bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ayurvedic Treatment Protocol in Prasramsini Yoni Vyapat (Second Degree Uterine Prolapse)
Authors: Gulnar Mariam.M  , Venkata Ratnakar.L  , Ashutosh Chaturvedi  , Swathi C
Published: September 2021

At present stage due to modern lifestyle, nuclear family and working motherhood, the rest needed for the women during menses time and during and after delivery have been reduced. Protrusion of the pelvic organs into or out of the vaginal canal is termed as Pelvic organ prolapse. It is also called pelvic relaxation. It results from weakening or damage to pelvic supporting structures, which can occur generally throughout the vagina or at specific sites. This problem may develop after child birth, progression of age, and injury to the muscles and organs situated there. Anything that causes increased pressure in the abdomen can lead to pelvic organ prolapse. Some common causes include: pregnancy, labour, and childbirth (the most common cause) etc. Acarya Susrutha mentions that in Prasramsini, any irritation causes excessive vaginal discharge/displacement and labour is difficult/abnormal. Dalhana explains the reason for difficult labour is abnormality in passage. Clinical features of Pitta vitiation i.e., burning sensation and heat etc. are present.

According to WHO estimation, the global prevalence of uterine prolapse is 2- 20%. As Prasramsini is a Pittaja yoni vyapat and Vata is the main Dosa involved in all the Yoni vyapat, the drug selected for the study is mainly Vata pitta hara and Balya. Hence an attempt was made by giving tablet Neo (Charak pharmaceuticals) orally, and Mahamasha tailam for Abyangam and Yoni pichu dharana.
Role of Naturopathic Diet in Prenatal Period
Authors: Malathi Syamala  , Alugu Varshini  , Santoshi Lakshmi
Published: September 2021

A healthy pregnancy is necessary to ensure the baby’s well being after birth too. As per Vedic science the mother is the creator of child’s future. This can be accomplished by adapting a Satvik diet during prenatal period. This approach helps her to builds a healthy future for her child. Yogis and ancient sages of India believed that Satvik food which means clean, pure and ethically energetic will maintain the equilibrium of a healthy mind and body. The origin of this diet has its roots in Indian ancient books like Upanishads, Bhagavatgida etc. The Ayurvedic texts also have insights regarding the diet for prenatal period which would help the woman to have healthy baby and safe post natal health. As per the ancient texts during the prenatal period the food should be simple, juicy and tasty. Foods which are stale, sour, bitter, fried salted and non-vegetarian origin those foods which have addiction should be avoided.
Effective Management of Hypothyroidism by Using Ayurvedic Interventions: A Case Report
Authors: Bhawna Walia  , Manish Grover  , Ajeet Pratap Singh
Published: September 2021

Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that mainly occurs due to insufficient thyroid gland stimulation or primary gland failure by the pituitary or hypothalamus gland. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, gastric trouble, face puffiness with edematous eyelids, retarded nail growth, weight gain, hoarseness of voice, decreased libido, pallor, dry skin, dry hair, alopecia, constipation, abnormal menstrual cycle, muscle cramps, myalgia etc. A 30-year-old married Hindu, non-alcoholic, non-smoking male patient visited OPD of Shuddhi Ayurveda Clinic, Jeena Sikho Lifecare Pvt. Ltd. Noida on 18 November 2020 with known case of subclinical hypothyroidism. On the basis of clinical diagnosis and laboratory investigations, ayurvedic medicines having action on thyroid gland and digestion improvement were prescribed for over a period of six months. After this ayurvedic medicinal treatment for four months i.e. from November 2020 to February 2021, significant results were noted in terms of reduction in level of increased TSH. TSH level was significantly reduced from 181µIU/ml to 0.11 µIU/ml within two months of ayurvedic treatment. Then, there was a mild increase in the TSH level when patient was tested for TFT after four months i.e. on 21st of June 2021, investigated level of TSH was 5.59 µIU/ml. Overall, a satisfactory result was observed in patient clinical conditions proving significant efficacy of ayurvedic treatment.
Total DEBT and Economic Growth of Nigeria – A Causal Approach
Authors:   Department of Banking and Finance, College of Management and Social sciences Rhema University Aba, Nigeria, Godfrey Dr. Ogbonna Udochukwu
Published: September 2021

This study xrayed the impact of total debt on economic growth of Nigeria using data from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s statistical bulletin from 1981 to 2019 period. The analytical tool used was the E-view version 13 where the multicollinearity test showed that domestic debt and external debt move predominantly in the same direction with gross domestic product. The result of the Error Correction Model shows that it was appropriately signed at 13.9% meaning that the previous period’s disequilibrium in economic growth (proxied by GDP) value is corrected every year by external and domestic debts. Following the result, it is evident that external debts incurred in Nigeria over time are good debt, as this has over time exerted no critically negative impact on the growth level of the nation. Similarly, the result shows that domestic debt exerts a positive long run and short run impact on economic growth of Nigeria. Using the Granger Causality test it was observed that External and Domestic Debt granger causes GDP, the implication of this is that total debt of Nigeria if properly utilized, stimulates economic growth as seen in the granger causality test. The researcher amongst other recommendations suggest that Policy makers should integrate appropriate measures towards ensuring suitable management of domestic debts so as to enhance the productivity level of the country.
Fraud Examination of the Enron Corp Company
Authors: Abdul Karim Mahmoud Mofid
Published: September 2021

Abstract

This research paper takes into consideration the tools that are availed by Modified Altman, Chanos, Beneish, among others, to evaluate Enron Corp yearly 10k financial report as filed with SEC for the years beginning 1997 to 2001 mainly to identify the financial fraud that the company committed and how it could have been prevented before it escalated beyond control. The reported base its pri-mary data source on the SEC Edgar Database, which has information on financial statements for all publicly listed companies. After successfully applying analytical tools such as Altman's Bankruptcy Predictor, Fraud Statement Index, and Analyt-ical tools, this research paper concludes that the company's fraud could have been detected early on between the years 1999- 2000 period (Lucas & Koerwer, 2004).

