bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Utilização do Transputer T800 no Sistema P3
Authors: Rolim L. A. G. , Luz P. R. F. A.
Published: March 2023

Utilização do Transputer T800 como coprocessador da placa U-32 do Processador Paralelo P3, onde é responsável pela comunicação entre módulos e operações com ponto flutuante, focalizando-se o problema da sincronização dos dois processadores. Uma abordagem "software" do problema apresenta as estruturas de dados bem como os algoritmos na U-32 e no T800, respectivamente em CHILL e OCCAM, utilizados pelo Sistema Operacional PP-SO/P.
Arquiteturas Dirigidas pelo Fluxo de Dados
Authors: Arias H. Piñon , Castelo Branco A. F. , Olivier S. L. , Catto A. J.
Published: March 2023

Apresenta-se uma revisão atualizada, embora não exaustiva, das arquiteturas dirigidas pelo fluxo de dados mais representativas. São descritas a máquina estática do MIT (Dennis) e a de frente de onda do Technion entre as estáticas, e a de Manchester, a máquina dinâmica do MIT (Arvind) e a SIGMA1 entre as dinâmicas. Analisam-se também as características básicas destas arquiteturas e indicam-se temas de pesquisa atuais nesta área.
Uma Máquina de Base de Dados para o Modelo de Representação de Objetos
Authors: Traina Júnior Caetano , Slaets Jan Frans Willem
Published: March 2023

Apresenta-se uma Máquina de Base de Dados para suportar um modelo de dados denominado Modelo de Representação de Objetos, um modelo com alta capacidade de representação semântica, concebido para dar apoio a Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Bases de Dados a serem usados em Sistemas de Apoio a Projetos de Engenharia e em Ambientes de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Software. No seu desenvolvimento foi levada em consideração a possibilidade de utilizar hardware específico para suportar o SGBD nele apoiado. A Máquina de Bases de Dados descrita segue uma arquitetura MIMD, com processamento em memória dedicada, e indexação a nível de páginas. A comunicação com os programas de aplicação é feita diretamente entre cada estação de trabalho e a Máquina de Base de Dados.
Uma Arquitetura RISC para Computadores SIMD em GaAs
Authors: Moreira José Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Uma arquitetura simples o suficiente para ser implementada em poucos CIs de GaAs e ainda assim bastante poderosa para tratamento de matrizes é descrita. A linguagem APL e o computador Illiac IV são tomados como base para a arquitetura, a implementação eletrônica é levada em consideração.
Projeto de um Subsistema de Memória de Massa para um Computador de Arquitetura Paralela
Authors: Prado Claudio Almeida
Published: March 2023

Um dos principais pontos a ser considerado no projeto de um sistema de computação é o subsistema de controle de memória de massa. Este subsistema ganha grande importância quando se deseja um elevado desempenho, em que um subsistema de memória de massa mal dimensionado pode comprometer a qualidade global. O problema é ainda mais delicado em arquiteturas paralelas, onde alguns cuidados especiais devem ser tomados, tendo em vista as características peculiares do sistema.
Um Simulador Dataflow Implementado em uma Rede de Transputers
Authors: Garcia Neto Álvaro , Bohm A. P. W. , Kallstrom P. C.
Published: March 2023

Um simulador "dataflow" está sendo desenvolvido para execução em um processador paralelo baseado em transputers (T-Rack). Uma discussão sobre a necessidade de simuladores paralelos é feita, e um modelo computacional restrito (DF-1) é definido. O projeto Percival e alguns de seus produtos, um processador MIMD e um ambiente de programação Occam são descritos, bem como detalhes de implementação e primeiros resultados.
Reestruturação Automática de Programas Seqüenciais para Processamento Paralelo
Authors: Mokarzel Fábio Carneiro , Panetta Jairo
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho descreve diversos métodos para transformar, automáticamente, trechos de programas seqüenciais em trechos de programas paralelos equivalentes.
Linguagens Fortran e C para Processamento Concorrente/Paralelo
Authors: Calicchio S. , Rodrigues M. , Monticelli A. , Garcia A.
Published: March 2023

Este artigo apresenta as extensões para as linguagens Fortran e C para suporte a programação concorrente e paralela. Os mecanismos de concorrência e de suporte ao processamento paralelo utilizados para definição das extensões são os mecanismos implementados no sistema operacional PP-SO/P (SOP). As linguagens estendidas poderão então expressar explicitamente o paralelismo de um algoritmo e a concorrência entre processos. A comunicação entre processos (processadores) adota um modelo baseado em troca de mensagens proporcionando a sua utilização mesmo em hardware que possui o esquema de memória partilhada.
Um Esquema de Reconfiguração Heurístico para um Computador Paralelo Tolerante a Falhas
Authors: Song S. W.
Published: March 2023

Este artigo descreve uma arquitetura altamente reconfigurével para um arranjo retangular bi-dimensional de processadores poderosos. Devido ao alto grau de reconfigurabilidade, a arquitetura pode prover tolerancia a falhas com eficiente utilização dos processadores e servir de suporte a programas de aplicação que requerem diferentes estruturas de interconexão. O esquema de reconfiguração considera o arranjo físico como um grafo qualquer, podendo ser aplicado não apenas a arranjos retangulares. Em termos de considerações de falhas, supomos não apenas falhas de processadores, mas também as de chaves e canais físicos de comunicação. Nesses dois aspectos o presente trabalho distingue-se dos anteriores.
Projeto Minissupercomputador: Características Gerais do Sistema MS-8701
Authors: Takeda João Hajime , Hummel Celso Gonzalez , Grossmann Fábio , Kofuji Sergio Takeo , Zuffo João Antonio
Published: March 2023

