bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiome of the wasp Vespula pensylvanica in native and invasive populations, and associations with Moku virus
Authors: Rothman Jason A. , Loope Kevin J. , McFrederick Quinn S. , Wilson Rankin Erin E.
Published: July 2021

Invasive species present a worldwide concern as competition and pathogen reservoirs for native species. Specifically, the invasive social wasp, Vespula pensylvanica, is native to western North America and has become naturalized in Hawaii, where it exerts pressures on native arthropod communities as a competitor and predator. As invasive species may alter the microbial and disease ecology of their introduced ranges, there is a need to understand the microbiomes and virology of social wasps. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbiome of V. pensylvanica samples pooled by colony across two geographically distinct ranges and found that wasps generally associate with taxa within the bacterial genera Fructobacillus, Fructilactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Zymobacter, and likely associate with environmentally-acquired bacteria. Furthermore, V. pensylvanica harbors—and in some cases were dominated by—many endosymbionts including Wolbachia, Sodalis, Arsenophonus, and Rickettsia, and were found to contain bee-associated taxa, likely due to scavenging on or predation upon honey bees. Next, we used reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR to assay colony-level infection intensity for Moku virus (family: Iflaviridae), a recently-described disease that is known to infect multiple Hymenopteran species. While Moku virus was prevalent and in high titer, it did not associate with microbial diversity, indicating that the microbiome may not directly interact with Moku virus in V. pensylvanica in meaningful ways. Collectively, our results suggest that the invasive social wasp V. pensylvanica associates with a simple microbiome, may be infected with putative endosymbionts, likely acquires bacterial taxa from the environment and diet, and is often infected with Moku virus. Our results suggest that V. pensylvanica, like other invasive social insects, has the potential to act as a reservoir for bacteria pathogenic to other pollinators, though this requires experimental demonstration.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via its phosphokinase PknF
Authors: Rastogi Shivangi , Ellinwood Sarah , Augenstreich Jacques , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Briken Volker
Published: July 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved to evade host innate immunity by interfering with macrophage functions. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is secreted by macrophages after the activation of the inflammasome complex and is crucial for host defense against Mtb infections. We have previously shown that Mtb is able to inhibit activation of the AIM2 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis. Here we show that Mtb is also able to inhibit host cell NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. We identified the serine/threonine kinase PknF as one protein of Mtb involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, since the pknF deletion mutant of Mtb induces increased production of IL-1β in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The increased production of IL-1β was dependent on NLRP3, the adaptor protein ASC and the protease caspase-1, as revealed by studies performed in gene-deficient BMDMs. Additionally, infection of BMDMs with the pknF deletion mutant resulted in increased pyroptosis, while the IL-6 production remained unchanged compared to Mtb-infected cells, suggesting that the mutant did not affect the priming step of inflammasome activation. In contrast, the activation step was affected since potassium efflux, chloride efflux and the generation of reactive oxygen species played a significant role in inflammasome activation and subsequent pyroptosis mediated by the Mtb pknF mutant strain. In conclusion, we reveal here that the serine/threonine kinase PknF of Mtb plays an important role in innate immune evasion through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Host tropism determination by convergent evolution of immunological evasion in the Lyme disease system
Authors: Hart Thomas M. , Dupuis Alan P. , Tufts Danielle M. , Blom Anna M. , Starkey Simon R. , Rego Ryan O. M. , Ram Sanjay , Kraiczy Peter , Kramer Laura D. , Diuk-Wasser Maria A. , Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis , Lin Yi-Pin
Published: July 2021

Pathogens possess the ability to adapt and survive in some host species but not in others–an ecological trait known as host tropism. Transmitted through ticks and carried mainly by mammals and birds, the Lyme disease (LD) bacterium is a well-suited model to study such tropism. Three main causative agents of LD, Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, and B. garinii, vary in host ranges through mechanisms eluding characterization. By feeding ticks infected with different Borrelia species, utilizing feeding chambers and live mice and quail, we found species-level differences in bacterial transmission. These differences localize on the tick blood meal, and specifically complement, a defense in vertebrate blood, and a polymorphic bacterial protein, CspA, which inactivates complement by binding to a host complement inhibitor, Factor H (FH). CspA selectively confers bacterial transmission to vertebrates that produce FH capable of allele-specific recognition. CspA is the only member of the Pfam54 gene family to exhibit host-specific FH-binding. Phylogenetic analyses revealed convergent evolution as the driver of such uniqueness, and that FH-binding likely emerged during the last glacial maximum. Our results identify a determinant of host tropism in Lyme disease infection, thus defining an evolutionary mechanism that shapes host-pathogen associations.
All things keep getting better: Queer Eye and the makeover of American masculinity
Authors: Minai Naveen
Published: July 2021

Netflix’s Queer Eye (2018–present) is often criticized for reinforcing neo-liberal American fantasies of transformation of the self that distract from urgent transformations of economic, political and social worlds. Nonetheless, I use paratextual and textual analyses to argue that the verbal and physical intimacies between the Fab Five are rare in American popular culture, and offer us reworked embodiments of American manhood. It is through these intimacies that the Fab Five enable us to think through the following questions. What does it mean to be a man in contemporary American popular culture? What does it mean to be a man with other men? What does intimacy between men look like?
Fruktosaren kontsumoak eragin ditzakeen osasun arazoak: konponbidea arazo bihurtzen denean
Authors: Milton-Laskibar Iñaki , Besné Irene , Carr-Ugarte Helen , Portillo Maria Puy
Published: July 2021

