bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research in game localisation
Authors: Mangiron Carme
Published: January 2018

Game localisation is an emerging field in Translation Studies that initially began attracting attention in the late 1990s, when the first studies analysing this new translation phenomenon were published by professionals working in the field. In the last decade, research on game localisation has gained impetus. Particularly, in recent years, the number of books, journal articles, book chapters, undergraduate, masters and doctoral dissertations aiming to shed light on this relatively young area of study have increased considerably. This paper examines existing research on game localisation, focusing on published papers (articles and book chapters) and books. It presents a diachronic view of game localisation research, describing the main topics and methods used, as well as the issue of research materials. Finally, it explores potential future research avenues and calls for reception studies, which are necessary to consolidate game localisation as an established research domain within Translation Studies.
Translating literature into playability
Authors: Pettini Silvia
Published: January 2018

From the perspective of Game Localisation (O’Hagan and Mangiron 2013, Bernal-Merino 2015), this paper examines the translation of Dante’s Inferno (Electronic Arts 2010) from English into Italian. Parallel excerpts from in-game dialogues are compared in order to analyse the relationship between the source and the target texts, while exploring the influence Dante’s masterpiece exerts on the Italian localisation. The objective is to show that, when a game is based on the target culture literature, the latter seems to constrain translation to ensure a successful local impact. As findings suggest, by means of quotations together with lexical, syntactic and stylistic choices, the Italian game is more literarily expressive than its English source, thus providing players with a multimedia interactive Dantesque experience.
Triggers and constraints of lower secondary students’ willingness to communicate orally in English in a CLIL setting in the Norwegian context
Authors: Lialikhova Dina
Published: January 2018

This article reports on findings from a small-scale qualitative study performed in a CLIL setting in a Norwegian lower secondary school. The study explored the effect of a six-week CLIL intervention project combining history and English on 27 Norwegian ninth graders’ motivation to engage in classroom oral activities and, consequently, their willingness to communicate (WTC) orally, as well as factors triggering and constraining the students’ WTC in the CLIL lessons. Data were collected through classroom observations, teacher pre- and post-interviews, and student pre- and post-questionnaires. The findings revealed that the CLIL intervention had reinforced most students’ motivation and WTC orally compared to their regular EFL lessons. The study adds to the sparse CLIL research in Norway.
Bucking the trend?
Authors: Mearns Tessa , Graaff Rick de
Published: January 2018

Research has suggested that motivation plays a significant role in language learning but that females tend to be more motivated language learners than males. Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has been suggested as a means of narrowing this motivational gender gap, although there is as yet little empirical evidence to support this claim. In the current study, data regarding the motivation of 581 learners in bilingual and mainstream tracks of Dutch secondary education were analysed for interaction effects in terms of Gender, Education Type, and Year of CLIL study. In this context, it seemed that boys who had chosen bilingual education were the most positive and motivated regarding the learning of English, although girls had more positive attitudes regarding languages in general. No interactions were observed between Gender, Education Type, and Year, suggesting that existing differences may have influenced boys’ decision to follow bilingual education rather than the reverse.
Object drop and article drop in reduced written register
Authors: Weir Andrew
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses object drop in English ‘reduced written register’ (RWR), such as recipes (Haegeman 1987a,b,Massam & Roberge 1989,Massam 1992) and diaries. Object drop differs from subject drop in RWR (Haegeman 1997,2007, this issue); dropped subjects can be of any person and can be expletives, while dropped objects can be third person only and cannot be expletives. I propose that object drop in RWR is dependent on article drop. I analyze null articles in RWR as the presence of a phonologically null determiner with the semantics of a choice function. To analyze object drop, I adoptTomioka (2003)’s analysis for Japanese null pronouns, in which a null determiner, combined with NP ellipsis, allows a constituent with pronominal-like semantics to go wholly unpronounced. I argue that a similar process is at work in English RWR, and argue that this analysis allows us to understand the person and expletive restrictions.
Introduction.
Authors: Smith J.
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines (i) why people are getting a 'bit annoyed' with tourism; (ii) how the tourism industry is responding to social and environmental challenges; (iii) how tourism can excite people towards transformative change and what transformation means for tourism; (iv) how the sharing economy can support this transformation; and (v) whether we can do more than reduce our impact on climate change.
Chemical constituents of Brazilian Propolis from the state of Bahia and their growth inhibitory activities against cancer cells
Authors: Mitsui Taichi , Hotta Sho , Tazawa Shigemi , Arai Yasuko , Kato Kenji , Ichihara Kenji
Published: January 2018

