bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Separate Single-Outcome Risk Presentations Instead of Integrated Multioutcome Formats Improves Comprehension in Discrete Choice Experiments
Authors: Wallace Matthew J. , Weissler E. Hope , Yang Jui-Chen , Brotzman Laura , Corriere Matthew A. , Secemsky Eric A. , Sutphin Jessie , Johnson F. Reed , Marcos Gonzalez Juan , Tarver Michelle E. , Saha Anindita , Chen Allen L. , Gebben David J. , Malone Misti , Farb Andrew , Babalola Olufemi , Rorer Eva M. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. , Reed Shelby D.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Despite decades of research on risk-communication approaches, questions remain about the optimal methods for conveying risks for different outcomes across multiple time points, which can be necessary in applications such as discrete choice experiments (DCEs). We sought to compare the effects of 3 design factors: 1) separated versus integrated presentations of the risks for different outcomes, 2) use or omission of icon arrays, and 3) vertical versus horizontal orientation of the time dimension.

Methods

We conducted a randomized study among a demographically diverse sample of 2,242 US adults recruited from an online panel (mean age 59.8 y, s = 10.4 y; 21.9% African American) that compared risk-communication approaches that varied in the 3 factors noted above. The primary outcome was the number of correct responses to 12 multiple-choice questions asking survey respondents to identify specific numbers, contrast options to recognize dominance (larger v. smaller risks), and compute differences. We used linear regression to test the effects of the 3 design factors, controlling for health literacy, graph literacy, and numeracy. We also measured choice consistency in a subsequent DCE choice module

Results

Mean comprehension varied significantly across versions ( P < 0.001), with higher comprehension in the 3 versions that provided separated risk information for each risk. In the multivariable regression, separated risk presentation was associated with 0.58 more correct responses ( P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.77) compared with integrated risk information. Neither providing icon arrays nor using vertical versus horizontal time formats affected comprehension rates, although participant understanding did correlate with DCE choice consistency.

Conclusions

In presentations of multiple risks over multiple time points, presenting risk information separately for each health outcome appears to increase understanding.

Highlights

When conveying information about risks of different outcomes at multiple time points, separate presentations of single-outcome risks resulted in higher comprehension than presentations that combined risk information for different outcomes. We also observed benefits of presenting single-outcome risks separately among respondents with lower numeracy and graph literacy. Study participants who scored higher on risk understanding were more internally consistent in their responses to a discrete choice experiment.
Robot control based on motor primitives: A comparison of two approaches
Authors: Nah Moses C. , Lachner Johannes , Hogan Neville
Published: June 2024

Motor primitives are fundamental building blocks of a controller which enable dynamic robot behavior with minimal high-level intervention. By treating motor primitives as basic “modules,” different modules can be sequenced or superimposed to generate a rich repertoire of motor behavior. In robotics, two distinct approaches have been proposed: Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) and Elementary Dynamic Actions (EDAs). While both approaches instantiate similar ideas, significant differences also exist. This paper attempts to clarify the distinction and provide a unifying view by delineating the similarities and differences between DMPs and EDAs. We provide nine robot control examples, including sequencing or superimposing movements, managing kinematic redundancy and singularity, control of both position and orientation of the robot’s end-effector, obstacle avoidance, and managing physical interaction. We show that the two approaches clearly diverge in their implementation. We also provide a real-robot demonstration to show how DMPs and EDAs can be combined to get the best of both approaches. With this detailed comparison, we enable researchers to make informed decisions to select the most suitable approach for specific robot tasks and applications.
Long-term discontinuation of warfarin in a patient with HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device without thromboembolic events
Authors: Dharuman Yoganiranjana , Doss Mirko , Risteski Petar , Popov Aron Frederik
Published: June 2024

The gold standard therapy for end-stage heart failure is cardiac transplantation. However, in the face of a donor shortage, a mechanical assist device such as the left ventricular assist device HeartMate 3 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) serves as bridging therapy to transplantation and/or destination therapy. Current guidelines recommend anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist in combination with low-dose aspirin. We herein report a challenging anticoagulation regimen in a patient with a HeartMate 3 in whom systemic anticoagulation with warfarin was not feasible for 4 years because of low compatibility and a rare X-factor deficiency. This is a rare hematological disorder, estimated to affect approximately 1 in every 500,000 to 1,000,000 people in the general population. The patient finally received a modified anticoagulation regimen involving the combination of rivaroxaban and clopidogrel without warfarin. Under this regimen, the patient remained free of thromboembolic complications for 4 years with in situ placement of the left ventricular assist device. This case illustrates that under specific circumstances, long-term absence of warfarin therapy is feasible in patients with a HeartMate 3.
Mismatch repair protein deficiency in triple-negative breast carcinomas
Authors: Maraqa Bayan , Al- Ashhab Maxim , Zughaier Hamza , Barakat Fareed , Khader Majd , Al Maaitah Hussein , Alabweh Ruba , Sughayer Maher
Published: June 2024

