bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blended undervisning og metarefleksioner
Authors: Jensen Anne Winther , Nissen Jan Ohrt
Published: January 2020

Artiklen formidler erfaringer med at gennemføre et forløb for opkvalificering af e-læringsundervisere (blended undervisning) fra fire uddannelser på Professionshøjskolen Absalon. Forløbet var del af et tre-årigt udviklingsprojekt. Projektets teoretiske forankring var Design Based Research og pragmatisme, og forløbet for underviserne var derfor bygget op med henblik på både teoriudvikling og udvikling af undervisernes egne blendede forløb. En fællesdel i forløbet var derudover udvikling af en didaktisk ramme ift. blendede forløb, mens det for de deltagende underviser indebar udvikling af både e-didaktiske og teknologiske kompetencer. Erfaringerne fra forløbet peger på, dels det udbytterige i samtidigt at opkvalificere underviserne ift. e-didaktik og teknologi, dels at knytte udviklingsdelen tæt til undervisernes egen undervisningsvirkelighed. Derudover peger erfaringerne på fordele ved at lade undervisere fra forskellige professionsområder indgå i fælles opkvalificeringsforløb, da divergerende holdninger til blended læring sættes i spil og gensidigt udfordrer hinanden. En hel særlig erfaring er betydningen af tilbagevendende meta-refleksioner ift. undervisernes egen praksis med studerende ud fra erfaringer med selv at være “studerende” i opkvalificeringsforløbet, idet metarefleksionerne øjensynligt befordrer en udvikling af den enkelte undervisers undervisning, hvor fokus er på den studerendes perspektiv.
Å skrive om livsmot
Authors: Clancy Anne , Thorsen Rolf
Published: January 2020

Concerning "livsmot"

The phenomenon of ‘Livsmot’ can be expressed in a myriad of ways. This essay is the introductory text to a special issue in Nordisk Tidsskrift for Helseforskning that in its entirety concerns ‘livsmot’. The collection of essays should be of interest to students, researchers, health professionals and others. The issue highlights and discusses different philosophical approaches that can promote our understanding of what can give us courage and hope on good and bad days, in sickness and in health. The authors in the article collection write in essay form and use examples from life and research to bring forth their understanding of the phenomenon. This text contextualizes the various articles by presenting thoughts on and interpretations of ‘Livsmot’
Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Ocimum basilicum L. Seed Oil
Authors: Idris Abeer A. , Nour Azhari H. , Ali Mahmoud M. , Erwa Ibrahim Y. , Omer Ishag Omer A. , Nour Abdurahman H.
Published: January 2020

Ocimum basilicum has been widely used in traditional medicine. Rural communities have used fixed oils for variety purposes since a long time ago. They used for cosmetic applications, fuel, medicine and food. The aim of this study was to characterize the physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of O. basilicum seed oil. Lipids were determined by continuous extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus for 6 hours using hexane as solvent. The physicochemical properties of the oil were assessed by standard and established methods. The fatty acids composition of the seed oil was determined by GC-MS. The Pale yellow with camphor odor oil extracted from the seed has the following properties: yield, 18.01%; freezing point, -2°C; melting point, 5°C; boiling point, 215°C; refractive index (25°C), 1.48532; iodine value, 108.6 g/100 g of oil; peroxide value, 4.6 meq. O2/kg of oil; free fatty acids, 0.20%; acid value, 4.0 mg of KOH/g of oil; saponification value, 164.2 mg KOH/g of oil; unsaponifiable matter, 1.6; moisture and volatile value, 4.97 (wt%); density, 0.91372 g/cm3; viscosity, 10.29 mm2/s; specific gravity, 0.9210. Fatty acids composition showed that linolenic- (43.92%) was the major fatty acid and followed by linoleic- (32.18%), palmitic- (13.38%), stearic- (6.55%), palmitoleic- (0.78%), arachidic- (0.72%), anteisomargaric- (0.45%), nonadecylic- (0.28%), gondoic- (0.27%), margaric- (0.20%), behenic- (0.17%), heneicosylic- (0.14%), lignoceric- (0.13%) and myristic acid (0.11%). Therefore, recommended that more and advanced investigations should be undertaken for this abundant oil as natural source for many industrial applications, especially, for applications that require acids like linolenic and linoleic.
Late Haemorrhagic Disease of Newborn: Can It be Prevented by Changing Prophylaxis Policy?
Authors: Sachin K. R. , Ramesh H. , Chaya K. A.
Published: January 2020

Background: Vitamin K deficiency can cause severe haemorrhage in the newborn and is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. HDN can be classified according to the time of presentation after birth into early (0–24 hours), classical (1–14 days) and late (2–12 weeks) HDN. Late HDN, which presents after the first week of life, mainly manifests as intracranial haemorrhage, depending upon the site and amount of bleeding, it either results in mortality or life long sequelae in the form of cerebral palsy and scar epilepsy with or without cognitive impairment.

Objective: To determine the frequency of ICH about vitamin K deficiency and outcome in infants aged 2 to 24 weeks.

Materials and Methods: From 1 September 2017 to 30 September 2019 we retrieved the retrospective data of 8 patients with late HDN admitted to Bapuji Child Health Institute and Chigateri Government General Hospital, Davangere.

