bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ADIKSI SMARTPHONE TERHADAP KECEMASAN PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS PRIMA INDONESIA ANGKATAN 2022
Authors: Salovetian Marcelino , Girsang Ermi , Nasution Ali Napiah
Published: January 2025

Teknologi komunikasi telah mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan, memungkinkan setiap individu untuk dengan mudah mengakses informasi dan menjalin komunikasi. Kemajuan ini tercermin dalam inovasi ponsel cerdas (smartphone), yang terus berkembang pesat. Kecemasan merupakan kondisi yang dapat dialami oleh siapa saja, termasuk mahasiswa. Dalam konteks akademik, kecemasan ini sering kali digambarkan sebagai perasaan khawatir atau tegang yang dialami oleh mahasiswa terkait dengan aktivitas belajar atau tantangan di lingkungan pendidikan. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap munculnya kecemasan akademik adalah penggunaan smartphone secara berlebihan, yang dapat memperburuk tingkat kecemasan tersebut melalui gangguan konsentrasi, penundaan tugas, serta paparan informasi yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Adiksi Smartphone Terhadap Kecemasan Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Prima Indonesia Angkatan 2022. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasioanl analitik desain crossectional. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel independen seperti adiksi smartphone dan variable dependen yaitu kecemasan. Populasi adalah mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran universitas kedokteran angkatan 2022. Teknik Purposive sampling dengan rumus Slovin digunakan untuk memilih sampel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapati sampel yang berjumlah 60 orang mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Prima Indonesia Angkatan 2022. Uji Chi Square digunakan untuk analisis statistik, dengan ambang signifikansi P <0,05. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di kalangan mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Prima Indonesia, adiksi smartphone dan kecemasan berhubungan (P=0,001).Artinya Terdapat Hubungan Adiksi Smartphone Terhadap Kecemasan Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Prima Indonesia Angkatan 2022.
GAMBARAN RABIES DAN UPAYA PENGENDALIAN DI KABUPATEN TTS PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (NTT)
Authors: Mau Viktoria Angelina Bere , Tahun R.A Karolina , Boboy Jennie Luisa , Bahan Roni Lorensus , Purimahua Shinta Lisa
Published: January 2025

Rabies merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonotik yang disebabkan oleh virus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Rabies masih merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia termasuk juga di Indonesia. Rabies merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang sangat serius karena hampir selalu menyebabkan kematian, setelah timbul gejala klinis dengan tingkat kematian mencapai 100%. Sejak tahun 2004 hingga Desember 2009 rabies telah menyebar pada 24 propinsi. Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) ditemukan adanya kasus rabies pada 6 desa di Kabupaten TTS pada pertengahan tahun 2023 dan mengalami peningkatan hingga akhir tahun 2023 hingga 6,5 kali lipat, hal ini diikuti dengan anggaran dan alokasi vaksin yang belum merata ke desa-desa yang terjangkit virus ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis kolaborasi pemerintah sebagai pemangku kepentingan dengan pihak-pihak terkait dalam rangka percepatan penurunan kasus rabies di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Provinsi NTT. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif untuk dapat menjelaskan permasalahan yang terjadi dengan lebih mendalam berdasarkan teori collaborative governance dari (Ratner, 2012) melalui teknik pengambilan data berupa wawancara langsung maupun daring, observasi, dan dokumentasi.  Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa anjing merupakan populasi yang berisiko terkait dengan penyebaran rabies di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Program pengendalian dan pemberantasan rabies dilaksanakan melalui vaksinasi melalui VAR, eliminasi, pemisahan hewan yang dipelihara, serta pemantauan lalu lintas laut. Target vaksinasi dan eliminasi mencakup semua hewan yang rawan terhadap rabies, terutama anjing, yang ada di daerah yang terdampak penularan. Vaksinasi dilakukan pada seluruh anjing peliharaan di wilayah yang terkena wabah, dengan jarak 10 km dari posisis awal peristiwa gigitan.
HEPATITIS A PADA ANAK LAKI – LAKI USIA 14 TAHUN : LAPORAN KASUS
Authors: Solihah Maidatus , Sari Meiriani
Published: January 2025

