bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online information retrieval self-efficacy of library professionals: a predictor of patrons’ satisfaction in university libraries
Authors: Rasheed Tariq , Ahmed Shamshad
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study was to check the online information retrieval self-efficacy among library professionals in predicting the satisfaction of patrons within universities’ libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was grounded on Bandura four sources of self-efficacy, encompassing mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion and physiological states. To accomplish this, a meticulously designed questionnaire was administered to collect data from library professionals employed in universities libraries recognized by the Higher Education Commission in Punjab and capital city of Pakistan (Islamabad). Following by the validation of assumptions, researchers conducted a multiple linear regression test to predict the outcomes of the dependent variable by using the independents variables. Additionally, a comparative evaluation was carried out among all the independent variables to determine their respective contributions to satisfaction of library patrons.

Findings

The results emphasized the distinct and substantial significance of three variables, physiological states, social feedback and mastery experience in predicting the satisfaction of library patrons. Nevertheless, vicarious experience did not demonstrate a significant influence on the satisfaction of library patrons. Furthermore, influence of physiological states on the improvement of library patrons’ satisfaction was relatively higher compared to other three self-efficacy sources. In conclusion, research established the essential role of online information retrieval self-efficacy in enhancing the satisfaction of library patrons.

Practical implications

The findings of the study can form a solid basis for devising academic programs to train the library professionals for effective utilization of various information systems and databases. These programs play an important role in improving the self-efficacy of library professionals, ultimately refining their skills in online information retrieval.

Originality/value

In essence, this study provides insights into the factors which are pivotal in effective information searching process, ultimately leading to increase the satisfaction level of library patrons which has not been previously researched in Pakistan as well as the world context. Moreover, the study significance lies in contribute to academic discourse, its potential to transform and promote the library services and as well as empower library professionals in delivering the satisfying and efficient experience for library patrons in the current digital age.
Unleashing the power of green innovations: the role of organizational ambidexterity and green culture in achieving corporate sustainability
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Yasin Ida , Zawawi Dahlia , Odilova Shoirahon , Bataineh Hussein Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of organizational ambidexterity (OA) and organizational green culture (OGC) on corporate sustainability (CS) while incorporating the mediating role of green innovation (GI) to provide a detailed insight into CS. The study also presents a research framework based on the Organizational Ambidexterity theory and Natural Resource-based view to explain the factors contributing to CS.

Design/methodology/approach

Using stratified sampling, the study collected data through survey-based empirical research from 307 textile companies registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) or the All-Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA). The collected data were analysed using path analysis, mediation analysis and moderation analysis through smart PLS-SEM version 4.0 to assess the composition and causal association of factors.

Findings

The study found a significant relationship between OA and OGC with CS. Furthermore, the study revealed that green innovation partially mediates the relationship between OGC and CS. The proposed research framework can be valuable for promoting and recommending actions to enhance CS.

Research limitations/implications

The study on CS in the textile sector of Pakistan has limitations such as a narrow focus, cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data. Future research should explore additional factors, conduct longitudinal research, investigate contextual factors, scrutinize specific green innovation practices and broaden the scope of the study to include SMEs and other textile organizations.

Practical implications

The research framework can help senior executives to foster CS by promoting OGC, OA and GI. Practitioners and academicians can also utilize or further investigate the proposed framework for validation and to foster CS.

Originality/value

This study fills gaps in the existing literature by investigating the mediating effect of GI between OGC and CS. The proposed research framework provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to CS based on the Organizational Ambidexterity theory and Natural Resource-based view.
Impact of hospital design on the psychological well-being of geriatric patients
Authors: Arafat Mohammad Yasser , Atreya Sonal
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The study investigates the relationship between hospital environmental factors and the well-being of geriatric in-patients. It aims to identify the impact of architectural design on comfort, safety, privacy and stress levels experienced by elderly patients during their hospital stays.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research assesses the experiences of 100 geriatric in-patients across various hospital types through surveys, observational checklists and state anxiety measurements. The methodology involves examining architectural features, patient perceptions and correlations among environmental variables and patient experiences. Statistical analyses, including correlations and chi-square tests, were employed to discern associations between environmental variables and patient experiences.

Findings

The research identified key architectural features significantly impacting geriatric patients' experiences. Factors such as sturdy beds, furniture quantity, lighting conditions, proximity to facilities and ward occupancy levels were found to influence spatial, sensory and social comfort. Notably, proximity to facilities and control over the immediate environment were crucial for self-control and safety perceptions. Privacy, highly valued by patients, correlated with the presence of curtains and ward occupancy. Moreover, patient stress levels exhibited correlations with autonomy, privacy and ward occupancy.

