bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerated brain aging predicts impaired cognitive performance and greater disability in geriatric but not midlife adult depression
Authors: Christman Seth , Bermudez Camilo , Hao Lingyan , Landman Bennett A. , Boyd Brian , Albert Kimberly , Woodward Neil , Shokouhi Sepideh , Vega Jennifer , Andrews Patricia , Taylor Warren D.
Published: September 2020

Depression is associated with markers of accelerated aging, but it is unclear how this relationship changes across the lifespan. We examined whether a brain-based measure of accelerated aging differed between depressed and never-depressed subjects across the adult lifespan and whether it was related to cognitive performance and disability. We applied a machine-learning approach that estimated brain age from structural MRI data in two depressed cohorts, respectively 170 midlife adults and 154 older adults enrolled in studies with common entry criteria. Both cohorts completed broad cognitive batteries and the older subgroup completed a disability assessment. The machine-learning model estimated brain age from MRI data, which was compared to chronological age to determine the brain–age gap (BAG; estimated age-chronological age). BAG did not differ between midlife depressed and nondepressed adults. Older depressed adults exhibited significantly higher BAG than nondepressed elders (Wald χ2 = 8.84, p = 0.0029), indicating a higher estimated brain age than chronological age. BAG was not associated with midlife cognitive performance. In the older cohort, higher BAG was associated with poorer episodic memory performance (Wald χ2 = 4.10, p = 0.0430) and, in the older depressed group alone, slower processing speed (Wald χ2 = 4.43, p = 0.0354). We also observed a statistical interaction where greater depressive symptom severity in context of higher BAG was associated with poorer executive function (Wald χ2 = 5.89, p = 0.0152) and working memory performance (Wald χ2 = 4.47, p = 0.0346). Increased BAG was associated with greater disability (Wald χ2 = 6.00, p = 0.0143). Unlike midlife depression, geriatric depression exhibits accelerated brain aging, which in turn is associated with cognitive and functional deficits.
CCL18-induced LINC00319 promotes proliferation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-199a-5p/FZD4 axis
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Liu Jingpeng , Li Simin , Jia Bo , Huang Zhijie , Shen Jun , Luo Haiyun , Zhao Jianjiang
Published: September 2020

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which may be modulated by chemokines, are key regulators in many cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An understanding of lncRNAs involved in chemokine (CC motif) ligand 18 (CCL18)-induced OSCC promotion remains elusive. The present study using lncRNA sequencing found LINC00319 to be significantly upregulated in OSCC cells subjected to rCCL18 stimulation. Furthermore, LINC00319 knockdown was found to attenuate the carcinogenic function of CCL18 in OSCC, reducing OSCC proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. LINC00319 was demonstrated to act as a ceRNA in OSCC, which directly responded to miR-199a-5p and rescued the repression of FZD4 by miR-199a-5p. Functionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that LINC00319 promoted OSCC growth and metastasis via downregulating miR-199a-5p and upregulating FZD4. In vitro rescue assays demonstrated that miR-199a-5p inhibitor or FZD4 overexpression reversed the effects of LINC00319 silencing in OSCC. Importantly, the expression of miR-199a-5p and FZD4 were found to be mediated by CCL18, and miR-199a-5p mimics inhibited the CCL18-promoting effects in oral cancer cells. Taken together, these results evidenced a mechanism of CCL18 action in OSCC mediated through the LINC00319/miR-199a-5p/FZD4 signaling pathway, which may comprise a potential target for OSCC therapeutic development.
Designing artificial sodium ion reservoirs to emulate biological synapses
Authors: Kim Dongshin , Lee Jang-Sik
Published: September 2020

Emulating neurons/synapses in the brain is an important step to realizing highly efficient computers. This fact makes neuromorphic devices important emerging solutions to the limitations imposed by the current computing architecture. To mimic synaptic functions in the brain, it is critical to replicate ionic movements in the nervous system. It is therefore important to note that ions move easily in liquids. In this study, we demonstrate a liquid-based neuromorphic device that is capable of mimicking the movement of ions in the nervous system by controlling Na+ movement in an aqueous solution. The concentration of Na+ in the solution can control the ionic conductivity of the device. The device shows short-term and long-term plasticity such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, potentiation, and depression, which are key properties for memorization and computation in the brain. This device has the potential to overcome the limitations of current von Neumann architecture-based computing systems and substantially advance the technology of neuromorphic computing.
Hot electrons in a nanowire hard X-ray detector
Authors: Zapf Maximilian , Ritzer Maurizio , Liborius Lisa , Johannes Andreas , Hafermann Martin , Schönherr Sven , Segura-Ruiz Jaime , Martínez-Criado Gema , Prost Werner , Ronning Carsten
Published: September 2020

