bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of action of clozapine
Authors: Morrison Paul D , Jauhar Sameer , Young Allan H
Published: February 2025

Previous hypotheses for the superiority of clozapine over other antipsychotics have failed to stand the test of time. Here we describe how the unique pharmacology of clozapine in the peripheral nervous system held clues for solving the puzzle of clozapine in the central nervous system. Clozapine appears to have been the prototype for a new class of antipsychotics, now entering clinical psychiatry, which activates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Cultural geographies III: What if…? Imagination, worldly relations and doing research otherwise
Authors: Hawkins Harriet
Published: February 2025

In this final cultural geographies report, I want to reflect on the prevalence of calls from within Geography to ‘imagine’ or to ‘reimagine’ everything from the discipline and its research practices to worldly futures. Considering recent writings on world-making and the need to imagine Geography and Geographical research otherwise, I highlight critical geographies of the imagination and reflect on the need to attend to the labours of doing this imagination work, its promises and ambiguities.
An investigation of access to library facilities and services for persons with disabilities in India
Authors: Nazim Mohammad , Ali Altaf
Published: February 2025

This study assesses the accessibility of library facilities and services for persons with disabilities (PwDs) in Indian academic institutions. The study gathered 45 responses from 384 distributed questionnaires (11.74% response rate) using quantitative and qualitative methods, including questionnaires, observations and librarian interviews. Results indicate significant needs for improved physical accessibility and broader policy development for equitable access. Many libraries lack sufficient budgets for PwDs, with only 35.6% offering adaptive equipment such as text enlargement software and software such as like Kurzweil and Job Access with Speech. While some services (e.g. telephone inquiries, format conversions, induction sessions) are available, others (e.g. proxy borrowing, reserved desks) are scarce. Additionally, 68.89% of libraries do not provide staff training for serving PwDs, highlighting capacity-building needs. Recommendations include proactive measures to enhance accessibility, inclusivity and empowerment for PwDs in academic libraries.
Meshing characteristics of continuous sine tooth profile planetary reducer
Authors: Duan Lizhi , Xu Lizhong
Published: February 2025

The sine tooth profile reducer has high bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, and small size. The meshing characteristics of gear transmission have a significant impact on its bearing capacity and transmission efficiency. In this paper, a mathematical model for the meshing characteristics of sinusoidal tooth profile planetary reducer is proposed. Based on it, equations of the relative sliding speed, sliding rate, and entraining speed of the sine tooth profile planetary reducer are deduced. Using these equations, the relative sliding speed, sliding rate, and entraining speed of the sine tooth profile planetary reducer and their changes with the system parameters are then studied. Finally, the obtained results are compared with those of the involute gear reducer, which illustrates the superiority of the meshing characteristics for the sinusoidal tooth profile planetary reducer. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the parameter design, lubrication state optimization and efficiency prediction of the sine gear reducer.
Curating the ‘Care-Full’ Home: An Experiment in Satirical Interdisciplinarity in Social Research
Authors: Fletcher James , Cardamone Elisa , Hatzifilalitis Stephanie , Samanta Tannistha , Azroomchilar Ehsan
Published: February 2025

The short film – The Care-Full Home – explores the datafication of everyday later lives vis-à-vis emerging technologies. The film was created over 48 hours during a hackathon focussing on ageing in a digital world. It uses satire as an overarching methodology to engage with the ambiguities of datafication and the uncertain boundaries between data and undata. In this accompanying piece, we outline the creation of The Care-Full Home and discuss the methodological potentials and limitations of satire as a means of critically engaging with questions of datafication and ambiguous social phenomena more broadly.
“Building Impetus for Change”
Authors: Alexander Bryant Keith
Published: February 2025

In this short performative paper the author engages one of five points of entry that seek to “(playfully) play with possibilities inherent in [autoethnographic] writing for building an impetus for change, for mining the ‘gold’ of memory, for living deeply in the present moment, for constructing a hoped-for future, for emerging/recovering from the rubble.” Showing, as Christopher Poulus constructed the panel, ‘how our words may point us toward where we need to go’”.
A Systematic Review of Tea Dyeing in the Textile Industry: Research Trends, Dyeing Performance, Functional Characteristics, and Application Potential
Authors: Xu Huiya , Song Ha-young
Published: February 2025