Originality/value

This research offers significant insights into the criticality of specific architectural elements in enhancing comfort and reducing stress for geriatric in-patients. These findings hold substantial value for healthcare facility design, emphasizing the need to prioritize certain design aspects to promote the well-being of elderly patients during hospitalization.
A citation study of global research on e-Health literacy
Authors: Nwagwu Williams E.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the volume of ehealth literacy documents during 2006–2022, and the nature of citation of ehealth documents by country, organizations, sources and authors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a bibliometric approach. Bibliographic data was collected on citation of ehealth documents by country, organizations, sources and authors from Scopus and mapped and visualized the citations using VosViewer.

Findings

A total of 1,176 documents were produced during 2006–2022, indicating a high rate of document production in this sub-discipline. Among the 102 countries that contributed documents on the subject, 58 qualified for the analysis. The USA had the highest number of cited documents on eHealth literacy, followed by Canada and Australia. The average publication year for the USA was 2018, with 348 publications and an average of 24.12 citations. Canada had a high average citation count of 44.69. Furthermore, the document examined citations by organizations.

Research limitations/implications

The research implications of the study suggest that eHealth literacy is an actively growing field of research, with a substantial impact on the academic community, and researchers should focus on collaboration with high-impact institutions and journals to increase the visibility and recognition of their work, while also paying attention to the need for more research representation from African countries.

Practical implications

The study’s findings indicate a high rate of document production and growing interest in eHealth literacy research, with the USA leading in the number of cited documents followed by Canada, while Canadian eHealth literacy research receives relatively higher citation rates on average than the USA.

Originality/value

The study’s originality lies in its examination of citation patterns and global contributions to eHealth literacy literature, offering valuable insights for researchers. It identifies key authors, high-impact journals and institutions, providing valuable guidance for collaboration. The research highlights a growing interest in eHealth literacy, underscoring its potential impact on public health and digital health interventions.
Understanding tensions in strategic communication practices: a strategy-as-practice study of the music industry
Authors: Edlom Jessica , Skålén Per
Published: March 2024

Purpose

In this study, we applied the strategy-as-practice (SAP) framework to analyse strategic communication practices. SAP implies approaching strategy as something that organisational members do and is useful for understanding the tensions between emergence and formalisation and between planning and improvisation that characterise the everyday communication work of communication practitioners.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on an ethnographic study of a record company and on qualitative interviews with various actors from the music industry.

Findings

Tensions exist between the emergence of inputs from active consumers that require flexibility and attempts to strategically formalise and continuously adapt plans and encourage consumers to act in anticipated ways. The findings revealed five strategic communication practices—meetings, working in the office, gathering and analysing consumer engagement and related data, collaboration and storytelling—that practitioners used to conduct strategic communication and navigate the tensions.

Originality/value

The study contributes to understanding the role of strategic communication practices in contemporary organisations and how practitioners manage the tensions within them. The study shows that an SAP approach can account for improvisation and emergence, as well as planning and formalisation. It also shows how SAP resonates with emergent and agile strategic communication frameworks.
Increased connections among soil microbes and microfauna enhances soil multifunctionality along a long‐term restoration chronosequence
Authors: Chen Wenqing , Wang Jianyu , Zhang Junhong , He Jia , Dong Zhenghong , Li Yuyu , Meng Zexin , Xu Ran , Chen Jun , Luo Sheng , Wang Zhengang , Liu Kaixi
Published: March 2024

The functional role of soil microbes in the restoration of degraded lands is greatly influenced by interactions within and between microbial communities, as well as by soil organisms at higher trophic levels (microfauna). However, little is known about how changes in connection patterns among soil microbes and their co‐existing microfauna contribute to associated changes in soil function over the ecosystem restoration process.

In this study, the effects of afforestation and natural regeneration approaches on connection patterns among soil microbes and their co‐existing microfauna were assessed in ex‐arable lands on the Loess Plateau in China along a 50‐year restoration chronosequence. The relationships between soil network connections, microbial functional associations, and multiple soil functions (e.g. multifunctionality) were assessed quantitatively.

Although both afforestation and natural regeneration approaches enhance connections among soil microbes and their co‐existing microfauna compared to recently abandoned sites, connection trends were opposed between these two approaches across the restoration chronosequence. Afforestation resulted in a higher number of soil microbial and microfauna species with a unimodal connection pattern, while natural regeneration resulted in a continuous increase in soil network connections over the progress of succession. These increases in soil network connections, particularly those of soil microfauna‐microbe and microbial inter‐kingdom connections, corresponded to enhanced microbial functional associations. This result is corroborated by significant correlations between microbial functional genes encoding different central functional pathways, which, in turn, were positively correlated with soil multifunctionality.

