bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting Irrigation Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts: A Value Engineering Approach
Authors: El-Nashar Walaa , Elyamany Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Water scarcity and climate change are posing new challenges to irrigation management. Climate change increases water demand and decreases crop yields. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework to select the most efficient irrigation strategy to mitigate the impacts of climate change and achieve food security. Value engineering (VE) methodology is utilized to assure the functionality of the strategy and add an element of creativity while creating the value alternatives. The life cycle cost (LCC) technique is utilized to provide the optimum irrigation strategy from an economic perspective. The findings showed three different value alternatives for different crops, soil types, and irrigation systems. This paper contributes to the current state of knowledge by a) utilizing the Value Engineering methodology in irrigation management studies; b) evaluating irrigation strategies to ensure efficient irrigation water management; and c) providing policymakers with a tool to incorporate the added value and functionality into their policies regarding irrigation water.
Young adults in motor vehicle collisions in Norway: user safety errors observed in majority of cases with severe or fatal injuries
Authors: Breen Jan Mario , Næss Pål Aksel , Hansen Trond Boye , Gaarder Christine , Klemmetsen Harald , Stray-Pedersen Arne
Published: October 2022

Purpose

We performed a multidisciplinary investigation of young adults involved in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) to elucidate injury mechanisms and the role of passive safety equipment such as seat belts and airbags.

Methods

MVCs resulting in death or serious injuries to the driver or passengers aged 16–24 years in southeastern Norway during 2013–2016 were investigated upon informed consent. We assessed the crash scene, the motor vehicle (MV) interior and exterior, and analyzed data from medical records, forensic autopsies and reports from police and civil road authorities.

Results

This study included 229 young adult occupants involved in 212 MVCs. The Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) score was ≥2 in 111 occupants, of which 22 were fatalities. In 59% (65/111) of the cases with MAIS score ≥2 injuries, safety errors and occupant protection inadequacies were considered to have contributed to the injury outcome. Common errors were seatbelt non-use and misuse, carrying insecure luggage, and the seat back being too reclined. MAIS score ≥2 head/neck injuries were observed in side impacts despite correct seatbelt use, related to older MVs lacking side airbag curtains. The independent risk factors for MAIS score ≥2 injuries included not using a seatbelt, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, nighttime driving, side impacts, heavy collision partner, and MV deformation.

Conclusion

User safety errors (not using a seatbelt, seatbelt misuse, excessive seat-back reclining, and insecure cargo) and a lack of occupant protection in older MVs resulted in young adults sustaining severe or fatal injuries in MVCs.
Alternative procedure to verify the H–V diagram after external installations on helicopters
Authors: Battipede Manuela , Di Caprio Raffaele , Bleyer Manfred , Vazzola Matteo
Published: October 2022

Certification of external installations on helicopters, for modifications for which CS27/29.865 is not applicable, often requires the showing of compliance of paragraph CS XX.79—limiting height-speed envelope—which might imply, ultimately, a certain degree of H–V testing. Due to the implications on safety during the investigation of the H–V curve, a preliminary analytical investigation is advisable, to understand whether H–V test can be drastically reduced. Analytical investigation, though, is usually based on the extensive use of simulation data, based on validated dynamic mathematical models, which are usually not available to the applicant. The authors recently proposed an alternative method, based on the analysis of a set of flight tests, which is meant to assess quantitatively the different phases of the physical/mechanical phenomena related to the emergency maneuver performed by the pilot as a consequence of a power loss, within or in the proximity of the H–V curve. More in details, the analysis of the autorotation phenomenology reveals that the maneuver is made up by different phases and dedicated tests have been proposed to assess each of these phases. The whole test campaign is hence meant to gain a thorough insight of how, and specifically in which part of the maneuver, the external modification could affect the helicopter H–V characteristic. Depending on this substantiation, H–V testing can be avoided or drastically reduced, limiting the investigation to a few meaningful points. The proposed method has been recently assessed on an external basket installation, making use of purposely developed Flight Instrumentation and post-processing tools. More in details, results and conclusions are based on the analysis of static and dynamic flight parameters, acquired with a non-intrusive Flight Test Instrumentation, which monitors and correlates cockpit parameters and flight commands, following a back-to-back approach (i.e., pre- and post-modification). The method demonstrated was witnessed by EASA and found acceptable as an alternative method for showing of compliance to the applicable requirements.
The ion balance of Shotokuseki extract promotes filaggrin fragmentation and increases amino acid production and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid content in three-dimensional cultured human epidermis
Authors: Tsukui Kei , Kakiuchi Takuya , Suzuki Masamitsu , Sakurai Hidetomo , Tokudome Yoshihiro
Published: October 2022

Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the stratum corneum contributes to the retention of moisture there. The purpose of this study was to determine the penetration of ions in Shotokuseki extract (SE) into the three-dimensional cultured epidermis and the effect of NMF on the biosynthesis of amino acids and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid formation. Various ions, amino acids and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, fully automatic amino acid analyzer or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in three-dimensional cultured epidermis after application of SE. Gene expression levels of profilaggrin, calpain1, caspase14, and bleomycin hydrolase, which are involved in NMF production, were determined by reverse-transcription qPCR and bleomycin hydrolase activity was determined by aminopeptidase assay. The application of SE increased Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, and Fe levels in three-dimensional cultured epidermis. The mRNA levels of the starting material of amino acid synthesis profilaggrin, and calpain1 and bleomycin hydrolase, which are involved in its fragmentation, increased. The activity of bleomycin hydrolase also increased. Furthermore, the levels of amino acids and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid increased in the three-dimensional cultured epidermis. This suggests that the ionic composition of SE may be involved in its moisturizing effect on the stratum corneum.

