bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Trends of Criminology and Criminal Justice of the 21st Century
Authors: Asli M. R.
Published: April 2023

Objective: to define the key trends in the development of criminology and criminal justice under significant broadening of digitalization and using modern technologies.

Methods: the priority of analytical method combined with descriptive method provided an optimal set of tools for searching and revealing the main digital trends in the development of criminology and criminal justice in the 21st century.

Results: the growing dependence was revealed between criminal-legal science and digital technologies, which leads to the change in essence and types of contemporary criminality, models of criminals’ behavior, methods and mechanism of crime control and prevention in the light of requirements of criminal policy and justice. The dual role of the global digitalization trend is highlighted, the achievements of which are used both by the agencies of criminal justice system (in particular, for crime control, management and prevention) and criminals when implementing their criminal intents. It was determined that the essential transformation of criminology and criminal justice is largely caused by a dramatic development of digitalization in the 21st century, as well as by the modern technologies created on its basis, which appear to be more effective than the standard methods of traditional criminology, including quantitative and qualitative estimations, observation, interviews, polls, etc.

Scientiﬁc novelty: new spheres of criminal-legal knowledge are introduced, as well as the corresponding disciplines formed exclusively under the influence of digitalization, such as cyber criminology and cyber victimology; algorithmic (computational) criminology, based on actuarial justice and the theory of risks, is highlighted as the most recent trend in criminological science.

Practical signiﬁcance: the account of trends and positive experience gained in the sphere of digitalization determines the successful solution of the tasks associated with crime counteraction, transformation of approaches to the content, goals and methodology of applied criminology and criminal justice. The global megatrend of digitalization essentially changes the appearance of the criminal-legal science, sets the new theoretical and applied directions of its development. Timely upgrade and adaptation of knowledge, skills and capabilities in compliance with the achievements of digitalization will allow criminology and criminal justice to correspond to the tasks of the new millennium.
Identification of biomarkers associated with heart failure caused by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy using WGCNA and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Sun Mengyi , Li Linping
Published: April 2023

Background: The genetic factors and pathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy-induced heart failure (IDCM-HF) have not been understood thoroughly; there is a lack of specific diagnostic markers and treatment methods for the disease. Hence, we aimed to identify the mechanisms of action at the molecular level and potential molecular markers for this disease.
Methods: Gene expression profiles of IDCM-HF and non-heart failure (NF) specimens were acquired from the database of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We then identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analyzed their functions and related pathways by using “Metascape”. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to search for key module genes. Candidate genes were identified by intersecting the key module genes identified via WGCNA with DEGs, further screened via the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. At last, the biomarkers were validated and evaluated the diagnostic efficacyby the area under curve (AUC) value, and further confirmed the difference expression in the IDCN-HF and NF groups using an external database.
Results: We detected 490 genes exhibiting differential expression between IDCM-HF and NF specimens from the GSE57338 dataset, with most of them being concentrated in the extracellular matrix of cells related to biological processes and pathways. After screening, thirteen candidate genes were identified. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) showed high diagnostic efficacyin the GSE57338 and GSE6406 datasets, respectively. In comparison to the NF group, AQP3 was significantly down-regulated in the IDCM-HF group, while CYP2J2 was significantly up-regulated.
Conclusion: As far as we know, this is the first study that combines WGCNA and machine learning algorithms to screen for potential biomarkers of IDCM-HF. Our findings suggest that AQP3 and CYP2J2 could be used as novel diagnostic markers and treatment targets of IDCM-HF.
Autologous mesenchymal stromal cells embedded with Tissucol Duo® for prevention of air leak after anatomical lung resection: results of a prospective phase I/II clinical trial with long-term follow-up
Authors: Jiménez Marcelo F. , Gomez-Hernandez M. Teresa , Villarón Eva M. , López-Parra Miriam , Sánchez-Guijo Fermin
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Prolonged air leak (PAL) is the most frequent complication after pulmonary resection. Several measures have been described to prevent the occurrence of PAL in high-risk patients, however, the potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) applied in the parenchymal suture line to prevent postoperative air leak in this setting has not been fully addressed.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the feasibility, safety and potential clinical efficacy of the implantation of autologous MSCs embedded in Tissucol Duo® as a prophylactic alternative to prevent postoperative prolonged air leak after pulmonary resection in high-risk patients.
STUDY DESIGN: Phase I/II single-arm prospective clinical trial.
METHODS: Six patients with high risk of PAL undergoing elective pulmonary resection were included. Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs were expanded at our Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Facility and implanted (embedded in a Tissucol Duo® carrier) in the parenchymal suture line during pulmonary resection surgery. Patients were monitored in the early postoperative period and evaluated for possible complications or adverse reactions. In addition, all patients were followed-up to 5 years for clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: The median age of patients included was 66 years (range: 55-70 years) and male/female ratio was 5/1. Autologous MSCs were expanded in five cases, in one case MSCs expansion was insufficient. There were no adverse effects related to cell implantation. Regarding efficacy, median air leak duration was 0 days (range: 0-2 days). The incidence of PAL was nil. Radiologically, only one patient presented pneumothorax in the chest x-ray at discharge. No adverse effects related to the procedure were recorded during the follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of autologous MSCs for prevention of PAL in patients with high risk of PAL is feasible, safe, and potentially effective.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: no. EudraCT: 2013-000535-27. Clinicaltrials.gov idenfier: NCT02045745.
Pillars for successful operationalization of One Health as an ecosystem approach: Experience from a human-animal interface in the Maasai Steppe in Tanzania
Authors: Gwakisa Paul , George Janeth , Sindato Calvin , Ngonyoka Anibariki , Nnko Happiness , Assenga Justine , Kimera Sharadhuli I , Nessele Moses Ole
Published: April 2023

