bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra- and inter-annual changes in isoprene emission from central Amazonia
Authors: Gomes Alves Eliane , Aquino Santana Raoni , Quaresma Dias-Júnior Cléo , Botía Santiago , Taylor Tyeen , Yáñez-Serrano Ana Maria , Kesselmeier Jürgen , Lembo Silveira de Assis Pedro Ivo , Martins Giordane , de Souza Rodrigo , Duvoisin Júnior Sérgio , Guenther Alex , Gu Dasa , Tsokankunku Anywhere , Sörgel Matthias , Nelson Bruce , Pinto Davieliton , Komiya Shujiro , Martins Rosa Diogo , Weber Bettina , Barbosa Cybelli , Robin Michelle , Feeley Kenneth J. , Duque Alvaro , Londoño Lemos Viviana , Contreras Maria Paula , Idarraga Alvaro , López A. Norberto , Husby Chad , Jestrow Brett
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Isoprene is a chemical compound emitted naturally by soil, microorganisms, plants, and animals into the atmosphere. But plants are the largest emission source, and the amount of emission depends on plant species, weather conditions, and environmental conditions, including exposure to environmental stresses such as heat and drought. Isoprene is very reactive in the atmosphere and is involved in atmospheric physicochemical processes that can impact atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and regional climate. Quantification and understanding of the atmospheric processes influenced by isoprene result from a combination of observational experiments and estimates obtained from computational models. However, only a few long-term observational experiments have been conducted in the largest source of isoprene to the global atmosphere – the Amazon rainforest, and there are still uncertainties in the model estimates. Recent experiments have also shown that the models have greater uncertainty when estimating intra- and inter-annual variations in isoprene. This study aimed to improve our understanding of isoprene emission from a central Amazonian site by considering biological and environmental factors influencing emission on intra- and interannual time scales. By combining observational datasets, we adapted a widely used computational model of isoprene emission to observed conditions in the field. Our observations indicated that isoprene emission was not as high as the model estimated when the forest experienced environmental stress, such as heat and drought, in the 2015 El-niño year. In addition, observations revealed that the model performed well when diurnal variations were analyzed but not when long-term variations occurred. The performance for estimating intra- and inter-annual isoprene emission improved when the model was modified on two biological factors – (i) the amount of different leaf ages throughout the year and (ii) the emission rates of these different leaf ages. This shows that isoprene emission estimates can be improved when biological processes are mechanistically incorporated into the model.
Does the assumption of biogenic carbon neutrality affect decarbonization pathways? Lessons learned from a techno-economic analysis
Authors: Kouchaki Penchah Hamed , Bahn Olivier , Vaillancourt Kathleen , Moreau Lucas , Thiffault Evelyne , Levasseur Annie
Published: February 2023

Net-zero emission targets require transitioning to low carbon energy sources (including bioenergy) and large-scale carbon dioxide removal. Aside from direct air capture (DAC), bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and terrestrial carbon removal and sequestration are two available negative emission technologies (NETs) ready for large-scale deployment. Nationally determined contributions endorse bioenergy as an alternative carbon neutral energy source for fossil fuels. However, this carbon neutral assumption is disputed with several studies indicating that it may lead to accounting errors and biased decision-making.Bottom-up techno-economic energy system models such as the TIMES framework are used to identify and analyze potential decarbonization pathways for countries or regions. However, these models do not include biogenic carbon flows. Biogenic carbon refers to the carbon contained in biomass. One could assume that biogenic carbon is neutral since the amount of carbon emitted into the atmosphere through biomass combustion and the amount of carbon sequestered by plants during their lifetimes are equal. This assumption may be acceptable when the biomass rotation length is short, as in annual crops, and the balance between emissions and uptakes is indeed neutral. The assumption, however, may not remain valid when the sequestration period is lengthy, as in the case of forest trees. This study combines an aspatial, stand- and landscape-level modeling framework (CBM-CFS3) with a bottom-up techno-economic energy system model (NATEM). We use the CBM-CFS3 output to model various forest management strategies that would result in different biomass availability for bioenergy as well as net forest carbon stocks and emissions. This allows us to determine whether and how this biomass will be used in the energy system over time. Besides, we model several forest-based bioenergy and BECCS technologies to allow the energy system to use the available biomass. This is the first time biogenic CO2 flows are being modeled in a thorough energy system model such as TIMES. We show how the assumption of carbon neutrality results in biased decision-making (using different sets of NETs and resources). We demonstrate that the decarbonization effort could be reduced by integrating forest sequestration into the energy system model. We explore how a high sequestration capacity forest management strategy may minimize the need for expensive NETs such as DAC. Moreover, this research highlights the need to adopt the most promising forest management strategy before investing in BECCS.
Exploring the Value of Natural Language Processing for Urban Water Research
Authors: Vertommen Ina , Tian Xin , Pronk Tessa , Seshan Siddharth , Paraskevopoulos Sotirios , Wols Bas
Published: February 2023