Graphical Abstract
Ontopanel: A Tool for Domain Experts Facilitating Visual Ontology Development and Mapping for FAIR Data Sharing in Materials Testing
Authors: Chen Yue , Schilling Markus , von Hartrott Philipp , Nasrabadi Hossein Beygi , Skrotzki Birgit , Olbricht Jürgen
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the design and development of materials are strongly interconnected with the development of digital technologies. In this respect, efficient data management is the building block of material digitization and, in the field of materials science and engineering (MSE), effective solutions for data standardization and sharing of different digital resources are needed. Therefore, ontologies are applied that represent a map of MSE concepts and relationships between them. Among different ontology development approaches, graphical editing based on standard conceptual modeling languages is increasingly used due to its intuitiveness and simplicity. This approach is also adopted by the Materials-open-Laboratory project (Mat-o-Lab), which aims to develop domain ontologies and method graphs in accordance with testing standards in the field of MSE. To suit the actual demands of domain experts in the project, Ontopanel was created as a plugin for the popular open-source graphical editor diagrams.net to enable graphical ontology editing. It includes a set of pipeline tools to foster ontology development in diagrams.net, comprising imports and reusage of ontologies, converting diagrams to Web Ontology Language (OWL), verifying diagrams using OWL rules, and mapping data. It reduces learning costs by eliminating the need for domain experts to switch between various tools. Brinell hardness testing is chosen in this study as a use case to demonstrate the utilization of Ontopanel.
Selling shares to budget-constrained bidders: an experimental study of the proportional auction
Authors: Bae Jinsoo , Kagel John H.
Published: October 2022

We explore the efficiency and revenue of proportional auctions (PA) compared to first price auction (FPA) for budget-constrained bidders. PA auctions have been used in privatization of Russian assets and in cryptocurrency sales, as they can achieve higher efficiency and revenue than FPAs when bidders face severe financial constraints. The experimental results support this in that under a tight budget constraint PA achieved higher revenue and efficiency than FPA, with these results reversed under a looser budget constraint. Detailed patterns of bidding are compared to the theoretical predictions for both PA and FPA.
Integration of stereo vision system calibration and kinematic calibration for an autonomous kiwifruit harvesting system
Authors: Au Chi Kit , Lim Shen Hin , Duke Mike , Kuang Ye Chow , Redstall Michael , Ting Canaan
Published: October 2022

Stereo vision system and manipulator are two major components of an autonomous fruit harvesting system. In order to raise the fruit-harvesting rate, stereo vision system calibration and kinematic calibration are two significant processes to improve the positional accuracy of the system. This article reviews the mathematics of these two calibration processes and presents an integrated approach for acquiring calibration data and calibrating both components of an autonomous kiwifruit harvesting system. The calibrated harvesting system yields good positional accuracy in the laboratory tests, especially in harvesting individual kiwifruit. However, the performance is not in line with the outcomes in the orchard field tests due to the cluster growing style of kiwifruit. In the orchard test, the calibrations reduce the fruit drop rate but it does not impressively raise the fruit harvesting rate. Most of the fruit in the clusters remain in the canopy due to the invisibility of the stereo vision system. After analyzing the existing stereo vision system, a future visual sensing system research direction for an autonomous fruit harvesting system is justified.
Challenges with Density-Based Grade Estimation at LKAB’s Underground Iron Ore Mines
Authors: Manzoor Sohail , Gustafson Anna , Schunnesson Håkan
Published: October 2022

Sublevel caving operation relies on the estimation of ore grade at drawpoints, as the mine management uses grade to decide whether the material at a certain ring should be loaded or abandoned. Grade is estimated in various ways, including visual estimation, density-based calculation, and sampling and assay methods. The grade estimation at the world’s two largest underground iron ore mines owned by LKAB in northern Sweden is based on the density difference between ore and waste. The calculations assume a constant swell factor, a theoretical fill of 100%, and a linear relationship between bucket weight and material grade. This study evaluated these assumptions in detail based on the loading data for 12,237 buckets and concluded that the method has some shortcomings which render the assumptions invalid. Further research is required to deal with these shortcomings to improve estimation of the material grade.
Tokens make the world go round: socialist tokens as an alternative to money
Authors: Dapprich Jan Philipp
Published: October 2022

