bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of the Glenosphere: A rare Post-operative Complication of Reverse shoulder Replacement
Authors: Soni Yogesh , Arora Manit
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Reverse shoulder replacement (RSR) has been accepted as the treatment of choice for glenohumeral arthritis with irreparable rotator cuff tear. Dislocation has been a potential complication of RSR but glenosphere disengagement is a rare complication itself. There have been only few published reports of this complication in the literature.

Case Report: In this case report, we have presented a case of repeated disengagement of glenoid sphere post-RSR in a 72-year-old male retired army personnel operated with Zimmer Biomet comprehensive RSR design.

Conclusion: In our case scenario, we postulate that soft-tissue interposition was the reason for disengagement during first episode and was successfully relocated after removal. However, the subsequent disengagement was due to improper seating of sphere due to large central screw. Revision to a smaller central screw size appears to be the definitive solution in such case.

Keywords: Reverse shoulder replacement, glenosphere disengagement, glenohumeral arthritis, irreparable rotator cuff tear.
Tibial Avulsion with Intra-Articular Entrapment of Medial Collateral Ligament with Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear with Posterior Root Medial Meniscus Tear: A Case Report of an Unusual Injury Triad
Authors: Shevate Ishan , Nathani Girish , Deshmukh Ashwin , Kandari Anirudh
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee joint; however, its displacement into the medial knee compartment is rare. Traumatic posterior root of medial meniscus (PRMM) tears are commonly found in high-grade injuries involving anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears along with MCL tears. Diagnosis of these injuries can be made by a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but they can be missed at times due to severe soft-tissue swelling in the acute phase.

Case Report: A 25-year-old gentleman presented with injury to the front of his left knee 5 days back. On examination, he had a Grade 3 effusion with valgus stress test and posterior drawer test being positive and medial joint line tenderness was present. A firm localized swelling was palpable on the medial joint line. MRI scan revealed a mid-substance PCL tear, ACL sprain, PRMM tear, and tibial side rupture of superficial MCL with proximally migrated wavy MCL fibers lying below the medial meniscus confirmed on arthroscopy. Medial meniscus root repair by pull through technique and PCL reconstruction with a 3-strand peroneus longus graft followed by open MCL repair with augmentation using a semitendinosus graft was performed. Postoperatively, the knee was kept in a straight knee brace for 4 weeks, followed by a hinged knee brace and appropriate physiotherapy were started. At 2 years follow-up, the patient had attained full range of knee motion with good quadriceps strength, tibial step off maintained, and negative posterior drawer test and valgus stress test. Displacement of torn MCL into the medial knee compartment is an extremely rare injury. Proximal or distal avulsion of MCL with intra-articular incarceration has been reported in isolation or associated with ACL tear. Such an injury triad as reported here has not been reported in the literature to the best of our review.

Conclusion: In our case, we report a ver
Pseudocystic Osteosarcoma: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall – Case Report
Authors: Ishida Naoki
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Pseudocystic osteosarcoma (OS) is an uncommon variant of conventional OS. Clinical and radiological features are presented as benign process with a non-rapid growth rate. Treatment may be adversely affected by the delay in diagnosis or an appropriate invasive procedure.

Case Presentation: We report a rare case of pseudocystic OS of the distal femur in a 6-year-old boy. Imaging findings revealed an osteolytic intra-compartmental tumor, that suggested either simple bone cyst or subacute osteomyelitis. The patient was first operated by lateral approach for curettage but histopathology showed conventional OS. Treatment had been managed by standard current chemotherapy and trans-epiphyseal intercalary resection through lateral approach. Reconstruction was done by a non-vascularized autograft within the induced membrane technique. At 3 years of follow-up, the patient remained disease-free with good anatomical and functional results.

Conclusion: conventional OS can be presented in rare cases as a benign bone cyst tumor. This type of pseudocystic OS should be included in the differential diagnosis of bone cyst tumors and pseudo-tumors.

Keywords: Osteosarcoma, pseudocystic, surgery, reconstruction.
Bilateral Severe Genu Varum in Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Amit Kumar , Wadia Farokh , Gawhale Sangeet , Panchal Sameer , Talukder Pritam , Mokashi Mitali
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen (DMC) syndrome was described in 1962 as an autosomal recessive type of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia associated with mental retardation. Dymeclin (DYM) gene on chromosome 18q12.1 that encodes for DYM protein which is expressed in cartilage, bone, and brain is mutated in DMC.

Case Report: A 6 year -old male child presented with bilateral gradually progressive genu varum deformity of 4 years’ duration. There was no significant past medical and family history. A plain radiograph of his knee, pelvis, and spine shows some classical signs of skeletal dysplasia. A plain radiograph of the pelvis with both hips shows a classical semilunar, irregular lacy appearance around the iliac crest which is a pathognomonic radiological sign of this syndrome.

Conclusion: The radiographic lacy appearance of iliac crests and generalized platyspondyly with double-humped end plates are pathognomonic of DMC.