Natural Language Processing (NLP), empowered by the most recent developments in Deep Learning, demonstrates its potential effectiveness for handling texts. Urban water research  benefits from both subfields of NLP, namely, Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG). In this work, we present three recent studies that use NLP for: (1) automated processing and responding to registered customer complaint within Dutch water utilities, (2) automated collection of up-to-date water-related information from the Internet, (3) extraction of key information about chemical compounds and pathogen characteristics from scientific publications. These applications, using the latest NLP models and tools (e.g., Rasa, Spacy), take into account studies on both water quality and quantity for the water sector. According to our findings, NLU and rule-based text mining are effective in extracting information from unstructured texts. In addition, NLU and NLG can be integrated to build a human-computer interface, such as a value-based Chabot to understand and address the demands made by customers of water utilities.
Seven innovative sensors: The TEMBO Africa project 
Authors: van de Giesen Nick , Winsemius Hessel , Annor Frank , Fico Tomáš , Realini Eugenio , Uijlenhoet Remko , Peña-Haro Salvador
Published: February 2023

Africa is deeply underserved when it comes to geo-services. TEMBO Africa, a project funded by the European Commission, seeks to redress this gap by producing operational data products for rainfall, river flow, soil moisture, bathymetry, and open water. With these products, new services will be developed for reservoir management, germination insurance, and flood early warnings. The products will be the result of the combination of innovative in situ sensors, satellite observations, and environmental models. There will be at least seven innovative in situ sensing methods involved, namely X-band rainfall radars, neutron counting for soil moisture based on natural boron, commercial microwave links, camera-based velocimetry, bathymetry with fish finders, raindrop intervalometers, and GNSS level sensors. TEMBO Africa is transformative in that it aims to reduce the total costs of ownership of the geo-services to less than 10% of present costs. We do not only look at the capital costs of the sensors but also at reduction of maintenance cost and the availability and development of human resources. In this presentation, we highlight the innovative sensors.

The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Horizon Europe Programme (2021-2027) under grant agreement n° 101086209. The opinions expressed in the document are of the authors only and no way reflect the European Commission’s opinions. The European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information.

    TEMBO Africa     
Docker container in DWD's Seamless INtegrated FOrecastiNg sYstem (SINFONY)
Authors: Zacharuk Matthias , Welzbacher Christian , Schnoor Isabel , Rathmann Nils , Eser Christian , Prill Florian , Blahak Ulrich ,   SINFONY
Published: February 2023

At Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), the SINFONY project has been set up to develop a seamless ensemble prediction system for convective-scale forecasting with forecast ranges of up to 12 hours. It combines Nowcasting (NWC) techniques with numerical weather prediction (NWP) in a seamless way. So far NWC and NWP run on two different IT-Infrastructure levels. Due to the data transfer between both infrastructures, this separation slows down SINFONY, makes it complex and prone to disturbances. These disadvantages are solved by applying the interconnected part of the SINFONY on one single architecture using a Docker Container.With this aim in view a Docker-Container of the respective NWC components is created and executed on the infrastructure of NWP, the high performance linux computing cluster (HPC) of DWD. In test applications we already observed a speed up of roughly 20% by using the Container on the HPC-cluster instead of using NWC-Tools on the initial NWC IT-Architecture. The Container is already implemented in DWD’s experimental tool BACY for the assimilation cycle.A major innovation of SINFONY is the rapid update cycle (RUC), an hourly refreshing NWP procedure with a Forecast range of 8 hours, which will be extended to 12 hours soon. The container will be implemented to the RUC and used for the subsequent combination of NWP and NWC forecasts.In the presentation I will explain what a container is and discuss opportunities and risks of this technology. I will introduce how building the Container is integrated to the CICD procedures at DWD, how and where the Container is implemented to BACY and discuss latest results for the implementation to the RUC.
Development of a new global CO2 emission database with highly-resolved source category and sub-country information: methodology and 1970-2021 emissions
Authors: Xu Ruochong , Zhang Qiang , Tong Dan , Xiao Qingyang , Qin Xinying , Chen Cuihong , Yan Liu , Cheng Jing , Cui Can , Hu Hanwen , Liu Wenyu , Yan Xizhe , Wang Huaxuan , Liu Xiaodong , Geng Guannan , Guan Dabo , He Kebin
Published: February 2023