The paper argues that non-circulating tokens should be used as an alternative to money in a socialist economy. These tokens would be used to distribute consumer products out of socialised production to individual consumers. Like modern fiat money, these tokens are a kind of IOU. But unlike money, these tokens are not intended to facilitate the private exchange of commodities. Marx’s proposal to eventually abolish a token-based lower phase of communism in favour of a distinct higher phase is rejected because the ‘needs principle’ of the higher phase can be sufficiently realised within the token system. It is further shown that the prices of items should not be tied to the socially necessary labour time needed to produce them. Instead, prices should be regulated towards market clearing rates.
On regularized Shannon sampling formulas with localized sampling
Authors: Kircheis Melanie , Potts Daniel , Tasche Manfred
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present new regularized Shannon sampling formulas which use localized sampling with special window functions, namely Gaussian, $$\mathrm B$$
B
-spline, and $$\sinh $$
sinh
-type window functions. In contrast to the classical Shannon sampling series, the regularized Shannon sampling formulas possess an exponential decay and are numerically robust in the presence of noise. Several numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical results.
Characterization, surface morphology and microstructure of water soluble colloidal MnO2 nanoflakes
Authors: Iqubal S. M. Shakeel
Published: October 2022

In the present work, characterization of water soluble colloidal MnO2 nanoflakes which act as an oxidizing agent was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy microstructure of colloidal MnO2 nanoflakes confirms the shape and nature of these particles. Selected area electron diffraction ring indicated that colloidal nanoflakes were amorphous in nature. Surface morphology of synthesized colloidal MnO2 nanostructure was determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy indicating a crumpled net like arrangement.
DLCP2F: a DL-based cryptocurrency price prediction framework
Authors: Aljadani Abdussalam
Published: October 2022

Cryptocurrencies are distributed digital currencies that have emerged as a consequence of financial technology advancement. In 2017, cryptocurrencies have shown a huge rise in their market capitalization and popularity. They are now employed in today’s financial systems as individual investors, corporate firms, and big institutions are heavily investing in them. However, this industry is less stable than traditional currency markets. It can be affected by several legal, sentimental, and technical factors, so it is highly volatile, dynamic, uncertain, and unpredictable, hence, accurate forecasting is essential. Recently, cryptocurrency price prediction becomes a trending research topic globally. Various machine and deep learning algorithms, e.g., Neural Networks (NN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) were utilized to analyze the factors influencing the prices of the cryptocurrencies and accordingly predict them. This paper suggests a five-phase framework for cryptocurrency price prediction based on two state-of-the-art deep learning architectures (i.e., BiLSTM and GRU). The current study uses three public real-time cryptocurrency datasets from “Yahoo Finance”. Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit deep learning-based algorithms are used to forecast the prices of three popular cryptocurrencies (i.e., Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano). The Grid Search approach is used for the hyperparameters optimization processes. Results indicate that GRU outperformed the BiLSTM algorithm for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano, respectively. The lowest RMSE for the GRU model was found to be 0.01711, 0.02662, and 0.00852 for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano, respectively. Experimental results proved the significant performance of the proposed framework that achieves the minimum MSE and RMSE values.
The Promise of Cooperation in Latin America: Building Deforestation-Free Supply Chains
Authors: Garcia Beatriz , Pauwels Laurent
Published: October 2022

An EU Regulation proposed in 2021 prohibits the trading of deforestation-linked commodities and products on the EU market.1 The Regulation aims this ban at its own market, but it has unavoidable consequences for commodity producing Latin American countries. The proposed Regulation will affect trade with the European Union, a key trade partner for Latin American countries. If this type of regulation is increasingly adopted by other industrialized countries, which currently represent the largest share of exports for Latin American countries, the trade impact in Latin America will be even broader. We argue that regulatory approaches focused on global supply chains—such as the EU Regulation—represent an opportunity to reinvigorate existing, albeit weak, Latin American environmental cooperation to tackle key drivers of deforestation, notably, agricultural expansion. Despite the global relevance of the region's forests and biodiversity, Latin American cooperation has not been significant in forest conservation.2
Characterizing Emergency Supply Kit Possession in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: 2020–2021
Authors: Schnall Amy Helene , Kieszak Stephanie , Hanchey Arianna , Heiman Harry , Bayleyegn Tesfaye , Daniel Johnni , Stauber Christine
Published: October 2022

Objective:

In the immediate aftermath of a disaster, household members may experience lack of support services and isolation from one another. To address this, a common recommendation is to promote preparedness through the preparation of an emergency supply kit (ESK). The goal was to characterize ESK possession on a national level to help the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guide next steps to better prepare for and respond to disasters and emergencies at the community level.

Methods:

The authors analyzed data collected through Porter Novelli’s ConsumerStyles surveys in fall 2020 (n = 3625) and spring 2021 (n = 6455).

Results:

ESK ownership is lacking. Overall, while most respondents believed that an ESK would help their chance of survival, only a third have one. Age, gender, education level, and region of the country were significant predictors of kit ownership in a multivariate model. In addition, there was a significant association between level of preparedness and ESK ownership.

