bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Natural Reinforcements and their Composites
Authors: Karahan Mehmet , Karahan Nevin , Ozkan Fatma , Yildirim Kenan
Published: October 2021

In this study, the mechanical properties of flax, jute and jute/carbon woven fabrics, and their composites were investigated and compared with 3K carbon fabric composites. Mechanical properties of yarn, fabric and composites were separately investigated and compared for each scales. In addition, yarn and fabric structures were characterized. It was found that, fabric structure, yarn physical properties and fiber cross-section and fiber molecular structure parameters of reinforcement have seriously effect on the composite mechanical properties. It can be concluded that fabric tensile strength attribute to composite tensile strength, but there was not a direct relation between fabric tensile strength and composite tensile strength. The tensile strength of natural fiber fabrics were determined to be significantly reduced depending on the temperature increasing. This condition should be considered as a important limitation for composite applications of natural fibers. Mechanical test results are proved that natural fiber composites not to be an important alternative to conventional composites.
A Review of Efficient Dynamic Key Management Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Mir Itfaq Ahmad , Mir G. M. , Makhdoomi Mudasir Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Security has been one of the most critical concerns for wireless sensor network (WSN) systems in recent years. Application of WSN has faced criticism in several fields due to limited flexibility and security in the long term. This study aimed at reviewing the dynamic key management schemes for Heterogenous WSN systems to determine efficient management schemes. Applicability of notable schemes such as Basic scheme, and hybrid schemes under dynamic key management depends majorly on the central key controller presence
An Insight into Fuzzy Logic Computation Technology and Its Applications in Agriculture and Meteorology
Authors: s Sowmiyaa S , Lavanya S, Moghana , K Mahendran , V Geethalakshmi V
Published: October 2021

Speaking of recent advances, many computing technologies have been applied to several domains and have proved to provide more approximate and acceptable results. Fuzzy logic being one of them has been very useful in solving many real-world problems that are inherent for their uncertainty, complexity, impreciseness and a high degree of randomness. Soft computing aims to mimic human thinking and thus solve problems as a human does. The systems embedded with one or more soft computing technologies tend to make decisions quicker (reducing the processing timeframe) and more accurate in the light of uncertain and indefinite data. This paper aims at an extensive review of fuzzy logic also unraveling some of the applications of the same in the field of agricultural science and meteorology.
Pilot study of micromotion nailing for mechanical stimulation of tibial fracture healing
Authors: Dailey Hannah L. , Schwarzenberg Peter , Webb, III Edmund B. , Boran Sinead A. M. , Guerin Shane , Harty James A.
Published: October 2021

Aims

The study objective was to prospectively assess clinical outcomes for a pilot cohort of tibial shaft fractures treated with a new tibial nailing system that produces controlled axial interfragmentary micromotion. The hypothesis was that axial micromotion enhances fracture healing compared to static interlocking.

Methods

Patients were treated in a single level I trauma centre over a 2.5-year period. Group allocation was not randomized; both the micromotion nail and standard-of-care static locking nails (control group) were commercially available and selected at the discretion of the treating surgeons. Injury risk levels were quantified using the Nonunion Risk Determination (NURD) score. Radiological healing was assessed until 24 weeks or clinical union. Low-dose CT scans were acquired at 12 weeks and virtual mechanical testing was performed to objectively assess structural bone healing.

Results

A total of 37 micromotion patients and 46 control patients were evaluated. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of age, sex, the proportion of open fractures, or NURD score. There were no nonunions (0%) in the micromotion group versus five (11%) in the control group. The proportion of fractures united was significantly higher in the micromotion group compared to control at 12 weeks (54% vs 30% united; p = 0.043), 18 weeks (81% vs 59%; p = 0.034), and 24 weeks (97% vs 74%; p = 0.005). Structural bone healing scores as assessed by CT scans tended to be higher with micromotion compared to control and this difference reached significance in patients who had biological comorbidities such as smoking.

Conclusion

In this pilot study, micromotion fixation was associated with improved healing compared to standard tibial nailing. Further prospective clinical studies will be needed to assess the strength and generalizability of any potential benefits of micromotion fixation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(10):825–833.
Experimental investigation on permeability in fractured rock under different pressure conditions
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: October 2021

Oil and gas are the main reserves in the fractures of rocks. Under different pressure conditions, fracture permeability of reservoir rock directly affects the flow of oil and gas, which is an important object of oil and gas exploration and development. The permeability of single fractured rock and double fractured rock under different pressure conditions was studied by using high-precision hydro-mechanics coupled triaxial experimental equipment. The experimental scheme is as follows: (i) permeability test under increasing confining pressure, (ii) permeability test under increasing liquid pressure, (iii) permeability test under cyclic loading and unloading deviatoric stress and (iv) permeability test under synchronously increasing confining pressure and deviatoric stress. Results show that the entire change of permeability is irreversibly reduced. This is due to the presence of residual factors in permeability after the dilation cycle and the recompaction cycle ends. On the basis of the dual medium model of fracture, the permeability model of fractured rock is proposed considering the interaction among fracture system, matrix system and expansion deformation of fracture under external stress. The simulation results of the model are in good agreement with the experimental results. These results can provide an important basis for the prediction of permeability of fractured rock and efficient oil and gas exploitation.
Reliability-aware subcarrier mapping strategy of QC-LDPC encoded symbols in bandwidth-limited IM/DD OFDM systems
Authors: Zhang Wei , Fan Zhaoquan , Zhao Jian
Published: October 2021