Results: Six of eight cases with late HDN had an intracranial haemorrhage, of whom 5 patients died (62%), one ended up with neurological sequelae (12%) and 2 cases had an extracranial bleed. Out of these 8 cases, 5 had not received vitamin K at birth.

Conclusion: For neonates on strict breastfeeding, despite some with vitamin K prophylaxis, some patients still may suffer from intracranial and extracranial bleeding due to late HDN. Therefore, a change in strategy in the form of making the paediatricians and Anganwadi workers working in subcenters to give vitamin K, who have been vaccinating the babies after birth, would increase the vitamin K coverage.
Single and Multiple Error Detection and Correction using Redundant Residue Number System for Cryptographic and Stenographic Schemes
Authors: Agbedemnab Peter Awon-natemi , Baagyere Edward Yellakuor , Daabo Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

The possibility of errors being propagated during the encoding process of cryptographic and steganographic schemes is real due to the introduction of noise by ciphering the data from stage to stage. This real possibility therefore requires that an efficient scheme is proposed such that if after the decoding process the accurate information is not discovered, then it can be employed to detect and correct any errors in the system. The Residue Number System (RNS) by its nature is fault tolerant since an error in one digit position does not affect other digit positions; but the Redundant Residue Number System (RRNS) had been used over the years to effectively detect and correct errors. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme that can detect and correct both single and multiple errors after and/or during computation and/or transmission provided the redundant moduli are sufficient enough. A theoretical analysis of the performance of the proposed scheme show it will be a better choice for detecting and correcting computational and transmission errors to existing similar state-of-the-art schemes.
The Coverage Issues in WSNs
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Anand Vishal
Published: January 2020

Aim: Wireless Sensor Networks is one of the hot research topic in previous years due to its wide contribution in emerging industry that is Internet of Things. A wireless sensor network is a network of tiny devices, which can gather the information from surrounding and then successfully communicate it via wireless link. WSNs are widely used for monitoring targets in given field of interest. Most popular area of research in Wireless Sensor Networks is coverage. This paper focus on coverage issues in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Study Design: Various Issues in WSNs being studied and analyzed.

Place and Duration of Study: Swami Parmanand College Lalru, between May 2019 to December 2019.

Methodology: It included following steps:-

Survey of the literature related to the proposed work.

Comparison of different types of WSNs and challenges and issues related to them.

Detailed study of coverage issue involved in implementation of WSN.

Results: Coverage selection depends on the system requirement. Each coverage has its own advantages and disadvantages related to its implementation.

“Table 2: Comparison between Various WSN and challenges related to them” it discusses about various types of WSNs and the challenges related to each one of them.

Conclusion: Coverage in WSNs can be defined on how well the sensor nodes monitor the targets in given field of interest. Each application comes with different set of coverage requirements; hence, deployment strategies are chosen based on the requirements.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Determining Water and Nitrogen Stress in Maize during Rabi Season
Authors: Naveen H. R. , Naik B. Balaji , Sreenivas G. , Kumar Ajay , Adinarayana J. , Kumar K. Avil , Shankaraiah M.
Published: January 2020

Aims/Objectives: Is to examine the use of spectral reflectance characteristics and explore the effectiveness of spectral indices under water and nitrogen stress environment.

Study Design: Split-plot.

Place and Duration of Study: Agro Climate Research Center, A.R.I., P.J.T.S. Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India in 2018-19.

Methodology: Fixed amount of 5 cm depth of water was applied to each plot when the ratio of irrigation water and cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) arrives at pre-determined levels of 0.6, 0.8 & 1.2 as main-plot and 3 nitrogen levels viz. 100, 200 & 300 kg N ha-1 as a subplot to create water and nitrogen stress environment. Spectral reflectance from each treatment was measured using Spectroradiometer and analyzed using statistical software package SPSS 17, SAS and trial version of UNSCRABLER.

Results: At tasseling and dough stages, the reflectance pattern of maize was found to be higher in visible light spectrum of 400 to700 nm whereas lower in near-infrared region (700 to 900) in both underwater (IW/CPE ratio of 0.6) and nitrogen stress (100 kg N ha-1) environment as compared to moderate and no stress irrigation (IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 & 1.2) and nitrogen (200 and 300 kg N ha-1) treatments. The discriminant analysis of NDVI, GNDVI, WBI and SR indicated that 72.2% and 66.7% of the original grouped cases and 55.6% and 38.9% of the cross-validated grouped cases under irrigation and nitrogen levels, respectively were correctly classified.

Conclusion: Hyperspectral remote sensing can be used as a tool to detect and quantify the water and nitrogen stress in maize non-destructively. Spectral vegetation indices viz. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) were found effective to distinguish water and nitrogen stress severity in maize.
Performance Evaluation of Tractor Operated Groundnut Thresher
Authors: Amrutiya M. D. , Makavana J. M. , Kachhot A. R. , Chauhan P. M. , Tiwari V. K.
Published: January 2020

