bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pretibial myxedema: pathogenetic features and clinical aspects
Authors: Sabanova Ekaterina A. , Fadeyev Valentin V. , Potekaev Nikolai N. , Lvov Andrey N.
Published: January 2019

Pretibial myxedema (PTM) or thyroid dermopathy is a rare extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease. The condition is accompanied by mucinous skin changes, mainly in the anterior tibial surface.
Severe forms may lead to lymphatic congestion and disability. Prolonged and intense autoimmune aggression is supposed to be necessary for PTM manifestation. However, data on the role of TSHR antibodies in the development of thyroid dermopathy are very ambiguous; evidence of IGF-1 receptor involvement in the pathogenesis was reported recently.
Typically, PTM is localized on the anterior and lateral surfaces of both tibias and can be represented by diffuse, tumorous, plaque-like, or elephantiasic forms. Currently, early diagnostics involves regular preventive examination of the pretibial area. A diagnostic biopsy is indicated only in complex cases.
Maintaining euthyroidism, smoking cessation, preventing injuries, and avoiding tight shoes that disturb lymphatic drainage are measures reducing the risk of PTM in GD patients.
Currently, there are no accepted clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dermopathy. This review provides the recent scientific data on etiopathogenesis and management of patients with PTM.
Administrators’ unintentional sensegiving and system reform outcomes
Authors: Wong Lok-Sze
Published: January 2019

One popular diagnosis for the problem of inequitable educational opportunities is the need for schools and schooling systems to undergo systemic change. While research shows that leadership support is essential for implementing system reforms, critical questions remain about how leaders help shift other’s understandings and practices. Employing the theory of sensegiving, this longitudinal, multiple-case study examines how administrators help teachers and other administrators make sense of a system reform during the first two years of implementation. I found that administrator’s unintentional sensegiving complicated others’ understandings of the new system reform, which complicated implementation. Based on these findings, I introduce the concept of unintentional sensegiving to theorize how leaders can give sense in ways they do not intend, yet have large impacts on how others understand and respond to a reform. Before championing a system reform, leaders deserve opportunities to (a) become familiar with the details of that reform and system reforms in general; (b) carefully study their existing systems, including their local contexts, and consider what dynamics might be created when they implement the new reform; (c) explore how their existing systems could shift to match the design of the system reform; and (d) practice drawing on their wells of knowledge to help others shift their understandings about their practice.
The resegregation of public schools? Examining Parents Involved in practice
Authors: De Voto Craig , Wronowski Meredith L.
Published: January 2019

This study investigated the efficacy of race-neutral student assignment policies following the 2007 Supreme Court decision in Parents Involved. Highlighting one urban school district—Chicago Public Schools—we examined differences in racial composition at their elite, “selective enrollment” high schools before and after voluntary race-based policies became unconstitutional. Using repeated measures ANOVA, we found the transition from racial to socioeconomic criteria have resegregated these schools— significantly reducing African- and Asian-American enrollment. We argue the Supreme Court’s decision to strike down voluntary race-based student assignment policies has contributed to local policy changes for urban districts like Chicago, reducing minority access and opportunity.
TRANSPEDICULAR FIXATION FOR LOWER THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE INJURIES
Authors: Faryon Aleksey Olegovich , Sergeyev Konstantin Sergeyevich , Pas’Kov Roman Vladimirovich
Published: January 2019

Objective.To analyse results of surgical teratment of lower thoracic and lumbar spine injuries with transpedicular fixation alone and in combination with other types of stabilization. Material and Methods. A total of 90 patients with fractures of the spine were operated on with the help of transpedicular fixation (TPF). Out of them 35 % had stable injury, 65 % – unstable; fracture was complicated in 59 cases, uncomplicated in 31 cases. The surgical approach depended on injury type, complication absence or presence, and kyphotic deformity magnitude. Complete and incomplete comminuted uncomplicated fractures were treated with transpedicular fixation alone or in combination with posterior fusion or tunnel corporoplasty with porous NiTi granules. Complicated comminuted fractures with adjacent disc injury were treated in two stages: first stage – extended laminectomy, spinal cord anterior decompression, and transpedicular fixation, and second stage – anterior fusion simulteneously or after patient stabilization. Results. Long-term outcomes of transpedicular fixation were analysed in 50 patients in follow-up period of 1 to 5 years. The smallest loss of obtained deformity correction was observed in cases of incomplete stable comminuted fractures (4.5° ± 0.9°), the largest – in those of complete and incomplete unstable fractures (9.9° ± 0.2°), and intermediate loss – in cases of complete stable fractures (7.9° ± 1.1°). The treatment result was good in 40 patients, satisfactory in 7, and unsatisfactory – in 3. Conclusion. Primary and permanent stabilization of injured spinal motion segments in unstable complicated and uncomplicated comminuted fractures in lower thoracic and lumbar spine should be performed by means of anterio-posterior fusion.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DI SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN DAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN MELALUI PENINGKATAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Widodo Adi , Waridin Waridin , Kodoatie Johanna Maria
Published: January 2019

