bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professor I.P. Skvortsov the author of the first domestic manual of military hygiene for officers and army doctors
Authors: Zholus Boris I. , Petreev Igor V.
Published: July 2021

In 2021, it was 100 years since the death of a prominent domestic hygienist, Professor Irinarch Polikhronievich Skvortsov (18471921), son of a clergyman, after getting medical education at the Kazan Imperial University and the title of a physician in 1871 he worked for a short time in the position of zemstvo doctor in the Samara Governorate. In 1872 he was admitted to the Kazan Imperial University Department of Hygiene and till the end of his life devoted his scientific and pedagogical activity to hygiene. Irinarkh Polikhrontovich improved his knowledges in hygiene in the years 18731874 under the guidance of Professor A.P. Dobroslavin at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy Department of General, Land and Naval Forces Hygiene where defended his Doctor of Medicine degree thesis in 1874. In 1877, I.P. Skvortsov, associate professor of hygiene at the Imperial Kazan University, published the first in Russia "A short course of military field hygiene for officers and military doctors". Of particular interest is one of the annexes of this course, entitled "Instructions for protecting the health of military ranks of the army" ("Highly approved" on December 2, 1876), which is certainly an important element in the history of hygiene of military personnel. Later Professor I.P. Skvortsov headed the Department of Hygiene of the Warsaw and Kharkov Universities, and finished his career at the Kiev University. The creative heritage of this prominent Russian hygienist professor I.P. Skvortsov is comprehensive and multifaceted but is not fully known by modern specialists.
Revealing of propensity to development of stress-induced somatic diseases in military university cadets based on psychophysiological, psychological and psychosocial characteristics
Authors: Zelenina Natalya V. , Fedotkina Irina V. , Nazarov Sergey S. , Yusupov Vladislav V.
Published: July 2021

It was found that the frequency of stress-induced somatic diseases in cadets during 45 training years increased from 0 in the I cours to 10% in the VVI courses. The first place in frequency is occupied by diseases of the digestive system (K00K93 according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem 10th revision), during the training their level increased from 0 to 7.3%. Diseases of the circulatory system (I00I99) increased to 2.7%. Based on the psychophysiological, psychological and psychosocial indicators of the surveyed cadets, a discriminant analysis was performed and a linear classification function model for predicting the propensity to stress-induced somatic diseases was obtained. The model is statistically significant, the percentage of correct classifications is 95.8%, that indicates a good separation ability of this model. The stability of the model indicators during the entire training period is shown, so that makes it possible to use it as a prognostic model and apply to identify propensity of the junior cadet to developing stress-induced somatic diseases. Timely identification of cadets who are prone to developing stress-induced somatic diseases and personalized approach to psychological correction will contribute to the prevention of somatic health disorders, the increasing of efficiency and reliability of activity and the professional longevity of future military specialists. The indicators included in the model shows that the propensity to stress-induced somatic diseases is determined by both innate features (the speed of nervous processes and the ratio of inhibition and stimulation in the central nervous system, typological properties of the personality), and acquired skills of social behavior (coping models and psychosocial characteristics of the personality), as well as stress-induced neurotic manifestations which accumulated in the process of personal development. Psychological correction should be aimed at awareness and self-disclosure of their personal characteristics while developing the desired behavioral and social interaction skills, as well as training in mental self-regulation skills.
Military surgery research laboratory — yesterday, today, tomorrow…
Authors: Denisov Alexey V. , Golovko Konstantin P. , Nosov Artem M. , Alisov Pyotr G. , Dmitrieva Elena V.
Published: July 2021

Presents the history of organization and development of a unique research unit of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, which is engaged in conducting field experiments and field tests using laboratory animals. The history of the laboratory starts in 1982 with the organization of the combat trauma research laboratory, led by an experienced abdominal surgeon, holder of post-doctoral degree in medicine, professor, colonel of Medical Corps V.A. Popov. Within a short time, the research laboratory succeeded in staffing with highly qualified interdisciplinary team, including surgeons, pathophysiologists, critical care physicians, biochemists, morphologists, microbiologists. This gave the opportunity to carry out research on modern combat trauma not only in the experiments with laboratory animals and on the treatment of casualties admitted to the Academys clinics, but also in the combat environment of Afghanistan war as a mobile interdisciplinary team based at medical institutions of the 40th Army. In June 1993 the Combat Trauma research laboratory was combined with the Shock and Terminal State research laboratory, as a result the War Surgery research laboratory was organized, which joined War Surgery department. The laboratory activity focused on in-depth study of problems of experimental surgery and wound ballistics, pathobiochemistry and pathomorphology of ballistic wound. In July 5, 2011, because of staffing measures the laboratory became part of a newly formed research department (experimental medicine) of the Research Center of the Academy. Then laboratory scientists proceeded with the development of traditional research directions: the study of modern wound ballistics, assessment of weapons damage and protective characteristics of individual body protective facilities (body armor, helmets), carried out in terms of War Surgery, as well as the study of a new type of weapon "nonlethal" weapon, the development of unbiased diagnostic tests and complication prognosis for casualties with multiple trauma, optimization and improvement of treatment policy under variety of conditions. At present, the research laboratory (War Surgery) specialists in cooperation with colleagues of War Surgery department are actively involved in the studies devoted to investigation of combat surgical trauma, effectiveness of modern individual armor, development of medical items and technologies treatment of casualties, taking an active part in the educational process.
Surgical treatment of the consequences of a gunshot wound to the lumbar spine using endoscopic techniques
Authors: Bulyschenko Gennady G. , Gayvoronsky Alexey I. , Liev Pavel S. , Kuznetsov Mikhail V. , Svistov Dmitry V.
Published: July 2021

