bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women's Participation In Administration Processes In Education And Culture
Authors: Sultan Sultan , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the participation of women in the administrative process at the Office of Education and Culture in Merauke Regency. Researchers use a qualitative approach. while the data analysis technique, the authors used three stages: Condensation of data, presentation of data, and drawing conclusions from the results of this study the authors found that women's participation in the administration process went well, but there were still flaws and found other factors namely education, insight intellectual, and responsibility, Based on the results of the study showed that the factors of Coverage, Equality and partnership, Transparency, Equality and authority, Equality of responsibility and empowerment. Women's Participation in the Administration Process in the Office of Education and Culture in Merauke Regency which can be seen from these indicators has been going well the above has been going well, but in the process there are still some shortcomings, and obstacles in doing work that is still and obstacles in doing employment, namely that there are still many women who do not yet have adequate quality in carrying out and carrying out work, but these problems can be minimized to carry out the process of women's participation in administration at the Merauke Regency Education and Culture Office.
Kapitalisasi Agama Menuju Pasar, Komodifikasi Dan Komersialisasi “Agama”
Authors: Adam Aenal Fuad
Published: July 2020

Perkembangan pasar produk halal dan Syariah yang banyak menembus telah mengalami badai besar di pasar yang mempengaruhi pergeseran pemasaran produk. Tujuan kajian ini untuk melihat apakah yang dimaksud oleh Greg Fealy sebagai komodifikasi agama benar-benar menjadi fenomena konsumsi yang mendukung penyebaran dan memudahkan hidup sebagai seorang muslim dalam pergeseran produk halal dan syariah terhadap ekonomi pasar global. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya hidup konsumerisasi mencerminkan dan mengintersepsi sistem kapitalism yang dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang dulunya berbeda satu sama lain tetapi sekarang memiliki cadangan dan mengembangkan sistem satu sama lain untuk akumulasi modal pasar. Pembeli muslim mengidentifikasi produk untuk mencari iman dan pengakuan itu, sementara produk menggunakan simbol islam dan mengatakan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan.
Wasur National Park Hall's Role In Raising The Local People's Income Wasur Village
Authors: Moento Paul Adryani , Unawekla Nikolaus
Published: July 2020

The welfare level of the population in Wasur Park village is still very low and most still hang its life by taking the result of the forest. This study aims to analyze the role of Wasur Park National Park in increasing local people's income. The method by which researchers use a qualitative approach, while the data collection techniques consist of library studies and field studies through observation, interviews. The process of data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and the conclusion of the empowerment of the National Park Wasur Park Hall is counseling to the local community in the framework of the Empowerment Program of local Kampung Wasur Park. In the empowerment, Wasur Park National Park is coordinating with local governments to see the development of local community data. The real evidence of Wasur Park National Park through empowerment is the establishment of a rural forestry Counseling Center (SPKP). The establishment of a rural forestry Counseling Center (SPKP) in Wasur Village, implemented after the implementation of education and training of village studies in participatory. Furthermore, Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts construction. The construction is a construction of small industry of eucalyptus oil refining, the manufacture of salted fish, medicinal plants, and the cultivation of commercial crops. Then the community in providing coaching through socialization by providing science about preserving the forest and protection and safeguarding the potential of Wasur National Park area. Then Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts supervision. Supervision conducted by the National Park Hall Wasur Park is monitoring against the hunting of many protected animals located in Wasur Park National Park area. In the Garden Hall program, Wasur Park is monitoring and evaluation of habitat and population. The Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts a regular patrol, preventing wild hunters from Wasur Park National Park. Then patrol is also done to prevent forest fires.
Evolución del gobierno corporativo en Chile desde la ley de OPASs
Authors: Carvajal Arenas Lorena
Published: July 2020

El texto arrastra al lector a debates académicos imbricados, ya que el contenido no es meramente teórico, sino que, a través de estudios empíricos, en primer lugar, evalúa la incorporación de los Principios de GC de la OCDE en la normativa chilena; y, en segundo lugar, estudia la aplicación de dichos principios por Sociedades Anónimas Abiertas (cotizadas en Bolsa) y la implicancia que dicha praxis tiene en el valor de la empresa y, por rebote, en el Mercado de Capitales.

La hipótesis planteada, en el sentido que en el Mercado de Capitales chileno el buen gobierno corporativo basado en disposiciones de la OCDE –medido mediante un índice de cumplimiento– está relacionado positivamente con el valor de la empresa, es parcialmente demostrada. Se concluye que, en el período de estudio, el factor menos importante en el valor de la empresa es la calidad del Gobierno Corporativo.
La formazione come coefficiente di protezione contro gli infortuni: nuove tecniche e valutazione dell’impatto economico sul bilancio aziendale
Authors: Anna Romano , Antonia Cangiano , Giovanni Panico
Published: July 2020