Hepatitis A umumnya ditularkan melalui rute fekal-oral, sering kali berkaitan dengan kebersihan dan sanitasi yang tidak memadai. Di negara berkembang dengan kondisi sanitasi yang buruk, prevalensi infeksi hepatitis A virus (HAV) lebih tinggi, terutama pada anak-anak. Hepatitis A pada anak umumnya bersifat ringan dan dapat sembuh sendiri, meskipun beberapa kasus dapat menunjukkan gejala yang lebih parah. Dilaporkan seorang anak laki-laki berusia 14 tahun datang dengan keluhan seluruh tubuh menguning (jaundice), disertai demam, mual, muntah, urin berwarna gelap, dan feses berwarna putih. Pasien memiliki kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan di pinggir jalan. Diagnosis hepatitis A ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang yang menunjukkan hasil serologi IgM anti-HAV reaktif, serta peningkatan kadar enzim hati dan bilirubin. Kebiasaan makan di pinggir jalan menjadi faktor risiko utama bagi infeksi HAV. Hepatitis A umumnya merupakan penyakit yang sembuh sendiri (self-limiting). Terapi suportif seperti ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), hepatoprotektor, suplemen vitamin dapat membantu memperbaiki fungsi hati dan bermanfaat mempercepat pemulihan pada kasus hepatitis. Dalam kasus ini, setelah dua minggu terapi UDCA, terjadi perbaikan bertahap pada kondisi pasien, termasuk penurunan enzim hati. Selain itu, vaksinasi hepatitis A direkomendasikan sebagai langkah preventif yang efektif, khususnya pada anak-anak, untuk mengurangi risiko infeksi dan penularan HAV. Kepatuhan terhadap kebersihan makanan dan pemberian vaksinasi Hepatitis A sangat penting dalam pencegahan infeksi HAV.
PENGARUH TERAPI MINDFULNESS TERHADAP SKOR GANGGUAN EMOSIONAL DAN KETERAMPILAN KADER DI DESA TLAHAB LOR KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA
Authors: Dwi Kintani Iren , Estria Suci Ratna , Linggardini Kris , Riyaningrum Wahyu
Published: January 2025

Gangguan emosional merupakan kondisi kesehatan yang mempengaruhi pikiran, perasaan dan suasana hati.Gangguan emosional, seperti kecemasan depresi, stress, sering dialami kader desa akibat peran ganda yang meningkatkan beban kerja. Untuk membantu mengatasi masalah ini, terapi mindfulness dapat menjadi solusi efektif. Terapi mindfulness adalah terapi yang menekankan pemfokusan pada peristiwa yang terjadi disini dan sekarang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi mindfulness terhadap skor gangguan emosional dan keterampilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest dengan subjek penelitian kader desa Tlahab Lor yang terdiri dari 35 responden dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Peneliti menggunakan kuisioner Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) yang terdiri dari 42 item. Data penelitian diolah menggunakan SPSS 26. Analisis data meliputi uji univariat dan bivariat. Uji bivariat menggunakan uji paired t-test untuk data yang berdistribusi normal, serta uji wilcoxon untuk data yang tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan adanya pengaruh terapi mindfulness pada variabel gangguan emosional dan keterampilan kader dinilai peneliti, keterampilan kader dinilai kader didapatkan hasil dengan p-value 0,000 < 0,005 yang artinya terdapat pengaruh dalam penurunan skor ganguan emosional, keterampilan kader dinilai peneliti, dan keterampilan kader dinilai kader. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian terapi mindfulness berpengaruh pada gangguan emosional dan keterampilan kader di desa Tlahab lor Kabupaten Purbalingga.
HUBUNGAN INDEX MASSA TUBUH DENGAN GRADING PADA KANKER PAYUDARA DI RSUD SANJIWANI
Authors: Permana I Made Widhi Aby , Widiatmika I Made Gede
Published: January 2025

Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling umum terjadi pada wanita secara global. Menurut WHO, klasifikasi Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) yang mencakup kategori underweight dan overweight memiliki kaitan dengan peningkatan risiko beberapa penyakit tidak menular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan grading kanker payudara. Studi ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional, yang dilakukan di Poliklinik Bedah Onkologi dan ruang rawat inap RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar, Bali, selama periode April hingga Agustus 2023.Karakteristik subjek penelitian meliputi usia minimal 28 tahun dan maksimal 64 tahun, berat badan antara 40–75 kg, tinggi badan 141–163 cm, serta nilai IMT berkisar antara 17,22–31,18. Berdasarkan kategori IMT, ditemukan bahwa 6,7% responden tergolong underweight (2 orang), 60,0% normoweight (18 orang), dan 33,3% overweight (10 orang). Mayoritas responden berada dalam kategori normoweight.Berdasarkan tingkat diferensiasi sel, 6,7% responden (2 orang) berada pada Grade I, 26,7% (8 orang) pada Grade II, dan 66,7% (20 orang) pada Grade III, menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien memiliki kanker dengan tingkat diferensiasi sel Grade III.Analisis hubungan IMT dengan grading menunjukkan bahwa pasien dengan IMT underweight yang berada pada Grade I berjumlah 1 orang, sedangkan normoweight juga 1 orang. Pada Grade II, terdapat 7 pasien normoweight dan 1 pasien overweight. Sementara itu, pada Grade III, pasien dengan IMT underweight berjumlah 1 orang, normoweight 10 orang, dan overweight 9 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IMT overweight cenderung memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap peningkatan grade pada grading kanker payudara. Analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,396 dengan nilai p=0,045 (p<0,05), yang mengindikasikan adanya hubungan signifikan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan grading kanker payudara.
DETERMINAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH DI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Bungasari Septa Ayu , Langi Fima Lanra Fredrik G. , Sumampouw Oksfriani J.
Published: January 2025

Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah berat bayi saat dilahirkan kurang dari 2500 gram, tanpa melihat usia kehamilan. BBLR merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang menjadi perhatian seluruh dunia terkait dampak jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang ditimbulkannya. Berbagai dampak buruk penyakit dan kelainan muncul di sepanjang masa kehidupan, yaitu sejak bayi, anak-anak, remaja, hingga dewasa. Mengidentifikasi determinan BBLR sangat penting guna membantu upaya promotif-preventif terutama di bidang pelayanan kebidanan dan perawatan bayi baru lahir. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis determinan BBLR di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 1.856 sampel. Data penelitian diperoleh dari sumber data sekunder catatan rekam medis. Analisis data yang dilakukan terdiri atas analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan program pengolah data SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dalam meningkatkan risiko BBLR adalah paritas 1 (p value=0,011; OR=1,81; 95%CI:1,15-3,86), usia gestasi <37 minggu (p value<0,001; OR=566,22; 95%CI:110,36-2905,14), anemia (p value<0,001; OR=7,74; 95%CI:5,45-10,99), kehamilan kembar (p value<0,001; OR=23,73; 95%CI:11,97-47,03), dan Perawatan Antenatal (PAN) <4 kali (p value<0,001; OR=2,43; 95%CI:1,76-3,35). Sementara variabel yang menurunkan risiko BBLR adalah usia ibu. Dari hasil analisis multivariat, didapatkan bahwa usia gestasi <37 minggu merupakan variabel yang meningkatkan risiko BBLR paling besar (OR=434,27; 95%CI:80,14-2303,40). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah determinan yang berhubungan dalam meningkatkan risiko BBLR adalah paritas 1, usia gestasi <37 minggu, anemia, kehamilan kembar, dan PAN <4 kali.
HUBUNGAN KESEHATAN MENTAL IBU DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG : TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Authors: Lubis Fatma Juwita , Flora Rostika , Zulkarnain Mohammad , Fajar Nur Alam , Sunarsi Elvi , Rahmiwati Anita
Published: January 2025

Peran ibu adalah inti dari sebuah rumah tangga. Sebagai peran inti, kesehatan mental seorang ibu merupakan hal prioritas. Gangguan kesehatan mental ibu berdampak negatif pada kesehatan fisik dan psikologis ibu itu sendiri dan juga pada anak. Tujuan dari tinjauan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bukti terkini tentang hubungan antara kesehatan mental ibu dan status gizi anak di negara-negara berkembang. Tinjauan ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis untuk mensintesiskan studi penelitian yang ditemukan dalam basis data di Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan PubMed tentang hubungan antara kesehatan mental ibu dan status gizi anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ibu dengan gejala gangguan mental 9 kali lebih mungkin memiliki anak dengan pertumbuhan indeks tinggi/usia abnormal (pendek/sangat pendek) dibandingkan dengan ibu tanpa gejala gangguan mental. Selain itu, kesehatan mental ibu yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya kehadiran ibu di Pelayanan Antenatal dan Postnatal, meningkatnya risiko preeklamsia, meningkatnya risiko kesulitan menyusui, praktik pengasuhan yang buruk, dan cakupan gizi yang tidak memadai pada anak. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara gangguan kesehatan mental ibu dan status gizi yang buruk, meskipun dalam beberapa penelitian, hal tersebut tidak memberikan bukti yang jelas. Terlepas dari arah hubungan tersebut, program gizi anak di negara berkembang harus mempertimbangkan untuk menggabungkannya dengan program promosi kesehatan mental ibu.
SCOPING REVIEW: TANTANGAN TRANSPLANTASI GINJAL DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG
Authors: Reza Muhammad Alfi , Suweleh Yasser Zein , Ghiffary Muamar , Fauzi Ahmad Nur , Pramanugraha Randi Satria
Published: January 2025

Transplantasi ginjal merupakan salah satu solusi utama bagi pasien dengan gagal ginjal terminal, namun implementasinya di negara berkembang menghadapi berbagai tantangan besar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis tantangan-tantangan utama dalam transplantasi ginjal di negara berkembang melalui pendekatan scoping review. Pendekatan scoping review digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi, memetakan, dan menganalisis berbagai bukti yang ada terkait dengan transplantasi ginjal di negara berkembang. Proses pencarian dilakukan secara sistematis di beberapa basis data, termasuk PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan seperti "kidney transplantation in developing countries", "challenges in kidney transplantation", dan "organ donation barriers". Artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 hingga 2023 dipilih dan dievaluasi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tantangan medis utama dalam transplantasi ginjal di negara berkembang meliputi keterbatasan fasilitas medis, kurangnya tenaga medis terlatih, serta masalah terkait imunosupresan dan ketidaksesuaian HLA antara donor dan penerima. Tantangan sosial dan budaya juga berperan penting, dengan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya donor organ dan adanya stigma terkait donor hidup. Secara ekonomi, biaya tinggi untuk prosedur transplantasi dan perawatan pasca-operasi menjadi hambatan utama. Kebijakan yang lemah dan kurangnya regulasi donor organ turut memperburuk situasi ini. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatasi tantangan-tantangan tersebut, diperlukan peningkatan fasilitas medis, pelatihan tenaga medis, serta kebijakan yang mendukung donor organ.
KEAMANAN DAN KERAHASIAAN DATA MEDIS PASIEN DALAM IMPLEMENTASI REKAM MEDIS ELEKTRONIK : TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
Authors: Pramesti Dini Puteri Astianto , Ayuningtyas Dumilah , Verdi Riandi
Published: January 2025