Synthesis and applications. Changes in the connections among soil microbes and their co‐existing microfauna were positively associated with changes in soil multifunctionality, mediated by microbial functional associations. While in the early restoration stages, soil networks following afforestation contained more connections than those following natural regeneration, in later restoration stages, the number of connections of the afforestation network declined and was eventually surpassed by those following natural regeneration. These findings raise concerns about the ecological sustainability of afforestation measures in historic grasslands on the Loess Plateau, suggesting that natural regeneration is the preferred approach to achieve long‐term ecological restoration success.
Analysing biodiversity observation data collected in continuous time: Should we use discrete‐ or continuous‐time occupancy models?
Authors: Pautrel Léa , Moulherat Sylvain , Gimenez Olivier , Etienne Marie‐Pierre
Published: March 2024

Biodiversity monitoring is undergoing a revolution, with fauna observation data being increasingly gathered continuously over extended periods, through sensors like camera traps and acoustic recorders, or via opportunistic observations. These data are often analysed with discrete‐time ecological models, requiring the transformation of continuously collected data into arbitrarily chosen, non‐independent discrete‐time intervals. To overcome this issue, ecologists are increasingly turning to the existing continuous‐time models in the literature. Closer to the real detection process, they are lesser known than discrete‐time models, not always easily accessible and can be more complex. Focusing on occupancy models, a type of species distribution models, we asked ourselves: Should we dedicate time and effort to learning and using these continuous‐time models, or can we go on using discrete‐time models?

We conducted a comparative simulation study using data generated within a continuous‐time framework. We assessed the performance of five static occupancy models with varying detection processes: discrete detection/non‐detection process, discrete count process, continuous‐time Poisson process and two types of modulated Poisson processes. Our goal was to assess their abilities to estimate occupancy probability with continuously collected data. We applied all models to empirical lynx data as an illustrative example.

In scenarios with easily detectable animals, we found that all models accurately estimated occupancy. All models reached their limits with highly elusive animals. Variation in discretisation intervals had minimal impact on the discrete models' capacity to estimate occupancy accurately.

Our study underscores that opting for continuous‐time models with an increased number of parameters, aiming to get closer to the sensor detection process, may not offer substantial advantages over simpler models when the sole aim is to accurately estimate occupancy. Model choice can thus be driven by practical considerations such as data availability or implementation time. However, occupancy models can encompass goals beyond estimating occupancy probability. Continuous‐time models, particularly those considering temporal variations in detection, can offer valuable insights into specific species behaviour and broader ecological inquiries. We hope that our findings offer valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners working with continuously collected data in wildlife monitoring and modelling.
Aging‐affiliated post‐translational modifications of skeletal muscle myosin affect biochemical properties, myofibril structure, muscle function, and proteostasis
Authors: Neal Clara L. , Kronert William A. , Camillo Jared Rafael T. , Suggs Jennifer A. , Huxford Tom , Bernstein Sanford I.
Published: March 2024

The molecular motor myosin is post‐translationally modified in its globular head, its S2 hinge, and its thick filament domain during human skeletal muscle aging. To determine the importance of such modifications, we performed an integrative analysis of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing myosin containing post‐translational modification mimic mutations. We determined effects on muscle function, myofibril structure, and myosin biochemistry. Modifications in the homozygous state decreased jump muscle function by a third at 3 weeks of age and reduced indirect flight muscle function to negligible levels in young flies, with severe effects on flight muscle myofibril assembly and/or maintenance. Expression of mimic mutations in the heterozygous state or in a wild‐type background yielded significant, but less severe, age‐dependent effects upon flight muscle structure and function. Modification of the residue in the globular head disabled ATPase activity and in vitro actin filament motility, whereas the S2 hinge mutation reduced actin‐activated ATPase activity by 30%. The rod modification diminished filament formation in vitro. The latter mutation also reduced proteostasis, as demonstrated by enhanced accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Overall, we find that mutation of amino acids at sites that are chemically modified during human skeletal muscle aging can disrupt myosin ATPase, myosin filament formation, and/or proteostasis, providing a mechanistic basis for the observed muscle defects. We conclude that age‐specific post‐translational modifications present in human skeletal muscle are likely to act in a dominant fashion to affect muscle structure and function and may therefore be implicated in degeneration and dysfunction associated with sarcopenia.
When it's not personal but positional: The upside of CEO power
Authors: Islam Ariful , Singh Harjinder , Sultana Nigar , Wright Sue
Published: March 2024

