bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring on‐line desalted lignocellulosic hydrolysates by microdialysis sampling micro‐high performance anion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed electrochemical detection/mass spectrometry
Authors: Rumbold Karl , Okatch Harriet , Torto Nelson , Siika‐Aho Matti , Gübitz Georg , Robra Karl‐Heinz , Prior Bernard
Published: August 2002

An on‐line system based on microdialysis sampling (MD), micro‐high performance anion exchange chromatography (micro‐HPAEC), integrated pulsed electrochemical detection (IPED), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) for the monitoring of on‐line desalted enzymatic hydrolysates is presented. Continuous monitoring of the enzymatic degradation of dissolving pulp from Eucalyptus grandis as well as degradation of sugar cane bagasse in a 5‐mL reaction vessel was achieved up to 24 h without any additional sample handling steps. Combining MD with micro‐HPAEC‐IPED/MS and on‐line desalting of hydrolysates enabled injection (5 μL) of at least 23 samples in a study of the sequential action of hydrolytic enzymes in an unmodified environment where the enzymes and substrate were not depleted due to the perm‐selectivity of the MD membrane (30 kDa cut‐off). Xylanase, phenolic acid esterase and a combination of endoglucanase (EG II) with cellobiohydrolase (CBH I) resulted in the production of DP 1 after the addition of esterase, DP 2 and DP 3 after the addition of EG II and CBH I, from the dissolving pulp substrate. Similar sequential enzyme addition to sugar cane bagasse resulted in DP 1 production after the addition of esterase and DP 1, DP 2 and DP 3 production after the addition of the EG II and CBH I mixture. Combining MS on‐line with micro‐HPAEC‐IPED proved to be a versatile and necessary tool for such a study compared to conventional methods. The mass selectivity of MS revealed complementary information, including the co‐elution of saccharides as well as the presence of more than one type of DP 2 in the case of dissolving pulp and several types of DP 2 and DP 3 for sugar cane bagasse. This study demonstrates the limitation of the use of retention time alone for confirmation of the identity of saccharides especially when dealing with complex enzymatic hydrolysates. In situ sampling and sample clean‐up combined with on‐line desalting of the chromatographic effluent, provides a generic approach to achieve real time monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysates when they are detected by a combination of IPED and MS. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 822–828, 2002.
Construction and characterization of thermo‐inducible vectors derived from heat‐sensitive lacI genes in combination with the T7 A1 promoter
Authors: Chao Yun‐Peng , Chern Jong‐Tzer , Wen Chin‐Sheng , Fu Hongyong
Published: August 2002

The lack of stringency and the cost of induction are two major disadvantages of using lac‐derived vectors for recombinant protein productions. To compensate for these drawbacks, a series of thermo‐inducible vectors was developed by coupling heat‐sensitive lacI (lacIts) with the T7 A1 promoter on a multiple‐copy‐number plasmid. The lacIts genes were created by the introduction of Gly187→Ser substitution along with three alternative mutation sites, Leu233→Lys, Ala241→Thr, and Gly265→Asp, generated by site‐directed mutagenesis into the wild‐type lacI gene. With the LacZ production as a model, the induction profiles for various vectors containing distinct lacIts exhibited a positive trend as the temperature increased. The fully induced level was achieved by applying the temperature shift from 30°C to 42, 40, or 37°C to the cells harboring the plasmid with the Gly187→Ser, Ala241→Thr, or Gly265→Asp substitution in lacI, respectively. As a result, it produced the maximal LacZ production ranging between 46,000 and 54,000 Miller units, corresponding to a 100‐ to 400‐fold amplification over the uninduced level. As a whole, these novel expression vectors are characterized as having tight regulation and facile inducibility, and their practical usefulness in industrial production of recombinant proteins appears promising. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 1–8, 2002.
Gas phase biotransformation reaction catalyzed by baker's yeast
Authors: Maugard Thierry , Lamare Sylvain , Legoy Marie Dominique
Published: August 2002

The gas phase continuous production of acetaldehyde from ethanol and hexanol from hexanal using dried baker's yeast was studied as an alternative approach to conventional processes. The effects of water activity, activity of substrates, and amount of yeast on the performance of the continuous bioreactor were investigated. The extent of yeast hydration and ethanol activity are the most important factors affecting yeast activity and stability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 164–168, 2001.
Flow cytometry: An improved method for the selection of highly productive gene‐amplified CHO cells using flow cytometry
Authors: Yoshikawa Tomohiro , Nakanishi Fumi , Ogura Yuki , Oi Daisuke , Omasa Takeshi , Katakura Yoshio , Kishimoto Michimasa , Suga Ken‐Ichi
Published: August 2002

