bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding behavior and nutrient intake in spiny forest‐dwelling ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) during early gestation and early to mid‐lactation periods: Compensating in a harsh environment
Authors: Gould Lisa , Power Michael L. , Ellwanger Nicholas , Rambeloarivony Hajamanitra
Published: May 2011

Strong resource seasonality in Madagascar has led to the evolution of female feeding priority and weaning synchrony in most lemur species. For these taxa, pregnancy/early lactation periods coincide with low food availability, and weaning of infants is timed with increased resources at the onset of the rainy season. Reproductive females experience high metabolic requirements, which they must accommodate, particularly when food resources are scarce. Female ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) residing in spiny forest habitat must deal with resource scarcity, high temperatures (∼36–40°C) and little shade in early to mid‐lactation periods. Considered “income breeders,” these females must use resources obtained from the environment instead of relying on fat stores; thus, we expected they would differ from same‐sized males in time spent on feeding and in the intake of food and nutrients. We investigated these variables in two groups (N = 11 and 12) of Lemur catta residing in spiny forest habitat during early gestation and early to mid‐lactation periods. Focal animal data and food plant samples were collected, and plants were analyzed for protein, kcal, and fiber. We found no sex differences for any feeding or nutrient intake variable for the top five food species consumed. Females in early gestation spent more time feeding compared with early/mid‐lactation. Physiological compensation for spiny forest‐dwelling females may be tied to greater time spent resting compared with gallery forest conspecifics, consuming foods high in protein, calories, and water, reduced home range defense in a sparsely populated habitat, and for Lemur catta females in general, production of relatively dilute milk compared with many strepsirrhines. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved Assessment of Ex Vivo Brainstem Neuroanatomy With High‐Resolution MRI and DTI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Soria Guadalupe , De Notaris Matteo , Tudela Raúl , Blasco Gerard , Puig Josep , Planas Anna M. , Pedraza Salvador , Prats‐Galino Alberto
Published: May 2011

The aim of the present work was to provide the topography of the main gray nuclei and white matter tracts of the human brainstem at 7 Tesla (7 T) high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using structural imaging (T1) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Both imaging techniques represent a new field of increasing interest for its potential neuroanatomic and neuropathologic value. Brainstems were obtained postmortem from human donors, fixated by intracarotid perfusion of 10% neutral buffered formalin, and scanned in a Bruker BioSpec 7 T horizontal scanner. 3D‐data sets were acquired using the modified driven equilibrium Fourier transform (MDEFT) sequence and Spin Echo‐DTI (SE‐DTI) sequence was used for DTI acquisition. High‐resolution structural MRI and DTI of the human brainstem acquired postmortem reveals its basic cyto‐ and myeloar‐chitectonic organization, only visualized to this moment by histological techniques and higher magnetic field strengths. Brainstem structures that are usually not observed with lower magnetic fields were now topographically identified at midbrain, pons, and medullar levels. The application of high‐resolution structural MRI will contribute to precisely determine the extension and topography of brain lesions. Indeed, the current findings will be useful to interpret future high‐resolution in vivo MRI studies in living humans. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular Trafficking of Histone Deacetylase 4 Regulates Long‐Term Memory Formation
Authors: Wang Wen‐Han , Cheng Li‐Cheng , Pan Fei‐Yan , Xue Bin , Wang Da‐Yong , Chen Zhong , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: May 2011

Histone acetylation is important for gene transcription, which is controlled by the balance between two kinds of opposing enzymes: histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs repress gene transcription by decreasing histone acetylation levels. Our hypothesis was that shuttling of Class II HDACs, such as HDAC4, between the nucleus and cytoplasm is critical for its function. We constructed mutants of mammalian HDAC4 that had different cellular locations and checked their function during memory formation using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model. The deletion of hda4, a homolog of HDAC4, was able to enhance learning and long‐term memory (LTM) in a thermotaxis model. Transgenic experiments showed that mammalian wild‐type HDAC4 rescued the phenotype of hda4‐deleted worms but impaired LTM formation in wild‐type worms. The cytosol‐localized HDAC4 mutant was not able to alter the phenotype of knock‐out worms but led to enhanced LTM formation in wild‐type worms similar to hda4‐deletion mutants. Constitutive nuclear localization of HDAC4 rescued the phenotype of deletion worms similar to wild‐type HDAC4 but had no effect on wild‐type worms. These results support our hypothesis that HDAC4′s biological function is regulated by its intracellular distribution. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional characterization and immunolocalization of odorant binding protein 1 in the lucerne plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (GOEZE)
Authors: Gu Shao‐Hua , Wang Wei‐Xuan , Wang Gui‐Rong , Zhang Xue‐Ying , Guo Yu‐Yuan , Zhang Ziding , Zhou Jing‐Jiang , Zhang Yong‐Jun
Published: May 2011

