bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Resource Profile: The Danish National Hospital Medicine Register
Authors: Andersen Michael Asger , Jensen Thomas Leth , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The Danish National Hospital Medicine Register (SMR) was established in 2018 to centralize and standardize medication use data across Danish hospitals. This task was previously managed by individual hospital registration systems across the five regions. This initiative addresses the need for a unified, detailed understanding of hospital medication use to monitor healthcare delivery, improve patient outcomes, and support research.

Methods

The SMR has comprehensive coverage of medication use in hospitals in Denmark, offering a national overview that was previously missing. It features high‐quality data, with efforts to ensure completeness and accuracy. The data collected encompasses key categories such as types of medications, doses, administration times and practices, and specific treatment indications. The SMR facilitates collaboration among Danish regional health authorities and national health agencies, enhancing decision‐making and planning across the regions.

Results

The establishment of the SMR has provided a centralized and standardized database for medication use across Danish hospitals. This unification replaces the previously fragmented systems, allowing for better monitoring of healthcare delivery and supporting improvements in patient outcomes and research.

Conclusion

The upcoming version of the SMR will include data on dispensed outpatient medications, covering most medication use across all hospitals. This expansion will further enhance the register's utility for health authorities, clinicians, and researchers by providing a more comprehensive understanding of medication use in Denmark.
Climatic Specific Energy Rating Analysis of Outdoor PV Field Data
Authors: Lyubenova Teodora S. , Medina Ismael , Dunlop Ewan D.
Published: November 2024

The IEC 61853 standard series define the Climatic Specific Energy Rating (CSER), which can be used within the photovoltaic (PV) community as a reliable and accurate tool to differentiate between PV modules performance for different reference climates. The CSER is assumed to represent the expected PV device operation under real‐world conditions. The rating model combines a set of measurements on modules with a numerical approach. So far, research has mainly focused on the implementation of algorithms to determine the input parameters and to calculate the CSER values based on indoor measurement performance data. There is lack of information and technical specification how to obtain these parameters from outdoor PV field data in natural sunlight. In the present study, we first estimated the CSER parameter (according to IEC 61853‐3) for a PV module tested indoor using input values measured or defined according to IEC 61853‐1&2 with associated measurement uncertainties. Then, we analysed long‐term outdoor field data of the same device for a period of 36 consecutive months in order to understand how the length and seasonality of the data acquisition period impacts the reliability of irradiance and temperature power matrix values, particularly in relation to CSER calculations. Uncertainties estimations for the outdoor procedure have been also defined for rating accuracy. The PV outdoor performance has been validated against its indoor counterpart. The results concluded that a period of 9 or 12 months provides a good compromise between accuracy, time and cost‐effectiveness. The time period may be reduced to 6 months if the meteorological conditions are sufficiently diverse in this time frame. The study might raise worthwhile discussion regarding the revision of the IEC 61853‐1 for determining the (G‐T) matrix of PV modules from outdoor measurements under natural sunlight. It could enhance important insights to the PV community since the CSER parameter may become a compulsory requirement for each PV module produced, imported or sold in Europe if the potential European Union (EU) Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Regulation will be implemented.
Psoas muscle index in sarcopenia following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Li Tongqiang , Wang Ze , Liu Yang , Dai Liguo , Zhu Xiaoli , Liu Jiacheng , Guo Qikun , Luo Weijie , Bai Yaowei , Luo Wei , Chu Menglan , Feng Duiping , Xiong Bin
Published: November 2024

Aims

Although the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra (L3‐SMI) is commonly utilized for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, the psoas muscle index at L3 (L3‐PMI) may serve as a reliable alternative indicator. This study aims to investigate the application of the PMI in patients who have undergone transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Methods

This study included a cohort of 406 patients with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS between February 2016 and July 2022 across three medical centers in China. Clinical and imaging data, specifically L3‐SMI and L3‐PMI, were collected for these patients. The prognosis of the patients was assessed through re‐examinations and telephone follow‐ups, which extended up to 5 years. The diagnostic thresholds for sarcopenia, as defined by L3‐PMI and L3‐SMI, were established at 6.36 or 42.00 cm²/m² for males and 3.92 or 38.00 cm²/m² for females, respectively. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) analyses were employed to evaluate patient survival.

Results

The findings indicated that both L3‐PMI and L3‐SMI before TIPS were independent risk factors for mortality. The results of the paired t‐test demonstrated a significant increase in L3‐PMI 1 month post‐TIPS (5.11 ± 1.81 vs. 5.71 ± 1.90 cm²/m², p < 0.001), whereas L3‐SMI did not exhibit a significant increase until 6 months post‐TIPS (45.45 ± 9.41 vs. 48.59 ± 10.38 cm²/m², p < 0.001). Among these patients, 191 (47.0%) and 159 (39.2%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the L3‐PMI and L3‐SMI models, respectively. Patients identified as sarcopenic by both indicators demonstrated a significantly lower survival rate (L3‐SMI model: hazard ratio [HR], 1.913; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.094–3.410; log‐rank p = 0.020; L3‐PMI model: HR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.059–3.290; log‐rank p = 0.030). In sarcopenic patients, the reversal of sarcopenia associated with improved survival occurred 1 month after TIPS in the L3‐PMI model (HR, 2.675; 95% CI, 1.245–5.735; log‐rank p = 0.012), while a similar effect was not observed until 6 months post‐TIPS in the L3‐SMI model (HR, 3.342; 95% CI, 1.477–7.560; log‐rank p = 0.004).

