bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated modelling of seabird‐habitat associations from multi‐platform data: A review
Authors: Matthiopoulos Jason , Wakefield Ewan , Jeglinski Jana W. E. , Furness Robert W. , Trinder Mark , Tyler Glen , Mccluskie Aly , Allen Sophy , Braithwaite Janelle , Evans Tom
Published: January 2022

Quantifying current and future overlap between human activities and wildlife is a core and growing aim of ecological study, spurring ever more spatial data collection and diversification of observation techniques (surveys, telemetry, citizen science, etc.).

To meet this aim, data collected via multiple platforms, across different geographical and temporal regions, may need to be integrated, yet many ecologists remain unclear about the relationships between data types and therefore how they can be combined.

In seabird research, these applied questions can be particularly pressing because many human activities (e.g. tidal and wind renewables, fishing, shipping, etc.) are concentrated in coastal waters, where many seabirds also aggregate, especially while breeding. In addition, seabird coloniality and density dependence present unique analytical challenges.

We review the relevant literature on data integration and illustrate it with example models and data (in an accompanying R‐library and supplementary vignette ), to derive methodological and quantitative guidelines for best practice in conducting joint inference for multi‐platform data. We use systematic survey data to motivate the key arguments, but also overview developments in integration with other data (e.g. telemetry tracking, citizen science, mark–recapture).

We make recommendations on (a) the use of response and explanatory data, (b) the treatment of survey design and observation errors, (c) exploiting dependencies across space and time, (d) accounting for biological phenomena, such as commuting costs from the colony (i.e. accessibility) and density dependence, and (e) the choice of statistical framework.

Synthesis and application. Integrated analysis of multi‐platform data turns many of the seabird‐specific challenges into opportunities for inferring habitat associations and predicting future distributions. Our review proposes practical recommendations for data collection and analysis that will allow seabird conservation to derive maximal benefits from these opportunities.
Unveil the unseen: Using LiDAR to capture time‐lag dynamics in the herbaceous layer of European temperate forests
Authors: Lenoir Jonathan , Gril Eva , Durrieu Sylvie , Horen Hélène , Laslier Marianne , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Zellweger Florian , Alleaume Samuel , Brasseur Boris , Buridant Jérôme , Dayal Karun , De Frenne Pieter , Gallet‐Moron Emilie , Marrec Ronan , Meeussen Camille , Rocchini Duccio , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Decocq Guillaume
Published: January 2022

To understand time‐lag dynamics in the response of biodiversity to contemporary environmental changes (e.g. macroclimate warming and atmospheric pollution), we need to consider former anthropogenic forcing factors such as past land uses and management practices that can have both compounding and confounding effects. This is especially true in European temperate forests, where legacies from past human activities have left strong imprints on today’s understorey plant species composition, generating long‐term lagging effects which can be mistakenly attributed to more recent macro‐environmental changes.

By combining the expertise of plant, soil and historical ecologists together with remote sensing scientists, we review the potential of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to unveil ghosts from the past in terms of former land uses and management practices.

We show that imprints from past land uses and management practices can still be captured today through well‐chosen LiDAR‐derived variables describing, at sub‐decimetre scale, the vertical and horizontal micro‐variations of vegetation and terrain structure hidden below treetops.

Synthesis. We encourage plant and soil ecologists to use LiDAR data and to work with historians, archaeologists and remote sensing scientists in order to select meaningful LiDAR‐derived variables to account for time‐lagged biotic responses to long‐term macro‐environmental changes.
What would it take to meaningfully attend to ethnicity and race in health research? Learning from a trial intervention development study
Authors: Rai Tanvi , Hinton Lisa , McManus Richard J. , Pope Catherine
Published: January 2022

The lack of ethnic diversity in health research participation is a multi‐dimensional problem. Racism and intersectional disadvantage compel us to use racial and ethnic categories to explore health, but race theorists warn that these can be essentialising and pathologising. Yet, the alternative, the pursuit of colour‐blindness, can render the impact of race and ethnicity on health invisible. This paper describes the attempt to recruit an ethnically diverse sample to inform the development of an intervention for stroke patients. The study revealed deep uncertainties and tensions, which we use to re‐examine our own positionalities and perspectives. We focus on the experiences of researchers and participants to show how ‘usual’ research practices are unwittingly exclusionary and promote ‘methodological whiteness’ (The British Journal of Sociology, 2017, 68, S214). Calls for greater diversity in research are frequently made, yet health research remains tainted by the use of problematic epistemological starting points, rendering participation by minoritised people uneasy. Medical sociologists, especially those engaged in clinical trials, have a vital role to play in recalibrating health research to attend to ethnicity and race. This requires us to reflect on our practices, to recognise where we are complicit in replicating social inequalities and to actively engage with communities to produce more inclusive research.
Sustainable human resource management: six defining characteristics
Authors: Kramar Robin
Published: January 2022