In the insect phylum, the relationships between individuals and their environment are often modulated by chemical communication. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are widely and robustly expressed in insect olfactory organs and play a key role in chemosensing and transporting hydrophobic odorants across the sensillum lymph to the olfactory receptor neuron. In this study, a novel OBP gene (AlinOBP1) in the lucerne plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus was identified, cloned and expressed. Real‐time PCR results indicated that the expression level of AlinOBP1 gene differed in each developmental stage (from first instar to adult) and was predominantly expressed in the antennae of adults. The expression level of AlinOBP1 was 1.91 times higher in male antennae than in female antennae. The binding properties of AlinOBP1 with 114 odorants were measured using a fluorescence probe, N‐phenyl‐1‐naphthylamine (1‐NPN), with fluorescence competitive binding. The results revealed that AlinOBP1 exhibits high binding abilities with two major putative pheromone components, ethyl butyrate and trans‐2‐hexenyl butyrate. In addition, it was observed that six volatiles released from cotton, octanal, nonanal, decanal, 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol, β‐caryophyllene and β‐ionone also bind to AlinOBP1. Immunocytochemistry analysis showed that AlinOBP1 was expressed in the sensillum lymph of sensilla trichodica and sensilla basiconca. Our results demonstrate that AlinOBP1 may function as a carrier in the chemoperception of the lucerne plant bug. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatectomy for recurrent colorectal liver metastases after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Brouquet A , Vauthey J-N , Badgwell B D , Loyer E M , Kaur H , Curley S A , Abdalla E K
Published: May 2011

Background

The results of surgery for recurrent colorectal liver metastases (CLM) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have not been evaluated.

Methods

From 1993 to 2009, data on patients who underwent resection or RFA for recurrent CLM were collected prospectively. Inclusion criteria for this study were RFA as initial treatment for CLM and resection of recurrent CLM after RFA. Postoperative results and oncological outcomes were analysed.

Results

Twenty-eight patients (median number of tumours 1 (1–3), median size 2·8 (2·0–4·0) cm) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 had recurrence at the site of RFA only, two developed new lesions, whereas four had both recurrent and de novo metastases. At the time of resection, patients had a median of 1 (1–13) CLM with a median maximum tumour diameter of 5·0 (1·8–11·0) cm, significantly larger than at the time of RFA (P = 0·021). Ninety-day postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 46 per cent (13 of 28) and 7 per cent (2 of 28) respectively. After a median follow-up of 35 (0–70) months, 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis were 60 and 29 per cent respectively. Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen level over 5 ng/ml at the time of resection and a rectal primary tumour were associated with worse survival (P = 0·041 and P = 0·021 respectively).

Conclusion

Resection for recurrence after RFA is associated with significant morbidity and modest long-term benefit.
Bilateral coronary ostial stenoses post‐bentall procedure causing hemodynamic collapse and requiring mechanical assist device placement: Successful intervention using the Szabo technique
Authors: Kovacic Jason C. , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna S.
Published: May 2011

Despite surgical advances, the Bentall procedure still carries a 2–6% rate of acute complications involving the coronary vessels, including ostial stenoses, kinking or pseudoaneurysm formation. We report an unusual case of a patient who developed acute cardiogenic shock within hours following a Bentall procedure, requiring urgent mechanical assist device support. Coronary angiography revealed significant bilateral coronary ostial stenoses; suggesting global cardiac hypoperfusion as the cause for this acute hemodynamic collapse. Given the disturbed coronary anatomy, the novel Szabo technique was used to accurately position and deploy an ostial right and then an ostial left main coronary stent, with excellent angiographic results. We conclude that even in situations with altered coronary anatomy, the Szabo technique should be considered for any patient requiring precise aorto‐ostial stent placement. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subintimal guidewire tracking during successful percutaneous therapy for chronic coronary total occlusions: Insights from an intravascular ultrasound analysis
Authors: Muhammad Kamran I. , Lombardi William L. , Christofferson Ryan , Whitlow Patrick L.
Published: May 2011

Objectives: We sought to determine the frequency of subintimal guidewire tracking during successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary total occlusions (CTOs) and to better understand the procedural implications of this event. Background: Successful PCI for chronic CTO is associated with improved outcomes in patients with ischemia. While subintimal guidewire tracking resulting in failure to cross is recognized as the major mode of failure for CTO PCI, the implications of subintimal guidewire tracking during successful CTO PCI are unknown. Methods: Between March 2007 and October 2007, 26 consecutive patients, each with one de‐novo CTO lesion successfully crossed with a guidewire were included in the analysis. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed in each CTO vessel after guidewire crossing. Cases were classified as having definite subintimal wire tracking or no clear evidence of subintimal wire tracking based on analysis of IVUS images. Results: Subintimal wire tracking occurred in 45% of cases. In cases where subintimal wire tracking was present, a previous attempt at CTO PCI was more common (42% vs. 7%, P ≤ 0.05). Subintimal wire tracking was also associated with significantly longer final mean stent length (71 vs. 50 mm), procedure time (122 vs. 69 min), fluoroscopy time (47 vs. 22 min), and contrast dose (300 vs. 199 mL, P ≤ 0.05 for all). There was one perforation in the subintimal group which was successfully treated with stent placement. Conclusions: Subintimal wire tracking occurs frequently during successful PCI for CTO and is associated with increased lesion and procedural complexity.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Retrograde recanalization of chronic total occlusions from the transradial approach; Early canadian experience
Authors: Rinfret Stéphane , Joyal Dominique , Nguyen Can Manh , Bagur Rodrigo , Hui William , Leung Raymond , Larose Eric , Love Michael P. , Mansour Samer
Published: May 2011