Keywords: Bankruptcy, Financial ratios, Fraud, Beneish model.
Sosyal Ağlarda Sanal Kimlik Kullanımının İncelenmesi
Authors: BARUT TUĞTEKİN Esra , DURSUN Özcan
Published: September 2021

Sanal kimlikler; bireylerin tercihleri doğrultusunda yapılandırarak oluşturdukları dijital kimlikleridir. Bu kimlikler sosyal ağ ortamındaki her davranışı açıklamak için kullanılabilir bir potansiyele sahiptir. Sanal kimlikler paylaşım, beğeni, gizlilik ve güvenlik olmak üzere dört başlık çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu kimliğini kullanan birey, sanal dünyada kabul edilebilmek için toplumun genel normlarıyla tutarlı bir görünüm sergilemeyi tercih edebilir. Bu tercih ise sosyal ağlardaki sanal kimlik profillerini, sosyal ağ kullanım amaçlarının yanı sıra kabul görme ve onaylanma isteği doğrultusunda düzenlemeyi tetiklemektedir. Dolayısıyla sosyal ağlardaki sanal kimliklerin onay bağımlılığı ve sosyal ağ kullanım amaçlarıyla nasıl bir ilişki içerisinde olduğu bu araştırmanın odağını oluşturmaktadır. Sosyal ağlar üzerinden katılım sağlayan 577 katılımcıyla dijital veri toplama aracı ile bu araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada sonuçlarına göre sosyal ağ kullanım amacı, sanal kimlik profilleri ve onay bağımlılığının ortalamanın üzerinde göstergeleri bulunurken; kullanım amaçlarında iletişimin, sanal kimlik kullanımında ise paylaşımın öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Sosyal ağlardaki sanal kimliklerde erkeklerin gizlilik boyutuna, kadınların ise güvenlik boyutuna daha çok dikkat ettiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca sosyal ağ kullanım amaçları, onay bağımlılığı ve sanal kimlik profilleri birbirleriyle orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişkilere sahiptir.
Türkiye’nin En Değerli Markalarının Sponsorluk Faaliyetleri: Dijital Bir Mecra Olan Kurumsal Web Sayfaları Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: SİLSÜPÜR Özer , KOCABAŞ İsmail
Published: September 2021

Markalar; tanınırlığını artırmak, marka imajını desteklemek, marka kimliğini pekiştirmek, toplumun iyi niyetini kazanmak, medyanın ilgisini çekmek, kurum içi ilişkileri geliştirmek gibi çeşitli amaçlarla sponsorluk faaliyetleri gerçekleştirmekte ve bu sponsorluk çalışmalarının da hedef kitlelere duyurulmasında önemli bir dijital araç olan kurumsal web sayfalarından yararlanmaktadırlar. Dijital Çağ’ın yaşandığı günümüzde bireylerin, markalar hakkındaki bilgi arayışında başvurduğu öncelikli dijital mecralar arasında yer alan kurumsal web sayfaları, markalar için bir vitrin niteliği taşımaktadır. Çalışmada Brand Finance 2021 raporuna göre, örneklem olarak seçilen Türkiye’nin en değerli ilk 10 markasının sponsorluk faaliyetleri, markaların kurumsal web sayfaları incelenerek, web sayfalarında sponsorluk çalışmalarına ilişkin mesajlara yer verilip verilmediği, mesajların hangi iletişim biçimiyle duyurulduğu, paylaşılan mesajların hangi sponsorluk alanlarına yönelik gerçekleştirildiği, sponsorluk mesajlarının web sayfalarının neresinde yer aldığı gibi amaçlar 02.07.2021-16.07.2021 tarihleri arasında içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve sonuçlar ortaya konulmuştur. Buna göre, Türkiye’nin en değerli ilk 10 markasının 6’sının kurumsal web sayfasında “Sponsorluk” linkinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Türk Hava Yolları hariç diğer markaların sponsorluk mesajlarını “Sponsorluk ve Sosyal Sorumluluk” başlığı altında paylaştıkları görülmüştür. Markaların en çok kültür/sanat ve spor alanlarında sponsorluk faaliyetinde bulundukları ve en fazla ana sponsor düzeyinde destek oldukları görülmüştür. Markaların web sayfalarında sponsorluk mesajlarını en çok görsel ve yazılı materyal, metin ve basın bülteni olarak paylaştığı görülmüştür.
Variação no uso do presente do modo subjuntivo: integrando níveis de análise
Authors: Pimpão Tatiana Schwochow
Published: September 2021