The purposes of this paper are (a) to illustrate patterns of development of not only publicexpenditures on education and health sectors, indicators of human development, and poverty indicators inCentral Java province, (b) to identify and analyze the role of the Human Development Index (HDI) withregards to the relationship between government spending for education and health sectors and povertyreduction in the province: whether the HDI as a moderator variable or intervening variable. The data usedwere government expenditures in education and health sectors, HDI and regional poverty rates in 35 districts /cities in Central Java, in the period of 2007 to 2008. The study suggests that (a) in general, in the year 2007 and2008, government spending patterns in education and health sectors, HDI and the percentage of the numberof poor in the regencies / cities demonstrated a positive trend. That is, the increase in government spendingon education and health sectors was followed by not only an increase in HDI but also by a decrease in thepercentage of the population is the poor. Interestingly, the study suggests that HDI was more dominant to be a“pure moderator” variable rather than to be an intervening variable. This infers that the relationship betweengovernment spending on education and health sectors and the alleviation of poverty is reinforced by the roleof HDI. Consequently, government spending on education and health sector did not by itself affect the povertyreduction directly.
PRODUKTIVITAS LAHAN DAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN BERDASARKAN STATUS PENGUASAAN LAHAN PADA USAHATANI PADI (KASUS DI KABUPATEN KENDAL PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH)
Authors: Mudakir Bagio
Published: January 2019

Ownership of farm land usually consistent to land tenure status affect to income distribution. The landtenure status are divided into owner operator, renter (cash tenant), and share-cropper operator (share tenant).The objective of this research were studied comparation of production, efficiency, and income distribution atfarming. This research analyze income distribution based on different land tenure and relationship inequalitywith poverty. This research use survey in data collecting and proportional stratified random sampling to choosesample. Analysis method and hypothesis test implement t-test and F-test from Cobb-Douglas function. Theresearch result showed efficiency and production rate of share-cropper operator was not too bad then owneroperator and renter (cash tenant). Land farm tenure has effect to income distribution, farmer who has widerland will have bigger income than other. Income inequality without other income higher than income whichinclude income outside farmer. Other income (outside farming) decrease income inequality.
Reactions of fission products from a 252Cf source with NO and mixtures of NO and CO in an inert gas
Authors: Gäggeler Heinz W. , Usoltsev Ilya , Eichler Robert
Published: January 2019

Fission products recoiling from a 252Cf spontaneous fission source were stopped in various mixtures of inert gases containing CO and NO. For the elements of the transisition metal series Mo, Tc, Ru, and Rh previous observations of pure carbonyl complexes were reproduced. However, no formation of volatile mixed nitrosyl-carbonyl complexes or pure nitrosyl complexes for these elements have been observed. Instead, efficient production of volatile nitrosyl compounds for single iodine atoms, presumably nitrosyl iodide, NOI, was detected. This observation is of interest as potential transport path for iodine in nuclear accident scenarios and as a model for radiochemistry with the recently discovered heaviest halogen tennessine (Z=117).
How Threatening are Local Sceptical Scenarios?
Authors: Schönbaumsfeld Genia
Published: January 2019

In this paper I distinguish between ‘local’ and ‘global’ forms of ‘envatment’. I show that recent envatment arguments (the ‘local’ variety) work similarly to arguments from perceptual illusion and that neither of them are able, by themselves, to get us ‘global’ scepticism. Consequently, motivating the radical sceptical idea that all of our perceptual beliefs might be false is harder than it looks.
The High Precision of Functional and Neuromuscular Measures to Classify Sarcopenia in Older Women
Authors: Miller Ryan M. , Freitas Eduardo D. S. , Heishman Aaron D. , Stone Brandon L. , Bemben Michael G.
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose:

Previous literature suggests that reductions in appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) may have a greater detrimental effect than total lean body mass regarding the onset and progression of sarcopenia. Unfortunately, limited access to equipment that accurately determines ASM often leads to many individuals remaining undiagnosed and experiencing functional decline. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the ability of functional and neuromuscular measures to identify ASM in older women.

Methods:

Forty-one (sarcopenic n = 15) older women underwent body composition analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and performed the following measures: bench press (BP) 1-repetition maximum strength (1RM), vertical jump height and power, handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test, Berg Balance Scale testing, and bench press power testing at 20%, 40%, and 60% 1RM.

Results and Discussion:

Regression analyses revealed 3 significant models accounting for 93.8%, 91.1%, and 86.4% of the variance in DXA-derived ASM. Paired-samples t tests revealed no significant differences between model-derived and DXA-derived ASM for each model, and each model was significantly correlated to DXA-derived ASM (P < .001). In addition, each model revealed a strong ability to appropriately classify sarcopenia status, with the area under the curve values ranging from 0.86 to 0.93. The present data indicate that ASM can be determined with high precision by measuring outcome variables such as jump power, body weight, and grip strength in older women.

