bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design thinking and methods in library practice and graduate library education
Authors: Clarke Rachel Ivy , Amonkar Satyen , Rosenblad Ann
Published: September 2019

Despite interest in the application of design thinking and methods in librarianship, there seems to be a disconnect between application and education to support it. This study used an online questionnaire to elicit feedback from library workers in the United States about interest in and use of design thinking and methods in library practice, and the need for design skills and abilities in library education. We found that practicing librarians perceive design thinking and methods have relevance to library work, but opinions vary based on library type and nature of the work. Design thinking and methods were used mostly for space planning and program development, with applications emphasizing empathy and user/community understanding aspects—despite myriad other possibilities. Most respondents were in favor of including design thinking and methods in MLIS programs, which can support more robust applications through inclusion of the theoretical, philosophical, and epistemological underpinnings from which design thinking and methods emerge.
Nursing students’ perspective on a caring relationship in clinical supervision
Authors: Honkavuo Leena
Published: September 2019

Background

Nursing students spend approximately half of their time in clinical practice. It is important that clinical supervisors understand nursing students’ path of learning and can support their growth and development during the different and multifaceted learning situations offered in the clinical-practice period.

Objective

Based on nursing students’ perspective and rooted in the didactics of caring science, to examine how a learning and constructive caring relationship between nursing students and supervisors in clinical practice can be formed.

Design

Qualitative and quantitative concurrent triangulation design of mixed methods.

Methods

Focus group interviews with Finnish nursing students (n = 21) in the qualitative part of the study. In the quantitative part, a closed questionnaire with closed answers was analysed using descriptive statistics. The analysis process was conducted using inductive content analysis.

Ethical considerations

Ethical issues were considered throughout the research process according to ethical principles and scientific guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from the informants, confidentiality regarding the data material was guaranteed and quotations were anonymized.

Results

A caring relationship between nursing students and supervisors is based on mutual respect, the ethos of responsibility, motivation, willingness and professionalism. Dignity and a caring ethical approach, where nursing students feel they belong, are recognized, seen and heard enables learning and professional development. It is also significant that the supervisor’s actions and reflections are ethically defensible, equal and protect nursing students from suffering and various power relationships in clinical practice.

Conclusion

A good cooperative relationship and shared responsibility between the nurse education institution, which offers theory and prepares nursing students for the encounter with clinical practice and the healthcare organizations is crucial for enabling a caring relationship in clinical supervision.
Involuntary Displacement and Human Security: A Study of the Kaptai Dam in Bangladesh
Authors: Nayak Arun Kumar
Published: September 2019

Involuntary displacement caused by development projects has become a great concern in the present era of the free market economy across the globe. There has been extensive research on involuntary displacement; however, it was confined to subjects like anthropology, sociology, and development studies earlier. However, after the 1990s, a very useful theoretical approach to human security is evolving in analyzing the effects of involuntary displacement caused by a number of reasons. Studying the case of the Kaptai Dam of Bangladesh, the study shows that it has brought a broad range of human insecurities into focus—like economic insecurity, food insecurity, health insecurity, environmental insecurity, community insecurity, personal insecurity, and political insecurity. Hence, the paper has suggested for the application of human security approach as a useful tool for researchers while studying the global problems of involuntary displacement.
PY-RATE ADVENTURES: A 2D Platform Serious Game for Learning the Basic Concepts of Programming With Python
Authors: Sideris Grigorios , Xinogalos Stelios
Published: September 2019

Background. Learning programming is a cognitively demanding field of study accompanied with various difficulties. Although there is a high demand in the market for programmers, software analysts and engineers, a high dropout rate is recorded in relevant fields of study. Serious games are a promising means of engaging students in learning programming by giving them more incentives and making the process of learning programming concepts and languages more entertaining.

Aim. This article introduces a new serious game called PY-RATE ADVENTURES, which aims to assist young students in their introduction to the basic programming concepts using Python. The game does not have any prerequisites and is suitable for players with no previous knowledge of programming. This article aims to present important information regarding the analysis, design and pilot evaluation of PY-RATE ADVENTURES.

Method. The game was evaluated by 31 people that had recently graduated or were students of an Interdepartmental Programme of Postgraduate Studies in Information Systems. The participants voluntarily played the game and answered a questionnaire based on the MEEGA+ model, after their hands on experience with the game. This questionnaire’s purpose was to evaluate PY-RATE ADVENTURES in terms of perceived player experience and short-term learning.

Results. The participants positively evaluated the game almost in all the elements of player experience. Furthermore, the majority of the users consider that the game helped them to learn basic programming concepts in Python and stated that they would prefer to learn programming with this game rather than other teaching methods.