A variação no uso do modo subjuntivo tem sido amplamente abordada, especialmente a partir da virada do século XXI, contribuindo com um importante mapeamento do fenômeno em dados de fala do português brasileiro. As pesquisas, muitas das quais ancoradas nos pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança, preocupam-se em controlar variáveis independentes na tentativa de identificar o contexto de retenção do subjuntivo e, por conseguinte, o contexto de entrada do modo indicativo. Independentemente das particularidades da amostra selecionada e dos procedimentos metodológicos adotados, os diferentes estudos realizados ressaltam a importância das variáveis tipo de oração e modalidade. No entanto, tais pesquisas não demonstram como o tipo de oração, situado no nível da sintaxe, está integrado ao nível discursivo-pragmático, âmbito da modalidade. Assim, este trabalho propõe incluir subtipos oracionais e proceder a um cruzamento de variáveis na tentativa de responder à seguinte questão: Como a variável de natureza sintática tipo de oração se articula com a variável de natureza discursivo-pragmática modalidade? Para responder a essa pergunta, recorre-se ao estudo de Pimpão (2012), que investigou o uso variável do presente do modo subjuntivo em dados de fala de informantes de Florianópolis e Lages (Projeto VARSUL). Resultados gerais apontam para a associação entre orações finais e submodo deôntico e entre orações causais, concessivas, condicionais, parentéticas e com o item talvez e o submodo epistêmico. Por sua vez, a oração substantiva objetiva direta exibe percentuais elevados sob o escopo do submodo deôntico, e a oração substantiva subjetiva, uso categórico de subjuntivo sob o escopo do submodo epistêmico.
Circulation
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Renato
Published: September 2021

This chapter analyses the logic and dynamics of the circulation of wealth
(both movable and immovable) in Northumbria. Its main contention is
that wealth circulation is an element that organizes the ruling class as
it redistributes the access to the labour of the peasantry among them.
The first part of the chapter will analyse how monasteries might have
been founded as a strategy to grant autonomy to particular factions of
the aristocracy. The second part will analyse how coinage could also
represent both the display of power and the ability to extract surplus
from the peasantry, highlighting the connection between land donation
to the Church and the submission of the peasantry.
The paralogous gene of myostatin deficiency does not improve the growth of Red seabream (Pagrus major)
Authors: OHAMA Mitsuki , KISHIMOTO Kenta , KINOSHITA Masato , KATO Keitaro , WASHIO Youhei
Published: September 2021

To improve livestock and aquaculture-raised fish as food, targeted mutagenesis using genome editing technologies is becoming more realizable. Myostatin (Mstn), which functions as the negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, is one of the major targets to improve the edible ratio of livestock and farmed fish. We previously reported that the deficiency of Pm-mstn, one of Myostatin paralogs, improves muscle growth and changes body shape in a finfish species, red seabream (Pagrus major), as a result of editing the gene by means of CRISPR/Cas9. In this study, we established Pm-mstnb-deficient red seabream, which is a null-allelic mutant of another paralogous gene of Myostatin in the species, and analyzed their phenotype in terms of growth traits and body shape. A comparison of all growth traits between Pm-mstnbwt/wt and Pm-mstnb-5/-5 revealed no significant differences. In addition, all metrics for body shape, defined as the ratios of body depth, body width, and depth of the caudal peduncle to body length, respectively, were also similar in Pm-mstnbwt/wt and Pm-mstnb-5/-5. Therefore, we concluded that Pm-mstnb does not function as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in red seabream.
El Caballero de La Invicta
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Moreno-Durán R.H.
Published: September 2021

«Presa de bombardeos constantes y con una misteriosa epidemia de suicidios catalanes, la ciudad de Bogotá está en ruinas y “[e]l estado de conmoción interna, declarado cuando las torres del Bosque Izquierdo eran ya un montón de ruinas, sólo sirvió para incrementar los chistes crueles con que la gente paliaba la ineficacia y pusilanimidad del régimen”. El sustrato histórico —el gobierno de Gaviria y Bogotá presa de la edilcuencia de los políticos que la dirigen— sirve como base para crear una amalgama entre realidad y ficción que permite subvertir el discurso oficial y preguntarse acerca de la verdad que manejan aquellos que están en posiciones de poder.» Tomado del prólogo de Diego Cepeda
Büveyhîler’le Bahreyn Karmatîleri Arasındaki Siyasi İlişkiler ve Bunun Irak İle Yakın Çevresindeki Yansımaları
Authors: Hacıyev Hanoğlan , Ağaoğlu Reşat Ahmet
Published: September 2021

334 (945-946) tarihinde Bağdat’a girerek hanedanın Irak kolunu tesis eden Deylem asıllı Büveyhîler’le Bahreyn Karmatîleri arasındaki siyasi ilişkiler inişli çıkışlı seyretmiştir. Zeydî-Şiî mezhebine mensup bir hanedan olan Büveyhîler’le Karmatîler arasındaki ilişkilerde önceleri savaşlar belirleyici rol oynamıştır. Irak Büveyhî hükümdarı Muizzüddevle döneminde Büveyhî orduları, 340 (951) yılında Basra önlerinde Umman hükümdarı ve Hecer (Bahreyn) Karmatîleri’nden oluşan müttefik kuvvetleri mağlup etmiş ve bundan yaklaşık on beş yıl sonra Umman’ı ele geçirerek Karmatîler’in buradaki hâkimiyetine son vermiştir. Muizzüddevle’den sonraki Irak Büveyhî hükümdarlarından İzzüddevle Bahtiyâr ve Adudüddevle dönemlerinde Büveyhîler’le Bahreyn Karmatîleri arasındaki ilişkilerin iyi düzeyde olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bahreyn Karmatîleri’nin Irak bölgesindeki nüfuzuna en ciddi darbe, Büveyhî hükümdarı Samsâmüddevle’nin hakimiyeti döneminde Câmiayn savaşı ile vurulmuş ve bundan sonra Bahreyn Karmatîleri’nin Irak bölgesindeki nüfuzu sona erdirilmiştir (375/985). Yukarıdaki konuları ele alan bu makalede Irak Büveyhîleri’nin Bahreyn Karmatîleri ile olan siyasi ilişkileri farklı yönleri ile incelenmiştir.
Lise Öğrencilerinde Din Dışı Yönelim: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: Kandemir Sibel
Published: September 2021

