bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive and synergistic interactions of entomopathogenic fungi with Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Beris Evangelos , Korkas Elias
Published: August 2021

Background

The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is currently the most damaging pest in many viticultural regions across the Mediterranean basin and elsewhere. Its feeding activity also enhances the development of secondary infections by Botrytis cinerea - and other fungi - to wine grapes. The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been reported to partially control larval populations of L. botrana, while it requires to be digested by the insect to cause infection. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are possibly capable of acting synergistically with Bt to increase its efficacy against insect pests.

Results

The hypothesis of synergy or antagonism between Bt and EPF for the control of L. botrana was tested in two bioassays: A) Insects fed on Bt diet and subsequently some groups were sprayed by conidia of Beauveria bassiana or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, and B) Grapes were sprayed by Bt, or B. bassiana, or combination of the two, and then untreated insects were placed to feed on the grapes. In both bioassays, combination treatments performed better than single treatments, indicating additive action or synergy. The Bt and B. bassiana combination treatment (Bt diet for 30 h and then sprayed with conidia of B. bassiana) resulted in 91% larval mortality while the single Bt and B. bassiana treatments caused 28% and 34% mortality respectively. Such results indicated synergism. Combination treatment on grapes also caused significantly higher mortality on L. botrana larvae, compared to single treatments. The median lethal time (LT50) was estimated as 8.43 days for the single Bt treatment, 7.87 days for the single B. bassiana treatment and 6.3 days for the combination Bt + B. bassiana treatment.

Conclusions

Absence of antagonism as well as additive action or synergy were indicated by the results. Larval populations of the pest can be effectively controlled by using microbial biocontrol agents. Further research is needed to investigate the biotic and abiotic factors that affect interactions between insect hosts and entomopathogenic organisms. However, the entomopathogens used in the present study showed remarkable action and may be included parallelly in control strategies against vineyard pests.
The efficacy of low dose short-term prednisone therapy for remission induction in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Stacy John M. , Greenmyer Jacob R. , Beal James R. , Sahmoun Abe E. , Diri Erdal
Published: August 2021

Background

The ACR/EULAR recommendations endorse the use of glucocorticoids (GCs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ flares and as a bridge to a DMARD. However, the recommendation of low dose short-term monotherapy with (GCs) remains open to the discretion of the clinician. The aim of this study was to assess whether a short-term use of low dose prednisone monotherapy was effective in inducing remission in newly diagnosed RA patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients newly diagnosed with RA at a Community Health Center in North Dakota was performed based on the ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patients’ medical charts. Patients treated with (< 10 mg/day) of prednisone up to 6 months were included. Response to prednisone was analyzed according to pre- and post-treatment DAS28-ESR score and EULAR response criteria.

Results

Data on 201 patients were analyzed. The mean prednisone dose was 8 mg/day (range: 5–10; SD = 1.2) and the mean treatment duration was 42.2 days (12–177; 16.9). Disease severity significantly improved from baseline to follow-up for: tender joint count (8.6 ± 4.8 vs. 1.5 ± 3.3; P < 0.001), swollen joint count (6.2 ± 5.0 vs. 1.4 ± 3.0; P < 0.001), and visual analog pain score (4.8 ± 2.6 vs. 2.1 ± 2.5; P < 0.001). DAS28-ESR disease severity significantly improved from baseline to follow-up: (5.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.3; P < 0.001). Per EULAR response criteria, 69.7% of patients showed good response to treatment and 20.4% showed moderate response. 54.2% of patients reached remission.

Conclusion

Short-term use of low dose prednisone monotherapy induced disease remission and improved clinical severity of RA in the majority of newly diagnosed patients.
Maintaining laboratory quality assurance and safety in a pandemic: Experiences from the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme laboratory’s COVID-19 response
Authors: Gumba Horace , Opiyo Michael , Musyoki Jennifer , Mutunga Martin , Ngetsa Caroline , Mwarumba Salim , Mosobo Moses , Njuguna Susan , Kai Oscar , Lambisia Arnold W. , Kimani Domtila , Cheruiyot Robinson , Kiyuka Patience , Lewa Clement , Gicheru Elijah , Tendwa Metrine , Said Mohammed Khadija , Osoti Victor , Makale Johnstone , Tawa Brian , Odundo Calleb , Cheruiyot Wesley , Nyamu Wilfred , Gumbi Wilson , Mwacharo Jedidah , Nyamako Lydia , Otieno Edward , Amadi David , Ouma Nelson , Karia Boniface , Thoya Janet , Karani Angela , Mugo Daisy , Gichuki Bonface M. , Riako Debra , Mutua Shadrack , Gitonga John N. , Ominde Kelly , Wanjiku Perpetual , Mutiso Agnes , Mwanzu Alfred , Sein Yiakon , Bartilol Brian , Mwangi Shaban , Omuoyo Donwilliams O. , Morobe John M. , de Laurent Zaydah R. , Mitsanze Fredrick , Mwakubia Alfred , Rono Martin , Nyaguara Amek , Tsofa Benjamin , Bejon Philip , Agoti Charles N. , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella
Published: August 2021

