bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences of upwind emission sources and atmospheric processing on aerosol chemistry and properties at a rural location in the Northeastern U.S.
Authors: Zhou Shan , Collier Sonya , Xu Jianzhong , Mei Fan , Wang Jian , Lee Yin‐Nan , Sedlacek Arthur J. , Springston Stephen R. , Sun Yele , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2016

Continuous real‐time measurements of atmospheric aerosol with an Aerodyne high‐resolution time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer coupled with a fast temperature‐stepping thermodenuder were carried out in summer 2011 at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL, 40.871°N, 72.89°W) during the Department of Energy Aerosol Life Cycle Intensive Operational Period campaign. BNL was frequently downwind of emissions from the New York metropolitan area and was exposed to various combinations of anthropogenic, biogenic, and marine emissions based on air mass history. The average concentration of submicrometer aerosol (PM1) during this study was 12.6 µg m−3 with 64% of the mass being organic. Organic aerosol (OA) at BNL was found to be overwhelmingly secondary, consisting of (1) a fresher, semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV‐OOA; oxygen‐to‐carbon ratio (O/C) = 0.54; 63% of OA mass) that was strongly influenced by transported urban plumes; (2) a regional, more aged, low‐volatility OOA (LV‐OOA; O/C = 0.97; 29% of OA mass) influenced by aqueous‐phase processing; and (3) a nitrogen‐enriched OA (NOA; nitrogen‐to‐carbon ratio (N/C) = 0.185; 8% of OA mass) likely composed of amine salts formed from acid‐base reactions in industrial emissions. Urban emissions from the New York metropolitan areas to the W and SW in particular led to elevated PM1 mass concentration and altered aerosol composition at BNL. Transported urban plumes and local biogenic emissions likely interacted to enhance secondary organic aerosol production, primarily represented by SV‐OOA. These results suggest an important role that urban anthropogenic emissions play in affecting ambient PM concentration, composition, and physical‐chemical properties at rural areas in the Northeast U.S.
Indicators for monitoring sustainable development goals: An application to oceanic development in the European Union
Authors: Rickels Wilfried , Dovern Jonas , Hoffmann Julia , Quaas Martin F. , Schmidt Jörn O. , Visbeck Martin
Published: May 2016

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes a set of 17 sustainable development goals (SDG) with 169 specific targets. As such, it could be a step forward in achieving efficient governance and policies for global sustainable development. However, the current indicator framework with its broad set of individual indicators prevents straightforward assessment of synergies and trade‐offs between the various indicators, targets, and goals, thus, heightening the significance of policy guidance in achieving sustainable development. With our detailed analysis of SDG 14 (Ocean) for European Union (EU) coastal states, we demonstrate how the (complementary) inclusion of composite indicators that aggregate the individual indicators by applying a generalized mean can provide important additional information and facilitate the assessment of sustainable development in general and in the SDG context in particular. Embedded in the context of social choice theory, the generalized mean varies the specification of substitution elasticity and thus allows: (a) for a straightforward distinction between a concept of weak and strong sustainability and (b) for straightforward sensitivity analysis. We show that while in general the EU coastal states have a fairly balanced record at the SDG 14 level, certain countries like Slovenia and Portugal with a fairly balanced and a fairly unbalanced showing, respectively, rank very differently in terms of the two concepts of strong sustainability.
Quantifying the impact of submesoscale processes on the spring phytoplankton bloom in a turbulent upper ocean using a Lagrangian approach
Authors: Brody Sarah R. , Lozier M. Susan , Mahadevan Amala
Published: May 2016

The spring phytoplankton bloom in the subpolar North Atlantic and the mechanisms controlling its evolution and onset have important consequences for marine ecosystems and carbon cycling. Submesoscale mixed layer eddies (MLEs) play a role in the onset of the bloom by creating localized stratification and alleviating phytoplankton light limitation; however, the importance of MLEs for phytoplankton in a turbulent surface mixed layer has not yet been examined. We explore the effect of MLEs on phytoplankton by simulating their trajectories with Lagrangian particles subject to turbulent vertical displacements in an MLE‐resolving model. By tracking the light exposure of the simulated phytoplankton, we find that MLEs can advance the timing of the spring bloom by 1 to 2 weeks, depending on surface forcing conditions. The onset of the bloom is linked with the onset of positive heat fluxes, whether or not MLEs are present.
Electron currents and heating in the ion diffusion region of asymmetric reconnection
Authors: Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Norgren C. , Vaivads A. , André M. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. T. , Ergun R. E. , Paterson W. R. , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Avanov L. A. , Lavraud B. , Saito Y. , Magnes W. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Torbert R. B. , Burch J. L.
Published: May 2016

In this letter the structure of the ion diffusion region of magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause is investigated using the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. The ion diffusion region is characterized by a strong DC electric field, approximately equal to the Hall electric field, intense currents, and electron heating parallel to the background magnetic field. Current structures well below ion spatial scales are resolved, and the electron motion associated with lower hybrid drift waves is shown to contribute significantly to the total current density. The electron heating is shown to be consistent with large‐scale parallel electric fields trapping and accelerating electrons, rather than wave‐particle interactions. These results show that sub‐ion scale processes occur in the ion diffusion region and are important for understanding electron heating and acceleration.
Electron acceleration associated with the magnetic flux pileup regions in the near‐Earth plasma sheet: A multicase study
Authors: Tang C. L. , Zhou M. , Yao Z. H. , Shi F.
Published: May 2016

