bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventing Surgical Complications During Microscopic Fenestration in Middle Fossa Arachnoid Cysts: A Retrospective Study for 38 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: LU Zheng , ZHENG Wen jian , HAN Xu , Gong Jian
Published: August 2021

Purpose Middle fossa arachnoid cyst (MFAC) is one of the most common cranial cysts in children. The various postoperative complications following cyst fenestration are still the major concern for most surgeons. We systemically review the short-term postoperative complications in the literature and introduce our experience in preventing these complications.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on the 38 cases of patients having MFAC (<14 years old) who underwent microscopic fenestration from January 2019 to December 2020. Short-term postoperative complications including postoperative hemorrhage/hematoma, subdural hygroma (SH), cranial nerve palsy, and central nervous system infection (PCNSI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak were collected. A systematic PubMed search for cohort studies of surgically treated MFAC published from 2000 was performed. The short-term postoperative complications in the included studies were illustrated.Results The overall complication rate in our series is 5.2%. Eight patients (21.1%) developed postoperative SH. One of them required reoperation. Patients who developed SH were significantly younger (4.1±1.6 versus 6.2±3.4 y.o., p=0.018). Binary logistic analysis showed that a lower age could be a risk factor for developing SH (P=0.115). No postoperative hemorrhage, cranial nerve palsy, or CSF leak was observed. In the systemic review, eighteen studies were included, comprising 649 cases of MFAC. The most common complication was SH (4.9%). The short-term postoperative complication rate between microscopic and endoscopic techniques was similar.Conclusion The complication rate in MFAC fenestration is low in children. SH is the most common postoperative complication, and it is prone to occur in young children.
Endogenous Oleoylethanolamide Crystals Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles with Enhanced Hydrophobic Drug Loading Capacity for Efficient Stroke Therapy
Authors: Wu Shichao , Liao Di , Li Xi , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Lin , Mo Fanny , Hu Shuo , Xia Jian , Yang Xiangrui
Published: August 2021

Background. Although the preparation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) achieves great success, their retention of highly hydrophobic drugs is still problematic. Results. Herein we report a novel strategy for efficiently loading hydrophobic drugs to LNPs for stroke therapy. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous highly hydrophobic molecule with outstanding neuroprotective effect, was successfully loaded to OEA-SPC&DSPE-PEG lipid nanoparticles (OSDP LNPs) with a drug loading of 15.9 ± 1.2 wt%, four times higher than those prepared via traditional methods. Efficient retention in OSDP LNPs greatly improved the pharmaceutical property and enhanced the neuroprotective effect of OEA. Through the data of positron emission tomography (PET) and TTC-stained brain slices, it could be clearly visualized that the acute ischemic brain tissues were preserved as penumbral tissues and bounced back with reperfusion. The in vivo experiments stated that OSDP LNPs could significantly improve the survival rate, the behavioral score, the spatial learning and memory ability of the MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) rats. Meanwhile, the cerebral infarct volume, the edema degree, the apoptosis of the neurons, and the inflammation within the brain were also greatly decreased. Conclusions. These results suggest that the OSDP LNPs have a great chance to develop hydrophobic OEA into a potential anti-stroke formulation.
Glioma of The Temporal Lobe That Impair Working Memory
Authors: Ni Shengyuan , Chen Peng , Yang Yang , Bao Dejun , Zhang Rui , Qi Pang
Published: August 2021

Background: Working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information. Although working memory is generally considered to rely primarily on a fronto-parietal network, there is recent evidence that the temporal lobe has an important role in specific aspects of working memory. Methods: In this study, we assessed 30 patients with temporal tumor and 30 healthy controls using a method that combined memory tests with working memory tasks ( Digital span task, Spatial capacity N-back task and Emotional N-back task ). Results: The results revealed that there are no significant difference between the groups with regard to the neuropsychological functionings. For working memory tasks, statistically significant differences were not found on the 1-back tasks and forward versions of simple span tasks between the temporal patients group (TP) and the healthy controls group (HC). Analysis of correct responses of the experimental tasks suggested that the TP group was significantly different from the HC group in the 2-back tasks and backward versions of simple span tasks. For reaction times, spatial capacity 2-back task and emotional 2-back task showed the TP group were significantly different from the HC group. Conclusion: These findings revealed that working memory capacity was impaired in patients with a temporal tumour and that the temporal lobe may be a certain neuroanatomical structure in the working memory network.
Applying 3DPCANet and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Aided Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yu , Jia Hongfei , Duan Yifan , Xiao Hongbing
Published: August 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which changes the structure of brain regions by some hidden causes. In this paper for assisting doctors to make correct judgments, an improved 3DPCANet method is proposed to classify AD by combining the mean (mALFF) of the whole brain. The main idea includes that firstly, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is pre-processed, and mALFF is calculated to get the corresponding matrix. Then the features of mALFF images are extracted via the improved 3DPCANet network. Finally, AD patients with different stages are classified using support vector machine (SVM). Experiments results based on public data from the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) show that the proposed approach has better performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. The accuracies of AD vs. significant memory concern (SMC), SMC vs. late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and normal control (NC) vs. SMC reach respectively 92.42%, 91.80%, and 89.50%, which testifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Efficient Outcomes by a New Technique SIMBO-FDTD for Skin Cancer Detection
Authors: Pal Shelendra , Rajkumar  , Sharma Vipul
Published: August 2021

