bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem volume functions for Melaleuca cajuputi trees in Southwestern Region
Authors:   Forest Science and Technology Association of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Them V.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to construct standing stem and commercial timber volume functions at the individual tree level of Melaleuca cajuput plantations. The inside bark and outside bark stem volume functions were constructed from 56 sample trees at the diameter classes of 4 to 16 cm. The appropriate volume functions are tested from five candidate functions. The applicability of the volume functions were tested from 10 trees that were not included in the construction of the volume functions. The research results showed that the function V = a + b(D2 * H)c was a suitable function to build the inside bark stem volume function of Melaleuca cajuput. The function V = a + b(D2H) + c(DdHe) was a suitable function to build the outside bark stem and commercial timber volume functions of Melaleuca cajuput. The volume functions gave errors less than 5.0%. Compared with the inside bark stem volume, the average ratio for the outside bark stem volume, inside bark and outside bark commercial timber volume, and bark volume was 65.7%, 95.2%, 60.6% and 34.3%, respectively.
A field study on the evaluation of safety and effectiveness of the attenuated Infectious Bursal disease vaccine when applied to day-old chicks at the hatchery
Authors:   Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Quach Anh T. , Nguyen Oanh T. K. , Nguyen Ho M. , Nguyen Dong V.
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new attenuated Gumboro vaccine, MB-1 in Luong Phuong chickens. A total of 27,700 one-day-old Luong Phuong chicks were vaccinated with the MB-1 vaccine at a dose of 0.1 mL/bird at the hatchery. The results showed that the level of IBD maternal antibodies on the day of vaccination reaching an average titer of 4,857. The MB-1 vaccine virus was in the Bursa of Fabricius from 24 to 36 days old. The Bursa Lesion Score (BLS) was moderate; gradually increased from 0.67 to 3 points and decreased with signs of recovery to 2.33 points at 36 days of age. The Bursa Index at 21 days of age was 0.39% and decreased to 0.1% at 36 days of age. The humoral immune response to ND vaccination was high, reaching an average titer of 4,448 at 42 days of age. Especially, MB-1 induced a strong immune reaction leading to high IBD antibody titers and more uniformity, reaching an average titer of 3,632 with a low CV of 22%. In summary, the application of MB-1 vaccine at the hatchery would provide one-day-old chicks with early localization of the vaccine virus in the Bursa and rapid and uniform development of active IBD antibodies. The MB-1 vaccine did not affect the immune response of chicks to the ND vaccination and was safe for the Bursa when applied to commercial day-old broiler chicks at the hatchery.
Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. isolated from white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from Binh Dien Wholesale Market
Authors:   Faculty of Fisheries, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Truyen Hue N. D. , Nguyen Thinh H.
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted to determine the levels of antibiotic resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance of 150 Vibrio spp. isolates from white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from Binh Dien Wholesale Market in Ho Chi Minh City. Ten antibiotics were used to test the resistance of Vibrio ssp. isolates including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that the percentage of Vibrio spp. resistance to the above antibiotics was 92; 12; 0; 0; 3.3; 80; 3.3; 46.7; 3.3 and 18.0%, respectively. The percentage of multiple resistant isolates from two to five tested antibiotics was 88.7%. Especially, none of the isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value was 0.259 indicating that these isolates were exposed to high-risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used.
“When I land - if I ever land”: exploring if-clauses in Aeronautical English
Authors: Prado Malila , Porcellato Adriana Mendes
Published: November 2022

Conditional sentences are listed in the complex structure glossary of Doc 9835 (ICAO, 2010). Recent research has found that expressions with if are relevant in the plain aviation English used in R/T communications (PRADO, 2019) but has not examined these fully. Following Prado (2019, 2021a), the present study investigates if-clauses in a corpus of radio communications in abnormal situations (PRADO; TOSQUI-LUCKS, 2019), with a view to identifying the functions they perform in plain aviation English (BIESWANGER, 2016) and how they can inform aviation English teaching and assessment. A corpusbased analysis revealed that of the 310 occurrences of if in the corpus, 60% were employed in requests and orders, 22% in indirect questions, and only 18% expressed conditionality such as “When I touch down / if I ever touch down / do I just kill the throttle or what?” Then, for each of the three functions, we examined the structures in which the conjunction if was used and compared them with traditionally taught conditional structures so as to inform aviation English pedagogical materials and resources from a pragmatic perspective and in the light of real language use (ISHIHARA, 2022).
From the microphone to the classroom – ensuring that real-life communication is an integral part of teaching English to pilots and air traffic controllers
Authors: Bullock Neil
Published: November 2022