Conclusions:

These data are an essential starting point in characterizing ESK ownership and can be used to help tailor public messaging, inform work with partners to increase ESK ownership, and guide future research.
CAI YONG'S 蔡邕 READING OF THE ODES, AS SEEN FROM HIS QINCAO 琴操 AND HIS “QINGYI FU” 青衣賦
Authors: Schaab-Hanke Dorothee
Published: October 2022

Cai Yong 蔡邕 (132–192) was one of the most erudite scholars of the Eastern Han. A major project of his was the so-called “Stone Classics of the Xiping era” (Xiping Shijing 熹平石經) project first commissioned by Emperor Ling in 175 c.e., for which Cai Yong wrote the texts of the court-sanctioned Classics in his own calligraphy. For the text of one of these Classics, the Odes (Shi 詩), he is known to have used the so-called Lu 魯 version, which was the dominant interpretative line for the Odes classic in his time. However, the question of whether Cai Yong's literary writings also evince a preference for the Lu reading of the Odes has not yet received much scholarly consideration. In my study, the Qincao 琴操, a collection of anecdotes and song texts relating to pieces played to the accompaniment of the zither qin, a work that may also be assigned to Cai Yong but has also mostly been neglected so far, will be analyzed in relation to the Lu interpretive line, as will the “Qingyi fu” 青衣賦 (Rhapsody on a Grisette), one of Cai Yong's rhapsodies.
Explaining Activity in Authoritarian Assemblies: Evidence from China
Authors: Wiebrecht Felix
Published: October 2022

Who attempts to influence policymaking through authoritarian assemblies and why are some delegates considerably more active in doing so than others? Drawing on original data from provincial People's Political Consultative Conferences (PPCCs) in China, this study adopts a delegate-centered perspective and develops a theory of delegates’ activity in authoritarian assemblies. It argues that delegates’ activity can be explained by a combination of both cooptation theory and an understanding of delegates’ position within the authoritarian regime and hierarchy. The results highlight that core elites with more direct means of influencing policymaking will forego assemblies. Yet, peripheral elites lack other institutional channels of access to decision-makers and have to voice their demands in authoritarian legislatures. This study highlights the need for disaggregating groups of actors in authoritarian politics and offers an alternative view of cooptation particularly relevant for closed authoritarian regimes.
ESTIMATING THE SIZE OF THE -COINCIDENCES SET IN REPRESENTATION SPHERES
Authors: DE MATTOS D. , DOS SANTOS E. L. , SOUZA T. O.
Published: October 2022

Let W be a real vector space and let V be an orthogonal representation of a group G such that
$V^{G} = \{0\}$
(for the set of fixed points of G). Let
$S(V)$
be the sphere of V and suppose that
$f: S(V) \to W$
is a continuous map. We estimate the size of the
$(H, G)$
-coincidences set if G is a cyclic group of prime power order
$\mathbb {Z}_{p^k}$
or a p-torus
$\mathbb {Z}_p^k$
.
The first report of a parasitic ‘turbellarian’ from a cephalopod mollusc, with description of Octopoxenus antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Fecampiida: Notenteridae)
Authors: Gordeev I. , Biserova N. , Zhukova K. , Ekimova I.
Published: October 2022

Parasitic ‘turbellarians’ are known from various animals such as echinoderms, crustaceans, annelids, bivalve and gastropod molluscs. So far, however, no ‘turbellarians’ have been reported from cephalopods. In this paper we report a parasitic ‘turbellarian’ from the giant Antarctic octopus, Megaleledone setebos. We dissected two specimens of M. setebos caught in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) and found numerous worms in their intestine and liver. The worms were spherical or oblong and had two morphologically different poles. The frontal pole bears a small conical protrusion containing large elongated pear-shaped frontal glands and large polygonal cells. The ducts of the frontal glands open terminally to form the frontal organ. The caudal pole has an opening shaped as a folded tube connected by the genital pore with a common genital atrium, which continues into a canal with a muscular sheath. The worms were identified as ‘turbellarians’ from the family Notenteridae (Fecampiida). This family contains only one species, Notentera ivanovi, reported from the gut of a polychaete at the White Sea. The worms that we found in the gastrointestinal tract of the octopuses were morphologically similar to N. ivanovi but differed from it in several important respects. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA gene showed that the newly found worm clustered together with other fecampiids in a highly supported clade and was closely related to N. ivanovi. On the basis of these morphological and molecular data, we described a new species, Octopoxenus antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Fecampiida: Notenteridae), establishing a new genus to accommodate it and provided an updated diagnosis of the family Notenteridae. This is the first report of a parasitic ‘turbellarian’ from a cephalopod mollusc.
Wave turbulence in inertial electron magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: David Vincent , Galtier Sébastien
Published: October 2022

A wave turbulence theory is developed for inertial electron magnetohydrodynamics (IEMHD) in the presence of a relatively strong and uniform external magnetic field

$\boldsymbol {B_0} = B_0 \hat {\boldsymbol {e}}_\|$

. This regime is relevant for scales smaller than the electron inertial length

$d_e$

. We derive the kinetic equations that describe the three-wave interactions between inertial whistler or kinetic Alfvén waves. We show that for both invariants, energy and momentum, the transfer is anisotropic (axisymmetric) with a direct cascade mainly in the direction perpendicular (

$\perp$

) to

$\boldsymbol {B_0}$

. The exact stationary solutions (Kolmogorov–Zakharov spectra) are obtained for which we prove the locality. We also found the Kolmogorov constant

