bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psycho-autistic trauma of laura deighton in torey l. hayden’s overheard in a dream
Authors: Vennilaa K.P. , Beulah G.
Published: April 2022

Laura's autistic son Conor, whose ramifications have caused so much suffering, has irreversibly upset her. This paradigm commonly use theories of trauma's influence on the human psyche to examine an individual's experience of a collective traumatic event in a book, making a link between people's experiences and cultural groupings, or between the personal and public worlds. Trauma is an incomprehensible occurrence that shatters identity and eludes normal remembrance and narrative representation, and it has impacted the psyche of Laura, the protagonist. Conor's mood swings and oddities cause chaos in their lives, and they can't seem to get away from them. Conor's emotional instability eventually leads to her turbulent existence, which has an emotional and psychological consequence that cannot be rationalized. The narrative swiftly transitioned from a clinical case study of an autistic kid to a weird dream world in which the child's mother lived as a youngster. Torgon, her fictional character, is characterised by her awestruck visions, which cause her to get increasingly excited. Her strange behaviour was prompted by her recollections of her children and the sorrow of their existence.
Eco-feministic perspective of Kamala Markandaya in the Novel The Coffer Dams
Authors: Kukade Vinod Manoharrao
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the Eco-feministic views of Kamala Markandaya that she has expressed in her novels, which make her in the real sense a true Eco-feminist. The novel entitled The Coffer Dams (1969) is studied in this paper to find out her eco-feministic outlook. The focus is on comparing the qualities of the nature with the qualities of the women, the characters of Kamala Markandaya as true lovers and protectors of nature. It has been found that the chief character of this novel named Helen loves, respects, protects the nature and tries to consolidate her relationship with the animals, birds, flora and fauna and even she toils for making the people aware particularly her husband named Clinton the indispensability of the affectionate relationship of the man with nature. The novel unveils the men’s outlook towards the woman and the nature, their tendency of showing dominance over woman and the nature and how the woman is exploited at their hands and the nature is getting destructed by them. An analytical method is used to study the eco-feministic perspective of Kamala Markandaya in this novel.
Gender differences in coping strategies (ego defense mechanisms) among professional and non- professional degree courses of students
Authors: Senad Rajani Ramesh
Published: April 2022

Efforts have taken by an individual to reduce stress is coping. Ego defense mechanism play a very important role in our day to day life. The purpose of present study was to assess the coping strategies (Ego defense mechanism) on the basis of Gender (Male and Female) among professional and non professional degree courses of students. The present study deals with assessing the level of coping among 400 students in Aurangabad city. The Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI) by Dr. N. R. Mrinal and Dr. (Mrs) Uma Mrinal (1971). Data were analysed by using mean, standard deviation an 'f' test. The result revealed that the male students and the female students differ significantly in coping strategies. There is no significant difference between Professional and Non professional degree courses by students with respect to coping styles. There is significant interaction effects on Gender (Male and Female) and courses (Professional, (LL.B, B.E., B.Ed.) and Non professional degree (B.A., B.Com., B.Sc.) Courses of Students) with respect to coping.
impact of terrorism on trade and GDP growth with special reference to SAARC countries
Authors: Mhatre Nilesh S. , Karbhari Bhalachandra K.
Published: April 2022

