bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Microclimate Preference of Endemic Species Pinanga arinasae J.R.Witono on Mt. Pengelengan Bedugul Bali
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo , Iryadi Rajif
Published: February 2020

Nyabah or Jabah (Pinanga arinasae J.R.Witono) is pinanga endemic in Bali that spreads in Bali at the Mount Merbuk, Tapak and Pengelengan. This study aimed to determine the distribution, abundance patterns, and habitat preferences of P.arinasae natural microclimate. Field observations was conducted using a systematic sampling method. Plots were made along a transects forest path on the right and the left with the distance of each plot 100 m. P.arinasae distribution in Mount Pengelengan grows clumped with different abundance in each plot. Plot eight is the highest (4 individual) from 17 plots observations. Microclimate observations each plot varies results the light intensity, humidity relative, and air temperature that affect the distribution and abundance P. arinasae. Light intensity is the main factor that regulates the abundance and distribution P. arinasae, and this spesies has the most abundant on the limited canopy covered area, which has hight the light intensity (1319 lux). This Autecological data is the first step in conservation efforts.
The Use of Spatial and Temporal Deixis in The Narrative Essay Written by X Grade Students of Wira Buana 2 Vocational High School
Authors: Chadis Chadis
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to determine the use of spatial and temporal deixis that used in narrative essays written by X grade students Wira Buana 2 Vocational High School. This study use qualitative descriptive approach followed by content analysis technique. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, there are as many as 130 usage of spatial and temporal deixis findings. These findings consist of 66 findings of spatial deixis (50.77%) and 64 findings of temporal deixis (49.23%). This result indicate that the use of spatial and temporal deixis are equally dominant in narrative essays written by X grade students of Wira Buana 2 Vocational High School.
Bahasa Indonesia Development Efforts in The Education Environment As A Character Establishment in Millennial Era
Authors: Romi Isnanda  , Mia Setiawati
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the challenges of developing bahasa Indonesia in the education environment as millennial generation character formation. Education is an official institution that is under the auspices of the state. In fact, education is a very important thing that must be owned by every individual human being. Education is expected to be able to educate the nation's children. This can be seen from the position or education stated in Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2003 about the same right to obtain quality education for every citizen. In the world of education, the ability that must be fulfilled by everyone who needs abilities that can help anyone who easily communicates with the good. But when it did not work properly, it was seen in the world of education in the millennial era that it still lacked raw and correct language, so that Indonesian was always distorted by its narrative. This makes Indonesian language look less authoritative and irregular. Therefore, the need to maintain the use of bahasa Indonesia is for keeping such characters, which arev(1) not afraid of misreading, (2) not afraid of making mistakes in pronunciation, (3) not afraid of making mistakes, and (4) eliminating self-mistrust.
Acronym Formation Study in Waspada Medan Daily Newspaper
Authors: Lingga Alkaushar , ML Edi Yanto , Deliani Susy
Published: February 2020

This study examines the process of making an acronym in the Waspada daily newspaper Medan published on 1, 4 and 6 April 2019. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of forming an acronym in the Waspada Medan daily newspaper published on 1, 4 and 6 April 2019. This research method is a descriptive qualitative method. The research data is sourced from the Waspada Medan daily newspaper on 1, 4, and 6 April 2019. Techniques for collecting data with techniques refer to and are accepted. The results of this study describe the five patterns of the formation of acronyms, namely: (1) Tribal sequencing with tribes, (2) sequencing of tribes with tribes and letters, (3) sequencing of words with tribes and letter, (4) impingement of words with terms and letters, and (5) initial letter.

Keywords:acronyms, process, formation, waspada

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang proses pembentukan akronim pada surat kabar harian Waspada Medan terbitan tanggal 1, 4 dan 6 April 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembentukan akronim pada surat kabar harian Waspada Medan terbitan tanggal 1, 4 dan 6 April 2019. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari surat kabar harian Waspada Medan tanggal 1, 4, dan 6 April 2019. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik membaca dan mencatat. Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan lima pola proses pembentukan akronim yaitu: (1) Pengekalan suku dengan suku, (2) Pengekalan suku dengan suku dan huruf, (3) Pengekalan kata dengan suku dan huruf, (4) Pelesapan kata dengan suku dan huruf, dan (5) Pengekalan huruf awal.

Kata kunci: akronim, proses, pembentukan, waspada
Politeness Strategy in Students Lingua to Their Lecturers Via WhatsApp at Information Technology Department of Technical Faculty Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya
Authors: Hafizah Hafizah
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is to know politeness strategy used by students to communicate with lecturers through short messages WA (WhatsApp). The data source in this research is the speech from students to lecturers. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method through three stages, namely data collection, data analysis, and presentation of the results of the analysis. The results showed that students used the politeness strategies of Brown and Levinson when communicating with their lecturers via text messages WA (WhatsApp). The words "please" and "ask for help" are used when speaking frankly, the use of the word "sorry" ethics is speaking with positive politeness, using direct names for speech with negative politeness, and using ambiguous words in communicating vaguely. From the research results, it can be seen that students have a politeness strategy that is used when communicating with lecturers.