The production of groundnut in India is being rapidly increased in the last ten years and is expected to increase further in coming decade. Farmer mostly used traditional cultivation practices for production of groundnut, which are labour and time intensive. Therefore, time saving machineries suited to labours should be used by growers to handle harvest and post-harvest operations for this crop. The performance evaluation of the thresher for groundnut crop was conducted with 50 hp tractor. The experiment was carried out at the Cotton Research Centre and Instructional Farm of College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh for kharif groundnut for Virginia Bunch type varieties of GG-20 and GG-22, respectively. The pod output capacity was observed as 524.66 kg/h (cylinder speed ~ 292 rpm) and 407.60 kg/h (cylinder speed ~ 421 rpm) for GG-22 and GG-20 varieties, respectively. The percentage of blown pods, un threshed pods, broken pods and spilled pods were observed as 14.51, 18.92, 0.126, 1.04% and 6.07, 14.59, 0.361, 0.99% for GG-22 and GG-20 varieties, respectively. The average threshing and cleaning efficiency were found as 81.08, 88.21 and 85.41, 88.74% for GG-22 and GG-20 varieties, respectively. The overall average cost of threshing operation was observed Rs.729.42 per hour and Rs.156 per quintal for both the varieties.
Genome Status of Lippia alba Polyploid Complex Long-term in vitro Cultivated
Authors: Julião Sirlei A. , Lopes Juliana M. L. , Zorzatto Cristiane , Matos Elyabe M. , Viccini Lyderson F.
Published: January 2020

This study is the first report of a genetic stability analysis of a polyploid complex maintained in vitro for a long-time. Twenty-two accessions of Lippia alba, a medicinal species of economic importance, had been maintained under in vitro culture conditions for 7 years through sprouting of axillary buds. Four clones of each accession were analyzed, being three plants from in vitro bank and one cultivated in the field. We investigated the genetic stability of diploid, aneuploid, triploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid accessions. The investigation was carried out using flow cytometry, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. No significant variation in nuclear DNA content was observed between the in vitro conserved plants and their respective field plant. Out of 23 ISSR primers screened, 8 primers were found to produce clear reproducible bands resulting in a total of 5456 bands. 86.36% of the analyzed plantlets (19 accessions) showed at least one polymorphic band. The polymorphic rate ranged from 1.61 to 33.87%. The SSR markers were used to confirm the absence or low occurrence of variation in accessions that showed no polymorphism or polymorphism for only one ISSR primer. The genetic instability detected in our study at the molecular level may be attributed to the natural instability of L. alba genome combined with the long-time in vitro maintenance.
Leaf Extracts Silver Nanoparticles of Four Medicinally Important Plants: Used as a Green Manure
Authors: Saadi Sk Md Abu Imam , Mondal Amal Kumar
Published: January 2020

Now a day’s green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plants has an important role in biomedical science, drug discovery and also in biological field. In this investigation, we synthesize AgNPs using the aqueous solution of the leaf extract of 4 indigenous plant samples such as –Abroma augusta, Barringtonia acutangula, Dillenia indica & Eupatorium odoratum in room temperature (35±2°C). After that, formation of AgNPs were confirmed by UV-VIS spectrum, the answered (435, 445, 430 & 440 nm), respectively. The average size of the AgNPs also confirmed by Particle size analyser (PAS), the B. acutangular species showed the best quality of silver nanoparticles among the other plant extracts. FTIR analysis showed that five biomolecule groups like phenols, aromatic, alkyne, alkane and alkene were found in among these plant samples. Our findings suggest that the seed germination percentage, relative seed germination rate, relative shoot & root growth and germination index of the tested plant depends upon concentration gradient of synthesize AgNPs. At 0.6 mg/ml concentration, the tested plant samples give the best favorable growth condition.
Screening of in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Rumex vesicarius (L.) Leaves Extract against Twelve Pathogenic Bacterial
Authors: Chaity Arnaba Saha , Islam Md. Ashikul , Nasrin Tamanna , Sarker Sathi Rani , Dutta Amit Kumar , Sikdar Biswanath , Hasan Md. Faruk
Published: January 2020

There is an alternative approaches from eradication of infections causes by pathogenic bacteria especially resistant bacteria. Methanol extract of Rumex vesicarius leaves were evaluated from in vitro antibacterial activity against twelve bacterial species were used which are four of them gram positive which are Streptococcus constellatus, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus sciuri and Streptococcus iniae and eight of them gram negative which are Aeromonas diversa, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodies, Siccibacter colletis, Edwardsielloa anguillarum, Aeromonas cavernicala, Enterobacter xiangfangenis and Vibro rotiferianus. The plant extract showed highest 12 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus constellatus at the concentration of 20 μg/disc and no zone of inhibition was found from Aeromonas diversa. In minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, methanol extract of Rumex vesicarious in 200μg/ml concentration showed best result against Vibrio rotiferianus. It can be concluded that methanol extracts of Rumex vesicarious leaves may be used as natural antibacterial from treatment of some diseases, especially local skin diseases.
Bacteriological Assessment of Toilet Seats in a Nigerian University
Authors: Sampson T. , Esheyigba A. P. , Baridam S. S.
Published: January 2020

