bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanobubble‐Based Acoustical Bursting of Nuclear Membrane for Interleukin‐33 Release Induces Eosinophil‐Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Song Yeari , You Dong Gil , Song Seok Ho , Lee Jeongjin , Joo Hyeyeon , Kim Chan Ho , Go Dabin , Jung Se Young , Li Yuce , Um Wooram , Park Jae Hyung
Published: November 2024

Despite noteworthy advances in cancer immunotherapy, the understanding of effective strategies to harness eosinophils in anti‐cancer immunity, which is critical for cytotoxic T‐cell recruitment, remains limited. In particular, interleukin‐33, which is essential for eosinophil activation, is chromatin‐bound and lacks efficient extracellular release mechanisms for its intact form. Here, a nanobubble‐based acoustical cancer cell‐bursting strategy (NanoBurst) is reported to elicit eosinophil‐mediated cancer immunity by releasing damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). NanoBurst consists of polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating a gas precursor, designed to effectively disrupt cancer cell membranes upon exposure to ultrasound. This process triggers the efficient release of both nucleus‐derived (e.g., high‐mobility group nucleosome‐binding domain‐1, gasdermin E, interleukin‐33) and cytoplasm‐derived DAMPs, initiating the eosinophil‐mediated immune cascade. Consequently, NanoBurst induces direct tumoricidal effects by activating eosinophils and enhances anti‐cancer immunity by recruiting NK cells and cytotoxic T‐cells in vivo. When combined with a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitor, an inducer of eosinophil‐mediated chemotaxis, NanoBurst effectively inhibits the growth of primary tumors and the metastasis to the lung in a CT26 tumor‐bearing mouse model. Notably, boosting eosinophil‐mediated anti‐cancer immunity with NanoBurst‐DPP4 inhibitor shows superior efficacy for tumor suppression compared to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Nanocomposite Hydrogel Enables Color‐Gated Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Biodetection
Authors: Hu Jin , Li Zheng , Huang Yu‐Ting , Jing Ming‐Jian , Yuan Cheng , Zeng Xierong , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Lin Peng
Published: November 2024

The newly emerged organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) has been demonstrated promising in diverse sectors, yet its underlying operation rationale remains largely unexplored due to its short development time. Color, arising from the light‐matter interactions, is ubiquitous in nature. Here the concept of color‐gated OPECT biodetection based on a nanocomposite hydrogel is proposed and devised, which is exemplified by the automatic color change of Pt nanocubes (NCs)‐encapsulated hydrogel with Ag+‐responsiveness. Linking with a sandwich immunorecognition with labeled silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), chemical etching‐released Ag+ can sensitively affect the Pt NCs‐catalyzed conversion of o‐phenylenediamine, leading to the color change of the nanocomposite hydrogel and thus the altered gating characteristics. This study features the concept of color‐gated OPECT biodetection and is expected to catalyze a new category of advanced “colored” optobioelectronics, given the rich color change from the light‐matter‐bio interactions.
Group‐VA Doped ZnO Injection Layer for Bright and Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Ji Yongqiang , Li Qiuyang , Zhong Qixuan , Li Hong , Lu Zhangyuchang , Chen Hao‐Hsin , Wang Yanju , Hu An , Li Shunde , Ma Li , Li Le , Zhang Yuzhuo , Chen Yu , Zhao Lichen , Wu Jiang , Wang Xinqiang , Lu Changjun , Zhu Rui
Published: November 2024

Heteroatom doping of the ZnO electron injection layer (EIL) is widely applied to the fabrication of high‐performance quantum‐dot and perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while group‐VA atomic dopant is rarely studied. Here, VA bismuth (Bi) with strong metallicity is screened as a substitution dopant to regulate the colloid size, surface terminal, and defect density of the ZnO precursor. The as‐fabricated Bi‐doped ZnO (ZnBiO) EIL shows enhanced conductivity, passivated trap states, more n‐type nature, and appropriate band alignment with FAPbI3 (FA: formamidinium), contributing to smooth injection paths with minimal transport losses. Promoted by inhibited hydroxyl terminations of ZnBiO, the FAPbI3 crystals grown into flat nanocylinder domains with higher crystallinity and area‐thickness ratio, leading to a champion PeLED efficiency of 22.3%, a high near‐infrared radiance of 684 W sr−1 m−2, and nearly an order of magnitude extended operational stability, which shows great promise of ZnBiO as the optimal EIL for various LED application scenarios beyond classical ZnMgO.
Neuromuscular Regeneration of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury in Response to Agrin‐Functionalized Tissue Engineered Muscle Grafts and Rehabilitative Exercise
Authors: Mihaly Eszter , Chellu Neha , Iyer Shama R. , Su Eileen Y. , Altamirano Dallas E. , Dias Shaquielle T. , Grayson Warren L.
Published: November 2024