 

Keywords: politeness politeness strategies, students and lecturers, WhatsApp

 

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk strategi kesantuan berbahasa yang mahasiswa gunakan dalam berkomunikasi dengan dosen melalui pesan singkat WA (WhatsApp). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan dari mahasiswa kepada dosen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu  pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan penyajian hasil analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa menggunakan strategi kesantunan berbahasa Brown dan Levinson ketika berkomunikai dengan dosen mereka melalui pesan singkat WA (WhatsApp).

Kata “silakan” dan “minta tolong” digunakan ketika bertutur dengan terus terang, penggunaan kata “maaf” Ketika bertutur dengan kesantunan positif,  penggunaan nama langsung untuk tuturan dengan kesantunan negatif, dan menggunakan kata-kata yang ambigu dalam berkomunikasi dengan samar-samar. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa mahasiswa mempunyai strategi kesantunan berbahasa yang digunakan ketika berkomunikasi dengan dosen.

 

 Kata Kunci: strategi kesantunan berbahasa, mahasiswa dan dosen, WhatsApp
Implementasi Metode Pendidikan Qur’ani Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwarah Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Romli Syahril , Lailatul Izzah
Published: February 2020

This research sees the importance of the position of the Qur'an as the main source of Islamic education. One method that can be applied is the tarbawy interpretation method. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The author uses primary and secondary sources related to the object of study. The purpose of this study is to uncover educational experiments in the perspective of the Koran and their application in the al-Munawwarah Islamic boarding school in Pekanbaru. Based on the results of the research conducted, the authors found that the concepts of Al-Hikmah, Al-Mauizhah, and Al-Mujadalah have been applied in the learning process in the boarding school of al-Munawarah in the city of Pekanbaru. In the application of the Al-Hikmah Aspect, the application of indicators and words that are true and explicit are applied by the teacher. In the application of the Al-Mauizhah Aspect, the indicators of Advising, commenting on and resolving the subtle are supported by cases that violate ethics for students. Next to the Aspect of Al-Mujadalah the application of indicators in the form of discussions and questions and answers.

Keywords: Quranic Learning Method, Al-Hikmah, Al-Mauizhah, Al-Mujadalah
Al-Qur’an Di Era Gadget: Studi Deskriptif Aplikasi Qur’an Kemenag
Authors: Althaf  Husein
Published: February 2020

The development of science and technology can reduce the interest and learning of the Koran. An increasingly modern era gave birth to various gadgets in which there are exciting applications and games. Responding to the problem, the government of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia then made an application for the Ministry of Religion's Qur'an, that the Qur'an can now be studied not only through printing media but turned to applications that are more practical and easier for the community. On the other hand, the study of al-Qur'an in the gadget then leaves many problems dilemma around the sacredness of the Qur'an. with a descriptive analytical-writing method, it examines and explores the application of the Ministry of Religion's Qur'an from its development background, features, patterns of presentation of the Qur'an to its advantages and disadvantages.

Keywords: Al-Qur'an, Ministry of Religion, Gadgets
About TESOL in Context
Authors: Minett Carly
Published: February 2020

ACTA statementThe aims of the journalGuidelinesCopyrightEditorsJournal CoordinatorEditorial Board
A Novel Nanotube/VES-Based High Temperature High Pressure Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Afra Salar , Samouei Hamidreza , Mahmoudkhani Ramtin , Nasr-El-Din Hisham
Published: February 2020

Viscoelastic surfactants (VES) were introduced to apply in hydraulic fracturing fluids as a proppant carrier in order to replace polymers which possess high potential for formation damage. Yet, VES technology is limited by its low thermal stability and high leak-off behavior in high permeability formations. This study aims to design a novel VES based hydraulic fracturing fluid assisted by functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT) to enhance its rheological properties and extend its thermal stability.

Two types of VESs were tested in the present study. Viscosity measurements were conducted on the VES/CNT system with different concentrations of CNT to characterize the rheological properties of the system. Thermal stability of tested systems were evaluated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. To understand the nature of the VES interactions with nanotubes infrared (IR) spectroscopy was conducted.

The results of rheological measurements demonstrate that addition of trace amounts of CNT, 0.04 to 0.2 wt%, to the solution of 6 wt% VES would enhance the rheological behavior (viscosity and elasticity) of tested VES systems by 40%. IR spectroscopy experiment was carried out to determine the functional groups that are involved in the interaction of CNT and viscoelastic surfactants. These results denoted that amide is the main functional group that can interact with CNT through hydrogen bonding and causes alternation of micellar structures due to change in the repulsion forces between surfactants headgroups. These findings were further confirmed by the results of NMR analysis.

