bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Buying Pattern of Selected Carbonated Dairy Drink by the Consumers in Anand City, Gujarat
Authors: Navyasree P. , Mahera A. B. , Prajapati M. R.
Published: December 2022

This study is conducted and intended to identify the factors influencing the buying pattern of a selected carbonated dairy drink by the consumers in Anand city, Gujarat. In order to analyze the information, primary data was collected with the help of collecting the information from 100 consumers using non-probability sampling method under which convenience sampling method is used. According to the findings of the study conducted, using the chi-square analysis and correlation co-efficient, it was observed that there was significant positive correlation between the income and the consumption, no significant difference between the age group and frequency of consumption and education qualification of the respondents is independent to the purchase decision in consumption of selected carbonated drink. The survey also reveals that most of the respondents were satisfied with the taste of the product. About 70 percent of the respondents reported that they would like to shift to the other brand carbonated drinks. Based on the study, awareness among the customers should be created by using suitable marketing and sales promotion strategies [1]. Mass communications and digital communications are to be used, utilized and delivered effectively to build brand preference, attract new consumers and nurture the existing ones [2].
Estimation of Crop Water Requirement of Kharif Maize Crop using CROPWAT 8.0 Model in Bilaspur District
Authors: Jangre Nilima , Sinha Jitendra , Raj Jeet , Kamalkant .
Published: December 2022

Water is one of the most important elements in this world. No life will exist without water. The main consumer of water is agriculture but due to mismanagement, overpopulation, and climatic changes this valuable natural resource is getting scarce position throughout the world. It has become very important to define appropriate strategies for planning, development, and management of water resources. The main objective of this paper is to the estimation of crop water requirement of Kharif maize crop for effective irrigation management. For proper irrigation management, CROPWAT is the best model suggested by FAO. 16-year climatic data were analyzed with the CROPWAT model, which is based on the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) paper number 56 (FAO 56). The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The model predicted the daily, decadal as well as monthly crop water requirement at different growing stages of maize crop. The average reference crop evapotranspiration (ETc­) during the 16 years was found to be 313.21 mm. It varies from 222.8 mm to 515.9 mm. The average irrigation requirement for maize crops during the period from 25th June to 17th September was 42.01 mm.
Efficacy of Different Levels of NPK against Anthracnose of King Chilli (Capsicum chinense) Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) and Impact on Their Growth Parameters and Yield in Manipur
Authors: Singh Sorokhaibam Romio , Ao N. Tiameren , Devi Hijam Meronbala , Singh Sh. Herojit , Debbarma Siman , Daiho L. , Devi Hijam Shila
Published: December 2022

A significant disease in Capsicum that reduces crop output is anthracnose. In the current study, the effectiveness of various NPK dosages (N1-120 Kg, N2 -150 Kg, N3-90 Kg, P1-60 Kg, P2-75 Kg, P3-45 Kg, K1-60 Kg, K2-75 Kg, K3-45 Kg) against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which caused Anthracnose diseases in King chilli and their effects on growth parameters and yield were assessed. The experiment described in Randomized Block Design (RBD) was conducted at KVK Thoubal, Manipur, from October 2021 to April 2022. Results showed that amongst the fertilizers, application of increased doses of P and K exhibited significant management of anthracnose of King chilli with 25.00% and 19.66% disease severity and ‘Control’ (60.00%) revealed high disease severity and reduced yield. The increased level of P and K also produced maximum yield with 11.17 Kg/plot and 9.30 Kg/plot in fresh weight respectively. Thus application with increased level of P and K has paramount importance in combating anthracnose in King chilli which significantly increase in the growth parameters and yield.
GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of EtOAc Extract Fraction of Acassia sieberiana (Fabaceae) for the Presence of Flavonoids
Authors: Y. Hussaini , U. Henry M. , T. Yakubu M. , A. Adamu U. , A. Sirajo , Thliza Apagu Ngamarju
Published: December 2022

This research is aimed at analyzing the flavonoid content of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract fraction of Acassia sieberiana through Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and testing its radical scavenging activity on DPPH. The stem bark of the plant was collected from Pankshin local government area of Plateau state. It was made into fine powder and macerated in methanol. The concentrated extract was fractionated in EtOAc and water. The EtOAc fraction was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The concentrated EtOAc extract fraction was subjected into phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and terpenes. The components of the EtOAc fraction were separated by TLC using solvents mixture of n-hex:EtOAc in the ratio 3:1 and n-hex:EtOAc:MeOH in the ratio 5:1:1. Flavonols, aurones, flavones, flavonones and catechines were indicated. The GC-MS showed the presence of Ergosta–5,22-dien-3-01-acetate(93β,22E), 4H-Benzopyran-4-one,5,6,7-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl), Ethyliso-allocholate, 3,9- epoxypreg-16-en-14-ol-20-one-11,18-diacetoxy-3-methoxy and 10-Octadecnoicacidmethyl ester at retention times  30.038, 31.685, 32.057, 34.148 and 38.780min respectively. The antioxidant activity of the EtOAc extract fraction was appreciable in the sense that it has IC50 of 57.18ug/ml though less than that of ascorbic acid which was found to be 52.04ug/ml.
Automating Hair Loss Labels for Universally Scoring Alopecia From Images
Authors: Gudobba Cameron , Mane Tejas , Bayramova Aylar , Rodriguez Natalia , Castelo-Soccio Leslie , Ogunleye Temitayo A. , Taylor Susan C. , Cotsarelis George , Bernardis Elena
Published: December 2022