Neuromuscular deficits compound the loss of contractile tissue in volumetric muscle loss (VML). Two avenues for promoting recovery are neuromuscular junction (NMJ)‐promoting substrates (e.g., agrin) and endurance exercise. Although mechanical stimulation enhances agrin‐induced NMJ formation, the two modalities have yet to be evaluated combinatorially. It is hypothesized that the implantation of human myogenic progenitor‐seeded tissue‐engineered muscle grafts (hTEMGs) in combination with agrin treatment and/or exercise will enhance neuromuscular recovery after VML. The hTEMGs alone transplant into VML defects promote significant regeneration with minimal scarring. A sex‐appropriate, low‐intensity continuous running exercise paradigm increases acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cluster density in male mice twofold relative to hTEMG alone after 7 weeks of treadmill training (p < 0.05). To further promote neuromuscular recovery, agrin is incorporated into the scaffolds via covalent tethering. In vitro, agrin increases the proliferation of hMPs, and trends toward greater myogenic maturity and AChR clustering. Upon transplantation, both hTEMGs + agrin and hTEMGs + exercise induce near 100% recovery of muscle mass and increase twitch and tetanic force output (p > 0.05). However, agrin treatment in combination with exercise produces no additional benefit. These data highlight the unprecedented regenerative potential of using hTEMGs together with either agrin or exercise supplementation to treat VML injuries.
Polyphenol‐Nanoengineered Monocyte Biohybrids for Targeted Cardiac Repair and Immunomodulation
Authors: Li Jiawen , Gong Guidong , Zhang Yue , Zheng Yanjiang , He Yunxiang , Chen Mei , He Xianglian , Zheng Xiaolan , Gong Xue , Liu Lei , Zhou Kaiyu , Zhao Zongmin , IV C. Wyatt Shields , Hua Yimin , Li Yifei , Guo Junling
Published: November 2024

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading cause of cardiovascular death worldwide. Invasive interventional procedures and medications are applied to attenuate the attacks associated with ischemic heart disease by reestablishing blood flow and restoring oxygen supply. However, the overactivation of inflammatory responses and unsatisfactory drug delivery efficiency in the infarcted regions prohibit functional improvement. Here, a nanoengineered monocyte (MO)‐based biohybrid system, referred to as CTAs @MOs, for the heart‐targeted delivery of combinational therapeutic agents (CTAs) containing anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 and cardiomyogenic miR‐19a to overcome the limitation of malperfusion within the infarcted myocardium through a polyphenol‐mediated interfacial assembly, is reported. Systemic administration of CTAs@MOs bypasses extensive thoracotomy and intramyocardial administration risks, leading to infarcted heart‐specific accumulation and sustained release of therapeutic agents, enabling immunomodulation of the proinflammatory microenvironment and promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation in sequence. Moreover, CTAs@MOs, which serve as a cellular biohybrid‐based therapy, significantly improve cardiac function as evidenced by enhanced ejection fractions, increased fractional shortening, and diminished infarct sizes. This polyphenol nanoengineered biohybrid system represents a general and potent platform for the efficient treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
Actuating Extracellular Matrices Decouple the Mechanical and Biochemical Effects of Muscle Contraction on Motor Neurons
Authors: Bu Angel , Afghah Ferdows , Castro Nicolas , Bawa Maheera , Kohli Sonika , Shah Karina , Rios Brandon , Butty Vincent , Raman Ritu
Published: November 2024

Emerging in vivo evidence suggests that repeated muscle contraction, or exercise, impacts peripheral nerves. However, the difficulty of isolating the muscle‐specific impact on motor neurons in vivo, as well as the inability to decouple the biochemical and mechanical impacts of muscle contraction in this setting, motivates investigating this phenomenon in vitro. This study demonstrates that tuning the mechanical properties of fibrin enables longitudinal culture of highly contractile skeletal muscle monolayers, enabling functional characterization of and long‐term secretome harvesting from exercised tissues. Motor neurons stimulated with exercised muscle‐secreted factors significantly upregulate neurite outgrowth and migration, with an effect size dependent on muscle contraction intensity. Actuating magnetic microparticles embedded within fibrin hydrogels enable dynamically stretching motor neurons and non‐invasively mimicking the mechanical effects of muscle contraction. Interestingly, axonogenesis is similarly upregulated in both mechanically and biochemically stimulated motor neurons, but RNA sequencing reveals different transcriptomic signatures between groups, with biochemical stimulation having a greater impact on cell signaling related to axonogenesis and synapse maturation. This study leverages actuating extracellular matrices to robustly validate a previously hypothesized role for muscle contraction in regulating motor neuron growth and maturation from the bottom‐up through both mechanical and biochemical signaling.
Natural and Nature‐Inspired Biomaterial Additives for Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronics
Authors: Han Jiye , Tian Ying , Jeon Il
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive review meticulously categorizes and discusses the applications of diverse biomaterials, specifically natural and nature‐inspired synthetic materials in metal halide perovskite optoelectronics. Applications range from solar cells to light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and X‐ray detectors. Emphasis is placed on the intricate interactions between bio‐additives and perovskite crystals, highlighting their influence on the grain size, crystal orientation, grain boundaries, and surface passivation. This review also explores the advantages and disadvantages of each natural or nature‐inspired material and their unique properties compared with conventional additives. Special attention is given to the mechanistic and functional viewpoints, showing how these biomaterials enhance device performance. Through additive engineering with ecofriendly biomaterials, defects in metal halide perovskite thin films can be effectively passivated, thus extending the photostability or in some cases mechanical flexibility of devices. This review provides valuable insights for selecting and designing next‐generation biomaterial additives, offering new prospects for achieving high‐performance perovskite layers and advancing the field of peorvskite‐ based optoelectronics.
An Integrated Therapeutic Nanoparticles and Quorum Quenching‐Based Microneedle Patch for Bacterial‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Xue Binqing , Yao Yao , Luo Enhui , Lessing Duncan James , Guo Min , Chu Weihua
Published: November 2024

