bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of bioactive moieties of Cupressus arizonica and Cupressus sempervirens wood knots
Authors:   Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran, Abdulkhani Ali , Sedaghat Akram ,   Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran, Alizadeh Peyman ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada, Tabil Lope ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada
Published: February 2022

This research was aimed to determine the hydrophilic bioactive extractives of Arizona cypress. The extractives of Arizona cypress were isolated and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrophilic compounds of the extractives were mildly isolated by soaking the wood flour in ethanol: water (9:1 v/v) solution followed by n-hexane extraction to remove the lipophilic moieties. Raw extract of Arizona cypress was further purified to isolate the bioactive phenols using dichloromethane-ethanol in a solvent-solvent system and precipitation with potassium acetate. The bioactivity of the hydrophilic extracts of Cupressus arizonica was determined and compared with the raw hydrophilic extractives of Cupressus sempervirens and Picea excelsa. The total phenol content was determined according to the folin-ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity was determined by iron (II) chelating activity and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. From the GC/MS analysis, different amounts of bioactive moieties, including matairesinol (MAT), curcumin, dienestrol, arctigenin (ARC) and sescoisolariciresinol (SEC), were found in the extract of C. arizonica wood knots. Comparative evaluation of the total phenolics by folin-ciocalteu analysis showed that extraction by simple soaking could precisely indicate the quantity of phenolic compounds in the extracts. The antioxidant activity of extracts indicated by DPPH radical scavenging and iron (II) chelating capacity showed that the antioxidant activity is dependent on the amount and category of bioactive phenols in the extracts.
STREET ART IN CAIRO AS A MEANS OF POLITICAL RESISTANCE EMPLOYED TO RESIST EGYPT’S MILITARY GOVERNMENT (2011-2012)
Authors: Hamzah Sarahmadhani Baiquni Suardi , Letmiros Letmiros
Published: February 2022

This article discussed street art in Cairo after the Arab Spring ( العربي الربيع ). Revolution took place on Januari 25. 2011 when Egypt was led by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF). This paper was aimed at elaborating how street art in Cairo served as a means of political resistance employed to resist SCAF military government. This study employed a descriptive-qualitative method, Jenkins’s (2009) participatory culture theory and Peteet’s (1996) art as a means of political resistance. This study found out that, in general, street art or graffiti in Cairo during SCAF military government era emerged in the forms of stencil and mural works. In that era, street art served as a means of political resistance employed for various purposes such as criticizing the regime, telling stories of what was going on, depicting violence and murders committed by the security forces, commemorating martyrs of the revolution and telling stories of struggle, oppression and sexual harassment towards Egyptian women, Street art offered opportunities to the community to participate there so as to express their aspirations and make Cairo’s streets and walls public space for ‘a participatory culture’. Graffiti or street art found in Cairo served as a means of political resistance. Most of the murals on the walls depicted chaotic situations of that era, commemorated events and martyrs of the revolution, and commented on the social and political situations sharply.KEYWORDS: Street Art, Cairo, Arab Spring, Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
THE COMPARISON OF STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN A FANSUB AND THE OFFICIAL SUBTITLE OF GAME NIGHT MOVIE (2018)
Authors: Putri Fatmasari , Wijaya Andika
Published: February 2022

Characters in a movie often use idioms in various situations to express certain ideas. However, translating idioms can be challenging for translators making the movie subtitle. This descriptive-qualitative research aims to examine the types of idioms that appear in Game Night movie (2018) and compare the strategies used in the fansub and the official subtitle of the movie in translating idiomatic expressions. The data analyzed in this research consist of all the idioms that appear in the movie and their Indonesian translations. The results of this study show that English phrasal compounds constitute the most frequently used type of idiom. Meanwhile, the most used translation strategy in both the fansub and the official subtitle is the translation by paraphrase strategy. Despite the application of the same strategy, there are still some differences in the translations of the same idioms between the two subtitles. Meanwhile, other translation strategies are used in different frequencies. Overall, the study finds the official subtitle to be more communicative than the fansub translation.KEYWORDS: Idiom, Translation Strategies, Fansub, Official Subtitle, Game Night
ANALYSIS OF THE NORMATIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT OF THE CRIME OF INSULTING THE STATE SYMBOL: CASE STUDY OF THE INSULT TO THE STATE COAT OF ARMS BY ZASKIA GOTIK AND HABIB RIZIEQ
Authors: Hermanto Budi
Published: February 2022