A novel 2-phenoxychromone (1) and five known flavones (2-6) were isolated from northeastern Brazilian propolis in the state of Bahia. The chemical structures of these six compounds were determined by spectroscopic investigations and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The isolated compounds showed growth-inhibitory activities, in varying degrees, against human tumor cell lines. This is the first report on the discovery of a novel 2-phenoxychromone from propolis.
The effect of sex and localised fatigue on triceps surae musculoarticular stiffness
Authors: Faria Aurélio , Gabriel Ronaldo , Moreira Helena , Camacho Tanya , Brás Rui , Ditroilo Massimiliano
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fatigue on musculoarticular stiffness (MAS) of the ankle joint across sexes. Methods: Twenty‐seven males and 26 females participated in the study. After baseline assessment of MAS and related variables, localised fatigue was induced in triceps surae using the standing heel‐rise test during which the subjects were instructed to lift and drop the heel at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. When subjects were unable to continue due to exhaustion the test was terminated and another MAS test was performed soon after. Results: Significant higher triceps surae MAS was found in men compared to women (p < .01). MAS decreased (p < .01) between pre‐ and post‐fatigue on average from 18.0 to 17.0 KN m−1 and from 14.5 to 13.9 KN m−1 in men and women, respectively. Percentage changes revealed, however, that in relative terms the changes in all the variables evaluated were similar (p > .01) between sexes, with MAS less than 5%. Conclusion: Despite the sex‐related differences at baseline, fatigue seems to affect biomechanical properties of the ankle joint similarly in men and women.
“Accordin’ to the Gospel of Etymology”: Burlesque Sermons on Early Commercial Sound Recordings
Authors: Bauman Richard
Published: January 2018

Among the most highly esteemed verbal artists in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American society were preachers, some of whom attained a remarkable degree of celebrity. As Bakhtin has reminded us, however, ritual forms like the sermon are prime targets for carnivalesque rekeying. Sermon parodies were abundant in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American popular culture from the Jacksonian period onward. As the producers of early commercial sound recordings in the United States (ca. mid-1890s–1920) sought to build their market with expressive forms that would be attractive to consumers, they included sermon parodies in their catalogs. The most common sermon parodies in the early commercial record catalogs had a special edge. They were burlesque performances, drawn from the minstrel-show tradition, in which performers in blackface animated popular stereotypes of the traditional African-American preacher. In this essay, I examine a sampling of these parodies of the African-American oral sermon to suggest what we can learn from them about the popular entertainments of the day, the emergent culture of commercial sound recording, and the racial politics of the United States at the turn of the twentieth century.
Registers in Circulation: The Social Organization of Interdiscursivity
Authors: Gal Susan
Published: January 2018

The major outlines of enregisterment as a metasemiotic process are well understood in linguistic anthropology, so we can turn to its further systematic implications. The article explores three “moments” in enregisterment, positing that practices and value projects create registers that act as clasps, relays, and graftings, each producing interdiscursivity and thus circulation. They connect arenas of social action in different ways. The connections are rightly called social organizations of interdiscursivity, since they link and organize not only discourses and registers but also the societal arrangements—NGOs, nonprofits, welfare offices, political platforms, academic circles—that are constituted around registers and through which registers have their powerful effects of connection (and separation) in specific historical moments. The examples, mostly from the politics of Hungary, surely have parallels elsewhere.
On Semiotic Ideology
Authors: Keane Webb
Published: January 2018

This article reviews the concept of semiotic ideology and its implications. Semiotic ideology refers to people’s underlying assumptions about what signs are, what functions signs serve, and what consequences they might produce. Those assumptions vary across social and historical contexts. But semiotic ideology as such is not a kind of false consciousness, nor is it something that some people have and others do not. Rather, semiotic ideology manifests the reflexivity that is inherent to the general human sign-using capacity. It ties general semiotic processes to specific judgments of ethical and political value: to take a sign a certain way is to take seriously the world it presupposes and, often, the life that that world recommends. Two examples show how attention to semiotic ideologies sheds light on the articulation of general semiotic processes with particular social, cultural, and political ones. The analysis of social class helps show some political implications of semiotic ideologies. Clashes over the status of religious signs reveal the ontological and ethical entailments of semiotic ideologies, in which the very existence of a sign’s object may be in dispute. Such ongoing semiotic processes help endow social existence with much of its constructive, uncertain, and conflictual character.
Open-source chemogenomic data-driven algorithms for predicting drug–target interactions
Authors: Hao Ming , Bryant Stephen H , Wang Yanli
Published: January 2018