In order to achieve a political or social goal, individuals or subnational groups may use violence or threaten to use violence in order to intimidate a large audience beyond the immediate victim. (Sandler, T., & Enders, W). The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) report 2020 states that the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) comprises approximately 170,000 terrorist occurrences from 1970 to 2019. In 2019, the economic impact of terrorism was estimated to be $US 33 billion. Terrorism cost the global economy $855 billion between 2000 and 2019. The total number of terrorist deaths fell 15% to 13,826 in 2019, marking the sixth consecutive year of reduction. This is a 59% decrease from the high in 2014, when 33,438 individuals were killed in terrorist strikes. South Asia suffered the most damage, followed by Central America and the Caribbean. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have both had the highest number of terrorist deaths of any region. South Asia experienced approximately 74,000 deaths between 2002 and 2019. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia had the greatest economic impact in 2019, with $12.5 billion and $5.6 billion, respectively. (GTI Report-2020).
Clinical features associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-COV2)
Authors: Abady Noor R , Al-Khafaji Zaytoon A. , Baay Ali S.
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted to isolation and identification of Aspergillus fumigatus. Isolated from immunocompromised patients with (Diabetes, Cancer) by different identification methods including direct examination, laboratory culture and electron microscopy. During the period from (July to September 2016), a total of 50 swab were collected from immunocompromised patients with attending to the in AL- Sadder Medical City (the Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology) and (Euphrates middle Center for cancer diseases). In AL-Najaf Governorate, the samples were collected as following: 30 swab from the eyes of cancer patients who were suffering from prostate, leukemia, stomach and intestines cancer, also 20 swabs from the ears of diabetic patients. The percentage of female to male was as following, 29 females (58%) males and 21 (42%). In this study, the results show that the incidence of aspergillosis in women was higher than the male. The results of the present study reveal that the prevalence of aspergillosis from patient with cancer was more than diabetes patients which was 18 (66.66%) and 9 (33.33%), respectively.
Isolation and identification of Aspergillus fumigatus from Immunocompromised patients in AL- Najaf Province
Authors: Jabber Ehab Y. , Al janabi Oday H. Kadhim , Al-khafaji Zaytoon A.
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted to isolation and identification of Aspergillus fumigatus. Isolated from immunocompromised patients with (Diabetes, Cancer) by different identification methods including direct examination, laboratory culture and electron microscopy. During the period from (July to September 2016), a total of 50 swab were collected from immunocompromised patients with attending to the in AL- Sadder Medical City (the Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology) and (Euphrates middle Center for cancer diseases). In AL-Najaf Governorate, the samples were collected as following: 30 swab from the eyes of cancer patients who were suffering from prostate, leukemia, stomach and intestines cancer, also 20 swabs from the ears of diabetic patients. The percentage of female to male was as following, 29 females (58%) males and 21 (42%). In this study, the results show that the incidence of aspergillosis in women was higher than the male. The results of the present study reveal that the prevalence of aspergillosis from patient with cancer was more than diabetes patients which was 18 (66.66%) and 9 (33.33%), respectively.
Carbon trading: A tool to control global warming
Authors: Tiwari Daya Shankar
Published: April 2022

In current scenario Global Warming has given rise to a new form of commerce i.e. the carbon trade. Carbon trading is advance format where firms or countries buy and sell carbon permits as part of a program to trim out carbon emission. It is a widespread method countries utilize in order to meet their obligations specified by international Kyoto Protocol (1997) of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; namely the reduction of carbon emissions in order to mitigate future climate changes. It specifically targets carbon dioxide calculated in terms of CO2 equivalent or CO2.  India signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in August 2002. Since India is exempted from framework of the treaty, it is expected to gain from the protocol in terms of transfer of technology and related foreign investments. India was an early player in the market and was doing well, but after the entry of China in 2005, it gradually out performed Indian the carbon market. The objective of the paper is to discuss the regulatory mechanism of carbon trading in international market with special reference to opportunities for the emissions market in Indian context.
A study on impact of international marketing on local and international players and its impact on consumers
Authors: Joshi Jasmine
Published: April 2022

In 21st century market, globalization and liberalization has opened new doors for the producers and the consumers both. Consumers are now well informed and well equipped with information and the producers on the other side have access to latest technology to reduce cost and improve quality for penetrating into the new market which has no hurdles of geographical boundaries. International marketing has become one of the important factors for success of the business. In the global market different kinds of marketing strategy is used for targeting the across range of country. This paper tries to analyze the impact of international marketing on local and international players and also study its impact on the consumers. The rationale of the study is to know which door (strategy) companies use to enter in the international market. Exploratory Research Method is used to study the impact of international marketing with the help of primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through questionnaire from the General Manager (Marketing) of various Multinational companies to study their strategies and Consumers view to study its impact.
Impact of an educational program on parents' knowledge about chelation therapy & nutrition of their children with beta thalassemia major
Authors: Atshan Riyadh Saad , Aziz Afifa Radha
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to determine the effect of an educational program on parents' knowledge about chelation therapy, and nutrition of their children with beta thalassemia major. A quasi experimental study was carried out at Thalassemia Center in Al-Najaf City during the periods 25 ͭ ͪ February 2021 to 15 ͭ ͪ March 2022. Non-probability (purposive) sample of (70) parents were selected from thalassemia center (38 mothers and 32 fathers).The result of the study findings indicate that education program about home health care management was highly effective on parents’ knowledge in the study group evidenced by high significance associated with “Greenhouse-Geisser” correction at p-value=0.001. Also there is a significant relationship between parents’ knowledge with regard to affected father with disease at p-value= .049.
effects of uncontrolled breeding’s on Iraqi horses conformation
Authors: Khames Abdumoneim Sabea , Al-Khazarajii Sinan A. N.
Published: April 2022

