bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of process-induced defects in automated fiber placement manufacturing of composites using fiber Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Oromiehie Ebrahim , Prusty B Gangadhara , Compston Paul , Rajan Ginu
Published: February 2017

With the increasing use of automated fiber placement method for manufacturing highly precise bespoke composite components in the aerospace industry, the level of manufacturing defects within the laminate structure needs to be monitored and minimized for structural integrity. One of the main common defects in automated fiber placement process is misalignment between the tape paths in successive courses which leads to non-integrity of laminate and consequently significant reduction in mechanical strength of the laminate. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate inspection method to monitor and identify these processing defects at the earlier stages of manufacturing. Since optical fiber Bragg grating sensors are being increasingly utilized for structural health monitoring in composite materials and as they were successfully implemented by Oromiehie et al. in their earlier work for on-line lay-up process monitoring, the same methodology is once again tried for identifying the misalignment defects in automated fiber placement process. The experiments are carried out on glass-fiber/nylon laminate with embedded fiber Bragg gratings for the automated tape placement method. The defects due to misalignment are identified by the fiber Bragg grating sensors through their reflected wavelength changes during the automated manufacturing process. The analysis of results indicates that the fiber Bragg grating sensors can be reliably implemented for on-line defect monitoring during the automated fiber placement process to ensure the quality of final product and maintain the expected design life.
One-Year Mixed-Methods Case Study of a Community–Academic Advisory Board Addressing Childhood Obesity
Authors: Zoellner Jamie , Hill Jennie L. , Brock Donna , Barlow Morgan L. , Alexander Ramine , Brito Fabiana , Price Bryan , Jones Corliss L. , Marshall Ruby , Estabrooks Paul A.
Published: February 2017

Objective: Using a community-based participatory research and systems-based approach, the purpose of this community case study is to describe the planning process and first-year experiences of community–academic advisory board (CAB) partners involved with the development of an evidence-based childhood obesity treatment program in a medically underserved region. Method: Regional community partners ( n = 9; Pittsylvania/Danville Health District, Children’s Healthcare Center, Danville Parks & Recreation, and Danville Boys & Girls Club) and academic partners ( n = 9) met monthly to select and adapt an evidence-based childhood obesity program, develop evaluation and recruitment protocols, and plan for program implementation. In the first 3 months, members developed a mixed-methods capacity evaluation, administered at 3 and 11 months following the first CAB meeting. Results: Most capacity dimensions were rated highly and demonstrated no significant change over time. However, perceptions of trust approached a significant increase ( p = .055), the ability to resolve conflicts significantly increased ( p = .018), and participation and influ-ence perceptions significantly decreased ( p = .001). Qualitative analysis elucidated members’ experiences and key facilitator and barrier themes emerged. Conclusions: Similarities and differences between community and academic members’ experiences allowed synthesis of best practices and lessons learned. The methodological framework and best practices can inform the capacity development for new community–academic collaborations.
Treatment of Vesicovaginal Fistulas With Autologous Cell Injections—A Randomized Study in an Animal Model
Authors: Jepsen Marianne S. , Sellathurai Jeeva , Conti Alessandro , Schrøder Henrik D. , Lund Lars
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of autologous satellite cell and smooth muscle cell transplantation on vesicovaginal fistulas in a randomized controlled study by comparing the proportion of fistula closure and tissue composition between the 2 groups.

Materials and Methods:

Eight pigs underwent surgery to establish an experimental induced fistula. One pig was excluded due to insufficient weight gain. Seven pigs were randomized to receive either an injection of satellite cells and smooth muscle cells or no treatment. Cells were isolated from abdominal skeletal muscle and bladder smooth muscle, cultured in vitro, and marked with bromodeoxyuridine. Cell purity, growth kinetics, and differentiation potential were determined. Cells were injected around the fistula using a cystoscope. Five weeks after the injection of cells, the fistula area was examined macroscopically and histologically.

Results:

The isolated satellite cell population consisted of 76.6% neural cell adhesion molecule positive cell and the smooth muscle cell population of 88.6% α-smooth muscle actin positive cells. All pigs had a persisting fistula before treatment. One of the 4 vesicovaginal fistulas was closed 5 weeks after injection of satellite cells and smooth muscle cells compared to none in the control group. No histological differences in the tissue composition between the 2 groups were observed and no bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells were detected around the fistula tissue in the histological examination.