While novel technologies such as high-throughput screening have advanced together with significant investment by pharmaceutical companies during the past decades, the success rate for drug development has not yet been improved prompting researchers looking for new strategies of drug discovery. Drug repositioning is a potential approach to solve this dilemma. However, experimental identification and validation of potential drug targets encoded by the human genome is both costly and time-consuming. Therefore, effective computational approaches have been proposed to facilitate drug repositioning, which have proved to be successful in drug discovery. Doubtlessly, the availability of open-accessible data from basic chemical biology research and the success of human genome sequencing are crucial to develop effective in silico drug repositioning methods allowing the identification of potential targets for existing drugs. In this work, we review several chemogenomic data-driven computational algorithms with source codes publicly accessible for predicting drug–target interactions (DTIs). We organize these algorithms by model properties and model evolutionary relationships. We re-implemented five representative algorithms in R programming language, and compared these algorithms by means of mean percentile ranking, a new recall-based evaluation metric in the DTI prediction research field. We anticipate that this review will be objective and helpful to researchers who would like to further improve existing algorithms or need to choose appropriate algorithms to infer potential DTIs in the projects. The source codes for DTI predictions are available at: https://github.com/minghao2016/chemogenomicAlg4DTIpred.
Evolutionary relationship between the cysteine and histidine rich domains (CHORDs) and Btk-type zinc fingers
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet , Subramanian Srikrishna
Published: January 2018

Cysteine and histidine rich domains (CHORDs), implicated in immunity and disease resistance signaling in plants, and in development and signal transduction in muscles and tumorigenesis in animals, are seen to have a cylindrical three-dimensional structure stabilized by the tetrahedral chelation of two zinc ions. CHORDs are regarded as novel zinc-binding domains and classified independently in Pfam and ECOD. Our sequence and structure analysis reveals that both the zinc-binding sites in CHORD possess a zinc ribbon fold and are likely related to each other by duplication and circular permutation. Interestingly, we also detect an evolutionary relationship between each of the CHORD zinc fingers (ZFs) and the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)-type ZF of the zinc ribbon fold group. Btk_ZF is found in eukaryotic Tec kinase family proteins that are also implicated in signaling pathways in several lineages of hematopoietic cells involved in mammalian immunity. Our analysis suggests that the unique zinc-stabilized fold seen only in the CHORD and Btk_ZFs likely emerged specifically in eukaryotes to mediate diverse signaling pathways.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EPS-LASSO: test for high-dimensional regression under extreme phenotype sampling of continuous traits
Authors: Xu Chao , Fang Jian , Shen Hui , Wang Yu-Ping , Deng Hong-Wen
Published: January 2018

Motivation

Extreme phenotype sampling (EPS) is a broadly-used design to identify candidate genetic factors contributing to the variation of quantitative traits. By enriching the signals in extreme phenotypic samples, EPS can boost the association power compared to random sampling. Most existing statistical methods for EPS examine the genetic factors individually, despite many quantitative traits have multiple genetic factors underlying their variation. It is desirable to model the joint effects of genetic factors, which may increase the power and identify novel quantitative trait loci under EPS. The joint analysis of genetic data in high-dimensional situations requires specialized techniques, e.g. the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Although there are extensive research and application related to LASSO, the statistical inference and testing for the sparse model under EPS remain unknown.

Results

We propose a novel sparse model (EPS-LASSO) with hypothesis test for high-dimensional regression under EPS based on a decorrelated score function. The comprehensive simulation shows EPS-LASSO outperforms existing methods with stable type I error and FDR control. EPS-LASSO can provide a consistent power for both low- and high-dimensional situations compared with the other methods dealing with high-dimensional situations. The power of EPS-LASSO is close to other low-dimensional methods when the causal effect sizes are small and is superior when the effects are large. Applying EPS-LASSO to a transcriptome-wide gene expression study for obesity reveals 10 significant body mass index associated genes. Our results indicate that EPS-LASSO is an effective method for EPS data analysis, which can account for correlated predictors.

Availability and implementation

The source code is available at https://github.com/xu1912/EPSLASSO.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TSAPA: identification of tissue-specific alternative polyadenylation sites in plants
Authors: Ji Guoli , Chen Moliang , Ye Wenbin , Zhu Sheng , Ye Congting , Su Yaru , Peng Haonan , Wu Xiaohui
Published: January 2018

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is now emerging as a widespread mechanism modulated tissue-specifically, which highlights the need to define tissue-specific poly(A) sites for profiling APA dynamics across tissues. We have developed an R package called TSAPA based on the machine learning model for identifying tissue-specific poly(A) sites in plants. A feature space including more than 200 features was assembled to specifically characterize poly(A) sites in plants. The classification model in TSAPA can be customized by selecting desirable features or classifiers. TSAPA is also capable of predicting tissue-specific poly(A) sites in unannotated intergenic regions. TSAPA will be a valuable addition to the community for studying dynamics of APA in plants.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/BMILAB/TSAPA

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
G2S: a web-service for annotating genomic variants on 3D protein structures
Authors: Wang Juexin , Sheridan Robert , Sumer S Onur , Schultz Nikolaus , Xu Dong , Gao Jianjiong
Published: January 2018

Motivation

Accurately mapping and annotating genomic locations on 3D protein structures is a key step in structure-based analysis of genomic variants detected by recent large-scale sequencing efforts. There are several mapping resources currently available, but none of them provides a web API (Application Programming Interface) that supports programmatic access.