Conclusion. The positive results of the pilot evaluation give us the motivation to proceed and evaluate the game with students in secondary education, in order to extract stronger and generalisable conclusions regarding the impact of the game as an educational tool for learning programming concepts.
MicroRNA-483-3p Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Induces Chemoresistance of Wilms’ Tumor Cells
Authors: Che Guanghua , Gao Hang , Tian Jing , Hu Qibo , Xie Hongchang , Zhang Yunfeng
Published: September 2019

Wilms’ tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. MiRNAs are important regulators in multiple cancers including Wilms’ tumor. In this study, we examined the role of miR-483-3p on proliferation, chemosensitivity, migration, and invasion of Wilms’ tumor cells. The proliferation of Wilms’ tumor cells was examined using WST-1 assay. The migration and invasion of Wilms’ tumor cells were evaluated by transwell migration assay and matrigel invasion assay. The protein expression levels were detected by Western blot. The effect of miR-483-3p on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in Wilms’ tumor cells was evaluated by caspase-Glo3/7 assay. Forced expression of miR-483-3p promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion in Wilms’ tumor cells. Meanwhile, miR-483-3p decreased the sensitivity of Wilms’ tumor cells after doxorubicin treatment. MiR-483-3p inhibited the doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in Wilms’ tumor cells by the regulation of BAX and Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, miR-483-3p regulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition by affecting the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, snail, and vimentin in Wilms’ tumor cells. Further studies showed that the expression levels of PTEN and p-AKT in Wilms’ tumor cells were changed after aberrant expression of miR-483-3p by binding to 3′-UTR of PTEN. Our study suggests that miR-483-3p played important roles in proliferation and progression in Wilms’ tumor cells and might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and predict chemotherapy response in Wilms’ tumor.
Glycemic outcomes related to depression in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Egbuonu Ifeoma , Trief Paula M , Roe Cheryl , Weinstock Ruth S
Published: September 2019

Glycemic outcomes of adults with type 1 diabetes may be affected by depression. Our aim was to compare outcomes of “depressed” (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ⩾ 10, N = 83) to “not-depressed” matched control (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 < 3, N = 166) adults with type 1 diabetes with objective measures. The depressed group had poorer blood glucose control and, for those with glucose meter downloads, fewer glucose tests/day. The groups did not differ on glucose variability or episodes of hypoglycemia. Depression in adults with type 1 diabetes is associated with poorer glycemic control and less blood glucose monitoring. Future research should examine whether treatment of depression results in better self-care and glycemic outcomes.
Normality, subjectivity and mental health: A genealogy of Danish psychiatry, 1938–2017
Authors: Clemmensen Malene Broch , Køppe Simo
Published: September 2019

The increasing prevalence of mental disorders together with the uncertain validity of psychopathological diagnostics challenges psychiatry as the primary home of studying, diagnosing and treating mental health problems and developing mental healthcare. This marks an emerging paradigmatical shift towards ‘alternative’ mental health perspectives. With the ambition of attending authoritatively in definitory practices, contemporary scholars of psychology, sociology, anthropology and philosophy call for an interdisciplinary approach to mental health, with a predominant focus on the subject. We argue that a paradigmatical shift of mental health requires structural–historical considerations of the foundations upon which subjectivity has been and still is manifested through psychiatry. On this basis, we critically investigate fluctuating psychiatric discourses on subjectivity, normality and pathology. We conducted a genealogical analysis of 13 psychiatric sources (1938–2017) focusing on ‘Psychopathy’ as a fluctuating diagnosis. We elucidate how subject concepts in psychiatry develop in parallel to subject concepts in society and culture, exemplified through convincing similarities between psychopathic symptoms and neoliberal ideals. Considerations like these, offer scholars valuable bases for mental health research and debate, and also valuable insights to healthcare professionals.
The prison-televisual complex
Authors: Page Allison , Ouellette Laurie
Published: September 2019

In 2016, the A&E cable network partnered with the Clark County Jail in Jeffersonville, Indiana, to incarcerate seven volunteers as undercover prisoners for two months. This article takes the reality television franchise 60 Days In as a case study for analyzing the convergence of prison and television, and the rise of what we call the prison-televisual complex in the United States, which denotes the imbrication of the prison system with the television industry, not simply television as an ideological apparatus. 60 Days In represents an entanglement between punishment and the culture industries, whereby carceral logics flow into the business and cultural practices of entertainment, and the demands of the attention economy – ratings, content, profitability, sharing – come to bear on the prison as a disciplinary institution. The prison-televisual complex, we argue, participates in and facilitates carceral governing practices, including the TV industry’s involvement in the classification, criminalization, and warehousing of dispossessed populations.
Transient uniformity model predictive control in dealing with non-uniformity of multivariable systems
Authors: Wang XiaoQiong , Incecik Atilla , Li Zhixiong , Hu Bin , Ma Yong
Published: September 2019

In this article, the model predictive control scheme is studied for a class of multiple-input multiple-output linear systems with different transient trajectories among the outputs. To eliminate the transient errors among the outputs, a modified model predictive control scheme is designed making one output track following the reference while the other outputs track following this output instead of the reference. Utilizing the specified output as the alternative reference for all the other outputs, a constructive model predictive control scheme is developed to diminish the differences of the transient-state trajectories among each output such that both the uniformity of the transient-state trajectories and the optimal steady-state trajectories are achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed transient uniformity model predictive control scheme is demonstrated in the experiment of the semiconductor wafer manufacturing baking process. The experimental results show that the transient uniformity model predictive control scheme has successfully reduced the integral square error of transient-state uniformity between any two outputs by 90% as compared to the conventional model predictive control scheme. The robustness of the proposed scheme has also been experimentally evaluated in the presence of external disturbance and plant modeling inaccuracy.
‘Walk softly and carry no stick’: Culture, opportunity and irresponsible risk-taking in the Irish banking sector
Authors: McGrath Joe
Published: September 2019

