bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights on dynamic structural characteristics responsible for catalysis efficiency of protein disulfide isomerase through substrate interaction studies
Authors: Kumaran Selvapriya , sanyasi Chandrasekar , Muthuvel Suresh Kumar
Published: November 2024

Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) dynamic behaviour upon substrate interaction is discussed for structural characteristics investigation. Two different Peptide substrates hydrophobicity and disulfide interaction are chosen. The molecular docking is done by Discovery Studios 3.1 and HADDOCK v2.2, followed by molecular dynamics studies done by GROMACS 5.0.5 (AMBER force filed), and finally, protein domain motion is analysed by DynDom, which gives detailed insights on possible conformation changes in PDI while encountering a substrate. The analysis of obtained points out that, each peptide substrate displayed a unique set of interaction patterns and secondary structural elements fluctuations in PDI. Substrate binding made the C-terminal half of the molecule (b’ and a’ domain) rigid and the N-terminal half (b and a domain) flexible. PDI-Peptide complexes provide key insights into PDI with substrate interaction. b’ domain makes adjustments to the original conformation for stable PDI-Substrate complexes. This triggers disarray in the conformation of the entire protein. The results exposed the structural mechanism through which the reduced form of PDI undergoes metamorphosis into oxidized form by connecting two renowned crystal structures.
Mechanism of the Warburg effect and its role in breast cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Saheed Emmanuel Saviour , Aromolaran Remilekun Florence , Atoyebi Abisola Deborah , Adeleke Fehintoluwa Celestina , Otuyalo Adewunmi Ifeoluwa , Edozie Princewill Kingsley
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern affecting millions of women annually. An essential aspect of this disease is the Warburg effect, which is a metabolic characteristic exhibited in cancer cells. It involves an elevated uptake of glucose and the diversion of glycolytic intermediates toward alternative pathways that facilitate anabolic activities. This distinctive metabolic change sustains rapid cell division and survival, establishing a conducive environment for tumor expansion and spread, altering the tumor microenvironment, fostering immune evasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to treatments. Studying the Warburg effect presents a promising opportunity in the fight against breast cancer. Exploring the relationship between the Warburg effect and immune responses is a promising prospect for immunotherapy, to reinstate the body's inherent capacity to combat cancer. The Warburg effect has provided valuable insights into the management of nonaggressive breast cancer subtypes. This review examines the complex mechanisms of the Warburg effect and its impact on breast cancer treatment. This review discusses innovative strategies to suppress this effect to improve the management and fight against this destructive disease.
Aegeomania
Authors: Momigliano Nicoletta
Published: November 2024

This Element provides an overview of Aegeomania: the fascination, sometimes bordering on the obsession, with the Aegean Bronze Age, which manifests itself in the uses of Aegean Bronze Age material culture to create something new in literature, the visual and performing arts, and many other cultural practices.  It discusses the role that Aegeomania can play in our understanding of the Aegean Bronze Age and illustrates this with examples from the 1870s to the present, which include, among many others, poems by Emma Lazarus, Salvatore Quasimodo, and Giorgos Seferis; novels by Kristmann Gudmundsson, Mary Renault, Don DeLillo, Zeruya Shalev, and Sally Rooney; Freudian psychoanalysis; sculptures by Henry Moore and Pablo Picasso; music by Harrison Birtwistle and the rock band Giant Squid; films by Robert Wise and Wolfang Petersen; elegant textiles and garments created by Josef Frank and Karl Lagerfeld. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
“In Pursuit of Reform”
Authors: Mayeur-Jaouen Catherine
Published: November 2024

The religious and intellectual history of early modern and modern Islam is often reduced to a teleological and Arabo-centric narrative, in which modernity began with Napoleon’s Egyptian Expedition or the Nahḍa, the Arab Renaissance. Within this narrative, the succession of Sufism, Islamic reformism, Islamism, and Salafism is seen as a “genealogy of Islamism.” Using a regressive history approach, and presenting the currents of international historiography on Islam between the fifteenth and the twenty-first century, this article seeks in contrast to illuminate the plurality of possible pathways and the heterogeneous nature of historical moments. Moving backward through time, it attempts to identify ruptures and continuities, and to highlight successive interpretations of medieval authors and concepts (such as salafiyya). In so doing, it endeavors to demonstrate the constructed nature of the received historiographical narrative of late nineteenth-century “Islamic reformism,” as well as that of “Arabic thought in the liberal age.” Historiographical debates on the “neo-Sufism” and Aufklärung of the eighteenth century have led to a better understanding of Islam in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, a thirst for renewal (tajdīd) flourished in hadith, Islamic law, and Sufism. Recent research on the process of “confessionalization” over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has highlighted the importance of political factors in developments of Islam during the age of the three Empires (Mughal, Safavid, and Ottoman).
Avoiding Moral Commitment
Authors: TUCKER MILES
Published: November 2024

