bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دور رأس المال الفكري في اداء المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة بحث ميداني في المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في بغداد
Authors: كريم صلاح الدين عواد , عباس ايناس خضير
Published: December 2018

يهدف البحث الى تحديد دور رأس المال الفكري في اداء المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة ولتحقيق هذا الهدف توصل الباحثان من خلال الفكر النظري والدراسات ذات العلاقة الى بناء مخطط فرضي يوضح العلاقة بين المتغيرات المدروسة ، حيث اعتمد الباحثان على دراسة رأس المال الفكري كمتغير مستقل موزع على اربعة ابعاد هي ( رأس المال البشري، رأس المال الهيكلي، رأس المال الزبائني، رأس المال الابداعي) فضلا عن اربعة ابعاد تمثل المتغير المعتمد هي ( محور المال، محور الزبائن، محور العمليات، محور التعلم /النمو) ولقد تكونت العينه من (140) مديراً في القطاع الصناعي، وتوصل البحث الى نتائج عدة منها ابرزها أن رأس المال الفكري في المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في العراق يرتبط ويؤثر في أداء المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في العراق، وقد أستطاعت من توظيف رأس المال البشري المتوافر فيها بتعزيز أدائها. أما اهم التوصيات التي نتجت عن الدراسة فكانت ضرورة أستثمار أدارات المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة لطبيعة العلاقة بين رأس المال البشري وأداء تلك المشروعات في إحداث المزيد من التغييرات
متطلبات ادارة الموهبة في منظمات الاحتواء العالي : دراسة ميدانية في وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا
Authors: ابراهيم نور خليل , سعد خالد سلمان
Published: December 2018

تشكل الموارد البشرية اليوم أهم الموارد التي تمتلكها المنظمة، اذ قد تمتلك الموارد المالية والتكنولوجية المتطورة للوصول إلى أهدافها، الا أنها لا تتمكن من استخدامها بالكفاءة والفاعلية المطلوبة وبالجودة المنشودة ما لم يكن هناك موارد بشرية ذات مهارات وخبرات ومواهب جيدة قادرة على توجيهها واستغلالها بالشكل الأمثل الذي يتوافق مع متطلبات السوق، حيث ان الأسواق اليوم ومنظمات الإعمال فيه تتنافس بطبيعة المواهب الكامنة فيها ، لذا فان مهمة استقطاب وتطوير الموارد الموهوبة والحفاظ عليها من التحديات التي تواجه المنظمات.

وسعى البحث إلى تحقيق مجموعة من الأهداف منها تشخيص متطلبات إدارة الموهبة في منظمات الاحتواء العالي كما انطلقت مشكلة البحث من واقع المنظمات وأهميتها في ظل تزايد المنافسة على المواهب، وان الشكل الوحيد القوي وغير قابل للتقليد في الميزة التنافسية هي الموهبة التي تستطيع المنظمة امتلاكها من خلال ثقافتها وان جاذبية القيم القوية والمواهب المنفتحة والتحيز الفكري والممارسات القوية، ستجلب وتحتفظ بأفضل الإفراد فيها،  ان منظمات اليوم أخذت تحقيق التغير الثقافي لاعن طريق المصادفه، بل من خلال اعتماد إستراتيجية محددة للاحتواء العالي وخطة عمل قابلة للقياس. ولذا، فان ممارسات الاحتواء العالي تكمن في ايجاد الاحتواء العالي والموهبة ونشرهما او اشاعتهما بين العاملين. وذلك من خلال اختبار العاملين المناسبين للمنظمة والالتزام في التدريب وتطوير المهارات واعتماد نظم المشاركة في اتخاذ القرار ومشاركة المعلومات وكذلك نظم المشاركة في العوائد
PENERAPAN METODE TOPSIS UNTUK SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN KELUARGA MISKIN PADA DESA PANCA KARSA II
Authors: Muzakkir Irvan
Published: December 2018

Menentukan keluarga miskin adalah salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk melakukan intervensi pembangunan dalam bentuk bantuan terhadap keluarga miskin. Tepat sasaran adalah suatu keharusan sehingga benar-benar dapat berdaya guna bagi yang membutuhkan. Perkembangan penduduk Desa Panca Karsa II rata-rata 2% pertahun, sedangkan angka kelahiran dan kematian rata-rata 1% pertahun. Mayoritas mata pencaharian penduduk adalah petani dan buruh tani. Hal ini disebabkan karena sudah turun temurun dan juga minimnya tingkat pendidikan. Model yang digunakan dalam sistem pendukung keputusan ini adalah FMADM dengan menggunakan Metode TOPSIS. Metode TOPSIS tersebut, diharapkan penilaian akan lebih tepat karena didasarkan pada nilai kriteria dan bobot yang sudah ditentukan sehingga akan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat. Untuk itu peneliti mencoba membantu permasalahan tersebut di atas dengan membuatkan suatu sistem pendukung keputusan menggunakan Bahasa Pemrograman PHP dengan Database MySQL, sehingga Penerapan Metode TOPSIS untuk sistem ini dapat memberikan hasil yang maksimal dalam hal pengambilan keputusan.
PENENTUAN JARAK EFISIEN PENGANTARAN PASIEN OLEH AMBULANCE KE RSUD KARAWANG DENGAN ALGORITME DIJKSTRA
Authors: Kartasasmita Masdui , Purba Arif Budimansyah , Kusdiawan Wawan
Published: December 2018

