bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation through improvement in the energy efficiency of business processes
Authors: Skvortsova Inga , Latyshev Roman , Truntsevsky Yuri
Published: August 2019

The energy industry is regarded as a leader in introducing innovations among other industries. Solutions are proposed to reduce energy consumption. The features of energy supply to consumers in difficult conditions of economic, technical and climatic nature are identified, provided that large systems with a high level of complexity of system interconnection are integrated. The main focus is on the use of technology “smart home”. The use of Smart Grid and Smart Home technologies significantly improves the efficiency of business processes, which in turn allows you to more accurately plan energy consumption. Studies have shown that the use of innovative technologies can save up to a third of the energy consumed, but the population has no significant motivation to plan and save energy. However, there is a positive trend in the use of Smart Grid and Smart Home technologies in optimizing the management of business processes by business structures, for example, , in optimizing security tools, managing household engineering systems, etc.
Conductimetry technique for the measurement of thin liquid film thickness between two solid surfaces in relative motion: hydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Aloui Fethi , Gaied Lamia , Abassi Wafik , Lippert Marc , Bigerelle Maxence
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an approach for the measurement of a liquid film thickness in contact with a rough surface, based on electrical conductance sensor. This type of sensor consists of two electrodes mounted flush on a wall and using an electrolyte solution representing the liquid film. Assessing of the generated current between a pair of electrode is used as a measure of the film thickness. The liquid film is contained between two parallel surfaces that one of which is coated with a certain roughness, while the other is smooth. The electrical probes are placed on the smooth surface and the facing rough surface is removable allowing a free move of the wall. In this way, a rotational or a sliding motion is imposed on the rough wall allowing a browse of an entire surface relative to the electrode, in order to determine the influence of roughness on the film thickness measurements. In addition, series of signal acquisition were carried out with imposed pressures on the upper plate for the characterization of the effect of the film compression on the measured thicknesses. The principle of this electrochemical technique is briefly explained, as well as how the lateral distance between the electrodes impacts the measuring range limit. The experimental setup is described and used to study the liquid film flow with several configurations of the wall surface. The obtained results demonstrated the feasibility of this type of non-intrusive estimation, as it was possible to estimate the variable film thickness which is depending on the peaks and valleys of the rough surface. This is promising, because measuring this parameter remains difficult. Finally, the results analysis allows to synthesize the advantages and limitations of this method.
An assessment of cleanliness techniques for low alloyed steel grades
Authors: Franceschini Aurélie , Ruby-Meyer Fabienne , Midroit Fabien , Diawara Bandiougou , Hans Stéphane , Poulain Thibault , Trempont Cédric , Hénault Eric , Rouffié Anne-Laure
Published: August 2019

In order to find a method to characterize the inclusion distribution of high-cleanliness materials, complementary techniques were tested, such as high-frequency (80 MHz) ultrasonic testing, X-ray tomography or Extreme Value Analysis (EVA). The micro-cleanliness was also characterized by standard methods based on observations of polished surfaces by light optical or scanning electronic microscopy. The combination of all these techniques, enhanced by metiS software, allows us to determine the complete 3D distribution of oxides or to estimate the probability of largest inclusion size by modelling virtual samples. At the end, fatigue testing was performed in order to try to link fatigue results to previous characterization outcomes.
Numerical simulation of modification of non-metallic inclusions by calcium treatment in the argon-stirred ladle
Authors: Castro-Cedeno Edgar Ivan , Jardy Alain , Boissiere Benjamin , Lehmann Jean , Gardin Pascal , Carré Alexandre , Gerardin Sébastien , Bellot Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, depending on the steel grade, Ca treatment with the aim of modifying the morphology and melting temperature of non-metallic inclusions is performed in the secondary steelmaking process. The addition of calcium to steel melts rises a technological challenge because at steelmaking temperatures Ca has the tendency to vaporize from the ladle. Efforts are actively pursued in developing solutions that increase Ca yield and improve repeatability of results from treatment to treatment. This work presents a two-phase Euler-Euler flow model of a steel ladle with gas stirring through bottom porous plugs. The model considers that before gas exits through the ladle top, some Ca is transferred from the gas to the liquid steel. The yield is thus defined as the ratio between the Ca transferred to the steel and the total calcium injected into the ladle. The fluid-dynamic calculations are coupled with ArcelorMittal thermodynamic software CEQCSI to get the evolution of the local concentration of dissolved species and non-metallic inclusions assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. Industrial trials have been performed at one of ArcelorMittal’s facilities with the aim of obtaining data to validate the model. Samples of steel were taken before, during, and after the Ca injection treatment. The total Ca content and the inclusion populations in the steel samples can be compared against the results given by the model, as well as the measured and calculated Ca yield.
Aggregation kernel of globular inclusions in local shear flow: application to aggregation in a gas-stirred ladle
Authors: Gisselbrecht Matthieu , Kroll-Rabotin Jean-Sébastien , Bellot Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2019