Accidents at work are the cause of long absence/death of workers.Part of the European population suffers from workrelated health problems,it is the EU-OSHA itself that points out that their cost on a global scale is 2680billion euros, 3.9% GDP-,the European one of 476billion euros-3.3%GDP.The economic advantages of investments for safety are evident and the acquisition of awareness of the worker on the level of risk represents a coefficient of protection against accidents.Training proves to be a valid prevention tool in the hands of the employer which reduces it to a mere regulatory compliance, detached from the overall corporate security project, underestimating that negligent choices constitute heavy hypotheses of crime in the presence of avoidable injuries through adequate training.The project wants to raise awareness of the employer on the power of training as a protection coefficient suggesting training approaches that,where adequate and correctly implemented,exempt him from the responsibilities deriving from the accident.Knowledge of the danger inherent in substances,machines and processes, mastery of working techniques, competence in the safe use,if not combined with other “confounding”(non-compliance)factors,they can significantly reduce the risk.These are skills that cannot be acquired in an isolated educational path but that require a process integrated with the work that must start at the level scholastic,articulate in the communication to the worker of the business risks and turn into support to expert personnel.The general education carried out at school level would constitute an investment carried out by the State, specific training for coaching would reduce the burdens of classroom training certainly causing a slowdown in production but to a greater advantage a reduction in extraordinary maintenance interventions due to incorrect use of the equipment and absences for participation in training. For the supervisory body, the problematic verification of compliance with regulatory requirements would be solved with the establishment at Regional level of an evaluation team.
Application of the sub-classification AGC NOS and AGC FN in Pap Smears AGC: utility in clinical practice
Authors: Antognoli Davide , Zampatti Clementina , Cattaneo Gabriella , Armiraglio Simona , Crivelli Filippo
Published: July 2020

With the use of the pap smear in screening programs there has been a decrease in cervical cancer but the pap smear is also a tool for early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma. Endocervical adenocarcinoma is a delicate disease because, even though it is a rare disease, it is becoming more and more widespread, affecting young women of childbearing age. Furthermore, it is asymptomatic, hardly visible colposcopically and is also a dangerous disease whose risk does not diminish after diagnosis of AGC but remains high over time.
The study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the subcategory of the AGC in AGC NOS and AGC FN to assess whether the use can give advantages in clinical practice
93248 Pap Smears were considered in this study, of which only 50 were suitable for the study (diagnosis of AGC and histological examination on the endocervix), these were reclassified according to the indications of Bethesda in AGC NOS and AGC FN
In the reclassified Pap Smears as AGC NOS we obtained, on the histological examination, 79% of lesions of low clinical-evolutionary impact and only the 21% of lesions with a high clinical-evolutionary impact. on the other hand, in the reclassified Pap Smears as AGC FN we obtained 23% of lesions of low clinical-evolutionary impact and the 77% of lesions with a high clinical-evolutionary impact. In addition, in patients over 50 with the diagnosis of AGC FN, extracervical diseases prevail
The sub-classification in AGC NOS and AGC FN has proved useful to guide the clinician in carrying out more detailed examinations in women diagnosed with AGC FN and moreover in a patient over 50 years the diagnosis of AGC FN must orientate the clinician to an extension of the investigations also, and above all, at the level of the remaining parts of the genital apparatus (in particular the endometrium) or of the neighboring organs (bladder, rectum).
Suggerimento di modifica ed integrazione dell’accordo stato regioni del 21/12/2011 n°221 sulla formazione, attraverso l’individuazione di punti critici e segnalazione di nuove opportunità
Authors: Ciaramella Roberto , Marcantonio Roberto , Arricale Mariella , Massa Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

The Italian legislation concerning professional training and information for workers, arising from the State Regions agreement n.221 fo 12/21/, does not seem totally suitable to verify how many and which skills the workers have actually acquired. Our work aims to draw attention to the opportunity to review and reform the training paths, through the identification of critical points, such as deficiencies and redundancies, and reports of new opportunities, in the proactive direction of a new methodology for designing courses in professional training, aimed at raising its efficiency and effectiveness, resulting from the improvement of knowledge and practical skills acquired by learners. A potential critical factor, capable of degrading the primary function of a professional training course, seems to be correlated to the excessive number of frontal training hours, dictated by the ATECO membership code, since they often end up teaching theoretical contents, often not related to the sector they belong to, without assessing the “know-how” of workers, but only “knowing”. The adoption of teaching methods that actively involve workers, through group work techniques, in situ simulations, practical exercises of machines and work equipment, could lead to overcoming passive participation, raising learning skills. The proposal of courses with theoretical and practical verification by institutional bodies and the drafting of a “skills book”, which certifies what the workers have learned in the courses, making it easily demonstrable in case of an inspection, could facilitate the function of the Supervisory Authorities, favouring a control oriented on the content rather than formal aspects
SETTING PURPOSE FOR ASSESSMENT: SELECTING THE RIGHT ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
Authors: KERTAEVA Zaure
Published: July 2020

