bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meminimalkan Dampak Eksploitasi Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon, Fabricus 1798) dengan Penentuan Ukuran Tangkap di Perairan Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara
Authors: Warsa Andri , Amran Ronny Syam  , Diandria Kembaren Duranta
Published: March 2020

Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon, Fabricus 1798) merupakan hasil tangkapan udang dominan di perairan Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara. Aktivitas penangkapan ini berlangsung sepanjang tahun dan telah menunjukkan tingkat eksploitasi berlebih. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya suatu upaya untuk meminimalkan atau mengurangi dampak ekploitasi sehingga pemanfaatannya sumber daya udang tersebut dapat berkelanjutan. Penentuan ukuran layak tangkap merupakan salah satu upaya pengeloaan sumber daya di suatu perairan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menentukan ukuran layak tangkap sebagai upaya meninimalkan dampak eksploitasi udang windu untuk pengelolaan berkelanjutan di perairan Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara. Data parameter populasi udang galah yang digunakan merupakan hasil publikasi jurnal terakreditasi tahun 2013 dan 2018. Contoh udang windu merupakan hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan menggunakan pukat hela yang di daratkan di Sentra Pendaratan udang di kelurahan Lingkas Ujung (2012) dan Selumit Pantai (2016), Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang kepasas udang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) adalah 33,6 mm dan ukuran tersebut lebih kecil dari ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) yaitu 40,7 mm. Ukuran panjang kerapas optimal udang galah yang boleh diekploitasi (Lc-opt) adalah 47-50 mm. Ukuran tersebut lebih besar dari nilai Lm dan juga memberikan keuntungan ekonomi yang optimal.
Relating shear-induced evolution in topology of pore networks to sand specimen response
Authors: Cao J. , Roy N. , Frost J. D.
Published: March 2020

The shear behaviour of sands is investigated through laboratory testing on reconstituted sand specimens and three-dimensional (3D) digital image-based quantitative characterisation of the topology of pore networks. Specimens prepared using air pluviation and moist tamping methods are subjected to axial compression testing. After shearing, the specimens/microstructures are preserved using a resin impregnation process. Subsequent serial sectioning and image acquisition using bright-field microscopy and image stitching when combined with image montage stacking yield a reconstructed 3D high-fidelity digital microstructure. This paper introduces a computational microstructure tool for analysing geometrical tortuosity of pore structures spatially based on topological skeleton extraction, graph theory and a shortest-path searching algorithm. The tool allows for the tortuous attributes of the highly intricate, heterogeneous pore structure to be evaluated which in turn describes all existing convoluted pathways available for pore-scale transport. Shearing response and strain localisation phenomenon are shown to be influenced by the specimen preparation method as well as the mechanical loading condition. The distribution of pore tortuosity provides new insights into the microstructural evolution induced by shearing which is also closely correlated with the inherent variations in the microstructures.
Description of Linguistic and Cultural Situation (LCS) as Theoretical Issue and Practical Task
Authors: Mikheyeva Lyubov
Published: March 2020

The article substantiates relevance of study of the Russian language current state from the standpoint of linguo-culturology as complex and interdisciplinary science. Historical and regional language particularities, temporal cultural context of a linguistic situation are considered. The study is conducted within the framework of the contemporary linguistics: cognitive science, sociolinguistics, ethno-linguistics, psycholinguistics, etc. Linguo-cultural description of a situation as theoretical concept and as object of a linguo-cultural analysis contributes to the development of LCS-theory and poses a problem of practical study of specific linguo-cultural cases.
Any radical changes in a language are historically and culturally dependent. Directly or indirectly, they reflect socio-political or ideological transformations in the life of a society, and are related to language consciousness and language worldview of native speakers. Hence, space-time circumstances have crucial influence on a particular linguo-cultural situation and require a comprehensive analysis.
Youth discourse, being a rapidly changing and constantly updated issue, is affected by the time period and the cultural environment in which it develops. It gives grounds to choosing youth discourse as the main object of study in the description of the current linguo-cultural situation.
The linguo-cultural approach to the analysis of youth language (particularly, that of students as large and socially active layer in the modern society) is aimed at enhancing the forecast of some development trends both in the language and in the linguo-cultural situation in the country. Besides, it helps to determine both general regularities of linguo-cultural development and features of LCS as one of key linguo-cultural concepts.
VOCALIZATION OF THE CROCODILE SKINK, TRIBOLONOTUS GRACILIS (DE ROOY, 1909), AND EVIDENCE OF PARENTAL CARE.
Authors: Hartdegen Ruston W. , Russell Matthew J. , Young Bruce
Published: March 2020