The control of metal cleanliness has always been a concern for metallurgists since inclusions directly influence the mechanical properties of alloys. In most metallurgical routes, a refining treatment of the liquid alloy is performed, in particular with the aim of improving the metal cleanliness that is achieved via a better control of particle contents and particle size. Since the efficiencies of inclusion removal mechanisms increase with inclusion size, the turbulent aggregation process plays a major role in all refining treatments. Interaction between particles such as aggregation is usually modelled through kinetics kernels which may be difficult to estimate. This paper contributes to express turbulent aggregation kernel taking into account the hydrodynamic effects at the inclusion scale. The numerical approach combines three numerical techniques, a Lattice Boltzmann Method to resolve the flow, an immersed boundary method for the particle-fluid interactions and a Lagrangian tracking for the motion of individual particles. Deterministic simulations of spherical particle pair trajectories leading to collision or avoidance allow us to calculate statistical kernels in a shear flow. The results show a strong influence of the short distance hydrodynamic effects on the collision kernel, particularly when the diameter ratio of the two interacting particles is far from unity. An application of this new aggregation kernel is applied to simulate the time evolution of the particle size distribution in a typical steel gas-stirred ladle.
Synthesis of 1,3,4-Thiadiazolo[2′,3′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-b]indoles
Authors: Jafari Behzad , Safarov Sayfidin , Khalikova Muattar , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: August 2019

Hitherto unknown thiadiazolo[2′,3′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-b]indoles were synthesized for the first time by base-mediated cyclocondensation, bromination, and subsequent cyclization by two-fold Buchwald–Hartwig reactions.
The Ketogenic Diet and Its Effect on Bone Mineral Density: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Draaisma Jos M.T. , Hampsink Brieke M. , Janssen Marcel , van Houdt Nicole B.M. , Linders E. T.A.M. , Willemsen Michèl A.
Published: August 2019

Background During long-term follow-up of children treated with the ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) have an increased incidence of bone fractures. However, the exact contribution of KDT to a decreased bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate (changes in) BMD in children treated with KDT and to evaluate whether intravenous bisphosphonate therapy may be effective.

Design In this retrospective, observational cohort study, all children treated with KDT from 2010 until 2018 at the Radboudumc Amalia Children's hospital were included. Patients who were on KDT for more than 6 months and who had at least two dual-energy X-ray (DXA)-scans were eligible for inclusion for longitudinal analysis. Z-scores of DXA-scans were compared over the course of time.

Results In 34 out of 68 patients, one or more lumbar DXA-scans were performed, with a mean lumbar Z-score of −1.32 ± 1.74. Of these 68 patients, 8.8% got a fracture during KDT, and also 8.8% got kidney stones. In 20 patients, more than one DXA-scan was performed. A statistically not significant decrease in BMD (0.22 Z-score/year) was found. However, there was an increase in BMD in the five patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. This was statistically significant in comparison to the nonbisphosphonate treated group (p = 0.034).

Conclusion Children on KDT have low normal BMD which may decrease further during KDT. For this reason monitoring of BMD is crucial, as is monitoring of kidney stones and hypercalciuria. Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy may have a positive effect, when other therapies have failed.
Decreasing Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis by Inhibition of Coagulation
Authors: Nadir Yona
Published: August 2019

Data regarding the effect of coagulation proteins on enhancing angiogenesis and tumor growth are ample. Thus, inhibition of the coagulation system in an attempt to reduce tumor growth and metastasis seems appealing. However, such molecules as direct oral anticoagulants, warfarin and heparins, may impose a bleeding tendency, limiting the treatment dose that can be used. The heparanase protein, as a cofactor for tissue factor (TF) activity, enhances activation of the coagulation system and in addition has several nonhemostatic effects increasing tumor growth. The molecules currently investigated in the field of cancer and coagulation are heparin mimetics and inhibitors of heparanase derived from TF pathway inhibitor 2. Both groups of molecules are inhibitors of heparanase and in addition pose a low bleeding tendency. Hence, interfering in heparanase activity seems to be a promising target for development of antitumor drugs.
Serial Cervical Length Evaluation in Low-Risk Women with Shortened Cervical Lengths in the Midtrimester: How Many Will Dilate Prior to 24 Weeks?
Authors: Zafman Kelly B. , Rebarber Andrei , Fox Nathan S.
Published: August 2019

Objective To determine what proportion of women with a short cervical length (CL) without a history of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) will ultimately be dilated at <24 weeks.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies with a short CL (≤25 mm) between 16 and 22 weeks' gestational age (GA). We excluded women with a history of SPTB. We examined the progression of women with short CL based on the CL measurement and GA at diagnosis. The primary outcome was cervical dilation or spontaneous delivery <24 weeks.

