bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Bufallo Prion Protein Structured Region at Higher Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Jiapu
Published: January 2021

Background:

Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies of Buffalo Prion Protein (BufPrPC) (J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34(4): 762-77) showed that the structure of this protein is very stable at room temperature (whether under neutral pH or low pH environments).

Methods:

In order to understand the reason why buffalo is resistant to prion diseases and why BufPrPC is so stable at room temperature, this paper will prolong our MD running time at room temperature and extend our research to higher temperatures to study this BufPrPC structure furthermore.

Results:

From the salt bridge point of view, we found an important reason why BufPrPC is so stable at room temperature; this might be a nice clue of drug discovery or drug design for the treatment of prion diseases.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this brief article talks about the MD results of BufPrP at different temperatures and presents a clue to seek the reasons for the conversion from normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) to diseased infectious prions (PrPSc). This should be very useful for the goals of medicinal chemistry in prion diseases research fields.
Sigara Bırakma Sürecinde Vareniklin Kullanan, Tip 1 Diyabet Tanısı Alan Bir Hasta: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ADATEPE YAPICI Selin , ÖZMEN Ayşe , HASAR Muhammet , ÖZER Yelda , GEREKLİOĞLU Çiğdem , ÖZCAN Sevgi
Published: January 2021

Sigara bırakma tedavilerinde vareniklin tedavi seçeneklerinden biridir. Vareniklinin diyabete yatkınlık oluşturabileceği veya diyabeti tetikleyebileceği ve glikoz kontrolünü olumsuz etkileyebileceği bilinmektedir. Bu etki, “yaygın olmayan yan etkiler, her 100 kişide en fazla 1 kişiyi etkileyebilecek” şeklinde bildirilmiştir. Bu olgu sunumunda 21 yaşında nikotin bağımlısı bir erkek hastanın sigara bıraktırma sürecinde vareniklin kullanımı sırasında Tip 1 diyabet tanısı alması bildirilmiştir. Sigara bıraktırma danışmanlığı veren klinisyenlerin, vareniklinin yan etkileri konusunda dikkatli olmaları gerekmektedir.
Empat Perspektif Citra dan Harapan terhadap Kawasan Kesawan Kota Medan: Konservasi, Pariwisata, Revitalisasi, dan Pengembangan
Authors:   SAPPK ITB, Tampubolon Meta Vaniessa , Kusuma Hanson Endra ,   SAPPK ITB
Published: January 2021

Characteristics and history contained in buildings and environments in the city will create an image of the area which was then called as historic area. Kesawan area in Medan City is one of the historical areas and the identity of the city. The current problems are economic interests, modernization, uneven urban development, and improperly enforced laws that threaten the existence of historic areas and buildings. This study aims to reveal the image and expectations of the Kesawan Area from the viewpoint of the people of Medan City, which can be used as a foothold in formulating policies in maintaining its preservation as a historic area. The methods used in this study are mixed methods, namely qualitative and quantitative. The data collection method is done using an online questionnaire with a non-random sample - snowball sampling. Qualitative data analyzed contents. Quantitative data were analyzed by factor analysis and multivariate correlation analysis. From the analysis of images and expectations revealed four perspectives on the Kesawan Area. First, a conservation perspective that hopes that Chinatown's identity in the Kesawan Area is maintained. The two tourism perspectives that have a dominant image of the Kesawan Area tourist attraction and the Kesawan Area hope remain the Medan City icon. The three revitalization perspectives that have the image of the Kesawan Area are difficult to park, crowded during the day, but have a visual appeal, and hope that the Kesawan Region becomes a living area. The four development perspectives expect infrastructure improvements in the Kesawan area.
Utilização de simulador de chuvas para determinação do valor CN e abstração inicial na cultura do café em ambiente de cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Carvalho Fábio , Confessor Jefferson Gomes , Rodrigues Sílvio Carlos
Published: January 2021

O conhecimento do funcionamento hidrológico de uma bacia hidrográfica permite adotar medidas de planejamento ambiental de forma a garantir a perenidade dos recursos naturais ali inseridos. A adoção de modelos que visam expor as dinâmicas de funcionamento de fluxos de bacias se mostram de grande interesse, como o Método SCS-CN desenvolvido pelo NRCS (Natural Research Conservation Service – USDA – Departamento de Agricultura dos EUA). Entretanto, esse modelo foi elaborado sob condições edafoclimáticas distintas do território brasileiro, carecendo a calibração dos índices sob as condições ambientais específicas de cada local. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em apresentar uma metodologia para determinar os parâmetros do Método SCS-CN, abstração inicial, escoamento superficial e os respectivos valores CN (valores Curve Number) para a cultura de café Arábica, inserida em ambiente de cerrado, por meio do uso de um simulador de chuvas em dois períodos pré-definidos (primavera-verão e outono-inverno). Os índices de abstração inicial do simulador de chuva (λsi) foram menores do que λ=0,2 e variaram entre as simulações de 0,03 a 0,14 observando a interferência do volume de precipitação no índice de abstração inicial. O escoamento superficial esteve entre 0,18 mm a 6,26 mm, apresentando variações no volume de escoamento entre as calhas. Em síntese, observa-se um aumento do volume de escoamento superficial da primeira simulação em relação à segunda simulação, não alterando significativamente os valores CNsi.
Assessing the International Transferability of a Machine Learning Model for Detecting Medication Error in the General Internal Medicine Clinic: Multicenter Preliminary Validation Study
Authors: Chin Yen Po Harvey , Song Wenyu , Lien Chia En , Yoon Chang Ho , Wang Wei-Chen , Liu Jennifer , Nguyen Phung Anh , Feng Yi Ting , Zhou Li , Li Yu Chuan Jack , Bates David Westfall
Published: January 2021

Background

Although most current medication error prevention systems are rule-based, these systems may result in alert fatigue because of poor accuracy. Previously, we had developed a machine learning (ML) model based on Taiwan’s local databases (TLD) to address this issue. However, the international transferability of this model is unclear.

