIVE SELF CARE FOR MOTHERS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, MANGALORE
Authors: Rajan Elizabeth , Nayak Sabitha
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted on Effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge of post operative self care for mothers undergoing elective caesarean section in selected hospitals, Mangalore. The research design was a one group pre test post test design which was a pre experimental research design. 40 mothers undergoing elective caesarean section by purposive sampling.

The pretest knowledge questionnaire was administered to the mothers two days prior to caesarean section, followed by a self instructional module on post operative self care. Post test was conducted after 5 days using the same tool. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean knowledge score was 14.98 whereas maximum possible score was 30. Among the 11 areas, the mean percentage knowledge score in the area of caesarean section and self care was 77.50% bladder and bowel care was 60% breast feeding was 58.40% diet was 52.50% pain management was 47.50% post operative complications and home care was 46% baby care was 44.33% early ambulation and exercise was 44% perineal hygiene was 41% wound care was 40.67% and deep breathing and coughing was 40.67%.

The 't' value showed significant in the post test ('t' calculated value of pretest and post test knowledge scores = 18.000, p<0.001) which showed that self-instructional module was effective in improving the knowledge of mothers on post operative self care after caesarian section.

There was significant association between the level of knowledge and demographic variables namely age parity, education, occupation, monthly income, exposure to health awareness and history of caesarean section.
PERCEPTION REGARDING FEMALE FETICIDE AMONG FEMALES ATTENDING OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENTS OF SELECTED HOSPITAL OF LUDHIANA CITY
Authors: Choudhary Mamta
Published: April 2020

Background: Although the Indian girl child's position is precarious throughout the country, she remains the most vulnerable in Punjab.

Objectives: To assess the perception of females regarding female feticide.

Study Design: Cross- sectional study.

Materials and Methods: The study involved collection of information regarding perception of females about female feticide using multiple-choice questionnaire. Two hundred and fifty female patients attending medical and surgical OPD's of selected hospital were recruited in the study by using simple random sampling.

Results: Majority of the females perceived that male child is more preferred in society. Moreover, majority of subjects have the view that female feticide has harmful impact on the society and should be stopped. The suggestion given by subjects to curb this evil practice included enforcement of strict laws, punishment to people and doctor involved and creating awareness regarding the issue.
SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF DENTAL IMPLANTS
Authors: Bhat Vinaya , Balaji S. Sriram
Published: April 2020

Surface treatment of titanium implants has been a new frontier in clinical dentistry. Usually it is based on additive and subtractive techniques that modify the surface topography of implants. It alters the roughness/smoothness of the implant surface which becomes more favourable to achieve osseointegration. This modified surface exhibits varied biological responses when the implant is placed in the oral cavity.

This article reviews the principles behind treating the surface of titanium, the numerous methods employed for treating the surface and the cellular response elicited. A complete electronic search and hand search has been conducted for the purpose.
A STUDY OF FOOTPRINTS OF TREE-CLIMBING COMMUNITIES OF SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Bhat P. Shivarama , Kumar Arunachalam
Published: April 2020

The paper details the morphological adaptations of the foot shape and its arches to sustained professional tree climbing activity. Foot inversion, as required by climbers on a long term and regular basis reshapes the bony architecture of the foot and the medial longitudinal arch over a period of time. These changes can be observed and measured, noninvasively through study of footprints.

This community study on the progressive adaptation of the arch to the rigors of climbing was recorded through footprints collected from the climbers with varied experience in the profession. The collation of observations show that the medial arch continues to shrink with sustained inversion, raising the dome of the instep.

The progressive compensatory rise in arch height however, is arrested abruptly after a phase, with failure of the arch to accommodate further to more stress – leading to slipping and falls from heights. The article discusses the bio-mechanisms and kinetics of foot adaptation to the rigors of climbers and analysis the cause of accidental falls, even though most of the accidental fall victims have had a number of years of climbing experience.
SLEEP DURATION AND SLEEP HYGIENE PRACTICES IN ADOLESCENTS: AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES
Authors: John Bindu
Published: April 2020

Aim: The study aims at assessing the sleep hygiene practices among Indian adolescents and to identify the age and gender influence on sleep duration and sleep hygiene practices.