Background

Breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), poses a significant global health burden. Chemotherapy was the mainstay treatment for TNBC patients until immunotherapy was introduced. Studies indicate a noteworthy prevalence (0.2% to 18.6%) of mismatch repair protein (MMRP) deficiency in TNBC, with recent research highlighting the potential of immunotherapy for MMRP-deficient metastatic breast cancer. This study aims to identify MMRP deficiency in TNBC patients using immunohistochemistry.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study design was used and included TNBC patients treated between 2015 and 2021 at King Hussein Cancer Center. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess MMRP expression

Results

Among 152 patients, 14 (9.2%) exhibited deficient MMR (dMMR). Loss of PMS2 expression was observed in 13 patients, 5 of whom showed loss of MLH1 expression. Loss of MSH6 and MSH2 expression was observed in one patient. The median follow-up duration was 44 (3–102) months. Despite the higher survival rate (80.8%, 5 years) of dMMR patients than of proficient MMR patients (62.3%), overall survival did not significantly differ between the two groups.

Conclusion

Approximately 9% of TNBC patients exhibit dMMR. dMMR could be used to predict outcomes and identify patients with TNBC who may benefit from immunotherapy.
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease mimicking an appendiceal neoplasm: a case report
Authors: Kim Dongwoo , Lee Jongwon , Jung Minsoo , Lee Su Lim , Yim Kwangil , Chong Yosep , Alam Mohammad Rizwan , Seo Kyung Jin
Published: June 2024

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition characterized by chronic activation of the immune system and a tendency to form tumorous lesions. IgG4-RD is frequently characterized by the presence of tumor-like masses affecting multiple organs and is easily mistaken for a malignant neoplasm. However, IgG4-RD affecting the appendix is extremely rare, with only seven cases reported previously. We report the case of a woman in her early 60s who presented with insidious abdominal pain and radiological findings mimicking appendiceal neoplasms. After diagnosing appendiceal neoplasms, surgery was performed. The patient had a serum IgG4 concentration of <1.35 g/L, which did not satisfy one of the three revised comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. A pathological examination was conducted, and the patient was diagnosed with appendiceal IgG4-RD. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previously reported cases of IgG4-RD affecting the appendix in patients with low serum IgG4 concentrations. This report may prove beneficial for the future understanding of IgG4-RD and for the revision of diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Did the horned dinosaur Protoceratops inspire the griffin?
Authors: Witton Mark P. , Hing Richard A.
Published: June 2024

Among the most widely promoted examples of fossil folklore is a supposed link between the Central Asian horned dinosaur Protoceratops and the griffin, a gold-guarding mythical creature combining features of lions and birds. First proposed in the 1990s, this geomyth postulates that tales of Protoceratops fossils were transmitted westward along trade routes from Asian gold mines to inform griffin lore among the ancient Greeks. An evaluation of the Protoceratops–griffin link, however, finds it uncompelling. Not only does it ignore established histories of griffin art and myth, but no convincing connections occur between Protoceratops and central aspects of griffin lore, such as gold guarding. In fact, Protoceratops fossils occur hundreds of kilometres from the nearest gold deposits, subverting suggestions that they inspired the griffin's association with gold. Interpretations of ancient literary references to griffins as pertaining to Protoceratops are unconvincing, and suggested anatomical similarities between griffins and Protoceratops are selectively identified. We regard the Protoceratops–griffin link as an ‘ex post facto geomyth’: an effort to find significance in superficial, inconsequential readings of geological phenomena and mythology. We posit that the allure of ancient cultures sharing our modern fascination with dinosaurs has denied this idea due scepticism.
Developing an Integrated Activity-Based Travel Demand Model for Analyzing the Impact of Electric Vehicles on Traffic Networks and Vehicular Emissions
Authors: Shahrier Hasan , Arunakirinathan Vajeeran , Hossain Fariba , Habib Muhammad Ahsanul
Published: June 2024

