bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado de conocimiento actual y problemas de conservación de los Meloidae (Coleoptera) de la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: García-París M. , Trotta-Moreu N. , Capote L.
Published: April 2010

La recopilación de los datos publicados, acompañada de la revisión de colecciones y de observaciones de campo a lo largo de los últimos ocho años, permite registrar un total de 40 especies de la familia Meloidae en la Comunidad de Madrid. De éstas 40 especies, hay siete que únicamente se conocen a partir de capturas realizadas hace más de 25 años, y otras dos que se citan únicamente a partir de los nuevos datos de campo (Meloe rugosus y Nemognatha chrysomelina). Dos de las siete especies sin capturas recientes (Stenoria apicalis y Meloe baudueri) están representadas únicamente por uno o dos ejemplares, por lo que su presencia actual ha podido pasar desapercibida. Este no es el caso de las otras cinco (Meloe variegatus, M. cavensis, M. violaceus, Mylabris uhagonii y M. amorii), que están representadas por numerosos ejemplares en las colecciones históricas. Meloe variegatus, M. cavensis y Mylabris uhagonii, han de ser consideradas En Peligro de Extinción, o tal vez definitivamente extinguidas, si no aparecen nuevos ejemplares en un futuro próximo. Mylabris amorii sólo se ha encontrado en una localidad situada en el límite septentrional de la distribución conocida de la especie, por lo que no tenemos criterios suficientes para evaluar su situación. Meloe violaceus ha sufrido un retroceso evidente, y por lo tanto ha de considerarse como Vulnerable. En cinco especies adicionales se ha constatado una reducción evidente de la distribución actual. Esta situación se presenta en Meloe brevicollis, M. autumnalis, M. proscarabaeus, Hycleus dufourii y Mylabris dejeani. En estas especies la distribución actual se limita a zonas situadas en la Sierra, mientras que el resto de poblaciones parecen haber desaparecido por lo que deberían considerarse en la categoría de Vulnerable. Si continúa la tendencia actual, posiblemente pasarán a la categoría de En Peligro de Extinción. Meloe tuccius, una especie frecuente hace tan sólo 10 ó 15 años en el área urbana, puede considerarse como casi desaparecida y por lo tanto ha de incluirse en la categoría de Vulnerable. La imparable urbanización creciente, el uso de herbicidas en las cunetas, el empleo masivo de productos fitosanitarios en los cultivos, campos de golf y jardines y, las fumigaciones aéreas contra plagas, son en la actualidad problemas serios para las poblaciones de meloidos de Madrid.
Distribución y patrones de diversidad de los Afódidos en la Comunidad de Madrid (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Aphodiidae, Aphodiinae y Psammodiinae)
Authors: Hortal J. , Lobo J. M. , Del Rey L.
Published: April 2010

En este trabajo se presenta un inventario actualizado de los Aphodiidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) de la Comunidad de Madrid. Además, se presentan mapas de la distribución observada y potencial de las 70 especies encontradas en Madrid, así como de la distribución espacial de la riqueza, rareza, y endemicidad potencial en la región. Finalmente, se discute brevemente el origen de los patrones observados.
Rareza, estatus de conservación y sus determinantes ecológicos. Revisión de su aplicación a escala regional
Authors: Carrascal L. M. , Palomino D.
Published: April 2010

En este trabajo se efectúa una revisión crítica sobre la rareza ecológica, las categorías de amenaza de las especies y la definición de su estatus de conservación. En la aplicación de los criterios cuantitativos para establecer categorías de amenaza existen numerosos problemas lógicos asociados con la conservación de la biodiversidad, biológicos relacionados con la historia natural de las especies y metodológicos vinculados a aspectos de diseño científico y fiabilidad de los datos. No sería recomendable crear categorías que definan el estatus de amenaza a escalas nacional o regional cuando los datos utilizados sean pura especulación. Esto es especialmente preocupante cuando la rareza a escala regional venga motivada por aspectos puramente biogeográficos (e.g., poblaciones en bordes de distribución). Se proponen alternativas para la aplicación de criterios definitorios de estatus de conservación a escala regional (p.e., nacional o comunidades autónomas).
Nuevas citas y ampliación de la distribución conocida de Ropalóceros en la Comunidad Valenciana y provincia de Teruel
Authors: Montagud S. , García-Alamá J. A.
Published: April 2010

Se aporta información sobre 18 especies de ropalóceros presentes en la Comunidad Valenciana y provincia de Teruel. Algunas de estas especies se dan a conocer por vez primera de esta región, como es el caso de Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758), Erebia meolans (de Prunner, 1798), Polyommatus (Meleageria) daphnis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Laeosopis roboris (Esper, 1789), Nordmannia acaciae (Fabricius, 1787) y Plebeius hespericus (Rambur, 1839). Para el resto se amplía considerablemente su distribución conocida y/o se acompaña de algunos comentarios de interés sobre su biología: Euchloe belemia (Esper, 1800), Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851), Zegris eupheme (Esper, 1804), Colotis evagore (Klug, 1829), Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus 1758), Erebia epistygne (Hübner, 1819), Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758), Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782), Glaucopsyche (Iolana) iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816), Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771), Neozephyrus quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) y Plebeius (Aricia) morronensis Ribbe, 1910.
Una nueva especie del género Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) para la cuenca del Tajo (España Central)
Authors: Doadrio I. , Perea S. , Alonso F.
Published: April 2010

