bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peri-orbital Aesthetic Rejuvenation Surgical Protocol and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Troell Robert J.
Published: April 2017

The aim was to examine the validity of a peri-orbital rejuvenation protocol with clinical surgical results evaluating patient satisfaction and complications. Retrospective patient data and chart review was performed on 367 patients who underwent a blepharoplasty procedure. Outcome measures were dependent upon direct patient responses on postoperative visits, photographic documentation, and physical examination findings. The other outcome measure was termed a successful surgical outcome. This definition included the procedure goal was met, no postoperative complication was observed, there was no need for a revision, and the patient was satisfied with the outcome. From a cosmetic result standpoint, 99.5% (365 of 367 patients) were satisfied with the outcome. There were a total of 456 blepharoplasty surgeries: 203 upper, 75 lower, and 89 quad blepharoplasties. The patients defined with a successful outcome totaled 94.0% (345 of 367 patients). There was a complication incidence of 2.5%. Revision surgery occurred in 3% of upper blepharoplasties and in 1.8% of lower blepharoplasties. Adjuvant procedures performed either at the same time or as a staged procedure to complete the peri-orbital rejuvenation protocol were as follows: browlift surgery 24, brow or hairline dermal filler placement 4, facial silastic implant surgery 9, mid-facelift 16, lateral canthopexy 7, facelift 41, laser skin resurfacing 53, trichloroacetic acid peels 19, radiofrequency skin treatments 19, lower eyelid fat transposition 10, and facial fat transfer 25. The peri-orbital rejuvenation surgical protocol, surgical blepharoplasty techniques, and adjuvant procedure techniques performed revealed a high benefit to risk profile and high patient satisfaction rate.
A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a 3-Tesla Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) System: The Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the Left Cerebellum
Authors: Ito Hiromichi , Mori Kenji , Harada Masafumi , Hisaoka Sonoka , Toda Yoshihiro , Mori Tatsuo , Goji Aya , Abe Yoko , Miyazaki Masahito , Kagami Shoji
Published: April 2017

The pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate metabolite concentration ratios in the anterior cingulate cortex and left cerebellum in ASD. In the ACC and left cerebellum studies, the ASD group and intelligence quotient- and age-matched control group consisted of 112 and 114 subjects and 65 and 45 subjects, respectively. In the ASD group, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)+/ creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) was significantly decreased in the anterior cingulate cortex, and glutamate (Glu)/Cr was significantly increased and GABA+/Cr was significantly decreased in the left cerebellum compared to those in the control group. In addition, both groups showed negative correlations between Glu/Cr and GABA+/Cr in the left cerebellum, and positive correlations between GABA+/Cr in the anterior cingulate cortex and left cerebellum. ASD subjects have hypoGABAergic alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex and hyperglutamatergic/hypoGABAergic alterations in the left cerebellum.
“Gavroche Outside”: Street Capital(ism) and the Ethnobiography of a French Thug
Authors: Beauchez Jérôme
Published: April 2017

This article presents the ethnobiography of a thug, thief, drug addict, and heroin dealer named Gavroche, who built up his “street capital” on the French punk and zonard scene. The text gives pride of place to Gavroche’s own words and as such is a firsthand document providing direct access to the meanings he gave to his own actions. Firmly grounded in these narratives of experience, the sociological interpretation that accompanies them examines the idea that the principles of capitalist entrepreneurship are reflected in criminal activities and shows that Gavroche’s life can be viewed as an existential paradigm of “street capitalism,” which reduces competitive relationships to their most violent and crude expression. In this article, ethnobiography therefore comes face-to-face with the “grand realities” of Capitalism, Entrepreneurship, Competition, and the Violence of the Marketplace but, as Clifford Geertz would put it, it “takes the capital letters off” these concepts, focusing instead on the intense details contained in the space of one life lived on the street and through illegal dealings.
Control architectures for Industrial Additive Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Eyers Daniel
Published: April 2017

As the emergent technologies of Industrial Additive Manufacturing become increasingly employed in commercial manufacturing environments, challenges arise in terms of how resources of the manufacturing system should be marshalled and controlled for sustainable manufacturing. While control architectures are well established for conventional manufacturing, to-date there has been little explicit consideration for Industrial Additive Manufacturing. This article provides redress for this research gap by exploring four feasible control architectures employed in current manufacturing practice. Drawing upon 12 case studies and the operations of three companies, the relative merits, demerits, and challenges for each architecture are explored in terms of changeability criteria for sustainable manufacturing.
Impact of the carbon nanotube reinforcement in glass/epoxy polymeric nanocomposite on the quality of fiber laser drilling
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Singh Kalyan Kumar , Zitoune Redouane
Published: April 2017

