bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oklahoma Bowfishing Values and Perspectives toward Nongame Fishes and Their Management
Authors: York Betsey , Schooley Jason D. , Scarnecchia Dennis L.
Published: July 2022

In response to lacking information on bowfishing, bowfishers, and management planning nationwide, a survey was sent to 15,000 licensed Oklahoma anglers (bowfishers and non-bowfishers) in 2021. Respondents (n = 1,346) were mainly male (73%) and white (74%), had an annual/5-year license (46%) or a lifetime license (39%), and had an average age of 48 (1,182 respondents provided demographics). Questions to bowfishers gauged the importance of bowfishing compared to other fishing activities; trip frequency and motivation; where, when, and which species were targeted; the utilization of fish taken; and attitudes regarding bowfishing regulations. An estimated 24% of licensed anglers had bowfished before. Bowfishing participation in the previous year had more than doubled (4% in 2018 to 9.1% in 2020). Most (57%) had bowfished for 3 years or less; 49% identified as beginners, 43% identified as intermediate, and 8% identified as advanced. Overall, most bowfishing occurred by day (54%), in early summer (May–July), from shore (49%), and in rivers and streams (67%) or reservoirs (53%). Bowfishers sought carps (85%), gars (74%), and buffalofishes (32%). Bowfishers typically used shot fish for fertilizer or buried them (48%), used them for animal consumption (35%) or human consumption (32%), or returned them to the water (20%). Compared to non-bowfishers, bowfishers reported a wider diversity of acceptable outcomes for fish species taken with any fishing method, particularly the nongame fishes. Most bowfishers (86%) and non-bowfishers (94%) trusted the state management agency to appropriately manage native, nongame fishes. Bowfishers were mixed on their support for or opposition to having bowfishing regulations for these species. Some respondents noted that regulations would result in them bowfishing less (23%) or quitting bowfishing completely (6%). Thirty-two percent of non-bowfishers expressed interest in bowfishing in the future. The results of this survey will be used in Oklahoma and elsewhere to aid in designing sustainable bowfisheries that serve the broader public interest while conserving native, nongame species.
Green synthesis of γ‐aminobutyric acid using permeabilized probiotic Enterococcus faecium for biocatalytic application
Authors: Gangaraju Divyashri , Raghu Anjanapura V. , Siddalingaiya Gurudutt Prapulla
Published: July 2022

Probiotics are greatly exploited for use as biocatalysts to synthesize γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). However, the permeability barrier of the cell envelope is considered to be one of the major hindrances in the effective production of GABA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the GABA producing ability of the permeabilized Enterococcus faecium NCIM 5593 cells. n‐butanol treated cells for 10 minutes showed highest activity in comparison to the other solvents and/or detergents used. The optimization of process conditions for better Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity revealed the optimum points to be n‐butanol concentration (10%), cell concentration (60 g L‐1), gutamate (8 g L‐1), temperature (37°C) and pH (5). The predicted Michaelis–Menten model fitted well with the experimental results with a deviation of 0.16 and 0.05 for permeabilized and non‐ permeabilized cells, respectively. Kinetic data revealed that permeabilized cells (Vmax: 0.59 ± 0.02 g Lh‐1; Km = 2.76 ± 0.07 g L‐1) showed higher affinity for glutamate than non‐permeabilized cells (Vmax: 0.18 ± 0.01 g Lh‐1; Km = 4.65 ± 0.09 g L‐1) as evidenced by Vmax and Km values. GABA produced using permeabilized cells were purified using ion‐exchange chromatography and purified GABA (purity; 98.26%) was subjected for structural characterization studies using MS and NMR. Overall, the approach of using n‐butanol as a solvent to improve cell permeability to enhance GAD activity showed a greater promise as a whole cell biocatalysts and the same could be employed for batch operations to decrease the cost of industrial GABA production.
Accelerating COVID‐19 testing: An experimental approach
Authors: Ganesan Chandramouli , Vandavasi Manikandan , Dhaigude Amol S.
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic, ever since its global outbreak in 2020, has continued to wreak havoc. Governments across the world were compelled to enforce strict nation‐wide lockdowns, while emphasising on social distancing and quarantining suspected people in order to slow down the spread of the virus. During this time, there was a massive increase in demand for COVID‐19 test kits. However, given the limited supply, countries were finding it hard to test enough people. This study proposes an approach called Encoded Blending (EB) to increase the number of tests drastically, without increasing the number of test kits. EB modifies the pooled testing method; this has been followed by countries like Germany, Israel and South Korea for mass testing their citizens. EB has the potential to reduce test kits requirement by up to 85% and 80% in a population with 5% and 10% affected cases, respectively.
Incorporation of amino‐functionalized ZnO nanoparticles into polycarbonate/polyvinyl alcohol thin‐film membrane for enhanced water treatment
Authors: Etemadi Habib , Khezraqa Homayun , Hermani Milad
Published: July 2022