Objective

This study examines the international transferability of a machine learning model for detecting medication errors and whether the federated learning approach could further improve the accuracy of the model.

Methods

The study cohort included 667,572 outpatient prescriptions from 2 large US academic medical centers. Our ML model was applied to build the original model (O model), the local model (L model), and the hybrid model (H model). The O model was built using the data of 1.34 billion outpatient prescriptions from TLD. A validation set with 8.98% (60,000/667,572) of the prescriptions was first randomly sampled, and the remaining 91.02% (607,572/667,572) of the prescriptions served as the local training set for the L model. With a federated learning approach, the H model used the association values with a higher frequency of co-occurrence among the O and L models. A testing set with 600 prescriptions was classified as substantiated and unsubstantiated by 2 independent physician reviewers and was then used to assess model performance.

Results

The interrater agreement was significant in terms of classifying prescriptions as substantiated and unsubstantiated (κ=0.91; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95). With thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, the alert accuracy ranged from 75%-78% for the O model, 76%-78% for the L model, and 79%-85% for the H model.

Conclusions

Our ML model has good international transferability among US hospital data. Using the federated learning approach with local hospital data could further improve the accuracy of the model.
Digital Pathology During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Survey Study
Authors: Giaretto Simone , Renne Salvatore Lorenzo , Rahal Daoud , Bossi Paola , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Spaggiari Paola , Manara Sofia , Sollai Mauro , Fiamengo Barbara , Brambilla Tatiana , Fernandes Bethania , Rao Stefania , Elamin Abubaker , Valeri Marina , De Carlo Camilla , Belsito Vincenzo , Lancellotti Cesare , Cieri Miriam , Cagini Angelo , Terracciano Luigi , Roncalli Massimo , Di Tommaso Luca
Published: January 2021

Background

Transition to digital pathology usually takes months or years to be completed. We were familiarizing ourselves with digital pathology solutions at the time when the COVID-19 outbreak forced us to embark on an abrupt transition to digital pathology.

Objective

The aim of this study was to quantitatively describe how the abrupt transition to digital pathology might affect the quality of diagnoses, model possible causes by probabilistic modeling, and qualitatively gauge the perception of this abrupt transition.

Methods

A total of 17 pathologists and residents participated in this study; these participants reviewed 25 additional test cases from the archives and completed a final psychologic survey. For each case, participants performed several different diagnostic tasks, and their results were recorded and compared with the original diagnoses performed using the gold standard method (ie, conventional microscopy). We performed Bayesian data analysis with probabilistic modeling.

Results

The overall analysis, comprising 1345 different items, resulted in a 9% (117/1345) error rate in using digital slides. The task of differentiating a neoplastic process from a nonneoplastic one accounted for an error rate of 10.7% (42/392), whereas the distinction of a malignant process from a benign one accounted for an error rate of 4.2% (11/258). Apart from residents, senior pathologists generated most discrepancies (7.9%, 13/164). Our model showed that these differences among career levels persisted even after adjusting for other factors.

Conclusions

Our findings are in line with previous findings, emphasizing that the duration of transition (ie, lengthy or abrupt) might not influence the diagnostic performance. Moreover, our findings highlight that senior pathologists may be limited by a digital gap, which may negatively affect their performance with digital pathology. These results can guide the process of digital transition in the field of pathology.
Federated Learning of Electronic Health Records to Improve Mortality Prediction in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Machine Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Vaid Akhil , Jaladanki Suraj K , Xu Jie , Teng Shelly , Kumar Arvind , Lee Samuel , Somani Sulaiman , Paranjpe Ishan , De Freitas Jessica K , Wanyan Tingyi , Johnson Kipp W , Bicak Mesude , Klang Eyal , Kwon Young Joon , Costa Anthony , Zhao Shan , Miotto Riccardo , Charney Alexander W , Böttinger Erwin , Fayad Zahi A , Nadkarni Girish N , Wang Fei , Glicksberg Benjamin S
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Machine learning models require large datasets that may be siloed across different health care institutions. Machine learning studies that focus on COVID-19 have been limited to single-hospital data, which limits model generalizability.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to use federated learning, a machine learning technique that avoids locally aggregating raw clinical data across multiple institutions, to predict mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 within 7 days.

METHODS

Patient data were collected from the electronic health records of 5 hospitals within the Mount Sinai Health System. Logistic regression with L1 regularization/least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were trained by using local data at each site. We developed a pooled model with combined data from all 5 sites, and a federated model that only shared parameters with a central aggregator.