Conclusion:

We established an animal model with a persisting clinical and histological confirmed vesicovaginal fistula. The study indicated that there might be an effect on vesicovaginal fistula closure using an injection of satellite cells/smooth muscle cells and alginate gel.
Diagnostic Validity Comparison Between Criteria Based on CSF Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers
Authors: Blanco-Cantó Maria Empar , Monge-Argilés J. A. , Pérez-Cejuela C. , Badía C. , Gabaldón L. , Muñoz-Ruíz C. , Sánchez-Payá J. , Gasparini-Berenguer R. , Leiva-Santana C.
Published: February 2017

Aim:

To compare the diagnostic validity of NIA-AA criteria, for AD CSF biomarkers, with our own new criteria.

Materials and Methods:

Between 2008 and 2011, 170 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) were included. CSF levels of Aβ1-42, T-tau, P-tau181, and ratios of T-tau/Aβ1-42 and P-tau181/Aβ1-42 were analyzed. In our criteria, we considered 3 or more abnormal variables indicative of a high likelihood of MCI due to AD.

Results:

After a clinical follow-up of 4.5 ± 1.2 years, 44 patients remained stable, 95 developed AD, 15 other forms of dementia, 7 died and 9 received other diagnoses. Using the NIA-AA criteria and our own criteria, the diagnostic validity of the CSF biomarkers was 58% versus 85%, specificity 84% versus 72%, PPV 82% versus 79% and NPV 61% versus 79%.

Conclusion:

The inclusion of the ratios in diagnostic criteria increases sensitivity and NPV for the diagnosis of MCI due to AD.
Causes of peripheral cytopenia in hepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive splenomegaly
Authors: Lv Yunfu , Yee Lau Wan , Wu Hongfei , Han XiaoYu , Gong Xiaoguang , Liu Ning , Yue Jie , Li Qingqing , Li YeJuan , Deng Jie
Published: February 2017

The clinical data of 183 patients with hepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive splenomegaly complicated by peripheral cytopenia were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the causes of peripheral cytopenia, as well as the proportion of the causes in these patients. All patients underwent splenectomy. Before operation, these patients had one or more types of peripheral cytopenia (cumulative cytopenia: 390 patient-times). After splenectomy, blood counts in 79.2% (309/390) returned to normal, while in 15.9% (62/390) they increased but failed to reach to normal levels, and in 4.9% (19/390) they became lower than before the operations. For the last group of patients ( n = 19), long-term follow-up showed that blood counts returned to normal in five patients. In other words, in 80.5% [(309 + 5)/390 or 314/390] of patient-times, the peripheral cytopenia was due to hypersplenism, in 15.9% it was due to a combination of factors, and in 3.6% [14/390] it had nothing to do with the hypersplenism. Thus, hypersplenism is a major cause, but not the only cause, of peripheral cytopenia in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive splenomegaly, and splenectormy is an effective treatment for these patients.

Impact statement

For a long time, the development of peripheral cytopenias as a complication to cirrhotic portal hypertension has been attributed to hypersplenism; however, this has never been fully demonstrated. Dameshek summarized that hypersplenism should be diagnosed by the presence of four conditions: (a) mono- or multi-lineage peripheral cytopenias; (b) compensatory hyperplasia of bone marrow; (c) splenomegaly; and (d) correction of cytopenias after splenectomy. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from 183 surgical patients, and found that 80.5% of peripheral cytopenias was caused by hypersplenism, 16% by a combination of factors, and 3.5% by other factors unrelated to hypersplenism. As the first quantitative findings in this field, our results verify that hypersplenism is a major, but not exclusive, cause of peripheral cytopenias, and provides important clinical evidence for investigating the cause of peripheral cytopenias.
Collaborative Approach to the Creation of an Arteriovenous Fistula on a US Navy Hospital Ship
Authors: Thompson Kimberly A. , Krishnan Amrish , Stehman Charles , Hanling Steven , Casey Kevin
Published: February 2017

Early creation of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) decreases morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease and is the standard of care in the United States. However, this procedure is frequently not accessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We present the first reported case of successful AVF creation as part of a humanitarian assistance mission. The patient was a 51-year-old male with diabetes, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis via a temporary dialysis catheter. Preoperative assessment and patient selection were coordinated with the host nation (HN) nephrologist and dialysis team. The visiting surgical team provided education on AVF anatomy, complications, and cannulation techniques to the HN dialysis team. A left brachiocephalic AVF was created under regional anesthesia performed by the visiting surgeon and anesthesiologists. There were no postoperative complications, and the AVF was matured and accessed successfully by the HN dialysis team 7 weeks after creation. Performing AVFs as part of humanitarian assistance missions has the potential to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in LMICs.
Psychobiological Protective Factors Modifying the Association Between Age and Sexual Health in Men: Findings From the Men’s Health 40+ Study
Authors: Walther Andreas , Mahler Fiona , Debelak Rudolf , Ehlert Ulrike
Published: February 2017

