bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the question of microsatellite associations of cultivated soybean of the Amur Oblast with agricultural traits
Authors: Bondarenko O. N. , Timkin P. D. , Ivachenko L. E. , Blinova A. A. , Penzin A. A.
Published: October 2023

This prospecting study evaluated the correlation strength between the length of microsatellite loci and valuable agricultural traits. For labeling the genetic systems of soybean varieties, DNA was isolated using a ready-made kit followed by subjecting the manufactured reaction mixture to standard PCR. In total, 15 primer pairs were used to analyze 18 varieties of the All-Russian Soybean Research Institute selection. Eight samples (Satt1, Satt2, Satt5, Satt9, Soyhsp176, Satt681, Satt141 and Satt181) were the most specific and fully suitable for the identification and certification of available soybean genotypes; however, sample Sat_263 was only partially applicable. The possible influence of loci on agricultural traits was determined by searching for associations of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the NCBI and soybase databases. To identify the statistical relationship between different attributes and loci lengths, a correlation analysis was performed by calculating Pearson’s coefficient. This analysis revealed a direct relationship between the length of Satt5, Sat_263 and Satt181 loci and plant height, with an inverse relationship being observed in the case of Satt2. The mean value of the correlation coefficient (r) comprised 0.485, 0.55, 0.435 and -0.422, respectively. Samples Satt1(r = 0.561) and Satt2 (r = 0.562) indicate a direct correlation between their length and plant seed weight, while an inverse correlation was established in the case of Satt9 (r= -0.453) and Satt681 (r= -0.527). A weak inverse correlation was found with the trait of potential yield with Satt2 (r = -0.321). This indicates the ability of microsatellites to act as a marker of a particular trait.
Increased Arabidopsis thaliana cell culture resistance to sodium fluoride by constitutive expression of HSP101
Authors: Gorbyleva E. L. , Safonova M. A. , Stepanov A. V. , Rikhvanov E. G.
Published: October 2023

Fluorine is one of the toxic elemental components of industrial emissions. Increased fluoride content in the atmosphere, soil or water negatively affects the growth and development of plants, as well as reducing resistance to various environmental stressors. An increase in ambient temperature causes a protective response in all organisms taking the form heat shock protein synthesis. The specific protein HSP101, which performs the function of protecting plant cells from heat damage, is also responsible for inducible thermotolerance, representing the ability of organisms to withstand the effects of severe heat shock that were previously exposed to mild heat stress, as a result of which heat shock proteins are induced. Heat shock proteins are involved in protecting not only against elevated temperatures, but also various other stress factors. In this work, the effect of sodium fluoride treatment on the viability of Arabidopsis thaliana cell culture, expression and synthesis of heat shock proteins was studied along with the role of heat shock protein HSP101 in providing resistance to fluoride. Sodium fluoride has been shown to significantly reduce the viability of A. thaliana cells by suppressing the activation of HSP101 gene expression with an increase in temperature. At the same time, the A. thaliana line, which has constitutive expression of the HSP101 gene, proved to be more resistant to the toxic effects of sodium fluoride.
Study of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in somaclonal potato variants for use in selection for resistance to the PVS virus
Authors: Kirgizova I. V. , Kalashnikova E. A. , Gadzhimyradova A. M. , Silaev D. V. , Turpanova R. M. , Zhangazin S. B.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of a study into the activity of the antioxidant system of potatoes in response to infection with the PVS virus. The PVS virus is widespread in the Omsk region. The work set out to study the activity of antioxidant enzymes in somaclonal potato variants when infected with PVS virus to obtain valuable varietal characteristics for use in breeding selection. Potato varieties Yermak, Alena and the Khozyayushka were selected from the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Centre breeding lines as objects of research. Differences in resistance to viral infection in varieties of different susceptibility and obtained somaclones were studied using the example of changes in the activity of the isoenzyme composition of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that somaclone EC1, which was derived from the susceptible Yermak variety, had two additional isoenzymes upon infection and an increase in isoperoxidase activity compared to the control. Although the number of isoperoxidases did not increase in the samples obtained from the stable HC94 and the moderately susceptible AC91 variety, an increase in their activity was noted. Activation occurs in infected plants of the additional 3rd isoforms of catalase compared to the control – 1 isoform, while the 4th isoform of catalase was detected in the EC1 somaclonal sample. When studying the superoxide dismutase spectra, the control group showed the activity of Mp-SOD and Fe-SOD, while two forms of the enzyme were identified in the HC94, AC91 and EC1 somaclonal samples: Feand Cu/Zn-SOD. These forms play a significant role in the neutralisation of the superoxide radical.
Preparation of mcl-polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticles stabilized by the Tween 80 nonionic surfactant
Authors: Zubkov I. N. , Vysochinskaya V. V. , Kashina A. V. , Shishlyannikov S. M.
Published: October 2023