We propose a simple yet effective strategy to map forward error correction (FEC) encoded symbols to subcarriers in bandwidth-limited intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The design exploits the reliability diversity of OFDM subcarriers in bandwidth-limited systems and allocates FEC encoded systematic symbols and parity-check symbols to high-reliability and low-reliability subcarriers, respectively. In contrast to adaptively-loaded OFDM or systems using multiple sets of FECs with different code rates for different subcarriers, the proposed design does not induce additional complexity and avoids the round-trip delay between transceivers. We investigate the performance of the proposed design in quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) coded OFDM system under different decoding iterations. Experimental results of 120-Gb/s signals over 2 km and 100-Gb/s signals over 5 km show that the OFDM system using the proposed mapping strategy is superior to both OFDM and discrete-Fourier-transform spread (DFT-S) OFDM using conventional mappings without considering the subcarrier diversity or using pre-equalization, regardless of the received optical power, the FEC code rate, the length of the cyclic prefix, the transmission distance, the number of decoding iterations, and the degree distribution of the QC-LDPC optimized under either an infinite or a limited number of iterations. The proposed mapping is optimal when the systematic symbols and parity-check symbols are exactly loaded to high-reliability and low-reliability subcarriers respectively. The studies enable the proposed strategy promising for bandwidth-limited IM/DD OFDM systems such as low-latency data center interconnects.
Cosine similarity for quantitatively evaluating the degree of change in an optical frequency comb spectra
Authors: Irimatsugawa Tomoya , Shimizu Yukiko , Okubo Sho , Inaba Hajime
Published: October 2021

We introduce and experimentally apply “cosine similarity” as an index for quantitatively evaluating the degree of change in the spectra of optical frequency combs. The cosine similarity with the original spectrum increased or decreased as the amount of control applied to the combs increased or decreased; this is considered to be an appropriate indication of spectral similarity. Therefore, we apply this approach to an evaluation of the temporal spectral changes in polarization-maintaining (PM) and non-PM combs. The results suggest that there is no significant difference between the spectral stabilities of PM and non-PM combs, and reveal that the spectral sensitivity to the amount of control is a more effective factor.
High-sensitivity optical fiber hydrogen sensor based on the metal organic frameworks of UiO-66-NH2
Authors: Chen Hongchen , Shen Changyu , Chen Xiaoman , Huang Zhenlin , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Yueming
Published: October 2021

A hydrogen sensor with high sensitivity was demonstrated by coating the metal organic frameworks of on an optical fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The MZI was made of a fiber mismatch structure by using a core-offset fusion splicing method. The effective refractive index of the film varied with the absorption and release of hydrogen, and the interference resonant dip wavelength and the intensity of the MZI changed with the variations of the concentration of hydrogen. The experimental results showed that the proposed sensor had a high hydrogen sensitivity of 8.78 dB/% in the range from 0% to 0.8%, which is almost seven times higher than the existing similar hydrogen sensor.
Narrative event segmentation in the cortical reservoir
Authors: Dominey Peter Ford
Published: October 2021

Recent research has revealed that during continuous perception of movies or stories, humans display cortical activity patterns that reveal hierarchical segmentation of event structure. Thus, sensory areas like auditory cortex display high frequency segmentation related to the stimulus, while semantic areas like posterior middle cortex display a lower frequency segmentation related to transitions between events. These hierarchical levels of segmentation are associated with different time constants for processing. Likewise, when two groups of participants heard the same sentence in a narrative, preceded by different contexts, neural responses for the groups were initially different and then gradually aligned. The time constant for alignment followed the segmentation hierarchy: sensory cortices aligned most quickly, followed by mid-level regions, while some higher-order cortical regions took more than 10 seconds to align. These hierarchical segmentation phenomena can be considered in the context of processing related to comprehension. In a recently described model of discourse comprehension word meanings are modeled by a language model pre-trained on a billion word corpus. During discourse comprehension, word meanings are continuously integrated in a recurrent cortical network. The model demonstrates novel discourse and inference processing, in part because of two fundamental characteristics: real-world event semantics are represented in the word embeddings, and these are integrated in a reservoir network which has an inherent gradient of functional time constants due to the recurrent connections. Here we demonstrate how this model displays hierarchical narrative event segmentation properties beyond the embeddings alone, or their linear integration. The reservoir produces activation patterns that are segmented by a hidden Markov model (HMM) in a manner that is comparable to that of humans. Context construction displays a continuum of time constants across reservoir neuron subsets, while context forgetting has a fixed time constant across these subsets. Importantly, virtual areas formed by subgroups of reservoir neurons with faster time constants segmented with shorter events, while those with longer time constants preferred longer events. This neurocomputational recurrent neural network simulates narrative event processing as revealed by the fMRI event segmentation algorithm provides a novel explanation of the asymmetry in narrative forgetting and construction. The model extends the characterization of online integration processes in discourse to more extended narrative, and demonstrates how reservoir computing provides a useful model of cortical processing of narrative structure.
Differential expression profile of gluten-specific T cells identified by single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Yao Ying , Wyrozżemski Łukasz , Lundin Knut E. A. , Sandve Geir Kjetil , Qiao Shuo-Wang
Published: October 2021

Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells drive the pathogenesis of celiac disease and circulating gluten-specific T cells can be identified by staining with HLA-DQ:gluten tetramers. In this first single-cell RNA-seq study of tetramer-sorted T cells from untreated celiac disease patients blood, we found that gluten-specific T cells showed distinct transcriptomic profiles consistent with activated effector memory T cells that shared features with Th1 and follicular helper T cells. Compared to non-specific cells, gluten-specific T cells showed differential expression of several genes involved in T-cell receptor signaling, translational processes, apoptosis, fatty acid transport, and redox potentials. Many of the gluten-specific T cells studied shared T-cell receptor with each other, indicating that circulating gluten-specific T cells belong to a limited number of clones. Moreover, the transcriptional profiles of cells that shared the same clonal origin were transcriptionally more similar compared with between clonally unrelated gluten-specific cells.
Antimicrobial activity of hemodialysis catheter lock solutions in relation to other compounds with antiseptic properties
Authors: Piątkowska Elżbieta , Paleczny Justyna , Dydak Karolina , Letachowicz Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

Proper protection of vascular access after haemodialysis is one of the key measures for the prevention of catheter-related infections. Various substances with bactericidal and anticoagulant properties are used to fill catheters, but due to the unsatisfactory clinical effects and occurrence of adverse reactions, the search for new substances is still ongoing. In the present paper, we compared thein vitroantimicrobial activity of solutions used for tunnelled catheter locking (taurolidine, trisodium citrate) and solutions of substances that could potentially be used for this purpose (sodium bicarbonate, polyhexanide-betaine). The studies have been conducted on bacteria that most commonly cause catheter-related infections. The values of both minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration of the substances were determined. The ability of the tested substances to eradicate biofilm from the dialysis catheter surface was also evaluated. The results showed that polyhexanide-betaine inhibited the growth of all microbes comparably to taurolidine, even after ≥ 32-fold dilution. The activity of trisodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate was significantly lower. Polyhexanide exhibited the highest activity in the eradication of bacterial biofilm on polystyrene plates. The biofilm formed on a polyurethane dialysis catheter was resistant to complete eradication by the test substances. Polyhexanide-betaine and taurolidine showed the highest activity. Inhibition of bacterial growth regardless of species was observed not only at the highest concentration of these compounds but also after dilution 32–128x (taurolidine) and 32–1024x (polyhexanide-betaine). Therefore, it can be assumed that taurolidine application as a locking solution prevents catheter colonization and systemic infection development. Taurolidine displays high antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive cocci as well as Gram-negative bacilli. On the contrary, the lowest antibacterial effect displayed product contained sodium bicarbonate. The inhibitions of bacterial growth were not satisfactory to consider it as a substance for colonization prevention. Polyhexanidine-betaine possessed potent inhibitory and biofilm eradication properties comparing to all tested products. PHMB is applied as a wound irrigation solution worldwide. However, based on our results, we assume that the PHMB is a promising substance for catheter locking solutions thanks to its safety and high antimicrobial properties.
Why the Stall? Using metabolomics to define the lack of upstream movement of invasive bigheaded carp in the Illinois River
Authors: Curtis-Quick Jocelyn A. , Ulanov Alexander V. , Li Zhong , Bieber John F. , Tucker-Retter Emily K. , Suski Cory D.
Published: October 2021

Bigheaded Carp have spread throughout the Mississippi River basin since the 1970s. Little has stopped the spread as carp have the ability to pass through locks and dams, and they are currently approaching the Great Lakes. However, the location of the leading edge in the Illinois River has stalled for over a decade, even though there is no barrier preventing further advancement towards the Great Lakes. Defining why carp are not moving towards the Great Lakes is important for predicting why they might advance in the future. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that anthropogenic contaminants in the Illinois River may be playing a role in preventing further upstream movement of Bigheaded Carp. Ninety three livers were collected from carp at several locations between May and October of 2018. Liver samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a targeted metabolite profiling approach. Livers from carp at the leading edge had differences in energy use and metabolism, and suppression of protective mechanisms relative to downstream fish; differences were consistent across time. This body of work provides evidence that water quality is linked to carp movement in the Illinois River. As water quality in this region continues to improve, consideration of this impact on carp spread is essential to protect the Great Lakes.
Association of EDARV370A with breast density and metabolic syndrome in Latinos
Authors: Coletta Dawn K. , Hlusko Leslea J. , Scott G. Richard , Garcia Luis A. , Vachon Celine M. , Norman Aaron D. , Funk Janet L. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. , Hernandez Valentina , De Filippis Eleanna , Mandarino Lawrence J.
Published: October 2021

The ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF) superfamily member. A substitution in an exon of EDAR at position 370 (EDARV370A) creates a gain of function mutant present at high frequencies in Asian and Indigenous American populations but absent in others. Its frequency is intermediate in populations of Mexican ancestry. EDAR regulates the development of ectodermal tissues, including mammary ducts. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are prevalent in people with Indigenous and Latino ancestry. Latino patients also have altered prevalence and presentation of breast cancer. It is unknown whether EDARV370A might connect these phenomena. The goals of this study were to determine 1) whether EDARV370A is associated with metabolic phenotypes and 2) if there is altered breast anatomy in women carrying EDARV370A. Participants were from two Latino cohorts, the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry and Sangre por Salud (SPS) biobank. The frequency of EDARV370A was 47% in the Latino cohorts. In the AIR registry, carriers of EDARV370A (GG homozygous) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher plasma triglycerides, VLDL, ALT, 2-hour post-challenge glucose, and a higher prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes. In a subset of the AIR registry, serum levels of ectodysplasin A2 (EDA-A2) also were associated with HbA1c and prediabetes (p < 0.05). For the SPS biobank, participants that were carriers of EDARV370A had lower breast density and higher HbA1c (both p < 0.05). The significant associations with measures of glycemia remained when the cohorts were combined. We conclude that EDARV370A is associated with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and breast density in Latinos.
Barriers and facilitators to patient-centred care in pharmacy consultations: A qualitative study with Malaysian hospital pharmacists and patients
Authors: Ng Yew Keong , Mohamed Shah Noraida , Loong Ly Sia , Pee Lay Ting , Chong Wei Wen
Published: October 2021

