bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Chrysanthemum (Dendrathemum grandiflorum Tzeuleu) cv.CO 1
Authors: Annasamy K. , Karuppapiah P.
Published: December 2023

Micronutrient is considered as one of the constraints in the optimum production of crops. A field experiment entitled “Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of chrysanthemum (Dendrathemum grandiflorum Tzeuleu) cv.CO 1” was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, during 2008-2010 in Randomized Block Design with seventeen treatments and three replications. The treatment comprised of various combination of micronutrients viz., Zinc sulphate 0.5 %, Ferrous sulphate 0.5 %, Borax 0.5 %, Manganese sulphate 0.5 %, Copper sulphate 0.5 %, Mixture of all micronutrients 0.5 % and micronutrients mixture at 12.5 kg ha-1, different concentrations with recommended 25 t FYM ha-1 + Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) and a control at 5 different interval. The results of present investigation indicated that, the vegetative growth in term of plant height (54.62 cm), number of branches (10.23), number of leaves (52.15), stem girth (3.33 cm) and flower yield per plant (201.74 g) were found superior under, soil application of micronutrients mixture @ 12.5 kg ha-1 in split as basal, 25, 50 and 75 DAT days after transplanting (T17).
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia as Initial and Only Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report
Authors: Ikejiaku Udochikwuka Patience , Ezerioha Ogechi Patience , Nwaoha Chinyere Adaora , Ekeigwe Ngozi Lina , Osuagwu Njideka
Published: December 2023

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is an acquired disorder resulting in the presence of antibodies against red blood cell antigens which leads to intravascular haemolysis. It can occur as the initial and sometimes the only presenting feature of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In this report, we describe the diagnostic evaluation and ongoing management of a 13-year-old female with AIHA as the first clinical feature of SLE. She presented with paleness of the body and yellowish discoloration of the eyes. Initial examination showed severe pallor with moderate jaundice. Investigations revealed severe anaemia with slightly elevated reticulocyte count and  positive direct coombs test(DCT).  Peripheral blood film showed microcytic, hypochromic anaemia. Bone marrow aspiration showed a hypocellular marrow for the age of the child. Immunological screening results were positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-ds DNA). Patient is currently on Prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF). The diagnosis of SLE with AIHA requires a good history, physical examination, high index of suspicion and extensive investigations. Management entails multidisciplinary approach, supportive care, initiation of treatment with steroids and  immunosuppressive drugs if necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality.
Evaluation of Cooperative Risks in Eastern Visayas: Basis for the Development of Risk Management Manual
Authors: Rufin Mary Tiezel G. , Arceño Rose A.
Published: December 2023

This study evaluated the risk exposure of cooperatives in Eastern Visayas as basis for the development of a comprehensive risk management manual. The research provided a detailed overview of cooperative profiles, encompassing factors such as membership, asset size, loan portfolio, savings/deposits, equity, and years of operation. The examination extended to the assessment of risk levels across institutional, financial, operational, and external dimensions. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, the study utilized a validated self-made survey schedule as the primary data-gathering instrument for risk assessment. Data analysis involved the application of statistical measures such as arithmetic mean, Pearson correlation, risk severity matrix, and standard deviation. The sample comprised thirty (30) credit and multi-purpose cooperatives, representing 75% of medium and large cooperatives in Leyte, Southern Leyte, Biliran, and Samar provinces. Results indicated an overall low risk level for cooperatives in the institutional, financial, operational, and external dimensions. Particularly, the financial aspect exhibited the highest mean score compared to other risk categories. Factors like the number of members, asset size, loan portfolio, and equity demonstrated significant correlations with identified risks, except for members' savings deposits and years of existence. The study highlighted that the top 5 specific risks carried a combination of high and medium probabilities and impacts. Mitigation strategies, including an internal control system and internal audit, emerged as crucial measures to manage these risks. These strategies were subsequently incorporated into the developed risk management manual, which is recommended for implementation by cooperatives as a proactive measure.
Abscess Formation of Abdominal Wall Mimicking Lymphoma Due to Morganella morganii Infection in a Prepubescent Child
Authors: Dong Shuo , Pei Guanghua
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Morganella morganii infection mainly occurs in elderly people and immunocompromised patients; however, an abdominal wall abscess due to M morganii infection in prepubertal children has not been documented.

Methods

Our presented case is a 4-year-old male patient with a 1-month history of left lower quadrant abdominal mass. Preoperative ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic, heterogeneous mass and the mass was not just confined to the abdominal wall, mimicking lymphoma. On color Doppler flow imaging, an image of a highly vascularized mass was demonstrated. The patient underwent lump resection of the abdominal wall. Postoperative process was uneventful except for intermittent hematuria and bladder sludge and urethral calculus on ultrasonography. With symptomatic treatment, hematuria disappeared and urethral calculus and bladder sludge decreased. Then the patient was discharged home.

Results

Postoperative histopathology and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of abscess formation and M morganii was isolated finally from the aspirated pus.

Conclusion

Although an abdominal wall abscess due to M morganii infection is rare, it should not be absent in the differential diagnosis of abdominal wall masses in children. Imaging features of abdominal wall masses should closely integrate the pertinent clinical history.
Considerations for Iliac Vein Repair in the Setting of Urologic Procedures
Authors: Krause Kayla J. , Zil-E-Ali Ahsan , So Kristine L. , Aziz Faisal , Safaya Aditya
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Iliac vein injuries are associated with high morbidity and mortality, with a feared complication of hemorrhage. We discuss management and the thought process behind mitigating such emergencies.