Sustainable human resource management (HRM) has been evolving for more than 15 years. It builds on strategic HRM (SHRM). Sustainable HRM is built around broad organisational goals in a number of areas, not just ‘business’ goals. Central to this approach is the link between HRM and sustainability. Sustainable HRM seeks to achieve positive economic, social, human and environmental outcomes simultaneously, in the short term and the long term. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development established Sustainable Development Goals. These provide strategies, goals, activities and management practices which human resource practitioners can apply to further sustainability outcomes. This link with sustainability has contributed to studies in areas very different to SHRM and required consideration of additional theories for insights into Sustainable HRM. This article identifies six characteristics of Sustainable HRM which explain the divergence with SHRM. These characteristics are contradictory outcomes, concern with capability development, the need to recognise potential and actual positive and negative outcomes, attention to the development and implementation of HRM activities, the explicit statement of values informing Sustainable HRM and the design of metrics to promote sustainability.
A single dose of pembrolizumab treatment causing a profound and durable response in lung cancer
Authors: Kondo Yoshihiro , Kunishige Michihiro , Kadota Naoki , Okano Yoshio , Machida Hisanori , Hatakeyama Nobuo , Naruse Keishi , Shinohara Tsutomu , Takeuchi Eiji
Published: January 2022

Profound and durable responses to a single dose of pembrolizumab in lung cancer are rare. We encountered a non‐small cell lung cancer patient showing a deep and durable response with a single dose of pembrolizumab. A 79‐year‐old man reported bloody sputum for several weeks and visited a general physician. A chest x‐ray revealed a tumor shadow in the right middle lung field at that time, and the patient was referred to our hospital. He was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the lung by transbronchial biopsy. The expression of programmed death ligand 1 in tumor cells was 100% by immunostaining. Based on the above, immunotherapy with pembrolizumab was performed as first‐line therapy. Cancer cells had significantly shrunk at the end of the first cycle. The patient had grade‐3 immune‐related hepatitis at the end of the first cycle. Pembrolizumab treatment was stopped and prednisolone (80 mg/body) was initiated. Subsequently, liver function normalized, and prednisolone was tapered and discontinued. Since then, no tumor recurrence has been detected for 1.5 years without treatment. There have been few reports of profound and durable responses to a single dose of pembrolizumab in lung cancer. The results indicate that a single dose of pembrolizumab alone may be sufficient to cause durable response and serious immune‐related adverse events in some cases.
Reconstruction of the trachea and carina: Surgical reconstruction, autologous tissue transplantation, allograft transplantation, and bioengineering
Authors: Ren Jianghao , Xu Yuanyuan , Zhiyi Guo , Ren Ting , Ren Jiangbin , Wang Kan , Luo Yiqing , Zhu Mingyang , Tan Qiang
Published: January 2022

There have been significant advancements in medical techniques in the present epoch, with the emergence of some novel operative substitutes. However, the treatment of tracheal defects still faces tremendous challenges and there is, as yet, no consensus on tracheal and carinal reconstruction. In addition, surgical outcomes vary in different individuals, which results in an ambiguous future for tracheal surgery. Although transplantation was once an effective and promising method, it is limited by a shortage of donors and immune rejection. The development of bioengineering has provided an alternative for the treatment of tracheal defects, but this discipline is full of ethical controversy and hindered by limited cognition in this area. Meanwhile, progression of this technique is blocked by a deficiency in ideal materials. The trachea together with the carina is still the last unpaired organ in thoracic surgery and propososal of a favorable scheme to remove this dilemma is urgently required. In this review, four main tracheal reconstruction methods, especially surgical techniques, are evaluated, and a thorough interpretation conducted.
A multistudy analysis of abusive supervision and social network service addiction on employee's job engagement and innovative work behaviour
Authors: Khan Ali Nawaz , Moin Muhammad Farrukh , Khan Naseer Abbas , Zhang Chenglong
Published: January 2022