Results A total of 163 women were included, of whom 27 (16.6%) were ultimately dilated and 4 (2.5%) had pregnancy loss by 24 weeks. The median GA at diagnosis of short CL was 195/7 (range: 15–22) weeks. Women with a CL <15 mm were more likely to have cervical dilation or loss prior to 24 weeks than women whose CL was 15 to 25 mm (42.5 vs. 11.9%, <0.001, adjusted odds ratio: 3.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–9.09). GA at diagnosis was not associated with risk of progression.

Conclusion In women with a short CL without a history of SPTB, the risk of dilation or pregnancy loss <24 weeks is significant, approaching 50% for women with a CL <15 mm.
The All but Forgotten Mascagni–Sappey Pathway: Learning from Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction
Authors: Johnson Anna Rose , Bravo Miguel G. , James Ted A. , Suami Hiroo , Lee Bernard T. , Singhal Dhruv
Published: August 2019

Background Upper extremity lymphedema occurs in 25 to 40% of patients after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) or the lymphatic micro- surgical preventative healing approach has demonstrated a significant decrease in postoperative rates of lymphedema (LE) from 4 to 12%. Our objective was to map the Mascagni -Sappey pathway, the lateral upper arm draining lymphatics, in patients undergoing ILR to better characterize the drainage pattern of this lymphosome to the axilla.

Methods A retrospective review of our institutional lymphatic database was conducted and consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing ILR were identified from November 2017 through June 2018. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and intraoperative records were retrieved and analyzed.

Results Twenty-nine consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent ILR after ALND were identified. Patients had a mean age of 54.6years and body mass index (BMI) of 26.6 kg/m2. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was injected at the medial upper arm and isosulfan blue was injected at the cephalic vein, or lateral upper arm, prior to ALND. After ALND, an average 2.5 divided lymphatics were identified, and a mean 1.2 lymphatics were bypassed. In all patients, divided FITC lymphatics were identified. However, in only three patients (10%), divided blue lymphatics were identified after ALND.

Conclusion In this study, variable drainage of the lateral upper arm to the axillary bed was noted. This study is the first to provide a description of intraoperative findings, demonstrating variable drainage patterns of upper extremity lymphatics to the axilla. Moreover, we noted that the lateral- and medial-upper arm lymphosomes have mutually exclusive pathways draining to the axilla. Further study of lymphatic anatomy variability may elucidate the pathophysiology of lymphedema development and influence approaches to immediate lymphatic reconstruction.
Üben für den Ernstfall: MANV: Gute Vorbereitung ist das A und O
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: August 2019

Krankenhäuser sind gesetzlich verpflichtet, sich für den Ernstfall zu wappnen – einen Massenanfall von Verletzten, kurz MANV genannt. Denn sie spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bewältigung von Schadensgroßereignissen – nach Unglücken, Krisen, Katastrophen oder auch terroristischen Anschlägen. Spezielle Notfallpläne muss es überall geben, doch wie handhaben deutsche Kliniken das Üben für den Ernstfall?
A low cost and large-scale synthesis of 3D photonic crystal with SP2 lattice symmetry
Authors: Hsieh Mei-Li , Chen Shu-Yu , Kaiser Alex , Yan Yang-Jhe , Frey B. , Bhat Ishwara , Dahal Rajendra , Bhattacharya Sayak , John Sajeev , Lin Shawn-Yu
Published: August 2019

In this work, a novel lithographic method is proposed to prepare three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal (PC) that is different from conventional top-down and bottom-up approaches. The method combines a 2D optical mask and off-the-axis double optical exposures to create a desirable 3D PC structure. Since the method uses only two optical exposures of a photo-resist layer, it is inherently a low-cost, high throughput and wafer-scale lithographic method. The method is implemented to make a slanted post 3D PC having the SP2 lattice symmetry. Three types of SP2 3D PC structures were successfully fabricated with a minimum feature size of d=1.5 μm over a large scale of 8x10 mm2, without any observable fabrication defects. The SP2 PCs are: (i) SU8 posts in air background, (ii) air pores in CdS background and (iii) Pt coated on SU8 SP2 templates. A spectroscopic study of the SP2 PCs shows select spectral regions of high reflectance, indicating the existence of a photonic stop band. This low-cost and large-scale method could enable broader technological impacts of 3D PC materials in areas such as thermo-photovoltaics and above room-temperature Bose-Einstein Condensation. Furthermore, this off-axis method could lead to the creation of an entirely new class of slanted-rod based photonic crystals, such as topological photonic crystal in 3D.
Analysis of individual molecular dynamics snapshots simulating wetting of surfaces using spheroidal geometric constructions
Authors: Abramov Aleksandr , Iglauer Stefan
Published: August 2019