The crocodile or spiny skinks, Tribolonotus, comprise eight secretive semi-fossorial lizards, which are generally found under vegetation in the immediate vicinity of water (Greer and Parker, 1968; O'Shea, 1991, 1994; Rogner, 1997). Tribolonotus gracilis (Figure 1) and Tribolonotus novaeguineae are restricted to New Guinea, while the remaining six species range throughout Indonesia, Manus, New Britain, Bougainville, and the Solomon Islands (McCoy, 1980; O'Shea, 1991, 1994). Because scant life history information is available for the genus Tribolonotus, the purpose of the present contribution is to document the vocalization and parental care of T. gracilis.
Protocol for nuclear extraction from human heart tissue for single cell sequencing v1
Authors: Pfleger Christian , Lin Shin
Published: March 2020

This protocol is for nuclear extraction from human heart tissue for single cell sequencing.
One-pot native barcoding of amplicons (Ultra II AMII ligation) v1
Authors: Quick Josh , Brunker Kirstyn
Published: March 2020

This is a ‘one-pot ligation’ protocol for Oxford Nanopore native barcoded ligation libraries using shearing.
RNA extraction from field-collected brain tissue samples from suspect rabid animals v1
Authors: Brunker Kirstyn
Published: March 2020

This protocol details the steps involved to perform RNA extraction on rabies virus brain tissue samples collected by the WHO recommended "straw method" in the field (Meslin F-X, Kaplan MM, Koprowski H. Laboratory techniques in rabies. World Health Organization; 1996.[10]). The protocol is field-friendly and can be performed using portable, battery powered equipment.
Diagnostic accuracy of a radiographic device to assess cranial tibial translation in dogs: validation protocol v1
Authors: Maria Tambella Adolfo , Martin Stefano , Omini Luca , Vullo Cecilia , Rita Attili Anna
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes a validation procedure to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a radiographic method using a simple device, specifically designed to quantify the cranial tibial translation in dogs. This protocol was used in the following publication: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228621 Tambella AM, Omini L, Attili AR, Vullo C, Martin S (2020) Evaluation of cranial tibial translation in dogs: Diagnostic accuracy of radiographic method using a simple device. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228621. (ISSN: 1932-6203) (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228621)
Is saving vital? Evidence from the financial crisis
Authors: Tekin Hasan , Polat Ali Yavuz
Published: March 2020

We use a sample of 8,869 firm-years from the highly regulated Main Market (MAIN) and relatively unregulated Alternative Investment Market (AIM) in the United Kingdom to analyse the impact of financial restrictions on optimal cash holdings in the context of financial crises. Employing system generalised methods of moments, we find that AIM firms have a faster adjustment speed of cash as confirmed by precautionary and transaction motives over 2001-2017. However, AIM firms decrease (increase) their adjustment speed of cash more than MAIN firms during (after) the financial crises.
Determination of energy gain time dependent in D+T mixture with calculating total energy deposited of deuteron beam in hot spot
Authors: Hoseinimotlagh S. N. , Jahedi M.
Published: March 2020

The fast ignition (FI) mechanism, in which a pellet containing the thermonuclear fuel is first compressed by a nanosecond laser pulse, and then  irradiated by an intense "ignition" beam, initiated by a  high power picosecond laser pulse,  is one of the promising approaches to the realization of the inertial confinement fusion (ICF). If the ignition beam is composed of deuterons, an additional energy is delivered to the target, coming from fusion reactions of the beam-target type, directly initiated by particles from the ignition  beam .In this work, we choose the D+T fuel and  at first step we compute the average reactivity in terms of temperature for first time at second step we use the obtained results of step one and calculate the total deposited energy of deuteron beam inside the target fuel at available physical condition then in  third step we introduced the dynamical balance equation of D+T mixture and solve these nonlinear  differential coupled  equations versus time .In forth step we compute the power density and energy gain under physical optimum conditions and at final step we concluded that  maximum  energy deposited  in the target from D+T and D+D reaction are equal to  to19269.39061 keV and 39198.58043 keV respectively.
An Evaluation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) activities in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Masud , Quevauviller Philippe
Published: March 2020

