bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mid-Cretaceous carbon cycle perturbations and Oceanic Anoxic Events recorded in southern Tibet
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Chen Kefan , Hu Dongping , Sha Jingeng
Published: December 2016

The organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg) curve for ~1.7-km-thick mid-Cretaceous strata of the Chaqiela section in Gamba area, southern Tibet is presented in this study. C-isotopic chemostratigraphic correlation combined with biostratigraphic constraints show that the Chaqiela section spans early Aptian through early Campanian period, and that almost all of the carbon cycle perturbations and Oceanic Anoxic Events during the mid-Cretaceous period are well recorded in the continental margin area of the southeastern Tethys Ocean. Significantly, two levels of methane-derived authigenic carbonates were identified at the onset of OAE1b near the Aptian-Albian boundary. We suggest that an increase in methane release from gas hydrates, potentially driven by sea-level fall and bottom water temperature increase, may have contributed to the large negative δ13Corg excursions and global warming during OAE1b.
Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement
Authors: van Hooidonk Ruben , Maynard Jeffrey , Tamelander Jerker , Gove Jamison , Ahmadia Gabby , Raymundo Laurie , Williams Gareth , Heron Scott F. , Planes Serge
Published: December 2016

Increasingly frequent severe coral bleaching is among the greatest threats to coral reefs posed by climate change. Global climate models (GCMs) project great spatial variation in the timing of annual severe bleaching (ASB) conditions; a point at which reefs are certain to change and recovery will be limited. However, previous model-resolution projections (~1 × 1°) are too coarse to inform conservation planning. To meet the need for higher-resolution projections, we generated statistically downscaled projections (4-km resolution) for all coral reefs; these projections reveal high local-scale variation in ASB. Timing of ASB varies >10 years in 71 of the 87 countries and territories with >500 km2 of reef area. Emissions scenario RCP4.5 represents lower emissions mid-century than will eventuate if pledges made following the 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference (COP21) become reality. These pledges do little to provide reefs with more time to adapt and acclimate prior to severe bleaching conditions occurring annually. RCP4.5 adds 11 years to the global average ASB timing when compared to RCP8.5; however, >75% of reefs still experience ASB before 2070 under RCP4.5. Coral reef futures clearly vary greatly among and within countries, indicating the projections warrant consideration in most reef areas during conservation and management planning.
Improved detection of circulating tumor cells in non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Kuske Andra , Gorges Tobias M. , Tennstedt Pierre , Tiebel Anne-Kathrin , Pompe Raisa , Preißer Felix , Prues Sandra , Mazel Martine , Markou Athina , Lianidou Evi , Peine Sven , Alix-Panabières Catherine , Riethdorf Sabine , Beyer Burkhard , Schlomm Thorsten , Pantel Klaus
Published: December 2016

The relevance of blood-based assays to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) in non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Proving that clinically relevant circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be detected with available technologies could address this. This study aimed to improve CTC detection in non-metastatic PCa patients by combining three independent CTC assays: the CellSearch system, an in vivo CellCollector and the EPISPOT. Peripheral blood samples from high-risk PCa patients were screened for CTCs before and three months after radical prostatectomy (RP). Combining the results of both time points, CTCs were detected in 37%, 54.9% and 58.7% of patients using CellSearch, CellCollector and EPISPOT, respectively. The cumulative positivity rate of the three CTC assays was 81.3% (87/107) with 21.5% (23/107) of patients harboring ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml blood. Matched pair analysis of 30 blood samples taken before and after surgery indicated a significant decrease in CTCs captured by the CellCollector from 66% before RP to 34% after therapy (p = 0.031). CTC detection by EPISPOT before RP significantly correlated with PSA serum values (p < 0.0001) and clinical tumor stage (p = 0.04), while the other assays showed no significant correlations. In conclusion, CTC-based liquid biopsies have the potential to monitor MRD in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer.
Polypyrrole-assisted oxygen electrocatalysis on perovskite oxides
Authors: Lee Dong-Gyu , Kim Su Hwan , Joo Se Hun , Ji Ho-Il , Tavassol Hadi , Jeon Yuju , Choi Sihyuk , Lee Myeong-Hee , Kim Chanseok , Kwak Sang Kyu , Kim Guntae , Song Hyun-Kon
Published: December 2016

The overpotentials of the oxygen reduction on perovskite oxide catalysts were significantly reduced simply by mixing the catalyst particles with polypyrrole/carbon composites (pPy/C).
In silico kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): M06-2X investigation
Authors: Sviatenko L. K. , Gorb L. , Leszczynska D. , Okovytyy S. I. , Shukla M. K. , Leszczynski J.
Published: December 2016

The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane were predicted under different conditions.
Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of bengamide analogues and their epimers
Authors: Phi Thi Dao , Doan Thi Mai Huong , Tran Van Hieu , Truong Bich Ngan , Tran Tuan Anh , Vu Van Loi , Chau Van Minh , Pham Van Cuong
Published: December 2016

The C-2′ of the lactam rings and the flexibility of polyketide chain should be critical for the cytotoxicity of bengamides.
Heck functionalization of an asymmetric aza-BODIPY core: synthesis of far-red infrared probes for bioimaging applications
Authors: Parisotto Stefano , Lace Beatrice , Artuso Emma , Lombardi Chiara , Deagostino Annamaria , Scudu Roberto , Garino Claudio , Medana Claudio , Prandi Cristina
Published: December 2016