Cases of insulting the national emblem are increasing and attracting attention. A number of cases of allegations of insulting the national emblem have brought up a number of names, from celebrities, religious and community leaders, teenagers and students, to organizations. Two cases that were busy were allegations of insulting the national emblem by Zaskia Gotik and Habib Rizieq, which appeared at a similar period. Various studies regarding the alleged humiliation of the state symbol by Zaskia Gotik and Habib Rizieq have been widely studied. However, most of the studies focused on linguistic and communication perspectives. Unlike previous studies, this paper intends to examine the aspects of criminal law enforcement in both cases. To answer the research problems raised, the author uses important concepts in punishment and also the theory of legal certainty. This study is a normative juridical study with secondary data as material for analysis. This research reveals that law enforcement in cases of alleged insulting the state symbol by Zaskia Gotik and Habib Rizieq provides legal certainty because of the existence of corridors or guidelines in declaring the act guilty or not legally. The corridor refers to Law no. 24 of 2009 which regulates the symbols of the state, one of which is the symbol of the state, both regarding the meaning, prohibition, and threat.KEYWORDS: State Symbol, Actus reus, Mens Rea, Criminal Act, Punishment, Legal Certainty, Law Enforcement
TRISUTJI KAMAL'S MUSIC IN FOUR PERIODS
Authors: Nainggolan Marusya , Budianta Melani , Stefiro Alvin , Anggita Jenni
Published: February 2022

This article maps the works of Indonesian female music composer and pianist, Trisutji Kamal, whose career spanned 7 decades. The composer who died in March 2021, was celebrated for the Islamic element of her works. Using the whole oeuvre of her music, personal interviews and historical research, this article argues that the religious element comprises only one period out of the four periods identified in her long career. The article contends that Kamal’s musical style was shaped by European music but tuned into Javanese nuances in its harmony, timbre and dynamic, creating a sense of embellished dissonance. We conclude that this style was brought about by Kamal’s effort in integrating the East and the West, musically as well as culturally. The article fills in the gap in research on Asian composers.KEYWORDS: Trisutji Kamal, Indonesian female composer, periodization, music development
ARABIC VOCABULARY IN THE HEALTH REGISTER DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC ERA: MORPHO-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Aina Desya Asrota , Imamuddin Basuni
Published: February 2022

This research was motivated by the emergence of a virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-cOv-2) or also called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has been the cause of the global pandemic. It is obvious that science will continue to evolve as there are problems existing in this world. New terms or vocabulary in health sciences has begun to emerge along with the presence of this virus, either in control of the virus or in the prevention of the virus. This study discusses the Arabic vocabulary in the health register that has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of morphology and semantics. This analysis uses the qualitative descriptive method. The main purpose of this study is to expose to the readers on the forms and meanings in the health register of Arabic vocabulary that has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data obtained in this study are outlined from the almasdar online newspaper from Yemen and assisted with an Arabic dictionary. The results obtained from this study from the morphological aspect found that Arabic vocabulary in the health register that has appeared during the COVID-19 pandemic has some in the form of Arabization, derivation, pluralization, words blending, and hybrid. From the semantic aspect, it was found that the Arabic vocabulary in the health register that has appeared during the COVID-19 pandemic was in the form of metaphors, translations, and shifts of meaning. When viewed from meaning relations, there are relationships of synonym, antonym, and idiom meanings.KEYWORDS: Vocabulary, Morphology, Semantics, Health, COVID-19INTRODUCTION
GLOBALISATION AND THE QUESTION OF LOYALTY IN AFRICA: A PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION
Authors: Omotoyinbo Femi R , Okolo MSC
Published: February 2022

The focus of this study is on the influence of globalisation on the patriotic loyalty of Africans to Africa. Existing discourse is quite thin regarding the relationship between globalisation and loyalty in Africa. Yet, examining such relationship is important to understand the dearth of desirable development in many African states. Taking a philosophical approach, the contention in this study is that patriotic loyalty, which is significant for development in Africa, has been distorted by the influx of globalisation into Africa. The study historically highlights how globalisation influences diversion of loyalty from the immediate community to the global community. While the purpose of the study is not to encourage disloyalty to the global community, the emphasis, however, is that loyalty to the global community should not be to the detriment of local ties. Among other things, it is argued that such could result in detachment from core norms and values and the weakening of local ties which are necessary for sustainable development at the local levels. The study acknowledges the impossibility of reverting Africa to a pre-globalised period and concludes with some suggestions for developing, encouraging and sustaining loyalty in the continent.KEYWORDS: Africa, Development, Globalisation, Loyalty, Philosophy.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPLICIT CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK THROUGH RECORDINGS TOWARDS EFL STUDENTS IN LISTENING AND SPEAKING ENGLISH CLASS: CASE STUDY
Authors: Shinta Dona Kumala , Suganda Sonya Puspasari
Published: February 2022