Laboratory diagnosis plays a critical role in the containment of a pandemic. Strong laboratory quality management systems (QMS) are essential for laboratory diagnostic services. However, low laboratory capacities in resource-limited countries has made the maintenance of laboratory quality assurance, especially during a pandemic, a daunting task. In this paper, we describe our experience of how we went about providing diagnostic testing services for SARS-CoV-2 through laboratory reorganization, redefining of the laboratory workflow, and training and development of COVID-19 documented procedures, all while maintaining the quality assurance processes during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) laboratory. The KWTRP laboratory managed to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak in Kenya by providing diagnostic testing for the coastal region of the country, while maintaining its research standard quality assurance processes. A COVID-19 team comprising of seven sub-teams with assigned specific responsibilities and an organizational chart with established reporting lines were developed. Additionally, a total of four training sessions were conducted for county Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) and laboratory personnel. A total of 11 documented procedures were developed to support the COVID-19 testing processes, with three for the pre-analytical phases, seven for the analytical phase, and one for the post-analytical phase.

With the workflow re-organization, the development of appropriate standard operating procedures, and training, research laboratories can effectively respond to pandemic outbreaks while maintaining research standard QMS procedures.
Resistance to Digital Transformation Projects in FMCG Companies
Authors: Blyukov A.
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the reasons for resistance to digital transformation projects in FMCG companies. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for mitigating resistance. Within the framework of the study, an in-depth analysis of existing theoretical approaches and a quantitative analysis based on a sample of more than 60 respondents working in the FMCG sector were carried out. It was found that employees are prone to resistance in the absence of trust in the company's management and the project as a whole. At the same time, the fear of losing a job reduces the willingness to get involved in digitalization projects for people with higher education, while for people without it, maintaining employment is not decisive. It was also revealed that employees of FMCG companies are unwilling to overwork and disrupt the work-life balance, regardless of their attitude to digitalization. Finally, it turned out that employees working remotely are less likely to resist digital transformation projects.
Las Überlegungen VII-XI. El inicio de un proceso que pasa por tres fases.
Authors: Rojas Jiménez Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo pretende situar el inicio de la Spätphilosophie Heideggers en torno a la toma de conciencia de un “error” confesado en las Überlegungen VII-XI. Se propone partir de aquí para reconstruir la ruptura con su etapa anterior y para sugerir una clasificación de distintas etapas dentro de esa Spätphilosophie Heideggers que se piensa habitualmente e injustamente, añadiría yo- sin distinciones ni matizaciones dentro de lo que generalmente se ha designado como filosofía del Heidegger II
The Limits of Care in Heidegger: Self-Interest and The WellBeing of the World.
Authors: Schaefer Max
Published: August 2021

This paper seeks to establish the limits in Heidegger’s account of how human beings are with one another in the world. Toward this end, we will examine Heidegger’s finding that human beings exist in the world as care, as a finite movement that needs to seek the perseverance and growth of its being. We will be brought to find that, in Heidegger’s thought, this finite movement is essentially worldly and holistic, and that this means that the essential formal structure of human relations is that of reciprocity. The form and limit of such relations of reciprocity will be pursued by examining Heidegger’s account of how these relations are lived in inauthentic and authentic ways. In the case of the former, we will find that human relations abide by a logic of tit-for-tat. In the latter case, however, such relations of reciprocity will be seen to open onto and foster the growth of the wellbeing of the world as a whole. In closing, we will ask whether Heidegger’s account of our finite movement in the world can accommodate relations of non-reciprocity.
El texto que obra: La filosofía como (si) arte.
Authors: Segovia Carlos
Published: August 2021

Este texto lee, desde el punto de vista de Derrida, la controversia entre Heidegger y Schapiro acerca de ciertas botas pintadas por Van Gogh. Se discute aquí la maniobra del especialista como apropiación indebida cuando Schapiro dice de forma implícita y perversa: yo soy el dueño de las botas de Van Gogh. Se discute el concepto de verdad que Heidegger propone para el arte. Finalmente, se propone la figura del filósofo como escritor y, por tanto, como artista.
UMA ANÁLISE DAS RELAÇÕES ENTRE OS JOGOS E A COMPETIÇÃO NO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA: UMA QUESTÃO DE MEDIAÇÃO
Authors: Menezes Fabio , Rente Alessandra , Cassiano Adriana , Ornellas Carolina
Published: August 2021

