bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entropy-Based Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for Clothes Texture Pattern Recognition
Authors: Al-Majed Reham , Hussain Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Automatic clothes pattern recognition is important to assist visually impaired people and for real-world applications such as e-commerce or personal fashion recommendation systems, and it has attracted increased interest from researchers. It is a challenging texture classification problem in that even images of the same texture class expose a high degree of intraclass variations. Moreover, images of clothes patterns may be taken in an unconstrained illumination environment. Machine learning methods proposed for this problem mostly rely on handcrafted features and traditional classification methods. The research works that utilize the deep learning approach result in poor recognition performance. We propose a deep learning method based on an ensemble of convolutional neural networks where feature engineering is not required while extracting robust local and global features of clothes patterns. The ensemble classifier employs a pre-trained ResNet50 with a non-local (NL) block, a squeeze-and-excitation (SE) block, and a coordinate attention (CA) block as base learners. To fuse the individual decisions of the base learners, we introduce a simple and effective fusing technique based on entropy voting, which incorporates the uncertainties in the decisions of base learners. We validate the proposed method on benchmark datasets for clothes patterns that have six categories: solid, striped, checkered, dotted, zigzag, and floral. The proposed method achieves promising results for limited computational and data resources. In terms of accuracy, it achieves 98.18% for the GoogleClothingDataset and 96.03% for the CCYN dataset.
Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Multi-Story Resistance Capacitance-Coupled Shear Wall Buildings with Energy-Dissipation Dampers
Authors: Mustafa Zafira Nur Ezzati , Saito Taiki
Published: November 2024

This research aims to apply the displacement-based design method (DBDM) for the seismic design of reinforced concrete-coupled shear wall buildings equipped with energy dissipation dampers. The DBDM offers design simplicity by focusing on structural design based on a target design displacement, where the building converts into a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system. The implementation of dampers aims to reduce repair costs and downtime for buildings following significant seismic events. Two types of dampers are utilized in this study: metallic damper and viscoelastic damper. The DBDM procedure begins with determining the target displacement, which corresponds to the specific story drift ratio of the structural system, using a nonlinear static pushover analysis. For the structural wall system considered in this study, a target drift ratio of 1/250 is selected due to the inherent rigidity of the structure. The effective damping factor is then determined from the average energy absorption, which is based on the ductility factor of each structural member. Additionally, the effective period of the building is obtained from the displacement spectrum of the design-level earthquakes. Finally, the required damper shear capacity for the SDOF system is calculated based on the target deformation and effective stiffness. The design earthquakes are generated from the acceleration response spectrum for Level 2 earthquakes, as specified in the Japanese seismic code, utilizing three different sets of phase information: Kobe, El Centro, and random phase records. The effectiveness of the DBDM is scrutinized through a comparison with results obtained from time history analysis. The results obtained for 6-, 12-, and 18-story RC-coupled shear walls with energy dissipation dampers indicate that the proposed design methodology effectively meets the specified design objectives.
The Value of Using Green Extraction Techniques to Enhance Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity in Nasturtium officinale Leaves
Authors: Naoum Eva , Xynopoulou Aikaterini , Kotsou Konstantina , Chatzimitakos Theodoros , Athanasiadis Vassilis , Bozinou Eleni , Lalas Stavros I.
Published: November 2024

Increasing research is being directed toward the production of value-added products using plant extracts that are super-fortified with antioxidants. In this study, the extraction parameters for bioactive compounds (such as polyphenols) from Nasturtium officinale leaves and their antioxidant properties were optimized using response surface methodology. The optimization procedure examined the effects of the extraction temperature, time, and solvent composition on conventional magnetic stirring (ST). In addition, the impacts of two green techniques—pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultrasound (US)—were evaluated individually and in combination to assess their potential to enhance the extraction of the compounds. According to our findings, under the proposed extraction conditions (a combination of PEF, US, and ST as a extraction technique, 50% ethanolic solvent, for 30 min at 80 °C). N. officinale leaf extract proved to be an excellent source of bioactive compounds, with extracts containing rosmarinic acid (3.42 mg/g dried weight (dw)), chlorogenic acid (3.13 mg/g dw), total polyphenol content (28.82 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dw), and strong antioxidant properties. The FRAP method measured 57.15 μmol ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g dw, while the DPPH radical scavenging activity method measured 47.55 μmol AAE/g dw. This study was carried out to evaluate and improve the concentration of bioactive compounds in N. officinale leaf extract, resulting in a product with multiple applications across the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Novel In Silico Strategies to Model the In Vivo Nerve Scarring Around Implanted Parylene C Devices
Authors: Sergi Pier Nicola , del Valle Jaume , Stieglitz Thomas , Navarro Xavier , Micera Silvestro
Published: November 2024

