bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernization of African Food Retailing and (Un)healthy Food Consumption
Authors: Khonje Makaiko G. , Qaim Matin
Published: August 2019

Food environments in Africa are changing rapidly, with modern retailers—such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, and fast-food restaurants—gaining in importance. Changing food environments can influence consumers’ food choices and dietary patterns. Recent research has suggested that the growth of supermarkets leads to more consumption of processed foods, less healthy diets, and rising obesity. However, relatively little is known about what type of consumers actually use modern supermarkets and to what extent. Moreover, focusing only on supermarkets may be misleading, as most consumers obtain their food from various modern and traditional retailers. We add to the literature by examining relationships between consumers’ socioeconomic status, use of different modern and traditional retailers, and dietary patterns. The analysis uses household survey data from urban Zambia. Results show that two-thirds of the households use modern and traditional retailers simultaneously, but that richer households are more likely than poorer ones to use supermarkets and hypermarkets. Use of modern retailers is positively associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, after also controlling for income and other socioeconomic factors. However, the use of traditional stores and kiosks is also positively associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods, suggesting that modern retailers are not the only drivers of dietary transitions.
Exploring Organizational Sustainability: Themes, Functional Areas, and Best Practices
Authors: Nawaz Waqas , Koç Muammer
Published: August 2019

Most of the sustainability management models proposed in the literature are based on conceptual designs, which limits their potential to be applied in practice. In order to develop a holistic tool for organizational sustainability management, it is imperative to account for, and integrate, the sustainability best practices in the conceptual models. The primary objective of this work is to explore the organizational sustainability themes, functional areas, and the corresponding best practices of the most sustainable organizations. Based on the results, we aim to propose a framework which can support the theoretical models. The starting set of 100 most sustainable organizations is obtained through a well-defined sustainability ranking, Global 100. A systematic method is developed and applied to screen the organizational reports between 2012 and 2016. As a result, 61 reports of 20 organizations are selected for review. We used grounded mechanism to conduct the review. The results of the review indicate that the most sustainable organizations rely on the following nine themes to advance their sustainability performance: (i) resource optimization and minimization of waste and emissions; (ii) business and operational excellence; (iii) corporate citizenship and social development; (iv) research and innovation; (v) procurement, supply chain, and logistics; (vi) governance; (vii) sustainability management tools; (viii) employee relations; and (ix) health, wellness, safety, and security. In addition, there are around 38 functional areas which are of great significance to sustainability managers from an applied perspective and to researchers for constructing sustainability management models.
Microservices and Machine Learning Algorithms for Adaptive Green Buildings
Authors: Rodríguez-Gracia Diego , Piedra-Fernández José A. , Iribarne Luis , Criado Javier , Ayala Rosa , Alonso-Montesinos Joaquín , Maria de las Mercedes Capobianco-Uriarte
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the use of services for Open Systems development has consolidated and strengthened. Advances in the Service Science and Engineering (SSE) community, promoted by the reinforcement of Web Services and Semantic Web technologies and the presence of new Cloud computing techniques, such as the proliferation of microservices solutions, have allowed software architects to experiment and develop new ways of building open and adaptable computer systems at runtime. Home automation, intelligent buildings, robotics, graphical user interfaces are some of the social atmosphere environments suitable in which to apply certain innovative trends. This paper presents a schema for the adaptation of Dynamic Computer Systems (DCS) using interdisciplinary techniques on model-driven engineering, service engineering and soft computing. The proposal manages an orchestrated microservices schema for adapting component-based software architectural systems at runtime. This schema has been developed as a three-layer adaptive transformation process that is supported on a rule-based decision-making service implemented by means of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The experimental development was implemented in the Solar Energy Research Center (CIESOL) applying the proposed microservices schema for adapting home architectural atmosphere systems on Green Buildings.
Damage Characteristics Analysis of the Truncated Cone-Shaped PELE Projectile
Authors: Ding Liangliang , Zhou Jingyuan , Tang Wenhui , Ran Xianwen
Published: August 2019

The PELE (penetrator with enhanced lateral efficiency) projectile is a new type of penetrator, which has both penetration and fragmentation effects. The damage characteristics of the PELE projectile have never been studied from the perspective of changing the shape of the projectile structure until now. This paper hopes to improve the damage power by changing the structural shape of PELE projectile, and the concept of a truncated cone-shaped PELE projectile is first put forward. In order to compare and analyze the damage power of the truncated cone-shaped PELE projectile and the conventional PELE projectile, six sets of simulation conditions were designed, and the penetration ability and fragmentation effect were used as the main evaluation indicators. According to the known structural parameters of the PELE projectile, the range of angle α of the truncated cone-shaped PELE projectile was determined to be 86.2°–90°. In addition, there is little difference in penetration ability between the two different types of PELE projectile; the damage effect of the truncated cone-shaped PELE projectile on the after-effect target is better than that of the conventional PELE projectile. It is hoped that through further structural optimization, the truncated cone-shaped PELE projectile will have more extensive engineering application value.
Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Uptake, Assimilation, Depuration, and Transformation in the Southeast Asian Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna viridis)
Authors: Andres John Kristoffer , Yñiguez Aletta T. , Maister Jennifer Mary , Turner Andrew D. , Olano Dave Eldon B. , Mendoza Jenelyn , Salvador-Reyes Lilibeth , Azanza Rhodora V.
Published: August 2019