In previous work, we clarified the relationship between the productivity and stability of gene‐amplified cells and the location of the amplified gene. The location of the amplified gene enabled us to classify resistant cells into two types. One type of resistant cell group, in which the amplified genes were observed near the telomeric region, was named the “telomere type.” The other type of cell group, in which the amplified genes were observed in other chromosomal regions, was named the “other type.” The phenotypes of these two types of cells are very different. In this experiment, using a fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled methotrexate (F‐MTX) reagent with flow cytometry, we were easily able to distinguish between highly productive cells and the other types of cells. The level of fluorescence differed according to the difference in resistance to MTX. Based on this new finding, highly productive gene‐amplified cells could be isolated from heterogeneous gene‐amplified cell pools more easily than by the method of limiting‐dilution assay. The limiting‐dilution method requires several months to obtain highly productive gene‐amplified cells, while our flow‐cytometry‐based method of selection requires only a few weeks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 435–442, 2001.
Use of the chemiluminescent probe lucigenin to monitor the production of the superoxide anion radical in a recombinant Aspergillus niger (B1‐D)
Authors: Bai Zhonghu , Harvey Linda M. , McNeil Brian
Published: August 2002

Direct detection of intracellular superoxide anion radical (O2·−) production is of critical importance for investigating the responses of filamentous fungi to oxidative stress in bioprocesses. The purpose of this study is to establish a reliable method to monitor the O2·− production within pellets of Aspergillus niger. Addition of pure oxygen and the redox cycling agent paraquat to fungal pellet suspensions resulted in a considerable increase in lucigenin‐derived chemiluminescence (LDCL). In the presence of exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD), the LDCL of a disrupted cell solution was inhibited. In contrast, with addition of diethyldithiocarbamate and sodium azide, respectively, the inhibitors of Cu, Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD, an increased LDCL was observed. Further, as a probe, lucigenin can be absorbed and accumulated in fungal pellet within a few minutes. Various pretreatments of the bioreactor sample for the measurement of LDCL, were also investigated in the present study, and the use of intact pellets was adopted here rather than disrupting cells because the latter treatment led to difficulties in LDCL measurement. These results show that lucigenin may be used as a convenient chemiluminescent probe to monitor intracellular production of O2·− in filamentous fungi, and thus to follow changes in the level of this stressor within fungi © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 204–211, 2001.
Stereoselective determination of p‐hydroxyphenyl‐phenylhydantoin enantiomers in rat liver microsomal incubates by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography using β‐cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additives
Authors: Yao T. W. , Zeng S.
Published: August 2002

An analytical method was developed for determination of p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin enantiomers in rat liver microsome by using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. A 50 mm C8 column was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase was made up of 8.8 mmol/L β‐cyclodextrin, 0.25 mol/L urea and 0.05 mol/L ammonium acetate in water. The assay was linear from 2.05 to 410.0 µmol/L for each enantiomer. The limits of detection and of quantitation for the method were 0.90 and 2.05 µmol/L for each enantiomer, respectively. The analytical method afforded average recoveries of 93.59 ± 2.75%and 94.72 ± 1.78% for S‐ and R‐p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin, respectively. The method allowed study of the in vitro glucuronidation of p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin in rat liver microsomal incubates. The stereoselectivity of p‐hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin phase II metabolism was observed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating whole life value proxemics in construction projects
Authors: Holt Robin
Published: August 2002

Whole life value is introduced as a concept for evaluating construction projects, which extends beyond the more typical use of optimized (equilibrium) utility preferences. By linking value and sustainability the concept allows for the consideration of ‘price‐less’ evaluations within the construction project process. As an industry exposed perhaps more than any other to issues of public space and environmental impact, construction is being driven towards the use of complex, multi‐issue consultations with stakeholders within which whole life value can operate as a contextual limit. By investigating traditional cost–benefit analysis routes, and then what are called ‘aspects of sustainability’, an argument is advanced for these consultations to be ongoing rather than one‐off events. As such, they are to concern themselves with the framework of relationships (proxemics) by which distinct evaluations might be articulated and understood through the project process, rather than just how one arrives at a consensus of opinion. It is argued that the concept of value can only be applied fully to any project if consideration has been given to the ambience and context of stakeholder relations and attitudes as opposed to just the prevailing opinions. The virtue of such stakeholder involvement lies not in its ‘rubber stamping’ a separate process of activity, but in ensuring value is realized across asset life through a focus on attaining and sustaining conditions for the reflective articulation of need. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Managing Globalization for Sustainability in the 21st Century
Authors: Halme Minna , Park Jacob , Chiu Anthony
Published: August 2002

This essay provides an overview of the Ninth International Conference of the Greening of Industry Network held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 21–25 January 2001. For the first time in its ten‐year history, the Greening of Industry Network (GIN) gathered outside Western Europe and North America, with the theme Sustainability at the Millennium: Globalization, Competitiveness and the Public Trust. To highlight this important event, this special issue of Business Strategy and the Environment will place special emphasis on the Asian region, particularly on the issues confronting the economically less advanced countries.

The overarching theme of the conference as well as many of the papers and discussion at the conference was globalization and sustainable development, and the relationship between these two issues. There was a rich if not a divergent perspective on what the relationship implies for the different Asian economies as well as for economically less advanced countries in general.