Importance

Clinical estimation of hair density has an important role in assessing and tracking the severity and progression of alopecia, yet to the authors’ knowledge, no automation currently exists for this process. While some algorithms have been developed to assess alopecia presence on a binary level, their scope has been limited by focusing on a re-creation of the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score for alopecia areata (AA). Yet hair density loss is common to all alopecia forms, and an evaluation of that loss is used in established scoring systems for androgenetic alopecia (AGA), central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), and many more.

Objective

To develop and validate a new model, HairComb, to automatically compute the percentage hair loss from images regardless of alopecia subtype.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this research study to create a new algorithmic quantification system for all hair loss, computational imaging analysis and algorithm design using retrospective image data collection were performed. This was a multicenter study, where images were collected at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania (Penn), and via a Penn Dermatology web interface. Images were collected from 2015 to 2021, and they were analyzed from 2019 to 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Scoring systems correlation analysis was measured by linear and logarithmic regressions. Algorithm performance was evaluated using image segmentation accuracy, density probability regression error, and average percentage hair loss error for labeled images, and Pearson correlation for manual scores.

Results

There were 404 participants aged 2 years and older that were used for designing and validating HairComb. Scoring systems correlation analysis was performed for 250 participants (70.4% female; mean age, 35.3 years): 75 AGA, 66 AA, 50 CCCA, 27 other alopecia diagnoses (frontal fibrosing alopecia, lichen planopilaris, telogen effluvium, etc), and 32 unaffected scalps without alopecia. Scoring systems showed strong correlations with underlying percentage hair loss, with coefficient of determination R2 values of 0.793 and 0.804 with respect to log of percentage hair loss. Using HairComb, 92% accuracy, 5% regression error, 7% hair loss difference, and predicted scores with errors comparable to annotators were achieved.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this research study,it is shown that an algorithm quantitating percentage hair loss may be applied to all forms of alopecia. A generalizable automated assessment of hair loss would provide a way to standardize measurements of hair loss across a range of conditions.
Perceptions About Cannabis Following Legalization Among Pregnant Individuals With Prenatal Cannabis Use in California
Authors: Young-Wolff Kelly C. , Foti Tara R. , Green Andrea , Altschuler Andrea , Does Monique B. , Jackson-Morris Melanie , Adams Sara R. , Ansley Deborah , Conway Amy , Goler Nancy , Mian Maha N. , Iturralde Esti
Published: December 2022

Importance

As rates of prenatal cannabis use increase and cannabis legalization spreads across the US, studies are needed to understand the potential impacts of legalization from the perspectives of pregnant individuals who use cannabis.

Objective

To characterize pregnant individuals’ perspectives on legalization of cannabis for adult use in California (effective in 2018) in relation to prenatal cannabis use behaviors and beliefs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study was conducted in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large health care system with universal screening for self-reported cannabis use at entrance to prenatal care. Eighteen semistructured focus groups were conducted from November 17 to December 17, 2021, using a secure video conferencing platform with Black and White pregnant participants who self-reported cannabis use during early pregnancy. Data were analyzed from March to June 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Video-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify major themes and subthemes.

Results

Among 53 participants (mean [SD] age, 30.3 [5.2] years), 23 (43%) identified as non-Hispanic Black and 30 (57%) identified as non-Hispanic White; 16 participants (30%) reported continued cannabis use at the time of recruitment. Major themes regarding the perceived impact of legalization included easier access (via retailers and delivery), greater acceptance (including reduced stigma and more discussions about prenatal cannabis use with health care practitioners), and trust in cannabis retailers (including safety and effectiveness of diverse products sold and perceptions of cannabis retailer employees as knowledgeable, nonjudgmental, and caring). Responses were mixed about whether retailer marketing and advertising were associated with prenatal cannabis use and whether legalization resulted in reduced concerns about Child Protective Services involvement.

Conclusion and Relevance

The findings of this qualitative study suggest pregnant individuals perceive cannabis legalization as having reduced barriers to prenatal cannabis use and that legalization has created challenges and opportunities for supporting the health of pregnant individuals. The results of this qualitative study highlight key areas that can be further explored in future educational materials, public health campaigns, and policy adaptations to address increasing rates of prenatal cannabis use.
Association of Time to Surgery After COVID-19 Infection With Risk of Postoperative Cardiovascular Morbidity
Authors: Bryant John M. , Boncyk Christina S. , Rengel Kimberly F. , Doan Vivian , Snarskis Connor , McEvoy Matthew D. , McCarthy Karen Y. , Li Gen , Sandberg Warren S. , Freundlich Robert E.
Published: December 2022

Importance

The time interval between COVID-19 infection and surgery is a potentially modifiable but understudied risk factor for postoperative complications.