The tea plant ( Camellia sinensis) is a widely planted cash crop around the world. Rich in tea polyphenols, it can bring enormous economic and health benefits to mankind. Meanwhile, tea extracts have been used to dye fabric for a long time and have multiple advantages in environmental protection and health. Based on the PRISMA method, this research conducts a systematic review of relevant studies on tea dyeing in the textile industry. To be specific, it collected 274 scientific publications after searching through databases like PubMed and Web of Science, and then selected 43 of the publications for the review. This research aims to summarize and analyze the existing research results, and probe into the advantages and potential of tea dyeing. For this purpose, this research first concludes the research progress of tea dyeing in the past 20 years, and visualizes the research hotspots in this field using the software CiteSpace. Furthermore, it analyzes the major components of tea dyes and the ways of detecting them. In the latter part, this study focuses on their performance of dyeing various fabrics, summarizes several ways to effectively improve the dyeing performance, and discusses the properties that tea dyes can impart to fabrics. Finally, this review also discusses the positive impact of tea dyeing on environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as the main challenges faced in terms of technology, cost, market acceptance, etc. when applied in the textile industry. This review can help researchers in this field better understand relevant research dynamics, and provide insights and necessary references for further study.
Diagnosis of microbial keratitis using smartphone-captured images; a deep-learning model
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Cheung Albert Y. , Rahdar Amir , Kirakosyan Artak , Tomaras Nicholas , Lee Isaiah , De Alba Margarita , Aminizade Mehdi , Esmaili Kosar , Quiroz-Casian Natalia , Ahmadi Mohamad Javad , Yousefi Siamak , Cheraqpour Kasra
Published: February 2025

Background

Microbial keratitis (MK) poses a substantial threat to vision and is the leading cause of corneal blindness. The outcome of MK is heavily reliant on immediate treatment following an accurate diagnosis. The current diagnostics are often hindered by the difficulties faced in low and middle-income countries where there may be a lack of access to ophthalmic units with clinical experts and standardized investigating equipment. Hence, it is crucial to develop new and expeditious diagnostic approaches. This study explores the application of deep learning (DL) in diagnosing and differentiating subtypes of MK using smartphone-captured images.

Materials and methods

The dataset comprised 889 cases of bacterial keratitis (BK), fungal keratitis (FK), and acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) collected from 2020 to 2023. A convolutional neural network-based model was developed and trained for classification.

Results

The study demonstrates the model’s overall classification accuracy of 83.8%, with specific accuracies for AK, BK, and FK at 81.2%, 82.3%, and 86.6%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.92 for the ROC curves.

Conclusion

The model exhibits practicality, especially with the ease of image acquisition using smartphones, making it applicable in diverse settings.
Species-specific modulation of nitro-oxidative stress and root growth in monocots by silica nanoparticle pretreatment under copper oxide nanoparticle stress
Authors: Kovács Kamilla , Szierer Ádám , Mészáros Enikő , Molnár Árpád , Rónavári Andrea , Kónya Zoltán , Feigl Gábor
Published: February 2025

Background

Abiotic stressors such as heavy metals and nanoparticles pose significant challenges to sustainable agriculture, with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) known to inhibit root growth and induce oxidative stress in plants. While silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have been shown to increase abiotic stress tolerance, their role in mitigating CuO NP-induced stress in crops, especially monocots, remains poorly understood. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by investigating how SiO2 NP pretreatment modulates CuO NP-induced stress responses, with a particular focus on root growth inhibition and nitro-oxidative stress pathways.

Results

Using an in vitro semihydroponic system, seeds were pretreated with varying concentrations of SiO2 NPs (100–800 mg/L) before exposure to CuO NPs at levels known to inhibit root growth by 50%. SiO2 NP pretreatment alleviated CuO NP-induced root growth inhibition in sorghum, wheat, and rye but intensified it in triticale. These responses are associated with species-specific alterations in reactive signaling molecules, including a reduction in nitric oxide levels and an increase in hydrogen sulfide in sorghum, a decrease in superoxide anion levels in rye, and elevated hydrogen peroxide levels in wheat. Protein tyrosine nitration, a marker of nitro-oxidative stress, was reduced in most cases, further indicating the stress-mitigating role of SiO2 NPs. These signaling molecules were selected for their established roles in mediating oxidative and nitrosative stress responses under abiotic stress conditions.

Conclusions

SiO2 NP pretreatment modulates CuO NP-induced stress responses through species-specific regulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, demonstrating its potential as a tool for enhancing crop resilience. These findings advance the understanding of nanoparticle‒plant interactions and provide a foundation for future applications of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
Predicting high-risk return at emergency department presentation for patients who undergo short-term revisits: the HANDLE-24 score
Authors: Chen Chung-Ting , Liao Po-Hsiang , Lin Meng-Chen , Huang Hsien-Hao , How Chorng-Kuang , Tung Yu-Chi
Published: February 2025

Background

The 72-h emergency department (ED) revisit rate is a key quality indicator. While some revisits stem from medical errors or inadequate initial treatment, others are due to disease progression or a lack of accessible care. The development of a risk assessment tool could identify high-risk patients and improve resource management.

Methods

This study was conducted via an electronic health records system at a tertiary center in Taiwan. We derived a risk model via logistic regression and bootstrapping methods using a retrospective cohort of adults who underwent 72-h ED revisits between January 2019 and December 2020. The study population was divided into development (2019: 1224) and validation datasets (2020: 985). The primary outcome was high-risk return, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or in-hospital mortality after 72-h ED return.

