bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Determinants of Prescribing for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Orayj Khalid , Lane Emma
Published: November 2019

Since the discovery of levodopa (L-dopa) in 1967, the range of medications available to treat Parkinson’s disease has increased significantly and guidance on the use, efficacy, and safety of these medications has evolved. To assess levels of adherence to national prescribing guidelines and awareness of changes in the efficacy and safety data published in the profiles of medications for the treatment of PD, we have reviewed studies on patterns and determinants of prescribing PD medications conducted in the last 50 years (since the discovery of L-dopa). A systematic literature review was conducted using EMBASE (1967 to March, 2018), Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL (1967 to March 16, 2018), PsycINFO (1967 to the 2nd week of March, 2018), and PubMed to identify all studies measuring prescribing patterns of PD medication between 1967 and 2017. Study design, source of data, country, year of study, number of patients and/or prescriptions, unit of analysis, prescribing determinants, and percentage utilisation of PD medications were extracted where possible. 44 studies examining prescribing patterns and/or prescribing determinants across 17 countries were identified. Unsurprisingly, L-dopa was the most commonly prescribed medication in all studies, accounting for 46.50% to 100% of all prescriptions for PD. In several studies, the prescribing rate of ergot-derived dopamine agonists (DAs) decreased over time in concordance with guidance. In contrast, the prescribing rates of non-ergot DAs increased over the last ten years in most of the included studies. In examining prescribing factors, two major categories were exemplified, patients’ factors and prescribers’ factors, with patients’ age being the most common factor that affected the prescription in most studies. In conclusion, L-dopa is now the most commonly prescribed medication for cases of PD but there is large variation in the prescribing rates of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, amantadine, and anticholinergics between countries. New studies examining the effects of recent clinical trials and measuring the prescribing rates of newly approved medications are warranted.
Antidepressive Effects of Kamishoyosan through 5-HT1AReceptor and PKA-CREB-BDNF Signaling in the Hippocampus in Postmenopausal Depression-Model Mice
Authors: Shimizu Shoko , Ishino Yugo , Takeda Takashi , Tohyama Masaya , Miyata Shingo
Published: November 2019

Females are well known to suffer disproportionately more than males from stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, especially during perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. In addition to a decline in serum estradiol levels, environmental stress and social stress likely contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Kamishoyosan (KSS) is a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, composed of a specified mixture of 10 crude compounds derived from plant sources, widely used for various neuropsychiatric symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying KSS-mediated attenuation of neuropsychological symptoms and stress-response behaviors in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women remain unknown. In the present study, we first established a mouse model for postmenopausal depression-like signs using chronic water-immersion and restraint-stressed ovariectomized (OVX) mice to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of KSS. We found that continuous administration of KSS to these mice normalized the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, ameliorated stress-induced depressive behavior, and prevented a decrease of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. As previous studies have implicated dysfunction of the hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) in depressive disorders, we also evaluated the effect of KSS on 5-HT1AR expression and the protein kinase A- (PKA-) cAMP response element-binding- (CREB-) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in the hippocampus in this model. The level of 5-HT1AR in the hippocampus decreased in chronic stress-exposed OVX mice, while KSS treatment normalized the stress-induced decrease in 5-HT1AR expression in the hippocampus of chronic stress-exposed OVX mice. Furthermore, we found that KSS treatment upregulated the expression levels of phosphorylated PKA (p-PKA), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), and BDNF in the hippocampus in chronic stress-exposed OVX mice. These results suggest that KSS improves neuropsychiatric symptoms through 5-HT1AR and PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling in the hippocampus in postmenopausal women.
Usefulness of Serum Calcium in the Risk Stratification of Midterm Mortality among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gu Xingbo , Ding Xiaotong , Sun Hongna , Chen Ningning , Liu Dandan , Sun Dianjun , Wang Shu
Published: November 2019

Serum calcium has been reported to be a predictor of short-term prognosis; however, evidence regarding its association with midterm mortality is scarce. We investigated the association between serum calcium levels at admission and midterm mortality in a retrospective cohort of 2594 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from November 2014 to December 2016. Patients were assigned to 4 groups according to the quartiles of serum calcium levels (Ca-Q1–4) and were followed longitudinally for the time to all-cause death. During a median follow-up period of 21.8 months (17.5∼29.5, IQR), 124 patients died (4.8%) of all causes. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the incidence of midterm mortality differed significantly (log-rank P=0.038) among the quartiles of serum calcium levels at admission. After adjustment for the confounders that were significant in the univariate analysis, the hazard ratios for the lowest quartile of serum calcium was 1.86 (95% CI, 1.05–3.31; P=0.033), compared with the third quartile (reference group). A multiple restricted cubic spline regression model suggested a reverse J-shaped association between serum calcium levels and midterm mortality, and the lowest risk of mortality was associated with approximately 2.32 mmol/l of serum calcium. In conclusion, the serum calcium level is an independent predictor of all-cause midterm mortality among ACS patients. Patients with abnormal serum calcium levels at admission need more targeted treatments.
Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Modeling of the Electrocoagulation Processes in Nonisothermal Conditions
Authors: Safonyk Andrii , Prysiazhniuk Olena
Published: November 2019