Heck functionalization of azadipyrromethenes (aza-DIPY) allows the introduction of suitable functional groups to convert aza-BODIPY in bioconjugate complexes.
Formylation of phenols using formamidine acetate
Authors: Mehr S. Hessam M. , Depmeier Hannah , Fukuyama Katsuya , Maghami Mahboobeh , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: December 2016

Formylation of phenol-derivatives with formamidine acetate readily yields phenol-formaldehyde derivatives, and is effective for polyformylation of substrates.
Click chemistry synthesis, stereocomplex formation, and enhanced thermal properties of well-defined poly(l-lactic acid)-b-poly(d-lactic acid) stereo diblock copolymers
Authors: Han Lili , Xie Qing , Bao Jianna , Shan Guorong , Bao Yongzhong , Pan Pengju
Published: December 2016

PLLA-b-PDLAs with well-controlled molecular weights, compositions, highly enhanced stereocomplexation ability, and thermal resistance were synthesized by ROP and click chemistry.
Polymerisation of a terpene-derived lactone: a bio-based alternative to ε-caprolactone
Authors: Quilter Helena C. , Hutchby Marc , Davidson Matthew G. , Jones Matthew D.
Published: December 2016

A high-yielding 4-step process for converting a naturally occurring terpene, β-pinene, into a substituted ε-caprolactone is herein reported.
Structural and thermoelectric properties of n-type isocubanite CuFe2S3
Authors: Barbier Tristan , Berthebaud David , Frésard Raymond , Lebedev Oleg I. , Guilmeau Emmanuel , Eyert Volker , Maignan Antoine
Published: December 2016

An effective strategy to enhance thermoelectric performance consists of scattering phonons by point defects, such as the ones intrinsic to the n-type isocubanite CuFe2S3.
Chiroptical luminescent nanostructured cellulose films
Authors: Lizundia Erlantz , Nguyen Thanh-Dinh , Vilas Jose L. , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: December 2016

Chiroptical luminescent hybrid films were made from the hydrothermal synthesis of N-containing carbon dots (N-CDs) and their co-assembly with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).
Multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures: promising platforms for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jiangyan , Tang Hongjie , Wang Huan , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan
Published: December 2016

Multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries can improve the capacity, stability and rate capability simultaneously.
Ring-opening selenation of cyclobutanols: synthesis of γ-selenylated alkyl ketones through C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Wu Zhen , Zhu Chen
Published: December 2016

An efficient, practical, and operationally simple manganese-mediated ring-opening selenation of cyclobutanols is disclosed.
An efficient approach to generate aryl carbenes: gold-catalyzed sequential activation of 1,6-diynes
Authors: Cao Tongxiang , Chen Kai , Zhu Shifa
Published: December 2016

An efficient approach to generate aryl gold carbenes has been developed.
Effects of structural changes of new organophosphorus cationic exchangers on a solvent extraction of cobalt, nickel and manganese from acidic chloride media
Authors: Omelchuk Kateryna , Szczepański Piotr , Shrotre Akhilesh , Haddad Mansour , Chagnes Alexandre
Published: December 2016

The effects of structural changes of organophosphorus cationic exchangers on metal-distribution curves (extraction efficiencyvs.pH) have been investigated for the recovery of cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and manganese(ii) from acidic chloride solutions.
Light responsive metal–organic frameworks as controllable CO-releasing cell culture substrates
Authors: Diring Stéphane , Carné-Sánchez Arnau , Zhang JiCheng , Ikemura Shuya , Kim Chiwon , Inaba Hiroshi , Kitagawa Susumu , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: December 2016

Carbon monoxide-releasing metal–organic frameworks are developed for investigating gas biology at the single cell level.
Direct conversion of syngas to DME: synthesis of new Cu-based hybrid catalysts using Fehling’s solution, elimination of the calcination step
Authors: Asthana Sonal , Samanta Chanchal , Voolapalli Ravi Kumar , Saha Basudeb
Published: December 2016

A facile new method for the synthesis of nanostructured Cu2O–ZnO and Cu2O–ZnO–MgO catalysts has been described.
Vanadia–titania multilayer nanodecoration of carbon onions via atomic layer deposition for high performance electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Fleischmann Simon , Tolosa Aura , Zeiger Marco , Krüner Benjamin , Peter Nicolas J. , Grobelsek Ingrid , Quade Antje , Kruth Angela , Presser Volker
Published: December 2016

Atomic layer deposition enables conformal nano-controlled decoration of carbon onions with alternating vanadia and titania layers. 25 mass% TiO2 expands the VO2 unit cell and enhances the lithium intercalation capacity and kinetics.
Light assisted rechargeable batteries: a proof of concept with BODIPY derivatives acting as a combined photosensitizer and electrical storage unit
Authors: Godet-Bar T. , Leprêtre J.-C. , Poizot P. , Massuyeau F. , Faulques E. , Christen A. , Minassian F. , Poisson J.-F. , Loiseau F. , Lafolet F.
Published: December 2016

