bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FORMATION OF THE PERSON ORIENTED AND SOCIAL STATE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE EAGE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: SORVIROV B. , ZENKOVA. L.
Published: October 2021

In article the degree of realization of model socially focused state in the countries EAES
for the last fifth anniversary is analyzed. In a basis of the analysis statistical researches
of a level of incomes, public health services, densities of higher education, index Jini and an index of happiness, security habitation have lain.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY OF MEMBERS STATES OF THE EAEU BASED ON CRITERIA OF THEIRS TARGET EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: НURSKY. V.
Published: October 2021

In the article methodological frameworks have been developed and made comparative
analysis of models of industrial policy of members States of the EAEU has been made based on criteria of theirs target effectiveness including average annual the Industrial Production Index, the share of manufacturing in the GDP of country, share of manufacturing in total merchandise, the participation proportion of the country in world manufacturing value added, share of imports in total value of manufacturing, industrial productivity, fixed investment and shows real interests and goals of economic and social development of members of integration union.
SPECIFICITY OF BUSINESS PROCESSES FOR ENTERPRISES OF ENERGY
Authors: TYMUL E.
Published: October 2021

The article considers various interpretations of the concept of business processes. These
are several types of classification of business processes and the justification for adjusting the classification, taking into account the features of the technological process of various types of economic activity. One of the leading business processes uses one of the business process managers. The features of the manifestation of risks for energy enterprises and the stages of the technological cycle of energy production are considered.
THE NEW IN THE SUBJECT OF ECONOMIC THEORY
Authors: KUREGYAN. S.
Published: October 2021

Modern understanding of the subject of economic theory requires the study of economic
problems arising in intangible production. Non-material production is heterogeneous: one part of it is associated with the production of spiritual goods and their distribution, exchange and consumption, the other with the provision of services of a non-material nature. This affects economic theory as the methodological basis of specific economic disciplines.
CURRENT TENDENCIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SERVICES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY’S TERTIALIZATION
Authors: MELESHKO. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the current trends in the development of industrial services in the
Republic of Belarus as one of the main factors for the tertialization of industry. Using the example of the organizational structure of the Siemens AG, the growing importance of industrial services in modern industrial production is being dismantled, due to the reorientation of enterprises from simple production to offering complex solutions. The following areas for the development of industrial services in the Republic of Belarus were identified and characterized: R & D, product-accompanying services, including engineering, information and communication services
Replication Part II
Authors:   The Ohio State University, Laymon Ronald , Franklin Allan ,   University of Colorado
Published: October 2021

There has been considerable debate and analysis about the nature and extent of what many believe to be a replication crisis in psychology and other social sci­ences. And perhaps to a lesser degree in the medical sciences. Our approach to the nature and value of replication has been based on the idea that the overriding purpose of replication is to ferret out and identify confounding causes. In other words, to reduce systematic uncertainty. This has led us to understand replication in a broader sense than ordinarily understood. We have developed this approach in considerable detail in three recent books which include both abstract analysis and many case studies drawn primarily, but not exclusively, from physics. We have, for example, considered the difficulty of deciding whether a replication has been successful or has failed, the roles of null experiments, and episodes in which a single experiment has been sufficient to decide, or to further investigate, an issue. In this two-part essay we will review and summarize our approach and results.
Balancing of Values and the Value of Balancing (Part One)
Authors:   HSE University, Gadzhiev Gadis A. , Voinikanis Elena A. ,   HSE University
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the specific mode of existence of values – balancing or op­timization when it comes to deontological values. The authors using examples of values such as the principles of law and human rights, the rules of balancing are analyzed, which, according to G. Hart's classification, are secondary norms. The critical issue for the legal balancing procedure is the relationship between legal reality and values as such. Are the constitutional and legal values set by the Basic Law (Constitution), or do they objectively exist in society as a general (pre-constitutional) order of values? Should the Basic Law be confined to its own text and remain value-neutral in this sense? Are legal values purely deonto­logical, or can they be related to utilitarian goals and interests? The second part of the article explores the value of balancing as one of the methods for resolving the most complex legal conflicts. The well-known dispute between J. Habermas and R. Alexy about the admissibility of balancing of human rights demonstrates how complex and philosophically rich the legal balancing procedure is. Based on Luhmann’s concept of the cognitive openness of law, at the end of the article, the authors substantiate their own position on the role of values in modern justice.
Discreteness of Space and Its Consequences
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Shutyi Аnatoly М.
Published: October 2021

