bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATACTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION USING ETH METHOD TO ENHANCE STUDENT ORAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Wulanata Imanue Adhiyata , Purba Rani Elisa
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyikapi permasalahan aktivitas siswa pada pembelajaran Biologi dengan menerapkan metode Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa metode ETH dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lisan siswa dalam pembelajaran Biologi khususnya pada aktivitas membagikan suatu prinsip atau fakta, mengajukan pertanyaan, mengajukan jawaban dan kontribusi dalam kelompok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart yang berlangsung selama dua siklus. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di kelas X-A SDH Holland Village Manado. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi siswa, lembar angket siswa, dan pedoman wawancara siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem pembelajaran aktif dengan metode Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lisan siswa. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat berdasarkan hasil observasi pada setiap indikator yaitu 34,38%, 48,44%, 48,96%, dan 51,04%, sedangkan pada siklus dua 56,25%, 57,82%, 55,73%, dan 51,04%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH) dengan mengikuti setiap tahapan dan mengawasi siswa menjalankan peran sebagai seorang guru dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lisan siswa kelas X-A pada mata pelajaran Biologi. AbstractThis research was conducted to address students' activities in learning Biology by applying the method Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH). This research aims to study the ETH method that can enhance students' oral activity in learning. The research method used is the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with the Kemmis and Mc Taggart models that last for two cycles. Research activities carried out in class X-A SDH Holland Village Manado. Data collection instruments used were student observation sheets, student questionnaire sheets, and student interview guidelines. Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH) who can enhance students' verbal activities. This can be seen based on observations on each indicator that is 34.38%, 48.44%, 48.96%, and 51.04%, while in the second cycle 56.25%, 57.82%, 55.73% and 51.04%. Everyone is a teacher here (ETH) by following each stage and discussing students who act as teachers who can remind the oral activities of class X-A students in Biology.
Governance by Numbers: A Panopticon Reversed?
Authors: Hamann Julian
Published: April 2020

This commentary is concerned with a specific form of power and discipline that is exerted through governance by numbers. Because of its many parallels to classical Foucauldian panopticism, governance based on numbers can be coined ‘numerocratic panopticism.’ Yet, going beyond similarities between classical and numerocratic panopticism, the commentary suggests three features specific to numerocratic panopticism that actually reverse characteristic traits of classical panopticism: In contrast to classical panopticism, numerocratic panopticism is multi-centered, non-spatial and open-purpose. Research on governance by numbers can benefit from a heuristic of panopticism if it considers both similarities and differences between classical and numerocratic panopticism.
RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS: DIÁLOGOS COM AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
Authors: Araújo Wagner dos Reis Marques , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira , Andrade Aldair Oliveira de
Published: April 2020

Neste seu quarto número, do volume 2 (2019), o Comitê Editorial da Revista Relações Sociais decidiu contemplar autores/as que em outras ocasiões procuraram o periódico, mas cujas pesquisas escapavam aos eixos temáticos elencados no escopo editorial. Um dos resultados positivos desta edição é poder dar visibilidade a novos temas e voz a jovens pesquisadores/as com interesses no campo das Ciências Sociais, entretanto não perdemos de vista o foco principal deste periódico que é o combate e a crítica a todas as formas de desigualdades. Com efeito, temos afirmado que as estruturas sociais na sociedade capitalista patriarcal produzem opressões de classe, gênero e raças, subalternizando sujeitos a modos de ser permeados por ausências de sentido na concretude do ser social.  Acrescentamos algumas palavras que refletem a nossa preocupação com o atual cenário político no Brasil, que está se desenhando com o avanço da estrema direita que se consolida com o desmonte de políticas públicas de inclusão e, consequentemente, a fragilização dos direitos da classe trabalhadora. Um breve olhar em retrospectiva sobre o desenvolvimento do capitalismo, do ponto de vista da classe que produz valor (dos assalariados e não assalariados), confirma a impossibilidade de qualquer conciliação igualitária entre aqueles/a que vendem a sua força de trabalho (capacidades físicas e espirituais da corporalidade) e o possuidor dos meios de produção (detentor do monopólio das matérias-primas, capital, instrumentos de trabalho, etc.), haja vista o papel desempenhado pela instituição estatal que é perpassada por uma relação dialética sempre em tensão.
Kırmızı Soğandan Karbon Kuantum Noktaların Sentezi ve Fotolüminesans Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Biçer Abdullah , Bilmişoğlu Biçer Kübra
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada doğal materyal olan kırmızı soğandan karbon kuantum noktaları sentezlendi. Karbon kuantum noktaların yapısı XRD ve FTIR spektrumları ile belirlendi. Boyut ve yüzey yükü analizleri yapıldı. Karakterizasyonu yapılan karbon kuantum noktaların fotofiziksel özellikleri araştırıldı. Daha sonra fotofiziksel özellikleri üzerine konsantrasyon, pH ve sıcaklığın etkisi incelendi. Konsantrasyon çalışmaları ile uygun çözeltinin 250 μl/4950 μl saf su karışımı olduğu belirlendi. Bu konsantrasyonda yapılan pH çalışması ile karbon kuantum noktanın pH değeri ve sıcaklık arttıkça floresans özelliğinin azaldığı ve uzun zaman aralığında (3 ay) kararlılığını koruduğu gözlendi.
Postgraduate Distance Education in University of Cape Coast, Ghana: Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Andoh Raphael Papa Kweku , Appiah Robert , Agyei Paul Mensah
Published: April 2020