Accurate characterization of wettability of minerals is important for efficient oil recovery and carbon geosequestration. In studies where molecular dynamics simulations are used to compute the contact angle, emphasis is often placed on results or theoretical details of the simulations themselves, overlooking potentially applicable methodologies for determination of the contact angle. In this manuscript, a concept of a method utilizing spheroidal geometric constructions to estimate the contact angle of a water droplet on a silica surface in carbon dioxide atmosphere is outlined and applied to the final snapshots of two molecular dynamics simulation runs. Two carbon dioxide pressures and two wettability modes (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) are examined to assess the method’s performance. The most stable 6-membered ellipselike rings (001) pristine surface of alpha-quartz is reconstructed using molecular dynamics and its wettability is then investigated for the first time. The outcomes of the calculations are compared with results produced with the isodensity chart method, and good agreement with the latter approach is demonstrated. The proposed method can be used as an alternative, or in conjunction with other techniques, to increase the confidence in contact angle estimations via molecular mechanics calculations. Reliable contact angle estimations, on the other hand, can guarantee accurate storage capacity and security of carbon capture and storage projects.
Spatiotemporal ichthyofaunal dynamics in a permanently open estuary, Otago, New Zealand
Authors: Taddese Fasil , Closs Gerard P.
Published: August 2019

Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the fish-assemblage structure of estuaries is indispensable in conservation and habitat-improvement efforts. This study reports seasonal as well as spatial dynamics of fish diversity of the Waikouaiti Estuary and indicates the key physicochemical variables that influence the ichthyofauna of the estuary. Fish were collected from upper, middle and lower reaches of the Waikouaiti Estuary monthly for 1 year, by using a seine net. In total, 15 species and 4967 individuals were collected during the study period. Distinct differences in ichthyofaunal composition, driven by spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity, were observed between the three reaches of the Waikouaiti Estuary. Fish abundance was higher in the middle reach where the water is turbid. Whereas fish species with diadromous life history occurred more frequently in the upper reach of the estuary, marine-migrants and marine-stragglers were abundant in the lower reach. The present study indicated that salinity and turbidity were the best predictors of fish species composition in the different reaches of the Waikouaiti Estuary.
Construction in extreme environments: Definition of extremeness and parameter analysis of case projects
Authors: Igarashi Takaharu , Yashiro Tomonari
Published: August 2019

With an aim to gain a better understanding of human habitats and contribute to the enhancement and sustainability of built environments, this paper focuses on the reciprocal of our living environment and first attempts to define the ‘extremeness’ of environments; an ‘extreme environment’ is defined as an environment unsuitable for human habitation. Factors that determine extremeness are examined, and a matrix to categorize and qualitatively evaluate the extremeness of environments is constructed. The discussion then proceeds to the composition of a framework for case studies on construction projects in extreme environments. Three sets of parameters are given as the constituents of the framework: the project’s scope, environmental conditions, and elemental technologies. By applying the framework to case projects, interdependencies between the parameters are identified.
Japan’s fluorinated gases control policy as a measure of climate change mitigation in building sector
Authors: Kawagishi Shunsuke , Magori Bumpei , Kasai Toshihiko
Published: August 2019

Japan has been a leading country who has taken on emission reduction measures of fluorocarbon gases. This paper introduces experience and modality of Japan’s fluorocarbon control policy, particularly of the latest revision enforced by Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbon. The act obliges owners of air conditioning/refrigeration units (here in after “equipment”) deal with fluorinated gases emissions both in usage phase and in decommissioning phase. This paper explains modality of the provisions stipulated in the act focusing on stakeholders of building, with explanation of supplemental efforts made voluntarily. It is explained that supplemental measures are vital in addition to the obligation, for the sake of ensuring the fluorocarbon emissions reduction measures completed. Besides, this paper explains in regard to expected greenhouse gases reduction by refrigerant leakage prevention in usage phase. Under Japan’s fluorinated gases control policy, owners of equipment must conduct inspection of each unit once a designated period to prevent leakage of fluorinated gases, as well as calculating and reporting seepage emissions of fluorinated gases used for refrigerant to government if it is more than a threshold. This obligation makes owners of equipment conscious of leakage emissions of fluorinated gases used for refrigerant, which result in leakage prevention. As effects of leakage prevention of fluorinated gases in building sector in Japan, both the estimated significance of emission reduction in retailing sector and results of the policy implementation in building sector are shown. Japan’s fluorocarbon emission control policy has been characteristic in world. Sharing the experience could contribute to setting up further HFCs emissions reduction measures, especially in Asia region where emissions of fluorinated gases used for refrigerant are expected to increase.
Environmental effects of vegetable garden space the introduction of the city in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Thao Nguyen Nguyen
Published: August 2019

