bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesoscopic impurities in generalized hydrodynamics
Authors: Hübner Friedrich
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the impurities in integrable models from the viewpoint of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD). An impurity can be thought of as a boundary condition for the GHD equation, relating the states on the left and right sides. It was found that, in interacting models, it is not possible to disentangle the incoming and outgoing states, which means that it is not possible to think of scattering as a mapping that maps the incoming state to the outgoing state. A novel class of impurities, dubbed mesoscopic impurities, was then introduced, whose spatial size is mesoscopic (i.e. their size

L

m
i
c
r
o

≪

L

i
m
p

≪
L

is much larger than the microscopic length scale

L

m
i
c
r
o

but much smaller than the macroscopic scale L). Because of their large size, it is possible to describe mesoscopic impurities via GHD. This simplification allows one to study these impurities both analytically and numerically. These impurities show interesting non-perturbative scattering behavior, such as the nonuniqueness of the solutions and a nonanalytic dependence on the impurity strength. In models with one quasi-particle species and a scattering phase shift that depends only on the difference in momenta, the scattering can be described using an effective Hamiltonian. This Hamiltonian is dressed due to the interaction between the particles and satisfies a self-consistency fixed-point equation. In the example of the hard-rod model, it was demonstrated how this fixed-point equation can be used to find almost explicit solutions to the scattering problem by reducing it to a two-dimensional system of equations that can be solved numerically.
Form factors of the tricritical three-state Potts model in its scaling limit
Authors: Mussardo Giuseppe , Panero Marco , Stampiggi Andrea
Published: March 2024

We compute the form factors of the order and disorder operators, together with those of the stress–energy tensor, of a two-dimensional three-state Potts model with vacancies along its thermal deformation at the critical point. At criticality, the model is described by the non-diagonal partition function of the unitary minimal modelM6,7of conformal field theories and is accompanied by an internalS3symmetry. The off-critical thermal deformation is an integrable massive theory that is still invariant underS3. The presence of infinitely many conserved quantities, whose spin spectrum is related to the exceptional Lie algebraE6, allows us to determine the analyticS-matrix, the exact mass spectrum and the matrix elements of local operators of this model in an exact non-perturbative way. We use the spectral representation series of the correlators and the fast convergence of these series to compute several universal ratios of the renormalization group.
Preparation of physics teachers for the next generation of students
Authors: Zelenický Ľ
Published: March 2024

Physics is taught in our schools based on paradigms formulated in previous decades. Teachers and other experts pay great attention to innovations in content and methods, responding to new trends in pedagogy, psychology and physics itself. Despite these efforts, it is unable to overcome a fundamental problem, namely the lack of interest in physics on the part of students in primary and secondary schools and, as a consequence, lack of interest in the profession of physics teacher. In this article, we focus on one of the possible causes of such a situation, consisting of insufficient knowledge of the student, his needs and characteristics in the current period.
Development of the Continuous Readout Digitising Imager Array detector
Authors: Marras A. , Klujev A. , Lange S. , Laurus T. , Pennicard D. , Trunk U. , Wunderer C.B. , Krueger H. , Graafsma H.
Published: March 2024

The CoRDIA project aims to develop an X-ray imager capable of continuous operation in excess of 100 kframe/s. The goal is to provide a suitable instrument for Photon Science experiments at diffraction-limited Synchrotron Rings and Free Electron Lasers considering Continuous Wave operation. Several chip prototypes were designed in a 65 nm process: in this paper we will present an overview of the challenges and solutions adopted in the ASIC design.
Flavor identification of atmospheric neutrinos in JUNO with machine learning
Authors: Zeng F. , Duyang H. , Li T. , Liu J. , Liu Z. , Luo W. , Ma W.Y. ,   the JUNO collaboration
Published: March 2024

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is designed to determine neutrino mass ordering (NMO) using a large liquid scintillator detector located in southern China. While JUNO's NMO sensitivity mostly comes from reactor neutrinos, atmospheric neutrino oscillations in JUNO can provide complimentary sensitivity via matter effects, and enhance its overall sensitivity in a joint analysis. Neutrino flavor identification is crucial to atmospheric neutrino oscillation measurements, but is traditionally a very difficult task in liquid scintillator detectors such as JUNO. In this paper, we present a novel method for the flavor identification of atmospheric neutrinos in JUNO with machine learning techniques. This method takes features from photomultiplier tube waveforms as inputs, and shows promising results with JUNO simulation. This method could also be applied to other liquid scintillator detectors, potentially benefiting other future atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiments.
Dual use driver for high speed links transmitters in the future high energy physics experiments
Authors: Baszczyk M. , Biereigel S. , Klekotko A. , Kulis S. , Martina F. , Moreira P.
Published: March 2024

