bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the brain mural cell transcriptome
Authors: He Liqun , Vanlandewijck Michael , Raschperger Elisabeth , Andaloussi Mäe Maarja , Jung Bongnam , Lebouvier Thibaud , Ando Koji , Hofmann Jennifer , Keller Annika , Betsholtz Christer
Published: October 2016

Pericytes, the mural cells of blood microvessels, regulate microvascular development and function and have been implicated in many brain diseases. However, due to a paucity of defining markers, pericyte identification and functional characterization remain ambiguous and data interpretation problematic. In mice carrying two transgenic reporters, Pdgfrb-eGFP and NG2-DsRed, we found that double-positive cells were vascular mural cells, while the single reporters marked additional, but non-overlapping, neuroglial cells. Double-positive cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and analyzed by RNA sequencing. To reveal defining patterns of mural cell transcripts, we compared the RNA sequencing data with data from four previously published studies. The meta-analysis provided a conservative catalogue of 260 brain mural cell-enriched gene transcripts. We validated pericyte-specific expression of two novel markers, vitronectin (Vtn) and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1), using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We further analyzed signaling pathways and interaction networks of the pericyte-enriched genes in silico. This work provides novel insight into the molecular composition of brain mural cells. The reported gene catalogue facilitates identification of brain pericytes by providing numerous new candidate marker genes and is a rich source for new hypotheses for future studies of brain mural cell physiology and pathophysiology.
Arabidopsis aldehyde dehydrogenase 10 family members confer salt tolerance through putrescine-derived 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) production
Authors: Zarei Adel , Trobacher Christopher P. , Shelp Barry J.
Published: October 2016

Polyamines represent a potential source of 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) in plants exposed to abiotic stress. Terminal catabolism of putrescine in Arabidopsis thaliana involves amine oxidase and the production of 4-aminobutanal, which is a substrate for NAD+-dependent aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH). Here, two AMADH homologs were chosen (AtALDH10A8 and AtALDH10A9) as candidates for encoding 4-aminobutanal dehydrogenase activity for GABA synthesis. The two genes were cloned and soluble recombinant proteins were produced in Escherichia coli. The pH optima for activity and catalytic efficiency of recombinant AtALDH10A8 with 3-aminopropanal as substrate was 10.5 and 8.5, respectively, whereas the optima for AtALDH10A9 were approximately 9.5. Maximal activity and catalytic efficiency were obtained with NAD+ and 3-aminopropanal, followed by 4-aminobutanal; negligible activity was obtained with betaine aldehyde. NAD+ reduction was accompanied by the production of GABA and β-alanine, respectively, with 4-aminobutanal and 3-aminopropanal as substrates. Transient co-expression systems using Arabidopsis cell suspension protoplasts or onion epidermal cells and several organelle markers revealed that AtALDH10A9 was peroxisomal, but AtALDH10A8 was cytosolic, although the N-terminal 140 amino acid sequence of AtALDH10A8 localized to the plastid. Root growth of single loss-of-function mutants was more sensitive to salinity than wild-type plants, and this was accompanied by reduced GABA accumulation.
The relationship between the dislocations and microstructure in In0.82Ga0.18As/InP heterostructures
Authors: Zhao Liang , Guo Zuoxing , Wei Qiulin , Miao Guoqing , Zhao Lei
Published: October 2016

In this work, we propose a formation mechanism to explain the relationship between the surface morphology (and microstructure) and dislocations in the In0.82Ga0.18As/InP heterostructure. The In0.82Ga0.18As epitaxial layers were grown on the InP (100) substrate at various temperatures (430 °C, 410 °C and 390 °C) using low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). Obvious protrusions and depressions were obseved on the surface of the In0.82Ga0.18As/InP heterostructure because of the movement of dislocations from the core to the surface. The surface morphologies of the In0.82Ga0.18As/InP (100) system became uneven with increasing temperature, which was associated with the formation of dislocations. Such research investigating the dislocation of large lattice mismatch heterostructures may play an important role in the future-design of semiconductor films.
Microenvironments created by liquid-liquid phase transition control the dynamic distribution of bacterial division FtsZ protein
Authors: Monterroso Begoña , Zorrilla Silvia , Sobrinos-Sanguino Marta , Keating Christine D. , Rivas Germán
Published: October 2016

The influence of membrane-free microcompartments resulting from crowding-induced liquid/liquid phase separation (LLPS) on the dynamic spatial organization of FtsZ, the main component of the bacterial division machinery, has been studied using several LLPS systems. The GTP-dependent assembly cycle of FtsZ is thought to be crucial for the formation of the septal ring, which is highly regulated in time and space. We found that FtsZ accumulates in one of the phases and/or at the interface, depending on the system composition and on the oligomerization state of the protein. These results were observed both in bulk LLPS and in lipid-stabilized, phase-separated aqueous microdroplets. The visualization of the droplets revealed that both the location and structural arrangement of FtsZ filaments is determined by the nature of the LLPS. Relocation upon depolymerization of the dynamic filaments suggests the protein may shift among microenvironments in response to changes in its association state. The existence of these dynamic compartments driven by phase transitions can alter the local composition and reactivity of FtsZ during its life cycle acting as a nonspecific modulating factor of cell function.
Growth in Nephrops norvegicus from a tag-recapture experiment
Authors: Haynes Paula S. , Browne Patricia , Fullbrook Liam , Graham Conor T. , Hancox Lee , Johnson Mark P. , Lauria Valentina , Power Anne Marie
Published: October 2016