Cancer is one of the most common diseases affecting humans globally of which skin cancer is one. Formerly, medical imaging techniques are designed to provide physicians with information about the body and out-of-body diseases and for their intended diagnosis. By identifying and treating the exact location of a patient's cancer cells, the patient's chances of survival greatly increase and are currently used for various classification problems. However, to achieve accurate and simple future performance, yet to be achieved and Correct treatment based on its accurate prognosis will be an important step in the evaluation of disease outcomes. At this time, freezing, axial surgery, MOH surgery, curettage, and electro dissection or cryotherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, biological therapy are several corrective tools for its treatment. The main objective of this research paper is the development of skin cancer detection techniques using finite difference time domain(FDTD) using various computer image techniques and the research paper suggests that the technique being designed has the primary ability to better diagnose skin cancer than any other current investigator.
Accuracy of B-mode ultrasound and ARFI elastography in predicting malignancy of splenic lesions in dogs: Preliminary study
Authors: Maronezi¹ Marjury Cristina , Carneiro¹ Rafael Kretzer , Cruz¹ Igor Cezar Kniphoff , Oliveira Ana Paula Luiz , Nardi¹ Andrigo Barboza , Pavan¹ Letícia , Silva Priscila Del Aguila , Uscategui Ricardo Andrés Ramirez , Feliciano Marcus Antonio Rossi
Published: August 2021

The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography and ARFI elastography in detecting malignancy in canine splenic lesions. Thirty-seven spleens with abnormalities (16 benign and 11 malignant) from dogs of different breeds and ages were evaluated. Echogenicity, echotexture, organ length and height were evaluated using B-mode. By ARFI elastography, tissue stiffness was evaluated qualitatively (elastogram) and quantitatively (measuring the shear wave velocity - SWV). Lesions were classified as diffuse, focal or multifocal (cranial, medial or caudal portion) and comparisons of the SWV between the injured and non-injured areas were performed. In the B-mode, no features were associated to malignancy (P > 0.05). In the elastogram, 35 spleens were non-deformable and 2 deformable, having no association with malignancy. The greater SWV was observed in malignant lesions (3.4 ± 0.6 m/s), followed by areas free from alterations (2.1 ± 0.3 m/s) and benign lesions (1.7 ± 0.5 m/s), with difference between groups (P < 0.0001). It was found that a SWV > 2.6 m/s indicates malignancy of canine splenic lesions (sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 94% and accuracy of 97%), concluding that ARFI elastography is a promising technique for differentiating malignancy in these lesions.
Evolution of Infant Mortality in Ecuador: A Spatial Analysis From 2010 to 2019
Authors: Vivanco Karina Lalangui , Maya Karina Rivadeneira , Sánchez-Carrillo Christian , Cortéz Gersain Sosa , Quentin Emmanuelle
Published: August 2021

The health situation of children is fundamental for the big picture of public health in a country. Particularly, the death of children under one year of age, calculated through the infant mortality rate is still a key indicator, especially in Latin America where the overall rate has been constantly decreasing down to 13.9 infant deaths per 1000 live births. But this global figure encompasses geographical and temporal disparities within the same country. This is why it is interesting to analyze this evolution through a geomatic method of spatial prioritization. By combining hotspots detection (Local Indicators of Spatial Association, LISA) and time trend over 20 years (Mann-Kendall) at municipal level data from Ecuador, a country with infant mortality similar to the regional average, we obtain the most critical townships that should receive special attention with respect to maternal and infant health.
Distribution of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As) in Overbank Sediments of Ibar Tributaries (in Serbia)
Authors: Đokić Božidar V. , Vidojević Dragana , Đokić Olivera
Published: August 2021

The Ibar River is an international river whose watercourse passes next to numerous technogenic landfills and chemical-industrial complexes. They can affect the quality of water in the river, as well as the quality of overbank sediments. The river flows into the West Morava River near Kraljevo and it represents its largest tributary. The analysis of the overbank sediments of Ibar tributaries showed high concentration of heavy metals at some points. The statistical analysis of the content determined the existence of two synthetic factors around which heavy metals were concentrated. The comparison of the chemical composition of overbank sediment with the composition of geological and pedological substratum on which they were developed showed that the increased concentrations of heavy metals were mostly a product of geological and pedological composition of the river’s substratum and basin, and had no connection with (possible) anthropogenic factors. However, due to the sensitivity and proximity of potential pollutants, the necessity to constantly monitor chemical composition of overbank sediments in the river basin was determined.
Febrile Seizures: Perceptions and Knowledge of Parents of Affected and Unaffected Children
Authors: Rice Steven Alan , Müller Ruth Melinda , Jeschke Sarah , Herziger Birthe , Bertsche Thilo , Neininger Martina Patrizia , Bertsche Astrid
Published: August 2021

