bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
READINESS ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION TO THE APPLICATION OF TELEMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Berdnyk Inna , Bulda Volodymyr , Bogomaz Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

This article presents original data on patients' awareness of arterial hypertension and their readiness to use telemedicine technologies.
The aim: to study the factors that may affect the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) through the use of telemedicine technologies.
Materials and methods: this study involves 336 outpatients and indoor patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Anonymously, using a questionnaire, were assessed patients' awareness of their diagnosis, access to the Internet, and the ability to remotely control of blood pressure.
Results: only about a third of all respondents systematically took the recommended antihypertensive therapy daily. Among them, the vast majority were indoor patients (82 %). We found a direct dependence between the regularity to use the antihypertensive therapy and the interest in the use of telemonitoring of blood pressure (Spearman correlation coefficient +0.59). There is a low awareness of patients about the possibilities of remote monitoring of blood pressure (only 11 %), the vast majority of patients (60 %) for the first time learned about such technologies. Among our respondents, a statistically significant dependence was found between the age of patients and interest in telemonitoring blood pressure at a significance level of p<0.01 (χ2 – 26.119, and the critical value of χ2 significance level p=0.01 is 9.21).
Conclusions: the main sources of information for patients with arterial hypertension are primary care physicians (family doctors, therapists) and the Internet. Limited access of patients to the Internet can negatively affect over introduction of telemedicine technologies for the management of arterial hypertension, despite the great interest of patients and society.
CASPASE-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF CASCADE CYTOKINES IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN COMBINATION WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Pasiieshvili Tamara , Pasiieshvili Lyudmila , Zhelezniakova Natalia , Kovalyova Olga
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study: to assess the role of caspase-1 and IL-18 in the implementation of the inflammatory response in young patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two groups of patients homogeneous by gender and age. The first group included 42 patients with an isolated AIT and the second group – 120 patients with a comorbid course of AIT and GERD. The contingent of the surveyed was students. Median age was from 18 to 25 years: 23.1±1.2 years in group with isolated AIT and 21.9±2.7 years in group with combined pathology. The activity of caspase-1 was determined using “Elabscience” kits, USA (China) by immunoassay method. The content of IL-18 was investigated using commercial kits “Bender MedSystems GmbH” (Austria) according to the proposed methods by immunoassay method. Statistical data processing was carried out using the local universal software package Statistica Basic Academic 13 for Windows En Local. Methods of non-parametric statistics were used: Kruskal-Wallis test, median test, Mann-Whitney test.
Results. It has been found that caspase-1 is activated in patients both in the isolated course of AIT and in its combination with GERD. At the same time, a significant increasing in the synthesis of IL-18 was established, which has pro-inflammatory and autoimmune effects. Re-examination after 2 months of caspase-1 and IL-18 in examined persons determined decreasing their levels, but control results were not achieved.
Conclusion. In young patients, the combination of GERD and AIT, as well as an isolated AIT is accompanied by an increasing the levels of caspase-1 and IL-18 in blood serum related to inflammatory process in the thyroid gland and esophageal mucosa with autoimmune component. These biomarkers may reflect the severity of clinical course of diseases and serve as prognostic indicator of outcome in case of comorbidity.
MONITORING OF THE ASSOCIATED COURSE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS AND BABESIOSIS IN DOGS OF THE SUMY REGION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Turchenko Olha
Published: February 2021

Leptospirosis and babesiosis in dogs may be associated. These diseases often have similar symptoms and mask each other, or are asymptomatic, which complicates the diagnosis, significantly worsens the prognosis and reduces the survival of sick animals. Monitoring of the associated course of leptospirosis and babesiosis in dogs makes it possible to study the frequency of this parasitocenosis in dogs and the peculiarities of its course, which is the basis for improving the diagnosis and treatment of sick animals.
The aim of the research. Monitor the associated course of leptospirosis and babesiosis in dogs.
Methods. The research was conducted in the private veterinary clinic “Vetservice” in Sumy and in the serology department of the Sumy Regional State Laboratory of the Civil Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection. Blood samples were taken from dogs came for treatment to the “Vetservice” clinic. The diagnosis of babesiosis was established directly in the clinic by the results of erythrocyte microscopy in thin smears of peripheral blood of sick dogs stained by Giemsa. The diagnosis of leptospirosis was established in the serology department of the Sumy Regional State Laboratory based on the results of a study of the serum of sick dogs in the microagglutination reaction. The subjects of the study were clinically ill and suspected dogs with the associated course of leptospirosis and babesiosis, as well as blood samples from these animals. Babesium trophozoites were detected in erythrocytes under an immersion microscope, a magnification of ocular 10 x 90, and the presence of antibodies to leptospira was detected by the presence of agglutination of leptospira in microagglutination reaction.
Results. In the study of the incidence of dogs associated with leptospirosis and babesiosis during 2014–2019, according to the clinic “Vetservice” found that the number of reported cases of associated leptospirosis and babesiosis annually varies from 9 to 28 cases. This parasitocenosis is registered all year round with peaks in spring and autumn, moderately in summer and rarely in winter. Purebred animals get sick several times more often than non pedigree ones. During the period from 2016 to 2019, the number of diseases in females and males was approximately the same. During the period from 2014 to 2015, males were more often ill.
Conclusions. The prevalence of the associated course of leptospirosis and babesiosis in dogs of the Sumy region of Ukraine was determined with the determination of seasonal, breed and sexual dynamics of this parasitocenosis
EVALUATION OF HORMONAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS, ALONG WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN WOMEN WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE COMBINED WITH SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM DEPENDING ON AGE
Authors: Kolesnikova Olena , Potapenko Anna , Vysotska Olena , Zaprovalna Olga
Published: February 2021

