bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of point-of-sale data in demand planning in the South African clothing retail industry
Authors: Raza Douglas N. , Kilbourn Peter J.
Published: August 2017

Background: In modern days’ dynamic consumer markets, supply chains need to be value driven and consumer oriented. Demand planning allows supply chain members to focus on the consumer and create optimal value. In demand planning, Point-of-Sale (POS) data are an essential input to the process thereof; however, literature suggests that POS-based demand planning is often overlooked by demand planners in practice.Objective: The main purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which South African clothing retailers use POS data in demand planning.Method: This study followed the grounded theory approach based on the collection of qualitative data. The data collected was analysed following the grounded theory analysis using codes that resulted in various categories which then developed into themes.Findings: Findings suggest that companies within the clothing retail industry make considerable use of POS data and is a fundamental input factor in the demand planning process. However, this study also found that POS data cannot be applied in the planning for all types of clothing products, and that there are variables other than POS data that form a critical part of the demand planning process.Conclusion: POS data plays a fundamental role is the demand planning process and should be accurately collected and used with other qualitative and quantitative factors as an input factor to the demand planning process. The role of POS data in demand planning is expected to grow as customers are becoming increasingly demanding concerning customer service levels.
Seeking God's shalom in South African cities through a new glocal togetherness
Authors: Ferreira Ignatius W.
Published: August 2017

The objective of this article is to clearly reflect the reality of our modern world experiencing the convergence of two mighty movements meeting and flowing into each other. The first stream is the tidal wave of people migrating to the urban centres of our globalising world. The second stream is the result of a massive shift in the centre of Christianity away from its traditional rootedness in Western Christendom. The biggest challenge of our time is for this Christian Church, still stuck in the prevailing Christendom paradigm, to wake up to and actively engage this new post-Christendom context. This article would like to draw specific attention to the South African context where the traditional Western and now developing Southern Christianity find a common Developing World intersection. As ‘pilgrims or exiles’ that is facing a strange and confronting new world, the Western Church should accept the new missiological challenge that globalisation and urbanisation presents. The Western Church must heed a very urgent call to stay relevant and be actively involved in God’s global missio Dei currently unfolding in our world. The only way for the Christian Church to be local instruments of God’s Kingdom in a new urban world, is to actively seek a new glocal togetherness.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The Western theological academy needs to urgently engage the social sciences in order to cooperate and collaborate in all areas of urban and social development, urban planning, community development and even urban advocacy for the needs of the urban poor and marginalised. The Christian Church, as God’s ‘missionary people’, is Biblically mandated and spiritually equipped to be actively involved in the urban challenges that globalisation and urbanisation present.
An assessment of the LIFEPLAN® programme as a possible approach to Christian formation
Authors: Freeks Fazel E.
Published: August 2017

The article places emphasis on the youth in the Christiana district, South Africa. It seems that the youth in South Africa face serious challenges and problems. The emphasis is especially on the farming communities in Christiana in the North-West Province who struggle with violence, alcoholism, poverty, unemployment, occultism and Satanism. The growing statistics of drug abuse, substance use, violence, rape, prostitution, child trafficking, etc. make the challenges widespread and lead to the lives of many young people being destroyed. Through holistic missional outreach programmes, the youth of the Christiana district can be a great harvest to be reaped because the programmes give hope and enrich lives in spite of the challenges the community is facing. The LIFEPLAN® engagement programme, in particular, is a training and equipping tool, which includes various important and relevant aspects that deal with the above-mentioned problems and seeks creative solutions to inspire and equip young people to become responsible citizens in their communities. The goal of the programme is to provide a guide and aid for outreach to the youth of this district with the aim to change, resolve, improve and enrich the lives of young people to ensure Christian formation as a valid alternative for destructive lifestyles, leading to a more meaningful and productive life.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Socio-economic environment and destructive behavioural patterns lead to many lives destroyed. Preliminary results suggested behavioural modifications linked to biblio-moral intervention. LIFEPLAN® has a transdisciplinary approach comprising three main disciplines and constituencies, Theology, Education and Health. It seeks creative solutions to inspire and equip the youth to become responsible citizens in their communities.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire
Authors: Shafeei Asrin , Mokhtarinia Hamid Reza , Maleki-Ghahfarokhi Azam , Piri Leila
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Observational study.

Purpose

To cross-culturally translate the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPQ) into Persian and then evaluate its psychometric properties (reliability, validity, ceiling, and flooring effects).

Overview of Literature

To the authors' knowledge, prior to this study there has been no validated instrument to screen the risk of chronicity in Persian-speaking patients with low back pain (LBP) in Iran. The OMPQ was specifically developed as a self-administered screening tool for assessing the risk of LBP chronicity.