Based on the general principle of the unity of the nature of interacting entities and the principle of the relativity of motion, as well as following the requirement of an indissoluble and conditioning connection of space and time, the model of a discrete space-time consisting of identical interacting particles is proposed as the most acceptable one. We consider the consequences of the discreteness of space, such as: the occurrence of time quanta, the limiting speed of signal propa­gation, and the constancy of this speed, regardless of the motion of the reference frame. Regularly performed acts of particles of space-time (PST) interaction en­sure the connectivity of space, set the quantum of time and the maximum speed – the speed of light. In the process of PST communication, their mixing occurs, which ensures the relativity of inertial motion, and can also underlie quantum uncertainty. In this case, elementary particles are spatial configurations of an excited “lattice” of PST, and particles with mass must contain loop struc­tures in their configuration. A new interpretation of quantum mechanics is pro­posed, according to which the wave function determines the probability of de­struction of a spatial configuration (representing a quantum object) in its corresponding region, which leads to the contraction of the entire structure to a given, detectable component. Particle entanglement is explained by the appear­ance of additional links between the PST – the appearance of a local coordinate along which the distance between entangled objects does not increase. It is shown that the movement of a body should lead to an asymmetry of the tension of the bonds between the PST – to the asymmetry of its effective gravity, the es­tablishment of which is one of the possibilities for experimental verification of the proposed model. It is shown that the constancy of the speed of light in a vac­uum and the appearance of relativistic effects are based on ensuring the connec­tivity of space-time, i.e. striving to prevent its rupture.
Paradoxes of Identity with ἄθεος and religio in Religious Studies Discussions of Modern Russia
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov, Arinin Evgenyi I. , Glagolev Vladimir S. ,   MGIMO University, Markova Natalia M. ,   Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletov
Published: October 2021

From the perspective of philosophical religious study, religion and atheism are viewed as social phenomena and legacy periodically defined and redefined in lo­cal contexts. Historically and in modern spiritual culture, they are a collective set of heterogeneous forms ascending to the Greco-Roman cultural context of the terms “ἄθεος” and “religio”. Explicit and implicit characteristics of these cross-cultural and trans-historic symbolizations of normative images of true forces of being are analyzed as disconnected from various marginalities and de­viations constructed at different stages of global civilization development in lo­cal centers, including Russia. The lexeme “ἄθεος” is viewed in the spectrum of connotations from the tragic abandonment by gods to the heroic enthusiasm of the denial of false images of gods”. The lexeme “religio” is shown in the range of connotations from horror of ominous signs to the jubilant veneration of legiti­mate gods leading to harmony with the supreme forces of nature (Cicero). Insti­tutional and elementary phenomena of religious commitment and atheism are separated and defined in the light of distancing unfamiliar and familiar rather than by traditional division of faith and mind or sacred and profane (N. Luh­mann). Man has always created speculative realms (magic, myth, religion, phi­losophy, and science) where the unknown was symbolically presented as hope of communication with mysterious actors, experienced as joy and jubilation in the case of support, or as disappointment and weeping in the case of absence of such support.
On the Theoretical-methodological Consequences of Essentialism in Definition of Religion and Ethnic Community
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dobrynin Din Kh.
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the theoretical-methodological problems of combining essen­tialist attitudes in the definitions of religion and ethnic community. Essentialism assumes that an ethnic community has an essence that should be reflected in the theoretical constructions of scientists. At the same time, one of the essen­tial features of an ethnic community is supposed to be the presence of a unique culture, including religion. The essentialist understanding of religion is based either on overly narrow or overly broad definitions of it. The author comes to the conclusion that the simultaneous appeal to essentialism in relation to eth­nic community and to narrow essentialist definitions of religion (which, for ex­ample, does not include Buddhism) leads to the fact that an ethnic community can be spoken of only when its culture includes a pronounced religious compo­nent. In essentialism, an ethnic community is defined through a number of essen­tial features, including religion. However, the latter is defined so broadly that it becomes indistinguishable from morality and, consequently, loses its essence. This leads to a methodological impasse – the essence of the phenomenon is re­vealed through an appeal to the non-essential theoretical construct.
The Heart Admonition of the Ancient Chinese Classic Shujing: An Episode from History of Its Interpretation in the West and Russia
Authors:   HSE University, Stezhenskaya Lidiya V. ,   Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

