bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activities of starch synthetic enzymes and contents of endogenous hormones in waxy maize grains subjected to post-silking water deficit
Authors: Yang Huan , Gu Xiaotian , Ding Mengqiu , Lu Weiping , Lu Dalei
Published: May 2019

Rainfed maize in Southern China and frequently suffer water deficit at later plant growth periods. A pot trial in 2014–2015 was conducted to study the effects of drought stress (the relative soil moisture contents are 70–80% and 50–60% under control and water deficit conditions, respectively) after pollination on grain filling and starch accumulation, activities of starch synthetic enzymes, and contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), with Suyunuo5 as test material. The grain fresh weight, volume, and dry weight were not affected by drought before 10 days after pollination but were restricted thereafter. The reduction at maturity was reduced by 33.3%, 40.0%, and 32.3% in 2014 and by 21.7%, 24.3%, and 18.3% in 2015. The grain filling rate was suppressed by water deficit, whereas grain moisture and starch content were slightly affected. The starch accumulation was decreased by 33.5% and 20.0% at maturity in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The activities of starch synthetic enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme) were downregulated by post-silking drought. The ABA content was increased, whereas IAA content was decreased when plants suffered water deficit during grain filling. In conclusion, post-silking water deficit increased ABA content, decreased IAA content, and weakened the activities of starch synthetic enzymes, which suppressed grain development and ultimately reduced grain weight.
Chemosynthetic ectosymbionts associated with a shallow-water marine nematode
Authors: Bellec Laure , Bonavita Marie-Anne Cambon , Hourdez Stéphane , Jebbar Mohamed , Tasiemski Aurélie , Durand Lucile , Gayet Nicolas , Zeppilli Daniela
Published: May 2019

Prokaryotes and free-living nematodes are both very abundant and co-occur in marine environments, but little is known about their possible association. Our objective was to characterize the microbiome of a neglected but ecologically important group of free-living benthic nematodes of the Oncholaimidae family. We used a multi-approach study based on microscopic observations (Scanning Electron Microscopy and FluorescenceIn SituHybridization) coupled with an assessment of molecular diversity using metabarcoding based on the 16S rRNA gene. All investigated free-living marine nematode specimens harboured distinct microbial communities (from the surrounding water and sediment and through the seasons) with ectosymbiosis seemed more abundant during summer. Microscopic observations distinguished two main morphotypes of bacteria (rod-shaped and filamentous) on the cuticle of these nematodes, which seemed to be affiliated toCampylobacterotaandGammaproteobacteria, respectively. Both ectosymbionts belonged to clades of bacteria usually associated with invertebrates from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The presence of theAprAgene involved in sulfur metabolism suggested a potential for chemosynthesis in the nematode microbial community. The discovery of potential symbiotic associations of a shallow-water organism with taxa usually associated with deep-sea hydrothermal vents, is new for Nematoda, opening new avenues for the study of ecology and bacterial relationships with meiofauna.
Non-invasive detection of DNA methylation states in carcinoma and pluripotent stem cells using Raman microspectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Daum Ruben , Brauchle Eva M. , Berrio Daniel Alejandro Carvajal , Jurkowski Tomasz P. , Schenke-Layland Katja
Published: May 2019

DNA methylation plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Global DNA methylation changes occur in carcinogenesis as well as early embryonic development. However, the current methods for studying global DNA methylation levels are invasive and require sample preparation. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging as non-invasive, marker-independent and non-destructive tools for the detection of DNA methylation in living cells. To investigate global DNA methylation changes, human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells, which were hypomorphic for DNA methyltransferase 1, therefore showing a lower global DNA methylation (DNMT1−/−cells), were compared to HCT116 wildtype cells. As a model system for early embryogenesis, murine embryonic stem cells were adapted to serum-free 2i medium, leading to a significant decrease in DNA methylation. Subsequently, 2i medium -adapted cells were compared to cells cultured in serum-containing medium. Raman microspectroscopy and imaging revealed significant differences between high- and low-methylated cell types. Higher methylated cells demonstrated higher relative intensities of Raman peaks, which can be assigned to the nucleobases and 5-methylcytosine. Principal component analysis detected distinguishable populations of high- and low-methylated samples. Based on the provided data we conclude that Raman microspectroscopy and imaging are suitable tools for the real-time, marker-independent and artefact-free investigation of the DNA methylation states in living cells.
Accumulation and toxicological effects of nonylphenol in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) plants
Authors: Jiang Lei , Yang Yi , Zhang Yong , Liu Ying , Pan Bo , Wang Bingjie , Lin Yong
Published: May 2019

Nonylphenol (NP) is one of the most worrisome and ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptors. The tomato is one of the most important agricultural plants in the world. However, little is known about the toxicological effects of NP on tomato crops or the accommodative responses of tomato plants to NP stress. Thus, in this study, relevant tests were performed using pot experiments, and they indicated that when the NP concentration in the soil was elevated from 25 mg kg−1 to 400 mg kg−1, NP was progressively accumulated by the tomato plants. The NP induced growth inhibition and a declined in the total chlorophyll content, and it aggravated membrane lipid peroxidation in tomato plants. When confronted with NP stress, the tomato plants correspondingly induced their antioxidant enzymes via both molecular and protein pathways to relieve the NP-induced oxidative stress. All the above results would be illuminating for developing strategies to address NP-induced damage to agricultural output, food quality and public health.
The role of initial and final states in molecular spectroscopies
Authors: Kirchhuebel Tino , Monti Oliver L. A. , Munakata Toshiaki , Kera Satoshi , Forker Roman , Fritz Torsten
Published: May 2019

