bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heaviness of Alcohol Use, Alcohol Problems, and Subjective Intoxication Predict Discrepant Drinking Reports in Daily Life
Authors: Stevens Angela K. , Sokolovsky Alexander W. , Treloar Padovano Hayley , White Helene R. , Jackson Kristina M.
Published: June 2020

Background

Self‐reported consumption is pervasive in alcohol research, though retrospective recall bias is a concern. Fine‐grained methods are designed to limit retrospection; yet, discrepancies can arise when comparing responses on fine‐grained surveys with responses to retrospective surveys across weeks or months. Many fine‐grained studies use both repeated daily surveys (RDS) and end‐of‐day (EOD) summaries, but little research has examined whether these survey types are consistent. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude and directionality of discrepancy between EOD summaries and RDS and identify alcohol‐related predictors of discrepancy.

Methods

As a part of a larger study, college student alcohol and cannabis users (N = 341; 53% women; Mage = 19.79 years) were recruited to complete 56 days of data collection, including 5 daily assessments of their substance use and related constructs, one of which included an EOD summary of the previous day. Generalized linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine between‐ and within‐person predictors of a 5‐category, discrepancy outcome: no discrepancy, low discrepancy where RDS < EOD, low discrepancy where EOD < RDS, high discrepancy where RDS < EOD, and high discrepancy where EOD < RDS.

Results

Discrepancies between EOD and RDS were observed in both directions. Alcohol problems predicted more alcohol consumption reported on the EOD survey than across RDS. Within‐person alcohol quantity and hourly rate of consumption were most strongly related to less alcohol consumption reported on the EOD survey. Between‐ and within‐person peak subjective intoxication and within‐person liquor consumption were associated with discrepancies in both directions.

Conclusions

Surveys requiring more retrospection may overestimate alcohol consumption in problematic drinkers and underestimate consumption on days where more alcohol is consumed than typical. Evidence also suggests that greater day‐to‐day instability in alcohol behavior is linked to less consistent reporting overall. More research is needed to discern factors contributing to inconsistent reporting on fine‐grained surveys to maximize the validity of reports.
Between Will and Thought: Individualism and Social Responsiveness in Amazonian Child Rearing
Authors: Mezzenzana Francesca
Published: June 2020

This article provides an ethnographic account of how moral dispositions toward independence and social responsiveness are forged during infancy and toddlerhood among the Runa, an Indigenous people in the Ecuadorian Amazon. I show how two local concepts, munay (will) and yuyay (thought) shape children's early experiences of the self and the self in relation to others. In particular, I argue that, unlike middle‐class Anglo‐Americans who repute paternal responsiveness to be necessary for a “healthy” child development, Runa adults strategically chose not to respond to children's will in order to make them “thoughtful.” Such a state of thoughtfulness, I argue, emerges from socialization practices that stress a child's unique will while at the same time forcefully encouraging the development of social responsiveness. [child‐rearing, individuality, responsibility, attachment, indigenous Amazonia]
Programmed intermittent epidural bolus vs. patient‐controlled epidural analgesia for maintenance of labour analgesia: a two‐centre, double‐blind, randomised study†
Authors: Roofthooft E. , Barbé A. , Schildermans J. , Cromheecke S. , Devroe S. , Fieuws S. , Rex S. , Wong C. A. , Van de Velde M.
Published: June 2020

The programmed intermittent epidural bolus technique has shown superiority to continuous epidural infusion techniques, with or without patient‐controlled epidural analgesia for pain relief, reduced motor block and patient satisfaction. Many institutions still use patient‐controlled epidural analgesia without a background infusion, and a comparative study between programmed intermittent epidural bolus and patient‐controlled epidural analgesia without a background infusion has not yet been performed. We performed a randomised, two‐centre, double‐blind, controlled trial of these two techniques. The primary outcome was the incidence of breakthrough pain requiring a top‐up dose by an anaesthetist. Secondary outcomes included: motor block; pain scores; patient satisfaction; local anaesthetic consumption; and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We recruited 130 nulliparous women who received initial spinal analgesia, and then epidural analgesia was initiated and maintained with either programmed intermittent epidural bolus or patient‐controlled epidural analgesia using ropivacaine 0.12% with sufentanil 0.75 µg·ml‐1. The programmed intermittent epidural bolus group had a programmed bolus of 10 ml every hour, with on‐demand patient‐controlled epidural analgesia boluses of 5 ml with a 20 min lockout, and the patient‐controlled epidural analgesia group had a 5 ml bolus with a 12 min lockout interval; the potential maximum volume per hour was the same in both groups. The patients in the programmed intermittent epidural bolus group had less frequent breakthrough pain compared with the patient‐controlled epidural analgesia group, 7 (10.9%) vs. 38 (62.3%; p < 0.0001), respectively. There was a significant difference in motor block (modified Bromage score ≤ 4) frequency between groups, programmed intermittent epidural bolus group 1 (1.6%) vs. patient‐controlled epidural analgesia group 8 (13.1%); p = 0.015. The programmed intermittent epidural bolus group had greater local anaesthetic consumption with fewer patient‐controlled epidural analgesia boluses. Patient satisfaction scores and obstetric or neonatal outcomes were not different between groups. In conclusion, we found that a programmed intermittent epidural bolus technique using 10 ml programmed boluses and 5 ml patient‐controlled epidural analgesia boluses was superior to a patient‐controlled epidural analgesia technique using 5 ml boluses and no background infusion.
High‐speed visualization of ingested, ejected, adherent, and disintegrated thrombus in contemporary ventricular assist devices
Authors: Rowlands Grant W. , Antaki James F.
Published: June 2020

