bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Generation of Satellite Snow Observations for Large Scale Earth System Studies
Authors: Frei Allan
Published: March 2009

Snow cover variations over Northern Hemisphere lands result in dramatic changes in the Earth's hydrology and surface energy balance over a range of time scales. These variations play a role in the complex web of feedbacks that control the Earth's climate, and are likely to modulate any climate change that occurs during this century. The ongoing need for reliably observed indicators of climate change, and for refined climate models, to facilitate the detection and attribution of climate change, and the declining global meteorological observation network, underscore the increasing importance of accurate remotely sensed information. A new generation of remotely sensed products in the last decade provides information at unprecedented temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions. This article reviews the characteristics and theoretical underpinnings of these snow products, shows examples of their application in climatological analyses, and discusses current and future directions in their application and development.
Characteristics of Bread Prepared from Wheat Flours Blended with Various Kinds of Newly Developed Rice Flours
Authors: Nakamura S. , Suzuki K. , Ohtsubo K.
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:  Characteristics of the bread prepared from wheat flour blended with the flour of various kinds of newly developed rice cultivars were investigated. Qualities of the bread made from wheat flour blended with rice flour have been reported to be inferior to those from 100% wheat flour bread. To improve its qualities, we searched for the new‐characteristic rice flours among the various kinds of newly developed rice cultivars to blend with the wheat flour for the bread preparation. The most suitable new characteristic rices are combination of purple waxy rice, high‐amylose rice, and sugary rice. Specific volume of the bread from the combination of wheat and these 3 kinds of rice flours showed higher specific volume (3.93) compared with the traditional wheat/rice bread (3.58). We adopted the novel method, continuous progressive compression test, to measure the physical properties of the dough and the bread in addition to the sensory evaluation. As a result of the selection of the most suitable rice cultivars and blending ratio with the wheat flour, we could develop the novel wheat/rice bread, of which loaf volume, physical properties, and tastes are acceptable and resistant to firming on even 4 d after the bread preparation.

To increase the ratio of rice to wheat, we tried to add a part of rice as cooked rice grains. The specific volume and qualities of the bread were maintained well although the rice content of total flour increased from 30% to 40%.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to Pangasius Catfish, Basa, and Tra
Authors: Gajewski K.G. , Chen Y‐T. , Hsieh Y‐H. P.
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:  Four IgG (subclass IgG1) class monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) strongly reactive to Asian farm‐raised Pangasius catfish, tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and basa (Pangasius bocourti), have been developed. These MAbs were raised by immunizing an animal with thermal‐stable crude sarcoplasmic protein extract of cooked tra. The MAbs were selected by screening hybridoma clones against more than 70 common fish and meat protein extracts. Two MAbs, T7E10 and T1G11, were found to be specific to the Asian Pangasius catfish, tra, and basa, with no cross‐reactions with any of the common fish and meat species or with the food additive proteins (bovine serum albumin, soy proteins, milk proteins, egg proteins, and gelatin) tested. MAb T7E10 recognized 2 antigenic proteins (molecular weight approximately 36 and 75 kDa) in raw and cooked tra and basa extracts, while T1G11 bound to several proteins (molecular weight between 13 and 18 kDa) in tra and basa extracts. Two other MAbs, F7B8 and F1G11, recognized a common protein (36 KDa) and cross‐reacted with all the fish extracts tested and with several mammalian species. These MAbs can be employed individually or in combination in various formats of immunoassays for rapid identification of Pangasius catfish, either raw or cooked. They can also be used to study the biological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of thermal‐stable antigenic proteins. This is the first study identifying these thermal‐stable antigenic proteins present in Pangasius catfish as species‐specific biomarkers.
A National Survey of Family Physicians: Perspectives on Collaboration With Marriage and Family Therapists
Authors: Clark Rebecca E. , Linville Deanna , Rosen Karen H.
Published: March 2009

Recognizing the fit between family medicine and marriage and family therapy (MFT), members of both fields have made significant advances in collaborative health research and practice. To add to this work, we surveyed a nationwide random sample of 240 family physicians (FPs) and asked about their perspectives and experiences of collaboration with MFTs. We found that FPs frequently perceive a need for their patients to receive MFT‐related care, but their referral to and collaboration with MFTs were limited. Through responses to an open‐ended question, we gained valuable information as to how MFTs could more effectively initiate collaboration with FPs.
Evaluating Scholarship Productivity in COAMFTE‐Accredited PhD Programs
Authors: Jared DuPree W. , White Mark B. , Meredith William H. , Ruddick Lindsay , Anderson Michael P.
Published: March 2009

Due to an increasing trend among states to cut higher education funds, many universities are relying more on private donations and federal funding to keep programs afloat. Scholarship productivity in general has become an integral factor in terms of universities granting tenure to faculty, allocating resources, and supporting program goals due to the fact that more research in a particular area tends to increase the likelihood that one will obtain funding from federal, state, and private sources. In the past, ranking systems have also been used to evaluate programs. However, most ranking systems use methodologies that do not quantify research productivity or evaluate factors that match current university trends. The purpose of this article is to explore current scholarship productivity trends among COAMFTE‐accredited doctoral programs through the use of several evaluation methods. Specifically, productivity was examined in regard to the following areas: (a) family therapy journal publications; (b) family science journal publications; (c) historic journal publication trends; and (d) recent journal publication trends.
The Maudsley Model of Family‐Based Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Qualitative Evaluation of Parent‐to‐Parent Consultation
Authors: Rhodes Paul , Brown Jac , Madden Sloane
Published: March 2009

