bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of oscillating streams on heat transfer in viscous magnetohydrodynamic MHD fluid flow
Authors: Bhutto Afaque Ahmed , Ahmed Iftikhar , Rajput Saeed Ahmed , Raza Shah Syed Asad
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on developing and proving exact solutions for equations of motion involving a fluid with finite conductivity, variable viscosities, and heat transfer in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. By utilizing a transformation variable, the governing equation is transformed into a assortment of simple ordinary differential equations, enabling accurate solutions to be achieved for the problem. The solutions demonstrate that the distribution of vorticity is proportional to the stream function, which is disturbed by oscillating (sine or cosine) or even and exponential streams. This study compares the  profiles of steady fluid flow with changing viscosity and heat transfer travelling on a plane. The comparison is used to identify differences in the profiles of  providing insight into the changes that occur in interesting factors. These findings have significant implications for understanding fluid dynamics in complex systems and may have important applications in fields such as engineering and physics.
To Investigate Obstacle Conﬁguration Effect on Vortex Driven Combustion Instability
Authors: Bhutto Afaque Ahmed , Shah Syed Feroz , Khokhar Rahim Bux , Harijan Khanji , Hussain Mukkarum
Published: January 2024

Combustion instability inside a chamber may lead to catastrophic failure. It is due to inappropriate combustion or ﬂow physics. Flow-driven instability is mostly governed by surface, corner, or obstacle vortex shedding. Inhibitorsare placed inside a solid fuel combustion chamber to control the burning of the solid fuel grain. They burn slowly as compared to solid fuel and create protrusions inside the combustion chamber. These protrusions work as ﬂow obstacles. An obstacle vortex is shed from the inhibitor and produces pressure oscillations. The effects of inhibitor position on pressure oscillation inside a solid fuel combustion chamber is investigated in the present study. Large eddies must be resolved to compute vortex-driven ﬂow. Therefore, the Detached Eddy Simulation is applied to cylindrical combustion chambers having inhibitor and nozzle. Five different conﬁgurations are simulated. All parameters of different conﬁgurations are similar except inhibitor position. The inhibitor is moved upstream and downstream from the reference position to examine its effect on pressure oscillations. Pressure time histories at eight distinct places of the combustion chamber are recorded. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has been utilized to get pressure oscillation frequency and amplitude. It is interesting to reveal that the maximum amplitude of pressure oscillation occurs when the inhibitor to stagnation point distanceis close to the combustion chamber diameter. It is up to 70% higher as compare to reference inhibitor position results. Computed results are also compared with available experimental data for validation purpose.
Simulation of 13 points Laplacian operator in cylindrical mesh system by using explicit ﬁnite difference technique
Authors: Mallah Rabnawaz , Soomro Inayatullah , Ahmed Altaf , Muhammad Dost , Latif Sarang , Ali Irshad
Published: January 2024

In nearest period of time a considerable and remarkable work have been done on the graphic design artificial intelligence, optimization, solving numerical approximation of ordinary as well as Partial differential equation by some differential operator, Discrete Laplacian operator is one of the most modern technique used for discretizatise the Ordinary differential equations (ODES) and Partial Differential equation (PDES). It is most simple technique, the researcher have taken great interest, as they may be able to find the novelty in their results specially in simulation of di-block co-polymer, solving the partial differential equation and also in finding light equation, wave equation in one as well as two dimension and etc. Discrete laplacian operator plays an essential role in the field of science and technology, shape interpolation, smoothing of the surface area, editing the meshes are the best usages of discrete laplacian operator In this study, a finite difference scheme is applied to develop the Laplacian operator using a cylindrical mesh system containing thirteen-point stencils. Laplacian operator has a significant role in the study of numerous mathematical and scientific phenomena. This employed in numerous significant computational and mathematical models, such as the Cell Dynamic Simulation system for the study of cutting-edge materials and image processing. The laplacian operator is necessary for being an isotropic discrete differential operator in a variety of models. When computing discrete isotropic results on curved surfaces, the curvilinear coordinate system may be a good option.
Development of an Explicit Iterative Numerical Scheme Over the Modified Euler’s Method
Authors: Meghwar Tuljaram , Kumar Prem , Khokhar Rahim Bux , Shaikh Asif Ali , Hincal Evren , Anwar Solangi Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The main theme of this research paper is to propose an explicit iterative numerical scheme over the modified Euler’s method (MEM) for solving initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. This iterative scheme has been proposed by changing the inner slope   of the MEM by the mean of main slope of MEM and slope of explicit forward Euler’s method. The proposed iterative scheme has been tested for its performance by analyzing different numerical factors related to numerical algorithm and found  it consistent, more accurate with the order of convergence 2 and it also shows greater stability region as compared to existing methods which are compared with proposed method.
Cubic Iterated Methods of Numerical Differential Method for Solving Non-Linear Physical Functions
Authors: Khalid Qureshi Umair , Aarain Muzaffar B. , Khokhar Rahim Bux , Bashir Manzar
Published: January 2024

