bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review THE TAO OF ISLAM (Kitab Rujukan tentang Relasi Gender dalam Kosmologi dan Teologi Islam)
Authors: Romdloni Romdloni
Published: April 2019

Perbincangan masalah gender, seringkali menimbulkan suasana yang “kurang nyaman” bahkan konfrontatif, baik dalam forum perempuan saja maupun forum yang melibatkan laki-laki dan perempuan. Hal ini karena gender dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang Barat-sentris. Bahkan seringkali terjadi kerancuan pandangan tentang konsep seks dan gender, baik oleh laki-laki maupun perempuan sendiri. Gender masih identik dengan perempuan. Karena itu, persoalan gender juga adalah persoalan perempuan. Padahal sebenarnya, persoalan gender adalah problem bersama laki-laki dan perempuan, karena menyangkut peran, fungsi, dan relasi antara kedua jenis kelamin tersebut, baik kehidupan ranah domestik maupun publik. Gender secara umum digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan laki-laki dan perempuan dari segi sosial-budaya. Studi gender lebih menekankan perkembangan aspek maskulinitas (masculinity/rujuliyah) atau feminitas (feminity/nisa’iyyah) seseorang. Berbeda dengan studi seks yang lebih menekankan perkembangan aspek biologis dan komposisi kimia dalam tubuh laki-laki (maleness/zhukurah) dan perempuan (femaleness/unutsah). Untuk proses pertumbuhan anak menjadi seorang laki-laki atau perempuan, lebih banyak digunakan istilah gender daripada istilah seks. Istilah seks umumnya digunakan untuk merujuk kepada persoalan reproduksi dan aktivitas seksual, selebihnya digunakan istilah gender
Direct to consumer advertising of prescription medicines in New Zealand to retain market share
Authors: Samaranayaka Sashika , Green James A
Published: April 2019

Direct to consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicine is only practised in New Zealand and USA. This study attempted to find a link between the rate of advertising and the rate of dispensing, and subsequently explored the timing of advertising relative to the arrival of generic equivalents to the advertised brand. Nine magazine titles were exhaustively hand searched from January 2005 to December 2009 for advertisements for prescription medicines. For a subset of advertised medicines, subsidised dispensing rates of those medicines and equivalent products were obtained from the New Zealand Ministry of Health/PHARMAC for the same period. The rates of advertising were then compared with the rates of dispensing. No direct link was observed between the rate of advertising and the rate of dispensing of that particular medicine. However, almost all advertising occurred around the introduction of subsidy for competitor products. This suggests that medicine advertising is intended to act defensively, to preserve market share. This type of medicine advertising has not been observed previously, and does not offer any clear educational benefit to the consumer, and instead may lead to out of pocket spending where a cheaper equivalent medicine is available.
Effects of external mechanical loading on stress generation during lithiation in Li-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Zhou Wenbin
Published: April 2019

Li-ion batteries are ineluctably subjected to external mechanical loading or stress gradient. Such stress can be induced in battery electrode during fabrication and under normal operation. In this paper, we develop a model for stresses generated during lithiation in the thin plate electrode considering the effects of external mechanical loading. It is found that diffusion-induced stresses are asymmetrically distributed through the thickness of plate due to the coupling effects of asymmetrically distributed external mechanical stress. At the very early stage during Li-ions insertion, the effects of the external mechanical loading is quite limited and unobvious. With the diffusion time increasing, the external mechanical loading exerts a significant influence on the evolution of stresses generated in the electrode. External compressed electrode is inclined to increase the value of stresses generated during lithiation, while external tensed electrode tends to decrease the value of stresses, and as the diffusion time increases, the effects of the external mechanical loading on the stresses generated during lithiation become more obvious.
Sortal concepts and pragmatic inference in children’s early quantification of objects
Authors: Srinivasan Mahesh , Chestnut Eleanor , Li Peggy , Barner David
Published: April 2019

It is typically assumed that count nouns like fork act as logical sortals, specifying whether objects are countable units of a kind (e.g., that a whole fork counts as “one fork”) or not (e.g., that a piece of a fork does not count as “one fork”). In four experiments, we provide evidence from linguistic and conceptual development that nouns do not specify units of quantification, but include both whole objects and their arbitrary parts in their denotations. We argue that, to restrict quantification to whole objects, nominal concepts are enriched pragmatically, via contrast with concepts denoted by alternative descriptions: a piece of a fork is not counted as “one fork” because it is “one piece of fork.” Experiment 1 replicated previous findings that children count pieces of broken objects as whole objects (e.g., two pieces of fork as “two forks”), and showed that children also accept whole object labels as descriptions of object pieces (e.g., “two forks” to describe two pieces of fork). Experiment 2 showed that although children accept such descriptions in isolation, they prefer measure phrases (e.g., “two pieces of fork”) when they are explicitly presented as alternatives. Experiment 3 found that children were better at excluding pieces from their counts of whole objects when measure phrases were primed prior to counting, making them accessible as alternatives to whole object labels. Finally, Experiment 4 taught children names for novel objects, and found that they do not count parts that are given unique labels or that have non-linguistic properties that suggest they are members of distinct object kinds (e.g., unique functions or physical affordances). Together, our results suggest that for children and adults alike, nominal concepts do not provide necessary and sufficient criteria for excluding parts from object kinds. To specify units of quantification – and do the work of sortals – concepts are contrasted with one another and enriched pragmatically.
Encoding individuals in language using syntax, words, and pragmatic inference
Authors: Srinivasan Mahesh , Barner David
Published: April 2019