Bivalve molluscs represent an important food source within the Philippines, but the health of seafood consumers is compromised through the accumulation of harmful algal toxins in edible shellfish tissues. In order to assess the dynamics of toxin risk in shellfish, this study investigated the uptake, depuration, assimilation, and analogue changes of paralytic shellfish toxins in Perna viridis. Tank experiments were conducted where mussels were fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Water and shellfish were sampled over a six day period to determine toxin concentrations in the shellfish meat and water, as well as algal cell densities. The maximum summed toxin concentration determined was 367 µg STX eq./100 g shellfish tissue, more than six times higher than the regulatory action limit in the Philippines. Several uptake and depuration cycles were observed during the study, with the first observed within the first 24 h coinciding with high algal cell densities. Toxin burdens were assessed within different parts of the shellfish tissue, with the highest levels quantified in the mantle during the first 18 h period but shifting towards the gut thereafter. A comparison of toxin profile data evidenced the conversion of GTX1,4 in the source algae to the less potent GTX2,3 in the shellfish tissue. Overall, the study illustrated the temporal variability in Perna viridis toxin concentrations during a modelled algal bloom event, and the accumulation of toxin from the water even after toxic algae were removed.
Dynamical Stability of Bulk Viscous Isotropic and Homogeneous Universe
Authors: Sharif Muhammad , Ama-Tul-Mughani Qanitah
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the phase space portrait of homogeneous and isotropic universe by taking different coupling functions between dark energy models and bulk viscous dark matter. The dimensionless quantities are introduced to establish an autonomous set of equations. To analyze the stability of the cosmos, we evaluate critical points and respective eigenvalues for different dynamical quantities. For bulk viscous matter and radiation in tachyon coupled field, these points show stable evolution when γ ≫ δ but accelerated expansion of the universe for δ > 1 9 . The stability of the universe increases for some stationary points which may correspond to the late-time expansion for the coupled phantom field.
The Development and Use of Reporter Influenza B Viruses
Authors: Dumm Rebekah , Heaton Nicholas
Published: August 2019

Influenza B viruses (IBVs) are major contributors to total human influenza disease, responsible for ~1/3 of all infections. These viruses, however, are relatively less studied than the related influenza A viruses (IAVs). While it has historically been assumed that the viral biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis for all influenza viruses were highly similar, studies have shown that IBVs possess unique characteristics. Relative to IAV, IBV encodes distinct viral proteins, displays a different mutational rate, has unique patterns of tropism, and elicits different immune responses. More work is therefore required to define the mechanisms of IBV pathogenesis. One valuable approach to characterize mechanisms of microbial disease is the use of genetically modified pathogens that harbor exogenous reporter genes. Over the last few years, IBV reporter viruses have been developed and used to provide new insights into the host response to infection, viral spread, and the testing of antiviral therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight the history and study of IBVs with particular emphasis on the use of genetically modified viruses and discuss some remaining gaps in knowledge that can be addressed using reporter expressing IBVs.
Application of NSGA-II and Improved Risk Decision Method for Integrated Water Resources Management of Malian River Basin
Authors: Gao Yayu , Zhang Xinmin , Zhang Xiaoyou , Li Duan , Yang Min , Tian Jinhua
Published: August 2019

The Malian River Basin is the Longdong grain elevator and a new oil and energy base of East Gansu Province. Limited water resources programming utilization is a key for the development of the socio-economic and energy industry, as well as the improvement of the ecological environment. An analytical framework for assessing socioeconomic development, rational allocation of water resources, and guiding policy development is proposed in this study. A decision tree method was used in the risk analysis and was improved by introducing the expert advisory probabilistic method into the sensitivity analysis to reduce cognitive bias. A large-system multi-objective model was developed to solve the problem of the rational allocation of available water resources and for benefit maximization among water users. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) method was used to generate a solution. The water supply amount within the basin was 8.69 × 108 m3 and the water shortage rate was 15.90%. The optimization model method had better distribution results than the weights method without new water supply. Through the model method results, the water saving potential was found and the related policies were proposed. The framework and methods can further provide a reference for both the planning of water resources and the formulation of regulatory policies and will greatly alleviate water crises in semi-arid areas.
PEMBERDAYAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI SEBAGAI SUATU MODEL EVANGELISASI DALAM KONTEKS INDONESIA
Authors: Wilhelmus Ola Rongan
Published: August 2019

Upaya evangelisasi pada saat ini perlu diindentikan dengan upaya melawan arus besar zaman. Gelombang kapitalisme yang sedang menyusup masuk hampir ke semua bidang kehidupan dan imbasnya ialah semakin meningkatnya angka kerniskinan dan kemelaratan. Boleh dibilang, zaman ini adalah zamannya kapitalime dan masa suram kaum kecil, miskin, dan papa. Essensi keberadaan dan kehadiran agama-agama termasuk Gereja Katolik adalah memperjuangkan nasib dan hal hidup kaum miskin yang semakin bergantung pada kemurahan dan kebaikan kaum kapitalis. Tulisan ini memberi kontribusi khas bagaimana pemberdayaan sosial ekonomi masyarakat kecil menjadi bentuk hidup dan membebaskan mereka dari ketergantungan pada kaum kapitalis, elit politik dan pengusaha besar, evangelisasi yang berpihak kepada kaum miskin papa dengan maksud meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup. Bagaimana mereka dituntun untuk berdaya dan menemukan sendiri apa yang mereka idam-idamkan tanpa harus bergantung kepada kaum kapitalis dan elit politik.
ALLAH YANG MENJAGA, ADIL DAN SENANTIASA MEMPERBARUI SEGALA SESUATU: REFLEKSI ATAS KITAB WAHYU DI TENGAH SITUASI RUNTUHNYA KEADABAN PUBLIK
Authors: Gaudiawan Antonius Virdei Eresto
Published: August 2019

