bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ΟΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΤΕΧΝΙΚΟΙ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΣΤΟΧΟΙ ΤΟΥΣ (1880-1910)
Authors: ΜΑΥΡΟΜΙΧΑΛΗ ΕΥΘΥΜΙΑ Ε.
Published: October 2015

Efthimia Mavromichali, Artists associations in Greece 1880-1910 and their goals

During the last twenty years of the 19th century and the first decadeof the 20th the first artists associations appear in Athens. Such societiesare founded mostly through the initiative of art-lovers and are indicativeof the new sociability of the rising middle classes of Athens. Artistsattempt to establish their own societies, to demarcate and safeguardtheir professional rights, but without success. Being, however, dependenton art-lovers for financial support and social power, artists are compelledto include them in their associations. The role of the artist in suchassociations is advisory and consultative. Thus artists associations inGreece differ from contemporary associations founded in the rest ofEurope, in that the principles governing their formation are not primarilybased on matters of style and artistic principles.In this study I examine the function and activity of three suchsocieties, namely, The Art-lovers' Society, The Artists' Union, and TheArtists' Society. The artistic activity during the period in question ismarked by the private initiatives of art-lovers and artists. This, however,stands in a wider social context that attributes a national andmoral mission to art and expects art to contribute to national renewal,especially after the devastating war of 1897.Artists' associations attempt to fulfil their mission in society bypromoting the fine arts, by cultivating the development of aestheticcriteria among a wide range of people and by supporting artists. Inpursuit of these goals, they organise exhibitions which, although notalways under strict artistic rules, give a significant impulse to art marketing,and pave the way for state initiatives in support of art and artists.
ΝΕΑΝΙΚΕΣ ΑΝΑΖΗΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΗ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΤΟΧΗΣ. Ο ΕΟΠ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟ "ΞΕΚΙΝΗΜΑ"
Authors: ΒΑΡΩΝ-ΒΑΣΑΡ ΟΝΤΕΤ
Published: October 2015

Odette Varon-Vassard, Entre Littérature et Résistance: L'association EOPet la reçue Ξεκίνημα (1944)

Durant l'occupation nazie en Grèce (1941-1944), s'est produit un phénomèned'épanouissement culturel lié au mouvement de la Résistance.Cet article a pour but de mettre en lumière un exemple des plus marquants.Il s'agit d'une association culturelle de l'Université de Saloniquel'«EOP» et de la revue de cette association: Ξεκίνημα (Départ). La spécificitéde cette édition était de n'être pas clandestine tout en appartenantà l'organisation de l'EPON (Organisation de résistance de la gauche pour les jeunes). La revue Ξεκίνημα a été éditée de février 1944 jusqu'ennovembre de la même année publiant onze numéros, dont trois étaientdoubles. L'âme de la revue était Manolis Anagnostakis, le rédacteuren chef. Dans cette revue Ξεκίνημα nous pouvons suivre non seulementles débuts de l'oeuvre poétique de Manolis Anagnostakis, mais égalementet surtout, son oeuvre comme critique littéraire. Un groupe de jeunespoètes de Salonique, qui deviendront des poètes importants de l'aprèsguerre, publient pour la première fois dans cette revue. Au-delà de lapoésie, étaient également publiées des traductions, certaines remarquablescomme des traductions des textes de Rainer Maria Rilke, GuillaumeAppolinaire, Jules Supervielle et Federico Garcia Lorca, pour la premièrefois en Grèce. Autre grand intérêt, est que cette revue de jeunesdépasse les «règles» que l'idéologie de la gauche imposait à la littératurelaissant discerner un changement de l'attitude de la gauche enversla littérature. Si avant la guerre les revues culturelles de la gauche,obéissant au modèle marxiste, considéraient que la littérature devaitservir la cause du peuple, cet oukase dans cette petite revue est dépassé.Il s'est avéré alors un changement dans une attitude de la gauchequi s'était montrée compacte jusque là envers la littérature. De cettefaille, nous retrouverons la trace après les années '50 auprès des intellectuelsde la gauche qui ont été formés, jeunes alors, durant l'occupation.Il apparaît donc que le contexte de l'occupation est celui qui apermis une telle liberté d'esprit, tandis que, après la libération, en novembre1944, la revue s'arrêtera.
Νάση Μπάλτα, «Η καρδιοβόρος αγωνία της κάλπης». Τύπος και βουλευτικές εκλογές την εποχή του Χαριλάου Τρικούπη, 1881-1895
Authors: ΜΠΟΧΩΤΗΣ ΘΑΝΑΣΗΣ Ν.
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΜΒΟΛΙΚΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΤΟΥ 19ου ΑΙΩΝΑ. ΟΙ ΕΘΝΟΜΆΡΤΥΡΕΣ
Authors: ΤΖΕΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
UT PICTURA PHOTOGRAPHIA. ΣΧΟΛΙΟ ΣΕ ΜΙΑ ΦΩΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΣΠΥΡΟΥ ΜΕΛΕΤΖΗ
Authors: ΓΚΡΑΤΖΙΟΥ ΟΛΓΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΤΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΟΙ ΣΤΟ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ ΚΡΑΤΟΣ. ΠΡΩΤΗ ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΗ: ΑΘΗΝΑ, 1930-1990
Authors: ΛΟΥΚΟΣ ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΕΞΩΓΑΜΑ ΠΑΙΔΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΨΥΧΟΠΑΙΔΙΑ ΣΤΟ ΧΩΡΟ ΤΩΝ ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΩΝ ΑΛΠΕΩΝ (1750-1940). ΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΙΚΕΣ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΟΠΤΙΚΕΣ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ ΜΑΡΙΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΣΥΝΗΓΟΡΙΑ ΥΠΕΡ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ Ή «ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΡΟΝΤΟΣ»
Authors: ΒΕΝΤΟΥΡΑ ΛΙΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΤΟ «ΔΙΑΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΡΥΜΟΤΟΜΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΓΑΛΑΞΕΙΔΙΟΥ» ΤΟΥ 1882 ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΠΟΛΕΟΔΟΜΙΚΑ ΣΧΕΔΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΩΝ ΠΟΛΕΩΝ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΟΝ 19ο ΑΙΩΝΑ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΥ-ΒΕΝΕΤΑΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Les Etudes Sociales, τχ. 131-132 —lo και 2ο εξάμηνο 2000— «Les monographies de familles de l'Ecole de Le Play (1855-1930)» / Les Etudes Sociales, τχ. 133 —lo εξάμηνο 2001— «Monographies et éducation»
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΑΝΗ ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Βασίλης Κ. Γούναρης, Στις όχθες τον Υδραγόρα. Οικογένεια, οικονομία και αστική κοινωνία στο Μοναστήρι 1897-1911, Αθήνα, Στάχυ, 2000
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ ΚΑΤΕΡΙΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Δημήτρης Δημητρόπουλος - Εύη Ολυμπίτου, Αρχείο τον Κεντρικού Συμβουλίου της ΕΠΟΝ. Συλλογή Αρχείων Σύγχρονης Κοινωνικής Ιστορίας. Κατάλογοι και Ευρετήρια, ΙΑΕΝ- ΕΙΕ/ΚΝΕ, αρ. 35, Αθήνα 2000
Authors: ΒΑΡΩΝ-ΒΑΣΑΡ ΟΝΤΕΤ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΕΥΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΣΤΗ ΜΕΤΑΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΗ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ. Η ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΚΕΝΤΡΟΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΑΣ
Authors: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ ΑΝΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΩΝΥΜΙΚΗΣ ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΦΟΡΑΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΛΒΑΝΙΚΗ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ
Authors: ΚΡΕΤΣΗ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΤΙΚΕΣ ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑΣ. ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟ ΕΛΕΓΧΟ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΜΟΙΒΑΙΟΤΗΤΑ
Authors: ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ ΒΑΣΩ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Έφη Αβδελά, Δια λόγους τιμής. Βία, συναισθήματα και αξίες στη μετεμφυλιακή Ελλάδα, Αθήνα, Νεφέλη, 2002
Authors: ΚΑΡΟΥΖΟΥ ΕΥΗ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
«ΜΑΣ ΛΕΝΕ ΠΟΜΑΚΟΥΣ!» ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΒΙΩΜΑΤΑ ΣΕ ΜΕΙΟΝΟΤΙΚΕΣ, ΠΕΡΙΘΩΡΙΑΚΕΣ ΤΑΥΤΟΤΗΤΕΣ
Authors: ΤΣΙΜΠΙΡΙΔΟΥ ΦΩΤΕΙΝΗ
Published: October 2015

