bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal and Electronic Structures of [5]Radialene Substituted with Quintuple 1,3‐Dithiol‐2‐ylidenes and Its Oxidative Species
Authors: Ueda Masafumi , Shirahata Takashi , Misaki Yohji
Published: April 2017

X‐ray structure analysis of the [5]radialene with quintuple 1,3‐benzodithiol‐2‐ylidenes (4) and its tetracation salt, 4 a⋅CS2 and (4 a)4+(ReO4–)4(CH3CN), was successfully carried out. The neutral [5]radialene molecule in 4⋅CS2 adopted a non‐planar structure with an envelope conformation of the central five‐membered ring. In contrast, the central five‐membered ring of 4 a4+ in (4 a)4+(ReO4−)4(CH3CN) adopted a planar structure with significant contribution of an aromatic cyclopentadienide structure. An anion‐π interaction was observed between the ReO4– anion and the central five‐membered ring in (4 a)4+(ReO4–)4(CH3CN). The electronic structures of 4 a and its oxidative species (4 a2+ and 4 a4+) were estimated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The optimized structure of 42+ suggested the delocalization of a positive charges over two 1,3‐benzodithiol‐2‐ylidene units through the central five‐membered ring.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N‐Sulfonylphenyl glyoxamide‐Based Antimicrobial Peptide Mimics as Novel Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Yu Tsz Tin , Nizalapur Shashidhar , Ho Kitty K. K. , Yee Eugene , Berry Thomas , Cranfield Charles G. , Willcox Mark , Black David StC , Kumar Naresh
Published: April 2017

Antibiotic resistance is a major global health concern. There is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobials. Recently, phenylglyoxamide‐based small molecular antimicrobial peptide mimics have been identified as potential new leads to treat bacterial infections. Here, we describe the synthesis of novel phenylglyoxamide derivatives via the ring‐opening reaction of N‐sulfonylisatins with primary amines, followed by conversion into hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium iodide or gunidinium salts. The antibacterial activity of the compounds against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by in vitro assays. Structure‐activity relationship studies revealed that 5‐bromo‐substituent at the phenyl ring, octyl group appended to the ortho sulfonamide group or guanidine hydrochloride salt as the terminal group significantly contributed to potency. The most potent compound, the gunidinium salt 35 d, exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 12 μM and a therapeutic index of 15. It also demonstrated its potential to act as antimicrobial pore‐forming agent. Overall, the results identified 35 d as a new lead antimicrobial compound.
Intriguing Catalytic Activity of Surface Active Gold‐Platinum Islands on Nano‐Porous Au in Determining Efficient Direct Formic Acid Oxidation Pathway
Authors: Ganesh P. Anandha , Jeyakumar D.
Published: April 2017

Gold‐platinum nano‐porous structures (Au100‐xPtx NPoS) with unique surface enriched Au−Pt islands are synthesised through a galvanic replacement strategy from Au100‐xAg2x nano‐alloys with ultra‐low platinum loading (x=1.25, 2.5 and 5). Formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) on Au100‐xPtx/C NPoS shows a distinct peak at around 0.5 V related to CO2 formation. A characteristic peak at around 1.5 V increases with increasing FA concentration owing to the direct FAOR by nano‐porous Au centers. FAOR peaks and If/Ib peak current ratios indicates that, Au100‐xPtx/C NPoS facilitates direct FAOR pathway unlike HiSPEC Pt/C (dehydration pathway). Based on the enhanced chrono‐amperometric response, Tafel behaviour and mass activity values, Au97.5Pt2.5/C NPoS (5.5 A/mgPt) reflects as the optimal catalyst for efficient FAOR. The intriguing catalytic role of surface enriched Au−Pt islands present on nano‐porous Au greatly helps in determining the superior FAOR activity in Au97.5Pt2.5/C NPoS towards direct dehydrogenation pathway at ultra‐low Pt content compared to other NPoS and HiSPEC Pt/C catalysts.
Trajectories of well‐being during an exercise randomized controlled trial: The role of exposure and exercise experiences
Authors: de Vries Juriena D. , van Hooff Madelon L.M. , Geurts Sabine A.E. , Kompier Michiel A.J.
Published: April 2017

We examined how process factors were related to the development of various indicators of well‐being during the course of an exercise randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing fatigue among university students. We investigated (a) whether actual exposure to the exercise sessions was related to differences in students' trajectories of well‐being, (b) the minimally required exposure to exercise needed before well‐being started to differ between the intervention and control condition, and (c) whether exercise experiences (enjoyment and detachment) were related to differences in well‐being trajectories. University students with high levels of fatigue were randomly allocated to a 6‐week exercise intervention (n = 50) or wait list (n = 49). All participants were measured before, 5 times during, and at the end of the intervention period. Multilevel analyses showed that exercisers with high exposure showed an increase in self‐efficacy whereas those with low exposure did not. Effects of exercise on well‐being became visible after 2 to 4 weeks during the intervention period and (partly) depended on the extent of psychological detachment. We recommend that both outcomes and process factors throughout the intervention period should be measured in order to better understand “when” and “under what conditions” an exercise intervention works.
Layered Rare‐Earth Hydroxide/Polyacrylamide Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Highly Tunable Photoluminescence
Authors: Wu Lianying , Chen Guangming , Li Zhibo
Published: April 2017