Corrective feedbacks are necessary to facilitate speaking skills but are rarely used by teachers asynchronously. This research explores the implementation of implicit corrective feedback through recordings in an English Listening and Speaking class of first-year university students. The research employed a case study method. An English teacher and 23 English students acted as the informants in this study. Questionaries, interviews and the teacher’s implementation of corrective feedback were analysed. This study aimed to reveal the implementation of implicit corrective feedback through recordings by Screencast-O-Matic, how the student and teacher perceived implicit corrective feedback through recordings, and what implications the teacher and student experience. Implicit corrective feedback through recordings were given to highlight student's mistakes in their recorded monologues. The result of the study revealed the pattern of the implicit corrective feedback implementation through recordings carried out by the teacher. The perceptions from the students and the teacher on the practice were considered positive. Implicit corrective feedback through recordings improved the EFL student's speaking accuracy awareness and motivation for self-direct learning. Meanwhile, the teacher gained benefits from delivering personal feedbacks and managing time. In addition, some technical difficulties occurred though it was not a big issue.KEYWORDS: corrective feedback, EFL, speaking skills
THE DECLINE OF MARITIME CULTURE IN WADURI AND WAKALINGKUMA 1960-1990
Authors: Khair Fathul Karimul , Zuhdi Susanto
Published: February 2022

This article attempts to describe the maritime-based culture on social interactions in Waduri and Wakalingkuma Village, Kaledupa District, Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, in 1960-1990. People of these villages used to be sailor communities who used bhangka and soppe boats for their sailing activities. The boats were created by both villagers themselves. In every boat making process, they were always involved an elder as a leader on certain rituals that needed. Boats making process in both villages shows typical communalism in their social interaction which is appeared in pohamba-hamba system and in nabu’a nu bhangka process as the boats had been finished. These social-cultural pattern slowly disappeared along with the decline of traditional-based sailing activities in the mid-1980s. This article contained a description of how the community responds these changes by switching to farmer activities or deciding to leave their island to find a living in another land. Based on an oral sources that is supported by relevant literature sources, this research found that changes in production schemes that depended on traditional-based sailing had a direct impact on maritime-based culture pattern on social interactions that once existed in both villages.KEYWORDS: Maritime culture, Waduri, Wakalingkuma, Bhangka, Soppe
COMPUTATIONAL PROPAGANDA ON TikTok AS THE 21st CENTURY PROPAGANDA MODEL
Authors: Rahmawati Nurul Aulia , Hadinata Fristian
Published: February 2022

Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman wrote an institutional analysis called Propaganda Model that explains the role of mass media in spreading symbols and messages to the general populace under class and power interests requiring systemic propaganda that needs consideration of 5 filters: (1) ownership, (2) advertising, (3) dependence, (4) flak, and anti-communism. Until the emerging of the internet led us to social media features that allow the users to interact socially and artificially. Social media formats are also increasingly diverse and innovative, such as TikTok which was originally released as a music video content platform, and now it’s a place for promotion, information, suggestion, and opinion encouragement content. TikTok content is easily spread across social media because of the ease of download, upload, and access. This study will elaborate on the ease and massiveness of TikTok’s access to the Propaganda Model’s filters to see the current propaganda system mobilization as computational propaganda. The characteristics of computational propaganda are: (1) automation, (2) scalability, (3) anonymity. As a system that makes the public vulnerable to get in the involvement, it’s necessary to form an attitude to deal with it. Therefore, this study offers Noam Chomsky’s idea regarding Intellectual Responsibility as the final contemplation.KEYWORDS: TikTok, computational propaganda, Propaganda Model, intellectual Responsibility.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals potential mechanisms for high tolerance to submergence in arbor willows
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Yang Jie , Guo Hongyi , Du Yawen , Liu Guoyuan , Yu Chunmei , Zhong Fei , Lian Bolin , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2022

Background

Submergence threatens plant growth and survival by decreasing or eliminating oxygen supply. Uncovering the complex regulatory network underlying the tolerance of Salix to submergence and identifying the key regulators are important for molecular-assisted breeding of Salix.

Methods

In this study, we screened germplasm resources of arbor willows and discovered both submergence-tolerant and submergence-sensitive varieties. Then, by performing RNA-seq, we compared the differences between the transcriptomes of two varieties, i.e., the submergence-tolerant variety “Suliu 795” and the submergence-sensitive variety “Yanliu No. 1,” and the different submergence treatment time points to identify the potential mechanisms of submergence in Salix and the unique approaches by which the variety “Suliu 795” possessed a higher tolerance compared to “Yanliu No. 1”.

Results

A total of 22,790 differentially expressed genes were identified from 25 comparisons. Using gene ontology annotation and pathway enrichment analysis, the expression pattern of transcriptional factors, important players in hormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism, and the anaerobic respiration pathway were found to differ significantly between the two varieties. The principal component analysis and qRT-PCR results verified the reliability of the RNA sequencing data. The results of further analysis indicated that “Suliu 795” had higher submergence tolerant activity than “Yanliu No. 1” because of three characteristics: (1) high sensitivity to the probable low oxygen stress and initiation of appropriate responding mechanisms in advance; (2) maintenance of energy homeostasis to prevent energy depletion under hypoxic stress; and (3) keep “quiescence” through fine-tuning the equilibrium between phytohormones GA, SA and ethylene.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and performance in the seedlings of Leymus chinensis under alkali and drought stresses
Authors: Wang Yingnan , Lin Jixiang , Yang Fan , Tao Shuang , Yan Xiufeng , Zhou Zhiqiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: February 2022

