bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated transcriptome and epigenome analysis identifies a novel candidate gene for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jia Jinping , Parikh Hemang , Xiao Wenming , Hoskins Jason W , Pflicke Holger , Liu Xuelu , Collins Irene , Zhou Weiyin , Wang Zhaoming , Powell John , Thorgeirsson Snorri S , Rudloff Udo , Petersen Gloria M , Amundadottir Laufey T
Published: September 2013

Background

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal cancer with limited diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Methods

To begin to explore the genomic landscape of pancreatic cancer, we used massively parallel sequencing to catalog and compare transcribed regions and potential regulatory elements in two human cell lines derived from normal and cancerous pancreas.

Results

By RNA-sequencing, we identified 2,146 differentially expressed genes in these cell lines that were enriched in cancer related pathways and biological processes that include cell adhesion, growth factor and receptor activity, signaling, transcription and differentiation. Our high throughput Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequence analysis furthermore identified over 100,000 regions enriched in epigenetic marks, showing either positive (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, RNA Pol II) or negative (H3K27me3) correlation with gene expression. Notably, an overall enrichment of RNA Pol II binding and depletion of H3K27me3 binding were seen in the cancer derived cell line as compared to the normal derived cell line. By selecting genes for further assessment based on this difference, we confirmed enhanced expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in two larger sets of pancreatic cancer cell lines and in tumor tissues as compared to normal derived tissues.

Conclusions

As aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a key feature of cancer stem cells, our results indicate that a member of the ALDH superfamily,ALDH1A3, may be upregulated in pancreatic cancer, where it could mark pancreatic cancer stem cells.
Prenatal diagnosis and post-mortem examination in a fetus with thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome due to compound heterozygosity for a 1q21.1 microdeletion and a RBM8A hypomorphic allele: a case report
Authors: Bottillo Irene , Castori Marco , De Bernardo Carmelilia , Fabbri Romano , Grammatico Barbara , Preziosi Nicoletta , Scassellati Giovanna Sforzolini , Silvestri Evelina , Spagnuolo Antonella , Laino Luigi , Grammatico Paola
Published: September 2013

Background

Thrombocytopenia–absent radius syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and longitudinal limb deficiencies mostly affecting the radial ray. Most patients are compound heterozygotes for a 200 kb interstitial microdeletion in 1q21.1 and a hypomorphic allele in RBM8A, mapping in the deleted segment. At the moment, the complete molecular characterization of thrombocytopenia–absent radius syndrome is limited to a handful of patients mostly ascertained in the pediatric age

Case presentation

We report on a fetus with bilateral upper limb deficiency found at standard prenatal ultrasound examination. The fetus had bilateral radial agenesis and humeral hypo/aplasia with intact thumbs, micrognathia and urinary anomalies, indicating thrombocytopenia–absent radius syndrome. Molecular studies demonstrated compound heterozygosity for the 1q21.1 microdeletion and the RBM8A rs139428292 variant at the hemizygous state, inherited from the mother and father, respectively

Conclusion

The molecular information allowed prenatal diagnosis in the following pregnancy resulting in the birth of a healthy carrier female. A review was carried out with the attempt to the trace the fetal ultrasound presentation of thrombocytopenia–absent radius syndrome and discussing opportunities for second-tier molecular studies within a multidisciplinary setting.
Differences in timing of mating swarms in sympatric populations of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae s.s. (formerly An. gambiae M and S molecular forms) in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Sawadogo Simon P , Costantini Carlo , Pennetier Cédric , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Gibson Gabriella , Dabiré Roch K
Published: September 2013

Background

The M and S molecular forms ofAnopheles gambiae s.s.Giles appear to have speciated in West Africa and the M form is now formally namedAn. coluzziiCoetzee & Wilkersonsp.n.and the S form retains the nominotypical name (abbreviated here toAn. gambiae). Reproductive isolation is thought to be the main barrier to hybridisation; even though both species are found in the same mating swarms, hybrid fertilisations incopulaehave not been found in the study area. The aim of the study, therefore, was to determine whether differences in circadian and/or environmental control over the timing of swarming in the two species contribute to reproductive isolation.

Methods

The timing of male swarming in these species was recorded four nights per month over four years at five swarming sites in each of two villages. The timing of the start and end of swarming, and the concurrent environmental parameters, temperature, humidity and light intensity, were recorded for n = 20 swarms/month/species. The timing of 'spontaneous’ activity at dusk of individualAn. coluzziiandAn. gambiaemales was video-recorded in an actograph outdoors for 21 nights.

Results

Of the environmental parameters considered, swarming was most strongly correlated with sunset (r2 > 0.946).Anopheles gambiaestarted and stopped swarming earlier thanAn. coluzzii(3:35 ± 0:68 min:sec and 4:51 ± 1:21, respectively), and the mean duration of swarming was 23:37 ± 0:33 forAn. gambiaeand 21:39 ± 0:33 forAn. coluzzii.Accordingly, in principle, whenever both species swarm over the same marker, a mean of 15.3 ± 3.1% ofAn. gambiaeswarming would occur beforeAn. coluzziimales arrived, and 19.5 ± 4.55% ofAn. coluzziiswarming would occurred afterAn. gambiaemales had stopped swarming. These results are consistent with the finding thatAn. gambiaemales became active in the actograph 09:35 ± 00:22 min:sec earlier thanAn. coluzziimales.