Photosensitive dye based boron dipyrromethene polymer has been investigated in the scope of photo-assisted rechargeable batteries.
3rd generation poly(ethylene imine)s for gene delivery
Authors: Bus Tanja , Englert Christoph , Reifarth Martin , Borchers Philipp , Hartlieb Matthias , Vollrath Antje , Hoeppener Stephanie , Traeger Anja , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: December 2016

In this study, a series of high molar mass poly(2-oxazoline)-based copolymers was synthesized, introducing 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, ethylene imine, and primary amine bearing monomer units representing a new generation of PEI.
Biodegradable porous silk microtubes for tissue vascularization
Authors: Bosio V. E. , Brown J. , Rodriguez M. J. , Kaplan D. L.
Published: December 2016

Silk fibroin scaffolds derived fromBombyx moribased on silk–PEO blends are developed as biodegradable porous tunable microtubes by gel spinning for vasculature needs.
A sensitive red light nano-photodetector propelled by plasmonic copper nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Dan-Dan , Ge Cai-Wang , Wu Guo-An , Li Zhi-Peng , Wang Jiu-Zhen , Zhang Teng-Fei , Yu Yong-Qiang , Luo Lin-Bao
Published: December 2016

A high-performance red light nano-photodetector was constructed by modifying a multi-layer graphene (MLG)–CdSe nanoribbon Schottky junction with hexagonal copper nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR).
Influences of Tone on Vowel Articulation in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Shaw Jason A. , Chen Wei-rong , Proctor Michael I. , Derrick Donald
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Models of speech production often abstract away from shared physiology in pitch control and lingual articulation, positing independent control of tone and vowel units. We assess the validity of this assumption in Mandarin Chinese by evaluating the stability of lingual articulation for vowels across variation in tone.

Method

Electromagnetic articulography was used to track flesh points on the tongue (tip, body, dorsum), lips, and jaw while native Mandarin speakers (n= 6) produced 3 vowels, /pa/, /pi/, /pu/, combined with 4 Mandarin tones: T1 “high,” T2 “rising,” T3 “low,” and T4 “falling.”

Results

Consistent with physiological expectations, tones that begin low, T2 and T3, conditioned a lower position of the tongue body for the vowel /a/. For the vowel /i/, we found the opposite effect, whereby tones that begin low, T2 and T3, conditioned a higher tongue body position.

Conclusions

The physiology of pitch control exerts systematic variation on the lingual articulation of /a/ across tones. The effects of tone on /i/ articulation are in the opposite direction predicted by physiological considerations. Physiologically arbitrary variation of the type observed for /i/ challenges the assumption that phonetic patterns can be determined by independent control of tone (source) and vowel (filter) production units.
Auditory Training With Multiple Talkers and Passage-Based Semantic Cohesion
Authors: Casserly Elizabeth D. , Barney Erin C.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Current auditory training methods typically result in improvements to speech recognition abilities in quiet, but learner gains may not extend to other domains in speech (e.g., recognition in noise) or self-assessed benefit. This study examined the potential of training involving multiple talkers and training emphasizing discourse-level top-down processing to produce more generalized learning.

Method

Normal-hearing participants (
N
= 64) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 auditory training protocols using noise-vocoded speech simulating the processing of an 8-channel cochlear implant: sentence-based single-talker training, training with 24 different talkers, passage-based transcription training, and a control (transcribing unvocoded sentence materials). In all cases, participants completed 2 pretests under cochlear implant simulation, 1 hr of training, and 5 posttests to assess perceptual learning and cross-context generalization.

Results

Performance above the control was seen in all 3 experimental groups for sentence recognition in quiet. In addition, the multitalker training method generalized to a context word-recognition task, and the passage training method caused gains in sentence recognition in noise.

Conclusion

The gains of the multitalker and passage training groups over the control suggest that, with relatively small modifications, improvements to the generalized outcomes of auditory training protocols may be possible.
Suprasegmental Characteristics of Spontaneous Speech Produced in Good and Challenging Communicative Conditions by Talkers Aged 9–14 Years
Authors: Hazan Valerie , Tuomainen Outi , Pettinato Michèle
Published: December 2016

Purpose

This study investigated the acoustic characteristics of spontaneous speech by talkers aged 9–14 years and their ability to adapt these characteristics to maintain effective communication when intelligibility was artificially degraded for their interlocutor.

Method

Recordings were made for 96 children (50 female participants, 46 male participants) engaged in a problem-solving task with a same-sex friend; recordings for 20 adults were used as reference. The task was carried out in good listening conditions (normal transmission) and in degraded transmission conditions. Articulation rate, median fundamental frequency (f0), f0 range, and relative energy in the 1- to 3-kHz range were analyzed.

Results

With increasing age, children significantly reduced their median f0 and f0 range, became faster talkers, and reduced their mid-frequency energy in spontaneous speech. Children produced similar clear speech adaptations (in degraded transmission conditions) as adults, but only children aged 11–14 years increased their f0 range, an unhelpful strategy not transmitted via the vocoder. Changes made by children were consistent with a general increase in vocal effort.