Descreveremos em termos gerais o Minissupercomputador (Sistema MS 8701). Este computador de alto desempenho é constituido de múltiplos módulos de processamento (até 64) baseados em microprocessadores CISC monoliticos de 32 bits. Discorreremos também sobre a evolução da arquitetura e algumas das características do Sistema Operacional Multiprocessador (LS1-S0.01), ora em implementação no Laboratório de Sistemas Integráveis - LSI DEE EPUSP.
Processador Paralelo P3
Authors: Pestana A. , Cavalli E.
Published: March 2023

Descrição de um sistema para processamento paralelo de alto desempenho (até 500Mflops) baseado na placa de processamento PP-U32 e no Sistema Operacional PP-SO/P desenvolvidos no CPqD Telebrás. O sistema vale-se da tecnologia mais avançada dos microprocessadores de 32 bits (80386 e Transputer) e de um sofisticado Sistema Operacional desenvolvido especificamente para aplicações de processamento distribuído em tempo real.
Solução de Equações Algébricas Lineares por Métodos Bloco-Iterativos Implementados em Paralelo
Authors: Bhaya A. , Falcão D. M. , Kaszkurewicz E. , Roqueiro N.
Published: March 2023

Este artigo descreve a utilização de métodos bloco-iterativos paralelos, síncronos e assíncronos, para a solução de sistemas de equações algébricas lineares de grande porte. Estes métodos são utilizados na resolução do problema de Fluxo de Potência em redes de energia elétrica. O computador utilizado é o ACP (Advanced Computer Program) disponível no CBPF com a seguinte configuração: 02 "crates", 10 processadores (68020 µP) por "crate" e um MicroVax como hospedeiro.
Programação Dinâmica em Arquiteturas Paralelas: Análise da Complexidade
Authors: Toscani Laira Vieira , Veloso Paulo Augusto S.
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho parte de uma formalização da programação dinâmica e examina arquiteturas paralelas com o objetivo de melhorar a eficiência do método. É apresentada uma análise de complexidade das versões seqüencial e paralela, juntamente com alguns exemplos ilustrativos.
Solução Iterativa de Sistemas de Equações do Método dos Elementos Finitos no Computador IBM 3090
Authors: Coutinho Álvaro L. G. , Alves José L. D. , Landau Luiz , Ebecken Nelson F. F.
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho apresenta uma estratégia de implementação do Método dos Gradientes Conjugados Precondicionado para a solução iterativa de sistemas de equações do Método dos Elementos Finitos, utilizando as facilidades para processamento vetorial disponíveis na arquitetura do computador IBM 3090. Os resultados numéricos obtidos evidenciam a efiência computacional da estratégia adotada.
Anomaly detection in encrypted HTTPS traffic using machine learning: a comparative analysis of feature selection techniques
Authors: Hind Raad Ibraheem  , Nashwan Dheyaa Zaki  , Mohammed Ibrahim Al-mashhadani
Published: March 2023

With the increasing use of encryption in network traffic, anomaly detection in encrypted traffic has become a challenging problem. This study proposes an approach for anomaly detection in encrypted HTTPS traffic using machine learning and compares the performance of different feature selection techniques. The proposed approach uses a dataset of HTTPS traffic and applies various machine learning models for anomaly detection. The study evaluates the performance of the models using various evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC). The results show that the proposed approach with feature selection outperforms other existing techniques for anomaly detection in encrypted network traffic. However, the proposed approach has limitations, such as the need for further optimization and the use of a single dataset for evaluation. The study provides insights into the performance of different feature selection techniques and presents future research directions for improving the proposed approach. Overall, the proposed approach can aid in the development of more effective anomaly detection techniques in encrypted network traffic.
User preferences for ChatGPT-powered conversational interfaces versus traditional methods
Authors: Sakirin Tam , Ben Said Rachid
Published: March 2023

This study examined user preferences for ChatGPT-powered conversational interfaces vs traditional
techniques. The study collected data from 175 selected volunteers utilizing a survey questionnaire.
Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to detect user preferences and compare them to the
literature review. The study found that 70% of users chose ChatGPT-powered conversational interfaces
over traditional techniques, citing convenience, efficiency, and personalization. Demographic data was
explored. The participants were evenly distributed between male and female (50%) and aged 18 to 55
(mean = 35 years). This study affects ChatGPT and conversational AI development. The results indicate
that users want to use these technologies in their daily lives. To improve ChatGPT, further study is needed
in this area. However, this study's tiny sample size must be considered. To confirm these findings and
investigate other factors affecting conversational interface user preferences, bigger and more diverse
samples are needed.
Pengaruh Kedisiplinan, Motivasi dan Insentif Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan Cabang Dinas Pendidikan Wilayah Sidoarjo
Authors: Hardiani Risma Pratiwi , Iristian Jovi
Published: March 2023