Nephrops norvegicus is a commercially valuable fishery in the EU but management of stocks is challenging due to difficulties in aging individuals and calculating growth and biomass production. Growth of N. norvegicus was estimated by releasing 1177 tagged individuals in western Ireland in Summer 2013 and recapturing these in 2014 (n = 207, an average of 344 days later) and 2015 (n = 38, 654–665 days later). Moulting occurred twice per year in approximately half of the males and only once in females. Mean growth increments after approximately one year were 5.1 mm Carapace Length (CL) in males and 1.4 mm CL in females. After two years, males had grown by 12.0 mm CL and females by 4.6 mm CL, on average, across size classes. Low variation in growth increments was seen across female size classes, but significantly lower growth was observed in larger males, meeting an important assumption of the Von Bertalanffy Growth Function. Asymptotic carapace lengths were 70.8 mm (males) and 55.2 mm (females) with respective growth constants (k) of 0.161 yr−1 and 0.077 yr−1. The results suggest that this is a very productive fishery and that survivability of returns from creel fishing is high.
Stretchable Triboelectric Fiber for Self-powered Kinematic Sensing Textile
Authors: Sim Hyeon Jun , Choi Changsoon , Kim Shi Hyeong , Kim Kang Min , Lee Chang Jun , Kim Youn Tae , Lepró Xavier , Baughman Ray H. , Kim Seon Jeong
Published: October 2016

Stretchable fiber and yarn triboelectric nanogenerator are sought for such applications as wearable sensing system such as cloth communication devices, electronic textiles, and robotic sensory skin. Unfortunately, previously reported triboelectric fiber and yarn are difficult to have stretchable property. We introduce here a new type of stretchable and weavable triboelectric fibers with microdiameter dimensions. The stretchable triboelectric fibers can be reversibly stretched up to 50% in tensile direction while generating voltage output proportional to the applied tensile strain. The reversible distance change induced by the Poisson’s ratio difference between the core fiber (silver-coated nylon/polyurethane) and the shell (wrinkled polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene/carbon nanotube layer) during tensile deformation is the key working principle for electrical generation. Owing to exceptional structural stability, the stretchable triboelectric fibers show high performance retention after 10,000 times repeated stretching/releasing cycle. Furthermore, the stretchable triboelectric fibers are mechanically strong to be woven into a commercial textile for textile based sensors, which can detect magnitude as well as direction of the motion.
Functional characterization of a csoR-cueA divergon in Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCNWSX0360, involved in copper, zinc and cadmium cotolerance
Authors: Liang Jianqiang , Zhang Mingzhe , Lu Mingmei , Li Zhefei , Shen Xihui , Chou Minxia , Wei Gehong
Published: October 2016

Random mutagenesis in a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCNWSX0360 (Bln0360) using Tn5 identified five copper (Cu) resistance-related genes. They were functionally sorted into three groups: transmembrane transport (cueA and tolC); oxidation (copA); and protection of the membrane barrier (lptE and ctpA). The gene cueA, together with the upstream csoR (Cu-sensitive operon repressor), constituted a csoR-cueA divergon which plays a crucial role in Cu homeostasis. Deletion of cueA decreased the Cu tolerance of cells, and complementation of this mutant restored comparable Cu resistance to that of the wild-type. Transcriptional and fusion expression analysis demonstrated that csoR-cueA divergon was up-regulated by both the monovalent Cu+ and divalent Zn2+/Cd2+, and negatively regulated by transcriptional repressor CsoR, via a bidirectional promoter. Deletion of csoR renders the cell hyper-resistant to Cu, Zn and Cd. Although predicted to encode a Cu transporting P-type ATPase (CueA), cueA also conferred resistance to zinc and cadmium; two putative N-MBDs (N-terminal metal binding domains) of CueA were required for the Cu/Zn/Cd tolerance. Moreover, cueA is needed for nodulation competitiveness of B. liaoningense in Cu rich conditions. Together, the results demonstrated a crucial role for the csoR-cueA divergon as a component of the multiple-metal resistance machinery in B. liaoningense.
Cu3P/RGO Nanocomposite as a New Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Shuling , He Xiaodong , Zhu Jianping , Xu Liqiang , Tong Jianbo
Published: October 2016

Cu3P/reduced graphene oxide (Cu3P/RGO) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot method as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Cu3P nanostructures with a polyhedral shape with the mean diameter (80–100 nm) were homogeneously anchored on the surface of RGO. The flexible RGO sheets acted as elastic buffering layer which not only reduced the volume change, but also prevented the aggregation of Cu3P nanostructures, the cracking and crumbing of electrodes. On the other hand, the presence of Cu3P nanostructures could also avoid the agglomeration of RGO sheets and retain their highly active surface area. Therefore, as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared Cu3P/RGO exhibited high capacity of 756.15 mAhg−1 at the current density 500 mAg−1 after 80 cycles, superior cyclic stability and good rate capability.
A new class of optical sensors: a random laser based device
Authors: Ignesti Emilio , Tommasi Federico , Fini Lorenzo , Martelli Fabrizio , Azzali Niccolò , Cavalieri Stefano
Published: October 2016