Case presentation

An 81-year-old Caucasian male was seen intraoperatively by vascular surgery for hemorrhage from an injured left external iliac vein in the setting of left radical nephrectomy and ureterectomy.

Conclusion

Despite initial temporizing efforts by urology, vascular surgical intervention proved necessary in hemostasis, venous reconstruction, and thus, establishing continuity of lower extremity venous drainage.
DANZA VIVE, LA LUCHA SIGUE
Authors: Quiroz Margarita Tortajada
Published: December 2023

Este texto da un panorama de algunas experiencias en tiempos de pandemia y postpandemia en la danza mexicana (2020-2022). Pretende mostrar la respuesta que cuatro artistas escénicos dieron en dos ámbitos: espacios independientes de difusión y grupos profesionales de danza contemporánea. Está conformado por tres apartados. El primero presenta un panorama general del campo dancístico mexicano. El segundo se refiere al golpe que recibió la danza por la pandemia de COVID 19 y la migración obligada al espacio virtual. El tercero habla de las estrategias desarrolladas por la dirección de un teatro independiente de la Ciudad de México que mantuvo y expandió su trabajo, y a las creaciones coreográficas de tres artistas y sus grupos de danza contemporánea en ese periodo. Dos nociones se ponen en juego, el deseo de lxs creadorxs de “poner el cuerpo” y la experiencia, en términos de Larrosa (2006).
LOS DESAFÍOS POSTPANDEMIA EN LA ESPECIALIDAD DE DANZA DE LA FACULTAD DE ARTES ESCÉNICAS (FARES) DE LA PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ (PUCP)
Authors: Dagnino Mirella Giannina Carbone
Published: December 2023

Este artículo se centra en las diferentes visiones y experiencias del profesorado y alumnado de la especialidad de Danza de la Facultad de Artes Escénicas (Fares) de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) ante el retorno a la presencialidad después de dos años de confinamiento por la pandemia de la COVID-19. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar, desde el impacto en las actividades metodológicas de aprendizaje, hasta las oportunidades o dificultades de adaptación al nuevo contexto educativo. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo una serie de entrevistas a los docentes y estudiantes de la especialidad durante ydespués del confinamiento. Asimismo, se presentan las impresiones sobre las creaciones efectuadas por el alumnado durante ese periodo. Todas las reflexiones realizadas con el profesorado y alumnado llevaran a delinear seis urgencias que debe asumir nuestro programa de danza en la universidad, concluyendo que se deberían encontrar las formas adecuadas para que estas reflexiones lleguen a nuestros estudiantes, o insistir en una política que decida convertirlas en acciones.
NOVOS DESAFIOS (PÓS)PANDEMIA PARA A FORMAÇÃO EM DANÇA NA UFG
Authors: Krischke Ana Maria Alonso , Figueiredo Valéria Maria Chaves de
Published: December 2023

Apresentamos neste artigo nossas reflexões sobre os desafios enfrentados no curso de licenciatura da UFG durante a pandemia e principalmente “pós-pandemia”. Escolhemos aqui nos aproximar de autoras/es da área de Educação, Ciências Sociais e Arte, de modo a enriquecer, aprofundar e construir debates. Também apresentamos algumas ações adotadasjunto a nossa comunidade acadêmica como uma das formas de reconstruir a instituição e nossos espaços de atuação como lugar de descoberta e de reinvenção, modos e fazeres plurais. Discutimos a partir do que denominamos uma crise da presença que se apresentou com conflitos e dificuldades e elegemos juntos encontrar possíveis estratégias de reação e construção da vida comunitária e identitária.
A doméstica de Magé
Authors: Costa Pedro Vitor , Capillé Cauê , Mendo Maria Ayara
Published: December 2023

Este ensaio busca construir uma leitura do espaço metropolitano a partir das narrativas do cotidiano de oito domésticas negras, moradoras de Magé, que trabalham como empregadas domésticas em casas dos bairros ricos do Rio de Janeiro. Em particular, essa leitura permitiu observar tanto o papel infraestrutural de certos elementos da arquitetura na construção desse cotidiano – a arquitetura funciona como um dispositivo ordinário, um fundo aparentemente neutro e natural sobre o qual profundas relações de poder herdadas do período colonial se manifestam – quanto certas inter-relações fundamentais entre as memórias dessas mulheres, seus corpos em travessia, seus sonhos e a história da cidade onde habitam. O artigo apresenta essas observações através de oito tempos fundamentais, extraídos das oito entrevistas: um dia comum, que de três em três horas denuncia e entrelaça os corpos na diáspora, o tempo que não tem início nem fim e os territórios herdados.
A Public Health Approach to New York City’s Mental Health Crisis
Authors: Vasan Ashwin , McRae Michael T. , Counts Nathaniel Z.
Published: December 2023

