bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faint Quasars Live in the Same Number Density Environments as Lyman Break Galaxies at z ∼ 4
Authors: Uchiyama Hisakazu , Akiyama Masayuki , Toshikawa Jun , Kashikawa Nobunari , Overzier Roderik , Nagao Tohru , Ichikawa Kohei , Marinello Murilo , Imanishi Masatoshi , Tanaka Masayuki , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Komiyama Yutaka , Ishikawa Shogo , Onoue Masafusa , Kubo Mariko , Harikane Yuichi , Ito Kei , Namiki Shigeru , Liang Yongming
Published: December 2020

Characterizing high-z quasar environments is key to understanding the coevolution of quasars and the surrounding galaxies. To restrict their global picture, we statistically examine the g-dropout galaxy overdensity distribution around 570 faint quasar candidates at z ∼ 4, based on the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program survey. We compare the overdensity significances of g-dropout galaxies around the quasars with those around g-dropout galaxies, and find no significant difference between their distributions. A total of 4 (22) out of the 570 faint quasars,

, are found to be associated with the >4σ overdense regions within an angular separation of 1.8 (3.0) arcmin, which is the typical size of protoclusters at this epoch. This is similar to the fraction of g-dropout galaxies associated with the >4σ overdense regions. This result is consistent with our previous work in which

and

of luminous quasars detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey exist in the >4σ overdense regions within 1.′8 and 3.′0 separations, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that the galaxy number densities around quasars are independent of their luminosity, and most quasars do not preferentially appear in the richest protocluster regions at z ∼ 4. The lack of an apparent positive correlation between the quasars and the protoclusters implies that (i) the gas-rich major merger rate is relatively low in the protocluster regions, (ii) most high-z quasars may appear through secular processes, or (iii) some dust-obscured quasars exist in the protocluster regions.
Why Interstellar Ice Dust Grains Should Be Elongated
Authors: Bellan P. M.
Published: December 2020

Models of interstellar dust alignment assume that dust grains are elongated, but none of these models explain why dust grains should be elongated. On the other hand, models of interstellar dust grain growth assume that dust grains are spherical and not elongated. We show that when dusty plasma effects and the dipole moment of water molecules are together taken into account, ice grains in interstellar space should be prolate ellipsoids and not spheres. Dusty plasma analysis shows that an ice grain is charged to a negative potential that has magnitude nearly equal to that of the electron temperature. Several different mechanisms causing deviation from sphericity are identified; these mechanisms involve the interaction of the dipole moment of water molecules with electric fields associated with ice grain charging. These mechanisms include the focusing of water molecule trajectories, the migration of water molecules in a quasi-liquid layer on the grain surface toward regions where the electric field is strongest, the enhancement of this migration by the bombardment of energetic protons that gain energy upon falling into the ice grain negative potential, and mutual repulsion by electric charges having the same sign. The aspect ratio is established shortly after the ice grain is formed, and then is maintained as the grain grows.
A Dust Trap in the Young Multiple System HD 34700
Authors: Benac Peyton , Matrà Luca , Wilner David J. , Jimènez-Donaire Marìa J. , Monnier J. D. , Harries Tim J. , Laws Anna , Rich Evan A. , Zhang Qizhou
Published: December 2020

Millimeter observations of disks around young stars reveal substructures indicative of gas pressure traps that may aid grain growth and planet formation. We present Submillimeter Array observations of HD 34700: two Herbig Ae stars in a close binary system (Aa/Ab, ∼0.25 au), surrounded by a disk presenting a large cavity and spiral arms seen in scattered light, and two distant, lower-mass companions. These observations include 1.3 mm continuum emission and the 12CO 2–1 line at ∼05 (178 au) resolution. They resolve a prominent azimuthal asymmetry in the continuum and Keplerian rotation of a circumbinary disk in the 12CO line. The asymmetry is located at a radius of 155+11
−7 au, consistent with the edge of the scattered-light cavity, being resolved in both radius (72 +14
−15 au) and azimuth (FWHM = 64°+8
−7). The strong asymmetry in millimeter continuum emission could be evidence for a dust trap, together with the more symmetric morphology of 12CO emission and small grains. We hypothesize an unseen circumbinary companion responsible for the cavity in scattered light and creating a vortex at the cavity edge that manifests in dust trapping. The disk mass has limitations imposed by the detection of 12CO and nondetection of 13CO. We discuss its consequences for the potential past gravitational instability of this system, likely accounting for the rapid formation of a circumbinary companion. We also report the discovery of resolved continuum emission associated with HD 34700B (projected separation ∼1850 au), which we explain through a circumstellar disk.