In this work, the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotube is presented on laser drilling of multi-walled carbon nanotube–doped glass/epoxy polymeric nanocomposite. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in polymer matrix to improve the thermal conductivity and heat transfer characteristics of materials, which also reduces the divergence in decomposition temperature of matrix and glass fiber. Effect of carbon nanotube on laser drilling–induced damages was assessed by considering heat-affected zone, taper angle, and surface roughness as output parameters. Scanning acoustic microscopy showed the useful technique to examine the laser drilling damage around the hole by providing ply-by-ply damage analysis. In addition, scanning electron microscope provided more details to better analyze the machining quality of laser-drilled hole. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis provided the elemental analysis of charred material which is deposited on the hole wall. Obtained results indicate that the quality of hole was improved significantly due to addition of multi-walled carbon nanotube in polymer matrix.
Electrostatic high-velocity solid lubricant machining system for performance improvement of turning Ti–6Al–4V alloy
Authors: Gunda Rakesh Kumar , Narala Suresh Kumar Reddy
Published: April 2017

In any machining operation, a major division of energy is converted into heat which creates detrimental effects on tool wear, tool life and surface quality of machined work material. Effective cooling/lubrication in the machining zone is essential to improve friction and temperatures by efficient heat dissipation which increases tool life and surface quality. But adverse health effects caused by use of flood cooling are drawing manufacturers’ attention to develop methods for controlling occupational exposure to cutting fluids. In demanding the improvement of productivity and product quality of machining, use of solid lubricant thin film was suggested as one of the necessary alternative machining techniques to apply lubricants effectively to the high-temperature zone. There is a general concern in the machining process in terms of applying lubricants effectively to the machining zone. Therefore, this research work contributes to the development of a novel approach to apply lubricants effectively to the rake face and flank face of the cutting tool without polluting the environment. Electrostatic high-velocity solid lubricant assisted machining is a novel technique used in the machining process with a very low flow rate (1–20 mL/h) to enhance the process performance of turning difficult-to-cut materials. The performance of electrostatic high-velocity solid lubricant technique is studied in comparison to minimum quantity solid lubricant, minimum quantity lubricant and dry and wet (flood cooling) to assess the performance considering surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear as performance indices. The experimental results revealed that electrostatic high-velocity solid lubricant with MoS2 solid lubricant at low volume and constant flow rate has observed high potential to apply lubricants effectively in the machining zone when compared with the considered environmental conditions. This work is expected to form a scientific basis toward developing electrostatic high-velocity solid lubricant technique for reducing the manufacturing impact in the machining of aerospace components such as Ti–6Al–4V alloy in terms of both machinability and environmental perspectives.
Multicriteria optimization of mechanical properties of aluminum composites reinforced with different reinforcing particles type
Authors: Akbari Mostafa , Asadi Parviz , Zolghadr Parisa , Khalkhali Abolfazl
Published: April 2017

In this investigation, the mechanical and microstructural properties of aluminum composites reinforced by different reinforcing particles including SiC, TiC, ZrO2, and B4C were optimized using neural network and NSGA-II. In order to obtain the best microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminum composites, different friction stir processing parameters such as rotational and traverse speed and different reinforcing particles type were used in order to fabricate composites. Results show that friction stir processing significantly affect Si particles size as well as dispersion and fraction of reinforcing particles at the stir zone. Moreover, reinforcing particle types influence the mechanical properties of composites due to difference in hardness and thermal expansion of each reinforcement as well as bonding quality between each reinforcement and aluminum matrix. In order to model the correlation between the friction stir processing parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties of the composites, an artificial neural network model was developed. A modified NSGA-II by incorporating diversity preserving mechanism called the ɛ elimination algorithm was employed to obtain the Pareto-optimal set of friction stir processing parameters. Finally, an approach based on TOPSIS method was applied for determining the best compromised solution from the obtained Pareto-optimal set.
An integral sliding mode controller based disturbances rejection compound scheme for inertially stabilized platform in aerial remote sensing
Authors: Zhou Xiangyang , Jia Yuan , Li Yong
Published: April 2017

An integral sliding mode controller based disturbance rejection compound scheme is proposed to attenuate the influences of nonlinear disturbances and parameter uncertainties on stability accuracy of the three-axis inertially stabilized platform for the aerial remote sensing applications. The compound scheme is composed of an integral sliding mode controller and a disturbance measurement unit. The integral sliding mode controller is used to ensure robust stability against exterior nonlinear disturbances and parameter uncertainties, in which the saturation function is employed to reduce the chattering. The disturbance measurement unit is served as the disturbance measurement components of the rate loop and current loop of three closed-loop structure in the inertially stabilized platform control system, by which the interior high-frequency disturbances are compensated in real time. To verify the method, simulations and experiments are conducted. In simulations, the LuGre friction model is introduced to analyze the effects of disturbances. Further, a series of experiments are carried out. The results show that the compound scheme has excellent ability in both of disturbances rejection and robust stabilization, by which the stability accuracy of the inertially stabilized platform is improved significantly.
Optimal design and experiment of propellers for high altitude airship
Authors: Jiao Jun , Song Bi-Feng , Zhang Yu-Gang , Li Yu-Bin
Published: April 2017

