bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renal hydatid cyst: Urinary cytological diagnosis
Authors: Noi Ivan , Cohen Isaac , Loberant Norman
Published: February 2007

Echinococcal disease is endemic in many areas of Asia, Europe, South America, the Near East, Australia, and New Zealand. Hepatic and pulmonary cysts are the most common presentation.

Isolated renal hydatid cyst is an uncommon presentation of echinococcal disease, since renal involvement occurs in only 2–3% of cases. We present the case of a young man with renal colic, in whom the diagnosis of renal hydatid disease was established cytologically.

Urine cytology, performed because of persistent hematuria, revealed scolices of Echinococcus granulosus and prompted further imaging investigation, and, ultimately, surgical treatment. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc
Pilomatrixoma: A description of two cases diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Ortiz Javier , Macías Carmen García , Abad Mar , Flores Teresa , Paz José I. , Bullón Agustín
Published: February 2007

The present work reports on the findings obtained by fine‐needle aspiration of two pilomatrixomas located on the upper limbs whose diagnosis was confirmed histologically. in both cases, the cytology disclosed a proliferation of small round basaloid cells that were dispersed and grouped in clusters together with squamous cells and abundant multinucleate giant cells. the differential diagnosis with other neoplasms is discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus: Aspiration biopsy, immunocytochemistry, and clinicopathologic correlates
Authors: Gherardi Giorgio , Marveggio Cristina , Placidi Antonio
Published: February 2007

We report three cases of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma originating primarily in the anterior mediastinum which had been initially investigated by fine‐needle aspiration cytology in conjunction with immunocytochemistry and subsequently recognized as thymic in origin. Aspirates consisted of loosely cohesive or aggregated medium sized elements with round to oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. in all cases the Romanowsky stain provided an excellent delineation of definite paranuclear inclusion‐like structures having a semicircular or discoid appearance which appeared to contain cytokeratin by immunocytochemical studies and were very similar to the intermediate filament paranuclear “buttons” found in neuroendocrine Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin. This appears to be a novel cytologic observation for thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma. We discuss the significance of the above cytologic and immunocytochemical findings and their possible role in the diagnosis of thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of adenoid (Acantholytic) squamous‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Dodd Leslie G.
Published: February 2007

Adenoid squamous‐cell carcinoma (ASCCa) is an uncommon cancer which occurs most frequently in the skin of the head and neck region of elderly, sun‐exposed individuals. Histologically, ASCCa is characterized by gland‐like, “adenoid” cell groups with a central, detached acantholytic cellular component and an intact peripheral rim of cells. the cytological features of five fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples from four patients with primary or metastatic ASCCa are presented. These were assessed for features which would allow distinction of this variant from conventional squamous carcinoma. the adenoid component was represented in FNAC by intact, sometimes three‐dimensional cell groups simulating glandular structures. Also present were cells in short chains of two or three in single cell files and scattered, individual dyskeratotic cells. Individual cells had rounded, accentuated borders, cytoplasmic keratinization, and often pyknotic nuclei, representing acantholytic cells from the adenoid “lumens.” Features of malignancy, including cellular atypia and increased mitotic rate, were present allowing for distinction between ASCCa and benign acantholytic processes such as pemphigus. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology: Diagnosis of hydatid disease of the abdomen and thorax
Authors: Das Dilip K. , Bhambhani Suresh , Pant Chandra S.
Published: February 2007

Eight cases of hydatid disease of the abdomen and thorax were diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology under ultrasound guidance. the age of the patients ranged from 28 to 60 yr with a median of 34.5 yr; the male to female ratio was 2:6. None of the cases were diagnosed clinically as hydatid diseases but following ultrasonography suspicion of hydatid cyst was raised in two cases. the locations of cysts were the liver in six cases, the lung in one case, and the mediastinum in one case. FNA yielded clear fluid in five cases and turbid fluid in three cases. Laminated cyst wall, scolices, and hooklets were observed in one case, scolices and hooklets were present in two cases, and laminated cyst wall along with hooklets were seen in two cases. the remaining three cases showed only laminated cyst walls which yielded positive reaction with periodic acid‐Schiff reaction. Inflammatory cell reaction in the form of neutrophils was observed in four cases, including the three cases where turbid fluid was aspirated. Epithelioid cell reaction was present in one case. None of our eight cases showed any untoward allergic reaction following FNA. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Significance of endothelium in the fine‐needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pitman Martha Bishop , Szyfelbein Wanda M.
Published: February 2007

We reviewed fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 35), benign hepatic processes (n = 35), cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (n = 6), and metastatic tumors (n = 100) to evaluate the significance of endothelium present either peripherally‐wrapping around groups of cells, (peripheral endothelium (PE)), or transgressing sheets of cells (transgressing endothelium (TE)), in distinguishing these lesions. These patterns were assessed as absent, focal, or prominent.