Polymer nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels, with 3D networks composed of delaminated inorganic nanoparticles and a polymer matrix, usually display super mechanical toughness. However, the few types of inorganic materials and relatively scarce research for NC hydrogel functions seriously limit their applications. For the first time layered rare‐earth hydroxide (LRH)/polyacrylamide NC hydrogels with highly tunable photoluminescence (PL) function are reported, prepared via a convenient and green in situ polymerization process. Interestingly, the NC hydrogels reveal exciting multicolored PL phenomenon (green, yellow, orange, reddish‐orange to bluish violet), long luminescence lifetime, and relatively high quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the fascinating PL function is highly tunable by adjusting LRH constituent or its concentration, and excitation wavelength. The results highlight the fabrication and applications of functional polymer NC hydrogels with highly tunable PL function.
PdPt Alloy Nanocatalysts Supported on TiO2: Maneuvering Metal–Hydrogen Interactions for Light‐Driven and Water‐Donating Selective Alkyne Semihydrogenation
Authors: Li Mengqiao , Zhang Ning , Long Ran , Ye Wei , Wang Chengming , Xiong Yujie
Published: April 2017

Low power consumption and minimal potential hazards are ultimate goals for the modern development of chemical manufacturing; however, it often reduces the selectivity of chemical reactions by implementing a new reaction system. A nanocatalyst design is reported for achieving efficient and selective alkyne semihydrogenation through the photocatalytic hydrogen transfer from water, which avoids the use of a heat source and explosive H2. The PdPt catalytic sites that are implemented on the TiO2 photocatalyst hold the key to achieving both high activity and selectivity. As compared with pure Pd or Pt, the alloy cocatalysts can better harness H diffusion/desorption for selective semihydrogenation as well as suppress competitive H2 evolution. This work opens up new possibilities for green and selective alkyne semihydrogenation and highlights the importance of lattice engineering to catalytic selectivity.
Gender and Conflict since 1914
Authors: Carden-Coyne Ana
Published: April 2017

The First World War was a turning point for modern globalised warfare. It involved the inclusion of women in 'war efforts', the homefront becoming the warzone, and produced millions of wounded and disabled men. At the same time, it incited an extraordinary arsenal of gendered discourses, practices and beliefs in the service of militarism, power structures and personal agency.

This insightful collection of interdisciplinary essays, by a wide-ranging team of experts, draws out critical themes emanating from 1914. Spanning the First and Second World Wars, through to the Vietnam War, the 'War on Terror' and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the volume asks what has changed and what has continued? Ana Carden-Coyne demonstrates adeptly how understanding gender during periods of conflict has ongoing relevance across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Feminist and Queer Performance
Authors: Case Sue-Ellen
Published: April 2017

Sue-Ellen Case is arguably the most influential and significant scholar in feminist and queer theatre studies. This collection brings together her most important writing. Framing this with new introductory material, Sue-Ellen Case contextualises her work within broader developments in critical theory and feminist / lesbian studies.
Morphological study of the antennal sensilla in Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: Nowińska A. , Brożek J.
Published: April 2017

The external morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of 21 species from five families of semiaquatic bugs (Gerromorpha) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Nine main types were distinguished based on their morphological structure: sensilla trichoidea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla leaflike, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla ampullacea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla placoidea and sensilla bell-mouthed. The specific morphological structure of one type of sensilla (bell-mouthed sensilla) was observed only in Aquarius paludum. Several subtypes of sensilla are described, differentiated by number, location and type of sensillum characteristic for each examined taxon. The present study provides new data about the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla in Gerromorpha.
Ethanol‐Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Bioactive Lipid Components of Camelina sativa Seed
Authors: Belayneh Henok D. , Wehling Randy L. , Reddy Anji K. , Cahoon Edgar B. , Ciftci Ozan N.
Published: April 2017

Camelina sativa seed is an underutilized oil source that attracts a growing interest, but it requires more research on its composition and processing. Its high omega‐3 content and growing demand for clean food processing technologies make conventional oil extraction less attractive. In this study, the effect of extraction methods on the bioactive lipid composition of the camelina seed lipid was investigated, and its bioactive lipid composition was modified at the extraction stage using ethanol‐modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2). Ethanol‐modified SC‐CO2 extractions were carried out at varying temperatures (50 and 70 °C), pressures (35 and 45 MPa), and ethanol concentrations (0–10%, w/w), and were compared to SC‐CO2, cold press, and hexane extraction. The highest total lipid yield (37.6%) was at 45 MPa/70 °C/10% (w/w) ethanol. Phospholipids and phenolic content increased significantly with ethanol‐modified SC‐CO2 (p < 0.05). SC‐CO2 with 10% (w/w) ethanol concentration selectively increased phosphatidylcholine (PC) content. Apparent solubility of camelina seed lipids in SC‐CO2, determined using the Chrastil model, ranged from 0.0065 kg oil/kg CO2 (35 MPa/50 °C) to 0.0133 kg oil/kg CO2 (45 MPa/70 °C). Ethanol‐modified SC‐CO2 extraction allowed modification of the lipid composition that was not possible with the conventional extraction methods. This is a promising green method for extraction and fractionation of camelina seed lipids to separate and enrich its bioactives.
Three-Dimensional Photography for Quantitative Assessment of Penile Volume-Loss Deformities in Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Margolin Ezra J. , Mlynarczyk Carrie M. , Mulhall John P. , Stember Doron S. , Stahl Peter J.
Published: April 2017

Background

Non-curvature penile deformities are prevalent and bothersome manifestations of Peyronie's disease (PD), but the quantitative metrics that are currently used to describe these deformities are inadequate and non-standardized, presenting a barrier to clinical research and patient care.

