bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular adnexal lymphoma – a retrospective study and review of the literature
Authors: Boltezar Lucka , Strbac Danijela , Pizem Joze , Hawlina Gregor
Published: September 2024

Background

To review the characteristics of all Slovenian patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) in the period of 24 years with the aim of evaluating demographic data, lymphoma location and type, disease stage, treatment modality, local control rate and survival rate.

Patients and methods

All patients with histologically diagnosed OAL in the main tertiary centre of Slovenia, Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, who were treated at Institute of Oncology Ljubljana were included in the study. Patients’ data were collected from October 1995 through April 2019.

Results

Seventy-four patients were included in the study having a median age of 68 years at diagnosis. The majority of lymphomas were of B-cell origin (98.6%). The most frequent type was the extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALT) (71.6%). Orbital lymphomas were diagnosed in 56 cases (75.7%) and conjunctival in 18 cases (24.3%). Ocular manifestation was the first sign of the disease in 78.4% of patients and in 67.6% of patients ocular adnexa were the only disease location. Fifty-one patients (68.9%) were treated with radiotherapy, 7 patients (9.4%) with systemic treatment, 5 patients (6.8%) with combined radiotherapy and systemic treatment and in 11 patients, biopsy and active surveillance strategy was applied (14.9%). Local control of the disease was achieved in 96.6% of treated patients. Median overall survival of the whole study group has not been reached yet. Five-year overall survival rate was 80.1% (95% CI 68.1% – 88.5%) and 5-year lymphoma specific survival rate was 87.2% (95% CI 83.2%−91.2%).

Conclusions

OALs comprise a group of heterogeneous diseases with variable outcomes depending predominately on the patient’s age and lymphoma type, with low grade lymphomas carrying good prognosis even in elderly patients.
Anastomosing hemangioma of the ovary – a comprehensive review of this rare ovarian entity
Authors: Merlo Sebastjan , Vivod Gregor , Gazic Barbara , Kovacevic Nina
Published: September 2024

Background

Anastomosing hemangioma of the ovary is a rare vascular tumor that predominantly affects middle-aged women. Despite its benign nature, its histological appearance can mimic aggressive vascular lesions, posing diagnostic challenges. This review aims to provide an overview of this uncommon entity.

Methods

The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published in English. Information on all retrieved cases was extracted and reviewed in detail.

Results

We found 33 cases with relevant details of anastomosing heamangioma of the ovary. Despite the small number of cases we found, our study demonstrated the importance of an accurate hystopathological evaluation.

Conclusions

Although the preliminary imaging and initial microscopic features may appear alarming, careful microscopic examination reveals benign behavior. There is a need to raise awareness of this unusual and rare entity to improve morphologic recognition and avoid misdiagnosis that could lead to unnecessary treatment or patient anxiety.
A retrospective evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapy in older patients (aged ≥ 75 years) with limited-disease small cell lung cancer: insights from two institutions and review of the literature
Authors: Shiono Ayako , Imai Hisao , Endo Satoshi , Katayama Kazuki , Sato Hideaki , Hashimoto Kosuke , Miura Yu , Okazaki Shohei , Abe Takanori , Mouri Atsuto , Kaira Kyoichi , Masubuchi Ken , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Minato Koichi , Kato Shingo , Kagamu Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

Background

The standard treatment for patients in good general condition with limited-disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) is concurrent platinum/etoposide chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT). However, the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in older patients with LD-SCLC has not been fully explored; moreover, the optimal treatment for this patient group remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of CRT in older patients with LD-SCLC.

Patients and methods

From April 2007 to June 2021, consecutive older patients (aged ≥ 75 years) with stage I to III SCLC who received concurrent or sequential CRT at two institutions were retrospectively evaluated for efficacy and toxicity of CRT.

Results

A total of 32 older patients underwent concurrent (n = 19) or sequential (n = 13) CRT for LD-SCLC. The median ages of the patients in the concurrent and sequential CRT groups were 77 (range: 75–81) years and 79 (range: 76–92) years, respectively. The median number of chemotherapeutic treatment cycles was four (range, 1–5), and the response rate was 96.9% in all patients (94.7% in concurrent and 100% in sequential CRT groups). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) for all patients were 11.9 and 21.1 months, respectively. The median PFS was 13.0 and 9.0 months in the concurrent CRT and sequential CRT groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.67). The median OS from the initiation of CRT was 19.2 and 23.5 months in the concurrent and sequential CRT groups, respectively (p = 0.46). The frequencies of Grade ≥ 3 hematological adverse events were as follows: decreased white blood cell count, 20/32 (62.5%); decreased neutrophil count, 23/32 (71.9%); anemia, 6/32 (18.8%); decreased platelet count, 7/32 (21.9%); and febrile neutropenia, 3/32 (9.4%). Treatment-related deaths occurred in one patient from each group.