This research is a descriptive type of research with hypothesis testing, the population in this study is all civil servants in the Sidoarjo Regional Education Office Branch, totaling 40 people. The entire population is taken as a sample so it is called population research and does not use sampling techniques. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The analytical method used is the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) method. The data analysis technique used is the classical assumption test analysis, multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant effect between discipline (X1), motivation (X2) and incentives (X3) on performance (Y) with a regression equation of Y = 30.135 - 0.117X1 - 0.342X2 + 0.250X3 + e and with a level the coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.145 or 14.5%, while the remaining 85.5% is influenced by other variables not observed in this study, and uses the t test which results if t(table) is obtained at 0.127 then t(count) higher than t (table), namely 0.127> 0.05. this means that the influence of discipline, motivation and incentives simultaneously does not (simultaneously) have a positive effect on the performance of civil servants in the Sidoarjo Regional Education Office Branch.
Islamic Cultural Heritage at the Coast of Kenya: Focus on the Digo Community of Mtongwe
Authors:   PhD. Student Pwani Univ. P.O.BOX 90731- 80100 Mombasa, Kenya, Mukhwana Mohammed Amedo , Awadh Dr. Ali Hemed ,   Lecturer Pwani Univ. P.O.BOX 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya, Wa Chidongo Dr.Munga Tsawe ,   Lecturer Pwani Univ. P.O.BOX 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
Published: March 2023

Given the evidence pointing to early Islamization of the coast of Kenya, the Digo Muslims of Mtongwe still remain attached to witchcraft- a practice that Islam is opposed to. It’s paramount that we locate the phenomenon of witchcraft within the broader history of Islamization, specifically at Mtongwe. In the research review, authors of history of Islam at the Coast, including Sperling, Trimigharm, and Lewis among others, have written extensively on factors that facilitated Islamization without focusing on witchcraft. The paper other than identifying factors for Islamization, it also brings out reasons for not accommodating Islam wholesomely. Through personal interviews and questionnaires, the research confirmed that witchcraft is one of the factors of Islamization among Digo community of Mtongwe. It also confirmed that trade, intermarriage, celebrations were the main factors that led to the Islamization of the Digo community of Mtongwe.
Desflurane Protects The Brain Against The Oxidant Activity of Acute Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Rats, Comparison with Sevoflurane
Authors: KAYA Alican , ARSLAN Mustafa , BEŞKARDEŞ Elif , KURTİPEK Ömer , KALAYCI Dilek , DOGAN Alper Tunga , ARPACI Ayşe Hande , GÜNEŞ Işın , KAVUTCU Mustafa
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigated the effects of sevoflurane and desflurane administration on the oxidant and antioxidant system in the brain of acute hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. In the study, 30 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of intraperitoneal streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) to rats except for the control group (C). To create acute hyperglycemia in diabetic groups, which were hyperglycemia (DH), desflurane (D), and sevoflurane (S) groups, 2.5 g/kg glucose was administered intraperitoneally. After glucose administration, desflurane 6% and sevoflurane 2.3% mixed with 4 L/min oxygen were administered for 2 hours, by which minimal alveolar concentration for rats would be one. Afterward, the animals were sacrificed, and their brain tissues were prepared for biochemical analysis. Catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), paraoxonase (PON) activities, and TBARS levels were measured to determine oxidant and antioxidant status. GST activity was significantly lower in group D than in group DH (p=0.001). The PON activity was significantly lower in the D group compared with other groups (p<0.001). In the S group, PON activity was significantly lower than in the diabetic control (DC) group and DH groups (p=0.022, p=0.020, respectively). TBARS level was significantly lower in group D than in group DH (p=0.013). As a result, desflurane decreases GST and PON activity and TBARS levels more than sevoflurane. In terms of lipid peroxidation, desflurane shows more protective properties than sevoflurane. Since our study is the first study in this field, it should be supported by other studies to be carried out.
Peer Bullying and Motivational Interviewing In Adolescents
Authors: SEYHAN ŞAHİN Semra , AYAZ ALKAYA Sultan
Published: March 2023

Peer bullying is an increasingly important public health problem all over the world. Bullying behaviours are exhibited mostly during adolescence and continue to increase throughout this period. Bullying can cause problems such as physical and emotional wear, decrease in social relations, tendency to depression, suicide attempt, decrease in self-esteem, weakening in peer relations and increase in depression level. Adolescents, who are the future of the community, should be protected from negative behaviours such as peer bullying in order to be healthy. New interventions/strategies would be beneficial to prevent peer bullying in adolescents, and to ensure the healthy development of adolescents. Motivational interviewing is generally an appropriate approach to use for individuals who are reluctant to change or have conflicting feelings. Motivational interviewing is seen as a new, practical and effective method in providing behavioural change in adolescents and preventing peer bullying.
Problematika i aporetika kao vid literaturološke binarne opozicije - književnonaučni triptihon Mirjane Bečejski
Authors: Ivanović Radomir , Zečević Ana
Published: March 2023