CO2 emission database lays the foundation of climate research and climate governance. Most current global CO2 emission inventories were developed with energy statistics from International Energy Agency (IEA) and were available at country level with limited source categories. Here, as the first step toward a high-resolution and dynamic updated global CO2 emission database, we developed a data-driven approach to construct seamless and highly-resolved energy consumption data cubes for 208 countries/territories, 797 sub-country administrative divisions in 29 countries, 42 fuel types, and 52 sectors, with the fusion of energy consumption from 24 international statistics and 66 regional/local statistics. Global CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in 1970-2021 were then estimated with highly-resolved source category (1484 of total) and sub-country information (797 of total). Specifically, 73% of global CO2 emissions in 2021 were calculated based on sub-country information, providing considerably improved spatial resolution for global CO2 accounting. With the support of detailed information, the dynamics of global CO2 emissions across sectors and fuels were presented, representing the evolution of global economy and progress of climate governance. Remarkable differences of sectoral contribution were found across sub-country administrative divisions within a given country, revealing the uneven distribution of energy and economic structure among different regions. Our estimates were generally consistent with existing databases at aggregated level for global total or large emitters, while large discrepancies were observed for middle and small emitters. Our database, named Multi-resolution Emission Inventory model for Climate and air pollution research (MEIC) is publicly available through http://meicmodel.org.cn with highly-resolved information and timely update, which provides an independent carbon emission accounting data source for climate research.
The onset of thermal inertial convection in a rapidly rotating oblate spheroidal liquid core
Authors: Kong Dali , Li Wenbo
Published: February 2023

Motivated by its applications to the core dynamics in the Earth and other Planets, the problem of convective instability in rapidly rotating, self-gravitating fluid bodies has been widely modeled in spheres or spherical shells, which implicitly neglects the flattening effect due to the centrifugal force. By self-consistently taking into account the centrifugal force, rapidly rotating stably stratified Boussinesq fluid is firstly modeled in oblate spheroidal cavities whose geometric shapes are self-consistently determined by the theory of figure. A closed-form solution is obtained for gravity and temperature. Based on this nonspherical model of the conduction state in a rapidly rotating spheroidal cavity, the problem of thermal instability is formulated and analytically discussed in the regime of inertial convection, which is marked by asymptotically small Ekman number and sufficiently small Prandtl number. The critical properties of inertial modes are explicitly derived. The dependence of the onset of thermal inertial convection on the oblateness of the spheroid is systematically explored. A remarkable discovery is that the globally most unstable mode could switch from a non-axisymmetric quasi-geostrophic wave to an equatorially symmetric zonal oscillation when the rotational flattening effect gets very strong. This was the only form of global convection not found so far.
Modeling marine primary organic aerosols and their impact on clouds 
Authors: Leon Anisbel , Heinold Bernd , van Pinxteren Manuela
Published: February 2023

Marine organic aerosol is a major contributor to cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles over pristine open-ocean and coastal regions and thus has an important impact on radiation, precipitation, and atmospheric dynamics. In the Arctic, the summer-time sea ice loss and the rapid ice retreat are critical factors for potentially increased marine aerosol emissions. In our planned studies with the aerosol-climate model ICON-HAM, we want to investigate the influence of primary marine organic aerosol on the Arctic climate and its rapid warming. The implementation of a detailed, species-resolved ocean emission and the interactions with mixed-phase clouds in ICON-HAM allows for studying the efficiency of marine organic species as potential ice nucleating particles (INP). Here, we present sensitivity model simulations and the first results of the comparison with satellite retrievals, in-situ aerosol, and INP measurements. We aim to evaluate ! the ice nucleation potential of marine organic aerosols over dust particles transported from mid-latitudes to determine the dominance of aerosols from local marine sources in clouds.
A review of protocols and tests to characterise mine wastes for circular economy strategies
Authors: Lottermoser Bernd
Published: February 2023

Since the first scientific observations on mine wastes hundreds of years ago, we have gained some phenomenal knowledge of mine wastes based on a great diversity of characterisation protocols and tests. Traditionally, such mine waste characterisation provides information on current and future environmental conditions, because current mining operations manage mine wastes based on a linear economy thinking (“take-make-dispose”). By contrast in a circular economy ("make-use-return"), mining should produce little waste, any raw material losses to waste streams should be minimized, and any waste generated should be characterized for possible reuse, recycling or remining. In fact, mining can make substantive contributions to circular economy systems, by designing wastes out of entire value chains and looping mine wastes back into the material flows. As part of this new approach, historic mine waste piles of diverse mineral commodities have moved into focus as potential sources of metals and industrial minerals (e.g. phosphogypsum) as well as critical raw materials (CRM). The objective of this contribution is to review the various tools available to characterise mine wastes on a macro to micro scale for circular economy systems. Such a new approach requires protocols and test methods that support novel recovery technologies, innovative environmental advances and new by-product value chains. Yet, today’s waste characterisation protocols and test methods still focus on environmental risks, have serious limitations, are riddled with uncertainties that are hard to quantify, or only allow predictions of waste properties that represent best estimates. The time has come to drastically improve our scientific efforts to precisely characterise mine wastes on all scales for circular economy purposes (micro to macro scales). This route to greater confidence in the characterisation of mine wastes will come from new macro approaches (e.g. remote sensing, monitoring of waste dumps), meso tests (e.g. infield analyses, sensors), and micro laboratory analyses (e.g. computed tomography). There is reason for optimism that the required progress is possible. In future, researchers have to provide new tools that support innovative circular practices and novel approaches to resource recovery from mine wastes.
The struggle for free data: Twenty years experience from the Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO)
Authors: van de Giesen Nick , Selker John , Annor Frank
Published: February 2023