This Viewpoint shares New York City’s rationale, process, and challenges in addressing mental health, focusing on 1 of 3 pillars of the plan—overdose—as a case study to inform the work of other governments across the nation.
Reduced Bergmann glial process terminations and lateral appendages in essential tremor
Authors: Ruff David S. , Balbo Ilaria , Lai Ruo‐Yah , Dieng Diarra , Hennessey Charlotte , Vennam Krish , Dwork Andrew J. , McCreary Morgan , Louis Elan D. , Faust Phyllis L. , Kuo Sheng‐Han
Published: December 2023

Objective

Postmortem examination of the essential tremor cerebellum has revealed a variety of pathological changes centered in and around Purkinje cells. Studies have predominantly focused on cerebellar neuronal connections. Bergmann glial morphology has not yet been studied in essential tremor. Among their many roles, Bergmann glia in the cerebellar cortex ensheath Purkinje cell synapses and provide neuroprotection. Specifically, the complex radial processes and lateral appendages of Bergmann glia are structural domains that modulate Purkinje cell synaptic transmission. In this study, we investigate whether Bergmann glia morphology is altered in the essential tremor cerebellum.

Methods

We applied the Golgi‐Kopsch method and used computerized three‐dimensional cell reconstruction to visualize Bergmann glia in the postmortem cerebellum of 34 cases and 17 controls. We quantified morphology of terminal structures (number of terminations and lateral appendage density) and morphology of radial processes (total process length, branch length, branch order, and branch volume) in each glial cell. We quantified number of branches and volume as well.

Results

Essential tremor cases had a 31.9% decrease in process terminations and a 35.7% decrease in lateral appendage density in Bergmann glia. Total process length and branch length did not differ between essential tremor cases and controls. We found also a reduction in number of secondary and tertiary branches and tertiary branches volume.

Interpretation

These findings suggest that Bergmann glia in essential tremor cases have more alterations in their terminal structures, with a relative preservation of radial processes, and highlight a potential role for these astrocytes in the disease pathophysiology.
Biodegradable Osmium Nanoantidotes for Photothermal‐/Chemo‐ Combined Treatment and to Prevent Chemotherapy‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Long Qi , Liao Fangling , Yi Huixi , Wang Mingcheng , Zhuang Jiani , Zheng Yue , Guo Weisheng , Zhang Dong‐Yang
Published: December 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common adverse event in chemotherapy patients. AKI is accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. Therefore, the management of ROS and inflammation is a potential strategy for AKI mitigation. Herein, polyethylene glycol‐coated osmium nanozyme‐based antidotes (Os) are developed for imaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) in combination with cisplatin (Pt); while, avoiding AKI induced by high‐dose Pt. Os nanoantidotes can enhance the efficiency of tumor treatment during combined PTT and chemotherapy and inhibit tumor metastasis by improving the hypoxic and inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Os nanoantidotes preferentially accumulate in the kidney because of their 2‐nm size distribution; and then, regulate inflammation by scavenging ROS and generating oxygen to alleviate Pt‐induced AKI. Os nanoantidotes can be cleared from the kidneys by urine excretion but can be degraded under hydrogen peroxide stimulation, reducing the bio‐retention of these compounds. By integrating PTT with inflammatory regulation, Os nanoantidotes have the potential to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy, offering an alternative route for the clinical management of cancer patients with chemotherapy‐induced AKI.
Dual‐Frequency Ultrasound Assisted Thrombolysis in Interventional Therapy of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Pan Yunfan , Li Yongjian , Chen Yuexin , Li Jiang , Chen Haosheng
Published: December 2023

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. Currently, the treatment of DVT still needs a long time and faces a high risk of major bleeding. It is necessary to find a rapid and safe method for the therapy of DVT. Here, a dual‐frequency ultrasound assisted thrombolysis (DF‐UAT) is reported for the interventional treatment of DVT. A series of piezoelectric elements are placed in an interventional catheter to emit ultrasound waves with two independent frequencies in turn. The low‐frequency ultrasound drives the drug‐loaded droplets into the thrombus, while the high‐frequency ultrasound causes the cavitation of the droplets in the thrombus. With the joint effect of the enhanced drug diffusion and the cavitation under the dual‐frequency ultrasound, the thrombolytic efficacy can be improved. In a proof‐of‐concept experiment performed with living sheep, the recanalization of the iliac vein is realized in 15 min using the DF‐UAT technology. Therefore, the DF‐UAT can be one of the most promising methods in the interventional treatment of DVT.
Unifying and Suppressing Conduction Losses of Polymer Dielectrics for Superior High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Yang Minhao , Wang Zepeng , Zhao Yanlong , Liu Zeren , Pang Hui , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: December 2023

Superior high‐temperature capacitive performance of polymer dielectrics is critical for the modern film capacitor demanded in the harsh‐environment electronic and electrical systems. Unfortunately, the capacitive performance degrades rapidly at elevated temperatures owing to the exponential growth of conduction loss. The conduction loss is mainly composed of electrode and bulk‐limited conduction. Herein, the contribution of surface and bulk factors is unified to conduction loss, and the loss is thoroughly suppressed. The experimental results demonstrate that the polar oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of polymer dielectrics can act as the charge trap sites to immobilize the injected charges from electrode, which can in turn establish a built‐in field to weaken the external electric field and augment the injection barrier height. Wide bandgap aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle fillers can serve as deep traps to constrain the transport of injected or thermally activated charges in the bulk phase. From this, at 200 °C, the discharged energy density with a discharge–charge efficiency of 90% increases by 1058.06% from 0.31 J cm−3 for pristine polyetherimide to 3.59 J cm−3 for irradiated composite film. The principle of simultaneously inhibiting the electrode and bulk‐limited conduction losses could be easily extended to other polymer dielectrics for high‐temperature capacitive performance.
Synthesis of Selenooxazoles through Electrochemical Oxidative Selenocyclization ofN‐Propargylamides
Authors: Zhang Huaxin , Xiong Yongge , Song Xian‐Rong , Yang Ruchun , Luo Mu‐Jia , Xiao Qiang
Published: December 2023