Aim

To introduce erect penile volume (EPV) and percentage of erect penile volume loss (percent EPVL) as novel metrics that provide detailed quantitative information about non-curvature penile deformities and to study the feasibility and reliability of three-dimensional (3D) photography for measurement of quantitative penile parameters.

Methods

We constructed seven penis models simulating deformities found in PD. The 3D photographs of each model were captured in triplicate by four observers using a 3D camera. Computer software was used to generate automated measurements of EPV, percent EPVL, penile length, minimum circumference, maximum circumference, and angle of curvature. The automated measurements were statistically compared with measurements obtained using water-displacement experiments, a tape measure, and a goniometer.

Outcomes

Accuracy of 3D photography for average measurements of all parameters compared with manual measurements; inter-test, intra-observer, and inter-observer reliabilities of EPV and percent EPVL measurements as assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results

The 3D images were captured in a median of 52 seconds (interquartile range = 45–61). On average, 3D photography was accurate to within 0.3% for measurement of penile length. It overestimated maximum and minimum circumferences by averages of 4.2% and 1.6%, respectively; overestimated EPV by an average of 7.1%; and underestimated percent EPVL by an average of 1.9%. All inter-test, inter-observer, and intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficients for EPV and percent EPVL measurements were greater than 0.75, reflective of excellent methodologic reliability.

Clinical Translation

By providing highly descriptive and reliable measurements of penile parameters, 3D photography can empower researchers to better study volume-loss deformities in PD and enable clinicians to offer improved clinical assessment, communication, and documentation.

Strengths and Limitations

This is the first study to apply 3D photography to the assessment of PD and to accurately measure the novel parameters of EPV and percent EPVL. This proof-of-concept study is limited by the lack of data in human subjects, which could present additional challenges in obtaining reliable measurements.

Conclusion

EPV and percent EPVL are novel metrics that can be quickly, accurately, and reliably measured using computational analysis of 3D photographs and can be useful in describing non-curvature volume-loss deformities resulting from PD.
Low parental awareness about energy (calorie) recommendations for children’s restaurant meals: findings from a national survey in the USA
Authors: Lynskey Vanessa M , Anzman-Frasca Stephanie , Harelick Linda , Korn Ariella , Sharma Shanti , Simms Stephanie , Economos Christina D
Published: April 2017

Objective

To assess parental awareness of per-meal energy (calorie) recommendations for children’s restaurant meals and to explore whether calorie awareness was associated with parental sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of eating restaurant food.

Design

Cross-sectional online survey administered in July 2014. Parents estimated calories (i.e. kilocalories; 1 kcal=4·184 kJ) recommended for a child’s lunch/dinner restaurant meal (range: 0–2000 kcal). Responses were categorized as ‘underestimate’ (<400 kcal), ‘accurate’ (400–600 kcal) and ‘overestimate’ (>600 kcal). Confidence in response was measured on a 4-point scale from ‘very unsure’ to ‘very sure’. Logistic regressions estimated the odds of an ‘accurate’ response and confident response (‘somewhat’ or ‘very sure’) by parental sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of eating from restaurants. Sampling weights based on demographics were incorporated in all analyses.

Setting

USA.

Subjects

Parents (n 1207) of 5–12-year-old children.

Results

On average, parents estimated 631 (se 19·4) kcal as the appropriate amount for a 5–12-year-old child’s meal. Thirty-five per cent answered in the accurate range, while 33·3 and 31·8 % underestimated and overestimated, respectively. Frequent dining at restaurants, lower income and urban geography were associated with lower odds of answering accurately. Parents’ confidence in their estimates was low across the sample (26·0 % confident) and only 10·1 % were both accurate and confident.

Conclusions

Parent education about calorie recommendations for children could improve understanding and use of menu labelling information in restaurants. Targeted strategies are recommended to ensure that such efforts address, rather than exacerbate, health disparities.
The Effect of Senders’ Perceived Ability to Control Emotion on	Raters’ Deception Judgments
Authors: Wu Song , Cai Wei , Zou Hong , Jin Shenghua
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The present studies aimed to examine whether the raters’ impressions of the senders’ ability to control emotion could influence the raters’ judgments of deceit and to explore the underlying mechanism. It was proposed that perceived emotional control ability would influence individuals’ deception judgments either by itself or by interacting with actual lie-related behaviors. Two experiments were conducted to examine our hypotheses. The results revealed that if participants were informed that the sender had a higher emotional control ability, they would judge the sender as less truthful in an actual deception judgment task (Study 1). It was also found that perceived emotional control ability did interact with actual lie-related behaviors: participants judged behaviors violating expectations or social norms as more deceptive (Study 2).
Differential Risk Profiles for Reactive and Proactive	Aggression
Authors: Jung Janis , Krahé Barbara , Busching Robert
Published: April 2017