After examining the relationship between sustainable development and globalization in the Asian context, this essay will discuss two themes with important implications for sustainable commerce: stakeholders and civil society and industrial competitiveness and transformation. The essay will conclude with some thoughts on the path that globalization has taken since the terrorist attack in the US on 11 September 2001 and on the 10 year anniversary of the Greening of Industry Network. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Ecological tax reform—a value chain level approach
Authors: Linnanen Lassi , Luoma Päivi , Pesonen Hanna‐Leena
Published: August 2002

This study assesses the effects of an ecological tax reform on three value chains. These case studies lead to an analysis of the business strategy options when companies face a shift in the relative prices of their production factors. The results support earlier research findings that the direct effects of an ecological tax reform on the price competitiveness of companies is on average rather small. However, the effects of the reform are shown to vary significantly between the different parts of the value chain. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Intradural anastomoses between the accessory nerve and the posterior roots of cervical nerves: Their clinical significance
Authors: Oh Chang‐Seok , Chung In‐Hyuk , Koh Ki‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Shik
Published: August 2002

This study was performed to identify the anastomoses between the accessory nerve and the posterior roots of cervical nerves below the level of C1 segment, and to evaluate their clinical significance. One hundred spinal cord sides of Koreans were studied under the surgical microscope. In order to trace the posterior root of a cervical nerve after anastomosis with the accessory nerve, or the bridging fibers between the accessory nerve and the cervical posterior roots, the accessory nerves with the posterior roots and the bridging fibers were stained with osmium tetroxide. The anastomosis was classified into five types, according to whether the accessory nerve and the cervical posterior root crossed each other, and also according to the site of the bridging fiber between them. The bridging fibers in the most common type of anastomoses were observed to connect the posterior roots of a cervical nerve with the spinal rootlet of the accessory nerve. The possibility that the motor fibers of accessory nerve from the spinal cord may innervate the trapezius muscle through the cervical nerve, was discussed. Clin. Anat. 6:424–427, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EM wave simulation: An animated electromagnetic wave teaching package
Authors: Leung Wing‐Kai , Chen Yinchao , Lee Yim‐Shu
Published: August 2002

This paper describes EM Wave Simulation, a windows‐based animated electromagnetic wave simulation package, developed as a supplementary tool for teaching electromagnetic field theory at the undergraduate level. For the purpose of rapid display of electromagnetic wave images, the implemented algorithm assumes a structure sandwiched between two perfect electric conductor planes and employs a 2½‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method on a staggered grid, which is suitable for simulating simplified electromagnetic wave propagation in indoor environments. Frequency‐domain spectral information can be extracted with the built‐in one‐ and two‐dimensional discrete Fourier transforms facilities. A user‐friendly mouse‐and‐menu‐driven interface allows user to set up simulations containing complex geometries in a straightforward fashion. Simulated results, in both time and frequency domains, can be displayed in real‐time on the computer screen, which makes the application ideal for use in interactive undergraduate teaching. Some sample simulations are discussed in the paper to illustrate its principal functionality. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 208–219, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10001
Live modeling of 1D wave propagation in layered soil media
Authors: Arduino P. , Miller G. R. , Ogunrinde A.
Published: August 2002

This paper presents the structure and use of Dr. Layer, a computer program designed to provide students a simulation/visualization environment for studying linear and nonlinear wave propagation behavior in layered soil media. To support student‐based exploration, Dr. Layer uses “live” modeling, i.e., modeling in which computation, interaction, and visualization occur simultaneously. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 248–258, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10003
Teaching highway safety analysis through networking and visualization
Authors: Yi Ping , Lam Paul
Published: August 2002

This paper introduces an effective and efficient approach to teaching highway safety analysis. Using an internet‐based client server framework, this system accesses the central database in the public safety department to extract data. Through query operations, students can view any accident statistics to search for roadway design deficiencies or traffic control problems. The system automatically generates the collision diagram, which substantially reduces the time and simplifies the complexities associated with manual handling of accident data. Implementation experience has shown that the system is effective, reliable, and easy to use. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 171–179, 2001
Fragile: handle with care. Protecting babies from harm
Authors: Harran Evender
Published: August 2002

Babies can often place demands on their carers which at times can feel unbearable. Parenting is the most difficult task that most people undertake, and yet it is also the one for which most receive little to no training. Parents under stress may be reluctant to ask for help, often adopting the belief that they should instinctively know what to do. Some professionals may also share this view, which may mean that they are less able to identify and support families who are struggling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pancreatic fate of a 125I‐labelled mouse monoclonal antibody directed against pancreatic B‐cell surface ganglioside(s) in control and diabetic rats
Authors: Ladriĕre Laurence , Malaisse‐Lagae Francine , Alejandro Rodolfo , Malaisse Willy J.
Published: August 2002