Conclusions

The timing of swarming and spontaneous activity at dusk are primarily under circadian control, with the phase linked closely to sunset throughout the year. The mating activity of these two species is temporally segregated for 15-20% of the swarming period, which may contribute to the observed reproductive isolation of these species in local sympatric populations.
Flexible fixation of syndesmotic diastasis using the assembled bolt-tightrope system
Authors: Xu Guohui , Chen Wei , Zhang Qi , Wang Juan , Su Yanling , Zhang Yingze
Published: September 2013

Background

Syndesmotic diastasis is a common injury. Syndesmotic bolt and tightrope are two of the commonly used methods for the fixation of syndesmotic diastasis. Syndesmotic bolt can be used to reduce and maintain the syndesmosis. However, it cannot permit the normal range of motion of distal tibiofibular joint, especially the rotation of the fibula. Tightrope technique can be used to provide flexible fixation of the syndesmosis. However, it lacks the ability of reducing the syndesmotic diastasis. To combine the advantages of both syndemostic bolt and tightrope techniques and simultaneously avoid the potential disadvantages of both techniques, we designed the assembled bolt-tightrope system (ABTS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the primary effectiveness of ABTS in treating syndesmotic diastasis.

Methods

From October 2010 to June 2011, patients with syndesmotic diastasis met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into this study and treated with ABTS. Patients were followed up at 2, 6 weeks and 6, 12 months after operation. The functional outcomes were assessed according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores at 12 months follow-up. Patients’ satisfaction was evaluated based upon short form-12 (SF-12) health survey questionnaire. The anteroposterior radiographs of the injured ankles were taken, and the medial clear space (MCS), tibiofibular overlap (TFOL), and tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) were measured. All hardwares were routinely removed at 12-month postoperatively. Follow-ups continued. The functional and radiographic assessments were done again at the latest follow-up.

Results

Twelve patients were enrolled into this study, including 8 males and 4 females with a mean age of 39.5 years (range, 26 to 56 years). All patients also sustained ankle fractures. At 12 months follow-up, the mean AOFAS score was 95.4 (range, 85 to 100), and all patients were satisfied with the functional recoveries. The radiographic MCS, TFOL, and TFCS were within the normal range in all patients. After hardware removal, follow-up continued. At the latest follow-up (28 months on average, (range, 25 to 33 months) from internal fixation), the mean AOFAS score was 96.3 (range, 85 to 100), without significant difference with those assessed at 12 months after fixation operations. No syndesmotic diastasis reoccurred based upon the latest radiographic assessment.

Conclusions

ABTS can be used to reduce the syndesmotic diastasis and provide flexible fixation in a minimally invasive fashion. It seems to be an effective alternative technique to treat syndesmotic diastasis.
Prevalence of selected clinical problems in older adults with autism and intellectual disability
Authors: Kats Dmitry , Payne Leslie , Parlier Morgan , Piven Joseph
Published: September 2013

Background

Originally described as a disorder of childhood, evidence now demonstrates the lifelong nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the increase of the population over age 65, older adults with ASD remain a scarcely explored subpopulation. This study set out to investigate the prevalence of clinically relevant behaviors and medical problems in a sample of US adults aged 30 to 59 with ASD and intellectual disability (ID), in comparison to those with ID only.

Methods

A cross-sectional study, with both an exploratory and replication analysis, was conducted using National Core Indicators (NCI) multi-state surveys from 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011. There were 4,989 and 4,261 adults aged 30–59 with ID examined from the 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011 samples, respectively. The two consecutive annual samples consisted of 438 (9%) and 298 (7%) individuals with ASD and ID. Variables were chosen from the NCI data as outcomes, including medication use for behavior problems, severe or aggressive behavior problems and selected medical conditions.

Results

No age-associated disparities were observed between adults with ASD and ID versus adults with ID only in either sample. For the 2009 to 2010 sample, the prevalence of support needed to manage self-injurious, disruptive and destructive behavior in subjects with ASD and ID ranged from 40 to 60%. Similarly, the prevalence estimates of self-injurious, disruptive and destructive behavior were each almost double in adults with ASD and ID relative to those with ID only. These results were replicated in the 2010 to 2011 sample.

Conclusions

The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for research on the nature and treatment of severe behavior problems in the rapidly increasing population of older adults with ASD. They also suggest the importance of developing policies that expand our capacity to care for these individuals.
Development of a novel prediction method of cis-elements to hypothesize collaborative functions of cis-element pairs in iron-deficient rice
Authors: Kakei Yusuke , Ogo Yuko , Itai Reiko N , Kobayashi Takanori , Yamakawa Takashi , Nakanishi Hiromi , Nishizawa Naoko K
Published: September 2013

Background

Cis-acting elements are essential genomic sequences that control gene expression. In higher eukaryotes, a series of cis-elements function cooperatively. However, further studies are required to examine the co-regulation of multiple cis-elements on a promoter. The aim of this study was to propose a model of cis-element networks that cooperatively regulate gene expression in rice under iron (Fe) deficiency.

