bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Functional Impairment and Medication Burden in Adults with Heart Failure
Authors: Goyal Parag , Bryan Joanna , Kneifati‐Hayek Jerard , Sterling Madeline R. , Banerjee Samprit , Maurer Mathew S. , Lachs Mark S. , Safford Monika M.
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES

To determine whether the number of medications taken by adults with heart failure (HF) and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL)—a subpopulation in whom the risks of a high medication burden may outweigh the benefits—differs from the number taken by those without impairment in ADLs.

DESIGN

Cross‐sectional.

SETTING

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2003–2014), a cross‐sectional survey that produces national estimates of adults in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS

Adults aged 50 and older (mean 70) with self‐reported HF (N= 947; representing 4.6 million adults with HF in the United States.

MEASURMENTS

We assessed ADL impairment and medication count based on self‐report. ADL impairment was defined as having difficulty with or being unable to dress, feed oneself, or get in and out of bed. To determine the independent association between ADL impairment and medication count, we performed sequential Poisson multivariable regression analyses. All analyses were cross‐sectional in nature and accounted for the complex survey design of NHANES.

RESULTS

Mean medication count was 7.2, and 74% of participants were taking 5 or more medications (polypharmacy). In a multivariable model, ADL impairment was not independently associated with medication count. These findings were similar for those with 3 or more hospitalizations in the prior year, declining health status, and cognitive impairment.

CONCLUSION

After adjusting for confounders including comorbidity, we found that adults with HF and ADL impairment take as many medications as those without ADL impairment. This suggests that providers may not sufficiently consider functional impairment when prescribing medications to adults with HF and thus may unnecessarily expose individuals to risk of adverse outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:284–291, 2019.
Overexpression of ADAR1 into the cytoplasm correlates with a better prognosis of patients with oral squamous cells carcinoma
Authors: Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Troiano Giuseppe , Botti Gerardo , Pedicillo Maria Carmela , Lo Russo Lucio , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Ciavarella Domenico , Losito Nunzia Simona , Aquino Gabriella , Nocini Riccardo , Santoro Rossella , Santoro Angela , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Pannone Giuseppe
Published: November 2018

Background

ADAR1 is an enzymatic protein, which catalyzes a RNA editing reaction by converting Adenosine to Inosine, and its expression has been found to be dysregulated in many cancer types. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of ADAR1 in oral squamous cells carcinoma.

Methods

In order to analyze the ADAR1 mRNA expression, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded and analyzed. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis was performed on an institutional database including 46 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a tissue microarray (TMA).

Results

No statistically significant correlation linked the mRNA ADAR1 expression to any clinic‐pathological variables in the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry analysis of ADAR1 showed different expressions between normal mucosa and tumor tissue. Focusing on the subcellular localization, the nuclear expression of ADAR1 correlated with higher grading of differentiation (ρ = 0.442; P‐value = 0.002); the general expression of ADAR1 either in cytoplasm or in nuclei, correlated with the Gender of patients (Cytoplasm expression: ρ = −0.295; P‐value = 0.049; while for nuclear expression: ρ = +0.374; P = 0.011); cytosol expression resulted to be an independent protective prognostic factor (HR = 0.047; C.I. 95% 0.007‐0.321; P‐value = 0.002).

Conclusion

Higher expression of ADAR1 into the cytoplasm resulted to be an independent prognostic factor. In order to understand ADAR1 role in cancer, further studies should be performed, in bigger cohort and under a bio‐molecular point of view.
Urban and Rural Emergency Department Performance on National Quality Metrics for Sepsis Care in the United States
Authors: Greenwood‐Ericksen Margaret B. , Rothenberg Craig , Mohr Nicholas , Andrea Shawn D. , Slesinger Todd , Osborn Tiffany , Whittle Jessica , Goyal Pawan , Tarrant Nalani , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Yealy Donald M. , Venkatesh Arjun
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) developed national quality measures for emergency department (ED) sepsis care. Like care for many conditions, meeting sepsis quality metrics can vary between settings. We sought to examine and compare sepsis care quality in rural vs urban hospital‐based EDs.

Methods

We analyzed data from EDs participating in the national Emergency Quality Network (E‐QUAL). We collected preliminary performance data on both the CMS measure (SEP‐1) and the ACEP measures via manual chart review. We analyzed SEP‐1 data at the hospital level based on existing CMS definitions and analyzed ACEP measure data at the patient level. We report descriptive statistics of performance variation in rural and urban EDs.