Interpreting experimental spectra of thin films of organic semiconductors is challenging, and understanding the relationship between experimental data obtained by different spectroscopic techniques requires a careful consideration of the initial and final states for each process.
Enhanced biodegradation of atrazine at high infiltration rates in agricultural soils
Authors: Barrios Renys E. , Gaonkar Omkar , Snow Daniel , Li Yusong , Li Xu , Bartelt-Hunt Shannon L.
Published: May 2019

Competing effects of increasing infiltration and enhanced degradation due to historical atrazine application in soils may limit the impact on atrazine transport under scenarios representative of climate change.
[HDMF]Cl-based DES as highly efficient extractants and catalysts for oxidative desulfurization of model oil
Authors: Zhao Rong-xiang , Li Xiu-ping , Mao Chun-feng , Hou Liangpei , Gao Xiaohan
Published: May 2019

[HDMF]Cl/XMCln exhibits high desulfurization activity. Meanwhile, the DES saving a lot of N,N-dimethylformamide protects environment.
NOD2 negatively regulated titanium particle-induced osteolysis in mice
Authors: Li Shixun , Qiu Junxiong , Qin Ling , Peng Peng , Li Changchuan , Mao Jiaji , Fang Guibin , Chen Zhong , Lin Sipeng , Fu Yuan , Cai Weibin , Ding Yue
Published: May 2019

NOD2 protects mice from titanium particle-induced osteolysis.
Novel small molecular dye-loaded lipid nanoparticles with efficient near-infrared-II absorption for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Qingshan , Chen Jingqin , He Mu , Bai Yuanyuan , Yan Huixiang , Zeng Ning , Liu Fangyan , Wen Sai , Song Liang , Sheng Zonghai , Liu Chengbo , Fang Chihua
Published: May 2019

The NIR-II PA and PTT nanoparticle based on the IR-1061 dye would benefit early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Crystal habit modification and polymorphic stability assessment of a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist
Authors: Tulcidas Ameessa , Lourenço Nuno M. T. , Antunes Rafael , Santos Bruno , Pawlowski Sylwin , Rocha Fernando
Published: May 2019

Crystal habit modification of a drug substance by performing a slurry test at a temperature higher than the melting point.
Shashlik-like Te–Bi2Te3hetero-nanostructures: one-pot synthesis, growth mechanism and their thermoelectric properties
Authors: Mei Zhi-Yuan , Guo Jun , Wu Yi , Feng Jing , Ge Zhen-Hua
Published: May 2019

Shashlik-like Te–Bi2Te3nanocomposites (consisting of Te nanorods and Bi2Te3nanoplates) were successfully synthesizedviaa solvothermal method.
In situ reversible redox switching of first hyperpolarizability of bimetallic ruthenium complexes
Authors: Karthika C. , Sarath Kumar S. R. , Kathuria L. , Das P. K. , Samuelson A. G.
Published: May 2019

Reversible redox switching of first hyperpolarizability of Monometallic and bimetallic complex.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of several complex rare earth tantalates: Ln2TaO5(OH) (Ln = La, Pr) and Ln3Ta2O9(OH) (Ln = Pr, Nd)
Authors: Sanjeewa Liurukara D. , Fulle Kyle , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: May 2019

New structure types Ln2TaO5(OH) and Ln3Ta2O9(OH) are prepared via hydrothermal synthesis from refractory oxide precursors.
Ligand effects on the structure, mixed-valence sites and magnetic properties of novel pentanickel string complexes
Authors: Chiu Cheng-Chang , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Lin Tien-Sung , Peng Shie-Ming
Published: May 2019

Four redox pairs of pentanickel metal string complexes containing pyridine-, naphthyridine- and the corresponding sulfonyl substituted ligands were synthesized to examine the ligand effects on their electronic structures and magnetic properties.
Surface water and groundwater analysis using aryl hydrocarbon and endocrine receptor biological assays and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry in Susquehanna County, PA
Authors: Bamberger Michelle , Nell Marika , Ahmed Ahmed H. , Santoro Renee , Ingraffea Anthony R. , Kennedy Rana F. , Nagel Susan C. , Helbling Damian E. , Oswald Robert E.
Published: May 2019

This paper highlights biological activity and LC-HRMS detection near gas wells, implicating HVHF as another anthropogenic cause of water contamination.
Impacts of antiscalants on the formation of calcium solids: implication on scaling potential of desalination concentrate
Authors: Jain Tushar , Sanchez Edgar , Owens-Bennett Emily , Trussell Rhodes , Walker Sharon , Liu Haizhou
Published: May 2019

Brackish water desalination has become increasingly important in arid inland regions for reliable water supplies, but the management of desalination brine waste is costly.
Two-dimensional planar swimming selects for high DNA integrity sperm
Authors: Riordon Jason , Tarlan Farhang , You Jae Bem , Zhang Biao , Graham Percival J. , Kong Tian , Wang Yihe , Lagunov Alexander , Hannam Thomas , Jarvi Keith , Sinton David
Published: May 2019