Due to the great importance of digital measurements of the conformation of the motor system in horses and the lack of a specialty center for higher cases, the purpose of this research was to form a specialized center for the conformation of the motor system in horses and depended on 60 horses of both sexes between the ages of 3 to 4 and a half years were employee for the body measurement in Iraqi equestrians club in Abu Ghraib and Iraqi equestrians Federation in Al Jadriya. The parameter which were used in this project angles measurement both fore and hind limb as well as the joint inclination. Therefore there were significant changes in the thoroughbred and Iraqi horses. To be concluded that angle inclination measurement can be used for horse evaluation.
interference of the native-speaking language in the English writing performance of Jordanian Universities students
Authors: Olimat Kholod Naser , AL-jamal Dina A. H.
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate the errors that students made in writing test in a private university in Jordan and mainly focuses on inter-lingual errors. This research has adopted qualitative methodology and analytical approach which  involves the assessment of  facts, evaluation of information and critical thinking to examine the data from the targeted respondents and get outcomes.Descriptive and inferential analysis tool were used in the study to provide meaningful and significant interpretation of the data gathered from the writing tasks, which helped to describe, summarize, and illuminate the data meaningfully and obtain more powerful analyses ,Therefore, inferential statistics in this study were used to get conclusions and inferences, The materials that are used in this study consist of 100 compositions test written by a group of Students ranging from 18 to 21 years  from Zarqa University  selected  using  a random sampling process, given forty-five minutes to accomplish a writing task between 200 to 250 words. Then, it collected from the participants for analysis.This study attempts to explore the major sources of errors occurred in the writing of EFL students.
Effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite and hydrogel on regeneration of transverse fracture of distal radius
Authors: Malik Zainab J. , Eesa M J.
Published: April 2022

Study's purpose of this study is to conduct synthesis and evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) with hydrogel locally magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPS) locally or intraperitoneally (IP) on the healing of the distal third radial fracture. Concentrations of MgONPs 200μg/ml, dissolved in 1 cc distilled water and the solution stirred by a stirrer for 10 min. HA 0.5 mg in 1ml hydrogel and the solution stirring at the vortex for 15 min. These materials were evaluated in vitro to ensure their suitability with the tissues. Seventy-five healthy adult male rabbits, aged about 1.5- 2 years old with average weighting  1.7- 2.3 Kg. B.W were used. Rabbits were divided into three groups randomly (n=25), group A (HA mixed hydrogel applied locally), group B (HA mixed with hydrogel and MgONPs applied locally) and group C (HA mixed hydrogel applied locally and MgONPs IP). Animals were anesthetized by i.m 40 mg/ kg B.W ketamine hydrochloride and 5mg/ kg B.W xylazine. A 5cm incision had made cranio-medially in the skin of the forelimb (right forelimb) and exposure radius and ulna. The macroscopic evaluation revealed that all groups at 2nd week showed bone reaction in different degrees.
Nurturing the young, building skilled based future
Authors: Enugala Ramadevi , Mally Samanth , Ankum Vinay Kumar , Trivedi Niraj
Published: April 2022

The manpower provides best parameter for any social community. Added to that if its young and intellectual the community will have added benefit. Using this manpower effectively and efficiently create better society for the future generations. India has the above qualities. Nurturing this talent from younger age and providing the correct atmosphere not only improve the communications skills, empathetic skill-oriented youth but also it gives opportunity for great leadership qualities. This article gives the standards in health care field with the help of mandatory volunteers’ ship program, in the society and hospitals.
Effect of berberine in comparison to metformin on the biophysical and biochemical parameters in diabetic albino Wistar rats
Authors: Padugupati Suhasini , Ramamoorthy S , Thangavelu Kumar , Sarma D V H S , Jamadar Deepak
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Diabetic endothelial dysfunction is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and upregulated proinflammatory and inflammatory mediators in the endothelial vasculature. Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Berberine, a natural alkaloid, on the oxidative stress, inflammation and its anti-oxidant effect in streptozotocin diabetic rats and to compare the effectiveness of FF with that of Metformin (Met) Material & Methods: This experimental animal study was conducted at animal house. The sample size included 174 albino wistar rats divided into 3 Groups, one control groups (C) Diabetic and untreated and two test groups. T1 Diabetic and treated with metformin 75 mg/kgwt/day) and T2 (T – Diabetics treated with Berberine(Ber) 100 mg/kgwt/day), with 58 rats in each group (29 male & 29 female). All the rats were treated with streptozotocin intra peritoneally and the diabetic state was induced.  T1 group was treated with metformin 75 mg/kg/wt/day. The T2 group of rats were treated with Berberine at a dose of 100 mg/kgwt/day. Blood sample was drawn from retro orbital plexus of animals and the biophysical and biochemical parameters were tested at an interval of 3, 6 and 12-months duration.
case report of a patient in adult care unit with diabetic foot
Authors: Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud
Published: April 2022

