bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision Making in the AEGIS Combat Information Center
Authors: Kaempf George L. , Wolf Steve , Miller Thomas E.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the methods and findings of a study designed to identify the decision requirements for anti-air warfare officers in the Combat Information Center of an AEGIS cruiser. Decision requirements include the decisions that systems operators make, the cognitive strategies they invoke to make these decisions, and the cues and factors essential for making these decisions. These requirements can be used to design training, human-computer interfaces, or decision supports. The researchers adopted a method based on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) research. NDM describes how people make decisions in real-world settings under conditions of time pressure, high risk, and ambiguity. This paper describes a process for obtaining data necessary for describing these decision processes. The central method is a semi-structured interview method, the Critical Decision method (CDM). CDM was used to interview 31 experienced AEGIS personnel resulting in 14 incidents that reflect real problems experienced by the operational fleet. Analysis of these incidents revealed 183 decisions. Of these, 103 concerned situation assessments (SA). The operators used feature matching and story building to make all SA decisions. The operators invoked recognitional strategies to generate 95% of the course of action (COA) options and compared multiple options in only 5% of the COA decisions. The findings reported here indicate that under conditions of time pressure and ambiguity: decision makers rarely use analytical decision strategies, they usually satisfice rather than optimize, they rely heavily on diagnostic decisions, and they invoke singular rather than comparative evaluations of courses of action.
Cognet Representation of Tactical Decision-Making in Anti-Air Warfare
Authors: Zachary Wayne W. , Zaklad Allen L. , Hicinbothom James H. , Ryder Joan M. , Purcell Janine A.
Published: July 2017

Human tactical decision making in Naval Anti-Air Warfare (AAW) is time-critical and is performed in a multiple-task, team-based environment. These aspects make this domain extremely challenging for traditional cognitive modeling techniques. The COGNET ((COGnition as a NEtwork of Tasks) framework, however, is inherently designed for real-time, multi-tasking work, and, with extensions to accommodate team decision processes, proved suitable for modeling AAW decision making in the Navy's Tactical Decision Making Under Stress (TADMUS) program. A COGNET model of AAW domain expertise is described, along with Decision-Support System (DSS) design principles derived from the COGNET AAW model and the underlying COGNET framework.
Enhancing the Performance of Interface Evaluators Using Non-Empirical Usability Methods
Authors: Desurvire Heather , Thomas John C.
Published: July 2017

Heuristic Evaluation has been shown to be a quick cost-effective methodology that can lead to early identification of many of the same user interface errors as laboratory usability studies. In this paper, we describe a method designed to enhance the performance of expert, system developer, and non-expert evaluators. The evaluators most proficient at Heuristic Evaluation are Human-Factors Experts (Desurvire, Lawrence and Atwood, 1991; Desurvire, Kondziela and Atwood, 1992; Jeffries, Miller, Wharton and Uyeda, 1991) and most notably, “double experts” (Nielsen, 1992). Similar results were obtained for the Cognitive Walkthrough developed by Lewis, Polson, Wharton and Rieman, 1990 (Desurvire, et al., 1992; Jeffries, et al., 1991). We were interested in whether a non-empirical method could be developed in which evaluators other than Human Factors Experts can perform nearly as well as Experts.

Desurvire, et al. (1992) found that Heuristic Evaluation and Cognitive Walkthroughs not only predicted problems observed in laboratory studies but also encouraged evaluators to suggest improvements. In addition, non-empirical methods stimulated evaluators to point out problems that would be likely to occur in actual use, but would not be observed in laboratory studies. We were interested in expanding this finding by developing a method that encouraged a broader scope of thinking, and thus a broader evaluation. In this paper, we describe the method Programmed Amplification of Valuable Experts (PAVE) and how it enhanced the performance of System Developers and Non-Human-Factors-Expert evaluators. Future work is discussed in which real users in the field will be compared to these results.
A Confident Measure of Teamwork: The Efficacy of Confidence Assessment and Feedback Enhancement for Collective Training
Authors: McKeever Kenneth J. , Christ Richard E.
Published: July 2017

The perceptions that team members have of each other's capabilities and the accuracy of those perceptions are very important in determining how well a team will perform. This paper describes a method for assessing, and the consequences of, team members' confidence in the capabilities of their peers. The mutual judgments of confidence are derived from knowledge each team member has of the capabilities of others to perform their respective tasks and to coordinate their actions with those of other team members. Implications of the accuracy of this knowledge and its impact on collective team training and performance are discussed.
Procedures and Metrics for Aircraft Cockpit Display Evaluations
Authors: Weinstein Lisa F. , Ercoline William R.
Published: July 2017