Findings

Rural EDs comprised 58 of the EDs reporting SEP‐1 results and 405 rural patient charts in the manual review. Of sites reporting SEP‐1 results, 44% were rural and demonstrated better aggregate SEP‐1 bundle adherence than urban EDs (79% vs 71%; P = .049). Both urban and rural hospitals reported high levels of compliance with the ACEP recommended initial actions of obtaining lactate and blood cultures, with urban EDs outperforming rural EDs on metrics of IV fluid administration and antibiotics (74% urban vs 60% rural; P ≤  .001; 91% urban vs 84% rural; P ≤  .001, respectively).

Conclusions

Sepsis care at both rural and urban EDs often achieves success with national metrics. However, performance on individual components of ED sepsis care demonstrates opportunities for improved processes of care at rural EDs.
Sleep in Farm Adolescents
Authors: Janssen Ian , Berg Richard L. , Marlenga Barbara , Pickett William
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The objectives were to: (1) describe sleep timing and patterns among adolescents who live or work on farms; (2) compare these sleep characteristics to those of nonfarm adolescents; (3) explore whether the above sleep and farm versus nonfarm differences varied by age and gender.

Methods

Participants were aged 11‐16 years and were abstracted from the 2014 Canadian Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study. Records from 2,160 farm adolescents were frequency matched (by school, gender, and grade) to records from 2,210 nonfarm adolescents. Participants self‐reported their bedtimes and wake‐up times on weekdays and weekends.

Findings

Among farm adolescents, average nightly sleep duration (hours:minutes) ranged from 08:34 among 14‐ to 16‐year‐old girls to 09:21 among 11‐ to 13‐year‐old girls. Approximately 24% to 32% of farm adolescents did not meet minimal sleep duration targets. For 11‐ to 13‐year‐olds, sleep characteristics did not differ according to farm status. However, for 14‐ to 16‐year‐olds, farm adolescents had shorter sleep durations than nonfarm adolescents (23 minutes for boys, P = .02; 20 minutes for girls, P = .06). Furthermore, a greater proportion of 14‐ to 16‐year‐old farm boys had sleep duration values less than the recommended 8 hours/night (27.7% vs 19.6%, P = .05).

Conclusions

This study profiles the sleep experiences of 11‐ to 16‐year‐old farm adolescents. Almost 1 in 3 of these adolescents did not get adequate sleep. Older adolescents who lived or worked on a farm slept less than comparably aged nonfarm adolescents. This may reflect their participation in morning chores essential to the farm operation and may increase their injury risk.
Multiple idiopathic fibrotic myopathies, including the tensor facia lata muscle, in a cat
Authors: Miraldo D. C. , Solano M. , Kalff S.
Published: November 2018

To describe the clinical features and treatment of a cat that was initially presented with fibrotic myopathy affecting the left tensor fascia lata. Approximately 5 months later, the cat was presented again with multiple idiopathic fibrotic myopathies, affecting the ipsilateral rectus femoris and the contralateral semitendinosus muscles. These were each separate lesions and occurred without known history of trauma. Surgical resection of the fibrotic portion of the affected muscles resulted in immediate, but not long‐term, resolution of clinical signs.
Ministry & Society: The Rhetorics of Expectations
Authors: Sweeney James
Published: November 2018

When we examine ‘who ministers what to whom’ in the church we have to look at our expectations of what the church should do for those inside and out of the church, as well as the expectations of what society should offer. Such an examination of expectations has to consider the structure of this takes place in a relationship between agency and structure: who acts and in what context? This at a time when the place of the individual in the church has changed hugely since the beginning of the twentieth century, from passivity to participation. The article finally relates this theoretical analysis to the current crisis in the church.
Supplementation of micronutrients in children and food fortification initiatives in Sri Lanka: benefits versus risks
Authors: Jayatissa Renuka , Fernando Dulitha N.
Published: November 2018

In recent decades, Sri Lanka has made substantial progress in reducing the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in children by the provision of vitamin A megadose and micronutrient supplementation programs for children of 6–23 months, along with universal iodization of salt. Consumption of voluntarily fortified foods by children was also considerably increased. The objective of our study here was to review such interventions, which are beneficial in childhood, and to assess the risk of toxicity due to excessive intakes of iron, vitamin A, and iodine. Our analysis was performed using data from two national micronutrient surveys, market surveys, and key informant interviews. Data on coverage, usage, and nutrient content of certain foods were compiled to gauge consumption of iron, vitamin A, and iodine among children. We found that the severity of anemia and vitamin A and iodine deficiencies declined from moderate‐to‐severe and that supplementation and fortification can lead to an excess of vitamin A that may cause toxicity, while iron and iodine deficiency appears to be no longer a public health concern in Sri Lanka. We recommend review and scaling back of national supplementation programs and monitoring of fortification initiatives to prevent micronutrient toxicity in the future.
Aluminum granuloma in a child secondary to DTaP‐IPV vaccination: A case report
Authors: Haag Carter K. , Dacey Elizabeth , Hamilton Nick , White Kevin P.
Published: November 2018

