bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Port service quality assessment using a ROPMIS modeling: seaports scenario in a Gulf country
Authors: Abdul Rahman Noorul Shaiful Fitri , Balasa Adela P. , Othman Mohammad Khairuddin , Alemu Abebe Ejigu
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aimed to assess the service quality of the main seaports in Oman, which were Sohar, Ad Duqm and Salalah. The aim was to come up with ways to enhance the port service quality (PSQ) in Oman so that it could align with the Sultanate of Oman Logistics Strategy (SOLS) 2040 goals and achieve excellent and efficient operations.

Design/methodology/approach

To evaluate the service quality level of the port operators, this paper used a descriptive research design with Resources, Outcome, Process, Management, Image/reputation and Social (ROPMIS) modelling.

Findings

The findings indicated that the overall PSQ rating was currently between “satisfactory” and “very satisfactory” levels. However, the study also found that by empowering resources, outcomes, processes, management, image and social responsibility aspects, the port operators could provide a “high” quality of service, making their seaport operations more effective and efficient.

Practical implications

The study offers recommendations for improving port services in Oman, including investment in modern seaports, upgrading infrastructure and facilities, ensuring safety and efficiency of cargo operations, meeting and exceeding customer expectations, adopting new technology and automation, hiring policies that attract diverse talents, implementing environmentally friendly practices and improving governance. Overall, this study contributes to the literature and managerial practices in PSQ aspects and its contribution to the SOLS 2040 in Oman.

Originality/value

The originality and novelty of this study lie in its comprehensive assessment of the service quality of Oman's ports and the identification of areas for improvement to achieve outstanding service levels.
Environmental heterogeneity modifies the link between personality and survival in fluctuating small mammal populations
Authors: Brehm Allison M. , Mortelliti Alessio
Published: December 2023

Despite numerous studies examining the fitness consequences of animal personalities, predictions concerning the relationship between personality and survival are not consistent with empirical observations. Theory predicts that individuals who are risky (i.e. bold, active and aggressive) should have higher rates of mortality; however, empirical evidence shows high levels of variation in behaviour–survival relationships in wild populations.

We suggest that this mismatch between predictions under theory and empirical observations results from environmental contingencies that drive heterogeneity in selection. This uncertainty may constrain any universal directional relationships between personality traits and survival. Specifically, we hypothesize that spatiotemporal fluctuations in perceived risk that arise from variability in refuge abundance and competitor density alter the relationship between personality traits and survival.

In a large‐scale manipulative experiment, we trapped four small mammal species in five subsequent years across six forest stands treated with different management practices in Maine, United States. Stands all occur within the same experimental forest but contain varying amounts of refuge and small mammal densities fluctuate over time and space. We quantified the effects of habitat structure and competitor density on the relationship between personality traits and survival to assess whether directional relationships differed depending on environmental contingencies.

In the two most abundant species, deer mice and southern red‐backed voles, risky behaviours (i.e. higher aggression and boldness) predicted apparent monthly survival probability. Mice that were more aggressive (less docile) had higher survival. Voles that were bolder (less timid) had higher survival, but in the risky forest stands only. Additionally, traits associated with stress coping and de‐arousal increased survival probability in both species at high small mammal density but decreased survival at low density. In the two less abundant study species, there was no evidence for an effect of personality traits on survival.

Our field experiment provides partial support for our hypothesis: that spatiotemporal fluctuations in refuge abundance and competitor density alter the relationship between personality traits and survival. Our findings also suggest that behaviours associated with stress coping and de‐arousal may be subject to density‐dependent selection and should be further assessed and incorporated into theory.
The Effect of Foreign Divestment on Subsequent Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Spatial and Temporal Dispersion of Prior Divestment Experience
Authors: Batsakis Georgios , Mohr Alexander , Konara Palitha , Koritos Christos
Published: December 2023

Previous research has stressed the importance of the relationship between foreign divestment and subsequent firm performance. Yet, controversy remains, as some authors suggest that foreign divestment has a positive effect on firm performance, and others propose that foreign divestment has negative performance effects. To help reconcile this controversy, we first explicate existing arguments and argue that in the context of retail (de‐)internationalisation, foreign divestment will have a predominantly negative effect on retailers’ financial performance. We then draw on organisational learning theory to argue that this negative performance effect of foreign divestment is contingent on (a) the spatial dispersion of previously divested foreign operations (i.e. the extent of geographical diversity of the foreign divestments the multinational enterprise [MNE] has conducted over a specified period of time), and (b) the temporal dispersion of previously divested foreign operations (i.e. the time between prior divestment episodes). Drawing on a panel of some of the largest retail MNEs over the 20‐year period 1997–2016, we find that foreign divestment has a negative effect on retailers’ subsequent performance. Our results also indicate that the negative performance effect of foreign divestment is effectively mitigated by retailers’ prior divestment experience in spatially diverse and temporally dispersed settings.
Covert hepatic encephalopathy is associated with aggressive disease progression and poor survival in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Jian , Deng Ming Jie , Shi Pei Mei , Peng Yu , Wang Xiao Hang , Tan Wei , Wang Pei Qin , Chen Yue Xiang , Yuan Zong Li , Ning Bei Fang , Xie Wei Fen , Yin Chuan
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) negatively affects the health‐related quality of life and increases the risk of overt HE (OHE) in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the impact of CHE on long‐term patient outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the association between CHE and disease progression and survival among cirrhotic patients.