Biocompatibility of ventricular assist devices (VADs) has been steadily improving, yet the rate of neurological events remains unacceptably high. Recent speculation for elevated stroke rates centers on ingestion of thrombi originating upstream of the pump, such as in the ventricle or left atrial appendage. These thrombi may be ejected by the VAD or become deposited within the blood flow pathway, presenting serious complications to the patient. This study was performed to visualize and quantify the degree of disruption, adherence, and disintegration of thrombi that are ingested by the three most implanted VADs: the HeartMate II, HeartMate 3, and HVAD. Clot analogs of varying microstructure compositions (red, white) and sizes (0.5, 1, 2 cm3) were synthesized in vitro based on clinical explant data. These were introduced individually into an in vitro flow loop with a transparent replica of the HMII, HM3, and HVAD operated at nominal steady flow (2.3‐4.0 L/min). High‐speed videography (up to 10 000 fps) revealed the ingestion, disruption, ejection, and adherence of thrombus fragments. Thromboemboli of varying compositions and sizes were observed mechanically attaching to components in all 3 VAD models. In some instances, ingested thrombi physically obstructed portions of the blood flow path; 18% (3 of 17 total) of red thrombi adhered to the inflow straightener of the transparent HMII. In the HVAD model, fewer than 4% of clots were adherent or trapped within the pump, irrespective of microstructure or initial volume. In comparison, 100% (4 of 4 total) of 1‐cm3 white (fibrin) clots became lodged within the transparent HM3 while, in contrast, less than 5% of macerated red clots (3 of 63 total) of the same volume were adherent inside the pump. A significant proportion of ingested thrombi were macerated into infinitesimal fragments; 84% and 74% of 2‐cm3 red thrombi in the HVAD and HM3 models, respectively, were found to have disintegrated upon ingestion. However, large emboli were also discharged from both centrifugal VADs; these fragments, ranging from 0.01 to 0.29 cm3 regardless of microstructure and original volume, may be capable of occluding an intracranial vessel. Therefore, ingested thrombus may explain, in part, elevated stroke rates in contemporary blood pumps in the absence of adherent pump thrombosis.
Interactive Effects of Approach and Avoidance Job Crafting in Explaining Weekly Variations in Work Performance and Employability
Authors: Petrou Paraskevas , Xanthopoulou Despoina
Published: June 2020

Meta‐analyses on job crafting reveal that while approach‐oriented job crafting (e.g., increasing job resources or challenging job demands) relates positively to employee performance, avoidance‐oriented job crafting (e.g., decreasing hindering job demands) has either non‐significant or negative implications for employee functioning. However, the joint effects of approach and avoidance job crafting remain an underdeveloped area of research. We administered a three‐week diary survey among 87 employees to test interaction effects of approach and avoidance job crafting on employee (other‐referenced and past‐referenced) work performance and employability. Results revealed that decreasing hindering job demands related positively to other‐referenced performance when increasing social job resources was higher than employees’ average, and to past‐referenced performance when increasing structural job resources was higher than employees’ average. Also, decreasing hindering job demands related negatively with employability only at lower levels of increasing challenging job demands, while the relationship was non‐significant at higher levels of increasing challenging demands. These results indicate that considering job crafting strategies in tandem adds to our understanding of their role for employee functioning.
Letter: off‐label use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in inflammatory bowel disease—Authors’ reply
Authors: Simsek Melek , de Boer Nanne K. H.
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Simsek et al and Lansdorp et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15229 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15775.
Rethinking parenthood within assisted reproductive technology: The need for regulation in Nigeria
Authors: Egbokhare Olohikhuae O. , Akintola Simisola O.
Published: June 2020

In Nigeria, reproduction is highly valued, with many people desiring to produce a child ‘in their own image and likeness’. Previously, aspiring parents often resorted to adoption. Today, the availability of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) has provided options other than adoption for those desiring to procreate. Through ARTs, aspirations for a family may be attained through an exchange of reproductive goods and services, and not necessarily through traditional heterosexual relationships. ARTs have altered the perception of parenthood as it exists in Nigeria, and courts face a difficult task in defining parenthood within Nigerian jurisprudence, as they can only adjudicate based on extant law. Although ARTs provide greater individual choices for fulfilling the desire to procreate, they raise a number of ethical and legal issues that evolving legal systems, such as that in Nigeria, are ill‐equipped to manage. This paper describes the traditional assignment of parenthood under indigenous laws and other sources of law within the Nigerian jurisprudence. We carried out an in‐depth study of the Nigerian legislative framework and found that there are no laws directly regulating parenthood, procreation and ARTs in Nigeria. We also found that the extant laws are only tangentially related and do not answer the relevant questions sufficiently well, especially concerning succession, nationality and assignment of responsibility in collaborative reproduction. We conclude by highlighting the need for and recommending a regulatory framework on ARTs with a particular focus on providing a definition for parenthood achieved through ARTs in Nigeria.
Detection of endophenotypes associated with neuropsychiatric deficiencies in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Hsieh Christine Chin‐jung , Lo Yu‐Chun , Li Ssu‐Ju , Lin Ting‐Chun , Chang Ching‐Wen , Chen Ting‐Chieh , Yang Shih‐Hung , Lee Yi‐Chao , Chen You‐Yin
Published: June 2020

