bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of GOT2 Is Epigenetically Regulated by DNA Methylation and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ferreira Wallax Augusto Silva , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Correa
Published: May 2022

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common and highly malignant pathological type of kidney cancer, characterized by a profound metabolism dysregulation. As part of aspartate biosynthesis, mitochondrial GOT2 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2) is essential for regulating cellular energy production and biosynthesis, linking multiple pathways. Nevertheless, the expression profile and prognostic significance of GOT2 in KIRC remain unclear. This study comprehensively analyzed the transcriptional levels, epigenetic regulation, correlation with immune infiltration, and prognosis of GOT2 in KIRC using rigorous bioinformatics analysis. We discovered that the expression levels of both mRNA and protein of GOT2 were remarkably decreased in KIRC tissues in comparison with normal tissues and were also significantly related to the clinical features and prognosis of KIRC. Remarkably, low GOT2 expression was positively associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Further analysis revealed that GOT2 downregulation is driven by DNA methylation in the promoter-related CpG islands. Finally, we also shed light on the influence of GOT2 expression in immune cell infiltration, suggesting that GOT2 may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for KIRC patients.
Hot-Corrosion and Particle Erosion Resistance of Co-Based Brazed Alloy Coatings
Authors: Uțu Ion-Dragoș , Hulka Iosif , Kazamer Norbert , Constantin Albert Titus , Mărginean Gabriela
Published: May 2022

Tape brazing constitutes a cost-effective alternative surface protection technology for complex-shaped surfaces. The study explores the characteristics of high-temperature brazed coatings using a cobalt-based powder deposited on a stainless-steel substrate in order to protect parts subjected to hot temperatures in a wear-exposed environment. Microstructural imaging corroborated with x-ray diffraction analysis showed a complex phased structure consisting of intermetallic Cr-Ni, C-Co-W Laves type, and chromium carbide phases. The surface properties of the coatings, targeting hot corrosion behavior, erosion, wear resistance, and microhardness, were evaluated. The high-temperature corrosion test was performed for 100 h at 750 °C in a salt mixture consisting of 25 wt.% NaCl + 75 wt.% Na2SO4. The degree of corrosion attack was closely connected with the exposure temperature, and the degradation of the material corresponding to the mechanisms of low-temperature hot corrosion. The erosion tests were carried out using alumina particles at a 90° impingement angle. The results, correlated with the microhardness measurements, have shown that Co-based coatings exhibited approximately 40% lower material loss compared to that of the steel substrate.
Macromolecular Serial Crystallography (Volume II)
Authors: Martin-Garcia Jose M.
Published: May 2022

The successful adaptation of the serial macromolecular crystallography approach at most 3rd generation synchrotron facilities allows a fruitful synergy between synchrotrons and XFELs that have accelerated the access and impact of this approach to an even larger community [...]
Outcomes of Hip Reconstruction for Metastatic Acetabular Lesions: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Nayar Sandeep Krishan , Kostakos Thomas A. , Savvidou Olga , Vlasis Konstantinos , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: May 2022

(1) Background: Management of metastatic periacetabular lesions remains a challenging area of orthopaedics. This study aims to evaluate and summarize the currently available reconstructive modalities, including their indications and outcomes. (2) Methods: A scoping review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles. (3) Results: A total of 18 papers met inclusion criteria encompassing 875 patients. The most common primary malignancy was breast (n = 230, 26.3%). Reconstruction modalities used were total hip arthroplasty (n = 432, 49.1%), the Harrington procedure (n = 374, 42.5%), modular hemipelvic endoprotheses (n = 63, 7.2%) and a reverse ice-cream cone prosthesis (n = 11, 1.25%). (4) Conclusions: Advances in implant design including use of dual mobility or flanged cups, tantalum implants, and modular hemipelvic endoprostheses allow for larger acetabular defects to be addressed with improved patient outcomes. This armamentarium of reconstruction options allows for tailoring of the procedure performed depending on patient factors and extent of periacetabular disease.
Correlation Analysis of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and Neutralizing Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants after Vaccination
Authors: Takheaw Nuchjira , Liwsrisakun Chalerm , Chaiwong Warawut , Laopajon Witida , Pata Supansa , Inchai Juthamas , Duangjit Pilaiporn , Pothirat Chaicharn , Bumroongkit Chaiwat , Deesomchok Athavudh , Theerakittikul Theerakorn , Limsukon Atikun , Tajarernmuang Pattraporn , Niyatiwatchanchai Nutchanok , Trongtrakul Konlawij , Kasinrerk Watchara
Published: May 2022