Nanowire chip-based electrical and optical devices such as biochemical sensors, physical detectors, or light emitters combine outstanding functionality with a small footprint, reducing expensive material and energy consumption. The core functionality of many nanowire-based devices is embedded in their p-n junctions. To fully unleash their potential, such nanowire-based devices require – besides a high performance – stability and reliability. Here, we report on an axial p-n junction GaAs nanowire X-ray detector that enables ultra-high spatial resolution (~200 nm) compared to micron scale conventional ones. In-operando X-ray analytical techniques based on a focused synchrotron X-ray nanobeam allow probing the internal electrical field and observing hot electron effects at the nanoscale. Finally, we study device stability and find a selective hot electron induced oxidization in the n-doped segment of the p-n junction. Our findings demonstrate capabilities and limitations of p-n junction nanowires, providing insight for further improvement and eventual integration into on-chip devices.
Ultralight covalent organic framework/graphene aerogels with hierarchical porosity
Authors: Li Changxia , Yang Jin , Pachfule Pradip , Li Shuang , Ye Meng-Yang , Schmidt Johannes , Thomas Arne
Published: September 2020

The fabrication of macroscopic objects from covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is challenging but of great significance to fully exploit their chemical functionality and porosity. Herein, COF/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels synthesized by a hydrothermal approach are presented. The COFs grow in situ along the surface of the 2D graphene sheets, which are stacked in a 3D fashion, forming an ultralight aerogel with a hierarchical porous structure after freeze-drying, which can be compressed and expanded several times without breaking. The COF/rGO aerogels show excellent absorption capacity (uptake of >200 g organic solvent/g aerogel), which can be used for removal of various organic liquids from water. Moreover, as active material of supercapacitor devices, the aerogel delivers a high capacitance of 269 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and cycling stability over 5000 cycles.
Preferred crystallographic orientation of cellulose in plant primary cell walls
Authors: Ye Dan , Rongpipi Sintu , Kiemle Sarah N. , Barnes William J. , Chaves Arielle M. , Zhu Chenhui , Norman Victoria A. , Liebman-Peláez Alexander , Hexemer Alexander , Toney Michael F. , Roberts Alison W. , Anderson Charles T. , Cosgrove Daniel J. , Gomez Esther W. , Gomez Enrique D.
Published: September 2020

Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on earth, is a versatile, energy rich material found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria, algae, and tunicates. It is well established that cellulose is crystalline, although the orientational order of cellulose crystallites normal to the plane of the cell wall has not been characterized. A preferred orientational alignment of cellulose crystals could be an important determinant of the mechanical properties of the cell wall and of cellulose-cellulose and cellulose-matrix interactions. Here, the crystalline structures of cellulose in primary cell walls of onion (Allium cepa), the model eudicot Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and moss (Physcomitrella patens) were examined through grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). We find that GIWAXS can decouple diffraction from cellulose and epicuticular wax crystals in cell walls. Pole figures constructed from a combination of GIWAXS and X-ray rocking scans reveal that cellulose crystals have a preferred crystallographic orientation with the (200) and (110)/($$1\bar 10$$
1

1

¯

0
) planes preferentially stacked parallel to the cell wall. This orientational ordering of cellulose crystals, termed texturing in materials science, represents a previously unreported measure of cellulose organization and contradicts the predominant hypothesis of twisting of microfibrils in plant primary cell walls.
Semiconductor photocatalysis to engineering deuterated N-alkyl pharmaceuticals enabled by synergistic activation of water and alkanols
Authors: Zhang Zhaofei , Qiu Chuntian , Xu Yangsen , Han Qing , Tang Junwang , Loh Kian Ping , Su Chenliang
Published: September 2020

Precisely controlled deuterium labeling at specific sites of N-alkyl drugs is crucial in drug-development as over 50% of the top-selling drugs contain N-alkyl groups, in which it is very challenging to selectively replace protons with deuterium atoms. With the goal of achieving controllable isotope-labeling in N-alkylated amines, we herein rationally design photocatalytic water-splitting to furnish [H] or [D] and isotope alkanol-oxidation by photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a polymeric semiconductor. The controlled installation of N-CH3, -CDH2, -CD2H, -CD3, and -13CH3 groups into pharmaceutical amines thus has been demonstrated by tuning isotopic water and methanol. More than 50 examples with a wide range of functionalities are presented, demonstrating the universal applicability and mildness of this strategy. Gram-scale production has been realized, paving the way for the practical photosynthesis of pharmaceuticals.
Structural and mechanistic basis of capsule O-acetylation in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
Authors: Fiebig Timm , Cramer Johannes T. , Bethe Andrea , Baruch Petra , Curth Ute , Führing Jana I. , Buettner Falk F. R. , Vogel Ulrich , Schubert Mario , Fedorov Roman , Mühlenhoff Martina
Published: September 2020

O-Acetylation of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) is critical for the induction of functional immune responses, making this modification mandatory for CPS-based anti-NmA vaccines. Using comprehensive NMR studies, we demonstrate that O-acetylation stabilizes the labile anomeric phosphodiester-linkages of the NmA-CPS and occurs in position C3 and C4 of the N-acetylmannosamine units due to enzymatic transfer and non-enzymatic ester migration, respectively. To shed light on the enzymatic transfer mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of the capsule O-acetyltransferase CsaC in its apo and acceptor-bound form and of the CsaC-H228A mutant as trapped acetyl-enzyme adduct in complex with CoA. Together with the results of a comprehensive mutagenesis study, the reported structures explain the strict regioselectivity of CsaC and provide insight into the catalytic mechanism, which relies on an unexpected Gln-extension of a classical Ser-His-Asp triad, embedded in an α/β-hydrolase fold.
Meron-like topological spin defects in monolayer CrCl3
Authors: Lu Xiaobo , Fei Ruixiang , Zhu Linghan , Yang Li
Published: September 2020