Autochthonous traditional Chinese thought in its most developed form could be found in the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism, which continues to be a sig­nificant factor in the modern national consciousness of the Chinese people. At the same time, the pre-emptive attention of Western Sinology and Russian Chinese studies to early Confucianism does not fully take into account the Neo-Confucian interpretation of the ancient Chinese classics. Russian and Western translations of the so-called Sixteen-Word Heart Admonition (Shi liu zi xin chuan), a passage from Chapter III “Da Yu mo” (Councel of Yu the Great) of the ancient Chinese classic The Book of Historical Documents (Shujing) by A. Gaubil, N.Ya. Bichurin, D.P. Sivillov, W.H. Medhurst, J. Legge, S. Couvreur, and W.G. Old demonstrate the gradual assimilation of its Neo-Confucian inter­pretation by Western and Russian translators. Archimandrite Daniil (Dmitry P. Sivillov), in his unpublished Russian translation of Shujing of the early 1840s, adopted this interpretation earlier and understood it better than the others. It is assumed that rejection of the Manchu language mediation and peruse of the con­temporary Neo-Confucian commentaries played the key role in his success. The importance of Neo-Confucian hermeneutics research for the studies of tradi­tional Chinese philosophy, including ancient Chinese classics, is emphasized. The text of the previously unpublished Shujing Chapter III Da Yu mo Russian transla­tion by archimandrite Daniil is attached.
Utopia in the Recent Western Marxism: Anomaly, Hope, Science
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Pavlov Alexander V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The article investigates the problem of utopia in actual Marxism. It is well known that Marx and Engels opposed their “scientific socialism” to “utopian so­cialism”. The followers of Marx have long supported this orthodox teaching. However, since the middle of the 20th century, Western Marxists have begun to talk about utopia as the central element of their social philosophy. Sociologist Alvin Goldner called these “anomalies”. They stood out as a separate system of critical Marxism from the theoretical system of “scientific Marxism”. The first person to write about utopia was Ernst Bloch. Then Herbert Marcuse turned to the subject. Since the early 1990’s, when it would seem that Marxism was in cri­sis due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the failure of left-wing politics, it has been actively theorized about utopia. In addition to philosophers (Fredric Jameson, Slavoj Žižek) various types of sociologists (Erik Olin Wright, David Harvey) begin to write about utopia. The sociologist Göran Therborn called this trend in actual Marxism “American futurism”. The author of the paper writes that left-wing sociologists and philosophers abandon the traditional understand­ing of utopia (“blueprint”) and think it through in a new way. Sociologists try to talk about utopia in terms of science (“real utopias”), while philosophers theorize utopia as a hope, a horizon of the impossible, a desire for a better future. Despite the fact that these are two different understandings of utopia, the important thing is that for recent Marxists (even “scientific” ones), utopia is one of the most im­portant categories of social theory.
Philosophy of Management: between Science and Arts
Authors:   Rybinsk State Aviation Technical University, Sidorov Leonid G.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the problems of philosophy of management as a science and art. The concept of “inspirational management” is introduced. The inspira­tional concept of management is an alternative to the bureaucratic, technocratic approach to managing an organization. Inspirational management is carried out as inspiration, incentive, morally oriented communication. Inspirational manage­ment is studied on the basis of methods of dialectics and synergy. In order to identify the features of the interaction of sensual and rational, artificial and natural in management, the concepts of F. Taylor, E. Mayo, A.A. Bogdanov, G.P. Shchedrovitsky, A.V. Tikhonov, I. Nonaka and others are considered. The author draws a conclusion about the thought-sensual, socio-aesthetic nature of management as communication. The necessity of a morally oriented populariza­tion of scientific knowledge is substantiated. The main properties of inspirational management are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that the meta­system of scientific management is a social idealized project, an ideal type of so­ciety, which combines the properties and elements of science, philosophy, reli­gion, utopia, ideology and art.
The Philosophy of Sobornost as a Prototype of Ferdinand Tönnies’ “Sociological Conservatism”
Authors:   NWIM RANEPA, Siundiukov Nikita K.
Published: October 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the theory of Ferdinand Tönnies “Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft” and the philosophy of catholicity in the works of A.S. Khomyakov and I.V. Kireevsky. The theory of Tönnies is considered in the light of the concept of “sociological conservatism” manifested by A.F. Filippov. It is shown that the conceptual opposition “Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft” can be seen continuation of the discussion about the “nature of the social”. In this light, the main reference points of Tönnies sociology are the political theories of Aris­totle and Hobbes, with an emphasis on the definition of the “natural state” of man. Based on the analysis of Tönnies theory, it is shown that its comparison with Slavophilism is possible in three parameters: appeal to the factor of sub­stantiality, the dichotomy of “historical” and “non – historical” and the use of the concept of “organic”. It is proved that in the context of a “conservative” reading of the philosophy of sobornost, its argumentation turns out to be mainly political and sociological
Completion or Beginning. G. Shpet’s Historical Philosophy as the Foundation of the Institute of Philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sidorin Vladimir V. , Chernyaev Anatoliy V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shchedrina Tatiana G. ,   Institute of Social and Humanitarian Education, Moscow State Pedagogical University
Published: October 2021