Son yıllarda gençler arasında ateizm ve deizmin yaygınlaştığı, gençlerin dinden uzaklaştıkları iddia edilmekte ve bu konu etrafında bir takım tartışmalar yürütülmektedir. Bu iddia ve tartışmaların daha sağlam bir zeminde yürütülmesi için alan araştırmaları ile desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak bu tarz alan araştırmalarının yapılabilmesi için uygun veri toplama araçlarına ihtiyaç vardır. Türkçe literatürde ise din dışı yönelimlerle ilgili bir ölçme aracı mevcut değildir. Bu çalışmanın amacı lise öğrencilerindeki din dışı yönelimleri tespit etmede kullanılabilecek uygun bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla 5’li Likert şeklinde hazırlanan taslak ölçek ile yapılan ilk uygulama sonucu “Din Dışı Yönelim Ölçeği’nin, açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucu 9 maddeden ve tek faktörden oluştuğu ve % 41,6’lık varyans açıklama oranına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İkinci uygulamadan elde edilen verilerle yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucu, ölçeğin tek faktörlü yapısının iyi uyum değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan analizler sonucu “Din Dışı Yönelim Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Nivolumab In Combination With Ipilimumab (Opdivo-Yervoy)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Opdivo in combination with Yervoy (nivolumab plus ipilimumab) should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) if certain conditions are met.

Opdivo plus Yervoy should only be reimbursed if prescribed by clinicians with experience in immuno-oncology and treating MPM and if the cost of Opdivo plus Yervoy is reduced.

Opdivo plus Yervoy should only be covered to treat patients who have not received prior systemic treatment for MPM and who have good performance status at the start of treatment.
Larotrectinib (Vitrakvi)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Vitrakvi be reimbursed by public drug plans for treating adult and pediatric patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours who have a neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion without a known acquired resistance mutation, or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity and have no satisfactory treatment options, but only if certain conditions are met.
Vitrakvi should only be covered to treat patients with advanced solid tumours who have an NTRK gene fusion, who have previously failed on all standard treatments for their current tumour site, and who will be able to tolerate the treatment.

Vitrakvi should only be reimbursed as single-agent therapy if it is prescribed by a clinician with expertise in the use of antineoplastic drugs and if the cost of Vitrakvi is reduced.
Encorafenib (Braftovi)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses encorafenib (Braftovi), 75 mg capsules, orally.
Indication: In combination with cetuximab, for the treatment of patients with mCRC with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by a validated test, after prior therapy.
Liraglutide (Saxenda)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Saxenda should not be reimbursed by public drug plans for chronic weight management in adult patients.

Evidence from 3 studies demonstrated that Saxenda was associated with statistically significant reductions in body weight compared with placebo after 56 weeks of treatment.

No conclusions could be drawn about long-term benefits, particularly for clinically meaningful improvements in comorbidities identified as priorities by patients, such as diabetes, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular complications.

Patients identified a need for treatments that can improve potential obesity-related comorbidities, such as diabetes, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular complications. It is not clear whether Saxenda meets these needs.
Optimalisasi Karang Taruna dalam Pengembangan Potensi Generasi Muda di Desa Tuncung
Authors: Ramlan Pratiwi
Published: September 2021