Conclusions:

Therefore, the present models could be used to identify, screen, or classify older women as sarcopenic, ultimately allowing the implementation of interventions aimed at decreasing the difficulty of activities of daily living and increasing quality of life.
Analysis of Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of 55CrMo Steel during Induction Hardening
Authors: Li Huiping , Zhou Weilu , Liu Haijuan , Li Zhichao , He Lianfang
Published: January 2019

To optimize the parameters of induction hardening and improve the surface hardness distribution of ball screw, the effects of the induction heating temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 55CrMo steel were investigated. The specimens were heated up to 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, 950°C, 1,000°C, or 1,100°C by the induction heating power supply. Microstructural characterization of specimens was performed using an optical microscope and a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The volume fraction of the retained austenite was measured using an X-ray diffractometer. The mechanical properties were evaluated by a microhardness tester and an electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the volume fraction of martensite in the hardened specimen increases with the increasing of heating temperature. A mixed microstructure consisting of ferrite + pearlite, bainite, and martensite is produced because of the nonfully and nonuniform austenitic state of original microstructure as the heating temperature is at 800°C. A full martensite can be produced as the heating temperature is more than 850°C. The volume fraction of retained austenite in the hardened specimen is lower when the heating temperature is in the range of 850°C–950°C; nonetheless, the volume fraction of retained austenite increases, and the tensile strength of the specimen reduces with the increasing of the heating temperature when the heating temperature is more than 950°C. The 55CrMo steel has good microstructure and mechanical properties and can meet the requirements of ball screw when the induction heating temperature is in the range of 850°C–950°C.
Predictive Value of Resting Pd/Pa for Fractional Flow Reserve Assessed with Monorail Pressure Microcatheter in Real-World Practice
Authors: Koh Keng Tat , Said Asri , Chee Sin Khaw , Yen Yee Oon , Mulia Erwin , Ting Tan Chen , Eng Pbeng Francis Shu , Hui Ho Kian , Yen Voon Chi , Ling Cham Yee , Zan Khiew Ning , Mohd Amin Nor Hanim , Yean Yip Alan Fong , Kiam Ong Tiong
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to examine the diagnostic accuracy of resting time-averaged distal coronary pressure (Pd) to mean aortic pressure (Pa) ratio to predict hyperemic fractional flow reserve (FFR) and (2) to identify a resting Pd/Pa value that can preclude the need for hyperemic FFR assessed with use of a monorail pressure catheter.

Methods: A total of 191 stenoses were assessed. After exclusions, 157 FFR data sets from 103 patients were analyzed.

Results: Resting Pd/Pa showed poor agreement with hyperemic FFR (r=0.619, P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for resting Pd/Pa with reference to hyperemic FFR of 0.80 or less showed an area under the curve of 0.800 (95% confidence interval 0.732–0.868, P<0.001), with the greatest diagnostic accuracy of 74.5% for resting Pd/Pa of less than 0.85. Resting Pd/Pa of 0.96 or greater had a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%, and resting Pd/Pa of 0.82 or less had a specificity of 98.9% and a positive predictive value of 94.1% to predict abnormal FFR of 0.80 or less. These results were consistent regardless of the vessels studied, the location of lesions, and the severity of stenosis.

Conclusions: Resting Pd/Pa showed poor agreement with hyperemic FFR assessed with use of a monorail pressure microcatheter. However, resting Pd/Pa of 0.96 or greater had excellent sensitivity and negative predictive value to predict normal hyperemic FFR, and resting Pd/Pa of 0.82 or less had excellent specificity and positive predictive value to predict abnormal hyperemic FFR.
Light-Activated ROS Production Induces Synaptic Autophagy
Authors: Hoffmann Sheila , Orlando Marta , Andrzejak Ewa , Bruns Christine , Trimbuch Thorsten , Rosenmund Christian , Garner Craig C. , Ackermann Frauke
Published: January 2019