Conclusions

L3‐PMI and L3‐SMI demonstrate comparable efficacy in diagnosing cirrhosis‐related sarcopenia. Furthermore, L3‐PMI has the capacity to identify improvements in sarcopenia as early as 1 month following TIPS, thereby providing earlier insights into patient survival outcomes.
Synthesis of Ferrocene‐Containing Schiff Bases Based on 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Oligomers for Covalent Modification of Glass Surfaces and Creation of Soft Magnetic Materials
Authors: Dvorikova Raisa , Markova Galy , Shulgin Anton , Komarova Ludmila , Baranov Oleg , Shchetinin Igor , Bagrov Dmitry , Buzin Mikhail , Klemenkova Zinaida , Mezhuev Yaroslav
Published: November 2024

A ferrocene‐containing oligoorganosiloxane with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 8.8 and a number‐average molecular weight of 3200 is synthesized by hydrolytic condensation of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane followed by chemical modification of the resulting oligomer with acetylferrocene. Its structure is characterized by MALDI‐TOF, NMR and IR spectroscopy. 1H NMR spectroscopy shows the predominance of more thermodynamically stable units containing anti‐configuration Schiff bases. Using IR spectroscopy as well as experimental determination of surface energy and its polar (acid–base) and dispersion components, the covalent immobilization of ferrocene‐containing oligoorganosiloxane on a glass surface after heating at 110°C is shown. The formed coating provides hydrophobization, acid–base indifference of the glass surface and serves as a precursor for the formation of magnetically soft materials after pyrolysis in argon already at 350°C. The main stages of ferrocene‐containing oligoorganosiloxane thermal destruction in an inert atmosphere and the formation of a mixture of iron and silicon oxides during its thermal oxidative destruction are established by combination of TGA/DTA, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The proposed approach opens up new possibilities for functionalizing silicates surfaces, creating magnetic glasses, as well as regulating surface energy and its components.
Mental Health of Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis after 18 Months on Elexacaftor‐Tezacaftor‐Ivacaftor Therapy
Authors: Pasley Kimberly , Eisner Mariah , Sliemers Stephanie , Young Rylie , Dell Mary Lynn , McCoy Karen S. , May Anne
Published: November 2024

Background

Research studies are conflicting regarding new highly effective modulators and the association with mental health symptoms for adults and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). For younger children, small studies and case reports indicate a wide range of effects, ranging from improvement in mood to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, a large placebo‐controlled study indicated no causal connection. This study evaluates the frequency and severity of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents while taking elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI).

Methods

The study includes 81 pediatric patients with CF followed at Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH). Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)‐Anxiety and Depression, Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ‐8) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD‐7) were used to screen for depression and anxiety. Age‐appropriate questionnaires were completed over the first 18 months after initiating ETI.

Results

At baseline, majority of participants reported mental health symptoms within normal limits (WNL). For participants with elevated baseline measures, depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly decreased throughout the study period. Depending on the metric, patients experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms dropped to 2−3% (n = 1, on each depressive measure) and 0% (n = 0, on either anxiety measures) respectively by 18 months.

Conclusion

Most pediatric patients with CF did not endorse symptoms of depression or anxiety disorders at ETI initiation. Over the first 18 months of ETI usage, the percentage of patients with these symptoms decreased, suggesting that the percentage of patients experiencing severe symptoms of depression and anxiety may decrease with ongoing use of ETI.
Efficacy and utility of isocycloseram a novel isoxazoline insecticide against urban pests and public health disease vectors
Authors: Saran Raj Kumar , Hoppé Mark , Mayor Sarah , Long Catherine , Blakely Brittny , Eppler Lisa , Cartwright Bob , Scherer Clay W.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Isoxazolines inhibit γ‐aminobutyric acid chloride channels in insects and acarids by binding to postsynaptic receptors. This prevents chloride influx, leading to depolarization/hyperexcitation, paralysis, and death. Here, we evaluated the potential utility of a novel isoxazoline, isocycloseram, against several urban insect pests.

RESULTS

Isocycloseram was active at low doses against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) [median lethal dose (LD50) 5–15 ng per insect at 72 h, topical assays]; Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr), Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis (L.), common bed bug (Cimex lectularius (L.) (approximately 40 mg m−2, residual surface spray); Eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) (5 μg g−1 w/w, tunneling assays); and mosquito, Anopheles stephensi Liston (120 and 150 mg m−2 treated surfaces, aged indoors for 9 months). Additionally, cockroach gel bait at 1% isocycloseram (w/w) caused 95–100% mortality in German, American (Periplaneta americana (L.), and oriental (Blatta orientalis (L.) cockroaches within 5–14 days.