RESULTS

The LASSOfederated model outperformed the LASSOlocal model at 3 hospitals, and the MLPfederated model performed better than the MLPlocal model at all 5 hospitals, as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The LASSOpooled model outperformed the LASSOfederated model at all hospitals, and the MLPfederated model outperformed the MLPpooled model at 2 hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS

The federated learning of COVID-19 electronic health record data shows promise in developing robust predictive models without compromising patient privacy.
Early Warning and Prediction of Heart Failure by Ensemble Deep Learning and Trend Similarity Measure based on Real Healthcare Data (Preprint)
Authors: Zhou Chunjie , Hou Aihua , Li Ali , Zhang Zhenxing , Dai Pengfei , Mu Yuejun
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

In recent years, heart diseases cause more than 18 million deaths every year. Heart failure (HF) prediction is essential to slow disease progression by changing lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions before heart diseases occur. Various researches have been proposed recently to predict heart failure. However, these methods did not combine different data sources with high-dimensional for heart failure prediction. In addition, the existing methods failed to consider the coexisting risk factors for heart failure and the complex relationships among them.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal is to make early warning and prediction of heart failure, which can offer the opportunity to test and ultimately develop effective lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions. In this paper, both electronic medical records and physiological data are considered, so as to provide enough source information to identify valuable risk factors of heart failure and make HF prediction.

METHODS

In this paper, an early warning and prediction method for heart failure is proposed using deep learning and trend similarity measure approaches. First, we present the data fusion and feature extraction method to merge different sources of data and get several important risk factors, which contain relevant and valuable information for HF. Second, an ensemble deep learning model for HF prediction is proposed based on gradient algorithms and back propagation techniques. In addition, we present an anomaly detection method to eliminate abnormal data caused by mood changes or environmental factors. Finally, evaluated by the Haar wavelet decomposition strategy, a data sequence trend similarity measure method is proposed aiming at prediction and early warning of heart failure in massive medical data.

RESULTS

The proposed method is evaluated based on our real research project HeartCarer, which includes risk factor information and physiological data. We combine these datasets from 2015 to 2020 to make a better performance evaluation for the proposed deep learning model and similarity measure method. The combined dataset totally involves 2,976 HF patients, 18,203 family members closely related to patients, and 295,801 healthy people. By comparing with other state-of-the-art methods and our prior work in [2] (90%), the proposed method can obtain a higher accuracy of 98.5% in heart disease prediction.

CONCLUSIONS

Heart failure (HF) prediction is essential to slow disease progression by changing lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions before heart diseases occur. An early warning and prediction method for heart failure is proposed using deep learning and trend similarity measure approaches in this paper. The proposed method is evaluated based on our real research project HeartCarer and obtain a high accuracy in heart disease prediction.
Pengaruh Bunting dan Laktasi Terhadap Hematologi dan Mineral Kambing Peranakan Ettawa di Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sarmin Sarmin Sarmin
Published: January 2021

The effects of pregnancy and lactation on hematochemical and mineral parameters were evaluated in Ettawa cross-bred goats in Disctrict Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Blood plasma samples were collected from 14 th pregnant goats (2 month n=4; 3 month n=6; 4 month n=4) and 16 lactation goats (1 month, n= 4; 2 month, n=5; 3 month, n=3 and 4 month, n=4). Blood serum samples were collected from 18 pregnanct goats (1 month, n=3; 2 month, n=2; 3 month, n=6; 4 month, n=4) and 16 lactation goats (1 month, n=4; 2 month, n=5; 3 month, n=3; 4 month, n=4).  The does averaged 2.5-4 years old and their mean body weights were 30-40 kg. The current result showed that pregnant does recorded higher (p<0.05) values of RBCs and hematocrites compared to lactating does. The higher RBCs during the first and third month of pregnantion and the higher hematocrites values during the first of pregnantion. There were not significant differences in MCV, MCH, MCHC, neutrophyls,  limphocytes, monocytes, WBCs, eosinophyls, and minerals Mg2+, in organic  , Na+, K+ and Cl-during pregnantion and lactation.  The results indicated that pregnantion and lactation has significant effect on RBCs and hematocrites of Ettawa crossbred goats in district Disctrict Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Frekuensi Pulsus dan Nafas Sapi Peranakan Ongole Pasca Beranak yang Diinfusi Povidone Iodine 1 %
Authors: Indarjulianto Soedarmanto
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui frekuensi pulsus dan nafas saat recovery uterus sapi potong pasca beranak yang diinfusi Povidon iodine 1%. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) yang beranak normal, sehat, umur 4-9 tahun, skor kondisi tubuh 2,5-3,5. Sapi dikelompokkan menjadi 2 yaitu 1). kontrol 2). infusi Povidon iodine 1%. Semua sapi diperiksa secara fisik meliputi kondisi kesehatan umum, penghitungan frekuensi pulsus dan nafas pada hari ke-3 (minggu ke-1), hari ke 38 dan hari ke 68 pasca beranak. Sapi kelompok 2 diberi infusi Povidon iodine 1 % sebanyak 250 ml per-ekor pada hari ke-3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua sapi dalam kondisi sehat dengan frekuensi nafas pada sapi kelompok kontrol hari ke-3, 38 dan 68 berturut-turut adalah 28,80 ± 5,02; 24,00 ± 0,00 dan 25,20 ± 4,38 kali/menit dan pada sapi kelompok perlakuan adalah 27,60 ± 3,29; 22,40 ± 4,34 dan 21,20 ± 5,76 kali/menit. Frekuensi pulsus pada sapi kelompok kontrol hari ke-3, 38 dan 68 berturut-turut adalah 81,60 ± 8,05; 67,20 ± 14,94 dan 62,00 ± 4,90 kali/menit dan kelompok perlakuan adalah 74,40 ± 8,05; 63,20 ± 9,01 dan 72,80 ± 9,86 kali/menit. Uji t-test didapatkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang singifikan (p> 0,05) antara sapi kontrol dan perlakukan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sapi PO sehat 3-68 hari pasca beranak mempunyai frekuensi nafas 21,20 ± 5,76 - 28,80 ± 5,02 kali/menit dan frekuensi pulsus 62,00 ± 4,90 - 81,60 ± 8,05 kali/menit.
Шинжаангийн уйгур өөртөө засах орны цөөн тоот үндэстний эртний ном бичгийн албан гэрийн тод үсгийн дурсгал бичгийн тойм байдал (= Ойратская коллекция Фонда древних рукописей национальных меньшинств Синьцзяна)
Authors:   Foundation of ancient manuscripts of national minorities of Xinjiang (14, Shengli Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China), Galdan D.
Published: January 2021