Febrile seizures (FS) in children are common. Little is known on parents’ perceptions and knowledge of FS. We interviewed parents of children aged 6 months to 6 years affected (FS-group, 65 parents) or unaffected by FS (unaffected group, 54 parents). Of the FS-group, 32% said they knew their child had a FS when the first event occurred. Of the FS-group, 89% described fear when the child had a seizure with a median intensity of 10/10 (Q25/Q75: 9/10). Of the FS-group, 77% said they (will) observe their child more carefully since the first seizure had happened, 63% (will) give antipyretics earlier at a median temperature of 38.2°C (100.8°F). Of the FS-group, 62% had not informed themselves about FS before the first event occurred (unaffected group: 54% had not informed themselves about FS so far). Of the FS-group, 20% would put a solid object in the mouth of a child having a seizure (unaffected group 39%), and 92% would administer an available anti-seizure rescue medication (unaffected group 78%). Of the FS-group, 71% stated children with FS might suffocate (unaffected group 70%). Conclusion: Information about FS and its management should be more widespread to improve parents’ coping and patient safety.
Satellite Cells Are Activated In A Rat Model of Radiation-Induced Muscle Fibrosis
Authors: Zeng Xiaoling , Xie Luyuan , Ge Yuxin , Zhou Yue , Wang Hui , Chen Yongyi , Zhu Xiaomei , Liu Huayun , Liao Qianjin , Kong Yu , Pan Lijun , Li Junjun , Xue Lei , Li Sha , Zhou Xiao , Shi Chunmeng , Sheng Xiaowu
Published: August 2021

Background: Radiation-induced muscle fibrosis is a long-term side effect of radiotherapy that significantly affect the quality of life and even reduces the survival of cancer patients. We have demonstrated that radiation induces satellite cell (SC) activation at the molecular level; however, cellular evidence in a rat model of radiation-induced muscle fibrosis was lacking. In this study, we evaluated SC activation in vivo and investigated whether radiation affects the proliferation and differentiation potential of SCs in vitro. Methods: For in vivo studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group): a non-irradiated control group and 90 Gy-1 w, 90 Gy-2 w, 90 Gy-4 w, 90 Gy-12 w, and 90 Gy-24 w groups.Left groin area of the rats received a single dose of irradiation and rectus femoris tissues were collected in the indicated weeks. Fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining, TUNEL staining, and electron microscopy, respectively. SC activation and central nuclear muscle fibers were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-1β concentrations in serum and irradiated muscle tissue samples were determined by ELISA. For in vitro studies, SCs were isolated from rats with radiation-induced muscle fibrosis and their proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.Results: In vivo, fibrosis increased over time following irradiation. Apoptosis and autophagy levels, IL-1β concentrations in serum and irradiated skin tissues, and the numbers of SCs and central nuclear muscle fibers were increased in the irradiated groups when compared with control group. In vitro, cultured SCs from irradiated muscle were positive for proliferation marker Pax7, and differentiated SCs were positive for myogenic differentiation marker MyHC.Conclusion: This study provided cellular evidence of SC activation and proliferation in rats with radiation-induced muscle fibrosis. Radiation does not affect the proliferation and differentiation potential of SCs in vitro.
Stronger effect of maize rhizosphere than phosphorus fertilization on soil phosphatase activity and associated bacterial communities in acidic soil: distinct influences on phoC- and phoD-harboring bacteria
Authors: Guo Long , Wang Chao , Shen Ren Fang
Published: August 2021

Aims

The bacteria phoC and phoD genes encode acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and ALP), respectively, which mineralize organic phosphorus (P) to inorganic P. The relative importance of P fertilization and the plant rhizosphere on soil phosphatase activities and associated bacterial communities in acidic soils are poorly understood; whether phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial communities display different responses remains undetermined.
Methods

Maize was grown in acidic soil supplemented with 0 (P0), 20 (P20), and 200 (P200) mg P2O5 kg− 1 for 42 days. Maize biomasses, plant nutrients, soil properties, phosphatase activities, and associated bacterial abundance and community composition were determined.
Results

Relative to bulk soils, rhizosphere showed increased ACP and ALP activities, phoC and phoD gene abundance, but these effects were reduced in strength with P200 treatment, except for phoC gene abundance. The rhizosphere effect increased α-diversity of phoC-harboring bacteria under P fertilization but reduced α-diversity of phoD-harboring bacteria under P0 and P20 treatments. The rhizosphere significantly influenced both phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial community compositions, with stronger effect on phoD-harboring bacteria; while P fertilization affected phoD-harboring bacteria but not phoC-harboring bacteria. Immigrated and extinct species play important roles in reshaping phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial communities, respectively, in response to the rhizosphere effect.
Conclusions