ZnO nanoparticles were functionalized with amine groups and incorporated into a thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane. Polycarbonate (PC) membranes were coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ZnO‐NH2 solution using the dip‐coating method. All prepared membranes were applied for the removal of humic acid (HA) in a submerged membrane system at vacuum trans‐membrane pressure (TMP) of 0.3 and 0.6 bar. Attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirmed the formation of PVA/ZnO‐NH2 top layer on the PC support membrane. The addition of nanoparticles caused the hydrophilicity and surface roughness of TFN membranes to increase. HA filtration experiments revealed that at lower vacuum TMP, the TFN with 0.05 wt.% of ZnO‐NH2 nanoparticles showed higher permeate flux. However, at higher vacuum TMP permeate flux significantly decreased. HA rejection did not change with added nanoparticles. As a final result, when vacuum TMP increased from 0.3 to 0.6 bar, rejection of HA slightly increased from 98.3% to 99.1% and 98.3% to 99.3% for thin film composite and TFN with 0.05 wt.% of nanoparticles, respectively.
AC Field Threshold Effect as a Key Factor toward the Efficient Heating of Fluids with NaFeO2 Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Nakonechna Olesya I. , Lotey Gurmeet Singh , Kaur Jaspinder , Bodnaruk Andrii V. , Kalita Viktor M. , Shlapa Yuliia Yu. , Solopan Sergii O. , Tovstolytkin Alexandr I.
Published: July 2022

Principal factors leading to the efficient alternating current (AC) field‐induced heating of magnetic fluids are determined based on the results of magnetic and calorimetric measurements on NaFeO2 nanoparticles and their fluids. Features of the magnetic behavior are singled out, and characteristic magnetic parameters, such as the Curie and blocking temperatures, are determined for the NaFeO2 nanoparticles. The dependence of the fluid caloric properties on the AC magnetic field amplitude and nanoparticle concentration is analyzed. It is shown that the heating efficiency of the weakly coercive NaFeO2 nanoparticles displays an amplitude threshold character, and the heating rate is critically dependent on the AC magnetic field amplitude.
Feasibility of the A‐STEP for the assessment of exercise capacity in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wilson Lisa M. , Potter Angela , Maher Carol , Ellis Matthew J. , Lane Rebecca L. , Wilson John W. , Keating Dominic T. , Jaberzadeh Shapour , Button Brenda M.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate feasibility of the Alfred Step Test Exercise Protocol (A‐STEP) for the assessment of exercise capacity in adults and children with cystic fibrosis (CF); in adults to test whether demographics and/or lung function correlated with exercise capacity.

Methods

Adults and children with stable CF from two centres completed the A‐STEP (a recently developed incremental maximal‐effort step test). Feasibility was evaluated by: usefulness for exercise capacity assessment (measures of exercise capacity were: level reached, exercise‐induced desaturation, and achievement of at least one maximal effort criteria); safety; operational factors; time to complete; floor and/or ceiling effects. We used multiple linear regression to test whether demographics and/or lung function correlated with exercise capacity.

Results

A total of 49 participants: 38 adults (18 male), percent predicted (pp) forced expiration in one second (FEV1) 29–109, aged 22–48 years and 11 children (6 male), ppFEV1 68–107, aged 10–15 years were included. Levels reached (mean (SD) [range]) were 10.2 (2.4) [6–15] (adults), 10.1 (2.5) [7–14] (children); desaturation (change between baseline and peak‐exercise SpO2): was 8.4 (3.8 [0–15]% (adults), 2.0 (2.0) [0–7]% (children). A total of 8 (21%) adults and no children desaturated <90% SpO2. At least one criterion for maximal effort was reached by 33 (84%) adults and 10 (91%) children. There were no adverse events. The A‐STEP was straightforward to use and carried out by one operator. A total of 26 (68.4%) adults and 7 (63.6%) children completed the test within the recommended 8–12 min. All participants completed a minimum of 6 levels, and completed the test before the final 16th level. In adults, ppFEV1 and ppFVC correlated with the level reached (r = 0.55; p = <0.001 and r = 0.66, p = <0.0001) and desaturation (r = 0.55, p = <0.001 and r = 0.45, p = <0.005).

Conclusion

In adults and children with stable CF, the A‐STEP was feasible, safe, and operationally easy to use for the assessment of exercise capacity, without floor or ceiling effects. In adults, lung function correlated with exercise capacity.
Synthesis of a New 1,2,4‐Triazine Derived Azidoxime
Authors: Cleveland Alexander H. , Imler Gregory H. , Snyder Christopher J. , Chavez David E. , Parrish Damon A.
Published: July 2022

A 1,2,4‐triazine based azidoxime was formed via the substitution of a chloroxime (3) with sodium azide in ethanol. This compound was characterized via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This material has a calculated density of 1.746 g ⋅ cm−3 and is less sensitive to impact, spark, and friction, as compared to PETN and RDX. The dehydrated material has a calculated density of 1.823 g ⋅ cm−3 and the detonation pressure and velocity of 4 are calculated to be 29.1 GPa and 8.67 km ⋅ s−1, respectively.
Assessment of dose gradient index variation during simultaneously integrated boost intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Al‐Rawi Salam Abdulrazzaq Ibrahim , Abouelenein Hassan , Nagdy Mohamad El‐Sayed EL , Alabdei Haidar Hamza , Sulaiman Awf Abdulrahman , Al‐Nuaimi Dalya Saad , Khalil Magdy Mohammed , Alshewered Ahmed Salih
Published: July 2022

Objective

Dose gradient index (DGI) is a tool used to evaluate radiation dose gradient outside the target. This study aimed to analyze the consistency of this tool through the long course of radiotherapy due to patient anatomical changes, such as body weight loss and tumor shrinkage.

