bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AFYONKARAHİSAR İLİNDE ÜRETİLEN VE TÜKETİME SUNULAN BAZI ET VE SÜT ÜRÜNLERİNİN MİKROBİYOLOJİK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Şimşek Merih
Published: January 2021

AMAÇ: İnsan sağlığı için önemli bir yere sahip olan et ve süt ürünlerinin yapısındaki maddeler nedeniyle pek çok mikroorganizmanın gelişmesi için çok iyi bir ortam oluşturmaktadır. Bu durumdan yola çıkarak, Afyonkarahisar ilinde satışa sunulan süt, yoğurt, peynir, sucuk, pastırma ve etin mikrobiyolojik özelliklerinin ve standartlara uygunluğunun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Her bir gıda çeşidine ait örneklerden ayrı ayrı 30 süt ürünü ve 30 et ürünü olmak üzere 60 adet ürün soğuk zincir kuralına uygun olarak taşınmış ve ürünler mikrobiyolojik açıdan incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmaya, incelenmek üzere, çiğ süt, yoğurt, taze peynir, çiğ et, sucuk ve pastırma örnekleri dahil edilmiştir. Toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri, maya-küf, S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella ve Koliform grubu mikroorganizmaların varlığı incelenecek olan gıda örneklerinin her birinden 10’ar g/ml alınarak, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-⁴, 10-⁵ olmak üzere bir seri dilüsyonları hazırlanmıştır. Uygun besiyerleri ve optimum inkübasyon şartlarında, aerobik mezofilik bakteri, maya-küf, S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella ve Koliform grubu mikroorganizmaların sayısı belirlenmiştir.BULGULAR: Sütteki en yüksek aerobik mezofilik bakteri ve koliform bakteri sayısı 5,5x104 kob/g ve 1,5x103 kob/g; Yoğurttaki en yüksek aerobik mezofilik bakteri, koliform bakteri ve küf-maya sayısı 2,7x103 kob/g, 3,0x10⁶ kob/g ve 2,2x103 adet/g; Peynirdeki en yüksek aerobik mezofilik bakteri, koliform bakteri ve küf-maya sayısı 2,9x103 kob/g, 3,7x103 kob/g ve 7,8x101 adet/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Sucuktaki en yüksek küf-maya ve stafilokok sayısı 2,8x102 adet/g ve 6,0x102 kob/g; Pastırmadaki en yüksek küf-maya ve stafilokok sayısı 3,9x103 adet/g ve 9,8x10⁴ kob/g; Çiğ etteki en yüksek mezofilik aerobik bakteri ve stafikokok bakteri 7,5x102 kob/g ve 3,8x105 kob/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bilgilerle birlikte, süt ve ürünleri için, aerobik mezofilik bakteri, koliform bakteri, küf-maya ve S. aureus’un bulunma yüzdeleri sırasıyla, %57, %53, %33, %23 olarak belirlenmiştir. Et ve ürünleri için, aerobik mezofilik bakteri, küf-maya, S. aureus’un bulunma yüzdeleri sırasıyla, %13, %40, %70 olarak belirlenmiştir.SONUÇ: Hiçbir örnekte, Salmonella ve E. coli’ye rastlanmamıştır. Gıda örneklerinin çoğunun Türk Gıda Kodeksi Et ve Süt Ürünleri Tebliğine uygun olduğu ve mikrobiyolojik açıdan yeterli bir kalitede olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak, bazı örneklerde ürünlerin ürün işleme, taşıma ve saklama koşullarına bağlı belirli düzeylerde kontaminasyon olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Sonuç olarak veriler, süt sağımında hijyenin, açıkta süt satılmamasının ve çiğ sütten peynir üretiminin tercih edilmemesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Et ürünlerinin kontaminasyonlarını ve mikroorganizma üremesini önlemek amacıyla kesim ve satış noktalarındaki mikrobiyolojik denetimin artırılması gerektiği görüşüne varılmıştır.
CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF DAYAK TOMUN INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE MANAGEMENT LAND RIGHTS: A CASE STUDY OF LAMANDAU, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Achmadi  , Dimyati Khudzaifah , Absori  , Budiono Arief
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: This research aimed at highlighting the cultural implications in the context of the Dayak Tomun community in maintaining the management of land rights based on the customary in Lamandau, Indonesia.

Methodology: This study used a quantitative doctrinal research method to look at the macro problems in legislation products and a qualitative non-doctrinal research method to look at the problems conceptualized at the level of microanalysis as a symbolic reality.

Main Findings: This research revealed that the cultural approach perspective of the local indigenous people had an important role in the management of land rights. This study discovered the procedures for managing the people's customary land rights, which were simple and based on the local wisdom of the local community, which implied a philosophical meaning of belom behadat (living in traditions, obeying customs), human nature in protecting the realm from destruction.

Applications of this study: The findings of this study may be useful for the government in Indonesia since the findings reveal information as regards the management of land rights viewed from not only the rules and laws, but also a form of behavior, actions, and actual and potential human interactions that will be patterned in the management of land rights of Dayak Tomun indigenous people. The cultural implications of the Dayak Tomun indigenous people in managing local land rights based on local wisdom are sacred.