Using the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations, we study electron acceleration (<30 keV) in the magnetic flux pileup regions (FPRs) in the near‐Earth plasma sheet (X ~ –10 RE). We present three cases of FRPs associated with dipolarization fronts and substorm dipolarization. Based on the characteristics of the magnetic field, we defined the magnetic field enhancement region (MFER) as the magnetic field with significant ramp that is usually observed near the dipolarization front boundary layer. On the other side, the increased magnetic field without a significant ramp is the rest of a FPR. Our results show that betatron acceleration dominates for 10–30 keV electrons inside the MFER, whereas Fermi acceleration dominates for 10–30 keV electrons inside the rest of the FPR. Betatron acceleration is caused by the enhancement of the local magnetic field, whereas Fermi acceleration is related to the shrinking length of magnetic field line. These accelerated electrons inside the FPRs in the near‐Earth tail play a potentially important role in the evolution of the Earth's electron radiation belt and substorms.
A Versatile Self‐Organization Printing Method for Simplified Tandem Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Seok , Kang Hongkyu , Hong Soonil , Lee Jinho , Lee Seongyu , Park Byoungwook , Kim Junghwan , Lee Kwanghee
Published: May 2016

Despite recent dramatic enhancements in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) resulting in values over 10%, the manufacturing of tandem organic solar cells (OSCs) via current printing technologies is subject to tremendous challenges. Existing complicated tandem structures consisting of six or more component layers have been a major obstacle that significantly increases the complexity of printing processes and substantially sacrifices the PCE for printed devices. Here, an innovative printing method is reported that simplifies the fabrication process of the tandem OSCs. By developing a new printing technique using a nanocomposites containing interfacial and photoactive materials, a simultaneously printed bilayer of consisting of interfacial and photoactive layers, achieved through vertical self‐organization, is successfully demonstrated, resulting in tandem OSCs with only four printed layers. Moreover, by rigorously controlling the molecular weight of the interfacial materials, the self‐assembly characteristics are improved and an efficient tandem OSC is yielded with a PCE of 9.1% achieved in printed layers.
Drug Delivery of Cisplatin to Breast Cancer by Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles
Authors: Koohi Moftakhari Esfahani Maedeh , Alavi Seyed Ebrahim , Shahbazian Shahedeh , Ebrahimi Shahmabadi Hasan
Published: May 2016

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second cause of cancer‐related death in women worldwide. Chemotherapy of disease is impeded by subsequent relapse and metastasis. Nanoparticles as drug carriers have been shown the promising results. Cisplatin‐loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully constructed, and its efficacy and toxicity were evaluated on an orthotopic breast cancer model. Cisplatin‐loaded PBCA NPs were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization technique. NPs were characterized with photon correlation spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and spectrophotometry techniques. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of nanodrug. To evaluate the efficacy of Cisplatin‐loaded PBCA NPs an orthotopic model of breast tumor was employed. The cell viability of nanodrug compared to that of the standard drug had a significant decrease by 75% at the first 24 h. In vivo studies showed that the number of mice treated with Cisplatin bound to PBCA NPs was significantly more than the standard drug receivers (8 against 5 mice). Considering the body weight loss as toxicity effects, nanodrug receivers were also shown significantly lesser body weight loss compared to drug receivers groups (20 against 26%).
Liver function as an engineering system
Authors: Ashworth William , Perez‐Galvan Carlos , Davies Nathan , Bogle Ian David Lockhart
Published: May 2016

Process Systems Engineering has tackled a wide range of problems including manufacturing, the environment, and advanced materials design. Here we discuss how tools can be deployed to tackle medical problems which involve complex chemical transformations and spatial phenomena looking in particular at the liver system, the body's chemical factory. We show how an existing model has been developed to model distributed behavior necessary to predict the behavior of drugs for treating liver disease. The model has been used to predict the effects of suppression of de novo lipogenesis, stimulation of β‐oxidation and a combination of the two. A reduced model has also been used to explore the prediction of behavior of hormones in the blood stream controlling glucose levels to ensure that levels are kept within safe bounds using interval methods. The predictions are made resulting from uncertainty in two key parameters with oscillating input resulting from regular feeding. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 62: 3285–3297, 2016
Obstructive sleep apnea decreases central nervous system–derived proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Ju Yo‐El S. , Finn Mary Beth , Sutphen Courtney L. , Herries Elizabeth M. , Jerome Gina M. , Ladenson Jack H. , Crimmins Daniel L. , Fagan Anne M. , Holtzman David M.
Published: May 2016

We hypothesized that one mechanism underlying the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer's disease is OSA leading to decreased slow wave activity (SWA), increased synaptic activity, decreased glymphatic clearance, and increased amyloid‐β. Polysomnography and lumbar puncture were performed in OSA and control groups. SWA negatively correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid‐β‐40 among controls and was decreased in the OSA group. Unexpectedly, amyloid‐β‐40 was decreased in the OSA group. Other neuronally derived proteins, but not total protein, were also decreased in the OSA group, suggesting that OSA may affect the interaction between interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid. Ann Neurol 2016;80:154–159
Elevated basal glutamate and unchanged glutamine and GABA in refractory epilepsy: Microdialysis study of 79 patients at the yale epilepsy surgery program
Authors: Çavuş Idil , Romanyshyn Jonathan C. , Kennard Jeremy T. , Farooque Pue , Williamson Anne , Eid Tore , Spencer Susan S. , Duckrow Robert , Dziura James , Spencer Dennis D.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Aberrant glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission contribute to seizure generation and the epileptic state. However, whether levels of these neurochemicals are abnormal in epileptic patients is unknown. Here, we report on interictal levels of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA in epilepsy patients at seizure onset and nonepileptic sites, cortical lesions, and from patients with poorly localized neocortical epilepsies.