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare hereditary disease, which results from the mutation of either TSC1 or TSC2, and its clinical features include benign tumors and dysfunctions in numerous organs, including the brain. Many individuals with TSC manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as learning impairments, cognitive deficits and anxiety. Current pharmacological treatment for TSC is the use of mTOR inhibitors. However, they are not effective in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms. We previously used curcumin, a diet‐derived mTOR inhibitor, which possesses both anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, to improve learning and memory deficits in Tsc2+/− mice. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides microstructural information in brain tissue and has been used to study the neuropathological changes in TSC. In this study, we confirmed that the impaired recognition memory and increased anxiety‐like behavior in Tsc2+/− mice can be reversed by curcumin treatment. Second, we found altered fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus of the Tsc2+/− mice, which may indicate altered circuitry. Finally, the mTOR complex 1 hyperactivity was found in the cortex and hippocampus, coinciding with abnormal cortical myelination and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 of Tsc2+/− mice, both of which can be rescued with curcumin treatment. Overall, DTI is sensitive to the subtle alterations that cannot be detected by conventional imaging, suggesting that noninvasive DTI may be suitable for longitudinally monitoring the in vivo neuropathology associated with the neuropsychiatric symptoms in TSC, thereby facilitating future clinical trials of pharmacological treatments.
Supradetachment to rift basin transition recorded in continental to marine deposition; Paleogene Bandar Jissah Basin, NE Oman
Authors: Serck Christopher Sæbø , Braathen Alvar , Olaussen Snorre , Osmundsen Per Terje , Midtkandal Ivar , van Yperen Anna Elisabeth , Indrevær Kjetil
Published: June 2020

A transition from supradetachment to rift basin signature is recorded in the ~1,500 m thick succession of continental to shallow marine conglomerates, mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic shallow marine sediments and carbonate ramp deposits preserved in the Bandar Jissah Basin, located southeast of Muscat in the Sultanate of Oman. During deposition, isostatically‐driven uplift rotated the underlying Banurama Detachment and basin fill ~45° before both were cut by the steep Wadi Kabir Fault as the basin progressed to a rift‐style bathymetry that controlled sedimentary facies belts and growth packages. The upper Paleocene to lower Eocene Jafnayn Formation was deposited in a supradetachment basin controlled by the Banurama Detachment. Alluvial fan conglomerates sourced from the Semail Ophiolite and the Saih Hatat window overlie the ophiolitic substrate and display sedimentary transport directions parallel to tectonic transport in the Banurama Detachment. The continental strata grade into braidplain, mouth bar, shoreface and carbonate ramp deposits. Subsequent detachment‐related folding of the basin during deposition of the Eocene Rusayl and lower Seeb formations marks the early transition towards a rift‐style basin setting. The folding, which caused drainage diversion and is affiliated with sedimentary growth packages, coincided with uplift‐isostasy as the Banurama Detachment was abandoned and the steeper Marina, Yiti Beach and Wadi Kabir faults were activated. The upper Seeb Formation records the late transition to rift‐style basin phase, with fault‐controlled sedimentary growth packages and facies distributions. A predominance of carbonates over siliciclastic sediments resulted from increasing near‐fault accommodation, complemented by reduced sedimentary input from upland catchments. Hence, facies distributions in the Bandar Jissah Basin reflect the progression from detachment to rift‐style tectonics, adding to the understanding of post‐orogenic extensional basin systems.
Assessing climate change adaptation progress in Canada's protected areas
Authors: Barr Stephanie L. , Larson Brendon M. H. , Beechey Thomas J. , Scott Daniel J.
Published: June 2020

Climate change represents a new era for protected areas and biodiversity conservation. With the redistribution of species and unparalleled declines in biodiversity, business‐as‐usual practices are unlikely to be effective. Despite progress on many facets of establishing, protecting, and managing protected areas over the past century, some of which may help to lessen or slow the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, more targeted efforts need to be developed and implemented to address growing climate challenges. To assess progress on climate change adaptation, a survey was distributed to provincial, territorial, and federal governments as well as environmental non‐governmental organizations working in conservation in Canada (n = 49). Findings indicate that little progress has been made on adaptation in Canada's protected areas sector over the past decade, despite greater certainty about the impacts of climate change. Differences in monitoring, adaptation strategies, and key barriers exist across organizations. Importantly, the majority of organizations continue to report they lack capacity to address climate change issues affecting protected areas and face persistent barriers to implementing adaptation strategies. Recommendations to increase adaptation include enhancing knowledge mobilization, implementing a national adaptation strategy, and developing more flexible conservation objectives.
Patient‐reported outcomes after 10‐year follow‐up of intensive, multifactorial treatment in individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes: the ADDITION‐Europe trial
Authors: Dalsgaard E.‐M. , Sandbæk A. , Griffin S. J. , Rutten G. E. H. M. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. , Irving G. J. , Vos R. C. , Webb D. R. , Wareham N. J. , Witte D. R.
Published: June 2020

Aims

To present the longer‐term impact of multifactorial treatment of type 2 diabetes on self‐reported health status, diabetes‐specific quality of life, and diabetes treatment satisfaction at 10‐year follow up of the ADDITION‐Europe trial.