The study explored perceptions of postgraduate distance education students of University of Cape Coast (UCC). Specifically, associations between UCC postgraduate distance students’ characteristics and satisfaction, as well as students’ perceptions of physical facilities, staff-students relationship, facilitator quality, and student support services were examined. Determinants of students’ satisfaction regarding physical facilities, staff-students relationship, facilitator quality, and student support services were also investigated. A census was used for the study, whereby a questionnaire was used to collect data from 125 students. It was revealed that satisfaction was not dependent on age, gender, or programme of study but was significantly related to study centre location and semester of study. The students were generally satisfied with physical facilities, staff-students relationship, and facilitator quality but were unimpressed with student support services. The three domains that students were impressed with were deemed to be determinants of their satisfaction. It was recommended that those aspects of the programme that received satisfactory responses should be maintained but improved on with time. Those aspects with unfavourable responses, on the other hand, were to be critically considered for immediate improvement.
Sprinting to the Finish Line: The Benefits and Challenges of Book Sprints in OER Faculty-Graduate Student Collaborations
Authors: Zapata Gabriela C.
Published: April 2020

This article investigates the results of a book sprint experience whose main objective was the development of instructional modules for an open textbook for the teaching of Spanish as a second language. Six graduate students at a public American university participated in the project for a week, working in pairs in the creation of activities that required the incorporation of the tenets of the dual pedagogical frameworks of performance- and literacy-based instruction (as realized through learning by design). Data were collected through both an opinion survey and the assessment of samples of the participants’ products. The results of the survey showed that graduate students felt that being part of the book sprint had been beneficial both at the professional and personal levels, but they had also experienced difficulties similar to those reported in previous studies. The products analyzed pointed to a lack of connection between the required pedagogical tenets and the materials developed, which has also been reported in existing works on pre- and in-service teachers as materials developers. The article discusses how these results could have been a consequence of the structure of the book sprint, and it offers recommendations for future activities of this kind.
Incertitude et adaptation : cadres théoriques et application à l’analyse de la dynamique des systèmes d’élevage
Authors: DEDIEU B. , INGRAND S.
Published: April 2020

Comment rendre compte des capacités d’adaptation des systèmes d’élevage dans un environnement soumis en permanence à des perturbations dont certaines sont des chocs sévères ? Nous proposons d’explorer cette question en mobilisant les concepts de résilience et de flexibilité et des travaux récents réalisés en ferme et en modélisation. Les enquêtes réalisées en France et en Uruguay (bovin lait et viande) suggèrent que le rapport à l’agrandissement, à la spécialisation et au fonctionnement (ambition technique, gestionnaire ou recherche de souplesse du système) différencient les logiques d’action sur le long terme de systèmes d’élevage résilients. Ces logiques d’action marquent également les leviers de la flexibilité opérationnelle c’est-à-dire de la résistance à plus court terme aux aléas climatiques et de prix. La flexibilité peut être externe dans les systèmes productifs mais techniquement tendus, interne dans des systèmes plus extensifs au profil de vente ajustable selon les conditions de l’année. La modélisation systémique s’est emparée des questions de capacités tampon, de gestion adaptative qui fondent les capacités d’adaptation et évolue vers l’exploration de systèmes conçus pour être flexibles. Elle demeure cependant cloisonnée d’un point de vue disciplinaire et est en difficulté pour aborder la co-évolution des systèmes et de l’environnement sur le long terme.
Structural Similarity Analysis of Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and Other SARS-related Coronaviruses
Authors: Park YoungJoon , Ahn Ju Won , Hwang Sojung , Sung Kyoung Su , Lim Jaejoon , Kwack KyuBum
Published: April 2020

Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has high infectivity in humans, attributed to the strong affinity of its spike (S) protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we analyzed the structural similarity of the S protein between SARS-CoV-2 and other SARS-related coronaviruses (CoVs). Methods We performed multiple alignment analysis of nine amino acid sequences of CoV S proteins from NCBI with MAFFT web-based software, followed by phylogeny analysis. Three-dimensional structure modeling was performed by SWISS-MODEL. We calculated the template modeling score between the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and that of other SARS-related CoVs. Results The S1 domain of the unclassified CoV RaTG13 (the host of which is the intermediate horseshoe bat) was structurally very similar to that of SARS-CoV-2, implying that RaTG13 could be the origin of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the folding property of the entire S protein was nearly the same between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 after the PRRA amino acid insertion was removed from SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions RaTG13 could have a high binding affinity to ACE2, similar to SARS-CoV-2, and it is therefore highly likely to infect other animals. Therefore, massive research and monitoring of CoVs in animals is necessary to prevent future COVID-19-like disasters.
The Elementary Dimensions’ Role in the Creation of the Source of Elementary Particles
Authors: Sirdy Shivan
Published: April 2020

Before the creation of particles, there was a space devoid of matter and any sorts of radiations (electromagnetic radiations, heat radiations…), meaning in this space the absolute zero temperature is reached naturally. We will call this space an absolute void. It has four dimensions (the three dimensions of the space x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis and the force). The fourth dimension (the force) is the factor of change among the four. Those four are elementary dimensions. When the space dimensions increase the outward force subsequently increases as well and space increases its instability and loses its equilibrium. Now this region of space has only outward force when the outward force exceeds a certain limit, the system will be at its highest level of instability. To create equilibrium in the system the outward force collapses inward. The void inside the collapsed force will act as a void in a confined system. Meaning now, the void in a confined system is the source of the elementary particles. Now the created source is being managed by internal force and external force. The two forces will affect the source until equilibrium is reached between the internal and external forces of the source and the entities in its external force field effect. The source is a high energy entity. As before the creation of particles, there was infinity space of absolute void. Therefore, unlimited numbers of Sources were created. The gravitational collapse is one of the proofs for the theory. Where the gravitational collapse is similar to the process in which the Source gets created. However, the gravitational collapse product (only the black hole) may not be the Source itself. While the process that leads to its creation is the same as the Source creation. Which more proves that they are similar, the fact that the black hole is also a high energy entity just like the Source.
Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) dengan Model Localised dalam Menaksir Risiko Relatif DBD di Kota Makassar
Authors: Khaerati Rusydah , Thamrin Sri Astuti , Jaya Andi Kresna
Published: April 2020

Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) is used in disease mapping because it is able to model relative risks by taking into account the smoothing of the estimated relative risk and entering spatial information to reduce the errors of the estimated relative risk parameters so that a more reliable relative risk model is obtained. In this study, the relative risk value of the spread of dengue fever will be calculated using Bayesian CAR with the localised model. These results were obtained using the OpenBUGS program and are illustrated in the 2016 dengue fever case data. Based on the model, mapping of dengue fever in Makassar can be identified in each district and shows that Makassar City is still very vulnerable to dengue fever.
Changing the E&P Safety Culture
Authors: Pemberton James B.
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive, Volume 1, Number 1, 1998, pages 44-50.

Traditionally, improved safety practices in the E&P industry have been in response to safety failures or emerging regulations, and the focus has been on injury statistics rather than on overall safety performance. Because of this approach, safety improvement in the E&P industry has been slow. To produce better results and to keep pace with quality and technology advancements in other areas of the industry, the safety culture in the E&P industry must change more quickly.

Safety performance depends on modifying behavior. This occurs when the unsupervised employee is motivated to take correct action. Compliance manuals, safety staff, incentive awards, regulatory training, and new computer-based training do not truly modify the behavior of employees who are unsupervised nearly 100% of the time. Re-engineering individual safety processes or a company's management system does not produce the needed change. Consultants armed with new safety-management terminology and behavioral-observation programs with employee involvement have emerged in recent years. While proactive, these attempts are mostly superficial and fail to address the driving forces behind true behavioral change.

Closing the Gap

The companies discussed contrast a safety belief system aimed at quality with one aimed at mediocrity. The difference between the two collections of beliefs, values, and norms represents a cultural gap. This gap has more potential influence on the unsupervised behavior of employees and on management decisions than all training and packaged safety programs combined. It is this gap that potentially prohibits the E&P industry from making strides in safety that are commensurate with technological advances in the industry. The examples also show systematic ways to recognize and successfully change the safety culture and close this gap. The cases described reflect significant change in cultural value systems, which in turn, produced both short-term safety results and benefits in other areas. Managing safety well became the vehicle to manage everything well.