The standardization of test methods for the evaluation of aircraft cockpit displays is an area display designers need to investigate. Comparable simulation facilities, and experimental protocols including tasks, performance parameters, data analysis techniques, and subject pools, need to be employed across military and civilian research laboratories to ensure that the results of simulation efforts will be interpreted similarly by all researchers and designers. This paper reviews the types of tasks and data collection, reduction, and analysis techniques used by researchers during a five-year Air Force research program designed to: 1) develop a standard head-up display (HUD) symbology set for use as a primary flight reference during instrument flight, and 2) develop a standard symbology set to be used as a baseline for comparing other HUDs. The program objective was met. The symbology set will be included in a revision of Military Standard (MIL STD) 1787, Aircraft Display Symbology.
Body contouring in the post-bariatric surgical patient
Authors: Hassan Sameena , Jivan Sharmila , Fourie LeRoux
Published: July 2017

Current statistics put obesity rates in England at 25%, with a further 36% being classed as overweight; the associated prescription cost for medical management is £15 300 000. The sequelae of obesity include heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and mental health illness. Post-bariatric surgical patients face significant on-going morbidity related to excess tissue, mobility and general wellbeing. The national guidelines for reconstructive plastic surgery on post-bariatric patients attempt to ration funding for surgery while eliminating the postcode lottery effect. This article summarises key points in the management of the post-bariatric surgical patient and emphasises referral criteria for body contouring.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Tarafdar Suhail Amin , Gannon Mark Xavier
Published: July 2017

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localised dilation of the abdominal aorta. It tends to occur in men between 65 and 79 years of age, and is more common in smokers. Although frequently asymptomatic, an AAA can cause abdominal, groin or back pain. The fatality rate for ruptured AAAs is 90%. In the UK, an ultrasound screening programme for AAAs is now offered to men aged 65 years and over. Management involves surveillance, optimisation of cardiovascular risk status and surgical intervention. However, patients should also be made aware of the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority rules as these may prevent them from driving.
The Ramifications of Poor Documentation in Health Records
Authors: Edwards Stephen
Published: July 2017

A paper delivered to a Medicolegal Seminar conducted by the Medical Record Association of Australia — WA Branch entitled “Medicolegal Countdown — Do Your Health Records Meet Ethical and Legal Requirements?” in Perth on 25 August 1989.
Ambulatory Casemix: Some Options and Implications for Australian Hospitals
Authors: Mitchell Jennifer
Published: July 2017

A clinically meaningful classification system that can distinguish among types of patients by the resources they consume has become increasingly important for the effective management of hospitals. Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) are being used for this purpose for inpatients around the world. This paper briefly describes classification systems designed for outpatients, in particular Ambulatory Visit Groups (AVGs) and Ambulatory Patient Groups (APGs). Some management issues and implications for Australian hospitals should ambulatory casemix be introduced are discussed. (AMRJ (1990), 20(4), 152–158).
The ABS and Health Information
Authors: Stankewytsch-Janusch Bohdan
Published: July 2017

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is the central statistical authority in Australia. This paper firstly presents a general overview of the ABS's responsibilities, structure, and activities. It then discusses the role of the ABS in the health arena in which there are several other agencies with statistical responsibilities; it describes the collections which the ABS currently undertakes to provide statistics on health status, risk factors, and health services; and, finally, outlines a range of new initiatives in health statistics which the ABS plans to implement over the next few years.
Optical Imaging Systems – The Future of Medical Record Storage
Authors: Bryant Garry
Published: July 2017

This paper explains the processes which were undertaken to solve the problem of lack of storage for medical records at Logan Hospital. The paper contains analysis of why optical disk proved to be the most appropriate storage medium, and the system components of an Optical Disk System. A detailed description of how the Optical Imaging System has been structured and the processes which make the Optical Disk System a major part of the hospital's Health Information System is provided. The paper also discusses the much talked about legal side of optical imaging. Lastly the paper explains the future plans of Logan Hospital's Medical Record Storage System.
Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Stone Marcus S. , Huxel Kellie C. , Edwards Jeffrey E.
Published: July 2017

Context:

Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are a common condition experienced by recreational and competitive athletes. Despite their commonality and prevalence, their cause remains unknown. Theories for the cause of EAMC are primarily based on anecdotal and observational studies rather than sound experimental evidence. Without a clear cause, treatments and prevention strategies for EAMC are often unsuccessful.

Evidence Acquisition:

A search of Medline (EBSCO), SPORTDiscus, and Silverplatter (CINHAL) was undertaken for journal articles written in English between the years 1955 and 2008. Additional references were collected by a careful analysis of the citations of others’ research and textbooks.

Results:

Dehydration/electrolyte and neuromuscular causes are the most widely discussed theories for the cause of EAMC; however, strong experimental evidence for either theory is lacking.