We examine links between corporate cash holdings and types of CEO power, and how these affect firm performance, using agency and stewardship theories to distinguish two types of CEO power: one attributable to the CEO position, and one attributable to CEO personal characteristics. Measured as indices, we find positive associations with cash holdings for both types of power, individually and in combination, but only positional power with higher cash holdings is positively associated with firm performance. Our findings are shown to be robust and suggest that scrutiny of cash holdings by CEOs with high personal power may be prudent.
An evaluation of the animal welfare accountability being demonstrated by global apparel companies
Authors: Zhao Xinchen , Deegan Craig
Published: March 2024

This study evaluates apparel companies' accountability through assessing the quality of their disclosures pertaining to animal welfare. Content analysis is undertaken of annual reports, social responsibility reports, dedicated social responsibility webpages and apparel hangtags and labels collected from the world's largest public apparel companies. Results show that the quality of apparel companies' animal welfare disclosure generally falls short of what is expected by surrogate representatives/stakeholders of animals.
A Mendelian randomization study on causal effects of leisure sedentary behavior on the risk of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Huangfu Zhao , Gan Xinxin , Yang Yiren , Pang Qingyang , Zhu Baohua , Zhang Xiao , Wang Linhui
Published: March 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction has been associated with leisure sedentary behavior in several epidemiological and observational studies. However, the interpretation of these findings is difficult due to residual confounding or reverse causality.

Objectives

To explore the causal association between leisure sedentary behavior and erectile dysfunction, and to explore the underlying mechanism using Mendelian randomization.

Materials and methods

In the present study, publicly available large‐scale genome‐wide association studies of leisure sedentary behaviors (television watching, computer use, and driving), erectile dysfunction, sex hormones (total testosterone, bioactive testosterone, estradiol, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and sex hormone binding globulin), biomarkers of endothelial function (C reactive protein, E‐selectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 7), and psychiatric symptoms (depression and anxiety) were used to perform two‐sample Mendelian randomization analyses. The inverse variance weighting method was the main method used to estimate the association, and sensitivity analyses were also performed.

Results

A greater risk of erectile dysfunction was significantly associated with a higher genetic susceptibility to leisure computer usage (odds ratio = 3.57; 95% confidence interval = 1.78–7.16; p < 0.001). No evidence was obtained to suggest that watching television or driving for leisure increased the risk of erectile dysfunction. No association was found between computer use and depression, anxiety, C reactive protein, E‐selectin, matrix metalloproteinase 7, or other sex hormones, with the exception of follicle‐stimulating hormone levels (odds ratio = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.12–0.69; p = 0.01). No indication of heterogeneity or pleiotropy was identified by sensitivity analysis.

Discussion

Extended computer usage for leisure raised the likelihood of developing erectile dysfunction, which may be associated to lower follicle‐stimulating hormone levels; however, the role of endothelial dysfunction and psychological disorders in the development of erectile dysfunction should not be underestimated. Moderate physical activity may help to correct the dysfunction.

Conclusion

The present study offered substantial evidence for a positive causal association between computer use and the risk of erectile dysfunction. However, a definitive causal association needs to be established by further research.
Does economic self‐interest determine public attitudes toward immigrants? An econometric case study in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Ana Maria , Takahashi Shingo
Published: March 2024

We examine two economic self‐interest hypotheses regarding the determinants of public attitudes toward immigrants: (1) the labor market hypothesis, which states that the employment and wage impacts of immigration determine the public attitudes, and (2) the welfare state hypothesis, which states that natives hold negative perceptions of immigrants due to concerns that they may strain the country's welfare budget. The first hypothesis predicts that natives' education will affect pro‐immigrant attitudes more positively when immigrants come from lower income countries. The second hypothesis predicts that natives' income affects the pro‐immigrant attitudes more negatively when immigrants come from lower income countries. We use the Japanese General Social Survey, which asks respondents' tolerance toward immigrants from different countries, allowing us to control for unobserved individual characteristics through a method akin to the fixed effect estimation. Our results indicate no difference in the effects of education and income on pro‐immigrant attitudes regardless of whether immigrants come from high‐ or low‐income countries. We conclude that economic self‐interest does not explain Japanese public attitudes toward immigrants. We discuss the policy implications about how to improve public attitudes toward immigrants.
Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model of subcutaneous bupivacaine in a novel extended‐release microparticle formulation
Authors: Storgaard Ida Klitzing , Jensen Elisabeth Kjær , Bøgevig Søren , Balchen Torben , Springborg Anders Holten , Royal Mike Allan , Møller Kirsten , Werner Mads Utke , Lund Trine Meldgaard
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model of subcutaneously administered bupivacaine in a novel extended‐release microparticle formulation for postoperative pain management. Bupivacaine was administered subcutaneously in the lower leg to 28 healthy male subjects in doses from 150 to 600 mg in a phase 1 randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, dose‐ascending study with two different microparticle formulations, LIQ865A and LIQ865B. Warmth detection threshold was used as a surrogate pharmacodynamic endpoint. Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic models were fitted to plasma concentration‐effect‐time data using non‐linear mixed‐effects modelling. The pharmacokinetics were best described by a two‐compartment model with biphasic absorption as two parallel absorption processes: a fast, zero‐order process and a slower, first‐order process with two transit compartments. The slow absorption process was found to be dose‐dependent and rate‐limiting for elimination at higher doses. Apparent bupivacaine clearance and the transit rate constant describing the slow absorption process both appeared to decrease with increasing doses following a power function with a shared covariate effect. The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship between plasma concentrations and effect was best described by a linear function. This model gives new insight into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of microparticle formulations of bupivacaine and the biphasic absorption seen for several local anaesthetics.
Post hoc analysis of daratumumab plus lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone in Black patients from final data of the GRIFFIN study
Authors: Nooka Ajay K. , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Rodriguez Cesar , Jakubowiak Andrzej , Efebera Yvonne , Reeves Brandi , Wildes Tanya M. , Holstein Sarah A. , Anderson Larry D. , Badros Ashraf , Shune Leyla , Chari Ajai , Pei Huiling , Cortoos Annelore , Patel Sharmila , Lin Thomas S. , Voorhees Peter M. , Usmani Saad Z. , Richardson Paul G.
Published: March 2024