The nanomaterial-enhanced fracturing fluids based on VES exhibit numerous advantages over conventional polymeric or VES-based systems including high-temperature performance, non-damaging nature, and low additive loading.
Case Study: Barium Sulfate Scale Removal by Dynamic Underbalance
Authors: Mahmud Walid Mohamed , Ermila Mansur
Published: February 2020

Petroleum wells producing water are likely to develop deposits of inorganic scales that may form near the wellbore and may plug perforations, coat casing, production tubulars, valves, deteriorate pump performance, and affect downhole completion equipment. Scales form and precipitate because the solution equilibrium of water is disturbed by pressure and temperature changes, dissolved gases or incompatibility between mixing waters. If scale formation and precipitation are allowed to proceed, scaling will limit production, eventually requiring abandonment of the well. In order to remove the effects of scale on production after a well undergoes sharp or early decline in production, it is essential to first determine which scales are forming and where they are forming. Some of this information can be reliably inferred from computer simulation procedures or by running calipers down the wellbore and measure decreases in the tubing inner diameter so that the scale can be physically detected. Gamma ray log interpretation may also be used to detect barium sulfate scale because naturally radioactive radium precipitates as an insoluble sulfate with this scale. Scale remediation techniques must be quick and nondamaging to the wellbore, tubing, and the reservoir. If the scale is in the wellbore, it can be removed mechanically or dissolved chemically. Selecting the best scale-removal technique for a particular well depends on knowing the type and quantity of scale, its physical composition, and its texture. Mechanical methods such as Dynamic Underbalance Pressure (DUP) technique are among the promising methods of scale removal in tubulars and across perforations. The purpose of this work is to present a case study of removing barium sulfate (BaSO4) scales from perforation tunnels utilizing dynamic underbalance technique. Wells from a North African oil field were selected for designed and optimized dynamic underbalance treatments to remove barium sulfate scales that precipitated in the perforation tunnels, preventing hydrocarbons flow from the formation to the production tubing. Gamma ray log and production logging tool were used before the treatment to detect and evaluate the type of scale and the intervals affected. Then the same tools were used after the treatment to assess stimulation taking place in the wells. Data obtained from the treatment was used to develop a model for predicting productivity index/inflow performance relationships. The dynamic underbalance technique successfully removed scale from all targeted wells, leading to an increase in oil production, without killing them (i.e. while still in production). Some wells achieved increase in oil production after the treatment of up to 65%. A predictive model was developed in order to estimate the performance of an underbalance scale removal treatment.
Restoring Well Productivity Suffers from Complex Organic and Inorganic Deposition in Malaysian Oil Producers: Case Study and Lesson Learnt
Authors: Mohd Shafian Siti Rohaida , Abu Bakar Azfar Israa , Abdullaev Bakhtiyor , Ho Zhe Xin Dylan , A. Aziz Khairul Mustaqim , Yap Yin Ho , M. Sariffudin Syazwani , A. Rahman Hazrina , Minggu Nur’ain , M. Fauzi M Farhan , Ting Chang Siong , Kamat Dahlila , M. Ibrahim Jamal Mohamad
Published: February 2020

Formation damage caused by organic and inorganic deposition particularly near and around wellbore, can substantially reduce the hydrocarbon production. In depleted oil reservoirs, when reservoir-driving forces are low and in declining stage, even small resistance can restrict the fluid flow resulting in loss of well productivity. Single stage chemical system was designed to restore the oil production of Malaysian oil producers that suffers with complex deposition problems. Extensive well selection activities and laboratory analysis were conducted prior to the well treatment.

This paper presents five case studies of treated wells that have been revived or boosted using the single stage chemical system. The well treatment consist of bull-heading a pill of pre-flush to facilitate the action of the main chemical system, followed by the main chemical, soaking for 24 hours and flow back the well. The well treatment job was completed successfully and safely with chemical cost saving of 40%. Post well treatment showed mixed results by instantaneous average production improvement of more than 400% for Well BK1, BK2 and BK3 and 26% production gain for Well BT2. The improved production sustained up to five months before a drop in production back to the old trend. Well BT3 wellbore damage was partially removed with less incremental in terms of gross production post treatment.

Primary hypothesis of short sustainability of the post well treatment is likely due to re-deposition of wax within the subsurface environment. Confirmation on this hypothesis is planned through slick line intervention. The instantaneous production gain highlighted the opportunity to replicate the technology with improved method by incorporating the inhibition chemical component to other potential wells that face similar deposition problem through proactive and preventive approach to ensure production sustainability and minimize the number of idle wells.
Reservoir Optimized Conformable Sand Control Completion in Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Li Weiming , Becerra Moreno Oscar , Malbrel Christophe
Published: February 2020

In recent years, shape memory polymer materials (SMP) and conformable sand control technology have shown significant advantages to conventional gravel packing or expandable screen solutions by providing the right combination of operational simplicity, total conformance, wellbore stability, and superior filtration required for long-term sand control and effective production inflow from reservoirs. Contrary to gravel packing that requires most of the wellbore length to be covered by screen to help dehydrate the slurry, the shape memory material may be placed selectively across the sweet spots. This has led to the question about how much of the intervals would need to be covered to get maximum productivity with the minimum SMP coverage, thereby impacting the overall completion cost. This paper utilizes reservoir modeling based well completion simulation to evaluate the impact of the SMP cartridge design configuration and reservoir properties on well production performance and provide optimized screen design solutions to maximize well production in oil reservoirs.