Methods

Subjects (n = 79) were medically refractory epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalogram evaluation. Microdialysis probes (n = 125) coupled to depth electrodes were implanted within suspected seizure onset sites and microdialysis samples were obtained during interictal periods. Glutamate, glutamine, and GABA were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Probe locations were subsequently classified by consensus of expert epileptologists.

Results

Glutamate levels were elevated in epileptogenic (p = 0.03; n = 7), nonlocalized (p < 0.001), and lesional cortical sites (p < 0.001) when compared to nonepileptogenic cortex. Glutamate was also elevated in epileptogenic (p < 0.001) compared to nonepileptogenic hippocampus. There were no statistical differences in GABA or glutamine, although GABA levels showed high variability across patients and groups.

Interpretation

Our findings indicate that chronically elevated extracellular glutamate is a common pathological feature among epilepsies with different etiology. Contrary to our predictions, GABA and glutamine levels were not decreased in any of the measured areas. Whereas variability in GABA levels may in part be attributed to the use of GABAergic antiepileptic drugs, the stability in glutamine across patient groups indicate that extracellular glutamine levels are under tighter metabolic regulation than previously thought. Ann Neurol 2016;80:35–45
White matter integrity as a mediator in the relationship between dietary nutrients and cognition in the elderly
Authors: Gu Yian , Vorburger Robert S. , Gazes Yunglin , Habeck Christian G. , Stern Yaakov , Luchsinger José A. , Manly Jennifer J. , Schupf Nicole , Mayeux Richard , Brickman Adam M.
Published: May 2016

Objective

We examined the association of nutrient intake with microstructural white matter integrity, and the role of white matter integrity in the association between nutrient consumption and cognition.

Methods

This cross‐sectional analysis included 239 elderly (age ≥ 65 years) participants of a multiethnic cohort. White matter integrity was measured with fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Nutrient patterns were derived from principal component analysis based on energy‐adjusted intake of 24 selected nutrients. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between nutrient patterns and mean FA of 26 white matter tracts. Mediation analysis was used to determine whether FA mediates the nutrient–cognition relationship. All models were adjusted for age at time of scan, gender, ethnicity, education, caloric intake, and apolipoprotein genotype.

Results

Among the identified 6 nutrient patterns, 1 (nutrient pattern 6, characterized by high intakes of Ω‐3 and Ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E) was positively associated with FA. Those with the highest tertile of nutrient pattern 6 score had a mean of 0.01 (p = 0.01) higher FA value than those with the lowest tertile, similar to the effect of a 10‐year decrease in age (b for age = −0.001, p = 0.01). FA mediated the relationship between nutrient pattern 6 and memory, language, visuospatial and speed/executive function, and mean cognitive scores.

Interpretation

Our study suggests that older adults consuming more polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E rich foods had better white matter integrity, and that maintaining white matter microstructural integrity might be a mechanism for the beneficial role of diet on cognition. Ann Neurol 2016;79:1014–1025
Recombinant human erythropoietin improves neurological outcomes in very preterm infants
Authors: Song Juan , Sun Huiqing , Xu Falin , Kang Wenqing , Gao Liang , Guo Jiajia , Zhang Yanhua , Xia Lei , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhu Changlian
Published: May 2016

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated low‐dose human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) in the improvement of neurological outcomes in very preterm infants.

Methods

A total of 800 infants of ≤32‐week gestational age who had been in an intensive care unit within 72 hours after birth were included in the trial between January 2009 and June 2013. Preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive rhEPO (500IU/kg; n = 366) or placebo (n = 377) intravenously within 72 hours after birth and then once every other day for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was death or moderate to severe neurological disability assessed at 18 months of corrected age.

Results

Death and moderate/severe neurological disability occurred in 91 of 338 very preterm infants (26.9%) in the placebo group and in 43 of 330 very preterm infants (13.0%) in the rhEPO treatment group (relative risk [RR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27–0.59, p < 0.001) at 18 months of corrected age. The rate of moderate/severe neurological disability in the rhEPO group (22 of 309, 7.1%) was significantly lower compared to the placebo group (57 of 304, 18.8%; RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19–0.55, p < 0.001), and no excess adverse events were observed.

Interpretation

Repeated low‐dose rhEPO treatment reduced the risk of long‐term neurological disability in very preterm infants with no obvious adverse effects. Ann Neurol 2016;80:24–34
PYCR2 Mutations cause a lethal syndrome of microcephaly and failure to thrive
Authors: Zaki Maha S. , Bhat Gifty , Sultan Tipu , Issa Mahmoud , Jung Hea‐Jin , Dikoglu Esra , Selim Laila , G. Mahmoud Imam , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Salam Ghada , Marin‐Valencia Isaac , Gleeson Joseph G.
Published: May 2016

Objective

A study was undertaken to characterize the clinical features of the newly described hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 10 with microcephaly. This is an autosomal recessive disorder mapped to chromosome 1q42.12 due to mutations in the PYCR2 gene, encoding an enzyme involved in proline synthesis in mitochondria.

Methods

From several international clinics, 11 consanguineous families were identified with PYCR2 mutations by whole exome or targeted sequencing, with detailed clinical and radiological phenotyping. Selective mutations from patients were tested for effect on protein function.

Results

The characteristic clinical presentation of patients with PYCR2 mutations included failure to thrive, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, progressive psychomotor disability, hyperkinetic movements, and axial hypotonia with variable appendicular spasticity. Patients did not survive beyond the first decade of life. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed global brain atrophy and white matter T2 hyperintensities. Routine serum metabolic profiles were unremarkable. Both nonsense and missense mutations were identified, which impaired protein multimerization.