Methods: The data was drawn from a part of pilot study conducted among adolescents from sixth to 12 grade in India as a part of doctoral research. A stratified random sampling method was used. A total of 58 adolescents, 29 males and 29 females participated in the study. Data was collected using two questionnaires, one for the general demographic data with a part on sleep duration and the second for estimating the sleep hygiene practices.

Results: The adolescents slept on an average of 7.68±.99 h during school days, and 8.70±1.63 h on weekends. Middle adolescents slept less than early adolescents. Gender showed no significance with sleep duration, since p-values were >.05 level of significance. The mean sleep hygiene index scores were 28.59 ±6.71. Even though the sleep hygiene scores of males were slightly better than females, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Adolescents in the study obtained less than recommended hours of sleep for their age on school days. Sleep hygiene practices were moderately poor among adolescents. Emphasizing good sleep hygiene practices, and integrating sleep promotion programs into daily routines should be considered to improve the sleep problems in adolescents.
PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS AND THEIR CO - RELATION TO HABITS IN PATIENTS VISITING A DENTAL SCHOOL OF SOUTH KARNATAKA: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY- 2012
Authors: Hegde Mithra N. , Jain Radhika , Punja Ashwitha
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and their co-relation to deleterious habits of smoking, tobacco and alcohol consumption. 2000 patients visiting both rural and urban centres were screened for oral lesions and information regarding habits was obtained through a questionnaire. The results showed the prevalence of oral mucosal lesion to be 16.7% in the study population. The most frequent observation was the presence of Fordyce's spots(6.2%) followed by smoker's palate( 5.6%), leukoedema(3.15%), leukoplakia(2.1%), oral sumucous fibrosis(2%), recurrent aphthous ulcers and lingual varices(1.6%), Lichen planus(1.2%) and oral candidiasis(1%). The habits were found to be associated with increased prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, especially in men. The study concluded the need for formulation of public health programmes discouraging these practises and public awareness of their ill-effects.
THE AWARENESS IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT OF NURSING STAFF AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF MANGALORE, SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Bhat Tanmay , Badiger Sanjeev , Ballal Rajesh
Published: April 2020

Introduction:In country like India, where there is big and complex health care system, mixed economy, private and Government hospitals working together; while providing services generate waste. It is estimated that the quantity of waste generated from hospitals in our country ranges between 0.5 and 2.0 kg/bed/day and annually about 0.33 million tons of waste are generated in India

Aim and objectives:To study the awareness of nursing staff about the biomedical waste segregation in a tertiary care center

Material and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nurses of Justice K.S.Hegde Hospital, Derlakatte. Total of 123 nurses who were present at the time were the study subjects. The pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which was validated by face validation method was distributed.

Results:The total of 96.66% of nurses knew the segregation of biomedical waste was the need of the hour. 90% of them felt they have adequate knowledge about segregation. 96% knew the color coding of sharps and human anatomical waste. But 99% knew the colour coding of blood, blood products and microbiological waste. 67% knew the colour coding of pharmacological waste and double glove disposal. Only 89.3% were confident that they followed the correct methods of segregation.
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATED ENDODONTIC SEALER
Authors: Geethashri A , Palaksha KJ , Kumar B Mohana , Sridhar KR , Sanjeev Ganesh , Shetty A Veena
Published: April 2020

Background: The persistent pathogenic microorganisms in root canal system even after chemo-mechanical preparations cause endodontic infection and failure of the treatment. Thus the filling material, in addition to its good sealing ability, should offer long term antimicrobial effect and be non-toxic to cells and dentin. Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) is the most commonly used root canal sealer in endodontics. Electron beam (e-beam) is an ionizing radiation and known to cause physiochemical and biological changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of e-beam irradiation on bioactive properties of ZOE.