Star Formation in Splash Bridges
Authors: Yeager Travis , Struck Curtis
Published: December 2020

Splash bridges are created from the direct collision of two gas-rich disk galaxies. These direct collisions can eject gas masses on the order of 1010
M
⊙ stripped from the stellar disks of each galaxy. The Taffy Galaxy system (UGC 1294/5) is a prototypical example of a splash bridge system. CO observations of the Taffy revealed that its splash bridge contains a mass of H2 equal to the Milky Way’s H2 mass. However, the little visible star formation occurring within the bridge highlights the need for models of direct gas-rich disk collisions. The Arp 194 system displays what may be another splash bridge resulting from the collision between two disk galaxies. The region between the two stellar disks contains bright clumps of active star formation. We aim to better understand the conditions for star formation in splash bridges by employing a Jeans criterion to determine where gravitational instabilities occur in the shocked and cooling gas of gas-rich disk collisions. The splash bridge results are obtained from our previous work using a sticky particle code and post-processed. We find that the inclination between the gas disks and the collision velocity with which the gas collides strongly affects the fraction of gas that will become gravitationally unstable. Low inclinations between gas disks produce starbursts whereas high inclinations result in steady-rate star formation. The offset of the gas disks at impact will determine how many gas elements directly collide but does not strongly affect the resulting star formation.
Duration and Mortality Characteristics of Patients with Cerebral Tumors Treated in the Intensive Care Unit of Sanglah General Hospital from January to December 2017
Authors: Widyantara Wayan , Ariswanda I Gusti Agung Gede , Naryana Kadek Agus Sudha , Trisnadewi Ni Nyoman Ayu , Putra Ida Bagus Kusuma , Witari Ni Putu , Putra IGN Purna , Widyadharma I Putu Eka , Sinardja Ketut
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The incidence and survival rates of cerebral tumor patients are increasing, along with advances in medical technology. Severe complications, such as multiorgan failure in patients, cause the need for intensive care to improve. The effectiveness of intensive care in tumor patients is still controversial, considering that patients included in low and vulnerable performance status. Patients with cerebral tumors also require intensive care either before or after effective action. The controversy of economic and ethical issues still places aggressive action in intensive care on oncology patients. It is necessary to identify and know the characteristics of tumor patients that are useful in intensive management.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic characteristics, length of stay, complications, and mortality rates of cerebral tumor patients undergoing intensive care at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, the period January–December 2017.
METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive where all sample data collection is secondarily based on existing medical records. The sample population in this study were cerebral tumor patients treated in the intensive care ward Sanglah period January–December 2017 who met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: In the study, it found that 54 patients with the highest number of cerebral tumors treated in the intense sex with women (64.85%) and middle-aged adults (41–60 years) were 31 patients (57.4%). Most diagnoses of cerebral tumors were 39 non-glioma tumors (72.2%) followed by glioma tumors (20.4%) and tumor metastases (7.4%). Non-glioma tumors noted were meningiomas of around 48.1%, followed by glioblastoma multiforme tumors of 9.3%, tumors at the cerebellopontine angle and tumor metastases of 7.4%, respectively. All patients were treated intensively after receiving surgical therapy with a Karnofsky 50 score of about 29 patients (53.7%). All patients came out alive, and there were no recorded complications during treatment with the maximum length of stay of patients in the intensive care unit for up to 3 days by 45 patients (83.3%).
CONCLUSION: The most brain tumor cases are meningioma, which occurred in women, middle-aged adults with no mortality and complications within 3 days during treatment intensive care.
The Role of Follicular Fluid Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Success Rate of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: El-Din Hiathm Ahmed Baha , El Gindy Essam Ahmed , Ahmed Ahmed Kotb , Ibrahim Osama Ahmed , Abdelmegeed Ayman Nady
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The role of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the ovary is to participate in the regulation of ovarian function, especially in follicle development and selection. It inhibits the initiation of human primordial follicle growth and prevents multiple selection of a dominant follicle by reducing the sensitivity of follicles to follicle stimulating hormone.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective clinical trial, outcomes were followed in 60 women undergoing cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) within El-Minia University Hospital. AMH concentration was estimated in pooled follicle fluid (FF) on day of oocyte pickup. Cycles were sorted into low and high groups according to median (50th centile) values of measurement. The fertilization rate (FR), implantation rate, blastocyst development, embryo quality, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy after ICSI were counted as the main outcomes.
RESULTS: Low FF AMH group shows significantly higher percentage of top-quality oocytes (67.1 ± 24.3 vs. 49.6 ± 30.3 %, p = 0.014), FR (83.9 ± 20.9 vs. 72.4 ± 21.4%, p = 0.021), clinical pregnancy (57.57 vs. 16.67%, p > 0.0001), and embryo implantation rates (57.7 vs. 16.7%, p = 0.001) compared to high FF AMH group. FF AMH shares an inverse correlation with FF E2 (Pearson r = −0.409, p < 0.001) and clinical pregnancy (Pearson r = −0.618, p < 0.001). Threshold value of FF AMH for pregnancy is >1.75 ng/mg protein.
CONCLUSION: FF AMH is a plausible specific indicator of functional viability and quality of oocyte in IVF cycles.