Alkali and drought stresses are increasing severe environmental problems throughout the world, especially in the Songnen grassland of northern China. Leymus chinensis is the dominant grass species in the Songnen grassland of northern China and the most promising species for grassland restoration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can colonize 80% of vascular plants, which can enhance the growth of host plants and provide extrinsic protection against abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the interaction effect of alkali and drought stresses on plant-AM symbionts. Here, seedlings of Leymus chinensis inoculated with or without mycorrhizae were cultivated in soil with 0, 100 or 200 mM NaHCO3 under 0, 5 or 10% (w/v) PEG treatment, and the changes in growth, osmotic adjustment substances and ions were measured. The results showed that the interaction of alkali and drought stresses caused greater seedling growth inhibition than either single alkali or drought stress due to ion toxicity and oxidative damage. Mycorrhizae could alleviate the growth inhibition of seedlings under alkali or drought stress. The interaction of alkali and drought stresses did not affect the alleviating effect of mycorrhizae on seedling growth but improved the osmotic regulation ability and ionic balance of the seedlings. Our results clearly show different effects of the interaction of alkali and drought stresses versus a single stress (alkali or drought) on plant development and provide new insights into the positive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on host plants under such stress conditions.
ЗВЕЗДНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ ВО ВСЕЛЕННОЙ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Малков О.Ю. , Ковалева Д.А. , Поляченко Е.В. , Хоперсков С.А.
Published: February 2022

Отдел физики звездных систем – одно из подразделений Института астрономии РАН. Отдел насчитывает 18 сотрудников и занимается следующими научными проблемами: исследование строения, кинематики и динамической эволюции галактик; изучение проблемы спиральной структуры галактик; развитие теории устойчивости гравитирующих систем; исследование гидродинамических неустойчивостей в астрофизике; изучение звездного состава и структуры звездных скоплений; изучение происхождения и эволюции населения рассеянных скоплений в Галактике; изучение кинематики и пространственной структуры звездных групп; развитие методов параметризации звезд; изучение межзвездного поглощения в Галактике; изучение двойных и кратных звездных систем; создание, поддержка и развитие астрономических каталогов и баз данных; создание Российской виртуальной обсерватории и ее интеграция в Международную виртуальную обсерваторию. В данной статье мы опишем современное состояние дел в области исследования различных звездных систем: от двойных звезд до гигантских звездных систем – галактик. В частности, мы обращаем внимание читателя на нерешенные вопросы и загадки в этой области современной астрономии.
Soluble forms of cytokine and growth factor receptors: mechanisms of generation and modes of action in the regulation of local and systemic inflammation
Authors: Kefaloyianni Eirini
Published: February 2022

Cytokine and growth factor receptors are usually transmembrane proteins, but they can also exist in soluble forms, either through cleavage and release of their ligand‐binding extracellular domain or through the secretion of a soluble isoform. As an extension of this concept, transmembrane receptors on exosomes released into the circulation may act similarly to circulating soluble receptors. These soluble receptors add to the complexity of cytokine and growth factor signalling: they can function as decoy receptor that compete for ligand binding with their respective membrane‐bound forms thereby attenuating signalling, or stabilize their ligands, or activate additional signalling events through interactions with other cell‐surface proteins. Their soluble nature allows for a functional role away from the production sites, in remote cell types and organs. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that soluble receptors participate in the regulation and orchestration of various key cellular processes, particularly inflammatory responses. In this review, we will discuss release mechanisms of soluble cytokine and growth factor receptors, their mechanisms of action and strategies for targeting their pathways in disease.
In Situ Customized Illusion Enabled by Global Metasurface Reconstruction
Authors: Jia Yuetian , Qian Chao , Fan Zhixiang , Ding Yinzhang , Wang Zhedong , Wang Dengpan , Li Er‐Ping , Zheng Bin , Cai Tong , Chen Hongsheng
Published: February 2022

Optical illusion has always attracted extensive attention, as it provides a superior self‐protection ability for both natural animals and human beings. A decade ago, this motivated the study and application of transformation optics, which provides a universal tool to manipulate light for invisibility cloaking and optical illusion. However, mainstream transformation‐optics‐based optical illusions are inherently hindered by the extreme requirements of metamaterial compositions in practice and unfavorably limited by the very large computational cost caused by their bulky state. To overcome these grand challenges, a novel and intelligent optical illusion supported by form‐free metasurfaces via a deep learning architecture is reported, which can not only render a similar illusion effect but also greatly reduces the parameter space in physics. Illustrative examples of conformal metasurfaces are presented, with a high‐fidelity inverse design from either the near‐ or far‐field in the simulation and experiment. Furthermore, a full set of intelligent systems is developed to benchmark the real‐world optical illusion applicability. The work brings the available illusion strategies closer to a wide range of in situ practical‐oriented applications and lays a foundation for the next generation of intelligent metamaterials.
Nanoporous Kevlar Aerogel Confined Phase Change Fluids Enable Super‐Flexible Thermal Diodes
Authors: Lyu Jing , Sheng Zhizhi , Xu Yingying , Liu Chenming , Zhang Xuetong
Published: February 2022