Results

We developed a novel clustering-free method, microarray-associated motif analyzer (MAMA), to predict novel cis-acting elements based on weighted sequence similarities and gene expression profiles in microarray analyses. Simulation of gene expression was performed using a support vector machine and based on the presence of predicted motifs and motif pairs. The accuracy of simulated gene expression was used to evaluate the quality of prediction and to optimize the parameters used in this method. Based on sequences of Oryza sativa genes upregulated by Fe deficiency, MAMA returned experimentally identified cis-elements responsible for Fe deficiency in O. sativa. When this method was applied to O. sativa subjected to zinc deficiency and Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to salt stress, several novel candidate cis-acting elements that overlap with known cis-acting elements, such as ZDRE, ABRE, and DRE, were identified. After optimization, MAMA accurately simulated more than 87% of gene expression. Predicted motifs strongly co-localized in the upstream regions of regulated genes and sequences around transcription start sites. Furthermore, in many cases, the separation (in bp) between co-localized motifs was conserved, suggesting that predicted motifs and the separation between them were important in the co-regulation of gene expression.

Conclusions

Our results are suggestive of a typical sequence model for Fe deficiency-responsive promoters and some strong candidate cis-elements that function cooperatively with known cis-elements.
Evaluation of lung flute in sputum samples for molecular analysis of lung cancer
Authors: Anjuman Nigar , Li Ning , Guarnera Maria , Stass Sanford A , Jiang Feng
Published: September 2013

Background

Molecular analysis of sputum provides a promising approach for lung cancer diagnosis, yet is limited by the difficulty in collecting the specimens from individuals who can't spontaneously expectorate sputum. Lung Flute is a small self‐powered audio device that can induce sputum by generating sound waves and vibrating in the airways of the lungs. Here we propose to evaluate the usefulness of Lung Flute for sputum sampling to assist diagnosis of lung cancer.

Methods

Forty‐three stage I lung cancer patients and 47 cancer‐free individuals who couldn't spontaneously cough sputum were instructed to use Lung Flute for sputum sampling. Expressions of two microRNAs, miRs‐31 and 210, were determined in the specimens by qRT‐PCR. The results were compared with sputum cytology.

Results

Sputum was easily collected from 39 of 43 (90.7%) lung cancer patients and 42 of 47 (89.4%) controls with volume ranges from 1 to 5 ml (median, 2.6 ml). The specimens had less than 4% oral squamous cells, indicating that sputum was obtained from low respiratory tract. Expressions of miRs‐31 and 210 in sputum were considerably higher in cancer patients than cancer‐free individuals (8.990 vs. 4.514; 0.6847 vs. 0.3317; all P <0.001). Combined use of the two miRNAs produced a significantly higher sensitivity (61.5% vs. 35.9%, P = 0.002) and a slightly lower specificity (90.5% vs. 95.2%, p = 0.03) compared with cytology for lung cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion

Lung Flute could potentially be useful in convenient and efficient collection of sputum for molecular diagnosis of lung cancer.
Estimation of endogenous protein and amino acid ileal losses in weaned piglets by regression analysis using diets with graded levels of casein
Authors: Reis de Souza Tércia Cesária , Barreyro Araceli Aguilera , Mariscal-Landín Gerardo
Published: September 2013

Background

Many studies have investigated endogenous loss of proteins and amino acids (AAs) at the ileal level in growing pigs. However, only a few studies have researched this subject in piglets. Knowledge regarding AA ileal digestibility in piglets would be helpful during the formulation of diets for weaning piglets, rather than just using coefficients obtained in growing pigs. Therefore, in this study, we sought to estimate endogenous protein and AA ileal losses in piglets. Furthermore, apparent and true ileal digestibility (AID and TID) of protein and AAs from casein were measured.

Results

The average flow of protein was 20.8 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI). Basal protein loss, as estimated by regression, was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid (2.2, 1.4, and 1.2 g/kg DMI, respectively) were the AAs for which greater losses were seen. The AID of protein and AAs increased as the protein level in the diet increased. A higher increment in AID was observed between diets with 80 and160 g CP/kg of feed; this finding was mainly attributable to increases in glycine and arginine (46.1% and 18%, respectively). The TID of protein was 97.8, and the TID of AAs varied from 93.9 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine.

Conclusions

The basal endogenous protein loss in piglets was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Endogenous protein was rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, which represented 32.7% of endogenous protein loss in weaning piglets. The TID of casein was high and varied from 93.0 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine.
Smart card based time efficient authentication scheme for global grid computing
Authors: Gnanaraj Jaspher Willsie Kathrine , Ezra Kirubakaran , Rajsingh Elijah Blessing
Published: September 2013

Decentralization in every walk of life has resulted in the development of Global Grid networking. Data sharing and access depends on their availability, capability, cost and user requirements. One of the needs for a secure Grid Environment is a strong authentication for users. Since Authentication is the entry point into every network, a novel smart card based authentication scheme has been proposed. The proposed authentication scheme utilizes the biometric data embedded in a smart card along with the ID and password of the user. The Time efficient performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with the existing Secure Socket Layer based authentication scheme is discussed. The attacks which the proposed scheme is able to withstand are also discussed.
A subjective job scheduler based on a backpropagation neural network
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Anilkumar Kothalil
Published: September 2013