There is a direct link between assessment and teaching, which is not always taken into consideration. This may prevent assessment fulfilling teaching process and helping achieve teaching aims. The issue raised in the article is related to factors connecting assessment to language teaching. In particular, it discusses about how to make assessment purposeful and how to opt for the right alternative so that teaching could meet learners` needs and teachers` objectives.
By investigating existing materials on the topic, the author discusses the classification of tests according to their functions; and provides a five-component guideline that helps language teachers assess their students` language skills purposefully. Suggested guideline highlights the importance of teachers` awareness of abovementioned classification.
Moreover, the article includes detailed description of three forms of alternative assessment — portfolios, journals and peer-assessment. By discussing benefits of those three alternatives and challenges in their application, the author proposes some recommendations concerning the use of each assessment form.
ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ИГРА КАК СРЕДСТВО ПОРОЖДЕНИЯ МОТИВАЦИИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Authors: UZBEKOV Timur
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматривается проблема использования языковой игры как средства порождения мотивации к изучению русского языка студентами тюркоязычной (узбекской) аудитории. Русский язык в республике Узбекистан и в других тюркоязычных странах СНГ является обязательной общеобразовательной дисциплиной для изучения в школе и в вузе. В определении образовательных статусов русского языка в России и в странах СНГ автор опирается на концепцию М.Джусупова о 7-ми разновидностях, когда русский язык изучается как родной, неродной, иностранный. В условиях, когда русский язык изучается как неродной, внедрение языковой игры имеет свою специфику, которая проявляется в социолингвистической ситуации контактирования родного и неродного (русского) языка с функциональным доминированием родного языка. Внедрение в учебный процесс звуковой, лексико-семантической, семантико-стилистической и др. видов языковой игры порождает большой интерес у учащихся, т.е. повышается мотивация в целом, и исполнительская культура процесса использования материала русского языка как в устной, так и в письменной речи. В статье кратко описываются разновидности языковой игры, ее деление на две большие группы (языковая игра, лингвистическая игра), особенности отбора образцов лингвистической игры по русскому языку для тюркоязычной аудитории и методика их внедрения в учебный процесс. Фонетическая лингвистическая игра вызывает большой интерес, так как она охватывает не только фонетико-фонологический аспект, но и смысловой, так как игра звуков (их чередования), изменяют значения слов и форм слов. Внедрение образцов языковой или лингвистической игры в учебный процесс инофонной аудитории должно осуществляться с учетом уровня знаний русского языка студентами, темы занятия, будущей профессиональной деятельности студентов, характера учебно-речевой ситуации.
COMENTÁRIO SOBRE “O CONCEITO DE SENTIMENTO NO MONISMO DE TRIPLO ASPECTO” DE ALFREDO PEREIRA JR.
Authors: Passos-Ferreira Cláudia
Published: July 2020

Embora muito esforço já tenha sido dispendido na tentativa de resolver o problema da a consciência, a consciência ainda é um aspecto enigmático da nossa vida mental. Nesse sentido, qualquer tentativa de compreender a consciência é valiosa. A principal contribuição de Pereira nesse artigo é propor uma solução monista ao problema mente-corpo, que possa, ao mesmo tempo, explicar a consciência, e garantir um papel central aos estados afetivos na caracterização da consciência.
TÉCNICA, TECNOLOGIA E TECNOCIÊNCIA: DA FILOSOFIA ANTIGA À FILOSOFIA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Kussler Leonardo Marques
Published: July 2020

No presente artigo, propomo-nos a refletir acerca dos conceitos de técnica e tecnologia, com o objetivo de destacar a diferença de ambos os conceitos, além de mostrar diferentes pontos de vista filosóficos acerca do tema e a implicação destes na vida humana. Para tanto, na primeira seção, o itinerário começa em uma análise etimológica dos termos, seguindo através de excertos da República de Platão e da Ética a Nicômaco de Aristóteles. Na segunda seção, elencamos como a técnica se encerra na tecnologia, partindo da perspectiva de saberfazer em relação à natureza para um modus operandi na natureza, onde o foco move-se da supremacia do homem com a técnica sobre a natureza para a técnica sobre a vida humana. Contamos, pois, com as reflexões de Umberto Galimberti, que aponta a tecnologia como técnica de manipulação da natureza; Gilbert Hottois, que corrobora o conceito de tecnociência e destaca a lógica de dominação, intervenção e criação na natureza; e Jean-Pierre Dupuy, que analisa o modo como a tecnologia relaciona-se com a ética, que é baseada em valores de uma natureza que é transmutável.
IS FEMINIST THEORY INCAPABLE OF CONDEMNING RAPE BY DECEPTION?
Authors: Garasic Mirko Daniel , Keinan Shay
Published: July 2020

Rape by deception is a unique and controversial form of crime. It is based on the assumption that withholding some information from a person –usually a woman- prior to having sex with her can be said to nullify her consent to the act. One can assume that a feminist approach would strongly condemn this type of crime. However, in this paper we want to underline how rape by deception puts in question some variants of feminist theory. We will argue that in order to convincingly condemn acts of rape by deception, we need to accept that some forms of feminist ethics, such as relational autonomy and ethics of care, are inappropriate or incapable of convincingly condemning this type of rape. In order to support this claim, we will consider recent cases in Israel and in the United Kingdom that give relevance to this global issue. Assuming that procuring sexual interaction by deception about one’s own identity amounts to rape, we will highlight that such a position is consistent with a strict Kantian version of ethics. However, we will explain how this position paradoxically collides with the directives of some feminist theories.
Teleologie und Zeit: Die Zweckrationalität zwischen Natur und Freiheit
Authors: FANTASIA Francesca
Published: July 2020

A intenção do presente ensaio é destacar a função do tempo dentro de algumas estruturas teleológicas da filosofia prática de Kant, a fim de contribuir para a interpretação do desenvolvimento dos fins da razão e para a contextualização da questão kantiana da história. Das análises do duplo significado do bem supremo como plenamente realizável e parcialmente a promover, atenta-se em especial para a concepção da felicidade como um sistema complexo e conforme a um fim (como segunda parte do bem supremo) (1). A relação entre estes dois significados da ideia do bem supremo é então comparada com a relação entre o fim último da natureza e o fim último da criação, como formulado na KU (2). Como âmbito geral das realizações teleológicas práticas, a cultura desempenha um papel importante neste contexto, a fim de melhor explicar como pode ser estruturada concretamente a busca daquela felicidade sistemática no mundo (3). Por meio da relação entre ambos os níveis de normatividade da razão e com a teoria das disposições apresentada na Religionsschrift, é então considerado o resultado central da investigação de Kant, a fim de fundamentar a tese do progresso humano para o melhor (4).