CONCLUSIONS

Isocycloseram proved to be active against both laboratory and field populations of German cockroaches at doses lower or equal to those of other chemicals. Ants, bed bugs, and mosquitoes readily acquired lethal doses of isocycloseram from different surfaces treated with formulated products. Given its non‐repellent nature, delayed effects, and activity at low rates, isocycloseram can be a very effective compound against subsocial, social, and other human disease vector insect pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analyzing Multilayer Graphene Nanoribbon‐Based Via‐Interconnect Scheme: Prospects and Challenges for Monolithic 3D Integrated Circuits
Authors: Upadhyay Akanksha , Rai Mayank Kumar , Khanna Rajesh
Published: November 2024

This article presents a multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR)‐based single‐tier on‐chip nanoscale via‐interconnect scheme (VIS), which combines the vertical MLGNR via and horizontal MLGNR interconnect, as a prospect for monolithic 3D (M‐3D) integrated circuits (ICs). To go beyond the simplifying assumptions of perfect MLGNR and conventional skin‐effect, this study incorporates the impact of edge‐ and substrate‐induced scatterers in a realistic MLGNR and considers the 1D skin depth formula for MLGNR‐based on‐chip interconnect and via. A combined equivalent circuit model is developed to analyze the challenges induced by scatterers, skin‐effect, and crosstalk effect in perfect MLGNR VIS (P‐VIS) and realistic MLGNR VIS (R‐VIS). The results show that for width in the range of 5–30 nm, P‐VIS outperforms R‐VIS in terms of crosstalk delay. Moreover, at high frequencies ranging from 1 to 104 GHz with a width of 16 nm, R‐VIS demonstrates a performance decline of 243.18% (5.3934 × 103%) for L = 4.8 μm (1 mm), respectively, in comparison with P‐VIS. Hence, in order to leverage the potential of MLGNR‐based VIS for M‐3D ICs at high frequencies, it is imperative to integrate Li‐intercalation doping and mitigate the impact of edge and substrate scatterers in MLGNR.
DSA‐Former: A Network of Hybrid Variable Structures for Liver and Liver Tumour Segmentation
Authors: Qin Jun , Luo Huizhen , He Fei , Qin Guihe
Published: November 2024

Background

Accurately annotated CT images of liver tumours can effectively assist doctors in diagnosing and treating liver cancer. However, due to the relatively low density of the liver, its tumours, and surrounding tissues, as well as the existence of multi‐scale problems, accurate automatic segmentation still faces challenges.

Methods

We propose a segmentation network DSA‐Former that combines convolutional kernels and attention. By combining the morphological and edge features of liver tumour images, capture global/local features and key inter‐layer information, and integrate attention mechanisms obtaining detailed information to improve segmentation accuracy.

Results

Compared to other methods, our approach demonstrates significant advantages in evaluation metrics such as the Dice coefficient, IOU, VOE, and HD95. Specifically, we achieve Dice coefficients of 96.8% for liver segmentation and 72.2% for liver tumour segmentation.

Conclusion

Our method offers enhanced precision in segmenting liver and liver tumour images, laying a robust foundation for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical Relevance of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Flavivirus Infections as Predictors of Disease Progression and Severity
Authors: Van Herreweghe Maxim , De Bruyne Tess , Hermans Nina , Huits Ralph
Published: November 2024

Several Flaviviridae constitute an emerging threat to global health because of their continuing spread and the expansion of vector habitats, largely driven by climate change and intensified global travel. Infections can result in severe neurological or visceral pathologies. The relationship between oxidative stress (OS), an imbalance between generated reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defences of the host, and flavivirus infection has been repeatedly demonstrated in in vitro and animal studies, but measuring biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo could prove useful in clinical patient management. We summarise the knowledge and prospects of measuring peripheral OS biomarker levels for clinical case management and correlation with disease severity in six important human flavivirus infections (dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus (WNV), tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), yellow fever virus and zika virus). We searched the Medline and Web of Science databases for ‘Oxidative Stress’ AND ‘Biomarkers’ AND ‘Flavivirus’, combined with ‘clinical’, ‘in vivo/in vivo’, ‘patient’ and/or ‘disease’ and included 43 peer‐reviewed publications. Correlation between OS and infection has been studied in all six Flaviviridae, but most clinically relevant data are available for DENV, TBEV and WNV. Plasma protein carbonyls, glutathione peroxidase activity and nitrogen monoxide are promising prognostic markers, but their measurement would benefit from methodological harmonisation. Future studies should investigate a broad range of OS biomarkers as predictors of clinically relevant outcomes. We advocate the validation and use of universal or disease‐specific oxidative stress indexes that incorporate the most significant outcomes into one, easy‐to‐use clinical determinant.
Disturbance Observer‐Based Neural Adaptive Command Filtered BacksStepping Funnel‐Like Control for the Chaotic PMSM With Asymmetric Prescribed Performance Constraints
Authors: Li Shaoyang , Zhang Junxing , Li Menghan , Wu Fengbin , Zhou Peng
Published: November 2024