Methods

This was a single‐center prospective study that enrolled 132 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, with an average follow‐up period of 45.02 ± 23.06 months. CHE was diagnosed using the validated Chinese standardized psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score.

Results

CHE was detected in 35.61% cirrhotic patients. During the follow‐up, patients with CHE had a higher risk of developing OHE (log‐rank 5.840, P = 0.016), exacerbation of ascites (log‐rank 4.789, P = 0.029), and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (log‐rank 8.738, P = 0.003). Cox multivariate regression analyses revealed that CHE was independently associated with the occurrence of OHE, exacerbation of ascites, and PVT. Furthermore, patients with progression of cirrhosis were more likely to be diagnosed as CHE (log‐rank 4.462, P = 0.035). At the end of the follow‐up, patients with CHE had a lower survival rate compared to those without CHE (log‐rank 8.151, P = 0.004). CHE diagnosis (hazard ratio 2.530, P = 0.008), together with elder age and higher Child–Pugh score, were risk factors for impaired survival in cirrhotic patients.

Conclusion

CHE is associated with disease progression and poor survival in patients with cirrhosis, indicating that CHE may serve as an independent predictor of poor prognosis among these patients.
Development of web‐based hydrograph analysis tool considering seasonality and flow condition
Authors: Yang Dongseok , Lee Seoro , Kim Jonggun , Kim Seongjoon , Engel Bernard , Lim Kyoungjae
Published: December 2023

Baseflow was proven to be the most unpredictable component of streamflow through various research. However, the recent method for estimating baseflow is due to the development of theoretical and computational techniques. This paper attempted to develop a fully automated baseflow separation system based on a recursive digital filter with an optimization algorithm for the single separation. Most of the previous baseflow separation methods use a single set of a parameter and BFImax (the maximum value of baseflow index), which can underestimate or overestimate the baseflow; however, the system developed in this study estimates multiple optimized a parameters using seasonality and flow conditions and uses them for BFImax calculation and baseflow separation. This system derived baseflow results in better understanding of watershed and streamflow tendency characteristics. This study developed a Web‐based Hydrograph Analysis Tool 2020 with a user‐friendly interface and new separation method regarding the seasonality and flow conditions with a fully automated python module to optimize a parameters and BFImax. The application to the two area show diverse parameter sets and different baseflow according to seasonality and flow conditions representing the flow characteristics. This study could be a fundamental tool for detailed watershed management decisions regarding water security in the dry season or environmental water for aquatic ecosystems.
A probabilistic approach to characterize the joint occurrence of two extreme precipitation indices in the upper Midwestern United States
Authors: Khan Manas , Chen Liang , Markus Momcilo , Bhattarai Rabin
Published: December 2023

Extreme precipitation‐related hazards like flash floods pose a widespread risk to humans and infrastructure around the world. In the current study, the Fisher information was applied to understand the nonstationarity of the extreme precipitation regimes, whereas copula was used to quantify the likelihood of joint occurrence of two extreme precipitation indices and associated risk assessment in the upper Midwestern United States (UMUS). The trend analysis revealed an increasing trend in 37% of the stations in heavy precipitation amount in the UMUS. The regime shift analysis showed the non‐stationary nature of extreme precipitation in about half of the total stations in UMUS. Further, the bivariate analysis using copula demonstrated the risk of the joint occurrence of extreme precipitation indices potentially causing flash floods. The risk index analysis indicated about 28.8% of stations under moderate, 10.6% of stations under high and 0.4% of stations under very high risk of flash flooding. The results from the study can provide important insights for the (re)design of resilient and sustainable water infrastructure in the changing climate condition and can also inform managers and planners for better response and preparedness toward extreme precipitation‐related hazards in this region. The results from this study can also help in a more accurate risk assessment, especially in the socio‐economically vulnerable community.
High‐quality haplotype‐resolved genome assembly for ring‐cup oak (Quercus glauca) provides insight into oaks demographic dynamics
Authors: Luo Chang‐Sha , Li Tian‐Tian , Jiang Xiao‐Long , Song Ying , Fan Ting‐Ting , Shen Xiang‐Bao , Yi Rong , Ao Xiao‐Ping , Xu Gang‐Biao , Deng Min
Published: December 2023

Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis represents a dominant woody lineage in East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests. Regardless of its ecological and economic importance, little is known about the genomes of species in this unique oak lineage. Quercus glauca is one of the most widespread tree species in the section Cyclobalanopsis. In this study, a high‐quality haplotype‐resolved reference genome was assembled for Q. glauca from PacBio HiFi and Hi‐C reads. The genome size, contig N50, and scaffold N50 measured 902.88, 7.60, and 69.28 Mb, respectively, for haplotype1, and 913.28, 7.20, and 71.53 Mb, respectively, for haplotype2. A total of 37,457 and 38,311 protein‐coding genes were predicted in haplotype1 and haplotype2, respectively. Homologous chromosomes in the Q. glauca genome had excellent gene pair collinearity. The number of R‐genes in Q. glauca was similar to most East Asian oaks but less than oak species from Europe and America. Abundant structural variation in the Q. glauca genome could contribute to environmental stress tolerance in Q. glauca. Sections Cyclobalanopsis and Cerris diverged in the Oligocene, in agreement with fossil records for section Cyclobalanopsis, which document its presence in East Asia since the early Miocene. The demographic dynamics of closely related oak species were largely similar. The high‐quality reference genome provided here for the most widespread species in section Cyclobalanopsis will serve as an essential genomic resource for evolutionary studies of key oak lineages while also supporting studies of interspecific introgression, local adaptation, and speciation in oaks.
Seasonal changes in herd size and time budget of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) in southern Namibia
Authors: Cunningham Peter Low , Cunningham Peter Low
Published: December 2023

Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) is an understudied species with a dearth of scientific work having been conducted, especially so for the Nama‐Karoo vegetation type, in southern Namibia. We studied variations in herd composition and time budget of springbok by direct observations during a dry and wet season in southern Namibia and found significant differences (p < 0.001) in mean herd size between the dry and wet seasons. Herd size decreased from early morning to late afternoon during the dry season (p = 0.037) but not the wet season (p = 0.362). Springbok spent more time browsing during the dry season compared to the wet season (p < 0.001) when they spent more time grazing (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the time springbok spent walking between the two seasons (p = 0.181). Other energy‐intensive activities such as grooming and running increased during the wet season (p < 0.001) due to favourable environmental conditions, breeding season and possibly an increase in parasite load.
Preliminary study of Dent's monkey (Cercopithecus denti) living in a forest fragment in Rwanda, highlighting dietary flexibility in guenons
Authors: Clark Ambrosine , Kaplin Beth A.
Published: December 2023

Cercopithecus monkeys are a species‐rich genus generally considered arboreal frugivores with widespread distribution in sub‐Saharan African forests. We studied a largely undocumented species threatened by habitat fragmentation, Cercopithecus denti, during 3 months in 2017 in a small forest fragment of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. C. denti's diet was composed of about 58% leaves and 18% fruits. They spent most of their time 10–20 m above ground in secondary forest and open areas. This first systematic study of C. denti shows capacity for a highly folivorous diet, supporting arguments that Cercopithecus have flexible diets, likely enabling persistence in forest fragments.
EUFOREA/EPOS2020 statement on the clinical considerations for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps care
Authors: Hellings Peter W. , Alobid Isam , Anselmo‐Lima Wilma T. , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel , Bjermer Leif , Caulley Lisa , Chaker Adam , Constantinidis Jannis , Conti Diego M. , De Corso Eugenio , Desrosiers Martin , Diamant Zuzana , Gevaert Philippe , Han Joseph K. , Heffler Enrico , Hopkins Claire , Landis Basile N. , Lourenco Olga , Lund Valerie , Luong Amber U. , Mullol Joaquim , Peters Anju , Philpott Carl , Reitsma Sietze , Ryan Dermot , Scadding Glenis , Senior Brent , Tomazic Peter Valentin , Toskala Elina , Van Zele Thibaut , Viskens An‐Sofie , Wagenmann Martin , Fokkens W. J.
Published: December 2023

Following the European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA) treatment algorithm for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), patients suffering from severe uncontrolled CRSwNP are recommended to receive oral corticosteroids, (revision) sinus surgery, systemic biologicals and/or aspirin treatment after desensitization (ATAD). Given the major differences in indications, outcomes, practical considerations, risks and costs of these key pillars of treatment, there is a growing need to define criteria for each treatment option and list the clinically relevant and major considerations for them. This EUFOREA document therefore provides an expert panel overview of the expected outcomes, specific considerations and (contra)indications of the five major treatment arms of severe uncontrolled CRSwNP: oral corticosteroids, primary and revision sinus surgery, biological treatment and ATAD. This overview of treatment considerations is needed to allow physicians and patients to consider the different options in the context of providing optimal and personalized care for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP. In conclusion, the five major treatment options for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP have intrinsic advantages, specific indications and considerations that are of importance to the patient, the physician and the society. This EUFOREA statement supports the unmet need to define criteria for the indication of every treatment pillar of CRSwNP.
The relationship between pH of pH‐model beef and impedance measured using touch‐type electrodes
Authors: Igarashi Akari , Muramoto Takayuki
Published: December 2023