The implantation of materials into in vivo peripheral nerves triggers the production of scar tissue. A scar capsule progressively incorporates foreign bodies, which become insulated from the surrounding environment. This phenomenon is particularly detrimental in the case of electrical active sites enveloped within scar sheets, since the loss of contact with axons highly decreases the effectiveness of neural interfaces. As a consequence, the in silico modelling of scar capsule evolution may lead to improvements in the design of intraneural structures and enhancing their reliability over time. In this work, a novel theoretical framework is proposed to model the evolution of capsule thickness over time together with an improved optimisation procedure able to avoid apparently suitable choices resulting from standard procedures. This framework provides a fast, simple, and accurate modelling of experimental data (R2=0.97), definitely improving on previous approaches.
Optimized Detection Algorithm for Vertical Irregularities in Vertical Curve Segments
Authors: Xie Rong , Chen Chunjun
Published: November 2024

The vertical curve is designed to smooth sudden gradient changes in the longitudinal profile, enhancing train operational safety and passenger comfort. However, dynamic detection in these segments has consistently encountered issues with long-wavelength vertical irregularities exceeding tolerance limits. To investigate the root causes of this phenomenon and develop a targeted solution, a comprehensive vehicle-track dynamics simulation model was first constructed, based on the design principles for intercity railway vertical curves. The inertial reference method was then applied to process the acceleration and relative displacement data between the detection beam and the track, yielding virtual irregularities. These were compared with excitation irregularities to identify key factors affecting detection accuracy in vertical curve segments. Through further analysis of abnormal exceedances in detection data, the reference cancellation method was proposed. By employing smoothing filters and orthogonal least squares fitting, this method effectively removes track alignment components from the acceleration integration results. Detection errors under various conditions were then compared between the two methods to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the reference cancellation approach. Results indicate that regions with increased longitudinal profile detection errors are primarily located at and near gradient transition points. The vertical curve radius was found to be the primary factor influencing the accuracy of long-wavelength irregularity detection. The proposed reference cancellation method effectively reduces detection errors in areas near gradient transition points to levels comparable to other track sections. Compared to the inertial reference method, the reference cancellation method reduces the maximum detection error by up to 71.77% and the root mean square error by up to 86.61%, effectively mitigating the abnormal exceedances associated with vertical curves.
Electrochemical Analysis of Corrosion Resistance of Manganese-Coated Annealed Steel: Chronoamperometric and Voltammetric Study
Authors: Nuñez Pérez Francisco Augusto
Published: November 2024

Metal corrosion poses a significant challenge for industries by decreasing the lifespan of materials and escalating maintenance and replacement costs. This study is critically important, as it assesses the corrosion resistance properties of annealed steel wire electrodes coated with manganese, employing chronoamperometry and linear voltammetry techniques. The electrodes were immersed in an electrolyte solution and subjected to chronoamperometry at various voltages (−0.55 V, −0.60 V, and −0.70 V) and durations (60 s and 1800 s). Subsequently, linear voltammetry was performed over a potential range from −0.8 V to 0.8 V to generate Tafel plots. The Butler–Volmer equation was applied to the data obtained to determine the corrosion current density. The results indicate that the optimal conditions for forming a highly effective protective manganese layer occur at a potential of −0.70 V for 1800 s. Under these conditions, the electrodes exhibited superior corrosion resistance. This study also revealed that shorter durations and less negative potentials led to less-effective manganese coatings, with higher corrosion rates and reduced stability. These findings are significant for developing efficient corrosion protection methods in industrial and research applications, providing clear parameters for optimizing the manganese electrodeposition process on annealed steel.
The Complex Structure of the Abell 548–Abell 3367 Region
Authors: Henriksen Mark J. , Ahmed Layla
Published: November 2024

Archival XMM and ROSAT X-Ray data are used to investigate the structure of the Abell 548–Abell 3367 region. Based on previous optical studies, this is a region likely to be rich in structure, although studies are in disagreement regarding the connection between Abell 3367 and Abell 548. We use the available archival X-Ray data together with kinematic data of counterpart galaxies to address this question and determine the structure in this region. The region is particularly rich in X-Ray structure elongated along a SW-NE axis and consisting of numerous extended X-Ray sources. In general, the structure consists of many galaxy groups and clusters which appear segregated in X-Ray luminosity, with the least luminous ~30% toward the outer region of the clusters, possibly tracing a filament. We find evidence to suggest a supercluster of three clusters at redshifts ~0.04, 0.045, and 0.06. Several of the X-Ray sources coincident with Abell 3367 have counterpart galaxy redshifts consistent with Abell 548, while others are significantly higher. This supports the formation of a supercluster consisting of Abell 548 and Abell 3667, with the higher-redshift X-Ray source being a background object. In addition, they are part of a larger structure consisting of a previously identified cluster at redshift 0.04 and two groups at redshift ~0.06. There is also filamentary structure at z ~0.103. The ubiquity of groups in the large-scale structure suggests that they provide an environment where galaxies are in close proximity and evolution via interaction can proceed well before the galaxies make their way into the dense central region of a cluster.
Daily Estimates of Global Radiation in the Brazilian Amazon from Simplified Models
Authors: Martim Charles Campoe , Paulista Rhavel Salviano Dias , Castagna Daniela , Borella Daniela Roberta , de Almeida Frederico Terra , Damian João Gabriel Ribeiro , de Souza Adilson Pacheco
Published: November 2024