Reports detailing the acute formation of aluminum granulomas, which can cause persistent, intensely pruritic nodules secondary to the administration of aluminum‐containing vaccines, are infrequently described in medical literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the development of an aluminum granuloma causing a persistent, pruritic nodule at the injection site following the administration of the DTaP‐IPV vaccine. We present the case of a 6‐year‐old girl who developed a severely pruritic subcutaneous nodule on her anterior right thigh at the injection site three weeks after the administration of the aluminum‐containing DTaP‐IPV (Kinrix) vaccine. The nodule was eventually excised 14 months after its initial appearance, after which her symptoms resolved. Histologic inspection demonstrated a dense, deep dermal and subcutaneous nodular mixed infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils, with germinal center formation. The bluish, amphophilic granular cytoplasm found in most of the histiocytes is a characteristic feature of “aluminum granulomas.” This adverse reaction should be considered in any patient presenting with similar findings in the weeks following a DTaP‐IPV vaccination or other aluminum‐containing vaccines. Furthermore, the self‐limiting tendency of these nodules should not preclude affected patients from any future vaccinations, though vaccines without aluminum should be preferentially selected when possible.
Progress and perspectives of short‐chain fatty acids in aquaculture
Authors: Tran Ngoc Tuan , Li Zhongzhen , Wang Shuqi , Zheng Huaiping , Aweya Jude Juventus , Wen Xiaobo , Li Shengkang
Published: November 2018

Gut microbiota is important and plays a crucial role in the host health and nutritional metabolism through multiple mechanisms. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are carboxylic acids with aliphatic tails < 6 carbons, are mainly produced by anaerobic microbiota through fermentation of carbohydrates in the intestine. Acetate, propionate and butyrate are the most abundant SCFAs metabolites, important in energy homoeostasis, metabolism and the maintenance of gut health. In this review, we describe and document what is known about the production, absorption, transport and receptors as well as the factors that affect SCFA production in aquatic animals. Some evidence on the roles that SCFAs as feed additives play in improving growth performance, digestibility, survival rate, immune responses, disease resistance and structure and function of the intestinal tract and abundance of commensal microbiota in aquatic animals is summarized. In addition, the immune regulatory mechanism of SCFAs is highlighted. Although the effects of SCFAs in aquatic animals have been explored, further research is needed to profoundly investigate the mechanisms that by which SCFAs induce their effects on host metabolism.
Hijab Micropractices: The Strategic and Situational Use of Clothing by Qatari Women
Authors: Harkness Geoff
Published: November 2018

The hijab, the headscarf and cloak worn by some Muslim women, is often viewed through a lens of constraint, but in this article I emphasize its flexible use by women in Qatar, a wealthy, conservative Arabian Gulf nation. As part of a neoliberal agenda, the Qatari government frequently depicts female citizens using an “empowered woman” narrative that touts increased college enrollment, workforce participation, and sports involvement as evidence of a progressive gender milieu. Yet Qatar continues to be steeped in patriarchy and institutional gender discrimination. This domination finds its most visible expression in the scrutiny and regulation of women's clothing. In this article, I describe how Qatari women strategically modify, adjust, reimagine, and remove their hijabs to suit changing circumstances. These hijab micropractices—women's strategic and situational use of traditional Muslim clothing—are at times so infinitesimal they are easy to overlook. Yet they are significant because they enable Qatari women to exercise agency within the confines of clothing that is believed to signify Islamic patriarchy and female oppression. I argue that hijab micropractices are a means by which Qatari women resist these conditions, while maintaining a religious identity and commitment to family.
The challenge of inclusive coproduction: The importance of situated rituals and emotional inclusivity in the coproduction of health research projects
Authors: Clarke Jenelle , Waring Justin , Timmons Stephen
Published: November 2018

Previous studies highlight that coproduced research initiatives are influenced by how individuals interact together and that group inclusivity amongst diverse members is crucial. However, it is not fully understood how inclusivity is sustained over time, particularly through routine encounters. Our study examines how coproduction occurs through routine and ritualistic patterns of everyday practices, which have the potential to facilitate sustainable and inclusive research initiatives. Using ethnographic data with four applied health research projects, we explored how everyday rituals generate and sustain inclusivity. Informed by interactional ritual change theory, we identify two types of interlinked inclusivity: relational, individuals routinely engaging together; and emotional, the feeling of being included. The process of producing and maintaining both types requires ongoing reflexivity from members. Groups with sustained inclusivity build interpersonal momentum through situated practices that enable them to mitigate external pressures and internal disagreements. Where groups experience a breakdown in inclusivity, they also experience a loss of momentum that makes them vulnerable to disintegration and collapse. Building and sustaining inclusivity are worked out through everyday interactions and operate as a feedback loop that sustains the cohesiveness of the network and supports coproduction of knowledge.
HLA‐A*26:160, a novel variant of HLA‐A*26, discovered in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lin P. Y.
Published: November 2018

