bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Optimized Preprocessing and Modeling Algorithms for Prediction of Soil Properties Using VIS-NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Vestergaard Rebecca-Jo , Vasava Hiteshkumar , Aspinall Doug , Chen Songchao , Gillespie Adam , Adamchuk Viacheslav , Biswas Asim
Published: October 2021

The absorbance spectra for air-dried and ground soil samples from Ontario, Canada were collected in the visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) region from 343 to 2200 nm. The study examined thirteen combination of six preprocessing (1st derivative, 2nd derivative, Savitzky-Golay, Gap, SNV and Detrend) method included in ‘prospectr’ R package along with four modeling approaches: partial least square regression (PLSR), cubist, random forest (RF), and extreme learning machine (ELM) for prediction of the soil organic matter (SOM). The 1st derivative + gap, 2nd derivative + gap and standard normal variance (SNV) were the best preprocessing algorithms. Thus, only these three preprocessing algorithms along with four modeling approaches were used for prediction of soil pH, electrical conductively (EC), %sand, %silt, %clay, %very coarse sand (VCS), %coarse sand (CS), %medium sand (ms) and %fine sand (fs). The results showed that OM, pH, %sand, %silt and %CS were all predicted with confidence (R2 > 0.60) and the combination of 1st derivative + gap and RF gained the best performance. A detailed comparison of the preprocessing and modeling algorithms for various soil properties in this study demonstrate that for better prediction of soil properties using VIS-NIR spectroscopy requires different preprocessing and modeling algorithms. However, in general RF and 1st derivative + gap can be labeled at the best combination of preprocessing and modelling algorithms.
Using the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to Study Animal Cruelty: Preliminary Results (2016–2019)
Authors: Palais Julie M.
Published: October 2021

On 1 January 2016, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began collecting data on crimes involving animal cruelty from law enforcement agencies that participate in the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) in the United States (U.S.). Prior to 2016, such crimes either went unreported or were lumped into an “all other offenses” category, making it difficult to understand who was committing these crimes and whether there were any connections between crimes perpetrated against animals and crimes in which there was a human victim. Animal cruelty has cruelty has been linked to certain types of human violence and, therefore, it is important for authorities to know more about the people committing these crimes. Preliminary results from an analysis of the first four years (2016–2019) of data are presented. The age and gender of animal cruelty offenders, the time of day when most crimes occur, and the most common locations where offenses take place are presented. The type of animal cruelty involved and details of the other crimes that co-occur with animal cruelty are discussed. The limitations of the data are shared and recommendations are made about other types of data that could be collected in the future to add value to the data.
Entrepreneurship in Ethnic Enterprises: The Making of New Immigrant Businesses in New York
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Alshawi Ali A. Hadi , Hasan Mehedi
Published: October 2021

Research on ethnic entrepreneurship has generated substantial literature on the development of ethnic businesses among different immigrant groups in North America. Such studies tend to focus on the emergence of immigrant entrepreneurship among earlier immigrant groups by highlighting either the group characteristics or the opportunity structure. Existing studies also tend to overlook the importance of innovation in immigrants’ small businesses due to the marginality of immigrant businesses. Thus, there is a dearth of research on new immigrant communities in the USA that illuminates immigrants’ innovative practices. Drawing on the experiences of 50 Bangladeshi entrepreneurs in New York, this research examined how this emerging immigrant group transformed into immigrant entrepreneurs through the investigation of their innovative practices in small business. This paper determined that immigrant entrepreneurs are embedded within the dynamics of the immigration trajectory and the broader context of American society. Although these new immigrants were driven towards the lower end of the economy, this study found that innovations have expanded the breadth and depth of their businesses and made their businesses different and rewarding.
Mitigating Spatial Conflict of Land Use for Sustainable Wetlands Landscape in Li-Xia-River Region of Central Jiangsu, China
Authors: Sun Yan , Ge Xiaoping , Liu Junna , Chang Yuanyuan , Liu Gang-Jun , Chen Fu
Published: October 2021

Li-Xia-river Wetlands make up the biggest freshwater marsh in East China. Over the last decades, social and economic developments have dramatically altered the natural wetlands landscape. Mitigating land use conflict is beneficial to protect wetlands, maintain ecosystem services, and coordinate local socioeconomic development. This study employed multi-source data and GIS-based approaches to construct a composite index model with the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the intensity of land use conflict in Li-Xia-river Wetlands from 1978 to 2018. The results showed that the percentage of the wetlands’ area declined from 20.3% to 15.6%, with an overall reduction rate of 23.2%. The mean index of land use conflict increased from 0.15 to 0.35, which suggests that the conflict intensity changed from “no conflict” to “mild conflict.” The number of severe conflict units increased by about 25 times. A conspicuous spatial variation of land use conflict was observed across different periods, although taking land for agricultural activities was the overriding reason for wetlands reduction. However, in recent years, urban sprawl has posed the greatest threat to Li-Xia-river Wetlands. Coordinating land use conflict and formulating a practical strategy are the initial imperative steps to mitigate the threat to wetlands.
Most Often Motivated by Social Media: The Who, the What, and the How Much—Experience from Poland
Authors: Król Karol , Zdonek Dariusz
Published: October 2021

