bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Related donor transplants: has posttransplantation cyclophosphamide nullified the detrimental effect of HLA mismatch?
Authors: Robinson Tara M. , Fuchs Ephraim J. , Zhang Mei-Jie , St. Martin Andrew , Labopin Myriam , Keesler Daniel A. , Blaise Didier , Bashey Asad , Bourhis Jean-Henri , Ciceri Fabio , Ciurea Stefan O. , Devine Steven M. , Mohty Mohamad , McCurdy Shannon R. , Milpied Noel , McNiece Ian K. , Rocha Vanderson , Romee Rizwan , Socie Gerard , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Soiffer Robert J. , Eapen Mary , Nagler Arnon
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Patient age, 18 to 54 years: comparable survival after transplants from an HLA-matched sibling and a haploidentical sibling. Patient age, 55 to 76 years: better survival after transplants from an HLA-matched sibling compared with offspring.
Mental health crisis resolution teams and crisis care systems in England: a national survey
Authors: Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Lamb Danielle , Barnby Joseph , Eskinazi Michelle , Turner Amelia , Johnson Sonia
Published: May 2018

Aims and method

A national survey investigated the implementation of mental health crisis resolution teams (CRTs) in England. CRTs were mapped and team managers completed an online survey.

Results

Ninety-five per cent of mapped CRTs (n = 233) completed the survey. Few CRTs adhered fully to national policy guidelines. CRT implementation and local acute care system contexts varied substantially. Access to CRTs for working-age adults appears to have improved, compared with a similar survey in 2012, despite no evidence of higher staffing levels. Specialist CRTs for children and for older adults with dementia have been implemented in some areas but are uncommon.

Clinical implications

A national mandate and policy guidelines have been insufficient to implement CRTs fully as planned. Programmes to support adherence to the CRT model and CRT service improvement are required. Clearer policy guidance is needed on requirements for crisis care for young people and older adults.

Declaration of interest

None.
The over-35s: early intervention in psychosis services entering uncharted territory
Authors: Clay Felix , Allan Sophie , Lai Serena , Laverty Siona , Jagger Grace , Treise Cate , Perez Jesus
Published: May 2018

Aims and method

Following the introduction of new standards for early intervention in psychosis (EIP) in England, EIP services are accepting referrals for people aged 35–65. The Cambridgeshire and Peterborough EIP service (CAMEO) aimed to explore the immediate implications for the service, especially with regards to referral numbers and sources. Data were collected from April 2016 to June 2017.

Results

Referrals for over-35s represented 25.7% of all new referrals. Fifty per cent of referrals for over-35s were accepted onto caseload (40.2% for under-35s). The over-35s were more likely to be referred from acute and secondary mental health services (P < 0.01) and had longer durations of untreated psychosis than the under-35s (P = 0.02).

Clinical implications

CAMEO has received a significantly higher number of referrals as a result of age inclusivity, with an increased proportion of patients suffering from severe, acute psychotic presentations and existing mental health difficulties. This has implications for service planning.

Declaration of interest

None.
Child abuse potential in mothers with early life maltreatment, borderline personality disorder and depression
Authors: Dittrich Katja , Boedeker Katja , Kluczniok Dorothea , Jaite Charlotte , Hindi Attar Catherine , Fuehrer Daniel , Herpertz Sabine C. , Brunner Romuald , Winter Sibylle Maria , Heinz Andreas , Roepke Stefan , Heim Christine , Bermpohl Felix
Published: May 2018

Background

Early life maltreatment (ELM), borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been shown to increase the potential of abuse. Emotion regulation is an identified mediator for the association of ELM and BPD with abuse potential. Until now, there has been no study to account for the co-occurrence of these risk factors in one analysis, although BPD and MDD are known as common sequelae of ELM. This is paired with a lack of studies investigating the effects of abuse potential on child well-being.

Aims

Our study aims at (a) disentangling the effects of maternal ELM, MDD and BPD on abuse potential; (b) exploring the role of emotion regulation as a mediator; and (c) testing for intergenerational effects of abuse potential on child psychopathology.

Method

The research design included 114 mothers with/without ELM, BPD and MDD in remission and their children, all of which were between 5 and 12 years of age. A path analysis was conducted to investigate the multiple associations between our variables.

Results

ELM, MDD and BPD were all associated with abuse potential, with emotion regulation acting as a mediator for BPD and MDD. Furthermore, an elevated abuse potential was related to higher psychopathology in the child.

Conclusions

History of ELM as well as the common sequelae, BPD and MDD, pose risks for child abuse. Our findings suggest improvement of emotion regulation as a potential target for intervention programs. These programs should also aim at non-substantiated cases because even an elevated abuse potential affected child mental health.