Interpretation

PYCR2‐related syndrome represents a clinically recognizable condition in which PYCR2 mutations lead to protein dysfunction, not detectable on routine biochemical assessments. Mutations predict a poor outcome, probably as a result of impaired mitochondrial function. Ann Neurol 2016;80:59–70
Cerebrospinal fluid real‐time quaking‐induced conversion is a robust and reliable test for sporadic creutzfeldt–jakob disease: An international study
Authors: McGuire Lynne I. , Poleggi Anna , Poggiolini Ilaria , Suardi Silvia , Grznarova Katarina , Shi Song , de Vil Bart , Sarros Shannon , Satoh Katsuya , Cheng Keding , Cramm Maria , Fairfoul Graham , Schmitz Matthias , Zerr Inga , Cras Patrick , Equestre Michele , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Atarashi Ryuichiro , Knox David , Collins Steven , Haïk Stéphane , Parchi Piero , Pocchiari Maurizio , Green Alison
Published: May 2016

Real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) has been proposed as a sensitive diagnostic test for sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease; however, before this assay can be introduced into clinical practice, its reliability and reproducibility need to be demonstrated. Two international ring trials were undertaken in which a set of 25 cerebrospinal fluid samples were analyzed by a total of 11 different centers using a range of recombinant prion protein substrates and instrumentation. The results show almost complete concordance between the centers and demonstrate that RT‐QuIC is a suitably reliable and robust technique for clinical practice. Ann Neurol 2016;80:160–165
Autoantibody pathogenicity in a multifocal motor neuropathy induced pluripotent stem cell–derived model
Authors: Harschnitz Oliver , van den Berg Leonard H. , Johansen Lill Eva , Jansen Marc D. , Kling Sandra , Vieira de Sá Renata , Vlam Lotte , van Rheenen Wouter , Karst Henk , Wierenga Corette J. , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , van der Pol W. Ludo
Published: May 2016

Objective

We investigated the pathogenicity of immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti‐GM1 antibodies in serum from patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived motor neurons (MNs).

Methods

iPSCs were generated from fibroblasts and differentiated into MNs. We studied the binding of IgM to MNs, their complement‐activating properties, and effects on structural integrity using fluorescence and electron microscopy. Live cell imaging was used to study effects of antibody binding on MNs in the presence and absence of complement.

Results

IgM antibody binding to MNs was detected using sera from MMN patients with and without detectable anti‐GM1 IgM antibody titers in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, but not with sera from (disease) controls. Competition and depletion experiments showed that antibodies specifically bound to GM1 on iPSC‐derived MNs. Binding of these antibodies disrupted calcium homeostasis by both complement‐dependent and complement‐independent pathways. MNs showed marked axonal damage after complement activation, and reduced antibody pathogenicity following treatment with immunoglobulin preparations.

Interpretation

Our data provide evidence for the pathogenicity of anti‐GM1 IgM antibodies in MMN patients and link their presence to the clinical characteristics of axonal damage and immunoglobulin responsiveness. This iPSC‐derived disease model will facilitate diagnosis, studies on autoantibody pathogenicity, drug development, and screening in immune‐mediated neuropathies. Ann Neurol 2016;80:71–88
Chitosan from Muga silkworms (Antheraea assamensis) and its influence on thermal degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) based biocomposite films
Authors: Kumar Pal Akhilesh , Das Ananya , Katiyar Vimal
Published: May 2016

The research work is focused on extraction of chitin from Muga silkworms (MS) and its conversion into chitosan by chemical treatment process. The extracted amount of chitin and chitosan from MS were obtained ∼8 wt % and ∼7 wt %, respectively. Potentiometric titrations, conductometric titrations, elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR and FTIR analyses were employed to calculate the degree of deacetylation of chitosan (extracted at 80 ºC after 10 h) and found as 77% ± 2, 81% ± 1.8, 82% ± 2.4, 97.77% ± 0.3, and 82% ± 1.8, respectively. The deacetylation process of chitin showed pseudo‐first order reaction kinetics and activation energy was estimated as ∼15.5 kJ/mole. The extracted chitosan (at 80 ºC after 10 h) showed higher crystallinity and improved thermal stability with respect to chitosan extracted from other marine sources. Subsequently, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and extracted chitosan dispersed biocomposite films were prepared by solution casting method. Significant dispersion of chitosan (extracted at 80 ºC after 10 h) micro‐particles were observed in biocomposite films using FESEM analysis. Due to chitosan interaction with PLA, significant reduction in thermal degradation and activation energy was observed during nonisothermal degradation scan of such films using Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose models. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43710.
Enhancing compatibility between poly(lactic acid) and thermoplastic starch using admicellar polymerization
Authors: Hemvichian Kasinee , Suwanmala Phiriyatorn , Kangsumrith Wararat , Sudcha Prapanee , Inchoto Kamonnit , Pongprayoon Thirawudh , Güven Olgun
Published: May 2016

An alternative method to improve the compatibility between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and cassava starch (CS) is proposed and investigated. Admicellar polymerization is used to modify the surface of CS with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in order to make it more hydrophobic and hence more compatible with PLA. The increased hydrophobicity of PMMA modified cassava starch (MS) is validated by contact angle measurement. Results from iodine test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm the formation of PMMA film on MS surface. Mechanical properties of PLA‐CS and PLA‐MS blends are investigated to compare their compatibility. Noticeable improvements in blend tensile strength and elongation at break evidently show that MS is more hydrophobic as well as more compatible with PLA than CS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43755.
Photocrosslinked biobased phase change material for thermal energy storage
Authors: Baştürk Emre , Kahraman Memet Vezir
Published: May 2016