Objective

To examine the association between time to surgery after COVID-19 diagnosis and the risk of a composite of major postoperative cardiovascular morbidity events within 30 days of surgery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted among 3997 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19, as documented by a positive polymerase chain reaction test result, who were undergoing surgery from January 1, 2020, to December 6, 2021. Data were obtained through Structured Query Language access of an existing perioperative data warehouse. Statistical analysis was performed March 29, 2022.

Exposure

The time interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and surgery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the composite occurrence of major cardiovascular comorbidity, defined as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial injury, acute kidney injury, and death within 30 days after surgery, using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 3997 patients (2223 [55.6%]; median age, 51.3 years [IQR, 35.1-64.4 years]; 667 [16.7%] African American or Black; 2990 [74.8%] White; and 340 [8.5%] other race) were included in the study. The median time from COVID-19 diagnosis to surgery was 98 days (IQR, 30-225 days). Major postoperative adverse cardiovascular events were identified in 485 patients (12.1%). Increased time from COVID-19 diagnosis to surgery was associated with a decreased rate of the composite outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99 [per 10 days]; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00; P = .006). This trend persisted for the 1552 patients who had received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98 [per 10 days]; 95% CI, 0.97-1.00; P = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests that increased time from COVID-19 diagnosis to surgery was associated with a decreased odds of experiencing major postoperative cardiovascular morbidity. This information should be used to better inform risk-benefit discussions concerning optimal surgical timing and perioperative outcomes for patients with a history of COVID-19 infection.
Social Disconnection as a Global Behavioral Epidemic—A Call to Action About a Major Health Risk Factor
Authors: Na Peter Jongho , Jeste Dilip V. , Pietrzak Robert H.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint describes ways to address social isolation and loneliness as an urgent public health problem, through education, health policy, research, and clinical practice.
Association of Frailty With Health-Related Quality of Life in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lai Jennifer C. , Shui Amy M. , Duarte-Rojo Andres , Rahimi Robert S. , Ganger Daniel R. , Verna Elizabeth C. , Volk Michael L. , Kappus Matthew , Ladner Daniela P. , Boyarsky Brian , Segev Dorry L. , Gao Ying , Huang Chiung-Yu , Singer Jonathan P.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Frailty has been recognized as a risk factor for mortality after liver transplant (LT) but little is known of its association with functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQL), termed global functional health, in LT recipients.

Objective

To evaluate the association between pre-LT and post-LT frailty with post-LT global functional health.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study was conducted at 8 US LT centers and included adults who underwent LT from October 2016 to February 2020.

Exposures

Frail was defined by a pre-LT Liver Frailty Index (LFI) score of 4.5 or greater.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Global functional health at 1 year after LT, assessed using surveys (Short Form-36 [SF-36; summarized by physical component scores (PFC) and mental component summary scores (MCS)], Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale) and performance-based tests (LFI, Fried Frailty Phenotype, and Short Physical Performance Battery).

Results

Of 358 LT recipients (median [IQR] age, 60 [53-65] years; 115 women [32%]; 25 [7%] Asian/Pacific Islander, 21 [6%] Black, 54 [15%] Hispanic White, and 243 [68%] non-Hispanic White individuals), 68 (19%) had frailty pre-LT. At 1 year post-LT, the median (IQR) PCS was lower in recipients who had frailty vs those without frailty pre-LT (42 [31-53] vs 50 [38-56]; P = .002), but the median MCS was similar. In multivariable regression, pre-LT frailty was associated with a −5.3-unit lower post-LT PCS (P < .001), but not MCS. The proportion who had difficulty with 1 or more Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (21% vs 10%) or who were unemployed/receiving disability (38% vs 29%) was higher in recipients with vs without frailty. In a subgroup of 210 recipients with LFI assessments 1 year post-LT, 13% had frailty at 1 year post-LT. Recipients who had frailty post-LT reported lower adjusted SF-36–PCS scores (coefficient, −11.4; P < .001) but not SF-36–MCS scores. Recipients of LT who had frailty vs those without frailty 1 year post-LT also had worse median (IQR) Fried Frailty Phenotype scores (1 [1-2] vs 1 [0-1]) and higher rates of functional impairment by a Short Physical Performance Battery of 9 or less (42% vs 20%; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, pre-LT frailty was associated with worse global functional health 1 year after LT. The presence of frailty after LT was also associated with worse HRQL in physical, but not mental, subdomains. These data suggest that interventions and therapeutics that target frailty that are administered before and/or early post-LT may help to improve the health and well-being of LT recipients.
Two‐Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy: New Developments and Applications
Authors: Jung Young Mee , Noda Isao
Published: December 2022