Results

On the basis of the odds ratio, eight variables were independently associated with high-risk ED returns and subsequently included in the HANDLE-24 score (hypertension; symptoms of acute coronary syndrome; dysnatremia; dyspnea; liver disease; triage level escalation; and revisits within 24 h). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.816 (95% CI: 0.760–0.871, p < 0.001) in the development dataset and 0.804 (0.750–0.858) in the validation dataset. Patients can be divided into three risk categories on the basis of the HANDLE-24 score: low [0–8.5], moderate [9–11.5] and high [12–22] risk groups. The ability of our risk score to predict the rates of hospital admission, ICU admission and in-hospital mortality was significant according to the Cochran‒Armitage trend test.

Conclusion

The HANDLE-24 score represents a simple tool that allows early risk stratification and suggests more aggressive therapeutic strategies for patients experiencing ED revisits. The risk of adverse outcomes in ED adults after revisiting can be swiftly assessed via easily available information.
The reliance on conceptual frameworks in qualitative research – a way forward
Authors: Sale Joanna E. M. , Carlin Leslie
Published: February 2025

Background

While acknowledging that theory can be critical to scientific progress, we are concerned about instances of its tendency to encroach on, or replace, deep engagement with data in qualitative research. We discuss conceptual frameworks’ role in conducting and teaching qualitative research.

Methods

We address three questions about our attachment as researchers to theory through conceptual frameworks: (1) What do conceptual frameworks offer qualitative research?; (2) Why do researchers use and teach conceptual frameworks in qualitative research?; and (3) How can we practice and teach rigour while integrating conceptual frameworks in qualitative research?

Results

One way that theory may be misused in qualitative research is in the development and reliance on conceptual frameworks as a prescription for data collection and analysis. We suggest possible ways forward to ensure rigour while integrating frameworks in qualitative research, such as examining the evolution of our own theoretical perspectives.

Conclusions

We need to impart to our students the value of thinking deeply about their own data, of knowing what came before, and of taking the time and making an effort to unite these strands into novel and interesting results.
Metabolic biomarkers of clinical outcomes in severe mental illness (METPSY): protocol for a prospective observational study in the Hub for metabolic psychiatry
Authors: Rakshasa-Loots Arish Mudra , Steyn Christina , Swiffen Duncan , Marwick Katie F. M. , Semple Robert K. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Burgess Karl , Lawrie Stephen M. , Lightman Stafford L. , Luz Saturnino , Smith Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

People with severe mental illness have high rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction may be causally linked to the risk of severe mental illness. However, more research is needed to identify reliable metabolic markers which may have an impact on mental health outcomes, and to determine the mechanisms behind their impact. In the METPSY research study, we will investigate the relationship between metabolic markers and clinical outcomes of severe mental illness in young adults. We will recruit 120 young adults aged 16–25 years living in Scotland with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or no severe mental illness (controls) for a prospective observational study. We will assess clinical symptoms at three in-person visits (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, and collect blood samples at each of these visits for agnostic profiling of metabolic biomarkers through an untargeted metabolomic screen, using the rapid hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ion mobility mass spectrometry method (RHIMMS). Participants will also complete remote assessments at 3 and 9 months after the baseline visit: Ecological Momentary Assessments to measure mental health, wrist actigraphy to measure rhythms of rest and activity, and continuous glucose monitoring to measure metabolic changes. Throughout the 12-month enrolment period, we will also measure objective markers of sleep using a radar sleep monitor (Somnofy). Using advanced statistical techniques and machine learning analysis, we will seek to better understand the mechanisms linking metabolic health with mental health in young adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable
Impact of sodium‒glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in patients with recent versus previous myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Scardini Pedro Gabriel , Shih Katsuyama Eric , Armani Prata Alonzo , Marques Fernandes Julia , Ken Fukunaga Christian , Falco Neto Wilson , Covre Coan Ana Carolina , Machado de Andrade Naieli , Santana Silva Abraão , Petri Pinheiro Rafael , Gioli Pereira Luciana , Furtado Remo H. M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Sodium‒glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been included in heart failure (HF) guidelines because of their benefits in reducing mortality and hospitalization rates. However, the timing and benefits of initiating SGLT2 inhibitors in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) remain controversial. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo in patients with MI.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with recent or previous MI. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase for RCTs comparing SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo in patients with MI. The primary outcome was (1) HF hospitalization. In this analysis, we also included the following secondary outcomes: (2) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, MI or stroke; and (3) all-cause mortality. A subgroup analysis was conducted for the primary outcome, comparing patients who had experienced an MI more than 8 weeks prior to study enrolment (previous MI) versus those who had experienced an MI within the preceding 8 weeks (acute MI). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random effects model.

Results

Our meta-analysis included 10 RCTs comprising 22,266 patients, of whom 11,339 (51.2%) had type 2 diabetes. The mean age was 62 years, and the median follow-up was 21 months. According to the pooled analysis, HF hospitalization rates were lower in patients on SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69, 0.85; p < 0.001)). Differences in MACE were also observed in favor of SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.79, 0.97; p = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality between the groups (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 1.00; p = 0.058). Benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors for the primary outcome were consistent regardless of the timing of last MI, with no treatment by subgroup interaction (p for interaction = 0.56).