Due in part to racial disparities and underrepresentation in clinical studies, optimal therapies for Black patients with multiple myeloma remain undefined. This final analysis of GRIFFIN by race showed that the addition of daratumumab (D) to lenalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone (RVd) provides clinical benefit among both Black and White transplant‐eligible newly diagnosed patients compared with RVd alone. However, Black patients were more likely to discontinue ≥1 drug due to treatment‐emergent adverse events. In summary, these findings suggest a benefit of D‐RVd front‐line therapy among Black and White patients and underscore the importance of equitable treatment access for all patients.
Usefulness of cardiopulmonary exercise test combined with exercise stress echocardiography in mild chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease
Authors: Kim Min Sun , Jeon Kina , Kim Eun Kyoung , Park Taek Kyu , Park Hye Yun , Yang Jeong Hoon , Park Sung‐Ji , Lee Sang‐Chol , Park Seung Woo , Kim Duk‐Kyung , Chang Sung‐A
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) can lead to exercise limitations even without right ventricular (RV) dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension at rest. Combining exercise stress echocardiography with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (ESE‐CPET) for RV function and pressure changes combined measuring overall function may be useful for CTEPD evaluation. This study aims to investigate CPET and ESE results to elucidate the mechanisms of exercise limitation in mild CTEPD cases.

Methods

Among our CTEPD registry, 50 patients who performed both right heart catheterization data of mild disease (less than 30 mm Hg of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)) and ESE‐CPET were enrolled. Echocardiography and CPET‐derived parameters were compared with hemodynamic parameters measured through right heart catheterization.

Results

Peak VO2 (maximal oxygen consumption) was decreased in overall population (71.3 ± 16.3% of predictive value). Peak VO2 during exercise was negatively correlate with mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance at rest. A substantial increase in RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was observed during exercise (RVSP: pre‐exercise 37.2 ± 11.8 mm Hg, postexercise 64.3 ± 24.9 mm Hg, p‐value < .001). Furthermore, RV function deteriorated during exercise when compared to the baseline (RV fractional area change: 31.5 ± 10.0% to 37.8 ± 7.0%, p‐value < .001; RV global longitudinal strain: −17.1 ± 4.2% to −17.7 ± 3.3%, p‐value < .001) even though basal RV function was normal. While an excessive increase in RVSP during exercise was noticed in both groups, dilated RV and RV dysfunction during exercise were demonstrated only in the impaired exercise capacity group.

Conclusion

CTEPD patients with mild PH or without PH exhibited limited exercise capacity alongside an excessive increase in RVSP during exercise. Importantly, RV dysfunction during exercise was significantly associated with exercise capacity. ESE‐CPET could aid in comprehending the primary cause of exercise limitation in these patients.
Revisiting the Usage of Alpha in Scale Evaluation: Effects of Scale Length and Sample Size
Authors: Xiao Leifeng , Hau Kit‐Tai , Wang Melissa Dan
Published: March 2024