This article outlines the recent progress in 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D‐COS), especially new and noteworthy developments and its applications. 2D‐COS is a powerful technique applicable to the in‐depth analysis of various spectral data, especially those obtained in various practical spectroscopic experiments. 2D‐COS has undergone rapid developments. This article highlights new types of 2D correlation analysis, such as combination of chemometrics and 2D‐COS, moving‐window 2D analysis, projection 2D analysis, hetero‐correlation analysis, 2D codistribution spectroscopy (2D‐CDS), smooth factor analysis (SFA), two‐trace two‐dimensional (2T2D) correlation spectroscopy, as well as experimental practices, such as various perturbation methods, fields of applications, and analytical probes employed.
Inline and Online Process Analytical Technology with a Focus on Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Kessler Rudolf W. , Maiwald Michael , Kessler Waltraud
Published: December 2022

Process analytical technology (PAT) is a cross‐sectional technology and thus essential for future smart production. While in the past decades, the focus of process optimization strategies was on increasing efficiency, in the future, the focus will be on the sustainability of a production and its products. In addition, products will be increasingly personalized in order to match the property profile exactly to the intended use. PAT is able to provide context‐sensitive information at the molecular level for process control. Spectroscopic sensors can determine inline and simultaneously both the chemical composition and its sub‐microscopic morphology. The article will focus on the optical spectroscopy and therefore starts with a brief introduction on the basic concepts of molecular spectroscopy. In addition, the particularities of measuring liquids, surfaces, or particulate systems in PAT applications are described. This should enable the reader to select the appropriate method for the specific problem. Many examples from everyday industrial practice illustrate the applications. The areas covered are the manufacturing industry, process and pharmaceutical industry, food industry, as well as biotechnology and medical technology. Future will show that PAT is especially important for applications in the field of medicine (point of care) circular economy (recycling, water–wastewater, etc.). It is important to emphasize that sustainability in industrial production can only be successful with an inter‐ and transdisciplinary close exchange between the different disciplines.
Structure and Dynamics of Solutions Studied by X‐Ray and Neutron Scattering
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshio
Published: December 2022

X‐ray and neutron scattering techniques give us direct information of the microscopic structure (interatomic distance and coordination number) and dynamic properties (vibrational, translational, and rotational motions) of ions and solvents in solutions. Firstly, theoretical background in X‐ray and neutron scattering and empirical potential structure refinement modeling is described, followed by instrumentation of laboratory‐scale and synchrotron radiation X‐ray sources and pulsed neutron sources. Coherent X‐ray and neutron scattering methods of solutions are exemplified for the microscopic structure determination of ion solvation and solutions under pressure. Inelastic X‐ray and neutron scattering methods, such as quasi‐elastic neutron scattering and neutron spin‐echo methods, are described in theory and instrumentation. The dynamic properties of supercritical methanol and water confined in mesoporous materials are described. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are represented.
Hyperspectral Imaging and Analysis
Authors: Geladi Paul , Linderholm Johan , Vidman Andreas
Published: December 2022

The concept of a hyperspectral image and the different technical steps of acquiring one are described. This includes sampling, illumination, camera calibration, and image file recording. This enables the powerful combination of being able to combine the traditional image with nonvisible chemical information and to geographically relate these types of information to each other. Hyperspectral imaging produces large data sets with geometrical‐georeferenced and spectral information. A technique such as principal component analysis (PCA) produces a subset of images with the information concentrated in a few graphs and noise left out. Interactive analysis of image and scatter plots allows cleaning, and on the cleaned images a new PCA or other multivariate method can be used, creating principal component images containing the relevant information. Using this approach, latent clusters can be detected that are not evident in the initial stage of analysis. There is a large aspect of data mining involved in hyperspectral imaging analysis, which means that visual inspection and interactive brushing is one way of approaching an image with an abundance of complex information.
Calleva (Silchester)
Authors: Fulford Michael G.
Published: December 2022

Calleva originated as a well networked and defended Iron Age
oppidum
of
ca
. 38 ha towards the end of the first century
bce
. Two generations after the Roman invasion of Britain in 43
ce
it was refounded as a Roman town, Calleva Atrebatum, ca. 85
ce
, responsible for the administration of the civitas Atrebatum. Extensive antiquarian and modern excavations have revealed much of its town plan, including the remains of the amphitheatre, bath house, forum basilica, mansio, street grid, temples, town and artisanal houses. Its third century town walls enclosed 48.6 ha. It continued to flourish until the end of the Roman occupation of Britain, 410
ce
.
Duilius, Gaius
Authors: Kendall Seth L.
Published: December 2022

Gaius Duilius was a consul in 260
bce
, the victorious commander at Lipari Islands, and the first Roman to be accorded a naval triumph.
Birthday
Authors: Salzman Michele Renee
Published: December 2022

The Romans, unlike the Greeks, were in the habit of annually celebrating the birthdays of individuals. On someone's birthday, family members, friends, and clients would come to the person's home and offer gifts and prayers, and would attend a banquet in that person's honor.
Burial, Greece
Authors: Sehlmeyer Markus
Published: December 2022