Conclusion

In this meta-analysis of patients who experienced MI, the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower rates of hospitalization for HF. In addition, the treatment effect of SGLT2 inhibitors was consistent regardless of whether they were started in the recent versus previous MI setting.
Association between Heavy metals and triglyceride-glucose-related index: a mediation analysis of inflammation indicators
Authors: Hu Yitao , Kong Yuzhe , Tian Xinling , Zhang Xinyi , Zuo Yu
Published: February 2025

Background

In cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood lipids and glucose are common. These abnormalities accelerate atherosclerosis and may impair insulin signaling via oxidative stress and inflammation. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a cost-effective marker for assessing IR and CVD risk, reflecting insulin resistance and early atherosclerosis. However, research on factors affecting the TyG index, especially mixed heavy metal exposure, is limited. Heavy metals might alter the TyG index by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation, affecting lipid and glucose metabolism. This study explores the link between heavy metal exposure and TyG index changes, focusing on inflammation's mediating role, aiming to offer new strategies for CVD and IR prevention and management.

Method

This research explores the association between heavy metal concentrations and TyG indicators, drawing on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2016. It employs a range of statistical approaches, such as linear and non-linear analyses, multiple linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Additionally, a mediation analysis investigates the role of inflammation in modifying the effects of heavy metal exposure.

Result

The research analyzed data from a sample of 2,050 individuals, finding notable links between mixed heavy metals and variations in TyG markers. Specifically, the presence of heavy metal mixtures was associated with significant increases in these indicators. Additionally, six inflammatory markers were identified that act as intermediaries in the process leading from heavy metal exposure to alterations in TyG indicators.

Conclusion

The study establishes a clear association between heavy metal and adverse changes in TyG markers, influenced in part by inflammation. These insights highlight the urgent need for improved monitoring of environmental health and specific strategies to decrease heavy metal exposure, thus lessening their harmful impact on cardiovascular health. The research enhances understanding of the dynamic interactions between environmental exposures and metabolic health, laying groundwork for public health initiatives aimed at curtailing chronic disease risks linked to heavy metals.

Graphical Abstract
Sex differences in the relationship between olfactory and cognitive impairment among subjects with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Liu Qin , Chen Ben , Wang Qiang , Xu Danyan , Yang Mingfeng , Lin Gaohong , Zeng Yijie , Lao Jingyi , Liang Shuang , Li Jiafu , Yao Kexin , Zhong Xiaomei , Ning Yuping
Published: February 2025

Background

Odor identification (OI) deficits are observed in both individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and serve as risk factors for dementia. Compared with males, females typically demonstrate superior OI performance and different risks of dementia. However, the role of sex in the relationship between OI dysfunction and cognitive impairment remains uncertain.

Methods

In total, 121 subjects with SCD (41 males and 80 females), and 169 subjects with MCI (59 males and 110 females) underwent the Sniffin’ Sticks Screen 16 test and comprehensive neuropsychological examination. The relationships between olfactory and cognitive impairment were analyzed via partial correlation, multiple linear regression and moderating effects.

Results

In both SCD and MCI subjects, males performed better in language and females performed better in memory. The correlation between OI and cognition tended to be stronger in MCI subjects than in SCD subjects. In MCI subjects, the correlation tended to be stronger in females. For MCI females, better OI performance was correlated with higher short-term memory and attention scores. For MCI males, better OI performance was correlated with higher short-term memory scores. The OI was correlated with language in SCD males and with attention in SCD females. Sex played a moderating role in the relationship between OI dysfunction and language in MCI subjects and the relationship between OI dysfunction and short-term delayed recall memory and language in SCD subjects.

Conclusion

These findings revealed significant sex differences between OI dysfunction and cognitive impairment in SCD and MCI subjects. Sex differences should be considered when utilizing OI in clinical settings to predict cognitive function.
Lactate metabolism in clonal plasma cells and its therapeutic implications in multiple myeloma patients with elevated serum LDH levels
Authors: Chawla Yogesh , Anderson Emilie I. , Smith Matthew , Jain Sonia , Evans Laura A. , Neff Jadee , Jang Jin Sung , Vazquez Rosario Isas K. , Jevremovic Dragan , Petterson Xuan-Mai , Sebastian Sinto , Fonseca Rafael , Kumar Shaji K. , Hitosugi Taro , Gonsalves Wilson I.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic differences between MM cells derived from patients with elevated serum LDH levels and those without elevated serum LDH levels to identify biological differences that could be exploited for therapeutic purposes.

Methods

We performed transcriptome assessments of CD138 + MM cells derived from patients with elevated serum LDH levels compared to those without elevated serum LDH levels and validated the findings in a larger public dataset. Functional metabolic assessments of our findings were performed using a combination of stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM), bioenergetic flux measurement assays, and live cell analysis in human myeloma cell lines and primary MM patient cells.