Since 2013, the Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO) has been building and operating a network of weather stations and, to a lesser extent, hydrological stations. At this moment, the network consists of 620 stations in over 20 sub-Saharan countries. With 3 billion data points, it is by far the largest provider of in situ weather and climate data from Africa. Our weather stations are robust and have no moving parts. They have been extensively tested under the often harsh environmental conditions that prevail in Africa. Over 90% of the stations are located at secondary schools, where they contribute to the curriculum in exchange for social and physical protection. A team of 22 engineers install and maintain the stations. A mature data management system, including advanced QA/QC, helps deliver data to scientists. Data are free for local governments and for science. MoUs with national agencies often stipulate that data can only be used by outsiders for scientific purposes, hence the need to register and document the purpose of the data to be used. Commercial use is subject to a modest fee. TAHMO has supplied data to over 180 academic institutions achieving one of its primary goals of putting the hydrometeorology of Africa in the center of earth science research.

Although TAHMO is a clear success, it is not easy to maintain the network. TAHMO has grown on the basis of projects, such as for the World Bank and the European Union’s research and innovation programs. The problem is that once the project has ended, the stations still need to be maintained. TAHMO is extremely frugal and 100% driven by African scientists and engineers. Still, maintaining a station costs about EU 50 per month. There is almost no commercial market for just data so TAHMO needs to develop value-added geo-services. Given the complexity of such geo-services and the modest size of the TAHMO team, this needs to be done with a network of partners. Presently, services are being developed for agricultural insurance, hydropower reservoirs, and smart irrigation. An alternative would be a modest grant from the many billions that have been promised for climate resilience in Africa. Strangely, obtaining a small grant seems to be the steepest hill to climb. This is a true pity because such a grant would make TAHMO 100% free, which, in turn, would produce the largest societal value.

The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Horizon Europe Programme (2021-2027) under grant agreement n° 101086209 (TEMBO Africa). The opinions expressed in the document are of the authors only and no way reflect the European Commission’s opinions. The European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information.
Kinetic Modeling of Ion Outflows with Observations from the VISIONS-1 Sounding Rocket
Authors: Albarran Robert , Zettergren Matthew
Published: February 2023

Plasma escape from the high-latitude ionosphere (ion outflow) serves as a significant source of heavy plasma to magnetospheric plasma sheet and ring current regions. Outflows alter mass density and reconnection rates, hence global responses of the magnetosphere. The VISIONS-1 (VISualizing Ion Outflow via Neutral atom imaging during a Substorm) sounding rocket was launched on Feb. 7, 2013 at 8:21 UTC from Poker Flat, Alaska, into an auroral substorm with the objective of identifying the drivers and dynamics of nightside ion outflow at altitudes where it is initiated, below 1000 km. Energetic ion data from the VISIONS-1 polar cap boundary crossing show evidence of an ion "pressure cooker'' effect whereby ions energized via transverse heating in the topside ionosphere travel upward and are impeded by a parallel potential structure at higher altitudes.A new fully kinetic model is constructed from first principles which traces large numbers of individual O+ ion macro-particles along curved magnetic field lines, using a guiding-center approximation, in order to facilitate calculation of ion distribution functions and moments. Particle forces in a three-dimensional global Cartesian coordinate system include mirror and parallel electric field forces, a self-consistent ambipolar electric field, and a parameterized source of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) wave heating, thought to be central to the transverse energization of ions. The model is initiated with a steady-state ion density altitude profile and Maxwellian velocity distribution and multiple particle trajectories are advanced via a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) scheme. This document outlines the design and implementation of the kinetic outflow model and shows applications of simulated outflows representative of conditions observed during the VISIONS-1 campaign. This project provides quantitative means to interpret VISIONS-1 data and related remote sensing approaches to studying ion outflows and serves to advance our understanding of the drivers and particle dynamics in the auroral ionosphere and to improve data analysis for future sounding rocket and satellite missions.
EaDz: a web-based, relational database for detrital zircons from East Asia
Authors: zhang Bo , Liu Shaofeng , Zhang Chenxi
Published: February 2023