Background Solving complex public health challenges requires integrated approaches to health, such as One Health. A key element of the One Health approach is the interrelationship between human, animal and environmental health and the associated multistakeholder collaboration across many cultural, disciplinary, institutional and sectoral boundaries. Here we describe a pragmatic approach for One Health operationalisation basing on our long-term engagement with communities faced with health challenges in a human-livestock-wildlife interface in the Maasai steppe in northern Tanzania.Methods Using a qualitative study design we performed an outcome mapping to document insights on results integration from our previous project. Data were collected through participatory community meetings, in-depth interviews and field observations. Field notes were coded and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.Results We found that effective implementation of One Health interventions in complex ecosystems works best by understanding local conditions and their context and by working closely with the local people and relevant disciplinary players as one complex adaptive system. Community engagement, systems analysis, transdisciplinarity as well as political commitment played critical roles in successful operationalization of One Health. We have further emphasized that project ownership is as important to the local community as it is to the researchers. When used in combination, these elements (community engagement, systems analysis, transdisciplinarity) provide essential pillars for co-creation and maintaining collective action to set a common vision across disciplines, serving as inputs for a metrics-based toolbox for One Health operationalisation.Conclusion Considering the novelty and complexity of One Health operationalisation, there is need also to develop scorecard-based guidance for assessment of One Health programs at local and national level. This paper proposes a framework for the optimization of an ecosystems-based One Health approach for prevention and control of Vector-Borne Diseases implemented at the local, sub-national or national level.
A Multicentre Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis (SAH).
Authors: Sidhu Sandeep , Dusseja A , . Shalimar , Nijhawan Sandeep , Kapoor Dharmesh , Goyal Omesh , Kishore Harsh
Published: April 2023

Background
Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH) in patients of 2 contemporary Randomized Controlled Trials in India was extremely severe: Maddrey’s Discriminant Function (mDF) [score of 77.4–84 ; MELD of 26–27.5]. The survival rate was very low: 22–30.4%. A pilot study from our group had recently treated ten patients with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis (SAH) with Bovine colostrum (BC) [20 g thrice in a day for eight weeks] and prednisolone [40 mg once a day for four weeks, tapered over four weeks]. This combo therapy improved the biological function and the survival rate in these extremely sick patients. The aim of this study is to study the safety and efficacy of BC in the treatment of extremely SAH .
Method
This is a multicenter, parallel, double-blind, randomised (1:1) placebo- controlled trial. Patients will be diagnosed with AH using clinical criteria. Up to 174 participants will be recruited from 5 academic centers in the India. Patients will receive freeze dried BC or placebo by random 1:1 allocation for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure is survival at 3 months. The secondary outcome measures are survival at 1 month, change in mDF and MELD scores, change in Endotoxin and Cytokines (alpha TNF, IL6 & IL8 ) levels, number of episodes of sepsis (Pneumonia, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis, Cellulitis, Urinary Tract Infection) from baseline to 4 weeks.
Discussion
This study will confirm the safety and efficacy of Bovine Colostrum in improving the survival of patients with extremely severe SAH .
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02473341. Prospectively registered on June 16, 2015
Protocol version: V-4.0
AdsorbML: A Leap in Efficiency for Adsorption Energy Calculations using Generalizable Machine Learning Potentials
Authors: Lan Janice , Palizhati Aini , Shuaibi Muhammed , Wood Brandon , Wander Brook , Das Abhishek , Uyttendaele Matt , Zitnick C. , Ulissi Zachary
Published: April 2023