Content published in social media (SM) can be motivating. It can induce action, stimulate demand, and shape opinions. On the other hand, it can demotivate, cause helplessness, or overwhelm with information. Still, the impact of SM is not always the same. The paper aims to analyse the relations between sex, personality, and the way social media is used and motivation to take specific actions. The conclusions are founded on a survey (n = 462). The data were analysed with statistical methods. The study revealed that the use of SM has a significant impact on the motivation to act. Browsing through descriptions and photographs of various achievements posted by others in SM increased the intrinsic motivation of the respondents. Positive comments and emojis had a similar effect. Moreover, women and extraverts noted a significantly greater impact of SM on their intrinsic motivation concerning health and beauty effort, travel, hobby, and public expression of opinions than men and introverts. The results can be useful to recruiters. Extravert women that are open to cooperation, thorough, and well-organised are more likely to be active in SM.
Appraisal of the Sesame Production Opportunities and Constraints, and Farmer-Preferred Varieties and Traits, in Eastern and Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Teklu Desawi Hdru , Shimelis Hussein , Tesfaye Abush , Abady Seltene
Published: October 2021

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop with well-developed value chains. It is Ethiopia’s most valuable export commodity after coffee (Coffea arabica L.), contributing to socioeconomic development. The productivity of the crop is low and stagnant in Ethiopia and other major sesame growing regions in sub-Saharan Africa (<0.6 t/ha) due to a multitude of production constraints. The objective of this study was to document sesame production opportunities and constraints, as well as farmer- and market-preferred varieties and traits, in eastern and southwestern Ethiopia as a guide for large-scale production and breeding. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) study was conducted in two selected sesame growing regions and four districts in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 160 and 46 sesame farmers through semistructured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Sesame is grown by all respondent farmers in the study areas for food and as a source of cash. Most respondent farmers (56%) reported cultivating sesame using seeds of unknown varieties often sourced from the informal seed sector. About 83% of the respondents reported lack of access to improved seeds as the most important production constraint, followed by low yield gains from cultivating the existing varieties (reported by 73.8% of respondents), diseases (69.4%), and low market price (68.8%). Other production constraints included insect pests (59.4%), lack of market information (55%), and high cost of seed (50%). The above constraints were attributed to the absence of a dedicated breeding programme, lack of a formal seed sector, poor extension services, and underdeveloped pre- and postharvest infrastructures. The most important market-preferred traits of sesame included true-to-type seed (reported by 36.3% of respondents), white seed colour (28.8%), and high seed oil content (23.8%). The vital farmer-preferred attributes included reasonable market price (reported by 11.3% of respondents), resistance to crop diseases (10.9%), drought tolerance (10.3%), resistance to crop insect pests (9.2%), higher seed yield (8.9%), higher thousand-seed weight (7.2%), higher oil content (6.3%), white seed colour (6.1%), early maturity (6.1%), and good oil qualities such as aroma and taste (5.7%). Therefore, there is a need for a dedicated sesame genetic improvement programme by integrating the above key production constraints and market- and farmer-preferred traits to develop and deploy new generation varieties to enhance the production, productivity, and adoption of sesame cultivars in Ethiopia.
Design and Verification of a Simple Approach to Brownfields Categorization
Authors: Vojvodíková Barbara , Fojtík Radim , Tichá Iva
Published: October 2021

Brownfields have been the subject of research, evaluation, categorization and, of course, redevelopment for many years. The ABC(D) model (an assessment tool to identify different types of sites in terms of their potential) by the Concerted Action on Brownfield and Economic Regeneration Network (CABERNET) has been mentioned in many publications. The aim of the assessment method presented in this article is to use the basic essence of the categories in the ABC(D) model and to use our own very simple criteria. Our criteria are the result of many years of experience in the creation and management of the brownfield database. In 2017, the development potential of selected brownfields in the database of the Moravian-Silesian region (Czech Republic) was evaluated using our proposed procedure (three objective and one subjective criterion). In 2020, verification of the categories in regard to how correctly or incorrectly they were proposed was carried out. The results from this verification, including reasons for the accompanying inaccuracies, are a part of this article. We verified that the very simple evaluation procedure we proposed is functional and can be applied by database administrators continuously without the need to create complex datasets and statistical evaluations.
On the Question of Stepwise [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions and Their Stereochemical Aspects
Authors: Jasiński Radomir
Published: October 2021