Fotini Tsibiridou, «On nous appelle Pomah). Héritages et politiques, constructionset expériences des identités minoritaires et marginales

Ce texte puise ses données et ses arguments d'une «ethnographie» quiest en voie de publication en France. La dernière traite des constructionssocioculturelles des identités dans la montagne du Rhodope de la Thracegrecque. Elle cherche à relever les manières avec lesquelles les identitésculturelles, sexuelles et sociales dont la plus récente, l'identité ethnique,sont vécues par les sujets. La montagne du Rhodope est habitée par despopulations musulmanes slavophones qui sont marginales par rapport à la majorité de la «minorité musulmane» de la Thrace grecque, à partirde 1923.Dans le texte présent, la problématique anthropologique (théorie,terrain, ethnographe) est d'abord exposée de manière raccourcie; par lasuite, ce texte est centré sur le passé de ces populations, ou, mieux, surle traitement du passé et de son héritage sur le présent.Dans ce cadre, ambiguïtés, ambivalences, états conflictuels et réticencessemblent définir des identités culturelles et sociales différentessous le poids des macro- et micro-politiques et des conditions sociohistoriquesprécises. Or, toutes ces sociétés montagnardes avaient unpoint au moins en commun: l'héritage du passé d'une identificationcommune hétérodéfinie par les groupes voisins, stigmatisée par des attributsnégatifs comme «différent» et «inférieur», «minoritaire» et «marginal», «infidèle» et «peu fiable».Ces discriminations en héritage sont littéralement «incorporées» dansles attitudes quotidiennes et rituelles des sujets sociaux, comme la recherchesur le terrain l'a constaté; leurs pratiques comprennent, entreautres, l'adoption du silence, l'hésitation de s'extrérioriser et de s'exposer, l'immobilisation devant la présence de tout pouvoir, la symbolisationdans la situation suspendue, le passage dans la marge de la modernité.
ΓΕΩΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ ΣΥΓΚΡΟΤΗΣΗΣ TOΥ ΡΗΓΑ
Authors: ΚΡΕΜΜΥΔΑΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΗΣ
Published: October 2015

Vassilis Kremmydas, Géographie de la formation politique de Rigas Vélestinlis

Par «géographie», nous entendons les conditions, sociales et idéologiques,qui ont permis le développement du personnage politique: à Vélestino,la famille de Rigas bénéficiait d'une bonne situation économique etaspirait à participer dans l'exercice du pouvoir local. Eduqué d'aborddans diverses écoles réputées de sa région, Rigas poursuivit ses étudesà Constantinople. Sa famille, qui se trouvait en conflit permanent avecle pouvoir ottoman, était liée à de puissantes familles de notables grecs.Ce sont ces réseaux familiaux quiauront permis à Rigas d'établirdes liens personnels avec le milieu des notables grecs exerçant leur pouvoirdans les Balkans et de suivre de près les événements politiques européensde haut niveau. Ces informations se reflétaint dans ses idées politiques,fondées sur une base solide.La péninsule balkanique constituait le talon d'Achille de l'EmpireOttoman: les autres empires la convoitaient. Les bases du programmepolitique de Rigas allaient à rencontre du pouvoir ottoman aussi bien que du despotisme: son pays, la Grèce, serait libérée et intégrée dansle nouvel Empire Balkanique, formé au moment où Napoléon Bonapartefondait le sien. Le programme politique de Rigas ne fut pas un programmede l'époque des révolutions nationales, mais celui de l'ère desmouvements séparatistes et régionaux. Il se situait par conséquent auxconfins des idées impériale et nationale.
ΤΟ «ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟ» ΚΑΙ ΤΟ «ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟ» ΣΤΗ ΝΕΑ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ Ή ΤΑ ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΟΜΕΝΑ ΟΡΙΑ TOΥ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΥ
Authors: ΑΒΔΕΛΑ ΕΦΗ
Published: October 2015