Keywords: Genu varum, Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia.
IFDDA, an easy-to-use code for simulating the field scattered by 3D inhomogeneous objects in a stratified medium: tutorial
Authors: Chaumet Patrick C. , Sentenac Daniel , Maire Guillaume , Rasedujjaman Md , Zhang Ting , Sentenac Anne
Published: October 2021

In this tutorial, we introduce a solver of monochromatic Maxwell equations made freely available at https://www.fresnel.fr/perso/chaumet/ifdda.html, based on the volume moment method. The Institut Fresnel Discrete Dipole Approximation or Idiot-Friendly Discrete Dipole Approximation (IFDDA) calculates the diffracted field, the optical forces, and the image through a microscope of any three-dimensional inhomogeneous object, possibly anisotropic, placed in a stratified medium. In this method, only the object is meshed so the required memory space is kept to a minimum. We describe the principle and the potentialities of IFDDA and present comparisons with Mie theory and experimental data to assess the accuracy of the method. In addition, we provide a user guide for first steps with the solver. We hope that you will use and enjoy this numerical tool!
Shape-preserving atomic pulse amplifier
Authors: Daloi Nilamoni , Dey Tarak Nath
Published: October 2021

Propagation of a weak probe pulse through a

Λ

system in a resonant gain configuration is investigated. We employ the control field intensity that permits the amplification of probe pulse during propagation, without instability at two photon resonance. Posterior to amplification, a broadened probe pulse is obtained, which retains its initial pulse shape and travels at the speed of light in vacuum without experiencing any delay, absorption, and dispersion. The salient feature of this technique lies in the fact that in addition to preserving the initial pulse shape, it also ensures stable pulse propagation after amplification. It also works for arbitrary probe pulse shapes.
Dynamic measurements at up to 130-kHz sampling rates using Ti:sapphire dual-comb distance metrology
Authors: Mitchell Toby , Sun Jinghua , Reid Derryck T.
Published: October 2021

By using fully-locked Ti:sapphire combs operating with repetition-frequencies of 513 MHz, we demonstrate high-speed dual-comb distance metrology with update rates up to 130 kHz, equivalent to a sampling interval of 7.7 µs. This measurement bandwidth is achieved by limiting detection to a wavelength range much less than the pulse bandwidth, enabling interferometric precision to be reached in a time of 2.6 ms and yielding a precision of 2 nm in 100 ms. The repetition frequency achieves an instantaneous non-ambiguity range of 29.2 cm, while the high sampling rate provides the ability to make dynamic measurements, which is demonstrated by using the system to directly sample audio waveforms by recording the displacement of a mirror mounted on a loudspeaker.
Optical measurement in a curved optical medium with optical birefringence and anisotropic absorption
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsin , Wang Yu-Jen , Lin Hung-Chun , Lee Ming-Long , Chen Po-Lun
Published: October 2021

The planar optical mediums with properties of either birefringence
(i.e., waveplates) or anisotropic absorption (i.e., polarizers) are
well studied. However, how a beam propagates in a birefringent curved
medium with anisotropic absorption, especially for curved-sheet
polarizers, still needs to be investigated. In this paper, we study
optical wave propagation through a curved-birefringent medium with
anisotropic absorption. We built an optical model based on the Mueller
matrix to predict the spatial distributions in light intensity and
polarization when light propagates in a curved-birefringent medium
with anisotropic absorption. To demonstrate how to use the optical
model, the experiments based on ellipsometry are also performed. The
impact of this study is to analyze the light propagation in
birefringent-curved medium with anisotropic absorption, which could
affect the performance of curved liquid crystal devices with curved
polarizers, such as curved liquid crystal displays (LCDs), flexible
LCDs, and flexible LC lenses.
Fabrication of a light screen-aperture integrated flexible thin film micro-lens array for a biomimetic superposition compound eye
Authors: Yi Jungho , Baek Changhoon , Kim Jisung , Koo Kyoin , Seo Jongmo
Published: October 2021

Micro-lens array, an artificial compound eye vision system, provides a wide field of view and multi-perspective view. However, it has not been adopted as a computer vision application due to its limited visible range and high optical interference. In this research, a novel fabrication method for the flexible polydimethylsiloxane micro-lens array with a polytetrafluoroethylene light screen-aperture integrated layer was established by the simple protrusion method. The integrated layer provided longer visible range by one meter while maintaining the wide field-of-view of 100 °. The resulting images were used for obtaining depth information of a target as an example and for analyzing the rectangular and hexagonal arrangements of the micro-lenses for the future applications. With the improved visual range, wide field-of-view and flexibility, the fabricated micro-lens array can be applied to the small and curved CMOS image sensors in the future.
Unveiling and engineering of third-order optical nonlinearities in NiCo2O4 nanoflowers
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Khan Pritam , Mandal Dipendranath , Pathak Mansi , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Adarsh K. V.
Published: October 2021