Methods

The ADDITION‐Europe trial enrolled 3057 individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes from four centres [Denmark, the UK (Cambridge and Leicester) and the Netherlands], between 2001 and 2006. Participants were randomized at general practice level to intensive treatment or to routine care . The trial ended in 2009 and a 10‐year follow‐up was performed at the end of 2014. We measured self‐reported health status (36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey and EQ‐5D), diabetes‐specific quality of life (Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire), and diabetes treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) at different time points during the study period. A mixed‐effects model was applied to estimate the effect of intensive treatment (intention‐to‐treat analyses) on patient‐reported outcome measures for each centre. Centre‐specific estimates were pooled using a fixed effects meta‐analysis.

Results

There was no difference in patient‐reported outcome measures between the routine care and intensive treatment arms in this 10‐year follow‐up study [EQ‐5D: –0.01 (95% CI –0.03, 0.01); Physical Composite Score (36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey): –0.27 (95% CI –1.11, 0.57), Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire: –0.01 (95% CI –0.11, 0.10); and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: –0.20 (95% CI –0.70, 0.29)].

Conclusions

Intensive, multifactorial treatment of individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes did not affect self‐reported health status, diabetes‐specific quality of life, or diabetes treatment satisfaction at 10‐year follow‐up compared to routine care.
Ortner’s syndrome due to large bilharzial pulmonary artery aneurysm
Authors: Abdelnabi Mahmoud , Eshak Nouran , Attia Ibrahim , Abdelkader Mahmoud , Saleh Yehia , Almaghraby Abdallah
Published: June 2020

Ortner's syndrome (cardiovocal syndrome) is a rare cause of unilateral vocal cord paralysis that results from compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve by enlarged vascular structures. Most commonly, it is caused by an enlarged left atrium, but other rare causes include ascending aortic aneurysm or pulmonary artery aneurysm. Although very rarely encountered nowadays, bilharziasis is still one of the main causes of pulmonary artery aneurysm in endemic areas. Hereby, we report a case of Ortner's syndrome due to a large pulmonary artery aneurysm in a woman with history of bilharziasis.
Automated quantification of mitral valve tenting volume in functional mitral regurgitation by three‐dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Hübscher Anne , Schwerg Marius , Hoffmann Saskia , Baldenhofer Gerd , Heupel Christian , Jasaityte Ruta , Kruck Sebastian , Stangl Karl , Dreger Henryk , Knebel Fabian
Published: June 2020

Background

Tenting of the mitral leaflets is a major pathophysiological factor contributing to functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). A novel software tool allows automated quantification of the tenting volume (TnV) by 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The aims of this study are to investigate the correlations of biometric patient characteristics with the TnV and whether a threshold value for the diagnosis of a moderate or severe FMR can be calculated for the TnV.

Methods

This explorative and hypothesis‐generating study analyzed the TnV of the mitral valve obtained by clinically indicated TEE. The mid‐systolic, threefold calculated and averaged TnV from 80 patients with no or mild FMR and 27 patients with moderate or severe FMR was determined using the TomTec 4D MV Assessment tool.

Results

The TnV correlated significantly with the body size (r = 0.341), the weight (r = 0.272), and the body surface area (r = 0.320). After the adjustment to the body size, a threshold value of 1.25 cm3/m was determined for the TnV by using a receiver‐operating characteristic curve. This value distinguished moderate to severe from none to mild FMR with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71%. The intra‐observer variability and inter‐observer variability were determined to be 0.96 and 0.85, respectively.

Conclusions

Automated assessment of TnV has the potential to support the diagnostic evaluation of FMR. Further studies are needed to validate this result, detect additional factors influencing the size of the TnV, and determine further thresholds for any degree of FMR.
Transoceanic dispersal of terrestrial species by debris rafting
Authors: Lindo Zoë
Published: June 2020