Studija je posvećena dvema knjigama studija i ogleda Mirjane Bečejski (1978), kao i specijalističkoj monografiji o esejistici Danila Kiša. Osim "Uvoda", "Zaključka" i "Beležaka", rad sadrži još tri međunaslovima odvojena odeljaka: - Prvi odeljak je posvećen knjizi - Zemaljski i nebeski znaci (2013, str. 303). Prvi deo (sastavljen od 5 priloga) je posvećen tumačenju i razumevanju poezije, a drugi deo (sastavljen od 6 priloga) tumačenju i razumevanju proze i poezije. - Drugi odeljak je posvećen monografiji - Nulta disciplina Danila Kiša (2020, str. 447), tačnije rečeno procesu esejizacije svih rodova, vrsta i žanrova kojima se Kiš bavio. - Treći odeljak je posvećen novoj knjizi studija i ogleda - Neki stvarni i mogući svetovi (2022, str. 296). U njoj je analizirano desetak ideografema: hronotop, narativni identitet, kontrapripovest, metalepsa, empatija, simpatija, postmoderna i tako dalje.
Meisosomes, folded membrane microdomains between the apical extracellular matrix and epidermis
Authors: Aggad Dina , Brouilly Nicolas , Omi Shizue , Essmann Clara Luise , Dehapiot Benoit , Savage-Dunn Cathy , Richard Fabrice , Cazevieille Chantal , Politi Kristin A , Hall David H , Pujol Remy , Pujol Nathalie
Published: March 2023

Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) form a physical barrier to the environment. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the epidermal aECM, the cuticle, is composed mainly of different types of collagen, associated in circumferential ridges separated by furrows. Here, we show that in mutants lacking furrows, the normal intimate connection between the epidermis and the cuticle is lost, specifically at the lateral epidermis, where, in contrast to the dorsal and ventral epidermis, there are no hemidesmosomes. At the ultrastructural level, there is a profound alteration of structures that we term ‘meisosomes,’ in reference to eisosomes in yeast. We show that meisosomes are composed of stacked parallel folds of the epidermal plasma membrane, alternately filled with cuticle. We propose that just as hemidesmosomes connect the dorsal and ventral epidermis, above the muscles, to the cuticle, meisosomes connect the lateral epidermis to it. Moreover, furrow mutants present marked modifications of the biomechanical properties of their skin and exhibit a constitutive damage response in the epidermis. As meisosomes co-localise to macrodomains enriched in phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, they could conceivably act, like eisosomes, as signalling platforms, to relay tensile information from the aECM to the underlying epidermis, as part of an integrated stress response to damage.
Emergent periodicity in the collective synchronous flashing of fireflies
Authors: Sarfati Raphael , Joshi Kunaal , Martin Owen , Hayes Julie C , Iyer-Biswas Srividya , Peleg Orit
Published: March 2023

In isolation from their peers, Photinus carolinus fireflies flash with no intrinsic period between successive bursts. Yet, when congregating into large mating swarms, these fireflies transition into predictability, synchronizing with their neighbors with a rhythmic periodicity. Here we propose a mechanism for emergence of synchrony and periodicity, and formulate the principle in a mathematical framework. Remarkably, with no fitting parameters, analytic predictions from this simple principle and framework agree strikingly well with data. Next, we add further sophistication to the framework using a computational approach featuring groups of random oscillators via integrate-and-fire interactions controlled by a tunable parameter. This agent-based framework of P. carolinus fireflies interacting in swarms of increasing density also shows quantitatively similar phenomenology and reduces to the analytic framework in the appropriate limit of the tunable coupling strength. We discuss our findings and note that the resulting dynamics follow the style of a decentralized follow-the-leader synchronization, where any of the randomly flashing individuals may take the role of the leader of any subsequent synchronized flash burst.
Characterization of viral pathogens associated with symptomatic upper respiratory tract infection in adults during a low COVID-19 transmission period
Authors: Sandybayev Nurlan , Beloussov Vyacheslav , Strochkov Vitaliy , Solomadin Maxim , Granica Joanna , Yegorov Sergey
Published: March 2023

Background

The epidemiology of respiratory tract infections (RTI) has dramatically changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. A major effort in the clinical management of RTI has been directed toward diagnosing COVID-19, while the causes of other, common community RTI often remain enigmatic. To shed light on the etiological causes of RTI during a low COVID-19 transmission period in 2021, we did a pilot study using molecular testing for virologic causes of upper RTI among adults with respiratory symptoms from Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Methods

Adults presenting at two public hospitals with respiratory symptoms were screened using SARS-CoV-2 PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. A subset of RTI+, COVID-19-negative adults (n = 50) was then tested for the presence of common RTI viruses and influenza A virus (IAV). Next generation virome sequencing was used to further characterize the PCR-detected RTI pathogens.

Results

Of 1,812 symptomatic adults, 21 (1.2%) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive. Within the COVID-19 negative outpatient subset, 33/50 subjects (66%) had a positive PCR result for a common community RTI virus, consisting of human parainfluenza virus 3-4 (hPIV 3-4) in 25/50 (50%), rhinovirus (hRV) in 2 (4%), hPIV4-hRV co-infection in four (8%) and adenovirus or the OCR43/HKU-1 coronavirus in two (4%) cases; no IAV was detected. Virome sequencing allowed to reconstruct sequences of most PCR-identified rhinoviruses and hPIV-3/human respirovirus-3.

Conclusions

COVID-19 was cause to a low proportion of symptomatic RTI among adults. Among COVID-negative participants, symptomatic RTI was predominantly associated with hPIV and hRV. Therefore, respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 should be considered in the clinical management and prevention of adult RTI in the post-pandemic era.
Newly compiled Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) promotes lower extremity exercise: a preliminary cross sectional study
Authors: Li Haojie , Peng Fang , Lyu Shaojun , Ji Zhongqiu , Li Xiongfeng , Liu Mingyu
Published: March 2023

Background

Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) is a new type of simplified Tai Chi widely practiced by Tai Chi enthusiasts that has developed and perfected simplified Tai Chi movement and enriched Tai Chi practice methods. When practicing, Tai Chi athletes and enthusiasts can choose the Bafa Wubu movements to practice according to their physical conditions. The purpose of this article is to discuss the mechanism by which Bafa Wubu promotes lower extremity exercise from the perspective of exercise biomechanics.