One of the most interesting pages in the creative biography of G.G. Shpet is his leadership in the Institute of Scientific Philosophy (1921–1923) – the topic which is only indicated, but not yet sufficiently researched today. The article at­tempts to characterize the intellectual and organizational efforts of G.G. Shpet as director of the Institute of Scientific Philosophy and demonstrate the importance of his activities for preserving the tradition of Russian philosophical culture in the early years of Soviet power. The relevance of his historical experience lies in the fact that he skillfully combined managerial duties and scientific leader­ship. The analysis of this experience allows us today to ponder about the effec­tiveness of modern management strategies, which often separate management from the content of scientific activity in various intellectual and cultural institu­tions, guided by the productivity of the idea of “division of intellectual labor”. Meanwhile, leadership functions have significantly influence on the develop­ment of thematic priorities in science, as evidenced by the experience of Shpet’s directorship. His activities as director of the Institute of Scientific Philosophy are considered in the context of the socio-cultural situation of that time, as well as taking into account the intellectual and existential heritage of the philosopher: his reflections on the very essence of philosophical knowledge, on the historical fate of domestic intellectual culture; in particular, in the context of the draft of the summary of the report “What is philosophy” published below, which he read at a meeting of the institution headed by him on October 20, 1922.
Retrospective and Prospective of the Subject’s Principle in the Research of Thinking in the Rubinstein’s School
Authors:   Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Abulkhanova Ksenia A.
Published: October 2021

The article compares two lines of development of S.L. Rubinstein's theory. The first of them is associated with the activities of Rubinstein's student and permanent employee, after his death, the director of the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Brushlinsky, the second-with the activities of the last student of S.L. Rubinstein, D.B. Bogoyavlenskaya. If Brushlinsky introduces the concept of non-instantaneous insight, which marks the insight prepared by the previous thinking process, then Bogoyavlenskaya justifies the instantaneity of insight, describing the “vertical” structure of the thinking process and the corresponding language; Brushlinsky introduces the term “sought” to denote the goal of finding a solution to the problem-Bogoyavlenskaya goes further and reveals the ability of the subject to develop activities on his initiative after finding such a solution; Brushlinsky develops the subject-activity approach – Bogoyavlenskaya implements the principle of Rubinstein’s creative autoactivity [1922], developing the philosophical and psychological theory of the teacher and its methodological richness.
The Mechanism of Creativity: Why We Discover the New
Authors:   Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Bogoyavlenskaya Diana B.
Published: October 2021

The article presents an attempt to substantiate the mechanism of creativity as a development of the activity on its own initiative, the emergence and develop­ment of which is the highest level of human cognitive activity. The author correl­ates this understanding of creativity with the phenomenon of giftedness and sees the fundamental difference between creative thinking and productive thinking – the latter does not go beyond the solution of the proposed problems and consists in mastering the required algorithm for this. The article describes in detail the method developed for research on the development of cognition in humans, and the experimental model, which differs from the traditional model of "stimu­lus-response", which, according to the author, allows us to observe the phe­nomenon of creativity as an activity initiated by the subject himself. Such an ex­periment was conducted by the author and his followers for half a century on the same subjects: first they were students of the physics and mathematics school, then graduates of universities and institutes, and eventually became scientists, teachers or employees of firms. As a proof of the validity and prognosticality of the method, the author considers not the sample size, but the stability of the in­dicators of creativity of the participants of the experiment shown in the diagnosis over half a century.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome: current understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Zaydiyeva Z. S. , Uruymagova A. T.
Published: October 2021

Review article is devoted to one of the most common polygenic endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We review the current criteria used to make a correct diagnosis based on four phenotypes of PCOS: Frank (phenotype A) – biochemical and/or clinical hyperandrogenism, oligo-/anovulation, polycystic ovarian morphology according to ultrasound; anovulatory (phenotype B) – oligo-/anovulation, biochemical and/or clinical hyperandrogenism; ovulatory (phenotype C) – biochemical and/or clinical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian morphology according to ultrasound; non-androgenic (phenotype D) – oligo-/anovulation, polycystic ovarian morphology according to ultrasound. This article presents the main theories of PCOS pathogenesis: peripheral, central, insulin, genetic, and also considers epigenetic factors. PCOS is a multifactorial disease in which genes are responsible for the mechanisms of the process, and environmental factors through epigenetics affect the genetic material. PCOS phenotypes play an important role in clinical practice, as they allow an individualised approach to the selection of therapy in each case, taking into account the pathogenesis of the disease and predicting its course in the future. The main therapeutic options for treating patients with PCOS, taking into account the multifactorial nature of the disease and the patient's interest in pregnancy, are reviewed. The article presents modern methods for the correction of hyperandrogenism and anovulation, with special emphasis on the need for progesterone therapy.
General principles of uncomplicated cystitis therapy during pregnancy
Authors: Tyutyunnik V. L. , Kan N. E. , Khachatryan L. V.
Published: October 2021

Urinary tract infections during pregnancy are associated with severe complications. Earlier initiation of antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis, reduces the various complications.