Novelty: Indigenous people's background has management procedures, which can be seen from the characteristics of traditional lands, such as the presence of planting and family tree. Meanwhile, the term in the management of land rights is a hereditary habit and contains legal values ​​derived from beliefs (religion), customs, and social culture.
Doṣas by the Numbers
Authors: Zysk Kenneth
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the origins of the Indian medical nosology involving the three doṣas from the perspective of its formulation into three or four distinct types. The essay compares similarities in passages from three different literary sources: Pāļi texts of early Buddhism, early Sanskrit medical literature, and Greek texts from the Hippocratic Corpus and the Anonymus Londiniensis. The study reveals that the tridoṣa-theory, common to āyurvedic literature from an early time was based on the adoption and then adaption of ideas nourished by an intellectual exchange with the Greek-speaking world.
Political Economy of Universal Pensions in Bolivia
Authors: Müller Katharina
Published: January 2021

Während nicht beitragsfinanzierte Renten eine weltweite Konjunktur erleben, ist Bolivien nach wie vor das einzige lateinamerikanische Land mit einer universellen Altersrente, obwohl diese bereits vor zwanzig Jahren entwickelt wurde. Zwischen-zeitlich wurde die Grundrente mehrmals infrage gestellt, überlebte aber den politi-schen Regimewechsel vom Neoliberalismus zum neuen Desarrollismus. Ein Blick auf die politische Ökonomie dieser Transferleistung ist lohnenswert, zumal sich der pro-gressive Neo-Extraktivismus – und damit auch Boliviens Grundrente – nach dem Ende des Ressourcenbooms neuen Herausforderungen gegenüber sieht.
Kinderbetreuung im Cono Sur
Authors: Vera William Daniel , De La Barra Carina
Published: January 2021

Care-Arbeit für betreuungsbedürftige Personen spielt im Prozess der sozialen Reproduktion eine zentrale Rolle. Diese Betreuungsarbeit wird weltweit vor allem von Familien und insbesondere von Frauen geleistet, wobei Lateinamerika keine Ausnahme darstellt. In den letzten Jahren haben jedoch viele Regierungen in der Region politische Massnahmen entwickelt, um diese Bedürfnisse seitens der öffentlichen Politik zu begegnen. Der Artikel vergleicht jüngere Reformen und Politiken im Bereich der Betreuung von Kindern im Alter von 0 bis 5 Jahren der beiden lateinamerikanischen Länder Chile und Uruguay. Zudem wird analysiert, wie sich diese Massnahmen auf die Kinderbetreuungsmodelle auswirken, und ob sie verschiedene Varianten des Familialismus sowie gewisse Aspekte der sozialen Gerechtigkeit und Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in der Care-Arbeit verstärken oder verändern.
Editorial: Vielfalt der Arbeitszeiten
Authors: Arlinghaus Anna , Gärtner Johannes , Rabstein Sylvia , Schief Sebastian , Vetter Céline
Published: January 2021

Editorial zum Schwerpunktheft "Vielfalt der Arbeitszeiten"
Editorial: Sterben und Tod
Authors: Richter Marina , Nollert Michael
Published: January 2021

Editorial zum Schwerpunktheft "Sterben und Tod"
Suizidbeihilfe in der Schweiz
Authors: Kovacevic Anita , Bartsch Christine
Published: January 2021

Direkte aktive Sterbehilfe, auch Euthanasie genannt, bezeichnet die von einem Patienten gewünschte Tötung zur Verkürzung seiner Leidensdauer und ist in den meisten Ländern der Erde gesetzlich verboten, so auch in der Schweiz. Die durch Artikel 115 des Strafgesetzbuchs (StGB) legitimierte Beihilfe zum Suizid ist demgegenüber ein Vorgang, bei dem die sterbewillige Person durch die Bereitstellung einer tödlichen Medikamentendosis, die sie selbständig aufnehmen muss, von Dritten unterstützt wird. Diese Assistenz muss allerdings frei von selbstsüchtigen Beweggründen geschehen. Jährlich sterben in der Schweiz etwa 700 Menschen nach assistiertem Suizid (AS), und ihre Anzahl nimmt stetig zu. Mittels einer retrospektiven Forschungsstudie an Akten aller in den Schweizerischen Instituten für Rechtsmedizin (IRM) archivierten AS-Fälle aus mehr als 30 Jahren wurden Daten zu insgesamt 3.666 Todesfällen erfasst und analysiert. Im Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse sowie festgestellte Problemkonstellationen zur Veranschaulichung der Situation präsentiert.
SynthÃ¨se Et CaractÃ©risation De La Structure Du [{4-[(1HBenzo[D]Imidazol-1-Yl)MÃ©thyl]- 1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1 Yl}(Benzamido)MÃ©thyl]Phospho nate De DiÃ©thyle Par La Spectroscopie RMN 1D Et 2D
Authors: Khadir Fall Serigne Abdou , Faraj Hassane , Alami Anouar , Achamlale SaÃ¯d , Aouine Younas
Published: January 2021