Detrital zircon geochronology and geochemistry have become the primary methods for reconstructing the Earth's tectonic and surficial processes over geologic time. The compilation and dissemination of detrital zircon data are essential to facilitate rapid, innovative, and reliable studies and to drive new research discoveries. To this end, we present EaDz, a new web-based, relational database for detrital zircons from East Asia, which includes geochronological, geochemical, petrological, and stratigraphic datasets. The EaDz currently contains 7083 rock samples representing 570,092 U-Pb ages, 77,394 Lu-Hf isotopes, 35,045 trace elements, and 1773 oxygen isotope data entries. Within the EaDz database, 71% of the samples are siliciclastic rocks, followed by 16% metasedimentary rocks, 6% modern sediments, and 7% other rocks. The database is intended to serve as a repository for new and existing detrital zircon data and a platform for the visualization and analysis of detrital zircon data. Through a publicly accessible interactive website, EaDz allows simultaneous data retrieval, analysis, and visualization in the cloud. Additionally, EaDz provides a means for combining the detrital zircon data with global plate reconstruction models - thus providing deep-time dynamic reconstructions of detrital palaeolocations. As such, the EaDz provides a powerful resource for applications in paleogeography reconstruction, plate tectonic reconstruction, and crustal-mantle evolution. The database will continue to be developed and improved. We encourage users to collaborate on data compilation by submitting data through the website or contacting corresponding authors directly after their data is published.
A reduced complexity aerosol model for km-scale climate models
Authors: Weiss Philipp , Herbert Ross , Stier Philip
Published: February 2023

Despite their small size, aerosols strongly influence Earth's climate. Aerosols scatter and absorb radiation referred to as aerosol-radiation interactions but also modify the properties of clouds, as cloud droplets form on aerosol particles, referred to as aerosol-cloud interactions. Kilometer-scale simulations allow us to examine long-standing questions related to these interactions. Such simulations resolve atmospheric motions on scales of a few kilometers and represent important atmospheric processes like convective updrafts that were parameterized previously. Regional simulations revealed significant effects of aerosols on convective clouds and provided insights into the underlying processes and drivers. To examine these interactions with the climate model ICON, we developed the simple aerosol model HAMlite based on and fully traceable to the complex aerosol model HAM. HAMlite represents aerosols as an ensemble of log-normal modes. To reduce the computational and physical complexity, aerosol microphysics are discarded and aerosol sizes and compositions are prescribed. The selection of modes is flexible and can include the Aitken, accumulation, and coarse modes. The calculation of aerosol properties and thermodynamics remains fully consistent with HAM. HAMlite is linked to the atmospheric processes of ICON. Aerosols are transported as tracers in the dynamical core and coupled to the radiation, turbulence, and cloud microphysics schemes.We present first results from global simulations with ICON-HAMlite. The atmosphere is governed by non-hydrostatic conservation equations, the land is represented with the dynamic vegetation model JSBACH, and the sea surface temperature and sea ice are prescribed with the AMIP database. The horizontal resolution is about 5 km and time period is about 40 days. First, we evaluate the global distributions of the different aerosol modes. And second, we investigate how aerosols influence the diurnal cycle and deep convection in the tropics. In contrast to regional simulations, global simulations include the large-scale circulation and in particular the budgetary constraints on precipitation due to the conservation of water and energy.
Unraveling the association between artic region and Indian summer monsoon – an empirical study
Authors: kulkarni sujata , Agarwal Ankit
Published: February 2023

Monsoon influences the well-being of billions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. The accelerated climate change and monsoon coupling with other large-scale climatic phenomena make their prediction challenging. Therefore, improvement in understanding and prediction of monsoons has become essential. Recent studies have emphasized the role of arctic region in influencing the tropical climate and its potential to cause more persistent extreme events. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the arctic region for its strategic advantage and combat climate change. In this direction, our work aims to unravel the association between the Arctic region and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). We quantify the influence of the Arctic region on Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) using statistical parameters. The sea ice extent and Arctic Oscillation Index were correlated with the precipitation in India at seasonal and monthly scale. The Arctic Oscillation index was able to explain around 7-10% of variability in precipitation. The increased magnitude and frequency of precipitation in India are significantly related to decreased sea ice extent indicated by negative correlation coefficient ranging from 0.3-0.6.
The mystery of the lazy deep roots
Authors: Ruø Rasmussen Camilla
Published: February 2023

Deep roots play a major role in plant water uptake. During dry periods, they can be the decisive factor for plant survival. In agricultural production systems, survival is not enough. Crops must thrive to sustain high yields.

While deep water uptake by deep roots is well documented it is puzzling that drought symptoms can be observed in deep-rooted species with access to deep stored soil moisture. Something limits the deep water uptake.