The paper presents the Dual Use Driver (DUDE) for high
speed links, a circuit designed for the Demonstrator ASIC for Radiation-Tolerant Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS (DART28) developed under the EP-R&D programme on technologies for future high energy
physics experiments. The driver operates at 25.6 Gbps and it allows driving both 100 Ω
transmission lines and optical Ring Modulators (RMs) integrated in a photonics integrated circuit
(PIC). The driver includes configurable pre-emphasis. The device will allow to demonstrate the
feasibility of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical links operating with bandwidths in excess of 100 Gbps per fiber
that are capable of sustaining total ionizing radiation doses up to 10 MGy.
Investigation of flow patterns in two-phase carbon dioxide in horizontal and vertical pipes
Authors: Siegfanz Alexander , Wagner Wolfgang , Janoske Uwe
Published: March 2024

Modern particle detectors crucially depend on efficient
cooling systems. Two-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) is a suitable
solution as a cooling agent. This publication presents the
observations and results of investigations of horizontal and
vertical flow of two-phase CO_2 at a temperature of
 T = -15 °C and a pressure of approximately 23 bar. Heat
fluxes between 98.5 kW/m2 and 200 kW/m2 were applied to
the CO2, covering the range expected to occur in the future ATLAS
Pixel detector being built for the high-luminosity phase of the
Large Hadron Collider. Flow speeds ranged from 11.8 m/s to
28.1 m/s. Dedicated sensors measured the temperature and the
pressure before and after heating the CO2. Two-phase flow
patterns occuring in the pipe after heating the CO2 were recorded
with a high-speed camera. Stratified, wavy and slug flow are found
to be the predominant patterns for horizontal flow, while upward
vertical flow is mainly found to be slug or churn. Based on the
recorded images the void fraction of the CO2 after heating is
determined and compared for the different setups. The results are
summarised in a flow-pattern map. A clear distinction between
vertical and horizontal flow is found, with horizontal flow
exhibiting a significantly higher void fraction than vertical
flow. Based on the pressure measurements, the pressure drop after
heating the CO2 is measured and the corresponding Euler number is
computed. While the pressure drop increases with the heat flux for
horizontal flow, the pressure drop reduces with the heat flux in the
case of upward vertical flow.
Coal transitions—part 2: phase-out dynamics in global long-term mitigation scenarios
Authors: Minx Jan C , Hilaire Jerome , Müller-Hansen Finn , Nemet Gregory , Diluiso Francesca , Andrew Robbie M , Ayas Ceren , Bauer Nico , Bi Stephen L , Clarke Leon , Creutzig Felix , Cui Ryna Yiyun , Jotzo Frank , Kalkuhl Matthias , Lamb William F , Löschel Andreas , Manych Niccolò , Meinshausen Malte , Oei Pao-Yu , Peters Glen P , Sovacool Benjamin , Steckel Jan C , Thomas Sebastian , Workman Annabelle , Wiseman John
Published: March 2024

A rapid phase-out of unabated coal use is essential to limit global warming to below 2 °C. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of coal transitions in mitigation scenarios consistent with the Paris Agreement, using data from more than 1500 publicly available scenarios generated by more than 30 integrated assessment models. Our ensemble analysis uses clustering techniques to categorize coal transition pathways in models and bridges evidence on technological learning and innovation with historical data of energy systems. Six key findings emerge: First, we identify three archetypal coal transitions within Paris-consistent mitigation pathways. About 38% of scenarios are ‘coal phase out’ trajectories and rapidly reduce coal consumption to near zero. ‘Coal persistence’ pathways (42%) reduce coal consumption much more gradually and incompletely. The remaining 20% follow ‘coal resurgence’ pathways, characterized by increased coal consumption in the second half of the century. Second, coal persistence and resurgence archetypes rely on the widespread availability and rapid scale-up of carbon capture and storage technology (CCS). Third, coal-transition archetypes spread across all levels of climate policy ambition and scenario cycles, reflecting their dependence on model structures and assumptions. Fourth, most baseline scenarios—including the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs)—show much higher coal dependency compared to historical observations over the last 60 years. Fifth, coal-transition scenarios consistently incorporate very optimistic assumptions about the cost and scalability of CCS technologies, while being pessimistic about the cost and scalability of renewable energy technologies. Sixth, evaluation against coal-dependent baseline scenarios suggests that many mitigation scenarios overestimate the technical difficulty and costs of coal phase-outs. To improve future research, we recommend using up-to-date cost data and evidence about innovation and diffusion dynamics of different groups of zero or low-carbon technologies. Revised SSP quantifications need to incorporate projected technology learning and consistent cost structures, while reflecting recent trends in coal consumption.
Widespread reduction in gross primary productivity caused by the compound heat and drought in Yangtze River Basin in 2022
Authors: Li Tingyu , Wang Shaoqiang , Chen Bin , Wang Yingping , Chen Shiliang , Chen Jinghua , Xiao Yuhan , Xia Ye , Zhao Ziqi , Chen Xuan , Jiang Yunhao , Gu Peng
Published: March 2024