Le composÃ© [{4-[(1H-benzo[d]imidazol1-yl)mÃ©thyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1- yl}(benzamido) mÃ©thyl] phosphonate de diÃ©thyle ester synthÃ©tisÃ© de faÃ§on rÃ©giosÃ©lective, par une rÃ©action de cycloaddition dipolaire -1,3 entre lâ€™Î±azidoamino mÃ©thylphosphonate de diÃ©thyle et le 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazole. La rÃ©action de cyclisation par Chimie click est rÃ©alisÃ©e dans un mÃ©lange de solvant eau/Ã©thanol (50/50) en prÃ©sence de sulfate de cuivre pentahydratÃ© et de lâ€™ascorbate de sodium en quantitÃ© catalytique. Le dÃ©rivÃ© bihÃ©tÃ©rocyclique de lâ€™analogue phosphonique de la glycine est ainsi obtenu avec un excellent rendement (90%), sous forme de solide blanc aprÃ¨s chromatographie sur colonne de gel de silice (acÃ©tate dâ€™Ã©thyle/hexane : 1/1) et recristallisation dans un mÃ©lange Ã©ther/hexane. La caractÃ©risation de la structure attribuÃ©e de lâ€™isomÃ¨re -1,4, a Ã©tÃ© rÃ©alisÃ©e par le biais de la spectroscopie RMN 1D et 2D ainsi que sur la base des donnÃ©es de la littÃ©rature concernant la rÃ©action de cycloaddition par Chimie Click. La 2D Spectroscopie RMN a jouÃ© un rÃ´le fondamentale grÃ¢ce aux diffÃ©rentes corrÃ©lations observÃ©es entre les hydrogÃ¨nes et les carbones adjacents et aussi entre les hydrogÃ¨nes et les carbones lointains.
The compound, diethyl [{4-[(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H1,2,3-triazol-1-yl} (benzamido)methyl]phosphonate, was prepared in a regioselective manner, through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between Î±azidoaminomethyl phosphonate and 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazole. The cyclization reaction by click chemistry was carried out in a water/ethanol solvent mixture (50/50), in the presence of copper sulfate pentahydrate and sodium ascorbate in catalytic quantities. The biheterocyclic derivative of the phosphonic analog of glycine was obtained with an excellent yield (90%), as a white solid after chromatography on a silica gel column (ethyl acetate/hexane: 1/1) and recrystallization in an ether/hexane mixture. The characterization of the structure of the resulting 1,4-isomer was performed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as on the basis of data from the literature concerning the cycloaddition reaction by Chemistry Click. The 2D NMR Spectroscopy played a fundamental role through different correlations observed between the hydrogens and adjacent carbons and also between hydrogens and distant carbons.
DiversitÃ© Floristique Et Valeur De Conservation De La ForÃªt ClassÃ©e De Nâ€™ganda-Nâ€™ganda (Sud-Est De La Cote Dâ€™ivoire)
Authors: Antoine Akaffou Tchimou , Rodelec Neuba Danho Fursy , FranÃ§ois Malan Djah
Published: January 2021

Lâ€™Ã©tude a Ã©tÃ© entreprise en vue de contribuer Ã  une meilleure connaissance de la flore de la forÃªt classÃ©e de Nâ€™ganda-Nâ€™ganda. Pour ce faire, la technique de relevÃ©s itinÃ©rants a Ã©tÃ© utilisÃ©e. Les inventaires itinÃ©rants ont permis dâ€™obtenir une liste de 445 espÃ¨ces de plantes rÃ©parties en 293 genres et 96 familles. Les familles les plus dominantes diffÃ¨rent dâ€™un milieu Ã  un autre. Les Rubiaceae sont parmi les familles prÃ©pondÃ©rantes, quel que soit le type de milieu. Les types biologiques sont dominÃ©s par les phanÃ©rophytes Ã  plus de 60 %. Le spectre phytogÃ©ographique est marquÃ© par une dominance des espÃ¨ces GuinÃ©o-Congolaises, dans les deux types de forÃªts. En savane, les hÃ©micryptopytes sont les types biologiques les plus dominants. Le nombre Ã©levÃ© dâ€™espÃ¨ces endÃ©miques de Haute GuinÃ©e (58) et ivoiriennes (09) couplÃ© par la prÃ©sence de 22 taxons classÃ©s de rares, devenus rares et en voie dâ€™extinction pour la flore de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire et de 20 taxons de la liste rouge de lâ€™UICN (2015), reprÃ©sente sa caractÃ©ristique particuliÃ¨re. Les traits particuliers de cette flore doivent susciter plus dâ€™attention de la part des gestionnaires de cette forÃªt.
This study focuses on providing a better knowledge of the flora of N'ganda-N'ganda forest. The itinerant survey technique was used, and this made it possible to obtain a list of 445 species which was distributed between 293 genera and 96 families. The most dominant families deffer by space. Rubiaceae was between dominated families and all types of spaces. The biological types are dominated more than 60% by the phanerophyts. Phytogeographic spectrum is marked by a strong dominance of species known as Guineo-Congolese in two types of forest. In Savanah, hemicryptophyts was the most dominated biological types. The high number of endemic species from Upper Guinea (58) and Ivorian (9), coupled with the presence of 22 taxa classified as rare and endangered for the flora of CÃ´te d'Ivoire and 20 taxa of IUCN Red List (2015), represents its special character. Particular traits of this flora should attract more attention from managers of this forest.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WAKALAH ACCOUNT ON WOMEN GROUP SPECIFIC LOAN SAVINGS FROM THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR SHARIA-BASED COMMUNITY E
Authors: Arifin Zarul
Published: January 2021

