bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Early Eighteenth-Century Roman Catholic Recusants
Authors: Huelin Gordon
Published: March 2011

Among the archives belonging to the diocese of London and housed in two muniment rooms in St. Paul's Cathedral, is a bundle of papers labelled ‘Certificates as to Papists, 1706’. Curiosity having tempted me to undo and examine its contents, I now give a survey of the documents therein contained, believing that this may prove to be of value in two respects: first, as throwing new light upon members of a proscribed religion at a time which, so far as can be ascertained from books and records in libraries, Catholic and non-Catholic alike, is very poorly documented; secondly, as giving yet another insight into the character and outlook of a section of the Anglican clergy at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
The Byzantine Church: a bibliographical note on recent work
Authors: Baynes Norman H.
Published: March 2011

In these days the compilation of a bibliography of the publications of recent years is an exasperating occupation: if a book or journal has not been destroyed by bombing, it will probably be out of print, and it is not easy to understand why so many obstacles are set in the way of a free commerce in books. The result has been that students have tended to limit themselves to recording the works published in their own country. Take, for example, the field of Byzantine studies: A. Grabar has reported on ‘La Byzantinologie française pendant la Guerre 1940–45”, Byzantion, 17 (1944–5), 431–8; Wilhelm Ensslin has written a valuable critical report on German work on Byzantine history for the years 1939–47, Byzantion, 17 (1946–8), 261–302, cf. Klio 33 (1940), 349–68, 35 (1942), 164–77; in Byzantinoslavica there has appeared a series of bibliographical reports: Grabar for France in 9 (1947), 126–32, Ostrogorsky and Radolchich for Yugoslavia, ibid., 133–42; Lebedev for Russia (1936 to 1946), ibid., 97–112; M. Paulova for Czechoslovakia, ibid., 144–7; Runciman for Turkey, ibid., 143–4; A. Elian for Roumania, ibid., 393–405; Anguélov and Dimitrov for Bulgaria, ibid., 355–78; Moravcsik for Hungary, ibid., 379–92; Charanis for the United States, ibid., 342–54; for the British Isles Hussey and Baynes, ibid., 113ñ26, while Soloviev has written on Byzantine work published in Yugoslavia (1937 to 1947) in Byzantion 17 (1946–8), 303–10 and Delvoye has reported on Travaux récents sur les Monuments byzantins de la Grèce (1938ñ47), ibid., 229–60 and has studied L'Ecole Française d'Athènes et les Etudes Byzantines, R.E.B., 6 (1948), 86–93.
The Scillitan Saints and the Pauline Epistles
Authors: Bonner Gerald
Published: March 2011

It is, no doubt, appropriate that the document which ushers in the stormy history of the African Church should be a record of martyrdom. But there is another, scarcely less significant, feature in the Acts of the Scillitan Saints—a reference to Holy Scripture. Saturninus proconsul dixit: Quae sunt res in capsa vestra? Speratus dixit: Libri et epistolae Pauli, viri justi. Biblical scholar and palaeographer alike find the reference interesting. For the one, there is evidence of the spread of the text of the Bible in North Africa at the end of the second century. For the other, there is the problem of the nature of the book-form in which the scriptures circulated. Recently, however, another aspect has been mentioned, in this Journal, by Dr. W. H. C. Frend in an article on ‘The Gnostic-Manichaean tradition in North Africa’. In this article, Dr. Frend argues that there was in the North African Church, besides the rigorist tradition which produced the Donatists, and the more inclusive and more compromising element, which constituted the strength of the Catholics, a third element, whose outlook was enshrined first in the Gnostics against whom Tertullian fulminated and later in the Manichees, from whom African Catholicism was to draw her most illustrious convert. Dr. Frend argues persuasively for the existence of an historical continuity between the Gnostics and the Manichees, one of his points being that both heretical movements relied extensively on the writings of St. Paul to support their teaching. In this connexion, he writes: ‘Rejection of the Old Testament led in Africa to an almost exaggerated respect for the Epistles of St. Paul, and also for the various Gnostic Ada of the Apostles.
St. Richard of Chichester
Authors: Jacob E. F.
Published: March 2011

In the Middle Ages the Church of Chichester had many good, and some remarkable, pastors. It had its share of administrators: Richard le Poore, who went on to the bishopric of Salisbury and became one of the best of the early synodical legislators; Henry III's chancellor Ralph Neville; Henry Ware, official of the Court of Canterbury, appointed by Henry V in 1416 keeper of the privy seal; John Kemp, chancellor of Normandy and later archbishop, first of York, then of Canterbury; and Thomas Polton, a curialist versed in the ways of Rome. It had its scholardivines like William Reed who left a splendid collection of books to New College, among them a celebrated manuscript (No. cxxxiv) of Bradwardine's De Causa Dei; or the unhappy Reynold Pecock, silenced by the Church for his attempt at a rational interpretation of doctrine, one of the first to essay for that purpose an English philosophical vocabulary; or the early humanist John Rickingale, chancellor of Cambridge; and other clerks of talent and distinction. Not least noteworthy in the history of this Church was the episcopate of Richard of Droitwich, the close friend of archbishop Edmund of Abingdon, his faithful disciple and chancellor who accompanied him to France and, in time, came back to represent the spirit of his patron both in the diocese and in the English Church.
Affricating ejective fricatives: The case of Tigrinya
Authors: Shosted Ryan K. , Rose Sharon
Published: March 2011