The multi-objective optimization design method and experimental validation of the propeller for high altitude airships are presented in this paper. The method of predicting the propeller’s aerodynamic characteristics is based on the vortex theory. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is introduced and applied to solve the optimization problem. Then the optimization model which aims to design an efficient and lightweight propeller for high altitude airships is established based on the conditions of high altitude airships propulsion system. In addition, the effects of various design variables including pitch angle, chord length, diameter, rotational speed, and the number of blades on high altitude propeller performance are presented and discussed in a gradual manner. The optimization results indicate that the desirable tradeoff between the efficiency and weight of high altitude propeller is associated with the absorbed power, structural strength, and even the manufacturing and installation conditions. In order to evaluate the mathematical model and performance of the optimized propeller, wind tunnel experiments of scaled model on the basis of scaling laws and the full-scale propeller test using mobile testing system were carried out. It is shown that results obtained from the experiments agree well with those of the numerical calculation, which verifies that the designed propeller can satisfy the requirements of the high altitude airships’ propulsion system.
Assignment and layout integration optimization for simplified satellite re-entry module component layout
Authors: Xu Zhi-Zheng , Zhong Chong-Quan , Teng Hong-Fei
Published: April 2017

Previous studies of satellite module component (equipment) layout optimization usually initialized a component assignment in the initialization stage, which kept constant in following optimization process. The invariable component assignment will restrict the further improvement in layout optimization. To overcome this deficiency, an assignment and layout integration optimization method is presented for multi-module or supporting surface satellite module component layout design. The assignment and layout integration optimization model and the component reassignment model are built. The component reassignment model is solved by algorithms with new heuristic rule, and the integration optimization model itself is solved by evolutionary algorithm. The purpose of this article is to improve the computational performance of algorithms for multi-module or supporting surface satellite module component layout optimization. The proposed method is applied to a simplified satellite re-entry module component layout optimization problem to illustrate its effectiveness.
Holocene climatic change in the Alaskan Arctic as inferred from oxygen-isotope and lake-sediment analyses at Wahoo Lake
Authors: Vachula Richard S , Chipman Melissa L , Hu Feng Sheng
Published: April 2017

Despite recent progress in understanding high-latitude climate variability, paleoclimate records are scarce from the Alaskan Arctic. We conducted isotopic and sediment analyses at Wahoo Lake to infer Holocene climate variability in northeastern Alaska. Water δ18O and δD values from the lake and its inlet/outlet streams suggest that winter precipitation dominates modern water inputs and that evaporation has limited influence on the lake’s hydrological budget. The isotopic composition of Pisidium exhibits marked variations during the past 11,500 years, with δ18O ranging between −18.7‰ and −16.2‰ and δ13C between −7.1‰ and −2.3‰ (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB)). Elevated δ18O and sediment composition from 11.5 to 8.9 kcal. BP suggest evaporative 18O enrichment and arid conditions. Rising lake levels are evidenced by the disappearance of Pisidium and a transition to low-carbonate gyttja ca. 6.3 kcal. BP and by the onset of sediment deposition on an adjacent shelf by 5.3 kcal. BP. These changes coincided with enhanced effective moisture in interior and southern Alaska as inferred from lake-level records and may be related to broad-scale atmospheric circulation changes. In the shelf sediments, carbonate abundance increases markedly at 3.5 kcal. BP, and δ18O increases from −18.0‰ to −16.5‰ at 2.1 kcal. BP, possibly resulting from increased temperature and/or summer precipitation. After 2.1 kcal. BP, δ18O fluctuates with an overall decreasing trend to −17.2‰ at 0.9 kcal. BP. Late-Holocene variations in our δ18O record display coherent patterns with regional glacier fluctuations at centennial to millennial scales, suggesting that δ18O minima were related to a combination of low temperatures and enhanced winter snowfall. Holocene variations in organic matter abundance at Wahoo Lake also show broad similarities to total solar irradiance, implying that suborbital solar variability played a role in modulating regional climate and aquatic productivity.
6-Gingerol improves testicular function in mice model of chronic ulcerative colitis
Authors: Farombi EO , Adedara IA , Ajayi BO , Idowu TE , Eriomala OO , Akinbote FO
Published: April 2017