Today breeding for deeper roots in crops is intensifying to ensure food production facing more frequent and more severe droughts in the world’s major crop-producing areas. I argue that the investment in deeper roots is not likely to reach its full potential unless limitations to deep water uptake are identified and targeted by breeders. I hypothesize that the limitation is caused by 1) limited hydraulic conductivity in the deeper part of the root system, and/or 2) a hormonal response to a dry topsoil forcing stomates to close.
What Determines the Shape of a Pine-Island-Like Ice Shelf?
Authors: Nakayama Yoshihiro , Hirata Toshiki , Goldberg Daniel , Greene Chad
Published: February 2023

Ice shelf shape directly controls ocean heat intrusions, melting near the grounding line, and buttressing. Little is known about what determines ice-shelf shape because ice-ocean coupled simulations typically aim at projecting Antarctica's contribution to sea-level rise and they do not resolve small-scale ice-ocean interactive processes. We conduct ice-ocean coupled simulations for an idealized high-resolution, Pine-Island-like model configuration. We show that ocean melting and ice stretching caused by ice acceleration both thin the ice shelf from the grounding line toward the ice shelf front, while ice divergence from the center advects ice toward the ice shelf edges, compensating melt-driven thinning along the across-shelf direction. We separate the ice dynamical component of ice shelf thinning from melt-induced thinning, as a way to understand processes that occur around the grounding zone, where satellite measurements cannot provide a direct measure of basal melt. In the case of the simulated idealized Pine-Island-like ice shelf, ∼75% and ∼25% of ice-shelf thinning is driven by ice shelf melting and ice stretching, respectively. For observations along Pine Island Ice Shelf flowlines, we also confirm that ocean melting and ice acceleration are the two main terms shaping the ice shelf. We also highlight the importance of shallow-depth melting for determining the ice shelf front thickness and ice shelf shape. Recent studies show that the ice shelf shape close to the ice shelf front can control ice shelf buttressing, ice shelf/glacier evolutions, and sea level rise prediction. This study suggests that ice-ocean interactive processes between the entire ice shelf and the ocean alter ice shelf shape including ice shelf front thickness, despite that ice-ocean interactive processes only close to grounding zones have attracted much attention in the past decade. 
Diagenesis and pore evolution in thermal simulation-a case study of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Kong2 member of Cangdong sag
Authors: Yin Lingzhi
Published: February 2023

During the burial process of fine-grained sedimentary rocks, with the increase of burial depth, a series of changes will occur in their mineral composition, organic matter morphology, pore type and content. In order to deeply reveal the characteristics of such changes, this paper systematically analyzes the residual samples of organic matter thermal simulation by scanning electron microscopy, whole rock X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, pyrolysis, organic carbon content, etc. It was found that the morphology of organic matter changed from block to strip to block during the heating process from room temperature to 550 ℃; Clay minerals gradually transform from lamellar to flocculent; The carbonate minerals are corroded violently, and the corrosion precipitation phenomenon occurs when the temperature is higher than 500 ℃; With the increase of temperature, the pore area of organic matter increases, and reaches the maximum at 450 ℃ - 475 ℃; The intergranular pores of clay minerals increase slowly at first, then increase rapidly, and finally become stable; The change trend of dissolution pores is basically consistent with that of organic matter pores, which are slowly increased first, then rapidly increased, and then slowly decreased to stabilize.Therefore, when the temperature is 450 ℃ - 475 ℃, the number and pore diameter of pores reach the maximum, which is a good reservoir.
Combining convolutional and recurrent neural networks for ShakeMap prediction
Authors: Chen Yi-Shan , Rupeljengan Ljegay , Su I-Ting
Published: February 2023

     Taiwan has a high population density, and is located in the Circum-Pacific Belt, there are countless seismic hazard events.The Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) and Rapid Report Systems have become one of the most important disaster prevention systems to effectively reduce and prevent disasters caused by destructive earthquakes. Currently, according to the Central Weather Bureau's website, the EEW and repaid reports are produced and distributed 5 to 10 minutes after an earthquake, including the time of the earthquake, the location of the epicenter, the size and depth of the earthquake, and the fast estimated magnitude of the earthquake.
     In recent years, deep learning has developed rapidly, especially in the field of image recognition, including image classification, object detection, image generation, etc. This project is expected to use the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrument Program (TSMIP) station data provided by the Central Weather Bureau to generate the ShakeMap. We will use the multi-label classification method to mark the ShakeMap, and use the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to embed labels in the image, capture the dependency of labels and combine with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to predict the different labels in the shakeMap, which is expected to achieve the purpose of fast prediction of earthquake intensity in different places in the whole Taiwan island. 
Soil erosion dynamics in the White Nile-Congo ridge region – two years of high frequency UAV monitoring
Authors: Wilken Florian , Doetterl Sebastian , Cooper Matthew , Haist Jasmin , Muhindo Daniel , van Oost Kristof , Rueegg Martin , Fiener Peter
Published: February 2023

