bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Looked after and adopted children: applying the latest science to complex biopsychosocial formulations
Authors: Pinto Carmen
Published: September 2019

Looked after and adopted children are among the most vulnerable in our society and it is well established that they present with a higher prevalence of mental health problems than children who live with their birth family. In their histories, they frequently have birth parents who have lived chaotic lives, some with mental health problems and substance misuse, and have experienced disruptions of care as well as exposure to neglect and/or abuse. However, often when they try to access mental health services, all their problems are formulated as ‘trauma and attachment issues’ with lack of data to support these. This article presents a case study of a 15-year-old boy whose severe difficulties were understood and formulated in terms of ‘attachment problems’ for many years. Neuro-developmental issues, unrelated to his being removed from his birth parents and adopted, had not been considered as the biological factors of the formulation (e.g. genetics and intra-uterus events) were ignored. Because there are no evidence-based interventions for a vaguely defined presentation such as ‘attachment problems’, he was given non-evidenced therapies for years and the parents felt blamed. Understandably, there was then little progress with his difficulties and this in turn had a very detrimental impact on his family, academic and social life. It is recommended that looked after and adopted children have their presentations formulated using a biopsychosocial model that takes into account their complexities to personalise future interventions, just like children who live with their birth parents. It is imperative they stop receiving mental health services where ‘one size fits all’ and that the training of staff working with this group ensures that children’s whole life experiences are understood.
A Person-Oriented Approach to Multidimensional Perfectionism: Perfectionism Profiles in Health and Well-Being
Authors: Molnar Danielle S. , Sirois Fuschia M. , Flett Gordon L. , Sadava Stanley
Published: September 2019

Advances in understanding of the perfectionism construct have been limited by an almost exclusive reliance on a variable-centered approach. This study utilized a person-oriented approach to examine Hewitt and Flett’s conceptualization of multidimensional perfectionism in relation to health and well-being. Levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism were also assessed. Cluster analyses were employed to examine within-person configurations of self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) in university students ( n = 538) and adults with chronic illness ( n = 773). Five unique configurations were found in both samples and three clusters replicated across samples. “Extreme perfectionists” with high scores across all perfectionism dimensions reported relatively poor physical health, psychological health, psychosocial resources, and well-being along with elevated neuroticism and conscientiousness. A group distinguished by elevated SPP also reported relatively poorer outcomes along with elevated neuroticism and lower conscientiousness. In contrast, “nonperfectionists” reported relatively elevated levels of health and well-being. These profiles differed in their links with health and well-being even after taking into account key differences in conscientiousness and neuroticism. Our results illustrate the importance of employing a person-oriented approach to the study of multidimensional perfectionism, especially as it relates to physical health, mental health, and subjective well-being.
The Existential Model of Perfectionism and Depressive Symptoms: Tests of Unique Contributions and Mediating Mechanisms in a Sample of Depressed Individuals
Authors: Smith Martin M. , Sherry Simon B. , Ray Cassondra M. , Lee-Baggley Dayna , Hewitt Paul L. , Flett Gordon L.
Published: September 2019

The Existential Model of Perfectionism and Depressive Symptoms (EMPDS) is a promising integrative model. According to the EMPDS, self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism indirectly influence depressive symptoms through rumination and difficulty accepting the past. Yet, the extent to which self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, rumination, and difficulty accepting the past uniquely and collectively influence depressive symptoms is unestablished. Likewise, supporting evidence derives from relatively healthy university students, rendering the generalizability of the EMPDS to more distressed individuals unclear. Our study addressed these important limitations. Data were obtained from 393 depressed individuals. Congruent with the EMPDS, bias-corrected bootstrapped tests of mediation indicated that socially prescribed perfectionism indirectly predicted depressive symptoms through rumination and difficulty accepting the past. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionism indirectly predicted depressive symptoms through rumination, but not difficulty accepting the past. Overall, the current findings highlight similarities and differences between trait perfectionism dimensions in mechanisms that link them with depression.
In-Game Actions to Promote Game-Based Math Learning Engagement
Authors: Moon Jewoong , Ke Fengfeng
Published: September 2019

Game-based learning (GBL) has increasingly been used to promote students’ learning engagement. Although prior GBL studies have highlighted the significance of learning engagement as a mediator of students’ meaningful learning, the existing accounts failed to capture specific evidence of how exactly students’ in-game actions in GBL enhance learning engagement. Hence, this mixed-method study was designed to examine whether middle school students’ in-game actions are likely to promote certain types of learning engagement (i.e., content and cognitive engagement). This study used and examined the game E-Rebuild, a single-player three-dimensional architecture game that requires learners’ application of math knowledge. Using in-depth gameplay behavior analysis, this study sampled a total of 92 screen-recorded and video-captured gameplay sessions attended by 25 middle school students. We adopted two analytic approaches: sequential analysis and thematic analysis. Whereas sequential analysis explored which in-game actions by students were likely to promote each type of learning engagement, the thematic analysis depicted how certain gameplay contexts contributed to students’ enhanced learning engagement. The study found that refugee allocation and material trading actions promoted students’ content engagement, whereas using in-game building tools and learning support boosted their cognitive engagement. This study also found that students’ learning engagement was associated with their development of mathematical thinking in a GBL context.
Dissidents and Police: The Polish March 1968 and a Tale of Two Generations
Authors: Osęka Piotr
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Generation ’68 in Poland (with a Czechoslovak Comparative Perspective).