Sexual health severely decreases with age. For males older than 40 years, erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common sexual disorder. Although physical and psychological risk factors for ED have been identified, protective factors are yet to be determined. To date, no study has examined endocrine and psychosocial factors in parallel with regard to their modifying effect on the age-related increase in ED. Two hundred and seventy-one self-reporting healthy men aged between 40 and 75 years provided both psychometric data on sexual function and a set of potential psychosocial protective factors, and saliva samples for the analysis of steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. Around 35% of the participants reported at least a mild form of ED. Direct associations with ED were identified for perceived general health, emotional support, relationship quality, intimacy motivation but not for steroid hormones or proinflammatory markers. Moderation analyses for the association between age and ED revealed positive effects for testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), perceived general health, emotional support, intimacy motivation, and a negative effect for interleukin-6 (all p < .05; f2 > .17). Group differences between older men with and without ED emerged for T, DHEA, and psychometric measures such as perceived general health, emotional support, satisfaction with life, and intimacy motivation (all p < .05; d > .3). Both psychosocial and endocrine parameters moderated the association between age and sexual health. Perceived general health, emotional support, intimacy motivation, and relationship quality emerged as psychosocial protective factors against ED. Higher T and DHEA and lower interleukin-6 levels also buffered against an age-related increase in ED.
The PROMIS Global Health Questionnaire Correlates With the QuickDASH in Patients With Upper Extremity Illness
Authors: Stoop Nicky , Menendez Mariano E. , Mellema Jos J. , Ring David
Published: February 2017

Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the construct validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health instrument by establishing its correlation to the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire in patients with upper extremity illness. Methods: A cohort of 112 patients completed a sociodemographic survey and the PROMIS Global Health and QuickDASH questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association of the QuickDASH with the PROMIS Global Health items and subscales. Results: Six of the 10 PROMIS Global Health items were associated with the QuickDASH. The PROMIS Global Physical Health subscale showed moderate correlation with QuickDASH and the Mental Health subscale. There was no significant relationship between the PROMIS Global Mental Health subscale and QuickDASH. Conclusions: The consistent finding that general patient-reported outcomes correlate moderately with regional patient-reported outcomes suggests that a small number of relatively nonspecific patient-reported outcome measures might be used to assess a variety of illnesses. In our opinion, the blending of physical and mental health questions in the PROMIS Global Health makes this instrument less useful for research or patient care.
Distal Radius Fractures: AAOS Appropriate Use Criteria Versus Actual Management at a Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Kyriakedes James C. , Tsai Eugene Y. , Weinberg Douglas S. , Yu Charles C. , Hoyen Harry A. , Malone Kevin , Bafus Blaine T.
Published: February 2017

Background: The aim of this study is to determine whether the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons’ (AAOS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for distal radius fractures correlates with actual treatment by orthopedic hand surgeons at a level I trauma center. Methods: ICD-9 codes were used to retrospectively identify patients who presented with wrist fractures over 1 year. Patients with isolated distal radius fractures were evaluated using the AAOS AUC application for distal radius fractures. Actual treatment was then compared with treatment recommended by the AUC. Results: Of the 112 patients, 64 (57%) received treatment that matched the AAOS AUC recommendation as an “appropriate treatment.” Actual management matched the AUC recommendation 100%, 7%, and 50% of the time, for Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) type A, B, and C fractures, respectively. Surgery was performed for type A, B, and C fractures 30%, 7%, and 50% of the time, respectively. For type B fractures, only the 2 cases that were managed operatively were in agreement with the AUC. For type C fractures, increased patient age (57 years and older) was significantly associated with nonoperative treatment decisions. Surgeon decisions for nonoperative treatment were in agreement with the AUC recommendations 40% of the time, whereas surgeon decisions for surgery matched the AUC recommendations 97% of the time. Conclusions: We found low agreement between actual treatment decisions and the AUC-recommended “appropriate” treatments, especially for the type B and C fractures that were managed nonoperatively. The AUC favors surgery for all intra-articular fractures, while we emphasized age and fracture displacement in our decision-making process.
A continuous contact force model of planar revolute joint based on fitting method
Authors: Li Yuntao , Quan Qiquan , Tang Dewei , Li Zhonghong , Deng Zongquan
Published: February 2017