Impulsionados por saber quais aspectos emergem das relações entre o ensino-aprendizagem da matemática através do uso de jogos, incluímos em nossas análises as situações onde os jogos podem ou não virar uma competição dependendo de uma mediação docente. Usamos como instrumento para a produção de dados um jogo desenvolvido pelo primeiro autor deste trabalho no programa Scratch, que leva ideias e compreensões intuitivas sobre a soma e subtração de números inteiros positivos e negativos já nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, no nosso caso, no 2º ano de escolaridade. Usamos uma lente analítica que dialoga teorias sobre competição, recursos e aprendizagem em coletividade. Nossos resultados apontam para uma real e cuidadosa mudança de desenvolvimento comportamental e sociológico dos estudantes quando mudamos um estilo de mediação e fazemos um jogo virar competição, sugerindo que a aprendizagem se compromete, pois, aspectos da violência foram verificados desvirtuando o foco da matemática a ser aprendida.
APRENDIZAGEM COOPERATIVA: PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA AVALIATIVA, SOCIALIZADORA E DIFERENCIADA
Authors: Battestin Cláudia , Piovezana Leonel , Budin Jesse , Lang Greicy Gadler
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo resulta de uma investigação de cunho teórico - bibliográfico seguido de observações e entrevistas realizadas em visitações na Escola Básica Municipal Clara Urmann Rosa do município de Chapecó. O principal objetivo foi de identificar e analisar como se caracterizam as práticas de avaliação formativa nesta escola, e como estas contribuem para a melhoria do desempenho escolar dos estudantes. O texto dialoga com os professores e se constrói com o relato de experiências interativa da Rede Municipal envolvida no projeto de forma cooperativada: Professores, estudantes, escola e comunidade. Constatamos que a metodologia da Aprendizagem Cooperativa é uma prática inovadora e com resultados positivos nos processos ensino aprendizagem e que o diferencial das práticas da escola está na cooperação, alteridade e promoção de humanidades.
ONDE E QUANDO CULTURA QUER DIZER LIBERDADE E CRIATIVIDADE
Authors: Gomes Paulo Cesar Da Costa
Published: August 2021

O artigo demonstra como os sucessivos Simpósios sobre Espaço e Cultura, organizados pelo NEPEC, assim como a revista Espaço e Cultura, consolidaram um espaço de liberdade temática e teórico-metodológica na Geografia brasileira. Para isso o autor comenta três de suas contribuições apresentadas nesses eventos.
DINÂMICAS HÍBRIDAS DE DEVOÇÃO EM SANTUÁRIOS-TERREIROS: PARA GEOGRAFAR TURISMO RELIGIOSO
Authors: De Oliveira Christian Dennys Monteiro
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo se caracteriza como uma proposta temática de investigação a partir da junção de dois conceitos territoriais – santuário e terreiro – como base de renovação dos modelos de estudo do Turismo Religioso. O texto é desenvolvido como um projeto cujo ponto de partida é a ideia-chave de “hibridismo cultural”, um alicerce às práticas de visitação turístico-religiosas em espaços devocionais, que no estado do Ceará podem, metodologicamente, ser considerados “santuários-terreiros” em perspectiva complexa. Alguns exemplos dessa nova abordagem estão fundamentados na força da ideia de Religiosidade Turística, que amplia dos espaços centrais de visitação para os múltiplos e marginais espaços de ritualização – no indivíduo, na coletividade e nas paisagens de encenação para ambos. Além de rotas e percursos de tradições comunitárias, vivenciadas em regime de peregrinação, encontros cerimoniais e eventos marginais, capazes de substituir o velho catolicismo “popular” por formas tão católicas quanto laicas das viagens de orientação religiosa. Exemplificação para fechar o estudo, será utilizada a letra da canção do compositor Chico César - A Prosa Impúrpura de Caicó (https://www.letras.mus.br/chico-cesar/45189/) - ao retratar os sentimentos híbridos que envolvem um território sagrado e híbrido como o Santuário de Nossa Senhora da Saúde, no município de Tabuleiro do Norte, Estado do Ceará.
O corpo a corpo feminista nas ruas e nas telas
Authors: Da Silva Geisa Rodrigues Leite
Published: August 2021

No cenário atual do retorno da potência das lutas e reivindicações feministas, e eclosão das novas tecnologias e redes,  inúmeros materiais audiovisuais têm sido produzidos e difundidos tanto para efeito de registro, como disseminação das manifestações nas ruas. Esta produção audiovisual tem como característica um redimensionamento do papel político do corpo da mulher, em que a exposição e a performance promovem uma manipulação produtiva da potência política dos corpos femininos. Tais produtos também se caracterizam pela articulação de diferentes formatos narrativos e criativos, apresentando elementos estéticos transgressores, que merecem ser elucidados. No presente artigo propomos uma análise de alguns destes vídeos, articulada a  pressupostos teóricos do feminismo contemporâneo, para evidenciar de que forma os encontros dos corpos nas ruas e nas telas se retroalimentam, apresentando uma alternativa eficaz de ocupação e proliferação das pautas políticas femininas.
GUARDIÃS DO PASSADO: A POESIA COMO SALVAGUARDA DA MEMÓRIA DO PACÍFICO NA ANTOLOGÍA DE MUJERES POETAS AFROCOLOMBIANAS
Authors: Vivas Banguera Julián , Amim Valéria
Published: August 2021