Terrestrial ecosystems play a pivotal role in the global carbon sequestration process, and their photosynthetic capacity is highly susceptible to fluctuations in climate conditions. In 2022, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in China experienced an extensive and severe compounded heat and drought event. Compared with the past two decades, our results revealed that the temperature increased by approximately 0.78 ± 0.45 °C and precipitation decreased by about 45.20 ± 30.10 mm from July to October 2022 over the whole YRB. Region I (west from the Sichuan Basin and east to the easternmost of the basin) experienced a more severe temperature increase (0.98 ± 0.35 °C) and precipitation decrease (−60.27 ± 23.75 mm) compared to the other regions in the YRB. Changes in temperature and precipitation resulted in an increase of 0.14 ± 0.06 kPa in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and a decrease of 5.28 ± 2.09 m3 m−3 in soil moisture, ultimately leading to a total loss of 26.12 ± 16.09 Tg C (about −6.08% compared to the 2001–2021 mean) in gross primary productivity (GPP) of July to October in 2022. It is noteworthy that broadleaf forests, which comprise 12.03% of the natural vegetation in region I, contributed only 6.46% of the GPP loss between July and October compared to other vegetation types, showing greater resistance to this climate event. Our findings from multiple linear regressions highlight that high temperatures and reduced soil moisture together contribute up to 94% photosynthesis loss in July–October in natural vegetation in region I, while the contribution of reduced VPD is minimal. In the future, we will further explore the impacts of compound heat and drought events on the coupled carbon and water cycles across different ecosystems, in order to better understand the ecosystem response mechanisms to extreme climates.
Inertia of partial transpose of positive semidefinite matrices
Authors: Liang Yixuan , Yan Jiahao , Si Dongran , Chen Lin
Published: March 2024

We show that the partial transpose of

9
×
9

positive semidefinite matrices do not have inertia

(
4
,
1
,
4
)

and

(
3
,
2
,
4
)

. It solves an open problem in ‘LINEAR AND MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA. Changchun Feng et al, 2022’. We apply our results to construct some inertia, as well as present the list of all possible inertia of partial transpose of

12
×
12

positive semidefinite matrices.
The stable exotic Cuntz algebras are higher-rank graph algebras
Authors: Boersema Jeffrey , Browne Sarah , Gillaspy Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

For each odd integer

n
≥
3

n \geq 3

, we construct a rank-3 graph

Λ
n

\Lambda _n

with involution

γ
n

\gamma _n

whose real

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

C

R

∗

(

Λ
n

,

γ
n

)

C^*_{\scriptscriptstyle \mathbb {R}}(\Lambda _n, \gamma _n)

is stably isomorphic to the exotic Cuntz algebra

E

n

\mathcal E_n

. This construction is optimal, as we prove that a rank-2 graph with involution

(
Λ
,
γ
)

(\Lambda ,\gamma )

can never satisfy

C

R

∗

(
Λ
,
γ
)

∼

M
E

E

n

C^*_{\scriptscriptstyle \mathbb {R}}(\Lambda , \gamma )\sim _{ME} \mathcal E_n

, and Boersema reached the same conclusion for rank-1 graphs (directed graphs) in [Münster J. Math. 10 (2017), pp. 485–521, Corollary 4.3]. Our construction relies on a rank-1 graph with involution

(
Λ
,
γ
)

(\Lambda , \gamma )

whose real

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

C

R

∗

(
Λ
,
γ
)

C^*_{\scriptscriptstyle \mathbb {R}}(\Lambda , \gamma )

is stably isomorphic to the suspension

S

R

S \mathbb {R}

. In the Appendix, we show that the

i
i

-fold suspension

S
i

R

S^i \mathbb {R}

is stably isomorphic to a graph algebra iff

−
2
≤
i
≤
1

-2 \leq i \leq 1

.
𝐾-theory of multiparameter persistence modules: Additivity
Authors: Grady Ryan , Schenfisch Anna
Published: March 2024

Persistence modules stratify their underlying parameter space, a quality that makes persistence modules amenable to study via invariants of stratified spaces. In this article, we extend a result previously known only for one-parameter persistence modules to grid multiparameter persistence modules. Namely, we show the

K
K

-theory of grid multiparameter persistence modules is additive over strata. This is true for both standard monotone multi-parameter persistence as well as multiparameter notions of zig-zag persistence. We compare our calculations for the specific group

K
0

K_0

with the recent work of Botnan, Oppermann, and Oudot, highlighting and explaining the differences between our results through an explicit projection map between computed groups.
Continuous-time extensions of discrete-time cocycles
Authors: Chemnitz Robin , Engel Maximilian , Koltai Péter
Published: March 2024

We consider linear cocycles taking values in

S
L

d

(

R

)

\mathrm {SL}_d(\mathbb {R})

driven by homeomorphic transformations of a smooth manifold, in discrete and continuous time. We show that any discrete-time cocycle can be extended to a continuous-time cocycle, while preserving its characteristic properties. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition under which this extension is canonical in the sense that the base is extended to an associated suspension flow and that the discrete-time cocycle is recovered as the time-1 map of the continuous-time cocycle. Further, we refine our general result for the case of (quasi-)periodic driving. We use our findings to construct a non-uniformly hyperbolic continuous-time cocycle in

S
L

2

(

R

)