Even at the end of the twentieth century, the view of the one-step [4+2] cycloaddition (Diels-Alder) reaction mechanism was widely accepted as the only possible one, regardless of the nature of the reaction components. Much has changed in the way these reactions are perceived since then. In particular, multi-step mechanisms with zwitterionic or diradical intermediates have been proposed for a number of processes. This review provided a critical analysis of such cases.
Enhancement of an Optimized Key for Database Sanitization to Ensure the Security and Privacy of an Autism Dataset
Authors: Rahman Md. Mokhlesur , Muniyandi Ravie Chandren , Sahran Shahnorbanun , Mohamed Suziyani
Published: October 2021

Interrupting, altering, or stealing autism-related sensitive data by cyber attackers is a lucrative business which is increasing in prevalence on a daily basis. Enhancing the security and privacy of autism data while adhering to the symmetric encryption concept is a critical challenge in the field of information security. To identify autism perfectly and for its data protection, the security and privacy of these data are pivotal concerns when transmitting information over the Internet. Consequently, researchers utilize software or hardware disk encryption, data backup, Data Encryption Standard (DES), TripleDES, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4), and others. Moreover, several studies employ k-anonymity and query to address security concerns, but these necessitate a significant amount of time and computational resources. Here, we proposed the sanitization approach for autism data security and privacy. During this sanitization process, sensitive data are concealed, which avoids the leakage of sensitive information. An optimal key was generated based on our improved meta-heuristic algorithmic framework called Enhanced Combined PSO-GWO (Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization) framework. Finally, we compared our simulation results with traditional algorithms, and it achieved increased output effectively. Therefore, this finding shows that data security and privacy in autism can be improved by enhancing an optimal key used in the data sanitization process to prevent unauthorized access to and misuse of data.
The Level of Self-Esteem May Influence the Effect of Positive Self-Statements. An EEG Alpha Asymmetry Pilot Study
Authors: Dziembowska Inga , Rasmus Anna , Esmaeilzadeh Samad , Wiłkość-Dębczyńska Monika
Published: October 2021

(1) Background: Affirmative statements are widely recognized as a reliable tool that enhances personal resources to manage life demands, including stress-coping and emotional adaptability. However, recent data suggest that contrary effects can be obtained regarding the global self-esteem level. The current study focused on an approach for recognizing affirmation-induced responses in electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha asymmetry. (2) Methods: EEG data were collected from a total of 45 males (16–20 years) on a baseline condition and compared to EEG data produced when listening to positive self-statements, regarding self-esteem as a covariate. (3) Results: The study revealed relative left-frontal alpha asymmetry, indicating an approach-related motivational state, and right alpha asymmetry in parieto-temporal regions, indicating lower anxiety. This increased with higher self-esteem scores, with a more prominent moderation effect in experimental conditions. These results support and extend previous reports suggesting an adverse effect of positive self-statements for people with lower global self-esteem. (4) Conclusions: Positive self-statements may produce a differing physiological effect regarding an individual’s global self-esteem level, with an adverse effect for people with lower self-esteem scores. These data highlight the need to consider differentiation of psychological approaches between people with higher and lower self-esteem levels.
Semi-Automated 3D Volumetric Renal Measurements in Polycystic Kidney Disease Using b0-Images—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Roudenko Alexandra , Mahmood Soran , Du Linda , Gunio Drew , Barash Irina , Doo Florence , Slutzky Alon , Kukar Nina , Friedman Barak , Kagen Alexander
Published: October 2021

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) eventually leads to end stage renal disease (ESRD) with an increase in size and number of cysts over time. Progression to ESRD has previously been shown to correlate with total kidney volume (TKV). An accurate and relatively simple method to perform measurement of TKV has been difficult to develop. We propose a semi-automated approach of calculating TKV inclusive of all cysts in ADPKD patients based on b0 images relatively quickly without requiring any calculations or additional MRI time. Our purpose is to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of our method by raters of various training levels within the environment of an advanced 3D viewer. Thirty patients were retrospectively identified who had DWI performed as part of 1.5T MRI renal examination. Right and left TKVs were calculated by five radiologists of various training levels. Interrater reliability (IRR) was estimated by computing the intraclass correlation (ICC) for all raters. ICC values calculated for TKV measurements between the five raters were 0.989 (95% CI = (0.981, 0.994), p < 0.01) for the right and 0.961 (95% CI = (0.936, 0.979), p < 0.01) for the left. Our method shows excellent intraclass correlation between raters, allowing for excellent interrater reliability.
Influence of Dietary Compounds on Arsenic Metabolism and Toxicity. Part II—Human Studies
Authors: Sijko Monika , Kozłowska Lucyna
Published: October 2021

