bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution Relationship Between Ecological Resilience and Land Use Intensity in Hebei Province and Scenario Simulation
Authors: Huo Haiying , Liu Pengfei , Li Su , Hou Wei , Xu Wenjing , Wen Xiayu , Bai Yuhang
Published: January 2025

The ecological health of Hebei Province is critical to the sustainable development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. However, the increasing intensity of land use in recent years has placed significant pressure on local ecosystems, making it essential to understand how land use changes affect ecological resilience across different regions and time periods. This study takes Hebei Province as the research area and selects four time points—1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020—to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal variations in ecological resilience and land use intensity using indicators such as the water resource supply, climate regulation, hydrological regulation, biodiversity, the landscape pattern index, and land use types. This study employs spatial analysis methodologies, including the spatial autocorrelation model and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, to systematically analyze spatial clustering patterns, spatial heterogeneity, and influencing mechanisms. Scenario simulations are also conducted to predict ecological resilience trends in 2030 under a sustainable development scenario. The results indicate that (1) over the past 30 years, both ecological resilience and land use intensity in Hebei Province have generally increased, with notable spatial disparities among cities. (2) Moreover, a significant negative correlation exists between ecological resilience and land use intensity, with the GWR model revealing pronounced spatial heterogeneity. The impact of land use intensity on ecological resilience is relatively minor in highly urbanized central and southern regions, while northern and northwestern regions are more sensitive to changes, highlighting the need for better coordination between land use planning and ecological protection. (3) Finally, scenario simulations predict a slight overall decline in ecological resilience by 2030, with central and southern cities projected to experience the largest decreases, while some northern cities are expected to see modest improvements. These findings underscore the importance of regionally differentiated land use management and ecological protection strategies. This study provides scientific evidence and planning recommendations to improve ecological resilience and environmental protection in Hebei Province. At the same time, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how land use dynamics influence ecological resilience. The methodologies and findings presented in this study can also be applied to guide sustainable development planning in other rapidly urbanizing areas, providing a valuable framework for addressing regions facing similar ecological challenges.
A Modular Agrivoltaics Building Envelope Integrating Thin-Film Photovoltaics and Hydroponic Urban Farming Systems: A Circular Design Approach with the Multi-Objective Optimization of Energy, Light, Water and Structure
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Chen Tianyi , Gasparri Eugenia , Lucchi Elena
Published: January 2025

As cities confront multiple challenges such as climate change, urbanization, and food security, growing attention has been given to sustainable vertical farming and renewable energy solutions. Building facades, typically underutilized in high-density urban environments, present an opportunity for multifunctional buildings composed of both photovoltaic (PV) systems and vertical farming modules. However, on vertical surfaces, these two systems often compete for space. This research focuses on the development of a multifunctional agrivoltaics building envelope (ABE) system, combining building-integrated PV (BIPV) technology with hydroponic vertical farming. This ABE system adopts a modular design approach, where each unit can be prefabricated independently and assembled through an interlocking connection design and bolted fastening to ensure ease of construction and scalability. The design process includes the development of 2D cross-sectional technical design, assembly sequences, and an analysis of key design parameters through 3D modeling. The research adopts a combined Research through Design (RtD) and Research for Design (RfD) approach to bridge prototyping, testing, and performance optimization. This research highlights the potential of integrating renewable energy with agricultural production in building envelope systems. By addressing space optimization and multifunctionality, the research provides a practical framework for future applications in urban sustainability.
Factors Affecting the Drought Preparedness in Somaliland
Authors: Benito Omar Paolo , Ahmed Nagib Ismail , Prasetyo Yogi Tri , Cahigas Maela Madel L. , Nadlifatin Reny
Published: January 2025

Somaliland, located in the Horn of Africa, has been increasingly vulnerable to recurring droughts over the past years, severely affecting its agricultural productivity, water resources, and overall resilience. Despite the rising frequency of these natural disasters, there is limited research on the factors influencing residents’ preparedness, which hinders effective disaster management efforts. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence the perceived effectiveness of Somaliland residents towards drought preparedness by utilizing an extended Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) approach. The latent variables that were considered in this study were Government Intervention, Drought Awareness, Environmental Awareness, Coping Appraisal, Threat Appraisal, Behavioral Intention, and Perceived Effectiveness. Two hundred fifty-four (254) people living in Somaliland from all regional areas willingly responded to the survey questions by utilizing a snowball sampling method. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that drought awareness and environmental awareness had significant effects on threat appraisal. In addition, environmental awareness also had a significant positive effect on coping appraisal. Finally, threat appraisal and coping appraisal had significant effects on behavioral intention, which subsequently led to perceived effectiveness. This study addresses a gap in academic research and disaster preparedness efforts in Somaliland by providing insights into the theoretical framework that can enhance the country’s preparedness for drought and other natural hazards.
The U.S. Biodiesel Outlook: A Pathway Toward Sustainability
Authors: Debnath Deepayan , Whistance Jarrett , Thompson Wyatt
Published: January 2025