Penderitaan yang dialami masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya umat beriman, adalah runtuhnya keadaban publik. Ini mengakibatkan mereka sekaligus menjadi korban dan juga menjadi penyebab runtuhnya keadaban publik. Belajar dari Kitab Wahyu, direfleksikan bahwa Allah menjaga, adil dan senantiasa memperbarui segala sesuatu demi hadirnya Kerajaan Allah kini sampai kepenuhannya kelak. Oleh karena itu, setiap umat beriman, di tengah situasi derita yang dia alami sebagai akibat dari runtuhnya keadaban publik perlu membangun pengharapan dan pertobatan sehingga terjadi pembaharuan terus menerus demi pembangunan keadaban publik.
The role of zinc deficiency in endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Rashid Sherzad Kh , Alhosin Mahmoud
Published: August 2019

Endothelial dysfunction is the key element for developing cardiovascular disease. The crucial role of endothelium mandate searching for possible reversible causes of its dysfunction. Zinc is one of trace elements and essential micronutrients and enters in the component of more than 300 metalloenzymes which have roles in the degradation of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, Zinc exerts antioxidant properties through different mechanisms including the induction of potent antioxidant metallothionein. The zinc supplementation can prevent endothelial dysfunction via several mechanisms such as the inhibition of the increase in NF-κB-induced inflammatory markers, the induction of an increase in eNOS expression levels and NO availability, the activation of PPAR receptor and the inhibition of TNFα activation-induced apoptosis. Thus, screening for zinc deficiency in general population especially, people with chronic diseases and with nutritional problems is highly recommended. This review describes the role of zinc deficiency in endothelial dysfunction.
Penggunaan Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an dalam Ritual Rebo Wekasan Studi Living Qur’an di Desa Sukoreno Kec. Kalisat Kab. Jember
Authors: Rohmah Umi Nuriyatur
Published: August 2019

This article highlights about using Qur‟anic verses in the society‟s ritual called Rebo Wekasan in Sukoreno. Rebo Wekasan is the annual ritual that celebrated by Sukreno‟s people. This ritual is celebrated on the last Wednesday of Shafar. This ritual aims refusing the unlucky things that believed sent down on that day. This ritual usings some Qur‟anic verses, when praying tola‟ bala‟ and making the holy water. This article focuses on practicing and meaning of using Qur‟anic verses in Rebo Wekasan. This article used descriptive qualitative methods with etnograph‟s approach using Karl Manheim‟s sociology of science theory. This articles shows that there are some surahs and verses of Qur‟an that used in Rebo Wekasan when praying tala‟ bala‟, i.e.: Surah al-Kausar, al-Ikhlas}, al-Falaq, and al-Nas. When making the holy water the verses that used are Yasin verse 58, al-S{affat verse 130 – 131, al-Zumar verse 73, al-Ra‟d verse 24, and al-Qadr verse 5. Based on Mannheim‟s theory,There are three meanings of using the Qur‟anic verses in this ritual, those are; objective as a tradition, expressive as refusing unlucky things (bala‟), and documenter as a culture
MEMASYARATKAN SHOLAWAT NARIYAH DI BUMI NUSANTARA
Authors: Holidi Ahmad Farhan , Surur Miftahus
Published: August 2019

The tradition of reading the Nariyah prayer individually and in congregation has taken root in the midst of the community especially in Situbondo district, in every corner of the city and remote villages even though every day is not empty from reciting the 4444 shalawat nariyah individually and in congregation, so that Situbondo district is the term "BUMI SHALAWAT NARIYAH". At first Jam'iyah this prayer was commanded by KH Ahmad Sufyan Miftahul Arifin (Situbondo) and KH Muhammed bin Imam Gunungsari (Madura) then continued by his students both namely KHR Moh Kholil As'ad Syamsul Arifin he was the son of KH As' ad the mediator in the formation of Jam'iyah Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) as well as the Indonesian National hero. And today the recitation of the Nariyah prayer has spread widely in various regions, in East Java, Bali, Kalimantan, DKI Jakarta, DIY Yogyakarta to foreign countries such as Malaysia and Singapore all thanks to the help of Allah SWT with the hope that Allah will flow to us all drop by drop from the ocean of God's grace which was bestowed upon the Prophet Muhammad.
Amygdala Psychotherapy; antidote to Positive Psychologý
Authors: WengLok Chan Dr. Edward
Published: August 2019

The Asia Pacific Rim International Counseling & Psychotherapy Conference 2013 (CounselingMalaysia.com), held in Kuching, Sarawak August 14th to 17th 2013 saw the sharing of academic presentation platform between American psychogists and scholars such as Professor Allen Allen E. Ivey, EdD, ABPP Distinguished University Professor (Emeritus) University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Courtesy Professor, University of South Florida and Professor Mary Bradford Ivey, Professor at University of South Florida; and Malaysian psychologists and scholars such as Dr. Edward WengLok Chan, D.Phil., M.Sc., BA (Psy), FMAPsy, FMCBTA, president of the Malaysian Association of Psychotherapy (MalaysianPsychotherapy.net) and principal consultant psychologist of the International Psychology Centre (MalaysiaPsychology.com) all keynote presenters at the conference as well as other Malaysian scholars such as associate professor Azahar Che Latiff, assiociate professor of Counseling, University Sabah Malaysia who also presented at the conference. The conference was attended by over 300 psychologists, counselors and scholars from USA, Malaysia as well as from other parts of the world.
Using the sandtray as an expressive arts intervention with adult clients
Authors: Garrett Marta
Published: August 2019

