bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erratum to: Heavy quark jet fragmentation
Authors: Dai Lin , Kima Chul , Leibovich Adam K.
Published: December 2024

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2018)109
Carroll dilaton supergravity in two dimensions
Authors: Grumiller Daniel , Montecchio Luciano , Nejati Mohaddese Shams
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We construct and discuss generic $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Carroll dilaton supergravity in two dimensions. We apply our general results to the supersymmetric Carroll-Jackiw-Teitelboim model, including a discussion of specific boundary conditions. For $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Carroll dilaton supergravity, we find two versions, dubbed “democratic” and “despotic”.
Bouncing cosmology in 1+1 dimensions
Authors: Meir Hagar Ariela
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In this paper, I construct a bouncing cosmology by considering the backreaction of the winding condensate on a 1+1 dimensional cosmological model with a periodic spatial coordinate. I based my work on previous results that considered the backreaction of the winding condensate on a 1+1 dimensional Euclidean black hole. This cosmological model is obtained as an analytic continuation of a Euclidean black hole. I solved the equations and obtained non-singular solutions at near-Hagedorn temperatures, both numerically and analytically. To remain within the weak coupling regime, it is necessary to connect two solutions; otherwise, the dilaton, which determines the string coupling, would grow quadratically. This connection is achieved through a smooth coordinate transformation, ensuring the model’s validity. As a result, the model becomes geodesically complete and non-singular. The connection is made at a time in which the curvature is small, thereby avoiding higher-order α′ corrections.
The surprising structure of non-relativistic 11-dimensional supergravity
Authors: Bergshoeff Eric A. , Blair Chris D. A. , Lahnsteiner Johannes , Rosseel Jan
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We study a non-relativistic limit of 11-dimensional supergravity. This limit leads to a theory with an underlying membrane Newton-Cartan geometry. Consistency of the non-relativistic limit requires the imposition of constraints, requiring that certain bosonic and fermionic torsions and curvatures vanish. We investigate the implications of two versions of these constraints. In one version, we keep only 16 supersymmetry transformations, leading to a simple (purely bosonic) constraint structure but an unusual realisation of the supersymmetry algebra which does not close into diffeomorphisms. In the other, we keep all 32 supersymmetry transformations. This requires a complicated sequence of bosonic and fermionic constraints, eventually involving three derivatives of bosonic fields. We argue, with a linearised calculation, that this sequence of constraints terminates. Furthermore, we show that there exists a family of supersymmetric solutions satisfying these constraints, containing the non-relativistic limit of the M2 supergravity solution recently obtained by Lambert and Smith as a background relevant for non-relativistic holography.
Non-perturbative de Sitter Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Cotler Jordan , Jensen Kristan
Published: December 2024

Abstract

With non-perturbative de Sitter gravity and holography in mind, we deduce the genus expansion of de Sitter Jackiw-Teitelboim (dS JT) gravity. We find that this simple model of quantum cosmology has an effective string coupling which is pure imaginary. This imaginary coupling gives rise to alternating signs in the genus expansion of the dS JT S-matrix, which as a result appears to be Borel-Le Roy resummable. Furthermore dS JT gravity is formally an analytic continuation of AdS JT gravity, and behaves like a matrix integral with a negative number of degrees of freedom.
Thermal one-point functions and their partial wave decomposition
Authors: Burić Ilija , Russo Francesco , Schomerus Volker , Vichi Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In this work we address partial wave decompositions of thermal one-point functions in conformal field theories on S1 × Sd−1. With the help of Casimir differential equations we develop efficient algorithms to compute the relevant conformal blocks for an external field of arbitrary spin and with any spin exchange along the thermal circle, at least in three dimensions. This is achieved by identifying solutions to the Casimir equations with a special class of spherical functions in the harmonic analysis of the conformal group. The resulting blocks are then applied to study the decomposition of one-point functions of the scalar ϕ2 and the stress tensor T for a three-dimensional free scalar field ϕ. We are able to read off averaged OPE coefficients into exchanged fields of high weight and spin for a complete set of tensor structures. We also extract an asymptotic behaviour of conformal blocks and use it to analyse the density of heavy-heavy-light OPE coefficients for spinning operators, comparing it with semi-classical predictions, such as the dimensions of operators at large charge.
Gluon to $$ \textrm{q}\overline{\textrm{q}} $$ antenna in anisotropic QCD matter: spin-polarized and azimuthal jet observables
Authors: Barata João , Salgado Carlos A. , Silva João M.
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We study the production of a quark-antiquark antenna in the presence of a dense and anisotropic QCD medium. We assume the antenna to originate from an unpolarized gluon state, and consider both massless and massive final states. The medium anisotropy is captured by allowing the jet quenching coefficient to take different magnitudes in orthogonal directions with respect to the jet axis. We find that the final particle distribution is sensitive to the medium anisotropy, and more importantly, that this effect couples directly to the helicity/spin of the final states. We propose to look into these effects by performing a Fourier decomposition of the particle distribution inside the jet. In our medium model, we find that the spin independent terms contribute to the even harmonics of the cosine series. The helicity/spin dependence enters only through the sine Fourier series. We further explore the spin dependence by examining the degree of polarization of the final states in different directions. Our results indicate that the anisotropies present in the QCD matter produced in heavy ion collisions can be probed by studying azimuthal and spin observables inside jets.
Comparative effectiveness of kilo- and megavoltage energies in low-dose radiotherapy for painful degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Aram , Kwon Jeanny , Kim Ji Young , Kim Byoung Hyuck
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the impact of different energy levels on the effectiveness of low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) for treating painful degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, as comparative efficacy data are currently lacking.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify studies with response information on the energy used (kilovoltage [kV] vs. megavoltage [MV]). The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoint was the complete response rate (CRR). Exploratory subgroup analyses included treatment site, study period, study design, country, and dose per fraction.

