bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Dietary Composition in an Invasive Apple Snail From Different Habitats Combining With Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomics
Authors: Wang Yue , He Xinni , Qian Zijin , Li Shuxian , Jing Muzi , Li Xuexia , Shen Wenjia , Xue Shaoshuai , Li Hong , Chen Lian
Published: January 2025

Pomacea canaliculata is recognized as a globally invasive aquatic species. Analyses of intestinal microbiota, dietary composition, and metabolism of invasive species can enhance our understanding of their feeding strategies and physiological adaptation strategies to the environment. Intestinal content samples were collected from P. canaliculata inhabiting three distinct environments including a pond, a river, and a ditch. These samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and multiple metabarcoding analyses, including eukaryotic 18S rRNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), and chloroplast rbcL genes. In addition, metabolomics analysis was conducted on the intestinal content samples to investigate metabolic change. The highest dietary diversity in P. canaliculata was observed in the ditch, and females exhibited a higher dietary diversity than males in the pond. The 18S rRNA gene has a high potential for identifying the dietary components of omnivorous species. The intestinal microbiota of P. canaliculata from different habitats displayed significant variations, attributed to differences in food resources and other environmental factors. Bacteria in the aquatic environment had minimal impact on the intestinal microbiota of P. canaliculata. Overall, P. canaliculata exhibited adaptive changes in physiological characteristics across different habitats, including alterations in diet, which, in turn, influence microbiota and metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis in the intestine. The present study investigated the physiological mechanisms that enable P. canaliculata to adapt to diverse habitats, considering various factors including diet, which is important for comprehending its invasive potential and the subsequent threats it poses to aquatic ecosystems.
Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice
Authors: Vasquez Robie , Song Ji Hoon , Mendoza Remilyn M. , Hwang In‐Chan , Bagon Bernadette B. , Engstrand Lars , Valeriano Valerie Diane , Kang Dae‐Kyung
Published: January 2025

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a fatal disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). To date, several vaccines have been developed to combat the spread of this virus. Mucosal vaccines using food‐grade bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp., are promising strategies for developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. In this study, we designed a non‐GMO surface‐displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1 epitope on Limosilactobacillus fermentum‐derived bacteria‐like particles (BLPs). After that, we evaluated its efficacy to induce immune responses in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, we examined the influence of oral immunisation on the gut microbiome and microbiota metabolites. Twenty‐eight 6‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were orally immunised with the following: PBS (control), Lm. fermentum‐derived BLPs only, BLPs displaying SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1‐2, or BLPs displaying SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1‐3 epitopes. Our results showed that mucosal immunisation of mice with surface‐displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 spike epitopes provoked high‐level secretory IgA and systemic IgG production. Moreover, the immunisation exhibited a Th1‐like immune response, characterised by an elevated IgG2a‐to‐IgG1 ratio and high antiviral IFN‐γ production. In addition, we observed gut microbiome modulation and increased butyrate production in immunised mice. Overall, the use of Lm. fermentum‐derived BLPs and the anchor CshA to display SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1epitopes is a promising novel strategy in developing a cost‐effective, non‐GMO mucosal vaccine alternative against SARS‐CoV‐2.
FOGS: A SNPSTR Marker Database to Combat Wildlife Trafficking and a Cell Culture Bank for Ex‐Situ Conservation
Authors: Mozer Annika , Di‐Nizo Camilla Bruno , Consul Albia , Huettel Bruno , Jäger Richard , Akintayo Ayodélé , Erhardt Christoph , Fenner Lena , Fischer Dominik , Forat Sophia , Gimnich France , Grobe Peter , Martin Sebastian , Nathan Vikram , Saeed Ammar , von der Mark Laura , Woehle Christian , Olek Klaus , Misof Bernhard , Astrin Jonas J.
Published: January 2025

Illegal wildlife trade is a growing problem internationally. Poaching of animals not only leads to the extinction of populations and species but also has serious consequences for ecosystems and economies. This study introduces a molecular marker system that authorities can use to detect and substantiate wildlife trafficking. SNPSTR markers combine short tandem repeats with single nucleotide polymorphisms within an amplicon to increase discriminatory power. Within the FOGS (Forensic Genetics for Species Protection) project, we have established SNPSTR marker sets for 74 vertebrate species. On average, each set consists of 19 SNPSTR markers with 82 SNPs per set. More than 1300 SNPSTR markers and over 300 STR markers were identified. Also, through its biobanking pipeline, the FOGS project enabled the cryopreservation of somatic cells from 91 vertebrate species as well as viable tissues for later cell initiation from a further 109 species, providing future strategies for ex situ conservation. In addition, many more fixed tissues and DNA samples of endangered species were biobanked. Therefore, FOGS was an interdisciplinary study, combining molecular wildlife forensics and conservation tools. The SNPSTR sets and cell culture information are accessible through the FOGS database (https://fogs‐portal.de/data) that is open to scientists, researchers, breeders and authorities worldwide to protect wildlife from illegal trade.
Sampling mass mortality events to enable diagnoses: A protocol using freshwater mussels
Authors: Cossey Daniel A. , Dennis Michelle M. , Richard Jordan , Della Torre Camilla , McElwain Andrew , Waller Diane L. , Knowles Susan , Brian Joshua I. , Leis Eric , Burioli Erika A. V. , Aldridge David C.
Published: January 2025

Many taxa around the globe are threatened by often unexplained mass mortality events (MMEs), which can decimate populations and compromise key ecosystem functions. One example of a highly threatened taxon facing frequent MMEs is freshwater mussels (Unionida).