Declaration of interest

None.
Rapid depth perception in hunting archerfish I. The predictive C-starts use an independent estimate of target height
Authors: Reinel Caroline P. , Schuster Stefan
Published: May 2018

Archerfish dislodge aerial prey with water jets and use their predictive C-starts to secure it. Their C-starts turn the fish to the later point of impact and set the speed so that the fish would arrive just in time. The starts are adjusted on the basis of information on speed, direction, timing and horizontal start position of prey movement – sampled during less than 100 ms after prey starts falling. Presently it is unclear, if one essential parameter, the initial height of prey can also be determined during this brief sampling time. Shooters and probably also observing bystanders already know target height ­– to hit and to shape their jets and would simply have to feed this information into their C-start circuitry. We challenged archerfish by launching initially invisible prey objects either from the expected height level, at which the fish were looking and at which they fired shots, or from more lateral positions and a lower or a higher initial height. The arrangement was so that an analysis of the direction and the linear speed chosen by the starting fish could decide whether the C-start information is based on the expected height or on the actual height, that can be detected only after hidden prey has begun falling. Our findings demonstrate that the fish quickly estimate initial height during the initial falling phase of prey and do not simply use the expected height level to which they were cued.
Biomechanical factors influencing successful self-righting in the pleurodire turtle,Emydura subglobosa
Authors: Rubin Alex M. , Blob Richard W. , Mayerl Christopher J.
Published: May 2018

Self-righting performance is a key ability for most terrestrial animals, and has been used as a metric of fitness, exhaustion, and thermal limits in a variety of taxa. However, there is little understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive variation in self-righting performance. To evaluate the mechanical factors that contribute to success versus failure when animals attempt to self-right, we compared force production and kinematic behavior in the rigid-bodied, pleurodire turtle Emydura subglobosa between successful and unsuccessful self-righting efforts. We found that the moment exerted during efforts to roll the body and the velocity of that roll are the primary drivers behind self-righting success. Specifically, turtles that self-righted successfully produced both larger moments and faster rolls than turtles that failed. In contrast, the angle at which the head was directed to lever the body and the extent of yaw that was incorporated in addition to roll had little impact on the likelihood of success. These results show that specific performance metrics can predict the ability of animals to self-right, providing a framework for biomimetic applications as well future comparisons to test for differences in self-righting performance across animals from different environments, sexes, populations, and species.
Cost-per-Impression Pricing for Display Advertising
Authors: Fridgeirsdottir Kristin , Najafi-Asadolahi Sami
Published: May 2018

Display advertising has a 39% share of the online advertising market and is its fastest-growing category. In this paper, we consider an online display advertising setting in which a web publisher posts display ads on its website and charges based on the cost-per-impression (CPM) pricing scheme while promising to deliver a certain number of impressions on the ads posted. The publisher faces uncertain demand for advertising slots and uncertain supply of visits from viewers. We formulate the problem as a queueing system, where the advertising slots correspond to service channels with the service rate of each server synchronized with other active servers. We determine the publisher’s optimal price to charge per impression and show that it can increase in the number of impressions made of each ad, which is in contrast to the quantity discount commonly offered in practice. We show that the optimal CPM price may increase in the number of ads rotating among slots. This result is typically not expected because an increase in the number of rotating ads in the system can be interpreted as an increase in the service capacity. However, the capacity increase leads to an increase in the fill rate of the demand (the portion of demand satisfied by the publisher). Hence, the publisher can afford to optimally decrease the arrival rate by increasing the price.

The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1697 .
Roman Philosophy and the Jews
Authors: Niehoff Maren R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter details how Philo integrates the Jews into his philosophical treatises, which are of lively interest in Rome, where they had been discussed since Cicero. The Jews are moreover inscribed into contemporary discourses and presented as philosophers who live by both their ancestral tradition and the values of Roman Stoicism. The Jews are distinguished now from the Greeks and described by Roman notions. Indeed, Philo has speedily integrated into Roman culture, which he encountered during the embassy, and shown an exceptional intellectual curiosity. Philo's achievement is impressive, as he offers the first extant Roman interpretation of Judaism. Moreover, Philo's philosophy in his later treatises has implications for early Christianity, which turns in the mid-second century to philosophy in a Roman mode.
An Utterly Transcendent God and His Logos
Authors: Niehoff Maren R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter details how, in the Allegorical Commentary, Philo develops a theology that significantly differs from his position in the Exposition, where he elevates the creation to a Jewish dogma. At the beginning of his career he intensively engaged the discourses of his hometown Alexandria and adopted a typical orientation toward Platonism and Pythagoreanism with their characteristic emphasis on transcendence. He developed these ideas further than his predecessors and formulated for the first time a negative theology that posits an unknowable God beyond good and evil. Philo also interprets the Jewish Scriptures creatively and develops a theory of the Logos as an intermediary figure that permits human beings to approach the divine realm without compromising God. Many of Philo's ideas subsequently resurface in Gnostic and Platonic authors, who may have been inspired by him, as many of them hailed from Alexandria.
Epilogue
Authors: Field Kendra Taira
Published: May 2018