I argue that relaxed moral realists are not ontologically committed to moral properties. Regardless of whether we tie ontological commitment to quantification, entailment, or truthmaking, if moral properties are not explanatory (as relaxed realists claim), then moral truths do not require moral properties. This permits a nominalist form of relaxed realism that is both simpler and more ecumenical than extant formulations. The possibility of such a position places pressure on the ontology of competing views—and helps focus attention on the critical and underexplored explanatory element of the relaxed realist’s program.
Antibiogram pattern of Enterococcus species among urinary tract-infected patients visiting tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India
Authors: Bhat Sujatha , Gunawardana Dushan Uvindu , Boparai Delisha Kaur , Bamunusinghe Tharinya Kasundie , Krishanth Kavin , Premakrishna Aarabi , Narasimhaswamy Nagalakshmi
Published: November 2024

Background:

During the past several decades, enterococci are emerging as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections. They have developed resistance to various antimicrobials previously used for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Enterococcus species among urinary tract-infected patients in a tertiary care hospital, in Karnataka, India.

Material and Methods:

We have analyzed 4341 culture-positive urine samples received by microbiology laboratory during the year 2021. The bacterial identification was done by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The antibiotic sensitivity was tested by automated VITEK-2® COMPACT (bioMérieux) system.

Results:

Among 4341 culture-positive samples, Enterococcal species were isolated from 159 samples. A total of 64.7% of the isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and 28.3% of the strains as Enterococcus faecium. All the enterococci were sensitive to linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin, whereas 59.1%, 30.9%, and 23.3% of the strains exhibited resistance to high-level gentamicin, benzylpenicillin, and nitrofurantoin, respectively. 33.67 % of the isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains as they exhibited resistance to high-level gentamicin, benzylpenicillin, and nitrofurantoin.

Conclusion:

Our study shows the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococcal strains. The MDR pattern of enterococci requires careful consideration of antimicrobial therapy to treat UTIs. The reserved drugs such as linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin should be cautiously used for the treatment of enterococcal UTI.
Clinical decision support in the electronic health record: a primer for antimicrobial stewards and infection preventionists: work smarter so end users don’t work harder
Authors: Smith Mary Rochelle , Lee Julie J. , Holubar Marisa , Salinas Jorge L. , Sampson Mindy M. , Medford Richard J. , Chang Amy
Published: November 2024

Objective:

Computerized clinical decision support (CDS) assists healthcare professionals in making decisions to improve patient care. In the realms of antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) and infection prevention (IP) programs, CDS interventions can play a crucial role in optimizing antibiotic prescribing practices, reducing healthcare-associated infections, and promoting diagnostic stewardship when optimally designed. This primer article aims to provide ASP and IP professionals with a practical framework for the development, design, and evaluation of CDS interventions.

Setting:

Large academic medical center design: Established frameworks of CDS evaluation, “Five Rights” of CDS and the “Ten Commandments of Effective Clinical Decision Support”, were applied to two real-world examples of CDS tools, a Vancomycin Best Practice Advisory and a Clostridioides Difficile order panel, to demonstrate a structured approach to developing and enhancing the functionality of ASP/IP CDS interventions to promote efficacy and reduce unintended consequences of CDS.

Conclusions:

By outlining a structured approach for the development and evaluation of CDS interventions, with focus on end user engagement, efficiency and feasibility, ASP and IP professionals can leverage CDS to enhance IP/ASP quality improvement initiatives aimed to improve antibiotic utilization, diagnostic stewardship, and adherence to IP protocols.
Healthcare-associated viral respiratory infections at a Canadian tertiary pediatric hospital: a seven-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Silverberg Sarah L , Clarke Megan , Streitenberger Laurie , Brown Kevin , Campigotto Aaron , Science Michelle
Published: November 2024

Healthcare-associated viral respiratory infections (HA-VRIs) in a pediatric hospital decreased from 1.44 per 1000 patient days in 2019–0.43 and 0.38 in 2020–2021 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic but increased to 1.35 in 2022. The increase in HA-VRIs in 2022 coincided with the rise in community circulation of these organisms.
Creating a plasma coordination center to support COVID-19 outpatient trials across a national network of hospital blood banks
Authors: Yarava Anusha , Marshall Christi , Reichert David E. , Ye Aaron , Khanal Preeti , Robbins Sanford H. , Sachais Bruce S. , Oh David , Metcalf Ryan A. , Conry-Cantilena Kathleen , King Karen , Reyes Meredith , Adamski Jill , Marques Marisa B. , Tran Minh-Ha , Allen Elizabeth S. , Pach Daniel , Blumberg Neil , Hobbs Rhonda , Nash Tammon , Shenoy Aarthi G. , Mosnaim Giselle S. , Fukuta Yuriko , Patel Bela , Heath Sonya L. , Levine Adam C. , Meisenberg Barry R. , Anjan Shweta , Huaman Moises A. , Blair Janis E. , Currier Judith S. , Paxton James H. , Rausch William , Oei Kevin , Abinante Matthew , Forthal Donald N. , Zand Martin S. , Kassaye Seble G. , Cachay Edward R. , Gebo Kelly A. , Shoham Shmuel , Casadevall Arturo , McBee Nichol A. , Amirault Daniel , Wang Ying , Hopkins Erica , Shade David M. , Layendecker Oliver , Klein Sabra L. , Park Han-Sol , Lee John S. , Caturegli Patrizio , Raval Jay S. , Cruser Daniel , Ziman Alyssa F. , Gerber Jonathan , Gniadek Thomas J. , Bloch Evan M. , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Hanley Daniel F. , Sullivan David J. , Lane Karen ,   the CSSC (COVID 19 Serologic Studies Consortium) group
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we rapidly implemented a plasma coordination center, within two months, to support transfusion for two outpatient randomized controlled trials. The center design was based on an investigational drug services model and a Food and Drug Administration-compliant database to manage blood product inventory and trial safety.