For resolving adverse impact in water sector (such as severe flooding, sedimentation of river channels, erosion of the riverbanks, scarcity of water during the dry season, saline intrusion and environmental degradation in particular in the Southwest, cyclones and tidal surges in coastal areas, heavy arsenic contamination of groundwater etc.) in Bangladesh, lot of studies and programs have been under taken by the Government of Bangladesh during the last fifty years. Current global climate change and upstream withdrawal of water have made the water related problems more critical. Under these circumstances, water resources management needs more comprehensive and integrated approaches. Early day’s water management in Bangladesh were mainly involved to Flood Control Drainage and Irrigation (FCDI) project which caused detrimental effects of other sectors. The issue of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been increasingly highlighted after the 1990's. The Flood Action Plan (FAP, 1989-95), Bangladesh Water and Flood Management Strategy (BWFMS, 1995), The Ganges Water Treaty (1996), National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation (1998), National Water Policy (NWPo, 1999), Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM, 2000), National Water Management Plan (NWMP, 2004), National Water Resources Database (NWRD, 2001), Regional Technical Assistance (RETA, 2009), Bangladesh Water Act (DBWA, 2013)are the major examples of IWRM practice in Bangladesh.For the evaluation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) activities in Bangladesh, the three IWRM tools i.e. ‘Enabling Environment’, ‘Institutional Framework’ and ‘Management Instrument’ have been used as a methodology. Lots of Online Questionnaire has been done to the National Water Expertise for getting more information and strengthening the scope of work. Although lot of constraints are existing to develop IWRM plan in Bangladesh, yet the existing policy, plan, guideline, law, institution and information system provide a sound basis for the IWRM implementation in Bangladesh considering the principals of IWRM i.e. efficiency, equity, environmental sustainability. The study has shown that, the progress towards Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Bangladesh has been good. Much remains to be done. Nevertheless, advancing IWRM is a process of incremental steps and the Bangladesh water-related sector is clearly moving in the right direction towards the IWRM plan. Finally the study has drawn recommendations for effective implementation of IWRM activities in Bangladesh.
Classification and Determination of Indicator Environmental Properties in Western Iran Rangelands
Authors: Hasanpori Reza , Tavili Ali , Javadi Seied Akbar
Published: March 2020

How soil characteristics affecting plant species density was investigated through the one-way ANOVA method in typical rangelands of Iran in Zagros Mountains region. All of present species were identified, studied, tagged and named. Four plant types were identified based on two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Survey was done at two depths of soil (0-30 and ≥30 cm). In each plot canopy related factors were measured and to determine chemical and physical properties of soil, at primary and end points of each transect profiles were dug. For each profile eight factors at two depths were measured inclusive: soil texture, Organic matter, total nitrogen percent, absorbable phosphorus, absorbable potassium, Lime, pH and EC. Means of squares comparison showed that organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, EC, sand and lime were more effective on species density at two depths in such rangeland ecosystems.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Constituents of Leaf Extract of Lippia adoensis
Authors: Wasihun Yared , Adraro Tesfalem , Ali Solomon
Published: March 2020

There are quite large numbers of traditionally used medicinal plants that are used to treat skin disorder in the ethno medical system of Ethiopia. Medicinal plants namely L. adoensis, was screened for antibacterial activity against different strains of bacteria which are known to cause various types of skin infections and food poisoning

Anti bacterial effect of the plant species was evaluated against different bacterial strains. The leaves of plant species were extracted by maceration and soxhelt extraction technique for preparation of crude and fractional extract respectively. And anti bacterial screening of different concentration of both crude and fractional extract of the plant species were determined using agar well diffusion method. The test organisms were one gram positive (S.aures) and three gram negative (Salmonella typhi, E.coli and P.aeruginosa) standard organisms.

The results of the initial antibacterial screening test indicated the potential of these herbal drugs in treating bacterial infections of the skin and food poisoning. Among the different fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol) tested for antibacterial activity, the non-polar fractions were found to be more active than the polar fractions. The Phytochemical screening tests carried out on L. adoensis indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids and saponins.

Different extracts L.adoensis were showed significant antibacterial activity against the S.aueres, P.aeroginosa, E.coli and S.typhi. Hence further study is recommended to identify the specific active ingredient and potential formulation of effective antibiotic.
Effect of Different Parameters on Solar Pond Performance
Authors: Madani Seyed  Saeed
Published: March 2020

By applying a model of finite differences, the thermal behavior of a large solar pond is studied in this paper. The 32-year data of sunny hour’s today-length ratio are used for the estimation of global radiation. The temperature data of a similar duration are used for evaluating the ambient temperature. The effects of the variation of different zone thicknesses on pond performance are studied. It is observed that the upper convective zone thickness should be as thin as possible, the non-convective zone might be from 1 to 2 m and the lower convective zone thickness may be designed based on the application needs. A thicker non convective zone provides more insulation against heat losses, and a thicker lower convective one supplies a higher storage capacity, though with a lower operating temperature. The heat may be extracted from the pond by either a constant or a variable loading pattern. The appropriate loading pattern can be selected based on the needs and operational temperature. The LCZ temperature of the pond, under several heat extraction patterns, is also presented for practical applications.
Willingness to pay for Rainfall based Insurance by Smallholder Farmers in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia: The Case of Dugda and Mieso Woredas
Authors: Abebe Hiwot Teshome , Bogale Ayalneh
Published: March 2020

Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenge to Ethiopia. Therefore,  farmers  have  faced  income  variability  in  almost  every  production  season. Problems associated with dependence on rain fed agriculture are common in Ethiopia. Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability from such income variability is also common. Over the years, a range of risk management strategies have been used to reduce, or to assist farmers to absorb, some of these risks. Since insurance is potentially an important instrument to transfer part of the risk, this study try to describe the nature of weather related risks faced by smallholder farmers, assess small holder farmers willingness to pay for the rainfall risk insurance and examine factors that affect the maximum farmers are willing to pay for the rainfall risk insurance. The data was collected from 161 sample households from the two woredas of the study area using closed ended value elicitation format followed by open ended follow up questions. The study uses Logit model to estimate the mean willingness to pay in the close ended format in addition with Tobit model to examine factors that affecting small holder farmer willingness to pay as well as intensity of payment. The mean willingness to pay values are found to be 129.98 and 183.41 birr per hectare for the open and close ended formats respectively. The total willingness to pay for the study area was found to be birr 5,740,244 per year. The tobit model shows six potential explanatory variables affect the willingness to pay value. Income of household and ownership of radio have positive and significant effect on the value of willingness to pay, whereas off-farm income, age of household head, number of livestock owning and availability of public and private gifts have negative and significant effect on willingness to pay value. If the rainfall risk insurance premium is affordable and households have enough information about the service they are willing to pay for the service. Eventually policy makers need to be aware that socio-economic and institutional characteristics of households influence the willingness to pay for rainfall risk insurance services.
Computation of time energy gain in D-3He mixture: Energy deposited through deuterium ignition beam
Authors: Hosseinimotlagh S. N.
Published: March 2020

The fast ignition approach to ICF consists in ﬁrst compressing the fuel to high density by a suitable driver and then creating the hot spot required for ignition by means of a second external pulse. If the ignition beam is composed of deuterons, an additional energy is delivered to the target with increased energy gain. Therefore ,in this innovative suggestion ,we consider deuterium  beams for fast ignition in D+3Hemixture and solve the dynamical  balance equations under the available  physical conditions by considering a new average reactivity formula ,then we compute the energy gain in this mixture .Our computational results show that we can get energy gain value larger than 4 at resonant temperature (200keV)of D+3Hemixture. We select D+3Hefuel, because D+3Hereaction is very attractive from a theoretical point of view since it does not produced neutrons. The D+3Hebenefits include full-lifetime materials, reduced radiation damage, less activation ,absence of tritium breeding blankets ,highly efficient direct energy conversion, easier maintenance, proliferation resistance.
Pressure Data Analysis and Multilayer Modeling of a Gas-Condansate Reservoir
Authors: Happy Fatema Akter , Hossain Mohammad Shahedul , Rahman Arifur
Published: March 2020

Kailastila gas field located at Golapgonj, Sylhet is one of the largest gas fields in Bangladesh. It produces a high amount of condensate along with natural gas. For the high values of GOR, it may be treated as a wet gas at reservoir condition. Three main sand reservoirs are confirmed in this field (upper, middle & lower).In this study, it has been shown that reservoir parameters of this gas field can be obtained for multilayered rectangular reservoir with formation cross-flow using pressure and their semi log derivative on a set of dimensionless type curve.The effects of the reservoir parameters such as permeability, skin, storage coefficient, and others such as reservoir areal extent and layering on the wellbore response, pressure are investigated.Shut in pressures are used in calculating permeability, skin factor, average reservoir pressure, wellbore storage effect and other reservoir properties. The direction of the formation cross flow is determined, first by the layer permeability and later by the skin factor.Finally, it is recommended to perform diagnostic analysis along with multilayer modeling to extract better results.Reservoir can also be considered as a multilayer cylindrical and can also use these models for other fields.
An Economic Evaluation of Electromechanical Components for Microhydro in Borneo – Case Study
Authors: Ismail Mohd Azlan , Othman Al Khalid , Zen Hushairi
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an economic evaluation using Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Rate of Return to compare Pump as Turbine and Multi Jet Pelton Turbine as an electromechanical component in a microhydro project for Kampung Longkongungan, Sabah.  The aim of this paper is to support microhydro project managers in rural areas to evaluate economic advantages between two type of turbines, taking into account relevant cost components, covering a wider perspective beyond capital cost. The analysis is set in view of 15 years product lifespan with discount rate set at 5% per annum. The goal of this study is to determine which system produced the best return on investment. All relevant data have been collected through product manuals, product suppliers, and academic literature. The study reveals that Pump as Turbine and Multi Jet Pelton Turbine cumulative profit are recorded at MYR 10,065.11 and MYR 14,863.82 respectively. The Rate of Return for Pump as Turbine is at 4.34 while Multi Jet Pelton at 6.11 years. The result shows that Pump as Turbine has a low capital cost and shorter Rate of Return. However, due to low efficiency, the total return of investment is lower than Multi Jet Pelton Turbine.
Wind Power potential in Kigali and Western provinces of Rwanda
Authors: Onyango Otieno Fredrick , Gaston Sibomana , Kabende Elie , Nkunda Felix , Ndeda Jared Hera
Published: March 2020