Nanoparticles based on biodegradable polymers find numerous applications in medicine as substances for intracellular drug delivery. Biosynthetically produced poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (P3HAs) are among the most promising polymers of a lipid nature. In particular, polyhydroxybutyrate and polyhydroxyvalerate (scl-poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates) are widely used compounds, which are soluble only in organochlorine solvents. The use of organochlorine solvents faces several obstacles, since such chemicals may exhibit carcinogenic effects on the human body. However, the P3Has compounds consisting of hydroxybutyric acid residues with 6–14 carbon atoms in the main chain (mcl-poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates) are soluble not only in CHCl3 or CH2Cl2 but also in paraffins. These hydrocarbons, such as n-hexane, can be easily separated from aqueous solutions and are not known to exhibit high cytotoxicity. Consequently, the application of mcl-poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates can prevent the contamination of prepared dosage forms with organochlorine compounds. To this end, a methodology for the synthesis of mcl-P3HA nanoparticles stabilized with the Tween 80 nonionic surfactant was proposed. The ratio between the concentration of P3HA and the detergent was optimized. The present study revealed that the obtained particles have an average size of 200±90 nm and a zeta potential of -17±5 mV. Upon investigating the stability of the particle solution at 4 °C, it was found that the nanoparticles did not alter their size and zeta potential for 90 days. The fluorescence microscopy method showed that they could be delivered into BHK-21 cells within 2 h. In addition, the nanoparticles synthesized had no toxic effect on BHK-21 cells at a concentration of up to 200 μg/mL.
Effective Communication Skills Starts with #hellomynameis
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Idris Faridah , Adam Siti Khadijah ,   Medical Education Research and Innovation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Hod Rafidah ,   Medical Education Research and Innovation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2023

Effective communication is a fundamental element in a good doctor and health care professional (HCP) relationship as good communication skills among HCPs have been demonstrated to increase patient compliance and safety. The aspect of self-introduction and greeting during communication with patients and caregivers may be taken lightly by some doctors and HCPs, which can negatively impact the building of therapeutic relationships in any clinical interaction. This article briefly addresses and re-emphasises the importance of self-introduction for doctors and HCPs during their communication with patients, with the highlight on the #hellomynameis campaign and ways to practice it during the pandemic.
Competence Behaviour Cultivation Among Physiotherapy Graduates with Programmatic Clinical Portfolio: A Behavioural Change Intervention
Authors:   Centre of Education, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Veasuvalingam Bhavani , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit ,   Physiotherapy Program, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univerisiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2023

Creating a competent healthcare workforce that can meet the demands of the 21st century’s globalised healthcare system is a top priority. The purpose of this study was to understand how competency behaviours of final-year physical therapy students are promoted through an evidence-based Programmatic Clinical Portfolio (Pro-CP). If Pro-CP can develop competency behaviours, this study further explores the factors contributing to the development of competency behaviours. The Pro-CP instrument was developed based on contemporary principles of the programmatic assessment model, which provides a valid measure of workplace competence. A phenomenological study design was used to capture the experiences of final-year physical therapy graduates. The sample (n = 32) was drawn from both public and private settings during a four-week clinical internship. Data from the focus group discussions (FGDs) were coded deductively using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to assist in answering the research questions. Five themes emerged from the thematic analysis, namely, (a) Increased behaviours towards Pro-CP; (b) Decreasing subjective norms towards Pro-CP; (c) Increased self-efficacy towards Pro-CP; (d) Increased learning autonomy towards Pro-CP; (e) Need for institutional support. This qualitative study highlights the key elements of behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, and perceived behavioural control concerning self-efficacy to understand the cultivation of competence behaviours. Consideration of programmatic assessment principles in the design of the competence assessment instrument holds promise for providing a valid value that genuinely defines the competency behaviours of physical therapy graduates. This study adds new thinking to competence assessment instrument in physical therapy.
Validity and Reliability of the Short Grit Scale Among Medical Students in a Public University in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors:   Jelebu Health Clinic, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Ibrahim Nurfauzani , Baharudin Noorhida ,   Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamad Mariam ,   Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdul-Razak Suraya ,   Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamed-Yassin Mohamed-Syarif ,   Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2023