Solar radiation is an element and a meteorological factor that is present in several processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and energy generation, among others. However, in some regions, there is a limitation in surface data measurements. In this study, 87 empirical models were evaluated to estimate global radiation (Hg) in the Brazilian Amazon biome; these models were divided into five groups according to the input variables, such as insolation (group I), air temperature (group II), relative humidity (group III), astronomical variables (group IV), and hybrid models (group V). The estimates were evaluated by their significance (t-test) and then according to the statistical metrics of the models’ performance (R2, MBE, RMSE, and d). The group V model Hg/H0=a+bln∆T+cS/S0d presented the best statistical performance in all the evaluated indicators, followed by the group I model Hg/H0=a+bS/S0c, and then the group II model Hg/H0=a+b∆T+c∆T0.25+d∆T0.5+eTmed/H0. The group III models presented a low statistical performance, and the group IV models were not significant (NS) in all the evaluated meteorological stations. In general, it was found that the simplified or hybrid models based on insolation and air temperature were efficient in estimating Hg in the Brazilian Amazon biome.
Beta Autoregressive Moving Average Model with the Aranda-Ordaz Link Function
Authors: Manchini Carlos E. F. , Canterle Diego Ramos , Pumi Guilherme , Bayer Fábio M.
Published: November 2024

In this work, we introduce an extension of the so-called beta autoregressive moving average (βARMA) models. βARMA models consider a linear dynamic structure for the conditional mean of a beta distributed variable. The conditional mean is connected to the linear predictor via a suitable link function. We propose modeling the relationship between the conditional mean and the linear predictor by means of the asymmetric Aranda-Ordaz parametric link function. The link function contains a parameter estimated along with the other parameters via partial maximum likelihood. We derive the partial score vector and Fisher’s information matrix and consider hypothesis testing, diagnostic analysis, and forecasting for the proposed model. The finite sample performance of the partial maximum likelihood estimation is studied through a Monte Carlo simulation study. An application to the proportion of stocked hydroelectric energy in the south of Brazil is presented.
Gravure-Printed Anodes Based on Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Montanino Maria , Paoletti Claudia , De Girolamo Del Mauro Anna , Sico Giuliano
Published: November 2024

Printed batteries are increasingly being investigated for feeding small, wearable devices more and more involved in our daily lives, promoting the study of printing technologies. Among these, gravure is very attractive as a low-cost and low-waste production method for functional layers in different fields, such as energy, sensors, and biomedical, because it is easy to scale up industrially. Thanks to our research, the feasibility of gravure printing was recently proved for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) manufacturing. Such studies allowed the production of high-quality electrodes involving different active materials with high stability, reproducibility, and good performance. Going beyond lithium-based storage devices, our attention was devoted on the possibility of employing highly sustainable gravure printing for sodium-ion batteries (NaBs) manufacturing, following the trendy interest in sodium, which is more abundant, economical, and ecofriendly than lithium. Here a study on gravure printed anodes for sodium-ion batteries based on hard carbon as an active material is presented and discussed. Thanks to our methodology centered on the capillary number, a high printing quality anodic layer was produced providing typical electrochemical behavior and good performance. Such results are very innovative and relevant in the field of sodium-ion batteries and further demonstrate the high potential of gravure in printed battery manufacturing.
Improving Brain Metabolite Detection with a Combined Low-Rank Approximation and Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model Approach
Authors: Jeon Yeong-Jae , Nam Kyung Min , Park Shin-Eui , Baek Hyeon-Man
Published: November 2024

In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique for monitoring brain metabolites. However, it is challenged by a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), often necessitating extended scan times to compensate. One of the conventional techniques for noise reduction is signal averaging, which is inherently time-consuming and can lead to participant discomfort, thus posing limitations in clinical settings. This study aimed to develop a hybrid denoising strategy that integrates low-rank approximation and denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) to enhance MRS data quality and shorten scan times. Using publicly available 1H MRS datasets from 15 subjects, we applied the Casorati SVD and DDPM to obtain baseline and functional data during a pain stimulation task. This method significantly improved SNR, resulting in outcomes comparable to or better than averaging over 32 signals. It also provided the most consistent metabolite measurements and adequately tracked temporal changes in glutamate levels, correlating with pain intensity ratings after heating. These findings demonstrate that our approach enhances MRS data quality, offering a more efficient alternative to conventional methods and expanding the potential for the real-time monitoring of neurochemical changes. This contribution has the potential to advance MRS techniques by integrating advanced denoising methods to increase the acquisition speed and enhance the precision of brain metabolite analyses.
Etomoxir Sodium Salt Promotes Imidazole Ketone Erastin-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Ferroptosis and Enhances Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mohamady Farouk Abdalsalam Nada , Liang Zihao , Kashaf Tariq Hafiza , Ibrahim Abdulrahman , Li Rong , Wan Xiaochun , Yan Dehong
Published: November 2024