The possible use of a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against rat pancreatic B‐cell surface ganglioside(s) and labelled with radioactive iodine for selective imaging of the endocrine pancreas by a non‐invasive procedure was investigated by following its pancreatic fate in experiments conducted either in vitro by incubation of rat isolated pancreatic islets, acinar tissue and pancreatic pieces or in vivo after intravenous injection of the 125I‐labelled antibodies ([125I]γ‐G). Although the binding of [125I]γ‐G per µg protein was about one order of magnitude higher in isolated islets than in acinar tissue, no significant difference was detected when comparing pancreatic pieces or isolated islets from control animals and rats rendered diabetic by one or two prior administrations of streptozotocin (STZ rats). Likewise, except in one set of experiments, no significant difference was found between control animals and STZ rats, when measuring the radioactive content of the pancreatic gland, relative to that of plasma, 1–4 days after the intravenous injection of [125I]γ‐G. These findings indicate that under the present experimental conditions, the mouse monoclonal antibody labelled with radioactive iodine does not appear to be a promising tool for selective imaging of the endocrine pancreas, e.g. by single photon emission computerized tomography. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional characterization of the 5′ flanking region of human ubiquitin fusion degradation 1 like gene (UFD1L)
Authors: Amati Francesca , Conti Emanuela , Botta Annalisa , Amicucci Paola , Dallapiccola Bruno , Novelli Giuseppe
Published: August 2002

UFD1L (Ubiquitin Fusion Degradation 1 Like) gene encodes for a component of a multi‐complex involved in the degradation of ubiquitin fusion proteins. The gene maps on chromosome 22q11, in a region commonly deleted in severe congenital disorders such as DiGeorge (DGS) and velo‐cardio‐facial (VCFS) syndromes. UFD1L is a single copy gene ubiquitously expressed in high levels in the pharyngeal pouches and fourth branchial arch artery during development. To understand the regulation of UFD1L expression we performed a functional analysis of its 5′ regulatory region. 5′‐RACE and primer extension analyses revealed the presence of different transcription start sites in adult and fetal tissues. UFD1L 5′ flanking region contains a TATA‐box motif and is also very GC‐rich with a CpG island encompassing exon 1. Transcriptional activity of this region was examined by transfection experiments of promoter‐GFP reporter gene constructs in a human epithelial cell line. These experiments revealed the importance of the region between −17 and −463 nt which contains the TATA‐box. EMSA assay resulted in the detection of five functional consensus sequences respectively for the transcription complex TFIID and for the transcription factors AP‐1 (one site), AP‐2 (one) and Sp1 (two). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful long‐term therapy following saphenous vein‐covered stent deployment for atherosclerotic coronary aneurysm
Authors: Kereiakes Dean J. , Broderick Thomas M. , Howard Wendy L. , Anderson Linda C. , Weber Mark , Mitts Donald L.
Published: August 2002

We describe a case of atherosclerotic aneurysm involving the left main coronary artery in a patient with prior coronary artery bypass surgery. A saphenous vein‐covered stent was used to seal the aneurysm in conjunction with conventional stenting of an associated native vessel coronary stenosis. Focal late restenosis involving the stent graft was successfully treated with repeat angioplasty and brachytherapy. Autologous vein‐covered stent deployment should be considered in the treatment of symptomatic or progressively enlarging coronary aneurysms. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:100–104. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of coronary collateral flow on restenosis following primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lee Cheol Whan , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Choi Si‐Wan , Kim June Hong , Kim Jae‐Joong , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung
Published: August 2002

We investigated the influence of collateral flow on restenosis in 156 consecutive acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients treated with primary angioplasty within 12 hr of symptom onset. Collateral flow was quantitatively assessed using the pressure‐derived fractional collateral flow (PDCF) index. Follow‐up angiography was performed at 6 months. The patients were classified into two groups according to the PDCF index: group I (PDCF index > 24%; n = 55) with good collaterals and group II (PDCF index ≤ 24%; n = 101) with poor collaterals. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, with the exception of peak levels of creatine kinase, angiographic collaterals, and TIMI flow 3 after intervention. The binary restenosis rate was 31.8% in group I and 32.9% in group II (P = NS). Use of the stents was the only independent predictor of binary restenosis. In conclusions, well‐developed collaterals measured by PDCF may not predict restenosis following primary angioplasty for AMI. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:477–481. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stenting vs. balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting for the treatment of vessels with small reference diameter
Authors: Lemos Pedro A. , Martinez Eulogio E. , Quintella Edgard , Harrell Lari C. , Ramires Jose A.F. , Ribeiro Expedito E. , da Gama Marcus N. , Horta Pedro E. , Kajita Luiz J. , Esteves Antonio , Perin Marco A. , Soares Paulo R. , Zalc Silvio , Palacios Igor F.
Published: August 2002

A consecutive series of interventions in vessels with reference diameter ≤ 2.75 mm was retrospectively analyzed according to preprocedure strategy: balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting (PTCA group, 73 patients) and primary stenting (PS group, 122 patients). In the PS group, there were more patients with single‐vessel disease (54.1% vs. 37.0%; P = 0.021), less patients with three‐vessel disease (9.0% vs. 24.7%; P = 0.003), more LAD interventions (54.9% vs. 31.5; P = 0.002), and less left circumflex interventions (22.1% vs. 45.2%; P < 0.001). Reference diameter was larger in the PS group (2.28 ± 0.35 mm vs. 2.11 ± 0.36 mm; P = 0.001). Provisional stenting was performed in 39.7% of PTCA group. At long‐term outcome, the incidence of composite major events was similar between the PTCA and the PS groups (20.5% vs. 17.2%, respectively; P = NS). Treatment of small vessels with balloon dilatation and provisional stenting or with primary stenting yielded similar late outcomes. Operators' choice of treatment strategy was based on particular angiographic characteristics. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:309–314. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful primary angioplasty in Hughes syndrome
Authors: Osula Serge , Ramsdale David R.
Published: August 2002