When counselors and therapists think of using the sandtray as a counseling intervention, they often think sandtray work only as a play-therapy intervention for children (Hunter, 1998). However, over the last several decades, sandtrays have been included in counseling adolescents and adults more and more frequently (Homeyer & Sweeney, 2011). When sandtrays are used from a Jungian perspective, this work is often referred to as “sandplay” but today, sandtray work with adults from a variety of theoretical perspectives is growing in popularity (Boik & Godwin, 2000; DeDomenico, 1995). This article discusses the use of the sandtray as an expressive intervention with adult therapy clients acknowledging there are many theoretical options available to the therapist and outlines how sandtray work (ST) is uniquely suited for a variety of adult counseling populations from diverse cultures and ethnic backgrounds.
The Music Therapist: Creative Arts Therapist and Contemporary Shaman
Authors: Moreno Joseph
Published: August 2019

While much of contemporary psychotherapy practice often focuses primarily on verbal exchange between therapists and clients, it is important to recognize that verbal expression is just one mode of expression, and not necessarily the deepest or most profound. Many clients in therapy may be more comfortable in expressing themselves in other ways through the modes of music, art, dance and psychodrama.

The sources of the arts in healing extend back for many thousands of years and their modern expression through the creative arts therapies are now widely utilized in the mainstream of modern psychotherapy. Traditional healing practices are still widely practiced in many indigenous cultures around the world today and an appreciation of these practices can deeply enrich our understanding of the essential role of the arts in human expression.

The aim of this paper is to consider the roots of the arts therapies and really all of psychotherapy, going as far back as pre-historic evidence, followed by an overview of living indigenous healing practices in such settings as Bushman culture in Namibia, Native American Indian culture, as well as in Kenya, Bali, Malaysia, Mongolia and more.
The Influence of Different Music Genres on Task Performances of Employees
Authors: Chun Lim Lee
Published: August 2019

Across a team or an entire organization, the key performance factors like increased productivity, minimal error, high morale, positive atmosphere and good customer service are always the major ingredients contributing towards employees’ overall task performances, which will then lead to an inspiring business growth. Music has a profound effect on human behavior. It creates ambience, changes mood, influences behavior, evokes emotions and builds pleasant personality among employees. This study attempts to shed light on the correlation between specific genre music with mood, concentration and work efficiency. It aims to see whether popular music or calm music aids in employees’ task performance better than Mozart music. In Camy Bookland (a bookshop that sells children’s books, educational toys and stationery), two participants are exposed to said set of music while they are working. They are required to self-assess their work performance and behavioral response (in terms of State Positive Affect, Quality of Work and Time Spent On Task) by filling up the questionnaire. Findings showed the participants perform significantly better in the presence of Mozart music as compared to Pop music and Calm music. Mozart music helps regulate mood and increases quality of work as it evokes a pleasant mood and an increases arousal state. Comparatively, Mozart music provides a 'controlled distraction', which is helpful to the employees in speeding up work. It prompts to force brain into gear and hence prevents the mind from “wandering off”. However, music isn’t beneficial for the employees in every situation. Sometimes it can divert some of the mental resources away from the novel task (especially a cognitively demanding task) at hand. Therefore, a decent music selection is very important in determining whether it hampers the job performance or bolsters the productivity.
Toward Developing a Conceptual Framework to explain Positive Thinking Based on Islamic View
Authors: Kodayarifard Mohammad , GhobariBonab Bagher , Akbari ZardKhaneh Saeed , Zamanpour Enayatollah , Zandi Saeid , Derakhshan Mariam
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present study was to critically review theories and approaches related to positive thinking and to develop a theoretical model based on Islamic view, which is compatible with cultural values in Iran. To fulfill the stated aim, philosophical and historical foundations of positive thinking in different schools of thought including Leibnitz, Sadra, Kant, Freud and James were critically reviewed. In addition, the theoretical constructs associated with positive thinking including hope, positive automatic thoughts and paradigms of Seligman, Scheier and Carver in this regard were critically studied. Finally, based on the attachment theory of Bowlby, positive thinking was established on and its applications were explained for individuals' thinking styles about past events, present interpretations of events and future expectations. Since the attachment theory is a relational theory, positive thinking in this paradigm was discussed in a way that included individuals' relationship with transcendental being, others, nature, and the self.
Apakah ketaatan aturan akuntansi akan mengurangi kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi?
Authors: Septiani Reni , Diansari Rani Eka
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of internal control, information asymmetry, and compliance with accounting rules on the tendency of accounting fraud in OPD of Yogyakarta City. This is a quantitative research with purposive sampling technique. The sample was all of OPD in Yogyakarta City. The data were collected by using questionnaires in OPD of Yogyakarta City. The data was analized by the multiple regression method. The results of the study show that internal control and information asymmetry have no significant effects on the tendency of accounting fraud in OPD of Yogyakarta City. The compliance with accounting rules have significant effects on the tendency of accounting fraud in OPD of Yogyakarta City.
Do female commissioners have higher social responsibility? Research in manufacturing companies in Indonesia
Authors: Fahmi Nuria , Adhivina Vitta
Published: August 2019