Skin injuries leading to drug‐resistant bacterial infections remain a significant challenge, posing a threat to human health. There is an urgent necessity to develop wound dressings for the treatment of such injuries. The proceeding study presents the design of a multifunctional microneedle (MNs) patch containing quorum‐quenching enzyme and manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐infected wounds. In co‐culture experiments with P. aeruginosa, the quorum‐quenching enzyme significantly reduced the production of virulence factors and inhibited biofilm formation. MnO2 NPs exhibited excellent scavenging ability against a wide range of free radicals when assayed in in vitro antioxidant assays. Subsequently, soluble hyaluronic acid is chosen as the substrate in order to prepare the MNs patches loaded with quorum quenching enzyme and MnO2 NPs for wound healing assessment in a P. aeruginosa‐infected mouse wound model. Evaluation of wound size and closure rate demonstrated that the patch significantly accelerated wound healing, resulting in shorter healing durations and improved wound closure. Additionally, inflammation‐related cytokine levels are reduced, indicating a lower level of inflammation. Tissue section staining shows that treatment with MNs promoted wound epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. The multifunctional MNs patch represents a promising treatment option for drug‐resistant bacterial infections in wound management.
PcWRKY1 Represses Transcription of Yellow Stripe‐Like 3 (PcYSL3) to Negatively Regulate Radial Cadmium Transport in Poplar Stems
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Yuhong , Cheng Yao , Yu Wenjian , Yang Lingyu , Shu Peiqi , Zhou Jing , Fayyaz Payam , Luo Zhi‐Bin , Deng Shurong , Shi Wenguang
Published: November 2024

A considerable amount of cadmium (Cd) can accumulate in the bark of poplar stems, but the Cd transport pathway and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, a Cd radial transport pathway in poplar stems and a previously unrecognized PcWRKY1‐Yellow Stripe‐Like 3 (PcYSL3) module that regulates Cd transport are identified in Populus × canescens (Aiton) Sm. Cadmiun‐nicotianamine (Cd‐NA) in xylem vessels in poplar stem‐wood is unloaded to adjacent ray parenchyma cells and further radially transported to bark‐phloem. PcYSL3 is putatively identified as involved in Cd radial transport in poplar stems. PcYSL3 is highly expressed in ray parenchyma cells adjacent to xylem vessels and the encoded protein localizes on the plasma membrane. Cd accumulation is greater in the wood and bark of PcYSL3‐overexpressing poplars than the wild type, whereas the opposite is observed in PcYSL3‐knockdown plants. PcWRKY1 can bind to the PcYSL3 promoter sequence and represses its expression. PcWRKY1 inhibits Cd accumulation in the wood and bark of plants. Thus, PcWRKY1 suppresses PcYSL3 transcription to negatively regulate Cd‐NA unloading from xylem vessels to adjacent ray parenchyma cells and its radial transport in poplar stem. The findings have provided new insights into breeding of poplars for more effective remediation of heavy metal‐contaminated soils.
Patterned Lead‐Free Double Perovskite/Polymer Fluorescent Piezoelectric Composite Films for Advanced Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Shi Jindou , Wang Zeyu , Jia Nanxiang , Wang Minqiang , Xu Youlong , Li Xiangming , Shao Jinyou
Published: November 2024

The limitations of single fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting technologies necessitate the development of more sophisticated encryption methods to protect information and data. Traditional optical anti‐counterfeiting encryption techniques, which rely on light sources with varying wavelengths to identify information, are now insufficient to meet contemporary security demands due to their restricted response to a narrow range of wavelengths. In this study, the fabrication of patterned, lead‐free double perovskite (DP)/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) fluorescent piezoelectric composite films (CFs) is reported. These CFs integrate the up‐conversion and down‐conversion photoluminescent properties of Cs2Na0.8Ag0.2BiCl6:Yb3+/Er3+ DP crystals with the piezoelectric properties of P(VDF‐TrFE) film, facilitating multi‐modal information protection. The fluorescent signals of different concealed information in CFs are observable under the excitation of 365 nm UV light and 980 nm infrared (IR) light. Additionally, external pressure applied at various locations on the CFs generates corresponding electrical signals, thereby providing triple‐layer encryption for protected information. A multifunctional anti‐counterfeiting device has been further developed by integrating patterned optical and electrical responses onto flexible CFs, achieving synergistic protection of information security in cross fields and bringing a significant advancement to the high‐level anti‐counterfeiting market.
Achieving Ultra‐High Heat Flux Transfer in Graphene Films via Tunable Gas Escape Channels
Authors: Zheng Haolong , He Peng , Yang Shujing , Lu Yonghua , Guo Na , Li Yanhong , Wang Gang , Ding Guqiao
Published: November 2024