Exposure to enteric pathogens through direct contact with contaminated toilets surfaces and associated water is one of the major sources of disease transmission in public settings. The bacterial profile of toilet seats in students’ dormitories was investigated to determine the pattern of bacterial contamination of public toilet seats in a university setting. Samples were collected from the male and female hostels in the University, and Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Count (THBC) as well as Fecal Coliform Counts (FCC) were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. The male hostels had a mean THBC of 11.4 ± 4.9 x 105 cfu/ml and 2.7 ± 0.7 x105 cfu/ml for the water and swab samples collected from the toilet bowl (WC), respectively. The female hostels on the other hand had a mean THBC of 7.7 ± 0.6 x 105  cfu/ml and 2.0 ± 2.7 x 105 cfu/ml for the water and swab samples from the WC, respectively. The result also revealed that the water in the WC accounted for 80.7% of the bacterial isolates while the toilet seat surfaces accounted for 19.3%. However, there was a statistical difference in the bacterial counts between the male and female hostels as well as the water and swab samples from the WC (p < 0.05). A total of thirty seven isolates (37) belonging to five (5) genera were identified as Staphylococcus spp. (32.4%), Bacillus spp (32.4%), Klebsiella spp (13.5%), Escherichia coli (13.5%), as well as Coccobacilli (8.2%). This research has shown the pattern of bacterial contamination of toilet seats and the potential pathogenic bacteria that may pose health challenges. Reduction in the number of students per toilet as well as proper sanitary practice is recommended, to prevent toilet associated infections amongst students.
Intimate Esthetics: Radiofrequency and the Vitamin C Association
Authors: Tible Lainscek Florence Germaine , Pires da Silva Áller , Maia Armiato Amaraina , Silva Carlotto Herrera Sávia Denise , Santos Nascimento Oliveira Larissa dos , De Carvalho Alves Rafaela , Santos Lacerda Elcyane Bechara , Buarque Machado Argentina França , Santos Pereira Andrielly dos , Lopes Batista Joaquim Celito
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Aging is a natural event, however for women the effects are more drastic, interfering directly in their sexual health, leading to intimate changes such as vulvovaginal sagging and hyperchromic.

Objective: To investigate whether the use of radiofrequency associated with vitamin C reduces the signs of aging and decreases the cutaneous hyperpigmentation of the vulvar zone.

Materials and Methods: Forty women divided into Radiofrequency (RF) and Radiofrequency associated with Vitamin C (RFC) were selected to meet the inclusion criteria to perform 4 treatment sessions. Data were collected from the photographic visual evaluation of a gynecologist, a dermatologist, and a specialist physiotherapist, from the pre and post-procedure, in addition to the participant's intimate self-assessment through a questionnaire. At the end of treatment, 35 women with the age group of 40.8 RF and 34.2 RFC were left.

Results: Participants reported improvement in sexual satisfaction, however, there was no significant difference between the RF and RFC groups regarding sagging and whitening and the inter-evaluator evaluation was unagreed.

Conclusion: If necessary, more sessions are performed for possible evidence of vitamin C use.
Developement and Characterization of Floating Tablets of Nizatidine for Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Galatage Sunil T. , Killedar Suresh G. , Katakar Rushikesh B. , Kumbhar Ravindra B. , Sharma Maya , Shirote Pramodkumar J.
Published: January 2020

The objective of the present research work is to develop an ideal floating drug delivery system of nizatidine to increase the gastric residence time in stomach. To overcome the short half life and lower bioavailability of drug in tablet form we developed the drug in the form of effervescent floating tablet containing HPMC K100 and sodium bicarbonate by direct compression methodology. The prepared effervescent floating tablets were characterized by thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, in vitro buoyancy time, swelling test, in vitro study and stability study and found that all formulations showed satisfactory results with enhanced half life and bioavailability that is among all formulations F1 formulation exhibited good drug release of 95.03% & has shown floating lag time 55 sec. Finally, it was concluded that formulations of nizatidine floating tablet were successfully prepared and found prolonged drug release for 12 hours thereby getting enhanced bioavailability, patient compliance by reducing dose frequency and gastric residence time.
Effects of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic or alcoholic elevated liver enzymes on incidence of diabetes following lifestyle intervention: A subanalysis of the J-DOIT1
Authors: Sakane Naoki , Kotani Kazuhiko , Suganuma Akiko , Takahashi Kaoru , Sato Juichi , Suzuki Sadao , Izumi Kazuo , Kato Masayuki , Noda Mitsuhiko , Nirengi Shinsuke , Kuzuya Hideshi
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Using annual health check-up data, the aim of this study was to identify target populations for lifestyle interventions to effectively prevent diabetes in a real-world setting.

Methods

The Japan Diabetes Outcome Intervention Trial-1, a prospective, cluster-randomized controlled trial, was launched to test if year-long telephone-delivered lifestyle support by health professionals can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) identified at health check-ups. A total of 2607 participants aged 20-65 years with IFG were randomized to an intervention arm (n = 1240) or a control arm (n = 1367). We performed subgroup analysis to examine the effects of the intervention on the incidence of T2D in participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥25, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and non-alcoholic or alcoholic elevated liver enzymes at the baseline. Cox regression analysis adjusted for sex was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

In addition to IFG, the presence of BMI ≥25, MetS, and elevated liver enzymes increased the incidence of diabetes by two- or three-fold. During a median follow-up period of 4.9 years, only the non-alcoholic elevated liver enzyme group showed a low incidence rate owing to lifestyle interventions (adjusted HR: 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.98).