Efi Avdela, Le ((publique» et le «privé» dans Ja nouvelle histoire politiqueou les confins changeants du politique

Les elaborations de la nouvelle histoire politique, dont la reconceptualisationdu politique en tant que champ aux confins fluides et changeants,sont ici mises en rapport avec la recherche sur la construction historiquede la dichotomie entre domaine publique et domaine privé et leursconnotations sexuées. Sont ainsi identifiés certains des multiples chantiersqui s'ouvrent pour la recherche historique par une histoire politique quiprenne en considération la notion du genre.
ΕΝΝΟΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΕΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΥ ΣΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ
Authors: ΒΑΡΙΚΑ ΕΛΕΝΗ
Published: October 2015

Eleni Varikas, Les notions du «social» et du «politique» dans l'histoire

Dans cet article, je traite de certains problèmes théoriques et méthodologiquesqui résultent de la dissociation du «social)) et du «politique» dans l'étude du passé. Partant de l'historicité d'une telle dissociation,et de son rapport étroit avec la constitution historique des sciencessociales, j'interroge la difficulté de l'étude du passé de s'arracher à ladimension scientiste d'une telle tradition qui a longtemps attribué àl'Histoire le statut de la Providence. Au coeur d'une telle conception del'histoire, se situe la notion du progrès qui accorde au «fait vainqueur»,une autorité à la fois éthique et scientifique. Au delà de ses implicationsproblématiques sur le plan éthique, une telle démarche pose des problèmesde rigueur scientifique dont le plus important est d'éloigner de notrevision l'imprévisible, l'inconnu, tout ce qu'on ne peut déduire de ce quel'on connaît déjà. Partant d'exemples pris dans l'histoire des idées etl'histoire politique, je plaide enfin pour la valeur euristique d'une optiquede l'échec, c'est-à-dire d'un point de vue qui revisite le passé du pointde vue des projets, actions, promesses qui ont échoué.
«ΟΡΙΕΝΤΑΛΙΣΜΟΣ». ΤΟ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΟ ΩΣ ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ
Authors: ΓΑΖΗ ΕΦΗ
Published: October 2015

Effie Gazi, «Orientalism». The «text» as «event».

This paper traces the impact of Edward Said's «Orientalism» on thesocial sciences in the twenty years that followed its first publication.Main emphasis is put on the analytical tools and interpretative strategiesgenerated through a critical reading of «Orientalism» by various disciplinesand fields. In this direction, four interlinked debates are identified:a) one focussing on the function of «Orientalism» as an heuristic toolrather than a general theory in order to overcome the reductionism inherentin holistic frameworks; b) a more or less orthodox marxist lineof argumentation emphasizing the need to move from the «representations» of non-western societies in the western imagination to a substantialstudy of those societies themselves with a particular interest in theirsocial stratification and class conflict rather than their «image»; c) adebate that prioritizes a reversed pattern of «Orientalism» arguing forthe use of the term «Occidentalism» and the need to identify the strategiesand concepts involved in the construction of the «West» ratherthan that of the «East» and d) the arguments produced within theframework of the «colonial discourse analysis» and more specifically the«Subaltern Studies Programme» that turn their interest in a furtherelaboration of the orientalist theme enriching particularly cultural analysiswith concepts such as hybridity, trans-culturation and ethnoorientalism.
Sevket Pamuk, Osmanli Imparatorlugunda Paranin Tarihi
Authors: ΚΟΛΟΒΟΣ ΗΛΙΑΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Yves Déloye, Ecole et citoyenneté. L'individualisme républicain de Jules Ferry à Vichy: controverses
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΑΝΗ ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Ο ΧΡΥΣΑΝΘΟΣ ΝΟΤΑΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΕΚΔΟΣΗ ΤΗΣ «ΔΩΔΕΚΑΒΙΒΛΟΥ» ΤΟΥ ΔΟΣΙΘΕΟΥ ΙΕΡΟΣΟΛΥΜΩΝ: ΜΙΑ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΗ ΑΝΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΧΡΟΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΕΚΔΟΣΗΣ (1715 / c.1722)
Authors: ΣΑΡΡΗΣ ΚΩΣΤΑΣ
Published: October 2015

Kostas Sarris, Chrysanthos Notar as and the publication of "Dodekavivlos" by Dositheos of Jerusalem: a case of false publication date (1715 / c.1722)

The article focuses on «Dodekavivlos» by Dositheos the patriarch of Jerusalem (1641-1707). His historiographic work was published after his decease by the Greek publishing house of Anthime in Bucharest. The book was edited by his nephew and successor to the patriarchical throne of Jerusalem Chrysanthos Notaras and the publisher and future bishop of Wallachia Mitrofanis Grigoras. The study concentrates on the false date of publication noted under the title of "Dodekavivlos", that is to say, October 1715, whereas, in reality, the book was published between 1721 and 1723. In the first part of the article, the process followed during the edition and the publication of the book is depicted. Moreover, the outset of the aforementioned procedure as well as the publication date of «Dodekavivlos» is determined. In this context, some aspects of history of the publishing house Anthime are clarified whilst the publishing work and the technical impediments confronted by a Greek publishing house in the Rumanian Principalities in the turning point of the 18th century are delineated. The second part of the article attempts to formulate a cohesive and comprehensive interpretation of the false publication date. Both the polemic character of the content of «Dodekavivlos», which due to the rivalry over the religious establishments of the Holy Land, was of political nature, and Chrysanthos Notaras' correspondence along with the historical background of the publication can conduce to some conjectures over Chrysanthos' decision not to record the real date but an earlier one as well as the choice of the particular date of the title. According to the interpretation brought forward, Nicolaos Mavrokordatos' potential political ventures played a significant role. Also, telltale, though of less importance, is the fact that the name of the publisher and bishop of Wallachia Anthimos Iviritis is not recorded under the false date of the title of «Dodekavivlos».
ΟΙ ΠΡΟΤΕΣΤΑΝΤΙΚΕΣ ΙΔΕΕΣ, Ο MARK TWAIN ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΠΡΟΤΥΠΟ TOΥ ΠΑΙΔΙΚΟΥ ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΑ ΣΤΟ ΜΙΣΣΙΟΝΑΡΙΚΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ (19ΟΣ ΑΙ.)
Authors: ΘΑΝΑΗΛΑΚΗ ΠΟΛΛΗ
Published: October 2015