Banyak jalan yang menghubungkan dari berbagai puskemas yang ada di Karawang menuju ke RSUD Karawang dengan jarak tempuh yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi kepada pihak ambulance untuk menentukan rute dalam pengantaran pasien ke RSUD Karawang dengan menggunakan algoritma Dijkstra. Algoritma ini digunakan dalam pencarian rute terpendek yang diharapkan dapat menjadi rute terefisien untuk mencapai tujuan dari lokasi yang diinginkan. Algoritma Dijkstra adalah sebuah algoritma rakus (greedy algorithm) yang dipakai dalam memecahkan permasalahan jarak terpendek (shortest path problem) untuk sebuah graf berarah (directed graph) dengan bobot-bobot sisi (edge weights) yang bernilai tak-negatif. Algoritme Dijkstra dapat diimplementasikan/digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam penentuan jarak efisien suatu daerah kedaerah yang lain dalam hal ini adalah penentuan jarak efisien pengantaran pasien oleh ambulan ke RSUD Karawang.
PENERAPAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR UNTUK SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS PADA RSUD BUMI PANUA KABUPATEN POHUWATO
Authors: Riadi Annahl
Published: December 2018

Diabetes Melitus (DM) atau biasa disebut diabetes merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolik menahun akibat pankreas tidak memproduksi cukup insulin atau tubuh tidak dapat menggunakan insulin yang diproduksi secara efektif. Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Kabupaten Pohuwato mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 8,5% setiap Tahun. Sistem pakar adalah program komputer yang menirukan penalaran seorang pakar dengan keahlian  pada suatu wilayah pengetahuan tertentu. Sistem pakar mencoba mencari solusi, memberikan saran atau kesimpulan yang konsisten terhadap permasalahan yang ditemukannya. Penelitian ini akan dirancang menggunakan Aplikasi Dreamweaver dan bahasa pemrograman PHP, serta database MySQL. Harapan penulis, sistem ini dapat membantu masyarakat dalam mendiagnosa penyakit Diabetes Melitus. Melalui aplikasi ini, pengguna dapat melakukan konsultasi dengan sistem layaknya berkonsultasi dengan seorang pakar untuk mendiagnosa gejala yang terjadi pada pengguna serta menemukan solusi atas permasalahan yang dihadapi. Hasil pengujian sistem diperoleh nilai  Cylomatic complexity = 5 dengan jumlah Region (R)= 5, Node (N)= 10, Edge (E)=13  Predicate Node (P) = 4.
Akut solunum güçlüğü sendromu bulunan 84 kedide klinikopatolojik bulguların değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALIHOSSEINI Hadi , ÇOLAKOĞLU Ekrem Çağatay
Published: December 2018

Akut solunum güçlüğü sendromu (ARDS) kedilerde acil
müdahale gerektiren ve mortalitesi oldukça yüksek bir klinik sendromdur.
Dokuların yeterli düzeyde oksijenlenmesindeki sorunlar şiddetli fiziksel ve
mental disstrese neden olmakta ve bu durum hızlı şekilde ölüm ile
sonuçlanabilmektedir. Bu
çalışma; ARDS’li kedilerde klinikopatolojik bulguların değerlendirilmesini
amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma akut
solunum güçlüğü ve taşipne şikayeti ile getirilen 84 kedi ile
gerçekleştirildi. Eşgal ve anamnez bilgileri kaydedilen hastalarda vücut
ısısı, kapillar dolum zamanı, dakikadaki solunum sayısı ve dehidrasyon derecesi
belirlendi; mukoza kontrolleri, kalp ve akciğer oskültasyonları kısa sürede
yapıldı. Ayırıcı tanıya gidebilmek için hastalarda kan analizleri ve
diyagnostik uygulamalar gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen kedilerin (n:84) 55’i acil
vaka olarak değerlendirildi ve oksijen desteği sağlandı. Hastaların 71’ inde
kan analizleri, 68’inde toraks grafileri, 22’sinde Ekokardiyografi ve 3’ ünde
torakosentez uygulandı. Çalışmada; solunum güçlüğü olan 84 kedinin 65’inde
(%77.38) non-kardiyojenik nedenler, 19 kedide ise (%22.62) kardiyojenik
nedenler belirlendi. Sonuç
olarak; kedilerde akut respiratorik disstres sendromu bir çok
klinikopatolojik nedene bağlı şekillenmekte ve hızlı tanı ve tedavi
yapılmazsa akut solunum aresti sonucu ölüme neden olmaktadır.
Assessment of Proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome in Children by Using Spot Urinary Protein/Creatinine Ratio
Authors: Hossain Delowar , Zahiruddin - , Hoque Monimul
Published: December 2018

Background: Quantification of proteinuria is usually predicted upon 24-hour urine collection. Multiple factors influence urine collection and the rate of protein and creatinine excretion. A spot urine protein-creatinine (P-C) ratio has been shown over the years to be a reliable alternative to the 24-hour collection for detection and follow up of proteinuria. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of urine protein creatinine ratio (UP/UC) in a spot sample for quantitative measurement of proteinuria in comparison with 24 hours urinary protein excretion in children of nephrotic syndrome having normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

Methodology: This was a prospective study conducted in the department of paediatrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital Dhaka over a period of six months from January 2003. Fifty cases of Nephrotic syndrome were included who were on initial attack and relapse cases noted down into the proforma with respect to history, examination and investigation. All the patients were advised regarding 24 hours urine collection. They were asked to give a 24 hours urine sample starting at 9.00 am for total protein excretion rate. A spot urine sample was obtained and urine protein/creatinine ratio was calculated. The data was analyzed by linear regression and by calculating the correlation coefficient between urinary protein/ creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary protein.

