bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of low ferritin without anaemia in screen‐detected, adult coeliac disease patients
Authors: Repo Marleena , Kurppa Kalle , Huhtala Heini , Luostarinen Liisa , Kaukinen Katri , Kivelä Laura
Published: August 2022

Background

Low ferritin without anaemia has been linked to adverse health effects.

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of low ferritin in screen‐detected coeliac disease.

Methods

Seventy‐six screen‐detected coeliac disease patients were enrolled in the prospective collection of comprehensive clinical, laboratory and histological data at diagnosis and after 1–2 years on a gluten‐free diet (GFD). All variables were compared between patients with different ferritin levels.

Results

At coeliac disease diagnosis, six patients had anaemia. Of the 70 nonanaemic patients, ferritin levels were <15 μg/L in 21%, 15–29 μg/L in 19%, 30–99 μg/L in 36% and ≥100 μg/L in 24%. Those with lower ferritin were more often females, had lower body mass index, haemoglobin and villous height–crypt depth ratio and also had higher intra‐epithelial lymphocyte CD3+ levels in duodenal biopsies. The groups did not differ in neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms, health‐related quality of life, bone mineral density, liver values, vitamin, albumin or coeliac autoantibody levels or the prevalence of comorbidities. Median ferritin levels increased from 41.5 μg/L to 86.0 μg/L on GFD (p < 0.001). Ferritin remained <30 μg/L in 21% of patients but was not associated with dietary compliance, nor was any correlation between changes in ferritin and quality of life, gastrointestinal symptoms, autoantibody levels or degree of histological damage detected.

Conclusion

Decreased ferritin is a frequent finding in screen‐detected coeliac disease and may not be fully restored on a GFD. However, low ferritin levels are not associated with more severe symptoms or poorer quality of life.
Factors important in the correct evaluation of oral high‐risk lesions during the telehealth era
Authors: Czerninski Rakefet , Mordekovich Netanel , Basile John
Published: August 2022

Background

Considering that early detection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) improves prognosis and clinical examination is the primary detection method, we identified factors related to the clinical evaluation of oral mucosal lesions. Due to the growing role of telehealth, our study was based on clinical image evaluation.

Subjects and Methods

Oral medicine specialists and dental students evaluated six images of benign, potentially malignant, or SCC lesions (18 images in total). We analyzed the role of personal factors of the examiners and the visual pathological features of the lesion upon which the participants based their evaluation.

Results

One hundred thirty‐three subjects participated. Half of the benign images were correctly evaluated. On average 1.2 (±SD1.3) cancer pictures were recognized correctly and 3.66 (±SD1.42) images were considered potentially malignant. Potentially malignant lesions were correctly evaluated at an average of 4.08 (±SD1.48) images. For cancer and potentially malignant lesion images, there were significantly better results among clinicians with the worst results from the fourth‐year students. Student results correlated significantly with years of study, number of weeks spent in the oral medicine clinic, and interest in oral pathology. Consideration of lesion irregularity yielded a correct diagnosis, whereas wrong answers were based on color changes. Lesion size and margins were considered equally important.

Conclusions

Using clinical images as part of the diagnostic process provides good results, though increased clinical experience for graduates and undergraduates may be necessary to improve accuracy. Therefore, emphasizing the important visual parameters of malignancy may be valuable in the current telehealth era.
Influence of the layer thickness on the flexural strength of aged and nonaged additively manufactured interim dental material
Authors: Scherer Michael , Al‐Haj Husain Nadin , Barmak Abdul B. , Kois John C. , Özcan Mutlu , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To measure the flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of aged and nonaged printed interim dental material fabricated with different layer thickness.

Material and methods

Bars (25×2×2 mm) were additively fabricated by using a polymer printer (Asiga Max) and an interim resin (Nexdent C&B MFH). Specimens were fabricated with the same printing parameters and postprocessing procedures, but with 7 different layer thickness: 50 (control or 50‐G group), 10 (10‐G group), 25 (25‐G group), 75 (75‐G group), 100 (100‐G group), 125 (125‐G group), and 150 μm (150‐G group). Two subgroups were created: nonaged and aged subgroups (n = 10). A universal testing machine was selected to measure flexural strength. Two‐parameter Weibull distribution values were computed. Two‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were selected for statistical evaluation of the data (α = 0.05).

Results

Artificial aging methods (p < 0.001) were a significant predictor of the flexural strength computed. Aged specimens acquired less flexural strength than nonaged specimens. The Weibull distribution obtained the highest shape for nonaged 50‐G and 75‐G group specimens compared with those of other nonaged groups, while the Weibull distribution showed the highest shape for aged 125‐G specimens.