The regulated turnover of synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins is thought to involve the ubiquitin-dependent tagging and degradation through endo-lysosomal and autophagy pathways. Yet, it remains unclear which of these pathways are used, when they become activated, and whether SVs are cleared en masse together with SV proteins or whether both are degraded selectively. Equally puzzling is how quickly these systems can be activated and whether they function in real-time to support synaptic health. To address these questions, we have developed an imaging-based system that simultaneously tags presynaptic proteins while monitoring autophagy. Moreover, by tagging SV proteins with a light-activated ROS generator, Supernova, it was possible to temporally control the damage to specific SV proteins and assess their consequence to autophagy-mediated clearance mechanisms and synaptic function. Our results show that, in mouse hippocampal neurons of either sex, presynaptic autophagy can be induced in as little as 5–10 min and eliminates primarily the damaged protein rather than the SV en masse. Importantly, we also find that autophagy is essential for synaptic function, as light-activated damage to, for example, Synaptophysin only compromises synaptic function when autophagy is simultaneously blocked. These data support the concept that presynaptic boutons have a robust highly regulated clearance system to maintain not only synapse integrity, but also synaptic function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe real-time surveillance and clearance of synaptic proteins are thought to be vital to the health, functionality, and integrity of vertebrate synapses and are compromised in neurodegenerative disorders, yet the fundamental mechanisms regulating these systems remain enigmatic. Our analysis reveals that presynaptic autophagy is a critical part of a real-time clearance system at synapses capable of responding to local damage of synaptic vesicle proteins within minutes and to be critical for the ongoing functionality of these synapses. These data indicate that synapse autophagy is not only locally regulated but also crucial for the health and functionality of vertebrate presynaptic boutons.
Voltage-Dependent Membrane Properties Shape the Size But Not the Frequency Content of Spontaneous Voltage Fluctuations in Layer 2/3 Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Fernandez Fernando R. , Noueihed Jad , White John A.
Published: January 2019

Under awake and idling conditions, spontaneous intracellular membrane voltage is characterized by large, synchronous, low-frequency fluctuations. Although these properties reflect correlations in synaptic inputs, intrinsic membrane properties often indicate voltage-dependent changes in membrane resistance and time constant values that can amplify and help to generate low-frequency voltage fluctuations. The specific contribution of intrinsic and synaptic factors to the generation of spontaneous fluctuations, however, remains poorly understood. Using visually guided intracellular recordings of somatosensory layer 2/3 pyramidal cells and interneurons in awake male and female mice, we measured the spectrum and size of voltage fluctuation and intrinsic cellular properties at different voltages. In both cell types, depolarizing neurons increased the size of voltage fluctuations. Amplitude changes scaled with voltage-dependent changes in membrane input resistance. Because of the small membrane time constants observed in both pyramidal cells and interneuron cell bodies, the low-frequency content of membrane fluctuations reflects correlations in the synaptic current inputs rather than significant filtering associated with membrane capacitance. Further, blocking synaptic inputs minimally altered somatic membrane resistance and time constant values. Overall, these results indicate that spontaneous synaptic inputs generate a low-conductance state in which the amplitude, but not frequency structure, is influenced by intrinsic membrane properties.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the absence of sensory drive, cortical activity in awake animals is associated with self-generated and seemingly random membrane voltage fluctuations characterized by large amplitude and low frequency. Partially, these properties reflect correlations in synaptic input. Nonetheless, neurons express voltage-dependent intrinsic properties that can potentially influence the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous activity. Using visually guided intracellular recordings of cortical neurons in awake mice, we measured the voltage dependence of spontaneous voltage fluctuations and intrinsic membrane properties. We show that voltage-dependent changes in membrane resistance amplify synaptic activity, whereas the frequency of voltage fluctuations reflects correlations in synaptic inputs. Last, synaptic activity has a small impact on intrinsic membrane properties in both pyramidal cells and interneurons.
Errors in Action Timing and Inhibition Facilitate Learning by Tuning Distinct Mechanisms in the Underlying Decision Process
Authors: Dunovan Kyle , Verstynen Timothy
Published: January 2019

Goal-directed behavior requires integrating action selection processes with learning systems that adapt control using environmental feedback. These functions are known to intersect at a common neural substrate with multiple known targets of plasticity (the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic network), suggesting that feedback signals have a multifaceted impact on future decisions. Using a hybrid of accumulation-to-bound decision models and reinforcement learning, we modeled the performance of humans in a stop signal task where participants (N 75: 37 males, 38 females) learned the prior distribution of the timing of a stop signal through trial-and-error feedback. Changes in the drift rate of the action execution process were driven by errors in action timing, whereas adaptation in the boundary height served to increase caution following failed stops. These findings highlight two interactive learning mechanisms for adapting the control of goal-directed actions based on dissociable dimensions of feedback error.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany complex behavioral goals rely on the ability to regulate the timing of action execution while also maintaining enough control to cancel actions in response to “Stop” cues in the environment. Here we examined how these fundamental components of behavior become tuned to the control demands of the environment by combining principles of reinforcement learning with accumulation-to-bound models. Model fits to behavioral data in an adaptive stop signal task revealed two adaptive mechanisms: (1) timing error-related changes in the rate of the execution signal; and (2) an increase in the execution boundary after failed stops. These findings demonstrate unique effects of timing and control errors on the underlying mechanisms of control, the rate and threshold of accumulating action signals.
Sensory Representations Supporting Memory Specificity: Age Effects on Behavioral and Neural Discriminability
Authors: Bowman Caitlin R. , Chamberlain Jordan D. , Dennis Nancy A.
Published: January 2019