Methodology: The homogenous mixture of ZOE was prepared as per manufacturer's instructions and discs of 6 mm were prepared by loading the paste into sterile moulds. After complete drying discs were aseptically removed and subjected to e-beam irradiation at doses of 250 Gy, 500 Gy, 750 Gy and 1000 Gy at Microtron Centre, Mangalore University. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of both control(non-irradiated) and irradiated sealer against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans were determined by well diffusion method and antibiofilm by O'Toole method, respectively. The cytotoxicity was determined by using MTT assay on human gingival fibroblasts.

Results: The antimicrobial effect of ZOE was observed only against S. aureus and C. albicans. The ZOE sealer irradiated at 1000 Gy showed a significantly (P< 0.001) increased antimicrobial effect against S. aureus and C. albicans compared to control ZOE. However, the substantially increased antibiofilm activity against C. albicans was noticed in the ZOE irradiated at 250 Gy. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in cytotoxicity between control and irradiated ZOE.

Conclusion: The e-beam irradiated endodontic sealer ZOE at 1000 Gy and 250 Gy significantly enhanced the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity respectively without changing its biocompatibility.
EVALUATION OF SALIVARY ENZYMES IN POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT PERIODONTITIS
Authors: B. Santhosh Shenoy , Shenoy Prajnya , Talwar Avaneendra , Thomas Biju , Sharath K.S. , K. Shamila Shetty
Published: April 2020

Aim: To compare the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in post-menopausal women with and without periodontitis

Methodology: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. A total of 50 postmenopausal women were recruited and categorized into two groups based on their periodontal status. Their salivary samples were collected and subjected to Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) estimation in the laboratory

Results: The activity of LDH and ALP were significantly higher in the post-menopausal women with periodontitis than those without periodontitis.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated post-menopausal women may have exaggerated inflammatory response to dental plaque.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT- A STITCH IN TIME
Authors: Mohan Muralee , Prasad Rajendra , Sharma S.M. , Shetty Deepthi , Pandya Kalpa
Published: April 2020

Basic Life Support is the identification of emergency medical conditions such as stroke, cardiac arrest, foreign body obstruction; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. The main aim of CPR is to increase the blood supply to the brain and the heart. Any delay in providing CPR reduces the chances of survival for the victim. Thus timely CPR is also mandatory. Training in Basic life Support skills is a must for medical and paramedical professionals and students. Moreover, it is essential to train even the layman in these skills as bystanders are the first and the best rescuers if trained adequately. American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines are one of the most widely accepted ones in terms of measures for basic life support. These guidelines are updated every five years. The last update was in 2010. Through, this article an attempt has been made to throw light on the 2005 protocol and 2010 updates as recommended by AHA.
UNILATERAL BICONDYLAR HOFFA FRACTURE WITH A FRACTURE SHAFT AND DISLOCATED KNEE AND HIP IN A MIDDLE AGED ADULT: A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Shetty Ashwin , Shetty Mable Kumar , Ballal Arjun , Babu Nirmal , Rai Ravindranath
Published: April 2020

Fracture at the distal end of the femur usually occurs in the sagittal plane. Hoffa fracture, i.e., coronal slice fracture of the condyles of the femur, is rare in adults and even rarer in children.

In the case we wish to discuss here presented to our emergency room with an open knee injury due to a road traffic accident. Imaging of the right lower limb revealed an open Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB bicondylar Hoffa fracture with an anterior dislocation of knee with a comminuted patella and a shaft of femur fracture with a posteriorly dislocated hip.

He underwent a successful stabilization and cannulated cancellous screw fixation of the Hoffa fracture and fixation of other injuries.
MONOARTICULAR SYNOVITIS OF KNEE DUE TO UNRECOGNISED INTRA-ARTICULAR PLANT SPLINTER
Authors: Shetty Siddharth M , Shetty Vikram , Ballal Arjun , Shetty Jayaprakash
Published: April 2020

Synovitis of a knee secondary to penetrating splinter injuries of plant origin aren't frequently reported. Historically, it is considered aseptic and treated with removal of the intraarticular foreign body and affected synovial lining.