Acute myocardial infarction is a well‐recognized complication of the Hughes syndrome but its optimal treatment is uncertain. We report a case of a 42‐year‐old man with a history of previous arterial and venous thrombosis who presented with an acute myocardial infarction that was successfully treated by primary angioplasty and stenting. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:482–484. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prospective single‐center registry for the use of intracoronary gamma radiation in patients with diffuse in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Nikolsky Eugenia , Rosenblatt Edward , Grenadier Ehud , Boulos Monther , Roguin Ariel , Patil Chanderashekhar , Bernstein Zvi , Huber Akiva , Ben‐Zvi Margalit , Bar‐Deroma Raquel , Markiewicz Walter , Beyar Rafael
Published: August 2002

Based on single‐center prospective registry data, the study evaluates short‐ and long‐term results of intracoronary gamma radiation in patients with diffuse in‐stent restenosis in the reality of routine clinical practice. Percutaneous coronary intervention and subsequent catheter‐based irradiation with iridium‐192 was performed in 84 vessels (81 patients) with diffuse in‐stent restenosis. Repeat coronary angiography was performed in 35 patients with clinical restenosis. With a mean follow‐up of 12.0 ± 0.5 months, major adverse cardiac events were observed in 29 (34.5%) patients, including 2 cases of cardiac death, 3 myocardial infarctions, 21 target lesion revascularizations, and 4 target vessel revascularizations. Five of six patients with total occlusion of the target vessel at baseline developed target lesion restenosis. Late total occlusion of the target vessel was observed in four patients. The 1‐year event‐free survival rate was 69.8%. Total occlusion of the target vessel at baseline was the single independent predictor of cardiac events at 1‐year follow‐up (P < 0.001). In patients with a target lesion in the left anterior descending artery, predictors of cardiac events also included female sex (P = 0.014), current smoking (P = 0.014), stenting during brachytherapy session (P = 0.02), and smaller reference vessel diameter at baseline (P = 0.01). The results of our registry are similar to those of randomized trials. As applied in routine clinical practice, intracoronary gamma radiation is a feasible, safe, and effective tool in the treatment of diffuse in‐stent restenosis. Late events in the entire group were predicted by total occlusion at baseline. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:46–52. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three separate coronary artery ostia arising from the right coronary cusp: A case report
Authors: Lauer Joseph E. , Ritchie Michael E.
Published: August 2002

Coronary artery anomalies are uncommon in the general population and most are asymptomatic. We report a rare congenital coronary anomaly and discuss diagnosis and management strategies as well as review the pertinent literature. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:496–499. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of abciximab versus eptifibatide on length of hospital stay for PCI patients
Authors: Lage Maureen J. , Barber Beth L. , McCollam Patrick L. , Bala Mohan , Scherer Joel
Published: August 2002

The purpose of this study is to compare the profile of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients who receive abciximab versus eptifibatide, as well as to compare the effect of abciximab versus eptifibatide on hospital length of stay. Retrospective data were obtained from HCIA's Clinical Pathways Database on 5,446 coronary angioplasty patients who were administered either abciximab or eptifibatide. Estimation was conducted via a two‐stage sample selection model. In the first stage, a probit regression was employed to determine which factors were associated with a higher probability of being administered abciximab versus eptifibatide. In the second stage, a negative binomial model was used to estimate the impact of a wide range of factors (selection of GPIIb/IIIa, patient demographics, insurance provider, health conditions, admission information, and hospital characteristics) on total hospital length of stay, as well as on postprocedural length of stay. After controlling for high‐risk indications and other sources of selection bias, results indicate that receipt of abciximab was associated with a significantly shorter length of total hospital stay (0.83 fewer days; P < 0.001) than receipt of eptifibatide. Additionally, receipt of abciximab was found to be associated with a significantly shorter postprocedural hospital length of stay (0.48 fewer days; P = 0.002) compared to receipt of eptifibatide. Results of this study indicate that PCI patients who are administered abciximab versus eptifibatide have a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (both total and postprocedural). This finding is important since hospital length of stay reflects the occurrence of complications and has been found to be directly related to the resources consumed during in‐patient management of patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:296–303. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of ultrasound‐detected cerebral microemboli in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization using an in vitro middle cerebral artery model
Authors: Yang Yi , Grosset Donald G. , Yang Tao , Lees Kennedy R.
Published: August 2002

