bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kontroversi Kesaksian Perempuan : Mengurai Tafsir Kesaksian Perempuan dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Naqiyah Naqiyah
Published: May 2018

Terdapat kontroversi tentang kesaksian perempuan dalam hal nilai kesaksian, cakupan kesaksian, dan hukum mempersaksikannya. Sementara, disimpulkan bahwa jika teks diinterpretasikan secara tekstual, maka nilai kesaksian perempuan adalah separuh kesaksian laki-laki, dan hal ini hanya mencakup hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan harta benda. Adapun hukum mempersaksikannya hanya sebagai anjuran. Akan tetapi, jika teks diinterpretasikan secara kontekstual, maka nilai kesaksian perempuan sama dengan kesaksian laki-laki. Dalam tulisan ini saya berargumen bahwa kesaksian perempuan menurut al-Qurâ€™an sama dengan kesaksian laki-laki, baik ditafsirkan secara tekstual maupun secara kontekstual,baik dalam hal yang berkaitan dengan harta benda maupun yang berhubungan dengan masalah Ä¥udÅ«d. Adapun mengenai hukum mempersaksikannya, secara umum dalam al-Qurâ€™an digunakan kata berbentuk â€˜amr sehingga dapat dipahami sebagai perintah.There are some controversies concerning woman witnesses in terms of their testimony, the scope of the subjects, and the legal status of testimony.Â  It is tentatively concluded that if texts are normatively interpreted textually, then, the testimony of a woman is valued only one half of that of a man, and this is only for the matters concerning with goods, while the law on the subjects of these matters is only recommendation.Â  However, if normative texts are interpreted contextually, then, the testimony of a woman has an equal value with that of a man.Â  In this study, I argue that the testimony of a woman according to the texts of Holly Qurâ€™an equals to the testimony of a man, no matter the texts are interpreted textually or contextually in both subjects concerning with goods and with hudÅ«d.Â  Regarding the legal status of testimony, in the Qurâ€™anic texts generally the word amr is used, so this can be considered as compulsary.
Urgensi Nilai-nilai Religius dalam Pembaharuan Konsep Penanggulangan Pelacuran
Authors: Ismayawati Any
Published: May 2018

Pelacuran merupakan gejala sosial yang sangat memprihatinkan. Di Indonesia pelacuran berkembang mengikuti perkembangan kehidupan masyarakat itu sendiri. Hal tersebut merupakan suatu ironi di negara Indonesia yang religius, yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai agama.Pada saat ini belum ada payung hukum (undang-undang) yang melarang pelacuran. Penanggulangan pelacuran menjadi semakin sulit dengan pola pikir aparat penegak hukum Indonesia yang berdasar pada paham legalistik formal dan paham positivistik. Akibatnya pelacuran dibiarkan tumbuh, bahkan di beberapa daerah pelacuran diberi tempat tertentu atau dilokalisir. Dianutnya paham tersebut juga mengakibatkan hukum tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk merespon perkembangan masyarakat, termasuk kemajuan IPTEK.Hukum merupakan refleksi dari nilai-nilai moral yang ada di dalam masyarakat. Nilai-nilai religius lebih diyakini kebenarannya oleh masyarakat dan lebih mengikat masyarakat untuk ditaati. Oleh sebab itu seharusnya hukum dibangun berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai religius dalam masyarakat.Konsep penanggulangan pelacuran perlu diperbaharui karena selama ini penanggulangan pelacuran hanya menitikberatkan pada upaya menciptakan ketertiban umum, bukan pada pelarangan inti perbuatan pelacuran (zina). Pelacuran bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai hukum yang hidup dan nilai moral bangsa Indonesia, sedangkan peraturan yang digunakan untuk menanggulangi pelacuran tidak berdasar pada nilai-nilai hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat Indonesia.Bentuk aplikasi dari nilai-nilai religius dalam pembaharuan konsep penanggulangn pelacuran adalah dengan menjadikan nilai-nilai religius sebagai dasar dalam menjadikan pelacuran sebagi suatu tindak pidana/delik. Dalam nilai-nilai religius terkandung asas keseimbangan, oleh sebab itu dalam memfomulasikan tiga masalah pokok dalam hukum pidana, yaitu mengenai perbuatan yang dilarang, pertanggungjawaban pidana dan pidana harus mencerminkan asas keseimbangan, antara kepentingan individu dan masyarakat dengan kepentingan bangsa dan negara.
Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Islam: Telaah terhadap Pemikiran Masyood A. Baderin
Authors: Rojak Jeje Abdul
Published: May 2018

Problem terberat yang dihadapi sepanjang perjalanan umatÂ  manusia adalah menghormati posisi manusia sebagai makhluk yang amat mulia. Perlindungan terhadap kemuliaan manusia secara normatif disepakati dalam wujud Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia (DUHAM) yang dideklarasikan pada tanggal 10 Desember 1948 oleh Perserikatan Bangsa â€“ Bangsa. Pro dan kontra dalam mengimplementasikan Hak Asasi Manusia di kalangan kaum muslimin masih terjadi sampai saat ini. Perdebatan itu bermula dari keyakinan umat Islam bahwa ajaran Islam merupakan tuntunan hidup yang teramat sempurna dalam menjaga kehormatan manusia, sedang HAM sebagai kesepakatan manusia modern akibat dari perjalanan panjang penindasan manusia di dunia Barat. Penyandingan nilai Islam dan HAM dalam konteks implementasi norma syariâ€™at agar terjalin secara harmoni ternyata membutuhkan perhatian khusus, dari sekian banyak tokoh, Baderin mencoba untuk memulai pendialogan konsep HAM dan syariâ€™at Islam tersebut.
Transformasi Filsafat dalam Penerapan Syariat Islam (Analisis Kritis terhadap Penerapan Syariat Islam di Aceh)
Authors: Fahmi Chairul
Published: May 2018