Generasi   muda   adalah   bagian   dari   penduduk   dunia   yang   sangat   potensial   dan memiliki   sumbangan   teramat   besar   bagi   perkembangan   masa   depan   dunia.   Namun permasalahan sosial yang dialami generasi muda pada saat ini tetap menjadi permasalahan yang   tidak   pernah   habis-habisnya   dibicarakan.   Terutama   permasalahan   pengangguran, kenakalan remaja dan putus sekolah. Pengembangan kualitas generasi muda tidak hanya dilakukan melalui pendidikan formal, tetapi dapat dilakukan melalui wadah (lembaga atau organisasi) yang mempunyai komitmen   terhadap   pengembangan   generasi   muda   tersebut.   Peran   serta   organisasi kepemudaan   tersebut   sebagai   salah   satu   komponen   partisipasi   sosial   masyarakat   perlu ditingkatkan dan dikembangkan. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, organisasi lokal sebagai sumber daya potensial dituntut untuk berperan secara optimal untuk menggerakan masyarakat dalam pembangunan.   Organisasi   lokal   di   lingkungan   desa/kelurahan   merupakan   wadah   untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ataupun memecahkan permasalahan masyarakat. Salah   satu   organisasi   lokal   yang   ada   di   hampir   setiap   desa   atau   kelurahan   di Indonesia adalah Karang Taruna sebagai tempat atau wadah pembinaan generasi muda. Pada awalnya   Karang   Taruna   merupakan   organisasi   bentukan   pemerintah,   namun   dalam perkembangannya kini Karang Taruna banyak muncul dengan ide, gagasan dan aspirasi masyarakat.
Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Georgakaki Paraskevi , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Vignon Étienne , Billault-Roux Anne-Claire , Berne Alexis , Nenes Athanasios
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Observations of orographic mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) have long shown that measured ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) can exceed the concentration of ice nucleating particles by orders of magnitude. Additionally, model simulations of alpine clouds are frequently found to underestimate the amount of ice compared with observations. Surface-based blowing snow, hoar frost and secondary ice production processes have been suggested as potential causes, but their relative importance and persistence remains highly uncertain. Here we study ice production mechanisms in wintertime orographic MPCs observed during the Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment (CLACE) 2014 campaign at the Jungfraujoch site in the Swiss Alps with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Simulations suggest that droplet shattering is not a significant source of ice crystals at this specific location – but break-up upon collisions between ice particles is quite active, elevating the predicted ICNCs by up to 3 orders of magnitude, which is consistent with observations. The initiation of the ice-ice collisional break-up mechanism is primarily associated with the occurrence of seeder-feeder events from higher precipitating cloud layers. The enhanced aggregation of snowflakes is found to drive secondary ice formation in the simulated clouds, the role of which is strengthened when the large hydrometeors interact with the primary ice crystals formed in the feeder cloud. Including a constant source of cloud ice crystals from blowing snow, through the action of the break-up mechanism, can episodically enhance ICNCs. Increases in secondary ice fragment generation can be counterbalanced by enhanced orographic precipitation, which seems to prevent explosive multiplication and cloud dissipation. These findings highlight the importance of secondary ice and "seeding" mechanisms – primarily falling ice from above and to a lesser degree blowing ice from the surface – which frequently enhance primary ice and determine the phase state and properties of MPCs.
Environmental sensitivities of shallow-cumulus dilution – Part 2: Vertical wind profile
Authors: Drueke Sonja , Kirshbaum Daniel J. , Kollias Pavlos
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This second part of a numerical study on shallow-cumulus dilution focuses on the sensitivity of cloud dilution to changes in the vertical wind profile. Insights are obtained through large-eddy simulations of maritime and continental cloud fields. In these simulations, the speed of the initially uniform geostrophic wind and the strength of geostrophic vertical wind shear in the cloud and subcloud layer are varied. Increases in the cloud-layer vertical wind shear (up to 9 ms-1km-1) lead to 40 %–50 % larger cloud-core dilution rates compared to their respective unsheared counterparts. When the background wind speed, on the other hand, is enhanced by up to 10 m s−1 and subcloud-layer vertical wind shear develops or is initially prescribed, the dilution rate decreases by up to 25 %. The sensitivities of the dilution rate are linked to the updraft strength and the properties of the entrained air. Increases in the wind speed or vertical wind shear result in lower vertical velocities across all sets of experiments with stronger reductions in the cloud-layer wind shear simulation (27 %–47 %). Weaker updrafts are exposed to mixing with the drier surrounding air for a longer time period, allowing more entrainment to occur (i.e., the “core-exposure effect”). However, reduced vertical velocities, in concert with increased cloud-layer turbulence, also assist in widening the humid shell surrounding the cloud cores, leading to entrainment of more humid air (i.e., the “core–shell dilution effect”). In the experiments with cloud-layer vertical wind shear, the core-exposure effect dominates and the cloud-core dilution increases with increasing shear. Conversely, when the wind speed is increased and subcloud-layer vertical wind shear develops or is imposed, the core–shell dilution effect dominates to induce a buffering effect. The sensitivities are generally stronger in the maritime simulations, where weaker sensible heat fluxes lead to narrower, more tilted, and, therefore, more suppressed cumuli when cloud-layer shear is imposed. Moreover, in the experiments with subcloud wind shear, the weaker baseline turbulence in the maritime case allows for a larger turbulence enhancement, resulting in a widening of the transition zones between the cores and their environment, leading to the entrainment of more humid air.