Methods:

A core investigational team adapted a cloud-based platform to randomize patient assignments and track inventory distribution of control plasma and high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma of different blood groups from 29 donor collection centers directly to blood banks serving 26 transfusion sites.

Results:

We performed 1,351 transfusions in 16 months. The transparency of the digital inventory at each site was critical to facilitate qualification, randomization, and overnight shipments of blood group-compatible plasma for transfusions into trial participants. While inventory challenges were heightened with COVID-19 convalescent plasma, the cloud-based system, and the flexible approach of the plasma coordination center staff across the blood bank network enabled decentralized procurement and distribution of investigational products to maintain inventory thresholds and overcome local supply chain restraints at the sites.

Conclusion:

The rapid creation of a plasma coordination center for outpatient transfusions is infrequent in the academic setting. Distributing more than 3,100 plasma units to blood banks charged with managing investigational inventory across the U.S. in a decentralized manner posed operational and regulatory challenges while providing opportunities for the plasma coordination center to contribute to research of global importance. This program can serve as a template in subsequent public health emergencies.
Who Plays an Important Role for Information Networks of COVID-19 in Latin America?
Authors: Yum Seungil
Published: November 2024

This study highlights key players for COVID-19 in Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador by employing social network analysis for Twitter. This study finds that key players in Latin America play various roles in COVID-19 social networks, differing from country to country. For example, Brazil has no Latin key players, whereas Colombia and Ecuador have 8 Latin key players in the top 10 key players. Secondly, the role of governmental key players also varies across different countries. For instance, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador have the governmental key player as the top key player, whereas Brazil and Colombia have the news media key player as the first. Thirdly, each country shows different social networks according to groups. For instance, Colombia exhibits the most open social networks among groups, whereas Brazil shows the most closed social networks among the 6 Latin countries. Fourthly, several top tweeters are common across the 6 Latin American countries. For example, Peru and Colombia have caraotadigital (Venezuelan news media), and Chile and Argentina have extravzla (Venezuelan news media) as the top tweeter.
Religion, identity, and party preference: the role of Catholicism in the 2022 Italian national elections
Authors: Piacentini Francesco , Molteni Francesco , Maraffi Marco
Published: November 2024

This paper contributes to the debate on the role of religiosity in party competition in democratic political systems by analyzing the role of religious practice and belonging in the 2022 Italian elections. By using the newest Italian National Election Studies dataset, we combine indicators of both religious affiliation and practice to show how the electorates of the main Italian parties are composed in terms of voters' religiosity, to highlight how these differences influence the probability to vote for each of those parties and to further investigate the relationship between religious affiliation/practice and voting behavior. Results show the emergence of an increasingly identity-based relationship between religiosity and vote within the Italian context. We find that religiosity – in the form of Catholic affiliation – maintains a direct effect on vote choice which is also partially mediated by attitudinal indicators, such as those toward immigration, homosexuality, and abortion. We conclude that party competition in Italy is mainly fueled by identity dynamics – and less on religious practice or beliefs – concerning the whole group of those who identify as Catholics opposed to the group of those who do not.
Multiscale understanding of structural effect on explosive dispersal of granular media
Authors: Miao Lvlan , Li Jiarui , Xue Kun
Published: November 2024