Thirty‐three of 35 (94%) HCCs contained either focal or prominent PE or TE, compared to only 3 of 35 (9%) benign hepatocytic lesions. Only one benign lesion contained a prominent endothelial component (TE only). Two cases of HCC failed to contain endothelium, one fibrolamellar variant and one well‐differentiated HCC. These differences were statistically significant (P < 10–5, sensitivity 94%, specificity 91%, and positive predictive value [PPV] 92%).

Neither pattern of endothelium was present in any CC or metastatic tumor. These differences were also statistically significant (P < 10–5, sensitivity 94%, and specificity and PVP 100%).

We conclude that the presence of endothelium, at least focally in either one or both distinctive patterns, is highly sensitive and specific for HCC and aides in distinguishing it from benign hepatocytic lesions, CC, and metastases. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extragonadal germ cell tumors: A fine‐needle aspiration biopsy study
Authors: Collins Kim A. , Geisinger Kim R. , Wakely Paul E. , Olympio Georgia , Silverman Jan F.
Published: February 2007

Germ cell tumors (GCT) are neoplasms that originate predominately in the ovary and testis. Tumors of germ cell origin only very uncommonly arise in extragonadal sites. We have diagnosed ten primary malignant extragonadal GCT arising in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, liver, and sacrococcygeal region by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Patient ages ranged from 1 to 54 years; the majority were males. Our series included three seminomas, three yolk sac tumors (YST), one choriocarcinoma, one embryonal carcinoma, and two mixed, poorly differentiated GCT. in aspirates, seminomatous elements are dissociated with uniform mononucleate cells having large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. A tigroid background is produced with Diff‐Quik—stained smears. YST yields cohesive clusters of cells with large nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, and extracellular hyaline matrix (spheres or hyaline globules). Giant multinucleate tumor cells are seen in choriocarcinoma. Embryonal carcinoma yields cellular smears of hyperchromatic cells with scant cytoplasm arranged predominantly in glandular or papillary formations. Ultrastructural (four cases) and immunocytochemical (seven cases) studies of aspirated material corroborated our cytologic interpretations. Aneuploid tumor cells were found by flow cytometry in aspirated material from a YST. Subsequent histologic examinations were performed on eight, and all were confirmatory. Although extragonadal GCT are relatively uncommon, they need to be considered in FNAB material from midline mass lesions. Ancillary studies were useful in confirming their diagnosis. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melanoma with signet‐ring cells in a peritoneal effusion
Authors: Niemann Theodore H. , Thomas Patricia A.
Published: February 2007

Melanoma may occasionally give rise to a malignant effusion and when this occurs it can present a challenging differential diagnosis. We present such a patient who developed a peritoneal effusion. Cytologic examination of the peritoneal fluid revealed individual malignant cells with prominent cytoplasmic vacuoles raising the possibility of a signet‐ring cell adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies were indicative of a malignant melanoma. in this case we believe that the cytoplasmic vacuoles may be a degenerative phenomenon and as such may represent another mechanism for the development of a signet‐ring morphology in malignant melanoma. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two unusual benign lesions of the neck masquerading as malignancy on fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Dundas Kristy E. , Wong Maria P. , Suen Kenneth C. , Finley James L.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of unusual benign tumors of the neck are described, both of which were initially misdiagnosed on cytology as carcinomas. Fine‐needle aspiration findings in each case demonstrated a pleomorphic population of cells including bizarre multi‐nucleated giant cells, the latter raising the false impression of malignancy. However, on review the cytological appearances of the tumors, a pleomorphic lipoma and a carotid body tumor, were characteristic. the correct diagnosis in each case would have been made or suggested if the pathologist had been familiar with the cytologic features characteristic of the lesion and the differential diagnosis of the head and neck tumors. in addition, the point is made that adequate clinical information is essential for the pathologist if all relevant conditions are not to be missed in the differential diagnosis.
Serous effusion cytology in gynecologic malignant mixed müllerian tumors
Authors: Modzelewski Joseph R. , Silverman Jan F. , Berns Lisa A. , Sobieski Michael W. , Finley James L.
Published: February 2007

We reviewed 51 serous effusions (50 peritoneal/one pleural) from 38 patients with uterine (30 cases) and ovarian (eight cases) malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT). There were 16 patients (42%) with positive effusion cytology specimens; 13 cases (81%) were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma with three cases (19%) interpreted as having a sarcomatous component. Eight of 16 positive effusion specimens had cell block material available for immunoperoxidase (IP) study that included cytokeratin (AE1/3), vimentin, muscle specific actin (HHF) and S‐100 protein to determine if unsuspected mesenchymal components were present in the cases originally diagnosed as carcinoma (six cases), or sarcomas (two cases). in the six cases originally interpreted as carcinoma, three were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma and three as poorly differentiated carcinoma. All three of the cases considered adenocarcinoma and two of those diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma reacted only with AE1/3 and vimentin. the remaining case, considered a poorly differentiated carcinoma, stained only with vimentin. in the two cases having cell blocks interpreted as having a sarcomatous component, only vimentin was positive in one while AE1/3, vimentin, HHF, and S‐100 were positive in the other. the case where all immunohistochemical stains were reactive contained both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. in the three cases considered sarcomatous, the cytomorphologic features helpful in the recognition of a mesenchymal component included a dissociated smear pattern of pleomorphic round to oval cells and/or spindle cells. in retrospect, the IP stains did not alter any of the original diagnoses. From our series, we conclude that IP stains performed on serous effusions in cases of unsuspected MMMT are generally not helpful unless the cytomorphology is suspicious for a malignant mesenchymal component. to the best of our knowledge, we believe this to be the largest series reporting the effusion cytology findings in MMMT. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Intraductal carcinoma in a male breast: Diagnosis by nipple discharge cytology
Authors: Hirschman Scott A. , Hoda Syed A. , May Michael , Cody Hiram S.
Published: February 2007