Obesitatea lehen mailako osasun-arazotzat hartzen da, epidemia baten tamaina hartuz eta mundu-mailan heriotza goiztiarren eragile nagusietakoa bihurtuz. Gaixotasun metaboliko kroniko honen ezaugarri nagusietako bat berarekin lotzen diren osasun-arazoak dira, eta horien artean 2 motako diabetesa nabarmentzen da. Obesitatearen kasuan bezala, diabetesaren tratamendurako ere murrizketa kalorikoan oinarritutako dietak erabili ohi dira. Hala ere, tratamendu mota horrek arrakasta baxua lortu ohi duenez, bestelako esku-hartzeak ere beharrezkoak dira, eta horien artean sakarosa fruktosarekin ordezkatzea sarritan preskribatzen da paziente horientzat. Izan ere, glukosarekin ez bezala, fruktosaren metabolismorako ez da intsulinarik behar, eta ondorioz, ez da odoleko glukosa-mailen handipenik gertatzen. Hala ere, azken urteetan izan den fruktosaren kontsumoaren handipena gaixotasun metaboliko ezberdinen prebalentziaren handipenarekin batera gertatu denez, arreta handia jarri zaio fruktosari, konponbidea izan beharrean arazoa izan daitekeela uste delako. Esaterako, ikusi da fruktosaren gehiegizko kontsumoak edo kontsumo kronikoak gibel gantzatsu ez-alkoholikoa (GGEA) sortzen duela, de novo lipogenesia aktibatuz, gibeleko gantz-azidoen (GA) oxidazioa murriztuz eta hesteko mikrobiotaren konposizioa aldatu eta iragazkortasuna handituz, besteak beste. Horretaz gain, paradoxikoki fruktosaren gehiegizko kontsumoa intsulinaren erresistentziarekin (IR) ere lotu da. Kasu horretan, pankreako intsulina-jario handiagotua eta gibeleko IR deskribatu dira mekanismo eragile nagusitzat. Azkenik, fruktosaren gehiegizko kontsumoak edo kontsumo kronikoak erraietako gantz-ehunaren (EGE) gehiegizko metaketa eta dislipemiak ere eragin ditzakeela deskribatu da ikerlan ezberdinetan. Horiek horrela, nahiz eta hasiera batean fruktosaren kontsumoa osasungarritzat eta zenbait osasun-asalduraren «konponbidetzat» jo, argi geratzen da haren kontsumo desegokiak zenbait arrisku ere badituela. Ondorioz, beharrezkotzat jotzen da administrazioaren esku-hartzea fruktosaren kontsumoa murrizten edota erregulatzen lagunduko duten arauen garapenerako.
Balizko molekula fotoaktibo multifuntzionala biomedikuntzarako
Authors: Avellanal-Zaballa Edurne , Oliden-Sánchez Ainhoa , Sola-Llano Rebeca , Gartzia-Rivero Leire , Bañuelos Jorge
Published: July 2021

Argia igortzeko gai diren molekula organikoek arreta handia jaso dute azkenaldian biomedikuntzaren esparruan, batez ere diagnosian erabiltzeko helburuarekin. Izan ere, fluoreszentzia, baliabide ezin hobea da gorputzean gertatzen diren hainbat prozesu biokimiko monitorizatzeko eta biomolekulak sentikortasun handiz detektatzeko. Hori dela eta, fotoaktiboak diren kromoforoak markatzaile, zunda edo sentsore fluoreszente gisa erabiltzen dira mikroskopia fluoreszenteari esker; hots, prozesu biokimikoak jarraitzeko, organuluak ikusteko edota biomolekulak detektatzeko. Fluoreszentziarik ez duten kromoforoak, ordea, oxigeno singletea sortzeko gaitasuna ere izan dezakete eta fotosentikortzaile izaerarekin erabil daitezke terapia fotodinamikoan, minbiziaren aurkako tratamenduan. Argi dago, biofotonikako arlo baterako zein besterako eskakizun fotofisikoak guztiz bestelakoak direla eta kromoforo ezberdinak diseinatzea ezinbestekoa dela. Horregatik, lan honetan, BODIPY izeneko kromoforo-familia oinarrizko molekula-egituratzat hartzen da, diagnosian zein terapian aplikatu ahal izateko. Kromoforo mota horren abantaila nagusia da bere egitura eta propietateak erraz molda daitezkeela. Horrela, egituraren gainean ordezkapen sinple batzuk eginda hainbat eskakizun modu errazean ase daitezke. Hortaz, gure helburu nagusia da BODIPYan oinarritutako fluoroforoak zein fotosentikortzaileak garatzea eta diseinu molekularraren garrantzia azpimarratzea.
Sexu-dimorfismoa gizakian: inplikazioak osasunean eta diagnostiko klinikoan
Authors: Gómez-Zorita Saioa , Trepiana Jenifer , Milton-Laskibar Iñaki , Portillo María Puy
Published: July 2021