One nucleotide replacement at residue 755 of HLA‐A*26:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐A*26:160.
The Relationship Between the Organizational Change Cynicism and Organizational Commitment of Teachers
Authors: Helvaci Mehmet Akif , Kiliçoğlu Ali
Published: November 2018

Organizational change cynicism is the situation that includes negative attitudes of the employees towards the changes in the organizations. Organizational commitment means the involvement of the employees into the organizations by being identified within the organizations. The aim of this study is to determine the organizational change cynicism levels and organizational commitment levels of teachers and to find out the correlation between the organizational change cynicism levels and organizational commitment levels of teacher. 352 primary and elementary school teachers working in Denizli took part in this study. According to the research results, the organizational change cynicism level of teachers is low, the organizational commitment level is high and the correlation between organizational change cynicism and organizational commitment is high. This study is a part of master thesis with the title “Öğretmenlerde Örgütsel Değişim Sinizmi ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki” which was supported by Research Fund (2018/TP003) of Uşak University.
Social Networks as a Learning and Teaching Environment and Security in Social Networks
Authors: Tosun Nilgün
Published: November 2018

Technology is in a constantly evolving and changing structure since the existence of mankind. Because of this dynamic structure, technology fulfills a number of functions such as facilitating people's lives, time, profit from work, profit from cost, making life more enjoyable. At the same time, technology is used in all areas of life, and it also causes changes and transformations in these areas. Education is one of these areas, perhaps the most important, that technology affects. The hunter society, written with nails, made an important step with the paper's invention, and the written documents were moved from the stones to the books. The invention of computers and the internet has also opened an important milestone in human history and education. In the beginning, the course contents loaded on storage units such as floppy disks, CDs, DVDs were used by the students and teachers, computers were included in the education systems. During periods when we have not yet met with the internet, computer-assisted education has found a large place in many educational institutions and in the curriculum of education level. The development of information Technologies led to widespread use of the internet over time, and shortly thereafter examples of use in education began to increase. Computer-assisted education has also led to the rapid transition of education through internet-supported education, along with the different demands of the network society's individuals. Users are not satisfied with the internet environments where only reading authority is available, and more and more active and interacting requests have come to the agenda. Beyond reading, social networks that make it possible to comment, create content, upload/share/view images, upload video/audio files, and make video, text and voice calls have become popular for users. Social networking platforms where users interact with the environment or with other users in the environment have been attracted by the diversity of user profiles, the usage rates and durations, and the easy and versatility of accessibility. Because of these features, studies on the use of social networks in the field of education to support learning and teaching have also been accelerated and diversified. Social networks can also contain some security issues because they are huge platforms where billions of users are together. Having information about security issues as little as possible, what to do when they are encountered is important for the continuity of learning and teaching. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of social networks, education, learning and teaching influences, possible security threats to be encountered in social networks, and measures to be taken. It is hoped that working in this context will shed light on the work of learners, teachers and decision makers on the subject.
Teacher Candidates’ Anxieties Regarding Facebook Usage in Education
Authors: Ramazanoğlu Mehmet , Toytok Esef Hakan
Published: November 2018

The aim of this research is to determine the anxiety levels of teacher candidates regarding Facebook usage in education and analyse it according to various variables. In the research, descriptive survey model was used which is one of the quantitative research methods. The population of the research includes 184 teacher candidates who are receiving education in the Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies Education of Siirt University Faculty of Education in 2017-2018 academic year. Since the population is accessible, no attempt has been made for sampling. Facebook Usage Anxiety in Education (FUAE) scale was used as data collection inventory in the study. According to results obtained in the research; it was seen that the anxiety levels of teacher candidates were high while using Facebook, Facebook usage anxiety had no significant difference with respect to class and age independent variables; however, there was a meaningful difference with respect to gender independent variable.
Integration of physical activity in reablement for community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mjøsund Hanne Leirbekk , Burton Elissa , Moe Cathrine F. , Uhrenfeldt Lisbeth
Published: November 2018

Objective:

The objectives of this scoping review are to map existing evidence of how physical activity strategies are integrated and explored in studies of reablement for community-dwelling older adults and to identify knowledge gaps.

Introduction:

Reablement is a home-based interdisciplinary practice that aims to improve function and independence among persons receiving home care services. There is insufficient knowledge of what constitutes reablement and how it affects older adults’ function and independence. Physical activity is known to influence older adults’ function, but it is unclear how physical activity is integrated into reablement interventions.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies that investigate or explore multidisciplinary and time-limited (less than six months) reablement for community-dwelling older adults. There will be no restrictions regarding study design. Studies focusing on professionals working with reablement and carers of reablement participants will also be included. Studies focusing on persons who need end-of-life care or on reablement provided in long-term care facilities or housing arrangements with 24-hour care will be excluded.