Short scales are time‐efficient for participants and cost‐effective in research. However, researchers often mistakenly expect short scales to have the same reliability as long ones without considering the effect of scale length. We argue that applying a universal benchmark for alpha is problematic as the impact of low‐quality items is greater on shorter scales. In this study, we proposed simple guidelines for item reduction using the “alpha‐if‐item‐deleted” procedure in scale construction. An item can be removed if alpha increases or decreases by less than .02, especially for short scales. Conversely, an item should be retained if alpha decreases by more than .04 upon its removal. For reliability benchmarks, .80 is relatively safe in most conditions, but higher benchmarks are recommended for longer scales and smaller sample sizes. Supplementary analyses, including item content, face validity, and content coverage, are critical to ensure scale quality.
Magnetic resonance imaging fingerprints of status epilepticus: A case–control study
Authors: Bosque Varela Pilar , Tabaee Damavandi Payam , Machegger Lukas , Prüwasser Tanja , Zimmermann Georg , Oellerer Andreas , Steinbacher Jürgen , McCoy Mark , Pfaff Johannes , Trinka Eugen , Kuchukhidze Giorgi
Published: March 2024

Objective

Status epilepticus (SE) is frequently associated with peri‐ictal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities (PMA). However, the anatomical distribution of these alterations has not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to assess the localization patterns of PMA in patients with SE.

Methods

In this prospective case–control study, we compared the distribution and combinations of diffusion‐restricted PMA to diffusion‐restricted lesions caused by other neurological conditions. All patients of the SE group and the control group underwent MRI including a diffusion‐weighted imaging sequence. Patients with SE were imaged within 48 h after its onset.

Results

We enrolled 201 patients (51 with SE and 150 controls). The most frequent locations of PMA in SE were cortex (25/51, 49%), followed by hippocampus (20/51, 39%) and pulvinar of thalamus (10/51, 20%). In the control group, the cortex was involved in 80 of 150 (53%), white matter in 53 of 150 (35%), and basal ganglia in 33 of 150 (22%). In the control group, the pulvinar of thalamus was never affected and hippocampal structures were rarely involved (7/150, 5%). Involvement of the pulvinar of thalamus and the hippocampus had high specificity for SE at 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 98–100) and 95% (95% CI = 91–98), respectively. The sensitivity, however, was low for both locations (pulvinar of thalamus: 20%, 95% CI = 10–33; hippocampus: 39%, 95% CI = 26–54).

Significance

Diffusion‐restricted MRI lesions observed in the pulvinar of thalamus and hippocampus are strongly associated with SE. These changes may help physicians in diagnosing SE‐related changes on MRI in an acute setting, especially in cases of equivocal clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations of SE.
Status epilepticus: Is there a Stage 1 plus?
Authors: Magro Giuseppe , Laterza Vincenzo
Published: March 2024

In status epilepticus (SE), “time is brain.” Currently, first‐line therapy consists of benzodiazepines (BDZs) and SE is classified by the response to treatment; stage 2 or established SE is defined as “BDZ‐resistant SE.” Nonetheless, this classification does not always work, especially in the case of prolonged convulsive SE, where many molecular changes occur and γ‐aminobutyric acid signaling becomes excitatory. Under these circumstances, BDZ therapy might not be optimal, and might be possibly detrimental, if given alone; as the duration of SE increases, so too does BDZ resistance. Murine models of SE showed how these cases might benefit more from synergistic combined therapy from the start. The definition of Stage 1 plus is suggested, as a stage requiring combined therapy from the start, which includes prolonged SE with seizure activity going on for >10 min, the time that marks the disruption of receptor homeostasis, with increased internalization. This specific stage might require a synergistic approach from the start, with a combination of first‐ and second‐line treatment.
Assessing short‐term and long‐term security and efficacy of anterior nucleus of the thalamus deep brain stimulation for treating drug‐resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and single‐arm meta‐analysis
Authors: Verly Gabriel , Oliveira Leonardo de Barros , Delfino Thiffany , Batista Sávio , Lopes Thiago , Carvalho Vitória , McBenedict Billy , Oliveira Matheus , Bertani Raphael , Martins da Cunha Pedro Henrique , Paiva Wellingson , Lima Pessoa Bruno
Published: March 2024

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is a widespread invasive procedure for treating drug‐resistant epilepsy. Nonetheless, there is a persistent debate regarding the short‐term and long‐term efficacy and safety of ANT‐DBS. Thus we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA), we searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science for studies treating refractory epilepsy with ANT‐DBS. Short‐term analysis was considered for studies with a mean follow‐up of 3 years or less. The following outcomes were assessed for data extraction: procedure responders and nonresponders, increased seizure frequency, complications, and procedure‐related mortality. Of 650 studies, 25 fit our inclusion criteria, involving 427 patients. Previous surgical treatments have been reported in 214 patients (50.1%) and a median average baseline seizure frequency of 64.9 monthly seizures. In the short‐term analysis, we observed a proportion of 67% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54%–79%) of responders and 33% (95% CI 21%–46%) of nonresponders. In addition, 4% (95% CI 0%–9%) of the patients presented increased seizure frequency. In the long‐term analysis, we observed 72% (95% CI 66%–78%) responders and 27% (95% CI 21%–34%) nonresponders. Moreover, there was a 2% (95% CI 0%–5%) increase in seizure frequency. No procedure‐related mortality was reported at any follow‐up. ANT‐DBS effectively treats refractory epilepsy, with lasting short‐term and long‐term benefits. It remains safe and efficient despite complications, showing no procedure‐linked fatalities, high patient responsiveness, and minimal increased seizures. Consistent results over time and low morbidity/mortality rates emphasize its worth. Further research is necessary to diminish the discrepancy among results.
Expanding the family circle: Local in‐law relationships and their role in supporting foreign spouses
Authors: Ang‐Tan Ruth , Choo Hyekyung
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study investigates the role of local families‐in‐law in the lives of foreign spouses from low‐income, cross‐national families in Singapore, focusing on their potential as a source of support for social integration and access to resources.