Urban Farming, defined as the growing of crops in and around the perimeter of cities, is implemented at terrace, balcony. Besides vegetable and fruit production, urban farming provides many other benefits. For example, prevent storm water runoff. When planning a garden on a terrace and balcony, it will focus in vegetables production, thermal insulation and soil permeability. Therefore, calculation the effect of urban farming on city’s environment.
Refrigeration system using resources of the regional environment in the Oya area
Authors: Mashiko Akiji , Fujiwara Kisa , Yoshizawa Shotaro , Yokoo Noriyoshi
Published: August 2019

The Oya area of Utsunomiya City in Tochigi Prefecture is now with far less vitality than before owing to the decline of the Oya-stone industry, which used to be the main industry in the area. This decline is caused by a rise in new construction materials and overseas production materials. Despite the lack of vitality, the area is now showing signs of recovery. The local government recently tackled the Oya area revitalization by utilizing the abundant underground water of the Oya-stone quarry, which was once a facility of the Oya-stone industry. The quarry groundwater has an average water temperature lower than that of the ordinal groundwater. Business projects utilizing the quarry groundwater as a heat source for the heat exchange system have recently been promoted by the local government. Therefore, this study aims to explore the possibility of region revitalization by utilizing the regional resources in the Oya area by evaluating the proposed cooling system that makes use of the quarry groundwater as a heat source of the heat exchange system from the viewpoint of cooling performance. A food refrigeration system that uses the quarry groundwater as the heat source is prepared herein for measurement. The food refrigeration business will trigger the creation of work places in the Oya area, where the stone industry has deteriorated. The heat exchange amount of each element in the cooling system is identified from the measured temperature and humidity. The cooling performance is simulated and evaluated for several models that use cold water by utilizing the measured temperature and humidity as well as the identified heat exchange amount. This study demonstrates the concept of a groundwater cooling system that could be a way for region revitalization.
Success Factors for Community Participation in the Pre-Disaster Phase
Authors: Enshassi A , Shakalaih S , Mohamed S
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to characterize the factors involved in successful participation in the pre-disaster phase in Palestinian communities involved with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Data were obtained using a purposive sampling method of 86 community members in neighborhood committees, and the collected data underwent factor analysis. Correlations between the variables revealed that five components represented the success factors for community participation in pre-disaster management: risk perception, capacity building, education and knowledge, trust and networks, and awareness of disaster management. Capacity building for community committees and volunteers is considered an important success factor for community participation in the pre-disaster phase. Community awareness of risk sustains its preparedness activities. High levels of education and knowledge are crucial for proper functioning of a community, and engender resilience to potential disaster. It is advisable to establish a disaster management fund, which can be utilized to organize disaster management activities related to awareness and training and to support the vulnerable areas. Governments should play a significant role in strengthening capacity building in local communities and support NGOs before disasters occur to reduce disasters and their impact. This study adds to the current body of knowledge about disaster management in developing countries, particularly Palestine.
Study on winter indoor thermal environment of temporary shelters built in Nepal after massive earthquake 2015
Authors: Thapa Rita , Bahadur Rijal Hom , Shukuya Masanori , Imagawa Hikaru
Published: August 2019

After massive earthquake 2015, thousands of Nepalese who lost their permanent houses by the hardest hits were forced to live in makeshift temporary shelters. The people residing in these shelters are facing extreme coldness that causes various health-related problems in winter. The field measurement on indoor thermal environment was conducted in one of the district hit by massive earthquake, Lalitpur. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures of five shelters were measured by a set of thermometers with digital data loggers at the ten minute intervals in winter. The mean indoor and mean outdoor air temperatures during the measured night-time were found to be from 10.3°C and 7.6°C; they were lower than lower limit value of acceptable indoor temperature at 11°C found from our previous research. We analyzed the thermal characteristics of those shelters measured for seeking whether the improvement is possible or not and also how much of it is affordable. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the indoor thermal environment by estimating the heat-transmission characteristics of the used materials in these investigated shelters. The total heat loss coefficient estimated in five shelters per respective floor areas ranged from 11.2 to 15.4 W/(m2·K). These values obtained are very large due to low thermal insulation materials used. The paper ends with important lesson that reduce the total heat loss coefficient needs to reduce down to 2∼7 W/(m2·K) for realising the need to indoor air temperature above at 11°C could be 70% of nighttime hours. Such reduction of heat loss was found to be realized by adding affordable materials, i.e. cellular polyethylene foam and clothes for respective walls and roof.
Improving forecasting accuracy of daily energy consumption of office building using time series analysis based on wavelet transform decomposition
Authors: Fang Chengkuan , Gao Yuan , Ruan Yingjun
Published: August 2019