Conclusion

The results suggest that people who have IFG and non-alcoholic elevated liver enzymes are a good target population for lifestyle interventions to effectively reduce the incidence of diabetes in a real-world setting.
Enhanced Creep Resistance of an Ultrafine‐Grained Ti–6Al–4V Alloy with Modified Surface by Ion Implantation and (Ti + V)N Coating
Authors: Semenova Irina P. , Selivanov Konstantin S. , Valiev Roman R. , Modina Iulia M. , Smyslova Marina K. , Polyakov Alexander V. , Langdon Terence G.
Published: January 2020

This research examines the creep behavior of an ultrafine‐grained (UFG) Ti−6Al−4V alloy processed by equal‐channel angular pressing followed by extrusion. It is shown that modifying the surface of the UFG alloy with nitrogen ions and then applying of a coating of (Ti + V)N inhibits the softening of the UFG alloy at temperatures up to 700 K due to a barrier effect in which the coating hinders the release of dislocations onto the surface. The differences in the mechanisms of crack initiation and failure of UFG samples are also examined both with and without a coating. The prospects of the proposed approach to the improving of titanium alloys are discussed, including the formation of an UFG structure in the bulk of the material and subsequent modification by ion‐plasma methods for the manufacture of highly loaded parts operating at elevated operating temperatures.
Sensitized Yb3+ Luminescence in CsPbCl3 Film for Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ishii Ayumi , Miyasaka Tsutomu
Published: January 2020

Near‐infrared (NIR) light emitting diodes (LEDs) with the emission wavelength over 900 nm are useful in a wide range of optical applications. Narrow bandgap NIR emitters have been widely investigated using organic compounds and colloidal quantum dots. However, intrinsically low charge mobility and luminescence efficiency of these materials limit improvement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of NIR LEDs, which is far from practical applications. Herein, a highly efficient NIR LED is demonstrated, which is based on an energy transfer from wide bandgap all inorganic perovskite (CsPbCl3) to ytterbium ions (Yb3+) as an NIR emitter doped in the perovskite crystalline film. High mobility of electrically excited carriers in the perovskite crystalline film provides a long carrier diffusion and enhances radiative recombination of an emission center due to minimized charge trapping losses, resulting in high EQE value in LEDs. The NIR emission of Yb3+ at around 1000 nm is found to be sensitized by CsPbCl3 thin film with a photoluminescence quantum yield over 60%. The LED based on Yb3+‐doped CsPbCl3 film exhibits a high EQE of 5.9% with a peak wavelength of 984 nm, achieved by high carrier transporting ability and effective sensitized emission property in the solid‐film structure.
Unlocking the Door of Boosting Biodirected Structures for High‐Performance VNxOy/C by Controlling the Reproduction Mode
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Jing , Li Xia , Si Liang , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao
Published: January 2020

Diverse reproduction modes of bio‐organisms open new intriguing opportunities for biochemistry‐enabled materials. Herein, a new strategy is developed to explore biodirected structures for functional materials via controlling the reproduction mode. Yeast with sexual or asexual reproduction mode are employed in this work. They result in two different biodirected structures, from bowl‐like hollow hemisphere to “bubble‐in‐sphere” (BIS) structure, for the VNxOy/C composites. Benefitting from the hierarchical structure, nanoscale particles and conductive biomass–derived carbon base, both VNxOy/C biocomposites achieve high power/energy density, good reliability, and excellent long‐term cycling stability in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Deep investigations further reveal that different biodirected structures greatly influence the electrochemical properties of biocomposites. The bowl‐like structures with thin shells and folded double layers achieve larger surface area and more active sites, which ensure their faster kinetics and better high rate capability. The BIS structures with a more compact assembly and higher stack capability are favorable to the better energy storage. Therefore, this work not only introduces a new clue to boost biodirected structures for functional materials, but also propels the development of Zn‐ion batteries in diverse applications.
Synthesis of Anisotropic ZnSe Nanorods with Zinc Blende Crystal Structure
Authors: Ning Jiajia , Kershaw Stephen V. , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: January 2020

Compared with the well‐explored cadmium‐based one‐dimensional nanorods (NRs), it is still a challenge to produce heavy‐metal‐free II–VI semiconductor analogues with a controlled size, shape, and crystal structure. Herein, a synthetic strategy towards ZnSe NRs with a zinc blende crystal structure is presented, where use of the anisotropic nuclei produced via a high‐temperature selenium injection favors anisotropic growth. Elongated ZnSe NRs were produced from anisotropic ZnSe nuclei, while spherical ZnSe nanocrystals were obtained starting from isotropic nuclei. The different free energy at (111) and (220) planes in anisotropic ZnSe nuclei induces the anisotropic growth of (111) plane for ZnSe NRs. Proper choice of the capping ligand (1‐dodecanethiol) has an important implication for the formation of anisotropic ZnSe nuclei and also allows the control of the diameter of the final ZnSe NRs by limiting the growth of the (220) crystal plane of anisotropic ZnSe nuclei.
Anti‐Aromatic versus Induced Paratropicity: Synthesis and Interrogation of a Dihydro‐diazatrioxa[9]circulene with a Proton Placed Directly above the Central Ring
Authors: Pedersen Stephan K. , Eriksen Kristina , Karaush‐Karmazin Nataliya N. , Minaev Boris , Ågren Hans , Baryshnikov Gleb V. , Pittelkow Michael
Published: January 2020