Se describe una nueva especie de Squalius en base a caracteres morfológicos y genéticos. Esta nueva especie está restringida al río Gallo (cuenca del Tajo) en el centro de España y difiere del resto de las especies ibéricas de Squalius en una serie de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos, tales como huesos infraorbitarios anchos pero que no cubren totalmente el músculo adductor mandibulae; siete escamas en la línea transversal superior, menor número de escamas en la línea lateral media = 39.8 (39-42); cabeza corta y ancha, siendo 4.3-4.9 (media = 4.5) veces la longitud estándar; longitud ventral-pectoral corta alcanzando 2.2-2.4 (media = 2.3) veces la longitud estándar. La nueva especie difiere de sus taxones más cercanos, en término de distancias geneticas GTR, en 20 posiciones nucleótidicas fijadas (autopomorfías moleculares) en el gen mitocondrial citocromo b. La divergencia genética entre la nueva especie descrita respecto a S. carolitertii y S. pyrenaicus para el gen citocromo b fue de 3.8% y 6.1% respectivamente. Esta nueva especie debería ser considerada En Peligro Crítico (CR) de acuerdo con las Categorías de la Lista Roja de la IUCN.
Expansión del alburno Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) en la península Ibérica: el papel de los embalses
Authors: Vinyoles D. , Robalo J. I. , De Sostoa A. , Almodóvar A. , Elvira B. , Nicola G. G. , Fernández-Delgado C. , Santos C. S. , Doadrio I. , Sardà-Palomera F. , Almada V. C.
Published: April 2010

Desde su aparición en un afluente de la cuenca del Ebro en 1992, el alburno Alburnus alburnus se ha expandido en gran parte de la península Ibérica. El presente trabajo aporta nueva información sobre su expansión (basada en el muestreo de 598 localidades mediante pesca eléctrica). Se facilita información detallada sobre su actual distribución en la cuenca del Ebro y en cuencas al este de los Pirineos, así como nuevas citas de tres grandes cuencas hidrográficas. De acuerdo a su actual distribución en la península Ibérica, el alburno habita en simpatría con 15 especies endémicas (el 58% del total de endemismos ibéricos). Se analiza la posible amenaza que el alburno representa para la ictiofauna ibérica, examinando los factores causantes de su rápida expansión, en especial el papel de los embalses.
Primera cita de Geoica setulosa (Passerini, 1860) en la península Ibérica (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae, Fordini)
Authors: Pérez Hidalgo N. , Espadaler X. , Nieto Nafría J. M.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
“Descubiertas” las hembras ovíparas de Xerobion georgii (Mier Durante & Nieto Nafría, 1991) (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae, Aphidini)
Authors: Pérez Hidalgo N. , Mier Durante M. P. , Nieto Nafría J. M.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Nueva sinonimia en Euconnus Thomson, 1859 (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae)
Authors: Alonso-Zarazaga M. A.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Homenaje a Racovitza
Authors: Martínez-Gil M. , Camacho A. I. , Valdecasas A. G.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Catálogo taxonómico-geográfico de los coleópteros de la familia Meloidae de México
Authors: García-París M. , Buckley D. , Parra-Olea G.
Published: April 2010

Se presenta un catálogo taxonómico de los representantes mexicanos de la familia Meloidae que incluye un listado revisado de sinonimias, localidades típicas y registros geográficos publicados de cada una de las especies. La fauna mexicana incluye en la actualidad 255 especies vivientes y una fósil, distribuidas en 21 géneros de las subfamilias Meloinae, Nemognathinae y Tetraonycinae. En el último catálogo general, Blackwelder (1945) recogió la presencia en México de 160 especies de esta familia, casi 100 especies menos de las que se conocen en la actualidad y sin embargo, la cifra actual parece encontrarse aún lejos de la real, ya que existen muchas especies ampliamente distribuidas al norte de la frontera con los Estados Unidos cuya presencia es muy probable en territorio mexicano.
En cuanto a la taxonomía y nomenclatura de las especies, en este catálogo se propone el uso de los nombres Epicauta dugesi Werner, 1957 y Tegrodera erosa extincta Beauregard, 1890; se incluyen tres sinonimias nuevas de Nemognatha chrysomeloides (Linnaeus, 1763) (N. atra Beauregard, 1890; N. pallidicollis Beauregard, 1890 y N. violacea Beauregard, 1890) y otra de E. dugesi (Epicauta tamara Adams & Selander, 1979); se designa lectotipo para Lytta koltzei var. minor Haag-Rutenberg, 1880 con el propósito de solucionar el problema taxonómico generado tras la designación inválida de lectotipo de L. k. var. cyanescens; y finalmente se consideran como especies posiblemente a excluir del listado de Meloidae de México a Cissites maculata (Swederus, 1787) y Tetraonyx (Tetraonyx) bimaculatus (Klug, 1825).
Quironómidos (Diptera, Chironomidae) de alta montaña de la Sierra de Estrela (Portugal) y adiciones a la fauna de Portugal y la Península Ibérica
Authors: Rieradevall M. , Chaves M. L. , Prat N.
Published: April 2010

Se presenta una lista de especies de Chironomidae (Diptera) recolectadas en los ríos de cabecera de zonas de alta montaña en la Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Con esta aportación se duplica la riqueza de especies regional conocida hasta el momento y se eleva la fauna de quironómidos del Portugal continental a 219 especies. Se incluyen dos nuevas citas para la Península Ibérica, una especie (Tvetenia duodenaria) y un subgénero –Psectrocladius (Mesopsectrocladius)–, y se confirma la presencia del género Natarsia. En los dos últimos casos se trata de larvas de taxones hasta el momento monoespecíficos en la región paleárctica, pero al no haberse recolectado pupas o adultos no se puede asegurar la identificación específica.
Nuevo grillo (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) para Castilla-La Mancha y la península Ibérica
Authors: Cordero P. J. , Llorente V. , Aparicio J. M.
Published: April 2010