Cerebral embolization has been documented as one of the complications of diagnostic heart catheterization by transcranial Doppler (TCD). This study aimed to evaluate our hypothesis that the nature of embolic signals involved in different stages of catheter manipulation may be distinct. TCD‐detected cerebral emboli occurring at different phases of cardiac catheterization were registered and differentiated by comparing their acoustic signatures with the Doppler signals generated from clinically frequently encountered embolic materials in an in vitro middle cerebral artery model. We found that there was a significant difference in embolic signal intensity and duration between different phases of cardiac catheterization. Our data suggest that different types of emboli may be involved in different phases of the catheterization. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:323–330. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined right transradial coronary angiography and selective carotid angiography: Safety and feasibility in unselected patients
Authors: Cha Kwang Soo , Kim Moo Hyun , Kim Young Dae , Kim Jong Seong
Published: August 2002

We evaluated the safety and feasibility of ad hoc carotid angiography following the right transradial coronary angiography. Selective carotid angiography was performed subsequent to coronary angiography in 213 consecutive patients. A 5 Fr Simmons catheter was reformed in descending or ascending aorta, then, withdrawn and rotated to cannulate the left and right carotid artery. Both carotid angiography was performed selectively in 211 (99%) patients. In two patients with severely tortuous subclavian artery, selective cannulation of the left carotid artery failed. There was no thromboembolism or arterial dissection. After the learning phase of 50 patients, the time to reform the catheter in aorta and to cannulate the left and right carotid artery was 50 ± 77, 66 ± 68, and 58 ± 57 sec, respectively. Total procedural time was 195 ± 145 sec. In conclusion, ad hoc carotid angiography can be performed reliably and safely following the right transradial coronary angiography. It might be useful for evaluation of an isolated or associated carotid artery stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:380–385. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Website Review: Protein‐protein interactions on the web
Authors: Wixon Jo
Published: August 2002

We present a brief guide to resources on the Internet relating to Protein‐Protein Interactions. These include databases containing experimentally verified and computationally inferred physical and functional interactions. There are also tools for predicting interactions and for extracting information on interactions from the literature, and organism specific databases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic peptide and protein domain arrays prepared by the SPOT technology
Authors: Schneider‐Mergener Jens
Published: August 2002

The SPOT™ technology for highly parallel synthesis of peptides on flat surfaces in array type format has evolved into a versatile toolbox for a variety of applications in proteomics such as mapping protein‐protein interactions and profiling the substrate specificity of enzymes such as kinases and proteases. Originally developed for the synthesis of short overlapping peptide sequences for mapping antibody epitopes this technology has recently been extended to the synthesis of functional protein domains. This opens up a variety of future applications such as target identification and protein expression profiling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric induction in the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of chiral nitrile oxide derived from (2R)‐bornane‐10,2‐sultam
Authors: Jóźwik Julita , Kosior Malgorzata , Kiegiel Jaroslaw , Jurczak Janusz
Published: August 2002

The efficient preparation of the chiral nitrile oxide derived from N‐glyoxyloyl‐(2R)‐bornane‐10,2‐sultam is presented. The nitrile oxide was trapped in situ with substituted olefins as dipolarophiles to furnish optically active 2‐isoxazolines. Chirality 13:629–630, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of input rate on the stereospecific and nonstereospecific first pass metabolism and pharmacokinetics of metoprolol extended release formulations
Authors: Mistry Bipin , Leslie James L. , Eddington Natalie D.
Published: August 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of input rate on the stereoselective and nonstereoselective pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, α‐hydroxymetoprolol, and its acid metabolite. Extended release formulations (100 mg) of metoprolol with varying release rates (e.g., slow (S), moderate (M), and fast (F)) and an oral solution (OS, 50 mg) were administered to normal, healthy extensive metabolizers. Serial blood samples were collected over 48 h, plasma was obtained, and subsequently analyzed by a validated HPLC method with fluorescence detection. The mean Tmax of metoprolol after the S, M, F (4.43, 4.00, 3.14 h, respectively) was found to be different ( P < 0.05) as compared to the OS (2.07 h). The ratio of α‐hydroxymetoprolol/metoprolol was higher for the OS (1.26) vs. the S, M, and F (1.02, 0.96, 0.99). The S/R enantiomer ratios of the concentration for metoprolol, ACMB, and α‐hydroxmetoprolol were calculated at each time point and showed a significant difference ( P < 0.05) in the absorption phase (1–4 h) vs. terminal phase (8–16 h) for fast input (solution and fast extended release formulations). Based on these results, it would appear that input rate influences the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, its metabolites, and their enantiomers. Chirality 14:297–304, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1H, 13C, and 15N NMR stereochemical study of cis‐fused 7a(8a)‐methyl and 6‐phenyl octa(hexa)hydrocyclopenta[d][1,3]oxazines and [3,1]benzoxazines
Authors: Tähtinen Petri , Sinkkonen Jari , Klika Karel D. , Nieminen Ville , STájer Géza , Szakonyi Zsolt , FüLöp Ferenc , Pihlaja Kalevi
Published: August 2002