This paper aims to present and discuss the concept of a subjective job scheduler based on a Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and a greedy job alignment procedure. The subjective criteria of the scheduler depend on the solution plan for a given job scheduling problem. When the scheduler is provided with desired job selection criteria for the problem, it generates user satisfying solution from a set of valid jobs. The job validation procedure is based on the similarity measure of the jobs with the seen dataset of the scheduler. The seen dataset is based on the subjective criteria of the scheduler. The prioritized and valid jobs are allowed to execute concurrently on the given identical machines. The satisfying criterion of the scheduler indicates the user satisfaction of the scheduler and is based on three measures: convergence test of the BPNN, job validity test and cost evaluation. The simulations presented in this paper indicate that the proposed scheduler approach is one of the most effective strategies of structuring a subjective job scheduler.
Production of schizophyllan from distiller’s dried grains with solubles by diverse strains of Schizophyllum commune
Authors: Sutivisedsak Nongnuch , Leathers Timothy D , Price Neil PJ
Published: September 2013

Eleven diverse strains of Schizophyllan commune were examined for production of the biopolymer schizophyllan from agricultural biomass. Strains were grown in malt extract (ME) basal medium containing 1% (w/v) distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), an abundant coproduct of fuel ethanol production by the dry grind process. Ten of 11 strains tested produced more than 2 g schizophyllan/L. Two strains, ATCC 20165 and CBS 266.60, produced more than 10 g schizophyllan/L. Schizophyllan from these strains was similar to commercial product in terms of solution viscosity, molecular weight, and surface tension properties, suggesting that they would be equivalent in biomaterial applications.
Cerebral air embolism via port catheter and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography
Authors: Vachalová Ivana , Ernst Stefan , Vynogradova Irina , Wöhrmann Silke , Heckmann Josef G
Published: September 2013

Background

Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is a critical clinical condition necessitating rapid diagnosis and therapeutic measures.

Methods

The authors describe two patients with lethal CAE.

Results

An 81-year-old man rapidly developed coma with tetraplegia. CT-scan revealed prominent CAE whereby the entry of the air was via a port catheter for parenteral nutrition. A 45-year-old man with severe alcohol-toxic multiple organ damage needed endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and a second esophagogastroscopy. After an epileptic seizure, the CT-scan of the brain showed small amounts of cerebral air in the posterior right hemisphere and in the sagittal superior sinus. Despite critical care the patient died.

Conclusion

CAE is a neurocritical emergency case. Early CT-scan of the brain can detect air, guide further therapy, and contribute to the assessment of the prognosis.
Isolation of RNA from equine peripheral blood cells: comparison of methods
Authors: Jiang Zibin , Uboh Cornelius E , Chen Jinwen , Soma Lawrence R
Published: September 2013

Gene expression studies in equine research involve the use of whole blood samples as a vital source of RNA. To determine the optimal method for RNA isolation from equine whole blood, we compared three RNA isolation strategies using different commercially available kits to evaluate the yield and quality of equine RNA. All 3 methods produced RNA with high quality. Though it did not produce the highest yield, combining the quality, yield and the need for the downstream application in our project, LeukoLOCK™ total RNA isolation system was the best RNA extraction method.
GCN5 is essential for IRF-4 gene expression followed by transcriptional activation of Blimp-1 in immature B cells
Authors: Kikuchi Hidehiko , Nakayama Masami , Kuribayashi Futoshi , Imajoh-Ohmi Shinobu , Nishitoh Hideki , Takami Yasunari , Nakayama Tatsuo
Published: September 2013

During B-cell differentiation, the gene expression of B-cell differentiation–related transcription factors must be strictly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms including histone acetylation and deacetylation, to complete the differentiation pathway. GCN5, one of the most important histone acetyltransferases, is involved in epigenetic events for transcriptional regulation through alterations in the chromatin structure. In this study, by analyzing the homozygous DT40 mutants GCN5−/−, generated with gene targeting techniques, we found that GCN5 was necessary for transcriptional activation of IRF-4, an essential transcription factor for plasma cell differentiation. GCN5 deficiency caused drastic decreases in both the mRNA and the protein levels of Blimp-1 and IRF-4. The ectopic expression of Blimp-1 and IRF-4 suggests that IRF-4, but not Blimp-1, is the target gene of GCN5 in immature B cells. Moreover, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that GCN5 bound to the IRF-4 gene around its 5′-flanking region and acetylated H3K9 residues within chromatin surrounding the region in vivo, suggesting that gene expression of IRF-4 is certainly regulated by GCN5. These results reveal that GCN5 is essential for IRF-4 gene expression, followed by transcriptional activation of Blimp-1, and plays a key role in epigenetic regulation of B-cell differentiation.
The variability and interdependence of spider viscid line tensile properties
Authors: Perea Gracia Belén , Plaza Gustavo R. , Guinea Gustavo V. , Elices Manuel , Velasco Beatriz , Pérez-Rigueiro José
Published: September 2013