Encontramos por primera vez en la península Ibérica Tartarogryllus tartarus (Saussure, 1874), especie de distribución disjunta en el área Turano-Mediterránea. Resumimos los distintos caracteres morfológicos utilizados para identificar esta especie y añadimos algunos nuevos para distinguirla de especies similares como Acheta domesticus y Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis. Destacamos la apertura timpánica interior en forma de ranura estrecha y poco perceptible en esta especie mientras que es redondeada en Acheta y en Eumodicogryllus. Habita cultivos de cereal y vegetación en zonas áridas alrededor de lagunas hipersalinas (Castilla-La Mancha, España). Los adultos emergen a partir de mediados de mayo con máxima actividad reproductiva a finales de este mes y en junio. Sugerimos que la especie puede tener una distribución más amplia en la península Ibérica en aquellas regiones que presentan el hábitat adecuado.
Dos nuevas especies de Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) de Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Simón Benito J. C. , Romera Becerro J.
Published: April 2010

Se han encontrado dos nueva especies de Pseudosinella (Collembola, Entomobryidae), P. lafargensis sp. n. y P. cementensis sp. n., en Castilla-La Mancha, en donde el número de citas de este género es muy reducido.
Catálogo de los Megachilidae del Mediterráneo occidental (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). III. Anthidiini y Dioxyini
Authors: Ornosa C. , Ortiz-Sánchez F. J. , Torres F.
Published: April 2010

El catálogo objeto de este trabajo es la tercera y última entrega de una serie de tres que los autores han realizado sobre la familia Megachilidae en el territorio comprendido corológicamente en el área mediterránea occidental, como base de la revisión que se está llevando a cabo sobre los megaquílidos ibéricos. En esta ocasión, se abordan las tribus Anthidiini y Dioxyini (subfamilia Megachilinae), constituidas por 9 géneros, 16 subgéneros y 58 especies en Anthidiini y 6 géneros y 15 especies en Dioxyini. Varias de las especies se hallan diferenciadas en poblaciones subespecíficas, que hacen un total que sobrepasa las 90 y también se tratan. De todos los taxones, además de la correspondiente discusión, si procede en cada caso, se incluye su lista sinonímica y su distribución geográfica (Tablas 1, 2, 3, 4).
Asimismo, y una vez finalizado el catálogo de los Megachilidae del Mediterráneo occidental (Ornosa et al., 2006, 2007 y el trabajo actual), se resumen los datos para el conjunto de estos apoideos, que está formado por 1 familia, 2 subfamilias, 5 tribus, 30 géneros, 65 subgéneros, 423 especies y 486 subespecies. La síntesis de los datos biogeográficos se trata en las tablas 5 y 6.
Sobre la validez del nombre Potomida littoralis (Cuvier, 1798) (Bivalvia, Unionidae)
Authors: Araujo R.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Patrones de distribución, abundancia y riqueza de especies de la avifauna terrestre de la isla de La Palma (islas Canarias)
Authors: Carrascal L. M. , Palomino D. , Polo V.
Published: April 2010

Se estiman los niveles poblacionales, las densidades ecológicas, los principales patrones de preferencia de hábitat, las posibles tendencias demográficas habidas en los últimos 25 y 15 años, y el estatus de conservación actual de las especies de aves terrestres diurnas reproductoras en la isla de La Palma. Los datos fueron obtenidos durante el periodo reproductor de 2007, utilizando transectos lineales. En total se efectuaron 437 transectos de 0,5 km repartidos por toda la isla atendiendo a sus formaciones ambientales, situación altitudinal, y posición geográfica.
Mediante curvas acumuladas del número de especies se explora la variación en la riqueza de especies. El ambiente con menor biodiversidad aviar es, con diferencia, el matorral altimontano. Por el contrario, los medios con mayor riqueza de especies son las medianías dedicadas a la agricultura y con casas dispersas. La variación local de la riqueza de aves (especies por transecto de 0,5 km) en la isla de La Palma tiene una importante componente geográfica (aumento del sur al norte y del oeste al este, con valores máximos a altitudes medias), asociándose además con el desarrollo de la vegetación especialmente en los estratos arbustivos y herbáceo, y estando negativamente influida por el desarrollo de la agricultura pero no por el urbanismo. La densidad total de aves alcanza sus máximos valores en la laurisilva (657 aves/km2), fayal-brezal (630 aves/km 2) y la transición pinar-laurisilva (509 aves/km2), mientras que los matorrales de alta montaña (153 aves/km2) y las lavas recientes (58 aves/km2) mantienen avifaunas poco densas. Las especies que tienen niveles poblacionales más críticos en la isla son Falco [peregrinus] pelegrinoides, Burhinus oedicnemus distinctus, Upupa epops, Carduelis carduelis, Miliaria calandra y Petronia petronia, habiendo manifestado las últimas cinco especies importantes regresiones en los últimos 15-25 años.
Sobre la morfología y la ultraestructura del huevo en algunas especies de Hemerobiidae (Insecta, Neuroptera)
Authors: Monserrat V. J.
Published: April 2010