Meat pH affects its color, texture, and water‐holding capacity; however, a method for nondestructively distinguishing high‐pH from normal‐pH meat is unknown. We investigated the method of preparing an extensive pH‐model of beef immersed in different pH buffers and the relationship between pH of the pH‐model beef and impedance, measured using touch‐type electrodes. The results showed that a model beef of pH 4.91–6.39 could be obtained when a beef steak (pH 5.68) was immersed in a solution of pH 4.0–7.0. In addition, we found a significant negative correlation between immersion pH and drip loss, and between immersion pH and impedance measured at 50 kHz (P < 0.01). These results provide an estimation equation (y = −16.5x + 195.3) that can be used to nondestructively determine the pH (x) of pH‐model beef by measuring its impedance (y) using touch‐type electrodes at 50 kHz (P < 0.01). Hence, the study shows the possibility of nondestructively estimating the pH of pH model beef by measuring impedance using touch‐type electrodes.
The impact of sound and immersive experience on learners when using virtual reality and tablet: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Kaplan‐Rakowski Regina , Cockerham Deborah , Ferdig Richard E.
Published: December 2023

Multisensory‐rich VR experiences, which encompass visual, auditory, and haptic stimuli, have the potential to enhance engagement, motivation, and learning. However, extensive sensory stimuli could also compromise learning through sensory overload. In museum settings, visitors who are inundated with excessive stimuli such as unrelated background music or competing visual options may not experience optimal learning. This mixed‐methods study addressed this potential problem by exploring the impact of sound on learning, enjoyment, sense of presence, and the development of interest among museum attendees (N = 255) who used two different types of technology: high‐immersion VR or a tablet. Results from a one‐way MANOVA revealed that learning and sense of presence were unaffected by the technology used unless sound was added. Using a tablet with sound lowered the sense of presence. Participants in the VR condition with or without sound had significantly higher enjoyment scores than those in either tablet condition. The development of interest was not significantly affected by any condition, regardless of whether sound was used. The research findings have implications for implementing VR for learning in museum settings. For instance, VR can enhance a sense of presence in museum exhibits, but a sense of presence may be significantly diminished when museum visitors use tablets with sound. Additional recommendations for the use of multimodal VR in museums are provided.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

VR can support an immersive and engaging experience for users.

VR is more immersive than tablets.

When designed effectively, sound can increase immersion and engagement.

When integrated into the visual environment, sound can add authenticity to the learning content.

VR can complement museum exhibits as it allows museum visitors to extend their learning experiences.

What this paper adds

VR enriched with sound can significantly and positively impact sense of presence.

Compared with a soundless VR exhibition, VR enriched with sound enhances engagement of museum visitors by drawing their attention to the content of the exhibits.

VR with and without sound can support learning and add enjoyment to museum visitor experiences.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Developers interested in adding sound to VR should ensure that the visual and auditory experiences are directly related to the desired content delivery.

Museum exhibit creators and curators should consider the use of VR to provide dynamic learning experiences that increase enjoyment and presence.
Identifying and managing disturbance‐stimulated flammability in woody ecosystems
Authors: Lindenmayer David , Zylstra Phil
Published: December 2023

Many forest types globally have been subject to an increase in the frequency of, and area burnt by, high‐severity wildfire. Here we explore the role that previous disturbance has played in increasing the extent and severity of subsequent forest fires. We summarise evidence documenting and explaining the mechanisms underpinning a pulse of flammability that may follow disturbances such as fire, logging, clearing or windthrow (a process we term disturbance‐stimulated flammability). Disturbance sometimes initiates a short initial period of low flammability, but then drives an extended period of increased flammability as vegetation regrows. Our analysis initially focuses on well‐documented cases in Australia, but we also discuss where these pattens may apply elsewhere, including in the Northern Hemisphere. We outline the mechanisms by which disturbance drives flammability through disrupting the ecological controls that limit it in undisturbed forests. We then develop and test a conceptual model to aid prediction of woody vegetation communities where such patterns of disturbance‐stimulated flammability may occur. We discuss the interaction of ecological controls with climate change, which is driving larger and more severe fires. We also explore the current state of knowledge around the point where disturbed, fire‐prone stands are sufficiently widespread in landscapes that they may promote spatial contagion of high‐severity wildfire that overwhelms any reduction in fire spread offered by less‐flammable stands.

We discuss how land managers might deal with the major challenges that changes in landscape cover and altered fire regimes may have created. This is especially pertinent in landscapes now dominated by extensive areas of young forest regenerating after logging, regrowing following broadscale fire including prescribed burning, or regenerating following agricultural land abandonment.

Where disturbance is found to stimulate flammability, then key management actions should consider the long‐term benefits of: (i) limiting disturbance‐based management like logging or burning that creates young forests and triggers understorey development; (ii) protecting young forests from disturbances and assisting them to transition to an older, less‐flammable state; and (iii) reinforcing the fire‐inhibitory properties of older, less‐flammable stands through methods for rapid fire detection and suppression.
Cumulative ecological risk and nonsuicidal self‐injury in adolescents: The mediation of depression and the moderation of impulsiveness
Authors: Liu Shuangjin , Qi Qi , Zeng Zihao , Hu Yiqiu
Published: December 2023

Background

This study is based on the biosocial model of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), to explore the effects of cumulative ecological risk on adolescents' NSSI, the mediating effect of depression between cumulative ecological risk and adolescents' NSSI, and the moderating role of impulsiveness in this mediating pathway.