Conclusions

The flexural strength of the additively fabricated interim material examined was not influenced by the layer thickness at which the specimens were fabricated; however, artificial aging techniques reduced its flexural strength. Aged specimens presented lower Weibull distribution values compared with nonaged specimens, except for the 125‐G specimens.
Clinical application of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique in emergency treatment of children's facial trauma
Authors: Zhang Jianfei , Han Pengpeng , Yuan Hui , Tang Yujun , Xiao Xia
Published: August 2022

Aim

To explore the effect of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique on scar inhibition after emergency facial trauma in children, and to explore the application value of absorbable collagen thread in emergency facial trauma.

Methods

Children who received emergency treatment of facial trauma in plastic surgery department from January 2021 to January 2022 were analysed retrospectively, and were divided into absorbable collagen thread group and non‐absorbable nylon thread group. The general data, scar appearance and local symptoms of the two groups were analysed, and the scar appearance was scored by scar beauty rating scale and non‐inferiority test was analysed statistically.

Results

A total of 632 children with facial trauma were included in this study, including 458 patients with absorbable collagen thread and 174 patients with non‐absorbable nylon thread. The SCAR score of the absorbable collagen thread group (3.03 ± 1.57) was similar to that of the non‐absorbable nylon thread group (2.98 ± 2.39) (95% confidence interval), and the final scar outcome score was not statistically different (P > 0.05). All families of the patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure, 95% very satisfied.

Conclusion

The use of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique to treat the wounds of children with facial emergency trauma, resulted in good wound healing, little scar expansion, low incidence of erythema and pigment abnormality, no obvious surgical trace, and no scar hypertrophy or atrophy. The overall impression was good, the pain of stitch removal was avoided for children's patients, and the satisfaction of family members was high. Cosmetic suture technique with absorbable sutures is worthy of clinical application.
A cross‐sectional study of hepatitis C prevalence and correlates among persons who inject drugs in rural and non‐rural communities
Authors: Barranco Meredith A. , Rosenberg Eli S. , Flanigan Colleen , Shufelt Sarah , Bruce Emily M. , Wilberschied Larissa A. , Parker Monica M. , Duncan Eliana , Udo Tomoko
Published: August 2022

Persons who inject drugs (PWID) have been experiencing a higher burden of new hepatitis C (HCV) due to the opioid epidemic. The greatest increases in injection have been in rural communities. However, less is known about the prevalence of HCV or its risk factors in rural compared to non‐rural communities. This study compared HCV infection history, current infection, and associated behavioural and sociodemographic correlates among PWID recruited from rural and non‐rural communities from Upstate New York (NY). This cross‐sectional study recruited 309 PWID, using respondent‐driven sampling. Blood samples were collected through finger stick for HCV antibody and RNA tests. A survey was also self‐administered for HCV infection history, sociodemographics and behavioural correlates to compare by setting rurality. HCV seropositivity was significantly higher among PWID from rural than non‐rural communities (71.0% vs. 46.8%), as was current infection (41.4% vs. 25.9%). High levels of past year syringe (44.4%) and equipment (62.2%) sharing were reported. Factors associated with infection history include syringe service program utilization, non‐Hispanic white race, sharing needles and methamphetamine injection, which was higher in rural vs. non‐rural communities (38.5% vs. 15.5%). HCV burden among PWID appears higher in rural than non‐rural communities and may be increasing possibly due to greater levels of methamphetamine injection. On‐going systematic surveillance of HCV prevalence and correlates is crucial to respond to the changing opioid epidemic landscape. Additionally, improving access to harm reduction services, especially with special focus on stimulants, may be important to reduce HCV prevalence among PWID in rural settings.
Immigration detention as a routine police measure: Discretionary powers in preemptive detention of noncitizens in Finland
Authors: Könönen Jukka
Published: August 2022

This article discusses how administrative practices shape immigration detention policies, addressing both administrative discretion in detention orders and their judicial supervision. Due to vaguely formulated legal criteria and ineffective ex-post judicial supervision, the authorities have considerable discretionary powers in ordering detentions for noncompliant and criminalized noncitizens. Instead of being a measure of last resort, immigration detention is used in a routine manner, with little individual assessment, for the enforcement of removals and the prevention of irregular migration, as well as extensively for crime prevention. The findings demonstrate the role of the police as the main actor in the detention system in Finland, with significant implications for the formation of detention policies.
How to not have to know: Legal technicalities and flagrant criminal offenses in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Araya-Moreno Javiera
Published: August 2022