Se describe y se compara la ultraestructura del huevo de cinco especies de Hemerobiidae pertenecientes a las subfamilias Drepanepteryginae: Gayomyia falcata (Blanchard en Gay, 1851), Hemerobiinae: Hemerobius bolivari Banks, 1910 y Hemerobius chilensis Nakahara, 1965, y Sympherobiinae: Sympherobius gayi Navás, 1910 y Nomerobius cuspidatus Oswald, 1990, aportando nuevos datos sobre este poco conocido aspecto en esta familia.
Se demuestra la existencia de caracteres diagnósticos y diferenciales en el huevo en estos taxa y su interés en la sistemática general de la familia.
Aportaciones al conocimiento del género Stagetus Wollaston, 1861 (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) en la península Ibérica
Authors: E Silva I. de F. , Serrano A. R. M. , Zahradník P.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Contribución al conocimiento de Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763) en el área cantábrica: distribución y características del hábitat de su larva (Planipennia, Osmylidae)
Authors: Miguélez D. , Valladares L. F.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Graells y Agenjo en GRAELLSIA
Authors: Izquierdo Moya I. , Martín Albaladejo C.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Hacia la Biblioteca Digital Universal en Historia Natural
Authors: Valdecasas A. G. , Ramos M. , Morón I.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Comentarios sobre Cnemeplatiini Jacquelin du Val, 1861 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) de la península Ibérica e islas Canarias
Authors: Ferrer J. , Castro Tovar A. , Lencina Gutiérrez J. L.
Published: April 2010

La composición taxonómica y distribución geográfica de los representantes de la tribu Cnemeplatiini en la Península Ibérica y Canarias, se establece tras el estudio de los tipos disponibles. Se corrigen varios errores de trabajos recientes. Cnemeplatia laticeps (Wollaston, 1857) descrita de Madeira, se cita como nuevo para la isla de La Palma, Islas Canarias. Cnemeplatia atropos Costa, 1847 es tratado como una especie válida. Cnemeplatia rufa Tournier, 1874 stat. rest. y C. mouchampsi Español 1948 stat. nov. son consideradas como especies válidas, no como subespecies geográficas de Cnemeplatia atropos Costa, 1847, en base a su morfología. El nombre Cnemeplatia rufa Tournier, 1874 tiene prioridad sobre C. atropos africana Kaszab, 1938 syn. nov. Se presentan figuras de los caracteres morfológicos discriminatorios para identificar las diferentes especies descritas de Europa y NO de África.
Aportaciones a la afidofauna íbero-balear (Hemiptera, Aphididae) a partir de las fotografías (y de sus metadatos) depositadas en el “Banco Taxonómico Faunístico Digital de los Invertebrados Ibéricos” (B.T.F.D.I.I)
Authors: Pérez Hidalgo N. , Umaran Á. , Mier Durante M. P. , Nieto Nafría J. M.
Published: April 2010

En el contexto de los estudios taxonómicos y faunísticos de pulgones del proyecto Fauna Ibérica, analizamos: 1) el grado de fiabilidad que se puede alcanzar en la identificación de las fotografías de pulgones depositadas en el Banco Taxonómico Faunístico Digital de los Invertebrados Ibéricos (B.T.F.D.I.I.), 2) la utilidad de la información faunística y las relaciones planta-pulgón; y 3) los posibles sesgos en cuanto a las especies fotografiadas.
Se han revisado 443 fotografías de pulgones o áfidos realizadas por 53 fotógrafos y depositadas hasta abril de 2009 en la carpeta Aphididae del B.T.F.D.I.I. La identificación se ha realizado exclusivamente “online” y de las 443 fotografías analizadas, 277 (el 62,5%) se han identificado hasta especie y 166 (el 37,5%) hasta género o familia. Se han identificado 65 especies, cuyos datos permiten que 28 especies amplíen el área de distribución conocida, en una o más provincias en la península Ibérica. Además se han establecido seis nuevas relaciones planta hospedadora-pulgón en nuestros territorios. La mayoría de las fotografías se realizan a especies polífagas y ampliamente distribuidas, a especies que presentan llamativas coloraciones y/o gran tamaño y a las malformaciones (agallas y pseudoagallas) que inducen en sus hospedadores.
Nuevos Laparocerus Schoenherr, 1834 de La Palma, islas Canarias (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)
Authors: Machado A.
Published: April 2010

Se describen 16 nuevos taxones del género Laparocerus, todos endémicos de la isla de La Palma: Laparocerus aeneotinctus n. sp., L. acyphus n. sp., L. femoralis n. sp., L. arrochai n. sp., L. cristatus n. sp., L. tanausu n. sp., L. elongatus n. sp., L. mucronatus n. sp., L. feloi n. sp., L. tarsalis n. sp., L. astralis n. sp., L. supranubius n. sp., L. orone aridane n. ssp., L. amicorum n. sp., L. decipiens n. sp. y L. morrisi n. sp. Se aporta una clave en español e inglés para la determinación de los representantes del género en dicha isla. Además, Laparocerus laevis politus Roudier, 1957 es sinonimizado con L. laevis Roudier, 1957.
Sobre la nomenclatura de algunos géneros de Cleonini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Lixinae)
Authors: Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. , H. C. Lyal C.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Mobile School Service
Authors: Vucetic Zoran , Odadzic Borislav
Published: April 2010

What is in common for the majority of young people? Mobile phone.

In epoch of rapid development of information technologies the time came in which only few people do not have mobiles, especially among young people in high schools. Researches which we made in our school say that this percentage (rate) is really high 99,23% at this moment. The educational institutions should use this opportunity. In aim to improve the success of students the mobile service is developed, which will be described in this work.

This is first result which provides a cognitive tool which is supporting the independent learning by applying mobile phones with wireless communication technology to extend learning outside of the classroom in Serbia.