Conclusions

Although hematological toxicities, particularly reduced neutrophil count, were severe, CRT showed favorable efficacy in both concurrent and sequential CRT groups. However, concurrent CRT may not be feasible for all older patients with LD-SCLC; accordingly, sequential CRT may be considered as a treatment of choice for these patients. Further prospective trials are warranted to identify optimal treatment strategies for this patient group.
Government Purchases: a Review of Scientific Literature with Implications for the Legal Aspects of Public Management
Authors: Nascimento Otacílio Leite do , Nunes Cláudio , Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel
Published: September 2024

Goal: This study presents an overview of the scientific literature on the conceptual scope of government procurement with implications for the legal aspects of public management.
 
Theoretical framework: The study framework is metatheoretical, in the sense that different conceptual definitions from all fields of scientific knowledge were studied to gain the most accurate understanding of the explanatory framework of government procurement.
 
Method: The conceptual bibliographic method was used in its four stages to generate answers to two guiding questions and one main research question. Nominal data were collected from the Google Scholar scientific database of studies published between January 2023 and June 2024, only from articles published in qualified journals, national and international scientific events, master's dissertations, doctoral theses, technical studies, and research reports. The sample consisted of 28 studies that met the requirements after applying the exclusion rules. The results were generated using simple frequency for the approaches and the creation of semantic groups for the attributes of government purchases.
 
Results and discussion: The results indicated the existence of ten distinct but convergent approaches to government purchases. Forty-four attributes were also found, organized into nine semantic groups. It was discovered that science shows the possibility of four major stages in carrying out government purchases: diagnosis of the population's needs, contracting, monitoring, and evaluating the population's satisfaction with what was delivered to them. Of these four stages, only the contracting stage has received substantial concern from the legislator.
 
Research implications: This study's findings indicate the need to expand the legal coverage of government purchases to all process stages. This would prevent, for example, government purchases made in the Brazilian Amazon from considering logistics costs, a disregard that prevents legal contracting by city governments in the region.
 
Originality/Value: This study's main contribution to science in general and law in particular is the finding that government procurement is a phenomenon that is not limited to the stages of contracting with the supplier by the public agency. For legal and governmental effectiveness, rules are necessary for diagnosing the need to be met, monitoring the supply, and assessing the population's satisfaction with what is delivered to them.
Analyzing the Effectivity of Android-Based Application to Increase Physical Performance and Reduce Injuries Potentials During Fitness Training
Authors: Istighfarin Rahmatul Istighfarin , Dewi Ratna Sari Dewi , Sudiarno Adithya Sudiarno , Sinaga Romando Sinaga
Published: September 2024

Fitness centers are the favorite place for most urban communities to do physical fitness training activities. However, among the millions who practice fitness in the gym, only certain people know how to exercise using gym equipment correctly. One alternative solution to overcome the problem is using a personal trainer application based on android.
Android-based applications are used in this research because it is easier to use than the physical fitness guidebook and cheaper than hiring a personal trainer. This research recruits ten people to prove increased physical performance after using an android-based application by doing fitness training with and without an android-based application. The test will measure at two conditions. The first condition is that right after fitness training, the respondent will measure physical performance analysis using Nordic Body Map (NBM) Questionnaire and maximum oxygen volume. Second, twenty-four hours after fitness training, the respondent’s physical performance was measured again using NBM and Mc Gill Pain questionnaire to measure Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). After fitness training activities with the android-based application, there is an increase in physical performance and reduced injury potential, which can be seen from a significantly reduced DOMS score from Mc Gill Pain questionnaire. However, NBM score and maximum oxygen volume result are insignificant.
Estratégias de enfrentamento da violência contra as mulheres nos serviços de saúde: revisão de escopo
Authors: Lima Ciderleia Castro de , Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Mapear e analisar as estratégias de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres assistidas nos serviços de saúde. Métodos: Revisão de escopo utilizando critérios de elegibilidade específicos. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online via PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus e Excerpta Medica Database e a Scientific Electronic Library Online. Busca norteada pela pergunta: Quais as estratégias de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher nos serviços de saúde? Resultados: Foram encontrados 49 estudos, agrupados em cinco categorias empíricas: atendimento empático e estabelecimento de vínculo com a mulher; capacitação profissional, discussões interdisciplinares; encaminhamentos e interações com outros serviços e setores; ações ampliadas e ou inovadoras; práticas organizacionais para qualificar o atendimento. Considerações finais: O estudo mostrou a importância do atendimento prestado pelos serviços de saúde no enfrentamento da violência. Dada a complexidade e a abrangência do problema, as estratégias são múltiplas, variadas e abrangentes incluindo ações individuais e coletivas voltadas especificamente para a clientela atendida (mulheres, famílias e comunidades) até práticas organizacionais para qualificar os atendimentos visando à melhoria dos serviços de atendimento, em especial na Atenção Primária à Saúde.
A repercussão da qualidade do sono nos transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de medicina
Authors: Silva Faria Talitha Alexandrina do Nascimento e , Pedrosa Evelyne Nascimento , Barbosa Leopoldo Nelson Fernandes , Silva Thais Carine Lisboa da
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a repercussão da qualidade do sono nos transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de medicina. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo transversal, com amostra composta por estudantes de medicina de uma faculdade do Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados a partir do questionário sociodemográfico, do Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI-BR) e Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21), todos autoaplicáveis. Resultados: A amostra contou com 137 estudantes, predominando mulheres (74,5%), com idade de 18 a 24 anos (81,80%) e de raça branca (81,80%). A qualidade ruim do sono foi reportada por 56,2% dos estudantes. Observou-se que 46,7% enfrentavam problemas com sono antes de iniciar a graduação, destacando a necessidade de atenção à saúde mental desde o período pré-vestibular. Além disso, 39,4% dos alunos recebiam acompanhamento psicológico ou psiquiátrico antes do curso e 36,5% após o ingresso. Nos seis períodos do curso avaliados, transtornos mentais estiveram presentes, em níveis moderados, com 46,8% dos estudantes apresentando depressão, 54,3% ansiedade e 16,7% estresse. Conclusão: Constatou-se uma qualidade do sono ruim nos estudantes de medicina e a presença de transtornos mentais comuns ao longo do curso. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de intervenções para melhorar a qualidade do sono neste grupo.
A preliminary study of sirtuin-1 on angiotensin II-induced senescence and inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Chen Huanhuan , Pang Tianshu , Liang Kai , Mei Jinhua , Zhu Yuefeng , Yang Jin
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Recent evidence suggests the involvement of senescence and inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Considering the role of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in delaying senescence, we aimed to preliminarily investigate the potential mechanism underlying the effects of SIRT1 in senescence and inflammation during AAA.