Methods

A total of 16 508 adolescents, with 7903 males (47.9%), participated in the study and completed the Cumulative Ecological Risk Questionnaire, the Short Form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Impulsiveness assessment, and the Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Scale.

Results

(1) There was a significant positive correlation between cumulative ecological risk, depression, impulsiveness, and NSSI; (2) cumulative ecological risk significantly predicted adolescents' NSSI; (3) depression had a mediating effect between cumulative ecological risk and adolescents' NSSI; and (4) impulsiveness moderated both the effects of cumulative ecological risk on adolescents' depression and NSSI and the effects of depression on NSSI in adolescents.

Conclusions

Impulsiveness and depression are risk factors for adolescent NSSI and play a crucial role between cumulative ecological risk and NSSI in adolescents.
A hybrid approach for portfolio construction: Combing two‐stage ensemble forecasting model with portfolio optimization
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Zinuo , Jia Lifen
Published: December 2023

Combining the stock prediction with portfolio optimization can improve the performance of the portfolio construction. In this article, we propose a novel portfolio construction approach by utilizing a two‐stage ensemble model to forecast stock prices and combining the forecasting results with the portfolio optimization. To be specific, there are two phases in the approach: stock prediction and portfolio optimization. The stock prediction has two stages. In the first stage, three neural networks, that is, multilayer perceptron (MLP), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and long short‐term memory (LSTM) are used to integrate the forecasting results of four individual models, that is, LSTM, GRU, deep multilayer perceptron (DMLP), and random forest (RF). In the second stage, the time‐varying weight ordinary least square model (OLS) is utilized to combine the first‐stage forecasting results to obtain the ultimate forecasting results, and then the stocks having a better potential return on investment are chosen. In the portfolio optimization, a diversified mean‐variance with forecasting model named DMVF is proposed, in which an average predictive error term is considered to obtain excess returns, and a 2‐norm cost function is introduced to diversify the portfolio. Using the historical data from the Shanghai stock exchange as the study sample, the results of the experiments indicate the DMVF model with two‐stage ensemble prediction outperforms benchmarks in terms of return and return‐risk characteristics.
Utilization of aquapheresis among hospitalized patients with end‐stage liver disease: A case series and literature review
Authors: Crismale James F. , Kim Tonia , Schiano Thomas D.
Published: December 2023

Third‐spacing of fluid is a common complication in hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis. In addition to ascites, patients with advanced cirrhosis may develop significant peripheral edema, which may limit mobility and exacerbate debility and muscle wasting. Concomitant kidney failure and cardiac dysfunction may lead to worsening hypervolemia, which may ultimately result in pulmonary edema and respiratory compromise. Diuretic use in such patients may be limited by kidney dysfunction and electrolyte abnormalities, including hyponatremia and hypokalemia. A slow, continuous form of ultrafiltration known as aquapheresis is a method of extracorporeal fluid removal whereby a pump generates a transmembrane pressure that forces an isotonic ultrafiltrate across a semipermeable membrane. This leads to removal of an ultrafiltrate that is isotonic to blood without the need for dialysate or replacement fluid as is necessary in other forms of continuous kidney replacement therapy. This technique has been utilized in other conditions including acute decompensated heart failure, with trials showing mixed, but generally favorable results. Herein, we present a series of our own experience using aquapheresis among patients with cirrhosis, review the literature regarding its use in other hypervolemic states, and discuss how we may apply lessons learned from use of aquapheresis in heart failure to patients with end‐stage liver disease.
No drug–drug interactions between selective prolyl‐tRNA synthetase inhibitor, bersiporocin, and pirfenidone or nintedanib in healthy participants
Authors: Shin Wonsuk , Park Min Young , Kim Jongwoo , Kim Jihyeon , Nam Jun Hee , Choi Jongwon , Yang A‐Young , Yoo Hyounggyoon , Lee Yil‐Seob , Kim Anhye
Published: December 2023