Methods

A total of 30 patients diagnosed with different head and neck cancer were treated with the simultaneous integrated boost intensity‐modulated radiation therapy technique; the patients underwent new computed tomography (CT) simulations after 10 and 20 treatment sessions. The gradient index was compared for the initial, reconstructed, and adaptive plans.

Results

All patients showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in weight at reconstructed CT1 (RCT1) and reconstructed CT2 compared with original CT. Also, primary gross tumor volume was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) at reconstructed CT1 and reconstructed CT2. In the dosimetric part, all organs showed a significant increase in dose delivery at reconstructed plans (Rplans) compared with the original plan (Oplan). Meanwhile, at adaptive plans (Aplans), all organs showed a significant decrease in dose delivery compared with Oplan. The DGI was significantly increased at Rplan1 and Rplan2 compared with Oplan, with a median value of 29 (15.5–41.3) and 30 (15.1–38) at Rplan1 and Rplan2, respectively, and 25.8 (14.9–37.6) at Oplan. Whereas DGI value decreased significantly at Aplan1 compared with Oplan, and then insignificantly increased at Aplan2 compared with Aplan1.

Conclusion

DGI must be evaluated during the intensity‐modulated radiation therapy course in the treatment of head and neck cancers, which clearly varies significantly as a result of a patient's anatomical changes during the radiotherapy course, and it can be improved or maintained to its original value by using adaptive planning strategy.
Ranitidine and the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Haine Anouk I. , Notenboom Cornelia (Marije) A. W. , Tan Liong (Vincent) P. , Ruiter Rikje , van der Deure Wendy M.
Published: July 2022

Paclitaxel is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. To minimize the risk of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), which occur in approximately 16–42% of patients, premedication with dexamethasone, clemastine, and ranitidine was standard of care. As of October 2019, ranitidine is no longer available. We compared the risk of HSRs to paclitaxel with and without premedication with ranitidine, hypothesizing that the incidence of HSRs to paclitaxel will be similar. In this retrospective cohort study, all first‐time paclitaxel users in the Groene Hart Hospital were included from January 2019 to August 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of HSRs, using a Student's t‐test. One‐hundred and eight patients who were first‐time users of paclitaxel in the Groene Hart Hospital met the inclusion criteria. Most patients were treated for breast or ovarian cancer, followed by lung cancer. Analysis of all 836 paclitaxel administrations was performed. Following 349 administrations with ranitidine as premedication, eight HSRs occurred (2.3%), while following 487 administrations without ranitidine, 12 HSRs occurred (2.5%), p‐value of 0.87. An additional analysis on the occurrence of HSRs per patient was performed: 45 patients received premedication in the form of ranitidine, of which eight patients (17.8%) had a HSR. Sixty‐three patients did not receive premedication in the form of ranitidine, of whom 10 (15.8%) had a HSR, p‐value of .80. In conclusion, we found no difference in the incidence of HSRs during paclitaxel infusions between patients who received ranitidine as premedication versus those who did not.
Evaluation of macadamia felted coccid (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) damage and cultivar susceptibility using imagery from a small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV), combined with ground truthing
Authors: Pulakkatu‐thodi Ishakh , Dzurisin Jason , Follett Peter
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Macadamia felted coccid, Acanthococcus ioronsidei (Williams) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is a significant pest of macadamia nut, Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche (Protaceae), in Hawaii, and heavy infestations can kill branches, resulting in characteristic dead, copper‐colored leaves. Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (sUAV) or ‘drones,’ combined with spatial data analysis, can provide growers with accurate and high‐resolution detection of plant stress due to pest infestations. We investigated the feasibility of using RGB (red‐green‐blue) color images from sUAV to detect dieback caused by macadamia felted coccid infestation and compared sUAV estimates with ground‐based damage estimates (ground truthing).

RESULTS

Spatial analysis showed clustering of foliar damage that reflected cultivar susceptibility to macadamia felted coccid infestation, with cultivars 344 and 856 being susceptible, and cultivars 800 and 333 being tolerant. sUAV and ground‐based estimates of foliar damage were similar for the cultivar 344, but ground‐based assessments were higher than sUAV for cultivar 856, possibly due to the differences in canopy architecture and significant early dieback in the lower canopy. At foliar damage levels <10%, sUAV and ground truthing data were significantly positively correlated, suggesting sUAV may be useful in detecting early stages of macadamia felted coccid infestation.