Methods:

PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, PEDro, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar will be searched for studies published from 1996. Studies published in English, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and German will be considered for inclusion. Study selection will be performed independently by two reviewers, and data will be extracted by two reviewers using predefined data charting forms. Data will be presented in a narrative summary.
Feature Specific Assessment of Time History Signals by Objective Evaluation and Subject Matter Expert Opinion
Authors: Scott Gayzik F. , Davis Matthew L. , Koya Bharath , Schap Jeremy M. , Hsu Fang-Chi
Published: November 2018

Objective evaluation (OE) methods provide quantitative insight into how well time history data from computational models match data from physical systems. Two feature specific techniques commonly used for this purpose are cora and the ISO/TS 18571 standards. These ostensibly objective techniques have differences in their algorithms that lead to discrepancies when interpreting their results. The objectives of this study were (1) to apply both techniques to a dataset from a computational model, and compare the scores and (2) conduct a survey of subject matter experts (SMEs) to determine which OE method compares more consistently with SME interpretation. The GHBMC male human model was used in simulations of biomechanics experiments, producing 58 time history curves. Because both techniques produce scores based on specific features of the signal comparison (phase, size, and shape), 174 pairwise comparisons were made. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the two OE methods for each component rating metric. SMEs (n = 40) surveyed scored how well the computational traces matched the experiments for the three rating metrics. SME interpretation was found to statistically agree with the ISO shape and phase metrics, but was significantly different from the ISO size rating. SME interpretation agreed with the cora size rating. The findings suggest that when possible, engineers should use a mixed approach to reporting objective ratings, using the ISO shape and phase methods, and size methods of cora. We recommend to weight metrics greatest to least for shape, phase, and size. Given the general levels of agreement observed and the sample size, the results require a nuanced interpretation.
Natural-frequency splitting of a guitar string caused by a non-uniform magnetic field
Authors: Feinberg Jack , Yang Bingen
Published: November 2018

A magnet can affect the vibration of the metal strings in a musical instrument. Here it is shown that a magnetic field can cause splitting of a metal guitar string's normally degenerate transverse vibration modes, leading to a beat note in the resulting sound. A distributed-spring model accurately predicts the natural frequencies of a vibrating guitar string in the non-uniform magnetic field.
Molecular fossils from phytoplankton reveal secular
P
co
2
trend over the Phanerozoic
Authors: Witkowski Caitlyn R. , Weijers Johan W. H. , Blais Brian , Schouten Stefan , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S.
Published: November 2018

Fossil remains from algae are used to reconstruct 500 million years of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
Cartilage-penetrating nanocarriers improve delivery and efficacy of growth factor treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Geiger Brett C. , Wang Sheryl , Padera Robert F. , Grodzinsky Alan J. , Hammond Paula T.
Published: November 2018

A charged molecular carrier enables sustained growth factor delivery to cartilage, demonstrating therapeutic benefit in a rat model of osteoarthritis.
Gene therapy reduces Parkinson’s disease symptoms by reorganizing functional brain connectivity
Authors: Niethammer Martin , Tang Chris C. , Vo An , Nguyen Nha , Spetsieris Phoebe , Dhawan Vijay , Ma Yilong , Small Michael , Feigin Andrew , During Matthew J. , Kaplitt Michael G. , Eidelberg David
Published: November 2018

A polysynaptic brain circuit in patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with AAV2-
GAD
gene therapy correlates with improvement in motor symptoms.
In Vitro
Activity of Omadacycline against
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Authors: Kohlhoff Stephan A. , Huerta Natalia , Hammerschlag Margaret R.
Published: November 2018

The
in vitro
activities of omadacycline, azithromycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin were tested against 15 isolates of
Chlamydia pneumoniae
. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90% of the isolates of
C. pneumoniae
were inhibited by omadacycline was 0.25 μg/ml (range, 0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml).
The Intestinal Microbiota of Hermetia illucens Larvae Is Affected by Diet and Shows a Diverse Composition in the Different Midgut Regions
Authors: Bruno Daniele , Bonelli Marco , De Filippis Francesca , Di Lelio Ilaria , Tettamanti Gianluca , Casartelli Morena , Ercolini Danilo , Caccia Silvia
Published: November 2018