There has been a recent increase in interest in understanding the causes of freshwater mussel MMEs, but standardised methodologies for how best to respond to them to facilitate diagnoses are unavailable. When an MME is observed, swift and appropriate sample collection is imperative owing to the transient nature of these phenomena.

Here we provide structured guidance that will facilitate rapid and appropriate sampling of MMEs, using freshwater mussels as an example. We set out standardised procedures for sample collection, preparation and preservation.

The procedures we outline will improve our capacity for diagnostic investigations of MMEs and other mortality events, not only in freshwater mussels but also across many other taxa. This, in turn, can inform appropriate management responses.
Third Genetically Modified Kidney Xenotransplantation in Living Human Recipient
Authors: Beyer Maria C.
Published: January 2025

A genetically modified pig kidney has been transplanted for the third time in history into a living human recipient. Due to this patient's relative good health, her transplant could give the medical community insight into the clinical course of xenograft kidney transplants.
First‐year burden of disease for babies admitted to special care nurseries: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Varnika , Cron Hayley T. , Di Sipio Marcus , Liu Sue , McBain Katie , Mckenna Kieran , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Wang Jing
Published: January 2025

Aim

This systematic review aimed to report on health outcomes of newborn babies admitted to special care nurseries up to age 1 year, and where possible, compare their outcomes with those of healthy term babies.

Methods

Systematic searches through Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies reporting outcomes up to age 1 year for special care nursery babies and moderate‐late preterm babies, restricting to studies published after 2000. We dual‐screened studies and extracted study characteristics, prevalences and risk of health outcomes. We conducted meta‐analysis to combine prevalence and risk estimates of each outcome.

Results

Among 22 585 eligible studies, 21 relevant studies were identified. Jaundice, hypothermia, hypoglycaemia and respiratory disease were prevalent in special care nursery babies, with pooled prevalence from 19% to 32%. Compared with healthy term babies, the special care nursery group had higher risk of all reported outcomes with pooled risk ratios from 1.93 to 14.85. There were limited studies reporting outcomes after discharge.

Conclusion

Babies admitted to special care nurseries face a higher burden of disease compared with non‐admitted term babies, but there is currently limited literature describing their post‐discharge outcomes.
On fostering employee participation in voluntary corporate‐sponsored wellness programs
Authors: Sava M. Gabriela , Bichescu Bogdan C. , Scott Kristin , Krivacek Sara
Published: January 2025

As organizations are increasingly turning to voluntary wellness programs to improve employee well‐being, the majority of studies in literature have focused on corporate‐level benefits of wellness programs, such as productivity. However, there is a scarcity of studies that examine the intrinsic motivators that influence employee participation in such programs. In this study, we use a unique secondary dataset from a voluntary corporate wellness program and propose a novel theoretical framework based on motivational and behavioral theories to examine and understand the participants' behavior. Our findings show that frequent participants are overall healthier and have a stronger intrinsic motivation to commit to a wellness program, as they are better in allocating their limited time resources between various wellness activities. In contrast, one‐time participants prove to be less health‐conscious and interested in investing time and energy in a wellness program. This study makes several contributions to theory and practice by identifying the individual characteristics and intrinsic motivational factors that compel participants to engage in frequent participation in wellness programs. We also offer recommendations to program administrators on how to personalize ongoing wellness programs to bolster employees' participation and promote more health‐conscious behaviors.
Current Burden of Lean Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among US Adults, 2017–2023
Authors: Kim Donghee , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Cholankeril George , Loomba Rohit , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: January 2025