Patients with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and subclinical hypothyroidism are at risk of cardiovascular complications that cause cardiometabolic changes, thus enabling to broaden our understanding of the cardiovascular events risk in a comorbid patient.
The aim: The study of hormonal and metabolic indicators and cardiovascular risk factors in women from NAFLD combined with SH (subclinical hypothyroidism) depending on the age.
Materials and methods: 128 patients with NAFLD were studied, which were divided into 2 groups: І group – patients with NAFLD and level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) – 4 to 10 mIU/mL (n=45), ІІ group - patients with NAFLD and level of TSH >10 mIU/mL (n=49). The control group consisted of 34 NAFLD patients without SH. Depending on the level of TSH and age, degree of cardiovascular risk, indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the indicators that reflect ED were evaluated.
Results: Comparison of metabolic parameters in two groups showed a significant difference (p<0.01 between indicators depending on the TSH level, where patients were below 50 years of age: HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP). The levels of CDEC (circulating desquamated endothelial cells), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), CRP (C-reactive protein) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) were dependent not only on TSH, but also on age. Significant differences (p=0.001) were obtained in patients aged ≤ 50 years: CDEC; VEGF, CRP; TNF-α.
Conclusions: Patients from NAFLD combined with SH have hormonal-metabolic disorders, and their degree depends on the TSH level. Early cardiometabolic changes in women are formed already at the age under 50 years, which indicates the formation of early atherosclerotic vascular changes
CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS AND OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME CAUSED BY COVID-19 AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE COURSE AND OUTCOMES OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Korsunov Volodymyr , Georgiyants Marine , Skoryk Vita
Published: February 2021

The aim. Determine hemodynamic status and its impact on oxygen transport, frequency of adverse events and outcomes in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Materials and methods. A single-center prospective comparative study was conducted with 29 patients enrolled over the period of July—October 2020 who suffered a severe course of coronavirus disease and bilateral pneumonia associated with ARDS. Based on the estimated cardiac index (CI), patients were allocated to two groups: Group 1 included 14 patients with severe ARDS and CI 1.9 [1.5–2.5] L/min/m2, whereas Group 2 included 15 patients with CI 4.2 [3.2–8.1] L/min/m2 (p=0.001). Patient`s intensive care was regulated by the relevant orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using Statistica 10 software. Statistical significance of parameters was assessed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon criterion. Results were considered significant at p values <0.05. Data are presented as M [25–75]. Relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) of adverse events were calculated.
Results. The severe course of coronavirus disease is associated with significant oxygen transport disorders that increase with hypovolemia. Despite the increase in oxygen delivery in the group with normal CI its high tissue extraction remained, which may be a sign of development mitochondrial distress.
Conclusions. Patients admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 may be in a state of hypovolemia and require individual assessment of hemodynamic status and the appointment of infusion therapy. Increased oxygen delivery in patients with normal cardiac index was associated with decreased adverse events rate and statistically significant decrease of mortality rate
THE ROLE OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN MELATONIN CONTENT AS A REGULATOR OF DEFENSE AND AGGRESSION FACTORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE PATIENTS WITH SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
Authors: Oparin Anatoliy , Oparin Aleksey , Murghuzov Murghuz
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study: to study the effect of the quality of life on the melatonin content, and at the same time to assess the state of the factors of aggression and protection of the esophageal mucosa in patients with GERD without comorbidities and with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
Methods. 45 patients were taken for the study. 23 of them had GERD  concomitant COPD, 22 were with isolated GERD with a non-erosive form.
Melatonin levels were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method (ELIZA). Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Antioxidant protection of the mucous membrane (protection factor) – was assessed by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD activity in blood serum was determined by calorimetric method. Determination of the DC level was carried out in the blood by the spectrofluorimetric method.
Results. The study showed that in patients with GERD with concomitant COPD, there is a significant decrease in the indicators of antioxidant activity and melatonin, both with indicators from the control group and with indicators of patients with GERD without comorbidity.
At the same time, in patients with GERD without comorbidities, an increase in the level of DC was observed in comparison with the control group and patients with GERD with concomitant pathology and acidity of gastric juice.
When analyzing the indicators of QOL in patients with GERD with concomitant pathology, there is a significantly more pronounced decrease in mental health, role emotional functioning and vitality.
Conclusions. It has been established that in patients with GERD in the stage of exacerbation of the disease, there is a statistically significant decrease in QOL indicators with a high degree of reliability, manifesting itself in patients without combined pathology in the spectrum of indicators of the physical component of health, and in patients with GERD with concomitant obstructive sleep syndrome – in the spectrum of the psychological component quality of life.
It has been shown that with a decrease in QOL in patients with GERD, the level of melatonin decreases, the decrease in which more clearly increases in patients with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea.
Simultaneously with a drop in the level of melatonin in patients with GERD without associated pathology, the aggression factor increases with a high degree of certainty - that is, a decrease in the pH of gastric juice and an increase in the content of DC, while in patients with GERD with concomitant sleep apnea syndrome, the factor decreases with a high degree of certainty. Protection of the esophageal mucosa – (that is, a decrease in SOD activity), which must be taken into account when treating this category of patients.
VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN COMBINATION WITH BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE: FEATURES OF PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Pandei Svitlana , Ledin Dmytro , Lubkovska Oleksandra
Published: February 2021