Noncollinear spin textures in low-dimensional magnetic systems have been studied for decades because of their extraordinary properties and promising applications derived from the chirality and topological nature. However, material realizations of topological spin states are still limited. Employing first-principles and Monte Carlo simulations, we propose that monolayer chromium trichloride (CrCl3) can be a promising candidate for observing the vortex/antivortex type of topological defects, so-called merons. The numbers of vortices and antivortices are found to be the same, maintaining an overall integer topological unit. By perturbing with external magnetic fields, we show the robustness of these meron pairs and reveal a rich phase space to tune the hybridization between the ferromagnetic order and meron-like defects. The signatures of topological excitations under external magnetic field also provide crucial information for experimental justifications. Our study predicts that two-dimensional magnets with weak spin-orbit coupling can be a promising family for realizing meron-like spin textures.
Realization of acoustic spin transport in metasurface waveguides
Authors: Long Yang , Zhang Danmei , Yang Chenwen , Ge Jianmin , Chen Hong , Ren Jie
Published: September 2020

Spin angular momentum enables fundamental insights for topological matters, and practical implications for information devices. Exploiting the spin of carriers and waves is critical to achieving more controllable degrees of freedom and robust transport processes. Yet, due to the curl-free nature of longitudinal waves distinct from transverse electromagnetic waves, spin angular momenta of acoustic waves in solids and fluids have never been unveiled only until recently. Here, we demonstrate a metasurface waveguide for sound carrying non-zero acoustic spin with tight spin-momentum coupling, which can assist the suppression of backscattering when scatters fail to flip the acoustic spin. This is achieved by imposing a soft boundary of the π reflection phase, realized by comb-like metasurfaces. With the special-boundary-defined spin texture, the acoustic spin transports are experimentally manifested, such as the suppression of acoustic corner-scattering, the spin-selected acoustic router with spin-Hall-like effect, and the phase modulator with rotated acoustic spin.
Investigation into the effect of divergent feed efficiency phenotype on the bovine rumen microbiota across diet and breed
Authors: McGovern Emily , McGee Mark , Byrne Colin J. , Kenny David A. , Kelly Alan K. , Waters Sinéad M.
Published: September 2020

The relationship between rumen microbiota and host feed efficiency phenotype, for genetically divergent beef cattle breeds is unclear. This is further exacerbated when different growth stages, chemically diverse diets and production systems are considered. Residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency, was calculated for individually fed Charolais (CH) and Holstein–Friesian (HF) steers during each of four 70-day (excluding adaptation) successive dietary phases: namely, high-concentrate, grass silage, fresh zero-grazed grass and high-concentrate again. Rumen fluid from the ten highest- (HRFI) and ten lowest-ranking (LRFI) animals for RFI, within breed, during each dietary phase was collected using a trans-oesophageal sampler and subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metabolic profiling. The datasets were analysed to identify microbial and rumen fermentation markers associated with RFI status. Age, dietary phase and breed were included in the statistical model. Within breed, for each dietary phase, mid-test metabolic weight and average daily gain did not differ (P > 0.05) between HRFI and LRFI steers; however, for the initial high-concentrate, grass silage, fresh grass herbage and final high-concentrate dietary phases, HRFI HF steers consumed 19, 23, 18 and 27% more (P < 0.001) than their LRFI counterparts. Corresponding percentages for CH HRFI compared to CH LRFI steers were 18, 23, 13 and 22%. Ten OTUs were associated with RFI (q < 0.05) independent of the other factors investigated. Of these Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Mogibacteriaceae and the genus p-75-a5 of Erysipelotrichaceae and were negatively associated (q < 0.05) with RFI. The results gave evidence that microbial species could potentially be an indicator of RFI in ruminants rather than broader microbiome metrics; however, further research is required to elucidate this association.
Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors
Authors: Klatt Wybke , Wallner Susanne , Brochhausen Christoph , Stolwijk Judith A. , Schreml Stephan
Published: September 2020

The proton-sensing GPCRs (pH-GPCRs) GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T-cell death associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1), and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein) are involved in sensing and transducing changes in extracellular pH (pHe). Extracellular acidification is a central hallmark of solid cancer. pH-GPCR function has been associated with cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and metastasis, as well as with modulation of the immune system. Little is known about the expression levels and role of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer. To better understand the functions of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer in vivo, we examined the expression-profiles of GPR4, TDAG8, OGR1 and G2A in four common skin tumors, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), compound nevus cell nevi (NCN), basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining on paraffin-embedded tissue samples acquired from patients suffering from SCC, MM, NCN or BCC. We show the expression of pH-GPCRs in four common skin cancers. Different expression patterns in the investigated skin cancer types indicate that the different pH-GPCRs may have distinct functions in tumor progression and serve as novel therapeutic targets.
TNFR1, TNFR2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and heparin binding protein in identifying sepsis and predicting outcome in an intensive care cohort
Authors: Bergquist Maria , Samuelsson Line , Larsson Anders , Tydén Jonas , Johansson Joakim , Lipcsey Miklos
Published: September 2020