Both the process of eliminating the clearance in joints and the contact–impact process involve movement of a clearance mechanism, which may reduce transmission accuracy and lengthen the response time. An appropriate continuous contact force model is able to describe the contact phenomena of a joint with clearance in a facile manner. However, two main problems still should be solved in building the continuous contact force model. First, the elastic force parts in previous continuous contact force models for a revolute joint were established by amending the force exponent of the Hertz spherical contact model or by the modified Winkler contact model. Nevertheless, the force exponent is usually given by experience, and the thickness of the elastic layer in the Winkler theory is difficult to determine. Second, for the previous damping force parts of a revolute joint, the hysteretic damping coefficients were obtained by substituting the stiffness coefficient with the contact stiffness of revolute joint directly instead of using the energy conservation method for the complicated form of elastic force model. A feasible continuous contact force model based on a fitting method was proposed to avoid these problems. According to the experimental results, the continuous contact force model can be used to predict the contact characteristics of a planar revolute joint in a facile manner.
On the dynamical motion of a gyro in the presence of external forces
Authors: Amer T. S.
Published: February 2017

This work shed light on the motion of a symmetric rigid body (gyro) about one of its principal axes in the presence of a Newtonian force field besides a gyro moment in which its second component equals null. It is assumed that the body center of mass is shifted slightly relative to the dynamic symmetry axis. The governing equations of motion are investigated taking into account some initial conditions. The desired solutions of these equations are achieved in framework of the small parameter method. The periodic solutions for the case of irrational frequencies are investigated. Euler’s angles have been used to interpret the motion at any time. The geometrical representations of the obtained solutions and the phase plane schemas of these solutions are announced during several plots. Discussion of the results is presented to reinforce the importance of the considered gyro moment and the Newtonian force field. The significance of this problem is due to the framework of its several applications in different industries such as airplanes, submarines, compasses, spaceships, and guided missiles.
Effect of ambient temperature on compressibility and recovery of NiTi shape memory alloys as static seals
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Li Gang , Liu Luwei , Zhu Xiaolei , Tu Shan-Tung
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ambient temperature on compressibility and recovery of NiTi shape memory alloys as static seals. Experimental results indicated that compressibility and recovery of NiTi alloys were dependent on ambient temperature. At T < Af (the austenite finish temperature), the compressibility and recovery coefficients were almost unchanged when the compression stress was higher than a certain level. The residual strain of NiTi alloys increased with a decrease in temperature at T < Af. The residual strain of NiTi alloys was remarkably high at the temperature below Mf (the martensite finish temperature). The recovery coefficient of NiTi alloys at T > Af gradually increased with increasing compression loading. The compressibility and recovery coefficients of NiTi alloys were insignificantly fluctuated at the temperatures between 60°C and 150°C upon the compression loading. The features of strong deformation and martensite reorientation in the compressed NiTi alloys confirmed the temperature effect.
Aerodynamic characteristics of a novel catapult launched morphing tandem-wing unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Gao Liang , Li Changle , Jin Hongzhe , Zhu Yanhe , Zhao Jie , Cai Hegao
Published: February 2017

A novel morphing unmanned aerial vehicle with tandem-wing configuration could fold into a tubular catapult and deploy the four airfoils after launching. Because of the rapid deploying process, the aerodynamic characteristics will become largely different. Numerically investigating the aerodynamic characteristics at low Reynolds numbers (Re < 106) is of great significance for control-stability analysis, control laws design, and overall design. By comparing the numerical simulation results of the different airfoils arrangements, the authors have found that model A is more appropriate for folding configuration and model B will generate more obvious unbalanced downwash flow influence. The lift, drag, and hinge moment of the canard and wing vary significantly during the deploying process. This phenomenon is due to the aerodynamic interference and mutual coupling between the canard and wing. Moreover, the rapider deformation rate will cause higher variable quantity of the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics. The additional movement plays a dominant role in the variable quantity compared with the hysteresis effect. The authors have also tested the catapult launching under folded condition and unfolded condition. And the experimental results coincide better with the simulation results.
Unsteady evaporation and entropy generation in a Couette flow
Authors: Sakly Abir , Mazgar Akram , Farhat Habib , Ben Nejma Faycal
Published: February 2017

A numerical analysis is carried out for unsteady evaporation of a Newtonian fluid Couette flow confined within a cylindrical annulus with relative rotation. The inner wall is humid and adiabatic, whereas the outer one is isothermal and impermeable. The present hydrodynamic and heat-transfer fields are obtained numerically using the finite volumes method. Main attention was paid to the effect of geometrical and thermodynamic parameters on the entropy creation and air evaporation. The results show that the volumetric entropy generation due to thermal conduction and mass diffusion is distinctly developed compared to entropy generated by fluid friction.
Real-time object tracking system based on field-programmable gate array and convolution neural network
Authors: Lyu Congyi , Chen Haoyao , Jiang Xin , Li Peng , Liu Yunhui
Published: February 2017

Vision-based object tracking has lots of applications in robotics, like surveillance, navigation, motion capturing, and so on. However, the existing object tracking systems still suffer from the challenging problem of high computation consumption in the image processing algorithms. The problem can prevent current systems from being used in many robotic applications which have limitations of payload and power, for example, micro air vehicles. In these applications, the central processing unit- or graphics processing unit-based computers are not good choices due to the high weight and power consumption. To address the problem, this article proposed a real-time object tracking system based on field-programmable gate array, convolution neural network, and visual servo technology. The time-consuming image processing algorithms, such as distortion correction, color space convertor, and Sobel edge, Harris corner features detector, and convolution neural network were redesigned using the programmable gates in field-programmable gate array. Based on the field-programmable gate array-based image processing, an image-based visual servo controller was designed to drive a two degree of freedom manipulator to track the target in real time. Finally, experiments on the proposed system were performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the real-time object tracking system.
Flight control law of unmanned aerial vehicles based on robust servo linear quadratic regulator and Kalman filtering
Authors: Zhi Yongfeng , Li Gaoshang , Song Qun , Yu Ke , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2017

A new flight control law for unmanned aerial vehicles based on robust servo linear quadratic regulator control and Kalman filtering is proposed. This flight control law has a simple structure with high dependability in engineering. The pitch angle controller, which is designed based on the robust servo linear quadratic regulator control, is given to show the flight control law. Simulation results show that the pitch angle controller works well under noise-free conditions. Finally, Kalman filtering is applied to the pitch angle controller under noisy conditions, and the simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the influence of noise.
A dynamic zone estimation method using cumulative voxels for autonomous driving
Authors: Lee Seongjo , Cho Seoungjae , Sim Sungdae , Kwak Kiho , Park Yong Woon , Cho Kyungeun
Published: February 2017

Obstacle avoidance and available road identification technologies have been investigated for autonomous driving of an unmanned vehicle. In order to apply research results to autonomous driving in real environments, it is necessary to consider moving objects. This article proposes a preprocessing method to identify the dynamic zones where moving objects exist around an unmanned vehicle. This method accumulates three-dimensional points from a light detection and ranging sensor mounted on an unmanned vehicle in voxel space. Next, features are identified from the cumulative data at high speed, and zones with significant feature changes are estimated as zones where dynamic objects exist. The approach proposed in this article can identify dynamic zones even for a moving vehicle and processes data quickly using several features based on the geometry, height map and distribution of three-dimensional space data. The experiment for evaluating the performance of proposed approach was conducted using ground truth data on simulation and real environment data set.
The ‘New Listening’: Richard Wagner, Nineteenth-Century Opera Culture, and Cinema Theatres
Authors: Ward Meredith C.
Published: February 2017

Cinema designers of the early twentieth century, in a manner that has never been acknowledged by scholars, tapped into a powerful historical discourse on listening from nineteenth-century opera culture in their work of creating ideal sonic spaces. This was the ‘new listening’ of opera in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, and its detached and blissful spectators. Beginning with Wagner’s Bayreuth, and ending with the picture palaces of the 1920s/30s, I trace how an acoustical aesthetic unites these seemingly disparate artistic forms. Acoustical designers created voids that let the spectator’s body feel as if it could dissolve into nothingness as she or he bathed in sound. These cinema designs attempted to elevate film’s aural reputation to that of musical listening, by making cinemas where noise was dampened for the sake of pure artistic experience that was thrilling to the ears. In this, they continued the work Wagner began in the design of his theatre.
Current treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Zhou Changzhi , Hu Yi , Xiao Yang , Yin Wen
Published: February 2017

Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs) often occur with esophageal or bronchial carcinoma. Currently, we rely on implantation of delicate devices, such as self-expanding and silicone stents, in the esophagus or trachea to cover the fistula and expand the stenosis in order to relieve patient pain. However, because each case is different, our approach may not be effective for every patient. Consequently, new devices and technology have emerged to address these situations, such as degradable stents, Amplatzer® devices, endobronchial one-way umbrella-shaped valves, and transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. Although some studies have shown such alternatives can be reasonable solutions in special cases, further development of other new and effectual techniques is of utmost importance.
Multidisciplinary design optimization of the flapping wing system for forward flight
Authors: Choi Jung-Sun , Park Gyung-Jin
Published: February 2017

The success of a flapping wing air vehicle flight is strongly related to the flapping motion and wing structure. Various disciplines should be considered for analysis and design of the flapping wing system. A design process for a flapping wing system is defined by using multidisciplinary design optimization. Unsteady aeroelastic analysis is employed as the system analysis. From the results of the aeroelastic analysis, the deformation of the wing is transmitted to the fluid discipline and the dynamic pressure is conveyed to the structural discipline. In the fluid discipline, a kinematic optimization problem is solved to maximize the time-averaged thrust coefficient and the propulsive efficiency simultaneously. In the structural discipline, nonlinear dynamic topology optimization is performed to find the distribution of reinforcement by using the equivalent static loads method for nonlinear static response structural optimization. The defined design process is applied to a flapping wing air vehicle model and the flapping wing air vehicle model is fabricated based on the optimization results.
Modulation of spray droplet number density and size distribution by an acoustic field
Authors: Achury Javier , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: February 2017

Multiple interactions may occur when a poly-disperse spray is exposed to an acoustic field. In the context of spray combustion instabilities, acoustic agglomeration, the formation of a droplet number density wave and the modulation of the droplet size distribution are interesting effects. A droplet number density wave, i.e. preferential concentration of droplets in space, may result from size-dependent, one-way momentum coupling between the acoustic field and the spray. The modulation of the droplet size distribution, which has been evidenced in the experimental work of Gurubaran and Sujith (AIAA 2008-1046), is thus a consequence of the droplet number density wave formation. In the present work, the mechanisms that produce these effects are simulated and analyzed in depth by means of computational fluid dynamics. The spray is modeled with both Lagrangian (particles mass-point approach) and Eulerian (continuous phase approach) descriptions. The particular Eulerian method used is a variant of the presumed density function method of moments, which allows to account for the effects of poly-dispersity, in particular the size-dependence of particle velocity. Both the Lagrangian and Eulerian models are validated against experimental data for spray dynamics and spray response to an acoustic field.
Framing the Immigration Policy Agenda
Authors: Dekker Rianne , Scholten Peter
Published: February 2017

This study applies a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) design to examine how configurations of quantitative and qualitative aspects of media coverage associate with changes on the policy agenda. We analyze media coverage of sixteen focusing events related to Dutch immigration policies—an intractable policy controversy that is regularly under media scrutiny. In addition to the quantity of media attention, we take into account whether dominant framing in media coverage is contesting the current policy frame and whether the framing in the media is consonant. Our analysis indicates that frame contestation is a necessary condition for media effects. Quantity of media attention and frame consonance are relevant indicators of changes on the policy agenda only when the majority of media coverage is contesting the current policy frame. Furthermore, we found that in the case of intractable policy controversies, media framing can create specific dynamics, such as “David versus Goliath” dynamics where human-interest framing of a single case challenges current policy, or “negotiation dynamics” where competing managerialist frames negotiate policy solutions. An integration of framing and agenda-setting literatures helps develop a better understanding of the occurrence of media effects on the policy agenda and how this effect takes shape in the case of intractable policy controversies.
Rotating Snakes Illusion—Quantitative Analysis Reveals a Region in Luminance Space With Opposite Illusory Rotation
Authors: Atala-Gérard Lea , Bach Michael
Published: February 2017

The Rotating Snakes Illusion employs patterns with repetitive asymmetric luminance steps forming a “snake wheel.” In the underlying luminance sequence {black, dark grey, white, light grey}, coded as {0, g1, 100, g2}, we varied g1 and g2 and measured illusion strength via nulling: Saccades were performed next to a “snake wheel” that rotated physically; observers adjusted rotation until a stationary percept obtained. Observers performed the perceptual nulling of the seeming rotation reliably. Typical settings for (g1, g2), measured from images by Kitaoka, are around (20%, 60%). Indeed, we found a marked illusion in the region (g1≈{0%–25%}, g2≈{20%–75%}) with a rotation speed of ≈1°/s. Surprisingly, we detected a second “island” around (70%, 95%) with opposite direction of the illusory rotation and weaker illusion. Our quantitative measurements of illusion strength confirmed the optimal luminance choices of the standard snake wheel and, unexpectedly, revealed an opposite rotation illusion.
Visceral scalloping on abdominal computed tomography due to abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Bhatia Anmol , Malik Sarthak , Singh Navjeet , Rana Surinder S.
Published: February 2017

Objective:

Scalloping of visceral organs is described in pseudomyxoma peritonei, malignant ascites, among other conditions, but not tuberculosis.

Methods:

We report findings from a retrospective study of patients with abdominal tuberculosis who had visceral scalloping on abdominal computed tomography (CT). Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis was made on the basis of combination of clinical, biochemical, radiological and microbiological criteria. The clinical data, hematological and biochemical parameters, and findings of chest X-ray, CT, Mantoux test, and HIV serology were recorded.

Results:

Of 72 patients with abdominal tuberculosis whose CT scans were included, seven patients had visceral scalloping. The mean age of these patients was 32.14 ± 8.43 years and four were men. While six patients had scalloping of liver, one had splenic scalloping. The patients presented with abdominal pain (all), abdominal distension (five patients), loss of weight or appetite (all), and fever (four patients). Mantoux test was positive in five, while none had HIV infection. The diagnosis was based on fluid (ascitic or collections) evaluation in four patients, ileo-cecal biopsy in one patient, fine needle aspiration from omental thickening in one patient, and sputum positivity for acid fast bacilli (AFB) in one patient. On CT examination, four patients had ascites, five had collections, one had lymphadenopathy, four had peritoneal involvement, three had pleural effusion, and two had ileo-cecal thickening. All except one patient received standard ATT for 6 months or 9 months (one patient). Pigtail drainage for collections was needed for two patients.

Discussion:

This report is the first description of visceral scalloping of liver and spleen in patients with abdominal tuberculosis. Previously, this finding has been reported primarily with pseudomyxoma peritonei and peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Conclusion:

Visceral scalloping may not conclusively distinguish peritoneal tuberculosis from peritoneal carcinomatosis or pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Digital health and the biopolitics of the Quantified Self
Authors: Ajana Btihaj
Published: February 2017

Recent years have witnessed an intensive growth of systems of measurement and an increasing integration of data processes into various spheres of everyday life. From smartphone apps that measure our activity and sleep, to digital devices that monitor our health and performance at the workplace, the culture of measurement is currently on the rise. Encouraged by movements such as the Quantified Self, whose motto is ‘self knowledge through numbers’, a growing number of people across the globe are embracing practices of self-quantification and tracking in the spirit of improving their wellbeing and productivity or charting their fitness progress. In this article, I examine the biopolitical aspects of the Quantified Self practices, exploring some of the ideologies and rationalities underlying self-tracking culture. I argue that such practices represent an instantiation of a ‘biopolitics of the self’ whereby the body is made amenable to management and monitoring techniques that often echo the ethos of neoliberalism. Rather than being restricted to an individualized form, self-tracking practices are also becoming part of a biosocial and communal phenomenon in which individuals are incited to share with others information about their physical activities and biodata. In exploring some examples of this data sharing culture, I critically address the extent to which the sharing of personal physical data can be seen as a ‘solidaristic’ act that can contribute to a larger Big Data ecosystem and inform the wider medical community and healthcare research and policy. I link this discussion to debates on ‘data philanthropy’, highlighting the emerging tension between philanthropic discourses of data sharing and issues of privacy. From here, I go on to discuss further ethical and political concerns, particularly in relation to data security and the marked shifts in healthcare responsibilities.
From a dualized labor market to a dualized welfare state: Employment insecurity and welfare state development in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyoung
Published: February 2017

What explains South Korea’s underdeveloped welfare system and recent departure from it? The existing scholarship fails to offer a compelling theory that accounts for the trajectory of the Korean welfare state. Finding dominant theories stressing variables such as regime type or globalization inadequate, this article argues that Korea’s dualized labor market has been a critical factor in shaping institutions of social protection. Its labor markets are characterized by segmentation between insiders who benefit from strong employment protection and outsiders who are exposed to a greater degree of labor market risk. Korea’s welfare system, which is built on the provision of welfare benefits to insiders, has replicated this labor market dualism. The recent expansion of social protection also reflects the insider–outsider division, with the interest of insiders being key variables. The weakening of employment protection, or the prospect of it, led this key group to develop an interest in more broad-based social protection programs. Based on this political logic, this article provides an analysis of Korea’s welfare state development.
Consistent pattern of DRPK’s policy on ROK: What shapes North Korea’s foreign policy?
Authors: Hong Suk-Hoon , Cho Yun-Young
Published: February 2017

Identity is the basis of North Korea’s regime legitimacy. As a divided country, North Korea’s legitimacy is forged in the inter-Korean comparison. This paper starts with the question of what factors influence whether North Korea chooses to implement risky or cooperative policies toward South Korea, as well as what role domestic politics and ideology play in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK) formation and enactment of foreign policy.

This paper confirmed that the Pyongyang leadership’s policy priority has mostly depended on identity need. Also, we infer that Pyongyang tends to take a hostile stance whenever the South government is willing to infringe Pyongyang’s legitimacy and dignity regardless of the South’s economic assistance. This research attempts to explain how historical and cultural contexts play in the DPRK’s formation of its policy toward the Republic of Korea, and also examines Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of the Pyongyang regime, through the lens of content analysis in order to determine the DPRK’s perception and policy preferences toward the The Republic of Korea (ROK).
The Effectiveness of a Vocational Enablement Protocol for Employees With Hearing Difficulties
Authors: Gussenhoven Arjenne H. M. , Anema Johannes R. , Witte Birgit I. , Goverts S. Theo , Kramer Sophia E.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a vocational enablement protocol (VEP) on need for recovery (NFR) after work as compared with usual care for employees with hearing difficulties. In a randomized controlled trial design, 136 employees with hearing impairment were randomly assigned to either the VEP or the control group. VEP is a multidisciplinary program integrating audiological and occupational care for individuals experiencing difficulties in the workplace due to hearing loss. The primary outcome measure was NFR. Secondary outcome measures were communication strategy subscales (e.g., self-acceptance and maladaptive behavior), distress, and self-efficacy. Data were collected using questionnaires at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months follow-up. No significant difference over the complete follow-up period was found between the intervention and control group for NFR. However, we observed a significant difference for one of the secondary outcomes after 12 months. “Self-acceptance” increased significantly in the VEP group, compared with the controls. The mean difference between the two groups was small, being only 0.24 (95% CI [0.04, 0.44]) on a scale of 1 to 5. The results do not support the use of VEP if the aim is to reduce NFR after work at 12 months follow-up. It may be that NFR does not adequately capture what is covered in the VEP. Although marginal, the effect on self-acceptance was significant. This is encouraging given that positive effects on self-acceptance have rarely been shown for audiological rehabilitation programs. Suggestions for further improvement of the VEP are discussed.
The Use of Home Spirometry in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Shakkottai Aarti , Nasr Samya Z.
Published: February 2017

Medication adherence is poor among pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, with adolescents having one of the lowest adherence rates. We wanted to identify an adherence intervention that would be acceptable to CF adolescents and assess its feasibility. We surveyed 40 adolescents with CF and asked about barriers to and motivators for their own adherence and to generate ideas for potential adherence interventions. Since most of the respondents chose frequent spirometry at home and medication reminders for interventions, we selected 5 subjects, 10 to 14 years of age, with CF to test the feasibility of home spirometry and medication reminders in pediatric CF patients. This article summarizes the results of both the survey and the feasibility pilot study.
Environmental and Social Factors in Preventing, Assessing, and Treating Problem Behavior in Young Children
Authors: Donaldson Jeanne M. , Austin Jennifer L.
Published: February 2017

Problem behavior (e.g., noncompliance, hitting) is common among young children but, depending on the child’s environment, potentially can lead to future social, emotional, and academic problems. Research in applied behavior analysis has identified many contextual variables that support appropriate behavior and provides clear suggestions for preventing frequent and persistent problem behavior. Although many empirically supported recommendations derive from the current research base, future research needs to fine-tune some of the strategies, and policy support is required to put those recommendations in place. Specific recommendations support parents and early child care professionals/teachers in preventing, assessing, and treating problem behavior in young children.
Professional Credentialing of Practicing Behavior Analysts
Authors: Carr James E. , Nosik Melissa R.
Published: February 2017

Treatments based on applied behavior analysis (ABA)—an applied science of human behavior—have been increasingly recognized in public policy, both at the federal and state levels. Despite this recognition, however, the relative newness of the science often raises questions about the nature of the treatment approach and the qualifications and regulation of its practitioners. Thus, the present article is a primer on the features of ABA most relevant to public policy stakeholders, including professional certification, licensure, and workforce expansion.
Reinforcement Contingencies in Language Acquisition
Authors: Petursdottir Anna Ingeborg , Mellor James R.
Published: February 2017

Childhood language delays and language impairments negatively impact educational outcomes and quality of life. In spite of previously prevailing views to the contrary, evidence suggests that children’s language acquisition is affected by contingent responses of caregivers and conversation partners, as well as by the other consequences of speaking. In other words, reinforcement contingencies play a role in language acquisition. Decades of ongoing research have documented how to arrange reinforcement contingencies to support acquisition of language and communication skills in children with varying degrees of language impairment. The existing expertise in this area should be leveraged in the design of service delivery models that provide opportunities for effective reinforcement contingencies to operate throughout the day and support acquisition of skills that have failed to develop through naturally occurring interactions.
Decision-Based Disorders
Authors: Bickel Warren K. , Pope Derek A. , Moody Lara N. , Snider Sarah E. , Athamneh Liqa N. , Stein Jeffrey S. , Mellis Alexandra M.
Published: February 2017

Dysfunctional health behavior is a contemporary challenge, exemplified by the increasingly significant portion of health problems stemming from people’s own behavior and decision making. The challenge not only includes the direct consequences of unhealthy behavioral patterns but also their origins and the creation of policies that effectively decrease their frequency. A framework rooted in behavioral economics identifies the processes and mechanisms underlying poor health. Two behavioral economic processes, economic demand and delay discounting, are discussed in detail. Through continued development, this behavioral economic framework can guide improved outcomes in treatment and policies related to dysfunctional health behavior. Approaches are evolving to alter demand and discounting. Current and prospective policies aimed at decreasing unhealthy behavior may profit from such research.