Sexu-dimorfismoa espezie bereko ar eta emeen arteko desberdintasun morfologiko eta fisiologikoei erreferentzia egiten dien terminoa da. Desberdintasun horiek sexu patroia material genetikora heredatu den moduaren arabera definituta egongo dira. Gaur egun komunitate zientifikoa ahalegin handia egiten ari da pertsonalizatutako zehaztasunezko medikuntza lortzeko, eta horretarako ezinbestekoa da patologia bakoitzaren kasuan sexuarekin lotura duten mekanismoak ondo ezagutzea. Era berean, sexuak gaixotasun baten sintomatologian, bilakaeran eta tratamenduarekiko erantzunean eragin ditzakeen desberdintasunak ulertzea ere garrantzitsua izango da aurrez aipatutako helburua lortuko bada. Horiek lortzen badira, patologia desberdinen prebentzio, diagnostiko eta tratamendu zehatz eta egokituagoak lortuko lirateke, kostu ekonomikoa handitu gabe, gainera. Dimorfismoak, sexuari lotutako patologiak ez ezik, sexuarekiko independenteak diren patologiei ere eragin diezaieke. Sexuari lotutako patologiei dagokienez, sexu-kromosometan adierazten da zein sexutan gertatzen diren gehien asaldurak, hemofilia edo daltonismoarekin gertatzen den bezala. Sexuari lotuta ez dauden patologia askotan, berriz, hainbat ikerketak desberdintasun handiak aurkitu dituzte horiek gizon eta emakumeetan duten eragiteko moduan ere. Esate baterako, gaixotasun kardiobaskularretan, sintoma klinikoak eta pronostikoa desberdinak dira bi sexuen artean, minbizi, hantura-gaixotasun eta gaixotasun neurologiko batzuetan gertatzen den bezala.
Lurzoru kutsatuen karakterizazio intentsiboa in vivo eta in silico fokatzeak erabiliz
Authors: Urionabarrenetxea Erik , Garcia-Velasco Nerea , Zaldibar Beñat , Izagirre Urtzi , Soto Manu
Published: July 2021

Azken hamarkadatako jarduera antropikoak ekosistemetan desorekak sortzen hasiak dira. Horrela, abeltzaintzak, nekazaritzak eta aktibitate industrialek pestizida eta metalekin kutsaturiko lurzoruen proportzioa emendarazi dute. Kutsatzaileen presentziak, lurzoruetan bizi diren organismoak eta beraz, lurzoruak eskaintzen dituen Zerbitzu Ekosistemikoak erasatea ekarri dezake, arrisku ebaluazio egokien beharra eskatuz. In silico modeloak, kutsatzaile baten aplikazio osteko ingurumen kontzentrazioak aurreikusteko tresna egokiak dira, substantzien arrisku ebaluazioan eta erregulazioan lagun dezaketenak. Bestetik, kutsatzaileak lurzoruan duten inpaktua ebaluatze aldera, osasunaren paradigma ikuspuntua; hots, medio naturalak inter-erlazionatutako konpartimentu gisa ulertzen dituena, hedatzen hasi da komunitate zientifikoaren baitan. Era honetan, kutsatzaileek lurzoru organimoengan eragindako efektu toxikologikoen neurketak (in vivo test-ak eta biomarkatzaileak erabiltzen dituztenak) omen handia irabazi dute ingurumenaren osasuna ebaluatzerako orduan. Lan honetan, kutsatutako lurzoruak ebaluatzeko ikuspuntu, teknika, software, gidalerro eta test ezberdinak aurkezten dira; lurzoru ebaluazio integral bat burutzeko beharrezkoak direnak.
Editorial Volume 15 Issue 3
Authors: Smark Ciorstan , Mir Monir
Published: July 2021

Editorial volume 15 issue 3
Antecedents of Firm’s Risk-play – A Structural Equation Modeling Approach in an Emerging Market Context
Authors: Dasgupta Ranjan , Singh Rashmi
Published: July 2021

Firm-risk and managerial risk-taking though distinct are used interchangeably in empirical literature. Here, we identify these two distinctly by examining different proxies for them. We use income stream uncertainty and accounting beta to proxy firm-risk, and market risk and capital intensity ratio represent managerial risk-taking. Once defined, our objective is to find the antecedents of both these by using the most advanced structural equation modelling (SEM) approach from created constructs of performance, psychological, corporate governance, shareholding patterns, fundamental valuation and firm’s characteristics drivers. We formulate seven hypotheses based on empirical literature representing these constructs. We use data of 269 Indian firms for 18 (1999-2017) years to run SEM and then analyse our results individually and combinedly. SEM is used here to test the unidimensionality of the seven constructs (consisting of 19 drivers) and to analyze these drivers (i.e. antecedents) influence on firm-risk and managerial risk-taking i.e. firm’s risk-play. Results prove that present firm-performance, corporate governance drivers, promoters’ shareholding and firm’s characteristics are driving firm’s risk-play. However, fundamental valuation drivers have no role to play in influencing income stream uncertainty, systematic operating risks and managerial risk-attitudes. Psychological drivers and foreign shareholdings act only as a catalyst of firm-risk.
Genetic Diagnosis in Children with Epilepsy and Developmental Disorders by Targeted Gene Panel Analysis in a Developing Country
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Fatema Kanij
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: In childhood epilepsy, genetic etiology is increasingly recognized in recent years with the advent of next generation sequencing. This has broadened the scope of precision medicine in intractable epilepsy, particularly epileptic encephalopathy (EE). Developmental disorder (DD) is an integral part of childhood uncontrolled epilepsy. This study was performed to investigate the genetic etiology of childhood epilepsy and DD.Methods: In this study, 40 children with epilepsy and DD with positive genetic mutation were included retrospectively. It was done in a tertiary care referral hospital of Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2020. Genetic study was done by next generation sequencing. In all cases electroencephalography, neuroimaging was done and reviewed.Results: In total, 40 children were enrolled and the average age was 41.4±35.850 months with a male predominance (67.5%). Generalized seizure was the predominant type of seizure. Regarding the association, intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was common. Seventeen cases had genetically identified early infantile EE and common mutations observed were SCN1A (3), SCN8A (2), SLC1A2 (2), KCNT1 (2), and etc. Five patients of progressive myoclonic epilepsy were diagnosed and the mutations identified were in KCTD7, MFSD8, and CLN6 genes. Three cases had mitochondrial gene mutation (MT-ND5, MT-CYB). Some rare syndromes like Gibbs syndrome, Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, Pitt-Hopkins syndrome and cerebral creatine deficiency were diagnosed.Conclusions: This is the first study from Bangladesh on genetics of epilepsy and DD. This will help to improve the understanding of genetics epilepsy of this region as well as contribute in administering precision medicine in these patients.
Recurrent Altered Mental State Associated with Nonhepatic Hyperammonemia Presented in an Elderly Female Patient: Probable Late-Onset Urea Cycle Disorder
Authors: Lee Jung-Ju , Cho Soohyun , Kim Byung Kun , Kwon Ohyun , Park Jong-Moo , Lee Woong-Woo , Kang Kyusik
Published: July 2021