This study aims to test the slack resources and feminism of the board on the quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure. The population of this study is all companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the 2014-2016 period. The data are collected by using the official IDX website. From this research, there were 539 companies listed in 2016, 525 companies listed in 2015 and 498 companies listed in 2014. This research consists of 75 companies that published a sustainability report. The purposive sampling technique used for selecting the sample. The results of this study found that the slack resources and the feminism of the director has no significant effect on the quality of CSR disclosure while the feminism of commissioners has a negative impact on the quality of CSR disclosure.
Caracterización en salud oral y hábitos de higiene oral en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Muñoz López Eliana E. , Restrepo César Augusto , Chacón Jose Arnoby
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: determinar el estado de salud oral de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica atendidos en un centro de terapia renal y su relación con marcadores nutricionales, inflamatorios y dosis de eritropoyetina.

Pacientes: todos los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica atendidos en RTS sucursal Caldas en programas predialítico, postrasplante renal, hemodiálisis y diálisis peritoneal, con más de tres meses ininterrumpidos de asistencia en uno de esos programas, haber aceptado su participación en el estudio, contar con los paraclínicos necesarios para el estudio y registro de dosis administrada de eritropoyetina.

Métodos: trescientos treinta y seis pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión: 24 (7%) en prediálisis, 164 (49%) en hemodiálisis, 114 (34%) en diálisis peritoneal y 34 (10%) en postrasplante renal. Se establecieron los datos demográficos y se evaluaron los índices de placa (higiene oral), salud periodontal, experiencia en caries COP-D (cariados, obturados, perdidos – diente), y diagnóstico estomatológico. También resultados de exámenes paraclínicos indicadores de estado inflamatorio tales como albúmina, ferritina y porcentaje de saturación de transferrina, además la dosis administrada de eritropoyetina.

Resultados: la población de pacientes en prediálisis y postrasplante renal no arrojó datos suficientes para ser incluida en el análisis estadístico. De los pacientes en diálisis 63% presentaban buena higiene oral, 33% regular, y sólo 3% tenían mala higiene oral, a pesar de ello la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal fue alta afectando a 75% de los pacientes llegándose a presentar gingivitis severa en 35-38% de los pacientes. Por el índice COP-D se observó que la prevalencia en caries fue alta. Por lo disperso de los resultados de laboratorio de marcadores inflamatorios no fue posible determinar correlación alguna entre ellos y salud periodontal o dosis de eritropoyetina.

Conclusiones: la higiene oral de los pacientes en diálisis es satisfactoria, pero a pesar de ello presentan alta prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal y caries, ello sugiere que factores relacionados con el medio urémico, modificaciones en el PH y flujo salival favorecen su aparición. La evaluación de estos parámetros en estudios posteriores podría ofrecer resultados más concluyentes, al igual que la utilización de marcadores inflamatorios más sensibles. La evaluación precoz de todos los pacientes con ERC por odontología es prioritaria para evitar la aparición de enfermedad periodontal
Hubungan Obesitas Pada Orangtua Dengan Terjadinya Obesitas Pada Anak Remaja SMA Di Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali
Authors: Gozali Theodorus Onesiforus , Saraswati Made Ratna
Published: August 2019

Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan melakukan pencarian prevalensi obesitas orangtua, anak, serta hubungan obesitas orangtua terhadap obesitas anak remaja sekolah menengah atas (SMA) di Denpasar tahun 2015.

Metode: Penelitian observasional ini memiliki rancangan studi potong lintang dengan melakukan pengambilan data anak sekolah menengah atas dibeberapa sekolah di Denpasar. Secara acak dipilih sampel yang dapat mewakili Denpasar. Kuesioner dibagikan dan diminta untuk diisi oleh siswa-siswi. Dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, lingkar pinggang, maupun lingkar lengan atas. Pengukuran dilakukan pada siswa-siswi maupun kedua orangtuanya.

Hasil: Dari 298, 188 (63,09%) yang dapat diambil menjadi data. Prevalensi obesitas orangtua 40,96% dan obesitas anak sekolah menengah atas 15,4%, di Denpasar tahun 2015. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status nutrisi atau gizi ibu ditinjau dari indeks massa tubuh dengan lingkar pinggang atau lingkar lengan atas terhadap status gizi anak sekolah menengah atas di Denpasar. Hubungan dari status gizi pada jumlah orangtua obesitas berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh dengan status gizi pada anak sekolah menengah atas di Denpasar pada 2015 juga ditemukan, nilai p < 0,05.

Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan obesitas orangtua ditinjau dari indeks massa tubuh terhadap obesitas anak sekolah menengah atas di Denpasar pada tahun 2015. Adanya kelemahan di dalam penelitian membuat perlu dilakukannya penelitian lebih lanjut dengan topik ini, dengan sampel lebih besar dan memperhatikan faktor-faktor perancu penelitian.
Kadar Resistin Serum Berhubungan Dengan Skor Child-Turcotte Pugh Pada Penderita Sirosis Hati
Authors: Koncoro Hendra , Primadharsini Putu Prathiwi , Mariadi I Ketut , Somayana Gde , Suryadarma I Gusti Agung , Purwadi Nyoman , Wibawa I Dewa Nyoman
Published: August 2019

Latar Belakang: Sirosis hati (SH) sering disertai tingginya resistensi insulin dan kondisi proinflamasi. Resistin yang merupakan suatu adipokin, diketahui memiliki hubungan dengan resistensi insulin dan inflamasi. Studi-studi resistin pada SH memperlihatkan hasil yang bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari hubungan kadar resistin serum dengan skor Child-Turcotte Pugh (CTP) pada penderita SH.