Material and Methods:

A cell AAA model was established using angiotensin II (Ang II) as the inducer, which was applied to treat human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The senescence and cell cycle of treated HASMCs were evaluated based on senescence-associated (SA)-b-galactosidase (b-gal) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and proteins related to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), along with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways, as well as SIRT1, were gauged. The correlation between SIRT1 and NF-kB and MAPK pathway-related proteins was further estimated.

Results:

In Ang II-treated HASMCs, reduced SIRT1 and B-cell lymphoma-2 levels yet increased levels of SASP-related proteins P16 and P21, inflammatory cytokines, as well as Bax and caspases were all visible. In the meantime, Ang II exposure enhanced the number of b-gal-positive HASMCs and promoted cell cycle arrest. SIRT1 was also repressed following Ang II treatment and negatively correlated with NF-kB and MAPK pathway-related proteins (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the overexpression of SIRT1 diminished the levels of SASP-related proteins and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 and P65 in Ang II-treated HASMCs (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Taken together, our results indicate that SIRT1 overexpression attenuates the inflammatory and senescent responses of HASMCs in the Ang II-induced AAA cell model. This finding suggests that SIRT1 can be a highly promising target for clinical treatment of AAA.
Presence of multiple van genes among glycopeptide non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting in vitro MIC creep phenomenon: A study from north-east India
Authors: Hazarika Monalisha , Nath Kathakali , Bhowmik Deepshikha , Singha K. Melson , Dhar Debadatta , Bhattacharjee Amitabha
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

The global prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) has increased two fold since 2010, accounting for 2.4 per cent of S. aureus infections. The emerging hVISA isolates and their increasing trends pose a serious therapeutic challenge. The present study investigated in vitro vancomycin and teicoplanin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep in S. aureus and assessed their revertants.

Methods

A total of 845 isolates were collected for this study, and 246 were confirmed as S. aureus. Molecular characterization of vancomycin resistance was carried out by PCR assay targeting genes types viz: vanA, vanB, vanC, vanC2/C3, vanD, vanE, and vanG. MIC was determined for vancomycin and teicoplanin by agar dilution method. MIC creep and revertant analysis were done by broth dilution method in the presence and absence of antibiotics.

Results

PCR assay confirmed 12 isolates were harboured vanA, followed by vanD (n=8) and vanB (n=7). The study showed 69 isolates were screened positive for glycopeptide non-susceptibility. While analyzing vancomycin MIC creep, four isolates showed a significant increase in MIC, whereas no creep phenomenon was observed for the rest. In the case of teicoplanin, seven isolates showed the MIC creep phenomenon. Revertant analysis of all the isolates that showed MIC creep phenomenon for vancomycin and teicoplanin reverted to their original MIC when the antibiotic pressure was withdrawn.

Interpretation & conclusions

In the present study setting, glycopeptide non-susceptibility was found in eight per cent of the isolates, and the present study found the occurrence of multiple van genes from isolates calculated from a single study center will impose a serious challenge in infection control and antibiotic policy. This study also underscores that heterogenic resistant isolates, upon exposure to vancomycin and teicoplanin at a minimum level, exhibited an increase in MIC, which will impact individuals receiving glycopeptide therapy.
A scoping review on the errors in medical certification of the cause of death in India
Authors: Singh Payal , Khanna Divya , Sharma Priyanka , Vaza Yagnik , Anand Akash , Budukh Atul Madhukar , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Pradhan Satyajit
Published: September 2024