Methods

The forward–backward translation method was used for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire. In total, 202 patients with subacute LBP completed the OMPQ and the pain disability questionnaire (PDQ), which was used to assess convergent validity. 62 patients completed the OMPQ a week later as a retest.

Results

Slight changes were made to the OMPQ during the translation/cultural adaptation process; face validity of the Persian version was obtained. The Persian OMPQ showed excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.89). Its internal consistency was 0.71, and its convergent validity was confirmed by good correlation coefficient between the OMPQ and PDQ total scores (r=0.72, p<0.05). No ceiling or floor effects were observed.

Conclusions

The Persian version of the OMPQ is acceptable for the target society in terms of face validity, construct validity, reliability, and consistency. It is therefore considered a useful instrument for screening Iranian patients with LBP.
Prolonged Physiotherapy versus Early Surgical Intervention in Patients with Lumbar Disk Herniation: Short-term Outcomes of Clinical Randomized Trial
Authors: Abou-Elroos Doaa Abdelmohsen , El-Toukhy Mirvat Abd El-Hameed , Nageeb Ghada Sanad , Dawood Essam Abdelhameed , Abouhashem Safwat
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Purpose

We compared the disability and functional outcome after conservative treatment with prolonged physiotherapy versus early surgical intervention in patients with lumbar disk herniation.

Overview of Literature

Lumbar disk herniation is one of the most common causes of job-related disability in individuals less than 45 years old. Conservative treatment is the initial pathway for the majority of patients but the duration of conservative treatment remains debatable and the adverse effects of prolonged conservative treatment are still unclear. Prolonged duration of symptoms before surgical intervention is associated with worse outcomes than a short period of symptoms.

Methods

From June 2011 to July 2013, 60 patients with lumbar disk herniation at our institute were randomized into two groups. Group I was treated with prolonged physiotherapy and rehabilitation for 6 months, while group II was treated with early surgical discectomy. Oswestry disability index was used to assess disability, while the Prolo economic outcome rating scale was used to assess the work status.

Results

Most patients were males between 21 and 45 years old (mean age, 35.88±7.15). There was significant improvement in the disability and work status in both groups without statistically significant differences in the disability score at the second or third assessment. However, the Prolo scale became significantly better in group I than in group II patients during the second and third assessments.

Conclusions

A prolonged physiotherapy and rehabilitation program is a beneficial and successful treatment in patients with recently diagnosed lumbar disk herniation.
Adjacent Disc Stress Following Floating Lumbar Spine Fusion: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Srinivas Gunti Ranga , Kumar Malhar N. , Deb Anindya
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Experimental study.

Purpose

The study aimed to develop a finite element (FE) model to determine the stress on the discs adjacent to the fused segment following different types of floating lumbar spinal fusions.

Overview of Literature

The quantification of the adjacent disc stress following different types of floating lumbar fusions has not been reported. The magnitude of the stress on the discs above and below the floating fusion remains unknown.

Methods

A computer-aided engineering-based approach using implicit FE analysis was employed to assess the stress on the lumbar discs above and below the floating fusion segment (L4–L5) following anterior and posterior lumbar spine fusions at one, two, and three levels (with and without instrumentation).

Results

Both discs suprajacent and infrajacent to the floating fusion experienced increased stress, but the suprajacent disc experienced relatively high stress level. Instrumentation increased the stress on the discs suprajacent and infrajacent to the floating fusion, but the magnitude of stress on the suprajacent disc remained relatively high.

Conclusions

The FE model was employed under similar loading and boundary conditions to provide quantitative data, which will be useful for clinicians to understand the probable long-term effects of floating fusions.
Microsurgical Treatment of Sporadic and von Hippel-Lindau Disease Associated Spinal Hemangioblastomas: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Das Joe M. , Kesavapisharady Krishnakumar , Sadasivam Saravanan , Nair Suresh Narayanan
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose

To examine the clinical profile and surgical complications in patients with spinal hemangioblastomas and to evaluate the long-term outcome in them.

Overview of Literature

Although considered to be histologically benign, hemangioblastomas may cause significant neurological deficits. The proportion of spinal hemangioblastomas associated with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease has been estimated be 13%–59%. Preoperative neurological function correlates with postoperative neurological status. Studies have shown no difference in outcomes between sporadic and VHL-associated spinal hemangioblastomas.

Methods

This retrospective study included 14 consecutive patients treated for spinal hemangioblastomas at our institute between January 2000 and June 2013. The mean follow-up period was 5 years. Magnetic resonance imaging of the complete neuraxis was performed in all cases, and preoperative embolization was performed in two cases.

Results

In total, 14 patients underwent 18 surgeries, of which 15 were for spinal hemangioblastomas. Of all the patients, 86% had motor weakness and 79% presented with sensory disturbances. Preoperative McCormick functional grades were grade I in 7 (50%), grade II in 3 (21%), and grade III in 4 (29%) patients; 50% patients were diagnosed with VHL disease. All patients underwent complete resection of the tumor. Eight patients experienced deterioration in their neurological status in the immediate postoperative period; among them, five had gradual improvement. At 5-year follow-up, 11 (78.57%) patients showed good functional outcomes.