Drawing on ethnographic data gathered in lower criminal courts and in one unit of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Santiago, Chile, I explore the way in which criminal offenses considered flagrant are treated by the Chilean criminal justice system. Citing the literature on legal technicalities, I describe how flagrant criminal offenses are constructed through practices that make it possible for the actors involved to avoid directly referring to the alleged facts. From their identification on the streets by police officers to their reassignment to a different unit of the Public Prosecutor's Office or their adjudication at a criminal court, flagrant criminal offenses are defined by a specific way of approaching the alleged facts, which is translated into specific organizational and documentary practices. The role of these practices contrasts with the apparently marginal role that the detention in flagrante delicto plays in the mechanics of criminal law. As a technicality, the flagrant character of a criminal offense conveys certain epistemological assumptions about how to determine what happened and what exactly constitutes the criminal offense. More specifically, it conveys assumptions about what cannot, for the moment, be known and that can, therefore, be ignored throughout the bureaucratic and judicial process.
The first main group ureilite with primary plagioclase: A missing link in the differentiation of the ureilite parent body
Authors: Goodrich Cyrena A. , Collinet Max , Treiman Allan , Prissel Tabb C. , Patzek Markus , Ebert Samuel , Jercinovic Michael J. , Bischoff Addi , Pack Andreas , Barrat Jean‐Alix , Decker Stephan
Published: August 2022

MS‐MU‐012, a 15.5 g clast from the Almahata Sitta polymict ureilite, is the first known plagioclase‐bearing main group ureilite. It is a coarse‐grained (up to 4 mm), equilibrated assemblage of 52% olivine (Fo 88), 13% orthopyroxene (Mg# 89.2, Wo 4.5), 11% augite (Mg# 90.2, Wo 37.3), and 14% plagioclase (An 68), plus minor metal and sulfide. The plagioclase grains have been secondarily remelted and internally recrystallized, but retain primary external morphologies. Melt inclusions occur in olivine. Rounded chadocrysts of olivine and orthopyroxene are enclosed in augite grains. In terms of texture, mineralogy, major and minor element mineral compositions, and oxygen isotopes, MS‐MU‐012 is virtually identical to the archetypal Hughes‐type main group ureilites, with the significant addition of primary plagioclase. We conclude that MS‐MU‐012 formed as a cumulate in a common lithologic unit with the Hughes‐type ureilites. Based on reconstructed compositions of melts trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene, and augite in the Hughes‐type samples, we infer that the parent magma of the Hughes unit originated as a late melt in the incremental melting of the ureilite parent body (UPB), near the end of the melting sequence, but was not completely extracted from the mantle like earlier melts and was emplaced in an intrusive body. MELTS calculations indicate that olivine began to crystallize at ~1260 °C, followed shortly thereafter by co‐crystallization of orthopyroxene and augite. Plagioclase began to crystallize at ~1170–1180 °C. Graphite was buoyant in the melt and became heterogeneously distributed in flotation cumulates. Residual silicate liquid was extracted from the cumulate pile and could have crystallized to form the “labradoritic melt lithology” (with plagioclase of An ~68‐35), which is partially preserved as clasts in polymict ureilites. The final equilibration temperature recorded by the Hughes unit was ~1140–1170 °C, just before catastrophic disruption of the UPB. MS‐MU‐012 provides a critical missing link in the differentiation history of this asteroid.
Negotiating or Negotiated Across Worldviews? Understanding Identity and Fostering Responsible Agency
Authors: Lempereur Alain
Published: August 2022

There are three general philosophical conceptions of how worldviews might impact negotiations—we can call them “meta” worldviews. At one extreme, actors negotiate, and are fully in charge; they can bypass any specific or “micro” worldviews they originally hold; they remain free agents in the final analysis. At the other extreme, “micro” worldviews shape protagonists' words and acts to such an extent that, even unbeknownst to them, they are themselves, in effect, being negotiated upon by the worldviews. In between these two poles, both agency and worldviews impact negotiations and influence protagonists on a continuum with various degrees of freedom. If we acknowledge the impact of “micro” worldviews on negotiators, we can study them as a set of interactive components—sociological, psychological, and biological—that mold the identity of an actor or group. This recognition of the impact of “micro” worldviews does not prevent us from offering proactive platforms to reinforce agency. When two people negotiate with each other they can acknowledge, unilaterally and hopefully jointly, how worldviews inhabit and influence each of them, and still dynamically deploy a series of moves to get things done responsibly across their respective worldviews.
The Reliability and Reproducibility of a New Revised Edelson Classification
Authors: Guo Jialiang , Dong Weichong , Zhou Yali , Shang Meishuang , Yang Sifan , Zhang Xiaojuan , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: August 2022

Objective

Edelson classification is a 3D classification of proximal humeral fractures, but there is a scarcity of application of this classification in large samples, and the accuracy of classification was also not testified. The objective of this research was to verify whether a revised Edelson classification produces satisfactory agreement for proximal humeral fracture classification in adult patients.

Methods

A total of 827 proximal humeral fractures (304 male and 520 female patients, 58.0 ± 16.2 years) were found retrospectively from January 2014 to December 2019, and classified according to the traditional and newly proposed Edelson classification. The three‐dimensional CT images were processed, rotated and visualized within software. Five shoulder surgeons classified each fracture. After data collection, radiographic classifications results were compared by inter‐ and intraobserver analysis with the method of weighted kappa coefficients. Fracture classification based on Edelson and revised Edelson classification was presented and compared.