The persistent inflammation and oxidative stress at the local site in ulcerative colitis reportedly extend to the testes via systemic circulation resulting in testicular dysfunction. The influence of 6-gingerol (6G), a phenolic compound isolated from Zingiber officinale, on colitis-mediated testicular dysfunction in mice was investigated in this study. Chronic ulcerative colitis was induced in mice using 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for three cycles. Each cycle consisted of 7 consecutive days of exposure to DSS-treated water followed by 14 consecutive days of normal drinking water. 6G (100 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (SZ; 100 mg/kg) was orally administered alone or in combination with DSS-treated water during the three cycles. SZ served as standard reference drug for colitis in this study. 6G significantly prevented the incidence of rectal bleeding, decrease in the body weight gain and colon mass index in DSS-exposed mice. 6G significantly prevented colitis-mediated decreases in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone and decreases oxidative stress indices, pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3 activity with concomitant augmentation of antioxidant enzymes activities, sperm characteristics, marker enzymes of testicular function and histoarchitecture in DSS-exposed mice. 6G exerted protective influence against ulcerative colitis-induced testicular damage via mechanisms involving its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Seizures in patients with acute pesticide intoxication, with a focus on glufosinate ammonium
Authors: Park S , Kim DE , Park SY , Gil HW , Hong SY
Published: April 2017

The incidence and clinical aspects of seizures remain to be elucidated in patients with acute pesticide intoxication. The present study included subjects who ingested pesticide with the intention of committing suicide and were treated at Soonchunhyang University Hospital (Cheonan, Korea) between January 2011 and December 2014. We analyzed the incidence and characterized the type and frequency of seizure, from the medical records of 464 patients with acute pesticide intoxication, according to the pesticide class. The effect of seizure on the clinical outcome was assessed. The incidence of seizure was 31.5% in patients who ingested glufosinate ammonium {2-amino-4-[hydroxyl (methyl) phosphinoyl] butyrate; ammonium DL-homoalanin-4-yl (methyl) phosphinate}, followed by those who ingested pyrethroid (5.9%) or glycine derivatives (5.4%). All of the seizures developed between 12 and 24 h of pesticide ingestion and had ceased by 72 h after seizure initiation, following treatment with antiseizure medication. Generalized tonic–clonic seizures were the most commonly observed (85.7% of the cases). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the effect of seizure on mortality was not statistically significant. In conclusion, glufosinate ammonium herbicide is the most common seizurogenic pesticide class. Seizure itself was not a risk factor for mortality in patients with acute glufosinate ammonium intoxication.
Hegel’s Hipsters
Authors: Thorpe Amelia
Published: April 2017

Property is both revered and reviled. Praised for its connections to autonomy, agency, power and community, property attracts scorching critiques for its implication in exclusion, inequality and injustice. This article provides a new perspective from which to examine this dual nature of property. Drawing on fieldwork in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, property is examined in the context of citizen and community-led ‘do-it-yourself’ interventions in the urban environment. Perhaps even more than in formal planning processes, claims about ownership are central to these activities. Finding multiple forms of property at work in the city, and noting that formal legal title is often less important than more informal ownership, this article sheds new light on some of the oldest debates in property. Amongst echoes of Lockean labour-based theory, Hegelian personhood theory emerges as particularly helpful in explaining the intimate connections between property and identity, community and power in the city.
Failing to Prepare for the Great War? The Absence of Grand Strategy in British War Planning before 1914
Authors: Seligmann Matthew S.
Published: April 2017

It is a commonplace that the Royal Navy entered the Great War intending to strangle the German economy through a strategy of blockade. This was not so. Prior to 1912 blockade was mainly seen as a means of attaining operational intelligence; economic warfare was secondary. For legal reasons blockade had to be abandoned in 1912. Thereafter, only contraband control remained as a means of waging economic warfare, and this was seen purely as a way of luring the Germans to battle. In 1914 the Royal Navy had no grand strategy, a fact that explains its hesitant performance in the war.
New efficiency measures of energy conversion and their characterization for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters
Authors: Kim Jae Eun
Published: April 2017

To assess the performance of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) for analysis and design, a well-defined efficiency measure of mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion is desired. Depending on the purpose of use, this work newly derives two efficiency measures of energy conversion, one of which is defined as the ratio of electrical output power to mechanical input power of a PVEH with an optimal impedance–matched load resistor and the other of which is defined as the ratio of electrical output power of a PVEH with an optimal impedance–matched load resistor to mechanical input power of the same PVEH under the short-circuit condition. The proposed efficiency measures are extensively verified by finite element analysis results for four resonance-tuned PVEHs with different piezoelectric materials. New findings on the characteristics of energy conversion and conversion efficiency are also provided for two different impedance matching methods.
Sleep Habits and Nighttime Texting Among Adolescents
Authors: Garmy Pernilla , Ward Teresa M.
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to examine sleep habits (i.e., bedtimes and rising times) and their association with nighttime text messaging in 15- to 17-year-old adolescents. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from a web-based survey of adolescent students attending secondary schools in southern Sweden ( N = 278, 50% female). Less than 8 hr of time in bed during school nights was significantly associated with more sleep difficulties, wake time variability on school days and weekends, daytime tiredness, and less enjoyment at school (all ps < .05). Sending and/or receiving text messages (Short Message Service [SMS]) at night was significantly associated with later bedtimes, shorter time in bed, daytime tiredness during school, and irregular sleep habits ( p < .05). These findings highlight the importance of regular, consistent sleep habits and the problems associated with sleeping with a cell phone in the bedroom.
Online Reviewer Engagement
Authors: Mathwick Charla , Mosteller Jill
Published: April 2017