Compared with P fertilization, the maize rhizosphere more strongly influenced soil phosphatase activities and phoC- and phoD-harboring bacterial communities in acidic soils, with phoD-harboring bacteria responding more strongly to the rhizosphere effect and P fertilization. Notably, the strength of the rhizosphere effect heavily relied on P fertilization level.
Adipose-derived stem cell-derived microvesicles prevent progression to bladder underactivity secondary to long-termed bilateral partial iliac arterial occlusion-induced bladder ischemia
Authors: Chiang Bing-Juin , Mao Su-Han , Chung Shiu-Dong , Chien Chiang-Ting
Published: August 2021

Background
The therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and ADSC-derived microvesicles (MVs) were investigated in a rat model of bladder ischemia involving long-term (4 weeks) bilateral partial iliac arterial occlusion (BPAO).
Methods
The study included four groups: sham, BPAO, BPAO + ADSCs, and BPAO + ADSC-derived MVs. ADSCs or ADSC-derived MVs were injected through the femoral artery. Real-time laser speckle contrast imaging evaluated bladder microcirculation following BPAO. A 24-h behavior study and transcystometrogram were conducted after 4 weeks. Bladder histology, immunostaining, and lipid peroxidation assays were performed. The expression of P2X2, P2X3, M2, and M3 receptors, nerve growth factor (NGF), and collagen-1 was evaluated.
Results
BPAO for 4 weeks significantly reduced bladder microcirculation, prolonged the intercontraction interval, decreased voiding volume, increased residual urine volume, lengthened phase 1 contraction, shortened phase 2 contraction, increased neutrophil infiltration, increased malondialdehyde levels, and altered levels of P2X3 receptors. ADSC-derived MVs significantly ameliorated these effects, increased NGF expression, and decreased collagen-1 expression. ADSCs only improved voiding volume and increased residual urine volume.
Conclusions
ADSC-derived MVs prevented adverse consequences of long-term BPAO, including detrusor underactivity, bladder ischemia, and oxidative stress. Amelioration of inflammation, altered purinergic signaling, neuronal regeneration, and decreased fibrosis might be involved in the therapeutic mechanism.
Empress Maria Alexandrovna’s contribution to the development of female education in Russia: women’s all-estate open gymnasiums
Authors: Володько А.В.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена активному участию императрицы Марии Александровны в реформе женского образования в России и создании открытых всесословных гимназий. Масштаб проведенных под ее руководством преобразований соответствовал эпохе Великих реформ. Она умела выделять из поступающих проектов и предложений наиболее целесообразные и отвечающие духу времени, привлекая для их реализации лучшие педагогические силы. Ее активная поддержка экспериментальных образовательных «пилотных проектов» способствовала постепенному распространению их положительных результатов на всю систему женского образования.

The article is devoted to the life of Empress Maria Alexandrovna and, specifically, her active role in the Russian female education reform and the establishment of all-estate open gymnasiums. The scale of transformations put into effect under her guidance was quite worthy of the era of her husband Tsar Alexander’s great reforms. She was able to assess critically the submitted projects and proposals, selecting the most expedient and relevant ones, and to engage the best specialists in pedagogical science and practice in their implementation. Maria Alexandrovna actively supported various experimental “pilot projects” in the educational sphere, facilitating the entrenchment of their positive results within the whole female education system.
Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna as a patron of music education
Authors: Громова А.В.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена покровительству Великой княгини Елизаветы Федоровны музыкальному образованию на примере двух основных московских училищ музыкального направления. Рассматриваются различные аспекты попечительства в целях качественного обеспечения учебного процесса, помощи «недостаточным учащимся», поощрения наиболее талантливых учеников, создания условий для широкого практического применения учащимися полученных знаний в лучших творческих коллективах России. Также уделено внимание содействию Великой княгини возникновению в России новых музыкальных и театральных направлений при участии преподавателей и выпускников Музыкально-драматического и Синодального училищ.

The article is devoted to Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna’s activities as a patron of music education in Russia, focusing on the two main Moscow schools specializing in music as a case study. The author analyzes various aspects of her patronage aimed at providing high-quality teaching, assisting poor pupils, and encouraging the most talented ones, creating a wide basis for practical application of knowledge acquired by graduates in the best on-stage performance groups of Russia. Attention is also paid to the Grand Duchess’s effort to encourage new trends in Russian musical and performance arts through the contribution of the two Schools’ teachers and graduates.
From ‘childhood history’ to ‘gender history’: a new look at the life of the family of the last Russian emperor
Authors: Князев М.А.
Published: August 2021

В статье представлена рецензия на монографию Хелен Раппапорт «Дневники княжон Романовых. Загубленные жизни». Реконструкция биографий дочерей Николая II Ольги, Татьяны, Марии и Анастасии осуществлена через призму «истории детства» и «гендерной истории». Отмечается как методологическая новизна подхода автора книги, так и противоречивость некоторых суждений и выводов.