We present a high‐yielding intramolecular oxidative coupling within a diazadioxa[10]helicene to give a dihydro‐diazatrioxa[9]circulene. This is the first [n]circulene containing more than eight ortho‐annulated rings (n>8). The single‐crystal X‐ray structure reveals a tight columnar packing, with a proton from a pendant naphthalene moiety centred directly above the central nine‐membered ring. This distinct environment induces a significant magnetic deshielding effect on that particular proton as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The origin of the deshielding effect was investigated computationally in terms of the NICS values. It is established that the deshielding effect originates from an induced paratropic ring current from the seven aromatic rings of the [9]circulene structure, and is not due to the nine‐membered ring being antiaromatic. UV/Vis spectroscopy reveals more efficient conjugation in the prepared diazatrioxa[9]circulene compared to the parent helical azaoxa[10]helicenes, and DFT calculations, including energy levels, confirm the experimental observations.
CAAC‐Based Thiele and Schlenk Hydrocarbons
Authors: Maiti Avijit , Stubbe Jessica , Neuman Nicolás I. , Kalita Pankaj , Duari Prakash , Schulzke Carola , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Sarkar Biprajit , Jana Anukul
Published: January 2020

Diradicals have been of tremendous interest for over a century ever since the first reports ofp‐ andm‐phenylene‐bridged diphenylmethylradicals in 1904 by Thiele and 1915 by Schlenk. Reported here are the first examples of cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) analogues of Thiele's hydrocarbon, a Kekulé diradical, and Schlenk's hydrocarbon, a non‐Kekulé diradical, without using CAAC as a precursor. The CAAC analogue of Thiele's hydrocarbon has a singlet ground state, whereas the CAAC analogue of Schlenk's hydrocarbon contains two unpaired electrons. The latter forms a dimer, by an intermolecular double head‐to‐tail dimerization. This straightforward synthetic methodology is modular and can be extended for the generation of redox‐active organic compounds.
Catalytic Enantioselective Direct Aldol Addition of Aryl Ketones to α‐Fluorinated Ketones
Authors: Thomson Connor J. , Barber David M. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: January 2020

The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α‐fluorinated chiral tertiary alcohols from (hetero)aryl methyl ketones is described. The use of a bifunctional iminophosphorane (BIMP) superbase was found to facilitate direct aldol addition by providing the strong Brønsted basicity required for rapid aryl enolate formation. The new synthetic protocol is easy to perform and tolerates a broad range of functionalities and heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 e.r.). Multi‐gram scalability has been demonstrated along with catalyst recovery and recycling. 1H NMR studies identified a 1400‐fold rate enhancement under BIMP catalysis, compared to the prior state‐of‐the‐art catalytic system. The utility of the aldol products has been highlighted with the synthesis of various enantioenriched building blocks and heterocycles, including 1,3‐aminoalcohol, 1,3‐diol, oxetane, and isoxazoline derivatives.
Eine universelle, auf Nanokapillaren basierende Methode zur Katalysatorimmobilisierung für die Flüssigzell‐Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie
Authors: Tarnev Tsvetan , Cychy Steffen , Andronescu Corina , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Chen Yen‐Ting
Published: January 2020

Es wird eine universelle, auf Nanokapillaren basierende Methode zur Probenabscheidung auf der Siliziumnitridmembran von LCTEM‐Chips (liquid cell transmission electron microscopy) vorgeschlagen. Sie ist auf alle Substanzen anwendbar, die in einem Lösungsmittel dispergierbar und für eine Tropfenimmobilisierung geeignet sind, einschließlich Katalysatoren, biologische Proben und Polymere. Am wichtigsten ist, dass diese Methode die Einschränkungen bezüglich der Probenimmobilisierung aufgrund der Zerbrechlichkeit der ultradünnen Glaskohlenstoffelektrode/Siliziumnitridmembran, die für die Elektronenübertragung erforderlich ist, überwindet. Somit wird ein einfacher Weg vorgestellt, um das Forschungsgebiet des LCTEM auf jede Probe zu erweitern, die zuvor extern abgeschieden werden kann. Mit dieser Methode werden NixB‐Nanopartikel auf der Arbeitselektrode des LCTEM‐Chips im μm‐Maßstab deponiert und die In‐situ‐Beobachtung einzelner Katalysatorpartikel während der Ethanoloxidation erstmals erfolgreich mithilfe von TEM‐Filmen durchgeführt.
Understanding the Activity of Co‐N4−xCx in Atomic Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Yang Qin , Jia Yi , Wei Fenfei , Zhuang Linzhou , Yang Dongjiang , Liu Jizi , Wang Xin , Lin Sen , Yuan Pei , Yao Xiangdong
Published: January 2020

Atomic metal catalysis (AMC) provides an effective way to enhance activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Cobalt anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon materials have been extensively reported. The carbon‐hosted Co‐N4 structure was widely considered as the active site; however, it is very rare to investigate the activity of Co partially coordinated with N, for example, Co‐N4−xCx. Herein, the activity of Co‐N4−xCx with tunable coordination environment is investigated as the active sites for ORR catalysis. The defect (di‐vacancies) on carbon is essential for the formation of Co‐N4−xCx. N species play two important roles in promoting the intrinsic activity of atomic metal catalyst: N coordinated with Co to manipulate the reactivity by modification of electronic distribution and N helped to trap more Co to increase the number of active sites.
Emerging Cubic Chirality in γCD‐MOF for Fabricating Circularly Polarized Luminescent Crystalline Materials and the Size Effect
Authors: Hu Liangyu , Li Kun , Shang Weili , Zhu Xuefeng , Liu Minghua
Published: January 2020