Medical certification of the cause of death provides epidemiological information for developing cause-specific mortality and disease trends, guiding the monitoring of health programmes and allocating health resources. Therefore, providing correct information on the cause of death is essential. This study describes the errors in medical certification of the cause of death in India. We conducted a scoping review through a systematic inquiry in four databases, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar and EBSCO, for all published articles reporting errors in medical certification of cause of death in India between December 31, 1998 and December 31, 2020. The review outcomes were the proportion of major and minor certification errors reported. Out of 135 screened studies, 20 were included based on the eligibility criteria. We observed a high proportion of certification errors and a large proportion of variation. Major certification errors were in the form of incorrect underlying cause of death (8.5-99.2%) and incorrect chain of events leading to death (12-64.7%). Minor certification errors in the form of missing clerical details, abbreviations and illegible handwriting were 0.3-100 per cent. The proportion of incomplete death certificates ranged between 12-100 per cent. Absence of time intervals was the most common type of certification error (62.3-99.5%). Training of doctors to accurately certify the medical cause of death and its addition to medical education is urgently needed to ensure accurate information for mortality-related statistics. A uniform methodology for auditing and reporting errors in medical certification of cause of death should be adopted.
Muhasebe Manipülasyonu Alanındaki Yayınların VOSviewer ile Bibliyometrik Betimsel Haritalama Analizi
Authors: Özcan İrem
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Scopus veri tabanındaki muhasebe manipülasyonu ile ilgili yayınların VOSviewer aracılığıyla bibliyometrik betimsel haritalama analizini sunmaktır. Literatürde dağınık halde bulunan muhasebe manipülasyon yöntemlerine ilişkin bibliyometrik analiz çalışmalarına bütüncül bir bakış açısı sunmak hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1991 ve 2023 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen 740 yayın incelenmiştir. İlgili yayınlar için yıllara ilişkin trend analizi, ülkelere göre dağılım analizi, yazar ve yayın atıf analizi, ülke atıf analizi ve anahtar sözcük analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ağ haritaları ile gösterilmiştir. En fazla atıf alan ilk 25 yayına ilişkin yazar(lar), yayın yılı, yayın başlığı, araştırma alanı, dergi adı ve atıf sayısı bilgileri sunulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile muhasebe manipülasyonu çalışmaları niceliksel olarak kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, yayınların %40'ının ABD'de gerçekleştiği ve yaklaşık %42'sinin 2021 ile 2023 yılları arasında yayınlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin olumsuz ekonomik etkileri nedeniyle muhasebe manipülasyonuna başvuran işletme sayısını önemli ölçüde arttırdığı ve dolayısıyla yaşanan bu sürecin akademik çalışmalara yansıdığı şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.
Entropy-TOPSIS Method Approach: A Comprehensive Quarterly Assessment with Application in Turkey's Cement Sector
Authors: Özarı Çiğdem , Demirkale Özge
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research is to determine the financial performance of Turkish cement firms using quarterly data from the period between 1997 and 2022 through the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The research takes into account company mergers that occurred in 2020 and analyzes two distinct periods: from 1997 to 2020, and post-2020. Fourteen companies were examined in the first period, while ten companies were assessed in the latter period. To measure financial performance, ten common financial ratios selected based on literature were utilized. Determining the importance of these financial ratios is a crucial step in multi-criteria decision-making techniques; hence, the entropy method was employed to address this issue. According to empirical results, before the company mergers, UNYE and MARDIN cement firms were observed to consistently perform well financially, often ranking at the top based on the financial parameters considered. However, after the merger, it has been noted that BUCIM consistently held the top position in every quarter.
Teknoloji Geliştirme Bölgeleri Firmalarının Seçilmiş Göstergeler Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ankara İli Örneği
Authors: Kankaya Muhammed Murat , Uğur Atilla Ahmet
Published: September 2024

Teknoloji geliştirme bölgelerinin etkilerini ölçebilmek için, öncelikle bu bölgelerde faaliyette bulunan firmalar üzerinde yarattığı değişimin gözlemlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı; teknoloji geliştirme bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren firmaların ihracata, istihdama, yeni ürün geliştirmeye, üretim verimliliğine ve geri dönüşüme olan katkısının, teknoloji geliştirme bölgeleri ile var olduğu düşünülen ilgisini kanıtlamaktır. Ankara ilinde bulunan teknoloji geliştirme bölgesi firmalarının 442’sine uygulanan online anket sonucu elde edilen veriler, IBM SPSS 25 ve AMOS 24.0 programlarından yararlanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veriler açıklayıcı faktör (AFA) analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör (DFA) analizi ile incelenmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi’ne göre ölçek, 21 madde ve 5 faktörlü yapı göstermektedir. Ölçeğin toplamda açıkladığı varyans %58,8 ve Cronbach α iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0,812 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Faktör yapılarının uygunluğu için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sınamasında ki-kare uyum testi, RMSEA, GFI ve CFI uyum indekslerinden yararlanılmıştır. Uyum indekslerinden elde edilen değerler; ki-kare uyum testi için 2,200, RMSEA için 0,052, GFI için 0,925, CFI için 0,925 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm faktörler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuş ve uyum indeksleri sonucunda elde edilen modelin iyi bir uyuma sahip olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Daha sonra verilere Anova testi uygulanarak, teknoloji geliştirme bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren firmaların, bu bölgede faaliyet göstermeye başladıktan sonra arz ettiği yeni ürün sayısındaki artış ile firmaların ihracata yaptıkları katkının artışı arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
From Theory to Action: Evaluating How (Digital) Nudges Influence Pro-Environmental Behaviors
Authors: Serim Toro Havva , Aksümer Seda
Published: September 2024