In order to improve the operation, detection and diagnosis of district energy systems, it is necessary to develop energy demand prediction models. Several models for energy prediction have been proposed, including machine learning methods and time series analysis methods. Data-driven machine learning methods fail to achieve the expected accuracy due to the lack of measurement data and the uncertainty of weather forecasts, additionally it is not easy to obtain complete and long-term weather data sets of building as input data in China. In this case, a WT-ARIMA prediction model that combines wavelet transform and time series analysis without meteorological parameters can be a better choice. The predicted performance of the commonly used time series model, WT-ARIMA model and LSTM model was tested based on the energy consumption data for one year. The results show that the model proposed in this paper has a 20% accuracy improvement over the ARIMA model and can reduce data requirement with good forecasting accuracy compared with LSTM-h.
Cooling load reduction effect in slim double skin facade (SDSF)
Authors: Kang Kyungmo , Kim Taeyeon , Chol Haneul , An Youngsub , Kim Eunjin
Published: August 2019

The office building consumes cooling energy in the summer season. Building envelope such as different windows affects the indoor heat gain. Operation of the cavity in double skin façade (DSF) is widely used passive design and can reduce the cooling load. Many cases have applied a building envelope. However, increase the initial investments affect the interruption of the application of the DSF. Hence, this paper investigated the slim double skin façade (SDSF) for cooling load reduction effect of the ventilation cavity. Heat balance analysis was conducted using EnergyPlus to investigate a heat transfer mechanism for SDSF. Finally, based on the analysis, SDSF can significantly reduce the cooling load in the office building in the lower cost than other DSF types.
Application of a heat source system using solar energy with hot water storage
Authors: Kuboki Masatoshi , Tanabe Shin-ichi , Togashi Eisuke
Published: August 2019

To increase the adoption and value of solar heat energy, a heat source system was designed and constructed that consists of a large-capacity water thermal storage tank, water source heat pump unit, and waste heat recovery chiller. This heat source system contributes to energy savings and to maintaining the function of a building when infrastructure is unavailable at the time of a disaster. This system was installed in a high school in Tokyo, Japan, and its effectiveness was verified. Actual results indicated that it operates at high efficiency with an average COP of 6.8 and full utilization of solar heat throughout the year. The actual annual usage of solar heat was about 103% that of the simulation at design time. The annual primary energy consumption was reduced by approximately 45% compared to that of an ordinary high school in Japan.
Research on inefficiency analysis method of building energy utilizing time series data
Authors: Bumpei Magori , Yashiro Tomonari
Published: August 2019

Purpose; Our research purpose is to utilize time series data related to building energy and perform an inefficiency analysis of building energy efficiency. Development; We developed a cloud building energy and environment monitoring system (cloud Building Management System (BEMS)) and an optimized control system (an artificial intelligence [AI] control system). Methodology; First, we designed an inefficiency analysis model and the analysis steps. Next, this model was tested in several actual buildings, and the method was confirmed to be adaptable. Finally, through iterative adaptations based on the results, we significantly improved our method. Findings; (1) The developed cloud BEMS and AI control system were confirmed to be useful for a) improvement of building management, b) improvement of equipment and system, and c) renovation. (2) Our analytical method and its steps can quantify inefficiency. (3) When using this methodology, we can quantitatively predict before implementation the effect of a) building improvement, b) equipment and system improvement, and c) renovation. Originality/value; Cloud BEMS collects time series data related to building energy consumption from sensors and building automation systems and accumulates data in a cloud server. The AI control system and analytical method finds energy inefficiencies and improves the operation of the building. Moreover, this improvement in operation is unmanned and carried out automatically. Keywords; Sustainable, Internet of things (IoT), machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), energy management system (EMS), energy conservation, environment efficiency, optimized control, CO2 reduction. Paper type; Academic paper.
Study on Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Secondary School Buildings in Nepal
Authors: Mishan Shrestha , Hom Bahadur Rijal
Published: August 2019

Most of the Nepalese school buildings are naturally ventilated and poor in thermal insulation which causes thermal discomfort during cold and hot seasons. Thermally uncomfortable classroom causes a negative impact on the academic performance of students. So, there should be serious attention to improve and optimize the indoor thermal environment of the classroom. This study investigated the students’ perceptions towards thermal comfort in naturally ventilated higher secondary school buildings during the autumn season of 2017 in a temperate climate (Dhading, Kathmandu and Nuwakot districts) of Nepal. 22 classrooms (33 students in average in each class) of 8 school buildings with a total of 818 students aged 12-18 years, 40% males and 60% females have participated. The thermal measurement and thermal comfort survey were conducted during the regular lesson period in each classroom. Students voted at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the class in 15 minutes’ interval of 45 minutes’ lesson period. More than 76% responses of the students were found in the comfort zone with mean comfort temperature 27°C and the preferred temperature 26°C. The findings of this study may hopefully invoke the awareness for the school building designers, teachers and students to control the classroom environment without the use of air conditioning system.
Possibilities of using light pipes to buildings
Authors: Srisamranrungruang Thanyalak , Hiyama Kyosuke
Published: August 2019