Wind speed and wind direction are the most important characteristics for assessing wind energy potential of a location using suitable probability density functions. In this investigation, a hybrid-Weibull probability density function was used to analyze data from Kigali, Gisenyi, and Kamembe stations. Kigali is located in the Eastern side of Rwanda while Gisenyi and Kamembe are to the West. On-site hourly wind speed and wind direction data for the year 2007 were analyzed using Matlab programmes. The annual mean wind speed for Kigali, Gisenyi, and Kamembe sites were determined as 2.36m/s, 2.95m/s and 2.97m/s respectively, while corresponding dominant wind directions for the stations were ,  and  respectively. The annual wind power density of Kigali was found to be  while the power densities for Gisenyi and Kamembe were determined as and . It is clear, the investigated regions are dominated by low wind speeds thus are suitable for small-scale wind power generation especially at Kamembe site.
Evaluation of the effects of donepezil in psychotic disorders using Swiss albino mice
Authors: Tanwani Hemant , Churihar Ritesh , Pandit Sameer
Published: March 2020

Background: Schizophrenia as a psychotic disorder is currently treated by various antipsychotic drugs. A large group of patients still remain resistant to the treatment and present in the form of residual cognitive deficits. Donepezil has been advocated at various conferences and seminars for using it in schizophrenia patients. Donepezil is currently approved drug for Alzheimer's disease to improve cognition. Hence, we have tried to assess its role for psychotic models induced by methylphenidate in mice.Methods: Methylphenidate 5 mg/kg was given by intraperitoneal (i.p) route to induce psychosis in Swiss albino mice (n=6). Donepezil was given alone in a dose of 1 mg/kg and in combination with low dose haloperidol 0.1 mg/kg and groups were compared with haloperidol 0.2 mg/kg. Activity of donepezil was also assessed on the haloperidol induced catalepsy test. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test.Results: Methylphenidate successfully induced characteristic stereotypy behaviour in mice similar to amphetamine. Both donepezil 1 mg/kg and haloperidol 0.2 mg/kg showed significant reduction in stereotypy behaviour and there was no statistically significant difference between the two (p<0.05). Effects with donepezil were only slightly inferior to standard while it’s combination (1 mg/kg with haloperidol 0.1 mg/kg) showed comparable results with the standard haloperidol. Donepezil had only marginally enhanced potential to induce catatonia which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Methylphenidate can be used successfully to induce psychosis in animals and donepezil may be a promising and potentially useful drug as add on therapy to routine antipsychotics.
Evaluation of induction of labour in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Poornima Janupalli Kiran , K. Vijayalakshmi , R. Anuradha C. , . Famida , R. Sai Latha
Published: March 2020

Background: The objective is to evaluate the preferred methods for labor induction, including incidence of caesarean section, operative and normal vaginal delivery rate, need for oxytocin augmentation, and Apgar score at 1 and 5 min.Methods: This was a hospital-based study carried out in 110 inductions of labour during the study period. misoprostol 50 mcg was inserted in posterior fornix of vaginal in cases with PROM and intracervical 0.5 mg Dinoprostone for other causes in whom induction was decided. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were observed. collected data were analyzed using SPSS and MS excel.Results: Most preferred methods of induction of labour were observed to be Dinoprostone and Misoprostol, augmentation was done by oxytocin. normal delivery rate was 54% in Dinoprostone gel and 58.3% in misoprostol group. Caesarean and operative vaginal delivery rates were 42.8%, 3% in Dinoprostone gel group and 33.3%, 8.3% respectively in misoprostol group. Mean Apgar scores were observed to be similar in both methods of induction at 1st and 5th minutes.Conclusions: It was found that misoprostol had higher percentage of normal and operative vaginal delivery and need for oxytocin augmentation than Dinoprostone. Neonatal outcome as predicted by Apgar score were similar in both groups.
Assessment of feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants in a rural field practice area of Punjab: a longitudinal study
Authors: Singh Geetika , Lal Mohan
Published: March 2020

Background: Faulty feeding practices and infections have a detrimental effect on an infant’s health. Although, breastfeeding is almost universal in India, rates of early initiation, Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) and timely complimentary feeds are far from desirable. This takes a heavy toll on their health and increases their susceptibility to develop several morbidities including Diarrhoea and Respiratory Tract Infections. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants and to determine their association.Methods: It was a longitudinal study on a birth cohort of 99 infants in the rural field practice area of GMC, Amritsar who were followed up to 6 months of birth. Baseline data on sociodemographic profile and breast feeding was collected in the first visit. Weaning practices and any morbidity suffered during six months’ period were assessed at the follow up visit.Results: Breast feeding was initiated in majority 88.87% but it was delayed in more than half (54.02%) of infants. Customs like prelacteal feeding (76.8%) and discarding colostrum (50.57%) were quite prevalent. EBF was practiced by most 65.51%. In around a quarter of infants, delayed or faulty weaning was observed. Diarrhea was the commonest morbidity (49.09%) followed by ARI (32.73%). Significant association (p<0.05) was observed between the feeding practices and infant morbidities especially diarrhoea.Conclusions: Mothers should be educated more effectively regarding benefits of early and exclusive breast feeding and correct weaning practices. Emphasis should also be placed on increasing awareness in the community to bring about a significant change in the deleterious customs and traditions.
An audit and analysis of cancer patients attending radiation oncology department: a tertiary care center experience
Authors: Das Bishnu Prasad , Patra Jitendra
Published: March 2020