This research is based on the National Program for Community Empowerment in Semparuk sub-district, which was previously conventional, has now switched to Sharia using the wakalah contract. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and analysis of Islamic law on the wakalah contract in the Sharia-based National Community Empowerment Program in the Semparuk Activity Management Unit. The type of this research is field research, using a descriptive qualitative approach. The collection techniques used in this study were interviews, documentation based on primary sources, namely the management of the Semparuk Activities Management Unit and groups of women (customers) who borrowed from the Sharia-based National Community Empowerment Program. Based on the research results, it is concluded that the effectiveness of the National Community Empowerment Program is good. Semparuk Activities Management Unit has carried out business activities based on sharia principles or Islamic legal principles which are regulated in the fatwas of the Indonesian Ulema Council such as the principles of justice and balance, and do not contain gharar, maysir, usury, zalim and haram objects.
General Quantum Theory: II ----Measuring & Identical Theorems, Origins & Classifications of Entanglements and Solution to Crisis of Wave Collapse
Authors: Huang C. , Huang Yong-Chang , Nie Yi-You
Published: January 2021

This paper derives measurement and identical principles, then makes the two principles into measurement and identical theorems of quantum mechanics, plus the three theorems derived earlier, we deduce the axiom system of current quantum mechanics, the general quantum theory no axiom presumptions not only solves the crisis to understand in current quantum mechanics, but also obtains new discoveries, e.g., discovers the velocities of quantum collapse and entanglement are instantaneously infinitely large. We deduce the general Schrȍdinger equation of any n particles from two aspects, and the wave function not only has particle properties of the complex square root state vector of the classical probability density of any n particles, but also has the plane wave properties of any n particles. Thus, the current crisis of the dispute about the origin of wave- particle duality of any n microscopic particles is solved. We display the classical locality and quantum non-locality for any n particle system, show entanglement origins, and discover not only any n-particle wave function system has the original, superposition and across entanglements, but also the entanglements are of interactions preserving conservation or correlation, three kinds of entanglements directly give lots of entanglement sources. This paper discovers, one of two pillars of modern physics, quantum mechanics of any n particle system is a generalization ( mechanics ) theory of the complex square root ( of real density function ) of classical statistical mechanics, any n particle system’s quantum mechanics of being just a generalization theory of the complex square root of classical statistical mechanics is both a revolutionary discovery and key new physics, which are influencing people’s philosophical thinking for modern physics, solve all the crisises in current quantum theories, quantum information and so on, and make quantum theory have scientific solid foundations checked, no basic axiom presumption and no all quantum strange incomprehensible properties, because classical statistical mechanics and its complex square root have scientific solid foundations checked. Thus, all current studies on various entanglements and their uses to quantum computer, quantum information and so on must be further updated and classified by the new entanglements. This and our early papers derive quantum physics, solve all crisises of basses of quantum mechanics, e.g., wave-particle duality & the first quantization origins, quantum nonlocality, entanglement origins & classifications, wave collapse and so on.Key words: quantum mechanics, operator, basic presumptions, wave-particle duality, principle of measurement, identical principle, superposition principle of states, entanglement origin, quantum communication, wave collapse, classical statistical mechanics, classical mechanics
Physicochemical Interactions in Systems C.I. Direct Yellow 50 – Weakly Basic Resins: Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Auxiliaries Addition Aspects
Authors: Wawrzkiewicz Monika , Polska-Adach Ewelina
Published: January 2021

Intensive development of many industries, including textile, paper or plastic, which consume large amounts of water and generate huge amounts of wastewaters containing toxic dyes, contribute to pollution of the aquatic environment. Among many known methods of wastewater treatment, adsorption techniques are considered as the most effective. In the present study the weakly basic anion exchangers such as Amberlyst A21, Amberlyst A23 and Amberlyst A24 of the polystyrene, phenol-formaldehyde and polyacrylic matrices were used for C.I. Direct Yellow 50 removal from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetic studies were described by the pseudo-second order model. The pseudo-second order rate constants were in the range of 0.0609-0.0128 g/mg·min for Amberlyst A24, 0.0038-0.0015 g/mg·min for Amberlyst A21 and 1.1945-0.0032 g/mg·min for Amberlyst A23, and decreased with the increasing initial concentration of dye from 100-500 mg/L, respectively. There were observed auxiliaries (Na2CO3, Na2SO4, anionic and non-ionic surfactants) impact on the dye uptake. The polyacrylic resin Amberlyst A24 can be promising sorbent for C.I. Direct Yellow 50 removal as it is able to uptake 666.5 mg/g of the dye compared to the phenol-formaldehyde Amberlyst A23 of the 284.3 mg/g capacity.
Electronic Surveillance and Security Applications of Magnetic Microwires
Authors: Zhukova Valentina , Corte-Leon Paula , Blanco Juan Maria , Ipatov Mihail , Gonzalez Julian , Zhukov Arcady
Published: January 2021

