bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characterization of 3D printed multiscale carbon nanofiller/continuous fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Chao , Fu Yu‐Tong , Xia Dan , Xu Ping‐Hai , Xiang Cheng‐Tao , Wu Jing , Li Jia‐Yu , Li Yuan‐Qing , Li Fei , Shi Han‐Qiao , Sun Bao‐Gang , Fu Shao‐Yun
Published: February 2025

Mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) are generally lower than expected due to unavoidable voids and weak interfacial adhesion. However, previous research work has rarely been reported on introducing carbon nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) to reduce internal void defects and improve interfacial adhesion of CFRPCs. In this work, an innovative means of introducing CNTs and GO is proposed to reduce internal void defects and improve interfacial adhesion for enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed hybrid CFRPCs. Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is employed as a polymer matrix due to its excellent processability for the 3D printing process. Continuous basalt fiber (CBF) is selected as a microscale filler due to its high mechanical properties, low cost and availability for additive manufacturing. It is shown that introducing carbon nanofillers into PETG leads to notably reduced porosity and greatly improved interfacial adhesion between CBF and PETG. As a result, the mechanical properties of 3D printed hybrid CFRPCs are significantly enhanced by introducing carbon nanofillers into the polymer matrix. Finally, the mechanisms of CNTs and GO are analyzed for enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed hybrid CFRPCs. The multiscale filler enhancement method has the characteristics of low cost and easy implementation. This approach contributes a novel idea for preparing high‐performance 3D printed CFRPCs by reducing internal void defects and enhancing interfacial adhesion by simply introducing carbon nanofillers. This method can expand material systems and provide a new development idea for industrial applications.

Highlights

Proposed a new means to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed CFRPCs.

The performances of PETG composites are enhanced by optimal CNT or GO content.

Combination of carbon nanofillers with PETG enhances interfacial adhesion.
Data‐driven machine learning regression methods to predict the residual strength in FRP composites subjected to fatigue
Authors: Gaurav Anand
Published: February 2025

Fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRPs) are widely recognized as ideal materials for transport structures due to their customizable properties, high strength, and stiffness combined with low density. These materials exhibit significant resistance to atmospheric conditions but are susceptible to fatigue loading. Unlike conventional metals, which possess an endurance limit, FRPs are prone to failure under any external load when subjected to a substantial number of fatigue cycles. This makes the estimation of residual strength a critical aspect of composite engineering. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning (ML) regression models, integrated with materials informatics, in predicting the post‐fatigue residual strength of carbon‐ and glass‐based FRPs (CFRPs and GFRPs). A total of 10 features that closely affects the fatigue behavior in FRPs were used to train the ML models; five from materials and manufacturing aspects, four from testing parameters, and one representing composite properties. The study tested regression models from linear, non‐linear, decision tree, ensemble, support vector, and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches to identify the best fit for the dataset. R‐squared (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Median Absolute Error (MedAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used as evaluation metrics to assess model performance. The findings indicate that the available numerical data is sufficient to initiate training and develop robust ML models for residual strength prediction, though the scope for improvement remains with the expansion of the dataset. Among the tested models, the Multi‐Layer Perceptron (MLP), an ANN‐based regressor with two hidden layers comprising 30 and 20 neurons, achieved the best performance, with R2 values of 0.88 on the validation set and 0.95 on the test set and the best RMSE of 72.42. Additionally, the decision tree (DT) and AdaBoost regressors recorded a MedAE of zero on the validation data, suggesting that at least half of their predictions were accurate. The boosted DT model also demonstrated the lowest MedAE on the test dataset, with a value of 2.13.

Highlights

Data compiled from various literatures contains outliers that degrades ML model.

Feature importance set the accuracy of ML models.

ANN model takes the highest training time and presents the best fit.

GridSearchCV improves the model prediction.

Models presenting negative fit on the data can be improved by varying parameters.
Synergistic enhancement of creep resistance and thermal stability in epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets and halloysite nanotubes for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ambhorkar Atharv , Dargahi Ashkan , Christopher Nicholas , Cross Doug , Naguib Hani E.
Published: February 2025

Epoxies used in optoelectronic applications are prone to creep due to low‐magnitude stresses caused by uneven thermal expansion, residual stresses, or component weight in elevated temperature environments. To address this, the effect of adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNP, 0.1–1 wt.%) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT, 1–10 wt.%) on the creep behavior of epoxy nanocomposites was investigated through 1‐h creep tests at 60°C under a 5 MPa load. Results showed that adding 0.1 wt.% GNP and 10 wt.% HNT led to significant reductions in strain rate, by 78.2% and 77.4%, respectively. A synergistic effect was observed when both nanoparticles were combined, improving dispersion and overall performance. The hybrid nanocomposite containing 1 wt.% HNT and 0.25 wt.% GNP demonstrated the most balanced improvement, with a 68.5% reduction in strain rate and enhanced dispersion. Characterization of the particle distribution using optical microscopy and SEM revealed that GNP particles tended to agglomerate more than HNT, while higher HNT loadings caused particle clustering and settling. The hybrid nanocomposite effectively mitigated these issues, making it a promising candidate for high‐temperature, high‐performance applications in optoelectronics, where improved mechanical and thermal stability are essential.