True stress-true strain curves of naturally spun viscid line fibers retrieved directly from the spiral of orb-webs built by Argiope trifasciata spiders were measured using a novel methodology. This new procedure combines a method for removing the aqueous coating of the fibers and a technique that allows the accurate measurement of their cross sectional area. Comparison of the tensile behaviour of different samples indicates that naturally spun viscid lines show a large variability, comparable to that of other silks, such as major ampullate gland silk and silkworm silk. Nevertheless, application of a statistical analysis allowed identifying two independent parameters that underlie the variability and characterize the observed range of true stress-true strain curves. Combination of this result with previous mechanical and microstructural data suggested the assignment of these two independent effects to the degree of alignment of the protein chains and to the local relative humidity which, in turn, depends on the composition of the viscous coating and on the external environmental conditions.
Revised typification of the name Venidium subacaule DC. (Asteraceae: Arctotideae)
Authors: McKenzie Robert J.
Published: September 2013

A lectotype is designated for the name Venidium subacaule DC. based on a specimen in Candolle's Prodromus Herbarium, which replaces the neotype previously designated for this name. As a result of the revised typification, V. subacaule is not now a threat to usage of the name V. hirsutum Harv. (and the combination Arctotis hirsuta (Harv.) Beauverd). In addition, an epitype is designated for the name Venidium erosum Harv., which becomes a synonym of Arctotis subacaulis (DC.) Beauverd.
Synthesis of two new oxaziridines and a nitrone from derivatives of aryl-substituted dihydroisoquinoline
Authors: Bouzid Mouna , Kammoun Majed , Dhifaoui Sihem , Damak Mohamed
Published: September 2013

N-alkyl oxaziridines may be used as reagents for the oxidation of sulfides in acid-promoted reactions. This study describes the synthesis of two new oxaziridines. The reactivity of the latter was investigated in acidic medium both in presence and in absence of sulfides. In the absence of sulfides, a new nitrone was produced
Synthesis of some poly (N-2-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-metha crylamide)s as model carriers of anilines. Study of the release of anilines in aqueous heterogeneous medium of pH=1.2 at 37Â°C
Authors: Abdelmalek Ilham , Mesli Abderrezzak , Boudouaia Nacer , Chafi Nafa , Simonneaux Gerard
Published: September 2013

Four secondary amides have been prepared by the Schotten-Baumann reaction between model anilines (Pa1-4: p-XC6H4NH2: X1: H; X2:CH3; X3:COCH3; X4: CN) and methacryloyl chloride using aqueous THF/NaOH mixture at 0Â°C. MS1, MS2 and MS4 liquid monomers are obtained whereas MS3 is a solid monomer. Mass radical copolymerization of the different monomers (MS1-4) with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone yields to the corresponding four copolymers. All the monomers have been characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The (CP1-4) have been characterized by IR spectra, microanalysis, Tg Â° and Mv. The kinetics of aniline delivery to give anilinium cations (PaH+)1-4 from solid MS3 and CP1-4 dispersed in water (pH= 1.2, 37Â°C) showed that aniline delivery from the different supports is controlled by a diffusion process and not the rate of amide hydrolysis. The amount (%) of free anilinium cations is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of polymeric supports. Accordingly, the monomer MS3 gave the largest amount of free anilinium cations (PaH+) 1-4
Cationic Ruthenium Complexes with an Arylspiroborate Counterion Derived from 3,5-Di-tert-butylcatechol
Authors: A. Melanson Jennifer , M. Lee Graham , M. Vogels Christopher , Decken Andreas , A. Westcott Stephen
Published: September 2013

We have prepared ruthenium complexes containing the Bbutcat2- anion (butcat = 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholato) and the first single crystal X-ray diffraction study of a ruthenium arylspiroborate complex is presented. These new ruthenium complexes have been examined for their ability to catalyse the addition of diorganyloxyboranes to vinylarenes, and results suggest that these compounds generate the corresponding alkenylboronate esters via a competing dehydrogenative borylation pathway
Telon dye removal from Cu(II)-containing aqueous media using p-diphosphonium organo-montmorillonite
Authors: Makhoukhi Benamar , Didi Mohamed Amine , Moulessehoul Hidayet , Azzouz Abdelkrim
Published: September 2013

Ion-exchange of montmorillonite with para-bis(triphenyl phosphonium methylene)-benzene ions (p-TPhPMB) provided an organo-montmorillonite adsorbent with improved affinity towards Telon dyes. Adsorption tests applied to Telon-red and Telon-blue in the presence of Cu(II) cations revealed a significant increase in the maximum adsorption capacity from ca. 11-26 for the starting clay mineral to ca. 110-160 mg.g-1 after intercalation. This improvement was attributed to increases in both the organophilic character towards the organic dyestuffs investigated and the interlayers spacing. Besides dye-diphosphonium and Cu(II)-diphosphonium interactions, dye adsorption on organo-montmorillonite also involved the formation of Cu(II) exchanged Telon-dye species. It was found that dye adsorption involves not only binary interactions between the three chemical species, but also synergy due to a possible bridging action of the divalent Cu(II) cations. On organo-Mt, the organophilic character was a key factor for higher amounts of adsorbed dye.
Ternary cobalt complexes with amino acids: potentiometric study, modelization and solid-state investigation
Authors: Aomraoui Schahrazede , Terbouche Achour , Beddar Karim , Djebbar Safia , Benali-Baitich Ouassini , Bouet Gilles
Published: September 2013