Although ferroptosis inducers trigger ferroptotic tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), imidazole ketone erastin (IKE)’s induction of ferroptosis shows no effect on tumor growth in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice due to the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Treatment of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A)-specific inhibitor decreases the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs and enhances ferroptotic inducer-initiated tumor cell ferroptosis. However, whether blocking CPT1A could enhance IKE-induced MDSC ferroptosis and thereby inhibit tumor growth is still unclear. Here, we report that a CPT1A-specific inhibitor, etomoxir sodium salt (Eto), and IKE combined treatment increased MDSC ferroptosis. Interestingly, the combination treatment of Eto and IKE blocked MDSCs’ immunosuppressive function and accumulation by downregulating the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4, and ARG1 while promoting T-cell proliferation and infiltration into tumor tissues to enhance cancer therapy. These data provide a rationale for the combination therapy of a specific CPT1A inhibitor, Eto, with IKE in clinical settings.
Combination of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Immunomodulation with Dimethyl Fumarate Following Spinal Cord Ventral Root Repair
Authors: Gelinski Kempe Paula Regina , de Castro Mateus Vidigal , Coser Lilian de Oliveira , Cartarozzi Luciana Politti , Barraviera Benedito , Ferreira Rui Seabra , de Oliveira Alexandre Leite Rodrigues
Published: November 2024

Spinal cord injury results in significant motor and sensory loss. In the experimental ventral root avulsion (VRA) model, the ventral (motor) roots are disconnected from the spinal cord surface, disrupting contact between spinal motoneurons and muscle fibers. Axotomized motoneurons typically degenerate within two to three weeks after avulsion, the situation being exacerbated by an increased glial response and chronic inflammation. Nevertheless, root reimplantation has been observed to stimulate regenerative potential in some motoneurons, serving as a model for CNS/PNS regeneration. We hypothesized that a combination of neuroprotective and immunomodulatory therapies is capable of enhancing regenerative responses following nerve root injury and repair. A heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) was used for surgical repair; dimethyl fumarate (DMF) was used for neuroprotection and immunomodulation; and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) were used as a source of trophic factors and cytokines that may further enhance neuronal survival. Thus, adult female Lewis rats underwent unilateral VRA of the L4–L6 roots, followed by reimplantation with HFB, AT-MSCs transplantation, and daily DMF treatment for four weeks, with a 12-week postoperative survival period. An evaluation of the results focused on light microscopy, qRT-PCR, and the Catwalk motor function recovery system. Data were analyzed using one-way or two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the combined therapy resulted in a reduced glial response and a 70% improvement in behavioral motor recovery. Overall, the data support the potential of combined regenerative approaches after spinal cord root injury.
A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework That Incorporates Interpretable CatBoost and Modified Slime Mould Algorithm to Resolve Boiler Combustion Optimization Problem
Authors: Gao Shan , Ma Yunpeng
Published: November 2024

The combustion optimization problem of the circulation fluidized bed boiler is regarded as a difficult multi-objective optimization problem that requires simultaneously improving the boiler thermal efficiency and reducing the NOx emissions concentration. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a new multi-objective optimization framework that incorporates an interpretable CatBoost model and modified slime mould algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the interpretable CatBoost model combined with TreeSHAP is applied to model the boiler thermal efficiency and NOx emissions concentration. Simultaneously, data correlation analysis is conducted based on the established models. Finally, a kind of modified slime mould algorithm is proposed and used to optimize the adjustable operation parameters of one 330 MW circulation fluidized bed boiler. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can effectively improve the boiler thermal efficiency and reduce the NOx emissions concentration, where the average optimization ratio for thermal efficiency reaches +0.68%, the average optimization ratio for NOx emission concentration reaches −37.55%, and the average optimization time is 6.40 s. In addition, the superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated by ten benchmark testing functions and two constrained optimization problems. Therefore, the proposed framework is an effective artificial intelligence approach for the modeling and optimization of complex systems.
Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Application of Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices
Authors: Shahid Zarfashan , Veenuttranon Kornautchaya , Lu Xianbo , Chen Jiping
Published: November 2024

