bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Method Development and Validation Using RP-HPLC for Cyclosporine (CsA) Formulated in ‘Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles (LCN’S)’: Application in Determining Drug Loading(%DL), Drug Entrapment (%DEE) and Drug Release Profile
Authors: Sushma M , Vikram Hemanth , Jyothi S L , Beeraka Narasimha M , Chandan R S , Tengli Anandkumar
Published: December 2022

Background
Cyclosporine (CsA)is used as an antifungal, immunosuppressant administered orally. But it exhibit poor aqueous solubility due to the presence of lipophilic, cyclic endecapeptide in large fraction, which makes poor permeability across the membranes. So, liquid crystallinenano formulation could enhance the solubility properties. However, to date, there is no analytical method development or validation pertinent to cyclosporine (CsA) as liquid crystalline Nano formulations.
Objective
To develop and validate a simple and quick reverse phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of cyclosporine (CsA) using UV detector. Employ the method to determine drug loading (%DL), drug entrapment efficiency (%DEE) and to quantify drug release samples.
Methods
The mobile phase included acetonitrile and 10Mm ammonium acetate as a buffering media. In the ratio 90:10 (ACN: Ammonium Acetate, pH 4) using Shim-pack GIST C18 (4.6 x 100 mm, 5 µm). Column with flow rate of 0.8ml/min, with column temperature (50 ºC), the eluent detected at 215nm with injection volume 20µl.
Results
The determination of cyclosporine (CsA) was accurate and precise based on the data pertinent to system adaptability, accuracy, linearity, precision, specificity, and robustness. This approach was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The LOD & LOQ found to be 0.12 µg/ml and 0.15µg/ml. According to the approach, the linearity was in the range of 1–64 µg/ml. It has been claimed that cyclosporine (CsA) recovery rates range from 98 to 100%. Because there was no invasion from excipients or mobile phase, the strategy was proven to be accurate. Cyclosporine (CsA) has a run time of around 10 minutes. The calibration curve was accurate. Cyclosporine (CsA) elution time was 4.56 minutes. The accuracy of the system was 98.2% respectively, and the %RSD was less than 2%. The % entrapment efficiency of CsA -LCN was found to be 83.13%. Whereas the % DL for CsA -LCN was found to be 5.90 ± 0.31. Drug release profile showed a sustained release pattern for CsA -LCN in comparison to pure drug
Conclusion
RP-HPLC method is a sensitive, precise, accurate method for analytical method development and validation specifically for (CsA) in liquid crystalline nanoparticles.
The impact of using UHPFRC in concrete sleepers on the rail fastening system performance
Authors: Ahmed Sayed , Atef Hossam , Husain Mohamed
Published: December 2022

The life span of railways is one of the most important concerns of rail systems, where rail fastening systems play a key role in extending the life span of the railway. The fastener system plays a necessary role in fixing the rail on the sleeper. The fastener system's tasks ensure the process's safety during operation. The quality of the fastener system directly affects the safety performance of trains. In this research, four different types of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) mixtures with two types of steel fiber (50% end-hooked and 50% corrugated) with the same aspect ratio fabricated the pre-stressed concrete sleepers (B70). In addition, the control mix with traditional concrete C50 was tested. From laboratory investigation, this paper clarifies the impact of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete admixture on the pull-out resistance for the fastening system in sleeper B70 and the effect of increasing the amounts of steel fiber on this test.
A study on the prevalence and drug resistance of bloodstream infections in intensive care unit in a children's medical center in eastern China: from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Yang , Wang Yunzhong , Tao Yunzhen , Shao Xuejun , Dai Ling
Published: December 2022

It is important to analyze the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of critically ill children with bloodstream infection (BSI) to help clinicians choose the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for clinical infection control. In the study, 281 critically ill children with BSI were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 328 strains were detected, including gram-positive bacteria (223, 67.99%), mainly including coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), gram-negative bacteria (91, 27.74%), fungi (14, 4.27%). There were 243 cases of single pathogen infection and 38 cases of mixed pathogen infection. Mixed infection can prolong the hospitalization time of patients. There were significant differences between the death group and the survival group in age, lengths of hospital stay, types of pathogenic bacteria and basic diseases (P<0.05). Compared with CNS, Staphylococcus aureus had lower resistance rates to some β-lactamides and sulfonamides antibiotics. The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to macrolide was more than 95%. Enterococcus faecium had a high resistance rate to penicillin. Compared with Escherichia coli, the proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was higher producing by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and its resistance to some β-lactamides, quinolones antibiotics were lower. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to various antibiotics were higher than 75%, but the resistance rates to levofloxacin and minocycline were low. Pseudomonas aeruginosawas 100% sensitive to some quinolones and aminoglycosides antibiotics. A total of 27 common multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria were detected, among which carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) accounted for the highest proportion (13, 48.15%). CNS was the principal pathogen of BSI in the ICU of children, and Escherichia coli was the most common gram-negative pathogen. Low age group, long or short lengths of hospital stay, gram-positive and negative pathogen infection and serious basic diseases were the risk factors leading to the death of patients. It is necessary to continuously monitor patients with positive blood culture, pay special attention to the detected MDR bacteria, and strengthen the application management of antibiotics and the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.
Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Nabhan Ashraf , Kabra Rita , Kiarie James
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study is to systematically review the impact of demand generation to scale up family planning, the facilitators for and barriers to demand generation activities.

