bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling parental perspectives: COVID-19 vaccination for children in India
Authors: Bhardwaj Priya , Yadav Sunita K. , Jetly Sunita , Saluja Daman , Taneja Jyoti
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Irrespective of the availability of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine and its success rate in adults, administering vaccines to children remains a challenge for healthcare workers. Children’s vaccine hesitancy among parents remains substantial and is exacerbated due to misleading information. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the hesitancy of parents and their concern about the vaccination and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in their children.

Methods:

A cross-sectional web-based and offline survey comprised of questions about the demographic of children, the status of COVID-19 infection, its severity, vaccination status, sources of information, willingness, concerns and attitude of parents to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 virus, was conducted. Overall, 846 responses from parents fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed by GraphPad Prism 5.

Results:

Out of the 846 responses, 51.2% (n = 433) of children were vaccinated against COVID-19. Out of vaccinated children (51.2%), 60.3% (n = 261) had experienced adverse events. Around 21% (n = 98) of children had a history of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Among the infected children, 14.3% were asymptomatic and 85.7% had symptoms. Approximately 8% of children had comorbidities, with chronic lung diseases and asthma being the most common. Among the 846 participating parents, 59.5% were mothers and the remaining 40.5% were fathers. A total of 2.7% and 22.2% of parents were found hesitant to administer the COVID-19 vaccine to their children aged 15–18 years and below 15 years, respectively. Among hesitant parents, mothers were found slightly more hesitant as compared to fathers. Also, 35.5% of parents were found hesitant about their own COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, the concern for COVID-19 vaccine unwillingness among parents is that a child has already achieved natural immunity after COVID-19 infections (76.8%) followed by vaccine safety and its side effects. The motivating factors to convince parents for their children’s COVID-19 vaccination were if their doctors recommend it, followed by detailed information on vaccine side effects and efficacy in children. The most trusted source of information for the parents was found to be the healthcare workers.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that data and reviews regarding the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine readily available in the public domain could serve as a highly effective strategy for promoting and implementing widespread vaccination among children. By providing easily accessible and comprehensive information, public health authorities can address parental concerns, dispel misconceptions and foster a greater sense of trust in the vaccination process.
Mediating role of physician’s empathy between physician’s communication and patient’s satisfaction
Authors: Arshad Maham , Sriram Shyamkumar , Khan Saira , Gollapalli Pavan Kumar , Albadrani Muayad
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Physician communication is vital for an effective physician-patient relationship. Physician empathy is crucial to patient communication. The relationship between physician empathy, physician communication, and patient satisfaction is not very clear. This study aims to study the mediating role of physician’s empathy between physician’s communication, physician’s empathy, and patient’s satisfaction.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, during the time period of December 2018 to February 2019. Employing the technique of purposive convenience sampling, data were collected (N = 238) from psychiatric, cardiology, and dermatology wards of public and private sector hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The Communication Assessment Tool, specifically the Patient’s Perception of Physician’s Empathy and Patient Satisfaction Scale, was used to assess study variables. The measures used in the research assess the patient’s perception of the physician’s communication, empathy, and patient’s satisfaction. Formal permission for the research was taken from the hospital administration with approval from the institutional review boards. Participants were briefed about the purpose of the research. Both verbal and written informed consent was taken from them.

Results:

The result shows that a physician’s empathy plays a mediating role between the physician’s communication skills and patient satisfaction. Moreover, Pearson product-moment correlation indicated a significant positive relationship between doctors’ communication skills, doctors’ empathy, and patients’ satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Building a positive doctor-patient relationship would not only lead to improved patient satisfaction but also reduce the likelihood of medical malpractice. Therefore, steps should be taken to enforce trust, interaction, and empathy in doctor-patient relationships, with patient-centered services. Physician’s empathy plays a mediating role between physician’s communication skills and patient’s satisfaction.
Young hearts at risk: Unveiling novel factors in myocardial infarction susceptibility and prevention
Authors: Ranjan Ashis , Agarwal Rajat , Mudgal Shiv Kumar , Bhattacharya Sudip , Kumar Barun
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The increasing incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among the young population represents a significant and emerging health concern, contributing substantially to both mortality and morbidity. Unlike myocardial infarctions occurring in older individuals, traditional risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension exhibit a weaker association in the younger demographic. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a deeper understanding of novel risk factors that contribute to AMI in young patients. In this review, we explore distinct risk factor profiles associated with young-onset AMI in comparison to older patients. Special attention is given to novel risk factors, examining their susceptibility factors and exploring preventive measures. The comprehensive risk profile of extremely young South Asians who develop early coronary arterial disease is not yet fully understood. There are many novel evolving risk factors associated with young AMI which need intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality. It has been seen that established inflammatory markers like lipoprotein (a), dyslipidaemia, long COVID, and new emerging risk factors like air pollution (micro- and nanoplastics), periodontitis, acute stress, energy drinks, misuse of recreational drugs may increase risk and influence treatment, and outcomes of AMI in this young population. Screening of emerging novel risk markers and their optimization is important in preventing young patients with AMI. The role of conventional risk factors should not be overlooked and should be treated aggressively. Sex and geographic-specific base approaches are required to reduce risk factors and prevent AMI in young. More prospective studies are needed to evaluate the increasing incidence of young AMI and its associated novel risk factors.
Musculoskeletal disorder prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Alsulaihebi Husam S. , Alsulaihebi Amjad S. , Alsaedi Ziyad K. , Alsharif Saud Y. , Mahamid Anis W. , Babateen Omar M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A total of 416 participants participated in this study by answering an online questionnaire. We included medical students from UQU of both genders, ranging from the first year to the sixth year. A questionnaire was used to capture sociodemographic data. The data were collected using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) and Standardized Nordic questionnaire.