The aim. Reducing the recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in combination with bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women of reproductive age by studying the pathogenesis and improving the algorithm of treatment and prevention measures.
Materials and methods. During the study, 150 women of reproductive age who had the same clinical manifestations of VVC and BV were selected and divided into 3 groups of 50 women: Group I was treated with an antimicrobial combination drug (miconazole with topical metronidazole), group II – the same drug in combination with probiotic (lactobacilli) in candles, group III – according to the algorithm improved by the authors. In addition, a control group was formed, which included healthy women of reproductive age.
 To establish the pathogenesis of VVC in combination with BV in the studied women, the concentration of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the blood before and after treatment was determined and compared with the control group.
The clinical effect of different treatments was assessed at 3, 7, 10, 14 days, and the presence of relapses – 1, 3, 6 months after treatment.
Results. The occurrence of a combination of VVC and BV in women of reproductive age is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) along with a statistically significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6) (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - TNF-α. As a result of the application of the algorithm improved by the authors, higher clinical efficiency and the ability to avoid recurrence of VVC in combination with BV in women of reproductive age were obtained.
Conclusions. The authors' substantiated improvement of the algorithm of VVC treatment in combination with BV in women of reproductive age makes it possible to reduce the frequency of their recurrence and restore the biocenosis of the vagina to normal. In the case of this pathology there is an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8), TNF-α and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.
PERSPECTIVES OF VEGETABLE PRESSED SKINS PROCESSING AND USE IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Cherevko Aleksandr , Mykhaylov Valeriy , Mayak Оlga , Shevchenko Andrey , Prasol Svitlana , Sardarov Aziz
Published: February 2021

Vegetable concentrates contain in their composition dietary fibers, microelements, color-forming substances, allowing to use them as a replacer of a main substance in food products rather successfully. The authors propose a way of vegetables processing into vegetable semi-products. Vacuum drying of vegetable pressed skins using vibration is provided.
The method of vegetables processing into vegetable concentrates on an example of carrot provides raw material separation in juice and pressed skin with further separate processing of each component.
For realizing the proposed method, a technological production line of concentrates of vegetable raw materials, including developed and studied equipment: vacuum evaporating apparatus with a device for heating and mixing, vacuum vibration dryer has been developed.
Experimental studies of a swelling degree, solubility and reproduction of vegetable pressed skins have proved an advantage of drying raw materials under the influence of vibration that confirmed the choice of process parameters. Vegetable pressed skins at using vibration and vacuum have a swelling degree by 120…170 % more than at the convection drying regime
Improving grain size analysis using computer vision techniques and implications for grain growth kinetics
Authors: Ezad Isra S. , Einsle Joshua F. , Dobson David P. , Hunt Simon A. , Thomson Andrew R. , Brodholt John P.
Published: February 2021