Conclusions

Microsurgical excision of spinal hemangioblastomas can cause postoperative morbidity, mainly in the form of neurological deterioration. Almost half of our patients had deterioration in the McCormick grade in the immediate postoperative period. However, a complete microsurgical excision can result in good long-term functional outcomes, as most of the immediate postoperative neurological deterioration in our patients was reversible. There was no difference in the long-term functional outcomes between sporadic and VHL-associated spinal hemangioblastomas.
Prevalence, Patterns, and Genetic Association Analysis of Modic Vertebral Endplate Changes
Authors: Kanna Rishi Mugesh , Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran , Rajagopalan Veera Ranjani , Natesan Senthil , Muthuraja Raveendran , Cheung Kenneth Man Chee , Chan Danny , Kao Patrick Yu Ping , Yee Anita , Shetty Ajoy Prasad
Published: August 2017

Study Design

A prospective genetic association study.

Purpose

The etiology of Modic changes (MCs) is unclear. Recently, the role of genetic factors in the etiology of MCs has been evaluated. However, studies with a larger patient subset are lacking, and candidate genes involved in other disc degeneration phenotypes have not been evaluated. We studied the prevalence of MCs and genetic association of 41 candidate genes in a large Indian cohort.

Overview of Literature

MCs are vertebral endplate signal changes predominantly observed in the lumbar spine. A significant association between MCs and lumbar disc degeneration and nonspecific low back pain has been described, with the etiopathogenesis implicating various mechanical, infective, and biochemical factors.

Methods

We studied 809 patients using 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging to determine the prevalence, patterns, distribution, and type of lumbar MCs. Genetic association analysis of 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 41 candidate genes was performed based on the presence or absence of MCs. SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenome platform, and an association test was performed using PLINK software.

Results

The mean age of the study population (n=809) was 36.7±10.8 years. Based on the presence of MCs, the cohort was divided into 702 controls and 107 cases (prevalence, 13%). MCs were more commonly present in the lower (149/251, 59.4%) than in the upper (102/251, 40.6%) endplates. L4–5 endplates were the most commonly affected levels (30.7%). Type 2 MCs were the most commonly observed pattern (n=206, 82%). The rs2228570 SNP of VDR (p=0.02) and rs17099008 SNP of MMP20 (p=0.03) were significantly associated with MCs.

Conclusions

Genetic polymorphisms of SNPs of VDR and MMP20 were significantly associated with MCs. Understanding the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of MCs is important for planning preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Serotonergic Antidepressants Are Associated with Increased Blood Loss and Risk for Transfusion in Single-Level Lumbar Fusion Surgery
Authors: Schadler Paul , Shue Jennifer , Moawad Mohamed , Girardi Federico P. , Cammisa Frank P. , Sama Andrew A. , Huang Russel C. , Lebl Darren R. , Craig Chad M. , Hughes Alexander P.
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Retrospective case-control study.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of antidepressants on blood loss and transfusion requirements in spinal surgery patients.

Overview of Literature

Several studies have shown an increase in perioperative bleeding in orthopedic surgery patients on antidepressant drug therapy, yet no study has examined the impact of these agents on spinal surgery patients.

Methods

Charts of patients who underwent single-level spinal fusion (posterior lumbar interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation) performed by five fellowship-trained surgeons at a tertiary spine center between 2008 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria included select medical comorbidities, select drug therapy, and Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification score of greater than 2. Serotonergic antidepressants were examined in multivariate analysis to assess their predictive value on estimated blood loss and risk of transfusion.

Results

A total of 235 patients, of which 52% were female, were included. Allogeneic blood was transfused in 7% of patients. The average estimated blood loss was 682±463 mL. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were taken by 10% of all patients. Multivariable regression analysis showed that intake of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was a significant predictor for blood loss (average increase of 34%, p=0.015) and for the need of allogeneic blood transfusion (odds ratio, 4.550; p=0.029).

Conclusions

There was a statistically significant association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and both increased blood loss and risk of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Surgeons and perioperative providers should take these findings into account when assessing patients' preoperative risk for blood loss and transfusion.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in 1,355 Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ganesan Sudhir , Acharya Anita Shankar , Chauhan Ravi , Acharya Shankar
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Purpose

To evaluate the prevalence and various risk factors for low back pain (LBP) in young adults in India.

Overview of Literature

LBP is an emerging problem in adolescents, with an incidence that is the highest in the third decade of life worldwide. Various risk factors such as obesity, smoking, family history, stress, and exercise have been described in the literature. This study was conducted because of paucity of data in the Indian literature.