Daylighting has become a significant parameter in a building design nowadays to achieve more sustainable. The common method of utilization of daylight is to allow its transmission through windows. With such method, only areas a few meters close to the windows are sufficiently illuminated. This paper aims to show that light pipes can be used to bring daylight for illumination in deep interior spaces. The general problem of high-rise building is lacks daylight in a deep space. Light pipes are an example of light transporting systems with highly reflective interior surfaces that are used to transfer natural daylight from both the sun and the sky from the exterior of a building into its interior spaces. A pipe consists of a light collector at the outer end, a light transport section, and light distributor at the inner end. The light collector may be located at roof level or façade a building or located on the building façade. For a new building, roof-mounted light pipes can be designed to provide daylighting for the top floors. For existing buildings, roof-mounted light pipes where the pipes are to extend through some top floors may have limited application, but façade-mounted pipes may still be feasible to apply. The results presented in this paper show that potential of light pipes to commercial buildings is feasible and economical.
Observational study of the indoor environment and energy use in office buildings in tropical Asia
Authors: Yamauchi Ro , Ichinose Masayuki
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the design for office buildings in tropical Asia have been affected by the American principals. In terms of energy conservation in the building sector, it is necessary to reveal the actual conditions in each region and the requirements of the standards, which are based on American building standards. This study thus investigated the indoor and outdoor thermal environments, the thermal sensation of the occupants, and energy consumption in office buildings in tropical Asia. This study simulated two models for a comparative analysis of real conditions and standards of American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers standard 90.1-2010. The simulation analysis showed that the electric power consumption of the actual models in Bangkok and Singapore were large because of the selection of a low temperature setting. Furthermore, in several cases investigated, the internal thermal loads, such as lighting and electrical equipment, were lower than the reference value. From the analysis, this paper presents the differences between reference values used in the Western and American standards, and the actual situation in tropical areas.
How can bioclimatic design foster diversification of low-energy building strategies in the next future? – design for long-term learning process in residential building
Authors: Barghini L , Yashiro T
Published: August 2019

In recent years, Bioclimatic Design theory recognized users’ adaptive behavior a central aspect to address low-energy and comfort in buildings. Users that once were considered passive receptors of comfort, now are provided with the tools to make themselves comfortable. This paper takes a step forward, recognizing that users can be passive, reactive and creative at the same time. People often adopt complex behavior, construct proper habits or create new ones, considering their own culture and values. In this scenario, Bioclimatic Design should identify new strategies to promote sustainable behavior among final users. In this sense, knowing how inhabitants learn from built environment is the first step in this direction. Designers must adopt people perspective and identify how they relate to the built environment, receive information and act pro-environmentally. Surrounded by architectures that enable learning processes, inhabitants will be able to ethically balance energy sufficiency measures as a trade-off between energy needs reduction, unpredictable events, and individual growth. Conclusions highlight that to continue differentiating energy strategies, architecture and technology should broaden user choices and allow natural development of pro-environmental attitudes based on deep ecological culture and wellbeing.
Effect of energy information provision on occupant’s behavior and energy consumption in public spaces
Authors: Ojima K , Akashi Y , Lim J , Yoshimoto N , Chen J
Published: August 2019

‘Nudge’, which is a framework of altering people’s behaviour in a predictable way without large penalty or economic incentives, is applied to energy saving measures of buildings in several papers. However, most of them focus on energy saving in a private space such as home, and little research has been done for energy saving in a public space. In this research, field experiments were conducted with the aim of energy saving in a public space by offering information. Focusing on individual behavior in a public space, we provided information directly to an individual, not to a public. By using power taps and thermal sensors, the individual equipment electricity consumption during absence, which is considered as the amount of energy wasted, is calculated. The subjects were divided into three groups. Through the information provision, some people changed their behavior and reduced energy consumption by approximately 70%. Furthermore, it was founded that those who originally consumed much energy even when absent might tend not to change behavior by receiving information. The results from this experiment will provide fresh insight into information provision such as data visualization for energy saving of a public space and be useful for life management of occupants.
A study to examine ways to increase the prevalence of courses in environmental studies using environmentally conscious technologies
Authors: Tanaka Shunya , Nakajima Yusuke
Published: August 2019