Search methods

We will search the following electronic bibliographic databases (from inception to 15th October 2022): MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Global Index Medicus, World Health Organization. We will also search gray literature using the search engines and websites of relevant organizations. We will hand search citations in included articles. We will contact experts and groups of scientists in the field for relevant reports.

Selection criteria

We will include published and unpublished reports (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) on family planning demand generation strategies. We will include studies conducted in any country, language, and publication date. We will not exclude studies based on methodological limitations.

Data collection and analysis

We will assess abstracts, titles and full-text papers according to the inclusion criteria. We will include reports that met the inclusion criteria. We will extract information, such as country, country's economic status (low-, middle-, or high-income), study type and design. We will extract the demand generation strategies mentioned in each study, the target of the demand generation activity, implementation outcome evaluated in each study, and barriers and facilitators. We will use a deductive thematic synthesis process. We will use GRADE-CERQual to assess our confidence in the findings

Results

This is a protocol of a mixed methods review. The review will include Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed methods primary studies from all countries of all regions whether high or Low-Minddle income countries. We will report the risk of bias in the included studies. We will summarize strategies of scaling-up demand generation for family planning and the barriers and facilitators that influence these strategies.

Discussion

The results of the review will be disseminated and can contribute to the development of guidance and programmatic tools for planning, implementing, and evaluating demand generation interventions in family planning.
Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s Lymphoma: A case report and updated review.
Authors: Pita Olivia Blanco , Hernández Carlos L Pérez , Díaz Leandro Moya
Published: December 2022

Background
Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s lymphomas are uncommon diseases with tendency to affect the facial midline. Theses neoplasms develops an angiocentric grow patron with necrosis. It is endemic to East Asia and Central and South America and is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus.
Case:
Here we present an Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s lymphoma in a 21 years old male presenting fiver, nasal obstruction, weight loss and swelling of the cygomatic arch. Accompanied with tumoural infiltration, destruction of the palate and purulent secretion through the left eye.
Conclusion
Even when Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s lymphoma is an uncommon disease it has an aggressive clinical course with poor prognosis and survival. Thus, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nasal or paranasal swelling.
The effect of strategic marketing on creating competitive advantages of the dairy industry in Kosovo
Authors: Pula Fellanze , Qerimi Arberesha , Qerimi Fidan
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of marketing strategies on creating competitive advantage through strategies such as customized products strategy, pricing strategy, distribution strategy, promotion strategy, and innovation orientation strategy. The study was carried out on the basis of primary data, where part of the quantitative research were 15 categorized dairies, with low capacity (300-3,000 liters per day), with medium capacity (5,000-100,000 liters per day), and with high capacity (over 100,000 liters per day). From these dairies, 150 workers in leadership positions were surveyed, from which the marketing strategy with the greatest impact on creating competitive advantages was identified. Questionnaires were physically distributed and data were processed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26. Based on the multiple regression analysis, it was found that there is a statistically significant correlation that marketing strategies affect the creation of competitive advantage based on the value of R-square = 0.787, where customized products strategy, price strategy, and distribution strategy were found as important strategies. While innovation strategy and promotion strategy left the model due to the increased value of significance p > 0.05. Through this study, the dairy industry receives feedback on the type of strategy that should be used to create a competitive advantage, more so in the specific case where imports are very high and competition is very fierce.
Educação e promoção da saúde no município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brasil
Authors: Preuss Lislei Teresinha , Carvalho Sherryl Cristina
Published: December 2022