Various vaccines have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic, but the available vaccines were developed using ancestral SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strains. Commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody assays have been established and employed for validation of vaccine efficacy. However, these assays were developed before the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) emerged. It is unclear whether anti-RBD IgG levels can predict immunity against VOCs. In this study, we determined the correlations between the levels of anti-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated subjects. After vaccination, 100% of subjects showed an anti-RBD IgG response, whereas 82, 79, 30, 75, and 2% showed NAb responses against WT, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, respectively. A high correlation was observed between anti-RBD IgG and NAbs against WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta, but not so for the Omicron NAbs. Among subjects with high levels of anti-RBD IgG, 93, 93, 71, 93, and 0% of them had NAbs against WT, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, respectively. These results indicate that anti-RBD IgG levels cannot be used as a predictor for the presence of NAbs against the globally dominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Collaborative Unmanned Vehicles for Inspection, Maintenance, and Repairs of Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Nordin Mohd , Sharma Sanjay , Khan Asiya , Gianni Mario , Rajendran Sulakshan , Sutton Robert
Published: May 2022

Operations and maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) are challenging, with manual operators constantly exposed to hazardous environments. Due to the high task complexity associated with the OWT, the transition to unmanned solutions remains stagnant. Efforts toward unmanned operations have been observed using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) but are limited mostly to visual inspections only. Collaboration strategies between unmanned vehicles have introduced several opportunities that would enable unmanned operations for the OWT maintenance and repair activities. There have been many papers and reviews on collaborative UVs. However, most of the past papers reviewed collaborative UVs for surveillance purposes, search and rescue missions, and agricultural activities. This review aims to present the current capabilities of Unmanned Vehicles (UVs) used in OWT for Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair (IMR) operations. Strategies to implement collaborative UVs for complex tasks and their associated challenges are discussed together with the strategies to solve localization and navigation issues, prolong operation time, and establish effective communication within the OWT IMR operations. This paper also briefly discusses the potential failure modes for collaborative approaches and possible redundancy strategies to manage them. The collaborative strategies discussed herein will be of use to researchers and technology providers in identifying significant gaps that have hindered the implementation of full unmanned systems which have significant impacts towards the net zero strategy.
A New Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Markov Transition Field and CNN
Authors: Wang Mengjiao , Wang Wenjie , Zhang Xinan , Iu Herbert Ho-Ching
Published: May 2022

The rolling bearing is a crucial component of the rotating machine, and it is particularly vital to ensure its normal operation. In addition, the selection of different category features will add uncertainty and bias to the classification results. In order to decrease the interference of these factors to fault diagnosis, a new method that automatically learns the features of the data combined with Markov transition field (MTF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper, namely MTF-CNN. The MTF contributes to convert the original time series into corresponding figures, and the CNN is used to extract the deep feature information in the figure to complete the fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two public data sets. The experimental results show that MTF-CNN can classify different types of faults, and the highest accuracy rate can reach 100%. Likewise, the classification accuracy of this method is higher than some existing methods.
Energetic Cost of Statistical Order-Degree Change in a Fermions’ Set
Authors: Pennini Flavia , Plastino Angelo , Ferri Gustavo Luis , Plastino Angel Ricardo
Published: May 2022

We discuss novel many-fermions thermodynamics’ features. They refer to the energy cost associated to order-disorder changes. Our thermal quantum statistical scenario is controlled by suitable fermion-fermion interactions. We deal with two well-known quantum interactions that operate within an exactly solvable model. This model is able to adequately describe some aspects of fermion-dynamics, particularly level-crossings. We describe things via employment of Gibbs’ canonical ensemble strictures. We show that judicious manipulation of the energy cost associated to statistical order (disorder) variations generates useful information-quantifiers. The underlying idea is that changes in the degree of order are intimately linked to level-crossings energetic costs.
Pentapartite Entanglement Measures of GHZ and W-Class State in the Noninertial Frame
Authors: Manríquez Zepeda Juan Luis , Rueda Paz Juvenal , Avila Aoki Manuel , Dong Shi-Hai
Published: May 2022