The reservoir model and horizontal well completion with the SMP cartridge modules are built in a reservoir simulator. Three categories of simulation cases are performed to investigate their impact on production: the number of cartridges per well segment, cartridge locations and spacing, and reservoir properties such as permeability and capacity.

These case results are compared with a base case where conventional standalone screen is used. The comparisons are used to define maximized and/or most economical sand control solutions. The results provide an effective optimization solution for maximized cumulative well production in oil reservoirs. In low rate wells, the simulation results also provide a more economical solution for cost sensitive well completions. Simulation results demonstrate significant production improvements with conformable SMP technology over conventional screens and provide a useful workflow to optimize completion designs for different reservoirs.
Curing Lost Circulation in Fractured Reservoirs Using a Level-Off Cement Plugging Method- Case Studies in Drilling and Workover Applications
Authors: Ashena Rahman , Ghalambor Ali , Hekmatinia Abdol-Azim
Published: February 2020

Controlling lost circulation during drilling operations in a reservoir prone to losses is typically remedied by cement squeezing or plug setting. The aim being to minimize or stop drilling fluid losses and to regain full returns at surface, and to affect wellbore integrity. Different placement methods of cement plugs have been discussed in detail in the literature, except for the ‘level-off’ method, which is particularly effective for curing complete loss circulation cases. Following the mathematical modeling of this cement plug placement method, its design, procedure and execution are discussed, together with some successful field cases, both drilling and workover situations in highly-fractured carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East.

Using drill pipe and an installed a Retrievable-Test-Treat-Squeeze (RTTS) packer, with some spacing from the loss zone, the method entails that the cement slurry is allowed to drop by gravity in order to cure lost circulation. As the column of fluid, mud and slurry in the well exceeds formation pore pressure, i.e. overbalanced conditions, a volume of acid-soluble cement slurry is allowed to slowly drop and freely penetrate the formation, i.e. through its fractures or caverns. During the penetration of this viscous slurry into the loss zone, the cement can set and the fracture or fissure openings are plugged. In addition, to minimize or prevent further losses, this cementing technique may also mitigate formation damage of adjacent zones.

Presented are detailed design calculations for the level-off placement technique: determination of required cement slurry and displacement volumes, and recommended displacement and RTTS packer setting depths. The expected depth of the top of cement is estimated. The design parameters are compared with field cases and explanations are given for possible discrepancies. Detailed field procedures and execution are also presented.

This is the first known, detailed description and modelling of the level-off cement placement technique in the literature.
Effects of Kaolinite on Fines Migration and Formation Damage
Authors: Prempeh Kofi , Chequer Larissa , Badalyan Alexander , Bedrikovetsky Pavel
Published: February 2020

The presence of residual oil or gas during fines migration in porous media greatly affects particle mobilization and capture. This paper investigates the effects of kaolinite content on fines migration and formation damage in the presence of oil residual. We carried out corefloods on engineered sand-packs that contained different percentages of kaolinite. Each core sample was subjected to brine injections varying from seawater salinity to freshwater. Measurements of the pressure drop and effluent particle size distributions were performed for each injection. It was determined that the main cause of permeability decline was pore throat straining by kaolinite. A higher decline of permeability accompanied by intensive fines production was encountered during freshwater injection. If compared with fines migration under single-phase flow, having a residual phase showed a significant decrease in formation damage and the amount of produced kaolinite. The laboratory data were matched with the analytical model for one-dimensional linear flow. A close agreement between the coreflood data and the model was obtained. The model coefficients were used for well injectivity decline prediction using a numerical one-dimensional radial injection model. The kaolinite content and the residual oil phase greatly impacted the well injectivity decline.
A Concise Review of Experimental Works on Proppant Transport and Slurry Flow
Authors: Roostaei Morteza , Nouri Alireza , Hosseini Seyed Abolhassan , Soroush Mohammad , Velayati Arian , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Ghalambor Ali , Fattahpour Vahidoddin
Published: February 2020

Final proppant distribution inside hydraulic fractures which depends on particle properties, movement and deposition highly impact wellbore productivity and consequently is crucial in modeling and design of hydraulic fracturing. This paper presents a thorough review of laboratory scale tests performed on proppant transport related to hydraulic fracturing treatments and governing physics behind its mechanisms.