Este estudo objetivou identificar as ações de educação e promoção da saúde desenvolvidas pelos profissionais da Atenção Básica do município de Ponta Grossa – PR. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo temática. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de maio de 2019 a abril de 2020. Participaram da pesquisa 12 profissionais que atuavam na atenção básica do referido município. Conclui-se que os profissionais das equipes da atenção básica realizavam, em sua maioria, ações voltadas para a prevenção de doenças destinadas a grupos específicos e que tinham por objetivo intervir na mudança de estilo de vida dos indivíduos. Constatou-se ainda que a educação em saúde é ferramenta utilizada para a operacionalização das ações de promoção da saúde.
Tuning of Data Augmentation Hyperparameters to Covid-19 Detection in X-Ray Images with Deep Learning
Authors: Rici Pedro , Santos Samara Oliveira Silva , Ottoni André Luiz Carvalho
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has been declared in 2020 by the World Health Organization. One of the most relevant aspects of this respiratory disease is the fact that the infection caused by the new coronavirus has a high rate of spread. Thus, rapid and accurate diagnosis can contribute to reducing the transmission rate. In this aspect, in the literature, Deep Learning techniques are studied for application in the detection of this disease through X-ray images of the patient’s lung. However, one of the challenges in this area is the training of Convolutional Neural Network models with a database with few samples. One possibility is the generation of artificial images through Data Augmentation techniques. Thus, the objective of this work is to propose a careful methodology for the tuning of Data Augmentation hyperparameters for the classification of lung X-ray images in Covid-19 detection with Deep Learning. The proposed method consists of analyzing the accuracy of 36 Data Augmentation transformations applied to generate new images for training with balanced and unbalanced database. After the selection of hyperparameters, the classifier system achieved accuracies up to 100% on the testing stage, both for combinations and individual transformations with balanced database. Therefore, it is recommended to use a balanced database with the use of zoom, rotation, brightness in combination or individually, for Covid-19 versus Normal and Covid-19 versus Pneumonia classification.
Application of Machine Learning Tools in the Evaluation of the Risk of Falls in the Elderly: An Integrative Review
Authors: Silva Daniele Alves , Branco Nayra Castelo , Branco Hermes Manoel  Castelo , Barreto Guilherme A.
Published: December 2022

This integrative review seeks to present an overview of the application of machine learning (ML) tools in the assessment of the risk of falls in the elderly. We searched the CAPES and IEEE Xplore Periodical databases, articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the last eleven years. Thirteen articles were selected. Most studies use data from sensors to classify the risk of falling and compare the results obtained with results of clinical tests or history of falls. Some studies carried out the selection of characteristics of the collected signals. Research that compared CI tools and conventional scales pointed to a certain superiority of the former. In the selected articles, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks were the most explored. It was possible to observe that the ML tools can be applied in the assessment of the risk of falls in the elderly as a classification resource, showing good results.
Criminal law protection of new forms of economic activity
Authors: Олександр Едуардович Радутний
Published: December 2022

The article outlines proposals for making changes to certain articles of Chapter VII "Criminal Offenses in the Sphere of Economic Activity" of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, discusses the latest trends in the development of economic relations (sharing economy, gig economy, IV Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0) and related social systems (Metaverse, Global redistribution of everything), which are based on the achievement of scientific and technical progress (artificial intelligence, blockchain, Big Data, Internet of Everything). On the basis of the performed analysis, a circle of perspective issues is outlined and the first steps on the way to their solution are proposed.
Conviction as one of the means of criminal responsibility
Authors: Tiutiuhin Volodymyr Illich
Published: December 2022

The legal institution of conviction as one of the means of criminal responsibility is analyzed. Questions about the concept of a conviction, its signs and legal consequences are considered. The precondition, basis and procedure for cancellation and expungement of a conviction are analyzed. It was demonstrated features of cancellation and expungement of a conviction in case of early release of a person (fully or partly) from the sentence imposed by the court or its commutation with a less or more severe forms of punishment, in the case of conviction of a person for a set of criminal offenses and a set of sentences, as well as in cases of conviction of persons who committed a criminal offense as a minor.
Criminal Code of Ukraine 2001: chronicles of preparation and adoption
Authors: Borysov Viacheslav Ivanovych
Published: December 2022

The study of the preparation and adoption of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 2001 is of cognitive importance for the modern generation of the national legal community, since the Working Group on the Development of Criminal Law (approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 584/2019 of 07.08.2019) is currently developing a new Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author set out to show how responsible, complex and intense the process of developing a legal act of a codified level is. The work on the draft of the Criminal Code of 2001 lasted more than 8 years, the most qualified practitioners, leading scientists, university professors, employees of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, and, of course, the people's deputies of Ukraine, who adopted it on April 5, 2001, were involved in its development. The Criminal Code of Ukraine of 2001 is actually the first fundamental legal act, which became a significant event in the development of Ukraine as a sovereign, independent, democratic, social and legal state. The article defines the main stages of work on the Code related to the approval of conceptual provisions and the development of regulatory material on their basis, bringing the draft law in line with the Constitution of Ukraine of 1996 and generally accepted principles and norms of international law, the procedure for its adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. According to the author's estimates, the working group prepared 10 editions of the Code, each of which was the subject of thorough discussion. The conclusion about the importance of the Criminal Code of 2001 in the formation of Ukraine is made.
THE PROBLEMS OF MODERNITY DUE TO THE CRISIS OF THE SPIRITUAL DIMENSION
Authors: Dyshkant Tetiana
Published: December 2022

The article examines what are the essential characteristics of a person and his activities, such as spirit and spirituality. It is determined that the concept of «spirt» has a twofold meaning - in the case of direct correlation with a person, we are talking about it as an immanently inherent rational will that ensures the desire for transformation oneself and the world. If we talk about activity, then the spirit acts as its idea, that is, as something that does not allow us to reduce activity to simple functionality. In connection with the revealed dual possibility of the orientation of the spirit, spirituality is defined as the orientation of a person to the highest values, which are usually referred to as good, truth, beauty, freedom and justice, that is, what defines humanity in a person.