Four 7a‐methyl octa(or hexa)hydrocyclopenta[d][1,3]oxazines, five 8a‐methyl octa(or hexa)hydro[3,1]benzoxazines, two 6‐phenyl hexahydro[3,1]benzoxazinones, and 8a‐methyl hexahydro[1,3]benzoxazinone, all cis‐fused, were prepared and their stereostructures studied by various one‐ and two‐dimensional 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopic methods. In solution, the cyclopentane‐fused 2‐oxo derivatives and the 1,3‐benzoxazinone were found to attain exclusively the N‐in/O‐in conformation, whereas the 6‐phenyl 2‐oxo/thioxo derivatives were found to be present predominantly in the N‐out conformation. The C‐2 unsubstituted and the 2‐oxo/thioxo 7a/8a‐methyl derivatives were all present in solution as a rapidly interconverting equilibrium of the N‐in and N‐out conformations. The C‐2 methyl derivatives were each found to be interconvertable mixtures of epimers (at C‐2) with the N‐in conformer predominating for one epimer and the N‐out conformer predominating for the other, with both predominating conformers having the C‐2 methyl group equatorially orientated. The substituent on the nitrogen (H or Me) was found to be always predominantly equatorial with respect to the heteroring, except for the epimeric 2‐methyl derivatives with N‐out conformations where steric constraints and the generalized anomeric effect resulted in the axial orientation of the C‐2 methyl being favored. Chirality 14:187–198, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Four conformers characterized in allyl nitrite
Authors: Lee Sung Guen , Breeze Liam , Bohn Robert K. , True Nancy S.
Published: August 2002

Allyl nitrite, ONOCH2CHCH2, can exist in conformations which include syn (S) and anti (A) configurations of ONOC, anti or gauche (G) configurations of NOCC, and syn or skew (Sk) configurations of OCCC. Four of them have been observed and characterized by their microwave spectra and quantum chemical calculations to have AGSk′ (0.0 kcal/mol), AGSk (0.2(2) kcal/mol), SASk (0.2(2) kcal/mol), and SAS (0.9(2) kcal/mol) configurations about the three successive dihedral angles. All four are observed in microwave studies of the vapor at 300 and 200 K and the first three are seen in pulsed‐jet beams. The SAS form apparently relaxes to the SASk conformer during expansion in the pulsed‐jet. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the two possible conformers with anti–anti configurations of the ONOCC fragment, AAS and AASk, are transition states, unstable configurations, or of marginal stability, consistent with structures observed in this and other previously studied alkyl nitrites. The remaining four possible conformers are predicted to have relative energies within 1 kcal/mol of the observed conformers but were not observed experimentally. Chirality 14:232–240, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melatonin receptor agents: Synthesis, resolution by HPLC on polysaccharides chiral stationary phases, absolute configuration, and pharmacology of the enantiomers of (±)‐N‐[2‐(7‐fluoro‐1,2,3,4‐ tetrahydronaphthalen‐1‐yl)ethyl]acetamide
Authors: Lipka‐Belloli Emmanuelle , Guelzim Abdelhalim , Yous Said , Lefebvre Jacques , Descamps‐Francois Carole , Capet Frederic , Vaccher Claude
Published: August 2002

In order to obtain milligram amounts of the enantiomers of tetrahydronaphthalenic derivative 5 to be tested for binding to the melatonin sites, preparative HPLC employed a mobile phase consisting of n‐hexane‐alcohol and a silica‐based cellulose tris‐methylbenzoate (Chiralcel OJ) using isocratic conditions and multiple repetitive injections. The preparative separation was optimized by adjusting the sample size from a scale‐up of the analytical method. The enantiomeric elution order was reversed by the change from the carbamate type phase (Chiralcel OD‐H) to the benzoate type phase (Chiralcel OJ) in analytical mode. The optical rotation and the circular dichroism spectra of the single enantiomers were determined after separation. The absolute stereochemistry of the two enantiomers of (±)‐N‐[2‐(7‐fluoro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐1‐yl)ethyl]acetamide 5was established by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The purity obtained was sufficient for a first screen of their biochemical properties: the (−)‐(S) enantiomer shows more affinity for melatonin receptors MT1, MT2 and is responsible of the selectivity towards MT2. Chirality 13:199–206, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of the configuration of neosartorin by long‐range nuclear Overhauser effect measurements
Authors: Liptaj Tibor , Pham Tran Nghia , Proksa Bohusš , UhríN Dušan
Published: August 2002

The relative configuration of the two xanthene units of neosartorin, a new ergochrome biosynthesised by the soil mould Neosartorya fischeri, was determined using a 1D double‐pulsed field gradient spin‐echo NOESY experiment. It was found that both units have the same relative stereochemistry. Long‐range nonbonding interactions between the substituents of different xanthene units stabilise the nonplanar configuration of the two aromatic rings A and A′ connecting both monomer units of neosartorin. Chirality 13:545–547, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational investigation of two isomeric chiral porphyrins: A convergent approach with different techniques
Authors: di Bari Lorenzo , Pescitelli Gennaro , Reginato Gloriana , Salvadori Piero
Published: August 2002