In a random laser the optical feedback is provided by scattering rather than by an optical cavity. Then, since its emission characteristics are very susceptible to the scattering details, it is a natural candidate for making active sensors to use as a diagnostic tool for disordered media like biological samples. However, the methods reported up to now, requiring the injection of toxic substances in the sample, have the drawback of altering the physical-chemical composition of the medium and are not suitable for in-vivo measurements. Here we present a random laser based sensor that overcomes these problems by keeping gain and diffusion separated. We provide an experimental characterisation of the sensor by using a reference diffusive liquid phantom and we show that, compared to a passive method, this sensor takes advantage of the gain and spectral properties of the random laser principle.
Alterations in the functional neural circuitry supporting flexible choice behavior in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: D'Cruz A-M , Mosconi M W , Ragozzino M E , Cook E H , Sweeney J A
Published: October 2016

Restricted and repetitive behaviors, and a pronounced preference for behavioral and environmental consistency, are distinctive characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Alterations in frontostriatal circuitry that supports flexible behavior might underlie this behavioral impairment. In an functional magnetic resonance imaging study of 17 individuals with ASD, and 23 age-, gender- and IQ-matched typically developing control participants, reversal learning tasks were used to assess behavioral flexibility as participants switched from one learned response choice to a different response choice when task contingencies changed. When choice outcome after reversal was uncertain, the ASD group demonstrated reduced activation in both frontal cortex and ventral striatum, in the absence of task performance differences. When the outcomes of novel responses were certain, there was no difference in brain activation between groups. Reduced activation in frontal cortex and ventral striatum suggest problems in decision-making and response planning, and in processing reinforcement cues, respectively. These processes, and their integration, are essential for flexible behavior. Alterations in these systems may therefore contribute to a rigid adherence to preferred behavioral patterns in individuals with an ASD. These findings provide an additional impetus for the use of reversal learning paradigms as a translational model for treatment development targeting the domain of restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD.
The Use of Higher Plants in the Comet Assay
Authors: Gichner Tomas , Znidar Irena , Wagner Elizabeth D. , Plewa Michael J.
Published: October 2016

Plants are exposed to many environmental pollutants that are globally dispersed through aerial or aqueous pathways. In addition, agronomic crops as well as other plants are deliberately exposed to pesticides and other chemicals applied in modern agriculture. Assays to detect the genotoxicity of these pollutants are at present not available for most plant species. This limitation hampers or prevents the detection of the genotoxicity of xenobiotics in plants growing, for example, on polluted soil. To overcome the limitation, the Comet assay can be applied to detect DNA damage in plants.
Methods for Freezing Blood Samples at −80 °C for DNA Damage Analysis in Human Leukocytes
Authors: Singh Narendra P. , Lai Henry C.
Published: October 2016

It was hypothesised that certain freezing protocols would more fully reveal DNA damage induced by chemical or physical agents. X-Ray induced DNA damage was used as a model for DNA damage induced by exposure to genotoxic agents. Here, we report two new protocols for the assessment of DNA-damage levels in human whole blood nucleated cells.
Development and Applications of the Comet-FISH Assay for the Study of DNA Damage and Repair
Authors: Mckelvey-Martin Valerie J. , Mckenna Declan J.
Published: October 2016

This review discusses the methods for employing the Comet-FISH assay in the laboratory and summarises the various studies that have successfully used this approach, examining the different applications and uses of this versatile technique. The potential and limitations of the assay are also considered and the importance of these limitations on accurate data interpretation is emphasised.
Applications of the Comet Assay in Human Biomonitoring
Authors: Collins Andrew R. , Dusinska Maria
Published: October 2016

This review will focus on biomarkers of genotoxic exposure and cancer risk, and in particular on the measurement of DNA damage and DNA repair using the Comet assay. Molecular biomarkers can be applied in the context of case-control, cohort or intervention studies. As in conventional epidemiology, study design and statistical considerations (especially power calculations) are critically important – as is the use of validated, reliable biomarker assays with sufficient sensitivity to detect individual differences with accuracy and precision.
Imaging and Image Analysis in the Comet Assay
Authors: Browne Mark
Published: October 2016

Imaging and image analysis provides the vital link between the “wet” comet assay and statistical analysis of results. Therefore, in this chapter we consider all aspects of the process including: fluorescent labelling of DNA; function, selection and care of microscope components; evolution of light sources; camera technologies; digital image processing leading to quantitative analysis of comet DNA distributions; database storage and management of results; and finally, data preparation for statistical analysis in the light of the recent OECD test guideline TG489.
Heteroleptic [Os(H)(CO)(N∧N)(tpp)2]+and [Os(Cl)(CO)(N∧N)(tpp)2]+complexes – comparative studies of their luminescence properties
Authors: Kamecka Anna , Suwińska Kinga , Kapturkiewicz Andrzej
Published: October 2016

Two classes of luminescent osmium(ii) complexes – very similar (H ≈ Cl) and slightly different (H ≠ Cl).
Two unprecedented decanuclear heterometallic [MnII2MnIII6LnIII2] (Ln = Dy, Tb) complexes displaying relaxation of magnetization
Authors: Wang Hui-Sheng , Yang Feng-Jun , Long Qiao-Qiao , Huang Zhi-Yong , Chen Wei , Pan Zhi-Quan , Song You
Published: October 2016