This article examines the generative conditions giving rise to the commission of irresponsible risk-taking in the Irish banking sector using differential association and opportunity theories. This framework is used as a lens to demonstrate how, at both an individual and a group level, ideas, beliefs, expectations, rewards and punishments had a causal impact on banking culture, where competitive and aggressive risk-taking was prioritised, networked and routinised. Though differential association theory and opportunity theory are usually treated as separate (and somewhat opposing) perspectives, this article offers a framework that integrates them both. It employs differential association only as a partial explanation, explaining that wrongdoing does not occur only where there is an excess of ‘definitions’ favouring it; it occurs when capable guardians are removed or undercut. The opportunity perspective is adopted to examine how the absence of credible supervision and enforcement in the financial services sector created situational conditions that facilitated wrongdoing. Moreover, opportunity theory is valuable in this context because it explains that the extent to which protection is offered often depends on political processes to create a structure and culture of enforcement and prosecution of offenders. Prior to the crisis, Ireland was championing light-touch regulation, advertising itself as an attractive place to do business, in which there was insufficient political support for tough sanctions to address financial wrongdoing.
How Did the AFL National Draft Mitigate Perverse Incentives?
Authors: Chandrakumaran Jemuel
Published: September 2019

Similar to the National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, the reverse-order nature of the Australian Football League (AFL) national player draft has often times been speculated to induce tanking. However, a prior study found that there is no evidence of tanking within the AFL. This study tests this assumption under four periods, namely, pre-2006, 2006-2011, 2012-2014, and post-2014, to reflect the changes in rules. While the results concur with the previous study, the behavior of teams in the priority pick era of the draft finds evidence to the contrary.
A Comparative Study of Chitosan Gel and Soframycin in the Management of Wounds
Authors: Khanna Kushagra , Sharma Deeksha , Khar Roop Krishen , Karwasra Ritu , Sharma Nitin , Nishad Dhruv Kumar , Bhatnagar Aseem , Popli Harvinder
Published: September 2019

Wounds and related injuries remain a major cause of death and disability. Healing of wound is a complex, highly regulated process that includes cellular, molecular, biochemical, and physiological events that permit living organisms to repair accidental lesions. Therefore, dealing with wounds has always been a subject of concern to the world, and demand for products in wound management had increased to $9.3 trillion worldwide in the health care industry, affecting economic growth. The present work aimed to assess the wound healing effect of chitosan, and a comparative profile with soframycin is established in experimental animals. Enormous research reports, the wound healing properties of chitosan, but the protective mechanism implicated in wound healing activity of chitosan is unknown. In addition to this, we evaluated the anatomical, macroscopical, and histopathological alterations in wounds of experimental rats. Collagenase activity was performed to determine the granulation tissue formation and epithelialization of wounds treated with untainted chitosan. Wounds treated with glycerated chitosan gel, that is, GCG-3 (high degree of deacetylation), showed faster healing with highest percentage of contraction as compared with the soframycin-treated group. The healing of wounds was found to be 85% in GCG-3 on the sixth day of treatment, showing significant ( P < .001) improvement in epithelial tissue. The collagenase activity in GCG-3 was 192 unit/mg of protein. Wound reepithelialization was found to be to 94 ± 4% in case of the GCG-3-treated group and 87 ± 5% in the soframycin-treated group. Higher degree of deacetylation in the chitosan, GCG-3, warrants its use in the treatment and management of dermal wounds.
Ground-Level Falls at Skilled Nursing Facilities Are Associated With More Serious Lower Extremity Injuries Compared With Home
Authors: Hasjim Bima J. , Grigorian Areg , Kuza Catherine M. , Schubl Sebastian , Barrios Cristobal , Chin Theresa L. , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: September 2019

Ground-level falls (GLFs) are the number one cause of injury and death in the older adult population. We compared injury profiles of GLFs at SNFs to those at homes, hypothesizing that GLFs at SNFs would lead to higher risks for serious (AIS ≥ 3) traumatic brain injury (TBI) and lower extremity (LE) injuries compared to GLFs at home. The 2015-2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program was used to compare patients sustaining GLFs at home and SNFs. From 15,873 patients sustaining GLFs, 14,306 (90.1%) occurred at home while 1,567 (9.9%) at SNFs. More patients with GLFs at SNFs were female, older, and had greater incidence of congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and dementia ( p < 0.001) compared to those at home. Although, GLF SNF patients had lower injury severity scores (9 vs. 10, p < 0.001) and incidence for TBI (28.0% vs 33.4%, p < 0.001), they had a higher rate of femur fractures (55.1% vs. 38.9%, p < 0.001). After controlling for female, end stage renal disease, smoking, dementia, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke, patients falling at SNFs had an increased risk of sustaining serious LE injury AIS (OR 1.64, p < 0.001), but not serious TBI AIS (OR 0.89, p = 0.073). In conclusion, compared to GLFs at home, those at SNFs have a higher risk for serious LE injury, with femur fractures being the most common. However, GLFs at SNFs and homes had no significant difference in risk for serious TBI. Future studies are warranted to evaluate preventative measures to reduce LE injuries at SNFs.
Moving Metabolism to Make Inroads in a Model of Mitochondrial Epilepsy
Authors: Lyman Kyle A. , Chetkovich Dane M.
Published: September 2019