Results

The mean k value for the interobserver reliability was 0.748 (range, 0.583 to 0.958) compared with Edelson classification (0.548, range, 0.48 to 0.635), indicating satisfactory agreement. The mean k value for intraobserver reliability was 0.906 (range, 0.823 to 0.943) compared with Edelson classification (0.762, range, 0.666 to 0.808), indicating excellent agreement when using the newly revised Edelson classification. The mechanism was categorized as the shoulder being in a position of forward flexion, abduction, and internal rotation in Edelson I‐IV and bicipital fractures. For the greater tuberosity fracture, the mechanism was classified into two mechanisms based on the presence of a combined dislocation. Bicipital groove fracture is a commonly observed fracture pattern, and included in the revised Edelson classification.

Conclusions

The revised Edelson classification proposed was more in line with the injury mechanism of the fracture, was beneficial in identifying more fracture types such as bicipital groove fracture, and verified to be a good proximal humeral fracture classification with good reliability compared with the traditional Edelson classification.
Reconsidering Bellwether Locations in U.S. Presidential Elections
Authors: Gimpel James G. , Reeves Andrew , Trende Sean
Published: August 2022

We examine the notion of a “bellwether” location in the electoral political context. Bellwethers are thought to have predictive power because they supposedly signal how the entire electorate will move on election day. We consider how the number of bellwether counties—defined in several ways—has fluctuated since the 1930s. We also explore the extent to which bellwethers successfully predict future elections. With the proliferation of geographic polarization, few counties can successively and successfully pick the winner of presidential elections. Other bellwether measures fare slightly better or worse, but as Tufte and Sun (1975) found nearly half a century ago, bellwethers today continue to be poor predictors of future performance.
Cues and categories: Revisiting paths to racial phenotypicality bias
Authors: Maddox Keith B. , Perry Jennifer M. , Pagan Jeremy
Published: August 2022

We conducted a targeted review of the literature exploring racial phenotypicality bias (RPB): perceivers' sensitivity to within‐race variation in facial target features in perceptions and judgment of others. This review revealed evidence that two distinct mechanisms underlying these effects, categorical and featural, tend to be conflated in the literature. The categorical route suggests that the pathway from target cues to stereotype application is mediated by category activation. The featural route suggests that the pathway from target cues to stereotype application is direct, bypassing category activation. The categorical route is more closely represented when researchers discuss RPB, and more often of empirical focus. With a focus on research exploring RPB toward African American people, we explain the two routes and evidence supporting their distinction. We next offer evidence estimating the degree to which they may be conflated in the empirical literature and discuss limitations to our approach. Next, we describe some potential implications of this conflation for theory, research, and applications concerning RPB. Finally, we end with some recommendations for future empirical research.
Pacific artistic communities in Australia: Gaining visibility in the art world
Authors: Le Roux Géraldine
Published: August 2022

This article shows that although Pacific arts began to be largely recognised in Australia in the 1990s, Pacific artists based in Australia remained mostly invisible in the contemporary art scene until the mid‐2000s. I aim to demonstrate how Pacific artists and curators—who in some cases collaborated with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists and curators—have made visible myriad Pacific identities and social trajectories in Australian cities. Exhibitions reveal and highlight multiple experiences of Pacific people residing in Australia, for whom Pacific cultures are partly mediated by the experiences of their relatives, popularised by museum collections and coloured by the gaze of non‐Pacific people. This article is built around two cultural events that have not previously received scholarly attention, a group show curated in Sydney by Māori artist and cultural worker Keren Ruki and a triennial in Brisbane imagined and organised by Bundjalung Yugambeh (Aboriginal Australian) artist and curator Jenny Fraser. It addresses how narratives in the 2000s were often connected to objectives of empowerment and the necessity to build a future for Pacific peoples in Australian society.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQA1*01:89 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Bianculli Antonio Giuseppe , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: August 2022

HLA‐DQA1*01:89 differs from HLA‐DQA1*01:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon −5 in exon 1.
Evolution of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Framework for Autonomous Robotics—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pal Sabita , Gupta Smriti , Das Niva , Ghosh Kuntal
Published: August 2022

Autonomous robotics plays a pivotal role to simplify human–machine interaction while meeting the current industrial demands. In that process, machine intelligence plays a dominant role during the decision making in the operational state-space. Primarily, this decision making and control mechanism relies on sensing and actuation. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is the most advanced technique that facilitates both sensing and actuation to achieve autonomy for robots. This work aims to collate multidimensional aspects of simultaneous localization and mapping techniques primarily in the purview of both deterministic and probabilistic frameworks. This investigation on SLAM classification is further elaborated into different categories such as feature-based SLAM and optimization-based SLAM. In this work, the chronological evolution of the SLAM technique develops a comprehensive understanding among the concerned research community.
Do Fans Care About the Activist Athlete? A Closer Look at Athlete Activism Effect on Brand Image
Authors: Brown Sarah M. , Brison Natasha T. , Bennett Gregg , Brown Katie M.
Published: August 2022