Bersiporocin, a potent and selective prolyl‐tRNA synthetase inhibitor, is expected to show a synergistic effect with pirfenidone or nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To validate the combination therapy of bersiporocin with pirfenidone or nintedanib, a randomized, open‐label, two‐part, one‐sequence, three‐period, three‐treatment study was designed to evaluate the effect of drug–drug interactions (DDI) regarding their pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability in healthy participants. In addition, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the newly formulated, enteric‐coated bersiporocin tablet were evaluated after single and multiple administrations. The potential effects of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotyping on bersiporocin pharmacokinetics and DDI were also explored. In Part 1, participants were sequentially administered a single dose of pirfenidone 600 mg, a single dose of bersiporocin 150 mg followed by multiple doses, and bersiporocin in combination with pirfenidone. In Part 2, participants were sequentially administered a single dose of nintedanib 150 mg, multiple doses of bersiporocin 150 mg, and bersiporocin in combination with nintedanib. Forty‐six participants completed the study. There was no significant pharmacokinetic DDI between bersiporocin, and pirfenidone or nintedanib. All adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate and did not include serious AEs, suggesting bersiporocin alone or in combination therapy were well‐tolerated. The newly formulated bersiporocin 150 mg tablet showed a moderate accumulation index. There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic profiles after administration of bersiporocin alone or in combination therapy between CYP2D6 phenotypes. In conclusion, there are no significant DDI regarding the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of bersiporocin administration with pirfenidone or nintedanib.
Effects of erosion and abrasion on resin‐matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials: An in vitro investigation
Authors: Reidelbach Cosima , Swoboda Michael , Spraul Mathias , Vach Kirstin , Patzelt Sebastian B. M. , Hellwig Elmar , Polydorou Olga
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of erosion and abrasion on resin‐matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials [CERASMART (GC); VITA ENAMIC (VITA Zahnfabrik); Lava Ultimate (3 M)] in comparison to feldspar ceramic (VITABLOCS Mark II, VITA Zahnfabrik) and resin composite materials (ceram.x universal, Dentsply Sirona). Daily brushing and acid exposure were simulated using a brushing apparatus and a solution of 0.5 vol% citric acid. Microhardness, surface roughness, and substance loss were measured at baseline and after simulation of 1 and 3 years of function. All materials showed a decrease in microhardness after 3 years and an increase in surface roughness (Ra) after 1 and 3 years. The Ra increase was statistically significantly lower for the resin‐matrix ceramics than for feldspar ceramic and similar to composite material. After 3 years, only feldspar ceramic showed no significant substance loss. In conclusion, resin‐matrix ceramics demonstrate reduced roughening compared to feldspar ceramics, potentially improving restoration longevity by preventing plaque buildup, but differences in abrasion resistance suggest the need for further material‐specific research. Future research should aim to replicate clinical conditions closely and to transition to in vivo trials.
Circular RNA‐circLRP6 protects cardiomyocyte from hypoxia‐induced apoptosis by facilitating hnRNPM‐mediated expression of FGF‐9
Authors: Ding Wei , Ding Lin , Lu Yijian , Sun Weihan , Wang Yu , Wang Jianxun , Gao Yufang , Li Mengyang
Published: December 2023

Coronary atherosclerosis‐induced myocardial ischemia leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The regulatory mechanisms for cardiomyocyte apoptosis have not been fully understood. Circular RNAs are non‐coding RNAs which play important roles in heart function maintenance and progression of heart diseases by regulating gene transcription and protein translation. Here, we reported a conserved cardiac circular RNA, which is generated from the second exon of LRP6 and named circLRP62‐2. CircLRP62‐2 can protect cardiomyocyte from hypoxia‐induced apoptosis. The expression of circLRP62‐2 in cardiomyocytes was down‐regulated under hypoxia, while forced expression of circLRP62‐2 inhibited cell apoptosis. Normally, circLRP62‐2 was mainly localized in the nucleus. Under hypoxia, circLRP62‐2 is associated with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM) to be translocated into the cytoplasm. It recruited hnRNPM to fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) mRNA to enhance the expression of FGF9 protein, promoting hypoxia‐adaption and viability of cardiomyocytes. In summary, this study uncovers a new inhibitor of apoptosis and reveals a novel anti‐apoptotic pathway composed of circLRP62‐2, hnRNPM, and FGF9, which may provide therapeutic targets for coronary heart disease and ischemic myocardial injury.
Age‐related change in gait efficacy and predictors of its decline: A 3‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Sato Yu , Taniguchi Masashi , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Okada Shogo , Wang Zimin , Nakazato Kaede , Niiya Nanami , Yamada Yosuke , Kimura Misaka , Ichihashi Noriaki
Published: December 2023

Aim

This study aimed to calculate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for a modified Gait Efficacy Scale (mGES) over 3 years and to clarify the predictors of mGES decline.

Methods

In total, 87 community‐dwelling older adults were enrolled in this 3‐year longitudinal study. The mGES, fall history and physical function (chair stand frequency, open‐eyes one‐leg stand, open–close stepping test, walking speed, walking endurance [shuttle stamina walk test] and physical activity) were assessed at baseline. After a 3‐year follow‐up period, the mGES and Global Rating of Change Scale were assessed. The MCID was calculated using anchor‐based methods, with the Global Rating of Change Scale as an anchor. The participants were classified into the decline and keep groups based on whether the changes in the mGES were greater than the MCID. A logistic regression analysis was conducted using the mGES as the dependent variable and physical characteristics, fall history, and physical function as independent variables.