Our study investigated the prevalence of lean steatotic liver disease (SLD) and its subcategories, including metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction‐related and alcohol‐related SLD (MetALD), and alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) among lean adults in the US. Analysing data from 2965 lean adults (≥ 18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017–2023), we found the age‐adjusted prevalence of lean SLD to be 12.8%. Specifically, the prevalence was 9.3% for lean MASLD, 1.3% for MetALD and 1.0% for ALD. Notably, within the MASLD group, significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis were observed in 5.6%, 2.4% and 2.0%, respectively.
Moderating effect of attachment to parents on the association between bullying and self‐esteem among early adolescents aged 10 to 12
Authors: Miljkovitch Raphaële , de Terrasson Delphine , Awad Sarah , Sirparanta Aino E. , Mallet Pascal
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to examine whether attachment to each parent moderates the relationship between bullying victimisation and self‐esteem. The sample consisted of 250 junior high school students (114 males, 136 females; mean age: 11.3 years). The administered scales were the Bully/Victim Questionnaire Revised, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment for Children and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale. Results showed that early adolescents subjected to bullying had lower self‐esteem than non‐bullied peers. For girls, attachment to mother also accounted for self‐esteem over and above the effect of bullying. For boys, attachment with the father appeared as a pure moderator of the effect of bullying as the association with self‐esteem was non‐significant when attachment scores were high. The findings suggest that attachment to same sex parents may foster better self‐esteem in the face of bullying. Parents' participation in preventive measures could be encouraged.
Leading by example: Experimental evidence that therapist lived experience disclosures can model the path to recovery for clients
Authors: Robertson Alysia M. , Cruwys Tegan , Stevens Mark , Platow Michael J.
Published: January 2025

A common guideline for self‐disclosure is that therapists should only share recovered personal experiences with clients (i.e., no longer distressing). However, theoretical rationale and empirical support for this claim is limited. Drawing on identity leadership theorizing, we investigated whether recovery disclosures are beneficial to the extent that they signal a therapist's aspirational prototypicality (i.e., embodiment of an aspirational identity for clients). Across two experimental studies (N = 545), we recruited clients, therapists and general population adults. Participants read a group therapy for depression vignette in which the therapist disclosed: nothing, professional experience with depression, current depression, recovered depression or recovered anxiety. Participants rated the prototypicality of the therapist, the extent to which they perceived the therapist positively, the therapist's expertness and the expected prognosis for therapy. Contrary to our hypotheses, the type of disclosure did not significantly affect positive perceptions, expertness or expected prognosis ratings. However, the therapist disclosing a recovered and relevant condition (recovered depression) was rated as significantly more aspirationally prototypical than the other therapists. Given prior evidence that group therapists are more effective when viewed as aspirationally prototypical, our findings suggest that recovery disclosures may represent one way therapists can signal their prototypicality and enhance their effectiveness.
‘They attacked you just like that’: Negotiating racial epistemics in making claims about racism
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul
Published: January 2025

Social psychological research on race and racism has shown that claims about racism are not always accepted or received as valid reports. In this paper, I offer racial epistemics as one mechanism by which race‐talk takes place. I examine how ascribing category‐bound entitlements to experiential or other knowledge about racism is variously realised and complicated in the production of claims about racism. Through examining news media accounts where Black persons were invited to talk about their experiences of racism in India, I show that despite ascribing a privileged epistemic position to Black persons, recipients (interviewers and other panellists) could make salient epistemic entitlements to commonsense, specialised, or other forms of (racial) knowledge in collaboratively establishing, confirming or correcting, and challenging claims about racism in India. The findings are discussed in relation to the broader understanding of racism in social psychology. The data are in Indian English.
Gemcitabine and docetaxel for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: EuroGemDoce group results
Authors: Scilipoti Pietro , Longoni Mattia , de Angelis Mario , Zaurito Paolo , Massiet Albane , Dutto Daniele , Soria Francesco , Álvarez‐Maestro Mario , Bazán Alfredo Aguilera , Pradere Benjamin , Klatte Tobias , Contieri Roberto , Hurle Rodolfo , Krajewski Wojciech , Subiela José Daniel , Pichler Renate , Szostek Aleksandra , Marcq Gautier , Elena José Luis Rodríguez , Aranda Javier , Gontero Paolo , Rouprêt Morgan , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Necchi Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Xylinas Evanguelos , Moschini Marco ,   The EuroGemDoce Study Group Collaborators,   European Association of Urology ‐ Young Academic Urologists (EAU‐YAU),   Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the oncological efficacy and safety of sequential intravesical gemcitabine/docetaxel (Gem/Doce) therapy in a European cohort of patients with high‐risk and very‐high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after previous Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) treatment.

Materials and Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from 95 patients with NMIBC, treated with Gem/Doce at 12 European centres between 2021 and 2024. Patients previously treated with BCG who had completed a full induction course and received at least one follow‐up evaluation were included. One‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), high‐grade DFS and progression‐free survival (PFS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded through medical interviews.

Results

Of 75 patients, 63 (84%) were classified as having high‐risk and 12 (16%) as having very‐high‐risk NMIBC. Over a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 9 (5–14) months, 20 patients (27%) relapsed and five (6.7%) underwent radical cystectomy. The 1‐year DFS was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 62–86%), 1‐year high‐grade DFS was 79% (95% CI 68–91%) and 1‐year PFS was 95% (95% CI 90–100%). AEs occurred in 34 patients (45%), with six (8.7%) experiencing severe AEs. Limitations of the study include the short follow‐up and variability in both treatment dwelling times and dosage across centres.