The interaction between fluid (gas and liquid) and solid particles has been investigated in applied mathematics and physics. In such phenomena, there is always a relative motion between particles and fluids. In this work this relative motion during proppant movement, sedimentation and fluidization in both small- and large-scale lab tests have been assessed in detail. Existing correlations which relate proppant particles settling velocity to concentration of proppant particles, fracture wall and inertia effect in Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluid are presented as well.

Lab tests show that various parameters determine the proppant particles distribution inside the fractures. Particle settling velocity, an influential parameter in this regard, is impacted by fracture walls, inertia and the presence of other particles. Inertia changes the relation of drag coefficient and Reynold number. Fracture wall and particles concentration decrease settling velocity as drag force increases. At a certain level, concentration reaches to its limit. Proppant concentration, in addition, increases the suspension viscosity, fracture width and net pressure. However, it deceases the fracture length as more pressure loss occurs along the fracture. As a result, well productivity is highly impacted by the proppant settling and distribution.

Many studies have been devoted to identifying different aspects of hydraulic fracturing and proppant transport mechanisms in porous media. This study highlights the key parameters and their effects, existing correlations and physics behind them for better understanding and management of this mechanism.
Successful Application of Non-Damaging Drill-In-Fluids Proves Oil Production Improvement in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Kalhor Mohammadi Mojtaba , Tahmasbi Nowtarki Koroush , Ghalambor Ali
Published: February 2020

Production of heavy oil reservoirs are increasing due to the limitation in conventional resources. Despite the availability of different technologies and methods for recovery and enhancing the oil production from heavy oil reservoirs, we need to consider the oil production from these reservoirs with their particular rock and fluid chemical characteristics to prevent serious formation damage during drilling the reservoir. Heavy oil is intend to build strong microemulsions that blocks the reservoir pores. Unfortunately, this concept is missed and the heavy oil properties and its viscosity are considered as the main problems. This paper studies the formation damage and mitigation in heavy oil reservoirs.

Drilling fluid is the first non-indigenous fluid to contact the formation and thus, it provides the first opportunity for causing permeability damage. The key point in formation damage control is to minimize the invasion zone into the reservoir section. Controlling the chemical reactions between invaded fluid type and heavy oil along with the changes in rock properties plays an important role in emulsion blocking which is the main cause of formation damage in these reservoirs. In addition, we need to consider other parameters such as lithology and shale dispersant which can be the other source of damage to plug the porous media.

Both Laboratory pilot tests and field application proves the effect and performance of drill-in-fluid in the heavy oil reservoirs. The designed high performance reservoir compatible drilling fluid replaced oil based mud which reduced formation damage by keeping the production index at acceptable and higher level comparing to previously drilled wells. Furthermore, the paper discusses the designed criteria including formulation, properties and applications of the fluid in detail by comparing lab and field data to prove the effect of Drill-in-Fluid effect on the well production performance.

It was observed that the high performance, reservoir compatible drilling fluid system, successfully minimized formation damage by minimizing fluid loss invasion into the reservoir comparing with conventional OBM with lower skin factor. This recorded a higher productivity index up to 10 times which is a unique achievement without stimulation. The oil production rate of the nominated well increased more than that of the nearby wells.
Impact of Oil Saturation, CO2 Evolution, and Rock Wettability on Acid Efficiencies During Carbonate Acidizing: A Three-Phase Perspective
Authors: Kumar Harish T. , Muhemmed Sajjaat , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: February 2020

Success rates of carbonate acidizing, when upscaling from single, aqueous-phase laboratory analyses to field scale levels have been poor. Analyzing matrix acidizing performances in carbonate reservoirs with two-phase environments. i.e., oil and water, has picked up importance currently in the stimulation industry. A lack of understanding of the mechanisms taking place in this complex subsurface process still exists, particularly with carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution from limestone dissolution, and the presence of a secondary fluid phase in the medium.

A detailed investigation via experimental core studies and fluid modeling / characterization has been performed for oil/water environments in the porous media. Moderate permeability carbonate cores, with an average of 14% porosity were used for this study. Six acidizing experiments with 15 wt% hydrochloric (HCl) acid were performed using outcrop Indiana limestone cores, at temperatures of 150°F and initial pore pressures of 600 and 1,200 psi. The presence of a light crude oil in the cores at residual conditions was tested for acid efficiencies in un-aged and aged conditions. Rock wettability measurements via contact angle experiments, and oil/water interfacial tension, σow, measurements were conducted, and the effects of CO2 to alter the rock-wettability, oil/water interfacial tensions, was studied. Characterization of the crude oil was performed using Equation of State based simulations, and the behavior of CO2-crude oil systems were evaluated via simulated minimum miscibility pressure and swelling tests.