Abstract. This two-wave longitudinal study identified configurations of social rejection, affiliation with aggressive peers, and academic failure and examined their predictivity for reactive and proactive aggression in a sample of 1,479 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 19 years. Latent profile analysis yielded three configurations of risk factors, made up of a non-risk group, a risk group scoring high on measures of social rejection (SR), and a risk group scoring high on measures of affiliation with aggressive peers and academic failure (APAF). Latent path analysis revealed that, as predicted, only membership in the SR group at T1 predicted reactive aggression at T2 17 months later. By contrast, only membership in the APAF group at T1 predicted proactive aggression at T2.
Linking Employees’ Extra-Role Efforts to Customer	Satisfaction
Authors: Martínez-Tur Vicente , Estreder Yolanda , Moliner Carolina , García-Buades Esther , Ramos José , Mª Peiró José
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Our main goal was to test the moderating role of customer complaints (“presence” vs. “absence”) in the links from extra-role customer service (ERCS) to customer satisfaction. To this end, we conducted two independent survey studies in two service settings: hotels and service-centers for individuals with intellectual disability. A total of 571 hotel customers and 876 legal guardians of individuals with intellectual disability participated in the studies. We found that the magnitude of the relationship between ERCS and customer satisfaction was higher for presence of complaints than for absence in both service settings. Results are discussed in terms of compensation-seeking, reciprocity, generous behavior, and characteristics of service encounters between employees and customers.
Elevated levels of Bcl-3 inhibits Treg development and function resulting in spontaneous colitis
Authors: Reißig Sonja , Tang Yilang , Nikolaev Alexei , Gerlach Katharina , Wolf Christine , Davari Kathrin , Gallus Christian , Masri Joumana , Mufazalov Ilgiz A. , Neurath Markus F. , Wunderlich F. Thomas , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Galle Peter R. , Weigmann Benno , Waisman Ari , Glasmacher Elke , Hövelmeyer Nadine
Published: April 2017

Bcl-3 is an atypical NF-κB family member that regulates NF-κB-dependent gene expression in effector T cells, but a cell-intrinsic function in regulatory T (Treg) cells and colitis is not clear. Here we show that Bcl-3 expression levels in colonic T cells correlate with disease manifestation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Mice with T-cell-specific overexpression of Bcl-3 develop severe colitis that can be attributed to defective Treg cell development and function, leading to the infiltration of immune cells such as pro-inflammatory γδT cells, but not αβ T cells. In Treg cells, Bcl-3 associates directly with NF-κB p50 to inhibit DNA binding of p50/p50 and p50/p65 NF-κB dimers, thereby regulating NF-κB-mediated gene expression. This study thus reveals intrinsic functions of Bcl-3 in Treg cells, identifies Bcl-3 as a potential prognostic marker for colitis and illustrates the mechanism by which Bcl-3 regulates NF-κB activity in Tregs to prevent colitis.
An intermolecular FRET sensor detects the dynamics of T cell receptor clustering
Authors: Ma Yuanqing , Pandzic Elvis , Nicovich Philip R. , Yamamoto Yui , Kwiatek Joanna , Pageon Sophie V. , Benda Aleš , Rossy Jérémie , Gaus Katharina
Published: April 2017

Clustering of the T-cell receptor (TCR) is thought to initiate downstream signalling. However, the detection of protein clustering with high spatial and temporal resolution remains challenging. Here we establish a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor, named CliF, which reports intermolecular associations of neighbouring proteins in live cells. A key advantage of the single-chain FRET sensor is that it can be combined with image correlation spectroscopy (ICS), single-particle tracking (SPT) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We test the sensor with a light-sensitive actuator that induces protein aggregation upon radiation with blue light. When applied to T cells, the sensor reveals that TCR triggering increases the number of dense TCR–CD3 clusters. Further, we find a correlation between cluster movement within the immunological synapse and cluster density. In conclusion, we develop a sensor that allows us to map the dynamics of protein clustering in live T cells.
Antibiotic-producing symbionts dynamically transition between plant pathogenicity and insect-defensive mutualism
Authors: Flórez Laura V. , Scherlach Kirstin , Gaube Paul , Ross Claudia , Sitte Elisabeth , Hermes Cornelia , Rodrigues Andre , Hertweck Christian , Kaltenpoth Martin
Published: April 2017

Pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria associated with eukaryotic hosts often lack distinctive genomic features, suggesting regular transitions between these lifestyles. Here we present evidence supporting a dynamic transition from plant pathogenicity to insect-defensive mutualism in symbiotic Burkholderia gladioli bacteria. In a group of herbivorous beetles, these symbionts protect the vulnerable egg stage against detrimental microbes. The production of a blend of antibiotics by B. gladioli, including toxoflavin, caryoynencin and two new antimicrobial compounds, the macrolide lagriene and the isothiocyanate sinapigladioside, likely mediate this defensive role. In addition to vertical transmission, these insect symbionts can be exchanged via the host plant and retain the ability to initiate systemic plant infection at the expense of the plant’s fitness. Our findings provide a paradigm for the transition between pathogenic and mutualistic lifestyles and shed light on the evolution and chemical ecology of this defensive mutualism.
Structure aided design of a Neu5Gc specific lectin
Authors: Day Christopher J. , Paton Adrienne W. , Higgins Melanie A. , Shewell Lucy K. , Jen Freda E.-C. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Herdman Brock P. , Paton James C. , Jennings Michael P.
Published: April 2017

Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) of Escherichia coli is an AB5 class bacterial toxin. The pentameric B subunit (SubB) binds the cellular carbohydrate receptor, α2–3-linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Neu5Gc is not expressed on normal human cells, but is expressed by cancer cells. Elevated Neu5Gc has been observed in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon and lung cancer. The presence of Neu5Gc is prognostically important, and correlates with invasiveness, metastasis and tumour grade. Neu5Gc binding by SubB suggests that it may have utility as a diagnostic tool for the detection Neu5Gc tumor antigens. Native SubB has 20-fold less binding to N-acetlylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac); over 30-fold less if the Neu5Gc linkage was changed from α2–3 to α2–6. Using molecular modeling approaches, site directed mutations were made to reduce the α2–3 $${\boldsymbol{\gg }}$$
≫
 α2–6-linkage preference, while maintaining or enhancing the selectivity of SubB for Neu5Gc over Neu5Ac. Surface plasmon resonance and glycan array analysis showed that the SubBΔS106/ΔT107 mutant displayed improved specificity towards Neu5Gc and bound to α2–6-linked Neu5Gc. SubBΔS106/ΔT107 could discriminate NeuGc- over Neu5Ac-glycoconjugates in ELISA. These data suggest that improved SubB mutants offer a new tool for the testing of biological samples, particularly serum and other fluids from individuals with cancer or suspected of having cancer.
Organic molecular heterogeneities can withstand diagenesis
Authors: Alleon Julien , Bernard Sylvain , Le Guillou Corentin , Daval Damien , Skouri-Panet Feriel , Kuga Maïa , Robert François
Published: April 2017

Reconstructing the original biogeochemistry of organic fossils requires quantifying the extent of the chemical transformations that they underwent during burial-induced maturation processes. Here, we performed laboratory experiments on chemically different organic materials in order to simulate the thermal maturation processes that occur during diagenesis. Starting organic materials were microorganisms and organic aerosols. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) was used to collect X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) data of the organic residues. Results indicate that even after having been submitted to 250 °C and 250 bars for 100 days, the molecular signatures of microorganisms and aerosols remain different in terms of nitrogen-to-carbon atomic ratio and carbon and nitrogen speciation. These observations suggest that burial-induced thermal degradation processes may not completely obliterate the chemical and molecular signatures of organic molecules. In other words, the present study suggests that organic molecular heterogeneities can withstand diagenesis and be recognized in the fossil record.
Mixed-reproductive strategies, competitive mating-type distribution and life cycle of fourteen black morel species
Authors: Du Xi-Hui , Zhao Qi , Xia En-Hua , Gao Li-Zhi , Richard Franck , Yang Zhu L.
Published: April 2017

Morchella species are well known world-round as popular and prized edible fungi due to their unique culinary flavor. Recently, several species have been successfully cultivated in China. However, their reproductive modes are still unknown, and their basic biology needs to be elucidated. Here, we use the morel genome information to investigate mating systems and life cycles of fourteen black morel species. Mating type-specific primers were developed to screen and genotype ascospores, hymenia and stipes from 223 ascocarps of the 14 species from Asia and Europe. Our data indicated that they are all heterothallic and their life cycles are predominantly haploid, but sterile haploid fruiting also exists. Ascospores in all species are mostly haploid, homokaryotic, and multinuclear, whereas aborted ascospores without any nuclei were also detected. Interestingly, we monitored divergent spatial distribution of both mating types in natural morel populations and cultivated sites, where the fertile tissue of fruiting bodies usually harbored both mating types, whereas sterile tissue of wild morels constantly had one MAT allele, while the sterile tissue of cultivated strains always exhibited both MAT alleles. Furthermore, MAT1-1-1 was detected significantly more commonly than MAT1-2-1 in natural populations, which strongly suggested a competitive advantage for MAT1-1 strains.
Correction: Corrigendum: Characterization of a novel N-acetylneuraminic acid lyase favoring industrial N-acetylneuraminic acid synthesis process
Authors: Ji Wenyan , Sun Wujin , Feng Jinmei , Song Tianshun , Zhang Dalu , Ouyang Pingkai , Gu Zhen , Xie Jingjing
Published: April 2017

Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 09341; published online: 23 March 2015; updated: 28 April 2017 The original version of this article contained an error in testing the kinetic parameters of CgNal towards pyruvate, in which the concentration of ManNAc (50 mM) was not in excess. This error was corrected by re-running the assay in the presence of excessive ManNAc (180 mM).
Correction: Corrigendum: Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neutrophil Dysfunction Following Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt (TIPSS) Insertion is Associated with Organ Failure and Mortality
Authors: Macnaughtan Jane , Mookerjee Rajeshwar P. , van der Merwe Schalk , Jalan Rajiv
Published: April 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 40157; published online: 04 January 2017; updated: 28 April 2017 Schalk van der Merwe was omitted from the author list in the original version of this Article. This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, as well as the Supplementary Information that now accompanies this Article.
Observability of Boolean multiplex control networks
Authors: Wu Yuhu , Xu Jingxue , Sun Xi-Ming , Wang Wei
Published: April 2017