$C_K \simeq 8.474$

. In the simplest case, the study reveals an energy spectrum in

$k_\perp ^{-5/2} k_\|^{-1/2}$

(with k the wavenumber) and a momentum spectrum enslaved to the energy dynamics in

$k_\perp ^{-3/2} k_\|^{-1/2}$

. These solutions correspond to a magnetic energy spectrum

${\sim }k_\perp ^{-9/2}$

, which is steeper than the EMHD prediction made for scales larger than

$d_e$

. We conclude with a discussion on the application of the theory to space plasmas.
Ab Initio Atomistic Simulations of Ca‐Perovskite Melting
Authors: Hernandez J.‐A. , Mohn C. E. , Guren M. G. , Baron M. A. , Trønnes R. G.
Published: October 2022

Melting curves of Ca‐perovskite (pure CaSiO3) were determined by ab initio density functional theory, using two solid‐liquid coexistence methods and two free energy approaches, in the form of thermodynamic integration and two‐phase thermodynamics. The melting curves based on the solid‐liquid coexistence methods and thermodynamic integration rise steeply from 2000 K at 14 GPa to 7000 K at 136 GPa. The melting temperature at 136 GPa is 1400 K higher than previous ab initio predictions. The high thermal stability of Ca‐perovskite is linked to its high‐symmetry isometric structure and consistent with experiments, demonstrating that Ca‐perovskite is the most refractory phase in basaltic compositions in the lower mantle pressure range. The steep dT/dp slope of the melting curve also shows that the Ca‐perovskite liquidus field expands relative to those of bridgmanite and silica with increasing pressure, in agreement with experimental evidence from simple and complex systems.
Increasing Hurricane Intensification Rate Near the US Atlantic Coast
Authors: Balaguru Karthik , Foltz Gregory R. , Leung L. Ruby , Xu Wenwei , Kim Dongmin , Lopez Hosmay , West Robert
Published: October 2022

Hurricanes often cause severe damage and loss of life, and storms that intensify close to the coast pose a particularly serious threat. While changes in hurricane intensification and environment have been examined at basin scales previously, near‐coastal changes have not been adequately explored. In this study, we address this using a suite of observations and climate model simulations. Over the 40‐year period of 1979–2018, the mean 24‐hr hurricane intensification rate increased by ∼1.2 kt 6‐hr−1 near the US Atlantic coast. However, a significant increase in intensification did not occur near the Gulf coast over the same period. The enhanced hurricane intensification along the Atlantic coast is consistent with an increasingly favorable dynamic and thermodynamic environment there, which is well simulated by climate models over the historical period. Further, multi‐model projections suggest a continued enhancement of the storm environment and hurricane intensification near the Atlantic coast in the future.
Disruption of Arctic Staircases by Shear
Authors: Brown Justin M. , Radko Timour
Published: October 2022

Though thermohaline staircases exist in a large fraction of the Arctic halocline, the interactions of such staircases with shear and turbulence are still largely unexplored. We perform a series of three‐dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations with and without shear and demonstrate the capacity of shear to disrupt Arctic staircases. We force an oscillating shear throughout the domain in order to represent the effects of passing internal waves of wavelengths much larger than the simulated domain. Shear is shown to disrupt staircases when the Richardson number falls below 1/4 for small layer heights (0.5 m thick), but larger layers (1 m thick) are more resistant. We determine the presence and strength of the layers using measures of steppiness from the literature, finding that a metric based on the rms temperature gradient proves most accurate. This work demonstrates that double‐diffusive interfaces can be surprisingly robust, sometimes even maintaining their structure in strong, dynamically unstable shears.
Fluid‐Induced Fault Reactivation Due To Brucite + Antigorite Dehydration Triggered the Mw7.1 September 19th Puebla‐Morelos (Mexico) Intermediate‐Depth Earthquake
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Aguilar F. , Hernández‐Uribe D. , Holder R. M. , Condit C. B.
Published: October 2022

The Puebla‐Morelos (Mexico) 2017 earthquake nucleated ∼250 km inland from the trench within the Cocos oceanic plate mantle. Here, we argue that the Puebla‐Morelos (Mexico) 2017 earthquake resulted from changes in effective stress due to the reaction brucite + antigorite = olivine + H2O leading to the reactivation of pre‐existing seafloor faults. Fluid release (∼185 kg of H2O per m3 of subducted hydrated harzburgite) and volume increase (ΔVr solid+fluid = ∼0.8%) likely occur along subducted seafloor‐inherited faults. The amount of H2O released, and magnitude of volume change depends on the degree of faults hydration; only highly hydrated (>40% of hydration) faults will stabilize brucite and experience this reaction at depth. The brucite + antigorite dehydration reaction may be key for intermediate seismicity worldwide.
Modeling the Effects of Drift Shell Splitting in Two Case Studies of Simultaneous Observations of Substorm‐Driven Pi1B and IPDP‐Type EMIC Waves
Authors: Salzano Michelle , Lessard Marc R. , Noh Sungjun , Kim Hyomin , Waters Colin , Engebretson Mark J. , Horne Richard , Clilverd Mark , Kadokura Akira , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Matzka Jürgen , Fromm Tanja , Goldstein Jerry , Kim Myeong Joon
Published: October 2022