Older adults' difficulty in distinguishing between old and new information contributes to memory decline, which may occur because older adults are less likely than young adults to retrieve specific sensory details necessary to distinguish between similar items. In male and female human subjects, the present study measured the extent of age differences in the specificity of memory representations using a false memory paradigm in which studied items were linked to retrieval items at multiple levels of similarity. Older adults showed poorer behavioral discrimination than young adults, driven primarily by false recognition of lures that differed from targets only in perceptual details. Patterns of activation across several regions within ventral visual cortex could be used to distinguish between targets and lures when they differed in both perceptual details and a semantic label. However, of ventral visual regions, only signals in the midline occipital cortex could be used to distinguish targets from lures when they differed only in perceptual details. Although there was an overall age deficit for this neural discrimination in this region, the positive relationship between neural and behavioral discriminability did not differ across age groups. In contrast, age moderated the relationship between neural and behavioral discriminability in lateral occipital and fusiform cortices, suggesting that activation patterns within these regions represent different types of information in each age group. Therefore, the quality of perceptual signals is a key contributor to memory discrimination across age groups, with evidence that age differences in the nature of representations emerges outside early visual cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAge-related memory decline is due in part to older adults' difficulties in discriminating between old and new information. We tested whether this deficit arises from lack of specificity in the sensory representations underlying older adults' recognition judgments. Using pattern classification analyses in ventral visual cortices, we found that signals in a region early in the visual stream could distinguish between targets and lures at the highest level of similarity. The discriminability of targets and lures in this region was positively related to behavioral discriminability across age groups despite an overall age deficit in classification accuracy. Together, results showed that older adults' memory deficits are related to reduced discriminability of cognitive processes (old/new recognition) in portions of visual cortex.
Adverse reproductive outcomes associated with fetal alcohol exposure: a systematic review
Authors: Akison L K , Moritz K M , Reid N
Published: January 2019

Fetal alcohol exposure results in well-characterised neurobehavioural deficits in offspring, which form the basis for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. However, there is increasing interest in the full range of health complications that can arise in children and adults with this disorder. We used a systematic review approach to locate all clinical and preclinical studies across a broad range of health outcomes in offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol. Our search encompassed four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science) and titles/abstracts from retrieved studies were screened against strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. This review specifically evaluated studies reporting on reproductive outcomes in both males and females. A total of 23 studies were included, 5 clinical and 18 preclinical. Although there was a wide range in the quality of reporting across both clinical and preclinical studies, and variable results, trends emerged amongst the reproductive measures that were investigated. In females, most studies focussed on age at first menarche/puberty onset, with evidence for a significant delay in alcohol-exposed offspring. In males, offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol had altered testosterone levels, reduced testes and accessory gland weights and reduced sperm concentration and semen volume. However, further studies are required due to the paucity of clinical studies, the narrow scope of female reproductive outcomes examined and inconsistencies in outcomes across preclinical studies. We recommend that adolescents and individuals of reproductive age diagnosed with f-etal alcohol spectrum disorder be assessed for reproductive dysfunction to allow appropriate management of their reproductive health and fertility.
La investigación en la educación
Authors: Aparicio Gómez Oscar Yecid , Abadía García Constanza
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo pretende describir y analizar el proceso de introducción de la investigación como eje educativo de las TIC en una Institución Educativa del Municipio de Chía. La Institución Educativa, siguiendo la triple dimensión de su Proyecto Educativo Institucional, esto es: Investigación, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, decidió designar el 20% destinado a las áreas complementarias u optativas, para establecer la asignatura “Metodología de la Investigación” con una hora semanal de sesenta minutos en todos los grados escolares, desde Preescolar hasta Educación Media Académica (Prejardín a Décimo grado), Igualmente, decidió crear espacios académicos específicos para “Grupos de Investigación” con una hora semanal de sesenta minutos. Los Grupos de Investigación se ofrecen en las tres secciones escolares: Educación Preescolar, Educación Básica Primaria (de Primer grado a Quinto grado), Educación Básica Secundaria y Media Académica. Preescolar dispone de un Grupo de Investigación orientado por las tutoras y que versa sobre un tema de interés específico de su edad. Las secciones de Educación Básica Primaria y Educación Básica Secundaria y Media Académica, disponen de cinco grupos cada una: Matemáticas, Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias  Sociales, Lengua Castellana e Idioma Extranjero (inglés). Los estudiantes de cada sección pueden elegir el grupo al que desean pertenecer según estas cinco propuestas, y comparten el Proyecto de Investigación con los compañeros de su sección que comparten el mismo tema de interés.
Identification of Gene Variants Associated with Melanocyte Stem Cell Differentiation in Mice Predisposed for Hair Graying
Authors: Fialkowski Allison C , Levy Denise J , Watkins-Chow Dawn E , Palmer Joseph W , Darji Roshan , Tiwari Hemant K , Pavan William J , Harris Melissa L
Published: January 2019