We report a case of a 59-year-old healthy man whose left knee was injured while at work at a bamboo plantation site. He presented to us with pain and swelling of the knee for one month. He underwent diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee wherein a foreign body was identified, located and removed and near total synovectomy was done.

We present this patient's case and its management with a review of the relevant literature.
A CASE REPORT ON STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME
Authors: Dharmarajan Babu , Varghese Sanil , T. Sachina B.
Published: April 2020

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are a rare disease which is considered to be more devastating and fatal in nature. Usually symptoms may start with the involvement of epidermis and progress to the various manifestations. Early findings, symptomatic and supportive treatment will have the more positive impact on the outcome of the client.
A RARE CASE OF SCRUB TYPHUS MASQUERADING AS BREAST ABSCESS
Authors: Krishna Venkata Pothukuchi , Chepuri Venkata Ravikumar , Kanumuri Sudhakar , Yarram Raghavareddy , Yadalla Sailaja
Published: April 2020

We are presenting a case of scrub typhus masquerading as breast abscess in a pregnant woman who attended to hospital with history of fever and breast tenderness. A high index of suspicion is necessary as it is rarely seen but easily treatable and without proper and timely treatment, serious complications may arise which carries high mortality rate. Scrub typhus during pregnancy is quite rare. The line of treatment of scrub typhus in pregnancy is also analysed.
TREATMENT OF ANKYLOGLOSSIA USING DIODE LASER – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Prabhu Manavi , KS Sharath , Biju Thomas , B. Santhosh Shenoy , Shetty Shamila
Published: April 2020

Lingual frenulum is the vertical fold of mucous membrane under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth. This congenital anomaly could cause diastema, difficulties in the movement of the tongue, feeding difficulties, speech disorders and various mechanical and social issues. Conventional frenectomy techniques would include the use of a scalpel, which often requires at least one suture and leads to some degree of post-operative discomfort as well as the need for a return visit to remove the suture. The main advantages of using thediode laser are that there is no bleeding; less of operative pain, no need of anesthesia, and suturing is not required, minimizing post-operative discomfort for the patient, and reducing procedure time for the practitioner.
FEMALE PATIENT WITH A VARIANT OF TURNER SYNDROME
Authors: A. Meenakshi , Shetty Prashanth , Kumari Suchetha , Kadandale Jayarama , Nandan Neetha
Published: April 2020

The X chromosome contains determinants necessary to assure normal structural growth. Deletions of proportions of the X chromosome have been reported in a huge number of patients. We report on a mosaic short arm deletion of X chromosome (Xp-) in 14-years-old female patient with short stature, low set ears and no secondary sexual characteristics, a rare Turner syndrome variant. Chromosomal analysis using GTG-banding showed in 85% of cells and 46, X, del(Xp) in 15% of cells. The Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique of the cultured cells helped to perceive low grade cell line. Hence, molecular cytogenetics methods are essential to detect low level mosaicism which is important in better counseling.
RESISTANT CANDIDA PNEUMONIA IN TWO PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: S. Baikunje , VS Upadhyaya , GB Hosmane , S. Rama Prakasha
Published: April 2020

Patients with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of sepsis and infection is the second leading cause of death in dialysis patients. Primary candida pneumonia is extremely rare and there is very little data on its treatment and outcome in chronic kidney disease patients. We report resistant candida pneumonia in two patients with chronic kidney disease. Both patients were successfully treated with anidulafungin which is a newer echinocandin. The current recommendation is not to treat candida isolated from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. But our cases demonstrate that in the relevant clinical setting, positive sputum cultures cannot be ignored and prompt treatment can be lifesaving in this condition with high mortality. Both the patients developed generalized pigmentation which resolved in a few weeks which, to the best of our knowledge has never been reported with this drug before. It is unknown whether this adverse effect is limited to patients with chronic kidney disease.
EMBRYONIC CYSTS, SINUSES AND FISTULAE OF BRANCHIAL ORIGIN
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam
Published: April 2020

This brief review hopes to provide basic embryological and anatomical information on location, cause and identification of congenital developmental anomalies related to formation of pharyngeal (branchial) arches to paediatricians, otolaryngologists, obstetricians and neonatologists. The pathological manifestations due to neglect or oversight of these development defects have potential to cause a wide range of clinical disorders.