The study of burial practices is important for understanding the cultural development, religious ideas, and political culture of the Greek world. Since ceremonies connected with burial are well known only from the Late Archaic period onward, the investigation of early Greek burials has to concentrate on cemeteries and objects found in graves; the survey is otherwise chronological, with excurses on general topics such as funeral art or specific rituals. As there is a multitude of literary and archaeological sources for Athens, this city serves here an exemplary purpose. Other
poleis
and kingdoms can only be treated selectively when they show different types of burial.
A Self‐Powered Portable Nanowire Array Gas Sensor for Dynamic NO2 Monitoring at Room Temperature
Authors: Wei Shiyu , Li Zhe , Murugappan Krishnan , Li Ziyuan , Zhang Fanlu , Saraswathyvilasam Aswani Gopakumar , Lysevych Mykhaylo , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Tricoli Antonio , Fu Lan
Published: December 2022

The fast development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven an increasing consumer demand for self‐powered gas sensors for real‐time data collection and autonomous responses in industries such as environmental monitoring, workplace safety, smart cities, and personal healthcare. Despite intensive research and rapid progress in the field, most reported self‐powered devices, specifically NO2 sensors for air pollution monitoring, have limited sensitivity, selectivity, and scalability. Here, a novel photovoltaic self‐powered NO2 sensor is demonstrated based on axial p–i–n homojunction InP nanowire (NW) arrays, that overcome these limitations. The optimized innovative InP NW array device is designed by numerical simulation for insights into sensing mechanisms and performance enhancement. Without a power source, this InP NW sensor achieves an 84% sensing response to 1 ppm NO2 and records a limit of detection down to the sub‐ppb level, with little dependence on the incident light intensity, even under <5% of 1 sun illumination. Based on this great environmental fidelity, the sensor is integrated into a commercial microchip interface to evaluate its performance in the context of dynamic environmental monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust. The results show that compound semiconductor nanowires can form promising self‐powered sensing platforms suitable for future mega‐scale IoT systems.
Reversible Discharge Products in Li–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhao Siyuan , Xiong Qi , Yu Jie , Wang Jian , Huang Gang , Ni Meng , Zhang Xinbo
Published: December 2022

Lithium–air (Li–air) batteries stand out among the post‐Li‐ion batteries due to their high energy density, which has rapidly progressed in the past years. Regarding the fundamental mechanism of Li–air batteries that discharge products produced and decomposed during charging and recharging progress, the reversibility of products closely affects the battery performance. Along with the upsurge of the mainstream discharge products lithium peroxide, with devoted efforts to screening electrolytes, constructing high‐efficiency cathodes, and optimizing anodes, much progress is made in the fundamental understanding and performance. However, the limited advancement is insufficient. In this case, the investigations of other discharge products, including lithium hydroxide, lithium superoxide, lithium oxide, and lithium carbonate, emerge and bring breakthroughs for the Li–air battery technologies. To deepen the understanding of the electrochemical reactions and conversions of discharge products in the battery, recent advances in the various discharge products, mainly focusing on the growth and decomposition mechanisms and the determining factors are systematically reviewed. The perspectives for Li–air batteries on the fundamental development of discharge products and future applications are also provided.
Direct CO2 Capture by Alkali‐Dissolved Cellulose and Sequestration in Building Materials and Artificial Reef Structures
Authors: Reyes Guillermo , Vega‐Coloma Mabel , Antonova Anna , Ajdary Rubina , Jonveaux Solène , Flanigan Colleen , Lautenbacher Nathalie , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: December 2022

Current carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies require high energy input and costly catalysts. Here, an effective pathway is offered that addresses climate action by atmospheric CO2 sequestration. Industrially relevant highly reactive alkali cellulose solutions are used as CO2 absorption media. The latter lead to mineralized cellulose materials (MCM) at a tailorable cellulose‐to‐mineral ratio, forming organic‐inorganic viscous systems (viscosity from 102 to 107 mPa s and storage modulus from 10 to 105 Pa). CO2 absorption and conversion into calcium carbonate and associated minerals translate to maximum absorption of 6.5 gCO2 gcellulose−1, tracking inversely with cellulose loading. Cellulose lean gels are easily converted into dry powders, shown as a functional component of ceramic glazes and cementitious composites. Meanwhile, cellulose‐rich gels are moldable and extrudable, yielding stone‐like structures tested as artificial substrates for coral reef restoration. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) suggests new CCU opportunities for building materials, as demonstrated in underwater deployment for coral reef ecosystem restoration.
Strain Engineering of Ni‐Rich Cathode Enables Exceptional Cyclability in Pouch‐Type Full Cells
Authors: Zhu Huawei , Wang Zhihong , Chen Ling , Hu Yanjie , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: December 2022