Results

We identified SLC16A1, responsible for the formation of MCT1, a well-defined bi-directional transporter of lactate in and out of a cell with a predilection to importing extracellular lactate, as differentially expressed between the two groups. This finding was functionally confirmed by higher membranous MCT1 protein expression and SIRM on MM cells derived from patients with elevated serum LDH levels compared to those without elevated serum LDH levels. Finally, disrupting lactate transport in and out of CD138 + MM cells was maximally achievable only with dual inhibition of MCT1 and its partner, MCT4, which was preferentially more cytotoxic in MM cells derived from patients with elevated serum levels of LDH.

Conclusion

MCT1 mRNA and protein expression distinguish MM cells derived from patients with elevated serum LDH levels from those without elevated serum LDH levels. However, only dual inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4 can disrupt lactate transport in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, with preferential cytotoxicity in MM cells from patients with high serum LDH levels.
The tumour microenvironment of pilocytic astrocytoma evolves over time via enrichment for microglia
Authors: Stone Thomas J. , Pickles Jessica C. , Ogunbiyi Olumide , Yasin Shireena A. , Taylor Catherine A. , Ahmed Saira W. , Chalker Jane , Dryden Carryl , Slodkowska Iwona , Pang Emily , Kristiansen Mark , Williams Rachel , Tutill Helena , Williams Charlotte A. , Madhan Gaganjit K. , Forrest Leysa , Brooks Tony , Hubank Mike , Hughes Debbie , Proszek Paula , Pietka Grzegorz , Peat Erin , Hargrave Darren , Jacques Thomas S.
Published: February 2025

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the commonest low-grade tumour affecting children and is frequently experienced as a chronic disease associated with extended treatment, periods of regrowth, and long-term disability. This contrasts with the view of PA as a benign tumour with positive clinical outcomes and raises the fundamental question of biologically driven change over time within these tumours, which will impact diagnosis, stratification, and management. To investigate the molecular, cellular, and pathological stability of PA we performed RNA sequencing, methylation array profiling, immunohistochemistry, and targeted panel DNA sequencing on a cohort of 15 PA patients with matched primary/longitudinal samples at a mean sampling interval of 2.7 years. Through pairwise analysis of primary versus longitudinal tumour samples we identified changes to immune-related pathways within the expression and methylation profiles of longitudinal PA. Further interrogation of these changes revealed an enrichment over time for microglial cell populations, which was validated by immunohistochemistry against common monocyte/microglial markers. Moreover, immunohistochemical characterisation revealed concurrent increases in the expression of M2-like and anti-inflammatory markers. Microglial enrichments were consistent across the cohort and were not adequately explained by a range of potential confounders, including receipt of adjuvant therapy. Taken together, these data challenge the idea of pilocytic astrocytoma as a static entity and indicate that they consistently accumulate microglia over time, potentially co-opting the immune microenvironment towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype that may affect the natural course and treatment response of the tumours.
Performance evaluation of geopolymer concrete with waste granite powder as a sustainable alternative to sand
Authors: Minhajuddin Ahmed , Saha Arijit
Published: February 2025

The control and disposal of solid waste pose significant global challenges, particularly in the management of waste granite powder (WGP), a by-product of granite processing industries. Addressing this issue, the present study investigates the potential of WGP as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in concrete, with replacement levels up to 50%. The research emphasizes the need for sustainable construction materials and explores the viability of using industrial waste to reduce environmental impact and resource depletion. Novel aspects of this study include the comprehensive evaluation of the physical and chemical characteristics of fine aggregate and WGP through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The study also examines the fresh and mechanical properties of concrete, such as workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and modulus of elasticity to determine the optimum WGP substitution level. The findings reveal that mechanical strength improves with WGP replacement levels of up to 40%, highlighting the potential of WGP in enhancing concrete performance. Furthermore, correlations between different mechanical properties are analyzed, providing a deeper understanding of the behavior of WGP-blended concrete. In addition to technical evaluations, a detailed cost analysis is conducted to assess the economic feasibility of using WGP in concrete production. The results indicate that incorporating WGP not only offers environmental benefits by reducing waste but also provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional fine aggregate. Thus, substituting sand with WGP in concrete emerges as a sustainable solution, delivering comparable or superior mechanical properties while contributing to environmental conservation and cost reduction.
Conversion of streetlights to light-emitting diode (LED) type
Authors: Sankhwar Pravin
Published: February 2025

For the rising need for energy conservation and improving outdoor experience, the current streetlights require an upgrade to light-emitting diode (LED) lighting. LEDs are well-known for their better operating hours, brighter color temperature, and reduced energy consumption. As per the US Energy Information Administration, lighting accounts for 17% of energy consumption for commercial buildings as reported by U. S. Energy Information Adminstration (2024). In this paper, a methodology was presented to overcome the challenges of LED transformation. As a sample case based on the existing profile of high-pressure sodium (HPS), incandescent (INC), fluorescent (FL), metal halide (MH), and mercury vapor (MV) in the District of Columbia, energy conservation from the conversion of HPS to LED type was presented. A total energy savings and GHG reduction from this conversion gave a positive outcome of large-scale replacements with LED. LED drivers are capable of withstanding stresses that streetlights are exposed to. However, additional considerations from a lighting equipment specifier to select drivers with more robust capacitors withstanding high heat and frequencies are required. A simple evaluation of HPS vs LED showed higher performance at lower-rated LED wattage luminaires.
Forward modeling of coal goafs based on frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic method
Authors: Qin Wenjie , Yang Yang , Zhu Jie
Published: February 2025