Selection of high DNA integrity spermviaplanar swimming in a microfluidic device outperforms clinically established sperm preparation.
Microwave-assisted shock synthesis of diverse ultrathin graphene-derived materials
Authors: Chen Xianjue , Bo Xin , Ren Wenhao , Chen Sheng , Zhao Chuan
Published: May 2019

A robust microwave-induced plasma-assisted strategy has been developed for the ultrafast synthesis of diverse ultrathin graphene-derived materials.
Correlation between the ion permeation and free volume property in ethyl cellulose film during the acid treatment
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Chen Zhe , Yao Lei , Li Jingjing , Zhang Jinshuai , Fu Qiuming , He Chunqing , Fang Pengfei
Published: May 2019

A correlation between the ion permeation and free-volume hole size was found by theoretical deduction and confirmed by the corresponding experiment.
Copper-catalyzed highly diastereoselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling between 8-hydroxyisochromanes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Tu Yong-Qiang , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Zhang Fu-Min , Wang Shao-Hua
Published: May 2019

A novel copper-catalyzed highly diastereoselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction for the access of tricyclic chromanes from 8-hydroxyisochromanes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
A practical non-enzymatic urea sensor based on NiCo2O4 nanoneedles
Authors: Amin Sidra , Tahira Aneela , Solangi Amber , Beni Valerio , Morante J. R. , Liu Xianjie , Falhman Mats , Mazzaro Raffaello , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Vomiero Alberto
Published: May 2019

We propose a new facile electrochemical sensing platform for determination of urea, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) nanoneedles.
Quantitative analysis of crystallinity in an argyrodite sulfide-based solid electrolyte synthesized via solution processing
Authors: Yubuchi So , Tsukasaki Hirofumi , Sakuda Atsushi , Mori Shigeo , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro
Published: May 2019

Liquid-phase synthesis is a useful technique for preparing argyrodite sulfide-based solid electrolytes, and the synthesis conditions such as heat treatment strongly affect the conductivity.
Recovery of extra-heavy oil and minerals from carbonate asphalt rocks by reactive extraction
Authors: Li Xingang , Bian Renzhou , Wang Junyan , Wang Xianyi , Ma Jun , Ma Guoqiang , Sui Hong , He Lin
Published: May 2019

A reactive extraction was applied to recover heavy and minerals from carbonate asphalt rocks.
The energy band structure analysis and 2 μm Q-switched laser application of layered rhenium diselenide
Authors: Yao Yongping , Li Xiaowen , Song Rengang , Cui Na , Liu Shande , Zhang Huiyun , Li Dehua , Wang Qiangguo , Xu Yan , He Jingliang
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we prepared a high-quality multilayer ReSe2 saturable absorber with a liquid-phase exfoliation method and characterized its saturable absorption properties around 2 μm.
Low temperature dry reforming of methane over plasmonic Ni photocatalysts under visible light irradiation
Authors: Takami Daichi , Ito Yoji , Kawaharasaki Satoru , Yamamoto Akira , Yoshida Hisao
Published: May 2019

CO2 reforming with CH4 proceeded at a low temperature (473 K) to form syngas over plasmonic Ni catalysts under visible light.
Anti-biofouling double-layered unidirectional scaffold for long-term solar-driven water evaporation
Authors: Wang Xiang-Ying , Xue Jingzhe , Ma Chunfeng , He Tao , Qian Haisheng , Wang Bao , Liu Jianwei , Lu Yang
Published: May 2019

An anti-biofouling double layered GCZ scaffold is fabricated as a long-term stable solar-driven steam generation device in bacteria-containing actual environment.
Anchoring V2O5 nanosheets on hierarchical titanium nitride nanowire arrays to form core–shell heterostructures as a superior cathode for high-performance wearable aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Li Qiulong , Zhang Qichong , Liu Chenglong , Zhou Zhengyu , Li Chaowei , He Bing , Man Ping , Wang Xiaona , Yao Yagang
Published: May 2019

Fiber-shaped Zn-ion batteries with TiN@V2O5 as cathode have excellent electrochemical performance.
Hierarchical CsPbBr3 nanocrystal-decorated ZnO nanowire/macroporous graphene hybrids for enhancing charge separation and photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Jiang Yong , Liao Jin-Feng , Xu Yang-Fan , Chen Hong-Yan , Wang Xu-Dong , Kuang Dai-Bin
Published: May 2019

A hierarchical composite catalyst constructed by anchoring CsPbBr3 nanocrystals on a hierarchical ZnO nanowire-branched macroporous graphene scaffold is synthesized for the efficient and selective photoreduction of CO2 to CH4.
Impact of Na2MoO4 nanolayers autogenously formed on tunnel-type Na0.44MnO2
Authors: Choi Ji Ung , Jo Jae Hyeon , Jo Chang-Heum , Cho Min Kyoung , Park Yun Ji , Jin Yongcheng , Yashiro Hitoshi , Myung Seung-Taek
Published: May 2019