The integrated Transport Land-use and Energy (iTLE) model is combined with traffic and emission simulators to examine the effects of electric vehicle (EV) adoption on traffic networks and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. The research uses data from the 2022 Halifax Travel Activity (HaliTRAC) survey to develop an EV type choice model within iTLE, while traffic and emission simulators are created on PTV VISUM and MOVES3.0 platforms. Along with the base case scenario (2022), two more scenarios are considered at five-year intervals: 2027 (scenario-1), and 2032 (scenario-2). The traffic assignment model is calibrated and validated for the base year (2022) considering traffic volume data of fifty (50) different intersections of Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM). The findings reveal that the younger generation, higher-income households, and full-time workers are more inclined to adopt EVs in the future. The estimated EV adoption rate for 2027 is 16.3% from the base year (2022), increasing to 31% by 2032. Regarding GHG emissions, the morning peak period in 2027 witnessed a notable 18.5% decrease compared to the base year of 2022, and in 2032, this reduction became even more substantial at 31.8% compared to 2027. Similarly, the evening peak period also experienced significant declines, with a 22.4% decrease in 2027 and a more remarkable 32.9% reduction in 2032. The outcomes of this research will be valuable for urban planners, engineers, and government officials when implementing climate action plans as they devise effective policy measures related to vehicles.
Left ventricular remodeling and its correlation with serum cardiac troponin I in patients with end-stage renal disease treated
Authors: Xie JiWen , Xie Jing , Xie DingXiong , Long XiaoLi
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To investigate the effects of different blood purification modes on left ventricular remodeling and its relationship with serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Method:

A total of 108 patients with ESRD were selected, 55 cases were divided into hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion (HD + HP) group, in which patients participants accepted routine hemodialysis for three times/week and hemoperfusion for three times/month; 53 cases in hemodialysis combined with hemodialysis filtration (HD + HDF) group, routine hemodialysis three times/week + hemodialysis filtration three times/month. The total duration of dialysis in the study was 1 year. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were measured before dialysis and 1 year after treatment, and related parameters were measured by echocardiography, including ventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVEDs), and left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI). The paired t test was used within the group. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman correlation analysis.

Result:

After treatment, the levels of cTnI, IVST, LVPWT, LVEDd, LVEDs, and LVMI in the two groups were increased, and the results were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). In addition, cTnI of the two groups was significantly correlated with IVST, LVPWT, LVEDd, LVEDs, and LVMI (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Left ventricular remodeling is common in patients with ESRD, HD + Hp, and HD + HDF cannot reduce the phenomenon of left ventricular remodeling, cTnI can be used as a predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement.
Positive Aspects of Caregiving in Familial Care for Nonagenarians and Centenarians: Findings from Hong Kong Centenarian Study
Authors: Lau Bobo Hi-Po , Pat Lian Ying-Chun , Siu Joey Chung-Yue , Shum Eric Ngai-Yin
Published: June 2024

Caregiving for the fast-growing but vulnerable oldest-old population may involve distinct challenges but also gratification. We analyzed quantitative and qualitative data from family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults aged 95 or above in Hong Kong. Quantitative analysis of 143 caregivers revealed that higher age, dependence on basic activities of daily living, independence on instrumental activities of daily living, and intact hearing ability of the older adults, and absence of a domestic helper and better self-rated health of the caregivers were associated with more positive aspects of caregiving. Qualitative analysis of the 96 caregivers who mentioned at least a positive aspect from their caregiving identified three themes: acquiring caregiving skills, fulfilling family love and obligation, and preparing for graceful aging. Our findings elaborated the nature and mechanism of caregiving gains against the unique backdrop of exceptional longevity and the Chinese cultural expectations of filial piety.
Smartphone Proficiency in Community-Dwelling Older Adults is Associated With Higher-Level Competence and Physical Function: A Population-Based Age-Specific Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shimokihara Suguru , Tabira Takayuki , Maruta Michio , Makizako Hyuma , Han Gwanghee , Ikeda Yuriko , Kamasaki Taishiro , Akasaki Yoshihiko , Hidaka Yuma , Kumura Yusuke , Kukizaki Wataru , Nakahara Rena , Matsunaga Shuto , Medina Leiya , Kubozono Takuro , Ohishi Mitsuru
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, smartphone ownership has increased among older adults. While previous research has examined the impact of smartphone use on the health of older adults, this study focuses on the less-explored relationship between smartphone use, proficiency, and health-related outcomes including higher-level competence. The study was a cross-sectional survey of 208 community-dwelling older adults who used smartphones daily. Smartphone use, including years of use and applications, was assessed and categorized by age group. Health-related outcomes were measured, including cognitive and psychological function, higher-level competence, basic daily abilities, and physical function. The results indicated that smartphone proficiency decreased with age, with older adults primarily using basic smartphone applications. Notably, higher smartphone proficiency was positively associated with higher-level competence and physical functions. The study underscores the importance of considering smartphone proficiency when assessing older adults’ life skills and physical performance in our digital society.
Valorisation of grape stem as an alternative ingredient in rabbit feed
Authors: San Martin David , Ibarruri Jone , Gutierrez Monica , Ferrer Jorge , Garcia-Rodriguez Aser , Goiri Idoia , Urkiza Jabier , Zufía Jaime , Sáez de Cámara Estíbaliz , Iñarra Bruno
Published: June 2024