Consumers who generate online reviews provide a vital information service for the buying public, influencing nearly half of all purchase decisions. This study focuses on factors that motivate online reviewer engagement (ORE). ORE is a contextually dependent psychological state characterized by varying degrees of altruistic and egoistic market-helping motives coupled with an individual’s intrinsic motivation to review when the needs for autonomy, competence, and social relatedness are fulfilled. Amazon.com ’s top reviewer community, which uses a public ranking system to motivate, recognize, and influence reviewer behavior, provides the study’s context. Three reviewer types— indifferent independents (IIs), challenge seekers (CSs), and community collaborators (CCs)—all report altruistic motives; however, egoistic motives associated with rank and psychological need fulfillment vary. IIs fulfill autonomy needs by using the platform for self-expression, with rank exerting little influence. CSs view rank as a game to master. CCs, who have fully integrated the ranking system, perceive reviewing as an enjoyable, socially embedded experience that merits advocacy. This study extends engagement theory by linking market-helping motives and psychological need fulfillment with high levels of behavioral engagement. Thus, findings may help managers tailor reviewing environments to attract and retain a diverse and highly engaged reviewing community.
How Gifts Influence Relationships With Service Customers and Financial Outcomes for Firms
Authors: Marchand André , Paul Michael , Hennig-Thurau Thorsten , Puchner Georg
Published: April 2017

Service companies invest billions of dollars to develop and maintain long-term customer relationships by offering corporate gifts. Yet several questions remain regarding such relationship marketing instruments: What impact do different kinds of gifts have on customers? Which perceptions allow gifts to affect customer behavior? What financial outcomes do these gifts imply for firms? To answer these questions, the authors use data from 1,950 airline customers—combining a longitudinal field experiment with internal customer database information—and explore the effects of different gift designs on customer perceptions and actual spending behavior. The experiment manipulates four gift designs (economic related/unrelated; social related/unrelated) and measures customer perceptions and behavior at different points in time. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and spotlight analyses reveal that the congruent combinations of economic related and social unrelated gift dimensions have the strongest effects on customer perceptions of relationship investment. Serial mediation analyses further reveal that the impact of gifts on customer spending is fully mediated by customer perceptions of perceived relationship investment and repurchase intention. Economic related gifts produce the highest contribution margins. Service managers may use these findings to design effective gifts and management processes (e.g., gift success tracking).
‘I don’t get a climax any more at all’: Pleasure and non-traumatic spinal cord damage
Authors: Seddon Merilyn , Warren Narelle , New Peter W
Published: April 2017

Women typically report reduced participation in sex and satisfaction with their sexuality following Spinal Cord injuries (SCI) due to changes in sensation and physical functioning. Psychosocial factors are also important but, despite significant differences in the patterning and impact of SCIs by aetiology, these have not been explored in the context of Spinal Cord Damage (SCD, non-traumatic SCI). This article seeks to gain insight into the experience of sexual pleasure for women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women (mean age 67.8 years) who had experienced SCD. Sexuality after SCD occurred in a context of disrupted normality. The impact of physical impairment and regained functionality was significant, but the effect of social constructs regarding sexuality, disability, gender and aging were more profound, with rigid adherence to norms by participants and others typically serving as barriers to sexual pleasure. In contrast, flexible norms served to enhance sexual satisfaction. By supporting women to express their sexuality in changed circumstances, there is a role for formal services to better support women’s sexual adjustment and wellbeing after SCD.
Synthesis, characterization, and coating of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) based material over medical implants: A review
Authors: Prakash P Shakti , Pawar S J , Tewari R P
Published: April 2017

Biocompatible metallic alloys (stainless steel, Ti-alloy, Co–Cr alloys, etc.) have been frequently used for various biomedical implants. Being biocompatible, complications like implant corrosion, body inflammation, organ pain, local infection, and cytotoxicity cannot be avoided. Hydroxyapatite, a common biomaterial, is used in the form of powders, coatings, and composites for biomedical applications. But poor adhesion, poor load-bearing capacity, high dissolution, poor wear resistance, natural fragility, etc. are the few hindrances in the use of hydroxyapatite coating over implants. Hence, there is a need to focus on the development of alternative biomaterials and their coatings for metallic (orthopedic, dental, metallic stents, pacemakers, etc.) implants. To avoid various complexities and to improve the biocompatibility of metal implants, the coating of forsterite and its composites are being used nowadays. Techniques like dip coating, plasma spraying, and electrophoretic deposition are employed for such coatings. In this paper, a review based on methods of preparation of forsterite has been done. For the preparation of forsterite powder, various studies have reported the sintering temperature range to be 800–1450 ℃ and the crystallite size from 10 nm to 100 µm. The forsterite and its composites coating over Ti-alloy and stainless steel have also been reported. This paper also compares the mechanical and biological properties of forsterite and hydroxyapatite. It has been observed that the mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness, Young’s modulus, and compressive strength), and biological properties (biocompatibility and bioactivity) of forsterite are favorable for the biomedical implant coating.
Electricity Liberalisation in Developing Countries
Authors: Hall David , Nguyen Tue Anh
Published: April 2017