A study in solution of new ternary complexes of cobalt (II) with the tetradentate ligand Schiff base (N,Nâ€™-bis (2-hydroxy acetophenone) ethylenediimine; H2L) as primary ligand and the amino acid (histidine or tryptophan) as the secondary one has been realized by potentiometry. The stability constants of the complexes have been determined with the calculation program SIRKO. It has been found that the ternary complexes are more stable than the corresponding binary ones. The study has been completed by modelization of all the species found in solution by molecular mechanics with the program EMO (Energy of Molecule).The complexes isolated in powdered form were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR spectra, magnetic and electronic spectra. The spectral results support the binding of H2L with two N and two O donor sites to cobalt ion and the binding of histidine or tryptophan by monodentate maner with O donor site, giving an octahedral geometry.Magnetic and Electronic results show that the Cobalt (II) has been oxidized to Co(III) and has a low spin configuration.
An expedient approach for the synthesis and the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity evaluation of 6H-benzimidazol[1,2-c][1,3,2]benzoxazaphosphorine 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-sulfide derivatives from 4-mercapto-2H-chromene-2-thione
Authors: Zghab Imen , Trimeche Belsem , Romdhane Anis , Touboul David , Ben Jannet Hichem
Published: September 2013

A new efficient route for the synthesis of substituted 6H-benzimidazol[1,2-c][1,3,2] benzoxazaphosphorine 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-sulfide from 4-mercapto-2H-chromene-2-thione is described. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the most important synthons is considered. Ways of constructing six-membered phosphorus-heterocycles via cyclization of Lawessonâ€™s reagent with bifunctional substrates are discussed.
3-aminopyridine release study from polymeric supports in homogeneous and heterogeneous media
Authors: Sehil Hafida , Bengharez Zohra , El Bahri Zineb , Merine Houaria , Guemra Kaddour
Published: September 2013

In order to control and modify the drug release, in one hand 3-aminopyridine as active agent was grafted via chemical azomethine bond on monomer then copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone. The obtained supports were characterized and the drug release from these formulations was followed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer in homogeneous media at four different pH (pH=1.2, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0) simulating the human digestive rout. The results showed that the hydrolysis of monomer and copolymer obeyed to the first order and the apparent kinetic constants were calculated. In the other hand, spherical dosage forms composed from Eudragit RL100 and the active agent or the copolymer support were prepared and tested to control the drug release. The heterogeneous kinetics were established successively in the four cited media. The drug release seemed that be governed by diffusion model according to the Fickâ€™s laws. So, the diffusivities were calculated and the results demonstrated that the drug release can be modified using these formulations.
Addition of Di(trimethylsilyl) Phosphite to Schiff Bases of 2,5-Diformylfuran
Authors: Lewkowski Jaroslaw , Dziegielewski Marek , Szczesniak Aleksandra , Ciechanska Magdalena
Published: September 2013

A series of 2,5-Furanyl-bis-(aminomethylphosphonic Acids) has been synthesized by the addition of di(trimethylsilyl) phosphite to azomethine bond of achiral Schiff bases derved from 2,5-diformylfuran. The stereochemical aspect of this reaction has been studied and compared with the behaviour of achiral terephthalic Schiff bases in similar reaction. Whereas, addition to achiral terephthalic Schiff bases was found to be highly stereoselective, the analogous reaction with achiral 2,5-diformylfuran Schiff bases was stereoselective exclusively in the case when the substituent is benzyl.
Amodiaquine analogs. Synthesis and anti-leishmanial activity
Authors: S. Coimbra Elaine , D. da Silva Adilson , M. P. Dias Rafael , C. N. R. Corrales Roberta , De L. F. Bispo Marcelle , R. Kaiser Carlos , V. N. de Souza Marcus
Published: September 2013

In this work, we report the synthesis and antileishmanial evaluation of 13 amodiaquine (AQ) derivatives (4-aminoquinoline-aryl and 4-quinolinylhydrazones series). The compounds were tested against fourÂ Leishmania species and murine macrophages. The appreciable activity of these compounds can be considered an important finding for the rational design of new leads for antileishmania compounds
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of bis-amidrazones and bis-triazolones derivatives
Authors: Hamzaoui Salwa , Salem Adel Ben , Hsouna Anis Ben , Chaari Najla , Trigui Mohamed , Mourer Maxime , Kossentini Mohamed
Published: September 2013

Â We present a new method for the synthesis of bis-triazolones 3, which result from the processing of novel bis-amidrazones 2 with ethyl chloroformate. The bis-amidrazones 2 are prepared by the reaction of the N1-tosylhydrazonates 1 with two equivalents of aliphatic diamine. The structures of the new products were determined through IR, 1H and 13C NMR studies as well as elemental analysis. The molecular structure of the compound 3c was also determined via an X-ray analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against a panel of 09 bacterial strains using broth microdilution methods. Results showed that compounds exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activity against the tested species.
Prediction of surface tension of alcohol + water solutions using artificial neural networks
Authors: Astray Gonzalo , Moldes Oscar A. , Montoya Iago A. , Mejuto Juan C.
Published: September 2013