The production of an ejective fricative involves an aerodynamic dilemma. An ejective requires increased intraoral air pressure, while a fricative requires air to be continuously vented through a narrow constriction. This venting may defeat the pressure increase. Because ejectivity is realized by forming a complete oral closure, we hypothesize that complete closure (i.e. affrication) may also typify ejective fricatives in some languages. We test this hypothesis through an acoustic production experiment with speakers of Tigrinya. We find substantial evidence that Tigrinya /s’/ is commonly realized as [ts’] and comment on the plausibility of affrication as a general strategy for the realization of ejective fricatives.
IPA NEWS
Authors: Nicolaidis Katerina
Published: March 2011

In November 2010, elections were held to choose twenty members of the Association's Council who will serve from 2011 to 2015.
The Impact of Impaired “Theory of Mind” on Social Interactions in Schizophrenia
Authors: Kosmidis Mary H. , Giannakou Maria , Garyfallos Giorgos , Kiosseoglou Grigoris , Bozikas Vassilis P.
Published: March 2011

Given the importance of social dysfunction in schizophrenia, many studies have explored how social cognition, and, particularly, Theory of Mind (ToM) may affect patients’ social interactions. In the present study, we investigated the impact of ToM deficits on social interactions, taking into account overall neuropsychological functioning as well as clinical and demographic characteristics. We assessed 28 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy participants on a series of tasks including tests of ToM, neuropsychological tests focused on functions potentially relevant to ToM and role plays as an indicator of social interactions. Patients performed more poorly than healthy controls across most ToM and some of the neuropsychological tests. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses indicated the impact of some, but not all, facets of ToM on patients’ social interactions, over and above neuropsychological functioning, positive and negative symptom ratings, duration of illness and demographic characteristics. These findings suggest that remediation of ToM deficits in patients with schizophrenia may help to improve their social interactions. (JINS, 2011, 17, 511–521)
Economic context analysis in mental health care. Usability of health financing and cost of illness studies for international comparisons
Authors: Salvador-Carulla L. , Hernández-Peña P.
Published: March 2011

This paper discusses an integrated approach to mental health studies on Financing of Illness (FoI) and health accounting, Cost of Illness (CoI) and Burden of Disease (BoD). In order to expand the mental health policies, the following are suggested: (a) an international consensus on the standard scope, methods to collect and to analyse mental health data, as well as to report comparative information; (b) mathematical models are also to be validated and tested in an integrated approach, (c) a better knowledge transfer between clinicians and knowledge engineers, and between researchers and policy makers to translate economic analysis into practice and health planning.
What are evidence-based treatment recommendations?
Authors: Barbui C. , Cipriani A.
Published: March 2011

In recent years new methodologies for developing treatment recommendations that give consideration to evidence, values, preferences and feasibility issues have been developed. One of the most well-developed approaches is theGrading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) methodology. This article briefly presents how this methodology may be employed to develop treatment recommendations that might constitute a permanent infrastructure between primary research and everyday clinical practice.
Recovered or dead? A Swedish study of 321 persons surveyed as severely mentally ill in 1995/96 but not so ten years later
Authors: Arvidsson H.
Published: March 2011

Aim.

The aim was to follow-up a group of persons who were considered severely and persistently mentally ill (SMI) at the time of the 1995 Swedish mental health-care reform but not so ten years later.

Methods.

Surveys were conducted in 1995/96 and 2006 in an area of Sweden. Of 602 persons surveyed as SMI in 1995/96, 321 were not found to be so in a similar survey in 2006. These persons were followed up concerning death rates and causes, as well as concerning recovery and present care. Comparisons between subgroups were made using the results of interviews conducted in 1995/96.

Results.

Nineteen percent of the persons considered SMI in 1995/96 were recovered in 2006 in the sense that they no longer were considered SMI. The only variable found to predict recovery was diagnosis. Half of the persons in the sample given a diagnosis of neurosis were recovered but only 6% of those given a diagnosis of psychosis. Death rates and death causes seemed to be in line with previous research.

Conclusions.

Relatively few persons were considered recovered after ten years. Most persons in the sample were still in contact with care and services.
Risk factors for postoperative depression in 150 subjects treated for drug-resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Barbieri V. , Cardinale F. , Luoni A. , Russo G. L. , Francione S. , Tassi L. , Sartori I. , Castana L. , Scarone S. , Gambini O.
Published: March 2011

Objective.

The primary goal was to identify risk factors for post-surgical depression in subjects operated on for drug-resistant epilepsy. Secondary goals were to confirm the high rate of depression in subjects suffering from epilepsy (prior to surgery) and to look for first post-surgical depressive episode.

Methods.

Case series study of 150 subjects surgically treated for partial epilepsy (side of surgery: 72 right, 78 left; site of surgery: 97 Unilobar Temporal, 17 Unilobar Frontal, 14 Posterior, 22 Multilobar). All subjects routinely had three psychiatric evaluations: before surgery (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Bivariate (Fisher exact test and Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test) and multivariate (logistic regression model fitting) analyses were performed.