Everyday actions of people across various settings can lead to environmental issues. These automatically performed actions are overlooked in the traditional economics. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and understand pro-environmental behaviors. On the other hand, behavioral economics offers insights into cognitive constraints affecting these kinds of behaviors and develops nudges that take human beings' limited rationality into account. Therefore the study underscores the significance of nudges as empirical tools in behavioral economics for building a sustainable world and laying the foundation for pro-environmental behaviors. In this context, it examines the emerging significance of nudges in digital settings, analyzing their applications in this domain. Conducting an extensive literature review, this study categorizes pro-environmental behaviors as energy conservation, waste reduction & recycling, and sustainable consumption. Sustainable consumption is divided into grocery shopping, travel decisions, fashion & makeup choices. The research makes the importance of behavioral economics apparent by acknowledging the automatic nature of many pro-environmental behaviors and addressing the pervasive attitude-behavior gap. Consequently, by investigating the impact of both physical and digital nudges, this article offers a practical response to empirical evidence on promoting pro-environmental behavior responsible actions.
Davranışsal İktisat, Karar Verme Süreçleri ve Oy Verme Davranışını Etkileyebilecek Uygulama Önerileri
Authors: Kırmızıaltın Eren
Published: September 2024

Davranışsal iktisat, temelde, hâkim iktisat anlayışındaki rasyonel davranış modellerinin insan varsayımına alternatif bir insan varsayımında bulunur. Rasyonel davranış modellerinin insanı “homo economicus” tutarlı, sosyal ilişkilerden soyutlanmış, her bir bilgiyi en iyi şekilde değerlendiren mükemmel bir analiz kabiliyetine sahip, her zaman kendi çıkarı peşinde koşan (kendi faydasını maksimize eden) bir varlık olarak tanımlanabilir. Davranışsal iktisat bu varsayımın hatalı olduğunu iddia eder. İnsanların karar verme süreçlerini etkileyen belirli psikolojik eğilimlere ve bilişsel sınırlamalara sahip olduğunu söyler. Bu eğilimlerin ve sınırlamaların homo economicus varsayımını geçersiz kıldığını savunur. Bu makale, rasyonel davranış modellerini eleştiren davranışsal iktisada odaklanmakta ve seçmen davranışını etkileyen bireysel karar alma süreçlerini davranışsal iktisadın yöntem ve kavramlarını kullanarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, davranışsal iktisadın yöntem ve kavramlarının oy verme davranışını anlamaya yönelik ne tür öngörüler sunduğu, oy verme davranışını etkilemede nasıl işlevselleştirilebileceği konuları üzerinde durulmuş, ilgili konular somut örneklerle irdelenmiştir.
Detecting Algorithmic Collusion: Insights from Moment Screening Methods
Authors: Yalçın Yalçıner , Öztürk Selcen
Published: September 2024

The development of global, automated, and dynamic manufacturing processes is having a growing impact on industries. Virtual machines commonly function behind the scenes, supporting a variety of operations. Algorithms are the essential intelligence of these virtual machines, greatly increasing efficiency and effectiveness within marketplaces. Algorithms have the ability to promote competition and increase efficiency, eventually improving market competitiveness. However, algorithmic collusion can be maintained using “dynamic pricing” techniques, which are typically associated with automated pricing. Algorithmic collusion leads to increases in prices and/or decreases in the quality of products and services. The main objective and the function of competition authorities is to fight against those formations. In this regard, cartel screening is an important first step toward detecting collusive activity. In this paper, we used several moment screens to capture the effects of algorithmic pricing. Our findings suggest that algorithmic pricing exhibits non-collusive behavior within the particular industry and time frame examined in our analysis.
Doğal Afetlerde Afet Yönetimi ve Risk Azaltmada Yerel Yönetimlerin Rolü
Authors: Tümer Özlem
Published: September 2024