Communication between Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers is very dynamic, context specific, and technically referential. It is reliant on a variety of communicative skills and includes such skills as understanding of operational knowledge and cultural awareness as well as being mindful and accommodating the needs of the other person. This paper will highlight the need for teachers to carefully consider and identify student’s reallife communicative needs in context when teaching English to pilots and Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs). It will focus on adopting a more inclusive approach to understanding and using the broad range of communicative skills that both sets of students need for effective and efficient communication, including but not restricted to, a more traditional language pedagogy. Taking a lead from both theory and practice in this domain, the presentation will offer tips and guidance to help teachers by integrating real-life and scripted examples of communication in the classroom based on that used in reallife operational communication. It will show how practitioners can develop a much greater critical awareness of their students’ real-life professional communication, which will ultimately help in curriculum planning, material development and classroom practice and offer learning to students that matches their real-life needs.
Games, corpus and medals – challenging and innovating experiences in Aeronautical English hybrid learning
Authors: Tosqui-Lucks Patrícia , Santana Juliana de Castro , de Sá Patrícia Palhares Tupinambá
Published: November 2022

This chapter presents an innovative training program conceived in the hybrid mode (synchronous virtual interactions and asynchronous e-learning) - for the Aeronautical English Learning. We discuss the conception, elaboration and implementation processes of trainings designed for Brazilian air traffic controllers, based on the linguistic categories of the ICAO rating scale (Pronunciation, Structure, Vocabulary, Comprehension, Fluency and Interaction). The faceto-face or synchronous virtual part of the training was developed to offer a better understanding of the rating scale descriptors by clarifying the differences between operational and nonoperational proficiency levels. The elaboration of the game-like activities for the second part of the training was data-driven. The data were composed of frequent mistakes compiled in a corpus with oral productions of students who have attended other courses; as well as difficulties presented by candidates who have obtained proficiency levels 2 or 3 in the Aeronautical English Proficiency Exam (EPLIS); and linguistic problems collected by experienced teachers. The combined work of English Language Experts (ELE) along with Aeronautical Subject Matter Experts (SME) has played an important role in the development of both parts of this hybrid learning tool. The gamification of Aeronautical English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has shown to be an engaging and more appealing environment for proficiency level elevation.
Microlearning on the fly: Aviation English via Instagram
Authors: Guerreiro Natalia , Faria Stephanie , Diniz Thalita , Silva Thiago
Published: November 2022

In most of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic helped further the transition into online education modes. It was no different with CRCEA-SE, the Brazilian Air Force organization responsible for approach and tower controls roughly in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Not only were we unable to proceed with face-to-face training, but we also had the unprecedented condition of more free time among our air traffic controllers in what is usually the busiest airspace in South America. Along with commander support, those favorable winds propelled our team to increase Aeronautical English microlearning opportunities online, especially on our Instagram profile @an.eye.on.you. In this article, we briefly go over the history of this initiative and, more importantly, the lessons learned from the experience of making Instagram posts and managing continuous online learning of Aeronautical English.
Test preparation issues in the aeronautical context in Brazil
Authors: e Silva Ana Lígia Barbosa de Carvalho , Raymundo Natalia de Andrade
Published: November 2022

For safety reasons, language training for pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCOs) should go beyond test preparation and provide the practice that is necessary in aeronautical communications. In other words, the aim of aeronautical English training should rather be safety than merely passing a test. However, considering the high stakes involved, test preparation is constantly sought by test takers. Scholars have argued that test preparation has the potential to be positive if it leads to meaningful test scores and is learning-oriented (PLAKANS; GEBRIL, 2015). Based on this premise, this presentation aims at discussing the potential positive and negative aspects of aeronautical English test preparation for ATCOs and civil pilots, both on teachers and students, in the Brazilian scenario.
Creating a rubric for placement tests for Aviation English programs
Authors: Cox Ashleigh , Karimi Mehrnoush
Published: November 2022

– Ever since the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) decision to require English proficiency for pilots to fly internationally, a key question that researchers have been investigating is how to assess Aviation English proficiency (MODER & HALLECK, 2012). Although there is a growing body of Aviation English assessment literature, there is a need for assessment tools that are designed specifically to be placement tests for programs training English learners who are not yet at operational level 4 (FRIGINAL et al., 2020). To work towards addressing this need, a speaking placement test rubric was developed using qualitative case study data. Recordings of 4 aviation students learning English as a second language were analyzed. In the recordings, the students were answering questions and completing a task to demonstrate their ability to carry out pilot-ATC dialogues. Their mistakes and miscommunication repairs were observed and analyzed in light of communicative ability, aviation safety, and the ICAO proficiency descriptors. Based on these observations, a rubric was created as a tool for placing aviation students into different levels of ESL classes that are all below operational level 4. Exploratory findings, implications for pedagogy and assessment, and future directions will be discussed.
The listening construct: theories and implications to the assessment of pilots and ATCOs
Authors: Garcia Angela
Published: November 2022