Policies to support renewable fuels are associated with economic and environmental sustainability in the United States and relate to the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Consequently, these fuels have been subject to scientific scrutiny and public debate; however, new developments in biomass-based diesel can overturn past understandings and create new trends and questions. An applied economic model of these fuels, their feedstocks, and related markets is used to project volumes and associated GHG emissions into the medium-term future. Results suggest a growing use of renewable diesel that directly displaces diesel and some recovery in biodiesel use, a near-substitute fuel. Yellow grease (used cooking oil)-based feedstock usage rises, while soybean and similar oil use remain stable. The expansion of renewable diesel made from yellow grease is associated with lower GHG emissions given the regulatory settings, but these projections also raise questions about the implications for environmental and economic sustainability.
Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches
Authors: Graessler Iris , Grewe Benedikt
Published: January 2025

In the engineering of complex technical systems, Systems Engineering (SE) is a key approach that is becoming increasingly relevant in more and more industries due to the ever-increasing complexity of systems. Over the decades of practical application and research, various specializations and forms of the Systems Engineering approach have developed, but there has so far been a lack of an overarching context and positioning in meaningful stages for the introduction of Systems Engineering in companies. For this reason, this research will systematize common Systems Engineering approaches and bring them together in a stage model for Systems Engineering. Based on a systematic literature review, use cases are identified for each approach and stage, which support companies in selecting an approach suitable for their own organization.
The Impact of VR Exhibition Experiences on Presence, Interaction, Immersion, and Satisfaction: Focusing on the Experience Economy Theory (4Es)
Authors: Chang Sungbok , Suh Jungho
Published: January 2025

This study systematically analyzes and emphasizes the importance of VR exhibition experiences, a relatively under-researched area. It examines the effects of VR exhibition experiences on presence and interaction and the influence of interaction on presence. Additionally, how these factors impact user immersion and satisfaction is explored, and the relationship between exhibition immersion and satisfaction is analyzed. Specifically, this study investigates how virtual exhibition experiences, similar to those in physical galleries, provide a sense of reality, leading to immersion in the artwork and ultimately resulting in satisfaction. The findings reveal that, among the VR exhibition experience factors, entertainment, escapism, and aesthetic experiences positively (+) affected interaction, while educational experiences negatively (−) influenced it. Furthermore, entertainment, escapism, and educational experiences positively influenced presence, whereas aesthetic experiences did not significantly impact it. Interaction significantly affected presence and positively influenced both immersion and satisfaction. Presence positively affected immersion but did not significantly affect satisfaction. Finally, immersion positively affected satisfaction. This study suggests that strategies that enhance interaction and presence are crucial in designing VR exhibition experiences. They also provide an important foundation for future research by systematically analyzing the relationships between presence, interaction, immersion, and satisfaction in VR exhibition experiences.
Circularly Polarized Asymmetric Single-Point Probe-Fed Hybrid Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Applications
Authors: Darimireddy NareshKumar
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) for circularly polarized (CP) radiation at 5 GHz, designed for WLAN applications. The antenna features a single probe feed that excites a combination of a circular ring patch and a cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) element, achieving stable gain across a wide bandwidth. The parametric analysis and vector E-field distribution of the proposed antenna presents the optimization, and it is evidence of CP radiation, respectively. The hybrid DRA has a reflection loss (RL) bandwidth of 485 MHz, from 4740 to 5225 MHz, and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 150 MHz, ranging from 4950 to 5100 MHz. It achieves a peak gain of 7.03 dBic at 5 GHz, making it suitable for missile tracking, data link communications, and IEEE 802.11n WLAN systems. Measurements of a prototype in an anechoic chamber show a close match with simulation results.
Optimal Design Parameters for Supercritical Steam Power Plants
Authors: Cenușă Victor-Eduard , Opriș Ioana
Published: January 2025