U.S. professional athletes increasingly have engaged in athlete activism. Such actions have elicited a wide range of responses from sport fans, calling into question whether an athlete’s activism can impact their brand image. This research explored whether attitudes toward athlete activism, activism message, activism communication style, or fan identification level affect an activist athlete’s brand image. This research utilized a 2 × 2 experimental design of activism type (safe vs. risky) and activism effort (high vs. low). A focus group determined both activism effort and activism type. Activism type did not significantly affect fans’ perception of athlete brand image, but perceived athlete attractiveness decreased when the athlete engaged in risky activism. Individuals’ attitudes toward athlete activism significantly influenced their perception of an activist athlete’s brand image. This paper fulfills an identified need to understand the effects of athlete activism on the athlete’s own brand.
Association Between Knee Extension Strength at 3 and 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Mitomo Sho , Aizawa Junya , Hirohata Kenji , Ohji Shunsuke , Ohmi Takehiro , Ohara Toshiyuki , Koga Hideyuki , Yagishita Kazuyoshi
Published: August 2022

Context: Deficits in knee extension strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have been a major problem. The inadequate recovery of the knee extension strength of surgical limb reportedly delays return to sports and increases reinjury risk. Accordingly, the early detection of knee extension strength deficits after reconstruction may help plan early interventions to manage impairment. This study aimed to clarify the association between knee extension strength at 3 and 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Design: Retrospective study. Methods: Fifty patients who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring grafts were included. At 3 months postoperatively, the limb symmetry index (LSI) of isokinetic knee extension strength (IKE) at 60°/s, degree of swelling, passive range of motion of knee flexion and extension, and anterior leg reach distance were measured. At 6 months postoperatively, the LSI of IKE was measured at 60°/s, which was used as the main outcome. A correlation analysis was performed with the LSI of IKE at 6 months postoperatively as the dependent variable and the LSI of IKE at 3 months postoperatively as the independent variable. Subsequently, a multiple regression analysis was performed, with LSI of IKE at 6 months postoperatively as the dependent variable; LSI of IKE at 3 months postoperatively as the independent variable; and other variables, demographic information, and surgical data as covariates. Results: The correlation analysis revealed that the LSIs of IKE at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were correlated (r = .535, P < .001). In the multiple regression analysis, the LSI of IKE at 3 months postoperatively was significantly associated with that at 6 months postoperatively, even when other variables were included as covariates (R2 = .349, P = .004). Conclusion: Asymmetry of knee extension strength at 3 months postoperatively could be more useful than other variables related to knee strength in predicting the asymmetry of knee extension strength at 6 months postoperatively.
Why we do what we do
Dancing Cockatoos and the Dead Man Test
Marlene Zuk
Norton, 2022. 352 pp.
Authors: Dunn Rob
Published: August 2022

From regenerating sea slugs to self-medicating sheep, a biologist probes the origins and evolution of behavior
Ordinary computer matches Google’s quantum computer
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: August 2022

High-profile claim of “quantum supremacy” fades
Superior Efficacy of a TBI-166, Bedaquiline, and Pyrazinamide Combination Regimen in a Murine Model of Tuberculosis
Authors: Ding Yangming , Zhu Hui , Fu Lei , Zhang Weiyan , Wang Bin , Guo Shaochen , Chen Xi , Wang Ning , Liu Haiting , Lu Yu
Published: August 2022

TBI-166, derived from riminophenazine analogues, shows more potent anti-TB activity than clofazimine and is being assessed against tuberculosis (TB) in a phase IIa clinical trial in China. Preclinical regimen studies containing TBI-166 will support the phase IIb clinical trials of TBI-166.
Structural Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Identifies a Broad-Spectrum Antibody That Neutralizes the Omicron Variant by Disassembling the Spike Trimer
Authors: Zhan Wuqiang , Tian Xiaolong , Zhang Xiang , Xing Shenghui , Song Wenping , Liu Qianying , Hao Aihua , Hu Yuxia , Zhang Meng , Ying Tianlei , Chen Zhenguo , Lan Fei , Sun Lei
Published: August 2022