Results

We present G2S, a real-time web API that provides automated mapping of genomic variants on 3D protein structures. G2S can align genomic locations of variants, protein locations, or protein sequences to protein structures and retrieve the mapped residues from structures. G2S API uses REST-inspired design and it can be used by various clients such as web browsers, command terminals, programming languages and other bioinformatics tools for bringing 3D structures into genomic variant analysis.

Availability and implementation

The webserver and source codes are freely available at https://g2s.genomenexus.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysis of cluster-randomized test-negative designs: cluster-level methods
Authors: Jewell Nicholas P , Dufault Suzanne , Cutcher Zoe , Simmons Cameron P , Anders Katherine L
Published: January 2018

Intervention trials of vector control methods often require community level randomization with appropriate inferential methods. For many interventions, the possibility of confounding due to the effects of health-care seeking behavior on disease ascertainment remains a concern. The test-negative design, a variant of the case-control method, was introduced to mitigate this issue in the assessment of the efficacy of influenza vaccination (measured at an individual level) on influenza infection. Here, we introduce a cluster-randomized test-negative design that includes randomization of the intervention at a group level. We propose several methods for estimation and inference regarding the relative risk (RR). The inferential methods considered are based on the randomization distribution induced by permuting intervention assignment across two sets of randomly selected clusters. The motivating example is a current study of the efficacy of randomized releases of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to reduce the incidence of dengue in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Estimation and inference techniques are assessed through a simulation study.
Toward Leveraging Human Connectomic Data in Large Consortia: Generalizability of fMRI-Based Brain Graphs Across Sites, Sessions, and Paradigms
Authors: Cao Hengyi , McEwen Sarah C , Forsyth Jennifer K , Gee Dylan G , Bearden Carrie E , Addington Jean , Goodyear Bradley , Cadenhead Kristin S , Mirzakhanian Heline , Cornblatt Barbara A , Carrión Ricardo E , Mathalon Daniel H , McGlashan Thomas H , Perkins Diana O , Belger Aysenil , Seidman Larry J , Thermenos Heidi , Tsuang Ming T , van Erp Theo G M , Walker Elaine F , Hamann Stephan , Anticevic Alan , Woods Scott W , Cannon Tyrone D
Published: January 2018

While graph theoretical modeling has dramatically advanced our understanding of complex brain systems, the feasibility of aggregating connectomic data in large imaging consortia remains unclear. Here, using a battery of cognitive, emotional and resting fMRI paradigms, we investigated the generalizability of functional connectomic measures across sites and sessions. Our results revealed overall fair to excellent reliability for a majority of measures during both rest and tasks, in particular for those quantifying connectivity strength, network segregation and network integration. Processing schemes such as node definition and global signal regression (GSR) significantly affected resulting reliability, with higher reliability detected for the Power atlas (vs. AAL atlas) and data without GSR. While network diagnostics for default-mode and sensori-motor systems were consistently reliable independently of paradigm, those for higher-order cognitive systems were reliable predominantly when challenged by task. In addition, based on our present sample and after accounting for observed reliability, satisfactory statistical power can be achieved in multisite research with sample size of approximately 250 when the effect size is moderate or larger. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the generalizability of brain functional graphs in large consortia, and encourage the aggregation of connectomic measures using multisite and multisession data.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Current and Modified World Health Organization Guidelines for the Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections
Authors: Farrell Sam H , Coffeng Luc E , Truscott James E , Werkman Marleen , Toor Jaspreet , de Vlas Sake J , Anderson Roy M
Published: January 2018

Background

Considerable efforts have been made to better understand the effectiveness of large-scale preventive chemotherapy therapy for the control of morbidity caused by infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs): Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the 2 hookworm species, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for STH control include mass drug administration (MDA) programs based on prevalence measurements, aiming at reducing morbidity in pre–school-aged children (pre-SAC) and school-aged children (SAC) by lowering the prevalence of moderate- to heavy-intensity infections to <1%.

Methods

We project the likely impact of following the current WHO guidelines and assess whether the WHO morbidity goals will be achieved across a range of transmission settings. We also investigate modifications that could be made to the current WHO treatment guidelines, and project their potential impacts in achieving morbidity and transmission control.