The emergence of goafs in coal mines disrupts the stress balance of surrounding rock structures, leading to problems, including cracks, ground collapse, and localized uneven settlement. Accurate and efficient detection of the location of a coal goaf has become an urgent and challenging issue in coal mining, disaster prevention, and control. Starting from the Maxwell equations, as satisfied by the total electric field, a frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic vector finite element forward modeling theory was derived using unstructured grid elements to discretise the model area. A complex goaf was constructed, the discrete technique of electric dipoles was introduced, and the transmitting wire was discretised into a series of electric dipoles. Several examples of forward calculation were designed, including three types of single-layer goaf models and four double-layer goaf models. 2D forward simulation was conducted using these models to verify the forward effect. The results demonstrate that the use of the frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic method (FCEM) to detect coal goafs was satisfactory.
Nurses’ usage of validated tools to assess for delirium in general acute care settings: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Boyd Aoibhinn , Kirwan Marcia , Bannon Leona
Published: February 2025

Background Delirium is an acute, neuropsychiatric syndrome, characterized by an altered mental state. It often affects hospital in-patients and is associated with an increased risk of mortality, dementia, and functional decline. Delirium can be detected through the use of validated assessment tools, administered by nurses, and early detection is associated with improved outcomes for patients. However, validated tools are infrequently utilised and cases of delirium are frequently missed. A greater understanding of nurses’ use of validated delirium assessment tools is needed in order to reduce the number of missed cases. Objectives The aim of this scoping review is to identify how validated assessment tools are used by nurses in general acute care settings to assess for delirium and identify the barriers and enablers for said tools’ use. Methods This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The databases CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus will be searched using a search strategy. Grey literature will also be searched using Google Scholar and BASE. Results will be uploaded to Covidence where the sources will be screened for relevance. Data from relevant sources will be extracted using a data extraction tool. Results The PRISMA-ScR flow diagram will present the results of the search. Results will be mapped descriptively and presented as both tabulated results and a narrative summary. Conclusion This protocol outlines the structure of a scoping review that will analyse the existing literature surrounding nurses use of validated delirium assessment tools. This review aims to map the evidence of delirium assessment tool utilisation by nurses and identify any barriers to usage. This will support future researchers and policy makers in the improvement of delirium assessment in acute care settings.
The Exclusionary Nationalist Discourse of Radical Populist Right-Wing Parties in Contemporary Poland
Authors: Czapnik Sławomir , Mazurkiewicz Marek
Published: February 2025

The objective of the paper is to analyse the nationalist political message of radical populist right-wing parties in Poland from 2015 to 2022. The authors apply a wide theoretical approach to the study of right-wing populism. The text exemplifies the category of ‘enemies’ of Poland and Polishness on the basis of three groups. The first analysed category is that of ‘the leftists’ and ‘cultural Marxists’, who are accused of undermining the ‘true’ roots of European civilisation. This part is followed by an analysis of a related but distinct category, namely atheists, who allegedly constitute a threat to the Catholic identity of Poles. The last group under analysis is refugees – especially Muslim refugees – who are presented in a racialised and even racist manner. The conclusions emphasise the undemocratic nature of the discourse of the Polish radical right.
Procedural Accidents and Incidents during Root Canal Treatment
Authors: Wing Chuan Chan , Esma J Doğramacı , Giampiero Rossi-Fedele
Published: February 2025

Incidents and accidents influence the outcome of root canal treatment, irrespective of the operative techniques used. The unjustified removal of dental hard tissues may promote structural failure of the root canal treated tooth or recontamination of the intra-canal space. Iatrogenic errors, particularly those associated with the loss of working length due to blockages, can impede adequate cleaning, shaping and filling of the root canals. This can influence the treatment of apical periodontitis as well as tooth retention. This case series discusses common incidents and accidents that can occur during root canal treatment, as well as their possible management.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Operators should be aware of the possible intra-operative complications during root canal treatment and factors to prevent their occurrence.
Conflictos socioambientales en México: análisis del impacto del proyecto eólico desde la geografía latinoamericana y la ecología política
Authors: Portador García Teresa De Jesús , Solórzano Tello Octavio Alonso
Published: February 2025