Grape stem is a winery by-product that it is currently disposed as waste or at best as soil conditioner. However, it is rich in fibres and polyphenols which makes it interesting for animal feeding. In this regard, rabbit farming emerges as a target livestock farming since fibre content is essential in rabbit’s diets for preventing digestive troubles and polyphenols are associated with improved performances in animals due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This study aims to assess the suitability of a grape stem-based ingredient for rabbit feeding. The stem was dried using flash drying technology to prevent rapid spoilage and stabilise the ingredient. Then, its nutritional value was evaluated resulting in a high fibre (>40%) and polyphenol (>6%) content ingredient with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. A feed efficiency trial was conducted and inclusion rates of up to 10% of grape stem-based ingredient did not affect animals’ mortality, average daily feed intake, daily gain or feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, grape stem-based ingredient arises as a secondary feedstuff for cuniculture reducing the dependence on other fibre sources, such as cereals or sunflower hulls. This could also contribute to reduce the environmental footprint of the wine sector by giving a second life to an existing waste, while generating a new activity based on circular economy.
Corporate Social Responsibility in The Disinformation Age
Authors: Bennett W. Lance , Uldam Julie
Published: June 2024

Following a long period in which pressures to adopt CSR practices came largely from the left, the current communication environment has become far more divisive with the rise of illiberal political pressures from the right. These conflicting pressures arise from irreconcilable communication logics that threaten the future of CSR. This paper examines how these disruptive communication logics reflect the changing roles of disinformation in CSR communication, highlighting two overlapping eras: (1) the history of some companies using disinformation strategically to avoid or misrepresent CSR commitments; and (2) the more recent addition of what we term systemic disinformation generated by politicians, think tanks, and irresponsible competitors. These disinformation spheres challenge liberal democratic values and amplify attacks on CSR values. We discuss the dilemmas for companies seeking to adopt more responsible business practices and explore the implications of CSR communication becoming increasingly linked to larger societal conflicts over the nature of democracy.
A comprehensive mathematical theory and optimized design of a high-frequency electro-pneumatic variable valve actuator for a camless IC engine
Authors: Satalagaon Ajay Kumar , Guha Abhijit , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar
Published: June 2024

This paper discusses the development of a detailed mathematical theory and its use for the design of an electronically controlled, double-acting Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) mechanism for a camless internal combustion engine, that offers a comprehensive control over the timings and the motion of the valves such that any arbitrary time-variation of the valve lift profile can be obtained at variable rotational speeds of the engine shaft. The developed theory encompasses the thermo-fluid-dynamic as well as the applied-mechanical aspects of the actuator cylinder-engine valve system performance, the dynamics of the valve actuation being characterized by parameters such as valve opening duration, peak lift and seating velocity. The prediction of the mathematical theory compares well with several experimental data sets obtained from an in-house pneumatic VVA set-up. A new design methodology is formulated for determining the appropriate dimensions of the actuator, operating thermodynamic parameters and the electronic control of the various valve events for a desired range of engine rotational speed. Several parameters in the new design philosophy are kept within acceptable ranges established from time-tested data obtained from conventional cam-based valve actuation. For example, a new pneumatic cushioning strategy has been developed that is simple, effective and energy-efficient, and is able to keep the valve seating velocity within an acceptable range (0.08–1.13 m/s). The work also discusses the implementation of several constraints that are necessary for the design of a practically viable pneumatic actuator. The evolution of a design matrix map for the electro-pneumatic VVA is quantified for the engine rotational speed varying up to 5500 rpm.
Investigation on microstructure and wear resistance of WC coated aluminum alloy using machine hammer peening
Authors: Lin Xiaohui , Sun Guoliang , Xu Jiaming , Shen Jiayi
Published: June 2024

Due to the characteristic of low density and high strength, Aluminum alloy have been applied in various industries. However, poor surface properties, such as wear resistance, are the main reason for limiting its application. In this study, machine hammer peening (MHP) was used for embedding tungsten carbide (WC) particles in near-surface zone of aluminum alloy and the microstructure and wear resistance were investigated. The results show that WC particles can be embedded into aluminum alloy using MHP and WC coatings were generated with large and medium WC particles. The values of surface roughness were increased with increasing of WC particles sizes and XRD analysis indicated that no new compound was found during coating process. The significant increasing of wear resistance of WC coating has been obtained. MHP is a novel technique for obtaining WC coating and improving the tribological performance of aluminum alloy. Furthermore, it offers new possibilities to embedding hard particles in substrates of various materials.
Control stability analysis of dynamic model with time delay for quadrotor UAV
Authors: Li Xi , Qi Guoyuan , Zhang Limin
Published: June 2024