Results: Sample size was fifty. Urine total protein in a timed 24-hour sample of nephrotic syndrome patients was in the range of 300-3150mg/m2/hour with the mean value of 1725 mg/m2/hour. While as U(Pr/Cr) ratio ranged from 3.1-27.5 with the mean value of 15.2. A significant correlation was found between timed 24-hour urinary protein and UP/UC ratio (r=0.622, p=<.001.)

Conclusions: Spot urine protein-creatinine ratio is highly reliable and rapid test for quantification of proteinuria in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (3) :108-111
Neonatal Pneumonia in NICU of a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mannan MA , Nahar Nazmun , Ahmed Firoz , Jahan Ismat , Mosleh Taskina , Khan Kamrul Ahsan , Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Shahidullah Mohammod
Published: December 2018

Background: Pneumonia is one of the causes of neonatal infection and responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The study was aimed to reveal frequency and outcome of pneumonia among hospitalized sick newborn of neonatal intensive care unit.

Methodology: This observational study was carried out in the NICU of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) on 94 neonates with the diagnosis of pneumonia admitted from July 2012 to June 2014. All studied neonates were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, routine investigations, chest radiography and blood culture and sensitivity.

Results: Incidence of neonatal pneumonia was 43% among admitted neonates with respiratory distress. Mean birth weight and gestational age were 2392±854 and 33±3.9 weeks respectively. Of enrolled infants with pneumonia, 38 (40.4%) were early onset, 24 (25%) were hospital acquired pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia was documented in 14 (14.8 %) and the rest 18 (19%) were ventilator associated pneumonia. Blood culture was positive in 18 (19%) of cases with neonatal pneumonia; most common pathogen isolated was acinetobacter. Mean duration of hospital stay was 19±8 days. Most of the neonatal pneumonia were cured 72 (76%) with therapy, whereas 17 (18%) died during their hospital course.

Conclusion: Overall incidence among admitted sick neonates was 8.4% which constituted 34% of distressed neonate.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (3) :112-117
Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy: Review Article with A Case Report of Lafora Disease
Authors: Banu Selina Husna , Koli Mashaya Zaman
Published: December 2018

Progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) is an autosomal recessive, apparently a rare complex epilepsy syndrome. Among different types of PME, lafora body disease is more quickly progressive usually fatal within 2nd and 3rd decade. They are characterized by childhood or adolescent onset difficult to control multiple type seizures including myoclonous, generalized tonic clonic, absences, psychomotor regression with ataxia, dementia, dysarthria, visual hallucinations, and other general features. Early suspicion is important that leads to the rational diagnostic workout. The electro-clinical criteria would help a lot to exclude the benign epilepsy syndrome such as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and suspect PME at the early stage of the complex epilepsy syndrome. Diagnosis is further clarified and confirmed by finding lafora body in skin and genetic study. Genetic mutation found in more than 87% cases in EPM2A gene or the EPM2B also known as NHLRC1 gene and are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. EMP2A gene is located on chromosome 6q24. They are reported from Mediterranean basin, central Asia, India, Pakistan, northern Africa and Middle East where consanguineous marriage is common. We report a diagnosed case for the first time in Bangladesh. With the detail clinical history, rational use of the available investigation tools and clinical suspicion, diagnosis of the disorder at its early stage is possible. The rapid progress in genetic therapy would be a great hope in near future.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (3) :138-147
Corrigendum Vol.42(3)
Authors: Editor -
Published: December 2018

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (3) :168
RETRACTED: 1, 25-D3 Protects From Cerebral Ischemia by Maintaining BBB Permeability via PPAR-γ Activation
Authors: Guo Ting , Wang Yanqiang , Guo Yuanfang , Wu Shuguang , Chen Weiwei , Liu Na , Wang Yu , Geng Deqin
Published: December 2018

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and biochemical barrier that maintains cerebral homeostasis. BBB dysfunction in an ischemic stroke, results in brain injury and subsequent neurological impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the possible protective effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25(OH)2D3, 1, 25-D3, vit D] on BBB dysfunction, at the early stages of an acute ischemic brain injury. We analyzed the effects of 1, 25-D3 on BBB integrity in terms of histopathological changes, the neurological deficit, infarct size and the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model. BBB permeability and the expression of permeability-related proteins in the brain were also evaluated by Evans blue (EB) staining and Western blotting respectively. To determine the possible mechanism underlying the role of 1, 25-D3 in BBB maintenance, after MCAO/R, the rats were treated with the specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662. Supplementation with 1, 25-D3 markedly improved the neurological scores of the rats, decreased the infarct volume, prevented neuronal deformation and upregulated the expression of the tight junction (TJ) and BDNF proteins in their brains. Furthermore, it activated PPARγ but downregulated neuro-inflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), after MCAO/R. Taken together, 1, 25-D3 protects against cerebral ischemia by maintaining BBB permeability, upregulating the level of BDNF and inhibiting PPARγ-mediated neuro-inflammation.
Interest Regimes in Fruit Wine Tourism
Authors: Sundbo Donna , Sundbo Jon
Published: December 2018