Conclusions:

EAMC are likely due to several factors coalescing to cause EAMC. The variety of treatments and prevention strategies for EAMC are evidence of the uncertainty in their cause. Acute EAMC treatment should focus on moderate static stretching of the affected muscle followed by a proper medical history to determine any predisposing conditions that may have triggered the onset of EAMC. Based on physical findings, prevention programs should be implemented to include fluid and electrolyte balance strategies and/or neuromuscular training.
Cryptogenic Stroke Associated With Patent Foramen Ovale in a Collegiate Volleyball Athlete
Authors: Miyazawa Aimee , Vardiman Phillip , Magee Lawrence M. , Washington Erin
Published: July 2017

Cryptogenic stroke is a form of cerebral vascular accident that has an unknown origin and is rarely associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine headaches. This is an uncommon occurrence in young, healthy, active adults, and it is increasingly rare for the episode to occur during an athletic competition. Stroke is easily recognizable with its distinct signs and symptoms, but it is also easily confused with many of its differential diagnoses, such as seizures or head trauma, if the episode occurs during an athletic competition. This case report describes the stroke episode, incidence of migraine headaches, diagnostic testing, and surgical management of a college female volleyball athlete who suffered a cryptogenic stroke associated with PFO during an athletic competition. Diagnostic testing included magnetic resonance imaging with contrast, electroencephalograph, lower extremity Doppler testing, and a transesophageal echocardiograph with agitated saline study. Surgical correction of the PFO included a cardiac catheterization percutaneous procedure based on fluoroscopic and echocardiograph imaging. After release from physicians, the athlete returned to full participation in the sport of volleyball, where she competed for the next 2 years without complications. The patient has reported no symptoms from stroke or PFO closure procedure in 3 years, and migraine headaches have decreased in severity, frequency, and duration.
Upper Limb Biomechanics During the Volleyball Serve and Spike
Authors: Reeser Jonathan C. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Bolt Becky , Ruan Mianfang
Published: July 2017

Background:

The shoulder is the third-most commonly injured body part in volleyball, with the majority of shoulder problems resulting from chronic overuse.

Hypothesis:

Significant kinetic differences exist among specific types of volleyball serves and spikes.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Fourteen healthy female collegiate volleyball players performed 5 successful trials of 4 skills: 2 directional spikes, an off-speed roll shot, and the float serve. Volunteers who were competent in jump serves (n, 5) performed 5 trials of that skill. A 240-Hz 3-dimensional automatic digitizing system captured each trial. Multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc paired t tests were used to compare kinetic parameters for the shoulder and elbow across all the skills (except the jump serve). A similar statistical analysis was performed for upper extremity kinematics.

Results:

Forces, torques, and angular velocities at the shoulder and elbow were lowest for the roll shot and second-lowest for the float serve. No differences were detected between the cross-body and straight-ahead spikes. Although there was an insufficient number of participants to statistically analyze the jump serve, the data for it appear similar to those of the cross-body and straight-ahead spikes. Shoulder abduction at the instant of ball contact was approximately 130° for all skills, which is substantially greater than that previously reported for female athletes performing tennis serves or baseball pitches.

Conclusion:

Because shoulder kinetics were greatest during spiking, the volleyball player with symptoms of shoulder overuse may wish to reduce the number of repetitions performed during practice. Limiting the number of jump serves may also reduce the athlete’s risk of overuse-related shoulder dysfunction.

Clinical Relevance:

Volleyball-specific overhead skills, such as the spike and serve, produce considerable upper extremity force and torque, which may contribute to the risk of shoulder injury.
Use of Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Primary Care Physicians in Patients Aged 40 Years and Older
Authors: Petron David J. , Greis Patrick E. , Aoki Stephen K. , Black Stuart , Krete Derek , Sohagia Kinjal B. , Burks Robert
Published: July 2017

Background:

Criteria are needed for primary care providers such that they can evaluate age-related knee pain in a cost-effective manner. This study examined (1) in what percentage of patients are appropriate radiographic views of the knee ordered before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for knee pain, (2) specialists’ retrospective evaluation for appropriate utilization of MRI in knee pain, and (3) in what manner would the MRIs have altered diagnosis and management of knee disorders.

Hypothesis:

Primary care providers underuse appropriate radiographs—especially, flexion weightbearing posteroanterior films—and overuse MRIs when evaluating older patients with knee pain.

Study Design:

Case control.

Methods:

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 100 patients older than 40 years with knee MRIs. Patient encounters with primary care physicians were reviewed. Given available information, specialists then formulated a pre- and post-MRI diagnosis and treatment plan and indicated whether the MRI would have altered their treatment.

Results:

Only 12 of 100 MRIs would have been ordered by an orthopaedist given the documented data. No MRIs would have been ordered in the 19 patients aged 60 years or older. Among 44 radiographs ordered, only 7 were flexion weightbearing. The most common pre-MRI diagnoses made by primary care providers were joint pain (22%) and meniscus injury (24%); the most common post-MRI diagnoses were osteoarthritis (40%) and degenerative meniscus injury (23%). In contrast, the 2 most common pre- and post-MRI diagnoses by specialists were osteoarthritis (28% and 37%, respectively) and degenerative meniscus injury (23% and 24%, respectively). Also, referrals to specialists increased from 9% pre-MRI to 76% post-MRI.