Earth’s physical properties and mantle dynamics are strongly dependent on mantle grain size, shape, and orientation, but these characteristics are poorly constrained. Experimental studies provide an opportunity to simulate the grain growth kinetics of mantle aggregates. The experimentally determined grain sizes can be fit to the normal grain growth law (Gn – G0n) = k0t∙exp(–ΔH/RT) and then be used to determine grain size throughout the mantle and geological time. The grain growth dynamics of spinelorthopyroxene mixtures in the upper mantle are modeled here by experimentally producing small grain sizes in the range of 0.5 to 2 µm radius at pressures and temperatures equivalent to the spinel lherzolite stability field. To accurately measure the sizes of these small grains, we have developed a computer vision workflow; using a watershed transformation, which rapidly measures 68% more grains and produces a 20% improvement in the average grain size accuracy and repeatability when compared with manual methods. Using this automated approach, we have been able to identify a significant proportion of small grains, which have been overlooked when using manual methods. This additional population of grains, when fit to the normal grain growth law, highlights the influence of improved accuracy and sample size on the estimation of grain growth kinetic parameters. Our results demonstrate that automatic computer vision enables a systematic, fast, repeatable method of grain size analysis, across large data sets, improving the accuracy of experimentally determined grain growth kinetics.
Exotic symmetries, duality, and fractons in 2+1-dimensional quantum field theory
Authors: Seiberg Nathan , Shao Shu-Heng
Published: February 2021

We discuss nonstandard continuum quantum field theories in 2+1 dimensions. They exhibit exotic global symmetries, a subtle spectrum of charged excitations, and dualities similar to dualities of systems in 1+1 dimensions. These continuum models represent the low-energy limits of certain known lattice systems. One key aspect of these continuum field theories is the important role played by discontinuous field configurations. In two companion papers, we will present 3+1-dimensional versions of these systems. In particular, we will discuss continuum quantum field theories of some models of fractons.
The Effect of Ad Content and Ad Lengthon Consumer Response towards Online Video Advertisement
Authors: Raditya Djoko , Gunadi Willy , Setiono Dennis , Rawung Jonathan
Published: February 2021

The research aimed to determine the moderating effect of advertisement (ad) length on the relationships between ad content and the intention of skipping, as well as ad irritation. Previous research has discussed the factors that affect customers' intention of skipping and ad irritation, centering around the duration of an ad, and whether the ad is skippable. However, no previous research had focused on the relationship between the intention of skipping and ad irritation that consumers experience. The research attempted to fill in the lacuna in the academic literature on the said issue. In doing so, it examined consumers' responses towards the consumers' intention of ad-skipping and irritation. The experimental research utilized four video ads with varying durations and containing both entertaining and boring content, with long and short ad length. The research sample comprised 120 respondents spend at least more than 1 hour online. The research employed convenience sampling and the method of Univariate Analysis of Variance Linear Model. IBM SPSS Statistics was used for data analysis. The results reveal that the content and length of an online video ad have a direct effect on consumers' ad irritation and intention of skipping. The research concludes that the perceived entertainment of an online video ad significantly affects consumers' intention of skipping and ad irritation. Furthermore, the length of video ads has a major impact on their intention of skipping and ad irritation.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE E INTERFACE PARA O CONTROLE POR RETROALIMENTAÇÃO ATRASADA EM SISTEMAS ELETROQUÍMICOS
Authors: Parma Eduardo , Menezes Laura , Baldin Sidnei , Nagao Raphael
Published: February 2021

DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE AND INTERFACE FOR DELAYED FEEDBACK CONTROL IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS. In this paper, we show the development of a LabVIEW algorithm able to apply the delayed feedback control on oscillatory electrochemical reactions. The coupling of the control and the experiments was carried out by a real-time apparatus, measuring the faradaic current and, in sequence, applying a calculated circuit voltage as an analog output. The setup was used to control the oscillatory Cu/Sn electrodeposition dynamics, used as a model-system, and the results clearly demonstrate the control accuracy. Overall, the code may be a great tool for the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials in different oscillatory electrodeposition reactions, as it offers the ability to control the composition and structure of the deposit by fine tuning the dynamic properties.
Nano-Biomaterials as Sensing and Therapeutic Tool to Mitigate Viral Pathogenesis with Special Reference to COVID-19
Authors: Chauhan Pallavi S. , Yadav Dhananjay , Dubey Anuj , Jin Jun-O
Published: February 2021

In order to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), till now, no such specific
treatment is available. Various coronaviruses (CoV) such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome), and SARS-CoV-2 can infect humans and the name was implicated due to their crown
shape. SARS-CoV-2 is also called COVID-19 which was found to be a novel strain of coronavirus and is
transmitted primarily through small droplets of viral particles that target the human body through the open
pathways. Researchers have observed that microbes can survive for a longer duration as they get adhered to any
object or surface. Nanoparticles have the capability to disable these pathogens even before they enter the body.
To eradicate conventional time consuming steps like quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection
of COVID-19, nanoparticles mediated sensing approaches provide great advances in rapid diagnosis. Nanoparticles-
based biosensors are comparatively beneficial which offer tremendous potential for rapid medical
diagnosis. Nanotechnology can be refined and optimized to attack a wide variety of pathogens. As compared to
other large molecular structures, nanoparticles being small in size, have high sensitivity for bio-sensing and can
move throughout the body without disruption of the immune function.
Simultaneous Determination of Saponins and Lignans in Rat Plasma by UPLC- MS/MS and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Shenqi Jiangtang Granule
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Ruoyu , Xu Cong , Zhang Ya , Tian Qinghua , Wang Baoling , Zhang Guimin , Guan Yongxia , Yan Jizhong
Published: February 2021