This paper suggests a neural adaptive command filtered backstepping tracking control strategy for the chaotic permanent magnet synchronous motors with asymmetric prescribed performance constraints. Therefore, enable chaotic permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) to obtain good robustness and better universality in practical industrial environments, and realizes more accurate control effect. The main challenge lies in devising a valid funnel‐like solution within the backstepping frame to handle the asymmetric performance constraints that traditional solutions cannot solve. To achieve this, a novel funnel‐like function is introduced, integrating a performance boundary function independent of initial output error, thereby transforming the system into an unbounded one. Additionally, the “explosion of complexity” with conventional backstepping is mitigated by introducing command filtering and constructing an error compensating system to reduce errors. By combining the theory of Lyapunov function and backstepping technique, the virtual controller and the real controller with adaptive law ensure the stability of the system. The disturbance observer and neural network solve the external disturbance and the uncertain nonlinear problem, respectively. Simulation comparisons confirm the robustness of the proposed control scheme and demonstrate its superiority over existing solutions.
The Good Cops, Bad Cops, Bullets, and Wounds: Toward Culturally Sustaining Prison Abolition Literacies in Early Childhood Education
Authors: McMillan Rachel , Bryan Nathaniel
Published: November 2024

Dominant discourses on the prison industrial complex/ mass incarceration tend to prioritize the experiences of Black adults. However, Black children are dual victims of the prison industrial complex. By that, we mean that they are subjected to incarceration in and beyond early childhood education, and the negative impact of the incarceration of parents/caregivers and other family members. With such considerations in mind, early childhood teachers should teach young Black children to become aware of the injustices of the prison industrial complex. To that end, we ask the following question: How can teachers raise Black children's consciousness of the prison industrial complex and encourage them to build a longstanding commitment to dismantle it through early literacy practices? In this conceptual article, we draw on culturally sustaining pedagogy, the imprisoned Black radical tradition, and abolitionist teaching to introduce and explain the utility of culturally sustaining prison abolition literacies—a literacy practice that acknowledges the pervasive injustices of the carceral state and action‐oriented ways to combat them to protect Black children and other minoritized children—in early childhood teaching and curriculum.
Soil quality index to access the impacts of long‐term vinasse application in sugarcane areas
Authors: Coelho Anderson Prates , Tassim Isis Albuquerque , Orioli Yasmin Uchino , Fernandes Mariele Monique Honorato , Cardoso Edmilson N'dami Lopes , Fernandes Carolina
Published: November 2024

Soil quality index (SQI) helps quantify management practices impacts on the soil, providing information for producers in decision‐making. Through evaluation in sugarcane areas, soil indicators were used to develop SQI to access and quantify the impacts of long‐term vinasse application on the soil. The treatments consisted of two soil types: clayey (490 g kg−1 clay) and sandy (80 g kg−1 clay) and two conditions: with (70 m3 ha−1 year−1) and without vinasse application for 10 years. Soil samples were collected in the 0‐ to 10‐cm, 10‐ to 20‐cm, and 20‐ to 30‐cm layers in each treatment. Four soil functions were developed to calculate SQI: root environment quality (REQ), air/water ratio (AWR), soil chemical quality (SCQ), and soil tolerance to erosion (STE). Twelve soil indicators related to soil fertility and aggregation/structure were used. The long‐term vinasse application increased water storage (32%–58% of soil porosity), sum of bases (11–19 mmolc dm−3) and aggregate stability index (41% vs. 78%) compared to without vinasse treatment in sandy soil. In the clayey soil, vinasse increased (p < 0.05) the REQ, SCQ, and STE functions by 10%, 14%, and 13%, respectively, besides not affecting AWR. The long‐term application of vinasse promoted greater benefits, proportionally, in the sandy soil, with increments (p < 0.05) of 30% in AWR, 25% in SCQ, and 27% in STE. According to the SQI, long‐term vinasse application increased the capacity of the clay soil to perform its functions by 8%, while it increased to the sandy soil was 22%.
Teacher Guidance and On‐the‐Fly Scaffolding in Primary School Students' Inquiry Learning
Authors: Sasse Heide , Weber Anke M. , Reuter Timo , Leuchter Miriam
Published: November 2024

In primary science education, inquiry‐based science instruction stands out as an optimal learning environment for fostering domain‐specific content and procedural knowledge. Recognizing the effectiveness of different forms of teacher guidance, there is an ongoing debate about the planning of high (structured inquiry) and low (guided inquiry) guidance and their optimal sequencing. This debate revolves around balancing the level of autonomy and the amount of conceptual information given to students. Furthermore, the complete understanding of the impact of responsive teaching, which encompasses a broad range of practices, including on‐the‐fly scaffolding such as Promoting Participation, Focusing, and Problematizing, remains elusive. To address this gap, this study examines the relationship between planned teacher guidance and specific instances of responsive teaching, particularly on‐the‐fly scaffolding in the inquiry‐based science classroom. A pre‐posttest design was employed, involving 164 primary school students (M = 9.9 years, SD = 0.66, 57% female) and one female experimenter. Domain‐specific content knowledge contained science concepts of thermal insulation, whereas procedural knowledge comprised the application of the control‐of‐variables strategy. The sequential order of planned teacher guidance, structured inquiry, and guided inquiry, was systematically varied, and the experimenter was allowed to provide spontaneous on‐the‐fly scaffolding. The study assesses the influence of planned teacher guidance and specific instances of responsive teaching, particularly on‐the‐fly scaffolding on students' conceptual and procedural knowledge. Results indicate no differential learning effects based on the order of planned guidance. However, when planned guided inquiry was provided second, the teacher gave less on‐the‐fly scaffolding. Additionally, Problematizing had a positive effect, while Focusing had a negative effect on students' procedural knowledge learning.
Multifunctional Amphoteric Additive Alanine Enables High‐Performance Wide‐pH Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Feng Yanwei , Yuan Yongfeng , Cai Gaoshen , Wang Bingxu , Zhang Jun , Xia Yang , Guo Shaoyi
Published: November 2024