The Na2MoO4 coating layer has multiple functionalities on tunnel-type Na0.44MnO2, providing electrical conductivity, scavenging HF, and providing surface protection that leads to excellent electrode performance in Na cells.
Two-photon absorption within layered Bi2Te3 topological insulators and the role of nonlinear transmittance therein
Authors: Qiao Junpeng , Chuang Meng-Yuan , Lan Jia-Chi , Lin Yuan-Yao , Sung Wei-Heng , Fan Ranran , Wu Meng-Yu , Lee Chi-Yang , Chen Chun-Hu , Liu Hong , Lee Chao-Kuei
Published: May 2019

In this study, strong two-photon absorption (TPA) in a layered bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) topological insulator (TI) is observed and investigated by the Z-scan method under excitation with a femtosecond laser pulse at a wavelength of 1056 nm.
Tracking areas planning based on spectral clustering in small cell networks
Authors: Lin Qiangqiang , Tu Shanshan , Waqas Muhammad , Rehman Sadaqat ur , Chang Chin Chen
Published: May 2019

In future small cell networks, tracking areas (TAs) that are defined for location management will be updated frequently to cope with the massive signalling overhead. In this study, a TA planning method based on spectral clustering is proposed to minimise the network signalling overhead. Firstly, handover and paging statistics are simulated to construct a series of graphs showing user mobility and traffic. Then, the TA planning problem is formulated as a classical graph partitioning problem. Finally, a new TA planning method based on spectral clustering is used to build the new TA plan. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the system location update rate and signalling overhead, and improve the system performance.
Experimental study on releasing the unbalanced tension using sliding suspension string with V‐shaped groove for transmission line under ice accretion
Authors: Zhang Da‐Chang , Chen Qian , Han Li‐ting , Chen Yan‐Bin , Huang Feng‐Hua
Published: May 2019

Unbalanced tension is one of the most important loads for the design of transmission towers under ice accretion in cold regions. A V‐shaped sliding groove, which is a new type of connection for suspension strings, is developed as one of the most effective ways to release unbalanced tension. Eight typical experiments on the V‐shaped sliding groove for releasing exceeding unbalanced tensions in transmission lines were designed and performed. The variation mechanism of unbalanced tensions was investigated, and the calculation theory of the critical sliding angle was verified. The experimental results showed that all specimens under all load cases could effectively simulate to release the unbalanced tension when the unbalanced tension increased to the critical value and the suspension string began to slide. Besides, the variation of conductor tensions for 100 m span could be simulated by adopting the curved orbit developed in this study, and the transmission‐line parameters could be changed easily and the experiment became flexible. On the basis of the comparison of theoretical values with the test results of the conductor tension, the design method and practical use of the curved orbit were reasonable and feasible.
Value of model enhancements: quantifying the benefit of improved transmission planning models
Authors: Xu Qingyu , Hobbs Benjamin F.
Published: May 2019

A framework to quantify the value of model enhancements (VOMEs) in transmission planning models is proposed and applied to a case study of the large‐scale, long‐term planning of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system. The VOME, which is closely related to the concept of the value of information from decision analysis, quantifies the probability‐weighted improvement in the system performance resulting from changes in decisions that result from model enhancements. The WECC case study shows that it is practical to quantify VOME and illustrates the type of insights that can be obtained. The values of four types of model enhancements are compared. The results show major benefits from considering long‐run uncertainty using multiple scenarios of technology, policy, and economics; these benefits are as much as 14% of total benefits of new transmission built in the first ten years. However, less benefit is obtained from more temporal granularity, more complex network representations, and inclusion of unit commitment constraints and costs. This framework can be applied to quantify the VOMEs in any planning context, such as integrated resource planning.
Efficient numerical analysis of finite FSS with multilayered media by MLACA
Authors: Hu Yunqin , Su Ting , Wan Ting
Published: May 2019

In this study, an efficient numerical technique for transmission characteristic analysis of finite planar frequency selective surface (FSS) with multilayered media is presented by using the multilevel adaptive cross approximation (MLACA). The computational scheme is based on the mixed‐potential electric field integral equation (MPIE) with multilayered media Green's functions (MLGFs). The three‐level modified discrete complex images method (DCIM) is presented for the spatial‐domain MLGFs without any quasi‐static and surface‐wave extraction. For electrically large‐size FSS structures, the MLACA method is then employed to alleviate the high computational complexity and memory requirement of method of moments. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Multiband hybrid loop‐notch antennas
Authors: Collins Brian S.
Published: May 2019

The study describes a small antenna with a hybrid loop‐notch configuration. This format has very small dimensions in terms of the operating wavelength and operation is possible over two or more non‐contiguous frequency bands. When integrated into a host circuit board it can be designed to maintain a substantially constant resonant frequency in the presence of obstructions such as the human body. A number of different simple feed arrangements are described, which can be adapted to suit other implementations.
Folded aperture coupled patch antenna fabricated on FPC with vertically polarised end‐fire radiation for fifth‐generation millimetre‐wave massive MIMO systems
Authors: Park Junho , Park Sangwook , Yang Wonmo , Kam Dong Gun
Published: May 2019