Highlights

0.1 wt.% GNP and 10 wt.% HNT reduce the strain rate by 78.2% and 77.4%, respectively.

Synergistic effect of 0.25 wt.% GNP and 1 wt.% HNT enhances epoxy creep resistance by 68.5%.

GNP and HNT enhance creep strain by reinforcing the polymer network and load transfer.

Optimized epoxy nanocomposite is ideal for high‐temperature optoelectronic applications.
Efficacy of conservative intervention for kinesiophobia in individuals with a history of ankle sprain: A systematic review
Authors: Kobayashi Takumi , Koshino Yuta
Published: February 2025

Objective

To determine the effect of conservative interventions on kinesiophobia, a fear‐avoidance belief regarding exercise, in individuals who have had a lateral ankle sprain.

Literature Survey

Systematic computerized literature search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of conservative interventions on kinesiophobia in individuals with a history of lateral ankle sprain, including chronic ankle instability, compared to those of control, sham, or different conservative interventions were included. They were written in English and published prior to December 2023.

Methodology

Two independent reviewers screened the studies using specific eligibility criteria. Study characteristics, patients, intervention and comparator, and outcome were extracted. Outcomes were defined as kinesiophobia observed using a questionnaire (eg, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia‐11) or other means. The risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials.

Synthesis

Five randomized controlled trials were included. These studies examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation, joint mobilization, balance and strength training, visual biofeedback during multimodal training, and low‐friction patches attached to the outside of shoes, respectively. Limited evidence from single studies showed that the visual biofeedback during walking and low‐friction patches attached on the outside of shoes were significantly more effective than the control and other treatments for kinesiophobia in individuals with a history of a lateral ankle sprain. Because the intervention and control groups differed between studies, data synthesis through meta‐analysis was not performed.

Conclusions

Visual biofeedback during walking and low‐friction patches attached on the outside of shoes may improve kinesiophobia in patients with a history of lateral ankle sprains. An approach to sensory‐perceptual impairment in individuals with a history of lateral ankle sprains may be more effective in improving kinesiophobia. These conservative interventions may have an effect on kinesiophobia, but the evidence is limited.
Immediate Impact of Assisted Autogenic Drainage on Diaphragmatic Function: A Case Report
Authors: Franco Sara Rúbia de Souza , Figueirêdo Bárbara Bernardo , Bezerra Naiara Kássia Macêdo da Silva , Magalhães Paulo André Freire
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

Assisted Autogenic Drainage (AAD) is suggested as a promising technique for effective secretion removal, especially in non‐cooperative patients, including infants. However, there is a scarcity regarding the effects of AAD on diaphragmatic function. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effect of the AAD technique on diaphragmatic function in a healthy infant.

Methods

Case Presentation‐This exploratory case study involved a healthy 1‐year‐and‐2‐month‐old female infant. CARE case reporting guidelines were followed. After collecting demographic data, the AAD technique was applied for 5 min using an abdominal belt. Diaphragmatic function, including excursion (DE) and contraction velocity (CV), was assessed via ultrasonography before and after the intervention.

Results

Post‐intervention, significant increases in inspiratory DE (12.08–18.57 mm), expiratory DE (9.28–16.33 mm), and CV (17.14 to 27.65 mm/s) were noted, indicating that AAD positively impacts diaphragmatic function. These results reflect a notable improvement in diaphragmatic mobility.

Discussion

With regard to the potential mechanism, the increased diaphragmatic excursion observed may be attributed to a temporary enhancement of thoracoabdominal synchrony. The abdominal belt utilized during the intervention likely provided stability to the abdominal muscles and the zone of apposition of the diaphragm. Further studies are needed to investigate how long these effects persist.
ExploreTurns: A web tool for the exploration, analysis, and classification of beta turns and structured loops in proteins; application to beta‐bulge and Schellman loops, Asx helix caps, beta hairpins, and other hydrogen‐bonded motifs
Authors: Newell Nicholas E.
Published: February 2025

The most common type of protein secondary structure after the alpha helix and beta sheet is the four‐residue beta turn, which plays many key structural and functional roles. Existing tools for the study of beta turns operate in backbone dihedral‐angle (Ramachandran) space, which presents challenges for the visualization, comparison and analysis of the wide range of turn conformations. In this work, a new turn‐local coordinate system and structural alignment, together with a set of geometric descriptors for turn backbone shape, are incorporated into ExploreTurns, a web facility for the exploration, analysis, geometric tuning and retrieval of beta turns and their contexts which combines the advantages of Ramachandran‐ and Euclidean‐space representations. Due to the prevalence of beta turns in proteins, this facility, supported by its interpreter for a new general nomenclature which classifies H‐bonded loop motifs and beta hairpins, serves as an exploratory browser and analysis tool for most loop structure. The tool is applied to the detection of new H‐bonded loops, including short and “double” Schellman loops, a large family of beta‐bulge loops with a range of geometries and H‐bond topologies, and other motifs. Other applications presented here include the mapping of sequence preferences in Asx helix N‐caps and an investigation of the depth dependence of beta‐turn geometry. ExploreTurns, available at www.betaturn.com, should prove useful in research, education, and applications such as protein design, in which an enhanced Euclidean‐space picture of turn and motif structure and the ability to identify and tune structures suited to particular requirements may improve performance.
Interfacing bacterial microcompartment shell proteins with genetically encoded condensates
Authors: Costantino Michele , Young Eric J. , Banerjee Abesh , Kerfeld Cheryl A. , Ghirlanda Giovanna
Published: February 2025