This article introduces a new theory that seeks to explain why people become interested in new experience fields. Interest regime theory is based on sociology and is applied here to the case of modern fruit wine in Denmark. To supplement the theory, the analysis presented here
also draws on experiential marketing theory. The empirical research investigates how fruit wine festivals and winery visits are used to promote the new field of modern fruit wine and, through this, local tourism. The findings are based on two wine festivals and winery visits in Denmark, which
are studied using a multimethod approach. Producers attempt to create interest for fruit wine and increase sales by creating a fruit wine interest regime, particularly via the festivals. The investigation shows that festivals and winery visits can be means for entrepreneurs to create awareness
of and market a new product. However, many visitors at the festivals still did not know how to use or where to purchase fruit wine, and many visitors were driven by other motivational patterns, particularly having a pleasant experience, and local visitors were motivated by supporting the local
community. So far, the effect on local tourism seems limited.
ECOLOGIC PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATION OF A TURBOJET ENGINE UNDER ON-DESIGN CONDITIONS
Authors: Şöhret Yasin
Published: December 2018

Interest in air transportation in the last decade has seen aviation fleet growth and a rise in the energy consumption of aircraft. In accordance with the latest data, the air transportation sector consumes 7.5% of total oil consumption worldwide. This high share by air transportation forces designers and researchers to develop more efficient propulsion systems by considering the constant rise in energy costs. In the current paper, an exergy based sustainability assessment of a turbojet engine under design point conditions is presented while two novel ecological performance indicators, namely the ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance, are introduced for the turbojet engine. These ecological performance indicators can be considered useful for improving the efficiency of any turbojet engine. As a result of an exemplifying analysis, the exergy efficiency, exergy sustainability index, ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance have been calculated to be 50.13%, 0.503, 68.294 kW and 1.005, respectively. In the light of the results, the author concludes that the exergy destruction rate of the turbojet engine should be minimized to improve the sustainability index and ecological coefficient of performance, while increasing or maintaining a constant thrust of the examined turbojet engine.
A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO IDENTIFY-QUANTIFY-ANALYSE CONSTRUCTION RISK FOR HONG KONG NEC PROJECTS
Authors: Siu Ming-Fung Francis , Leung Wing-Yan Jacqueline , Chan Wai-Ming Daniel
Published: December 2018

Project risks must be managed to deliver construction projects on time and within budget. In recent years, the New Engineering Contract (NEC) provides an alternate contracting method for procuring construction projects. As stipulated in the NEC contract, NEC risk register must be used to record any project risks. The risk register is designed to record each risk item in the context of textual description, likelihood, and consequence. However, it is time-consuming to identify, quantify, and analyse NEC project risks based on experience, questionnaire, simulation, and data-mining approach. Any method to fully utilise the records of NEC risk registers of past projects for managing NEC project risks remains unexplored. As such, a data-driven approach is proposed to categorise common risks of NEC projects and to analyse risk rating of risk categories by combining the use of text mining analysis and decision tree analysis. A practical case study in Hong Kong is used to illustrate the method of application. Top four common types of NEC project risks, which are ground and utilities, design information, structures, and workmanship, were identified, quantified, and analysed. The new approach helps NEC project planners to identify, quantify, and analyse NEC project risks time-efficiently.
The Mismeasure of Mergers: Revised Limits on Self-interacting Dark Matter in Merging Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Wittman David , Golovich Nathan , Dawson William A.
Published: December 2018

In an influential recent paper, Harvey et al. derive an upper limit to the self-interaction cross section of dark matter (DM) (

σ

DM

/

m

 < 0.47 cm2 g−1 at 95% confidence) by averaging the DM–galaxy offsets in a sample of merging galaxy clusters. Using much more comprehensive data on the same clusters, we identify several substantial errors in their offset measurements. Correcting these errors relaxes the upper limit on

σ

DM

/

m

to ≲2 cm2 g−1, following the Harvey et al. prescription for relating offsets to cross sections in a simple solid-body scattering model. Furthermore, many clusters in the sample violate the assumptions behind this prescription, so even this revised upper limit should be used with caution. Although this particular sample does not tightly constrain self-interacting DM models when analyzed this way, we discuss how merger ensembles may be used more effectively in the future. We conclude that errors inherent in using single-band imaging to identify mass and light peaks do not necessarily average out in a sample of this size, particularly when a handful of substructures constitute a majority of the weight in the ensemble.
Photospheric Emission from Variable Engine Gamma-Ray Burst Simulations
Authors: Parsotan Tyler , López-Cámara Diego , Lazzati Davide
Published: December 2018

By coupling radiation transfer calculations to hydrodynamic simulations, there have been major advancements in understanding the long gamma-ray burst (LGRB) prompt emission. Building upon these achievements, we present an analysis of photospheric emission acquired by using the Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer (MCRaT) code on hydrodynamic simulations with variable jet profiles. MCRaT propagates and Compton-scatters individual photons that have been injected into the collimated outflow in order to produce synthetic light curves and spectra. These light curves and spectra allow us to compare our results to LGRB observational data. We find excellent agreement between our fitted time-resolved β parameters and those that are observed. Additionally, our simulations show that photospheric emission, under certain conditions, is able to create the observationally expected Band α parameter. Finally, we show that the simulations are consistent with the Golenetskii correlation but exhibit some strain with the Amati and Yonetoku correlations.
A SOFIA Survey of [C ii] in the Galaxy M51. I. [C ii] as a Tracer of Star Formation
Authors: Pineda Jorge L. , Fischer Christian , Kapala Maria , Stutzki Jürgen , Buchbender Christof , Goldsmith Paul F. , Ziebart Monika , Glover Simon C. O. , Klessen Ralf S. , Koda Jin , Kramer Carsten , Mookerjea Bhaswati , Sandstrom Karin , Scoville Nick , Smith Rowan
Published: December 2018