Objectives

This article aims to explore the scientific training methods and technical characteristics of Bafa Wubu, and its contribution to comprehensive exercise of the lower extremities, by analyzing the biomechanical characteristics of the lower extremities of participants who practice Bafa Wubu at different levels and by comparing their ground reaction force, lower limb joints, and muscles during Bafa Wubu.

Methods

A total of 16 male participants were recruited and divided into an amateur group (N= 8) and a professional group (N= 8). The data were collected by a BTS 3D infrared-based motion capture system, and Kistler 3D force plate. The lower extremity joint forces and muscle strength were calculated by anybody simulation software with inverse dynamics.

Results

During elbowing and leaning sideways with steps sideways (ELS), the ground reaction force of the professional group was significantly higher than that of the amateur group in the sagittal, vertical, and frontal axes (P< 0.01). While stepping forward, backward, and sideways, the professional group’s joints loading at the hip, knee, and ankle was always higher in the vertical direction (P< 0.01). Furthermore, during warding off with steps forward (WOF), laying with steps forward (LF), and rolling back with steps backward (RBB), hip joint loading increased in the med–lat direction. During actions with steps backward and sideways, the professional group’s ankle flexion/extension torque and hip abduction/rotation torque were significantly larger than those of the amateur group (P< 0.01). Different actions in Bafa Wubu activate muscles to different degrees, whereas the iliacus is mainly responsible for stabilizing postures when practitioners perform standing knee lifting motions.

Conclusions

Professional groups who have been practicing Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) for a long time have higher ground reaction force, and the force on the three joints of the lower extremities is different for various movements, which has positive significance for exercising the joints of the lower extremities. In addition, various motions activate muscles of different types at different levels. For amateurs to practice different movements to stimulate the muscles, targeted areas of practice promote the lower extremity muscles’ synergistic force. In summary, the muscles and joints of the lower extremity can obtain comprehensive and balanced exercise through Bafa Wubu.
Acute ventilatory responses to swimming at increasing intensities
Authors: Monteiro Ana Sofia , Magalhães José Francisco , Knechtle Beat , Buzzachera Cosme F. , Vilas-Boas J. Paulo , Fernandes Ricardo J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Physical exercise is a source of stress to the human body, triggering different ventilatory responses through different regulatory mechanisms and the aquatic environment imposes several restrictions to the swimmer, particularly regarding the restricted ventilation. Thus, we aimed to assess the acute ventilatory responses and to characterize the adopted breathing patterns when swimming front crawl at increasing intensity domains.

Methods

Eighteen well-trained swimmers performed 7 × 200 m front crawl (0.05 m∙s−1 velocity increments) and a maximal 100 m (30 s rest intervals). Pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation were continuously measured (breath-by-breath) and capillary blood samples for lactate concentration ([La−]) analysis were collected at rest, during intervals and at the end of the protocol, allowing the identification of the low, moderate, heavy, severe and extreme intensity domains.

Results

With the swimming velocity rise, respiratory frequency (fR), [La−] and stroke rate (SR) increased ([29.1–49.7] breaths∙min−1, [2.7–11.4] mmol∙L−1, [26.23–40.85] cycles; respectively) and stroke length (SL) decreased ([2.43–2.04] m∙min−1; respectively). Oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and heart rate (HR) increased until severe ([37.5–53.5] mL∙kg−1∙min−1, [55.8–96.3] L∙min−1, [32.2–51.5] mL∙kg−1∙min−1 and [152–182] bpm; respectively) and stabilized from severe to extreme (53.1 ± 8.4, mL∙kg−1∙min-1, 99.5 ± 19.1 L∙min−1, 49.7 ± 8.3 mL∙kg−1∙min−1 and 186 ± 11 bpm; respectively) while tidal volume (VT) was similar from low to severe ([2.02–2.18] L) and decreased at extreme intensities (2.08 ± 0.56 L). Lastly, the fR/SR ratio increased from low to heavy and decreased from severe to the extreme intensity domains (1.12 ± 0.24, 1.19 ± 0.25, 1.26 ± 0.26, 1.32 ± 0.26 and 1.23 ± 0.26).