A scaling procedure for straightforward computation of sorptivity
Authors: Lassabatere Laurent , Peyneau Pierre-Emmanuel , Yilmaz Deniz , Pollacco Joseph , Fernández-Gálvez Jesús , Latorre Borja , Moret-Fernández David , Di Prima Simone , Rahmati Mehdi , Stewart Ryan D. , Abou Najm Majdi , Hammecker Claude , Angulo-Jaramillo Rafael
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Sorptivity is a parameter of primary importance in the study of unsaturated flow in soils. This hydraulic parameter is required to model water infiltration into vertical soil profiles. Sorptivity can be directly estimated from the soil hydraulic functions (water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves), using the integral formulation of Parlange (1975). However, calculating sorptivity in this manner requires the prior determination of the soil hydraulic diffusivity and its numerical integration between initial and final saturation degrees, which may be difficult in some situations (e.g., coarse soil with diffusivity functions that are quasi-infinite close to saturation). In this paper, we present a procedure to compute sorptivity using a scaling parameter, cp, that corresponds to the sorptivity of a unit soil (i.e., unit values for all parameters and zero residual water content) that is utterly dry at the initial state and saturated at the final state. The cp parameter was computed numerically and analytically for five hydraulic models: delta (i.e., Green and Ampt), Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten–Mualem, van Genuchten–Burdine, and Kosugi. Based on the results, we proposed brand new analytical expressions for some of the models and validated previous formulations for the other models. We also tabulated the output values so that they can easily be used to determine the actual sorptivity value for any case. At the same time, our numerical results showed that the relation between cp and the hydraulic shape parameters strongly depends on the chosen model. These results highlight the need for careful selection of the proper model for the description of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions when estimating sorptivity.
Global distribution and variability of subsurface chlorophyll a concentration
Authors: Yasunaka Sayaka , Ono Tsuneo , Sasaoka Kosei , Sato Kanako
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) often retains its maximum concentration not at the surface but in the subsurface layer. The depth of the Chl-a maximum primarily depends on the balance between light penetration from the surface and nutrient supply from the deep ocean. However, a global map of subsurface Chl-a concentrations based on observations has not been presented yet. In this study, we integrate Chl-a concentration data not only from recent biogeochemical floats but also from historical ship-based and other observations, and present global maps of subsurface Chl-a concentration with related variables. The subsurface Chl-a maximum deeper than the mixed layer depth was stably observed in the subtropics and tropics (30° S to 30° N), only in summer in midlatitudes (30–40° N/S), and rarely at 45–60° S of the Southern Ocean and in the northern North Atlantic (north of 45° N). The depths of the subsurface Chl-a maxima are deeper than those of the euphotic layer in the subtropics and shallower in the tropics and midlatitudes. In the subtropics, seasonal oxygen increases below the mixed layer implied substantial biological new production, which corresponds to 10 % of the net primary production there. During El Niño, the subsurface Chl-a concentration in the equatorial Pacific is higher in the middle to the east and lower in the west than that during La Niña, which is opposite that on the surface. The spatiotemporal variability of the Chl-a concentration described here would be suggestive results not only for the biogeochemical cycle in the ocean but also for the thermal structure and the dynamics of the ocean via the absorption of shortwave radiation.
Ducted wind turbines in yawed flow: a numerical study
Authors: Dighe Vinit , Suri Dhruv , Avallone Francesco , van Bussel Gerard
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Ducted wind turbines (DWTs) can be used for energy harvesting in urban areas where non-uniform flows are caused by the presence of buildings or other surface discontinuities. For this reason, the aerodynamic performance of DWTs in yawed-flow conditions must be characterized depending upon their geometric parameters and operating conditions. A numerical study to investigate the characteristics of flow around two DWT configurations using a simplified duct-actuator disc (AD) model is carried out. The analysis shows that the aerodynamic performance of a DWT in yawed flow is dependent on the mutual interactions between the duct and the AD, an interaction that changes with duct geometry. For the two configurations studied, the highly cambered variant of duct configuration returns a gain in performance by approximately 11 % up to a specific yaw angle (α= 17.5∘) when compared to the non-yawed case; thereafter any further increase in yaw angle results in a performance drop. In contrast, performance of less cambered variant duct configuration drops for α>0∘. The gain in the aerodynamic performance is attributed to the additional camber of the duct that acts as a flow-conditioning device and delays duct wall flow separation inside of the duct for a broad range of yaw angles.
Territorial Distribution of Maritime Symbols in Public Spaces of Klaipėda City
Authors: Verkulevičiūtė-Kriukienė Daiva , Vaitkutė Modesta
Published: September 2021