Exposure to various forms of arsenic (As), the source of which may be environmental as well as occupational exposure, is associated with many adverse health effects. Therefore, methods to reduce the adverse effects of As on the human body are being sought. Research in this area focuses, among other topics, on the dietary compounds that are involved in the metabolism of this element. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the influence of methionine, betaine, choline, folic acid, vitamin B2, B6, B12 and zinc on the efficiency of inorganic As (iAs) metabolism and the reduction in the severity of the whole spectrum of disorders related to As exposure. In this review, which included 62 original papers (human studies) we present the current knowledge in the area. In human studies, these compounds (methionine, choline, folic acid, vitamin B2, B6, B12 and zinc) may increase iAs metabolism and reduce toxicity, whereas their deficiency may impair iAs metabolism and increase As toxicity. Taking into account the results of studies conducted in populations exposed to As, it is reasonable to carry out prophylactic activities. In particular nutritional education seems to be important and should be focused on informing people that an adequate intake of those dietary compounds potentially has a modulating effect on iAs metabolism, thus, reducing its adverse effects on the body.
Extending the Applicability of the Meyer–Peter and Müller Bed Load Transport Formula
Authors: Sidiropoulos Epaminondas , Vantas Konstantinos , Hrissanthou Vlassios , Papalaskaris Thomas
Published: October 2021

The present paper deals with the applicability of the Meyer–Peter and Müller (MPM) bed load transport formula. The performance of the formula is examined on data collected in a particular location of Nestos River in Thrace, Greece, in comparison to a proposed Εnhanced MPM (EMPM) formula and to two typical machine learning methods, namely Random Forests (RF) and Gaussian Processes Regression (GPR). The EMPM contains new adjustment parameters allowing calibration. The EMPM clearly outperforms MPM and, also, it turns out to be quite competitive in comparison to the machine learning schemes. Calibrations are repeated with suitably smoothed measurement data and, in this case, EMPM outperforms MPM, RF and GPR. Data smoothing for the present problem is discussed in view of a special nearest neighbor smoothing process, which is introduced in combination with nonlinear regression.
Atmosphere pressure and COVID-19
Authors: Krivosheev Vladimir Vasilievich , Stolyarov Artem Igorevich
Published: October 2021

As of 26 January 2021 146 836 524 coronavirus cases and 3 106 435 coronavirus deaths were officially recorded in 193 countries around the world. In this regard, obtaining new scientific knowledge about the patterns of climate influence on the results of the pandemic is extremely important. The developed original method allows determining the periods when climatic factors have had the greatest impact on human morbidity and mortality and calculating how much a particular parameter of the atmosphere has influenced the infection process and course of illness. The authors have used the methods of pair and multiple correlation to determine the nature and dependence of the morbidity and mortality levels on atmosphere pressure. The authors have carried out a correlation analysis of the dependence between atmosphere pressure and morbidity patterns due to COVID-19 in the Murmansk and Novgorod regions, Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Denmark, Belgium and Ireland. It has been proved that in two weeks period preceding the date of detection of morbidity there are necessarily two points in time at which atmosphere pressure has had the greatest impact on the results of morbidity. The authors have associated these extremes with the moment of infection and appearance of symptoms of morbidity. That allows making assumptions about the duration of the incubation period in different atmosphere conditions. For the first time based on statistical calculations it has been proved that the levels of morbidity and mortality may be related to the meteorological conditions that have been observed for 5–9 weeks before the facts of morbidity. The conducted research have allowed obtaining new scientific knowledge of influence of atmosphere pressure on the morbidity patterns of COVID-19. This creates the conditions for timely scientific forecasting of level of pandemic danger and action planning of an appropriate scale to be have made by the Executive authorities at all level to prevent mass infection of the population and reduce its negative consequences.
Development of the public health promotion system in the implementation of the functions of the federal state sanitary and epidemiological supervision
Authors: Voronkova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the current aspects and issues of regulation of the activities of the bodies that carry out the federal state sanitary and epidemiological supervision and their possibilities in the development of the system of strengthening public health in the Russian Federation in the implementation of various directions of the national project «Demography». In accordance with the passport of the specified project, within the framework of the goals of the federal projects included in it, «Promoting the employment of women — creating conditions for preschool education for children under three years of age», «Older generation», «Strengthening public health», «Sport — norm of life», key measures to fulfill the state function in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and protection of consumer rights. In order to solve the set tasks, a review and analysis of regulatory legal acts on the implementation of state policy in the field of people’s conservation was carried out, as well as the powers of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare to protect the constitutional rights of citizens to health in the performance of their functions were studied. As a result of the study, the main directions in the activities of Rospotrebnadzor on participation in solving issues of federal projects included in the national project «Demography» in accordance with the powers and professional competencies of specialists were identified; As the most important way of informing about health risk factors, it is recommended to expand the list of contingents for professional hygienic training as one of the directions of hygienic education.
Social well-being of Russians: results of 2020. Sociological snapshot
Authors: Kostina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: October 2021