Conclusions

Our findings confirm a different ventilatory response pattern at extreme intensities when compared to the usually evaluated exertions. This novel insight helps to understand and characterize the maximal efforts in swimming and reinforces the importance to include extreme efforts in future swimming evaluations.
Relationship of PLR, NLR and LMR with Health Section Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenic Patients on Antipsychotics: A Longitudinal Case-control Study
Authors: Maravi Prashant , Kushwah Suneel Singh , Shakya Makhan , Rure Daisy , Prajapati Jagmohan , Rawat Manju
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Cytokines are the small cell signalling proteins like granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, etc. which may indirectly play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia via inflammation. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) and Platelet-toLymphocyte Ratio (PLR) are consistently used as a biomarkers for the innate immunity. Metabolic syndrome has been established as a serious public health concern over the last decade with increased morbidity associated with it. However, data regarding changes in LMR and PLR in metabolic syndrome is sparse. Therefore, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and raised inflammatory markers is not established. Aim: To find out the relationship between inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome in patients of schizophrenia and normal population. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India, between February 2019 and January 2020. The study consisted of 84 schizophrenic patients from Inpatient and Outpatient Departments and 100 healthy controls from the general population, and data were collected using semi-structured proforma. Participants were evaluated for Complete Blood Count (CBC), parameters of metabolic syndrome (systolic and diastolic blood pressure; high density lipoprotein; triglycerides; fasting blood glucose; waist circumference) and severity of symptoms using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 by Student’s t-test, one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), repeated measure ANOVA, Spearman’s rho correlation and linear regression analysis. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 31.4±11.9 years and 35.4±14.1 years, respectively. There were 54 (64.3%) males and 30 (35.7%) females in cases and 62 (62%) males and 38 (38%) females in controls. There was a significant difference between cases and controls for LMR, and NLR at baseline and four months (p-value <0.01). There a was significant difference between two antipsychotics group for NLR and PLR at baseline, two months, and four months (p-value <0.01) with moderate to large effect size. There was a significant correlation between metabolic syndrome and LMR, NLR and PLR for cases as well as controls (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The study established the alteration of NLR, LMR and PLR in patients of schizophrenia, and also established a relationship between MetS and inflammatory markers which suggested some common pathway between inflammation, metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Cytokeratins in Acquired Cholesteatoma and Its Clinico-Radiological Correlation
Authors: Kanodia Anupam , Kakkar Aanchal , Verma Yash , Roy Diya , Verma Hitesh , Singh Chirom Amit , Monga Rabia , Jain Deepali , Thakar Alok , Sikka Kapil
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives: Cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media acquires epithelial proliferation and differentiation characteristics, which render it able to erode the underlying bone and cause complications. We attempt to characterize the cholesteatoma epithelium by observing the expression of cytokeratins (such as 34ße12, CK17, and CK13) and Ki67 among patients with cholesteatoma with different aggressiveness as compared to disease-free controls.Subjects and Methods: In this prospective study (2017-2021), we enrolled all consenting consecutive patients with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. They were staged in accordance with the staging guidelines of the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology and the Japanese Otological Society. Bony external auditory canal (EAC) skin specimens of the patients undergoing tympanoplasty were chosen as controls. We did an immunohistochemical analysis of the cholesteatoma specimens and normal bony EAC controls by observing the expression of 34ße12, CK17, CK13, and Ki67 across the layers of the epithelium. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate any statistical significance between the cases and the controls, and the subgroups were made based on the clinical stage.Results: An increased expression of CK17 (p<0.001), CK13 (p<0.03), and Ki67 (p<0.001) was observed in cholesteatoma specimens when compared to normal bony EAC controls. Also, there was a loss of expression of 34ße12 in a subset of cholesteatoma specimens, all of which showed full-thickness expression of CK13. There was no difference in the expression of cytokeratin among specimens from patients belonging to different subgroups based on clinical stage, age, sex, duration of ear symptoms, or type of hearing loss (conductive vs. sensorineural).Conclusions: The majority of cholesteatoma specimens significantly overexpressed CK17, CK13, and Ki67 when compared to normal bony EAC skin controls, while a subset showed loss of expression of 34ße12, which provides some insight into its pathogenesis.
A Generalized Approach for Estimation of a Finite Population Mean in Two-Phase Sampling
Authors: Tiwari Ashish , Kumar Manish , Dubey Sarvesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

The present paper deals with the formulation of a generalized class of ratio-cum-product estimators for the estimation of a finite population mean in two-phase sampling. The mathematical expressions for the mean square errors (MSEs) of the preliminary and proposed estimators are derived.  It has been established that the proposed class encompasses a wide range of estimators for specific choices of the scalars. The relative performance of the proposed class, as compared to the preliminary estimators, is evaluated using the MSE criterion. In addition, optimum sample sizes of the first-phase and second-phase samples are obtained using a specified cost function. The theoretical findings are empirically assessed by computing MSEs and percent relative efficiencies (PREs) of various estimators based on real population datasets. The findings of the study reveal that the proposed class of estimators are superior as compared to the preliminary estimators for the estimation of mean.
Effect of Corm and Soil Treatments with Organic Liquid Formulations on Performance of Elephant Foot Yam in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Das Rupa , Thakur Raghava
Published: March 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the farm of Divyayan Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Morabadi, Ranchi during kharif season of 2022 with 10 treatments (T1: control or no treatment, T2:  Corm treatment with Beej Sanjeevani, T3:  Corm treatment with Beejamrit, T4: Soil application of Jiwamrit, T5: Soil application of Panchagavya, T6: Soil application of Jiwamrit + Panchagavya, T7: Corm treatment with Beej Sanjeevani + soil application of Jiwamrit, T8: Corm treatment with Beej Sanjeevani + soil application of Panchagavya, T9: Corm treatment with Beejamrit + soil application of Jiwamrit, T10: Corm treatment with Beejamrit + soil application of Panchagavya) placed in three times replicated randomized block design to study the growth, yield and production economics of elephant foot yam under uses of organic corm and soil treatments. Results revealed that corm treatment with Beejamrit + soil application of Jiwamrit resulted in higher growth attributes, corm length (23.3 cm), dimeter (26.9 cm) and yield (32.8 t/ha). This corm + soil treatment also recorded the highest gross return (INR.2,62,400/ha), net return (INR.1,69,189/ha) and B:C (2.82). It also increased soil microbial population dynamics especially total bacteria (69.7 CFU × 106/g of soil).
Mortality Trends Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Boston, Massachusetts From 2003 to 2018
Authors: Dickins Kirsten A. , Fine Danielle R. , Adams Logan D. , Horick Nora K. , Lewis Elizabeth , Looby Sara E. , Baggett Travis P.
Published: March 2023