The paper suggests an approach to modeling the electrocoagulation process that is based on the generalization of the equations of incompressible fluid flow in nonisothermal conditions. In the model was taking into account the ratio between the values of the parameters which characterize the domination of convective and mass-exchange components of the process over diffusion. An asymptotic approximation of solutions of corresponding boundary value problems is constructed. Based on the received solutions, we conducted a computer simulation of the process of distribution of iron concentration inside the reactor that allows predicting various hydrodynamic phenomena such as internal recirculation and dead zones that affect the formation of a coagulant. The influence of current strength on the concentration of the target component at the exit from the reactor was investigated using the developed mathematical model. In addition, our findings also show the effect of the rate of heat formation from the electrodes on the efficiency of obtaining of coagulant.
Measurement of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Cirrhotic Patients with Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Authors: Huang Xiaoquan , Thansamay Souksavanh , Yang Kaiqi , Luo Tiancheng , Chen Shiyao
Published: November 2019

Background and aims. This study aimed to detect exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) level in cirrhotic patients and explore the correlation between eNO levels and the severity of cirrhosis. Methods. Patients were enrolled to analyze the relationship of eNO with noncirrhosis, cirrhosis, and complications of decompensated cirrhosis. We explored the potential predictive values of eNO in different states of cirrhosis. Results. The eNO levels were significantly increased in cirrhotic patients compared with noncirrhotic patients (14 (10–18) vs 8 (6–13) ppb, P<0.001). The eNO level was increased in those with ascites (15 (14–22) vs 13 (10–18) ppb, P=0.026), with portal vein thrombosis (19.5 (11.75–22) vs 13.5 (10–17) ppb, P=0.032), or with the mucosal red-color sign of esophageal and gastric varices (EGV) (16.5 (10–21.75) vs 13 (10–14.75) ppb, P=0.041). Among cirrhotic patients undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement, the eNO level was significantly increased in the high-HVPG group (HVPG >12 mm Hg) compared with the low-HVPG group (6 mm Hg ≤ HVPG ≤ 12 mm Hg) (15 (11.75–19.25) vs 10 (8–14) ppb, P=0.011). Conclusions. The eNO level was increased in cirrhotic patients, especially in those complicated with ascites, portal vein thrombosis, mucosal red-color sign of varices, and high HVPG.
On the identity of Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968 (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Authors: Ferreira Luciane Augusto De Azevedo , Tavares Marcos
Published: November 2019

Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968, described from southeastern Brazil (São Sebastião, São Paulo), is morphologically similar to the eastern Atlantic P. platycheles (Pennant, 1777), and also to the west African P. africana Chace, 1956. The synonymy between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. platycheles was proposed by previous authors without examination of any specimens of P. platycheles, nor did they considered the morphological similarities between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. africana. This synonymy has been implicitly accepted without further analysis. The recent discovery of one male and two females syntypes of P. paivacarvalhoi has prompted new investigations into the status of P. paivacarvalhoi as a junior synonym either of P. platycheles or P. africana. Porcellana paivacarvalhoi is redescribed and illustrated based upon its lectotype herein designated. It is confirmed to be a junior synonym of P. platycheles; all evidence suggests that P. africana is a distinct, separate species. All previous records of P. platycheles from the Brazilian coast are reviewed. Its presence in southeastern Brazil in the late 1960’s most probably represents an historical case of human-mediated introduction by shipping activities. Porcellana platycheles did not manage to establish itself in São Sebastião, nor has it been recorded subsequently elsewhere in Brazil.
Factors associated with the efficiency of acaricides on different populations of Rhipicephalus microplus
Authors: Menin Michel , Xavier Carolain , Grigolo Mauricio Francisco , Molosse Kaio Fernando , Weirich Michele Helena , Matzembacker Bruna , Collet Silvana Giacomini , Prestes Alan Miranda , Camillo Giovana
Published: November 2019