Grit is defined as passion and perseverance for long-term goals and is associated with positive educational and psychological outcomes. The 8-item Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), a tool to measure grit, has yet to be validated among Malaysian medical students. This study aimed to validate the Grit-S among this population. This cross-sectional questionnaire validation study included 200 medical students from a public university in Malaysia. The Grit-S consists of eight items framed within two domains: consistency of interest (COI) and perseverance of effort (POE). Content, face and construct validity were assessed. The content and face validity were determined using the item-content validity index (I-CVI) and item-face validity index (I-FVI). The exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring with varimax rotation was used to assess the construct validity. The reliability was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Both I-CVI and I-FVI were 1. Following factor analysis, item 2 from the POE domain was dropped due to poor factor loading of < 0.3. The final pattern matrix produced a 7-item Grit-S, framed within two domains. The COI domain contains four items (1, 3, 5 and 6) with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73. The POE domain contains three items (4,7 and 8) with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for the 7-item Grit-S was 0.73. The test-retest intraclass correlation for all items ranged from 0.62 (95% CI: 0.29–0.80) to 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62–0.90). The findings demonstrated that the adapted 7-item Grit-S has two constructs similar to the original Grit-S. Grit-S is a valid and reliable tool to measure grit among medical students in Malaysia.
One-form symmetries in $\mathcal{N} = 3$ S-folds
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Morgante Davide , Pasternak Antoine , Rota Simone , Tatitscheff Valdo
Published: October 2023

We classify the global one-form symmetries for non-Lagrangian \mathcal{N}=3𝒩=3 SCFTs that arise by the action of SS-fold projections on D3-branes. Such a classification is dictated, on a generic point of the Coulomb branch, by probing the charge spectrum of (p, q)(p,q)-strings in the brane setup. The charge lattice of lines is then obtained by finding the ones that are genuine modulo screening by dynamical particles. The one-form symmetries are then extracted from the maximal sub-lattices of mutually local lines. We further comment on the existence of non-invertible symmetries for some of these \mathcal{N}=3𝒩=3 SCFTs.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of crude extracts from Pachira aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds
Authors: Rahal Isabelle Luiz , Oliveira Herika Line Marko de , Bortolucci Wanessa de Campos , Dias Angelica Barbosa , Silva Gabriela Catuzo Canonico , Inumaro Rodrigo Sadao , Nunes Maria Graciela Iecher Faria , Herrig Suelen Pereira Ruiz , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Cristiani Zilda
Published: October 2023

Pachira aquatica, an arboreal species belonging to the family Malvaceae, is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. Its leaves are used in folk medicine for treating skin rashes and urticaria; its fruit peels find application in the treatment of diarrhea, diabetes, and anemia; and its lipid-rich seeds are used as human and animal food. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and assess the antioxidant potential of crude extracts from P. aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds. The plant material was collected and then dried at room temperature. The crude extracts were prepared by dynamic maceration with solvent depletion. Chemical analysis was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation, and total phenolic content assays. Eleven flavonoids, four phenolic acids, two organic acids and four coumarins were identified in extracts. Crude extracts from leaves, flowers and seeds had total phenolic contents of 28.74; 75.68; and 14.88 g GAE/mg; half‐maximal effective concentrations for DPPH• scavenging activity of 8.02; 0.69; and 4.01 mg/mL; FRAP activities of 0.038; 0.274; and 0.042 µM ferrous sulfate/mg; and the ability to reduce β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation by 42.13%; 64.85%; and 30.37%; respectively. The utilization of antioxidant compounds found in P. aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds in industrial applications is a promising strategy to add value to this plant
Organic cultivation of mint under different amounts of hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and harvesting times
Authors: Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Almeida Alany Moisa Bezerra de , Maracajá Patricio Borges , Alves Lunara de Sousa , Medeiros Aline Carla de , Assis Janilson Pinheiro de , Sousa Roberto Pequeno de , Pereira Joaquim Odilon , Silva Maiele Leandro da , Alves Natalia Fernandes de Oliveira , Souza Maria Elisa da Costa , Junior Domingos Severino de Souza , Dias Thiago Jardelino , Amâncio Antônia Vilma de Andrade Ferreira , Cardoso Eudes de Almeida
Published: October 2023

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of organic cultivation of mint under different amounts of hairy woodrose and harvesting times. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with the treatments arranged in 4 x 3 factorial scheme with three replicates. The first factor consisted of four amounts of hairy woodrose (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg m-2 of dry beds) and the second factor, corresponded to three harvest bunches (30; 60 and 90 days after transplanting). The cultivar "Mentha piperita" was used as mint crop. The evaluated characteristics were the following: biomass height, biomass production, number of sauces, dry mass, oil content and yield. There was interaction between the factors-treatments for yield, number of bunches and oil content. The best productive performance of the mint was obtained in the amount of 1.0 kg/m2 of hairy woodrose incorporated into the soil at 60 days after mint transplanting (AMT). Hairy woodrose proved to be efficient as a green manuring in the mint crop.
Microbial indicators of soil quality and soybean yield in agricultural production system using cover crops under no-tillage
Authors: Sousa Daiane Conceição de , Rosa Jaqueline Dalla , Medeiros João Carlos , Boechat Cácio Luiz , Nóbrega Rafaela Simão Abrahão , Souza Henrique Antunes de , Sagrilo Edvaldo
Published: October 2023