Interfacial pH fluctuation is one of the primary reasons for issues related to Zn metal anodes. Herein, polar amphoteric alanine, as a multifunctional electrolyte additive, is designed to regulate the electric double layer (EDL) and solvation structure. Alanine with self‐adaptation capability to pH can stabilize electrolyte pH. Due to more negative adsorption energy, alanine preferentially adsorbs on the Zn surface and repels water molecules within the EDL. Alanine‐enriched EDL effectively shields the surface tips, homogenizes interfacial electric field distribution, and promotes preferential deposition of horizontal flaky Zn. Alanine‐enriched EDL limits the contact between water and the Zn anode. Alanine additive decreases the quantity of water molecules in the Zn2+ solvation sheath and disrupts H‐bond networks in the electrolyte. Consequently, a dense and textured Zn deposition is achieved. Corrosion and side reactions are suppressed. Cycling stability of symmetrical cells attains 2700 h at 3 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and 2050 h at 5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. Average coulombic efficiency reaches 99.8% over 4500 cycles at 5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. Even within KOH alkaline electrolytes, alanine additive still improves the cycling lifespan of symmetrical cells to 100 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2.
Recent Developments in Glioblastoma‐On‐A‐Chip for Advanced Drug Screening Applications
Authors: Maity Surjendu , Bhuyan Tamanna , Jewell Christopher , Kawakita Satoru , Sharma Saurabh , Nguyen Huu Tuan , Hassani Najafabadi Alireza , Ermis Menekse , Falcone Natashya , Chen Junjie , Mandal Kalpana , Khorsandi Danial , Yilgor Can , Choroomi Auveen , Torres Emily , Mecwan Marvin , John Johnson V. , Akbari Mohsen , Wang Zhaohui , Moniz‐Garcia Diogo , Quiñones‐Hinojosa Alfredo , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of cancer, comprising ≈80% of malignant brain tumors. However, there are no effective treatments for GBM due to its heterogeneity and the presence of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Despite in vitro models contributing to the understanding of GBM, conventional 2D models oversimplify the complex tumor microenvironment. Organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) models have emerged as promising platforms that recapitulate human tissue physiology, enabling disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized medicine. There is a sudden increase in GBM‐on‐a‐chip models that can significantly advance the knowledge of GBM etiology and revolutionize drug development by reducing animal testing and enhancing translation to the clinic. In this review, an overview of GBM‐on‐a‐chip models and their applications is reported for drug screening and discussed current challenges and potential future directions for GBM‐on‐a‐chip models.
Versatile Organometallic Synthesis of 0D/2D Metal@Germanane Nanoarchitectonics for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Applications
Authors: Lei Yiming , Sala Xavier , García‐Antón Jordi , Muñoz Jose
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen‐terminated 2D–Germanane (2D–GeH), a germanium‐based 2D material akin to graphene, is receiving enormous attention owing to its predicted optoelectronic characteristics. However, experimental research of 2D–GeH is still in an early stage, and therefore its real implementation for task‐specific applications will depend on the correct development of suitable chemical functionalization methods. Herein, a general and straightforward organometallic (OM) approach is provided for the robust functionalization of 2D–GeH with different 0D noble metal nanoparticles (M–NPs), resulting in 0D/2D M@GeH nanoarchitectonics. As a proof‐of‐principle, 0D/2D Pt@GeH and Au@GeH nanoarchitectonics have been successfully synthesized, characterized, and explored as unconventional electrocatalysts for boosting energy conversion reactions. While the hydrogen evolution reaction activity was evaluated for Pt@GeH, the oxygen reduction reaction was interrogated for Au@GeH. Interestingly, the implanted catalytic features of M–NPs yielded to 0D/2D M@GeH nanoarchitectonics with enhanced energy conversion activity comparing to pristine 2D–GeH counterpart. This work proves the suitability of 2D–GeH as unconventional substrates to stabilize nobleM−NPs, and the versatility of the OM approach for the custom design of a new family of 0D/2D M@GeH nanoarchitectonics to expand the implementation of monoelemental 2D materials as promising electrocatalysts in energy conversion field and beyond.
A causal model for predicting the impact of pharmacotherapy on colorectal surgery outcomes
Authors: Sohn Camron , Roberts John , Jean‐Jacques Edson , Parrish Richard H. ,   for the Enhanced Recovery Comparative Pharmacotherapy Collaborative
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Evidence‐based principles in enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) demonstrate substantial improvement in patient outcomes. Determining which latent variables predict composite outcomes could refine ERP pharmacotherapy recommendations.

Methods

Using R, pharmacotherapy data were modeled from an existing dataset of adult elective colorectal surgery patients. Primary composite outcome was absence of surgical site infection, venous thromboembolism, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and other in‐hospital postoperative complications (POCs). Secondary composite outcome included no postdischarge POCs, hospital length of stay ≤3 days, and no readmission at 7‐ or 30‐days.