Due to the fact that the spirit, spirituality is something that escapes procedural rationality, in the modern super-pragmatic world, they believe that nothing will be lost if they get rid of such «useless» aspects of the person and his being. The article analyses whether this is the case. The possible consequences of further neutral or negative attitudes towards existential entities such as spirit and spirituality are evaluated. The problem is illustrated by John B. Calhoun's famous psychological experiment «Universe 25». By analogy, it turned out that the consumer society, stuck at the level of satisfaction of material needs, is fragmented and degenerates into a set of individuals who have lost the social and spiritual components of the human essence.
CYBERSPACE AS A SUBJECT OF PHILOSOPHICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Trofymenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2022

The publication is devoted to a review of scientific publications of foreign scientists on the regulation of cyberspace. Emphasis is placed on the interest of foreign science in this field, on the one hand, and the lack of a unified strategy for the study of cyberspace, on the other hand. Special attention is paid to the human right to data confidentiality in cyberspace.
MACROFLUCTUATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL TURBULENCE AND HYBRID WARS
Authors: Herasina Liudmyla , Trebin Mikhail , Volianska Olena
Published: December 2022

This article carries out the phenomenological research of the “international system” through methodological synthesis. Features and various types of this system are critically organized. The transitive type and character of the modern global system of “disbalance and mutual equilibriums” fluctuating within the vectors of unipolarity and multipolarity in the conditions of competition of centers of global influence with different capacities (the USA, the EU, China and Japan, the Russian Federation, the leaders of the Middle East) is substantiated. Article explores “geopolitical shifts” as  factors that have created the global turbulence and macro fluctuations of the transitional international system. Hybrid wars became one of the most destabilizing factors of the contemporary international system, fostering its turbulence. The article proves that the hybrid war is a combination of the partisan and civil war, as well as rebellion and terrorism.
INFORMATION WAR IN THE MEDIA SPACE OF MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Danilyan Oleg , Dzoban Оlexander
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to consideration and philosophical research of problem of informative war in media space. Informative war is examined as difficult technology of social manipulation which is carried out by MASS-MEDIA. It will be that such modern informative war is the multifaceted enough and multilevel phenomenon. The informative context of russian aggression against Ukraine is analyzed and grounded his unprecedentedness on scale of opposition, informative accompaniment and by the level of produced content of different quality, value and setting. The basic methods of distribution of destabilizing information, which diffuses pessimism, fear and passivity, disappointment for those or other leaders, political guidance of the state etc. are analyzed.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PROJECT OF HUMAN INTEGRITY IN I. STRAVINSKY'S MUSICAL POETRY
Authors: Arefeva Anna
Published: December 2022

Emphasis is placed on the urgency of the problem of human integrity as a cultural and historical fact of society and art, in particular music. The aim of the article is to define the phenomenon of differential ontology and anthropology as a musical gestalt in the context of I. Stravinsky's musical creativity and reflection. The research methodology is a systematic, comparative approach, transcendental, phenomenological, dialectical methods that implement the program of seeing the anthropological semiosphere of music as a cultural unity. The scientific novelty of the article is that the implicit and explicit modes of anthropology of music in the work of I. Stravinsky are determined. I. Stravinsky has Ukrainian roots, his influence on the formation of European culture is still underestimated from the standpoint of Ukrainian mentality, cordocentrism, which was explicitly defined in the theoretical reflection of the author as the search for "whole man". The folklore and mythological motifs of the works created for the Diaghilev seasons are characterized, as well as the disposition "avant-garde - neoclassic", which becomes the main epicenter of the composer's thoughts on the musical phenomenon. Conclusions. It is proved that the stage synthesis in the works of I. Stravinsky has its own musical image, where the impetus to the search for the musical integrity of the work as an analogue of a harmonious, integral person dominates. The symbiosis of musical and choreographic constellations took place as a stimulus to universal harmony, and the musical fabric of the work was formed as a universal synthesis of sacred, mythological, creative intentions. Stage synthesis, which can be described as a kind of musical can not be separated from the choreographic, scenographic images that form a single whole. Stravinsky was a charismatic leader of the musical avant-garde of the twentieth century, who defined the Frying Pan line of "two hearts" - a profane and sacred element of the musical phenomenon as a universal ontology of the whole human artist.
ORGANIZATIONAL WARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF PRESSURE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Panfilov Оlexand , Savchenko Olga
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the fact that wars acquire a hybrid character in the 21st century. It is emphasized that the new ways of waging war are aimed at destroying the state from the inside by unbalancing all organizational systems of the state, when national features are destroyed, economic and political subordination to the aggressor occurs. The article details the essence and content of modern wars that are referred to as organizational wars and highlights some aspects of their essence are highlighted in the context of international relations. It is shown that the main tool of organizational warfare is the technology of “controlled chaos”, which involves the use of a strategy of indirect approach and effects-based operations, and that the maximum effect of organizational weapons is achieved in network societies.
Portopulmonary Hypertension: A Review
Authors: Ruggiero Rosechelle M. , Bartolome Sonja D.
Published: December 2022

Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is a rare complication of liver disease occurring when pulmonary arterial hypertension develops in the setting of portal hypertension. It increases the morbidity and mortality compared to patients with cirrhosis alone. POPH is classified in Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension, which has important implications on treatment. After aggressive treatment and in carefully selected patients, liver transplantation can be performed; this can be curative of not only their liver disease but also of their POPH. Treatment and patient selection for optimum results continues to evolve. This article provides updates on the definition, clinical course, and treatment of patients with POPH. We will also discuss the evolving data in treatment and liver transplantation in POPH.
Em busca da “freira do Santo Cristo” os bastidores da primeira biografia de Madre Teresa da Anunciada, OSC (1658-1738)
Authors: Soares Hélio Nuno , Jacquinet Maria Luísa
Published: December 2022

The first biography of Teresa of Annunciation (1658-1738), a famous Poor Clare of the Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Esperança in Ponta Delgada, is recognised as a major source in the crystallisation of the opinion of virtue of the biographee and in the promotion of the cult of the Holy Christ,of which she was the most impressive promoter. Symptomatically nicknamed the “Book of the Holy Christ”, this copy of the devotional biography, signed by the oratorian José Clemente and published in 1763, may be understood as part of the process of canonical authorisation of the nun’s holiness, although it should itself be seen as the result of a constructive process in which various intentions, wills, mentors and actors took part. It is this process which, based essentially on unpublished sources, namely the epistolary correspondence exchanged between the 4th Countess of Ribeira Grande and some nuns from the Monastery of Esperança, the present study intends to examine, and which lastly aims to contribute to the analysis of the figure of the illustrious mother and the expressions of piety that have always been associated with her.
Cónego António Manuel da Costa Teixeira (1866-1919): um racionalista cristão e a transformação social
Authors: Rosa Vítor
Published: December 2022

This article aims to understand the life and work of Canon António Manuel da Costa Teixeira (1865-1919), a native of Santo Antão, Cape Verde. Using diverse bibliography and archives (Cape Verde, Portugal and France), it was possible to trace the portrait of a “nervous genius” who played an important role in the archipelago’s cultural progress, through his publications and the school institutions he created. In 1911, he came into contact with Spiritism, a doctrine founded on the existence of spirits, or incorporal beings from the invisible world, and their relations with the corporeal world, earning him excommunication by Pope Pius X (1835-1914). He asked to be initiated into Martinism by Gérard Encausse (1865-1916), better known as Papus, in order to create Martinist lodges in Cape Verde.
As Lições de Lyon para os cavaleiros maçons Eleitos Coëns do universo um curso martinista no século XVIII (1774-1776)
Authors: Rosa Vítor
Published: December 2022

In the French city of Lyon, for three years (1774 to 1776), three personalities of first importance (Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin, Jean-Jacques Duroy d’Hauterive and Jean-Baptiste Willermoz) taught other initiates and members of the Order of the Masonic Knights Elect Coëns theosophy and the theurgy of their master and great sovereign Martinès de Pasqually. What were these teachings? What theurgy is that? What did this Order, which still has its adherents today, intend? This article aims to understand what the Lyon lessons are and what they mean, using the original manuscripts of the time. We retrace the history and clarify the Martinist and Martinist thought, as a Masonic current of Jewish-Christian mysticism that arose in the 18th century.
Analisis Sistem Drainase Jalan Raya Porong Berbasis Zero Run-Off Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Sultonulazkar Aulia , Andawayanti Ussy , Sumiadi Sumiadi
Published: December 2022