This article describes the qualitative analysis of a randomized control trial that explores the use of parent‐to‐parent consultations as an augmentation to the Maudsley model of family‐based treatment for anorexia. Twenty families were randomized into two groups, 10 receiving standard treatment and 10 receiving an additional parent‐to‐parent consultation. Parents of all families were interviewed regarding their experience of treatment and transcripts were analyzed with the assistance of QSR N‐Vivo. Parents described parent‐to‐parent consultations as an intense emotional experience that helped them to feel less alone, to feel empowered to progress, and to reflect on changes in family interactions. These results suggest that parent‐to‐parent consultations are seen as a useful augmentation to the Maudsley model of family‐based treatment for anorexia nervosa.
Bumblebee nest density and the scale of available forage in arable landscapes
Authors: KNIGHT M. E. , OSBORNE J. L. , SANDERSON R. A. , HALE R. J. , MARTIN A. P. , GOULSON D.
Published: March 2009

Abstract.

Combining the needs of agricultural production with enhancing biodiversity requires a landscape‐scale approach since the geographic scale at which most non‐farmed species operate is unconstrained by farm boundaries. Bumblebees are a key component of farmland biodiversity as pollinators of both crops and wild flora. However, the factors determining their densities in such landscapes remain poorly understood.

Using a combination of remote‐sensed landscape data and molecular markers, we quantify the effects of land use (oilseed rape, field beans and non‐cropped areas, all of which provide suitable bumblebee forage), at various spatial scales to find the best predictor of colony density for the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum Scopoli in an arable landscape.

Estimated colony density was positively correlated with the area of all habitat categories within 1000 m of the sample site. No significant relationships were found for greater or lesser distances. This concurs with earlier estimates of the foraging range of this species. We found no evidence that nest sizes increased with forage availability, although our data do not allow us to categorically exclude this possibility.

It has long been suspected that forage availability limits bee abundance in agricultural landscapes but there is little direct evidence for this. Here we report a direct relationship between floral abundance and bumblebee nest density within a notionally fixed area. Importantly, we suggest that the forage availability within the previously published estimated foraging distance for this species at this location is a good predictor of the scale of impact of forage provision on nesting density.
Intensified multifactorial treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes: What can be achieved and does it pay off?
Authors: PEDERSEN Oluf
Published: March 2009

By influencing the standards of diabetes care and treatment guidelines throughout the world, the results of recent long‐term risk factor interventions in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) have likely contributed to the improved health outcomes and induced a decline in mortality in people with T2D. Although we have a need for even more evidence to support early, individualized, and intensive management of all known modifiable risk factors, we have now reached an era in T2D care where the critical challenges appear to be to translate the insights, knowledge and benefits to patients in the community setting. Current surveys show slow progress in achieving treatment goals and in the use of recommended drugs and adjustments of lifestyle for the prevention of vascular complications in diabetes. The resistance and barriers among medical professionals and patients likely have multiple causes. The present review focuses on experiences from multifactorial interventions in high‐risk patients with T2D where it is possible to markedly improve their prognosis.
Reviews
Authors: Robbins J. Albert
Published: March 2009

The Poe “Dictionary”: Burton R. Pollin. Dictionary of Names and Titles in Poe's Collected Works. New York: De Capo Press, 1968.
Reviews
Authors: Petersen Milton C.
Published: March 2009

Poe as “Magazinist”: Michael Allen. Poe and the British Magazine Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.
Poe in the Marketplace
Authors: McLean Robert C.
Published: March 2009

Thomas Woodson, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of “The Fall of the House of Usher”: A Collection of Critical Essays.

Eric W. Carlson, ed. Edgar Allan Poe: “The Pall of the House of Usher.”

William L. Howarth, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Foe's Tales: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Poe's Prosody in Perspective
Authors: Eaton Richard B.
Published: March 2009

Edgar A. Poe, The Rationale of Verse: A Preliminary Edition, Incorporating Cognate Documents by Goold Brown, William Cullen Bryant, James Davenport Whelpley. Introduction, notes, and index by J. Arthur Greenwood. Princeton, N.J.: Wolfhart Book Company, 1968. xxxii + 270 pp. $3.50 paper. $7.00 cloth.
Pseudo Science Fiction
Authors: Ketterer David
Published: March 2009

Taylor Stoehr. Hawthorne's Mad Scientists: Pseudoscience and Science in Nineteenth‐Century Life and Letters.

Harold Beaver, ed. The Science Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. Penguin Books

David Ketterer
The Poe Palimpsest
Authors: Hennelly Mark M.
Published: March 2009

Julian Symons. The T'ell‐Tale Heart: The Life and Work of Edgar Allan Poe.

Wolf Mankowitz. The Extraordinary Mr. Poe.
Poe from Jungian Perspectives
Authors: Gargano James W.
Published: March 2009

Martin Bickman. The Unsounded Centre: Jungian Studies in American Romanticism.