Aerogels have demonstrated tremendous potentials for various applications, including thermal insulation, environmental protection, and separation. However, aerogels as porous frameworks to host functional liquids (such as phase change fluids, PCFs) is a more promising application, attributing to their large specific surface area, high porosity, and strong capillary force. Herein, the original aramid nanofiber (OANF, i.e., Kevlar) aerogel film and the densified ANF (DANF) aerogel film are fabricated and thereafter applied to confine phase change fluids, poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) solution and molten eicosane (C20), respectively, to make super‐flexible OANF‐PNIPAM and DANF‐C20 films accordingly. These two films exhibit reversely temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity with close phase change temperature to each other. Therefore, flexible thermal diodes operating with terminals of OANF‐PNIPAM film and DANF‐C20 film are proposed and fabricated, showing excellent flexibility (420 µm in curvature radius) and robustness (≥7.2 MPa in tensile strength) as well as the maximum thermal rectification ratio of 2.0. This work paves a way for expanding the applications of Kevlar aerogel confined phase change fluids, as well as provides a promising strategy for designing more practical thermal diodes and thermal devices.
Negative Capacitance from the Inhomogenous Stray Field in a Ferroelectric–Dielectric Structure
Authors: Park Hyeon Woo , Oh Minsik , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: February 2022

The phenomenological Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire model provides a fundamental background for an understanding of the peculiar charge–voltage behavior of ferroelectric (FE) materials. However, the model cannot explain the polarization behavior of multidomain FE materials. The experimentally observed negative capacitance (NC) effect, which is interpreted as an emergence of the Landau barrier effect, involves particular conceptual difficulty. This work provides a new conceptual framework to explain the quasi‐static NC effect based on the energy formula for a stacked dielectric/ferroelectric (DE/FE) layer structure with the multidomain configuration with arbitrary shape. The presence of such domain configuration causes the energy–displacement curve of the inhomogenous Helmholtz energy term to have negative curvature. This is caused by the stray field between the neighboring domains. The model can be further extended to the DE/FE system with polycrystalline FE grains using the advanced phase‐field analysis. It is determined that the NC effect from the stray field is a universal phenomenon. These models provide quantitative explanations for the previously reported short‐pulse measurement results for various DE/FE material systems, which have lacked accurate interpretations.
A Perfect Pair: Stabilized Black Phosphorous Nanosheets Engineering with Antimicrobial Peptides for Robust Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Eradication
Authors: Fu Jintao , Liu Ting , Feng Xiaoqian , Zhou Yixian , Chen Minglong , Wang Wenhao , Zhao Yiting , Lu Chao , Quan Guilan , Cai Jianfeng , Pan Xin , Wu Chuanbin
Published: February 2022

Black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets emerged as promising 2D nanomaterial that have been applied to eradicate antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. However, their applications are limited by intrinsic ambient instability. Here, the ε‐poly‐l‐lysine (ε‐PL)‐engineered BP nanosheets are constructed via simple electrostatic interaction to cater the demand for passivating BP with amplified antibacterial activity. The dual drug‐delivery complex named BP@ε‐PL can closely anchor onto the surface of bacteria, leading to membrane disintegration. Subsequently, in situ hyperthermia generated by BP under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation can precisely eradicate pathogenic bacteria. In vitro antibacterial studies verify the rapid disinfection ability of BP@ε‐PL against Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within 15 min. Moreover, ε‐PL can serve as an effective protector to avoid chemical degradation of bare BP. The in vivo antibacterial study shows that a 99.4% antibacterial rate in a MRSA skin infection model is achieved, which is accompanied by negligible toxicity. In conclusion, this work not merely provides a new conjecture for protecting the BP, but also opens a novel window for synergistic antibiotic‐resistant bacteria therapy based on antimicrobial peptides and 2D photothermal nanomaterial.
Accelerated Discovery of CH4 Uptake Capacity Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Taw Eric , Neaton Jeffrey B.
Published: February 2022