The emergence of the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2 caused higher immune escape, raising unprecedented concerns about the effectiveness of antibody therapies and vaccines. In this study, we identified a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, 553-49, which neutralizes all variants by targeting a completely conserved novel epitope.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Cluster P Mycobacteriophage Phegasus
Authors: Howell Abigail A. , Versoza Cyril J. , Cerna Gabriella , Johnston Tyler , Kakde Shriya , Karuku Keith , Kowal Maria , Monahan Jasmine , Murray Jillian , Nguyen Teresa , Sanchez Carreon Aurely , Song Elizabeth , Streiff Abigail , Su Blake , Youkhana Faith , Munig Saige , Patel Zeel , So Minerva , Sy Makena , Weiss Sarah , Zhou Yang , Pfeifer Susanne P.
Published: August 2022

We characterized the complete genome of the cluster P mycobacteriophage Phegasus. Its 47.5-kb genome contains 81 protein-coding genes, 36 of which could be assigned a putative function. Phegasus is most closely related to two subcluster P1 bacteriophages, Mangethe and Majeke, with an average nucleotide identity of 99.63% each.
Metabolism in the Niche: a Large-Scale Genome-Based Survey Reveals Inositol Utilization To Be Widespread among Soil, Commensal, and Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Weber Michael , Fuchs Thilo M.
Published: August 2022

This study reveals that the capacity to utilize inositol is unexpectedly widespread among soil, commensal, and pathogenic bacteria. We assume that this yet-neglected metabolism plays a pivotal role in the microbial turnover of phytate and inositols. The bioinformatic tool established here enables predicting to which extent and genetic variance a bacterial determinant is present in all genomes sequenced so far.
Supplemental Material: Geological architecture and history of the Antigua volcano and carbonate platform: Was there an Oligo–Miocene lull in Lesser Antilles arc magmatism?
Authors: Liu Lei , Guan Hongxiang , Wu Nengyou , al. et
Published: August 2022

Figure S1: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of hydrocarbon fractions of samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Figure S2: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of alcohol fractions from samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Figure S3: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of carboxylic acid fractions of samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Table S1: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of hydrocarbons from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S2: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of alcohols from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S3: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S4: The contents of selected major elements, trace elements and enrichment factors of the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates in this study.
Supplemental Material: Tephrochronology of the Miocene Monterey and Modelo Formations, California
Authors: Knott Jeffrey , al. et
Published: August 2022

Tephrochronology of the Miocene Monterey and Modelo Formations, California 
Factors influencing adults who participate in a physical activity coaching intervention: a theoretically informed qualitative study
Authors: Barrett Stephen , Begg Stephen , O'Halloran Paul , Breckon Jeff , Rodda Kane , Barrett Gabrielle , Kingsley Michael
Published: August 2022

Objective

Behaviour change interventions targeting changes in physical activity (PA) can benefit by examining the underlying mechanisms that promote change. This study explored the use of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to code and contextualise the experiences of participants who completed a PA coaching intervention underpinned by motivational interviewing and cognitive–behavioural therapy.

Design

Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants.

Setting

Interviews were conducted in a tertiary hospital in regional Victoria, Australia.

Participants

Eighteen participants who completed a PA coaching intervention were interviewed. The participants were recruited into the coaching intervention because they were insufficiently physically active at the time of recruitment.

Results

Thirteen (72%) participants were women and the average age of participants was 54 (±5) years. Four participant themes mapped directly onto five components of the COM-B model, and ten of the TDF domains. Increases in PA were influenced by changes in motivation and psychological capability. The autonomy-supportive PA coaching intervention helped to evoke participants’ own reasons (and motives) for change and influenced PA behaviours. Participants reflected on their own social and/or professional strengths, and used these skills to set appropriate PA goals and action plans. The structure of the PA coaching intervention provided clarity on session determinants and a framework from which to set an appropriate agenda. Relational components (eg, non-judgemental listening, collaboration) were continually highlighted as influential for change, and should be considered in future behaviour change intervention design.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the beneficial effect of using theory-informed behaviour change techniques, and delivering them in a style that promotes autonomy and relatedness. The views of participants should be a key consideration in the design and implementation of PA coaching interventions

Trial registration number

ACTRN12619000036112. Post-results analysis.
Study protocol of a non-randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the F@ce 2.0 programme: a person-centred, ICT-supported and interdisciplinary rehabilitation intervention after stroke
Authors: Eriksson Gunilla , Tistad Malin , Elf Marie , Fors Uno , von Koch Lena , Ytterberg Charlotte , Guidetti Susanne
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Knowledge is missing on use of information and communication technology (ICT), for example, mobile phones/tablets in rehabilitation after stroke. F@ce 2.0 is a person-centred, interdisciplinary intervention supported by ICT. The components of F@ce 2.0 intend to increase performance in daily activities and participation in everyday life for patients with stroke and their significant others. Based on previous feasibility studies, a full-scale evaluation is planned in Sweden. The aim is to implement and evaluate F@ce 2.0, regarding performance of daily activities and participation in everyday life, in comparison with ordinary rehabilitation among persons who have had stroke and significant others. Second, to increase knowledge about how the programme leads to a potential change by studying the implementation process and mechanisms of impact.