Background: Retrograde approach for chronic total occlusions (CTO) improves recanalization success rates. Eight French (Fr) catheters and the femoral approach are advocated. Objectives: Evaluate whether transradial operators can achieve similar success rates using smaller catheters. Methods: This is a single‐operator series of 42 consecutive cases performed between January and December 2010, including 13 while demonstrating CTO recanalization. Patients were referred because of complexity of the CTO or after failed attempt. Results: Most frequent indications for recanalization were CCS 3–4 angina (52%) and CCS 1–2 in 21%. Eighteen (43%) patients underwent previous failed attempts. CTO was in the right coronary in 74%, left anterior descending in 24%, and a left main in 1. Most lesions (88%) were ≥20 mm long and 52% were calcified. We used septal collateral channels (CC) in 33 (79%), epicardial CC in 8 (20%), and a saphenous vein graft in one case. Radial access was used in all patients and was bilateral in 37 (88%). Five cases required one radial and one femoral access. Six French guides were used in 91% for the retrograde side and 71% for the antegrade side. Otherwise, 7 Fr guides were used. The Corsair® was used in 38 (90%). Procedural success was achieved in 37 (88%), mostly using reverse controlled antegrade–retrograde tracking (60%) or retrograde crossing (29%). The average <24‐h Hb drop was 0.75 ± 0.84 g/dl. No in‐hospital major cardiac events occurred. Conclusion: Transradial retrograde CTO recanalization is feasible, safe, and still associated with high success rates despite the use of smaller guide catheters. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐year follow‐up of the genous™ endothelial progenitor cell capturing stent versus the taxus liberté stent in patients with De Novo coronary artery lesions with a high‐risk of restenosis
Authors: Beijk Marcel A.M. , Klomp Margo , van Geloven Nan , Koch Karel T. , Henriques José P.S. , Baan Jan , Vis Marije M. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Piek Jan J. , de Winter Robbert J.
Published: May 2011

Background:

In the prospective randomized TRIAS pilot study, the bio‐engineered Genous™ endothelial progenitor cell capturing stent was compared with the Taxus Liberté™ SR paclitaxel‐eluting stent. At 1 yr, a statistically nonsignificant difference in the rates of target vessel failure (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization) was observed. We have evaluated the safety and efficacy up to 2 yr.

Methods:

A total of 193 patients with de novo coronary artery lesions carrying a high risk of restenosis were randomized to a Genous stent versus a Taxus stent. Dual antiplatelet therapy was prescribed for ≥1 month after Genous stent implantation and for ≥6 months after a Taxus stent.

Results:

Between 1 and 2 yr, patients treated with the Genous stent tended to have fewer episodes of target lesion revascularization (2.0% versus 5.3%), but nearly similar rates of cardiac death (1.0% versus 0%), myocardial infarction (0% versus 1.1%), and stent thrombosis (0% versus 1.1%) when compared with the Taxus stent. As a result, at 2‐yr follow‐up treatment with the Genous stent compared with the Taxus stent resulted in a nonsignificant difference in target vessel failure (TVR) (20.4% versus 15.8%; risk difference 4.6%, 95% CI −6.2–15.5%). No stent thrombosis was observed in the Genous group compared to five cases (in four patients) in the Taxus group, resulting in a difference as compared with the Taxus stent (risk difference −4.2%; 95%CI −8.2% to −0.2%).

Conclusions:

In the TRIAS pilot study, treatment of coronary artery lesions carrying a high risk of restenosis with the Genous compared with the Taxus stent resulted in a nonsignificant difference of TVR at 2‐yr follow‐up, with convergence of the Kaplan‐Meier curves between 1 and 2 yr. Stent thrombosis was only observed after Taxus stent implantation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevention of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury in patients with stable chronic renal disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary and peripheral interventions: Randomized comparison of two preventive strategies
Authors: Hafiz Abdul Moiz , Jan M. Fuad , Mori Naoyo , Shaikh Fareed , Wallach Jeffrey , Bajwa Tanvir , Allaqaband Suhail
Published: May 2011

Objective: We compared use of intravenous (IV) normal saline (NS) to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) with or without oral N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) for prevention of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI). Background: CI‐AKI is associated with significant adverse clinical events. Use of NAC has produced variable results. Recently, intravenous hydration with NaHCO3 for CI‐AKI prophylaxis has been adopted as standard treatment for patients with stable chronic renal disease undergoing catheterization procedures. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 320 patients with baseline renal insufficiency scheduled to undergo catheterization. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either IV NS ± NAC (n = 161) or IV dextrose 5% in water containing 154 mEq/l of NaHCO3 ± NAC (n = 159). IV NS was administered at 1 ml/kg body weight for 12 hr preprocedure and 12 more hr postprocedure. IV NaHCO3 was administered at 3 ml/kg body weight for 1 hr preprocedure followed by 1 ml/kg body weight postprocedure. A 1,200 mg oral dose of NAC was given 2–12 hr preprocedure and 6–12 hr postprocedure in 50% of patients in each study arm. CI‐AKI was defined as an increase of >0.5 mg/dl or >25% above baseline creatinine. Results: Overall incidence of CI‐AKI was 10.3%. There was no significant difference in incidence among the two groups (NS ± NAC 11.8% vs. NaHCO3 ± NAC 8.8%, p = ns). Incidence of CI‐AKI increased with increasing age (p = 0.001), contrast agent use >3 ml/kg body weight (p = 0.038) and diuretic use (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Incidence of CI‐AKI was no different in the NaHCO3 group compared to NS group, and NAC did not reduce CI‐AKI in the two study arms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mid‐term follow up of perventricular device closure of muscular ventricular septal defects
Authors: Bendaly Edgard A. , Hoyer Mark H. , Breinholt John P.
Published: May 2011