Boolean multiplex (multilevel) networks (BMNs) are currently receiving considerable attention as theoretical arguments for modeling of biological systems and system level analysis. Studying control-related problems in BMNs may not only provide new views into the intrinsic control in complex biological systems, but also enable us to develop a method for manipulating biological systems using exogenous inputs. In this article, the observability of the Boolean multiplex control networks (BMCNs) are studied. First, the dynamical model and structure of BMCNs with control inputs and outputs are constructed. By using of Semi-Tensor Product (STP) approach, the logical dynamics of BMCNs is converted into an equivalent algebraic representation. Then, the observability of the BMCNs with two different kinds of control inputs is investigated by giving necessary and sufficient conditions. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the obtained theoretical results.
WINCS Harmoni: Closed-loop dynamic neurochemical control of therapeutic interventions
Authors: Lee Kendall H. , Lujan J. Luis , Trevathan James K. , Ross Erika K. , Bartoletta John J. , Park Hyung Ook , Paek Seungleal Brian , Nicolai Evan N. , Lee Jannifer H. , Min Hoon-Ki , Kimble Christopher J. , Blaha Charles D. , Bennet Kevin E.
Published: April 2017

There has been significant progress in understanding the role of neurotransmitters in normal and pathologic brain function. However, preclinical trials aimed at improving therapeutic interventions do not take advantage of real-time in vivo neurochemical changes in dynamic brain processes such as disease progression and response to pharmacologic, cognitive, behavioral, and neuromodulation therapies. This is due in part to a lack of flexible research tools that allow in vivo measurement of the dynamic changes in brain chemistry. Here, we present a research platform, WINCS Harmoni, which can measure in vivo neurochemical activity simultaneously across multiple anatomical targets to study normal and pathologic brain function. In addition, WINCS Harmoni can provide real-time neurochemical feedback for closed-loop control of neurochemical levels via its synchronized stimulation and neurochemical sensing capabilities. We demonstrate these and other key features of this platform in non-human primate, swine, and rodent models of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Ultimately, systems like the one described here will improve our understanding of the dynamics of brain physiology in the context of neurologic disease and therapeutic interventions, which may lead to the development of precision medicine and personalized therapies for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
Correction: Corrigendum: Harnessing Nature’s Diversity: Discovering organophosphate bioscavenger characteristics among low molecular weight proteins
Authors: Jacob Reed B. , Michaels Kenan C. , Anderson Cathy J. , Fay James M. , Dokholyan Nikolay V.
Published: April 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 37175; published online: 15 November 2016; updated: 28 April 2017 The original version of this Article contained errors caused by a mistake in the analysis of the fluorescent polarization experimental data. This mistake did not affect the identification of bioscavengers of organophosphates.
Role of missing carotenoid in reducing the fluorescence of single monomeric photosystem II core complexes
Authors: Skandary Sepideh , Müh Frank , Ashraf Imran , Ibrahim Mohamed , Metzger Michael , Zouni Athina , Meixner Alfred J. , Brecht Marc
Published: April 2017

The fluorescence of monomeric photosystem II core complexes of the cyanobacterium T. elongatus, originating from redissolved crystals, is investigated by using single-molecule spectroscopy.
Cadmium transfer from contaminated soils to the human body through rice consumption in southern Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Li Tianyuan , Chang Qing , Yuan Xuyin , Li Jizhou , Ayoko Godwin A. , Frost Ray L. , Chen Hongyan , Zhang Xinjian , Song Yinxian , Song Wenzhi
Published: April 2017

Bioaccessible cadmium concentration in rice grains can be predicted by phytoavailable Cd concentration in soil.
Electro-responsive polyelectrolyte-coated surfaces
Authors: Sénéchal V. , Saadaoui H. , Rodriguez-Hernandez J. , Drummond C.
Published: April 2017

The anchoring of polymer chains at solid surfaces is an efficient way to modify interfacial properties like the stability and rheology of colloidal dispersions, lubrication and biocompatibility. Polyelectrolytes are good candidates for the building of smart materials, as the polyion chain conformation can often be tuned by manipulation of different physico-chemical variables. However, achieving efficient and reversible control of this process represents an important technological challenge. In this regard, the application of an external electrical stimulus on polyelectrolytes seems to be a convenient control strategy, for several reasons. First, it is relatively easy to apply an electric field to the material with adequate spatiotemporal control. In addition, in contrast to chemically induced changes, the molecular response to a changing electric field occurs relatively quickly. If the system is properly designed, this response can then be used to control the magnitude of surface properties. In this work we discuss the effect of an external electric field on the adhesion and lubrication properties of several polyelectrolyte-coated surfaces. The influence of the applied field is investigated at different pH and salt conditions, as the polyelectrolyte conformation is sensitive to these variables. We show that it is possible to fine tune friction and adhesion using relatively low applied fields.
Molecular tectonics: gas adsorption and chiral uptake of (l)- and (d)-tryptophan by homochiral porous coordination polymers
Authors: Asnaghi Donata , Corso Romain , Larpent Patrick , Bassanetti Irene , Jouaiti Abdelaziz , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Comotti Angiolina , Sozzani Piero , Hosseini Mir Wais
Published: April 2017

The combination of an enantiomerically pure tecton with a Cu(ii) cation yields robust porous homochiral crystals displaying preferential adsorption ofl-tryptophan.
18F-Fluoroform: a 18F-trifluoromethylating agent for the synthesis of SCF218F-aromatic derivatives
Authors: Carbonnel Elodie , Besset Tatiana , Poisson Thomas , Labar Daniel , Pannecoucke Xavier , Jubault Philippe
Published: April 2017