Results

Variables with greater odds of predicting both positive primary and secondary composite outcomes included prehospital oral iron and oral antibiotic use, postoperative sugammadex and neostigmine use, postoperative morphine milligram equivalents (MME) ≤ 50, and IV fluid stop by postoperative day 2. Preoperative scopolamine patch (OR = 0.29 and CI = −0.19–0.77) and perioperative gabapentin (OR = 0.46 and CI = 0.06–0.83) had lesser odds for both primary and secondary composite outcomes. Ketamine nonanesthetic bolus, ondansetron IV use, and in‐hospital enoxaparin use had paradoxical lesser primary but greater odds for secondary composite outcomes. Prehospital oral laxative use (OR = 0.61 and CI = 0.18–1.04) and postoperative dual IV antibiotics (OR = 0.52 and CI = 0.10–0.94) had lesser odds for primary, but not secondary, outcome.

Conclusion

To improve the odds for positive composite outcomes, oral iron and antibiotics, sugammadex and neostigmine, lower MME, and early IV fluid cessation could be considered essential core items, whereas postoperative dual IV antibiotics and epidural anesthesia might be avoided. Additional research needs to clarify the impacts of in‐hospital enoxaparin, ketamine nonanesthetic bolus, and ondansetron use on composite patient outcomes.
Lymph node yield independently predicts local recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Yang Zihao M. , Papachristos Alexander , Gill Anthony J. , Aniss Ahmad M. , Sywak Mark , Sidhu Stan
Published: November 2024

Background

Lymph node yield (LNY) is a validated quality control parameter in colorectal cancer surgery, with >12 nodes reflecting an adequate oncological resection. No formal guidelines exist in the context of central and lateral compartment lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study aimed to investigate the association between LNY and regional recurrence in PTC patients, and to define a threshold LNY that indicates adequate compartmental lymphadenectomy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patient data (1992–2022) was conducted using “The University of Sydney Endocrine Surgery Unit” database. Patients undergoing either prophylactic or therapeutic dissection of the central compartment or therapeutic dissection of the lateral compartment for PTC were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between nodal yield and local recurrence.

Results

On multivariate analysis, a central LNY ≤3 was an independent adverse prognostic factor for central recurrence (odds ratios [OR] 2.19, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.15–4.17, and p = 0.018) and a lateral LNY ≤20 was independently predictive of lateral recurrence (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.24–5.31, and p = 0.007).

Conclusions

This study highlights the association between LNY and local recurrence in PTC. Our findings suggest that minimum LNY thresholds (>3 for central and >20 for lateral) may serve as indicators of adequate dissection. Further research should validate these findings across healthcare centers.
Stationary scalar clouds around Kerr-Newman black holes
Authors: Guo Guangzhou , Wang Peng , Wu Tianshu , Yang Haitang
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study investigates scalar clouds around Kerr-Newman black holes within the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar model. Tachyonic instabilities are identified as the driving mechanism for scalar cloud formation. Employing the spectral method, we numerically compute wave functions and parameter space existence domains for both fundamental and excited scalar cloud modes. Our analysis demonstrates that black hole spin imposes an upper limit on the existence of scalar clouds, with excited modes requiring stronger tachyonic instabilities for their formation. These findings lay the groundwork for exploring the nonlinear dynamics and astrophysical implications of scalar clouds.
Triple Higgs boson production and electroweak phase transition in the two-real-singlet model
Authors: Karkout Osama , Papaefstathiou Andreas , Postma Marieke , Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi Gilberto , van de Vis Jorinde , du Pree Tristan
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The production of three Higgs bosons at hadron colliders can be enhanced by a double-resonant effect in the ℤ2-symmetric two-real-singlet extension of the Standard Model, making it potentially observable in future LHC runs. The production rate is maximized for large scalar couplings, which prompts us to carefully reconsider the perturbativity constraints on the theory. This leads us to construct a new set of 140 benchmark points that have a triple Higgs boson production cross-section at least 100 times larger than the SM value.

Furthermore, we study the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition, both analytically at leading order, and numerically without the high-temperature expansion. Both analyses indicate that a first-order phase transition is incompatible with the requirement that both singlets have a non-zero vev in the present-day vacuum, as required by doubly-enhanced triple Higgs boson production. Allowing instead one of the singlets to remain at zero field value opens up the possibility of a first-order phase transition, while di-Higgs boson production can still be enhanced by a (single) resonance.
Cold nuclear matter effects on azimuthal decorrelation in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Armesto Néstor , Cougoulic Florian , Wu Bin
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The assumption of factorization lies at the core of calculations of medium effects on observables computable in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. In this work we examine this assumption, for which we propose a setup to study hard processes and bulk nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions on the same footing using the Glauber modelling of heavy nuclei. To exemplify this approach, we calculate the leading-order corrections to azimuthal decorrelation in Drell-Yan and boson-jet processes due to cold nuclear matter effects, not considering radiation. At leading order in both the hard momentum scale and the nuclear size, the impact-parameter dependent cross section is found to factorize for both processes. The factorization formula involves a convolution of the hard cross section with the medium-modified parton distributions, and, for boson-jet production, the medium-modified jet function.
Aufwachsen in einem psychisch belasteten Familienumfeld: Ergebnisse der bundesweit repräsentativen Studie „Kinder in Deutschland 0–3 2022“
Authors: Hänelt Maria , Neumann Anna , Lux Ulrike , Renner Ilona
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Ein psychisch belastetes Familienumfeld kann ein Risiko für die gesunde und altersgerechte Entwicklung von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern darstellen. Ungeklärt ist, wie weit psychische Belastungen aktuell in der Gesamtpopulation von Eltern mit kleinen Kindern verbreitet sind und ob der Anteil psychisch belasteter Eltern in den zurückliegenden Jahren multipler gesellschaftlicher Krisen angestiegen ist. Zudem ist unklar, wie sich Zusammenhänge zwischen der psychischen Belastung der Eltern, deren Erziehungskompetenzen sowie der frühkindlichen Entwicklung aktuell darstellen.