Doğal gelişen, teknolojik veya insan kaynaklı olayların bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan afetler; insanlar ile toplumları ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi olarak etkileyen olaylar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Doğal afetler ise afet türleri içerisinde en yıkıcı etkilere sahip olan ve ani gelişen afet türü niteliğindedir. Önlenmesi tamamen mümkün olmasa bile bilimsel araştırmalar, risk analizleri ve uygun önlemlerle afetlerin etkileri azaltılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Afetlerin sebep olduğu zararları en aza indirebilmek, toplumların afetlerle başa çıkma kabiliyetini arttırmak için acil durum planları ve afet yönetim stratejileri geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu nedenle de afet yönetimi kavramı dünya genelinde üzerinde durulan, hem uluslararası hem de ulusal düzeyde çalışmalar yapılan bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ülkemizde de afetlerin oluşturabileceği zarar ve kayıpları önlemek ya da en aza indirmek amacıyla kriz yönetimi anlayışından ziyade risk yönetimi anlayışının benimsendiği ve afet öncesi süreç üzerine çalışıldığı görülmektedir. Afet yönetimi çalışmalarında sadece merkezi yönetime değil doğası gereği, halka en yakın ve ulaşılabilir yönetim birimleri olduğundan başta yerel yönetimler olmak üzere diğer tüm paydaşlara da bu süreçte görev ve sorumluluklar düşmektedir.
Bu çalışmada afet yönetimi ve önemine değinildikten sonra afet yönetiminde risk azaltma kavramı ve ulusal-uluslararası alanda risk azaltma çalışmaları açıklanmaktadır. Türkiye’de kamu yönetiminin benimsediği afet yönetimi ile merkezi yönetim ve yerel yönetimlerin bu süreçteki görevleri ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda afet yönetimi ve risk azaltmada yerel yönetimlerin rolüne ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır.
Neoliberal Düşünce Ekseninde ASEAN’ın Uluslararası Politik Ekonomisinin Analizi
Authors: Bahsi Koçer Fatma Şura , Gökten Kerem
Published: September 2024

II. Dünya Savaşı’nın bitişi ile uluslararası siyasette ve ekonomide büyük değişim ve dönüşüm yaşanmıştır. Çift kutuplu dünya düzeni uluslararası sisteme egemen olurken uluslararası siyasi ve ekonomik düzen değişmiş, sömürgeciliğin tasfiye olması ile birçok yeni ulus devlet ortaya çıkmıştır. Üçüncü Dünya ülkeleri uluslararası sisteme bağlantısızlık hareketi ile entegre olmaya çalışmıştır. Bu dönemde kurulan ilişkiler ve anlaşmalar genel olarak coğrafi ve ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyleri birbirine yakın aktörler arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Aynı zamanda hızla artış gösteren küresel rekabet devletlerin hem ekonomik hem de güvenlik eksenli politikalarını yeniden düzenleyerek bölgeselleşme oluşumlarına dahil olmalarını sağlamıştır. Bu kapsamda Güneydoğu Asya bölgesinde siyasi, güvenlik ve ekonomik alanlarda işbirliğinin geliştirilmesini amaçlayarak kurulmuş olan Güneydoğu Asya Uluslar Birliği (ASEAN), kendine özgü bir bölgeselleşme hareketi olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu Asya bölgesinde bölgesel bütünleşme hareketlerine önemli bir örnek olarak gösterilen ASEAN incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın temeli neoliberal kurumsalcı yaklaşıma dayandırılarak ASEAN’ın oluşumu ve gelişme süreci ile uluslararası ekonomi politiği ele alınmaktadır. Neoliberal kurumsalcılık uluslararası ve bölgesel yapıların gelişerek zamanla devlet egemenliğinin yerini alacağı önermesine dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada uluslararası bir yapı olarak ASEAN’ın Güneydoğu Asya’nın liberalleşme sürecindeki rolü ve etkinliği değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma ASEAN üye devletlerinin siyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik farklılıklarına rağmen kuruluşundan günümüze kadarki süreçte başarılı bir büyüme gösterdiğini ve potansiyel bölgesel ve küresel risklere karşın etkinliğini koruyacağını öne sürmektedir.
Simplifying Wheat Quality Assessment: Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Analysis of Variance Simultaneous Component Analysis to Study Regional and Annual Effects
Authors: Freitag Stephan , Anlanger Maximilian , Lippl Maximilian , Mechtler Klemens , Reiter Elisabeth , Grausgruber Heinrich , Krska Rudolf
Published: September 2024

Assessing the quality of wheat, one of humanity's most important crops, in a straightforward manner, is essential. In this study, analysis of variance (ANOVA) simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) paired with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used as an easy-to-implement and environmentally friendly tool for this purpose. The capabilities of combining NIRS with ASCA were demonstrated by studying the effects of sampling site and year on the quality of 180 Austrian wheat samples across four sites over three years. It was found that the year, sample site, and their combination significantly (p < 0.001) affect the NIR spectra of wheat. NIR spectral pre-processing tools, usually employed in chemometric workflows, notably influence the results obtained by ASCA, particularly in terms of the variance attributed to annual and regional effects. The influence of the year was identified as the dominant factor, followed by region and the combined effect of year and sampling site. Interpretation of the loading plots obtained by ASCA demonstrates that wheat components such as proteins, carbohydrates, moisture, or fat contribute to annual and regional differences. Additionally, the protein, starch, moisture, fat, fiber, and ash content of wheat samples obtained using a NIR-based calibration were found to be significantly influenced by year, sampling site, or their combination using ANOVA. This study shows that the combination of ASCA with NIRS simplifies NIR-based quality assessment of wheat without the need for time- and chemical-consuming calibration development.
Crash Testing Machine Learning Force Fields for Molecules, Materials, and Interfaces: Model Analysis in the TEA Challenge 2023
Authors: Poltavsky Igor , Charkin-Gorbulin Anton , Puleva Mirela , Cordeiro Fonseca Gregory , Batatia Ilyes , Browning Nicholas J. , Chmiela Stefan , Cui Mengnan , Frank J. Thorben , Heinen Stefan , Huang Bing , Käser Silvan , Kabylda Adil , Khan Danish , Müller Carolin , Price Alastair J. A. , Riedmiller Kai , Töpfer Kai , Wai Ko Tsz , Meuwly Markus , Rupp Matthias , Csanyi Gabor , von Lilienfeld O. Anatole , Margraf Johannes T. , Müller Klaus-Robert , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: September 2024