Keamanan dan Kerahasiaan data medis pasien merupakan salah satu aspek yang penting dalam sistem kesehatan di era digitalisasi, terutama dengan meningkatnya penggunaan rekam medis elektronik. Data medis pasien mencakup informasi penting yang digunakan dalam pengelolaan kesehatan individu yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) kategori utama yaitu data klinis dan data medis pasien. Rekam medis memiliki nilai rahasia yang harus dijaga fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan karena didalamnya terdapat riwayat pengobatan pasien dari awal sampai akhir pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa keamanan dan kerahasiaan data medis pasien dalam implementasi rekam medis elektronik dan strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kebocoran data medis pasien menggunakan tinjauan literatur sistematis berskala luas. Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan dengan 4 (empat) database yaitu ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect dan Scopus dengan kata kunci Electronic medical record, Electronic health record, EMR, security and confidentiality of medical data. Model PRISMA digunakan untuk menyaring judul dan abstrak, sehingga dari 412 total artikel yang ditemukan, didapatkan 8 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Kesimpulannya, Implementasi rekam medis elektronik harus dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai aspek keamanan dan kerahasiaan supaya dapat memberikan manfaat yang maksimal.
Conference “Anthropology of St. Petersburg: The City. The academy. Three centuries of life”
Authors: Mazalova Natalya , Galkin Konstantin
Published: January 2025

On May 14, 2024, the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences hosted the All-Russian scientific conference with international participation “Anthropology of St. Petersburg: City. Academy. Three Centuries of Life” dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference was organized by the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference focused on scientific research in anthropology and sociology of St. Petersburg conducted in these academic institutions.
Loneliness and health problems: the impact of socio-economic context and culture
Authors: Rusinova Nina , Safronov Viacheslav
Published: January 2025

The study examines the relationship between loneliness and of health and analyzes the societal conditions that influence its strength. Scientific literature shows that the feeling of loneliness is associated with stressful effects on the organism, which negatively affect health. At the same time, the question of what factors of the social context can enhance this effect of loneliness on health remains poorly understood. In order to clarify it, a two-level linear modeling was performed using survey data from the International Social Research Program (ISSP 2017), which includes 29 countries from various regions of the world, including Russia, as well as comparative statistics and analytics on the socio-economic development of these countries, their culture and demographic structure. The results show that loneliness is indeed negatively associated with self-rated health, and this relationship is more pronounced in some countries than in others. The societal conditions contributing to its strength include the level of economic and social development of countries, their culture and age structure. With increasing well-being and social security, people's assessments of their health increase, and this increase is less noticeable among those who feel lonely, as a result of which socio-economic development leads to a more pronounced impact of loneliness on health. It turned out to be more pronounced in countries with a higher proportion of the elderly population. With a similar economic development, the negative impact of loneliness on self-rated health of individuals was more noticeable in collectivist societies than in individualist ones.
National identity components as predictors of anti-immigrant attitudes in Europe: an analysis based on ISSP data
Authors: Parvadov Simion
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how components of national identity are related to anti-immigrant attitudes in European countries at the individual level. The research literature on anti-immigrant attitudes was divided into material and symbolic explanations of group threats perception. In the formation of perceived material threats the role of subjective socio-economic status, professional qualification and education, and labor market protection was considered. Within the framework of the symbolic threat theory, national identity was presented, which was conceptually analyzed through the civic-ethnic dichotomy and by the comparative criterion of national pride. Based on the theoretical framework, hypotheses were put forward and tested on three waves of survey data from 20 European countries (total sample size N=30746) of the International Social Studies Program (ISSP 1995-2003-2013). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was performed to construct predictors, resulting in the identification of four national identity components. The dependent variable “anti-immigrant attitudes” was constructed in the same way. The main method of analysis was multi-group structural equation modeling. In all three waves, political patriotism, economic security and respondents' education level were negatively related to anti-immigrant attitudes. Ethnic and blind nationalism showed a positive correlation with the target variable. Cultural patriotism showed a positive correlation with the dependent variable for 1995 and 2003 and statistical insignificance for 2013. Metric invariance was established, indicating intergroup validity of the results over time. National identity components showed greater explanatory potential compared to respondents' socio-economic characteristics, providing evidence in support of the symbolic threat theory.
Graffiti as a tool of urban environment appropriation: a study of spatial practices
Authors: Polyakov Fedor
Published: January 2025