Floods occur annually at the Sidoarjo Mud Area and the surroundings, especially at the Porong Highway, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The mudflow could cause several problems on the drainage system. Therefore, the inundation needs to be handled with an alternative drainage system which is environmentally friendly, such as Zero Run-Off. The analysis of hydrological data was performed at the Porong Rain Station to identify the discharge design of the drainage channel. From the results of Â hydrological analysis using a 5-year return period at the West Ketapang Drainage Subsystem design, it was shown that the lowest value of the flood discharge was 0.527 m3/s and the largest value was 3.199 m3/s. The results of the evaluation showed that 6 of the 9 existing channels required an inundation. The selected interventions were to build the infiltration channels, channel rehabilitation and rehabilitation of pump. The inundation discharge was reduced by 33.15% after conducting the intervention. Therefore, further intervention such as channel rehabilitation and pump system rehabilitation was maintained until the total inundation discharge was reduced by 100%. Furthermore, the total cost budget plan for each project was IDR 13,018,111,886.Kawasan Lumpur Sidoarjo kerap terjadi banjir tahunan pada daerah sekitarnya, khususnya Jalan Raya Porong, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Semburan lumpur yang masih terjadi menyebabkan permasalahan pada sistem drainase, sehingga genangan perlu ditangani dengan alternatif drainase berwawasan lingkungan berbasis Zero Run-Off. Data Stasiun Hujan Porong digunakan untuk pengolahan data hidrologi guna mengetahui debit rancangan pada saluran drainase. Dari hasil analisa hidrologi memakai kala ulang 5 tahun, didapatkan nilai debit banjir rancangan Subsistem Drainase Ketapang Barat dengan nilai terkecil 0,527 m3/dt dan terbesar 3,199 m3/dt. Hasil evaluasi didapatkan 6 dari 9 saluran yang ada perlu dilakukan penanganan genangan. Upaya penanganan yang dipilih yaitu dengan membuat saluran resapan, rehabilitasi saluran dan rehabilitasi sistem pompa kolam detensi. Setelah dilakukan upaya penanganan dengan alternatif saluran resapan, debit genangan yang tereduksi sebesar 33,15%. Maka dari itu dilanjutkan penanganan lanjutan dengan rehabilitasi saluran dan rehabilitasi sistem pompa, total debit genangan yang tereduksi 100%. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan rencana anggaran biaya total pada masing â€“ masing pengerjaan, didapatkan total anggaran sebesar Rp. 13.018.111.886.
Studi Evaluasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Haryoto Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Prihatino Sandy Galang , Yuliani Emma , Haribowo Riyanto
Published: December 2022

Hospital wastewater contains many harmful and pathogenic substances. This study aimed to determine wastewater quality in 2020 and predict the amount of wastewater generated in 2025. This study used a quantitative descriptive method using primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct observation of the WWTP and wastewater quality testing. At the same time the secondary data obtained from the study of the document at the hospital. Domestic waste parameters used were BOD5, COD, TSS, PO4 and the presence of Â E.coli bacteria. From the result of the stud, the values ofÂ  BOD5 = <25 mg/L, COD= 10 mg/L, TSS= 26 mg/L, PO4= 1 mg/L and E.coli bacteria = 290 MPN/100 ml. Meanwhile, the amount of water discharge produced in 2020 and 2025 is 211,316 m3/day and 259,280 m3/day. The amount of wastewater discharge in 2020 has met the existing conditions of the WWTP. In 2025 it does not meet, so it is necessary to increase the capacity of the WWTP to accommodate the wastewater discharge in 2025.Air limbah rumah sakit Â banyak mengandung zat berbahaya dan bersifat patogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas air limbah tahun 2020 dan memprediksi jumlah debit air limbah yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapatkan melalui observasi langsung pada IPAL dan pengujian kualitas air limbah. Sedangkan data sekunder didapatkan dari studi dokumen pada rumah sakit. Parameter limbah domestik yang digunakan adalah BOD5, COD, TSS, PO4 dan keberadaan bakteri E.coli. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai BOD5= <25 mg/L, COD= 10 mg/L, TSS= 26 mg/L ,PO4= 1 mg/Ldan Bakteri E.coli= 290 MPN/100ml. Sedangkan jumlah debit air limah yang dihasilkan tahun 2020 dan 2025 berturut turut adalah 211,316 m3/hari dan 259,28 m3/hari.Â Jumlah debit air limbah tahun 2020 telah memenuhi kondisi eksisting IPAL dan tahun 2025 tidak memenuhi, sehingga perlu adanya penambahan kapasitas IPAL untuk menampung debit air limbah pada tahun 2025.
Studi Potensi Air Tanah dan Karakteristik Hidrokimia Di Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Bungkal, Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Pangestu Bima Aji , Asmaranto Runi , Yuliani Emma
Published: December 2022