A new protocol for the synthesis of SCF218F-aromatic derivatives from 18F-fluoroform is described.
Observation of short range ferromagnetic interactions and magnetocaloric effect in cobalt substituted Gd5Si2Ge2
Authors: Uthaman Bhagya , Manju P. , Thomas Senoy , Jaiswal Nagar Deepshikha , Suresh K. G. , Varma Manoj Raama
Published: April 2017

Gd5Si2−xCoxGe2 compounds exhibit a strong correlation between their structure and magnetic properties showing Griffith's like phases and magnetocaloric effect.
The rotational dynamics of H2 adsorbed in covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Pham Tony , Forrest Katherine A. , Mostrom Matthew , Hunt Joseph R. , Furukawa Hiroyasu , Eckert Juergen , Space Brian
Published: April 2017

INS and theoretical studies of H2 adsorption in COF-1 and COF-102 revealed insights into the rotational dynamics of H2 bound in COFs for the first time.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and the morphology of graphene/polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Güryel S. , Walker M. , Geerlings P. , De Proft F. , Wilson M. R.
Published: April 2017

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to scrutinize the structure and morphology of three polymer/graphene nanocomposites.
Path integral-GC-AdResS simulation of a large hydrophobic solute in water: a tool to investigate the interplay between local microscopic structures and quantum delocalization of atoms in space
Authors: Agarwal Animesh , Clementi Cecilia , Delle Site Luigi
Published: April 2017

We perform large scale quantum (path integral) molecular dynamics simulations of a C60 -like molecule in water.
The effect of anions on the electrochemical properties of polyaniline for supercapacitors
Authors: Xing Ji , Liao Maoying , Zhang Chi , Yin Min , Li Dongdong , Song Ye
Published: April 2017

This work provides unique insights into the effect of anions on the electrochemical properties of polyaniline for supercapacitors, and a new mechanism for the cycling instability of polyaniline is presented.
Avoiding the invasion of H2O into Y2Mo3O12 by coating with C3N4 to improve negative thermal expansion properties
Authors: Liu Xiansheng , Yuan Baohe , Cheng Yongguang , Ge Xianghong , Liang Erjun , Zhang Weifeng
Published: April 2017

The hygroscopicity of Y2Mo3O12 has serious influences on its mechanic and negative thermal expansion (NTE) properties, as is avoided by coating with C3N4.
Chiral metallosupramolecular architectures
Authors: Chen Li-Jun , Yang Hai-Bo , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: April 2017

A comprehensive summary of construction and potential applications of discrete, chiral metallosupramolecular architectures is presented herein.
A structurally guided dissection-then-evolution strategy for ligand optimization of smoothened receptor
Authors: Ye Lintao , Ding Kang , Zhao Fei , Liu Xiaoyan , Wu Yiran , Liu Yang , Xue Dongxiang , Zhou Fang , Zhang Xianjun , Stevens Raymond C. , Xu Fei , Zhao Suwen , Tao Houchao
Published: April 2017

We present herein a novel dissection-then-evolution strategy for ligand optimization.
Benzylsulfanyl benzo-heterocycle amides and hydrazones as new agents against drug-susceptible and resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Lu Xiaoyun , Hu Xianglong , Liu Zhiyong , Zhang Tianyu , Wang Ruibing , Wan Baojie , Franzblau Scott G. , You Qidong
Published: April 2017

A series of benzylsulfanyl benzo-heterocycle amides and hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for anti-tubercular activities.
Synthesis of thioether andrographolide derivatives and their inhibitory effect against cancer cells
Authors: Liu Yi , Liang Ren-Ming , Ma Qing-Ping , Xu Kai , Liang Xin-Yong , Huang Wei , Sutton Robert , Ding Jie , O'Neil Paul M. , Cheng Chun-Ru
Published: April 2017

Novel thioether andrographolide derivatives were designed and synthesized and some of them exhibited excellent anticancer activity.
A new formation strategy of hybrid perovskites via room temperature reactive polyiodide melts
Authors: Petrov Andrey A. , Belich Nikolai A. , Grishko Aleksei Y. , Stepanov Nikita M. , Dorofeev Sergey G. , Maksimov Eugene G. , Shevelkov Andrei V. , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Graetzel Michael , Tarasov Alexey B. , Goodilin Eugene A.
Published: April 2017

The new precursors MAI3+x and FAI3+x exhibit exceptionally high reactivity towards lead precursors and result in high quality lead-halide perovskite films.
Structural isomerism of Ru(ii)-carbonyl complexes: synthesis, characterization and their antitrypanosomal activities
Authors: Barbosa M. I. F. , Correa R. S. , Bastos T. M. , Pozzi L. V. , Moreira D. R. M. , Ellena J. , Doriguetto A. C. , Silveira R. G. , Oliveira C. R. , Kuznetsov A. E. , Malta V. S. , Soares M. B. P. , Batista A. A.
Published: April 2017

New complexes with the formula [RuCl(CO)(dppb)(N–N)]PF6 were prepared by varying the CO position as well as the diimine ligand.
Highly selective and rapidly activatable fluorogenic Thrombin sensors and application in human lung tissue
Authors: Megia-Fernandez Alicia , Mills Bethany , Michels Chesney , Chankeshwara Sunay V. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Bradley Mark
Published: April 2017