In this Letter, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge,

N
i
C
o

2

O

4

(NCO) as a novel nonlinear optical material with straightforward potential applications in optical limiting. For the 532 nm nanosecond laser, excited state absorption (ESA) and free-carrier absorption give rise to large ESA coefficient (

β

E
S
A

) and positive nonlinear

n

2

. On the other hand, when excited with the 800 nm femtosecond laser, two-photon absorption (TPA) takes place, and bound carriers induce strong negative

n

2

. The values of

β

and

n

2

obtained for NCO are found to be higher compared to other conventional transition metal oxides and, therefore, are promising for optics and other photonics applications.
Quantitative polarimetry Mueller matrix decomposition approach for diagnosing melanoma and non-melanoma human skin cancer
Authors: Vahidnia Armaghan , Madanipour Khosro , Abedini Robabeh , Karimi Reza , Sanderson Joseph , Zare Zahra , Parvin Parviz
Published: October 2021

A simple and effective polarimetric technique is used to discriminate benign lesions from cancerous ones. This method is based on key polarimetric parameters of diattenuation, depolarization, and retardance. Several samples of human skin exhibiting three kinds of cancer as well as benign specimens are examined using a polarimetric technique and results are compared with pathology diagnosis. In this study polarimetric parameters are taken into account as a reliable diagnostic tool to distinguish the cancerous lesions precisely and non-invasively.
Quantitative phase imaging with single-path phase-shifting digital holography using a light-emitting diode
Authors: Tahara Tatsuki , Kozawa Yuichi , Matsuda Atsushi , Oi Ryutaro
Published: October 2021

We propose a quantitative phase imaging technique with single-path phase-shifting digital holography using a light-emitting diode (LED). A reference wave is generated from an object wave in the Fourier plane using a single-path interferometer, based on self-reference digital holography. The object wave interferes with the reference wave, and the quantitative phase information of the object wave is recorded as a digital hologram. Quantitative phase images of objects are obtained by applying a phase-shifting interferometry technique. All the light diffracted from the objects can be utilized to generate a digital hologram. Its validity is experimentally demonstrated by constructing an optical system with a wide-field optical microscope.
Four-channel CWDM device on a thin-film lithium niobate platform using an angled multimode interferometer structure
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Ruan Ziliang , Wang Zong , Huang Pucheng , Guo Changjian , Dai Daoxin , Chen Kaixuan , Liu Liu
Published: October 2021

A compact and high-performance coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) device is introduced with a footprint of

2.1
  
mm
×
0.02
  
mm

using an angled multimode interferometer structure based on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. The demonstrated device built on a 400 nm thick

x

-cut TFLN shows ultra-low insertion losses of

<
0.72
  
dB

. Measured 3 dB bandwidths are 12.1 nm for all channels, and cross talks from adjacent channels are better than 18 dB. Its peak wavelength positions comply with the CWDM standard with a channel spacing of 20 nm. The filter bandwidth of the proposed CWDM device can be tuned by adjusting the structural parameters. This demonstrated CWDM device will promote future realization of multi-channel and multi-wavelength transmitter chips on TFLN.
Crowdsourcing biocuration: The Community Assessment of Community Annotation with Ontologies (CACAO)
Authors: Ramsey Jolene , McIntosh Brenley , Renfro Daniel , Aleksander Suzanne A. , LaBonte Sandra , Ross Curtis , Zweifel Adrienne E. , Liles Nathan , Farrar Shabnam , Gill Jason J. , Erill Ivan , Ades Sarah , Berardini Tanya Z. , Bennett Jennifer A. , Brady Siobhan , Britton Robert , Carbon Seth , Caruso Steven M. , Clements Dave , Dalia Ritu , Defelice Meredith , Doyle Erin L. , Friedberg Iddo , Gurney Susan M. R. , Hughes Lee , Johnson Allison , Kowalski Jason M. , Li Donghui , Lovering Ruth C. , Mans Tamara L. , McCarthy Fiona , Moore Sean D. , Murphy Rebecca , Paustian Timothy D. , Perdue Sarah , Peterson Celeste N. , Prüß Birgit M. , Saha Margaret S. , Sheehy Robert R. , Tansey John T. , Temple Louise , Thorman Alexander William , Trevino Saul , Vollmer Amy Cheng , Walbot Virginia , Willey Joanne , Siegele Deborah A. , Hu James C.
Published: October 2021