Explosive dispersal of granular media widely occurs in nature across various length scales, enabling engineering applications ranging from commercial or military explosive systems to the loss prevention industry. However, the correlation between the explosive dispersal behaviour and the structure of dispersal system is far from completely understood, thereby compromising the prediction of the explosive dispersal outcome resulting from a specific dispersal system. Here, we investigate the dispersal behaviours of densely packed particle rings driven by the enclosed pressurized gases using coarse-grained computational fluid dynamics–discrete parcel method. Distinct dispersal modes emerge from the dispersal systems with vastly varying sets of the macro- and micro-scale structural parameters in terms of the dispersal completeness and the spatial uniformity of the dispersed mass. Further investigation reveals the variation in the dispersal modes arises from the collective effects of multiscale gas–particle coupling relationships. Specifically, the macroscale coupling dictates the cyclic momentum/energy transfer between gases and particle ring as an entirety. The mesoscale coupling relates to the inter-pore gas filtration through the thickness of the particle ring, leading to the mass/energy reduction of the explosive source. The microscale coupling involves the individual particle dynamics influenced by the local flow parameters. A persistent macroscale coupling results in an incomplete dispersal which takes the form of an aggregated annular band, whereas the meso- and micro-scale couplings alter the macroscale coupling to a different extent. By incorporating the effects of the variety of structural parameters on the multiscale gas–particle coupling relationships, a non-dimensional parameter referred to as the modified mass ratio is constructed, which shows an explicit correlation with the dispersal mode. We proceed to establish a dispersal ring model in the continuum frame which accounts for the macro and meso-scale coupling effects. This model proves to be capable of successfully predicting the ideal and validated failed dispersal modes.
The global properties of nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layers
Authors: Shen Zhouxing , Liu Luoqin , Lu Xiyun , Stevens Richard J.A.M.
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of the global properties of wall-bounded turbulence holds significant importance for both fundamental research and engineering applications. In atmospheric boundary layers, the relationship between friction drag and geostrophic wind is described by the geostrophic drag law (GDL). We use carefully designed large-eddy simulations to study nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layers (NSBLs), which are characterized by a negative potential temperature flux at the surface and neutral stratification higher up. Our simulations explore a wider range of the Kazanski–Monin parameter,

$\mu = L_f / L_s = [16.7, 193.3]$

, with

$L_f$

the Ekman length scale and

$L_s$

the surface Obukhov length. We show collapse of the GDL coefficients onto single curves as functions of

$\mu$

, thereby validating the GDL's applicability to NSBLs over a very wide

$\mu$

range. We show that the boundary-layer height

$h$

scales with

$\sqrt {L_f L_s}$

, while both the streamwise and spanwise wind gradients scale with

$u_*^2 / (h^2 f)$

, where

$u_*$

represents the friction velocity and

$f$

the Coriolis parameter. Leveraging these insights, we developed new analytical expressions for the GDL coefficients, significantly enhancing our understanding of the GDL for turbulent boundary layers. These formulations facilitate the analytical prediction of the geostrophic drag coefficient and cross-isobaric angle.
Identification of a Terminal Classic Maya Fine Ware Production Center in the Upper Usumacinta River Drainage, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Schroder Whittaker , Jiménez Álvarez Socorro del Pilar , Macedo Córdova Brenda Fernanda , Avilés Arjona Ariadna Naomi , Lara Bolaños Guillermo , Ramiro Talavera Moisés Yerath , Godos González Fernando
Published: November 2024

The archaeological study of craft production investigates the role of household activities in broader social and political networks. In the Maya area, the production and distribution of ceramics, especially prestige ceramics including polychrome and fine ware pottery, relate to broader transformations in Maya society from the Classic to Terminal Classic periods. However, direct evidence for ceramic production in the form of kilns, workshops, or associated detritus can be elusive. We report the identification, excavation, and preliminary analysis of a large deposit of fine paste ceramics, including sherds representative of the Fine Orange and Fine Gray wares in the type-variety system of Maya ceramics, from a household group at the archaeological site of Benemérito de las Américas Primera Sección, located near the confluence of the Lacantún and Usumacinta Rivers. Discarded ceramics from this context exhibit several signs of overfiring consistent with pottery production. This deposit challenges notions of functional versus symbolic activity, as the members of this household used this deposit to dedicate a group of three burials accompanied by offerings including a figurine ensemble. We discuss the implications for this deposit in the context of economic shifts taking place across the Maya Lowlands during this period.
Balancing the scales: Including under-represented herptile species in a One Health approach
Authors: Hopkins Camille , Lesbarrères David , Claunch Natalie , Emmenegger Eveline , Hardy Bennett , Torres-Sánchez María , Stark Tariq , Julian Angela , McGrath-Blaser Sarah , Parker-Graham Christine A. , Haman Katie , Morgan Ashley , Miller Debra L.
Published: November 2024

The One Health High-Level Expert Panel’s definition of One Health includes optimizing the health of people, animals (wild and domestic) and ecosystems. For many One Health practitioners, wildlife that can spread zoonoses are the focus, particularly if they can come in contact with people. However, ecosystem health is often best-indicated by less-encountered species, for instance, amphibians and reptiles. This review highlights how these taxa can benefit human health and well-being, including cultural significance, as well as their impact on plant, animal and environmental health. We highlight current challenges to the health of these species and the need to include them in the One Health Joint Action Plan. We conclude with a call to action for inclusion of amphibians and reptiles in a One Health approach.
At the same age, metallicity, and alpha-enhancement, sodium is a more effective tracer of the young and old sequences of the Milky Way disc
Authors: Owusu Evans Kojo , Buder Sven , Ruiter Ashley J. , Seitenzahl Ivo Rolf , Rodriguez-Segovia Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Trends in elemental enrichment with stellar age can give us a powerful avenue to identify thus far unexplained origin sites of the elements. We investigate stellar abundance trends using the GALAH DR3 high-resolution spectroscopic dataset of 6 234 solar-type stars. Our study explores the elemental abundance [X/Fe] of sodium (Na) with stellar age. We find a pronounced enrichment in [Na/Fe] at super solar metallicity (i.e. [Fe/H]