Â Different Artificial Neural Network architectures have been implemented to predict Surface Tension of aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol in range temperatures of 293.15-323.15 K. Artificial Neural Networks with four entrance variables, Critical Volume, log P, Mole Fraction and Temperature, were used. Best ANN architecture was formed by four input neurons, two middle layers (with eleven and three neurons respectively) and one output neuron. Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) are 0.34 mNÂ·m-1 (R2= 0.9995) for the training set and 1.31 mNÂ·m-1 (R2= 0.9955) for the validation set. Those errors correspond with a 0.62% error and 4.37% of error for training and validation set, respectively. For the full data set the Root Mean Square Error is 0.72 mNÂ·m-1 (R2= 0.9976) with a 1.56% error.
Sorption of 1â€“Naphthol on ï¢â€“Cyclodextrinâ€“Poly(ethylene Glycol) hydrogels
Authors: Sanchez Ivan , Cesteros Luis C. , Katime Issa
Published: September 2013

Â The sorption behavior of hydrogels prepared by crosslinking ï¢â€“cyclodextrin with poly(ethylene glycol) modified with isocyanate end groups, is analyzed by using 1â€“naphthol as a model molecule. Concave sorption isotherms are observed and are well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The sorption capacity increases as does the concentration of 1â€“naphthol in the medium and depends on the molar mass of poly(ethylene glycol) used in the synthesis of the hydrogel and on its ï¢â€“cyclodextrin content.For hydrogels with the same content of ï¢â€“cyclodextrin, the sorption capacity decreases with increasing the molar mass of poly(ethylene glycol) used in the synthesis. The higher sorption capacity has been found for the hydrogels prepared from PEG with a molar mass of 400 g/mol and with a ï¢â€“cyclodextrin content between 9â€“12 % in weight. The sorption capacity of these samples is close to that reported for other hydrogels based on ï¢â€“cyclodextrin.
Incorporation of gold nanoparticles into pH responsive mixed microgel systems
Authors: Lazim Azwan Mat , Eastoe Julian , Bradley Melanie
Published: September 2013

Abstract: This research attempts to demonstrate that gold nanoparticles are stable and easily dispersed in mixed microgel systems. In order to prepare stable and controllable responsive systems, the polymers were chosen to be pH responsive. As a result, that the charge signs (+/-) and level could be readily manipulated by adjusting the background solution pH. A switchable â€˜onâ€™ and â€˜offâ€™ system was obtained where these composite AuMES-NP-MM systems switched from a dispersed (pH 10) to a collapsed state (pH 3). This variation in pH affected the dispersion stability due to differences in the microgel particle charges. These systems are therefore successful multifunctional systems which act as reversible scaffolds for support and entrapment of AuMES-NPs. A stability graph was plotted and based on calculation, the amount of AuNPs dispersed in the microgel were estimated. These promising results offer wide applications in various areas especially using the microgel systems as a responsive template.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in AÎ²(17-42) treated synaptosomes
Authors: Mohammed1 Jaffer , Johnson Joseph T. , Sultana Rukhsana , Owen Joshua B. , Reed Tanea T.
Published: September 2013

Oxidative stress has been associated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as various neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia, and cancer. The brain is susceptible to oxidative stress due to its high content of peroxidizable unsaturated fatty acids, high consumption of oxygen, and elevated levels of free radicals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can react with biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA, and RNA, which can lead to oxidative damage, cellular dysfunction, and ultimately cell death. Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, a genetic abnormality in which an extra copy of the chromosome is present. DS patients have extensive deposition of AÎ²(17-42) peptide, which could contribute to their increased rate of developing Alzheimerâ€™s disease (AD), which is consistent with current research. Since AD cannot be properly diagnosed until autopsy, development of a novel Down syndrome model using AÎ²(17-42) could be beneficial in determining oxidative stress levels and their relationship to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the earliest form of AD. This work will demonstrate the use of a novel Down Syndrome model and its correlation to oxidative stress. We have found a significant difference between oxidative stress levels in AÎ²(17-42) treated synaptosomes and control. By using proteomics, we have also identified several biomarkers including aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldolase, Î±-enolase, heat shock cognate 71, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, and ATP synthase Î± chain. Our present findings suggest the role of AÎ²(17-42) as one of the contributing factors in mediating oxidative stress in DS and AD brain leading to neurodegeneration. This novel DS model may have potential applications as a diagnostic tool to identify biomarkers that may contribute to Alzheimerâ€™s disease.
Optimization of activated carbon from residues of oregano using experimental design method
Authors: Marouane Saadia , Oumam Nazha , Abourriche Abdlemjid , Bennamara Ahmed , Charrouf Mâ€™hamed
Published: September 2013

Â A series of eight activated carbons were obtained by chemical activation of oregano marc, which is abundant waste in Morocco. The activated carbons responses (capacity of adsorption, and yield) were analyzed as a function of the experimental parameters (temperature, time and chemical agent), using the complete factorial design of 23 experiments. Each response has been described by a second order model that was adequate to predict responses in all experimental regions. The experimental values obtained were in good agreement with the values predicted from the models, with relatively small errors between the predicted and the actual values. The optimization of activated carbon, using the function of desirability, was carried out by JMP software. The optimal activated carbon is obtained when using 60 min as activation time, 350Â°C as activation temperature, and H3PO4 as chemical agent.
Ovid and the Catasterismi of Eratosthenes
Authors: Robinson Matthew
Published: September 2013