The article presents a review of the monograph by Helen Rappaport ‘The Diaries of the Romanov Princesses. Ruined lives’ [‘The Romanov Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Daughters of Nicholas and Alexandra’]. The reconstruction of the biographies of the four daughters of Nicholas II was carried out through the prism of ‘childhood history’ and ‘gender history’. Both the methodological novelty of Rappaport's approach and the inconsistency of some of the author's judgments and conclusions are noted.
Coins and Flowers: Some Images of the Textual Authority in the Works of Isidore of Seville
Authors: Воронцов С.А.
Published: August 2021

В статье обсуждается значение авторитета цитируемого текста в свете дихотомии авторитет текста / авторитет личности в культуре последних веков Поздней Античности на Латинском Западе на материале наследия Исидора Севильского. На основании анализа метафор, связанных с фигурой благоразумного читателя (prudens lector), а именно – собирания цветов и экспертизы монет, делаются следующие выводы: 1) авторитет цитируемых текстов позволяет произведению репрезентировать традицию, а его автору-епископу – «образ отцов церкви». Это определяет символический характер авторитета личности церковного учителя, требующий, в то же время, воспроизведения первообраза; 2) цитируемые тексты образуют поле возможных альтернатив, из которых «разумный компилятор» осмысленно выбирает необходимые для воздействия на читателя; 3) читатель при этом, применяя монашеское искусство памяти, на основании накопленных коннотации использовал авторитетные высказывания для созидания новых смыслов. Таким образом, авторитет текста на рубеже Поздней Античности – Раннего Средневековья скорее оказывается средством обоснования и производства новых смыслов, чем ограничивающей их рамкой.

The article considers the function of the authority of the quoted text through the lens of the dichotomy of personal / textual authority. The study is focud on the last ages of Late Antiquity and particularly on the works of Isidore of Seville. By consideration of the images related to the prudent reader (prudens lector) the article comes to the following conclusions. The extensive use of the authoritative quotations allows the text to represent the tradition, while its author as religious leader represented the Apostles and fathers of the Church. Thus, the authority of this leader turns out to be essentially symbolical. Relatively wide range of texts were considered authoritative. Making his own text, a prudent compiler (prudens compilator) as a prudent reader (prudens lector) chose the quotations not randomly, but according to the presupposed effect of the compilation. The reader of this kind of text, according to the monastic craft of the thought, produced new ideas by mediation upon the quotations, i.e. remembering all the connotations and relating them to the situation of the reader. Thus, the main function of authority of the quotations was to give an impetus to the thought in terms of tradition and not to suppress it.
Dungal and Macrobius: On the Perception of Ancient Texts by Medieval Authors
Authors: Петрова М.С.
Published: August 2021

В статье обсуждается проблема рецепции античного (натурфилософского) знания за-падноевропейской наукой раннего Средневековья. Отмечается возможность ее решения посредством текстуальных исследований компаративного характера, цель которых состоит не только в формировании общей «картины» усвоения предшествующего знания средневековой наукой, но и в накоплении сведений о разнообразных способах и методах его трансформации и использования. Автор анализирует текст ответного письма (811 г.) ирландского монаха Дунгала (fl. 811-828) Карлу Великому о природе солнечных затмений, основанного на античных источниках – «Естественной истории» Плиния Старшего (I в.) и «Комментария на ‘Сон Сципиона’» Макробия (V в.). Выявляются цели изложения Дунгала при составлении ответа Карлу; обсуждается порядок планетарных сфер; отмечается знание Дунгалом основ античной натурфилософии; показано, как он (в зависимости от источника – Плиния или Макробия) перестраивает и перерабатывает исходный текст. Сделан вывод о попытке Дунгала ответить на вопрос Карла о солнечных затмениях и полученном результате.

The paper discusses the importance of the problem of perception of ancient (natural-philosophical) knowledge by Western European science of the early Middle Ages. The possibility of its solution by means of textual comparative studies is noted. The purpose of such studies is not only the gradual and detailed formation of a general “picture” of the assimilation of previous knowledge by medieval science, but also the accumulation of information about various ways of using it. The text of the reply letter (811) of the Irish monk Dungal (fl. 811–828) to Charlemagne on the nature of solar eclipses, based on ancient sources (“Natural History” by Pliny the Elder [1st c.] and “Commentary on the ‘Dream of Scipio’ ” by Macrobius [V c.]), is under consideration. The explicit and hidden goals of the Dungal’s text are revealed; the order of the planetary spheres is discussed; Dungal's knowledge of the foundations of ancient natural philosophy is noted; it is shown how Dungal (depending on his source — Pliny or Macrobius) rebuilds and processes the original text. The conclusion is made about Dungal’s attempt to answer Charlemagne’s question and the result obtained.
The novels about “new people” of the turn of the 1860s-70s and their reception by the Russian society
Authors: Ильясова Л.Р.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматриваются свидетельства о реакции общества на романы о «новых людях», выходившие на рубеже 1860–1870-х гг. Приводятся мнения и отзывы критиков, читателей, цензуры, раскрываются факты о воздействии этой литературы на реальную деятельность интеллигентов. На основе этих данных подтверждается, что романы о «новых людях» отразили запросы и настроения разночинной интеллигенции, оказывали влияние на формирование ее мировоззрения и идеологии, что доказывает ценность такой литературы как исторического источника.