How does linguistic structure relate to how we construe reality? In many languages, countable individuals like objects are typically labeled by count nouns (e.g., two rabbits, every truck, etc.), while unindividuated masses like substances are typically labeled by mass nouns (e.g., much mud, barrel of oil, etc.). These facts have led researchers to propose that learning mass‐count syntax affects how speakers perceive objects and substances, or alternatively that an understanding of this distinction – or one between individuals and non‐individuals – scaffolds the acquisition of mass and count nouns. Here, we evaluate these ideas and describe how recent developments in the literature have fundamentally changed our understanding of the mass-.‐count distinction and how it relates to individuation. Across three sections, we show that a simple distinction between countable individuals and non‐individuals cannot provide a foundation for the mass‐count distinction (e.g., because many mass nouns like furniture and luggage can denote individuals). Further, we show that mass‐count syntax does not shape whether items are construed as individuals or not, but instead allows speakers to select from a set of universally available meanings (e.g., because speakers of all languages quantify objects and substances similarly). We argue that a complete understanding of how mass‐count syntax encodes reality requires understanding how different aspects of language – syntax, lexical roots, word meanings, and pragmatic inference – interact to encode abstract, countable individuals.
Integrating Common Ground and Informativeness in Pragmatic Word Learning
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Tessler Michael Henry , Frank Michael C.
Published: April 2019

Pragmatic inferences are an integral part of language learn- ing and comprehension. To recover the intended meaning of an utterance, listeners need to balance and integrate different sources of contextual information. In a series of experiments, we studied how listeners integrate general expectations about speakers with expectations specific to their interactional his- tory with a particular speaker. We used a Bayesian pragmatics model to formalize the integration process. In Experiments 1 and 2, we replicated previous findings showing that listeners make inferences based on speaker-general and speaker-specific expectations. We then used the empirical measurements from these experiments to generate model predictions about how the two kinds of expectations should be integrated, which we tested in Experiment 3. Experiment 4 replicated and extended Experiment 3 to a broader set of conditions. In both experiments, listeners based their inferences on both types of expectations. We found that model performance was also consistent with this finding; with better fit for a model which incorporated both general and specific information compared to baselines incorporating only one type. Listeners flexibly integrate different forms of social expectations across a range of contexts, a process which can be described using Bayesian models of pragmatic reasoning.
Polysemy and the Taxonomic Constraint: Children’s Representation of Words that Label Multiple Kinds
Authors: Srinivasan Mahesh , Snedeker Jesse
Published: April 2019

How do children resolve the problem of indeterminacy when learning a new word? By one account, children adopt a taxonomic assumption and expect the word to denote only members of a particular taxonomic category. According to one version of this constraint, young children should represent polysemous words that label multiple kinds—e.g., chicken, which labels an animal and its meat—as separate and unrelated words that each encode a single kind. Our studies provide evidence against this account: we show that four- and five-year-old children spontaneously expect that a word that has labeled one meaning of a familiar polysemous word will also label its other, taxonomically-different meaning. Further, we show that children’s taxonomic flexibility is importantly constrained—children do not expect a word to label thematically-related meanings (e.g., chicken and egg), or the unrelated meanings of homophones (e.g., bat[animal] and bat[baseball]). We argue that although children are initially guided by the taxonomic constraint when pairing word forms with meanings, they nonetheless relate the taxonomically-different meanings of polysemous words within lexical structure. Thus, for even young children, a single word can label multiple kinds.
Interpreting psychometric models
Authors: van Bork Riet
Published: April 2019

The field of psychometrics aims to develop theories on how to measure psychological constructs through observable behavior. This dissertation focuses on two psychometric theories that differ in how the psychological construct is related to observable behaviors. Latent trait theory understands psychological constructs as underlying common causes of observed behavior that explain the associations between certain behaviors. Alternatively, in the psychological network theory, behaviors correlate because they mutually reinforce each other and the psychological construct refers to the resulting cluster of associated behaviors. These different theories about how to conceptualize psychological constructs and how to relate these constructs to observable behavior can be formally defined in a set of equations and assumptions that make up a psychometric model. The chapters in this dissertation focus on two types of psychometric models: Latent variable models and network models. Part I of the dissertation focuses on the interpretation of the latent variable model. Part II of the dissertation makes a comparison between latent variable models and network models. While psychometric models can be interpreted as representations of a theory about the data-generating mechanism, this is not necessary. Psychometric models are often viewed as mere descriptions of data. This dissertation shows the importance of thinking through the choice of interpreting psychometric models either as a representation of a causal mechanism or as a description of the data and provides insights in the implications of that choice.
An evaluation of a manualised group self-esteem programme for Anorexia Nervosa patients regaining weight
Authors: Biney Hannah , Hutt Matt , Matthews Rachel , Lacey Hubert
Published: April 2019