In this research two iterated methods have been developed for solving non-linear equations, which arises in applied sciences and engineering. The proposed iterated methods are converged cubically, and it is derived from modified euler method and improved euler method with steffensen method. The cubic iterated methods of numerical differential method are work on physical application functions and compared with variant newton iterated method. The numerical outcome of proposed cubic iterated methods of numerical differential method is examined with C++/MATLAB. From the numerical results, it can be observed that the cubic iterated methods of numerical differential method are good for accuracy point of view, iteration perception and function evaluation as the assessment of variant newton iterated method for solving non-linear physical functions.
Study of second-order Hankel determinant for starlike functions with respect to symmetric points
Authors: Omer Siraj Osman , Aamir Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Ullah Khalil , Qadir Abbas
Published: January 2024

The article aims to determine the sharp bounds of coeﬃcients, Fekete-Szegö, Zalcman inequalities for the family SS*_{tanh} of starlike function with respect to symmetric points linked with tan hyperbolic function. We also estimate determinant of  | H_{2,2}(f) | is also obtained for the same class. Further, we study the logarithmic and inverse coeﬃcients for the same class.
The effect of uniform and exponential streams on Magnetohydrodynamic flows of viscous fluids.
Authors: Bhutto Iftikhar Ahmed , Bhutto Afaque Ahmed , Khokhar Rahim Bux , Soomro Muhammad Aslam , Shaikh Fozia
Published: January 2024

In this research, we explore the equations of motion governing the behaviour of a finitely conducting incompressible fluid with variable viscosity, heat transfer, and the presence of a transverse magnetic field. By solving these equations, we obtain exact solutions that describe flows in which the vorticity distribution is varying indirect proportion to the stream function perturbed by both uniform and exponent streams. To obtain these exact solutions, we introduce a transformation variable that allows us ttransforming a non-linear system into a linear form the governing equations. From there, we are able to derive several exact solutions that provide insight into the behaviour of the fluid in these conditions.
MHD flow and heat transfer of micropolar nanofluid on a linearly stretching/shrinking porous surface
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Shaikh Asif Ali , Lanjwani Hazoor Bux , Shah Sayed Feroz
Published: January 2024

In this paper, there is considered incompressible steady two-dimensional laminar MHD boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of micropolar nanofluid across a linearly stretching/shrinking porous surface. The effects of the magnetic, thermal slip, mass slip and heat source sink parameters are also considered. By applyingn appropriate similarity variables, the system of governing partial differential equations associated to micropolar nanofluid flow is transformed into a system of non - linear ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are numerically solved in the Maple software by using shooting technique. The impact of the different applied parameters on skin friction, couple stress, Nusselt and the Sherwood numbers along the related profiles are determined for both stretching and shrinking  cases of the surfaces. It was observed that with an increase in suction and magnetic parameters, the fluid velocity decreased. An increment in the thermal slip, the fluid temperature decreased and nanoparticles concentration decreases as the mass slip parameter is enhanced. An increase in concentration decreases but temperature increases. While, concentration and temperature both increase due to increase in thermophoresis parameter, and concentration also increases by increase in rate of chemical reaction. Thus, suction at the boundary and magnetic parameter acted as flow controlling parameter. It is believed that this type of investigation is very much helpful for the manufacturing of complex fluids and also for cleaning oil from surfaces.
Numerical Simulation of 2D Shallow water equation with constant external body force by using Finite difference method
Authors: Rajput Saeed  Ahmed , Kamboh Shakeel Ahmed , Amur Khuda Bux , Memon Saifullah , Ghoto Abbas Ali
Published: January 2024

In this paper the numerical modeling and simulation of 2D shallow water equations is discussed with the non-flat topography. The sets of these equations is solved by means of the Crank-Nicolson finite difference method with constant external body force and Darcy Weisbach equation is used for friction slope parameter. We have obtained the important results that, as soon as we start the time then Height evaluation function has the maximum amplitude wave length which is decreasing when the time increases. The numerical solution algorithm works well and enables to predict the water elevation and velocity at any instance and any location in the domain.
Average Error Based Adaptive Regularization Control For The Gradient Constancy Variational Stereo Model
Authors: Amur Izhar Ali , Amur Khuda Bux , Arain Muzaffar Bashir , Amur Mohsin Ali , Memon K.N
Published: January 2024