Background:

Shenqi Jiangtang Granule (SJG), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat diabetes and its complications. Although, the clinical efficacy of SJG, is sufficient, the pharmacokinetic behavior of various substances in the plasma of SJG is unknown.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics during absorption of SJG after oral administration in rats.

Methods:

A rapid and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC- MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight analytes in SJG, including gomisin D, schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schizandrol A, schizandrol B, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside Ft1. The analysis was carried out on a BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min in a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid water and acetonitrile. In addition, lignans and saponins were detected in positive ion mode and negative ion mode, respectively.

Results:

Eight analytes in SJG, including gomisin D, schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schizandrol A, schizandrol B, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside Ft1, showed good linearity (R2 in the range of 0.9955 ~ 0.9999). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5, 0.8, 0.8, 8, 0.8, 5, 0.6 and 10 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of all analytes were at ±15%. Matrix effect and average extraction recovery were > 85%. All analytes performed well under four storage conditions.

Conclusions:

The results showed that in vivo absorption and exposure of gomisin D and ginsenoside Rd were better than other analytes, while schizandrol B and notoginsenoside Ft1 were poorly absorbed. This approach could be applied to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of various analytes in plasma after oral administration of SJG in rats.
Withania somnifera in Neurological Disorders: Ethnopharmacological Evidence, Mechanism of Action and its Progress in Delivery Systems
Authors: Syed Anees A. , Reza Mohammad I. , Singh Pragati , Thombre Ganesh K. , Gayen Jiaur R.
Published: February 2021

Background:

The underlying cause of major neurodegenerative disorders remains a healthcare mystery.
The thoroughly investigated causes include oxidative stress, inflammation, environmental factor, mitochondrial dysfunction,
and irregular neuronal protein aggregation. Withania somnifera has been used for more than 2500 years as a
useful medicinal plant to improve disease defense, prevent aging, rejuvenate the body in a vulnerable situation, and
generate a feeling of mental well-being. However, a persuasive paper emphasizing its neuroprotective nature is missing.

Objective:

In the current review, we have delineated the protective role of W. somnifera against various neurological
disorders and its progress in delivery systems.

Methods:

The database used in the retrieval of data were PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and SciFinder. The keywords
used were W. somnifera, Ashwagandha, neuroprotective activities, etc. The principal source of the data retrieval
includes research articles, review papers, and short communications from reputed publishers, including the
New England Journal of Medicine, Elsevier, Nature, Springer, and Taylor & Francis.

Results:

After an extensive literature review, we found that W. somnifera mitigates various neurological disorders,
including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington disease, tardive dyskinesia, stroke, and anxiety. Furthermore,
natural compounds in nano sizes range possess better neuroprotective activity. Consequently, polymeric
nanomicelles, nanoparticles, and nanofibers of natural products are used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusion:

The current review substantially deciphered the protective role of W. somnifera against various neurological
disorders. However, future studies are further required better to understand the molecular mechanisms behind
their neuroprotective nature.
Gamma Secretase Inhibitor: Therapeutic Target via NOTCH Signaling in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kaushik Bhupendra , Pal Dilipkumar , Saha Supriyo
Published: February 2021

Background:

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a diseased condition of
bone marrow and lymphoblast, mainly expressed on T-cell immune phenotype. Diagnosis of TALL
patients shows the burden of a large tumour and leukemia cells in the peripheral blood vessel
which often infiltrates into the central nervous system.

Objective:

Chemotherapy is considered the primary mode of treatment for this disease, but recent
advancements in the molecular understanding of the disease, including NOTCH1 signaling, could
offer some alternatives. NOTCH signaling undergoes a non-regulated mutation at NOTCH1 in
most T-ALL. Gamma-secretase (GS) plays a key role in blocking of proteolytic activation of
NOTCH receptors, which could potentially be a new targeted therapy for this type of leukaemia.
This study mainly aims to outline the role of γ-secretase inhibitors via NOTCH signaling in TALL.