Conclusion

Further developments in speech production take place during later childhood
.
Children use clear speech strategies to benefit an interlocutor facing intelligibility problems but may not be able to attune these strategies to the same degree as adults.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963955
Voice Quality and Gender Stereotypes: A Study of Lebanese Women With Reinke's Edema
Authors: Matar Nayla , Portes Cristel , Lancia Leonardo , Legou Thierry , Baider Fabienne
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Women with Reinke's edema (RW) report being mistaken for men during telephone conversations. For this reason, their masculine-sounding voices are interesting for the study of gender stereotypes. The study's objective is to verify their complaint and to understand the cues used in gender identification.

Method

Using a self-evaluation study, we verified RW's perception of their own voices. We compared the acoustic parameters of vowels produced by 10 RW to those produced by 10 men and 10 women with healthy voices (hereafter referred to as NW) in Lebanese Arabic. We conducted a perception study for the evaluation of RW, healthy men's, and NW voices by naïve listeners.

Results

RW self-evaluated their voices as masculine and their gender identities as feminine. The acoustic parameters that distinguish RW from NW voices concern fundamental frequency, spectral slope, harmonicity of the voicing signal, and complexity of the spectral envelope. Naïve listeners very often rate RW as surely masculine.

Conclusions

Listeners may rate RW's gender incorrectly. These incorrect gender ratings are correlated with acoustic measures of fundamental frequency and voice quality. Further investigations will reveal the contribution of each of these parameters to gender perception and guide the treatment plan of patients complaining of a gender ambiguous voice.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963958
Cooperative IDMA systems with regenerative relays over Weibull fading channels: outage probability and error analysis
Authors: Bilim Mehmet , Kapucu Nuri , Develi Ibrahim
Published: December 2016

Cooperative communications has recently been introduced into multiple‐access networks to combat the signal attenuation caused by fading and therefore improve the network performance. This study proposes the outage probability and error analysis of cooperative interleave‐division multiple‐access (IDMA) networks with regenerative relays over Weibull fading channels. The main contribution of this study relies on deriving a moment‐generating function (MGF) of the total signal‐to‐noise ratio with the help of Pade approximation for IDMA with regenerative relaying. The derived MGF expression is employed to evaluate the outage probability of the considered system. Moreover, a closed‐form asymptotic expression for the error probability of the considered system is derived and then comprehensive computer simulations have been performed to validate the accuracy of the authors’ analytical results. It is shown that results obtained by the proposed MGF and asymptotic error expressions are in good agreement with their corresponding simulation results.
ACMC‐based hybrid AC/LVDC micro‐grid
Authors: Peri Praveen Gautam Venkata , Paliwal Priyanka , Joseph Francis C.
Published: December 2016

This study proposes the detailed modelling of a novel automatic centralised micro‐grid controller (ACMC)‐based hybrid AC/low‐voltage DC (LVDC) micro‐grid network, capable of off‐grid and on‐grid operation of the system with a coordinated control. The micro‐grid is designed to work majorly with renewable power sources. This hybrid micro‐grid is capable of interconnecting very large AC and LVDC networks, using a bi‐directional AC/DC/AC converter. The AC and the LVDC networks consist of different feeders with loads connected at various voltages. The ACMC design proposed is responsible for controlling the real(P) and reactive(Q) power from the sources based on load requirement and voltage control of the LVDC network. It enables the system to have a plug and play feature. The proposed ACMC has been implemented on a test system consisting of AC and LVDC radial distribution networks designed, with a bi‐directional converter. A doubly fed induction generator‐based wind turbine and solar photovoltaic array with maximum power point tracking have been used as the sources. The system has been simulated in Simulink. The results show the ACMC successfully performs the four quadrant operation of P,Q in the system for various system conditions.
Information gap decision theory for voltage stability constrained OPF considering the uncertainty of multiple wind farms
Authors: Rabiee Abbas , Nikkhah Saman , Soroudi Alireza , Hooshmand Ehsan
Published: December 2016

This study deals with the voltage stability constrained optimal power flow (VSC‐OPF) problem considering the wind power generation uncertainty. The main feature of the proposed model is to handle the uncertainty of multiple wind farms (WFs) in a way that for a given worsening of total cost, maximum tolerable uncertainty of wind power generation is achieved for all WFs. This maximum uncertainty is determined in a way that a required loading margin (LM), is preserved. It is worth noting that LM is the most important measure of voltage stability which reflects the distance from the current operating point to the voltage collapse point. For this aim, information gap decision theory (IGDT) is utilised to handle the uncertainty of wind power generation. The proposed model is implemented on IEEE 39‐bus standard test system. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed VSC‐OPF model for uncertainty handling of multiple WFs, the results obtained by IGDT technique are compared with Monte Carlo simulations and scenario‐based approach. The simulation results imply that the uncertainty radius and the desired LM are inversely related, such that for a given tolerable increase of cost, the radius of uncertainty decreases by increasing the desired LM.
The hybrid disks: a search and study to better understand evolution of disks
Authors: Péricaud J. , Di Folco E. , Dutrey A. , Guilloteau S. , Piétu V.
Published: December 2016

Context. The increased sensitivity of millimeter-wave facilities now makes possible the detection of low amounts of gas in debris disks. Some of the gas-rich debris disks harbor peculiar properties, with possible pristine gas and secondary generated dust. The origin of the gas in these hybrid disks is strongly debated and the current sample is too sparse to understand this phenomenon.