A series of novel photocrosslinked biobased shape‐stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) based on octadecanol, eicosanol and docosanol have been prepared by UV technique for the purpose of thermal energy storage applications. Epoxidized soybean oil was reacted with acrylic acid to form acrylated soybean oil (ASO). The structure and composition, cross‐section morphology, thermal stability performances and phase change behaviors of ASO and UV‐cured PCMs were examined by using Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis system (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the UV‐cured biobased PCMs possess perfect phase change properties and a suitable working temperature range. The heating process phase change enthalpy is measured between 30 and 68 J/g, and the freezing process phase change enthalpy is found between 18 and 70 J/g. The decomposition of UV‐cured PCMs started at 260 °C and reached a maximum of 430 °C. All the biobased UV‐cured PCMs improved latent heat storage capacity in comparison with the pristine ASO sample. With the obtained results we conclude that, these materials promise a great potential in thermal energy storage applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43757.
Detergent impurity effect on recycled HDPE: Properties after repetitive processing
Authors: Mylläri Ville , Hartikainen Samuel , Poliakova Valeria , Anderson Reetta , Jönkkäri Ilari , Pasanen Pertti , Andersson Mirja , Vuorinen Jyrki
Published: May 2016

High density polyethylene (rHDPE) is extruded 1 to 8 times, with and without detergent, to simulate the effects of impurities on the material and on the artificial ageing process. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, rheology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are measured. According to the results, ageing of rHDPE increases tensile strength, reduces elongation, and enhances side chain branching of the material and thus causes rheological changes. The addition of detergent reduces changes in mechanical properties and rheological behavior but accelerates thermal degradation. VOC and FTIR measurements of the samples with detergent addition show generation of harmful 1,4‐dioxane. The amount of total emission, as well as emissions of important perfumes limonene and 1R‐α‐pinene, decreases during multiple extrusion cycles. Heating of the plastics is found to be a major factor in the VOC emission reduction. Impurities have a notable effect on the artificial ageing results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43766.
Trifunctional cross‐linker trimethylol melamine enhancing adhesive force of PVA hydrogels
Authors: Wang Yajun , Gao Zijian , Guan Shuang , Ye Tengyang , Yu Zhe , Gao Guang Hui
Published: May 2016

Adhesive force is a critical feature in vitro for soft hydrogels as wound dressing. Here we employ trimethylol melamine as a tri‐functional cross‐linker to enhance the adhesive force of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels. First, trimethylol melamine was prepared using melamine and formaldehyde by a condensation reaction. Then PVA was cross‐linked in an aqueous medium to form hydrogels by using trimethylol melamine as a cross‐linker. It was found that trimethylol melamine cross‐linked PVA hydrogels (TMCPVA) exhibited a good adhesion property with a low degree of cross‐linking and no residue after the TMCPVA peeled from skins, indicating the TMCPVA were suitable for adhesive wound dressing. Moreover, their structures, morphology and adhesive forces were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and texture analyzer (TA). The results indicated that TMCPVA would be promising wound dressing materials with biocompatible and well‐adhesive properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43774.
Fabrication of nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column and its application in separation of small molecules
Authors: Wei A. L. , Liu H. Y. , Wang F. Q. , Li X. Y. , Yan H. Y.
Published: May 2016

A nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column was fabricated by redox initiation for high‐performance liquid chromatography. In the fabrication process, functionalized nanodiamond was used as the functional monomer, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate and 1,10‐decanediol diacrylate as cross‐linking agents, polyethylene glycol 400 and 1‐propanol as coporogens, and dibenzoyl peroxide and N,N‐dimethyl aniline as initiators. Compared to polymer monolithic columns without nanodiamond, a nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column prepared under the same conditions exhibited relatively high resolution and efficiency. Characterizations of the resulting nanocomposite were carried out, including scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ND‐based composite monolith exhibited a uniform and reticular skeleton microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical stability. In addition, the nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column was used to separate a series of small molecules with good resolution and reproducibility in high‐performance liquid chromatography. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43776.
Polysulfone‐based composite membranes with functionalized carbon nanotubes show controlled porosity and enhanced electrical conductivity
Authors: Mangukiya S. , Prajapati S. , Kumar S. , Aswal V. K. , Murthy C. N.
Published: May 2016

Composite membranes of functionalized (–COOH, –CONH2, –N3) carbon nanotubes/polysulfone (CNT/PS) synthesized by the phase‐inversion method show unique properties with respect to surface characteristics and the selective separation of metal ions from aqueous solution. Apart from the reduction in the pore size depending on the type of functionalities on the nanotubes, the pure water permeation could reach up to as high as ∼600 L m−2 h−1 (LMH) at reduced pressures and could be due to the functionalized tips of the nanotubes on the membrane surface resulting from the phase inversion process used for the membrane fabrication. The membranes were characterized by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to confirm the uniform distribution of the nanopores and the surface morphology of the membranes. Results show that rejection of Cu(II) was better than Pb(II) depending on the surface functionality. Interestingly, these membranes also showed enhanced conductivities in the range of 1.0 × 10−2 S cm−1, the conductivity depending on the type of functionality on the nanotubes, thus confirming the presence of functionalized nanotubes tips on the membrane surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43778.
Simultaneous determination of thirteen kinds of amino acid and eight kinds of acylcarnitine in human serum by LC–MS/MS and its application to measure the serum concentration of lung cancer patients
Authors: Ni Junjun , Xu Li , Li Wei , Wu Lijun
Published: May 2016