Background: Surgical and transcatheter management of muscular ventricular septal defects (MVSD) have independent drawbacks. Hybrid procedures are becoming increasingly utilized to manage congenital cardiac lesions including MVSDs. This report describes the mid‐term results of perventricular device closure of MVSDs at a single institution. Methods: The cardiology database of patients who underwent attempted perventricular MVSD closure from a single institution was reviewed. Results: Between January 2004 and December 2009, six patients underwent attempted perventricular MVSD closure in the operating room. Mean age was 9.8 ± 9.1 months; mean weight was 7.2 ± 3.7 kg. In five patients, closure was successful without use of bypass. In one patient, the device embolized to the left ventricle after release and patch closure of the MVSD was performed on cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean interval from the procedure to the most recent echocardiogram for the patients with successful perventricular closure was 39.8 ± 25.2 months. Three patients demonstrated no residual shunt at the last echocardiogram. Two patients had mild, hemodynamically insignificant shunting; one had a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm that was embolized during repeat catheterization. Conclusions: Perventricular closure of MVSDs is attractive because it overcomes the limitations of surgery and catheterization. Additionally, it spares the need for cardiopulmonary bypass and its comorbidities. In some instances, however, successful deployment of the device is not possible. Our mid‐term results demonstrate overall success but identify possible complications that are not immediately identified in the short term. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coarctate versus Pericyclic Reactivity in Naphthalene‐Fused Azo–Ene–Ynes: Synthesis of Benzocinnolines and Benzoisoindazoles
Authors: McClintock Sean P. , Zakharov Lev N. , Herges Rainer , Haley Michael M.
Published: May 2011

The cyclization reactions of naphthalene‐fused azo–ene–yne compounds are explored both computationally and experimentally. Calculations reveal that naphtho‐fusion to an azo–ene–yne scaffold does not significantly alter the transition state energies compared to the benzene‐based systems; however, fusing the naphthalene in an angular fashion leads to lower energy intermediates due to the creation of arenes possessing greater aromaticity. Experimentally, the cyclization of the angular systems yields not only the expected monomeric benzocinnolines and benzoisoindazoles, but also several dimeric structures, including one that readily isomerizes in the presence of light and/or trace acid.
Reduced Molybenum‐Oxide‐Based Core–Shell Hybrids: “Blue” Electrons Are Delocalized on the Shell
Authors: Todea Ana Maria , Szakács Julia , Konar Sanjit , Bögge Hartmut , Crans Debbie C. , Glaser Thorsten , Rousselière Hélène , Thouvenot René , Gouzerh Pierre , Müller Achim
Published: May 2011

The present study refers to a variety of reduced metal‐oxide core–shell hybrids, which are unique with regard to their electronic structure, their geometry, and their formation. They contain spherical {Mo72Fe30} Keplerate‐type shells encapsulating Keggin‐type polyoxomolybdates based on very weak interactions. Studies on the encapsulation of molybdosilicate as well as on the earlier reported molybdophosphate, coupled with the use of several physical methods for the characterization led to unprecedented results (see title). Upon standing in air at room temperature, acidified aqueous solutions obtained by dissolving sodium molybdate, iron(II) chloride, acetic acid, and molybdosilicic acid led to the precipitation of monoclinic greenish crystals (1). A rhombohedral variant (2) has also been observed. Upon drying at room temperature, compound 3 with a layer structure was obtained from 1 in a solid‐state reaction based on cross‐linking of the shells. The compounds 1, 2, and 3 have been characterized by a combination of methods including single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, magnetic studies, as well as IR, Mössbauer, (resonance) Raman, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. In connection with detailed studies of the guest‐free two‐electron‐reduced {Mo72Fe30}‐type Keplerate (4) and of the previously reported molybdophosphate‐based hybrids (including 31P NMR spectroscopy results), it is unambiguously proved that 1, 2, and 3 contain non‐reduced Keggin ion cores and reduced {Mo72Fe30}‐type shells. The results are discussed in terms of redox considerations (the shell as well as the core can be reduced) including those related to the reduction of “molybdates” by FeII being of interdisciplinary including catalytic interest (the MoVI/MoV and FeIII/FeII couples have very close redox potentials!), while also referring to the special formation of the hybrids based on chemical Darwinism.
Probing the Role of the Linker in Ferrocene–ATP Conjugates: Monitoring Protein Kinase Catalyzed Phosphorylations Electrochemically
Authors: Martić Sanela , Labib Mahmoud , Freeman Daniel , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard
Published: May 2011