Results:

The role of GSI (γ-secretase inhibitor) in most T-ALL cell lines has been linked to the targeting
pathway of NOTCH signaling. Mutation at NOTCH1 has however not served as a predictor
of γ-secretase inhibitor sensitivity because of several factors, including gene expression of NOTCH
pathway activity. Therefore, despite the promising outcome of this approach in NOTCH-1 activated
T-ALL, not all patients with this condition are expected to respond.

Conclusion:

Long-term therapeutic success against cancerous cells is rarely achieved with
monotherapy, and even targeting investigational pathways such as NOTCH may require a combination
regimen. Ultimately, the optimised use of these new therapeutic agents may become the next
tool in our search for an effective ‘individualized medicine’.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Migrant Populations: Should we Look Even Further Back?
Authors: Fiorino Gionata , Estevinho Maria M. , Lopes Diogo J.M. , Chersi Filippo , Allocca Mariangela , Souto Miguel T. , Danese Silvio , Magro Fernando
Published: February 2021

Background:

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise
worldwide. Despite the advances in pharmacotherapy, the etiopathogenesis of Crohn’s disease
(CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remains underexplained. The migratory waves are a challenging
setting to analyze the evolution of IBD prevalence and to infer its triggering factors.

Objective:

Our study aimed to overview the literature regarding IBD prevalence and phenotype in
first- and second-generation migrants Also, we aimed to summarize the migration history and to
draw a possible correlation with IBD distribution.

Methods:

A non-systematic review was performed following electronic (PubMed and Web of Science)
and manual searches on relevant topics.

Results:

Overall, first-generation migrants tend to maintain the IBD risk of the native country. On
the following generation, the risk tends to converge to that of the destination country. Earlier age at
migration modulates IBD risk, suggesting that the degree of exposure to environmental and socio-economic
factors can be decisive for disease progression. In general, CD needs more time to reach a
disease burden similar to that of the host country, indicating that UC may be more affected by nongenetic
factors and genetic-nongenetic interactions.

Conclusion:

IBD phenotypes and natural history vary in migrants and according to ethnicity; however,
the trends are not consensual among cohorts. Further studies are warranted to analyze the effect
of genetic background and environmental risk factors in different ethnic groups, providing evidence
to move towards the identification of at-risk individuals, prevention, and earlier diagnosis of
IBD.
A Review of the Effects of Gold, Silver, Selenium, and Zinc Nanoparticles on Diabetes Mellitus in Murine Models
Authors: Martínez-Esquivias Fernando , Guzmán-Flores Juan Manuel , Pérez-Larios Alejandro , Rico José Luis , Becerra-Ruiz Julieta Saraí
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that presents great challenges for healthcare systems worldwide,
and the identification of alternative therapies for the treatment of this disease is of vital importance.
Metallic nanoparticles (gold, silver, and selenium) and metallic oxide (ZnO) have been studied
in different areas such as medicine, biotechnology, the environment, and the food industry with
promising results. In medicine, current research has revealed these nanoparticles' anti-diabetic properties
thanks to the implementation of animal models. This review will address the existing antecedents
and the effects of gold, silver, selenium, and zinc oxide nanoparticles in diabetes administered alone,
functionalized with other molecules, or combined with drugs that have shown promising therapeutic
effects. The anti-diabetic effects of these nanoparticles are related to the regulation of glucose, insulin,
and lipid profiles. In addition, oxidative stress markers, liver and kidney markers, the reduction of inflammation,
apoptosis of the pancreas, and the restoration of normal liver and kidney histology are
also reported in the literature after using these nanoparticles. However, the therapeutic effects that
these nanoparticles provide are limited due to the lack of specific protocols dictated by international
organizations to evaluate the risks of using these nanoparticles.
Quality Control of Nanoemulsion: by PDCA Cycle and 7QC Tools
Authors: Rai Vineet Kumar , Sharma Amit , Thakur Amisha
Published: February 2021