This article presents the first modern exploration of the relationship between Ovid’s Fasti and the Catasterismi attributed to Eratosthenes. It argues that mythological handbooks such as the Catasterismi would have been familiar not only to Ovid but also his readers, and that as such they should be considered as potential intertexts. An examination of this intertextual relationship between the Fasti and the Catasterismi shows how in his first extended star myths Ovid raises the politically sensitive question of how to populate his heavens and how, after teasing his reader with Aratean order and justice, he embraces the chaotic and uncertain world of the Catasterismi .
Rivers and Rivalry in Petronius, Horace, Callimachus, and Aristophanes
Authors: Farmer Matthew C.
Published: September 2013

The poem delivered by Agamemnon in the opening fragment of Petronius’ Satyrica contains an allusion to Horace’s Satires that connects the novel with a nexus of passages where authors deploy river imagery in statements of literary polemic. Agamemnon’s poem is united with the poet Eumolpus’ stylistic manifesto by a recurrence of river imagery; once more, allusions to Horace in Eumolpus’ speech open on to histories of rivalry and poetics. These passages encourage us to follow Petronius’ signals in reading these connected window allusions, enabling Petronius to position himself as a self-conscious heir to literary traditions in multiple genres.
Thucydides, Apollo, the Plague, and the War
Authors: Kallet Lisa
Published: September 2013

This article examines Thucydides’ treatment of the cause of the plague, its connection with the Spartans, and Apollo. Thucydides situates references to the plague in various contexts in the narrative, beginning with his account of the suprahuman catastrophes that occurred during the war (1.23) that are woven through the narrative in a seriatim argument that serves methodologically to demonstrate the possibility that Apollo brought the plague to Athens. His method clarifies the positioning of divine assistance in relation to human causation, but it also leaves open the possibility of divine intervention in human history.
Rationality, Eros, and Daemonic Influence in the Platonic Theages and the Academy of Polemo and Crates
Authors: Lampe Kurt
Published: September 2013

The educational efficacy ascribed by the Theages to erotic intimacy and daemonic influence has troubled scholars, who generally consider it decadent, superstitious, and irrational. Similar concerns arise concerning the Academy of Polemo and Crates, which is the Theages ’ probable source. I argue that the dialogue signals how cooperative rational inquiry is compatible with erotics and daemonology through allusions to the Symposium and Theaetetus . Moreover, the most “outrageous” passage—the story of Aristides—is signposted as an ironic puzzle, not a straightforward representation of Socratic philosophizing. The way is thus cleared to revise our understanding of rationality in this dialogue and this period of the Academy.
A Contract on Ameria: Law and Legality in Cicero’s Pro Roscio Amerino
Authors: Zetzel James E. G.
Published: September 2013

Cicero’s first criminal speech, Pro Roscio Amerino , gained acquittal for his client but also presented Cicero himself as an advocate of legality at a time of great political turmoil and uncertainty. He emphasizes the importance of good-faith contracts to the maintenance of civil society, while demonstrating that his opponents have abused the contracts of societas and mandatum in persecuting Roscius. Cicero’s positive model is his teacher Scaevola—murdered during the civil war and advocate of good-faith contracts and of the broader ideal of vitae societas , a metaphorical contract that embodies the values of civil society which Cicero shares.
Welfarist and Imperial: The Contributions of Anticruelty Laws to Civilizational Discourse
Authors: Deckha Maneesha
Published: September 2013

This article excavates the role that anticruelty statutes played in civilizational thinking both in the metropole and in the colonies, and the residual impact of their early civilizational rationale in contemporary jurisprudence. In doing so, it explores how laws directed at cruelty to animals have helped sustain a discourse of civilization that cuts across and animates hierarchical logics of race, religion, class, and gender. This analysis, then, underscores a different problem with anticruelty laws than what animal law scholars have emphasized. This more familiar critique stresses the inefficacy of these laws in preventing animal suffering, labeling them “welfarist” because of their mandate to regulate animal exploitation rather than prevent it. The analysis adds to this critique, pointing out the severe shortcomings of anticruelty laws by focusing on the imperial underpinnings of these welfarist laws. The article first discusses the emergence of anticruelty statutes in the common law and their impact in reinforcing the civilizing mission with respect to both domestic and colonial populations through a legislative purpose that can be properly understood only by reference to race, religious, class, and gender dynamics. The article then reveals how the civilizing purposes of anticruelty statutes continue to shape contemporary anticruelty jurisprudence in ways that domesticate populations marginalized by race, class, culture, and religion. In tracing the contributions of anticruelty laws to civilization discourses, the analysis highlights the selective register by which these laws function, namely, effectively targeting minoritized practices and immunizing majoritarian ones. In highlighting the imperial attributes of welfarist laws, the article seeks to contribute to the literature exploring the intersections between speciesism and other forms of socially constructed difference.