CONCLUSIONS

Cultivars showed varying susceptibility to macadamia felted coccid infestation and the foliage damage appeared in clusters. sUAV was able to detect the foliage damage under high and low infestation scenarios suggesting that it can be effectively used for the early detection of infestations. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
l‐Carnitine therapy improves right heart dysfunction through Cpt1‐dependent fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Agrawal Vineet , Hemnes Anna R. , Shelburne Nicholas J. , Fortune Niki , Fuentes Julio L. , Colvin Dan , Calcutt Marion W. , Talati Megha , Poovey Emily , West James D. , Brittain Evan L.
Published: July 2022

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal vasculopathy that ultimately leads to elevated pulmonary pressure and death by right ventricular (RV) failure, which occurs in part due to decreased fatty acid oxidation and cytotoxic lipid accumulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation in the failing RV is driven, in part, by a relative carnitine deficiency. We then tested whether supplementation of l‐carnitine can reverse lipotoxic RV failure through augmentation of fatty acid oxidation. In vivo in transgenic mice harboring a human BMPR2 mutation,
l‐carnitine supplementation reversed RV failure by increasing RV cardiac output, improving RV ejection fraction, and decreasing RV lipid accumulation through increased PPARγ expression and augmented fatty acid oxidation of long chain fatty acids. These findings were confirmed in a second model of pulmonary artery banding‐induced RV dysfunction. In vitro,
l‐carnitine supplementation selectively increased fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria and decreased lipid accumulation through a Cpt1‐dependent pathway.
l‐Carnitine supplementation improves right ventricular contractility in the stressed RV through augmentation of fatty acid oxidation and decreases lipid accumulation. Correction of carnitine deficiency through
l‐carnitine supplementation in PAH may reverse RV failure.
Performances of Islamic and conventional equities during the global health crisis: Time‐frequency analysis of BRICS+T markets
Authors: Smolo Edib , Jahangir Rashed , Nagayev Ruslan , Tarazi Christo S. C.
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the dynamic linkages and spillover effect between emerging economies (BRICS and Turkey), focusing on global crises, notably the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study uses daily frequency data covering the period from 2002M5 to 2021M03. For the methodology, the paper employs Wavelet Coherence for multiresolution time‐frequency analysis in addition to the frameworks of Diebold‐Yilmaz Connectedness Index (DY12) and Barunik‐Krehlik Frequency Connectedness Index (BK18). The empirical results reveal that the stock market comovements among sample markets are non‐monotonous and depend on the time and frequency of returns. Significant correlations among the sample countries and a spike in overall spillover are also evident at the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic or the Global Health Crisis (GHC). China, Brazil, Russia, and Turkey with all the other markets, experienced the weakest links during the GHC. Brazil, Russia, and South Africa act consistently (across different horizons) as net transmitters, whereas India, China, and Turkey perform as net receivers. Islamic equities are more likely to “give” and less prone to “receive” than conventional equities. Compared to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the GHC effect is more severe but short‐lived. The findings of this study are helpful to policymakers and diverse investors when making portfolio diversification decisions.
Modified Low Molecular Weight Pure and Engineered Gels: A Review of Strategies towards Their Development
Authors: Khan Finaz , Das Susmita
Published: July 2022

Low Molecular Weight (LMW) amphiphiles are promising class of chemicals that often enable gelation through formation of supramolecular self‐assemblies driven by physical forces such as hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions. These gels are of prime importance for wide range of biomedical applications like 3D‐cell culture, enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, self‐healing bandages etc. due to their ease of fabrication, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of modification and reversibility. However, low mechanical strength limit the applications of these physical gels. Herein, various strategies that have been adopted over the past two decades to advance the properties of different LMW gels are summarized. Structural modification in urea, saccharides, amino acids, peptides, bile acids and nucleobases induce functionalities in the corresponding gels that demonstrate applications such as injectable drug delivery vehicles, stimuli responsive delivery agent, pollutant adsorbents, catalysts, antimicrobial activity to name a few. The review also emphasizes on the developments in the field of engineered gels such as core‐shell, double network and nanocomposite gel scaffolds that emphasizes on a facile modification of LMW gels to yield soft materials with higher toughness and tensile strength to be utilized for biomedical applications. The review also points toward the arenas which lack sufficient investigation and wherein the scope for further development remains.
Effects of Stearic Acid Modification on Ru−Ba−MgO Interaction and the Underlying Mechanism
Authors: He Junqiao , Ding Kang , Yang Xiazhen , Cheng Xiangwei , Huo Chao , Liu Huazhang
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a series of Ru/Ba−MgO−SAx catalysts modified with different stearic acid (SA) contents were prepared by ultrasonic‐strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method. X‐ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐ transformed infrared spectrometry, temperature‐programmed reduction and other methods were used to characterize the Ba−MgO−SAx and its supported ruthenium‐based catalyst. The results show that the addition of SA significantly improves the surface morphology and texture parameters of Ba−MgO support, changes the single adsorption type of Ba2+ in solution, effectively promotes the addition of promoter Ba, and is also beneficial to the regulation of Ru particles and their dispersion, enhances the interaction between the Ba−MgO and Ru, thereby improving the catalytic activity of ammonia synthesis. When the addition amount of SA is 4 wt%, the catalytic activity is the best, and its outlet ammonia concentration is 16.06 % under the reaction conditions of 450 °C, 10 MPa and 10000 h−1.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hexafluoro Functionalized Quinolone Derivatives as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Soda Anil Kumar , Kurva Srinivas , Singh Kamini , Veeragoni Dileepkumar , Misra Sunil , Murahari Manikanta , Madabhushi Sridhar
Published: July 2022

Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antibiofilm agents. Herein, synthesized are a series of hexafluoro functionalized quinoline‐3‐carboxylate derivatives (4 a–7 d) from aryl amines as novel chemotherapeutic agents. The compound ethyl 5‐chloro‐6‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (4 b) exhibited the most potent promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96 with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 1.8 μg/mL and an IC50 value of 15.6 ± 0.04 μM. The presence of ester linkage, electron withdrawing chlorine ortho (5‐Cl) to hexafluoro‐2‐propanol and an unsubstituted nitrogen in the quinolone scaffold enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The compounds ethyl 5‐chloro‐6‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (4 b), ethyl 8‐chloro‐1‐ethyl‐6‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (5 d) and 6‐(2‐ethoxy‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropan‐2‐yl)‐1‐ethyl‐8‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydro quino‐ line‐3‐carboxylic acid (6 c) have displayed a significant cytotoxicity towards cancer cells without any toxic effects towards the normal cells.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hyper‐Branched Nanoparticles with Magnetic and Plasmonic Properties
Authors: Candreva Angela , Parisi Francesco , Bartucci Rosa , Guzzi Rita , Di Maio Giuseppe , Scarpelli Francesca , Aiello Iolinda , Godbert Nicolas , La Deda Massimo
Published: July 2022

Hybrid nanoparticles, composed of an iron oxide magnetic core embedded with gold fractal‐grown hyper branches, have been synthesized by a seed‐mediated growth approach. Magnetic and plasmonic properties have been described respectively through ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and extinction spectra. According to the hydroxylamine amount, used as a surface catalysed reducing agent, the number of branches and the intensity of the fractal growth have been finely tuned and were observed through TEM microscopy. The magnetic core allowed their motion control via an external magnetic field. The plasmonic properties of these hyper‐branched hybrid nanoparticles were recorded similar to those shown by the branched gold nanoparticles, but it is interesting to note that they showed an encouraging photothermal response.
A Synthetic Minimal Beating Axoneme
Authors: Guido Isabella , Vilfan Andrej , Ishibashi Kenta , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Shiraga Misaki , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Golestanian Ramin , Oiwa Kazuhiro
Published: July 2022

Cilia and flagella are beating rod‐like organelles that enable the directional movement of microorganisms in fluids and fluid transport along the surface of biological organisms or inside organs. The molecular motor axonemal dynein drives their beating by interacting with microtubules. Constructing synthetic beating systems with axonemal dynein capable of mimicking ciliary beating still represents a major challenge. Here, the bottom‐up engineering of a sustained beating synthoneme consisting of a pair of microtubules connected by a series of periodic arrays of approximately eight axonemal dyneins is reported. A model leads to the understanding of the motion through the cooperative, cyclic association–dissociation of the molecular motor from the microtubules. The synthoneme represents a bottom‐up self‐organized bio‐molecular machine at the nanoscale with cilia‐like properties.
Predicting locally manageable resource failures of high availability clusters
Authors: Somasekaram Premathas , Calinescu Radu
Published: July 2022

Critical services from domains as diverse as finance, manufacturing and healthcare are often delivered by complex enterprise applications (EAs).High‐availability clusters(HACs) are software‐managed IT infrastructures that enable these EAs to operate with minimum downtime. This article presents a novel Bayesian decision network model to improve the failure detection capabilities of the HACs components using a comprehensive set of characteristics for the analyzed component. The model then combines these characteristics to predict whether the failure of this component can be managed locally at the failed component level without propagating the failure to upper‐level components and causing a complete system failure. By improving the detection capabilities and predicting locally manageable failures, the model improves the decision‐making process of HACs, and has the potential to reduce the downtime and improve availability for the applications protected by HACs. The model uses the capabilities of the Bayesian decision networks, which combines Bayesian networks with the utility theory, to assign weights to different characteristics and consolidate the related variables to output the result. The model evaluation in a realistic testbed environment with three servers, an established HAC and a well‐known EA shows that the model can improve the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of locally manageable failures by up to 9.05% compared to the baseline HAC results.
An overview of the evolving jurisdictional scope of the U.S. Clean Water Act for hydrologists
Authors: Walsh Riley , Ward Adam S.
Published: July 2022