Until recently, the Oirat manuscripts from Xinjiang remained inaccessible to researchers due to a number of circumstances. Most of the manuscripts are kept in private collections. According to some data, in the Ili-Kazakh Autonomous Province alone, the Olets living there have more than 300 personal collections, in which, according to rough estimates, there are more than two thousand manuscripts. The Fund of Ancient Manuscripts of National Minorities of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC, created in the second half of the 1970s, is a large repository of texts in the ‘Clear Script’ of the Oirats. The basis for its creation was manuscripts and xylographs from private collections, which were preserved during the years of the Cultural Revolution thanks to the personal courage of ordinary lovers of book antiquity. The Oirat collection of Xinjiang contains 398 manuscripts and xylographs of various contents: Buddhist texts of the canonical content (sutras, sastras, devotional texts), works of popular Buddhist literature (jatakas, teachings, didactic instructions and sayings, framed novels, etc.), astrological, ritual folklore texts.
Memoria y responsabilidad política
Authors: Rodríguez Castillo Luis
Published: January 2021

La obra reseñada discute una amplia gama de temas que recupero: las relaciones entre Historia y memoria histórica, el aporte de los testimonios, los riesgos de los lugares de la memoria, la relación memoria y olvido; así como los problemas éticos que implica la decisión de qué recordar y qué olvidar. Como reflexión final se destaca la importancia de tres aspectos de esta obra de Héctor Schmucler, además de su mirada crítica sobre la estetización del terror, su propuesta de una memoria que llamó simétrica (es decir, no solo del lado de los subordinados y que sufrieron el terror de Estado), y el establecer una clara relación entre la memoria histórica y la responsabilidad política.
La democracia en riesgo
Authors: Woldenberg José
Published: January 2021

Una democracia germinal, que tiene apenas un poco más de 20 años, pero cuyo prestigio ha sido erosionado por fenómenos de corrupción reiterados; el incremento de la violencia y la inseguridad; una economía que no ha podido generar un horizonte productivo para millones de jóvenes que desean incorporarse al mercado de trabajo
¿Cumplen los políticos? Análisis sobre el proyecto de seguimiento a las propuestas de campaña en Baja California
Authors: Rocha Romero David , Vera Martínez Martín
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo considera como punto de partida el Observatorio de Cumplimiento de Propuestas Políticas que se efectuó académica e institucionalmente en el año 2018. Dicho instrumento analiza y monitorea el cumplimiento de las promesas de campaña. Desde la trans-parencia y rendición de cuentas, se presenta como un ejercicio impostergable para aminorar la distancia entre electores y políticos y para mitigar la imagen negativa que tienen los ciudadanos de los políticos; en suma, para disminuir el abstencionismo e incentivar la cultura política de participación ciudadana más allá de los procesos electorales
Effects of opinion statements on laypeople's acceptance of a climate engineering technology. Comparing the source credibility of researchers, politicians and a citizens' jury
Authors: Klaus Geraldine , Oswald Lisa , Ernst Andreas , Merk Christine
Published: January 2021

To examine the influence of different actors' fictitious statements about research and deployment of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), we conducted an online survey in Germany. Participants assess researchers and a citizens' jury to be more credible than politicians. Credibility has a strong positive effect on SAI acceptance in both pro-SAI and contra-SAI conditions. Reading the statement against SAI-deployment led to significantly lower acceptance scores compared to reading the pro-statement. However, the difference between messages was unexpectedly small, indicating that the message content was not fully adopted while underlying traits and attitudes mainly shaped acceptance even despite, or because of, low levels of knowledge.
Comercio minorista de Santiago de Chile a fines del siglo XVIII
Authors: Martínez Barraza Juan José
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la presencia del sector comercial minorista en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile a fines del siglo XVIII, como observatorio de la inserción de esta sociedad en el proceso de modernización del consumo y, con ello, de sus condiciones de vida durante este periodo. La metodología consiste en agregar los segmentos de comercio formalizados al interior del espacio urbano santiaguino a través del uso de fuentes tributarias rescatadas de la reformada administración de alcabalas en esta capital. Los resultados de este examen demuestran: i) la significativa presencia de seis segmentos de comercio minoristas operando regularmente y con una clara diferenciación de su oferta de bienes y servicios; ii) la articulación de este retail con sectores productivos, canales de comercio mayoristas y obrajes capitalinos a través del flujo de bienes y; iii) la alta dispersión de los establecimientos minoristas para cubrir la demanda urbana, en línea con la expansión del trabajo asalariado en Santiago. Tales hallazgos sobre parte de la estructura y funcionamiento de este comercio interno sugieren matizar aquella noción acerca de la precariedad del mercado urbano chileno a fines del siglo XVIII, sobre todo, al comparar esta evidencia conotras economías regionales contemporáneas.
Génesis del nóema: un análisis noemático a partir de la constitución del cuerpo adolorido
Authors: Escudero Morales Alejandro
Published: January 2021