[Box: see text]
The effect of laser surface texturing to inhibit stick-slip phenomenon in sliding contact
Authors: Wang Hao , Xie Xuan , Hua Xijun , Yin Bifeng , Du Hang , Xu Sheng , Qiu Bai Jing
Published: September 2019

Stick-slip phenomenon in some mechanical structures, especially in machine tools, should be eliminated or inhibited, otherwise the vibration will occur and the position error will inevitably be obtained. In this study, different kinds of surface textures were carried out on the lower samples of the pin-on-disk contact. The starting process of the machine tools was simulated on an Rtec-Multi-Function Tribometer. The stick-slip phenomenon was observed in each kind of samples. However, the stick-slip phenomenon of smooth sample is larger than that of the textured samples. The bulge-textured surface shows excellent anti-stick-slip effect, and the critical stick-slip speed of bulge-textured surface is 95.9% lower than that of the smooth surface. Simultaneously, the anti-stick-slip effect of bulge-textured surface is superior to that of the dent-shaped texturing surface. What’s more, when the amount of lubricating oil is 15 mL, the standard deviation values of friction coefficient and critical speed of stick-slip phenomena (rotational speed when the standard deviation of friction coefficient is abrupt) are the lowest at different rotational speeds. It can be predicted that the bulge textures and adequate amount of lubricating oil (15 mL) can eliminate stick-slip phenomenon when processed in the surface of the machine tool because the bulge textures and adequate amount of lubricating oil can improve frictional state effectively and avoid the slip of the contact surface.
Personating the Ripper: Civilian Performance and the Melodramatic Mode
Authors: Duncan Sophie
Published: September 2019

This article illuminates how the Ripper murders and their 1888 coverage re-theatricalised not only London, but many provincial towns. It looks beyond canonical theatrical contexts for, and responses to the Ripper, exploring extra-theatrical, popular performance ‘scenarios’ by civilian men, outside professional sites of theatricalised or medicalised spectatorship. It examines how civilian men personated key figures in the Ripper ‘scenario’: the plain-clothes detective, the Ripper's female victims, and the Ripper himself. These civilian performances illuminate our understandings of fin-de-siècle masculinity and its intersections with the melodramatic mode in theatre and culture. Simultaneously interrogating these performances through the lenses of fin-de-siècle theatre culture, the periodical press, and the anthropology of ritual magic reveals the cultural complexities of the ‘personations’ happening in streets and homes across the United Kingdom.
Novel insights into the treatment of complement-mediated hemolytic anemias
Authors: Berentsen Sigbjørn , Hill Anita , Hill Quentin A. , Tvedt Tor Henrik Anderson , Michel Marc
Published: September 2019

Complement-mediated hemolytic anemias can either be caused by deficiencies in regulatory complement components or by autoimmune pathogenesis that triggers inappropriate complement activation. In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) hemolysis is entirely complement-driven. Hemolysis is also thought to be complement-dependent in cold agglutinin disease (CAD) and in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH), whereas warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) is a partially complement-mediated disorder, depending on the subtype of wAIHA and the extent of complement activation. The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and current therapies for these diseases are reviewed in this article. Novel, complement-directed therapies are being rapidly developed. Therapeutic terminal complement inhibition using eculizumab has revolutionized the therapy and prognosis in PNH but has proved less efficacious in CAD. Upstream complement modulation is currently being investigated and appears to be a highly promising therapy, and two such agents have entered phase II and III trials. Of these, the anti-C1s monoclonal antibody sutimlimab has shown favorable activity in CAD, while the anti-C3 cyclic peptide pegcetacoplan appears to be promising in PNH as well as CAD, and may also have a therapeutic potential in wAIHA.
An Exploratory Study of Person-Centered Care in a Large Urban Hemodialysis Program in Canada Using a Qualitative Case-Study Methodology
Authors: Lewis Rachel A. , Benzies Karen M. , MacRae Jennifer , Thomas Chandra , Tonelli Marcello
Published: September 2019

Background:

Person-centered care (PCC) can benefit patients, clinical staff, and health care organizations, but has not yet been widely adopted into practice. Hemodialysis is a unique care environment in which clinical staff can be involved with patients for protracted periods of time each week and often over a number of years. While kidney care is arguably more holistic than other chronic condition management programs, most patients requiring hemodialysis do not receive care that is optimally person-centered.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to explore how care is experienced and provided in a large urban hemodialysis program in western Canada in relation to key principles of PCC. In addition, we wanted to understand what factors at an individual, unit, and organizational level facilitate or inhibit PCC in this environment.