High‐throughput computational studies for discovery of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for separations and storage applications are often limited by the costs of computing thermodynamic quantities. Recent such studies at the time of writing may use ab initio results for a narrow selection of MOFs or empirical force‐field methods for larger selections. Here, a proof‐of‐concept study is conducted using Bayesian optimization on CH4 uptake capacity of hypothetical MOFs for an existing dataset (Wilmer et al., Nature Chem. 2012, 4, 83). It is shown that less than 0.1% of the database needs to be screened with the Bayesian optimization approach to recover the top candidate MOFs. This opens the possibility for efficient screening of MOF databases using accurate ab initio calculations for future adsorption studies on a minimal subset of MOFs. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization and the surrogate model presented here can offer interpretable material design insights and the framework will be applicable in the context of other target properties.
Interfacial AIE for Orthogonal Integration of Holographic and Fluorescent Dual‐Thermosensitive Images
Authors: Zhao Ye , Peng Haiyan , Zhou Xingping , Li Zhong'an , Xie Xiaolin
Published: February 2022

Orthogonal integration of thermosensitive images is of vital significance for advanced anticounterfeiting, which however remains formidably challenging due to the trade‐off that facile thermoresponse needs easy molecular motion while robust imaging requires molecular restriction. Herein, a viable approach is demonstrated to tackle the challenge by in situ fixing a predesigned aggregation induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) at the polymer/liquid crystal (LC) interface via precisely controlled interfacial engineering, in which the AIEgen is enriched in LC phases during polymerization induced phase separation and subsequently driven to the interface by the interfacial thiol‐ene click reaction. Crosstalk‐free integration of holographic and fluorescent dual‐thermosensitive images with high sensitivity, high contrast ratio, and robust performance is successfully realized in a single unit, attributed to the simultaneously LC‐facilitated AIEgen molecular motion and polymer‐restricted AIEgen diffusion at the interface. The exciting characteristics of these orthogonally integrated dual images will enable them to prevent illegal replication and thus are expected to be promising for high‐security‐level anticounterfeiting applications.
A High‐Performance Schottky Photodiode with Asymmetric Metal Contacts Constructed on 2D Bi2O2Se
Authors: Han Jianfu , Fang Chaocheng , Yu Ming , Cao Juexian , Huang Kai
Published: February 2022

Two‐dimensional Bi2O2Se is a newly developed 2D semiconductor material with air stability, moderate bandgap (0.8 eV), and high carrier mobility, which shows a bright prospect in optoelectronics. However, the reported photodetectors based on 2D Bi2O2Se suffer from the disadvantage of high dark current on account of the high carrier mobility and conductivity. Here, a Schottky photodiode based on 2D Bi2O2Se is constructed by employing an asymmetric electrodes technology. Due to the Schottky barrier, the dark current of the device is significantly suppressed. And the photodetector avoids the complex and precise preparation process of traditional heterojunction devices. The photodetector shows a broadband response from 450 to 1400 nm (Visible‐NIR), and the responsivity and detectivity reach 1.2 A W−1 and 7 × 1011 Jones under the irradiation of 500 nm light (6.4 mW cm−2), respectively. Moreover, the device achieved On/Off ratios of more than three orders of magnitude and fast response at zero bias (117 ms for rise time and 58.5 ms for fall time). What's more, the responsivity reaches 193 A W−1, and the external quantum efficiency exceeds 47 899% with external bias (−0.5 V). These results indicate the unlimited potential of 2D Bi2O2Se in highly sensitive, broadband, and low‐power optoelectronics devices.
Polyurethane‐basedcomposites with promising antibacterial properties
Authors: Kasi Gopinath , Gnanasekar Sathishkumar , Zhang Kai , Kang En Tang , Xu Li Qun
Published: February 2022

Polyurethane (PU) is a well‐known synthetic polymer consisting of isocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders. The incorporation of fillers into the PU polymeric matrix, including inorganic nanomaterials, synthetic polymers, natural components, quaternary ammonium salts, and commercial drugs, bestows the end‐products with unique and improved physicochemical properties. Fillers can be used to tailor the molecular orientation, crystallinity, cross‐linking, and functional chemical groups of PU‐based composites. The bactericidal ability of PU composites highly depends on their surface composition, morphology, charge, and stability. Recent advancements highlight the potential of PU composites in combating bacterial infections. In this review, the cutting‐edge of inorganic and organic‐based PU composites for antibacterial applications is addressed. Notably, selective examples of scientific reports' key findings and their crucial information on PU composites are discussed. Furthermore, the positive impact of PU composites on the future prospects of this field is explored. This review comprehensively deliberates the values of PU composites towards practical applications in the biomedical field of antibacterial activity. This review can help researchers to gain widespread knowledge and a better understanding of PU composites for antibacterial applications.
A sustainable approach to the development of highly degradable packaging films of pectin/guar gum/polyvinyl pyrrolidone: Thermal, biodegradation, and mechanical studies with statistical optimization
Authors: Lal Sohan , Kumar Vinod , Jagdeva Geetanjali , Arora Sanjiv , Kumar Parvin , Gulati Kapil , Singh Omvir
Published: February 2022