Rare, long‐distance dispersal events are a key process in generating and maintaining patterns in biological diversity and species distributions across space and time. The 9.0 magnitude earthquake that struck the eastern coast of Japan in 2011, and the subsequent 38 m high tsunami washed large amounts of shoreline debris into the Pacific Ocean that led to a large‐scale biological rafting event carrying nearly 300 marine species to the western shores of North America. Whether oceanic, trans‐Pacific dispersal via rafting generates long distance dispersal events for small, flightless, terrestrial species is unknown. By sampling beach debris associated with known hot‐spots of tsunami debris along the north and east shores of Graham Island, Haida Gwaii, Canada, I document significantly dissimilar invertebrate communities associated with tide‐line beach debris and the occurrence of several putative Japanese species of soil‐dwelling mites (Acari: Oribatida). Previous explanations of Haida Gwaii's unique flora and fauna have been attributed to a proximity to the Beringian land bridge and the accumulated evidence of near‐offshore glacial refugia during the last glacial period. However, my research also suggests that stochastic, trans‐Pacific rafting events contribute to the biodiversity and biogeography of soil communities on the west coast of North America.
Dissecting the cognitive phenotype of post‐stroke fatigue using computerized assessment and computational modeling of sustained attention
Authors: Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Alnæs Dag , Kolskår Knut K. , Richard Geneviève , Sanders Anne‐Marthe , Dørum Erlend S. , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Pedersen Mads L. , Tornås Sveinung , Nordvik Jan E. , Westlye Lars T.
Published: June 2020

Post‐stroke fatigue (PSF) is prevalent among stroke patients, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Many patients with PSF experience cognitive difficulties, but studies aiming to identify cognitive correlates of PSF have been largely inconclusive. With the aim of characterizing the relationship between subjective fatigue and attentional function, we collected behavioral data using the attention network test (ANT) and self‐reported fatigue scores using the fatigue severity scale (FSS) from 53 stroke patients. In order to evaluate the utility and added value of computational modeling for delineating specific underpinnings of response time (RT) distributions, we fitted a hierarchical drift diffusion model (hDDM) to the ANT data. Results revealed a relationship between fatigue and RT distributions. Specifically, there was a positive interaction between FSS score and elapsed time on RT. Group analyses suggested that patients without PSF increased speed during the course of the session, while patients with PSF did not. In line with the conventional analyses based on observed RT, the best fitting hDD model identified an interaction between elapsed time and fatigue on non‐decision time, suggesting an increase in time needed for stimulus encoding and response execution rather than cognitive information processing and evidence accumulation. These novel results demonstrate the significance of considering the sustained nature of effort when defining the cognitive phenotype of PSF, intuitively indicating that the cognitive phenotype of fatigue entails an increased vulnerability to sustained effort, and suggest that the use of computational approaches offers a further characterization of specific processes underlying behavioral differences.
Language anxiety and the online learner
Authors: Russell Victoria
Published: June 2020

Foreign language classroom anxiety is a construct that has been investigated since the 1980s, yet few studies have examined language anxiety in the context of the online learning environment. In this literature review, the following guiding questions were examined: (a) What is foreign language classroom anxiety? (b) What are the research findings on language anxiety among online learners? (c) What can instructors do to help alleviate their online students' perceived levels of language anxiety? In addition to an exploration of the guiding questions, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, which was developed by Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986), is described in detail as well as how language educators can use it as a tool in their own classrooms to measure their students' perceived language anxiety levels. The pedagogical implications include recommended techniques and interventions for helping online language learners feel less isolated, less anxious, and more connected to their teacher and to their peers. Given the large number of students who are currently engaged in online or remote language learning due to COVID‐19, it is important to consider how affective factors, such as anxiety, can impede learning outcomes. Furthermore, language educators and their students were required to transition rapidly to the online environment without sufficient time or preparation for it, which is an additional cause of stress for both students and instructors alike. The article concludes with suggestions for future research on online language anxiety.
Mind the gap: Advancing evolutionary approaches to regional development with progressive empirical strategies
Authors: Kedron Peter , F. Kogler Dieter , Rocchetta Silvia
Published: June 2020

Explaining the persistently uneven spatial patterns of development remains a central goal of economic geography and regional science. Recognizing that regional development is a process of ongoing change, many scholars now approach the topic from an evolutionary perspective that identifies knowledge recombination processes and institutions as key drivers of change. However, research has not yet fully integrated the various theoretical perspectives and empirical data streams that characterize evolutionary approaches. The present contribution identifies how an evolutionary approach centered on knowledge and institutions can be integrated with complementary forms of evidence gathered from a variety of sources to advance our understanding of regional development. Expanding and integrating the evidence base used to study regional change has important implications for making effective and responsive policy instruments.
Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma: clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis of eight cases
Authors: García‐Souto Fernando , Pereyra‐Rodriguez José Juan , Cabrera‐Perez Rocío , Durán‐Romero Antonio José , Escudero‐Ordoñez Jerónimo , Conejo‐Mir Julián
Published: June 2020

Background

Cutaneous carcinosarcoma is a rare biphasic tumor comprising malignant epithelial and heterologous mesenchymal elements. Data on the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of this tumor are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous carcinosarcoma.

Methods

A descriptive retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from Spain. We reviewed the records of eight patients with cutaneous carcinosarcoma who were diagnosed from 2009 to 2019.

Results

The mean patient age at diagnosis was 72.13 years (range 44–91 years), and there was a male predilection (6 cases). The most common site of cutaneous carcinosarcoma was the head and neck (5 cases). Carcinosarcomas demonstrated variable histopathological and immunohistochemical features. Follow‐up was available for 7–8 patients. There were two cases of local recurrence and one case of metastasis. Two patients died from the tumor during the entire follow‐up.