Methods and analysis

Twelve rehabilitation teams (intervention n=7; control n=5) will recruit patients (n=160) who receive rehabilitation at home after stroke and their significant others. F@ce 2.0 is an 8-week intervention where patients, together with the team, formulate three activity goals regarding what they need and want to do in daily lives. The patients will receive short messages service (SMS) each morning reminding about goals, and in the evening to rate their performance during the day. Primary outcomes for patients: self-efficacy measured by the Self-Efficacy Scale; perceived performance in daily activities measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Significant others: perceived caregiver burden measured by Caregiver Burden Scale. Qualitative interviews with team members delivering, patients receiving intervention and significant others will explore experiences of F@ce 2.0. A process evaluation applying a case-study design using mixed methods will be conducted.

Ethics and dissemination

Approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, Stockholm. Knowledge will be created for using ICT for rehabilitation of people after stroke in self-selected activities. Dissemination will include peer-reviewed publications, presentations at conferences, and information to stakeholders.

Trial registration number details

NCT04351178.
Are psychosocial variables, sleep characteristics or central pain processing prognostic factors for outcome following rotator cuff repair? A protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Schwank Ariane , Struyf Thomas , Struyf Filip , Blazey Paul , Mertens Michel , Gisi David , Pisan Markus , Meeus Mira
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Prognosis following surgical rotator cuff repair (RCR) is often established through the assessment of non-modifiable biomedical factors such as tear size. This understates the complex nature of recovery following RCR. There is a need to identify modifiable psychosocial and sleep-related variables, and to find out whether changes in central pain processing influence prognosis after RCR. This will improve our knowledge on how to optimise recovery, using a holistic rehabilitation approach.

Methods and analysis

This longitudinal study will analyse 141 participants undergoing usual care for first time RCR. Data will be collected 1–21 days preoperatively (T1), then 11–14 weeks (T2) and 12–14 months (T3) postoperatively. We will use mixed-effects linear regression to assess relationships between potential prognostic factors and our primary and secondary outcome measures—the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index; the Constant-Murley Score; the Subjective Shoulder Value; Maximal Pain (Numeric Rating Scale); and Quality of Life (European Quality of Life, 5 dimensions, 5 levels). Potential prognostic factors include: four psychosocial variables; pain catastrophising, perceived stress, injury perceptions and patients’ expectations for RCR; sleep; and four factors related to central pain processing (central sensitisation inventory, temporal summation, cold hyperalgesia and pressure pain threshold). Intercorrelations will be assessed to determine the strength of relationships between all potential prognostic indicators.

Our aim is to explore whether modifiable psychosocial factors, sleep-related variables and altered central pain processing are associated with outcomes pre-RCR and post-RCR and to identify them as potential prognostic factors.

Ethics and dissemination

The results of the study will be disseminated at conferences such as the European Pain Congress. One or more manuscripts will be published in a peer-reviewed SCI-ranked journal. Findings will be reported in accordance with the STROBE statement and PROGRESS framework. Ethical approval is granted by the Ethical commission of Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, No: ID_2018-02089

Trial registration number

NCT04946149.
Efficacy and safety of different modes of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation delivery for patients with heart failure: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Lingjun , Wan Ruixuan , Li Bohan , Huang XuHui , Xu Yaning , Wu Kaisong , Xu Jie , Lu Yan
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces mortality and further improves the prognosis of patients with HF. However, the effect of different modes of CR delivery on HF remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out the relative efficacy and safety of different modes of CR delivery for individuals with HF using a network meta-analysis.

Methods and analysis

We will perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials which compare different modes of exercise-based CR delivery for patients with HF. Databases including Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science will be searched up to May 2022. The primary outcomes will focus on the functional capacity and the health-related quality of life (hr-QOL). Functional capacity will be evaluated by peak oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min) and 6 min walking test (metres). The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire, Short Form-36, Psychometric properties of the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire and EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire will serve as measures of hr-QOL. As secondary outcomes, we will assess hospital admissions (all-cause and cardiac) and all-cause mortality, which required a minimum follow-up of 6 months, as well as adverse events during exercise training. The risk of bias for individual studies will be evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. The quality of evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Ethics and dissemination

This study does not require ethics approval as it is based on published trials. Results of this systematic review and network meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for future publication.

Trial registration number

CRD42021278351.
Impact of a standardised rapid response system on clinical outcomes of female patients: an interrupted time series approach
Authors: Chen Jack , Ou Lixin , Hillman Ken , Parr Michael , Flabouris Arthas , Green Malcolm
Published: August 2022

Background

This study aimed to assess the impact of a standardised rapid response systems (the Between the Flags (BTF)) implemented across New South Wales (NSW), Australia, among female patients.