The article discusses the evidence of the reaction of the Russian society to novels about “new people”, published in the late 1860s – early 1870s. Opinions and reviews of critics, readers, censorship of works are presented, facts about the impact of this literature on the real activities of intellectuals are revealed. The study confirms the existing that novels about “new people” reflected the demands and moods of the raznochinnaya intelligentsia, influenced the formation of its worldview and ideology, which proves the value of such literature as a historical source.
“The disappointed pacifist”: Problems of war and peace in P.N. Milyukov’s journalism at the beginning of the XX century
Authors: Николаев Н.Ю.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассмотрены взгляды П.Н. Милюкова на проблемы войны и мира в 1910-е гг. Выявлено его отношение к вооруженным конфликтам, пацифистскому движению, милитаризму, разоружению и перспективам достижения всеобщего (вечного) мира. Определены причины и характер мировоззренческой эволюции Милюкова и его отказа от прежних антивоенных убеждений. Отдельно рассмотрена общественно-политическая позиция, занятая Милюковым в период Первой Мировой войны.

The article examines the views of P.N. Milyukov on the problems of war and peace in the 1910s. His attitude to armed conflicts, pacifist movement, militarism, disarmament, and prospects for achieving universal (eternal) peace is Revealed. The reasons and nature of Milyukov's worldview evolution and his rejection of previous anti-war beliefs are determined. The socio-political position taken by Milyukov during the First World war is considered separately.
A study on the extraction of characteristics of compound faults of rolling bearings based on ITD-AF-CAF
Authors: Ge Xiangdong , Yu Mingyue , Qiao Baodong , An Zhongyan
Published: August 2021

In view of the cyclostationary characteristics of vibration signals from aero-engine, the combination of cyclic autocorrelation function and intrinsic timescale decomposition (ITD) has been proposed. According to the proposed method, vibration signals are decomposed by ITD algorithm to obtain the autocorrelation function of proper rotation components (PRC), based on which characteristic extraction and identification of compound faults of rolling bearings is made possible. To validate the effectiveness of method, an analysis has been given to the vibration signals of rolling bearings collected by sensors of different positions in different compound fault modes. As shown by results, the method combining ITD and cyclostationary theory can precisely and effectively extract the characteristic frequency relative to the type of faults and identify the compound faults.
Convolution separation and application of joint diagonalization with optimal parameters on mechanical signals
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Xin Jianghui
Published: August 2021

Blind separation algorithm has the problem of separation stability in the condition of multiple convolution signals. Based on cluster analysis, combined with the optimal distance matrix and the optimal window, the joint diagonalization is improved, which can effectively improve the stability and accuracy of the signal separation. The full frequency divergence is set as the objective function of permutation ambiguity in the convolution separating process, the failure from convoluted blind source separation is solved. Combining with new joint diagonalization and convolution separation is to form a system approach, and is applied to the floor signal from the actual bench, the influence of excitation source in frequency is achieved, the system algorithm can be used as a reference of mechanical vibration analysis.
To the question of the history of the formation and development of orthopedic dental care in Russia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Аntonova Evgeniya , Akulin Igor ,   St. Petersburg State University, Davydova Tatiana ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the formation and development of orthopedic dental care in Russia.The focus is on the analysis of the organizational aspects of the provision of orthopedic care in general, the study of the processes of the emergence and formation of medical and social programs in terms of the provision of orthopedic dental care. The beginning of the article is connected with the background and history of the development of orthopedic dental care in Russia. The emergence of the term “medical and social care” in general and in dentistry in particular refers to the Soviet post-revolutionary period of national history. The authors analyze aspects of the history of the formation and development of medical and social programs for certain segments of the population, consider the quality and accessibility of orthopedic dental care created in the Soviet health care system, the specifics of development and legal regulation of the industry in the Soviet period. According to the authors, in the entire history of domestic health care, mass free and generally accessible provision of complex and currently quite expensive dental orthopedic care was implemented for the first time in the world in the Soviet Union for the insured population of the country. However, the level of training of specialists, the quality of materials, tools and manufactured prostheses remained low. The population of the country did not impose high aesthetic and functional requirements for the dentures and it also contributed to their low quality.
Main directions of legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in the context of a pandemic
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Egorova Mariia A. , Minbaleev Aleksei V. ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Kozhevina Ol’ga V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University),   Altai State University, Dufolt Alain ,   Duflot & Associates Law firm
Published: August 2021