Tropical Africa is globally one of the most sensitive regions for soil erosion and is characterised by an important yield gap. Rapid population growth is expected to triple food demands in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2050. These rising food demands need to be met by cropland that is highly prone to soil erosion. In particular, the White Nile-Congo ridge region between the DR Congo and Uganda is a hotspot for issues relating to food security linked to massive soil degradation due to steep terrain, highly erosive rainfall and low soil cover conditions. Despite its importance, most soil erosion studies in the region are based on plot or large-scale modelling studies. Both approaches lack information on inter-field connectivity processes, which are especially important in smallholder farming structures with an average field size of 0.1 ha. To address this, a UAV-based monitoring campaign was carried out over different cropland sites (two sites in the DR Congo and two in Uganda) at high spatial and temporal resolution. The campaign covered more than 500 individual fields which were monitored twice per month (for two years) using UAV-based aerial photography to get insights into event-based rill erosion processes and the role of landscape connectivity. The aerial photography data was classified according to its field condition: (i) vegetation covered, (ii) bare soil without signs of rill erosion, (iii) field with rill erosion. The results highlight the role of land cover patchiness due to smallholder farming structures on inter-field connectivity with rill erosion often discontinuing downslope across field boundaries. Therefore, rill development is highly localised and affects individual fields. We further conclude that rill erosion in the White Nile-Congo ridge region is not an episodic process but takes place regularly during the rainy season as a result of high frequency erosive rainfall (on average 20 erosive rainfall events per rain season) falling on bare soil in fields that are left fallow for individual cultivation periods. Rill erosion dynamics in the study area are complex and controlled by processes that are challenging to be represented in large scale predictions on soil degradation.
Gravel-sand transition in the mixed bedrock-alluvial Congaree River, SC. Preliminary results on gravel mobility 
Authors: Viparelli Enrica , Logan William , Ahmadpoor Mahsa , Torres Raymond , Dykstra Steven
Published: February 2023

Gravel-sand transitions are generally characterized by a decline in bed slope and surface grain size from about 10 mm to 1 mm over a range of distances. Values vary from a few hundred meters on relatively small streams in Scotland and Canada, to tens of kilometers on the Fly River in Papua New Guinea and on the Fraser River in Canada. Gravel-sand transitions form for different reasons such as preferential breakdown of sediment clasts, downstream propagation of a gravel front, changes in sand transport mode and different mobility between sand and gravel. Recent field work on the Congaree River, South Carolina, revealed the intermittent presence of gravel bars and sand bars, as well as bedrock channel reaches along the upper 35 km. At ~30 km downstream of the reach where gravel is observed, the river channel and the bars are made of fairly uniform sand with median grain size of 0.6 mm. It is thus reasonable to expect the presence of a gradual gravel-sand transition. Field measurements of bed elevation show that this gravel sand transition is not associated with significant bed slope change. We hypothesize that the presence of the gradual transition is due to the increased gravel transport capacity in the presence of sand. Further, the resistant bedrock in the mixed bedrock-alluvium reach may prevent the abrupt change in bed slope observed in other gravel-sand transitions.
Calibrating Surface Mass Balance Models at the Monte Sarmiento Massif, Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Temme Franziska , Farías-Barahona David , Seehaus Thorsten , Jaña Ricardo , Arigony-Neto Jorge , Gonzalez Inti , Arndt Anselm , Sauter Tobias , Schneider Christoph , Fürst Johannes J.
Published: February 2023

Similar to the Patagonian Icefields, the Cordillera Darwin Icefield in Tierra del Fuego experienced important ice loss during the last decades. The difficult accessibility and the harsh weather conditions in that area result in scarce in-situ observations of climatic conditions and glacier mass balances. Under these challenging conditions, this study investigates calibration strategies of surface mass balance models in the Monte Sarmiento Massif, western Cordillera Darwin, with the goal to achieve realistic simulations of the regional surface mass balance in the period 2000-2022.We apply three calibration strategies ranging from a local single-glacier calibration to a regional calibration with and without the inclusion of a snowdrift parametrization. Furthermore, we apply four models of different complexity ranging from an empirical degree-day model to a fully-fledged surface energy balance model. This way, we examine the model transferability in space, the benefit of including regional mass change observations as calibration constraint and the advantage of increasing the model complexity regarding included processes. In-situ measurements comprise ablation stakes, ice thickness surveys and weather station records at Schiaparelli Glacier as well as elevation changes and flow velocity from satellite data for the entire study site. Performance of simulated surface mass balance is validated against geodetic mass changes and stake observations of surface melting.Results show that transferring mass balance models in space is a challenge, and common practices can produce distinctly biased estimates. The use of remotely sensed regional observations can significantly improve model performance. Increasing the complexity level of the model does not result in a clear improvement in our case where all four models perform similarly. Including the process of snowdrift, however, significantly increases the agreement with geodetic mass balances. This highlights the important role of snowdrift for the surface mass balance in the Cordillera Darwin, where strong and consistent westerly winds prevail.
Long-term implications of flood risk on depression in South Africa: Evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study
Authors: Suhr Friederike , Webb Poppy
Published: February 2023

Although there is compelling evidence to suggest that floods have severe consequences on a wide range of negative health outcomes, the effects of flooding on mental health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, have had little attention. Given, A) the rising frequency and severity of flooding, B) limited adaptation capacity by African individuals and states, C) a narrowing time window for sustainable adaptation, D) limited regional evidence, and E) challenges in modelling complex relationships between floods and mental health, the purpose of this research is to quantitively assess the role of flood risk (pluvial and coastal) as a driver of depression in South Africa.