Computational catalysis is playing an increasingly significant role in the design of catalysts across a wide range of applications. A common task for many computational methods is the need to accurately compute the minimum binding energy — the adsorption energy — for an adsorbate and a catalyst surface of interest. Traditionally, the identification of low energy adsorbate-surface configurations relies on heuristic methods and researcher intuition. As the desire to perform high-throughput screening increases, it becomes challenging to use heuristics and intuition alone. In this paper, we demonstrate machine learning potentials can be leveraged to more accurately and efficiently identify low energy adsorbate-surface configurations. Our DFT verified algorithm provides a spectrum of performance trade-offs, with one balanced option finding the lowest energy configuration, within a 0.1 eV threshold, 86.33% of the time, while achieving a 1331x speedup in computation. To standardize benchmarking, we introduce the Open Catalyst Dense dataset containing nearly 1,000 diverse surfaces and 85,658 unique configurations.
A Meta-Heuristic Routing Optimization Framework for Reducing Traveling Time in Smart Cities
Authors: Song Haiying , Xie Wenwu , Zhu Peng
Published: April 2023

Increasing of cities number and urban population has created huge impact on smart cities, intelligent tourism and intelligent logistics. We propose a meta-heuristic routing optimization framework (MROF) based on flower pollination algorithm (FPA) to obtain the planned path with the shortest traveling time. Firstly, we design an iteration-based Gaussian selection method to balance the search capability between global exploration and local exploitation. Then, we design two selection strategies based on Lévy flight and Cauchy distribution to select neighboring structures, in which both self-pollination and cross-pollination require suitable updating strategies to improve search ability. Finally, the tabu strategy, to increase the proposed framework’s search ability, is integrated into the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms significantly.
Influence of Sexual Dimorphism and Dichromatism on Reproductive Success in a Rare Native Cactus
Authors: Ramadoss Niveditha , Steele Scarlet , Flores-Renteria Lluvia
Published: April 2023

Identifying plant sexual dimorphic traits is critical in advancing our knowledge on plant-pollinator interactions. For example, dimorphism in floral colors, or sexual dichromatism, is a crucial mediator of pollinator choice on foraging decisions. We studied Cylindropuntia wolfii, an exemplary model system, with diverse flower colors and a functionally dioecious sexual system. However, it is struggling to reproduce sexually as it has a low seed set especially in naturally pollinated fruits. Thus, it is critical to this native species’ conservation to investigate its relationship with pollinators. Our goals were to: a) investigate the sexual dimorphism including the sexual dichromatism in the flowers of the cactus, and b) determine whether sexually dimorphic traits affect the pollinator attraction of both the sexes. We measured several quantitative and qualitative traits for sexual dimorphism and compared them using statistical analyses. Then we recorded the pollinator visitation rate in nature for both sexes and tracked pollinator color preference using fluorescent dyes as pollen analogues. Our study showed that male flowers of C. wolfii are bigger and brighter, and they attract more potential pollinators than females, supporting that sexual dimorphism influences pollinator visitation preference. Fluorescence dichromatism plays a role on pollinator visitation in this species, in which female flowers’ anthers fluoresce more than male flower anthers suggesting this could be female flowers’ strategy to compensate for their dark colors and small size. The results from this study showed that C. wolfii exhibits sexual dichromatism and fluorescence dichromatism, which is a novel finding in plant research.
Costs and cost-effectiveness of Shamiri, a brief, layperson-delivered intervention for Kenyan adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kacmarek Corinne N. , Johnson Natalie E. , Osborn Tom L. , Wasanga Christine , Weisz John R. , Yates Brian T.
Published: April 2023