March 1968 in Poland witnessed two different revolutions. The first one occurred at the universities. The students—the generation of twenty-year-olds—revolted against an oppressive, authoritarian state and demanded freedom of speech. But there was also a second, parallel revolution. It exploded with the anti-Jewish purge carried out by low- and mid-level party officials in their forties. These apparatchiks, born around 1930, denounced the student revolt as a “Zionist plot” and pushed for a nationalist version of the communist system. This article explores why those two generations clashed in 1968 and what was the outcome of that struggle, both in political and social terms.
Quelling Ukrainian Opposition in Interwar Poland: The Ministry of Interior’s Divide and Rule Strategy
Authors: Fedorowycz Daniel
Published: September 2019

Interwar Poland has a less than stellar reputation for its treatment of minority ethnic groups, which was cause for concern, considering that nearly one-third of Poland’s population comprised minorities—particularly Ukrainians, Jews, Belarusians, and Germans. The existing historiography on this topic overwhelmingly uses a dichotomous pre- and post-1926 framework to analyze policies pursued by Warsaw. In this article, I take a new approach to understanding minority politics in the Second Polish Republic by disaggregating the level of analysis from group-level policies to focus on the dynamics between the Ministry of Interior (MSW) and political organizations that claimed to represent minority ethnic groups. Using the case of the Ukrainian minority, I explore how the MSW, both before and after the 1926 coup, and despite regime and ideological changes, still pursued a divide and rule strategy to manage Ukrainian opposition. This policy was carried out through the promotion and exploitation of the Ukrainian minority’s political heterogeneity, the creation of state-sponsored loyalist Ukrainian organizations, the activation of sub-ethnic group cleavages, and the banning of organizations that could credibly unite the Ukrainian opposition. By examining the full spectrum of organizations and the relationship of each with the state, this article sheds new light on old questions by moving away from regime types and ideology as the primary explanatory variables dictating minority politics, in turn revealing the more nuanced and tactical, rather than the ideological, approach pursued by the Ministry of Interior to the management of ethnic minority populations throughout the interwar period.
Selling Out? A Cross-National Exploration of Nonprofit Retail Operations
Authors: Pue Kristen
Published: September 2019

Nonprofit revenue sources have significant consequences for how we understand the sector, its power, and sources of accountability. Earned income is an important element of the nonprofit revenue mix. And while commercialism among nonprofits has received some attention, there has been relatively little research seeking to understand the types of earned income that nonprofits are using and the non-commercial, mission-enhancing objectives that these activities potentially serve. This research note addresses that gap through an analysis of one type of earned income: retail operations. The note begins by situating retail within the wider literature on nonprofit revenue, and then introduces the concept of a nonprofit retail operation (NRO). It then introduces a typology of NRO formats, distinguished by the objectives that they serve. Next, it provides descriptive cross-national data on NROs using a dataset of 22 leading international non-governmental organizations in 12 countries. Finally, it discusses areas for future NRO research.
Does Hospital Status Affect Performance?
Authors: Paul Jomon A. , Quosigk Benedikt , MacDonald Leo
Published: September 2019

This article investigates the impact of hospital profit status on quality of care as measured by risk-adjusted, 30-day, inpatient readmission rates gathered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. It also evaluates the association between inpatient readmission rates and market concentration, measured by the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, and various hospital characteristics. It concludes that nonprofit (NP) hospitals have a statistically significant negative association with readmission rates because they can focus on their mission without intense pressure to make a profit. We find no significant association between quality of care and hospital market competitiveness nor any statistically significant evidence to reject the exogeneity assumption of NP status.
Lightweighting of railway axles for the reduction of unsprung mass and track access charges
Authors: Mistry PJ , Johnson MS
Published: September 2019