The examples demonstrate that traditional safety values of the E&P industry can change. While the aim of most safety programs is behavior modification, this approach aims at fundamental feelings about safety. As the E&P industry enters the next century, this depth of change will be necessary with the incoming work force. Attacking these cultural beliefs to close the gap in elemental order as presented, combined with sound management processes, provides a guide to change.
Seropositivity and associated intrinsic and extrinsic factors for Rift Valley fever virus occurrence in pastoral herds of Nigeria: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Alhaji Nma Bida , Aminu Jibrin , Lawan Mohammed Kabir , Babalobi Olutayo Olajide , Ghali-Mohammed Ibrahim , Odetokun Ismail Ayoade
Published: April 2020

Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne emerging zoonotic disease of animals and humans, characterized by major socioeconomic losses to livestock farmers, with potential global public health threat. The study determined RVFV seroprevalence in cattle, as well as assessed pastoralists’ existing knowledge about the diseases, and factors that influence RVFV occurrence in pastoral cattle herds of Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in pastoral herds of North-central Nigeria from 2017 to 2018. Data collections were carried out using serology and questionnaire tools. Descriptive statistics, using frequencies and proportions, were used to analyze data obtained from the survey. Categorical variables were presented as proportions and their associations determined by Chi-square tests. Associations of risk factors were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regressions analyses at 95% confidence level. Results: The overall IgM seropositivity of RVFV in pastoral cattle herds of North-central Nigeria was 5.6%. This was higher in nomadic cattle (7.4%) than agro-pastoral animals (3.8%). All animal demographic characteristics of age, sex and breeds were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with RVFV occurrence in pastoral herds. All the 403 pastoralists selected participated in the study, with the majorities of respondents being male, married and having formal education. Majority of the pastoralists had low knowledge levels about zoonotic RVFV infection. However, all identified socio-ecological factors significantly (p<0.05) influenced RVFV occurrence in pastoral cattle herds. Mosquitoes availability in cattle herds environment (OR=7.81; 95% CI: 4.85, 12.37), presence of rivers and streams at grazing fields (OR=10.80; 95% CI: 6.77, 17.34), high rainfall (OR=4.30; 95% CI: 2.74, 6.59), irrigated rice fields (OR=5.14; 95% CI: 3.21, 7.79) , bushy vegetation (OR=6.11; 95% CI: 3.96, 9.43), animal movement (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.25), and seasons (OR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.51) were more likely to influence RVFV occurrence in pastoral cattle herds. Conclusions: The results of this study illustrated recent circulation of RVFV in pastoral cattle herds of Nigeria and needs urgent interventions. Low levels of knowledge about RVF were also highlighted amongst surveyed pastoralists and identified socio-ecological factors significantly influenced RVFV occurrence in herds. Adequate knowledge about RVF epidemiology will assure food security and public health.
Functional Adrenal Insufficiency among Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infected patients: A Cross-section study in Uganda
Authors: Naggirinya Agnes Bwanika Bwanika , Mujugira Andrew , Meya David B. , Biraro Irene Andia , Mupere Ezekiel , Worodria William , Manabe Yukari C.
Published: April 2020

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of adrenal insufficiency in resource-limited settings. The adrenal gland is the most commonly affected endocrine organ in TB infection. We assessed factors associated with functional adrenal insufficiency (FAI) among TB-HIV patients with and without drug-resistance in Uganda. Patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB were enrolled and examined for clinical signs and symptoms of FAI with an early morning serum cortisol level obtained. FAI was defined as early morning serum cortisol <414 nmol//L. Associations with FAI were modeled using multivariable logistic regression.Results: We screened 311 TB patients and enrolled 272. Of these, 117 (43%) had drug-resistant TB. Median age was 32 years (IQR 18-66) and 66% were men. The proportion with FAI was 59.8%. Mean cortisol levels were lower in participants with drug-resistant than susceptible TB (317.4 versus 488.5 nmol/L; p<0.001). In multivariable analyses, drug-resistant TB (aOR 4.61; 95% CI: 2.3-9.1; p<0.001), treatment duration > 1 month (aOR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.4-5.5; p=0.002) and abdominal pain (aOR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.04-4.09; p=0.038) were significantly associated with FAI. Early morning serum cortisol levels should be quantified in TB-HIV co-infected patients with drug-resistant TB.
Immune activation of murine RAW264.7 macrophages by sonicated and alkalized paramylon from Euglena gracilis
Authors: Guo Qingqing , Bi Decheng , Wu Mingcan , Yu Boming , Hu Lang , Liu Chenchen , Gu Liang , Zhu Hui , Lei Anping , Xu Xu , Wang Jiangxin
Published: April 2020