$ \gt \,0$

) in the old sequence of Milky Way disc stars, a trend demanding a deeper understanding of the underlying source(s) responsible for the nucleosynthesis. This progressive [Na/Fe] enrichment at the young end of the old sequence has essential implications for Galactic archaeology. In this work, we propose a novel selection technique for separating the Milky Way’s thick and thin disc stellar populations (i.e. old and young sequences) based on the observed [Na/Fe] rise of

$\sim$

0.1 dex for stars around 5–8 Gyr old. We also compare our selection method to the conventional [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] selection approach, and we find that our new Na-based selection method better disentangles the overlap between young- and old-sequence disc stars at these intermediate ages. This is especially true at super solar [Fe/H], where the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] or [

$\alpha$

/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] separation approaches exhibit significant overlap. This new selection method should help us better understand the history of the formation of the Milky Way disc.
Proxies and partial connections in an anthropologist's archive
Authors: Arzyutov Dmitry V. , Anderson David G.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the role of primary ethnographic materials – of field notes, letters and photographs – and even of the shelves and bookcases – in building accounts of the human condition. We trace the lives of incomplete and not-yet-found manuscripts, which have been treated as representative of whole archives, as well as closely held convictions and ideas in the history of anthropology. In so doing, we employ the notion of a ‘proxy’, or a set of signs and images which point the audience in particular directions, without determining their overall destination. Our research is based on a few episodes from the histories of paper and digital copies of manuscripts and photographs of the anthropological couple Sergei and Elizabeth Shirokogoroff, who conducted ethnographic, linguistic and some archaeological research, first on the borderlands between China and Russia, and then later within China. We aim to show the complexity and social and intellectual vibrancy of their ethnographic field archives, which have been scattered across countries, institutions and personal collections. We conclude by suggesting that engaging anthropologically with field archives enables us to approach existing perspectives on archives in a new way, viewing them not as containers of catalogued information, but as entanglements reflecting social relations in local communities, the trajectories of ethnographers, and the aspirations of scholars asking questions today.
The effect of folate deficiency and different doses of folic acid supplementation on liver diseases
Authors: Ma Huan , Liu Hui , Yang Yu-ting , Han Mei , Jiang Chun-meng
Published: November 2024

The liver has multiple functions such as detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage. Folate is a water-soluble vitamin B9, which participates in one-carbon transfer reactions, maintains methylation capacity and improves oxidative stress. Folic acid is a synthetic form commonly used as a dietary supplement. The liver is the main organ for storing and metabolising folate/folic acid, and the role of folate/folic acid in liver diseases has been widely studied. Deficiency of folate results in methylation capacity dysfunction and can induce liver disorders. However, adverse effects of excessive use of folic acid on the liver have also been reported. This review aims to explore the mechanism of folate/folic acid in different liver diseases, promote further research on folate/folic acid and contribute to its rational clinical application.
Reforming Ethiopian Bilateral Investment Treaties in Line with Domestic Development Policies: Challenges, Prospects and Simplified Reform Options
Authors: Mekonnen Seid Demeke , Asmelash Henok
Published: November 2024

This article examines the alignment of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with domestic development policies. The analysis reveals the presence of considerable disparity between Ethiopian BITs and the country's domestic development policies and the importance of ensuring consistency between the two. The potential options to resolve this disparity can be combined on a case-by-case basis, depending on different challenges, such as bargaining power, political commitment, procedural requirements and resistance from other treaty partners. The changing dynamics of global politics and the growing backlash against BITs have created a conducive environment for such reform.
Anaemia during pregnancy: could riboflavin deficiency be implicated?
Authors: Duffy Bethany , McNulty Helene , Ward Mary , Pentieva Kristina
Published: November 2024

Anaemia affects more than 36 % of all pregnancies globally and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is widely recognised as the most common nutritional cause of anaemia but other nutrient deficiencies are also implicated, including the B vitamin riboflavin, albeit its role is largely under-investigated and thus typically overlooked. Riboflavin, in its co-factor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), is required for numerous oxidation-reduction reactions, antioxidant function and in the metabolism of other B vitamins and iron. While clinical deficiency of riboflavin is largely confined to low-income countries, sub-clinical (functional) deficiency is much more widespread, including in high-income countries, and is particularly common among women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. Limited observational evidence from high-income populations suggests that suboptimal riboflavin status contributes to an increased risk of anaemia. Furthermore, randomised controlled trials in pregnant women from low- and middle-income countries have demonstrated beneficial effects of riboflavin on haematological status and anaemia. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the contribution of riboflavin deficiency to anaemia, with the strongest evidence pointing to an adverse effect on iron metabolism, given that riboflavin co-factors are required for the release of iron from storage ferritin in the production of red blood cells. Overall, this review investigates riboflavin intakes and status during pregnancy in different populations and evaluates the available evidence for the under-recognised role of riboflavin in the maintenance of haemoglobin concentrations together with its potential to protect against the development of anaemia during pregnancy.
From Dzongkha to English
Authors: Singay
Published: November 2024