Background

Patient-centred care (PCC) has been suggested to provide benefits such as improved patient-healthcare provider communication and better disease self-management to patients. The practice of PCC should involve all healthcare professionals, including pharmacists who are well-positioned in providing pharmaceutical care to patients. However, a better understanding of the factors that can affect the practice of PCC in pharmacists’ consultations is needed.

Objective

To explore the perceptions of Malaysian hospital pharmacists and patients on the barriers and facilitators of a PCC approach in pharmacist consultations.

Design

This study employed a qualitative, explorative semi-structured interview design.

Setting and participants

Interviews were conducted with 17 patients and 18 pharmacists from three tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Emerging themes were developed through a constant comparative approach and thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were identified in this study: (i) patient-related factors (knowledge, role expectations, and sociocultural characteristics), (ii) pharmacist-related factors (personalities and communication), and (iii) healthcare institutional and system-related factors (resources, continuity of care, and interprofessional collaboration). Pharmacists and patients mentioned that factors such as patients’ knowledge and attitudes and pharmacists’ personality traits and communication styles can affect patients’ engagement in the consultation. Long waiting time and insufficient manpower were perceived as barriers to the practice of PCC. Continuity of care and interprofessional collaboration were viewed as crucial in providing supportive and tailored care to patients.

Conclusion

The study findings outlined the potential factors of PCC that may influence its implementation in pharmacist consultations. Strategic approaches can be undertaken by policymakers, healthcare institutions, and pharmacists themselves to address the identified barriers to more fully support the implementation of PCC in the pharmacy setting.
Could the 2010 HIV outbreak in Athens, Greece have been prevented? A mathematical modeling study
Authors: Gountas Ilias , Nikolopoulos Georgios , Touloumi Giota , Fotiou Anastasios , Souliotis Kyriakos
Published: October 2021

Introduction

In 2009 and 2010, Athens, Greece experienced a hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) outbreak among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID), respectively. The HCV outbreak was not detected, while that of HIV was identified in 2011. The integrated HIV-interventions, launched in early 2012, managed to reduce directly the HIV incidence and indirectly the HCV incidence. This study aims to assess what would have been the course of the HIV outbreak and its associated economic consequences if the 2009 HCV outbreak had been detected and integrated interventions had been initiated 1- or 2-years earlier.

Methods

The model was calibrated to reproduce the observed HIV epidemiological and clinical parameters among PWID of Athens, Greece. We examined the effect of the 1- or 2-years earlier detection scenarios, the 1-year later detection, the non-detection scenario, and compared them to the status quo scenario.

Results

Cumulative HIV cases, under the status-quo scenario during 2009‐2019, were 1360 (90% Credible intervals: 290, 2470). If the HCV outbreak had been detected 1- or 2- years earlier, with immediate initiation of integrated interventions, 740 and 1110 HIV cases could be averted by 2019, respectively. Regarding the costs, if there was an efficient notification system to detect the HCV outbreak 1 or 2 years earlier, 35.2–53.2 million euros could be saved compared to the status quo by 2019.

Conclusions

If the HCV outbreak had been detected and promptly addressed, the HIV outbreak would have been prevented and 35.2–53.2 million euros could have been saved.
‘No, you should not beat our child because he will become aggressive:’ Applying a multi-method approach to explore intergenerational transmission of parenting practices
Authors: Chandra Sekaran Varalakshmi , Bailey Ajay , Kamath Veena Ganesh , Ashok Lena , Ravindran Syam K. , Kamath Asha , Hegde Asha
Published: October 2021

Background

Exploring the cultural context of intergenerational continuity of warm and harsh parenting informs parents motivations to adopt specific parenting behaviours.

Objective

Parents’ perceptions of being parented in the past and their current parenting as well as adolescents’ perceptions of current parenting were explored applying a multi-method approach.

Methods

Following written informed consent, a total of 24 interviews with 10 families (dyads of 14 parents and ten adolescents) from Udupi taluk in southern India was conducted. In the first stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with parent participants (Generation 1 (G1)) and in the second stage, adolescents (Generation 2 (G2)) participated in the photovoice component. Multiple forms of data including photographs, journals and interviews facilitated using the SHOWeD model were collected and were analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti(v.8).

Results

Subtle changes in reinforcing culture-specific gender norms between generations were elicited. Differences in communication, granting autonomy to female adolescents, and in disciplining methods between G1 and G2 were observed. Warm parenting was transmitted between generations while harsh parenting in G1 in the presence of external social support was discarded in favor of warm parenting in G2.