Steam thermal power plants represent important energy production systems. Within the energy mix, these could allow flexible generation and the use of hybrid systems by integrating renewables. The optimum design solution and parameters allow higher energy efficiency and lower environmental impact. This paper analyzes single reheat supercritical steam power plants design solutions using a genetic heuristic algorithm. A multi-objective optimization was made to find the Pareto frontier that allows the maximization of the thermal cycle net efficiency and minimization of the specific investment in the power plant equipment. The Pareto population was split and analyzed depending on the total number of preheaters. The mean values and the standard deviations were found for the objective functions and main parameters. For the thermal cycle schemes with eight preheaters, the average optimal thermal cycle efficiency is (48.09 ± 0.16)%. Adding a preheater increases the average optimal thermal cycle efficiency by 0.64%, but also increases the average optimum specific investments by 7%. It emphasized the importance of choosing a proper ratio between the reheating and the main steam pressure. Schemes with eight and nine preheaters have an average optimum value of 0.178 ± 0.021 and 0.220 ± 0.011, respectively. The results comply with data from the literature.
A One Health Perspective on Multidrug Resistance Amongst Iberian Exotic Pet Owners
Authors: Cardoso-Freitas Fábio , Mota Stéphanie M. , Silva Vanessa , Martinez-Silvestre Albert , Martins Ângela , Poeta Patrícia
Published: January 2025

Understanding owners’ realities and perceptions may be crucial to helping veterinarians be more effective in their daily work. Noticing the lack of publications in this area, specifically on exotic pets, prompted us to gather insights into non-traditional companion animal owners. A survey was conducted, resulting in 541 respondents from Portugal and Spain. The results were characterised based on demographics, data on trade and antibiotic and parasiticide use, and the relations between these variables. We found that there is still a considerable part of unregistered animals and that, overall, owners acknowledged antimicrobial resistance and inadequate use of parasiticides. Hopefully, these data will help veterinarians in tackling these problems and enhance owners’ education and compliance.
Effects of Production System With or Without Growth-Promoting Technologies on Growth and Blood Expression of (Cyto)Chemokines and Heat Shock and Tight Junction Proteins in Bos taurus and indicus Breeds During Summer Season
Authors: Branine Mark , Schilling-Hazlett Ashley K. , Carvalho Pedro H. V. , Stackhouse-Lawson Kim R. , Martins Edilane C. , da Silva Julia T. , Amundson Laura , Ashworth Chris , Socha Mike , Dridi Sami
Published: January 2025

Heat stress (HS) induced by global warming is a real welfare, productivity, and economic burden of cattle production. However, some cattle breeds have superior physiological adaptive traits to others, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. The present study aimed, therefore, to determine the expression profile of stress-related molecular signatures in the blood of thermosensitive Angus (Bos taurus) and thermotolerant Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle breeds managed without (CON) or with growth-promoting technology (TRT) during the summer (April–October, 2023) season in Colorado, US. Body weight (BW) was significantly increased from April to October, and the amplitude was greater for the Angus compared to the Brahman breed. The TRT system slightly increased BW, mainly in the Angus breed. Molecular analyses showed that all tested genes were expressed in beef cattle blood. When comparing production systems, the expression of HSP1A1 was significantly upregulated, and HSP90 was downregulated in CON compared to TRT cattle. The expression of IL6, CCL20, and OCLN was induced by the CON system only in the Angus and not in the Brahman breed. At the breed level, Angus cattle exhibited greater expression of IL10, CCL20, and CLDN1 compared to their Brahman counterparts. There was a significant period by production system as well as period by breed interactions. The expression of HSP1A1 increased in both breeds during October. The expression of IL10, CXCL14, CXCR2, and CLDN1 was affected by the production systems in a period-dependent manner. However, the expression of IL6, CXCL14, CCL5, and CXCR2 was upregulated in Angus cattle in a period-sensitive manner. In summary, HSPs, (chemo)cytokines, and tight junction proteins are expressed in the whole blood of beef cattle, and their expression is regulated in a breed-, period-, and/or production system-dependent manner. This could open new vistas for future research to identify molecular signatures for non-invasive stress monitoring and/or marker-assisted genetic selection for robustness and resilience to HS.
Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Height of the Water-Conducting Fracture Zone Considering the Influence of Key Stratum and Dip Mining Intensity
Authors: Che Yuhang , Cui Ximin , Wang Yuanjian , Li Peixian
Published: January 2025

Predicting the height of the water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ) is crucial for preventing water inrush and ensuring safe underground mining operations. In this study, we propose a novel model combining CatBoost, XGBoost, and AdaBoost with SSA, HHO, and LEA. Key stratum data (DK, TK) and dip mining intensity data were integrated into the existing parameters for WCFZ height prediction. The main influence angle tangent, derived from the probability integral method, replaces the hard rock ratio coefficient. A total of 104 field datasets with eight input parameters were used, with WCFZ height as the dependent variable. The model was validated using five-fold cross-validation and evaluated with root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), R2, and mean relative error (MRE). The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) was applied to rank the models. The CAT-HHO model demonstrated the best performance. Using this model, predictions of WCFZ height under varying dip mining intensities showed an approximately linear relationship. SHAP analysis identified mining thickness as the most influential factor. Removing key stratum data from models significantly reduced prediction accuracy. The results highlight the model’s ability to improve WCFZ height prediction, offering insights for water inrush prevention in coal mining operations and providing guidance for applying machine learning to similar challenges.
Hydrogeochemical Evolution, Isotopic Insights, and Genetic Models of Geothermal Water in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Peng Yinxue , Li Yunfeng , Sang Honghui
Published: January 2025