As the population ages and life expectancy increases, type 2 diabetes is more prevalent. Geriatric symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, depression, urine incontinence, falls, and polypharmacy, are common in seniors with diabetes mellitus. Elderly patients have a wide range of functional abilities, which means many unsolved concerns concerning diabetes care. The study's goal is to examine a patient in an adult care unit diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (DM2) 24 years ago. As with younger patients, the treatment of diabetes in the elderly focuses on hyperglycemia and associated risk factors. Patients' comorbid conditions and functional limitations must be considered while defining treatment goals. As a result, each patient's care should be tailored to their specific needs. When treating diabetes in senior individuals who are more susceptible to hypoglycemia, hypotension, and medication interactions, care should be taken to prevent these side effects. Management of various medical disorders is particularly critical since it impacts the capacity of these people to care for themselves.
Dual coding theory and its application in healthcare facility
Authors: Arora Bhanu , Giri Jagat Narayan
Published: April 2022

The gap between verbal and non-verbal learning has always been a task for trainers and finding new ways for the same. Dual Coding Theory as a theory has been quite popular for past several years but still has not yet made its place in the daily education concepts. This paper focuses on application of the concept of Dual Coding Theory in which visuals were integrated into the content delivery and pre & post session evaluation using questionnaire having visuals to bring down the cognitive load on the mind of learners when being introduced to a new concept. Learners were healthcare workers and administrative staff who belonged to diversified departments. Content delivery was on Radiation Safety in Healthcare Facility to which they could be directly or indirectly encountering during their course of working. Attendees were appreciative of the visual dynamic components (Hand Drawn Images on Digital/Physical White Boards) for ease of understanding, interactive delivery and real time evaluation tools.
Promotion of psychosocial wellbeing in new mothers through mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Authors: Patel Shweta , Chauhan Diwakar , Patnaik Ranjana
Published: April 2022

Physical wellness, mental wellbeing, psychological state (feelings, emotions, beliefs, perspectives), and social relationships (connections, behaviours, cultural values, and the influence of family, school, colleagues, and community) all have an impact on an individual's psychosocial well-being as stated by WHO. In order to understand the circumstances, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) involves mindful, walking, breathing smiling, indepth looking. accepting, love, compassion,  a need to alleviate pain and create happiness are always the benefits of being attentive, touching intimately the present moment. MBCT has evolved into something that can help with a variety of concerns which includes anxiety, stress, sadness, overwhelm, frustration as well as behavioural issues like anger control. It's also a great approach to live a more mindful life. MBCT therapists employ these strategies to teach clients how to break free from negative thought patterns that might lead to a depressed state, allowing them to battle depression before it takes hold. It's a method of being in the world as well as a practise. This study is planned as a quasi-experimental study to see if mindfulness training, which includes balanced nutrition, physical activity, self-care, positive affirmations, self-introspection, stress-relieving exercises, and meditation, can help new moms improve their psychological well-being.
effect of COVID-19 on micro RNA and therefore gene expression
Authors: Alquraishi Mohammed. K. S. , Alzeyadi Mohammad
Published: April 2022

After the scourge of the coronavirus invaded almost all of the world, they were infected with this epidemic, and therefore this has caused changes and variations within the corridors of living cells, which have transgressed to some organs and even systems, which were not spared most of the vital pathways and the natural interdependence that regulates natural activities. Some studies also indicate that the family of The coronavirus reached its claws to the skin of genes and gene expression, thus opening the doors of genetics and molecular bio to study and investigate everything that this nano creature might affect. Which has been used by many vaccines that did not intercede to withdraw terror from those who hear the term Covid 19. This study sheds light on the effect of Covid 19 on the microRNA, which shows the extent of the disease's impact on this indicator that regulates gene expression, which consequently causes an imbalance in gene expression.we will review research that examined the relationship between covid 19 and its effect on the micro RNA and findings of it.
Mimicking human antidepressant activity in Swiss Albino Mice using Madhuca Longifolia
Authors: Neha Munot , Suraj Patil , Abhinandan Patil , Neeta Rai , Ujjwala Kandekar , Shweta Ghodake
Published: April 2022

The present study was evaluated to screen the antidepressant potential of Madhuca longifolia in different animal models like forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test(TST), reserpine induced hypothermia (RIH).  Adult swiss albino mice weighing 25- 30 gm.Standard drug used in above study was Fluoxetine(10mg/kg,p.o). The antidepressant activity of Madhuca longifolia was compared to the standard drug. The model shows closely mimics symptoms & signs of human depression. The high dose of Madhuca longifolia showed extremely high significant values over standard drugs with a decrease in immobility and ptosis. The results obtained in the present study suggest that Madhuca longifolia proves to be a potential therapeutic drug for treating depression along with anti-inflammatory, anti-psoriatic and antioxidant activity.
Laproscopic versus open ventral hernia repair
Authors: Gajera Darshan , Bhanawat Shalin , Gurjar Vipul , Maharaul Honeypalsinh H. , Gandhi Jenit P
Published: April 2022