A clinical case of treatment of a patient with long-term consequences of a gunshot wound to the lumbar spine with a follow-up period of fifteen years is presented. In the last year and a half, the repeatedly recurrent retroperitoneal phlegmon associated with a foreign body of the lumbar spine has prompted a decision on the issue of surgical treatment (removal of a foreign body - a bullet). The location of the foreign body and previous experience with endoscopic foreign body removal played a decisive role in the choice of surgical tactics. Removal of the wounding projectile was performed using a percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic approach. The choice of such an approach was dictated by the peculiarity of the location of the foreign body (coaxial with the endoscopic tube in the foraminal approach), as well as sufficient experience in using the technique of percutaneous endoscopic surgery. At the same time, the conversion plan was worked out in sufficient detail with both posterolateral and anterior open approaches with the involvement of appropriate specialists. So, in case of failure, it was planned to transfer endoscopic access to open, using the already installed working tube of the endoscope as a conductor to a foreign body. In case of inefficiency, for some reason, this version of the operation was planned for the next, third stage: wound suturing, patient turning on the back with a right-hand retroperitoneal approach to the anterior-lateral surface of LI and LII bodies. Fortunately, the purpose of the operation was achieved using the most gentle version of the allowance. The given clinical case testifies that the technique of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic surgery is not limited in indications to the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine.
Norm and human health
Authors: Malov Yuri S. , Borisov Igor M.
Published: July 2021

The concept of norms is common to biology and medicine. It represents the essence of any phenomenon. In medicine, human health is expressed through the category of norm. The basis of the construction of the norm (normology) should be based on the principle of correspondence of morphofunctional properties of the organism to the environment, and not their nature. And then indicators that reflect the stability of a living non-equilibrium system or the state of an adapted organism will characterize (normal) human health. The norm is always stable, otherwise it will not be the norm. The science of human health developed through analysis the decomposition of a complex whole into simple parts. In this case, the object disappeared as a whole, as a system with all its inherent features. The norm was derived from the fitness, balance of the body with the environment. Recently, it has become possible to consider a person as a system that is determined by the relationship of the whole and its parts (the golden ratio). In biology, the golden ratio manifests itself in many ways, from the structure of polypeptides to the human body. The study of a living organism as a system allowed us to establish the harmonic essence of its structure. The idea of the harmony of the world of systems is connected with the relations of "opposites" within the object. The "golden opposites" of healthy people are a kind of norm reference. What brings "opposites" to unity is harmony. Harmony is closely related to the golden ratio. Golden harmony is the basis of human health. Mathematical expression of harmony, symmetry a method of assessing (norm) human health. Deviations from the "golden" relations can be used in medicine as indicators (criteria) for the diagnosis of pathological disorders.
Otorhinolaryngological contusions in mine-explosive injury
Authors: Gorokhov Andrey A. , Mironov Vasily G. , Kasatkin Alexei N. , Baytemirova Naima N. , Koroleva Ksenia Yu.
Published: July 2021

Modern trends in the conduct of military conflicts dictate their own characteristics of the formation of the size and structure of sanitary losses of the otorhinolaryngological profile. Combat trauma to the organ of hearing is characterized not only by an increase in the total number of sanitary losses, but also by various features of the course of the wound process. The organ of hearing, with the development of weapons, becomes an increasingly unprotected and vulnerable area of impact of mine explosive weapons. However, such important characteristics as treatment, duration, and outcomes of ear, throat, and nose contusions are not sufficiently presented for adequate organization of medical support. Otorhinolaryngological contusions were considered in the total mass of contusion sanitary losses with a predominance of closed brain injury and often without taking into account otorhinolaryngological contusions. Victims completed treatment in separate medical battalions, hospitals and wards for the lightly wounded. The number of injured by shrapnel and concussion increases with the use of explosive weapons, due to an increase in associated wounds. The experience of the Great Patriotic War showed that otorhinolaryngological shell-shocked patients in frequency account for about 32.5% of all shell-shocked, therefore, in 67.5% of the remaining shell-shocked otorhinolaryngological contusions were concomitant, the main manifestation of the trauma was a closed brain injury. Otorhinolaryngological shell-shocked patients are a special case of general contusion or concussion-contusion syndrome from the direct impact of a sharp drop in air pressure during explosions. The leading manifestation of otorhinolaryngological contusion syndrome is vestibular and auditory disorders, decreased hearing acuity with a whole eardrum, which occurred in all victims. There were also neurological abnormalities such as short-term loss of consciousness, dizziness, fading nystagmus, stuttering, etc., which subsided a few days after the start of conservative therapy.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Microseismicity Seismic Source Properties at the Irpinia Near-Fault Observatory, Southern Italy
Authors: Picozzi Matteo , Bindi Dino , Festa Gaetano , Cotton Fabrice , Scala Antonio , D’Agostino Nicola
Published: July 2021