The synthesis and electrochemical properties of ferrocene conjugates are presented for the purpose of investigating adenosine 5′‐[γ‐ferrocenoylalkyl] triphosphate (1 a–4 a, ferrocene (Fc)–ATP) as co‐substrates for phosphorylation reactions. Compounds 1 a–4 a were synthesized, purified by HPLC, and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In solution, all Fc–ATP bioconjugates exhibit a reversible one‐electron redox process with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) in the 390–430 mV range, peak separations (ΔEp) in the 40–70 mV range, and the peak current ratio (ipa/ipc) near unity. The peptide‐modified surface Glu‐Gly‐Ile‐Tyr‐Asp‐Val‐Pro was used to study the sarcoma‐related protein (Src) kinase activity by employing the Fc–ATP bioconjugates as co‐substrates. Subsequent kinase‐catalyzed transfer of the γ‐Fc‐phosphate group to the tyrosine residues of the surface‐bound peptides was characterized by a formal potential (Eo) ≈390 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). The Fc‐coverage, estimated by time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), suggested validity of Fc–ATP conjugates as kinase co‐substrates. Depending on the length of the alkyl spacer of the Fc–ATP conjugate, different current densities were obtained, pointing to a direct correlation between the two. Molecular modeling revealed that the structural constraint imposed by the short alkyl spacer (1 a) causes a steric congestion and negatively affects the outcome of phosphorylation reaction. An optimal analytical response was obtained with the Fc–ATP conjugates with linker lengths longer than six CH2 groups.
Carbon Nanotube–Nucleobase Hybrids: Nanorings from Uracil‐Modified Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Singh Prabhpreet , Toma Francesca Maria , Kumar Jitendra , Venkatesh V. , Raya Jesus , Prato Maurizio , Verma Sandeep , Bianco Alberto
Published: May 2011

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been covalently functionalized with uracil nucleobase. The hybrids have been characterized by using complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The uracil‐functionalized SWCNTs are able to self‐assemble into regular nanorings with a diameter of 50–70 nm, as observed by AFM and TEM. AFM shows that the rings do not have a consistent height and thickness, which indicates that they may be formed by separate bundles of CNTs. The simplest model for the nanoring formation likely involves two bundles of CNTs interacting with each other via uracil–uracil base‐pairing at both CNT ends. These nanorings can be envisaged for the development of advanced electronic circuits.
An alert correlation platform for memory‐supported techniques
Authors: Roschke Sebastian , Cheng Feng , Meinel Christoph
Published: May 2011

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been widely deployed in practice for detecting malicious behavior on network communication and hosts. False‐positive alerts are a popular problem for most IDS approaches. The solution to address this problem is to enhance the detection process by correlation and clustering of alerts. To meet the practical requirements, this process needs to be finished fast, which is a challenging task as the amount of alerts in large‐scale IDS deployments is significantly high. We identifytextitdata storage and processing algorithms to be the most important factors influencing the performance of clustering and correlation. We propose and implement a highly efficient alert correlation platform. For storage, a column‐based database, an In‐Memory alert storage, and memory‐based index tables lead to significant improvements of the performance. For processing, algorithms are designed and implemented which are optimized for In‐Memory databases, e.g. an attack graph‐based correlation algorithm. The platform can be distributed over multiple processing units to share memory and processing power. A standardized interface is designed to provide a unified view of result reports for end users. The efficiency of the platform is tested by practical experiments with several alert storage approaches, multiple algorithms, as well as a local and a distributed deployment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Interplay between ππ*/nπ* Excited States in Gas‐Phase Thymine: A Quantum Dynamical Study
Authors: Picconi David , Barone Vincenzo , Lami Alessandro , Santoro Fabrizio , Improta Roberto
Published: May 2011

A quantum mechanical study of the interplay between the bright ππ* (Sπ) and the dark nπ* (Sn) excited states of thymine in the gas phase is reported. TD‐PBE0 calculations indicate that within a relevant region of the Sπ surface, connecting the Franck–Condon point with the planar and non‐planar Sπ plateau, Sπ and Sn are almost isoenergetic and that a Sπ→Sn population transfer is therefore likely. This latter process has been studied by two complementary quantum dynamical approaches, a three‐dimensional anharmonic (quartic) model, and a full‐dimensional harmonic linear vibronic coupling model. Although providing slightly different quantitative indications, both approaches predict a very fast and effective Sπ→Sn population transfer: already at 50 fs the Sn state is significantly populated (20–40 %) and this population persists or even increases on a longer time scale.
A Confidence Level Algorithm for the Determination of Absolute Configuration Using Vibrational Circular Dichroism or Raman Optical Activity
Authors: Debie Elke , De Gussem Ewoud , Dukor Rina K. , Herrebout Wouter , Nafie Laurence A. , Bultinck Patrick
Published: May 2011

Spectral comparison is an important part of the assignment of the absolute configuration (AC) by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), or equally by Raman optical activity (ROA). In order to avoid bias caused by personal interpretation, numerical methods have been developed to compare measured and calculated spectra. Using a neighbourhood similarity measure, the agreement between a computed and measured VCD or ROA spectrum is expressed numerically to introduce a novel confidence level measure. This allows users of vibrational optical activity (VOA) techniques (VCD and ROA) to assess the reliability of their assignment of the AC of a compound. To that end, a database of successful AC determinations is compiled along with neighbourhood similarity values between the experimental spectrum and computed spectra for both enantiomers. For any new AC determination, the neighbourhood similarities between the experimental spectrum and the computed spectra for both enantiomers are projected on the database allowing an interpretation of the reliability of their assignment.
Hole‐Burning Spectra of m‐Fluorophenol/Ammonia (1:3) Clusters and Their Excited State Hydrogen Transfer Dynamics
Authors: Tsuji Norihiro , Ishiuchi Shun‐ichi , Jouvet Christophe , Dedonder‐Lardeux Claude , Miyazaki Mitsuhiko , Sakai Makoto , Fujii Masaaki
Published: May 2011