Aims. More detections are necessary to increase the statistics on this population. Lying at the final stages of evolution of proto-planetary disks and at the beginning of the debris disk phase, these objects could provide new insight into the processes involved in the making of planetary systems.

Methods. We carried out a deep survey of the CO J = 2 → 1 and CO J = 3 → 2 lines with the APEX and IRAM radiotelescopes in young debris disks selected according to hybrid disk properties. The survey is complemented with a bibliographic study of the ratio between the emission of the gas and the continuum (SCO/Fcont) in CTTS, Herbig Ae, WTTS, hybrid, and debris disks.

Results. Our sub-mm survey comprises 25 stars, including 17 new targets, and we increase the sensitivity limit by a factor 2 on eight sources compared to similar published studies. We report a 4σ tentative detection of a double-peaked CO J = 2 → 1 line around HD 23642; an eclipsing binary located in the Pleiades. We also reveal a correlation between the emission of the CO gas and the dust continuum from CTTS, Herbig Ae and few debris disks. The observed trend of the gas to dust flux ratio suggests a concurrent dissipation of the dust and gas components. Hybrid disks systematically lie above this trend, suggesting that these systems may witness a transient phase, when the dust has evolved more rapidly than the gas, with a flux ratio SCO/Fcont enhanced by a factor of between 10 and 100 compared to standard (proto-)planetary disks.
Cosmological constraints with weak-lensing peak counts and second-order statistics in a large-field survey
Authors: Peel Austin , Lin Chieh-An , Lanusse François , Leonard Adrienne , Starck Jean-Luc , Kilbinger Martin
Published: December 2016

Peak statistics in weak-lensing maps access the non-Gaussian information contained in the large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe. They are therefore a promising complementary probe to two-point and higher-order statistics to constrain our cosmological models. Next-generation galaxy surveys, with their advanced optics and large areas, will measure the cosmic weak-lensing signal with unprecedented precision. To prepare for these anticipated data sets, we assess the constraining power of peak counts in a simulated Euclid-like survey on the cosmological parameters Ωm, σ8, and w0de. In particular, we study how Camelus, a fast stochastic model for predicting peaks, can be applied to such large surveys. The algorithm avoids the need for time-costly N-body simulations, and its stochastic approach provides full PDF information of observables. Considering peaks with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 1, we measure the abundance histogram in a mock shear catalogue of approximately 5000 deg2 using a multiscale mass-map filtering technique. We constrain the parameters of the mock survey using Camelus combined with approximate Bayesian computation, a robust likelihood-free inference algorithm. Peak statistics yield a tight but significantly biased constraint in the σ8–Ωm plane, as measured by the width ΔΣ8 of the 1σ contour. We find Σ8 = σ8(Ωm/ 0.27)α = 0.77-0.05+0.06 with α = 0.75 for a flat ΛCDM model. The strong bias indicates the need to better understand and control the model systematics before applying it to a real survey of this size or larger. We perform a calibration of the model and compare results to those from the two-point correlation functions ξ± measured on the same field. We calibrate the ξ± result as well, since its contours are also biased, although not as severely as for peaks. In this case, we find for peaks Σ8 = 0.76-0.03+0.02 with α = 0.65, while for the combined ξ+ and ξ− statistics the values are Σ8 = 0.76-0.01+0.02 and α = 0.70. We conclude that the constraining power can therefore be comparable between the two weak-lensing observables in large-field surveys. Furthermore, the tilt in the σ8–Ωm degeneracy direction for peaks with respect to that of ξ± suggests that a combined analysis would yield tighter constraints than either measure alone. As expected, w0de cannot be well constrained without a tomographic analysis, but its degeneracy directions with the other two varied parameters are still clear for both peaks and ξ±.
Extent of Endoscopic Resection for Anterior Skull Base Tumors: An MRI-Based Volumetric Analysis
Authors: Koszewski Ian , Avey Gregory , Ahmed Azam , Leonhard Lucas , Hoffman Matthew , McCulloch Timothy
Published: December 2016

Objective To determine the volume of ventral skull base tumor removed following endoscopic endonasal (EEA) resection using MRI-based volumetric analysis and to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of such analysis.

Design Retrospective case series.

Setting Academic tertiary care hospital.

Participants EEA patients November 2012 to August 2015.

Main Outcome Measures Volumetric analysis of pre- and immediately postoperative MR imaging was performed independently by two investigators. The percentage of total tumor resected was evaluated according to resection goal and tumor type.

Results A total of 39 patients underwent resection. Intraclass correlation coefficients between the raters were 0.9988 for preoperative and 0.9819 for postoperative images. Tumors (and average percentage removed) included 17 nonsecreting pituitary adenomas (95.3%), 8 secreting pituitary adenomas (86.2%), 4 meningiomas (81.6%), 3 olfactory neuroblastomas (100%), 2 craniopharyngiomas (100%), 1 large B–cell lymphoma (90.5%), 1 germ cell neoplasm (48.3), 1 benign fibrous connective tissue mass (93.4%), 1 epidermoid cyst (68.4%), and 1 chordoma (100%). For tumors treated with intent for gross total resection, 96.9 ± 4.8% was removed.