Results

A total of 33 studies involving 12,143 patients were analyzed. Short-term follow-up (up to 6 months) showed a pooled ORR of 64% (95% CI 46–78%) for kV and of 62% (95% CI 54–70%) for MV. Long-term follow-up (at least 12 months) revealed a pooled ORR of 85% (95% CI 65–95%) for kV and of 69% (95% CI 62–75%) for MV. Subgroup analysis indicated no significant differences in ORR for energy level stratified by treatment site and other factors. Regarding dose per fraction (0.5 Gy vs. 1.0 Gy), comparable ORRs were demonstrated between the two energies. No clinical side effects were noted.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that the known effectiveness of LDRT in painful degenerative musculoskeletal disease may not depend on the energy used. Additional studies using standardized evaluation methods are warranted to establish consistency and enhance the comprehensiveness of research. Further research is also needed to explore treatment modality selection considering disease-specific biology.
Does a carboxamide moiety alter the toxicokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids? A study after pulmonary and intravenous administration of cumyl-5F-P7AICA to pigs
Authors: Walle Nadja , Dings Christiane , Zaher Omar , Doerr Adrian A. , Peters Benjamin , Laschke Matthias W. , Lehr Thorsten , Menger Michael D. , Schmidt Peter H. , Meyer Markus R. , Schaefer Nadine
Published: December 2024

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are consumed as an alternative to cannabis. Novel compounds are developed by minor modifications in their chemical structure, e.g. insertion of a carboxamide moiety as a linker, which can potentially lead to altered toxicokinetics (TK). Knowledge on the TK data of SCs, especially structural modified substances, is scarce. Hence, interpretation of toxicological results is challenging. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the TK of cumyl-5F-P7AICA in a pig model, which was shown to be suitable for TK studies of SCs. A 200 µg/kg body weight dose of cumyl-5F-P7AICA was administered intravenously (n = 6) or inhalatively (n = 10) via an ultrasonic nebulizer to pigs. Blood specimens were repeatedly drawn over 6 h and the concentrations of cumyl-5F-P7AICA as well as its N-pentanoic acid (NPA) metabolite were determined using a fully validated LC–MS/MS method. Based on the concentration–time profiles, a population TK analysis yielded a three-compartment model for the TK of cumyl-5F-P7AICA, whilst a two-compartment model described the NPA best. The incorporation of transit compartments accounts for the time delay between the appearance of cumyl-5F-P7AICA and NPA in serum. Finally, the model was upscaled to humans using allometric scaling. In comparison to older SCs, a higher volume of distribution was determined for cumyl-5F-P7AICA. No further relevant differences of the TK properties were observed. Insertion of a carboxamide moiety into the chemical structure of SCs does not appear to have only minor influence on the TK.
The vanishing limit of a rigid body in three-dimensional viscous incompressible fluid
Authors: He Jiao , Su Pei
Published: December 2024

We consider the evolution of a small rigid body in an incompressible viscous fluid filling the whole space $${{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

R

3

. When the small rigid body shrinks to a “massless” point in the sense that its density is constant, we prove that the solution of the fluid-rigid body system converges to a solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in the full space. Based on some $$L^p-L^q$$

L
p

-

L
q

estimates of the fluid–structure semigroup and a fixed point argument, we obtain a uniform estimate of velocity of the rigid body. This allows us to construct admissible test functions which plays a key role in the procedure of passing to the limit.
Practical considerations in the establishment of psychedelic research programs
Authors: Barnett Brian S. , Vest M. Frances , Delatte Marcus S. , King IV Franklin , Mauney Erin E. , Coulson Anthony J. , Nayak Sandeep M. , Hendricks Peter S. , Greer George R. , Murnane Kevin S.
Published: December 2024

Rationale

There is increasing interest in establishing psychedelic research programs at academic medical centers. However, psychedelics are intensely psychoactive, carry considerable sociopolitical baggage, and most are Schedule I drugs, creating significant potential impediments to implementation. There is little formal guidance for investigators on navigating the complex on-the-ground obstacles associated with establishing psychedelic research programs.