Graphene films have been applied in the thermal management of electronic devices due to their high thermal conductivity. However, the ever‐increasing power and local heat flux density of electronic chips require graphene films with excellent heat flux carrying capacity. Enhancing the heat flux carrying capacity is highly challenging, and the key is to maintain high thermal conductivity while increasing film thickness. Gases released during film assembly and the resulting catastrophic structural destruction should be responsible for the trade‐off between film thickness and thermal conductivity. Herein, the evolution of the pore structure is investigated during the assembly of graphene films and propose the construction of gas escape channels for the preparation of thick graphene films. The process involves using humidification treatment and freeze‐drying GO films to pre‐construct the ordered flat pore structure. The microstructure optimization of graphene films with more order, fewer wrinkles and defects, and larger grain size is achieved. After optimization, graphene films with ultra‐high thermal conductivity (1781 W m−1 K−1) and a thickness over 100 µm are realized. These films exhibit exceptional heat dissipation and cooling capabilities in high heat flux density (≈2000 W cm−2). This finding holds significant potential for guiding the thermal management of high‐power devices.
Femtosecond Laser‐Induced Recrystallized Nanotexturing for Identity Document Security With Physical Unclonable Functions
Authors: Niu Panpan , Geng Jiao , Jiang Qilin , Wang Yangyundou , Sang Jianxin , Wang Zhenghong , Shi Liping
Published: November 2024

Counterfeit identity (ID) documents pose a serious threat to personal credit and national security. As a promising candidate, optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) offer a robust defense mechanism against counterfeits. Despite the innovations in chemically synthesized PUFs, challenges persist, including harmful chemical treatments, low yields, and incompatibility of reaction conditions with the ID document materials. More notably, surface relief nanostructures for PUFs, such as wrinkles, are still at risk of being replicated through scanning lithography or nanoimprint. Here, a femtosecond laser‐induced recrystallized silicon nanotexture is reported as latent PUF nanofingerprint for document anti‐counterfeiting. With femtosecond laser irradiation, nanotextures spontaneously emerge within 100 ms of exposure. By introducing a low‐absorption metal layer, surface plasmon polariton waves are excited on the silicon‐metal multilayer nanofilms with long‐range boosting, ensuring the uniqueness and non‐replicability of the final nanotextures. Furthermore, the femtosecond laser induces a phase transition in the latent nanotexture from amorphous to polycrystalline state, rather than creating replicable relief wrinkles. The random nanotextures are easily identifiable through optical microscopy and Raman imaging, yet they remain undetectable by surface characterization methods such as scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. This property significantly hinders counterfeiting efforts, as it prevents the precise replication of these nanostructures.
Degradation Mechanism of Phosphate‐Based Li‐NASICON Conductors in Alkaline Environment
Authors: Lam Benjamin X. , Li Zhuohan , Mishra Tara P. , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: November 2024

NASICON‐type Li conductors (Li‐NASICON) have traditionally been regarded as promising candidates for solid‐state Li‐air battery applications because of their stability in water and ambient air. However, the presence of water in the cathode of a Li‐air battery can induce a highly alkaline environment by modifying the discharge product from Li2O2 to LiOH which can potentially degrade cathode and separator materials. This study investigates the alkaline stability of common Li‐NASICON chemistries through a systematic experimental study of LiTixGe2‐x(PO4)3 (LTGP) with varying x = 0–2.0. Density functional theory calculations are combined to gain a mechanistic understanding of the alkaline instability. It is demonstrated that the instability of LTGP in an alkaline environment is mainly driven by the dissolution of PO43– groups, which subsequently precipitate as Li3PO4. The introduction of Ti facilitates the formation of a Ti‐rich compound on the surface that eventually passivates the material, but only after significant bulk degradation. Consequently, phosphate‐based Li‐NASICON materials exhibit limited alkaline stability, raising concerns about their viability in humid Li‐air batteries.
CeO2‐Accelerated Surface Reconstruction of CoSe2 Nanoneedle Forms Active CeO2@CoOOH Interface to Boost Oxygen Evolution Reaction for Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Quanxin , Li Yu , Xu Zhengrong , Liu Rui
Published: November 2024

Interface engineering is an efficient strategy to create high‐performance electrocatalysts for water splitting. In the present work, CeO2@CoSe2 nanoneedle on carbon cloth (CeO2@CoSe2/CC) demonstrates high efficiency for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and water splitting. CeO2 with abundant O vacancies facilitates the adsorption of OH− and boosts the reconstruction of CoSe2 into CoOOH at lower potentials. The in situ generated active CeO2@CoOOH heterointerface upshifts the d‐band center of Co site, thereby decreasing the free energy of rate‐determining step (RDS) (*O to *OOH) during the OER process. It delivers a low OER overpotential of 245 mV at 10 mA cm−2. CeO2@CoSe2/CC is also found to be active for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, 138 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2), profiting from CeO2‐facilitated *H2O dissociation and *H adsorption on CoSe2. The overall water splitting is achieved over the CeO2@CoSe2/CC bifunctional electrode with a low electrolysis voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm−2. This work offers valuable insights into CeO2‐assisted surface reconstruction as well as provides water electrolysis catalysts through interface engineering.
Importance of habit and environmental characteristics in shaping patterns of richness and range size of ferns and lycophytes in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Bohn Amabily , Capellesso Elivane S. , Labiak Paulo H. , Lira‐Noriega Andrés , Zwiener Victor , Marques Marcia C. M.
Published: November 2024

Premise

Ferns and lycophytes, the two spore‐bearing lineages of vascular plants, share a unique life cycle, and because of several morpho‐ecophysiological similarities, are usually investigated as a unit, but they may have distinct ecological and environmental responses. Understanding the diversity and distribution patterns of ferns and lycophytes separately is essential for designing effective conservation strategies.