Metode: Penelitian observasional, studi potong lintang ini dilaksanakan di RSUP Sanglah dari September 2014 sampai dengan Juni 2015 dengan menggunakan 75 pasien sirosis hati sebagai sampel. Kriteria inklusi mencakup pasien sirosis hati tanpa memandang etiologinya dan berusia 12 tahun atau lebih. Variabel yang diperiksa pada penelitian ini yaitu skor CTP (kadar albumin serum, kadar bilirubin total serum, nilai waktu protrombin, kadar international normalized ratio (INR), tanda ascites, tanda ensefalopati hepatikum), kadar C-reactive protein (CRP), dan kadar resistin serum.

Hasil: Enam puluh lima persen dari 75 sampel adalah laki-laki dan sisanya perempuan. Sebelas diantaranya (14,7%) adalah kelas CTP A, 31 (41,3%) kelas CTP B, dan 33 (44%) kelas CTP C. Rerata kadar CRP adalah 15,05 ± 15,86 mg/L. Rerata kadar resistin adalah 23,39 ± 17,79 ng/mL. Hasil uji korelasi didapatkan korelasi positif yang sedang antara kadar resistin dan skor CTP (r = 0,438; p < 0,001). Korelasi positif sedang juga didapatkan antara CRP dan resistin (r = 0,478; p < 0,001).

Simpulan: Kadar resistin memiliki korelasi sedang dengan skor CTP pada pasien SH. Kadar resistin didapatkan lebih tinggi kadarnya pada SH yang berat. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya kondisi inflamasi dan resistensi insulin seiring dengan peningkatan derajat beratnya SH.
DIAGNOSIS CEPAT INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH DENGAN MENGHITUNG JUMLAH LEUKOSITURIA PADA URINALISIS METODE FLOWCYTOMETRY SYSMEX UX-2000 DENGAN BAKU EMAS KULTUR URIN DI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR
Authors: Pratistha Fernanda Savitri Mega , Sudhana I Wayan , Adnyana I Wayan Losen
Published: August 2019

Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) merupakan infeksi bakteri pada saluran kemih, merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi tersering di Negara berkembang. ISK menempati peringkat kedua, setelah infeksi luka operasi sebagai infeksi nosokomial. Kultur urin merupakan baku emas yang masih digunakan sampai saat ini untuk mendiagnosis ISK, namun memiliki kelemahan yaitu biaya yang mahal, dan waktu yang cukup lama untuk mendapatkan hasil. Pemeriksaan urinalisis otomatis dengan metode flowcytometry dapat digunakan karena lebih praktis dan lebih cepat dalam mendiagnosis ISK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan akurasi pada Urinalisis Otomatis metode Flowcytometry menggunakan Sysmex UX-2000. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian uji diagnostik dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien yang didiagnosis secara klinis mengalami ISK di RSUP Sanglah pada tahun 2016 sampai dengan 2017. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 100 orang dengan rentang usia 2 tahun sampai dengan diatas 65 tahun. Analisis statistik menggunakan program komputer SPSS.23 dan kurva ROC untuk mendapatkan cut-off point leukosituria paling optimal lalu dihitung sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, nilai prediksi negatif dan akurasinya. Berdasarkan analisis kurva ROC didapatkan area under the curve (AUC) jumlah leukosituria berdasarkan metode flowcytometry sebesar 0,846 dan dengan menggunakan cut-off point ≥52,8/mL, memberikan hasil sensitivitas 82,3% spesifisitas 76,3%, nilai prediksi positif 85% nilai prediksi negatif 72,5% dan akurasi 80%. Alat Urinalisis Otomatis dengan metode Flowcytometry memiliki nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan akurasi yang tinggi sehingga dapat diterapkan untuk membantu diagnosis ISK.
Impending krisis tiroid pada struma multinodusa toksik dengan pneumonia komunitas
Authors: Permana I Gede Komang Aditya
Published: August 2019

Hipertiroidisme yang berlanjut menjadi krisis tiroid merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang jarang ditemui. Berbagai faktor dapat mencetuskan krisis tiroid pada tirotoksikosis seperti trauma, pembedahan, emboli paru, infark miokard, gangguan serebrovaskular, infeksi, ketoasidosis diabetikum, toksemia gravidarum, dan ketidakpatuhan mengkonsumsi obat anti tiroid. Angka mortalitas yang tinggi menyebabkan penanganan pada kasus ini harus cepat dan tepat, penyebab kematian tersering pada krisis tiroid ialah kegagalan sistem kardiopulmonal. Apabila mendapat penanganan lebih awal maka angka mortalitas dapat dikurangi, oleh karena itu akan dipresentasikan sebuah kasus seorang perempuan usia 58 tahun dengan struma multinodusa yang mengalami impending krisis tiroid dengan faktor pemicu infeksi pneumonia komunitas. Penilaian dengan skor Burch Wartofsky didapatkan nilai 40, yang menunjukkan kecurigaan akan terjadinya impending krisis tiroid, faktor pencetusnya kemudian ditangani dengan pemberian antibiotika, kemudian untuk kondisi tirotoksikosisnya ditangani dengan pemberian obat anti tiroid, antipiretik, beta bloker dan glukokortikoid, setelah menjalani perawatan, kondisi pasien membaik dan diperbolehkan pulang.
Hubungan antara depresi, gangguan fungsi kognitif, dan kualitas hidup penduduk usia lanjut di Desa Pedawa, Kabupaten Singaraja, Bali
Authors: Juniarta Pande Made , Aryana I Gusti Putu Suka
Published: August 2019