Conclusion EEAs achieved tumor resection rates of ∼97% when total resection was attempted. The radiographic finding of residual tumor is of uncertain clinical significance. The volumetric analysis employed in this study demonstrated high inter-rater reliability and could facilitate further study.
Phosphorus supplementation with or without other minerals, ionophore and antibiotic did not affect performance of Nellore bulls receiving high-grain diets, but increased phosphorus excretion and dietary costs
Authors: Souza V. C. , Malafaia P. , Vieira B. R. , Granja-Salcedo Y. T. , Berchielli T. T.
Published: December 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) supplementation, with or without addition of other minerals, ionophore and antibiotic, on performance, P utilisation and profitability in finishing Nellore bulls in a feedlot. Forty-two animals, with an initial bodyweight of 296 ± 25 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design consisting of three treatments and 14 replicates. The treatments were without P supplementation (T1), commercial mineral supplement specific for feedlot cattle (T2) and supplementation with dicalcium phosphate (T3). The T3 was formulated to achieve a P concentration similar to that of T2, but without adding other additives (e.g. vitamins, ionophores, yeast and chelates) in the mineral mix. The P concentrations were 2.4, 4.2 or 5.0 g P/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively, for T1, T2 and T3. The diet, on a DM basis, comprised sugarcane bagasse (200 g/kg) plus concentrate (800 g/kg). The DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intakes and apparent DM digestibility were similar among the three treatments (P > 0.05). Despite the numerical difference on P concentration in T2 and T3 treatments, P intakes were similar in these treatments. The addition of commercial mineral supplement specific for feedlot cattle or dicalcium phosphate in diets increased P excretion in the faeces and urine, increased P retention and reduced the profitability of the feedlot. Performance and carcass traits were not affected by diet P concentrations (P > 0.05). The profit per head in T1 treatment was US$13.7 and the addition of the dicalcium phosphate and mineral mix in T2 and T3 did not result in profit, these treatments gave economic losses of US$6.80 and US$6.20 per head, respectively. Under Brazilian conditions, feedlot Nellore cattle fed high-grain diets do not require any additional mineral supplements. P concentration of 2.4 g/kg DM, as used in the control diet, was adequate to ensure animal performance and reduce faecal P excretion, which is in agreement with NRC and CSIRO recommendations. Lower values may also be appropriate, but were not tested here.
A preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of New Zealand Thomisidae (Araneae) using a multi-locus approach
Authors: Sirvid Philip J. , Moore Nicole E. , Chambers Geoffrey K. , Prendergast Kelly
Published: December 2016

We tested competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand fauna using thomisid spiders as a model group. These theories can be broadly described as old and vicariant versus young and recent (dispersal). To test these theories, a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 28S rRNA sequence data, with smaller datasets (histone H3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 1 and a combined dataset) used to improve resolution of internal branches. The monophyly of New Zealand thomisid subfamilies and of individual taxa were also assessed using these data. Our data supports the separation of New Zealand clades from their Australian counterparts. Evidence of recent dispersal to New Zealand by Australian stephanopines combined with our proposed maximum divergence date of 5.3 mya indicates that the New Zealand thomisids are a younger lineage than previously suspected. Several other gene targets (internal transcribed spacer units 1 and 2, wingless and 18S rRNA) were examined but did not generate sufficient reliable data to contribute to the analysis. Corrected p-distance values for COI indicate that Sidymella angularis, a widely distributed and morphologically variable stephanopine species, is a single taxon. Three undescribed endemic species exhibited molecular and morphological distinctiveness from previously described New Zealand thomisids.
Systematics, phylogeny and host associations of the Australian endemic monaloniine genus Rayieria Odhiambo (Insecta : Heteroptera : Miridae : Bryocorinae)
Authors: Namyatova Anna A. , Cassis Gerasimos
Published: December 2016

The Australian endemic plant bug genus Rayieria Odhiambo (Heteroptera : Miridae : Bryocorinae : Monaloniina) is revised. Ten species are described as new to science: Rayieria acaciae, sp. nov., R. albaornata, sp. nov., R. decorata, sp. nov., R. frontalis, sp. nov., R. gearyi, sp. nov., R. grandiocula, sp. nov., R. kennedyi, sp. nov., R. minuta, sp. nov.. R. queenslandica, sp. nov., and R. rubranigra, sp. nov. Rayieria braconoides (Walker) and R. tumidiceps (Horváth) are synonymised with R. basifer (Walker), syn. nov. Diagnoses, descriptions, distribution records and host-plant information for all species are given. Digital habitus illustrations of males and females are provided for most species and sexes where available. Male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species. A key to all species is given. Phylogenetic analysis of the ingroup relationships of Rayieria is given, based on 11 ingroups, 16 outgroups and 56 morphological characters. The analysis supports monophyly of Rayieria and establishes a clade comprising all other elongate monaloniine genera, inclusive of Arthriticus Bergroth, Ragwelellus Odhiambo, Helopeltis Signoret and Monalonion Herrich-Schaeffer. Braconid-mimic species of Rayieria are reported. Host-plant associations for this genus and the subtribe Monaloniina are discussed.
Schoenus (Cyperaceae) is not monophyletic based on ITS nrDNA sequence data
Authors: Musili Paul M. , Gibbs Adele K. , Wilson Karen L. , Bruhl Jeremy J.
Published: December 2016