David R. Saliba. A Psychology of Fear: The Nightmare Formula of Edgar Allan Poe.
Marginal Politics and “The Purloined Letter”: A Review Essay
Authors: Pease Donald
Published: March 2009

Jacques Lacan, “Le seminaire sur ‘La Lettre volee,‘” from Ecrits (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1966), pp. 11‐61; trans. Jeffrey Mehlman as “Seminar on “The Purloined Letter,’” in French Freud: Structural Studies in Psychoanalysis, Yale French Studies, No. 48 (1972), pp. 38‐72.

Jacques Derrida, “Le Facteur de la verite,”Poetique, 21 (1975), 96‐147; trans. Willis Domingo, et al., as “The Purveyor of Truth,” in Graphesis: Perspectives in Literature and Philosophy, Yale French Studies, No. 52 (1975), pp. 31‐113.

Barbara Johnson, “The Frame of Reference: Poe, Lacan, Derrida,” from Literature and Psychoanalysis I the Question of Reading: Otherwise, Yale French Studies, No. 55‐56 (1977) pp. 457‐505; rpt. in Psychoanalysis and the Question of the Text, ed. Geoffrey Hartman (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1978), pp. 149‐171, and in Barbara Johnson, The Critical Difference: Essays in the Contemporary Rhetoric of Reading (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 110‐146.
An Introduction to Poe
Authors: Benton Richard P.
Published: March 2009

Bettina L. Knapp, Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984. 226 pp. Cloth $13–95.
Dogmatizing Discourse
Authors: Robinson Douglas
Published: March 2009

Book reviewed in this article:

Evan Carton. The Rhetoric of American Romance: Dialectic and Identity in Emerson, Dickinson, Poe, and Hawthorne. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. ix, 288 pp. $25.00.

Ross Chambers. Story and Situation: Narrative Seduction and the Power of Fiction, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. xxii, 279 pp. $14.95, paper.

Ken Frieden. Genius and Monologue. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985. 211 pp. $19.95.

Jefferson Humphries. Metamorphoses of the Raven: Literary Overdeterminedness in France and the South Since Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985. xix, 196 pp. $25.00.
Miniatures under the Magnifying‐Glass
Authors: Moldenhauer Joseph J.
Published: March 2009

Book reviewed in this article:

Burton R. Pollin, editor. Collected Writings of Edgar Allan Poe: Volume 2, The Brcvities. New York: Gordian Press, 1985. lx, 575 pp. $45.00.
The Protean Mr. Poe: Some Versions of His Changing Shapes
Authors: Gargano James W.
Published: March 2009

Burton R. Pollin, Insights and Outlooks: Essays on Great Writers, New York: Gordian Press, 1986. vii‐x+ 239 pp.

Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV, Poe and Our Times: Influences and Affinities, Baltimore, Maryland: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, 1986. I–III+156 pp.
Poe, Materiality, and the Fate of Mind
Authors: Kennedy J. Gerald
Published: March 2009

Joan Dayan. Fables of Mind: An Inquiry into Poe's Fiction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. 273 pp. $24.95.
MARGINALIA
Authors: RobinsonM William S. , Ljungquist Kent , Jones Buford
Published: March 2009

This section is devoted to notes, comments, and replies. We wish to provide here an outlet for source studies and focused interpretations that do not feature the extended argument and proof customary in articles, for items of special interest that otherwise might not appear, and for formal exchanges on relevant scholarly and critical issues. Contributions should generally be from one to four paragraphs in length, although notes extending to five typescript pages are acceptable; all documentation should be in brackets within the text.
Exercise prescription for the overweight and the obese: how to quantify and yet keep it simple
Authors: Ehrsam R , Hoerler-Koerner U , Stoffel S , Melges T , Ainsworth B
Published: March 2009

An activity point system (APS) is presented that assists healthcare providers and health professionals with a way to prescribe exercise in a semiquantitative manner and to motivate their patients to begin an exercise programme. Activity points are specific to one’s body weight, body mass index and activity intensity for 10-minute bouts of activity performed. With a goal of accumulating 100–300 activity points per week, the APS provides a simple yet quantitatively accurate way to prescribe exercise for overweight and obese adults.
Stream-bed armouring under known conditions of upstream sediment input
Authors: Schiller Eric J. , Rowney A. Charles
Published: March 2009

Experiments were conducted to assess ways in which an imposed sediment load can affect the formation and final nature of an armoured bed. A flume loaded with a quartz aggregate of known composition was subjected to various sediment-laden flows of water to produce armoured beds. Characteristic parameters of the armoured beds were then compared.In general, it was found that the final armoured bed can be significantly altered by an imposed sediment load. As the size of the input sediment increased, the amount of bed material that was eroded, the resulting particle size of the bed, and the total roughness of the bed all decreased. The formation of bed forms was very important in this process. The trends observed in these experimental tests indicate that the presence or absence of upstream sediment sources has a direct influence on the resulting armoured layer.
Sublethal Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Adult American Lobsters (Homarus americanus)
Authors: Payne Jerry F. , Kiceniuk J. , Misra R. , Fletcher Garth , Thompson R.
Published: March 2009