Methods

A total of 1,355 (741 males and 641 females) young Indian Administrative Service aspirants and medical postgraduate aspirants aged 18–35 years were enrolled in the study. The subjects completed a detailed, semi-structured questionnaire that gathered data regarding their sociodemographic profile and factors considered to be risk factors for LBP. Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were measured and body mass index was calculated.

Results

Most subjects (90.6%) were aged 20–29 years (mean, 24.49; range, 18–35 years). Results indicated that the following factors were associated with LBP in young adults: marital status, previous history of spine problems, strenuous exercise, job satisfaction, monotony, stress, daily number of studying hours, and family history of spine problems (p<0.05). However, age, sex, smoking, alcoholism, coffee intake, mode and duration of travel, diet, frequency of weightlifting, wearing heels, studying posture, and frequency and type of sports activities were not associated with LBP.

Conclusions

The study identified various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that precipitated LBP in young adult Indians. Identifying these risk factors at an early stage will prevent LBP progression to a chronic disease state, thereby improving an individual's quality of life and increasing productivity.
Posterior Vertebrectomy and Circumferential Fusion for the Treatment of Advanced Thoracolumbar Kümmell Disease with Neurologic Deficit
Authors: Cho Yongjae
Published: August 2017

Study Design

Single-center, retrospective case series.

Purpose

To investigate the effectiveness of posterior vertebrectomy and circumferential fusion in patients with advanced Kümmell disease with neurologic deficit.

Overview of Literature

Various surgical options exist for the treatment of Kümmell disease, and determination of the appropriate treatment is based on the clinical and radiologic status of the patient. However, surgical intervention is required for patients with advanced Kümmell disease accompanied by neurologic deficit.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 22 neurologically compromised patients with advanced Kümmell disease who were treated surgically at Ewha Womans Hospital between January 2011 and January 2014. The surgical approach used by us was a posterior vertebrectomy with mesh cage insertion and segmental cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation. The tissue from the corpectomy was histopathologically examined. Anterior vertebral height, kyphotic angle, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and the Frankel classification were used to evaluate the efficacy of the procedure.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 26 months (range, 13–40 months). VAS score, anterior vertebral height, kyphotic angle, and neurologic state were significantly improved immediately postoperatively and at the last follow-up compared with preoperatively (p<0.05). Most patients exhibited intravertebral clefts on imaging, and postoperative pathology revealed bone necrosis.

Conclusions

Posterior vertebrectomy with mesh cage insertion and segmental cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation is an effective approach for treating patients with advanced Kümmell disease with neurologic deficit.
Long-term Outcomes of Unilateral Adrenalectomy in Patients with Dominant-side Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Paran, Haim , Elad, Guy , Benchetrit, Sydney , Griton, Igal , Haas, Ilana , Yaslowitz, Ori , Shmulevsky Pavel
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Usual treatment for patients with aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma is adrenalectomy, whereas adrenal hyperplasia is generally treated medically. Selective adrenal venous sampling (AVS) has been adopted to differentiate between adenoma and hyperplasia. A previous ratio used in our institution for the diagnosis of adenoma proved to be too low. As a result, a disproportionate number of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of adenoma were operated and subsequently found to have hyperplasia.

Materials and methods

This prospective study evaluated the long-term outcomes of unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the setting of lateralizing aldosterone hypersecretion caused by adrenal hyperplasia.

Results

Twelve patients with unilateral excess aldosterone production due to hyperplasia underwent dominant side adrenalectomy. Long-term follow-up (mean 12 years) of these patients showed that blood pressure decreased from a mean of 163.4 ± 17.5/100 to 131.5 ± 9.7/80 mm Hg (p < 0.05), and the number of antihypertensive drugs decreased from 4.3 ± 0.7 to 2.2 ± 0.9 (p < 0.05). Mean potassium level increased from 3.7 to 4.2 mEq/L and the plasma aldosterone level decreased from 26.5 to 10.1 ng/dL.

Conclusion

Dominant side adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) due to hyperplasia results in long-term clinical improvement. This procedure should be considered in selected patients with lateralization confirmed by venous sampling.

How to cite this article

Paran H, Elad G, Benchetrit S, Griton I, Haas I, Yaslowitz O, Shmulevsky P. Long-term Outcomes of Unilateral Adrenalectomy in Patients with Dominant-side Adrenal Hyperplasia. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):37-40.
Adrenal-renal Fusion: A Rare and Challenging Case for the Adrenal Surgeon
Authors: James, Benjamin C , Jeon, Hee D , Rozenfeld, Michael , Antic, Tatjana , Kaplan Edwin L , Angelos, Peter , Grogan Raymon H
Published: August 2017

Adrenal-renal fusion is a rare entity wherein the capsule of the adrenal gland is fused to the kidney. Here, we report a case of adrenal-renal fusion making intraoperative dissection challenging. We also report on four other cases of adrenal-renal fusion at our institution and a review of the literature. Although rare, radiologists and surgeons must be aware of this condition and consider it as a possibility, especially when dealing with upper pole renal lesions in order to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary resections.