In response to growing environmental concerns, the scientific community is increasingly incorporating green chemistry principles into modern analytical techniques. Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) have emerged as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional analytical devices, offering robust applications in point-of-care testing, personalized healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. ePADs align with green chemistry by minimizing reagent use, reducing energy consumption, and being disposable, making them ideal for eco-friendly and cost-effective analyses. Their user-friendly interface, alongside sensitive and selective detection capabilities, has driven their popularity in recent years. This review traces the evolution of ePADs from simple designs to complex multilayered structures that optimize analyte flow and improve detection. It also delves into innovative electrode fabrication methods, assessing key advantages, limitations, and modification strategies for enhanced sensitivity. Application-focused sections explore recent advancements in using ePADs for detecting diseases, monitoring environmental hazards like heavy metals and bacterial contamination, and screening contaminants in food. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as wearable wireless devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), further positions ePADs at the forefront of point-of-care testing (POCT). Finally, the review identifies key research gaps and proposes future directions for the field.
Reassessing the Neural Correlates of Social Exclusion: A Replication Study of the Cyberball Paradigm Using Arterial Spin Labeling
Authors: Labek Karin , Viviani Roberto
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The cyberball paradigm has been used in numerous neuroimaging studies to elicit activation in neural substrates of social exclusion, which have been interpreted in terms of activity associated with “social pain”. The objectives of the study were to assess not only the replicability but also the specificity of the areas activated by this paradigm. Methods: Functional imaging with arterial spin labeling, an approach to image longer mental states. Results: We replicated findings of previous meta-analyses of this paradigm in the inferior frontal gyrus and ventral cingular cortex. However, these areas were also active in a watch condition (in which participants were not excluded), although less so. Conclusions: These findings relativize a simple and specific interpretation of these areas as the neural substrates of social exclusion and social pain, as in previous studies. In a broader experimental context, similar activations have been reported by neuroimaging studies when semantic disambiguation and evaluation of action goals are required, an interpretation that may also apply to the effects elicited by this paradigm.
Can the Ability to Play Steady Beats Be Indicative of Cognitive Aging? Using a Beat Processing Device
Authors: Chong Hyun Ju , Choi Jin Hee , Yoo Ga Eul
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to examine whether different rhythm idioms significantly affect the reproduction accuracy of older adults and whether the participants’ age and personal current engagement in music affect their ability to reproduce rhythm. A total of 79 older adults participated in the study. Participants were required to reproduce six different rhythm idioms, and their accuracy in rhythm reproduction was measured using the R index. The data were analyzed considering the participants’ age sub-group and current engagement in music. The findings showed differences in reproduction accuracy across various rhythm idioms, particularly in relation to steady recurring notes and dotted notes with different intervals. The highest reproduction accuracy was found for the isochronous beat pattern, while the rhythm idiom starting with longer intervals yielded the lowest accuracy. Age and current personal engagement in music did not significantly affect rhythm performance. However, the study identified a significant correlation between decreased accuracy in reproducing a steady rhythm and diminished general cognitive ability. This study indicates that rhythm performance can be indicative of cognitive abilities related to temporal information processing. The findings support the potential use of rhythm tasks to evaluate cognitive performance in older adults with varying cognitive levels.
Timber Façade Structures: Using Thermal Analysis to Prognosticate the Ignition Resistance of Flame-Retarded Timber
Authors: Korolchenko Dmitrii A. , Konstantinova Nataliya I. , Korolchenko Olga N.
Published: November 2024

The development of a methodological approach to detecting the presence of flame retardants in building materials and products and finding their concentration is an essential part of the performance evaluation of flame retardants for timber. The above issue is a relevant constituent of supervision over fire safety compliance at construction facilities. Thermal analysis was used in this research project to (1) detect the presence of flame retardants in timber, and (2) identify methods of their application. Comparative experiments were conducted to detect the presence and effectiveness of flame retardants applied to the surface and inner layers of specimens of timber planken (façade board) at a construction facility. Relevant values, characterizing the thermal decomposition of timber specimens, enable predicting the heat flux rate that triggers ignition. A quick test, conducted to check the flammability of specimens, confirmed the authors’ hypothesis. The study revealed principal (relevant) thermo-analytical criteria for the fire resistance of timber impregnated with combustion retardants using different methods of impregnation. A methodological approach to studying relevant thermo-analytical characteristics was developed to evaluate the efficiency of (1) fire resistance of timber products and (2) fireproofing techniques. Flammability and combustibility of timber impregnated with fire retardants was prognosticated. It was revealed that the proposed methodology can monitor the efficiency of fireproofing applied to façade structures made of pine timber.
Improving the Thermochemical Heat Storage Performance of Calcium Hydroxide in a Fixed-Bed Reactor by Y-Shaped Fins
Authors: Zhao Guangyao , Li Zhen , Yao Jiakang , Zhao Zhehui , Zhang Sixing , Cheng Na , Jiang Lei , Yan Jun
Published: November 2024