Cover crops improve the physical, chemical and biological quality of the soil and boost crop yield. However, the magnitude of the effects on the microbial activity in tropical soils of Cerrado is still little explored. This study aimed to evaluate the soil microbial attributes and soybean yield after cultivation of cover crops in a sandy clay loam oxisol under no-tillage system, in a region with weather dominated by a bimodal rainfall pattern (Aw type). The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, using a split-plot scheme, with different cover crops in the plots and different soil sampling times in the subplots. The cover crops treatments consisted of the previous cultivation of Crotalaria spectabilis (C. spectabilis), Crotalaria ochroleuca (C. ochroleuca), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea); Urochloa ruziziensis (brachiaria) and Pennisetum glaucum (millet) as monocrop and the intercropping of millet + C. spectabilis and millet + C. ochroleuca. Soil samplings for microbial and chemical attributes evaluations were performed before soybean sowing and after soybean harvest, which occurred at 12 and 18 months after sowing the cover crops. Dry mass (DM) productions of cover crops at full vegetative development stage and soybean yield were also estimated. All the cover crops used in the present study, except the millet + C. spectabilis intercrop produced more than 6 Mg ha-1, with is considered the minimum amount of dry mass indicated as adequate for conservation systems under tropical conditions. Soil cultivated with brachiaria and millet showed higher microbial biomass at 18 months than at 12 months. Similarly, soil cultivated with C. ochroleuca, brachiaria, pigeon pea, millet + C. ochroleuca and millet + C. spectabilis showed higher microbial N at 18 months than at 12 months. Eighteen months after sowing of cover crops, millet maintained the highest soil microbial biomass (161.24 µg C g soil-1) and the millet + C. spectabilis intercrop exhibited the highest soil microbial N contents (30.02 µg N g soil-1) across treatments. Crotalaria ochroleuca, brachiaria, millet + C. ochroleuca and monoculture millet increased soybean yield cultivated in succession, after one single cycle of crop rotation
Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome in elective percutaneous coronary intervention: what did the subanalysis of the AUGUSTUS trial add to our understanding?
Authors: Panchenko E. P.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the results of the subanalysis published after release of the AUGUSTUS trial. The most important conclusion of the parent trial is the evidence that weekly aspirin therapy is sufficient to prevent thrombotic complications in the majority of patients with AF and ACS, as well as those undergoing elective PCI, and that aspirin therapy can be extended up to 1 month after PCI only in a part of patients with additional risk factors for ischemic events and a low risk of bleeding. Four years have passed since the publication of the AUGUSTUS trial results, and all subsequent subanalyses of the trial confirmed its results. The safety and efficacy advantages of apixaban over warfarin were shown to be independent of renal function and consistent with the overall trial results. The advantages of apixaban and the association of aspirin with bleeding were similar in both stroke and non-stroke patients with AF and were dose-independent when a dose was reduced to 2.5 mg twice in accordance with the reduction criteria. The advantages of apixaban over warfarin lasted regardless of time spent in the therapeutic range in the warfarin group. The advantages of apixaban over warfarin and the association of long-term intake of aspirin with bleeding rates persisted in patients with high and low baseline risk of bleeding and stroke. All subanalyses of the AUGUSTUS trial confirmed the efficacy and safety of apixaban, as well as the option to discontinue aspirin at the outpatient stage in the majority of patients with AF, who underwent elective PCI or ACS.
St Petersburg school of linear groups. I. Prehistorical period
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vavilov Nikolai А.
Published: October 2023

The present survey describes the contribution of St Petersburg mathematicians to the theory of linear, classical and algebraic groups. The first part is dedicated to the prehistorical period, the historical genesis of Tartakowski and Faddeev algebra schools, and to the general outline of the works by Borewicz and Suslin of the mid-1970s that initiated systematical research in the fields of classical groups and algebraic K-theory in St Petersburg.
MDM method for solving the general quadratic problem of mathematical diagnostics
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Malozemov Vassili N. , Solovyeva Natalya A. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: October 2023