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have the highest socio-economic burden of mental health disorders, yet the fewest resources for prevention. Recently, many intervention strategies — including the use of brief, scalable interventions— have emerged as ways of reducing the mental health treatment gap in LMICs. But how do decision makers prioritize and optimize the allocation of limited resources? One approach is through the evaluation of delivery costs alongside intervention effectiveness of various types of interventions. Here, we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Shamiri, a group– and school–based intervention for adolescent depression and anxiety that is delivered by lay-provider and that teaches growth mindset, gratitude, and value affirmation.
Methods: We estimated the cost-effectiveness of Shamiri using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) guidelines for economic evaluations. Changes in depression and anxiety were estimated at treatment termination and 7-month follow-up using a standard definition and reliable and clinically significant change definition of treatment benefit. Cost-effectiveness metrics included effectiveness-cost ratios and cost per number needed to treat.
Results: Base case cost assumptions estimated that delivering Shamiri cost $15.17 (in 2021 U.S dollars) per student. A sensitivity analysis, which varied cost and clinical change definitions, estimated it cost between $48.28 and $172.72 to help 1 student in Shamiri, relative to the control, achieve reliable and clinically significant change in depression and anxiety by 7-month follow-up.
Conclusions: Shamiri appears to be a low-cost intervention that can produce clinically meaningful reductions in depression and anxiety. Lay providers can deliver effective treatment for a fraction of the time that is required to become a licensed mental health provider (10 days vs. multiple years), which is a strength from an economic perspective. Additionally, Shamiri produced reliable and clinically significant reductions in depression and anxiety after only 4 weekly sessions instead of the traditional 12-16 weekly sessions necessary for gold-standard cognitive behavioral therapy. The cost per “treated” student is acceptable relative to other school-based adolescent mental health interventions that have ranged from $52 to $56,500 per student with a successful outcome.
Trial registration: This study was registered prior to participant enrollment in the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201906525818462), registered 20 Jun 2019, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.
The expression of CD24 in granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome affects the clinical outcome of assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Yin Zhe , Jiao Yufan , Chen Qizhen , Guo Shana , Liang Jiaqi , Wu Hao , Wang Yanqiu , Wu Huanmei
Published: April 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders affecting approximately 5-20% of women in the reproductive age. Patients with PCOS also have chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which can lead to abnormalities in the follicular development microenvironment, resulting in the accumulation of small follicles in the ovary, polycystic ovarian morphology, and ovulatory dysfunction. Some studies have shown that CD24 has multiple immune functions and plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory responses, and tumors. Moreover, recent studies indicated that CD24 plays a critical role in ovulation and may be related to PCOS. However, there is a lack of clinical data support, and the mechanism by which CD24 affects PCOS remains unclear. In this study, we explored CD24 differential expression in ovarian granulosa cells of patients with PCOS infertility by SCRB-Seq (single cell RNA barcoding and sequencing). Furthermore, increased CD24 mRNA level correlated with serum AMH in ovarian granulosa cells and BMI index. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between granulosa cell CD24 mRNA expression and numbers of retrieved oocytes, two-pronuclear zygotes (2PN), transferable embryos, good quality embryos and cleaved embryos. At the same time, we found that CD24 mRNA is significantly higher in pregnant patients than in non-pregnant ones in granulosa cells, suggesting that CD24 is associated with PCOS, and it may influence the clinical outcome of PCOS patients undergoing IVF.
How does population aging affect China's energy consumption?
Authors: Yu Yuehan , Feng Hao , Yuan Rong
Published: April 2023

In China, the proportion of elderly population is growing, influencing economic development and energy consumption. We examine the correlation between China’s population aging and energy consumption in short and long run from 1997 to 2020 using the pooled mean group (PMG) estimation and debate the mechanisms behind it based on mediating effects and threshold effects models. According to the PMG results, for energy consumption, the long-term impact from population aging is negative, with each 1% population aging increase leading to a 0.348% decrease in energy consumption. GDP per capita and capital stock have positive correlations with energy consumption, while industrial structure is negatively correlated. Technological progress significantly increases the amount of energy consumption. The scale and technological effects is responsible for the mediating role in the negative effect of population aging on energy consumption, according to the mechanism analysis. Moreover, both population size and technological progress construct the nonlinear relationship between population aging and energy consumption. Policy implications suggest a comprehensive approach to reducing population growth, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable technologies while promoting sustainable economic development.
The Importance of Decreased Expression Levels of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 in Circulating Leukocytes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Senturk Hilal , Karaayvaz Ekrem Bilal , Oksen Dogac , Yildiz Mustafa , Yildiz Cenk Eray , Gedikbasi Asuman , Komurcu-Bayrak Evrim
Published: April 2023

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to show the relationships and possible effects of the expression level of two lncRNAs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in circulating leukocytes.
Methods and Results: In this case-control study, the relationship between AMI and expression levels of two candidate lncRNAs, called BAT5 (HLA-B-Associated Transcript 5) and IL21R-AS1 (IL21R antisense RNA 1), in 231 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions were investigated. Expression levels of lncRNAs in leukocytes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The m6A modification regions and subcellular localizations of these lncRNAs were predicted by in silico analysis. Routine biochemical and immunoassay analyzes were performed on Roche Cobas 8000/e701 integrated automated analyzer with their original kits. Ranked ANCOVA tests were used to compare expression levels of lncRNAs between groups after adjusting for gender and use of cardiovascular drugs. The crude and adjusted expression levels of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 in leukocytes of AMI patients (n=128) were found to decrease compared to the control cases (n=103) (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). In addition, these lncRNAs were negatively correlated with cardiac biomarkers and serum electrolytes in each group (p<0.015). The intracellular functional localization of both lncRNAs is non-nuclear. The number of high confidence m6A modification regions of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 transcripts was determined as 5 and 4, respectively.
Conclusion: This study indicates that the decreased expression levels of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 are associated with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in individuals.
Electronic sensing and ablation needles for medical diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Hu Yijiang , Limpabandhu Chayabhan , Tse Zion
Published: April 2023