Polly Thanailaki, The protestant ideas, Mark Twain and the model of the child's character in the missionary books in Greece in the 19th century

This essay explores the historical evolution which was observed in the shaping of the child's model of character in the American literature books of the 19th century within the frame of the protestant ideas and values. It also studies the impact of this development in the missionary books for children in Greece in the same century. We particularly focus on Mark Twain's revolutionary presence in the American children's literature by, firstly, placing emphasis on the change that the great American author made to the strict puritan model with the shaping of a more liberal and «innocent» children's character and, secondly, by analyzing the response which Twain's books met from the Greek 19th century readers. In this paper we argue that Twain's writing, known for realism, biting social satire and memorable children's characters, influenced the Greek children's literature in the end of the 19th century. The translations of his works started taking the lead in the end of this century in Greece. Moreover, this essay studies the re-shaping of the child's character in the missionary books published in Greece in the mid 19th century. The missionaries also followed the new trend for the children's character. The missionary stories appeared less didactic and strict.
Παναγιώτης Κόκκας, Γιόρκα Νικολάου, "Θησαυροί" νεωτέρων χρόνων του Νομισματικού Μουσείου (15ος-20ός αι.)
Authors: ΛΙΑΤΑ ΕΥΤΥΧΙΑ Δ.
Published: October 2015

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TABLE DES MATIERES / CONTENTS
Authors: Mnimon Mnimon
Published: October 2015

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Η ΡΙΖΟΣΠΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΔΕΞΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΑΓΡΟΤΙΚΟ ΖΗΤΗΜΑ ΣΤΙΣ ΑΡΧΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΙΚΟΣΤΟΥ ΑΙΩΝΑ. Η ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΗ TOΥ ΧΡΗΣΤΟΒΑΣΙΛΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑΣ «ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΣ»
Authors: ΠΟΤΑΜΙΑΝΟΣ ΝΙΚΟΣ
Published: October 2015

Nikos Potamianos, The Radical Right and the Agrarian Question in the Early 20th Century. The Case of Christovassilis and the "Hellenism Asosociation"

The subject of this article is an aspect of the history of the radical right in Greece, namely its intellectual and political response to the agrarian question which emerged in Greece at the end of the 19th century after the incorporation of new provinces where large landownership was predominant. In particular, the arguments and theses of a cadre of the biggest nationalist league of Athens in 1907 are examined, in contrast to its earlier views on the agrarian question and in contrast to the discourse of the radical supporters of the sharecroppers as well as the landowners. Christovassilis adopts a pro-peasant stand, attacking capitalist landowners and indirectly proposing the purchase of the land by its cultivators with the assistance of the state. However, his main aim was to prove that parliamentary democracy was incapable of improving the sharecroppers' situation, a task which only an authoritarian state could accomplish. Crucial in Christovassilis' arguments was the use of nationalist discourse in order to legalize sharecroppers' demands: he linked the peasants' struggle for land in the past with the national conflict with the Ottoman conquerors, equating land with fatherland and, therefore, the ownership of land of Thessaly with the peasants' participation in the nation. Christovassilis' earlier views which put emphasis on the social aspects of the agrarian question gave way to the pre-ponderance of the nationalist argument, which was in turn related to other aspects of the ideology of the radical right. "Hellenism" followed a strategy of appealing to the mobilized subordinate classes — but without totally adopting their point of view. It was always clear that the viewpoint of the association was that of paternalism, not of emancipation. One of the points of its criticism against the democratic state was that the latter was not powerful enough torepress the impending peasant revolt. The restoration of law and orderwas for the radical right more important than the improvement of the living conditions of the lower strata. And the adoption of popular demands, in general, proved to be merely rhetoric: when the class struggle became more intense, especially in the case of the agrarian movementof 1910, "Hellenism" remained aloof.
ΤΥΧΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟ 5-9-1816 ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗΣ TOΥ Α. ΚΟΡΑΗ (ΜΟΛΙΕΡΟΣ, ΚΟΚΚΙΝΑΚΗΣ, ΣΚΥΛΙΤΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΛΙΘΟΓΡΑΦΟΣ)
Authors: ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗΣ ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΣ Ε.
Published: October 2015

Triantaphyllos E. Sklavenitis, The Fate of Korais's Letter of 5 September 1816. (Molière, Kokkinakis, Skylitsis and the lithographer)