The relevance of this research lies in the fact that graffiti has consistently existed and continues to exist within a legally ambiguous or outright illegal context. Consequently, there is a need to manage and regulate public spaces within cities. It is important to note that graffiti today can be created for various reasons, including personal messages (such as love letters), commercial purposes (advertisements), or as expressions of the graffiti subculture, encompassing forms like “tags”, “bombing”, “writing”, and “murals”. In all these cases, graffiti aims to communicate with an intended audience. This raises the question of who that audience is and, consequently, what limitations, if any, should be placed on it. In other words, the central question is the extent to which the spaces chosen for graffiti application are truly public. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of graffiti's spatial distribution within the urban environment. This article proposes using the concept of symbolic urban space construction to analyze this spatial localization. Following this approach, the research employs methods such as observation and mapping of graffiti. Using data collected from four administrative districts of Moscow (2241 instances of graffiti recorded in February 2022), we analyzed both the content of the graffiti and their locations. The results characterize the relationship between graffiti's placement and the issue of its perceived excessive public visibility. While many contemporary graffiti works extend beyond the boundaries of purely subcultural expression, they are often applied in spaces less frequented by the general public. This contrasts with simpler subcultural drawings and inscriptions, which are more commonly found in spaces already actively used and appropriated by the urban community.
La construcción narrativa de los eventos del pasado. Una propuesta teórica
Authors: de Luna Ignacio Brescó
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la construcción de los eventos del pasado, destacando el papel mediador de las narrativas, consideradas como artefactos culturales creadores de significado. Veremos cómo ciertos sucesos y cambios físicos pasan a constituirse en signos en el marco de una actuación semiótica, mediante la cual serían interpretados en tanto eventos significativos a la luz de una determinada narrativa temática. Desde esta perspectiva, nos centraremos en las historias nacionales, observando cómo su propia forma narrativa permite interpretar y valorar los eventos del pasado y del presente, conectándolos, además con un determinado escenario de futuro. Finalmente, concluiremos con unos breves comentarios en torno a la enseñanza de la historia, señalando la conveniencia de hacer visibles las narrativas a fin de dotar a los estudiantes de más herramientas simbólicas y, consecuentemente, de una mayor agencialidad para que puedan afrontar críticamente las historias que circulan en su contexto social.
Temporal pitch perception of multi-channel stimuli by cochlear-implant users
Authors: De Groote Evelien , Macherey Olivier , Deeks John M. , Roman Stéphane , Carlyon Robert P.
Published: January 2025

Some cochlear-implant (CI) processing strategies aim to improve pitch perception by presenting information on the stimulus temporal fine structure (TFS) in low-frequency channels to the corresponding apical electrodes. To explore the feasibility of such strategies we asked eight users of the MED-EL CI to pitch-rank stimuli consisting of isochronous pulse trains presented concurrently to the four most apical CI electrodes. When the same rate was applied to all electrodes pitch ranks increased with increasing rate up to 200-300 pulses-per-second (pps), consistent with previous research. Presenting rates of 100, 200, 300, and 400 pps to one electrode per rate produced a pitch rank between that of the 100- and 200-pps same-rate stimuli. The assignation of pulse rate to electrode did not have a consistent effect on pitch ranks. However, maximizing the delay between pulses on the different electrodes generally produced higher pitch ranks compared to when the between-electrode pulse delay was very short. Our results show no evidence that listeners combine the rates of TFS applied to different channels so as to estimate the fundamental frequency, but do show that pitch can be affected by between-electrode delays. We conclude that presenting different temporal patterns to adjacent electrodes is unlikely to produce a clear and robust pitch, and propose an alternative method for conveying the F0 of complex sounds on multiple electrodes of a CI.
Enlightenment, a Distinct Cognitive State: Executive Awareness Cognition Theory (ExACT)
Authors: Ahuja Navdeep , Singh Yogesh , Singh Jayvardhan
Published: January 2025

Enlightenment, which can be described as the end goal of long-term meditation practices, is a mental state where the boundaries of the apparent Self dissolve, experienced as a nondual awareness. The neural correlates of meditation reveal patterns such as deactivation of the Default Mode Network, activation of the Central Executive Network, and structural brain reorganization.In this context, we introduce the Executive Awareness Cognition Theory (ExACT) of Enlightenment. The central tenet of this theory is a network dynamics' flip in the brain's resting state networks’ functioning, specifically between the CEN and the DMN, which is distinguished by the CEN taking the role of the default network. The described neurological change is accompanied by nondual awareness taking the position of the default mode of perception and the subjective experience of Self is perceived as virtual. This theory is expected to be a reference point for future research in Meditation/Mindfulness and establish Enlightenment as a distinct cognitive state with specific neural and phenomenological markers.
ATG8 in Single Membranes: Fresh players of Endocytosis and Acidic Organelle Quality Control in Cancer, Neurodegeneration, and Inflammation
Authors: Wang Ben B , Apaja Pirjo M
Published: January 2025