Results

While the standard guidelines are sufficient at low transmission levels, community-wide treatment (ie, involving pre-SAC, SAC, and adults) is essential if WHO morbidity goals are to be met in moderate- to high-transmission settings. Moreover, removing the recommendation of decreasing the treatment frequency at midline (5–6 years after the start of MDA) further improves the likelihood of achieving morbidity control in SAC.

Conclusions

We meld analyses based on 2 mathematical models of parasite transmission and control by MDA for the dominant STH species, to generate a unified treatment approach applicable across all settings, regardless of which STH infection is most common. We recommend clearly defined changes to the current WHO guidelines.
Between Papacy and Empire: Cardinal Henry Beaufort, the House of Lancaster, and the Hussite Crusades
Authors: Whelan Mark
Published: January 2018

Cardinal Henry Beaufort’s career as papal legate and anti-Hussite crusader was as scandalous as it was brief. Commanded in 1427 by Pope Martin V (1417–31) to spearhead Christendom’s efforts to extirpate the Hussite heresy in Bohemia, Beaufort eventually succeeded in raising a crusading army in England in the summer of 1429 with money from the papacy and the proceeds from taxation levied in the Holy Roman Empire. Beaufort then shocked contemporaries by taking his crusading army not to Bohemia, but instead to France, where it was deployed in support of Lancastrian ambitions. Current scholarship fails to make full sense of Beaufort’s career as anti-Hussite crusader because it has largely viewed it through the prism of Anglo-papal relations. This article will demonstrate that Beaufort’s crusading legation can be far better understood when situated in its contemporary continental context. Framing Beaufort’s career more carefully in the context of papal and imperial politics makes possible a fundamental reassessment of his crusading legation, and highlights hitherto unrecognised factors which pushed him to the fore of the efforts to crush Hussitism. A close study of the responses to Beaufort’s anti-Hussite efforts also points to the hope and concern he generated across Christendom, revealing how historians have underestimated the importance of Beaufort’s legation to the crusading movement in the fifteenth century and the interest which crusading legations could arouse among contemporaries.
The hand-loom weaver and the power loom: a Schumpeterian perspective†
Authors: Allen Robert C
Published: January 2018

The invention of the power loom was a response to the increase in supply of yarn in the 1780s. This led to an expansion of handloom weaving and a rise in earnings in the 1790s, thereby, creating the “golden age”. The high earnings increased the profitability of developing the power loom by raising the value of the labour that it saved. Consequently, less efficient—hence, cheaper to develop—power looms could be brought into commercial use than would have been the case had the golden age not occurred. The power loom, in turn, devalued the old skills, so poverty accompanied progress.
Reported theory use in walking interventions: a literature review and research agenda
Authors: Kadir Mohammad Abdul , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn
Published: January 2018

There is mixed evidence with some suggesting walking can be increased up to the recommended level through interventions based on behaviour change models and others showing partial or no effects [Arbour and Ginis (A randomised controlled trial of the effects of implementation intentions on women’s walking behaviour. Psychol Health, 2009;24:49–65); Merom et al. (Can a motivational intervention overcome an unsupportive environment for walking–findings from the Step-by-Step Study. Ann Behav Med 2009;38:137–46); Ornes and Ransdell (A pilot study examining exercise self-efficacy as a mediator for walking behavior in college-age women. Perceptual Motor Skills, 2010;110:1098–104)]. Taken together, prior studies suggest that ongoing research attention is warranted. Walking behaviour change intervention studies were searched using key search words ‘walking promotion’ and ‘pedometer’ in the PubMed database. Initially, 87 articles were found and 25 walking behaviour change interventions were reviewed to focus attention on reported theory use. Results of the review suggest that interventions that are theoretically underpinned may be no more effective than their counterparts. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and Social Cognitive Models were most frequently reported with positive effects noted for TTM use. The review also indicates that using single theory may be better than using multiple theories in a single intervention.
Ethics, effectiveness and population health information interventions: a Canadian analysis
Authors: Greyson Devon , Knight Rod , Shoveller Jean A
Published: January 2018