Tick infestation causes major problems in cattle. Tick parasitism accounts for significant economic losses in many beef and dairy herds in the vast majority of the states in the Brazilian territory including the State of Santa Catarina in the southern region of the country. Tick resistance to several active principles occurs due to a number of factors including the indiscriminate, injudicious and inadequate use of tick insecticides. Considering the great importance of fighting off tick infestations in cattle, we evaluated the efficiency of 8 different topical active principles against the ixodid tick R. microplus and identified the main factors that contribute to the development of ticks that are resistant to acaricides in the farms and bovine herds studied. For such purpose, R. microplus telegionae were collected in 39 farms locates in different municipalities of the West of Santa Catarina, south Brazil. At the time of sample collection, information about the management, the history of the acar used in the herd, the number of annual applications of these pesticides, the frequency of acaricide rotation, and the frequency of technical monitoring for strategic tick control were retrieved. We collected this data in order determine contributing factors to the development resistant R. microplus populations. For the sensitivity profile of these ticks to a number of different acaricides tested, 10 engorged females for each principle and a control were used. The results of our study show that most associations between pyrethroids and organophosphates had an efficiency between 96.6% and 100% in the control of R. microplus except for the combination of Alfacipermetrine 15%, Ethion 16%, and Chlorpyrifos 8.5% that had 93.4% of efficiency. Among the chemicals not associated with any other type of compound, Amitraz 12.5% ​​was effective in 98.3% of the cases. In contrast, Cypermethrin 15% had an efficiency in only 25.8% of the farms/herds analyzed. Based on the results of the present study, we may infer that the methods of control and management used by producers may be related to the low indexes of resistance to topical acaricides in the different populations of ticks in the study area.
Concessão de serviços públicos no setor de transportes
Authors: Silva Marcel Pereira da
Published: November 2019

Neste artigo, analisaremos a relação entre membros do governo (federal e estadual mineiro), diretorias e acionistas da Rede Sul Mineira e a casa bancária Perier & Cie., uma das representantes do capital francês no Brasil. O período escolhido, entre os anos de 1910 e 1920, se justifica por dois motivos: primeiro, foi o período em que a Companhia Estradas de Ferro Federais Brasileiras – Rede Sul Mineira, empresa analisada, assumiu uma concessão de transporte ferroviário no sul do estado de Minas Gerais; em segundo lugar, este mesmo período coincidiu com o auge e queda do volume de empréstimos franceses realizados no Brasil. Assim, foi possível perceber como as relações entre uma concessão de serviços públicos, classe política e capitais envolvidos – seja público ou seja privado, neste caso estrangeiro e francês – são intensas e obscuras. O caso da Sul Mineira talvez seja um dos mais emblemáticos do setor ferroviário, pois deixou muito claro que tais relações foram institucionalizadas na República Brasileira há mais de 100 anos, não obstante os embates e atritos ocorridos no processo.
Governar a miséria
Authors: Franco Renato , Patuzzi Silva
Published: November 2019

Em 1693, uma memória enviada ao rei de Portugal continha denúncias sobre a completa indiferença dos senhores em relação à doutrina, à vida sacramental e às exéquias dos escravos no Rio de Janeiro e em Salvador. Naquele mesmo ano, debates envolveram instâncias civis e religiosas no intuito de colocar noutros termos a desconsideração ritual em relação aos escravos. Nesse processo de reordenamento das atribuições que cabiam às esferas civis e eclesiásticas em relação ao governo doméstico dos escravos, foram particularmente importantes as obras de dois jesuítas – Jorge Benci e André João Antonil – e a normativa estabelecida pelas Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia, em 1707. Neste artigo, pretende-se analisar como as controvérsias estabelecidas em fins do século XVII abriram uma nova perspectiva para a defesa ética do tratamento cristão dos cativos, tendo por base o princípio de autoridade, reivindicado pela Igreja, de governar espiritualmente os miseráveis.
Um velho Marx renovado
Authors: Kayser Erick
Published: November 2019

Resenha de: MUSTO, Marcello. O velho Marx: uma biografia de seus últimos anos (1881-1883). São Paulo: Boitempo,2018.
Amazônia Global
Authors: Sanjad Nelson , Muniz Érico Silva , Schweickardt Júlio
Published: November 2019

Apresentação ao Dossiê AMAZÔNIA GLOBAL: ESPAÇOS DE CIRCULAÇÃO E REPRESENTAÇÃO DA FRONTEIRA
CTA-for-All
Authors: Mayer Stephan A. , Viarasilpa Tanuwong , Panyavachiraporn Nicha , Brady Megan , Scozzari Dawn , Van Harn Meredith , Miller Daniel , Katramados Angelos , Hefzy Hebah , Malik Shaneela , Marin Horia , Kole Maximilian , Chebl Alex , Lewandowski Christopher , Mitsias Panayiotis D.
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—

We sought to evaluate the impact of a Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) for All emergency stroke imaging protocol on outcome after large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods—

On July 1, 2017, the Henry Ford Health System implemented the policy of performing CTA and noncontrast computed tomography together as an initial imaging study for all patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting within 24 hours of last known well, regardless of baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Previously, CTA was reserved for patients presenting within 6 hours with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6. We compared treatment processes and outcomes between patients with AIS admitted 1 year before (n=388) and after (n=515) protocol implementation.