Conclusion

The intravesical Gem/Doce regimen demonstrated promising short‐term oncological outcomes and was well tolerated in this cohort of patients with high‐ and very‐high‐risk NMIBC previously treated with BCG. Prospective studies and randomised trials are awaited to define the ideal candidates for Gem/Doce therapy and to standardise treatment protocols.
Identification of clinicopathological‐specific driver gene and genetic subtyping of colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Jianjiong , Wang Chunnian , Yang Changshun , Bao Hua , Li Ningyou , Huang Xianqiang , Gong Wei , Hong Xinyue , Yin Jiani C. , Pang Jiaohui , Gan Meifu , Yuan Danping
Published: January 2025

This study analyzed targeted sequencing data from 6530 tissue samples from patients with metastatic Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) to identify low mutation frequency and subgroup‐specific driver genes, using three algorithms for overall CRC as well as across different clinicopathological subgroups. We analyzed 425 cancer‐related genes, identifying 101 potential driver genes, including 36 novel to CRC. Notably, some genes demonstrated subgroup specificity; for instance, ERBB4 was found as a male‐specific driver gene and mutations of ERBB4 only influenced the prognosis of male patients with CRC. This sex disparity of ERBB4 was validated in an independent large‐scale Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center CRC cohort with 2444 samples. Furthermore, using network‐based stratification based on protein–protein interaction, we classified the microsatellite stable (MSS) and unstable (MSI) CRCs into six and three major subtypes, respectively, each showing unique phenotypes and prognoses. In MSS CRC, cluster 5 (APCAMER1–KRAS) and cluster 2 (RNF43–BRAF–PIK3CA) were predominant, and cluster 5 showed a superior overall survival compared with cluster 2. This extensive heterogeneity in driver gene mutations underscores the complexity of CRC and suggests significant implications for treatment and prognostic assessments.
Morbid obesity among Crohn's disease patients is on the rise and is associated with a higher rate of surgical complications after ileocolic resection
Authors: Rudnicki Yaron , Calini Giacomo , Abdalla Solafah , Colibaseanu Dorin , Larson David W. , Mathis Kellie L.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Crohn's disease (CD) is regarded as a wasting disease, yet there is a growing population of CD patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 and above. The rate of postoperative complications is relatively high in CD patients but might be even higher in CD with morbid obesity (MO).

Methods

This was a retrospective study using a prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing Ileocolic resection for CD between 2014 and 2021 in two referral centres, comparing postoperative complication rates according to BMI.

Results

Three hundred and forty‐six patients were identified. Sixty patients (17%) had a BMI over 30 kg/m2, and 28 (8.1%) had a BMI of over 35 kg/m2 (>35 group). The BMI >35 group had more women (78.6% vs. 52%, P < 0.1), a higher rate of patients not receiving an anastomosis (7.1% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.02), a higher rate of any postoperative surgical complication (32.1% vs. 25.2%, P = 0.4), with a higher rate of Clavien–Dindo ≥3 (14.3% vs. 7.2%, P = 0.25), a higher rate of stoma creation on reoperation for complications (7.2% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.04), a higher rate of 30‐day readmission due to intra‐abdominal abscess (10.7% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.2), but a lower rate of postoperative medical complications (3.6% vs. 15.7%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The rate of MO among CD patients requiring ileocolonic resection is on the rise. MO in this setting is associated with statistically non‐significant increases in all surgical complications, severe complications, readmission, and a higher chance for a bailout stoma creation upon reoperation. However, MO seems to be a protective factor for medical postoperative complications, which might suggest better nutritional status.
Protocol for a 1‐year randomised, controlled, parallel group, open‐label trial on the effects and feasibility of time‐restricted eating in individuals with type 2 diabetes‐ The REStricted Eating Time in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (RESET2) trial
Authors: Termannsen Anne‐Ditte , Varming Annemarie , Bjerre Natasja , Wodschow Helena Z. , Hansen Gitte S. , Jensen Nicole J. , Persson Frederik , Bagger Jonatan I. , Panda Satchidananda , Finlayson Graham , Ewers Bettina , Hansen Dorte L. , Nørgaard Kirsten , Rungby Jørgen , Grunnet Louise G. , Blond Martin B. , Hempler Nana F. , Færch Kristine , Quist Jonas S.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Time‐restricted eating (TRE) limits the time for food intake to typically 6–10 h/day without other dietary restrictions. The aim of the RESET2 (the REStricted Eating Time in the treatment of type 2 diabetes) trial is to investigate the effects on glycaemic control (HbA1c) and the feasibility of a 1‐year TRE intervention in individuals with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present paper is to describe the protocol for the RESET2 trial.