The service was developed during times when we didnâ??t know anything about how much and in which way m-learning was being used in the world.
USE OF MR CHOLANGIOGRAPHY IN LIVING-RELATED LIVER DONORS — COMPARISON WITH INTRAOPERATIVE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Mo Yuan Heng , Wang Yung Cheng , Peng Shinn Forng , Jaw Fu Shan
Published: April 2010

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in the preoperative evaluation of the living-related liver donors to reduce postoperative morbidity and complications. Though invasive, intraoperative cholangiography is still the golden standard in demonstrating anatomical variation of bile ducts. We design this study to compare the validity and reliability between these two imaging modalities and retrospectively searched the database of living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) center during the period from April 2005 to September 2008. The clinical information and images of total 58 donors (female : male = 35 : 23) were reviewed. Five types of branching patterns of the bile ducts were encountered. The rate of disagreement in the classification of branching pattern between MR and intraoperative cholangiography was 5% (3/58). Intraoperative cholangiography could detect significantly more division degree of right hepatic ducts (mean degree: 7) than MR cholangiography (mean degree: 4) (using paired t-test, p < 0.05). No significant difference existed in the detection of division degree of left hepatic ducts. However, MR cholangiography was significantly better than intraoperative cholangiography in demonstrating major branches of the left hepatic ducts including tributaries of segment 2 and 3 (58/58 versus 35/58) (using McNemar's chi-square test, p < 0.05). We conclude that MR cholangiography is nearly as good as intraoperative cholangiography in identifying the branching pattern of bile ducts, and demonstrates the major left hepatic ducts better.
A Steady State of CD4+ T Cell Memory Maturation and Activation Is Established during Primary Subtype C HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Maenetje Pholo , Riou Catherine , Casazza Joseph P. , Ambrozak David , Hill Brenna , Gray Glenda , Koup Richard A. , de Bruyn Guy , Gray Clive M.
Published: April 2010

The functional integrity of CD4+ T cells is crucial for well-orchestrated immunity and control of HIV-1 infection, but their selective depletion during infection creates a paradox for understanding a protective response. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to measure activation, memory maturation, and multiple functions of total and Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in 14 HIV-1– and CMV- coinfected individuals at 3 and 12 mo post HIV-1 infection. Primary HIV-1 infection was characterized by elevated levels of CD38, HLA-DR, and Ki67 in total memory and Gag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In both HIV-infected and 15 uninfected controls, the frequency of activated cells was uniformly distributed among early differentiated (ED; CD45RO+CD27+), late differentiated (CD45RO+CD27−), and fully differentiated effector (CD45RO−CD27−) memory CD4+ T cells. In HIV-1–infected individuals, activated CD4+ T cells significantly correlated with viremia at 3 mo postinfection (r = 0.79, p = 0.0007) and also harbored more gag provirus DNA copies than nonactivated cells (p = 0.04). Moreover, Gag-specific ED CD4+ T cells inversely associated with plasma viral load (r = −0.87, p < 0.0001). Overall, we show that low copy numbers of gag provirus and plasma RNA copies associated with low CD4 activation as well as accumulation of ED HIV-specific CD4+ memory. Significant positive correlations between 3 and 12 mo activation and memory events highlighted that a steady state of CD4+ T cell activation and memory maturation was established during primary infection and that these cells were unlikely to be involved in influencing the course of viremia in the first 12 mo of HIV-1 infection.
Multidimensional Exponential Inequalities with Weights
Authors: Luor Dah-Chin
Published: April 2010

We establish sufficient conditions on the weight functionsuandvfor the validity of the multidimensional weighted inequality

where 0 <p,q< ∞, Φ is a logarithmically convex function, andTkis an integral operator over star-shaped regions. The condition is also necessary for the exponential integral inequality. Moreover, the estimation ofCis given and we apply the obtained results to generalize some multidimensional Levin–Cochran-Lee type inequalities.
Density of Polynomial Maps
Authors: Chuang Chen-Lian , Lee Tsiu-Kwen
Published: April 2010

Let R be a dense subring of End(DV), where V is a left vector space over a division ring D. If dimDV = ∞, then the range of any nonzero polynomial ƒ (X1, … , Xm) on R is dense in End(DV). As an application, let R be a prime ring without nonzero nil one-sided ideals and 0 ≠ a ∈ R. If a f (x1, … , xm)n(xi) = 0 for all x1, … , xm ∈ R, where n(xi ) is a positive integer depending on x1, … , xm, then ƒ (X1, … , Xm) is a polynomial identity of R unless R is a finite matrix ring over a finite field.
Microbial growth and macromolecular synthesis in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean1
Authors: Cuhel Russell L. , Jannasch Holger W. , Taylor Craig D. , Lean David R. S.
Published: April 2010

Simultaneous time‐course measurements of 35SO42−, 32PO43−,15NH4+ and [14C]acetate, glucose, and glutamate uptake were made at three stations in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, using water samples taken from well below the euphotic zone. Marked deviations from linearity were observed in 14 of the 15 cases. At the two most inshore stations uptake of 15NH4+ or incorporation of 35SO42− into protein was undetectable for 16–30 h, followed by very rapid increases in the rates of activity. The sudden burst of SO42− and NH4+ uptake was accompanied by a major increase in the incorporation of 32P into RNA and lipid fractions of the microbial population at a continental slope station. At a station in the Sargasso Sea, all substrates were taken up without lag. Extended incubations led to a growth plateau which may be a measure of the total biologically labile organic nutrient supply. In all cases tested, chloramphenicol severely restricted uptake.