Pelem Village, Bungkal District, Ponorogo Regency is a location that is affected by drought during the dry season and relies on rain for irrigation needs. The research was conducted to determine the geological structure, potential of groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, and quality of groundwater for irrigation from these problems. The data used are primary geoelectrical and chemical groundwater data secondary data used are geological map data, hydrogeology, groundwater basin maps (CAT), and elevation model data (DEM). The method used is the geoelectric Schlumberger configuration, Darcy, DHL, SAR, %Na, and RSC. The results show that the geological layers are tuff, clay, breccia, and sandstone. The discharge potential on track 1 is 2,748 l/s and line 2 is 4.236 l/s. The characteristics of anions and cations exhibit various hydrochemical characteristics. DHL's analysis shows a moderate to high-quality hazard. For the calculation of soil, water sodium is still in a good class and is allowed for irrigation. For the analysis of the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) method, the research site is still in the water class which is very good for irrigation, while the sodium carbonate residue (RSC) method at the study site cannot be used for irrigation because the risk of increasing salt levels is very high.Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Bungkal, Kabupaten Ponorogo adalah lokasi yang terdampak kekeringan pada saat musim kemarau dan mengandalkan hujan untuk kebutuhan irigasi. Dari permasalahan tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui struktur geologi, potensi air tanah karakteristik hidrokimia dan kualitas air tanah untuk irigasi. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer geolistrik dan kimia air tanah untuk data sekunder yang digunakan adalah data peta geologi, hidrogeologi, peta cekungan air tanah (CAT) dan data elevasi model (DEM). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode geolistrik schlumberger, darcy, DHL, SAR, %Na dan RSC Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lapisan geologi berupa tufa, lempung, breksi, dan batu pasir. Potensi debit pada lintasan 1 sebesar 2.748 l/det dan lintasan 2 sebesar 4.236 l/det. Karakteristik anion dan kation menunjukkan berbagai karakteristik hidrokimia. Analisa DHL menunjukkan bahaya salitas sedang sampai tinggi. Untuk perhitungan sodium air tanah masih ada di kelas yang baik dan diizinkan untuk irigasi. Untuk analisa metode rasio serapan natrium (SAR) lokasi penelitian masih di kelas air yang sangat baik untuk irigasi sedangkan pada metode residu natrium karbonat (RSC)Â  pada lokasi penelitian tidak dapat digunakan untuk irigasi karena resiko peningkatan kadar garam sangat tinggiÂ
Rationalization Study of Rainfall Network Density Using The Kagan-Rodda Method in Sub Watershed of Bango
Authors: Azhari Zeinnia Alya , Limantara Lily Montarcih , Fidari Jadfan Sidqi
Published: December 2022

Management of water resources in watershed determined by avaibility of accurate rainfall data. The study of rationalization rainfall recorded density result the suggestion of amount and placement of rainfall recorded in watershed. The study was manage in Watershed of Bango with total area 246,4 km2 using Kagan-Rodda method and WMO Standard. The analysis of rainfall recorded using WMO Standard, 100-250 km2/rainfall recorded shown that none of the existing rainfall recorded in Bango Sub-Watershed are qualified. The result of Kagan-Rodda analysis giving recommendation the precise amount of rainfall recorded in Bango Sub-Watershed is Blimbing as point of reference station and form another rainfall recorded, C station. The coverage area of Blimbing is 133,74Â  km2 and C Station is 112,61 km2.
Studi Peningkatan Usia Guna Waduk Songputri Akibat Dampak Sedimentasi
Authors: Emiliawati Sris Novita , Sholichin Moh , Haribowo Riyanto
Published: December 2022

Songputri Reservoir located in Wonogiri Regency which was built in 1977-1984 needs to be handled such as vegetation, checkdam construction, and dredging to find out how much additional the reservoir's useful life, besides that it is also necessary to calculate the erosion and sedimentation in the Songputri watershed. The data needed is monthly rainfall data, number of rainy days, and maximum daily data used to calculate the value of erosivity (R), a soil type map to determine the erodibility value (K), a slope map to determine the LS factor, and a land use map to determine the CP value. The calculations will using USLE method assisted by the ArcMap 10.4 application. From the results, it is known that the erosion is 23,157.57 tons/year, the sedimentation is 1,976.71 tons/year, and the reservoir useful life is 22 years. After that, reforestation is carried out on an area of 14.28 ha, construction of 6 checkdams, and dredging in the Songputri Reservoir. After that, the erosion and sedimentation were calculated using the same formula, it is known that the erosion is 7,735.39 tons/year, the sedimentation is 660.29 tons/year, and the useful life of the reservoir is increased to 67 years
Pemodelan Aliran Sungai Jatiroto Menggunakan Software HEC-RAS 5.0.7
Authors: Arimbi Rovita Yuniarti , Sumiadi Sumiadi , Winarta Bambang
Published: December 2022