Results.

Thirty-three (22%) subjects had post-surgical depressive episodes, 31 of them in the first 6 months. Fourteen out of 33 experienced depression for the first time. Post-surgical depressive episodes are not associated with gender, outcome on seizures, side/site of surgical resection, histological diagnosis, psychiatric diagnoses other than depression. Depressive episodes before surgery and older age at surgery time are risk factors for post-surgical depression (p = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively, at logistic regression analysis). No protective factors were identified.

Conclusions.

Our data show that lifetime depressive episodes and older age at surgery time are risk factors for post-surgery depression. Moreover, a prospective study could be useful in order to assess whether depression is really a consequence of surgery.
Disentangling the biological and environmental control of M. edulis shell chemistry
Authors: Heinemann Agnes , Hiebenthal Claas , Fietzke Jan , Eisenhauer Anton , Wahl Martin
Published: March 2011

Blue mussel individuals (Mytilus edulis) were cultured at four different salinities (17, 20, 29, and 34). During the course of the experiment, temperature was gradually increased from 6°C to 14°C. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of the shell calcite portions produced during the 9 weeks of experimental treatment as well parts that were precipitated before the treatment phase were measured by laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Mg/Ca ratios show a positive correlation with temperature for individuals cultured at salinity 29 and 34 (Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) ∼ (0.2–0.3)*T (°C)), while for individuals cultured at low salinities (17, 20) no trend was observed. Sr/Ca ratios were not affected by temperature but strongly by salinity. The data show very strong biological influence (“individual differences” and “physiological variability”) on elemental ratios (79% on Mg/Ca and 41% on Sr/Ca) in M. edulis calcite. The results challenge the use of blue mussel shell data as environmental proxies.
Semicontinuum model of saturation overshoot and gravity‐driven fingering in porous media
Authors: DiCarlo D. A. , Aminzadeh B. , Dehghanpour H.
Published: March 2011

Gravity‐driven multiphase flow in porous media is observed to be unstable under certain conditions. This Saffman‐Taylor instability is driven by an inversion of the water saturation profile known as saturation overshoot that standard continuum models forbid. We hypothesize that the overshoot and the large‐scale instability are created by different pore‐filling mechanisms and patterns at the discrete pore scale. We present a new model that bridges continuum‐scale and pore level physics which predicts the observed dependence of overshoot on grain size and fluid properties of the invading liquid.
Mapping the Hidden Universe: The Galaxy Distribution in the Zone of Avoidance
Authors: Kraan-Korteweg Renée C. , Juraszek Sebastian
Published: March 2011

Due to the foreground extinction of the Milky Way, galaxies become increasingly faint as they approach the Galactic Equator creating a ‘zone of avoidance’ (ZOA) in the distribution of optically visible galaxies of about 25%. A ‘whole-sky’ map of galaxies is essential, however, for understanding the dynamics in our local Universe, in particular the peculiar velocity of the Local Group with respect to the Cosmic Microwave Background and velocity flow fields such as in the Great Attractor (GA) region. The current status of deep optical galaxy searches behind the Milky Way and their completeness as a function of foreground extinction will be reviewed. It has been shown that these surveys—which in the mean time cover the whole ZOA (Figure 2)—result in a considerable reduction of the ZOA from extinction levels of AB =1m.0 (Figure 1) to AB =3m.0 (Figure 3). In the remaining, optically opaque ZOA, systematic HI surveys are powerful in uncovering galaxies, as is demonstrated for the GA region with data from the full sensitivity Parkes Multibeam HI survey (300°≤l≤332°, ∣b∣≤5°.5, Figure 4).
Neutrino Telescopes in Antarctica
Authors: Adams Jenni
Published: March 2011

It is hoped that in the near future neutrino astronomy will reach throughout and beyond our galaxy and make measurements relevant to cosmology, astrophysics, cosmic-ray and particle physics. The construction of a high-energy neutrino telescope requires a huge volume of very transparent, deeply buried material such as ocean water or ice, which acts as the medium for detecting the particles. I will describe two experiments using Antarctic ice as this medium: the AMANDA experiment employing photomultiplier tubes and RICE utilising radio receivers.
Infrared and Submillimetre Observing Conditions on the Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Hidas Marton G. , Burton Michael G. , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Storey John W. V.
Published: March 2011

The Antarctic Plateau provides the best terrestrial sites for infrared (IR) and submillimetre (sub-mm) astronomy. In this paper we examine the relative importance of temperature, aerosol content and precipitable water vapour to determine which parameters have the greatest influence on atmospheric transmission and sky brightness. We use the atmospheric modelling program MODTRAN to model the observed sky spectrum at the South Pole from the near-IR to the sub-mm. We find that temperature and aerosol content determine the quality of near-IR observing conditions, aerosol content is the determining factor in the mid-IR up to 20 μm, while at longer wavelengths, including the sub-mm, it is the water vapour content that matters. Finding a location where aerosol levels are minimised is a key constraint in determining the optimum site on the Antarctic Plateau for an IR observatory.
Observations from Australasia using the Gravitational Microlensing Technique
Authors: Yock Philip
Published: March 2011