“Grandpa went back to Africa with Garvey,” my grandmother recalled. I carried this precious refrain into the archives with me. In Garvey’s place, I found Chief Sam, in the black and Indian borderlands of Oklahoma. While the Great Migration had largely displaced the preceding history of black rural emigration at the nadir, so had Garveyism displaced descendants’ memories of the Chief Sam movement. Meanwhile, scholars portrayed the movement as the product of a single charismatic charlatan and his nameless, faceless followers. Relying almost exclusively on U.S. sources and the memories of those “left behind” in an economically depressed and politically repressed Jim Crow Oklahoma, the only book-length study of the movement, written in the 1950s, argued that the Chief Sam movement illustrated “the desperate hopes of an utterly desperate group of people.” The image fit easily with twentieth-century American tropes of black victimhood and criminality....
Law and the Unconscious
Authors: Dailey Anne C.
Published: May 2018

This book establishes the vital relevance of contemporary psychoanalysis to law. Our legal system is predicated on the idea that people act rationally and of their own free will. Yet the facts of mental life present a much messier picture. Psychoanalysis draws our attention to the hidden, conflicted, wishful, sometimes self-destructive aspects of our inner selves that can produce inexplicable decision making and irrational behavior. With its detailed portrait of the unconscious, psychoanalysis helps us to answer some of the most puzzling questions in law, such as: Why would an individual confess to a crime she did not commit? What motivates an individual to enter into a prenuptial agreement against his own interest? Why should we prohibit incestuous sexual relations between consenting adults? Why would a victim of domestic violence delay leaving her abuser? What prevents an individual from changing when confronted with evidence of his own racial bias? Delving deep into the complex workings of the unconscious, this book draws on contemporary psychoanalytic ideas to refine and redefine legal theory, rules, and judging. The contemporary psychoanalytic perspective presented here complements much of the research on the mind taking place in the cognitive sciences. At the crossroads of psychology and the law, this book challenges basic legal assumptions about the autonomous, rational actor, offering a nuanced and humane perspective that furthers our legal system’s highest ideals of individual fairness and systemic justice.
Introduction
Authors: DeLucia Christine M.
Published: May 2018

The introduction establishes the significance of King Philip’s War, called the “great watershed” for the powerful ways in which it reshaped Native and colonial communities, lives, and memories in the Northeast. It provides a general overview of historiographical debates on the topic, including the importance of localizing scholarly studies of North America and the Atlantic World; incorporating material culture and ethnography sources as well as documentary/archival evidence; and pursuing “decolonizing methodologies” in which researchers create more reciprocal relationships with tribal descendant communities. The introduction also stresses the necessity of locally grounded “fieldwork,” and highlights some considerations in choosing to focus on historical violence. It emphasizes that the violences of the seventeenth century continue to reverberate among descendant communities—Native as well as Euro-American—and that these legacies merit serious attention.
Contested Passages
Authors: DeLucia Christine M.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the area around Boston Harbor and how Algonquians as well as Massachusetts Bay colonists engaged in contestations beginning in the seventeenth century. It begins by unpacking how Wampanoag and Massachusett peoples understood such geographies, including the meanings of rivers, maritime spaces, and islands, drawing upon deep-time oral traditions and archaeology. It then follows the arrival of John Winthrop and Puritans into Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630, and how that colonial enterprise began to exert pressures on Native people through epidemic disease, land loss, and imbalanced diplomatic relationships. The arrival of Protestant missionaries such as John Eliot also transformed certain Natives’ relationships to kin networks, homelands, and spiritual affiliations. When King Philip’s War broke out in 1675, Christian-affiliated Natives around the “Praying Town” of Natick, situated on the Charles River, were forcibly rounded up and removed from Natick to an incarceration site on Deer Island in Boston Harbor, where they suffered large casualties. The chapter tracks how survivors of Deer Island navigated a challenging postwar landscape and rebuilt their lives and communities. It also examines New England forms of commemoration in the seventeenth century onward, including literary as well as physical types of memorialization.
The Gathering Place
Authors: DeLucia Christine M.
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on the “Great River” (Kwinitekw or Connecticut River) that runs the length of the Northeast, and the multi-layered histories involved at its midpoint. At Peskeomskut, Algonquians from multiple tribal communities had gathered for thousands of years for fishing, planting, and socializing. This important waterfall came under attack in May 1676 in the latter stages of King Philip’s War, as colonial troops endeavoured to subdue and displace Algonquians who had not surrendered by that point in the conflict. These tensions arose from several decades of colonization in the river valley, which entangled Natives and colonizers in fur-trading relationships that sometimes spiralled into coercion and violence. Following the massacre of 1676 (led by William Turner), many Algonquian survivors regrouped with Native communities in other parts of the Northeast or followed a widespread diaspora in pursuit of safety. The chapter turns to how colonists at places like Deerfield, Massachusetts engaged in remembrance of the violences at the falls and nearby “Bloody Brook,” through ephemeral as well as more tangible processes. It accounts for the emergence of heritage organizations like the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, which pursued an extensive place-marking campaign in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Lebanon
Authors: Salameh Franck
Published: May 2018