It is demonstrated that the pandemic had a significant impact on all spheres of society - the economy, education, financial situation of families, and the psychological state of people. The article examines how the state's assistance to low-income groups of citizens during the pandemic influenced the social well-being of the society. Based on the sociological data of the research in 2020, the author traces how people's opinions change regarding the main issues of social life during the pandemic and shows what milestones citizens choose for themselves in terms of directions of social development. The article traces the dynamics of Russians' perception of the vectors of social dynamics associated with socialism and capitalism. It is shown that the polls record a more balanced and positive attitude on the part of Russians to the socially oriented political relations inherent in socialism and a more critical attitude to capitalism. At the same time, neither socialism nor capitalism is selected as a system towards which Russians would like the society to aspire. However, the studies have recorded an important trend associated with the growing loyalty of Russians towards the state, which provided significant assistance in 2020 to a number of the least protected groups of citizens in connection with the pandemic. The materials of the article can be used in the "Sociology" course of training, as well as in areas related to sociology, political science, social philosophy, and public relations.
Problems of teaching acting: basics, meanings, technologies
Authors: Katin Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: October 2021

The author shows that the need to bring up the topic related to the issues of teaching acting is due to the fact that in recent years, more and more problematic situations have begun to arise in this area. The article discusses the issues related to the very understanding of "acting" and what is required to teach this discipline today. The author reflects on how and where problems can arise in teaching such an interesting and unusual subject and shows that the unique experience of teaching creative disciplines in specialized educational institutions, which has developed in our country, is in demand today as never before. At the same time, the author demonstrates that a modern student - a future actor - does not have the background that was natural for applicants two decades ago. Modern culture has given young people new qualities, i.e. mobility, awareness, involvement in world events, but has leveled such features necessary for the profession of an actor as being well-read, a broad cultural outlook, and a formed worldview. In the article, the author raises these questions, offers his own vision of their solution, and considers the conditions aimed at fostering high spiritual and moral qualities of students and allowing to train talented and highly professional specialists in the field of dramatic art.
Laboratory research of physical factors of the working environment in the framework of production control at workplaces
Authors: Senchenko V.A. , Kaverzneva T. T.
Published: October 2021

In 2021, the regulatory guillotine changed certain legislative acts that are aimed at implementing industrial control. From this year onwards, when carrying out earlier production control. This innovation will reduce laboratory research costs. The article presents the fundamental points of production control, tells about the complex and costly part of production control – laboratory research and testing. An analysis of the changes that need to be taken into account in 2021 is being carried out.
A QoS-Based Medium Access Control Protocol for WBANs and Its Performance Evaluation
Authors: Sevin Abdullah , Bayilmis Cuneyt
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are used in many fields. WBANs are described as small sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly and provide services to the personal area. Quality of Service (QoS) is an essential issue for WBANs due to the importance of human life. QoS problems can only be solved with a robust Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol in WBANs. To find a solution to this problem, developers performed many MAC protocols for WBANs. ISO/IEEE 11073 health informatics defines the standard of personal health information and purposes to provide interoperability between medical technologies. This paper presents a MAC protocol that provides ISO/IEEE 11073 communication standards with QoS support, bases on cross-layer architecture. We designed a slot assignment scheme, prioritization mechanism, admission control mechanism to provide QoS. The performance evaluation of the proposed MAC protocol is compared with IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 protocols by considering end-to-end delay, packet loss ratio, and throughput parameters, and it has achieved out performance. It is observed that the proposed protocol doesn't exceed 45 ms delay, reached 81% traffic load, and a maximum error rate of 0.162%.
Policías y criminales en el semidocumental argentino
Authors: Lanza Pablo
Published: October 2021

Un género de breve productividad de la industria cinematográfica argentina fue el policial semidocumental realizado durante los años del primer gobierno peronista. En él, se narraban historias que ensalzaban el accionar de la policía apelando a casos verídicos, la filmación en locaciones reales y el uso de la voz over. En este artículo nos proponemos examinar las formas en las que este subgénero se desarrolló en la Argentina y analizar el sistema de personajes masculinos, el cual puede dividirse en dos conjuntos: delincuentes y oficiales de la ley.
Climate change and its effects on farm workers
Authors: Amini Mastaneh , Ibrahimi Ghavamabadi Leila , Rangkooy Hossinali , Fouladi Dehaghi Behzad
Published: October 2021