The potential for lightweighting of railway axles was investigated to primarily reduce the unsprung mass of rail vehicles. The reduction of unsprung mass equates to an overall lighter train, which will help to reduce track damage, energy consumption and total operating costs. Two approaches were considered for the lightweighting of railway axles, which include a hollow axle design and material substitution using advanced composite materials, to offer a more track-friendly design. The first approach showed that if the outer diameter of a hollow axle is increased by 30% over that of the solid axle diameter, a mass reduction of 56% is achievable for a hollow steel axle design. The second approach explored further mass savings that could be achieved through material substitution of a hollow axle. A systematic approach to material selection for the design requirements and constraints of a railway axle was considered to identify the candidate materials for the application. The optimum material identified was a ‘bismaleimide matrix + carbon fibre composite.’ A hollow axle manufactured from this composite material offered 64% savings in mass when compared to a hollow steel axle, and 84% savings in mass when compared to a solid steel axle. Estimates for the cost savings of lightweighting of an axle were quantified by utilising Network Rail’s variable usage charge calculator, to assess the track access charge savings that can be achieved. For the scenario described in this paper, a potential £5.58 million per year could be saved for an intercity 220/M Voyager train, in terms of variable usage charges, over the entire fleet of 34 trains (four carriages per train) by implementing hollow composite axles. This is an example of a costing approach to support the decision making of lightweighting of rail vehicles.
Prevalence and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Trinidad
Authors: Edwards R Jeffrey , Hinds Avery , Lyons Nyla , Figueroa J Peter
Published: September 2019

A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending the STI clinic in Trinidad was conducted during the period April–September 2014. A questionnaire was administered to obtain socio-demographic data and risk factors for STIs and patients were screened for STIs. Two hundred and ten PLHIV (138 males [65.7%] and 72 females [34.3%]) were enrolled; age range 18–68 years, mean age 36.4 years. Seventy-eight (37.1%) of the 210 patients were diagnosed with a concurrent STI. Homosexual/bisexual study patients were more likely to be diagnosed with an STI (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.94–6.51) and more likely to be diagnosed with syphilis (OR, 4.84; 95% CI, 2.40–9.77). Multivariate analysis using binary multiple regression showed that risk factors for STIs included male gender (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.06–5.73), homosexual/bisexual sexual orientation (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.06–4.80) and multiple sex partners within the past 12 months (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03–3.86). There is a high prevalence of STIs among homosexual/bisexual patients in this study in whom syphilis was the most commonly diagnosed STI. Hence more frequent STI screening and targeted HIV/STI prevention efforts to reduce high-risk behaviour are needed.
Real-world evaluation of the safety and tolerability of abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine in an incarcerated population
Authors: Brizzi Marisa B , Chiampas Thomas D , Michienzi Sarah M , Young Jeremy D , Patel Mahesh C , Badowski Melissa E
Published: September 2019

A trend of increased adverse effects and laboratory abnormalities was observed in patients treated at the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System (UIH) HIV Telemedicine Clinic after switching to abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine (ABC/DTG/3TC). Therefore, we sought to investigate if major clinical trials overestimated the safety and tolerability of DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study was a single-center, retrospective, pre- and post-analysis of incarcerated patients receiving care at the UIH HIV Telemedicine Clinic, USA. Patients included were adults with HIV switched from previous ART to ABC/DTG/3TC. Primary endpoints included patient-reported adverse effects and changes in renal and hepatic function from baseline. A total of 95 patients were included in the study. After switching from previous ART to ABC/DTG/3TC, 20% of patients reported incidence of adverse effects. Most common were headache (7.4%), nausea (6.3%) rash (3.2%), fatigue (3.2%), and insomnia (2.1%). There were statistically significant increases in serum creatinine (SCr), in 20% of the patients (P < 0.0001), with a median increase of 0.38 mg/dl. ABC/DTG/3TC appears to have similar or fewer adverse effects in the real-world incarcerated population compared to clinical trials. DTG-based ART can cause statistically significant increases in SCr in some patients.
Impact of hepatitis C virus antibody positivity on mortality and causes of death in people living with HIV in Georgia
Authors: Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Bolokadze Natalia , Rukhadze Nino , Dvali Natia , Abutidze Akaki , Sharvadze Lali , Tsertsvadze Tengiz
Published: September 2019

Hepatitis C co-infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) is common in Georgia. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely available in the country since 2004, and from 2011, patients have unlimited access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. A retrospective nationwide cohort study included adult PLWH diagnosed between 2004–2016, who were followed up until 31 December 2017. Predictors of mortality were assessed in Cox proportional hazards regression model. A total of 4560 persons contributed 22,322 person-years (PY) of follow-up, including 2058 (45.1%, 10,676 PY) anti-HCV+ patients. After the median 4.1 years of follow-up, 954 persons died, including 615 anti-HCV+ patients. Persons with HCV had higher overall mortality compared to HIV monoinfection (5.76/100 PY vs. 2.91/100 PY, p < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, anti-HCV positivity was significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09–1.85). Among anti-HCV+ persons, liver-related mortality due to viral hepatitis before the availability of HCV therapy (2004–2011) was 2.11 cases per 100 PY and this decreased to 0.79 cases per 100 PY after 2011 (p < 0.0001). AIDS remained the leading cause of death prior to and after 2011. Wide availability of ART and anti-HCV therapy translated into a significant decline in mortality including due to liver-related causes. Improving earlier diagnosis will decrease excess AIDS-related mortality among people living with HIV/HCV co-infection.
Performance of vaginal self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing among women living with HIV in Botswana
Authors: Elliott Tamara , Kohler Racquel E , Monare Barati , Moshashane Neo , Ramontshonyana Kehumile , Muthoga Charles , Wynn Adriane , Howett Rebecca , Luckett Rebecca , Morroni Chelsea , Ramogola-Masire Doreen
Published: September 2019