In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the linguistic landscape (LL) study of shop names, street signs, and signboards. However, the LL study of shop names has yet to be studied in Bhutan. More specifically, there is a need to evaluate the relationship between LL and language policy, and signage guideline practices in the shop names. To fill this gap, this study set out to examine the LL of shop names in the main street (Nordzin Lam) of Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan. A quantitative approach was employed to collect photographs of the shop names displayed in front and conspicuous areas. The findings indicate that English is prevalent in all the shop names irrespective of monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual shop signs. In addition, Dzongkha has a high presence in the bilingual signs, but English is the most preferred language of the shop signs. However, there is an inconsistency in the font size and layout of the shop signs. In terms of code preference, shop owners prefer Dzongkha above other languages and are aligned vertically. Taken together, the findings presented in this study add to our understanding of how shop signs adhere to signage guidelines and language policies. Policy implications for the effective implementation of signage guidelines and relevant language policies are discussed.
Geochemical characterization of humic acids and humification processes in lake sediments of West Antarctica
Authors: Guzeva Alina V.
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on geochemical research into humic acids and humification processes in lakes of West Antarctica, specifically King George Island and Marie Byrd Land. Humic acids were extracted from recent sediments of Antarctic lakes and analysed using high-precision laboratory methods. The experiments included examining the elemental composition and molecular structure of the humic acids. The results show that the organic matter in sediments of the studied lakes has undergone complete humification processes. However, the molecular structure of humic acids is characterized by a predominance of aliphatic fragments and a significant amount of polysaccharides, which is typical of humic substances in the cold climates of Arctic and Antarctic regions. Thus, the humic substances of Antarctic lakes were found to have a very low degree of maturity and were non-resistant to mineralization. These findings are valuable for understanding the full chain of organic matter transformation processes in Antarctic ecosystems and the global carbon cycle on Earth.
Simplifying Complex Figure scoring: Data from the Emory Healthy Brain Study and initial clinical validation
Authors: Loring David W. , Simama Najé , Sanders Katherine , Saurman Jessica R. , Zhao Liping , Lah James J. , Goldstein Felicia C.
Published: November 2024

Objective:

To introduce the Emory 10-element Complex Figure (CF) scoring system and recognition task. We evaluated the relationship between Emory CF scoring and traditional Osterrieth CF scoring approach in cognitively healthy volunteers. Additionally, a cohort of patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) evaluation was assessed to compare the scoring methods in a clinical population.

Method:

The study included 315 volunteers from the Emory Healthy Brain Study (EHBS) with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of 24/30 or higher. The clinical group consisted of 84 DBS candidates. Scoring time differences were analyzed in a subset of 48 DBS candidates.

Results:

High correlations between scoring methods were present for non-recognition components in both cohorts (EHBS: Copy r = 0.76, Immediate r = 0.86, Delayed r = 0.85, Recognition r = 47; DBS: Copy r = 0.80, Immediate r = 0.84, Delayed Recall r = 0.85, Recognition r = 0.37). Emory CF scoring times were significantly shorter than Osterrieth times across non-recognition conditions (all p < 0.00001, individual Cohen’s d: 1.4–2.4), resulting in an average time savings of 57%. DBS patients scored lower than EHBS participants across CF memory measures, with larger effect sizes for Emory CF scoring (Cohen’s d range = 1.0–1.2). Emory CF scoring demonstrated better group classification in logistic regression models, improving DBS candidate classification from 16.7% to 32.1% compared to Osterrieth scoring.

Conclusions:

Emory CF scoring yields results that are highly correlated with traditional Osterrieth scoring, significantly reduces scoring time burden, and demonstrates greater sensitivity to memory decline in DBS candidates. Its efficiency and sensitivity make Emory CF scoring well-suited for broader implementation in clinical research.
The Same Storm, but Different Boats: Unpicking the ‘Housing Crisis’
Authors: Iafrati Steve
Published: November 2024

This state-of-the-art paper begins to unpack the concept of a housing crisis. Whilst it may be a useful starting point in recognising the presence of problems within UK housing provision and allocation, its generic and umbrella coverage papers over the diversity of experiences. Similarly, as a concept it neither suggests the causes of the crisis nor possible solutions. With this in mind, this paper explores commodification within housing and uses this to recognise that our relationship to housing and our relationship to the crisis, can be shaped by our relationship to capital. However, the paper takes this further by arguing that the presence of vulnerability should also be borne in mind when considering commodification, where vulnerability includes experiences of discrimination, mental health, and legal status.
Distill knowledge of additive tree models into generalized linear models: a new learning approach for non-smooth generalized additive models
Authors: Maillart Arthur , Robert Christian
Published: November 2024