Background: Euglena is a new super health food resource that is rich in the natural polysaccharide paramylon, a linear β-1,3-glucan with various biological activities including activity on the immune system in different cell lines and animals. Despite these reports, the immune regulation mechanism of paramylon is still unclear. Results: We investigate the signaling pathways paramylon impacts in immune macrophages. In RAW264.7 macrophages, sonicated and alkalized paramylon oligomers up-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, paramylon activated the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and inhibiting these pathways attenuated the paramylon-induced secretion of the above immune-mediators. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that Euglena gracilis paramylon modulates the immune system via activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and thus has potential therapeutic benefits.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review Based on the Efficacy Model
Authors: Assiri Hassan , Dwasaz Ali , Alahmari Ahmad AA , Asiri Zuhair A
Published: April 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to address the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging in periodontics based on a systematic search and analysis of the literature using the hierarchical efficacy model. Methods A systematic search of the electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted until February 2019 to identify studies addressing the efficacy of CBCT imaging in Periodontics. The identified studies were subjected to pre-identified inclusion criteria followed by an analysis using a hierarchical model of efficacy (model) designed for an appraisal of the literature on a diagnostic imaging modality. Two examiners performed the eligibility and quality assessment of relevant studies, and consensus was reached where disagreement was found. Results The search resulted in 64 studies. Of these, 35 publications were allocated to the relevant level of efficacy and quality assessments wherever applicable. The overall diagnostic accuracy studies showed the risk of bias and applicability concerns in the use of CBCT to be low to moderate. In addition, CBCT is accurate in identifying periodontal defects when compared to other modalities. The studies on the level of patient outcomes agreed that CBCT is a reliable tool for the assessment of the outcomes after the treatment of periodontal defects. Conclusion CBCT was found to be beneficial and accurate in cases of infra-bony defects and furcation involvements.
‘She must cover up whilst the baby is feeding’: Experiences and attitudes about breastfeeding among female and male informal workers in India and South Africa.
Authors: Horwood Christiane , Surie Aditi , Haskins Lyn , Luthuli Silondile , Hinton Rachael , Chowdhury Antara , Rollins Nigel
Published: April 2020

Background: Worldwide, over 740 million women make their living in the informal economy and do not benefit from formal employment benefits, such as maternity leave, that can improve infant feeding practices. Returning to work is one of the biggest challenges women face to maintaining breastfeeding. This study aimed to explore interactions between informal work and breastfeeding practices. Methods: The study used a qualitative research design. Purposive and snowball sampling was employed. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among men and women working in different types of informal jobs, in India and South Africa. Data was analysed using a thematic approach and the framework method.Results: Between March and July 2017, 14 FGDs were conducted in South Africa and nine in India. Most women were knowledgeable about the benefits of breastfeeding and reported initiating breastfeeding. However, pressures of family responsibilities and household financial obligations often forced mothers to return to work soon after childbirth. Upon return to work many mothers changed their infant feeding practices, adding breastmilk substitutes like formula milk, buffalo milk, and non-nutritive fluids like Rooibos tea. Some mothers expressed breastmilk to feed the infant while working but many mothers raised concerns about breastmilk becoming ‘spoilt’. Breastfeeding in the workplace was challenging as the work environment was described as unsafe and unhygienic for breastfeeding and childcare. Mothers also described being unable to complete their work tasks while caring for an infant. In contrast, the flexibility of informal work allowed some mothers to successfully balance competing priorities of child care and work. Sociocultural challenges influenced breastfeeding practices. For example, men in both countries expressed mixed views about breastfeeding. Breastfeeding was perceived as good for both mother and child, however it was culturally unacceptable for women to breastfeed in public. This affected the ability of working mothers to breastfeed outside the home and contributed to a lack of respect for women who chose to breastfeed in the workplace. Conclusion: Mothers working in the informal sector face multiple challenges to maintaining breastfeeding. Interventions are required to support optimal feeding and child care if global nutrition and development goals are to be met.
What do we know about physical activity interventions in vocational education and training? A systematic review
Authors: Grüne Eva , Popp Johanna , Carl Johannes , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: April 2020

Background: Although the health benefits of physical activity are well known, young people’s level of physical activity is often insufficient and tends to decline in adolescence. Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of physical activity-promoting interventions among young people, but none have reviewed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in the vocational education and training (VET) setting. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize and review the available literature on physical activity-promoting interventions in VET and (2) examine the effects of these interventions on physical activity-related outcomes such as physical activity level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched for studies involving adolescents aged 15 to 20 years that took place in VET settings and evaluated the effects of interventions with a physical activity component on physical activity-related outcomes such as PA level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. The screening process and the quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers; data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another. Results: The literature search identified 18,959 articles and 11,282 unique records. After the screening process, nine studies met the pre-defined eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative analyses. All but two studies reported significant improvements for at least one physical activity-related outcome. The interventions substantially differed in their development approaches (top-down vs. bottom-up approaches), complexity (multi- vs. single-component), and addressed behavior (multi-behavioral vs. single-behavioral). The most conspicuous finding was that bottom-up approaches tend to improve outcomes at the psychological level and top-down approaches at the physical level. Regarding the interventions’ complexity and addressed behavior, we did not reveal any conclusive results. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the varying effects of physical activity-promoting interventions in VET. Nevertheless, heterogeneous effects and overall weak study quality limited our ability to draw clear conclusions about the potentially most effective intervention strategies. Therefore, future research should focus on high-quality studies with long-term follow-ups to make recommendations for practical use. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42018109845
Experimental Pain and Fatigue Induced by Excessive Chewing
Authors: Sayegh Samaa Al , Vasilatou Ioanna , Kumar Abhishek , Barwari Ceva Al , Fredriksson Lars , Grigoriadis Anastasios , Christidis Nikolaos
Published: April 2020