A poesia afro que nasce na costa do Pacífico colombiano está ancorada nas mulheres que salvaguardam em suas narrativas o passado de seus povos e desafiam o silenciamento a que foram historicamente submetidas pelo sistema-mundo patriarcal e racista de Occidente. Esta pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, visa identificar os elementos da memória coletiva (NORA, 1993; CANDAU; 2018) das comunidades negras do Pacífico colombiano presentes na Antologia de Mulheres Poetas Afro-Colombianas (2010), a mais “abrangente e completa” compilação de escritoras afro-colombianas do último século. Nesse sentido, focaremos nosso olhar em analisar, a partir das teorias de N'gom (2015) e Freja de la Hoz (2010), como as poetas reescrevem a história de suas comunidades e usam a literatura como método de ‘re-existência’ que ajuda a fertilizar novos discursos de identidade sobre o que significa ser ‘Afro-Pacífico’. Além disso, o texto examina como, em diálogo com o feminismo negro (LUGONES, 2018; AKOTIRENE, 2019), as ‘autoras-povo’ denunciam em seus versos as opressões do sistema sexo/gênero que ainda subjuga as feminilidades da diáspora africana.
Estimating Photosynthetically Active Radiation Intercepted by Almond and Walnut Trees using UAV-Captured Aerial Images and Solar Zenith Angle
Authors: Rojo Francisco , Dhillon Rajveer , Upadhyaya Shrinivasa K. , Liu Hunjun , Roach Jedediah
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Measurement of canopy light interception data using a ground-based mobile system.

Using UAV-captured aerial images and zenith angle to estimate canopy light interception at different times of the day.

Identifying boundaries of individual trees using the maximum likelihood estimator and the watershed algorithm.

Abstract.
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) absorbed by the leaves is a key piece of information to study the crop response to environmental conditions that could be used to estimate crop production potential. Canopies in a commercial orchard present differences in their capability to intercept light mainly due to the spatial variability in canopy development. There is a need for developing tools that could capture spatial variability in PAR interception to predict potential yield. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) present an interesting alternative to provide this information, as they cover a larger area than ground-based systems in a shorter period with high spatial resolution. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the shadow of a tree derived from a ground-based canopy light interception scan obtained using a lightbar mounted on a mobile platform and that acquired from UAV Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images. Information acquired by an UAV was classified to separate canopy from its shadow, grass and sunlit soil using maximum likelihood estimator. Boundaries of individual trees were identified based on their positions using watershed transform algorithm. The relationship between canopy PAR interception data, sun angle in the sky (zenith angle), and the information derived from aerial images was analyzed. Coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.92 and 0.88 were found for the multiple linear regression between PAR, the shadow area and the cosine of zenith angle obtained for almond and walnut crops, respectively. Moreover, R2 values of 0.81 and 0.86 were found for the relationship between the shadow’s area obtained underneath the canopy and the shadow’s area obtained from the UAV images and the cosine of the zenith angle for almond and walnut crops, respectively. The results show that the PAR interception can be estimated using the zenith angle and the area of the shadow, which can be obtained from a RGB aerial image. Keywords: Almond, Canopy segmentation, Image classification, PAR interception, Shadow area, UAV, Walnut.
Study on the Siphon Effect of the Development of Agricultural Electronic Commerce Industry among Regions
Authors: Li Ling Jiu , Xie Jian Bao , Yu Liang Yan
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Agricultural e-commerce is a new industry worth studying.

Statistical model of regional siphon effect.

This article uses micro data, which is obtained by web crawler software.

Abstract
. “Siphon effect” on the regional economy has become increasingly prominent, but mathematical analysis has been a shortcoming in this field. The existing research on the siphon effect is mainly theoretical analysis. Results there is a lack of quantitative analysis in this field. Therefore, the author constructs a new “siphon effect” model based on the previous research experience and regional economic operation mechanism analysis. The model uses Alibaba e-commerce platform data to analyze the siphon effect in the spatial pattern of agricultural e-commerce (AE) development. The results show that there is a siphon effect because the spatial distribution of agricultural e-commerce development is V-shaped, and the online agricultural product operators in the central cities occupy the consumer market in other cities. What is more important is that the seizure of market space has hindered the healthy and comprehensive development of the region’s industry. Finally, the article discusses the source of competitive advantage of the operators of agricultural e-commerce in central cities from two aspects: the basis of the processing industry and the effect of sales scale. Keywords: Agriculture E-commerce (AE), Industrial agglomeration, Siphon effect, Spatial distribution.
As vivências dos fisioterapeutas das equipes do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) em Belém do Pará) sobre as repercussões do vírus Chikungunya
Authors: Souza Amanda Jordana Silva , Alcântara Rita Crista Cotta , De Almeida Christian Pacheco , Ferreira Tereza Cristina dos Reis
Published: August 2021