Background: Ventral hernia is second most common type of abdominal hernia after inguinal hernia. Treatment includes anatomical repair, meshplasty: onlay, sublay, preperitoneal etc. Evaluation of laparoscopic hernia repair has led to new benchmark for ventral hernia repair. This study aims to compare laparoscopic ventral hernia repair versus open repair. Methods: Total 30 patients were enrolled in this study who presented to Dhiraj hospital pipariya. Detailed history was taken and patient were randomly divided in to 2 groups. Results: There were 22 females and 8 male patients in this study. Mean age was 42.4 years. Mean operative time in laparoscopic surgery was 80.25± 2.43 minutes versus 60±3.44 minutes. Mean hospital stay in laparoscopic was 3.5 days versus 5.5 days in open hernia repair. Conclusion: Laparoscopic meshplasty is better than open repair in terms of early recovery, less pain, minimal scar, early return to work.
An impact of three dimensional techniques in virtual reality
Authors: Preethi C , Sathik M Mohamed , Nisha S Shajun
Published: April 2022

Three dimensional (3D) imaging play a prominent role in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and post-therapeutic monitoring of patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) or mitral valve disease. More interactive and realistic medical experiences take an advantage of advanced visualization techniques like augmented, mixed, and virtual reality to analyze the 3D models. Further, 3D printed mitral valve model is being used in medical field. All these technologies improve the understanding of the complex morphologies of mitral valve disease. Real-time 3D Echocardiography has attracted much more attention in medical researches because it provides interactive feedback to acquire high-quality images as well as timely spatial information of the scanned area and hence is necessary for intraoperative ultrasound examinations. In this article, three dimensional techniques and its impacts in mitral valve disease are reviewed. Specifically, the data acquisition techniques, reconstruction algorithms with clinical applications are presented. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art approaches are discussed in detail.
The best paradigm for nursing research
Authors: Velázquez María del Rosario Herrera , Macías María Liliana Calderón , Alvia Aida Monserratec Macías , Estrella Alfredo Dencel Macías , Sequera David Marinely
Published: April 2022

Reflects on the best approach of the paradigms in nursing research, which allows human phenomena to emerge and through them generate knowledge for this discipline. The systematic review was carried out of 25 documents, analyzing the hermeneutical positivist and interpretive approach to nursing research. According to the analyzed documents and in knowledge of the multiplicity and multidimensionality of phenomena related to the care of the human health experience, which is the object of study of nursing, one of these two paradigms could not be qualified as the best, since it would be foolish accepting one of them or thinking that one is better than another, even more so at the time science is currently going through. Paradigms will quantitative or positivist and qualitative or interpretive hermeneutic prevail to the extent that nursing science requires it.
¿Es posible el diálogo entre la economía ecológica y la economía solidaria?
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez D. T. , Barbosa Pérez E. M.
Published: April 2022

El objetivo general del presente artículo de reflexión es responder   la pregunta problema ¿Es posible el diálogo entre la economía ecológica y la economía solidaria? La metodología es de corte cualitativo y el método de revisión documental por matrices que tiene como propósito identificar las divergencias y convergencias de los autores. La hipótesis central es que, aunque son corrientes distintas y tienen objeto de estudios desiguales, sí presentan algunos procesos en común que pueden desarrollar diálogos para responder a las problemáticas del siglo XXI desde el área de las Ciencias Sociales, específicamente desde la Economía. Uno de esos puntos puede ser la educación como pivote del desarrollo social y económico, en virtud de que, antes de ser los humanos seres sociales, son biológicos, luego toda actividad ejercida por los homos sapiens sapiens tiene un costo biofísico, ya que toda acción humana se hace con y a través de la naturaleza.
Accessibility of Inclusive Classrooms and Competences of Students with Special Educational Needs in Basic Education Classrooms in Rwanda
Authors:   Open University Tanzania, Mugiraneza Faustin
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of accessibility of inclusive classrooms practices and competences of students with special educational needs in basic education classrooms in Rwanda. Specifically, this research paper analyzed age, number of students, provision of the equal opportunity to all students with and without disabilities, minimization of the long journey done by students with disabilities and student with impairments. Examining the inclusive practices, the researcher would identify whether students with disabilities had facilities for an effective learning such as; the availability of braille machines to help students with visual impairments learning successfully, students with and without disability have access to smart classrooms for developing competences in basic education classrooms in Rwanda. Thus, teaching and learning methods will improve effective learning in sampled schools. The research methodology for this study consisted of a descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample size of 166 respondents was calculated using Slovene’s formula. Both purposive and simple random sampling and stratified random sampling were adopted. Results were analyzed in accordance with specific objectives. Based on the findings, 73.8% of students strongly agreed that despite their age they were allowed to enroll in basic education schools, 80.2% of students strongly agreed that the number of students enrollment was increased, 77.8% strongly agreed that they are given equal opportunity to learning activities, 72.2% of students strongly agreed that there was a minimized long journey to schools, while, 69.8% of strongly agreed that they have braille machines. Finally, 74.6% students strongly agreed that in basic education inclusive classrooms, the use of ICT made them innovative and competent students. Results showed that 64.0% of teachers strongly agreed that their schools and classrooms have paths where wheelchairs can pass, 44.0% of teachers strongly agreed that their schools have toilet of students disabilities, of 34.0% of teachers strongly agreed that they have counselor or nurse who provide student with guidance, counseling. It was shown that the use of sign language was statistically affecting literacy learning skills for children with special educational needs since the p value is less than 0.05 (B=0.261; p value =0.068). Finally, practical exercises was statistically significant with Creativity of SEN (B=0. 231; p value=0. 060). Keywords: Accessibility of Inclusive Classrooms, Basic Education Classroom, Students’ Competences; Students with Special Educational Needs.
The Problematic Confrontation of "Us" with the Other: One Dream and Multiple Interpretations
Authors: Azarpanah Sayeh , Maktoum Maedeh
Published: April 2022