Ni‐rich layered oxides are at the forefront of the development of high‐energy Li‐ion batteries, yet the extensive applications are retarded by the deteriorative capacity and thermal instability. Herein, an in situ co‐precipitation strategy is implemented to achieve the novel super‐dispersed Nb‐doped Ni‐rich cathode that consists of the elongated and radially aligned primary particles with increased oxygen stable {001} planes. The unique microstructure homogenizes the intragranular and intergranular strain distribution and stabilizes the spherical secondary particles, effectively inhibiting microcrack formation and propagation and surface degradation. The super‐dispersed Nb doping prevents the Li/Ni disordering and lattice oxygen escape, thereby further strengthening the crystal structure and thermal stability. Accordingly, this cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 229.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with much better retention at 55 °C and 5 C after 100 cycles than the conventional Nb‐doped Ni‐rich cathodes. In a pouch‐type full cell, it exhibits exceptionally long life with a capacity retention of 91.9% at 1 C after 500 cycles and 80.5% at 5 C after 2000 cycles within 3.0–4.2 V, greatly prolonging the service period to cater to the lightweight and intelligence of electric vehicles.
Thermally Crosslinked Hole Conductor Enables Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with 23.9% Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , Liao Qiaogan , Chen Jinyu , Li Bolin , Xu Chaoying , Wei Kun , Du Guozheng , Wang Yang , Liu Dachang , Deng Jidong , Luo Zhide , Pang Shuping , Yang Ye , Li Jingrui , Yang Li , Guo Xugang , Zhang Jinbao
Published: December 2022

Poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) represents the state‐of‐the‐art hole transport material (HTM) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, unsatisfied surface properties of PTAA and high energy disorder in the bulk film hinder the further enhancement of device performance. Herein, a simple small molecule 10‐(4‐(3,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐3,7‐bis(4‐vinylphenyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine (MCz‐VPOZ) is strategically developed for in situ fabrication of polymer hole conductor (CL‐MCz) via a facile and low‐temperature cross‐linking technology. The resulting polymer CL‐MCz offers high energy ordering and improved electrical conductivity, as well as appropriate energy‐level alignment, enabling efficient charge carrier collection in the devices. Meanwhile, CL‐MCz synchronously provides satisfied surface wettability and interfacial functionalization, facilitating the formation of high‐quality perovskite films with fewer bulk iodine vacancies and suppressed carrier recombination. Significantly, the device with CL‐MCz yields a champion efficiency of 23.9% along with an extremely low energy loss down to 0.41 eV, which represents the highest reported efficiency for non‐PTAA‐based polymer HTMs in inverted PSCs. Furthermore, the corresponding unencapsulated devices exhibit competitive shelf‐life stability under various operational stressors up to 2500 h, reflecting high promises of CL‐MCz in the scalable PSC application. This work underscores the promising potential of the cross‐linking approach in preparing low‐cost, stable, and efficient polymer HTMs toward reliable PSCs.
Mechanisms of Sleep/Wake Regulation under Hypodopaminergic State: Insights from MitoPark Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fifel Karim , Yanagisawa Masashi , Deboer Tom
Published: December 2022

Sleep/wake alterations are predominant in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders involving dopamine dysfunction. Unfortunately, specific, mechanisms‐based therapies for these debilitating sleep problems are currently lacking. The pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep/wake alterations within a hypodopaminergic MitoPark mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) are investigated. MitoPark mice replicate most PD‐related sleep alterations, including sleep fragmentation, hypersomnia, and daytime sleepiness. Surprisingly, these alterations are not accounted for by a dysfunction in the circadian or homeostatic regulatory processes of sleep, nor by acute masking effects of light or darkness. Rather, the sleep phenotype is linked with the impairment of instrumental arousal and sleep modulation by behavioral valence. These alterations correlate with changes in high‐theta (8–11.5 Hz) electroencephalogram power density during motivationally‐charged wakefulness. These results demonstrate that sleep/wake alterations induced by dopamine dysfunction are mediated by impaired modulation of sleep by motivational valence and provide translational insights into sleep problems associated with disorders linked to dopamine dysfunction.
Novel Viroid‐Like RNAs Naturally Infect a Filamentous Fungus
Authors: Dong Kaili , Xu Chuan , Kotta‐Loizou Ioly , Jiang Jingjing , Lv Ruiying , Kong Linghong , Li Shifang , Hong Ni , Wang Guoping , Coutts Robert H. A. , Xu Wenxing
Published: December 2022

To date, viroids have been found to naturally infect only plants, resulting in substantial losses for some crops. Whether viroids or viroid‐like RNAs naturally infect non‐plant hosts remains unknown. Here the existence of a set of exogenous, single‐stranded circular RNAs, ranging in size from 157 to 450 nucleotides, isolated from the fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea and nominated B. dothidea RNAs (BdcRNAs) is reported. BdcRNAs replicate autonomously in the nucleus via a rolling‐circle mechanism following a symmetric pathway. BdcRNA infection induces symptoms, because BdcRNAs can apparently modulate, to different degrees, specific biological traits (e.g., alter morphology, decrease growth rate, attenuate virulence, and increase or decrease tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stress) of the host fungus. Overall, BdcRNAs have genome characteristics similar to those of viroids and exhibit pathogenic effects on fungal hosts. It is proposed that these novel fungus infecting RNAs should be termed mycoviroids. BdcRNA(s) may be considered additional inhabitants at the frontier of life in terms of genomic complexity, and represent a new class of acellular entities endowed with regulatory functions, and novel epigenomic carriers of biological information.
Über die Reaktivität von Phosphaalumenen gegenüber C−C‐Mehrfachbindungen
Authors: Nees Samuel , Wellnitz Tim , Dankert Fabian , Härterich Marcel , Dotzauer Simon , Feldt Milica , Braunschweig Holger , Hering‐Junghans Christian
Published: December 2022