Results

The MCID for the mGES over 3 years was −7.38 points. A logistic regression analysis identified low open–close stepping (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.782–0.985; P = 0.027) and the shuttle stamina walk test (odds ratio, 0.974; 95% confidence interval, 0.949–1.000; P = 0.049) as predictors of the mGES decline.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that a change of 7.38 points in the mGES was clinically significant and that poor agility and walking endurance can predict future decline in the mGES. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 90–94.
Making hybrid work for diverse staff in higher education: A behaviour change approach
Authors: Gutman Leslie Morrison , Perowne Rachel , Younas Fatima , O'Hanrachtaigh Eanna
Published: December 2023

Despite being considered the ‘new normal’ for many workers since the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a dearth of applied research on hybrid working, especially in the context of inclusivity. This study uses the Behaviour Change Wheel to examine barriers, which hinder, and enablers, which help, to support hybrid working after the COVID‐19 pandemic and then identifies intervention strategies for its improvement. Data included 36 open‐ended questionnaires and 20 interviews from diverse (gender, sexual and ethnic identities; age; job role/grade scale; caregiving responsibilities and disability status) academic and professional staff at a large UK public research university, collected in May–July 2022. Barriers included the lack of technological skills, lack of clarity and application of the hybrid working policy, childcare and travel issues, no suitable space and equipment, managers' lack of understanding of specific needs, feeling lonely and isolated, and fears and uncertainty. Enablers included self‐management skills, purposeful office days, positive feelings, work/life balance, productivity and support from others. Issues related to equity and inclusivity were highlighted based on disability status, caregiving responsibilities, age and job role. Strategies are offered to improve hybrid working, such as training, organisational infrastructure and practices and policies to enable a collaborative, cooperative and inclusive hybrid work environment.
Effect of Tm2O3 on the properties of corundum‐mullite composite ceramics for solar heat transmission pipelines
Authors: Liu Zhenying , Xie Nan , Zhang Hanxin , Huang Shouwu , Wang Kai , Wang Qiaoyuan , Xue Changguo , Zhu Hongzheng , Li Jianjun , Liu Yin , Zhao Xiaoqing
Published: December 2023

Corundum‐mullite composite ceramics appropriate for application in solar heat transmission pipelines were fabricated by the addition of Tm2O3 and sintered at atmospheric pressure. The results demonstrated that with the introduction of Tm2O3 (1–7 wt.%), the physical and mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and thermal shock resistance of the composite ceramics were significantly enhanced. The sintered sample AT5 (with 5 wt.% of Tm2O3 added) showed the best overall performance at 1550°C. The residual bending strength remained higher than 186 MPa after corrosion with 20 wt.% H2SO4 solution and 10 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction of Tm2O3 with the Al2O3–SiO2 system produced the Tm2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 liquid phase. This liquid phase eliminated the pores through viscous flow, resulting in a dense microstructure. Furthermore, more mullite and dithulium disilicate were generated after thermal shock cycles, and their inhibition of crack deflection and extension allowed the composite ceramics to achieve excellent thermal shock resistance (residual bending strength as high as 199 MPa). The prepared corundum‐mullite composite ceramics have a good potential for application in solar heat transmission pipelines.
Performance of established disease severity scores in predicting severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with influenza—FluSurv‐NET, 2017–2018
Authors: Doyle Joshua D. , Garg Shikha , O'Halloran Alissa C. , Grant Lauren , Anderson Evan J. , Openo Kyle P. , Alden Nisha B. , Herlihy Rachel , Meek James , Yousey‐Hindes Kimberly , Monroe Maya L. , Kim Sue , Lynfield Ruth , McMahon Melissa , Muse Alison , Spina Nancy , Irizarry Lourdes , Torres Salina , Bennett Nancy M. , Gaitan Maria A. , Hill Mary , Cummings Charisse N. , Reed Carrie , Schaffner William , Talbot H. Keipp , Self Wesley H. , Williams Derek
Published: December 2023

Background

Influenza is a substantial cause of annual morbidity and mortality; however, correctly identifying those patients at increased risk for severe disease is often challenging. Several severity indices have been developed; however, these scores have not been validated for use in patients with influenza. We evaluated the discrimination of three clinical disease severity scores in predicting severe influenza‐associated outcomes.

Methods

We used data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network to assess outcomes of patients hospitalized with influenza in the United States during the 2017–2018 influenza season. We computed patient scores at admission for three widely used disease severity scores: CURB‐65, Quick Sepsis‐Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). We then grouped patients with severe outcomes into four severity tiers, ranging from ICU admission to death, and calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each severity index in predicting these tiers of severe outcomes.

Results

Among 8252 patients included in this study, we found that all tested severity scores had higher discrimination for more severe outcomes, including death, and poorer discrimination for less severe outcomes, such as ICU admission. We observed the highest discrimination for PSI against in‐hospital mortality, at 0.78.