Background

The study was aiming to optimize excessive gum chewing and investigate if it could be an experimental model to induce jaw muscle pain and subjective fatigue similar to those in painful TMDs. Secondarily, to investigate if the induced pain and fatigue had a duration that would allow immediate investigations of jaw-motor function. Finally, if any sex differences would be detected in the expression of pain.

Methods

This randomized, double blinded study included 31 healthy participants of both sexes. A standardized chewing protocol of either 40- or 60-minutes of chewing was used with a wash-out period of one week. Subjective fatigue, pain characteristics and functional measures were assessed. For statistical analyses, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test and Friedman’s ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test were used.

Results

High subjective fatigue scores that lasted up to 20 minutes after the end of the trial were significantly induced both in the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials. Significant but mild pain was induced only in the 60-minute trial and only in men. Also the induced pain area was significantly bigger in the 60-minute trial. However, this increase in pain and pain area did not last to the first 10-minute follow-up. Although there were significant differences detected regarding fatigue within both of the trials and pain within the 60-minute trial, there were no significant differences neither between the trials, other than regarding the pain area, nor between sexes.

Conclusion

Taken together, excessive chewing in its current form does not seem to be a proper pain experimental model. The model needs further adjustments in order to mimic TMD-pain especially in women and to prolong the pain duration.
Parental illness and life satisfaction among adolescents. A cross-sectional study of moderating effects of school climate indicators
Authors: Jørgensen Sanne Ellegaard , Thygesen Lau C. , Andersen Anette , Due Pernille , Michelsen Susan I
Published: April 2020

Background

A considerable proportion of adolescents grow up with a seriously or chronically ill parent. School climate is a strong predictor of life satisfaction. Moreover, studies indicate that school climate may operate as a protective factor for adolescents at-risk of low life satisfaction. We examine the relationship between parental illness and life satisfaction and the potential effect modification of the school climate on this association. Furthermore, we describe the use of student counselors among adolescent with and without ill parents.

Methods

Data include 9,565 students from lower secondary schools and youth education programs who participated in the cross-sectional survey Well-being Despite. Multilevel logistic regression models including joint effect analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 1,424 (14.9%) students had one or more ill parents. The odds ratio of low life satisfaction among adolescents was 1.21 (95% CI, 0.99-1.48) with a physically ill parent with no functional impairment, 1.70 (1.32-2.20) with a physically ill parent with functional impairment, 2.60 (2.01-3.35) with a mentally ill parent, and 3.05 (2.12-4.38) with more than one ill parents, compared to adolescents with no ill parents. Not being part of the classroom community, not trusting your teachers, and wanting more academic support from teachers was more frequent among adolescents with ill parents. Joint effect analysis did not show any buffering effect of school climate indicators in the associations between parental illness and life satisfaction among adolescents. The odds ratio of having talked to a student counselor ranged from 1.26 (1.03-1.54) for adolescents with a physically ill parent with no functional impairment to 2.42 (1.65-3.55) among adolescents with several ill parents, compared to no ill parents.

Conclusions

Parental illness is strongly associated of low life satisfaction among adolescents, especially among adolescent with a mentally ill parent or several ill parents. For both adolescents with and without an ill parent, negative school climate indicators were strongly associated with low life satisfaction and were more frequent among adolescents with ill parents. Unexpectedly, school climate did not help children of ill parents to achieve a higher life satisfaction, over and above the effect on life satisfaction for all children.
High triglyceride glucose index is more closely associated with hypertension than lipid or glycemic parameters in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional survey from the Reaction Study.
Authors: Zhu Binruo , Wang Jie , Chen Kang , Yan Wenhua , Wang Anping , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xulei , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Chen Lulu , Mu Yiming
Published: April 2020