The term mathematical diagnostics was introduced by V. F. Demyanov in the early 2000s. The simplest problem of mathematical diagnostics is to determine the relative position of a certain point p and the convex hull C of a finite number of given points in n-dimensional Euclidean space. Of interest is the answer to the following questions: does the point p belong to the set C or not? If p does not belong to C, then what is the distance from p to C? In general problem of mathematical diagnostics two convex hulls are considered. The question is whether they have common points. If there are no common points, then it is required to find the distance between these hulls. From an algorithmic point of view, the problems of mathematical diagnostics are reduced to special problems of linear or quadratic programming, for the solution of which there are finite methods. However, when implementing this approach in the case of large data arrays, serious computational difficulties arise. Infinite but easily implemented methods come to the rescue, which allow obtaining an approximate solution with the required accuracy in a finite number of iterations. These methods include the MDM method. It was developed by Mitchell, Demyanov and Malozemov in 1971 for other purposes, but later found application in machine learning. From a modern point of view, the original version of the MDM method can be used to solve the simplest problems of mathematical diagnostics. This article gives a natural generalization of the MDM-method, oriented towards solving general problems of mathematical diagnostics. The equivalence of the general problem of mathematical diagnostics and the problem of linear separation of two finite sets with the largest width of the margin is established.
Traditions of classical literature in the film “Brother” by Alexei Balabanov
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Baranov Dmitry K.
Published: October 2023

Alexei Balabanov’s film “Brother” is an integral part of modern Russian culture. An analysis of the audience’s reception of the film suggests that “Brother” is not just a mass action movie. A close look reveals that Balabanov’s film combines elements of pop-culture product and intellectual cinema. The article for the first time offers a holistic analysis of the film “Brother”. Balabanov uses a complex system of repetitions at the level of a phrase, visual image, situation. This allows the author to build a complicated system of motifs that are associated with some literary traditions of classical literature. We are talking primarily about the tradition of the Petersburg text and about a complex of themes and plots that go back to romanticism. The angle from which one should look at the film is indicated by the introduction of an important character named Hoffmann, who warns the protagonist that the city is a terrible force. Motive analysis and intertextual analysis leads to the following conclusions. The plot of “Brother” can be read as a story about a young man Danila, who betrays his ideal (love of music), unable to withstand the temptation of money and power, and pays for this: he turns into his evil doppelganger — his brother Victor. The plot, seemingly tied to a specific socio-historical reality, turns into a potentially eternal plot about a confused romantic hero who changes his ideals after falling into the mythologized space of St Petersburg that fools him.
Inference pragmatics of the interjection hm in stress interaction (based on the medical consultations of an oncologist and a cancer patient)
Authors:   First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Osipenko Tatiana A.
Published: October 2023

The article is dedicated to the study of verbal communication of a physician and a patient as part of institutional medical discourse. The analysis was conducted based on the material of 12 transcripts of the dialogues in German language between oncologists and female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Utterances of patients with a vocal gesture expressed by the interjection hm are the subject of this study. The purpose of the article is to determine the communicative functions in the intentional structure of the analyzed dialogues, taking the situational, social and cultural context into account, as well as the correlation with the physician’s remarks, and syntactic position hm in the utterance. The article presents quantitative analysis, analyses their lexical composition, determines intentional and semantic relationship of the generation of the sound signal hm and the physician’s remarks. Two main types of utterances were distinguished: hm as a separate utterance step, as well as hm as part of the phrase including other interjections and content words (in the initial and/or the final and interposition part of the utterance). Context-specific functions were identified for this type of utterances: 1) emotive; 2) establishing and maintaining contact; 3) pause filling; 4) signal; 5) listener activation; 6) imperative; 7) (de)intensification. Recognition of implicit, contextspecific intention of hm-containing utterances facilitates the establishment of emotional and intellectual contact with the patient, and helps the physician to prepare the dialogue partner for the conscious participation in the decision-making process regarding medical treatment.
German vaccine discourse: Changes over time and polarization
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yudina Тatiana V. , Fedorovskaya Victoria O. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Published: October 2023

The paper discusses a segment of modern social and political German communication which can be defined as vaccine discourse. The study considers discourse to be a complex linguistic unit of an overtext level, which includes texts, utterances, and various communication forms that are encompassed by a knowledge system and correspond to a certain social context. In creating the context of a speech act, all its participants are involved. Special role is also devoted not only to the interaction of utterances but also to the social context they are used in. Combined, these factors create a multidimensional discourse space. Discourse, being the result of chains of utterances united by the topic, constitutes the surrounding reality. We studied the formation of the reality with the means of discourse on the materials of the vaccine discourse, with its development being based on different opinions. We analyzed linguistic features of the German vaccine discourse using discussions and debates in the Bundestag, which took place in spring 2022. We detected major features of the vaccine discourse: polarization, diversity, and incompleteness. The examples prove argumentation to be central in forming the discourse, as it is used by the individuals when seeking the truth. We defined the most important argument strategies and characterized linguistic means responsible for the emotionally polarizing part of the discourse. We detected the relationship of different discourse levels having analyzed discourse contextualization. Moreover, we demonstrated how the microlevel of discourse, which is associated with vaccination, creates impulses for its development to the macrolevel reflecting German democratic challenges.
The first, private and unknown small anatomical Ruijsch collection of Peter the Great
Authors:   Leiden University Medical Centre, Hendriks Inge , Goryacheva Inga ,   Military Medical Academy named S. M. Kirov, Tvardovskaya Marina ,   Military Medical Academy named S. M. Kirov, Zhuravlev Dmitrii ,   Military Medical Museum, Boer Fredrik ,   Leiden University Medical Centre, Hogendoorn Pancras C. W. ,   Leiden University Medical Centre, Gaivoronsky Ivan ,   Military Medical Academy named S. M. Kirov
Published: October 2023