We describe a case of intraductal carcinoma (comedo type) in a 50‐yr‐old male. the patient had presented with a bloody nipple discharge, which had shown malignant cells on cytologic examination. in current clinical practice, the use of nipple discharge cytology as a screening and diagnostic tool for breast carcinoma is largely supplemental; however, this case illustrates the occasional utility of nipple discharge cytology in the diagnosis of early breast carcinoma. © 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Alteration of wilms' tumor staging by cytologic detection of malignant cells in chylous ascites
Authors: Baliga Mithra , Holmquist Nelson , Warrier Rajshekaran P.
Published: February 2007

Accurate staging as per National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) criteria is essential for therapy of Wilms' tumor. We report a unique case of a 9‐mo‐old white male in whom the diagnosis based upon clinical, radiological, surgical, and initial histopathologic findings was Stage I Wilms' tumor without regard to a positive cytologic examination of a small amount (5 ml) of chylous ascitic fluid obtained intraoperatively. This problem was clarified later at the NWTS panel review when the deeper recuts of a renal hilar lymph node revealed a single cluster of Wilms' tumor cells in capsular sinus, resulting in upstaging of tumor to Stage III. the significance of these findings in relation to staging will be discussed. © 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis: Report of a case with positive urine cytology
Authors: Rudrick Brian , Nguyen Gia‐khanh , Lakey William H.
Published: February 2007

A case of histologically and ultrastructurally confirmed carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis is reported. the patient's urine sediment showed a few groups and sheets of polygonal malignant cells with scant cytoplasm and oval nuclei displaying chromatin clumping and micronucleoli. © 1995 Willey‐ Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of automated cervical cytology screening
Authors: Slagel Daniel D. , Zaleski Sue , Cohen Michael B.
Published: February 2007

The Papanicolaou stained cervicovaginal smear (Pap smear) is a gynecologic cytologic screening tool that has dramatically reduced the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Recently, a number of problems with the Pap smear test, including severe cytotechnologist shortages, lack of internal quality controls, and high false negative rates have been emphasized by the scientific community and the general public. To address some of these problems, there has been increased development of a number of automated and semiautomated cytologic screening systems.

A semiautomated screening system (PAPNET®) was used to retrospectively evaluate 527 conventionally prepared Pap smears from 500 consecutive unselected patients. This system scanned the slides and displayed 128 of the most “abnormal” areas of each slide on a monitor. A screener reviewed these “abnormal” images in a blinded fashion and decided whether they represented variants of normal cytology, were inadequate for evaluation, or were abnormal and warranted manual review of the material. The screener's evaluations were then compared to the previously made diagnosis and discrepancies were reviewed.

After review of the images from 500 patients, 343 (69%) were deemed to be normal cytology, 140 (28%) were abnormal and needed manual review, and 17 (3%) were inadequate. Of the 343 called normal using this system, 338 were previously called normal and five patients were previously diagnosed with either atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASQUS) or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL). Of the 140 thought to need review, 43 were previously diagnosed with squamous or glandular disease and 97 were previously diagnosed as normal. Slides from the apparent false negatives and false positives were again reviewed in a blinded fashion. Of the 97 thought to need review by the automated system but with previously normal diagnosis, 15 additional cases were thought to have cytopathic changes (12 ASQUS and 3 LGSIL). Of the five patients that were called normal using the automated review but with previous disease, only two were felt to be true false negatives.

Semiautomated Pap smear screening appears to be a sensitive as well as specific method for the identification of cervical pathology. Further, it may be incorporated as a mechanism for quality control in the laboratory. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary and metastatic high‐grade carcinomas of the salivary glands: A cytologic‐histologic correlation study of twenty cases
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Bardales Ricardo H. , Farmer Charles E. , Frierson Henry F. , Suhrland Mark , Powers Celeste N. , Rollins Susan D.
Published: February 2007