The Effect of Giving Dadih on Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression and Malondialdehyde Levels at Aging Kidney
Authors: Harun Harnavi , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Purwanto Bambang , Rahayuningsih Endang Purwati
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The aging process is a complex physiological mechanism that cannot be disclosed in exact detail. Various theories about the aging process have been put forward by many experts.
AIM: This study aims to prove the effect of dadih on manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression and malondialdehyde levels at aging kidney.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used 30 Rattus norvegicus which were divided into three groups: Group 1 was a positive control (did not get dadih), Group 2 received dadih 1 × 4.5 g/day, and Group 3 received dadih 2 × 4.5 g/day for 42 days. After that, MDA levels of kidney tissue are examined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances examination technique and examination of kidney and examination of MnSOD was done by immunohistochemical staining of kidney tissue. Data were analyzed using the normality test with Shapiro-Wilk.
RESULTS: The results showed that dadih were be able to decreased MDA levels in Group 2 and Group 3 compared to Group 1 (control) 0.97 ± 0.06 pg/mL to 0.75 ± 0.03 (p < 0.05). Dadih also increased MnSOD expression sequentially from Group 1 33.66 ± 9.29 to Group 2 53.58 ± 8.51 and Group 3 73.70 ± 4.29 (p < 0.05)
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that dadih can reduce MDA levels in old kidney tissue and dadih can increase the expression of MnSOD.
The The Circulating Visfatin Level Relation to the Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Korzh Oleksii , Titkova Anna , Fylenko Yana
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Adipokines have been associated with atherosclerotic heart disease, which has plenty of common risk factors with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but their association with CKD has not been well characterized.
AIM: We investigated the association between the serum visfatin level and CKD.
METHODS: The serum visfatin levels in 101 CKD patients and 101 controls were compared. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or presence of albuminuria (≥30 mg/24 h).
RESULTS: After adjustment for established CKD risk factors, the median (interquartile range) of the serum visfatin was 3.65 ng/ml (2.31–4.59) in patients with CKD and 1.66 ng/ml (0.90–2.45) in controls without CKD (p < 0.0001 for group difference). Serum visfatin was significantly and inversely correlated with eGFR (r = –0.79, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with urine albumin (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001) in the study participants. There was a strong dose-response and the significant relationship between serum visfatin level and CKD severity, assessed by GFR and albuminuria, regardless of established risk factors for CKD, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSION: Our results show that circulating visfatin is associated with the risk and severity of CKD. These results suggest that longitudinal studies and clinical trials should be conducted to investigate if adipocytokines play a role in the development and progression of CKD independent of body mass index or waist circumference. These important findings may advance our further understanding of CKD risk factors.
A Thirteen-Year-Old Girl with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome – The First Case Described in Litigation
Authors: Lalić Hrvoje
Published: December 2020

AIM: The aim of this paper is to accentuate importance of the expert witness role, occupational medicine specialist, in litigation. The OM specialist proved his importance in broad spectrum of administrative court proceedings, assessment of working capacity, and different type of claims.
CASE REPORT: Here is presented a case of a 13-year-old girl suffering Cornelia de Langue syndrome. The occupational medicine specialist concludes that the girl’s claim toward the Ministry of Demography, Family and Social Affairs is legitimate. Expert witness representing the above ministry came to conclusion that the patient is not heavily disabled due to her mobility and regular school attendance. Due to hearing aid her hearing is satisfactory and she is capable of dressing and feeding herself. In 2012, the girl was diagnosed with Langer-Giedion syndrome 8q23.3-q24.13 deletions and due to the development of molecular diagnosis only in 2015 RAD 21 gene deletion was discovered and she was correctly diagnosed. On examination, occupational medicine specialist found the patient suffering heavy deformations of locomotor system, small hands and feet, genua valga, and flat feet. The hearing is severely impaired in right and moderately in her left ear. Her mother states that she stopped soiling bed at the age of 8 and at present when going to toilette during night she becomes disoriented, sleeps badly, and screams. In the morning, she is not capable of preparing her own food. The patient needs to be examined by endocrinologist, her body is covered in exostoses and she heavily depends on other people.
CONCLUSION: The patient is heavily disabled and in need of help for essential functioning at least until completion of secondary education.
The Effectiveness of Oxytocin and Marmet Massage on Increased Prolactin Hormone for Smooth Breastfeeding in Postpartum Mothers in Langsa City Health Office, Indonesia
Authors: Emilda Emilda , Juliastuti Juliastuti
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: One of the causes of the disruption to the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding is the decrease in milk production experienced by nursing mothers. It is believed that the prolactin hormone and the mother’s perception of breast milk are inadequate. One effort to increase the prolactin hormone is by massaging techniques. This technique has been used by various people in the world for both medical treatment and health care.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effectiveness of Oxytocin and Marble Massage on Prolactin Hormone levels for smooth breast milk in postpartum women in the working areas of Langsa City Health Centre.