We estimate the source parameters of small-magnitude earthquakes that occurred during 2008–2020 in the Irpinia faults area (southern Italy). We apply a spectral decomposition approach to isolate the source contribution from propagation and site effects for ∼3000 earthquakes in the local magnitude range between ML 0 and 4.2. We develop our analyses in three steps. First, we fit the Brune (1970) model to the nonparametric source spectra to estimate corner frequency and seismic moment, and we map the spatial distribution of stress drop across the Irpinia area. We found stress drops in the range 0.4–8.1 MPa, with earthquakes deeper than 7 km characterized by higher average stress drop (i.e., 3.2 MPa). Second, assuming a simple stress-release model (Kanamori and Heaton, 2000), we derive fracture energy and critical slip-weakening distance. The spatial variability of stress drop and fracture energy allows us to image the present stress conditions of fault segments activated during the 23 November 1980 Ms 6.9 earthquake. The variability of the source parameters shows clear patterns of the fault mechanical properties, suggesting that the Irpinia fault system can be divided into three main sectors, with the northern and southern ones showing different properties from the central one. Our results agree with previous studies indicating the presence of fluids with different composition in the different sectors of the Irpinia fault system. In the third step, we compare the time evolution of source parameters with a time series of geodetic displacement recorded near the fault system. Temporal trends in the correlation between geodetic displacement and different source parameters indicate that the poroelastic deformation perturbation generated by the karst aquifer recharge is modulating not only the occurrence rate of microseismicity (D’Agostino et al., 2018) but may lead to rupture asperities with different sizes and characteristics.
The Western Gulf of Corinth (Greece) 2020–2021 Seismic Crisis and Cascading Events: First Results from the Corinth Rift Laboratory Network
Authors: Kaviris George , Elias Panagiotis , Kapetanidis Vasilis , Serpetsidaki Anna , Karakonstantis Andreas , Plicka Vladimír , De Barros Louis , Sokos Efthimios , Kassaras Ioannis , Sakkas Vassilis , Spingos Ioannis , Lambotte Sophie , Duverger Clara , Lengliné Olivier , Evangelidis Christos P. , Fountoulakis Ioannis , Ktenidou Olga-Joan , Gallovič František , Bufféral Simon , Klein Emilie , Aissaoui El Madani , Scotti Oona , Lyon-Caen Helene , Rigo Alexis , Papadimitriou Panayotis , Voulgaris Nicholas , Zahradnik Jiri , Deschamps Anne , Briole Pierre , Bernard Pascal
Published: July 2021

We investigate a seismic crisis that occurred in the western Gulf of Corinth (Greece) between December 2020 and February 2021. This area is the main focus of the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) network, and has been closely monitored with local seismological and geodetic networks for 20 yr. The 2020–2021 seismic crisis evolved in three stages: It started with an Mw 4.6 event near the northern shore of the Gulf, opposite of Aigion, then migrated eastward toward Trizonia Island after an Mw 5.0 event, and eventually culminated with an Mw 5.3 event, ∼3  km northeast of the Psathopyrgos fault. Aftershocks gradually migrated westward, triggering another cluster near the junction with the Rion–Patras fault. Moment tensor inversion revealed mainly normal faulting; however, some strike-slip mechanisms also exist, composing a complex tectonic regime in this region dominated by east–west normal faults. We employ seismic and geodetic observations to constrain the geometry and kinematics of the structures that hosted the major events. We discuss possible triggering mechanisms of the second and third stages of the sequence, including fluids migration and aseismic creep, and propose potential implications of the Mw 5.3 mainshock for the seismic hazard of the region.
Um olhar crítico sobre a Maison des Petits: O relatório de viagem de estudo da bolseira Irene Lisboa (1933)
Authors: Pintassilgo Joaquim
Published: July 2021

O presente texto contextualiza e apresenta o relatório de viagem de estudo de Irene Lisboa, educadora e escritora portuguesa, que fez, como bolseira, um curso de dois anos no Instituto Jean-Jacques Rousseau de Genebra, tendo, a seguir, visitado instituições educativas em Bruxelas e em Paris. Enfatiza-se aqui a parte do relatório dedicada à Maison des Petits.
Caminhos da educação de Infância em Portugal: Políticas e perspetivas contemporâneas.
Authors: Baptista Eva
Published: July 2021