Conclusion:

Primary care providers may be overusing knee MRIs and underusing flexion weightbearing posteroanterior radiographs in patients older than 40 years with knee pain.

Clinical relevance:

Primary care providers should strongly consider not ordering knee MRI in patients with radiographic evidence of degenerative changes.
Bloodstream infections and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in a tertiary care hospital of India
Authors: Vasudeva Nikita , Nirwan Prem Singh , Shrivastava Preeti
Published: July 2017

Background:

Invasion of the bloodstream by microorganisms constitutes one of the most serious situations in infectious disease. Microorganisms present in circulating blood whether continuously, intermittently, or transiently are a threat to every organ in the body. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms vary depending upon the geography and the use of antibiotics.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalent organisms causing bloodstream infection was conducted. BACTEC BD 9050 system was used to identify the causative organism, and sub-cultures were done on MacConkey Agar and Blood Agar. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was done using Kirby B Disk diffusion method.

Results:

A total of 170 patients were enrolled, and blood samples of 53 patients showed growth of organisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism. Most of the Gram-positive cocci (GPC) were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Most of the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) showed sensitivity to cefoperazone/sulbactam followed by imipenem.
A review of the contemporary management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Reekhaye Abhishek , Sriprasad Seshadri , Madaan Sanjeev
Published: July 2017

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is relatively rare and accounts for approximately 5% of all urothelial carcinomas. The estimated annual incidence of UTUC in Western countries is about two new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The management of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinomas has changed significantly over the last decade with improved diagnostic techniques and treatment options. The gold-standard treatment used to be open radical nephroureterectomy with removal of the ipsilateral bladder cuff. The use of minimally invasive techniques for the diagnosis and management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is however expanding and has led to a paradigm shift in treatment strategies of upper tract urothelial carcinomas. In this article, we review the current diagnostic modalities and various endoscopic techniques being currently used in the management of this relatively rare tumour.
Lexical Borrowing in the Speech of First-Generation Hungarian Immigrants in Australia
Authors: Hatoss Anikó
Published: July 2017

This article reports findings of a sociolinguistic project which investigated language contact phenomena in the speech of first-generation Hungarian Australians living in Sydney. The research aimed to identify and analyze English lexical items borrowed into the spoken Hungarian of first-generation Hungarian–English bilinguals. This research had a mixed methods approach including a quantitative element (count of lexical manifestations by categories such as part of speech) and a qualitative element in which the various lexical manifestations have been subjected to a linguistic analysis. The Hungarian National Corpus was used as a reference guide to determine the status of these phenomena in the lexicon of Standard Hungarian. The data were collected through semi-structured sociolinguistic interviews with 22 Hungarian Australians living in Sydney. The findings demonstrate that (a) first-generation Hungarians are highly creative language users and integrate a large number of English lexical items into their speech. Most lexical borrowings belong to the derivational blends with the highest proportion of the nominal group. Lexical borrowings from English are morphologically integrated with Hungarian-derivational suffixes and inflectional case markings. This research provides original empirical data to better understand the various inter-language lexical manifestations in Hungarian–English bilingual contexts. The study adds to the relatively small body of research on Hungarian–English bilingualism in diasporic context and contributes to understanding lexical borrowing from a contact linguistic perspective.
Communication Problems: Nurse—Employee—Management—Physician
Authors: Zachary Mabel C.
Published: July 2017

There is a hunger in people to be understood—and there is a hunger in them to understand others. Man is constantly striving to increase his knowledge of man and to improve his ways of communicating this knowledge. A meeting of minds and spirits among the people of the world holds in it greater power for good than the mightiest bomb holds within itself for evil.
Keeping Executives Healthy
Authors: Bryant Samuel W.
Published: July 2017

An annual medical checkup at company expense is the rule for top talent at a growing number of corporations. But, as Scott Paper Co. found out, setting up a program to safeguard the health of employees calls for some difficult decisions.
The Holistic Experience of Stress: Opportunity for Growth or Illness
Authors: Johnston Ruth L
Published: July 2017

Through the vantage point of a historical review of the concept of stress-related illness and the current situation, creation of opportunities to promote growth rather than illness is emphasized. Multiple pathways of response to bereavement are illustrated, with points of intervention indicated.
Building an Occupational Health Unit Library
Authors: Howlett Michael
Published: July 2017

It is unreasonable to expect occupational health nurses (OHNs) to memorize all the information needed for effective practice. OHNs should have adequate resource materials (library) available to aid them in quickly obtaining needed information.

The library could also be of use to other safety and health personnel, management and employees. Nine content areas for the library are described.
Alternative Delivery Systems: Update for the Occupational Health Nurse
Authors: Cornett Barbara
Published: July 2017

The occupational health nurse helps promote the workers' health as well as coordinate their health benefits. New options in health care delivery impact on these benefits and are an important field of study for the occupational health nurse.