An electrocatalytic approach for the bromide‐mediated selenocyclization ofN‐propargylamides with diselenides is described, providing a synthetic route for the synthesis of various seleno‐oxazoles in 41–73% yields. The success of gram‐scale experiments demonstrate the potential value of this protocol in synthetic chemistry. Mechanistic investigations suggest that this selenocyclization protocol proceed through two possible pathways, including selenium cation and radical processes.
Vineyard soil texture and pH effects on Meloidogyne hapla and Mesocriconema xenoplax
Authors: East Katherine E. , Zasada Inga A. , Lee Jungmin , Schreiner R. Paul , Rippner Devin A.
Published: December 2023

Northern root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) and ring nematode (Mesocriconema xenoplax) are the most prevalent plant‐parasitic nematodes of wine grapes in the Pacific Northwest, but M. hapla is most important in eastern Washington and M. xenoplax in western Oregon. These regions differ edaphically where Washington soils are minimally weathered and alkaline while Oregon soils are highly weathered and acidic. To examine the effect of soil texture and pH on nematode reproduction, an alkaline, sandy loam soil (pH 7.9) from Washington and an acidic loam soil from Oregon (pH 5.4) were modified to the other pH extreme, and to a middle pH of 6.9. Tomatoes were planted into each soil/pH combination, and either 500 M. hapla second‐stage juveniles or M. xenoplax individuals were added to each pot. After 7 weeks, plants were harvested, three roots collected for analysis, remaining roots and leaves dried and weighed, and nematode population densities determined as eggs on roots (M. hapla) and nematodes in soil (M. xenoplax). Soil texture (sandy loam or loam) had no effect on either nematode, but M. hapla reproduction was greater in the lowest pH soil while M. xenoplax was unaffected by soil pH. Mesocriconema xenoplax parasitism reduced root length and root tip number, whereas M. hapla increased root mass in the highest pH Washington soil. Under these experimental conditions, it appears vineyard soil texture in the Pacific Northwest is not a determining factor in population growth of these nematodes, but M. hapla performed better at low pH.
Sex‐biased gene regulation varies across human populations as a result of adaptive evolution
Authors: Reynolds Adam Z. , Niedbalski Sara D.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Studies of human sexual dimorphism and gender disparities in health focus on ostensibly universal molecular sex differences, such as sex chromosomes and circulating hormone levels, while ignoring the extraordinary diversity in biology, behavior, and culture acquired by different human populations over their unique evolutionary histories.

Materials and Methods

Using RNA‐Seq data and whole genome sequences from 1000G and HGDP, we investigate variation in sex‐biased gene expression across 11 human populations and test whether population‐level variation in sex‐biased expression may have resulted from adaptive evolution in regions containing sex‐specific regulatory variants.

Results

We find that sex‐biased gene expression in humans is highly variable, mostly population‐specific, and demonstrates between population reversals. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping reveals sex‐specific regulatory regions with evidence of recent positive natural selection, suggesting that variation in sex‐biased expression may have evolved as an adaptive response to ancestral environments experienced by human populations.

Discussion

These results indicate that sex‐biased gene expression is more flexible than previously thought and is not generally shared among human populations. Instead, molecular phenotypes associated with sex depend on complex interactions between population‐specific molecular evolution and physiological responses to contemporary socioecologies.
Enantioselective Construction of Eight‐Membered N‐Heterocycles from Simple 1,3‐Dienes via Pd(0) Lewis Base Catalysis
Authors: Pan Jiaoting , Ho Takumi Ogawa , Chen Ying‐Chun , Yang Bin‐Miao , Zhao Yu
Published: December 2023

We report herein an unprecedented enantioselective (4+4) cycloaddition of simple 1,3‐dienes with azadienes for the construction of fused eight‐membered N‐heterocycles. In this transformation, the π‐Lewis basic Pd(0) catalyst achieves activation of 1,3‐dienes to induce nucleophilic addition to azadienes followed by ring cyclization via a selective terminal allylic substitution. Furthermore, highly efficient and diastereoselective derivatizations of the eight‐membered rings provide a facile access to diverse enantiopure fused tetra‐ to hexacyclic compounds with potential application in medicinal chemistry.
Asymmetric Solvents Regulated Crystallization‐Limited Electrolytes for All‐Climate Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuankun , Li Zhiming , Xie Weiwei , Zhang Qiu , Hao Zhenkun , Zheng Chunyu , Hou Jinze , Lu Yong , Yan Zhenhua , Zhao Qing , Chen Jun
Published: December 2023