Low self-esteem has been identified as a strong predictor of onset, maintenance and relapse in eating disorders. This suggests that treatment directly addressing low self-esteem might improve recovery. The Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) based group for low self-esteem is a six session manualised programme based on Melanie Fennel’s model for low self-esteem. It was developed at Newbridge House, a child and adolescent eating disorder inpatient unit in the UK. Although the use of CBT for low self-esteem is established in adult services, the Newbridge programme, adapting the same principles for children and adolescents, is to our knowledge, the first of its kind. This paper reports a service evaluation (N=63) which examines the efficacy of this group in improving low self-esteem for 12-17 year olds with a primary diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Paired-samples t-tests compared the differences in pre- to post-group and post-group to follow-up. Results indicate significant improvements in self-esteem as shown by improvements on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, which are maintained at follow-up. This highlights that group manualised CBT for low self-esteem is effective for young people with AN and indicates the need for future controlled studies.
The Need for Making Contact in Times of Crisis
Authors: Groot Barbara , Vink Marian , Schout Gert , Abma Tineke
Published: April 2019

Descriptive studies on the experiences of service users in psychiatric emergency wards are increasing. However, the experience of users throughout the whole psychiatric emergency procedure, the ‘patient journey’ from the moment of mental health crisis leading to admission in a psychiatric inpatient unit, has rarely been studied. This article aims to make a further contribution to this body of knowledge by not only describing the service-users’ journey but also shows whether and how that perspective is received by other stakeholders like healthcare professionals, family-members, police, representatives of the municipality and ambulance staff and representatives of the municipality, to jointly make action-plans for improvement. A responsive evaluation including interviews, focus groups and dialogue session with a transformative aim was conducted in a mixed team of researchers with and without experiential knowledge. Service users and other stakeholders agree on the main issues: the importance of contact; signaling; expropriation and earning freedom. However, proposed actions differed between users and professionals. Service users proposed relational actions to offer good care. Professionals recommended actions in response to issues of fragmentation and discontinuity. We conclude that responsive evaluation can help to create a more informed and kaleidoscopic view of the complexity of psychiatric emergency care. Therefore, we recommend that various actions need to be considered to meet the needs of service users better covering all phases of Tronto’s care ethical model: caring about, taking care, caring giving and care receiving.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI BERBASIS ANDROID UNTUK PENGENALAN HURUF HIJAIYAH
Authors: Gunawan Wawan
Published: April 2019

Huruf Hijaiyah atau huruf arab digunakan untuk membaca Al-Quran oleh orang-orang muslim di seluruh dunia sejak zaman dahulu. Mempelajari huruf hijaiyah merupakan suatu langkah awal untuk membaca kitab suci Al-Qur’an. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca huruf hijaiyah pada anak sangat diperlukan pemilihan metode atau media pembelajaran yang tepat serta strategi yang baik, karena memiliki andil yang sangat besar dalam proses pembelajaran. Sistem android merupakan sistem operasi yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat dunia, sehingga aplikasi pembelajaran yang akan dapat digunakan di mana saja dan kapan saja. Konten yang diperlukan oleh pengguna dapat diakses dengan mudah dan dilengkapi dengan fasilitas multimedia yang mampu menggabungkan antara teks, gambar, dan suara dalam satu device. Dalam media edukasi ini, penulis membuat aplikasi untuk mengenalkan huruf hijaiyah beserta suara cara pengucapanya, yang menarik agar anak usia dini tertarik belajar huruf hijaiyah. Aplikasi pembelajaran yang akan digunakan untuk usia 3 sampai 9 tahun ini berisi materi pembelajaran huruf hijaiyah sampai dengan latihan-latihan.  Perancangan aplikasi pengenalan huruf hijaiyah ini dikembangkan dengan pemrograman berbasis objek yaitu menggunakan Construct 2 berbasis HTML 5.
Situations de coexistence interreligieuse en Méditerranée : esquisse d’une analyse comparative
Authors: Albera Dionigi
Published: April 2019

Plusieurs travaux ont exploré les situations de contact en Méditerranée. Ils ont montré, par exemple, que durant l'époque moderne les relations marchandes dessinaient des espaces de communication entre sociétés et cultures2. Mais jusqu 'à quel point est-il possible d'élargir cette démarche en prenant en compte la dimension religieuse ? Ne sommes-nous pas, dans ce cas, en présence du noyau dur des identités collectives, peu enclin au compromis et aux accommodements ? Examiner les formes dévotionnelles qui franchissent les frontières entre religions représente incontestablement un défi. Et le faire en choisissant la Méditerranée comme cadre comparatif semble rendre ce pari encore plus risqué. Aujourd'hui plus que jamais, ce « continent liquide » est traversé par des affrontements. Le nœud religieux est de plus en plus central et se configure souvent comme le principal obstacle au « vivre ensemble Une vision ravivée par l'actualité ne perçoit les confrontations actuelles qu'en termes de choc des civilisations, synonyme de choc des religions.
Orthodoxes et gréco-catholiques roumains de Hongrie entre constructions et reconstructions identitaires: des églises fermées ou confisquées
Authors: Şişeştean Gheorghe
Published: April 2019