We present a [C ii] 158 μm map of the entire M51 (including M51b) grand design spiral galaxy observed with the Far Infrared Field-Imaging Line Spectrometer (FIFI-LS) instrument on board the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). We compare the [C ii] emission with the total far-infrared (TIR) intensity and star formation rate (SFR) surface density maps (derived using Hα and 24 μm emission) to study the relationship between [C ii] and the star formation activity in a variety of environments within M51 on scales of 16″ corresponding to ∼660 pc. We find that [C ii] and the SFR surface density are well correlated in the central, spiral arm, and inter-arm regions. The correlation is in good agreement with that found for a larger sample of nearby galaxies at kpc scales. We find that the SFR, and [C ii] and TIR luminosities in M51, are dominated by the extended emission in M51's disk. The companion galaxy M51b, however, shows a deficit of [C ii] emission compared with the TIR emission and SFR surface density, with [C ii] emission detected only in the SW part of this galaxy. The [C ii] deficit is associated with an enhanced dust temperature in this galaxy. We interpret the faint [C ii] emission in M51b to be a result of suppressed star formation in this galaxy, while the bright mid- and far-infrared emission, which drive the TIR and SFR values, are powered by other mechanisms. A similar but less-pronounced effect is seen at the location of the black hole in M51's center. The observed [C ii] deficit in M51b suggests that this galaxy is a valuable laboratory to study the origin of the apparent [C ii] deficit observed in ultra-luminous galaxies.
Observations of Spin-down in Post-mass-transfer Stars and the Possibility for Blue Straggler Gyrochronology
Authors: Leiner Emily , Mathieu Robert D. , Gosnell Natalie M. , Sills Alison
Published: December 2018

Blue stragglers and other mass transfer/collision products are likely born with rapid rotation rates due to angular momentum transfer during mass-transfer, merger, or collisional formation. However, less is known about the angular momentum evolution of these stars as they age. Here we compare rotation rates and post-formation ages of mass-transfer products to models of angular momentum evolution for normal main-sequence (MS) stars and collisionally formed blue stragglers. In our sample, we include both F- and G-type blue stragglers in the cluster NGC 188 and post-mass-transfer GK MS stars in the field, all binaries with white dwarf (WD) companions. We compare ages derived from WD cooling models to photometric rotation periods and/or spectral v sin i measurements. We demonstrate that these systems have rapid rotation rates soon after formation. They then spin down as they age, much like standard solar-type MS stars do. We discuss the physical implications of this result, which suggests that the spin-down of post-mass transfer stars can be described by standard magnetic-braking prescriptions. This opens up the possibility of using gyrochronology as a method to determine the time since formation of blue straggler stars and other post-mass-transfer binaries.
Heart Failure
Authors: Foy Denise
Published: December 2018

Heart failure is the most common reason for hospital admission in the United States. All nurses, regardless of their specialty, should be familiar with this clinical syndrome. This column describes the pathophysiology and treatment of heart failure.
Stop to Smell the Roses
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D. , Dickerson Pamela S.
Published: December 2018

Too often in our busy lives, we forget to take time to refresh and reenergize. Two recent personal experiences brought a renewed awareness of the need each of us has to periodically step back from our “busyness” and recharge our own batteries.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(8):339–340.
Keeping Current: Adapting to the 2009 Accreditation Criteria
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D. , Dickerson Pamela S.
Published: December 2018

The accreditation manual for continuing nursing education has been revised and updated, with changes to be implemented by accredited organizations no later than August 1, 2009. This column highlights key changes in the new criteria and key elements.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(6):246–247.
Implementation and Effects of a Medication Pass Nutritional Supplement Program in a Long-Term Care Facility: A Pilot Study
Authors: Doll-Shankaruk Michelle , Yau Walter N.C. , Oelke Carol
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this 6-month study was to determine the most effective method for implementing an interdisciplinary medication pass nutritional supplement program in Extendicare’s long-term care facilities in western Canada by piloting the program in one facility. The program’s effects on residents’ body weight, skin integrity, and laboratory values related to nutritional status were evaluated. Resident adherence and staff perception were also assessed. Findings indicated that most residents experienced weight gain and improved visceral protein status. Resident adherence to the program was 96%, and staff feedback was positive. The promising results of this pilot study suggest that a medication pass nutritional supplement program could help improve the nutritional status of long-term care residents, thereby resulting in improved quality of life.
Charcot–Leyden Crystals Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Cause IL-1β Inflammation in Human Macrophages
Authors: Rodríguez-Alcázar Juan Francisco , Ataide Marco Antonio , Engels Gudrun , Schmitt-Mabmunyo Christine , Garbi Natalio , Kastenmüller Wolfgang , Latz Eicke , Franklin Bernardo S.
Published: December 2018