Electrolytes that can keep liquid state are one of the most important physical metrics to ensure the ions transfer with stable operation of rechargeable lithium‐based batteries at a wide temperature window. It is generally accepted that strong polar solvents with high melting points favor the safe operation of batteries above room temperatures but are susceptible to crystallization at low temperatures (≤−40 °C). Here, a crystallization limitation strategy was proposed to handle this issue. We demonstrate that, although the high melting points of ethylene sulfite (ES, −17 °C) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC, ≈23 °C), their mixtures can avoid crystallization at low temperatures, which can be attributed to low intermolecular interactions and altered molecular motion dynamics. A suitable ES/FEC ratio (10 % FEC) can balance the bulk and interface transport of ions, enabling LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2||lithium (NCM811||Li) full cells to deliver excellent temperature resilience and cycling stability over a wide temperature range from −50 °C to +70 °C. More than 66 % of the capacity retention was achieved at −50 °C compared to room temperature. The NCM811||Li pouch cells exhibit high cycling stability under realistic conditions (electrolyte weight to cathode capacity ratio (E/C)≤3.5 g Ah−1, negative to positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P)≤1.09) at different temperatures.
Acyl and CO Ligands in the [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Cofactor Scramble upon Photolysis
Authors: Schaupp Sebastian , Arriaza‐Gallardo Francisco J. , Paczia Nicole , Ataka Kenichi , Shima Seigo
Published: December 2023

[Fe]‐hydrogenase harbors the iron‐guanylylpyridinol (FeGP) cofactor, in which the Fe(II) complex contains acyl‐carbon, pyridinol‐nitrogen, cysteine‐thiolate and two CO as ligands. Irradiation with UV‐A/blue light decomposes the FeGP cofactor to a 6‐carboxymethyl‐4‐guanylyl‐2‐pyridone (GP) and other components. Previous in vitro biosynthesis experiments indicated that the acyl‐ and CO‐ligands in the FeGP cofactor can scramble, but whether scrambling occurred during biosynthesis or photolysis was unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the [18O1‐carboxy]‐group of GP is incorporated into the FeGP cofactor by in vitro biosynthesis. MS/MS analysis of the 18O‐labeled FeGP cofactor revealed that the produced [18O1]‐acyl group is not exchanged with a CO ligand of the cofactor, indicating that the acyl and CO ligands are scrambled during photolysis rather than biosynthesis, which ruled out any biosynthesis mechanisms allowing acyl/CO ligands scrambling. Time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy indicated that an acyl‐Fe(CO)3 intermediate is formed during photolysis, in which scrambling of the CO and acyl ligands can occur. This finding also suggests that the light‐excited FeGP cofactor has a higher affinity for external CO. These results contribute to our understanding of the biosynthesis and photosensitive properties of this unique H2‐activating natural complex.
siRNA delivery from cationic nanocarriers prepared by diffusion‐assisted loading in the presence and absence of electrostatic interactions
Authors: Lanier Olivia L. , D'Andrea Abielle P. , Shodeinde Aaliyah , Peppas Nicholas A.
Published: December 2023

In this study, we use modified cationic nanocarriers as vehicles for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic siRNA. After developing nanocarrier formulations with appropriate pKa, size, swellability, and cytocompatibility, we investigated the importance of siRNA loading methods by studying the impact of the pH and time over which siRNA is loaded into the nanocarriers. We concentrate on diffusion‐based loading in the presence and absence of electrostatic interactions. siRNA release kinetics were studied using samples prepared from nanocarriers loaded by both mechanisms. In addition, siRNA delivery was evaluated for two formulations. While previous studies were conducted with samples prepared by siRNA loading at low pH values, this research provides evidence that loading conditions of siRNA affect the release behavior. This study concludes that this concept could prove advantageous for eliciting prolonged intracellular release of nucleic acids and negatively charged molecules, effectively decreasing dose frequency and contributing to more effective therapies and improved patient outcomes. In addition, our findings could be leveraged for enhanced control over siRNA release kinetics, providing novel methods for the continued optimization of cationic nanoparticles in a wide array of RNA interference‐based applications.
Addressing unmeasured confounders in cohort studies: Instrumental variable method for a time‐fixed exposure on an outcome trajectory
Authors: Le Bourdonnec Kateline , Samieri Cécilia , Tzourio Christophe , Mura Thibault , Mishra Aniket , Trégouët David‐Alexandre , Proust‐Lima Cécile
Published: December 2023

Instrumental variable methods, which handle unmeasured confounding by targeting the part of the exposure explained by an exogenous variable not subject to confounding, have gained much interest in observational studies. We consider the very frequent setting of estimating the unconfounded effect of an exposure measured at baseline on the subsequent trajectory of an outcome repeatedly measured over time. We didactically explain how to apply the instrumental variable method in such setting by adapting the two‐stage classical methodology with (1) the prediction of the exposure according to the instrumental variable, (2) its inclusion into a mixed model to quantify the exposure association with the subsequent outcome trajectory, and (3) the computation of the estimated total variance. A simulation study illustrates the consequences of unmeasured confounding in classical analyses and the usefulness of the instrumental variable approach. The methodology is then applied to 6224 participants of the 3C cohort to estimate the association of type‐2 diabetes with subsequent cognitive trajectory, using 42 genetic polymorphisms as instrumental variables. This contribution shows how to handle endogeneity when interested in repeated outcomes, along with a R implementation. However, it should still be used with caution as it relies on instrumental variable assumptions hardly testable in practice.
A tale of dual functions of SERF family proteins in regulating amyloid formation
Authors: Qi Shixing , Peng Yun , Wang Guan , Zhang Xu , Liu Maili , He Lichun
Published: December 2023