Results:

Among 416 medical students surveyed, 219 (52.60%) were males. A significant proportion of participants, 294 (70.70%), reported experiencing pain during the last 12 months. Female students exhibited significantly higher scores of MSDs compared to their male counterparts. Students who reported working between 51–90 hours per week had a significantly higher MSD score than those who worked 0–50 hours or 91 or more hours. The findings of this study indicated that the most prevalent MSDs were low back pain (50.20%), followed by neck pain (31.70%), and female medical students exhibited significantly higher stress levels than male medical students.

Conclusions:

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a prevalent health issue among medical students, there is a significant association between factors such as being a female and body mass index. Additionally, psychological stress is a widespread concern among medical students, given the demanding nature of their lifestyle. Interestingly, our findings revealed that there exists a moderately positive relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and stress in this particular population.
Developmental delay in a community setting: Role of a primary care physician
Authors: Taywade Manish , Roy Payel , Mohanty Pankaj K.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The early part of childhood especially the first 1000 days plays an essential role in the growth and development of the child. Various internal and external factors affect the child’s development, including genetic factors, socioeconomic status, sociocultural environment, maternal mental health, and the parenting environment. There is a high prevalence of developmental delay 17.6% globally, whereas in India, it is around 6.6%. Numerous screening tools are available to detect developmental delay in the child early. Early identification and intervention are crucial because we can have a better outcome for the child if intervention is performed on time. The children can be identified during the postnatal follow-up period. Literature has shown that few parents take their children for regular developmental assessment after delivery. Identifying the developmental impairment early from a primary care physician’s point of view is essential. In India under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Kariyakram (RBSK), the children are screened at home, Anganwadi centers, and schools to detect at-risk children under 4D’s, so that early intervention can be planned by linking them to District Early Intervention Center.
Assessment of sexual beliefs among “drug naive male” patients attending psychiatry OPD in a teaching institution: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sheoran Chaitanya , Nayar Nikhil , Kumar Abhinit , Kumar Kunal , Sharma Shruti , Maan Nikita
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The basic objective of any civilization is to preserve a happy family. The quality of one’s sexual encounters is crucial to a happy marriage. Couples’ dissatisfaction in this area may be the cause of several social, psychological, and medical issues. The way reality is interpreted, which shapes behaviors and emotions, is established by beliefs. These beliefs, which are among the most frequent causes of male sexual problems, include those relating to high performance, women’s sexual enjoyment, and sexual conservatism.

Aims:

To identify the misconceptions about sexuality among psychiatry patients. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out at the School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University. We enrolled 200 samples and it is assessed through Sexual Beliefs Questionnaire (Male version).

Result:

Sexual beliefs were assessed in different domains as well as overall sexual belief score was also estimated. The different domains in which the sexual beliefs were scored were sexual conservatism, female sexual power, macho belief, beliefs about women’s sexual satisfaction, restrictive attitude toward sex, and sex as an abuse of men’s power.

Conclusion:

The development of both psychiatric and sexological care will benefit from the early identification of the intricate relationships between psychopathology, the adverse effects of antipsychotic medicines, and sexuality. However, longitudinal studies are needed to anticipate the relationship more accurately between sexual dysfunction and sexual beliefs at a larger sample size. Sexual beliefs are significant contributors to sexual dysfunction.
Correlation of non-invasive parameters with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings for presence and grading of gastroesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients
Authors: Mathur Navgeet , Patel Harsh , Mangalia Ravi , Mehta Amit , Mathur Medha , Verma Anjana , Patyal Ashish
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Development of esophageal varices is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis, and endoscopy is used to see the presence, grading, and long-term monitoring of esophageal varices which is an invasive and unpleasant procedure. There is no adequate data available showing noninvasive methods can be used for the same.

Methods:

Seventy patients with liver cirrhosis participated in the study. Factors like portal vein diameter, spleen size, platelet count, serum bilirubin, Child-Pugh score, prothrombin time (PT), and PT INR were observed and correlated endoscopically with the presence and grading of esophageal varices in all patients.

Results:

The platelet count, portal vein diameter, serum bilirubin, spleen bipolar diameter, and PT had statistically significant correlations with the presence of varices. Among them, platelet count, portal vein diameter, and serum bilirubin also had statistically significant correlations with the grading of varices. Monitoring of these noninvasive parameters can help in monitoring variceal growth.