Results—

After protocol implementation, more AIS patients underwent CTA (91% versus 61%;
P
<0.001) and had CTA performed at the same time as the initial noncontrast computed tomography scan (78% versus 35%;
P
<0.001). Median time from emergency department arrival to CTA was also shorter (29 [interquartile range, 16–53] versus 43 [interquartile range, 29–112] minutes;
P
<0.001), more cases of LVO were detected (166 versus 96; 32% versus 25% of all AIS;
P
=0.014), and more mechanical thrombectomy procedures were performed (108 versus 68; 21% versus 18% of all AIS;
P
=0.196). Among LVO patients who presented within 6 hours of last known well, median time from last known well to mechanical thrombectomy was shorter (3.5 [interquartile range, 2.8–4.8] versus 4.1 [interquartile range, 3.3–5.6] hours;
P
=0.038), and more patients were discharged with a favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale 4–5, 53% versus 37%;
P
=0.029). The odds of having a favorable outcome after protocol implementation was not significant (odds ratio, 1.84 [95% CI, 0.98–3.45];
P
=0.059) after controlling for age and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score.

Conclusions—

Performing CTA and noncontrast computed tomography together as an initial assessment for all AIS patients presenting within 24 hours of last known well improved LVO detection, increased the mechanical thrombectomy treatment population, hastened intervention, and was associated with a trend toward improved outcome among LVO patients presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset.
The Veiled Statuary: A Lesson from Sculpture to Vision Psychology
Authors: Roncato Sergio , Roncato Fabio
Published: November 2019

Visual artists can be considered the precursors of students of the visual system. Paintings and graphic arts have been attentively examined by vision scientists, while sculpture has been considered less. Here we intend to fill this gap by illustrating how artists faced what seems an impossible challenge: to carve a stone so that it looks like a transparent veil. The success of the artists in reproducing the veil can be assessed by exploring the hundreds of Internet pages dedicated to ‘veiled statuary’. We chose some of the most admired statues and tried to ‘glean’ the sculptor’s technique. Two of these artworks are the work of Greek artists, the other statues were carved by baroque and modern sculptors. We did not find a single technique but, rather, a diversity of solutions, as is to be expected in an exploration in which opposites must be reconciled: an observer has to catch the presence of something elastic, thin, and transparent in a surface made of a rigid and opaque material. We checked the ability of the sculptor to render such properties by submitting samples of veiled statues to some observers who were asked to judge the strength of the veiling effect, and to categorize the perceived materials and features, such as transparency and thinness. The results confirm the artists’ knowledge of visual cues that are able to convey a complex set of information and meanings: material categorization, materials properties, perceptual decomposition of surfaces, completion of perceptual fragments into unitary percepts.
Rethinking Citizenship: Faith Institutions and Residents Working to Coproduce a New Reality for Returning Citizens
Authors: Blessett Brandi
Published: November 2019

Urban communities and people of color continue to be disparaged by any number of quality of life indicators in 2019 as were identified in 1968. This article examines the evolution of state-sponsored disenfranchisement in the United States and identifies faith and nonprofit institutions as progressive allies in the fight against systemic injustice for communities of color. First, the article uses the Kerner Report to contextualize the heightened surveillance of Black residents and the occupation of their neighborhoods by police in response to the urban rights of the 1960s. The second part examines disenfranchisement as tools of state-sponsored oppression and their long-standing implication for Black people. The final section of the article illuminates the collaborative relationship between faith and nonprofit leaders with community members to advance rights restoration reform in the state of Florida.
The role of photography in the production and problematization of online affective debates: Struggles over solidarity and identity during the 2015 refugee crisis in Denmark
Authors: Olesen Thomas
Published: November 2019

The article analyses two contrasting photographs that powerfully shaped Danish debates about the refugee crisis in September 2015. In the first, a civilian man is seen spitting at a group of refugees from a highway bridge. In the other, a police officer sits on the highway as he plays with a young refugee girl. Politicized photographs such as these offer unique and rarely utilized sociological prisms to probe the narratives and binary codes that define national value complexes and categories of ‘inside–outside’, ‘us–them’ and ‘civil–uncivil’. The spitting man and gentle cop photographs are particularly forceful in this regard as they do not simply portray refugees/migrants in isolation, but rather the reactions they generate in the host country. The article explores why and how these photographs became so resonant in stimulating affective public debates about refugees, Danish identity, and solidarity with strangers. Methodologically, the article focuses on debates occurring on Facebook, Twitter and in newspaper commentary tracks. This choice reflects a wider trend where the media ecology of Web 2.0 is transforming the way photographs are being politicized in affective publics. Finally, interviews were conducted with the journalists behind the photographs.
Service-Connected Disability and the Veteran Mortality Disadvantage
Authors: Landes Scott D. , London Andrew S. , Wilmoth Janet M.
Published: November 2019