Thermochemical heat storage technology has great development prospects due to its high energy storage density and stable long-term storage capacity. The calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide reaction has been proven to be feasible for thermochemical heat storage. However, due to its low thermal conductivity, the slow heat storage reaction in the fixed-bed reactor needs to be improved. In this work, the Y-shaped fin was used to improve the heat storage performance, and a multi-physics numerical model was established for its heat storage process in the fixed bed. The results show that the Y-shaped fin can accelerate the heat storage reaction due to the improved heat transfer inside the reactor. The heat storage time decreases by 45.59% compared to the reactor without a fin and it decreases by 4.31% compared to the reactor with the rectangular fin. The increase in the wall temperature of the heating tube and the thermal conductivity of the fin can improve the heat storage performance; moreover, the Y-shaped fin shows more performance improvement than the rectangular fin at high wall temperature or thermal conductivity. The increase in porosity of heat storage material can shorten heat storage time due to the reduction in reactant, and the Y-shaped fin can still give a better performance than the rectangular fin at different porosity levels. This work can provide a reference for improving the heat storage performance of fixed-bed reactors.
Sequential Use of Sorafenib and Regorafenib in Hepatocellular Cancer Recurrence After Liver Transplantation: Treatment Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Ozbay Mehmet Fatih , Harputluoglu Hakan , Karaca Mustafa , Tekin Omer , Şendur Mehmet Ali Nahit , Kaplan Muhammed Ali , Sahin Berksoy , Geredeli Caglayan , Teker Fatih , Tural Deniz , Saglam Sezer , Çil Timuçin , Bilici Ahmet , Erol Cihan , Kalkan Ziya , Bayram Ertugrul , Selvi Oguzhan , Gültürk İlkay , Göksu Sema Sezgin , Tatlı Ali Murat
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: During liver transplantation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence remains a critical challenge for patient survival. Targeted therapies, such as sorafenib and regorafenib, have been utilized to manage relapsed HCC in this unique setting. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Sorafenib and Regorafenib in patients with HCC who experienced recurrence after liver transplantation. We focused on survival outcomes, treatment responses, and the management of side effects in this patient group. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 73 patients who experienced HCC recurrence post-liver transplantation between 2012 and 2022 across 11 oncology centers in Turkey. Patients were categorized according to Child–Pugh classification and treated with sorafenib as first-line therapy and Regorafenib in case of progression. Survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and risk factors were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Results: Of the 73 patients included in the study, 62 were male (84.9%), and 11 were female (15.1%), with a mean age of 61.5 ± 10.9 years. All patients received sorafenib as first-line treatment. Among patients who experienced progression with sorafenib or discontinued treatment due to toxicity, 45.2% (n = 33) continued treatment with regorafenib. The median progression-free survival (PFS1) time with sorafenib was 5.6 months, and the one-year survival rate was 24.3%. The median progression-free survival (PFS2) time with regorafenib, which was administered as second-line treatment, was also calculated as 5.9 months. Overall survival (OS) duration was determined as 35.9 months. The most common side effects associated with both drugs included fatigue, hand and foot syndrome, and hypertension. Significantly better survival outcomes were shown in the Child–Pugh A group compared to other patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that Sorafenib and Regorafenib treatments offer a survival advantage in patients with relapsed HCC post-transplantation. However, individualized treatment strategies and close follow-up are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Further studies are needed to refine therapeutic protocols and enhance the care of this specific patient group.
Anthracycline-Induced Subclinical Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Faggiano Andrea , Gherbesi Elisa , Giordano Chiara , Gamberini Giacomo , Vicenzi Marco , Cuspidi Cesare , Carugo Stefano , Cipolla Carlo M. , Cardinale Daniela M.
Published: November 2024