Correct and timely recognition of these congenital developmental defects and their redress through appropriate surgical and clinical interventions require clinicians to possess a rudimentary grasp of embryological processes
A REVIEW OF CURRENT CONCEPTS IN BRUXISM – DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: D. Krishna Prasad , Swaminathan Archana Ashok , D. Anupama Prasad
Published: April 2020

Bruxism, which can be considered as an umbrella term for clenching and grinding of teeth, is the commonest of the many parafunctional activities of the stomatognathic system. Bruxism can occur during wakefulness or during sleep and each has a different set of causative factors. The early diagnosis and management can prevent the breakdown of the dentition and pain in the orofacial region. Although various treatment modalities are present, the successful management of bruxism lies in the precise diagnosis and isolation of the etiology.
Profile picture of risk factors for breast cancer among community women of Udupi, Karnataka
Authors: Shadap Arkierupaia
Published: April 2020

Globally, breast cancer is considered to be one amongst the most commonly cancer. In India, it is
considered to be the second cancer disease among women with most of the affected
population is in the urban areas. Breast cancer is seen mostly after the age of 40 years.
According to the Cancer fact 2012, breast cancer is now seen to be among women aged from 35
years above.

Materials and methods: The study was a descriptive survey study to assess the numbers of risk
factors for breast cancer among the 320 community women who were willing to participate in
the study. A validated structured questionnaire was given to the subjects after taking consent.

Results: The study finding shows that out of 320 women surveyed, 252 (78.75%) belonged to
“with risk” category and 68 (21.25%) belonged to “No risk” category for risk factors of breast
cancer. The risk factorsfor breast cancer detected among these 252 who belonged to 'with risk'
were, majority 24.4% had menarche at the age of ≤ 12 years, none had the personal history of
breast cancer and 0.3% had the history of first-degree relative sister diagnosed with breast
cancer. There were 44.7% women who first had their delivery at the age of ≥30 years and above.
16.9% did not give breast feeding; none had the history of biopsy, 3.8% had the history of taking
oral contraceptives of .5 years period and none had the history of taking alcohol in their life.

Conclusion: The study concluded that making the community women aware through health
educations, distributing pamphlets and organizing programmes on breast cancer and the risk
factors will motivate them to attend the health care services for better treatment. Better
treatment will further enhance the morbidity and mortality rate among the community women.
Cross-Hand Replantation
Authors: Sabapathy S. Raja , Venkatramani Hari , Ramkumar Sanjai , Mohan Monusha , Zhang Dafang
Published: April 2020

Combined major injury to both upper extremities, in which one hand is amputated and structurally intact but not replantable, and the other hand is unsalvageable, is a rare setting in which cross-hand replantation may be considered. We report a case of an emergency cross-hand replantation performed at the wrist level. In our case, insertions of the wrist flexor and extensor tendons at the second and third metacarpal bases were retained at the recipient, allowing for early active wrist motion and finger motion by tenodesis. Fascicle-specific nerve coaptations were performed. The patient achieved satisfactory functional results, allowing him independence with daily living activities and return to gainful employment. At the time of telemedicine follow-up at 5 years, he was employed full-time, reported no difficulty or mild difficulty with most daily activities, and preferred the use of his replanted hand over a contralateral prosthesis.
Consistency between Impedance Technique and Echocardiogram Hemodynamic Measurements in Neonates
Authors: Wu Wenshen , Lin Sulian , Xie Caixuan , Li Jianbo , Lie Jingen , Qiu Shuyi
Published: April 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to validate impedance technique (IT) by investigating the agreement in cardiac output measurements performed by IT and echocardiography (ECHO).