A obra Caminhos da Educação de Infância em Portugal: Políticas e perspetivas contemporâneas, deve a sua organização a António Gomes Ferreira e Luís Mota. Constitui uma referência nesta área, uma vez que apresenta o mais completo panorama comparativo da evolução histórica da educação da infância em Portugal, abordando, ainda, rumos caros à contemporaneidade, como a educação para a igualdade do género e a literacia emocional.
The waste management sector of Hungary
Authors: Horváth Ágnes , S. Gubik Andrea , Kis-Orloczki Mónika , Lipták Katalin
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the waste management sector faces a number of challenges. Changes in consumer habits generatehuge amounts of industrial and household waste. Today’s trends, which involve a higher use of critical rawmaterials, such as in the manufacture of batteries and solar cells, make it urgent to extract valuable raw materialsfrom waste. The waste sector as a whole, taking into consideration all levels of the waste hierarchy (prevention,reuse, recycling, energy recovery, landfilling), is a significant branch of the national economy, both in terms ofemployment and income-generating capacity. In addition, the sector can be considered a major intermediary inindustrial value chains as it contributes to the generation of secondary raw materials that can be sold to industriesand thus help to achieve a circular economy through the collection, treatment and processing of waste.
Panic Buying in Hungary During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sikos T. Tamás , Papp Vanda , Kovács András
Published: July 2021

The study examines buyers’ behavior in Hungary during COVID -19 pandemic based on a non-representativeonline questionnaire that was carried out during the time of lockdown in Hungary in March 2020. We would liketo find out whether there was really accumulation of goods, and if so, which product ranges were involved. Howdid the outbreak of COVID-19 change shopping behavior? In which direction did it move and could retail tradereact to the unexpected, rapid challenge of going online? Can the respondents be identified with the traditionalbuying behaviour pattern and can it be typified with it? In our study we provide an overview of the anomaliesdetected in the Hungarian “panic buying” concerning shopping frequency, spending and product avoidance. First,we introduce the main behavioral patterns of shoppers during the “panic buying period” in Hungary, then wedraft different types of customers. Second, we highlight some statistically significant relations with regionalaspects. Here connections are identified between shopping frequency, spending, stock piling and the places ofresidency of the surveyed people. Third, we categorised customers into five groups with cluster analysis. The maincluster forming differences are the altered sense of well-being and the attitude differences in stock piling.
Peacekeeping in a changing world at the turn of the century
Authors: Zagitova Victoria
Published: July 2021

Political processes have been challenged since the the late twentieth century as many new actors have been involved in the international relations. As a result, a definition of peacekeeping has been considerably changed compared to what was laid down in the UN Charter by the countries-founders.
The globalization and technological development have influenced the transformation of peacekeeping. Meanwhile, the tendency of using military force to maintain peace is increasing.
What is peacekeeping now, and could it be considered as an effective tool of peace maintenance and conflict prevention throughout the world?
Chrystologiczne podstawy proekologicznej działalności Kościoła
Authors: Wilczkiewicz Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

Współczesny świat dotknięty został kryzysem ekologicznym, który stanowi wyzwanie dla całej rodziny ludzkiej, a jednocześnie znak czasu. Również Kościół katolicki angażuje się w jego przezwyciężenie, zwłaszcza poprzez działalność katolików świeckich, kształtujących porządek doczesny. Chrześcijanie odnajdują w swojej wierze nadprzyrodzoną motywację do troski o stworzony świat. Jest nią Osoba i dzieło samego Jezusa Chrystusa. Poprzez swoje wcielenie wszedł on w świat materialny, przebóstwiając go. Dokonując dzieła zbawienia, wyzwolił od zepsucia grzechu nie tylko ludzi wszystkich czasów, lecz całe stworzenie. Przebywając na świecie, w trakcie swojego ziemskiego życia, obcował z przyrodą i korzystał z niej w moralnie godziwy sposób. Wcielenie, odkupienie i postawa Jezusa stanowią więc ważną przesłankę dla działania całego Kościoła.
Comparison of ultrasound findings in Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy for differential diagnosis
Authors: Basiri Keivan , Abdollahian Mahsa , Ghasemi Majid
Published: July 2021