Conclusions:

Noninvasive parameters can be used effectively to predict the presence and grading of esophageal varices and at the same time keep the rate of undiagnosed varices acceptably low. By using noninvasive parameters, patients can be benefited by decreasing the requirement of repeated endoscopic evaluation which is an unpleasant procedure and availability is also limited.
Chronic nonspecific multiple-sites pain [CNMSP] of unknown etiology: Biopsychosocial method of evaluation for the primary care level
Authors: Goel Deepak , Avinash Priya R. , Shangari Sushant , Srivastav Malini , Pundeer Ashwani
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Understanding and dealing with chronic nonspecific pain (CNP) is the important entity at primary care hospital. Chronic nonspecific multiple-site pain [CNMSP] of unknown etiology creates diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for primary care physicians due to lack of guidance regarding evaluation and treatment.

Aims and Objectives:

To classify and formulate the evaluation, treatment strategies, and prediction of prognosis of patients with CNMSP of unknown etiology.

Methods:

Patients present with CNMSP of more than 3-month duration without any obvious medical cause. The biopsychosocial [BPS] model with 3P model was applied to see the biological, psychological, and social factors behind persistence. Finally, patients were classified into four groups for evaluation response to treatment and relapse rates in 12-month follow-up.

Results:

Of the total 243 patients of CNMSP, 243 [96.3%] were females. Sixty [24.7%] patients had short duration, and 183 [75.3%] had long duration. Headache was in 115 [47%], low back pain ± leg pain in 96 [39.4%], cervical pain ± shoulder/arm pain in 83 [34.1%], and diffuse body pain in 50 [20.5%] in various combinations. A total of 155 [63.8%] patients had high somatization–sensitization index (SSI), and 144 [59.3%] had low ferritin level. Group 1 [high SSI and low ferritin] had 37.9% of patients, group 2 [high SSI and normal ferritin] had 25.9% of patients, group 3 [low to medium SSI with low ferritin] had 21.4% of patients, and group 4 [low to medium SSI with normal ferritin] had 14.8% of patients. Response to pain symptoms was better in group 1, and relapse rate was higher in group 2.

Conclusion:

CNMSP of unknown etiology itself is a heterogeneous entity, and assessment based on the BPS model can be very useful to understand the treatment plan and outcome of these patients.
Parkinsonism following bilateral chronic subdural hematoma that presented as orthostatic headache: Highlighting clinical pearls for family physicians and physiotherapists
Authors: Anwari Colis , Raghavan Nila , Rao B. C. , Prasad Ramakrishna
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a great mimicker. It should be considered in anyone presenting with chronic headaches that show postural variation. Parkinsonism following CSDH, while known, is only rarely reported in the literature. Hyponatremia, rapid correction of hyponatremia, medications, and mechanical pressure are thought to be risk factors. Here, we report a case of a 61-year-old male diagnosed with bilateral CSDH managed by craniotomy and clot evacuation who developed parkinsonism. We share several learnings (clinical pearls) that emerged from the close collaboration and co-learning curve between a family physician and physiotherapist involved in home-based rehabilitation. In conclusion, while managing the postoperative course of patients with CSDH, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for parkinsonism. Early recognition and appropriate management with syndopa with supportive physiotherapy results in significant improvement of function and quality of life. Notably, parkinsonism following SDH is transient and nonprogressive and may not require lifelong therapy.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: A case report of an emerging and rare pathogen of neonatal meningitis isolated from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kannuri Sriram , Gandham Nageswari R. , Das Nikunja Kumar , Vyawahare Chanda R. , Mirza Shahzad
Published: April 2024

Elizabethkingia meningosepticum is ubiquitous in nature, though not a normal human flora but it is an emerging pathogen amongst immunocompromised patients. E. meningosepticum can cause a variety of infections and septicaemia and meningitis have been reported amongst immunocompromised. It is difficult to treat with a high mortality rate. This is likely due to its resistance to commonly used antibiotics for Gram-negative infections. In this report, we present a case of a neonate who was admitted for perinatal hypoxia to the neonatal intensive care unit whose blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture sample grew E. meningosepticum. The patient was initially treated with empiric antibiotics for Gram-negative infections and later linezolid. Considering the organism’s unusual susceptibility, profile close surveillance and rapid identification are needed to assist in appropriate and effective treatment.
Comparative study between ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block and paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Hegazy Selim H , Abd Elghany Mohamed S , Abd Elhafez Ahmed A , Amr Yasser M
Published: April 2024

Background

Adequate perioperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is important for improving patient outcomes. The subcostal transversus abdominis plane (STAP) block and the thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) are types of regional anesthesia that have been used for postoperative analgesia in upper abdominal surgery.

Aim

The aim was to compare the analgesic efficiency and safety of STAP block versus PVB for postoperative analgesia in LC.

Patients and methods

This randomized double-blind study was done on 90 patients, of both sexes, from 18 to 65 years old, with American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II, and scheduled for elective LC. Patients were randomized into three equal groups (n=30): group I received general anesthesia (GA) only, group II received GA and preoperative bilateral ultrasound (US)-guided STAP block, and group III received GA and preoperative bilateral US-guided PVB at T7.