Charcot–Leyden crystals (CLCs) are Galectin-10 protein crystals that can form after eosinophils degranulate. CLCs can appear and persist in tissues from patients with eosinophilic disorders, such as asthma, allergic reactions, and fungal and helminthic infections. Despite abundant reports of their occurrence in human disease, the inflammatory potential of CLCs has remained unknown. In this article, we show that CLCs induce the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β upon their phagocytosis by primary human macrophages in vitro. Chemical inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown of NLRP3 in primary human macrophages abrogated their IL-1β response to CLCs. Using C57BL/6 ASC-mCitrine transgenic inflammasome reporter mice, we showed that the instillation of CLCs into the lungs promoted the assembly of ASC complexes in infiltrating immune cells (neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes) and resulted in IL-1β accumulation into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our findings reveal that CLCs are recognized by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may sustain inflammation that follows eosinophilic inflammatory processes.
The Vacuolar Pathway of Long Peptide Cross-Presentation Can Be TAP Dependent
Authors: Ma Wenbin , Stroobant Vincent , Heirman Carlo , Sun Zhaojun , Thielemans Kris , Mulder Arend , van der Bruggen Pierre , Van den Eynde Benoît J.
Published: December 2018

The intracellular pathway of cross-presentation, which allows MHC class I–restricted presentation of peptides derived from exogenous Ags, remains poorly defined and may vary with the nature of the exogenous Ag and the type of APC. It can be cytosolic, characterized by proteasome and TAP dependency, or vacuolar, usually believed to be proteasome and TAP independent. Cross-presentation is particularly effective with long synthetic peptides, and we previously reported that the HLA-A2–restricted cross-presentation of a long peptide derived from melanoma Ag gp100 by human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells occurred in a vacuolar pathway, making use of newly synthesized HLA-A2 molecules that follow a nonclassical secretion route. In this article, we show that the HLA-A1–restricted cross-presentation of a long peptide derived from tumor Ag MAGE-A3 by human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells also follows a vacuolar pathway. However, as opposed to the HLA-A2–restricted peptide, cross-presentation of the HLA-A1–restricted peptide is TAP dependent. We show that this paradoxical TAP-dependency is indirect and reflects the need for TAP to load HLA-A1 molecules with peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum, to allow them to escape the endoplasmic reticulum and reach the vacuole, where peptide exchange with the cross-presented peptide likely occurs. Our results confirm and extend the involvement of the vacuolar pathway in the cross-presentation of long peptides, and indicate that TAP-dependency can no longer be used as a key criterion to distinguish the cytosolic from the vacuolar pathway of cross-presentation. They also stress the existence of an alternative secretory route for MHC class I, which will be worthy of further studies.
Approximating the Riemann Zeta-function by Polynomials with Restricted Zeros
Authors: Gauthier P. M.
Published: December 2018

We approximate the Riemann Zeta-Function by polynomials and Dirichlet polynomials with restricted zeros.
Noncommutative geometry and diffeology: The case of orbifolds
Authors: Iglesias-Zemmour Patrick , Laffineur Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2018

We establish a first structural link between noncommutative geometry and diffeology, in the particular case of orbifolds. Precisely, we associate a
structure groupoid
with every atlas of a diffeological orbifold. We show that different atlases give equivalent groupoids, that generates strongly Morita equivalent

\mathbf C^*

-algebras, according to standards. Thus, diffeomorphisms translate naturally into Morita equivalences.
Isolated singularities for a semilinear equation for the fractional Laplacian arising in conformal geometry
Authors: DelaTorre Azahara , González María del Mar
Published: December 2018

We consider radial solutions with an isolated singularity for a semilinear equation involving the fractional Laplacian. In conformal geometry, this is equivalent to the study of singular metrics with constant fractional curvature (singular fractional Yamabe problem). Our main ideas are: first, to set up the problem into a natural geometric framework; and second, to reduce the problem to a non-local ODE for which we are able to perform some kind of phase portrait study.
Neverbalna komunikacija v izobraževanju odraslih: pomemben element za predavatelje in slušatelje
Authors: Paladin Marija
Published: December 2018

Ker je pomen neverbalne komunikacije v izobraževalnem kontekstu pomemben, hkrati pa je na primeru Slovenije in v povezavi z izobraževanjem odraslih raziskan še manj kot v povezavi z izobraževanjem otrok in mladostnikov, je osnovni cilj raziskave, katere rezultati so predstavljeni v članku je bil ugotoviti, kakšen pomen neverbalni/nebesedni komunikaciji pripisujejo odrasli v izobraževalnem kontekstu, s poudarkom na tistih, ki tudi sami izobražujejo. Zbiranje podatkov o pomenu neverbalne komunikacije v izobraževalnem kontekstu je potekalo s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Validacija rezultatov prve faze raziskave je potekala skozi razpravo s strokovnimi delavci na področju izobraževanja odraslih. Raziskava je pokazala, da pomen neverbalne komunikacije v izobraževalnem kontekstu ni le občutek slušateljev ali mnenje predavateljev/učiteljev temveč, na izkušnjah obeh vlog utemeljeno, razumevanje pomena bistvenega dela medosebne komunikacije, ki lahko pomembno vpliva tako na izid komunikacije kot na izid izobraževalnega procesa.
Ob jubileju dr. Ane Krajnc
Authors: Mezgec Maja
Published: December 2018