Recebido / Received: 14 de junho de 2020 / 14 June 2020Aceito / Accepted: 30 de junho de 2020 / 30 June 2020
Nota Editorial
Authors: Marques Ubirajara Rancan de Azevedo , Madrid Nuria Sánchez
Published: July 2020

É com especial satisfação que apresentamos ao público filosófico, e, sobretudo, kantiano, do Brasil e do exterior, o primeiro fascículo do primeiro número da revista eletrônica Estudos Kantianos [EK], publicação semestral do Centro de Pesquisas e Estudos Kantianos "Valerio Rohden" [CPEK], vinculado ao Departamento de Filosofia da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências [FFC] da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" [UNESP].
Editorial Note
Authors: Marques Ubirajara Rancan de Azevedo , Madrid Nuria Sánchez
Published: July 2020

We are especially pleased to introduce to the philosophical public, particularly to the Kantian Scholarship, the first volume's issue of the electronic Journal Estudos Kantianos [EK], a biannual journal of th Centro de Pesquisas e Estudos Kantianos "Valerio Rohden" [CPEK], research center which belongs to the Philosophy Department of the Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences [FFC] of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" [UNESP].
A finalidade na Natureza e a biologia: relendo Kant
Authors: Rosales Jacinto Rivera de
Published: July 2020

A ciência moderna nasce com Bacon, Descartes, Galileu e Newton, eliminando do seu horizonte de compreensão as causas finais, ao considerá-las elementos antropomórficos que romperiam com a legalidade objectiva que procuravam.
La concretezza dell’esperienza morale nella filosofia pratica di Kant
Authors: Trentanit Federica
Published: July 2020

La teoria morale di Kant è stata spesso criticata da parte di coloro che ne sottolineano la distanza dalla prassi concreta e l'incapacità di rendere conto delle specificità di ogni singolo caso; da questo punto di vista l'opposizione a cui di solito si fa riferimento è tra l'etica aristotelica e quella kantiana. In questo contributo si cercherà invece di mostrare che questi due modelli non sono poi così lontani:2 il tema di fondo che verrà analizzato riguarda pertanto il ruolo del Giudizio pratico3 nella mediazione tra la ragione pura pratica e la prassi concreta della virtù.4
Ilustración y mecanismo. Metafísica del uso privado de razón
Authors: Fisac Jesús González
Published: July 2020

1. Este trabajo se centra en el uso privado de razón que aparece en la Beantwortung auf die Frage: "Was ist Aufklärung?". Concretamente, es nuestro propósito mostrar un trasfondo esencialmente antropológico de este texto, um trasfondo que se va a revelar como una suerte de estructura o troquel fáctico pero también formal.
KANT, Immanuel. Primera Introducción de la Crítica del Juicio. Edición bilingüe. Introducción, edición crítica y traducción de Nuria Sánchez Madrid. Madrid: Escolar y Mayo: 2011
Authors: Lobeiras María Xesús Vázquez
Published: July 2020

La obra que presentamos a continuación contiene la primera edición bilingüe del texto de la Primera Introducción de la Crítica del Juicio (=EE) de la que tenemos noticia en el ámbito de habla hispana. Junto con ello aparece uma extensa Introducción (p. 11-90), que mejor debería llamarse Estudio Introductorio, de Nuria Sánchez Madrid, que lleva por título Contingencia y trascendentalidad. La Primera Introducción de la Crítica del Juicio y la catábasis reflexiva de la Lógica trascendental.
SANTOS, Leonel Ribeiro dos. Ideia de uma heurística transcendental. Lisboa: Esfera do Caos, 2012.
Authors: Madrid Nuria Sánchez
Published: July 2020

La obra más reciente del profesor del Centro de Filosofía de la Universidad de Lisboa, Leonel Ribeiro dos Santos, Ideia de uma heurística transcendental -de ahora en adelante citada como IHt-, viene a culminar la original y sistemática hermenéutica del pensamiento de Kant, articulada en clave de una «poética transcendental», cuyos primeros resultados el autor dio a conocer hace ya más de tres décadas en su tesis doctoral, Metáforas da razão ou economia poética do pensar kantiano, redactada entre 1983 y 1989 y defendida en 1990 en la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Lisboa2, de la misma manera que en volúmenes como A razão sensível. Estudos kantianos3.
HAPPINESS IN KANT AND ROUSSEAU
Authors: ROHLF Michael
Published: July 2020

Most modern philosophers understand happiness fundamentally in terms of the subjective states of pleasure or desire satisfaction; while pre-modern philosophers tend to understand happiness fundamentally in terms of possessing certain objective goods like virtue, which do not reduce to pleasure or desire satisfaction, or engaging in objectively worthwhile activities like doing philosophy76. his paper investigates two modern conceptions of happiness: namely, Kant's and Rousseau's. I argue that their subjectivist conceptions of happiness do not prevent them from recognizing certain objective goods that help us to become happy. In fact, I argue that they both hold that some of the same objective goods that Aristotle thinks happiness consists in - including virtue, the development of our rational powers, and love of others - are either necessary for or at least tend to promote one's own happiness.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A PERFECTIBILIDADE HUMANA A PARTIR DE ROUSSEAU E KANT
Authors: SANTOS Robinson dos
Published: July 2020