Intervals of pulsations of diminishing periods (IPDPs) are a subtype of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves that can be triggered by substorm onset. Pi1B waves are ultralow frequency (ULF) broadband bursts that are well correlated with substorm onset. IPDPs are associated with increased fluxes of 40–60 keV substorm‐injected protons which undergo gradient‐curvature drifting and interact with the cold plasmasphere population. While particle trajectories and the generation of IPDPs have been modeled in the past, those models neglect the role that drift shell splitting plays in the process. This research investigates the different pathways that Pi1B and IPDPs take from their shared origin in substorm onset to their distinct observations on the ground, including the effects of drift shell splitting en route. This paper presents two case studies using data from an array of four ground‐based Antarctic magnetometers that cover the evening sector, as well as in situ magnetometer data, proton fluxes, and proton pitch angles from the Van Allen Probes spacecraft. These observations identify a separation in geomagnetic latitude between Pi1Bs and IPDPs, and pinpoint a separation in magnetic local time (MLT). From these observations we model the drift shell splitting which injected particles undergo post‐onset. This study shows that simulations that incorporate drift shell splitting across a full injection front are dominated by injection boundary effects, and that the inclusion of drift shell splitting introduces a slight horizontal component to the time axis of the time–frequency dependence of the IPDPs.
The Role of Zooplankton Grazing and Nutrient Recycling for Global Ocean Biogeochemistry and Phytoplankton Phenology
Authors: Karakuş Onur , Völker Christoph , Iversen Morten , Hagen Wilhelm , Hauck Judith
Published: October 2022

Zooplankton plays a notable role in ocean biogeochemical cycles. However, it is often simulated as one generic group and top closure term in ocean biogeochemical models. This study presents the description of three zooplankton functional types (zPFTs, micro‐, meso‐ and macrozooplankton) in the ocean biogeochemical model FESOM‐REcoM. In the presented model, microzooplankton is a fast‐growing herbivore group, mesozooplankton is another major consumer of phytoplankton, and macrozooplankton is a slow‐growing group with a low temperature optimum. Meso‐ and macrozooplankton produce fast‐sinking fecal pellets. With three zPFTs, the annual mean zooplankton biomass increases threefold to 210 Tg C. The new food web structure leads to a 25% increase in net primary production and a 10% decrease in export production globally. Consequently, the export ratio decreases from 17% to 12% in the model. The description of three zPFTs reduces model mismatches with observed dissolved inorganic nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations in the South Pacific and the Arctic Ocean, respectively. Representation of three zPFTs also strongly affects phytoplankton phenology: Fast nutrient recycling by zooplankton sustains higher chlorophyll concentrations in summer and autumn. Additional zooplankton grazing delays the start of the phytoplankton bloom by 3 weeks and controls the magnitude of the bloom peak in the Southern Ocean. As a result, the system switches from a light‐controlled Sverdrup system to a dilution‐controlled Behrenfeld system. Overall, the results suggest that representation of multiple zPFTs is important to capture underlying processes that may shape the response of ecosystems and ecosystem services to on‐going and future environmental change in model projections.
Atmospheric Contributions to Global Ocean Tides for Satellite Gravimetry
Authors: Balidakis Kyriakos , Sulzbach Roman , Shihora Linus , Dahle Christoph , Dill Robert , Dobslaw Henryk
Published: October 2022

To mitigate temporal aliasing effects in monthly mean global gravity fields from the GRACE and GRACE‐FO satellite tandem missions, both tidal and non‐tidal background models describing high‐frequency mass variability in atmosphere and oceans are needed. To quantify tides in the atmosphere, we exploit the higher spatial (31 km) and temporal (1 hr) resolution provided by the latest atmospheric ECMWF reanalysis, ERA5. The oceanic response to atmospheric tides is subsequently modeled with the general ocean circulation model MPIOM (in a recently revised TP10L40 configuration that includes the feedback of self‐attraction and loading to the momentum equations and has an improved bathymetry around Antarctica) as well as the shallow water model TiME (employing a much higher spatial resolution and more elaborate tidal dissipation than MPIOM). Both ocean models consider jointly the effects of atmospheric pressure variations and surface wind stress. We present the characteristics of 16 waves beating at frequencies in the 1–6 cpd band and find that TiME typically outperforms the corresponding results from MPIOM and also FES2014b as measured from comparisons with tide gauge data. Moreover, we note improvements in GRACE‐FO laser ranging interferometer range‐acceleration pre‐fit residuals when employing the ocean tide solutions from TiME, in particular, for the S1 spectral line with most notable improvements around Australia, India, and the northern part of South America.
A qualitative characterization of meso-activity factors to estimate soil exposure for agricultural workers
Authors: Lupolt Sara N. , Agnew Jacqueline , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Burke Thomas A. , Kennedy Ryan David , Nachman Keeve E.
Published: October 2022

Background

Agricultural workers’ exposure to soil contaminants is not well characterized. Activity pattern data are a useful exposure assessment tool to estimate extent of soil contact, though existing data do not sufficiently capture the range and magnitude of soil contact in the agricultural context.