In response to Adamantios Korais's suggestion that Tartuffe should be translated into Modern Greek, Konstantinos Kokkinakis translated the play, had it printed in 1815 and sent a copy to Korais for his comments. Korais set out his opinion on the translation, with critical comments, in a long letter to Kokkinakis dated 5 September 1816. In 1851 Ioannis Isidoridis Skylitsis published his own translation of Tartuffe in Smyrna and after twenty years, in 1871, republished it in a reviewed form. Both in his prefatory notes and in his translation, Skylitsis repudiated Korais's condemnation of rhyming verse, and he also rejected Kokkinakis's decision to adhere as closely as possible to Moliere's words: instead, he followed the example of Konstantinos Oikonomos, who had made a free translation of L'Avare in 1816. However, in 1871's edition Skylitsis put as a frontispiece a fascimile lithograph of 1816's letter in honour of Korais's opinions despite the fact that he disagreed with them.
ΑΝΑΝΕΩΝΟΝΤΑΣ ΤΗ ΜΑΤΙΑ ΜΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΕΙΚΟΣΙΕΝΑ. ΜΕ ΑΦΟΡΜΗ ΤΟΝ ΜΑΚΡΥ­ΓΙΑΝΝΗ ΤΟΥ ΝΙΚΟΥ ΘΕΟΤΟΚΑ
Authors: ΣΤΑΘΗΣ ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΗΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Ουρανία Πολυκανδριώτη, Η διάπλαση των Ελλήνων. Αριστοτέλης Π. Κουρτίδης (1858-1928), IAEN 48/INE-EIE 123, Αθήνα 2011
Authors: ΠΑΤΣΙΟΥ ΒΙΚΥ , ΚΑΓΙΑΛΗΣ ΤΑΚΗΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Jean-Clément Martin, Nouvelle histoire de la Révolution française, Παρίσι, ￼Perrin, 2012
Authors: ΣΦΟΙΝΗ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Βιβλιοκρισίες
Authors: Mnimon Mnimon
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Σχέσεις μεταξύ του σχολικού κλίματος και της επαγγελματικής ικανοποίησης των δασκάλων
Authors: Sotiriou Apostolos , Iordanidis George
Published: October 2015

Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να διερευνήσει τις σχέσεις της επαγγελματικής ικανοποίησης των δασκάλων με το κλίμα που επικρατεί στο σχολείο τους, όπως το αντιλαμβάνονται οι ίδιοι οι δάσκαλοι. Επίσης, στους στόχους της έρευνας ήταν να διερευνήσει και τις επιδράσεις που ασκούν το φύλο και η επαγγελματική εμπειρία των δασκάλων στη διαμόρφωση της επαγγελματικής ικανοποίησής τους και του σχολικού κλίματος. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 209 δάσκαλοι και δασκάλες. Η μέτρηση της επαγγελματικής ικανοποίησης έγινε με το Job Satisfaction Index. Η μέτρηση του σχολικού κλίματος έγινε με το Revised School Level Environment Questionnaire. Η επαγγελματική εμπειρία των δασκάλων μετρήθηκε με βάση τα έτη υπηρεσίας τους. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η επαγγελματική ικανοποίηση των δασκάλων συσχετίζεται και με το κλίμα του σχολείου τους. Επίσης, από τα αποτελέσματα φάνηκε ότι το φύλο δεν αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα διαφοροποίησης της επαγγελματικής ικανοποίησης, αλλά διαφοροποιεί σε κάποιο βαθμό ορισμένες μεταβλητές του σχολικού κλίματος. Τέλος, η επαγγελματική εμπειρία φάνηκε ότι αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα διαφοροποίησης της επαγγελματικής ικανοποίησης των δασκάλων αλλά και των περισσοτέρων μεταβλητών του σχολικού κλίματος.
Activating solidarity. The French reforms of minimum income schemes: a critical assessment
Authors: Eydoux Anne
Published: October 2015

The article presents the main features of French Minimum Income Schemes (MISs) and examines how activation has changed the French concept of solidarity: originally thought as “social debts” towards poor households, MISs now mainly refer to individual duties. Subsequently, it will question this change, relying on the analysis of the failure of the Revenu de Solidarite Active (RSA), and draw more general conclusions.
ΕΠΙΤΥΜΒΙΑ ΣΤΗΛΗ ΜΟΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΔΙΔΥΜΟΤΕΙΧΟ
Authors: Τσόκα Αθανασία
Published: October 2015

Η επιτύμβια στήλη του μονομάχου που αποτελεί αντικείμενο της παρούσας μελέτης βρέθηκε στο Διδυμότειχο κατά τη διάρκεια εκσκαπτικών εργασιών για την ανέγερση κατοικίας.

Πρόκειται για ορθογώνια μαρμάρινη στήλη στην οποία απεικονίζεται όρθιος αγένειος μονομάχος σε "δόξα". Πάνω και κάτω απο την παράσταση αναπτύσσεται επιγραφή με πληροφορίες για το όνομα του νεκρού και τον τρόπο θανατου του.

 

 
Practice Prize Paper—Incorporating Emotions into Evaluation and Choice Models: Application to Kmart Australia
Authors: Roberts Ken , Roberts John H. , Danaher Peter J. , Raghavan Rohan
Published: October 2015

This paper addresses the repositioning of Kmart Australia in 2011. It shows how by calibrating emotional as well as cognitive reactions and estimating their impact on purchase intentions, Kmart was able to focus its communications, improving market share. We measure nine key emotions, ranging from surprise to anger. Including these emotions significantly improves our model for likelihood to choose a store. Measuring emotions enabled Kmart’s advertising agency to create a television commercial that tapped into the specific emotions that most strongly predict the likelihood to choose a store; that is, the model drove the development of the advertising creative. The resulting television commercial tested well and was effective when launched. At the individual level, cognitions and emotions changed dramatically. At the aggregate level, an econometric model showed that store visits were significantly enhanced. Kmart’s EBIT (earnings before interest and tax) increased by 30%, whereas Kmart’s main rival had almost no EBIT growth, despite vigorous attempts to counter Kmart’s campaign. One of our key contributions is to incorporate emotions into marketing science models of evaluation and purchase intentions. We also provide a new methodology to measure emotions. The approach enables marketing science to participate in the design of marketing stimuli, rather than just testing preexisting ones.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0954 .
Drawing-from-Memory in Constructional Apraxia: Effects of Focal Cortical Lesions on Performance
Authors: McCrea Simon M. , Chomiak Debbi L.
Published: October 2015

