bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening to prevent osteoporotic fractures in Egypt: a position statement of the Egyptian Academy of Bone Health
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , El Gaafary Maha , Gadallah Naglaa , Mahran Safaa , Abu-Zaid Mohamed Hassan , Hassan Waleed , Elwakil Walaa
Published: February 2024

Background

By 2030, approximately 22.6 million individuals in Egypt will be older than 50 years and prone to develop osteoporosis and are at risk of sustaining a fragility fracture. Osteoporotic fragility fractures, and in particular hip fractures, are associated with enduring pain, physical disability, poor quality of life, and loss of independence. Mortality rates are also high in this cohort of patients. Over the coming years, the potential preventable burden is likely to surge, particularly with the aging of the Egyptian population. The aim of this work was to determine the age onset of screening for risk of fragility fracture among Egyptians.

Results

A convincing evidence was found that fracture risk assessments are accurate and can be applicable in standard practice to identify individuals at high/very high risk of developing fragility fractures. A tremendous increase in the risk of fragility fracture at the age of 60 (RR = 33.5 for men and 20.2 for women). As interventions to either treat osteoporosis or to modify behavioral risk factors in terms of healthy eating and physical exercise would take years to change this risk, it was recommended to start screening for fragility fracture at the age of 50 for both men and women.

Conclusion

All Egyptian men and postmenopausal women 50 years of age or older should be evaluated/screened for their risk of sustaining a fragility fracture risk. The consequences of failing to identify and treat women and men who are prone to sustain a fragility fracture are considerable. In contrast to DXA scanning, screening with FRAX is cost-effective (time and effort required by patients and the health care system).
Epidemiology of suspected rabies cases in Ethiopia: 2018–2022
Authors: Asfaw Gashaw Beyene , Abagero Abdulnasir , Addissie Adamu , Yalew Alemayehu Worku , Watere Shambel Habebe , Desta Getahun Bahiru , Alemu Mikias Alayu , Merga Hunde , Amenu Yismashewa Wogayehu , Wakene Wubshet Zewdie , Deressa Sisay Getachew
Published: February 2024

Rabies is a zoonotic disease affecting both public health and the livestock industry in Ethiopia. However, there is limited national-level information on the extent of the disease. Therefore, we studied the national burden and distribution of Rabies on both humans and animals. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on rabies by obtaining five years (2018–2022) data from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) and the Ministry of Agriculture. We analyzed the incidence, mortalities, temporal and spatial patterns. Microsoft Excel and ArcGIS version 10.2 were used for descriptive and spatial analysis respectively. A total of 37,989 Rabies suspected human exposure cases and 297 deaths were reported with a mean annual number of 7,598 human exposure cases and 59 deaths. The exposure case and mortality incidence rates were 6 and 0.05 per 100,000 populations respectively. Suspected human exposure cases significantly increased from 5,217 (2018) to 11,298 (2022) at a rate of 2.2. In the same period, 2,094 animal suspected rabies cases and 1,682 deaths were reported predominantly in dogs (71.2%), followed by cattle (27.8%) and other domestic animals (1%). There is high rabies suspected human exposure cases at national level. Suspected rabid dogs were the major source of infection in humans. There were gaps in the reporting of animal cases and low dog vaccination coverage. Hence, it is important to strengthen One Health collaboration to enhance surveillance, information sharing, and diagnostic capacity and improve mass dog vaccination coverage.
Single-Agent Trabectedin Versus Physician's Choice Chemotherapy in Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer With BRCA-Mutated and/or BRCAness Phenotype: A Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Lorusso Domenica , Raspagliesi Francesco , Ronzulli Dominique , Valabrega Giorgio , Colombo Nicoletta , Pisano Carmela , Cassani Chiara , Tognon Germana , Tamberi Stefano , Mangili Giorgia , Mammoliti Serafina , De Giorgi Ugo , Greco Filippo , Mosconi Anna Maria , Breda Enrico , Artioli Grazia , Andreetta Claudia , Casanova Claudia , Ceccherini Rita , Frassoldati Antonio , Salutari Vanda , Giolitto Serena , Scambia Giovanni
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

Literature evidence suggests that trabectedin monotherapy is effective in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC) presenting BRCA mutation and/or BRCAness phenotype.

METHODS

A prospective, open-label, randomized phase III MITO-23 trial evaluated the activity and safety of trabectedin 1.3 mg/m2 given once every 3 weeks (arm A) in BRCA 1/2 mutation carriers or patients with BRCAness phenotype (ie, patients who responded to ≥two previous platinum-based treatments) with recurrent OC, primary peritoneal carcinoma, or fallopian tube cancer in comparison with physician's choice chemotherapy in the control arm (arm B; pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, topotecan, gemcitabine, once-weekly paclitaxel, or carboplatin). The primary end point was overall survival (OS) evaluated in the intention-to-treat population.