The synthesis and magnetic properties of two novel [Mn8Ln2] complexes containing the gem-diol form of di-2-pyridyl ketone and triethanolamine were investigated.
Synthesis and structural characterization of iron complexes bearing N-aryl-phenanthren-o-iminoquinone ligands
Authors: Xu Bin , Ma Anjie , Jia Teng , Hao Zhiqiang , Gao Wei , Mu Ying
Published: October 2016

Treatments of N-aryl-phenanthren-o-iminoquinone (aryl = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (MeL); 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (iPrL)) with iron powder in THF at 75 °C generate complexes [η2L]2Fe[η1LH] (1a, L = MeL; 1b, L = iPrL) in moderate yields.
A consilience model to describe N2O production during biological N removal
Authors: Domingo-Félez C. , Smets B. F.
Published: October 2016

A mathematical model congruent with the current understanding of the biological processes occurring during wastewater treatment operations is proposed.
Transition metal-free N-arylation of secondary amides through iodonium salts as aryne precursors
Authors: Wang Ming , Huang Zhijian
Published: October 2016

A transition metal-free approach for N-arylation of secondary amides was developed via diaryliodonium salts as aryne precursors.
A catalyst- and solvent-free thermal multicomponent approach for the construction of diverse and polysubstituted 2-aminopyridines and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Baral Ek Raj , Sharma Kavita , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Lee Yong Rok
Published: October 2016

A multicomponent approach for the synthesis of polysubstituted 2-aminopyridines under catalyst- and solvent-free thermal conditions has been established.
Catalytic enantioselective cascade Michael/cyclization reaction of 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles with exocyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones en route to 3,2′-pyrrolidinyl bispirooxindoles
Authors: Kayal Satavisha , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: October 2016

Cascade Michael/cyclization reactions between 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles and exocyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones are shown to proceed in the presence of a tertiary amino-squaramide catalyst and furnish 3,2′-pyrrolidinyl bispirooxindoles with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 : 1 er).
Fe3O4@nano-cellulose/TiCl: a bio-based and magnetically recoverable nano-catalyst for the synthesis of pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazole derivatives
Authors: Azad Sara , Fatameh Mirjalili Bi Bi
Published: October 2016

We have demonstrated the preparation and characterization of Fe3O4@NCs/TiCl as highly efficient, magnetically recyclable, cheap and novel bio-based heterogeneous catalyst.
Hydrolysis behaviors of sugarcane bagasse pith in subcritical carbon dioxide–water
Authors: Liang Jiezhen , Chen Xiaopeng , Wang Linlin , Wei Xiaojie , Qiu Feifei , Lu Chaochao
Published: October 2016

Subcritical CO2–water exhibits a high capacity for dissolution and catalysis to promote the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pith.
Effect of pressure cooking on physicochemical properties of salted eggs
Authors: Yang Na , Jin Yamei , Xu Yue , Bin Yonglin , Xu Xueming
Published: October 2016

Pressure cooking is a curing method for improving the quality of salted eggs.
Impact of attapulgite clay on the phases and structures of novel woodceramics
Authors: Wu Wentao , Cai Chuanlun , Li Yanyan , Chen Yunan , Gao Yang , Zhao Yibu , Ren Wenhui
Published: October 2016

Using attapulgite to improve the performance of woodceramics.
Quantitative X-ray microscopic analysis of individual thermoresponsive microgel particles in aqueous solution
Authors: Späth Andreas , Graf-Zeiler Birgit A. , Paradossi Gaio , Ghugare Shivkumar , Tzvetkov George , Fink Rainer H.
Published: October 2016

The temperature dependent phase transition of individual thermoresponsive microgel particles in aqueous solution has been studied by high resolution soft X-ray transmission microscopy (STXM).
Phase transformations of novel CuxS nanostructures as highly efficient counter electrodes for stable and reproducible quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Venkata-Haritha Mallineni , Gopi Chandu V. V. M. , Lee Young-Seok , Kim Hee-Je
Published: October 2016

A quantum dot-sensitized solar cell assembled with a Cu1.12S nanosphere counter electrode exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 5.88%.
High performance A–D–A oligothiophene-based organic solar cells employing two-step annealing and solution-processable copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) as an interfacial hole transporting layer
Authors: Mishra Amaresh , Rana Tushar , Looser Annika , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank , Bäuerle Peter , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: October 2016

A–D–A-type small molecular donors with different terminal acceptor groups were developed achieving high PCEs of up to 8.22% in solution-processed organic solar cells.
Stably dispersed high-temperature Fe3O4/silicone-oil nanofluids for direct solar thermal energy harvesting
Authors: Chen Yingying , Quan Xiaojun , Wang Zhongyong , Lee Chiahsun , Wang ZiZhao , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Wu Jianbo , Shang Wen , Deng Tao
Published: October 2016

A facile and effective approach is proposed to prepare silicone-oil-based functional nanofluids with stable dispersion, and to explore their direct solar-thermal energy harvesting application at high operating temperatures.
3D graphene framework supported Li2S coated with ultra-thin Al2O3 films: binder-free cathodes for high-performance lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Chen Yan , Lu Songtao , Zhou Jia , Wu Xiaohong , Qin Wei , Ogoke Ogechi , Wu Gang
Published: October 2016