Hole‐burning spectra of m‐fluorophenol/ammonia (1:3) clusters are measured by four‐color UV‐near IR‐UV‐UV hole‐burning spectroscopy. Cis and trans isomers of the cluster are clearly distinguished in the (1:3) cluster. Picosecond time evolutions of the excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT) reaction in the (1:3) clusters are measured by the ion depletion due to 3p–3s Rydberg transition of reaction products ⋅NH4(NH3)2 lying in the near infrared region. From the wavelength dependence of the time evolution, we have concluded 1) the initial formation of a metastable ⋅NH4–NH3–NH3 radical and 2) successive isomerization to the most stable NH3–⋅NH4–NH3 radical in both cis and trans isomers. The reaction lifetimes of ESHT are determined by the rate equation analysis as 32.4 and 31.8 ps for the cis and trans isomer, respectively, and the isomerization and its back‐reaction lifetime of both isomers are determined to be 3.3 ps and 11.2 ps. The almost same reaction rates are consistent with the similarity of the hydrogen bond networks in both clusters.
Towards generalized ID‐based user authentication for mobile multi‐server environment
Authors: Chuang Yun‐Hsin , Tseng Yuh‐Min
Published: May 2011

With the popularity of Internet and wireless networks, more and more network architectures are used in multi‐server environment, in which mobile users remotely access servers through open networks. In the past, many schemes have been proposed to solve the issue of user authentication for multi‐server environment and low‐power mobile devices. However, most of these schemes have suffered from many attacks because these schemes did not provide the formal security analysis. In this paper, we first give a security model for multi‐server environment. We then propose an ID‐based mutual authentication and key agreement scheme based on bilinear maps for mobile multi‐server environment. Our scheme can be used for both general users with a long validity period and anonymous users with a short validity period. Under the presented security model, we show that our scheme is secure against all known attacks. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme is well suitable for low‐power mobile devices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ectoplasm, ghost in the R cell machine?
Authors: Xia Hongai , Ready Donald F.
Published: May 2011

Drosophila photoreceptors (R cells) are an extreme instance of sensory membrane amplification via apical microvilli, a widely deployed and deeply conserved operation of polarized epithelial cells. Developmental rotation of R cell apices aligns rhabdomere microvilli across the optical axis and enables enormous membrane expansion in a new, proximal distal dimension. R cell ectoplasm, the specialized cortical cytoplasm abutting the rhabdomere is likewise enormously amplified. Ectoplasm is dominated by the actin‐rich terminal web, a conserved operational domain of the ancient vesicle‐transport motor, Myosin V. R cells harness Myosin V to move two distinct cargoes, the biosynthetic traffic that builds the rhabdomere during development, and the migration of pigment granules that mediates the adaptive “longitudinal pupil” in adults, using two distinct Rab proteins. Ectoplasm further shapes a distinct cortical endosome compartment, the subrhabdomeral cisterna (SRC), vital to normal cell function. Reticulon, a protein that promotes endomembrane curvature, marks the SRC. R cell visual arrestin 2 (Arr2) is predominantly cytoplasmic in dark‐adapted photoreceptors but on illumination it translocates to the rhabdomere, where it quenches ongoing photosignaling by binding to activated metarhodopsin. Arr2 translocation is “powered” by diffusion; a motor is not required to move Arr2 and ectoplasm does not obstruct its rapid diffusion to the rhabdomere. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1246‐1257, 2011
Dicer is required for the maintenance of notch signaling and gliogenic competence during mouse retinal development
Authors: Georgi Sean A. , Reh Thomas A.
Published: May 2011

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–25 nucleotide RNAs that regulate messenger RNA translation and stability. Recently, we performed a conditional knockout (CKO) of the miRNA‐processing enzyme Dicer during mouse retinal development and showed an essential role for miRNAs in the transition of retinal progenitors from an early to a late competence state (Georgi and Reh [2010]: J Neurosci 30:4048–4061). Notably, Dicer CKO progenitors failed to express Ascl1 and generated ganglion cells beyond their normal competence window. Because Ascl1 regulates multiple Notch signaling components, we hypothesized that Notch signaling is downregulated in Dicer CKO retinas. We show here that Notch signaling is severely reduced in Dicer CKO retinas, but that retinal progenitors still retain a low level of Notch signaling. By increasing Notch signaling in Dicer CKO progenitors through constitutive expression of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), we show that transgenic rescue of Notch signaling has little effect on the competence of retinal progenitors or the enhanced generation of ganglion cells, suggesting that loss of Notch signaling is not a major determinant of these phenotypes. Nevertheless, transgenic NICD expression restored horizontal cells, suggesting an interaction between miRNAs and Notch signaling in the development of this cell type. Furthermore, while NICD overexpression leads to robust glial induction in control retinas, NICD overexpression was insufficient to drive Dicer‐null retinal progenitors to a glial fate. Surprisingly, the presence of transgenic NICD expression did not prevent the differentiation of some types of retinal neurons, suggesting that Notch inactivation is not an absolute requirement for the initial stages of neuronal differentiation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1153‐1169, 2011
Determination of 6‐mercaptopurine in the presence of uric acid using modified multiwall carbon nanotubes‐TiO2 as a voltammetric sensor
Authors: Ensafi Ali A. , Karimi‐Maleh H.
Published: May 2011