Almost every organization aspires to gain a competitive advantage through innovation and creativity. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in the factors that foster or inhibit innovative work behaviour (IWB) and employee engagement. In this study, we used the conservation of resources (COR) theory to examine the influence of abusive supervision on employee job engagement and IWB via a mediator, namely, social network service (SNS). We also investigated the moderating effect of organizational support in this study. Our hypothesized model is supported by multisampling field data sets. We conducted two independent studies to carry out this research. Data were collected from information technology (IT) firms in Study 1 and consultancy companies in Study 2. Multisampling field data sets provided support for our hypothesized model. We found that abusive supervision harms employee job engagement and IWB, both directly and indirectly through SNS addiction (Study 1). In Study 2, we used time‐lag data to replicate the findings of Study 1. We also found in Study 2 that organizational support reduced the positive relationship between abusive supervision and SNS addiction. The indirect link between abusive supervision and employee work outcomes is significantly influenced by organizational support. Implications and future research directions are also discussed.
Family well‐being during the COVID‐19 lockdown in Italy: Gender differences and solidarity networks of care
Authors: Rania Nadia , Coppola Ilaria , Lagomarsino Francesca , Parisi Rosa
Published: January 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, families experienced new challenges related to reorganizing living spaces and the need to renegotiate domestic and care roles. This paper aims to understand how Italian families have reacted to this situation with respect to psychological well‐being, the management of domestic and care activities and solidarity networks of care. The participants were 560 Italian subjects who reported having a parental role. The protocol included a measure of well‐being (the General Health Questionnaire‐12) and some questions related to the time dedicated to domestic activities or to caring for people, the perception of conflict within the family and solidarity networks of care. The data underline how mothers continued to devote more time to home and care activities than fathers, despite the presence of both partners at home during the lockdown. The results also indicate that mothers participated to a greater extent than fathers in solidarity activities, confirming that this dimension is linked to gender. Furthermore, fathers and mothers perceived a lower condition of well‐being in relation to the pre‐pandemic period.
Longitudinal monitoring of neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in a reintroduction
Authors: Marshall Imogen R. , Brauer Chris J. , Wedderburn Scotte D. , Whiterod Nick S. , Hammer Michael P. , Barnes Thomas C. , Attard Catherine R. M. , Möller Luciana M. , Beheregaray Luciano B.
Published: January 2022

Restoration programs in the form of ex‐situ breeding combined with reintroductions are becoming critical to counteract demographic declines and species losses. Such programs are increasingly using genetic management to improve conservation outcomes. However, the lack of long‐term monitoring of genetic indicators following reintroduction prevents assessments of the trajectory and persistence of reintroduced populations. We carried out an extensive monitoring program in the wild for a threatened small‐bodied fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) to assess the long‐term genomic effects of its captive breeding and reintroduction. The species was rescued prior to its extirpation from the terminal lakes of Australia's Murray‐Darling Basin, and then used for genetically informed captive breeding and reintroductions. Subsequent annual or biannual monitoring of abundance, fitness, and occupancy over a period of 11 years, combined with postreintroduction genetic sampling, revealed survival and recruitment of reintroduced fish. Genomic analyses based on data from the original wild rescued, captive born, and reintroduced cohorts revealed low inbreeding and strong maintenance of neutral and candidate adaptive genomic diversity across multiple generations. An increasing trend in the effective population size of the reintroduced population was consistent with field monitoring data in demonstrating successful re‐establishment of the species. This provides a rare empirical example that the adaptive potential of a locally extinct population can be maintained during genetically informed ex‐situ conservation breeding and reintroduction into the wild. Strategies to improve biodiversity restoration via ex‐situ conservation should include genetic‐based captive breeding and longitudinal monitoring of standing genomic variation in reintroduced populations.
Guideline based knowledge and practice of physicians in the management of COPD in a low‐ to middle‐income country
Authors: Ghimire Suraj , Lamichhane Anish , Basnet Anita , Pandey Samiksha , Poudel Nahakul , Shrestha Bhushan , Pathak Santosh , Mahato Gaurav , Shrestha Ram Kumar
Published: January 2022

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death, with 80% of the total death occurring in low‐ to middle‐income countries (LMICs). Nepal is one of the LMIC; COPD is a highly prevalent and significant public health issue often underdiagnosed. Medical physicians' good knowledge and practice to diagnose and treat COPD can help reduce the disease burden.

Objectives

To determine the level of knowledge, practice and factors influencing the practice of physicians regarding COPD management based on GOLD guidelines.

Design

A cross‐sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire was conducted among medical physicians working in Bagmati and Gandaki province of Nepal. Out of total scores, physicians knowledge and practice were graded according to Bloom's original cut‐off point for good (≥80%), satisfactory (60%–78%) and poor (<60%).

Result

A total of 152 medical physicians participated in this study. Out of the possible total score 20, the mean score on knowledge was 17.8 ± 2.4, and out of possible total score eight, the mean score on practice was 5.3 ± 1.3. The correlation test between total knowledge and practice scores showed r = 0.18 and p value <0.02. The most selected factors hindering the appropriate management of COPD was lack of patient follow up and lack of professional training in COPD. Other factors included patient unwillingness to discuss smoking quit plan, lack of screening tool, unavailability of spirometry and physician unawareness of available medicine to treat COPD.