How to cite this article

James BC, Jeon HD, Rozenfeld M, Antic T, Kaplan EL, Angelos P, Grogan RH. Adrenal-renal Fusion: A Rare and Challenging Case for the Adrenal Surgeon. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):61-64.
Glomus Jugulare Tumor: Selective Catecholamine Screening – A Golden Miss?
Authors: Rastogi, Amit , Priya, Vansh , Ambesh, Paurush , Sachan Vertika
Published: August 2017

Glomus jugulare tumor is a type of paraganglioma which has an association with catecholamine secretion but only in < 5% of cases. Any such occult or undetected catecholamine-secreting tumor poses anesthetic challenges in the perioperative period. A routine catecholamine assay and rigorous hemodynamic monitoring in such cases minimize perioperative anesthetic complications.

How to cite this article

Rastogi A, Priya V, Ambesh P, Sachan V. Glomus Jugulare Tumor: Selective Catecholamine Screening – A Golden Miss? World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):65-67.
Hypocalcemia: What a Surgeon should know
Authors: Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam , Kolly, Anish , Sarathi, Vijaya , Bothra, Sapana , Chekavar, Aromal
Published: August 2017

Hypocalcemia is one of the sequelae following thyroidectomy (TT) and becomes a complication when it becomes permanent. Parathyroid preservation is a crucial step in the skillful operative procedure of TT. When due care is not taken, the surgeon and the treating physician are faced with the issue of treating the dreaded complication of permanent hypocalcemia. In this article, we address the issue of hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery and its management.

How to cite this article

Kolly A, Sarathi V, Bothra S, Chekavar A, Sabaretnam M, Agarwal A. Hypocalcemia: What a Surgeon should know. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):72-77.
Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Immediate and Delayed Dental Implant Rehabilitation: A Prospective Study
Authors: Manvi Supriya , Tongya Ravish , Managutti Anil Maruti , Prakasm Michael , Patel Jigar , Shah Dishan , Managutti Sunita
Published: August 2017

Introduction

The original implant surgical protocol proposed by Bran Mark et al involves open flap access, stepwise osteotomy of the bony ridge, and implant placement followed by good primary closure.

Objectives

To compare the radiographic marginal bone loss, pocket depth, clinical outcome associated with immediate and delayed implants, and success rates 2 years after the placement of implants.

Materials and methods

Totally 62 dental implants were placed in 42 patients. They were randomly selected to the immediate or delayed group. Among those selected, 30 were immediate implants and 32 were delayed implants. The width and depth of marginal bone defects around the implants were measured clinically just after placement and 3 months later at the abutment surgery. Bone healing and marginal bone changes were evaluated radiographically and clinical parameters evaluated were pocket depth, local infection, altered sensation, soft tissue dehiscence, pus discharge, implant mobility, and patient's satisfaction. All the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 software. Statistical analysis was done using Z test.

Results

The results revealed that there was a significant difference in pocket depth and crestal bone loss in both groups. Mean pocket depth in immediate group was 3.285 mm and mean pocket depth in delayed group was 3.523 mm at 1 year. There were minimal crestal bone losses in the immediate group as compared with delayed implant group at 1-year follow-up. Also, there were reduced complications, such as local infection, altered sensation, soft tissue dehiscence, and pus discharge in immediate implant placement group and resulted in patient's satisfaction.

Conclusion

We conclude that the immediate dental implant placement is signiﬁcantly superior over the delayed implant placement.

How to cite this article

Managutti AM, Tongya R, Prakasm M, Manvi S, Patel J, Shah D, Managutti S. Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Immediate and Delayed Dental Implant Rehabilitation: A Prospective Study. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):12-16.
Dimensional Changes in Periodontium with Immediate Replacement of Tooth by Socket Shield Technique: Two-year Follow-up
Authors: Durrani Farhan , Yadav Dhananjay S , Galohda Arpit , Borang Patricia Ome , Rahman Faizia
Published: August 2017

Extraction socket healing and osseous remodeling take 120 to 180 days. Healing results in 50% reduction in the buccolingual bone in 12 months. Buccal bone loss of the extraction socket exceeds more than two-thirds with reduction in apicocoronal height by approximately 0.8 mm within 3 months of healing. Bundle bone is the portion of alveolar bone where fibers from the periodontal ligament (PDL) insert. A clinical technique was developed to preserve the bundle bone and the surrounding PDL through retention of buccal tooth root portion. This clinical case describes about immediate tooth replacement with an implant by preserving the buccal root in the anterior maxillary region with a 2-year follow-up. The hard tissue comparative correlation pre- and postoperative was measured using multislice computed tomography scanner (MSCT) and soft tissue by pink esthetic score (PES). The result after 2 years of evaluation was promising with negligible changes in hard and soft tissues. The study predicts encouraging results for immediate replacement of hopeless tooth in anterior maxilla without the use of augmentation materials. The surgeon should be experienced as the skills require expertise and knowledge.