Results

Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and visual analog scale during rest and during cough showed insignificant differences at 30 min, 12, 18, and 24 h after recovery but were significantly lower at 2, 4, and 6 h in STAP and PVB groups compared with the GA group. Meanwhile, there were insignificant differences between STAP and PVB groups during the whole postoperative period. Moreover, the first request of pethidine was significantly longer and the amount of intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative pethidine were significantly lower in STAP and PVB groups than in the GA group.

Conclusion

Bilateral US-guided STAP block and bilateral US-guided PVB are effective and safe analgesic techniques for LC, but pneumothorax should be considered while performing PVB.
Evaluation of melasma in Egyptian female patients clinically and by dermoscopy
Authors: Elhady Mai Mohammed , El Eslam Shaker Engi Seif , Sarhan Naglaa Ibrahim , Elgarhy Lamia Hamouda
Published: April 2024

Background

Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder among Egyptian female patients that can negatively affect their lives.

Aim

To evaluate melasma clinically and by dermoscopy in Egyptian female patients.

Patients and methods

A total of 20 patients with melasma were enrolled in the study. Patients were clinically evaluated by three dermatologists blinded to the protocol through digital image analysis and by dermoscopic pictures to evaluate types and variations of melasma among patients enrolled in the study.

Results

Clinically, melasma is more common in middle-aged female patients with skin type III and by dermoscopy. Network pigment pattern is the most common feature.

Conclusion

Clinical and dermoscopic picture can show variations in melasma types and characteristics among the study sample, which helps in melasma classification and selection of the treatment method.
Correlation between echocardiographic and primary percutaneous coronary intervention for proximal right coronary artery in inferior-wall myocardial infarction
Authors: Ismail Aya E , Abd El Mageed Randa M , Ashmawy Medhat M , El Sheikh Ayman A
Published: April 2024

Background

Diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) of the right ventricle (RV) is difficult. ECG remains the main tool for diagnosis of acute RVMI. For accurate diagnosis of RVMI, angiography can be done to enforce RVMI diagnosis. The physiology of the RV makes it less likely to suffer muscle infarction, but this can happen in cases of acute severe right coronary-artery (RCA) occlusion. Echocardiographic parameters have proven their efficacy in predicting proximal RCA infarction, including annular velocity and tricuspid annular-plane systolic excursion.

Aim

Assessment of the value of RV echocardiographic parameters in the diagnosis of early acute inferior RVMI in relation to coronary angiogram of proximal RCA.

Patients and methods

This prospective study was conducted on 125 patients diagnosed with inferior MI. ECG, echocardiographic RV parameters, and primary percutaneous coronary-intervention technique for proximal RCA were performed for all included patients at the Cardiovascular Medicine Department Tanta University Hospitals from June 2019 to December 2019.

Results

RV infarction occurred mostly in cases of proximal RCA occlusion and few cases with mid-segment of RCA lesion. This was reported by echocardiography using tricuspid annular-plane systolic excursion and S-wave tissue Doppler. Few cases showed impairment in RV function in left circumflex-artery occlusion as culprit vessel reported by echocardiography and the impairment occurred only with S wave. RV function was not affected with left circumflex-artery occlusion as culprit lesion.

Conclusion

Echocardiographic parameters of RV are useful in predicting RVMI due to proximal RCA occlusion.
Early outcomes of drug-coated balloon angioplasty of infrapopliteal lesions in diabetic foot
Authors: Guo Julong , Ye Meng , Zhang Wei , Wu Ziheng , Feng Zibo , Fang Xin , Li Qiang , Sang Hongfei , Shi Zhenyu , Shi Weihao , He Chunshui , Gao Xixiang , Guo Jianming , Tong Zhu , Guo Lianrui
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE:

To evaluate 6-month outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty of infrapopliteal lesions in patients with diabetic foot.

METHODS:

We analyzed 6-month follow-up data from the prospective PRIME-WIFI study with 203 consecutive patientswith diabetic foot who underwent DCB angioplasty for infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease. The primary outcome was freedom from major adverse event (MAE), a composite of major amputation, all-cause death, and clinically-driven target limb reintervention (CD-TLR). Secondary outcomes included amputation-free survival (AFS), freedom from each primary outcome component, and complete wound healing.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 69.78 ± 9.50 years and 61 were female. A total of 271 lesions, with an average length of 26.02 ± 12.94 cm, accepted DCB angioplasty. Both infrapopliteal runoff score and pedal runoff score improved significantly after procedure compared with baseline. The score changes were − 5.73 and − 0.39, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Within 6-month follow-up, 16 of the 203 patients died and 32 (15.76%) were lost to follow-up. By Kaplan–Meier analysis, at 6 months postprocedure, freedom from MAE was 85.77% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.92%–90.91%); AFS was 88.88% (95% CI, 84.49%–93.49%); and freedom from major amputation, all-cause death, and CD-TLR were 95.65% (95% CI, 92.73%–98.65%), 92.57% (95% CI, 88.88%–96.4%), and 95.51% (95% CI, 92.51%–98.61%), respectively. During the 6-month follow up, complete wound healing was achieved in 67.11% patients.