Ubiquitin-like autophagy-related gene ATG8 proteins are typically associated with degradative quality control via canonical double-membrane macro-autophagosomes in the cell. ATG8 proteins have now stepped forward in non-canonical pathways in single membrane organelles. The growing interest in non-canonical ATG8 roles has been stimulated by recent links to human conditions, especially in the regulation of inflammation, neurodegeneration and cancers. Here, we summarize the evidence linking non-canonical ATG8s to human pathologies and the quality control of acidic V-ATPase-regulated organelles in the cell.
Culture, history and psychology: Some historical reflections and research directions
Authors: Wagoner Brady , de Luna Ignacio Brescó
Published: January 2025

Psychologists have typically narrated their discipline’s history so as to glorify an experimental method, which analyzes the mind independently of cultural and historical factors. In line with Jahoda’s sociocultural sensititivity to psychology, this article critically interrogates the plausibility for this vision of psychology as cut off from wider social processes, and offers a culturally sensitive approach in its place, based on an extension of Frederic Bartlett’s theory and methodology. This approach is illustrated with a study of how people remember history narratives on the basis of cultural resources taken over from social groups they belong to, and which thus embed them within a stream of history. Both psychologists’ narratives of their discipline and people’s everyday memory of history are shown to be motivated towards the justification of particular visions of social reality.
The Structure of Psychopathology Among Young Adults in Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa
Authors: Hofmann Daniel , Hopwood Christopher James , Laher Sumaya , ASATSA STEPHEN , Florence Maria , Shino Elizabeth , Naude Luzelle , Thalmayer Amber Gayle
Published: January 2025

The generalizability of psychopathology constructs across human populations is often assumed, but most evidence comes from Western contexts. The ‘majority world’ (Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East) is underrepresented in psychopathology research. Efforts to reorganize mental disorder classifications provide an opportunity to better integrate evidence from majority-world contexts. In this study we investigated the coviariance structure of common mental health problems among young adults in Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa. The findings suggest a relatively consistent structure across countries, characterized by both universal and culturally specific features. Internalizing consistently emerged as robust higher-order dimensions, with fear and dysregulated sleep, disinhibited negative affect, and substance abuse consistently identified as narrower disorder dimensions. Variation was observed across countries in the alignment of anger symptoms. In Namibia and Kenya, anger was more closely associated with internalizing disorders, whereas in South Africa, it aligned more strongly with externalizing disorders. In contrast to the majority of findings in the West, inattention/hyperactivity loaded primarily on internalizing and showed inconsistent loadings across contexts. These results highlight the intricate interplay between universal and culture-specific aspects of psychopathology and emphasize the importance of incorporating diverse global samples to better distinguish the more universal from the more context-specific aspects of psychopathology. We advocate for a more inclusive, culturally-sensitive approach to investigating mental health across populations.
Can an Eye for an Eye Turn the Whole World Sanctioned?
Authors: Holynska Khrystyna , Corbetta Renato , Butts Carter T. , Gibson C. Ben
Published: January 2025

International sanctions have been an increasingly common tool for enforcinginternational norms of behavior, among other goals. There is continuing debateon what drives sanctioning behavior: while IR theories of sanctions have a longempirical history, more recent studies identify a need to extend these theoriesto better account for the endogenous nature of state sanction networks. Using acombination of network and IR-based insights, we aim to build a theory-driven,interpretable model of international sanctions that has high predictive utility.Using a separable version of dynamic network logistic regression, we test networktheories of “Matthew effects,” reciprocity, and previous state-level sanctioningactivity alongside traditional IR theories regarding the democratic peace, culturalor institutional similarity, power imbalance, and trade. Though we find thatmechanisms from established IR theories largely hold with the inclusion of networkendogeneity, endogenous network effects are more powerful than traditionalIR concepts for predictive accuracy of the sanctioning network. We also find considerabledifferences for factors driving the imposition of sanctions (tie formation)versus persistence of sanction regimes (persistence), pointing to the importanceof treating such effects separately.
Green Macrofinancial Bargains: How Economic Interests Enable and Limit Climate Action
Authors: Kupzok Nils , Nahm Jonas
Published: January 2025

In the late 2010s, countries began to strengthen policies that redirect financial flows intodecarbonization, such as higher carbon prices and new green industrial policies. However, investmentsremain below what is necessary to reach official climate targets. We argue that the green turn reflectsthe success and limits of political bargains that attempt to use decarbonization as a means to fortifycountries’ growth models and dominant economic interests. Such bargains have proven effective inovercoming entrenched path dependencies, unlocking policy progress. But these bargains also entailtrade-offs that constrain the scope and goals of decarbonization. Prioritizing incumbent economicinterests can slow emission cuts, limit tools to the unpopular and ineffective, and thwart visions of ajust transition. To develop this argument empirically, we provide original quantitative estimates ofclimate policies in the G20 and conduct case studies of the UK, the EU, and South Korea.
NGOs’ Endeavours in Mis- and Disinformation Combat and Literacy Enhancement: A Case Study of Faktabaari
Authors: Lao Yucong , You Yukun
Published: January 2025