The astronomical technique of gravitational microlensing provides new opportunities to make measurements which are difficult or impossible by other methods, or which are complementary to those obtained more directly. These include detection of dark matter, determination of galactic structure, measurement of limb darkening of stars, and searches for extra-solar planets. The technique is best suited to the southern sky, and several observations have been made from Australasia. A sample of these observations is described here. A case is also made for a telescope at the Antarctic dedicated to gravitational microlensing.
Redshift Surveys and Cosmology: A Summary of the Dunk Island Conference
Authors: Colless Matthew
Published: March 2011

Redshift surveys constitute one of the prime tools of observational cosmology. Imaging surveys of the whole sky are now available at a wide range of wavelengths, and provide a basis for the new generation of massive redshift surveys currently in progress. The very large datasets produced by these surveys call for new and sophisticated approaches to the analysis of large-scale structure and the galaxy population. These issues, and some preliminary results from the new redshift surveys, were discussed at the second Coral Sea Cosmology Conference, held at Dunk Island on 24–28 August 1999. This is a summary of the conference; the full conference proceedings are on the WWW at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/DunkIsland/Proceedings.
Standard Stars: CCD Photometry, Transformations and Comparisons
Authors: Sung Hwankyung , Bessell Michael. S.
Published: March 2011

We discuss variations of the atmospheric extinction coefficients and transformation equations to the standard UBVRI system based on observations of standard stars during 1996–1997 at Siding Spring Observatory using a thinned SITe CCD and coloured glass filters. In the transformation from the initial natural system to the Landolt version of the standard system, a large nonlinear term related to the Balmer discontinuity was required for the U transformation. We then modified the U filter, and the subsequent transformation to the SAAO version of the standard UBVRI system had only small nonlinear correction terms for U, B, and I. The correction terms relating to U and B are evidently due to the Balmer discontinuity, while that relating to I seems to be due to the Paschen discontinuity at λ ≈ 8200 Å. We also compared the results with Landolt's observations, and confirmed the difference between the two sets of standard stars (SAAO and Landolt).
Impact of Observatory Visitor Centres on the Public's Understanding of Astronomy
Authors: Burtnyk Kimberly
Published: March 2011

In recent years, formal astronomy education has become an issue of great interest. Indeed, some boards of education now officially include astronomy in their curricula. While formal astronomy education continues to gain attention, informal astronomy education for the general public has rarely been addressed. One valuable source of informal astronomy education is the observatory ‘visitor centre’. Observatories draw thousands of visitors each year, and as such represent a golden opportunity for the astronomical community to communicate directly with the public. This paper summarises an exploratory study of the cognitive and affective impacts of a visit to the visitor centres located at Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories.
Long-term Monitoring of Molonglo Calibrators
Authors: Gaensler B. M. , Hunstead R. W.
Published: March 2011

Before and after every 12 hour synthesis observation, the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) measures the flux densities of ∼5 compact extragalactic radio sources, chosen from a list of 55 calibrators. From 1984 to 1996, the MOST made some 58,000 such measurements. We have developed an algorithm to process this dataset to produce a light curve for each source spanning this thirteen-year period. We find that 18 of the 55 calibrators are variable, on time scales between one and ten years. There is the tendency for sources closer to the Galactic Plane to be more likely to vary, which suggests that the variability is a result of refractive scintillation in the Galactic interstellar medium. The sources with the flattest radio spectra show the highest levels of variability, an effect possibly resulting from differing orientations of the radio axes to the line of sight.
STaRS: Space Science Teaching and Resource Site
Authors: Mackie Glen
Published: March 2011

A World Wide Web site has been developed by astronomers and educators at Carter Observatory. STaRS is the Space science Teaching and Resource Site (www.vuw.ac.nz/~mackie/STaRS.html) and its objectives are to (1) present astronomy investigations for 8 to 12 year olds and (2) promote topical astronomy and space science studies for a general audience. The educational investigations drawn from local and international sources and the resources provided to teachers are described. The structure and content of the general audience pages are summarised. Details of site promotion and usage and critical comment from users and educators are given.
Astronomy Laboratory: What are we going to make today?
Authors: Feteris Susan , Hutton Don
Published: March 2011

The workshop programme of a new first year university astronomy subject with low capital costs incorporates diverse learning experiences: planisphere, time around the world, sundial, telescope, computer simulation, planetarium, spectroscope, poster, debate, night-time observatory trip. The practical activities, used to address specific learning objectives, emerged clearly as a major strength of the subject as evaluated by the mixed student cohort.
Assessment Techniques in an Online Astronomy Course
Authors: Mazzolini Margaret
Published: March 2011

Teaching an astronomy course online involves many challenges. One major challenge is the design of appropriate, practical and challenging forms of assessment which focus both on the astronomy content of the course and on the particular astronomy interests of the enrollees. This paper will discuss the assessment approaches we have chosen for our introductory-level subjects, the outcomes obtained and the reactions of the course participants. In particular, some of the wide variety of project work undertaken by the participants will be described.
Preparing Astronomy Majors for the Job Market of the New Millennium
Authors: Migenes Victor
Published: March 2011