Background: Peripheral nerve ultrasound (US) has been used as a promising diagnosing technique for peripheral nerve disorders. This study aimed to compare the US findings of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).
Methods: This case-control study was done on 25 patients with GBS at 3 weeks after onset of disease and 25 patients with CIDP. Demographic information and US results of median nerve at 2 points, ulnar nerve at 3 points, and tibial and peroneal nerves were collected.
Results: Left median nerve diameter in patients with CIDP with the mean of 0.141 ± 0.047 was more than GBS group with the mean of 0.095 ± 0.034 (P < 0.001). Both sides of median nerve diameter in patients with CIDP were higher than patients with GBS (P < 0.050), but in the left side, it was more in patients with CIDP (P = 0.003).
Conclusion: The diameter and circumference of median, ulnar, and tibial nerves in forearm and elbow of patients with CIDP are more than patients with GBS; therefore, it may be possible to use US findings based on these differences in diagnosis and differentiation of the two diseases.
Risk of recurrence after antiepileptic withdrawal: Was it a good decision or not?
Authors: Koken Ozlem Yayici , Aksoy Ayse , Kucur Ozge , Kafali Mehpare
Published: July 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the demographic-clinical variables affecting idiopathic epilepsy (IE) [called genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE)] recurrence and determine cut-off values that can be used in pediatric neurology practice for children with IE/GGE.
Methods: A total of 250 children and adolescents with IE/GGE were included and retrospectively evaluated. The patients’ hospital records were examined in order to identify possible electro-clinical features affecting epilepsy recurrence.
Results: The overall rate of recurrence in the patients was 46%; the age at onset of seizures in recurrence group was lower (P = 0.040) and the age at last seizure was higher in the recurrence group (P < 0.001) than that in the non-recurrence group. Other factors found to be related to recurrence were the shorter duration of the seizure-free period (P = 0.030), shorter interval between the last seizure and antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal (P = 0.003), shorter duration of AED withdrawal (P = 0.005), and the existence of abnormalities on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) during AED withdrawal (P = 0.010) and at the 6th month of withdrawal (P < 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the risk of IE recurrence was higher in children who were younger than 3.6 years old (sensitivity: 65.6%, specificity: 62.7%), children with a seizure-free period that was shorter than 35.5 months (sensitivity: 89.6%, specificity: 32.8%), and children whose drug withdrawal period was shorter than 4.5 months (sensitivity: 56.3%, specificity: 71.6%).
Conclusion: This study defined some electro-clinical factors that could guide clinicians when deciding to withdraw AEDs with regard to recurrence risk after evaluating a homogenous population of children with a diagnosis of IE/GGE.
Medical history risk factors in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A case-control study
Authors: Maroufi Hossein , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser , Rezaei-Aliabadi Hossein , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Eskandarieh Sharareh
Published: July 2021

Background: The association between medical history and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) development has not been well documented in the pertinent literature. The possible association between 23 medical diseases and PPMS occurrence was assessed in the present study.
Methods: In order to figure out the possible association between several medical histories and PPMS occurrence, the present population-based case-control study examined 143 PPMS cases in Tehran, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. Diagnosis of PPMS was confirmed by neurologists based on the 2017 McDonald criteria. Sex-matched healthy controls (n = 143) were selected using the random-digit dialing (RDD) technique. Face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted for gathering the data. The conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratio (OR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: A significant association was found between PPMS development and diseases like depression (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.49-6.53), migraine (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.67), infectious mononucleosis (OR = 13.16, 95% CI: 2.74-63.17), hypothyroidism (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.23-8.30), and kidney failure (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.41-9.99).
Conclusion: Lifetime history of depression, infectious mononucleosis, hypothyroidism, and kidney failure might increase the risk of PPMS development, while individuals with positive history of migraine disease are at lower risk for developing PPMS.
The comparison of post-dural puncture headache treatment with acetaminophen-caffeine capsule and intravenous mannitol infusion: A randomized single-blind clinical trial
Authors: Shahriari Ali , Nataj-Majd Masoumeh , Khooshideh Maryam , Salehi-Vaziri Sepideh
Published: July 2021

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common problem after spinal anesthesia. Depending on the severity of PDPH, there are both invasive and non-invasive treatments. Caffeine has been used for the treatment of PDPH since 1949, but the administration of mannitol is a novel management to tackle PDPH. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acetaminophen-caffeine and mannitol in the treatment of PDPH.
Methods: We enrolled 80 patients with PDPH in the present clinical trial and observed them during 72 hours after cesarean section. Participants were randomly and equally allocated to two groups for treatment with intravenous (IV) mannitol or oral acetaminophen caffeine. The effects of treatment were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire at hours of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48. SPSS software was used.
Results: Forty patients in each group completed the study. There was a significant reduction in the pain scores of the both groups after treatment, but the interaction between time and group demonstrated that mannitol administration was superior to acetaminophen-caffeine in pain reduction of the patients undergoing spinal anesthesia (P = 0.028). Patients’ satisfaction in the mannitol group was significantly higher than the caffeine group (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggests that IV mannitol infusion affects faster and earlier for the treatment of PDPH than acetaminophen-caffeine capsule. Mannitol could be probably more effective for treatment of PDPH.
Can multiple system atrophy clinically be misdiagnosed as corticobasal syndrome in the early stages?
Authors: Saeedi Yasaman , Emamikhah Maziar , Shoeibi Ali , Rohani Mohammad
Published: July 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Investigation the Effects of Adding Intravenous Transoxalic Acid and Its Complications in the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage after Vaginal Delivery in Patients Admitted to Ali-ibn-Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan
Authors: Hajian Tahereh , Razavi Maryam , Dashipour Ali
Published: July 2021