Objective

We introduce meso-activity, or specific tasks, to improve traditional activity pattern methodology. We propose a conceptual framework to organize the factors that may modify soil exposure and impact soil contact estimates within each meso-activity in agriculture. We build upon models from the US EPA to demonstrate an application of this framework to dose estimation.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with sixteen fruit and vegetable growers in Maryland to characterize factors that influence soil exposure in agriculture. For illustrative purposes, we demonstrate the application of the framework to translate our qualitative data into quantitative estimates of soil contact using US EPA models for ingestion and dermal exposure.

Results

Growers discussed six tasks, or meso-activities, involving interaction with soil and described ten factors that may impact the frequency, duration and intensity of soil contact. We organized these factors into four categories (i.e., Environmental, Activity, Timing and Receptor; EAT-R) and developed a framework to improve agricultural exposure estimation and guide future research. Using information from the interviews, we estimated average daily doses for several agricultural exposure scenarios. We demonstrated how the integration of EAT-R qualitative factors into quantitative tools for exposure assessment produce more rigorous estimates of exposure that better capture the true variability in agricultural work.

Significance

Our study demonstrates how a meso-activity-centered framework can be used to refine estimates of exposure for agricultural workers. This framework will support the improvement of indirect exposure assessment tools (e.g., surveys and questionnaires) and inform more comprehensive and appropriate direct observation approaches to derive quantitative estimations of soil exposure.

Impact statement

We propose a novel classification of activity pattern data that links macro and micro-activities through the quantification and characterization of meso-activities and demonstrate how the application of our qualitative framework improves soil exposure estimation for agricultural workers. These methodological advances may inform a more rigorous approach to the evaluation of pesticide and other chemical and biological exposures incurred by persons engaged in the cultivation of agricultural commodities in soil.
Distinct molecular subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma and gene signature with diagnostic capability
Authors: Hong Shubin , Xie Yubin , Cheng Zhen , Li Jie , He Weiman , Guo Zhuming , Zhang Quan , Peng Sui , He Minghui , Yu Shuang , Xu Lixia , Liu Rengyun , Xu Tianyi , Zhang Yunjian , Li Yanbing , Wang Jiguang , Lv Weiming , Yu Jun , Xiao Haipeng
Published: October 2022

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is heterogeneous and its molecular characteristics remain elusive. We integrated transcriptomic sequencing, genomic analysis and clinicopathologic information from 582 tissue samples of 216 PTC and 75 benign thyroid nodule (BTN) patients. We discovered four subtypes of PTC including Immune-enriched Subtype, BRAF-enriched Subtype, Stromal Subtype and CNV-enriched Subtype. Molecular subtypes were validated in an external cohort of 497 PTC cases from the TCGA. Tumors in the Immune-enriched Subtype showed higher immune infiltration and overexpression of immune checkpoints, whilst BRAF-enriched Subtype showed a higher tendency for extrathyroidal extension and more advanced TNM stage. Key oncogenes including LRRK2, SLC34A2, MUC1, FOXQ1 and KRT19 were overexpressed and enriched in oncogenic MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in BRAF-enriched subtype. Further analysis of BRAF-enriched Subtype identified three subclasses with different degrees of malignancies. We also uncovered the molecular link of the initiation and progression from BTN to subtypes of PTC using trajectory analysis. Moreover, a 20-gene expression signature was generated for differential diagnosis of PTC from BTN patients. Together, our work identified previously unreported molecular subtypes of PTC, offering opportunities to stratify patients into optimal treatment plans based on molecular subtyping.
Integrative immune transcriptomic classification improves patient selection for precision immunotherapy in advanced gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cabeza-Segura Manuel , Gambardella Valentina , Gimeno-Valiente Francisco , Carbonell-Asins Juan Antonio , Alarcón-Molero Lorena , González-Vilanova Arturo , Zuñiga-Trejos Sheila , Rentero-Garrido Pilar , Villagrasa Rosana , Gil Mireia , Durá Ana , Richart Paula , Alonso Noelia , Huerta Marisol , Roselló Susana , Roda Desamparados , Tarazona Noelia , Martínez-Ciarpaglini Carolina , Castillo Josefa , Cervantes Andrés , Fleitas Tania
Published: October 2022

Background

Advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer (GEA) treatment has been improved by the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), yet identifying predictive biomarkers remains a priority, particularly in patients with a combined positive score (CPS) < 5, where the benefit is less clear. Our study assesses certain immune microenvironment features related to sensitivity or resistance to CPIs with the aim of implementing a personalised approach across CPS < 5 GEA.

Design

Through integrative transcriptomic and clinicopathological analyses, we studied in both a retrospective and a prospective cohort, the immune tumour microenvironment features. We analysed the cell types composing the immune infiltrate highlighting their functional activity.

Results

This integrative study allowed the identification of four different groups across our patients. Among them, we identified a cluster whose tumours expressed the most gene signatures related to immunomodulatory pathways and immunotherapy response. These tumours presented an enriched immune infiltrate showing high immune function activity that could potentially achieve the best benefit from CPIs. Finally, our findings were proven in an external CPI-exposed population, where the use of our transcriptomic results combined with CPS helped better identify those patients who could benefit from immunotherapy than using CPS alone (p = 0.043).