Over the past few years, an increasing number of schools in Japan have been certified as eco-friendly. These schools incorporate environmentally conscious technologies in order to reduce energy use in school structures and to promote environmental education. The current study ascertained the use of environmentally conscious technologies in environmental education in elementary and middle schools, and it proposed an environmental studies program to increase the prevalence of environmental education. A course in environmental studies was conducted during Open House week, students and their parents were surveyed, group interviews were conducted with teachers, and the course was assessed using an environmental efforts worksheet. Survey results revealed that over 90% of parents considered the course in environmental studies necessary. Group interviews revealed that a positive aspect of conducting a course in environmental studies during Open House week was that it effectively increased the prevalence of such courses. Interviews also revealed several problems: the way in which to relay the course guide and course data need to be described in detail, and the course guide needs to be further simplified. The environmental efforts worksheet, schools that implemented the course reduced CO2 emissions (kg/mo.) by an average of about 1.6 t.
Logistic Regression Analysis of the Effect of Third Places on the Risk of Needing Long-Term Care
Authors: Hisamatsu Shinya , Ando Shintaro , Sakamoto Sho
Published: August 2019

In Japan, late elderly people (≥75 years old) tend to be unable to create social groups, because they have decreased body functions and structures. Previous studies have shown that those who are able to visit so-called “third places”, places such as cafes, libraries, and parks where people can go and spend time freely, are significantly more outgoing and have more conversations with people. The aim of our survey was to clarify the effects of the third places on the need for long-term care and support in the late elderly. We conducted a questionnaire survey for 3 weeks from September to October 2016. The subjects were late elderly people located in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka. Survey questions included their utilisation of third places, their neighbourhood environment and their health condition. A total of 629 questionnaires were distributed by mail, and 349 were correctly completed (valid response rate = 55.5%). A total of 58.6% of respondents could identify their third place. Of those, 75.6% visit their third place more than once a week. We conducted logistic regression analysis to clarify the effect of a third place on the risk of being homebound (i.e., going out less than once a week), social isolation (having a conversation less than once a week), and long-term care/support needs. The analysis model considered age, BMI, marital status, body pain, household, educational attainment, and length of residence in the target area. The resulting odds ratio (OR) for the risk of being homebound was 8.46 (p < 0.01), for social isolation was 4.40 (p < 0.01) and for long-term care/support need was 3.70 (p < 0.01). These results show that not having a third place is strongly related to high risk for needing long-term care/support.
Investigating the performance guarantee system for building envelope glass and frames in Thailand
Authors: Nagai F , Sasaki R , Ichinose M
Published: August 2019

In Southeast Asia, reduction of energy usage is a necessity because of an increasing trend in building energy consumption. The building envelope performance strongly affects the building’s energy performance necessitating it consideration in energy usage studies. Many studies have been conducted that have encouraged the growing use of green materials in Southeast Asia. However, the studies that have focused on the building envelope are few. It is, therefore, unclear whether the adopted products would perform at the level for which is decided at designed. This study analyses how to rate material performance and the glass and frame production process along with the performance guarantee system used on building envelopes in Thailand located in Southeast Asia. Data were collected in a literature review and field survey. The field survey is an interview survey which was conducted with academicians who focus on the glass industry, architects and façade contractors, and a factory survey which was conducted in a glass factory and aluminium factory in Thailand. As a result, this study presented the material performance decision factor, the production process, and the product testing phase including checking of production performance and the practically referred standards.
Challenges in Adopting Productive Landscaping Approaches in Indian Cities
Authors: Rallapalli H , Sreepada SV , Gorle J
Published: August 2019

The United Nations has projected that over two-thirds of the world’s population will be living in cities by 2050. With the desire to reach the goals of higher economic growth, Indian cities are facing rapid urbanization leading to high density living and decreasing green spaces threatening the living conditions of the urban areas. These conditions drastically changed in the recent past with the increase in temperatures and vehicular pollutants devoiding the natural systems in the cities. The scarcity of the natural resources such as water, fresh air and green spaces at one hand and the rapidly depleting resources at the other hand, the process of sustainable development and creating urban green infrastructure is becoming a challenging task for Indian cities. The major factors influencing the urban environment such as climate, water resources and air quality and other multi folded issues can be addressed through setting up of green infrastructure at various scales. The recent trend in the changing perspectives of landscape planning in Indian cities and addressing the loss of natural infrastructure in the cities has to be balanced by creating adaptable built environment with green infrastructure such as urban farms, urban forests and community farms in urban spaces as part of existing and evolving city fabric. The challenge is that such green infrastructure solutions are failing to find their way into practical form. The study focuses on analysing the parameters to incorporate sustainable green infrastructure models, challenges and strengths in adopting successful models into the city fabric. A study of various existing models at different scales from cities of Bangalore, Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam are discussed to give insights into the adaptability aspects of the model with reference to their respective urban context.