Anhui Province is rich in geothermal water resources, making the study of its hydrochemical evolution and genetic models essential for scientific development and sustainable utilization. This study combines hydrochemical and hydrogen–oxygen isotopic data from different regions of Anhui Province to analyze the hydrogeochemical evolution characteristics and recharge mechanisms of basin-type and mountainous-type geothermal waters. The results show that basin-type geothermal water is predominantly of the Cl–Na type, with water–rock interactions mainly including halite dissolution, gypsum dissolution, dedolomitization, and silicate hydrolysis. The groundwater system is relatively closed off, with slow flow rates. In contrast, mountainous geothermal water is mainly of the HCO3–Na·Ca, SO4–Na·Ca, and SO4–Na types, with water–rock interactions primarily involving calcite dissolution, dolomite dissolution, and gypsum dissolution. Enhanced precipitation infiltration due to fault structures leads to stronger recharge and an open-system characteristic. The genetic models of the two types of geothermal water reveal the structural and recharge mechanisms of thermal reservoirs under different geological settings, highlighting the significant control of geological background on geothermal water formation.
Study on Evaluation and Dynamic Early Warning of Urban Water Resources Security
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Wang Hao , Zhao Xiaolu , Zhao Dongxu , Ding Xuepeng , Yin Yinghan , Liu Yuyu
Published: January 2025

Water resources security is crucial to the survival and development of human society. A water resources security assessment and dynamic early warning system was constructed. The weights of water resources evaluation indexes were calculated by the entropy weight method, and the water resources security was evaluated with the comprehensive index method. The obstacle degree model was used to identify and analyze the main obstacle factors. The grey model was adopted to predict the future water resources security situation. The empirical study was carried out in Jinan. The results showed that the grade of water resources security in Jinan from 2008 to 2021 showed a gradually increasing trend. The obstacle factors were mainly concentrated in the pressure subsystem, indicating that the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources was the main problem affecting water resources security, which was accorded with the actual situation. The comprehensive index of water resources security from 2022 to 2026 shows a gradually increasing trend on the whole, and the warning situation develops towards a good trend, indicating that remarkable results in comprehensively building a water-saving society and vigorously promoting water pollution control have been achieved. The measures such as optimizing economic structure, improving water use structure, and improving water use efficiency will promote the further development of water resources security in Jinan.
Past and Future Storm-Driven Changes to a Dynamic Sandy Barrier System: Outer Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Authors: Harrington Daniel J. , Walsh John P. , Grilli Annette R. , Ginis Isaac , Crowley Deborah , Grilli Stephan T. , Damon Christopher , Duhaime Roland , Stempel Peter , Rubinoff Pam
Published: January 2025

Sandy barrier systems are highly dynamic, with the most significant natural morphological changes to these systems occurring during high-energy storm conditions. These systems provide a range of economic and ecosystem benefits and protect inland areas from flooding and storm impacts, but the persistence of many coastal barriers is threatened by storms and sea-level rise (SLR). This study employed observations and modeling to examine recent and potential future influences of storms on a sandy coastal barrier system in Nauset Beach, MA. Drone-derived imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs) of the study area collected throughout the 2023–2024 winter revealed significant alongshore variability in the geomorphic response to storms. Severe, highly localized erosion (i.e., an erosional “hotspot”) occurred immediately south of the Nauset Bay spit as the result of a group of storms in December and January. Modeling results demonstrated that the location of the hotspot was largely controlled by the location of a break in a nearshore sandbar system, which induced larger waves and stronger currents that affected the foreshore, backshore and dune. Additionally, model simulations of the December and January storms assuming 0.3 m (1 ft) of SLR showed the system to be relatively resistant to major geomorphic changes in response to an isolated storm event, but more susceptible to significant overwash and breaching in response to consecutive storms. This research suggests that both very strong isolated storm events and sequential moderate storms pose an enhanced risk of major overwash, breaching, and possibly inlet formation today and into the future, raising concern for adjacent communities and resource managers.
Assessment of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Irtysh River Basin Using eDNA Metabarcoding
Authors: Song Tianjian , Zi Fangze , Huang Yuxin , Fang Lei , Zhang Yuna , Liu Yu , Chang Jiang , Li Junsheng
Published: January 2025