Methods

We assessed species richness and range sizes using range–diversity analyses and investigated environmental (climatic, edaphic) and ecological (endemism, habit diversity, specialization) predictors of these range and richness metrics using generalized linear models.

Results

The central region of the Atlantic Forest primarily contained areas with fern and lycophyte species with high richness and small ranges; the northern and southern extremes of the forest had species with low richness and larger ranges. Fern richness was associated with a combination of environmental and ecological variables; lycophyte richness was associated only with ecological variables. Range sizes were positively related to habit diversity for both ferns and lycophytes, but the effect of environmental variables differed between the two lineages. Critical areas were primarily not within protected areas.

Conclusions

Fern range sizes and richness were influenced by a combination of ecological and environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and soil variables; only ecological variables influenced lycophyte richness and range sizes. The effects of these factors must be considered separately for the two lineages due to their different responses to stressors. Conservation efforts should increase in the species‐rich–low‐range areas that are outside protected areas to protect these low‐range species.
Synthesis of Alkylated Carbonyl‐Bearing Furans via Acid‐Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts Reaction
Authors: Tkachenko Ilya M. , Ivanova Natalia A. , Khrapovitskaya Kristina S. , Klimochkin Yuri N.
Published: November 2024

Carbonyl‐bearing furans, certain pyrroles, and thiophenes were alkylated using alcohols in an acidic medium. Some 5‐alkylated derivatives of 2‐furoic acid with various adamantyls‐, cycloalkyl‐, other 2°‐ and 3°‐alkyl substituents were synthesized using 2‐furoic acid as a biomass‐derived chemical platform. Side reaction resulted in the substitution of the carboxylic group, leading to the formation of 1,5‐dialkyl furans. In the alkylation of acyl and formyl furan, either mono‐ or di‐alkyl products were obtained, depending on the functional group present in the furan nucleus. Pyrroles (or thiophenes) with related functional groups exclusively (or near‐exclusively) yielded mono‐alkyl products. The resultant 5‐substituted carbonyl furans can be used as building blocks and synthetic equivalents for 1 C and 4 C synthons, as demonstrated by a series of reactions involving 5‐adamantan‐1‐yl‐2‐furoic acid.
Use of an eligibility checklist on arrival of emergency room as a registry system for corneal donation—A 9‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wakatake Haruaki , Hayashi Koichi , Kurisu Miyuki , Yoshida Minoru , Tsutsumi Ken , Saito Hiroki , Nomura Yu , Yoshida Toru , Kitano Yuka , Masui Yoshihiro , Fujitani Shigeki
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of an eligibility checklist uncovered potential corneal donors among deceased outpatients and increased the donation.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we applied the eligibility checklist to nearly all outpatients (age ≥ 18 y/o) who were transferred to our emergency department and identified as deceased between 2012 and 2020. Whether the use of the checklist contributed to the increase in corneal donation was examined, and the reasons for refusal of the donation were also evaluated. Furthermore, yearly changes in the number of the donation were assessed, with the data obtained before initiation of the checklist in 2010–2011 as references. The primary outcome was the number of corneal donors, with yearly changes in donation numbers assessed using data from 2010 to 2011 as a reference before the checklist was introduced.

Results

Among 1776 outpatients to whom the eligibility checklist was applied, 1169 patients were regarded as potential donors. Of them, 126 families gave consent and 80 patients finally donated cornea; medical diseases as a cause of death were less likely to retract donation offer (OR = 0.31 [95% CI: 0.09–0.99]). The number of corneal donors in 2010–2011 corresponded to 1.6% of the deceased outpatients but increased since the checklist was introduced the total number of donors reached 87 (4.3%) during 2012–2020.

Conclusion

A routine use of the eligibility checklist at the initial interview will reinforce the awareness of corneal donation among the families of patients and contribute to the increased number of corneal donors.
Tandem‐Controlled Dynamic DNA Assembly Enables Temporally‐Selective Orthogonal Regulation of cGAS–STING Stimulation
Authors: Li Xiangfei , Yu Fangzhi , Li Lele
Published: November 2024