A suite of 56 different parameters including biochemical, physiological, and morphological indices were investigated in lobsters chronically exposed to a low level of petroleum hydrocarbons. General condition indices were unaffected and no oil-induced differences were noted in serum values for most of the electrolytes, except calcium, which was elevated in both sexes. Serum freezing-point depression decreased in both sexes of the experimental group. Considering the four major serum parameters, protein, lipid, glucose, and amino nitrogen, oil exposure had a significant effect on plasma protein and lipid values in the females. Chronic exposure to oil also had a marked impact on blood hemocytes in which lipid values were reduced by approximately one-half in both sexes. Three different types of oil-induced effects were noted for the essential amino acids, including (a) change in one sex only, (b) change in both sexes, and (c) interaction between sex and oil exposure. The only nonessential amino acid significantly affected by oil exposure was alanine. The differences observed in amino acid analogs, namely the elevation of serum levels of methionine sulfoxide and methylhistidine, have been discussed on the basis of mammalian studies as possible stress-related effects. One of the most interesting effects observed at the organismal level was gill browning, which markedly increased in the oil-exposed animals. This particular sublethal effect, possibly more than any other, could be considered pathological in nature. Gill browning is readily measurable and provides one suitable biological response for monitoring point sources of petroleum pollution in lobster habitats.
Production Estimates for Scotian Shelf Copepods Based on Mass Specific P/B Ratios
Authors: Tremblay M. John , Roff John C.
Published: March 2009

We estimated annual secondary production by copepod species on the Emerald Bank, Scotian Shelf, for the first time. We tentatively ranked copepod species in order of importance based on production to biomass (P/B) ratios calculated from adult body mass using an empirical relationship. The significance of assessing species in terms of production rather than population biomass is demonstrated. The mean estimate of total copepod production (530 kJ∙m−2) is in good agreement with previous estimates of secondary production on the Scotian Shelf.
Embryo Movements of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as Influenced by pH, Temperature, and State of Development
Authors: Peterson R. H. , Martin-Robichaud D. J.
Published: March 2009

Two types of embryo movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), pectoral fin flutter and trunk movements, were measured as a function of incubation temperature, pH, and developmental state. Trunk movements began at 200 degree-days, initially at highest frequency. The frequency decreased throughout subsequent development and then increased slightly just before hatching. Movements were much more stereotyped in the earliest stages of development than just prior to hatching. Frequencies at 200 degree-days were insensitive to temperature and pH. Frequencies just prior to hatching were very temperature sensitive (Q10 of 13) and were decreased at low pH. This decreased frequency may be related to documented effects of temperature and low pH on hatching. Pectoral fin movements were temperature sensitive (Q10 of 2) and pH insensitive. These movements were initiated at 350 degree-days of development and attained maximal frequency at 400 degree-days.
Respiratory Adaptations of the Fingernail Clams Sphaerium occidentale and Musculium securis to Ephemeral Habitats
Authors: McKee Paul M. , Mackie Gerald L.
Published: March 2009

Experiments performed on seasonal collections of the pisidiids Sphaerium occidentale and Musculium securis from a temporary pond suggest that respiratory adaptations are related to the specific life histories of the two species. Sphaerium occidentale lives up to 3 yr and all age classes aestivate during dry periods, while M. securis lives for about 1 yr and only newborn aestivate. Both species are iteroparous and reproduce primarily in late spring and early summer. Oxygen uptake rates at field temperature and Q10 values are low in both species during hibernation and aestivation, indicating respiratory stability and energy conservation. These rates and respiratory coefficients peak in spring during maximal growth and reproduction. Respiration in M. securis is more independent of temperature than in S. occidentale, reflecting the requirement of the former to complete growth and reproduction more quickly. Both animals show temperature acclimation patterns permitting early activity in spring and, thus, a more efficient exploitation of the short aquatic season. This pattern is more pronounced in the shorter lived M. securis. During aestivation, M. securis is a facultative anaerobe, while S. occidentale is an obligate aerobe. Neither species displays an oxygen debt following aestivation when immersed in water. Arousal from aestivation, as indicated by oxygen uptake, is delayed when clams are introduced to pond water. This apparently inhibits a premature resumption of activity and decreases the likelihood of desiccation in the natural habitat.
Effect of Atmospheric Sulfur on the Composition of Three Adirondack Lakes
Authors: Galloway James N. , Schofield Carl L. , Peters Norman E. , Hendrey George R. , Altwicker Elmar R.
Published: March 2009

Three watershed–lake systems of the Integrated Lake–Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) were investigated to determine the effects of atmospheric deposition on the chemical compositions of oligotrophic lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Using the principles of watershed mass balance and electroneutrality of solutions, the following conclusions were drawn. (1) Annually, about 90% of the NH4+ and 50% of the NO3− from atmospheric deposition were retained in the systems. (2) In the Woods system, Cl− was in steady state with respect to atmospheric deposition although both Panther and Sagamore systems had net losses, indicating watershed sources of Cl−. (3) The losses of base cations from Panther and Sagamore were substantially greater than from the Woods system, reflecting the shallow soils of the latter. (4) The concentrations of SO42− in the waters of the three systems were controlled by the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic sulfur; in Woods and Panther, inputs (atmospheric deposition) equalled outputs (discharges from the lake outlets); in Sagamore, outputs exceeded inputs. (5) In 1978–80, concentrations of SO42− were four to five times higher than historical values. These increased concentrations had caused either decreased alkalinities of surface waters or increased concentrations of base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) or both. The former directly affects aquatic ecosystems; the latter directly affects terrestrial ecosystems because of increased rates of loss of the nutrients Ca, Mg, and K in the absence of resupply from primary weathering.
Measurement of Primary Productivity in Dense Algal Cultures
Authors: Gentner S-R.
Published: March 2009