Experimental data about gene functions curated from the primary literature have enormous value for research scientists in understanding biology. Using the Gene Ontology (GO), manual curation by experts has provided an important resource for studying gene function, especially within model organisms. Unprecedented expansion of the scientific literature and validation of the predicted proteins have increased both data value and the challenges of keeping pace. Capturing literature-based functional annotations is limited by the ability of biocurators to handle the massive and rapidly growing scientific literature. Within the community-oriented wiki framework for GO annotation called the Gene Ontology Normal Usage Tracking System (GONUTS), we describe an approach to expand biocuration through crowdsourcing with undergraduates. This multiplies the number of high-quality annotations in international databases, enriches our coverage of the literature on normal gene function, and pushes the field in new directions. From an intercollegiate competition judged by experienced biocurators, Community Assessment of Community Annotation with Ontologies (CACAO), we have contributed nearly 5,000 literature-based annotations. Many of those annotations are to organisms not currently well-represented within GO. Over a 10-year history, our community contributors have spurred changes to the ontology not traditionally covered by professional biocurators. The CACAO principle of relying on community members to participate in and shape the future of biocuration in GO is a powerful and scalable model used to promote the scientific enterprise. It also provides undergraduate students with a unique and enriching introduction to critical reading of primary literature and acquisition of marketable skills.
Association between relative handgrip strength and hypertension in Chinese adults: An analysis of four successive national surveys with 712,442 individuals (2000-2014)
Authors: Feng Qiang , Jiang Chongmin , Wang Mei , Cai Rui , Wang Huan , Wu Dongming , Wang Fubaihui , Lin Lizi , Nassis George P.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the 15-year trends of handgrip strength-to-weight (relative HS) and assess the association between relative HS and hypertension among Chinese adults aged 20–69.

Methods

Using a complex, stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling, we analyzed data collected from 712,442 adults aged 20–69 years in four successive national surveys (2000–2014). We used a handheld dynamometer to measure strength and divided by body weight to calculate the relative HS. Blood pressure was recorded with a sphygmomanometer and hypertension was defined as resting systolic blood pressure at least 140 mmHg or diastolic at least 90 mmHg. The Mann-Kendall trend test examined trends in relative HS over time. We also computed odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) by tertile of relative HS and examined the association between relative HS and hypertension.

Results

The relative HS level decreased with the increase of age in both male and females (p trend <0.001). In each of four surveys, one interquartile decrease in relative HS was associated with an increased risk of hypertension by 44% (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.40–1.47), 58% (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.54–1.62), 48% (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.45–1.52), 43% (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.40–1.47), respectively.

Conclusion

In the Chinese adult population, the relative HS level decreased from 2000 to 2014 across all ages in both males and females. A lower relative HS was associated with a higher risk of hypertension. The findings provided evidence for the association between muscle strength and hypertension in large-scaled population.
The mobile emergency recovery intervention trial (MERIT): Protocol for a 3-year mixed methods observational study of mobile recovery outreach teams in Nevada’s emergency departments
Authors: Smith Krysti P. , Oman Roy F. , Lu Minggen , Dawkins Ashley D. , Harding Robert W. , Hepworth Katherine , Wagner Karla D.
Published: October 2021

Background

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration awarded State Targeted Response grants to support states’ efforts to address the opioid epidemic. In Nevada, one component of this grant was mobile recovery outreach teams (MROTs) that utilized peer recovery support specialists to provide care for qualifying patients in emergency departments (EDs). The Mobile Emergency Recovery Intervention Trial (MERIT) is a mixed methods study to assess the feasibility/acceptability and effectiveness of the MROT intervention. This protocol mainly describes the R33 research activities and outcomes. The full protocol can be found protocols.io.

Methods

Data will be derived from state-level data sets containing de-identified emergency department visits, substance use disorder treatment records, and mortality files; in-person mixed methods interviews; participant observation; and self-report process evaluation forms. Primary outcomes include Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) initiation and non-fatal overdose; secondary outcomes include MAT retention and fatal overdose. Quantitative hypotheses will be tested using generalized linear mixed effects models, Bayesian hierarchical models, and marginal Cox models. Qualitative interview data will be analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis procedure.

Discussion

It is impossible to conduct a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of the MROTs, given the ethical and logistical considerations of this intervention.

This study’s innovative design employs a mixed methods formative phase to examine feasibility and acceptability, and a quasi-experimental outcomes evaluation phase employing advanced statistical methods to mitigate bias and suggest causal inference regarding the effectiveness of the MROTs.

Innovative interventions have been deployed in many states; evidence regarding their effectiveness is lacking, but critical to informing an effective public health response to the opioid epidemic.
The effect of gender stereotypes on young girls’ intuitive number sense
Authors: Gonzalez Antonya Marie , Odic Darko , Schmader Toni , Block Katharina , Baron Andrew Scott
Published: October 2021