The study of the stereo vision problems is most crucial and challenging task in image processing and computer vision. The Stereo Vision problems address the investigation of the correspondence between the two images of same scene (stereo pairs) captured from two different views. Generally, these problems are inverse and ill posed. To deal with such problems the energy-based regularization techniques are considered as an efficient and most successful approaches. The adaptive finite element method is used here as discretization method for the partial differential equation obtained from the optimization of the designed energy functional. Such type of the regularization generally depends on the smoothness parameters, and their suitable choice. The choice of the smoothing parameter in an adaptive way and specifically their choice as a scalar function over the whole computational domain is an interesting idea. In this work, a variational model based on the gradient constancy assumption is proposed, moreover a post optimization method (mesh refinement strategy) is designed which is based on a priori estimate called average absolute disparity error estimate. The post optimization is based on an adaptive intelligent algorithm which is efficient in identifying the less regular regions of the computed disparity image and reduces the value of the parameter to refine the grid. Consequently, the smoothness appears in the solution which is the main goal.
Effects of Heat Transfer on Flow of MHD Maxwell Nanofluid on Stretching and Shrinking Surfaces.
Authors: Dayo Ibrahim , Shah Sayed Feroz , Shaikh Fozia , Kumar Sanjay
Published: January 2024

In present article, there is studied heat, and the mass transfer characteristics of boundary layer flow of the Maxwell-nanofluid across stretching/shrinking surface along chemical reactions, transverse magnetic field and thermal radiation. Applying similarity transformation, the system of governing nonlinear PDEs are reduced into form of ODEs. The achieved equations are solved with help of bvp4c in Matlab computer software. The impacts of specified parameters include, suction parameter, Deborah number, magnetic parameter, thermophoresis parameter, chemical reaction parameter, Schmidt number, Brownian motion parameter, Prandlt number and thermal slip parameter are examined on velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration fields (profiles). Moreover, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are achieved at numerous values of applied parameters which are demonstrated through graphs. Some of the key findings show that an increase in suction increases skin friction, Nusselt number and Shewood number along the variation of the stretching/shrinking parameter  An increase in thermophoresis, magnetic and Brownian motion parameters increase the temperature fields of Maxwell nanofluid, while Deborah number, Prandtl number, suction parameter and thermal slip parameter decrease it.
Dynamic complexity of a discrete predator-prey model with prey refuge and herd behavior
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Asim , Ahmed Rizwan
Published: January 2024

This paper examines a discrete predator-prey model's complex dynamics. Using bifurcation and center manifold theory, we study period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations at positive fixed points and their direction. Numerical simulations confirm the theoretical conclusions that the model's dynamics rely on Euler method step size. The model's behavior is also affected by the prey population's conservation rate. The model suggests that excessive conservation may reduce predator populations, causing food shortages. Thus, predator-prey dynamics management must account for prey conservation rate
Numerical analysis of flow rates, porous media, and Reynolds numbers affecting the combining and separating of Newtonian fluid flows
Authors: Khokhar Rahim Bux , Bhutto Afaque Ahmed , Siddiqui Noor Fatima , Shaikh Fozia , Bhutto Iftikhar Ahmed
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the behavior of Newtonian fluids in pipes filled with and without porous media under combing and separating flow configurations. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the effects of changing flow rates, inertia, and porous media on flow patterns, vortex development, and pressure difference. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of inertia on flow behavior by analyzing the streamline patterns, vortex growth, and intensity at different Reynolds numbers, ranging from Re=1 to Re=5000.
Quantitative Analysis of Long-term Dynamic Relationships between Crude Oil, gold, exchange rates, and stock prices: An Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Approach in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Muzafar Ali , Channar Zahid Ali , Dahri Safia Amir , Soomro M. Afzal
Published: January 2024

Since crude oil is Pakistan's main source of imports, the current study empirically investigates the long-term dynamic relationships between changes in international price of crude oil and gold on macroeconomic indicators, particularly the exchange rate and stock market index. Therefore, international oil prices, Brent oil prices are used as a proxy which were obtained from Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database, gold spot prices data were acquired from World Gold Council website, stock market index, KSE-100 index was used as a proxy and the data was collected from Investing.com website, and the data for exchange rate for Pakistani rupee against US Dollar (PKR/USD) was obtained from Investing.com. The sample period included in this study is from the year 2000 to 2021.  The paper employs the Auto regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique to analyze the dynamic relationships among the variables. Findings suggest ARDL has been useful in capturing the long-run relationship i.e., crude oil and gold international prices are significant variables and have impact on stock market and exchange rate.
Construction of Substitution Boxes Using Finite Fields
Authors: Umrani Naveed Ahmed , Pali Iqrar Ali , Dahri Safia Amir
Published: January 2024