Background: This study was designed to investigate the effect of tranexamic acid and its side effects in preventing postpartum hemorrhage in patients referred to Ali ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan during 2020-2021.
Methods: Patients were divided into two groups of 85 patients. Vital signs as well as drug side effects related to tranexamicity are monitored and recorded every15 minutes in the first hour and every 30 minutes in the second hour. Also, blood samples are taken from patients to measure hemoglobin and hematocrit within6 hours after delivery. The number and weight difference of droschitis used during 2 hours after delivery are also measured. In addition, PPH (Postpartum hemorrhage) cases in both groups were checked by repeated examination of the uterine fundus during the first 2 hours and after 6 weeks.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the number of deliveries and further decrease in hemoglobin levels in the control group compared to the intervention group. Nausea, vomiting, and dizziness were observed in the intervention group and thrombosis was not observed in any group. According to the independent samples t-test, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean blood volume lost between the two groups. The mean hematocrit drop was statistically significant between the two groups. No blood transfusion was observed in any of the patients.
Conclusion: Tranxamic acid injections can effectively reduce postpartum hemorrhage and reduce maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit following this complication.
The Role of miRNAs in PI3K Signaling Pathway in Blood Malignancies: A Review Article
Authors: Gaffari-Nazari Haniyeh , Karami Samira , Noorazar Leila , Parkhideh Sayeh , Roshandel Elham , Soleimani Masoud
Published: July 2021

Background: The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most important intracellular signaling pathways by regulating the cell cycle process. The direct relationship of this pathway with important mechanisms such as cell quiescence, longevity, and proliferation has been established. The overactive PI3K pathway with decreased and increased apoptosis and cell proliferation respectively is involved in pathogenesis of many cancers, including blood malignancies such as leukemia.
Methods: Laboratory findings have shown that different factors, such as miRNAs, play a role in regulating PI3K signaling pathway. These molecules can alter the fate of a cell by interfering in suppression/overexpression of mRNA, transcription factors or stimulating the transcription of some genes. In this article, we reviewed the role of miRNAs in regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its effect on leukemic progression and treatment failure.
Conclusion: At present, miRNAs are known to be one of the causes of treatment failure and relapse in cancers.
Hacia una infraestructura cooperativa: cultura política solidaria en presupuestos participativos
Authors: Cáñez Cota Antonio , Beret Rodríguez Mariano Jorge
Published: July 2021

Este artículo explora la cultura política inherente en presupuestos participativos. La calidad de la participación ciudadana está en función de una cultura política solidaria, la cual produce una infraestructura cooperativa propicia para que dicha participación sea más efectiva. La investigación se basa en una encuesta a 176 personas en vivienda en los municipios de Etzatlán y Acatlán, Jalisco, México, y se matizan algunos datos con resultados de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se concluye constatando una vinculación interdependiente entre la cultura política solidaria (a nivel familiar), las prácticas organizativas (a nivel de barrio) y la deliberación pública (a nivel municipal).
Differences Between the Recognition and Enforcement of Authentic Instruments and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments
Authors: Dymitruk Maria , Gołaczyński Jacek , Kaczorowska Maria , Rodziewicz Piotr
Published: July 2021

The subject of the article is to analyse and compare the specificity of judgments and authentic instruments in terms of cross-border recognition and enforcement under the Brussels I Recast Regulation framework. Particular focus has been put on the practical aspects of the definition of an authentic instrument. Selected detailed issues arising against this background have been discussed with reference to the Polish legal order as well as the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Based on the undertaken considerations, some proposals have been formulated regarding the enhancement of the free circulation of authentic instruments within the European Union.
The Albanian Enforcement System
Authors: Kola Flutura
Published: July 2021

This article presents an overview of the Albanian legal system of enforcement in the civil and commercial area. Its purpose is not only to identify the enforcement system in Albania and the characteristics of each enforcement title but also to compare it with that of the Brussels IA Regulation. The article concludes that the Albanian enforcement system is built on the spirit of the European system and is very similar to several European countries. However, the range of foreign enforcement titles that can be recognized and enforced in Albania is narrower than that provided in the European Union countries. Therefore, it should be expanded to include, in addition to irreversible judgments, other European enforcement acts, such as European Payment Order, Settlement Agreements, Authentic instruments, etc.
Recovery of Interest in Enforcement Procedure in the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Merc Irena
Published: July 2021

In Slovenian enforcement procedures, the principle of formal legality applies, so the enforcement court is bound by the enforceable title. The court must allow the enforcement of the claim as it follows from the enforceable title. The creditor also needs an enforceable title to claim interest. Interest arising from a Slovenian enforceable title shall be executed at the interest rate specified in Slovenian legislation. In the Republic of Slovenia, interest arising from a foreign enforceable title takes place at the interest rate determined by a foreign substantive provision. If the interest rate is determinable in a foreign enforceable title, the Slovenian Enforcement Court shall concretise the obligation by determining the interest rate determined by foreign law before issuing the writ of execution.
Application of Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights in Enforcement Proceedings
Authors: Višinskytė Dalia , Kirkutis Mykolas , Jokubauskas Remigijus , Višinskis Vigintas
Published: July 2021