Research consistently reports a veteran mortality disadvantage relative to nonveterans, but has not considered the contribution of service-connected disability to this differential. We use data from the 1986 and 1989 National Health Interview Survey-2011 Linked Mortality Files ( N = 124,122) to estimate multivariate Cox regression models of the association between veteran status and mortality, taking service-connected disability status into account. Bivariate analyses demonstrate higher mortality risk, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer health and functioning among veterans with a service-connected disability than among nonveterans and veterans without a service-connected disability. Multivariate models confirm a mortality disadvantage for all veteran service-connected disability subgroups, which is reduced by the inclusion of exogenous sociodemographic variables and substantially mediated by the health/functional limitation status measures. Results indicate that service-connected disability status accounts for some variation in, and may have a cumulative effect on, the veteran mortality disadvantage. When possible, future research should account for service-connected disability status when studying veteran–nonveteran mortality differentials.
Application of artificial neural networks for prediction of sinter quality based on process parameters control
Authors: Shao Huijun , Yi Zhengming , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Zheng , Deng Zhidan
Published: November 2019

According to the characteristics of non-linearity, strong coupling and a large time delay in the sintering process, the overall analysis for the sintering process has been carried out from the process parameter control point. The sinter performance evaluation indexes and the main influential parameters were determined. The quality prediction model for the sintering process was established using back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm with momentum and variable learning rate. The simulation experimental results show that the model has a higher prediction accuracy and a stronger self-learning ability. The predictive hit rate of random samples is over 81% by adopting BP neural network with the structure of 15-24-4 and network error is 0.65×10−3, thereby verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the quality prediction model on the basis of process parameters control.
Determination of fracture location of double-sided directional fracturing pressure relief for hard roof of large upper goaf-side coal pillars
Authors: Liu Jiangwei , Liu Changyou , Li Xuehua
Published: November 2019

After mining the upper-goaf side, large coal pillars and part of hard roof exposed above the pillars remain. The hard roof can significantly deform the roadway by transferring high stress through coal pillars to the roadway. This paper reports the use of hydraulic fracturing technology to cut the hard roof on both sides (i.e. the broken roof slides to the goaf) to relieve the pressure. The position of the roof fracture is the key to controlling the pressure relief. The bearing characteristics of the large coal pillars and hard roof are analyzed to establish a mechanical model of the broken-roof sliding instability after directional fracturing and determine the width of the coal pillars that can collapse under maximum overburden load on coal pillars as a reasonable hydraulic fracturing position. The results show that the distance from the mine gateway to the fracture location increases with increasing hard-roof length, coal pillar depth, coal pillar thickness (mining height), and goaf width. In addition, the distance to the mine gateway decreases with increasing coal strength, support of the coal pillar by the anchor rod, cohesive force, and internal friction angle of the coal–rock interface. Engineering tests were applied in coal roadway 5107 of coal seam 5# of the Baidong Coal Mine of the Datong Coal Mine Group. Given the site conditions, a reasonable fracturing length of 8.8 m was obtained. Next, directional hydraulic fracturing was implemented. The comparison of the roof deformation before and after fracturing suggests that this method reduces the local stress concentration in coal pillars, which allows the surrounding rock deformation in roadway 5107 to be controlled.
Investigating the reciprocal relations between academic buoyancy and academic adversity: Evidence for the protective role of academic buoyancy in reducing academic adversity over time
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Marsh Herbert W.
Published: November 2019

What is the relationship between academic buoyancy and academic adversity? For example, does the experience of academic adversity help build students’ academic buoyancy in school—or, does academic buoyancy lead to decreases in subsequent academic adversity? This longitudinal study of 481 high school students (Years 7–12) investigated the relations between academic buoyancy and academic adversity. Harnessing a cross-lagged panel design spanning two consecutive academic years, we employed structural equation modeling to investigate the extent to which prior academic buoyancy predicted subsequent academic adversity and the extent to which prior academic adversity predicted subsequent academic buoyancy—beyond the effects of sociodemographics, prior achievement, and auto-regression. We found that prior academic buoyancy significantly predicted lower subsequent academic adversity, but prior academic adversity did not significantly predict higher subsequent academic buoyancy. Interestingly, however, there was a marginal interaction effect such that students who experienced academic adversity but who were also high in academic buoyancy were less likely to experience academic adversity one year later. We conclude that it is important to instill in students the capacity to effectively deal with academic adversity—that is, academic buoyancy. We also conclude that some experience of academic adversity can have positive effects but predominantly when accompanied by high levels of academic buoyancy. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Adaptive bias and attitude observer on the special orthogonal group for true-north gyrocompass systems: Theory and preliminary results
Authors: Spielvogel Andrew R , Whitcomb Louis L
Published: November 2019