The authors proposed a folded aperture‐coupled patch antenna (ACPA) on a flexible printed circuit (FPC) with vertically polarised end‐fire radiation, suitable for fifth‐generation millimetre‐wave massive multi‐input–multi‐output (MIMO) systems. For low‐cost implementation, antenna elements were fabricated on a single polyimide substrate. The fabricated FPC was first folded to implement a three‐layer ACPA, and then the feed line was bent 90° to achieve end‐fire radiation. Measurement of five antenna samples demonstrates that the resonance frequency lies between 27.7 and 28.3 GHz. Each antenna sample has the bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) >1.2 GHz. The measured antenna gain is 2.74 dBi at 28.1 GHz, and the difference between co‐ and cross‐polarised radiation intensities is >15 dB in all directions of interest. To improve the impedance bandwidth and the gain further, they increased the distance between the patch and the aperture of the proposed antenna by folding the fabricated FPC multiple times without an additional layer. Experimental results confirm the bandwidth of 2.64 GHz (26.27–28.91 GHz) and the gain of 3.80 dBi at 28 GHz. Additionally, the 1 × 8‐folded APCA array is simulated to verify the feasibility for a practical application of multi‐beam massive MIMO technology.
Design and analysis of an omnidirectional and positioning tolerant AUV charging platform
Authors: Yang Canjun , Wang Tianlei , Chen Yanhu
Published: May 2019

Conventional docking and charging systems for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) typically suffer from complex structures and rigorous requirements for accurate underwater positioning. In this study, an omnidirectional planar AUV charging platform is proposed, providing an AUV with stable charging performance regardless of its position and direction. A compact single layer planar coil array with ferrite core and moderate overlaps is proposed. Guided by a mathematical model of the eddy current loss, the ferrite shielding thickness is optimised, reducing 95% of the downside eddy current loss with minimal material cost. The layout of the coil arrays is optimised in the magnetic field domain, achieving maximal average magnetic field density with limited fluctuation. Ferrite shielding and the mutual inductance between the coil units are considered in the circuit, high misalignment tolerance and limited eddy current loss are both achieved. The theoretical results are validated by an underwater experiment.
Differential evolution‐based pulse‐width modulation technique for multiphase MC
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Iqbal Atif , Anas Anees Mohd , Rizwan Khan Mohd , Rahman Khaliqur , Ayyub Mohammad
Published: May 2019

This paper addresses multiphase matrix converter (MPMCs) modulated with Venturini's classical scalar approach. The solution to obtain time‐varying modulation functions was limited to configuration, which was later extended to configuration. The equations had four constants that were common to all modulation functions; out of which two were defined arbitrarily and other two were found analytically by reducing the equation to a two‐variable optimisation problem. However, in this work, an attempt is made to provide flexibility in finding other solutions by taking all the constants as variables. Thus, Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is adopted in the proposed modulation approach to solve the complex equations thus obtained. Another aim is to find the solution for the MPMC, where inputs are more than three. It is found that the optimal solutions exist only for configuration and are in close approximation with the results of analytical approach. Other solutions were found for certain input and output frequencies and voltage transfer ratios whose results are discussed. It is also found that the solution does not exist for configurations with input phases are other than three. The discussion is supported by simulation and experimental results on a matrix converter at various values of voltage transfer ratios and input/output frequencies.
High‐voltage gain SEPIC‐based DC–DC converter without coupled inductor for PV systems
Authors: Heydari Mojtaba , Khoramikia Hossein , Fatemi Alireza
Published: May 2019

A new single‐ended primary‐inductor converter (SEPIC)‐based DC–DC converter suitable for photovoltaic (PV) systems is introduced. The proposed converter has the advantage of continuous input current which reduces the input voltage ripple across the PV panels. Furthermore, it can provide a higher‐voltage gain at smaller duty cycles when compared with counterpart SEPIC‐based topologies which feature the absence of a coupled inductor. A smaller duty cycle for a given voltage gain translates to a lower‐current ripple of the inductors, reduced conduction losses, and alleviated voltage stresses of the semiconductor switches. The proposed converter also benefits from a simpler structure and control scheme. The operational principles and the steady‐state analysis are studied under both continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. A comparative study between the proposed converter and seven counterpart topologies is also included. A laboratory prototype was built and tested. The experimental results are discussed in light of the theoretical analysis.
Hybrid PWM noise cancellation technique to reduce switching losses for two‐segment three‐phase motor
Authors: Huang Yingliang , Xu Yongxiang , Zhang Wentao , Zou Jibin
Published: May 2019

This study proposed a novel method to eliminate the pulse width modulation (PWM) harmonics at a quite low switching frequency for the two‐segment three‐phase motor. Due to the PWM technique and considerations of switching losses, acoustic noise <20 kHz in the motor drive system is common. By using modified space vector PWM (MSVPWM) technique and interleaved topology with magnetically coupled inductors (MCIs), the proposed novel method is able to remove the first, second, and third order carrier frequency noises from the motor. The MSVPWM is used to eliminate the first and third order carrier frequency harmonics and second order harmonics are reduced by interleaved topology. With this method, the unpleasant acoustic noise <20 kHz could be removed when the switching frequency is selected near 6.7 kHz. The size of MCIs mainly depends on the PWM current harmonics and it is very small compared with inductor‐capacitor/inductor‐capacitor‐inductor filter. Moreover, this method remains to be the control dynamics of the motor without additional inductance for fundamental frequency currents. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by detailed simulation and experimental results.
Strong clutter suppression in non‐uniform PRF radar: techniques based on interpolation and adaptive processing
Authors: Kodituwakku Sandun , Nguyen Van Khanh , Turley Mike D.
Published: May 2019