In this work, a multiwall carbon nanotubes modified electrode (prepared by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles with p‐aminophenol as a mediator) was used as voltammetric sensor for the determination of 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) in the presence of uric acid (UA). The voltammograms of 6‐MP and UA in a mixture can be separated from each other by differential pulse voltammetry with a potential difference of 380 mV at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1. These conditions are sufficient to allow for the determination of 6‐MP and UA both individually and simultaneously. The electrocatalytic currents increase linearly with 6‐MP concentration in the ranges of 0.09–350 µmol L−1 (two linear segments with different slopes). The detection limit for 6‐MP was 0.065 µmol L−1. The RSD% for 1.0 and 15.0 µmol L−1 6‐MP were 0.7%, and 1.2%, respectively. The kinetic parameters of the system were determined using electrochemical approaches. The method was successfully applied for the determination of 6‐MP in drug sample, and 6‐MP plus UA in urine samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of polar surface area of drug molecules: A QSPR approach
Authors: Noorizadeh H. , Farmany A. , Noorizadeh M. , Kohzadi M.
Published: May 2011

A quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) study based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was carried out for the prediction of the microemulsion liquid chromatography polar surface area (PSA) of a set of 32 drug compounds. The genetic algorithm‐kernel partial least squares (GA‐KPLS) method was used as a variable selection tool. A KPLS method was used to select the best descriptors and the selected descriptors were used as input neurons in neural network model. For choosing the best predictive model from among comparable models, square correlation coefficient Q2 for the whole set calculated based on leave‐group‐out predicted values of the training set and model‐derived predicted values for the test set compounds is suggested to be a good criterion. Finally, to improve the results, structure‐property relationships were followed by nonlinear approach using artificial neural networks and consequently better results were obtained. Also this demonstrates the advantages of ANN. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single and mixed chemically modified carbon paste ion‐selective electrodes for determination of ketotifen fumarate
Authors: Khater M. M. , Issa Y. M. , Mohamed S. H.
Published: May 2011

New modified carbon paste electrodes for determination of ketotifen fumarate in its pure and pharmaceutical preparations were constructed. The used modifiers are ketotifen phosphotungestate (Keto3PT), and ketotifen tetraphenylborate (Keto‐TPB). Single and mixed ion‐associate electrodes were prepared. Both Keto‐TPB and mixed (Keto‐TPB and Keto3PT) electrodes have a linearity range of 1.00 × 10−5‐1.00 × 10−2 mol L−1. The slopes were 58.30 and 54.20 mV/decade for Keto‐TPB and mixed chemically modified carbon paste electrodes (CMCPE), respectively. The limits of detection were 1.42 × 10−6 and 1.00 × 10−5 mol L−1 for Keto‐TPB and mixed CMCPEs, respectively. The potential variation due to pH change is considered acceptable in the pH ranges 4.44–9.11 and 2.50–9.00 for Keto‐TPB and mixed ion‐exchanger CMCPE, respectively. The response time was ≤10 s for both electrodes. Selectivity coefficients values towards different inorganic cations, sugars, and amino acids reflect high selectivity of the prepared electrodes. Potentiometric titrations and standard addition methods were applied for the determination of ketotifen ion in its pure samples and pharmaceutical formulations (Zaditen tablet and syrup) using proposed electrodes. The electrodes were also tested in flow injection analysis (FIA). The results obtained from both methods were statistically treated by F‐ and t‐tests. The carbon paste electrodes have the advantages of being more easily prepared and longer life span compared to the plastic membrane electrodes previously reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fear of food as a treatment target: Exposure and response prevention for anorexia nervosa in an open series
Authors: Steinglass Joanna , Albano Anne Marie , Simpson H. Blair , Carpenter Kenneth , Schebendach Janet , Attia Evelyn
Published: May 2011

Objective:

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness with high rates of relapse and rehospitalization. New treatment approaches are needed. We aimed to evaluate the potential utility of addressing eating‐related fear in the treatment of AN using psychotherapy techniques known to be effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder, namely exposure therapy and response prevention.

Method:

We developed a brief treatment intervention for AN (AN‐EXRP) and evaluated its effects in an open series of nine individuals with AN towards the end of acute weight restoration. We focused on eating behavior as the primary outcome, as it is related both to anxiety and to longer term course.

Results:

Change in anxiety with AN‐EXRP was associated with greater caloric intake.