In the past few years the American Physical Society (APS) has conducted a number of surveys among the graduate student population in the US and also among young researchers. The purpose was to get an idea of the career expectations of the students and how these are met later on in their life. Two of the conclusions were: (1) students want to work in a research environment, preferably academic, and (2) graduate and undergraduate programs are not preparing them well for the different challenges and goals found in industry, the private sector and national laboratories. Jobs in academia, especially tenured positions, have been difficult to obtain forcing many students to give up on their goals after one or two postdoctoral positions. Some have found jobs in other sectors but others feel frustrated that their careers have not met their expectations and are poorly ‘prepared’ for other options. In the areas of Physics and Astronomy there is not much of a job market without graduate studies. So most students must continue graduate work, in these or other fields, in order to compete well in the job market. Graduate and undergraduate programs must become more responsible for the present state of affairs and for implementing improvements. This can be done by broadening the scope of the present programs so that a student is better prepared to face the challenges of other job opportunities. We present here a BSc program designed by astronomers and physicists, at the University of Guanajuato, to try to address some of these concerns and better prepare the students for either continuing with graduate studies or finding employment in an ever-changing job market.
Astro Concepts: Learning Underlying Physics Principles in Conceptual Astronomy
Authors: Mazzolini Margaret , Halls Bronwyn
Published: March 2011

Astro Concepts is a project within Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne developing browser-based software modules on Optical Telescopes, Nebulae and Binary Stars. The modules are designed to enhance students' understanding of basic physics concepts, which underlie introductory-level conceptual astronomy courses. When complete, the Astro Concepts modules will be available for use in university courses in introductory astronomy, introductory physics teaching, secondary teaching and online astronomy education. The strategy outlined here is to obtain a reasonable level of understanding of the necessary physics concepts by presenting them embedded in relevant and interesting astronomy contexts, and by the use of an engaging educational approach requiring active learning by the student.
Pre-course Results from the Astronomy Diagnostic Test
Authors: Hufnagel Beth , Slater Timothy , Deming Grace , Adams Jeff , Adrian Rebecca L. , Brick Christine , Zeilik Michael
Published: March 2011

We present selected results from the January 1999 semester pre-course administration of the Astronomy Diagnostic Test (ADT), a research-based, multiple-choice instrument that assesses student knowledge and understanding about selected concepts in astronomy. The ADT is valid for undergraduate non-science majors taking an introductory astronomy course. This paper briefly summarises the development and validation processes, which included pre-course administration to 1557 students in 22 classes attending 17 various post-secondary institutions across the USA in the January 1999 semester. Two interesting results of the ADT's pre-course administration are (1) the average class score of the ADT is about the same (32%) regardless of type of post-secondary institution or class size and (2) there is a significant gender difference, with women scoring an average of 28% and men 38%, with the standard errors both less than 1%. The current version of the ADT (Version 2 dated 21 June 1999) and a comparative by-class database is available to astronomy instructors at the (USA) Association of Astronomy Educators' and the National Institute for Science Education's (NISE) WebPages.
A Cosmic Ray Muon Detector for Astronomy Teaching
Authors: Clay R. W. , Kurban Z. , Maghrabi A. H. , Wild N. R.
Published: March 2011

Practical astronomy is usually taught using optical telescopes or, more rarely, radio telescopes. For a similar cost, complementary studies may be made of astrophysical particles through the use of a modestly sized muon detector. Such a detector records the arrival of cosmic ray particles that have traversed the heliosphere and the rate of muon detections reflects the flux of those particles. That flux is controlled by the day to day properties of the heliosphere which is in a state of constant change as the outflowing solar wind is affected by solar activity. As a consequence, a laboratory muon detector, whose count rate depends on the state of the heliosphere, can be an interesting and useful teaching tool that is complementary to optical or radio studies of the Sun.
Large-scale Structures behind the Southern Milky Way from Observations of Partially Obscured Galaxies
Authors: Kraan-Korteweg R. C. , Woudt P. A. , Henning P. A.
Published: March 2011

We report here on extragalactic large-scale structures uncovered by a deep optical survey for galaxies behind the southern Milky Way. Systematic visual inspection of the ESO/SRC survey revealed over 10000 previously unknown galaxies in the region 265° ≲ l ≲ 340°, ∣b∣ ≲ 10°. With subsequently obtained redshifts of more than 10% of these galaxies, new structures across the Milky Way are unveiled, such as a filament at ∼2500 km s−1 connecting to the Hydra and Antlia clusters, a shallow extended superduster in Vela (∼6000 km s−1), and a nearby (4882 km s−1), very massive (M ∼ 2 – 5 × 1015M☉), rich Coma-like cluster which seems to constitute the previously unidentified centre of the Great Attractor.