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep penerapan syariâ€™at Islam di Aceh, di mana pada umumnya lebih banyak ditonjolkan simbolik dari pada subtansi. Sementara, tujuan utama dari penerapan syariâ€™at Islam sering tidak teraktualisasikan. Khususnya ketika substansi tersebut dituangkan dalam ketentuan perundangan-undangan (qanun) tentang penerapan syariâ€™at Islam. Sehingga nilai hukum Islam dalam penerapannya menjadi sangat sempat. Lebih jauh, kepentingan politik diantara para pengambil kebijakan dalam membuat qanun tersebut juga sangat kompleks. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji suatu perspektif yang berbeda dalam proses pelaksanaan hukum Islam di Aceh. Sementara penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan metode kajian kepustakaan, di mana akan berfokus pada sumber-sumber yang membahas tentang hukum Islam dan sumber lainnya yang berkaitan dengan isu ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dibutuhkan banyak pendekatan untuk menerapkan nilai-nilai Islam seperti halnya mewujudkan tujuan dari filosofi syariâ€™at dibandingkan dengan penerapan syariâ€™at yang berperspektif fikih semata.
Syariat Islam: Polemik Panjang Hubungan Islam dan Negara di Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: May 2018

Fenomena syariâ€™at Islam sebagaimana topik dari studi ini pada dasarnya membahas persoalan hubungan antara Islam dan negara yang sampai saat ini oleh sebagian kalangan masih dianggap dilematis. Sejak berakhirnya kolonialisme di dunia muslim, sistem politik negara bangsa dipandang sebagai kebutuhan paling tepat dan mendasar yang dapat membentuk masyarakat ke dalam sebuah integrasi yang menyeluruh. Tidak terkecuali dengan Indonesia yang dianggap sebagai negara muslim terbesar pasca kolonial. Mengingat pula dalam masyarakat muslim Indonesia sendiri polarisasi begitu nyata yang sebagian besar dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan etnis/kesukuan dan mazhab. Sistem politik negara bangsa tersebut meniscayakan adanya sebuah pemisahan antara otoritas agama di satu sisi dan otoritas politik di sisi lain. Maka kemudian berkembang menjadi sebuah dilema dan sekaligus tantangan yang terus saja dialami oleh negara-negara berpenduduk mayoritas muslim seperti Indonesia. Sehingga berbagai upaya dilakukan oleh kalangan Islam politik dan khususnya gerakan Islam -yang memahami Islam secara integral sebagai agama dan politik- untuk meyatukan antara kedua otoritas ini.
Tipologi Pemberlakuan Hukum Perdata Islam di Nangroe Aceh Darussalam
Authors: M Sirajuddin
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini bermaksud mengkaji pemberlakuan hukum perdata Islam di Provinsi NAD yang sudah berjalan semenjak masa Kesultanan Aceh hingga masa kini. Pemberlakuan hukum perdata Islam itu memiliki landasan hukum yang lebih kuat pada masa reformasi yang didasarkan pada UU No. 44 Tahun 1999, UU No. 11 Tahun 2006 dan aturan hukum lainnya, sehingga hal itu dapat menjadi sebuah contoh yang baik bagi pemberlakuan hukum perdata Islam di wilayah lainnya. Sebab, pemberlakuan hukumnya telah mendukung terhadap pengembangan hubungan simbiotik antara hukum perdata Islam dan negara, sehingga penelitian ini dapat membantah gagasan Abdurrahman Wahid dan Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naâ€™im yang menolak hubungan formal antara urusan agama dan negara.
Dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Mengenai Pasal 43 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 terhadap Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia
Authors: Mustofa Imam
Published: May 2018

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Jumat 17 Februari 2012 terkait dengan anak luar nikah yang disebutakan dalam pasal 43 ayat (1) UU No 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan menyebutkan bahwa "anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya serta dengan laki-laki sebagai ayahnya yang dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau alat bukti lain menurut hukum mempunyai hubungan darah, termasuk hubungan perdata dengan keluarga ayahnya". Perubahan pasal ini harus difahami secara obyektif dan bijak agar membawa maslahat bagi umat dan bukan sebaliknya. Melalui perubahan ini MK berupaya  untuk menuangkan hasil ijtihadnya agar anak-anak yang lahir di luar nikah tetap memiliki hak dan kedudukan yang sama dengan anak-anak lain dan agar tidak terjadi perlakuan diskriminatif terhadap anak-anak tak berdosa ini.
Penerapan Prinsip Tadrij dalam Proses Regulasi Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Janwari Yadi
Published: May 2018

Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia telah mengalami perkembangan secara signifikan, terutama dalam aspek regulasinya. Regulasi tentang perbankan Syariah dimulai dengan UU Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 yang menyebut bank Syariah sebagai "bank dengan prinsip bagi hasil", UU Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 dengan menyebut "bank dengan prinsip Syariah", dan UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 yang menyebut "Bank Syariah". Pada regulasi yang pertama belum dinyatakan sebagai bank Syariah, tetapi hanya disebutkan sebagai bank dengan prinsip bagi hasil. Penyebutan bank Syariah baru muncul pada regulasi yang terakhir, yakni dalam UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2008. Proses regulasi perbankan Syariah tersebut mengindikasikan adanya penerapan prinsip tadrÃ®j. Penerapan prinsip tadrÃ®j ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap. Pertama, tahap pengenalan bank Syariah, yakni dengan memperkenalkan bank Syariah sebagai "bank dengan prinsip bagi hasil" sebagaimana tercermin dalam UU Nomor 7 Tahun 1992. Kedua, tahap penguatan, yakni penegasan bahwa bank yang akan diimplementasikan itu adalah "bank Syariah" sebagaimana tercermin dalam UU Nomor 10 Tahun 1998. Ketiga, tahap justifikasi, yakni keputusan atau pembenaran terhadap eksistensi bank Syariah sebagaimana tercermin dalam UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2008.
Aplikasi Teori Geodesi dalam Perhitungan Arah Kiblat: Studi untuk Kota Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, Cilacap, Kebumen
Authors: Marwadi Marwadi
Published: May 2018