Applications in security and electronic surveillance require combination of excellent magnetic softness with good mechanical and anti-corrosive properties and low dimensionality. We overviewed the properties of soft magnetic glass-coated microwires and different post-processing making them quite attractive for electronic article surveillance and security applications. We studied the magnetostatic interaction between the microwires and routes to tune the non-linear hysteresis loops by using the arrays of different types of amorphous microwires. The presence of neighbouring microwire (either Fe or Co-based) significantly affects the hysteresis loop of the whole microwires array. In a microwires array containing magnetically bistable microwires we observed splitting of the initially rectangular hysteresis loop with a number of Barkhausen jumps correlated with the number of magnetically bistable microwires. Essentially, non-linear and irregular hysteresis loops have been observed in mixed arrays containing Fe and Co-rich microwires. The observed non-linearity in hysteresis loops allowed to increase the harmonics and tune their magnetic field dependencies. Non-linear hysteresis loops have been also observed upon devitrification of amorphous microwires. On the other hand, several routes allowing to tune the switching field by either post-processing or modifying the magnetoelastic anisotropy have been reviewed. Observed unique combination of magnetic properties together with thin dimensions and excellent mechanical and anti-corrosive properties provide excellent perspectives for the use of glass-coated microwires for security and electronic surveillance applications.
Reciprocally-coupled Gating: Strange Loops in Bioenergetics, Genetics, and Catalysis
Authors: Carter, Jr Charles W. , Wills Peter R
Published: January 2021

Bioenergetics, genetic coding, and catalysis are all difficult to imagine emerging without pre-existing historical context. That context is often posed as a “Chicken and Egg” problem; its resolution is concisely described by de Grasse Tyson: “the egg was laid by a bird that was not a chicken”. The concision and generality of that answer furnish no details—only an appropriate framework from which to examine detailed paradigms that might illuminate paradoxes underlying these three life-defining biomolecular processes. We examine experimental aspects here of five examples that all conform to the same paradigm. The paradox in each example is resolved by coupling if, and only if, conditions for two related transitions between levels. One drives, and each restricts fluxes through, or “gates” the other. That reciprocally-coupled gating, in which two gated processes constrain one another, maps onto the formal structure of “strange loops”. That mapping may help unite the axiomatic foundations of genetics, bioenergetics, and catalysis. As a physical analog for Gödel’s logic, biomolecular strange-loops provide a natural metaphor around which to organize these data, linking biology to the physics of information, free energy, and the second law of thermodynamics.
Advanced Adverse Outcome Pathways Potentially Bridging the Pathogenesis of COVID-19
Authors: kim Youngjun , Park Chang Gyun , Lim Sang Rak , Jun Indong , Lee Yong Oh
Published: January 2021

Increasing global concern over COVID-19 has recently brought greater attention to studies due to the ease of person-to-person transmission and the current lack of effective antiviral therapy. Here, we proposed the application of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework to support re-search on the pathogenesis of viral disease. We first constructed adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) applicable to COVID-19 management to understand whether the infection causes severe acute respiratory distress. Based on the AOP framework where mechanistic elucidation of the pathway from the interaction of chemicals (or viruses) to apical endpoints is represented, our COVID-19 AOP indicated that the molecular initiating event (MIE) was angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction, and the key events (KEs) were the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells, with increased mortality as an apical adverse outcome (AO). However, there is still limited information on the toxicity mechanisms of AOPs in COVID-19; therefore, detailed KEs and AOs on toxicity mechanisms will be required to fill these gaps in the data. This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 AOP framework is a suitable tool to design new drugs and to integrate crowded-sourced information for the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic.
NMR Characterization of Angiogenin Variants and tRNAAla Products Impacting Aberrant Protein Oligomerization
Authors: Fagagnini Andrea , Fasoli Sabrina , Garavís Miguel , Gómez-Pinto Irene , Gotte Giovanni , Laurents Douglas
Published: January 2021

Protein oligomerzation is key to countless physiological processes, but also to abnormal amyloid conformations implicated in over 25 mortal human diseases. Angiogenin (h-ANG), a ribonuclease A family member, produces RNA fragments that regulate ribosome formation, the creation of new blood vessels and stress granule function. Too little h-ANG activity leads abnormal protein oligomerization resulting in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Parkinson’s disease. While a score of disease linked h-ANG mutants has been studied by X-ray diffraction, some elude crystallization. There is also debate regarding the structure that RNA fragments adopt after cleavage by h-ANG. Here, to better understand the beginning of the process that leads to aberrant protein oligomerization, the solution secondary structure and residue-level dynamics of WT h-ANG and two mutants: H13A and R121C, are characterized by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy under near physiological conditions. All three variants are found to adopt well folded and highly rigid structures in solution, although the elements of secondary structure are somewhat shorter than those observed in cystallography studies. R121C alters the environment of nearby residues only. By constrast, the mutation H13A affects local residues as well as nearby active site residues residues K41 and H119. The conformation characterization by CD and 1D 1H NMR spectroscopies of tRNAAla before and after h-ANG cleavage reveals a retention of most duplex structure and little or no G-quadruplex formation.
What All Do Audio Transformer Models Hear? Probing Acoustic Representations for Language Delivery and Its Structure
Authors: Kumar Yaman , Shah Jui , Shah Rajiv Ratn , Chen Changyou
Published: January 2021