The 14C-bicarbonate method of primary productivity measurement was modified for dense algal cultures by the addition of NaHCO3 to avoid exhaustion of carbon source. Using this method plus a modified procedure for scintillation counting of limited sample size, six species of chlorophyean algae were studied daily throughout the growth cycle. Scenedesmus acutus was the most productive with a peak productivity of 5.3 mg C∙L−1∙h−1 at 9.7 × 103 lx during late exponential phase. Peak productivity values (mg C∙L−1∙h−1) for the other species were 2 for Chlorella vulgaris, 2.3 for Ankistrodesmus braunii, and 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6 mg C∙L−1∙h−1 for Scenedesmus basiliensis, S. bijugatus, and S. parisiensis, respectively.
Phosphorus Release by Three Kinds of Benthic Invertebrates: Effects of Substrate and Water Medium
Authors: Nalepa Thomas F. , Gardner Wayne S. , Malczyk John M.
Published: March 2009

The effects of a sand substrate (presence vs. absence) and type of water medium (distilled or lake) on phosphorus excretion rates of tubificids, chironomids, and the amphipod Pontoporeia hoyi were determined. In contrast to previous studies on respiration rates, the presence or absence of a substrate did not significantly affect the excretion rates of any of the three taxa. Realistic determinations of P excretion can thus be obtained without a substrate present; this simplifies the approach to such determinations. Excretion rates of tubificids and chironomids were not affected by the type of medium, but the excretion rate of P. hoyi was slightly (but significantly) higher in distilled water than in lake water.
Assessment of Phosphorus Limitation in an Oligotrophic Lake Using Radiophosphorus Uptake Kinetics
Authors: Chow-Fraser Patricia , Duthie Hamish C.
Published: March 2009

We used 32P uptake kinetics as a means of assessing periods of P limitation to phytoplankton growth in an ultraoligotrophic lake. Tracer experiments, conducted biweekly and weekly in 1975 and 1976, respectively, yielded information regarding the availability of phosphorus over the sampling seasons. Analytical measurements of ambient phosphorus concentrations were not as informative as uptake kinetic data in the assessment of phosphorus demands in the lake. Whereas analytical methods identified probable periods of P limitation at the end of summer, radiophosphorus data indicated that P limitation was prevalent throughout most of the summer.
Water Quality Modifies Uptake of Waterborne Methylmercury by Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri
Authors: Rodgers D. W. , Beamish F. W. H.
Published: March 2009

We measured the efficiency of uptake of waterborne methylmercury relative to oxygen consumption for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, in hard or soft water and during exposure to sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride or zinc sulphate. The relative efficiency of methylmercury uptake in soft water was more than double that measured in hard water. When mercuric chloride was added with waterborne methylmercury, uptake efficiency was further increased, with similar values obtained in hard and soft water. In contrast, addition of zinc sulphate decreased the relative efficiency of methylmercury uptake. Water quality thus significantly affects the accumulation of waterborne methylmercury by fish. In particular, calcium-dependent changes in gill permeability may explain elevated methylmercury residues observed in fish from lakes of low alkalinity and pH.
A MATHEMATICAL THEORY FOR VIBRATIONAL LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH HYDROGEN BONDS II: THE NON-SYMMETRIC CASE
Authors: HAGEDORN GEORGE A. , JOYE ALAIN
Published: March 2009

We propose an alternative to the usual time-independent Born–Oppenheimer approximation that is specifically designed to describe molecules with non-symmetrical hydrogen bonds. In our approach, the masses of the hydrogen nuclei are scaled differently from those of the heavier nuclei, and we employ a specialized form for the electron energy level surface. As a result, the different vibrational modes appear at different orders of approximation.

Although we develop a general theory, our analysis is motivated by an examination of the FHCl- ion. We describe our results for it in detail.

We prove the existence of quasimodes and quasienergies for the nuclear vibrational and rotational motion to arbitrary order in the Born–Oppenheimer parameter ∊. When the electronic motion is also included, we provide simple formulas for the quasienergies up to order ∊3 that compare well with experiment and numerical results.
INTEGRATION OF COLOR AND MOTION FEATURES FOR VIDEO RETRIEVAL
Authors: CHEN LIANG-HUA , CHIN KUO-HAO , LIAO HONG-YUAN MARK
Published: March 2009

The usefulness of a video database depends on whether the video of interest can be easily located. In this paper, we propose a video retrieval algorithm based on the integration of several visual cues. In contrast to key-frame based representation of shot, our approach analyzes all frames within a shot to construct a compact representation of video shot. In the video matching step, by integrating the color and motion features, a similarity measure is defined to locate the occurrence of similar video clips in the database. Therefore, our approach is able to fully exploit the spatio-temporal information contained in video. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is effective and outperforms some existing technique.
GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE QUANTUM DAMPED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR II: SOME EXAMPLES
Authors: FUJII KAZUYUKI , SUZUKI TATSUO
Published: March 2009