Conclusion

We provide evidence for perceptions of parenting and adolescent behaviors across two generations. Transmission of warm parenting and interruption in the cycle of harsh parenting in the presence of external social support were significant findings. Related theoretical and methodological applications are discussed.
Trajectories of body mass index and risk for coronary heart disease: A 38-year follow-up study
Authors: Calling Susanna , Johansson Sven-Erik , Nymberg Veronica Milos , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: October 2021

Objective

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but there is little evidence on the effect of long-term trajectories of body mass index (BMI) over the life course. By using repeated assessments, the aim was to study the risk of CHD in adults during 38 years in different trajectories of BMI.

Methods

A sample of 2129 men and women, aged 20–59 years at baseline, took part in four repeated interviews between 1980 and 2005. Data on BMI, medical history, lifestyle and socioeconomy were collected. Based on the World Health Organization categories of BMI, life course trajectories of stable normal weight, stable overweight, stable obesity, increasing BMI and fluctuating BMI were created. The individuals were followed through national registers for first hospitalization of CHD (389 events) until the end of 2017, and Hazard Ratios (HRs) were calculated, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors and metabolic comorbidities.

Results

Stable normal weight in all assessments was the reference group. Those who had an increase in BMI from normal weight in the first assessment to overweight or obesity in later assessments had no increased risk of CHD, HR 1.04 (95% CI: 0.70–1.53). The HR for individuals with fluctuating BMI was 1.25 (0.97–1.61), for stable overweight 1.43 (1.03–1.98), for stable obesity 1.50 (0.92–2.55), and for stable overweight or obesity 1.45 (1.07–1.97), after full adjustments.

Conclusion

Having a stable overweight or obesity throughout adult life was associated with increased CHD risk but changing from normal weight at baseline to overweight or obesity was not associated with increased CHD risk. Prevention of obesity early in life may be particularly important to reduce CHD risk.
Phylogenomic analysis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance prediction by whole-genome sequencing from clinical isolates of Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Corrales Lusayda , Tovar-Aguirre Olga Lucía , Galeano-Vanegas Narmer Fernando , Castaño Jiménez Paula Alejandra , Martínez-Vega Ruth Arali , Maldonado-Londoño Carlos Ernesto , Hernández-Botero Johan Sebastián , Siller-López Fernando
Published: October 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis)was the pathogen responsible for the highest number of deaths from infectious diseases in the world, before the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has contributed to the understanding of genetic diversity, the mechanisms involved in drug resistance and the transmission dynamics of this pathogen. The object of this study is to use WGS for the epidemiological and molecular characterization ofM.tuberculosisclinical strains from Chinchiná, Caldas, a small town in Colombia with a high incidence of TB. Sputum samples were obtained during the first semester of 2020 from six patients and cultured in solid Löwenstein-Jensen medium. DNA extraction was obtained from positive culture samples and WGS was performed with the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform for subsequent bioinformatic analysis.M.tuberculosisisolates were typified as Euro-American lineage 4 with a predominance of the Harlem and LAM sublineages. All samples were proven sensitive to antituberculosis drugs by genomic analysis, although no phenotype antimicrobial tests were performed on the samples, unreported mutations were identified that could require further analysis. The present study provides preliminary data for the construction of a genomic database line and the follow-up of lineages in this region.
Die Selbstständigkeit der Substantivvalenz
Authors: Sántáné Túri Ágnes
Published: October 2021

A főnévi valencia önállóságának létjogosultságát gyakran kérdőjelezi meg a vitás kérdésekben egyébként sem szegény valenciaelmélet. Ennek következtében a főnévi valencia a szakirodalom számos munkájában egy az igei (és melléknévi) valenciából levezethető másodlagos rendszerré minősítődik. Disszertációm ezzel szemben a főnévi valencia önálló rendszerként való leírásával foglalkozik. A dolgozat elméleti részében (vö. 2. és 3. fejezet) a főnévi valenciát az általános valenciaelmélet kontextusába ágyazva tárgyalom. Ennek során egyenként térek ki a főnévi valenciaelmélet központi kérdéseire a jelenség értelmezését, a valenciafüggő és valenciafüggetlen bővítmények (komplemensek vs. szupplemensek) elkülönítését és a kötelező főnévkomplemensek problematikáját illetően. Saját válaszaimat ezekre a kérdésekre integráltan, multidimenziós főnévi valenciakoncepcióm bemutatása által fogalmazom meg. Annak a kérdésnek a megválaszolását, hogy a valens főnevek argumentumrealizációja mutat-e attól függően különbségeket, hogy az adott főnév támaszigés szerkezetben vagy támaszige nélkül fordul-e elő, mind a főnévi valencia sui-generis-értelmezésének alátámasztásához, mind pedig annak meghatározásához fontosnak tartom, meddig terjed a főnévi valencia önállósága, illetve hogyan mutatkozik meg ez a határ a nyelvhasználatban. Mivel a támaszigés szerkezetek definíciója, illetve jellemzése a szakirodalomban számos kérdést vet föl, a dolgozat 3. fejezetében saját munkadefiníciót fogalmazok meg a támaszigés szerkezeteket illetően. A disszertáció korpuszalapú elemző részében (vö. 4. fejezet) hat főnév (Übersetzung, Ausdruck, Verspätung, Freiheit, Problem, Ursache) valenciatulajdonságait vizsgálom 600 autentikus, a mannheimi Leibniz-Institut für deutsche Sprache Német Referenciakorpuszából (Deutsches Referenzkorpus, DeReKo) származó példa alapján. A dolgozat 5. fejezetében az elméleti fejezetek és a korpuszelemzések részeredményei a főnévi valencia önállóságát illetően egységes egésszé rendeződnek, valamint kitekintést nyújtok a munka szempontjából releváns további vizsgálati lehetőségekre.
Degrowth in American Ecofictions
Authors: Hu Ji
Published: October 2021