Substitution boxes (S-boxes) play a crucial role in modern cryptographic algorithms, providingnon-linear transformations that enhance the security of data encryption. S-boxes are essentialcomponents of symmetric key ciphers, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and DataEncryption Standard (DES). Non-linearity is a fundamental property that resists linear attacksand enhances the cryptographic strength of S-boxes. Constructing secure and efficient S-boxeswith high non-linearity is a critical challenge in cryptography. The problem of this research isto develop a systematic approach for constructingsubstitution boxes (S-boxes) using finite fields,with a particular focus on achieving optimal non-linearity to enhance the security of cryptographicalgorithms.
An Algorithm Coded with R to Generate GN2 -designs in Circular Blocks
Authors: Shabbir Javid , Hassan Jamshaid UL , Hassan Mahmood UL , Noreen Khadija , Hussain Sajid , Ahmed Rashid
Published: January 2024

Minimal neighbor balanced designs are economical, therefore, these are preferred by the experimenters to minimize the bias due to neighbor effects. Minimal circular balanced neighbor designs cannot be constructed for almost every case of v even, where v is number of the treatments to be compared. For v even, the circular GN2-designs in which each treatment appears exactly once as neighbors with all other treatments except the one with which it appears twice, are considered the better alternate to the minimal balanced neighbor designs. In this article, an algorithm is developed to generate the circular GN2-designs for v even which can be converted directly into minimal circular balanced and strongly balanced neighbor designs. This algorithm is also coded with R.
Simulation Study on the Effect of Cover Tilt Angle of SolarStill on its Productivity
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Laveet , Mirjat Nayyar Hussain , Harijan Khanji
Published: January 2024

Survival hinges on access to water, serving as both the foundation for human existence and its continuous sustenance. Developing nations grapple with the significant challenge of ensuring clean drinking water availability. One solution is the utilization of solar stills, which harness solar energy for desalination to produce potable water, all without relying on high-energy sources. Solar stills remain a viable choice for providing safe drinking water to remote regions lacking reliable energy access. In this research, a comprehensive multi-phase 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was employed to investigate single-slope solar still with glass cover angles of 200 and 250This model accurately depicts temperature variations within the solar still during different phases of operation. The simulation results presented herein reveal that the efficiency is notably superior in solar stills equipped with copper plates, achieving an output of 1.24 when inclined at 200 compared to other inclinations.  It becomes evident that the tilt angle of the cover has a substantial impact on the output.  Additionally, the most suitable water depth for a 200 angle is found to be 18mm. This cost-effective innovation is designed to provide rural populations with an efficient method to transform brackish water into potable drinking water.
Adaptive Numerical Regularization for Variational Denoising Model with Complementary Approach
Authors: Amur Mohsin Ali , Amur Khuda bux , Amur Azam Ali , Izhar Ali Amur  , K.N.Memon
Published: January 2024

Denoising is a process to suppress the noise and preserve the important information in the image. In this paper, a complementary approach is proposed for variational denoising problem. A FEM (Finite Element Method) based post optimization method (mesh refinement strategy) is designed which is based on a priori estimate called mean square error. The post optimization algorithm is adaptive and intelligent in nature which allows the adaptive choice of the regularization parameters. The manual choice of the smoothing parameters is taken uniformly on spatial domain and testing of the automatic selection of these parameters in adaptive way. This is an interesting idea of computation. The intelligent and automatic choice of the values for the smoothing function is smaller in the less regular regions of the image, to refine the grid and keep constant in the other complementary regions is one of the main interests, which produces the better and enhanced version of the noisy image. The obtained results have been compared to some other methods.
Centroidal Mean Derivative-Based Open Newton-Cotes Quadrature Rules
Authors: Mahesar Sara , Shaikh Muhammad Mujtaba , Chandio Muhammad Saleem , Shaikh Abdul Wasim
Published: January 2024