The objective of this work is to carry out a genetic study on the Husserlian concept of noema based in the givenness of the real body in the passive experience of pain. The development focuses, either, on the delimitation of the painful body given in its physical sphere in attention to its material properties, and in the eventual integration of this passively given body in the so-called noetic-noematic structure regarding the intentional revelation that pain implies. To do this, pain will first be briefly examined in light of "original" passivity. Secondly, the way in which the body is given in its real disposition and its understanding as a bodily ego in experiencing pain will be contemplated. Thirdly, considering the “original” constitution of the body in pain in a broad sense, emphasis will be placed on its correspondence with intentionality, a matter that only confirms that pain is a form of perception. Finally, the deployment of the genetically viewed noema is given on the basis of the determination of the real body as a noematic object.
La Bundle Theory y el desafío del carácter denso
Authors: Garcia Robert K.
Published: January 2021

The challenge of thick character consists in explaining the apparent fact that one object can be charactered in many ways. If we assume a trope bundle theory, we ought to answer in turn the two following questions: (P1) What are the requirements on a trope bundle theory if it is to adequately account for thick-character?; (P2) Is a trope bundle theory that meets those requirements preferable to rival theories? In order to address the above questions, the paper proceeds as follows. In the first section I cover two preliminary matters: I introduce the concept of thick-character and distinguish it from other related concepts. Then, I sketch several leading accounts of character and situate bundle theory among them. Also, I pick up (Q1) and argue that there are three requirements on a trope bundle theory if it is to adequately account for thick-character. Lastly, in the third section I pick up (Q2) and argue that the requirements spell trouble for trope bundle theory. This trouble, I argue, indicates that trope bundle theory—and hence bundle theory simpliciter—fails to better its chief rival, substance-attribute theory.
Intuiciones en lógica: una propuesta moderada
Authors: Tajer Diego
Published: January 2021

Intuitions play a significant role in debates about logic. In this paper, I analyze how legitimate is that practice. In the first part of the paper, I distinguish between theoretical and pretheoretical intuitions, and argue that some pretheoretical intuitions are not to be taken into account in logic. Particularly, our pretheoretical intuitions about the concept of validity are not of much importance, since we don’t have a uniform or clear concept of validity in the natural language to be elucidated. Nevertheless, I argue that, since logical connectives are more homogeneously used in our ordinary speech, we can appeal to pretheoretical intuitions to establish their meaning in a logical theory. In the second part of the paper, I consider and reply to four objections to this moderate proposal. Two of them try to show that, if this position is adopted, then the pretheoretical intuitions about the connectives are completely unreliable and useless. One of them argues that this mixed position is unstable: pretheoretical intuitions about the connectives are also pretheoretical intuitions about validity. The last problem is related to the definition of validity and the possibility of revising it.
Una nueva solución al problema de la fundamentación
Authors: Campdelacreu Marta
Published: January 2021

Let us consider a statue and the piece of clay out of which it is made, and let us suppose that they start to exist and cease to exist at exactly the same time. According to colocationism, the statue and the piece of clay are two different objects: they have different properties (for example, one is a statue and the other a piece of clay) and, according to Leibniz’s Law, the same object cannot have different properties. One of the most difficult questions for colocationism is that of the grounding problem: given that the statue and the piece of clay share many of their properties (their matter, their microscopic composition, their structure, etc.), what is it that grounds the fact that they have different sortal (or modal) properties? Recently, Catherine Sutton has offered a very interesting answer to the question. However, as I will argue, it cannot be applied to all cases of colocated objects and therefore, it is not an adequate solution to the grounding problem. The main objective of this paper is to present a new solution to the grounding problem that integrates some of Sutton’s theses, but that allows us to give a complete answer to the question. To do this, the notion of a process of coming into existence will be crucial. After presenting the new proposal, I will compare it with the proposals by Kit Fine and Noël Saenz.
La Bibliometria brasilera y sus actores, 1973-2018
Authors: Urbizagástegui-Alvarado Rubén
Published: January 2021

Analisa-se a rede de coautorias da bibliometria brasileira (BB) dividida em cinco períodos de 1973 a 1980. Verificou-se que no período de 1973 a 1980 a rede é composta por 59 autores com 62 laços. Essas coautorias praticamente quadruplicaram-se no segundo período de 1973 a 1990, atingindo 203 coautorias com 448 laços. O crescimento do tamanho das coautorias não é tão acelerado na terceira década, de 1973 a 2000, quando foram atingidas 267 coautorias com 501 laços. Essas coautorias aumentaram para 395 nós com 501 laços na década seguinte e na última década para 375 nós com 501 vínculos. A densidade é a proporção de laços observados na rede em relação com o número máximo de laços possíveis. Nesta rede, a densidade é realmente muito baixa, atingindo 9,5% no período 1973-1980, caindo para 2,2% no período seguinte, 1,4% entre 1973-2000 e 0,6% no período 1973-2010 e 0,7% no último período. Em certas situações, uma rede está dividida em subgrupos nos quais todos os seus membros estão conectados direta ou indiretamente. No período 1973-1980, havia 14 grupos atuando no BB; ele cresceu para 31 componentes em 12 no período 1973-1990, mas quase dobrou para 65 grupos operando no período 1973-2000; cresce para 88 grupos diferentes no período 1973-2010, mas diminui para 66 no período 1973-2018. 