The demand for food of animal origin is expected to increase by 2050. Since traditional protein sources for monogastric diets are failing to meet the increasing demand for additional feed production, there is an urgent need to find alternative protein sources. The larvae of
Hermetia illucens
emerge as efficient converters of low-quality biomass into nutritionally valuable proteins. Many studies have been performed to optimize
H. illucens
mass rearing on a number of organic substrates and to quantitatively and qualitatively maximize the biomass yield. On the contrary, although the insect microbiota can be fundamental for bioconversion processes and its characterization is mandatory also for safety aspects, this topic is largely overlooked. Here, we provide an in-depth study of the microbiota of
H. illucens
larval midgut, taking into account pivotal aspects, such as the midgut spatial and functional regionalization, as well as microbiota and nutrient composition of the feeding substrate.
To what extent are GCS and AVPU equivalent to each other when assessing the level of consciousness of children with head injury? A cross-sectional study of UK hospital admissions.
Authors: Nuttall Amy GL , Paton Katie M , Kemp Alison M
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate utility and equivalence of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) scale in children with head injury.

Design

Cross sectional study.

Setting

UK hospital admissions: September 2009–February 2010.

Patients

<15 years with head injury.

Interventions

GCS and/or AVPU at injury scene and in emergency departments (ED).

Main outcome

Measures used, the equivalence of AVPU to GCS, GCS at the scene predicting GCS in ED, CT results by age, hospital type.

Results

Level of consciousness was recorded in 91% (5168/5700) in ED (43%: GCS/30.5%: GCS+AVPU/17.3%: AVPU) and 66.1% (1190/1801) prehospital (33%: GCS/26%GCS+AVPU/7%: AVPU). Failure to record level of consciousness and the use of AVPU were greatest for infants. Correlation between AVPU and median GCS in 1147 children <5 years: A=15, V=14, P=8, U=3, for 1163 children ≥5 years: A=15, V=13, P=11, U=3. There was no significant difference in the proportion of infants who had a CT whether AVPU=V/P/U or GCS<15. However diagnostic yield of intracranial injury or depressed fracture was significantly greater for V/P/U than GCS<15 :7/7: 100% (95% CI 64.6% to 100%) versus 5/17: 29.4% (95% CI 13.3% to 53.1%). For children >1 year significantly more had a CT scan when GCS<14 was recorded than ‘V/P/U only’ and the diagnostic yield was greater. Prehospital GCS and GCS in the ED were the same for 77.4% (705/911).

Conclusion

There was a clear correlation between Alert and GCS=15 and between Unresponsive and GCS=3 but a wider range of GCS scores for responsive to Pain or Voice that varied with age. AVPU was valuable at initial assessment of infants and did not adversely affect the proportion of infants who had head CT or the diagnostic yield.
Qualitative study exploring the factors influencing physical therapy management of early knee osteoarthritis in Canada
Authors: MacKay Crystal , Hawker Gillian A , Jaglal Susan B
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Increasingly, there is emphasis on identifying and initiating treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in the early phases of the disease. This study aimed to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to managing clients with early knee OA and the contextual factors affecting implementation of care by physical therapists (PTs).

Design

Qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews with 33 PTs. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using thematic analysis.

Setting

Canada.

Participants

A purposive sample of PTs who managed clients with knee symptoms and/or diagnosed knee OA in community/outpatient settings in three provinces in Canada (Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia).

Results

Factors that affected physical therapy management of early knee OA were identified at four levels: the community, healthcare system, healthcare provider and client level. Some healthcare provider factors acted primarily as enablers of management, such as PTs’ confidence in their ability to manage perceived early knee OA, PTs’ beliefs about consequences of OA and the PT scope of practice. However, the study illuminated a range of modifiable factors that can act as barriers to management. These factors included access to services in the community and healthcare system; healthcare provider factors such as time, access to evidence and physician’s role in referrals and messaging; and client factors related to client characteristics (eg, general health, socioeconomic status), engagement in management and beliefs about OA.

Conclusion

These findings provide us with a basis to begin to address specific barriers and to optimise care for early knee OA.
Dealing with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy in dogs
Authors: Holm Laura , Walker David
Published: November 2018

Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) is a disease of dogs, first reported in racing greyhounds in the USA during the 1980s. The disease causes erosive to ulcerative skin lesions, predominantly affecting the limbs, ventrum and oral cavity; however, a proportion of dogs develop more severe systemic abnormalities, including thrombocytopenia, anaemia and acute kidney injury. The disease was first reported in the UK in 2000, in a single pet greyhound. Since 2012, over 160 cases of CRGV have been confirmed in a wide range of dog breeds; no age or bodyweight predilection has been identified. To date, the cause of CRGV in dogs remains unknown. This article provides a review of the history and clinical signs and advises practitioners on the current approaches to dealing with the condition.
Dealing with dogs that bite
Authors: Coghlan Simon
Published: November 2018

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.

In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Dealing with dogs that bite’, was submitted and is discussed by Simon Coghlan. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.