We reviewed the clinical and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) findings in 20 patients with poorly differentiated carcinomas presenting initially as parotid or as submandibular masses. There were 11 primary tumors and nine metastatic malignancies in 14 males and six females ranging in age from 39 to 89 yr (median = 66). The tumor types included three primary carcinomas with oncocytic features, three additional cases of high‐grade parotid carcinoma, one case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma, two examples of malignant mixed tumor, one high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and a single example of malignant lymphoepithelial lesion. Six patients with metastatic carcinoma had previous diagnoses of malignancy. In the three remaining individuals, primary carcinomas of the lung (two cases), and an unknown primary site presented initially as parotid masses. Five examples of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, one metastatic basal cell carcinoma, and two metastatic renal cell carcinomas were identified. One parotid lymphoepithelioma was interpreted cytologically as an atypical lymphoproliferative process suggestive of Hodgkin's disease. Nineteen cases (95%) were correctly classified as carcinoma at the time of FNA. High‐grade carcinomas aspirated from the parotid may be primary, but are frequently metastatic to either the gland, or to an intraparotid lymph node. Our experience indicates that some metastatic carcinomas present at this site, without a previous history of malignancy. Distinguishing primary from metastatic lesions has important therapeutic implications. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Undifferentiated small‐cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Report of two cases with a primary urinary cytodiagnosis
Authors: Borghi Laura , Bianchini Enzo , Altavilla Giuseppe
Published: February 2007

Two undifferentiated small‐cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder are reported. The patients, 68‐ and 55‐yr‐old men, respectively, presented with painless hematuria. In the first case, numerous small, lymphocyte‐like cells with coarse chromatin, sometimes with small nucleoli, and high nuclear/cytoplasmatic ratios were found in cytologic urine specimens. A cytodiagnosis of undifferentiated small‐cell cancer was made. In the second case, urine samples showed rare aggregates of small, undifferentiated cells in association with malignant urothelial cells. The cytodiagnosis of mixed tumor composed of undifferentiated small cell and transitional carcinoma was confirmed by histologic examination. The presence of focal reactivity with anti‐chromogranin antibody and neurosecretory granules via electron microscopy supports a neuroendocrine differentiation for the small neoplastic cells. The patients died 13 and 8 mo after diagnosis, respectively. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multilocular renal cyst: A diagnostic pitfall on fine‐needle aspiration cytology: Case report
Authors: Morgan Claire , Greenberg Merle L.
Published: February 2007

Benign renal lesions, apart from simple cysts, are rarely sampled by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and are potential diagnostic pitfalls. A complex renal mass in a 33‐yr‐old pregnant woman, presenting in the second trimester with haematuria, was aspirated twice, a week apart, under ultrasound guidance. The second FNAB yielded predominantly mesenchymal elements thought to represent an angiomyolipoma, but the mass was identified as a multilocular renal cyst (MLRC) on the nephrectomy specimen. Differential diagnoses of angiomyolipoma, MLRC, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are compared and discussed in relation to patient management. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of immunostaining for muscle specific actin in detection of myoepithelial cells in breast fine‐needle aspirates
Authors: Masood Shahla , Lu Leo , Assaf‐Munasifi Manal (Nola) , McCaulley Karen
Published: February 2007

Myoepithelial cells play an important role in the interpretation of breast fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, since these cells are believed to be a component of a benign process in breast lesions. Myoepithelial cells are usually easy to recognize, however, other cells can morphologically simulate myoepithelial cells and make the distinction difficult. To assess the feasibility of immunostaining as an adjunct to identify myoepithelial cells, we have used immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibody against muscle specific actin (MSA) in our breast fine‐needle aspirates. Herein, we report our experience in immunocytochemical detection of myoepithelial cells using labeled Streptavidin Biotin Detection System on destained Papanicolaou stained smears and cell block preparations obtained from breast aspirates. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic radiation effects: A correlative study of smears and biopsies from the cervix and vagina
Authors: Shield Paul W.
Published: February 2007

Cervicovaginal smears and biopsies from patients treated with radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma were examined morphologically and immunochemically to provide information on the tissue derivation of cells characteristic of chronic radiation effect in postirradiation smears.

In biopsies, stromal changes, such as fibrosis, vessel changes, and atypical fibroblasts were most common. Ulceration, leucocytic infiltration, multinucleated giant cells, regenerative epithelium, and atypical glandular epithelial cells were also present in some specimens. These changes were reflected in smears collected from the same patients, where multinucleated giant cells, repair cells, and large atypical cells were often present. Correlation of smears and biopsies suggest that repair cells are collected from areas of epithelial regeneration and glandular radiation atypia. Sampling of ulcerative or eroded tissue may produce smears with multinucleated giant cells, atypical stromal cells, endothelial cells, and numerous macrophages. Correct recognition of these cell types and smear patterns may assist in avoiding false positive diagnoses. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytodiagnosis of parvoviruS b19 infection from ascites fluid of hydrops fetalis: Report of a case
Authors: Iwa Nobuzo , Yutani Chikao
Published: February 2007