Conclusion

Despite physicians having good knowledge in COPD, the practice in COPD management is below guideline‐recommended. There is a significant, very low positive correlation between total knowledge score and practice score. Proper COPD training to physicians, disease awareness among patients, easy availability of diagnostic equipment and medication can help improve physicians' practice and appropriately manage COPD patients.
Flow cytometry in reactive lymph node aspirates: Evaluation of distribution of populations with immunophenotypic outliers
Authors: Goel Priyanka , Acharya Seema , Ahuja Sana
Published: January 2022

Background

Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for lymphomas has markedly improved when used in conjunction with flow cytometry (FCM), especially to differentiate reactive lymph node aspirates from low‐grade lymphomas, a challenge for cytopathologists. Lymphoma diagnosis by FCM depends on detection of immunophenotypic B‐ and T‐cell outliers, also present in benign lymph nodes albeit in subsets of cells. These can mimic heterogenous populations obtained from lymphomas partially involving lymph nodes.

Methods

In the present study, FCM of fine needle aspiration/scrape material from 30 cases of benign lymph nodes was evaluated for the distribution of lymphoid populations and the presence and percentages of immunophenotypic outliers.

Results

The majority of the samples were cervical nodes with all cases showing T‐cell predominance. CD5/CD19 co‐expression was seen in 23.94 ± 9.51% (20 cases) and CD10/CD19 co‐expression in 3.2%–20.2% (8 cases) of B‐cell events. None of these cases showed light chain restriction. Loss of CD7 (2%‐28.4%) and CD5 (12.7%) expression was seen in 17 cases and 1 case, respectively, of T‐cell events.

Conclusion

Immunophenotypic outliers suggestive of lymphomas could be seen in non‐lymphomatous lymph node aspirates in a subset of the cell population. However, they could be defined as benign due to absence of light chain restriction and normal CD4:CD8 ratios in all but one case, which was confirmed to be benign after clinical correlation and excisional biopsy. Thus, multiparameter FCM along with clinicoradiological correlation can prevent overdiagnosis of lymphomas.
Rapid niche shifts as drivers for the spread of a non‐indigenous species under novel environmental conditions
Authors: Pack Kathryn E. , Mieszkowska Nova , Rius Marc
Published: January 2022

Aim

Identifying niche shifts is key for forecasting future species distributions. Non‐indigenous species (NIS) are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, and understanding how niche shifts affect the spread of NIS is fundamental. Here, we modelled the native and introduced niches, as well as the potential geographical extent of a widely distributed NIS, the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas. We then tested for niche shifts in environmental space and predicted spread under contemporary climate change (CCC) conditions.

Location

Global.

Methods

We used: (1) the two‐dimensional Centroid shift, Overlap, Unfilling and Expansion (COUE) framework and (2) the n‐dimensional hypervolume framework (NDH) to quantify the niches in both analogue and total environmental spaces. Niches were tested for equivalency by comparing the observed and randomized overlaps. Ensemble ecological niche models (ENMs) were then used to predict habitat suitability for the present‐day and two future CCC scenarios.

Results

The NDH framework indicated that the introduced niche of M. gigas has shifted into new environmental conditions compared to the native niche. In contrast, COUE framework implied no niche shift, but the first two dimensions only accounted for a small proportion of the overall environmental variability. Ensemble ENMs revealed suitable areas where M. gigas has yet to be recorded and predicted both a poleward expansion and a tropical contraction of suitable habitat for M. gigas by 2100.

Main conclusions

We found that M. gigas has rapidly shifted its niche in both analogue and non‐analogue environmental spaces since it was first recorded as introduced species over 50 years ago. Our results suggested that niche shifts facilitate both present‐day and future spread of NIS. Additionally, our study demonstrated the importance of modelling niche dynamics in multidimensional space for predicting range shifts of NIS under CCC.
Unboxing the Conference on the Future of Europe and its democratic raison d'être
Authors: Alemanno Alberto
Published: January 2022

This article situates the Conference on the Future of Europe within past attempts at reforming the Union by unpacking its democratic raison d'être and its experimental participatory architecture. After rehearsing the standard account of its genesis, the article frames the Conference as an attempt at creating a new, yet temporary, transnational opportunity structure for participatory deliberation capable of compensating for the lack of a genuine, pan‐EU political and media space. While it would be naïve political solutionism to expect that this ad hoc, top‐down initiative could magically address the EU democratic malaise, the Conference's embedded experimentalism offers a promising first step towards the realisation of the legitimacy‐enhancing potential of participation. Ultimately, the launch of the Conference marks the first explicit admission that citizens—not the Member States or the EU institutions—are the EU's ultimate source of authority and legitimacy. Once Europe's democratic genie is out of the bottle, it will be difficult to put it back in.
Fracture analysis of three‐point bending notched granite beams under prepeak and postpeak cyclic loading by digital image correlation and acoustic emission techniques
Authors: Chen Xudong , Tang Jianhui , Zhang Nan , Dai Feng , Wei Mingdong
Published: January 2022