The application of procedural guarantees of the right to a fair trial is significant for effective legal defence. Certain element of the right to a fair trial are applicable in enforcement proceedings, such the requirement for reasonable length of enforcement proceedings, cooperation between the parties, the principle of adversarial proceedings. Since enforcement proceedings are an integral part of litigation in the court, states may be liable for a failure to ensure effective enforcement proceedings.
Полевая организация глагольной лексики (на примере глаголов со значением ‘защищать’ в русском языке)
Authors: Литвинович Анжелика
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается лексико-семантичесая группа глаголов защиты в русском языке. Задачей исследования является выявление особенностей семантической структуры глаголов, которые включают компоненты ‘защищать’, ‘каузировать’, и описание принципов организации поля каузативных глаголов защиты.

Исследование способствует разрешению некоторых спорных моментов в теории каузативности: разграничение каузативных и некаузативных глаголов, границы класса каузативных глаголов, ядерные и периферийные элементы категории каузативности на примере лексико-семантической группы глаголов защиты. Наличие небольшого количества фрагментарных исследований категории каузативности в русском языке в данном аспекте подчеркивает актуальность и необходимость проведения данной работы.

Методы исследования: контекстуальный, трансформационный, компонентный, дистрибутивный анализ, анализ словарных дефиниций.

В ходе исследования были получены следующие результаты. Ядро и периферия лексико-семантической группы глаголов защиты и каузативных глаголов не совпадает. Среди глаголов с семантикой ‘защищать’ выявлена единица, которая в своей семантической структуре не содержит компонент ‘каузировать’. Систематизированы критерии периферийного положе­ния ЛСГ глаголов защиты в классе каузативных глаголов.
Rectal prolapse in children. Causes, diagnostics, treatment (a literature review)
Authors: Pimenova E. S. , Korolev G. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Rectal prolapse is evagination of the rectal wall outside the anal opening. It can be full-thickness, partial thickness or mucosal. Rectal prolapse is most often met in children from 1 to 4 years of age. This is due to their anatomical features: vertical position of the rectum (open anorectal angle), mobile sigmoid colon, increased mobility of the rectal mucous. Chronic constipation plays an important role in evagination as well as infection, parasitic diseases and cystic fibrosis.Material and methods. Literature searches were done in Scopus, PubMed, Google Scolar and eLibrary databases.Results. Diagnostics includes disease history and physical examination. It is important to differentiate rectal prolapse from hemorrhoids and prolapsing rectal polyps. Photos taken by parents at the moment of prolapse can benefit in making a rapid and correct diagnosis as at the moment of examination the prolapse has very often been corrected. Currently, there are three basic approaches for rectal prolapse care: conservative, sclerotherapy and surgical. The conservative treatment is aimed to reduce the prolapse and to treat the basic disease. Sclerotherapy is the injection of the preparation which causes local inflammation and fibrosis. The injection is made into the pararectal space. If the conservative treatment is ineffective and the patient suffers of frequent prolapses, strangulation, mucous bleedings, than surgical treatment may be indicated for children older than 4.Conclusion. The meta-analysis, performed recently, has demonstrated that conservative treatment is recommended for children before 4 because spontaneous prolapse correction is often seen in this age group. 70% ethyl alcohol is very effective as the sclerosant. Surgical interventions in case of the rectal prolapse are various; open and laparoscopic rectopexy is considered the most effective one. In some cases, rectum fixation with mesh is indicated. Currently, there is no any technique for rectal prolapse treatment which could guarantee no recurrences. Curative tactics is always individual.
Problems with diagnostics in newborn having the combined pathology of gastric membrane and intestinal atresia
Authors: Gumerov A. A. , Galimov I. I. , Nafikova R. A. , Neudachin A. E. , Miniakhmetov A. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction and require urgent surgical care in the neonatal period. In the overall structure of GIT, gastrointestinal defects amount up to 25%. Duodenal atresia accounts for 1 case per 7,000–10,000 newborns; jejunal and ileac atresia - 1 case per 1,000–3,000 newborns. Often, the diagnosis is made antenatal. In most cases, diagnostics of intestinal atresia is not difficult, and treatment is carried out in a timely manner. However, in rare cases, intestinal atresia is combined with other congenital malformations in GIT, for example, stomach or duodenum webs. In such a case, if during the atresia surgical correction, a gastric membrane was not suspected, then in the postoperative period there may be problems with treatment requiring additional diagnostics. As a result, web surgical correction is postponed, and the child’s general state can worsen.Material and methods. The authors discuss two cases and their treatment in newborn children who had membranes in their stomach and duodenum combined with the intestinal atresia.Results. The authors also discuss problems which they faced in the diagnostics and treatment. They give their recommendations how to improve diagnostics in children with combined congenital malformations in their gastro-intestinal tract.Conclusion. The full range of diagnostic measures before surgery and a thorough revision of abdominal organs during surgery are key issues in children with gastric and duodenal abnormalities. Undiagnosed and undetected malformations during the first surgical intervention may require a repeated surgical intervention which can worsen the child’s general state.
Brooding Over the Closet: Differentiating Sexual Orientation Rumination and Sexual Orientation Obsessions
Authors: Luxon Alexandria M. , Chasson Gregory S. , Williams Monnica T. , Skinta Matthew D. , Galupo M. Paz
Published: July 2021