Le 13 juin 1919, le Conseil Suprême de l'Entente accepte la nouvelle frontière roumano-hongroise, précisée sur le terrain par une commission interalliée formée de spécialistes anglais, américains, français et italiens. Cette nouvelle ligne frontière entre la Roumanie et la Hongrie sera notifiée au gouvernement roumain le 12 octobre 1919. Elle a été tracée en appliquant le principe ethnique, principe qui a rendu possible l'apparition des nouveaux États de l'Europe centrale et orientale, après la chute de l'Empire austro-hongrois. Cependant, durant la longue période de domination impériale, sous laquelle vécurent des peuples entiers de cette partie de l'Europe, de puissants mélanges ethniques eurent lieu, qui rendirent très difficile la détermination des nouvelles frontières. Le principe de l'autodétermination dans un cadre ethnique a représenté le paradigme général, mais, sur le terrain, les choses ont été rendues extrêmement compliquées par l'existence de localités multi-ethniques ou d'enclaves ethniques. Le fait est caractéristique de la région située sur l'actuelle frontière entre la Roumanie et la Hongrie et explique que des communautés hongroises soient restées sur le territoire de la Roumanie, et des communautés roumaines sur celui de la Hongrie.
“NOT My Issue!!!”: Teaching the Interpersonal Conflict Course
Authors: Brule Nancy , Eckstein Jessica
Published: April 2019

Students who enroll in communication courses to improve their conflict management abilities should be provided with both an understanding of, and skills pertaining to, interpersonal conflict across diverse contexts. In this article, we offer pedagogical guidance for teaching the Interpersonal Conflict course. With an emphasis on building communication skills usable in a variety of real-life situations and settings, this article includes discussion of necessary foundational concepts and applied content areas, sample application assignments, and relevant considerations for those teaching the course.
Organizing the Organizational Communication Course: Content and Pedagogical Recommendations
Authors: Riforgiate Sarah , Gattoni Ali , Kirby Erika
Published: April 2019

Organizational communication extends beyond communication that takes place in an organizational context to the ways communication is used to organize and facilitate activity. This article is designed to enhance organizational communication pedagogy practices by highlighting foundational concepts and content areas that should be included in undergraduate organizational communication courses. Additionally, four active learning assignments, including case studies, applied organizational communication theory papers, organizational audits, and media assignments, are described to enhance student engagement with class material and to assess student learning. Finally, the article includes common issues to help educators anticipate concerns and plan effective classroom strategies.
Try It, You Might Like It: On Teaching Rhetorical Theory and Criticism
Authors: Sellnow Deanna
Published: April 2019

Students rarely question the relevance of most communication courses. For example, most students realize that courses focused on improving public speaking and interpersonal skills will benefit them personally and professionally after graduation. Convincing them that a rhetorical theory and criticism course is equally empowering can be a bit more challenging. This essay explores one approach for teaching rhetorical theory and criticism as uniquely relevant in the educational experience of communication students. By applying various rhetorical perspectives to artifacts that resonate with students’ actual lived experiences, students become empowered advocates for positive change.
Reflections on a Pedagogical Shift: A Public Speaking for Social Justice Model
Authors: Putman Angela
Published: April 2019

While the basic content of the public speaking course has changed little, the method and manner in which these skills are taught can, and should, reflect the dynamic socio-political contexts in which we live and teach. This reflection essay addresses a struggle to keep the public speaking course relevant, innovative, and practical while also incorporating necessary learning outcomes. As a potential solution, I introduce a Public Speaking for Social Justice Model for the introductory course. The model requires that students thoroughly examine a timely social justice issue; situate themselves and their classmates within the issue while featuring marginalized voices and narratives; seek a critical, well-researched understanding through sustained analysis and interrogation; and offer pragmatic solutions in order to affect change. The paper concludes with appraisals and limitations based on utilization of the model for four years.
THE CONCEPT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PERFORMANCE-BASED RESEARCH FUNDING TOOL
Authors: RUBEL O.E. , ZHIKHAREVA A.A.
Published: April 2019

Topicality. The implementation of the Performance-based research funding (PBRF) in EU Member States has been a priority for the development of research and innovation in last time. This financial mechanism refers to the type of competitive organizational and institutional allocation of research funding.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to develop the theoretical basis of Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF) assessment to increase the effectiveness of scientific research. Also the aim of the article to analyze the implementation of this mechanism in in Ukraine.Research results. Given the formation of Academic Freedom in the article, it will be clarified: the structure of the evaluation of the financing of research based on the results, the constellations of scientific activities, the category of research activities, and the hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of the national research evaluation systems (NRES). The taxonomy of the indicators of the efficiency of subsidiary activity in Ukraine, New Zealand, Sweden is considered.The following factors explain efficiency differences between science systems: The level of competition; Share of project funding; Performance based funding systems; National evaluation systems.The following activities are excluded from the definition of research except where they are used primarily for the support, or as part, of research and experimental development activities: preparation for teaching; the provision of advice or opinion, except where it is consistent with the PBRF’s Definition of research; scientific and technical information services; general purpose or routine data collection; standardisation and routine testing (but not including standards development); feasibility studies (except into research and experimental development projects); specialised routine medical care; the commercial, legal and administrative aspects of patenting, copyrighting or licensing activities.Conclusions. Theoretical basis of Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF) assessment to increase the effectiveness of scientific research in Ukraine is developed. The Performance-based research funding is governed by the following set of principles: comprehensiveness; respect for academic traditions; consistency; continuity; differentiation; credibility; efficiency; transparency; complementarity. The Methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in our opinion, can be supplemented by 3 elements: Moderation Panel. Comprehensive peer-review panel and PBRF audit.
Sredstva za zaštitu bilja 2019.
Authors: Lipovski Andrea
Published: April 2019