Altered mentality associated with hyperammonemia is usually diagnosed in patients with liver disease. Nonhepatic hyperammonemia may be present in critically ill patients or may be caused by high protein diets or certain drugs. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) rarely present with altered mentality with hyperammonemia in adult patients. An 82-year-old female visited our hospital with complaints of abnormal behavior and confusion. Routine blood tests revealed elevated serum ammonia. Her mentality and serum ammonia level normalized after lactulose enema and she was discharged thereafter. However, she was later re-admitted because of recurrent altered mentality. Amino acid analysis revealed that serum levels of ornithine and glutamine increased significantly, whereas the levels of alanine and glutamic acid increased slightly, and the levels of arginine, lysine, and citrulline were normal, which were probably caused by reduced activity of the mitochondrial ornithine carrier-1. Although our patient was not diagnosed genetically, this case illustrates the under-recognized fact that UCD can occur in a senile age. Clinical suspicion of UCDs in patients with hyperammonemia is critical for early diagnosis and to prevent the significant neurologic sequelae.
Alternate Seizure Spread with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Velagapudi Lohit , Matias Caio M. , Ambrose Timothy M. , Sperling Michael R. , Nei Maromi , Wu Chengyuan , Sharan Ashwini D.
Published: July 2021

Agenesis of the corpus callosum is a brain malformation that can occur in isolation or in conjunction with other congenital or developmental defects. The clinical sequelae of this condition include epilepsy, cognitive deficits, developmental delay, and various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here we present the case of a patient with congenital complete agenesis of the corpus callosum and medically refractory epilepsy who underwent stereoelectroencephalography. This identified a left frontal ictal focus and revealed that contralateral spread occurred though the anterior commissure, a rare and interesting occurrence. Left frontal resection resulted in significant improvement. This demonstrates the role of the anterior commissure in ictal spread and the potential for novel methods of seizure spread in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy that must be considered in a surgical approach.
The Relationship between Sheath Blight Disease Incidence, Disease Severity, and Rice Yield
Authors: Milati Laila Nur , Nuryanto Bambang , Sumarlin Umin
Published: July 2021

Produksi padi dapat mengalami penurunan akibat gangguan oleh penyakit hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani. Penelitian bertujuan memperkirakan penurunan hasil padi akibat penyakit hawar pelepah berdasarkan keparahan penyakit yang terjadi pada stadium masak susu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kawat dan lahan percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi pada musim hujan 2019/2020. Penelitian di rumah kawat menggunakan tiga varietas padi yaitu “Ciherang”, “Inpari 32 HDB”, dan “Baroma”; sedangkan penelitian di lahan percobaan menggunakan “Ciherang”. Inokulasi R. solani dilakukan pada tanaman padi stadium anakan maksimum dengan menyisipkan tanaman terinfeksi sebagai sumber inokulum penyakit diantara rumpun padi pada tingkat insidensi antara 5%–50%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit pada tanaman di rumah kawat dan lahan percobaan terus berkembang selama periode pengamatan dan mencapai berturut-turut 60.09% dan 70.56%.  Lebih lanjut, keparahan penyakit yang tinggi menyebabkan penurunan hasil yang tinggi pula. Pengetahuan tentang hubungan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit bermanfaat dalam menentukan prediksi hasil sehingga pengendalian penyakit dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin untuk menghindari kehilangan hasil yang tinggi.
KELAYAKAN TEKNOLOGI IOT UNTUK KEBUN HIDROPONIK HOLTIKULTURA MENGGUNAKAN HYDROPO 4.0 DI PERKEBUNAN ALAM PASUNDAN, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Mulyati Erna , Hamidin Dini , Fauzan Muhamad Nurkamal
Published: July 2021

Saat ini penggunaan smart teknologi pada bisnis tanaman hidroponik merupakan peluang bisnis yang sangat menguntungkan bagi para pelaku usaha. Nilai suatu teknologi dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas tanaman hidroponik dan diharapkan adanya efisiensi biaya produksi. Perangkat teknologi cerdas dalam pengelolaan persediaan budidaya hidroponik berbasis IoT merupakan salah satu perangkat precision agriculture yang dikenal juga sebagai smart agriculture. Perangkat ini mampu mencampurkan pupuk dan air secara otomatis sehingga pelaku usaha bisnis tanaman hidroponik dapat mengurangi biaya tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan analisis kelayakan para pelaku usaha dalam meningkatkan budidaya hidroponik dengan pola konvensional/ manual dan memanfaatkan Hydropo 4.0. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Net Present Value (NPV) dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model operasi dengan menggunakan Hydropo 4.0 lebih menguntungkan ketika jumlah populasi tanaman meningkat lebih dari 51,1% dari populasi tanaman pada saat pengujian. Berdasarkan perbandingan nilai IRR pada model operasi menggunakan Hydropo 4.0 akan meningkat apabila populasi tanaman ditingkatkan 698,85% dari jumlah populasi tanaman pada saat pengujian. Abstract[Feasibility of IoT Technology for Hydroponic Holticultural Gardens Using Hydropo 4.0 In Pasundan Natural Plantation, West Java] Presently, the use of smart technology in the hydroponic plant business is a profitable business opportunity for business people. The value of technology can increase the quality and quantity of plants as well as make the efficiency of production costs. Smart technological devices in the management of hydroponics plant culture based on IoT is one of the hydroponic culture supplies that are one of the precision agriculture devices, also known as smart agriculture. This device is capable of mixing fertilizer and water automatically so that hydroponic plant businesses can reduce labor costs. This study aims to compare the feasibility analysis of business actors improving hydroponic cultivation with conventional/manual patterns and utilizing Hydropo 4.0. The research method used by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) parameters. The result of this study indicate that operation model using Hydropo 4.0 will be more profitable when the number of plant populations increases by more than 51.1% of the plant population at the time of the test. Based on the comparison of the IRR value in the operation model using Hydropo 4.0, it will increase if the plant population is increased by 698.85% of the total plant population at the time of the test.Keywords: feasibility analysis; IoT; IRR; NPV
The Archaeology of Morris Cohen: A Jewish Farmer’s Victory over a Groundhog in Nineteenth-Century Green Brook, New Jersey
Authors: Heinrich Adam
Published: July 2021