This article reports an adaptive sensor bias observer and attitude observer operating directly on [Formula: see text] for true-north gyrocompass systems that utilize six-degree-of-freedom inertial measurement units (IMUs) with three-axis accelerometers and three-axis angular rate gyroscopes (without magnetometers). Most present-day low-cost robotic vehicles employ attitude estimation systems that employ microelectromechanical system (MEMS) magnetometers, angular rate gyros, and accelerometers to estimate magnetic attitude (roll, pitch, and magnetic heading) with limited heading accuracy. Present-day MEMS gyros are not sensitive enough to dynamically detect the Earth’s rotation, and thus cannot be used to estimate true-north geodetic heading. Relying on magnetic compasses can be problematic for vehicles that operate in environments with magnetic anomalies and those requiring high-accuracy navigation as the limited accuracy ([Formula: see text] error) of magnetic compasses is typically the largest error source in underwater vehicle navigation systems. Moreover, magnetic compasses need to undergo time-consuming recalibration for hard-iron and soft-iron errors every time a vehicle is reconfigured with a new instrument or other payload, as very frequently occurs on oceanographic marine vehicles. In contrast, the gyrocompass system reported herein utilizes fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) IMU angular rate gyro and MEMS accelerometer measurements (without magnetometers) to dynamically estimate the instrument’s time-varying true-north attitude (roll, pitch, and geodetic heading) in real-time while the instrument is subject to a priori unknown rotations. This gyrocompass system is immune to magnetic anomalies and does not require recalibration every time a new payload is added to or removed from the vehicle. Stability proofs for the reported bias and attitude observers, preliminary simulations, and a full-scale vehicle trial are reported that suggest the viability of the true-north gyrocompass system to provide dynamic real-time true-north heading, pitch, and roll utilizing a comparatively low-cost FOG IMU.
Erector spinae plane block: A safe, simple and effective alternative for knee surgery
Authors: Ayub Arshad , Talawar Praween , Gupta Santosh K , Kumar Rakesh , Alam Alauddin
Published: November 2019

Neuraxial anaesthesia techniques are routinely used to manage postoperative pain in patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery. However, neuraxial anaesthesia is contraindicated in patients with a deformed spine or coagulopathy. Researchers recently described the erector spinae plane block—a safe, easy and effective interfascial plane block for managing chronic thoracic pain. Since then, it has been used for providing analgesia in thoracic, abdominal and hip surgery. We report its analgesic use in two patients undergoing knee surgery: one with lumbar scoliosis undergoing above knee amputation, and the other with haemophilia undergoing bilateral knee arthroplasty.
A Prospective Study of Community Mediators on the Risk of Sepsis After Cancer
Authors: Moore Justin Xavier , Akinyemiju Tomi , Bartolucci Alfred , Wang Henry E. , Waterbor John , Griffin Russell
Published: November 2019

Background:

Few studies have examined whether community factors mediate the relationship between patients surviving cancer and future development of sepsis. We determined the influence of community characteristics upon risk of sepsis after cancer, and whether there are differences by race.

Methods:

We performed a prospective analysis using data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort years 2003 to 2012 complemented with county-level community characteristics from the American Community Survey and County Health Rankings. We categorized those with a self-reported prior cancer diagnosis as “cancer survivors” and those without a history of cancer as “no cancer history.” We defined sepsis as hospitalization for a serious infection with ≥2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. We examined the mediation effect of community characteristics on the association between cancer survivorship and sepsis incidence using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race, and total number of comorbidities. We repeated analysis stratified by race.

Results:

There were 28 840 eligible participants, of which 2860 (9.92%) were cancer survivors, and 25 289 (90.08%) were no cancer history participants. The only observed community-level mediation effects were from income (% mediated 0.07%; natural indirect effect [NIE] on hazard scale] = 1.001, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.000-1.005) and prevalence of adult smoking (% mediated = 0.21%; NIE = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.004). We observed similar effects when stratified by race.