The anatomical collection of Frederik Ruijsch (1638–1731) concerning injected dry and wet preparations attracted the attention and interest of several generations of scientists and other admirers, including Tsar Peter the Great of Russia (1672–1725). Even today, this interest has not weakened since its manufacture more than three hundred years ago. The main collection of the famous Dutchman was purchased by Tsar Peter the Great in 1717 for his Kunstkamera, now Peter the Great’s Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in Saint Petersburg. In books and articles, first written by A. I. Tarenetsky, later by M. A. Tikotin, and again by V. V. Ginzburg was pointed out that several dozens of preparations of Frederik Ruijsch are located in the anatomical museum of the Military Medical Academy named S. M. Kirov in St. Petersburg. This collection is called “the small collection” and was acquired by Peter the Great in 1697–1698 as a private collection. This collection was intended for educational purposes and is nowadays almost unknown in, and outside the scientific world. We set ourselves the task to study the history of the acquisition of this small collection, to find out its journey to the end destination by researching early published or unpublished sources. The small collection paved the way for other botanical, zoological, and anatomical collections and has significant historical importance.
Why Do We Need the Ethics of History?
Authors:   Social Ministry of the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg, Buller Andreas , Linchenko Andrei A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation,   Lipetsk State Technical University
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze the intellectual prerequisites for the formation of the discourse of the ethics of history in the modern philosophy of history and the ethics of science. An analysis of the transformation of the ethics of responsibility, the value attitude to the past in philosophy and the theory of history, as well as the axiological component of historical didactics in the 20th century testifies to the growth of theoretical interest in ethical reflection on past events. It is substantiated that the further development of the ethics of history as an independent discipline requires a unified conceptual approach in understanding its subject, theoretical and methodological foundations, and basic values. It is concluded that the ethics of history as a branch of applied ethics is wider than the “ethos” of historical science. A position is put forward on the consequential and socially oriented specifics of the ethics of history. Its subject is the ethical problems of referring to the past in the historical culture of society.The externalist interpretation of the ethics of history allows us to consider the latter as an important factor in the circulation of ideas about the past in historical culture. An analysis of the project of transcendental history by H.M.Baumgartner points to an important trend of overcoming descriptivism by the ethics of history, a movement towards its normative definition, and also emphasizes its interdisciplinary nature.
On Quantum Causality
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Pris Igor E.
Published: October 2023

For Kant causality is an a priori category of the understanding, a necessary condition for the possibility of any experience. Later Wittgenstein’s philosophy rejects transcendentalism. We can only speak of causes and effects if in some basic situations, or ‘language games’, we already treat some things as causes of what happens. Since the notion of cause becomes meaningful only within a language game, it is not unambiguous. Quantum causal language games presuppose the use of quantum theory. We treat the latter as Wittgenstein’s grammar of a quantum form of life’, or rule (norm), anchored in its applications — quantum phenomena as language games. Quantum correlations are often interpreted as a manifestation of the nonlocality of quantum mechanics. This is a view of quantum phenomena from the perspective of classical physics. Our contextual point of view rejects the nonlocality of quantum theory in the sense of instantaneous causal influence at a distance. But it does not admit its locality in the sense of classical causality either. We introduce the notion of quantum causality which allows us to treat quantum correlations as local, but context-dependent. Their formal cause is an entangled wave function. Any particular quantum correlation, identifiable in a context of its observation as a result of the wave function reduction, post factum can be treated as a classical causal correlation. From the point of view of the proposed contextual quantum realism, epistemology is secondary, and ontology is sensitive to context. Quantum correlations exist (are real) before application of the theory, independently of their identification (description, measurement), but have no identity, which appears only as a result of application of the theory and their identification in the context. In other words, they are real, but not pre-determined, not autonomous.
The Ideological Predecessors of the Eurasianists about Russia as a Special Cultural and Civilizational World
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Tsitkilov Peter Ya.
Published: October 2023