In Botswana, where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence remains high, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Multiple organizations recommend high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) testing as a screening tool; however, high coverage may not be feasible with provider-collected samples. We conducted the first assessment of self- versus provider-collected samples for hr-HPV testing in HIV-positive women in Botswana and report prevalence of hr-HPV and histological outcomes. We recruited HIV-positive women ≥25 years attending an HIV clinic in Gaborone. Self- and provider-collected samples from participants were tested for hr-HPV using Cepheid GeneXpert. Women testing positive for any hr-HPV returned for colposcopy. We used unweighted κ statistics to determine hr-HPV agreement. We report that 31 (30%) of 103 women tested positive for any hr-HPV. The most common genotypes were HPV 31/33/35/52/58. Overall agreement between self- and provider-collected samples for any hr-HPV was 92% with a κ of 0.80. Ten of the 30 hr-HPV-positive women attending colposcopy had CIN2+ (33%). In conclusion, in this HIV-positive population, there was excellent agreement between self and provider samples, and self-sampling may play an important role in screening programs in high HIV burden settings with limited resources like Botswana.
Scrotal ulcer due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in an HIV-positive man who has sex with men in Japan: a case report
Authors: Ogawa Yoshihiko , Kasahara Kei , Asada Tomoko , Yoshihara Shingo , Hirai Nobuyasu , Furukawa Ryutaro , Nishimura Tomoko , Ohmori Keitaro , Nakano Ryuichi , Yano Hisakazu , Mikasa Keiichi
Published: September 2019

A genital ulcer can be associated with sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis and herpes, and sexually transmitted organisms, such as Chlamydia trachomatis. We report a case of scrotal ulcer caused by Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 in a 56-year-old man living with human immunodeficiency virus in Osaka, Japan. It is important to enhance the awareness and surveillance regarding the potential of spread of this organism in the community of men who have sex with men in this district.
Time series analysis of delta neutrophil index as the predictor of sepsis in patients with acute poisoning
Authors: Park SJ , Park J , Lee MJ , Seo JS , Ahn JY , Cho JW
Published: September 2019

Delta neutrophil index (DNI), which reflects the fraction of immature granulocytes, is used to detect infection and sepsis from noninfectious conditions, but few studies have evaluated in the early stage of acute poisoning. This retrospective observational study was performed on acute poisoning patients who visited to the emergency department (ED) and were consecutively admitted in intensive care units over 18-month period. The serial DNI, conventional inflammatory biomarkers, and culture results were obtained in the ED and after admission. The outcomes were the identification of sepsis, bacteremia, and 30-day mortality. Of 166 patients (mean age, 56.0 years) in this cohort, 59 (35.5%) had sepsis and 29 (17.5%) had bacteremia. Initial and peak DNI fractions 24 h after ED admission were strong independent predictors of sepsis development. Analysis of the area under the curve according to multiple receiver operating characteristics showed that DNI had a higher capability to predict sepsis than other parameters (0.815 for DNI, 0.700 for procalcitonin, 0.681 for C-reactive protein, and 0.741 for white blood cell). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was found that DNI was an independent predictor of sepsis (95% confidence interval (CI) of odds: 1.03–1.18) and bacteremia (95% CI: 1.01–1.14). Therefore, initial and serial measurement of DNI may serve as useful risk predictor for development of sepsis or bacteremia in acute poisoning.
Effectiveness of pharmaceutical care for drug treatment adherence in women with lupus nephritis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oliveira-Santos M , Verani J F S , Camacho L A B , de Andrade C A F , Klumb E M
Published: September 2019

Objective

Studies have been conducted to determine the causal factors and clinical consequences of non-adherence to treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, no interventions have been performed to increase drug adherence. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care (PC) for drug treatment adherence in lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods

This was a randomized clinical trial (pragmatic trial) in patients with LN in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, allocated in two groups: an intervention group (Dader Method for PC) and a control group (institution's usual care). Drug treatment adherence was measured by the combination of five questions normally used in clinical practice.

