IMPLEMENTATION OF SMOKING FREE AND PROPORTION OF SMOKING IN POPULATION IN PROVINCE OF BANTEN, WEST JAVA, LAMPUNG, BENGKULU AND GORONTALO
Authors: Rosdiana Dian , Achmadi Umar Fahmi , Mahmuda Dede 
Published: March 2023

Merokok merupakan perilaku berisiko yang menyebabkan penyakit tidak menular seperti stroke, jantung, dan kanker yang menjadi beban penyakit baru di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar, proporsi merokok pada penduduk umur 10 tahun dari 23,7% di 2007 menjadi 24,3% di 2018. Menurut laporan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional, proporsi merokok pada penduduk umur 15 tahun selama tahun 2019-2021, sekitar 29%. Satu upaya untuk mengurangi perilaku merokok yaitu penerapan kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) yang wajib dijalankan pemerintah daerah sesuai Undang-Undang tentang Kesehatan Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 danÂ  Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 109 Tahun 2012. Kebaruan penelitian ini karena meneliti tentang perbandingan penerapan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok dan proporsi merokok pada penduduk di 5 Provinsi. Studi ekologi deskriptif dengan pendekatan dokumentasi ini bertujuan membandingkan proporsi merokok penduduk level provinsi dari data Riskesdas tahun 2007, 2013, dan 2018 dan Susenas tahun 2015-2021. Provinsi yang dibandingkan Banten, Jawa Barat, Lampung, Bengkulu dan Gorontalo. Analisis dilakukan dengan melihat adanya kebijakan KTR dan proporsi merokok penduduk di wilayahnya. Kelima Provinsi tersebut selalu memiliki proporsi penduduk merokok setiap hari di atas angka nasional walaupun beberapa telah memiliki peraturan KTR. Angka nasional Riskesdas sekitar 23,7% dan 24,3%, sedangkan Susenas sekitar 28,69-30,8%. Hasil Riskesdas dan Susenas menunjukkan proporsi merokok penduduk umur 10 tahun di lima provinsi tidak berkurang signifikan bahkan cenderung fluktuatif walaupun telah terbit peraturan KTR paling cepat tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2021. Kesimpulannya terbitnya Peraturan daerah KTR di lima Provinsi tidak cukup berpengaruh terhadap angka prevalensinya.Kata Kunci: Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR); Kebijakan; Perilaku merokokÂ AbstractSmoking is risky behavior that causes non-communicable diseases such as stroke, heart disease, and cancer, which are the burden of new infections in developing countries, including Indonesia. Based on Basic Health Research, the proportion of smoking in the population aged 10 years from 23.7% in 2007 to 24.3% in 2018. According to the National Socioeconomic Survey report, the proportion of smoking in the population aged 15 years during 2019-2021 was about 29%. One effort to reduce smoking behavior is implementing the No Smoking Area (KTR) policy which local governments must carry out by Law on Health Number 36 of 2009 and Government Regulation Number 109 of 2012. The novelty of this study is that it examines the comparison of the application of Non-Smoking Areas and the proportion of smoking in the population in 5 Provinces. This descriptive ecological study with a documentation approach aims to compare the smoking proportion of the provincial population from Riskesdas data in 2007, 2013, and 2018 and Susenas in 2015-2021. Provinces compared to Banten, West Java, Lampung, Bengkulu, and Gorontalo. The analysis was carried out by looking at the KTR policy and the proportion of smoking residents in the region. Riskesdas and Susenas show that the proportion of smoking in the population aged 10 years in five provinces has remained relatively high and tends to fluctuate even though the KTR regulation was issued as early as 2010 to 2021. The five provinces have always had a proportion of the population smoking above the national figure every day, even though some already have KTR regulations. The national figure forÂ Riskesdas is around 23.7% and 24.3%, while Susenas is about 28.69-30.8%. In conclusion, the issuance of KTR regional regulations in five provinces needs to have more effect on the prevalence rate.Keywords: No Smoking Area (KTR); Policy; Smoking behavior