Heterocyclen, die Elemente der Gruppen 13 und 15 enthalten, wie z. B. Borazine, sind ein fester Bestandteil der organischen, biomedizinischen und Materialchemie. Überraschenderweise sind Heterocyclen, die P und Al enthalten, selten. Wir haben nun Phosphaalumene in Reaktionen mit Alkinen, Alkenen und konjugierten Doppelbindungssystemen eingesetzt. Mit sterisch anspruchsvollen Alkinen wurden 1,2‐Phosphaalumete erhalten, während die Reaktion mit HCCH oder HCCSiMe31,4‐Phosphaaluminabarrelene ergab. Mit Styrol wurden gesättigte 1,2‐Phosphaalumate gebildet, die mit weiteren Äquivalenten Styrol zu verschiedenen Regio‐Isomeren von 1,4‐Aluminaphosphorinanen weiterreagierten. Mit Ethylen wird ebenfalls ein 1,4‐Aluminaphosphorinan erhalten, während mit 1,3‐Butadien ein bicyclisches System mit einer Aluminacyclopentan‐ und einer Phosphiran‐Einheit synthetisiert wurde. Die experimentellen Arbeiten werden durch theoretische Studien unterstützt, um den Mechanismus der Bildung dieser Heterocyclen genauer zu untersuchen.
Machinability investigation of Chromoly steel using TiN/Al2O3/TiCN/TiOCN multilayer coated tungsten carbide tool inserts with artificial neural network methodology
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Bharatish A. , Rajkumar G. R. , Satheesh Babu G.
Published: December 2022

Enhancing the machining efficiency of hardened steel using four‐layer coated tungsten carbide tools has gained a lot of interest among manufacturing engineers. This paper reports the machining performance of AISI 4140 steel using TiN/Al2O3/TiCN/TiOCN multilayer coated tungsten carbide tool inserts. The impact of cutting speed, depth of cut, and the nose radius on machining force, tool chip interface temperature, surface roughness, and chip forms was ascertained using full factorial machining experiments and artificial neural network (ANN) methodology. The machining force evaluated using Logistic Sigmoid activation function resulted in the highest root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.076 and regression value of 0.998. The maximum error between the ANN predicted results and experimental results for machining force, cutting temperature and surface roughness was about 2.4%, 5.3%, and 2.07%, respectively. The best architecture for ANN was “3‐6‐4” which had a coefficient of regression value of 0.97. However, in case of chip form, some of the ANN predicted values could not be mapped to ISO standard chip form and hence prediction accuracy of 80% was achieved.
A Conformal Carbon Nanolayer Coated Fe2O3 Cocatalyst for the Promoted Activity of Plasma‐Sputtered BiVO4 Photoanode
Authors: Zhang Yang , Gan Li Ting , Wang Mengmin , Ning Wenxin , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui
Published: December 2022

To simultaneously improve the hole extraction ability of the BiVO4 photoanode and accelerate the surface reaction kinetics, herein, a carbon nanolayer conformally coated Fe2O3 (C−Fe2O3) as oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) is loaded on the H2 plasma treated nanoporous BiVO4 (BVO(H2)) surface by a hydrothermal reaction. It is found that the H2 plasma induced vacancies in BVO remarkably increases the conductivity, and the C−Fe2O3 enables hole extraction from the bulk to the surface as well as efficient hole injection to the electrolyte. As a result, the C−Fe2O3/BVO(H2) photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 4.4 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an ABPE value of 1.5 % at 0.68 V vs. RHE, which are 4.8‐fold and 13‐fold higher than that of BVO photoanode, respectively.
Model‐based Scale Up of Solid Bowl Centrifuges Using Experimentally Determined Material Functions
Authors: Zhai Ouwen , Baust Helene , Gleiß Marco , Nirschl Hermann
Published: December 2022

The scale up of solid bowl centrifuges is a major challenge as the process and material behavior are complex and difficult to describe. A common approach to forecast the process behavior is to use analytical models and transfer the experience gained from the lab to the industrial scale. In this context, time‐consuming and cost‐intensive pilot scale experiments are necessary. This paper presents a methodology to improve the scale up process and make it more sustainable by using a numerical model that allows the real‐time tracking of the process and a more reliable scale up process. For this approach, the material behavior is derived from laboratory experiments whereby the scalability is given. Here, the determination of material functions allows an accurate representation of the material behavior for solid bowl centrifuges of different scales. The focus of this paper is the detailed explanation of material related functions for the scale up of decanter centrifuges.
A randomized clinical study to assess the performance of a marketed denture adhesive in a model of food infiltration in healthy, edentulous adults
Authors: Patel Nisha , Varghese Roshan , Burnett Gary R. , Atassi Mounir , Milleman Kimberly , Milleman Jeffery
Published: December 2022

Objectives

An optimized food infiltration methodology was utilized to assess the objective and subjective efficacy of a marketed denture adhesive regarding denture dislodgment and infiltration and perception of food particles under maxillary and mandibular dentures. A pilot study helped optimize methodologies before the efficacy study.