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and is the second leading cause of death in the developing countries. Among various diseases, cancer has become a big threat to human beings globally. As per Indian population census data, the rate of mortality due to cancer in India was high and alarming with about 8,06,000 existing cases by the end of the last century. In view of these facts, the present article describes the status of various types of cancers in the southern part of Odisha.Methods: A total of 1123 patients were registered in the department of radiotherapy, maharaja krushna chandra gajapati medical college, Odisha, during the period from January to December 2019 and were included for the retrospective analysis.Results: Females outnumbered males with a ratio of 1.32. Highest number of the patients belong to the age group of 60-69 years. Major cancer sites in females were cervix, breast followed by head and neck. Leading cancer sites in males were head and neck, stomach, rectum and lungs. Most of the cases presented in advanced stage of disease (78%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology (81%). A significant proportion of patients defaulted after undergoing preliminary investigations (27.4%). Out of the total (1123) population 482 patients received radiation and 760 patients received chemotherapy and 425 received supportive care.Conclusions: The outcome of this study will significantly help us to understand the cancer burden in southern Odisha and its distribution to define region specific strategies for cancer management.
Gradenigo’s syndrome: a petrous apex lesion
Authors: Kale Meena V. , Gaikwad Ninad S. , Chhabria Sanjay C.
Published: March 2020

Unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) requires early attention, otherwise leads to various extracranial and intracranial complications. Petrositis is one of the complications of temporal bone due to unsafe CSOM leading to inflammation or abscess in the petrous apex along with involvement cranial nerves V and VI nerve and leading to a trio of symptoms like ipsilateral otorrhea, deep facial pain and ipsilateral lateral rectus palsy, this clinical trio collectively called as Gradenigo’s syndrome. We have done retrospective study of 3 cases who were presented to our tertiary care centre ENT-OPD with symptoms suggestive of Gradenigo’s syndrome. Cases selected by simple random sampling. Cases with ear malignancy was excluded from study. Cases were followed up for 3 months and results were analysed. Petrositis if ignored can lead to rare but fatal complication of unsafe CSOM. Common in males in third decade and the ear swab suggestive of common organism was pseudomonas. Medical management given as per culture and sensitivity report of ear swab and then followed by definitive surgery of canal wall down tympano-mastoidectomy with petrous apex decompression.
Comparison of postoperative analgesia between greater palatine nerve block with local infiltration and local infiltration alone in septoplasty surgeries
Authors: Madesh R. Karthik , Sahu Pankaj Kumar , A. P. Arjun , Vallur Srujan , Pyadala Nagababu
Published: March 2020

Background: Post-operative pain (POP) management is an important factor for the satisfaction after any surgery to patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect in the post op pain levels by addition of greater palatine nerve block (GPNB) to the local mucosal infiltrative anaesthesia during septoplasty surgery.

Methods: A prospective study of 108 patients undergoing septoplasty surgery were divided into 2 groups. Group A with 52 patients and B with 56 patients. Group A received GPNB along with local infiltrative anaesthesia while group B received only the local infiltrative anaesthesia. The POP was studied in them using visual analogue score (VAS) at the 2nd, 5th and 8th post-operative hour.  

Results: The median VAS of group A at the 2nd, 5th and 8th hour were 2, 2 and 1 respectively while of the group B were 6, 6 and 5 during the same timeline assessment. The decreased POP in group A over B was statistically significant during all the assessments with (p<0.001). The post-operative pain was significantly lesser with no increase in time of surgery, with negligible expenditure and no complications.

Conclusions: Greater palatine nerve block can be utilized as an effective addition to septoplasty surgery utilizing the same drug along with local infiltration and give a simple, cost effective and safe addition for a comfortable pain free post op period for a prolonged duration.
An illustrative case report emphasizing the biological plating of a comminuted intra-articular fracture
Authors: V. Vignesh , Harshavardhan J. K. Giriraj
Published: March 2020

Comminuted intra-articular fractures are very common in high energy traumas, conventional open reduction and plate fixation has been associated with many complications as they disturb the fracture biology and hence minimally invasive plating came into existence. We are reporting a 17 year old boy who met with road traffic accident sustained an AO type 33C2 injury to left femur with severe metaphyseal comminution treated by minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis technique who achieved full radiological union at the end of 4 months and full functional recovery at 8 months follow-up. This case emphasizes the need for preservation of fracture biology which is of paramount importance in healing of comminuted fractures.
Announcement of “International Congress on Food Science & Technology & Agriculture & Food Security” in Karaj, Iran
Authors: . .
Published: March 2020