Sredstva za zaštitu bilja 2019. sadrži pregled sredstava za zaštitu bilja dozvoljenih za uporabu u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2019. godini. Sva sredstva koja se stavljaju u promet u Republici Hrvatskoj moraju biti registrirana pri nadležnoj upravi Ministarstva poljoprivrede. Informacije o sredstvima za zaštitu bilja mogu se pronaći i na web stranicama Ministarstva poljoprivrede (FIS Web Portal). Sredstva su podijeljena prema namjeni u najznačajnije skupine: herbicidi, fungicidi i zoocidi. Svaka skupina sadrži pregled sredstava prema aktivnim tvarima. O svakom sredstvu navedeni su slijedeći podaci: trgovački naziv, formulacija, količina djelatne tvari, proizvođač i distributer, te koncentracija ili doza za suzbijanje uz popis štetočina i kultura za koje sredstvo ima dozvolu za primjenu. Također, navedene su i karence za kulture u kojima je primjena dozvoljena. Zbog brojnih izmjena te dopuna rješenja i registracija, sredstva za zaštitu bilja se smiju koristiti isključivo prema uputama za uporabu koje se nalaze na ambalaži proizvoda. Svaka primjena sredstava za zaštitu bilja na bilo koji drugi način od navedenog u uputi za korištenje i na etiketi obavlja se isključivo na vlastitu odgovornost.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN MUTASI KARYAWAN PADA PT. SAKATO JAYA DENGAN METODE MULTI FAKTOR EVALUATION PROSES
Authors: Arman Arman , Efendy Zainul , Nelfira Nelfira , Sugiarto Edo
Published: April 2019

Proses pengambilan keputusan penyeleksian mutasi karyawan di PT. Bina Sakato Jaya Kiliran Jao saat ini masih dilakukan secara sederhana yaitu menggunakan Microsoft Office dalam penentuan karyawan yang dimutasi mempunyai faktor penilaian Disiplin, Prestasi kerja, dan Tanggung Jawab. Dalam pengambilan keputusan seleksi mutasi karyawan di instansi ini cukup lamban dan masih memakai aspek subjektif. Oleh Karena itu perlu dibuat sebuah aplikasi yang mampu menentukan seleksi mutasi karyawan yang optimal yang dapat membantu pimpinan instansi dalam mengambil keputusan yang lebih objektif. Untuk keputusan yang berpengaruh secara strategis, lebih dianjurkan menggunakan sebuah pendekatan kuantitatif seperti Multifactor Evaluation Process (MFEP). Dalam pengambilan keputusan dengan multifaktor, pengambilan keputusan secara subyektif dan intuitif dapat dihindarkan.
KUTADGU BİLİG’DE İYİ YÖNETİMİN ESASLARI
Authors: ASLAN Muhammed Miraç , BULUT Yakup
Published: April 2019

11. yüzyıl­da Karahanlı Uygur Türklerinden
Balasagunlu Yusuf Has Hacib tarafından Türkçe olarak kaleme alınmıştır.
Mutluluk veren bilgi anlamına gelen Kutadgu Bilig, edebiyat, siyaset, yönetim
gibi birçok alanda Türk dünyasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kutadgu Bilig
devlet yönetiminde adaletin ve hukukun önemine vurgu yapan siyasetname türünde
bir eserdir. Aynı zamanda Kutadgu Bilig'de, iyi bir yöneticinin sahip olması
gereken özelliklerin bir hükümdarın sahip olması gereken özelliklerden
hareketle sıralandığı, iyi bir yöneticinin yani bir hükümdar neler yapması
gerektiği konusunun etraflıca işlendiği bölümler içermektedir. Yusuf Has Hacib
tarafından Doğu Karahanlı Hükümdarı Tabgaç Buğra Han’a sunulmuş olan eserde
anlatılmak istenen sembolik kişiler üzerinden kurgulanarak bu kişilerin diyaloglarından
ve ifadelerinden hareketle aktarılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı iyi bir
yönetimde olması gereken esasların ve yöneticilerde bulunması gereken
vasıfların hükümdarlar üzerinden incelenmiştir. Ayrıca siyasetname niteliği
taşıyan Kutadgu Bilig’den hareketle “iyi yönetimin esasları” literatür taraması
esaslı teorik bir çalışma olarak ele alınacaktır.
Polyphenolic composition, antiradical and hepatoprotective activities of bilberry and blackberry pomace extracts
Authors: Čanadanović-Brunet Jasna , Tumbas Šaponjac Vesna , Stajčić Slađana , Ćetković Gordana , Čanadanović Vladimir , Ćebović Tatjana , Vulić Jelena
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

Considerable amounts of polyphenolic antioxidants remain in the press-cake during processing of berry fruits.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to investigate polyphenolic profile, antiradical and hepatoprotective activities of wild bilberry (WBI) and blackberry cv. Čačanska bestrna (CBL) and cv. Thornfree (TBL) pomace extracts.

METHODS:

Polyphenolic profiles of berry pomace extracts were determined by HPLC. in vitro antiradical activities were confirmed with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. In vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties were evaluated by following activities of several enzymes and the levels of glutathione-GSH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.