To date no biomarkers can aid diagnosing sepsis with adequate accuracy. We set out to assess the ability of Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1 and 2, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Heparin binding protein (HBP) to discriminate sepsis from non-infected critically ill patients in a large ICU cohort, and to evaluate their value to predict mortality at 30 days. Adult patients admitted to the ICU with an arterial catheter were included. Clinical data and blood samples were prospectively recorded daily. Diagnoses were set retrospectively. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used. NGAL, TNFR1 and TNFR2 were higher in sepsis patients compared to other diagnoses, as well as in non-survivors compared to survivors. In addition, these biomarkers increased with increasing stages of acute kidney injury. TNFR1 and TNFR2 performed similarly to NGAL and CRP in identifying sepsis patients, but they performed better than CRP in predicting 30-day mortality in this ICU cohort. Thus, TNFR1 and TNFR2 may be particularly useful in identifying high risk sepsis patients and facilitate relevant health care actions in this group of sepsis patients.
Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory
Authors: Marin Bosch Blanca , Bringard Aurélien , Logrieco Maria Grazia , Lauer Estelle , Imobersteg Nathalie , Thomas Aurélien , Ferretti Guido , Schwartz Sophie , Igloi Kinga
Published: September 2020

Acute physical exercise improves memory functions by increasing neural plasticity in the hippocampus. In animals, a single session of physical exercise has been shown to boost anandamide (AEA), an endocannabinoid known to promote hippocampal plasticity. Hippocampal neuronal networks encode episodic memory representations, including the temporal organization of elements, and can thus benefit motor sequence learning. While previous work established that acute physical exercise has positive effects on declarative memory linked to hippocampal plasticity mechanisms, its influence on memory for motor sequences, and especially on neural mechanisms underlying possible effects, has been less investigated. Here we studied the impact of acute physical exercise on motor sequence learning, and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in humans, using a cross-over randomized within-subjects design. We measured behavior, fMRI activity, and circulating AEA levels in fifteen healthy participants while they performed a serial reaction time task before and after a short period of exercise (moderate or high intensity) or rest. We show that exercise enhanced motor sequence memory, significantly for high intensity exercise and tending towards significance for moderate intensity exercise. This enhancement correlated with AEA increase, and dovetailed with local increases in caudate nucleus and hippocampus activity. These findings demonstrate that acute physical exercise promotes sequence learning, thus attesting the overarching benefit of exercise to hippocampus-related memory functions.
A dietary anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside binds to PPARs to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in mice
Authors: Jia Yaoyao , Wu Chunyan , Kim Young-Suk , Yang Seung Ok , Kim Yeonji , Kim Ji-Sun , Jeong Mi-Young , Lee Ji Hae , Kim Bobae , Lee Soyoung , Oh Hyun-Seok , Kim Jia , So Min-Young , Yoon Ye Eun , Thach Trung Thanh , Park Tai Hyun , Lee Sung-Joon
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate the mechanism by which C3G, a major dietary anthocyanin, regulates energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Oral administration of C3G reduced hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels, adiposity, and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed high-fat diet. Hepatic metabolomic analysis revealed that C3G shifted metabolite profiles towards fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. C3G increased glucose uptake in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes and induced the rate of hepatic fatty acid oxidation. C3G directly interacted with and activated PPARs, with the highest affinity for PPARα. The ability of C3G to reduce plasma and hepatic triglycerides, glucose tolerance, and adiposity and to induce oxygen consumption and energy expenditure was abrogated in PPARα-deficient mice, suggesting that PPARα is the major target for C3G. These findings demonstrate that the dietary anthocyanin C3G activates PPARs, a master regulators of energy metabolism. C3G is an agonistic ligand of PPARs and stimulates fuel preference to fat.
Symbiotic fouling of Vetulicola, an early Cambrian nektonic animal
Authors: Li Yujing , Williams Mark , Harvey Thomas H. P. , Wei Fan , Zhao Yang , Guo Jin , Gabbott Sarah , Fletcher Tom , Hou Xianguang , Cong Peiyun
Published: September 2020

Here, we report the earliest fossil record to our knowledge of surface fouling by aggregates of small vermiform, encrusting and annulated tubular organisms associated with a mobile, nektonic host, the enigmatic Cambrian animal Vetulicola. Our material is from the exceptionally preserved early Cambrian (Epoch 2, Age 3), Chengjiang biota of Yunnan Province, southwest China, a circa 518 million-year old marine deposit. Our data show that symbiotic fouling relationships between species formed a component of the diversification of animal-rich ecosystems near the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, suggesting an early escalation of intimate ecologies as part of the Cambrian animal radiation.
Surface state modulation for size-controllable photodeposition of noble metal nanoparticles on semiconductors
Authors: Huang Lei , Liu Xiu , Wu Haocheng , Wang Xiuli , Wu Hongmin , Li Rengui , Shi Liyi , Li Can
Published: September 2020

The size distributions of noble metals on semiconductors can be precisely controlled by the photodeposition method with modulated surface states.
Folic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoprobes via a PAMAM dendrimer/SA-biotin mediated cascade-amplifying system for the efficient enrichment of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Sun Pingfeng , Xu Hengyi , Wang Zhifei
Published: September 2020

A new type of cascade-amplifying system for CTCs enrichment.
A multi-stimuli responsive ruthenium complex for catalytic water oxidation
Authors: Hirahara Masanari , Goto Hiroki , Yagi Masayuki , Umemura Yasushi
Published: September 2020