Despite advances in the controlled reconfiguration of DNA structures for biological applications, the dearth of strategies that allow for orthogonal regulation of immune pathways remains a challenge. Here, we report for the first time an endogenous and exogenous tandem‐regulated DNA assembly strategy that enables orthogonally controlled stimulation of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. A DNA motif containing two palindromic sequences is engineered with an abasic site (AP)‐connected blocking sequence to inhibit its self‐assembly function, while apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)‐triggered enzymatic cleavage of the AP site enables the reconfiguration and self‐assembly of DNA motif into long double‐stranded structures, thus realizing allosteric activation of the catalytic activity of cGAS to produce 2’3’‐cyclic‐GMP‐AMP for STING stimulation. Importantly, we demonstrate that APE1‐regulated DNA assembly allows for cell‐selective activation of cGAS–STING signaling. Furthermore, by re‐engineering the DNA motif with a photocleavable group, enzyme‐triggered DNA assembly allows the cGAS–STING stimulation to operate (switched “ON”), whereas light‐mediated fragmentation of the double‐stranded DNA enables termination of such stimulation (switched “OFF”), thereby achieving orthogonal control over immune regulation. This work highlights an endogenous and exogenous tandem regulated strategy to modulate the cGAS–STING pathway in an orthogonally controlled manner.
Asymmetric Construction of Chiral 2‐Azetines and Axially Chiral Tetrasubstituted Allenes Via Phosphine Catalysis
Authors: Tang Yi , Huang Mingxia , Jin Jingrong , Sun Shitao , Wang Lan , Tan Yu , Sun Xiaojing , Guo Hongchao
Published: November 2024

Chiral 2‐azetines and allenes are highly valuable structural units in natural products and useful chemicals. However, enantioselective synthesis of both 2‐azetines and allenes has been extremely challenging. Herein, we present asymmetric construction of chiral 2‐azetines (70–98 % yields and up to 96 % ee) through chiral phosphine‐catalyzed [2+2] annulation of yne‐enones with sulfamate‐derived cyclic imines. These 2‐azetines were easily transformed into chiral allenes upon treatment with Et3SiH, BF3 ⋅ Et2O and water at rt for 2 minutes. Based on the above transformations, a concise one‐pot synthetic procedure combining [2+2] annulation of yne‐enones and sulfamate‐derived cyclic imines under phosphine catalysis and sequential reduction/isomerization/ring‐opening reaction through Et3SiH, BF3 ⋅ Et2O and water was thus set up, providing axially chiral tetrasubstituted allenes in satisfactory yields and enantioselectivities (56–90 % yields and up to 91 % ee).
Investigation of Charge Transfer Mechanism and Dielectric Relaxation in CsCdCl3 Perovskite
Authors: Chakchouk Narimen , Almalawi Dhaifallah R. , Smaili Idris H. , Aljuaid Fahad , Rhaiem Abdallah Ben
Published: November 2024

The exceptional optoelectronic capabilities of all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductor components open up a multitude of possible applications. Among all the metal halides, the chloride of cesium cadmium has not been investigated in great detail. Here, we describe a straightforward method for creating CsCdCl3 perovskite single crystals using the slow evaporation solution growth approach. These were investigated by utilizing X‐ray powder diffraction, and optical and impedance spectroscopies. The creation of a single‐phase with a hexagonal‐type structure was verified by the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data. The compound's semiconductor characteristics were verified by the optical measurement, indicating a direct band‐gap value of about 3.16 eV. The absorption and reflectance spectrum was also used to calculate and explain the optical extinction coefficient, Urbach energy, and skin depth as functions of the input photon's wavelength. Besides, the impedance spectroscopy technique was employed to investigate the characteristics of this component, across a frequency range of 10−1 Hz to 106 Hz and at temperatures ranging from 313 K to 453 K. The frequency behavior of the AC conductivity, σac, was analyzed using the universal Jonscher law. The outcomes of the charge transport investigation on CsCdCl3 imply that the perovskite material possessed a quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model for T < 363 K and a large polaron tunneling (OLPT) paradigm for T > 363 K. A correlation between the ionic conductivity and the crystal structure was established and discussed. Ultimately, the low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant of CsCdCl3 make it a promising material for energy harvesting devices.
The First Standardized Scoring System to Assess the Welfare of Free‐Ranging Indo‐Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis)
Authors: Serres Agathe , Boys Rebecca M. , Beausoleil Ngaio J. , Platto Sara , Delfour Fabienne , Li Songhai
Published: November 2024

The assessment of wild animal welfare has recently gained interest and represents a novel, complementary approach to monitoring free‐ranging populations for conservation purposes. However, few attempts have been made to develop standardized welfare assessment tools for free‐ranging animals. In the present study, a preliminary scoring system for the welfare assessment of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (IPHDs) was created using the Five Domains Model. During a series of online meetings, the panel established the scoring unit, the contribution of each parameter to the four physical/functional domains, the inferred mental states and impact intensity associated with each of these parameters, and the method of aggregating parameter scores within and among domains. The resulting framework includes a total of 53 parameter scores. A total of 20 welfare‐status and 33 welfare‐alerting parameters were identified; these are aggregated into two overall welfare grades for enhancement (positive experiences) and compromise (negative experiences). The panel attributed confidence scores to the intensity impact reflected by each parameter and associated mental states. As expected, these scores reflect higher confidence in welfare‐status than welfare‐alerting parameters; welfare compromise was also attributed higher confidence than welfare enhancement and Domain 1 (Nutrition) globally received higher confidence scores than other domains. As with any expert elicitation study, subjective biases likely exist; these can be reduced through further research on the suggested parameters. The framework uses current knowledge and has been developed to enable continual improvement as further evidence becomes available on various parameters. This study represents an important step in the development of a welfare assessment tool (WAT) for IPHDs. Next steps include defining measurement methods and thresholds for scoring parameter intensities, followed by reliability testing. This WAT can then be used to systematically monitor populations of IPHDs in a way that will better inform conservation measures and ensure their effectiveness.
Proposal on Species‐Specific Synergistic Conservation Measures for Critically Endangered Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
Authors: Dwivedi Arvind Kumar , De Kritish
Published: November 2024