Artificial intelligence technologies are considered today as an integral part of the life of our society. Problems and research on the use of artificial intelligence is carried out at the intersection of many scientific fields. Jurisprudence is no exception. In recent years, there has been a tendency to harmonize law in accordance with new challenges and global trends in the development of the information society, which includes the introduction of information and communication technologies into social processes. This causes a change in the system of public relations and the formation of specific branches and sub-branches of law, in particular information or digital law. The Russian Federation, like most modern states, has put forward serious tasks to create a system of legal regulation of artificial intelligence. This issue has become especially urgent in the context of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which triggered the expansion of the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies. The authors in the study raise the question of the most important areas of regulation in the use of artificial intelligence, primarily for sustainable economic development in a pandemic as well as for the activation of innovative technological entrepreneurship. The authors analyzed strategic documents and the legal basis for regulating artificial intelligence, science and technology of the digital economy in Russia. Based on the study of foreign practices in regard to normative legal regulation of the digital economy and artificial intelligence, the features of approaches in Europe and East Asia are revealed. The problem of digital ethics and ethics of artificial intelligence in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is acknowledged, and the prospects for the development of Russian legislation in the field of artificial intelligence are presented.
The trends in the development of the legal regime of the Northern Sea Route
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Bekyashev Damir K. , Bekyashev Kamil A. ,   Permanent Court of Arbitration (The Hague)
Published: August 2021

The Northern Sea Route is the national transport communication lane for the Russian Federation. Russia historically controls the Northern Sea Route through an appropriate national legal framework and international law. However, some states have raised the issue of internationalizing the Northern Sea Route and extending the freedom of navigation to it. In their opinion, shipping in the Arctic Straits should not be regulated by Russian law. In this regard, the authors consider it appropriate to conduct a study of the current legal regime of the Northern Sea Route and provide a legal assessment of the relevant proposals for its change. The article analyzes the history of the development of the Northern Sea Route, its structure and current legal regulation. Proposals to improve the current legal regime of the Northern Sea Route have been developed. Particular attention is paid to the study of the legal regime of the straits included in the Northern Sea Route, since there are different points of view in Russian and foreign science and practice. Given the importance of ensuring the safe operation of ships in the waters of the Northern Sea Route, the provisions of the Polar Code of the International Maritime Organization are analyzed. The authors substantiate the inconsistency of proposals for a radical change in the legal regime of the Northern Sea Route, which appear in foreign literature and statements by a number of foreign statesmen. The authors’ conclusions are based on an analysis of the current Russian legislation and international law, as well as the existing practice of using the Northern Sea Route by Russian and foreign vessels.
The legal nature of pre-insolvency proceedings under Russian and European law
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mastilovich Larisa
Published: August 2021

The article provides a critical analysis of bankruptcy prevention procedures in the context of interactions between the principle of self-regulation (interaction between free legal will of creditors and the debtor) and the principle “cross-class cram-down” (the right of a court to prevail over the principle of self-regulation). The judicial authority, within the framework of European preventive restructuring law, has the absolute right to discretionally decide on any issue if it is approved by the debtor (freedom of entrepreneurial activity is guaranteed to every solvent debtor). Interference in the business of the solvent and insolvent debtor by judicial authority is not allowed in any other procedures including traditional insolvency court procedures (the majority of creditors are empowered to make decisions). In all legal orders, the traditional insolvency court procedures prioritize the principle of “majority of creditors” to the principle of self-regulation in contrast to European preventive restructuring procedures, where the principle of self-regulation dominates. Therefore, European preventive restructuring cannot be unambiguously attributed to either a civil law legal nature or a bankruptcy law legal nature. In Russia pre-insolvency procedures represent only the civil law legal nature during all procedure. The author introduces new pre-bankruptcy terms: “normative legal collectivity” — mandatory distribution of consequences to all parties, “actual collectivity” — the voluntary consent of all creditors in a particular case and “regulatory actual collectivity” — the requirements for voluntary consent of all creditors. The final result of the European preventive restructuring procedure is unknown until the very end (the same for traditional insolvency court procedures), while according to Art. 31 of the Bankruptcy Law Act of the Russian Federation, the result is fully known from the beginning where it works according to the principle: “either everything and immediately, or nothing”.
Compensation for harm resulting from the usage of a building: Comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese law
Authors:   China University of Political Science and Law, Erbakhaev Evgeniy A. , Kratenko Maxim V. ,   Pskov State University
Published: August 2021