Results

A total of 131 patients were randomized, and 122 completed the study, with a mean follow-up of 12.7 months and use of six drugs per day and 10–12 doses per day. Low adherence was observed at baseline (intervention group: 30%; control group: 29%). PC showed 27% effectiveness (95% confidence interval (CI) –6% to 50%) in the intention to treat analysis and 31% (95% CI 0–52%) in per protocol analysis, considering all drugs. As for adherence to specific drugs for SLE, effectiveness of PC was 64% (95% CI 34–80%) with intention-to-treat analysis and 62% (95% CI 32–79%) in per protocol analysis.

Conclusions

PC was effective for increasing drug treatment adherence in SLE. The detailed account provided by the Dader Method of the difficulties with patients' drug therapy proved invaluable to approach non-adherence.
Resource Partitioning and Hospital Specialization
Authors: Okasha Ahmed
Published: September 2019

Background:

Organizational scholars have been debating over specialism and generalism, and which environment is better for specialists and for generalists.

Methods:

This study relies heavily on the work of Okasha (Okasha, 1995, Modeling the determinants of hospital services differentiation and specialization (Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond) and enhances it with available current literature on the topic. Okasha’s ( Modeling the determinants of hospital services differentiation and specialization (Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond) study tested the use of resource partitioning theory to explain the conversion of generalists to specialists under competitive environments.

Results:

The anticipated effect of buyers of care on hospital specialization was evident. Recent work on specialization (Eastaugh, 2014, Journal of Healthcare Finance) confirmed the trend.

Conclusion:

Buyer-related factors and organizational factors were the most important predictors of the positive change in hospital specialization between 1987 and 1993. High competition, the increased pressure from buyers of care, and organizational factors were the most important predictors of the positive change in the hospital specialization measures during that time period.
A Decision-making Model for Supplier Selection in Indian Pharmaceutical Organizations
Authors: Ganguly Anirban , Kumar Chitresh , Chatterjee Debdeep
Published: September 2019

Supplier selection is the process by which firms identify, evaluate and contract with suppliers. The supplier selection process deploys a tremendous amount of a firm’s operational and financial resources and is considered as an important determinant of the success of its supply chain. In spite of being strategically important to organizations, the decision for supplier selection is often complex and unstructured. Furthermore, it is inherently a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) problem, which pertains to structuring and solving decision problems involving multiple criteria. The paper provides a framework to analyze and evaluate supplier selection in Indian pharmaceutical sector (IPS) using MCDM technique of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. It intends to improve managerial decision-making in the IPS in developing a supplier selection strategy based on multi-criteria evaluation technique.
The Influence of Parents and Schools on Adolescents’ Perceived Diet and Exercise Self-Efficacy: A School-Based Sample From the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Bani-Issa Wegdan , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Brown Hilary K. , Ibrahim Ali , Almomani Fidaa M. , Walton Lori Maria , Al-Shujairi Arwa M.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: In the United Arab Emirates, an alarming rate of 19% obesity among adolescents, associated with poor lifestyle, is apparent. Diet and exercise self-efficacy could influence adolescents’ engagement in healthy behaviors. This study evaluates adolescents’ perceptions of diet and exercise self-efficacy and explores the impact of parents and schools on self-efficacy. Method: A cluster sampling approach in cross-sectional design was used to recruit 610 school adolescents (Grades 7-12) over a 6-month period. Information on sociodemographics, lifestyle, parents, and schools was explored. Self-efficacy was assessed using The Eating Habits and Exercise Confidence Survey. Results: Participants reported moderate diet and exercise self-efficacy. Diet self-efficacy was predicted by parental support, eating breakfast and meals regularly at home, and prohibiting soft drinks. School support and frequency of weekly exercise classes predicted exercise self-efficacy; p values ≤.05. Discussion: Cultural knowledge and collaboration are essential to promote self-efficacy in multiethnic adolescents in the United Arab Emirates.
Contextualizing Homicide-Suicide: Examining How Ecological Gun Availability Affects Homicide-Suicide at Multiple Levels of Analysis
Authors: Zimmerman Gregory M. , Fridel Emma E.
Published: September 2019

There is virtually no information on the relevance of contextual gun availability for homicide-suicide, or on whether ecological gun availability distinguishes homicide-suicide from homicide-only and suicide-only. This study addresses these gaps in the literature. Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System includes 2,535 homicide-suicides, 28,027 homicides, and 138,948 suicides across 1,584 counties and 50 U.S. states from 2003 to 2015. Results indicated that ecological gun ownership increased state rates of homicide-suicide and amplified the odds of firearm violence against two persons (other and self) relative to one (other or self). The results suggest that limiting gun availability can significantly reduce homicide-suicide.
Gesture Analysis and Organizational Research: The Development and Application of a Protocol for Naturalistic Settings
Authors: Clarke Jean S. , Llewellyn Nicholas , Cornelissen Joep , Viney Rowena
Published: September 2019