The Jatiroto River area, which is located on the border of Lumajang Regency and Jember Regency, is often hit by floods when the rainy season arrives. In 2022, floods hit the lower reaches of the Jatiroto River with an average water level of 30-50 cm. The influence of backwater from the Bondoyudo River downstream and discharge shipments from tributaries makes the cross-sectional capacity of the Jatiroto River unable to accommodate the incoming water discharge. The purpose of this flow modeling is to determine the point of the river section that occurs runoff so that it can be used as a recommendation for flood disaster prevention and mitigation plans.Â  Calibration of flow modeling to determine n Manning using observational discharge in the weir and historical data of flooding on December 23, 2018. The results of the flow simulation using HEC-RAS 5.0.7 obtained n Manning values of 0.025 and 0.023. The planned flood discharge used for modeling analysis of existing conditions is Q2th of 373.10 m3/sec. From the results of the simulation of the flow of existing conditions in Q2th that in some river sections there was an overflow of water, especially the downstream section.Wilayah Sungai Jatiroto yang terletak di perbatasan Kabupaten Lumajang dan Kabupaten Jember sering diterjang banjir ketika musim penghujan tiba. Tahun 2022 kejadian banjir menerjang wilayah bagian hilir Sungai Jatiroto dengan ketinggian air rata-rata 30-50 cm. Adanya pengaruh backwater dari Sungai Bondoyudo di bagian hilir dan kiriman debit dari anak sungai membuat kapasitas penampang Sungai Jatiroto tidak dapat menampung debit air yang masuk. Tujuan dari pemodelan aliran ini untuk mengetahui titik ruas sungai yang terjadi limpasan sehingga dapat dijadikan rekomendasi rencana pencegahan dan mitigasi bencana banjir. Kalibrasi pemodelan aliran untuk menentukan n Manning menggunakan debit pengamatan di bendung dan data historis banjir pada tanggal 23 Desember 2018. Hasil dari simulasi aliran menggunakan HEC-RAS 5.0.7 didapatkan nilai n Manning sebesar 0,025 dan 0,023. Debit banjir rencana yang digunakan untuk analisis pemodelan kondisi eksisting yaitu Q2th sebesarÂ  373,10 m3/det. Dari hasil simulasi aliran kondisi eksisting Q2th bahwasanya di beberapa ruas sungai terjadi luapan air terutama ruas bagian hilir.
Validasi Data Curah Hujan Satelit dengan Data Stasiun Hujan di DAS Sadar, Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Maria Ana , Suhartanto Ery , Fidari Jadfan Sidqi
Published: December 2022

Hydrological analysis is a basis for water building planning. However, the problem in hydrological analysis usually in the availability of data, such as empty/incomplete rain data, inadequate rain stations, rain recording which is still done manually so that it can increase the risk errors. To overcome the problem of the lack of availability of rain data, the alternative that can be used is using satellite rainfall. Satellite rainfall is using remote sensing technology, so it is possible to get wider area coverage, near real time data, fast and free access and economical. This study was include for calibration and validation of uncorrected satellite rainfall data in the Sadar watershed area, Mojokerto Regency and using two types of satellites, TRMM and CHIRPS. The data validation analysis methods used are Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Correlation Coefficient (R), and Root Mean Squared Error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR). The results of the validation of the TRMM and CHIRPS satellite rainfall data show that the TRMM satellite has the suitability of the field data by 70,3% while the CHIRPS satellite has the suitability of the field data by 20,7%. So, from the overall analysis can be concluded that TRMM data can be recommended as an alternative hydrology data in the Sadar watershed.Analisis hidrologi adalah suatu dasar perencanaan bangunan air. Namun, permasalahan dalam analisis hidrologi biasanya terletak pada ketersediaan data yang kurang memadai, contoh seperti data hujan yang kosong/tidak lengkap, stasiun hujan yang tidak memadai, pencatatan hujan yang masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga dapat meningkatkan risiko kesalahan pencatatan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tentang minimnya ketersediaan data hujan, maka alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah menggunakan curah hujan satelit. Curah hujan satelit yang menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh, sehingga cakupan wilayah luas, data near real time, akses cepat dan gratis serta ekonomis. Studi ini dilakukan untuk kalibrasi dan validasi terhadap curah hujan satelit belum terkoreksi pada wilayah DAS Sadar, Kabupaten Mojokerto dan menggunakan dua jenis satelit yaitu TRMM dan CHIRPS. Metode analisis validasi data yang digunakan berupa Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Koefisien Korelasi (R), dan Root Mean Squared Error- observations standard deviation ratio (RSR). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan satelit TRMM menunjukan kesesuaian data dengan data lapangan sebesar 70,3%, sedangkan untuk satelit CHIRPS menunjukan kesesuaian data dengan data lapangan sebesar 20,7%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan TRMM dapat direkomendasikan menjadi data alternatif hidrologiÂ
Runderpestbestrijding in Ethiopië in 1953 - een ooggetuigenis -
Authors: Vandemaele F.
Published: December 2022

Geen meer gevreesde veeziekte bij nomadenvolkeren van de Sahel en Oost-Afrika dan runderpest. Wanneer de kwaal toeslaat, is dit voor de veehouders een catastrofe, misschien niet zo zeer omwille van de financiële gevolgen, maar veeleer door het verlies aan prestige en sociale waardigheid. Bij de bewoners van deze regio’s wordt immers traditioneel het bezit van veekudden, vooral runderen, aanzien als de voornaamste maatstaf voor rijkdom en gezag.