Liberalisation of the electricity sector by unbundling the networks from generation and creating power markets has been promoted to developing countries by the World Bank and others for nearly two decades, in order to stimulate private sector investment. The paper presents cross-country comparisons of progress with liberalisation in the largest developing economies along with investment indicators of generating capacity and access to electricity networks, showing extensive growth in investment regardless of the extent of liberalisation, predominantly by the public sector. The liberalisation model is now losing credibility even in the global north.
Sustainable energy for all or sustainable energy for men? Gender and the construction of identity within climate technology entrepreneurship in Kenya
Authors: Marshall Mipsie , Ockwell David , Byrne Rob
Published: April 2017

As international climate and development policy and funding efforts accelerate, this article articulates an urgent new research agenda aimed at redressing the existing failure of policy and research to attend to gender in relation to climate mitigation (as opposed to adaptation). Focusing on the transfer and uptake of low carbon energy technologies, including a review of the literature on women and entrepreneurship and critical discourse analysis of the treatment of climate technology entrepreneurs by infoDev (World Bank) in Kenya, the prevalence of private sector entrepreneurial approaches to climate and development policy and practice in this field is demonstrated to be reinforcing gendered power imbalances.
The tragedy of self in digitised popular culture: the existential consequences of digital fame on YouTube
Authors: Smith Daniel R.
Published: April 2017

Digital data is constitutive of many forms of popular culture and user engagement. How data feeds back and is integrated into practice is of critical importance when it comes to analysing the place of the ‘self’ in contemporary culture. This article provides an account of video-blogging on YouTube. It takes as its case study three UK ‘YouTube Celebrities’ – Charlie McDonnell, Chris Kendall and Benjamin Cook – and focuses upon three vlogs which all express disquiet with their celebrity. This unease is articulated in relation to the digital consummation of self YouTube provides its users. Through a textual and performance analysis the article explores the cultural heritage of the vlog in what Charles Taylor calls western culture’s ‘expressive turn’. It argues that what a digitised popular culture gives us is a novel space to rework longstanding cultural ideals around the self, individuality and self-expression.
The role of therapy in personal recovery – Trauma clients’ use of resources to continue positive processes following group therapy
Authors: Stige Signe H , Binder Per-Einar , Veseth Marius
Published: April 2017

Traditionally, there has been a sharp division between ‘personal’ and ‘clinical’ recovery. What role, then, might therapy play in personal recovery? To explore how female adult trauma survivors experience working towards recovery after participation in trauma-specific group therapy, we carried out semi-structured qualitative interviews with 13 clients one year after their completion of a stabilization group approach. A hermeneutic-phenomenological approach was used to analyze interview transcripts. After therapy, the participants consolidated and continued their positive processes of change. Experiences from therapy gave rise to personal recovery processes that were categorized into two main themes: “tapping into pre-therapy resources” and “using therapy-related resources.” Therapy might play an important role in personal recovery through helping clients to rediscover and utilize existing resources, as well as being a source of new resources. The participants were active agents in this recovery, putting their therapies to use in the context of their daily living.
Husband’s Reaction to His Wife’s Sexual Rejection Is Predicted by the Time She Spends With Her Male Friends but Not Her Male Coworkers
Authors: DeLecce Tara , Barbaro Nicole , Mohamedally Derek , Shackelford Todd K.
Published: April 2017