In rock engineering, cyclic loading may occur before and after the loading forces reach the load‐carrying capacities of rocks. This investigation aims to comprehensively present the fracture behavior of cracked rocks subjected to prepeak and postpeak cyclic loads. In the experiments, fracture mechanisms of notched granite beams were analyzed in‐depth through digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) technologies. The experiments showed that the specimen deformation gradually developed from elastic to elastic–plastic in the prepeak loading–unloading cycles, and microcracking was dominated by tension. In the postpeak cycles, the horizontal strain, horizontal displacement, and effective crack length generally increased cumulatively with the cycle number but locally decreased with unloading. Interestingly, many microcracks were still produced and the proportion of shear‐type AE signals increased during the unloading processes in the postpeak cycles.
Ecological forecasting of tree growth: Regional fusion of tree‐ring and forest inventory data to quantify drivers and characterize uncertainty
Authors: Heilman Kelly A. , Dietze Michael C. , Arizpe Alexis A. , Aragon Jacob , Gray Andrew , Shaw John D. , Finley Andrew O. , Klesse Stefan , DeRose R. Justin , Evans Margaret E. K.
Published: January 2022

Robust ecological forecasting of tree growth under future climate conditions is critical to anticipate future forest carbon storage and flux. Here, we apply three ingredients of ecological forecasting that are key to improving forecast skill: data fusion, confronting model predictions with new data, and partitioning forecast uncertainty. Specifically, we present the first fusion of tree‐ring and forest inventory data within a Bayesian state‐space model at a multi‐site, regional scale, focusing on Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera in the southwestern US. Leveraging the complementarity of these two data sources, we parsed the ecological complexity of tree growth into the effects of climate, tree size, stand density, site quality, and their interactions, and quantified uncertainties associated with these effects. New measurements of trees, an ongoing process in forest inventories, were used to confront forecasts of tree diameter with observations, and evaluate alternative tree growth models. We forecasted tree diameter and increment in response to an ensemble of climate change projections, and separated forecast uncertainty into four different causes: initial conditions, parameters, climate drivers, and process error. We found a strong negative effect of fall–spring maximum temperature, and a positive effect of water‐year precipitation on tree growth. Furthermore, tree vulnerability to climate stress increases with greater competition, with tree size, and at poor sites. Under future climate scenarios, we forecast increment declines of 22%–117%, while the combined effect of climate and size‐related trends results in a 56%–91% decline. Partitioning of forecast uncertainty showed that diameter forecast uncertainty is primarily caused by parameter and initial conditions uncertainty, but increment forecast uncertainty is mostly caused by process error and climate driver uncertainty. This fusion of tree‐ring and forest inventory data lays the foundation for robust ecological forecasting of aboveground biomass and carbon accounting at tree, plot, and regional scales, including iterative improvement of model skill.
The impact of COVID‐19 on patient engagement in the health system: Results from a Pan‐Canadian survey of patient, family and caregiver partners
Authors: Tripp Laura , Vanstone Meredith , Canfield Carolyn , Leslie Myles , Levasseur Mary Anne , Panday Janelle , Rowland Paula , Wilson Geoff , You Jeonghwa , Abelson Julia
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had an impact on all aspects of the health system. Little is known about how the activities and experiences of patient, family and caregiver partners, as a large group across a variety of settings within the health system, changed due to the substantial health system shifts catalysed by the pandemic. This paper reports on the results of a survey that included questions about this topic.

Methods

Canadian patient, family and caregiver partners were invited to participate in an online anonymous survey in the Fall of 2020. A virtual snowballing approach to recruitment was used. Survey invitations were shared on social media and emailed to health system and governmental organizations with the request that they share the survey with patient partners. This paper focuses on responses to two questions related to patient partner experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Results

The COVID‐19 questions were completed by 533 respondents. Over three quarters of respondents (77.9%, n = 415) indicated their patient engagement activities had been impacted by COVID‐19. The majority (62.5%, n = 230) experienced at least a temporary or partial reduction in their patient engagement activities. Some respondents did see increases in their patient engagement activities (11.4%, n = 42). Many respondents provided insights into their experience with virtual platforms for engagement (n = 194), most expressed negative or mixed experiences with this shift.

Conclusions

This study provides a snapshot of Canadian patient, family and caregiver partners' perspectives on the impact of COVID‐19 on their engagement activities. Understanding how engagement unfolded during a crisis is critical for our future planning if patient engagement is to be fully integrated into the health system. Identifying how patient partners were engaged and not engaged during this time period, as well as the benefits and challenges of virtual engagement opportunities, offers instructive lessons for sustaining patient engagement, including the supports needed to engage with a more diverse set of patient, family and caregiver partners.