Despite the global importance of science, engineering, and math-related fields, women are consistently underrepresented in these areas. One source of this disparity is likely the prevalence of gender stereotypes that constrain girls’ and women’s math performance and interest. The current research explores the developmental roots of these effects by examining the impact of stereotypes on young girls’ intuitive number sense, a universal skill that predicts later math ability. Across four studies, 762 children ages 3–6 were presented with a task measuring their Approximate Number System accuracy. Instructions given before the task varied by condition. In the two control conditions, the task was described to children either as a game or a test of eyesight ability. In the experimental condition, the task was described as a test of math ability and that researchers were interested in whether boys or girls were better at math and counting. Separately, we measured children’s explicit beliefs about math and gender. Results conducted on the combined dataset indicated that while only a small number of girls in the sample had stereotypes associating math with boys, these girls performed significantly worse on a test of Approximate Number System accuracy when it was framed as a math test rather than a game or an eyesight test. These results provide novel evidence that for young girls who do endorse stereotypes about math and gender, contextual activation of these stereotypes may impair their intuitive number sense, potentially affecting their acquisition of formal mathematics concepts and developing interest in math-related fields.
Incidence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes of inappropriate birth weight for gestational age among singleton live births in Qatar: A population-based study
Authors: Younes Salma , Samara Muthanna , Salama Noor , Al-jurf Rana , Nasrallah Gheyath , Al-Obaidly Sawsan , Salama Husam , Olukade Tawa , Hammuda Sara , Abdoh Ghassan , Abdulrouf Palli Valapila , Farrell Thomas , AlQubaisi Mai , Al Rifai Hilal , Al-Dewik Nader
Published: October 2021

Background

Abnormal fetal growth can be associated with factors during pregnancy and at postpartum.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes associated with small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants.

Methods

We performed a population-based retrospective study on 14,641 singleton live births registered in the PEARL-Peristat Study between April 2017 and March 2018 in Qatar. We estimated the incidence and examined the risk factors and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

SGA and LGA incidence rates were 6.0% and 15.6%, respectively. In-hospital mortality among SGA and LGA infants was 2.5% and 0.3%, respectively, while for NICU admission or death in labor room and operation theatre was 28.9% and 14.9% respectively. Preterm babies were more likely to be born SGA (aRR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.45–3.57) but male infants (aRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.4–0.81), those born to parous (aRR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.93), or overweight (aRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42–0.97) mothers were less likely to be born SGA. On the other hand, males (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.49–2.19), infants born to parous mothers (aRR 2.16; 95% CI, 1.63–2.82), or to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (aRR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11–1.66), or pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (aRR 2.58; 95% CI, 1.8–3.47) were significantly more likely to be LGA. SGA infants were at high risk of in-hospital mortality (aRR, 226.56; 95% CI, 3.47–318.22), neonatal intensive care unit admission or death in labor room or operation theatre (aRR, 2.14 (1.36–3.22).

Conclusion

Monitoring should be coordinated to alleviate the risks of inappropriate fetal growth and the associated adverse consequences.
Comparative effectiveness of ultrasound-guided and anatomic landmark percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Kun-Te , Kao Yung-Shuo , Chiu Chun-Wen , Lin Chi-Hsien , Chou Chu-Chung , Hsieh Pei-You , Lin Yan-Ren
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Ultrasound-guided tracheostomy (UGT) and bronchoscope-guided tracheostomy (BGT) have been well compared. However, the differences in benefits between UGT and landmark tracheostomy (LT) have not been addressed and, in particular, lack a detailed meta-analysis. We aimed to compare the first-pass success, complication rate, major bleeding rate, and tracheostomy procedure time between UGT and LT.

Methods

In a systematic review, relevant databases were searched for studies comparing UGT with LT in intubated patients. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) of first-pass success. The secondary outcomes were the OR of complications, OR of major bleeding, and standardized mean difference (SMD) of the total tracheostomy procedure time.

Results

The meta-analysis included three randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and one nonrandomized controlled study (NRS), comprising 474 patients in total. Compared with LT, UGT increased first-pass success (OR: 4.287; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.308 to 7.964) and decreased complications (OR: 0.422; 95% CI: 0.249 to 0.718). However, compared with LT, UGT did not significantly reduce major bleeding (OR: 0.374; 95% CI: 0.112 to 1.251) or the total tracheostomy placement time (SMD: -0.335; 95% CI: -0.842 to 0.172).

Conclusions

Compared with LT, real-time UGT increases first-pass success and decreases complications. However, UGT was not associated with a significant reduction in the major bleeding rate. The total tracheostomy placement time comparison between UGI and LT was inconclusive.
Soil health indicators for Central Washington orchards
Authors: DuPont Sara Tianna , Kalcsits Lee , Kogan Clark
Published: October 2021

Soil health assessment can be a critical soil testing tool that includes biological and physical indicators of soil function related to crop and environmental health. Soil health indicator minimum data sets should be regional and management goal specific. The objective of this study was to initiate the steps to develop a soil assessment tool for irrigated orchard soils in Central Washington, United States including defining objectives, gathering baseline data and selecting target indicators. This study measured twenty-one biological, physical and chemical properties of soils in irrigated Central Washington apple orchards including indicators of water availability, root health, fertility, and biological activity. Soil factors were related to fruit yield and quality. Principal components and nonlinear Bayesian modeling were used to explore the relationship between soil health indicators and yield. Soil indicators measurements in Washington state orchards varied widely but generally had lower organic matter, available water capacity, wet aggregate stability and higher percent sand than in other regions. Linear mixed effects models for available water capacity and percent sand showed significant effects on yield, and models for root health ratings andPratylenchusnematodes had moderate effects. The minimum dataset of soil health indicators for Central Washington orchards should include measurements of water availability (available water capacity, percent sand) and of root health (bean root health rating,Pratylenchusnematodes) in addition to standard fertility indicators to meet stakeholder management goals.
Intraperitoneal administration of human “Neo-Islets”, 3-D organoids of mesenchymal stromal and pancreatic islet cells, normalizes blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-diabetic NOD/SCID mice: Significance for clinical trials
Authors: Westenfelder Christof , Hu Zhuma , Zhang Ping , Gooch Anna
Published: October 2021