\mathrm {SL}_{2}(\mathbb {R})

over a uniquely ergodic driving.
Culturable Streptomyces spp. from high-altitude, oligotrophic North Western Himalaya: a comprehensive study on the diversity, bioactivity and insights into the proteome of potential species
Authors: Bhat Aasif Majeed , Hussain Aehtesham , Hassan Qazi Parvaiz , Bhat Adil
Published: March 2024

The increasing global concern of antimicrobial resistance and shortage of new antimicrobials necessitates exploring untapped terrestrial environments for new bioactive microbiome diversity. The low-temperature and oligotrophic North Western Himalaya (NWH) region has a vast diversity of Streptomyces with potential antimicrobial properties that remain largely unexplored. This study evaluates the diversity of culturable Streptomyces from high-altitude NWH and their potential as a source of new antimicrobials through genus-specific isolation and identification. The results demonstrate a distinct phylogenetic clustering of Streptomyces from different sampling regions of NWH, site-specific variation in culturable β-diversity and species commonness with varying intersite bioactivity among different sites. Further, the study optimized the media selection for large-scale culture cultivation in antibiotic production processes and demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of Streptomyces against a range of pathogens through in vitro bioassays using minimum inhibitory concentration determination and antibiofilm activity. Untargeted label-free proteomic profiling also revealed variable expression of stress-response proteins and antibiotic regulators as a competitive survival strategy for selective antagonistic Streptomyces. The findings highlight the potential of NWH in augmenting antimicrobial discovery and combating antimicrobial resistance through the isolation and study of novel bioactive Streptomyces.
Misunderstood and underappreciated: a critical review of mental health advocacy and activism in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ionescu Alma , Mannell Jenevieve , Vaughan Megan , Burgess Rochelle
Published: March 2024

Mental health advocacy and activism have been highlighted as important in the effort towards creating environments for better mental health. However, relevant research in low- and middle-income country settings remains limited and lacks critical exploration. We seek to contribute to filling this gap by exploring driving factors behind mental health advocacy and activism efforts in low- and middle-income country settings. This review uses a critically informed thematic analysis employing conceptual frameworks of productive power to analyse peer-reviewed articles on mental health advocacy or activism over the last 20 years. We suggest that the current body of research is marred by superficial explorations of activism and advocacy, partly due to a lack of cohesion around definitions. Based on our findings, we suggest a conceptual framework to guide deeper explorations of mental health advocacy and activism. This framework identifies ‘legitimacy’, ‘context’ and ‘timing’ as the main dimensions to consider in understanding activism and advocacy efforts. The fact that they remain misunderstood and underappreciated creates missed opportunities for meaningful inclusion of lived experience in policy decisions and limits our understanding of how communities envision and enact change.
Low-carbon innovation efficiency of high-tech industries and its influencing factors
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Elbakri Idris
Published: March 2024

China has a vast territory, with an abundance of natural resources. Industrial investment of provinces promulgating and implementing state policies and measures on the basis of the various regions and industries are slowly widening the gap, which leads to significant differences in the level of industrial development. The imbalance between development at both provincial and municipal levels has become more prominent. The state has formulated a policy of coordinated development of the regional economy. There are differences between regions and industries in the demand for technological innovation of high-tech industry. This article is from the regional perspective, industry perspective and the perspective of the two. This paper, through the research of technology innovation and output data of China’s 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, finds the delivery rate is an independent variable of the average number of employees, R&D funds, R&D internal expenditure, external spending, new product sales income, the absorption of funding expenditure, technical transformation of funds for fixed assets, and gross profit as a technological low-carbon innovation efficiency measure. Using factor analysis, multiple regression methods and SPSS software, from the perspective of two regions and industries, enables empirical analysis of the influencing factors of this variable.
Impact of uricosurics on mortality outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kow Chia Siang , Ramachandram Dinesh Sangarran , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Thiruchelvam Kaeshaelya
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To determine risks associated with uricosurics in COVID-19 patients.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by systematically searching electronic databases.

Key findings

The pooled analysis of the included trials revealed that the use of uricosurics was not associated with the risk of mortality (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.12). However, there is a potential mortality benefit associated with the use of ascorbic acid (pooled OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.94).

Conclusions

The findings confirmed the safety of uricosurics in COVID-19 patients, despite their potential to cause uric acid excretion, which may possess antioxidant properties.
‘The big value of it is getting the patient seen by the right person at the right time’: clinician perceptions of the value of allied health primary contact models of care
Authors: Brandenburg Caitlin , Ward Elizabeth C , Schwarz Maria , Palmer Michelle , Hartley Carina , Byrnes Joshua , Coccetti Anne , Phillips Rachel , Wishart Laurelie R
Published: March 2024