The chiral feature of γCD‐MOF, and especially the emergent cubic void, was not unveiled so far. Now, through the host–guest interaction between γCD‐MOF and achiral luminophores with different charges and sizes, the unique cubic chirality of the emerging void in γCD‐MOF as well as a size effect on CPL induction are revealed for the first time. Numerous achiral luminophores could be integrated into γCD‐MOF and emitted significantly boosted circularly polarized luminescence. While the small sized luminophores preferred to be loaded into the intrinsic void of γCD, large ones were selectively encapsulated into the cubic void. Interestingly, when the size of the guest luminophores was close to the cube size, it showed strong negative CPL. Otherwise, either positive or negative CPL was induced.
C−C Bond Formation in Syngas Conversion over Zinc Sites Grafted on ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Gong Ke , Jiao Feng , Pan Xiulian , Hou Guangjin , Si Rui , Bao Xinhe
Published: January 2020

Despite significant progress achieved in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) technology, control of product selectivity remains a challenge in syngas conversion. Herein, we demonstrate that Zn2+‐ion exchanged ZSM‐5 zeolite steers syngas conversion selectively to ethane with its selectivity reaching as high as 86 % among hydrocarbons (excluding CO2) at 20 % CO conversion. NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray fluorescence indicate that this is likely attributed to the highly dispersed Zn sites grafted on ZSM‐5. Quasi‐in‐situ solid‐state NMR, obtained by quenching the reaction in liquid N2, detects C2 species such as acetyl (‐COCH3) bonding with an oxygen, ethyl (‐CH2CH3) bonding with a Zn site, and epoxyethane molecules adsorbing on a Zn site and a Brønsted acid site of the catalyst, respectively. These species could provide insight into C−C bond formation during ethane formation. Interestingly, this selective reaction pathway toward ethane appears to be general because a series of other Zn2+‐ion exchanged aluminosilicate zeolites with different topologies (for example, SSZ‐13, MCM‐22, and ZSM‐12) all give ethane predominantly. By contrast, a physical mixture of ZnO‐ZSM‐5 favors formation of hydrocarbons beyond C3+. These results provide an important guide for tuning the product selectivity in syngas conversion.
Programmable Assembly of Nano‐architectures through Designing Anisotropic DNA Origami Patches
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Dai Lizhi , Duan Jialin , Ding Zhiyuan , Wang Peng , Li Zheng , Xing Hang , Tian Ye
Published: January 2020

Programmable assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) into well‐defined architectures has attracted attention because of tailored properties resulting from coupling effects. However, general and precise approaches to control binding modes between NPs remain a challenge owing to the difficulty in manipulating the accurate positions of the functional patches on the surface of NPs. Here, a strategy is developed to encage spherical NPs into pre‐designed octahedral DNA origami frames (DOFs) through DNA base‐pairings. The DOFs logically define the arrangements of functional patches in three dimensions, owing to the programmability of DNA hybridization, and thus control the binding modes of the caged nanoparticle with designed anisotropy. Applying the node‐and‐spacer approach that was widely used in crystal engineering to design coordination polymers, patchy NPs could be rationally designed with lower symmetry encoded to assemble a series of nano‐architectures with high‐order geometries.
Towards Long‐Term Photostability of Nickel Hydroxide/BiVO4 Photoanodes for Oxygen Evolution Catalysts via In Situ Catalyst Tuning
Authors: Gao Rui‐Ting , He Dan , Wu Lijun , Hu Kan , Liu Xianhu , Su Yiguo , Wang Lei
Published: January 2020

Increasing long‐term photostability of BiVO4 photoelectrode is an important issue for solar water splitting. The NiOOH oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) has fast water oxidation kinetics compared to the FeOOH OEC. However, it generally shows a lower photoresponse and poor stability because of the more substantial interface recombination at the NiOOH/BiVO4 junction. Herein, we utilize a plasma etching approach to reduce both interface/surface recombination at NiOOH/BiVO4 and NiOOH/electrolyte junctions. Further, adding Fe2+ into the borate buffer electrolyte alleviates the active but unstable character of etched‐NiOOH/BiVO4, leading to an outstanding oxygen evolution over 200 h. The improved charge transfer and photostability can be attributed to the active defects and a mixture of NiOOH/NiO/Ni in OEC induced by plasma etching. Metallic Ni acts as the ion source for the in situ generation of the NiFe OEC over long‐term durability.
“Self‐Lockable” Liquid Crystalline Diels–Alder Dynamic Network Actuators with Room Temperature Programmability and Solution Reprocessability
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Chao , Xiao Yao‐Yu , Yin Lu , Han Li , Zhao Yue
Published: January 2020