Globally, individuals with autoimmune Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) continue to depend for survival on insulin injections. While pancreas and intrahepatic pancreatic islet transplants can produce insulin-independence and ameliorate serious complications, both therapies depend on potentially toxic anti-rejection drugs. Furthermore, the scarcity of pancreas donors and islet transplant failures limit the general availability of such interventions. Recently, fetal and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells have been successfully differentiated to generate insulin producing β-like cells that generate euglycemia in diabetic mice. However, their clinical use still depends on anti-rejection drugs or immune-isolating encapsulation systems. We reported recently that allogeneic “Neo-Islets” (NI), 3-D organoids of Mesenchymal Stromal and Islet Cells are immune protected and permanently correct autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by omental engraftment and endocrine cell redifferentiation. This new “endocrine pancreas” delivers islet hormones physiologically into the hepatic portal vein. Furthermore, treatment of insulin-dependent dogs with allogeneic canine NIs (ongoing FDA-approved Pilot Study) consistently improved glycemic control without the need for antirejection drugs. As there remains a critical need for curative therapies of T1DM, we engineered human NIs and tested their ability, after i.p. administration, to reestablish euglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic NOD/SCID mice. This diabetes model reproduces, in part, the clinical situation in which recipients of allogeneic biotherapies must take potent anti-rejection drugs that similarly create a life-long immune-compromised status. The present study demonstrates that human NI therapy (2x10e5/kg bw NIs/mouse) of STZ-diabetic NOD/SCID mice (n = 6), compared to controls (n = 6) significantly improved glycemic control, and most importantly, that a second dose given to the initial group normalized blood glucose levels long-term. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of the utilized diabetic NOD/SCID mouse model, the obtained data show that human NIs are curative, an observation that has high translational relevance and significantly supports the planned conduct of clinical trials with human NIs.
Clinical usefulness of brief screening tool for activating weight management discussions in primary cARE (AWARE): A nationwide mixed methods pilot study
Authors: Atlantis Evan , John James Rufus , Fahey Paul Patrick , Hocking Samantha , Peters Kath
Published: October 2021

Objective

The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) is based on weight related health complications among individuals with overweight and obesity requiring clinical intervention. We aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of a new screening tool based on the EOSS for activating weight management discussions in general practice.

Methods

We enrolled five General Practitioners (GPs) and 25 of their patients located nationwide in metropolitan areas of Australia to test the feasibility, acceptability, and accuracy of the new ‘EOSS-2 Risk Tool’, using cross-sectional and qualitative study designs. Diagnostic accuracy of the tool for the presence of EOSS ≥2 criteria was based on clinical information collected prospectively. To assess feasibility and applicability, we explored the views of GP and patient participants by thematic analysis of transcribed verbatim and de-identified data collected by semi-structured telephone interviews.

Results

Nineteen (76%) patients were aged ≥45 years, five (20%) were male, and 20 (80%) were classified with obesity. All 25 patients screened positive for EOSS ≥2 criteria by the tool. Interviews with patients continued until data saturation was reached resulting in a total of 23 interviews. Our thematic analysis revealed five themes: GP recognition of obesity as a health priority (GPs expressed strong interest in and understanding of its importance as a health priority); obesity stigma (GPs reported the tool helped them initiate health based and non-judgmental conversations with their patients); patient health literacy (GPs and patients reported increased awareness and understanding of weight related health risks), patient motivation for self-management (GPs and patients reported the tool helped focus on self-management of weight related complications), and applicability and scalability (GPs stated it was easy to use, relevant to a range of their patient groups, and scalable if integrated into existing patient management systems).

Conclusion

The EOSS-2 Risk Tool is potentially clinically useful for activating weight management discussions in general practice. Further research is required to assess feasibility and applicability.
Do faces speak volumes? Social expectations in speech comprehension and evaluation across three age groups
Authors: Hanulíková Adriana
Published: October 2021