This cohort study involves assessing causes of death among people experiencing homelessness in Boston from 2003 to 2018.
Universal Precautions for People at Risk of Opioid Overdose in North America
Authors: Wood Evan , Solomon Eri D. , Hadland Scott E.
Published: March 2023

This viewpoint discusses and suggests clinical interventions to be implemented by clinicians and health systems in North America to reduce opioid overdose deaths among at-risk patients.
Patterns of Change in Race Category in the Electronic Medical Record of a Pediatric Population
Authors: Agawu Atu , Chaiyachati Barbara H. , Radack Joshua , Duncan Andrea F. , Ellison Angela
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study sought to quantify the frequency of change in race category in the electronic medical record (EMR) of a pediatric population.
Let’s Stop Complaining That Early Childhood Assessments Do Not Predict IQ
Authors: Connery Amy K.
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the concern about the long-term predictive validity of early childhood development (ECD) assessments and how this concern reflects a misunderstanding of the constructs of ECD and intelligence, how they are assessed, and the myriad of other influences on the growth and trajectory of intellectual ability in children.
Blade Coating of Alloy as Top Electrodes for Efficient All‐Printed Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Linna , Yu Boyang , Kang Liangyuqi , Deng Weiwei , Zhao Xinyan
Published: March 2023

All printing of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) including the top electrode is highly desirable for achieving cost‐effective, high‐throughput, and large‐area photovoltaic manufacturing. Here, the printing of a low‐melting‐point alloy as top electrodes in OPVs via blade coating is investigated. The Field's metal (FM) with the melting point of 62 °C is adopted for the top electrodes, because FM can be printed under moderate temperatures without harming the active layers while remaining solid state under solar irradiation. The correlations between the processing parameters and properties of the blade‐coated electrodes are elucidated. OPVs based on the D18:Y6 active layer and blade‐coated FM electrodes achieve a highest power conversion efficiency of 17.28%. The OPVs with FM‐electrode demonstrate much higher thermal stability than that of the Ag‐electrode devices. All‐printed OPVs, in which the FM electrode is blade coated and the other layers are prepared by flexible micro‐comb printing, exhibit an efficiency of 16.07%. The results represent the records of evaporation‐free and all‐printed OPVs, demonstrating that printing FM as OPV electrodes is a cost‐effective and time‐saving strategy to substitute the vacuum‐evaporated metals, as well as a feasible route toward high‐performance all‐printed OPVs.
Synergistic Crystallization Modulation and Defects passivation via Additive Engineering Stabilize Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Xiangbao , Li Ru , Xiong Zhuang , Li Peiyuan , Odunmbaku George Omololu , Sun Kuan , Deng Yehao , Chen Shijian
Published: March 2023

Organic‐inorganic lead halide perovskite are promising photovoltaic materials, but their intrinsic defects and crystalline quality severely deteriorate the solar cells efficiency and stability. Herein, potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3‐hexafluoroprop‐ane‐1,3‐disulfonimide (KHFDF) is introduced into PbI2 precursor solution to passivate various defects and improve the crystalline quality of perovskite films. It is found that KHFDF can inhibit PbI2 crystallization, thus tuning the crystal orientation and growth of perovskite films. Furthermore, KHFDF with dual‐functional sulfonyl group cannot only passivate grain boundaries (GBs), but also passivate the defects at GBs via strong interaction with undercoordinated Pb2+ and/or hydrogen bonding with FA+, while the K+ counter cations allow ionic interaction with undercoordinated I−. As a result, the KHFDF‐modified films exhibit high quality with a larger grain size and a reduced trap‐state density, thereby suppressing the trap‐state nonradiative recombination. And the devices show a champion efficiency up to 24.15%, benefiting from a sharp enhancement of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.183 V and fill factor of 81.78%. In addition, due to the enhanced humidity tolerance and chemical structure stability, the devices exhibit excellent long‐term humidity and thermal stability without encapsulation.
3D Printing of Poly‐ε‐Caprolactone (PCL) Auxetic Implants with Advanced Performance for Large Volume Soft Tissue Engineering
Authors: Park Jeong Hun , Park Hyun‐Ji , Tucker Sarah Jo , Rutledge Sarah K. , Wang Lizhen , Davis Michael E. , Hollister Scott J.
Published: March 2023