Condensates formed by liquid–liquid phase separation are promising candidates for the development of synthetic cells and organelles. Here, we show that bacterial microcompartment shell proteins from Haliangium ochraceum (BMC‐H) assemble into coatings on the surfaces of protein condensates formed by tandem RGG‐RGG domains, an engineered construct derived from the intrinsically disordered region of the RNA helicase LAF‐1. WT BMC‐H proteins formed higher‐order assemblies within RGG‐RGG droplets; however, engineered BMC‐H variants fused to RGG truncations formed coatings on droplet surfaces. These intrinsically disordered tags controlled the interaction with the condensed phase based on their length and sequence, and one of the designs, BMC‐H‐T2, assembled preferentially on the surface of the droplet and prevented droplet coalescence. The formation of the coatings is dependent on the pH and protein concentration; once formed, the coatings are stable and do not exchange with the dilute phase. Coated droplets could sequester and concentrate folded proteins, including TEV protease, with selectivity similar to uncoated droplets. Addition of TEV protease to coated droplets resulted in the digestion of RGG‐RGG to RGG and a decrease in droplet diameter, but not in the dissolution of the coatings. BMC shell protein‐coated protein condensates are entirely encodable and provide a way to control the properties of liquid–liquid phase‐separated compartments in the context of synthetic biology.
Guide to the structural characterization of protein aggregates and amyloid fibrils by CD spectroscopy
Authors: Kardos József , Nyiri Márton Péter , Moussong Éva , Wien Frank , Molnár Tamás , Murvai Nikoletta , Tóth Vilmos , Vadászi Henrietta , Kun Judit , Jamme Frédéric , Micsonai András
Published: February 2025

Protein aggregation and amyloid formation are linked to numerous degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Additionally, protein aggregation plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as storage of molecules or cell signaling. Protein molecules can form a wide range of aggregates, from oligomers of different sizes to non‐specific aggregates and highly ordered cross‐β structured amyloid fibrils with diverse morphologies. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely used technique to study protein structures providing detailed information at the secondary structure level, and is ideal to distinguish and characterize protein aggregates. Despite its potential, CD spectroscopy is often perceived as having limited application on protein aggregates due to challenges, such as sample inhomogeneity, precipitation, light scattering and other factors that complicate accurate analysis. In this study, we present a detailed protocol for examining the structure of protein aggregates and amyloid fibrils using CD spectroscopy. We outline the optimal experimental conditions for sample preparation and demonstrate how to identify and mitigate various interfering effects, using specific examples of disease‐related amyloidogenic proteins. We also discuss the instrumental parameters, baseline subtraction, normalization, and quality control of CD spectra. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of different secondary structure estimating algorithms on amyloid fibril CD spectra highlighting the superiority of BeStSel and CDNN. Our findings could enhance the structural analysis of protein aggregates, contributing to a better understanding of associated diseases and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
PBPK Modeling: Empowering Drug Development and Precision Dosing in China
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Li Jian , Mak Wen Yao , Zheng Aole , Zhu Xiao , He Qingfeng , Wang Yuzhu , Xiang Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2025

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, a cornerstone of model‐informed drug development and model‐informed precision dosing, simulates drug disposition in the human body by integrating physiological, biochemical, and physicochemical parameters. While PBPK modeling has advanced globally since the 1970s, China's adoption of this technology has followed a distinctive path, characterized by accelerated growth over the past 2 decades. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of China's contributions to PBPK modeling, addressing knowledge gaps in publication trends, application domains, and platform preferences. A systematic literature search yielded 266 original PBPK research articles from PubMed up to August 08, 2024. The analysis revealed that drug disposition and drug–drug interaction studies constitute the largest proportion of PBPK analyses in China. Chinese universities and hospitals emerge as the leading contributors to PBPK research among institutions in China. Although established commercial PBPK platform such as GastroPlus and Simcyp remain popular within the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, open‐source platforms like PK‐Sim are gaining significant traction in PBPK applications across China. This review underscores the transformative potential of PBPK modeling in drug development within China, offering valuable insights into future directions and challenges in the field.
Unique moisture transport under abnormal circulations for producing the extreme rainstorm over Beijing on July 31, 2023
Authors: Huang Ting‐Ting , Fu Shen‐Ming , Jin Shuang‐Long , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Sun Jian‐Hua , Xiao Xue
Published: February 2025