In this work, a new derivative-based family of open Newton-Cotes quadrature rules based on centroidal mean (CMDONC) is proposed for the estimation of definite integrals. The error terms of the modified methods are derived through the concept of precision. The local and global order of accuracy and precision for each method is also computed. The results show that the proposed methods achieve two orders of accuracy enhancement over the conventional Newton-Cotes quadrature rules (ONC). Lastly, two numerical tests are also observed which demonstrate the superiority of CMDONC rules over the classical ONC methods.
Numerical Analysis of Inertia Effects on Pressure and Flow Patterns in Unidirectional and Reversed Newtonian Fluid Flows within a Channel
Authors: Rahim Bux Khokhar  , Bhutto Afaque Ahmed , Bhutto Iftikhar Ahmed , Soomro Muhammad Aslam , Kashif Ubaidullah Alias Kashif , Bhutto Ikhlaque Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Fluid flows in channel systems are prevalent in many industrial and engineering applications. Flow rates, Reynolds numbers, and inertia significantly impact the dynamics of fluid flows in channel systems. However, analyzing these factors' effects on fluid flows is challenging. This study investigates the impact of flow rates, Reynolds numbers, and inertia on fluid flows within a channel system filled with non-porous media using Taylor-Galerkin/Pressure-Correction Scheme. Various flow conditions, including equal and unequal flow rates, reversed flow, and unidirectional flow, are analyzed to determine the effects on pressure differences and streamline patterns by numerical simulation. The results demonstrate the crucial role of inertia on vortex development, pressure differences, and the formation of eddies in different regions of the channel. The study reveals that pressure differences increase linearly with increasing Reynolds number in unidirectional flow scenarios and that unequal flow rates can significantly alter flow behavior. The study's findings provide insight into the complex interplay between flow rates, inertia, and pressure variations in fluid flows within a channel system.
A Modified Hybrid Method For Solving Non-Linear Equations With Computational Efficiency
Authors: Shehzad Ali Soomro  , Asif Ali Shaikh  , Qureshi Sania , Bahadur Ali
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a modified hybrid method for solving non-linear equations that improves computational efficiency while maintaining accuracy. The proposed method combines the advantages of the traditional Halley’s and mean-based methods, resulting in a more efficient algorithm. The modified hybrid method starts with Halley’s method and then switches to the mean-based method for rapid convergence. To further improve the efficiency of the algorithm, the proposed method incorporates a dynamic selection criterion to choose the appropriate method at each iteration. Numerical experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in comparison to other existing methods. The results show that the modified hybrid method is computationally efficient and can achieve high accuracy in a shorter time than other commonly used methods having similar features. The proposed method is applicable to a wide range of non-linear equations and can be used in various fields of science and engineering where non-linear equations arise. The modified hybrid method provides an effective tool for solving non-linear equations, offering significant improvements in computational efficiency over existing methods.
Origami-Inspired Engineering: Math behind DONs
Authors: Kamran Abdul Rafae
Published: January 2024

Origami, an ancient art of paperfolding, has evolved beyond its traditional use for cultural and entertainment purposes and has found its way into artistic, scientific, and engineering realms. This research paper explores the mathematical foundations of origami, and later focuses on a specific application in biomedical engineering. This study is intended to illustrate several aspects of origami that are relevant to engineering structures, namely: geometry, pattern generation, flat-foldability, and the ability of origami tessellations to fit specific target shapes. This review further examines DNA Origami Nano-structures (DONs) which provide numerous benefits, including lower biotoxicity, increased stability, and superior adaptability, making them an excellent choice for Drug Delivery Systems.
Thermal Modeling and Performance Investigation of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
Authors: Murad Ali , Kumar Laveet , Harijan Khanji , Parhyar Hallar
Published: January 2024

Abstract This research paper presents analysis of heat generation problem in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell using COMSOL Multiphysics software. PEM fuel cells are widely recognized for their high electrical power output and environmental sustainability. However, in a PEM fuel cell around 50 to 60 % of energy generated from chemical reactions is dissipated as heat energy. To address this issue PEM fuel cell stack model is designed and thermal modeling is carried out to evaluate its performance. Based on thermal modeling of surface temperature distribution of cell it is found that the cathode side of PEM fuel cell is warmer and generates more heat as compared to other parts due to the exothermic reactions,slow reaction rate,joule heating effect and material properties.Moreover, it is also found that there is uniform temperature distribution across the cell due to rapid heat conduction from cathode side to the surface of the cell.The results of this study show that due to more heat generation on cathode side temperature will tend to increase.This increasing temperature enhancesthe average cell current density but as the average cell current density increases it reduces the average cell voltage thus declining the eﬃciency of PEM fuel cell. Hence ,there should be an optimal temperature range between 60 to 80°C for the better performance of a PEM fuel cell. Findings of this study can serve as a valuable resource for understanding heat generation process in PEM fuel cell for the development of eﬃcient and reliable fuel cell technology in future.
A Study of Fourth Hankel Determinant of Certain Analytic Function
Authors: Khan Neelam , Khan Nazar , Frasin Basem Aref , Haq Mirajul , Khan Bilal
Published: January 2024

The main motive of this paper is to nd an upper bound of the fourth Hankel determinant H 4;1 (f) for a subclass S; with hyperbolic domain.
Upper Bound Sequences of Rotationally Symmetric Triangular Prism Constructed as Halin Graph Using Local Fractional Metric Dimension
Authors: Farooq Mamoona , Rehman Asif Abd ul , Mahmood M. Khalid , Ahmad Daud
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we consider rotationally symmetric traingular planar network with possible planar symmetries. We ﬁnd local fractional metric dimension of planar symmetries. The objective is to search sequences of local fractional metric dimension of triangular prism planar networks by joining diﬀerent copies. We propose and prove generalized formulas of all sequences for local fractinal metricdimension over triangular prism.
Structures of Digraphs Arizing from Lambert Type Maps
Authors: Sabahat Tayyiba , Asif Sufyan , Rehman Asif Abd ur
Published: January 2024