Population health information interventions (PHIIs) use information in efforts to promote health. PHIIs may push information to a target audience (communication), pull information from the public (surveillance), or combine both in a bidirectional intervention. Although PHIIs have often been framed as non-invasive and ethically innocuous, in reality they may be intrusive into people’s lives, affecting not only their health but their senses of security, respect, and self-determination. Ethical acceptability of PHIIs may have impacts on intervention effectiveness, potentially giving rise to unintended consequences. This article examines push, pull, and bidirectional PHIIs using empirical data from an ethnographic study of young mothers in Greater Vancouver, Canada. Data were collected from October 2013 to December 2014 via naturalistic observation and individual interviews with 37 young mothers ages 16-22. Transcribed interviews and field notes were analyzed using inductive qualitative thematic analysis. Both push and pull interventions were experienced as non-neutral by the target population, and implementation factors on a structural and individual scale affected intervention ethics and effectiveness. Based on our findings, we suggest that careful ethical consideration be applied to use of PHIIs as health promotion tools. Advancing the ‘ethics of PHIIs’ will benefit from empirical data that is informed by information and computer science theory and methods. Information technologies, digital health promotion services, and integrated surveillance programs reflect important areas for investigation in terms of their effects and ethics. Health promotion researchers, practitioners, and ethicists should explore these across contexts and populations.
UK consumer perceptions of a novel till-receipt ‘traffic-light’ nutrition system
Authors: Cole Matthew , Peek Hayden , Cowen Daniel
Published: January 2018

Front-of-pack (FoP) traffic light nutrition labelling has been widely proposed as a tool to improve public health nutrition. Current evidence suggests that whilst consumers generally find them to be useful and an important source of information about a particular food or ingredient, this may have limited value in isolation when considering a person’s overall nutritional intake. This study sought to examine UK consumers’ use of existing FoP traffic light food labelling and ascertain public perception of a novel ‘till-receipt’ summary providing nutritional information about consumers entire shopping purchases. In total, 237 respondents completed an online questionnaire between May and June 2016. Almost two-thirds were female (n = 152, 64.1%) and the largest proportion of responses were received from those aged 25–32 years (n = 53, 22.4%) and 41–50 years (n = 53, 22.4%). About 83.5% of respondents suggested that they currently use traffic light information to inform their food purchases and ‘health’ was reported as the most important factor influencing food choice (42.2%; n = 100). Notably, 54.4% of respondents indicated that the novel till-receipt system could provide a solution to the potential limitations of existing FoP labelling and could help inform healthier food purchases. Our findings strengthen the existing evidence base to suggest that traffic light information is a useful tool to aid consumer food purchases. Moreover, our outcomes propose that consumers may benefit from a new receipt-based traffic light system which provides a more holistic summary of their entire food purchases.
Billfishes in a changing world
Authors: Kerstetter David W , Schratwieser Jason
Published: January 2018

The 6th International Billfish Symposium (IBS) was held in September 2016 at the headquarters of the International Game Fish Association in Dania Beach, Florida (USA). In addition to providing a venue for presenting new research on istiophorid and xiphiid billfishes, the IBS’s objective was to highlight known uncertainties about the biology and fisheries of these species, particularly at the level of regional fisheries management organizations, such as the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). The 6th IBS was attended by 60 participants from seven countries, contributing a total of 34 oral and five poster presentations. One of the other goals of the IBS was to collectively develop a plan for future IBS events. The next IBS is tentatively scheduled for 2021. We summarize here the main outcomes of the 6th IBS and preface the articles presented at the symposium that are included in this article theme set.
Admitting a Coarse Embedding is Not Preserved Under Group Extensions
Authors: Arzhantseva Goulnara , Tessera Romain
Published: January 2018

We construct a finitely generated group which is an extension of two finitely generated groups coarsely embeddable into Hilbert space but which itself does not coarsely embed into Hilbert space. Our construction also provides a new infinite monster group: the first example of a finitely generated group that does not coarsely embed into Hilbert space and yet does not contain a weakly embedded expander.
Doppelgängers: Bijections of Plane Partitions
Authors: Hamaker Zachary , Patrias Rebecca , Pechenik Oliver , Williams Nathan
Published: January 2018

We say two posets are doppelgängers if they have the same number of P-partitions of each height k. We give a uniform framework for bijective proofs that posets are doppelgängers by synthesizing K-theoretic Schubert calculus techniques of H. Thomas and A. Yong with M. Haiman’s rectification bijection and an observation of R. Proctor. Geometrically, these bijections reflect the rational equivalence of certain subvarieties of minuscule flag manifolds. As a special case, we provide the 1st bijective proof of a 1983 theorem of R. Proctor—that plane partitions of height k in a rectangle are equinumerous with plane partitions of height k in a shifted trapezoid.
Zeta Functions of Discrete Self-similar Sets and Applications to Point Configuration and Sum–Product-Type Problems
Authors: Essouabri Driss , Lichtin Ben
Published: January 2018

In this paper we first prove analytical properties of zeta functions for discrete subsets of ${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$ that exhibit “self-similarity” with respect to an arbitrary finite set of (affine) similarities. We then show how such properties help solve Point Configuration resp. Sum–Product-Type problems over ${\mathbb{Z}}$. We do so by first extending a classic one-variable Tauberian theorem of Ingham to several variables to derive a nontrivial lower bound on the average of coefficients of an appropriate multivariate zeta function. We then combine this with well-known results from Diophantine Geometry that prove uniform bounds for the density of lattice points in families of algebraic hypersurfaces.
Better or Different? How Political Ideology Shapes Preferences for Differentiation in the Social Hierarchy
Authors: Ordabayeva Nailya , Fernandes Daniel
Published: January 2018