Conclusions

Although the number of cases in this study was limited, our results provide valuable insight into the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma.
Supporting people with an intellectual disability and dementia: A constructivist grounded theory study exploring care providers’ views and experiences in the UK
Authors: Herron Daniel Lee , Priest Helena M. , Read Sue
Published: June 2020

Background

There is a need to better understand the experiences and support needs of paid and family carers of people with an intellectual disability and dementia, and the role of Intellectual Disability Dementia Care Pathways (IDDCPs). This study explored the experiences of carers, and IDDCPs and other support structures within those experiences.

Methods

A constructivist grounded theory methodology was implemented. Data were obtained through 23 semi‐structured interviews with two family carers, eight paid carers and eight healthcare professionals.

Findings

The study's theory produced five interrelated categories: Impact of Dementia, Challenging the Diagnosis Process, Continuum of Support, Continuity and Continuum of Understanding.

Conclusions

Findings have demonstrated the importance of planning and supporting carers’ holistic needs; the role of an IDDCP in the post‐diagnostic support (or lack of it) for carers; and the importance of a timely diagnosis of dementia. Recommendations for practice are offered.
Age‐related difference of the association of cardiovascular risk factors with the cardio‐ankle vascular index in the Cardiovascular Prognostic Coupling Study in Japan (the Coupling Registry)
Authors: Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Hoshide Satoshi , Fujiwara Takeshi , Negishi Keita , Nishizawa Masafumi , Yamamoto Mitsuyoshi , Yamagiwa Kayo , Kawashima Akihiro , Yoshida Tetsuro , Nakazato Jun , Matsui Yoshio , Sekizuka Hiromitsu , Abe Hideyasu , Abe Yasuhisa , Fujita Yumiko , Sato Kei , Narita Keisuke , Tsuchiya Norihiro , Kubota Yoshiaki , Hashizume Toshikazu , Kario Kazuomi
Published: June 2020

The value of the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) increases with age. All large‐scale studies of the CAVI have investigated patients <80 years old. Thus, the clinical characteristics of high CAVI in patients aged 80 or more remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated (1) the CAVI in very elderly patients and (2) the determinants of a high CAVI in high‐risk patients, including very elderly patients. The Cardiovascular Prognostic Coupling Study in Japan (Coupling Registry) is a prospective observational study of Japanese outpatients with any cardiovascular risk factors. We enrolled 5109 patients from 30 institutions (average age 68.7 ± 11.4 years, 52.4% males). We investigated the determinants of the CAVI by separating the patients into three groups: 970 middle‐aged (<60 years), 3252 elderly (60‐79 years), and 887 very elderly (≥80 years) patients. The CAVI values of the males were significantly higher those of the females in all age groups (<60 years: 7.81 ± 1.11 vs. 7.38 ± 0.99, P < .001; 60‐79 years: 9.20 ± 1.29 vs. 8.66 ± 1.07, P < .001; ≥80 years: 10.26 ± 1.39 vs. 9.51 ± 1.12, P < .001). In all age groups, the CAVI of the patients with diabetes/glucose tolerance disorder was higher than that of the patients without diabetes/glucose tolerance disorder (<60 years: 7.82 ± 1.22 vs 7.58 ± 1.03, P = .002; 60‐79 years: 9.23 ± 1.20 vs 8.78 ± 1.19, P < .001; ≥80 years: 10.04 ± 1.24 vs 9.75 ± 1.32, P = .002). The determinants of the CAVI in these very elderly patients were age, male sex, low BMI, and mean blood pressure. Diabetes/glucose tolerance disorder and glucose were independently associated with the CAVI in the patients aged <60 years and 60‐79 years, but not in those aged ≥80 years after adjusting for other covariates.
Vipera snakebite in Europe: a systematic review of a neglected disease
Authors: Paolino G. , Di Nicola M.R. , Pontara A. , Didona D. , Moliterni E. , Mercuri S.R. , Grano M. , Borgianni N. , Kumar R. , Pampena R.
Published: June 2020

In 2009, snakebites were included in the list of the World Health Organization (WHO) neglected diseases. Dermatological literature lacks current and up‐to‐date articles about snakebites and their management, despite the fact that dermatologists, especially from rural hospitals, can be called into the emergency room to consult the management of suspected snakebites. In this systematic review, we highlighted the main clinical and laboratory aspects of snakebites from Vipera spp. in Europe, by reviewing 3574 studies initially retrieved from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Of these, 78 were finally included in the systematic review. We found that the most involved taxon was V. berus in 63.3% and the most involved anatomic site of the bite was the upper limbs 53.1% with fang marks reported in 90.5%. The mean age of the patients was 32.9 years, and bites were slightly more common among males (58.2%). A wound washing was performed in 86.9% of cases before the hospitalization. The most frequently reported grade of envenomation was G2 (42.2%). In addition to local dermatological symptoms (extended erythema, oedema, cutaneous necrosis, hives, purpura, petechiae, acute compartment syndrome), numerous systemic symptoms have also been reported, including fatigue (14.4%), pain (75.3%), fever (49.2%), direct anaphylactoid reaction (5.3%), anxiety (60.8%), cranial nerve neurotoxicity (14.8%), dysesthesia/paraesthesia (7.9%), vomiting (33.7%), abdominal pain (23.3%), diarrhoea (15.4%), dyspnoea (6.3%), proteinuria (10.6%) and haematuria (9.3%). Secondary infections were present in 3.5% and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 3.1% of cases, and fasciotomy was performed in 4.2% cases, while an amputation in 6.9%. Only 0.9% of patients died. Antivenom was administered in 3053 cases. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for robust multi‐centre randomized control trials, standardized protocol for snakebite management and antivenom administration across Europe and a National snakebite register for each European country.
Dermoscopy of genital diseases: a review
Authors: Lacarrubba F. , Borghi A. , Verzì A.E. , Corazza M. , Stinco G. , Micali G.
Published: June 2020