"Stranger, talk! Tell me, what should I do to awaken Iranians?" This question from Abbās Mirzā clearly portrays an encounter between Iranians and “the other” at the beginning of Iran's modern age. The Stranger is assumed to hold some kind of truth, the revelation of which would lead to the awakening of Iranians. This article considers an Iranian "we" that arises from imaginative confrontations with “the other”, beginning with Akhundov's Maktūbat and tracing "our" imagination up to the 1979 revolution. The 1979 revolution was a unique turning point in the life of "our" dream; its strange difference made “the other” interested to ask, with Foucault: “What are the Iranians dreaming about?” Foucault’s account of the Iranian dream has often been criticized. In favor of the "spirituality" of the revolutionary events, he separated spirituality from violence, and even considered the violence of revolution inevitable. As the fundamentalist government that longed for the Islamic Caliphate continued using violence, the dream turned into a nightmare and Foucault no longer pursued his discussion. To better understand this nightmare, the article examines the 2009 protests in Iran and focuses on Nikfar's argument around "religious truth" that emerges in prison. The article concludes by relating the 1979 revolution and 2009 protests to Žižek’s reading of the “Iranian event”, and argues that the emancipatory potential of Islam should not be ignored because of its violence.
The evolution of gender discourse in modern Iran
Authors: Yaghoobi Claudia
Published: April 2022

Historically, Iranian women have endeavoured to access public spaces in society in various ways. During the Pahlavi era, women practically participated in national debates on gender and family protection law reform. At the time, a number of factors – from the unveiling decree to women’s increasing presence in public spaces to the encouragement and promotion of norm-based socialization – caused disruption in all-male spaces of society. Although modernity and social changes between 1900 and 1979 led to the establishment of heterosexuality as the fundamental norm of society, the Islamic Republic has always sought to rebuild a gender-apartheid society. The regime has always been involved in shaping the discourses of sexuality and gender through the imposition of the hijab, the reversal of reforms related to the family protection law, and the endorsement of polygamy and temporary marriage. Whereas the Islamic Revolution transformed women’s status in society four decades ago, today Iranian women are revolutionizing with a determined and calm desire for sexual and physical independence. In today’s Iran, mothers and daughters from different socio-economic backgrounds are fighting together for equality and freedom of choice.
The Fourteenth SH Century and the Challenges of Muslim Intellectuals
Authors: Mottaghi Mohsen
Published: April 2022

This article addresses the rise of the Muslim intellectual movement in the 14th SH century in the context of contemporary Iranian history. To better understand the Muslim intellectual movement during this time, we will examine four generations of Muslim intellectuals whose main concern has been to rethink the Islamic system of thought in order to adapt it to the values of the modern world. The purpose of this article is to highlight the close relationship between the Muslim intellectual movement and social developments in Iran.
From Bedrooms to Streets: The Rise of a New Generation of Independent Iranian Women
Authors: Afary Janet
Published: April 2022

The image of Iran in the global media is that of an ever-expanding authoritarian regime, determined to hold on to its ideological foundations as they were articulated in 1979. However, beneath the surface profound shifts are taking place in Iranian society, particularly in the institution of marriage and sexuality–changes that threaten the core principles of the regime and have substantially weakened its ideological appeal. While the Iranian media presents these changes as highly negative and destructive, in many cases they have also released women from the shackles of outdated notions of “morality” and “propriety,” and made it possible for them to emerge as leaders in the unrelenting grassroots protests against the authoritarian regime. This article looks at some of these shifts in the last decade and the ways in which they continue to threaten the ideological fabric of a regime that has built its legitimacy on old notions of justice, gender segregation, family values, and supposed piety and morality.
Jamshid Behnam, Narrator of Loneliness, Violence and Crises
Authors: Manafzadeh Ali Reza
Published: April 2022