Background: One of the biggest global occupational threats, especially in the outdoor workplace, is climate change and global warming, as workers are exposed to the heat stress leading to reduced performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of workplace climate on labor productivity index in the agricultural sector. Methods: In this study, data related to environmental variables of 215 synoptic meteorological stations in Khuzestan province were collected from three climatic regions (hot, mild, and cold). Using MATLAB R 2018b mathematical software based on ASHRAE/ISO7730 standard values by designing some scenarios, predicted mean vote (PMV) index, and then, labor productivity index (P) were estimated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Results: The results showed that in the hot regions, there is a significant inverse relationship between P index and the main environmental variables (ta, tr, pa). In the cold regions, increasing the amount of ta and tr in light and medium workload improved the P index, but for heavy workload, it reduced productivity, and the most effective factor was increasing air vapor pressure. In the mild regions, the most effective factor in productivity was air vapor pressure. In addition, the results of Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed that PMV index has a direct and significant relationship with P index. Conclusion: Regarding the increasing trend of climate change and its effect on the desired thermal comfort and productivity, well structure and planning is needed to manage farm workers health.
MODELING THE CLASSIFICATION FEATURES OF FOREST RAKE
Authors: Ternovskaya Ol'ga , Platonov Aleksey
Published: October 2021

Work on the collection and raking of chopped residues in the territories of linear infrastructure facilities is often carried out by specialized equipment in-stalled on tractors or multifunctional machines and called «Forest rakes», moreover, the specified equipment can be classified according to a number of characteristics. Taking into account the significant influence of the subjective component identified by the author, which has an impact on the direct assignment of classified forest rakes to one or another element of the corresponding classification series, the purpose of the study was to develop a mathematical model for the classification of technical means for collecting and raking up chopped residues. The author substantiated the initial boundary conditions and presented a mathematical model for the formation of a visualized volume of distribution of the main design parameters of a forest rake, the values of the criterion of the density of the distribution of teeth of the means of mechanization of removal of cut residues, as well as the criterion of the specific width of these technical means, examples of the classification distribution of forest rake models according to the specified criteria are given, the assumptions and explanations for the considered mathematical model are stated, which makes it possible to carry out an objective classification of the means of mechanization of collection and raking of chopped residues, formulated conclusions based on the results of the study conducted by the authors
CARAGANA ARBORESCENS LAM. AS A SHRUB SPECIES FOR BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION OF POST-TECHNOGENIC AREAS
Authors: Treschevskaya Ella , Tikhonova Elena , Golyadkina Inna , Treschevskaya Svetlana , Knyazev Vladislav
Published: October 2021

Minerals are considered one of the components of the economy of any country. The negative side of technogenesis is the emergence of technogenic landscapes with developed exogenous processes. To prevent and eliminate them, biological reclamation is carried out, the most promising direction of which is forest reclamation. In forest reclamation, preference is given to soil-improving tree and shrub species. The research was carried out in the stands of the Caragana arborescens (Caragana arborescens Lam.) on the dumps of the Kursk magnetic anomaly in the Belgorod region of the Central Federal District of Russia. The work on the test areas was carried out according to generally accepted methods. On the sandy-chalk dump of loose overburden, the karagany cultures completely died by the age of 38. On a two-component technozem, with surface application of a fertile layer on a sand-chalk mixture, karagana showed positive results. The maximum safety (84.2-82.0%) is typical for the first four years of karagana's life. It does not depend much on environmental conditions. The growth of shoots in karagana begins only in the second decade of May. Shoots grow most actively in the third decade of May - 43.8%. The average biomass of one karagana bush at the age of 6 years is 503 g. At the same time, the average mass of one specimen of Robinia pseudoacacia is 2264 g. The total supply of phytomass in the 9-year-old karagana plantation is 69.5 c/ha, which is 2.6 times less than in the robinia pseudoacacia plantation. The reclamation role of caragana leaves is insignificant. The tree-like karagana is rich in mineral elements, which is reflected in their accumulation in substrates. The reserves of nitrogen – 4.06% and calcium – 1.46% are especially large in Karagan. The dump is located in the mining production zone, so the iron content in the assimilating organs of karagany exceeds 4 times the content on zonal soils, and titanium - 1.8 times. A significant part of the chemical elements falls on the green parts of plants. Caragana leaves are supplied with: nitrogen - 26.64 kg /ha, potassium - 1.78 kg/ ha, calcium - 17.52 kg/ ha and magnesium - 4.56 kg/ha. More than half of the chemical elements of root systems accumulate in small roots. When they die off, they enter directly into the substrate. The tree-like karagana can be recommended for forest reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands when mixed with more valuable tree and shrub species
Visualizing the terror threat
Authors: Lonsdale Maria dos Santos , Lonsdale David J , Baxter Matthew , Graham Ryan , Kanafani Aya , Li Anqi , Peng Chunxinzi
Published: October 2021