A successful 3D printing of a novel 3D architected auxetic for large‐volume soft tissue engineering is reported. The 3D auxetic design is analyzed through finite element (FE) simulation and created by selective laser sintering (SLS) of Poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) for further in‐depth mechanical and biological analysis. High initial flexibility and nonlinear stress–strain response to the uniaxial compression are achieved despite the use of PCL, which is one of the biomaterials that is clinically approved but has the disadvantage of having relatively stiff and linear mechanical properties. The high mass transport properties of the 3D auxetic are also demonstrated by not only high cell viability but also cell functionality within a cell‐laden hydrogel in large sizes of the auxetic. The outstanding mechanical and biological performance of the 3D auxetic is a consequence of the synergistic effect of the novel architected auxetic design combined with the inherent printing characteristic of SLS. The current study demonstrates great potential of SLS‐based printing of 3D auxetics toward the development of clinically viable 3D implants for the reconstruction of large‐volume soft tissues.
Mussel Foot Protein Inspired Tape‐Type Adhesive with Water‐Responsive, High Conformal, Tough, and On‐Demand Detachable Adhesion to Wet Tissue
Authors: Ni Peng , Huang Hongjian , Zhang Lidan , Chen Yiming , Liang Ziyi , Weng Yunxiang , Fang Yan , Liu Haiqing
Published: March 2023

Wet adhesion is highly demanded in noninvasive wound closure, tissue repair, and biomedical devices, but it is still a big challenge for developing biosafe and tough wet bioadhesives due to low or even nonadhesion in the wet state for conventional adhesives. Inspired by the wet‐adhesion‐contributing factors of mussel foot proteins, a water‐responsive dry robust tissue adhesive PAGU tape is made with thickness of <0.5 mm through fast UV‐initiated copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), gelatin (Gel), and hexadecenyl‐1,2‐catechol (UH). The tape shows strong cohesive mechanical properties and strong interfacial adhesion bonds. Upon application onto wet tissue, the adhesive tape can conform to the tissue, quickly dry tissue surface through absorbing surface/interfacial water and then allows formation of interfacial bonding with a high interfacial toughness of ≈818 J m−2. Furthermore, it can be readily detached by treating with aq. urea solution. A highly efficient avenue is provided here for producing conformable, tough, and easy detachable wet bioadhesive tapes.
Multilayer Three‐Dimensional Woven Silver Nanowire Networks for Absorption‐Dominated Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Sun Qing‐yin , Zhao Cong , Qin Chu , Li Fang‐mei , Yu Hao , Wang Min
Published: March 2023

Secondary electromagnetic reflection is a great challenge in the field of high conductivity electromagnetic interference (EMI) material due to the poor electromagnetic absorption ability. In this work, a multilayer stack strategy compositing of the absorption‐dominated thin films and the reflection‐dominated thick film is proposed to realize both high shielding effectiveness (SE) and low reflection. The film comprises 3D woven silver nanowire (AgNWs) networks embedded in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, and the shielding film thickness can be adjusted via controlling coating cycles. It can be found the three‐ply stack of two thin films and a thick film, (B:F)10(B:F)10(B:F)40, (B:F)5(B:F)10(B:F)40, and (B:F)5(B:F)5(B:F)40, can achieve EMI SEs up to 40.8, 40.7, and 36.3 dB, and the absorptions up to 0.59, 0.65, and 0.69, respectively. Results from verification investigation and theoretical simulation indicate that the multilayer can regulate the shielding mechanism of AgNWs‐based films from reflection‐dominated to absorption‐dominated, with no apparent deterioration of EMI SE. The synergistic effect of a multilayer stack is regarded to originate from a special “absorb‐absorb‐reflect‐absorb‐absorb” course. This finding suggests a promising approach to acquiring both high‐efficient and absorption‐dominated EMI shielding material.
Modified Zinc Magnesium Oxide for Optimal Charge‐Injection Balance in InP Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Heo Dongbeom , Chang Jun Hyuk , Shin Doyoon , Kwak Jeonghun , Bae Wanki , Lee Hyunho
Published: March 2023

Balanced charge injection into the emissive layer is a prerequisite for achieving highly efficient quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). The similar energy distribution of charge transport layers and indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) facilitates excess electron injection to the InP QD layer. In this study, magnesium‐doped ZnO nanoparticles (ZMO NPs) are modified to suppress the electron injection to the InP QD layer. Particularly, hydroxyl groups are effectively replaced by electrically stable states through the passivation of ZMO NPs, retarding electron injection through the ZMO NP layer. The modified ZMO‐NP‐based InP QLEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.6% with a substantially enhanced operational lifetime compared with that of devices made with unmodified ZMO NPs.
General Model for Charge Carriers Transport in Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors
Authors: Luginieski Marcos , Koehler Marlus , Serbena José P. M. , Seidel Keli F.
Published: March 2023

A charge carrier transport model able to describe the typical modes of operation and some non‐ideal ones from electrolyte‐gated field effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is proposed. The analysis include the effect of 2D or 3D percolation transport (PT) and the influence of a shallow exponential trap distribution on the transport. Under these considerations, a non‐constant accumulation layer thickness along the channel can be formed, resulting in a non‐constant effective mobility. The accumulation thickness can depict 2D or 3D PT or even a transition between them. This transition can produce a non‐ideal profile between the linear and saturation regimes in the output curve, region in which a lump appears. Other analyzed phenomenon is the non‐linear behavior for low drain voltage in the output curve, even considering an ohmic contact. This phenomenon is attributed to the traps distribution profile into the semiconductor and the thin accumulation layer thickness close to the injection contact. The conditions when the linear field effect mobility is higher or lower than the saturation one is also analyzed. Finally, electrolyte‐gated organic field effect transistors and OECT experimental data are successfully fitted with this model showing its versatility.