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a powerful method for monitoring aquatic biodiversity and evaluating ecosystem health. In this study, we applied eDNA metabarcoding and a multi-species biotic integrity index (Mt-IBI), constructed by selecting and screening core metrics to capture key ecological responses, to assess the Irtysh River Basin in Xinjiang, China, analyzing samples from 52 sites. The community structure showed high sensitivity to environmental stressors, with dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), and elevation being key factors, while alien fish richness negatively impacted ecosystem health. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining environmental parameters and controlling invasive species, demonstrating the potential of the Mt-IBI for early detection of ecological degradation and guiding freshwater conservation.
The Role of Internal Phosphorus Loading in the Archipelago Sea Ecological Status
Authors: Helminen Harri
Published: January 2025

In eutrophic aquatic ecosystems like the Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic, the role of the sediment as a sink and source of nutrients is especially important. Based on previous research on the Archipelago Sea, it can be concluded that the amount of stored phosphorus that can be released with time from sediments is large, and internal phosphorus recycling processes may thus play a key role in phosphorus fluxes in the coastal zone. The release of nutrients from the sediment has been suggested as an explanation for the fact that a substantial reduction in the external nutrient load does not always result in a corresponding reduction in nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass in recipient waters. However, the magnitude of the actual internal phosphorus load in the Archipelago Sea has not been successfully estimated, or the estimates have been evidently too high. In this study, calculations were performed based on the measured water quality data to estimate how much phosphorus has been transported from the bottom water layer to the surface layers during the biological production season for use in algal production. In other words, the magnitude of the effective internal phosphorus load in the Archipelago Sea was determined. The calculations resulted in a summer internal net phosphorus load in the surface layer of approximately 270 tons over 5 months. The other total phosphorus load in the Archipelago Sea, which mainly (60%) originates from the catchment area, was 575 t/a. A permanent way to mitigate internal loading has been thought to be to reduce external loading. However, a decrease in internal loading occurs with an unknown delay, making it impossible to predict the recovery rate.
A Review of the Molecular Understanding of the Mpox Virus (MPXV): Genomics, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Cambaza Edgar Manuel
Published: January 2025

The Mpox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic pathogen from the Orthopoxvirus genus, has emerged as a significant global public health concern, especially after the unprecedented outbreak in 2022. This review synthesizes the MPXV’s molecular features, focusing on its genomic structure, replication mechanisms, immune evasion strategies, and implications for diagnostics and therapeutics. The study examines the virus’s genomic organization utilizing recent peer-reviewed literature, highlighting essential genes like OPG027 and D1L, which contribute to host adaptation, increased transmissibility, and immune evasion. Advances in molecular diagnostics, including real-time PCR and genome sequencing, are reviewed, emphasizing their critical role in outbreak monitoring and control. However, challenges persist, such as diagnostic limitations in resource-constrained settings and the lack of targeted vaccines and antivirals. This review discusses new antiviral candidates, confirmed through computational and in vitro techniques, identifying thymidine kinase and VP39 as key therapeutic targets. Emphasizing the need for genomic surveillance to track adaptive evolution, results show that particular mutations, such as in the OPG027 and D1L genes, increase the transmissibility and immune evasion of the MPXV. These molecular revelations highlight the urgent necessity for better diagnostics catered towards addressing present constraints and developing focused treatments that reduce the effect of the virus. This study emphasizes how these results underscore the need for combined public health plans to handle the changing MPXV epidemiology properly.
Post-COVID depression in family medicine
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University, Skvortsov V. V. , Kozlov G. G. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Neshpor E. A. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Sokolov I. N. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Sakhno M. A. ,   Volgograd State Medical University
Published: January 2025

Post-COVID syndrome, often called «long COVID», includes a set of symptoms that persists
after the coronavirus has been eliminated from the human body. Depression is one of the most common
psychological consequences of COVID-19, and is characterized by an undulating course, with
periods of exacerbations and remissions. Depression is characterized by fatigue, persistent sadness
and loss of interest in things that are usually enjoyable, an inability to carry out daily activities, accompanied
by feelings of guilt, decreased self-esteem, problems sleeping and concentrating. This article
provides a review of the scientific literature on depression as a manifestation of post-COVID syndrome,
the features of its course, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
How Information Technologies Are Changing the Water Management Industry
Authors:   Alta Group, Moscow, Russia, Pukemo M.M.
Published: January 2025