Gestures are an underresearched but potentially significant aspect of organizational conduct that is relevant to researchers across a range of theoretical and empirical domains. In engaging the cross-disciplinary field of gesture studies, we develop and apply a protocol for analyzing gestures produced in naturalistic settings during ongoing streams of talk and embodied activity. Analyzing video recordings of entrepreneurial investor pitches, we work through this protocol and demonstrate its usefulness. While doing so, we also explore methodological tensions in gesture studies and draw out methodological arguments as they relate to the analysis of these fleeting and often intricate bodily movements. The article contributes a generally applicable protocol for the analysis of gestures in naturalistic settings, and it assesses the methodological implications of this protocol both for research on entrepreneurship and new venture creation and management and organization research more generally.
The use of pelvic radiographs as a predictor for gluteal tendinopathy and bursitis
Authors: Murphy Jennifer , Yusta-Zato Jose , Patel Anish , Davies A Mark , James Steven L , McBryde Callum , Botchu Rajesh
Published: September 2019

Aim:

To evaluate the relationship between radiographic measurements of the hip and sonographic evidence of gluteal tendinopathy and bursitis in patients with lateral hip pain.

Methods and materials:

Patients with lateral hip pain referred for ultrasound of the hip in our institution over a 5-year period were identified. Findings of gluteal tendinopathy and subgluteal or trochanteric bursitis on ultrasound were recorded. Radiographs of the hip were also evaluated and femoral offset (FO), global offset (GO), abductor lever arm (ALA) and trochanteric impingement distance (TID) were recorded. The mean of each measurement was compared between patients with gluteal tendinopathy and subgluteal or trochanteric bursitis.

Results:

273 patients were included in the study. 107 patients (39.2%) had a THA. In the asymptomatic hip, a range of normal measurements were obtained: FO 22.4–76.5 mm, GO 40.1–116.1 mm, ALA 45.0–98.4 mm and TID 13.8–63.1 mm. In the native hip and post THA, there was no statistically significant relationship between FO, GO, ALA and TID in patients with gluteal tendinopathy or trochanteric or subgluteal bursitis.

Conclusions:

Lateral hip pain is a common presenting complaint in patients with hip pain and is reported in a small proportion of patients post THA. No statistically significant relationship was found between radiographic measurements and ultrasound findings in our patient cohort. However, we describe the range of measurements obtained from the normal asymptomatic hip in this large cohort of patients, which may aid in the evaluation and management of patients with lateral hip pain.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression in schoolchildren with and without developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Draghi Tatiane Targino Gomes , Cavalcante Neto Jorge Lopes , Tudella Eloisa
Published: September 2019

We examined whether reported higher frequencies of anxiety and depression symptoms are related to the presence of developmental coordination disorder in school-age Brazilian children. A total of 272 children were assigned to six groups according to age and motor performance. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition evaluated the motor performance. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale and the Child Depression Inventory assessed anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Brazilian children are at high risk for anxiety, regardless of motor performance and age. However, children with developmental coordination disorder report significantly more depressive symptomatology in 10–12 years compared to typically developing children.
Remaining capacity estimation for buildings after an explosion using the adaptive alternate path analysis
Authors: Eskew Edward L , Jang Shinae
Published: September 2019

After an explosion, determining the remaining capacity of a structure to resist a progressive collapse can provide valuable information for emergency operations and decision makers. Condition assessments after a blast are commonly performed with a visual inspection. However, visual inspections can be time-consuming and involve putting additional personnel into harm’s way. Analytical blast analyses can estimate a structures post-blast condition, but to achieve a high level of accuracy these analyses can be time-consuming and require information regarding the blast event which may not be available at the time. This presents a need for a threat independent post-blast analysis method, which can assess for the post-blast structural condition without requiring personnel to enter the structure. The alternate path method has been used to design buildings to resist a progressive collapse; however, it does not incorporate damage outside of element failure making it unsuitable for post-blast condition assessments. Model updating using modal properties from vibration measurements has been used in structural health monitoring to estimate damage on structures, but it has not been applied to post-blast structures. In this article, a method to estimate the remaining elemental structural capacity of a post-blast structure, called the adaptive alternate path analysis, is presented. This method involves using the alternate path method to assess an updated numerical model, which incorporates the buildings’ structural damage. To demonstrate the impact of incorporating additional damage beyond elemental failure on a structure’s capacity, a simulated study is presented using simulated stiffness reductions. A blast simulation is then used to show the capacity of the updated numerical model to represent the post-blast structure and the improvements gained over using the original model. The presented methodology can be used to assess a structures potential for progressive collapse after a blast, leading to safer emergency operations.
Dynamic analysis on single-rotor multi-input helicopter main gearbox related with structural parameters
Authors: Zhang Wei , An Luling
Published: September 2019