Para ulama sepakat bahwa menghadap kiblat menjadi syarat sahnya salat, tetapi mereka tidak sepakat bahwa  orang yang salat wajib menghadap ke bangunan Kaâ€™bah atau ke arah Kaâ€™bah. Untuk kesempurnaan ibadah, diperlukan usaha mencari arah kiblat yang tepat. Teori yang biasa digunakan untuk menghitung arah kiblat adalah teori ilmu ukur segitiga bola (spherical trigonometry). Sekarang, teori geodesi dengan rumus vincenty menjadi teori yang lebih akurat digunakan untuk menghitung arah kiblat daripada teori spherical trigonometry. Tulisan ini berusaha menggambarkan penggunaan teori geodesi dalam perhitungan arah kiblat untuk kota Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, Cilacap dan Kebumen. Teori geodesi menghasilkan arah kiblat untuk kota Banjarnegara 294Â°40â€™01.042â€, Purbalingga 294Â°44â€™11.376â€, Banyumas 294Â°45â€™25,582â€, Cilacap 294Â°54â€™21.568â€, dan Kebumen 294Â°44â€™16.752â€. Jika arah kiblat tersebut dibandingkan dengan arah kiblat yang selama ini dipedomani, maka terdapat selisih rata-rata 0Â°7â€™32.74â€. Dengan adanya hasil perhitungan yang mempunyai tingkat akurasi lebih tinggi, tentu akan menambah keyakinan dalam beribadah, walaupun arah kiblat yang selama ini menjadi pedoman juga masih dalam lingkup menghadap kiblat.
Menyantuni Sejarah dalam Ijtihad: Telaah Kritis Kaidah Al-'Ibrah bi 'Umum al-Lafzi La bi Khusus al-Sabab
Authors: Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: May 2018

Fokus kajian ini paling tidak akan membahas problem historical approach dalam kajian hukum Islam, yang mana penulis lihat dari perspektif kaidah usul fikih Al-'Ibrah bi 'Umum al-Lafzi La bi Khusus al-Sabab. Asumsinya, kaidah tersebut telah mendorong pemahaman keagamaan yang bersifat text oriented, sehingga pendekatan sejarah yang digagas oleh beberapa pemikir hukum Islam kontemporer belum juga menuai signifikansinya dalam kajian yang dilakukan. Bahkan pemberlakuan kaidah ini secara rigit akan menegasikan asbab al-nuzul dari kajian ilmu-ilmu al-Qur'an. Dalam kajian ini penulis menilai kaidah tersebut lebih dipahami sebagai dogma teologis dari pada sebagai langkah metodologis dalam kajian hukum Islam. Sehingga eksplorasi aspek historisitas wahyu menjadi terabaikan.
Membangun Epistemologi Fikih Medis melalui Kontekstualisasi Maqasid al-Syari'ah
Authors: Mustofa Imam
Published: May 2018

Perkembangan zaman dengan segala produknya membawa perubahan pada berbagai bidang. Perkembangan sains dan Penemuan teknologi telah berpengaruh pada dunia kedokteran. Hal ini tentunya membawa problem tersendiri bila dilihat dari perspektif fikih. Banyak tindakan medis atau jenis-jenis obat yang berkembang saat ini yang belum terjawab secara pasti mengenai status hukumnya dalam perspektif fikih. Tulisan ini bermaksud mengeksplorasi pentingnya membangun epistemologi ijtihad dalam bidang fikih kesehatan di era global saat ini. Fokus kajian dalam tulisan ini adalah kontekstualisasi maqasid  al-syari'ah yang dijadikan landasan, acuan, panduan, standar dan sekaligus batasan ijtihad dalam rangka menemukan jawaban problem hukum Islam dalam bidang kesehatan di era modern. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan dengan data dari berbagai kitab atau buku-buku dan artikel yang terkait dengan kajian maqasid  al-syari'ah dari buku klasik sampai yang modern. Berdasarkan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, dengan paradigma integratif, maqasid al-syari'ah dapat menjadi sebuah metode yang sangat fleksibel. Ia dapat diterapkan dengan menembus ruang dan zaman. Perangkat-perangkat kontekstualisasi melalui istihsan, fath al-zara'i, 'urf dan istishab menjadikan hukum Islam compatible dalam segala situasi, kondisi zaman, sosio-kultural masyarakat modern yang terus berkembang. Paradigma ini akan melahirkan fikih medis yang kontekstual di era modern.
Upper Gastrointestinal Visceral Pain Models in Guinea-Pigs (Mini-Review)
Authors: Halicka J. , Tatar M.
Published: May 2018

Visceral pain brings deep medical burden to society, and it is clinically often the first symptom which leads to a medical consultation. In the time of deeper understanding of molecular transducers in pain pathways, there is still need for models to test hypothesis how would selective inhibition of nociceptive pathways modulates the behavior of experimental animal. In comparison with somatic pain, there is less visceral pain models, probably due to complex extrinsic (dual innervation by dorsal root ganglia and vagus nerve innervation) and intrinsic innervation. We want to develop a new model of visceral pain in guinea pigs to test our hypothesis that vagal afferent innervation affects perception of visceral pain. In this mini-review we would like to closely describe advantages and drawbacks of visceral pain models used in our department
Immunomodulatory effects of Tim-3 and PD-1 on chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Liu Yuan
Published: May 2018

In patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the immune cells are dysfunctional, and the immune function cannot work normally. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) are overexpressed on the surface of immune cells, such as cluster of differentiation (CD)4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Many studies indicate that this phenomenon is closely related to the persistence, occurrence, development, and prognosis of HBV. Tim-3 and PD-1 may be used as new immune targets for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Research progress on the role of immune cells in Brucella infection
Authors: Zhang Jin
Published: May 2018

Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonoses in the world. Incidence of the disease has increased significantly in recent years and has seriously affected the health of human beings and the development of animal husbandry. The pathogenesis of brucellosis remains unclear. Current studies suggest that this disease may be related to changes in natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages in immune cell subsets. Brucellosis may be also related to T helper (Th) 1 cell/Th2 cell imbalance in the CD4+ T cell subset, immunoregulation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells, and the mechanism of action of CD8+ T cell. This paper aims to review the research progress on these inherent immune cells, the CD4+ T cell subset, and CD8+ T cells in Brucella infection.
Application of Nanotechnology for Anti-Friction Coatings
Authors: Enger Marco , Blaškovitš Pavel
Published: May 2018

Different slide-active coatings for thermoplastic surfaces, based on a new binder technology, were investigated for their use as slide element in the automobile interior. The main focus of this paper is the determination of the sliding behaviour of the coated thermoplastics in direct comparison to the uncoated variants. The coatings showed clearly different slide motion properties concerning their friction coefficient and stick-slip behaviour. In a direct comparison with the currently used polymers a clear improvement of slide properties could be achieved.
A Proposed Methodology of Resolving Conflits Within Multicultural Teams in Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Videnová Veronika , Cagáňová Dagmar , Witkowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2018

The main aim of the presented paper is to clarify the need of resolving conflicts within multicultural teams in industrial enterprises, increasing awesome of multiculturalism on Slovakia as necessary part of our life and to suggest the structure of the dissertation thesis. The author base the study on the assumption that extensively developed intercultural relationships lead to mutual understanding between people and consequently to less interpersonal conflicts.The paper is divided in two main chapters. The first one deals with the theoretical bases of given issue, to clarify the concept of multiculturalism. The emphasis is primarily on the issue of conflict resolution within multicultural teams in industrial enterprises. The second one consists of reasoning and continuity of the paper, brief characteristics, goals, hypotheses, theses and benefits valuation.
The Strategic Development of Multicultural Competencies Through a Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Woolliscroft Paul , Caganova Dagmar , Cambal Milos , Makraiova Jana
Published: May 2018

The need to develop a clear understanding of multicultural competencies is essential to fully develop a strategic approach to human capital management (HCM). As Slovak workplaces become more diverse, culture and intercultural management has gained greater significance and the adoption of a strategic approach is now critical to the success and competitive advantage of the organisation. Moreover, it is necessary to address this field of management to ensure the high performance of organisations, especially those operating within a global setting. The focus of the research is on the identification of multicultural competencies in the context of Slovak industrial enterprises to measure and identify linkages between cultural aspects and the strategic business performance.
Structural-Dimensional Concept of Tourism Service Quality / Strukturno-Dimenzionalni Koncept Kvaliteta Turističkih Usluga
Authors: Vujović Vukan P.
Published: May 2018

The difficulties of delivering a consistently satisfactory quality of tourism services emerge as a result of the discrepancies between the productive structures and corresponding dimensional features of delivering values during their cycle of consumption. Organizational enterprise system is the primary responsible for the above mentioned phenomenon, and it consists of production (working) units and departments in charge of quality management as well as control and monitoring of the production processes, that is, the flow of delivery. This paper discusses the current models of structural complexity, dimensional observations of quality as well as the phases of user participation throughout the life cycle of tourism services. The possibility of identifying several typical levels in the complex tourism product provides the groundwork for a more meaningful comparison between “projected and actual quality”, as well as achieving greater organizational performances in the domain of market-delivered value of the resulting service. The main objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of deeper organizational and functional analysis models and continuous monitoring of the achieved quality. The effects of such systematic approach would be manifested to the ultimate degree of fulfillment of expectations and the overall customer or user satisfaction with tourism service.
Streamline simulation of water-oil displacement in a heterogeneous fractured reservoir using different transfer functions
Authors: Mesbah Mohammad , Vatani Ali , Siavashi Majid
Published: May 2018

Main parts of oil and gas reserves are stored in fractured reservoirs. Simulation of multiphase flow in fractured reservoirs requires a large amount of calculations due to the complexity, reservoir scale and heterogeneity of the rock properties. The accuracy and speed of the streamline method for simulating hydrocarbon reservoirs at field scale make it more applicable than conventional Eulerian simulators using finite difference and finite element techniques. Conventional simulators for fractured reservoirs consume a great deal of time and expense and require powerful CPUs like supercomputers. This makes the development of a fast, powerful and precise simulation method of great importance. The present study was undertaken to develop a computational code as a streamline simulator to study waterflooding in a two-dimensional fractured reservoir with heterogeneous permeability using the Dual Porosity-Single Permeability (DPSP) model. In this simulator, the pressure equation is solved implicitly over an Eulerian grid and then the streamlines are generated using Pollock's semi-analytical method and are traced. At this point, the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) is developed and the saturation equations are mapped and solved explicitly along the streamlines. Next, the results are transferred back onto the Eulerian grid and the calculations are repeated until the simulation end time. In fractured reservoirs, the interaction between the matrix and fracture is included in the transfer functions. Transfer functions model fluid flow and production mechanisms between the matrix and fracture. They introduce source/sink equations between the matrix and fracture and they are distributed throughout the media. In the current study, a problem is simulated using streamline method and several important transfer functions. A new linear transfer function with a constant coefficient is introduced that is based on differences in water saturation between the matrix and fracture. The simulation results were then compared and a commercial software is applied to solve the same problem. The results of the streamline simulator were compared with those of the commercial software and showed appropriate accuracy for the newly introduced transfer function. The accuracy and efficiency of the streamline simulator for simulation of two-phase flow in fractured reservoirs using different transfer functions are confirmed and the results are verified.
LAS VISITAS GUIADAS EN EL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO DE MATANZAS, CUBA
Authors: Robledo Ainel González , Ortega Lenia Robledo , Rodríguez Amalia Enríquez , Bárzaga Yamilé Rodríguez
Published: May 2018