Palavras clave: Bibliometria. Cienciometria. Brasil. Análise de co-autorias. Análise de redes.
Citações e indicadores de impacto na avaliação de revistas
Authors: Caregnato Sônia Elisa , Vanz Samile Andréa de Souza
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso de citações para avaliação de revistas científicas. Considerandoque a CAPES, atualmente, está em processo de reformulação das suas políticas e instrumentos de avaliação e queinúmeras críticas ao Qualis têm sido feitas por pesquisadores e gestores, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a avaliaçãode periódicos científicos à luz das concepções do papel das citações na atividade científica e dos indicadores bibliométricosdelas derivados, especialmente Fator de Impacto, CiteScore e Índice h do Google. Apresenta-se o histórico e metodologiautilizada para cálculo dos três indicadores, além da fórmula utilizada pela CAPES para utilização dos mesmos na avaliaçãodas revistas. Conclui que os indicadores de citação usados internacionalmente para avaliação de revistas possuem amparoem teorias e metodologias desenvolvidas há anos, mas que eles precisam ser empregados com cuidado e conhecimento.

Palavras-chave: Avaliação. Revistas científicas. Citações. Indicadores de impacto. Qualis.
Alterações fisiológicas ocasionadas pela COVID-19 e suas consequências no agravamento da doença: graduandos de farmácia aplicando o aprendizado de bioquímica clínica
Authors: Rebouças da Silva Cláudia , Da Silva Barreto Ediel , De Jesus Santana Larissa , Ribeiro Borges Layse , Ribeiro da Silva Yuri , Carneiro Rita Terezinha de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 é uma infecção altamente letal descrita recentemente na história da humanidade. Suas manifestações clínicas são variáveis, mas passíveis de serem analisadas por testes laboratoriais já amplamente empregados. Farmacêuticos são importantes atores na orientação de pacientes quanto aos cuidados que devem ser tomados durante o curso da pandemia. O objetivo foi promover a discussão entre graduandos de Farmácia de uma faculdade do Recôncavo Baiano sobre as principais alterações fisiológicas ocorridas em virtude da COVID-19 e suas consequências na evolução clínica dos infectados. Trata-se de uma metanálise, cuja metodologia consistiu em busca de trabalhos completos publicados em bases de dados (PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico). Foram analisados 33 artigos dos quais foram extraídas informações sobre 5 parâmetros: liberação de mediadores inflamatórios; mudança no metabolismo de carboidratos e as alterações nas atividades cardíaca, renal e pancreática considerados como preditores de agravamento nos casos de COVID-19. O trabalho apresenta limitações sobre tempo para sua execução e devido falhas na conexão durante as interações on line com os estudantes. A perspectiva é que os participantes desse estudo possam contribuir com esclarecimento sobre os possíveis agravos na saúde causados pela COVID-19 aos usuários das instituições nas quais eles atuam como estagiários.
Cartas a Marina: representações de gênero em papel e tinta
Authors: Silva Ana Carolina Ferreira da , Maia Cláudia de Jesus
Published: January 2021

Os anos de 1980 foram marcados pela consolidação de direitos femininos, oriundos de lutas feministas em décadas anteriores. Além disso, houve uma entrada expressiva de mulheres no mercado de trabalho, nos mais diversos setores, inclusive na imprensa brasileira, antes majoritariamente ocupada por homens. Neste artigo, analisamos a construção de representações sociais em correspondências (cartas, cartões e bilhetes) endereçadas à apresentadora de TV Marina Queiroz, no período de 1980 a 1988. Ela foi a primeira mulher a comandar um programa dirigido ao público feminino, na extinta TV Montes Claros, hoje denominada Intertv, no norte de Minas). Analisando cartas enviadas à apresentadora, buscamos entender como ela foi representada pelo(a)s telespectadores(a)s. Para a análise, utilizamos alguns procedimentos da Análise do Discurso francesa.
Uma metáfora para o comportamento humano: a vida de São Goderico e a interação santa com os animais de Finchale, no Norte da Anglia (séculos XI e XII)
Authors: Moura Filho Raimundo Carvalho
Published: January 2021

A interação entre animais e santos, na Idade Média, ocorreu de formas variadas, e é pertinente considerar essa dinâmica como permeada de múltiplos significados. Os animais ora se apresentavam como sinais da providência divina, ora como indícios de ações perpetradas por forças diabólicas. Assim, havia uma dimensão simbólica, cujos significados estavam conectados às concepções religiosas que a sociedade reclamava para si. A partir desses pressupostos, identificamos, para discutir, alguns aspectos, associados à transmissão de mensagens para a coletividade social por meio de histórias envolvendo santos e animais, evidenciados na Vida de São Goderico, uma hagiografia confeccionada no século XII, atribuída ao monge beneditino Reginaldo, do priorado de Durham, no norte da Anglia.
Da aparência fenomêmica à sistematicidade do poder aristocrático: crônicas e cartulários acerca do reinado de Filipe Augusto (1180-1223)
Authors: Menezes Junior Edilson Alves de
Published: January 2021