The abnormal aggregation of proteins is a significant pathological hallmark of diseases, such as the amyloid formation associated with fused in sarcoma protein (FUS) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases. Understanding which cellular components and how these components regulate the process of abnormal protein aggregation in living organisms is crucial for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. MOAG‐4/SERF is a conserved family of proteins with rich positive charged residues, which was initially identified as an enhancer for the formation of amyloids in C. elegans. Knocking out SERF impedes the amyloid formation of various proteins, including α‐synuclein and β‐amyloid, which are linked to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, respectively. However, recent studies revealed SERF exhibited dual functions, as it could both promote and inhibit the fibril formation of the neurodegenerative disease‐related amyloidogenic proteins. The connection between functions and structure basis of SERF in regulating the amyloid formation is still unclear. This review will outline the hallmark proteins in neurodegenerative diseases, summarize the contradictory role of the SERF protein family in promoting and inhibiting the aggregation of neurodegenerative proteins, and finally explore the potential structural basis and functional selectivity of the SERF protein.
PROTOCOL: The FRIENDS preventive programme for reducing anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Filges Trine , Smedslund Geir , Eriksen Tine , Birkefoss Kirsten
Published: December 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The main objective of this review is to answer the following research question: What are the effects of the FRIENDS preventive programme on anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents? Further, the review will attempt to answer if the effects differ between participant age groups, participant socio‐economic status, type of prevention (universal, selective or indicated), type of provider (lay or mental health provider), country of implementation (Australia or other countries) and implementation issues in relation to the booster sessions and parent sessions (implemented, partly implemented or not at all).
Top advances of the year: Ovarian cancer
Authors: Lumish Melissa A. , Kohn Elise C. , Tew William P.
Published: December 2023

Although cure rates remain low and effective screening strategies are elusive, the recent advances in systemic therapies over the past year highlighted in this review have prolonged survival for women with ovarian cancer. In 2022, the first antibody–drug conjugate for platinum‐resistant ovarian cancer received accelerated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Confirmatory studies examining the efficacy of mirvetuximab and other antibody–drug conjugates are underway. In the upfront setting, the first data establishing an overall survival benefit from poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor maintenance was demonstrated after a 7‐year follow‐up period. In contrast, long‐term updates from poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor trials in the noncurative setting reported survival detriments, and the FDA withdrew the respective indications. Several trials attempted to improve upon the standard of care for platinum‐sensitive ovarian carcinoma and those with rare ovarian cancer histologies (carcinosarcoma, clear cell carcinoma) but failed to demonstrate a clinically or statistically meaningful benefit. This leaves the open question of how to further optimize systemic therapy for advanced ovarian carcinoma to improve long‐term survival and cure rates.
Formation, Enhanced Crystallization, Optical Absorption and Electrical Conduction in Copper Indium Selenide Thin Films Prepared via Pulse Laser Welding Technique
Authors: Khusayfan Najla. M. , Khanfar Hazem K. , Alharbi Seham R.
Published: December 2023

In this study, thin films of CuInSe2 (CIS) are expeditiously fabricated within 1 s utilizing the pulsed laser welding (PLW) technique. Preceding the PLW process, thin films of InSe (500 nm) are coated with Cu nanosheets of 60 and 120 nm thicknesses using vacuum coating systems. The optimal PLW parameters leading to the formation of CIS films include a pulse width of 1.0 ms, a spot diameter of 2.0 mm, and a repetition frequency of 10 Hz. The resulting CIS films exhibited a well‐crystalline cubic structure with lattice parameters of 5.265 Å. Surface morphology analyses revealed the preferential formation of porous films with varying stoichiometry, a characteristic that can be manipulated by adjusting laser welding parameters. The energy band gap and room temperature electrical conductivity display values of 1.80 eV and 2.06 × 10−5 (Ωcm)−1, respectively. Cu‐rich samples exhibit a wider energy band gap of 1.94 eV and lower electrical conductivity values of 4.78 × 10−7 (Ωcm)−1. The CIS film demonstrates n‐type conductivity attributed to the formation of donor levels centered at 0.24 and 0.10 eV. This study presents an ultrafast method for fabricating CIS films with physical properties compatible with those produced using traditional methods.
A field‐validated ensemble species distribution model of Eriogonum pelinophilum, an endangered subshrub in Colorado, USA
Authors: Zimmer Scott N. , Holsinger Kenneth W. , Dawson Carol A.
Published: December 2023