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of fosfomycin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis during II and III trimester of pregnancy.

Material and methods. The study included 74 pregnant women who had acute uncomplicated cystitis in II or III trimesters. All patients received fosfomycin trometamol 3.754 g (equivalent to 3 g fosfomycin) as antimicrobial therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis. The drug was prescribed to 24 pregnant women in the II, and 50 in the III trimester of pregnancy.

Results. After treatment with fosfomycin signs of acute cystitis gone in all patients. At the same time, regression of clinical symptoms was noted during the next days after therapy in 95.9% (n = 71) of cases. Repeated microbiological test of the middle portion of urine was performed 7 days after the end of antibiotic therapy. In 94.6% (n = 70) cases, total elimination of the pathogen was achieved. In 5.4% (n = 4) cases, there was a significant decrease of colonization Follow-up for three months showed the absence of recurrence of acute cystitis in all pregnant women who were included in the study.

Conclusion. Fosfomycin is a highly effective drug in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis during pregnancy.
Iodine deficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region: current state of the problem
Authors: Kurmacheva N. A. , Svinarev M. Yu. , Chernenkov Yu. V. , Panina O. S. , Yakovleva K. V. , Anisimova S. V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Iodine deficiency remains an urgent challenge for the Russian Federation. Pregnant women should receive prophylactic potassium iodide supplements at a dose of 200–250 mcg per day. To monitor the severity of iodine deficiency in the regions and the efficacy of prenatal iodine prophylaxis, it is prudent to use the neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia rate for newborns (thyroidstimulating hormone level is higher than 5 μIU/L) based on the results of congenital hypothyroidism screening.

Objective. To assess the changes in the severity of iodine deficiency and the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region based on the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia over the past 25 years.

Materials and methods. The incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia in newborns in the Saratov region for the period of 1996–2000 and 2015–2020 was analysed. In total, 229,625 children were examined.

Results and discussion. In 1996–2000, neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia was detected in 37.4% of newborns, which was evidence of the presence of moderate iodine deficiency in the region. In 2015–2020, the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia decreased by 5.42 times to 6.9% (p < 0.0001) against the background of group iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women, but remained higher than the World Health Organization targets for iodine-rich regions (<3%) suggesting the preservation of mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region.

Conclusions. Despite the obligatory doctor’s prescription of prenatal group iodine prophylaxis, there is still iodine insufficiency in pregnant women and newborns in the Saratov region, which requires further improvement of the regional iodine deficiency eradication action system in the risk groups. However, significant advances in the fight against iodine deficiency in the nutrition of the Russian population can only be achieved after the adoption of the federal law on universal salt iodization.
The use of combined hormonal contraception in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Uruymagova A. T. , Prilepskaya V. N. , Mezhevitinova E. A. , Poghosyan M. T.
Published: October 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) was declared the cause of a global pandemic in early 2020. Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk for thrombotic occlusions of the arteries and veins. There are many ways that explain the high risk of thrombosis in COVID-19, they are conditionally divided into two main categories: mechanisms in which the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system is involved and mechanisms that affect the regulation of the immune response. It is assumed that the uncomplicated course of the disease is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, but if the process progresses with a pronounced immune response, plasma coagulation factors may also be involved, which significantly increases the risks of thromboembolic complications. The use of combined hormonal contraception (CHC) in the current conditions raises a number of concerns. According to some researchers, disorders of the hemostasis system observed in patients with COVID-19 may worsen while taking CHC and increase the risk of thromboembolic complications, which is especially important in severe disease with prolonged immobilization. However, with the use of CHC, the increase in thrombotic risks is explained primarily by changes in the plasma component of the hemostasis sys tem. At first glance, the recommendations to stop hormone therapy with confirmed COVID-19 seem logical, but they are based only on the procoagulant activity of estrogens, and not on real evidence. In patients with COVID-19, the increase in coagulation is associ ated with massive damage to the vascular endothelium (the so-called «external» coagulation pathway) and the immune response, and not with a primary increase in the level of coagulation factors per se. At the same time, stopping the intake of estrogens deprives the patient of their important protective effect. Thus, it became necessary to develop clinical guidelines for the management of women using contraception in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
An innovative approach to the treatment of high-risk HPV patients using allokin-alpha
Authors: Anokhova L. I. , Belokrinitskaya T. Ye. , Belozertseva E. P. , Maslova T. M.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. In the research literature, there have been recorded instances of imbalance of interleukins and tumour necrosis factors in the cervix tissues, endocervical mucus, suggestive of the potential feasibility of the use of immunomodulatory therapy.