Aim: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of anthracycline chemotherapy on subclinical right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in breast cancer patients, using traditional echocardiographic parameters and strain-based measures, such as the RV global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) and the RV free-wall longitudinal strain (RV FWLS). Methods and Results: A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, including 15 studies with a total of 1148 breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. The primary outcome was the evaluation of changes in RV GLS and RV FWLS pre- and post-chemotherapy. Secondary outcomes included changes in traditional echocardiographic parameters: TAPSE, FAC, and TDI S’. Meta-analysis revealed significant declines in RV function post-chemotherapy across all parameters. RV GLS decreased from 23.99% to 20.35% (SMD: −0.259, p < 0.0001), and RV FWLS from 24.92% to 21.56% (SMD: −0.269, p < 0.0001). Traditional parameters like TAPSE, FAC, and TDI S’ also showed reductions, but these were less consistent across studies. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant relationship between post-chemotherapy left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the changes in RV GLS and RV FWLS, suggesting that RV dysfunction may not be solely a consequence of LV impairment. Conclusions: Anthracycline chemotherapy induces subclinical RV dysfunction in breast cancer patients. RV strain analysis, especially 3D strain, shows greater sensitivity in detecting early dysfunction. However, further research is needed to clarify the clinical significance and prognostic value of these findings, as well as the role of routine RV strain analysis in guiding early interventions.
Cladribine-Based Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Child, Adolescent, and Early Young Adult Patients: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience
Authors: McCall David , Alqahtani Shaikha , Budak Moriah , Sheikh Irtiza , Fan Aaron E. , Ramakrishnan Ramya , Nunez Cesar , Roth Michael , Garcia Miriam B. , Gibson Amber , Daver Naval , Garces Sofia , Short Nicholas J. , Issa Ghayas C. , Ravandi Farhad , DiNardo Courtney D. , Montalban Bravo Guillermo , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Cuglievan Branko , Kadia Tapan
Published: November 2024

Background: Cladribine-based combination chemotherapy has demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), prompting its increased utilization in the frontline; in pediatrics, it has been typically reserved for relapsed or refractory cases. While fludarabine has been used more commonly as a purine analog in intensive regimens, cladribine may be an important alternative. Methods: We performed a retrospective study at MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 2015 to July 2023, which included patients aged 1–21 years with refractory or relapsed AML who received cladribine outside of a transplant conditioning. Results: A total of 30 patients were included, with a median age of 20 years (range, 2–21), and 55% being male. Similar to adults, cladribine exhibited good tolerability in pediatric and adolescent patients, with the most common adverse events being febrile neutropenia and myelosuppression. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events included febrile neutropenia (55%) and sepsis (26%), and there were no treatment discontinuations due to adverse events. Among patients with a median number of 2 (0–7) prior treatments, the overall response rate (CR/CRi) was 45%, and median event-free and overall survival were 6 and 12 months, respectively. Disease progression resulted in 4 deaths within 30 days of treatment. Conclusions: Cladribine was tolerated in pediatrics. No new safety signals were seen with cladribine regimens in this cohort. Response assessment is limited due to the heavily pretreated cohort. Further prospective studies are warranted on the safety and efficacy of cladribine and establish its role in pediatric, adolescent, and early young adult patients with AML.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Distant Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Daloiso Antonio , Franz Leonardo , Mondello Tiziana , Tisato Matteo , Negrisolo Michael , Zanatta Paolo , de Filippis Cosimo , Astolfi Laura , Marioni Gino
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Distant metastasis (DM), though uncommon at initial presentation, significantly worsens the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). This review aimed to investigate the occurrence rates, patterns, and implications of HNSCC DM. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. Results: Out of 7576 identified titles, 35 studies were included, encompassing 28,193 patients. The pooled rate of DM was 10.01%, with significant heterogeneity existing among the studies (I2: 94.13%). The most common metastatic sites were the lungs, bones, and brain (58%, 15%, 4%, respectively). Treatment modalities varied: overall, 20.4% of patients received radiotherapy alone, 7% underwent chemotherapy, and 4.5% received surgical metastasectomies. Combined treatments accounted for 18.3% of patients. However, 41.3% of patients received no treatment for DM. The median overall survival (OS) after DM diagnosis was 10.1 months. Studies highlighted a 36.3% two-year survival rate for patients with oligo-metastases, compared to the 7.4% rate for those with multiple metastases. At the time of DM diagnosis, half of the studied population presented with locoregional failure. Conclusions: Advanced imaging techniques and emerging systemic therapies offer hope for improved DM detection and treatment. However, continuous research is essential to develop therapeutic strategies that can enhance survival and improve the quality of life for patients with DM.
GPX4 and FSP1 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Implications and Ferroptosis-Based Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Takahara Hirotomo , Kanazawa Takumi , Oshita Haruna , Tomita Yoshinobu , Hananoi Yuri , Ishibashi Sachiko , Ikeda Masumi , Furukawa Asuka , Kinoshita Mayumi , Yamamoto Kurara , Kato Yuki , Ishibashi Hironori , Okubo Kenichi , Kurata Morito , Kitagawa Masanobu , Ohashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Kouhei
Published: November 2024

Background: Primary lung cancer is among the cancers with the poorest prognosis, having the highest mortality rate among men and the second highest among women in Japan. While surgery is the primary treatment, advanced stages often require pharmacotherapy. Recently, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic strategy. This study investigated the prognostic impact of lipid peroxidation marker and regulators involved in ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We analyzed 207 patients who underwent resection surgery for lung adenocarcinoma at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). The association between these markers and clinicopathological factors was assessed, and in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the effects of these markers on cell death. Results: Low cytoplasmic accumulation of 4-HNE and low expression of GPX4 were associated with a worse prognosis, and low FSP1 expression was associated with unfavorable relapse-free survival. In vitro experiments demonstrated that 4-HNE inhibited cell proliferation, and combined inhibition of GPX4 and FSP1 induced ferroptosis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that lipid peroxidation markers and regulators can serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma.
Enhancing the Spectral Sensitivity of Prism-Based SPR Sensors: The Role of Analyte RI
Authors: Wang Wenyuan , Liao Tianfa , Lin Hongxiang , Cui Han , Wei Xiaohui
Published: November 2024