Conclusion:

Cancer survivors are at increased risk of sepsis; however, this association is weakly mediated by community poverty and smoking prevalence.
Psychosocial and Health-Related Factors Associated With Discordance Between 13-Year Trajectories of Self-Reported Functional Limitations and Performance-Based Physical Functioning in Old Age
Authors: Kok Almar A. L. , Henstra Marieke J. , van der Velde Nathalie , Rhebergen Didi , van Schoor Natasja M.
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine correlates of discordance between 13-year trajectories of self-reported functional limitations and performance-based physical functioning in older adults. Method: We included 2,135 participants from the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, the Netherlands, followed across 1995-2008. Self-reported functional limitations included six (instrumental) activities of daily living. Performance-based functioning was a composite of four tests. We used latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression to examine discordance and its correlates. Results: Patterns of discordance and concordance (41% concordance, 46% “overestimation” of daily functioning, 13% “underestimation”) appeared to be persistent over 13 years. Older age, male sex, cognitive impairment, absence of pain, and light alcohol use were associated with overestimation. Younger age, female sex, and lower self-rated health were associated with underestimation. Discussion: Factors associated with overestimation partly differ from those associated with underestimation. Factors that are highly stable over time are particularly good indicators of persistent discordance.
Back to the Basics: The Resurgence of Moral Formation in American Protestant Ethics
Authors: Martens Paul
Published: November 2019

In the North American context, one trend in introductory Protestant Christian ethics texts is clear: the desire to draw the focus away from moral pronouncements about contemporary ‘issues’ in order to concentrate on what it means to be truly human, that is, to see the world as followers of Christ made in the image of God and to employ forms of moral reasoning appropriate to this vision. The article illuminates the particular emphases displayed in contemporary Protestant ethics texts published in the United States over the past decade as each contributes to this agenda of renewal. In conclusion, I argue that the trend toward eschewing ‘applied’ ends is laudable and yet ambiguous. I suggest this trend may also be tied to the relative gender and racial uniformity of the authors, because what is frequently absent in this collection are the social and political concerns commonly voiced by more marginalized voices.
Practice patterns of dual antiplatelet therapy after lower extremity endovascular interventions
Authors: Kim Tanner I , Chen Julia F , Orion Kristine C
Published: November 2019

Antiplatelet therapy is commonly prescribed following endovascular interventions. However, there is limited data regarding the regimen and duration of antiplatelet therapy following lower extremity endovascular interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the practice patterns of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after lower extremity endovascular interventions. We identified all patients who received an endovascular intervention in the Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) registry from 2010 through 2018. The antiplatelet regimen was examined at the time of discharge and follow-up. Variables predicting discharge antiplatelet therapy and duration of antiplatelet therapy were investigated. There were 13,510 (57.69%) patients discharged on DAPT, 8618 (36.80%) patients discharged on single antiplatelet therapy, and 1292 (5.51%) patients discharged without antiplatelet therapy. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), prior vascular bypass and endovascular intervention, preoperative statin use, stent placement compared with angioplasty, and femoropopliteal and tibial treatment were associated with higher odds of being discharged with DAPT compared with no antiplatelet therapy and single antiplatelet therapy. Of the patients discharged on DAPT who were followed up at 9–12 months and 21–24 months, 56.49% and 49.63% remained on DAPT, respectively. Only a narrow margin of the patient majority undergoing endovascular interventions was discharged with DAPT, suggesting that only a small proportion of patients undergoing endovascular intervention remain on DAPT long-term. As the number of peripheral vascular interventions continues to grow, further studies are crucial to identify the optimal duration of DAPT.
Consent to sexual interactions
Authors: Pallikkathayil Japa
Published: November 2019

The way in which consent to sexual interactions is understood in the US is undergoing a transformation. Many universities, sometimes at the behest of lawmakers, are moving to adopt ‘affirmative consent’ policies, which define consent in terms of affirmative behavior that goes beyond mere silence or lack of resistance. Although these policies are a move in the right direction, I argue that their content has not been properly understood. In particular, the circumstances in which nonverbal behavior may communicate consent are more limited than might be apparent. And even though these circumstances can be abstractly identified, it is difficult to give people adequate guidance about when some of them obtain. Moreover, I argue that no matter how the allowance for nonverbal behavior is construed, affirmative consent policies unnecessarily prohibit interactions that people may have reason to engage in. I propose an alternative policy that remedies these problems with the affirmative consent policies that are currently being implemented. And I note that the justification for this alternative policy does not turn on any special features of the university setting. Instead, the account I give suggests grounds for reforming the law as well.
The worldly text and the production of more-than-literary place: Helen Garner’s Monkey Grip and Melbourne’s ‘inner north’
Authors: Potter Emily , Seale Kirsten
Published: November 2019

Literature about place is frequently conceived by writers and readers as a response to, or a reproduction of, place. This essay is an intervention in disciplinary and interdisciplinary conceptualisations of literature and place where the text is positioned as a product of place. Our objective here is to provide an account of how literature might produce place, or more specifically, an account of how certain literary texts contribute to the production of place in material, and more-than-literary, ways. We call these types of literary texts the worldly text. The worldly text is more than a mirror or commentator on place. It is an actor in the material production of place. In considering the worldly text as an articulation of the literature-place interface, we investigate how images and affects from Helen Garner’s 1977 novel, Monkey Grip, influence understandings and formations of place in Melbourne, specifically how the text reflexively participates in processes of urban transformation in the city’s iconic inner northern suburbs of Fitzroy and Carlton.
Pre- and mid-season repeated sprint ability of soccer referees from the first and second divisions
Authors: Meckel Yoav , Balikin Kiril , Eliakim Alon
Published: November 2019