Methods

RESET2 is a randomised, controlled, parallel‐group, open‐label trial. One hundred and sixty individuals with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c >53 mmol/mol (>7.0%)), and Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2 will be randomised to standard care plus TRE, or to standard care and habitual living. Both the intervention and control group will follow standard diabetes care including regular clinical visits 3–4 times/year. The intervention is divided into two periods: (1) a 3‐month TRE period with a fixed eating window with a self‐selected timing to obtain data from the participants' experiences with TRE and (2) a 9‐month individually adjusted TRE period. Participants in the TRE group will be instructed to reduce their eating window by a minimum of 3 h/day compared to the habitual eating window and with an eating window of 8–10 h/day. Test days will be scheduled at baseline, after 3 months and after 1 year. The primary outcome is HbA1c (evaluated 3 months and 1 year after randomisation) and secondary outcomes are body weight, fat mass, continuous glucose monitoring derived time‐in‐range and use of antidiabetic medicine (evaluated 1 year after randomisation). Additionally, we will conduct a process evaluation to assess whether the TRE intervention functioned as hypothesised.
Evaluating the impact of severe hypoglycaemia definition wording on severe hypoglycaemia history assessment
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Ye Wen , Hepworth Emily , Ang Lynn , Amiel Stephanie A. , Fisher Simon J.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Several wordings of the definition of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) exist. This study aims to evaluate how different SH definition wordings affect SH history assessment.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, surveys were emailed to registrants of the T1D Exchange, a U.S. national type 1 diabetes patient registry. Participants' demographic information was collected. Six‐month SH history was evaluated with questionnaires including SH definition wordings from either (1) professional societies, (2) a diabetes community website, or (3) a hypoglycaemia research questionnaire. Analyses included the McNemar test, pairwise Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, logistic regression analysis, Kappa statistics, and Spearman correlation.

Results

A total of 1580 valid responses were obtained from participants (52% female; mean ± SD age: 46 ± 15 years; 95% White; mean ± SD diabetes duration: 25 ± 16 years). Questionnaires with four different SH definition wordings yielded significant variations in the prevalence of SH (i.e., having developed at least one episode of SH) and the number of SH episodes: the ADA/ENDO 2013 definition wording yielded the highest results on both metrics, whereas HypoA‐Q and ADA 2023 yielded the lowest. Among participants reporting at least one SH episode, the number of episodes identified with the different SH definition wordings was poorly correlated (Rs: 0.09–0.37; p < 0.001). Race, education level, and household income were associated with higher odds of discrepancies in SH history (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This U.S. national survey with individuals living with type 1 diabetes demonstrated significant discrepancies in SH history when assessed with different SH definition wordings. Race and socioeconomic status were associated with these discrepancies.
Influence of Conservative or Invasive Treatments on the Occurrence of Sequelae in Permanent Successors After Injuries in the Support Tissues of Incisors Deciduous Teeth: A Cohort Study
Authors: Fagundes Fabio Anevan Ubiski , da Silva Clemente Gabriella Oliveira , Jural Lucas Alves , da Costa Mariana Pires , Marinho Maria Clara Frias Lobo , Maia Lucianne Cople , Fonseca‐Gonçalves Andréa
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the influence of conservative or invasive treatments on the appearance of sequelae in permanent successor teeth (SPT) after injuries in the support tissues of anterior deciduous teeth (ISTDT).

Methods

This cohort study accompanied 52 children with ISTDT up to the complete eruption of the permanent successor to investigate the presence or not of SPT. Trauma was clinically evaluated according to the International Association for Dental Traumatology. Sex, age at the time of trauma (ATT), type and severity of trauma, sequelae in anterior deciduous teeth (SDT), treatment type (conservative—without exodontia/ invasive—with exodontia), seeking care (immediate/late), and the caregiver's education level (CEL) were collected. Regression models were performed (p = 0.05).

Results

Of the children (ATT = 3.6 ± 1.5 years), boys (52/57.1%) were the majority. The teeth (n = 91) injuries were lateral luxation (26/28.6%), intrusion (22/24.1%), concussion (20/22.0%), subluxation (19/20.9%), and extrusion (4/4.4%), that affected only incisors. Most teeth (63/69.2%) received late care, presented SDT (62/68.1%) and were treated conservatively (73/80.2%). There was no association of sex (p = 0.611), SDT (p = 0.705) and seeking care (p = 0.800) with SPT. The treatment type did not influence the SPT occurrence (p = 0.923), independent of the ATT, trauma severity and the educational level of the caregiver. The lower the ATT (p = 0.026) and the more severe the trauma (p = 0.009), the higher the number of SPT.

Conclusion

The treatment type of anterior deciduous teeth, mainly considering incisors, did not influence the appearance of SPT, which leads us to always choose the most conservative treatment, independent of the child's age, the injury severity, and the caregiver's educational level.
Psychomotor Skills of Domestic and Internationally Trained Dental Students in Pre‐Clinical Dental Education
Authors: Rainu Mandeep Kaur , Linke Bernard , Heo Giseon , Kebbe Maryam , Berlin‐Broner Yuli , Amin Maryam , Garcia Arnaldo Perez
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Evidence on the pre‐clinical and clinical performance of internationally trained dental students compared with domestic students and competency standards is limited. The aim of this study was to compare, relatively and normatively, the psychomotor skills of domestic and internationally trained dental students who participated in the same pre‐clinical, 9‐week, fixed prosthodontics course.