– Listening is complex. Assessing an invisible cognitive operation such as listening is challenging, especially in a highstake testing context. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the main theories that have informed the definition of the listening construct in language testing (e.g., BUCK, 2001; FIELD, 2019) as well as to discuss some implications for the testing of pilots’ listening comprehension, as required by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) policy. The main characteristics of the listening construct on a theoretical level are presented, followed by a discussion on issues related to its operationalization. It gives insights into what listening tests should be testing. Some features of the language used by pilots and ATCOs that may help their communication to be more effective are discussed, as well as those that may contribute to communication challenges. This discussion might be useful for listening test developers, especially those who are involved with the development of aeronautical English listening tests.
Impact of Short First Medical Contact to Device Time on Final TIMI Blush Grade in Primary PCI
Authors: Ullah Nasr , Solangi Aftab Ahmed , Ullah Zahir , Jamil Amir , Ali Khurshid , Abid Imran
Published: November 2022

Background: Greater first medical contact to device time has been observed to adversely effects the outcome of primary PCI. European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends a maximum of 90 min delay in FMC to device time. However, the effect of the FMC to the device time on the myocardial reperfusion (TIMI blush grade) is not assessed yet. Objective: To investigate the effect of the FMC to the device time on the TIMI blush grade of the STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI. Methodology: It was a prospective study consisting of 445 STEMI patients of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, fulfilling the entry criteria in this study in the time period from January 2020 up to January 2022. The patients were divided into two study groups: those with FMC-D interval of < 90 min or short group and those with FMC-D interval of ≥ 90 min or the long group. TIMI blush grade was taken as the primary clinical endpoint whereas MACE at the 30 day follow up were taken as the secondary endpoints. Comparison of the clinical and peri-procedural outcomes was done among the two groups by SPSS. Results: The mean FMC-D time was 77.3 ± 32.1 minutes in short FMC-D time group and 117.1 ± 12.5 minutes in long FMC-D time group (p < 0.01). At the duration of 30 days, individuals in the long group showed significantly higher rates of MACE (14.2% vs 3.9%, p = 0.0002). Higher cardiac death rate was the driving force behind the noted difference (7.1% vs 1.2%, p = 0.002). Conclusion: First medical contact to device time does not significantly impact the final TIMI blush grade in patients underwent PCI. Patients in whom the delay of treatment is < 90 minutes have significantly lower rates of MACE at the 30 days duration. Keywords: First medical contact, TIMI blush grade, PCI, STEMI, FMC-D time.
Short- and Long-Term Cause of Death in Patients Treated with Primary PCI for STEMI
Authors: Ahmed Tarique , Saghir Tahir , .  . Shahzad , Ali Nasir , Memon Faraz Farooq , Shaikh Abdul Hakeem
Published: November 2022

Background: While the long-term cause of death in patients with STEMI is still undetermined, short-term mortality in patients experiencing PCI has been well-researched. Aims and Objectives: This study set out to investigate the connection among the time and cause of mortality rates in patients with STEMI who were receiving Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Materials and Methods: In 934 continuous patients with STEMI (age 60 ± 12 years, 72 per cent males) cured with primary PCI, the time and fatality were tracked using a centralized civil registration process, client files, and death cause and public disease registries with proper record linkage. Results: An average of 8 months was followed up with patients. 101 people passed away out of a total of 934 patients. Anoxic brain injury and cardiogenic shock following cardiac arrest were the two primary causes of death in the 1st1 30 days. The death rate was independently predicted by culprit vessel size, age, and flow, the prevalence of heart problems and Mellitus, and age. The yearly cardiac death rate is a little less than 1.5 per cent after thirty days. In 65 per cent of instances, non-cardiac mortality causes occurred after 30 days (mainly pulmonary diseases and malignancies). The death rates for all causes (including cardiac) at 30 days, 6 months, and over were 7.8 per cent (7.2 per cent), 11.2 (8.1 per cent), and 23.2 (13.7 per cent), accordingly. Conclusions: Patients with a good prognosis who survive the first month following a STEMI cured with PPCI have a less than 1.5 per cent monthly risk of subsequent cardiac mortality. Most of these individuals' later deaths occur from reasons other than cardiac ones. Keywords: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Cause of Mortality, Acute MI, Follow-up Study
Frequency of Ureteral Stent Encrustations in a Urology Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad , Usman Hafiz Muhammad , Khan Lodhi Muhammad Hamza , Zafar Zeeshan , Ullah Muhammad Saad , Khan Muhammad Umar , Khan MM
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of encrustations of ureteral stents in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Patients and Methods: In this study we included 150 patients of Urology Unit of Ibn e Sina Hospital and Research Institute Multan, Pakistan in whom ureteral stents implantation was done. The study duration was April-2020 to July-2020. Patients with ureteral stents having renal stone, ureteric stone, ureteral stricture, pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO), trauma or malignant disease as primary pathology and duration of implantation >2 weeks to <2 years were included. Results: Mean age of patients included in this study was 46.46±12.26 years. Mean duration of stent placement was 11.96±6.01 weeks. There were 97 (64.7%) male and 53 (35.3%) female patients. There were 72 (48%) patients with renal stone disease, 32 (21.33%) patients with ureteric stone, 11 (7.33%) patients with pyeloplasty, 22 (14.67%) patients with partial nephrectomy and 13 (8.67%) patients with obstruction sec. to malignancy were included in this study. Stent encrustation was diagnosed 52 (34.67%) patients. Conclusion: After implantation, ureteral stent encrustation is still a cause for concern for urologists. Because its encrustation management may involve additional urologic procedures. In present study, stent encrustation was found in 62 (32.29%) patients. Keywords: Double-J stents, stent encrustation.
Stone Clearance Rate in Patients Treated with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy versus Open Surgery for the Management of Staghorn Renal Calculi
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad , Ullah Muhammad Saad , Khan Lodhi Muhammad Hamza , Aslam Nadim , Zafar Zeeshan , Raza Qazi Hussain , Khan Mm
Published: November 2022