Ali Reza Manafzadeh, during his speech at the funeral of Jamshid Behnam, a prominent Iranian sociologist, focused on the writings and themes of his research works. In this article Manafzadeh interprets the position and importance of Behnam’s works in the historical context in which they were written. He concludes that sociological readings of Jamshid Behnam are essential in order to understand the current Iranian society. Behnam’s works not only provide researchers with valuable methodological insights, but his analysis and conclusions can form the basis for deductive studies of current sociologist.
A Historical Study of the Iranian Queer Non-movement
Authors: Kiani Shahram
Published: April 2022

This article applies critical discourse analysis and content analysis as a method of data analysis to queer discourses from Iran over the last three decades. "Orthodox discourse" and "heterodox discourse” are studied from historical, ontological, epistemological, and executive perspectives. The author also uses the model of historical sociology. The first part of the article addresses a theoretical study of the concepts of movement and non-movement. In the second part of the article an overview of the history of pre-modern sexuality and modernization in Iran is presented. In the third part of the article, while narrating the historical events after the 1979 revolution, the author examines the gradual formation of an orthodox discourse in the field of Iranian sexuality, first in the Iranian diaspora, and then in relation to domestic activists. The final section of the article provides an overview of heterodox discourse as a critical discourse in this area.
14th SH Century, Century of Education: Lessons Learned, Not learned, and Mislearned
Authors: Paivandi Saeed , Nikfar Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2022

Education is one of the manifestations of modernity, as well as being a context for, and promoter of, modernity. The 14th SH century in Iran is a century in which the institution of education was transformed. Yet, this transformation was not due to a critical break with the past, but as a result of both being alienated by the past, as well as continuing elements of it. In this article Mohammad Reza Nikfar discusses these dynamics with Saeed Paivandi, a professor of sociology in France who specializes in education.
My Encounters with the Question of Iranian Identity
Authors: Ashraf Ahmad
Published: April 2022

In encountering the question of Iranian identity form my early childhood years to the present, I have been drawn to, struggled with, and ultimately abandoned both the “romantic Achaemenid nationalist” and the “critical modernist” approaches to fundamental aspects of Iranian culture. Instead, I have proposed a “historicizing” perspective that makes a clear distinction between Iranian identity (iraniyat) as a historical entity, on the one hand, and, on the other, “Iranian national identity” as a modern construct that cannot not be applied retrospectively to the historical past. This approach acknowledges the rise of “civic nations” as a product of modernity, but rejects the disjuncture between a people’s history and their contemporary cultural identity. In the case of Iran, I have argued that, while modern conceptions of “Iranian national identity” were subjectively and retrospectively constructed from ancient myths, symbols, and collective memories, they are in fact re-constructions of historical identities that are based on verifiable ethnolinguistic and territorial ties.
The characteristics of the continuously-recorded mechanical power and its associated clinical outcomes in medical patients with respiratory failure (CORE POWER) study: The protocol of prospective observation study.
Authors: Kasemchaiyanun Akarawut , Junhasavasdikul Detajin , Theerawit Pongdhep
Published: April 2022

Background: The amount of energy delivered from the ventilator applied to the lungs within a given timeframe, is defined as mechanical power (MP). Recently, low MP is one of the new concepts in lung-protective ventilation strategies that may associate with survival benefit. However, measuring MP requires additional calculations not being carried-out in usual clinical care and the reports about MP were mostly a cross-sectional data. The real-time changes or dynamic data of MP was scarcely reported. Our objective is to investgate the association between the dynamic changes of MP and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Methods: This will be a prospective, observational study performed in a single center. Adult patients admitted to medical intermediate and intensive care units who requiring invasive mechanical ventilation will be consecutively enrolled. The patients’ ventilators will be connected to the specific investigator’s computer system for continuously real-time data recording for at least 24 hours. The primary outcome is in-hospital mortality.

Hypothesis: We hypothesize that excessive mechanical power during mechanical ventilation contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury, thus real-time continuously mechanical power monitoring may reduce adverse events associated with mechanical ventilation.

Ethic: The study protocol has been approved by the Institution Review Board of Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand (No. MURA2021/680).