Cores with residual oil at water-wet conditions yielded the least acid pore volumes to breakthrough (PVbt), at all tested pore pressures. An increased oil-wetness of the rock resulted in greater acid PVbt's, when compared to water-wet systems with both residual oil and fully water saturated cores. CO2's capability to alter rock-wettability did not show any benefits toward improving acid efficiencies in cores at residual oil saturations, Sor. The acid efficiencies in porous media containing oil and water largely depend on the access of sufficient rock surface to the acid species, for which rock-wettabilities are a governing factor.
A Comprehensive Rheological Study for a Flowing Polymer-Based Drilling Fluid Used for Wellbore Strengthening
Authors: Magzoub Musaab Ibrahim , Salehi Saeed , Hussein Ibnelwaleed Ali , Nasser Mustafa Saleh
Published: February 2020

Loss circulation encountered in highly fractured formations, depleted reservoir, or HP/HT intervals is the root cause of many problems plaguing the oil and gas sector for many years. High pore pressure narrows the window of safe drilling, while in depleted reservoir fracture pressure is remarkably reduced, which may lead to a lower pressure-bearing capacity. Therefore, a proper predrill wellbore strengthening strategy is needed to anticipate wellbore issues and design drilling fluids that strengthen unstable formations.

This study benefits from the successful applications of polymers in water shut-off. Whereas polymers are used to entirely plugs high water productive zones, the flowing polymer-based mud (PBM) is proposed and evaluated to enhance wellbore strengthening. Based on the API drilling fluids testing procedures, varied polyacrylamide/polyethyleneimine PAM/PEI systems were tested and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is added as a retarder to control gelling time as need. Base fluid formulated with PAM/PEI was optimized to attain the desired rheological properties. Weighting and other commercial essential additives were also added, and the formula is tested for rheology, stability, and sealing efficacy.

Our proposed PBM formula with proper concentration of polymer in water and optimized PAM to PEI ratio is found to be highly competitive in comparison with the conventional methods of loss circulation prevention and wellbore strengthening techniques. This paper introduces an innovative design for a flowing polymer-based mud (PBM) for wellbore strengthening and provides wide-range of assessment. Moreover, the essential rheological characteristics revealed in this study for several PAM/PEI mud systems under various conditions can set the stage for wide application of these muds globally where tremendous reduction in drilling non-productive time (NPT) can be achieved.
Aquaporin 3 Expression Pattern in Gastric Diseases and its significance
Authors: Li Heng , Dai Xudong , Dou Jin , Xu Hualin , Min Qi , Zhu Lun , Li Yuewu , Zhuang Haiwen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Haijian
Published: February 2020

Background

Aquaporin 3(AQP3) has been implicated in gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer, and considered as a biomarker to improve treatment strategy. Accumulating evidence suggests that AQP3 is involved in the gastric carcinogenesis and the disease progression. However, whether AQP3 is involved in the transformation from gastritis to gastric cancer remain elusive. In this study, we intended to realized the expression pattern and its significance of AQP3 in different gastric diseases.

Methods

A total of 101 patients diagnosed with gastric diseases were included in the study. A gastric tissue biopsy was taken from the gastric antrum during endoscopic examination. Expression of AQP3 protein is determined by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal rabbit anti-AQP3 antibody. Percentage of positive cells and staining intensity were counted and measured.

Results

The frequency of AQP3 positivity was similar between the disease types of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric erosion, and atrophic gastritis, whereas the frequency of AQP3 positivity was significantly higher in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia、gastric dysplasia 、gastric polyps and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma than that in patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric erosion, or atrophic gastritis(p<0.0001, p=0.001, p=0.006, p=0.0009, respectively), especially in the patients with hyperplastic polyps (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The frequency of AQP3 positivity was significantly higher in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia, gastric dysplasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma, and the frequency between them was similar, suggesting that AQP3 expression is peaked at the stage of gastric intestinal metaplasia, which further confirmed that gastric intestinal metaplasia is a pivotal progression in gastric carcinogenesis pathologically. Interestingly, it is the first time to report AQP3 positive expression in patients with gastric polyps. In short, AQP3 is involved in the progression from gastritis to gastric adenocarcinoma, and might be a potential biomarker to improve the treatment strategy of gastric cancer.
The Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ): a validation study with objective accelerometer registrations
Authors: Maes Iris , Ketels Margo , Dyck Delfien Van , Clays Els
Published: February 2020