RESULTS:

Protocatechuic acid (3.36–35.18 mg g-1) and gallic acid (9.57–31.98 mg g-1) were the most dominant phenolic compounds in WBI, CBL and TBL. Strongest scavenging activity on O2•- (EC50O2 = 60.21 mmol TE g-1) and OH• (EC50OH = 3.00 mmol TE g-1) were found for WBI and CBL pomace extracts, respectively. The best result in neutralizing oxidative stress induced by CCl4, was observed for 2 mL of berry pomace extracts kg-1 b.w. Simultaneous application of 0.1-2 mL berry pomace extracts kg-1 b.w. and CCl4 returned GSHPx, CAT and GSH levels to physiological levels.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bilberry and blackberry pomace are a good source of bioactive compounds with potential application in supplements and functional food.
Cryoconcentration procedure for aqueous extracts of maqui fruits prepared by centrifugation and filtration from fruits harvested in different years from the same localities
Authors: Bastías-Montes José M. , Vidal-San Martín Carla , Muñoz-Fariña Ociel , Petzold-Maldonado Guillermo , Quevedo-León Roberto , Wang Hongxun , Yi Yang , Céspedes-Acuña Carlos L.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

At the present time, the food industry is increasingly interested in the development of formulations with maqui-berry extracts as a rich source of bioactive compounds. Maqui, native to Chile, is a relatively new food raw material that is often called a “superfruit”, The berries of this plant are rich in anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and tannins; compounds that play an important role as sources of bioactive compounds in the health of consumers. Cryoconcentration, a technology that preserves thermolabile bioactive compounds by combining techniques of freezing-centrifugation, makes it possible to obtain concentrates with a greater content of bioactive compounds than traditional methods of concentration. In this study, maqui fruits were pulped to obtain juice (J) and chaff. The chaff was subjected to aqueous extraction with distilled water in a ratio of 1 : 1 p/v to obtain maqui extract (E). Combined J and E were homogenized, and vacuum filtered to obtain the final extract (A), which was cryoconcentrated at – 30°C and then subjected to 3 continuous cycles of freezing-centrifugation and filtration.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Three continuous centrifugation-filtration cycles were used. The polyphenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as a standard. Anthocyanins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total anthocyanin content was determined by the pH differential method the anthocyaninds present were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTS:

After application of the cryoconcentration cycles assisted by centrifugation-filtration, the separation efficiency of solute was found to be maintained over 90%. The content of soluble solids significantly increased in the concentrated fractions and reached 54.2 °Brix at the end of the third cycle. Finally, the ratio of the concentration of total polyphenol and anthocyanin increased 2.8 and 6.7 times, with respect to the initial content in the maqui-berry extract.

CONCLUSIONS:

The maqui cryoconcentrate is a product with a large content of antioxidants and bioactive compounds commonly considered as functional characteristics. This concentration method also conserved the profile of anthocyanins present in maqui fruit extract. The efficient separation solutes and bioactive compounds achieved will permit scaling these process conditions to the industrial level.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the process parameters and polyphenol-anthocyanin content of cryoconcentrates obtained from maqui-berry ( Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz).
Immediate improvement of speech-in-noise perception through multisensory stimulation via an auditory to tactile sensory substitution
Authors: Cieśla Katarzyna , Wolak Tomasz , Lorens Artur , Heimler Benedetta , Skarżyński Henryk , Amedi Amir
Published: April 2019

Background:

Hearing loss is becoming a real social and health problem. Its prevalence in the elderly is an epidemic. The risk of developing hearing loss is also growing among younger people. If left untreated, hearing loss can perpetuate development of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. Despite recent advancements in hearing aid (HA) and cochlear implant (CI) technologies, hearing impaired users still encounter significant practical and social challenges, with or without aids. In particular, they all struggle with understanding speech in challenging acoustic environments, especially in presence of a competing speaker.

Objectives:

In the current proof-of-concept study we tested whether multisensory stimulation, pairing audition and a minimal-size touch device would improve intelligibility of speech in noise.

Methods:

To this aim we developed an audio-to-tactile sensory substitution device (SSD) transforming low-frequency speech signals into tactile vibrations delivered on two finger tips. Based on the inverse effectiveness law, i.e., multisensory enhancement is strongest when signal-to-noise ratio is lowest between senses, we embedded non-native language stimuli in speech-like noise and paired it with a low-frequency input conveyed through touch.

Results:

We found immediate and robust improvement in speech recognition (i.e. in the Signal-To-Noise-ratio) in the multisensory condition without any training, at a group level as well as in every participant. The reported improvement at the group-level of 6 dB was indeed major considering that an increase of 10 dB represents a doubling of the perceived loudness.

Conclusions:

These results are especially relevant when compared to previous SSD studies showing effects in behavior only after a demanding cognitive training. We discuss the implications of our results for development of SSDs and of specific rehabilitation programs for the hearing impaired either using or not using HAs or CIs. We also discuss the potential application of such a set-up for sense augmentation, such as when learning a new language.
AL HIJÂMAH SEBAGAI WASILAH DAKWAH
Authors: Mustika Dewi
Published: April 2019