A percepção fática mais imediata que o historiador retém da manifestação histórica de um determinado objeto de análise é legatária de um duplo movimento da aparência: esta tanto pode revelar quanto velar algo. É possível, não obstante, sublinhar que esse duplo movimento é inexoravelmente indissociável. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem por objetivo fundamental ponderar a problemática do vínculo orgânico entre as dinâmicas sociais que compõem e configuram a aristocracia feudal em face das comunidades rurais, isto é, das relações de dominação social. A partir de exemplos entrecruzados de cartulários e crônicas dos séculos XII e XIII discutir-se-á as incoerências da obliteração do campesinato na historiografia medieval, tal qual as possibilidades analíticas oferecidas pela documentação selecionada. O objetivo é aventar a interrelação entre a aparência fenomênica da documentação requisitada e as dinâmicas sócio metabólicas que essa aparência pode velar, a sistematicidade oculta da dominação social sobre as comunidades rurais.
Asymptotic behaviors of the semigroup of the linearized Landau operator for the very soft and Coulomb potentials
Authors: SUN Jiawei , WU Yakui
Published: January 2021

We study the asymptotic behaviors of the semigroup generated by the
linearized Landau operator in the case of the very soft potentials and
Coulomb potential. Compared with the hard potentials, Maxwellian
molecules and moderately soft potentials, there is no spectral gap for
the linearized Landau operator with the very soft and Coulomb
potentials. By introducing a new decomposition of the linear Landau
collision operator $L$ including an accretive operator and a
relatively compact operator, we establish the complete spectrum
structure for the linearized Landau operator with the very soft and
Coulomb potentials and furthermore derive the time decay estimates of
the corresponding semigroup in a weighted velocity space.
Facemasks and COVID-19 case fatality rate
Authors: Fögen Zacharias
Published: January 2021

The importance of facemasks during COVID-19 pandemic has been a
controversial topic. However, many countries worldwide have already
issued mask mandates. Here I show, that counties with mask mandates in
Kansas during the summer of 2020 had a significantly higher case
fatality rate compared to Kansas counties without mask mandates, with a
risk ratio of 1.85 for death with COVID-19. Even when correcting the for
the number of ‘protected people’, this is the number of people that were
not infected in the mask mandates group compared to the no mask group,
the risk ration remains highly significant at 1.52. Over 95% of this
effect can solely be attributed to COVID-19. Why this happens and the
possible connection between long-term effects associated with SARSCoV-2
and facemasks are explained in theory herein by the ‘foegen effect’,
which describes the deep reinhalation of pure virions that were caught
in the facemasks as droplets.
Biología alimentaria de Prochilodus mariae durante la primera fase de crecimiento
Authors: Aya-Baquero Elizabeth , Arias-Castellanos José A. , Hernández-Herrera Sandra Milena
Published: January 2021

Entre los más importantes peces del río Meta se encuentra Prochilodus mariae (bocachico llanero o coporo), tanto por su mayor tamaño dentro de los bocachicos de la cuenca, como por su aporte a la biomasa trófica y de las pesquerías de la región. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el régimen alimenticio de poslarvas (inicio de la alimentación exógena) del coporo Prochilodus mariae, hasta el inicio de la fase de alevino (aletas completas y cuerpo con escamas), en condiciones simuladas durante los primeros 30 días de alimentación exógena. Los estanques en tierra del IALL, asignados para el desarrollo de este trabajo, fueron abonados orgánicamente con (bovinaza y heno) teniendo en cuenta las condiciones que suceden cada año, a las entradas de aguas en las áreas de inundación de los afluentes, los que fueron sembrados con larvas obtenidas por reproducción inducida a densidad de veinte larvas / m2 y con el 80% de su saco vitelino absorbido. Cada dos días, durante 30 días, a las 8:00 h, fueron colectadas poslarvas junto con las muestras de zooplantcton y fitoplancton y fijados en formol bufferado al 4%. Los índices de frecuencia (IF) de los contenidos estomacales de siete poslarvas/estanque y los ítems alimenticios como oferta hallados en aguas y perifiton fueron evaluados. Los análisis se realizaron con un total de 156 ejemplares que oscilan entre intervalos de 6-8.99; 9-17.99; 18-26.99; 27-35.99; 36-44.99; 45-47.99 mm de longitud total. Las poslarvas del primer intervalo exploran organismos relacionados con el perifiton principalmente bacterias, protozoos y algas en este primer muestreo se caracterizó porque el 66.7% de las poslarvas presentaron estómagos vacíos. En las poslarvas del segundo intervalo el IF de los contenidos mostró una tendencia por el consumo de organismos pelágicos con preferencia por los cladóceros. En el último intervalo los alevinos inician el consumo de detritos (materia orgánica particulada, bacterias, hongos) y otras formas del fitoplancton cercano a las paredes y fondo del estanque.
Diagnóstico Patológico en Mora de Castilla Rubus glaucus Bentham (Rosales:Rosaceae)
Authors: Mora-Ramos María Alexandra , Pardo-Carrasco Fidela Patricia , Bastidas-López Harold
Published: January 2021

Se realizó un diagnóstico patológico de un cultivo de Mora de Castilla en la vereda Pascote, municipio de Gutiérrez Cundinamarca, Colombia. Las muestras vegetales se tomaron de las hojas, tallo, flor, fruto y raíz; las cuales, se procesaron en identificaron en el laboratorio de fitopatología de la Universidad de los Llanos. En el campo se evaluó incidencia de cada síntoma. Se encontraron cuatro patógenos fungosos Colletrotrichum . gloesporoides (Penz.) Penz. con 40.00% de incidencia, Peronospora sparsa Berk con una incidencia del 20.00 %, Oidium sp, con 12.50% de incidencia y Botrytis cinérea Perms., con una incidencia del 7.50 %.
Splićani – Croati a cavallo u
mletačkim prekojadranskim kopnenim postrojbama u 18. stoljeću
Authors: Čoralić Lovorka
Published: January 2021