The male and female external genital regions are anatomical areas in which various types of skin disorders may occur. Although most of these conditions can be diagnosed by means of clinical examination and an accurate medical history, in most cases further investigations with time‐consuming and/or invasive procedures are needed in order to reach the correct diagnosis. Dermoscopy, as a modern non‐invasive tool, is able to better diagnose pigmented and non‐pigmented skin tumours along with various inflammatory and infectious skin and appendage disorders. The aim of this paper was to provide a review of the use of dermoscopy in genital disorders based on published data and to include personal experience gained from real life, focusing on any possible gender difference and whether disease mucosal/semimucosal dermoscopy features may differ from those observed on the skin. In conclusion, genital dermoscopy should always be considered during clinical inspection in order to enhance the diagnosis or to rule out those conditions that may look similar but that show a different dermoscopy pattern, thus narrowing down the differential diagnoses and avoiding unnecessary invasive investigations.
Comorbidities in pediatric alopecia areata
Authors: Conic R.Z. , Tamashunas N.L. , Damiani G. , Fabbrocini G. , Cantelli M. ,   Young Dermatologists Italian Network, Bergfeld W.F.
Published: June 2020

Background

Comorbidities are associated with higher health care costs, complex management, and poorer health outcomes. Identification and treatment of comorbid conditions in paediatric alopecia areata (AA) patients could provide an opportunity to improve health outcomes.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of comorbidities among paediatric patients with AA using a large de‐identified aggregated patient database.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study using aggregated health record data through April 1, 2019. Patients ≤18 years of age, with alopecia areata (n = 3510) and without alopecia areata (n = 8 310 710) were identified. The primary outcome was the prevalence of comorbidities among AA patients.

Results

Of the 8 314 220 paediatric patients, 3510 (1570 males and 1940 females) had a diagnosis of alopecia areata. The most common comorbidities included atopic dermatitis (17.4% vs. 2.2% controls, OR 9.2, 95% CI 8.55–10.18, P < 0.001), anaemia (7.7% vs. 2.4% controls, OR 3.4, 95% CI 3.06–3.92, P < 0.001), obesity (5.7% vs. 1.1% controls, OR 5.6, 95% CI 4.76–6.34, P < 0.001), vitamin D deficiency (5.1% vs. 0.4% controls, OR 14.7, 95% CI 13.5–18.1, P < 0.001), hypothyroidism (2.6% vs. 0.2% controls, OR 12, 95% CI 10.73–15.9, P < 0.001), vitiligo (1.4% vs. 0.04% controls, OR 32.2, 95% CI 24.01–42.1, P < 0.001), psoriasis (1.4% vs. 0.07% controls, OR 20.6, 95% CI 15.55–27.2, P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (1.4% vs. 0.2% controls, OR 5.9, 95% CI 4.4–7.7, P < 0.001), and depression (2.6% vs. 0.6% controls, OR 4.8, 95% CI 5.09–9.45, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Findings from this study suggest that children with AA are more likely to have certain autoimmune and metabolic disorders than the general paediatric population. Paediatric AA patients display a severe burden of autoimmune and metabolic diseases, thus in daily practice, dermatologists might consider multidisciplinary management in these patients.
Risk of connective tissue disease, morphoea and systemic vasculitis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Schneeweiss M.C. , Merola J.F. , Schneeweiss S. , Wyss R. , Rosmarin D.
Published: June 2020

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been associated with auto‐inflammatory conditions, yet the risk of developing connective tissue disease (CTD), morphoea and systemic vasculitis has not been well‐characterized.

Objectives

We sought to evaluate the risk of developing CTD, morphoea and systemic vasculitis in patients with HS.

Methods

Using claims data, we identified patients with HS and used 2 : 1 risk‐set sampling to identify patients without HS. Patients with existing CTD were excluded. Patient follow‐up lasted until first occurrence of the following events: the occurrence of outcome (i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, morphoea, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren’s Syndrome and systemic vasculitis), death, disenrolment or end of data stream. Hazard ratios (HR) of developing CTD, morphoea and systemic vasculitis were computed after 1 : 1 propensity score (PS) matching.

Results

After 2 : 1 risk‐set sampling, we identified 78 122 HS patients and 156 247 non‐HS comparators. The mean follow‐up was 540 days. After PS matching, HS patients had an increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus HR = 1.63 (1.31–2.03) and morphoea HR = 2.02 (1.32–3.11), compared to non‐HS patients. We did not observe an increased risk for systemic sclerosis HR = 0.90 (0.59–1.44), Sjogren’s Syndrome HR = 0.91 (0.73–1.14) or systemic vasculitis HR = 0.87 (0.64–1.20).