The geographical location of Klaipeda city determined that a suitable space for the formation of maritime culture was created here. There are a number of exceptional objects of small and large architecture in the public spaces of the city, some of which are related to the sea. However, it must be stated that the city still lacks objects that glorify famous personalities who have contributed to the fostering of maritime culture and the promotion of Lithuania as a maritime country. Methods used in the research: observation, object photography, cartographic, expert surveys.

The study analyzes the diversity of maritime symbols and their territorial distribution in the public spaces of Klaipeda city. Trends in the renewal and further development of maritime elements are also presented in order to form the image of the city and foster maritime culture. This research should expand the boundaries of cognition of maritime culture and contribute to the strengthening of the maritime image of Klaipeda city.

Keywords: Klaipeda city, maritime symbols, maritime themes, public spaces.
DIABETES GESTACIONAL E ASSISTÊNCIA PRÉ-NATAL NO ALTO RISCO
Authors: Guerra Juliana Vidal Vieira , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Valete Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Branco Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker , Santos Márcia Vieira dos
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analisar a assistência pré-natal, a partir do número de consultas obstétricas e nutricionais na gestação, registradas nos prontuários, e a relação com o diabetes gestacional, em um hospital universitário de referência no município para gestantes de alto risco. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e analítico, de coorte retrospectivo, com análise de dados secundários sobre a correlação entre a assistência pré-natal (número de consultas do pré-natal) e o diabetes gestacional. Resultados: das 178 participantes, 41 (23,04%) realizaram menos do que seis (6) consultas de pré-natal com obstetra, e 148 (77,5%) das participantes do estudo, realizaram menos do que quatro (4) consultas nutricionais no pré-natal. Conclusão: Estudos que evidenciam o perfil de acesso e integralidade aos serviços de saúde são importantes, principalmente para a melhoria da assistência prestada e elaboração de novas políticas de saúde pública para a população (ou reformulação daquelas já existentes).
Vivências de cuidadores de crianças com gastrostomia
Authors: Rodrigues Lidiane do Nascimento , Penaforte da Silva Wandra Camila , Da Silva Santos Aliniana , Camelo Chaves Edna Maria
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: compreender a vivência dos cuidadores de crianças com gastrostomia. Método: Pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com quinze cuidadores de crianças com gastrostomia nas avaliações do estado do Ceará, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho e julho de 2016, por meio de uma entrevista semi-elaborada elaborada pela autoras. Para a interpretação dos dados, foi utilizada uma análise de conteúdo, contendo três categorias de tópicos: cuidados cotidianos dos cuidadores de crianças com gastrostomia; O cuidado dos cuidadores da criança com gastrostomia e experiências vivenciadas pelos cuidadores de crianças com gastrostomia. Resultados:Os evidenciaram os principais problemas encontrados nos cuidadores e dispositivos do dispositivo. Também foram relatadas vantagens após o uso do dispositivo, como redução de impressões e melhoria da qualidade de vida, confirmando a importância do papel educativo e assistencial do profissional de saúde, dentre eles o enfermeiro, para uma efetivação do processo. Considerações finais: o estudo possibilitou compreender a vivência dos cuidadores, identificando as dificuldades e os caminhos percorridos para o enfrentamento das ocorrências cotidianas.
Desenvolvimento e Implantação de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem para Educação Continuada em Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Werneck Alexandre Lins , Frutuoso Isabela Shumaher , Doimo Thays Marley Antônio , Marqui Rafaela , Contrin Ligia Marcia , Mendonça Ribeiro Rita de Cássia Helu
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: desenvolver, implantar e avaliar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) para Educação Continuada em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Método: pesquisa transversal, descritiva, com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, desenvolvida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um Hospital de Ensino de Porte Especial do interior de São Paulo, de julho a setembro de 2017. Participaram todos os 70 profissionais que compõem a equipe de enfermagem, com exceção dos profissionais em licenças, gozo de férias, falta injustificada ou com menos de 75% das atividades propostas. Resultados: amostra predominantemente feminina, entre 31 a 40 anos de idade e formação entre 1 e 25 anos. O ambiente virtual de aprendizado foi confirmado como uma ferramenta importante para a realização da educação continuada. Conclusão: foi possível comprovar o desenvolvimento e implantação de uma ferramenta para educação continuada, contendo atividades on-line e utilizando tecnologias gratuitas, acesso em dispositivos móveis, promoção de educação continuada por meio de vídeos, textos interativos, protocolos e artigos científicos e estimular discussão de temas específicos e debate em fórum. Os resultados permitiram inferir que a construção do conhecimento pode ser incrementada pela união de estratégias de ensino que permitam a autonomia do profissional, a relação dialógica e o aprofundamento dos conteúdos.
Is There a Sex Difference in Trunk Neuromuscular Control among Recreational Athletes during Cutting Maneuvers?
Authors: Mornieux Guillaume , Gehring Dominic , Gollhofer Albert
Published: September 2021

Trunk motion is most likely to influence knee joint injury risk, but little is known about sex-related differences in trunk neuromuscular control during changes of direction. The purpose of the present study was to test whether differences in trunk control between males and females during changes of direction exist. Twelve female and 12 male recreational athletes (with at least 10 years of experience in team sport) performed unanticipated changes of direction with 30° and 60° cut angles, while 3D trunk and leg kinematics, ground reaction forces and trunk muscles electromyography were recorded. Trunk kinematics at the time of peak knee abduction moment and directed co-contraction ratios for trunk muscles during the pre-activation and weight acceptance phases were determined. None of the trunk kinematics and co-contraction ratio variables, nor peak knee abduction moment differed between sexes. Compared to the 30° cut, trunk lateral flexion remained unchanged and trunk external rotation was reduced (p < 0.001; η²p (partial eta squared for effect size) = 0.78), while peak knee abduction moment was increased (p < 0.001; η²p = 0.84) at 60°. The sharper cutting angle induced muscle co-contraction during the pre-activation directed less towards trunk flexors (p < 0.01; η²p = 0.27) but more towards trunk medial flexors and rotators opposite to the movement direction (p < 0.001; η²p > 0.46). However, muscle co-contraction during the weight acceptance phase remained comparable between 30° and 60°. The lack of sex-related differences in trunk control does not explain knee joint injury risk discrepancies between sexes during changes of direction. Trunk neuromuscular strategies during sharper cutting angles revealed the importance of external oblique muscles to maintain trunk lateral flexion at the expense of trunk rotation. This provides new information for trunk strength training purposes for athletes performing changes of direction.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND REGULATION ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: ALIYEVA Gulzhamal
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the analysis of environmental policy and regulation at the international and national levels of developed and developing countries. The world community is concerned about environmental problems, creating possible solutions to these problems; however, this may not always be achievable, since there are political, economic and social factors that can serve as obstacles to the effective implementation of environmental policy and regulation. Such factors include: international conflicts and wars, instability in the economy, poverty and corruption. The analysis showed that some developing countries do not have adequate national institutions, mechanisms and procedures and, consequently, do not have adequate policies and laws to implement and enforce environmental standards. Thus, specific effective measures are needed to ensure the operation of international treaties in national legal systems. It is important to create appropriate bodies and legislation, the use of fees for harming the environment, as well as work on changing people's environmental behavior.
The Experience of Our Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care in Preoperative False-Negative and Asymptomatic Patients with SARS-COV-2 Infection
Authors: Selçuk İsmail , Güven Bülent Barış , Selçuk Nehir
Published: September 2021