Terrorism represents one of the most pressing contemporary security threats. As a consequence, governments provide information to the public on threat levels and on how to respond to terror incidents. To effectively reassure the public, and to increase their vigilance, it is essential that the information communicated is accessible, clear, actionable and engaging. This is the first empirical study in the world to explore the impact of information design principles and visualization of information on the communication of security information related to terrorism. Two different but complementary strands were devised: Strand 1 - compared whether more visualized information was more effective than text dense information at communicating to the public; Strand 2 - compared whether a motion graphics was more effective than an infographic at communicating to the public. An initial usability test was conducted to identify existing problems and needs. Several other usability tests and iterations were then conducted to develop new design solutions. Empirical testing was then conducted for final evaluation and validation, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Results show significant differences between pre- and post-knowledge of the Terror Threat Levels. Results also show significant differences between text dense information and more visualized information. Results further show no significant difference between communicating information via an infographic or motion graphics in situations where information needs to be assimilated as a crescendo (i.e. levels of severity) or as a series of steps to be followed (action in an emergency). This study provides important guidelines on how to effectively communicate security information to the public, with practical implications for security agencies.
E-Inclusion: Defining Basic Image Properties for Illustrated Stimuli in Aphasia Treatment
Authors: Reymond Claire , Müller Christine , Grumbinaite Indre
Published: October 2021

Word production is stimulated by images in treatment processes for people with aphasia (Heuer & Hallowell, 2007). Although stimulation through pictorial stimuli has a long tradition in aphasia therapy, there is a lack in research on which image stimuli are the most suitable for this purpose (Brown & Thiessen, 2018). Current research assumes that stimulation via photographic images evokes better and more direct retrieve of searched words, than stimulation by illustrations (Heuer, 2016). However, the illustrations investigated so far mostly comprise black and white line drawings and there are hardly any studies investigating possible effects of different image parameters as style, image cropping or perspective in relation to clear naming. We developed a visual concept of illustrated images enabling clear determinability of activities and objects. The 128 designed stimuli that meet linguistic research criteria were named by 62 students regarding "name agreement" and evaluated on a 5-point scale with respect to "visual complexity" and "image agreement". The illustrated images will be examined in a following study regarding the correctness of the naming by persons with aphasia and be compared with corresponding photographic stimuli. The analysis presented here is part of the study E-Inclusion, an interdisciplinary project that includes researchers in life science technology, linguistics and speech therapy as well as image research from the University of Applied Sciences and Art Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW).
Régimen impositivo para microempresas y su incidencia en el cálculo del impuesto a la renta: caso DISPROALCEX S.A.
Authors: Ñacata Suntaxi Henry Marcelo , Monge Miño Juan Fernando
Published: October 2021

El presente estudio tiene como finalidad dar a conocer el impacto que causa el nuevo régimen impositivo para microempresas y describir las ventajas o desventajas que genera este instrumento de recaudación de impuestos, utilizado como medio para disminuir los niveles de informalidad y fomentar la cultura tributaria. La metodología utilizada fue de carácter descriptivo, el tipo de investigación fue teórico – documental bibliográfico y el enfoque cualitativo, que analizó fuentes primarias como sitios web, tesis, portales de revistas, portales de sitios gubernamentales, portales de noticias, libros, adicional al análisis crítico de los autores sobre el caso principal de la empresa DISPROALCEX S.A. El resultado principal evidencia que el impuesto a la renta por pagar bajo el régimen general fue de USD 6.274,84, en tanto que el impuesto a la renta bajo régimen de microempresas determinó USD 15.922,18, observando un incremento significativo de USD 9.647,34, al no poder deducir los costos y gastos del periodo 2020. Las reformas establecidas por el Servicios de Rentas Internas condicionan el proceso productivo en algunas microempresas del sector, disminuyendo su liquides económica y financiera.
Human Health Effects of Microplastics in Drinking Water: A Review
Authors: Ganichev PA
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Polymer products have become inexpensive, convenient and widely used in all spheres of everyday life recently. Microplastics are found in seawater, wastewater, fresh water, foodstuffs, and air. Over the past few years, the presence of microplastics in treated tap and bottled water has been reported, raising questions and concerns about their potential human health effects.
Objective: To summarize and systematize the results of studying health effects of exposure to microplastics in potable water.
Materials and methods: A literature review was done based on ten topical articles and reviews published in 2014–2021 out of 64 sources found in the PubMed and Scopus international databases and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).
Results and conclusions: Generalization and systematization of the published research data demonstrated the lack of strong evidence to draw conclusions about human health effects of microplastics. Information on toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of ingested microplastic particles is absent just like the studies of the most common shapes and sizes of plastic particles and health risks from exposure to such particles in drinking water.
A CONDIÇÃO DE MOSSORÓ-RN COMO CIDADE DE PORTE MÉDIO EM SUA ÁREA DE INFLUÊNCIA
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo Emanoel de Sousa , Costa Ademir Araújo da , Benevides Héllen Jamilly , Sousa Erik Albino de
Published: October 2021