A theoretical approach is presented to significantly enhance the spectral sensitivity of prism-based SPR sensors. The spectral sensitivity of prism-based SPR sensors is derived based on the coupling conditions of SPR and might exceed 105 nm/RIU for analytes with large RI values when other sensor parameters are carefully considered, including the RI of the prism, the angle of incidence, and the SPR active material. The spectral sensitivity could be markedly enhanced, reaching up to 10,000 nm/RIU by fine-tuning the effective RI of the incident light to be slightly larger, specifically 0.01~0.02 RIU, than the RI of the analyte, which is attributed to the large dielectric permittivity of the SPR active material, the key factor for achieving high sensitivity. The dynamic range is 0.040 RIU in the case of high sensitivity, which is sufficient in most applications. Moreover, the spectral sensitivity could be pushed even higher, into the range of 106~108 nm/RIU, by positioning the effective RI of the incident light closer to that of the analyte. However, it requires a careful balance between optimizing the sensitivity and maintaining an acceptable dynamic range.
A Nanodiamond-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Paracetamol in Pharmaceutical Samples
Authors: de Oliveira Lopes Déborah , Magalhães Marinho Felipe , Batista Deroco Patricia , Neumann Amanda , Rocha Camargo Jessica , Cristina de Freitas Rafaela , Ventosa Bertolim Lucas , Fatibello Filho Orlando , Campos Janegitz Bruno , Oliveira Geiser Gabriel de
Published: November 2024

This study presents an electrochemical sensor developed from a glassy carbon electrode modified with nanodiamond film (ND/GCE). This electrochemical response of the proposed sensor was improved, and it showed excellent analytical performance for the detection of paracetamol (PAR), which was attributed to the high PAR charging capacity on the electrode surface and the excellent electrical conductivity of ND. Morphological and electrochemical characterizations of the sensor were performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry using a redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3−. The sensor was applied for the determination of PAR. Quantification was performed using square-wave voltammetry, and it showed a linear concentration range from 0.79 to 100 µmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.18 µmol L−1. The proposed sensor exhibited satisfactory repeatability and high sensitivity in the determination of the analyte of interest. The electrochemical sensor was also employed for the analysis of PAR in real samples, with recovery rates ranging between 96.4 and 98.7%. This sensor was successfully used for the determination of the drug in pharmaceutical samples.
The Effect of Caffeine Exposure on Sleep Patterns in Zebrafish Larvae and Its Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Wei Yuanzheng , Miao Zongyu , Ye Huixin , Wu Meihui , Wei Xinru , Zhang Yu , Cai Lei
Published: November 2024

The effect of caffeine on the behavior and sleep patterns of zebrafish larvae, as well as its underlying mechanisms, has been a topic of great interest. This study aimed to investigate the impact of caffeine on zebrafish larval sleep/wake behavior and the expression of key regulatory genes such as cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and adenosine (ADA) in the sleep pathway. To begin, the study determined the optimal dose and duration of caffeine exposure, with the optimal doses found to be 31.25 μM, 62.5 μM, and 120 μM. Similarly, the optimal exposure time was established as no more than 120 h, ensuring a mortality rate of less than 10%. The confirmation of these conditions was achieved through the assessment of angiogenesis and the inflammatory reaction. As a result, the treatment time point of 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) was selected to examine the effects of caffeine on zebrafish larval sleep rhythm (48 h, with a light cycle of 14:10). Furthermore, the study analyzed the expression of clock genes (bmal1a, per1b, per2, per3, cry2), adenosine receptor genes (adora1a, adora1b, adora2aa, adora2ab, adora2b), and key regulatory factors (CREB and ADA). The research confirmed that caffeine could induce sleep pattern disorders, significantly upregulate adenosine receptor genes (adora1a, adora1b, adora2a, adora2ab, adora2b) (p < 0.05), and markedly decrease the total sleep time and sleep efficiency of the larvae. Additionally, the activity of ADA significantly increased during the exposure (p < 0.001), and the tissue-specific expression of CREB was also significantly increased, as assessed by immunofluorescence. Caffeine may regulate circadian clock genes through the ADA/ADORA/CREB pathway. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the effects of caffeine on zebrafish larvae but also provide valuable insights into the potential impact of caffeine on human behavior and sleep.