Electronic biopsy sensing needle caught researchers’ interest as they cause minimal damage to patient’s viscera and vascular tissues and utilize AC voltage to measure the bioimpedance changes in pathological tissue. Researchers have studied the application of bioimpedance sensing in needle-based devices to diagnose cancer, extravasation, and neuromuscular disease. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) have been selected technique to analyse the electrical properties of bio-tissues. Biopsy sensing needles are classified into conventional needles and novel needles, differing in their structure and technique application. Conventional needles consisted of an inner element (a metal wire) and an outer element (a metal cannula), which are electrically isolated. The majority of novel needles are comprised of new sensors/electrodes on the surface of the needle shaft, with the needles being fabricated using new materials and methods. Novel techniques such as RF wirelessly powering, ultrasonic wirelessly powering, and electrolytic non-thermal ablation were researched in RF ablation. This review paper focuses on presenting the applications of electronic needles in medical diagnosis and treatment. The experiment results of pathological detection by conventional sensing needles are presented. Then, the structure, material, fabrication methods, and test results of novel sensing needles are introduced. Furthermore, novel tissue discrimination methods and novel RF ablation needles are introduced. Finally challenges and future work are discussed.
Visualization of π-hole in molecules by means of Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Jelinek Pavel , Mallada Benjamin , Ondracek Martin , Lamanec Maximilián , Gallardo Aurelio , Jiménez-Martín Alejandro , Torre Bruno de la , Hobza Pavel
Published: April 2023

Submolecular charge distribution significantly affects the physical-chemical properties of molecules and their mutual interaction. One example is the presence of a π-electron-deficient cavity in halogen-substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the so-called π-holes, the existence of which was predicted theoretically, but the direct experimental observation is still missing. Here we present the resolution of the π-hole on a single molecule using the Kelvin probe force microscopy, which confirms the theoretical prediction of its existence. In addition, experimental measurements supported by theoretical calculations show the importance of π-holes in the process of adsorption of molecules on solid-state surfaces. This study expands our understanding of the π-hole systems and, at the same time, opens up possibilities for studying the influence of submolecular charge distribution on the chemical properties of molecules and their mutual interaction.
Anesthesiologists’ conceptions of learning anesthesia in the context of their specialty training program: A phenomenographic study.
Authors: Chin Hanna , Ingerman Åke , Hergès Helena Odenstedt
Published: April 2023

Background
There are challenges and complexities involved in training anesthesiologists, particularly in defining and teaching excellence in anesthesia. While formal curricula cover knowledge, practical skills, and professional competencies, the acquisition of less easily defined skills, such as tacit knowledge, is often overlooked. The focus on measurable competencies has resulted in a lack of attention to the true curriculum of anesthesia education. Competency-based training has been proposed as a way to bridge this gap but may oversimplify the complex aspects of professional anesthesia practice.
This study uses a phenomenographic research approach to investigate how anesthesiology trainees and specialists, from a student perspective, perceive an excellent anesthesiologist and the learning process. The aim is to develop a well-articulated descriptive framework of the essence and important educational aspects of a specialty training program in anesthesia.
Methods
15 semi-structured interviews about their understanding of learning anesthesia were conducted with trainees and specialists at a university hospital in Sweden. Data were analyzed using a phenomenographic approach.
Results
This study identified three different conceptions of learning anesthesia within the context of a specialty training program: "Learning Competencies of Anesthesia," "Learning Work as an Anesthesiologist" and "Learning Being an Anesthesiology Professional." These conceptions ranged from a relatively instrumental view of education and self-responsibility for learning to a perspective of continuous personal reflection and development integrated with professional interaction. The three conceptions can be described in six dimensions describing the variation in approach to learning and the conceptualization of an anesthesiologist. Relationships between the conceptions and the dimensions were represented in a descriptive framework, showing the hierarchy of increasing understanding.
Conclusion
This study has identified various perspectives of students on what it means to be an anesthesiologist and the learning process involved in becoming one. This provides a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of learning in this field. These insights are invaluable for various stakeholders, including organizers of specialty training programs, educational supervisors, and specialty trainees. They have the potential to aid in the development of future training programs, help teachers support students, and provide accurate information on what and how to learn for specialty trainees in anesthesiology.
Effect mechanism of serrated joint design on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2024 and AA7075 alloy friction stir welding
Authors: Zhou Yutao , Deng Yongfang , Zeng Jincheng , Ou Yangxin , Hu liang , Li ZiHang , Liu BaixXong
Published: April 2023