Discussion:

These findings support the anxiety‐centered model of AN and suggest the potential utility of further developing this treatment approach. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Stereoselective Syntheses of Aza, Amino and Imino Sugar Derivatives by Hydroboration of 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐oxazines as Key Reaction
Authors: Dekaris Vjekoslav , Pulz Robert , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Lentz Dieter , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: May 2011

Starting from enantiopure 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐oxazinessyn‐1 we introduced an additional hydroxy group in a stereoselective fashion by a standard hydroboration/oxidation protocol. Under “regular“ conditions substrate control was sufficient to achieve a very high degree of stereoselectivity. However, a diastereomeric product was isolated when a partially “degraded” borane reagent was used. We could synthesise this new diastereomer on purpose by addition of alcohols to the “fresh“ hydroboration reagent. The level of stereoinduction increased with the steric bulk of the added alcohol: MeOH < nBuOH < iPrOH < tBuOH. After a two‐step oxidation/reduction sequence, another 5‐hydroxy‐1,2‐oxazine epimer was accessible. The obtained 5‐hydroxy‐1,2‐oxazine diastereomers 2 were used as versatile intermediates in a series of transformations leading to several amino polyol derivatives. Complete deprotection of both diastereomers without cleavage of the N–O bond led to the novel polyhydroxylated tetrahydro‐2H‐1,2‐oxazines 3 and epi‐3. By change of the deprotection conditions the open‐chain amino polyol 4 with D‐iditol configuration became accessible. In an alternative sequence 5‐hydroxy‐1,2‐oxazines were utilised to synthesise imino sugars (polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines). Samarium diiodide induced cleavage of the 1,2‐oxazine N–O bond furnished 1,4‐amino alcohols, which were cyclised to give the corresponding pyrrolidine derivatives after activation by mesyl chloride. This sequence either led to a 3‐methoxy‐substituted trihydroxylated pyrrolidine derivative or to the related fully deprotected compound.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Propargyl Esters with Vinyl Derivatives
Authors: Sperger Christian A. , Tungen Jørn E. , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: May 2011

A gold‐catalyzed olefin cyclopropanation reaction of propargyl esters with vinyl ester or vinyl sulfonamide derivatives was investigated for the synthesis of highly substituted cyclopropane derivatives in good diastereoselectivity. By varying the vinyl species, trans‐cyclopentenyl esters were selectively formed by a formal [3+2] cycloaddition.
Microwave‐Promoted Palladium‐Catalysed Oxyarylation of Dihydronaphthalene and Chromenes by o‐Iodophenols and Its Acetates
Authors: Leão Raquel A. C. , Pinho Vagner D. , Coelho Artur S. , Buarque Camilla D. , Moraes Paula F. , Alonso Diego A. , Nájera Carmen , Costa Paulo R. R.
Published: May 2011

The oxyarylation of dihydronaphthalene (1a), two electron‐rich (1b,c) and one electron‐poor (2) chromenes with different o‐iodophenols and their acetates 3a–h has been investigated by using either Pd(OAc)2 (10 mol‐%) as precatalyst and Ag2CO3 as base in acetone as solvent or oxime palladacycle 5 as precatalyst and dicyclohexylamine as base in DMA/H2O. The reactions, which were strongly accelerated under microwave heating, afforded the best yields when electron‐rich chromenes reacted with o‐iodophenols substituted by electron‐withdrawing groups in the presence Pd(OAc)2 and Ag2CO3. However, in the case of electron‐poor chromenes the best yield was obtained with the electron‐rich o‐iodophenol 3g.
Talking about visually perceived events: Communication effects on eyewitness memory
Authors: Hellmann Jens H. , Echterhoff Gerald , Kopietz René , Niemeier Sarah , Memon Amina
Published: May 2011

Communicators' tuning of a message about a social target to their audience's evaluation can shape their representation of the target. This audience‐tuning effect has been demonstrated with ambiguous text passages as input material. We examined whether the effect also occurs when communicators learn about the target's behaviours from visual (nonverbal) input material. In Experiment 1, participants watched a soundless video depicting ambiguous behaviours of a target, described the video to an audience who liked (vs. disliked) the target, and subsequently recalled the video. Both message and recall were biased towards the audience's judgement. In Experiment 2, the video depicted a forensically relevant event, specifically ambiguous behaviours of two persons involved in a bar brawl. Participants tuned their event retellings to their audience's responsibility judgement and remembered the event accordingly. In both experiments, the effect of the audience's judgement on recall was statistically mediated by the extent to which the message was tuned to the audience. The more participants experienced a shared reality with their audience the stronger was the message‐recall correlation (Experiment 2). We conclude that the audience‐tuning effect for visually perceived information depends on the communicators' creation of a shared reality with their audience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive and Selective Detection of Dopamine Using a DNA Immobilized Ethylenedidamine/Polyglutamic Modified Electrode
Authors: Zou Lina , Luo Peili , Li Yamin , Zhang Shusheng , Ye Baoxian
Published: May 2011

DNA was attached on the surface of an ethylenedidamine/polyglutamic(En/PGA) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to create a novel voltammetric sensor (DNA/En/PGA/GCE) for dopamine (DA). This modified electrode exhibited a linear voltammetric response for DA in the range from 1.0×10−7 mol L−1 to 1×10−5 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 2×10−8 mol L−1. The detection of DA was found to be unaffected by the presence of ascorbic acid, uric acid, serotonin and folic acid. The method proposed was applied to detect DA in pharmaceutical dosage and human blood serum with good satisfactory results.