The scholarly understanding of the problem of the cultural and civilizational fate of Russia is largely relevant due to the Eurasian civilizational breakdown that occurred on the territory of our great Motherland at the end of the 20th century. Currently, there is a need for a project that can accelerate integration processes in the North-East of Eurasia. This requires an appeal to the intellectual heritage of prominent Russian thinkers, including the ideological predecessors of the classics of Eurasianism. Using the historical and philosophical methodology, the methodology of civilizational theories, the author of the article substantiates the conclusion about the scientific significance of both the Eurasian civilizational concept and the ideas of major thinkers — predecessors of historical Eurasians. Elements of novelty are contained in the author’s criticism of two dubious positions in covering the issue of the ideological predecessors of the Eurasians. The conclusion is substantiated that the ideological predecessors of Eurasians were thinkers of various worldview orientations from Slavophiles, soil workers, conservative monarchists to existentialists, supporters of Orthodox Socialism. The research novelty is also contained in the author’s judgment that classical Eurasians managed to overcome the exclusiveness of the Great Russian and the limited Slavic nature of Russia’s civilizational identity contained in the works of their predecessors. In determining the ideological predecessors of the Eurasians, the classical concept of the latter was taken into account, and not the Renewed-Clamar variation of this movement. Thanks to the influence of the ideas of predecessors, classical Eurasians managed to develop a holistic concept of the cultural belonging of our country. It is based on the judgment of Russia-Eurasia as a civilizational continent of equal Europe. The comprehension of the Eurasian concept acquires special significance in connection with the objective need for the development of a social project for the civilization revival of Russia.
Russian Literature of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries in the Infosphere of Theological Academies of the Russian Empire
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chumakova Tatiana V.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is an attempt to develop approaches to the reconstruction of the place and role of literature in the intellectual and information sphere of Russian theological academies of the nineteenth — early twentieth centuries. The current publication has been prepared on the basis of sources of various origins: catalogs of libraries of theological academies, periodicals published in the Orthodox theological academies of the Russian Empire (Khristianskoe chtenie (Christian Reading), Trudy Kievskoi Dukhovnoi Akademii (Proceedings of the Kiev Theological Academy), Pravoslavnyi sobesednik (Orthodox Interlocutor), Bogoslovskii vestnik (Theological Bulletin), for instance), Orthodox autobiographies, proceedings of meetings of councils of theological academies, programs of training courses, teaching manuals (textbooks and anthologies), etc. The analysis of those numerous sources shows that the libraries of four Orthodox theological academies of the Russian Empire had large collections of fiction in various languages, including works of Russian literature. Studying Russian literature was also part of a number of training courses. Initially, it was due not so much to the desire to provide students with a versatile education, but to the desire to develop their artistic taste and literary abilities, which was necessary for composing sermons. But later, literature was interpreted as something of powerful influence at a person’s worldview, something that could compete with religion. The study shows that the influence of contemporary Russian literature was constantly increasing, and, by the early twentieth century, the programs of theological educational institutions included studying works by almost all Russian writers. At the same time, not only ‘spiritual’ writings were studied, but also those which were considered ‘harmful’, and the last one got almost a central place in the ecclesiastic periodicals (L.N.Tolstoy).
KETIDAKADILAN GENDER TERHADAP TOKOH PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL “CANTIK ITU LUKA” KARYA EKA KURNIAWAN: KAJIAN FEMINISME
Authors: Pertiwi Adhelyna
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur-struktur yang membangun novel Cantik Itu Luka karya Eka Kurniawan yang dilihat dari sastra feminis dan mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan gender. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dimana objek penelitiannya ketidakadilan gender dalam novel Cantik Itu Luka karya Eka Kurniawan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pustaka, simak, dan catat. Teknik validasi data yang digunakan adalah teknik trianggulasi teori. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode pembacaan model semiotik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: secara struktural, alurdalam novel Cantik itu Luka yaitu campuran. Tokoh dalam novel terdiri dari tokoh utama yaitu Dewi Ayu. Latar waktu terjadi pada tahun 1945. Latar sosial adalah perjuangan para perempuan dan anak-anak pada masa kolonial. Latar tempat terjadi di Halimundar. Ketidakadilan dalam novel Cantik itu Luka ada empat , gender dan marginalisasi perempuan, gender dan subordinasi,  gender dan steorotipe, gender dan beban kerja.
Experience, challenges, and engagement amidst pandemic: The online learning to onsite learning
Authors: Sitorus Friska Ria , Naibaho Pestaria , Silalahi Wolter Parlindungan
Published: October 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced stakeholders to find the best way to carry out student learning activities through online learning as the best solution during the pandemic. However, the onsite learning system has been switching slowly in the last few months. The current study summarizes the narratives of the challenges and benefits of four undergraduates from the same major who joined online learning and onsite learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through a narrative qualitative, the lens examines the students’ experiences. The instruments are interviews and diary notes of participants during conducting online and onsite learning amidst the pandemic and analyzed qualitatively. The findings showed that the students deal with four challenges: limited devices, lack of enthusiasm, anxiety, and unexpected disturbance during online learning. Meanwhile, the benefits save time, and cost, are easy to access, and students can learn independently. Moreover, this learning might help the student to become problem solvers and critical thinkers through task-solving activities and learning responsibilities. It also opens opportunities for students to better understand their own abilities in learning. Pengalaman, tantangan, dan keterlibatan di tengah pandemic: Pembelajaran online hingga pembelajaran luringPandemi Covid-19 memaksa para pemangku kepentingan untuk mencari cara terbaik dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar siswa melalui pembelajaran online sebagai solusi terbaik di masa pandemi. Namun, sistem pembelajaran di tatap muka telah beralih perlahan dalam beberapa bulan terakhir. Penelitian ini merangkum narasi perihal tantangan dan manfaat dari empat mahasiswa dari jurusan yang sama yang mengikuti pembelajaran online dan pembelajaran di tempat selama pandemi Covid-19. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa wawancara dan catatan harian peserta selama melakukan pembelajaran daring dan luring di tengah pandemi dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa siswa menghadapi empat tantangan: perangkat terbatas, kurangnya antusiasme, kecemasan, dan gangguan tak terduga selama pembelajaran online. Sedangkan keuntungannya adalah menghemat waktu, dan biaya, mudah diakses, dan siswa dapat belajar secara mandiri. Selain itu, pembelajaran ini dapat mendukung siswa untuk menjadi sosok pemecah masalah dan pemikir kritis melalui kegiatan pemecahan tugas dan tanggung jawab belajar. Hal ini juga membuka kesempatan bagi siswa untuk lebih memahami kemampuannya sendiri dalam belajar.
Effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera seed powder to the diet
on some immunological and histological parameters of common
carp fish Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Zghair Al-Rawashi Jaber Bander , Hussain Salman Ali , Jawad Al-Yasiri Ahmed , Kassim Al-Gharawi Jassim
Published: October 2023