In this study, three different parameters of the serrated joint interface design are proposed to improve the strength of the joint,and the relationship between joint design and mechanical properties was studied in detail. In addition, the influence of joint design on welding was also studied.The results show that the joint strength increases first and then decreases with the increase of the width of the serrated joint. When the width of serrated joint is 1.5mm, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint is the highest (383Mpa). With the width of the serrated joint increases, the effective load bearing area increases and the energy caused by work hardening increases. When the width of the joint is too wide, defects such as holes will occur at the bottom of the material, ultimately resulting in decreased strength.In addition, the number of fine hook structures formed at the interface is related to the width of the joint design. The wider the width of the serrated joint, the more hook structures are formed.
A Piece-wise solution to Bipolar Fuzzy Initial Value Problem
Authors: Ahmady Elham , Ahmady Nazanin , Allahviranloo Tofigh
Published: April 2023

In this work, a new solution for the bipolar fuzzy initial value problem is proposed. This method is obtained by approximating the solution by piece-wise polynomial of order three. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the method are discussed in detail. Finally, for more explanation, several numerical examples are solved.
Nanodrug delivery system targeting FAP for the combined treatment of oral leukoplakia
Authors: Li Ran , Zhao Yingjiao , Liu Tiantian , Li Yanwei , Wan Chaoqiong , Gao Ruifang , Liu Chen , Li Xianqi , Li Bing
Published: April 2023

Oral leukoplakia (OLK) has received much attention due to its potential risk of malignant transformation. Studies have shown that when drug therapy is combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), not only can the cytotoxicity of the drug be enhanced, but also the heat energy can be used to kill the lesion cells, so we can combine drug therapy with PTT to enhance the therapeutic effect on OLK. However, with certain drawbacks due to its lack of targeting, fibroblast activating protein (FAP) has become an attractive target for OLK combination therapy. In this study, we used NGO-PEG loaded with FAP-targeting peptide and celecoxib (CXB) to construct a nano-drug delivery system CGPF for targeting OLK with high FAP expression, and confirmed the biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of CGPF by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Overall, the novel nano-drug delivery system CGPF proposed in this study showed a very significant potential for the combination therapy of OLK.
A content analysis of YouTube Videos on Tinnitus in South Korea
Authors: Seo Hee Won , Ha Jung Woo , Kwak Jin Hye , Byun Hayoung , Lee Seung Hwan , Chung Jae Ho
Published: April 2023

More people use the internet for medical information, especially YouTube. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted to analyze the quality of YouTube videos about tinnitus in Korea. This study aims to review the contents and quality of YouTube videos on tinnitus. The top 100 Korean YouTube videos on tinnitus were reviewed by a tinnitus expert. This study assessed video details: title, creator, length, and popularity indicators - subscribers, views, and likes. The contents of the video clips were analyzed to determine the relevant information they contained, and their understandability and actionability scores were also assessed. Out of 100 tinnitus videos, 27 were created by otolaryngologists, 25 by Oriental medicine doctors, 25 by other medical professionals, and 3 by lay persons. Sensorineural tinnitus was frequently dealt, and hearing loss, stress, and noise were introduced as main causes of tinnitus. Otolaryngologists' videos covered verified treatments, but others suggested unproven therapies including herbal medicine or acupressure. Otolaryngologists' videos had higher understandability than Oriental doctors (p = 0.003) and other medical professionals (p < 0.001). This study found that tinnitus YouTube videos frequently present low-quality and incorrect material, which could have an adverse effect on patients. Results highlight the need for tinnitus specialists to provide accurate information.
Optimal Energy Management Applying Load Elasticity Integrating Renewable Resources
Authors: Ragab Mohamed Mustafa , Ibrahim Rania A. , Desouki Hussein , Swief Rania
Published: April 2023

Urban growth aimed at developing smart cities confronts several obstacles, such as difficulties and costs in constructing stations and meeting consumer demands. These are possible to overcome by integrating Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) with the help of demand side management (DSM) for managing generation and loading profiles to minimize electricity bills while accounting for reduction in carbon emissions and the peak to average ratio (PAR) of the load. This study aims to achieve a multi-objective goal of optimizing energy management in smart cities which is accomplished by optimally allocating RESs combined with demand response (DR) for creating a flexible load profile under RESs and load uncertainty. A comprehensive study is applied to IEEE 69-bus with different scenarios using Sea-Horse Optimization (SHO) for optimal citing and sizing of the RESs while serving the objectives of minimizing total power losses and reducing PAR. SHO performance is evaluated and compared to other techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Whale Optimization (WO) algorithms. The results show that combining elastic load shifting with optimal sizing and allocation using SHO achieves a global optimum solution for the highest power loss reduction while using a significantly smaller sized RESs than the counterpart.
An Investigation on Administration of Medicines and Survival in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treated with Nintedanib or Pirfenidone
Authors: Zhao Ruiming , Xie Bingbing , Wang Xin , Zhang Xinran , Ren Yanhong , Dai Huaping , Wang Chen
Published: April 2023