Patient Contribution

Patient partners were important members of the Canadian Patient Partner Study research team. They were engaged from the outset, participating in all stages of the research project. Additional patient partners were engaged to develop and pilot test the survey, and all survey respondents were patient, family or caregiver partners. The manuscript is coauthored by two patient partners.
Drivers of change in mountain and upland bird populations in Europe
Authors: Alba Riccardo , Kasoar Tim , Chamberlain Dan , Buchanan Graeme , Thompson Des , Pearce‐Higgins James W.
Published: January 2022

Mountain ecosystems have special significance for biodiversity and are vulnerable to climate and other environmental changes. However, few assessments of drivers of change have been conducted in these areas in comparison to other more accessible biomes. In this study, we developed an objective and broad definition of a mountain bird, and systematically reviewed the existing literature for the 34 European mountain and upland species identified in order to quantify which drivers of environmental change have been most consistently associated with positive or negative demographic responses. Raptors and gamebirds were the most‐studied species, whereas mountain specialists and arctic–alpine species were little studied. Using a standardized threat classification, the analyses reported significant negative impacts of hunting, collision with energy‐generation infrastructures, predation by competitive species, human disturbance and poisoning. There were significant positive effects for management of non‐target species, but less support for effects of drivers operating over longer timescales, such as climate and land‐use changes. Analysis of trends in drivers found evidence of increasing temperatures and vegetation encroachment, whereas agricultural impacts decreased, which was largely related to abandonment of grazing. A lack of fine‐grained studies investigating ecological mechanisms and population responses to widespread impacts were highlighted. We have found that some drivers are well studied, but we need to collect more detailed and longer‐term data on species requirements and on the impacts that bird populations face to devise priorities for conservation action and research for mountain and upland birds.
The profile of future consumer with microchip implant: Habits and characteristics
Authors: Žnidaršič Anja , Baggia Alenka , Werber Borut
Published: January 2022

Passive radio frequency identification microchip implants (MIs) have been the subject of public debate for nearly two decades, due to differing views on issues of privacy and impact on the human body, as well as actual successful applications in healthcare. Nonetheless, advances in technology imply that consumers may use MIs for identification, shopping, and other activities in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and habits of individuals who are more likely to use a MI in the near future. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in five countries: Poland, Croatia, Slovenia, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation. Convenience sampling and an online questionnaire were used to collect data from 2037 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research questions, and the results showed the predictors of willingness to use MIs. The potential MI user is male, has multiple social media profiles, and has a history of losing keys, wallets, or ID cards. He tends to use credit cards, contactless payments, and payment services when shopping. His willingness to use a MI decreases with age. Based on these findings, retailers and other service providers can adapt their processes to successfully support the future consumer with MI.
Real‐time imaging of inflammation and its resolution: It’s apparent because it’s transparent*
Authors: Robertson Tanner F. , Huttenlocher Anna
Published: January 2022

The ability to directly observe leukocyte behavior in vivo has dramatically expanded our understanding of the immune system. Zebrafish are particularly amenable to the high‐resolution imaging of leukocytes during both homeostasis and inflammation. Due to its natural transparency, intravital imaging in zebrafish does not require any surgical manipulation. As a result, zebrafish are particularly well‐suited for the long‐term imaging required to observe the temporal and spatial events during the onset and resolution of inflammation. Here, we review major insights about neutrophil and macrophage function gained from real‐time imaging of zebrafish. We discuss neutrophil reverse migration, the process whereby neutrophils leave sites of tissue damage and resolve local inflammation. Further, we discuss the current tools available for investigating immune function in zebrafish and how future studies that simultaneously image multiple leukocyte subsets can be used to further dissect mechanisms that regulate both the onset and resolution of inflammation.
Effect of ZnO on the crystallization and photoluminescence of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots in borosilicate glasses
Authors: Xu Zhousu , Chen Tao , Xia Jiazhi , Man Tao , Zheng Guojun , Yan Jinhua , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Hang , Qiu Jianrong
Published: January 2022

CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) doped borosilicate glass was prepared by the process of melt‐quenching and subsequent annealing. With the introduction of ZnO to the parent glass as the glass network intermediate, the optical properties of the resultant samples are dramatically enhanced. Both the photoluminescence (PL) intensity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) shows a strong dependence on ZnO concentration as ZnO is found to facilitate the precipitated of the QDs by reducing the connectivity of three‐dimensional glass network built from SiO4 tetrahedrons. The tunable visible‐band PL emission of the CsPbI3 QD‐doped glass could find potential applications in white LEDs and lasers.
Measuring the economic benefits of advanced technology use for river flood forecasting
Authors: Lim Siew Hoon , Ge Yue , Jacobs Jennifer M. , Jia Xinhua
Published: January 2022