We study both pentapartite GHZ and W-class states in the noninertial frame and explore their entanglement properties by carrying out the negativities including 1-4, 2-3, and 1-1 tangles, the whole entanglement measures such as algebraic and geometric averages π5 and Π5, and von Neumann entropy. We illustrate graphically the difference between the pentapartite GHZ and W-class states. We find that all 1-4, 2-3 tangles and the whole entanglements, which are observer dependent, degrade more quickly as the number of accelerated qubits increases. The entanglements of these quantities still exist even at the infinite acceleration limit. We also notice that all 1-1 tangles of pentapartite GHZ state Nαβ=NαIβ=NαIβI=0 where α,β∈(A,B,C,D,E), whereas all 1-1 tangles of the W-class state Nαβ,NαIβ and NαIβI are unequal to zero, e.g., Nαβ=0.12111 but NαIβ and NαIβI disappear at r>0.61548 and r>0.38671, respectively. We notice that the entanglement of the pentapartite GHZ and W-class quantum systems decays faster as the number of accelerated particles increases. Moreover, we also illustrate the difference of von Neumann entropy between them and find that the entropy in the pentapartite W-class state is greater than that of GHZ state. The von Neumann entropy in the pentapartite case is more unstable than those of tripartite and tetrapartite subsystems in the noninertial frame.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Impact of Landscape Changes on Vegetation and Land Surface Temperature over Tamil Nadu
Authors: Shamsudeen Mohamed , Padmanaban Rajchandar , Cabral Pedro , Morgado Paulo
Published: May 2022

Land-use changes adversely may impact ecological entities and humans by affecting the water cycle, environmental changes, and energy balance at global and regional scales. Like many megaregions in fast emerging countries, Tamil Nadu, one of the largest states and most urbanized (49%) and industrial hubs in India, has experienced extensive landuse and landcover change (LULC). However, the extent and level of landscape changes associated with vegetation health, surface permeability, and Land Surface Temperature (LST) has not yet been quantified. In this study, we employed Random Forest (RF) classification on Landsat imageries from 2000 and 2020. We also computed vegetation health, soil moisture, and LST metrics for two decades from Landsat imageries to delineate the impact of landscape changes in Tamil Nadu using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The level of vegetation health and drought for 2020 was more accurately assessed by combining the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). A Soil moisture index was subsequently used to identify surface permeability. A 75% expansion in urban areas of Tamil Nadu was detected mainly towards the suburban periphery of major cities between 2000 and 2020. We observed an overall increase in the coverage of urban areas (built-up), while a decrease for vegetated (cropland and forest) areas was observed in Tamil Nadu between 2000 and 2020. The Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values showed an extensive decline in surface permeability and the LST values showed an overall increase (from a maximum of 41 °C to 43 °C) of surface temperature in Tamil Nadu’s major cities with the highest upsurge for urban built-up areas between 2000 and 2020. Major cities built-up and non-vegetation areas in Tamil Nadu were depicted as potential drought hotspots. Our results deliver significant metrics for surface permeability, vegetation condition, surface temperature, and drought monitoring and urges the regional planning authorities to address the current status and social-ecological impact of landscape changes and to preserve ecosystem services.
Step-Down DC–DC Converters: An Overview and Outlook
Authors: Nayanasiri Dulika , Li Yunwei
Published: May 2022

Voltage step-down converters have gained attention, with the rapid development in industrial robotics, Internet of things, and embedded system applications. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis has been performed, to identify the topologies and architectures used in step-down converters. Moreover, their operation and performance have been compared. Such an analysis is helpful, in improving performance of the existing systems, besides designing novel converter topologies. Furthermore, the converter-topology-derivation methods have been studied, to identify their applicability for synthesising novel non-isolated DC–DC converters.
Recovery of Power Quality Terminal’s Harmonic Data with the Interference of Bad Data
Authors: Pan Yufei , Yuan Zehui , Zheng Jiaoyu , Ma Xiaoyang
Published: May 2022

Power quality monitoring equipment is inevitably faced with the problem of data loss and is vulnerable to the interference of noise or bad data. We propose a harmonic data recovery method that is based on graph clustering and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) under multiple constraints. Compared with the existing harmonic data recovery methods, the proposed method can effectively recover lost data and it has a strong anti-interference ability, especially for the recovery of harmonic data with interference. In the recovery of data loss, noisy interference tests and bad data interference tests, the presented recovery algorithm has high accuracy within 60% for continuous missing data. In an environment with SNR = 50, this method has high recover reliability and accuracy within 15% for situations involving bad data interference.
Optimization of Multidimensional Energy Security: An Index Based Assessment
Authors: Abdullah Fahad Bin , Iqbal Rizwan , Ahmad Sadique , El-Affendi Mohammed A. , Kumar Pardeep
Published: May 2022