Objective: To compare the stone clearance rate in patients treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) versus open surgery for the management of staghorn renal calculi. Materials and Methods: In this comparative study, a total number of 200 patients who presented in urology department of Ibn e Sina Hospital and Research Institute Multan with the diagnosis of staghorn stones were included. The study duration was October-2021 to January-2022. Group I: Patients underwent PCNL and Group II patients underwent open surgery for removal of stones. Stone clearance was two weeks of primary procedure. Results: Mean age was 45.53±10. 37 years in PCNL group versus 44.36±10.80 years in open surgery group (p-value 0.44). There were 64% male patients in PCNL group and 62% male patients in open surgery group (p-value 0.77). There were 19% patients who had bilateral stone in PCNL group and 23% in open surgery group (p-value 0.48). Complete staghorn stones were diagnosed in 70% patients in PCNL and in 73% patients in open surgery group (p-value 0.64).Stone clearance rate was 76% patients in PCNL group and 62% patients in open surgery group (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: In patients who have staghorn stones, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is preferable to open surgery in terms of the rate of stone clearance. Keywords: Open surgery, Staghorn stones, percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
A Descriptive Study on the Prevalence and Risk Factors of two Killing Diseases: Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV)
Authors: Asif Namrah , Arif Nimra , Habib Syeda Maria , Taimur Zarmina , Hussain Amir
Published: November 2022

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV) are the two most frequent diseases all over the world, and also the main cause of mortality around the world. In Pakistan HBV and HCV, the Patient population is too high, especially in rural areas. Objective: This study aimed to examine the risk factors that cause HBV and HCV and their prevalence, also sex and gender evaluation. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Services Hospital Lahore, from February 2021 to January 2022. In this study, we included 1050 patients with chronic liver failure to examine the frequency and risk factors of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses. Results: In this study, we examined 1050 patients with liver diseases, out of 1050 We found 135 patients had both Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV), 55 (5.23%) patients were found +Hepatitis C, and 80 (7.62%) patients were found +HBV. The mean age calculated was 36.05 years. Of 135 patients of HBV and HCV, men were 45 (33.33%) and 68 (50.37%) were women while 22 patients were aged <18 years. We observed most frequently Hepatitis B and C in the patients between the ages of 20 to 35 years (45 (56.25%) patients of +HCV and 33(60%) patients of HBV viruses respectively). We found the most prevalent in women (HBV infection women 44(55%) and 24(50.9%) women had HCV). In this study, we also included the detailed history of patients such as age, sex, socio-economic status, literacy, poverty, use of pipe-lined water or pumped water, smoking history, use of drugs with used injection, blood donation history, and organ transplantation history. Practical implication: Women and adults needs vaccination for HBV and HCV because they affected more. Conclusion: In this study, we found the frequency of these two killing infections HBV and HCV is too high compared to the other developed countries. Mostly women and adults were affected by these viruses. Keywords: Hepatitis B, Frequency, Virus, Diseases, Infections.
Causes of Exodontia in adult dentition and its association with Age in Tertiary Dental Practice
Authors: Yousaf Lubna , Fatima Meral , Shahzad Muhammad Asif , Paracha Ghulam Muhammad , Kali Beena
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To identify the causes of exodontia in adult dentition and its association with Age in Tertiary dental practice. Study design: Descriptive study Place and duration of study: Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of Azra Naheed Dental College, a tertiary care dental setup in Raiwind, Lahore from Jan 2021 to June 2021. Methodology: Different engines like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline as well as other Oral Surgery journals were searched for relevant articles. This Study comprised of 400 patients selected by random sampling. The consent is taken from the patients before collecting their data. Only permanent teeth extracted for different causes are included in the study. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Among the 400 patient cases evaluated for exodontia, the chief cause for tooth extraction was because of grossly carious tooth 230 (57.50%), followed by Periodontal reasons 71 (17.75%). This study included patients whose age group range is from 11-69 years, with 62% males and 38% females. A notable difference was observed between cause of tooth extraction and different age groups. Conclusion: Emphasis on dental education can prevent the tooth loss. Common oral diseases such as dental caries at their various stages of progression and periodontal diseases should be highlighted by the oral health promotion campaigns. In addition, consistent dental check-ups at schools, colleges and workplaces should be made compulsory. In addition, the community field trips should be organized. By doing so an increase in oral health awareness may also intimidate patient’s perspective waiting until acute symptoms develop. As a follow-up to this study, it is recommended that a more representative sample of the general population be evaluated. Keywords: Exodontia, Non-Restorable, Caries
Frequency of Abdominal Wound Dehiscence /Burst Abdomen in Patients of Laparotomy
Authors: Israr Sana , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Farid Anila , Qaiser Nadia , Akhtar Kalsoom , Jalal Aisha
Published: November 2022