Conclusion

In this population‐based study, we observed an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematous and morphoea subsequent to a first‐recorded diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Color match of high translucency monolithic zirconia restorations with different thicknesses and backgrounds
Authors: Tabatabaian Farhad , Karimi Mandana , Namdari Mahshid
Published: June 2020

Objective

To assess the effects of ceramic thickness and background type on the color match of high translucency monolithic zirconia restorations.

Materials and Methods

Fifty A2 shade high translucency zirconia disk specimens with five different thicknesses (0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.4, 1.6 mm) were placed on 12 backgrounds: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B1, and B2 shade composite resin, A3 shade zirconia, nonprecious gold‐colored alloy, nickel‐chromium alloy, amalgam, and A2 and A3 shade tooth. Color measurements were performed to determine the specimens' CIELab values. CIEDE2000 formula was used to determine ΔE00 color differences between specimens and A2 VITA classical shade (target). The ΔE00 values were compared with perceptibility (0.8) and acceptability (1.8) thresholds to assess color matches. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni, and 1‐sample t tests (P < .05).

Results

Mean ΔE00 values ranged between 1.3 and 5.7. Ceramic thickness, background type, and their interaction significantly affected the ΔE00 (P < .001). Ceramic thicknesses of ≥1.1 mm with the A2 or A3 shade tooth background showed 0.8 < ΔE00 ≤ 1.8 producing acceptable color matches.

Conclusions

High translucency monolithic zirconia restorations with a minimum thickness of 1.1 mm on tooth backgrounds could create acceptable color matches; however, with other backgrounds tested, they could not.

Clinical Significance

Ceramic thickness and background type affect the color of high translucency monolithic zirconia restorations. A minimum zirconia thickness of 1.1 mm and normal color tooth structures, as a background, are essential for achieving the acceptable color match of these restorations.
Talk to Me: An Analysis of Statutes Regulating Police Interviews of Child Victims
Authors: Klein Michael , Dorsch Caitlin , Hemmens Craig
Published: June 2020

Children can be unreliable witnesses, and they are especially vulnerable to questionable interview practices. However, in some crimes like child sexual abuse, children may be the only person capable of providing testimonial evidence. States must balance the needs of bringing criminals who target children to justice and ensuring that due process is upheld to reduce the chances of false convictions. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has published a set best‐practices for the interviewing of children to achieve this balance. This article conducts a statutory analysis to determine if states are currently following the recommendations of the OJJDP.
MMPI‐2 and 16PF‐5 Personality Traits of Parents Involved in Personality Assessment
Authors: Gambetti Elisa , Zucchelli Micaela M. , Nori Raffaella , Giusberti Fiorella
Published: June 2020

The present study focused on both the MMPI‐2 scales and the 16PF‐5 primary and global factors, involving 213 individuals who were court‐ordered to undergo a personality assessment in neglect and/or abuse cases. Results showed a defensive approach to the assessment and specific psychological characteristics indicated by moderate range elevations in the MMPI‐2 clinical scales 4 and 6 and in the 16PF‐5 Tough‐Mindedness, and high scores of 16PF‐5 Self‐Control associated with low scores of PSY‐5 Disconstraint. Finally, this study revealed strong associations between MMPI‐2 PSY‐5 and 16PF‐5 global factors, offering a detailed picture of psychological functioning.
Very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: A nationwide survey
Authors: Kudo Takahiro , Arai Katsuhiro , Uchida Keiichi , Tajiri Hitoshi , Hokari Ryota , Suzuki Yasuo , Shimizu Toshiaki
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim

Very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease is defined as inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed before 6 years of age. Very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease has various differential diagnoses, including primary immunodeficiency disorders, and is known to be resistant to conventional treatment. Therefore, global attention is required to manage this challenging condition. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological survey of the number of patients, final diagnosis, and examinations performed to diagnose very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease in Japan.

Methods

A primary questionnaire about the number of very early‐onset bowel disease cases and its diagnosis was administered to 630 pediatric facilities nationwide in Japan. A secondary survey about the examinations performed to achieve diagnosis was sent to the facilities that responded to the first survey.

Results

The answering rate was 92.2% (581/630 facilities); 81 facilities had 225 very early‐onset bowel disease patients undergoing their care during the past 68 months. Twenty‐six patients (11.6%) were diagnosed with immunodeficiency‐associated inflammatory bowel disease. The answering rate of the secondary survey was 70.4% (57/81 facilities). Colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and small bowel imaging were performed for 99.4%, 67.5%, and 28.8% of patients, respectively. Genetic analysis was performed for 26.9% (43/160 patients) of patients, and 51.2% (22/43) of patients were diagnosed with immunodeficiency‐associated inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions

Approximately 40 patients are diagnosed yearly in Japan. Imaging studies, especially for small bowel lesions, can be challenging for this unique group of patients. However, a comprehensive approach including immunological and genetic analyses appears useful for diagnosing immunodeficiency‐associated inflammatory bowel disease.