In the preceding paper (arXiv: 0710.2724 [quant-ph]) we have constructed the general solution for the master equation of quantum damped harmonic oscillator, which is given by the complicated infinite series in the operator algebra level. In this paper we give the explicit and compact forms to solutions (density operators) for some initial values. In particular, the compact one for the initial value based on a coherent state is given, which has not been given as far as we know. Moreover, some related problems are presented.
ENGLIŠ EXPANSION FOR HARTOGS DOMAINS
Authors: LOI ANDREA , ZUDDAS FABIO
Published: March 2009

A 2-dimensional strongly pseudoconvex Hartogs domain DF can be equipped with a natural Kähler metric gF. In this paper we prove that if the second term of Engliš's expansion of Rawnsley's epsilon function is constant then (DF, gF) is holomorphically isometric to an open subset of the 2-dimensional complex hyperbolic space.
NONCOMMUTATIVE DESCRIPTION OF SPIN HALL EFFECT
Authors: JELLAL AHMED , HOUÇA RACHID
Published: March 2009

We propose an approach based on a generalized quantum mechanics to deal with the basic features of the intrinsic spin Hall effect. This can be done by considering two decoupled harmonic oscillators on the noncommutative plane and evaluating the spin Hall conductivity. Focusing on the high frequency regime, we obtain a diagonalized Hamiltonian. After getting the corresponding spectrum, we show that there is a Hall conductivity without an external magnetic field, which is noncommutativity parameter θ-dependent. This allows us to make contact with the spin Hall effect and also give different interpretations. Fixing θ, one can recover three different approaches dealing with the phenomenon.
ENTROPY OF SELF–GRAVITATING SYSTEMS FROM HOLST'S LAGRANGIAN
Authors: FATIBENE L. , FERRARIS M. , FRANCAVIGLIA M. , PACCHIELLA G.
Published: March 2009

We shall prove here that conservation laws from Holst's Lagrangian, often used in LQG, do not agree with the corresponding conservation laws in standard GR. Nevertheless, these differences vanish on-shell, i.e. along solutions, so that they eventually define the same classical conserved quantities. Accordingly, they define in particular the same entropy of solutions, and the standard law [Formula: see text] is reproduced for systems described by Holst's Lagrangian.

This provides the classical support to the computation usually done in LQG for the entropy of black holes which is in turn used to fix the Barbero–Immirzi parameter.
Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873): geologist and evangelical
Authors: Roberts Michael B.
Published: March 2009

Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873) was one of the leading British geologists, who did much work on the Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy. He was professor of geology at Cambridge and was an Anglican clergyman, later becoming Prebendary (Canon) of Peterborough. This paper considers his religious beliefs in relation to his geology, which, as he was an evangelical, centres on his and other people's interpretations of Genesis. Although he did not publish anything on Genesis, his understanding becomes clear from three interactions with fellow Anglican clergy. Two were acrimonious, one being with Henry Cole after the publication of
The Discourse
in 1833, and the other his controversy with Dean Cockburn of York at the British Association meeting in York in 1844. The third was his friendly correspondence with the evangelical Dean of Carlisle, Francis Close. This letter gave the longest statement of his ‘reconciliation’ of geology and Genesis.
Some nineteenth- and twentieth-century Australian geological clerics
Authors: Branagan David
Published: March 2009

Despite the wide diversity of beliefs, personalities and geological expertise of 10 ‘clerical geologists’ of varying Christian denominations who worked in Australia, mainly during the nineteenth century, there is little indication that they saw any contradiction between a belief in a divine being and the pursuit of geology. There was a continuity of these attitudes throughout the century, within the changing social and professional geological environment as Australia moved from being a set of independent colonies to a federation. Four of the ‘clerical geologists’, Johannes Menge, W. B. Clarke, J. E. Tenison Woods and Walter Howchin, made significant contributions to geological science, which deserve to be better known internationally.
Franz X. Mayr, the spiritual father of the Jura-Museum
Authors: Viohl Günter K.
Published: March 2009

Franz X. Mayr (1887–1974) was the spiritual father of the Jura-Museum. After studying science and completing a doctorate in botany he worked as a secondary school teacher. In 1921 he decided to become a priest. After a shortened study of theology he was ordained in 1923 and subsequently appointed professor of natural history at the College of Philosophy and Theology in Eichstätt. In this function he made an important contribution to the research into the Solnhofen lithographic limestone. By his collecting activities he created the basis of the Jura-Museum. Mayr was also a teacher of the general public through popular articles, lectures and field trips, and was a committed conservationist. The source of all his activities was his spirituality. Strongly influenced by scholasticism and idealistic morphology, Mayr was a moderate creationist assuming the direct intervention of God at least twice: at the genesis of life and of man. This very conservative belief does not correspond to the view of modern Catholic theology and is outdated especially considering the reflections of Karl Rahner.
Reverent and exemplary: ‘dinosaur man’ Friedrich von Huene (1875–1969)
Authors: Turner Susan
Published: March 2009