Materials and Methods

Course grades were collected for a total of 224 domestic and 66 internationally trained dental students between 2014 and 2020. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests and chi‐square tests were used to describe and compare the two groups.

Results

At the start of the course, slightly developed or underdeveloped psychomotor skills were observed in 47.8% of domestic students and 34.8% of internationally trained dental students; however, at the end of the course, 78.1% of domestic students and 69.7% of internationally trained dental students had developed or very developed psychomotor skills. Internationally trained dental students had significantly higher psychomotor skills at the start (p = 0.009), but not at the end (p = 0.285) of the course compared to their domestic counterparts. The improvement in psychomotor skills observed in domestic students was significantly greater than that of internationally trained dental students (p = 0.003). At the start of the course, 85.7% of domestic students and 75.5% of internationally trained dental students exhibited training needs. Training needs decreased at the end of the course in both groups but remained sizable.

Conclusions

While internationally trained dental students outperformed domestic students at baseline, no significant differences were observed between the two groups by the end of the course. Both groups exhibited training needs at both time points, underscoring the necessity for continued scaffolded support.
Longitudinal analysis of anthropometric measures over 5 years in patients with Friedreich ataxia in the EFACTS natural history study
Authors: Lischewski Stella Andrea , Konrad Kerstin , Dogan Imis , Didszun Claire , Costa Ana Sofia , Schawohl Sara Annabelle , Giunti Paola , Parkinson Michael H. , Mariotti Caterina , Nanetti Lorenzo , Durr Alexandra , Ewenczyk Claire , Boesch Sylvia , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Klopstock Thomas , Stendel Claudia , de Rivera Garrido Francisco Javier Rodríguez , Schöls Ludger , Fleszar Zofia , Klockgether Thomas , Grobe‐Einsler Marcus , Giordano Ilaria , Rai Myriam , Pandolfo Massimo , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin ,   the EFACTS study group
Published: January 2025

Background

Friedreich ataxia is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by frataxin deficiency. Both underweight and overweight occur in mitochondrial disorders, each with adverse health outcomes. We investigated the longitudinal evolution of anthropometric abnormalities in Friedreich ataxia and the hypothesis that both weight loss and weight gain are associated with faster disease progression.

Methods

Participants were drawn from the European Friedreich's Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS). Age‐ and sex‐specific BMI and height scores were calculated using the KIGGS‐BMI percentiles for children. Height correction was applied for scoliosis. Longitudinal data were analysed using linear mixed effects models and incremental standard deviation scores and growth mixture models identified subclasses with varying BMI trajectories.

Results

Five hundred and forty‐three adults and fifty‐nine children were assessed for up to 5 years. In children, severe underweight (26%), underweight (7%), severe short stature (16%) and short stature (23%) were common. The corrected BMI percentile was stable in children, although 48% had negative incremental BMI scores over 1 year and 63% over 3 years versus 10%/year in a normal reference cohort. Overweight was common in adults (19%), with a slight increase in BMI over time. Longer GAA repeat size was linked to lower BMI in adults. Weight trajectory was not associated with ataxia progression in adults.

Conclusion

Significant anthropometric abnormalities were identified, with underweight and short stature prevalent in children and overweight in adults. These findings highlight the need for regular nutritional monitoring and interventions to manage underweight in children and promote healthy weight in adults.
Progressive central cardiorespiratory rate downregulation and intensifying epilepsy lead to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in mouse model of the most common human ATP1A3 mutation
Authors: Hunanyan Arsen S. , Verma Amitesh , Bidzimou Minu‐Tshyeto , Biswas Debolina D. , Da Cruz Emily , Srour Meredith K. , Marek Joshua , Hume Cordelia , Elmallah Mai K. , Landstrom Andrew P. , Mikati Mohamad A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study was undertaken to test the following hypotheses in the Atp1a3Mashl/+ mouse (which carries the most common human ATP1A3 (the major subunit of the neuronal Na+/K+–adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase]) mutation, D801N): sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) occurs during seizures and is due to terminal apneas in some and due to lethal cardiac arrhythmias in others; and Atp1a3Mashl/+ mice have central cardiorespiratory dysregulation and abnormal respiratory drive.

Methods

Comparison was made of littermate wild‐type and Atp1a3Mashl/+ groups using (1) simultaneous in vivo video‐telemetry recordings of electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and breathing; (2) whole‐body plethysmography; and (3) hypoglossal nerve recordings.

Results

In Atp1a3Mashl/+ mice, (1) SUDEP consistently occurred during seizures that were more severe than preterminal seizures; (2) seizure clustering occurred in periods preceding SUDEP; (3) slowing of breathing rate (BR) and heart rate was observed preictally before preterminal and terminal seizures; and (4) the sequence during terminal seizures was as follows: bradypnea with bradycardia/cardiac arrhythmias, then terminal apnea, followed by terminal cardiac arrhythmias. Compared to wild‐type, mutants showed (1) abnormal resting BR variability but no difference in cardiac PR, QRS, QTc, or RR intervals; (2) abnormal hypoglossal nerve firing in response to hypoxia; and (3) abnormal whole‐body plethysmography, consisting of baseline predisposition to apnea and abnormal responses to respiratory challenge.