Easy‐to‐use early cancer detection methods based on metabolomics using serum samples have been developed recently. Among metabolites, amino acids and acylcarnitine are two of the most suitable candidates for diagnosing lung cancer. The purpose of the present study was to develop a novel, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to simultaneously determine 13 amino acids and 8 acylcarnitines in lung cancer patients in serum. After derivatization, the 21 analytes were separated using a C18 column with gradient elution program in 14 min, obtaining recovery within 90.4–113.8% and precision within 0.3–14.8%. The method was successfully applied in concentration determination of lung cancer patients and healthy controls. The results showed that the serum concentration of lung cancer patients were significant from those of healthy controls.
Expanding Substrate Promiscuity by Engineering a Novel Adenylating‐Methylating NRPS Bifunctional Enzyme
Authors: Shrestha Sanjib K. , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie
Published: May 2016

Nonribosomal peptides synthetases (NRPSs), which are multifunctional mega‐enzymes producing many biologically active metabolites, are ideal targets for enzyme engineering. NRPS adenylation domains play a critical role in selecting/activating the amino acids to be transferred to downstream NRPS domains in the biosynthesis of natural products. Both monofunctional and bifunctional A domains interrupted with an auxiliary domain are found in nature. Here, we show that a bifunctional interrupted A domain can be uninterrupted by deleting its methyltransferase auxiliary domain portion to make an active monofunctional enzyme. We also demonstrate that a portion of an auxiliary domain with almost no sequence identity to the original auxiliary domain can be insert into naturally interrupted A domain to develop a new active bifunctional A domain with increased substrate profile. This work shows promise for the creation of new interrupted A domains in engineered NRPS enzymes.
Mild and Copper‐Free Stereoselective Cyanation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes by Using Benzyl Nitrile as a Cyanating Reagent
Authors: Zhang Juan , Xu Chengyuan , Wu Wei , Cao Song
Published: May 2016

A novel copper‐free highly stereoselective cyanation of gem‐difluoroalkenes by using benzyl nitrile as a cyanating reagent with the assistance of tBuOLi under air atmosphere at room temperature was developed. A variety of versatile fluorinated alkenyl nitriles were obtained. The proposed mechanism involved the C−H bond oxidation, C−CN bond cleavage, and then nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV).
Gold‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical/Chiroptical Properties of Aza[10]helicenes
Authors: Tanaka Maya , Shibata Yu , Nakamura Kyosuke , Teraoka Kota , Uekusa Hidehiro , Nakazono Kazuko , Takata Toshikazu , Tanaka Ken
Published: May 2016

The enantioselective synthesis of an aza[10]helicene, possessing two pyridone units, has been achieved by the gold‐catalyzed intramolecular quadruple hydroarylation of a tetrayne. This aza[10]helicene was successfully converted into a fully aromatic aza[10]helicene, possessing two pyridine units. Structure–photophysical and chiroptical properties relationship in a series of azahelicene isomers has also been disclosed.
A Monolithically Integrated Gallium Nitride Nanowire/Silicon Solar Cell Photocathode for Selective Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane
Authors: Wang Yichen , Fan Shizhao , AlOtaibi Bandar , Wang Yongjie , Li Lu , Mi Zetian
Published: May 2016

A gallium nitride nanowire/silicon solar cell photocathode for the photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is demonstrated. Such a monolithically integrated nanowire/solar cell photocathode offers several unique advantages, including the absorption of a large part of the solar spectrum and highly efficient carrier extraction. With the incorporation of copper as the co‐catalyst, the devices exhibit a Faradaic efficiency of about 19 % for the 8e− photoreduction to CH4 at −1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl, a value that is more than thirty times higher than that for the 2e− reduced CO (ca. 0.6 %).
ChemInform Abstract: ROOM‐TEMPERATURE STRENGTH AND FRACTURE OF ZIRCONIA‐YTTRIA SINGLE CRYSTALS
Authors: INGEL R. P. , RICE R. W. , LEWIS D.
Published: May 2016

Partiell stabilisierte lrOz‐Einkristalle von 2 cm Durchmesser und 5 cm Länge (dargestellt durch tiegelfreies Schmelzen) mit 4‐6 Gew.‐% Y2O3 zeigen gegenüber den vollständig stabilisierten Proben mit 20 Gew.‐% Y2O3 eine dramatische Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften.
ChemInform Abstract: DEFECT DIFFUSION IN SINGLE CRYSTALS AND POLYCRYSTALS OF COBALT OXIDE (CO1‐XO)
Authors: CHOWDHRY U. , COBLE R. L.
Published: May 2016

Thermogravimetrische und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen an einkristallinem und polykristallinem C00 zeigen, daß einfach ionisierte Leerstellen bei Temp. zwischen 800 und 1040°C und O2 ‐Drücken zwischen l0 Pa und 105 Pa die vorherrschenden Störstellen sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SURFACE‐MODIFIED P‐INDIUM PHOSPHIDE PHOTOCATHODES IN SULFIDE/POLYSULFIDE ELECTROLYTE
Authors: LIU C. J. , ANG P. G. P. , SAMMELLS A. F.
Published: May 2016

Mit CoCl2‐Lösung auf der Oberfläche modifizierte p‐InP‐Photokathoden zeigen in photoelektrochemischen Zellen einen verstärkten Photoeffekt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF POLYHEDRAL BORON HALIDE ANIONS
Authors: BOWDEN W.
Published: May 2016