This study introduces Pakistan’s multidimensional energy security index (PMESI) and indices across dimensions from 1991 to 2020 through indicator optimization. Based on criteria, expert participation, and reliability testing, 27 indicators were identified and weighted based on dimension reduction utilizing the Varimax Rotation technique. As a result of robust evaluation framework, there has been a considerable change in Pakistan’s energy security when compared to other studies such as the energy security indicator of Pakistan (ESIP) and the energy security index of Pakistan (ESIOP). According to the findings, energy security decreased by 25% between 1991 and 2012, followed by a modest increase through 2020. During the study period, the “Affordability” dimension improved; however, the other four dimensions, namely “Availability,” “Technology,” “Governance,” and “Environment,” regressed. Few goals under the petroleum policy (1991), petroleum policy (2012), and power policy (2013) were partially met, while conservation programs, such as the renewable policy (2006) and national climate change policy (2012), fell short. Indicators such as price, reserves, governance, corruption, and consumption contributed to PMESI across five dimensions. Thus, PMESI and indices guiding policymakers to focus on improving governance and exploiting local energy resources in order to provide affordable and sufficient energy in the long run.
Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Yasmineh Salim
Published: May 2022

Quantum mechanics is a mathematical formalism that models the dynamics of physical objects. It deals with the elementary constituents of matter (atoms, subatomic and elementary particles) and of radiation. It is very accurate in predicting observable physical phenomena, but has many puzzling properties. The foundations of quantum mechanics are a domain in which physics and philosophy concur in attempting to find a fundamental physical theory that explains the puzzling features of quantum mechanics, while remaining consistent with its mathematical formalism. Several theories have been proposed for different interpretations of quantum mechanics. However, there is no consensus regarding any of these theories.
Assessing Sumatran Peat Vulnerability to Fire under Various Condition of ENSO Phases Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Prasetyo Lilik Budi , Setiawan Yudi , Condro Aryo Adhi , Kustiyo Kustiyo , Putra Erianto Indra , Hayati Nur , Wijayanto Arif Kurnia , Ramadhi Almi , Murdiyarso Daniel
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, catastrophic wildfire episodes within the Sumatran peatland have contributed to a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulates the occurrence of fires in Indonesia through prolonged hydrological drought. Thus, assessing peatland vulnerability to fires and understanding the underlying drivers are essential to developing adaptation and mitigation strategies for peatland. Here, we quantify the vulnerability of Sumatran peat to fires under various ENSO conditions (i.e., El-Nino, La-Nina, and Normal phases) using correlative modelling approaches. This study used climatic (i.e., annual precipitation, SPI, and KBDI), biophysical (i.e., below-ground biomass, elevation, slope, and NBR), and proxies to anthropogenic disturbance variables (i.e., access to road, access to forests, access to cities, human modification, and human population) to assess fire vulnerability within Sumatran peatlands. We created an ensemble model based on various machine learning approaches (i.e., random forest, support vector machine, maximum entropy, and boosted regression tree). We found that the ensemble model performed better compared to a single algorithm for depicting fire vulnerability within Sumatran peatlands. The NBR highly contributed to the vulnerability of peatland to fire in Sumatra in all ENSO phases, followed by the anthropogenic variables. We found that the high to very-high peat vulnerability to fire increases during El-Nino conditions with variations in its spatial patterns occurring under different ENSO phases. This study provides spatially explicit information to support the management of peat fires, which will be particularly useful for identifying peatland restoration priorities based on peatland vulnerability to fire maps. Our findings highlight Riau’s peatland as being the area most prone to fires area on Sumatra Island. Therefore, the groundwater level within this area should be intensively monitored to prevent peatland fires. In addition, conserving intact forests within peatland through the moratorium strategy and restoring the degraded peatland ecosystem through canal blocking is also crucial to coping with global climate change.
Evolution of Volatile Aroma Compounds and Amino Acids in Cabernet Gernischt Grape Berries (Vitis vinifera L.): Comparison of Different Training Systems for Mechanical Soil Burial
Authors: Geng Kangqi , Li Dongmei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yanxia , Zhan Zhennan , Wang Zhenping
Published: May 2022