The trend toward cost containment is examined in light of changing health care delivery systems. HMOs, IPAs and PPOs are compared and contrasted with emphasis on their cost-saving features. Important variables are included for employees to consider when selecting a plan.
An Introduction to the Principles of Occupational Ergonomics
Authors: Frederick Linda , Habes Daniel , Schloemer Joann
Published: July 2017

Occupational ergonomics is a discipline which attempts to adapt the job to the worker with the goal of promoting worker health, safety, and comfort as well as productivity. This paper presents an introduction to the principles of occupational ergonomics, and lists some items to consider when performing an ergonomic evaluation of the workplace. The goal of this communication is to increase the occupational health nurse's awareness of, and ability to identify and prevent, ergonomic hazards in the workplace.
Quality Assurance in Occupational Health Nursing
Authors: Migliozzi Adeline Alexander
Published: July 2017

Quality assurance is a necessary part of nursing services. An overview of quality assurance is presented including structure process and outcome approaches. Each approach is defined and an example given. The steps of conducting a quality assurance program are discussed as well as the concept of peer review. Peer review programs for a population such as occupational health nurses who work independently are presented.
Promoting Prenatal Care and Breastfeeding in the Workplace
Authors: Petschek Marybeth Albanese , Barber-Madden Rosemary
Published: July 2017

Growing attention to the issue of breastfeeding and the working mother can be attributed, in part, to the growing numbers of women entering and remaining in the labor force. Current labor statistics show that 41% of mothers who participate in the labor force have children under one year of age. As more mothers of young children elect to work, the need for more receptive policies at the worksite concerning the health needs of these women and their children becomes evident. This paper discusses the role that the occupational health nurse can play in making breastfeeding feasible for working mothers.
Legal Scope of Practice for the Occupational Health Nurse Practitioner
Authors: Davidson Karen
Published: July 2017

Legal issues concerning occupational health practice are frequently voiced; therefore, occupational health nurse practitioners (OHNPs) must systematically examine the legal basis for their actions. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the legal scope of practice for OHNPs. The following topics pertaining to OHNP practice will be discussed: State practice acts, negligence, nurse-physician relationships, education and certification, record keeping, confidentiality of medical records, and workers' compensation. Without knowledge of this information, OHNPs cannot hope to legitimize their expanded roles.
Blood Product Utilization Among Trauma and Nontrauma Massive Transfusion Protocols at an Urban Academic Medical Center
Authors: Patel Eshan U. , Ness Paul M. , Marshall Christi E. , Gniadek Thomas , Efron David T. , Miller Peter M. , Zeitouni Joseph A. , King Karen E. , Bloch Evan M. , Tobian Aaron A. R.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:

Hospital-wide massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) primarily designed for trauma patients may lead to excess blood products being prepared for nontrauma patients. This study characterized blood product utilization among distinct trauma and nontrauma MTPs at a large, urban academic medical center.

METHODS:

A retrospective study of blood product utilization was conducted in patients who required an MTP activation between January 2011 and December 2015 at an urban academic medical center. Trauma MTP containers included 6 red blood cell (RBC) units, 5 plasma units, and 1 unit of apheresis platelets. Nontrauma MTP containers included 6 RBC and 3 plasma units.

RESULTS:

There were 334 trauma MTP activations, 233 nontrauma MTP activations, and 77 nontrauma MTP activations that subsequently switched to a trauma MTP (“switched activations”). All nontrauma MTP activations were among bleeding patients who did not have a traumatic injury (100% [233/233]). Few patients with a nontrauma activation required ad hoc transfusion of RBC units (1.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.3%–3.7%]) or plasma (3.4% [95% CI, 1.5%–6.7%]), and only 45.5% (95% CI, 39.0%–52.1%) required ad hoc transfusion of apheresis platelets. Compared to trauma and switched activations, nontrauma activations transfused a lower median number of RBC, plasma, and apheresis platelet units (P < .001 for all comparisons). There was also a lower median number of prepared but unused plasma units for nontrauma activations (3; [interquartile range {IQR}, 3–5]) compared to trauma (7; [IQR, 5–10]; P < .001) and switched activations (8; [IQR, 5–11]; P < .001). The median number of unused apheresis platelet units was 1 (IQR, 1–2) for trauma activations and 0 (IQR, 0–1) for switched activations. There was a high proportion of trauma and switched activations in which all of the prepared apheresis platelet units were unused (28.1% [95% CI, 23.4%–33.3%] and 9.1% [95% CI, 3.7%–17.8%], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