El artículo analiza los conflictos socioambientales que generan la instalación y operación de proyectos de energía eólica por empresas transnacionales y con el respaldo de gobiernos de los niveles (local, estatal y federal) en el Istmo de Tehuantepec Oaxaca, México. Se retoma la concepción de la Naturaleza y los territorios como unidad con agencia, vinculadas a las tradiciones y cosmovisiones de los pueblos indígenas. El análisis se realiza desde la geografía crítica latinoamericana y la ecología política, porque permiten explicar y comprender las concepciones que los diversos actores tienen de la Naturaleza y el medio ambiente. También se analizan las resistencias sociales contra los proyectos eólicos que cuestionan las narrativas de las energías “limpias y de la transición energética”. Asimismo, se reposiciona la justicia ambiental, los derechos de los pueblos originarios, los derechos humanos y culturales, y los derechos de la Naturaleza en un contexto de globalización neoliberal (neoextractivismo, saqueo de recursos naturales, degradación del medio ambiente, biodiversidad y ecosistemas).
Mujeres Kichwa de la Amazonia ecuatoriana frente al extractivismo: memorias, perspectivas y la lucha colectiva por los derechos
Authors: Cevallos Vivar Sofia
Published: February 2025

Desde principios de los años 2000, la Amazonía ecuatoriana atraviesa un período marcado por un aumento de las actividades extractivas en territorios habitados mayoritariamente por pueblos indígenas. La extrema desigualdad, la violencia y la destrucción del sustento material y espiritual de la vida son parte de los efectos de estas actividades desarrolladas en perjuicio de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas y los derechos de la naturaleza consagrados en la Constitución Política del Ecuador (2008). En este contexto de violenta irrupción del sistema neoliberal, las condiciones de vida de las mujeres y niñas indígenas han sufrido un impacto particular como efecto de la “hipermasculinización” de las relaciones sociales que acompaña a las actividades extractivistas. A partir de una etnografía realizada con el pueblo Kichwa de Pakayaku entre 2021 y 2022, este artículo busca analizar los efectos del extractivismo en la vida de las mujeres amazónicas y resaltar las formas como ellas están movilizando el discurso de los derechos para hacer frente a este modelo desestabilizando, al mismo tiempo, los discursos liberales sobre el individuo, sobre los derechos y sobre los territorios que prevalecen en el ámbito de la justicia nacional.
Pluricentrisme en català: aspectes sociolingüístics i lingüístics
Authors: Ramos Alfajarín Joan-Rafael
Published: February 2025

Aquest treball estudia la llengua catalana com a llengua pluricèntrica. Després d’una aproximació al concepte de pluricentrisme, s’analitza el procés històric que ha desembocat en l’aparició de més d’una varietat estàndard en català. L’estudi se centra en el cas del País València, on l’adaptació de la normativa fabriana ha fet possible la consolidació d’una varietat estàndard valenciana en connivència amb l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans. Ara bé, les circumstàncies sociopolítiques valencianes han portat a la creació d’un centre codificador propi, l’Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. L’estudi compara els aspectes ortogràfics, gramaticals i lèxics dels diferents models de llengua associats als diversos centres emissors i posa de manifest el simbolisme que adquireixen determinats trets lingüístics com a referents identitaris.
LA INFANCIA Y EDUCACIÓN DE LOS ÚLTIMOS TRASTÁMARA A TRAVÉS DE LA CINEMATOGRAFÍA DEL PRIMER CUARTO DEL SIGLO XXI
Authors: JIMÉNEZ MOLERO OSCAR
Published: February 2025

Isabel (1470-1498), Juan (1478-1497), Juana (1479-1555), María (1482-1517) y Catalina (1485-1536) conforman la descendencia legítima de la monarquía dual engendrada por Isabel I de Castilla (1451-1504) y Fernando II de Aragón (1452-1516). Dichos infantes son los protagonistas de la presente investigación y, más concretamente, una parte no tan sondeada como es su infancia y educación. Con esta aportación, se pretende comprobar cómo películas, seriales televisivos y, en definitiva, todo tipo de audiovisuales nacionales e internacionales han proyectado, a través de la pantalla del primer cuarto del siglo XXI, esta etapa vital y concreta de su vida.
LA VERDAD SEGÚN…: PUNTOS DE VISTA EN LAS VERSIONES CINEMATOGRÁFICA Y NOVELÍSTICA DE THE LAST DUEL
Authors: LACALLE JUAN MANUEL , DELGADO MASTRAL CELIA A.
Published: February 2025

En el artículo se analiza la película The Last Duel (2021), dirigida por Ridley Scott, en diálogo con el libro homónimo de Eric Jager (2004) y otras ficciones. El corpus se examina con el foco puesto en la utilización del imaginario y la historia medievales en textualidades contemporáneas. El acento está colocado en la funcionalidad de la reelaboración a partir del recurso del narrador no confiable y los elementos vinculados al género policial, con el centro en el episodio de la violación a Lady Marguerite.
ENTRE DEUDAS Y SUEÑOS: UNA CARTA INÉDITA DE GEORGES MÉLIÈS
Authors: QUIROGA RODRIGUEZ ELIO , DÍAZ LUIS
Published: February 2025