A ruthenium complex showing multi-stimuli-responsive isomerization was synthesized.
Pd/Xiang-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular carboheterofunctionalization of norbornene and norbornadiene
Authors: Tao Mengna , Li Wenbo , Zhang Junliang
Published: September 2020

A direct access to various chiral norbornane-fused dihydrofurans and dihydropyrroles is described, including the first example of asymmetric carboetherification of norbornene and norbornadiene.
Peritectic phase transition of benzene and acetonitrile into a cocrystal relevant to Titan, Saturn's moon
Authors: McConville Christina A. , Tao Yunwen , Evans Hayden A. , Trump Benjamin A. , Lefton Jonathan B. , Xu Wenqian , Yakovenko Andrey A. , Kraka Elfi , Brown Craig M. , Runčevski Tomče
Published: September 2020

Here we report the phase diagram of acetonitrile and benzene with the focus on a 1 : 3 acetonitrile : benzene cocrystal relevant to mineralogy of Titan, Saturn's moon.
Novel agaric-derived olive-like yolk–shell structured MnO@C composites for superior lithium storage
Authors: Zhu Lingfeng , Qu Yaohui , Huang Xiaoyun , Luo Jindi , Zhang Hai , Zhang Ze , Yang Zhenyu
Published: September 2020

An ingenious and effective biomass strategy has been designed to prepare unique hierarchical olive-like yolk–shell structured MnO@C composites, which realized outstanding electrochemical performances for lithium storage.
2,6,10-Triphenylenotriyne: a star-shaped trisaryne
Authors: Pozo Iago , Peña Diego , Guitián Enrique , Pérez Dolores
Published: September 2020

The synthesis and reactivity of an efficient precursor of a triphenylene-based trisaryne synthon is reported for the first time.
Influence of crystal packing on the thermal properties of cocrystals and cocrystal solvates of olanzapine: insights from computations
Authors: Surampudi Anuja Venkata Sai Durga , Rajendrakumar Satyasree , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Surov Artem O. , Voronin Alexander P. , Perlovich German L.
Published: September 2020

A multicomponent supramolecular host with adaptive guest accommodation abilities is observed in the cocrystal solvates of the olanzapine–hydroquinone system.
Mechanistic investigation of zinc-promoted silylation of phenylacetylene and chlorosilane: a combined experimental and computational study
Authors: Huang Pan , Liu Zhen , Shao Yunqi , Deng Shifeng , Liu Boping
Published: September 2020

Understanding the mechanism of zinc-promoted terminal alkyne silylation.
Selective oxidation of crotyl alcohol by AuxPd bimetallic pseudo-single-atom catalysts
Authors: Chivers Brandon A. , Scott Robert W. J.
Published: September 2020

Pseudo single-atom Pd catalysts dispersed in gold nanoparticle matrices show high selectivity and activity for room temperature crotyl alcohol oxidation.
Microneedle-based bioassays
Authors: Zhu Jixiang , Zhou Xingwu , Libanori Alberto , Sun Wujin
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes recent developments in microneedle-based bioassays.
Design and development of fluorescence-capable novel pyrazine-based polycyclic heteroaromatics for cellular bioimaging
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Sirohi Parul , Singh Neetu , Singh Ravi P.
Published: September 2020

Fluorescence-capable pyrazine-based polycyclic heteroaromatics for application in bioimaging were synthesized via a simple and concise methodology, and investigation of their fluorescence properties, including the effect of pH on the fluorescence behaviour, and MTT assays were carried out.
Oxygen-doped and nitrogen vacancy co-modified carbon nitride for the efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Guo Wenting , Zhai Yunpu , Jin Qianwei , Zhao Hao , Zhang Ruiqin , Liu Yonggang
Published: September 2020

Typical non-metallic semiconductor carbon nitrides (CNs) have enormous potential in the field of photocatalysis, but the easy recombination of the photo-generated charges severely limits their practical applications.
Synthesis of low dimensional hierarchical transition metal oxides via a direct deep eutectic solvent calcining method for enhanced oxygen evolution catalysis
Authors: Rong Kai , Wei Jiale , Huang Liang , Fang Youxing , Dong Shaojun
Published: September 2020

A direct DES calcining method is developed to prepare low-dimensional and highly active transition metal oxides (TMOs) for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction.
Charge accumulation resulting in metallization of II–VI semiconductor (ZnX X = O, S, Se) films neighboring polar liquid crystal molecules and their surface plasmonic response in the visible region
Authors: Su Hang , Wang Chao , Zhang Jingwen , Wang Yingce , Zhao Hua
Published: September 2020

Surface plasmon polaritons are excited at metalized semiconductor films surfaces with the help of highly polar and vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of layered SmCrS2−xSexO solid solutions
Authors: Xiao Yi , Zhang Xian , Wang Ruiqi , Zheng Chong , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2020

Layered SmCrS2−xSexO (x = 0–2) solid solutions were synthesized which show typical antiferromagnetic orderings.
Hofmeister effect in the Keggin-type polyoxotungstate series
Authors: Yao Sa , Falaise Clément , Ivanov Anton A. , Leclerc Nathalie , Hohenschutz Max , Haouas Mohamed , Landy David , Shestopalov Michael A. , Bauduin Pierre , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