The cytologic changes in the smears of fetus ascites fluid with parvovirus B19 infections are described. Cytology revealed the ground‐glass appearance of the nuclei having a perinuclear halo, and the nuclear chromatin was spread as a thin rim around the inclusion. Subsequently, monoclonal antibodies for parvovirus B19 were applied to identify the specific antigen in the Papanicolaou‐destained specimens. Positive staining reaction products were found throughout the cytoplasm of cells. Similar phenomena were confirmed in paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of many organs in autopsy materials. It is hoped that recognition of those virus‐infected cells in the body cavity fluid of the fetus will be helpful in making a diagnosis of hydrops fetalis associated with parvovirus B19 infections of the pregnant woman. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe eosinophilia and hepatocellular carcinoma: An unusual association
Authors: Yuen Benjamin H. , Reyes Cesar V. , Rawal Paresh A. , Sosman Jeffrey , Jensen Joanne
Published: February 2007

Peripheral eosinophilia is an unusual but recognized paraneoplastic manifestation of malignant diseases. We report a case of eosinophilia associated with hepatocellullar carcinoma which is the second case described in English literature. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of Epstein‐Barr virus associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma using fine‐needle aspiration biopsy and molecular diagnostics
Authors: Smith Stuart S. , Fowler Larry J. , Hausenfluke Linda , Cho Chong G. , Eagan Phyllis A. , Gulley Margaret L.
Published: February 2007

Molecular technology is being utilized increasingly for diagnostic purposes by practicing pathologists. Techniques such as Southern blot, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction have recently been introduced to the clinical laboratory setting. We describe a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma that highlights the potential utility of DNA technology to secure an accurate diagnosis of a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. In this patient, cytologic examination of a cervical lymph node aspirate strongly suggested the possibility of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Needle aspirate material was submitted for molecular genetic detection of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genome. Nine micrograms of DNA were isolated, and the presence of clonal EBV DNA was detected by the Southern blot technique. The presence of clonal EBV supported the cytologic diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Subsequent biopsy of a nasopharyngeal mass revealed undifferentiated carcinoma, and in situ hybridization revealed that EBV was restricted to the malignant epithelial cells. This case illustrates how molecular technology can provide new information that is useful in diagnostic cytopathology. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrafast papanicolaou stain is not limited to rapid assessments: Application to permanent fine‐needle aspiration smears
Authors: Yang Grace C. H.
Published: February 2007

Ultrafast Papanicolaou (Pap) stain, a 90‐second preparation originally designed for the immediate assessment of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears (Yang and Alvarez, Acta Cytol 1995;39:55–60), can also be adapted for permanent FNA smears. It involves the addition of three simple steps prior to the conventional Pap procedure: the first step is to make the cells appear larger, thus increasing the resolution for analysis of cellular details; the second step is to hemolyse the background blood, thus unmasking tumor cells; and the third step is to bring out the vibrant colors in the cells and the nucleoli, which stain red. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical endocervical glandular cells: Accuracy of cytologic diagnosis
Authors: Lee Kenneth R. , Manna Edward A. , St. John Timothy
Published: February 2007

Atypical cells thought to be of endocervical glandular origin often cause diagnostic uncertainty in cervicovaginal smears. For this reason consecutive cases of endocervical glandular atypia diagnosed in smears were correlated with subsequent biopsy diagnoses and then retrospectively reviewed. Smears were originally diagnosed as “mild glandular atypia, probably reactive” or “severe glandular atypia, suggestive of adenocarcinoma in situ” (AIS). Biopsy follow‐up was obtained on 34 of 58 patients diagnosed with severe endocervical glandular atypia. Nine patients (26%) had AIS, three with concomitant high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and two with invasive adenocarcinoma. Eighteen patients (53%) had HSIL only. Seven had benign changes. Of 152 patients diagnosed with mild glandular atypia, biopsy follow‐up was obtained on 40. One patient had AIS; 14 (35%) had HSIL; one had low‐grade SIL (LSIL); and 24 (60%) had benign changes.

Blinded review of these smears yielded results similar to those in the biopsy follow‐up, that is, the prediction of AIS on smears included most cases of AIS, some invasive adenocarcinomas, a significant number of HSIL cases and a few benign lesions. A review diagnosis of “reactive glandular cells” proved to be HSIL in 31% of cases and AIS in one case.

We conclude that patients with a diagnosis of severe glandular atypia in smears may prove to have AIS or invasive adenocarcinoma, but often have HSIL without concomitant AIS. In addition, although “reactive” glandular atypia in smears usually reflects a benign condition, a significant minority of such patients prove to have HSIL. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastases to the thyroid gland: Diagnosis by aspiration cytology
Authors: Michelow Pamela M. , Leiman Gladwyn
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this study was to document the incidence, nature and source of neoplasms metastatic to the thyroid gland, which were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. In the seven year period from 1986 to 1992, 21 cases were identified with metastatic malignancies in FNA specimens from the thyroid. This represented 7.5% of neoplastic thyroid lesions aspirated in this unit. All patients presented clinically with thyromegaly or discrete nodules. Only five patients were known to have malignancies of other sites prior to FNA. The majority of metastatic nodules were bronchogenic in origin (nine). The gastrointestinal tract (five) and melanomas (two) were the next most frequent sources in the series. Single cases arose in the prostate, larynx, kidney (all carcinomas), and uterus (a leiomyosarcoma). One patient had a thyroid deposit of acute myeloblastic leukemia. This large study demonstrated that tumors of many histological types may involve the thyroid gland, and furthermore, may masquerade as primary thyroid malignancies. Recognition of an alien cell type not only prevents inappropriate thyroid surgery, but may also direct the search for the unsuspected or unknown primary. Metastases to the thyroid gland occur more frequently than is generally appreciated. FNA is the procedure of choice for evaluation of thyroid nodules in general, and thyroid metastases in particular. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detached single cilia: Another potential pseudomicrobe seen in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Mrak Robert E. , Bardales Ricardo H.
Published: February 2007