Males among many species, including humans, evaluate cues of sperm competition risk and adjust accordingly their sperm competition tactics. The number of potential sexual rivals can serve as an index of sperm competition risk. Therefore, men may adjust their in-pair copulatory interest in accordance with the presence of sexual rivals. Using self-reports from 45 married men, we test the hypotheses that the time a man’s wife spends with other men—either male friends or male coworkers—will positively predict a man’s copulatory interest in his wife (Hypothesis 1) and his anger (Hypothesis 2), upset (Hypothesis 3), and frustration (Hypothesis 4) in response to his wife’s sexual rejection. The results show that the time wives spend with male friends (but not male coworkers) predicts their husbands’ anger, upset, and frustration in response to sexual rejection, providing support for Hypotheses 2–4. Discussion highlights novel contributions of the current research and provides a potential explanation for the discrepant findings regarding male friends versus male coworkers.
Observation manuals as lenses to classroom teaching: Pitfalls and possibilities
Authors: Klette Kirsti , Blikstad-Balas Marte
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of coding and observation manuals in classroom studies. While observation manuals have been a part of the methodological toolkit for measuring various aspects of instruction for decades, the field has also been suffering from ‘paradigm wars’, fragmentation and local production of instruments. Common frameworks for investigating teaching are needed, including observation instruments for teaching that are both generic and subject specific. Such common tools for research developed within an integrated methodological design could help researchers make progress in aggregating knowledge about the impact of different teaching approaches across settings and subjects. This article serves as one such integrative mechanism by summarizing and reviewing existing manuals targeted towards developing knowledge for and in teaching. The analysis provides status, overview and focus of the different observation manuals; additionally, the article discusses how recent developments in instruments and coding procedures might provide increased rigour and a shared vocabulary to talk about teaching. We discuss both pitfalls and possibilities of coding manuals, and argue that if used in a reflexive manner, coding manuals can provide a common language and vocabulary when talking about – and researching – classroom teaching and learning.
Midterm Outcomes After Infrapopliteal Interventions in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia Based on the TASC II Classification of Below-the-Knee Arteries
Authors: Singh Gagan D. , Brinza Ellen K. , Hildebrand Justin , Waldo Stephen W. , Foley T. Raymond , Laird John R. , Armstrong Ehrin J.
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the new TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) infrapopliteal classification and limb outcomes among patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Methods: A single-center retrospective study was performed on 166 consecutive CLI patients (mean age 71 years; 113 men) undergoing endovascular treatment of 244 infrapopliteal lesions from 2006 to 2013. Patient, procedural, angiographic, and limb outcomes were compared for the new TASC A/B vs C/D classification for infrapopliteal lesions. Binary restenosis was determined by a peak systolic velocity ratio >2.0 by duplex ultrasound on follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Seventy-two (43.4%) patients had TASC A/B lesions, while 94 (56.6%) had TASC C/D patterns of infrapopliteal disease. Baseline demographics and tissue loss (93% vs 94%, p=0.59) were similar between the groups. TASC A/B lesions were shorter (53±35 vs 170±83 mm, p<0.001), less severely stenosed (77%±24% vs 93%±14%, p<0.001), had a larger target vessel diameter (2.9±0.5 vs 2.6±0.5 mm, p<0.001), and were less frequently chronic total occlusions (24% vs 64%, p<0.001) compared with the TASC C/D group. Three-year freedom from both amputation (85% vs 67%, p=0.02) and major adverse limb events (79% vs 61%, p=0.02) were significantly higher in the TASC A/B group. Technical success rates (95% vs 80%, p<0.001) and 1-year primary patency (58% vs 51%, p=0.04) were higher in the A/B group. Overall 3-year survival was similar between the groups (96% A/B vs 88% C/D, p=0.2). Conclusion: TASC C/D infrapopliteal lesions are associated with higher amputation and major adverse limb events rates and lower primary patency compared with TASC A/B infrapopliteal lesions. Further studies are needed to assess the association between TASC C/D infrapopliteal lesions and clinical outcomes in patients with CLI.
Preferences for the Return of Individual Results From Research on Pediatric Biobank Samples
Authors: Christensen Kurt D. , Savage Sarah K. , Huntington Noelle L. , Weitzman Elissa R. , Ziniel Sonja I. , Bacon Phoebe L. , Cacioppo Cara N. , Green Robert C. , Holm Ingrid A.
Published: April 2017

Discussions about disclosing individual genetic research results include calls to consider participants’ preferences. In this study, parents of Boston Children’s Hospital patients set preferences for disclosure based on disease preventability and severity, and could exclude mental health, developmental, childhood degenerative, and adult-onset disorders. Participants reviewed hypothetical reports and reset preferences, if desired. Among 661 participants who initially wanted all results (64%), 1% reset preferences. Among 336 participants who initially excluded at least one category (36%), 38% reset preferences. Participants who reset preferences added 0.9 categories, on average; and their mean satisfaction on 0 to 10 scales increased from 4.7 to 7.2 ( p < .001). Only 2% reduced the number of categories they wanted disclosed. Findings demonstrate the benefits of providing examples of preference options and the tendency of participants to want results disclosed. Findings also suggest that preference-setting models that do not provide specific examples of results could underestimate participants’ desires for information.
Numerical analysis of thermal transmittance of hollow concrete blocks
Authors: Henrique dos Santos Gerson , Fogiatto Marcelo Adriano , Mendes Nathan
Published: April 2017