In recent times, BERT based transformer models have become an inseparable part of the 'tech stack' of text processing models. Similar progress is being observed in the speech domain with a multitude of models observing state-of-the-art results by using audio transformer models to encode speech. This begs the question of what are these audio transformer models learning. Moreover, although the standard methodology is to choose the last layer embedding for any downstream task, but is it the optimal choice? We try to answer these questions for the two recent audio transformer models, Mockingjay and wave2vec2.0. We compare them on a comprehensive set of language delivery and structure features including audio, fluency and pronunciation features. Additionally, we probe the audio models' understanding of textual surface, syntax, and semantic features and compare them to BERT. We do this over exhaustive settings for native, non-native, synthetic, read and spontaneous speech datasets
The Hydromechanical Interplay in the Three-dimensional Limit Equilibrium Analyses of Unsaturated Slope Stability
Authors: Sitarenios Panagiotis , Casini Francesca
Published: January 2021

The paper presents a three-dimensional slope stability limit equilibrium solution for translational, planar failure modes. The proposed solution uses Bishop’s average skeleton stress combined with the Mohr – Coulomb failure criterion to describe soil strength evolution under unsaturated conditions while its formulation ensures a natural and smooth transition from the unsaturated to the saturated regime and vice versa. The proposed analytical solution is evaluated by comparing its predictions with the results of the Ruedlingen slope failure experiment [1]. The comparison suggests that despite its relative simplicity the analytical solution can capture well the experimentally observed behaviour and highlights the importance of lateral resistance consideration together with a realistic interplay between mechanical parameters (cohesion) and hydraulic (pore water pressure) conditions.
iWorkSafe: Towards Healthy Workplaces during COVID-19 with an Intelligent pHealth App for Industrial Settings
Authors: Kaiser M. Shamim , Mahmud Mufti , Noor Manan Binth Taj , Zenia Nusrat Zerin , Al Mamun Shamim , Mahmud K.M. Abir , Azad Saiful , Aradhya V.N. Manjunath , Punitha S. , Stephan Thompson , Kannan Ramani , Hanif Mohammed , Sharmeen Tamanna , Chen Tianhua , Hussain Amir
Published: January 2021

The recent outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has given rise to diverse health issues due to its high transmission rate and limited treatment options. Almost the whole world, at some point of time, was placed in lock-down in an attempt to stop the spread of the virus, with resulting psychological and economic sequela. As countries start to ease lock-down measures and reopen industries, ensuring a healthy workplace for employees has become imperative. Thus, this paper presents a mobile app-based intelligent portable healthcare (pHealth) tool, called iWorkSafe, to assist industries in detecting possible suspects for COVID-19 infection among their employees who may need primary care. Developed mainly for low-end Android devices, the iWorkSafe app hosts a fuzzy neural network model that integrates data of employees' health status from the industry's database, proximity and contact tracing data from the mobile devices, and user-reported COVID-19 self-test data. Using the built-in Bluetooth low energy sensing technology and K Nearest Neighbor and K-means techniques, the app is capable of tracking users’ proximity and trace contact with other employees. Additionally, it uses a logistic regression model to calculate the COVID-19 self-test score and a Bayesian Decision Tree model for checking real-time health condition from intelligent e-health platform for further clinical attention of the employees. Rolled out in an apparel factory on 12 employees as a test case, the pHealth tool generates an alert to maintain social distancing among employees inside the industry. In addition, the app helps employee to estimate risk with possible COVID-19 infection based on the collected data and found that the score is effective in estimating personal health condition of the app user.
PENERAPAN PERMAINAN LARI ESTAFET MODIFIKASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI MOTORIK ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Aminatun Khontri , Rasmani Upik Elok Endang , Syamsuddin Muhammad Munif
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

Kompetensi motorik merupakan aspek penting yang harus dikembangkan pada anak usia dini sebagai persiapan pada kompetensi selanjutnya. Kompetensi motorik dapat dikembangkan melalui permainan lari estafet modifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi motorik anak usia 5-6 tahun melalui penerapan permainan lari estafet modifikasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah anak dan guru. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui unjuk kerja, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui penerapan permainan lari estafet modifikasi terdapat peningkatan pada kompetensi motorik anak yaitu pada pratindakan sebesar 47%, siklus I sebesar 60% dan siklus II sebesar 87%. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan keberhasilan anak dalam kompetensi motorik seperti berlari pada jalur zig-zag, melompat pada bidang engklek dan berjalan maju pada garis lurus. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa melalui penerapan permainan lari estafet modifikasi dapat meningkatkan kompetensi motorik anak usia 5-6 tahun.

ABSTRACT

Motor competence is an important aspect that must be developed in early childhood as preparation for further competencies. Motor competence can be developed through modified relay running games. This study aims to improve motor competence in children aged 5-6 years TK Pertiwi 02 Gedong Karanganyar through the application of modified relay running games. This research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) was quantitative and qualitative approach. The data sources in this study were children and teacher. Data collection techniques are carried out using performance methods, observation, interviews and documentation. The data validity tes technique used was source triangulation and technical triangulation. The result of the study showed that through the application of the modified relay running gamehas an increase in the child’s motor competence in the pre-action was 47%, in cycle I was 60% and in cycle II was 87%. This increase was proved by the child’s success in motor competence such as running on the zig-zag track, jumping on the crank and going forward in a straight line. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that through the application of modified relay running games can improve children’s motor competence aged 5-6 years.
Hope or Fear? A Contemporary Portrayal of Immigrants in British Regional Newspapers
Authors: Dodantenna Indeevari
Published: January 2021