The chaotropic character of Keggin-type polyoxotungstate anions was evaluated with respect to their ability to bind to γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) by varying the global charge density of the nanometer-sized polyanion.
Wash-free detection and bioimaging by AIEgens
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Zhang Ruoyao , Chen Chao , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2020

Herein, the latest progress of AIEgens for application in wash-free detection and bioimaging was reviewed.
High-sensitivity SERS based sensing on the labeling side of glass slides using low branched gold nanoparticles prepared with surfactant-free synthesis
Authors: Tezcan Tuğba , Hsu Chia-Hsien
Published: September 2020

High-sensitivity dopamine detection on aggregated low branched nanoparticles on labelling side of glass slide as a SERS based sensor.
Intriguing enigma of nitrobenzofuroxan's ‘Sphinx’: Boulton–Katritzky rearrangement or unusual evidence of the N-1/N-3-oxide rearrangement?
Authors: Micheletti Gabriele , Iannuzzo Leonardo , Calvaresi Matteo , Bordoni Silvia , Telese Dario , Chugunova Elena , Boga Carla
Published: September 2020

The first attempt to compare Boulton–Katritzky rearrangement with N-1/N-3-oxide tautomerism: formation of isomeric products in the reaction between 2-aminothiazoles and 7-chloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan.
Interpretation of the mechanism of 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diamino diphenylmethane synthesis over HY zeolites
Authors: Ruan Xiao , Wei Feng , Yang Li , Zhao Yingxian , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2020

Catalytic activities of zeolites HY, Hβ and HZSM-5 in the heterogeneous synthesis of 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (MOCA) from o-chloroaniline and formaldehyde were pre-screened in an autoclave, and HY demonstrated better performance than others.
DFT investigation of hydrogen atom-abstraction reactions of NHC-boranes by various carbon-centered radicals: barriers and correlation analyses
Authors: Qu Hong-jie , Yuan Lang , Jia Cai-xin , Yu Hai-tao , Xu Hui
Published: September 2020

Correlation analyses were performed for understanding hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions.
Coreduction methodology for immiscible alloys of CuRu solid-solution nanoparticles with high thermal stability and versatile exhaust purification ability
Authors: Huang Bo , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Nishida Yoshihide , Sato Katsutoshi , Nagaoka Katsutoshi , Haneda Masaaki , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

This study provides a coreduction methodology for solid solution formation in immiscible systems, with an example of a whole-region immiscible Cu–Ru system.
In situ SAXS studies of a prototypical RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation: monitoring the evolution in copolymer morphology during polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Czajka Adam , Armes Steven P.
Published: September 2020

In situ small-angle X-ray scattering is used to monitor the formation of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles during reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
Atomic level design of single iron atom embedded mesoporous hollow carbon spheres as multi-effect nanoreactors for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Shao Qinjun , Xu Lei , Guo Decai , Su Yan , Chen Jian
Published: September 2020

Single Fe atom embedded mesoporous hollow carbon spheres as multi-effect nanoreactors exhibit unprecedented cycling performance in a Li–S pouch cell.
Functional biobased hydrogels for the removal of aqueous hazardous pollutants: current status, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Godiya Chirag Batukbhai , Martins Ruotolo Luis Augusto , Cai Weiquan
Published: September 2020

Functionally modified natural materials based hydrogels were intensively reviewed for the adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes, pharmaceuticals and hazardous organic micropollutants in industrial effluents.
A dendrite-free zinc anode for rechargeable aqueous batteries
Authors: Jian Qinping , Wan Yuhan , Sun Jing , Wu Maochun , Zhao Tianshou
Published: September 2020

A functional polybenzimidazole nanofiber framework modified copper substrate was designed for dendrite-free Zn metal anodes.
Optimization of nonatitanate electrodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Alvarado Judith , Barim Gözde , Quilty Calvin D. , Yi Eongyu , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C. , Doeff Marca M.
Published: September 2020

NaTi3O6(OH)·2H2O, also known as “sodium nonatitanate” (NNT) can undergo reversible sodium (de)insertion at low potentials centered around 0.3 V.
Supramolecular hybrids of carbon dots and dihydroartemisinin for enhanced anticancer activity and mechanism analysis
Authors: Li Yawei , Shi Nianqiu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hong , Song Yu , Zhu Wenhe , Feng Xianmin
Published: September 2020

Schematic illustration of (a) the preparation of CDs–DHA and (b) their application for cancer therapy.
Enzyme mimics based on self-assembled peptides for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate degradation
Authors: Li Xia , Li Jianpeng , Hao Sijia , Han Ailing , Yang Yayu , Luo Xiaoyu , Fang Guozhen , Liu Jifeng , Wang Shuo
Published: September 2020

Enzyme mimics inspired by serine proteases are developed through self-assembled peptides to degrade di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).
High performance conjugated terpolymers as electron donors in nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Paleti Sri Harish Kumar , Gasparini Nicola , Chochos Christos L. , Baran Derya
Published: September 2020