METHODS: A quasi-experimental design method prospective cohort was used with no control group design. Giving oxytocin massage treatment and Mamet massage for prolactin hormone levels for smooth milk. The sample was selected of 32 postpartum mothers who were divided into two groups. The number of samples for each group was 16 postpartum mothers per group. Data analysis used the T-independent statistical test approach for bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: The results showed that the highest prolactin hormone level in the Massage method was 1178.0 ƞg/ml and the highest prolactin hormone level was 357.9 ƞg/ml, the highest was 357.9 ƞg/ml. The mean prolactin hormone level in the oxytocin massage group was 195.694 ƞg/ml and in the Mamet group was 538.195 ƞg/ml. The average level of the prolactin hormone by the oxytocin massage method was 195.6 ƞg/ml with Std. deviation 106.8 ƞg/ml while the average method for Mamet massage is 538.9 ƞg/ml with Std. deviation 269.6 ƞg/ml. The results of the statistical test Independent T-test obtained Prolactin Hormone Levels for the Smooth ASI value of p = 0.000, then it can be concluded that there are significant differences between the oxytocin and Mamet massage methods.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference between the oxytocin massage method and Mamet to increase levels of the hormone prolactin in postpartum mothers.
Urethral Extensibility Applied to Urethral Advancement
Authors: Allawi Bahir Sabah , Al-Farhan Alaa H. , Al-Hussaini Rafid F.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The male urethra in humans has a large capacity to extend under traction. This property is the main principle of the urethral advancement technique.
AIM: We aimed to determine the safe limits of urethral mobilization and extensibility for reconstructive surgery of distal to midshaft hypospadias by applying urethral extensibility on the urethral advancement technique. Also, we wanted to evaluate the variable application of the gap-to-urethra (G:U) ratio from a cadaver to a live human body.
METHODS: From November 2004 to February 2006, 20 boys aged from 2 to 16 years old underwent repair of midshaft to glanular hypospadias by urethral advancement technique. The ratio of G:U proposed for a safe limit of urethral extensibility (measured from normal, fresh human cadaveric urethras) applied to know if its application can help in decreasing the rate of late complications. The mean follow-up period was 10 months, which ranged from 4 to 16 months.
RESULTS: Late complications were as follows: 25% meatal retraction (MR), 15% meatal stenosis (MS), and 5% fistula. Besides, MR and MS late complications associated with urethral mobilization of G:U ratio of less than 73%.
CONCLUSION: The more the approximation in the application of the G:U ratio, the less the rate of MS and MR. Besides, urethral mobilization to the base of the penis helps to decrease the frequency of MS and MR. Furthermore, the type of complication, MR or MS, in urethral advancement correlates with the extent of urethral mobilization.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus 2 Interstitial Bilateral Pneumonia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Coco Danilo , Leanza Silvana
Published: December 2020

In December 2019, novel cases of pneumonia were reported for the 1st time in Wuhan, Hubei, China. A novel virus of the big family of coronavirus (COV) was identified as the pathogen, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease is called COV Disease-19 and then SARS-COV 2. The infectious disease has spread worldwide with major number of patients in China, Italy, Spain, France, and the USA. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic. Morbidity and mortality of the disease cannot yet estimate but have already seen that lethality appears to be particularly higher in older patients. The aim of this article is to present a characteristic clinical picture as case report SARS-COV 2 pneumonia and to provide an overview of the existing literature.
Histological and Clinical Findings in Rabbits Sensitized with GM1 Ganglioside
Authors: Dewi Untari Ni Komang Sri , Kusumastuti Kurnia , Suryokusumo Guritno , Sudiana I Ketut , Juliandhy Tedy
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is a peripheral nerve disorder that attacks motor axons and occurs acutely. AMAN is one type of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) which often attacks men of productive age. Until now, although patients have undergone intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy and/or plasmapheresis, long-standing disability remains a problem. In Indonesia, the availability and cost of these therapies are constraints.
AIM: Our study aimed to find a proper animal model suitable for AMAN and can be executed in our institution, Naval Health Institute with a hope to find new therapeutic modalities in healing with AMAN.
METHODS: GM1 ganglioside immunized in New Zealand male white rabbits with complete Freund’s adjuvant, every 3 weeks until 20 weeks. We evaluated the effects GM1 ganglioside on body weight, functional score, and axon degeneration’s scale. Functional score was examined based on Tarlov’s. Hematoxylin-eosin was used to stain this slide.
RESULTS: Rabbits that being immunized with GM1 ganglioside experience a number of neurological signs and symptoms that resemble AMAN, that is, sluggish righting reflex, muscular weakness, flaccid hyper paralysis, and body weight loss. Pathological examination shows extensive degeneration of peripheral nerves, infiltration of macrophages, and perineuritis.
CONCLUSION: This histological and clinical findings support that this neuropathy is induced by an autoimmune response delivered by cells that respond to gangliosides.