As part of the Hudson Bay drainage system in North America, the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) has been subject to Spring River flooding in the past century. Previously, forecast errors had led to inadequate flood preparations that resulted in tremendous losses and overspending of taxpayer's dollars in flood response. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s satellite microwave remote sensing technology offers improved snow water equivalent measurement information needed for spring flood forecasting in this region. This study evaluates the economic benefits of the technology use to the farm sector in the RRB. We found that farm support for the technology use for river flood forecast is overwhelming, and higher farm support yields higher willingness to pay for the product use. However, respondents who are content with the existing spring flood forecasts tend to have a lower valuation of the new product. Tellingly, landowners who lease to farm operators have noticeably zero perceived economic valuation of the product even though river flooding on their land could depress future land value.
Correlation between metabolomic profile constituents and feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity
Authors: Krasztel Magdalena Maria , Czopowicz Michał , Szaluś‐Jordanow Olga , Moroz Agata , Mickiewicz Marcin , Kaba Jarosław
Published: January 2022

Background

Feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) is commonly used to diagnose pancreatitis in cats (FP). Untargeted metabolomics has been extensively applied in human and veterinary medicine, but no metabolomic studies regarding FP have been conducted.

Objectives

To identify metabolites significantly associated with increased fPLI.

Animals

Forty‐nine client‐owned cats: 11 clinically healthy and 38 with various clinical conditions.

Methods

Analytical cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling. A panel of 630 metabolites belonging to 26 biochemical classes was quantified in plasma using a commercial metabolomic assay. The correlation between plasma metabolite concentrations and serum fPLI was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Rs) with Bonferroni correction. Multivariable analysis then was performed to control for glomerular filtration rate, liver damage, and blood glucose concentration. The accuracy of selected metabolites in discriminating between cats with normal (≤3.5 μg/L) and increased (>5.3 μg/L) fPLI was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results

Four hundred and seven of 630 metabolites (64.6%) were quantified in all cats. When controlled for potential confounders only 3 sphingolipids were significantly positively correlated with fPLI: 2 cerebrosides: HexCer(d18:1/24:0); (Rs = .56), and HexCer(d18:1/24:1); (Rs = .58) and 1 sphingomyelin: SM C18:0 (Rs = .55). Their AUROCs in identifying cats with increased fPLI were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI 95%], 70%‐94%), 84% (CI 95%, 72%‐96%), and 78% (CI 95%, 65%‐92%), respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Selected sphingolipids are moderately positively correlated with fPLI and appear to have fair to moderate diagnostic accuracy in discriminating between cats with normal and increased fPLI.
Seeing Shakespeare: Narco narratives and neocolonial appropriations of Macbeth in the US–Mexico Borderlands
Authors: Santos Kathryn Vomero
Published: January 2022

This essay examines the racializing logics and consequences of drawing analogies between the works of William Shakespeare and the devastatingly violent realities of the drug trade in the Americas. The particular prominence of Macbeth in the wide range of Shakespearean invocations and appropriations in contemporary US narratives about narcotrafficking cannot be attributed simply to the fact that it is a tale of bloody ambition. Rather, the repeated mapping of a play that comes to its conclusion with an English military invasion of its “barbarous” Scottish neighbors onto the US–Mexico Borderlands speaks to much deeper histories of colonial conquest and to neocolonial interventionist policies and actions of the present. The essay concludes by turning to two recent instances in which theater artists have translated and significantly revised Macbeth in order to reframe dominant narratives about narcotrafficking, racial supremacy, and the border. These productions demonstrate the disruptive and transformative potential of Shakespearean appropriations that resist neocolonial power structures and ideologies.
Fukutin regulates tau phosphorylation and synaptic function: Novel properties of fukutin in neurons
Authors: Tsukui Ryota , Yamamoto Tomoko , Okamura Yukinori , Kato Yoichiro , Shibata Noriyuki
Published: January 2022