For the first-order unstable object with time delay, the PD control parameter tuning method based on the traditional definition lacks consideration of the lower boundary of amplitude margin, resulting in a certain deviation between the result and the reality. In this paper, through analyzing the control loop of quadrotor UAV (QUAV), the integral link is moved from the controlled object to the controller, and the QUAV becomes a first-order unstable object, realizing the conversion of PD to PI in the hovering state. The system stability margin remains unchanged, and the position and attitude control objectives can be realized synchronously. By means of parameter setting method, the upper boundary of stability margin is obtained. Pade approximation is carried out for the time delay link, and then the lower margin of the amplitude margin is deduced according to Routh stability criterion, so as to obtain a more accurate reachable stability margin region. To avoid the high gain feedback of attitude angular velocity of QUAV, a numerical analytical setting formula for PD attitude control is derived to meet the requirements of gain and phase margin. The graph shows that the reachable region obtained by the strict definition of stability margin analysis decreases significantly. The proposed method can not only give the reachable region intuitively, but also give the tuning formula of the control parameters concisely, which has important engineering application value.
Cellulose acetate scaffold coated with a hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite for application in tissue engineering
Authors: dos Santos Menezes Luan , Navarro da Rocha Daniel , Nonato Renato Carajelescov , Costa Ana Rosa , Morales Ana Rita , Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço , Correr Américo Bortolazzo , Neves José Guilherme
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize porous Cellulose Acetate (CA) scaffolds using the electrospinning technique and functionalize the surface of the scaffolds obtained through the dip-coating method with a Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposite and varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) for application in tissue engineering regeneration techniques. The scaffolds were divided into four distinct groups based on their composition: 1) CA scaffolds; 2) CAHAC scaffolds; 3) CAHAGOC 1.0% scaffolds; 4) CAHAGOC 1.5% scaffolds. Scaffold analyses were conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and in vitro cell viability assays (WST). For the biological test analysis, Variance (two-way) was used, followed by Tukey’s post-test (α = 0.05). The XRD results revealed the predominant presence of CaP phases in the CAHAC, CAHAGOC 1.0%, and CAHAGOC 1.5% groups, emphasizing the presence of HA in the scaffolds. FTIR demonstrated characteristics of cellulose and PO4 bands in the groups containing HA, confirming the presence of CaP in the synthesized materials, as also indicated by XRD. Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of D and G bands, consistent with GO, confirming the successful incorporation of the HAGO nanocomposite into the scaffolds. The micrographs displayed overlapping electrospun fibers, forming the three-dimensional structure in the produced scaffolds. It was possible to observe hydroxyapatite crystals filling some of these pores, creating a suitable structure for cell adhesion, proliferation, and nutrition, as corroborated by the results of in vitro tests. All scaffolds exhibited high cell viability, with significant cell proliferation. Even after 48 h, there was a slight reduction in the number of cells, but a noteworthy increase in cell proliferation was evident in the CAHAGOC 1.5% group after 48 h ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, it can be affirmed that the produced scaffolds demonstrated physical and biological characteristics and properties capable of promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, they represent significant potential for application in tissue engineering, offering a new perspective regarding techniques and biomaterials applied in regenerative therapies.
Clinical features in Hodgkin lymphoma patients living with human immunodeficiency virus: A meta-analysis in the antiretroviral therapy era
Authors: Souza Amaxsell TB de , Andrade Fernanda RA de , Sarmento Ayane CA , Villarim Carolina C , Araújo-Filho Irami , Medeiros Kleyton S de
Published: June 2024

Objective

Evaluate the clinical features in people with Hodgkin's lymphoma living with HIV (HIV-HL) during the combination ART (cART) era.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

The study was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of 2020 PRISMA and MOOSE statements. The protocol was prospectively registered through the PROSPERO (CRD42021289520). Manuscripts published until July 2023 were systematically searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, with no language and year of publication restriction. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate a pooled proportion of each outcome using a random-effect analysis. Quality assessment was performed by using New-Castle Ottawa scale. Certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE.