High magnification examination of Romanovsky‐stained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) material may be needed, if one is to confidently exclude small organisms such as toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, and the negative images of mycobacteria. Pseudomicrobes have been described, and detailed criteria must be carefully applied, if incorrect diagnoses are to be avoided. We recently noted numerous free‐lying, uniform, eosinophilic, straight or slightly curved bacilliform structures in such a specimen. These were seen on Diff‐Quik®‐stained material, but were extremely pale on Papanicolaou‐stained slides. Comparison with the cilia of contaminating bronchial cells showed these pseudomicrobes to have similar length, diameter, and tinctorial properties. Electron microscopy of the sedimented cell pellet showed isolated, detached single cilia (DSC) far removed from any bronchial cells. Twenty BAL's from 13 males and seven females (median age = 48.5) undergoing infection surveillance were then retrospectively reviewed. DSC were present in 16 specimens (80%), but were rare in three of these. Although present in cases with prominent bronchial cell contamination (n=6 cases), DSC were also encountered when ciliated cells were rare (n=13), or absent (n=1). Familiarity with these distinctive structures should make it unlikely that they will be mistaken for infectious organisms. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of ductal adenoma: Report of a case associated with a mucocele‐like lesion
Authors: Mesonero Clara E. , Tabbara Sana
Published: February 2007

Ductal adenoma (DA) is an uncommon breast lesion that can histologically and clinically mimic carcinoma. We performed a fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of a DA. Cytologically, the lesion had features overlapping with those of mucinous carcinoma (MC), mucocele‐like lesion, lactating adenoma (LA), and in retrospect with intraductal papilloma (IP). The smears were highly cellular and contained numerous monolayered sheets of ductal cells with prominent punched‐out, small vacuoles distending the cytoplasm. The nuclei were mostly round to oval and had bland chromatin. Occasionally cells with enlarged nuclei and conspicuous nucleoli were present. The background showed large mucin pools, scattered single cells with mild nuclear atypia, some with apocrine metaplasia, rare stripped nuclei, and a fibrovascular stromal component. Calcifications were also present.

We compare our cytologic findings with those of the lesions considered in the differential diagnosis. Due to its rare incidence and unusual features, DA may represent a diagnostic pitfall on FNA. Increased awareness of its cytologic appearance may help prevent a misdiagnosis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peritoneal implantation of meningeal melanosis via ventriculoperitoneal shunt: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gattuso Paolo , Carson Henry J. , Attal Houssam , Castelli Melanie J.
Published: February 2007

Systemic spread of primary intracranial neoplasms is rare and may be due to ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). The most common tumors to metastasize via VPS are germinoma of the pineal gland and medulloblastoma. We report a case of 16‐yr‐old girl with central nervous system malignant melanosis who developed subsequent peritoneal implants via VPS. To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the third reported case of meningeal melanosis or melanoma which metastasized to the peritoneal cavity via VPS. The VPS should be considered as possible mode of systemic spread in patients with primary cranial malignancy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in Kimura's disease
Authors: Jayaram Gita , Peh Kaik Boo
Published: February 2007

Three patients presenting with parotid, submandibular, and/or lymph node masses were subjected to fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Smears showed dissociated and clustered endothelial cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and Warthin Finkeldey giant cells. In two cases a diagnosis of Kimura's disease was suggested from the FNA cytologic smears. In the third case the presence of mononucleate cells with prominent nucleoli led to a suspicion of Hodgkin's disease. Excision biopsy and histopathologic study established a diagnosis of Kimura's disease in all three cases. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the female breast with secretory activity: The significance of aspiration cytology as diagnostic procedure
Authors: Kyriazis Andreas P. , Kyriazis Aikaterini A.
Published: February 2007

We report the case of an intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast in an elderly woman. Gross and microscopic observations support the contention that intracystic fluid is partly a result of secretory activity by the neoplastic epithelial cells and that, intracystic hemorrhage, which may contribute to it, is a secondary event complicating the primary process. Cytology of the aspirated fluid was negative for malignant cells. It is concluded that in the case of large cystic breast lesions, aspiration cytology may not be helpful in establishing the malignant nature of the lesion and that a negative cytology should be interpreted with caution, always taking under consideration the clinical picture of the disease. A concomitant adenocarcinoma was also present in the opposite breast, the second case reported in the literature. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified staining technique for the on‐site evaluation of fine‐needle aspiration specimens from fatty tissues
Authors: Logan Lisa S. , Gupta Prabodh K.
Published: February 2007