Fukutin, a product of the causative gene of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), is known to be responsible for basement membrane formation. Patients with FCMD exhibit not only muscular dystrophy but also central nervous system abnormalities, including polymicrogyria and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the cerebral cortex. The formation of NFTs cannot be explained by basement membrane disorganization. To determine the involvement of fukutin in the NFT formation, we performed molecular pathological investigations using autopsied human brains and cultured neurons of a cell line (SH‐SY5Y). In human brains, NFTs, identified with an antibody against phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), were observed in FCMD patients but not age‐matched control subjects and were localized in cortical neurons lacking somatic immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a marker of inhibitory neurons. In FCMD brains, NFTs were mainly distributed in lesions of polymicrogyria. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the colocalization of immunoreactivities for p‐tau and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), a potential tau kinase, in the somatic cytoplasm of SH‐SY5Y cells; both the immunoreactivities were increased by fukutin knockdown and reduced by fukutin overexpression. Western blot analysis using SH‐SY5Y cells revealed consistent results. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the binding affinity of fukutin to tau and GSK‐3β in SH‐SY5Y cells. In the human brains, the density of GAD‐immunoreactive neurons in the frontal cortex was significantly higher in the FCMD group than in the control group. GAD immunoreactivity on Western blots of SH‐SY5Y cells was significantly increased by fukutin knockdown. On immunofluorescence staining, immunoreactivities for fukutin and GAD were colocalized in the somatic cytoplasm of the human brains and SH‐SY5Y cells, whereas those for fukutin and synaptophysin were colocalized in the neuropil of the human brains and the cytoplasm of SH‐SY5Y cells. ELISA confirmed the binding affinity of fukutin to GAD and synaptophysin in SH‐SY5Y cells. The present results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence for novel properties of fukutin as follows: (i) there is an inverse relationship between fukutin expression and GSK‐3β/tau phosphorylation in neurons; (ii) fukutin binds to GSK‐3β and tau; (iii) tau phosphorylation occurs in non‐GAD‐immunoreactive neurons in FCMD brains; (iv) neuronal GAD expression is upregulated in the absence of fukutin; and (v) fukutin binds to GAD and synaptophysin in presynaptic vesicles of neurons.
Risk factors for developing pacing induced LV dysfunction: Experience from a tertiary center in the UK
Authors: Kanthasamy Vijayabharathy , Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Bajomo Tomi , Monkhouse Christopher , Creta Antonio , Finlay Malcolm , Lambiase Pier D , Moore Phil , Sporton Simon , Earley Mark J. , Schilling Richard J. , Hayward Carl , Providência Rui , Hunter Ross J. , Chow Anthony W. , Muthumala Amal
Published: January 2022

Background

The risk factors for developing pacing induced left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in patients with high burden of right ventricular pacing (RVP) is poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess the determinants of pacing induced LVD.

Methods

Our data were retrospectively collected from 146 patients with RVP > 40% who underwent generator change (GC) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) upgrade between 2016 and 2019 who had left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≥50% at initial implant.

Results

A total of 75 patients had CRT upgrade due to pacing induced LVD (EF < 50%) and 71 patients with preserved LV function (EF ≥ 50%) had a GC. Primary indication for pacing in both groups was complete heart block. Male predominance (p = .008), prior myocardial infarction (MI) (p = .001), atrial fibrillation (AF) (p = .009), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = .005), and borderline low systolic function (BLSF) (EF 50%–55%) (p = .04) were more prevalent in the CRT upgrade group. Presence of AF (odds ratio [OR] = 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–6.58; p = .004), BLSF (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.22–11.8; p = .02), and male gender (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.14–5.08; p = .02) were independent predictors for RVP induced LVD. Age (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14; p = .005) and BLSF (OR = 5.33, 95% CI 1.26–22.5; p = .023) were independent predictors of earlier development of LVD after implant.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that AF, BLSF, and male gender are predictors for development of pacing induced LVD in patients with high RVP burden. LVD can occur at any time after pacemaker implant with BLSF and increasing age associated with earlier development of LVD.
Psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young professionals in blood banks and transfusion services: A global cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Masser Barbara , Herczenik Eszter , Arora Satyam , Boateng Lilian Antwi , Dinardo Carla Luana , Hutchinson Tyler , Ji Yanli , Langi Sasongko Syeldy , Tung John‐Paul , Panchatcharam Sathiya Murthi ,   the ISBT Young Professional Council
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

The COVID‐19 pandemic brought about changes to daily life as measures to contain the spread of the virus increased across the world. The aim of this survey was to assess the psychological impact of the pandemic on young professionals (YPs) in transfusion medicine.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional web‐based survey was distributed electronically to ISBT members inviting YPs (≤40 years) to participate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results

Two hundred and fifty‐nine YPs completed the survey, including 107 clinicians/physicians and/or nurses. Almost half of the YPs (52.5%) indicated increased stress levels and 15.4% indicated symptoms of depression. YPs highlighted the loss of social engagement (59.1%) and increased pressure from information seen on media (35.5%) as factors negatively impacting their psychological wellbeing. Further, 20.8% expressed increased economic stress resulting from concerns about job security. Almost half of the YPs indicated that their organization provided moderate/occasional holistic support to them and their families. Sixty percent and 74.4% of YPs reported increased workload and staff absence due to COVID‐19 infection, respectively. Only half of clinicians/physicians and/or nurses indicated that they often had sufficient personal protective equipment. The majority of these (76.6%) had family/household members living with them, and 61% indicated that they were significantly worried about infecting them because of the nature of their work.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 had a major impact on the well‐being of YPs working in transfusion medicine. Measures are required to ensure that YPs are protected and mentally supported while undertaking their duties in current and future pandemics.