Background: Wound dehiscence is a surgical problem in which a wound crack along a surgical incision. It is sometimes called wound disruption, wound breakdown or wound separation. Objective: To find out the frequency of abdominal wound dehiscence in patients with laparotomy. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Material and methods: 385 patients having age of 12-70 yrs with sign of laparotomy have participated such that blunt abdominal trauma, fire arm injury and peritonitis. Patients had been admitted in the surgical unit. After comprehensive history, complete physical and systematic examination have been done. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 10.0.For indication of laparotomy and wound dehiscence, frequency and percentage were presented. Result: 263 male (68.31%) and 122 female (31.69) participated in study. Mean age was 35.72 ±12.732. About 4.42% (n=17) patients had abdominal wound dehiscence. In 12-30 years age group, 4/152 patients had abdominal wound dehiscence. Among the age group 31-50 years,7/177 patients and in age 51-70 years,6/56 patients had wound dehiscence. Conclusion: In laparotomy patients, abdominal wound dehiscence is prominent obstacle that can be noticed pre operatively and genuine measurements should be taken to lessen its frequency. Keywords: Wound dehiscence, laparotomy, peritonitis
Dinamismo Social e Produtivo: Análise em torno do Porto de Camará e Caracará – Amazônia Brasileira
Authors: Pena Heriberto Wagner Amanajás , Bahia Pablo Queiroz , Silva Neydson Maccarty Silva da , Neto Luiz Lourenço de Souza , Souza Marcelo José Raiol
Published: November 2022

A estrutura produtiva na microrregião do Arari no Marajó-Pa apresenta elevado potencial de integração fluvial, com certa integração de modais, os municípios apresentam determinado grau de dinamismo econômico em torno dos principais portos da região. Nesse sentido, avaliar como a expansão de linhas fluviais podem atender as novas estruturas produtivas em curso na Região ajudaria na elaboração de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, este artigo em termos gerias analisou os determinantes das atividades produtivas, assim como a sua classificação dentro de uma perspectiva de dinâmica para o Marajó. A metodologia da estrutura produtiva avaliou a concentração do emprego formal, número de estabelecimento nas unidades econômicas municipais em torno dos Portos. Foram atestados aspectos que reforçam que a análise do dinamismo de inúmeros setores dinâmicos e em expansão. A classificação das atividades produtivas permitiu caracterizar a região e que a expansão de linhas fluviais integrando os modais é uma alternativa viável para atender as novas demandas da Região do Marajó.
Heavy crude oil mesoscopic modeling to predict interfacial tension
Authors: Silva Carolina
Published: November 2022

Heavy crude oils represent a significant percentage of oil reserve available in the world, part of which are located in Venezuela. Nevertheless, they have a high level of complexity due to the asphaltenes, heavy metals, and heteroa-toms presence which converts these crudes into highly viscous fluids. These properties make difficult its theoretical and experimental study. Despite the computational power today, it is not feasible to represent and study these sys-tems, expressing their principal constituents at the atomistic level. Considering this fact, the study of a heavy crude from Venezuela was carried out, at a mesoscopic scale, based on theoretical and experimental data, modeled by ap-plying Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD), and the coarse-graining technique. DPD beads correspond to the heavy crude oil main fractions, for which a super- grain of each fraction was made, implying a new approach in a heavy crude oil system representation. The models' validation was done by studying the behavior of the systems at the interface, evaluating the interfacial tension evolution, density profiles, and images obtained from the dynamic performed, according to the variations of the concentrations of the heavy crude oil, their fractions, and solvents used. The results successfully reproduced the behavior and trends reported for these systems, under similar condi-tions, and support the validity and advantage of the approach of the present study, as an alternative for the analysis, prediction and understanding of the behavior in the interface of this type of systems.
Parque inundable propuesta geosostenible para mitigar el riesgo de desastres en áreas urbanas: estudio de caso
Authors: Guerrero Omar , Toro Rosibeth , Camargo María
Published: November 2022

El municipio Maneiro del Estado Nueva Esparta - Venezuela, corresponde con un territorio insular localiza-do en el Caribe venezolano, en este municipio se han registrado a lo largo de los últimos años recurrente inundaciones, que afectan directamente a la población, con pérdidas humanas y materiales. Para enfrentar esta problemática, se plantea una propuesta hidráulica sostenible, que busca mitigar las consecuencias que se generan debido a crecidas, a través del diseño y aplicación de técnicas innovadoras, conocidas como Sistemas Urbanos de Drenajes Sostenibles (SuDS). A través de esta, se plantea el prediseño de un sistema de captación de escorrentía para el amortiguamiento de la posible inundación y que, a su vez, en épocas de sequía, funcione como parque recreacional, complementado con infraestructuras de almacenamiento de agua para consumo humano y riego urbano. Por último, se realiza una comparación del impacto de las soluciones hidráulicas a través del tránsito de avenidas, para determinar su efectividad y sostenibilidad.
Implicaciones laborales del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Estados Unidos, Centroamérica y República Dominicana.
Authors: Lara López Edgar
Published: November 2022