The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), a critically endangered freshwater reptile endemic to the Indian subcontinent, faces severe threats from various anthropogenic stressors. Despite positive conservation efforts, a holistic approach is essential for improved outcomes. This involves (1) identification of new conservation priority sites, (2) establishment of gharial populations outside protected areas, (3) interlinking ecosystem processes, (4) conducting census of gharial annually, (5) efficient use of digital technology, (6) adoption of best management practices to mitigate various threats, (7) assessment of inbreeding depression in gharial, (8) rescue and rehabilitation training for local communities, (9) interstate and trans‐boundary commission and (10) survey on socio‐economic status of local communities. Implementing the proposed synergistic measures will not only strengthen conservation efforts but also enhance the livelihoods of local communities, ensuring a sustainable future for this species.
Pre‐ADMET studies of 5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone, the bioactive intestinal metabolite of proanthocyanidins
Authors: Della Vedova Larissa , Husain Islam , Wang Yan‐Hong , Kothapalli Hari Babu , Gado Francesca , Baron Giovanna , Manzi Simone , Morazzoni Paolo , Aldini Giancarlo , Khan Ikhals A.
Published: November 2024

5‐(3′,4′‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone (VL) is a bioactive metabolite resulting from the gut microbial metabolism of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids, known for its health‐promoting effects, including antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory activities. Although VL has been observed in different in vivo studies, its pre‐absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) properties have rarely been investigated. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the pre‐ADMET properties of VL for the first time. Also, the understanding of these properties is significant for correlating the encountered activities to this metabolite. In vitro absorption studies revealed that VL is rapidly metabolized and absorbed as its sulfate phase II conjugate (valerolactone sulfate), which enters systemic circulation and mildly activates the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein efflux transporter. In human S9 liver fraction, a mixture of liver enzymes used to simulate in vivo liver metabolism, VL is metabolized into glucuronic phase II conjugates (valerolactone glucuronide 1 [VLG1] and 2 [VLG2]) with a half‐life of 8.72 min and an 80% conversion rate. In human liver microsomes, VL is metabolized at a slower rate (half‐life of 23.08 min), suggesting that oxidative metabolism is secondary. Additionally, VL did not activate the pregnane X receptor or inhibit Cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) and Cytochrome P1A2 (CYP1A2) enzymes, indicating no risk of herb–drug interactions with coadministered prescription drugs.
A “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Probe for the Visual Detection of Total Iron in Wine
Authors: Duan Ning , Ding Leyuan , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo
Published: November 2024

A turn‐on fluorescent sensor (E)‐4‐((4‐(5‐fluoro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)benzylidene)amino)phenol (FBAP) for the detection of Fe3+/2+ was synthesized. The fluorescence intensity of probe FBAP solution gradually increased with increased Fe3+ concentration. The low detection limit (LOD) was calculated to be 0.17 nM. The optimized structure and luminescent properties of FBAP were calculated by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) and Solvation Model Density (SMD). The rotation of the dihedral angle and ICT in the imine probe turned off the emission of the benzimidazole, which was restored upon cleaving the imine. Probe FBAP was successfully applied to determine whether Fe3+/2+ in wine exceeded the standard by phone and the rapid detection of Fe3+/2+ in the form of test strips was also conducted.
Pan‐Cancer Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Divergent Expression of Embryonic Proangiogenesis Gene Modules in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Zeshuai , Su Yiyi , Zhao Lisha , Liu Wei , Zhang Jiaqi , Yang Wei , Li Hanjie , Feng Mingqian , Wang Hao , Song Zhuo
Published: November 2024

Background

Angiogenesis is indispensable for the sustained survival and progression of both embryonic development and tumorigenesis. This intricate process is tightly regulated by a multitude of pro‐angiogenic genes. The presence of gene modules facilitating angiogenesis has been substantiated in both embryonic development and the context of tumor proliferation. However, it remains unresolved whether the pro‐angiogenic gene modules expressed during embryonic development also exist in tumors.

Methods

This study performed a pan‐cancer single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis on samples from 332 patients across seven cancer types: thyroid carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. Data processing was carried out using the Seurat R package, with rigorous quality control to filter high‐quality cells and mitigate batch effects across datasets. We used principal component analysis (PCA), shared nearest neighbor graph‐based clustering, and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) to visualize cell types and identify distinct cell clusters. Myeloid cell subpopulations were further analyzed for the expression of embryonic pro‐angiogenic gene modules (EPGM) and tumor pro‐angiogenic gene modules (TPGM).