Constructional apraxia is impairment in activities such as building, assembling, and drawing. In this paper data is presented on the performance of left and right hemisphere single focal contiguous stroke lesion participants on drawing tasks of houses, trees, and persons. In this study, 41 participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including the House-Tree-Person Drawing Task. The drawings were then rated as exhibiting signs of neurological impairment or non-impairment by three evaluators that were blinded to the medical condition of the patient. The neuropsychological evaluator did not rate the drawings. There was 72% agreement between the three evaluators of the 123 drawings in their dichotomous ratings of constructional apraxia drawings. Both a group mean and case series analysis was used to examine the data and some patterns of concordance with a detailed cognitive neuropsychological model of constructional apraxia was found.
Reducing Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Maltreated Youth through Relationships
Authors: Day Timothy L. , Kearney Christopher A.
Published: October 2015

1. Sense of relatedness and PTSD symptoms were inversely related among maltreated youth; 2. Trust, support, comfort, and tolerance most closely related inversely to PTSD symptoms, but especially tolerance for others; 3. Tolerance related to assertiveness was most closely related inversely to PTSD symptoms; 4. Findings help identify what aspects of resilience may help prevent PTSD symptoms in maltreated youth.
Attachment, Loss, Trauma and Personality in Resistant Depression
Authors: Haliburn Joan
Published: October 2015

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. The World Health Organization ranked it as the leading cause of morbidity, resulting in high utilization of health services and decreased work productivity. The concept of depression throughout history has changed and continues to change, from simplistic notions of single causal factors to more complex etiology. This paper aims to discuss the changing ideas of depression; the importance of attachment, of unresolved grief and loss as traumatic factors contributing to pathologies of personality and the development and maintenance of depression. I will illustrate with a brief case history the need to take into account these factors and the prominent affects experienced in the treatment of resistant depression, rather than resorting to pharmacotherapy alone.
Aldo van Eyck and the Rise of an Ethnographic Paradigm in the 1960s
Authors: Teyssot Georges
Published: October 2015

Aldo van Eyck e o surgimento de um paradigma etnográfico na década de 1960. A comunicação inicia-se com a famosa introdução de Colin Rowe ao livro Five Architects (Nova Yorque, 1972), que refere uma citação de Aldo van Eyck publicada em Team 10 Primer (Londres: Studio Vista, 1968) advogando a necessidade da arquitectura “construir significado”. A questão que um Colin Rowe céptico se colocava pode ser assim resumida: faz sentido “construir significado”, ou pode-se acrescentar “significado” à arquitectura? Claro que Colin Rowe se estava a referir ao Team 10, mas também ao livro Meaning in Architecture editado por Charles Jencks e George Baird (Londres / Nova Yorque, 1969), que também incluiu um texto de Aldo van Eyck sobre a arquitectura dos Dogon na África Ocidental.Neste sentido, a comunicação propõe-se explorar algumas das fontes teóricas do Team 10, especialmente de Aldo van Eyck, que desenvolveu a sua teoria do “limiar” nas décadas de 1950 e 1960 a partir de um conjunto de fontes heterogéneas que incluem a noção desenvolvida por Martin Buber de “Zwischen” (o entre-dois). Por outro lado, o arquitecto Holandês também foi um dos primeiros a visitar a civilização dos Dogon, onde estudou a sua representação do espaço com a ajuda da etnografia (colonial) francesa, e também, com a colaboração de dois psicanalistas Suíços (Parin e Morgenthaler), que tentavam analisar aqueles indivíduos, procurando um complexo de Édipo freudiano numa cultura que lhe era mais ou menos imune. A Escola de Arquitectura de Van Eyck tem sido definida pelo ambíguo termo “estruturalismo”, que parece ser uma referencia às doutrinas do estruturalismo linguístico (sendo no entanto também, uma alusão à estrutura dos edifícios). Esta comunicação tenta mapear o contexto das várias tendências que levaram a uma etnologização (e/ou antropologização) do discurso arquitectónicos na década de 1960. Concluindo, a comunicação tentará ilustrar como por volta de 1970 as práticas arquitectónica e teórica se encontravam numa posição complexa, tendo de decidir como atribuir “significado” ao acto de construir, e se esta tarefa seria alcançada através de uma forma puramente formalista, ou “autónoma” (um caminho já descrito por Colin Rowe, Aldo Rossi ou Peter Eisenman), ou se em alternativa através de uma aproximação “heterogénea”, a do Team 10 e van Eyck, levando com isso à introdução massiva das ciências sociais nos discursos arquitectónicos.
O pesadelo da história, anotações sobre um texto de James Holston
Authors: Quintais Luís
Published: October 2015

Não disponível
Memórias Imaginadas
Authors: Loução Maria Dulce
Published: October 2015

O mundo hoje, tal como refere Leach, é “uma cultura da cópia”. O mundo tornou-se infinitamente policopiado, onde a imagem, hiper real, se converte em simulacro e, pela sua própria natureza, destituída da própria realidade que se propõe reflectir. Hoje, o mundo de uma certa arquitectura, é o mundo da Imagem, que conduz a um deficiente reconhecimento do espaço construído, sem conteúdo social, sem toque na realidade tangível. È deste distanciamento da Disciplina da Arquitectura que resultam imagens sedutoras, consumíveis e sem discurso, onde a produção arquitectónica se reduz a manipulações filosóficas que legitimam a forma sem conteúdo. A sedução é sempre superficial. O acto de projectar enquanto antevisão de um futuro pressupõe a existência de uma Ideia gerada a partir da invenção, imaginada. Assim, o projectar, o inventar por imagens é a própria essência da arquitectura. Embora baseado na experiência individual, intuitiva e intangível, o ensino da arquitectura sustenta-se em “factos convencionais” como diz Moneo, transcendidos em valor social que lhe confere o sentido, revestindo, assim, a aprendizagem da arquitectura de uma dimensão de transcendência. A arquitectura é, assim, e por via do social e do artístico, fenómeno cultural, e o arquitecto um produtor de cultura inserido num contexto convencional, no qual a arquitectura ganha sentido.  The world today, as said by Leach, is “a culture of copy”. The world has become infinitely multi-copied, where the image, hipper real, is converted in simulation and, by its own nature, dismissed from reality itself on which a reflection is proposed. Today, the world of a certain architecture, is a world of Image, which leads to a deficit when recognizing the constructed space, without social content, without touching the tangible reality. It is through the detachment from the Subject of Architecture that seductive images result, consumable and without speech, where the architectural production is reduced to philosophical manipulations that validate form, without content. Seduction is always superficial. The act of designing as a preview of a future, assumes the existence of an Idea generated from the imagined invention. Therefore, designing and inventing through images is the exact essence of architecture. Although it is based on the individual experience, intuitive and intangible, the teaching of architecture is sustained by “conventional facts” like it was said by Moneo, transcended in social value that gives it meaning, thus filling the learning of architecture with a transcendent dimension. Architecture is then, by a social and artistic way, a cultural phenomenon, and the architect, a producer of culture, inserted on a conventional context, in which architecture acquires meaning.
2.1. Entre a experimentação e a aproximação à realidade da prática - Notas
Authors: Ribeiro João Mendes
Published: October 2015