Purpose of the study. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the domestic drug allokin-alpha in the treatment of high-risk HPV infection (HPV) in patients of reproductive age, without elimination of the virus within more than 6–12 months and planning pregnancy.

Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients of reproductive age with chronic HPV carriage – BP infection. They are represented in the study by two groups: 1st: 30 people in whose therapy allokin-alpha was not used (control group); and 30 patients without HPV BPV elimination in terms of more than 6–12 months, planning pregnancy and taking the domestic cytokiton-like immunomodulator allokin-alpha.

Results. Spontaneous pregnancy occurred in 2/30 (6.7%) in the group without immunomodulator and in 9/30 patients in the group with allokin-alpha (30%) cases (c² = 5.45; p = 0.02; OR = 6.0 [1.17–30.72])

Conclusion. The sustained virological response that we have achieved indicates the advisability of the use of allokin-alpha, a domestic immunomodulator of natural origin, in patients with high-risk chronic HPV infection and reproductive planning.
The role of the microbiome and transcriptome in the development and progression of CIN
Authors: Peremykina A. V. , Andreyev A. O. , Bayramova G. B. , Priputnevich T. V. , Mikhanoshina N. V. , Dobrovolskaya D. A.
Published: October 2021

The article presents a systematic review of the results of modern clinical studies devoted to the problem of the microbiome and transcriptome in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Moderate to severe CIN (CIN II – III) can precede the development of cervical cancer (CC) by several years or even decades. Cervical cancer (CC) is an important global health problem. There is a year-on-year increase in the prevalence of CC. Currently, there are many known risk factors that contribute to the development of CIN and cervical cancer. However, the vaginal and cervical microbiome play an important role in the development and progression of CIN and CC, according to some authors. Thus, the timely detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesion-associated genital infections is now especially important. From these point of view, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is considered an acute problem in gynecological practice, which affects the incidence of precancerous conditions of the cervix. The results of the studies have shown the importance of detailed analysis of the vaginal microbial community, which was performed by the method of next generation sequencing (NGS). These studies were conducted using the NGS method based on the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, which has a high diagnostic accuracy and allows to determine the verity of the microbial landscape. The study of the transcriptome in women with CIN showed a change in many microRNA molecules, which can become markers of the CIN and cervical cancer upon further study. The introduction of the NGS method into the laboratory diagnostics complex will improve the diagnosis and timely prevent the progression of CIN to cervical cancer.

The study of the microbiome of the vaginal biotope and cervical canal will allow to identify the groups of patients at high risk for the progression of precancerous lesions of the cervix and cervical cancer. Transcriptome studies have shown changes in many microRNA molecules (SALL4, FOXO1, HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3, LL37, psoriasin and IL-8, etc.) in women with CIN and cervical cancer.
The choice of the X-ray endovascular method for the treatment of uterine fibroids and the possibility of prolonging the remission of the disease
Authors: Markarov A. E. , Apresyan S. V. , Dimitrova V. I. , Papoyan S. A. , Gromov D. G. , Slyusareva O. A. , Melkikyan A. M.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. In the cohort prospective comparative study, the investigators examined the effectiveness of intraoperative administration of Antiadgesin and adjuvant therapy with Gynestril after laparoscopic-assisted myomectomy combined with temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries and embolization of uterine arteries in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Objective. To achieve stable remission of the disease, improve reproductive outcomes after myomectomy.

Materials and methods. 100 women who underwent organ-preserving treatment of uterine fibroids from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled in the study. The eligibility criteria were as follows: the age of 28–45 years (the mean age was 34 ± 4.5 years), organ-preserving treatment of uterine fibroids. The exclusion criteria from the study were as follows: the age of over 45 years; allergic reactions to mifepristone, Antiadgesin and contrast media; patients with contraindications for use of drugs, with aggravated medical history, with liver diseases, with endometrial hyperplastic processes (adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia).

Conclusions. It has been shown that the continuous use of Gynestril at a dose of 50 mg/day for 3 months after surgical treatment due to proliferating uterine fibroids led to the absence of disease-recurrences within two years after discontinuation of the drug, and the occurrence of a relapse in one patient three years after treatment. The use of Gynestril after embolization of the uterine arteries made it possible to statistically reduce the size of the node by 25% within 12 months, 50% after 24 months and 70% – after 36 months. (p <0.05). Intraoperative use of Antiadgesin made it possible to prevent adhesion and development of tubalperitoneal infertility.