As consumers’ political opinions become more divided and more central to their identities, it is important to understand how political ideology shapes consumers’ attempts to differentiate from others in the marketplace. Seven studies demonstrate that political ideology systematically influences consumers’ preferences for differentiation. Conservative ideology leads consumers to differentiate from others vertically in the social hierarchy through products that signal that they are better than others, and liberal ideology leads consumers to differentiate from others horizontally in the social hierarchy through products that signal that they are unique from others. This happens because conservatism endorses, and liberalism opposes, the belief that the dominance-based hierarchical social structure is a legitimate mechanism to distinguish individual qualities. The effect is robust across measured and manipulated ideology, hypothetical and real product choices, and online searches in conservative and liberal US states. Manipulating consumers’ differentiation goals and perceptions of hierarchy legitimacy mitigates the effect. The findings advance existing research on political ideology, social hierarchy, and consumer divergence, and they contribute to marketing practice.
Introduction to the Unified Protocol
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 1 of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide introduces the treatment program, which is applicable to all anxiety and unipolar depressive disorders, and potentially other disorders with strong emotional components (e.g., eating disorders, borderline personality disorder). This introductory chapter lays out the advantages of a unified, transdiagnostic approach as well as the efficacy of the Unified Protocol (UP). The chapter concludes with an explanation of the purpose of the therapist guide, which gives mental health providers guidance on administration of the UP.
Module 4: Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 9 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide focuses on one very important component of emotional experiences: thoughts. Specifically, therapists will teach their patients to develop a greater awareness of how patient thoughts (or interpretations) influence their emotions, to learn to identify their negative thinking patterns, and to increase flexibility in interpreting different situations. The concepts introduced in this chapter are aimed to facilitate patients’ ability to approach emotion-provoking situations and respond to their emotions in more helpful, adaptive ways.
Putting It Into Practice—Emotion Exposures
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 11 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook explains what emotion exposures are and why they are so important. Facing strong emotions give us the opportunity to learn that (a) any uncomfortable emotions we feel are temporary—even without engaging in any avoidance, our negative emotions will eventually subside; (b) we can cope with negative emotions better than we thought; and (c) we can perform tasks and activities that are important to us even when experiencing strong emotions. The chapter teaches how to design effective emotion exposure exercises as well as to develop an emotion exposure hierarchy. We then repeatedly practice confronting strong emotions through emotion exposure exercises.
Human C-to-U Coding RNA Editing Is Largely Nonadaptive
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Jianzhi
Published: January 2018

C-to-U RNA editing enzymatically converts the base C to U in RNA molecules and could lead to nonsynonymous changes when occurring in coding regions. Hundreds to thousands of coding sites were recently found to be C-to-U edited or editable in humans, but the biological significance of this phenomenon is elusive. Here, we test the prevailing hypothesis that nonsynonymous editing is beneficial because it provides a means for tissue- or time-specific regulation of protein function that may be hard to accomplish by mutations due to pleiotropy. The adaptive hypothesis predicts that the fraction of sites edited and the median proportion of RNA molecules edited (i.e., editing level) are both higher for nonsynonymous than synonymous editing. However, our empirical observations are opposite to these predictions. Furthermore, the frequency of nonsynonymous editing, relative to that of synonymous editing, declines as genes become functionally more important or evolutionarily more constrained, and the nonsynonymous editing level at a site is negatively correlated with the evolutionary conservation of the site. Together, these findings refute the adaptive hypothesis; they instead indicate that the reported C-to-U coding RNA editing is mostly slightly deleterious or neutral, probably resulting from off-target activities of editing enzymes. Along with similar conclusions on the more prevalent A-to-I editing and m6A modification of coding RNAs, our study suggests that, at least in humans, most events of each type of posttranscriptional coding RNA modification likely manifest cellular errors rather than adaptations, demanding a paradigm shift in the research of posttranscriptional modification.
The employer response to the guaranteed annual income
Authors: Calnitsky David
Published: January 2018

How do firms react when the whole labor force has access to a guaranteed income? One view argues that the guaranteed income is an employer subsidy, facilitating low wages and a ‘low-road’ industrial strategy. The second view suggests that in providing an alternative to work, the guaranteed income tightens labor markets and pulls wages up. This article examines the impact of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment, or Mincome. This research focuses on Mincome’s ‘saturation’ site, the town of Dauphin, Manitoba, where all residents were eligible for unconditional payments. Using an archived survey of local firms that inquires into wage rates, applications, hiring, and work hours, I find support for the second view. I close by examining the mechanisms behind the employer subsidy argument and considering the conditions under which a variety of income-support policies might increase or decrease wages, and more broadly, foster compromise or conflict in the labor market.
Pyogenic granuloma
Authors: Said Joseph , Hoda Syed T. , Muhlrad Samantha
Published: January 2018