This chapter features Lebanese authors spanning the period of the “pioneers” of modern Lebanese literature. Kahlil Gibran (1883–1931), Nadia Tuéni (1935–83), Charles Corm (1894–1963), and Anis Freyha (1903–93), whose works spanned the first century of Lebanon's modern history, wrote tirelessly, extolling the glory of ancient Lebanon, recalling the “golden age” of its Phoenician ancestors and the era spanning “classical antiquity,” expressing both hope and concern for the future of a nascent political entity gushing out of a region torn by conflict, irredentism, and resentful nationalisms. Their works reflect elements and profiles of Lebanese life, Lebanese history, and Lebanese landscapes unfolding with both precision and symbolism.
Prophetic Suffering and Black Internationalism
Authors: Dorrien Gary
Published: May 2018

The generation of black social gospel leaders who began their careers in the 1920s assumed the social justice politics and liberal theology of the social gospel from the beginning of their careers. Mordecai Johnson became the leading example by espousing racial justice militancy, Christian socialism, Gandhian revolutionary internationalism, and anti-anti-Communism as the long-time (and long embattled) president of Howard University
Reading Religious Texts
Authors: Abu Zayd Nasr Hamid
Published: May 2018

This chapter considers the problematic aspects of reading the religious texts themselves. It aims to help provide guidelines for the old and yet continuing polemical controversy on the part of those who reject the legitimacy of the slogan “Islam is the Solution,” which is the third approach in dealing with the phenomenon of the Islamic revival. This approach is not a by-product of the Islamist revival or merely a negative response to it: It is an approach that is rooted in modern thought, and the most prominent representatives of it may be the “advocates of enlightenment” who are now known by the name secularists—a name that is sometimes meant to stigmatize them as infidels, atheists, or heretics, with the implication that these people serve foreign interests and are traitors to their countries and to the wider Arab nation.
Introduction: What Is Neot Smadar?
Authors: Glucklich Ariel
Published: May 2018

This chapter introduces Yossef and the community of Neot Smadar to the reader. It looks at his attitude toward mysticism and secularism and examines the boundary between the two in the community today.
The Oasis of Neot Smadar: An Overview
Authors: Glucklich Ariel
Published: May 2018

This chapter surveys the physical environment of the community and also looks at its economics, social organization and system of governance.
The Art of Listening
Authors: Glucklich Ariel
Published: May 2018

The conversation and the dialogue are key to the practice of Self-inquiry. This chapter records and analyzes this discipline. A special emphasis is placed on the spiritual skills associated with listening as a contemplative skill.
The Postwar Pollution Boom
Authors: Langston Nancy
Published: May 2018

For fifty years, paper towns along Lake Superior boomed: Marathon, Terrace Bay, Thunder Bay, Ontonagon, Munising. But the human and environmental costs of intensive pulp production began to emerge soon after World War II. Anishinaabe communities were displaced from forests, suffering intense poverty and social displacement. First Nations communities in Grassy Narrows, Ontario, suffered mercury poisoning from the chlor-alkali plants needed for paper bleaching. Dioxin and PCBs created poison legacies that still confound the region. The paper and pulp industry brought three decades of economic growth that benefited many—but certainly not all—of the people living in the Lake Superior basin. Yet the pollution legacies from that boom era have persisted far longer than the economic benefits.
Climate Change, Contaminants, and the Future of Lake Superior
Authors: Langston Nancy
Published: May 2018

Lake Superior is one of the fastest warming lakes in the world, leading to enormous changes in its ecosystems and human communities. How might changing climates affect the mobilization of contaminants in the Lake Superior basin? How might those contaminants affect resiliency toward climate change? And what can we do about it?
Let That Heart Be English
Authors: Scanlan Padraic X.
Published: May 2018

In 1808, the laws abolishing the British slave trade came fully into force, and Sierra Leone became a Crown Colony, governed directly by a Crown-appointed Governor. The first Crown Governor, Thomas Perronet Thompson, was groomed by William Wilberforce for the post; Thompson was expected to follow the rules – including a tradition of very gradual emancipation through extended ‘apprenticeship’ – set by the Sierra Leone Company. He rebelled, and imagined that the hundreds of former slaves released by the Royal Navy from slave ships could be transformed into soldier-colonists, expanding the British footprint in West Africa.
Epilogue
Authors: Scanlan Padraic X.
Published: May 2018