O homem natural, a menção ao progresso humano por meio da cultura, o aperfeiçoamento moral do homem e a sua destinação última são elementos comuns na ilosoia de Rousseau e Kant. Estas questões nos remetem para o âmbito no qual se deinem mas, ao mesmo tempo, também se distinguem suas respectivas concepções antropológicas. O objetivo consiste em traçar os contornos mais gerais de suas posições e para tal recorre-se aqui à noção de perfectibilidade humana. Este conceito, na medida em que está presente suas respectivas obras, nos permite identiicar elementos que os relacionam e, ao mesmo tempo, compreender suas peculiaridades.
EL CONCEPTO KANTIANO DE VOULNTAD PÚBLICA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA NOCIÓN ROUSSEAUNIANA DE VOLUNTAD GENERAL
Authors: BEADE Ileana P.
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo proponemos analizar el concepto de voluntad pública formulado por Kant en los Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Rechtslehre (1797), a fin de considerar su conexión con la noción de voluntad general desarrollada por Rousseau en Du contrat social (1762). El análisis y reconstrucción de la argumentación kantiana referida a la necesidad de una representación o personificación de la voluntad pública en la figura de un Jefe de Estado permitirá reflexionar acerca de un aspecto doctrinal que parece instalar una distancia insalvable entre ambos filósofos, incidiendo además en el tratamiento kantiano de importantes problemas jurídico-políticos específicos (particularmente, en su impugnación del llamado Derecho de resistencia [Widerstandsrecht]).
“ROUSSEAU SET ME ARIGHT” – THE LEGACY OF ROUSSEAU IN KANT’S LEGAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND THE IDEALIZATION OF THE VOLONTÉ GÉNÉRALE
Authors: HÜNING Dieter
Published: July 2020

The article tries to expose the relationship between Rousseau and Kant with regard to the concept of the general will. In part I, it is analyzed, what is the central theme in Rousseau's Contrat social, i. e. the reconciliation of freedom to authority.Then (in part II) the article is concerned with the question, how Rousseau's concept of the general will has influenced the constitutional law of Immanuel Kant. In part III it is discussed, how Kant has changed the theory of the general will in order tocombine it with a representative constitution of the republic.
TWO FACES OF REPUBLICANISM: ROUSSEAU AND KANT
Authors: CARANTI Luigi
Published: July 2020

The relation between Rousseau's and Kant's political philosophies has attracted the attention of different generations of scholars. This is hardly surprising not only because of the stature of the two philosophers, but also because they offer two similarand perhaps complementary versions of republicanism. Despite the abundance of studies, however, the impression is that the real similarities and the real differences between the two philosophers have not been fully grasped. On points that Rousseau and Kant are traditionally cited for their philosophical distance, this paper argues a much closer proximity. In addition, areas considered overlapping are highlighted as points of genuine disagreement. Three theses of the first kind (apparent dissimilarities) and three theses of the second kind (apparent similarities) are offered as examples. The paper thus naturally falls in two parts and six sections. In the first part, we discuss the following apparent dissimilarities: a) Rousseau's idea that sovereignty cannot be divided Vs Kant's idea that the republican state must be founded on the division of powers, b) Rousseau's dismissal of representative government in favour of direct democracy Vs Kant's harsh criticism of democracy, c) Rousseau's allegedly illiberal idea of "forcing individuals to be free" Vs Kant's liberal commitment to the protection of individuals' pre-political rights. In the second part, we analyze the following apparent similarities: a) Rousseau's and Kant's allegedly identical notions of moral freedom/autonomy, b) their accounts of the reasons why individuals "ought to" leave the state of nature, often considered as nearly indistinguishable, c) the notion of general will seemingly borrowed by Kant from Rousseau without significant modifications. The overall analysis should serve to draw two different, yet complementary faces of republicanism. The composition of the two faces construes a position in political philosophy halfway between standard republicanism and standard liberalism that may have some value on its own terms.
PARADOXE IMPLOSIF, PARADOXE EXPLOSIF:KANT ET ROUSSEAU. UNE RÉVOLUTION DANS LA PENSÉE DE L’ORDRE NATUREL
Authors: COHEN-HALIMI Michèle
Published: July 2020

Cet article vise à montrer que la notion d'"influence" dont usent inconsidérément les historiens de la philosophie est une notion qui, loin d'éclairer la manière dont les idées d'un philosophe (ici Rousseau) contribuent à la genèse ou à la transformation des idées d'un autre philosophe (ici Kant), est une "notion-écran", qui arrête l'analyse au lieu de la susciter. Que signifie pour un philosophe être tributaire de la lecture d'un autre philosophe ? Cette étude tente de s'enfoncer dans l'analyse du "tribut" que Kant doit à Rousseau relativement au bouleversement que ce dernier introduit dans la pensée de l'ordre naturel. "Paradoxe explosif " et "paradoxe implosif " servent à qualifier le rapport d'incidence de la contingence rousseauiste sur la conceptualisation kantienne persévérante, depuis 1763 jusqu'à 1790, d'une finalité contingente.
ENTRE ROUSSEAU E FREUD: KANT SOBRE O MAL-ESTAR CULTURAL
Authors: ZÖLLER Günter
Published: July 2020