Soil burial is a survival strategy for grapevines that can safely overwinter in north-western regions of China. A suitable training system was beneficial for soil burial to provide winter protection. Moreover, the training system can also significantly affect fruit quality during the development of grape berries, such as primary and secondary metabolites. In this study, four-year-old Cabernet Gernischt grapevines were used as experimental material and exposed to four training systems, including the Ningxia traditional vertical trunk (control, CK); the gobelet (T1); single guyot (T2); slant trunk with vertical shoot positioning (STVSP) (T3). The results showed that total soluble solid total phenol content was 12.69%, 57% higher under T3 training systems than in the control, and T3 alleviated the canopy density, leading to improving the leaf photosynthetic efficiency gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assay used to detect the aroma compounds. The results indicated that the T3 training system enhanced the accumulation of alcohols, carbonyl compounds, C6/C9 and esters, which account for the largest proportion of volatile compounds, and the qRT-PCR reveals that VvEcar, Vvter, VvCCD1, and VvLis were raised under T3 at the transcriptional level. Moreover, T3 contributes to most free amino acid synthesis. Additionally, the PCA reveals the correlation of free amino acids under four training systems, which reflected the mostly amino acid related to T3, and thus, we could speculate that T3 enhances the overall aroma. These results may lead to new strategies to select a new, short trunk training system to achieve mechanized buried soil, to prevent cold and produce high-quality wine in this area.
Heat Treatment of Geopolymer Samples Obtained by Varying Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide as Constituent of Alkali Activator
Authors: Kljajević Ljiljana , Nenadović Miloš , Ivanović Marija , Bučevac Dušan , Mirković Miljana , Mladenović Nikolić Nataša , Nenadović Snežana
Published: May 2022

In this paper, raw natural metakaolin (MK, Serbia) clay was used as a starting material for the synthesis of geopolymers for thermal treatment. Metakaolin was obtained by calcination of kaolin at 750 °C for 1 h while geopolymer samples were calcined at 900 °C, which is the key transition temperature. Metakaolin was activated by a solution of NaOH of various concentrations and sodium silicate. During the controlled heat treatment, the geopolymer samples began to melt slightly and coagulate locally. The high-temperature exposure of geopolymer samples (900 °C) caused a significant reduction in oxygen, and even more sodium, which led to the formation of a complex porous structure. As the concentration of NaOH (6 mol dm−3 and 8 mol dm−3) increased, new semi-crystalline phases of nepheline and sanidine were formed. Thermal properties were increasingly used to better understand and improve the properties of geopolymers at high temperatures. Temperature changes were monitored by simultaneous use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The loss of mass of the investigated samples at 900 °C was in the range of 8–16%. Thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C did not have much effect on the change in compressive strength of investigated samples. The results of thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C showed that this is approximately the temperature at which the structure of the geopolymer turns into a ceramic-like structure. All investigated properties of the geopolymers are closely connected to the precursors and the constituents of the geopolymers.
Ultra-Processed Foods in University Students: Implementing Nutri-Score to Make Healthy Choices
Authors: Fondevila-Gascón Joan-Francesc , Berbel-Giménez Gaspar , Vidal-Portés Eduard , Hurtado-Galarza Katherine
Published: May 2022

Going to university means that many students assume, for the first time, responsibilities associated with living outside the family group, such as controlling eating habits. A survey was conducted among 161 university students in order to find out their perceptions regarding their type of diet, their knowledge of nutrition issues, their consumption of ultra-processed foods, and to evaluate the Nutri-Score labeling system as an aid in choosing healthier products. This is a cross-sectional observational study. Participants who have the perception of following a healthy diet show a more adequate BMI, regularly practice sports and read labels (nutritional information, expiration date, and ingredients). In general, the university students surveyed do not read the labels (64%) and find it difficult to identify the degree of wholesomeness of what they consume. Furthermore, they buy products based on the external information on the packaging (72%). The consumption of ultra-processed products, such as alcohol and soft drinks, is higher in those who live outside their family homes. The Nutri-Score labeling system is perceived as an aid for better product choice (89%).
Dietitians’ Perspectives on the Coordination and Continuity of Nutrition Care for Malnourished or Frail Clients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rattray Megan , Roberts Shelley
Published: May 2022

Malnutrition and frailty are common conditions that impact overall health and function. There is limited research exploring the barriers and enablers to providing coordinated nutrition care to malnourished or frail clients in the community (including transitions from hospital). This study aimed to explore dietitians’ experiences and perspectives on providing coordinated nutrition care for frail and malnourished clients identified in the community or being discharged from hospital. Semi-structured interviews with clinical/acute, community, and aged care dietitians across Australia and New Zealand were conducted. Interviews were 23–61 min long, audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Eighteen dietitians participated in interviews, including five clinical, eleven community, and two residential aged care dietitians. Three themes, describing key factors influencing the transition and coordination of nutrition care, emerged from the analysis: (i) referral and discharge planning practices, processes, and quality; (ii) dynamics and functions within the multidisciplinary team; and (iii) availability of community nutrition services. Guidelines advising on referral pathways for malnourished/frail clients, improved communication between acute and community dietitians and within the multidisciplinary team, and solutions for community dietetic resource shortages are required to improve the delivery of coordinated nutrition care to at-risk clients.
Effect of Saline–Alkali Stress on Sugar Metabolism of Jujube Fruit
Authors: Wang Yan , Feng Yifeng , Yan Min , Yu Ju , Zhou Xiaofeng , Bao Jingkai , Zhang Qiaoqiao , Wu Cuiyun
Published: May 2022