Allied health primary contact clinic models of care have increasingly been used as a strategy to increase public health service capacity. A recent systematic review found little consistency or agreement on how primary contact clinics are evaluated. The concept of value of primary contact clinics, which has important implications for evaluation, has not yet been explored in-depth. To explore allied health clinicians’ perceptions of the value of allied health primary contact clinics, with the goal of informing an evaluation framework, a descriptive qualitative approach utilizing semi-structured interviews was employed. Participants included allied health staff embedded in clinical lead roles within primary contact clinics across four acute care hospitals in a metropolitan health service located in South-East Queensland, Australia. Lead staff from 30 identified primary contact clinic models in the health service were approached to take part via email. All eligible participants who provided consent were included. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used. A total of 23 clinicians (n = 23) representing 22 diverse models of primary contact clinics participated. Most participants were physiotherapists, dietitians, or occupational therapists, although speech pathology, audiology, and podiatry were also represented. Participant perceptions of the ‘value’ of PCCs were a highly complex phenomenon, comprising five intersecting domains: (i) patient satisfaction; (ii) clinical outcomes; (iii) care pathway and resource use; (iv) health service performance; and (v) staff satisfaction and professional standing. These five core value domains were positively or negatively influenced by 12 perceived benefits and 8 perceived drawbacks, respectively. Value domains were also highly interrelated and impacted upon each other. The concept of ‘value’ relating to primary contact clinics involves multiple intersecting domains encompassing different perspectives. This study highlighted potential benefits and drawbacks of primary contact clinics that have not yet been measured or explored in the literature, and as such may be useful for healthcare administrators to consider. The findings of this study will inform an evaluation framework including health economics calculator for primary contact clinics.
Testing relational turbulence theory in daily life using dynamic structural equation modeling
Authors: Goodboy Alan K , Dillow Megan R , Shin Matt , Chiasson Rebekah M , Zyphur Michael J
Published: March 2024

Using dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM; Asparouhov et al., 2018), this study tests how partner disruptions of daily routines create a chaotic relational state through intensified emotions directed at partners, as posited by relational turbulence theory (RTT; Solomon et al., 2016). To test this affective process, individuals in dating relationships (N = 130) completed daily surveys for 30 days (T = 30; 3,478 total observations), measuring that day’s interference from their partner, anger experienced while interacting with their partner, and their relational turbulence. DSEM accounted for the intensive longitudinal aspects of the data while modeling three types of person-specific random effects: random intercepts to account for subject-specific averages; random slopes to account for subject-specific effects; and random variances to account for subject-specific volatility. RTT processes were supported, as greater than typical interference of routines in daily life predicted more relational turbulence that day via increased daily anger (controlling for the previous day’s levels). The use of DSEM allowed us to further test RTT by modeling person-specific inertia and volatility (for levels of interference, anger, and relational turbulence throughout a month). The use of a multilevel “location-scale” DSEM with random intercepts and random variances revealed that attachment avoidance and anxiety predicted a variety of person-specific features of the studied longitudinal processes: averages, inertia, and volatility over time. We provide our data and a supplemental primer to illustrate how to test communication theory with DSEM and model the intensive dynamics of daily life.
En route to decoloniality—A different light on Northern research on urban refugees in Southern contexts: A case from Jordan
Authors: Ghanem Hala
Published: March 2024

This article examines opposing viewpoints on Northern research interventions in Southern cities regarding urban refugees. While some argue for a complete boycott of Northern interventions, others perpetuate colonial attitudes of patronization. Engaging with decolonial perspectives, this article aims to bridge the gap between current practices and a desired decolonial future in refugee studies. By reflecting on personal experiences, it highlights the usually unnoticed dynamics of North–South partnerships, academic and non-academic, in refugee studies. The article explores the Northern presence in the South, focusing on Jordan. It analyses four primary trends of Northern conduct in Jordan: the shift from women empowerment to climate change, rapid out-of-touch fieldwork, the Four Seasons Phenomenon, and the add-on partners. Finally, it seeks a middle ground by providing guidance to both Northern and Southern entities, facilitating better partnerships. This article aims to raise awareness and guide experts, scholars, and INGOs in refugee studies and other disciplines.
(004) Retrospective Concomitant Nonrandomized Comparison of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Versus No Treatment for Erectile Function Post Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Hammad M A M , Gevorkyan R , Tran J , Fung C , Barham D W , Ahlering T , Yafi F A
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Recent studies have shown that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can be safely applied in men with low-risk prostate cancer.

Objective

To assess TRT versus no TRT 2-year potency outcomes in hypogonadal men aged ≥ 60.

Methods

Retrospective concomitant nonrandomized comparison of 70 hypogonadal men, aged 60 or older, were stratified by TRT post-RP. Baseline demographics, total testosterone (TT) calculated free testosterone (cFT), and comorbidities prior to RP were measured from October 2016 – October 2020. Sexual function was assessed via the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) pre-and post-surgery. Potency (evaluated at 3-, 9-, 15-, and 24-months post-RP) was defined as erections sufficient for penetration and satisfying, and/or erection fullness >75%, and/or a score of 5 on Q1 (IIEF-5; confidence). T-tests, chi-square, and regression analyses were performed.