Latar Belakang: Depresi adalah gangguan psikiatri yang paling sering ditemukan pada usia lanjut di seluruh dunia. Insiden depresi pada usia lanjut sering tidak terdeteksi dan bentuk depresi onset lambat sangat terkait dengan gangguan kognitif, risiko penyakit, kecacatan, dan kualitas hidup yang rendah.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara depresi, gangguan kognitif, dan kualitas hidup penduduk di Desa Pedawa, Singaraja.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong-lintang yang dilakukan pada 13-14 Agustus 2016 dengan sampel sebanyak 117 orang. Penilaian depresi menggunakan kuesioner GDS-15, gangguan kognitif menggunakan kuesioner AMT, dan kualitas hidup dinilai menggunakan kuesioner EQ5D. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode konsekutif sampling dan data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0.

Hasil: Karakteristik sampel adalah 54 orang (46,2%) pria dan 63 orang (53,8%) adalah wanita. Prevalensi depresi didapatkan sebanyak 24 orang (20,5%) dan gangguan kognitif sebanyak 64 orang (54,7%). Sampel dengan kualitas hidup yang baik, sedang dan buruk masing-masing adalah 35 (29,9%), 66 (56,4%), dan 16 orang (13,7%). Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara depresi dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif dan tingkat ekonomi (p < 0,05). Sedangkan hubungan antara depresi dan kualitas hidup diperoleh hasil yang tidak bermakna (p = 0,49).

Simpulan: Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara depresi dan gangguan kognitif dan tingkat ekonomi pada penduduk di Desa Pedawa, Kecamatan Singaraja, Bali
Kadar interleukin-17 (IL-17) serum berkorelasi dengan rasio receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) pada penderita Sistemik Lupus Eritematosus
Authors: Tonny Tonny , Kambayana Gede , Putra Tjokorda Raka , Kurniari Pande Ketut
Published: August 2019

Latar belakang : Proses inflamasi berperan penting dalam patogenesis SLE. Proses inflamasi yang terjadi pada penderita SLE juga akan mempengaruhi diferensiasi osteoklas dan osteoblast. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) merupakan mediator pro-inflamasi yang dihasilkan akibat proses inflamasi sistemik. Peningkatan kadar sitokin pro-inflamasi diketahui mengakibatkan perubahan regulasi RANKL, yang selanjutnya akan mempengaruhi osteoprotegerin (OPG). Peningkatan kadar sitokin pro-inflamasi pada penderita SLE dapat mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan RANKL/OPG.

Tujuan : Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar IL-17 serum dengan rasio RANKL/OPG pada penderita SLE.

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik potong lintang yang dilakukan di poliklinik dan bangsal rawat inap. Penyakit Dalam RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia dari bulan Januari-Maret 2018. Penderita SLE berjenis kelamin wanita yang berusia lebih dari 18 tahun dan belum mengalami menopause serta bersedia mengikuti penelitian dengan menandatangani informed consent diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Kadar IL-17 serum diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode high sensitivity ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RANKL diukur menggunakan metode Human sRANKL (TOTAL) ELISA, sedangkan OPG diukur menggunakan metode Human Osteoprotegerin ELISA. Rasio RANKL/OPG didapatkan dari perbandingan antara kadar RANKL dan OPG.

Hasil : Penelitian ini melibatkan 68 subyek penelitian. Median umur subyek penelitian yaitu 31,32 (17-54). Kadar IL-17 dan rasio RANKL/OPG pada seluruh subyek yaitu 0,435 (0,23-30,65) dan 70,18 (4,98-1060,46). Didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar IL-17 dan rasio RANKL/OPG dengan p=0,010. Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan bahwa kadar IL-17 berkorelasi dengan rasio RANKL/OPG (B=6,554, SE(B)=2,686, p=0,018).

Simpulan : Pada penelitian ini terdapat korelasi antara kadar IL-17 serum dengan rasio RANKL/OPG pada penderita SLE.
Diagnosis dan tatalaksana renal sel karsinoma
Authors: Adnyani Ni Made Dwi , Widiana I Gde Raka
Published: August 2019