Friedrich Freiherr (Baron) Hoyningen, better known as von Huene, was a palaeontologist who made major contributions to vertebrate, especially amphibian and reptile, taxonomy. He was the dinosaur doyen of the Institute and Museum of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Tübingen, and an important figure in the German scientific community for seven decades. Unlike his peers, he was a pious evangelical Protestant whose life and research were strongly influenced by his beliefs, which were unusual for a scientist in the 20th century and even for most contemporary Christians, and which he maintained throughout his life. His body of scientific and religious work and his correspondence with colleagues such as Tilly Edinger and Richard Lull, and the self-taught vertebrate palaeontologist Heber A. Longman in Australia, give insights into and contrasts to his thinking, and throw light on scientific exchange in general as well as von Huene's philosophy, personal beliefs, hopes and dreams, and on how he coped with the Third Reich. Longman, a professed agnostic, was mentored by von Huene during his early work on vertebrate taxonomy at the Queensland Museum. Their relationship lasted more than 25 years, although they never met. Unlike other 20th-century ‘life’ scientists, von Huene's scientific work and career were affected by his religious philosophy.

Supplementary Material
: Huene bibliography is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/
SUP 18336.
James Buckman (1814–1884): the scientific career of an English Darwinian thwarted by religious prejudice
Authors: Torrens H. S.
Published: March 2009

Buckman first practised as a chemist. He joined the Botanical Society of London in 1837, and became a significant Cotswold naturalist, in botany and geology. He was elected Fellow of the Geological Society in 1842, when he was Honorary Secretary to the Cheltenham Literary and Philosophical Institution. In 1844 his brother Edwin went bankrupt and Buckman sought a new career. His amateur interests allowed him to become one of the first English professionals across natural science. He was appointed Secretary, Curator and Resident Lecturer to the Birmingham Philosophical Institution in 1846, then Professor of Geology, Botany and Zoology at the new Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester in 1848. Buckman here started botanical experiments to ‘solve the problem of the identity of species’ and read papers to the British Association from 1853. These yielded praise in Darwin's
Origin of Species
in 1859, and led to development of the ‘Student Parsnip’ in 1860.
Buckman's 1860
British Association report on his experiments, to the infamous Oxford meeting, supported evolution and the mutability of species. The Anglican Principal of the College found this distasteful and ordered the destruction of Buckman's Botanical Garden in spring 1862. Buckman's life provides a painful demonstration of the tribulations facing newly professional scientists in Victorian England. It also demonstrates the difficulties of then professing geology alone.
Geology and Genesis in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Italy: a preliminary assessment
Authors: Vaccari Ezio
Published: March 2009

During the second half of the nineteenth century and in the early years of the twentieth century the debate on the Darwinian evolutionary theory also involved the Italian scientific community. One of the lesser known results of the controversy there was the defence of creationism, often supported by the resort to the biblical Flood, in some Italian publications on geological sciences. The authors of such writings were naturalists and geologists, but also clerics and parish priests interested in the Earth sciences. They published a wide range of books, booklets and papers, particularly between 1870 and 1905. The aim of this paper is to analyse some interesting examples of this ‘submerged’ and heterogeneous literature, so as to understand the possible extent of its influence on the general public, as well as the level of integration between scientific knowledge, geological practice and reference to the Bible, during a period that is usually regarded as a time of separation between Genesis and geology.
The fossil proboscideans of Utica (Tunisia), a key to the ‘giant’ controversy, from Saint Augustine (424) to Peiresc (1632)
Authors: Godard Gaston
Published: March 2009

In his book
De Civitate Dei
(published about 424), Saint Augustine reported the discovery, on the shore of Utica (now Tunisia), of an enormous tooth, which he attributed to a giant. In Europe, this finding reinforced the myth of the past existence of giants on Earth, mentioned in the Bible. In 1630, new relicts of a so-called giant were found at Utica. Thomas d'Arcos, who lived in Tunis, described them and sent a tooth to the French scholar Peiresc, who demonstrated that it belonged to an elephant instead. Peiresc knew that he was contradicting Saint Augustine, but, while Galileo was under trial in Rome, he remained silent on this matter. Based on a sketch, the tooth can be attributed to an African elephant close to the present species
Loxodonta africana
or to the Pleistocene
L. africanava
. Peiresc also investigated other similar finds, particularly that of the so-called giant Theutobochus, discovered in 1613 at Montrigaud in France (in reality, a Miocene
Deinotherium giganteum
), and that of ‘giants’ in Sicily and Puglia (Italy). In each case, Peiresc attributed the relicts to the ‘grave of an elephant’ instead of a giant. However, his studies did not dispel the myth of giants, which persisted until the 18th century.
Adaptive Designs for Randomized Trials in Public Health
Authors: Brown C. Hendricks , Ten Have Thomas R. , Jo Booil , Dagne Getachew , Wyman Peter A. , Muthén Bengt , Gibbons Robert D.
Published: March 2009