Combined with the finite element method and the lumped mass method, the integral node dynamic model of a single-rotor multi-input helicopter main gearbox is established. The influence of shaft parameters on dynamic characteristics is analyzed, and each torsional shaft is regarded as a finite element node to derive the system dynamic equation. In addition, the dynamic model of the meshing pair element is established by lumped mass method, and these elements not only include internal excitations such as time-varying meshing stiffness and transmission error, but also carry the external load. The differential equations of the system are solved by the Fourier series method. The dynamic responses of the converging element and the planetary gear train are obtained. The load-sharing coefficients of these elements are calculated by the influence of the shaft structural parameters. A parameter optimization method is proposed to improve the system load characteristics, which provides a theoretical support for the design of helicopter main transmission system.
Evaluation of the combustion-induced noise and vibration using coherence and wavelet coherence estimates in a diesel engine
Authors: Ahmadian Hossein , Najafi Gholamhassan , Ghobadian Barat , Hassan-Beygi Seyed Reza , Hoseini Seyed Salar
Published: September 2019

The understanding of noise generation and source identification is vital in noise control. This research was conducted to experimentally evaluate combustion-induced noise and vibration using coherence and wavelet coherence estimates. A single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine was chosen for experimental investigation. The independent variables for conducting experiments were injection timing with five levels of 22, 27, 32 (normal), 37, and 42 crank angles before the top dead center, and also the engine torque load with four levels of 55%, 70%, 85%, and 100% of the rated value. The signals of cylinder pressure, liner acceleration, and radiated sound pressure of the test engine were measured and recorded. Then, coherency and wavelet coherency experiments were carried out between cylinder pressure and liner acceleration, cylinder pressure and sound pressure, and liner acceleration and sound pressure signals in MATLAB software. The results indicated that increasing load would increase wavelet coherency between cylinder pressure and liner acceleration signals at frequencies higher than 1 kHz. The coherent regions between cylinder pressure and sound pressure signals were mainly at frequencies higher than 1 kHz while advancing the fuel injection timing had shifted the coherency toward lower frequencies. In general, with advancing injection timing, the coherent regions between liner acceleration and sound pressure signals have appeared at broader time ranges, especially at frequencies between 100 and 500 Hz. Comparing the results of the wavelet coherency and coherency tests, we concluded that wavelet coherency is a more accurate and descriptive tool in evaluating the combustion-induced noise and vibration.
The Study of National Preference Formation in Times of the Euro Crisis and Beyond
Authors: Kassim Hussein , Saurugger Sabine , Puetter Uwe
Published: September 2019

The aim of its introduction is threefold: We start from a conceptual clarification of preference formation, defining it provisionally as a political process ‘by which social actors decide what they want and what to pursue’. After an analysis of different conceptual and theoretical approaches, the introduction offers a critique of liberal intergovernmentalism, one of the major explanatory frameworks of preference formation in European Union studies. This critique centres on the context in which national preference formation took place during the European Monetary Union crisis. This special issue argues that the conceptualisation of preference formation as state-based, unidirectional and unchanged by the regime is deeply problematic. Preference formation is typically messy and non-linear and rarely closed to the possibility that both preferences and positions may change, sometimes radically, it is even more complex, context-sensitive, and open to a wide range of influences in a multi-level system such as the European Union. In other words, the traditional understanding of preference formation as a purely domestic process of interest aggregation and competition require revision given the multiple factors that shape preferences in general and in the interdependent policy-making of the European Union in particular.
To Be a (M)other: A Feminist Performative Autoethnography of Abortion
Authors: Swafford Shelby
Published: September 2019

This is an abortion story. A feminist story. A body story. An autoethnographic story. This is a story of learning how to story abortion in a culture unforgiving to abortion stories. A story of embodying a body deemed unworthy of embodiment. A story of enfleshment enmeshed amid silence and violence. Influenced by feminist embodied auto-epistemologies, this essay seeks to disrupt the functionality of the U.S. American abortion debate through a performative, somatic reclamation of my experience from the semantic constrictions of highly medicalized, politicized, and individualized hegemonic discourses. Engaging a feminist performative autoethnographic praxis informed by écriture feminine, I center my corporeal body as a site of epistemological value to speak back against the limiting narratives of/about abortion while illustrating the critical creative potentials of performative autoethnographic storytelling. This essay weaves theory, lyric prose, epistolary, and poetry to performatively reconstruct, reframe, and reclaim my abortion experience through an embodied autoethnographic framework, in hopes of illuminating possibilities for others to “[experiment] with how we might tell stories differently rather than simply telling different stories” (p. 16).
Patriarchy Interrupted: Differential Realizations and Manifestations of Power in Butch/Femme Relationships
Authors: Silverman Rachel E. , Comeforo Kristin
Published: September 2019