The main aim of the study was to investigate the differences in repeated sprint ability of first- compared to second-division referees at the beginning and in the middle of the soccer season. Twenty-seven main and 51 assistant referees, from the first (age 36.2 ± 5.3) and the second (age 28.8 ± 3.9) soccer divisions, performed two fitness tests—at the beginning and at mid-season, consisting of a repeated sprint test of 6 × 40 m and 5 × 30 m sprints for the referees and assistant referees, respectively. While no differences were found among the first division’s main referees, significant improvement ( p < .05) was found among the second division’s main referees at mid-season compared to the beginning of the season in ideal sprint time (31.97 ± 1.5 vs. 32.47 ± 1.3 s) and total sprint time (32.62 ± 1.4 vs. 33.10 ± 1.1 s), respectively. The main referees' ideal sprint time and total sprint time were significantly faster ( p < .05) in the second compared to the first division, at pre-season and at mid-season. Significant correlations were found between age and ideal sprint time ( r = .63) and age and total sprint time ( r = .66) among the main referees, but not between age and performance indices among the assistant referees. The findings demonstrated a superiority of the second over the first division's referees in anaerobic capabilities, suggesting that training program should be specific for each division. It may also indicate that variables other than physical capabilities determine referees' professional status and referee's advancement from second to the first division.
Arthroscopic debridement does not enhance surgical treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Selles Caroline A. , Mulders Marjolein A. M. , Colaris Joost W. , van Heijl Mark , Cleffken Berry I. , Schep Niels W. L.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the difference in functional outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with and without arthroscopic debridement in adults with displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures. In this multicentre trial, 50 patients were randomized between ORIF with or without arthroscopic debridement. The primary outcome measure was the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score. Secondary outcome measures were Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, pain scores, range of wrist motion, grip strength, and complications. Median PRWE was worse for the intervention group at 3 months and was equal for both groups at 12 months. The secondary outcome measures did not show consistent patterns of differences at different time-points of follow-up. We conclude that patients treated with additional arthroscopy to remove intra-articular hematoma and debris did not have better outcomes than those treated with ORIF alone. We therefore do not recommend arthroscopy for removal of hematoma and debris when surgically fixing distal radius fractures.

Level of evidence: I
Rigid infection prevention and control rules and religious discrimination: An uncomfortable juxtaposition?
Authors: Blenkharn J Ian
Published: November 2019

Confusion and conflict arise when infection prevention and control (IPC) policies lead to allegations of religious discrimination. Many IPC standards are generic in construct, often failing to address wider issues and general policy applicable to all may have unequal impact on minority groups. Achieving uniformity by treating everyone the same is not necessarily the same as treating them equally.

Some variation in approach might be acceptable, often desirable and sometimes inevitable but must not compromise staff safety or patient welfare. Concerns regarding clinical safety may overlook or override cultural and religious; without care, the outcome might change from cooperative to confrontational. Where, and how, to draw the line?
A cross-sectional investigation into the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins in a German population
Authors: Oluwagbemigun Kolade , Yucel-Lindberg Tülay , Dietrich Thomas , Tour Gregory , Sherina Natalia , Hansson Monika , Bergmann Manuela , Lundberg Karin , Boeing Heiner
Published: November 2019

Background:

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) is unique among pathogens due to its ability to generate citrullinated proteins in an inflammatory milieu, potentially mediating the loss of immune tolerance, the production of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), and subsequently the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Based on this hypothesis, we set out to investigate whether P.g is linked to ACPAs in a well-characterized German population.

Participants and methods:

A total of 600 participants (292 women and 308 men with a mean age of 67 years) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study were selected in 2013, and paired saliva and serum samples were collected. Salivary P.g DNA and serum anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2) levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and anti-CCP2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. In selected participants, additional ACPA fine-specificities were also analysed on a custom-made multiplex peptide array.

Results:

Among participants with C-reactive protein greater than 3.0 mg/l, a one-unit increase in P.g DNA was associated with an almost twofold increase in anti-CCP2 levels. Moreover, participants with high P.g DNA had on average approximately 2.8-times higher anti-CCP2 levels when compared with participants with low P.g DNA, (Holm-adjusted p value = 0.01). Furthermore, citrullinated epitopes on α-enolase and vimentin were common ACPA reactivities among participants who also had high P.g DNA and elevated C-reactive protein.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that in specific subgroups of individuals with systemic inflammation, higher salivary P.g DNA is associated with elevated serum ACPA. These data support a role for P.g in the development of anticitrulline immunity.