Results

Sixteen cohorts, representing 3.882 HIV-HL patients, were included in this review. Our findings indicate that HIV-HL patients showed a 2-year overall survival (OS) of 92% (95% CI 0.87, 0.95). However, the 5-year overall survival decreased to 79% (95% CI 0.74, 0.83), with a high certainty of evidence according to GRADE. Additionally, the 5-year progression-free survival declined to 79% and complete remission rate increased to 81%. Our meta-analysis indicates an increase for B symptoms (80%, 95% CI 0.75, 0.84) and extranodal involvement in bone marrow (43%, 95% CI 0.30, 0.47) among HIV-HL patients.

Conclusion

The HIV-HL patients showed a 2-year OS of 92%. However, the 5-year OS decreased to 79%. The reported main cause of mortality among HIV-HL patients was progression of HL. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that cART is associated with improved short-term survival of HIV-HL patients.
Inverse design optimization of the compressor cascade airfoil assisted by active subspace approach
Authors: Chen Yutian , Zheng Qun , Jiang Yuting , Jiang Bin
Published: June 2024

The application of inverse design in engineering is constrained by uncertainty over when to cease calculations owing to solution fluctuations and suboptimal aerodynamic parameter distribution. The proposed method for inverse design optimization incorporates active subspace assistance to effectively address these significant limitations. The optimal load distribution is achieved by the integration of sparse polynomial approximation and genetic algorithm. Furthermore, active subspace method is employed to solve the control zone of optimal static pressure/load distribution. The inverse design calculation is terminated when current load distribution falls completely within the control zone. Within the control zone, all static pressure/load distributions following a certain variance are guaranteed to provide nearly identical aerodynamic performance. The results indicate that the static pressure/load distribution of the final solution entirely falls within the control zone, while its aerodynamic performance approximates the optimal target value. In comparison to the initial solution, the final solution exhibits a significant decrease of 3.6% in the total pressure loss coefficient.
Leveraging Big Data for Enhanced Strategic Planning and Improved Firm Performance: A Study of Indian Organizations
Authors: Sarbhai Archana , Khare Vivek
Published: June 2024

This research article investigates the impact of big data usage on firm performance in the dynamic context of Indian organizations. With a focus on understanding how these organizations leverage big data techniques to enhance various functional areas and the role of strategic planning within this framework, the study contributes to bridging existing knowledge gaps. The study employs the dynamic capability view theory to explore the intricate relationship between big data resources, data analysis capabilities, and competitive advantage in the Indian business ecosystem. Through a comprehensive analysis of empirical data from diverse Indian organizations, the research aims to provide practical insights into the relationship between big data usage and firm performance. The findings not only guide Indian firms in optimizing their utilization of big data but also offer valuable information for policymakers and industry stakeholders. The study further delves into the mediating role of strategic planning in the relationship between big data usage and firm performance. This research article not only contributes to the theoretical foundations of big data analytics and strategic planning but also offers practical guidance for Indian organizations seeking to harness the full potential of these capabilities for enhanced firm performance. The findings underscore the transformative power of big data and emphasize the need for strategic planning to fully capitalize on this transformative potential in the Indian business context.
Perspective. Human labour, a capitalist challenge
Authors: Linhart Danièle
Published: June 2024

Human resource departments aim to encourage employees to carry out their work in a way that meets the strict performance and efficiency criteria set by management. This gives rise to strong tensions and contradictions. On the one hand, this involves a systematic individualisation of employee management, which may weaken informal collectivities, as well as an overemphasis on employees’ personal, emotional and narcissistic propensities. Employees may be called upon to ‘find themselves’, to find fulfilment in their work. On the other hand, the organisation of work continues to be inspired largely by Taylorian principles, with imperative prescriptions in the form of procedures, reporting and best practices, all devised somewhat abstractly by consultancies. To palliate any hint of resistance, employees may be disempowered through a policy of perpetual change, which ultimately undermines their professional expertise and sense of legitimacy. This becomes a source of distress and personal insecurity. Employees may attempt to resist individually, and sporadic forms of unexpected collective action may emerge.
Intersectional Structural Stigma: A Qualitative Study With Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the Southwest United States
Authors: Mercado Micaela , Law Lara , Ferguson-Colvin Kristin , Wolfersteig Wendy
Published: June 2024