Standard Doppler processing techniques are not capable of controlling strong clutter sidelobes when non‐uniform pulse repetition frequency (PRF) radar waveforms are utilised. In this study, the authors propose a weighted bandlimited interpolation (WBI)‐based Doppler processing technique, which generates a spectrum similar to that of uniform PRF waveform processing, successfully suppressing undesired spectral sidelobes. Three versions of WBI are introduced: WBI windowed, WBI adaptive, and WBI‐principal components inverse (WBI‐PCI), and their detection performance is quantified by generating receiver operating characteristics and estimating associated signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) losses. The performance of the algorithms is also analysed in terms of computational complexity. The superiority of the proposed WBI techniques compared to existing techniques is also demonstrated. WBI‐PCI is an attractive choice for non‐uniform PRF waveform processing, given its low SNR loss, low complexity, and low training requirement.
Tracking of geodetic height of sea level in the west of Java Sea, Indonesia: A preliminary assessment
Authors: Poerbandono  , Prijatna Kosasih , Gumilar Irwan
Published: May 2019

This paper assesses the agreement between observed heights of sea level from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and a global model of Mean Sea Surface (MSS). The assessment of the agreement is carried out according to the direct comparison between the height of MSS model and the geodetic height of actual sea level. Here, MSS is generated according to Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) Gravity Model (GGM) and Mean Dynamic Ocean Topography (MDOT). The tracking of geodetic heights of actual sea level are done by Wide Area Differential (WA D) and Real Time Precise Point Positioning (RTPPP) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) along an approximately 180 Nm SW-NE transect of away-return ship track in the west of the Java Sea, Indonesia. It is found that the overall agreement between geodetic height of sea level and MSS observed by WA DGNSS is 7.5 cm (away tracking), while those observed by RTPPP GNSS is 39.5 cm (away tracking) and 36.0 cm (return tracking). This work recommends selection of the best-fit tide model and careful examination on the dynamics of antenna offset due to vessel attitude.
Multi-GNSS Induced Performance Enhancements in Constrained Environments
Authors: Wang Wenzhe , Chu Fengyu , Yang Ming
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, three global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), namely GPS, GLONASS and China’s BeiDou System (BDS), are fully-operational in the Asia-Pacific region. Furthermore, the European Galileo system and the Japanese Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), which is a regional navigation satellite system (RNSS), jointly provide 4 to 8 additional visible satellites in the region. Thus, it is expected that a combination of the above five systems will improve positioning performance as a result of enhanced satellite availability provided by multi-GNSS. In this research, we develop a method to combine GPS, GLONASS, BDS, Galileo, and QZSS pseudorange and carrier phase observations, and investigate positioning performance improvements brought by multi-GNSS. Experimental data were collected in Southern Taiwan to perform pseudorange-based, meter-level absolute (point) positioning as well as carrier phase-based, centimeter-level relative positioning. Test results indicate that (1) using multi-GNSS can effectively improve the accuracy of absolute (single point) and relative positioning, particularly in highly-masked, constrained environments, such as urban areas; (2) combining the five constellations can significantly shorten the Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) for rapid ambiguity resolution required by Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) applications in constrained environments.
Implementation of the modeling and simulation software of search and rescue system based Korea navigation satellite system
Authors: Jeong Incheol , Lee Sanguk , Ahn Woo-Geun
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the development of M&S (Modeling and Simulation) system based COSPAS-SARSAT SAR (Search and Rescue) system. SAR system transmits a distress signal to the terminal and transmits it to the satellite network or the terrestrial network. It recognized distress incident from anywhere in the world. The M&S system is designed to analyze the accuracy, reliability, and availability of the SAR (Search and Rescue) system. It is also designed to simulate the actual distress beacons of a distress situation. It was developed to enable performance analysis. We will verify the validity of the implemented results, applying the RF signal processing based on KNSS.
Error Analysis of PDR System Using Dual Foot-mounted IMU
Authors: Lee Jae Hong , Ju Hojin , Park Chan Gook
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we analyze the position errors of the pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) system using foot-mounted IMU attached to each foot, and implement PDR system using dual foot-mounted IMU to reduce the analyzed error. The PDR system using foot-mounted IMU is generally based on an inertial navigation system (INS). To reduce bias and white noise errors, INS is combined with zero velocity update (ZUPT), which assumes that the pedestrian shoe velocity is zero at the stance phase. Although ZUPT could compensate the velocity and position, the heading drift still occurs. When analyzing the characteristics of the position error, the error shows a symmetrical characteristic. In order to reduce this error, the previous researches compensate for both positions by applying feet position constraints. The algorithm consists of applying a conventional PDR system to each foot and fusion algorithm combining both. The PDR system using foot-mounted IMU, one on each foot, is based on integration approach separately. The positions of both feet should be in a circle with a radius as step length during walking. The designed filter is constrained so that the position of both feet are in a circular boundary. The heading error that is symmetrically drifted is corrected by the position constraint when the pedestrian moves straight. Experimental results show the performance and usability of each previous algorithm to compensate for symmetric heading errors.
Autonomous Base Station Placement for Localization of the GNSS Interference Source
Authors: Kim Sun Young , Kang Chang Ho , Park Chan Gook
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the control strategy of autonomous base station placement for localization of the GNSS interference source. The proposed algorithm deals with the optimization of the base station trajectory for target motion analysis based on bearing only tracking problem. The control strategy of the proposed algorithm is designed to maximize a cost function which is generally a functional of the Fisher information matrix. Compared to the optimal control methods, the proposed algorithm is easy to be designed and implemented, and constraints of multiple base stations’ trajectories can be effectively included. In addition, the proposed algorithm also considered target’s dynamics that is both uncertain and random, and there are multiple base stations for observing the target. In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, simulation was performed with dynamic target case in the 2D scenario. It is assumed that the base stations’ networks have non-fully connected topology. According to the simulation results, it was confirmed that the proposed algorithm presents a flexible control strategy of autonomous multiple base stations’ placement for bearing only target tracking system.
Identifying GNSS market in Indonesia before and the future
Authors: Andreas Heri , Noveriansyah Sandy
Published: May 2019