Generalized additive models (GAMs) are a leading model class for interpretable machine learning. GAMs were originally defined with smooth shape functions of the predictor variables and trained using smoothing splines. Recently, tree-based GAMs where shape functions are gradient-boosted ensembles of bagged trees were proposed, leaving the door open for the estimation of a broader class of shape functions (e.g. Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM)). In this paper, we introduce a competing three-step GAM learning approach where we combine (i) the knowledge of the way to split the covariates space brought by an additive tree model (ATM), (ii) an ensemble of predictive linear scores derived from generalized linear models (GLMs) using a binning strategy based on the ATM, and (iii) a final GLM to have a prediction model that ensures auto-calibration. Numerical experiments illustrate the competitive performances of our approach on several datasets compared to GAM with splines, EBM, or GLM with binarsity penalization. A case study in trade credit insurance is also provided.
Multilayer substrate integrated waveguide six-port junctions with embedded resistive films
Authors: Tegowski Bartosz , Koelpin Alexander
Published: November 2024

This article deals with multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) six-port junctions with embedded carbon resistive films. SIW six-ports usually employ reactive power dividers, which degrade the amplitude and phase balance when the six-port is terminated with mismatched power detectors. The associated impairments are studied and two SIW six-port junctions with improved isolation and output matching are designed for K-/Ka-band applications to overcome these limitations. The proposed designs differ with respect to the configuration of the output ports making the underlying six-port topology applicable for different layout requirements. Measurements of the fabricated components validate the concept. The six-ports are compact, fully shielded and can be integrated in multilayer printed circuit boards.
Large‐Amplitude Inertia Gravity Waves Over Syowa Station: Comparison of PANSY Radar and ERA5 Reanalysis Data
Authors: Yoshida L. , Tomikawa Y. , Ejiri M. K. , Tsutsumi M. , Kohma M. , Sato K.
Published: November 2024

We examined large‐amplitude inertia gravity waves (GWs) over Syowa Station, Antarctica using the PANSY (Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS) radar data and the latest reanalysis (ECMWF reanalysis v5; ERA5) from October 2015 to September 2016. Focusing on large‐amplitude events with large absolute momentum flux (AMF), hodograph analysis was applied to both data to estimate the wave parameters. It showed that the inertia GWs with a downward phase velocity becomes dominant in the stratosphere. Although their vertical wavelengths got shorter with altitude, their intrinsic periods and horizontal wavelengths got longer with altitude. In addition, their southward propagation was predominant in the stratosphere. Although height dependence of the estimated wave parameters is consistent with previous studies investigating inertia GWs over Syowa Station, some features specific to large‐amplitude inertia GWs were also observed. The GW features obtained from PANSY were mostly consistent with those from ERA5 except for their amplitudes. Comparison of AMF between PANSY and ERA5 indicated that ERA5 significantly underestimated the AMF by a factor of 5 between 5 and 12.5 km altitudes and more above 12.5 km. Difference of horizontal and vertical wind power spectra between PANSY and ERA5 is quantitatively consistent with the difference of AMF and its height dependence. It was found that underestimation of vertical wind spectra primarily contributed to the underestimation of AMF in ERA5. The greater underestimation of AMF in the stratosphere might be due to larger vertical grid spacing in ERA5 and the shorter vertical wavelengths of the dominant GWs in the stratosphere.
Flipping Ship FLIP Freed from Fateful Trip
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: November 2024

A beloved research vessel will have a second career after an underwater technology company saved it from the scrapyard.
Monitoring Salt Domes Used for Energy Storage With Microseismicity: Insights for a Carbon‐Neutral Future
Authors: Omojola Joses , Persaud Patricia
Published: November 2024

Underground storage in geologic formations will play a key role in the energy transition by providing low‐cost storage of renewable fuels such as hydrogen. The sealing qualities of caverns leached in salt and availability of domal salt bodies make them ideal for energy storage. However, unstable boundary shear zones of anomalous friable salt can enhance internal shearing and pose a structural hazard to storage operations. Considering the indistinct nature of internal salt heterogeneities when imaged with conventional techniques such as reflection seismic surveys, we develop a method to map shear zones using seismicity patterns in the US Gulf Coast, the region with the world's largest underground crude oil emergency supply. We developed and finetuned a machine learning algorithm using tectonic and local microearthquakes. The finetuned model was applied to detect microearthquakes in a 12‐month long nodal seismic dataset from the Sorrento salt dome. Clustered microearthquake locations reveal the three‐dimensional geometry of two anomalous salt shear zones and their orientations were determined using probabilistic hypocenter imaging. The seismicity pattern, combined with borehole pressure measurements, and cavern sonar surveys, shows the spatiotemporal evolution of cavern shapes within the salt dome. We describe how shear zone seismicity contributed to a cavern well failure and gas release incident that occurred during monitoring. Our findings show that caverns placed close to shear zones are more susceptible to structural damage. We propose a non‐invasive technique for mapping hazards related to internal salt dome deformation that can be employed in high‐noise industrial settings to characterize storage facilities.
Locally Formed Thin Supercooled Liquid Stratiform Clouds on Mid‐Level Moisture Advection Layers as Observed by Ground‐Based Lidars, Radar, and Radiosondes at a Subtropical Site
Authors: Yi Yang , Yi Fan , Huang Kaiming , Liu Fuchao , Zhang Yunpeng , Yu Changming , He Yun , Yin Zhenping
Published: November 2024