This study examines the role of Faktabaari, a Finnish fact-checking non-governmental organization (NGO), in addressing mis- and disinformation and promoting digital information literacy. Using qualitative content analysis of Faktabaari's Digital Information Literacy Guide, we explore its discussion of mis- and disinformation issues and impact, its construction for digital information literacy, and the role of NGOs in enhancing digital information literacy. Findings reveal Faktabaari’s emphasis on practical approaches to information evaluation, digital competence, and the societal impact of disinformation, highlighting its contributions to knowledge dissemination and advocacy. However, it lacks attention to generative artificial intelligence (AI) challenges and a structured conceptual framework for digital literacy. This research underscores the value of NGO-led efforts in enhancing public digital literacy and civic engagement, offering insights into their potential to address disinformation challenges beyond national borders.
The Preobrazhensky Market: A Mechanism for Preserving the Bazaar in Neoliberal Moscow
Authors:   European University at St Petersburg, Merkulova Olesya
Published: January 2025

The classic dichotomy of urban studies is the confrontation between residents / local activists and authorities / capital in the struggle for urban areas. But under this approach many elements of production of space such as practices, representations, tools of participation in urban management, and stakeholders with other interests can be lost. The article attempts to overcome this dichotomy through analysis of the urban conflict around the Preobrazhensky Market (Moscow), which has been preserved in the conditions of the reconstruction and gentrification of marketplaces for the last ten years. The author draws on the Strategic Interactive Perspective (SIP), which considers conflict as a complex interaction of different players whose goals, strategies and moves need to be untangled. The article focuses on the specificity of the Preobrazhensky Market as a bazaar (relying on Clifford Gееrtz’s concept). It is shown that the preservation of the market is ensured by a complex configuration of relations between the players with an interest in the marketplace — the authorities, the Old Believers (the market is located on the territory of a former Old Believer monastery), local and political activists, legal and illegal entrepreneurs, as well as the specificity of the bazaar influencing the strategies of all players.
Aboriginal Cinema for Aboriginal People: The Australian Feature Film “Ten Canoes” as a Phenomenon of Ethnic Cinema
Authors:   St Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television, Glazkova Svetlana
Published: January 2025

In the first decades of the 21st century there began in different countries the production of documentaries and feature films in the creation of which there took part representatives of a wide variety of sociocultural communities that were previously only objects of ethnographic research or an exotic ethnic component of mainstream feature films. Documentary and feature films help such communities form their own ethnic identity and build cross-cultural dialogue with representatives of other cultures. However, ethnic film narratives may not offer complete transparency to foreign audiences unfamiliar with the social and cultural realities depicted in such films. The article offers an analysis of this conflict using the example of the Australian feature film “Ten Canoes,” filmed with the active participation of the Aboriginal people in 2006. The film is addressed to two audiences at once: it offers an authentic story about Aborigines for Aborigines, but as a screen media product it is also addressed to a wider audience, far from the cultural realities of the Aboriginal people of Australia. To create a balance between indigenous and foreign audiences, the filmmakers use a number of narrative and discursive strategies that adapt ethnic characteristics to the standard of mainstream screen culture.
Language Markers for the Presence of the Dead in the Rituals of Spirit Mediums (Northern Vietnam)
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, RAS, Sharipov Alisher
Published: January 2025

The article aims to reveal the set of linguistic and paralinguistic tools used by Vietnamese mediums and their clients for constructing the spirits of the dead during séances of communication with ancestors. In his paper “Language and Religion” Webb Keane argues that regardless of the varying conscious intentions of ritual performers, the properties of ritual speech tend to mark it as different from more “ordinary” ways of using language. The authenticity of ritual practices shapes itself up within the conventional framework of the group and is displayed in a series of features, such as archaisms, semantic opacity, stylised and restricted intonation contours, etc. For this purpose the author analyses two fragments of the communication with the dead from his collection of fieldwork videos recorded recently in northern provinces of Vietnam. The materials are presented in converse-analytical transcription, which Robin Wooffitt believes to be the most productive way to reveal discursive strategies and socially organised linguistic and interpretative practices through which this form of talk-in-interaction (psychic consultations) is managed. Comparative analysis of the two cases demonstrates that repertoires of language markers denoting the presence of the dead spirits differ significantly depending on the type of medium’s participation, but that they appear equally efficient.
A Review of Jonas Bens, The Sentimental Court: The Affective Life of International Criminal Justice. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022, XIV+250 pp.
Authors:   European University at St Petersburg, Shevchenko Nikita
Published: January 2025