No ano de 2014, foi mencionado na literatura o risco de disseminação do vírus Chikungunya e a necessidade do fortalecimento do combate ao Aedes aegypti no Brasil. Com isso, em 2017, o Ministério da Saúde lançou um programa com a finalidade de evitar a disseminação do Aedes aegypti. Entretanto, no mesmo ano, o país passou por uma epidemia de vírus Chikungunya. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com os fisioterapeutas do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), na cidade de Belém. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, processados no IRAMUTEQ e feita análise de similitude e nuvem de palavras. De acordo com a árvore de coocorrência sobre análise de similitude, foram percebidas indicações de conexidade entre os termos: “não”, “paciente”, “dor” e “Chikungunya”. A palavra “não” foi a de maior frequência no corpus. Dessa forma, teve o sentido de desconhecimento e/ou dispor de informações limitadas acerca da patologia Chikungunya. O estudo apontou que, na percepção dos profissionais, o trabalho depende de uma educação permanente realizada por meio de capacitações, que são fundamentais para atualização, manejo clínico e tratamento destes pacientes.ABSTRACTIn 2014, the risk of spreading the Chikungunya virus and the need to strength the fight against Aedes aegypti in Brazil were mentioned in the literature. Thereby, in 2017, the Ministry of Health launched a program to prevent the spread of Aedes aegypti. However, in the same year, the country experienced an epidemic of Chikungunya virus. This is a qualitative study, developed with the physiotherapists from NASF in the city of Belém. Data were collected through interview, processed in IRAMUTEQ and had the similarity analysis and word cloud made. According to the similarity analysis co-occurrence tree, connections were identified between the words: “no”, “patient”, “pain” and “Chikungunya”. The word “no” was the most frequent in the corpus. Accordingly, “no” indicated lack of knowledge and/or limited information about Chikungunya disease. The study pointed out that, in the view of the professionals, the work depends on a permanent process of education through training, essential for updating, clinical management and treatment of patients.
Desigualdades na utilização de serviços odontológicos do SUS entre adultos de 35-44 anos, em Salvador, Bahia.
Authors: Oliveira Danillo Lyrio , Dias Pedro Henrique Presta , Cruz Denise Nogueira , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Barros Sandra Garrido
Published: August 2021

Com o objetivo de caracterizar o perfil dos usuários do SUS na faixa etária de 35–44 anos e a utilização dos serviços odontológicos de Salvador, Bahia, por essa população, foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal utilizando dados secundários do Inquérito de Saúde Bucal realizado no município, em 2015. Foram analisadas as variáveis da entrevista realizada com 1.321 usuários de unidades básicas de saúde dos 12 Distritos Sanitários. Observou-se predominância do sexo feminino (78,1%), pardos e pretos (88,1%), alfabetizados (99,2%), que não recebiam benefício social (70,4%) e com necessidade de tratamento percebida (80,8%). Quanto ao uso dos serviços odontológicos no último ano observou-se: 62,4% de acesso ao dentista (consultas), 26,1% de exodontia, 31,3% de restauração, 10,2% de endodontia, 8,0% de prótese, 8,8% de cirurgia/periodontia e 23% participaram de atividades educativas. Prevaleceu a utilização dos serviços de financiamento público (p=0,02), exceto para as especialidades de endodontia e prótese (p<0,00). Verificou-se baixa utilização dos serviços e participação em atividades educativas. Há diferenças importantes na distribuição e cobertura dos serviços odontológicos entre os Distritos, que promovem desigualdades no acesso e utilização dos serviços públicos. Sugere-se a ampliação da oferta de serviços odontológicos, reorganização dos serviços quanto à marcação de consultas, horário de funcionamento, distribuição dos profissionais e modelo de atenção. INEQUALITIES IN SUS DENTAL SERVICES UTILIZATION AMONG ADULTS AGED 35–44 YEARS, IN SALVADOR, BAHIA ABSTRACTAiming to characterize the profile of users of the Unified Health System (SUS) aging 35–44 years old and the use of dental services in Salvador, Bahia, a cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the Oral Health Survey taken in 2015 in the city. Interview variables with 1.321 users of basic health units in the 12 Health Districts about service utilization were analyzed. There was predominance of females (78.1%), brown and black (88.1%), literate (99.2%), who received no social assistance (70.4%) and in need of perceived treatment (80.8%). Regarding the use of dental services in the last year we obtained: 62.4% dental access (consultations), 26.1% dental extraction, 31.3% restoration, 10.2% endodontics, 8.0% prosthesis, 8.8% of surgery/ periodontics and 23% participated in educational activities. The use of publicly-funded services prevailed (p = 0.02), except for the specialties of endodontics and prosthesis (p < 0.00). There was low utilization of services and participation in educational activities. It is suggested to expand the offer of dental services, reorganization of services regarding appointment scheduling, opening hours, distribution of professionals and care model.
Universalidade e democracia: esteios das ciências contra o charlatanismo
Authors: Coelho Thereza Christina Bahia
Published: August 2021