The majority of initial nontrauma MTP activations did not require a switch to a trauma MTP. Patients remaining under a nontrauma MTP activation were associated with a lower number of transfused and unused plasma and apheresis platelet units. Future studies evaluating the use of hospital-wide nontrauma MTPs are warranted since an MTP designed for nontrauma patient populations may yield a key strategy to optimize blood product utilization in comparison to a universal MTP for both trauma and nontrauma patients.
Organizational Contributors to the Variation in Red Blood Cell Transfusion Practices in Cardiac Surgery: Survey Results From the State of Michigan
Authors: Camaj Anton , Zahuranec Darin B. , Paone Gaetano , Benedetti Barbara R. , Behr Warren D. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Zhang Min , Kramer Robert S. , Penn Jason , Theurer Patricia F. , Paugh Theron A. , Engoren Milo , DeLucia Alphonse , Prager Richard L. , Likosky Donald S.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:

While large volumes of red blood cell transfusions are given to preserve life for cardiac surgical patients, indications for lower volume transfusions (1–2 units) are less well understood. We evaluated the relationship between center-level organizational blood management practices and center-level variability in low volume transfusion rates.

METHODS:

All 33 nonfederal, Michigan cardiac surgical programs were surveyed about their blood management practices for isolated, nonemergent coronary bypass procedures, including: (1) presence and structure of a patient blood management program, (2) policies and procedures, and (3) audit and feedback practices. Practices were compared across low (N = 14, rate: 0.8%–10.1%) and high (N = 18, rate: 11.0%–26.3%) transfusion rate centers.

RESULTS:

Thirty-two (97.0%) of 33 institutions participated in this study. No statistical differences in organizational practices were identified between low- and high-rate groups, including: (1) the membership composition of patient blood management programs among those reporting having a blood management committee (P= .27–1.0), (2) the presence of available red blood cell units within the operating room (4 of 14 low-rate versus 2 of 18 high-rate centers report that they store no units per surgical case, P= .36), and (3) the frequency of internal benchmarking reporting about blood management audit and feedback practices (low rate: 8 of 14 versus high rate: 9 of 18; P= .43).

CONCLUSIONS:

We did not identify meaningful differences in organizational practices between low- and high-rate intraoperative transfusion centers. While a larger sample size may have been able to identify differences in organizational practices, efforts to reduce variation in 1- to 2-unit, intraoperative transfusions may benefit from evaluating other determinants, including organizational culture and provider transfusion practices.
Lavalle's Remains: The Political Uses of the Body in Exile and Return
Authors: Blumenthal Edward
Published: July 2017

This article analyzes through the prism of exile and return the journey of General Juan Lavalle's remains from the battlefield to Bolivia, Chile, and then Buenos Aires. After the death of Lavalle at the hands of Federalist militias in Jujuy province in 1841, his followers carried his bones and heart with them to Bolivia. His remains became a focal point of exile politics in Bolivia and Chile, where republican funerals were held in Lavalle's honor. The return of Lavalle's remains, sponsored by the Buenos Aires government and organized by émigrés in Chile, became part of the conflict between the province and the Argentine Confederation in the 1850s. Exile and return, embodied by the remains, were important yet conflictual experiences that legitimized the post-Rosas order. The role played by émigrés in the repatriation of Lavalle and the debates over his memory highlight the politics of transnational exile at the heart of the new republic's organization.
Two Cities Networked: The Historical Novel and Form in French Revolutionary Politics
Authors: Grossman Jonathan H.
Published: July 2017

Critics have long conceded that the characters in A Tale of Two Cities are noticeably not fleshed out as individuals by the historical context of the French Revolution, and recently we have begun to figure out why: Dickens is depicting the French Revolution as a struggle to transfer political power from one group, the aristocrats of the ancien régime, to another group, the people. This essay further suggests that this flattening of characters as individuals accords not only with an anti-individualist political history in which the French Revolution is understood as a battle between groups but also with a structuring historical perspective oriented to the subsequent rise of a public transport system that is fundamentally designed to ignore the individual psychology and individual purposes of its passengers and instead to array interchangeably the mobility of their bodies. The essay thus, first, reconstructs how A Tale of Two Cities surprisingly constitutes its historical perspective around transformations wrought by the nineteenth-century networking revolution in public transport; second, explains how this historical perspective frames the opposing groups as locked in stasis and the people as unable to see how to relinquish control of the streets back to individuals; and, finally, shows how in the novel's conclusion Dickens dramatizes two germane formal relations essential to this public transport revolution: its passengers' interchangeability, or substitutability, and the new simultaneity of their separate but networked activity. Juxtaposing the politics of the French Revolution with the form of the public transport, this historical novel relates the history of the French Revolution as about a transition in formal relations. A Tale of Two Cities thereby lays bare the genre of the historical novel: it addresses the history of the abstraction of formal relations and the creation of a society preoccupied with such formal abstraction.
Meeting report – Emerging Concepts in Cell Organization
Authors: Teis David , Kukulski Wanda
Published: July 2017