In this article, we present a discussion of two general ways in which the traditional randomized trial can be modified or adapted in response to the data being collected. We use the term adaptive design to refer to a trial in which characteristics of the study itself, such as the proportion assigned to active intervention versus control, change during the trial in response to data being collected. The term adaptive sequence of trials refers to a decision-making process that fundamentally informs the conceptualization and conduct of each new trial with the results of previous trials. Our discussion below investigates the utility of these two types of adaptations for public health evaluations. Examples are provided to illustrate how adaptation can be used in practice. From these case studies, we discuss whether such evaluations can or should be analyzed as if they were formal randomized trials, and we discuss practical as well as ethical issues arising in the conduct of these new-generation trials.
The Delivery of Public Health Interventions via the Internet: Actualizing Their Potential
Authors: Bennett Gary G. , Glasgow Russell E.
Published: March 2009

The Internet increasingly serves as a platform for the delivery of public health interventions. The efficacy of Internet interventions has been demonstrated across a wide range of conditions. Much more work remains, however, to enhance the potential for broad population dissemination of Internet interventions. In this article, we examine the effectiveness of Internet interventions, with particular attention to their dissemination potential. We discuss several considerations (characterizing reach rates, minimizing attrition, promoting Web site utilization, use of tailored messaging and social networking) that may improve the implementation of Internet interventions and their associated outcomes. We review factors that may influence the adoption of Internet interventions in a range of potential dissemination settings. Finally, we present several recommendations for future research that highlight the potential importance of better understanding intervention reach, developing consensus regarding Web site usage metrics, and more broadly integrating Web 2.0 functionality.
Role for malic enzyme, pyruvate carboxylation, and mitochondrial malate import in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
Authors: Heart Emma , Cline Gary W. , Collis Leon P. , Pongratz Rebecca L. , Gray Joshua P. , Smith Peter J. S.
Published: March 2009

Pyruvate cycling has been implicated in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells. The operation of some pyruvate cycling pathways is proposed to necessitate malate export from the mitochondria and NADP+-dependent decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate by cytosolic malic enzyme (ME1). Evidence in favor of and against a role of ME1 in GSIS has been presented by others using small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of ME1. ME1 was also proposed to account for methyl succinate-stimulated insulin secretion (MSSIS), which has been hypothesized to occur via succinate entry into the mitochondria in exchange for malate and subsequent malate conversion to pyruvate. In contrast to rat, mouse β-cells lack ME1 activity, which was suggested to explain their lack of MSSIS. However, this hypothesis was not tested. In this report, we demonstrate that although adenoviral-mediated overexpression of ME1 greatly augments GSIS in rat insulinoma INS-1 832/13 cells, it does not restore MSSIS, nor does it significantly affect GSIS in mouse islets. The increase in GSIS following ME1 overexpression in INS-1 832/13 cells did not alter the ATP-to-ADP ratio but was accompanied by increases in malate and citrate levels. Increased malate and citrate levels were also observed after INS-1 832/13 cells were treated with the malate-permeable analog dimethyl malate. These data suggest that although ME1 overexpression augments anaplerosis and GSIS in INS-1 832/13 cells, it is not likely involved in MSSIS and GSIS in pancreatic islets.
Transgenic mutant D567G but not wild-type human FSH receptor overexpression provides FSH-independent and promiscuous glycoprotein hormone Sertoli cell signaling
Authors: Allan Charles M. , Lim Patrick , Robson Mathew , Spaliviero Jenny , Handelsman David J.
Published: March 2009

We have characterized the in vivo actions of human wild-type FSH receptor (FSHR) overexpressed in Sertoli cells of transgenic (Tg) mice ( TgFSHRwt) compared with transgenic overexpression of the human activated mutant FSHR*D567G ( TgFSHR*D567G). Testicular TgFSHRwt expression significantly elevated specific FSH binding (>2-fold, P < 0.01) relative to nontransgenic testes, similar to increased FSH binding in TgFSHR*D567G testes. Isolated TgFSHRwt Sertoli cells exhibited higher FSH-stimulated cAMP levels compared with non- Tg or TgFSHR*D567G cells but did not display the elevated FSH-independent basal cAMP levels found in TgFSHR*D567G Sertoli cells. Furthermore, Sertoli cell overexpression of TgFSHR*D567G but not TgFSHRwt allowed promiscuous cAMP responses to human chorionic gonadotropin (300 IU/ml) and TSH (30 mIU/ml), demonstrating increased constitutive signaling and altered glycoprotein hormone specificity via the intracellular D567G substitution rather than FSHR overexpression. Despite elevating Sertoli cell FSH sensitivity, overexpression of TgFSHRwt had no detectable effect upon normal testis function and did not stimulate Sertoli and germ cell development in testes of gonadotropin-deficient hypogonadal ( hpg) mice, in contrast to the increased meiotic and postmeiotic germ cell development in TgFSHR*D567G hpg testes. Increased steroidogenic potential of TgFSHR*D567G hpg testes was demonstrated by elevated Cyp11a1 and Star expression, which was not detected in TgFSHRwt hpg testes. Androgen-regulated and Sertoli cell-specific Rhox5 gene expression was increased in TgFSHR*D567G but not TgFSHRwt hpg testes, providing evidence of elevated LH-independent androgen activity due to mutant FSHR*D567G. Hence, transgenic FSHR overexpression in Sertoli cells revealed that the D567G mutation confers autonomous signaling and steroidogenic activity in vivo as well as promiscuous glycoprotein hormone receptor activation, independently of FSHR overexpression alone.