The Well-known function W eW is called Lambert Map. This map has been viewed by many researchers for finding the approximate solutions of exponential function especially in numerical analysis. Later, it has been incorporated in number theory for finding integral solutions of exponential congruences under a fixed modulus. Instead of WeW, we use the function W2 e W and call this function as Discrete Lambert Type Function (DLTF). In this work, we produce graphs using DLTF, and discuss their structures. We show that the digraphs over DLTF satisfy many structures as these have been followed for using WeW.  It would be of great interest, if these results could be generalized for WeWfor all integers n, in the future.
Upper Bound of the Third Hankel Determinant for a Subclass of Multivalent Functions Associated with the Bernoulli Lemniscate
Authors: Ullah Khalil , Younis Jihad , Ahmad Khurshid , Manickam A , Khan Bilal , Haq Mirajul
Published: January 2024

Let RL; SL and CL represent the families of multivalent bounded turning, multivalent starlike, and multivalent convex functions that are subordinated with Bernoulli lemniscate in the open unit disk E = {z : |z|<1}. In this particular paper, our goal is to find the upper bounds of Hankel’s third order determinant for the above-mentioned families.
On Fixed Points of Digraphs Over Lambert Type Map
Authors: Sabahat Tayyiba , Asif Sufyan , Rehman Asif Abd ur
Published: January 2024

Define  f(y)=y2hy  where h belongs to (Z/mZ), the Discrete Lambert Type Map (DLTM). For a set of vertices and edges over DLTM, diagraphs are obtained in which the vertices are from a whole range of residues modulo a fixed integer s, and edges are obtained when f (y) ≡ v(modsK) is solvable in Y and in terms of Diophantine equation as well. In this paper we proposed new results for for fixed point of digraphs over DLTM.
A Review on Machine Learning-Based Neural Network Techniques for Flood Prediction
Authors: Rasheed Mansoor Ahmad , Rasheed Mannan Ahmad , Tanweer Hafiz Abdullah , Yawar Sheikh Junaid , Farhi Dr. Lubna
Published: January 2024

Floods are unexpected. A few subjective techniques exist in the literature for the prediction of the danger level of floods caused by natural events. In recent years, with the advancement of technologies and the machine learning (ML) field artificial intelligence (AI), artificial neural networks (ANN), we came across a completely new methodology which started to be used in the technology area and thus this problem was started to be solved by many other different approaches. GIS-based models and ANN have been extensively used in recent years. But there was no study which was comparing the different techniques and their accuracy. In this research, we present a novel SLR(Systematic Literature Review) on the (AI) artificial intelligence-based methodologies which have been published and compare their accuracy. The results of the research outline that hybrid techniques are more accurate in terms of error rates, the average error rate of RF, kNN, SVM, and LDA, as well as MSE of RF, kNN, SVM, and BNN for Level of water forecasting after comparing all of the approaches. This SLR is based on papers ranging from 2015 to 2021 and provides a combination of different algorithms and procedures based on artificial intelligence in the context of how these techniques assist in the early forecasting of floods
Computational Analysis of Heat shock Protein 27 (HSP27) from different source organisms
Authors: Afzal Urwa , Bukhari Sarah , Pervez Muhammad Tariq , Aslam Naeem
Published: January 2024

Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) also called HSPB1 is a member of small heat shock protein (sHsps). HSB1 helps in developing a stable state during stress conditions like heat shock or oxidative injuries. Several studies have performed for the identification of HSPB1 function. However, limitation to highlight structural and phylogenetic relationships of HSPB1 in various organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study to investigate HSPB1 protein in twelve different organisms namely Homo Sapiens (Human), Dugesia japonica (Flatworms), Sus scrofa (Pig), Carassius auratus (Goldfish), Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia), Rattus norvegicus (Norway Rat), Xenopus laevis (African clawed Frog), Canis lupus familiaris (Dog), Musca domestica (House Fly), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Solenopsis mealybug), Kryptolebias marmoratus (mangrove rivulus\fish) and Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator) by identifying and analyzing the Multiple sequence alignment (MSA), similarity matrix, physiochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, secondary and tertiary structure, predict motifs and domains, analyze gene structure through several tools..For this purpose organisms were predicted based on soluble and hydrophilic in nature.Results showed all organisms had upstream, downstream and CDS part in their protein sequences except Kryptolebias marmoralus (fish), Oreochromis Niloticus (Nile Tilapia),Phenacoccus Solenopsis (Solenopsis mealybug), and Sus Scrofa (Pig) which had only CDS part. The main domain that was found in all organisms except Phenacoccus were A-Crystalline(IPR002068) and the homologous super family in all organisms were Hsp20 (IPR002068).In phylogenetic tree two clades formed and in the endidentified that Rattus norvegicus and Canis lupus are more similar with each other as they share many common features. Moreover Homo Sapiens, Sus scrofa and Canis lupus, Sus scrofa were found to be more similar. By performing different analysis it was predicted that Phenacoccus Solenopsis was not related to any organism in many aspects. However,limitation to predict quaternary structures of organisms. The Results shows HSPB1 gene has identical homologue, functional similarity and highly conserved among these organisms.
Energy Trading and Control in Microgrid Network by using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ahmed Manzar , Khan Abid Mohummad , Ahmed Mishaal , Javeed Muhammad , Farhi Lubna , Huque Ibrar Ul , Yousaf Adnan , Rasheed Mansoor Ahmad , Rasheed Mannan Ahmed
Published: January 2024