Two concepts that describe repetitive thoughts regarding an individual's sexual orientation—sexual orientation rumination and sexual orientation obsessions—have been introduced into the research literature. Despite the fact that these concepts have similarities, important distinctions exist with regard to their theoretical underpinnings, development, and catalyst of stress. As these concepts have never been teased apart in the research literature, understanding how these concepts are similar and different is particularly important. To this end, the present overview synthesizes the current literature regarding these concepts with the purpose of providing a decisional framework for differentiating sexual orientation rumination and sexual orientation obsessions and suggesting areas of future research.
Interpretationskonzepte von Deutschlehrkräften und ihren Schüler*innen. Eine explorative Studie
Authors: Matz Daniela
Published: July 2021

Die Dissertation untersucht Konzepte der Literaturinterpretation bei Deutschlehrkräften und ihren Schüler*innen. Theoretischer Ausgangspunkt sind Ansätze zur Beschreibung sowohl von Interpretationsprozessen als auch von interpretatorischem Handeln. Forschungsgrundlage bildet eine Datentriangulation (Lehrmittel, Interviews, Interpretationsaufsätze und ihre Bewertung durch Lehrkräfte). Die erhobenen Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die dabei entwickelten Kategorien bildeten die Grundlage für individual- und gruppenspezifische Fallanalysen. Eines der wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeit ist, dass Lehrkräfte und ihre Schüler*innen Interpret*innengemeinschaften ausbilden, die durch die in ihnen jeweils geltenden – zum Teil sehr verschiedenen – Regeln beschrieben werden können. Lehrkräfte erreichen damit eine hohe Wirksamkeit in ihrer Praxis. Festgestellt werden kann weiterhin, dass die erforschten Konzepte mehrheitlich reduktiv sind und zentrale Komponenten der literarischen Rezeptionskompetenz nicht einbeziehen. Auch das interpretierende Handeln wird nur ansatzweise konzeptionalisiert. The study explores views of literary interpretation of German teachers and their students. The method of research is based on the triangulation of data (teaching materials, qualitativ interviews, so called „Interpretationsaufsätze“ und the teacher’s feedback) and their content analysis. One of the main research result is, that teachers and their students form groups of interpretation that can be described by different interpretational rules. Teachers are therefore highly effective in der professional work. Students are influencend by the teacher’s language, learning-arrangements and the teacher’s feedback. It can also be stated, that most views on literary interpretation lack in central components of reading literarcy. This has an high impact on teacher’s and student’s dealings with literary ambiguity, since it is very often not taken into account. One of the reasons for this is a well established practice of literary interpretation in German grammer schools.
A periferia contra-ataca
Authors: Peruchi Camila
Published: July 2021

Entrevista com Aurito Majumder, autor de Insurgent Imaginations: World Literature and the Periphery (2021).
Interplays between human microbiota and microRNAs in COVID-19 pathogenesis: a literature review
Authors: Hong Bok Sil , Kim Myoung-Ryu
Published: July 2021

[Purpose] Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 is often associated with altered gut microbiota composition and reflects disease severity. Furthermore, various reports suggest that the interaction between COVID-19 and host-microbiota homeostasis is mediated through the modulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). Thus, in this review, we aim to summarize the association between human microbiota and miRNAs in COVID-19 pathogenesis.[Methods] We searched for the existing literature using the keywords such “COVID-19 or microbiota,” “microbiota or microRNA,” and “COVID-19 or probiotics” in PubMed until March 31, 2021. Subsequently, we thoroughly reviewed the articles related to microbiota and miRNAs in COVID-19 to generate a comprehensive picture depicting the association between human microbiota and microRNAs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.[Results] There exists strong experimental evidence suggesting that the composition and diversity of human microbiota are altered in COVID-19 patients, implicating a bidirectional association between the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 encoded miRNAs and host cellular microRNAs modulated by human microbiota can interfere with viral replication and regulate host gene expression involved in the initiation and progression of COVID-19. These findings suggest that the manipulation of human microbiota with probiotics may play a significant role against SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing the host immune system and lowering the inflammatory status.[Conclusion] The human microbiota-miRNA axis can be used as a therapeutic approach for COVID-19. Hence, further studies are needed to investigate the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of miRNA expression in human microbiota and how these miRNA profiles mediate viral infection through host-microbe interactions.