RESULTS

Overall, 244 patients from 21 MITO centers were randomly assigned (arm A = 122/arm B = 122). More than 70% of patients received ≥three previous chemotherapy lines and 35.7% had received a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) before enrollment. Median OS was not significantly different between the arms: arm A: 15.8 versus arm B: 17.9 months ( P = .304). Median progression-free survival was 4.9 months in arm A versus 4.4 months in arm B ( P = .897). Among 208 patients evaluable for efficacy, the objective response rate was 17.1% in arm A and 21.4% in arm B, with comparable median duration of response (5.62 v 5.66 months, respectively). No superior effect was observed for trabectedin in the prespecified subgroup analyses according to BRCA mutational status, chemotherapy type, and pretreatment with a PARPi and/or platinum-free interval. Trabectedin showed a higher frequency of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and serious adverse drug reactions compared with control chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION

Trabectedin did not improve median OS and showed a worse safety profile in comparison with physician's choice control chemotherapy.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor as a Cause of Elevated 17-OH Progesterone
Authors: Chong Ya Yuan Nicole , Wong Jing Lin Jeslyn , Ang Xiao Hong Joella , Lim Yuan Ling Amanda
Published: February 2024

Virilizing ovarian tumors are rare but a clinically important diagnosis in a patient presenting with hyperandrogenism. Workup of hyperandrogenism is challenging with a broad range of differentials, including adrenal and ovarian pathology, tumoral or nontumoral in nature. Baseline follicular-phase 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) measurement is part of the investigation algorithm, and elevated levels are often associated with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH), which can have its first presentation in adolescence or adulthood. This case describes a young adult woman of reproductive age presenting with menstrual irregularity, raised testosterone, and 17OHP. After extensive workup and serial follow-up, she was found to have a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the left ovary and underwent successful laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy with normalization of her menstrual irregularity and biochemical resolution of her testosterone and 17OHP levels.
Effects of Oxygenation Targets on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cao Lei , Chen Qi , Xiang Ying-ying , Xiao Cheng , Tan Yu-ting , Li Hong
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

The effects of oxygenation targets (partial pressure of arterial oxygen [Pao
2], arterial oxygen saturation [Sao
2]/peripheral oxygen saturation [Spo
2], or inspiratory oxygen concentration [Fio
2] on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients remains controversial. We reviewed the existing literature to assess the effects of lower and higher oxygenation targets on the mortality rates of critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

METHODS:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases were searched from their dates of inception to December 31, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing lower and higher oxygenation targets for critically ill patients ≥18 years of age undergoing mechanical ventilation, nasal cannula, oxygen mask, or high-flow oxygen therapy in the ICU. Data extraction was conducted independently, and RoB 2.0 software was used to evaluate the quality of each RCT. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis to calculate the relative risk (RR). We used the I2 statistic as a measure of statistical heterogeneity. Certainty of evidence was assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines.

RESULTS:

We included 12 studies with a total of 7416 patients participating in RCTs. Oxygenation targets were extremely heterogeneous between studies. The meta-analysis found no differences in mortality between lower and higher oxygenation targets for critically ill ICU patients (relative risk [RR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.09; moderate certainty). The incidence of serious adverse events (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.85–1.00; high certainty), mechanical ventilation-free days through day 28 (mean difference [MD], −0.05; 95%CI, −1.23 to 1.13; low certainty), the number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.84–1.10; low certainty), and ICU length of stay (MD, 1.05; 95% CI, −0.04 to 2.13; very low certainty) also did not differ among patients with lower or higher oxygenation targets.

CONCLUSIONS:

Critically ill ICU patients ≥18 years of age managed with lower and higher oxygenation targets did not differ in terms of mortality, RRT need, mechanical ventilation-free days through day 28, or ICU length of stay. However, due to considerable heterogeneity between specific targets in individual studies, no conclusion can be drawn regarding the effect of oxygenation targets on ICU outcomes.
Efficacy of Single-Bolus Administration of Remimazolam During Induction of Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Lee Sou-Hyun , Nam Jae-Sik , Choi Dae-Kee , Chin Ji-Hyun , Choi In-Cheol , Kim Kyungmi
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Remimazolam is a recently marketed ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine. This drug is considered safe and effective during general anesthesia; however, limited information is available about its effects on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and hemodynamic stability of a bolus administration of remimazolam during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:

Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to any 1 of the following 3 groups: anesthesia induction with a continuous infusion of remimazolam 6 mg/kg/h (continuous group), a single-bolus injection of remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg (bolus 0.1 group), or a single-bolus injection of remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg (bolus 0.2 group). Time to loss of responsiveness, defined as modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale <3, and changes in hemodynamic status during anesthetic induction were measured.