Extremely strong water‐vapor supply is a necessary condition for generating an extreme rainstorm; however, this condition is rarely satisfied for the semi‐humid regions, such as North China. To clarify how the extreme moisture condition is satisfied within semi‐humid areas is of crucial importance to further the understanding of this type of event. From July 29 to August 2, 2023, an unprecedented extreme rainfall event hit Beijing (an 83‐hr accumulated precipitation of ˜1,025 mm appears) and broke its rainfall record that has stood the past 140 years. We conduct synoptic analyses and three types of quantitative moisture budgets to explore the key features of the moisture transport. It is found that the displacement and evolution of Typhoon Doksuri result in an abnormal circulation, under which the West Pacific subtropical high and Typhoon Doksuri play the dominant roles for driving the direct moisture transport for the extreme rainstorm in Beijing. Most of the moisture is transported into the targeted region (i.e., a box covering the rainfall region) across its eastern and southern boundaries in the lower troposphere, with the inflow efficiency of the former ˜3.9 times that of the latter. The northwest Pacific contributes significantly (37.1%) to the moisture supply for the extreme rainstorm region. Eastern China, mainly located over land, also provides a substantial portion (33.8%) of the moisture, implying that earlier heavy rainfall in one region can notably affect subsequent heavy rainfall in adjacent areas by providing moisture.
Enhanced Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye Using Fe3O4‐MgO Nanoparticles Loaded with Phragmites Stems Powder: Characterization, Kinetic, and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Chebba Samira , Boudaoud Asma , Djedid Mebrouk , Benalia Mokhtar , Soltani Amel , Nouacer Imane
Published: February 2025

A novel adsorbent was produced from Phragmites australis stems (Ph‐St) into a magnetic nanocomposite (Ph‐St/Fe3O4‐MgO) through chemical treatment for effective removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous medium. Characterization via SEM, EDX, FTIR, BET, and XRD confirmed the efficient deposition of Fe3O4‐MgO magnetic nanoparticles on Ph‐St, forming a cubic spinel structure. The BET surface areas were 4.4985 m2/g for Ph‐St and 8.8789 m2/g for Ph‐St/Fe3O4‐MgO. The nitrogen (N2) adsorption isotherm was classified as type IV. The effect of several factors on adsorption was examined, including temperature, dose, pH, and contact time. Adsorption experiments showed optimal MG removal at pH 7, with an equilibrium time of 20 min. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) model best described the adsorption process compared to the pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. Experimental data for the Ph‐St adsorbent correspond well to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model for Ph‐St/Fe3O4‐MgO at the optimum temperature of 328 K, with maximum adsorption capacities of 33.823 and 104.711 mg/g, respectively. Positive ΔH° and ΔS° values indicated an endothermic and disordered process. The ΔG° values indicate spontaneous adsorption for both adsorbents. These results suggest that magnetic nanocomposites provide an effective solution for reducing water pollution.
Nanoparticle: Pathogenesis, Innovative Diagnosis, and Therapy of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Wen Lin , Liu Xiaolian , Yang Dejun , Sun Zihao , Liang Chuipeng , Wu Jijiao , Xie Long , Xing Rong , Li Xiaofang
Published: February 2025

Liver fibrosis, a progressive condition resulting from chronic liver injury, can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for their diagnosis and treatment due to their unique properties. This review highlights advances in lipid‐based (e.g., liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles), polymer‐based (e.g., nanocapsules, dendrimers), inorganic (e.g., iron oxide, gold nanoparticles), and biological nanoparticles (e.g., extracellular vesicles, exosomes). These nanoparticles enhance imaging contrast for MRI and CT, enabling non‐invasive fibrosis detection, and deliver drugs or gene‐editing tools to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) for targeted therapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes also show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic carriers. However, challenges such as limited targeting efficiency, potential toxicity, and difficulties in clinical translation remain. Future research should focus on optimizing nanoparticle design, improving biocompatibility, and addressing regulatory issues to facilitate their clinical application. Nanoparticle‐based strategies hold great promise for revolutionizing liver fibrosis management.
Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of Porphyrin‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks at Low Positive Potential via Substituent‐Induced Outer‐Sphere Microenvironment Modulation
Authors: Cui Lin , Yang Yuncong , Song Linlin , Cao Xueting , Chu Wenqi , Zhang Chun‐yang
Published: February 2025