The local formation characteristics of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds on mid‐level moisture advection layers have been revealed by the ∼2‐year observations from routinely operating ground‐based water vapor Raman Lidar, polarization Lidar, cloud radar, and conventional radiosondes at a subtropical site. These moisture advection layers were commonly observed during all seasons over our subtropical site, whereas thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds occurred mainly in winter when the 0°C isotherm level occurred at lower altitudes. It was determined that these clouds mostly formed on the top of moisture advection layers capped by strong temperature inversions. The temperature‐moisture structure collocation (the layer's upper edge with modest/low water vapor mixing ratio of ∼2–5 g kg−1 occurred at the base of the temperature inversion) therein produced a narrow cool‐moist water saturation layer. This collocation with a temperature inversion but no moisture inversion was peculiar to the upper boundary of the moisture advection layers. A relative minority (∼33%) of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds formed on the bottom or middle part of the moisture advection layers, where a moisture inversion coincided with a temperature inversion. Within the corresponding water saturation layer, the relative humidity peaked at the top of the coincided moisture inversion and temperature inversion, indicating warm‐moist air mass advection. Two detailed case studies illustrated how shifts in the mesoscale meteorological environment pertinent to moisture advection layers determined the presence and absence of thin supercooled liquid cloud layers.
N-Acetylneuraminic acid triggers endothelial pyroptosis and promotes atherosclerosis progression via GLS2-mediated glutaminolysis pathway
Authors: Liu Zhaohong , Xiang Peng , Zeng Shengmei , Weng Ping , Wen Yilin , Zhang Wanping , Hu Hui , Zhao Dezhang , Ma Limei , Yu Chao
Published: November 2024

Vascular endothelial injury initiates atherosclerosis (AS) progression. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) metabolic disorder was found to intensify endothelial mitochondrial damage. And GLS2-associated glutaminolysis disorder contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, mechanisms underlying Neu5Ac-associated mitochondrial dysfunction as well as its association with GLS2 remains unclear. In this study, we constructed GLS2−/−ApoE−/− mice by using HBLV-GLS2 shRNA injection. And methods like immunofluorescence, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy were applied to detect profiles of endothelial injury and AS progression both in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that Neu5Ac accumulation increased GLS2 expression and promoted glutaminolysis disorder, which further induced endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction via a pyroptosis-dependent pathway in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, Neu5Ac interacted with SIRT3 and led to FOXO3a deacetylation and phosphorylation, further facilitated c-Myc antagonism and ultimately increased GLS2 levels. Inhibition of GLS2 could improve mitochondrial function and mitigate pyroptosis process. In addition, blocking Neu5Ac production using neuraminidases (NEUs) inhibitor could rescue endothelial damage and alleviate AS development in ApoE−/− mice. These findings proposed that Neu5Ac induced GLS2-mediated glutaminolysis disorder and then promoted mitochondrial dysfunction in a pyroptosis-dependent pathway. Targeting GLS2 or inhibiting Neu5Ac production could prevent AS progression.
Novel approaches to define responders to interventional treatment in hypertension: insights from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF and HTN-ON MED trials
Authors: Schmieder Roland E. , Hettrick Douglas A. , Böhm Michael , Kandzari David E. , Kario Kazuomi , Mahfoud Felix , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Weber Michael A. , Esler Murray D. , Townsend Raymond R.
Published: November 2024

Multiple sham-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated significant reductions in both office and 24-h blood pressure (BP) following radiofrequency renal denervation (RDN) in the uncontrolled hypertension population. Notably, the blood pressure response varies widely within individual participants, thus showing a clinical need to identify potential RDN “responders” prior to the procedure. Despite multiple analytic efforts, no single parameter, aside from baseline blood pressure, has been consistently associated with BP reduction following RDN. However, this failure may be due to limitations in empiric definitions of responders. Indeed, commonly applied responder definitions based on the difference between two point-in-time BP measurements are fraught due to visit-to-visit variability in office and 24-h blood pressure endpoints. Several factors should be considered to develop a more clinically useful operational definition of procedural response including relative changes in office and 24-h BP, consideration of the temporal response to RDN, as well as adjustment for baseline BP. The current evidence may provide incentives for future expert consensus to precisely define responders to hypertension treatments.