A newly developed Al2O3–Li2S–GS cathode with Al2O3 ultra-thin layers preferentially coated on Li2S by ALD can deliver a significantly improved cycling and rate performance for Li–S batteries.
Structure design of NiCo2O4 electrodes for high performance pseudocapacitors and lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Pu Jun , Liu Ziqiang , Ma Zihan , Wang Jian , Zhang Lei , Chang Shaozhong , Wu Wenlu , Shen Zihan , Zhang Huigang
Published: October 2016

An ultralight nickel scaffold is designed to enhance the electrochemical performance of NiCo2O4 nanowire electrodes.
Mechanism and disease association of E2-conjugating enzymes: lessons from UBE2T and UBE2L3
Authors: Alpi Arno F. , Chaugule Viduth , Walden Helen
Published: October 2016

Ubiquitin signalling is a fundamental eukaryotic regulatory system, controlling diverse cellular functions. A cascade of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes is required for assembly of distinct signals, whereas an array of deubiquitinases and ubiquitin-binding modules edit, remove, and translate the signals. In the centre of this cascade sits the E2-conjugating enzyme, relaying activated ubiquitin from the E1 activating enzyme to the substrate, usually via an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Many disease states are associated with dysfunction of ubiquitin signalling, with the E3s being a particular focus. However, recent evidence demonstrates that mutations or impairment of the E2s can lead to severe disease states, including chromosome instability syndromes, cancer predisposition, and immunological disorders. Given their relevance to diseases, E2s may represent an important class of therapeutic targets. In the present study, we review the current understanding of the mechanism of this important family of enzymes, and the role of selected E2s in disease.
Unified reference controller for flexible primary control and inertia sharing in multi‐terminal voltage source converter‐HVDC grids
Authors: Rouzbehi Kumars , Zhang Weiyi , Ignacio Candela Jose , Luna Alvaro , Rodriguez Pedro
Published: October 2016

Multi‐terminal dc (MTDC) grids are expected to be built and experience rapid expansion in the near future as they have emerged as a competitive solution for transmitting offshore wind generation and overlaying their ac counterpart. The concept of inertia sharing for the control and operation of MTDC grids, which can be achieved by the proposed unified reference controller. The control objectives of the MTDC grids voltage source converter (VSC) stations are no longer limited to the stabilisation of MTDC grid, instead, the requirements of ac side are also met. The interaction dynamics between the ac and dc grid is analysed to illustrate the proposed concept. In addition, the voltage source converter stations can work in different operation modes based on the proposed unified control structure, and can switch among the operation modes smoothly following the secondary control commands. Simulation results exhibit the merits and satisfactory performance of the proposed control strategy for stable MTDC grid operation.
Nitrile versus isonitrile adsorption at interstellar grains surfaces
Authors: Bertin M. , Doronin M. , Fillion J.-H. , Michaut X. , Philippe L. , Lattelais M. , Markovits A. , Pauzat F. , Ellinger Y. , Guillemin J.-C.
Published: October 2016

Context. Almost 20% of the ~200 different species detected in the interstellar and circumstellar media present a carbon atom linked to nitrogen by a triple bond. Among these 37 molecules, 30 are nitrile R-CN compounds, the remaining seven belonging to the isonitrile R-NC family. How these species behave in presence of the grain surfaces is still an open question.

Aims. In this contribution we investigate whether the difference between nitrile and isonitrile functional groups may induce differences in the adsorption energies of the related isomers at the surfaces of interstellar grains of different nature and morphologies.

Methods. The question was addressed by means of a concerted experimental and theoretical study of the adsorption energies of CH3CN and CH3NC on the surface water ice and silica. The experimental determination of the molecule – surface interaction energies was carried out using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) under an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) between 70 and 160 K. Theoretically, the question was addressed using first principle periodic density functional theory (DFT) to represent the organized solid support.

Results. The most stable isomer (CH3CN) interacts more efficiently with the solid support than the higher energy isomer (CH3NC) for water ice and silica. Comparing with the HCN and HNC pair of isomers, the simulations show an opposite behaviour, in which isonitrile HNC are more strongly adsorbed than nitrile HCN provided that hydrogen bonds are compatible with the nature of the model surface.

Conclusions. The present study confirms that the strength of the molecule surface interaction between isomers is not related to their intrinsic stability but instead to their respective ability to generate different types of hydrogen bonds. Coupling TPD to first principle simulations is a powerful method for investigating the possible role of interstellar surfaces in the release of organic species from grains, depending on the environment.
L’ectoderme, le mésoderme et le neurectoderme sont des types
tissulaires importants pour la compréhension et la prévention des résorptions
radiculaires. Recommandations cliniques
Authors: Kjær Inger
Published: October 2016