RESULTS:

Times to loss of responsiveness were 137 ± 20, 71 ± 35, and 48 ± 9 seconds in the continuous, bolus 0.1, and bolus 0.2 groups, respectively. The greatest mean difference was observed between the continuous and bolus 0.2 groups (89.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 79.1–98.9), followed by the continuous and bolus 0.1 groups (65.8, 95% CI, 46.9–84.7), and lastly between the bolus 0.2 and bolus 0.1 groups (23.2, 95% CI, 6.6–39.8). No significant differences were found in terms of arterial blood pressures and heart rates of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

A single-bolus injection of remimazolam provided efficient anesthetic induction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A 0.2 mg/kg bolus injection of remimazolam resulted in the shortest time to loss of responsiveness among the 3 groups, without significantly altering the hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, this dosing can be considered a favorable anesthetic induction method for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Neuronavigation-Specific Parameters for Selective Access of Trigeminal Rootlets in Radiofrequency Lesioning: A Cadaveric Morphometric Study
Authors: Kaye Joel , Ramanathan Vishan , Sheehy John P. , Andaluz Norberto , Tew John , Forbes Jonathan A.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Radiofrequency lesioning (RFL) is a safe and effective treatment for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia. Despite gaining mainstream neurosurgical acceptance in the 1970s, the technique has remained relatively unchanged, with the majority of series using lateral fluoroscopy over neuronavigation for cannula guidance. To date, there are no studies describing neuronavigation-specific parameters to help neurosurgeons selectively target individual trigeminal rootlets. In this cadaveric study, we sought to provide a neuronavigation-specific morphometric roadmap for selective targeting of individual trigeminal rootlets.

METHODS:

Embalmed cadaveric specimens were registered to cranial neuronavigation. Frontotemporal craniotomies were then performed to facilitate direct visualization of the Gasserian ganglion. A 19-gauge cannula was retrofit to a navigation probe, permitting real-time tracking. Using preplanned trajectories, the cannula was advanced through foramen ovale (FO) to the navigated posterior clival line (nPCL). A curved electrode was inserted to the nPCL and oriented inferolaterally for V3 and superomedially for V2. For V1, the cannula was advanced 5 mm distal to the nPCL and the curved electrode was reoriented inferomedially. A surgical microscope was used to determine successful contact. Morphometric data from the neuronavigation unit were recorded.

RESULTS:

Twenty RFL procedures were performed (10R, 10L). Successful contact with V3, V2, and V1 was made in 95%, 90%, and 85% of attempts, respectively. Mean distances from the entry point to FO and from FO to the clival line were 7.61 cm and 1.26 cm, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

In this proof-of-concept study, we found that reliable access to V1–3 could be obtained with the neuronavigation-specific algorithm described above. Neuronavigation for RFL warrants further investigation as a potential tool to improve anatomic selectivity, operative efficiency, and ultimately patient outcomes.
Robotic Approach for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma IIIA Type: Step-by-Step Procedure
Authors: Ielpo Benedetto , Rosso Edoardo , d’Addetta Maria Vittoria , Abad Mayra , Vellalta Gemma , Sanchez-Velazquez Patricia , Burdio Fernando
Published: February 2024

Background

Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is a challenging technique to be performed by minimally invasive approach being the type III among the most complex procedure. Nowadays, the robotic approach is gaining increasing interest among the surgical community, and more and more series describing robotic liver resection have been reported. However, few cases of minimally invasive Bismuth type IIIA cholangiocarcinoma have been reported. Robotic approach allows for a better dissection and suture thanks to the flexible and precise instruments movements, overcoming some of the limitations of the laparoscopic technique. Therefore, robotic technique can facilitate some of the critical steps of a technically demanding procedure, such as the extended right hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth IIIA type.

Methods

In this multimedia video we describe, for the first time in the literature, a full robotic surgical step-by-step technique with some tips and tricks for treating a perihilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth IIIA type, performing a radical extended right hemihepatectomy, including segment I combined with regional lymphadenectomy anf left bile duct reconstruction. A 55-year-old woman with obstructive jaundice (10 mg/dl) was referred to our center. The endobiliary brushing confirmed adenocarcinoma, and MRI/CT showed a focal perihilar lesion of 2 cm, including the main biliary duct bifurcation and extending up to the right duct (Bismuth Type IIIA hilar cholangiocarcinoma). After endoscopic biliary stents placement and 6 weeks after right portal vein embolization, the future liver remnant, including segments II and III, reached an enough hypertrophy volume with a ratio of 30%. A right hemihepatectomy with caudate lobe, including standard standard lymphadenectomy and left biliary duct reconstruction was performed.

Results

The operation lasted 670 min with an estimated blood loss of 350 ml. Postoperative pathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma pT1N0 with 15 retrieved nodes and free margins. The patient experienced a type A biliary fistula and was discharged on the 21st postoperative day without abdominal drainage.