The domestic industry has shown signifi cant development, with a growth of 3.5%
compared to the previous year and 4.2% over the last two years. A key factor in this progress is
digitization. Under the conditions of sanctions and the need to optimize production processes,
the digitization of water treatment facilities has become a priority in the industry. Currently,
about 80% of purifi cation facilities in Russia are worn out, especially in small settlements where
there is a severe shortage or a complete absence of such facilities, creating serious ecological
and technological problems. Digitization of water purifi cation processes is becoming an
essential step in addressing these issues. It is expected that in the next 5-10 years, the market
for water purifi cation facilities will actively transition to digital technologies, driven not only by
the need for renewal but also by the desire to enhance the efficiency and reliability of systems.
Ecosystem of game animals is the economic and mathematical model for optimizing the size and structure of game animal populations in the ecosystem
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy», Russia, Moscow, Kaledin A. P. , Ostapchuk A. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy», Russia, Moscow, Filatov A. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy», Russia, Moscow
Published: January 2025

Methodology of economic and mathematical modeling involves the formation of a system
from subsystems and elements united by logical relationships. The size and structure of subsystems and
elements can be optimized in the system for diff erent optimality criteria. According to this algorithm,
mathematical models of ecosystems with diff erent content bases are formed. Biological subsystems and
elements can serve as a basis for an ecosystem that is solved for economic optimality criteria, or economic
indicators can act as relationships in the ecosystem. In this way, the content base of the mathematical
model is represented by biological subsystems and elements, and the optimality criteria are formed on
the basis of economic indicators. This process is refl ected in the economic and mathematical model of
a specifi c ecosystem. An original economic and mathematical model (EMM) for optimizing the size and
structure of game animal populations in a given ecosystem has been proposed in the paper. The presented
EMM is based on optimizing the size and structure of populations of both predators and preys in hunting
areas, taking into account the boundaries of their range. The EMM “Ecosystem of Game Animals” is based
on the EMM “Predator-Prey” and has a block-diagonal structure, where the main blocks are the “Prey”
and “Predator” blocks, and the feeding and habitat blocks of game animals act as connecting ones. The
optimality criteria of the EMM “Ecosystem of Game Animals” can be expressed by objective functions that
implement diff erent scenarios for the implementation of the model. The described model allows us to
create a mathematical representation of the ecosystem and study the biological characteristics of game
animal populations, which ultimately contributes to more rational resource management in the hunting
areas of our country.
Technical service system in the agro-industrial complex
Authors:   Russian academy of agriculture named after K. A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Malykha E. F.
Published: January 2025

The article considers the issues of modern technical service and its organizational system
in the system of engineering and technical support of the agro-industrial complex. The efficiency
of agricultural production is mainly influenced by the level of organization in the technical service
industry.
Analysis of the results of research and testing of geomodifiers of friction
Authors:   All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization, Dunaev A. V. , Kostomakhin M. N. ,   All-Russian institute of agricultural mechanization
Published: January 2025

The practice of maintenance of any equipment can be significantly supplemented by nontraditional
tribotechnics for the indiscriminate restoration of worn friction interfaces and the prevention
of new equipment with GMT technology.
The predecessor of this direction were solid lubricants, solid lubricants and hard lubricants. They
entered the special engineering of the space age and nuclear energy. But for ordinary equipment, it is
more appropriate to use non-traditional tribotechnics with running-in, preventive and especially with
repair and restoration tribocompositions in-troduced into units during technical service. This analysis is devoted to the analysis of the features of this direction with one of the types of tribostats — namely, with friction geomodifiers made of highly dispersed powders of serpentine minerals — hydrosilicates Mg, Al, Ni, Fe.
Analysis of Trends in the Global Energy Market from the Standpoint of Ensuring Economic Security of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanitarian Sphere, Moscow State University of Education, Moscow, Tebekin A. V.
Published: January 2025