V letošnjem letu je ustanoviteljica in dolgoletna glavna urednica revije Andragoška spoznanja prof. dr. Ana Krajnc praznovala. Ker sama želi, da so praznovanja delovno obarvana, je bila to priložnost, da kolegi in kolegice pripravimo razmislek o raziskovanju na področju izobraževanja in učenja odraslih. Nastali sta dve publikaciji: znanstvena monografija Sodobne paradigme raziskovanja izobraževanja in učenja odraslih (ur. Ličen in Mezgec) in Človek mora biti dovolj drzen, da zagovarja svoje vrednote – Liber amicorum (ur. Ličen, Findeisen in Šantej).
Adult education in Croatia after 1990
Authors: Žiljak Tihomir
Published: December 2018

The main goal of the paper is to explain key elements of three cycles of adult education policy in Croatia from 1990 to 2018. The first cycles encompasses changes in the 1990s. The second begins in 2000 and is marked by the process of Europeanization within the process of Croatia’s accession to the European Union. The third begins with the accession of Croatia into the EU (2013) and with the passing of the Strategy of Education, Science and Technology (2014). In each cycle adult education policy instruments, actors, goals are analysed. In the last two cycles similar policy goals, instruments, actors as part of Europeanisation adult education policy are maintained, while first cycle is marked by political, ideological and institutional severing ties from the socialist education system. Final results of those processes are not satisfactory, and adult education is still marginalized with small participation in adult education.
The Impact of a Short-Term International Experience on Undergraduate Students’ Cultural Competency
Authors: Bunch J.C. , Rampold Shelli D. , Cater Melissa , Blackburn J. Joey
Published: December 2018

Historically, education abroad has been designed to provide students a full immersion experience by way of semester or year-long study at a foreign university. However, this traditional format has been redefined to include a variety of non-traditional international experiences, such as international service learning projects, internships, and short-term international experiences. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to develop a deep understanding of the lived experiences of agricultural education undergraduate students participating in a short-term international experience. The overarching question that guided the study was: What were the lived experiences of agricultural education undergraduate students during a short-term international experience? As a result of the short-term international experience, students did not progress fully through all levels of development needed to be considered proficient in cultural competence. However, students demonstrated significant gains in cultural awareness and some gains in cultural understanding and cultural sensitivity. Finally, participating students verified some progress toward building cultural communication competencies as a result of their experience.
Identifying the First Generation Leaders in Agricultural Education: The Lost Stimson Manuscript
Authors: Moore Gary
Published: December 2018

Agricultural Educators are typically pragmatic and have generally neglected to document the history of the profession. This is unfortunate because educated, well-rounded professionals should have an understanding and appreciation for the history of their profession. Other than two journal articles in which the authors (Camp and Crunkilton, 1985; Foor and Connors, 2010) attempted to identify the early leaders of the profession and a random assortment of biographical sketches in The Agricultural Education Magazine, there has been little effort to systematically identify the historically significant leaders in agricultural education. However, there was one systematic effort to identify the early leaders of the profession. In the mid-1940s Rufus Stimson worked at compiling a book on the early leaders in agricultural education. The agricultural education leadership in each state was asked to identify five historically important leaders in their state. Photographs and biographical sketches were then collected from these early leaders. Unfortunately, before the book could be published Stimson died. He had collected the information but the book was never published. This historically important work was lost to the profession. This article describes the effort to find the lost Stimson manuscript and thus identify the early leaders in agricultural education.
Using Cognitive Dissonance to Theoretically Explain Water Conservation Intentions
Authors: Chaudhary Anil Kumar , Lamm Alexa J. , Warner Laura A.
Published: December 2018

Water is a scarce resource in Florida. There is an immediate need to reduce the stress on water resources and make the availability of water more sustainable by encouraging engagement in water conservation among the residents of Florida. This study examined how the future intentions of high water users in Florida] to conserve water outdoors were influenced by cognitively dissonant attitudes and behaviors. The independent variables used in the study were: government trust, current water conservation practices, political beliefs, and homeowners’ associations (HOA) membership. The results to study indicated that higher trust in government and current engagement in water conservation behaviors promotes water conservation, while conservative political belief and HOA membership restrict water conservation. The independent variables (government trust, current water conservation practices, political beliefs, and HOA membership) also significantly predicted 30% of the variation in water conservation behavioral intentions. Level of engagement in current water conservation behaviors had the highest effect on future intent to conserve water. Extension educators, managers at water utility companies, and other agricultural educators are encouraged to consider cognitive dissonance among their target audiences as it can be used to promote water conservation.
Effects of Question Difficulty and Post-Question Wait-Time on Cognitive Engagement: A Psychophysiological Analysis
Authors: Gilliam Kyle C. , Baker Matt , Rayfield John , Ritz Rudy , Cummins R. Glenn
Published: December 2018

Educational research surrounding teaching methods and accepted practices is continually needed to improve teaching and teacher preparation programs. The revised Bloom’s Taxonomy is often used by teachers in question development. The effectiveness of these questions are often dependent, not on the question alone, but also in how the question is presented. One component of implementing effective questioning is the use of wait-time. Wait-time is the amount of time a teacher waits for a student response after having posed a question. Experts have recommended wait times ranging from three and five seconds in length. The purpose of this study was to utilize a psychophysiological measure of cognitive resource allocation (heart rate) to provide evidence of the magnitude and duration of cognitive engagement elicited after posing questions and to determine an appropriate amount of post-question wait-time needed by undergraduate agricultural education students. Study results suggest that students were cognitively engaged for two to three seconds during the wait-time that followed a question. Additionally, students re-engaged cognitively after eight seconds of wait-time. The results of this study provide unique evidence in assisting teachers with effectively employing wait-time strategies.
Impact of Agricultural Mechanics Camp on Intentions To Teach
Authors: Gorter Erin K. , Swan Benjamin G.
Published: December 2018