Excavations at the Vermeule-Mundy House uncovered a rich artifact deposit dating to the mid-1860s. The artifacts can be associated with Morris Cohen, an early Jewish farmer to settle in rural New Jersey, where he raised a family, a range of animals, and grains, and produced a large amount of butter. In an effort to deter a groundhog from burrowing under their porch, the Cohens placed hundreds of ceramic, glass, and iron objects into the burrow. These artifacts provide information about their table settings and agricultural production, and they may provide details about Cohen’s socioeconomic status as well as his Jewish ethnicity through the use of multiple ceramic and glass sets as well as a preference for olive oil.
New Jersey Online: Affective Histories in Newark’s Digital Archives
Authors: Mooney Shannon
Published: July 2021

This article examines how Newark’s affective histories and narratives of racial violence are being reproduced in the city’s digital archives. This article examines two digital archives, Old Newark and the Newark Public Library’s My Newark Story, to explore how emotion is used by individuals and institutions to narrate Newark’s 1967 riots and the city’s subsequent waves of white flight, immigration, and systemic neglect. The article argues that while Old Newark serves as a space for former white Newarkers to express feelings of nostalgia, loss, and displacement that often cast themselves as the victims of diaspora and marginalization, My Newark Story functions as a corrective project that resists the centering of whiteness and feelings of victimization that have haunted Newark’s history.
William S. Bucklin and George P. Bartle: Accomplished Artists of Phalanx, New Jersey
Authors: Hammond Joseph
Published: July 2021

This narrative describes the lives and artistic careers of William Savery Bucklin (1851–1928) and George Parker Bartle (1853–1918), both of Phalanx, a hamlet in Colts Neck, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Three of the works illustrated come from the art collection of the Monmouth County Park System. They acquired them because the paintings depict woodland scenes on the opposite side of the Swimming River Reservoir from their Thompson Park campus, the back areas of which still retain this wooded character.
Influence of variable cutting surface contact area on the components of cutting forces and accuracy
Authors: DZHEMILOV Esreb
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the process of diamond honing of conical holes. The purpose of the article is to identify the dependence of power in the process of cutting and the effect of changing the contact areas of the components of the cutting forces. The experiments were carried out on a developed installation to determine the cutting ability of diamond honing stones. Depen- dences of linear removal of steel 50 and steel 45 on the applied pressure have been established. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that if the value of the Py index goes beyond the limits of pure contact, then this leads to the seizure of surfaces and a deterioration in the quality of processing.
Pojęcie radości w opisie doświadczenia mistycznego
Authors: Wieczorek Urszula
Published: July 2021

Artykuł ma na celu semantyczną analizę mistycznych opisów pojęcia radość. Przede wszystkim definiowane jest pojęcie doświadczenia mistycznego i przedstawiono jego główne cechy. Pierwszy punkt dotyczy sposobu, w jaki pojęcie to jest używane w mistycznym dyskursie. Warto zauważyć, że potencjał oceny radości jest zarówno pozytywny, jak i negatywny. „Doczesne” emocje są postrzegane jako przeszkody w kontakcie danej osoby z Bogiem i są traktowane z podejrzliwością, ale przekształcone przez proces uświęcenia są częścią mistycznych błogosławieństw. Artykuł koncentruje się na pozytywnych odczuciach doświadczającego, które pojawiają się w jego ciele, gdy „dotyka” Absolutu i wewnętrznej percepcji mistrza własnych emocji i ich konceptualizacji w języku. Zewnętrzny obserwator oczywiście nie może dostrzec boskiej rzeczywistości w sposób, w jaki widzi ją mistyk, ale obserwując zachowanie osoby, można zobaczyć cielesne przejawy radości, która jest nieodłączną częścią mistycznego doświadczenia wyrażanego przez zmysłowy język. Dane językowe dostarczają dowodów na twierdzenie, że nie mamy innego języka, którym można by dzielić się doświadczeniem religijnym, jak tylko taki, który traktuje ciało jako medium komunikacyjne. Należy również podkreślić fakt, że radość mistyka jest dynamiczna i nie wyklucza negatywnych uczuć, takich jak ból i cierpienie. Podstawowym założeniem jest, że radość jest zjawiskiem powszechnym i że większość językowych sposobów wyrażania jej w cywilizacji judeochrześcijańskiej używa tych samych mechanizmów i pojęć.
Wpływ sytuacji komunikacyjnej na zachowania Jana Pawła II podczas spotkania z młodzieżą na Wzgórzu Lecha w 1979 roku
Authors: Jankosz Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Celem mojego artykułu będzie pokazanie zachowań komunikacyjnych Jana Pawła II w określonej sytuacji komunikacyjnej. Problem badawczy zawiera się w pytaniu, jak sytuacja komunikacyjna determinuje zachowania mówcy. Materiałem źródłowym będzie nagranie wideo spotkania papieża z młodzieżą na Wzgórzu Lecha w Gnieźnie 3 czerwca 1979 r. oraz zapis jego przemówienia. Wybieram to wystąpienie jako najbardziej reprezentatywne dla omawianego zagadnienia. W pierwszej części omówię pojęcie sytuacji komunikacyjnej i jej typy, w drugiej wskażę czynniki wyróżniające spotkanie na Wzgórzu Lecha jako potoczno-okazjonalną sytuację komunikacyjną, w trzeciej zaś przeanalizuję werbalne i niewerbalne środki wyrazu wykorzystane w tym przemówieniu. Posłużę się w tym celu zintegrowaną metodę analizy komunikacyjnej.
Категория гоноратива в греко-католических молитвословиях
Authors: Petrikova Anna
Published: July 2021