Methods

We conducted an interrupted time series (2007–2013) population-based linkage study including 5 114 170 female patient (≥18 years old) admissions in all 232 public hospitals in NSW. We studied changes in levels and trends of patient outcomes after BTF implementation among four age groups of female patients.

Results

Before the BTF system introduction (2007–2009), for the female patients as a whole, there was a progressive decrease in rates of in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (IHCA), IHCA-related mortality and hospital mortality for female patients. However, there were no changes in deaths in low-mortality diagnostic-related groups (DLMDRGs), IHCA survival to discharge and 1-year post-discharge mortality after surviving an IHCA. Only the female patients aged 55 years and older showed the same results as the whole sample. After the BTF programme (2010–2013), the same trends (except for DLMDRG) continued for female patients as a whole and for those aged 55 years or older. There was a significant reduction in DLMDRG among female patients aged 35–54 years (p<0.001), those aged 75 years and over (p<0.05) and female patients as a whole (p<0.05). The decreasing secular trend of surviving an IHCA to hospital discharge before the BTF system (p<0.05) among patients aged 18–34 years old was reversed after the BTF implementation (p<0.01).

Conclusions

For female patients the BTF programme introduction was associated with continued reductions in the rates of IHCA, IHCA-related mortality and hospital mortality, as well as a new reduction in DLMDRG for 35–54 years old patients and those aged 75 years and older, and increased survival for those aged 18–34 years who had suffered an IHCA.
Public attitudes about equitable COVID-19 vaccine allocation: a randomised experiment of race-based versus novel place-based frames
Authors: Schmidt Harald , Shaikh Sonia Jawaid , Sadecki Emily , Buttenheim Alison , Gollust Sarah
Published: August 2022

Equity was—and is—central in the US policy response to COVID-19, given its disproportionate impact on disadvantaged communities of colour. In an unprecedented turn, the majority of US states used place-based disadvantage indices to promote equity in vaccine allocation (eg, through larger vaccine shares for more disadvantaged areas and people of colour).

We conducted a nationally representative survey experiment (n=2003) in April 2021 (before all US residents had become vaccine eligible), that examined respondents’ perceptions of the acceptability of disadvantage indices relative to two ways of prioritising racial and ethnic groups more directly, and assessed the role of framing and expert anchors in shaping perceptions.

A majority of respondents supported the use of disadvantage indices, and one-fifth opposed any of the three equity-promoting plans. Differences in support and opposition were identified by respondents’ political party affiliation. Providing a numerical anchor (that indicated expert recommendations and states’ actual practices in reserving a proportion of allocations for prioritised groups) led respondents to prefer a lower distribution of reserved vaccine allocations compared with the randomised condition without this anchor, and the effect of the anchor differed across the frames.

Our findings support ongoing uses of disadvantage indices in vaccine allocation, and, by extension, in allocating tests, masks or treatments, especially when supply cannot meet demand. The findings can also inform US allocation frameworks in future pandemic planning, and could provide lessons on how to promote equity in clinical and public health outside of the pandemic setting.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol and drug use comorbidity at 25 US level I trauma centers
Authors: Nguyen Jefferson , Whiteside Lauren K , Bulger Eileen M , Veach Laura , Moloney Kathleen , Russo Joan , Nehra Deepika , Wang Jin , Zatzick Douglas F
Published: August 2022

Background

Questions regarding the extent to which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comorbid with alcohol and drug use are particularly germane in an era when the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) is considering policy requiring screening, intervention and/or referral services for patients presenting with psychological sequalae of traumatic injury. Literature review revealed few multisite trauma-center-based investigations that have assessed the association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol and drug use comorbidities in injured patients.

Methods

This investigation was a secondary analysis of baseline data collected prior to randomization in a 25-site trauma center pragmatic clinical trial. All 635 patients included in the investigation had elevated PTSD symptom levels at the time of trauma center admission. Self-report questionnaire screening, laboratory toxicology results, and electronic health record data were combined to assess the frequencies of alcohol, stimulant (i.e., amphetamine and cocaine), opioid and marijuana use comorbidities for injured patients. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between demographic and injury characteristics and alcohol and drug use comorbidity.

Results

The frequency of patients with one or more alcohol or substance use comorbidity was between 62% and 79%. Over 50% of patients were positive for one or more alcohol or cannabis comorbidity. Approximately 26% of patients were positive for stimulants and 10% for opioid comorbidity.

Discussion

This multisite investigation suggests that between 62% and 79% of hospitalized injury survivors with elevated PTSD symptoms have one or more alcohol or drug use comorbidity. Orchestrated ACS-COT policy and trauma center service delivery development should incorporate the key finding that a substantial majority of patients with high levels of psychological distress (eg, elevated PTSD symptoms) may have alcohol and drug use comorbidities.

Level of evidence

Level II (epidemiological investigation of untreated controls from a multisite randomized clinical trial)

Trial registration number

NCT02655354.