Cape Coast Castle clung to the edge of West Africa like a barnacle, and like a barnacle it faced the sea, growing inland only enough to be anchored securely. The owners of the Castle, the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa, were interested in African politics only insofar as it might affect the supply of goods and enslaved people and the security of the fort. By 1822, the fort was in precipitous decline. Joseph Dupuis, a British ambassador to Asante, called it a “gangrened member of the empire, from which all communication was cut off, to prevent the contagion from spreading.”...
Introduction
Authors: Ford Eugene
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter reveals the contours of a Buddhist political history in which Southeast Asia's national borders are transcended by connections and perceptions formed among Buddhists of different nationalities, as well as other international protagonists. The monkhood's relations with Washington were based on a mutual keeping up of complementary appearances: that one side was avoiding religion while the other was staying out of politics. Despite appearances, the Buddhist clergy in fact grew more politically internationalized under the U.S. embrace. So, too, was Thai Buddhism growing more religiously internationalized through institutions such as the World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB). It was through involvement in this group, seen by some as a “miniature Asian U.N.,” that Thailand's lay Buddhist leadership contended with the major international Buddhist issues of the day.
Thailand and the International Buddhist Arena, 1956–1962
Authors: Ford Eugene
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses how the international festivals commemorating the 2,500th anniversary of the death of the Buddha accentuated the contradictions of a Southeast Asian Buddhist world that displayed signs of both increasing unity and persisting division. Responding to indicators of growing unity, Washington had by March 1957 formalized a Buddhism policy for influencing Theravada Buddhists as a political collective. Yet the drafters of the policy had also prudently considered that tensions were riven through what might have appeared, to less careful observers, as a well-consolidated Buddhist bloc. The upcoming festivals would showcase to the Americans the potential rewards of a coordinated, region-wide approach to Buddhist diplomacy, drawing on support from ostensibly private partners (the Asia Foundation) to contest advances from communist China.
Making Empire
Authors: Griffin Patrick
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on the family background, childhood, education, and careers of George and Charles Townshend and their role in the making of the British empire. George Townshend was born on February 28, 1724 in London and Charles followed on August 27, 1725 in Essex. Their parents were Charles, third Viscount Townshend, and Etheldreda Harrison, also known as Audrey. The brothers grew up in the Norfolk countryside in Raynham Hall. They both attended the University of Cambridge. In 1747, Charles was elected to Parliament in a constituency controlled by his family and became a member of the Board of Trade. George, on the other hand, joined the army. The chapter also considers Sir Lewis Namier's influence on George and Charles Townshend and how the brothers became involved in British politics, military, and trade. Finally, it discusses the death of the Townshends' younger brother, Roger, and their father.
The Democratic Path
Authors: Burt Robert A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter illustrates the Supreme Court's approach to school desegregation. It argues that the Court changed from a hierarchical institution to a more egalitarian or conversational democratic model that recognized the work of others outside the court system (such as psychologists whose views outlined the unequal feeling of segregated black school children) and largely left enforcement of desegregation to local federal district court judges. Overall, the Court adopted an impressive strategic approach to school desegregation. After acknowledging the democratic deficit for blacks in their exclusion from legislative representation, the chapter proposes that the local federal district courts served as surrogate democratic chambers for whites and blacks to work out their differences peaceably.
Enslaving Criminals
Authors: Burt Robert A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter studies the Supreme Court's jurisprudence on the death penalty. It argues that the death penalty must be abolished and submits that even in this context, where mutual respect can be harder to achieve, judicial interventions should foster deliberations among conflicting parties. The judiciary should not be a hierarchal arbiter of winners and losers that leaves no space for further deliberations. The chapter also draws on scholarship about the similarities between the psychotherapist and the judge in their common obligation to separate personal from public values in their roles. It proceeds to a discussion of the imprisonment of convicted criminals and their treatment as “civilly dead,” and concludes with suggestions to enhance the likelihood of an empathic, mutually respected approach to this vulnerable group.
World Peace on Nationalist Terms
Authors: Kosicki Piotr H.
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on the first major test of Catholic “revolution” in the postwar world: the cause of world peace. This cause created a political space for Catholic-Marxist collaboration, first in Poland, then across the emerging Iron Curtain. In August 1948, the movement that eventually became known as the Partisans of Peace held its first meeting in Wrocław, the largest city of postwar Poland’s formerly German “Recovered Territories.” For four days, Poland welcomed a cast of global cultural and intellectual icons, from Aimé Césaire to Pablo Picasso. At that congress, Catholic socialism found its political footing. This peace activism was not only anti-nuclear, but also anti-colonial, anti-American, and anti-German. It went beyond French Catholic activist André Mandouze’s politics of “progressive Christianity,” cultivating fear of a revanchist Germany. Ethnonational hatred brought together a coalition of intellectuals who guaranteed integralism a postwar career, all while providing political cover for the Soviet Bloc’s transition to Stalinism.
Homo canis
Authors: Pierotti Raymond , Fogg Brandy R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines what it means to be human, a member of the biological species Homo sapiens. Comparing humans to a wide range of primates, it shows that no other species has a similar social structure, with social groups of varying sizes built around nuclear families. Moreover, it explores how these traits may have been shaped by humans' shared experience with Canis lupus. Humans are indeed unique, but their adaptations emerge from a set of unusual events, and a considerable amount of the history of modern human evolution seems to be influenced by their association with wolves and their dog descendants. The chapter then demonstrates how modern attitudes toward predators result from religious traditions rather than scientific understanding.
Wolves and Coyotes
Authors: Pierotti Raymond , Fogg Brandy R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on an intriguing aspect of the relationship of humans with wolves in North America and parts of eastern Siberia—that wolves are considered “creator” figures, suggesting that they played an important role in the way humans conceived of themselves as they adapted to new environmental conditions. Thus, wolves could function as both teacher and creator to peoples who were willing to respect wolves as hunters and pay attention to the examples they set. A related trope, often confused with the creator figure, is the idea of smaller canids such as coyotes and foxes as “trickster” figures. The chapter then addresses why tricksters among many American tribes are scavengers and omnivores, for example, coyotes and ravens, occupying an ecological mediating position between herbivores and carnivores and “in between” in terms of subsistence strategies.
The Process of Domestication
Authors: Pierotti Raymond , Fogg Brandy R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the history of the process of domestication conceptually and considers the meaning of the terms domestic, wild, and tame and how the concept of feral fits within this framework. It explores differences among traits in generating phenotypes, including the classic Russian studies on fox behavior and morphology. Domestic dogs are not a natural grouping because they involve multiple lineages (polyphyly) that have undergone extensive interbreeding among lines (reticulate evolution), which reduces clarity concerning traits that might be used to identify dogs as a species. Evidence of polyphyletic origins is also found in other domesticated animals, especially cats, cattle, and pigs. Differences between what it means for an animal to be tame versus domesticated reveals that these concepts are regularly confused and conflated in the popular literature, even by scientists.
Living Well with Wolves and Dogs
Authors: Pierotti Raymond , Fogg Brandy R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the bonds and relationships that exist between humans and different types of canids. A crucial point is that the social bond between humans and wolves that changed into domestic dogs is the source of both major pleasures and major conflicts between humans and their canid companions. Large domestic dogs have the anatomy of serious predators combined with a confidence in their interactions with humans that can lead to aggression and grave conflict. In contrast, wolves and high-percentage crosses between wolves and dogs tend to be timid, retreating when faced with unfamiliar humans. The chapter then addresses the “danger” presented by various breeds, including wolves and wolf-dogs, and challenges a number of points of received thinking, including the notion of the equivalency of “wild” and “dangerous.” A major aspect of the “danger” from a canid is associated with size above all else, which is to be expected in dealing with large predatory animals.
Augustus and the Roman Empire
Authors: Wheeler-Reed David
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on the ideology of Augustus with respect to his marriage legislation and the illusion it created of a values crisis in ancient Rome. It also examines the writings of Musonius Rufus, Galen, and Achilles Tatius’s novel Leucippe and Clitophon. It concludes that procreation was the reigning ideological state apparatus in the Roman Empire, and that Augustus’s marriage legislation is still affecting our sexual ethics in the modern world.
History as Liberation
Authors: Myers David N.
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on a recurrent tendency of modern Jewish historians to use their research as a tool of liberation. The first circles of scholars discussed in this chapter employed history to free themselves and their contemporaries from ossified religious traditions. The chapter begins by examining two Christian authors, Jacques Basnage and Hannah Adams, for whom history was a tool to promote their supersessionist vision. Meanwhile, Jewish scholars such as Leopold Zunz, Peter Beer, and Abraham Geiger used history as a lever to unhinge a modern notion of Judaism from excessive dependence on older Jewish and Christian models. A succeeding generation of historians made use of history to liberate Jews of their day from assimilationist biases against Jewish nationalism. The final pair of historians mentioned, Gerda Lerner and Paula Hyman, used history as an instrument in their struggle to liberate women, from both patriarchal subordination and historiographical neglect.
A Strategic Orientation toward Entrepreneurship: Implications for Pallet Manufacturer Performance
Authors: Elser Nathaniel C. , Michael Judd H.
Published: May 2018