Atomistic simulations are routinely employed in academia and industry to study the behavior of molecules, materials, and their interfaces. Central to these simulations are force fields (FF), whose development is challenged by intricate interatomic interactions at different spatio-temporal scales and the vast expanse of chemical space. Machine learning (ML) FFs, trained on quantum-mechanical energies and forces, have shown the capacity to achieve sub-kcal/(mol*A) accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency. The TEA Challenge 2023 rigorously evaluated commonly used MLFFs across diverse applications, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Participants trained their models using provided datasets, and the results were systematically analyzed to assess the MLFFs' ability to reproduce potential energy surfaces, handle incomplete reference data, manage multi-component systems, and model complex periodic structures. This publication describes the datasets, outlines the proposed challenges, and presents a detailed analysis of the accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the MACE, SO3krates, sGDML, SOAP/GAP, and FCHL19* architectures in molecular dynamics simulations. The models represent the MLFF developers who participated in the TEA Challenge 2023. All results presented correspond to the state of the ML architectures as of October 2023. A comprehensive analysis of the molecular dynamics results obtained with different MLFFs will be presented in the second part of this manuscript.
Nitrogen Fixation via Pd-nanoparticle Electrocatalysis
Authors: Adeosun Samuel , Thorn Jr. Robert P. , Lin Cuikun , Kelley Mitch D. , Farooq M. Umer , Gillespie Andrew K. , Dardik Trevor , Duncan Robert V.
Published: September 2024

Palladium nanoparticles with two different ligands were used as electrocatalysts at low temperature in a hermetic, one-pot electrochemical cell with either a LiOH or LiOD electrolyte. During initial, low-pressure experiments involving palladium (Pd) nanoparticle electrocatalysts with Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) ligands an abrupt, significant pressure drop occurred in the cell headspace air from 1.59 to 0.055 bar. This astounding, repeatable, and unexplained result initiated further experimentation. Synthetic methods for Pd nanoparticle electrocatalysts with EGCG ligands and with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ligands are described. These Pd nanoparticles are capable of simultaneously generating ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate ions. Ion chromatography was used for quantification of nitrogen-containing anions and cations in the alkaline electrolyte. The Pd nanoparticles with PVP ligands and a 5 bar 3:1 H2/N2 gas mixture resulted in a nitrate yield rate of 1.16 µg h−1 mg−1 with current applied for 132 hr. The Pd nanoparticles with PVP ligands also achieved the highest ammonium and nitrite ion yield rates at 10 bar under similar conditions while the Pd-EGCG nanoparticles achieved lower yield rates Faradaic efficiencies (FE) values. This study demonstrates that direct generation of nitrite and nitrate salts avoids the need to further process ammonia into ammonium nitrate.
Tensor Train Optimization for Conformational Sampling of Organic Molecules
Authors: Zurek Christopher , Mallaev Ruslan A. , Paul Alexander , van Staalduinen Nils , Pracht Philipp , Ellerbrock Roman , Bannwarth Christoph
Published: September 2024

Exploring the conformational space of molecules remains a challenge of fundamental importance to quantum chemistry: identification of relevant conformers at ambient conditions enables predictive simulations of almost arbitrary properties. Here, we propose a novel approach to enable conformational sampling of large organic molecules where the combinatorial explosion of possible conformers prevents the use of a brute-force systematic conformer search. We employ tensor trains as a highly efficient dimensionality reduction algorithm, effectively reducing the scaling from exponential to polynomial. In our approach, the conformational search is expressed as global energy minimization task in a high-dimensional grid of dihedral angles. Dimensionality reduction is achieved through a tensor train representation of the high-dimensional torsion space. The performance of the approach is assessed on a variety of drug-like molecules in direct comparison to the state-of-the-art metadynamics based conformer rotamer ensemble sampling tool (CREST). The comparison shows significant acceleration of up to an order of magnitude, while maintaining comparable accuracy. More importantly, the presented approach allows treatment of larger molecules than typically accessible with metadynamics.
The Chemistry of Bimetallic Surfaces - Evolution of an Atomic-scale Picture
Authors: Behm R. Juergen , Groß Axel
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, we will review the concepts and principles used to characterize and discuss the structure, stability, adsorption properties and catalytic reactivity of bimetallic surfaces in an atomic scale picture. Starting from early stages, we will emphasize recent experimental and theoretical findings that resulted in a rapidly improving atomic-scale understanding of adsorption and catalytic surface reactions on these surfaces. While examples are often taken from our own work, the resulting insights are of general validity.
Advancing the Mechanosensitivity of Atropisomeric Diarylethene Mechanophores Through a Lever-Arm Effect
Authors: Zhang Cijun , Kouznetsova Tatiana B. , Zhu Boyu , Sweeney Liam , Lancer Max , Gitsov Ivan , Craig Stephen L. , Hu Xiaoran
Published: September 2024