Središnje
istraživačko zanimanje ovoga rada usmjereno je na proučavanje udjela Splićana u
profesionalnoj mletačkoj konjaničkoj postrojbi (Croati a cavallo, Cavalleria
Croati) tijekom 18. stoljeća. Rad
se zasniva na istraživanju gradiva iz Archivio di Stato di Venezia (fond:
Inquisitori sopra l'amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli). Na osnovi navedenoga
gradiva, kao i postojećih spoznaja iz historiografije, analizira se vremenski
okvir djelovanja Splićana u rečenoj postrojbi, način njihova bilježenja,
trajanje vojne službe, udio pripadnika iz istih obitelji, osobne (tjelesne)
značajke vojnika, kao i mjesto njihova popisivanja te zapovjedni kadar jedinica
u kojima su bili prisutni. Zaključak rada jest da su Splićani činili vrlo
zapažen dio hrvatskoga konjaništva pod stijegom Serenissime te da ovdje provedena raščlamba teži pridonijeti
boljemu poznavanju vojne povijesti Dalmacije (u konkretnome slučaju grada
Splita) i Mletačke Republike u posljednjemu stoljeću njihova opstojanja u
zajedničkoj državi.
Rat Svete lige, gospodarska
kriza i njezine posljedice
Authors: Kasumović Fahd
Published: January 2021

Cilj ovoga rada preispitivanje je dominantnih
historiografskih predodžbi o transformacijskim procesima u ekonomskoj povijesti
Osmanskoga Carstva te obrada nepoznatih aspekata osmanskih financijskih mjera
koje su na području Bosanskoga ejaleta poduzete u prvih nekoliko godina nakon
Karlovačkoga mira (1699.). Rad pokazuje kompleksnost osmanske strategije u
borbi sa stvarnim i percipiranim učincima gospodarske krize koju je na zapadnoj
periferiji svijeta islama izazvalo dugotrajno ratovanje s koalicijom Svete
lige. Nastoji se pokazati da je za potpunije razumijevanje osmanskih
transformacijskih procesa potrebno temeljitije ispitati mjere koje je vlast
provodila u pograničnim provincijama. Kao primjer tih mjera istaknuto je trajno
oslobađanje cijeloga Bosanskog ejaleta od poreza bedel-i nüzûl,
namijenjenog za opskrbu i financiranje vojske. Ukazano je i na značenje krupnih
promjena u režimu ubiranja državnih prihoda kao što je ukidanje „vlaških
poreza” i odsjekom određenih novčanih podavanja u znatnom dijelu osmanskoga
agrarnog gospodarstva u Bosni te prijelaz na režim naturalne desetine. Analizirani
su uzroci koji su doveli do tih mjera, njihove dugoročne posljedice za osmanske
financije, život lokalnoga stanovništva i gospodarstvo. Zaključci izneseni u
radu zasnovani su na analizi neobjavljene financijske građe iz osmanskih
arhiva.
Fabrication of PVDF/PES nanofibers with unsmooth fractal surfaces by electrospinning: A general strategy and formation mechanism
Authors: Lin Ling , Liu Yan-Qing , Li Yun-Yu , Shen Yue , He Ji-Huan
Published: January 2021

Smaller fibers are welcome in many applications due to larger surface area, but there is a threshold for smallest fibers for a fixed spinning system. In order to further improve surface area, hierarchical structure is considered in this paper using electrospinning. A bi-solvent system is used in our experiment for fast solvent evaporation. Unsmooth nanofibers are obtained, and the formation mechanism is elucidated.
Preparation of a Cu-BTC/PAN electrospun film with a good air filtration performance
Authors: Yang Cheng-Fei , Tian Dan , He Ji-Huan
Published: January 2021

Copper-1,3,5-benzoic acid (Cu-BTC) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, which had regular octahedral morphology. The Cu-BTC particles were used as additives in the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution fabricate Cu-BTC/PAN membrane by the electrostatic spinning method, its good filtration performance was witnessed experimentally.
A fractal resistance-capacitance circuit model for the current flowing in porous media
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Sun Hong-Chang , Fei Zhe
Published: January 2021

The current flows in a porous media is a very complex nature phenomenon, and it is very difficult to establish its mathematical model with the traditional definition of derivative. In this paper, the fractal resistance-capacitance circuit of porous media is successfully established based on He?s fractal derivative, and the two-scale transform is adopted to solve the fractal circuit. In this fractal resistance-capacitance circuit circuit, the fractal dimension represents the effective porosity of the two plates of the capacitor, and the influence of its value on the fractal resistance-capacitance circuit circuit is also elaborated.
Fractal calculus for refrigerated transportation of perishable foods: Energy consumption and energy saving
Authors: Liu Enhai , Zhang Wenyun , Zheng Huifan , Qian Yingzhi , Li Wei , Zhou Nianyong , Liu Li , Feng Hao
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the frozen pork transportation in short and long distances, the loss of cooling capacity and the energy consumption in the cold chain transportation are analyzed experimentally and numerically. It finds that the material for freezer insulation plays in important role in energy consumption and energy saving during refrigerated transportation, an optimal freezer can reduce temperature rise by 13.88% and the heat flow by 71.05% compared with the traditional ones. A fractal model is established to reveal the thermal property of the freezer.