Objectives

This article provides recommendations that may be helpful to investigators seeking to work with psychedelics, with a focus on academic medical centers in the United States.

Methods

The academic literature on relevant matters is reviewed, and the authors provide observations from their experiences either working for relevant regulatory agencies or conducting basic science studies, investigator-initiated trials, or industry sponsored trials with psychedelics.

Results

Investigators planning to conduct psychedelic research should cultivate broad institutional support early. Challenges related to securing funding, obtaining approval for an Investigational New Drug application from the Food and Drug Administration, clinical grade drug sourcing, obtaining a Schedule I researcher registration from the Drug Enforcement Administration and an equivalent state license (if required), preparing spaces for treatment and study drug storage, managing controlled substance inventory, engaging the local community, and other issues should be anticipated.

Conclusions

Investigators should anticipate several implementation challenges when planning to work with psychedelics. However, these are likely surmountable with planning, persistence, and assistance from colleagues and other experts.
Lionfish (Pterois volitans) do not show directional preferences for ambient underwater soundscapes during diurnal hours
Authors: Holmes Roxanne B , Hamilton Nadia M. , Simpson Stephen D. , Herbert-Read James E.
Published: December 2024

Sound is a valuable cue in the marine environment that can inform animals about habitat location and community composition. Indeed, sound is often used for orientation and navigation by larval reef fishes during settlement. However, despite sound’s role in the early life of reef fishes, whether post-settlement reef fishes use ambient soundscapes to inform their movement decisions remains less clear. In an in-situ playback experiment in Curaçao, the Dutch Caribbean, settled individuals of an invasive predator, the Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans), showed no preference to move towards the playbacks of two different habitat types during daylight hours. In particular, lionfish did not prefer to move towards the sounds of sandy or reef habitat playbacks when tested against a silent control. Moreover, when given a choice between simultaneous sandy and reef habitat playbacks, lionfish showed no preference for the soundscape of either habitat type. While the activity of lionfish was strongly correlated with their body size, with larger fish being more active, activity was not affected by habitat playback, nor did body size affect their preference for the soundscapes of either habitat type. While acoustic lures have been speculated to be a promising addition to existing lionfish trap designs, daytime playbacks of ambient soundscapes are unlikely to be successful in attracting lionfish post-settlement, ultimately affecting their efficacy.
A new modeling approach for denitrification taking internal chemical gradients into account
Authors: Schulze Johannes , Zawallich Jan , Ippisch Olaf
Published: December 2024

In this paper a new modeling approach for denitrification and similar processes, which depend on the geochemical gradient between the air-filled larger pores in a soil and a water-filled matrix, is presented. The new modeling approach is capable of taking soil structural properties (obtained e.g. from X-ray CT) into account without requiring a high-resolution simulation. The model approach is explained and its application is demonstrated by simulating denitrification experiments conducted with repacked soil samples to assess the challenges and possibilities of the new approach. The main result of the modeling is that the nitrous oxide emission measured in the experiment can not be explained by a limited supply with oxygen alone at a carbon turnover rate derived from carbon dioxide emissions. It is additionally necessary that the microbial activity is concentrated in localized hot spots to create anaerobic conditions. This is confirmed by analytical solutions.
Occupational psychosocial stressors and ergonomic strain during pregnancy and sex-specific risk of childhood asthma
Authors: Dornfeldt Mette Møller , Tøttenborg Sandra Søgaard , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Begtrup Luise Mølenberg , Madsen Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Sejbaek Camilla Sandal
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Previous studies have indicated that maternal occupational psychosocial stressors may affect the risk of asthma in the offspring, but their results are inconsistent. Maternal occupational ergonomic strain is associated with predictors of fetal lung development, including preterm birth and low birthweight; however, it is not known, whether ergonomic strain during pregnancy is a risk factor for asthma in offspring. The aim was to investigate maternal psychosocial stressors and ergonomic strain during pregnancy relative to the risk of offspring asthma.