Background

Foreign spouses in Singapore face challenges related to social integration and access to resources, and local in‐law relationships have been identified as a potential source of support.

Method

In‐depth interviews with 18 Chinese‐national foreign spouses were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Siblings‐in‐law were vital to foreign spouses, providing more emotional and practical support than parents‐in‐law. Local in‐law relationships influenced foreign spouses' identification with locals, and the local in‐laws' familiarity with local resources and networks facilitated access to formal and informal services, contributing to equitable outcomes.

Conclusion

Local families‐in‐law play a critical role in the lives of foreign spouses in Singapore, especially siblings‐in‐law. The findings highlight the potential of local in‐law relationships as a support system for cross‐national families.

Implications

The study's findings can inform policies and practices that support the well‐being of cross‐national families. Policymakers and practitioners should recognize the potential of local in‐law relationships and develop programs to strengthen them.
Emotion in public involvement: A conceptual review
Authors: Liabo Kristin , Asare Lauren , Ruthen Philip , Burton Julia , Staunton Pamela , Day Joanne
Published: March 2024

Background

Experiential knowledge can aid in designing research by highlighting what an idea looks like from a patient and carer perspective. Experiential knowledge can be emotional, and this can create challenges at formal research meetings.

Objective

The aim of this study was to consider the role of emotions in public involvement.

Methods

This is a conceptual review informed by relevant literature and reflection within the author team. A structured Scopus search was conducted in November 2021 and December 2022, identifying 18 articles that presented findings from patient and public involvement (PPI) research related to ‘emotion’. We complemented the search with theory‐generating articles related to the role of emotion and emotional labour in human life.

Findings

Study findings from the structured search were tabulated to identify recurring themes; these were as follows: emotional connections to the research topic can cause stressful as well as cathartic experiences of PPI, ‘emotional work’ is part of PPI when people are contributing with their experiential knowledge and the emotional aspect of ‘lived experience’ needs to be recognised in how PPI is planned and facilitated. These points were considered in relation to theoretical works and experiences within the author team.

Discussion

‘Emotion work’ is often required of public collaborators when they contribute to research. They are asked to contribute to research alongside researchers, with knowledge that often contains emotions or feelings. This can be both upsetting and cathartic, and the environment of the research study can make the experience worse or better.

Conclusions

The emotional component of experiential knowledge can be challenging to those invited to share this knowledge. It is imperative that researchers, research institutions and health and care professionals adjust research meeting spaces to show an awareness of the emotional labour that is involved in PPI.

Patient or Public Contribution

This review was initiated after a meeting between carers and family members of residents in care homes and researchers. The review is co‐written by a group of three researchers and three carers and family members. Regular online meetings were held during the draft stages to incorporate people's views and ideas. Data extracted from the review were presented to the group of public collaborators in a variety of formats (e.g., posters, slideshows, text and verbally) to facilitate shared sense‐making and synthesis of the literature.
Association of Monocyte Count With Lung Function and Exercise Capacity Among Hospitalized COVID‐19 Survivors: A 2‐Year Cohort Study
Authors: Gu Xiaoying , Huang Lixue , Li Xia , Zhou Yuting , Zhang Hui , Wang Yeming , Cui Dan , Yu Ting , Wang Yimin , Cao Bin
Published: March 2024

Background

Abnormal changes of monocytes have been observed in acute COVID‐19, whereas associations of monocyte count with long COVID were not sufficiently elucidated.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted among COVID‐19 survivors discharged from hospital. The primary outcomes were core symptoms of long COVID, distance walked in 6 min, and lung function, and the secondary outcomes were health‐related quality of life and healthcare use after discharge. Latent variable mixture modeling was used to classify individuals into groups with similar trajectory of monocyte count from discharge to 2‐year after symptom onset. Multivariable adjusted generalized linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of monocyte count trajectories and monocyte count at discharge with outcomes.