Methods:

We used a qualitative case-study approach to explore multiple perspectives of care provision using a number of data sources including semi-structured interviews with patients, family members, clinical staff, and administrative staff, as well as observing patterns of clinical practice in local hemodialysis units.

Findings:

In our study of a single hemodialysis program, we found limited evidence of PCC. Overall, patients reported that their care was good and they had positive relationships with their care team. However, they did not feel involved in decisions regarding their care or consider it to be individualized. In general, providers acknowledged the potential benefits of PCC but were constrained in their practice by a number of factors, including individual perceptions of their role, a prescriptive care environment, and an organizational focus on managing demand.

Conclusions:

Evidence of PCC within hemodialysis services was limited, with a number of individual, unit level, and organizational barriers mitigating against its adoption and spread.
Superior Vena Cava Flap to Reroute Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Sugimoto Ai , Shiraishi Shuichi , Takahashi Masashi , Tsuchida Masanori
Published: September 2019

A 46-year-old man who had undergone atrial septal defect closure during childhood was referred for surgery for residual partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The anomalous pulmonary veins were connected to the higher (cephalad) segment of the superior vena cava. As the usual caval division technique was not applicable, we chose to utilize the anterior wall of the superior vena cava as a flap for anomalous pulmonary vein rerouting. Bovine pericardium was used to reconstruct the systemic venous pathway. Systemic or pulmonary venous stenosis was not detected. The patient was discharged with a sinus rhythm.
Utility of Pre- and Postoperative Computed Tomography Angiography for the Evaluation of a Complex Vascular Ring
Authors: Dydynski Philip B. , Austin John S. , Kozik Deborah , Alsoufi Bahaaldin
Published: September 2019

We present the case of a neonate born with an unusual complex vascular ring formed by a left-sided aortic arch that had retroesophageal course to join a right-sided descending aorta and a very large right-sided arterial ductus from the right pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. Associated finings included aortic arch hypoplasia, aberrant right subclavian artery, and aberrant origin of the left pulmonary artery from the aorta. We focus on the role of computed tomography angiography in the preoperative and postoperative assessment of this complex anomaly.
Democracy, consumption, and growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Doces John A
Published: September 2019

This article studies the effect of political regime type on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Democracy promotes growth because it conditions government consumption so that consumption is used for public purposes rather than private needs and this in turn leads to faster growth. By conditioning consumption towards public goods and away from private goods, we should see that consumption in democratic regimes is associated with more public goods like roads and education while in authoritarian regimes consumption yields less of these goods. Likewise, consumption should be associated with falling fertility in democratic regimes and rising fertility in authoritarian regimes. Using several measures of growth, the empirical estimates from a large- n fixed-effects regression show that democracy conditions consumption so that the latter is associated with faster growth. Moreover, the empirical analysis indicates that government consumption in democratic regimes is associated with more education completion and lower fertility rates.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Personal Economic Anxiety, Concern for the National Economy, and Distrust of Government Spending
Authors: Lotspeich Michael C. , Tolbert Charles M.
Published: September 2019

We conduct a longitudinal assessment of the effect of personal and national economic anxiety on distrust of government spending using the American National Election Studies, 1988 to 2016. Over the long haul, we find that national economic anxiety is a consistent predictor of approval of government spending. In recent times, we also observe an increasing saliency of personal economic anxiety when it comes to attitudes about government spending. After the Great Recession, we observe a convergence of personal concern and national concern that is emblematic of vast change in the political landscape.
Hair Cortisol Concentration and Mental Disorder in Children With Chronic Physical Illness
Authors: Kornelsen Emily , Buchan M. Claire , Gonzalez Andrea , Ferro Mark A.
Published: September 2019

Background

To examine changes in hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in children with chronic physical illness and identify patterns of association between HCC and mental comorbidity.

Methods

A sample of 50 children aged 6 to 16 years were recruited within six months of being diagnosed with a chronic physical illness. Data were collected via hair samples, structured interviews, and behavioral checklists.

Results

There was no change in HCC over six months. Baseline HCC was associated with internalizing—odds ratio (OR) = 1.29 (90% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.66)—and externalizing disorders—OR = 1.32 (90% CI: 1.07–1.64). Externalizing disorder at six months was associated with elevated baseline—OR = 1.25 (90% CI: 1.02–1.53)—and six-month HCC—OR = 1.25 (90% CI: 1.02–1.54). Associations between HCC and mental disorder weakened over time, and for internalizing disorders, changed direction (i.e., inverse association), albeit not significantly.