Methoden

In der bundesweiten, repräsentativen Befragung „Kinder in Deutschland – KiD 0–3 2022“ dokumentierten 258 Kinderärztinnen und -ärzte im Rahmen einer Vorsorgeuntersuchung die Entwicklung von 7818 Säuglingen und Kleinkindern. Die Eltern der Kinder beantworteten u. a. Fragen zu ihren psychischen Belastungen (Angst und Depressivität) und ihren Erziehungskompetenzen. Die Prävalenzen von 2022 wurden mit Ergebnissen der Vorgängerstudie aus dem Jahr 2015 verglichen.

Ergebnisse

2022 berichtete etwa ein Fünftel aller Eltern (21,5 %) eine moderate bis klinisch bedeutsame psychische Belastung (2015: 15,7 %). Psychisch belastete Eltern äußerten signifikant häufiger Zweifel an der eigenen elterlichen Kompetenz als Eltern ohne psychische Belastung. Ärztinnen und Ärzte dokumentierten bei Kindern, deren Eltern klinisch bedeutsame psychische Belastungen berichteten, signifikant häufiger Hinweise auf eine Regulationsstörung und eine Entwicklungsverzögerung.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Relevanz psychischer Belastungen bei Eltern mit kleinen Kindern. Der Befund, dass psychische Belastungen der Eltern mit kindlichen Entwicklungsstörungen einhergehen, verdeutlicht einmal mehr die Notwendigkeit, Familien von Beginn an gezielt zu unterstützen.
Toward revolutionizing PEMFC manufacturing for clean energy conversion: a review on the innovative contribution of 3D printing techniques
Authors: Khalifa Randa E. , Shalaby Asmaa A. , Špitalský Zdenko
Published: November 2024

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a technology useful for fabricating both structural and energy devices. Of great concern to this review is promising nature of additive manufacturing (AM) for engineering fuel cells (FCs) for clean energy conversion. 3DP technique is useful for the fabrication of fuel cell components, and they offer waste minimization, low-cost, and complex geometric structures. In this review, significance of different 3DP techniques toward revolutionizing fuel cell fabrication is given. The aim is to unravel the importance and status of 3D-printed fuel cells and hence provides researchers and scientists with extensive opportunities of 3DP techniques for fuel cell engineering. After careful selection of state-of-the-art literatures, different kinds of 3DP techniques of relevance to electrolytes, electrodes, and other key components (e.g., gas diffusion layers (GDLs), bipolar plates (BPs), and membrane electrode assembly (MEA)) fabrication are explicitly discussed. Among the techniques, the best approaches are recommended for further studies. Advantages associated with these techniques are indicated for the benefit of those whose interests matter most on clean energy production. The challenges researchers are facing in the use of 3DP for fuel cell fabrications are identified. Possible solutions to the identified challenges are suggested as way forward to further development in this research area. It is expected that this review article will benefit engineers and scientists who have interest on clean energy conversion devices.
A Markov regime-switching event response model: beef price spread response to processing capacity shocks
Authors: Park Eunchun , Boyer Christopher N. , Neill Clinton L.
Published: November 2024

This research introduces a new method for event studies in time-series analysis named the Markov regime-switching event response model (MS-ERM). The MS-ERM is a comprehensive approach that integrates two different event study approaches: 1) measuring the impact of an event through structural shift and 2) measuring the impact via additional distributional components. As an empirical application, the study measures the impact of beef-packing plant closures on the weekly live-to-cutout beef price spread. The results indicate that the MS-ERM is a promising tool for event studies, particularly when an empirical dataset has both groups of events that cause and do not cause structural changes.
Development of an eco-fractionation process for Ricinodendron heudelotii oil to obtain α-eleostearic acid and β-eleostearic acid
Authors: Lacroux Éric , Nikiema Diakaridja , Cerny Muriel , Fabre Jean-François , Mouloungui Zéphirin , Oi Koua Koua , Raynaud Christine , Adjou Ané , Merah Othmane , Valentin Romain
Published: November 2024