CONCLUSION:

In patients with diabetic foot, DCB angioplasty of infrapopliteal lesions was effective and safe.
Exploring the Capabilities of NeRF in Generating 3D Models
Authors: Fang Shun
Published: April 2024

This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of three cutting-edge techniques in 3D content synthesis: EG3D, DreamFusion, and Magic3D. EG3D, leveraging geometry-aware representations and generative adversarial networks, enables the generation of high-quality 3D shapes. DreamFusion integrates text-to-image diffusion models with neural rendering, opening new horizons for creative expression. Magic3D, on the other hand, extends text-to-image synthesis principles to 3D content creation, synthesizing realistic and detailed models. We delve into the theoretical frameworks, neural network architectures, and loss functions of these techniques, analyzing their experimental results and discussing their strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners, offering insights into the latest advancements and pointing towards future directions for exploration in 3D content synthesis.
A Survey of Data-Driven 2D Diffusion Models for Generating Images from Text
Authors: Fang Shun
Published: April 2024

This paper explores recent advances in generative modeling, focusing on DDPMs, HighLDM, and Imagen. DDPMs utilize denoising score matching and iterative refinement to reverse diffusion processes, enhancing likelihood estimation and lossless compression capabilities. HighLDM breaks new ground with high-res image synthesis by conditioning latent diffusion on efficient autoencoders, excelling in tasks through latent space denoising with cross-attention for adaptability to diverse conditions. Imagen combines transformer-based language models with HD diffusion for cutting-edge text-to-image generation. It uses pre-trained language encoders to generate highly realistic and semantically coherent images, surpassing competitors based on FID scores and human evaluations in DrawBench and similar benchmarks. The review critically examines each model's methods, contributions, performance, and limitations, providing a comprehensive comparison of their theoretical underpinnings and practical implications. The aim is to inform future generative modeling research across various applications.
Adjoint Reidemeister torsions of some 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries
Authors: Wakijo Naoko
Published: April 2024

We determine the adjoint Reidemeister torsion of a
$3$
-manifold obtained by some Dehn surgery along K, where K is either the figure-eight knot or the
$5_2$
-knot. As in a vanishing conjecture (Benini et al. (2020, Journal of High Energy Physics 2020, 57), Gang et al. (2020, Journal of High Energy Physics 2020, 164), and Gang et al. (2021, Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 25, 1819–1845)), we consider a similar conjecture and show that the conjecture holds for the 3-manifold.
Assessment of Condensation Particle Counter-Based Portable Solid
Particle Number System for Applications with High Water Content in
Exhaust
Authors: Khan M. Yusuf , Agarwal Nikhilesh , Panda Sampad , Desai Atharva Tushar , Wilkinson John C. , Chaille Evan , Vats Shekhar , Salemme Tina L. , Ragupathy Thinnesh
Published: April 2024

The Particle Number–Portable Emission Measurement System (PN-PEMS) came into
force with Euro VI Phase E regulations starting January 1, 2022. However,
positive ignition (PI) engines must comply from January 1, 2024. The delay was
due to the unavailability of the PN-PEMS system that could withstand high
concentrations of water typically present in the tailpipe (TP) of CNG vehicles,
which was detrimental to the PN-PEMS systems. Thus, this study was designed to
evaluate the condensation particle counter (CPC)-based PN-PEMS measurement
capabilities that was upgraded to endure high concentration of water. The
PN-PEMS measurement of solid particle number (SPN23) greater than 23
nm was compared against the laboratory-grade PN systems in four phases. Each
phase differs based upon the PN-PEMS and PN system location and measurements
were made from three different CNG engines. In the first phase, systems measured
the diluted exhaust through constant volume sampler (CVS) tunnel. Data generated
from the 15 test cycles reported −13(±5)% error from the PN-PEMS system. In the
second phase, PN-PEMS was relocated to the TP location and reported an error of
10(±26)%. In the third phase, measurements were made from the raw test cell
where PN-PEMS measured from the TP and PN system extracted samples from the
partial flow dilution system (PFDS). Data from 31 test cycles reported a −5(±9)%
error. In the final phase, the PN system also measured alongside PN-PEMS from
the TP and the correlation further improved, and subsequently the error was
reduced to −3(±7)%. Overall, data from 96 test cycles showed that PN-PEMS
measured within ±15% of the PN system, which concluded that the CPC-based
PN-PEMS is suitable for measuring CNG engine exhaust and the performance is
equivalent to the measurements from diesel engines. This data suggests that the
SPN23 measurements from TP could provide better understanding of
the real-world measurements.
Aspirin interruption before neurosurgical interventions: A controversial problem
Authors: Kulikov Alexander , Konovalov Anton , Pugnaloni Pier Paolo , Bilotta Federico
Published: April 2024