As comunicações apresentadas no colóquio “Ensinar pelo projecto”, no âmbito da sessão   “Entre a experimentação e a aproximação à realidade da prática”, envolveram conteúdos diversos e, virtualmente, divergentes, o que torna difícil a elaboração de um texto de síntese. Contudo, da sua análise, ocorrem duas interrogações essenciais que podem ser entendidas como opostas ou complementares.

A primeira questão, envolve os conteúdos temáticos da disciplina de Projecto e se esta disciplina deve valorizar a consolidação metodológica do acto projectual e o desenvolvimento da capacidade de reflexão crítica sobre a prática do projecto, numa perspectiva de aproximação ao contexto real.

A segunda via, preconiza um ensino de projecto, tendencialmente experimental, envolvendo pesquisas complementares num quadro mais vasto e, por ventura, extra-disciplinar, das ciências e tecnologias à arte, da história à sociologia, ao urbanismo, etc.
O lugar do projecto no final do 1º Ciclo de Bolonha
Authors: Spencer Jorge
Published: October 2015

O novo lugar ocupado pela disciplina, no final de um primeiro ciclo de aquisição de conhecimentos básicos sobre a cultura e a prática da arquitectura - a nova licenciatura pós-Bolonha - impõem-lhe a necessidade de um fecho, em que os alunos tenham a oportunidade de uma demonstração cabal e completa, não só do domínio de competências básicas de projecto para a resolução dos problemas com que sucessivamente se confrontam, mas também da sua problematização num quadro mais vasto. É neste sentido que os seus programas, não se devem centrar unicamente na formulação de um problema de projecto e nos termos da sua resolução. Devem sim constituir um conjunto de oportunidades de trabalho e pesquisa complementares, das tecnologias, à história da arte, da arquitectura ao urbanismo, ancoradas em períodos específicos de estudo e investigação. Do ponto de vista dos conteúdos temáticos, os objectivos da disciplina, devem consolidar e sistematizar o trabalho de projecto enquanto aproximação à prática profissional, cuja simulação mais estrita apenas se deverá experimentar no segundo ciclo de formação.  Nessa consolidação e sistematização, entende-se- que a prática da arquitectura (a resolução de um problema) deva ser experimentada tendo como origem uma teoria da arquitectura (reflectir sobre uma problemática). Por outras palavras, a solução a projectar não deve decorrer, em sequência simples ou directa, do problema que o projecto coloca através apenas do nexo de um Sítio mais um Programa, operado através do uso de um conjunto de ferramentas, técnicas, figurativas, de boas práticas regulamentares, etc., mas sim da possibilidade de o conceptualizar, ou seja, de o compreender não apenas nos limites que ele parece colocar mas, transcendendo esses limites, de o englobar e relacionar com famílias de problemas mais gerais. É neste quadro que a comunicação, através da identificação de estratégias didácticas específicas aplicáveis ao ensino do projecto naquele momento de mudança de ciclo, procurará reflectir e inscrever-se no debate sobre os caminhos pelos quais ele deve procurar constituir-se como um modo privilegiado de desenvolver as capacidades de promover processos críticos de interpretação e formulação do mundo construído.
Concursos de arquitetura. Uma experiência no Atelier de Projeto
Authors: Kuchpil Eneida
Published: October 2015

Num cenário caótico de uma desenfreada proliferação de escolas de arquitetura no Brasil, muitas delas alheias às noções do que se entende por arquitetura de excelência, os problemas relativos ao ensino se apresentam ainda mais complexos. O Curso de Arquitetura da Universidade Federal do Paraná (2*,,8+-) foi criado em 1962 num momento singular da história do país. A moderna arquitetura brasileira adquiria maturidade e reconhecimento mundial, entre outras obras pela construção de Brasília, e o governo federal, respondendo à sociedade civil organizada, ampliou a rede pública de ensino superior criando centros de formação em arquitetura.
Topofilia
Authors: Borges Tiago
Published: October 2015