Age-related hair graying is caused by malfunction in the regenerative potential of the adult pigmentation system. The retention of hair color over the life of an organism is dependent on the ability of the melanocyte stem cells and their progeny to produce pigment each time a new hair grows. Age-related hair graying is variable in association with genetic background suggesting that quantitative trait loci influencing this trait can be identified. Identification of these quantitative trait loci may lead to the discovery of novel and interesting genes involved in stem cell biology and/or melanogenesis. With this in mind we developed previously a sensitized, mouse modifier screen and discovered that the DBA/1J background is particularly resistant to melanocyte stem cell differentiation in comparison to the C57BL/6J background. Melanocyte stem cell differentiation generally precedes hair graying and is observed in melanocyte stem cells with age. Using quantitative trait loci analysis, we have now identified three quantitative trait loci on mouse chromosomes 7, 13, and X that are associated with DBA/1J-mediated variability in melanocyte stem cell differentiation. Taking advantage of publicly-available mouse sequence and variant data, in silico protein prediction programs, and whole genome gene expression results we describe a short list of potential candidate genes that we anticipate to be involved in melanocyte stem cell biology in mice.
The public plate in the transnational city: Tensions among food procurement, global trade and local legislation
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Lapalme Hayley
Published: January 2019

Local food systems are crucial to sustainability, and one of the most effective ways to develop them is to harness the buying power of large public institutions, such as hospitals and universities.  Steering public funds toward local food systems, however, is not as easy as it might appear.  Institutions must navigate a maze of regulations that can become significant barriers to effecting change.  In Ontario, for example, public institutions are squeezed between two contradictory policies: the Broader Public Sector Directive, which mandates a level playing field and prohibits preferential buying based on geography, and the Local Food Act, which aims to increase the consumption of local food (with a specific focus on procurement in Ontario public institutions) and to foster successful and resilient local food economies and systems.  Adding to this tension, global trade treaties are drilling down to the local level, proscribing preferential procurement of local food as “protectionist” and a barrier to trade. 

 

Public institutions are caught in the middle, wanting to purchase more local products but unwilling to risk reprisals.  This paper investigates these tensions by reporting on a recent study of institutional buyers and government officials in the Toronto area to understand more thoroughly these barriers to operationalizing a local food system, while recognizing that sustainable food systems require a judicious combination of ‘local and green’ and ‘global and fair’ (Morgan 2008).
Bodies, Bollywood and Bond. The evolving image of secret agents in Hindi spy thrillers inspired by the 007 franchise
Authors: Lipka-Chudzik Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

Independent researcherIn the 1960s, after the international commercial success of the James Bond films, many imitations and parodies of the original were made in different parts of the world. In India popular Hindi films were also inspired by the 007 franchise, beginning with the action thriller Farz in 1967. From then on a new genre was formed in the Bombay cinema: Hindi Bond films. These derivative productions were deliberately created to replicate the plot formula and narrative structure of the original Bond series. They underwent considerable development from cheap, amateurish B-movies to big budget commercial hits such as Ek Tha Tiger in 2012. Also the leading characters in Hindi Bond films, the secret agents of the Indian police and intelligence, evolved from the innocent, happy-go-lucky youngsters in the 1960s into the tough, world-weary men of action in the 2010s. One of the most important factors of this gradual change is the way the heroes’ bodies were shown on screen. The focus on the esthetics, the musculature, the physical abilities and sex appeal of the Bombay Bonds was different in every decade. This article concentrates on the evolution of Hindi Bond films: the genre as well as the leading characters.
KŪRYBINĖ BIBLIOFILIJOS ERDVĖ LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOJE (1930–1940)
Authors: BRAZIŪNIENĖ ALMA
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the bibliophilism in Lithuania in 1930–1940. On the basis of publications, archyve material and oral history sources some aspects of the creative self-expression of bibliophiles are analysed (bibliophiles sensu stricto and book lovers). The analysis of private libraries of the most prominent bibliophiles and book lovers of that period (V. Biržiška’, A. Janulaitis’, K. Jablonskis’, V. Steponaitis’, P. Jakštas’, Vaižgantas’, P. Galaunė’, V. Burkevičius’, V. Daumantas’, A. Mošinskis’, J. Šaulys’ and others) leads to a conlusion that some favourable conditions for the spread of bibliophilism appeared in Lithuania before the II World War. The attention of the cultural politic of Lithuania of that time was focused away from the elite culture and was concentrated to the folk culture, but an elite stile of bibliophilism and the lifestyle of bibliophiles themselves was actualy cultivated too. The members of the Society of 27 Book Lovers, which functioned in Kaunas in 1930–1940, had started bibliophilic activities in line with Western bibliophilic images. The historical distance between actual folk culture and aristocratic culture caused that Lithuanian bibliophilic life of that time and activity of the Society of 27 Book Lovers were very secluded.
VILHELMAS ŽANAS BURKEVIČIUS – KNYGOS VEIKĖJAS
Authors: GAIDAMAVIČIŪTĖ GERTRŪDA
Published: January 2019