The innermost part of the Milky Way, where the foreground obscuration in the blue is AB ≳ 5m, i.e. where HI-column densities Nhi ≳ 6·1021cm−2, remains fully opaque. In this approximately 8° wide strip, the forthcoming blind HI survey with the multibeam system at Parkes will provide the only tool to unveil this part of the extragalactic sky.
HI Searches in the Zone of Avoidance: Past and Present (and Future)
Authors: Henning P. A.
Published: March 2011

In the regions of highest optical obscuration and infrared confusion, only 21-cm emission can be used to find galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance. A feasibility study conducted with the 300-ft telescope successfully uncovered galaxies which seem to be consistent with populations of optically-selected low surface brightness galaxies. A complete survey is currently being conducted in the north with the Dwingeloo telescope. The big breakthrough should come in the south, however, with the advent of the Parkes telescope multibeam system.
Cosmology using the Parkes HI Multibeam Southern Sky Survey
Authors: Thomas P. A.
Published: March 2011

I discuss the implications of the Parkes Multibeam Southern Sky HI Survey for cosmology. It will determine the local mass function of HI clouds, detecting several hundred per decade of mass. Each of these will come with a redshift and, for the more massive clouds, an estimate of the velocity width. This will provide an ideal database for peculiar motion studies and for measurements of biasing of galaxies relative to the underlying matter distribution.
Local HI: Constraints on the Evolution of the HI Content of the Universe
Authors: Briggs F. H.
Published: March 2011

Analyses of QSO absorption lines show that the HI content has evolved over the redshift range z = 5 to z = 0. The 21-cm line measurements of the z = 0 HI content avoid several biases inherent in the absorption-line technique, such as the influence of evolving dust content in the absorbers, and will produce a reliable measure to anchor theories of galaxy evolution. Examples of important questions to be addressed by local HI surveys are: (1) Is there a significant population of gas-rich galaxies or intergalactic clouds that is missing from the census of optically selected galaxies? (2) Is there an adequate reservoir of neutral gas to substantially prolong star formation at its present rate? (3) Are there massive objects of such low HI column density that they can have escaped detection in the ‘unbiased’ HI surveys that have been conducted so far?
HI in Shell Galaxies and Other Merger Remnants
Authors: Malin David , Hadley Brian
Published: March 2011

The few elliptical galaxies with detected HI almost all seem to have optical peculiarities as well, though these are often well hidden and require special image enhancement techniques to reveal them. In this paper we show several deep images of ellipticals with optical shells which are associated with HI, and suggest that mergers, or at least encounters with gas-rich galaxies, are responsible. We also show some disk galaxies with unusual faint extensions, some of them the kinds of interactions that may result in HI in ellipticals. These illustrations are drawn from an atlas of low surface brightness images of bright galaxies currently in preparation.
The MOST Galactic Plane Survey
Authors: Green A. J.
Published: March 2011

The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) has been upgraded to increase the diameter of the field of view from 70′ to 2·7°. A survey of the Galactic Plane is proposed to completely cover the region 240° ≤ l ≤ 365°, ∣ b ∣ ≤ 10° with a (1σ) sensitivity of 1–2 mJy. The results will provide a major resource for the investigation of supernova remnants, HII regions and transient radio sources. They will also be correlated with the galaxy search from the HI multibeam survey to be conducted at the Parkes telescope.
A UKST Hα Survey of the Galactic Plane
Authors: Parker Q. A. , Phillipps Q. S.
Published: March 2011

We describe a major Anglo-Australian project to undertake a UKST Ha survey of the Southern Galactic plane, Magellanic clouds and selected regions. The survey will use a new 12 × 12 inch monolithic Hα interference filter of high specification and Tech Pan film which offers significant advantages over other emulsions due to its peak sensitivity at Ha and its extremely fine grain, high resolution, exceptional DQE, excellent imaging and low noise. A survey of unprecedented area coverage, depth and resolution should result, superior to any previous optical survey of ionised gas in the galaxy. It is certain to lead to exciting new discoveries and new avenues of research.
An Obscured Galaxy Redshift Survey with FLAIR
Authors: Wakamatsu K. , Malkan M. , Parker Q. A. , Karoji H.
Published: March 2011

A problem for studies of large scale structures in nearby space (cz < 10,000 km s-1) is the presence of the Zone of Avoidance which is so large and wide on the sky that potentially important clusters and voids remain undetected. A prime example was the Ophiuchus cluster discovered by Wakamatsu and Malkan (1981) as a heavily obscured cD cluster close to the Galactic centre region (l = 0·5°, b = +9·5°). It is the second brightest X-ray cluster after Perseus. A hidden galaxy survey was performed by visually searching ESO/SERC Sky Survey (R and J) copy films of the region centred at l = 355°, b = +10° finding more than 4000 galaxies in six fields. Several irregular clusters adjacent to Ophiuchus were found forming a supercluster which may be connected to the Hercules supercluster by a wall structure parallel to the local supergalactic plane (Wakamatsu et al. 1994). In front of this supercluster, an 'Ophiuchus Void' is suggested (cz = 4,500 km s-1). The Ophiuchus supercluster at cz = 8,500 km s-1 is similar to the Hercules supercluster (cz = 11,000 km s-1), and extends north toward the latter supercluster.
Fundamental Relationships in Galactic Disks
Authors: Ryder Stuart D.
Published: March 2011