The porphyrin‐based hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) offers a superior platform for decoding electrochemiluminescence (ECL) via controlling charge transfer due to its higher solubility, chemical stability, and tunable framework behavior. In this research, three kinds of HOFs including TDPP‐HOF, TCPP‐HOF, and TCNPP‐HOF are synthesized based on a porphyrin tectonic plate decorated with 2,4‐diaminotriazinyl (DAT), carboxyl, and nitrile moieties to study their ECL performances. The hydrazine as the coreactant can trigger TDPP‐HOF at the low‐excited positive potential to generate 15.8‐ and 112.9‐fold enhancement in ECL signal than TCNPP‐HOF and TCPP‐HOF. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations verify that TDPP‐HOF with a lower bandgap and a larger binding energy (ΔE) between coreactant and HOF is beneficial to intrareticular charge transfer (ICT), facilitating the enhancement of ECL performance. These results indicate that the peripheral substituents can establish a specialized outer‐sphere microenvironment around the porphyrin center to tune both the HOF activity and the ECL performance. As a proof of concept, a simple TDPP‐HOF‐based ECL sensor is constructed to sensitively detect phenolic compounds. This research provides a new avenue for improving the ECL performance via modulating the outer‐sphere microenvironment of HOFs.
A Hyperstable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery Based on Mo1.74CTz MXene
Authors: Chen Ningjun , Ronchi Rodrigo , Halim Joseph , Persson Per O. Å. , Qin Leiqiang , Rosen Johanna
Published: February 2025

The sustainable utilization of natural resources and growing demand for various electronic devices have promoted the development of safe, stable, and rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, a stable cathode material is crucial for ZIBs in an aqueous electrolyte, since it is more difficult for divalent Zn2+ to be reversibly inserted and extracted between active materials than it is for monovalent metal ions. In this work, a tailored multi‐defect MXene, Mo1.74CTz, of a complete chemical formula of Mo1.74±0.06CO0.95±0.02(OH)0.63±0.01F0.3±0.03.0.2±0.05H2Oads (Mo1.74CTz), is assembled as cathode in AZIBs. It achieved 75% capacity retention and nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency even after up to 100 000 cycles as the intrinsic structural stability and many vertical holes of the Mo1.74CTz MXene contributed to alleviating the MXene collapse under repeated charge and discharge. Meanwhile, the Mo1.74CTz‐based AZIBs exhibited good performance with a specific capacity of 200 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, which greatly exceeds previous reports of pure MXene‐based cathodes in AZIBs. This work will aid in finding new solutions for sustainable energy development, which will pave the way for AZIBs as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the future.
Tannic Acid Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber Based High Performing Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Guchait Aparna , Haridas C. P. Ajay , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Mondal Titash
Published: February 2025

Considering today's environmental concerns, the development of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is gaining immense interest as a green energy harvesting technology. However, most materials leveraged in TENG construction are based on non‐renewable resources. Therefore, developing a bio‐based composite with high performance for the TENG application is extremely desirable. This study uses Tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, as a reactive bio‐filler in the bio‐based elastomer Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR‐50). This bio‐composite is utilized as a tribo‐positive pair for TENG construction, which resulted in a very high output voltage of 751 V (at 9 Hz) and 568 V (at 5 Hz). The maximum obtained power density recorded at 9 Hz is 37 W m−2 at 1 MΩ external load resistance and an average power density is 20 W m−2 at a load resistance of 10–100 MΩ. This excellent output performance results from the high electron‐donating ability of TA. It is many‐fold higher in terms of power density than recently reported all the bio‐composites. Density Functional Theory is leveraged to probe contact electrification process. The result correlates with surface energy, dielectric, dynamic mechanical properties, and surface morphologies (roughness). Notably that such a bio‐composite can be a promising material for next‐generation power harvesting technology.
Next‐Generation Chemiresistive Wearable Breath Sensors for Non‐Invasive Healthcare Monitoring: Advances in Composite and Hybrid Materials
Authors: Verma Gulshan , Gupta Ankur
Published: February 2025

Recently wearable breath sensors have received significant attention in personalized healthcare systems by offering new methods for remote, non‐invasive, and continuous monitoring of various health indicators from breath samples without disrupting daily routines. The rising demand for rapid, personalized diagnostics has sparked concerns over electronic waste from short‐lived silicon‐based devices. To address this issue, the development of flexible and wearable sensors for breath sensing applications is a promising approach. Research highlights the development of different flexible, wearable sensors operating with different operating principles, such as chemiresistive sensors to detect specific target analytes due to their simple design, high sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability. Further, focusing on the non‐invasive detection of biomarkers through exhaled breath, chemiresistive wearable sensors offer a comprehensive and environmentally friendly solution. This article presents a comprehensive discussion of the recent advancement in chemiresistive wearable breath sensors for the non‐invasive detection of breath biomarkers. The article further emphasizes the intricate development and functioning of the sensor, including the selection criteria for both the flexible substrate and advanced functional materials, including their sensing mechanisms. The review then explores the potential applications of wearable gas sensing systems with specific disease detection, with modern challenges associated with non‐invasive breath sensors.
Advancements and Perspectives on Nonaqueous Electrolyte Engineering for Graphite Anode in Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Mao Zhifei , Wang Keliang , Fan Qi Hua , Wang Ruigang
Published: February 2025