Background: Both lipid and glucose abnormalities are associated with hypertension (HTN). However, it is unclear whether triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is associated with HTN. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association of TyG index and HTN and compare the discriminative power of TyG index, lipid, glycemic parameters for the risk of HTN in the elderly individuals.Methods: The present study was nested in a longitudinal (REACTION) study from May 2011 to December 2011, which was designed to demonstrate the association of abnormal glucose metabolism with the risk of cancer in the Chinese population. 43591 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. TyG index were divided into 5 groups: <20% group, the 20-39% group, the 40-59% group, the 60-79% group and the ≥80% group according quartile division of the subjects. Three multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between TyG v.s lipid parameters, glycemic parameters and HTN.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that compared with lipid and glycemic parameters, TyG index remains significantly associated with HTN in either total subjects or subjects separated into men and women (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.51, p <0.0001 in total subjects; OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11-1.74, p=0.0042 in men; OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.49, p=0.0010 in women). In stratified analysis, elevated TyG index is significantly associated with HTN in the subgroup of oldest age (≥65) (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30-2.14, p <0.0001), obesity (Body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2) (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.29-2.66, p 0.0009) or lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<90 mL/ (min·1.73 m2)) (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.33-2.21, p <0.0001).Conclusion: TyG index is significantly associated with HTN and shows the superior discriminative ability for HTN compared with lipid and glycemic parameters in the Chinese elderly population.
Intra-tumoral genomic heterogeneity in rectal cancer: mutational status is dependent on preoperative biopsy depth and location.
Authors: Vuijk Floris A. , de Water Carlijn van , Vliet Shannon van Lent - van , Valk Maxime J.M. van der , de Velde Cornelis J.H. van , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Hilling Denise E.
Published: April 2020

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy is indicated for all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, even though a significant number of patients show minimal or no response. Adequate response prediction before the start of neoadjuvant treatment might reduce unnecessary waiting periods and therapy related toxicity in non-responders. Genomic mutational status might provide a means to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy. However, it is unclear whether predictions based on genomic mutational status in single preoperative biopsies are reliable due to intra-tumoral heterogeneity.

In this study we aim to investigate the reliability of genomic mutations found in single pre-operative biopsies by comparing these genomic mutations to 4 other locations within the same tumor using next generation sequencing.

Methods

Rectal cancer patients undergoing primary resection, without neoadjuvant therapy, were included. Of all patients, one biopsy, two deep and two superficial samples were obtained and sequenced using a targeted next generation sequencing gene panel. Concordance between these 5 samples was assessed.

Results

 In this feasibility study we included 11 patients. In 7 out of 11 (64%) patients, all 5 samples showed concordant mutations. In 4 out of 11 patients (36%) disconcordant mutations were observed.

Conclusions

Evaluation of genomic mutational status on a single pre-operative biopsy is inadequate in a substantial amount of the patients and is therefore insufficient to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy. Predictive algorithms including multiple parameters might be required to further stratify patients to optimal treatment regimens.
A Structural Equation Modeling of the Wealth and Welfare Components in Iranian households: Rural and Urban Dichotomies
Authors: Shafiei Sediqe , Shakerian Sareh , Yazdani Shahram , Jadidfard Mohammad-Pooyan , Zafarmand A. Hamid
Published: April 2020

Background

Increasing social welfare and reducing poverty are to ensure the well-being of all classes of a society. Cities and villages are distinguished by cultural and economic disparities. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a comprehensive model on welfare and wealth components and their relationship with each other, as well as determining the contributing factors and variables affecting them by presenting a comprehensive model.

Methods

The components of wealth and welfare were determined based on the national data comprising 19261 rural and 18701 urban household participants. Initially, the conceptual model was drawn. Later, observed and latent variables of the model were analyzed and tested using AMOS software, in two exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Finally, the Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data and investigate the causal relationship of latent variables.

Results

The findings showed that the factors generating wealth in the urban initiate from education and lead to employment and then into income and ultimately provide wealth and welfare. Plus, there is no separation between the concept of welfare and wealth in urban society. However, land ownership is the prerequisite for wealth and welfare issues in a rural community. Moreover, wealth and welfare are two distinct phenomena in rural areas.