Leaders in the wood pallet industry have faced numerous trends over the past few decades that have challenged their ability to maintain success without adopting new business models and innovations. Past literature would predict that industry managers who instill entrepreneurial processes such as innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness into their operations should be better equipped to identify, positively react to, and take advantage of changing environmental conditions. Firms that emphasize such processes are described as being strategically orientated toward entrepreneurship. The objective of this study was to determine whether pallet manufacturing firms that exhibit entrepreneurial processes are more successful than those that do not. As an example of how an entrepreneurial orientation might influence business operations, this study also analyzed revenue-generating methods of managing wood waste. Data for the study were collected from executives of North American pallet manufacturers. Findings suggest pallet firms that continually work to improve their products and services, frequently make decisions that involve risk, and proactively seek out new opportunities have higher performance than firms that do not. Furthermore, manufacturing firms that monetize waste products exhibit greater proclivity for entrepreneurial processes than firms that pay to dispose of or give away wood waste. Results are discussed and potential implications for managers in the industry are provided.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites Containing Cellulose Nanofibers Added to Wood Flour
Authors: Murayama Kazushige , Yamamoto Momoka , Kobori Hikaru , Kojima Yoichi , Suzuki Shigehiko , Aoki Kenji , Ito Hirokazu , Ogoe Shinji , Okamoto Masaki
Published: May 2018