Karsinoma sel renal (KSR) merupakan kanker yang cukup sering terjadi, sekitar 3 sampai 4% kasus di Amerika Serikat, namun di Asia kasusnya cukup jarang. Insiden KSR semakin menigkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Perokok aktif dan pasif seperti juga hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko KSR. Dilaporkan sebuah kasus, perempuan, 61 tahun, dengan Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stadium V et causa chronic pyelonephritis (PNC) single kidney, batu ureter 1/3 distal sinistra, hidronefrosis derajat IV ginjal sinistra, adenokarsinoma (Adeno Ca) renal dextra stadium III post radical nefrectomy. Pasca operasi kondisi pasien sempat membaik, produksi urine cukup ± 800 cc/24 jam, dan ada penurunan serum kreatinin. Pasien sempat menjalani beberapa kali hemodialis selama perawatan dan direncanakan hemodialisis regular. Sepuluh hari paska MRS pasien kembali dirawat dengan pneumonia (Health Care Associated Pneumonia) dan diberikan antibiotik empiris, dalam perkembanganya kondisi semakin memburuk dan akhirnya meninggal dengan penyebab kematian syok sepsis. Kasus ini diangkat untuk memperdalam mengenai diagnosis dan tatalaksana seorang penderita dengan renal sel karsinoma sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya prognosis buruk di kemudian hari.
Using an Electronic Monitoring System and Photo Identification to Understand Effects of Tourism Encounters on Whale Sharks in Ningaloo Marine Park
Authors: Lester Emily , Speed Conrad , Rob Dani , Barnes Peter , Waples Kelly , Raudino Holly
Published: August 2019

In-water shark-based tourism is growing worldwide and whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are one of the most popular targets of this industry. It is important to monitor tourism industries to minimize any potential impacts on target species. At Ningaloo, Western Australia, Electronic
Monitoring Systems (EMS) have been installed on licensed tour vessels to collect information on encounters between snorkelers and whale sharks. This study combined data from the EMS with whale shark identification photographs, to assess the impact of in-water tourism on the encounter duration
for individual sharks. During 2011 and 2012, 948 encounters with 229 individual sharks were recorded using EMS. Encounter durations between whale sharks and tourism vessels ranged between 1 and 59 min (mean = 11 min 42 s, SD = ±11 min 19 s). We found no evidence for a decline
in encounter duration after repeated tourist encounters with individual sharks. Encounter duration varied among tourism operator vessels and were shorter when the sex of the whale shark could not be identified. Given that individual sharks were swum with on average 2.4 times per day (±SD
2.08), and up to 16 times over the course of the study, our results suggest that there is no evidence of long-term impacts of tourism on the whale sharks at Ningaloo. However, the inclusion of well-defined categories of whale shark behaviors and information regarding how interactions between
tourists and whale sharks end will complement the data already collected by the EMS. This preliminary investigation demonstrates the potential for the EMS as a data resource to better understand and monitor the impacts of tourism interactions on whale sharks.
Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides
Authors: Rebitski Ediana Paula , Darder Margarita , Aranda Pilar
Published: August 2019

In this work, organic–inorganic hybrid nanoarchitectures were prepared in a single coprecipitation step by assembling magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDH) and a sepiolite fibrous clay, with the simultaneous encapsulation of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) as the MgAl-LDH retains its ion exchange properties. The synthetic procedure was advantageous in comparison to the incorporation of MCPA by ion exchange after the formation of the LDH/sepiolite nanoarchitecture in a previous step, as it was less time consuming and gave rise to a higher loading of MCPA. The resulting MCPA-LDH/sepiolite nanoarchitectures were characterized by various physicochemical techniques (XRD, FTIR and 29Si NMR spectroscopies, CHN analysis and SEM) that revealed interactions of LDH with the sepiolite fibers through the silanol groups present on the outer surface of sepiolite, together with the intercalation of MCPA in the LDH confirmed by the increase in the basal spacing from 0.77 nm for the pristine LDH to 2.32 nm for the prepared materials. The amount of herbicide incorporated in the hybrid nanoarchitectures prepared by the single-step coprecipitation method surpassed the CEC of LDH (ca. 330 mEq/100 g), with values reaching 445 mEq/100 g LDH for certain compositions. This suggests a synergy between the inorganic solids that allows the nanoarchitecture to exhibit better adsorption properties than the separate components. Additionally, in the release assays, the herbicide incorporated in the hybrid nanoarchitectures could be completely released, which confirms its suitability for agricultural applications. In order to achieve a more controlled release of the herbicide and to act for several days on the surface of the soil, the hybrid nanoarchitectures were encapsulated in a biopolymer matrix of alginate/zein and shaped into spheres. In in vitro tests carried out in bidistilled water, a continuous release of MCPA from the bionanocomposite beads was achieved for more than a week, while the non-encapsulated materials released the 100% of MCPA in 48 h. Besides, the encapsulation may allow for better handling and transport of the herbicide.
Bringing Manifold Learning and Dimensionality Reduction to SED Fitters
Authors: Hemmati Shoubaneh , Capak Peter , Pourrahmani Milad , Nayyeri Hooshang , Stern Daniel , Mobasher Bahram , Darvish Behnam , Davidzon Iary , Ilbert Olivier , Masters Daniel , Shahidi Abtin
Published: August 2019

We show that unsupervised machine learning techniques are a valuable tool for both visualizing and computationally accelerating the estimation of galaxy physical properties from photometric data. As a proof of concept, we use self-organizing maps (SOMs) to visualize a spectral energy distribution (SED) model library in the observed photometry space. The resulting visual maps allow for a better understanding of how the observed data maps to physical properties and allows for better optimization of the model libraries for a given set of observational data. Next, the SOMs are used to estimate the physical parameters of 14,000 z ∼ 1 galaxies in the COSMOS field and are found to be in agreement with those measured with SED fitting. However, the SOM method is able to estimate the full probability distribution functions for each galaxy up to ∼106 times faster than direct model fitting. We conclude by discussing how this acceleration, as well as learning how the galaxy data manifold maps to physical parameter space and visualizing this mapping in lower dimensions, helps overcome other challenges in galaxy formation and evolution.