Aspirin is widely used for primary or secondary prevention of ischemic events. At the same time, chronic aspirin consumption can affect blood clot formation during surgical intervention and increase intraoperative blood loss. This is especially important for high-risk surgery, including neurosurgery. Current European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend aspirin interruption for at least 7 d before neurosurgical intervention, but this suggestion is not supported by clinical evidence. This narrative review presents evidence that challenges the necessity for aspirin interruption in neurosurgical patients, describes options for aspirin effect monitoring and the clinical implication of these methods, and summarizes current clinical data on bleeding risk associated with chronic aspirin therapy in neurosurgical patients, including brain tumor surgery, cerebrovascular procedures, and spinal surgery.
Zakres związania pracodawcy wnioskiem o pracę zdalną – uwagi na temat pojęć rodzaju i organizacji pracy w ujęciu systemowym
Authors: Rumian jakub
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the employee’s right to remote work. The author considers the issue of the scope of binding the employer with the application of employees who are entitled to submit an application for remote work. The aim of the article is to discuss the grounds for refusing an employee’s application and their interpretation from the point of view of the entire labor law system. In the final part of this study, author tries to show sanctions for employer, who refuses employee’s application with infridgment legal regulations.
Fluoride removal from wastewater and potential for resource recovery: Comparative studies between different treatment technologies
Authors: Sinharoy Arindam , Chung Chong Min
Published: April 2024

Water sources contaminated with fluoride provide a serious health hazard to people all over the world. The major sources of this fluoride pollution are modern industrial processes such as semiconductor manufacturing, steel making, glass industry, etc. which relied upon fluorine-based chemicals. This review paper highlights the advantages, drawbacks, methods, and efficiency of the several methods used to remove fluoride from water such as coagulation, electrocoagulation, ion exchange resin, adsorption, fluidized bed crystallization, membrane-based procedures (including nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and pervaporation). Each technique is assessed according to its cost-effectiveness, operational complexity, removal efficiency, and applicability for various scales of water treatment application. Furthermore, included in the study are important aspects affecting the choice of fluoride removal technology, such as sustainability concerns, regulatory compliance, and water quality. In addition, current developments and developing patterns in fluoride elimination technologies are examined to offer perspectives on future avenues for investigation. By combining the body of current knowledge, this study attempts to educate decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners in the area of water treatment on the most recent advancements and best practices for reducing fluoride contamination in water sources.
PRODUCTION OF Ni-HARD ALLOY POWDERS BY GAS ATOMIZATION
Authors: Muratal Onur , Yamanoğlu Rıdvan , Duran Can , Gönülalan Yiğit , Akyıldız Yağız , Koç Funda Gül , Barutçuoğlu Burak
Published: April 2024

Ni-Hard cast iron materials are frequently used in equipment where high wear resistance is required in industrial applications. Generally, Ni-Hard is produced by conventional casting techniques. In this study, it was aimed to produce Ni-Hard powders to produce Ni-Hard cast iron materials with additive manufacturing techniques. To produce spherical and fine raw materials for additive manufacturing techniques, the gas atomization technique with a close-coupled nozzle system was preferred for the production of Ni-Hard powders. Ni-Hard alloy was melted in a high-frequency 10kW induction furnace under a protective atmosphere integrated into the gas atomization system. During the atomization process, 150 °C superheating was applied to prevent the liquid metal from freezing and clogging the melt delivery tube. In terms of the continuity of the atomization process, the negative pressure (aspiration pressure) values formed at the end of the melt delivery tube at different gas pressures were measured. An aspiration pressure of -50 mbar was obtained under an atomization pressure of 35 bar. Particle size distributions, hall flow behaviour and angle of repose properties of the produced powders were determined. Finally, the characterization of the powders was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the powders obtained as a result of atomization exhibited a spherical morphology and a narrow size range. The Hall flow rate test result of Ni-Hard powders was measured as 22 seconds for 50 g.
Prim Üretimi Yüksek Bankalarda Bankasürans ve Karlılık İlişkisinin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Özcan Hakan , Çelik Ali , Timuray Tayfun
Published: April 2024