Bibliophilia is the important part of the national culture, but the history of Lithuanian bibliophilia was not studied enough yet. In this work the activity of book collector Vilhelmas Žanas Burkevičius is examined. The tasks of this work is to analyse his works (also published or not). The analysis of activity of V. Ž. Burkevičius confirmes the supposition that the character of his activity reflects basic tendencies of the first half of XXth century bibliophilia. His work was influenced by complicated and contradictory conditions of Lithuanian political and cultural life. His bibliophilical interests reflected his proffesional and personal interests. V. Ž. Burkevičius harmonized his bibliophilical activity with the activity of book science: wrote some works on press, book culture and the history of bibliophilia. In his works he talked about the script in the times of the ban of the press, the history and organization of various libraries (public and personal), the history of Lithuanian bibliophilical society XXVII knygos mėgėjai. V. Ž. Burkevičius described the history and structure of his own personal library. He was also interested in the place of the book in modern society. V. Ž. Burkevičius considered that the book is going to die because of more improved information technologies (then it was radio). This sentence is often repeated and nowadays in due to television and computer technologies. Continuing this work is very important to make complete descriptions of the funds of private libraries, because only this can give the rich material for the history of the bibliophilia in Lithuania.
DOKUMENTOTYROS VIETA MOKSLŲ SISTEMOJE
Authors: ZINKEVIČIENĖ JULIJA
Published: January 2019

The documents preserve the social experience of the humanity and, thus, provide concentrated knowledge to the society and individuals, help to transfer experience to the future generations. The goal of the article is to analyze the documentation (research) as an interdisciplinary branch of science and study area, its place and role within the system of communication and informatikon sciences. The main attention should be focused on the influence of the archival research and its interaction with other branches. The documentation research is a basic discipline that helps to transfer a complex of general theoretical knowledge in educating the bachelors of information and communication science. Without regard to a chosen direction of studies, each student has to acquire knowledge about a document and documentary communication. They have to be able to understand different concepts of a document that are used abroad and our country. The definition and place of documentation research is an important issue discussed by the scientists. During the last 10–15 years it turned into a general university discipline taught in many departments of humanities and social sciences abroad. The quick spread and development of documentation research has instigated discussions about its place within the system of sciences. As an autonomous branch of science documentation research has a place among other branches within the system of communication and information sciences. It investigates the stucture, atributes, and functions of a document. The document becomes a general concept in communication and informatikon sciences. That allows us to treat documentation research as an interdisciplinary branch of science.
ŠIUOLAIKINIS LIETUVOS KOMIKSAS (1990–2005)
Authors: BUGAILIŠKIENĖ JURGITA
Published: January 2019

This article analyses and summarizes the contemporary comic books and magazines, released in Lithuania during the year 1990–2005. It includes the original Lithuanian, foreign comics, published in Lithuania and the translations from foreign languages. The main tasks of the article are: to analyse the conception of the comics, to explain the term; to know the comic books and magazines de visu, to make the origins index; to explore the tipology of Lithuanian comics according to the maid index (compare comics genres for different contingent of readers, comics features, reveal the content of comics and their communicating characteristics). There were used document analysis, comparative and the method of questionnaire to get the material for the article. There was set the conclusion, that todays society forms a new look to the comics. Comics become valuable for their ability to sense some sort of ideas and traditions. Comics can be called a medium because of their original form. This form come step by step, from one panel satyrical picture to the series of pictures with one plot. Sequence is one of the leading elements of the comics structure. Entertaining and pleasure comics are the most common in Lithuania. Comics in Lithuania are ascribable to childrens literature. The most popular genres in Lithuania among young readers are: journey-adventure comics, comics about rollicking animals, superhero, action comics, detective and fantastic stories. All this genres belong to the spare time comics tipe. There also are comics for learning and spiritual enlightenment in Lithuania. The young readers are interested in entertaining and game functions of comics. Children read comics because of their humour, because they see the reflection of the society in comics and can actualize their imagination. Comics for children are laconic and clear. They use more pictures than text. Comics completeness is conditioned by reality, the fine arts and literary thing combination. Each of them is knowable through the senses, thinking and imagination.
LIETUVIŲ IŠEIVIJOS KATALIKŲ IR LIBERALŲ IDEOLOGINIŲ SROVIŲ ARCHYVINIS PAVELDAS: AKTUALUMAS IR PRIEINAMUMAS
Authors: DAPKUTĖ DAIVA , BUČINSKYTĖ ILONA
Published: January 2019