Three pi-conjugated terpolymers based on the nonconventional molecular design strategy D1–D2–D1–A comprising two different multi-fused ladder-type arene electron-donating units and an electron-withdrawing unit are synthesized for organic photovoltaics.
Atomic layer deposition of high-κ layers on polycrystalline diamond for MOS devices: a review
Authors: Jaggernauth Aneeta , Mendes Joana C. , Silva Rui F.
Published: September 2020

Working in concert, diamond layers and high-κ films impart opportunities for high performance MOS devices. Optimization hinges on their interfacial quality inciting investigation into diamond surface terminations and ALD parameters to ensure success.
Facteurs prédictifs d’une lecture labiale fonctionnelle chez les adultes candidats à l’implantation cochléaire
Authors: Dorance Olivia , Scavarda Catherine , Ambert-Dahan Emmanuèle , Borel Stéphanie , Sterkers Olivier , Mosnier Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude était de rechercher les causes de variabilité dans les performances en lecture labiale chez les adultes
atteints de surdité évolutive, afin d’en dégager des facteurs prédictifs.

Méthodes : Les données de 232 patients présentant une surdité sévère à profonde ont été recueillies à partir des bilans orthophoniques
effectués dans le cadre de leurs bilans pré-implants. Les performances en lecture labiale ont été analysées en fonction du sexe, de l’âge,
du niveau d’études et de la durée de la surdité profonde.

Résultats : Les résultats montrent que les sujets plus âgés ont de moins bonnes performances en lecture labiale pour l’intégration
globale des informations verbales (mots dissyllabiques et phrases) mais pas pour la perception analytique. De plus, les femmes
obtiennent de meilleurs résultats aux tests de reconnaissance de phrases. Au total, l’analyse multivariée des facteurs prédictifs indique
un effet de l’âge sur l’acquisition d’une lecture labiale fonctionnelle, expliquant ainsi 6,7 % de la variance observée.

Conclusion : Cette étude confirme l’importante hétérogénéité des performances observée pour l’intégration visuelle de la parole avec
la lecture labiale chez les sujets adultes candidats à l’implantation cochléaire. L’ensemble de ces données confirme l’intérêt de futures
études portant sur l’évaluation des fonctions cognitives et exécutives telles que la mémoire, la flexibilité et l’attention impliquées dans
le développement de la lecture labiale.
The activation energy U(T,B) in high temperature superconductor
Authors: Labrag Abdelaziz , Bghour Mustapha , Abou El Hassan Ahmed , El Hamidi Habiba , Taoufik Ahmed , Laasri Said
Published: September 2020

It is reported in this paper on the thermally assisted flux flow in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-δ deposited by Laser ablation method on the SrTiO3 substrate. The resistivity measurements ρ (T, B) of the sample under various values of the magnetic field up to 14T in directions B∥ab-plane and B∥c-axis with a dc weak transport current density were investigated in order to determine the activation energy and then understand the vortex dynamic phenomena and therefore deduce the vortex phase diagram of this material. The apparent activation energy U0 (B) calculated using an Arrhenius relation. The measured results of the resistivity were then adjusted to the modified thermally assisted flux flow model in order to account for the temperature-field dependence of the activation energy U (T, B). The obtained values from the thermally assisted activation energy, exhibit a behavior similar to the one showed with the Arrhenius model, albeit larger than the apparent activation energy with ∼1.5 order on magnitude for both cases of the magnetic field directions. The vortex glass model was also used to obtain the vortex-glass transition temperature from the linear fitting of [d ln ρ/dT ] −1 plots. In the course of this work thanks to the resistivity measurements the upper critical magnetic field Hc2 (T), the irreversibility line Hirr (T) and the crossover field HCrossOver (T) were located. These three parameters allowed us to establish a phase diagram of the studied material where limits of each vortex phase are sketched in order to optimize its applicability as a practical high temperature superconductor used for diverse purposes.
Electrically-assisted mechanical clinching of AA6061-T6 aluminum to galvanized DP590 steel: effect of geometrical features on material flow and mechanical strength
Authors: Barimani-Varandi Abozar , Aghchai Abdolhossein Jalali
Published: September 2020

The mechanical clinching as an alternative joining process for fabricating lightweight aluminum to steel assemblies may face the challenges when joining low-ductility aluminum alloy to high-strength steel. Several researches have been focused on applying the electrically-assisted processes in various fields due to energy efficiency as well as practical simplicity, in order to improve the formability. This paper concentrates on the electrically-assisted mechanical clinching (EAMC) of AA6061-T6 aluminum to galvanized DP590 steel. To this end, a combination of experimental and numerical clinching tests was performed using extensible die at different penetration depths, in which controlling the material flow was obtained by applying newly defined chamfer ratioRCin order to guarantee the strong mechanical interlock. The joint section parameters, failure loads, and failure modes were measured. The effects of the geometrical features on material flow and mechanical strength of clinched joints were analyzed using a FE model. The results showed that the defined parameterRCgreatly increased the strength with the use of the EAMC process, which came with a reduction in forming load.
Considering Insulin Secretory Capacity as Measured by a Fasting
C-Peptide/Glucose Ratio in Selecting Glucose-Lowering
Medications
Authors: Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin , Peter Andreas , Gallwitz Baptist , Kellerer Monika , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Wagner Robert
Published: September 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease. Recently introduced new
subclassifications promise more efficacious, tailored treatments which could
complement current guidelines. In the differentiation of the new diabetes
subphenotypes, assessment of insulin secretion is one of the essential
components. Based on a large number of insulin secretion measurements, we
propose fasting C-peptide/glucose ratio (CGR) as an adequate and
practicable estimate of insulin secretion. CGR discriminates insulin deficiency
from insulin hypersecretion. We suggest using insulin secretion, determined from
CGR, as an essential input for therapeutic decisions at the beginning or
modification of diabetes treatment. Furthermore, we propose 3 practical steps to
guide decisions in the subtype-specific therapy of diabetes mellitus. The first
step consists of detecting insulin deficiency indicated by a low CGR with the
need for immediate insulin therapy. The second step is related to high CGR and
aims at lowering cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes. The third step is
the consideration of a de-escalation of glucose-lowering therapy in individuals
with mild diabetes subphenotypes.
Facial Blood Flow Responses to Dynamic Exercise
Authors: Hayashi Naoyuki , Kashima Hideaki , Ikemura Tsukasa
Published: September 2020