The book by Jonas Bens examines the work of the International Criminal Court. It focuses on the trial of Dominic Ongwen, responsible for the massacre of civilians in Africa. The fieldwork for the study took place in The Hague and Northern Uganda. It allows Bens to describe both the procedures of international justice and the reactions to them in detail. By presenting a rich ethnography of the institution, the author seeks to bring to light the role of feelings and emotions in legal procedures and global organisations that proclaim the rationality and universality of their approaches. Bens draws on from an anthropology of law and emotion studies, and, in an effort to overcome their logocentrism, turns to theories of affect. However, while stating the importance of affect, the author merely labels it, without creating a working conceptualisation that would allow for the specification of knowledge about affect in global justice. The author’s criticism of modernity in the last part of the book, which exposes its rationality as a particular form of affect, also seems unconvincing.
A Review of Rogers Brubaker, Hyperconnectivity and Its Discontents. Hoboken, NJ: Polity, 2023, XI+264 pp.
Authors:   European University at St Petersburg, Prus Irina
Published: January 2025

Hyperconnectivity and Its Discontents by Rogers Brubaker scrutinises hyperconnectivity, the socio-technological condition, in which everyone and everything is connected to everyone and everything else, everywhere and all the time. The book aims to capture the panorama of the hyperconnected world through an analysis of changes within the grand social domains — the production of the self, social interactions, culture, economics, and politics. The author brings together academic publications and opinions of journalists, politicians, and specialists in the field of new technologies, in order to calibrate their observations and statements in agreement with the new role of digital systems and their wide dissemination. As in his most renowned monographs, Brubaker uses the critique of categories as a key analytical technique, and not just a formal theoretical section. Reconstructing the historical and intellectual contexts of the emergence of our language of description and analysis of digital environments, he demonstrates that uncritical use of categories such as sharing, platform, or forum leads to both academic blindness and political and economic miscalculations on a global scale. The review seeks to put Brubaker’s book in a discussion about the methodological and theoretical foundations of internet fieldwork with a focus on Russian-speaking digital anthropology.
A Review of Simon Coleman, Powers of Pilgrimage: Religion in a World of Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2021, 335 pp.
Authors:   European University at St Petersburg, Sirotkina Ksenia
Published: January 2025

The new book by British anthropologist Simon Coleman is an ambitious attempt to highlight major issues in pilgrimage studies and point out promising directions for their further development. Based on analysis of hundreds of studies by anthropologists, historians, cultural geographers, and the fieldwork of its author, the book suggests expanding our understanding of pilgrimage and to study it in relation to other ritualised and non-ritualised activities. In particular, the author focuses on pilgrimage as a form of mobility within the framework of the mobility turn and neoliberalism. Criticising a tendency towards “singularism” in the anthropology of religion, he promotes a multi-sited ethnography that allows him to draw comparisons between religious sites and communities. In order to conceptualise the scale of pilgrimage, Coleman refers to the concept of articulation, describing the relationship between pilgrimage and other practices. He also re-establishes concepts that were already borrowed from physics, architecture, and linguistics to anthropology as metaphors: laterality, penumbra, adjacency, porosity, entrainment, etc. Coleman shows how pilgrimage scholars have benefited from these metaphors and how these metaphors complement articulations. The review discusses the pros and cons of such an approach and outlines certain prospects which could complement Coleman’s analysis.
Minority Religions and Society: Multiplicity of Social Actions
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, RAS, Ryzhakova Svetlana
Published: January 2025

This publication is an overview of the problems and topics raised and analysed within the framework of the International Conference “The Contribution of Minority Religions to Society”, organised jointly by Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR), International Society for the Study of New Religions (ISSNR) and the Université Bordeaux Montaigne on 12–15 June 2024. The author discusses a wide range of approaches and points of view on the social role played by small religions in modern society around the world. The author analyses trends that have become the basis for changes in the religious configuration in many countries of the world, such as neo-traditionalism, commodification, the transformation of sacred spaces into objects of cultural heritage, the fragmentation of religious experience, etc. This article examines how the religious picture of several countries (Taiwan, South Africa, South Korea, Lithuania) and individual religious movements (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, etc.) was presented in the conference reports. The main focus of the conference’s vision is explored from a variety of perspectives — the analysis of the social actions that representatives of small religions (or, in other cases, minority religions) undertake, and especially how they contribute to positive social change.
The Face-Work of the Russian Teachers in the Case of Low Pupil Achievement
Authors:   HSE University, Larkina Tatyana
Published: January 2025

Teachers and school administrators educate children in an environment filled with various institutionalised rules. These rules function as rationalised myths, thus, by maintaining the appearance of their effectiveness, teachers and school administrators preserve the legitimacy of their own school and their self-image as conscientious and competent workers. They decouple their actual work activities from institutionalised rules and use the logic of confidence to this end. However, when low pupil achievement becomes an unavoidable incident, the school personnel cannot rely on avoidance, discretion, and overlooking as face-saving practices, as presented in the classic work on organisational sociology. On the basis of material from participant observation of school board meetings in one Russian educational organisation, the author of this article describes the repertoire of face-saving techniques used by teachers and school administrators to correct the symbolic consequences of the low educational results of their students. This paper also shows how such ritual activities of school workers are embedded in the domain of their professional operations and decisions. Through the analysis of the empirical data, the researcher establishes the duality of the ceremonial role of school administrators: they are both the challengers and the offenders responsible for the incident; thus, they have to do additional face-work in order to cope with the ritual tensions arising from their structural position.