Introduction : Cet article, présenté en trois parties, synthétise des
notions déjà publiées par l’auteur. Partie 1. Nouvelle approche diagnostique de la
denture. L’origine et l’apparition des trois types de tissus - ectoderme, mésoderme
(ectomésenchyme) et nerfs périphériques - sont décrites sur des orthopantomogrammes à des
fins diagnostiques. Ces mêmes types tissulaires sont notables sur la surface de la racine
(feuillet péri-radiculaire). Partie 2. Facteurs provoquant la résorption radiculaire. La
résorption peut être expliquée par la composition du feuillet péri-radiculaire. Des
variations (congénitales ou acquises) dans chacune des trois couches tissulaires peuvent
provoquer une inflammation conduisant à une résorption. Les forces orthodontiques
occasionnant une résorption peuvent s’appliquer sur des feuillets péri-radiculaires
normaux, mais aussi sur des feuillets présentant des variations congénitales qui sont
importantes à diagnostiquer. Partie 3. Comment prévenir la résorption radiculaire –
Recommandations cliniques. Des maladies générales et des morphologies dentaires
particulières sont des signes prédisposant à la résorption radiculaire (ectoderme et
mésoderme), de même que des attaques virales générales ou locales (neurectoderme). Des
dentures non traitées orthodontiquement peuvent être atteintes de résorption.
Matériel et méthode : L’auteur s’appuie sur une revue de la littérature
pour présenter une nouvelle approche diagnostique fondée sur des notions histologiques et
embryologiques. Résultats : Cette revue révèle différentes étiologies et
différentes localisations impliquées dans les résorptions radiculaires. Les patients
présentant des variations au niveau du feuillet péri-radiculaire sont les plus exposés aux
résorptions radiculaires. Discussion : À ce stade, il est difficile de
diagnostiquer ces variations; l’auteur propose des recommandations diagnostiques à suivre
avant le traitement orthodontique. Même sans traitement d’orthodontie, des résorptions
radiculaires peuvent se développer de manière inattendue. La prévention des résorptions
dans de tels cas n’est pas possible actuellement.
La naissance de l’Edgewise ou le dernier et le meilleur
mécanisme d’Angle
Authors: Philippe Julien
Published: October 2016

Introduction : L’application de forces mécaniques sur les dents constitue
une part non négligeable du traitement orthodontique. La mécanique la plus utilisée,
l’« Edgewise », née il y a 88 ans, s’est imposée à travers le monde. Son invention par E.H.
Angle en 1928 représente, pour l’histoire de l’orthodontie, un évènement qui mérite d’être
rappelé. Matériels et méthodes : Cet article expose brièvement les raisons
qui ont poussé Angle à mettre au point une nouvelle mécanique. Résultats :
Pour présenter le premier système mécanique agissant dans les trois plans de
l’espace, Angle a montré des schémas et donner des modes d’emploi précis, rappelant à
plusieurs reprises que sa mécanique n’est pas compliquée et qu’une étude attentive doit
permettre d’en surmonter toutes les difficultés. Discussion : La conception
thérapeutique d’Angle n’a été suivie que pendant une courte période, son auteur étant
décédé peu de temps après sa présentation. Mais les mécaniques inventées par la suite
conservèrent les principes de l’Edgewise, rendant ainsi hommage à une grande invention.
Combined neutron and x-ray imaging at the National Ignition Facility (invited)
Authors: Danly C. R. , Christensen K. , Fatherley V. E. , Fittinghoff D. N. , Grim G. P. , Hibbard R. , Izumi N. , Jedlovec D. , Merrill F. E. , Schmidt D. W. , Simpson R. A. , Skulina K. , Volegov P. L. , Wilde C. H.
Published: October 2016

X-ray and neutrons are commonly used to image inertial confinement fusion implosions, providing key diagnostic information on the fuel assembly of burning deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel. The x-ray and neutron data provided are complementary as the production of neutrons and x-rays occurs from different physical processes, but typically these two images are collected from different views with no opportunity for co-registration of the two images. Neutrons are produced where the DT fusion fuel is burning; X-rays are produced in regions corresponding to high temperatures. Processes such as mix of ablator material into the hotspot can result in increased x-ray production and decreased neutron production but can only be confidently observed if the two images are collected along the same line of sight and co-registered. To allow direct comparison of x-ray and neutron data, a combined neutron x-ray imaging system has been tested at Omega and installed at the National Ignition Facility to collect an x-ray image along the currently installed neutron imaging line of sight. This system is described, and initial results are presented along with prospects for definitive coregistration of the images.
Accelerated micropolar fluid–flow past an uniformly rotating circular cylinder
Authors: Siddiqui Abuzar Abid
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we formulated the non-steady flow due to the uniformly accelerated and rotating circular cylinder from rest in a stationary, viscous, incompressible and micropolar fluid. This flow problem is examined numerically by adopting a special scheme comprising the Adams-Bashforth Temporal Fourier Series method and the Runge-Kutta Temporal Special Finite-Difference method. This numerical scheme transforms the governing equation into a system of finite-difference equations. This system was further solved numerically by point successive-over-relaxation method. These results were also further extrapolated by the Richardson extrapolation method. This scheme is valid for all values of the flow and fluid-parameters and for all time. Moreover the boundary conditions of the vorticity and the spin at points far from the cylinder are being imposed and encountered too. The results are compared with existing results (for non-rotating circular cylinder in Newtonian fluids). The comparison is good. The enhancement of lift and reduction in drag is observed if the micropolarity effects are intensified. Same is happened if the rotation of a cylinder increases. Furthermore, the vortex-pair in the wake is delayed to successively higher times as rotation parameter increases. In addition, the rotation helps not only in dissolving vortices adjacent to the cylinder and adverse pressure region but also in dissolving the boundary layer separation. Furthermore, the rotation reduces the micropolar spin boundary layer.
Design and testing of 45 kV, 50 kHz pulse power supply for dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Sharma Surender Kumar , Shyam Anurag
Published: October 2016