Die B‐halogenid‐ Anionen (I) und (II) lassen sich elektrochemisch in MeCN und CH2Cl2 in 2 reversiblen Einelektronen‐Folgeprozessen (Reaktion A) oxidieren, während für B120 ; nur eine Oxidation beobachtet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ASPECTS OF D.C. ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE
Authors: SCHAPER H. , KOESTLIN H. + , SCHNEDLER E.
Published: May 2016

In einer neuartigen Elektrochemilumineszenzzelle in Dünnschichtbauweise sind die durchsichtigen Elektroden l0 bis 100 um voneinander getrennt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF OXYGEN WITH SILICON(111) AND (100): CRITICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE GROWTH OF SILICON DIOXIDE
Authors: SMITH F. W. , GHIDINI G.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktionen von O2 mit sauberen Si(111)‐ und ‐(100)‐Oberflächen werden im Temp.‐Bereich 890‐1190°C bei O2‐Drücken zwischen 5·10‐5 und 5·10‐2 Torr untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE HYDRATE WITH AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CERIUM(IV)
Authors: MILLS A.
Published: May 2016

RuO2°C x H2O ist in Pulverform ein schlechter Redoxkatalysator für das System Ce4+/0.5 mol dm′3 H2SO4, während es in Form eines Träger katalysators z.B. mit TiO2 als Träger bessere katalytische Aktivität aufweist.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF μ‐IODO‐BIS(4‐IODO‐CYCLOHEPTASULFUR) TRIS(HEXAFLUOROANTIMONATE)‐ARSENIC TRIFLUORIDE(1/2), ((S7I)2I)(SBF6)3.2ASF3, AND (S7I)4S4(ASF6)6 CONTAINING THE IODO‐CYCLOHEPTASULFUR(1+) AND THE TETRASULFUR(2+) CATIONS
Authors: PASSMORE J. , SUTHERLAND G. , WHITE P. S.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen werden bei Versuchen, S5IMF6 (M: As, Sb) darzustellen, unerwartet erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: THORIUM IODIDE (THI3), A PROTOTYPE AMONG COMPOUNDS WITH METAL‐METAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: BECK H. P. , STROBEL C.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von ThI4 (aus den Elementen bei 350°C) wird ThI3 durch eine Symproportionierungsreaktion mit Th‐Metall bei 680°C in zugeschweißten Ta‐Ampullen in 2 verschiedenen Formen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: MIXED‐VALENCE POLY(VANADIC ACID) GELS
Authors: GHARBI N. , SANCHEZ C. , LIVAGE J. , LEMERLE J. , NEJEM L. , LEFEBVRE J.
Published: May 2016

Durch Polymerisierung von Decavanadinsäure werden hochkondensierte Spezies (M, z 2‐ 10′) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: INDIRECT ELECTROOXIDATION (AN EX‐CELL METHOD) OF ALKYLBENZENES BY RECYCLE USE OF DIAMMONIUM HEXANITRATOCERATE IN VARIOUS SOLVENT SYSTEMS
Authors: TORII S. , TANAKA H. , INOKUCHI T. , NAKANE S. , AKADA M. , SAITO N. , SIRAKAWA T.
Published: May 2016

Unter Verwendung von Cerammoniumnitrat erfolgt die elektrochemische Oxidation von 4‐Methyl‐anisol (I) zu den Aldehyden (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ALICYCLIC REACTION MECHANISMS. 5. HYDRIDE SHIFTS IN CYCLOHEXYL TOSYLATE SOLVOLYSIS IN FLUORINATED ALCOHOLS
Authors: SCHNEIDER H.‐J. , BUSCH R.
Published: May 2016

Die Solvolyse der Tosylate (I)‐(III) wird in verschiedenen Medien, z.B. Methanol, Trifluorethanol, Hexafluorisopropanol etc., untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOLITHIUM‐INDUCED RING‐OPENING OF 3‐HALO‐2,5‐DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE 1,1‐DIOXIDES
Authors: KARLSSON J. O. , GRONOWITZ S. , HALLBERG A.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von (I) und (VIII) mit 2 Molen Butyllithium bilden sich die beiden Isomeren (VI) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW REARRANGEMENTS OF ARYLHYDRAZONES IN POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID: EXTENSION TO THE THIOPHENE AND INDOLE SERIES. 5
Authors: FUSCO R. , SANNICOLO F.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Polyphosphorsäure erhält man aus dem Hydrazon (I) unter Entaminierung das Umlagerungsprodukt (II), das über die Zwischenstufen (III) zu (IV) entschwefelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SPIRO COMPOUNDS VIA PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF SPIRODIAZIRINES IN THE PRESENCE OF ALKYNES
Authors: GSTACH H. , KISCH H.
Published: May 2016

Die bei der Photolyse des Diazirins (I) intermediär auftretende Diazoverbindung (II) läßt sich mit dem Diester (III) zum Diazospirodecadien (IV) abfangen, dessen weitere Zers. verringert werden kann, wenn ein NiClz‐Filter verwendet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: RADICAL IONS. 51. OXIDATIVE REARRANGEMENT OF DIPHENYL DISULFIDES TO THIANTHRENES
Authors: GIORDAN J. , BOCK H.
Published: May 2016

Die photoelektronenspektroskopische Analyse der Oxidation der Disulfide (Ia) bis (Ic) zeigt die Bildung der Radikalkationen (IIa)‐(IIc), die bei Erwärmung in die Thianthren‐Radikalkationen (III) übergehen (ESR).
ChemInform Abstract: BISPYRIDINESILVER PERMANGANATE (AG(C5H5N)2)MNO4: AN EFFICIENT OXIDIZING REAGENT FOR ORGANIC SUBSTRATES
Authors: FIROUZABADI H. , VESSAL B. , NADERI M.
Published: May 2016