Understanding the suitable habitat of endangered species is crucial for agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management to plan management and conservation. However, few species distribution models are directly validated, potentially limiting their application in management. In preparation for a Species Status Assessment of clay‐loving wild buckwheat (Eriogonum pelinophilum), an endangered subshrub found in southwest Colorado, we ran a series of species distribution models to estimate the species' potential occupied habitat and validated these models in the field. A 1‐meter resolution digital elevation model derived from LiDAR and a high‐resolution geology mapping helped identify biologically relevant characteristics of the species' habitat. We employed a weighted ensemble model based on two Random Forest and one Boosted Regression Tree model, and discrimination performance of the ensemble model was high (AUC‐PR = 0.793). We then conducted a systematic field survey of model habitat suitability predictions, during which we discovered 55 new subpopulations of the species and demonstrated that new species observations were strongly associated with model predictions (p < .0001, Cliff's delta = 0.575). We further refined our original models by incorporating the additional species occurrences collected in the field survey, a new explanatory variable, and a more diverse set of models. These iterative changes marginally improved performance of the ensemble model (AUC‐PR = 0.825). Direct validation of species distribution models is extremely rare, and our field survey provides strong validation of our model results. This helps increase confidence to utilize predictions in planning. The final model predictions greatly improve the Bureau of Land Management's understanding of the species' habitat and increase our ability to consider potential habitat in planning land use activities such as road development and travel management.
Cuff‐less blood pressure estimation using hetero‐core optical fibers
Authors: Koyama Yuya , Kamada Hiroki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Michiko
Published: December 2023

In this study, we proposed a cuff‐less blood pressure measurement using a medical tape sensor with an embedded hetero‐core optical fiber. The tape sensor pasted on the skin can directly detect pulse wave signals with a simple measuring device. Pulse transit time (PTT) was obtained from the time difference between the two pulse waveforms at the neck and foot. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was estimated from PTT and the regression equation. The result shows that the maximum prediction error was 3.8 mmHg in five healthy young subjects. The SBP data were evaluated using a Bland‐Altman method to assess the agreement of SBP data estimated by the proposed method with those measured by the cuff‐based electronic sphygmomanometer. The mean ± 1.96 standard deviation of the estimated SBP against the reference was −1.3 ± 5.1 mmHg. The results show that the proposed noninvasive blood pressure measurement method can measure blood pressure, and its accuracy is comparable to that of the cuff‐based electronic sphygmomanometer.
Effect of straying, reproductive strategies, and ocean distribution on the structure of American shad populations
Authors: Poulet Camille , Lassalle Géraldine , Jordaan Adrian , Limburg Karin E. , Nack Christopher C. , Nye Janet A. , O'Malley Andrew , O'Malley‐Barber Betsy , Stich Dan S. , Waldman John R. , Zydlewski Joseph , Lambert Patrick
Published: December 2023

The use of species distribution models has proliferated, providing insights for sustainable management of migratory species in a globally changing environment. However, many of these models are based on statistical relationships developed from historical conditions that may not perform well under changing or even analogous conditions caused by climate change. In this paper, we used a mechanistic species distribution model called GR3D (Global Repositioning Dynamics for Diadromous Fish Distribution) to examine the integrated dynamics of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) populations across their native range along the Eastern U.S. coast, where the species demonstrates latitudinal variations in life histories and reproductive strategies. The initial design of the model was adapted to incorporate region‐specific parameterization to fit the species ecology. Then, a sensitivity analysis was performed to test the influences of uncertain processes regarding American shad distribution at sea, straying and reproduction on key characteristics of the species distribution. The sensitivity analysis showed the influence of the Allee effect (i.e., “depensatory” process) and the homing rate (i.e., fidelity to the breeding sites) on the probability of presence and abundances among catchments and metapopulations estimated by the model. Contrary to the homing rate, the distance of straying did not change the estimated number of metapopulations or abundances. Homing strength, however, was quite influential. The integration of complex migration patterns during the marine phase (i.e., wintering and summering offshore areas) provided more likely estimates of the species' overall distribution. Overall, our study illustrated the utility of incorporating factors governing the large‐scale distribution of migratory species to improve local management.
Hidden in plain sight: The invasive macroalga Caulerpa prolifera evades detection by environmental DNA methods
Authors: Waters Tanner , Langlois Kylie , Gold Zachary , Theroux Susanna , Eagle Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Environmental managers need a rapid and cost‐effective monitoring tool for tracking the spread of invasive species, particularly at the onset of introduction. The macroalgae Caulerpa prolifera is considered an invasive species outside its native range, colonizing large patches of seafloor, reducing native species, and altering ecosystem functioning. Here, we developed a droplet digital PCR assay for detection of C. prolifera from environmental DNA seawater samples using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. While the assay itself was confirmed to be highly efficient, we discovered concentrations of C. prolifera eDNA were present below detectable levels in the water column surrounding an outbreak. To understand why, we conducted tank‐based experiments for two California invasive algae species, Caulerpa prolifera and Sargassum horneri. The steady‐state eDNA concentration (eDNA copies/ gram of biomass detected) of C. prolifera was found to be two orders of magnitude lower than S. horneri. A meta‐analysis of steady‐state concentrations reported in the literature showed a remarkable range from ~104–1011 (copies/g), revealing C. prolifera to have the lowest recorded steady‐state concentrations of eDNA of any known species. We attribute C. prolifera's low steady‐state eDNA concentration to its unique biology as a unicellular macroscopic algae which reduces the possible modes of eDNA release compared to similarly sized multicellular organisms. Critically our results demonstrate the potential limits of eDNA approaches, the influence of shedding rates in the reliability of species detections, and the vital importance of benchmarking and validating eDNA assays in both field and laboratory settings.
Study of the Mechanism of 7‐exo‐trig Cyclizations of Aryl, Vinyl, and Alkyl Radicals on Oxime Ethers
Authors: Bejarano Carlos A. , Díaz John E. , Camacho Jairo , Flores‐Bernal Gustavo G. , Miranda Luis D. , Mejía Sol M. , Loaiza Alix E.
Published: December 2023