Conclusions

Through the tips and tricks presented in this multimedia article, we show the advantages of the robotic approach for performing correctly one of the most complex surgeries.1-7
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Diagnosis, Decision Making, and Outcome
Authors: Ng Tammy , Liu Ruikang , Kulkarni Vedant A.
Published: February 2024

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), or idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal capital femoral epiphysis in children, has a variable presentation and can result in significant femoral head deformity that can lead to long-term functional deficits. Plain radiographic imaging is crucial in diagnosing LCPD and guiding treatment. Although the etiology of LCPD remains unknown, the evolution of the disease has been well characterized to include the phases of ischemia, revascularization, and reossification. The mechanical weakening during these phases of healing place the femoral head at high risk of deformity. Treatment of LCPD, therefore, focuses on minimizing deformity through operative and nonoperative strategies to reduce the risk of premature osteoarthritis. Advanced imaging using perfusion MRI may refine surgical decision making in the future, and biological treatments to improve femoral head healing are on the horizon.
What Motivates Secondary School Teachers to Continue to Use Classroom-Based Physical Activity? A Self-Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Reinboth Michael Sæther , Schmidt Sabrina , Jonskaas Cathrine , Grønningsæter Hilde , Karlsen Maria Louise , Bottolfs Marthe , Bratland-Sanda Solfrid
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the motivational regulations of secondary school teachers to use classroom-based physical activity (CBPA).

Methods

A total of 148 secondary school teachers (response rate, 34%) completed a survey including the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (α = 0.79–0.92), the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory perceived competence (α = 0.85) and perceived autonomy (α = 0.86) subscales, and the perceived relatedness with students scale (α = 0.93).

Results

English, Norwegian, and mathematics CBPA were used by 13%, 26%, and 22% of respondents, respectively. Thirty-seven percent of the teachers reported using in-class physically active breaks one to four times a week or daily. There was a positive correlation between teachers’ perception of autonomy, competence, relatedness with students, and self-determined regulations for applying CBPA. A stepwise regression analysis showed that identified regulation for CBPA and perceived competence explained 31% of the likelihood of using CBPA in future teaching.

Conclusion

To improve rates of teachers using CBPA on a regular basis in secondary school, implementers need to focus on strengthening teachers’ personal held values about and perceived competence for using CBPA.
Compliance and mimetic isomorphism of the anti-corruption law in Brazilian states
Authors: Silva Sander José Couto da , Brunozi Júnior Antônio Carlos
Published: February 2024

This study explores the occurrence of mimetic isomorphism in compliance practices based on Brazilian anti-corruption law at the state level, with a particular focus on administrative accountability, public compliance, and compliance requirements in contracts with the private sector. The institutional theory was employed, considering a sociological approach and the assumption of isomorphism. The methods adopted included documentary research and content analysis, examining documents related to anti-corruption actions in Brazilian states. The analysis categories were based on accountability and compliance content in the context of public and private relationships. The main results pointed to elements suggesting mimetic isomorphism among states and between them and the federal government. Unlike other studies, this research provides an overview of the adoption of compliance practices in Brazilian states. In terms of theoretical contributions, the research highlighted the similarity of the Brazilian institutional environment in normative adoption. Its practical contribution lies in clarifying that states do have actions to combat corruption.
Patient-physician interaction education in Korea: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Hwan Ho , Kim Yu Ra , Park Hye Jin
Published: February 2024

Patient-physician interaction (PPI) is an important area in medical education, but in-depth discussions on the content of the outcome of patient-doctor education are rare. Therefore, in this study, we will systematically analyze the research on PPI education in Korea. In this study, papers searched with keywords related to PPI education from Korea’s academic journal service were targeted according to a systematic literature analysis method. The scope of the study was to include papers published in academic journals that are candidates for Korea Citation Index registration, excluding dissertations, research reports, posters, conference presentations, books, and internet materials. The content included papers targeting medical education and medical school students was set as the range. As a result of the analysis, although communication between PPI has many positive effects in the PPI in medical education at medical schools, obstacles do occur, and various ways to overcome them were suggested. Therefore, although medical interview training between patients and doctors in medical schools is necessary, it was analyzed as being based on overseas research or lacking in specific content. The core of PPI education appears to be medical interviews, and it seems necessary to discuss whether empathy or patient-centered medical care are appropriate as the main principles of PPI education in Korea. Therefore, education on the patient-doctor relationship is an important element in medical humanities and medical humanities education, and it is expected that research and education on this will progress more actively.
WALTER BLOCK ABOUT HIS STUDENT PUBLICATION PROGRAM
Authors: Block Walter
Published: February 2024

Over 150 of my undergraduate students’ term papers have been published in law reviews or refereed scholarly journals in economics, politics, philosophy, and other such venues. This is the story of how this program started, and how it is implemented. Hopefully, this will encourage other instances of similar faculty-student cooperation.
LOGISTICS CLUSTERS AND THEIR POTENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kirova Antoaneta
Published: February 2024