One of the inshore stations was revisited a year later with similar results. The combined data demonstrate the utility of using inorganic nutrient uptake and subcellular incorporation patterns to measure microbial growth and metabolism and stress the necessity of time‐course rather than end‐point incubations.
Characterization of feeding activity patterns in the planktonic copepod Centropages typicus Kroyer under various food conditions1
Authors: Cowles Timothy J. , Strickier J. Rudi
Published: April 2010

High‐speed (500 frames · s−1) cinematography of particle capture by Centropages typicus revealed that cells of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium nelsoni were captured via a rapid extension of the second maxillae after particle detection. The capture sequence requires <14 ms, and appendage movement (55 Hz) continues during capture. Slow‐speed (20 frames · s−1) cinematographic analysis of the feeding behavior of C. typicus showed that the copepod spent at least 95% of its time alternating between periods of rhythmic mouthpart movement and periods of no mouthpart movement. Intervals of activity lasted from 0.1 to 10 s, but the duration of activity was highly dependent on the species and concentration of food available to the copepod. The results suggest considerable plasticity in the temporal partitioning of feeding activity.
Some further observations on diaptomid body size and clutch size relationships1
Authors: Maly Edward J.
Published: April 2010

Plankton samples were taken from lakes and ponds near Montreal in 1978 and 1979. Length and clutch size of all calanoid copepod species, and egg diameters of two common species were measured. Correlations of clutch size and female length vary widely among lakes and sampling dates, but tend to be highly positive in populations increasing in body size and low or negative in populations decreasing in body size. It is concluded that optimum adult size is not always found: conditions favoring large or small individuals during development may change, resulting in “too large” or “too small” reproductively mature individuals.
Chemical speciation of antimony in marine algae
Authors: Kantin Roger
Published: April 2010

An atomic absorption‐hydride generation technique was devised with an air/hydrogen flame system for determination of the speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) in marine algae. Antimony(III) is determined selectively at pH 4, total antimony after low temperature ashing of the dry algae using electrically excited oxygen atoms. Detection limits are 0.05 ng ± 10%. For the three marine algae (Ulva sp., Enteromorpha sp., and Sargassum sp.) sampled in San Diego Bay (California) seawater, Sb(V) is dominant. However, Sargassum sp. can contain up to 30% of Sb(III), showing an ability to form reduced compounds and therefore a possible role in the cycling of antimony in coastal waters.
Estimates of phytoplankton N uptake based on 14CO2 incorporation into protein
Authors: DiTullio Giacomo R. , Laws Edward A.
Published: April 2010

The feasibility of estimating phytoplankton N uptake in N‐limited systems by measuring the rate of 14CO2 incorporation into protein was studied using laboratory cultures and field populations. The accuracy of the method depends on the fact that the N:C ratio in protein is remarkably constant and that under N limitation a rather constant percentage (85%) of phytoplankton N is incorporated into protein. Results showed that incubations of 5–6 h are required to yield accurate estimates of N uptake due to internal cycling of amino acids before that. Estimates of phytoplankton N:C ratios based on field studies implied a positive correlation between distance from land and degree of N limitation.
Hydrodynamic processes affecting benthic recruitment1
Authors: Eckman James E.
Published: April 2010

Recruitment of animals into initially dofaunated sites containing simulated stalks of a marsh grass was studied on an intertidal sandflat. Laboratory flume experiments were used to predict the effects of these structures on near‐bed flow, the sediment size‐frequency composition, and the patterns and rates of benthic recruitment. The effects of simulated stalks on both rates of fluid transport near the bed and boundary shear stress change profoundly with their numerical density. Patterns of sedimentation in the field and patterns and rates of recruitment of several taxa depended strongly on the presence and numerical density of these structures, in agreement with a priori predictions assuming passive (i.e. purely hydrodynamic) dispersal. Hydrodynamic (or other physical) effects of manipulation are important and form an additional, but infrequently posed, null hypothesis against which biological effects such as substrate selection, competition, predation, or disturbance should be tested.
Observations of transport to surface waters from a plunging inflow to Lake Mead1
Authors: Fischer Hugo B. , Smith Robert D.
Published: April 2010

Algae growing in the surface water of Las Vegas Bay, an arm of Lake Mead, may receive nutrients contained in the stream entering through Las Vegas Wash. The stream water is more dense than the lake water due to dissolved salts. Existing hydrodynamic theory predicts that the stream should form a submerged layer isolating the nutrients from the surface. The theory was tested by introducing dye into the stream during two 14‐day experiments; salinity, temperature, and dye concentration were monitored in the inner portion of the bay. Significant dye concentrations were found in the surface waters during both experiments, and two modes of internal waves with amplitudes up to 6 m were observed. The wave motion provided the main mechanism for transport to the surface in the first experiment; in the second an additional mechanism was the creation and destruction of temporary thermoclines due to meteorological variation. An approximate nutrient balance shows that in each case about 10% of the entering nutrients were available to the surface water within the 14‐day period of the experiments.
Incorporation and deposition of Mn and other trace metals by flocculent organic matter in a controlled marine ecosystem1
Authors: Hunt Carlton D.
Published: April 2010