The design, construction, and testing of high frequency, high voltage pulse power supply are reported. The purpose of the power supply is to generate dielectric barrier discharges for industrial applications. The power supply is compact and has the advantage of low cost, over current protection, and convenient control for voltage and frequency selection. The power supply can generate high voltage pulses of up to 45 kV at the repetitive frequency range of 1 kHz–50 kHz with 1.2 kW input power. The output current of the power supply is limited to 500 mA. The pulse rise time and fall time are less than 2 μs and the pulse width is 2 μs. The power supply is short circuit proof and can withstand variable plasma load conditions. The power supply mainly consists of a half bridge series resonant converter to charge an intermediate capacitor, which discharges through a step-up transformer at high frequency to generate high voltage pulses. Semiconductor switches and amorphous cores are used for power modulation at higher frequencies. The power supply is tested with quartz tube dielectric barrier discharge load and worked stably. The design details and the performance of the power supply on no load and dielectric barrier discharge load are presented.
Synthesizing high-order harmonics to generate a sub-cycle pulse in free-electron lasers
Authors: Kida Yuichiro , Kinjo Ryota , Tanaka Takashi
Published: October 2016

An approach is proposed to generate a quasi-isolated sub-cycle pulse in X-ray free-electron lasers. Its principle is based on the recently proposed concept of mono-cycle harmonic generation [T. Tanaka, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 044801 (2015)], but uses the chirped microbunch with high-order harmonic frequencies. This allows the synthesis of a sub-cycle field structure in the coherent radiation. Moreover, the tolerance in energy spread is greatly relaxed compared with the originally proposed scheme. Additionally, the practical procedure for realizing the scheme is greatly simplified. Numerical investigations show that a quasi-isolated sub-cycle pulse with a gigawatt peak power can be generated using an electron beam with a realistic energy spread as conventional accelerators for free-electron lasers.
Fore-wake excitations from moving charged objects in a complex plasma
Authors: Tiwari Sanat Kumar , Sen Abhijit
Published: October 2016

A charged object moving at a supersonic speed in a plasma creates the familiar Mach cone structure in its wake but can also give rise to nonlinear wave excitations ahead of it. Using molecular dynamic simulations, we explore such fore-wake excitations in a strongly coupled dusty plasma and demonstrate the existence of precursor solitonic pulses and dispersive shock waves in that region. The excitation conditions as well as the propagation characteristics of such pulses are delineated as a function of the projectile velocity, the plasma density, the Coulomb coupling parameter, and the amount of charge on the projectile. Our simulation results provide a kinetic basis for earlier fluid model calculations and also give insights into the dynamical processes responsible for such excitations that can aid in future experimental and application oriented studies.
Radical new paradigm for heme degradation in
Escherichia coli
O157:H7
Authors: LaMattina Joseph W. , Nix David B. , Lanzilotta William Nicholas
Published: October 2016

Significance

The ability of pathogenic microorganisms to acquire iron from heme has been shown to be a valid antimicrobial target. However, all of the known mechanisms for heme catabolism that lead to iron release in bacteria and higher eukaryotes are dependent on molecular oxygen as a cosubstrate. The human gut is dominated by strictly anaerobic bacteria, and in this work, we provide evidence for anaerobic heme degradation in enteric pathogens. The anaerobic mechanism is significantly different from what has been observed in other bacteria and may provide a unique opportunity for a new class of antimicrobial compounds.
Interactions of social, terrestrial, and marine sub-systems in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
Authors: Walsh Stephen J. , Mena Carlos F.
Published: October 2016

Galapagos is often cited as an example of the conflicts that are emerging between resource conservation and economic development in island ecosystems, as the pressures associated with tourism threaten nature, including the iconic and emblematic species, unique terrestrial landscapes, and special marine environments. In this paper, two projects are described that rely upon dynamic systems models and agent-based models to examine human–environment interactions. We use a theoretical context rooted in complexity theory to guide the development of our models that are linked to social–ecological dynamics. The goal of this paper is to describe key elements, relationships, and processes to inform and enhance our understanding of human–environment interactions in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador. By formalizing our knowledge of how systems operate and the manner in which key elements are linked in coupled human–natural systems, we specify rules, relationships, and rates of exchange between social and ecological features derived through statistical functions and/or functions specified in theory or practice. The processes described in our models also have practical applications in that they emphasize how political policies generate different human responses and model outcomes, many detrimental to the social–ecological sustainability of the Galapagos Islands.
Human amygdala engagement moderated by early life stress exposure is a biobehavioral target for predicting recovery on antidepressants
Authors: Goldstein-Piekarski Andrea N. , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Green Erin , Suppes Trisha , Schatzberg Alan F. , Hastie Trevor , Nemeroff Charles B. , Williams Leanne M.
Published: October 2016