The energy sector has traditionally been one of the key components of the economic security of the Russian Federation. The importance of the energy sector for the country’s economic security is evidenced by the tasks for its provision, defined in the Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. At the same time, the growth of variability of the parameters of the external environment, determined by the continuing complexity of the geopolitical situation in the world, requires continuous updating of the main trends in the development of the world energy market based on an analysis of the factors determining them in the interests of developing a timely and adequate response to the ongoing changes in the strategy for the development of domestic energy, which predetermined the choice of the research topic, which has undoubted relevance. The purpose of the presented studies is to analyze the factors determining the main trends in the development of the world energy market in the interests of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation and the effective development of the domestic energy sector by developing rational strategic decisions based on current and forecast assessments. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in identifying a set of factors that determine the main trends in the development of the global energy market, demonstrating that the restraining factors in the development of innovative (alternative) energy sources are the overestimation of their capabilities (in terms of quality and price), as well as the overestimation of the prospects for implementing the green energy policy in combination with measures to stimulate its development, on the one hand, and the underestimation of the impact on the availability of traditional energy sources as a result of global warming, on the other hand. The practical signifi cance of the obtained results lies in expanding the possibilities of analyzing the infl uence of various factors on the main trends in the development of the global energy market
on the problems of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation, allowing, taking into account the presented forecast estimates, to develop rational management decisions within the framework of adjustments to the technologies for implementing the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation.
Features of Implementing Parallel Import in The Russian Federation under the Conditions of Sanctions
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletovs, Vladimir, Aksenov I. A.
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the specifics of parallel imports in the Russian Federation under sanctions imposed by a number of countries. In conditions of limited access to traditional supply channels for goods and technologies, parallel imports are becoming an important tool for providing the domestic market with necessary products and solving the problem of replacing
unavailable goods. The author examines the legal aspects of parallel imports, including changes in legislation that temporarily allow the import of products without the consent of the copyright holder. This helps to mitigate the impact of sanctions and avoid shortages in a number of key industries, such as electronics, household appliances, cars and other consumer goods. Particular attention is paid to the economic consequences of parallel imports. On the one hand, it helps stabilize prices for scarce goods and reduces pressure on consumers. On the other hand, there are risks associated with the quality and safety of products imported
through alternative channels. The possible consequences for copyright holders and international companies whose interests may be infringed as a result of such deliveries are also discussed. The article provides examples of the use of parallel imports in Russia, and analyzes the main risks and benefi ts for business and the economy as a whole. In conclusion, the author suggests possible scenarios for the development of parallel imports in the context of ongoing sanctions pressure, assessing its prospects as a temporary but important mechanism for maintaining economic stability.
Comparative Analysis of the Financial and Distribution Policy of the Largest Non-ferrous Metallurgy Corporations in the BRICS Space
Authors:   Vologda Scientifi c Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vologda, Malyshev M. K.
Published: January 2025

Non-ferrous metallurgy is of crucial importance in the life of society. The industry’s products are present in household
items (household appliances, plumbing, electronics, tableware), construction, automobile and machine tool construction,
batteries, etc. With the existing wide range of non-ferrous metals applications, large companies, with a high degree of vertical
integration and business effi ciency, have large volumes of revenue, are able to meet the needs of consumers in a wide variety
of products, and also have the opportunity to fi ll the budget system of their countries and territories where they are based. The
article focuses on a comparative analysis of the fi nancial results of the largest non-ferrous metallurgy corporations in the BRICS
space, namely PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel (Russia) and Vale S.A. (Brazil), which have a total revenue of about $72.4 billion by 2021.
The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the fi nancial and distribution policy of the largest metallurgical corporations
in the BRICS space. The results of the study for 2009–2023 showed an increase in average net profi t by 71 % (up to 5.1 billion dollars) for the Russian company and by 1 % (up to 10.4 billion dollars) for the Brazilian company. The average profit tax rate for companies decreased by 4.9 and 9 percentage points to 21.7 and 16.9 %, respectively. The increase in dividend payments
amounted to 97 and 15 % to 3.2 and 5.8 billion dollars. accordingly, at the same time, the share of net profi t allocated by companies to dividends has increased: at Norilsk Nickel — by 8.4 percentage points to 62.5 %, at Vale S.A. — by 6.5 percentage points to 55.9 %. The information base of the study was the official consolidated fi nancial statements of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel and Vale S.A., domestic and foreign industry literature, data from information and analytical and news agencies, information on the exchange rates of Russia and Brazil.
Prerequisites for Improving the Socio-Demographic Situation in Greater Donbass
Authors:   Joint Center for Sociology and Economics of Knowledge of the Federal Scientifi c Research Center of the RAS, Moscow, Shakhov O. F.
Published: January 2025