Understanding structure-mechanical activity relationships (SMARs) in polymer mechanochemistry is essential for the rational design of mechanophores with desired properties, yet SMARs in noncovalent mechanical transformations remain relatively underexplored. In this study, we designed a subset of diarylethene mechanophores based on a lever-arm hypothesis and systematically investigated their mechanical activity toward a noncovalent-yet-chemical conversion of atro-pisomer stereochemistry. Results from DFT calculations, single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) measurements, and ul-trasonication experiments collectively support the lever-arm hypothesis and confirm the exceptional sensitivity of chemo-mechanical coupling in these atropisomers. Notably, the transition force for the diarylethene M3 featuring extended 5-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene aryl groups is determined to be 131 pN ± 4 pN by SMFS. This value is lower than typically record-ed for other mechanically induced chemical processes, highlighting its exceptional sensitivity to low-magnitude force. This work contributes a fundamental understanding of chemo-mechanical coupling in atropisomeric configurational mechano-phores and paves the way for designing highly sensitive mechanochemical processes that could facilitate the study of na-noscale mechanical behaviors across scientific disciplines.
Structural requirements of synthetic anionophores for inorganic phosphate and phosphate esters
Authors: Torres-Huerta Aaron , Norvaisa Karolis , Cataldo Alessio , Tits Pierre-Olivier , Panda Priyanka Rani , Dias Christopher M. , Davis Anthony P. , Bodman Samantha E. , Butler Stephen J. , Valkenier Hennie
Published: September 2024

The transmembrane transport of anions is a promising application of synthetic anion receptors. Numerous anionophores have been developed for chloride over the past decades. Despite the biological relevance of phosphate and phosphate esters, very few reports on their transport by synthetic systems exist. Here we report a systematic study on the transport of diphenyl phosphate, phenyl phosphate, and inorganic phosphate by five different anionophores. The transport of these phosphates into liposomes was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and an ion selective electrode. The results of these experiments showed that diphenyl phosphate is readily transported by most chloride ionophores. The transport of phenyl phosphate is more challenging, but can be enhanced by better shielding of the phosphate group. Inorganic phosphate is the most challenging to transport and was achieved using a macrocyclic anionophore with eight preorganised H-bond donors. These results pave the way for the development of anionophores for inorganic phosphate as well as phosphate esters.
Middle school teachers’ perspectives of how service learning projects contribute to student well-being
Authors: Watt Jennifer , Krepski Heather , Heringer Rebeca
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore how teacher practitioners in a Canadian middle school perceive students’ experiences of well-being in student-led service learning projects (SLPs). Through semistructured interviews, we explored five school practitioners’ accounts of how SLPs contributed to student relating and functioning in a well-being context. The themes identified demonstrate how well-being can be deliberately integrated within curricular aspects of schooling, and how student well-being can be enhanced as well as enriched when practitioners include well-being as an aim. We conclude that although students may encounter discomfort in the planning and implementation of SLPs, they provide authentic opportunities to develop student voice and autonomy, which can make education more meaningful to them.
Comment qualifier les interactions entre un enseignant et ses élèves à propos des fractions et des proportions dans le contexte du calcul du rendement énergétique?
Authors: Benrherbal Abderrahmane , Rioux Miranda
Published: September 2024

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux interactions didactiques entre un enseignant et ses élèves à propos des fractions et des proportions dans le contexte du calcul du rendement énergétique en sciences et technologie de quatrième secondaire. L’analyse des interactions se fait en fonction des incidents didactiques qui émergent le plus souvent des erreurs des élèves. Elle rend également possible l’identification des aides apportées aux élèves selon les types de proximité ainsi que certains effets de contrat didactique. Nos résultats indiquent que la mobilisation et l’utilisation des fractions et des proportions dans le contexte du calcul du rendement énergétique d'une machine ne vont pas de soi pour les élèves et influencent les interactions didactiques lors de l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de ce concept.
Creating a virtual equity, diversity, and inclusion community of practice
Authors: Khwaja Tehmina , Wager Amanda , O’Neil Green Denise , Lyon Melissa
Published: September 2024

Post-secondary institutions in Canada are trying to bring about policy and culture change to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) on their campuses. Uniquely, smaller institutions face barriers due to lack of capacity and personnel. As such, the research presented in this note from the field recommends that forming virtual communities of practice to learn EDI best practices from similar institutions can aid in building capacity and addressing those barriers. However, for EDI communities of practice to be sustainable, the folks leading the community have to be in ongoing, empowered EDI positions rather than being precarious contract employees, as is often the case at smaller Canadian institutions.