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of potassium resources. Coupled with commercial graphite anode, KIBs have great potential for the next‐generation large‐scale electrochemical energy storage devices. However, graphite anode in KIBs suffers from rapid capacity decay in commercial “potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) + ethylene carbonate (EC)” electrolytes. These issues can be addressed through electrolyte engineering, which has been proven effective in improving graphite performance. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of K+ storage in graphite, the challenges of electrolyte design, and the recent advancements in electrolyte engineering for graphite anode optimization in KIBs.
Liposome‐Enabled Nanomaterials for Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Wu Shuang , Lu Jianqin
Published: February 2025

Muscle regeneration is a vital biological process that is crucial for maintaining muscle function and integrity, particularly for the treatment of muscle diseases such as sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. Generally, muscular tissues can self‐repair and regenerate under various conditions, including acute or chronic injuries, aging, and genetic mutation. However, regeneration becomes challenging beyond a certain threshold, particularly in severe muscle injuries or progressive diseases. In recent years, liposome‐based nanotechnologies have shown potential as promising therapeutic strategies for muscle regeneration. Liposomes offer an adaptable platform for targeted drug delivery due to their cell membrane‐like structure and excellent biocompatibility. They can enhance drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery while minimizing systemic side effects by different mechanisms. This review summarizes recent advancements, discusses current applications and mechanisms, and highlights challenges and future directions for possible clinical translation of liposome‐based nanomaterials in the treatment of muscle diseases. It is hoped this review offers new insights into the development of liposome‐enabled nanomedicine to address current limitations.
A Systems Thinking Approach to Understand the Impacts of Pesticides on the Great Barrier Reef Ecosystems
Authors: Phan Thuc D. , Bertone Edoardo , Neelamraju Catherine , Nguyen Nam , Nguyen Tien Q. , Pham Tuyen V.
Published: February 2025

The health and resilience of the Great Barrier Reef ecosystems are affected by complex dynamics and interconnected processes. A systems thinking approach can aid to comprehensively understand the past, current and future system behaviour, thereby informing effective decision‐making. A qualitative conceptual model was developed based on the theory of systems thinking approach and critical literature reviews, giving consideration to the complex non‐linear feedbacks that determine the structure and behaviour of the system. The model indicates that the feedback structure of the system is governed by agricultural production, pesticide applications, pesticide residues, water quality improvement policies and climate change. The findings highlight the inherent challenges of achieving water quality goals in a complex and dynamic environment, constantly influenced by many factors (e.g., climate change). This underscores the critical need for ongoing research, adaptation and a shift towards a systems perspective, enabling decision makers to avoid the unintended consequences emerging from linear thinking, thereby initiating more flexible and adaptive management strategies for saving this iconic system.
Von Amstetten zur Molekulardynamik – Teil 1
Authors: Lang Robert , Ladinek Markus
Published: February 2025

Im Jahr 1875 fand in Österreich die Entgleisung der Lokomotive Amstetten statt. Die Ursache war ein Radreifenbruch durch eine damals noch kaum beachtete Werkstoffeigenschaft – die Werkstoffermüdung. Zum 150. Jahrestag sollen im ersten Teil in einem Abriss einige wichtige geschichtsträchtige Ereignisse in der Forschungsgeschichte der Ermüdungsfestigkeit beleuchtet werden. Dabei werden Einflussfaktoren untersucht sowie diskutiert und es wird auf den heutigen Stand der Technik verwiesen. Dieser Abriss kann nicht vollständig sein und soll es auch gar nicht. So mancher heutige Aspekt oder heutiges Konzept wird aber erst im historischen Kontext plausibel und nachvollziehbar. Im zweiten Teil dieses Beitrags wird ein Blick auf den Stand der Wissenschaft gewagt. Skalenmodelle und molekulardynamische Ansätze sollen angerissen und aufgezeigt werden. Zuletzt wird ein Fazit über 150 Jahre gezogen. Warum sind diese modernen Aspekte in der Praxis kaum vertreten und wo ist eine Lösung im Spannungsfeld zwischen bewährten und modernen Methoden erkennbar, welche die Forschung wieder näher an die Praxis bindet.
Von Amstetten zur Molekulardynamik – Teil 2
Authors: Ladinek Markus , Lang Robert
Published: February 2025

Im Jahr 1875 fand in Österreich die Entgleisung der Lokomotive Amstetten statt. Die Ursache war ein Radreifenbruch durch eine damals noch kaum beachtete Werkstoffeigenschaft – die Ermüdungsfestigkeit. Im ersten Teil dieses Zweiteilers wurde die Forschungsgeschichte in einigen Aspekten der Ermüdungsfestigkeit beleuchtet. Im zweiten Teil dieses Beitrags richtet sich der Blick auf den Stand der Wissenschaft. Fortschrittliche Methoden werden vorgestellt, die viele gewachsene Probleme zu lösen scheinen. Dennoch bleiben diese Methoden aus vielerlei Gründen der Wissenschaft vorbehalten und finden praktisch keinen Einzug in die Praxis – trotz der evidenten Vorteile. Die Gründe scheinen vielfältig und doch überbrückbar, wie Vorzeigebeispiele veranschaulichen.
Morphology and molecules revealed a remarkable new genus of Lamiaceae, a surprising discovery in south‐eastern Europe
Authors: Surina Boštjan , Vuksanović Snežana , Dragićević Snežana , Glasnović Peter , Siljak‐Yakovlev Sonja , Balant Manica , Radosavljević Ivan , Xiang Chun‐Lei , Li Bo
Published: February 2025