Los jardines botánicos juegan un papel muy importante para la conservación de las especies de plantas en peligro de desaparecer de la naturaleza, de la flora local, nacional y en educación ambiental. El Jardín Botánico de Matanzas tiene experiencia de más de quince años, con actividades de educación ambiental, donde  los estudiantes de los diversos niveles de enseñanza son los principales actores. Las visitas guiadas y otras actividades que se realizan en el jardín, se adecuan a las características de los diferentes grupos y elevan los conocimientos acerca de las plantas y la importancia de su protección. Los resultados de las visitas guiadas avalan el trabajo de la educación ambiental en el jardín botánico de Matanzas, Cuba.
Case-control study on risk factors for acute hepatitis E in Germany, 2012 to 2014
Authors: Faber Mirko , Askar Mona , Stark Klaus
Published: May 2018

Background

Notified cases of hepatitis E have increased 40-fold in the past 10 years in Germany. Food safety is a major concern as hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA has been detected in ready-to-eat retail-level food products. The objective of this case–control study was to assess risk factors for autochthonous symptomatic hepatitis E and explore reasons for delays in diagnosis. Methods: Demographic, clinical and exposure data from notified hepatitis E cases and individually matched population controls were collected in semi-standardised telephone interviews. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate matched odds ratios (mOR) and population attributable fractions (PAF). Results: In total, 270 cases and 1,159 controls were included (mean age 53 years, 61% men in both groups). Associated with disease were: consumption of undercooked pork liver, pork, wild boar meat, frankfurters, liver sausage and raw vegetables; contact with waste water (occupational) and various host factors (mORs between 1.9 and 34.1, p value < 0.03). PAF for frankfurters and liver sausage were 17.6%, and 23.6%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the clinical presentation and hospitalisation proportion of acute hepatitis E in men and women. Diagnosis was preceded by more invasive procedures in 29.2% of patients, suggesting that hepatitis E was not immediately considered as a common differential diagnosis. Conclusions: Our study suggests that there are indeed sex-specific differences in disease development and lends important epidemiological evidence to specific ready-to-eat pork products as a major source for autochthonous hepatitis E. A review of existing consumer recommendations and production methods may be indicated.
KÜRESEL İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE GÜVENLİK
Authors: VURAL Çağla
Published: May 2018

Öz

Dünya yüzeyindeki sıcaklık gittikçe artmaktadır. Hızlı nüfus

artışı, kentleşme ve sanayileşme sonucunda atmosfere bırakılan kirletici gazlar

atmosferde sera etkisi yaratmaktadır. Ormanlık alanların yok olması sonucunda

karbondioksit salımını dengeleyecek mekanizmalar işlevsiz hale gelmektedir. Tüm

bunların sonucunda iklim değişikliği; küresel boyutlarda dünyanın en acil

sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır ve söz konusu olaylar güvenlik boyutu ile

de değerlendirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda küresel iklim değişikliği

çevresel bir güvenlik sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte sorun

geleneksel, ortak, insani ve ekolojik güvenlik yaklaşımları bakımından farklı

bakış açılarıyla ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın gayesi; küresel ölçekte

yaşanan iklim değişikliği sorununun güvenlikle ilişkisinin incelenmesi ve

sorunun çözümüne yönelik en uygun bakış açısını sunabilen güvenlik yaklaşımının

araştırılmasıdır. Bu araştırmalar yapılırken; literatür taraması yöntemine

başvurulmuş; bilimsel kitaplardan, makalelerden, tezlerden ve internet

kaynaklarından yararlanılmıştır.
Monitoring of stresses and deformations in soils by fiber optic sensors
Authors: Mosquera Luis , Basurto Jesús
Published: May 2018

This paper shows the application of LPG optical fiber sensors to the determination of the transmitted stress and deformation of a sample of confined soil subjected to surface loads. The transmitted stress was measured by a mechanical LPG pressure sensor and the curvature of the ground by permanent LPG sensors buried at depths of 0.1m; 0.2m; 0.4m and 0.6m. Clay-sandy soil characteristic of UNICAMP was deposited in a cylinder of 0.8m in length and 0.30m in diameter. The soil was lightly compacted in 0.2m layers and an LPG sensor was installed on each layer. Surface loads of up to 227 KPa were applied to the surface of the soil, measuring axial soil deformations of less than 3mm by our sensors with sensitivities of the order of 0.22 mm/dB. The values of the modulus of elasticity for this type of soil were determined from the fitting of the Boussinesq equations with the values measured by the buried LPG sensors. A Young's modulus of 5.40 MPa and a Poisson's coefficient ν = 0.52 were determined for this type of soil.
Global Reaktiflik Parametreleri ve Bazı Spektral Sonuçlarla Polipropilenin Zincir Uzunluğuna Bağlı Kimyasal Reaktifliği
Authors: AKIN Tuğçe , UCUN Fatih , TOKATLI Ahmet
Published: May 2018