How does the press represent immigrants? The leading scholarship in framing studies argues that immigrants are mostly represented negatively in the national press, which aligns with the dominant discourse. But does that negativity exist in the local newspapers too? Focusing on the immigration debate surrounding Brexit, the following study was set out to examine ten local newspapers from the most populous city regions in the UK during three snapshot time points from November 2018 to April 2019. The six-week period, which was mainly based on Brexit milestones, served as data collection points. The evidence suggests that local press coverage largely portrays immigrants in a favourable manner, proving support and highlighting their need and contribution. The said positivity was closely followed by the threat frame which depicts sentiments of fear, panic, burden and hostility. However, a shift in the positive discourse, towards threat, was noted during the mid-time point that was mainly fueled by the elite rhetoric. Among the findings, the Scottish open arms policy towards the immigrants is very significant. It is mainly linked to their local concerns, such as labour shortages and population decline. While the study contributes to the growing literature in local media research, it also highlights how domestic needs could push back on the dominant discourse.
Assessing Frequency and Clinical Outcomes of BRCA Mutated Ovarian Cancer in Saudi Women
Authors: Agha Naela , Alshamsan Bader , Al-Farsi Sharifa , Ateya Heba Aly , Almugbel Fahed A , Alotaibi Hazem Abdullah , Omar Ayman , Mohamed Amgad Shahin , Alharthy Hanan , Elhassan Tusneem , Salem Hany , Alhussainia Hamed
Published: January 2021

Purpose: BRCA gene mutations (BRCAm) had an impact on patients' characteristics and clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer (OC). The frequency and patterns of BRCAm vary among countries and ethnicities. There are limited data from Saudi Arabia (SA); thus, this study aims to determine the frequency, pattern, and impact on patient characteristics and outcomes of BRCAm OC compared to wild-type BRCA (BRCAw) in Saudi women.Methods: This retrospective study evaluated women diagnosed with non-mucinous OC, fallopian tube, or peritoneal carcinoma who had BRCA status tested in an accredited lab between January 2016 and December 2017. The associations between various parameters and BRCAm were estimated using logistic regression. Statistical analysis performed with SPSS (Version 27). Result: Sixty-one women with a median age of 52 at diagnosis were analyzed. Germline BRCA mutations were found in 41% of cases (25/61). The most common deleterious germline BRCA1 mutation was c.1140dupG (39%). Most women (72%) had no family history of cancers and 82% had advanced stage. Regardless of BRCA mutations, an optimal overall response rate (ORR) to first-line treatment has been achieved although most cases relapsed (84%) and the majority were platinum-sensitive relapse (85%). Higher ORR to subsequent lines and better survival were obtained in women with BRCA-mutation.Conclusion: The prevalence of BRCAm of OC was higher in Saudi women compared to regional and most of the international figures. The better clinical outcomes of BRCAm women agreed with the reported evidence. Further studies on BRCA mutations of OC and genetic counseling are highly recommended.Trial registration number and The addresses of the institution at which the work was performed:Trial approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (RAC # 2171137) and conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
Breaking the paradigms of residual categories and neglectable importance of non-used resources; the "vital" traditional knowledge of non-edible mushrooms and their substantive cultural significance
Authors: Terrazo Amaranta Ramírez , Montoya Adriana , Garibay-Orijel Roberto , Caballero-Nieto Javier , Kong Alejandro , Méndez-Espinoza Claudia
Published: January 2021

Introduction One of the main goals of ethnomycological studies is to understand the role of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) in diverse cultures. To that end, the local knowledge of WEM and their cultural importance are evaluated and compared using qualitative and quantitative methods. However, few studies have attempted to discern such aspects about non-used mushrooms, since they are considered as a residual category without cultural relevance. Therefore, this paper analyses the traditional knowledge of non-edible mushrooms to understand their cultural role and break it down in its components. Methods This study was carried out in two communities from La Malintzi National Park, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Mushroom species indicated as non-edible were collected during 13 ethnomycological expeditions and 7 requests. To get an insight of local knowledge, we used ethnographic techniques, 91 free listings and 81 semi-structured interviews.Results In total, we collected 178 specimens of wild mushrooms recognized as non-edible by locals, which corresponded to 103 species belonging to 45 genera. The people who participated in the study had a vast and deep understanding of non-edible mushrooms. To avoid intoxications, all non-edible mushrooms were included in the general category of “poisonous mushrooms”. The knowledge and the nomenclature of non-edible mushrooms, as well as the ability to identify them, all emanate from the Mesoamerican duality conceptualization of the universe. Therefore, non-edible species are conceived as a cosmogonic counterpart ("twins") of the edible species to which they resemble. We obtained 101 specific recognition criteria, useful only when comparing species pairs: edible vs non-edible. The most culturally important non-edible groups were differentiated by clear and precise characteristics, which were reflected in the nomenclature and allowed their classification into specific ethnotaxa. Conclusions We found that non-used resources can be the object of a deep traditional knowledge and have a vast cultural importance. In the case of wild non-edible mushrooms in particular: the species are named, they are the subject of a vast traditional knowledge which is based on the edible/non-edible duality, this knowledge is widespread but has limited consensus, there is little lexical retention, and this knowledge is vital to avoid fatal intoxications. In consequence, deadly species and species that share similarities with the most important edible mushrooms have a high cultural importance.
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Deaths From Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Iran Between 2011 and 2018- An Ecological Study
Authors: Alimohamadi Yousef , Rahimi Danial , Ahmadi Delniya , Mehri Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, as one of the lethal poisoning, is responsible for a large percentage of poisonings and accidental deaths. Since the investigation of the mortality and the distribution of CO poisoning deaths in Iranian provinces is still unknown and no study has investigated so far, this study was conducted to determine the trend of mortality rate changes due to CO poisoning by Spatio-temporal analysis in Iran from 2011 to 2018. Methods: An ecological study was conducted based on data from the reports of at the National Center for Statistics of Iran for eight years from 21 March 2011 to 21 March 2018. The number of deaths due to CO poisoning and the annual mortality rates of CO poisoning per 100,000 population were calculated. The Spatio-temporal analysis used to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of deaths.Results: A total of 6078 deaths were reported due to CO poisoning that 4497 death were male (74%) and 1596 were female (26%) from 2011 to 2018. In both sexes, the mortality rate due to CO poisoning was 1.26 from 2011 to 0.91 in 2018. According to the results, the overall male-to-female ratio was 2.8. The mortality rate due to CO Poisoning had a decreasing trend. However, this trend did not have a linear trend (p=0.37). Our results showed that most of the deaths due to CO poisoning are higher in the northern and western provinces of Iran.Conclusion: This study is one of the first studies to compare the spatial and temporal mortality rates due to CO poisoning in Iran. Paying attention to general education about the principles of safety in the installation of heaters and the use of the gas networks, continuous and accurate monitoring of the installation and operation of CO-producing, and the use of sensitive alarms can reduce mortality and morbidity due to CO poisoning.
Endoscopic features for early detection of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in children
Authors: Kim Jae Young , Shin Myung Seok , Lee Sun Ho
Published: January 2021