We used nuclear rDNA-sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to test the monophyly of Schoenus by using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Schoenus is not monophyletic, with strong bootstrap support for most branches and congruence across analyses. nrITS does not resolve terminal taxa fully and, therefore, needs to be used in combination with other lines of evidence to address questions of species limits.
New Banksieaeidites species and pollen morphology in Banksia
Authors: Mack Charlotte L. , Milne Lynne A.
Published: December 2016

Cookson (1950) erected the fossil pollen genus Banksieaeidites to accommodate palynomorphs with characters resembling those of the extant Proteaceae genus Banksia. One of the most commonly reported species, Banksieaeidites arcuatus Stover & A.D.Partr., is now known to more closely resemble pollen of the Proteaceae subtribe Musgraveinae, than that of subtribe Banksiinae. The late Eocene Mulga Rock deposits in the southern Officer Basin of Western Australia have yielded palynofloras that contain up to 7% of two new species that can confidently be aligned with pollen of modern Banksia. Banksieaeidites davidsonii sp. nov. and B. rugulus sp. nov. are formally described, and pollen from eight extant Banksia are described and compared with the two fossil species. The variation in extant Banksia L.f. pollen morphology, and that between the two Banksia subgenera (B. subgenus Banksia and B. subgenus Spathulatae A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele) are discussed, and the changes in the morphology of Banksia pollen grains as they mature are reported.
Synopsis of the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae, Chenopodioideae) for South America
Authors: Brignone Nicolás F. , Denham Silvia S. , Pozner Raúl
Published: December 2016

This is the first integrative synopsis of the genus Atriplex L. for South America, based on the study of compared external morphology of extensive collections from South American herbaria, type material, digital images, original publications and field observations. The South American Atriplex flora includes 55 species, 45 of which are native species, mainly distributed in Argentina and Chile (a few of them growing in Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), and 10 are adventive species. We accept two subspecies for Atriplex cordubensis Gand. & Stuck., namely, subsp. cordubensis and subsp. grandibracteata Múlgura, two varieties for A. imbricata D.Dietr., var. imbricata and var. foliolosa Rosas, proposed one new synonym for A. deserticola Phil., one nomenclatural change for A. mucronata Phil., and designate 19 lectotypes and one second-step lectotype for A. nummularia Lindl. This synopsis also includes a key to the 55 South American species, three new figures for A. asplundii Standl., A. oestophora S.F.Blake and A. rusbyi Britton, references for previous figures of the remaining species, illustrations of different positions of the radicle in the seeds, maps of distribution, taxonomic and morphological notes, and a complete list of material studied.
A plethora of planigales: genetic variability and cryptic species in a genus of dasyurid marsupials from northern Australia
Authors: Westerman Michael , Blacket Mark J. , Hintz Ashley , Armstrong Kyle , Woolley Patricia A. , Krajewski Carey
Published: December 2016

Multiple mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences reveal substantial genetic variation within the dasyurid marsupial genus Planigale, suggesting greater taxonomic diversity than is currently recognised. To further investigate planigale relationships 116 new mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, including 16 new specimens, were added to our database. We confirm the presence of an unrecognised species (Planigale ‘species 1’) limited to the Pilbara region of Western Australia and suggest that the ‘Mt Tom Price’ animals may be closely related to Planigale ingrami subtilissima. We also confirm that at least four distinct genetic lineages make up what is currently recognised as P. maculata. This complex of closely related taxa represents a radiation of sibling species rather than a single, genetically diverse one. Three of these lineages (M1 + M2, M3 and M4) are distributed sympatrically across the Top End of Australia and one (M5 = P. maculata sensu stricto) is localised to the eastern coast of Australia. Within the Planigale ingrami complex, Planigale ‘Mt Tom Price’ (lineage Ing. 1) occurs in the Pilbara in sympatry with Planigale ‘species 1’ and lineage Ing. 2 is found in the Northern Territory in sympatry with species of the P. maculata complex. There is thus a plethora of northern Australian planigales, many of which are formally undescribed and whose geographic ranges require careful re-evaluation.
Unforgettable: The Lives and Passing of Three US American Onomastic Icons
Authors: Nick I. M.
Published: December 2016

Through its sheer volume, the US baby-boom generation brought with it many profound, changes in the US American society. However, the dynamism of this generation cannot be explained solely by its numerical magnitude. The individuals who emerged as the cultural leaders of this generation also demanded widespread systemic changes to the world they had inherited. Rather than meekly conforming to the pre-established norms of a power elite, they demanded revolutionary changes to the pre-existing hierarchies that had systematically disenfranchised women and people of color both at home and abroad. One of the primary tools of this counter-culture was names and naming. This article examines the onomastic legacies of three recently deceased leaders of this protest generation. As will be shown here, their struggle for personal, professional, individual, and social independence continues to serve as an unforgettable role model for today’s generation and beyond.
Environmental Factors Associated with the Upstream Migration of Fall-Run Chinook Salmon in a Regulated River
Authors: Peterson Matthew L. , Fuller Andrea N. , Demko Doug
Published: December 2016