The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal mechanism by which the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of streams, lakes, and wetlands are protected in the United States. The CWA has evolved considerably since its initial passage in 1948, including explicit expansions and contractions of jurisdictional scope through a series of legislative actions, court decisions, and agency rules. Here, we provide a practical summary of the CWA's evolution, detailing the major updates or revisions and their circumstances. Additionally, we identify the jurisdictional scope of the law for rivers and streams, lakes, and wetlands based on the language used and implementation by the agencies during the same time period. While the rulemaking process commonly uses language that will be abstract to many hydrologists, understanding the on‐the‐ground implications, quantifying regulatory (un)certainties, and assessing the magnitude of changes through time is important to understanding the implications of environmental regulation development, litigation, and enforcement. Thus, we translate the enforcement norms and definitions into quantitative estimates for Clean Water Act scope in the Wabash River Basin (Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, USA) as a demonstration of the spatial consequences of changing regulatory language.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Human Water > Water Governance

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
The potential and capability of the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea methanolica in a “methanol bioeconomy”
Authors: Cai Hao‐Liang , Shimada Masaya , Nakagawa Tomoyuki
Published: July 2022

Efficient bioconversion of methanol, which can be generated from greenhouse gases, into valuable resources contributes to achieving climate goals and developing a sustainable economy. The methylotrophic yeast Ogataea methanolica is considered to be a suitable host for efficient methanol bioconversion because it has outstanding characteristics for the better adaptive potential to a high methanol environment (i.e., greater than 5%). This capacity represents a huge potential to construct an innovative carbon‐neutral production system that converts methanol into value‐added chemicals under the control of strong methanol‐induced promoters. In this review, we discuss what is known about the regulation of methanol metabolism and adaptation mechanisms for 5% methanol conditions in O. methanolica in detail. We also discuss about the potential to breed “super methylotrophic yeast,” which has potent growth characteristics under high methanol conditions.
Unravelling gas sorption in the aluminum metal‐organic framework CAU‐23: CO2, H2, CH4, SO2sorption isotherms, enthalpy of adsorption and mixed‐adsorptive calculations
Authors: Jansen Christian , Tannert Niels , Lenzen Dirk , Bengsch Marco , Millan Simon , Goldman Anna , Jordan Dustin Nils , Sondermann Linda , Stock Norbert , Janiak Christoph
Published: July 2022

The report is the first broader evaluation of the gas sorption properties of CAU‐23 for the adsorptives CO2, H2, CH4, and SO2. CAU‐23 is of intermediate porosity among Al‐MOFs with specific BET surface areas of the order of MIL‐100>MIL‐53>CAU‐23>MIL‐160>MIL‐53‐TDC>Alfum>CAU‐10‐H and total pore volumes of the order of MIL‐100>MIL‐53>CAU‐23>Alfum=MIL‐160>MIL‐53‐TDC>CAU‐10‐H. CO2uptake (3.97 mmol g−1, 293 K) and H2uptake (10.25 mmol g−1, 77 K) of CAU‐23 are second in the series and only slightly smaller than for MIL‐160. The CH4uptake of CAU‐23 (0.89 mmol g−1, 293 K) is unremarkable in comparison with the other Al‐MOFs. The SO2uptake (8.4 mmol g−1, 293 K) follows the porosity and higher SO2uptakes were only observed for MIL‐53 and MIL‐100. CAU‐23 is one of the best Al‐MOFs for high‐pressure sorption of CO2, with an uptake of 33 wt.‐% at 20 bar, 293 K. Gas sorption measurements at two different temperatures gave near zero‐coverage enthalpy of adsorptions, ▵Hads0for CO2of −22 kJ mol−1and of SO2for −38 kJ mol−1which is at the low end of the other Al‐MOFs (−22 to −39 kJ mol−1for CO2; −41 to −51 kJ mol−1for SO2), yet ▵Hadsincreases for CAU‐23 with CO2and SO2to −25 and −57 kJ mol−1, respectively. For CO2/CH4and SO2/CO2separation, ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) predicted gas selectivities of 5 and 27–50 (depending on molar ratio and model), respectively, in line with 4.5–6.3 and 17–50, respectively, with most of the other Al‐MOFs, where only MIL‐53‐TDC with 83 and MIL‐160 with 126 gave a higher SO2/CO2selectivity at a molar ratio of 0.5.
Phase Control in the Modulated Self‐Assembly of Lanthanide MOFs of a Flexible Tetratopic Bis‐Amide Linker
Authors: Thom Alexander J. R. , Regincós Martí Emma , Pakamorė Ignas , Wilson Claire , Forgan Ross S.
Published: July 2022