Conclusions

This transcriptomic classification could improve precision immunotherapy for GEA.
Proband-mediated interventions to increase disclosure of genetic risk in families with a BRCA or Lynch syndrome condition: a systematic review
Authors: Young Alison Luk , Imran Aalya , Spoelma Michael J. , Williams Rachel , Tucker Katherine M. , Halliday Jane , Forrest Laura E. , Wakefield Claire E. , Butow Phyllis N.
Published: October 2022

Interventions to assist family communication about inherited cancer risk have the potential to improve family cancer outcomes. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of proband-mediated interventions employed within genetics clinics to increase disclosure of genetic risk to at-risk relatives. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched for publications between 1990–2020. The quality of studies was assessed. From 5605 records reviewed, 9 studies (4 randomised control trials and 5 cohort studies) were included involving families with BRCA1, BRCA2 and Lynch syndrome. Intervention delivery modes included genetic counselling with additional telephone or in-person follow-up, letters, videos, and decision aids. The percentages of at-risk relatives informed by the proband about their risk ranged from 54.0% to 95.5% in the intervention or family-mediated comparison group. Of those who were informed, 24.4–60.0% contacted a genetics clinic and 22.8–76.2% had genetic testing after they were counselled at a genetics clinic. Significant differences between intervention and control group were reported on all three outcomes by one study, and with relatives contacting a genetics clinic by another study. The studies suggest but do not conclusively show, that tailored genetic counselling with additional follow-up can increase both the proportion of informed relatives and relatives who contact the genetics clinic. With the increase in germline testing, interventions are required to consider the family communication process and address post-disclosure variables (e.g., relative’s perceptions, emotional reactions) through engagement with probands and relatives to maximise the public health benefit of identifying inherited cancer risk in families.
Biallelic loss of LDB3 leads to a lethal pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Koopmann Tamara T. , Jamshidi Yalda , Naghibi-Sistani Mohammad , van der Klift Heleen M. , Birjandi Hassan , Al-Hassnan Zuhair , Alwadai Abdullah , Zifarelli Giovanni , Karimiani Ehsan G. , Sedighzadeh Sahar , Bahreini Amir , Nouri Nayereh , Peter Merlene , Watanabe Kyoko , van Duyvenvoorde Hermine A. , Ruivenkamp Claudia A. L. , Teunissen Aalbertine K. K. , Ten Harkel Arend D. J. , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , Haak Monique C. , Prada Carlos E. , Santen Gijs W. E. , Maroofian Reza
Published: October 2022

Autosomal dominant variants in LDB3 (also known as ZASP), encoding the PDZ-LIM domain-binding factor, have been linked to a late onset phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myofibrillar myopathy in humans. However, despite knockout mice displaying a much more severe phenotype with premature death, bi-allelic variants in LDB3 have not yet been reported. Here we identify biallelic loss-of-function variants in five unrelated cardiomyopathy families by next-generation sequencing. In the first family, we identified compound heterozygous LOF variants in LDB3 in a fetus with bilateral talipes and mild left cardiac ventricular enlargement. Ultra-structural examination revealed highly irregular Z-disc formation, and RNA analysis demonstrated little/no expression of LDB3 protein with a functional C-terminal LIM domain in muscle tissue from the affected fetus. In a second family, a homozygous LDB3 nonsense variant was identified in a young girl with severe early-onset dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular non-compaction; the same homozygous nonsense variant was identified in a third unrelated female infant with dilated cardiomyopathy. We further identified homozygous LDB3 frameshift variants in two unrelated probands diagnosed with cardiomegaly and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Our findings demonstrate that recessive LDB3 variants can lead to an early-onset severe human phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myopathy, reminiscent of the knockout mouse phenotype, and supporting a loss of function mechanism.
Updated Stroke Gene Panels: Rapid evolution of knowledge on monogenic causes of stroke
Authors: Ilinca Andreea , Puschmann Andreas , Putaala Jukka , de Leeuw Frank Erik , Cole John , Kittner Stephen , Kristoffersson Ulf , Lindgren Arne G.
Published: October 2022

This article updates our previous Stroke Gene Panels (SGP) from 2017. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed were searched. We divided detected genes into two SGP groups, SGP1: genes reported in at least one person with stroke and associated with one or more clinical subgroups: large artery atherosclerotic, large artery non-atherosclerotic (tortuosity, dolichoectasia, aneurysm, non-atherosclerotic dissection or occlusion), cerebral small vessel diseases, cardio-embolic (arrhythmia, heart defect, cardiomyopathy), coagulation dysfunctions (venous thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, bleeding tendency), intracerebral hemorrhage, vascular malformations (cavernoma, arteriovenous malformations) and metabolism disorders; and SGP2: genes related to diseases that may predispose to stroke. We identified 168 SGP1 genes, 70 of these were validated for clinical practice. We also detected 72 SGP2 genes. Nine genes were removed because of conflicting evidence. The number of genes increased from 168 to 240 during 4.5-years, reflecting a dynamic evolution and the need for regular updates for research and clinical use.