Este artigo visa esboçar uma leitura abrangente do projeto filosófico de Immanuel Kant tal como ele se manifesta na dupla faceta de uma teoria crítica da razão e uma história natural da razão. A seção 1 apresenta o caráter distintivamente moderno da conjunção idealista kantiana de naturalismo científico e racionalismo supranatural. A seção 2 detalha a outra metade da concepção kantiana de razão humana, concepção antropologicamente baseada, evolutivamente estruturada e historicamente orientada. A seção 3 investiga a posição peculiar da concepção kantiana de antropogênese cultural no seu encontro produtivo com J.-J. Rousseau e sua prefiguração da (muito posterior e diferentemente motivada) avaliação da relação entre natureza humana e cultura humana em Sigmund Freud.
“INSTINCT, THAT VOICE OF GOD” ROUSSEAU’S INFLUENCE ON KANT’S INTERPRETATION OF THE GENESIS
Authors: TANAKA Mikiko
Published: July 2020

In my paper I investigate Rousseau's influence on Kant's interpretation of the Genesis and his philosophy of history. In his essay Conjectural Beginning of Human History Kant interpreted the Genesis from the perspective of the conflict between natural instinct and human reason, i.e. the conflict between the theological doctrine and his philosophy of reason. Opposing Rousseau's opinion that man is entirely satisfied with living according to natural instinct, Kant claims that reason should overcome instinct, which he considers to be the voice of God. Man, therefore, should step out of the state of nature (the Garden of Eden) by his own reason, as Kant regards the release from the rule of instinct and the transition to the guidance of reason as the beginning of human moral history.
A Defence of Kant’s Biological Model for the Human Sciences
Authors: COHEN Alix A.
Published: July 2020

In Kant and the Human Sciences, I present an epistemic model of the human sciences according to which Kant’sAntinomy of reflective judgment is the “foremost” “basis of the method of human sciences” (Cohen, 2009, p. 29). In this paper, I set out to defend this model against recent objections. In the first section, I show that Kant’s anthropology is modelled on his philosophy of biology due to the fact that the development of the human species shares a number of peculiar features with thefunctioning of organisms, these features entailing important methodological characteristics. In the second section, I support this claim by addressing a number of issues that have been raised by Robert Louden in his contribution to this volume. Finally, I discuss a difficulty that is entailed by Louden’s interpretation of Kant’s anthropological project. Namely, pragmatic anthropologyis methodologically and metaphysically incompatible with the claim that human beings are causally determined.
Kant and Cognitive Science
Authors: BROOK Andrew
Published: July 2020

In this paper I argue that while the dominant model of the mind in cognitive science is deeply Kantian, some ofKant’s most arresting ideas have not been assimilated into the contemporary picture. The Kantian elements in the contemporary picture are mainly these three: Representation requires both percepts and concepts, the study of cognition is based on inference to the best explanation (Kant called it transcendental argument), and the mind is a complex system of functions – minds are (part of ) what brains do. Three other important ideas of Kant’s have played little role: That unified consciousness is essential to our kind of cognition (beginning to change), that such unity is the result of concept-using synthesizing activities of the cognitive system, and that the knowledge that such a system has of itself has some highly specific and unusual features.
Ciência empírica, causalidade e razão suficiente em Kant
Authors: KAUARK-LEITE Patrícia
Published: July 2020

Na Analítica Transcendental de Kant encontramos a ideia segundo a qual dar as causas é também dar asexplicações suficientes da razão pela qual um certo fenômeno se produziu. Este trabalho pretende examinar em detalhe as bases dessa aliança entre o princípio de causalidade e o princípio de razão suficiente, em passagens tanto da Crítica da razão pura quanto de outros textos kantianos. Procuraremos especialmente mostrar através da análise do embate entre as teorias dinamista e mecanicista sobre a matéria, apresentado nos Princípios metafísicos da ciência da natureza, que o princípio da razão suficiente, no âmbito das ciências empíricas, não pode ser reduzido, tal como defende Longuenesse (2001), ao princípio da ordem temporal objetiva dos objetos da percepção.
‘Das hippocratische geschäft’. Significado, sentido y ubicación estructural de la medicina en la filosofía kantiana
Authors: TERUEL Pedro Jesús
Published: July 2020

El objetivo del presente paper consiste en mostrar el enlace estructural entre la medicina y las inquietudes prácticomorales de la obra kantiana, con hincapié en el período crítico tardío. Se comienza por dilucidar el significado de la expresión ‘cuestión hipocrática’ y distinguir las disciplinas que la integran. Seguidamente se presenta las vías a través de las cuales se pretenderestablecer o mantener la salud, lo cual conduce a dos variantes de agencia que lindan con sendas y heterogéneas facetas de lo humano. Se delinea así la ubicación de la medicina en el conjunto de saberes sobre el hombre, entre los que revela ocupar un lugarcrucial de transición.
MENSCH, J. Kant’s Organicism: Epigenesis and the Development of Critical Philosophy. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Authors: JESUS Paulo
Published: July 2020