E doktori disszertáció kutatásának tárgyai amerikai ökofikciók. A degrowth reprezentációk logikájának megfelelően három amerikai ökofikciót választottam elemzésem tárgyául: Joyce Carol Oates The Falls (2005), Donald Richard Don DeLillo White Noise (1986), és Edward Abbey The Monkey Wrench Gang (1975) című munkáit. Mivel a növekedés, fejlődés és az ezeknek megfelelő ideológia az uralkodó világszerte, s mert különféle gazdasági rendszerekben és kultúrákban éltek és vissza is éltek vele, a fejlődés és a növekedés kérdése globális, nemzetállami határokon átívelő probléma. Kínában, a világ többi részéhez hasonlóan, a termeléssel kapcsolatos megszállotság ideológái és a fejlődés bálványozása szintén a helyi ökológiát fenyegeti és számos társadalmi probléma eredője. Jóllehet Kína szocialista ország, de jelenleg produktivista fázisban tart. Ugyanakkor a világpolitika szereplőjeként nem kerülheti el a nemzetiközi diszkurzusokat uraló más, fejlett kapitalista országok gazdasági, politikai és kulturális befolyását. Ezek az vetítik előre, hogy Kína – más, kapitalista országokhoz hasonlóan – még hosszú ideig a produktivizmus ideológiájának hatása alatt fog állni. Ezen felül a szocializmus bizonyos mértékig egyfajta nemzeti kapitalizmus, ami szintén megkívánja a felhalmozást és nagyra értékeli a GDP növekedést, amire pedig a fejlődés és haladás mutatójaként tekintenek. E fenti megfontolás alapján kínaiként a vizsgálati korpuszt és annak ökokritikai elemzését egy híres kínai ökofikcióval kívánom bővíteni, Jiang Rong Wolf Totem (2004) című munkájával, melyet az amerikai tudós, Howard Goldblatt fordított angolra, és 2008-ban adták ki az USA-ban. Ezáltal inkább a disszertáció által vizsgált probléma transznacionális dimenziójára akarok rávilágítani, mintsem az amerikai és kínai ökofikciók összehasonlító elemzését elvégezni, vagy az amerikai irodalom degrowth szempotú feltárásának kultúraközi kibővítését végrehajtani.
A keveréklények szimbolikája az Isteni színjátékban
Authors: Süli Tünde
Published: October 2021

Disszertációm témája a Színjátékban szereplő keveréklények szimbolikája: korának szemléletét tükröző főművében Dante allegorikus figurái összetettek, többféleképpen értelmezhetőek, nem csupán egyetlen jelentést hordoznak. E lények színjátékbeli jelentése mellett műben betöltött szerepük is meghatározó, amely szintén a kutatás tárgyát képezi. Témája és relevanciája szempontjából az értekezés a szimbólumkutatásra fókuszál – tekintettel arra, hogy a középkori ember tudatában még maga a természet is szimbólumok összességeként létezett –, munkám során kiemelt szerepet kapott a hermeneutika, az ikonológia és az ikonográfia, valamint a filozófia és a teológia.
Mítosz és egzegézis
Authors: Molnár Annamária
Published: October 2021

Giovanni Boccaccio mind a hazai, mind a nemzetközi kutatások látóterében elsősorban a Dekameron szerzőjeként van jelen. Azonban életművének kiemelkedő alkotásai közé tartoznak latin nyelvű prózai munkái is, amelyekre a kutatók jellemzően nem fordítanak jelentőségéhez méltó figyelmet. Doktori disszertációm fő célja tehát, hogy a görög-római mitológia öt istennőjének a Genealogia deorum gentiliumban és a De mulieribus clarisban egyaránt szereplő leírásainak komparatív vizsgálatával ráirányítsam a figyelmet a boccacciói latin próza alkotásaira. Az értekezés két nagy egységre tagolódik. Az első részben célkitűzésem – a szakirodalomra támaszkodva, ám a meglévők mellé új szempontokat is beemelve – átfogó összefoglalását adni a két elemzett műnek, kiemelt figyelmet fordítva azok egyedi jegyeire is. Az értekezés első felében – mintegy elméleti hátteret biztosítva a későbbi elemzésnek – az egyes művek általános jellemzőin túl vizsgálom azok forrásait, valamint a megírásuk során alkalmazott munkamódszereket, narrációs technikákat is. A második egységet a mindkét munkában szereplő istennők leírásainak vizsgálata alkotja, amelyre valamennyiük többszempontú vizsgálata során önálló alfejezetben kerül sor. A dolgozat központi részét képező komparatív vizsgálat az alapján tagolható két egységre, hogy a vizsgált istennők a Genealogiában egy vagy több alkalommal címadó szereplői-e a fejezeteknek. Az első csoportban így Ops és Iuno kaptak helyet, akiknek egy-egy leírása olvasható mind a Genealogia, mind a De mulieribus soraiban. A második csoportba Ceres, Minerva és Venus kerültek, akiknek több Genealogia-beli megjelenését szintetizálja Boccaccio a De mulieribus egy-egy fejezetében. Az elemzés minden esetben a Genealogiából indul ki, kiemelten kezelve a források és a narrációs technikák kérdését, majd azt vizsgálja, hogyan kerül át mindez a De mulieribus euhémerizmustól áthatott fejezeteibe. Célom annak kiemelése is, hogy a művek eltérő célközönsége és céljai hogyan eredményeznek számos ponton összekapcsolódó, ám mégis sajátos jegyeket és eltéréseket mutató leírásokat.
A filozófiai és orvosi jellegű insania jelensége Seneca őrület-koncepciójában
Authors: Bán Katalin
Published: October 2021