В статье анализируются греко-католические молитвы и использование категории гоноратива в них. По отношению к Господу Богу, Богородице, к Святым в обращении к ним используется гоноратив формы Ты – Вы. Это особая лексическая форма вежливости. Известное традиционное Вы, несущее значение уважения к адресату в религиозных текстах (проповедях, молитвах), заменяется гоноративной формой – Ты. В статье подчеркивается роль гоноратива в религиозной коммуникации, его функционирование в религиозном тексте, так как гоноративные (почтительные) формы применяются для характеристики действий уважаемых (с точки зрения говорящего) лиц. Материал исследования представляют тексты молитвословий, текстов славянских акафистов, которые используются в Восточном богослужении.
TARIMSAL ÜRETİMİN FİNANSMANINA YÖNELİK SÜBVANSİYONLU (FAİZ İNDİRİMLİ) OLARAK KULLANDIRIMI YAYGIN OLAN SIFIR FAİZLİ KREDİLERİN MÜŞTERİLERE OLAN MALİYETİNİN TESPİTİ
Authors: BAYSA Eray , CİHANGİR Mehmet
Published: July 2021

Tarımsal üretim faaliyetinde bulunan gerçek veya tüzel kişi müşterilere tarımsal üretimin finansmanına yönelik olarak T.C. Ziraat Bankası A.Ş. ve Tarım Kredi Kooperatiflerince Tarımsal Üretime Dair Düşük Faizli Yatırım ve İşletme Kredisi Kullandırılmasına İlişkin Kararlar ve Uygulama Esasları Tebliği her yıl resmi gazetede yayımlanmaktadır. Gerçek ve tüzel kişi müşterilere, Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı ve Uygulama Tebliği ile birlikte ayrıca belirlenecek olan teknik kriterlerin sağlanması halinde Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı tarafından tarımın finansmanına yönelik sübvansiyonlu (faiz indirimli) kredi imkânı sağlanmaktadır. Söz konusu sübvansiyonlu krediler tarımsal üretimin konusuna ve kredi limitlerine göre belli bir oranda olabileceği gibi sıfır faizli de olmaktadır. Özellikle sıfır faizli sübvanse tarımsal krediler üreticilere çekici gelmekte ve bu kredilerden yararlanma yoluna gitmektedirler. Ancak bankalar, bireysel ve ticari kredi işlemlerinde olduğu gibi sübvanse tarımsal kredilerde de vermiş oldukları hizmetler karşılığında müşterilerinden bankacılık hizmetleri ücret ve komisyon tarifelerine göre bir takım ücretler tahsil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Ziraat Bankası tarafından, tarımsal üretimin finansmanına yönelik sübvansiyonlu (faiz indirimli) olarak kullandırımı yaygın olan (özellikle sıfır faizli) krediler teorik olarak incelenmiş ve kredi kullanım koşullarına (teminat yapısına) bağlı olarak ödenecek ücret ve komisyonlara göre müşterilere maliyetinin çeşitli varsayımlar altında minimum ne kadar olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
BV and Sobolev homeomorphisms between metric measure spaces and the plane
Authors: Brena Camillo , Campbell Daniel
Published: July 2021

We show that, given a homeomorphismf:G→Ω{f:G\rightarrow\Omega}whereGis an open subset ofℝ2{\mathbb{R}^{2}}and Ω is an open subset of a 2-Ahlfors regular metric measure space supporting a weak(1,1){(1,1)}-Poincaré inequality, it holdsf∈BVloc⁡(G,Ω){f\in{\operatorname{BV_{\mathrm{loc}}}}(G,\Omega)}if and only iff-1∈BVloc⁡(Ω,G){f^{-1}\in{\operatorname{BV_{\mathrm{loc}}}}(\Omega,G)}. Further, iffsatisfies the Luzin N and N-1{{}^{-1}}conditions, thenf∈Wloc1,1⁡(G,Ω){f\in\operatorname{W_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1,1}}(G,\Omega)}if and only iff-1∈Wloc1,1⁡(Ω,G){f^{-1}\in\operatorname{W_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1,1}}(\Omega,G)}.
Cosmology and Anankê in the Timaeus and Our Knowledge of the Forms
Authors: Reshotko Naomi
Published: July 2021