Targeted teacher recruitment is suggested as a way to alleviate the teacher shortage in specific content areas such as agricultural mechanics. Learning experiences are linked to increased self-efficacy and increased interest in specific career pursuits. The Agricultural Mechanics Power & Design (AMP’D) Experience was developed as a learning experience to enhance high school student skills in agricultural mechanics and expose them to the career of teaching agricultural mechanics at the high school level. This study sought to describe participants in the first three years of the AMP’D Experience, explore their skills level, learn about their likelihood of considering a career teaching agricultural mechanics before and after participating in the event. We used correlational analysis and simple linear regression to scrutinize pre and post survey data collected from participants (N = 37) at the 2016, 2017, and 2018 AMP’D Experiences. Results indicated significant increases in perceived self-efficacy across agricultural mechanics skills areas, and in likelihood to consider teaching agricultural mechanics. Additionally, perceived summated skills self-efficacy predicted 15% of the variance in the likelihood of a participant considering to teach agricultural mechanics. Recommendations involve looking at other experiences acquired through the AMP’D Experience as additional indicators of enhanced career interest as well as following up with participants to examine what career they eventually pursued.
High prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies among patients with immunosuppression and hepatic disorders in eastern Poland
Authors: Parfieniuk-Kowerda Anna , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Łapiński Tadeusz W. , Łucejko Mariusz , Maciaszek Magdalena , Świderska Magdalena , Grzeszczuk Anna , Naumnik Beata , Rowiński Mirosław , Flisiak Robert
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The incidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in Poland is largely unknown. This study aimed to describe seroprevalence of markers of HEV infection among patients with immunodeficiency of diverse etiology and patients with advanced chronic liver diseases.

Material and methods

Four hundred fifty patients were enrolled; among them, 180 persons were solid organ transplant recipients, 90 patients were HIV-infected and 180 persons had confirmed liver cirrhosis of different etiology. Serum anti-HEV-IgG, IgM antibodies and HEV-antigen were detected by ELISA (Wantai, China).

Results

In the group of transplant recipients, serum anti-HEV-IgG antibodies were detected in 40.6%, IgM in 1.1% and HEV-Ag in 2.8% of subjects. In the HIV-infected population 37.7% had anti-HEV-IgG, 1.1% had anti-HEV-IgM and none had HEV-Ag. Among patients with advanced chronic liver diseases the highest prevalence of anti-HEV-IgG was recorded in alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (52.1%) (p = 0.049). In the population of all liver cirrhotics anti-HEV-IgG seroprevalence was 48.3%, anti-HEV-IgM seroprevalence was 5.0% and HEV-Ag seroprevalence was 1.7%. Older age and male gender were significant risk factors associated with increased anti-HEV-IgG prevalence, p = 0.0004 and p = 0.02, respectively.

Conclusions

In this large cohort a high seroprevalence of anti-HEV-IgG was detected in comparison to other European countries, with the highest rates in patients with alcoholic liver disease and in transplant recipients.
Refined classification and characterization of atmospheric new-particle formation events using air ions
Authors: Dada Lubna , Chellapermal Robert , Buenrostro Mazon Stephany , Paasonen Pauli , Lampilahti Janne , Manninen Hanna E. , Junninen Heikki , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) is a worldwide-observed phenomenon that affects the human health and the global climate.
With a growing network of global atmospheric measurement stations, efforts
towards investigating NPF have increased. In this study, we present an
automated method to classify days into four categories including NPF events,
non-events and two classes in between, which then ensures reproducibility
and minimizes the hours spent on manual classification. We applied our
automated method to 10 years of data collected at the SMEAR II measurement
station in Hyytiälä, southern Finland using a Neutral cluster and Air Ion
Spectrometer (NAIS). In contrast to the traditionally applied classification
methods, which categorize days into events and non-events and ambiguous days as
undefined days, our method is able to classify the undefined days as it
accesses the initial steps of NPF at sub-3 nm sizes. Our results show that, on
∼24 % of the days in Hyytiälä, a regional NPF event
occurred and was characterized by nice weather and favourable conditions
such as a clear sky and low condensation sink. Another class found in
Hyytiälä is the transported event class, which seems to be NPF
carried horizontally or vertically to our measurement location and it
occurred on 17 % of the total studied days. Additionally, we found that an
ion burst, wherein the ions apparently fail to grow to larger sizes, occurred
on 18 % of the days in Hyytiälä. The transported events and ion
bursts were characterized by less favourable ambient conditions than regional
NPF events and thus experienced interrupted particle formation or growth.
Non-events occurred on 41 % of the days and were characterized by
complete cloud cover and high relative humidity. Moreover, for regional
NPF events occurring at the measurement site, the method identifies the start
time, peak time and end time, which helps us focus on variables within an
exact time window to better understand NPF at a process level. Our automated
method can be modified to work in other measurement locations where NPF is
observed.