This article is an Editorial and does not include an Abstract.
Possibility of Faecal-Oral Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) via Consumption of Contaminated Foods of Animal Origin: A Hypothesis
Authors: Ahmadiara E.
Published: March 2020

This article is an Editorial and does not include an Abstract.
Food-Borne Bacteria Associated with Seafoods: A Brief Review
Authors: Ali A. , Parisi A. , Conversano M.C. , Iannacci A. , D’Emilio F. , Mercurio V. , Normanno G.
Published: March 2020

Consumption of contaminated seafoods is a major cause of death and hospitalization particularly in poor and developing countries. As with other food types, seafoods are also not free of food-borne pathogens and several risk factors are associated with its consumption. Regarding seafoods, there are regulatory hygienic alerts in importing countries. This paper briefly reviews the occurrence of seafood-borne diseases and describes the most important bacterial causes of these infections. Also, major bacterial threats, the route of infection, and food safety concerns associated with seafoods consumption are explained. Several bacterial pathogens, like Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum, Shigella spp., and Aeromonas spp. are considered as microbiological hazards for seafoods. These bacteria can contaminate seafood products anytime from farm to table. Some effective methods should be adopted for control and prevention of bacterial hazards in fish industry. Maintaining the microbiological water quality of domestic capture, post-harvest care, proper hygiene, etc. can minimize the bacterial hazards. Food-borne intoxications can be controlled by the proper refrigeration of seafoods and the continuous monitoring of the chill chain during the entire production process right up to consumption. Other ways to prevent food-borne outbreaks due to consumptions of seafoods are training of the consumers about correct handling of food, proper preparation, and storage of seafoods.
Microbial Quality of Ready-to-Eat Street Vended Food Groups Sold in the Johannesburg Metropolis, South Africa
Authors: Asiegbu C.V. , Lebelo S.L. , Tabit F.T.
Published: March 2020

Background: In many developing countries, the risk of contracting a food-borne disease is high after consuming contaminated ready-to-eat Street-Vended Foods (SVFs). The main objective of this research was to assess the microbiological quality of SVF groups sold in the Johannesburg Metropolis, South Africa.
Methods: A stratified random sampling procedure was used for collecting the ready-toeat SVF samples. Methods prescribed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) were used for analyses for aerobic colony count, Enterobacteriaceae count, presence of Escherichia coli O15:H7, detection of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. The bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics V25.0.
Results: Of the 205 ready-to-eat SVF samples, 85.37% had aerobic growth. The vast majority (78.18%) of the 110 ready-to-eat SVF samples had Enterobacteriaceae growth. From the 110 SVF samples, the prevalence rates of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O15:H7 were 46.36, 31.8, 21.8, and 1.8%, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence rates of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O15:H7 in the various SVF groups.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the microbial quality and safety of ready-to-eat SVFs sold in the Johannesburg Metropolis remain a serious public health concern. Hence, it is necessary to educate street food vendors and enforce food safety legislation in the street food sector in the country.
Behavior of Four Main Dairy Pathogenic Bacteria during Manufacturing and Ripening of Pecorino Siciliano Cheese
Authors: Cardamone C. , Cirlincione F. , Gaglio R. , Puccio V. , Daidone F. , Sciortino S. , Mancuso I. , Scatassa M.L.
Published: March 2020

Background: Consumption of raw cheese may be associated with different diseases. This study aimed to evaluate behavior of four pathogenic bacteria during manufacture and ripening of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Pecorino Siciliano cheese.
Methods: The experimental cheese groups were inoculated with pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The cheese making processes were monitored from milk curdling until 3 months ripened cheeses and the levels of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and the four dairy pathogens were evaluated by plate counts. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was applied to confirm that the colonies isolated during the several steps of production were the same strains added in milk. Statistical analysis was done using XLStat software.
Results: The levels of mesophilic and thermophilic coccus and rod LAB in curd were comparable in both trials and reached values between 8-9 log10 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g in cheeses at 90 days of ripening. The four pathogenic bacteria were found in experimental curd at levels higher than those inoculated in milk and completely disappeared after 60 days of ripening. The RAPD analysis clearly demonstrated the presence of the added strain during production and confirmed the results of plate counts.
Conclusion: This work showed that the production conditions of PDO Pecorino Siciliano cheese decreased growth of E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, S. Enteritidis, and S. aureus
Physical, Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films Activated with Artemisia sieberi Essential Oil
Authors: Salar Behrestaghi F. , Bahram S. , Ariaii P.
Published: March 2020