Significance

Atp1a3Mashl/+, an alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) model, is also a revealing SUDEP model of Na+/K+‐ATPase mutation resulting in abnormal central respiratory drive and in progressive cardiorespiratory dysregulation concurrent with worsening epilepsy. SUDEP results from seizure‐triggered bradypnea/bradycardia followed by terminal apnea, then terminal cardiac arrhythmias. Because many epilepsy/SUDEP models of other etiologies manifest secondary ATPase deficiency, future studies in those models may benefit from considering possible contributions of ATPase dysfunction to SUDEP in those models too.
Efficacy of neuromodulation of the pulvinar nucleus for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Chandran Arjun Suresh , Joshi Stuti , Suresh Surya , Savarraj Jude , Snyder Kathryn , Vasconcellos Fernando De Nigris , Vakilna Yash S. , Modiano Yosefa A. , Pati Sandipan , Tandon Nitin
Published: January 2025

Objective

The pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus has extensive cortical connections with the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the pulvinar nucleus, therefore, carries the potential for therapeutic benefit in patients with drug‐resistant posterior quadrant epilepsy (PQE) and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we present a single‐center experience of patients managed via bilateral DBS of the pulvinar nucleus.

Methods

A single‐institution retrospective review of five patients who underwent bilateral pulvinar DBS for drug‐resistant TLE or PQE was performed. Stimulation parameters were adjusted monthly as needed, and side effects were monitored. The primary outcome was the percentage reduction in patient‐reported seizure frequency in comparison to the preimplant baseline. The location of the active electrode contacts in relation to pulvinar thalami that produced the best seizure outcome was identified. Chronic sensing of the pulvinar local field potentials (LFPs) and circadian pattern of modulation of the LFP amplitudes were analyzed.

Results

Four patients (80%) experienced a >70% reduction in seizure frequency, whereas one patient had >50% reduction in seizure. Mean seizure reduction was 79% at a median follow‐up of 13 months (range = 9–21 months). No significant side effects were noted. Of all the pulvinar subnuclei, stimulation of the medial pulvinar nucleus (MPN) produced the best seizure outcome in all patients except for two, in whom active contacts in the MPN but also in more lateral and inferior locations resulted in the most significant reduction in seizures. Chronic timeline data identified changes in LFP amplitude associated with stimulation and seizure occurrences.

Significance

In this first ever report on a series of patients undergoing bilateral pulvinar DBS for drug‐resistant epilepsy, we demonstrate that stimulation of the pulvinar and in particular the MPN is a safe and viable option for patients with nonlesional PQE or TLE. The optimal target for stimulation and relative merits of open versus closed loop stimulation should be delineated in future studies.
Partnership trajectories toward childlessness in China
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Mu Zheng
Published: January 2025

Objective

Drawing on the life course perspective, this study examined partnership trajectories of childless individuals to understand the drivers and processes of becoming childless in China.

Background

Despite the rise in childlessness in China, little is known about the within‐group heterogeneity in partnership trajectories leading to childlessness and their sociodemographic correlates.

Method

The study employed sequence analysis and multinomial and ordinary least squares regressions using a sample of 778 childless men and women aged 40 and above from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018.

Results

Five clusters of partnership trajectories were identified: never partnered (51.8%), early marriage (24.8%), late marriage (9.4%), on‐time marriage (9.3%), and unpartnered via divorce or widowhood (4.9%). Men with low socioeconomic status were most likely to become childless through never being married, and their privileged counterparts were mostly through on‐time or late marriage. The early‐marriage and unpartnered clusters mostly consisted of women, and among women, those with an urban hukou or low education were more likely to be divorced. The overall heterogeneity in partnership trajectories to childlessness declined, and most complexity observed was limited to the unpartnered cluster.

Conclusion

Partnership trajectories to childlessness in China are heterogenous and stratified but increasingly homogenous.

Implications

Due to the persistent connections between marriage and childbearing, Chinese individuals become childless through more standardized life course trajectories than before.
Long‐Term Mobility of a Harvested, Rocky‐Reef Gastropod
Authors: Seinor Kate , Purcell Steven W. , Malcolm Hamish A. , Creese Robert G. , Smith Stephen D. A.
Published: January 2025