At Tm. 47e, Timaeus steps back from his discussion of what came about through noûs and turns toward an account of what came about through anankê. Broadie, 2012, Nature and Divinity in Plato’s Timaeus, sketches out two routes for the interpretation of this ‘new beginning.’ The ‘metaphysical’ approach uses perceptibles qua imitations of intelligibles in order to glimpse the intelligibles (just as we look at our reflection in a mirror in order to view ourselves). The ‘cosmological’ reading assumes we use the perceptible part of the cosmos in order to come to know the entire cosmos. Broadie openly favors the cosmological reading for understanding the Timeaus as a whole. However, she confines its utility to the Timaeus and does not recommend it for other dialogues. I use Broadie’s ‘cosmological reading’ to better understand what Plato distinguishes as anankê in his second beginning. This sets the stage for my argument that Broadie’s cosmological reading is a promising means for understanding the metaphysics and epistemology of the Forms. By making some comparisons to Sophist (251c–256a), I show that a refined understanding of anankê in the second beginning of the Timaeus clarifies what Plato thinks is involved in coming to know a Form. I argue that a close look at what was available to the Demiurge for cosmic creation by means of noûs yields three distinct ways in which his construction of the cosmos was limited by anankê. Clarifying these three ways in which anankê operates shows that the Demiurge’s manipulation of the foundational elements yields a perceptible world that brings out some potential relationships among Forms while suppressing others. In particular, the Demiurge’s geometricization of the elements leads him to make compromises concerning how Forms can combine in the Receptacle. These choices produce nomological relationships among the Forms with respect to where they can overlap in the Receptacle. This produces the law-like and reliable, but unnecessary, behavior of the perceptible world. I argue that our understanding of these limitations and their translation into where the Receptacle can partake in more than one Form simultaneously, figures importantly in the estimating the potential for human knowledge of the Forms. I question the use of ‘necessity’ as a translation for ‘anankê’ in the Timaeus.
Prediction of shear strength parallel to grain in clear wood of oak (Quercus robur L.) on the basis of shear plane orientation, density and anatomical traits
Authors: Riesco Muñoz Guillermo
Published: July 2021

Oak wood is popular for use in construction and as flooring. Evaluating the mechanical strength of oak timber is difficult and time consuming. Therefore, models for predicting mechanical properties, based on easy-to-obtain variables, may be useful. The purpose of the study was to build models for predicting shear strength parallel-to-grain in oak clear wood. With this goal, the shearing resistance was tested on 198 defect-free specimens (target dimensions 50 × 50 mm in tested section) obtained from a sample of 40 oak trees felled in north-western Spain. The mean shear strength of the sampled oak wood provenance was 15 N mm−2, which was almost equal to the highest mean value reported in previous studies. Analysis of the relationships between the variables tested enabled development of a model relating shear strength parallel to grain at 12% moisture content, with air-dry wood density and angle between tangential and shear plane as predictor variables (

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2

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 = 0.61, p < 0.01, bias = −0.80%, RMSE = 13.66%, for wood with wavy grain;

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adj
2

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 = 0.36, p < 0.01, bias = −1.46%, RMSE = 17.22%, for wood without wavy grain). The independence of shear strength relative to the presence/absence of sapwood or the annual growth ring width was also demonstrated.
Acute-phase protein synthesis: a key feature of innate immune functions of the liver
Authors: Ehlting Christian , Wolf Stephanie D. , Bode Johannes G.
Published: July 2021

The expression of acute-phase proteins (APP’s) maintains homeostasis and tissue repair, but also represents a central component of the organism’s defense strategy, especially in the context of innate immunity. Accordingly, an inflammatory response is accompanied by significant changes in the serum protein composition, an aspect that is also used diagnostically. As the main site of APP synthesis the liver is constantly exposed to antigens or pathogens via blood flow, but also to systemic inflammatory signals originating either from the splanchnic area or from the circulation. Under both homeostatic and acute-phase response (APR) conditions the composition of APP’s is determined by the pattern of regulatory mediators derived from the systemic circulation or from local cell populations, especially liver macrophages. The key regulators mentioned here most frequently are IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition to a variety of molecular mediators described mainly on the basis of in vitro studies, recent data emphasize the in vivo relevance of cellular key effectors as well as molecular key mediators and protein modifications for the regulation and function of APP’s. These are aspects, on which the present review is primarily focused.
Grain evolution during hot ring rolling of as-cast 42CrMo ring billets
Authors: Liu Jiachen , Wang Jinliang , Qi Huiping , Chen Huiqin
Published: July 2021

During hot ring rolling and subsequent air-cooling processes, the as-cast metal alloy undergoes a complicated microstructural evolution. In this paper, the grain refinement of as-cast 42CrMo ring billet during hot ring rolling and air-cooling was conducted by FEM simulation and tests. Moreover, the grain refinement mechanism of as-cast 42CrMo was also studied by comparison of single-pass deformation and multi-pass deformation with short pass interval time, with the purpose of studying the influence of the deformation process on grain refinement supported by the results of FEM simulation. As a result, effective strain and average grain size of the ring show zonal distribution characteristics The effective strain on the inner and outer layers of the ring is large, contributing to fine and homogeneous grains. In contrast, the cumulated effective strain on the interlayer of the ring is small, resulting in inhomogeneous and mixed grains and large average grain size. Grain growth occurs during subsequent air-cooling. The microstructural distribution of the hot rolled ring was confirmed by a hot ring rolling test.
Weldability of austempered rail steel using the flash-butt process
Authors: Arabaci Uğur , Turan Şafhak
Published: July 2021

In this study, bainitic microstructure was formed via heat treatmenton R260 rail steel, which is generally used in railways. Bainitic steel, which is considered more advantageous than current rail steel, waswelded by flash butt welding, which is often used for joining rails andthe mechanical and microstructure of the samples were thenexamined and compared. Bainitic structural steel obtained by austempering heattreatment with normal rail steel was welded by flash butt welding. Flash-butt welding parameters were kept constant during the experiment. The welding capabilities of the joints were compared and the results wereevaluated. It was determined that the bainite structure obtained as a result of austempering heat treatment changes the microstructuralproperties of the samples and affects the mechanical values ​of the joints.
Finite element modeling of glass particle reinforced epoxy composites under uniaxial compression and sliding wear
Authors: Eruslu Sait Ozmen
Published: July 2021