The teaching of the heavens (Islam) has been earthed through the angel Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alayhi wa Salam. With the derivation of the Holy Qur'an as a source of guidance, guidance, and strength for Muslims throughout the world. Through the Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet, Islam has given a teaching to man towards a healthy life both inward and inward. Not a few hadiths of Rasulullah SAW that contain medical values ​​that we need to emulate today in the field of Islamic medicine. Among the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa Salam commanded the ummah to berbekam. The research method that the writer uses is analytical descriptive method, with library research, in this research only described some concept of Rasulullah implicit in books of hadith that peel health problem, the work of scholars and medical experts. Then the author of the analysis by synergizing the methods and concepts of modern medicine today. Hope the Muslims can return to the treatment given by the Apostle which is loaded with the values ​​of da'awi namely the Divine based medicine, ilmiyah and alamyah in this century. This research is still in the form of a global depiction, so it still requires in-depth and detailed assessment in its subtans. So that later could really become enlightenment for the Muslims in living this life.
Peranan Komunikasi Antar Personal Mahasiswa Kost Terhadap Nilai - Nilai Kemasyarakat
Authors: Aiylandi Aliyandi
Published: April 2019

The desire of mankind to live full of serenity and peace will never be realized if acts of terror, greed, injustice, and whatever form that represents a sanity still remain grounded. History has noted that acts of terrorism and violence, not a problem solving, but make complicated and increasing a problem. Terrorism is a form of extraordinary crime (extra ordinary crime).

In an effort to prevent the understanding of terrorism that becomes the enemy of the state and also the religious community, the government or the security side must also coordinate with the scholars, da'i and community figures in order that the society and the country are getting away from munkar. The government and society should not allow rampant injustice and socio-economic imbalance.

Therefore, according to Nur Syam really needed is the integration between hard power and soft power to overcome this religious radicalism. The hard power represented by government is essentially to cope instantaneously or to cope quickly with the radical movement. But far more important is the role of soft power or community - including APDI (Association of Indonesian Dakwah Profession) - to carry out guidance and community development that puts Islamrahmatan lil alamin forward.
ORGANISASI DAKWAAH SUFISME
Authors: Romli Romli
Published: April 2019

The Sufism / tasawuf movement is one of the cultures of religion, especially for Muslims who are Muslims. Sufism / tasawuf originates from the Qur'an and the Prophet Muhammad's Hadith, is also influenced by elements from outside Islam. At first Sufism / tasawuf did not stand alone, but there was philosophy and science. However, with the development of discipline, the three disciplines above are broken down and stand alone.

The birth of the Sufism / tasawuf group begins with an attitude that prioritizes spiritual life and leaves the pattern and materilistic lifestyle. From small groups who often talk about tithing, torture, studying the Qur'an until doing dhikr. Keistiqomahan in the ambition of building strong sense of brotherhood among the Sufi. Soon the Sufi group became popular and started to be interested in society. From here it begins to evolve that initially the sufism / tasawuf group is a small group, then becomes a large group or organization. The spread of the sufism / tasawuf group was performed by the students who had deepened the Sufism and reached high levels. The propagation or preaching of Sufi / tasawuf is then called Tarikat.

Tarikat is the way or guidance in performing a ritual according to the teachings specified or exemplified by the Prophet and performed by Sahabat, Taba'in taba'it, from generation to generation to teachers, continuing connect, ratai chain. In Indonesia there are various types of Tarikat, such as Qadariyah originated from Baghdad, Naqsabandiyah from Tukistan, Syatariyah from Mecca and others.
Dakwah dan Politik
Authors: Zumaroh Zumaroh Zumaroh
Published: April 2019

Da'wah is the source of the existence of the Islamic religion. Islam requires every muslim to perform Da'wah, i.e. persuade to the kindness and prevent harm. Dawah would be effective if done in the right way. Dawah told to kindess and prevent harm the absence of both them have the distinguish consequence. Prevent evil Da'wah is full of risks and challenges. Therefore, preventing harm is not enough with advice but must be done with power or politics.
EFICÁCIA DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E TRABALHO DIGNO NAS FEIRAS MÓVEIS
Authors: Nascimento do Horizonte Brasileiro Catarina Thayanne , Cavalcante Lara Capelo
Published: April 2019

As feiras móveis apresentam-se como um dos exemplos do comércio de rua característico dos espaços urbanos brasileiros, representando uma alternativa de consumo, trabalho e renda para muitos indivíduos. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo extensionista é multidisciplinar, consubstanciado em atividade jurídica, contábil e antropológica acerca da eficácia dos direitos fundamentais, como prerrogativas para maior inclusão e justiça social dos trabalhadores. Objetiva-se compreender a visão dos feirantes em relação à aplicabilidade prática dos direitos fundamentais e do fenômeno da informalidade na feira móvel dos bairros Cidade 2000 e Praia do Futuro em Fortaleza, trançando-se um paralelo entre tais direitos e a realidade em campo. Utiliza-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os direitos fundamentais relacionados ao trabalho e a investigação etnográfica da feira em estudo. Permitiu-se uma análise da eficácia ou não dos direitos fundamentais ligados ao trabalho praticado nesse lócus urbano. Conclui-se que, em geral, não há otimismo sobre a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais, pois, segundo os feirantes, o Estado não aplica políticas públicas que favoreçam o trabalho digno nesse espaço laboral. Procurou-se, esclarecê-los sobre seus direitos e as possibilidades de reivindicá-los, além de aproximar a sociedade da realidade trabalhista das feiras, revelando-as como oportunidade de trabalho e desenvolvimento econômico.
MORTE E REAL EM SETE MINUTOS DEPOIS DA MEIA-NOITE
Authors: Souza Filipe Ramalheiro Venâncio de , Gomes Priscilla Hadassa Rabelo , Pereira Caciana Linhares
Published: April 2019