Kutatómunkámban Seneca insaniával kapcsolatos nézeteit elemzem, az őrület megnyilvánulásának különböző okai, megnyilvánulási formái és kezelési módjai szempontjából. Sztoikus filozófusként elsősorban a filozófiai hatáskörbe tartozó őrületre, azaz a szenvedélyek miatt megjelenő insania jellegére, tüneteire, prevenciójára és gyógyítására fókuszál, ugyanakkor megfigyelhetjük nála a korabeli orvosi szakirodalom mentális betegségekkel kapcsolatos téziseinek hatását is. Disszertációm első részében arra keresem a választ, hogy Seneca írásai mennyiben tekinthetők orvosi szempontból is mérvadó megfigyeléseknek, vagy elsősorban irodalmi értékük jelentős. Kutatásom eredményei alapján elmondható, hogy Seneca passzusaiban az őrület, a pszichés zavarok egyfajta interdiszciplinaritását, komplexitását vélhetjük felfedezni, amely a sztoikus filozófus insaniáról való holisztikus gondolkodásának új megközelítését jelentheti. Az orvosi szakirodalomban megszilárdult nézetek (az elemek és a velük együtt megjelenő jellemzők: hideg-meleg, száraz-nedves, az epe és a pneuma szerepe), a különböző lelkiállapotok jellemzői és tünetei (a félelem, a szomorúság, a hangulatingadozás, az agresszivitás, a halálvágy, a képzelgések, a hallucinációk) Seneca prózai műveiben is megtalálhatók. A disszertáció második részében a filozófiai művek tragédiákhoz való viszonyára keresem a választ az őrület megjelenítését, mibenlétét és kezelését illetően. Értekezésem eredményei alapján elmondható, hogy Seneca a sztoikus hagyományokkal összhangban mutatja be a szenvedély, az őrület manifesztációjának sajátosságait az elemzett drámákban. Mindegyik műben fel lehet fedezni a prózai művekben kifejtett sztoikus filozófiai gondolatokat, ami arra utal, hogy a tragédiák filozófiai szempontból hozzátársíthatók a prózai művekhez és kerek egészként együtt kezelhetők Seneca insania-koncepciójának kutatása során. Emellett mindegyik tragédia esetében szemügyre veszem a természetből vett képi ábrázolásoknak, őrület-metaforáknak a jelenségét is, hogy hogyan világítanak rá a szerző sztoikus filozófiával való kapcsolatára.
The Representation of Violence in Khaled Hosseini’s Novels
Authors: Al-Ahmedi Mustafa Wshyar Abdullah
Published: October 2021

A jelen kutatásban az erőszak látható és láthatatlan ábrázolását vizsgálom Khaled Hosseini három regényében, amelyek a következők: Papírsárkányok. Hazatérés Afganisztánba (2003), Ezeregy tündöklő nap (2007) és a És a hegyek visszhangozzák (2013). Ezen művekben az erőszak megnyilvánulásának különböző típusait elemzem különös tekintettel a narratológiai megközelítésre. Megvizsgálom a regények rejtett és kimondatlan jeleneteit, valamint a trauma szerepét az elbeszélésekben megjelenő erőszak ábrázolásban. Továbbá leírom, hogy a láthatatlan erőszak miként készíti elő a látható erőszak megnyilvánulását. Az első és második fejezetben áttekintést készítek Khaled Hosseini életéről és munkásságáról, továbbá a traumával, konfliktussal mint az erőszak egy velejárójával és a narratológiával kapcsolatos fogalmakat igyekszem bemutatni. Tisztázok néhány kulcsfontosságú fogalmat és készítek egy olyan elméleti hátteret, amely segítségével elkezdhetem a következő fejezetekben az általam választott regények elemzését. Továbbá az első két fejezet tartalmaz egy konfliktustanulmányokkal és konfliktus típusokkal kapcsolatos áttekintést is, különös tekintettel a Johan Galtung által meghatározott konfliktus háromszögre. A második fejezet utolsó részében pedig kitérek azokra a narratológiai módokra, amelyek által felszínre hozható mindaz, ami az elbeszélésben kimondatlan és lehetséges azonban nem következik be . A bevezetést követően Hosseini Papírsárkányok. Hazatérés Afganisztánba, Ezeregy tündöklő nap és a És a hegyek visszhangozzák című regényeit elemzem. Végül az utolsó fejezetben a Hosseini három regényében megjelenő erőszakábrázolást elemző kutatásom végéhez érek. Dolgozatom újszerűségét az adja, hogy az említett regényekben megjelenő erőszakot mint irodalmi erőszakháromszög definiálom. Hosseini műveinek és az elbeszélésekben megjelenő erőszaknak egy új olvasatát ismertetem. Az irodalmi erőszakháromszög egy kulcsfontosságú kifejezés Hosseini regényeinek értelmezésében. Magát az irodalmi erőszakháromszög kifejezést én hoztam létre, amelyet a dolgozatban kiválasztott elsődleges források elemzésével tesztelek.
A kerékpáros turizmus és ökoturizmus fejlesztési stratégiája a Rákos-patak mentén az ökoszisztéma szolgáltatások keretrendszerében
Authors: Bajor Zoltán , Boros Kitt , Keller Krisztina , Kiss Kornélia , Pataki György , Zsóka Ágnes , Gergely Károly , Hegedűs Sára , Kiss Veronika , Liska Márton , Prihoda Gábor
Published: October 2021