Experience of Cancer Patients for the Usage of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapy
Authors: Rasheed Zafar , Al-Rashidy Mohammed , Al-Raqibah Anas , Al-Moqbel Abdulrahman , Al-Bakri Abdulmajeed , Al-Harbi Abdulaziz , Rasheed Naila , Al Abdulmonem Waleed
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients have always been reported to have multiple complications and the treatment has always seemed challenging. The complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy has widely accepted by the patients with various disorders.
AIM: This study evaluated the experience of cancer patients for the usage of CAM therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study designed to determine the experience of cancer patients for the usage of CAM therapy.
RESULTS: Out of 232 cancer patients, 94% were urban residents and were non-smokers. Importantly, 66.4% of cancer patients experienced that the combination of CAM with conventional chemotherapy was effective for their treatment. Among all CAM therapies, 31.5% cancer patients experienced that herbal medicines/herbs were good. Among herbal therapies, green tea and black seeds were most effective for cancer patients. In contrast, 12.5% patients experienced that homeopathic medicines were good for their treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study from Saudi Arabia to show the experience of cancer patients toward the usage of CAM therapy. Most of the cancer patients experienced that CAM therapies with the convention chemotherapy were effective for their treatment. Among all studied CAM therapies, green tea and black seeds were suggested by most of the cancer patients for their treatment.
First Experience in Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kidney Transplant Patient – Case Report
Authors: Severova-Andreevska Galina , Nikolov Igor , Trajceska Lada , Gjorgjievski Nikola , Cana Fadil , Demiri Ilir , Stevanovic Milena , Rambabova-Bushljetikj Irena , Spasovski Goce
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has recently emerged in the world. There are limited data describing the clinical progression of COVID-19 in transplanted patients. In the general population, clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia and may also develop renal failure. In kidney transplant (KT) patients, management of these patients was mainly based on anecdotal experience.
CASE REPORT: We report our first experience of KT patients with COVID-19. A 49-year-old male with KT in 2017 presented on March 20, 2020, with fever, weakness, smell loss, chest pain, and caught. On chest X-ray, he presented ground-glass opacities and bilateral pneumonia. There was a slight progression to acute hypoxic respiratory failure. We reduced immunosuppression therapy and since we suspected seasonal flu, we applied available antiviral oseltamivir till confirmation of RNA sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Moreover, we applied azithromycin and broad spectrum of antibiotics as well as an anticoagulant therapy. Graft function remained stable during 14 days of hospitalization. The patient clinically improved with decreasing oxygen requirements and manifested clinical recovery. After two negative PCR test, he was discharged and immunosuppression therapy was returned to previous.
CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of earlier outpatient hospitalization and testing which may improve COVID-19 outcomes among transplanted patients.
Comparison of Maternal Outcomes of Daily and Weekly Iron Tablet Supplementation in Pregnant Women in Coastal Region, Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Yaznil Muhammad Rizki , Lubis Muara Panusunan , Lumbanraja Sarma Nursani , Barus Melvin Nova Gunawanto , Sarirah Munauwarus
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Weekly consumption of iron supplementation is preferred to daily consumption of iron supplementation because of its minimal side effects and higher level of compliance.
AIM: This study is to compare the maternal outcomes in pregnant women with daily and weekly consumption of iron supplementation in coastal region.
METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019 in Belawan Health Center and Medan Deli Health Center. Sixty-two pregnant women who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were given iron supplement everyday (Group 1, n = 29) and twice a week (Group 2, n = 33). Hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and ferritin serum are tested before starting the iron supplementation. All numerical data were analyzed using t-test.
RESULTS: There is no significant difference in mean hemoglobin and hematocrit before and after iron supplementation p = 0.222 and p = 0.793, respectively, however, decreasing level of ferritin serum from 41.21 to 26.29 ng/ml (p = 0.001) is found. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin serum means, before and after supplementation were not statistically different between daily and weekly group (p = 0.421, p = 0.197, p = 0.917).
CONCLUSION: To prevent iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, weekly or daily iron supplementation show similar effectiveness although continuous consumption of iron supplementation during breastfeeding period is needed to restore iron loss during pregnancy.
Immunohistochemical Expression of “c-MET” in Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Elleithy Nehal Ali Yehia , Nakhla Gina Assaad , Elsheikh Samar A. , Abdelmagid Mona Salah Eldin
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Targeted therapies achieved great success in managing breast cancer, however, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack the expression of traditional therapeutic targets, and other subtypes develop resistance to current therapies. The c-MET receptor emerged as a potential target with well documented pro-proliferative pro-motility downstream signals and wide network of crosstalk with other effectors. Some reports describe a preferential expression of c-MET in TNBCs and promising results in early anti-c-MET clinical trials. However, the main cause of failure of these trials was attributed to patient selection.