Background

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction. Diagnostic delay of SMA syndrome is common due to its rarity and lack of index of clinical suspicion. Present study aims to explore the endoscopic features for early decision to evaluate SMA syndrome in children.
Methods

In case controlled observation study, we identified three endoscopic findings in enrolled cases like as, finding I: a pulsating band like luminal narrowing of the third part of the duodenum without no expansion over one third during air insufflation for at least 15 seconds, finding II: marked dilatation of the duodenal second part during air insufflation at the duodenal third part, and finding III: bile lake in the stomach. SMA syndrome was confirmed with upper GI series in patients with endoscopic finding I or I plus more. We analyzed positive endoscopic findings related with SMA syndrome.
Results

Twenty-nine patients consisted of 18 (62.1%) cases with SMA syndrome and 11 (37.9%) cases without SMA syndrome. The 3 most common presenting symptoms were postprandial discomfort, abdominal pain, and early satiety. The initial impressions before endoscopy were functional dyspepsia (37.9%), gastritis or gastric ulcer (31.0%), and SMA syndrome (24.1%). Sixteen patients (55.2%) had the constellation of three endoscopic findings (finding I + II + III). Of them, 72.2% confirmed with SMA syndrome, and 27.3% had no SMA syndrome in upper GI series (P = 0.027).
Conclusions

Endoscopic examination down to the third part of duodenum can provide a clue making a decision to evaluate SMA syndrome, which includes a feature composed of three findings like as a pulsating band like luminal narrowing of duodenal third part, a marked expansion of duodenal second part, and a bile lake in the stomach.
Medical educators’ beliefs about teaching, learning, and knowledge: development of a new framework
Authors: de Jonge Marleen Ottenhoff- , Hoeven Iris van der , Gesundheit Neil , Rijst Roeland van der , Kramer Anneke
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe educational beliefs of medical educators influence their teaching practices. Insight into these beliefs is important for medical schools to improve the quality of education they provide students and to guide faculty development.Several studies in the field of higher education have explored the educational beliefs of educators, resulting in classifications that provide a structural basis for diverse beliefs. However, few classification studies have been conducted in the field of medical education. We propose a framework that describes faculty beliefs about teaching, learning, and knowledge which is specifically adapted to the medical education context. The proposed framework describes a matrix in which educational beliefs are organised two dimensionally into belief orientations and belief dimensions. The belief orientations range from teaching-centred to learning-centred; the belief dimensions represent qualitatively distinct aspects of beliefs, such as ‘desired learning outcomes’ and ‘students’ motivation’.MethodsWe conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 26 faculty members, all of whom were deeply involved in teaching, from two prominent medical schools. We used the original framework of Samuelowicz and Bain as a starting point for context-specific adaptation. The qualitative analysis consisted of relating relevant interview fragments to the Samuelowicz and Bain framework, while remaining open to potentially new beliefs identified during the interviews. A range of strategies were employed to ensure the quality of the results.ResultsWe identified a new belief dimension and adapted or refined other dimensions to apply in the context of medical education. The belief orientations that have counterparts in the original Samuelowicz and Bain framework are described more precisely in the new framework. The new framework sharpens the boundary between teaching-centred and learning-centred belief orientations. ConclusionsOur findings confirm the relevance of the structure of the original Samuelowicz and Bain beliefs framework. However, multiple adaptations and refinements were necessary to align the framework to the context of medical education. The refined belief dimensions and belief orientations enable a comprehensive description of the educational beliefs of medical educators. With these adaptations, the new framework provides a contemporary instrument to improve medical education and potentially assist in faculty development of medical educators.