Petrolamium crnojevicii gen. & sp. nov., a new distinct and remarkable monotypic genus of Lamiaceae, was discovered in the Dinaric karst of southern Montenegro. This taxon exhibits a unique combination of morphological traits, including eglandular, mostly glabrous reniform leaves with 5–7 lobes and prominent hydatodes at their tips. Its small pedicellate flowers feature included anthers and styles within the corolla tube, a straight, narrow, and emarginate to bifurcate posterior corolla lip, and an anterior lip with entire, broadly elliptic‐oblong lateral lobes. The trigonous mericarps have a truncated apex and bear fatty tissue. Notably, Petrolamium has a unique chromosome number of 2n = 32. A molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on 79 plastid protein‐coding genes and 5 chloroplast markers placed Petrolamium in the subfamily Lamioideae, where it forms a distinct lineage, sister to the other members of the tribe Lamieae. Petrolamium is also unique from an ecological point of view, as it exclusively inhabits floristically depauperate calcareous rock crevices in a very restricted distribution range. This makes P. crnojevicii a critically endangered species according to IUCN criteria and emphasizes the need for immediate conservation efforts. This study highlights the importance of ongoing floristic exploration, demonstrating that even in regions long considered botanically well‐known, important discoveries can still emerge, including within extensively investigated plant families like the Lamiaceae.
Thriving in Adversity: Yeasts in the Agave Fermentation Environment
Authors: Colón‐González Maritrini , Aguirre‐Dugua Xitlali , Guerrero‐Osornio Mariana G. , Avelar‐Rivas J. Abraham , DeLuna Alexander , Mancera Eugenio , Morales Lucia
Published: February 2025

Agave spirits have gained global recognition and hold a central position within the cultural heritage of Mexico. Traditional distilleries, characterized by open fermentations driven by local microbial communities, persist despite the rise of industrial‐scale counterparts. In this review, we explore the environmental conditions and production practices that make the must of cooked agave stems a unique habitat for colonizing microorganisms. Additionally, we review selected studies that have characterized yeast species within these communities, with a focus on their metabolic traits and genomic features. Over 50 fungal species, predominantly Saccharomycetales and few Basidiomycetes, along with a similar number of lactic and acetic acid bacteria, have been identified. Despite variations in the chemical composition of the agave substrates and diversity of cultural practices associated with each traditional fermentation process, yeast species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, and several Pichia species have been consistently isolated across all agave spirit‐producing regions. Importantly, cooked agave must is rich in fermentable sugars, yet it also contains inhibitory compounds that influence the proliferation dynamics of the microbial community. We discuss some of the genetic traits that may enable yeasts to flourish in this challenging environment and how human practices may shape microbial diversity by promoting the selection of microbes that are well‐adapted to agave fermentation environments. The increasing demand for agave spirits, combined with concerns about the preservation of natural resources and cultural practices associated with their production, underscores the need to deepen our understanding of all key players, including the yeast communities involved.
Impact of education in patients undergoing physiotherapy for lower back pain: a level I systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola , Schäfer Luise , Manocchio Nicola , Bossa Michela , Foti Calogero , Betsch Marcel , Kubach Joshua
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in modern society, with a lifetime incidence of up to 90%. According to most national and international guidelines, educational interventions play a central role in the multimodal treatment of LBP. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of educational interventions on pain and disability in patients with LBP undergoing physiotherapy compared to patients without educational interventions undergoing physiotherapy.

Methods

In October 2024, a comprehensive computer-aided search was performed to assess the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria with an established PICOTD algorithm. Two authors independently performed the data extraction and risk of bias evaluation. The primary outcome measures extracted were a pain score (VAS or NRS) and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ).

Results

Data from 8152 patients were retrieved. The mean length of follow-up was 6.2 ± 3.9 months, the mean length of symptom duration was 66.7 ± 51.6 months, and the mean age of the patients was 46.7 ± 9.2 years. Compared to physiotherapy alone, additional education did not reduce pain (P = 0.4) or disability according to the RMQ (P = 0.9).

Conclusion

The addition of education did not impact pain and disability in patients undergoing physiotherapy for chronic non-specific LPB.