Conclusions

The results of this study would provide the clear hints for effective policy making to resolve deprivation and poverty in Iranian rural and urban populations, prioritizing education for urban and land ownership for rural areas.
Coal quality prediction based on multi-feature fusion of flotation foam images
Authors: bai yateng , ma xiaoping
Published: April 2020

Coal flotation monitoring cannot provide real-time feedback on the yield and ash of coal preparation products because it is influenced by the subjective nature of artificial judgment of coal preparation status and the lag of product quality testing of coal preparation. This paper aims to extract the texture, colour and shape features of floating foam images using various image processing methods, such as colour space, wavelet transform, greyscale co-occurrence matrix and edge operator, and to quantify the characterisation of various characteristic parameters on the basis of the indicative effect of floating foam characteristics on the quality of coal preparation products. The correlation between image features and the yield and ash of flotation products is studied, and a regression prediction model of coal preparation yield and ash was established by combining various image feature parameters using machine learning methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method can realise the real-time monitoring of coal mine flotation and effectively predict coal quality.
Predictive Value of the Surgical Apgar Score on Postoperative Complications in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Radical Gastrectomy: A Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Hayashi Masato , Yoshikawa Takaki , Yura Masahiro , Otsuki Sho , Yamagata Yukinori , Morita Shinji , Katai Hitoshi , Nishida Toshirou
Published: April 2020

Background: The surgical Apgar score (SAS) or modified SAS (mSAS) has been reported as a simple and easy risk assessment system to predict postoperative complications (PCs) in primary surgery for gastric cancer (GC). However, there are still few studies which revealed the SAS’s utility in gastric surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients who received NAC and R0 gastrectomy from 2008 and 2015 were included in this study. The SAS was determined by estimated blood loss (EBL), lowest intraoperative mean arterial pressure (LMAP), and lowest heat rate (LHR). The mSAS was determined by the EBL reassessed using the interquartile values. The predictive values of the SAS/mSAS for PCs were assessed with uni and multivariate analyses. Results: Among 115 patients, 41 (35.7%) developed PCs. According to analyses with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the SAS and mSAS for predicting PCs, the cutoff value of the mSAS was set at 8. The rates of anastomotic leakage, pancreatic fistula, and arrhythmia in patients with high mSAS (>8) values were higher, compared to those with low (0-3) and moderate (4-7) mSAS values. A multiple logistic regression analysis detected operation time, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) were independent risk factors for PCs. The mSAS was not a significant predictor. Conclusions: Neither the SAS nor mSAS was a useful predictor of PCs in patients treated with NAC followed by radical gastrectomy. The predictive value of SAS/mSAS is limited in patients undergoing surgery after NAC.
Significance of calorie-restricted ketogenic diet for lung cancer with brain metastases and hepatoma with pulmonary metastases: report of two cases
Authors: TAN Dong , Zhao Jing , Liu Xiao-jing , Yang Wen-ru , Yuan Fang
Published: April 2020

Cancer cells have altered metabolism that is characterized by an enhanced uptake and utilization of glucose. These increased glucose dependence alterations, present potential vulnerabilities that could be targeted for cancer therapy. The calorie-restricted ketogenic diet (KD) may meet the requirement. In this study, we explore the feasibility of the ketogenic diet as adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment. We present two cases of patients diagnosed with aggressive forms of cancer, lung cancer with brain metastatic tomours and primary liver cancer with pulmonary metastases. The patients began KD intervention after exhausting the other treatment options. Both of them responded to KD and demonstrated a beneficial effect. The tomour size from serial imaging and serum tumour markers were significantly reduced after KD in both subjects without any adverse effects. Both patients had tumour remission even after stopping the ketogenic diet, indicating that KD is a safe, effective treatment to aggressive cancers with metastases when used with conventional therapies.
Relationship between body weight and spinopelvic alignment in Chinese adult people: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Qing Xi , Gao Fu Qiang , Wang Yun Ting , Li Zi Rong , Koji Ozaki , Sun Wei
Published: April 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between spinopelvicalignment and the body weight parameters in healthy Chinese adult volunteers. That has not been systematically studied yet.

Methods: 100 Chinese healthy adult volunteers (36 males and 64 females) were included in this study, which grouped according to the gender. The obesity parameters, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) and RR (the ratio of SAD to TAD) were measured. The sagittal spinopelvic parameters include pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic angulation (PA), sacral slope (SS), sacral inclination (SI), lumbar lordosis (LL) and the disc angle of L5/S1. The coronal spinopelvic parameters include the Cobb angle of the major curve of the spine, lumbar scoliosis (LS) and pelvic obliquity (PO). Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine correlations between obesity index and spinopelvic alignment parameters.

Results: The mean BMI and WC of the males and females was 28.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2 vs 26.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 and 88.39 ± 9 cm vs 82.6 ± 2.7 cm respectively. In the female group, a strong correlation was found between BMI and PI, WC and PT, WC and PI. However, there was no strong correlation between the obesity and spinopelvic alignment parameters in the male group. None of the coronal spinopelvic parameters showed a correlation with the obesity parameters in two groups. The RR showed a positive linear correlation with PA and PT in both groups.

Conclusions: Body weight could influence the spinopelvic alignment,especially for females. People with abdominal obesity, the sagittal spinopelvic alignment is likely to change. But there is little effect on the coronal spinopelvic alignment.