In future all Energy resources will be control through the internet (IoT) both home and commercial systems. For home power system, user can installed solar or wind energy system from 1 KW to 10 MW, depend on the area and location. These Energy resources will be control by Microgrid, the microgrid can work in two mode such as stand-alone system or with grid-connected mode. To control losses and trading the energy in microgrid network. The blockchain technology is suitable for microgrid because it has potential to resolve all issues such as energy theft case or billing fraud. The blockchain is distributed ledger technology and it has the potential to improve efficiencies by updating the status of the system.  Microgrid combination with blockchain provide complete solution to all previous issues, which were present in conational energy system. In this research work, the Microgrid model with blockchain technology will be analyze for the energy sector to address the issues  of the present problems, such as low efficiency, market competition, improve contract system for selling energy and theft case on basis of trusted and secure transaction platform without third party.
Fagan Inspection: A Defects Finding Mechanism in Software Requirements Specification (SRS) Document
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Sohaib , Ali Saqib , Nawaz Qamar , Afsar Salman , Mumtaz Imran , Rashid Nida
Published: January 2024

The preparation of Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document is a critical task as the successful completion of software depends heavely upon the SRS. The requirements gathering phase in Software Development Life Cycle SDLC is equally important as it witnesses the creation of an SRS document. The quality of an SRS document is dubious as there is a scarcity of proficient inspection methods for detecting the defects in the software. There are various reading based inspection techniques such as Checklist Based Reading technique (CBR), Defect Based Reading technique (DBR) and Perspective Based Reading technique (PBR). There are certain problems with these techniques such as the CBR only covers  potential types of defects, The DBR focused on various defects but the problem is that it is not structured in nature. Likewise, PBR is not suitable as it mainly focused on use-cases. As owing to the absence of a suitable inspection technique, the main focus of this study is to highlight the Fagan based inspection technique. This technique is not only formal and lightweight but it also overcome the limitations of reading base d techniques. The Fagan is a structured approach and finds defects in specification, programming code, design and also others during the SDLC. During analysis a questionnaire based survey is conducted in almost 300 national and international software industries. As a result, 150 responses are received. The likert scale is used for developing the questionnaire. SPSS tool is also utilized for data entry and analysis. The consequences are drawn by developing hypothesis and using the Chi-square test. More satisfactory results are gained at international level than at the national level. The satisfaction level of defect detection is 59.2%, time saved is 48.3% and cost reduction is 40.0%. Thus, the obtained outcome is positive and satisfies the requirements.
An Elucidation of Palm Print Recognition Techniques Using Probabilistic and Computational Paradigms
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Khalid , Ahmad Daud
Published: January 2024

In this article different state of art palm print recognition techniques have been discussed. Furthermore, various aspects of palm print recognition methodologies pertaining to feature extraction and representation are elaborated. Various researchers have developed and used diverse databases for the purpose of experimentation and probing their methods. This article provides an analysis on each set of methodologies in terms of different parameters such as efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness. The comparative analysis provides several benchmarks to quantify the usefulness of each technique and determine the tradeoffs in terms of cost and effectiveness.Keywords: Linear Discriminant Analysis, Phase Congruency, Component Analysis, Spectral Minutiae Representation.
Project failure due to leadership competency
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Ihsan Ajmeeia
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Project management is linked to leadership and authoritative culture. With the passage of time, the affiliation's lifestyle has an influence on the workings and talents. Here In this article are going discuss the reasons behind project failures that are occurred due to leadership competencies and also the solution to overcome these project failures. Meanwhile, this article also going to discuss the effects of these failures on the organization and project leaders. For the past many years, project leaders have been closely associated with the leading body of tasks, and projects are not guaranteed to be effective under various decisive situations. Certain factors influence the leaders of exercises in various situations, and one of the most important factors is adventure authority expertise. This article would provide a quick summary of the reasons for project failures caused by a lack of leadership competency, as well as a review of previous research. Furthermore, this article would assess their proposed remedies and offer viable solutions to avoid future project failures. This article would go over all of the flaws and errors that previous research models and solutions had made. This article would provide a concise overview of the causes of project failure due to lack of leadership competency, as well as how to minimize these losses by highlighting key activities to undertake. For article assurance, this research employed a variety of expressions and tactics, including disclosures and assessment opportunities from previous studies. For specialists, this section contains specific restrictions and future headings. The after-effects of this overview are depended upon to push the gathering of data and help the experts in the field of organization and adventure the board.
COMPERATIVE ANALYSIS OF VOICE CODECS FOR LTE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , FIRDOUS HIRA
Published: January 2024