The series is being coordinated by Dr Steven McCulloch, acting director of the Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Winchester. It aims to provide a framework that will help practising veterinarians find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
General twisting of ϕ1-coordinated modules of nonlocal vertex algebras
Authors: Sun Jiancai
Published: November 2018

We introduce a notion of [Formula: see text]-coordinated module twistor for a [Formula: see text]-coordinated module of a nonlocal vertex algebra. Furthermore, we study twisted tensor products and L-R-twisted tensor products of [Formula: see text]-coordinated modules of nonlocal vertex algebras and we unify these two constructions by [Formula: see text]-coordinated module twistors.
Quantum reflections, random walks and cut-off
Authors: Freslon Amaury
Published: November 2018

We study the cut-off phenomenon for random walks on free unitary quantum groups coming from quantum conjugacy classes of classical reflections. We obtain in particular a quantum analogue of the result of U. Porod concerning certain mixtures of reflections. We also study random walks on quantum reflection groups and more generally on free wreath products of finite groups by quantum permutation groups.
Phase transition of AdS–Schwarzschild black hole and gauge theory dual in the presence of external string cloud
Authors: Dey Tanay K.
Published: November 2018

We study the thermodynamics of AdS–Schwarzschild black hole in the presence of an external string cloud. We observe that, at any temperature, the black hole configuration is stable with nonzero entropy. We further notice that when the value of the curvature constant equals to one, if the string cloud density has less than a critical value, within a certain range of temperature three black holes configurations exist. One of these black holes is unstable and other two are stable. At a critical temperature, a transition between these two stable black holes takes place which leads us to conclude that the bound state of quark and antiquark pairs may not exist. By studying the corresponding dual gauge theory, we confirm the instability of the bound state of quark and antiquark pair in the dual gauge theory.
The qq-bit (I): Central limits with left q-Jordan–Wigner embeddings, monotone interacting Fock space, Azema random variable, probabilistic meaning of q
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Lu Yun-Gang
Published: November 2018

The [Formula: see text]-bit is the [Formula: see text]-deformation of the [Formula: see text]-bit. It arises canonically from the quantum decomposition of Bernoulli random variables and the [Formula: see text]-parameter has a natural probabilistic and physical interpretation as asymmetry index of the given random variable. The connection between a new type of [Formula: see text]-deformation (generalizing the Hudson–Parthasarathy bosonization technique and different from the usual one) and the Azema martingale was established by Parthasarathy. Inspired by this result, Schürmann first introduced left and right [Formula: see text]-JW-embeddings of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] complex matrices) into the infinite tensor product [Formula: see text], proved central limit theorems (CLT) based on these embeddings in the context of ∗-bi-algebras and constructed a general theory of [Formula: see text]-Levy processes on ∗-bi-algebras. For [Formula: see text], left [Formula: see text]-JW-embeddings define the Jordan–Wigner transformation, used to construct a tensor representation of the Fermi anti-commutation relations (bosonization). For [Formula: see text], they reduce to the usual tensor embeddings that were at the basis of the first quantum CLT due to von Waldenfels. The present paper is the first of a series of four in which we study these theorems in the tensor product context. We prove convergence of the CLT for all [Formula: see text]. The moments of the limit random variable coincide with those found by Parthasarathy in the case [Formula: see text]. We prove that the space where the limit random variable is represented is not the Boson Fock space, as in Parthasarathy, but the monotone Fock space in the case [Formula: see text] and a non-trivial deformation of it for [Formula: see text]. The main analytical tool in the proof is a non-trivial extension of a recently proved multi-dimensional, higher order Cesaro-type theorem. The present paper deals with the standard CLT, i.e. the limit is a single random variable. Paper1 deals with the functional extension of this CLT, leading to a process. In paper2 the left [Formula: see text]-JW–embeddings are replaced by symmetric [Formula: see text]-embeddings. The radical differences between the results of the present paper and those of2 raise the problem to characterize those CLT for which the limit space provides the canonical decomposition of all the underlying classical random variables (see the Introduction, Lemma 4.5 and Sec. 5 of the present paper for the origin of this problem). This problem is solved in the paper3 for CLT associated to states satisfying a generalized Fock property. The states considered in this series have this property.
THAT MAKES SENSE TO ME: OPENNESS TO CHANGE AND SENSEMAKING IN IDEA SCREENING
Authors: SUKHOV ALEXANDRE , SIHVONEN ANTTI , OLSSON LARS E. , MAGNUSSON PETER R.
Published: November 2018