Um novo paradigma do conhecimento parece surgir da hecatombe virótica e política que atinge principalmente as Américas para talvez enterrar de vez ou, pelo menos, inativar temporariamente a virulência do anterior, que deu abrigo a teorias como a da Escolha Racional, que é o paradigma neoliberal. Contra ele, ressurge a tese dos sistemas universais de saúde enquanto estruturas de Estado, mantidas e controladas pelo próprio Estado Ampliado, no sentido gramsciano. O editorial do volume 11, ano 2021, segundo ano da pandemia de COVID-19 do século XXI, tem por objetivo apresentar de forma reflexiva dez artigos do número 1, com temas que abordam diretamente ou indiretamente a pandemia, seus desdobramentos, tomando como valores orientadores das práticas editoriais, de pesquisa e cuidado em saúde, a justiça e democracia, mais que conceitos, significantes para o pensamento e a ação. ABSTRACTA new paradigm of knowledge seems to emerge from the viral and political hecatomb that affects mainly the Americas to perhaps bury forever or at least temporarily inactivate the virulence of the previous one, which gave shelter to theories such as Rational Choice, which is the neoliberal paradigm. Against him, the thesis of universal health systems resurfaces as State structures, maintained and controlled by the Extended State itself, in the Gramscian sense. The editorial of the volume 11, 2021, second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, of the 21st century, aims to reflectively present ten articles published on number 1 with themes that directly or indirectly address the pandemic, its consequences, taking as guiding values of editorial practices, research and health care, justice and democracy, more than concepts, significant for thought and action.Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Sciences; Universality; Democracy; Health. RESUMENUn nuevo paradigma de conocimiento parece emerger de la hecatombe viral y política que afecta principalmente a las Américas para quizás enterrar definitivamente o al menos inactivar temporalmente la virulencia del anterior, que dio cobijo a teorías como la Elección Racional, que es el paradigma neoliberal. Frente a él, la tesis de los sistemas de salud universales resurge como estructuras estatales, mantenidas y controladas por el propio Estado Extendido, en el sentido gramciano. El editorial del volumen 11, año 2021, segundo año de la pandemia COVID-19, del siglo XXI, tiene como objetivo presentar de manera reflexiva diez artículos del número 1, con temas que aborden directa o indirectamente la pandemia, sus consecuencias, tomando como rector valores de las prácticas editoriales, la investigación y la salud, la justicia y la democracia, más que conceptos, significativos para el pensamiento y la acción.Palabras clave: COVID-19; Pandemia; Ciencias; Universalidad; Democracia; Salud.
Raman lidar for remote sensing of oil in water
Authors: Somekawa Toshihiro , Izawa Jun , Fujita Masayuki , Kawanaka Junji , Kuze Hiroaki
Published: August 2021

We describe a portable Raman lidar system that can remotely detect oil leakages in water. The system has been developed based on a frequency-doubled,

Q

-switched Nd:YAG laser, operated at 532 nm with a receiver telescope equipped with some filters and photomultipliers. Stand-off detection of oil is achieved in a 6-m-long water tank, which allowed us to considerably increase the survey capability of subsea infrastructures, including both the range observation and target identification.
Proper application of chromaticity gamut area metrics for displays
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro
Published: August 2021

The areal dimension in chromaticity diagrams is often used to evaluate the range of reproducible colors (or color gamut) of a display; however, its meaning is not fully understood. For consistent and meaningful color gamut comparisons, the metric needs a color space with a common chromatically adapted white point, which is not considered in legacy chromaticity gamut area metrics. This study demonstrates the validity of chromaticity gamut area metrics and clarifies the proper way to use the metrics by comparing the color gamuts of synthetic additive displays with a range of sampled RGB primaries with different white points. The study reports high correlations of 0.98–0.99 between the xy chromaticity gamut area and color gamut volume for additive displays with a common white point at 6500 K and above. However, using the “gamut rings” 2D visualization method, this study also demonstrates that use of different white points cause a failure of the chromaticity gamut area metric.
Determination of the dynamic dielectric function of PEDOT:PSS from the visible to the near-infrared region
Authors: Zhao Yongmin , Lin Yu , Zeng Zhongming , Su Chengxi , Jiang Chunping
Published: August 2021

Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) thin films with tunable optical properties have shown great potential in optoelectronic device applications. Here, we present a new hybrid technology for accurately determining the dielectric properties of PEDOT:PSS films upon bias. Using electrochemical method together with numerical simulation of ellipsometry measurement, significant variations of the dielectric functions in a wide spectral range (400-1690 nm) under external voltage excitation are found. The ordinary dielectric constants increase under external voltage excitation, while the extraordinary dielectric constants remain unchanged. The simulation and experimental results are in a good agreement.
The effects of post-operative oxygen supply on blood oxygenation and acid-base status in rats anaesthetized with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam
Authors: Gaarde Leander , Kolstrup Stefanie , Bollen Peter
Published: August 2021

In anaesthetic practice the risk of hypoxia and arterial blood gas disturbances is evident, as most anaesthetic regimens depress the respiratory function. Hypoxia may be extended during recovery, and for this reason we wished to investigate if oxygen supply during a one hour post-operative period reduced the development of hypoxia and respiratory acidosis in rats anaesthetized with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam. Twelve Sprague Dawley rats underwent surgery and were divided in two groups, breathing either 100% oxygen or atmospheric air during a post-operative period. The peripheral blood oxygen saturation and arterial acid-base status were analyzed for differences between the two groups. We found that oxygen supply after surgery prevented hypoxia but did not result in a significant difference in the blood acid-base status. All rats developed respiratory acidosis, which could not be reversed by supplemental oxygen supply. We concluded that oxygen supply improved oxygen saturation and avoided hypoxia but did not have an influence on the acid-base status.
Innovation in unruptured intracranial aneurysm coiling: At which price or efficacy are new technologies cost-effective?
Authors: Ben-Israel David , Belanger Brooke L. , Adibi Amin , Eesa Muneer , Mitha Alim P. , Spackman Eldon
Published: August 2021

Background

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) are increasingly being treated by endovascular coiling as opposed to open surgical clipping. Unfortunately, endovascular coiling imparts an approximate 25% recanalization rate, leading to additional procedures and increased rupture risk. While a new health technology innovation (HTI) that reduces this recanalization rate would benefit patients, few advancements have been made. We aim to determine whether cost-effectiveness has been a barrier to HTI.