The targeted synthesis of phase‐pure metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is often complicated by the fact that a number of different products can result from the same metal‐ligand combination. The self‐assembly of lanthanide‐based MOFs can be particularly challenging due to the versatile coordination chemistry of the f‐block allowing for diverse coordination spheres with irregular geometries driven by steric effects. Herein we show that modulated self‐assembly – the addition of small molecules to solvothermal synthesis in order to control pH and coordination equilibria – can control phase formation when preparing lanthanide MOFs from the tetratopic bis‐(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)terephthalamide ligand. We report 27 new MOFs, of which 21 are characterised by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, that can be categorised into six structure types. The formation of different phases is largely driven by the contraction in ionic radius across the lanthanide series, but we show how careful choice of both solvent and modulator can influence reaction outcome. As an example, phase pure samples of three Gd MOFs of the same ligand can be selected by simply changing the modulator – acetic acid, benzoic acid, or nitric acid – used in closely related syntheses. These results show that modulation can control phase in f‐block MOFs, just as it can in d‐block MOFs, and provide design rules for uncovering structural diversity by carefully exploring the chemical parameter space of lanthanide MOFs in single ligand systems.
Body mass and growth rates in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) cared for in African wildlife sanctuaries, zoological institutions, and research facilities
Authors: Curry Bryony A. , Drane Aimee L. , Atencia Rebeca , Feltrer Yedra , Howatson Glyn , Calvi Thalita , Palmer Christopher , Moittie Sophie , Unwin Steve , Tremblay Joshua C. , Sleeper Meg M. , Lammey Michael L. , Cooper Steve , Stembridge Mike , Shave Rob
Published: July 2022

Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) mature earlier in body mass and have a greater growth rate compared to wild individuals. However, relatively little is known about how growth parameters compare between chimpanzees living in different captive environments. To investigate, body mass was measured in 298 African sanctuary chimpanzees and was acquired from 1030 zoological and 442 research chimpanzees, using data repositories. An analysis of covariance, adjusting for age, was performed to assess same‐sex body mass differences between adult sanctuary, zoological, and research populations. Piecewise linear regression was performed to estimate sex‐specific growth rates and the age at maturation, which were compared between sexes and across populations using extra‐sum‐of‐squares F tests. Adult body mass was greater in the zoological and resarch populations compared to the sanctuary chimpanzees, in both sexes. Male and female sanctuary chimpanzees were estimated to have a slower rate of growth compared with their zoological and research counterparts. Additionally, male sanctuary chimpanzees were estimated to have an older age at maturation for body mass compared with zoological and research males, whereas the age at maturation was similar across female populations. For both the zoological and research populations, the estimated growth rate was greater in males compared to females. Together, these data contribute to current understanding of growth and maturation in this species and suggest marked differences between the growth patterns of chimpanzees living in different captive environments.
Google Trends as a Tool for Public Opinion Research: An Illustration of the Perceived Threats of Immigration
Authors: Lorenz Reilly , Beck Jacob , Horneber Sophie , Keusch Florian , Antoun Christopher
Published: July 2022

To gather public opinion data on sensitive topics in real-time, researchers are exploring the use of Internet search data such as Google Trends (GT). First, this chapter describes the characteristics and nature of GT data, and then provides a case study that examines the salience of perceived threats related to immigration in Germany based on the share of Google search queries that include language about these threats. Last, we discuss the advantages and possible challenges of utilizing GT data in social scientific research. We used the national polling results for the German right-wing party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)—which runs on a largely anti-immigrant platform—as a criterion measure. GT data did not consistently predict polling data in the expected direction in real-time, but it was consistently predictive of future polling trends (35–104 weeks later) at a moderate level (r = .25–.50), although the size of the correlations varied across time periods and groups of keywords. Our mixed results highlight the low reliability of GT data, but also its largely untapped potential as a leading indicator of public opinion, especially on sensitive topics such as the perceived threats of immigration.
Targeting on Social Networking Sites as Sampling Strategy for Online Migrant Surveys: The Challenge of Biases and Search for Possible Solutions
Authors: Rocheva Anna , Varshaver Evgeni , Ivanova Nataliya
Published: July 2022

Choosing a methodology for migrant surveys usually is a complicated issue for a number of reasons, including the lack of information about sampling frames, and migrants’ status as a hard-to-reach population. The spread of social media usage among migrants has led researchers to look at the potential that Social Networking Sites (SNS) have for migration studies with respect to extracting and analyzing big data, conducting ethnography online, and reaching migrant respondents through SNS advertising. While the advantages of sampling migrants using SNS and surveying them online are clear, the drawbacks of this method—and, even more so, the potential solutions—constitute an almost unexplored field. In this chapter, we address one of the most significant challenges of using this strategy by exploring the biases it may present and the possible ways to resolve them. We use data from five SNS-based migrant surveys conducted during 2016–2018 with various groups of migrants and their adult children (second generation migrants) from Central Asian and Transcaucasian countries in Russia (with N varying from 302 to 12,524). After describing the procedure of surveying migrants with targeting on SNS, we outline the major biases, delineate possible solutions, and demonstrate how some of them—namely weighting based on dropout analysis and external validation—can work regarding the material from one of the surveys. We conclude that, at present, the range of biases remains more considerable than our opportunities to adjust for them, and so it may be time to concede this, and instead direct research efforts to exploring other approaches to data analysis and presentation that are more suitable for contexts of uncertainty—for example, fuzzy set theory and Bayesian statistics. This chapter contributes to the advancement of the emerging field of “tech-savvy” migration studies while signposting its bottlenecks and gains, as well as laying out directions for future research.
Surveying Illiterate Individuals: Are Audio Files in Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews a Useful Supportive Tool?
Authors: Heinritz Florian , Will Gisela , Gentile Raffaela
Published: July 2022