Georges Méliès revolucionó el cine con sus innovaciones técnicas y narrativas, siendo el pionero cinematográfico más conocido de la primera generación de cineastas que exploraron la narración visual. En 1923, acosado por deudas, abandonó el cine, y muchas de sus obras fueron destruidas o perdidas. A pesar de obtener un cierto reconocimiento antes de su muerte, acaecida en 1938, nunca volvió a hacer cine. Una carta inédita de su puño y letra recientemente descubierta contiene información que indicaría que Méliès planeaba reabrir uno de sus estudios en 1935, desvelando una faceta hasta ahora poco conocida de su vida, y sus intenciones de regresar al mundo del cine. Este hallazgo proporciona una nueva perspectiva sobre los últimos años de la vida de Méliès y su legado.
RUBÍN DE CELIS, Santiago (2024): André Delvaux. La atracción del lugar desconocido
Authors: Barrenetxea Marañón Igor
Published: February 2025

Reseña del libro André Delvaux. La atracción del lugar desconocido, de Santiago Rubín De Celis
La Ricarda: patrimoni del conflicte
Authors: Graupera-Gargallo Isabel
Published: February 2025

Estudi de cas de La Ricarda, residència familiar obra d’Antoni Bonet Castellana, situada al Prat de Llobregat. Se’n destaca la seva importància històrica i artística en el marc del patrimoni cultural català. És una mostra magnífica de l'arquitectura racionalista i es descriu la seva projecció i construcció durant el franquisme mentre l’arquitecte era a l’exili. Per altra banda, es posa en relació el Club 49 amb La Ricarda, escenari habitual de celebració d’esdeveniments de l’avantguarda artística barcelonina. Un dels objectius de l’article és identificar La Ricarda com un clar exemple de “patrimoni del conflicte”, un conflicte que anirà associat a la història de la residència fins a l’actualitat. Es debat sobre el seu valor patrimonial, tant material com immaterial, i s’avalua la seva relació amb la comunitat local i el públic en general. Finalment, es proposa l’anàlisi de La Ricarda a mode de banc metodològic per tal que alumnes universitaris d’antropologia plantegin estratègies de dinamització sociocultural. La metodologia utilitzada a l’article es fonamenta en les tècniques d’investigació qualitativa.
Crónicas de ciudades discontinuas: Francesco Careri y Ciudad Juárez
Authors: Méndez Llopis Carles , Mínguez García Hortensia
Published: February 2025

En agosto de 2019, Francisco Careri visitó Ciudad Juárez –una población al norte de México, colindante a El Paso (Tx.)– para impartir el taller “El caminar como práctica estética” y mapear psicogeográficamente el espacio urbano de esta localidad. Ciudad Juárez es frontera con Estados Unidos, es industrial y americanizada, con un urbanismo horizontal diseñado para automóviles que la hace de difícil lectura. Sin embargo, lo que en un principio pudiera plantearse como un problema arquitectónico tradicional –lugares indeterminados, ignorados o vacíos— para Careri implicaba la posibilidad de poner en práctica un enfoque participativo de la urbe, de dirigir el taller hacia una transformación espacial y simbólica que respondiera a las necesidades y deseos de sus comunidades, de quienes habitaban dichos espacios. Durante el último cuarto de siglo, este reconocido arquitecto –y su Laboratorio de Arte Urbano Stalker/Observatorio Nómada (1995)— ha empleado dos instrumentos creativos diferentes para relacionarse con el espacio público más allá de los estudios de arquitectura y urbanismo convencionales: el caminar y el detenerse. Así, dirigidos a las sucesivas caminatas permitieron leer la ciudad de forma participativa, habitarla en ciertos momentos, para proyectar simbólicamente sus diferentes construcciones. Al proponerlos como modo de búsqueda, se estimulan capacidades creativas y colectivas que transforman aquello que se transita: cada jornada supuso tomar lúdicamente la ciudad, yuxtaponer dimensiones narrativas, sumar relatos y vivencias de los sujetos que la viven y comparten, para pasar a considerarla como un espacio relacional de intercambio, complejo y multidimensional. Al finalizar la experiencia, Careri concedió una entrevista que sirvió de herramienta para configurar el presente texto, para trascender el mero registro de vivencias e ir delimitando respuestas posibles a la pregunta ¿qué es hacer ciudad? Exponer, en última instancia, un territorio que es, simultáneamente, arquitectónico y político, informe y plural, artificial y público, conflictivo y compartido, emancipado y apropiado, etc. De este modo, más allá de atestiguar simplemente el encuentro con Ciudad Juárez, tanto el taller como sus reflexiones, abrieron la posibilidad de cartografiar su anatomía y dimensionar su materialidad, de entender los diferentes sistemas de poder en la urbe –al mismo tiempo que sus resistencias—, de visibilizar sus violencias y de recuperar la convivencia a través de la activación de su ciudadanía. Gracias a esta práctica fenomenológica surgieron nuevas lecturas y experiencias de dicho entorno al considerar el espacio desde perspectivas emocionales que lo dotaron de significaciones estéticas. Así, el texto, aporta métodos para un análisis espacial muy concreto de la ciudad, uno alimentado por la clave narrativa que –fuera de la oficialidad— la construye estéticamente al recorrerla.