The scientifi c and practical research presented by the author of this article is a continuation of a series of articles on
sociological research conducted in the territory of Greater Donbass. The object of the sociological study is to assess the impact
of long-term military actions on the socio-demographic situation, and the subject is the basic possibilities (prerequisites) for improving the socio-demographic situation of the region under study in the short-term post-war perspective. To restore the
social and industrial infrastructure of the DPR destroyed as a result of military actions, the Republic lacks professional personnel
in most basic professions. This is a direct consequence of the combined processes of martial law and demographic processes.
Military actions had both direct and indirect effects on the socio-demographic situation in the DPR. The direct impact includes the death of military personnel and civilians in the Republic. In addition to direct losses, indirect losses should be highlighted, which are determined by high population migration. The socio-demographic state of the DPR, taking into account the consequences
of military actions, is also infl uenced to a certain extent by other reasons and factors than in the Soviet Union after the Great Patriotic War. Significant consequences of the Great Patriotic War were the large number of casualties among military personnel and civilians, and in the DPR the departure of qualifi ed personnel from this territory is decisive. At the same time, forecasting
the socio-demographic situation in the short-term post-war perspective in the territory of Greater Donbass using known
mathematical methods is impossible due to the lack of a single, comparable and objective information base for the period under study (2013–2024), but the author’s use of a universal research method (SWOT analysis) turned out to be acceptable and effective.
To improve the socio-demographic situation in the territory of Greater Donbass, it is necessary to create conditions for the postwar
return of labor migrants to the territory of the DPR, as well as the restoration of their professional knowledge and skills. The most important condition for the post-war return of migrants is a significant improvement in the quality of life in the Republic.
Comparison of the Wear and Friction Properties of Titanium Nitride-Based Coatings
Authors: Ihsan Ali Osamah , Gyurika István Gábor , Korim Tamás , Jakab Miklós
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the wear and friction behavior of titanium nitride (TiN)-based coatings produced via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in detail. Coatings composed of TiN, titanium carbide (TiC) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layers were applied to a tungsten carbide-cobalt composite and steel substrates. The elemental and phase compositions of these coatings, manufactured with varying deposition parameters and layer thicknesses, were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The mechanical properties of the coatings were evaluated through Vickers microhardness testing, lubricant-free tribological model tests and scratch testing. For the linearly alternating tribological tests, a static counterpart made of yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide was utilized. The wear, friction and adhesive properties of the coatings were studied, revealing significant differences in tribological behavior based on their hardness, crystal structure and surface roughness. The tribological tests highlighted that coatings with sharp, spherical crystal structures on their surfaces exhibited the greatest resistance to abrasive and frictional stresses. The durability of the surface coatings was found to be primarily dependent on their adhesion and surface roughness.
Study of Green Hydrogen-Air Mixture Formation in a Closed Chamber With a Given Composition
Authors: Shypul Olga , Garin Vadym , Myntiuk Vitalii , Egedy Attila
Published: January 2025

The subject of this study is the formation of a hydrogen-air fuel mixture with a given composition and the required degree of homogeneity in a closed chamber while taking into consideration conditions for generating hydrogen by an electrolytic method. This study includes an industrial technology fueled by combustible gases to process thermoplastic parts. The motivation behind this research is the transition to carbon-free processing technology, which would not only reduce emissions and is in line with the concept of a climate-neutral industry but also raises the level of safety with regard to these technologies to a high level. One of the main conditions of high-quality thermal processing fueled by combustible gases is still the precise quality control of the composition of the mixture and its operating pressure. Based on the specific requirements of the researched technology, a mathematical model for generating fuel mixtures was developed, which determines the characteristics of a multi-component gas mixture while the working chamber is filling and during the holding period after the gas supply has stopped. The developed mathematical model is supplemented with criteria for evaluating the quality of the fuel mixture. A numerical study using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was conducted to assess the specified criteria required to achieve a quality fuel mixture.
Halophytes and Proline: A Promising Possibility for Heavy Metal Remediation and Agricultural Restoration
Authors: Székely Gyöngyi , Barta Csengele Éva
Published: January 2025

The continuous rise in soil salinity and the expansion of saline areas present a worldwide threat to agriculture by reducing the amount of arable land available for crop cultivation. Halophytes, naturally inhabitants of saline environments, are the sole group of plants able to populate and thrive in saline soils. With highly efficient adaptive strategies, these plants tolerate extreme saline conditions indefinitely. Some of these species are metal hyperaccumulators, particularly those growing under saline conditions frequently rich in heavy metals that are often polluted. One mechanism enabling them to tolerate these extreme conditions is the accumulation of osmoprotectant metabolites. Even though these protective compounds are generally produced by plants to help them tolerate extreme environmental conditions, usually halophytes accumulate more osmolytes than glycophytes. Although many publications discuss the potential of halophytes in the remediation of areas polluted by heavy metals, relatively little is documented about the role of compatible solutes in alleviating the toxic effects of heavy metals. This review focuses on the role of the most common osmoprotectant, that is, proline, produced by halophytes to mediate cellular damage caused by the hyperaccumulation of metal ions and addresses the biosynthetic pathways of this compound. Reclaiming land polluted by heavy metals by populating it with halophytes and enhancing osmoprotective solute production through genetic engineering in halophytes presents viable solutions to restore pollution-ridden areas for potential agricultural use worldwide.