The adequacy of on‐site evaluation of fine‐needle aspiration from fatty tissues can be complicated by less than optimal adherence or fixation of the aspirated cells to the surface of the glass slide. This article describes a modifified staining technique that optimizes the recovery of material in such circumstances. 1995;13:345–346. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of estrogen receptor content in fine‐needle aspirates from breast cancer using the monoclonal antibody 1d5 and microwave oven processing: Correlation with paraffin embedded and frozen sections determinations
Authors: Schmitt Fernando Carlos , Bento Maria José , Amendoeira Isabel
Published: February 2007

We describe a method of immunocytochemically assessing estrogen receptor (ER) status on alcohol‐fixed smears obtained by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from breast cancer patients, using a commercially available monoclonal antibody (1D5) with microwave oven processing. A series of 31 cases of aspirates from breast cancer were analysed and the results were compared with assessment by ER immunocytochemical assay using the same procedure on formalin‐fixed tissue and with assessment by ER‐ICA assay on frozen sections. The results were scored semiquantitatively using a five grade scoring system. Of the 31 cases examined, 21 were positive at least by two methods and 10 were negative for all three determinations. The results obtained in the ER immunocytochemical assay on aspirates and paraffin‐sections using the antibody 1D5 and those obtained on frozen sections using the antibody H222 were closely similar. In only one case was it not possible to interpret the reaction in the cytological specimen because there was a strong background in the smear. In general, we obtained more intense positivity with the antibody 1D5 in aspirates and formalin‐fixed material than with the antibody H222 in frozen sections. The scoring results of the three methods were almost identical. We conclude that the application of ER method on alcohol‐fixed smears will eliminate the need for using a special fixation procedure and will provide several advantages, such as: improvement in morphological concomitant analysis, utilization whenever malignancy is found without necessity to re‐aspirate the patient, and adequacy of archival material. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocervical glandular atypia: A “new” problem for the cytologist
Authors: Wilbur David C.
Published: February 2007

New patterns of cellular presentation on cervical smears have become more frequent since the introduction of new sampling devices which provide increased material from the upper portions of the endocervical canal. The normal histologic variability of the endocervical canal, as well as the presence of tubal metaplasia, infectious and inflammatory reactions, squamous lesions involving endocervical glands, and true endocervical neoplastic lesions in these areas, have presented the cytologist with a variety of cellular appearances which may cause difficulties in differential diagnosis.

Recognition of these entities, their cytologic manifestations, and the effects of increased high endocervical sampling, will allow the cytologist to begin the process of gaining the experience necessary to assess these new cellular patterns. A potential management protocol for patient follow‐up is presented which will allow the user to investigate such cases in an efficient and cost effective manner. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative volumetric analysis of cardiac morphogenesis assessed through micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Butcher Jonathan T. , Sedmera David , Guldberg Robert E. , Markwald Roger R.
Published: February 2007

D renderings of embryonic chick hearts at different stages of development (HH16 ‐ HH36) using Micro‐CT. All images are at the same scale. See Butcher et al., Developmental Dynamics 236:803–810.
Structural Distortion and Magnetic Behavior in Cyanide‐Bridged FeIII2NiII2 Complexes
Authors: Li Dongfeng , Clérac Rodolphe , Wang Guangbin , Yee Gordon T. , Holmes Stephen M.
Published: February 2007

The X‐ray structure, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of a cyanide‐bridged complex, {[(Tp*)FeIII(CN)3]2[NiII(bipy)2]2[OTf]2}·2H2O (2) are described [Tp* = hydridotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate; bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine; OTf = trifluromethanesulfonate]. Magnetic measurements indicate that 2 exhibits an S = 3 ground state and slow relaxation of the magnetization. Magnetostructural comparisons to the more symmetrical analog {[(Tp*)FeIII(CN)3]2[NiII(DMF)4]2[OTf]2}·2DMF (1) are also described. Surprisingly, the magnetic properties of 1 and 2 are similar despite the presence of a non‐planar {FeIII2NiII2(μ‐CN)4} core and severely distorted NiII coordination sphere in 2, suggesting that the NiII centers play a minor role in the slow magnetization relaxation behavior of the clusters. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Systematic Counterion Tuning of the Solid‐State Structure of [Pt(thiourea)4]2+
Authors: Schiessl Wolfgang , Puchta Ralph , Bugarčić Živadin D. , Heinemann Frank W. , van Eldik Rudi
Published: February 2007