Conclusion

Results provide preliminary evidence that physiological stress, measured using HCC, may be implicated in the relationship between physical and mental illness, and these associations align with attenuated stress responses over time.
Persistence of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia of a female ATRX mutation carrier
Authors: Bradley Christian P. , Chen Cai , Oetjen Karolyn A. , Yan Cheng , Panjwani Reema , Hauffe Sara , Calvo Katherine R. , Yuan Constance , Patel Prapti Arvind , Montgomery Nathan D. , Foster Matthew C. , Battiwalla Minoo , Barrett A. John , Gibbons Richard J. , Ito Sawa
Published: September 2019

Key Points

Leukemic blasts of a female carrier of an ATRX germline mutation have persistently skewed inactivation of the X chromosome. Germline mutation in leukemia needs to be interpreted with caution because it is not always pathologic.
Perceptions and intervention preferences of Moroccan adolescents, parents, and teachers regarding risks and protective factors for risky sexual behaviors leading to sexually transmitted infections in adolescents: qualitative findings
Authors: El Kazdouh Hicham , El-Ammari Abdelghaffar , Bouftini Siham , El Fakir Samira , El Achhab Youness
Published: September 2019

Background

Sexual choices and practices of adolescents living in conservative societies, including Morocco, can be influenced either positively or negatively by the prevailing contextual and social norms. These norms not only limit the access to reproductive health information and services but also lead to abstinence among devout adolescents. Thus, identifying contextual risks and protective factors of risky sexual behaviors leading to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents, as well as exploring perceptions of adolescents, parents and teachers regarding effective intervention preferences could improve the sexual health of adolescents.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) based on the socio-ecological model as a theoretical framework. Sample groups of adolescents, parents, and teachers were selected from two public middle schools (disadvantaged and advantaged according to socio-economic level) in Taza city, Morocco, from May to July 2016. Participants were polled on protective factors and perceived facilitators of risky sexual behaviors leading to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents as well on their perception of intervention preferences to reduce the risks. Three sets of data were initially formed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Seventeen FGDs were conducted, including 8 groups of adolescents (28 boys and 28 girls, 14–16 years old), 5 groups of parents (21 males and 5 females), and 4 groups of teachers (13 males and 5 females). Five overall themes seemed to influence risky sexual behaviors in adolescents: (1) risky sexual practices and STIs; (2) the adolescent’s social domain; (3) the role of school; (4) media, including internet and social media; and (5) socio-cultural norms. Participants also suggested a number of possible interventions to improve the sexual health of adolescents and to reduce the risk of STIs, which could be applied at multiple levels.

Conclusions

Successful intervention programs should target the multifaceted factors affecting the adolescent’s sexual behaviors, from the individual to the societal level. Allowing parents, teachers, and adolescents to work together could help reduce the socio-cultural and personal barriers that prevent effective communication about sexuality. Furthermore, schools can play a vital role in reducing risky sexual behaviors and STI acquisition rates in adolescents by promoting sex education in school curriculum and encouraging adolescents to engage in extracurricular activities and awareness campaigns.
Lack of influence by endosymbiont Wolbachia on virus titer in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius
Authors: Fisher Michael L. , Levine Jay F. , Guy James S. , Mochizuki Hiroyuki , Breen Matthew , Schal Coby , Watson David W.
Published: September 2019

Background

The common bed bug,Cimex lectularius, is an obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasite that requires a blood meal to molt and produce eggs. Their frequent biting to obtain blood meals and intimate association with humans increase the potential for disease transmission. However, despite more than 100 years of inquiry into bed bugs as potential disease vectors, they still have not been conclusively linked to any pathogen or disease. This ecological niche is extraordinarily rare, given that nearly every other blood-feeding arthropod is associated with some type of human or zoonotic disease. Bed bugs rely on the bacteriaWolbachiaas an obligate endosymbiont to biosynthesize B vitamins, since they acquire a nutritionally deficient diet, but it is unknown ifWolbachiaconfers additional benefits to its bed bug host. In some insects,Wolbachiainduces resistance to viruses such as Dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile, Drosophila C and Zika, and primes the insect immune system in other blood-feeding insects.Wolbachiamight have evolved a similar role in its mutualistic association with the bed bug. In this study, we evaluated the influence ofWolbachiaon virus replication withinC. lectularius.

Methods

We used feline calicivirus as a model pathogen. We fed 40 bed bugs from an established line ofWolbachia-cured and a line ofWolbachia-positiveC. lectulariusa virus-laden blood meal, and quantified the amount of virus over five time intervals post-feeding. The antibiotic rifampicin was used to cure bed bugs ofWolbachia.

Results

There was a significant effect of time post-feeding, as the amount of virus declined by ~90% over 10 days in both groups, but no significant difference in virus titer was observed between theWolbachia-positive andWolbachia-cured groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that other mechanisms are involved in virus suppression within bed bugs, independent of the influence ofWolbachia, and our conclusions underscore the need for future research.
Intrauterine lidocaine and naproxen for analgesia during intrauterine device insertion: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Miles Shana M. , Shvartsman Katerina , Dunlow Susan
Published: September 2019

Background

This study evaluates oral naproxen and intrauterine instillation of lidocaine for analgesia with intrauterine device (IUD) placement as compared to placebo.