Supply chain resilience in the face of shocks has arisen as a policy issue due to the multilateral trading system lowering trade barriers. Innovations in transportation technology created intelligent transport systems and production fragmentation of global supply chains. However, climate shocks and the COVID-19 pandemic restructured supplies in the global markets. At the same time, geopolitical conflict and tensions emerged with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, increased China’s military activity, introduced additional tension, and created difficulties for the supply chains. On the other hand, the current industrial policy, aiming at national economic growth, is motivated by objectives different from increasing company-level productivity or spillovers between sectors. The concern primarily revolves around supply chain resilience, the fear of weaponizing exports, supporting technological advancement, and the need for policymakers to introduce greater control over economic activity in anticipation of potential shocks. In cross-border supply chains, some governments seek to coordinate their industrial policies with the most significant partners without implementing measures at the national level (Bown, 2023). Overlaying other considerations is the existential threat of climate change, a significant driver behind many modern industrial policy initiatives. That is leading to the rebirth of the idea of logistic clusters uniting different partners in size with foreign trade-oriented activities, aiming at efficiency as well as resiliency of the logistics chains. Based mainly on deep secondary research, this paper addresses the rebirth of cluster ideas in international transport and logistic activities.
Advances in the Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Moreau Igor , Kulak Maria , Sokołowska Katarzyna , Bereza Dawid , Polańska Paulina , Lang Miriam , Woch Barbara
Published: February 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by widespread organ involvement, impacting the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and blood vessels. Patients often confront a reduced lifespan, primarily attributed to pulmonary complications. Current therapeutic strategies concentrate on organ-specific interventions to mitigate inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Immunosuppressive drugs, vasodilators, and anti-fibrotic agents are commonly employed, but ongoing research explores novel drugs and therapeutic approaches. Autologous stem cell transplantation is considered in rapidly progressing interstitial lung disease, although potential complications must be carefully weighed. Recent studies delve into the intricate pathogenesis of SSc, revealing abnormalities in metabolic pathways and protein regulation. The disease manifests with diverse symptoms affecting various organs, with vascular involvement significantly contributing to morbidity, especially pulmonary arterial hypertension. Complications, including heightened susceptibility to infections, are exacerbated by the disease and its treatments. Ongoing research investigates potential treatments such as GPR68 antagonists, soluble guanylate cyclase activators, and melanocortin 1 receptor agonists, displaying promising results in improving pulmonary function. Multiple clinical trials for various drugs are currently underway. In conclusion, addressing the complexities of systemic sclerosis requires a multidisciplinary approach. Understanding its intricate pathogenesis and developing targeted therapies are pivotal for enhancing patient outcomes and extending survival.
Impact of probiotics on inflammatory bowel disease - a systematic review
Authors: Fijałkowska Justyna , Pełka Maciej , Kania Anna , Ciulkiewicz Łukasz
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Both disease entities have many features in common, such as a basis of chronic inflammation, similar clinical symptoms as well as periods of remission and relapse. The difference between them lies in the lesions location. Treatment of IBD is primarily based on reducing inflammation and maintaining as long a remission time as possible. Increasing evidence is being attributed to the therapeutic potential of probiotics in IBD.

Purpose: This review aims to present the preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotic use in IBS through an analysis of recent studies.

Methods: A review of recent literature was conducted to investigate the impact of probiotic use on the treatment of IBD.

Results: In studies, probiotics help induce and maintain remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, especially when used in combination therapy. In contrast, the usage of probiotics in Crohn's disease does not provide due benefit: it does not induce or prolong remission.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the effect of probiotics on IBD is inconclusive. Some probiotics, particularly the VSL#3 probiotic blend, have shown decent effects on induction and remission in patients with mild to moderate UC. However, no therapeutic effect has been demonstrated in patients with Crohn's Disease. Therefore studies under more restrictive and standardized conditions are required.
AGROTÓXICOS, PESTICIDAS E DEFENSIVOS AGRÍCOLAS: QUAL A NOMENCLATURA ADEQUADA CONFORME A LEGISLAÇÃO CONSUMERISTA?
Authors: Fernandes Alessandro
Published: February 2024