Az EcoVeloTour turisztikai projekt (Fostering enhanced ecotourism planning along the Eurovelo cycle route network in the Danube region, DTP-055-2.2) a kerékpáros turizmust és az ökoturizmust kívánja fejleszteni a Duna Régiót átszelő Eurovelo nemzetközi kerékpárútvonalakhoz kapcsolódóan. Célja az Eurovelo hálózatban rejlő szinergiák kiaknázása, az ökoturizmus kommunikációs lehetőségeinek fejlesztése és biztosítása a régióban, a kulturális és természeti értékek promotálása a kerékpáros turizmus segítségével, valamint a biodiverzitás, a tájképi elemek megőrzése, a levegőminőség javítása az ökoturizmus fejlesztési keretei között (EcoVeloTour). A projektterület kedvező adottságokkal rendelkezik a kerékpáros turizmus és az ökoturizmus fejlesztéséhez, a benne rejlő lehetőségek kiaknázására azonban eddig nem, vagy csak nagyon korlátozottan került sor. A kerékpárutak és a hozzájuk kapcsolódó infrastruktúra állapota, illetve szolgáltatási ellátottsága tekintetében egyelőre nem beszélhetünk kerékpáros vagy ökoturisztikai termékekről a Rákos-patak mentén. A stratégia készítésének idején tervezés alatt van az Eurovelo 14 útvonal Rákos-patak menti szakasza, illetve az EcoVeloTour projekt keretében több olyan fejlesztésre – kerékpáros okos pihenő kialakítása, kitáblázás tervének elkészítése, mobil applikáció létrehozása – kerül sor a térségben, melyek a projektterületet kiváló adottságain túl is vonzóvá tehetik a kerékpáros turisták és ökoturisták számára.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: October 2021
Authors: Young Renee L.
Published: October 2021

Article Title: A comprehensive literature review and expert consensus statement on therapeutic drug 2 monitoring of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease
Panel Session toward Improved Communication and Engagement with the Public after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: Study Reports and Discussion with Specialists from Relevant Fields
Authors: Yoshida Hiroko , Kuroda Yujiro , Kono Takahiko , Naito Wataru , Sakoda Akihiro
Published: October 2021

Background: From 2018 to 2020, the Expert Study on Public Understanding after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (the Expert Study Group) identified and analyzed activities designed to promote public understanding of science and radiation since the Fukushima accident, and held discussions on how to achieve public understanding in the situation where public confidence has been lost, and how experts should prepare for dealing with the public. This panel session was held at the 53rd meeting of the Japan Health Physics Society on June 30, 2020.Materials and Methods: First, three subgroup (SG) leaders reported their research methods and results. Then, two designated speakers, who participated as observers of the Expert Study Group, commented on the activities. Next, the five speakers held a panel discussion. Finally, the rapporteur summarized.Results and Discussion: SG leaders presented reports from researchers and practitioners in health physics and environmental risks who provided information after the Fukushima accident. During the discussion, experts in sociology and ethics discussed the issues, focusing on the overall goals of the three groups, local (personal) and mass communication, and ethical values. Many of the activities instituted by the experts after the accident were aimed at public understanding of science (that is, to provide knowledge to residents), but by taking into account interactions with residents and their ethical norms, the experts shifted to supporting the residents’ decision-making through public engagement. The need to consider both content and channels is well known in the field of health communication, and overlaps with the above discussion.Conclusion: How to implement and promote the public engagement in society was discussed in both the floor and designated discussions. Cooperation between local communities and organizations that have already gained trust is also necessary in order to develop relationships with local residents in normal times, to establish an information transmission system, and to make it work effectively.
Los logros y límites de una política de economía social y solidaria territorializada en la ciudad de Santa Fe
Authors: Massera Maricel Lorena
Published: October 2021

En este artículo nos preguntamos acerca de las características que adopta la política pública de escala subnacional dirigida a las experiencias de la economía social y solidaria (ESS), en la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina. Nos enfocamos en el periodo 2011-2015 -momento en que se institucionaliza el área bajo la forma de Subsecretaría a nivel provincial, y posteriormente de Dirección a nivel municipal-, y analizamos en profundidad el diseño e implementación del “Programa Ideas en Marcha”, el cual se desarrolla en el marco de una política social integral, el Plan ABRE. Abordamos el modo en que los actores estatales se representan la ESS -a partir de cómo definen a sus destinatarios, cuáles son las intervenciones que se promueven y cuáles son sus objetivos-, quiénes son los actores institucionales que participan del diseño e implementación de esta política, qué tipo de vínculos y articulaciones se establecen entre ellos, para de este modo avanzar en la comprensión sobre el proceso de institucionalización de la ESS en el territorio local.