Este artículo expone las posibles repercusiones del CAFTA-RD sobre la población trabajadora. Plantea, inicialmente, que los TLC facilitan los procesos de acumulación capitalista, la cual tiene su base en la explotación de la fuerza de trabajo. Posteriormente evalúa los resultados del capítulo laboral, a la luz de la garantía de los derechos laborales.
MIGRATION AS AN ADAPTATION STRATEGY: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Nasrin Nishad , Haider Mohammed Ziaul , Ahsan Md. Nasif
Published: November 2022

Considering the capability approach of Amartya Sen, in many instances, migration is an adaption strategy that is no longer freedom of choice; rather, people are forced to choose it. Specifically, people often choose migration for adaptation due to climate and environmental vulnerabilities. This Bibliometric analysis aims to provide a detailed overview of how migration is considered an adaptation strategy using the Scopus database. The search query includes 'migration,’ 'adaptation', 'vulnerability', and 'climate change' as the keywords. A total of 7,335 scientific documents, including books, book chapters, articles, and review papers for 2011-2021, were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The lexical network analysis suggests a strong connection between migration and adaptation. Moreover, the spatial network analysis suggests that the migration-related research works are primarily concentrated in the USA, the UK, and Australia. The findings of an intensive review of 38 Scopus index migration literature suggest that migration is the ultimate effect of climate change, and the researchers termed this an 'adaptation strategy'. Although numerous dimensions of migration and adaptation strategy have been explored in the literature, however, future research options are still available in the field of migration-adaptation comparing circular and permanent migration, gendered dimension from the left-behind perspective, cultural diaspora between the migrants and receiving country, policies on alternative adaptation strategies, adaptation due to freedom of choice and forced migration from the wellbeing perspective. Moreover, heightened research collaboration is strongly suggested among the top migrant-sending and receiving countries to get more insights and policy formulation.
DISPARITY OF MALNUTRITION AMONG ELDERLY IN SUNAMGONJ DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Uddin Dr Md Taj , Hussain Dr Md Kamal
Published: November 2022

Malnutrition seriously affects the health of elderly. The objective of the study is to determine the variation of nutritional status of elderly with respect to their socio economic and demographic characteristic. For this, a sample of four hundred elderly respondents have been selected randomly from Sunamgonj district in Bangladesh during 2019. Mini Nutrition Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) is used to assess the nutrition status of elderly. Percent frequency distribution, t-test and F-test are used to analyze the data. It is observed from the analysis that only a few (0.58 percent) elderly belongs to normal nutrition status. The rest of the elderly are suffering from malnutrition (39.62 percent) and at risk of malnutrition (59.8 percent). The study findings show that socio-demographic characteristics like occupation, marital status, age, place of residence, taking care and family type have significant role on the variation of nutrition status of elderly. Therefore, policymakers, GO and NGO should come forward to develop the nutrition situation of elderly especially in Sunamgonj district of Bangladesh.
HOUSING TRANSFORMATION PROCESS IN GOVERNMENT PROVIDED REHABILITATION PROJECT: A STUDY OF BHANDARPARA ASHRAYAN PROKOLPO
Authors: Mallick Puja , Mostafa Anirban
Published: November 2022

Housing transformation is a commonly practiced phenomenon, especially in government-provided housing all over the world. In Bangladesh as well, the government-provided rehabilitation housing, like Ashrayan projects, experiences transformation of physical elements according to the dwellers’ needs. This physical transformation of housing indicates an existing gap between the housing provision process and users’ needs. These transformations also reflect many unidentified indicators like traditional dwelling patterns, building materials, flexibility, livelihood options, and accommodation of the dwellers’ next generation, etc. that could be helpful to meet the noble vision of Ashrayan projects. A critical understanding of the housing transformation process will help to formulate a more user-centric rehabilitation approach. The aim of this study is to investigate the process of housing transformation and identify decisive indicators causing the transformation in the development and construction phases of government-provided rehabilitation projects. The rehabilitation project of Bhandarpara Ashrayan, in Khulna, a southern district of Bangladesh, was chosen as the case of this study. The project accommodates 260 households in 26 barracks. Among the population, 33 households were chosen as samples for morphological analysis using qualitative techniques. The finding implies that users gradually altered the government-provided housing units. Direct labor, locally available materials, and a self-help approach without the need for building designs or authorizations were well-used indicators in the housing transformation process.
Niobium, Critical Metal, and Progeny of the Mantle
Authors: Williams-Jones A. E. , Vasyukova O. V.
Published: November 2022