Recently, the usage of wood–plastic composite (WPC) products has increased, mainly for exterior decking. The shape of fillers is one of the important factors deciding the mechanical and physical properties of WPCs. Surface-fibrillated wood flour (WF) improves the mechanical properties of WPCs, although it requires a lot of energy and time to produce the fibrous structure during the pulverization process. Therefore, the adsorptive interaction between cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and WF by hydrogen bonding was investigated. We considered that CNF could form the fibrous structures on the WF surface by mixing CNF and WF. Also, it is thought that the addition of CNF could increase mechanical and physical properties of WPC because CNF has better physical and mechanical properties than most other fibers. The objective of this study was to produce WF-CNF fillers and to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of WPCs containing WF-CNF fillers. WF-CNF fillers could be produced by freeze-drying after mixing WF, CNF, and water. The fibrous structures on the WF surface were observed through scanning electron microscope images of WF-CNF filler containing 3 weight percent CNF. A WPC with WF-CNF filler containing 22 percent (by weight) WF and 3 percent (by weight) CNF showed improved mechanical properties compared with WPCs without CNF. The water absorption of WPCs containing CNF was found to decrease with increasing CNF content.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Limonite as a Weathering Product of Ilvaite in the Yeshan Iron Deposit, Tongling, China
Authors: Chen Ping , Chen Tianhu , Xie Qiaoqin , Xu Liang , Liu Haibo , Zhou Yuefei
Published: May 2018

Limonite is mainly derived from weathering of Fe sulfide, iron-bearing carbonate, or silicate minerals. The weathering of Fe sulfide or carbonate minerals to yield limonite from the Tongling mineralization cluster has been studied extensively. Knowledge of the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the limonite from weathering of Fe-bearing silicate minerals is still incomplete, however. To address this, black limonite containing ilvaite (a silicate mineral) found in Yeshan iron deposit, Tongling, China, was studied using mineralogical and chemical analysis. The mineralogical characteristics indicated that Mn goethite was present as nano-granular (<15 nm) or acicular (50–100 nm long, ~10 nm wide, i.e. high length/width ratio) crystals with low crystallinity. Groutite, ramsdellite, and pyrolusite were identified in the limonite as ~5 nm nanoparticles, and coated on the goethite surface. Amorphous Fe-Mn phases and silica were highly developed in the limonite studied. Ilvaite crystals showed idiomorphic granular morphology and were replaced by Fe-Mn oxides/hydroxides; pyrite was also present as inclusions within the ilvaite and the ilvaite structural formula calculated was Ca1.04(Fe1.57Mn0.31Mg0.04)(Fe1.09Al0.01)[Si1.95O]O(OH). According to the relatively high CuO and ZnO values and the low Al2O3 value in the black limonite, the negative correlations between (Fe2O3+MnO) and (CuO+ZnO+BaO), (Fe2O3+MnO) and Al2O3, high Mn and Si contents, and the characteristics of the textural relationships and compositions between the black limonite and ilvaite, a semi-enclosed environment with acidic to weakly alkaline conditions was deduced; ilvaite was found to be responsible for the formation and enrichment of limonite.
Features of the microblog and its role in the formation of a green public sphere in China: The case of 2015 Tianjin Explosions
Authors: Wang Lei
Published: May 2018