Türkiye’de sigorta şirketleri tarafından yapılan prim üretiminin yaklaşık ¼’ü banka kaynaklıdır.
Günümüz bankacılık sisteminde kâr sadece kullandırılan kredilerden değil aynı zamanda diğer
bankacılık faaliyetlerinden elde edilen komisyon gelirlerinden de oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2013-
2023 arasındaki yıllar kapsamında hayat, kasko ve ferdi kaza prim üretimi gibi seçilmiş sigorta
değişkenlerinin Türkiye’de sigorta prim üretimi en yüksek 5 bankanın net kâr marjını hangi oranda
etkilediğini tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda elde edilen dirençli panel tahmin sonuçlarına göre
diğer etkenler sabitken, kasko prim üretimindeki %1’lik artışın bankaların net karını %0,65 düzeyinde
yükselttiği, hayat prim üretimindeki %1’lik artışın ise bankaların net karını %0,53 düzeyinde
yükselteceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Uso Da Casca De Ovo Como Fase Estacionária Alternativa Para Cromatografia Líquida Clássica Em Coluna
Authors: Veloso Pedro Henrique Fonseca , Sacramento Veronica de Melo , Royo Vanessa de Andrade
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: realizar a cromatografia liquida clássica em coluna usando como fase estacionária a sílica, e como material alternativo cascas de ovos pulverizadas. Metodologia: trata-se de pesquisa investigativa, na qual foi testada um material alternativo para o preenchimento da coluna cromatográfica clássica. Para análise da capacidade de adsorção e eluição do material, utilizou-se o extrato de Tradescantia pallida purpúrea (Rose). Etanol 70º foi utilizado como fase móvel e as frações eluidas foram coletadas em tubos de ensaio (2 mL aproximadamente). Resultados: A separação dos pigmentos vegetais na eluição ocorreu de forma homogênea tanto na sílica quanto na casca de ovo. Foram coletadas 14 frações da coluna com sílica e 16 da coluna com cascas de ovos, no qual supõe a separação de antocianinas, carotenoides e clorofilas, respectivamente. O material alternativo é composto por carbonato de cálcio, mesmo composto utilizado por Tswett para desenvolvimento da técnica. Considerações finais: A atividade realizada focou-se na utilização de uma fase estacionária alternativa que além de ser de fácil acesso, constitui-se de resíduo doméstico que não gera custos na obtenção. Assim, é viável o uso de casca de ovo pulverizada como enchimento (fase estacionária) em práticas de cromatografia em coluna, para demonstração de separação de pigmentos.
Francisco Giner de los Ríos y las trayectorias del liberalismo social español
Authors: Monereo Pérez José Luis
Published: April 2024

En Francisco Giner de los Ríos (Ronda, 1839-Madrid, 1919), al igual que otros autores liberales progresistas como es el caso J. Dewey, Hobhouse y el primer Laski, y dentro de la misma corriente específica del krausista español Adolfo Posada, la educación es uno de los pilares de la democracia, pues de lo que se trata es de formar hombres (“personas” diríamos en el lenguaje inclusivo de hoy) con capacidad de decisión; de formar ciudadanos libres. La educación del ciudadano en y para la democracia es una constante de la teoría de la democracia y se le ha vinculado como una condición existencial para que se puede producir un debate público en la sociedad y en el proceso de toma de decisiones en las sociedades democráticas, siendo el debate un momento dinámico que precede a la decisión en el marco de una política deliberativa y de la política participativa de todos los individuos (dándoles voz) a través de distintos mecanismos pluralistas creados en la sociedad civil.
Desde su “ideal de la humanidad” krausista pensaba que el Derecho –y la aspiración hacia la justicia social que la acompaña- estaba incrustado en el corazón del desarrollo social: su organicismo democrático-social era también evolucionismo social. En consecuencia, el progreso social es una ley vida, que, sin embargo, necesitaba ser impulsada a través de las reformas adecuadas. A través de ese organicismo social los intelectuales krausistas más inquietos acabarían vinculando el liberalismo social orgánico con el intervencionismo estatal no autoritario. Esa intervención debería ser correctora de las disfuncionalidades sociales y económicas de la modernización industrial (la “cuestión social”).
Las ideas de Francisco Giner de los Ríos y su puesta en práctica a través de acciones institucionales y sociopolíticas han sido un factor determinante en el desarrollo de la cultura y del pensamiento social y  pedagógico en España, con una gran repercusión en Latinoamérica.
İklim ‘Mülteci’lerinin Hukuki Statü Açmazı ve Bu Açmazın Durumlarına Etkileri
Authors: Erayman İbrahim Oğulcan
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışma iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini en erken ve en şiddetli şekilde hisseden/hissedecek kişiler olarak iklim ‘mülteci’lerinin durumlarını daha da zorlaştıran bir faktör olarak kavramsal karmaşa ve hukuki statü eksikliğinin doğurduğu sorunları açmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamız içerisinde kavramsal karmaşayla, iklim ‘mülteci’lerini karşılamak için literatürde araştırmacıların birbirinden farklı kavramları kullanmalarını ve bunun neticesinde oluşan bir ortak tanım sorununu işaret ediyoruz. Biz bu yönde ‘mülteci’ ifadesini tercih ettik çünkü iklim krizi neticesinde yerlerinden olan/olacak kişiler, her ne kadar uluslararası hukuk anlamında ‘mülteci’ olarak tanımlanmasa da durumlarının aciliyeti ve uluslararası korumaya muhtaç pozisyonlarını vurgulamak bakımından ‘göçmen’ terimi yerini ‘mülteci’ teriminin kullanılmasının daha yerinde olacağını öne sürüyoruz. Hukuki statü eksikliği ise, iklim krizi gibi dünyanın yüzleşmek durumunda kaldığı mevcut en ciddi ve yıkıcı fenomenin etkilerine ilk ve en şiddetli biçimde maruz kalacak kişilerin hukuki statülerini evrensel olarak belirleyen ve ilgili statü gereği uluslararası koruma sağlayan herhangi bir evrensel bağlayıcı metnin bulunmamasını işaret ediyoruz. Nihayetinde böylesi bir hukuki tanım ve korumadan mahrum kalan kişilerin durumunun, önümüzdeki yıllarda iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini daha da hissettirmesiyle birlikte daha da kritik bir hal alacağını iddia ediyor ve bazı çözüm önerilerini çerçeveleyerek çalışmamızı sonlandırıyoruz.
Design of a Corn Shelling Machine with an Elastic Collision System Using Iron Chains
Authors:   Musamus University Merauke – Indonesia
Published: April 2024