This study examines how a person’s sense of identity (expressed in terms of openness to change vs. conservation) influences the way in which they screen early ideas for innovation projects. To study this, we recruited 20 experts from a leading IT-consultancy firm to individually evaluate and comment on 12 R&D project ideas. This data was then analysed by using a configurational approach (fsQCA) to understand how different experts combine various evaluation dimensions together to make sense of and decide on the goodness of an idea. The findings show that experts who are open to change view ideas as opportunities and approach idea screening as a generative process, while conservative experts are more reserved in their idea screening activities.
Development of a mathematical model for gas migration (two-phase flow) in natural and engineered barriers for radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Dagher E. E. , Nguyen T. S. , Infante Sedano J. A.
Published: November 2018

In a deep geological repository (DGR) for the long-term containment of radioactive waste, gases could be generated through a number of processes. If gas production exceeds the containment capacity of the engineered barriers or host rock, these gases could migrate through these barriers and potentially expose people and the environment to radioactivity. Expansive soils, such as bentonite-based materials, are currently the preferred choice of seal materials. Understanding the long-term performance of these seals as barriers against gas migration is an important component in the design and long-term safety assessment of a DGR. This study proposes a hydro-mechanical linear poro-elastic visco-capillary mathematical model for advective-diffusive controlled two-phase flow through a low-permeability expansive soil. It is based on the theoretical framework of poromechanics, incorporates Darcy's Law for both the porewater and poregas, and a modified Bishop's effective stress principle. Using the finite element method (FEM), the model was used to numerically simulate 1D flow through a low-permeability expansive soil. The results were verified against experimental results found in the current literature. Parametric studies were performed to determine the influence on the flow behaviour. Based on the results, the mathematical model looks promising and will be improved to model flow through preferential pathways.
DeepTracker
Authors: Liu Dongyu , Cui Weiwei , Jin Kai , Guo Yuxiao , Qu Huamin
Published: November 2018

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields. However, training an excellent CNN is practically a trial-and-error process that consumes a tremendous amount of time and computer resources. To accelerate the training process and reduce the number of trials, experts need to understand what has occurred in the training process and why the resulting CNN behaves as it does. However, current popular training platforms, such as TensorFlow, only provide very little and general information, such as training/validation errors, which is far from enough to serve this purpose. To bridge this gap and help domain experts with their training tasks in a practical environment, we propose a visual analytics system, DeepTracker, to facilitate the exploration of the rich dynamics of CNN training processes and to identify the unusual patterns that are hidden behind the huge amount of information in training log. Specifically, we combine a hierarchical index mechanism and a set of hierarchical small multiples to help experts explore the entire training log from different levels of detail. We also introduce a novel cube-style visualization to reveal the complex correlations among multiple types of heterogeneous training data, including neuron weights, validation images, and training iterations. Three case studies are conducted to demonstrate how DeepTracker provides its users with valuable knowledge in an industry-level CNN training process; namely, in our case, training ResNet-50 on the ImageNet dataset. We show that our method can be easily applied to other state-of-the-art “very deep” CNN models.
Menstrual cycle phase does not modulate whole body heat loss during exercise in hot, dry conditions
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Dervis Sheila , Poirier Martin P. , Kenny Glen P.
Published: November 2018

Menstrual cycle phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function. However, information pertaining to the effects of menstrual phase on time-dependent changes in whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange during exercise-induced heat stress and the specific heat load at which menstrual phase modulates whole body heat loss remained unavailable. We therefore used direct calorimetry to continuously assess whole body dry and evaporative exchange in 12 habitually active, non-endurance-trained, eumenorrheic women [21 ± 3 (SD) yr] within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal menstrual phases during three 30-min bouts of cycling at increasing fixed exercise intensities of 40% (Low), 55% (Moderate), and 70% (High) peak oxygen uptake, each followed by a 15-min recovery, in hot, dry conditions (40°C, 15% relative humidity). This model elicited equivalent rates of metabolic heat production among menstrual phases ( P = 0.80) of ~250 (Low), ~340 (Moderate), and ~430 W (High). However, dry and evaporative heat exchange and the resulting changes in net heat loss (dry ± evaporative heat exchange) were similar among phases (all P > 0.05), with net heat loss averaging 216 ± 43 (Low), 287 ± 63 (Moderate), and 331 ± 75 W (High) across phases. Accordingly, cumulative body heat storage (summation of heat production and loss) across all exercise bouts was similar among phases ( P = 0.55), averaging 464 ± 122 kJ. For some time, menstrual cycle phase has been thought to modulate heat dissipation; however, we show that menstrual cycle phase does not influence the contribution of whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in net heat loss or body heat storage, irrespective of the heat load.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Menstrual phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function in eumenorrheic women during exercise-induced heat stress. Contrary to that perception, we show that when assessed in young, non-endurance-trained women within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal phases during three incremental exercise-induced heat loads in hot, dry conditions, menstrual phase does not modify whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in body heat storage, regardless of the heat load employed.