Results

Potency at 2 years was 63.6% (TRT) versus 35.1% (No TRT; p=0.017). Regression analysis showed that TRT was a predictor of potency outcomes 2 years post-RP (OR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.16–10.3; p=0.029) after adjusting for age and Gleason Grade Group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline factors between the TRT-receiving and no-TRT groups. BCR rates between the two groups were 12.1% (TRT) versus 27.0% (no TRT; p=0.12) with a mean follow-up time of 40.2 ± 13.6 months. Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated a trend toward a significant difference in time to BCR (p=0.078).

Conclusions

In hypogonadal men aged ≥ 60, TRT significantly improved potency outcomes 2-years post-RP. The risk of BCR overall in men receiving TRT was lower but not statistically significant.

Disclosure

Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: FY – Advisory board and speaker for Coloplast; consultant for Cynosure; advisory board and speaker for Halozyme; intellectual property with Masimo; advisory board for Promescent; consultant for Sprout; advisory board for Xialla.
(032) Prevalence of Testosterone Deficiency and Risk Factors in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Ahn S , Hwang W , Jo S B , Kim J W , Oh M M , Park H S , Moon D G
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Testosterone therapy (TTh) is contra-indicated in patients with prostate cancer (PCa), however according to the recent AUA guideline, TTh can be offer for localized PCa with no evidence of active disease. However, it is not known how much localized PCa patients suffer from testosterone (T) deficiency after treatment in real clinical practice, and further clinical characteristics on those potential candidates for TTh is insufficient.

Objective

This study analyzed T profile of patients with localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) to determined the prevalence of testosterone deficiency and its risk factors.

Methods

We reviewed patients who underwent RP for localized PCa between 2016 and 2021. Patients with less than 1 year of follow-up and patients with biochemical recurrence or distant metastasis during follow-up were excluded. In addition, we exclude the patient who had no T profile preoperatively and postoperative 1 year. The serum T level threshold for T deficiency was defined as 3.0 ng/mL. The primary outcome was the prevalence of TDS, and the secondary outcome was the predicting factors of TDS.

Results

A total of 192 patients underwent RP with localized PCa during the study period. Among them, 120 patients were analyzed, excluding patients without baseline T and follow-up T level at postoperative 1 year (n=67) and patients with BCR during the follow-up (n=5). Eighteen of 120 patients (15.0%) had T deficiency before RP. Excluding preoperative T deficiency, 33 (32.4%) of 102 patients had their T level reduced to less than 3.0 ng/ml after RP. Among them, 16 patients (15.7%) had persistent decreased T level. Table 1. Summarized the baseline characteristics of patients with and without T deficiency after RP. BMI (OR: 1.586, p< 0.001) was statistically significant in multivariate logistic regression to identify the predicting factor for T deficiency after RP.

Conclusions

In the patients with localized prostate cancer, there were a significant number of TTh candidates. In particular, obese patients had a higher risk of T deficiency.

Disclosure

No.
(037) Trans Obturator Repositioning Sling (TOROS); Novel Proximal Fixation of Penile Prosthesis Cylinder in Neophallus
Authors: Raheem O , Kocjancic E , Pathuri M
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The placement of Penile Prosthesis (PP) in transgender men with a neophallus is technically demanding and poses challenges specifically related to the extracorporal proximal anchoring of the cylinders owing to the lack of proximal corpora. We herein designed a novel Trans-Obtutrator Repositioning Sling (TOROS) for the proximal PP cylinder anchoring in a phallus of cisgender man or a neophallus of transgender man.

Objective

To assess the safety and efficacy of this novel surgical approach for the extracorporal proximal PP cylinder anchoring (TOROS) in two patients (cisgender and transgender) through refashioned use of the AdVanceTM Male Sling System (Boston Scientific). We herein present one video (first patient) to demonstrate step by step surgical technique.

Methods

Two patients were included. First patient is a 38-year-old cisgender male with a history of micropenis who underwent anterolateral thigh phalloplasty in 2017 presents for PP insertion. Second patient is 35 year old transgender with history of right free flap forearm phalloplasty 2019 with prior failed PP revision presents with perineal pain at level of proximal PP cylinder. Both patients consented and elected to proceed.

Results

After careful identification of neophallus vascular pedicle with handheld doppler, a perineal midline incision was made. The space within the neophallus was carefully dissected, dilated up to 11mm with Hegar dilator and measured for upcoming PP cylinder. Next and similar AdVance Male Sling surgical approach, the Adductor Longus tendon identified as a landmark, a trocar was inserted carefully through the obturator foramen around the inferior ischiopubic ramus. The sling was pulled via perineal incision and refashioned into socket-like sling to house the proximal end of PP cylinder or Rear Tip Extender (RTE) (in this case). To further reinforce this connection, sling flanges wrapped around and suture fixated. Next a single-cylinder Ambicor PP (Boston Sci) is inserted. PP pump placed into the left perineal side. Total PP length was 15cm+2cm RTE. PP appeared cycling well. Skin closed in layers. Patient had an uneventful post-op course and discharged on POD #3. At the 6-week mark, the patient had no post-op complaints or complications. The patient has been able to cycle the penile implant twice daily without issue and satisfied with the outcome of the procedure.