This auto-theoretical essay explores femme and butch as differential identities, expressed through the very specific gender performances of lesbian identity—fem(me)ininity and mas(k)ulinity. We revisit a night spent together as a means of cocreating the understanding of lesbian habitus and the space lesbians occupy when they come together sexually. We interrogate what this means for our own gender performances and expressions of power both within our relationship and in the broader world. Beginning with the term fe(me)ininity and moving through the call for feminist scholarship to create new language, we offer mas(k)ulinity as a new way to frame the subversive performance of butchness. We suggest that the spaces created by femme/butch pairings, ones that manifest fem(me)ininity and mas(k)ulinity, reorient power within relationships, and have the potential to disrupt patriarchal forms of gendered control.
Gender Differences in Youth Exposure to Community Violence: A Partial Test of Power-Control Theory
Authors: Antunes Maria João Lobo , Ahlin Eileen M. , Emmert Amanda D. , Manasse Michelle
Published: September 2019

Youths’ exposure to community violence increases their risk for harmful emotional and behavioral outcomes. Several family management strategies protect youth against exposure though there is scant literature exploring whether their application is gendered. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we draw from power-control theory to assess gender differences in family management strategies and the extent to which this accounts for boys’ greater exposure to neighborhood violence. Controlling for neighborhood contextual factors and youth covariates of exposure to violence, findings suggest that parents adopt gendered parenting practices, which in turn helps clarify why boys are more likely to report exposure to community violence.
Lipid Status During Combined Treatment in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Wolny-Rokicka Edyta , Tukiendorf Andrzej , Wydmański Jerzy , Ostrowska Małgorzata , Zembroń-Łacny Agnieszka
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to provide a specific review of current medical literature regarding the lipid profile during prostate carcinoma (PCa) treatment. The main aim was to analyze the results presented by different authors and to find a commonality in the changes occurring during the treatment—hormonotherapy. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were measured before and after the follow-up treatment. The manuscripts reviewed came from the period between 2008 and 2016. The size of the studies ranged from 16 participants to 310. The mean age was from 65 to 74 years in all studies. The Q test was used to attain all lipid parameters and to specify heterogeneity ( p < .0001). After 12 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the patients had a significantly higher level serum TC and TG.
The E Is in the G: Gene–Environment–Trait Correlations and Findings From Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Avinun Reut
Published: September 2019

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that pleiotropy is widespread (i.e., the same genetic variants affect multiple traits) and that complex traits are polygenic (i.e., affected by many genetic variants with very small effect sizes). However, despite the growing number of GWASs, the possible contribution of gene–environment correlations (rGEs) to pleiotropy and polygenicity has been mostly ignored. rGEs can lead to environmentally mediated pleiotropy or gene–environment–trait correlations (rGETs), given that an environment that is affected by one genetically influenced phenotype, can in turn affect a different phenotype. By adding correlations with environmentally mediated genetic variants, rGETs can contribute to polygenicity. Socioeconomic status (SES) and the experience of stressful life events may, for example, be involved in rGETs. Both are genetically influenced and have been associated with a myriad of physical and mental disorders. As a result, GWASs of these disorders may find the genetic correlates of SES and stressful life events. Consequently, some of the genetic correlates of physical and mental disorders may be modified by public policy that affects environments such as SES and stressful life events. Thus, identifying rGETs can shed light on findings from GWASs and have important implications for public health.
DT-0111: a novel drug-candidate for the treatment of COPD and chronic cough
Authors: Pelleg Amir , Xu Fadi , Zhuang Jianguo , Undem Bradley , Burnstock Geoffrey
Published: September 2019

Background:

Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) plays important mechanistic roles in pulmonary disorders in general and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cough in particular. The effects of ATP in the lungs are mediated to a large extent by P2X2/3 receptors (P2X2/3R) localized on vagal sensory nerve terminals (both C and Aδ fibers). The activation of these receptors by ATP triggers a pulmonary-pulmonary central reflex, which results in bronchoconstriction and cough, and is also proinflammatory due to the release of neuropeptides from these nerve terminals via the axon reflex. These actions of ATP in the lungs constitute a strong rationale for the development of a new class of drugs targeting P2X2/3R. DT-0111 is a novel, small, water-soluble molecule that acts as an antagonist at P2X2/3R sites.

Methods:

Experiments using receptor-binding functional assays, rat nodose ganglionic cells, perfused innervated guinea pig lung preparation ex vivo, and anesthetized and conscious guinea pigs in vivo were performed.

Results:

DT-0111 acted as a selective and effective antagonist at P2X2/3R, that is, it did not activate or block P2YR; markedly inhibited the activation by ATP of nodose pulmonary vagal afferents in vitro; and, given as an aerosol, inhibited aerosolized ATP-induced bronchoconstriction and cough in vivo.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that DT-0111 is an attractive drug-candidate for the treatment of COPD and chronic cough, both of which still constitute major unmet clinical needs. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplementary material section.