An experiment in large (13 m3) cylinders with and without sediment has shown that dissolved Mn can be rapidly transferred to the particulate phase following a Skeletonerna costatum bloom. Flocculeut organic particulate matter derived from the bloom is implicated in the transfer processes. The kinetics of the phase transition arc first order with a rate constant of 5 × 10−6·s−1. Deposition of particulate Mn was slower than the transfer rate to the particulate phase. Particulate Cu and Pb also increased following the bloom. The results suggest that the removal of Mn and certain other metals from the water column of the nearshore and open ocean may be associated with flocculent organic particles derived from phytoplankton. Deposition of Mn was more rapid in the microcosm with sediments than in the one without sediment, indicating that resuspension of sediments acts to increase Mn deposition rates.
Day‐to‐day variations in the spring‐summer photosynthetic parameters of coastal marine phytoplankton
Authors: Côté Brenda , Platt Trevor
Published: April 2010

The day‐to‐day variations over a 70‐day period in the parameters describing the light‐saturation curve of natural assemblages of coastal marine phytoplankton were examined and related to changing environmental conditions. The initial slope, αB, and the light‐saturated rate, PmB, both showed a threefold variation. Correlation and regression analysis attributed most of the variation in αB and PmB to factors relating to community structure. Changes in community structure resulting from the normal progression of spring‐summer conditions were interrupted periodically by transient physical phenomena (passage of storms, periods of up‐welling, etc.). The importance of physical transients to the short term dynamics of the phytoplankton production system places severe constraints on the development of predictive models of phytoplankton production.
The effect of Heterocope predation on zooplankton communities in arctic ponds1
Authors: Luecke Chris , O'Brien W. John
Published: April 2010

The influence of Heterocope septentrionalis, a predacious calanoid copepod, on five species of arctic pond zooplankton is investigated. Prey species coexisting with Heterocope are relatively invulnerable to predation, but prey species found in Heterocope‐free ponds are very susceptible to predation. Increasing hunger level of the predator resulted in higher Heterocope feeding rates on Daphnia pulex. In experiments at 5°, 10°, and 15°C Heterocope fed at a greater rate on cladoceran prey at higher temperatures, but there was no effect of temperature for copepod prey. Visual observations showed that D. pulex is more vulnerable to Heterocope predation than Daphnia middendorffiana because of its smaller adult size and its inability to escape the grasp of Heterocope. A field experiment suggested that D. pulex would probably be excluded from ponds containing Heterocope, but D. middendorffiana could increase its population density even in the presence of the predator.
A bubble adsorption device for the isolation of surface‐active organic matter in seawater1
Authors: Gershey Robert M.
Published: April 2010

A new sampling device uses a bubble adsorptive technique to produce from seawater aerosols that are enriched with surface‐active organic matter. The bubble‐breaking, droplet‐ejecting mechanism of this sampler operationally defines the samples in such a way as to make them relevant to the sea‐to‐air transport process at the surface of the ocean. Concentration factors for organic carbon of at least 100 have been obtained for aerosols generated from seawater of Halifax Harbour. The device produces bubbles of known size distribution, can be operated at sea, and can process large quantities of seawater by means of a continuous flow pumping system.
Competition for phosphorus among co‐occurring freshwater phytoplankton1
Authors: Smith Ralph E. H. , Kalff Jaap
Published: April 2010

Competition at different levels of phosphorus availability was observed in continuous cultures of freshwater phytoplankton communities. Although dilution rates ranged 10‐fold in all, the outcome of competition was usually similar among cultures and resulted in dominance of the small diatom Synedra acus. Species growth rates decreased significantly with increasing cell, or colony, size among the 16 species examined. A variable internal stores model of algal growth, combined with functions relating its species‐specific parameters to cell size, correctly predicted the observed inverse correlation between cell size and competitive ability. The model’s predictions, and the empirical correlation between size and growth, were poor at low dilution rates (<0.2–0.3 d−1), probably due to cell death. The results indicated that variation of phosphorus supply is unlikely to be a major selective influence on the size or species composition of uniformly phosphorus‐limited communities.
Sedimentation, accretion, and subsidence in marshes of Barataria Basin, Louisiana1
Authors: Hatton R. S. , DeLaune R. D. , Patrick W. H.
Published: April 2010

Vertical accretion and sediment accumulation rates were determined from the distribution of 137Cs in cores collected from freshwater, intermediate, brackish, and salt marshes in the Barataria Basin, Louisiana. Vertical accretion rates vary from about 1.3 cm · yr−1 in levee areas to 0.7 in backmarshes. Mineral sediment content of the marsh soil profile decreased with distance from the coast. However, vertical accretion rates were about equivalent in areas of the same type. Autochthonous organic matter appears to be an important factor defining the process and rate of vertical accretion, especially in the freshwater marshes. Except in natural levee areas, marsh accretion rates are less than subsidence measured by water level data, however this alone cannot account for observed land‐loss patterns in the basin area.
Light and the annual variation of oxygen‐ and carbon‐based measurements of productivity in a macrophyte‐dominated river1
Authors: Kelly Mahlon G. , Thyssen Niels , Moeslund Bjarne
Published: April 2010

Daily integrals of primary productivity were measured for 369 days in the macrophyte‐dominated Gryde River (NW Jutland, Denmark) between July 1979 and September 1980. All seasons were distinct, with high primary productivity during summer, a gradual transition in autumn, low primary productivity in winter, and a rapid transition to summer conditions during April. Those seasons corresponded with the condition of the macrophytes, with high biomass and surface area during summer, a gradual decline in autumn, senescence during winter, and development of new shoots during April and May. The remarkably constant relationship between daily integrals of primary productivity and light (in comparison with that in rivers without macrophytes) could be described during both summer and winter by a hyperbolic equation, with more shade adaptation but less maximum photosynthesis during winter than during summer. The hyperbolic relationship held for both oxygen‐ and carbon‐based measurements. The mean value for the photosynthetic quotient (P.Q.) was close to one, suggesting little transport of oxygen and inorganic carbon to or from roots. We could not discern effects on primary productivity of other variables such as temperature, which seemed unimportant in comparison to light.
Estimation of size‐specific mortality rates in zooplankton populations by periodic sampling1
Authors: Lynch Michael
Published: April 2010