In this study, the failure mechanism of glass particle epoxy composites was investigated under compression and sliding wear. Random fiber distribution with minimum interfiber distance was modeled by representative volume elements (RVEs). Spherical and platelet type glass particles were used for the reinforcements. A numerical simulation of the elastic properties of composites was performed for a perfectly bonded interface, and the results were compared using the Mori Tanaka mean field approach. The elastic stiffness results indicated that the platelet reinforced composites bore more load than spherical ones because of the aspect ratio effects. The separation distance based cohesive zone model was applied to modeling the failure zone at the particle matrix interfaces to establish sliding wear. The effect of the perfectly bonded interface and the cohesive zone interface on overall stiffness and elasto-plastic behavior were discussed. The cohesive zone interface was found to be effective at the interface in terms of the strength and debonding characteristics of the composites. The results were compared with the sliding wear test results of glass particle reinforced composites. The numerical and sliding wear experimental results indicated that matrix yield stress, plastic strain, particle penetration at the contact interface and particle stress are found to be effective parameters for the debonding mechanism.
Effect of the cooling process on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of extruded AZ31 and AM50 Mg alloys
Authors: Kurtulus Enes , Sapmaz Irem , Karpat Fatih
Published: July 2021

During the extrusion of magnesium alloys, temperature change could have a significant effect on the outcome. When this effect is not considered, some commonly known defects might be observed, such as hot cracking. In this study, all samples consist of extruded AZ31 and AM50 magnesium alloys as a solid profile, but the methods by which they are cooled, such as air cooling and water quenching, vary. The effects of cooling methods on tensile-compression behavior and the microstructural properties of the samples were investigated. Test samples were obtained in extrusion direction and perpendicular to the extrusion direction separately for mechanical tests. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different cooling methods on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of AZ31 and AM50 magnesium alloys after extrusion, once different cooling methods were applied. According to the microstructural investigation results, an AM50 magnesium alloy has a finer grain structure as compared with an AZ31 alloy according to both cooling methods in the extrusion process. The average grain size values of both alloys were found to be higher for water cooling. Cooling methods have significant effects on the tensile properties of both alloys, depending on their extrusion directions.
Topologically protected optical signal processing using parity–time-symmetric oscillation quenching
Authors: Yu Sunkyu , Piao Xianji , Park Namkyoo
Published: July 2021

The concept of topology is universally observed in various physical objects when the objects can be described by geometric structures. Although a representative example is the knotted geometry of wavefunctions in reciprocal space for quantum Hall family and topological insulators, topological states have also been defined for other physical quantities, such as topologically distinct Fermi surfaces and enhanced lattice degrees of freedom in hyperbolic geometry. Here, we investigate a different class of topological states – topological geometry of dynamical state trajectories – in non-Hermitian and nonlinear optical dynamics, revealing topologically protected oscillation quenching mechanisms determined by parity–time (PT) symmetry. For coupled systems composed of nonlinear gain and loss elements, we classify the topology of equilibria separately for unbroken and broken PT symmetry, which result in distinct oscillation quenching mechanisms: amplitude death and oscillation death. We then show that these PT-symmetric quenching mechanisms lead to immunity against temporal perturbations, enabling the applications of topologically protected laser modulation and rectification. The observed connection between the topological geometry of dynamical states, oscillation quenching phenomena in dynamical systems theory, and PT symmetry provides a powerful toolkit for noise-immune signal processing.
Modeling of sorption kinetics of U(VI) micro-quantities nanostructured materials with anatase mesoporous structures
Authors: Zheleznov Veniamin , Golikov Aleksey , Sokolnitskaya Tatiana , Ivannikov Sergey
Published: July 2021

The sorption kinetics of uranyl ions micro-quantities from fluoride solutions by nanostructured materials with anatase mesoporous structures has been studied. Using the model of competitive sorption of ions and positively charged complexes of uranyl ion on deprotonated hydroxyl groups of an anatase, kinetic curves of changes in the ratio of ionic forms of uranium in solution were calculated. Modeling was carried out under the assumption of a two-stage mechanism of uranium complex ions sorption. The modeling considered the influence of the uranyl ion carbonate complexes formation. The shift in equilibrium among ionic forms of uranyl correlates with the stability of the complexes in solution.
Vigor Encoding in the Ventral Pallidum
Authors: Lederman James , Lardeux Sylvie , Nicola Saleem M.
Published: July 2021

The ventral pallidum (VP) is the major downstream nucleus of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Both VP and NAc neurons are responsive to reward-predictive stimuli and are critical drivers of reward-seeking behavior. The cue-evoked excitations and inhibitions of NAc neurons predict the vigor (latency and speed) of the cue-elicited locomotor approach response and encode the animal’s proximity to the movement target, but do not encode more specific movement features such as turn direction. VP neurons also encode certain vigor parameters, but it remains unknown whether they also encode more specific movement features, and whether such encoding could account for vigor encoding. To address these questions, we recorded the firing of neurons in the VP of freely moving male rats performing a discriminative stimulus (DS) task. Similar to NAc neurons, VP neurons’ cue-evoked excitations were correlated with the speed of the upcoming approach movement and the animal’s proximity to the movement target at cue onset. Unlike NAc neurons, VP neurons’ firing reflected the efficiency of the approach movement path but not the latency to initiate locomotion. VP cue-evoked excitations are unlikely to be directly influenced by NAc cue-evoked excitations because unilateral treatment of the NAc with a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, a manipulation that reduces NAc neurons’ cue-evoked excitations, did not alter ipsilateral VP cue-evoked excitations. These observations suggest that the two structures receive simultaneous activation by inputs conveying similar but not identical information, and work in parallel to set the vigor of the behavioral response.