An unresolved issue in social perception concerns the effect of perceived ethnicity on speech processing. Bias-based accounts assume conscious misunderstanding of native speech in the case of a speaker classification as nonnative, resulting in negative ratings and poorer comprehension. In contrast, exemplar models of socially indexed speech perception suggest that such negative effects arise only when a contextual cue to the social identity is misleading, i.e. when ethnicity and speech clash with listeners’ expectations. To address these accounts, and to assess ethnicity effects across different age groups, three non-university populations (N = 172) were primed with photographs of Asian and white European women and asked to repeat and rate utterances spoken in three accents (Korean-accented German, a regional German accent, standard German), all embedded in background noise. In line with exemplar models, repetition accuracy increased when the expected and perceived speech matched, but the effect was limited to the foreign accent, and—at the group level—to teens and older adults. In contrast, Asian speakers received the most negative accent ratings across all accents, consistent with a bias-based view, but group distinctions again came into play here, with the effect most pronounced in older adults, and limited to standard German for teens. Importantly, the effects varied across ages, with younger adults showing no effects of ethnicity in either task. The findings suggest that theoretical contradictions are a consequence of methodological choices, which reflect distinct aspects of social information processing.
Skin coloration is a culturally-specific cue for attractiveness, healthiness, and youthfulness in observers of Chinese and western European descent
Authors: Lu Yan , Yang Jie , Xiao Kaida , Pointer Michael , Li Changjun , Wuerger Sophie
Published: October 2021

Facial skin coloration signals information about an individual and plays an important role in social interactions and mate choice, due its putative association with health, attractiveness, and age. Whether skin coloration as an evolutionary significant cue is universal or specific to a particular culture is unclear and current evidence on the universality of skin color as a cue to health and attractiveness are equivocal. The current study used 80 calibrated, high-resolution, non-manipulated images of real human faces, either of Chinese or western European descent, which were rated in terms of attractiveness, healthiness, and perceived age by 44 observers, 22 western European (13 male; mean age ± SD = 24.27 ± 5.30) and 22 Chinese (7 male; mean age ± SD = 26.05 ± 3.96) observers. To elucidate the associations between skin coloration and these perceptual ratings and whether these associations are modulated by observer or image ethnicity, a linear mixed-effect model was setup with skin lightness (L*; CIELAB), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), observer and image ethnicity as independent variables and perceived attractiveness, healthiness, and estimated age as dependent variables. We found robust positive associations between facial skin lightness (L*) and attractiveness, healthiness, and youthfulness, but only when Chinese observers judge facial images of their own ethnicity. Observers of European descent, on the other hand, associated an increase in yellowness(b*) with greater attractiveness and healthiness in Chinese facial images. We find no evidence that facial redness is positively associated with these attributes; instead, an increase in redness (a*) is associated with an increase in the estimated age of European facial images. We conclude that observers of both ethnicities make use of skin color and lightness to rate attractiveness, healthiness, and perceived age, but to a lesser degree than previously thought. Furthermore, these coloration cues are not universal and are utilized differently within the Chinese and western European ethnic groups. Our study adds to the growing body of work demonstrating the importance of skin color manipulations within an evolutionary meaningful parameter space, ideally using realistic skin models based on physical parameters.
Spatialization of Confucian ethics in the Song of China
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: October 2021

This article analyses the understudied film Song of China, mainly directed by Fei Mu, and argues that Confucian morality is spatialized and encapsulated in various chronotopes through the construction and movement of three types of ethical space (the space of propriety, the space of misconduct and the liminal space between good and evil), which enhances the aesthetic effect of conveying moral and political messages. The three main characters in the movie – the FATHER, the SON and the GRANDSON – each open up one of the three ethical spaces, and the spatial constructions interact or conflict with each other in the larger polarized spaces of country and city. Eventually, the temporospatial transmission of Confucian ethical values is achieved when the space of propriety is expanded from the individual to the whole society, the space of misconduct is closed up and the liminal space is transformed into the space of propriety. This ideal moral state has the political implication of promoting fascist militarization in the social context of the time. This analysis of ethical space and chronotopes sheds new light on the artistic technique employed in this silent film.
Design and development of a secure certificateless proxy signature based (SE-CLPS) encryption scheme for cloud storage
Authors: K. Sudharani Ms. , N. K. Sakthivel Dr.
Published: October 2021

Certificateless Public Key Cryptography (CL-PKC) scheme is a new standard that combines Identity (ID)-based cryptography and tradi- tional PKC. It yields better security than the ID-based cryptography scheme without requiring digital certificates. In the CL-PKC scheme, as the Key Generation Center (KGC) generates a public key using a partial secret key, the need for authenticating the public key by a trusted third party is avoided. Due to the lack of authentication, the public key associated with the private key of a user may be replaced by anyone. Therefore, the ciphertext cannot be decrypted accurately. To mitigate this issue, an Enhanced Certificateless Proxy Signature (E-CLPS) is proposed to offer high security guarantee and requires minimum computational cost. In this work, the Hackman tool is used for detecting the dictionary attacks in the cloud. From the experimental analysis, it is observed that the proposed E-CLPS scheme yields better Attack Detection Rate, True Positive Rate, True Negative Rate and Minimum False Positives and False Negatives than the existing schemes.
BnVec: Towards the Development of Word Embedding for Bangla Language Processing
Authors: Kowsher Md. , Uddin Md. Jashim , Tahabilder Anik , Prottasha Nusrat Jahan , Ahmed Mahid , Alam K. M. Rashedul , Sultana Tamanna
Published: October 2021