Background:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal lung disease that lacking effective therapeutics. Treatment with pirfenidone or nintedanib is recommended for patients to delay the progression of the disease. Anti-fibrosis drugs may cause adverse reactions, even interrupt the treatment, affecting the disease's progress.
Objective:To investigation the current situation and adverse reactions of using pirfenidone and nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Methods: We recruited patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who were treated with pirfenidone or nintedanib in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from February 2017 to February 2022. Conduct an investigation of the medication situation, adverse reactions and survival of patients while taking medications.
Results: A total of 303 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were enrolled in the study, including 205 patients received pirfenidone and 98 patients received nintedanib. Baseline data between the two groups were not significantly different. Patients treated with nintedanib had a higher overall discontinuation rate than those treated with pirfenidone (61.22 vs 32.68%, P<0.001). The primary reason of patients discontinued treatment across all patient groups is medication-related adverse effects. Compared to pirfenidone, nintedanib had a significantly higher rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (48.98% vs 27.80%, P<0.001). Both drugs have digestive system side effects, diarrhea is the most common. Pirfenidone was associated with a higher rate of extra-digestive adverse effects than nintedanib. Survival was not significantly different between the two drugs, and the use of pirfenidone above 1200 mg/day did not confer significant survival benefits.
Conclusion: Gastrointestinal adverse effects are the main adverse effects that arise from performing antifibrotic therapy. Patients taking nintedanib were more likely to interrupt their treatment due to gastrointestinal side effects, while patients taking pirfenidone had more extra gastrointestinal side effects. It is possible that patients might benefit from modifying dosages of antifibrotic drugs according to their own tolerance, but taking more than 1200 mg/day of pirfenidone did not seem to produce any significant improvements in patient survival time.
Automated Glaucoma Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Singh Sukhpal , Sambyal Nitigya , Aggarwal Ashutosh
Published: April 2023

Glaucoma is a degenerative eye disease that affects the optic nerve. If untreated, it can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness. Early detection and treatment of glaucoma are essential to prevent and control irreversible vision loss. In this paper, we have proposed a deep learning-based method for the automated detection of glaucoma from fundus images. We have designed and implemented two convolutional neural network models, namely modified VGG16 and modified ResNet-50, for automatic feature extraction and classification. On the ACRIMA dataset, the proposed modified VGG16 achieved 94% accuracy, 80.95% specificity and 97.47% sensitivity. In comparison, the modified ResNet-50 model achieved 93% accuracy, 85.71% specificity and 94.94% sensitivity. Both the models outperformed the existing glaucoma detection methods in literature and provided state-of-the-art results. The proposed deep learning models have the potential to significantly improve the accuracy, speed, and convenience of glaucoma screening and diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. The results of our study suggest that deep learning models can serve as practical tools for automated glaucoma detection and assist clinicians in early diagnosis, leading to timely treatment.
Catalytic degradation of organic pollutant by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. leaves
Authors: Moond Monika , Singh Sushila , Sangwan Seema , Devi Ritu , Beniwal Anuradha , Rani Jyoti , Beniwal Rajita , Sharma Rajni Kant
Published: April 2023

The usefulness of plant extracts in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received a lot of interest since it is easy, environmentally benign, stable and economical. The present study involves biosynthesis of AgNPs using Trigonella foenum-graceum L. leaf extract belonging to specific variety HM (Hisar Mukta) 425. The different reaction conditions such as amount of leaf extract, temperature, concentration of silver nitrate, pH and incubation period were optimized by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The average particle size, morphology and elemental composition of the AgNPs were studied through UV-Vis spectroscopy, Particle size analyser (PSA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The average size of AgNPs was found to be 19 nm and were spherical in shape. The efficacy of AgNPs as a catalyst was confirmed by the 13 minutes completion of the organic pollutant p-nitrophenol (p-NP) reduction. Their catalytic capabilities strongly support the use of AgNPs in the purification of contaminated water.
The Effect of Comorbid Somatic Pain and Psychiatric Disorder on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Malocclusion
Authors: Xie Yaxin , Ye Shiyang , Li Yuanhong , He Jiayue , Han Xianglong
Published: April 2023