Methods

A probabilistic Markov model was constructed from the healthcare payer perspective to compare standard endovascular treatment of UIA to standard treatment plus the addition of a HTI adjunct. Costs were measured in 2018 USD and health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). In the base case, the HTI was a theoretical mesenchymal stem cell therapy which reduced the aneurysm recanalization rate by 50% and cost $10,000 per procedure. All other model inputs were derived from the published scientific literature.

Results

Based on the model results, we found that for a given HTI price (y) and relative risk reduction of aneurysm recanalization (x), the HTI was always cost-effective if the following equation was satisfied:y≤ 20268 ∙x, using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY. The uncertainty surrounding whether an aneurysm would recanalize was a significant driver within the model. When the uncertainty around the risk of aneurysm recanalization was eliminated, the 10-year projected additional benefit to the United States healthcare system was calculated to be $113,336,994.

Conclusion

Cost-effectiveness does not appear to be a barrier to innovation in reducing the recanalization rate of UIA treated by endovascular coil embolization. Our model can now be utilized by academia and industry to accentuate economically feasible HTI and by healthcare payers to calculate their maximum willingness-to-pay for a new technology. Our results also indicate that predicting a patient’s baseline risk of aneurysm recanalization is a critical area of future research.
EBCR: Empirical Bayes concordance ratio method to improve similarity measurement in memory-based collaborative filtering
Authors: Du Yu , Sutton-Charani Nicolas , Ranwez Sylvie , Ranwez Vincent
Published: August 2021

Recommender systems aim to provide users with a selection of items, based on predicting their preferences for items they have not yet rated, thus helping them filter out irrelevant ones from a large product catalogue. Collaborative filtering is a widely used mechanism to predict a particular user’s interest in a given item, based on feedback from neighbour users with similar tastes. The way the user’s neighbourhood is identified has a significant impact on prediction accuracy. Most methods estimate user proximity from ratings they assigned to co-rated items, regardless of their number. This paper introduces a similarity adjustment taking into account the number of co-ratings. The proposed method is based on a concordance ratio representing the probability that two users share the same taste for a new item. The probabilities are further adjusted by using the Empirical Bayes inference method before being used to weight similarities. The proposed approach improves existing similarity measures without increasing time complexity and the adjustment can be combined with all existing similarity measures. Experiments conducted on benchmark datasets confirmed that the proposed method systematically improved the recommender system’s prediction accuracy performance for all considered similarity measures.
Battered bodies: Characterizing Johannesburg’s apartheid past and present in Gavin Hood’s Tsotsi
Authors: Mututa Addamms
Published: August 2021

Narratives of traumatic citizenship not only raise questions about the past, but also they give voice to contemporary stories about this past. In post-apartheid South Africa, these questions, markers of apartheid temporality, are embodied in, among other sites, the representation of battered Black bodies in cinema. This article critiques the characterization of Blacks as narrative spaces to illustrate the temporality of distress and trauma from apartheid to post-apartheid Johannesburg in Gavin Hood’s Tsotsi. It argues that the film posits Black characters as latent archives of intergenerational historical narratives that probe the apartheid past and speculate on the post-apartheid future in the city of Johannesburg. Consequently, the juxtaposition of embodied narrative archives and apartheid temporality, the article posits, is a crucial model in the theorization of battered Black bodies’ contiguous nostalgia.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude toward Dental Implant Supported Prosthesis among Medical Practitioners of Wardha Region
Authors: Uikey Aishwary Arun , Dhamande Mithilesh M. , Mangal Kashish , Bhoyar Anjali G. , Sathe Seema R. , Patel Rupali M.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Dental knowledge of qualified medical practitioners is different when compared to the general public. Even though they are qualified in the medical field their knowledge about dental diseases, relationship of oral health with systemic diseases and life-threatening dental diseases are scarce. The role that a medical practitioner can play in improving oral health of the population depends on his own knowledge about oral diseases and their effect on general health, his attitude towards dentistry and their routine practice to maintain oral health. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness regarding the use of implants in dentistry among the medical practitioners. METHODS Custom made questionnaire comprising of 10 closed-ended questions was designed and validated. 50 medical practitioners from different walks of medicine were randomly selected and provided with the questionnaire. Answers of all the subjects were then tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS After statistical analysis, the results obtained showed a large number of medical practitioners’ negative response to maximum questions. CONCLUSIONS It was inferred that a huge gap in knowledge exists which needs to be addressed KEY WORDS Edentulism, Dental Implants, Health Care Workers
A Novel Technique for the Fabrication of Hollow Denture - A Need for Resorbed Ridge
Authors: Jaiswal Rahul Suresh , Kanathila Hema , Patil Anandkumar G.
Published: August 2021