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is one of the best finding of the twenty century world technologies. It is satellite base positioning and timing system. A millimeter accuracy of 4D positions can be provided by this GNSS system, allowed us to measure the geodynamic with millimeter per year signal only, measure small deformation and even the change of pole of earth rotation. Not to mention the GNSS for navigation and transportation system, it helps a lot in such traffic management, tracking, controlling, etc. GNSS market has contributed huge amount of dollars in world’s economy. Japan and America are two country of among others for biggest GNSS market so far. As for Indonesia, it is only part of 4% of Asia market in the early 2000. With such similar characteristic between Indonesia and Japan, especially relating to fast growing nation and the ring of fire, in this case market of GNSS in the future can be promising in Indonesia. This paper will highlight the GNSS market in Indonesia before and the future. We found that within ten to fifteen years the GNSS market in Indonesia will be the biggest around South East Asia and probably in Asia Pacific.
Study of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Extraction using Stereo Radargrammetry TerraSAR-X in Madiun Area – Elevation Accuracy Improvement
Authors: Sari Inggit L. , Maulana Rachmat , Dyatmika Haris S. , Suprijanto Agus , Arief Rahmat , Ali Shadiq
Published: May 2019

High resolution images data from Terrasar-X are used to extract digital elevation model (DEM) using stereo radargrammetry in the attempt to achieve better resolution of terrain surface in Indonesia. As sample in this study, stereo pairs images from TerraSAR-X StripMap mode (~3m resolution) on Madiun city is used with difference of incidence angle around ~18.88 degree to extract the elevation of the area. Furthermore, field observation on the selected area will be used on elevation accuracy assessment. The digital surface elevation (DSM) generated by stereo radargrammetry in this study shows us high resolution with spatial pixel spacing 5.57 meter and elevation accuracy around ~4 meter.
Variation of Precipitable Water Vapor derived from GNSS CORS Observations in Thailand
Authors: Meunram Paramee , Satirapod Chalermchon
Published: May 2019

This research aims to study a distance variation of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) between CORS stations in Thailand using a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. Nowadays, GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) is not only used to obtain precise positioning applications but also plays an important role in meteorological applications. With a recent establishment of GNSS CORS around Thai region, the PWV can be accurately derived from these GNSS CORS data using the scientific Position and Navigation Data Analyst (PANDA) GNSS processing software. One-year period of GNSS CORS data collected between 1 January and 31 December 2016 are used in this study. The GNSS CORS data used in this study are gathered from various agencies, i.e. Chulalongkorn University, Department of Lands and Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning. However, a coverage distance from each GNSS CORS station for PWV estimations is not precisely determined for Thai region. This information can help reduce expenses in an installation and maintenance of meteorology sensors at each GNSS CORS. Therefore, this paper focuses on determining the distance variation of PWV between GNSS CORS stations and the coverage distance from each CORS for PWV estimations. The result shows that the coverage distance from each CORS station at 74 km or less can provide accurate PWV in Thai region.
Land Use Vulnerability towards the Flood Risk in Surakarta City
Authors: Miladan Nur , Ariani Feira , Pertiwi Shifa Nurul Indah , Setiawan Raafi , Handayani Kusumaningdyah Nurul
Published: May 2019

Urban flood risk is one of the frequent disasters in Indonesiancities. It causes the urban vulnerabilities including urban land use, community socio-economic assets, urban infrastructures and buildings. The massive urban land use changes will lead to the increase of flood riskif those changes do not manage properly. In other side, the increase offlood risk is also caused by the land use vulnerability. The assessment ofland use vulnerability on flood risk is an important element to identify theurban socio economic losses. Furthermore, the understanding of land usevulnerability could be an essential aspect for the urban land use plansrelating to the process of urban planning. This study has purpose to assessthe vulnerability of land use on flood risk in Surakarta City. This city hasseveral rivers flowing inside urban areas, and often, the flood occurrencestook place due to overflows of those rivers. This research used thedeductive approach. The data and information provided by the institutionaldocuments, and field observation. The result of the research indicated thatthe hazard level has more influence than the land use vulnerability level inthe calculation of flood risk. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the land usevulnerability level is not certainly linier correlated to the risk level.
Fire Management Preparedness at PT X Sleman Regency
Authors: Abidin Azham Umar , Sepriawan Suryadi , Juliani Any , Hasanah Nur Aini Iswati
Published: May 2019

The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)is one of the efforts to create a workplace that is safe, healthy, and freefrom environmental pollution, to minimize work accidents andoccupational diseases, and to finally improve work efficiency andproductivity. The mortality rate caused by fire cases in the industrial sectorare high. Therefore, fire management is needed as the implementation ofOccupational Safety and Health. This study aims to determine managementpreparedness in dealing with fire emergencies to prevent fire and minimizethe potential hazard risk of PT X. The method in this study uses qualitativemethods with triangulation approach through in-depth interview, observation, checklist form and documentation. The research resultsthrough in-depth interviews show that fire management is still not optimal, i.e. there are no hydrants, automatic alarms and emergency doors. Inaddition, the fire prevention unit has been established but not specifically. From the observation of using the checklist form, it showed that firemanagement has 3 Good (G) categories, includes fire extiguisher (82%), standard operating procedures (100%), and evacuation routes (100%). Theothers are 5 Less (L) categories, includes hydrant (0%), alarm (0%), emergency door (0%), education and emergency response training (33%), fire management unit (25%).
Characteristics of Kaolin Clay on Alluvial Formation Subdistrict Mataraman Based on Physical Properties and Chemical Properties
Authors: Annisa  , Dwiatmoko Marselinus Untung , Saismana Uyu , Maulanai Rizal
Published: May 2019

The kaolin clay deposit is found in the Quarter AlluviumFormation (Qa) which is located in the Mataraman Subdistrict and aroundBanjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province, with a monoclinic geologicalstructure. The purpose of this study was to identify types of clay mineralsand physical and chemical characteristics. The analytical method used inthis study is the method of analysis of physical properties and chemicalproperties The study area clay has physical characteristics, elastic clay, easy to form with a mixture of sand and cricket such as quartzite andwhite. Based on the results of XRD analysis, the types of clay mineralsfound were Kaolinit, Mica and Quartz, the chemical requirements of theclay of the study area could be used as material for making ceramics and pottery.
Perception of Green Open Space as Medium of Therapy for Elderly
Authors: Darmawati Rini
Published: May 2019

The physical changes of the elderly are very visible when walking, because of the generated function of joints. The decline in various sensory functions causes the elderly to be easily senile. An elderly person who is in a green open space will have a different environmental perception from other elderly people. Differences in perception due to different cultural backgrounds, reasoning and experiences. This research is a consecutive research of previous preliminary one conducted on the elderly. The data obtained is the result of the perception of the elderly in the green open space by means of interviews. Physical data from green open spaces in the home environment, in the area around the house and outside the residential area are gathered through direct survey and from photographs of respondents. The results of the perception of the interaction between the elderly and nature in the green open space have benefits in the term of physical, psychological and social at the same time.
Function and Accessibility Mapping of Citywalk in Slamet Riyadi Street, Surakarta City, Central Java
Authors: Pratiwi Yulia , Iftironi Muhammad
Published: May 2019

Surakarta city is a city that has a very high economic activity. Slamet Riyadi Street Area became the central business district in SurakartaCity. The high economic activity in the area of Slamet Riyadi Street, resulting in the need for public open space is also increasing. SurakartaCity Government from year to year to build citywalk and other publicspaces, especially in Slamet Riyadi Street. The purposes of this researchare mapping the function of citywalk and mapping accessibility of citywalkin Slamet Riyadi Street Area. The research method used is descriptivequalitative with primary survey and secondary survey by mapping usabilityand analyzing accessibility level of Citywalk of Slamet Riyadi Street area, Surakarta City. The conclusion of this study is the variety of visitor activityon the day of the weekend is more diverse because there are activities carfreeday. Activities of the most crowded visitors are when the morning(weekend) between the hours of 06:00 to 08:00 pm. The conclusion ofaccessibility in the citywalk along the statue of Gladhak to Yos SudarsoStreet intersection is good enough in terms of wide space, pedestrianconditions, the existence of guiding block, signage, and other supporting facilities.
Comparative Strength and Cost of Rice Husk Concrete Block
Authors: Winarno Setya
Published: May 2019

This research presents a comparative cost and strength analysis of rice husk concrete block which is aimed at reducing the cost of concrete production and emphasizing environmentally and friendly sustainable materials. Concrete block materials consist of cement, filler, and rice husk. Tests were performed to compare the strength and cost of seven cement rice husk weight ratios designated ranging from 0.67 to 2.00 with constant water cement ration of 0.4. Samples have been tested for 28-day strength. The analysis of the results has showed that the higher proportions of rice husk correspond to decreased strength dan cost polynomially. At 134% proportion of rice husk, it is optimum value for rice husk concrete block. In this point, the compressive strength satisfies the standard. Also, water absorption of 16,04% justifies the maximum standard. Overall, the cost of 134% RH concrete is Rp 511,809 per m3 which is 42.5% cheaper than normal concrete block.