As cidades médias vêm apresentando importante desenvolvimento regional fora das regiões metropolitanas e agregando valor econômico e social na área que ocupa. Assim, essas cidades desempenham papel importante na rede urbana nacional e regional. Mossoró no Rio Grande do Norte compõe esse quadro de cidades que vem ganhando destaque considerável nos estudos sobre cidade média e sua condição urbano e regional. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a condição de Mossoró como cidade média no interior do estado e suas funções urbanas desempenhadas por ela no contexto urbano e regional. Para isso, foram realizadas leituras de artigos, dissertações e livros que auxiliaram na sua compreensão. Também foi feito o uso da pesquisa das Regiões de Influência das Cidades (REGIC) como forma de identificar a área de influência da cidade. Destarte, Mossoró consegue atrair um quantitativo importante de pessoas para o comércio (varejo e atacarejo) local, serviços de saúde, serviços bancários, turismo, trabalho e ensino superior.  Além de ser beneficiada com a dinâmica de capitais, sendo uma realidade construída durante anos, resultando na sua condição de cidade média nos dias atuais.
MENYOAL PERAN ALUMNI (Analisis Manajemen Pemberdayaan Alumni UIN KHAS Jember)
Authors: Rahman Kholilur
Published: October 2021

Tranformasi atau merubah bentuk Perguruan  Tinggi Keagamaan Islam (PTKI) dari Sekolah Tinggi ke  Institut atau dari Institut ke Universitas bukan merupakan pekerjaan yang mudah. Apalagi yang dirubah bentuknya adalah Perguruan  Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN). 8 (delapan) STAIN bersiap alih status menjadi IAIN, dan 9 (sembilan) IAIN menjadi UIN, termasuk di dalamnya IAIN Jember menjadi Universitas Islam Negeri KH. Achmad Shidiq (UIN Khas) Jember. Naskah  ini mengulas tentang peran alumni (Khususnya Alumni  S3 IAIN Jember) pada proses tranformasi status dari Insitut menjadi Universitas. Penelitian  ini dilakukan dengan tujuan : (1) untuk mengetahui  dan menganalisis bagaimana proses tranformasi IAIN Jember  menjadi UIN Khas Jember sebagai  wujud local wisdom (kearifan lokal), (2) untuk mengetahui  peran almuni UIN Khas Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan   diskriptif kualititatif, yaitu penelitian engan memahami fenomena secara holistik secara alamiah. Sumber penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yaitu penelitian yang berbasis kajian teoritis, referensi serta literatur ilmiah lainnyaHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Nilai local wisdom dalam proses tranformasi IAIN Jember  menjadi UIN Khas Jember, meliputi:  penghargaan sejarah, penegasan faham keagamaan, dan penegasan azas bagi UIN Khas Jember. (2) Peran almuni UIN Khas  Jember sebagai katalisator, kontributor, public opinion, dan mover networking bagi pengembangan dan kemajuan UIN Khas Jember.
The organizational transformation of Islamic universities and colleges is not an easy task. Moreover, the transformation is under the authority of the state, namely the National Islamic Religious College ("State Islamic Religious College/PTKIN). Eight State Islamic colleges (STAIN) are preparing to become State Islamic Institute (IAIN) and nine IAIN become State Islamic University (UIN), including IAIN Jember to become UIN KH. Achmad Shidiq (UIN KHAS) Jember. This manuscript discusses the role of graduates (especially S-3 graduates of IAIN Jember) in the organizational transformation process from the State Islamic Institute to the State Islamic University. This study aims to: (1) analyze how the process of transforming IAIN Jember into UIN KHAS Jember is included in local wisdom; and (2) to find out the progress of the graduates of UIN Khas Jember. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach that is to understand the phenomenon holistically naturally. This research method is library research, namely research based on theoretical studies, references, and other scientific literature. The results of this study are: (1) The value of local wisdom in the organizational transformation process of IAIN Jember into UIN KHAS Jember is historical appreciation, affirmation of religious ideology, and affirmation of principles for UIN KHAS Jember. (2) The graduates of UIN KHAS Jember act as catalysts, contributors, public opinion makers, and movers of networking for the development of UIN KHAS Jember.
Iconic and Symbolic Representation in Early Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Żądło-Treder Joanna
Published: October 2021

Mathematics is an abstract science, it uses a specific symbolic language, a kind of code that is difficult for children to comprehend. Using operation signs and numbers is not simple and obvious for them. The learning of mathematics by children cannot therefore be based on symbols alone. Action is needed first. However, since there is a large gap between an action and a symbol, it is necessary to support the teaching of mathematics with graphic means. Introducing a graphic element as a kind of methodological aid requires careful preparation, motivation and embedding it in previous physical activities performed by children. Otherwise, such an item, instead of facilitating the understanding of a concept, hinders that understanding and becomes an illusory aid. This paper describes the role and importance of pictorial representation in early mathematics teaching. Based on selected examples of tasks from textbooks, the difficulties of illustrating mathematical concepts are presented, and appropriate methodological solutions in this area are indicated.