This chapter focuses on specific challenges to surveying newly arrived immigrants with a focus on refugees. In addition to the need to provide interviews for immigrants in their native language, it must be taken into account that a considerable proportion of this group has poor or no reading skills in their native language. Two strategies can be used to avoid systematically excluding this population: offering interviews with native-speaking interviewers or using computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI) with additional audio files that enable respondents to listen to a questionnaire. We discuss the pros and cons of both strategies. Subsequently, using the data from the first wave of the German refugee study ReGES, in which both strategies were offered as a combined approach, we consider their effectiveness and practicability in more detail. Although native-speaking interviewers can increase cooperation and help to not exclude illiterate individuals, they also can encourage a higher social desirability bias. However, illiterate interviewees are more likely to take advantage of the interviewer’s support to read the questions aloud than to use the audio files. Nevertheless, we also found that a small but substantial subgroup of interviewees with little or no reading skills used the audio files often.
Assessing Transnational Human Mobility on a Global Scale
Authors: Deutschmann Emanuel , Recchi Ettore , Vespe Michele
Published: July 2022

In this chapter, we estimate human mobility between countries worldwide on the basis of global statistics on tourism and air passenger traffic. Adjusting and merging the data from these two sources through a simple set of procedures enabled us to counter some of their individual limitations. The resulting open-access dataset, which covers more than 15 billion estimated trips during the years 2011 to 2016, promises to be a comprehensive new resource on transnational human mobility worldwide. In this chapter, we illustrate the data characteristics and transformations adopted in creating this dataset. We explore potential applications and discuss the remaining caveats. We conclude with several lessons from our endeavor that might be useful for researchers who wish to engage in similar data-merging procedures.
Innovation, Value Creation and Impact Assessment
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan
Published: July 2022

Emerging technologies can be defined as a set of technologies whose development and application areas are still expanding rapidly, and their technical and value potential is still largely unrealised. Naturally, this leads to a vivid innovation environment for these technologies. In this book, tech-savvy people can easily read and understand the working principles of 34 different emerging technologies. And then, they can see in what areas these technologies are used and how they can create value. Moreover, the book starts with an “Innovation Journey” chapter. This chapter focuses on innovation and how ideas are converted into value and business. By value, we mean monetary, environmental and social value. In addition, for entrepreneurs and start-ups, we also show the funding and financing mechanisms for innovative ideas.
SDG-9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan
Published: July 2022

Developing and underdeveloped countries need durable infrastructure investments, sustainable industrial breakthroughs and innovative approaches to achieve sustainable economic growth and social and grassroots development and combat climate change. SDG-9, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, is based on three main themes. To provide transportation, information and communication infrastructures, which are an important part of development in line with these goals, the key to sustainable economic growth and raising the welfare level of the society is to develop industrialisation, and new technological developments and new skills in line with innovation are discussed. This chapter presents the business models of 59 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-9. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
SDG-10: Reduced Inequalities
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan
Published: July 2022

The concept of inequality is that two different people or two different societies do not have equal rights and freedoms on the same event, depending on certain factors. Inequality is a situation that prioritises one segment and excludes the other segment. These inequalities can be mainly age, gender, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion and economic situation. Ensuring SDG-10, Reduced Inequalities, is an important step in the path of achieving a more sustainable world. This chapter presents the business models of 21 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-10. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
SDG-13: Climate Action
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan
Published: July 2022

SDG-13, Climate Action, aims to adapt to climate change by mitigating adverse effects and keeping the temperature rise below 1.5° by the end of this century and prepare low-carbon development plans. Investing in adaptation is critical for limiting the adverse effects of climate change on human society. Every efficient policy for combating climate change, on the other hand, must decrease emissions to prevent future warming while also adapting to the unavoidable effects of climate change. This chapter presents the business models of 52 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-13. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
SDG-15: Life on Land
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan
Published: July 2022

Population increases, industry, urbanisation, infrastructure development and agricultural expansion influence landscapes, lowering total habitat size and quality and resulting in ecological degradation. SDG-15, Life on Land, aims to maintain, restore and enhance the utilisation of the terrestrial environment and forest management sustainably, struggle with desertification and stop and reverse land degradation, as well as the loss of biodiversity. This chapter presents the business models of 45 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-15. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
SDG-17: Partnerships for the Goals
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan
Published: July 2022

Global partnerships have been rapidly increased due to the transition to digitalisation, and an event at one end of the world causes different circumstances in many other regions. SDG-17, Partnerships for the Goals, fundamentally calls for strengthening the global cooperation on sustainable development goals in the agenda 2030. SDG-17 has a crucial role in advancing the global partnership and implementation tools in reaching the solutions to social and ecological problems. This chapter presents the business model of one company and use case that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-17.