Progression in machine learning and statistical inference are facilitating the advancement of domains like computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), automation & robotics, and so on. Among the different persuasive improvements in NLP, word embedding is one of the most used and revolutionary techniques. In this paper, we manifest an open-source library for Bangla word extraction systems named BnVec which expects to furnish the Bangla NLP research community by the utilization of some incredible word embedding techniques. The BnVec is splitted up into two parts, the first one is the Bangla suitable defined class to embed words with access to the six most popular word embedding schemes (CountVectorizer, TF-IDF, Hash Vectorizer, Word2vec, fastText, and Glove). The other one is based on the pre-trained distributed word embedding system of Word2vec, fastText, and GloVe. The pre-trained models have been built by collecting content from the newspaper, social media, and Bangla wiki articles. The total number of tokens used to build the models exceeds 395,289,960. The paper additionally depicts the performance of these models by various hyper-parameter tuning and then analyzes the results.
Pharmacological effect of synobiotic and phytobiotic in kidney function and some blood parameters of chicken
Authors: Kamel O. I. Marwa , A. A. El-Komy Ashraf , A. A. Farag Enas
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of â€Žsynbiotic, phytobiotics and their mixture on kidney functions, some blood parameters and histological criteria of broilers. A total of 200 â€Žbroiler chicks were randomly chosen and divided into eight groups (25 birds in each). The first four groups were unvaccinated chicken which received a basal diet (group 1) or â€Žthe same diet supplemented with 1g synobiotic /kg body weight (group 2), 1g phytobiotic /kg body weight (group 3) and 1g â€Žsynobiotic plus 1g phytobiotic/kg body weight (group 4). The second four groups were vaccinated chicken and fed the same previous treatments with groups 5, 6, 7 and 8, respectively. Therapeutic dose of synobiotic and phytobiotic or their mixture (1ml/ kg. body weight) orally for 3 â€Žsuccessive days â€Žtended to decrease uric acid and creatinine in unvaccinated and vaccinated chicken at 7, 14 and 21 day. In this study uric acid and â€Žcreatinine levels resulted in decrease, showing a significant improvement of kidney functionsâ€Ž â€Ž. Some different parameters of blood and histological criteria showed normal measurements with no adverse effect of treatments.Â Â Â
Subiektywne poczucie satysfakcji życiowej osób starszych
Authors: Gregorczuk-Prosicka Joanna
Published: October 2021

Life satisfaction is a complex and highly subjective concept. Scholars studying this issue have made numerous attempts to define it. Whether we are happy, or have a sense of fulfilment, or we delight in the years we have lived through and in everyday life, it is all related to the aforementioned life satisfaction. The article deals with the subjective sense of life satisfaction among elderly people who are members of the Senior Club in a rural-urban district. The article is based on material obtained from in-depth interviewing. The research objective was to explore and obtain thorough knowledge of the sense of life satisfaction of elderly people. Particular attention is paid to selected factors that determined the perception of life satisfaction. On the basis of the participants’ opinions, certain groups of factors were selected that were more often indicated as key factors in the assessment of life satisfaction, i.e. health, housing situation, place of residence, family relations, neighbourly relations and a sense of social utility. The article presents the complexity of the problem and the need for an individual approach to the topic, due to the changing face of ageing and old age.
Social orphanhood – towards learning and understanding to bring help
Authors: Kiszka Monika
Published: October 2021

The goal of the article is to describes the impact of parental behaviour on children’s lives. The main body discusses the neglect of parental duties and the misguided attitude towards raising children exhibited by some parents. Additionally, the article describes the phenomenon of orphanhood and its connection with the problems that some parents are unable to cope with. The second part focuses on the most harmful consequences of certain negative behaviours exhibited by some parents. The final part of the article is a list of personality disorders and the other problems that children suffering from social orphanhood may experience.
Przywiązanie, parentyfikacja i trauma relacyjna a status tożsamości w okresie wyłaniającej się dorosłości
Authors: Róg-Mazurek Jakub
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, it is young adults, not adolescents, who face the challenge of determining their own identity. This process, compared to previous generations, takes place in qualitatively different conditions. Moreover, the current attributes of an adult have become obsolete. For this reason, making the vision of oneself reality may be associated with various difficulties. The root of the failure to clarify identity is to be found in the original bond with the guardian and in all experiences that disrupt attachment. Among these types of experiences, relational trauma and parentification are worth mentioning. Relational trauma can be said to be when a child experiences repeated neglect in the context of a close relationship. A similar phenomenon is parentification.The aim of the research is to check 1) whether there are significant differences between the identified identity statuses and 2) whether the variables (attachment style, experience of parentification and relational trauma) differentiate the identity status in the period of emergingadulthood. Three identity statuses are distinguished: Identity of anxiety type (N = 23), identity of diffuse type (N = 30) and identity of type achieved (N = 43). Each type differs in terms of both the experiences and the severity of the identity dimensions.