In this remarkable book of theoretical audacity and analytical detail, J. Mensch locates Kant at the heart of modern organicism and investigates the analogy between reason and life, arguing that one can understand reason as life, that is, as a self-organizing and selfdevelopmental process. Moreover, the original hypothesis at stake here compellingly states that, from the standpoint of Kant’s organicism, reason grasps itself by identifying with an organic being, a self-generative whole, a system perfectly unified and articulated from within.It hence follows that, contrarily to what might be suggested by its title, this book does not concern Kant’s biology but rather Kant’s construal of the logos of life, and the ways in which such logos of life becomes for transcendental philosophy the very logos of reason1. In a word, this research shows how Critical Philosophy belongs to the realm of “organic logic”, how thecritical elucidation of reason presents reason as an organic developmental process, and thereby constitutes a special case of the epigenetic dynamic of life. Unlike common practice in Kantian scholarship, the analogy of life and reason can be elucidated without fully subordinating the first to the third Critique.
KANT, I. Crítica da razão pura. Tradução e notas de Fernando Costa Matt os. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2012.
Authors: LORINI Gualtiero
Published: July 2020

O trabalho de tradução e anotação da Crítica da razão pura por Fernando CostaMattos parece ter sido concebido, em primeiro lugar, para ajudar o leitor na grande tarefa que inevitavelmente acompanha a leitura de um texto tão rico e complexo. Como destaca o tradutor na “Nota sobre a tradução”, o trabalho do leitor da Crítica “não é nada fácil” (p. 8), e, tendo em conta que esta edição é também dirigida ao leitor lusófono não especializado, muitas das escolhas na obra em geral podem ser consideradas consistentes.
Encuentros y Desencuentros en la Dinámica Interna de Una Facultad: la “Urteilskraft” en la Tercera Crítica de Kant
Authors: DI SANZA Silvia Del Luján
Published: July 2020

La discusión acerca de la índole de la Facultad de Juzgar reflexionante y del principio transcendental de finalidad como su principio legislativo a priori ha generado y sigue generando múltiples y diversas interpretaciones. De esta cuestión depende también la decisión acerca de la unidad o falta de unidad de la tercera Crítica. Algunas de esas interpretaciones parten del Apéndice a la Dialéctica transcendental de la Crítica de la Razón Pura y piensan desde allí, con diversidad de matices, el planteo presentado por Kant en la tercera Crítica. No será la finalidad de este trabajo cuestionar ese trayecto de investigación puesto de relieve por comentadores solventes de la obra de Kant, sino más bien confrontarlo con la afirmación que hace Kant en el §23 -y en otros lugares de la obra- acerca de la unidad de la facultad de juzgar y su principio legislativo. Si atendemos a esta señal puede que se abra un camino complementario al anterior, que nos brinde otro acceso a la doble constitución de la facultad de juzgar, doble por partida doble: como estética y teleológica; como reflexionante y determinante. En este trabajo sólo nos detendremos en las relaciones entre las dos primeras propiedades y el modo de su pertenencia a una misma facultad.
A Noção de Responsabilidade na Filosofia Moral Kantiana
Authors: FIDALGO DA SILVA Cláudia Maria
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objectivo investigar as principais considerações kantianas sobre a noção de responsabilidade na sua filosofia moral. O artigo é constituído por três momentos, cujos objectivos são os seguintes: 1) apresentar as principais objecções de Hegel à ética kantiana, presentes nos seus Princípios da filosofia do direito, especialmente no que concerne ao conceito principal a investigar; 2) evidenciar que, ao contrário do que Hegel sugere, a responsabilidade pelos nossos actos tem lugar na ética kantiana, nomeadamente por meio das noções de imputação e de consciência moral (aqui partir-se-á de três aspectos principais: a) todo o agente moral possui consciência; b) a consciência é vista como tribunal interno ao homem; c) como tribunal, a consciência dita uma sentença que irá absolver ou condenar o homem); 3) evidenciar o modo como Kant não só considera a responsabilidade perante nós próprios - tal como o ponto anterior sugere - como também perante Deus.
From Crooked Wood to Moral Agency: on Anthropology and Ethics In Kant
Authors: MENSCH Jennifer
Published: July 2020

In this essay I lay out the textual materials surrounding the birth of physical anthropology as a racial science in the eighteenth century with a special focus on the development of Kant's own contributions to the new field. Kant's contributions to natural history demonstrated his commitment to a physical, mental, and moral hierarchy among the races and I will spend some time describing both the advantages he drew from this hierarchy for making sense of the social and political history of inequalitybetween peoples, and the obviously problematic relationship that such views would entail for Kant's universalism as he began to formulate his ethical program in the 1780s. While there is continued scholarly debate regarding the purported moral "turn" made by Kant once he dropped his commitment to a racial hierarchy in the 1790s, what the narrative as a whole reveals is not only the manner by which questions of racial difference defined physical anthropology from its outset, but the easy and uncomplicated manner by which whole member groups of the population could be excluded from lofty pronouncements regarding the "rights of man"-a fact that was as true for Kant in Königsberg, as it was for Jefferson and Hamilton in Philadelphia.
PARTE II
Authors: II PARTE
Published: July 2020

PARTE II
Remarks on “the Only Original Right Belonging to Every Man by Virtue of His Humanity”
Authors: FAGGION Andrea
Published: July 2020