This article describes a patient whose cutaneous pyogenic granuloma was mistaken for infection after injury from a fractured smartphone screen. Clinicians should suspect pyogenic granuloma in patients with these types of injuries so that patients can avoid unnecessary procedures, antibiotics, and discomfort.
Comparing clinician use of three ankle fracture classifications
Authors: Cordova Christopher B. , Dunn John C. , Kusnezov Nicholas , Bader Julia M. , Waterman Brian R. , Orr Justin D.
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

This study evaluated the accuracy and interrater reliability of US Army physician assistants (PAs) in identifying ankle fracture patterns using existing classification schemes.

Methods:

Twenty-eight PAs reviewed criteria for stability, Danis-Weber, and Lauge-Hansen ankle fracture classification systems. Participants reviewed 45 ankle radiographs and independently rated each radiograph using these classification schemes.

Results:

Participants were able to successfully identify ankle fracture stability in 82.1% of cases (95% CI, 77.6, 86.6) with established criteria. Using the Danis-Weber classification, accurate classification was achieved in 77.8% of cases (95% CI, 72.8, 82.7). The Lauge-Hansen classification system was least reliable, with accuracy of 54.5% (95% CI, 46, 63).

Conclusion:

Referring PAs can reliably discern unstable ankle fractures in more than 80% of cases. Lauge-Hansen classification was significantly less accurate than the Danis-Weber system or criteria for stability. Good communication between orthopedic surgeons and PAs and an emphasis on PA orthopedic education can improve patient care.
Thoracic outlet syndrome presenting with subclavian vein thrombosis
Authors: Carpenetti Paige E. , Grosel John M.
Published: January 2018

Thoracic outlet syndrome can present with a wide variety of upper extremity neurovascular symptoms. Timely clinical recognition is essential for prompt treatment and maximal recovery. This article describes a case of thoracic outlet syndrome in a volleyball player with an underlying hypercoagulable state who presented with a subclavian vein thrombosis.
Involving Nursing Assistants in Nursing Home QI
Authors: Abrahamson Kathleen , Davila Heather , Hountz Diane
Published: January 2018

Staff engagement and input are crucial to project success.
The CDC Updates Guidelines for Congenital Zika
Authors: Stockwell Serena
Published: January 2018

New research shows most children with Zika present with only two of the four main symptoms.
Nurses Pass the Baton: Exit Baby Boomers, Enter Millennials
Authors: Sofer Dalia
Published: January 2018

Can this shifting workforce circumvent a nursing shortage?
Moving Closer to the 2020 BSN-Prepared Workforce Goal
Authors: Gerardi Tina , Farmer Pat , Hoffman Bryan
Published: January 2018

One of the recommendations of the landmark Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report was to increase the proportion of nurses with a bachelor of science in nursing or higher degree to 80% by 2020. In 2012, the American Organization of Nurse Executives was selected by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as the National Program Office for a new initiative—the Academic Progression in Nursing (APIN) program—with the goal of identifying and developing the most promising strategies for creating a more highly educated nursing workforce. This article discusses the findings of APIN's four-year project.
Excessive Dosing of Obeticholic Acid May Increase Risk of Liver Damage
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: January 2018

The Food and Drug Administration is warning that excessive dosing of obeticholic acid (Ocaliva) appears to increase the risk of liver damage and death.

Obeticholic acid is used in the treatment of a rare chronic liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis.
FDA Offers Educational Resources on Biosimilar and Interchangeable Products
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: January 2018

The Food and Drug Administration has created several online educational resources for health care professionals on biosimilar and interchangeable products.

These free resources can be used either for personal development or for patient education.
Caring for Aging Skin
Authors: Kirkland-Kyhn Holly , Zaratkiewicz Sunniva , Teleten Oleg , Young Heather M.
Published: January 2018

This article is part of a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups, conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project, supported evidence that family caregivers aren't given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aims to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's health care at home.

The articles in this new installment of the series provide simple and useful instructions that nurses should reinforce with family caregivers who perform wound care tasks. Each article also includes an informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—that contains links to instructional videos. To use this series, nurses should read the article first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers, and then encourage caregivers to watch the videos and ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses.
The ‘IT’ Nurse
Authors: Collins Amy M.
Published: January 2018

For more than 30 years, Judy Murphy has been a leader in nursing informatics.