TopofiliaA presente reflexão tem origem na minha experiência como assistente da disciplina de projecto de Anne Lacaton e Jean-Philippe Vassal, professores convidados na École Polytechnique et Fédérale de Lausanne no ano de 2010/2011. No livro La poétique de l'espace, o filósofo francês Gaston Bachelard fala da problemática da imagem como un produit direct du coeur, de l'âme, de l'être et de l'homme. Bachelard evoca a imagem poética como aquela que se enraíza em nós e desencadeia a reflexão. Partilhando este conceito bachelardiano, o exercício de projecto apresentado aos alunos tratou a imagem como catalisador e motor de aprendizagem. Intencionalmente sem fornecer um programa, um lugar ou um contexto de intervenção, a proposta desafiou o aluno a produzir um projecto de arquitectura à semelhança de uma construção cinematográfica. Através de processos de adição, corte e colagem, transformação e deformação, o aluno analisou dispositivos espaciais e com eles construiu uma narrativa. Para além de se ter apresentado como uma abordagem alternativa ao exercício de projecto "convencional", este trabalho permitiu abandonar um estabelecido savoir-faire para gerar diferentes formas de aprendizagem e concepção da arquitectura a partir do seu interior. Ilustra-se aqui uma possibilidade de “ensinar pelo projecto” através de processos de inversão que permitem oferecer ao aluno outros mecanismos de investigação espacial. Topophilie – a pedagogical experimentEnglish abstractThis paper has its origins in my experience as a teaching assistant for Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal's Design Studio. Lacaton and Vassal were visiting professors at École Polytechnique et Fédérale de Lausanne in 2010-2011. In his book La Poétique de l’Espace, the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard speaks of the image as un produit direct du coeur, de l’âme et de l’homme, a product of the heart, of love, and of Man. The author evokes the poetic image as one that is rooted in us and triggers our imagination. With this idea of the poetic image in mind, the design studio proposed an exercise to the students using image as catalyst and as a motor for learning. Intentionally without providing a programme, a site, or a context to intervene, the exercise challenged the student to produce an architectural design like a cinematic construction. Through processes of addition, cutting and pasting, transformation and deformation, students analysed spacial configurations and were invited to build a narrative. Besides being an alternative approach to the “standard” Design Studio exercise, this work allowed the student to put away an established savoir-faire in order to generate different forms of conceiving architecture within its interior space. Through systematic processes of inversion, the exercise provoked new mechanisms of conceiving architectural space, and offered a different possibility of “learning through design”.
Translations
Authors: Beigel Florian , Christou Philip
Published: October 2015

The title of the talk is “translations” and the subtitle is “continuity of architectural thinking and knowledge”. In this lecture we will try to describe our attempts to work with architectural references as part of the process of making an architectural design.
3.1. What does drawing and sketching bring to the design process?
Authors: Providência Paulo
Published: October 2015

Architecture may bring culture and civility to people, say Florian Beigel and Philip Christou in their abstract to this colloquium. In a time were computer generated conception (and not only representation) are taken for granted in architectural design — shortening the time spent in the conception phases of architectural design — the culture and civility that architecture may bring comes from a special attention to the aims and purposes of architecture, to the reflexive approach through tracings, to learning processes of slow rendering of drawings, in short to the “reflection in action” process of design.
1.1. Design methods
Authors: Lousa António Portovedo
Published: October 2015

This introduction to the first session of the colloquium, Didactics,

tried to unveil the general tone of the three presentations, as well

as trying to foresee some of the questions that could arise. From the

greek didaktiké, the term refers to the art of teaching according to the

methods or principles of a given science, or the precepts of an art.
The Academia of Practice
Authors: Ravara Pedro Belo
Published: October 2015

As architects, our main contribution to the Academia, School´s of Architecture and its students would be concerned with managing the subtle relationship between teaching and practice as complementary activities that underpin the field of architectural knowledge. Indeed, the activities of the Academia and of Practice in architecture are moulded upon different interests and goals.  What makes them complementary to one another is the way they use the act of teaching/learning as a tool of inquiry about design.  Architectural experimentation in Practice and Architectural research in the Academia are not as independent or removed from each other as one may first believe.  Both are rooted in the certainty of uncertainty. The formative years of an architect are focused on understanding the act of design as the tool for developing a design project.  Students are trained for five years in a process of integrating specialized knowledge into the body of a single object, ultimately a building.  The traineeship that stemmed from a Beaux Arts training prevalent in the 1900s, has changed over the last decades into a more specialized one, due to the growing number of technical courses that are offered as complementary subjects to the central design studio course common to almost all the schools of architecture in Europe. Studio formats and design instructors become central to define a new contemporary approach to teaching teaching in Architecture, facing the new global model of the Bologna Chart. What shall be the formation of the Design Studio Instructor?  Academic or practitioner? What is the format of a Studio?  Integrated knowledge or analytic approaches to design? Is the architect-professor of the future, a specialist?
From complexity to the teaching of synthesis: constructing the way
Authors: Vicente Andrea Monteiro , Santiago Miguel
Published: October 2015

Facing nature, man perceives reality. Observes, analyses, synthesises and through a metacognitive process of knowledge construction, associates and dissociates elements. This process of inter-relationship between elements fragments reality into simplified parcels later rebuilt in cognitive structures that apprehend the complexity through the adoption of analytical models. The synthesis that he seeks to construct expresses the dialectical relationship between the self and the world/object. Then, by desire and by reason, man transforms the natural environment, builds, shapes, occupies, limits, reinterprets the natural. However, before doing so as material, he does it in his consciousness, imagines, designs, verifies, and by doing it this way, before being real as material, it also becomes spiritual, virtual and aesthetic. The opposition between matter and space is rebalanced by human perception and consciousness in a tripartite structure that is constituted as the architecture object. We are interested in the systematization of this process, in other words, in the way that the self constructs the path or method of approach into the object. Antonio Machado suggests: Caminante, son tus huellas el camino, y nada más. Perante a natureza, o homem percepciona o mundo natural. Observa, analisa, sintetiza e através de um processo metacognitivo de construção de conhecimento, associa elementos e dissocia outros. Este processo de inter-relação entre elementos divide a realidade em parcelas simplificadas reconstruídas posteriormente em estruturas cognitivas de apreensão da complexidade, mediante a adoção de modelos analíticos. A síntese que procura construir exprime a relação dialética entre o mundo e o eu. Em seguida, pelo desejo e pela razão, o homem transforma o meio natural, constrói, modela, ocupa, limita e reinterpreta o natural. No entanto, antes de o fazer como matéria, fá-lo na sua consciência; imagina, projeta, verifica e, ao fazê-lo deste modo, antes de ser real como matéria, é também espiritual, virtual e estético. A oposição entre matéria e espaço é reequilibrada pela percepção e consciência humana numa estrutura tripartida que se constitui como o objecto da Arquitectura. Interessa-nos a sistematização deste processo, ou seja, a forma como, no projeto de Arquitectura, o eu/sujeito constrói o caminho ou método de abordagem ao mundo/objecto. Antonio Machado sugere, Caminante, son tus huellas el camino, y nada más.