A Lei Federal n.º 7.802/1989 dispõem sobre a pesquisa, a experimentação, a produção, a embalagem e rotulagem, o transporte, o armazenamento, a comercialização, a propaganda comercial, a utilização, a importação, a exportação, o destino final dos resíduos e embalagens, o registro, a classificação, o controle, a inspeção e a fiscalização de agrotóxicos, seus componentes e demais temas afins, servindo como legislação base para o tema. Uma das discussões levantadas durante a tramitação de proposta de reforma legal refere-se a nomenclatura “agrotóxicos”, propondo sua alteração para pesticidas ou defensivos agrícolas. Este estudo pretende realizar a discussão desta alteração de nomenclatura com base no disposto no Código de Defesa do Consumidor (CDC), verificando qual seria o vocábulo mais adequado. Para tanto conduzimos uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória composta por desk research em livros, revistas científicas e web e uma análise da Lei Federal 7.082/1989 e das propostas legislativas que propõem sua revisão, em especial o Projeto de Lei (PL) 6.299/2002, sob um prisma consumerista. Percebe-se que a alteração da nomenclatura “agrotóxicos, atende ao um defeso de uma parcela da sociedade de apagar uma memória discursiva negativa acerca do primeiro termo, atentando contra princípios básicos que estruturam a relação consumerista. As eventuais alterações na legislação que pretende reformar a Lei dos Agrotóxicos não podem omitir a nocividade e perigos à saúde dos agrotóxicos através de uma mudança de nomenclatura, sob pena de infringir não só o CDC como também a própria Constituição Federal.
Practice-near practitioner research
Authors: Archard Philip J , O'Reilly Michelle
Published: February 2024

There is arguably great benefit for mental health professionals engaging in the production of research evidence. One method for gaining new knowledge and learning is for professionals to engage in ‘practice-near’ research. This term denotes research methodologies that share the objectives of getting close to professional practice in the helping professions, and fostering ‘research mindedness’ among professionals. The idea of being practice-near in research primarily developed within the field of social work and social care, but is also relevant to mental health nursing, especially research projects undertaken by practising nurses. However, further consideration is needed about how this idea can be brought into closer contact with other types of practitioner research.
Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects of Lutke's halfbeak Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847) from Seram Sea, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: TALAKUA MATHEOS , SUADI SUADI , DJUMANTO DJUMANTO , SETYOBUDI EKO
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Talakua M, Suadi, Djumanto, Setyobudi E. 2023. Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects of Lutke's halfbeak Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847) from Seram Sea, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6574-6583. Lutke's halfbeak is one of the Seram Sea's most commercially important fish species, providing food resources and community livelihood for an extended duration. Data and information on fish biology are important for responsible fisheries management. This research aimed to determine Luke's halfbeak's length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects at Seram Sea, Maluku. Fish samples were collected monthly for seven months, from August 2021 to February 2022. Each sample was measured for its length and weight and then dissected for sex and gonad maturity stage determination. The data was analyzed to determine the length-weight relationship, the condition factor, the distribution of gonadal maturity stage, and fecundity. Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847), originating from the Seram Sea, indicates a negative allometric growth pattern. The average relative condition factor (Kn) of H. lutkei in the Maluku Seram Sea was around 1 and did not show a significant difference between males and females. The condition factor varied during the observation period, ranging from 0.92 to 1.09. The fish are mostly (80%) in good or very good condition. H. lutkei has a high potential fecundity; spawning was predicted throughout the year, with individual fecundity ranging from 263 to 1893 eggs. Luke's halfbeak populations in the Seram Sea could be exploited sustainably; however, this should be conducted with proper management.
Population structure of commercially important groupers in the coral triangle Gorontalo, Indonesia to support conservation
Authors: ACHMAD DEWI SHINTA , NURDIN MUH. SALEH , TASLIM IVAN , MOORE ABIGAIL M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Achmad DS, Nurdin MS, Taslim I, Moore AM. 2023. Population structure of commercially important groupers in the coral triangle Gorontalo, Indonesia to support conservation. Biodiversitas 24: 6592-6601. Appropriate management units are fundamental to the conservation of species and ecosystems. In the case of exploited fishes, sustainable approaches to fisheries management are generally based on population units (stocks). This study aimed to address the lack of data to define the population structure of the stocks of two commercially important grouper species (Variola albimarginata (Baissac, 1953) and Variola louti (Forsskål, 1775)) in the Sulawesi Sea and Tomini Bay waters of Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia, in the Wallacea biodiversity hotspot. We used a combined morphometric and molecular (DNA barcoding, COI marker). We used truss network analysis with 14 characters to evaluate inter and intraspecies morphometric differences. DNA was extracted (Qiagen protocols) from tissue samples from individuals of both species in both sea areas, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Sequence processing and phylogenetic analyses conducted in MEGA X. Both approaches show clear separation between V. albimarginata and V. louti but indicate close kinship between the north coast (Sulawesi Sea) and south coast (Tomini Bay) populations of these groupers. Under the authority of the Gorontalo Province Marine and Fisheries Service, these two populations could be managed as one stock without compromising fisheries sustainability or the conservation of these ecologically and economically valuable species.
Antibacterial activity of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida) leaves extract
Authors: PURWANTININGSIH THERESIA IKA , WIDYOBROTO BUDI PRASETYO , SURANINDYAH YUSTINA YUNI , ARTAMA WAYAN TUNAS
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Purwantiningsih TI, Widyobroto BP, Suranindyah YY, Artama WT. 2023. Antibacterial activity of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida) leaves extract. Biodiversitas 24: 6613-6620. Restrictions on the use of antibiotics have made people start looking for alternatives to antibiotics, one of which is ingredients that come from nature. Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) leaves are a source of secondary metabolites that have not been widely utilized. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of faloak leaves extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Powdered faloak leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol solvent. After obtaining the crude extract, it was fractionated using the liquid-liquid method using methanol, hexane, distilled water and ethyl acetate as solvents. The crude extract of faloak leaves was then dissolved into several concentrations. The crude extract of faloak leaves and the fractions obtained were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro using the Kirby Bauer method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The most active fraction in inhibiting the tested bacteria was then screened for bioactive compounds using instrument LC-HRMS. The results showed that faloak leaves extract and its fractions were able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction in inhibiting bacteria and the most occurring bioactive compounds appeared in LC-HRMS testing were luteolin, rutin and corchorifatty acid. The total flavonoid compound in the crude extract was 227.281 QE µg/mL and the highest i.e. 351.456 QE µg/mL total flavonoid compound was in methanol fraction.
Tunable mid-infrared absorption in a compound graphene grating waveguide structure supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Tang Luchi , Chen Junxue , Tang Tao , Wang Liu
Published: February 2024