Özet: Bu
çalışmada polipropilenin zincir
uzunluğuna (n) bağlı olarak kimyasal reaktifliği
ya da kararlılığı, global reaktiflik parametreleri ve bazı spektral sonuçlar
yardımıyla araştırıldı. Bu maksatla, molekülün optimizasyonları (n=1-12) B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p)
seviyesinde yapıldıktan sonra global reaktiflik parametreleri yani; EHOMO,
ELUMO, ELUMO - EHOMO enerji farkı, iyonlaşma
enerjisi, elektron ilgisi, kimyasal potansiyel, elektronegatiflik, sertlik, yumuşaklık,
elektrofilisiti ve nükleofilisiti indeks değerleri ve spektral sonuçlar yani;
IR, 1H NMR ve 13C NMR spektrumları hesaplanarak
yorumlandı. Molekülün reaktifliğinin zincir uzunluğuna bağlı olarak artığı
fakat n=10’dan sonra hemen hemen sabit kaldığı görüldü. Bulunmuş bu zincir uzunluğunun
bu molekülün kimyasal özelliklerinin teorik olarak araştırmada yeterli olduğu
kanaatine varıldı.

Abstract: In the
present study, the chemical reactivity or stability of polypropylene depending
on the number of chain (n) were investigated via global reactivity parameters
and some spectral results. In this context, after the geometry optimizations of
the molecule (n=1-12) were carried out at B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level, the global
reactivity parameters such as; EHOMO, ELUMO, energy gap
between ELUMO and EHOMO, ionization enerjisi, electron
affinity, chemical potential, electronegativity, hardness, softness,
electrophilicity index and nucleophilicity index, and the spectral results such
as; IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR have been calculated and
commented. It was seen that its reactivity increases with increasing chain
number but, become nearly constant after n=10. We have concluded this found
chain number is enough to investigate its chemical properties as theoretical.
Histoplasmosis pulmonar crónica en un adulto inmunocompetente
Authors: Ordóñez Blanco Ivonne Tatiana , Garzón Herazo Javier Ricardo , Lasso Apráes Javier Iván , Cruz Ramírez Viviana
Published: May 2018

Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis around the world, increasing proportionally with the growing need of immunosuppressive therapies for the treatment of different diseases. Caused by the microorganism Histoplasma capsulatum, the most frequent clinical form is the pulmonary one, which is classified, according to the time of presentation, inacute, subacute, and chronic. Chronic histoplasmosis accounts for 8% of cases, characterized by the progressive formation of cavities and extensive destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma, typically described in patients with chronic pulmonary disease and smoking history. In Colombia, up to 10% of cases is not associated with risk factors. Given its importance and the scarce information reported in the literature, we present the case of a 50-year-old man treated at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio who was diagnosed with chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis and in whom immunodeficiency studies were normal, identifying themselves as unique factor of risk its occupation as demolisher of constructions.
Tumor mucoepidermoide de la tráquea: reporte de caso
Authors: Ferrer Añez Enrique , Serruto Contreras Bernardo
Published: May 2018

We report one case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, operated with resection and end to end anastomosis. Malignant tumors of the trachea are extremely rare, with an estimated incidence of 1 for every 180 cases of lung cancer. The majority of the patients consulted for having longstanding dyspnea, usually several months before being diagnosed, and very frequently, due to the presence of wheezing, their diagnosis is confounded with bronchial asthma. The most common variety of malignant neoplasm of the trachea is adenoid cystic carcinoma, followed in frequency by squamous cell carcinoma, and finally mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
El Inca Garcilaso, nuestro primer gran escritor
Authors: López-Baralt Mercedes
Published: May 2018

En este ensayo, y desde los Comentarios reales y la Historia general del Perú, abordo los motivos que justifican el epíteto que hace años le vengo otorgando al Inca Garcilaso de la Vega: nuestro primer gran escritor. La primera parte examina el carácter literario de su escritura, considerando la simetría como su principio rector, la poesía de su prosa, la fuerza narrativa de sus cuentos, las alegorías de sus estampas líricas, su anticipación de la memoria autobiográfica como género  moderno y la creación de personajes inolvidables y diálogos estremecedores. La segunda calibra el rol del Inca como mitólogo, y explica cómo su orfandad psíquica lo mueve a buscar figuras paternas que sustituyan al padre y a construirse a sí mismo como ente mítico andino: el wakcha. En su obra, el doble —noción mítica milenaria que la modernidad ha hecho suya para aludir a la complejidad del ser humano como ente conflictivo— se convierte en el tropo rector de la creación de sus personajes. Con un manejo magistral, nuestro Inca anticipa en más de dos siglos a Dostoievski. Concluyo ponderando las reverberaciones actuales de la lección magistral que nos ha dejado su celebración del mestizaje.
Regulations of determining law governing to arbitrability
Authors: Haghpanah Ardalan , Ali Almasi Nejad
Published: May 2018

Determining the law applicable to arbitrability is of paramount importance because the procedures taken by the legal system are very different. In this way, some systems principally recognize any disputes eligible for referral to arbitration, while some other legal systems have put an emphasis on the general inapplicability of arbitrability to the disputes and only accepts it in a few exceptional cases. The remainder of legal systems have taken a position in the middle of these two theories. Therefore, it is clear that determining the applicable and governing law can also pinpoint the ultimate arbitrability (or not) of the case. The main challenge of this research is to examine the law governing the practice of arbitration and how proceeds the arbitrability at the courts of arbitration. At the end of this study, it will be known that there are several criteria for determining the law governing arbitrability, including the lex fori, the law of the parties’ agreement, the law of the place of enforcement of the award, and the law of one or both of the parties. By the way, today transnational law principles seems to gain more importance. Each of these criteria has its own advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the norms of human rights have also led to developments in the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards, in such a way that the tenets of human rights (in the domain of the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards) have also led governments to recognize acquired rights in foreign countries.
Carrying on: Leslie Thornton, Su Friedrich, Abigail Child and American Avant-Garde Film of the Eighties
Authors: Wees William C.
Published: May 2018