Niobium is a critical metal in high demand because of technological advances and the supply risk created by the fact that over 90% of its production is by a single country (Brazil). In this paper, we review the geology of the deposits that are currently being mined and other potentially economic deposits as well as develop models for their genesis. With the exception of the Lovozero deposit (Russia), which is hosted by a layered silica-undersaturated alkaline igneous complex, all the deposits that are currently being mined for niobium are hosted by carbonatites, and most of the deposits with economic potential are also hosted by these rocks. Niobium owes its concentration in carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks to its highly incompatible nature and the small degree of partial melting of the mantle required to generate the corresponding magmas. The primary control on the concentration of niobium to economic levels in alkaline silicate magmas is fractional crystallization, partly prior to but mainly after emplacement. In the case of silica-undersaturated magmas, the final residue saturates in minerals like eudialyte and loparite to form niobium-rich horizons in the layered complexes that crystallize from these magmas. The final residue, in the case of silica-saturated magmas, crystallizes the pegmatites that are the hosts to the economic niobium mineralization, which commonly takes the form of pyrochlore. In contrast, carbonatitic magmas undergo little to no fractional crystallization prior to emplacement. Moreover, fractional crystallization on emplacement has minimal impact on the concentration of niobium to economic levels. Instead, we propose that the metasomatic interaction of the carbonatitic magmas with their hosts to form rocks like phlogopitite (glimmerite) consumes much of the magma, leaving behind a phoscoritic residue from which pyrochlore crystallizes in amounts sufficient to form economic deposits. Although many niobium deposits display evidence of intense hydrothermal alteration, during which there can be major changes in the niobium mineralogy, the extremely low solubility of niobium in aqueous fluids at elevated temperature precludes significant mobilization and, thus, enrichment of the metal by hydrothermal fluids. However, weathering of carbonatite-hosted niobium deposits leads to supergene enrichment (due largely to the dissolution of the carbonate minerals) that can double the niobium grade and make subeconomic deposits economic. Pyrochlore is the principal niobium mineral in these laterite-hosted deposits, although its composition differs considerably from that in the primary mineralization. This paper evaluates the processes that appear to be responsible for the genesis of niobium ores and provides a framework that we hope will guide future in-depth studies of niobium deposits and lead to more effective strategies for their successful exploration and exploitation.
Velocidad de expulsión de semillas de árboles tropicales del tracto gastrointestinal de bovinos y su emergencia
Authors: Palma García José Manuel
Published: November 2022

La endozoocoria se considera como una interacción ecológica y evolutiva, referida al consumo de los frutos o semillas por lo animales en pastoreo y liberados a través de la materia fecal. De esta forma dichas semillas se  dispersan por el campo. Este proceso a través del ganado puede jugar un papel importante, en la restauración y conservación de la biodiversidad de hábitats naturales (Ramos-Font et al., 2015) o inducidos, debido a su contribución de dispersión de las especies, en particular de las arbóreas.
Análisis sistémico socioecológico en los sistemas agro-silvopastoriles
Authors: Sánchez Romero Rosa , González Esquivel Carlos Ernesto
Published: November 2022

Los Sistemas agro - silvopastoriles (SASP) son complejos y diversos en estructura, manejo y productividad. Dependen de las condiciones socioecológicas, dinámicas y cambiantes, en las que se desarrollan. Los procesos locales no son aislados, están interrelacionados con las condiciones regionales y globales (Liu et al., 2007; Sánchez-Romero et al., 2020).
Redes de innovación territorial: Estrategia de desarrollo de capacidades para el manejo integral de agroecosistemas
Authors: Rae Simms Sherie , Barragán Fuentes María Elizabeth , Cinco Martínez Seki , Solorio Sánchez Francisco Javier
Published: November 2022

México es un país megadiverso, a pesar de su valor ambiental, se pierden 80 mil hectáreas por año de bosques para realizar prácticas agropecuarias (Varns et al., 2018). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) desarrolla estrategias orientadas a la adaptación y mitigación de impactos ambientales derivados de prácticas agropecuarias, impulsando modelos productivos sostenibles.
Learning from Literary Experience
Authors: Puolakka Kalle
Published: November 2022

According to a popular account, literary works can give a sense of the “inside” feel of various human experiences, literature thereby supplementing the external and objective perspective on the world that the different sciences aim at. This paper extends this understanding of literature's cognitive value, usually called “experiential knowledge,” with some key ideas of John Dewey's philosophy. It is argued that Dewey's general take on experience, as well as three of his central concepts—undergoing, inquiry, and growth—can significantly contribute to our understanding of how experiential knowledge emerges from literary engagements and of the general cognitive significance of this type of knowledge. A particularly important goal of the paper is to show, against some skeptics, that experiential knowledge can have genuine epistemic weight, despite its nonpropositional and subjective character. It is also argued that experiential knowledge does not require a complete overlap between real-world experiences and literary experiences, as one recent criticism assumes.
The Art of Education and the Work(ing) of Art: Theorizing Museum Educator Pedagogies
Authors: Quay John , Brown Robert , Andersen Jennifer , Watkins Marnee
Published: November 2022