AIM: The objectives of the study were to assessment of c-MET in subtypes of breast cancer and its association with other clinicopathological variables that may predict its expression and possibly establish other rationales to refine patient selection for clinical trials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective immunohistochemical study assessing c-MET (clone SP44) in 55 cases of breast carcinoma. The expression of c-MET> 5% was considered positive.
RESULTS: c-MET was detected in 42% of cases. A statistically significant association of c-MET with extremes of age, advanced prognostic stage, carcinoma with medullary features, and high tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was observed for the first time in our study. Grade III, hormone receptor negativity and TNBCs were also significantly associated with c-MET. Only negative progesterone receptor (PR) and high TILs were independently associated with c-MET in a multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). No significant association between c-MET and multifocality, size, node status, anatomic stage, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and Ki-67 expression.
CONCLUSION: PR negativity and high TILs might be useful c-MET predictors and selection tools for clinical trials but further studies are needed to validate the unprecedented findings which may not only aid in patient selection but may also inspire new paradigms in future studies.
The Dermatological Spectrum of Coronavirus Disease-19 Disease: Cutaneous Signs for Diagnostics and Prognosis and an Expanded Classification
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Chiriac Anca , Karadag Ayse Serap
Published: December 2020

During severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV)-2- induced CoV disease (COVID)-19 pandemic cutaneous signs of the disease gained increasing interest for early diagnosis, to establish a prognosis and for differential diagnoses. The present review aims to summarize current knowledge on cutaneous findings in COVID-19. The findings are classified and described clinically. The spectrum of cutaneous signs include acro-ischemic lesions, rash, chilblain-like eruptions, and androgenetic alopecia. Their significance is given, and treatment options are presented. This may allow the clinicians to support triage and optimal treatment for COVID-19 patients.
Key Bullets
• _The COVID-19 pandemic has affected patients world-wide. Despite the leading symptoms are in the respiratory, cardiovascular, hematologic, and neurologic systems, cutaneous manifestations are increasingly be observed.
• _Cutaneous findings in COVID-19 patients may have prognostic and therapeutic consequences. This review attempts to classify cutaneous symptoms, document the observed frequency of their occurrence, the significance for triage of COVID-19-patients, and the treatment of cutaneous manifestations.
A Structure Equation Model Examining Self-care Behavior toward Pregnancy-related Complication and Their Associated Factors among Women in Indonesia
Authors: Nurhasanah Rika , Masrul Masrul , Malini Hema , Tarawan Vita Murniati
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality rate is commonly caused by pregnancy-related complications. Performing adequate self-care could reduce maternal and child mortality, improve quality of life, and reduce health-care expenses. Few studies exploring factors associated with self-care behaviors toward pregnancy-related complications using the basis of Orem’s theory.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the self-care behaviors pregnancy-related complications and their associated factors among women in Indonesia.
METHOD: This study was used a cross-sectional design. A multistage random sampling of 320 pregnant women was recruited from four Public Health Centre in West Java, Indonesia. Participants were 18 years old or older and trimester II and III. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of the mother was 27 years (SD = 6.03) and gestational age was 26 months (SD = 9.17). A pregnant woman has moderate self-care behaviors with a mean of 156.5 (SD = 16.91). Path analysis revealed that knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support have both direct and indirect effects through empowerment on self-care behaviors toward pregnancy-related complications.
CONCLUSION: This finding provides an initial understanding of basic conditioning factors on self-care behaviors and the mediating role of empowerment. This study also provides a significant contribution for clinical practice as basic data to establish future intervention to promote empowerment to achieve optimal self-care behaviors in pregnant women to prevent a complication.
Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Sever COVID 19: A Case Report
Authors: Ibrahim Rasha , Chatzis Georgios P. , Korayem Mohamed A. , Mansour Mahmoud K.
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral disease that can cause devastating complications such as acute respiratory disease, especially in patients with comorbidities. We do not know yet full pictures of this disease, especially in hematological malignancies. Here, we present management of a 57-year-old male with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia, tested positive for COVID-19, then complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Water, Sanitation Dan Hygiene Analysis, and Individual Factors for Stunting among Children Under Two Years in Ambon
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Maria Ida Leida , Jafar Nurhaedar , Hardianti Andi , Mallongi Anwar , Syam Aminuddin
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Nutrition problem is a problem that is still a threat in various countries around the world, one of which is stunting that occurs since the baby is in the womb and in the early period after the baby is born, but only appears after the child is 2 years old.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and individual factors for the incidence of stunting in children aged 7–24 months in the slums of Ambon City.
METHODS: The research was an analytical observational study using a case control study design. The population in this study was all children aged 7–24 months who suffered from stunting in Ambon. The samples were 150 child with a ratio of 1:1 for the case and control groups.