A fast and selective fluorogenic probe for Thrombin is reported and applied inex vivofibrotic human lung tissue.
On balancing the QTM and the direct relaxation processes in single-ion magnets – the importance of symmetry control
Authors: Deng Yi-Fei , Han Tian , Yin Bing , Zheng Yan-Zhen
Published: April 2017

Two mononuclear trigonal-planar Co(ii) complexes with a similar coordination environment except for the symmetries were reported to exhibit distinct relaxation dynamics due to the effect of the QTM and direct process.
Synthesis and fluorescence properties of novel squarylium–boron complexes
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Tsukamoto Masahiro , Ohnishi Katsuhiro , Jin Jiye , Funabiki Kazumasa , Matsui Masaki
Published: April 2017

Novel squarylium–boron complexes showed a significantly enhanced fluorescence quantum yield compared to the corresponding uncomplexed squarylium dyes.
High-performance monoliths in heterogeneous catalysis with single-phase liquid flow
Authors: Haas Christian P. , Müllner Tibor , Kohns Richard , Enke Dirk , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: April 2017

On-line control and monitoring in heterogeneous catalysis utilizing high-performance supports allows rapid screening of intrinsic reaction parameters in continuous-flow mode.
Does a course on the history and philosophy of chemistry have any effect on prospective chemistry teachers’ perceptions? The case of chemistry and the chemist
Authors: Sendur G. , Polat M. , Kazancı C.
Published: April 2017

The creative comparisons prospective chemistry teachers make about “chemistry” and the “chemist” may reflect how they perceive these concepts. In this sense, it seems important to determine which creative comparisons prospective teachers make with respect to these and how these can change after the history of chemistry is treated in the classroom. This study seeks to investigate the impact of the basic History and Philosophy of Chemistry course on prospective chemistry teachers’ perceptions towards chemistry and the chemist. The study was conducted during the 2012–2013 academic year at a state university in Turkey with 38 prospective chemistry teachers. A creative comparisons questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection instruments in the study. This questionnaire was administered to the prospective teachers in the form of a pre-test, post-test, and retention test. Results of the analysis showed that the prospective teachers produced creative comparisons related to chemistry in the pre-test that mostly relied on their own experiences and observations, but that in the post-test and retention test, their comparisons mostly contained references to the role of chemistry in daily life, its development, and its facilitating aspects. Similarly, it was observed that in the pre-test, the prospective teachers made creative comparisons regarding the chemist that related mostly to the laboratory, but that the post-test and retention test rather contained the aspects of chemists as researchers, meticulous persons, facilitators and managers. Also, 18 prospective teachers were engaged in interviews to understand their prior knowledge about chemistry and the chemist, as well as the reasons for the changes in their creative comparisons. The results of the interviews indicated that a large majority of the prospective teachers were able to fully reflect on their inadequacy about their previous knowledge about “chemistry” and “chemist,” and it was seen that they could explain the reason they changed their creative comparisons as an outcome of the History and Philosophy of Chemistry course. In the light of these results, it can be said that the History and Philosophy of Chemistry course may help prospective chemistry teachers in their perceptions about both chemistry and the chemist and may add depth to their knowledge.
Facile synthesis of ultrafine Ru nanocrystal supported N-doped graphene as an exceptional hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in both alkaline and acidic media
Authors: Barman Barun Kumar , Das Debanjan , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: April 2017

Ultrafine (∼2 nm) mono-disperse Ru nanocrystals on N-doped graphene (Ru@NG) shows Pt-like catalytic activity towards HER in the both alkaline and acid media with zero onset potential and better current density as compared to Pt/C.
Correction: Recent progress in layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) and their composites: synthesis and applications
Authors: Hong Ng Vincent Ming , Huang Hui , Zhou Kun , Lee Pooi See , Que Wenxiu , Xu Zhichuan J. , Kong Ling Bing
Published: April 2017

Correction for ‘Recent progress in layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) and their composites: synthesis and applications’ by Vincent Ming Hong Ng et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 3039–3068.
Compressive sensing‐based coprime array direction‐of‐arrival estimation
Authors: Zhou Chengwei , Gu Yujie , Zhang Yimin D. , Shi Zhiguo , Jin Tao , Wu Xidong
Published: April 2017

A coprime array has a larger array aperture as well as increased degrees‐of‐freedom (DOFs), compared with a uniform linear array with the same number of physical sensors. Therefore, in a practical wireless communication system, it is capable to provide desirable performance with a low‐computational complexity. In this study, the authors focus on the problem of efficient direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation, where a coprime array is incorporated with the idea of compressive sensing. Specifically, the authors first generate a random compressive sensing kernel to compress the received signals of coprime array to lower‐dimensional measurements, which can be viewed as a sketch of the original received signals. The compressed measurements are subsequently utilised to perform high‐resolution DOA estimation, where the large array aperture of the coprime array is maintained. Moreover, the authors also utilise the derived equivalent virtual array signal of the compressed measurements for DOA estimation, where the superiority of coprime array in achieving a higher number of DOFs can be retained. Theoretical analyses and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods in terms of computational complexity, resolution, and the number of DOFs.