Although a number of correlations have been demonstrated between observable parameters in galaxies, such as surface brightness, luminosity, metallicity, etc., debate continues as to which of these parameters are truly fundamental. Following a major surface photometry program and Hiiregion abundance analysis, we have been able to show that the surface density of recent massive star formation, the surface density of stars already formed, and the mean oxygen abundance at a given galactic radius are all fundamentally related within and between the disks of spiral galaxies. Such relationships can serve as powerful constraints on models of galactic evolution, requiring, for instance, a star formation law dependent not only on gas surface density, but also on the total mass surface density.
Stability of Accretion Shocks with a Composite Cooling Function
Authors: Saxton Curtis J. , Wu Kinwah , Pongracic Helen
Published: March 2011

Stability of accretion onto magnetic white dwarfs is investigated via perturbation analysis. We consider a cooling function with composite power laws, and the power-law indices are appropriate for bremsstrahlung and optically thick cyclotron cooling. We find that the presence of cyclotron cooling generally suppresses the instability, consistent with numerical simulations by other investigators.
MAPPIT 2: Second Generation High-resolution Imaging at the AAT
Authors: Robertson J. G.
Published: March 2011

Interferometric methods have been used at a number of observatories to improve the spatial resolution of large optical telescopes, approaching and in some cases reaching the diffraction limit. The principal methods used have been speckle interferometry and non-redundant masking (NRM). The MAPPIT (Masked APerture Plane Interference Telescope) instrument has been used for NRM observations at the 3·9 m Anglo-Australian Telescope. This paper describes a proposed instrument, MAPPIT 2, which would use a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor in parallel with an interferometer performing NRM or one-dimensional speckle interferometry. The inclusion of the data from the wavefront sensor will enhance the sensitivity of the instrument, especially for the imaging of relatively complex objects (those giving more than a few resolution elements with non-zero intensities). Limiting the instantaneous spatial resolution to one dimension allows available CCD detectors to operate with 100% duty cycle. Observations at a number of position angles allow two-dimensional images to be obtained.
Cosmic Ray Induced Noise in Gravitational Wave Detectors
Authors: Clay R. W. , Smith A. G. K. , Reid J. L.
Published: March 2011

Cosmic radiation is capable of depositing significant quantities of energy and momentum in gravitational wave antennas at times that will generally be random with respect to gravitational signals. Such cosmic ray effects may generate noise signals at detectable levels compared to antenna design thresholds at rates of a few per year but, since antennas will not be capable of absorbing all the cosmic ray energy, it should be readily possible to construct vetoing cosmic ray detectors. For proposed interferometer antennas, a deposition of a few hundred GeV will produce a detectable noise signal and the veto will require about 100 MeV of energy deposition outside the antenna. We consider here some of the principles involved in the generation of gravitational antenna noise by cosmic ray particles and we describe a veto system to be installed at the Perth gravitational wave observatory.
Image Digitising and Analysis of Outflows from Young Stars
Authors: Zealey W. J. , Mader S. L.
Published: March 2011

We present IIIaJ, IIIaF and IVN band images of HH objects digitised from the ESO/SERC Southern Sky Survey plates. These form part of a digital image database of southern HH objects, which allows the identification of emission and reflection nebulosity and the location of the obscured sources of outflows.
Visual Supernova Searching with the 40 inch Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory
Authors: Evans Robert
Published: March 2011

Preliminary results are presented arising from the use of the 40 inch telescope at Siding Spring Observatory for visual supernova hunting over a period of about 18 months. The use of the telescope in this way is continuing. These results are compared with the performance of my 41 em backyard telescope over the same 18-month period, and with recently announced results from the Perth Observatory's Automated Supernova Search using their 61 em telescope over a three-year period.
Initial Statistics from the Perth Automated Supernova Search
Authors: Williams Andrew J.
Published: March 2011

The Perth Automated Supernova Search uses the 61-cm PLAT (Perth Lowell Automated Telescope) at Perth Observatory, Western Australia. Since 1993 January 1, five confirmed supernovae have been found by the search. The analysis of the first three years of data is discussed, and preliminary results presented. We find a Type Ib/c rate of 0·43±0·43 SNu, and a Type IIP rate of 0·86±0·49 SNu, where SNu are ‘supernova units’, expressed in supernovae per 1010 LB⊙ galaxy per century. These values are for a Hubble constant of 75 kms−1 Mpc−1, and scale as (H0/75)2.
Marseille Observatory Hα Survey of the Southern Galactic Plane and Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Russeil D. , Georgelin Y. M. , Amram P. , Georgelin Y. P. , Laval A. , Marcelin M.
Published: March 2011

The ionised gas regions, which are the main tracers of the spiral arms, can be used for the study and determination of the spiral structure of our Galaxy. Towards this goal, the Marseille Observatory elaborated and developed an instrument, using a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer, particularly suited for the observation of extended objects. A survey of the southern Galactic plane then started at the beginning of 1990. The major instrumental aim is to obtain spectral information, and therefore the ionised gas kinematics, in each pixel of the observed fields. Already 300 fields of 38′×38′ have been observed in Hα with a spatial resolution of 9″×9″, covering almost the entire fourth quadrant of the Galactic plane, and numerous discrete HII regions have been detected, as well as diffuse emission which is widely distributed. Also, the Magellanic Clouds have been studied using the same instrument.
Bright Prospects: Comparing the Hα Survey with Large-scale Radio Continuum Emission
Authors: Duncan A. R. , Haynes R. F.
Published: March 2011