Conclusions

Extra-corporal anchoring of PP cylinders using TOROS is a novel, feasible and potentially changing approach in cisgender or transgender men. Proximal anchoring of the cylinders on the inferior pubic ramus and ramus of the ischium through the modified and refashioned use of trans-obturator male sling mimic natural anatomical attachment of the proximal corpora, and the same approach can applied in a transgender man neophallus with apparent good stability with and without axial loading.

Disclosure

No.
(064) Argonaute 2 Restores Erectile Function by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Type-1 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Yin G , Ock J , Suh J , Kwon M , Limanjaya A , Ryu J
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a primary cause of erectile dysfunction (ED), is a pancreatic β-cell dysfunction that leads to insulin deficiency and resistance, resulting in microvascular complications. Argonaute 2 (Ago2), a catalytic engine in mammalian RNA interference, is involved in neurovascular regeneration under inflammatory conditions.

Objective

In the present study, we aimed to determine whether an exogenous injection of Ago2 proteins can improve erectile function in STZ-induced type-1 diabetic mice and explore the specific mechanisms of Ago2 in the process.

Methods

Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used for in vivo study. The detailed mechanisms were evaluated in age-matched control or STZ-induced type-1 diabetic mice. Mouse cavernous endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for in vitro study. The function of Ago2 in high-glucose condition was evaluated by tube formation assay, migration assay, immunofluorescence stain and western blot experiments.

Results

We report that Ago2 administration can effectively improve penile erection by enhancing cavernous endothelial cell angiogenesis and survival under diabetic conditions. We found that although Ago2 is highly expressed around blood vessels and nerves, it is significantly reduced in the penis tissue of diabetic mice. Exogenous administration of the Ago2 protein restored erectile function in diabetic mice by reducing reactive oxygen species production-signaling pathways (inducing eNOS Ser1177/NF-κB Ser536 signaling) and improving cavernous endothelial angiogenesis, migration, and cell survival. Our study provides new evidence that Ago2 mediation may be a promising therapeutic strategy and a new approach for diabetic ED treatment.

Conclusions

Our study provides new insights into Ago2 function and may represent a new therapeutic approach for ED and other vascular and neurological diseases.

Disclosure

No.
(070) Assessment the Efficacy of Daily Use of Duloxetine in Treatment of Premature Ejaculation: A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Cross Over Clinical Trial
Authors: Shokr Mohamed Shokr M , Zaazaa A , Ramzy D , Yassin M , Nasr El-din M
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Premature ejaculation is considered to be the most common male sexual disorder, affecting 5% to 40% of sexually active men. Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. •It inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, combining two therapeutic mechanisms in one agent to treat depression and anxiety and also raises dopamine levels.

Objective

The aim of this study is evaluating the efficacy of “daily” use of Duloxetine in treatment of PE either primary or secondary.

Methods

•This Randomized Clinical Trial enrolled among (68) Male patients had Premature ejaculation (PE) diagnosed with quantification of the intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) less than 2 minutes. •The (68) potent male patients complaining of PE were divided into two groups: - •Intervention arm Group (A): patients with PE either primary or secondary that received (duloxetine 30mg) daily for 1 month. •Control arm Group (B): patients with PE either primary or secondary that they received placebo treatment daily for 1 month

Results

A total of 68 patients were eligible for inclusion in the current study, they had a mean age of 38.4 ± 6.1 years, secondary premature ejaculation accounted for 91.2% of the included patients. Baseline IIEF-5 showed a median of 24 (range 22–33), median AIPE was 19 (range 8–30), median IELT 60 sec (range 30–120), median Male SQOL 20 (range 15–33). •All participants had a median AIPE was 26 (range 9–34), median IELT 180 sec (range 30–240), median Male SQOL 43 (range 18–55) after being treated with duloxetine. While median AIPE after placebo was 19 (range 8–30), IELT after placebo 60 seconds (30–160), Male SQOL after placebo was 21 (range 16–33).

Conclusions

•A daily dose of Duloxetine (30 mg) had an effective role in improving premature ejaculation (PE)severity and quality of life either primary or secondary regarding

Disclosure

No.
(075) Practice Patterns of Sexual Medicine Experts Towards Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome
Authors: Duran M B , Rubin R , Reisman Y , Serefoglu E C
Published: March 2024

Introduction

POIS is a rare, but debilitating cluster of symptoms, occurring after ejaculation with unknown mechanism. Unfortunately, limited information is available on POIS diagnosis, treatment, and disease management

Objective

To investigate the practice patterns of sexual medicine experts towards POIS

Methods

Worldwide sexual medicine experts were invited to participate anonymously in an online, open survey using SurveyMonkey.