Results

In total, 1389 study participants were included in this study. Two monocyte count trajectories including high to normal high and normal trajectory were identified. After multivariable adjustment, participants in high to normal high trajectory group had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.52 (95% CI, 1.44–4.42) for smell disorder, 2.27 (1.27–4.04) for 6‐min walking distance less than lower limit of normal range, 2.45 (1.08–5.57) for total lung capacity (TLC) < 80% of predicted, 3.37 (1.16–9.76) for personal care problem, and 1.70 (1.12–2.58) for rehospitalization after discharge at 2‐year follow‐up compared with those in normal trajectory group. Monocyte count at discharge showed similar results, which was associated with smell disorder, TLC < 80% of predicted, diffusion impairment, and rehospitalization.

Conclusions

Monocyte count may serve as an easily accessible marker for long‐term management of people recovering from COVID‐19.
The perceived helpfulness and acceptability of a bespoke psychological therapy service for registered nurses experiencing psychological distress: A qualitative study
Authors: Whybrow Dean , Jones Bethan , Temeng Eunice , Dale Carys , Bundy Chris , Watts Tessa
Published: March 2024

Aim

To understand the perceived helpfulness and acceptability of a bespoke psychological therapy service for registered nurses. The service provided a free and confidential specialist mental health service to all healthcare professionals, including nurses and nursing students.

Design

An exploratory study using a descriptive qualitative approach.

Methods

A purposive sample of 20 registered nurses accessing a bespoke psychological therapy service in Wales participated in audio‐recorded semi‐structured interviews in January 2022. Transcribed data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Four interrelated themes were identified from the data analysis: COVID [SARS‐CoV‐2] changed things; You're a nurse, you're human; I've got ‘me’ back; and pretty close to miracle workers.

Conclusion

Participants attempted to live up to an idealized image of a nurse, generating self‐stigmatizing beliefs that negatively affected their mental health. The psychological therapy service enabled participants to put their roles into perspective, that is, separate themselves from their role, be vulnerable, and develop confidence and adaptive coping strategies. Participants valued the minimal barriers and ease of access to support.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The complex relationship between nurse identity and the challenges of the workplace needs to be central to nurse education. Nurses can benefit from rapid access to a timely, confidential, and independent self‐referring psychological therapy service.

Impact

This qualitative study explored the helpfulness and accessibility of psychological support for nurses. The main themes were that COVID changed things; You're a nurse, you're human; I've got ‘me’ back; and pretty close to miracle workers. The findings will impact how nurses are supported in the United Kingdom and worldwide.

Reporting Method

This report adheres to the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The Revival of Sorbents in Chronic Dialysis Treatment
Authors: Kooman Jeroen Peter
Published: March 2024

Interest in the use of sorbents in chronic dialysis treatment has undergone a revival in the last decades, for which two major factors are responsible. The first is the potential of sorbents as adjunct therapy for the removal of substances that are difficult to remove by conventional dialysis therapies. The second is their use in regeneration of dialysate, which is of pivotal importance in the design of portable or even wearable treatments, next to the potential for reducing water use during conventional dialysis treatment. Sorbent‐enhanced dialysis with synthetic polymers was associated with a reduction in inflammatory parameters as compared to hemodialysis and even associated with improved survival in smaller studies, although this needs to be confirmed in large randomized trials. Incorporation of sorbents within a dialysis membrane (mixed matrix membrane) appears a promising way forward to reduce the complexity and costs of a dual therapy but needs to be tested in vivo. For regeneration of dialysate, at present, a combination of urease, zirconium‐based sorbents, and activated charcoal is used. Next to sodium release by the sorbent in exchange for ammonium and the CO2 release by the hydrolysis of urea has been a bottleneck in the design of wearable devices, although short‐term trials have been performed. Still, for widespread and flexible application of sorbent‐assisted portable or wearable devices, a direct urea sorbent would be a major asset. In the near future, it will likely become apparent whether sorbent‐assisted dialysis techniques are feasible for routine implementation in clinical practice.
Estimation and convergence rates in the distributional single index model
Authors: Balabdaoui Fadoua , Henzi Alexander , Looser Lukas
Published: March 2024

The distributional single index model is a semiparametric regression model in which the conditional distribution functions of a real‐valued outcome variable depend on ‐dimensional covariates through a univariate, parametric index function , and increase stochastically as increases. We propose least squares approaches for the joint estimation of and in the important case where and obtain convergence rates of , thereby improving an existing result that gives a rate of . A simulation study indicates that the convergence rate for the estimation of might be faster. Furthermore, we illustrate our methods in an application on house price data that demonstrates the advantages of shape restrictions in single index models.