Four different limiting molecular conformations are possible for the homoleptic square‐planar complex tetrakis(thiourea)platinum(II) depending on the up‐down orientation of the four thiourea (TU) ligands with respect to the PtS4 plane. The realization of all four possible conformers can be achieved by a systematic variation of the counter anion making use of their individual hydrogen bonding ability. In total, the molecular and crystal structures of seven tetrakis(thiourea)platinum(II) complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction. These are: [Pt(TU)4]Cl2, [Pt(TU)4]I2, [Pt(TU)4](CF3SO3)2, [Pt(TU)4](BPh4)2, [Pt(TU)4](ClO4)2, [Pt(TU)4]SiF6·0.25H2O and [Pt(TU)4]S2O6. In all cases thiourea is coordinated by the sulfur atom and the two amino groups are not involved in the complex formation. The four independent Pt–S distances do not differ significantly from each other with an average value of 2.324(3) Å. The coordination geometry around the platinum center is distorted square‐planar. The orientation of the four TU groups in [Pt(TU)4]2+ depends on the molecular packing forces and hydrogen bonding ability of the counter anion. Hydrogen bonds of the type N–H···X (X = Cl–, I–, F–, O and S) are observed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Structural and Theoretical Insights into Metal–Scorpionate Ligand Complexes
Authors: Schwalbe Matthias , Andrikopoulos Prokopis C. , Armstrong David R. , Reglinski John , Spicer Mark D.
Published: February 2007

The syntheses of the complexes [M(TmMe)(CO)2(NO)] (M = Mo, W) by reaction of NOBF4 with [M(TmMe)(CO)3]– are reported and their spectroscopic characterisation and crystal structures are described. The analogous Cr complex could not be prepared by this methodology. The complexes adopt the expected pseudo‐octahedral geometry. Complexes [M(L)(CO)2(NO)] (M = Cr, Mo, W; L = Cp, Tp and TmMe) together with the hypothetical [Mo(CO)2(NO)]+ cation were subjected to DFT calculations. Geometry‐optimised structures closely parallel the crystallographic determinations and indicate that the complex [Cr(TmMe)(CO)2(NO)] is not inherently unstable. The DFT calculations allow the assignment of the C–O and N–O stretches in the IR spectrum and give insight into both the M–NO bonding and the metal to tripodal ligand bonding. The electron‐donor strengths are confirmed to lie in the order TmMe > Tp > Cp. A side reaction of the B–H moiety of the TmMe anion with NO+ results in the isolation of the dimethylformamide adduct of (trismethimazolyl)borane, providing further evidence that the reaction pathways of the TmR ligands are more varied and less passive than in the chemistry of the nitrogen‐based scorpionates.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Preparation and Characterization of Dinuclear NiII Amine‐Thiophenolate Complexes Coligated by EO4– (E = Cl, Re) and EO42– Oxoanions (E = S, Cr, Mo, W)
Authors: Lozan Vasile , Kersting Berthold
Published: February 2007

The ability of dinuclear nickel(II) complexes of the type [(LMe)NiII2(L′)] to coordinate tetrahedral main group and transition metal oxoanions (L′ = EO4–, EO42–) has been examined ((LMe)2– is the deprotonated form of the 24‐membered macrocyclic hexaaza‐dithiophenolate ligand H2LMe). The following complexes have been synthesized: [(LMe)Ni2(ClO4)][ClO4] (2[ClO4]), [(LMe)Ni2(ReO4)][ReO4] (3[ReO4]), [(LMe)Ni2(SO4)] (4), [(LMe)Ni2(CrO4)] (5), [(LMe)Ni2(MoO4)] (6), and [(LMe)Ni2(WO4)] (7). Complexes 2[ClO4], 3[ReO4], 4, 5, and 7 have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The complexes are isostructural, with the EO4– and EO42– groups bonded in a μ1,3‐bridging mode to generate dioctahedral N3Ni(μ‐S)2(μ1,3‐EO4)NiN3 core structures. The doubly charged EO42– groups interact more strongly with the [(LMe)Ni2]2+ fragment than the EO4– groups as reflected by the Ni–O distances which are significantly longer in 2 and 3 than in 4–7. The nickel(II) ions in 4 and 6 are weakly ferromagnetically coupled (J = 24.8 and 3.75 cm–1, respectively) and the magnitude of the coupling appears to correlate with the Ni–S–Ni angle. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Voltammetric Determination of Hydrazine on the Tetrabromo‐p‐Benzoquinone Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Ojani Reza , Ramine Maryam
Published: February 2007

The electrochemical properties of hydrazine studied at the surface of a carbon paste electrode spiked with p‐bromanil (tetrabromo‐p‐benzoquinone) using cyclic voltammetry (CV), double potential‐step chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in aqueous media. The results show this quinone derivative modified carbon paste electrode, can catalyze the hydrazine oxidation in an aqueous buffered solution. It has been found that under the optimum conditions (pH 10.00), the oxidation of hydrazine at the surface of this carbon paste modified electrode occurs at a potential of about 550 mV less positive than that of a bar carbon paste electrode. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of hydrazine showed a linear dependent on the hydrazine concentrations and linear analytical curves were obtained in the ranges of 6.00×10−5 M–8.00×10−3 M and 7.00×10−6 M–8.00×10−4 M of hydrazine concentration with CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods, respectively. The detection limits (3σ) were determined as 3.6×10−5 M and 5.2×10−6 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was also used for the determination of hydrazine in the real sample (waste water of the Mazandaran wood and paper factory) by standard addition method.