How to cite this article

Durrani F, Yadav DS, Galohda A, Borang PO, Rahman F. Dimensional Changes in Periodontium with Immediate Replacement of Tooth by Socket Shield Technique: Two-year Follow-up. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):17-21.
Implant-supported Overdenture
Authors: Khalikar Arun , Dange Shankar P , Khalikar Smita A , Kadam Kuntal S , Mahale Kishore
Published: August 2017

Edentulous patients often experience problems with their mandi­bular complete dentures. Patients with the resorbed mandibular ridge often complain of lack of stability and retention of the mandibular denture, together with a decreased chewing ability. While implant-supported fixed prosthesis offers many advantages, they are very expensive and not indicated in many conditions. Implant-supported removable prosthesis can be a choice of treatment in such cases. This clinical report describes a method to rehabilitate a patient with resorbed mandibular ridge with implant-supported overdenture.

How to cite this article

Kadam KS, Dange SP, Mahale K, Khalikar SA, Khalikar A. Implant-supported Overdenture. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):22-25.
Electron cyclotron maser instability (ECMI) in strong magnetic guide field reconnection
Authors: Treumann Rudolf A. , Baumjohann Wolfgang
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The ECMI model of electromagnetic radiation from electron holes is shown to be applicable to spontaneous magnetic reconnection. We apply it to reconnection in strong current-aligned magnetic guide fields. Such guide fields participate only passively in reconnection, which occurs in the antiparallel components to both sides of the guide-field-aligned current sheets with current carried by kinetic Alfvén waves. Reconnection generates long (the order of hundreds of electron inertial scales) electron exhaust regions at the reconnection site X point, which are extended perpendicular to the current and the guide fields. Exhausts contain a strongly density-depleted hot electron component and have properties similar to electron holes. Exhaust electron momentum space distributions are highly deformed, exhibiting steep gradients transverse to both the reconnecting and guide fields. Such properties suggest application of the ECMI mechanism with the fundamental ECMI X-mode emission beneath the nonrelativistic guide field cyclotron frequency in localized source regions. An outline of the mechanism and its prospects is given. Potential applications are the kilometric radiation (AKR) in auroral physics, solar radio emissions during flares, planetary emissions and astrophysical scenarios (radiation from stars and compact objects) involving the presence of strong magnetic fields and field-aligned currents. Drift of the exhausts along the guide field maps the local field and plasma properties. Escape of radiation from the exhaust and radiation source region still poses a problem. The mechanism can be studied in 2-D particle simulations of strong guide field reconnection which favours 2-D, mapping the deformation of the electron distribution perpendicular to the guide field, and using it in the numerical calculation of the ECMI growth rate. The mechanism suggests also that reconnection in general may become a source of the ECMI with or without guide fields. This is of particular interest in extended turbulent plasmas where reconnection serves as an integral dissipation mechanism of turbulent energy in myriads of small-scale current filaments.
Organic and inorganic carbon and their stable isotopes in surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary
Authors: Yu Zhitong , Wang Xiujun , Han Guangxuan , Liu Xingqi , Zhang Enlou
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Estuarine sediment is an important carbon reservoir, and thus may play an important role in the global carbon cycle. The Yellow River Estuary is a large estuary in northern China, having implications for the Bohai Sea's carbon cycle. However, little is known about carbon dynamics in the sediment of the transitional zone near the river mouth. In this study, we collected 15 short sediment cores from the Yellow River Estuary, and measured grain size, total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic carbon (TIC) and the isotopic compositions of TOC (δ13Corg) and carbonate (δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb). We found that TIC concentration (6.3–20.1 g kg−1) was much higher than TOC (0.2–4.4 g kg−1) in the surface sediment. Both TOC and TIC were higher to the north (2.6 and 14.5 g kg−1) than to the south (1.6 and 12.2 g kg−1), except in the southern bay where TOC and TIC reached 2.7 and 15.4 g kg−1, respectively. The δ13Corg value ranged narrowly from −24.26 ‰ to −22.66 ‰, indicating that TOC might be mainly autochthonous. However, C : N ratio varied from 2.1 to 10.1, with higher ratio found in the southern bay. We estimated that 60.8 % of TOC might be from terrigenous OC in the southern bay. The lower TOC values in the south section were due to relatively higher kinetic energy level whereas the higher values in the bay was attributable to terrigenous matters accumulation and lower kinetic energy level. There was a significantly positive correlation between TIC and TOC, indicating that TIC was primarily from autogenic carbonate. However, the southern bay revealed the most negative δ13Corg and δ13Ccarb, suggesting that there might exist some transfer of OC to IC in the section. Our study points out that the dynamics of sedimentary carbon in the Yellow River Estuary is influenced by multiple and complex processes, and highlights the importance of carbonate in carbon sequestration.
Large-Eddy Simulation Sensitivities to Variations of Configuration and Forcing Parameters in Canonical Boundary-Layer Flows for Wind Energy Applications
Authors: Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Churchfield Matthew J. , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Rai Raj K. , Feng Yan , Kosović Branko , Haupt Sue Ellen , Brown Barbara , Ennis Brandon L. , Draxl Caroline , Sanz Rodrigo Javier , Shaw William J. , Berg Larry K. , Moriarty Patrick J. , Linn Rodman R. , Kotamarthi Veerabhadra R. , Balakrishnan Ramesh , Cline Joel W. , Robinson Michael C. , Ananthan Shreyas
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The sensitivities of idealized Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) to variations of model configuration and forcing parameters on quantities of interest to wind power applications are examined. Simulated wind speed, turbulent fluxes, spectra and cospectra are assessed in relation to variations of two physical factors, geostrophic wind speed and surface roughness length, and several model configuration choices, including mesh size and grid aspect ratio, turbulence model, and numerical discretization schemes, in three different code bases. Two case studies representing nearly steady neutral and convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow conditions over nearly flat and homogeneous terrain were used to force and assess idealized LES, using periodic lateral boundary conditions. Comparison with fast-response velocity measurements at five heights within the lowest 50 m indicates that most model configurations performed similarly overall, with differences between observed and predicted wind speed generally smaller than measurement variability. Simulations of convective conditions produced turbulence quantities and spectra that matched the observations well, while those of neutral simulations produced good predictions of stress, but smaller than observed magnitudes of turbulence kinetic energy, likely due to tower wakes influencing the measurements. While sensitivities to model configuration choices and variability in forcing can be considerable, idealized LES are shown to reliably reproduce quantities of interest to wind energy applications within the lower ABL during quasi-ideal, nearly steady neutral and convective conditions over nearly flat and homogeneous terrain.
The Role of Specialized Civil Society in Challenge Corruption with Glance to I.R.I
Authors: Barati AmirNezam , Mehr Ali Babayee , Sharifi Mohsen
Published: August 2017