Kant compares a merely empirical doctrine of right to the wooden head in Phaedru’s fable, i. e. a head that has nobrain (MS AA 06: 229). An a priori right may be acquired or innate. According to Kant, there is only one innate right (MS AA 06: 237). That only one innate right is freedom. In that context, freedom means “independence from being constrained by another’s choice” (MS AA 06: 237). As a moral right, such a right implies reciprocity. This being so, it is a right to be held “insofar as it can coexist with the freedom of every other in accordance with a universal law” (MS AA 06: 237). The reason why it is an innate right is that it is a “right belonging to every man by virtue of his humanity” (MS AA 06: 237). This paper aims to clarify a few issues regarding our innate right to freedom. To start with, we need a deeper understanding of the meaning of freedom as independence from being constrained by another’s choice. I will claim that such an independence should be understood as absence from fraudand violence. Following, it is in order to analyze the condition according to which freedom is a right: coexistence with the freedom of every other in accord with a universal law. I will claim that such a condition does not imply political authority. Finally, we have to handle the connection between the innate right to freedom and our humanity. I will claim that the innate right to freedomcannot be disconnected from the second formula of the categorical imperative.
Freedom of the Press: a Kantian Approach
Authors: KLEIN Joel Thiago
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an interpretation of the Kantian concepts of public and private use of reason in relation to the topic of the legitimacy of freedom of the press. In this case, I intend not only an interpretation of the Kantian texts but also an update of Kantian philosophy in a sense that tries to recontextualize some arguments and concepts for thinking about the modern question of freedom of the press in democratic societies.
The Imagination in Kant’s Philosophy and Some Related Questions
Authors: CALÁBRIA Olavo
Published: July 2020

By means of an interpretation we have recently elaborated about the Kantian conception of the faculty of imagination, was obtained with the decisive aid of the Anthropology in a pragmatic point of view (1798), which determines theplace it occupies in the set of mental capacities, identifies the tasks and functions that it can achieve and registers the types of operations it performs, as well as the products it offers in different fields of his philosophy, and we show how this idea can support cogent solutions to problems frequently identified in transcendental idealism, as the reason for Kant have wrote two versions of the Deduction of the categories, the motivation and consequences of the distinction between two types of objects for us (the appearances [Erscheinungen] and the phenomena [Phaenomena]), the relationship between the triple synthesis (KrV-A) and three sensible authorship capacities (Anthropology), the meaning of “blind intuitions” (KrV: A51/B75) and its relationship with some kinds of view, the distinction between the “knowing” [kennen] of the animals and human knowledge [Erkenntnis], some basic aspects of the doctrine of schematism involved in the constitution of objects of experience (nature), and the roles played by the imagination in the theoretic and aesthetic domains.
Fortschritt zum Besseren oder Zukunft einer Illusion? Freud und Kant als Aufklärer.
Authors: RUFFING Margit
Published: July 2020

Auch wenn Kants Forderung nach einer Anthropologie der apriorischen Vernunft und Freuds empirisch verfahrende psychoanalytische Erklärung des menschlichen Bewusstseins einander zu widersprechen scheinen, lässt sich in den Moralauffassungen des Begründers der Psychoanalyse und des kritischen Transzendentalphilosophen eine bedeutende Gemeinsamkeit feststellen: Freuds erklärtes Ziel der Aufhebung des pathologischen Symptoms „Moralität“ ähnelt Kants aufklärerischer Kritik am Kultus historischer Religionen, beide kritischen Denker haben das Anliegen, ein aufgeklärtes Selbstverständnis des Menschen zu fördern. Im Folgenden sollen einige Reflexionen präsentiert werden, die Argumente für das kontinuierliche Erfordernis von Aufklärung darstellen, wobei die trennenden Perspektiven auf die jeweiligen Auffassungen vonKultur und Fortschritt zu berücksichtigen sind.
A Forma e o Sentimento do Mundo, Jogo, humor e arte de viver na filosofia do século XVIII, de Márcio Suzuki. Editora 34, 2014.
Authors: BARROS Márcio Benchimol
Published: July 2020

Diversas são as razões que contribuem para a originalidade de A Forma e o Sentimento do Mundo, alentada obra de Márcio Suzuki recentemente publicada pela editora 34, bem como para o interesse que o volume já começa a despertar na comunidade filosófica do país. Dentre elas, porém, gostaria de destacar primeiramente o caráter não usual, pelo menos em âmbito nacional, tanto dos temas tratados quanto do percurso eleito pelo autor para tratá-los.
HUBUNGAN OBESITAS DAN POLA AKTIVITAS DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS III DENPASAR UTARA
Authors: Damayanti Sri , Oktaviani Wiwik , Mirayanti Ayu
Published: July 2020

Hipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan yang menyerang usia produktif dari umr 35 – 60 tahun yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Faktor kemunculan hipertensi ada dua faktor yaitu faktor yang dapat dikontrol dan tidak dapat dikontrol misalnya obesitas dan aktivitas fisik. Tekanan darah tinggi tidak bisa disembuhkan tetapi bisa dikontrol dengan cara pencegahan primer dan pencegahan sekunder. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang hubungan antara obesitas dan pola aktivitas dengan hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas III Denpasar Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriftif korelasional dengan pendekatan cros sectional dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel non probability sampling dengan tehnik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji rank spearman. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan r hitung = 0,426 dan p-value= 0,001 atau p≤0,05. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan bahwa r hitung = -0,421 dan p-value = 0,001 atau p≤0,05. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara obesitas dan pola aktivitas dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja puskesmas III denpasar utara, oleh karena itu diharapkan kepada tenaga medis khususnya keperawatan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan khususnya program promotif dan preventif serta penyuluhan mengenai faktor-faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hipertensi.