We examined upstream migration patterns of adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in relation to environmental factors and two management actions (installation of a rock barrier at a distributary and managed pulse flows). Data was collected using a portable resistance board weir and a Vaki Riverwatcher system that provided accurate daily counts of fall-run Chinook Salmon on their spawning migration. Akaike's information criterion and multimodel inferential approaches, as well as generalized additive models, were used to assess the relative influence of water temperature, flow, moon illumination, weather, operation of a rock barrier, and managed pulse flows to explain the magnitude of daily counts and proportions of Chinook Salmon observed at the weir. Over the 12-year study period (2003–2014), we observed 38,206 Chinook Salmon. The installation of a rock barrier in the lower reaches of the San Joaquin River had positive and consistent influences on daily counts in the years it was installed. Although managed pulse flows to stimulate upstream migration have been used since the early 1990s, our analyses found managed pulse flows only appeared in the top generalized linear models in 2 of the 11 complete years of data analyzed. Managed pulse flows resulted in immediate increases in daily passages, but the response was brief and represented a small portion of the total run. A strong nonlinear response between migratory activity and discharge levels was observed for Chinook Salmon, indicating no additional increase in daily counts when pulse flows exceeded 20 m3/s. Current management requirements in the Stanislaus River exceed this level and adjustment should be considered based on the findings of this study, particularly given the need to balance beneficial uses of a limited water supply. This study provides a scientific approach to determine biologically relevant flow prescriptions for upstream migration of fish in regulated streams.

Received February 5, 2016; accepted September 15, 2016Published online December 21, 2016
Introduction
Authors: Johnson Steven D. , Schiestl Florian P.
Published: December 2016

This chapter focuses on the historical development of ideas about mimicry, including the discovery of floral mimicry, and provides an overview of the key concepts in mimicry research. It defines terms used in mimicry as used throughout the book. The mimicry concepts described include adaptive resemblance, cognitive misclassification of mimics by operators, the differences between convergent and advergent evolution, and the roles of honest signals and reliable cues in model organisms. This chapter also clarifies concepts relating to imperfect and accurate mimicry, as well as frequency dependence. The applicability of the concepts of Batesian and Müllerian mimicry to pollination systems is discussed.
The evolution and maintenance of floral rewardlessness
Authors: Johnson Steven D. , Schiestl Florian P.
Published: December 2016

This chapter examines the evolutionary factors behind the losses and gains of floral rewards. While mimicry is associated with plant lineages that lack floral rewards, rewardlessness and mimicry are not synonymous. Pollination typically takes the form of a biological transaction, whereby plants offer a material reward in exchange for a sexual service facilitated by animals. This is considered as a mutualism because both partners benefit but in reality these systems involve intense mutual exploitation—either partner will readily “cheat” if provided with the opportunity to do so. Not all deceptive plant species rely on mimicry (some rely solely on generalized attractive signals), but there is certainly a strong association between floral rewardlessness and various forms of mimicry. A key question is whether rewardlessness generally evolved before, together with, or after the evolution of mimicry in plant lineages, and this issue is explored in this chapter.
Batesian food-source mimicry
Authors: Johnson Steven D. , Schiestl Florian P.
Published: December 2016

Plants that lack floral rewards can attract pollinators if their flowers sufficiently resemble those of sympatric food-rewarding plants. This is because animals that associate the signals of rewarding flowers with food may also be attracted by similar signals in a deceptive species. The success of this form of Batesian mimicry depends on how easily pollinators can be duped in the first place and on their subsequent ability to learn to avoid the deceptive flowers. Food-source mimicry in non-rewarding flowers has close parallels with Batesian protective mimicry in terms of frequency dependence and the evolution of geographic polymorphisms. Some aspects of food source mimicry are controversial and the chapter is organized around the different lines of evidence for this form of mimicry in plants.
The Physics of Solids
Authors: Ketterson J. B.
Published: December 2016

This text covers the basic physics of the solid state starting at an elementary level and advancing, in stages. In addition to treating the fundamental elastic, electrical, thermal, magnetic, structural, electronic, transport, optical, mechanical, and compositional properties, the text also discusses topics like superfluidity and superconductivity, along with special topics such as strongly correlated systems, high temperature superconductors, the quantum Hall effects, and graphene. Particular emphasis is given to so-called first principles calculations utilizing modern density functional theory, which for many systems now allow accurate calculations of the electronic, magnetic, and thermal properties.
The Parameterization of Band Structures: Applications to Semiconductors
Authors: Ketterson J. B.
Published: December 2016

The time involved to calculate many k-points can be excessive even if an accurate band structure is available. Therefore it is convenient to have some sort of scheme to fit the energy bands with some reasonably small set of parameters. Here we can envision “interpolating” between energy eigenvalues obtained from a band structure calculation, or possibly fitting experimental data, e.g., that from photo-emission experiments. For materials with complicated constant energy surfaces, the best fitting schemes are those based on a band structure formalism, e.g., the pseudopotential or the tight binding methods. This chapter discusses the following techniques: the k⋅p method for diamond-like materials at the zone centre; inverted band structures; and the Slater–Koster method for diamond-like structures. The chapter ends with some problems for the reader.