75 common carp fish with an average weight of 65.08±0.42 g were used. The fish
were fed on experimental diets, which were divided into five equal treatments in
terms of protein percentages, different in the proportions of adding Moringa seed
powder, was 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%, respectively; the fish were fed on the experimental diets at 5% of the live weight, divided into 4 meals a day. The liver histological examinations in T2 and T3-treated fish showed a significant improvement
in the histological characteristics of hepatocytes and the contents of the liver tissue
parenchyma. At the same time, it was observed that the liver tissue was slightly
affected in the fish of the fourth and fifth treatments without affecting the health
status of the fish. Histological examinations also showed the improvement and superiority of T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatment fish compared to control treatment fish
on histological parameters of small intestine and gill tissue. This indicates that adding Moringa seed powder to fish diets at low rates stimulated the immune system
and raised the concentration of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins to improve the fish's
tissue health status.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, immunological, histological, common carp fish Cyprinus carpio L.
Effect of genetic testing for CAPN1 gene polymorphisms on some
productive and meat quality traits in broilers
Authors: Dakhil Raysan Adbul-Kadhum , Abdul-Kareem Ali A.
Published: October 2023

One day, 100 birds of commercial broiler Ross308 were used. The results showed
the success of the amplification process for the studied segment of the CAPN1
gene through electrophoresis assay. Three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, were identified, whose frequency was 0.52, 0.34 and 0.14, respectively. C allele frequency
was 0.69, and the T allele was 0.31. There are no significant differences in body
weight and weight gain among CC, CT and TT genotypes. The results showed that
there were highly significant differences (P<0.01) in the Water Holding Capacity
(WHC) among the genotypes. The CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT
genotypes. Also, there were significant differences in the pH values (P<0.01)
among the genotypes. CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes.
There were significant differences in flavor between the genotypes; the CC genotype was superior to the CT genotype, and the CT genotype was superior to the
TT genotype. There are significant differences (P<0.01) in tenderness. CC genotype was superior to the TT genotype. CT genotypes did not differ significantly
from the CC and TT genotypes. There was a highly significant difference (P<0.01)
among the genotypes on the juiciness. The CC genotype was superior to the CT
and TT genotypes—no significant differences in color and generally acceptable.
Keywords: genetic analysis, polymorphisms, CAPN1 gene, productive, meat
qualitative, broiler.