Removable prosthesis is probably one of the oldest types of dental therapy used to rehabilitate patients with complete or partial edentulousness. The main function of the edentulous alveolar ridge is to provide a major area of support for the dentures.1 Ill-fitting prosthesis leads to a condition where there is no longer adequate support of bone due to RRR. Hence, rehabilitation of such cases pose a clinical challenge, as there is a decreased denture foundation area for support, retention and stability.2 Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is the severe atrophy of alveolar bone underlying the mucoperiosteum. RRR affects the alveolar bone morphology, resulting in a decreased denture foundation area and increased inter-alveolar ridge space. The increase in inter-ridge distance provides a huge restorative space which results in a heavier complete denture due to greater volume of denture base material. This increase in restorative space amalgamates with the long lip length of the patient which gives rise to huge challenge to the success of the complete denture. Also, decreased denture foundation area increases the heaviness of the prosthesis and negatively affects the retention of the denture due to gravity.3 Various weight-reduction techniques have been used in the past using a rigid three-dimensional spacer, such as dental stone (Ackerman, 1955), cellophanewrapped asbestos, silicone putty during laboratory preparation to keep denture base content out of the intended hollow cavity of the prosthesis. The following case report describes a distinct lab technique for construction of hollow maxillary complete denture for a patient with severe RRR.
Non-Surgical Endodontic Management of External Root Resorption in a Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor Tooth - A 3 Year Follow-Up of a Rare Case Scenario
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Kothandaraman , Poornima Lingeswaran , Narayan Keerthi V.
Published: August 2021

Resorption of the tooth represents a multifactorial and a perplexing problem for all clinicians resulting in complete or partial loss of tooth structure. The present clinical demonstration describes management of the permanent maxillary left central incisor (tooth number #21) affected by external root resorption involving the mesial and distal surface of middle one-third of the root. Conventional nonsurgical endodontic treatment followed by MTA (Mineral trioxide aggregate) obturation (PRoRoot MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties) was planned. The root canal of the affected teeth was debrided with Dual Rinse HEDP (Medcem Weinfelden, Switzerland) containing etidronate powder and chemomechanical preparation of the root canal was performed with XP endo shaper file system (FKG Dentaire, SA, Switzerland). Thirtysix months’ post-operative follow-up revealed complete healing of the external root resorption defect with no clinical and radiological signs and symptoms. In the present case simple non-surgical endodontic management of severe external root resorption was done in a permanent maxillary tooth by using a continuous chelation irrigation technique, intracanal medicament followed by obturation with bio-ceramic material produced satisfactory results in contrast to the recommended surgical management. Resorption of the tooth being a multifactorial and a perplexing problem for all clinicians results in complete or partial loss of tooth structure. According to the Glossary of Endodontic terms, Resorption is defined as a condition associated with either a physiologic or a pathologic process resulting in the loss of dentine, cementum, and/or bone.1 Traditionally resorption can present either as internal or as external resorption.2 External root resorption occurs on the outer surface of the root and are of dissimilar nature such as external surface resorption, external inflammatory root resorption, ankylosis, and external replacement resorption, the most common being external inflammatory root resorption.3 According to the Glossary of Endodontics, “Inflammatory resorption is defined as an internal or external pathologic loss of tooth structure and possibly bone, resulting in a defect; occurs as the result of microbial infection; characterized radiographically by radiolucent areas along the root”.1 It may result due to dental trauma, forceful orthodontic tooth movement, long standing infection of the pulp or periodontal tissues. External resorption presents as a major resorptive condition of the root without any clinical signs and symptoms.2 The non-surgical management of external inflammatory root resorption is based on its aetiology, which needs to be eliminated
Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation of Lip - A Case Report
Authors: Dhande Rajasbala Pradeep , Manoj Megha , Gupta Roohi , Patwa Prerna , Ghanta Prasanthi
Published: August 2021

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of lesions involving vascular channels including the lymphatics. They encompass a wide variety of lesions from simple capillary haemangiomas to angiosarcomas. These lesions most commonly occur as a result of developmental error during embryogenesis due to defective signal process.1 Most of these lesions occur sporadically while a few may be inherited or acquired. Inherited lesions tend to be small and multi-centric which gradually increase its size with age.2 The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies has broadly classified vascular anomalies into 2 groups: 1) Vascular neoplasms and 2) Vascular malformations.3 Vascular malformations are a relatively rare group of lesions involving the endothelium and surrounding tissue of arteries and veins resulting in an abnormal arteriovenous shunting. They are categorised into 4 types: 1) Venous malformation, 2) Capillary malformation, 3) Arteriovenous malformation and 4) Lymphatic malformation. They can occur anywhere in the body from head to toe, but they are most commonly seen in the brain. The most common extra-cranial site for AV malformations is the head and neck and other common sites include limbs, trunk and viscera.4 Here, we a present a rare case of congenital AV malformation of lip in a 49-year-old male.