In this work, we introduce a stacked pair of graphene ribbons array into a slab waveguide to achieve tunable optical absorption of a structure in the mid-infrared region. The quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) based on the selective guided resonances can be realized by alternatively changing the Fermi energy of graphene ribbons. Moreover, the radiation coupling rate of quasi-BIC can be modulated by changing the Fermi energy of graphene, which contributes to tunable optical absorption of the structure. Different from the effect of plasmon resonance of graphene ribbons, the resonance frequency of the quasi-BIC is insensitive to the Fermi energy of graphene. The absorption modulation depth can be larger than 80%. The studied results may have potential applications in switchable infrared photodetectors and thermal radiation systems.
Power amplification in the core area of radial carpet beams
Authors: Rasouli Saifollah , Fathollazade Somaye
Published: February 2024

We investigate the power redistribution in radial carpet beams (RCBs). We show that RCBs have increased power in the core area, which surrounds the central patternless area, as they propagate. We present both theoretical and experimental evidence that RCBs self-amplify in the core area due to their radial expansion. We examine the power carried by a main intensity spot of different RCBs produced by the diffraction of a plane wave from amplitude/phase radial gratings with sinusoidal/binary transmission profiles. We find that the core area, which has a complex intensity distribution, increases in power as the beam propagates. This feature distinguishes RCBs from other beams and makes them self-amplifying-like beams. Thus, the power amplification in RCBs is an internal effect caused by the continuous transfer of power from the patternless area to the core area. The power transfer to the core area also improves the stability of the beam in turbulent environments such as the atmosphere, making it a promising candidate for atmospheric optical communication. We discuss the practical realization of RCBs with a finite-radius beam and a radial grating. We define a “power amplification length” as the propagation distance at which the outer radius of the core area of the beam equals the beam radii at the grating. For instance, for the beam radii of 5 and 50 cm at the grating with 20 spokes, the values of these distances are 230 m and 23 km, respectively.
Robust and high-efficiency dynamical method of enantio-specific state transfer
Authors: Cheng Jian-Jian , Du Lei , Li Yong , Zhao Nan
Published: February 2024

We propose a simple dynamical method to realize fast enantio-specific state transfer (ESST) of chiral molecules. Driven by three external electromagenetic fields, the chiral molecules are modeled as cyclic three-level systems, where the overall phase differs by π for the left- and right-handed chiral molecules. We unveil that the ESST is allowed when the amplitudes of three Rabi frequencies in the cyclic three-level systems are equal. Our method is robust and highly efficient in the sense that the external fields can have arbitrary waveforms. This thus provides the opportunity of simplifying the experimental implementations of ESST through pulse design.
Optical authentication scheme based on all-optical neural network
Authors: Chen Linfei , Duan Jianxuan , Wang Jianping
Published: February 2024

Diffractive deep neural network is architectural designs based on the principles of neural networks, which consists of multiple diffraction layers and has the remarkable ability to perform machine learning tasks at the speed of light. In this paper, a novel optical authentication system was presented that utilizes the diffractive deep neural network principle. By carefully manipulating a light beam with both a public key and a private key, we are able to generate a unique and secure image representation at a precise distance. The generated image can undergo authentication by being processed through the proposed authentication system. Leveraging the utilization of invisible terahertz light, the certification system possesses inherent characteristics of concealment and enhanced security. Additionally, the entire certification process operates solely through the manipulation of the light beam, eliminating the need for electronic calculations. As a result, the system offers rapid certification speed. The proposed optical authentication scheme is further validated through computer simulations, which showcase its robust security and high precision. This method holds immense potential for diverse applications in optical neural network authentication, warranting a broad scope of future prospects.
Multi-input mutual supervision network for single-pixel computational imaging
Authors: Geng Zhipeng , Sun Zhe , Chen Yifan , Lu Xin , Tian Tong , Cheng Guanghua , Li Xuelong
Published: February 2024