Background Malocclusion patients, as a population highly concerned with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), are especially at risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Since somatic pains are frequently accompanied by psychiatric disorders, a growing body of research is starting to focus on this comorbidity in the orthodontic patient population. However, the relationships among somatic pains, psychiatric disorders, and impaired OHRQoL during orthodontic treatment remain unknown.Method In the current study, scale measurements including somatic pain (quantified by PHQ-15), mental disorders (quantified by HEI, PIDAQ, and SCL90), and OHRQoL (verified by OHIP-14) were collected from 769 outpatients in the orthodontic department. According to their reports of the presence or absence of somatic pain, respondents were divided into with symptoms and without symptoms groups. Variation analysis and correlation analysis were used to investigate the relationships among different clinical assessments. A chained mediation model was further conducted to explore the direct and indirect effects of these various clinical factors.Results The scores of HEI, SCL90, and OHIP-14 were significantly higher in the patients with somatic pain symptoms (P < 0.001). The higher PHQ-15-P and HEI scores remained as statistically significant predictors of lower OHIP-14 scores (P < 0.001). Anxiety and depression partially mediated the correlation between somatic pain and OHRQoL, of which the mediation effect of anxiety (52.9%) dominated the indirect effect.Conclusion Orthodontic Patients with somatic pain symptoms were at significantly higher risk for mental disorders and lower OHRQoL. Somatic pain can influence the orofacial system and was partially mediated by comorbid anxiety and depression. The comorbidity of somatic symptoms and psychological disorders influence the quality of life significantly and thus the prognosis of the orthodontic treatment.
Simulation of Chinese Language and Text Information System Processing Mode Based on Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Mengzhan Zhou
Published: April 2023

With the popularization of computers, artificial intelligence technology has become more and more mature, among which speech recognition technology in artificial intelligence is favored by people. In the past few years, the acoustic model combined with the Gaussian mixture model and the hidden Markov model has always been in the leading position. In the field of speech recognition technology, because the development of speech data has gradually expanded, and the complexity of the data has also increased. The larger the data, the traditional data network model is slowly showing inadequacy. However, the deep neural network model is easy to deal with large and complex data modeling. This article combines the advantages of basic learning theory and speech recognition technology, and launches in-depth research on embedding learning theoretical knowledge into the field of speech recognition. Nowadays, large-scale text information databases relying on computers are becoming more and more important in linguistic research, and a large-scale corpus that fully reflects language facts and contains rich language information has been constructed. The establishment of the text information database system is long, from word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging to syntactic tagging to semantic tagging. Therefore, the characteristic of information system processing is that the systematic description depends on the application environment of understanding vocabulary and reasoning. According to different scenarios, the realization methods of semantic description roles are also different, and the description of semantic roles in correct scenarios is clearer, more detailed and systematic. Therefore, this article is of great significance for solving the semantic problem of using Chinese frame network for Chinese information processing in the context of speech recognition.
Chest Circumference Predicts MAFLD Better than Waist Circumference and BMI in Obese Prepubertal Children Aged 8 Years
Authors: Zeng Jing , Jin Qian , Yang Jing , Yang Rui-Xu , Zhang Rui-Nan , Zhao Jian , Fan Jian-Gao
Published: April 2023

Backgroundand Aim
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents a new inclusive definition of the entire spectrum of liver diseases associated with metabolic disorders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MAFLD using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values obtained by transient elastography (TE) technique and identify the optimal predicator for diagnosing MAFLD in this population.
Methods
This study enrolled children who were part of the Shanghai Birth Cohort Study and had completed the 8-year-old follow-up. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and FibroScan-502 examination with an M probe (Echosens, Paris, France) was conducted on these children. The diagnosis of MAFLD was based on the median CAP exceeding 248 dB/m and predefined criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify the optimal predicator for MAFLD in these children.
Results
A total of 848 healthy 8-year-old children (431 boys and 417 girls) who participated in the Shanghai Birth Cohort Study were included in the analysis. Among them, 113 (13.33%) children were classified as obese. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in boys (17.63%) than in girls (8.87%) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher in girls (34.05%) than in boys (22.04%) (p < 0.001). MAFLD was diagnosed in 29 (3.42%) children. The prevalence of MAFLD was significantly higher in the obese group (15.93%) than in the non-obese group (1.50%) (p < 0.05). Children with MAFLD had significantly higher weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and liver stiffness measurement than non-MAFLD (all p < 0.05). Waist circumference (OR: 1.187; 95%CI: 1.132-1.243; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with the presence of MAFLD in these participants in multivariate linear regression analyses. Chest circumference (OR: 1.321; 95%CI: 1.123-1.424; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with the presence of MAFLD in obese participants and had the largest AUC of 0.813 in ROC curve analysis.
Conclusion
This study highlights the prevalence of MAFLD in prepubertal children, particularly in the obese subgroup. Our findings also suggest that chest circumference is an optimal anthropometric predicator for MAFLD in 8-year-old obese children.