Combating against corruption is one of the most important factors for establishing Good Governance. Corruption is a social, political and economic phenomenon that defect the democratic institutions and stop establishing good governance. This study using analytical – descriptive, analyses the role of civil society in combat corruption with glance to I.R.IFindings of this study show that the role of special civil societies has remarkable efficiency and effectiveness in combat corruption. In challenging corruption different actor such as government, private sector and specialized civil society have function, but the role of civil societies is more effective than others.In relating to the I.R.I actions against corruption, the country enacted different laws such as the law of access to information, the Law of United Nations Convention against Corruption and this process will send a clear message that the country is determined to prevent and control corruption. In pathology of corruption in I.R of Iran the concentration on fighting against corruption, is concentrated on "The Staff of Combat against Economic Corruption" and civil society don’t have effective or remarkable role to fight against this abnormality and this Staff is most important centers to harmonize the actions against corruption. Finally, the most important causes of corruption in every developing Nations in Transit such as Iran are big government and interference of Government in economy, the weakly embedded rule of law, the ineffective and inefficient of government policy, lack of accountability and institutional transparency.
Undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of educational service quality at Alexandria University, Egypt
Authors: El Seesy Naglaa Abd El-Aziz , Hussein Rehab Gamel , Alzahrani Ahlam Eidah
Published: August 2017

This study investigated nursing students’ perceptions towards educational service quality provided by specialty departments at the Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. It also identified barriers and offers recommendations for improvement. A cross-sectional descriptive design was carried out utilizing a SERVPERF-based survey developed by Cronin and Taylor (1992) to measure students’ perceptions towards educational service quality. The participants’ responses to the reliability dimension (75.5 ± SD 12.7) were the highest scoring, while participants’ perceptions to the tangibles dimension were the lowest (61.0 ± SD 17.5). Further, students’ opinions regarding barriers to quality services were related to “limited time for study” and “inadequate equipment for clinical training”. Responses to positive factors affecting the quality of services were “accuracy of work”, “effective communication”, and “gaining new knowledge”, as perceived by students. The highest perceived service quality dimension among students was reliability followed by assurance, empathy, responsiveness, and tangibles. Moreover, the majority of students expressed that the Faculty of Nursing gave them prestige in the community, they were happy to study nursing, and they would not study in another higher educational institution even if they had an opportunity to do so.
Comparing Defense Mechanisms, Resilience and Cognitive Distortion of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Setareh Javad , B. Monajemi Mani , Abedini Mahmood , Tasha Masoumeh , Setareh Sepehr
Published: August 2017