Conclusions

We observed low to moderate discrimination of all three scores in predicting severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with influenza. Given the substantial annual burden of influenza disease in the United States, identifying a prediction index for severe outcomes in adults requiring hospitalization with influenza would be beneficial for patient triage and clinical decision‐making.
Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in the elderly with diabetic foot ulcers: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhang Liya , Lin Yuanmei , Huang Xiuxian , Zhai Zhenwei , Wei Rongyan , Mo Jiacheng , Li Junjun , Lu Wensheng
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore the association between metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and ulcer recurrence risk in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) through an ambispective longitudinal cohort. From December 2013 to December 2022, a total of 482 inpatients with DFUs (PEDIS grade 3 and above with a severe infection) were eligible for inclusion in this study. This was an ambispective longitudinal cohort study. All participants were followed up every 6 months for 9 years with a median of 36 months. According to whether having MAFLD or not, all subjects were placed into two groups: non‐MAFLD (n = 351) and MAFLD (n = 131). The association between MAFLD and ulcer recurrence in patients with DFUs was then evaluated through multivariate Cox regression analysis, stratified analyses and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Throughout the follow‐up period, out of 482 subjects with DFUs, 68 had ulcer recurrence (14.1%). Three Cox regression models were established for data analyses. In the model I (unadjusted), MAFLD was significantly associated with the ulcer recurrence rate in patients with DFUs (HR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.097–2.92; p = 0.02). Model II (adjusted model I with gender and age) (HR = 1.781; 95% CI = 1.09–2.912; p = 0.021) and model III (adjusted model II with CVD, duration of diabetes and Cr.) (HR = 1.743; 95% CI = 1.065–2.855; p = 0.027) also showed that MAFLD was significantly related to the ulcer recurrence risk in patients with DFUs, respectively. Stratified analysis indicated that subjects aged ≥60 had a greater risk of ulcer recurrence in MAFLD than in non‐MAFLD (HR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.268–4.206; p = 0.006). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that ulcer recurrence rate had a significant association with MAFLD (log‐rank, p = 0.018). This study indicated a close association between ulcer recurrence risk and MAFLD in patients with DFUs, especially in the elderly (aged ≥60). Therefore, special attention should be paid to the elderly with both DFUs and MAFLD because they have a higher ulcer recurrence rate than other general populations in routine clinical practice.
Reliable focal and rotational activations in CARTOFINDER mapping using the OctaRay catheter
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Aizawa Takanori , Yamano Saki , Naka Misaki , Bao Bingyuan , Hojo Shun , Tezuka Yuji , Nakatsuma Kenji , Matsuda Shintaro , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The aim of the current study was to elucidated the reliable atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers identified by CARTOFINDER using OctaRay catheter.

Methods and Results

The reliability of focal and rotational activations identified by CARTOFINDER using OctaRay catheter was assessed by the sequential recordings in each site of both atrium before and after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in 10 persistent AF patients. The outcome measures were the reproducibility rate during the sequential recordings and the stability rate between pre‐ and post‐PVI as reliable focal and rotational activations. The study results were compared with those under use of PentaRay catheter (N = 18). Total 68928 points of 360 sites in OctaRay group and 24 177 points of 311 sites in PentaRay were assessed. More focal activation sites were identified in OctaRay group than PentaRay group (7.9% vs. 5.7%, p < .001), although the reproducibility rate and the stability rate were significantly lower in OctaRay group (45.3% vs. 58.9%, p < .001; 11.2% vs. 28.4%, p < .001). Meanwhile, the prevalence of reproducible focal activation sites among overall points was comparable (3.6% vs. 3.3%, p = .08). Regarding rotational activation, more rotational activation sites were identified in OctaRay group (5.1% vs. 0.2%, p < .001), and the reproducibility rate and the stability rate were significantly higher in OctaRay group (45.2% and 12.5% vs. 0.0%, p < .001). Both reliable focal and rotational activation sites were characterized by significantly shorter AF‐cycle length (CL) and higher repetition of focal and rotational activations during the recordings compared with the sites of non or unreliable focal and rotational activations.

Conclusion

In CARTOFINDER, OctaRay catheter could identify reliable focal activation with high resolution and reliable rotational activation compared with PentaRay catheter. The repetitive focal and rotational activations with short AF‐CL could be the potential target during ablation.
Macrophages enhance cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer through the transfer of circTEX2
Authors: Qu Bing , Liu Jiasheng , Peng Zhiyang , Xiao Zhe , Li Shijun , Wu Jianguo , Li Shengbo , Luo Jianfei
Published: December 2023

Cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is often used in advanced gastric cancer (GC) treatment, yet resistance to cisplatin may lead to treatment failure. Mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance remain unclear. Recent evidence highlighted the role of macrophages in cancer chemoresistance. Macrophage‐derived exosomes were shown to facilitate intercellular communication. Here, we investigated the cisplatin resistance mechanism based on macrophage‐derived exosomes in gastric cancer. Cell growth and apoptosis detection experiments revealed that M2‐polarized macrophages increased the resistance of GC cells to cisplatin. qRT‐PCR, RNAase R assay, actinomycin D assay and cell nucleo‐cytoplasmic separation experiments confirmed the existence of circTEX2 in macrophage cytoplasm, with a higher expression level in M2 macrophages than that in M1 macrophages. Further experiments showed that circTEX2 acted as microRNA sponges for miR‐145 and regulated the expression of ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 1 (ABCC1). Inhibition of the circTEX2/miR‐145/ABCC1 axis blocked the cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer induced by M2 macrophages, as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, our research suggests that the exosomal transfer of M2 macrophage‐derived circTEX2 enhances cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer through miR‐145/ABCC1. Additionally, communication between macrophages and cancer cells via exosomes may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cisplatin‐resistant gastric cancer.