We reported previously that a static handgrip exercise evoked regional
differences in the facial blood flow. The present study examined whether
regional differences in facial blood flow are also evoked during dynamic
exercise. Facial blood flow was measured by laser speckle flowgraphy during
15 min of cycling exercise at heart rates of 120 bpm,
140 bpm and 160 bpm in 12 subjects. The facial vascular
conductance index was calculated from the blood flow and mean arterial pressure.
The regional blood flow and conductance index values were determined in the
forehead, eyelid, nose, cheek, ear and lip. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s
post-hoc test were used to examine effects of exercise intensity and target
regions. The blood flow and conductance index in skin areas increased
significantly with the exercise intensity. The blood flow and conductance index
in the lip increased significantly at 120 bpm and 140 bpm
compared to the control, while the values in the lip at 160 bpm did not
change from the control values. These results suggest that the blood flow in
facial skin areas, not in the lip, responds similarly to dynamic exercise, in
contrast to the responses to static exercise.
Extracorporeal Life Support as a Bridge to Surgery of Acute Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Tulun Aysun , Panholzer Bernd , Cremer Joachim , Haneya Assad
Published: September 2020

Background Postinfarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare but life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Surgery represents the treatment of choice. But the optimal timing for surgery is still under debate.

Case Description Here, we present the case of a 70-year-old female patient with an anterior postinfarction VSD leading to cardiogenic shock for whom we used a percutaneous implantation of an extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to surgery. After 10 days of ECLS therapy, surgical VSD repair was successfully performed.

Conclusion The strategy of delayed surgery may be a reasonable solution in selected patients with VSD complicating AMI.
Speech-Language Pathologists and Behavior Analysts: A Survey of Video Modeling Use and Perspectives
Authors: Cardon Teresa , Wynkoop Kaylee , Hawkins Paul M. , Pray Cassandra
Published: September 2020

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and board-certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) work with clients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In general, these practitioners support a variety of skills during treatment, including language, social skills, daily living, and academics. Video modeling (VM) is an intervention that is often used to improve skills (e.g., independent living, social, behavioral, academic) for clients with disabilities. It is unknown how SLPs and BCBAs are specifically using VM to support clients, including those with ASD. The primary purpose of this study was to use an existing perception scale to analyze SLPs' and BCBAs' perspectives on and use of VM. Results have indicated that while most practitioners have heard of VM and use it with clients, barriers related to training and video creation still exist. VM is still predominantly used in clinics and special education classrooms, indicating that this evidence-based strategy is being used, but more training and generalization support is needed.
Whole-Exome Sequencing in Idiopathic Short Stature: Rare Mutations Affecting Growth
Authors: Noorian Shahab , Khonsari Nami Mohammadian , Savad Shahram , Hakak-Zargar Benyamin , Voth Tessa , Kabir Koroush
Published: September 2020

Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is a common diagnosis of exclusion in patients with short stature (SS). In this article, we aimed to identify the genetic causes of SS in patients with ISS and investigate treatment options. Fourteen children with diagnosis of ISS were identified, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was subsequently conducted on blood-derived DNA. Five patients were correctly diagnosed with ISS and four had rare mutations that have not been previously reported. Four patients had mutations known to cause SS and one had a mutation that was known not to affect height. WES can help identify rare mutations implicated in ISS.
A quantum Markov chain approach to phase transitions for quantum Ising model with competing XY-interactions on a Cayley tree
Authors: Mukhamedov Farrukh , Barhoumi Abdessatar , Souissi Abdessatar , El Gheteb Soueidy
Published: September 2020

The main aim of the present paper by means of the quantum Markov chain (QMC) approach is to establish the existence of a phase transition for the quantum Ising model with competing XY interaction. In this scheme, the C*-algebraic approach is employed to the phase transition problem. Note that these kinds of models do not have one-dimensional analogs, i.e., the considered model persists only on trees. It turns out that if the Ising part interactions vanish, then the model with only competing XY-interactions on the Cayley tree of order two does not have a phase transition. By phase transition, we mean the existence of two distinct QMCs that are not quasi-equivalent and their supports do not overlap. Moreover, it is also shown that the QMC associated with the model has a clustering property, which implies that the von Neumann algebras corresponding to the states are factors.