RESULTS: The results showed that WASH (OR=2.7, CI 95%: 1.379–5.566) dan status Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (OR=5.1; CI 95%: 2.279–11.445) was a stunting risk factor. Meanwhile, diarrhea status (OR=2.4; CI 95%: 0.793–7.302), immunization (OR=1.4; CI 95%:0.622–3.260), and smoking history of household members (OR=1.1; CI 95%: 0.540–2.086) are risk factors, but statistically not significant. Maternal education (OR=1.0) is not a risk factor for stunting in children aged 7–24 months.
CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that the WASH condition and low birth weight status are risk factors for stunting in children aged 7–24 months in Ambon.
Implementation of the National Health Insurance Referral System at the Public Health Center in the Pangkajene Kepulauan District in 2019
Authors: Istiqamah Nurul Fajriah , Darmawansyah Darmawansyah , Syafar Muhammad , Mallongi Anwar
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The health service referral system is the organization of health services that regulate the mutual assignment of tasks and responsibilities of health services both vertically and horizontally.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of referral service operational standards at the Kalabbirang Public Health Center in Pangkajene Kepulauan district.
METOHDS: This research method uses a qualitative with a phenomenological. The location of this study is in the Kalabbirang Public Health Center. The informants in this study were the Head of Medical Records Installation, the medical records installation staff of registration, doctors, and nurses. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, document review, and observation. The data obtained analyzed using the content analyze.
RESULTS: The results showed that the Kalabbirang Public Health Center, no operational service standards were governing the procedures of the Public Health Center when receiving patients to be referred back. In addition, doctors do not explain in full to patients information about the referral. The conclusion of this research is the implementation of the referral system at the Kalabbirang Public Health Center in terms of the requirements for referring to be in accordance with the national referral system.
CONCLUSION: We need socialization to understand more deeply about the referral system and equate perceptions among health workers about the referral mechanism in the Kalabbirang Public Health Center.
Comparison of Success Management Effect of Therapy Use of Generic Drugs and Branded Drugs in Typhoid Fever Patients in Installation of Inpatients
Authors: Handayany Gemy Nastity , Mulat Trimaya Cahya , Irawaty Irawaty , Mallongi Anwar
Published: December 2020

AIM: This research aim to know the comparison of efficacy of the effect therapy uses generic ciprofloxacin and branded drug tequinol from patient of typhoid fever.
METHODS: The research method has the character of the descriptive observational with the technique intake of sample is consecutive sampling/quota sampling. Subject research was conducted on 67 sample fulfilling criterion of inclusion and exclusion diagnosed by typhoid fever at period January–March 2018.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients use the generic ciprofloxacin and 33 patients use the brand tequinol. Time of fever degradation for patient using brand tequinol range from 1 to 3 day and for patient using generic ciprofloxacin 3–7 day.
CONCLUSION: After tested to use the Mann–Whitney test, there is difference having a meaning of hospitalization of to lodge briefer and free from fever quicker at brand tequinol than generic ciprofloxacin at patient of typhoid fever in RSUD Haji Makassar (p < 0.05).
The Effect of Moringa oleifera to Hemoglobin Levels of Preconception Women in the Health Center Tibawa District Tibawa, Gorontalo
Authors: Mustapa Yusna , Hadju Veny , Indriasari Rahayu , Hidayanti Healthy , Sirajuddin Saifuddin , Russeng Syamsiar S.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Gorontalo Province is still high at 194.7/100,000 live births. Causes of high MMR include bleeding and anemia.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of giving Moringa oleifera extract on the hemoglobin concentration of preconception women in the area of the health center Tibawa.
METHODS: This research method was a true experiment with a type of randomized controlled double-blind intervention of WUS aged 15–35 years with a sample of 44 people selected using purposive sampling techniques collected by trained personnel, including general data of respondents.
RESULTS: The results showed nutritional status and hemoglobin concentration in the treatment group of 12 people (54%) with an increase in Hb 0.1–1.0 g/dl and ten people (45%) with an increase in Hb 1.5–2.0 g/dl after the intervention, whereas in the control group of five people (22%) with an increase in Hb 0.1–1.0 g/dl and 17 people (77%), there was no increase in Hb after the intervention. There was a significant difference in hemoglobin concentration in the treatment group with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) with an average increase of 1.54. There was a significant difference in hemoglobin concentration in controls with p = 0.025 (p < 0.05) with an average increase of 0.22.
CONCLUSION: There is a difference in the effect between administration of M. oleifera extract that is more effective on hemoglobin concentration compared to MMN. It is hoped that in supporting government programs in reducing anemia in women of childbearing age, M. oleifera extract can be an alternative to giving blood-added tablets MMN.
Dating Behavior and Age at First Time having Premarital Sexual Intercourse on Young Men in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Uswatun Hasanah Purnama , Moedjiono Apik Indarty , Bustan Nadjib M.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of growth and development that occurs dynamically and rapidly both physically, psychologically, intellectually, socially, and sexual behavior that is associated with the onset of puberty. Health problems in adolescence are one of the important problems in the lifecycle. One of the health problems of adolescents today is sexual conduct before marriage. This behavior is a sexual behavior that is very risky to cause unwanted pregnancy problems, and risks causing various diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases, and even HIV/AIDS.