The present article studies the transformations and fractionation of the reserve lipids of Ricinodendron heudelotii. The native triglycerides of this oil are composed mainly of conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular α-eleostearic acid C18:3 n– 5 (9c, 11t, 13t) at 60%. This particular fatty acid of CLnA family exerts many activities potentially beneficial for health: anti-inflammatory, anti-leukemic, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer and anti-diabetic. A process for transforming this acid into its isomers β-eleostearic acid and catalpic acid was explored with the aim of obtaining fractions enriched in β-eleostearic acid C18:3 n– 5 (9t, 11t, 13t). The β-eleostearic acid is a fatty acid of great interest because it is even more reactive and more efficient as antioxidant than α-eleostearic acid due to its higher trans content. Isomerization reaction of α-eleostearic acid in oil was carried out using artificial solar radiation treatment. The enrichment of concentrates in β-eleostearic acid was therefore tested using an eco-fractionation process. This process was carried out in two stages. The first step was the Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglycerides from native or isomerized Ricinodendron heudelotii oil. The second step was fractionation of the reaction medium obtained after hydrolysis. Triglyceride hydrolysis was complete, with a yield of free fatty acids of over 95% after 2 h of reaction. Treatment of the reaction media yielded 3 lipid concentrates with new chemical compositions of polyunsaturated fatty acids: a first concentrate, derived from hydrolysis of the native oil, composed of 60% α-eleostearic acid and 22% linoleic acid, and two other concentrates derived from fractionation of the hydrolysate of the oil isomerized by radiation. One was composed of 34% linoleic acid, 21% β-eleostearic acid, 11% α-eleostearic acid and 6% catalpic acid, and the last concentrate was composed of over 80% β-eleostearic acid. In addition to offering nutritional benefits similar to those of α-eleostearic acid, β-eleostearic acid also offers an interesting physical property: a very high melting point of 72 °C. Such a polyunsaturated fatty acid, which is solid at room temperature, could prove to be a raw material of choice, particularly in the world of food formulation, where manufacturers are looking for replacements with physical properties close to those of palm oil (the melting point of palmitic acid is 62 °C). Ricinodendron heudelotii oil has thus demonstrated its major role as a source of the triptych of α-eleostearic, β-eleostearic and linoleic fatty acids.
Dynamics of the Collision of Two Nearly Equal Solitary Waves for the Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equation
Authors: Pilod Didier , Valet Frédéric
Published: November 2024

We study the dynamics of the collision of two solitary waves for the 2 and 3-dimensional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation, a high-dimensional non-integrable version of the Korteweg-de Vries equation that appears as an asymptotic model in plasma physics. We describe the evolution of the solution behaving as a sum of 2-solitary waves of nearly equal speeds at time $$t=-\infty $$

t
=
-
∞

up to time $$t=+\infty $$

t
=
+
∞

. We show that this solution behaves as the sum of two modulated solitary waves and an error term which is small in $$H^1$$

H
1

for all time $$t \in {\mathbb {R}}$$

t
∈
R

. Finally, we also prove the stability of this solution for large times around the collision. The proofs are a non-trivial extension of the ones of Martel and Merle for the quartic generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation to higher dimensions. First, despite the non-explicit nature of the solitary wave, we construct an approximate solution in an intrinsic way by canceling the error to the equation only in the natural directions of scaling and translation. Then, to control the difference between a solution and the approximate solution, we use a modified energy functional and a refined modulation estimate in the transverse variable. Moreover, we rely on the Hamiltonian structure of the ODE governing the distance between the waves, which cannot be approximated by explicit solutions, to close the bootstrap estimates on the parameters. We hope that the techniques introduced here are robust and will prove useful in studying the collision phenomena for other focusing non-linear dispersive equations with non-explicit solitary waves.
Characterizing the chemistry of artificially degraded Scots pine wood serving as a model of naturally degraded waterlogged wood using1H–13C HSQC NMR
Authors: Yelle Daniel J. , Broda Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Chemically and biologically degraded Scots pine wood was prepared as a model material for the research on new conservation agents for waterlogged archeological wood. In this study, the model wood was characterized using a 2D1H–13C solution-state NMR technique without derivatization, isolation, or extraction to assess the effect of applied degradation processes on its chemical composition and structure. The results clearly show how the two artificially degraded model wood types are chemically different. Biological decay by the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana caused degradation of wood polysaccharides, with heavy depletion in arabinan, mannan, and galactan, along with an increase in the cellulose's reducing ends (i.e., lowering the degree of polymerization) and partial deacetylation of mannan. The fungus cleaved roughly one-fifth of the β-aryl ethers in lignin, leading to a broadening effect on the lignin aromatic unit contours; other lignin sidechains were left untouched. Chemical degradation by NaOH hydrolysis resulted in a depletion in mannan, galactan, and glucan, as well as efficient deacetylation of mannan. It also decreased lignin content, causing changes in its structure; minor β-aryl ether cleavage along with substantial phenylcoumaran cleavage were evident. Detailed knowledge about the chemical composition and structure of artificially degraded model pine wood obtained in this research is necessary to understand the reactivity of these wood types with chemicals used for their conservation. This research will help explain the differences in the stabilization effectiveness observed between these wood types treated during conservation and understand the stabilization mechanisms, thus contributing to developing new, more effective conservation agents for wooden artifacts of Cultural Heritage.