Sugar, an osmoregulatory substance used by plants to adapt to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, is one of the most important indexes of fruit quality. In this study, 0–150 mM saline–alkali solutions (NaCl:NaHCO3 = 3:1) were used to irrigate the roots of 10-year-old “Junzao” fruit trees during the growth period to explore the regulation mechanism of different concentrations of saline–alkali stress on sugar and reactive oxygen metabolism in jujube fruit at maturity. The results showed that under low stress (0~90 mM), the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose in the jujube fruit and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase decomposition direction (SS-I), and sucrose synthase synthesis direction (SS-II) increased with increases in stress concentration, results that were consistent with the relative expression trends of the SPS and SS genes; however, the results were reversed under high concentrations (120 and 150 mM). The soluble acid invertase (S-AI) activity decreased with increases in stress concentration under low stress, and the results were reversed with high stress, which was consistent with the relative expression trends of the ZjcINV3, ZjnINV1, and ZjnINV3. Research regarding the response of antioxidant enzymes in fruits under saline–alkali stress showed that only the differences in peroxidase (POD) activity under saline–alkali stress were consistent with sugar accumulation; the proline (PRO), catalase (CAT) decreased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with increases in saline–alkali stress. These results indicate that the sugar metabolism and antioxidase jointly promote and regulate sugar accumulation in jujube fruits in a low saline–alkali environment.
Influence of Sports Activities on Prosocial Behavior of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Li Jiayu , Shao Weide
Published: May 2022

Prosocial behavior plays a key role in interpersonal relationships during the growth of children and adolescents. Good prosocial behavior is the foundation for the healthy development of children and adolescents. In recent years, the role played by some sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors has attracted much attention. However, the effects of physical activity on prosocial behavior have not been summarized. Objective: We aimed to clarify the role of sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Methods: We searched databases for 27 interventional studies on the influence of sports activities on children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors published in peer-reviewed English journals. Subsequently, inductive, summary, analytical, and evaluation methods were used to systematically analyze and evaluate the literature. Results: Sports activities can improve children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Different sports activities also influence children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors differently. Moreover, sports activities can improve the prosocial behaviors of children and adolescents with special educational needs. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that sports activities improve the prosocial behavior of children and adolescents. At the same time, we find that children and adolescents with special educational needs should be allowed to participate in more sports activities.
The significance of neutrophilic extracleptal traps in the pathogenesis of hemocoagulation disorders in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors:   Moscow Clinical Hospital 24 Moscow Healthcare Department, Grechin Anton Ivanovich Grechin Anton Ivanovich , Lobastov Kirill Victorovich ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Fominykh Evgeny Mikhailovich ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUPP» Medical Institute of Continuing Education, Laberko Leonid Aleksandrovich ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Gritskova Irina Vladimirovna ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Skopintsev Ivan Viktorovich ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Razbirin Dmitry Vladimirovich ,   Moscow Clinical Hospital 24, Moscow Healthcare Department, Koltsov Alexander Ivanovich ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Kletsov Sergey Aleksandrovich ,   Moscow Clinical Hospital 24, Moscow Healthcare Department, Shmeleva Ekaterina Valerievna ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Basyreva Liliya Yurievna ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Gusev Sergey Andreevich ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency,, Korotaev Alexey Leonidovich ,   Moscow Clinical Hospital 24, Moscow Healthcare Department, Panasenko Oleg Mikhailovich ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Published: May 2022

The article contains the main available data on the structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NECs), the mechanisms of their formation and participation in pathophysiological processes are considered. Currently, scientific literature sources contain data on the structure of NVL and their role in the processes of antibacterial protection, thrombosis, as well as various neoplastic processes. However, there is no definite data regarding the exact role of NVL in the oncological process, and the duality of their influence in relation to tumor cells remains a matter of debate. In addition, data on the diagnostic significance of traps in clinical practice are also lacking.
Features of management of patients with fractures of the sternum
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Teuvov Aslan Alekseevich , Baziev Arthur Mukharbievich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Lovpache Zarema Nuriyidinovna ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Abazova Inna Salodinovna ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Teuvova Alina Aslanovna ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Published: May 2022