The article examines the problem of compensation for harm caused in the process of using a building and structure. Attention is paid to the side of the defendant in relation to apartment buildings and non-residential buildings, the distribution of liability in the case of a plurality of tortfeasors, the regulation of third-party liability issues by the contract. A comparative analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China regulating the liability of building’s owners (users) and contractors involved in the maintenance of a building as well as court practice is conducted. The choice of the Chinese legal system is due to the presence of special rules in Tort Liability Law of China (2009). According to the results of the study, the authors have formulated a number of proposals, in particular: to unify the legal regime for residential and non-residential buildings for the purposes of compensation for harm caused to third parties; to differentiate the liability for harm caused by the destruction of a building (its structural components) and damage due to items falling out from the building (snow or ice falling from the roof, falling advertising designs, objects being thrown out of the building, etc.), to allow the contractual regulation of owner’s liability provided that the victim is given the right to choose the defendant (the building’s owner or the maintenance company, the contractor involved). The authors also argue in favor of a codified act as a source of tort law, which will ensure consistent regulation of the studied relations.
Types of fideicommissa in Roman inheritance law
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kopylov Alexander V.
Published: August 2021

The article analyses the historical process of dividing the original fideicommissum institution into separate types: family fideicommissum, singular fideicommissum and universal fideicommissum. Family fideicommissum appeared in the inheritance law of Ancient Rome due to the legislator’s desire to limit the freedom of disposition of property that a legatee and other members of his family used to have. The aim of such a limitation was to keep the estate within one Roman family. The author concludes that the legal nature of fideicommissum was based on the transfer of the estate’s assets only (and not liabilities) from an heir to a legatee. This led to the gradual unification of bequests and singular fideicommissa in Roman law. The author bases the analysis of peculiarities of universal fideicommissum on its comparison with legatum partitionis. As a result, it is found that there was a fundamental change in the legal nature of universal fideicommissum. A universal fideicommissum was originally based on the singular succession principle, but the Trebellian senate’s decree (senatusconsultum Trebellianum) permitted the transfer of liabilities, which were a part of estate property, from an heir to a legatee as well as assets, thus permitting universal succession. Due to this, the merger of universal fideicommissa with the bequest became impossible and universal fideicommissum retained its independence in the Roman inheritance law. In course of the research, the author uses translations of fragments from the most important monuments of Roman law — the Justinian Novels, which have not been published in Russian before.
Layer-by-layer self-assembly preparation and desalination performance of graphene oxide membrane
Authors: Hu Jun , Yang Zuoguo
Published: August 2021

Unlike previous utilization of ultrafiltration membranes as supporters of graphene oxide (GO) composite membranes, this study first adopts microporous nylon membranes as substrates. The cationic polyelectrolyte/GO composite membranes are prepared by the layer-by-layer self-assembly method via electrostatic attraction. The introduction of polycations between nanochannels in the GO membranes effectively suppresses the swelling and improves the stability of the membranes. It is found that the polyelectrolytes' charge density and the surface potential of the composite membranes jointly determine the membranes' properties. The experimental results show that the novel GO membranes can obtain high flux and considerable desalination performance under low operating pressure. Typically, the salt rejection rate reaches 66.8% for 1.0 g/L MgSO4, and the flux is 39.8 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1. Benefitting from the GO composite membranes keeping similar retention for both high and low concentration salt solutions, the ideal desalination performance could be obtained through multi-stage processes on the premise of ensuring high flux, which is more suitable for industry.
A Comprehensive Review on Chrysin: Emphasis on Molecular Targets, Pharmacological Actions and Bio-pharmaceutical Aspects
Authors: Garg Anuj , Chaturvedi Shashank
Published: August 2021

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Chrysin (a flavonoid) has shown various promising pharmacological activities viz. anticancer,
anti-diabetic, immune-modulation, antidepressant, and anti-asthmatic. Additionally, it exhibited
potential protective effects against various toxins on different organs like the liver, brain,
kidney, and heart. A multitude of studies have been conducted to explore the possible targets for its
possible mechanism of action. However, its therapeutic applications have been limited due to its
poor oral bioavailability. The major reason for its poor bioavailability is its extensive first-pass
metabolism. A critical review of the pharmacological properties of chrysin and its associated molecular
targets has not been discussed as yet comprehensively. Therefore, the emphasis of the present
work is to provide an in-depth understanding of molecular targets accountable for the pharmacological
actions of chrysin. Moreover, a schematic diagram was made for the first time to represent the
comprehensive pharmacokinetic properties of chrysin, which helps to understand the biopharmaceutical
aspect for its successful delivery. An in-depth understanding of the biopharmaceutical
properties of chrysin will help in adopting a suitable formulation approach to overcome poor oral
bioavailability. Additionally, it facilitates to study the possible pharmacokinetic interactions of
chrysin with other drugs. Hence, we found that chrysin is a miraculous natural agent with myriad
therapeutic properties, and its benefit can be exploited with an in-depth understanding of molecular
targets, pharmacological actions, and biopharmaceutical attributes.