Despite several quality management tools, none or very few systematic operations are
taken into account to assure the quality of the pharmaceutical products. Plan Do Check Act (PDCA)
analysis is performed based on the problems encountered during product development. In
each step, some of the quality control tools are used for better maintenance of corrective and preventive
actions. However, systematic use of these tools has still not been made. Here we present an
example of nanoemulsion that will help justify the correct or systematic use of all the seven quality
control tools in each section of the PDCA cycle for better execution of Corrective and Preventive
Actions (CAPA). The major limitations associated with the nanoemulsion i.e. non-uniform size distribution,
lower encapsulation efficiency, lower magnitude of zeta potential, non-scalable and expensive
synthesis procedures, are taken into consideration. This review summarizes the productive
use of 7 QC tools in the PDCA cycle to ensure the optimum quality of nanoemulsion in an industry.
Patients Stratification Strategies to Optimize the Effectiveness of Scavenging Biogenic Aldehydes: Towards a Neuroprotective Approach for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Masato Anna , Sandre Michele , Antonini Angelo , Bubacco Luigi
Published: February 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with a multi-factorial
pathology. Various molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of PD, converging to
oxidative stress and proteinopathy. The accumulation of reactive aldehydes (i.e., the dopamine
metabolite DOPAL, lipid-peroxidation products, and advanced glycation end-products) has been reported
in PD patients’ brains. Aldehydes easily react with primary amines such as lysine residues,
which are involved in several regulatory processes in cells. Therefore, aldehyde adducts lead to severe
consequences, including neuronal proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. In
this review, we analyzed the scavenging role of amines toward toxic aldehydes in the brain. Interestingly,
small molecules like metformin, rasagiline, hydralazine are already clinically available
and used in the therapy for PD and other diseases. Hence, we propose to reevaluate this class of
drugs as a disease-modifiers for PD, and we suggest that improved analysis of their pharmacology
and bioavailability in the brain, together with a more precise patients stratification, should be considered
before planning future clinical trials.
Synthesis, In-Silico Potential Enzymatic Target Predictions, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Bis-(2-methylindolyl) Methane Derivatives
Authors: Nagre Dnyaneshwar T. , Mali Suraj N. , Thorat Bapu R. , Thorat Swapnali A. , Chopade Atul R. , Farooqui Mazhar , Agrawal Brijmohan
Published: February 2021

Background:

The bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) scaffold is reported for wide varieties of pharmacological
profiles, including antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anticancer, cytotoxic, insecticidal, analgesic,
antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Materials and Methods:

A series of bis(indolyl)methanes have been synthesized by a greener and newer
approach using the reaction of different substituted aldehydes and indole in the presence of an easily
available and biodegradable base such as piperidine in acetic acid at room temperature and characterized
with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis or UV/Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), etc. The antibacterial and antifungal activities
were also carried out against Staphylococcus aureus (RCMB 000106) and Bacillis subtilis (RCMB
000107), as two Gram-positive bacterial strains, and Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli (RCMB
000103), as two Gram-negative bacterial strains. Fungal species such as Candida Albicans, Penicillium
chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger were also used for in vitro antifungal evaluation. All our newly synthesized
14 compounds (4a-4n) were subjected for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and compared with the
known standard drug aceclofenac.

Results:

Our newly synthesized compounds showed good to moderate antibacterial agents, in silico ADMET,
and anti-inflammatory profiles.

Conclusion:

We hope that our current study would aid future developments of bis(indolyl)methanes as
antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents.
Co-morbidity of Covid-19 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Patient
with Hodgkin's Lymphoma History from North of Iran
Authors: Darvishnia David , Sadeghi Mahdieh , Sharifpour Ali , Zakariaei Zakaria , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Fakhar Mahdi , Tabaripour Rabeeh
Published: February 2021

Immunocompromised patients, especially those hospitalized, are at higher risk for infection with opportunistic pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) which is a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacillus and can cause a challenge in the management of patients with concomitant COVID-19 and S. maltophilia pneumonia. A 71-year-old man with Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with severe respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 and was intubated upon admission and the initial standard treatment for COVID-19 was started for him. The patient subsequently developed superimposed bacterial pneumonia with S. maltophilia. According to that, the patient's intubation tube was removed and a tracheostomy was performed for him. Also, antibiotic treatment was replaced with Colistin and Co-trimoxazole drugs. Finally, after 31 days of hospitalization in the ICU and the aappropriate drug treatment, he was discharged with reduced symptoms and partial recovery. It should be noted that the occurrence of co-infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens such as S. maltophilia requires proper management to select appropriate treatment methods and drugs so that in addition to proper effectiveness, it does not lead to side effects and complications associated with COVID-19 disease.
Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Tootee Ali , Nikbin Behrouz , Ghahary Aziz , Esfahani Ensieh Nasli , Arjmand Babak , Aghayan Hamidreza , Qorbani Mostafa , Larijani Bagher
Published: February 2021

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder which occurs as a result of an intricate series of pathologic interactions between pancreatic β-cells and a wide range of components of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Stem-cell therapy, a recently-emerged potentially therapeutic option for curative treatment of diabetes, is demonstrated to cause significant alternations to both different immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells and non-cellular elements including serum cytokines and different components of the complement system. Although there exists overwhelming evidence indicating that the documented therapeutic effects of stem cells on patients with T1D is primarily due to their potential for immune regulation rather than pancreatic tissue regeneration, to date, the precise underlying mechanisms remain obscure. On the other hand, immune-mediated rejection of stem cells remains one of the main obstacles to regenerative medicine. Moreover, the consequences of efferocytosis of stem-cells by the recipients’ lung-resident macrophages have recently emerged as a responsible mechanism for some immune-mediated therapeutic effects of stem-cells. This review focuses on the nature of the interactions amongst different compartments of the immune systems which are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and provides explanation as to how stem cell-based interventions can influence immune system and maintain the physiologic equilibrium.
TRIM65 in White Matter Lesions, Innate Immunity, and Tumor
Authors: Liu Bingxue , Tang Yunlian , Yang Ping , Wu Chu , Huang Yue
Published: February 2021