AIM: The aim of the study was to describe dating behavior and age at first having premarital sexual relations for adolescent boys in Indonesia in 2017.
METHODS: This study uses data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (SDKI) in 2017 with the number of male respondents who are not married aged 15–24 years as many as 12,523 person.
RESULTS: The results showed that more adolescents who are dating are 7047 people (56.3%) compared to those who are dating who are as many as 5476 people (43.7%). The most age at first having sexual relations with young men is at the age of 17 years, namely, as many as 254 people (20.2%), while the age at first having sexual relations with young at least is at the age of 11 years, as many as two people (0.2%).
CONCLUSION: It is suggested to the role of parents, schools, health centers, and health offices in providing information related to comprehensive reproductive health education.
Related Health Service Provider with Mental Health during Pregnancy
Authors: Lail Nurul Husnul , Machmud Rizanda , Edwin Adnil , Yusrawati Yusrawati , Mallongi Anwar
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Mental illness or mental health problems during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries are very high; the average prevalence reaches 15.6%. Subsequent research was conducted by Indian in the Jakarta and Bogor regions in the period January–June 2018 regarding the incidence of perinatal depression by 23.6% in the Bogor.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the mental illness or mental health problems during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries.
METHODS: This research is qualitative research. This research was conducted in January–June 2019 in the Bogor independent practice midwife. Informants in the study came from the East Jakarta Health Office, Chair of the Indonesian Midwives Association, Head of the Health Center, Coordinating Midwives, Pregnant Women and husbands, and families of pregnant women. Data are analyzed by Regression Logistic.
RESULTS: Construction model mental health of mothers during pregnancy in independent practice midwives is very important and needs attention. Pregnancy is still considered a physical change that needs to be intervened because it is easier to handle and easily detects it. Maternal examination during pregnancy is carried out by midwives, in the implementation of mental health checks during pregnancy for pregnant women, this role has not all been carried out optimally.
CONCLUSION: This research suggests conducting socialization with midwives as well as across-related sectors to get political support in carrying out activities in health facilities and independent practice midwives.
The Effect of Educational Media Development in Increasing Knowledge and Attitudes on Pregnancy Complications at Sayang Rakyat Hospital in Makassar
Authors: Stang Stang , Selin Debora , Suriah Suriah , Marwang Sumarni , Ishak Hasanuddin
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Each pregnancy and childbirth has complication risks. These complications are accompanying pathological incidences that might cause maternal mortality.
AIM: This research aims to determine the effect of educational media development in increasing knowledge and attitudes about complications of pregnancy and childbirth in pregnant women.
METHODS: This research method passed through several stages as follows: First stage consisted of the development of educational media (leaflets), and second stage consisted of development test with leaflet media using a quasi-experimental research design. The samples were Trimester I to Trimester III pregnant women who visited Sayang Rakyat Hospital Makassar, which consisted of 30 people as intervention group and 30 people as control group. The intervention group was provided leaflets while the control group was provided books on maternal and child health. Data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann–Whitney test.
RESULTS: The results showed that there are differences in case of knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding complications of pregnancy and childbirth before and after being provided with leaflet intervention with a value of p = 0.000. Likewise, there are differences in the case of knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications between the intervention and control groups with p = 0.041 and 0.001, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Educational media on knowledge and attitudes about complications of pregnancy and childbirth has a positive effect in pregnant women at Sayang Rakyat Hospital in Makassar.
Prognostic Factors and Survival Rate of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Eastern Indonesia: Kaplan–Meier and Cox Regression Approach
Authors: Arsunan Arsin A. , Elisafitri Rezki , Wahyu Atjo , Aisyah Aisyah
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common childhood hematological malignancies with an incident each year that tends to increase.
AIM: This study aims to determine the survival rate of childhood ALL in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and the prognostic factors that influence it.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was conducted among childhood ALL. The samples were patients ALL diagnosed since January 1, 2014, until 31, 2017, in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital. A total of 109 patients were selected by simple random sampling. Data collected through medical records observations. Data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS: The cumulative survival rate of childhood ALL was 26%. The prognostic factors associated with survival of childhood ALL were nutritional status (p = 0.028), leukocyte counts (p = 0.000), platelet counts (p = 0.000), and comorbidity (p = 0.000). Based on multivariate analysis with Cox regression, the most influencing prognostic factor on survival of ALL patients was comorbidity (p = 0.000, hazard ratio = 3.699 confidence interval 95% 1.945–7.033). Childhood ALL with comorbidities had a risk of death 3699 times higher than childhood ALL without comorbidities.
CONCLUSION: Nutritional status, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, and comorbidity were prognostic factors that influence survival of childhood ALL. Comorbidity was the most influencing prognostic factor on survival of childhood ALL.