4G mobile connectivity protocol, LTE (Long Term Evolution), is lower dormancy and higher data rates. LTE overseers may utilize the current circuit to control voice through the fallback procedure Networks exchanged as LTE is totally Internet Protocol (IP) advancement. Voice over IP administrations (VoIP) are needed to give the voice over IP associations, similar to the Internet, to prevent this. Voice Codec is one of the basic sections of VoIP that can be communicated on Internet and change simple signs into compacted computerized parcels. In any case, there are various sorts of codecs that lift voice streams dependent on transfer speed and application necessities. There is, still, no default codec reasonable to everybody. Some codecs have better effectiveness, with different conditions and therefore the transmission capacity is lower. Every one of these qualities will influence the Ultimate corporate assortment of codecs. In this paper, investigation on various kinds of codecs is held that can be utilized with ns-3 test system in VoIP over LTE. Moreover, we have proposed some framework for examination of VoIP traffic over LTE nature of administration (QOS) by arranging various VoIP codecs. Furthermore, as far as deferral, jitter, parcel misfortune and error-proposed scenarios, the study of the different VoIP codecs across the LTE network has been evaluated.
Mobile Health Applications to Develop an Active and Healthy Life of Senior Citizen
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , RAJA HAFIZ MUHAMMAD RIZWAN
Published: January 2024

Healthcare solutions that keep senior citizen healthy for a long time are a priority. The development and use of health apps is growing rapidly as mobile technology, such as cell phones and smart watches, is advancing. Given the social challenge of statistical change, cellular health solutions that keep older people healthy and active can help them avoid or delay job losses. This paper introduces a review of mobile technology documents, particularly wearable technologies such as cell phones, accessories, and wrist watches, introduces new ideas on how the system can be used to promote healthy living, and discusses a way forward to improve development and practice in the field of practical, healthy lifestyle applications. The basic SLR was created by studying research articles published in reputable journals between 2010 and 2021. In all 200 papers, a total of 60 papers were cautiously selected and categorized using an efficient process. The main purpose of this literature review is to compile all research related to Mobile Health applications, sensors / devices and network types. In this paper, we made a taxonomy which is based on the mobile health app. In addition, it also addresses important issues and challenges being investigated in the health sector.
LSTM Based Sentiment Analysis Model to Monitor COVID-19 Emotion
Authors: Arshed Muhammad Asad , Mumtaz Shahzad , Liaqat Muhammad Sheharyar , Haq Ihtisham ul , Hussain Mahmood
Published: January 2024

Psychologists and Social scientists are interested to evaluate how people show their expressions and sentiments about natural disasters, terrorism, and pandemic situations. The covid-19 has raised the number of psychological issues such as depression due to social changes and employment issues. The everyday life of people is disturbed due to the Pandemic situation of covid-19. During the lockdown, people share their opinions on social sites like Twitter and Facebook. Due to this pandemic situation and lockdown, the emotions of people are different, the emotions are categorized as fear, anger, joy, and sad in terms of covid-19 and lockdown. In this paper, we have used machine learning and Natural Language Processing approaches to design an effective machine learning model for the classification of people's emotions related to covid-19. The early detection of sentiment allows for better handling of the pandemic situation and government policies. Text is categorized into fear, joy, anger, and sad sentiment classes. We have proposed a deep learning-based LSTM model for Covid-19 related emotion identification and achieved an accuracy of 71.7% with the proposed model. For the robustness of the proposed model, we considered several machine learning classifiers and compare these classifiers with our proposed model. Data Availability: In this study, an open-source dataset is used:https://www.kaggle.com/code/poulamibakshi/covid-19-sentiment-analysis/data
A Comprehensive Survey and Analysis of Diverse Visual Programming Languages
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Aslam Faisal
Published: January 2024

Visual Programming Languages (VPLs) provide ease of programming by reducing the need of manually typing code for programming. Although the existence of VPLs is almost as old as textual programming languages but they have not become a mainstream technology for developing professional programs. However, the recent introduction of web-based VPLs, such as Scratch and Snap, has reinvigorated the usefulness of VPLs. Today, there exist dozens of VPLs having diverse characteristics. However, a comprehensive analysis of these diverse visual programming languages has never been conducted. Such an analysis is required for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of VPLs, as well as to choose the most suitable VPS for the task in hand. To that end, this study has performed a comprehensive search of a large number of 40 VPLs and analyzed and compared these VPLS based on 14 characteristics.