Conclusion. The combination treatment of uterine fibroids, including myomectomy and drug therapy with Antiadgesin and Gynestril, made it possible to implement reproductive function in 73.3% of patients, moreover, 40% of patients had undergone a natural delivery
Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in preparation programs for in vitro fertilization
Authors: Romanov A. Yu. , Syrkasheva A. G. , Kuznetsova I. V.
Published: October 2021

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is considered as the second most common cause of vaginitis after bacterial vaginosis. About three quarters of women of reproductive age have a history of at least one episode of VVC, and about a half of women have two or more episodes. Candida albicans is responsible for85% to 90% of vulvovaginal candidiasis. There are uncomplicated and complicated forms of VVC. Uncomplicated forms are not severe cases caused by C. albicans. Complicated forms are cases caused by other Candida species, severe cases, cases that develop during pregnancy or associated with other diseases such as diabetes mellitus or immunosuppressive conditions. Reccurent cases are also complicated ones. Therapeutic schemes should depend on the form of the VVC. Short-term topical therapy or a single oral dose are effective in 90% of uncomplicated cases. Complicated forms of VVC require longer treatment. Oral fluconazole can be administered three times with a break of 72 hours. Topical azoles can be administered daily for at least 1 week. So, sertaconazole in the form of suppositories is used once intravaginally. The data on the use of probiotics in the treatment of VVC today are contradictory and heterogeneous. Treatment of VVC during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. On the other hand, during pregnancy, VVC can be more severe than in non-pregnant women, especially in the second half of pregnancy. In addition, the risk of transmission to a newborn is about 50%. Thus, the identification and treatment of VVC is one of the important tasks in pregnancy planning, including assisted reproduction.
EMPEROR-Preserved: SGLT2 inhibitors breakthrough in the management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Wagdy Kerolos , Nagy Sherif
Published: October 2021

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex disease which accounts for more than half of all HF hospital admissions with high prevalence and lack of effective evidence-based management. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a new antidiabetic drug that recently gained a new role in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction but its role in HFpEF had yet to be studied.Study and results: EMPEROR-Preserved trial set out to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin on major heart failure outcomes in patients with HFpEF. The patients were randomized in a 1:1 fashion into two groups; to receive either empagliflozin 10 mg per day (n = 2,997) or placebo (n = 2,991) in addition to usual therapy. Empagliflozin led to a 21% risk reduction of the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, which was mainly related to a 29% lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure rather than effect on cardiovascular death empagliflozin. The effects SGLT2 inhibitors were consistent in all patients.
CT-based fractional flow reserve: development and expanded application
Authors: Torii Ryo , Yacoub Magdi H
Published: October 2021

Computations of fractional flow reserve, based on CT coronary angiography and computational fluid dynamics (CT-based FFR) to assess the severity of coronary artery stenosis, was introduced around a decade ago and is now one of the most successful applications of computational fluid dynamic modelling in clinical practice. Although the mathematical modelling framework behind this approach and the clinical operational model vary, its clinical efficacy has been demonstrated well in general. In this review, technical elements behind CT-based FFR computation are summarised with some key assumptions and challenges. Examples of these challenges include the complexity of the model (such as blood viscosity and vessel wall compliance modelling), whose impact has been debated in the research. Efforts made to address the practical challenge of processing time are also reviewed. Then, further application areas – myocardial bridge, renal stenosis and lower limb stenosis – are discussed along with specific challenges expected in these areas.
Coronary ectasia due to primary aldosteronism in an exceptional presentation
Authors: Rasras Hammam , Brem Falmata Laouan , El Ouafi Noha , Ismaili Nabila
Published: October 2021

Primary aldosteronism as a cause of coronary ectasia has been reported only once in the literature and was associated with an aortic aneurysm. Here, we report a second presentation in our cardiology department - a 59-year-old female patient who was admitted for unstable angina. Coronary angiography revealed an ectasia of two major coronary arteries. An etiological assessment revealed an idiopathic primary aldosteronism.
A case of coronary artery air embolism in a transplanted heart during cardiac allograft vasculopathy surveillance angiography
Authors: Spindel Jeffrey F , Singh Vikas , Mathbout Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Coronary air embolism is a rare iatrogenic complication during invasive coronary angiography or angioplasty that can cause acute chest pain, hypotension, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and even death. We present a case of left anterior descending coronary artery air embolization in a 58-year-old heart transplant patient that occurred during cardiac allograft vasculopathy surveillance angiography. The patient was managed successfully with rapid coronary injections of heparinized saline, catheter disengagement to increase coronary blood flow, and supplementation of 100% oxygen to dissolve the coronary air embolus. This case highlights this rare complication of coronary angiography, importance of prompt recognition of the pathology and subsequent management.
Wastewater flow forecasting model based on the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network
Authors: El Ghazouli Khalid , El Khattabi Jamal , Shahrour Isam , Soulhi Aziz
Published: October 2021