This article tries to take the case of the Tianjin explosions, which happened in 2015, as an example to address two questions. First, what are the features of the online microblog, as distinct from traditional media, in the context of contemporary China? Second, what is the role of new media (represented by the microblog), in forming the green public sphere in China? In the case of the Tianjin explosions, the first report was from a microblogger, minutes after the explosions. However, the traditional media did not report any news of the fire until four hours later, and subsequent related news was greatly regulated and manufactured by the central controlling agency. This delayed response and continued diversion of the incident invoked outrage among the public, who were kept updated by active microbloggers. From this brief research, it can be concluded that as netizen numbers grow and more agencies are added to netizens’ voices, the microblog obviously has become the indispensable new media platform in China, although it is still dismissed as an unreliable and valueless source by government officials. It indeed contributes to the formation of the green public sphere somehow, but the development of the green public sphere in China is still in its infancy.
Journalism as a field of discursive production – performativity, form and style
Authors: Mateus Samuel
Published: May 2018

By focusing on the emergence and development of journalistic conventions and professional routines it is possible to understand the prominent role of journalism in the social construction of meaning. In this article, we theoretically examine journalism as a special field of discursive production. The field of journalism presents more than the facts it gathers and reports. The institutionalized retelling of events is a very distinct way to put meaning on them. We suggest journalism is a historically and culturally bounded discourse whose performative nature is at the core of its moral authority and social credibility. In addition, the performative discourse of journalism invites us to extend the concept to include, for example, the conventions of style and form. The historical transformations journalism took may, thus, be looked at as efforts in the battle for performative discourse involved in the process of a mimetic (re)construction of the social world.
Nationality and gender stereotypes in the San Fermín festival: Cross-sectional age differences in the interpretation of TV news
Authors: Roca-Cuberes Carles , Ventura Rafael , Gómez-Puertas Lorena
Published: May 2018

The media employ a shared cultural knowledge between sender and receiver to build media representations effectively. These representations, apparently innocuous, shape the audience’s perception and appraisal of the Other, which is constructed as an opposition to the Self. In our research, we draw attention to a Spanish television news story that describes the increase of foreign participants at the San Fermín running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain, and also highlights the still minority participation by women. Through data from focus group discussions, we investigate age differences in the interpretation of gender and nationality stereotypes to examine how the media construction of this news story generates an intersectional othering. In our investigation, this othering process places women and foreigners outside the norm of this social identity built around the running of the bulls. Our research also identifies a significant generation gap in audience interpretation of the news story.
Thrombotic events in myeloproliferative neoplasms could "Medical Nutrition Therapy" have an additional but important role?
Authors: Pósfai Éva
Published: May 2018

Polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients are characterized by an increased incidence of arterial and venous thromboses. To prevent vascular events is one of the most important challenges in the disease management, as thrombosis could be responsible for the morbidity and mortality in many cases. Since thrombosis can be an early complication of MPNs, an effective antithrombotic strategy has to be started as soon as the disease is diagnosed. Beside the use of appropriate medical therapies and preventive measures against cardiovascular risk factors, a healthy lifestyle may also have importance in MPNs, as it has already been accepted in the general population. However, it has not been accepted yet in the treatment of neoplasms, according to the general notion, thrombosis is "caused" by the disease rather than by the interplay of various factors. The relation between the disease and the thrombotic events is indisputable, though the role of the neoplasm accompanied by other diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, or unhealthy life style, obesity, and smoking should be mentioned as addictive factors in case of myeloproliferative neoplasms thus increasing the susceptibility to developing a thrombosis. In this short communication, according to relevant medical literature, the author describes her concerns if cardiovascular diseases may be prevented by eliminating modifiable risk factors, and following a healthy diet, healthy life style and controlling body weight, and whether it may have an important benefit in the successful management of MPN patients. Should we apply the “medical nutrition therapy” consciously in the most appropriate and effective antithrombotic strategy?
The rules for the Cash Flow Statement in the International Financial Reporting Standard
Authors: Türkössy Anikó
Published: May 2018

Cash flow statement may provide considerable information about what is really happening in a business beyond that contained in either the income statement or the balance sheet. Analyzing this statement should not present an intimidating task; instead it will quickly become obvious that the benefits of understanding the sources and uses of a company’s cash far outweigh the costs of undertaking some very straightforward analyses. The objective of IAS 7 is to require the presentation of information about the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of an entity by means of a statement of cash flows, which classifies cash flows during the period according to operating, investing, and financing activities.
Some aspect of consumers' habit by fermented milk products
Authors: Vincze-Lendvai Edina , Csanádi József
Published: May 2018

In our modern word everybody rush and has not got enough time for him/herself. The role of the nutrition has changed. It does not mean the quiet action, it means a snatching. So people like foods which not only beguile hunger, but save the health. The functional food looks like this meal. In our work we used questionnaire, and then we analysed the habits of the consumers related to the fermented milk products. Moreover, we made structured interview with 3 experts.