Stocks of Turbo militaris (Turbinidae) are under increasing harvesting pressure, but management is currently hampered by data deficiency. Management decisions for rocky‐reef gastropod fisheries should consider long‐term species mobility, yet this is often poorly understood. Therefore, mark‐recapture was used to evaluate annual displacement and upshore‐to‐downshore movement of T. militaris in Eastern Australia. Tags were glued onto 676 snails, their positions georeferenced and recapture surveys were conducted after 6 and 12 months. Overall, 25% of tagged snails were recaptured. Snails moved an average of 20–21 m year−1 at subtropical sites and 34–44 m year−1 at temperate sites. Movement was non‐directional, limited in upshore‐to‐downshore mixing and unrelated to animal size. T. militaris is neither sedentary nor site‐attached, and small and large snails move similarly. Our findings suggest a limited capacity for adults to repopulate other tidal zones, thus recreational harvesting could impact intertidal snails.
Risk factors associated with 30‐day mortality following COVID‐19 infection in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy in Australian and New Zealand
Authors: Kolovos Peter , Davies Christopher E. , Kholmurodova Feruza , Irish Georgina , Kulkarni Hemant , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Dendle Claire , Pilmore Andrew , Potter Daniela , Roberts Matthew , Thomas Subi , Kotwal Sradha , Menahem Solomon
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted greatest among patients with pre‐existing chronic health conditions, including chronic kidney disease. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the 30‐day mortality of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) after infection with COVID‐19, living in Australia and New Zealand between 2020 and 2022, including patients on haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and renal transplant (KT) recipients.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA). Patients were included if they tested positive for COVID‐19 infection while receiving KRT between the first reported infection in January 2020 and the end of November 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between KRT modality and 30‐day mortality following COVID‐19 infection, with all potential confounders included.

Results

A total of 9828 patients requiring KRT tested positive for COVID‐19 within Australia and New Zealand between 2020 and 2022. The crude mortality rate by KRT modality was 3.0% for HD, 3.8% for PD and 2.4% for KT. In the adjusted model, there was a significant increase in the odds of mortality for increasing age, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, having ever smoked and having received dialysis for ≥5 years. Relative to HD, KT recipients had increased odds of death in 2021 and 2022 but not 2020.

Conclusions

The 30‐day mortality rate following COVID‐19 infection in patients requiring KRT was significantly higher than the general population, with several risk factors identified associated with increased mortality rates.
Developing Empathy and Motivation Through an Arts‐Based Project: A Mixed‐Methods Study on Addressing Gaps in Nursing Education for Suicide
Authors: Jefferies Diana , You Wenpeng , Lane Aileen Pamonag , Ramjan Lucie , Glew Paul , Mcnally Stephen
Published: January 2025

The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that 700 000 people die every year by suicide. An Arts Health education program was co‐designed for pre‐registration nursing students to conduct a risk assessment for self‐harm and suicide with empathy and compassion. Nursing researchers collaborated with clinicians, a theatre professional and filmmakers to develop an engaging, authentic and evidence‐based short film to be embedded in a nursing program. The education program was evaluated by second‐year pre‐registration students in a multiple‐methods study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently. Quantitative data were collected using surveys and revealed that the debriefing session which followed the education program fostered reflection, peer learning and critical thinking. To explore the students' perceptions of the short film, qualitative data were collected using five open‐ended questions. This data was analysed to identify common themes from the qualitative data on student engagement with the short film. Four themes emerged: (1) The importance of asking risk assessment questions; (2) Making connections; (3) Developing empathy; and (4) Wanting to learn more. This Arts Health education program deepened the student's understanding of the importance of risk assessment and provided an opportunity to practice these skills in a safe environment. Conducting a risk assessment to identify the potential for self‐harm and suicide is an important clinical skill that should be mastered by all nurses. It requires communication skills that show empathy and compassion so that the person develops trust to disclose their thoughts of harm.
Cross‐Cultural Validation of Knowledge About Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention Questionnaire: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Chinese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Jizhe , Lu Xiaohong , Zhang Yan , Wang Maojing , Han Shu , Zhao Menglu , Cao Lihua , Zhao Yunxia , Wei Lili
Published: January 2025

Aim

To cross‐culturally adapt the Knowledge about Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention Questionnaire (KAFSP‐Q) for Chinese AF patients and validate its effectiveness.

Design

Instrument adaptation and cross‐sectional validation.

Methods

The KAFSP‐Q was translated into Chinese by using the forward and back translation method. Experts and patients were invited to revise the questionnaire domains and items. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q were evaluated, that is, its construct validity, discriminant validity, convergent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability.

Findings

The Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q consists of 41 items and six domains, namely, bleeding knowledge, AF complications, stroke risk and stroke prevention, stroke symptoms, AF symptoms and general AF knowledge. The Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q demonstrated acceptable content validity (scale‐content validity index = 0.859). The exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors, which accounted for 65.725% of the total variance, and the confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable fit indices. The convergent validity was poor, because the average variance extracted coefficient of the six domains was lower than 0.500. The square root of the average variance extracted coefficients was higher than the bivariate correlation between the domains, which indicated an acceptable discriminant validity. Meanwhile, the internal consistency and test–retest reliability were satisfactory (Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.973, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.872).

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q demonstrates acceptable validity and reliability and can be used as a valuable instrument for AF and stroke prevention knowledge evaluation.

Impact

In clinical practice, the Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q can be used to help patients increase their disease management knowledge and engage in effective disease management behaviour. Future research is necessary to confirm the psychometric properties of the questionnaire with samples that are highly representative.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.