Les films de Leslie Thornton, Su Friedrich et Abigail Child sont représenta tifs de trois tendances importantes dans le cinéma d’avant-garde américain des années 80: la place de plus en plus grande qu’occupent les femmes (et la “question féminine”); la dissolution des démarcations strictes entre l’art élitiste et la culture popu laire; et la nécessité d’innover et de repenser les formes et les genres de l’avant-garde traditionnelle, principalement en ce qui a trait à la narration, à l’autobiographie et au collage/montage. Cette inventivité formelle révèle les liens qui unissent ces trois cinéastes au niveau de leur esthétique et de leur implication dans le discours politique et social de l’époque.
Fairy Tales of Two Cities, or Queer Nation(s)/Urban Cinema(s)
Authors: Waugh Thomas
Published: May 2018

Cet article examine quatre films d’auteurs gais qui se situent en marge des canons du cinéma au Canada et au Québec : À tout prendre, Winter Kept Us Warm, Il était une fois dans l’Est et Outrageous!. Deux de ces films sont de Toronto, deux de Montréal; deux furent produits avant la date charnière 1968/1969, deux après. L’auteur analyse ces oeuvres pionnières du cinéma gai et leurs réceptions par l’intermédiaire des grilles cinéma/culture, sexualité/genre, habitat/nation. Ce sont moins des textes nationaux que des textes urbains qui émergent des configurations cinématographiques, sexuelles et spatiales des deux métropoles qui ont présidé à l’émergence de la modernité canadienne et qui furent les creusets de ces quatre films.
Panic Bodies and the Performance of Space
Authors: Varga Darrell
Published: May 2018

Par une lecture approfondie du film expérimental Panic Bodies de Mike Hoolboom, cet article étudie la représentation cinématographique de l’espace en tant que construction sociale. L’auteur s’oppose à la théorie culturelle canadienne qui suppose un lien déterminant entre l’identité et l’État national. L’auteur utilise plutôt la théorie de l’espace d’Henri Lefebvre pour démontrer, d’une part, que les frontières d’un espace donné sont imposées par la société et peuvent donc être contestées et, d’autre part, que l’art permet de faire l’expérience d’un espace qui n’est pas prescrit par la raison d’état. La mise en espace de l’expérience cinématographique s’élabore en relation dialectique avec le concept de l’image-temps qui selon Deleuze rompt la linéarité et l’endiguement de la différence.
Critically Queenie: The Lessons of Fortune and Men's Eyes
Authors: Dickinson Peter
Published: May 2018

L'adaptation du drame carcéral de John Herbert, Fortune and Men’s Eyes, réalisée en 1971 par Harvey, Hart, nous permet de réfléchir à certains codes binaires qui contrôlent les représentations de la sexualité et des rôles sexuels dans les espaces institutionnels. S'attardant à l'adaptation comme acte transformateur dans la représentation gaie, l'auteur propose que les différences entre la pièce de Herbert et le film de Hart impliquent des différences épistémologiques narratives et sexuelles. Tout en faisant référence à d'autres films pertinents, l'auteur se concentre particulièrement sur le rôle crucial et hautement visuel que joue le travesti et « mère de cellule » Queenie, dans Fortune and Men's Eyes. L'article suggère que ce personnage offre un modèle iconographique puissant de la représentation et de la réception du travestisme dans les cinémas canadien et québécois.
Critical Categories and the (Il)logic of Identity
Authors: Stukator Angela
Published: May 2018

Les rendez-vous d'Anna (1978) et Histoire d'Amérique: Food, Family and Philosophy (1988) de Chantal Akerman sont des films qu'on pourrait situer dans les discours du cinéma belge, du cinéma des femmes, du cinéma juif ou encore du cinéma d’art européen. Toutefois, ce texte suggère que la mobilisation de telles catégories esthétiques ne fait que perpétuer une logique de l’identité qui efface la complexité de l’identité elle-même. Les discours de l’identité opèrent préalablement à travers la validation, la legitimation et la perpétuation de la catégorie elle-même; l'identité n'est pertinente qu'en autant qu’elle s’identifie à de tels buts. Ces deux films d’Akerman évoquent la complexité de l'identité et en ceci complèmentent le projet postmoderne de dénoncer l'illogique de l'identité. Ces films demandent à la critique de problématiser ses propres catégories et de théoriser la tension entre le désir de saisir une identité et l'impossibilité d'un tel désir.
Canadian Cinema from the Margins: “The Nation” and Masculinity in Goin' Down the Road
Authors: Ramsay Christine
Published: May 2018

D’après Stephen Heath, les concepts de nation et de différence sexuelle sont nécessairement liés à une théorisation du cinéma national en tant que représentation de lutte et de conflit social. Ce texte examine cette relation à travers les idées de régionalisme, de classe, de culture, et de masculinité dans Goin’ Down The Road (Canada 1970, Don Shebib), un film narratif important du cinéma canadien-anglais. En partant des théories “post-coloniales” de Homi K. Bhabha, ce texte s’efforce de relire le film en tant que discours minoritaire et en tant que “communauté imaginaire de la fraternité horizontale.” A Travers les travaux de Michael Kaufman sur la masculinité comme fantaisie de PUISSANCE, il sera proposé que la nation et la masculinité sont tous deux des structures idéologiques.
A Romance with Mexico: The EPIC Spectacle of the Revolution: The Martin Walsh Memorial Lecture (2000)
Authors: Pick Zuzana M.
Published: May 2018