Since the 1970s, due to the worldwide energy crisis, some countries have adopted severe legislation to promote energy efficiency in buildings. The electrical power utilized in buildings is directly related to the equipment required to provide thermal comfort to occupants. In this context, one of the most important factors that determine the choice of these systems is the conduction load through the building envelope. In several countries, hollow concrete blocks have become common over the past few years. Therefore, for the assessment of building energy efficiency, the thermal transmittance evaluation of hollow blocks is required. This study obtains values of thermal transmittance for different cavity configurations of concrete blocks by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations. These transmittances are compared to those calculated using the methodology presented in international standards. In the “Results” section, it is shown that large cavities provide higher transmittance values due to convection and that thermal radiation may play an important role in the overall heat transfer through concrete hollow blocks. Some methods used to reduce the thermal transmittance are presented and discussed. Finally, thermal transmittance of cavities with the same wall height has been compared with the ones of a single block and different strategies are considered for reducing the thermal transmittance of concrete hollow blocks.
‘I wish I could be the journalist I was, but I currently cannot’: Experiencing the impossibility of journalism in Burundi
Authors: Frère Marie-Soleil
Published: April 2017

In Burundi, a small landlocked post-conflict country in Central Africa, the independent broadcasting sector was severely undermined in May 2015, following a coup attempt against the regime of President Pierre Nkurunziza. More than 80 journalists, some of them accused of being accomplices to the putschists, were threatened and forced to leave the country. Their outlets were damaged and forbidden to operate. Shown as a model of ‘professionalism’, ‘independence’ and ‘pluralism’ until then, journalism in Burundi has subsequently faced huge challenges, both inside the country (where the space for free speech keeps shrinking despite a pluralist façade) and outside (where Burundian journalists in exile have established alternative media). This article identifies how the professional identity of the journalists has been affected by these two phenomena: the challenges of working from abroad as well as the growing control on free media faced by those still operating from within the country. Based on extensive interviews, the author shows the extent to which Burundian journalists have lost self-confidence and trust in their ability to perform their professional ethos and the role they believe they should play in society.
Lace Up for Healthy Feet: The Impact of Shoe Closure on Plantar Stress Response
Authors: Rahemi Hadi , Armstrong David G. , Enriquez Ana , Owl Joshua , Talal Talal K. , Najafi Bijan
Published: April 2017

Objective:

This study examined the impact of shoe closure on plantar thermal stress response (TSR), which is known to be a surrogate of shear stress and skin perfusion. It is aimed to explore potential impact of shoe closure on increasing risk factors associated with plantar ulcers in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods:

Fifteen eligible subjects were enrolled. The left foot was used as a reference and fitted to a self-adjusted and habitual lace-tightening method by each subject. The right foot was used as a test closure and fitted into three lace closure conditions: loose, tight, and preset optimal closure (reel clutch, BOA technology). Thermal images were taken after 5 minutes of acclimatization (pre-trial) and immediately after 200 walking steps in each shoe closure condition (post-trial). TSR was calculated from the thermal images.

Results:

TSR was significantly higher in the test closure with loose (70.24%, P = .000) and tight (66.85%, P = .007) and lower (−206.53%, P = .000) in the preset optimal closure when compared to the reference closure. Only lace closure conditions affected TSR with no significant impact from age, BMI, and gender in our sample in a multivariable regression model.

Conclusion:

The results from this study suggest that shoelace closure technique can have a profound effect on TSR. It therefore stands to reason that optimal lace closure may have an impact in reducing risk of plantar ulcers in people with DPN. Interestingly, results revealed that even a self-adjusted lace closure may not be necessarily optimal and a preset closure setting like reel clutch might ultimately be recommended to minimize risk. Further study is warranted to confirm or refute these interesting results.
Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice: Framing Professional Development
Authors: Allen-Johnson Ann
Published: April 2017

The NASN Code of Ethics upholds that it is the responsibility of the school nurse to maintain competency and pursue personal and professional growth. Designing professional development activities that are relevant and support the needs of the school nurse can be a challenge. The Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice provides a model rooted in evidence-based standards of practice that can be utilized to assess an existing professional development program and identify gaps in learning opportunities. Nurse leaders can use the Framework for 21st Century Nursing Practice to provide a roadmap toward a professional development program that will be meaningful to school nurse staff, help restore or maintain joy in their practice, and allow them to achieve the goal of advancing the well-being, academic success, and lifelong achievement and health of students.
School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine: Connecting the Dots: SCRIPTS for Success in the Evaluation of Pediatric Rashes
Authors: Olympia Robert P.
Published: April 2017

Although skin rashes may not necessarily prompt a visit to the school nurse’s office, a rash associated with other systemic symptoms, such as fever, headache, difficulty swallowing or breathing, weakness, or abdominal pain, may cause a child to visit your office. This article describes the initial assessment and management of skin rashes in children and adolescents and delineates reasons that may prompt the school nurse to transfer a student with a rash to a local emergency department.