Background: Edible films and coatings are biodegradable that can preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties, and antimicrobial activity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film containing Artemisia sieberi Essential Oil (AEO).
Methods: The studied parameters were the antibacterial activity and physical properties, including Water Vapor Permeability (WVP), Contact Angle (CA), solubility, Moisture Content (MC), and surface color; as well as mechanical properties including Elongation at break% (E%) and Tensile Strength (TS) of CMC incorporated with AEO at levels of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5% v/v. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: Camphor (36.38%), 1,8-cineole (15.89%), β-Thujone (6.7%), and camphanone (6.2%) were the main components of AEO. The edible CMC film showed increase in WVP, contact angle, E%, darker color, and yellowness, with decreases in film solubility, MC, and TS after the incorporation of AEO. CMC film with 1.5% of AEO showed the highest a* (greenness) and b* (yellowness) values. The inhibition zones were 9.33, 11.5, and 17.30 mm for Staphylococcus aureus; and 8, 11.50, and 14.33 mm for Escherichia coli at AEO levels of 0.5, 1, and 1.5%, respectively.
Conclusion: The overall results of this study showed that CMC films enriched with AEO could be beneficial in food packaging to retard food deterioration.
Risk Estimation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma due to Exposure to Aflatoxins in Maize from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu W.P. , Herawati D. , Broto W. , Indrotristanto N. , Ambarwati S. , Adhi W.
Published: March 2020

Background: Besides their mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects, Aflatoxins (AFs) also act as the main contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is known as the most common primary liver cancer worldwide. The main aim of this study was risk estimation of HCC due to exposure to aflatoxins in maize from Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Methods: As a model, maize samples were taken from Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. The present research was conducted by risk assessment approach which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The aflatoxin analysis was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography method and the secondary data was taken from the province report.
Results: The mean total AF in raw material, dried maize chips, and fried chips were 46.58, 17.58, and 13.24 ppb, respectively. The raw material clearly had higher level of all AF types. The mean of contamination of total AF in raw material (46.58 ppb) exceeded the standard level (20 ppb), while the other products were not more than standard level. The yearly maximum exposure to AFB1 ranged from 85.07 to 92.80 ng/kg body weight per day. The estimation of HCC cases ranged from no case to 43 cases per year.
Conclusion: Preventive hygienic efforts are needed to reduce AF contamination and risk of HCC in maize consumed in this region of Indonesia.
Managerial intelligence of hospital managers in Sari, Iran
Authors: Mosadeghrad Ali Mohammad , Abbasi Mahdi
Published: March 2020

Background: Managers’ performance mainly depends on their intelligence, knowledge, skills, personality and organization’s structure, culture and resources. Managerial intelligences is vital for hospital managers’ success. This study aimed to measure the managerial intelligence of hospital managers in Sari, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted in 2017 in Sari, Iran. 294 managers at various managerial levels of hospitals participated in this study. A questionnaire was developed, tested and used for measuring management quotient (MQ). The questionnaire had 3 dimensions including intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional quotient (EQ), and political quotient (PQ). The MQ index ranges between 0 and 1. Higher MQ score indicates better managerial intelligence. SPSS 19 software was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency and Percentage, as well as analytic statistics such as T-test, Spearman correlation and Regression was used.
Results: The mean score of hospital managers MQ was 0.74 (good). The mean of IQ, EQ and PQ scores were 0.70, 0.77 and 0.75 respectively. A meaningful statistical correlation was observed between IQ and EQ and also between EQ and PQ. Male mangers, top managers, those with higher educational background and those working in logistics departments reported higher MQ.
Conclusion: Hospital managers reported high MQ in Sari, Iran. The MQ assessment should be considered as a perquisite for recruiting hospital managers.
Marginalization of Professionalism in Clinical Settings; A qualitative study at Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Alipour Fateme , Shahvari Zahra
Published: March 2020

Background: Management-level challenges are among the factors that undermine the individuals' adherence to professional behavior in clinical settings. This study investigated glitches of the management system in clinical settings from the perspective of staff, faculty members, and medical students/residents in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2 parts by exploring the viewpoints of personnel and physicians. In this regard, 8 focus group discussions were performed with 85 faculty members, clinical residents, and interns. Furthermore, 15 focus group discussions were held with 165 staffs. Available sampling method was applied to collect the participants and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method.
Results: A total of 22 focus-group discussions were conducted with 250 participants; Participants' age ranged from 24 to 65 years. Participants' education levels varied from diploma to postgraduate for the staff and from medical student to sub-specialist for the physicians. Finally, management-level barriers, which undermine the staffs' ability to adhere to professional behavior in clinical settings were explained with 315 codes, 12 subcategories, and 2 main categories of "macro management issues " and "hospital management issues".
Conclusion: Managers are required to consider providing a proper context for enforcing the professional behavior law, selecting middle managers based on their empowerment in performing the professional behaviors, prioritizing the professional behavior in policy making, and promoting the professional behavior in an administrative system consistent with the health system. In selecting the hospital managers, authorities are recommended to consider the managers' professional behavior and power in implementing the professionalism leadership. Moreover, the possibility of conducting professional behavior should be considered in making the policies.