Trial registration: TCTR20220202010
The Masculine and The Feminine in Arabic and the Illusion of the Unnecessary Proliferation of Words
Authors: Alkrarha Abdallah Mohammad
Published: April 2022

This research investigates masculine and feminine in Arabic, aiming at highlighting the formal and semantic limits set by Arab linguists for each of them. Two further issues constitute the aim of this research: the first: the reality of the formal indicators of feminization, and the extent of their conformity with reality, The second is to explain the cause of the existence of these formal signs and to refute the idea of classical linguists that they came to restrict the proliferation of words. This research aims to clarify these elements associated with the idea of femininity in Arabic, and to indicate whether the masculine was originally feminine or not? And spot some formal masculinization as signs of femininity. The research reached a set of results, most notably that the formal signs of the feminine were not strict to the extent adopted by the classical Arab linguists; some Arabic signs of masculinization are not addressed by the classical linguists. It also concluded that the issue of unnecessary proliferationof words was not a suitable cause for the presence of signs of femininity, as the language is not incapable of generating words, nor burdened by it.
Learner Engagement and Satisfaction in the Online Mathematics Course: The Experience of a Private Philippine University
Authors: Ramos Romell A. , Carandang Elizabeth Socorro P. , Pante Teresita O.
Published: April 2022

Institutions of higher learning had to adopt a flexible learning delivery due to the threat of the global health crisis in 2020. Taking advantage of the technological affordances, many universities and colleges implemented the online learning modality. However, teachers and students found themselves overwhelmed with issues of quality assurance and outcomes of online teaching and learning. In this descriptive research study, the university students’ feedback on their engagement and satisfaction in the online mathematics courses was analyzed to get a perspective on successful online learning implementation. The mediation analysis on the responses of 512 university students on a 35-item researcher-made questionnaire showed that the university students were engaged and satisfied with their online mathematics courses. The design factor had a significant effect on learner engagement and satisfaction. The human factor has a significant impact on learner engagement but no significant effect on learner satisfaction. The structural equation model further revealed that learner engagement fully mediates the relationship between human factor and learner satisfaction while partially mediating the relationship between design and learner satisfaction. The results strongly assert the need for efficient and effective instructor knowledge and facilitation, more significant class interaction, and engaging use of technology in online mathematics courses to increase learner satisfaction.
From Face-to-Face to Online Learning in the Blink of an Eye: The Impact of Switching to Virtual Education on University Professors and Students’ Performance and Emotional Health
Authors: Hernández-Coló María Rosario , Hernández Xóchitl
Published: April 2022

The only assertion that can be made about the future of humanity after the global COVID-19 pandemic is that it will never be the same. All aspects of our life, whether personal, social, professional, or academic have been affected. Considering this, teachers, education authorities and students will have to reevaluate our tasks and roles as key participants in the education process. This quantitative and exploratory study aims to know the opinion of a non-probabilistic sample of 46 professors and 43 students of six different majors in a public Mexican university, regarding the change in the teaching modality as a result of the global pandemic, in order to point out the impact this change has had on the teaching and learning processes, as well as on the emotional health of the samples. It was found that teachers introduced new technologies in their courses to interact, present content, and collaborate. Students had to adapt to the new modality and the challenges implied in online learning. Both populations expressed those considerable changes in the daily routines occurred as well as a significant increase in the time dedicated to work and study. Similarly, the study revealed that learners experienced a negative impact of these conditions on their academic performance. It is also concluded that in order to be able to determine the efficacy of the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies and the actual impact of the emotional state of the population on the learning and teaching process, further research will be necessary.
Low frequency modes in summer monsoon circulation over India
Authors: DE US , CHATTERJEE SN , RAY KCSINHA
Published: April 2022

In recent years there has been a large number of investigations on the structural features of 30-60 day oscillations during the summer monsoon of the southeast Asia. However, most of the investigations are based on the 1979 MONEX data. In the present investigation, the nature of this near 40-day mode has been studied using a comprehensive data set for SIX years over the Indian sub-continent. The study reveals that the periodicity of this mode has a significant inter-annual variability and during the same year it has a strong spatial dependence. Finally the limitations of the use of this mode in foreshadowing the changes of summer monsoon circulations over India have been discussed.
Vulnerability assessment of kharif rainfed sorghum to climate change in SAT regions of India
Authors: K. BOOMIRAJ  , S. MARIMUTHU  , SUHAS P. WANI  , S. RAVIKUMAR  , MANIKANDAN  , S. TANI
Published: April 2022

This paper presents results of Info Crop model evaluation in terms of its validation, sensitivity impact and adaptation of sorghum to climate change in semi arid tropics (SAT) regions of India. The model has reasonably predicted phenology, crop growth yield. Sorghum crop was found to be sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and temperature. Future climate change scenario analysis showed that sorghum yields are likely to reduce at Akola, Anantpur, Coimbatore and Bijapur. At Kota the sorghum yield is likely to increase at 2020 and no change at 2050 and yield will reduce at 2080. The increase in yield at Gwalior and Kota at 2020 is due to reduction in maximum temperature and increase in rainfall from current. Adoption of adaptation measure like one irrigation (50mm) at 40-45 days after sowing would be better adaptation strategies for rainfed kharif sorghum with existing varieties in the selected location of the SAT regions.