Novel main‐chain liquid crystalline Diels—Alder dynamic networks (LCDANs) were prepared that exhibit unprecedented ease for actuator programming and reprocessing compared to existing liquid crystalline network (LCN) systems. Following cooling from 125 °C, LCDANs are deformed with aligned mesogens self‐locked at room temperature by slowly formed Diels–Alder (DA) bonds, which allows for the formation of solid 3D actuators capable of reversible shape change, and strip walker and wheel‐capable light‐driven locomotion upon either thermally or optically induced order–disorder phase transition. Any actuator can readily be erased at 125 °C and reprogrammed into a new one under ambient conditions. Moreover, LCDANs can be processed directly from melt (for example, fiber drawing) and from solution (for example, casting tubular actuators), which cannot be achieved with LCNs using exchangeable covalent bonds. The combined attributes of LCDANs offer significant progress toward developing easily programmable/processable LCN actuators.
Bovine serum albumin gel/polyelectrolyte complex of hyaluronic acid and chitosan based microcarriers for Sorafenib targeted delivery
Authors: Paşcalău Violeta , Tertis Mihaela , Pall Emoke , Suciu Maria , Marinca Traian , Pustan Marius , Merie Violeta , Rus Iulia , Moldovan Cristian , Topala Tamara , Pavel Codruta , Popa Catalin
Published: January 2020

The development of systems for targeted delivery of Sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma to reduce the systemic toxicity is a challenge. In our article, we successfully prepared core‐shell microcapsules based on bovine serum albumin gel with polyelectrolyte complex multilayer shell of polysaccharides with opposite charges, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan, encapsulating Sorafenib, as targeting delivery system for improved hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. A bovine serum albumin gel core was formed by a method based on a sacrificial CaCO3 template, followed by the multilayer shell build‐up of Ca2+ cross‐linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel, and subsequently alternating multilayers of the polyelectrolyte complex formed between hyaluronic acid and chitosan. The following techniques: Fourier‐transform infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used for the physicochemical characterization. These tests revealed the spherical shape of core‐shell type, the micro‐size, as well as the composition of microcapsules after their synthesis and proved the successful encapsulation and release of the drug. The promising results regarding encapsulation efficiency, Sorafenib release profile and cytotoxicity on HepG2 and mesenchymal stem cells, recommend Sorafenib loaded microcapsules as suitable targeted drug carriers for further in vivo studies for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
The influence of seagrass donor source on small‐scale transplant resilience
Authors: McDonald Ashley M. , Christiaen Bart , Major Kelly M. , Cebrian Just
Published: January 2020

Concern for conservation of seagrass habitat has prompted international transplantation‐style restoration efforts. A recent review of these restoration efforts has highlighted the low success associated with small‐scale restorations, yet scaling up transplantation effort may be too costly for underfunded regions. Small‐scale transplant survival can be enhanced with alleviation of two underlying issues: restoration site selection and donor site selection.

To investigate appropriate donor source selection, donor site environmental influence on seagrass (Halodule wrightii) transplant survival was examined by transplanting donor cores from two environmentally disparate sites to a transplantation site with limited environmental uncertainties. Donor sites were chosen to represent either end of a benthic light gradient (high versus low) to elucidate seagrass resilience to transplantation stress, with respect to donor site conditions.

After total loss of the first trial, a second trial was conducted with stabilizing mesh placed over transplants to reduce stingray bioturbation. The second trial resulted in 100% survival of high light transplants after 12 months and moderate survival (30–60%) of low light transplants for the first six months.

At 18 months, the second trial ended after sediment burial from a hurricane. One year post‐burial, a patch of H. wrightii recovered at the high light transplant site; after six years the patch expanded to approximately 74 m2, an area 37‐fold larger than originally planted.

Results from this transplant experiment provide evidence that donor environment plays a role in transplant resilience. The transplants sourced from high light had 47% greater leaf area per shoot, were more resistant to transplantation stress, and recovered following an extreme event relative to low light transplants. Therefore, selection of donor plants with more resilience features, a transplantation site with limited environmental uncertainties, and adaptive intervention can enhance seagrass resilience at a small planting scale.
Comparative analysis of femoral biomechanical neck length in primates
Authors: Rein Thomas R.
Published: January 2020

The unique abductor capability of the human lesser gluteal muscles among extant hominoids has been suggested to be associated, in part, with biomechanical neck length of the femur. Beyond the hominin lineage, the relationship between biomechanical neck length and locomotor performance remains unclear due, in part, to the limited number of primate taxa directly compared and the need to examine species characterized by a wider range of locomotor diversity. Measurements were taken on the proximal femora of 28 extant taxa, with each species being assigned to a locomotor and phylogenetic category. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares analysis were performed to examine the impact of phylogeny and locomotor adaptation on relative biomechanical neck length. Arboreal quadrupeds that perform varying proportions of climbing/clambering versus leaping were characterized by different biomechanical neck lengths, whereas semi‐terrestrial anthropoids that perform either knuckle‐walking or palmigrade/digitigrade quadrupedalism were found to have similar relative neck lengths. Samples categorized as either orthograde clamberers or bipeds were distinct from all other anthropoid samples and characterized by the relatively shortest and longest biomechanical neck lengths, respectively. Results of additional analyses that included prosimian primates suggest that relatively long biomechanical necks characterize species adapted to hind limb‐dominated forms of locomotion (e.g., vertical clinging and leaping and bipedalism). Thus, biomechanical neck length is useful for signaling reliance on bipedalism (as performed by humans) or leaping, including subtle variation in leaping performance among arboreal quadrupeds. Furthermore, this trait is informative regarding reliance on irregular gait clambering as performed by orangutans.