Study design This is a prospective observational study, including a total of 30 neonates who underwent hemodynamic measurements by IT and ECHO. To determine the agreement between both methods, we performed IT to measure stroke volume (SV-IT) and cardiac output (CO-IT) immediately before or after ECHO to measure SV (SV-ECHO) and CO (CO-ECHO). The precision and accuracy of the IT relative to ECHO were assessed.

Results SV-ECHO and SV-IT were (4.45 ± 0.78) and (4.54 ± 0.81) mL, respectively. The bias and limits of agreement of SV-IT were 0.09 mL and ( –1.92 to 1.73) mL, respectively. The true precision of SV-IT was 27.3%. Furthermore, CO-ECHO and CO-IT were (0.62 ± 0.12) and (0.61 ± 0.12) L/min, respectively. The bias and LoA of CO-IT were 0.01L/min and (–0.33 to 0.31) L/min, respectively. The true precision of CO-IT was 28.3%.

Conclusion Agreement between the IT and ECHO in the cardiac output measurement appeared acceptable. However, the accuracy and precision of the IT approach should be further investigated using a larger sample.
Electron Transfer in a Naphthalene Diimide System Studied by Single-Molecule Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Cox Rosalind P. , Sandanayake Saman , Langford Steven J. , Bell Toby D. M.
Published: April 2020

Electron transfer (ET) is a key chemical reaction in nature and has been extensively studied in bulk systems, but remains challenging to investigate at the single-molecule level. A previously reported naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based system (Higginbotham et al., Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 5061–5063) displays delayed fluorescence with good quantum yield (~0.5) and long-lived (nanoseconds) prompt and delayed fluorescence lifetimes, providing an opportunity to interrogate the underlying ET processes in single molecules. Time-resolved single-molecule fluorescence measurements enabled forward and reverse ET rate constants to be calculated for 45 individual molecules embedded in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film. Interpretation of the results within the framework of Marcus–Hush theory for ET demonstrates that variation in both the electronic coupling and the driving force for ET is occurring from molecule to molecule within the PMMA film and over time for individual molecules.
‘Live and Large’: Super-Resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (SOFI) and Expansion Microscopy (ExM) of Microtubule Remodelling by Rabies Virus P Protein
Authors: Rozario Ashley M. , Zwettler Fabian , Duwé Sam , Hargreaves Riley B. , Brice Aaron , Dedecker Peter , Sauer Markus , Moseley Gregory W. , Whelan Donna R. , Bell Toby D. M.
Published: April 2020

The field of super-resolution microscopy continues to progress rapidly, both in terms of evolving techniques and methodologies as well as in the development of new multi-disciplinary applications. Two current drivers of innovation are increasing the possible resolution gain and application in live samples. Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is well suited to live samples while expansion microscopy (ExM) enables obtainment of sub-diffraction information via conventional imaging. In this Highlight we provide a brief outline of these methods and report results from application of SOFI and ExM in our on-going study into microtubule remodelling by rabies virus P proteins. We show that MT bundles in live cells transfected with rabies virus P3 protein can be visualised using SOFI in a time-lapse fashion for up to half an hour and can be expanded using current Pro-ExM protocols and imaged using conventional microscopy.
The discursive (mis)representation of English language proficiency
Authors: Bodis Agnes
Published: April 2020

International education constitutes a key industry in Australia and international students represent a third of
university students at Australian universities. This paper examines the media representation of international students in terms of
their English language proficiency. The study applies Critical Discourse Analysis to the multimodal data of an episode of a
current affairs TV program, Four Corners, and social media comments made to the episode. Using Social Actor
Analysis, the study finds that the responsibility for declining standards at universities is assigned to international students
through representations of their language use as problematic. This is supported by the visual representation of international
students as different. By systematically mapping out the English-as-a-problem discourse, the paper finds that the media
representation of language proficiency and language learning is simplistic and naïve and the social media discussion reinforces
this. This further contributes to the discursive exclusion of international students.