Wastewater flow forecasts are key components in the short- and long-term management of sewer systems. Forecasting flows in sewer networks constitutes a considerable uncertainty for operators due to the nonlinear relationship between causal variables and wastewater flows. This work aimed to fill the gaps in the wastewater flow forecasting research by proposing a novel wastewater flow forecasting model (WWFFM) based on the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs neural network, real-time, and forecasted water consumption with an application to the sewer system of Casablanca in Morocco. Furthermore, this research compared the two approaches of the forecasting model. The first approach consists of forecasting wastewater flows on the basis of real-time water consumption and infiltration flows, and the second approach considers the same input in addition to water distribution flow forecasts. The results indicate that both approaches show accurate and similar performances in predicting wastewater flows, while the forecasting horizon does not exceed the watershed lag time. For prediction horizons that exceed the lag time value, the WWFFM with water distribution forecasts provided more reliable forecasts for long-time horizons. The proposed WWFFM could benefit operators by providing valuable input data for predictive models to enhance sewer system efficiency.
Combined compact anaerobic reactors and lamella settlers for decentralized sewage treatment
Authors: Lisboa Adriane Dias da Silva , Silva Lucas Achaval , Ginoris Yovanka Pérez , de Souza Marco Antonio Almeida
Published: October 2021

This work presents a compact plant's development and performance evaluation for the decentralized treatment of domestic sewage. The plant was conceived and installed in a house with four residents in Vicente Pires, Federal District, Brazil. Its purpose was to remove organic matter and solids using a low-cost biological treatment process that was simple to operate. The plant was essentially anaerobic, composed of an up-flow anaerobic reactor and an anaerobic filter, both associated with lamella settlers. It was operated under real conditions and monitored for nineteen months, with removal efficiencies (calculated over the medians) of 81% for COD, 83% for BOD, 51% for Total Solids, 55% for Total Volatile Solids, 87% for Total Suspended Solids, and 100% for Settleable Solids. The plant performed adequately, with no clogging between the plates of the lamella settlers, no offensive odours, and limited amounts of sludge and scum.
A techno-economic analysis of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for the reuse of municipal wastewater
Authors: Kehrein Philipp , Jafari Morez , Slagt Marc , Cornelissen Emile , Osseweijer Patricia , Posada John , van Loosdrecht Mark
Published: October 2021

The objective of this paper is to compare, under Dutch market conditions, the energy consumption and net costs of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for three water reuse types (i.e. potable, industrial, agricultural reuse). The water source is municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. Results indicate that the application of reverse osmosis is needed to reclaim high quality water for industrial and potable reuse but not for irrigation water which offers significant energy savings but may not lead automatically to lower net costs. While a reclamation process for industrial reuse is economically most promising, irrigation water reclamation processes are not cost effective due to low water prices. Moreover, process operational expenditures may exceed capital expenditures which is important for tender procedures. A significant cost factor is waste management that may exceed energy costs. Water recovery rates could be significantly enhanced through the integration of a softener/biostabilizer unit prior to reverse osmosis. Moreover, the energy consumption of wastewater reclamation processes could be supplied on-site with solar energy. The possibility of designing a ‘fit for multi-purpose’ reclamation process is discussed briefly. This comparative analysis allows for better informed decision making about which reuse type is preferably targeted in a municipal wastewater reuse project from a process design perspective.
Characteristics of adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cu(II) by sediment under different hydrodynamic of the Ganjiang river, China
Authors: Shi Xianluo , Zhang Wei , Li Baotong
Published: October 2021

Discharges from industrial and agricultural processes into water bodies can result in the accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu(II) in the sediment via various physical and chemical interactions. While there are many studies of the adsorption of heavy metals by sediment, few have considered the effects of hydrodynamic conditions. Here, the adsorption of Cu(II) by sediments under different hydrodynamic conditions was studied using a particle entrainment simulator. The sediment samples were obtained from the Poyang Lake basin in China. Models describing pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetics and the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubin Radushkevich adsorption isotherms were used to evaluate the adsorption of Cu(II) by the sediments under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results showed that adsorption equilibrium for Cu(II) by the sediment was attained within 4 hours and increased with increasing shear stress; the kinetics were consistent with pseudo-second-order and Elovich models, indicating that chemical processes were involved in adsorption; the adsorption isotherms could be described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Changes in the sediment shear stress had little effect on the maximum adsorption capacity and values ranged from 0.9425 to 1.0634 mg/g. The results indicated that the adsorption sites for Cu(II) in soil were heterogeneous.