The conformation in solution of two atropisomeric meso‐tetrabinaphthyl porphyrins, used as catalytic precursors in asymmetric synthesis, was studied by means of experimental (1H‐NMR ROESY, UV‐Vis, and circular dichroism) and computational (semiempirical structure optimization, DeVoe's coupled oscillators calculations) methods. UV‐Vis and CD spectra are calculated for several molecular models, with a systematic sampling of the conformational space, and compared to the experimental ones, leading to a structural hypothesis which is confirmed by NMR and PM3. Chirality 13:548–555, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of the chiral separation of some 2‐arylpropionic acids on an avidin column by modeling a combined response
Authors: Smet Els , Staelens Ludo , Vander Heyden Yvan , Baeyens Willy R.G. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Van der Weken Guido , García‐Campaña Ana M.
Published: August 2002

The enantiomeric separation of some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was investigated on an avidin column. An experimental design approach (central composite design) was used to evaluate the effects of three method parameters (pH, concentration of organic modifier, and buffer concentration) on the analysis time and the resolution, as well as to model these responses. This revealed that the organic modifier concentration and sometimes the pH are significant parameters to control because of their influence on both analysis time and resolution. Furthermore, the central composite design results were combined in a multicriteria decision‐making approach in order to obtain a set of optimal experimental conditions leading to the most desirable compromise between resolution and analysis time. Chirality 13:556–567, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competitive intelligence methods for systems and cultural analysis
Authors: Soto Stephen
Published: August 2002

A fundamental change in the business environment has occurred in the last 50 years. The change has been a shift from markets being producer‐controlled to being consumer‐controlled. The result is that the classical‐science‐based analytic approach used in most competitive intelligence analysis needs to be supplemented with the use of systems analysis and cultural analysis. These forms of analysis focus on relationships between elements, instead of the properties of elements. This article covers step‐by‐step procedures for performing both systems thinking and cultural analysis, and suggests that organizational analysis is no longer mainly focused on analysis of resources. Today's environment calls for a focus on analysis of both organizational culture and resources. Systems thinking supports the view that organizational culture in large part determines the relationship between resources in an organization. Organizational culture has replaced policy and procedure as the glue holding organizations together and controlling their operations. It controls what an organization can and cannot do efficiently and effectively. This is true for both internal and external analysis, and has a substantial impact on the way competitive intelligence analysis is done. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In vivo proton spectroscopy without solvent suppression
Authors: Clayton David B. , Elliott Mark A. , Lenkinski Robert E.
Published: August 2002

In 1H MR spectroscopy of the human brain, it is common practice to suppress the solvent signal prior to acquisition. This reduces the large dynamic range which is otherwise required of the MR receiver and digitizer in order to detect the dilute metabolite resonances in the presence of the much larger water signal. However, complete solvent suppression is not always obtainable, particularly over large volumes and in superficial regions containing large susceptibility gradients. In this work, it demonstrated that modern commercial MR scanners possess the dynamic range necessary to adequately resolve the 1H metabolites in unsuppressed spectra. Moreover, a postacquisition method is presented which can completely remove the intact water signal and accurately quantitate the metabolite peaks. Preserving the water signal in in vivo spectroscopy has several useful benefits, such as providing a high signal‐to‐noise ratio internal concentration, frequency, and line shape reference. Comparison is made between suppressed and unsuppressed spectra from both a phantom and the human brain acquired at 4 T. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 13: 260–275, 2001
Improved survival with perilymphatic interleukin 2 in patients with resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx
Authors: De Stefani Antonella , Forni Guido , Ragona Riccardo , Cavallo Giovanni , Bussi Mario , Usai Antonio , Badellino Fausto , Cortesina Giorgio
Published: August 2002

BACKGROUND

The current randomized, multicenter, Phase III trial was conducted to determine whether the disease free interval and overall survival of patients with T2–T4,N0–N3,M0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity or oropharynx could be extended through the combination of surgery (and radiotherapy, if required) with perilymphatic recombinant IL‐2 (rIL‐2).

METHODS

Patients with a resectable T2–T4,N0–N3,M0 SCC of the oral cavity and oropharynx were assigned randomly to receive surgery and radiotherapy or to receive IL‐2, surgery, and radiotherapy. Five thousand units of rIL‐2 were injected around the ipsilateral cervical lymph node chain daily for 10 days before surgery. After surgery, contralateral 5‐day rIL‐2 courses were administered monthly for 1 year. The differences in disease free and overall survival between the two groups of patients were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS

Two hundred two patients finished the study. No significant complications related to rIL‐2 were encountered, and surgery and radiotherapy were not hampered by its prior administration. Multivariate analysis conducted to determine the extent to which survival was influenced by rIL‐2 and the other variables showed that rIL‐2 significantly lengthened disease free survival (P < 0.01) and that this resulted in longer overall survival (P < 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

The data emerging from this trial indicate that perilymphatic administration of low, nontoxic doses of rIL‐2 is a simple and manageable way to delay recurrences of SCC. Cancer 2002;95:90–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.10654