Prospects for comparisons between the AAO/UKST Hα survey and large-scale radio continuum emission are considered, with particular reference to the recently completed Parkes 2·4 GHz survey of the southern Galactic Plane. Both these surveys have a high sensitivity to thermal emission, and comparisons between the Parkes work and previous Hα surveys show many objects in common. Possibilities for new detections include: a number of new supernova remnants; the faint extensions and envelopes surrounding ‘classical’ HII complexes, and other faint regions of thermal emission; several active HII complexes, including an outflow of ionised gas from IC 4628 and a number of bi-polar ‘plumes’ of low-density, thermal material apparently associated with HII complexes on the Carina spiral arm.
The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
Authors: English J. , Taylor A. R. , Irwin J. A. , Dougherty S. M. , Basu S. , Beichman C. , Brown J. , Cao Y. , Carignan C. , Crabtree D. , Dewdney P. , Duric N. , Fich M. , Gagnon E. , Galt J. , Germain S. , Ghazzali N. , Gibson S. J. , Godbout S. , Gray A. , A. Green D. , Heiles C. , Heyer M. , Higgs L. , Jean S. , Johnstone D. , Joncas G. , Landecker T. , Langer W. , Leahy D. , Martin P. , Matthews H. , McCutcheon W. , Moriarity-Scheiven G. , Pineault S. , Purton C. , Roger R. , Routledge D. , St-Louis N. , Tapping K. , Terebey S. , Vaneldik F. , Watson D. , Wendker H. , Willis T. , Zhang X.
Published: March 2011

The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) is carrying out a survey as part of an international collaboration to image the northe, at a common resolution, in emission from all major constituents of the interstellar medium; the neutral atomic gas, the molecular gas, the ionised gas, dust and relativistic plasma. For many of these constituents the angular resolution of the images (1 arcmin) will be more than a factor of 10 better than any previous studies. The aim is to produce a publicly-available database of high resolution, high-dynamic range images of the Galaxy for multi-phase studies of the physical states and processes in the interstellar medium. We will sketch the main scientific motivations as well as describe some preliminary results from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey/Releve Canadien du Plan Galactique (CGPS/RCPG).
Kinematical Study of Old HII Regions and Optical Counterpart to the DRAO Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
Authors: Godbout Steve , Joncas Gilles , Drissen Laurent
Published: March 2011

This project aims to tackle a few unresolved problems related to the interstellar medium (ISM) by acting as an optical counterpart to the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS). We have three main objectives: (1) the study of large/old HII regions; (2) observations of targets-of-opportunity that may be found by the CGPS; (3) comparison of the kinematics of extragalactic (M33) and galactic HII regions. (1) Old HII regions having large spatial extents will be observed to establish their kinematical structure when almost no molecular material is left to produce photodissociated flows. Does turbulence play a role in these objects as for younger nebulae? (2) Ionised nebulae observed by the CGPS that are peculiar, either morphologically or by special association with neutral hydrogen, will also be observed. (3) The kinematical behaviour of old HII regions in M33 will be compared with that of galactic HII regions. With both data sets in hand we will check if HII regions, like supernovae, dump energy into the neutral ISM. The instrument used as well as some very preliminary data are presented.
Density Bounding of Giant HII Regions and the Ionisation of the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Authors: Beckman J. E. , Rozas M. , Knapen J. H.
Published: March 2011

Three different types of evidence are presented in favour of the hypothesis that the HII regions in disk galaxies with Hα luminosities greater than a critical value of 1038·6 erg s−1 are density-bounded, and that the escaping Lyman continuum photons from these are the principal ionising agents for the diffuse ISM in disk galaxies. This has important implications for the ionisation of the intergalactic medium, and for computed star formation rates in spirals.
The Diffuse Ionised Gas in NGC 4449
Authors: Muñoz-Tuñón C. , Fuentes-Masip O. , Castañeda H. O.
Published: March 2011

It is now well established that there is a diffuse ionised medium which extends far beyond the disks of spirals. The mechanism responsible for the ionisation is still an issue of debate, and the method of measuring the total luminosity, independently of the observational set-up, has to be defined. Here we analyse the case of the Magellanic irregular NGC 4449, using Fabry–Perot bidimensional mapping of the Hα emission line, at the 4·2 m William Herschel Telescope (WHT) telescope on La Palma, Canary Islands. The total spatial coverage of 80×80 arcsec2 allows most of the star forming regions to be sampled at 0·26 arcsec/pixel spatial resolution. Using 3D spectroscopy, it is possible to define the individual star-forming regions and to produce a luminosity versus size diagram. This can be used to estimate directly the number of photons leaking out from those regions exceeding the thickness of the galactic disc. In the case of NGC 4449 it is shown that the large population of GEHRs can be the source of UV photons ionising the diffuse ionised gas (DIG) of the galaxy, and the logL–R diagram can be used to quantify the number of photons leaking out of the material surrounding the star forming regions. In the case of NGC 4449 it is found that 54% of the total luminosity of the giant star-forming regions is lost to the DIG. This implies a contribution of 3·12×1040 erg s−1 (1 erg s−1 = 10−7 J s−1) which amounts to 30% of the galaxy total Hα luminosity.