O artigo aborda a relação entre morte e real a partir do filme “Sete minutos depois da meia-noite”, dirigido pelo cineasta J. A. Bayona e exibido no “Cine Freud, Cultura e Arte”. Uma das propostas do projeto é recolher elementos dos debates e aprofundá-los através de pesquisa bibliográfica, circunscrevendo e investigando campos temáticos importantes no âmbito da psicanálise e da cultura. Partindo da proposição freudiana de que o homem busca de todas as maneiras uma forma de lidar com a morte, uma vez que a mesma não tem inscrição no inconsciente, o artigo apresenta formulações que aproximam a morte do registro do Real. A análise permitiu estabelecer uma relação entre a estrutura do filme e a experiência analítica a partir do recorte das noções de transferência, verdade e realidade psíquica.
KAJIAN EKSPERIMEN DAN PEMODELAN PENGERING DAUN WASABI DALAM PENGERING RAK DENGAN PEMANAS GAS
Authors: Iswadi Didik
Published: April 2019

Penelitian yang dilakukan ini tentang pemodelan dan eksperimen dengan pengering rak menggunakan pemanas gas memakai produk daun wasabi. Tujuan yang diambil yaitu  memperoleh data pengeringan waktu dan suhu. Membuktikan perubahan laju pengeringan terhadap pengaruh waktu dan suhu  pengeringan. Mempelajari model lapisan tipis untuk mendapatkan pemodelan kurva pengeringan. Metode penelitian faktor pertama melakukan pengeringan selama 7,5 jam dan faktor kedua menggunakan suhu 60, 80, 100, 120oC. Variabel meliputi kandungan kadar air % (kg/g). Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai efisiensi energi = meningkat dari 30,9%-35,9%,  konsumsi energi = dari 9,07 x103–1,91 x 105 kj/kg, moisture content= dari  2,2 –85,28%, moisture ratio = dari 0,02– 0,98, diffusifitas efektif =  dari 2,49 x 10-6-4,11 x 10-6 m2s-1, energi aktivasi = 8,53 kj mol-1. Model Newton suhu 80oC adalah model yang terbaik karena model tersebut memperlihatkan hasil nilai yang sesuai dengan nilai observasi yang tidak terlalu jauh. Pada suhu 80oC memberikan nilai X2 dan RMSE = 0,0230-1,1267, R2 = 0,975.
MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM MENULIS ILMIAH
Authors: Wijayanti Sri Hapsari
Published: April 2019

Salah satu bentuk pengembangan profesionalisme guru adalah guru memiliki kemampuan untuk menulis karya ilmiah, khususnya karya ilmiah hasil penelitian tindakan kelas. Guru di SDN Kedokan, SDN Cibogo, dan SDN Mekar Wangi di Kecamatan Cisauk, Tangerang, Jawa Barat, mengalami hambatan dalam melakukan penulisan hasil tindakan kelas karena kurang memahami menulis karya ilmiah. Tambahan lagi, mereka tidak bersemangat mengurus kenaikan golongan karena sulit dan banyaknya prosedur yang harus dipenuhi. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pelatihan penulisan karya ilmiah kepada guru-guru SDN di Kecamatan Cisauk. Kegiatan ini diawali dengan prates untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh pengetahuan guru mengenai menulis karya ilmiah. Pelatihan disampaikan dengan tutorial, diskusi, bedah contoh, dan praktik. Pelatihan dilakukan selama satu hari selama enam jam. Setelah kegiatan, peserta diberikan postes. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa guru mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan pada kategori sedang.
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI USAHA BATIK TULIS
Authors: Dewi Mutia , Nurohman Amin , Rahayu Ninik Sri
Published: April 2019

Pada tahun 2016, penulis berhasil memperoleh dan menjalankan hibah dikti melalui skema IbM(Ipteks bagi Masyarakat) tersebut. Dikarenakan salah satu syarat khalayak sasaran program iniadalah kelompok, maka program IbM dilakukan pada Kelompok perempuan perajin batik tulisCanting Merapi dan Serat Merapi yang berdiri tahun 2013, melalui program PeningkatanKecakapan Hidup (PKH) Berorientasi Pemberdayaan Perempuan yang diselenggarkan oleh PusatStudi Gender Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) berkerjasama dengan Direktorat Penelitian danPengabdian Masyarakat (DPPM)Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemendikbud). Alasanpemilihan kelompok tersebut adalah untuk keberlanjutan dan juga karena kelompok tersebut sangatpotensial untuk berkembang sebab memiliki corak motif yang khas dengan mengangkat gambaranflora dan fauna yang hanya tumbuh di lereng merapi. Selain itu batik yang dihasilkan juga ramahlingkungan (environmental friendly) karena tidak menggunakan pewarna sintetis tetapimenggunakan pewarna alam.Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini akan menceritakan pengalaman dalam menjalankan programpemberdayaan perempuan yang telah dilakukan baik metode maupun aspek masalah prioritas yangakan diselesaikan. Adapun metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan pemberdayaanmasyarakat (Participatory rural appraisal). Sedangkan dua masalah prioritas yang akandiselesaikan adalah pada aspek produksi dan manajemen. Aspek produksi berkaitan dengan bahanbaku, desain motif, dan peralatan produksi. Aspek manajemen berkaitan dengan modal usaha,pengelolaan keuangan, penjualan, pemasaran dan keterampilan SDM.