En plus d’examiner certaines questions historiographiques soulevées par trois films portant sur la période de la guerre civile qui marqua la Révolution mexicaine, l’auteure étudie aussi les interprétations interculturelles que ces films encouragent. Les éléments thématiques et iconographiques des ces films sont aussi mis en parallèle avec le processus de signification qui constitue le discours de la Revolución.
Monitorage hémodynamique dans le SDRA : que savoir en 2018
Authors: Rousset D. , Riu-Poulenc B. , Silva S.
Published: May 2018

Environ deux tiers des patients atteints de syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) présenteront une instabilité hémodynamique avec recours aux vasopresseurs. Sous ventilation mécanique, la diminution de précharge du ventricule droit (VD) suite à l’augmentation de la pression pleurale et l’augmentation de la postcharge du VD secondaire à l’élévation de la pression transpulmonaire seront des phénomènes exacerbés en cas de SDRA. Les risques encourus sont une diminution du débit cardiaque global et l’évolution vers un cœur pulmonaire aigu (CPA). Le contrôle de la pression motrice, de la pression expiratoire positive et la lutte contre l’hypoxémie et l’hypercapnie auront un impact autant respiratoire qu’hémodynamique. L’échographie cardiaque tient un rôle central au sein du monitorage hémodynamique au cours du SDRA, à travers l’évaluation du débit cardiaque, des différentes pressions de remplissage intracardiaques et le diagnostic de CPA. Le cathéter artériel pulmonaire est un outil de monitorage complet, indiqué en cas de défaillance cardiaque droite ou hypertension artérielle pulmonaire sévère ; mais le risque d’effets indésirables est élevé. Les moniteurs utilisant la thermodilution transpulmonaire permettent un monitorage du débit cardiaque en temps réel et sont d’une aide précieuse dans l’évaluation du statut volumique. L’évaluation de la précharge dépendance ne doit pas s’effectuer sur les variabilités respiratoires de la pression pulsée ou du diamètre des veines caves, mais à travers l’épreuve de lever de jambe passif, le test d’occlusion télé-expiratoire ou encore les épreuves de remplissage titrées.
Calcium oscillations in blood platelets and their possible role in ‘interpreting’ extracellular information by cells
Authors: Shakhidzhanov S S , Balabin F A , Obydennyy S I , Ataullakhanov F I , Sveshnikova A N
Published: May 2018

Intracellular Ca2+ ions play an important role in the transmission and treatment of information that cells obtain from the ambient environment. Having received an external signal, a cell may increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration within fractions of a second by a factor of several hundred. This phenomenon triggers activation of various cellular systems that generate a response to the external stimulus. In many cells under the effect of external signal the concentration of Ca2+ not only increases, but also starts oscillating. Both the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations are affected by the external signal strength. There are reasons to hypothesize that the conversion of the external signal into the oscillating intracellular signal has some important informational meaning. Methods to measure the dynamics of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and mechanisms that generate the oscillations are reviewed, and hypotheses on how the cell decodes Ca2+ concentration oscillations are presented. Consideration is focused on the platelet, the cell that plays a key role in arresting hemorrhages. If a vessel is damaged, the platelet is rapidly activated. Identical platelets are divided in the process of arresting a hemorrhage into three populations with quite different missions. The platelet seems to somehow ‘interpret’ the set of external signals and uses the Ca2+ concentration oscillations to ‘choose’ the population to which it will belong. Owing to the platelet’s relative simplicity, one can expect that studies of that cell will shortly enable the decryption of the ‘code’ that drives Ca2+ concentration oscillations.
Hybrid Flow Shop with Unrelated Machines, Setup Time, and Work in Progress Buffers for Bi-Objective Optimization of Tortilla Manufacturing
Authors: Yaurima-Basaldua Victor , Tchernykh Andrei , Villalobos-Rodríguez Francisco , Salomon-Torres Ricardo
Published: May 2018

We address a scheduling problem in an actual environment of the tortilla industry. Since the problem is NP hard, we focus on suboptimal scheduling solutions. We concentrate on a complex multistage, multiproduct, multimachine, and batch production environment considering completion time and energy consumption optimization criteria. The production of wheat-based and corn-based tortillas of different styles is considered. The proposed bi-objective algorithm is based on the known Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). To tune it up, we apply statistical analysis of multifactorial variance. A branch and bound algorithm is used to assert obtained performance. We show that the proposed algorithms can be efficiently used in a real production environment. The mono-objective and bi-objective analyses provide a good compromise between saving energy and efficiency. To demonstrate the practical relevance of the results, we examine our solution on real data. We find that it can save 48% of production time and 47% of electricity consumption over the actual production.
Rheological and Flocculation Analysis of Microfibrillated Cellulose Suspension Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Koponen Antti I. , Lauri Janne , Haavisto Sanna , Fabritius Tapio
Published: May 2018

A sub-micron resolution optical coherence tomography device was used together with a pipe rheometer to analyze the rheology and flocculation dynamics of a 0.5% microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) suspension. The bulk behavior of the MFC suspension showed typical shear thinning (power-law) behavior. This was reflected in a monotonously decreasing floc size when the shear stress exceeded the yield stress of the suspension. The quantitative viscous behavior of the MFC suspension changed abruptly at the wall shear stress of 10 Pa, which was reflected in a simultaneous abrupt drop of the floc size. The flocs were strongly elongated with low shear stresses. With the highest shear stresses, the flocs were almost spherical, indicating a good level of fluidization of the suspension.