Methods

This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients desiring levonorgestrel 52 mg IUD or Copper T380A IUD were randomized into treatment groups. Patients received either oral naproxen 375 mg or placebo approximately 1 h prior to procedure in conjunction with 5 mL of 2% lidocaine or 5 mL of intrauterine saline. The primary outcome was pain with IUD insertion measured on a visual analog scale immediately following the procedure. Prespecified secondary outcomes included physician pain assessment, post procedure analgesia, satisfaction with procedure, satisfaction with IUD, and pain assessment related to IUD type.

Results

From June 4, 2014 to October 28, 2016 a total of 160 women desiring Copper T380A or levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine device insertion and meeting study criteria were enrolled and randomized in the study. Of these, 157 (78 in the Copper T380A arm, 79 in the levonorgestrel 52 mg) received study treatment medication. There were 39 in naproxen/lidocaine arm, 39 in placebo/lidocaine arm, 40 in naproxen/placebo arm, and 39 in placebo/placebo arm. There were no differences in the mean pain scores for IUD placement between treatment groups (naproxen/lidocaine 3.38 ± 2.49; lidocaine only 2.87 ± 2.13; naproxen only 3.09 ± 2.18; placebo 3.62 ± 2.45). There was no difference in self-medication post procedure or in satisfaction with the procedure and IUD among women in the treatment arms or by type of IUD.

Conclusion

Naproxen with or without intrauterine lidocaine does not reduce pain with IUD placement.

Clinical trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02769247. Registered May 11, 2016, Retrospectively registered
Mapping differential vulnerabilities and rights: ‘opening’ access to social protection for forcibly displaced populations
Authors: Sabates-Wheeler Rachel
Published: September 2019

In recent years, forcibly displaced populations have attracted enormous media attention as an increasing number of disasters and political conflicts push more and more people to move away from their homes and seek refuge and opportunities in other places. At the same time, political nervousness about the financial and institutional capability of ‘receiving’ locations to adequately respond to the needs of these large-scale population movements contributes to the shrinking space for thinking about the rights and needs of people on the move. It is precisely because of these global trends that the plight of forcibly displaced populations is becoming more precarious and vulnerable, yet standard social protection provision rarely attends to the plight of these people. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the remit and implications for including a consideration of forcibly displaced populations (including internally displaced people, refugees and asylum seekers) within social protection policy and programming. Drawing on a limited number of recent initiatives, we suggest some ways in which social protection can be ‘opened’ for these groups.
Correction to: Unpacking domestic preferences in the policy-‘receiving’ state: the EU’s migration cooperation with Senegal and Ghana
Authors: Mouthaan Melissa
Published: September 2019

In the original publication of this article (Mouthaan, 2019), the last section heading has been processed incorrectly as ‘List of interviews’ instead of ‘Conclusion’. The original publication of this article has been corrected.
Neovessel as first manifestation of relapse of associated multifocal choroiditis and MEWDS
Authors: Morizot Eduardo , Schiavo Froner Camila
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To report a case of multifocal choroiditis (MC) that has relapsed as choroidal neovascularization in the contralateral eye followed by a mixed aspect of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) and MC.

Methods

Retrospective case report and literature review. The clinical findings were documented by fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Results

The authors describe the case of a 39-year-old woman with prior ocular history of presumed MEWDS in her left eye, which developed into MC 7 years later in the same eye and 11 years later in the right eye, starting as choroidal neovascularization and developing into MEWDS. OCT-A showed neovessel in a supposedly active MC area outside the macular region in right and left eyes. OCT showed increased choroidal thickness in both eyes and a choroidal neovascularization in the right eye, treated using anti- VEGF therapy.

Conclusion

This case corroborates the proximity of some inflammatory diseases such as MC and MEWDS. OCT-A has opened new horizons for the better understanding of some retinal diseases by providing more thorough and promising morphological analyses using enhanced tools.
Identification of microRNA in Houttuynia cordata Thunb and prediction of cross kingdom functions
Authors: He Jiajian , Chen Ting , Xi Qingyun , Sun Jiajie , Luo Junyi , Li Meng , Zhang Haojie , Zeng Bin , Wu Jiahan , Zhang Yongliang
Published: September 2019

Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Family: Saururaceae) is well known as a traditional medicine plant and widely spread in China, Japan and India. It had been reported to have potential functions such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory in human. Recently, it has been reported that the plant-derived microRNA(miRNA) possibly transported from one species to another and exerted a cross kingdom regulation, and miRNA has been considered as medicinal ingredents in herbs. However, knowledge is still rare about miRNAs in H. cordata. In this study we identified 163 conserved miRNAs and 30 novel miRNAs by high-throughput sequencing, and then randomly selected miRNA’s expression trend was identified by q-PCR, which was consistent with the sequencing result. Further bioinformatics analyses showed that the targets of H. cordata miRNAs were enriched in endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption pathways, melanogenesis, insulin signaling pathway, and aldosterone -regulated sodium reabsorption pathways. These results will be helpful to understand new active components in H. cordata as food and traditional Chinese medicine. This study is the first report of miRNAs in H. cordata, and provides valuable data for further understanding the cross kingdom function of active components in H.cordata.
Prognostic Significance of MYC Rearrangement and Translocation Partner in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Study by the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium
Authors: Rosenwald Andreas , Bens Susanne , Advani Ranjana , Barrans Sharon , Copie-Bergman Christiane , Elsensohn Mad-Helenie , Natkunam Yaso , Calaminici Maria , Sander Birgitta , Baia Maryse , Smith Alexandra , Painter Daniel , Pham Luu , Zhao Shuchun , Ziepert Marita , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Molina Thierry J. , Kersten Marie José , Kimby Eva , Klapper Wolfram , Raemaekers John , Schmitz Norbert , Jardin Fabrice , Stevens Wendy B.C. , Hoster Eva , Hagenbeek Anton , Gribben John G. , Siebert Reiner , Gascoyne Randy D. , Scott David W. , Gaulard Philippe , Salles Gilles , Burton Catherine , de Jong Daphne , Sehn Laurie H. , Maucort-Boulch Delphine
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

MYC rearrangement ( MYC-R) occurs in approximately 10% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) and has been associated with poor prognosis in many studies. The impact of MYC-R on prognosis may be influenced by the MYC partner gene (immunoglobulin [IG] or a non-IG gene). We evaluated a large cohort of patients through the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium to validate the prognostic significance of MYC-R (single-, double-, and triple-hit status) in DLBCL within the context of the MYC partner gene.

METHODS

The study cohort included patients with histologically confirmed DLBCL morphology derived from large prospective trials and patient registries in Europe and North America who were uniformly treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone therapy or the like. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for the MYC, BCL2, BCL6, and IG heavy and light chain loci was used, and results were correlated with clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 5,117 patients were identified of whom 2,383 (47%) had biopsy material available to assess for MYC-R. MYC-R was present in 264 (11%) of 2,383 patients and was associated with a significantly shorter progression-free and overall survival, with a strong time-dependent effect within the first 24 months after diagnosis. The adverse prognostic impact of MYC-R was only evident in patients with a concurrent rearrangement of BCL2 and/or BCL6 and an IG partner (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.6; P < .001).

CONCLUSION

The negative prognostic impact of MYC-R in DLBCL is largely observed in patients with MYC double hit/triple-hit disease in which MYC is translocated to an IG partner, and this effect is restricted to the first 2 years after diagnosis. Our results suggest that diagnostic strategies should be adopted to identify this high-risk cohort, and risk-adjusted therapeutic approaches should be refined further.
A Review on Basic Income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy by Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght
Authors: Calsamiglia Caterina , Flamand Sabine
Published: September 2019

In order to clarify the potential impact of a basic income, we argue that any discussion on whether to adopt a basic income policy should be framed within the greater context of the transfer system as a whole. In particular, such discussion should consider separately the issues of (i) the desired income distribution to be achieved and (ii) the most efficient way of achieving it through a transfer system. Further, we stress the importance of the non-take-up phenomenon in current transfer systems and discuss the potential necessity of a basic income policy in the age of automation. (JEL D31, I32, I38)
Διδάσκοντας τις διεργασίες ανάπτυξης των φυτών σε μαθητές του δημοτικού με τη χρήση tablets. Αποτελέσματα από πιλοτική εφαρμογή
Authors: Αργυρού Τσαμπίκα , Φωκίδης Εμμανουήλ
Published: September 2019

Η εργασία παρουσιάζει τα αποτελέσματα από πιλοτικό πρόγραμμα στο οποίο χρησιμοποιήθηκαν tablets και μικρο-εφαρμογές με στοιχεία επαυξημένης πραγματικότητα για τη διδασκαλία της θρέψης των φυτών σε μαθητές της Στ΄ τάξης του δημοτικού. Η διάρκεια του προγράμματος ήταν τέσσερα διδακτικά δίωρα και το δείγμα ήταν 60 μαθητές χωρισμένων σε τρεις ομάδες. Η πρώτη ομάδα διδάχθηκε συμβατικά. Η διδασκαλία στη δεύτερη και τρίτη ομάδα στηρίχθηκε στο μοντέλο των Driver και Oldham, με τη διαφορά ότι στη μία χρησιμοποιήθηκε έντυπο υλικό ενώ στην άλλη χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα tablets. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε μέσα από φύλλα αξιολόγησης. Επιπλέον, στην ομάδα που διδάχθηκε μέσω tablets, χορηγήθηκε ερωτηματολόγιο για την καταγραφή των απόψεων των μαθητών. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας δεν έδειξαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές ανάμεσα στις τρεις ομάδες όσον αφορά τις επιδόσεις τους. Παρόλα αυτά, μέσα από το ερωτηματολόγιο, φάνηκε η θετική στάση των μαθητών απέναντι στη χρήση των tablets και τα αυξημένα κίνητρά τους για μάθηση, αναδεικνύοντας την ανάγκη για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση μεθόδων ένταξής τους στο σχολείο.