Results

The analysis identified nine major cell types within the tumor microenvironment, with myeloid cells consistently exhibiting elevated expression of both tumor pro‐angiogenic gene modules (TPGM) and EPGM across all tumor types. In particular, myeloid cells, including macrophages and monocytes, showed high EPGM expression, indicating an active role of embryonic pro‐angiogenesis pathways in tumors. A subset analysis revealed 20 distinct myeloid subtypes with varying EPGM and TPGM expression across different cancers. Treatment and disease stage influenced these gene expressions, with certain subtypes, such as HSPAhi/STAT1+ macrophages in breast cancer, displaying reduced pro‐angiogenic gene activity post‐treatment.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that tumors may exploit EPGM to enhance vascularization and support sustained growth, as evidenced by the elevated EPGM expression in tumor‐associated myeloid cells. The consistent presence of EPGM in TAMs across multiple cancer types suggests a conserved mechanism wherein tumors harness embryonic angiogenic pathways to facilitate their progression. Distinct EPGM expression patterns in specific myeloid cell subsets indicate potential therapeutic targets, particularly in cases where EPGM activation contributes to resistance against anti‐angiogenic therapies. These findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor angiogenesis and highlight the prognostic relevance of EPGM expression in cancer, underscoring its potential as a biomarker for clinical applications.
Virtue engagement in contemporary relational psychotherapy: A mixed methods practice‐based study
Authors: Crabtree Sarah A. , Captari Laura E. , Hydinger Kristen R. , Jankowski Peter J. , Sandage Steven J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Positive psychology and virtue ethics traditions suggest that virtue development is a pathway to well‐being, but few studies have examined how psychotherapy in naturalistic settings contributes to clients' virtue engagement.

Method

This study was conducted at a community mental health clinic specialising in contemporary relational psychotherapy (CRP) in the northeast United States. The embedded, explanatory mixed method design included (a) longitudinal mixture‐modelling to identify clients showing gains in relational virtue engagement over time, and (b) interviewing a subsample (N = 15) of these clients.

Results

Our findings suggest that virtue engagement in CRP emerges (a) within the dynamic conditions of the alliance and (b) through holistic attunement to clients' identities, experiences, mental health and growth in capacities that promote wisdom and flourishing. Clinical and research implications and future research directions are discussed.
Three‐Year Clinical and Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Hydra Self‐Expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Bajoras Vilhelmas , Dabrowski Maciej , Davidavicius Giedrius , Cesna Sigitas , Peciuraite Dovile , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , Witkowski Adam , Stoklosa Patrycjusz , Sudhir Krishnankutty , Aidietis Audrius
Published: November 2024

Background

The Hydra CE study revealed 1‐year favorable efficacy of TAVR, showing a large effective orifice area (EOA), low gradient, and acceptable complication rates.

Aims

We evaluated the 3‐year clinical and hemodynamic outcomes of Hydra self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve (manufactured by Vascular Innovations Co Ltd, Nonthaburi, Thailand; a subsidiary of Sahajanand Medical Technologies Limited, India) in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis at high or extremely high surgical risk.

Methods

The Hydra CE study was a prospective, multicenter, single‐arm study. A total of 157 patients were enrolled in the study, out of whom 54 patients from two centers (Lithuania and Poland) had provided consent for long‐term follow‐up at recruitment, with a planned 5‐year follow‐up period. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality, and patients were followed up for up to 3 years, with an assessment of clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.

Results

Among the 54 patients, the average age was 81.0 ± 4.1 years. The mean STS score was 3.2 ± 2.0%. At 3 years, all‐cause mortality had occurred in 14.8% of patients, including 3.7% cardiovascular deaths and 1.9% device‐related deaths. There was a progressive enhancement in EOA that is, 0.68 ± 0.15 cm2 at baseline to 1.97 ± 0.52 cm2 at 3 years (p < 0.001) as well as significant improvement in the mean aortic valve gradient that is, 53.4 ± 14.24 mmHg at baseline to 8.6 ± 2.80 mmHg at 3 years (p < 0.001). New permanent pacemaker implantation rates up to 3‐year follow‐up was 12.9%.

Conclusion

The 3‐year results of the Hydra CE study demonstrated consistent improvements in hemodynamics over time. The study also revealed favorable safety and efficacy trends, along with low occurrences of new permanent pacemaker implantations and paravalvular leaks.
Recruitment and retention of minoritized students in CACREP‐accredited counseling programs
Authors: Clark Madeline , Kempf Janet , Paul Dinisha , Sheikh Sahar , Gleason Brett , Odrunia Karisa
Published: November 2024

The recruitment and retention of minoritized students is critical for diversifying the counseling profession. Accreditation standards and scholarship provide little guidance on best practices. We sampled 38 administrators from the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs to understand recruitment and retention practices for minoritized students. We found four themes and provide implications for counselor education.
Influence of tillage and rotation sequence on corn response and planting pattern
Authors: Tilley M. Scott , Jordan David L. , Vann Rachel A. , Gatiboni Luke , Heiniger Ronnie W.
Published: November 2024

Plain Language Summary

Corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are traditional crops grown in the southeast region of the United States. Row crop producers have adopted many strategies to reduce the presence of disease and parasitic nematodes among peanut. One management strategy that has not been considered is the potential use of twin‐row planting patterns compared to single‐row cropping systems under various tillage practices. The objective of this study is to determine if corn yield differs when comparing twin‐row and single‐row planting patterns when planted in various rotation sequences following corn, cotton, and peanut in continuous strip tillage or conventional tillage. Results indicated that corn yield increased as the length of rotation increased relative to peanut. Furthermore, the increase in the planting of cotton within the rotation also increased corn yield. The use of strip tillage increased corn yield compared to conventional. No significant yield increase was seen when comparing twin‐row to single‐row.