Objective: The debilitating role of emotion and stress in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highlighted in various literatures. The aim of this study is to evaluate role of defense mechanisms, resilience and cognitive distortion, which are considered influential factors with respect to stress management and emotion regulation among patients with MS.Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 100 patients with MS and 100 healthy individuals in Sari (Mazandaran province, Iran), who were selected via convenient sampling method. In order to collect data, we used Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ40), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD_RISK) and Abdollahzadeh’s cognitive distortions scale (CDS).Results: According to results of currents study, there is no significant difference among people with MS and healthy individuals in term of using defense mechanisms at Mature and Neurotic levels (sig>0.05) and there is significant difference between healthy people and people with MS with respect to immature level (sig<0.05). The findings by Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISK) showed that the resilience of healthy people is more than people with MS (65/14 versus 57/5). The study also found that healthy people have more average cognitive distortion in comparing to MS patients (72/96 vs 67/7). Results showed that there is significant difference in overgeneralization, disqualifying the positives, emotional reasoning, expression of should and personalization among healthy people and people with multiple sclerosis (sig <0.05) but there is no significant difference among other indicators of cognitive distortions (All or Nothing Thinking, Filtering, Jumping To Conclusion, Magnification versus Minimization and Labeling) (Sig> 0.05).Conclusion: Current study, highlighted importance of evaluating psychological variables and their influences on quality of life among MS patients. It appears plausible that assessment of MS patients regarding their defense mechanisms, resiliency and cognitive distortion is essential; after aforementioned assessment clinicians can tailor suitable psychotherapeutic intervention with respect to exclusive needs of patients.
Media Reportage and Audience Perception of Hepatitis Disease in Nigeria
Authors: Evaristus A. Adesina , Okorie Nelson , Olusola Oyero , Babatunde K Adeyeye , Kehinde Oyesomi
Published: August 2017

The growing incidence of hepatitis disease has become a perennial issue across the globe. Healthcare providers and communication experts agree that hepatitis disease is a highly infectious and deadly disease that has infected several millions of individuals in high and low-resource countries. This study examined the media reportage of hepatitis disease as well as the perception of Nigerians on the awareness and knowledge of the disease. This study was anchored on the Health Belief Model (HBM), which explains how attitude of individuals can be influenced by media and health communication messages. This study adopted a dual research method that made use of survey and content analysis to achieve the objectives of the study. The results indicated that 53.3% of the respondents had been previously informed about the hepatitis disease, with only 62 people getting to know through the mainstream media (television, radio and newspaper) and 42 people were informed through the internet (the new media). The study further revealed that just 55 stories were published in duo years of 2015 and 2016 by four national newspapers in Nigeria. This study recommends that the media in Nigeria need to urgently align with the Health Belief Model (HBM) by positively affecting the perception of the people to live a sensitive and conscious life against the hepatitis disease.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of Two Carboxymethylcellulases from Macrotermes subhyalinus Little Soldier
Authors: Fagbohoun Jean B. , Gnanwa Mankambou J. , Kone Fankroma M. T. , Dabonne S. , Kouame Patrice L.
Published: August 2017

Optimization of thermal processes relies on adequate degradation kinetic models to warrant food safety and quality. The knowledge on thermal inactivation of enzymes is necessary to allow their proper utilization in food industry and technology applications, enabling the reduction of heating times and optimization of heating temperatures. In this work, the kinetic of thermal inactivation was studied for the previously characterized carboxylmethylcellulases Ab-CX1 and Ab-CX2 from Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldier. Samples of carboxymethylcellulases were treated at different time-temperature combinations in the range of 5-60 min at 50-65°C and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for carboxymethylcellulases were calculated. Results showed that inactivation followed a first-order reaction with k-values between 0.0103 ± 0.0003 to 0.1217 ± 0.0005 and 0.0149 ± 0.0007 to 0.0416 ± 0.0003 min-1 for Ab-CX1 and Ab-CX2, respectively. At high temperatures, Ab-CX2 was less resistant, with a significant decrease in residual activity compared to Ab-CX1. The D- and k-values decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing temperature, indicating faster inactivation of carboxymethylcellulases. Activation energy (Ea) and Z-values were estimated to 76.74 ± 1.98 kJ.mol-1 and 24.21 ± 1.92 °C for Ab-CX1, 62.80 ± 2.05 kJ.mol-1 and 33.33 ± 2.78 °C for Ab-CX2. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG#) were also calculated. The high value obtained for the variation in enthalpy of activation indicates that a high amount of energy is required to initiate denaturation, probably due to the molecular conformation of carboxymethylcellulases. All results suggest that both carboxymethylcellulases are relatively resistant to long heat treatments up to 50°C.