Significance

Amygdala reactivity and early life stress (ELS) are both strongly implicated in the mechanisms of depression in animal and human models. Despite these mechanistic foundations, amygdala reactivity and ELS have not been investigated as biobehavioral targets for predicting functional remission in depression. We addressed this issue by integrating human imaging and ELS measures within a controlled trial of antidepressant outcomes. We demonstrate that the interaction between ELS and amygdala engagement predicts functional remission on antidepressants with a greater than 80% cross-validated accuracy. In depressed people exposed to high ELS, a greater likelihood of remission was predicted by amygdala hyperreactivity to socially rewarding stimuli, whereas for those with low-ELS exposure, amygdala hyporeactivity to both rewarding and threat-related stimuli predicted remission.
Resource scarcity drives lethal aggression among prehistoric hunter-gatherers in central California
Authors: Allen Mark W. , Bettinger Robert Lawrence , Codding Brian F. , Jones Terry L. , Schwitalla Al W.
Published: October 2016

Significance

From warfare to homicide, lethal violence is an all too common aspect of the human experience, yet we still do not have a clear explanation of why individuals kill one another. We suggest the search for an answer should begin with an empirical understanding of where and when individuals are more prone to experience violence. Examining patterns of lethal trauma among hunter-gatherer populations in prehistoric central California, this study reveals that violence is explained by resource scarcity and not political organization. This finding provides a clear rationale to understand why violence may be greater in specific times or places through human history, which can help predict where and when it may arise in the future.
Cryptophyte farming by symbiotic ciliate host detected in situ
Authors: Qiu Dajun , Huang Liangmin , Lin Senjie
Published: October 2016

Significance

Symbioses between marine plankton species are diverse and widespread both spatially and taxonomically. However, the nature and function of such relationships in natural assemblages are severely underexplored due to technical challenges. Consequently, as an example, the relationship between the ciliate
Mesodinium rubrum
and its observed cryptophyte endosymbiont is varied and debated, from enslaving chloroplasts to exploiting an organelle complex. Applying environmental transcriptomics and other methods to a natural bloom of
M. rubrum
revealed an unsuspected relationship, “host farming symbiont,” in which the host helps to transport nutrients from the environment, promotes symbiont cell proliferation, and benefits from the symbiont’s photosynthesis.
The physics and technology basis entering European system code studies for DEMO
Authors: Wenninger R. , Kembleton R. , Bachmann C. , Biel W. , Bolzonella T. , Ciattaglia S. , Cismondi F. , Coleman M. , Donné A.J.H. , Eich T. , Fable E. , Federici G. , Franke T. , Lux H. , Maviglia F. , Meszaros B. , Pütterich T. , Saarelma S. , Snickers A. , Villone F. , Vincenzi P. , Wolff D. , Zohm H.
Published: October 2016

A large scale program to develop a conceptual design for a demonstration fusion power plant (DEMO) has been initiated in Europe. Central elements are the baseline design points, which are developed by system codes. The assessment of the credibility of these design points is often hampered by missing information. The main physics and technology content of the central European system codes have been published (Kovari et al 2014 Fusion Eng. Des. 89 3054–69, 2016 Fusion Eng. Des. 104 9–20, Reux et al 2015 Nucl. Fusion
55 073011). In addition, this publication discusses key input parameters for the pulsed and conservative design option

EU DEMO1 2015

and provides justifications for the parameter choices. In this context several DEMO physics gaps are identified, which need to be addressed in the future to reduce the uncertainty in predicting the performance of the device.

Also the sensitivities of net electric power and pulse duration to variations of the input parameters are investigated. The most extreme sensitivity is found for the elongation (

Δ

κ

95

=
10
%

corresponds to

Δ

P

e
l
,
n
e
t

=
125
%

).
LDAP: a web server for lncRNA-disease association prediction
Authors: Lan Wei , Li Min , Zhao Kaijie , Liu Jin , Wu Fang-Xiang , Pan Yi , Wang Jianxin
Published: October 2016

Motivation

Increasing evidences have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in many human diseases. Therefore, predicting novel lncRNA-disease associations would contribute to dissect the complex mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Some computational methods have been developed to infer lncRNA-disease associations. However, most of these methods infer lncRNA-disease associations only based on single data resource.

Results

In this paper, we propose a new computational method to predict lncRNA-disease associations by integrating multiple biological data resources. Then, we implement this method as a web server for lncRNA-disease association prediction (LDAP). The input of the LDAP server is the lncRNA sequence. The LDAP predicts potential lncRNA-disease associations by using a bagging SVM classifier based on lncRNA similarity and disease similarity.

Availability and Implementation

The web server is available at http://bioinformatics.csu.edu.cn/ldap

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CIIPro: a new read-across portal to fill data gaps using public large-scale chemical and biological data
Authors: Russo Daniel P , Kim Marlene T , Wang Wenyi , Pinolini Daniel , Shende Sunil , Strickland Judy , Hartung Thomas , Zhu Hao
Published: October 2016

We have developed a public Chemical In vitro–In vivo Profiling (CIIPro) portal, which can automatically extract in vitro biological data from public resources (i.e. PubChem) for user-supplied compounds. For compounds with in vivo target activity data (e.g. animal toxicity testing results), the integrated cheminformatics algorithm will optimize the extracted biological data using in vitro–in vivo correlations. The resulting in vitro biological data for target compounds can be used for read-across risk assessment of target compounds. Additionally, the CIIPro portal can identify the most similar compounds based on their optimized bioprofiles. The CIIPro portal provides new powerful assessment capabilities to the scientific community and can be easily integrated with other cheminformatics tools.

Availability and Implementation

ciipro.rutgers.edu.