Materials and Methods

Participants were healthy adults (n =48 for both studies) with fair‐ to well‐fitting and well‐made full maxillary and mandibular dentures. In the pilot, groups were a denture adhesive applied in a conventional dabbed‐on pattern, a denture adhesive applied in continuous strips, or no adhesive. In the efficacy study, groups were the Test denture adhesive (continuous strips pattern application) or no adhesive, employed in a crossover design. Food infiltration was investigated through measurement of peanut particle mass retrieved from under each denture (30–32 g chewed). No formal statistical testing was performed in the pilot. Statistical analysis in the efficacy study was performed using analysis of variance. Primary efficacy evaluation was combined peanut particle mass from both dentures. Secondary efficacy evaluations included peanut particle mass under separate dentures, participant‐reported denture dislodgements, and awareness/rates of how bothersome peanut particles under dentures were.

Results

In the pilot, the median peanut particle mass was lower with either pattern application compared with no adhesive. In the efficacy study, peanut particle mass under combined dentures was lower with than without adhesive (geometric mean [product of values]: 5.56 vs. 29.13 mg) with a between‐group geometric mean ratio (adhesive over no adhesive) of 0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.30) favoring the Test adhesive (p < .0001). Similar Test adhesive beneficial outcomes in both studies included significantly fewer denture dislodgements and awareness and how bothersome peanut particles under dentures were. Treatments were generally well‐tolerated.

Conclusions

These findings, including reduced peanut particle infiltration, fewer denture dislodgments, and lower ratings of bothersomeness, corroborate those studies investigating the benefits of denture adhesive in preventing food infiltration.
Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration
Authors: Beisaw Arica , Wu Chi‐Chung
Published: December 2022

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de‐maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
Political economy of renewable energy transition in rentier states: The case of Oman
Authors: Al‐Sarihi Aisha , Cherni Judith A.
Published: December 2022

Despite the abundance of renewable resources, renewable energy accounts for less than 1% of the total installed power capacity in oil‐producing Gulf Arab states. While the political–economic structures of oil‐producing Gulf Arab states are thought to have played a role in determining these states' remarkably low uptake of renewable energy, these structures remain understudied. With a focus on Oman, we assess how political–economic structures have influenced its adoption of renewable energy. We implement an analytical framework that integrates insights from energy transition studies and the political–economic theory of rentier states. Drawing on secondary data and primary information from semi‐structured interviews with renewable energy developers and energy experts, this study reveals that renewable energy roll‐out in Oman has been delayed through three different strategies, namely the use media and public debate, a reduction of the power of renewable energy stakeholders, and the use of institutional mechanisms to strengthen hydrocarbon‐based technologies. Oman's renewable energy transition efforts aim to protect rents from oil exports rather than advance low‐carbon energy transition.
Influence of Bis‐NHC Ligand on Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Bołt Małgorzata , Mermela Aleksandra , Żak Patrycja
Published: December 2022

Synthesis and characterization of a new bifunctional N‐heterocyclic carbene precursor with sterically expanded substituents is described. The obtained NHC is employed in the catalytic system for hydrosilylation of internal alkynes providing a fully selective and effective process in mild conditions under air. Comparison of the performance of the newly developed catalytic system with its analogs based on monofunctional NHC ligands proves that the presence of two metal atoms and the proper design of the steric environment around the metal center ensure a definitely greater activity in the hydrosilylation process.
Synthesis of Flavin‐Indole Conjugates with Rigid Diamino Linkers as Cryptochrome Model Compounds
Authors: Schröder Nils , Schmidtmann Marc , Mouritsen Henrik , Christoffers Jens
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of flavin‐indole conjugates with a trans‐1,4‐diaminocyclohexane and a 2,6‐diaminodecahydronaphthalene linker is reported. Both compounds should serve as artificial model compounds for natural cryptochrome. It is assumed that cryptochrome photoreceptor proteins located in the retina show a light‐dependent quantum effect which enables migratory birds to perceive the Earth's magnetic field and is thus used for navigation. Both model compounds were prepared by stepwise reductive aminations of indole carbaldehyde and a flavin‐substituted acetaldehyde with the appropriate diamine linkers. The hitherto unknown 2,6‐diaminodecahydronaphthalene was prepared in four steps from 2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene as the achiral (meso) ax,ax,trans‐diastereoisomer. The configuration of this key intermediate as well as synthetic precursors has been established by a series of X‐ray single crystal analyses.