The use of synthetic packaging materials and mulch films has retrogressive environmental effects. To replace these synthetic materials, high strength biodegradable polymer blends are synthesized using pectin, guar gum and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The ternary blends are prepared with guar gum (10%–50%) and PVP (30%–50%), using the solvent casting technique. The experimentation is carried out using a 5 × 3 factorial design and analyzed by response surface methodology. Analysis of variance test is applied to analyze the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation at break and their simultaneous optimization is done by the desirability index method. The maximum desirability index value (0.877) is achieved at a guar gum content of 50% and PVP content of 41.73%. At this composition, the estimated value of UTS is 24.57 MPa and elongation at break is 27.29%. The thermal stability of the blends is almost similar and they are stable up to 170°C. Initial biodegradation (upto 30 days) of blends increases by 54.82% for samples with higher PVP content and decreases by 43.60% with the increase in guar gum content. All the blends are degraded completely within 90 days. The high tensile properties, sustained thermal stability and complete biodegradation of blends enable these for applications like packaging and agriculture mulch films.
Independent origins of a novel atympanic middle ear system within Chamaeleonidae
Authors: Olroyd Savannah L.
Published: February 2022

The evolution of the vertebrate ear is a complicated story of convergence, co‐option, loss of function, and occasional regaining of said function. An incredible variety of structures has been adopted as sound receptors, but only chameleons are known to have a bony airborne sound receiver. In some chameleons, the pterygoid bone captures sound vibrations and relays them to the inner ear via a connection to the extracolumella. The distribution of this unique hearing system has not been examined across Chamaeleonidae. Here, I report on dissections on 12 species across four genera and describe their middle ear anatomy for the first time. Half of these species were found to have a link between their extracolumella and pterygoid, and ancestral state reconstruction supports four independent acquisitions of this novel sound‐conduction pathway. Species with this pathway tend to have a gular pouch, which seems to produce biotremors and possibly airborne sound, suggesting that this hearing system plays some role in intraspecific communication. Three species were also μ‐CT scanned using enhanced contrast to investigate differences in the musculature surrounding the middle ear cavity. In species with a middle ear connected to the pterygoid, the muscles directly lateral to the pterygoid insert farther anterior onto the mandible, which may serve to minimize dampening of vibrations on the pterygoid. Together, these data suggest that the ear plays a more significant role in the lives of some chameleons than has been recognized, and that parallelism is common in the evolution of the ear.
Evaluation of video self‐modeling to teach firearm safety skills
Authors: Miltenberger Raymond , Novotny Marissa A. , Maxfield Trevor , Baruni Rasha
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of video self‐modeling (VSM) for teaching gun safety skills to five children with developmental disabilities. In situ assessments were conducted across all phases. Following baseline, participants were filmed engaging in the safety skills and then viewed the video of their performance. If a participant did not engage in the safety skills following VSM, they participated in in situ training (IST). The results showed that one participant engaged in the safety skills after participating in filming, three participants engaged in the skills after viewing the self‐modeling video, and one participant engaged in the skills following IST. The results are consistent with research showing the effectiveness of VSM for teaching other skills to children with disabilities.
Medication non‐adherence as a cause of apixaban failure in venous thromboembolism: The importance of pharmacist medication reconciliation
Authors: Jethwa Trisha E , Moran Kaitlin M , Maniaci Michael J
Published: February 2022

Venous thromboembolism is often treated with direct oral anticoagulants. In order for direct oral anticoagulants to be effective, patients must adhere to a specific dosing strategy. We report a case of apixaban failure, the clinical workup that ensued, and the eventual discovery of unsuccessful medication adherence as the cause.
Microstructural and mechanical properties of geopolymers based on brick scrap and fly ash
Authors: Kugler Felix , Fehn Thomas , Sandner Maximilian , Krcmar Wolfgang , Teipel Ulrich
Published: February 2022

In the present work, the influence of increasing brick scrap additions on the setting behavior and material properties of fly ash‐based geopolymers is investigated. The geopolymers produced are tested for their compressive strengths, bulk densities, and thermal conductivities, among other properties. Both the starting materials and the produced geopolymers are also investigated by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy to show the relationship between the solidification behavior and the resulting material properties. The investigations show that brick scrap is very suitable as a matrix material for geopolymer production. Increasing brick scrap additions lead, among other things, to a reduction in bulk density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: Rübberdt Kathrin
Published: February 2022

Interview
Mischer und Extruder für Batteriechemie
Authors: Lorenzoni Anselm
Published: February 2022