Die Verwendung des Silbersalzes (I) als Oxidationsmittel wird untersucht, z.B. zur Herstellung der Carbonyl‐Verbindungen (III), (V) (VII) oder (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE NITROSATION OF ALCOHOLS, CARBOHYDRATES, AND A THIOL
Authors: ALDRED S. E. , WILLIAMS D. L. H. , GARLEY M.
Published: May 2016

Mit Geschwindigkeitskonstanten k = 1 1‐124 12 /mo12 ‐s werden die Alkohole (I) sowie z.B. auch G1ycerin, Sucrose oder Glucose zu den entsprechenden Nitriten wie z.B. (II) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: α VINYLATION OF KETONES. A GENERAL METHOD USING (PHENYLSELENO)ACETALDEHYDE
Authors: CLIVE D. L. J. , RUSSELL C. G. , SURI S. C.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Silylcyclohexenolethern (I) erhält man mit Phenylselenenyl‐acetaldehyd (II) die Kondensationsprodukte (III), die zu den Vinyl‐cyclohexanonen (IV) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deacetylation of Aromatic Acetates by Aminolysis.
Authors: MANSSON P.
Published: May 2016

Die Phenolacetate (I) reagieren mit Pyrrolidin (II), ggf. in Lösung, sofort unter Desacetylierung zu N‐Acetyl‐pyrrolidin (IV) und den freien Phenolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METHOD FOR COUPLING ALLYLIC HALIDES: USE OF TELLURIDE(2‐) ION SPECIES
Authors: CLIVE D. L. J. , ANDERSON P. C. , MOSS N. , SINGH A.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Tellurid‐Anionen erhält man aus Phenylallylbromid (I) über die Zwischenstufen (II)‐(IV) die Dimeren (V)‐(VII) in hohen Gesamtausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF ALKALI METAL NATURE ON THE SELECTIVITY OF DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF TRICHLOROETHANE TO VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
Authors: KHARDIN A. P. , SPITSYN A. V. , GOKHBERG P. YA. , TUZHIKOV O. I. , MIKHNEV V. G. , PIMENOV I. F.
Published: May 2016

Die Dehydrohalogenierung von Trichlorethan (I) an Alka1ihydroxid‐Kontakten führt außer zu Dichlorethylenen, Vinylchlorid, Trichlorethylen und Dichlorethan insbesondere zu Vinylidenchlorid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CATION‐SUBSTITUTED KETENE HETEROGEMINALS WITH NUCLEOPHILIC OR ELECTROPHILIC AGENTS
Authors: BOEHME H. + , AHRENS G.
Published: May 2016

Während die Ketenacetale (I) mit dem Malodinitril‐Anion nur unter Entmethylierung und Bildung der Methylmercapto‐ethylen‐Derivate (II) reagieren, setzen sich ihre Methoxycarbony1‐Substitutionsprodukte (V) unter milderen (Malonitril, Et3 N/Methanol) bzw. gleichen (Malonitril, tert.‐Butoxid/THF) Bedingungen zu den Yliden (VI) und die Amidiniumsalze (VIII) unter gleichen Bedingungen zu den Butadien‐Derivaten (IX) um.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SOLVENT‐SPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 4‐(4‐ACETOXY‐3‐(3‐METHYLBUT‐2‐ENYL)PHENYL)BUTYRIC ACID
Authors: FATOPE M. O. , OKOGUN J. I.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (V) wird aus dem Buttersäurederivat ‐ (IVd) durch Acetylierung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 4′‐(3,4,5‐TRIMETHOXYBENZOYLAMINO)CHALCONES
Authors: PORTNYAGINA V. A. , KLYUSHIN V. V.
Published: May 2016

p‐Acetamino‐acetophenon (I) wird mit den aromatischen Aldehyden (II) in alkoholischer Natronlauge zu den 4‐Acetamino‐chalkonen (III) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF VERBESINDIOL
Authors: HERZ W. , KUMAR N. , BLOUNT J. F.
Published: May 2016

Verbesindiol besitzt die Struktur (I).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐BRIDGED QUADRICYCLANES
Authors: HART H. , PENG C.‐T.
Published: May 2016

Die Bestrahlung des Addukts (IIa), erhältlich aus dem Benzopentalen (I), führt zu dem Quadricyclandiester (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthese von 3‐Methoxycarbonylinden und 4‐Methoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalinen. Darstellung von β‐Tetralonen aus den entsprechenden α‐Tetralonen.
Authors: VEBREL J. , CARRIE R.
Published: May 2016

Die Umwandlung der α‐Tetralone (I) in die entsprechenden β‐Tetralone (III) gelingt in 3 Stufen über die 1,2‐Dihydronaphthaline (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED ANTHRAQUINONES BASED ON THE ANTHRACYCLINES
Authors: BENNETT S. , SHARPLES D. , BROWN J. R.
Published: May 2016

Durch Lactonisierung der Hydroxycarbonsäure (I) und anschließende Umsetzung mit Aminen entstehen die Carbonsäureamide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS OF METHYL SUBSTITUTED N‐NEOPENTYLMETHYLENEAZIRIDINES IN METHANOL
Authors: WIERING P. G. , STEINBERG H.
Published: May 2016

Das Aziridin (III) lagert sich beim Erhitzen zum größten Teil in die Produkte (I) und (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE ROUTE TO 5‐ALKYL‐2(3H)‐FURANONES BY PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF ENEDICARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: D'AURIA M. , DE MICO A. , PIANCATELLI G. , SCETTRI A.
Published: May 2016

Die Photoreaktion der Aldehydverbindungen (I) führt ausschließlich zu den Furanonen (II).