Fractures of the sternum are rare types of injuries that usually occur because of damage to the anterior chest. Due to the high frequency of combined injuries of internal organs, the mortality rate in patients with sternum fractures can reach 45 %. Despite this, the treatment of sternum fractures is a poorly understood topic. Therefore, this study was aimed at analyzing the features of managing patients with sternum fractures.
Clinical and morphological forms of tuberculous peritonitis
Authors:   Clinic No. 2 of the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Healthcare Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Plotkin Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: May 2022

On the basis of a specialized tuberculosis surgical department, a study was conducted aimed at identifying the clinical and morphological features of the course of the disease in 91 patients with tuberculous peritonitis. It has been established that the morphogenesis of tuberculous peritonitis directly depends on such factors as the initial immune status of the patient, the virulence of the pathogen, the type of tissue reaction, and some genetically determined features of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems and fibroblast activity. A direct correlation of the morphological variant of peritonitis with the form of the clinical course of the disease and the development of surgical complications was noted. Based on the data obtained and the patterns identified, a functional classification of tuberculous peritonitis is proposed, taking into account the prevailing morphological variant of peritoneal tuberculosis, the phases of activity and the development of complications requiring surgical interventions. The developed classification has a clear practical focus, allows you to visually determine the morphological variant of the pathological process, its activity (according to the totality of indirect factors), as well as assess the presence of complications requiring surgical treatment.
Actual problems of the information support for the introduction into agricultural circulation of unused defense and security lands by example of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Melnikova A.A.
Published: May 2022

The article considers problems and directions for improving the mechanism of information support for the introduction of unused defense and security lands into agricultural circulation. It is concluded that the existing system of information support for accounting for unused lands in the Russian Federation does not fully reflect all the needs for analyzing the current state of such lands and possible options for putting them into agricultural circulation. Structural links of interdepartmental interaction between authorized and interested state and municipal bodies, legal entities and individuals have not been built. The author presumes that it is necessary to introduce unused defense and security lands into circulation in accordance with the types of their previous use, and also proposes a mechanism aimed at solving the existing problems of information support for the introduction of such lands into circulation.
Land management modeling in Revit Architecture
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Kalinova E.V. , Dmitrieva E.E. ,   State University of Land Management, Moscow
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the technology of creating a model of on-farm land management in Revit Architecture. The surface model was built in AutoCAD and then exported to Revit Architecture. The results of the construction, visualization of the model and a datasheet (specification) are presented in this paper.
Review of the textbook for masters «Regional Economics and Management of Spatial Development» by Doctor of economic sciences, professor M.P. Burov
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Kosinsky V. V. , Ivanov A.D. ,   Center for the Study of Economic Problems of the Metropolis
Published: May 2022

The textbook of the famous Soviet and Russian economist, state, public and pedagogical figure, Doctor of Economics, professor, author of many textbooks and textbooks, numerous scientific and popular scientific works by Mikhail Petrovich Burov is a holistic presentation of the formation, development and functioning of the regional economy and spatial development management.
Global trends and prospects of carp cultivation
Authors:   Novosibirsk state agrarian University, Russia,, Pishchenko Elena Vital’evna , Moruzi Irina Vladimirovna ,   Novosibirsk state agrarian University, Russia
Published: May 2022