This study explored the manifestations of intersectional structural stigma and stigma-reducing strategies in the context of health among a diverse group of persons experiencing homelessness in the southwest United States. Purposive sampling was used to recruit youth (ages 12–17), young adults (ages 18–24), adults (ages 25 years old or older), women with children, veterans, and males over 60 years old who self-identified as homeless. Grounded theory was applied, and thematic analysis was conducted using data collected from seven focus groups ( n = 76 participants). A model of intersectional stigma was adapted from the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework. This adaptation depicts pathways for addressing intersectional stigmatization experienced by individuals with multiple intersecting identities across the interpersonal, organization, and community levels not explicitly addressed in the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework. At the interpersonal level, participants indicated they experienced stigmatizing behaviors and practices by service providers due primarily to their identities related to economic or unhoused statuses, gender, age, and mental health. Facilitators of intersectional stigma were identified through organization practices and processes. Multiple stigmatized identities due to social beliefs also facilitated stigmatization at the community level. Health outcomes influenced by stigmatization were also identified. Despite the stigmatization they experienced, participants discussed stigma-reducing strategies related to community assets, medical care, and destigmatizing practices by service providers.
‘Beyond the Reach of Palliative Care’: A Qualitative Study of Patient and Public Experiences and Anticipation of Death and Dying
Authors: Pollock Kristian , Caswell Glenys , Turner Nicola , Wilson Eleanor
Published: June 2024

The demands and costs of health care resulting from increasingly ageing populations have become a major public health issue in the United Kingdom and other industrially developed nations. Concern with cost containment and shortage of resources has prompted a progressive shift in responsibility from state provision of care to individual patients and their families, and from the institutional setting of the hospital to the domestic home. Under the guise of choice and patient centredness, end-of-life care is framed within a discourse of the ‘good death’: free from distress and discomfort and accompanied by significant others in the preferred place, usually assumed to be home. The promotion of the ‘good death’ as a technical accomplishment enabled by pre-emptive discussion and advance care planning has sidelined recognition of the nature and significance of the pain and suffering involved in the experience of dying. There has been little research into the disparity between policy and professional assumptions and the lived reality of end of life. In this paper, we present findings from a qualitative study of how terminally ill patients, bereaved family members, and members of the public understand, anticipate, and experience death and dying. These findings contribute to an important and timely critique of the normative idealisation of death and dying in health policy and practice, and the need to attend closely to the real-world experiences of patients and the public as a prerequisite for identifying and remedying widespread shortcomings in end-of-life care.
Medical Students’ Experience of a Patient’s Death and Their Coping Strategies: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Lisai-Goldstein Yaara , Shaulov Adir
Published: June 2024

The experience of a patient’s death on medical students is powerful and may entail distress and anxiety. We review the experience of death and dying as perceived by medical students. Students are exposed to death and dying while dissecting cadavers in pre-clinical years, following patient death in clinical years, and commonly as a result of personal exposure. Students report sadness and anger in response to patient death, particularly following their first experience. The patient’s identity and the student’s past exposure to death were found to influence the way students experience death and dying. Coping methods may include conversation, reflection, and religion as well as detachment and avoidance. Although time and resources are invested in preparing students for a patient’s death, many of them feel inadequately prepared. Greater understanding of and investment in processing medical students’ experience of patient death may be helpful in their personal and professional development.
Teaching Safety of Journalists: Student Responses and Solutions to Occupational Risks and Hostility
Authors: Ivask Signe
Published: June 2024

This study explores journalism students’ responses to hazards and hostility in the profession within a Safety of Journalists course. The research uses focus group interviews, field notes, study diaries, written tasks, and Teams’ chat logs of 11 students. Students’ reactions to the hazards highlight the importance of awareness for finding solutions and developing resilience. Proposed solutions include fostering self-assurance, enhancing interpersonal communication, setting boundaries to prevent burnout, and recognizing the significance of workers’ rights. However, finding some solutions was hindered by students’ experiences of media organizations neglecting worker well-being.
Beyond the Classroom: Evaluating Solutions Journalism Education From the Perspective of University Graduates
Authors: Lough Kyser , McIntyre Karen , Roff Kate
Published: June 2024

This study examines how solutions journalism education translates to professional practice, through in-depth interviews with current media professionals who encountered solutions journalism when they were in college. Findings suggest that solutions journalism education resonates powerfully with students, and incorporating the practice in J-school curriculum may have the potential to reengage disenchanted students. Whereas there remain significant barriers to practicing the approach in the workplace, participants revealed that their encounters at university with solutions journalism positively affected their reporting style, interview skills, and perspective of journalism’s role in society.
The Effects of Aquatic Exercise Training on Functional and Hemodynamic Responses in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alikhajeh Yaser , Afroundeh Roghayyeh , Mohammad Rahimi Gholam Rasul , Bayani Baktash
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of water exercise training on functional and hemodynamic responses in HF patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted until February 15, 2024, using multiple databases. Mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Sixteen studies, comprising 349 participants with HF, were included. Water exercise led to enhancements in peak VO2 (MD, 2.85 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.80; p < .00001) and resting heart rate (MD, −4.16 bm; 95% CI, −6.85 to −1.46; p = .002) compared to no exercising controls. Water plus land exercise reduced resting heart rate (MD, −1.41 bm; 95% CI, −2.13 to −0.69; p = .0001) compared to land exercise alone. Furthermore, acute water exercises decreased resting heart rate (MD, −3.85 bm; 95% CI, −6.49 to −1.21; p = .004) and increased stroke volume (MD, 14.68 mL/beat; 95% CI, 8.57 to 20.79; p < .00001) and cardiac output (MD, 0.5 L/min; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.73; p < .00001) compared to baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that water exercise holds promise as an effective intervention for enhancing functional capacity and hemodynamic parameters in individuals with HF, highlighting the importance of further research to optimize its implementation and elucidate long-term benefits.
‘Hyper-active incrementalism’ and the Westminster system of governance: Why spatial policy has failed over time
Authors: Diamond Patrick , Newman Jack , Richards David , Sanders Anna , Westwood Andy
Published: June 2024