Museum education is a complex and specialized endeavour, even more so when involving partnerships with schools. In this paper, we engage with theories that support understanding of museum-educator pedagogies. Dewey's notion of occupations is explored as offering a better theorization of pedagogical possibilities than that available through ideas associated with identity. Museum-educator pedagogies shape occupations, as the coherence of interest-purpose-meaning. Such shaping is not a purely individual human action, as occupations are social and material, as being-in-the-world. Heidegger's phenomenological understanding of the working of art, critiqued by Schapiro, enables further comprehension of this pedagogical working. Both theories together provide insights into museum-educator pedagogies as expressive of the always challenging art of education.
Hume's Real Riches
Authors: Goldhaber Charles
Published: November 2022

Hume describes his own “open, social, and cheerful humour” as “a turn of mind which it is more happy to possess, than to be born to an estate of ten thousand a year.” Why does he value a cheerful character so highly? I argue that, for Hume, cheerfulness has two aspects—one manifests as mirth in social situations, and the other as steadfastness against life's misfortunes. This second aspect is of special interest to Hume in that it safeguards the other virtues. And its connection with the first aspect helps explain how it differs from Stoic tranquility. For Hume, I argue, philosophy has a modest role in promoting human happiness by preserving cheerfulness.
Ancient Love of Wisdom and its Medieval Transformation
Authors: Flores Juan Carlos
Published: November 2022

Against the ancient background, the paper shows how philosophy, as a form of love, is transformed in the medieval period. Henry of Ghent's view of the aim of contemplation exemplifies this transformation, and indicates how medieval love of wisdom, as the synthesis of reason and revelation, can be an enhancement of the desire that animates ancient philosophy. In this telling case and at a fundamental level, faith and revelation stimulate love of wisdom even as reason endeavors to be reconciled with the details of theological doctrine.
Timeless Freedom in Kant
Authors: Saunders Joe
Published: November 2022

This paper draws attention to two problems with Kant's claim that transcendental freedom is timeless. The problems are that this causes conceptual difficulties and fails to vindicate important parts of our moral practices. I then put forward three ways in which we can respond to these charges on Kant's behalf. The first is to defend Kant's claim that transcendental freedom occurs outside of time. The second is to reject this claim, but try to maintain transcendental idealism. And the third is to reject both Kant's claim about the timelessness of freedom and also transcendental idealism itself.
Music, Seduction, and New Beginnings: The Ikorodo Maiden Dance of Nsukka
Authors: Opara Ruth , Agbo Benedict
Published: November 2022

Why are conversations about seduction, the female body, and choosing partners central at a funeral during the Ikorodo music performance? How does Ikorodo enact the act of seduction? How has the act of seduction and Ikorodo performance practice evolved? How do Ikorodo performances express the indigenous conceptions of seductions? These are the questions this article addresses to reveal—how Ikorodo dance provides a platform for new beginnings and enactments of Nsukka Igbo societal gender ideologies. Drawing from indigenous conceptions of seduction, histories, practitioners’ and audiences’ narratives, archival materials, existing scholarship, and Ikorodu performance practice as experienced and collected during fieldwork, this article explores how Ikorodo dance—a traditional musical genre well known and performed in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria—maintains its primary function of providing a space where maiden dancers utilize music to find life partners even when performed at a funeral. Emphasis on the male gaze interrogates the dominant idea that music gives African women agency.
An Archaeoastronomic Assessment of Angel Mounds, Indiana, with Commentary on Moundville, Alabama, and Cahokia, Illinois
Authors: Romain William F. , Herrmann Edward W.
Published: November 2022

The Angel Mounds site was a large, fortified Mississippian village located in southwestern Indiana. The site flourished from circa AD 1100 to AD 1450 and represents one of the largest recorded Mississippian settlements in the Ohio River valley. In this article, we use astronomic data, lidar imagery, ethnohistoric data, and computer planetarium simulations to identify solar, stellar, and lunar alignments at the site. Of special interest are new findings showing how mound axes are oriented to the Milky Way on the night of the summer solstice. In traditional Eastern Woodlands belief, the Milky Way was the path that souls of the dead traveled on their journey to the Land of the Dead. Supportive of the findings for Angel are similar Milky Way alignments at Moundville, Alabama, and Cahokia, Illinois.
Between Letters from America and “Sachem”
Authors: Bujnicki Tadeusz
Published: November 2022

The subject of the article is Henryk Sienkiewicz's three-year- long stay in the United States (1876–1878), as well as its result—“Letters from a Trip to America” and short stories inspired by this trip (with particular emphasis on “Sachem”). The article concentrates on the way the author presents both geographic and social aspects of America as well as ideological and artistic interpretation. Sienkiewicz in his writings presents the nature of American democracy, ideas of freedom and equality at the same time noticing unjust treatment and extermination of the Indigenous Americans. In his “American” works Sienkiewicz hones his writing skills, in particular abilities of description. This article also shows how the stay in America influenced Sienkiewicz's worldview and his later works, in particular his historical novels.