Background: The Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ) was developed as an easy-to-use instrument for self-reported assessment of percentage sitting, standing, walking and performing heavy labour in a workplace setting. This study aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of all dimensions of the OSPAQ compared to objective accelerometer measures of occupational physical activities in a mixed sample of sedentary and physically active professions. Methods: Data from the Flemish Employees’ Physical Activity (FEPA) study were used, including employees from the service and production sector. All participants filled in a questionnaire, underwent clinical measurements, and wore two accelerometers for at least 2 consecutive working days. Intra-class (ICC) and Spearman rho correlations (r) were analyzed to assess criterion validity. Results: The sample included 401 workers (16% sedentary profession) with a mean age of 39.2 (± 11) years. Criterion validity was good and moderate for assessing percentage of sitting (ICC=0.84; r=0.53), and standing (ICC=0.64; r=0.53), respectively. The criterion validity for walking was weak to moderate (ICC=0.50; r=0.49), and weak for performing heavy labour (ICC=0.28; r=0.35). Stronger validity scores were found in sedentary professions for occupational sitting and standing. In physically active professions, an underestimation of self-reported sitting and standing was found, and an overestimation of self-reported walking and heavy labour. No significant self-reported over- or underestimation was found for sitting and heavy labour in sedentary professions, but an underestimation of self-reported standing (p<0.001) and an overestimation of self-reported walking (p<0.001) was observed. Conclusions: The OSPAQ has acceptable measurement properties for assessing occupational sitting and standing. Objective measurements of occupational walking and heavy labour are recommended, since a poor criterion validity was found for both.
Overexpressed LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited gastric cancer (GC) development and sensitized chemoresistant GC cells to cisplatin by regulating miR-223-3p/NLRP3 axis
Authors: Ren Niansheng , Jiang Tao , Wang Chengbo , Xie Shilin , Xing Yanwei , Piao Daxun , Zhang Tiemin , Zhu Yuekun
Published: February 2020

Background The role of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 in the regulation of pathogenesis and chemoresistance of gastric cancer (GC) is largely unkonwn, and this study aimed to solve this problem. Methods Real-Time qPCR was used to examine LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 and miR-223-3p expressions, and pearson correlation analysis was conducted to analyse their correlations. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate prognosis of GC patients. Dual-luciferase reporter gene system and pull-down assay were employed to validate the target sites of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2, miR-223-3p and NLRP3 mRNA. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, trypan blue staining and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis ratio was detected by FCM and TUNEL assay. Transwell assay for cell migration and Western Blot for protein expressions. ELISA was used to measure cytokines secretion. FISH was conducted to examine LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 expressions and localization in mice cancer tissues. Results LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 was low-expressed in GC tissues and cells compared to their normal counterparts. Besides, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited miR-223-3p expressions in GC cells by acting as competing endogenous RNA, and the levels of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 and miR-223-3p showed negative correlations in GC tissues. Of note, overexpression of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited GC cell viability and motility by sponging miR-223-3p. In addition, the levels of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 were lower, and miR-223-3p was higher in cisplatin-resistant GC (CR-GC) cells than their parental cisplatin-sensitive GC (CS-GC) cells. LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 overexpression enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on CR-GC cells, which were reversed by overexpressing miR-223-3p. Furthermore, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 increased NLRP3 expressions by targeting miR-223-3p, and upregulation of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 triggered pyroptotic cell death in cisplatin treated CR-GC cells by activating NLRP3 inflammasome through downregulating miR-223-3p. Finally, the promoting effects of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 overexpression on CR-GC cell death were abrogated by pyroptosis inhibitor NSA.Conclusions LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 acted as a tumor suppressor and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in GC cells by regulating miR-223-3p/NLRP3 axis mediated pyroptosis.
Community composition and functional genes as well as ecological role of bacteria attached to different bloom-forming cyanobacteria
Authors: Song Chunlei , Yang Liu , Cao Xiuyun , Chen Xiaoyan , Deng Qinghui , Wan Lingling , Li Xiaowen , Zhou Yiyong
Published: February 2020

Background

Eutrophication leads to frequent outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms, especially those of the genera Dolichospermum and Microcystis. The contribution of bacteria attached to algal cells to cyanobacterial blooms is still not clear and specific. To gain a deeper understanding of functional genes and their role in bacteria attached to different bloom-forming cyanobacteria, we carried out microbial experiments associated with Dolichospermum and Microcystis in four fish ponds.

Results

The significantly positive relationships between Dolichospermum density and total nitrogen (TN) and between Microcystis density and particle nitrogen (PN) indicated the strong nitrogen (N) demand of these two species. The lack of functional genes mediating the nitrification process in bacteria attached to both Microcystis and Dolichospermum indicated that these two species preferred ammonium (NH 4 + -N). Dolichospermum could overcome N limitation through N 2 fixation expressed by high nitrogenase genes abundance. Compared to bacteria attached to Dolichospermum cells, bacteria attached to Microcystis cells showed a higher activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and a significantly higher abundance of functional genes (such as nrfA , nirB and aminopeptidase genes) mediating the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The significantly higher abundance of functional genes (carbon degradation) and β-glucosidase (GLU) activity of bacteria attached to Microcystis than those of bacteria attached to Dolichospermum suggested the abundant organic carbon bound Microcystis cells, which was prerequisite for DNRA. Also, Microcystis had a great advantage in solving phosphorus (P) stress, including high levels of organic phosphorus hydrolysis associated with high levels of phosphatase genes of attached bacteria. The difference of functional community compositions of bacteria attached to Microcystis and Dolichospermum resulted in the functional differentiation.