This project combines individual-level data on depression measured repeatedly through time with high-precision (in time and space) climate data on flooding. Nationally representative panel data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) carried out across South Africa, comprising five survey waves between 2008 and 2017 is used to assess depressive symptoms of 28,000 adults. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to create a flood susceptibility map of South Africa based on flood influencing factors. The flood susceptibility map is used to extract indicators of flood risk and is linked to the individual-level data at a district/common-landcover level.

In the proposed poster presentation, we will present our findings from KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. We anticipate that flood risk will be associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and that socio-economic factors, like income or dependence on subsistence farming, will significantly impact this association.
 Effects of GRACE AOD1B Product on Estimated Parameters of "GRACE+GNSS" Combination at the Observation Level
Authors: Zhao Minxing , Zou Xiancai , Pan Juanxia
Published: February 2023

During the processing of GRACE observation data, the GNSS satellite ground station observations are added, which can directly transfer the datum from the ground stations to achieve a more theoretically rigorous parameter estimate. The software platform independently developed by our research group is used to realize the integrated solution at the observation level of GRACE high-low and low-low tracking data and ground station GNSS observations. AOD1B product is a prior correction model for ocean and atmosphere de-aliasing used in GRACE data processing. AOD1B product is an atmospheric and ocean mass changes high-frequency signal and belongs to non-tidal time-varying gravity field signals. The effect of the application of the AOD1B product in the orbital dynamics model of GNSS satellites on the solution of the satellite precision orbit determination and monthly earth gravity field time-varying models are considered in the integrated solution of multi-source data combination. The differences between the estimated satellite orbit parameters and time-varying gravity field models' time series with and without the AOD1B product in the GNSS satellite orbit dynamics model are displayed, along with the time series comparison of estimated tropospheric parameters for the several GNSS tracking stations.
Validation of Aeolus wind products over the tropical Atlantic using radiosondes
Authors: Borne Maurus , Knippertz Peter , Weissmann Martin , Witschas Benjamin , Flamant Cyrille , Rios-Berrios Rosimar , Veals Peter
Published: February 2023

We present results from a cross-Atlantic validation of the Aeolus L2B wind product using radiosondes launched in the framework of the Joint Aeolus Tropical Atlantic Campaign (JATAC). Of the total of 20 profiles corresponding to Aeolus overflights, 11 were launched in August-September 2021 from western Puerto Rico and northern St Croix, coordinated by the University of Oklahoma and Utah respectively, and 9 in September 2021 from the semi-arid Cape Verdean island of Sal, coordinated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

During this period, Aeolus sampled a complex atmospheric environment with a variety of cloud types associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the West African Monsoon (WAM), as well as dust aerosol particles emitted from Saharan dust outbreaks. The results show that Aeolus Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy wind products do not significantly depend on the collocation distance and time difference between Aeolus and radiosonde measurement. Nevertheless, the presence of clouds and dust can affect the quality of the Rayleigh-clear measurements by reducing the signal intensity of the backscattered light and with that the signal-to-noise ratio. Outliers with large absolute errors and low error estimates, accounting for less than 5% of the data, affect measurements at all altitudes and under all atmospheric conditions, and their cause remains unknown. Finally, we show the existence of an ascending/descending bias in the Rayleigh-clear channel, visible with respect to both radiosondes and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model equivalents. The results of this study contribute to a better characterization of Aeolus' wind product in different atmospheric conditions and provide valuable information for further improvement of the wind retrieval algorithm.
The effects of fog on the atmospheric electrical field close to the surface
Authors: Yair Yoav , Yaniv Roy , Price Colin
Published: February 2023

For almost a decade, ground-based measurements of the electric field (Ez) have been conducted continuously at Tel-Aviv University's Wise astronomical observatory, located in the Negev desert highland in southern Israel. The data enabled identifying the characteristics of Ez in fair weather, during dust storms, lightning activity and the passage of different cloud types overhead. We present new results of observations of the variability of the atmospheric electric field during several foggy days along with meteorological data of wind speed and relative humidity. The results show a substantial increase of the electric field (up to 400-650 V m-1) compared with the mean fair-weather values at the site (180-190 V m-1) during times of high values of relative humidity (>95%) and low wind speed (<3 m s-1). This increase is a consequence of the reduction in the conductivity at low levels due to the attachment of ions to fog droplets. We suggest that closely monitoring the electric field when there is a forecast for the occurrence of fog can offer a precise indication when fog begins and ends.