This article seeks to explain why spatial policy in England has been so ineffective in recent decades. It offers a novel framework – ‘Hyper-Active Incrementalism’ – to conceptualise the way that public policy in this area is prone to being short-term, under-evaluated, reactive, fragmented, incremental and top-down. It applies this framework to a historical survey of spatial policy, offering a nuanced understanding of the causes of these pathologies. We argue that Hyper-Active Incrementalism helps explain the persistence of a range of Westminster pathologies, as it drives the ongoing dialectic relationship between over-centralisation and policy failure. The data drawn from our historical survey suggest that Hyper-Active Incrementalism has accelerated overtime, a dynamic of increasing governance fragmentation that contributes to the incoherence of the UK state. In conclusion, we argue that governments must learn from past failure not just in this policy area but also elsewhere, by adopting a system-wide approach to reform.
‘I like checking in on myself’: Control group experiences in a strengths-based addiction recovery study, with implications for self-monitoring and measurement reactivity
Authors: Krentzman Amy R , Gass Julie C
Published: June 2024

New definitions of addiction recovery are aligned with social work’s strengths-based orientation: recovery from addiction is not only a process of reducing pathology but also a process of flourishing and thriving. In response to new recovery definitions, researchers are now designing studies that measure strengths-based, multidimensional aspects of recovery instead of measuring substance use or symptoms exclusively. This study employs grounded theory to investigate this change in measurement strategy; its impact on people in recovery; and its implications for social work research, existing theory, and interventions social workers employ to support client recovery. Thirty-two participants (47% female, M = 40 years in age, 16% BIPOC) in treatment for substance use disorders participated in interviews after completing surveys daily for 28 days that assessed strengths-based, multidimensional aspects of recovery. Participants reported that completion of surveys led them to realize aspects of self that were previously hidden from awareness, use that information to determine where they ‘were at’ in their recovery (doing well, could be doing more, not doing well); and, based on that determination, take steps to strengthen recovery. A minority of participants expressed despair when surveys revealed painful information and these participants did not describe using skills to regulate negative affect. This study found that strengths-based, multidimensional recovery-oriented surveys can provide therapeutic benefit. This grounded theory analysis extends existing theory to include the influence of coping skills on an individual’s ability to derive benefit from the self-monitoring of diverse aspects of their recovery.
Ultrasound Measurements of the Ulnar Nerve at the Medial Epicondyle Correlate With Electrodiagnostic Studies
Authors: Aloi Nicholas F. , Hyzny Rachel , Fowler John R.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common compressive neuropathy in the upper extremity and is commonly evaluated with electrodiagnostic studies (EDS). Ultrasound (US) has emerged as a potentially more efficient alternative to EDS. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether measurements of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the ulnar nerve at the elbow correlate with EDS results.

Methods:

This study was a prospective analysis of patients who presented with signs and symptoms consistent of cubital tunnel syndrome, who received USs of the ulnar nerve at the elbow and nerve conduction tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation between ulnar nerve CSA and electrodiagnostic data. t Tests were used to evaluate statistical differences between the mean ulnar nerve CSA of patients with positive or negative nerve conduction study results. Youden Index was used to calculate the optimal cut-off point for US CSA based on maximal sensitivity and specificity. Statistical significance was based on a two-sided P less than .05.

Results:

The association between increasing US CSA at the medial epicondyle with slowing of the conduction velocity of the ulnar motor nerve across the elbow was statistically significant ( r = −0.35, P = .02). Patients with positive EDS tests had significantly larger nerve size than those with negative tests (all Ps < .03). A cut-off point of greater than or equal to 11 mm2 had a sensitivity of 70.83% and specificity of 66.67%.

Conclusions:

Larger ulnar nerve CSAs correlate with slowing of the conduction velocity on EDSs, and those with positive EDSs have larger nerve sizes than those with negative tests.