In this work, we conducted a study of 7‐exo‐trig cyclizations mechanism involving aryl, vinyl, and alkyl radicals on oxime ethers. Initially, the reaction of brominated oxime ether 9 a with (TMS)3SiH and AIBN gave rise to aryl radicals that underwent a 7‐exo‐trig cyclization on the oxime ether, yielding dibenzoxepine 10 a, and the ipso reaction and reduction products were obtained as well. Approximate rate constants at 80 °C for the 7‐exo‐trig (1.0×108 s−1) and the ipso cyclization (4.3×107 s−1) were determined by competition experiments. DFT calculations showed good agreement with the experimental results. The reduction rate constant of the N‐alkoxyaminyl radical with (TMS)3SiH was calculated to be 4.1×10−1 M−1 s−1; while the rate constants for the 7‐exo‐trig cyclizations of vinyl and alkyl radicals on the oxime ether were estimated in the ranges of 106 s−1–108 s−1 and 103 s−1–108 s−1, respectively. The 7‐exo‐trig cyclization reactions involving aryl, vinyl, and alkyl radicals with oxime ethers were found to be an exothermic and irreversible process, with the oximic carbon showing a preference for nucleophilic alkyl radicals. This kinetic study contributes to the deeper understanding of radical‐mediated cyclizations, enabling the efficient design of complex synthetic routes.
Sequenced‐based Rwanda population provides insights into demographic history
Authors: Miao Xinyao , Gong Xiaojuan , Paul Gasana , Shen Yuesheng , Gao Jiayang , Li Bowen , Yu Huiyun , Chang Liao , Li Shengbin , Liang Zuhuan , Yan Chunxia , Ma Tao , Zhang Bao
Published: December 2023

Rwanda is known as the heart of Africa, reflecting the history of the world. Colonization and genocide have led to Rwanda's existing genetic structure. Herein, we used massively parallel sequencing to analyze 296 loci in 185 Rwandans and constructed a database for Rwandan forensic data for the first time. We found the following results: First, forensic parameters demonstrated that all loci were highly informative and could be used for forensic identification and paternity tests in Rwandans. Second, we found that the differences in genetic background between Rwandans and other African populations were similar but slight, as indicated by the massively parallel sequencing panel. Rwandans belonged to the African population and were inseparable from populations from neighboring countries. Also, Rwandans were closer to the European and American populations because of colonization, war, and other reasons. There was no scientific basis for racial classification established by colonization. Further research still needs to be carried out on more loci and larger Rwandan samples.
Framework of Maximum Solar Energy Conversion Using Lyapunov‐Based Model Reference Adaptive Control Technique in Stochastic Weather Conditions
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Akella Ashok Kumar , Manna Saibal
Published: December 2023

The solar photovoltaic (PV) energy generation technology has grown rapidly. Herein, a novel continuous‐time Lyapunov‐based model reference adaptive control (LB‐MRAC) technique is suggested for determining the duty cycle of boost converter to maintain maximum power point (MPP) of the solar PV panel. For ensuring the fast‐tracking speed, the reference voltage of, respectively, MPP is calculated using perturb and observe (PO) and input to the MRAC technique. Using MATLAB/Simulink, the performances of the LB‐MRAC maximum power point tracking are comparatively analyzed with PO, incremental conductance, and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system under diverse testing modes such as stand‐alone, partial shading, grid integrated, and real time. The proposed technique tracks MPP in just 3.7 ms having tracking efficacy between 99.15% and 99.59% under highly fluctuating irradiance and temperature with load uncertainties. In partial shading mode, four patterns (3 × 1 PV string) are devised and determined where that the suggested approach monitors the global MPP in merely 0.04 s with the highest power tracked and the least amount of shading loss. Next, the efficacy is checked in a three‐phase 50 kW grid‐integrated mode under realistic weather. Finally, the performance of the suggested continuous‐time LB‐MRAC technique is experimentally corroborated employing OPAL‐RT(OP4510) in the real‐time mode.
Exploration of heterogeneous catalyst for molecular hydrogen ortho‐para conversion
Authors: Abe Hideki , Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Eguchi Ryuto , Hosono Hideo
Published: December 2023

Molecular hydrogen (H2) ortho‐para conversion (O/P conversion) proceeds slowly at low temperatures accompanying a heat release. Thus, catalysts for accelerating this conversion rate are highly demanded in terms of the storage and utilization of liquid H2. The catalysts for this purpose are experimentally screened by examining a broad range of materials covering magnetic, non‐magnetic, metallic, and nonmetallic oxides. The primary conclusions obtained are summarized below. (1) active materials are required to be non‐metallic and to bear the cations with ionic radii smaller than the bond length of H2. (2) Metallic materials have almost no activity irrespective of with or without magnetism (3) The activity of materials belonging to (1) is largely enhanced when the constituting cation has a magnetic moment. In addition, there is a class of materials for which the activity is distinctly enhanced just upon substitution by the foreign ions.