In this study, we propose a single-pixel computational imaging method based on a multi-input mutual supervision network (MIMSN). We input one-dimensional (1D) light intensity signals and two-dimensional (2D) random image signal into MIMSN, enabling the network to learn the correlation between the two signals and achieve information complementarity. The 2D signal provides spatial information to the reconstruction process, reducing the uncertainty of the reconstructed image. The mutual supervision of the reconstruction results for these two signals brings the reconstruction objective closer to the ground truth image. The 2D images generated by the MIMSN can be used as inputs for subsequent iterations, continuously merging prior information to ensure high-quality imaging at low sampling rates. The reconstruction network does not require pretraining, and 1D signals collected by a single-pixel detector serve as labels for the network, enabling high-quality image reconstruction in unfamiliar environments. Especially in scattering environments, it holds significant potential for applications.
Who made the noise? Systematic approach for the assessment of neutron imaging scintillators
Authors: Boillat Pierre , Trtik Pavel , Lehmann Eberhard H. , Forss Sven , Kaestner Anders , Mannes David , Morgano Manuel , Walfort Bernard , Strobl Markus
Published: February 2024

We propose a method to analyze the characteristics of scintillator screens for neutron imaging applications. Using calculations based on the theory of cascaded linear steps as well as experimental measurements, we compared the characteristics of different lithium- and gadolinium-based scintillator screens. Our results show that, despite their much lower light output, gadolinium-based scintillators outperform lithium-based scintillators in terms of noise characteristics for a variety of imaging setups. However, the relative performance of scintillator screens is highly dependent on the other setup characteristics such as the beam spectrum, field of view, used optical lens and size of the camera sensor. Consequently, the selection of the best scintillator screen – as well as the scintillator characteristics assessment in new developments – requires a systematic consideration of all these elements, as enabled by the framework presented here.
Fast and high-precision tracking technology for image-based closed-loop cascaded control system with a Risley prism and fast steering mirror
Authors: Xia Huayang , Xia Yunxia , Yuan Liangzhu , Wen Piao , Zhang Wenxue , Ding Ke , Fan Yue , Ma Haotong , Li Jinying
Published: February 2024

The Risley prism's compact structure, dynamic responsiveness, and high tracking accuracy make it ideal for photoelectric image tracking. To realize fast and high-precision tracking of the target, we propose an image-based closed-loop tracking cascade control (IBCLTCR-F) system using a single image detector that integrates the Risley prism and fast steering mirror (FSM). Firstly, We propose a cascade control input-decoupling method (CCIDM) for the IBCLTCR-F system to solve the complex problem of coarse-fine control input decoupling in traditional single detector cascaded control systems. Moreover, the CCIDM method ensures that the FSM deflection angle is small and does not exceed its range during the fine tracking process, by using the Risley prism to compensate for the FSM deflection angle. Next, we design the image-based closed-loop tracking controllers of the Risley prism system and FSM system and analyze the stability of the IBCLTCR-F system. Finally, we track static and moving targets through experiments. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the IBCLTCR-F system, the effectiveness of the decoupling method, and the fast and high-precision tracking of the targets.
High-sensitivity and high-speed measurements of ultrashort pulses as short as 74 fs at 1.9 µm using a GRENOUILLE device
Authors: Batov Daniil , Voropaev Vasilii , Jafari Rana , Akturk Selcuk , Lazarev Vladimir , Karasik Valeriy , Trebino Rick , Tarabrin Mikhail
Published: February 2024

Ultrashort laser pulse sources in the wavelength range of 1.8 to 2 µm have many potential applications including medicine, materials processing, and sensing. In the use of such lasers, a crucial task is to measure their pulse’s temporal intensity and phase. Such measurement devices are most useful when they are simple to build and operate and also have high speed and high sensitivity. The GRENOUILLE measurement device with few components, no moving parts, sensitivity of hundreds of picojoules, and measurement speed of hundreds of milliseconds, is commonly used to solve this problem at other wavelengths. In this paper, the measurement of ultrashort pulses by a GRENOUILLE device, developed using a silicon matrix sensor, for pulses in the wavelength range of 1.8 to 2 µm has been demonstrated. It is shown that ultrashort pulses with durations of 74 to 900 fs and a maximum spectral FWHM of 85 nm can be measured with this device. The recently developed ultra-reliable RANA approach was used for pulse retrieval from the measured traces. The device’s performance was validated by comparing its measurements with those obtained by the robust FROG technique.