Objective: There is little data in the literature on the effects of COVID-19 in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Our aim in this study is to describe the post-cardiac surgical effects of COVID-19, the basic characteristics of the patients and their laboratory findings; and also to discuss the mechanism underlying the poor diagnostic performance of rRT-PCR. Methods: The data of 191 patients who were operated between 18 May 2020- 07 June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 12 patients who were asymptomatic and rRT-PCR (-) preoperatively and rRT-PCR positive postoperatively were included. Patients who required emergency operation, did not perform rRT-PCR in the preoperative period or had rRT-PCR (+), had outpatient surgery were not included. The patients’ age, operation, length of stay in the ICU, intubation times, echocardiography, blood gas and biochemistry results and PCR results were recorded. Results: In the study, postoperative rRT-PCR was studied from 87 patients and the result was (+) in 12 (13.8%) patients. Two of 12 (16.7%) patients died due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. While the mean values of preoperative leukocytes (7.78 103/mcL), lymphocytes (1.52 103/mcL) and CRP (49.27mg/dL) were within the normal range, the mean values of ferritin (823 ng/ml) and D-Dimer (1138 ng/ml) were above the normal range. Conclusion: We recommend that patients has to be isolated for at least 7 days before the operation. Also sputum samples from the tracheal tube should be studied simultaneously nasopharyngeal PCR samples in the preoperative and the early postoperative period in order to minimize false negative PCR results.
Preconception Care Utilization among Childbearing Women in South-East Nigeria
Authors: C.H.O. Chika , N.C. Edith , N.O. Christiana , M.I. Adaobi
Published: September 2021

Adverse pregnancy outcomes remain a challenging health problem in Nigeria. Before conception, couples need to utilize preconception care which is meant to address most of the reproductive health risks. However, the use of this service and its determinants is not well investigated globally. This Cross-sectional study was aimed at assessing the utilization of preconception care and its determinants among mothers in South-East Nigeria. Pre-tested and validated structured Questionnaire on Preconception Care Utilization was used to collect data from 350 postnatal women who were systematically selected from 33 sampled health facilities. Data were collated and entered into SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the demographic characteristics of the mothers and the utilization of preconception care. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results show that only 23.4% of the mothers utilized preconception care. Parity, employment status, and pregnancy intention were significantly associated with preconception care utilization. The odd of utilizing preconception care were 60.2% lower among multiparous women than primiparous women. Working-class mothers were more than 70% less likely to utilize preconception care than mothers who were not employed. Mothers whose pregnancy was intended were 3.4 times more likely to utilized preconception care than mothers whose pregnancy was unintended. Health facilities should establish functional clinics with the availability of evidence-based guidelines to improve uptake of preconception care. Health care professionals should intensify their efforts in encouraging women to receive preconception care.
Diretrizes e contradições da Doutrina De Segurança Nacional expostas no arquivo de documentos do Serviço Nacional De Informações do Paraná (1964-85)
Authors: Neves Júnior José Wilson Assis
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo visa analisar as fontes inéditas do Arquivo de Documentos do Serviço Nacional de Informações do Paraná provenientes do período de ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985), disponíveis no Núcleo de Documentação e Pesquisa Histórica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (NDPH-UEL). As fontes são abordadas a partir da perspectiva do materialismo histórico dialético de matriz lukácsiana, atentando às relações que se estabelecem entre as condições materiais da realidade concreta e as configurações das perspectivas filosófico-ideológicas. Em um primeiro momento, debruça-se na investigação das diretrizes internas de atuação dos agentes que compunham a comunidade de informações. Em seguida, são elencadas as contradições inerentes ao processo de ações persecutórias no combate à subversão, apontando a conivência da comunidade de informações com setores da sociedade civil tendencialmente fascizantes. Evidencia-se o método de racionalização a partir de princípios doutrinários que marcaram as investigações do Serviço Nacional de Informações (SNI) no Paraná.
Weber contra Luhmann
Authors: Silva Lucas Trindade da
Published: September 2021

Elemento básico da sociologia de Niklas Luhmann é a definição da modernidade pela primazia da diferenciação funcional, última forma de diferenciação social antecedida por segmentação, centro/periferia e estratificação. Numa sociedade mundial funcionalmente diferenciada, cada (sub) sistema realiza o seu encerramento autopoiético, fundamentado na comunicação, em códigos binários próprios e exclusivos. Tal concepção da diferenciação na sociedade moderna tende a um formalismo pouco produtivo quando se leva às últimas consequências a intransitividade operativa dos códigos binários, a oposição entre diferenciação e hierarquização, assim como a impossibilidade de pensar processos de indiferenciação. Contra tal rigidez formalista do conceito de diferenciação funcional em Luhmann, neste artigo defende-se que a enunciação clássica da autonomização das esferas sociais na Consideração Intermediária – na medida em que Weber a princípio pensa tal processo a partir das possíveis afinidades, tensões e mesmo colonizações entre as diferentes esferas – oferece uma heurística da (in)diferenciação potente e flexível para pensar a sociedade moderna e contemporânea, livrando-nos de um conjunto de impasses postos pelo conceito luhmanniano de diferenciação funcional.