Lithuanian culture facing the challenge of globalization carries an actual ambition of integration the Lithuanian emigrants’ heritage. The archival foundation is a part of it. The great interest in the culture, history and experiences of Lithuanian emigration emerged when Lithuania gained it’s independence in 1990. Now these days are gone. Only narrow circles of academic and public society still concern about the fate of Lithuanian emigration’s heritage.This paper deals with the archival foundation of two main Lithuanian ideological movements, which flourished among Lithuanian émigré after World War II. The problems of storage, relevance and access are discussed.Since the end of the 19th century the Lithuanian ideological landscape has been shaped by the movements of Catholic or liberal orientation. The clash between Catholic and liberal ideological trends increased during the period of the first Lithuanian Republic (1918–1940) and especially during the years of anti-Nazi resistAbstractance. The conflict of the ideologically orientated Catholics and liberals reached its peak during the years of emigration.The research points that despite the ideological disagreement the fate of the archival foundation of two Lithuanian emigration ideological movements is similar. During the years of action most of the ideological institutions’ didn’t pay special attention to the systematic storage of the archival foundation. It should be stated that the archival foundation of two Lithuanian emigration ideological movements is dispersed in the archival institutions in Lithuania and abroad and in the variety of personal archives. The materials kept in the archival institutions are available for the academics and public. The access to the archival documents kept in personal archives could be complicated. However, the fate of the private archives is the question of the ultimate concern. The death of the archive keeper often means the loss of an important and valuable historical and cultural material.
ESTŲ IŠEIVIJOS SPAUDOS PAVELDAS: TALINO UNIVERSITETO AKADEMINĖS BIBLIOTEKOS ESTŲ IŠEIVIJOS LITERATŪROS CENTRAS
Authors: VALMAS ANNE
Published: January 2019

Academic Library of Tallinn UniversityRävala Ave 10, 15042 Tallinn, EstoniaE-mail: anne.valmas@tlulib.eeFor almost a half-century creative works by Estonians abroad were unknown and inaccessible in the homeland. Exile literature was stored away in the special collections departments of libraries. In 1972, it was decided to set up a special collections department at the ESSR Academy of Sciences Library of the time, which from 1974 onwards could be accessed by a limited group of readers on the basis of special permits. The situation changed in 1988–1989, when the use of the special collections was freed of restrictions. From that time on, the collections were rapidly increased due to book donations by the Estonians abroad. As a result of the steady effort of Academic Library of Tallinn University, the collection of expatriate Estonian literature has become the most complete one of its kind in Estonia, containing over 5000 book titles and over 600 journal titles. The collection contains over 31 thousand published items.The databases have been instrumental to reference activities, conducted by the Centre of Estonian Exile Literature. They are regularly used in the day-to-day work and provide information on the content of the collections. The referred databases are available on the web site of Academic Library of Tallinn University. Collections of expatriate Estonian literature are available in the archives of expatriate Estonians throughout the world as well as in Estonian libraries. In the interests of better preservation, microfilms and digital copies are now prepared from newspapers, which are available on the web site of National Library of Estonia.
DEBIUTUOJANTIS RAŠYTOJAS LIETUVOS KNYGŲ RINKOJE
Authors: GRINIŪTĖ ILONA
Published: January 2019

The object of the article is the publishing of first-time authors’ books in Lithuania. The aim of the work was to explore the situation of first-time authors in the Lithuanian book market in 1990–2009 and to reveal its main problems. The tasks of the work were to define the conception of first-time author, to explore his role and its changes in the Lithuanian publishing market, to determine the ways of selecting of first-time literature books, to study the features of first-time book publishing and marketing, and to reveal the problems the publishers face in Lithuania.Analysis of literature sources and interviews has shown that first-time authors are essential for the publishers as professional writers. Furthermore, it has been discovered that there is a great demand of first-time books in the market. However, it has encouraged the development of graphomania, i.e. the writing of literarily worthless books. For this particular reason, it is important to distinguish between professional and talented first-time authors and graphomaniac writers. Besides, the work shows that the present situation of first-time book publishing is extremely related to a strong competition among the writers and to competition for publishing houses and readers. As a result, the literature is getting more and more dependent on the reader’s influence. On the one hand, such literature creates a higher level of trust between the writer and his reader; on the other hand, it strengthens the commercial side of first-time book publishing.First-time books are being produced by the bigger number of Lithuanian publishing houses. The majority of publishers produce individual first-time books while the others publish series of such books which require more effort and time constraint. Also, such books are being published by both large and small publishing companies, and the financial risk is partly transferred to national or private institutions. In addition, it has been noticed that publishers do not attempt to find or pull new authors and do not use the wide possibilities of literature festivals and contests. The research of a specific case has revealed the fact that it is not necessary to promote big advertising campaigns or use extraordinary marketing actions and money to successfully publish a first-time book. Most important are a close cooperation between the author and his publisher during the whole publishing process and, of course, a professionally written book.