Coperion bietet effiziente Lösungen rund um die kontinuierliche Herstellung von Batteriematerialien an. Die Lösungen umfassen den gesamten Herstellungsprozess – vom Containment‐sicheren Schüttguthandling über die staubdichte und hochgenaue Dosierung bis hin zur Extrusion von Batteriemassen, oder der Herstellung von Batterie‐Separatorfolien und Festkörperelektrolyt für Festkörperbatterien. Mit der kontinuierlichen Extrusion kann der Herstellungsprozess optimiert werden: Der Coperion ZSK‐Doppelschneckenextruder bietet zusammen mit hochpräzise arbeitenden Coperion K‐Tron Dosierern eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit, lange Betriebszeiten sowie zahlreiche Eigenschaften zur Sicherung einer hohen und reproduzierbaren Endproduktqualität. Mit der kontinuierlichen Produktion lassen sich zudem eine größere Materialeffizienz sowie eine kosteneffizientere und klimafreundlichere Batteriezellenproduktion im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Batch‐Verfahren erreichen. Gemeinsam mit namhaften Partnern aus Industrie und Forschung itet Coperion daran, die Zukunft der e‐Mobilität zu gestalten.
Prozesse mit explosiven Medien sicher steuern
Authors: Bennek Werner
Published: February 2022

Albemarle Germany stellt verschiedene Chemieprodukte her, darunter auch Lithiumsalze für die Batterieproduktion und metallorganische Stoffe für den Einsatz in der Pharma‐ oder der Chemieindustrie. Hier wird zum Teil mit explosionsgefährlichen Medien gearbeitet, für die die Anlagen ATEX‐gerecht ausgestattet sein müssen. Dafür bietet Bürkert Fluid Control Pneumatiksysteme an, mit denen saubere und trockenen Druckluft selbst in platzkritischen gesteuert werden kann.
Smart zum Elektroden‐Slurry
Authors: Gerl Stefan
Published: February 2022

UKBIC hat Mitte des Jahres 2021 eine einzigartige Forschungsfabrik für die großtechnische Herstellung von Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien offiziell in Betrieb genommen. Ein Expertenteam hatte im Vorfeld für alle Prozessschritte die technologisch erfolgversprechendste Ausstattung ausgewählt. Für die Herstellung der Elektrodenmischungen fiel die Wahl auf eine Turnkey‐Lösung von Eirich. Die Spezialisten für Mischtechnologie aus Hardheim holten sich AZO als Anbieter für die Mischerbeschickung ins Boot. Die Bilanz heute? Durchweg positiv. In rund 20 Minuten pro Charge werden exzellente Elektrodenmischungen für Anode und Kathode hergestellt. Sie weisen besonders hohe Feststoffkonzentrationen auf. Davon profitieren der Output der Beschichtungsanlage, Energieverbrauch und CO2‐Footprint.
Den passenden Filter finden
Authors: Krause Peter
Published: February 2022

Welchen Filtertyp setze ich ein? Wie muss das dazu passende Filtergehäuse ausgelegt und dimensioniert sein? Was ist die wirtschaftlichste Lösung und erfüllt sie langfristig die geforderten Qualitätsansprüche? Das sind die ersten Fragen, die sich Anlagenbauer und Endanwender bei der Planung neuer Filtrationsanlagen oder der Erweiterung bestehender Anlagen stellen und die der Filterhersteller Wolftechnik beantworten kann.
Hitzeschutz mit eingebautem Thermostat
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: February 2022

Direkte Sonneneinstrahlung kann die Blätter einer Pflanze kurzfristig stark erwärmen. Manche Proteine vertragen einen solchen Hitzeschock nicht und verlieren ihre Funktionsfähigkeit. Damit die überlebenswichtige Photosynthese auch unter diesen Bedingungen aufrechterhalten werden kann, schützen Pflanzen die Enzyme, die für die Synthese des Pigments Chlorophyll benötigt werden.
Arthropods on imported plant products: Volumes predict general trends while contextual details enhance predictive power
Authors: Saccaggi Davina L. , Wilson John R. U. , Robinson Andrew P. , Terblanche John S.
Published: February 2022

Agricultural biosecurity interventions are aimed at minimizing introductions of harmful non‐native organisms to new areas via agricultural trade. To prioritize such interventions, historical data on interceptions have been used to elucidate which factors determine the likelihood that a particular import is carrying a harmful organism. Here we use an interception data set of arthropod contaminants recorded on plant imports arriving in South Africa from 2005 to 2019, comprising 13,566 samples inspected for arthropod contaminants, of which 4902 were positive for the presence of at least one arthropod. We tested 29 predictor variables that have previously been used to explain variation in rates of detection and three variables describing possible sources of additional variation and grouped these into six mutually exclusive “factor classes.” We used boosted regression trees as a non‐parametric stochastic machine‐learning method to build models for each factor class and interactions between them. We explored the influence of these variables with data split either randomly or chronologically. While we identified some specific patterns that could be explained post‐hoc by historical events, only inspected volumes were reliably correlated with detection of arthropod contaminants across the whole data set. However, inspected volumes could not predict future interceptions of arthropods, which instead relied on contextual factors such as country, crop or year of import. This suggests that, although certain factors may be important in certain circumstances or for particular crops or commodities, there is little general predictive power in the current data. Instead, an idiographic approach would be most beneficial in biosecurity to ascertain the details of why a particular pest arrived on a particular pathway and how it might move (and be stopped) in future.