Level of evidence

Level I, systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.
Focus on hydrochars produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of beech wood, soda lignin and black liquor
Authors: Wörner Maximilian , Hornung Ursel , Karagöz Selhan , Zevaco Thomas , Dahmen Nicolaus
Published: February 2025

Previous studies on the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass have primarily focused on bio-oil production, overlooking the significant hydrochar by-product. In this work, the HTL of beech wood, soda lignin, and black liquor was performed at temperatures of 300 °C and 350 °C for 20 min. The effect of temperature and biomass type on hydrochar yields and properties was thoroughly investigated. The mass yields of the hydrochars varied between 25.92 wt% and 32.70 wt%. An increase in temperature from 300 °C to 350 °C led to a decrease in hydrochar mass yields. The carbon yield was found to be highest (51 wt%) at 300 °C using beech wood. The highest heating value, 30.97 MJ/kg, was obtained with hydrochar derived from soda lignin at 300 °C. Solid-state carbon NMR demonstrated that the hydrochars derived from black liquor contain condensed aromatic structures. Both the type of biomass and temperature significantly influenced the characteristics of the resulting hydrochar. This research demonstrates that hydrochar holds promise as a solid biofuel due to its advantageous energy content and carbon yield, highlighting its potential for sustainable energy applications.
Islet autoantibodies in Thai individuals individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age: a large multicentre nationwide study
Authors: Plengvidhya Nattachet , Suthon Sarocha , Nakdontri Tassanee , Teerawattanapong Nipaporn , Ingnang Saranya , Tangjittipokin Watip ,   Thai Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetes Diagnosed Before Age 30 Years Registry, Care, and Network (T1DDAR CN)
Published: February 2025

Aims/hypothesis

Type 1 diabetes is categorised into autoantibody positive and autoantibody negative. Most type 1 diabetes research has focused on European populations, leaving a gap in understanding in relation to other ethnic groups, including Thai populations. This lack of data is significant given Thailand’s poor prevention and therapeutic management strategies. We aimed to investigate the frequency and distribution of islet autoantibodies among Thai individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes diagnosed before the age of 30 years.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide population-based study involving 48 hospitals in Thailand from May 2020 to September 2023, enrolling 953 participants. Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with autoantibody-positive and -negative type 1 diabetes were analysed. The autoantibodies GAD65, IA-2 and ZnT8 were measured using ELISA. A random C-peptide level was detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results

Thai individuals with autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes comprised 34.2% of the population. Among all individuals, the frequency of GAD65, IA-2 and ZnT8 was 56%, 37% and 33%, respectively. Autoantibody-negative individuals with type 1 diabetes were older at diagnosis, had higher BMI and had higher random C-peptide levels compared with autoantibody-positive individuals with type 1 diabetes. Female individuals had a higher prevalence of type 1 diabetes than male individuals (58% vs 42%; p=1.531 × 10−5). The southern region of Thailand exhibited a distinct pattern of autoantibody frequency compared with other regions (p=0.0001561).

Conclusions/interpretation

The frequency, distribution and characteristics of autoantibody-positive and -negative long-standing type 1 diabetes in Thailand showed uniqueness from other populations. This provides insight into the disease that may have implications for type 1 diabetes prediction, treatment and pathogenesis, especially in the Southeast Asian population.

Graphical Abstract
Common Mental health issues among non-refugee migrants in Australia: a scoping review
Authors: Das Pritimoy , Browning Colette , Rahman Muhammad Aziz
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Mental health issues were the fourth leading cause of disease burden in Australia in 2022. About 30% of Australia’s population are migrants, whose mental health is poorly understood. We aimed to report the prevalence and risk factors of common mental health issues among non-refugee migrants in Australia.

Methods

We reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2024 on mental health issues amongst migrants in Australia following the Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Results

Out of 3122 titles retrieved on mental health issues among migrants in Australia, 30 papers were selected. Migrants from Greece reported the highest prevalence (43.1%) of anxiety disorders than Australian-born (15.8%). The highest prevalence of psychological distress and depression were found amongst migrants from Lebanon (33%) and China (19%), respectively. Migrants from North-Africa, the Middle East, Italy, Greece, and Europe experienced a higher prevalence of psychological distress (18.2–21.9%) than Australian-born (12.4%). Prevalence of depression was higher among migrants from non-English-speaking backgrounds (19.7% vs. 10%), Sub-Saharan Africa (18.8% vs. 9.3%), Italy (18% vs. 10%), Greece (17.1% vs. 4.1%), and China (10% vs. 3%), compared to Australian-born people, respectively. The way that risk factors were reported differed across studies. Anxiety disorders were associated with higher stress (p < 0.05), unemployment (OR 1.8, 95%CI:1.4–2.4), female gender (OR 2.13, 95%CI:1.64–2.76) unmarried status (p < 0.01) and poor physical health status (OR 7.35, 95%CI:3.86–14.01). Psychological distress was associated with being a single woman (OR 6.54, 95%CI:1.18–35.3), holding a temporary visa (p < 0.01), being economically inactive (p < 0.01) and having rare contact with friends (AOR 2.083, p < 0.001). Depression was associated with migrants who were never married (OR 4.11, 95%CI:1.59–10.65), younger or older (p < 0.001), female (OR 2.3, 95%CI:1.9–2.7), from non-English speaking countries (OR 2.41, 95%CI:1.14–5.10) and reported poor physical health (OR 3.55, 95%CI:1.60–7.88).

Conclusion

The high prevalence of mental health issues among non-refugee migrants necessitates revisiting strategies to tailor interventions appropriate for their mental health needs.