New concepts in cell organization emerged in a medieval castle during a snowy week in January 2017 in the middle of the Austrian Alps. The occasion was the 10th Annaberg EMBO workshop in Goldegg am See; organized by Gabriele Seethaler, Catherine Rabouille and Marino Zerial. There were 95 participants, including many who gave talks and presented posters, enjoying a familial and trusting atmosphere that stimulated lively exchange of (unpublished) results, new ideas and thoughts.
Design of Sense Searching Situations by Introducing Children to Cultural Traditions of the Don Cossacks
Authors: Бурова  , Burova Natalya
Published: July 2017

The article highlights the technological basis on which a teacher can make up sense searching situations by introducing children to cultural traditions of the don Cossacks. The article is addressed to teachers, researchers and practitioner teachers in educational institutions of various levels.
PHENETIC RESEARCH OF PAIRED FINS OF A SILVER CRUCIAN
Authors: Сидорова  , Sidorova Mariya , Панасенко  , Panasenko Kristina , Янкова  , Yankova Natalya
Published: July 2017

In the course of the study, data on phenetic patterns of the genotype in the paired fins of bone fishes were obtained for the first time. When analyzing a sample of silver crucian carp in the skeleton of the thoracic and pelvic fins, about 10 phenetic manifestations of the genotype were found. Of these, 7 are phenos in the pectoral fins and 3 in the ventrals. The findings also indicate possible genetic differences between the sexes.
Russian ‘Manipulative Smart Power’: Zviagintsev’s Oscar nomination, (non-)government agency and contradictions of the globalized world
Authors: Strukov Vlad
Published: July 2017

Through an analysis of government documents regulating the film industry, I examine the structure and reach of Russian soft power in relation to BRICS and the West. I introduce the concept of ‘manipulative soft power’ to account for Russia’s re-orientation politically and also cinematically. The article explores a number of theoretical concerns including soft power and agency in the era of social media, soft power and the ‘attention economy’ where ‘attention currency’ is valued more than the product to which it is attached, and soft power and controversy and notoriety. I focus on a particular event: the release of Zviagintsev’s Leviathan, its nomination for the 2015 Oscars, and the associated controversy that engulfed Russia and the Russian speaking world in 2014–15 and that bled into international media, especially Anglophone media, thus re-focusing global attention on Russia. I analyse the government and media discourse surrounding the release of Leviathan, and I conclude by reflecting on Russian soft power and the country’s role in the process of globalization.
Bollywood’s soft power: Branding the nation, sustaining a meta-hegemony
Authors: Devasundaram Ashvin I.
Published: July 2017

I present my theory of a ‘meta-hegemony’ to examine the hierarchy of dominance in Indian cinema. This concept asserts that Bollywood dominates Indian cinema and culture whilst being subservient to a larger global Hollywood hegemony. I will investigate the meta-hegemony’s three distinctive facets within the internal contours of Indian cinema. The first feature is Bollywood’s monopoly over the Indian film industry’s modes of production, distribution, exhibition and capital generation. The second is Bollywood’s ideological propagation of a post-globalization master narrative through its role as national cultural signifier of India’s neo-liberal turn. The third facet of the meta-hegemony is Bollywood’s validation by the state as an instrument of soft power signifying Bollywood’s branding as national and global commodity. In the process, I posit the emergence of a New Wave of independent Indian cinema as a counter-narrative to Bollywood’s articulation of consumer capitalism. Ultimately, I argue that Bollywood’s brand of soft power is indexical of India’s transition to neo-liberalism and indicative of the nation’s agonistic arbitration between the traditional and the material.
Application of Methods of Management Education in the Selected Organization
Authors: Milistenferová Ema , Socha Luboš , Socha Vladimír , Tobisová Alica
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the issue of educating managers. The first part of the article discusses the requirements for managers skills, managerial competencies, a successful manager profile, and the importance of manager training. The second part of the article evaluates the questionnaire survey conducted at VSE Holding a.s. Focused on the effectiveness of the education of company managers. Based on the survey, individual areas of company manager education are proposed within the programs.
Determination of some heavy metals in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794) in terms of public health
Authors: Eroğlu M. , Düşükcan M. , Canpolat í–. , í‡alta M. , Åžen D.
Published: July 2017

In this study, the accumulation of some heavy metals in spiny eel (Mastacembelus mastacembelus Banks and Solander, 1794) living in Karakaya Dam Lake was determined and human health risk of this fish when consumed as food was examined. For this purpose, the amounts of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium(Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) in water samples and in the muscle tissues of the fishes were determined. The amounts of heavy metals showed differences in the muscle tissues of Mastacembelus mastacembelus according to weight, length, sex and age groups of fish. In conclusion the amounts of heavy metals in the flesh of spiny eels were found lower than that recommended by EPA, WHO, FAO and TFC.
Vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism may be associated with an decreased osteoporosis risk in South China
Authors: An M. , Song X-B. , Chen X-Y.
Published: July 2017