Many populations of small, mobile organisms cannot be analyzed with standard demographic techniques. A method is introduced for estimating patterns of size‐specific mortality for such species from periodic samples. The technique does not require that individuals be marked or recaptured and may be extended to age and other quantitative characters so long as the class distribution of the population and the rate of flux of individuals between classes can be accurately determined. The most serious difficulty in applying the technique seems to be the ability to sample adequately populations that are patchy in space. However, even if the problem of patchiness cannot be eliminated, so long as the size‐frequency distribution can be accurately described, the technique generates the correct pattern of size‐specific mortality and will provide minimum estimates of mortality for the different classes. Preliminary results presented for four species of planktonic cladocerans suggest that more widespread application of the technique may allow an empirical test of the assumptions on which zooplankton community theory is based.
The effects of dinoflagellate bioluminescence on the swimming behavior of a marine copepod1
Authors: Buskey Edward , Mills Lesley , Swift Elijah
Published: April 2010

The horizontal swimming patterns of groups of Acartia hudsonica were tracked and described using a video‐computer system. The patterns were compared in the presence of clones of bioluminescent and nonbioluminescent Protogonyaulax tamarensis. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates increased the number of high‐speed swimming bursts by the copepods and thus decreased the amount of slow‐speed swimming characteristic of their grazing behavior. With bioluminescent dinoflagellates, swimming paths were less circuitous and swimming speeds higher. This behavior may tend to move copepods away from bioluminescent dinoflagellates in nature. Both changes in swimming behavior should result in reduced grazing by the copepods on bioluminescent dinoflagellates.
Daphnia hemoglobin concentration as a function of depth and oxygen availability in Arco Lake, Minnesota1
Authors: Landon M. Steven , Stasiak Richard H.
Published: April 2010

Hemoglobin synthesis by Daphnia pulex is common in temporary ponds where oxygen is limited, resulting in animals with bright red pigmentation. Arco Lake is not oxygen‐limited in the upper 5 m but has maintained a population of red D. pulex for several years. Relative densities of Daphnia over time were determined from inverted funnel traps suspended at 0.5‐m depth intervals. The majority of the population stratified at 6.5 m, where the mean oxygen was 0.47 mg · liter−1. Hemoglobin concentrations in the lowest levels ranged from 60 to 155 mg Hb · g−1. Those individuals which migrated the greatest distances into the higher oxygen levels maintained the smallest concentrations of hemoglobin. The lack of visual predators in Arco Lake apparently allowed relatively high basal hemoglobin concentrations (ca. 23 mg Hb · g−1) even in those Daphnia lacking access to low oxygen concentrations.
Methane oxidation rates in the anaerobic sediments of Saanich Inlet1
Authors: Devol Allan H.
Published: April 2010

Anaerobic methane oxidation rates were determined in the anoxic sediments of Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. Rate profiles had a definite maximum at 15 cm which corresponded to previously observed subsurface local maxima in sulfate reduction rate. The data clearly indicate that anaerobic methane oxidation was occurring at the base of the sulfate reduction zone in these sediments. Furthermore, the coincidence of maxima in the methane oxidation rate and the sulfate reduction rate strongly suggests that the methane oxidizing agent was sulfate, either via direct reaction or coupled indirectly through reactions with other substrates.
Sinking rates of organic particles1
Authors: Lorenzen Carl J. , Welschmeyer Nicholas A. , Copping Andrea E. , Vernet Maria
Published: April 2010

The flux of organic particles collected by sediment traps decreases in a nonlinear fashion with depth. This implies a loss of organic carbon with time as the particles sink. Samples of such particles held in the laboratory or left in situ do in fact decay, showing a significant loss of carbon.

Particles were collected in the upper 1,000 m of the water column with sediment traps south of the Hawaiian Islands. Aliquots from the traps were placed in combusted glass bottles and returned to the depths from which they were collected. After 5 days the bottles were recovered and the carbon content determined. On the average, about 30% of the particulate carbon was lost during the experiment.

With this knowledge of the decay rate, one can estimate the expected change in “apparent carbon flux” with time. This in combination with the measured vertical flux can be used to calculate the depth interval required for this change to occur. Average sinking rates of 92 m · d1 were thus estimated.
Optical efficiency factors of some phytoplankters1
Authors: Bricaud Annick , Morel Andre , Prieur Louis
Published: April 2010

Absorption and total scattering coefficients of four phytoplankton species grown in batch cultures were measured simultaneously. Backscattering coefficients were obtained by using an integrating sphere. These coefficients are transformed into specific coefficients, i.e. related to a unit of concentration in chlorophyll a, and also into dimensionless efficiency factors characteristic of the cells. The specific coefficients differ noticeably from one species to another. Total scattering and backscattering coefficients are clearly depressed near and inside the absorption bands. These minima can be interpreted by combining the theory of anomalous dispersion with Mie‐Lorentz theory applied to polydisperse suspensions. The backscattering efficiency (ratio of backseattering to total scattering) of algal cells appears to be very low (typically <0.1%). These different results must be taken into consideration when interpreting and modeling the optical properties of seawater, particularly ocean color. They also must be considered when modeling photosynthesis, since the variations in the light‐harvesting ability of the cells intervene directly in the quantum yield estimate.