Recently, carp Cyprinus carpio L. (common carp) are grown in many countries of the world. Only in Europe there are about 30–35 breeds of this fish. Over the past centuries, it has been imported to most continents and 59 countries. According to the FAO, in 2018, the volume of carp production on a global scale among bony fish is in 4th place, behind the white amur, white carp and Nile tilapia, which is 7.7% or 4189.5 thousand tons. At the moment, the largest share in carp production belongs to Asian countries: China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Iran, India and Iraq. In European freshwater aquaculture, carp is still the main cultivated species. It accounts for about 32% of the total volume of aquaculture and 18% of the cost of production. 85% of its production is localized in Russia and in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. For the further development of the industry, it is necessary to optimize the technologies of cultivation, maintenance and feeding, for various climatic, environmental and socio-economic conditions. To develop environmentally friendly production in traditional areas of carp cultivation. Actively use integrated cultivation technologies to increase the productivity of reservoirs. It is required to carry out breeding work with existing and create new breeds of carp. The work should be carried out on the basis of genetic research based on the world experience of breeding. It is necessary to increase the resistance of carp to diseases by breeding methods by creating stable breeds and hybrids.
Morphophysiological features of producers of carp cultivated in the pond of the UOKH KSTU
Authors:   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Russia, Kurapova Tatyana Mikhailovna , Khrustalev Evgeny Ivanovich ,   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Russia, Chaban Ksenia Andreevna ,   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Russia
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to study morphophysiological signs in fish from the brood stock of carp grown in the educational and experimental farm of KSTU. The object of the study was fish from the senior repair group entering the breeding stock for the first time. The research was carried out during the spring fishing of winter repair ponds. Clinically healthy individuals with no abnormalities in the development of the body, fins and head were selected for the representativeness of the studies. Morphophysiological indicators of fish were evaluated using the method of morphophysiological indicators. After determining the exterior and meristic features of the fish, they were opened, determining the mass of internal organs and the length of the intestine. Based on these studies, the indices of internal organs and intestines were calculated according to standard methods. The value of the index of intestinal length in female carp averaged 158.77, and in males 198.75%. The ratio of the anterior part of the swim bladder to the posterior is 1.13 in females, and 1.12 in males. The study of organ indices showed that for females the spleen index was 0.76, for males 0.75%; the gill index was 4.34% for females, 4.13% for males; the liver index is 4.76 and 3.05%, respectively. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for female carp averaged 50.32%, for males 26.59%. Thus, when analyzing morphophysiological indicators in the first-time spawning males and females of carp, it was found that in terms of the index of intestinal length and the relative length of the intestine, as well as the ratio of the chambers of the swim bladder, the producers of carp grown at the KSTU g are close to “wild” carp or carp. This is probably the result of the specific growing conditions at this enterprise. All values of other morphophysiological indicators in the studied carp producers can be considered satisfactory.
The efficacy of combining paraffin oil with conventional fungicide treatments against grape powdery mildew in Eger
Authors: Pálfi Xénia , Karácsony Zoltán , Kátai János , Zsófi Zsolt
Published: May 2022

We aimed to test the combination of paraffin oil (PFO) with regular fungicide treatment to assess its efficacy against grape powdery mildew (GPM) in a small spraying experiment on two Vitis vinifera L. cultivars (Chardonnay and Kékfrankos) with different susceptibility to Erysiphe necator. The visual symptoms of GPM on leaves and clusters were examined at three phenological states. The harvest yield was characterized by two methods, data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Regular fungicide treatment (CT) and its combinations with PFO showed better results in both varieties to repress GPM in 2015 relative to sole PFO treatments. Mean values of combined treatments were often lower than CT but did not differ significantly from each other. The same was observed in 2016, despite the higher pressure of GPM, and missed the third survey. No significant differences were detected between treatments in yield. In contrast, the mean cluster weight of CT and combined treatments resulted in (insignificantly) higher values in each variety and year. In summary, the sole PFO showed some disease control capability as reported earlier, but this effect was greatly affected by the given vintage. Combining PFO with CT resulted in increased protection against GPM relative to the solely applied fungicides. However, this effect was not significant in all cases. It also depended on the vintage and cultivar characteristics. The beneficial impact of paraffin oil as an additive to CT may be due to the induction of plant stress responses and/or its ability to support the adherence and absorption of the combined agents.
Examination of compost maturity using reflectance
Authors: Gorliczay Edit , Kun Sándor , Tamás János
Published: May 2022

Composting is one of the most popular recycling processes for organic waste. Composting plays an important role in waste and by-product management and is becoming increasingly important in both sustainable energy management and circular economy. Composting transforms organic matter to produce a safe and stable by-product (compost) that can be applied to arable land in a similar way to fertilizer. Physical, chemical and biological methods can be used to monitor the process and to determine the maturity of the compost, as spectrometric/spectroscopic methods play an important role in the analysis of different environmental samples.
Our aim was to (1) non-destructively detect the effects of different additive ratios on the spectral properties of the composting process and the spectral data of different compost mixtures, (2) to find the wavelength ranges of the reflectance curve (inflection points) sensitive to compost maturity, (3) to determine the correlation between the inflection points and the chemical and physical parameters measured in compost by conventional methods.
The mixture of broiler and hen manure and zeolite was composted 62 days in windrow composting. In the composting experiment, the moisture content and temperature (°C) were measured every three days and compost samples were taken and in 10% destillated aquaeous suspension were measured the pH and electrical conductivity (mS cm-1). Compost samples dried to mass stability were spectrally analyzed in the wavelength range 400–1000 nm with AvaSpec 2048 spectrometer.
Based on the results, the reflectance of mature compost were smaller in the last days of composting than the reflectance values of day 0 samples, thus compost maturity can be detected spectral in the VIS-NIR wavelength range. For the tested compost prisms, the reflectance of each sampling day shows a constant slope, with a significant overlap of the reflectance curves up to 400–700 nm wavelength range, and there was a breakpoint in the 700–750 nm wavelength range which was proved by binary encoding.