Conclusions

Dolichospermum and Microcystis growth was susceptible to P and N (especially NH 4 + -N) limitation, respectively, the latter of which could be effectively solved by attached bacteria through DNRA and ammonification. The P acquisition disadvantage of Dolichospermum resulted in its frequent replacement by Microcystis , especially in conditions of P deficiency. Hence, the evaluation of nutrient limitation (N or P) type of algal growth should combine the nutrient concentration and ratio as well as the ability to solve nutrient deficiency.
Elevated total homocysteine predicts in-hospital pneumonia and poor functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: You Shoujiang , Wang Lixuan , Du Huaping , Zheng Danni , Zhong Chongke , Wu Qiuyi , Ding Chunqin , Wang Wanhua , Cao Yongjun , Liu Chun-Feng
Published: February 2020

Background

The impact of elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) on functional outcomes and pneumonia after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is still not well understood.

We investigated the association between tHcy levels upon hospital admission and in-hospital short-term outcomes in AIS patients.

Methods

A total of 2,084 AIS patients enrolled from December 2013 to May 2014 across 22 hospitals in Suzhou city were included in the present study. We divided patients into 4 groups according to their level of admission tHcy: Q1 (<9.70 umol/L), Q2 (9.70-12.3 umol/L), Q3 (12.3-16.9 umol/L), and Q4 (≥16.9 umol/L). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of tHcy on the short-term outcomes, including in-hospital pneumonia, all cause in-hospital mortality and poor outcome upon discharge (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) in AIS patients.

Results

During hospitalization, 332 patients (15.9%) had pneumonia, 57 patients (2.7%) died from all causes and 784 (37.6%) patients experienced poor outcome at discharge. The risk of in-hospital pneumonia was significantly higher in patients with highest tHcy level (Q4) compared to those with lowest (Q1) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.33; P -trend =0.019). The highest tHcy level (Q4) was associated with a 3.35-fold and 1.50-fold increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality(adjusted OR 3.35; 95% CI, 1.11–10.13; P -trend =0.015) and poor outcome upon discharge(adjusted OR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06–2.12; P -trend =0.044) in comparison to Q1 after adjustment for potential covariates including pneumonia. Subgroup analyses further confirmed a significant association between higher tHcy levels and a high risk of short-term outcomes.

Conclusions

Having a high admission tHcy level was independently associated with in-hospital pneumonia, all cause in-hospital mortality and poor outcome upon discharge in AIS patients. Moreover, the association between higher tHcy and poor functional outcome was not modified by pneumonia.
A benchmarked in-silico driven pipeline capable of complete trifecta protein analysis
Authors: Perera Duwage Dahampriya Baladeva Deshan , Peiris Dinithi
Published: February 2020

Background Current in-silico based proteomics requires the prediction, validation and functional analysis of a modelled protein. The main drawback in this protocol is the lack of a singular protocol that utilizes a proper set of benchmarked open science tools to accurately predict a protein’s structure and function. Results The present study aims to utilize a series of openly available computational tools to formulate a complete pipeline capable of analyzing a novel protein’s amino acid sequence, reveal its phylogenetic relationships and conserved residues. The resultant data would then be utilized in the formulation of the protein’s tertiary structure followed by functional analysis through virtual screening. This novel protocol was benchmarked utilizing the Cystatin C protein obtained from Danio rerio and the AChE proteins of Homo sapiens and Rattus norvegicus. Conclusion The resultant pipeline utilizes freely available in-silico tools capable of complete protein analysis including a novel protein’s functional analysis. The methodology has been proven and the tools have been benchmarked as the most suited for complete trifecta protein analysis.
Perspectivas Pedagógicas em Nietzsche: diálogo, agonismo e o cultivo de si.
Authors: Hardt Lucia Schneider
Published: February 2020

Este estudo de caráter bibliográfico tem como propósito destacar o lugar e a importância do diálogo na obra de Nietzsche e conectá-la com a ideia de agonismo, também importante na obra do filósofo e desenvolvida por Acampora, para refletir sobre a importância dessa conexão para a educação. Tanto a disputa quanto o diálogo nas práticas educativas são procedimentos de enfrentamento da violência, produzindo valores, padrões de medida e sentidos para a convivência humana. A ideia do diálogo e de disputa solicitam uma ideia de cultivo de si desenvolvida por Nietzsche e que inaugura outra pedagogia, que nos coloca no lugar de quem é convidado a evitar a ossificação de uma perspectiva na forma de tirania e ativar em cada um seu processo de individualização, que em alguma medida é um antídoto à sedução ao rebanho para então inventar rotas de fuga criando performances para um pensar e agir mais livres.