Although many epidemiology studies have evaluated the correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI polymorphism and osteoporosis, the current results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis updated and reevaluated the possible association between VDR BsmI polymorphism and osteoporosis in Chinese populations. Studies were identified using PubMed and Chinese databases through December 2016. The associations were assessed with pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of nine studies with 688 osteoporosis cases and 730 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association was found between VDR BsmI polymorphism and osteoporosis when all studies in Chinese populations were pooled into this meta-analysis. In subgroup analyses, significantly decreased risk was found in South China (bb vs. BB: OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06-0.76; bb+Bb vs.BB: OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.09-0.81). This meta-analysis suggests that VDR BsmI polymorphism may have a protective role against the development of osteoporosis in South China.
Determination of IL-6, TNF-Î± and VEGF levels in the serums of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Coşkun í–. , í–ztopuz í–. , í–zkan í–. F.
Published: July 2017

Cytokines are multifunctional polypeptides synthesized by different body cells. They have clinical significance in terms of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Cytokines TNF-Î± and IL-6 play an important role in the growth and differentiation of cells.Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is excessively produced in epithelial, mesenchymal, and particularly in tumor cells. Studies have shown that the increased serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-Î±, VEGF are strongly associated with colorectal cancer  and directly with the clinical stage of the disease. This can be used to diagnose cancer and to identify patients with a bad prognosis who can avail themselves of a more aggressive treatment. The present study investigated the role of cytokines in the development of cancer by comparing preoperative serum cytokine levels of patients suffering from colorectal cancer with those of the healthy control group. The prognostic significance of the data obtained has also been evaluated. For this purpose, IL-6, TNF-Î± and VEGF levels in 60 serums, 30 preoperatively taken from patients with colorectal cancer and 30 from a healthy control group at í‡anakkale Onsekiz Mart University General Surgery Clinic, were determined by ELISA kits. The statistical analyses of the obtained data were evaluated on SPSS, a statistical package program. In this study, no significant difference was obtained between the mean scores concerning the IL-6 and VEGF serums of the colorectal cancer and healthy group (p>.05). But a statistically significant decrease was observed in the TNF-Î± serum level of the colorectal cancer group in comparison with the control group (p= .016; p < .05).
miR-675 promotes disease progression of non-small cell lung cancer via activating NF-ÎºB signaling pathway
Authors: Feng Y. , Yang C. , Hu D. , Wang X. , Liu X.
Published: July 2017

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major type of lung cancer significantly affected human life. Current studies have revealed potential role of miR-675 in the etiology of lung cancer. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-675 in NSCLC cell line. We recruited 92 cases of NSCLC patients from July 2009 to February 2011 in the oncology department. Tumor and peripheral tissue was collected for miR-675 expression. NSCLC cell lines with either miR-675 over-expression or low-expression were established. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used for detecting P65 and pP65 expression and translocation in the nuclei. MiR-675 expression was significantly higher in the lung cancer tissue than the peripheral normal tissue (P < 0.001). The gene expression of pP65 was also increased and decreased in cells with over-expression or low-expression of miR-675, respectively (both P < 0.05). Whereas the trend of P65 expression was on the opposite (both P < 0.05), indicating the NF-ÎºB signaling pathway was activated when miR-675 was expressed and vice versa. Immunofluorescence staining showed that more pP65 expression was clustered in the nuclei in miR-675 over-expressed cells, which further demonstrated NF-ÎºB signaling pathway activation. Increased miR-675 expression is associated with NSCLC progression through activation of NF-ÎºB signaling pathway.
Sequence comparison of phoR, gyrB, groEL, and cheA genes as phylogenetic markers for distinguishing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis and for identifying Bacillus strain B29
Authors: Yu C. , Jin J. , Meng L-Q. , Xia H-H. , Yuan H-F. , Wang J. , Yu D-S. , Zhao X-Y. , Sha C-Q.
Published: July 2017

Given the close genetic relationship between Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis, distinguishing the two solely based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences is difficult. Molecular identification was used to discover suitable genes for distinguishing the two bacteria, and to identify the bio-controlling strain B29, due to molecular identification has been paid more and more attention. The similarity of four genes, cheA, gyrB, groEL and phoR, of the two species was compared by the software BLASTN and MAGA, and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The B29 strain was re-identified by using the screened genes. The similarities of the four genes, gyrB, groEL, cheA and phoR, of the two species were 93-95%, 82-84%, 76-78% and 76-77%, respectively. The homologies of the four genes of the strain B29 and the strains of B. amyloliquefaciens strains were more than 95%. We determined how well the phoR and cheA genes could be used to differentiate B. amyloliquefacien and B. subtilis. The previously isolated biological control strain B29, initially classified as B. subtilis, was re-classified as B. amyloliquefaciens. Our data indicate that other than the phoR gene, the cheA gene might be a useful phylogenetic marker for differentiating B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens.