bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Target for Intervention in At-Risk Children
Authors: Safaningrum Anggi Cecilia
Published: April 2020

Aim: Determine whether effects of poverty on academic achievement are mediated by effects of poverty on executive cognitive functions. Methods: Web-based classroom-administered tests assessed executive function in 5717 children grades k-8 in 40 schools, and poverty level and academic achievement for each school were drawn from US Department of Education data. Boot-strapping procedures were used to evaluate mediation by executive function of the association between poverty and academic proficiency. Results: Executive function and academic achievement were both related to school poverty (pearson r −0.50 to −0.65, p = 0.0009 to <0.0001). Estimated indirect effects of poverty on reading (−0.26, 95% CI: −0.47, −0.07) and math (−0.23, 95% CI: −0.44, −0.06) through effects on executive function were significant. Controlling for executive function, effects of poverty on reading (−0.58 to −0.31) and math (−0.59 to −0.35) were diminished, indicating partial mediation of effects of poverty on reading and math via effects on executive function. Conclusion: Interventions that enhance executive function in children in impoverished and/or violent environments could mitigate damaging effects of these environments on neurocognitive and associated life and health outcomes. Without intervention, many young adults in troubled areas of the world will be ill-prepared for productive function in society.
Location of Diaspora in V.S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River
Authors: Mishra Sanjay Kumar
Published: April 2020

The paper explores the traumatic experiences of diaspora in V. S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River. It shows how immigrants turn vulnerable in a newly decolonized world. It argues that people suffer from identity crisis when they are culturally and geographically alienated. Identity is inextricably bound up with the notion of location. It analyses the traumatic experiences of diaspora problem of making identity, finding and making location are revealed through Naipaul’s writing. It brings to light the expression of identity in diaspora belonging and alienation diaspora, exile, dislocation and displacement.
Presence of Africa in African-American Literature
Authors: Dhakal Lekha Nath
Published: April 2020

African traditions and rituals survived the antagonistic forces which transported them from their ancestral lands to other continents is an established fact in world history. However, how they have been employed in varied artistic forms still requires further investigation. The traditions and rituals still practiced by the people of African diaspora in various parts of the globe are connected to Africa. These primitive traditions stored both orally and in written form are abundantly found in African-American literature.
Association of MAOA-uVNTR gene polymorphism with hostility in an open population of males aged 45-64 in Russia / Siberia (international program: WHO «MONICA-psychosocial», «HAPIEE»)
Authors: Gafarov V. V. , Gromova E. A. , Panov D. O. , Gagulin I. V. , Maksimov V. N. , Gafarova A. V.
Published: April 2020

Objective: to study the association of hostility with high and low-active variants of the MAOA gene in an open population of men 45-64 years old. Using the methods proposed by the WHO International Program “MONICA-psychosocial” and “HAPIEE”, a representative sample of men aged 45–64 years old (n = 781 men, average age was 56.48 ± 0.2 years) in 2003-2005. All respondents independently completed a questionnaire on hostility. From the surveyed sample, using the random number method, 156 men were selected who were genotyped for MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism. It was approved that the level of hostility in the population of men was 60.3%. It was revealed that among persons with low-active alleles of the MAOA-L gene (allele 2 and 3) a high level of hostility was more common — 50.9%. The results of building a logistic regression model showed that the presence of low-active alleles (2; 3) of the MAOA gene increases the likelihood of hostility OR = 2,103 (95% CI 1,137-3,889, p = 0.018). The results obtained allow us to conclude that the low-active allele of the MAOA-L gene is associated with hostility.
Internet addiction predictors: analysis of psychological factors
Authors: Trusova A. V. , Grechanyi S. V. , Soldatkin V. A. , Yakovlev A. N. , Ilyuk R. D. , Chuprova N. A. , Nikolishin А. Е. , Ponizovskiy P. A. , Kibitov A. A. , Vantej V. B. , Gromyko D. I. , Dolgih N. N. , Erofeeva N. A. , Ilichev A. B. , Magomedova E. A. , Nechaeva A. I. , Pashkevich N. V. , Pozdnyak V. V. , Semenova Y. S. , Sidorov A. A. , Khanykov V. V. , Khutoryanskaya J. V. , Krupitsky E. M. , Shmukler A. B. , Egorov A. Yu. , Kibitov A. O.
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of a study of individual psychological factors that are potentially significant for the development of Internet addiction (IA), carried out as part of the Russian interdisciplinary research project to identify a system of high-risk markers for developing IA. As a result of the analysis, a model of psychological predictors of IA was obtained, which includes personality characteristics — high nonplanning impulsiveness (as a lack of forethought and ability to follow future plans), and low self-direction (concerning to Cloninger’s psychobiological model of personality). Additionally, childhood experiences of living in a community with a high level of violence were included in the model as one of the psychological predictors. The male gender also entered one of the final models as a risk factor for the development of IA. The results can be used as the basis for the development of targeted psychological assistance programs and preventive measures aimed at improving the specific characteristics of inhibitory control and the development of self-awareness.
Interrelation of auto-immune process, endocrine disorders and depression
Authors: Mayorova M. A. , Petrova N. N. , Stroev U. I. , Churilov L. P. , Shoenfeld Y.
Published: April 2020

Disturbances in immune and endocrine regulation are closely interrelated with development of psychiatric diseases, including affective disorders. Depression may be a characteristic of at least 23 autoimmune diseases. Negative influence on the depression development have: an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines, impairment of T-regulatory cells, kynurenine pathway shift towards production of its potentially neurotoxic metabolites, overproduction of stress hormones, hyperleptinemia, hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, as well as vitamin D, calcidiol and calcitriol deficiency. In this review we analysed the development and accumulation of ideas and facts regarding the interrelation between autoimmune and affective pathology.
Copanlisib-Associated Skin Toxicity: A Peculiar Case of Copanlisib-Induced Skin Rash in a Patient with Refractory Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Findakly Dawood , Findakly Dawood , Amar Surabhi
Published: April 2020

Background: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is an essential target in lymphoid tumors therapy.
Copanlisib is a novel class of medication that targets PI3K and used for the treatment of relapsing or
refractory B-cell lymphomas.
Case Presentation: A 42-year-old woman presents to our hospital for worsening abdominal pain.
Examination pertinent for axillary lymphadenopathy, and abdominal ascites. CT chest, abdomen and pelvis
reported multiple lung nodules, pleural effusions, extensive retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, and
peritoneal carcinomatosis. Lymph node and bone marrow biopsies confirmed B-cell follicular lymphoma
and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing was positive for translocation t(14:18). Her disease was
refractory to multiple chemotherapy regimens. Thus, initiated copanlisib therapy with a remarkable
response, but the patient developed a diffuse maculopapular rash and skin biopsy-proven to be drug rash.
Therefore, copanlisib was discontinued.
Conclusion: Here, we report a case of a middle-aged woman who developed a rash after the fifth cycle of
copanlisib therapy. This case report will create awareness of evolving possible side effects in this novel
chemotherapeutic agent.
Surgical Benefits of Prone Position Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy Over Open Thoracic and Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy in Left Lateral Decubitus Position: A Literature Review
Authors: Koyanagi Kazuo , Koyanagi Kazuo , Yatabe Kentaro , Yamamoto Miho , Ozawa Soji , Higuchi Tadashi , Ninomiya Yamato
Published: April 2020

Objective: We reviewed the surgical outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), especially the
number of lymph nodes retrieved, for the patients with esophageal cancer to clarify the surgical benefits of
MIE in patients with esophageal cancer.
Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed, and articles that fully described the
surgical results of MIE were selected. Parameters such as operative time, blood loss, the number of lymph
nodes retrieved, and postoperative complications were compared among patients undergoing minimally
invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in the left lateral decubitus position (MIE-LP), MIE in the prone position
(MIE-PP), and open thoracic esophagectomy (OE).
Results: The conversion rate from MIE to OE was very low. MIE-PP was associated with lower blood loss
than OE and MIE-LP. Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial demonstrated that pneumonia
and recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in MIE-PP significantly reduced compared with OE. Although
postoperative complications were not different between MIE-PP and MIE-LP, the number of lymph nodes
retrieved in MIE-PP was higher than that in MIE-LP.
Conclusion: MIE-PP has potential benefits in terms of less surgical invasiveness and improvement of
mediastinal lymph node dissection. A prospective randomized control trial using a large number of cases
and long-term follow-up is recommended for analyses of appropriate mediastinal lymph node dissection
and its impact on oncological benefit.
INTERVALO DE RECUPERAÇÃO AUTO-SUGERIDO: EFEITO AGUDO NA QUANTIDADE DE REPETIÇÕES E NA DENSIDADE DE TREINAMENTO EM HOMENS TREINADOS
Authors: Sosciarelli Vandré , Polito Marcos
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar intervalos de recuperação fixos e auto-sugerido durante o exercício supino com barra em homens treinados. Participaram 12 homens treinados e saudáveis (27,5 ± 4,5 anos; 77,8 ± 7,2 kg; 180,1 ± 11,3 cm). O experimento teve a duração de cinco dias não consecutivos. Os dois primeiros dias foram utilizados para a obtenção de uma repetição máxima (1RM) no exercício supino. Nos demais dias, seguindo um delineamento aleatorizado e cruzado, os sujeitos realizaram quatro séries até a exaustão com 70% de 1RM, adotando-se como intervalos de recuperação o tempo de 1 a 2 min (INT1), 2 a 3 min (INT2) e auto-sugerido (AS). Em AS, o sujeito descansava o período que achasse necessário, sem acesso ao tempo de descanso. A análise dos resultados mostrou que o INT1 apresentou menor número de repetições (28,9 ± 4,7) somente em relação ao intervalo AS (34,0 ± 7,2; P=0,02). Por outro lado, a densidade do treinamento do INT1 foi maior (5,6 ± 1,8) que INT2 (4,5 ± 1,3; P=0,002) e AS (3,8 ± 1,4; P=0,004). Concluindo, intervalos com maior duração se mostram mais eficazes na manutenção do número de repetições, enquanto que intervalos com menor duração podem apresentar uma densidade de treinamento superior.
ANÁLISE DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPAIS NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS PRIMORDIAIS EM ESPORTES COLETIVOS
Authors: Figueiredo Diego Hilgemberg , Figueiredo Diogo Hilgemberg , Gonçalves Helcio Rossi , Stanganelli Luiz Claudio Reeberg , Dourado Antônio Carlos
Published: April 2020

RESUMO: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: demonstrar por meio da análise de componentes principais (ACP), quais as variáveis que poderiam estar mais relacionadas com o desempenho de atletas de modalidades coletivas, podendo assim colaborar com uma maior caracterização das mesmas e testar se a utilização da técnica multivariada de análise por meio da ACP seria capaz de sintetizar essas variáveis. Fizeram parte do estudo 108 atletas (38 do gênero masculino e 70 do feminino) representantes da cidade de Londrina nos Jogos da Juventude do Paraná de 2008 e 2011 que integravam as modalidades de futsal, handebol, basquetebol e voleibol. Foram realizadas medidas de composição corporal por meio de plestimografia por deslocamento de ar, estatura e massa corporal, saltos verticais em placa de contato, testes de agilidade e velocidade, flexões abdominais e o teste de corrida de Leger. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) foi utilizada na tentativa de sumarizar em fatores as variáveis investigadas para todas as modalidades investigadas. Foram identificados 4 componentes principais para as modalidades de Futsal e Voleibol, representando 79,7% e 77% da variância total e de 3 componentes para as modalidades Basquetebol e Handebol, respondendo por 77% e 81,6% da variância total. A ACP foi capaz de identificar e discriminar as variáveis que mais respondem pela variância total em modalidades coletivas. As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a formação dos componentes vão de encontro com os principais atributos específicos das modalidades estudadas, identificando assim as principais variáveis que em tese poderiam contribuir para o sucesso esportivo nas modalidades em questão.
PRÁTICAS CORPORAIS DE AVENTURA NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESPANHOLA: UM ESTUDO COM FOCO NOS CONTEÚDOS E OBJETIVOS
Authors: Inácio Humberto Luís de Deus , Baena-Extremera Antonio
Published: April 2020

Este texto apresenta os conteúdos de Práticas Corporais de Aventura mais utilizados em aulas de Educação Física nos níveis de primária e secundária em um extrato do contexto espanhol, bem como os objetivos elencados pelos professores para efetivá-los. De cunho quase-experimental e qualitativo, a pesquisa teve como fonte de dados uma amostra 55 professores respondentes a um questionário e observações de campo efetuadas durante o acompanhamento de 5 saídas da escola; além disso, foi realizado cruzamento com artigos científicos publicados sobre a temática da inserção de PCAs nas aulas de EF e disponíveis em uma base especializada. Os resultados apontam que o conteúdo mais utilizado é a Orientação, seguido de Caminhada, Escalada, Bicicleta e Esqui. Os objetivos são – primeiro, a iniciação à prática específica que está sendo desenvolvida em aula e, logo, de atender o que está disposto na legislação do Estado espanhol, passando pelas competências motrizes até a Educação em valores.
A suplementação com vitamina C e E pode atrapalhar as adaptações ao treinamento físico?
Authors: De Salles Painelli Vitor
Published: April 2020

Quando executado cronicamente, o exercício aeróbio promove inúmeros benefícios sobre o desempenho físico e a saúde. No entanto, sessões agudas de exercício aeróbio provocam a produção de Radicais Livres, cujo acúmulo está associado a diversos efeitos prejudiciais sobre a célula, e em última instância, sobre a saúde. Apesar da existência de defesas antioxidantes nas células musculares, e da sugestão de que a presença dos Radicais Livres funcionaria como um importante gatilho para algumas adaptações ao treinamento físico, é crescente o número de trabalhos investigando se a suplementação com antioxidantes, tais como as Vitaminas C e E, pode atenuar o surgimento dos Radicais Livres produzidos durante o exercício e treinamento aeróbio. É igualmente crescente o número de estudos averiguando se a suplementação com antioxidantes poderia interferir com certas adaptações ao treinamento aeróbio. Logo, o objetivo deste Ponto de Vista foi examinar se as evidências literárias existentes permitem concluir se a suplementação com antioxidantes interfere com a adaptação das defesas antioxidantes endógenas, de fatores relacionados ao conteúdo e função mitocondriais, e do consumo máximo de oxigênio. Observa-se escassez e controvérsia nos estudos sobre este assunto, onde fatores relacionados ao baixo número amostral, ao curto período de exposição aos protocolos de treinamento, e à ausência de padronização nas medidas fisiológicas sendo mensuradas ainda causam dificuldade no estabelecimento de conclusões definitivas. Entretanto, as poucas evidências oriundas de estudos bem controlados sugerem que algumas adaptações, em especial aquelas relacionadas à biogênese e atividade mitocondrial, podem ser atrapalhadas com a adição das Vitaminas C e/ou E ao treinamento aeróbio.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ARBITRAGEM NA GINÁSTICA ARTÍSTICA MASCULINA DO BRASIL SEGUNDO A PERSPECTIVA DE SEUS PROTAGONISTAS
Authors: Oliveira Mauricio Santos , Noé Filipe Alves , Bortoleto Marco Antonio Coelho
Published: April 2020

A Ginástica Artística possui um sistema de pontuação qualitativo no qual a apreciação subjetiva é pautada por um intrincado conjunto de regras que visa garantir uma classificação justa dos competidores. Frequentemente, devido a essa característica qualitativa do processo avaliativo da Ginástica Artística, seja através da mídia ou em manifestações públicas durante os eventos competitivos, podemos constatar a insatisfação de atletas, treinadores e do público acerca das notas obtidas, isto é, sobre a avaliação realizada. Compreendemos que quanto maior for o nível técnico da competição, mais sutis serão as diferenças nas apresentações dos atletas e, por conseguinte, maior será a importância da precisão da arbitragem para determinar os ginastas campeões. Parte da complexidade desse sistema de avaliação reside na formação adequada e especializada dos árbitros, assim como na necessidade de atualização constante e experiência em competições dos mesmos. Dito isso, objetivamos discutir aspectos distintos inerentes à arbitragem na Ginástica Artística Masculina brasileira. Metodologicamente realizamos um estudo descritivo exploratório, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas da modalidade que atuam diretamente com a arbitragem. Para a organização e o tratamento dos dados, recorremos à Análise de Conteúdo, segundo os pressupostos estabelecidos por Laurence Bardin. Os resultados destacam avanços consideráveis na formação e nas condições de atuação dos árbitros brasileiros, assim como o incentivo para que continuem a se aprimorar na carreira. No entanto, a escassa oferta de cursos dificulta o aprimoramento da arbitragem, bem como o aumento da quantidade de árbitros. Aspecto que, consequentemente, afeta o desenvolvimento da modalidade no país.
DIGRESSÕES ACERCA DA CIÊNCIA APLICADA DO MOVIMENTO HUMANO (OU SOBRE COMO PODEM PROSPERAR REVOLUÇÕES SIMBÓLICAS NA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA?)
Authors: Souza Juliano de
Published: April 2020

A partir da localização do debate epistemológico da Educação Física brasileira frente aos ímpetos de desenvolvimento mais marcantes dessa agenda em escala internacional, irei, de um ponto de vista metacientífico, reunir argumentos em favor da ideia de que a Educação Física não só possui um objeto investigativo delimitado como também se configura como ciência aplicada do movimento humano. Nesse percurso, vou sugerir que o movimento humano pode ser reconduzido ao centro do debate epistemológico da área, no propósito de se estabelecer um “consenso mínimo” para orientar a atividade científica e as ações pedagógicas no campo da Educação Física. Em termos mais específicos, o que eu tentarei fazer ao longo do manuscrito é reabilitar, por um lado, o movimento humano como “núcleo duro” e, de saída, não-refutável, do grande programa de pesquisa da Educação Física mundial. Por outro lado, situarei no âmbito do “cinturão protetor” refutável que envolve o referido “núcleo”, uma série de hipóteses auxiliares que, ao serem perspectivadas relacionalmente a partir de critérios de demarcação metodológicos e históricos, permitem não só reconhecer atualmente a Educação Física na condição de ciência aplicada, como também representam uma transferência progressiva de problemas no domínio do programa de pesquisa em questão. Subjacente a essa estrutura analítica, repousa, em linhas gerais, os esforços sintéticos de Imre Lakatos e, sobretudo, de Pierre Bourdieu no sentido de apresentarem, cada qual ao seu modo, uma solução ao debate instalado no campo da Filosofia da Ciência entre Popper e Kuhn. Na esteira dessa argumentação, concluo que as “revoluções regionalistas” no campo da Educação Física não puderam emergir como “revoluções simbólicas” bem-sucedidas, muito embora tenham lançado contributos significativos para que um “projeto criador” dessa natureza possa ou não futuramente vigorar.
PROCURA PELO TREINAMENTO PERSONALIZADO E FIDELIZAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO COM CLIENTES DE PERSONAL TRAINER NAS ACADEMIAS DE DIVINÓPOLIS-MG
Authors: Soares Souza Mateus Teixeira , Drummond Lucas Rios , Salgado José Vítor Vieira
Published: April 2020

A procura por uma vida saudável tem aumentado no Brasil, com isso o número de adeptos a exercício físico tem aumentado significativamente dentro das academias, a partir disto surge à profissão personal trainer, um novo serviço oferecido na área da educação física. O estudo teve por objetivo descobrir qual dimensão motivacional leva um cliente a buscar um treinamento personalizado, e o que levam esses sujeitos a se fidelizarem com esse tipo de serviço. A ferramenta de análise do estudo foi o inventário IMPRAFE- 54, com perguntas relacionadas à motivação da prática regular de exercício físico, adaptando para a prática regular de exercício físico orientado pelo personal trainer. A amostra foi composta por 30 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária variando de 18 a 91 anos de idade, que praticam exercício físico a mais de seis meses orientadas e com acompanhamento de personal trainer, por no mínimo duas vezes por semana, nas academias da cidade de Divinópolis-MG. Os resultados foram analisados através do software estatístico SPSS 20.0 for Windows Release. O tempo de prática de exercício físico anterior à realização do acompanhamento dos treinamentos personalizado foi de 6,3 ± 5,8 anos entre os entrevistados, já o tempo médio de prática orientado por um personal trainer foi de 2,7 ± 2,3 anos e com uma frequência semanal de treinamentos de 3,7 ± 1,1. Os resultados mostraram que Saúde é um fator determinante tanto para prática de exercício físico, quanto para buscar o treinamento com o personal trainer, fatores como prazer e beleza também se mostram relevantes para realizar exercício físico orientado, no entanto, o que mais demonstrou motivar a se fidelizar é atenção dada pelo personal trainer.
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM POPULAÇÕES RURAIS DO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Wanzeler Felipe Saul da costa , Nogueira Júlia Aparecida Devidé
Published: April 2020

A presente revisão sintetizou evidências sobre a prática de atividade física e fatores associados em populações rurais brasileiras. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde no período de 2008 a 2018. Foram incluídos artigos originais, em idiomas: Inglês e/ou Português, realizados com populações rurais. A análise final foi composta por 17 artigos. Desses, 36% são provenientes de pesquisas realizadas na região nordeste, 29% na região sudeste, 29% na região sul, 6% na região norte; não havendo registro de pesquisa realizada na região centro-oeste do país. A maioria das publicações ocorreu a partir do ano de 2014 (82%). As evidências revelaram elevadas frequências de insuficientemente ativos entre as populações rurais (de 13 a 77%), especialmente no domínio lazer, independentemente da faixa etária. As maiores frequências de suficientemente ativos foram nos domínios trabalho, deslocamento e domicílio, com diferenças por sexo. A atividade física foi positivamente associada aos fatores de saúde: estado nutricional, aspectos cognitivos, qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, autopercepção de saúde e as doenças crônicas. Em relação as características metodológicas, as pesquisas analisadas eram quantitativas, transversais e utilizaram questionários. Para além dos impactos fisiológicos atrelados ao gasto energético total, deve-se questionar se a atividade física no trabalho, deslocamento e domicílio, muitas vezes realizada em condições adversas, também promove saúde. A incorporação de outros referenciais teóricos as pesquisas, como o da epidemiologia crítica, delineamentos mais robustos e metodologias qualitativas podem ampliar a compreensão da atividade física no contexto de vida das populações rurais.
Prognostic factors of postoperative seizure outcomes in older patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: He Xinghui , Zhou Jian , Guan Yuguang , Zhai Feng , Li Tianfu , Luan Guoming
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

The authors of this study aimed to investigate surgical outcomes and prognostic factors in older patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who had undergone resective surgery.

METHODS

Data on patients older than 45 years of age with drug-resistant TLE who had undergone resective surgery at Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2009 and August 2017 were retrospectively collected. Postoperative seizure outcomes were evaluated according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification. Patients belonging to ILAE classes 1 and 2 were classified as having a favorable outcome, whereas patients belonging to ILAE classes 3–6 were classified as having an unfavorable outcome. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the potential predictors of seizure outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 45 patients older than 45 years of age who had undergone resective epilepsy surgery for TLE were included in the present study. Eight (17.8%) of 45 patients had preoperative comorbidity in addition to seizures. The average age at the time of surgery was 51.76 years, and the average duration of epilepsy at the time surgery was 18.01 years. After an average follow-up period of 4.53 ± 2.82 years (range 2–10 years), 73.3% (33/45) of patients were seizure free. Surgical complications were observed in 13.3% of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that an MRI-negative finding is the only independent predictor of unfavorable seizure outcomes (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.67, p = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Resective surgery is a safe and effective treatment for older patients with drug-resistant TLE. An MRI-negative finding independently predicts unfavorable seizure outcomes.
Stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy for epilepsy associated with solitary and multiple cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Satzer David , Tao James X. , Issa Naoum P. , Chen Ziyi , Wu Shasha , Rose Sandra , Collins John , Awad Issam A. , Warnke Peter C.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to perform a preliminary assessment of the safety and effectiveness of stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for patients with cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM)–related epilepsy.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed 6 patients with CCM-related epilepsy who underwent LITT. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative brain MRI studies were used to characterize preoperative CCM volume, ablation volume, and postablation hemosiderin volume. Clinical outcomes were assessed postoperatively during clinic follow-up visits or phone interviews.

RESULTS

LITT was performed in 7 CCMs in 6 patients. Two patients had familial CCM disease with multifocal lesions. Four treated CCMs were extratemporal, and 3 were in or near the visual pathways. The median follow-up was 25 (range 12–39) months. Five of 6 (83%) patients achieved seizure freedom (Engel I classification), of whom 4 (67%) were Engel IA and 1 was Engel IC after a single seizure on postoperative day 4. The remaining patient had rare seizures (Engel II). One patient had a nondisabling visual field deficit. There were no hemorrhagic complications. All patients were discharged within 24 hours postablation. MRI 3–11 months after ablation demonstrated expected focal necrosis and trace hemosiderin-related T2 hypointensity measuring 9%–44% (median 24%) of the original lesion volume, with significant (p = 0.04) volume reduction.

CONCLUSIONS

LITT is a minimally invasive option for treating CCM-related epilepsy with seizure outcomes comparable to those achieved with open lesionectomy. The precision of LITT allows for the obliteration of eloquent, deep, small, and multifocal lesions with low complication rates, minimal postoperative discomfort, and short hospital stays. In this study the feasibility and benefits of this method were demonstrated in 2 patients with multifocal lesions.
Utility of magnetic source imaging in nonlesional focal epilepsy: a prospective study
Authors: Mohamed Ismail Sidky , Toffa Dènahin Hinnoutondji , Robert Manon , Cossette Patrick , Bérubé Arline-Aude , Saint-Hilaire Jean-Marc , Bouthillier Alain , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

For patients with nonlesional refractory focal epilepsy (NLRFE), localization of the epileptogenic zone may be more arduous than for other types of epilepsy and frequently requires information from multiple noninvasive presurgical modalities and intracranial EEG (icEEG). In this prospective, blinded study, the authors assessed the clinical added value of magnetic source imaging (MSI) in the presurgical evaluation of patients with NLRFE.

METHODS

This study prospectively included 57 consecutive patients with NLRFE who were considered for epilepsy surgery. All patients underwent noninvasive presurgical evaluation and then MSI. To determine the surgical plan, discussion of the results of the presurgical evaluation was first undertaken while discussion participants were blinded to the MSI results. MSI results were then presented. MSI influence on the initial management plan was assessed.

RESULTS

MSI results influenced patient management in 32 patients. MSI results led to the following changes in surgical strategy in 14 patients (25%): allowing direct surgery in 6 patients through facilitating the detection of subtle cortical dysplasia in 4 patients and providing additional concordant diagnostic information to other presurgical workup in another 2 patients; rejection of surgery in 3 patients originally deemed surgical candidates; change of plan from direct surgery to icEEG in 2 patients; and allowing icEEG in 3 patients deemed not surgical candidates. MSI results led to changed electrode locations and contact numbers in another 18 patients. Epilepsy surgery was performed in 26 patients influenced by MSI results and good surgical outcome was achieved in 21 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

This prospective, blinded study showed that information provided by MSI allows more informed icEEG planning and surgical outcome in a significant percentage of patients with NLRFE and should be included in the presurgical workup in those patients.
Pediatric functional hemispherectomy: operative techniques and complication avoidance
Authors: Young Christopher C. , Williams John R. , Feroze Abdullah H. , McGrath Margaret , Ravanpay Ali C. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Hauptman Jason S.
Published: April 2020

Functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy is a disconnection procedure for severe medically refractory epilepsy where the seizure foci diffusely localize to one hemisphere. It is an improvement on anatomical hemispherectomy and was first performed by Rasmussen in 1974. Less invasive surgical approaches and refinements have been made to improve seizure freedom and minimize surgical morbidity and complications. Key anatomical structures that are disconnected include the 1) internal capsule and corona radiata, 2) mesial temporal structures, 3) insula, 4) corpus callosum, 5) parietooccipital connection, and 6) frontobasal connection. A stepwise approach is indicated to ensure adequate disconnection and prevent seizure persistence or recurrence. In young pediatric patients, careful patient selection and modern surgical techniques have resulted in > 80% seizure freedom and very good functional outcome. In this report, the authors summarize the history of hemispherectomy and its development and present a graphical guide for this anatomically challenging procedure. The use of the osteoplastic flap to improve outcome and the management of hydrocephalus are discussed.
Cingulate gyrus epilepsy: semiology, invasive EEG, and surgical approaches
Authors: Chou Chien-Chen , Lee Cheng-Chia , Lin Chun-Fu , Chen Yi-Hsiu , Peng Syu-Jyun , Hsiao Fu-Jung , Yu Hsiang-Yu , Chen Chien , Chen Hsin-Hung , Shih Yang-Hsin
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

The semiology of cingulate gyrus epilepsy is varied and may involve the paracentral area, the adjacent limbic system, and/or the orbitofrontal gyrus. Invasive electroencephalography (iEEG) recording is usually required for patients with deeply located epileptogenic foci. This paper reports on the authors’ experiences in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with focal epilepsy originating in the cingulate gyrus.

METHODS

Eighteen patients (median age 24 years, range 5–53 years) with a mean seizure history of 23 years (range 2–32 years) were analyzed retrospectively. The results of presurgical evaluation, surgical strategy, and postoperative pathology are reported, as well as follow-up concerning functional morbidity and seizures (median follow-up 7 years, range 2–12 years).

RESULTS

Patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy presented with a variety of semiologies and scalp EEG patterns. Prior to ictal onset, 11 (61%) of the patients presented with aura. Initial ictal symptoms included limb posturing in 12 (67%), vocalization in 5, and hypermotor movement in 4. In most patients (n = 16, 89%), ictal EEG presented as widespread patterns with bilateral hemispheric origin, as well as muscle artifacts obscuring the onset of EEG during the ictal period in 11 patients. Among the 18 patients who underwent resection, the pathology revealed mild malformation of cortical development in 2, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) Ib in 4, FCD IIa in 4, FCD IIb in 4, astrocytoma in 1, ganglioglioma in 1, and gliosis in 2. The seizure outcome after surgery was satisfactory: Engel class IA in 12 patients, IIB in 3, IIIA in 1, IIIB in 1, and IVB in 1 at the 2-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the authors exploited the improved access to the cingulate epileptogenic network made possible by the use of 3D electrodes implanted using stereoelectroencephalography methodology. Under iEEG recording and intraoperative neuromonitoring, epilepsy surgery on lesions in the cingulate gyrus can result in good outcomes in terms of seizure recurrence and the incidence of postoperative permanent deficits.
Cavernoma-related epilepsy in cavernous malformations located within the temporal lobe: surgical management and seizure outcome
Authors: Schuss Patrick , Marx Julia , Borger Valeri , Brandecker Simon , Güresir Ági , Hadjiathanasiou Alexis , Hamed Motaz , Schneider Matthias , Surges Rainer , Vatter Hartmut , Güresir Erdem
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Cavernoma-related epilepsy (CRE) is a frequent symptom in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). Reports on surgical management and seizure outcome of epileptogenic CCM often focus on intracranial cavernoma in general. Therefore, data on CCMs within the temporal lobe are scarce. The authors therefore analyzed their institutional data.

METHODS

From 2003 to 2018, 52 patients suffering from CCMs located within the temporal lobe underwent surgery for CRE at University Hospital Bonn. Information on patient characteristics, preoperative seizure history, preoperative evaluation, surgical strategies, postoperative complications, and seizure outcome was assessed and further analyzed. Seizure outcome was assessed 12 months after surgery according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification and stratified into favorable (ILAE class I) versus unfavorable (ILAE classes II–VI).

RESULTS

Overall, 47 (90%) of 52 patients with CCMs located in the temporal lobe and CRE achieved favorable seizure outcome. Pure lesionectomy was performed in 5 patients, extended lesionectomy with resection of the hemosiderin rim in 38 patients, and anterior temporal lobectomy in 9 patients with temporal lobe CCM. Specifically, 36 patients (69%) suffered from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), 3 patients (6%) from chronic CRE, and 13 patients (25%) sustained sporadic CRE. In patients with DRE, favorable seizure outcome was achieved in 32 (89%) of 36 patients. Patients with DRE were significantly older than patients with CCM-associated chronic or sporadic seizures (p = 0.02). Furthermore, patients with DRE more often underwent additional amygdalohippocampectomy following the recommendation of presurgical epileptological evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS

Favorable seizure outcome is achievable in a substantial number of patients with epileptogenic CCM located in the temporal lobe, even if patients suffered from drug-resistant CRE. For adequate counseling and monitoring, patients with CRE should undergo a thorough pre- and postsurgical evaluation in dedicated epilepsy surgery programs.
Comparison of complete and near-complete endovascular embolization of hypervascular spine tumors with partial embolization
Authors: Westbroek Erick M. , Pennington Zach , Ahmed A. Karim , Xia Yuanxuan , Boone Christine , Gailloud Philippe , Sciubba Daniel M.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Preoperative endovascular embolization of hypervascular spine tumors can reduce intraoperative blood loss. The extent to which subtotal embolization reduces blood loss has not been clearly established. This study aimed to elucidate a relationship between the extent of preoperative embolization and intraoperative blood loss.

METHODS

Sixty-six patients undergoing preoperative endovascular embolization and subsequent resection of hypervascular spine tumors were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 3 groups: complete embolization (n = 22), near-complete embolization (≥ 90% but < 100%; n = 22), and partial embolization (< 90%; n = 22). Intraoperative blood loss was compared between groups using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons between groups.

RESULTS

The average blood loss in the complete embolization group was 1625 mL. The near-complete embolization group had an average blood loss of 2021 mL in surgery. Partial embolization was associated with a mean blood loss of 4009 mL. On one-way ANOVA, significant differences were seen across groups (F-ratio = 6.81, p = 0.002). Significant differences in intraoperative blood loss were also seen between patients undergoing complete and partial embolization (p = 0.001) and those undergoing near-complete and partial embolization (p = 0.006). Pairwise testing showed no significant difference between complete and near-complete embolization (p = 0.57). Analysis of a combined group of complete and near-complete embolization also showed a significantly decreased blood loss compared with partial embolization (p < 0.001). Patient age, tumor size, preoperative coagulation parameters, and preoperative platelet count were not significantly associated with blood loss.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative endovascular embolization is associated with decreased intraoperative blood loss. In this series, blood loss was significantly less in surgeries for tumors in which preoperative complete or near-complete embolization was achieved than in tumors in which preoperative embolization resulted in less than 90% reduction of tumor vascular blush. These findings suggest that there may be a critical threshold of efficacy that should be the goal of preoperative embolization.
Association between a prognostic nutritional index less than 50 and the risk of medical complications after adult spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Oe Shin , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Kobayashi Sho , Yasuda Tatsuya , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Yamada Tomohiro , Ide Koichiro , Watanabe Yuh , Matsuyama Yukihiro
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Many complications are likely to occur in patients with malnutrition. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is often used when evaluating a patient’s nutritional condition. However, no studies have investigated the association between nutritional status and postoperative medical complications or prognosis by using the PNI in the field of spinal surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate postoperative medical complications and prognoses of patients who had undergone adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, according to their preoperative nutritional status.

METHODS

All patients aged ≥ 40 years who had undergone scheduled ASD surgery in the authors’ hospital between March 2010 and June 2017 were eligible for study inclusion and were divided into groups according to their PNI (< 50, group L; ≥ 50, group H). Medical complications diagnosed within 30 days postoperatively were evaluated; however, surgical site infection and death were evaluated until 1 and 5 years after surgery, respectively.

RESULTS

Among the 285 eligible patients, groups L and H consisted of 118 and 167 patients, whose mean ages were 68.6 and 68.3 years, respectively. There was a significant difference in body mass index (22 vs 24 mg/kg2, respectively, p = 0.000), PNI (46 vs 55, p = 0.000), comorbidity of osteoporosis (50% vs 32%, p = 0.005) and autoimmune disease (13% vs 5%, p = 0.036), medical history of malignant disorder (17% vs 6%, p = 0.007), and medical complications (49% vs 23%, p = 0.000) between groups L and H. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that significant risk factors for postoperative medical complications were male sex (p = 0.000, OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.78–6.96), PNI < 50 (p = 0.000, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.69–4.93), and days to ambulation (p = 0.003, OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.02–1.09).

CONCLUSIONS

Medical complication rates are significantly higher in patients with PNI < 50, those with delayed ambulation, and male patients. In malnourished patients scheduled for ASD surgery, improvement of preoperative nutritional status and postoperative early ambulation are important to avoid medical complications.
The case for development of an E-cigarette Ontology (E-CigO) to improve quality, efficiency and clarity in the conduct and interpretation of research
Authors: Cox Sharon , Hastings Janna , West Robert , Notley Caitlin
Published: April 2020

There is an urgent need for more clarity and consistency in the use of terms in the field of e-cigarette research. Ontologies are computer artifacts that are increasingly widely used in science to represent knowledge in terms of uniquely defined entities and their relationships with other entities. These are constructed in a way that promotes clarity of thinking, much more effective searching, inference and interoperability across domains of study. We are constructing an E-cigarette Ontology (ECig-O) covering all the types of entity that are referred to in reports of e-cigarette research. It is part a larger Addiction Ontology (AddictO) covering all aspects of addiction.
"Estrategia Centroamericana de Desarrollo Rural Territorial"
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra de: CONSEJO AGROPECUARIO CENTROAMERICANO (CAC) (2010), Estrategia Centroamericana de Desarrollo Rural Territorial – ECADERT. San José de Costa Rica, Consejo Agropecuario Centroamericano, 116 pp.
"Capitalismo. El ideal desconocido"
Authors: Porras Castillo Alfonso
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra de: RAND, Ayn (2008) Capitalismo. El ideal desconocido, Buenos Aires, Grito Sagrado Editorial Argentina de Fundación de Diseño Estratégico
La enésima reforma de la Ley de Extranjería
Authors: García–Calabrés Cobo Francisco
Published: April 2020

El texto recoge un estudio de la última reforma de la Ley de Extranjería aprobada en noviembre del pasado año 2009, profundizando en las cuestiones más destacadas que motivaron esta cuarta reforma de la última Ley de Extranjería; igualmente, se repasan las luces y sombras de su articulado, junto al calado y acierto de la misma, haciendo una especial consideración sobre la cuestión del empadronamiento y lo que podrían ser las bases de una futura regulación de este fenómeno en nuestro país. El análisis realizado se lleva a cabo no sólo desde el punto de vista jurídico y normativo, sino también desde la óptica de los valores y los principios que han de regir la convivencia, tales como la igualdad jurídica, el respeto de las identidades, o el camino hacia una sociedad intercultural
Veinte años de rentas mínimas de inserción autonómicas:
Authors: Moreno Márquez Gorka
Published: April 2020

En el año 1989 se ponía en marcha el primer programa de rentas mínimas estatal, el Ingreso Mínimo Familiar vasco, que nació altamente influenciado por el Revenu Minimum d´Insertion (RMI) francés. El desarrollo y la evolución de los diferentes programas autonómicos ha conformado un modelo de rentas mínimas con ciertas peculiaridades y signos distintivos. Entre otros, puede destacarse la gran heterogeneidad existente y las grandes desigualdades que se dan entre los diferentes programas. A lo largo de este artículo van a realizar un análisis del estado de la cuestión a nivel estatal así como las principales tendencias actuales en el ámbito europeo. Se va a realizar también una reflexión sobre el futuro de estas políticas en un contexto como el europeo en el que se está dando gran importancia a la activación, más aún en un contexto como el actual, de crisis económica.
La crisis del euro
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: April 2020

Ante la actual situación de la moneda única y de la Unión Económica y Monetaria (UEM), en este editorial partimos de algunos conceptos que ya fueron analizados en editoriales anteriores (qué es una unión monetaria y cómo este concepto se aplicó, qué es la política monetaria y la forma en la que ésta se ejecuta). A partir de estos presupuestos, abordamos otras cuestiones también importantes: la forma en que la actual crisis económico–financiera ha afectado a la UEM, cómo se ha manifestado lo que se ha venido a denominar “crisis de la deuda” y la respuesta a ambas por parte de la Unión Europea (UE) y los gobiernos de los países; dentro de este bloque nos hacemos eco también de los acontecimientos que se han producido recientemente en el seno de la llamada “guerra de divisas”. Todo esto nos lleva a plantearnos, si realmente la zona del euro (la UEM) es un área monetaria óptima y qué futuro cabe esperar para ella. Finalizamos nuestro texto con unas consideraciones generales que nos llevan a reafirmarnos en las ventajas que proporciona la existencia del euro y la pertenencia de nuestro país a la UEM, a pesar de los inconvenientes que también se presentan; igualmente concluimos que para salir de la debilidad actual del euro hacefalta que la UE tenga una política económica común clara y decidida. Si continúan las indecisiones y los retrasos, la UE irá perdiendo importancia en la economía mundial.
"Glosario básico sobre microﬁnanzas"
Authors: López Martín María del Carmen
Published: April 2020

Reseña dela obra de: LACALLE, M. C. (Coord.) (2010), Glosario básico sobre microﬁnanzas, Madrid, Ed. Foro Nantik Lum de Microﬁnanzas, 146 pp.
El principio de subsidiariedad en el proyecto europeo de la Comisión Delors
Authors: Pérez Linde Carmen , Margenat Peralta S.I. José María
Published: April 2020

La presidencia de la Comisión Europea por Jacques Delors entre 1985 y 1995 marcó un impulso profundo y duradero en el proceso de construcción del proyecto comunitario europeo. El principio de subsidiariedad jugó un papel clave para la Comisión Delors. Esta nota presenta el concepto de principio de subsidiariedad introducido por Jacques Delors. Como hipótesis de partida, se propone la siguiente: el reconocimiento y la aceptación del principio de subsidiariedad por los países de la Comunidad Económica Europea a partir de los años noventa permitió relanzar el proyecto europeo, que estaba bloqueado desde hacía más de una década. La nota describe el proceso seguido para la inclusión del principio de subsidiariedad en el Acta Única Europea y se analiza su extensión a otras políticas comunitarias a partir de las de medio ambiente; por último se describe el proceso de inclusión del principio de subsidiariedad en el Tratado de la Unión Europea desde un punto de vista político y jurídico.