Results

211 sexual medicine experts filled the survey. The mean age of the participants was 45.4 years. The majority of the participants were urologists (83.9%). Most of the participants (53.5%) considered POIS to be an important sexual dysfunction that should be treated. Most participants stated that the available information about POIS was inadequate for both patients and physicians (65.9% and 66.3%, respectively). 47.9% of the participants stated psychological disorder, 46.4% stated bio-psycho-social reasons, 41.2% stated a transient deregulation of the autonomic nervous system, and 39.8% stated autoimmune or allergic type reaction for the responsibility for the pathophysiology of POIS. 56.4% of the participants stated that they would refer the patient for psychotherapy/sexual therapy to a sexologist, 41.7% would prefer antihistamine drugs to manage symptoms, and 38.4% would prefer Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) drugs for treatment of POIS.

Conclusions

This survey study among sexual medicine experts from different parts of the world has developed representative estimates of knowledge, attitudes and practice patterns regarding POIS worldwide. Furthermore, sexual medicine experts stated that there is not adequate information available about POIS for physicians and patients.

Disclosure

No.
(080) Psychological Outcomes and Sexual Satisfaction Rates in Males with Phimosis Following the Novoglan Foreskin Extender Treatment
Authors: Chung E , Polikarpov D , Mazure H , James A , Gillatt D
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Phimosis can be associated with sexual dysfunction since it often causes discomfort or pain on erection or during sexual intercourse. While circumcision is routinely advocated in patients with phimosis, many males would prefer conservative treatment and are keen to preserve their foreskins. Novoglan foreskin tissue expander is a non-surgical device that uses a balloon to produce gradual stretching of the phimotic foreskin.

Objective

To assess the impact of phimosis and Novoglan treatment on sexual health and psychological domains.

Methods

Following Institutional Ethics Board approval (HREC/2020/QMS/66682), 20 males with phimosis were recruited across two Australian sites. Inclusion criteria include male aged ≥ 18 years, who has phimosis and normal erectile function, while those with balanoposthitis and/or recurrent UTIs were excluded. All participants received informed consent and completed questionnaires before and after the Novoglan treatment. The questionnaires included questions on pain or discomfort during sexual activity and levels of anxiety or depression. Circumcision was offered to all patients at the start and end of the study period.

Results

Nineteen (95%) patients with phimosis recruited in the Novoglan trial reported pain or discomfort during sexual activity, with one (5%) participant reporting pain or discomfort as severe, while moderate or mild levels were reported by ten (50%) and eight (40%) participants, respectively. The level of pain or discomfort during sexual activity improved significantly after the Novoglan treatment with no patients reporting severe level of pain or discomfort, with most males reporting mild or no pain or discomfort (80%). While all participants documented mild to moderate levels of anxiety or depression prior to treatment, 17 participants (85%) reported no anxiety or depression and only three (15%) men reported a mild degree of psychological distress. None of the participants elected for circumcision.

Conclusions

The Novoglan foreskin tissue expander device significantly improves the psychological outcomes and sexual function in males with phimosis. All patients reported minimal or no pain or discomfort during sexual activity, had minimal or no anxiety or depression related to foreskin issues, and declined circumcision at the end of the study period.

Disclosure

Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Novoglan device company.

Clarification: Industry funding only - investigator initiated and executed study.
(112) Penile Rehabilitation by Daily Intake of 5 mg Tadalafil for Erectile Dysfunction After Penile Fracture
Authors: Ragab M W , Fayek S , Ramzy D , Nabil N , Saad H , Labib M , Abo Sief A
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Penile fracture is a rare complication to penile trauma, characterized by a sudden injury of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa of the penis. This commonly occurs during the erect state, when the tunica is thinner and under tension of fully engorged corpora cavernosa. Erectile dysfunction (ED) may occur in up to 12% of these patients due to organic and psychosexual factors including penile fibrosis.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the potential predictors of erectile dysfunction in patients who had penile fracture repair and the role of rehabilitation course of daily tadalafil 5 mg in management of ED following penile fracture.

Methods

From January 2022 to February 2023, 25 patients were included. Patients' baseline data as well as history including the time of presentation, the pattern and length of the tunical tear, and the presence of urethral injury, were obtained. After a week, all patients were followed up on and told to resume intercourse after at least two weeks if their wound had epithelialized. Only patients with a complaint of a weak erection, as determined by the Arabic validated version of the international index of erectile function (ArIIEF-5), were started on daily tadalafil 5 mg as a penile rehabilitation for at least one month, or until they regained their normal erection. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for assessing patients. Patients with confounding disease as metabolic syndrome or mental illness were eliminated.

Results

Significant indicators predicting erectile dysfunction, according to the multiple logistic regression model, are the patients' age and the length of the tunical tear. A 1% increase in age was linked with a 73.6% rise in the probability of erectile dysfunction (p = 0.046), and a 1 cm increase in tunical tear length was associated with a 20.04 times increased risk of erectile dysfunction (p = 0.04). With a mean score of 20 on the Arabic-approved version of the internal index of erectile function, 5 of 9 patients with erectile dysfunction (55%) had improved erections after one month of penile rehabilitation, while only 4 of 9 patients (44%) required an additional month of treatment.

Conclusions

We propose that patients with penile fractur be counselled about erectile dysfunction and begin penile rehabilitation as soon as possible following repair to regain a normal erection.

Disclosure

No.