Most of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have E3 ubiquitin ligase activities and also have a variety of functions in cellular processes such as intracellular signal transduction, apoptosis, innate immunity and carcinogenesis. TRIM65 is a member of the TRIM family. More and more evidences have shown a unique and importance of TRIM65 protein in the occurrence and development of some diseases. In this review, the importance on TRIM65 in white matter lesions, innate immunity and the effect of tumors was mainly reviewed.
Di'ao Xinxuekang: Therapeutic Potential in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Zhang Shengyu , Li Lingli , Deng Mingying , Wang Yanan , Shen AiZong , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Di'ao Xinxuekang (DAXXK) is a pure Chinese medicine herbal preparation refined from dioscin extracted from the roots of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burk and Diosorea nipponica Makino.

Objective:

To evaluate the application of DAXXK in Cardiovascular disease.

Methods:

: We searched and summarized all the studies on DAXXK and Cardiovascular disease in pumend, Google, and CNKI.

Results:

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that DAXXK has pharmacological effects such as dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and cardiac load, improving hemodynamics, lowering blood lipids and anti-platelet aggregation, and is widely used for the therapy of various kinds of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), angina pectoris (AP) and myocardial infarction. We provide an overview of the clinical efficacy, molecular mechanisms, safety and therapeutic potential of DAXXK in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, aiming to provide clues and evidence for clinical decision-making.

Conclusion:

DAXXK exerts cardiovascular protection by regulating a variety of cardiovascular disease-related signaling pathways.
Mechanical Performance of the Phosphogypsum Baking-free Bricks
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Mao Yajing , Pei Lizhai , Fan Chuangang
Published: February 2021

Background:

A large amount of phosphogypsum occupies the land and causes environmental
pollution. It is of great research significance and urgency to the utilization of the phosphogypsum.

Methods:

The influence of the ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogypsum (C/P ratio)
on the compressive strength, water absorption, softening coefficient and freeze-thaw stability of
the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks was investigated. The consolidation process of the phosphogypsum
baking-free bricks was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM).

Results:

XRD patterns show that the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks curved for 28 d are
mainly composed of monoclinic CaSO4·2H2Oand hexagonal Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O (Aft)
phases. SEM observation shows that the phosphogypsum bricks consist of Aft nanorods and irregular
microscale particles. The softening coefficient, water-resistant performance and freezethaw
stability of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks remarkably decrease with decreasing the
C/P ratio. 28 d compressive strength decreases from 26.42 MPa to 15.58 MPa with the change of
the C/P ratio from 1:1 to 1:2.5. The optimal ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogymsum
is 1:1. The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit good stability after 18 freeze-thaw cycles.

Conclusion:

Phosphogypsum baking-free bricks were prepared by natural curing process using
phosphogypsum as the raw materials, cement, slag, fly ash and silica fume as the cementing materials.
The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit great application in the field of building materials.
Smoothing the Curvature of Trajectory of Ground Robot in 3D Space
Authors: Zakharov K. S. , Saveliev A. I.
Published: February 2021

Purpose or research.Development of an algorithm for smoothing the trajectory of a ground robot over rough terrain,represented as a graph in three-dimensional space.Methods.This article presents the CSA (Curve Smoothing and Averaging) algorithm for smoothing local curves inthe Oxy plane that make up a global curve, represented as a path on a connected graph in 3D space. The presentedalgorithm is based on the previously developed LRLHD-A * approach, which uses information about the vertices ofthe graph, their neighbors and the edges connecting them to select the area through which the smoothed curve willrun. In order to avoid a broken curve at the output of the algorithm, a curve averaging method was developed, theidea of which is to shift the midpoints of local curves along the edges on which they are located.Results.An experimental comparison was made of the curvature of the trajectories obtained using the curvesmoothing algorithm with curve averaging (CSA) and without it (CS). The method was carried out on a threedimensional map of the area, presented in the form of a graph with 100082 vertices. For the experiments, a sampleof 10 pairs of random vertices was used, between which a path was built using the LRLHD-A * algorithm. The resultsof the experiments have shown that averaging the curve after smoothing reduces its curvature from 24 to 42%.Conclusion.Trajectories smoothed using the developed CSA algorithm have smoother curve bends at turns,compared to the algorithm taken as a basis. This allows the robots to move more smoothly and, as a consequence,reduce the consumption of the robot's battery.