Corn is an agricultural product that is in great demand among farmers, because the process and care methods are not too difficult and the lifespan of corn from planting to post-harvest is 2 months. In the general production process, during shelling, many farmers still use the method of shelling using their hands or simple tools, so it requires quite a long production time. The reason people still shell them using their hands or tools is because the price of the machines is too expensive and they don't even know about corn shelling machines. The machine designed to develop a simple corn sheller for use by farmers in Merauke Regency has a capacity of ± 300 kg/hour. The impact system is used in this shelling machine to reduce the impact on the corn kernels. For this reason, in corn shelling, iron chains are used that can move elastically and flexibly.
Clustering of Countries Based on Fertilizer Consumption
Authors: Rajarathinam Arunachalam
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study investigates fertilizer consumption patterns across 41 countries from 1961 to 2021. Descriptive statistics reveal substantial variation in average fertilizer use (kg/hectare) and variability between countries. Statistical analyses confirm significant differences in consumption patterns, with fertilizer consumption identified as a major explanatory factor. Cluster analysis further differentiates countries into two groups based on their consumption levels. These findings highlight the need to consider fertilizer use within a country-specific context. Further research exploring the underlying factors driving these variations and their impact on crop yields could inform strategies for optimizing fertilizer use and promoting agricultural sustainability.

JEL classification numbers: E18, HO, I1, J64, J88.
Keywords: ANOVA, MANOVA, Cluster analysis, Inter and intra-cluster distance.
Accessing Health Information and Health Services
Authors: Araújo Rita , Van Weert Julia C. M.
Published: April 2024

European health communication is rich and diverse in terms of international perspectives, scientific approaches and topics. The ECREA Aarhus Best Papers special issue showcases this diversity. It features the best papers presented at the health communication section of the ECREA conference, which took place in Aarhus in 2022. Four papers were selected for publication through a comprehensive evaluation procedure.
Growth Attributes of Maize (Zea Mays L) Crop and Nutrient Uptake as impacted by Sulphur and Micronutrients Application
Authors: Heena A. Magodia  , Pooja. V. Jagasia  , Archana. P. Kale
Published: April 2024

Maize, also known as the "queen of cereals," is a highly nutritious crop that requires a significant amount of nutrients to grow. It is particularly sensitive to deficiency of sulphur. It plays a significant role in the synthesis of chlorophyll, oil, and protein. A field experiment was conducted at Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited in Mumbai, Maharashtra, during the Kharif season 2023, to assess the impact of elemental sulphur application and foliar spray of multi micronutrient on maize plant growth and uptake of nutrients by maize as well as the post-harvest status of soil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments that were replicated six times each. T1 is the absolute control, T2 is 100% RDF, T3 is the RDF NPK with 45 kg/ha of elemental S, T4 is the RDF NPK with 45 kg/ha coupled with foliar spray of multi micronutrient, and T5 is the RDF NPK with foliar spray of multi micronutrient. The results indicated that application of 45 kg of S per hectare, in combination with a foliar spray of multi micronutrients, resulted in remarkable growth parameters of maize crops. These included plant height, cob height, yield (in kg/ha), dry weight per plant and also the uptake of essential nutrients. This was markedly higher when compared to the other treatments. Except 100 grain weight which was at par with other treatments. While girth of cob and protein content were found non-significant.  The study reports suggest that the combined use of S and multimicronutrient in maize crop positively impact the uptake of nutrients and growth attributes.
Enhancing DDoS Attack Detection and Network Resilience Through Ensemble-Based Packet Processing and Bandwidth Optimization
Authors: Amit Dogra  , Taqdir
Published: April 2024

It is critical to identify Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks to preserve network integrity and guarantee continuous service delivery. Our research suggests a novel way to lower the network's packet drop ratio and improve the accuracy of DDoS attack detection. Conventional techniques occasionally just use anomaly detection or signature-based detection, which might not be sufficient to protect against DDoS assault schemes that are always changing. To increase the precision and resilience of DDoS detection, our system incorporates several detection strategies, such as signature-based, anomaly-based, and machine learning-based techniques. Additionally, we use network traffic analysis and anomaly detection tools to quickly discover and block harmful traffic patterns. During suspected DDoS attempts, we dynamically modify network parameters and reroute data to reduce the packet drop ratio and maintain service for authorized users. Additionally, our system has feedback systems that allow us to continuously adjust and improve detection algorithms, improving the overall dependability and effectiveness of DDoS attack detection. We illustrate how successfully our method lowers packet drop ratios and strengthens network resilience against DDoS attacks using both simulation and real-world experience.