Methods

Live- and firstborn singletons (1996–2018) and their mothers were identified from Danish nationwide registers. Job code at time of conception was assigned to each mother and linked with exposure estimates from job exposure matrices (JEMs) of psychosocial stressors and ergonomic strain. Diagnoses of childhood asthma were retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of asthma were estimated using Poisson regression; adjusted for maternal asthma, age at conception, socioeconomic position, and body mass index, and calendar year.

Results

Maternal employment in occupations with low decision authority (IRR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16) and high ergonomic strain (IRR: 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16) was associated with increased risk of asthma among male offspring. Largely similar, but less consistent, associations were observed among female offspring due to low decision authority.

Conclusion

We found a minor increased risk of asthma among offspring whose mothers worked in an occupation with low decision authority or high ergonomic strain, most pronounced among male offspring.
Uterine sarcoma with KAT6B/A::KANSL1 fusion: a molecular and clinicopathological study on 9 cases
Authors: Dundr Pavel , Dvořák Jiří , Krausová Michaela , Hojný Jan , Hájková Nikola , Stružinská Ivana , Němejcová Kristýna , Ondič Ondřej , Michal Michael , Michalová Květoslava , Berjón Alberto , Jedryka Marcin , Książek Mariusz , Poprawski Tymoteusz , Ryś Janusz , Volodko Nataliya , Zapardiel Ignacio , Zima Tomáš , Cibula David , Poncová Renata , Matěj Radoslav , Kendall Bártů Michaela
Published: December 2024

Uterine sarcomas with KAT6B/A::KANSL1 fusion represent a new entity characterized by bland morphology, commonly with hybrid features of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) and tumors with smooth muscle differentiation. In our study, we performed a detailed morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of 9 cases of these tumors. Six of those had been originally diagnosed as LG-ESS, one as leiomyoma, one as leiomyosarcoma, and the remaining case as sarcoma with the KAT6B/A::KANSL1 fusion. Seven cases showed overlapping features between endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumors, one case resembled cellular leiomyoma, and one case resembled high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumors showed a common expression of smooth muscle markers and endometrial stromal markers. Molecular findings showed the KAT6B/A::KANSL1 fusion in all cases (by NGS and FISH). In addition, mutations affecting genes such as TP53, PDGFRB, NF1, RB1, PTEN, ATM, RB1, FANCD2, and TSC1 were present in all 5 cases with aggressive behavior. One patient with no evidence of disease showed no additional mutations, while another harbored a mutation of a single gene (ERCC3). Of the 8 patients with available follow-up, two died of disease, 3 are currently alive with disease, and 3 have no evidence of disease. The correct recognition of tumors with the KAT6B/A::KANSL1 fusion is essential because despite the bland morphological features of most cases, these tumors have a propensity for aggressive behavior.
Preferences of melanoma patients to accept adjuvant therapy and toxicity – a qualitative substudy of the GerMelaTox-A project
Authors: Janke Toni Maria , Moysig Laura , Blome Christine , Kähler Katharina C.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Targeted treatment and immunotherapy, both adjuvant treatment options, come with a certain toxicity and can cause severe side effects. To date, data about the underlying reasons for patients to accept or reject specific types of adjuvant therapy is scarce. Therefore, this study investigates the motives of melanoma patients for tolerating or rejecting adjuvant therapy and its side effects.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with a subsample of patients to investigate the underlying reasons for treatment decisions in a quantitative treatment-trade off study. Categorisation was conducted using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The 17 participants had a mean age of 55.5 years and 12 were female. The final category system covered three clusters. The cluster “type of therapy and therapy process” described therapy-related aspects that affect acceptability of adjuvant treatments. Prospect of treatment benefit and side effects were important aspects. Route of administration and physician visits should be convenient. The cluster “way of living” described the influence that activities and circumstances of life organisation have on acceptability. Participants wished treatment to affect everyday life as little as possible. Maintaining sufficient quality of life was mentioned to be crucial. The cluster “emotions and feelings” described optimism and hope but also mental strain originating from possible treatment options.

Conclusion

Patients in our study indicate high willingness to undergo adjuvant therapy, even when facing toxicity. The evaluation of potential side effects and prospects of treatment benefit is highly individual. Therefore, it is important to consider personal patient preferences to make appropriate and shared decision-making.
Phase transition in porous materials: effects of material parameters and deformation regime on mass conservativity
Authors: Brodbeck Maximilian , Suditsch Marlon , Seyedpour Seyed Morteza , Ricken Tim
Published: December 2024

Phase transition in porous materials is relevant within different engineering applications, such as freezing in saturated soil or pancake sea ice. Mathematical descriptions of such processes can be derived based on Biot’s consolidation theory or the Theory of Porous Media. Depending on parameters such as density ratio, permeability or compressibility of the solid matrix, either small or finite deformations occur. Numerical solution procedures for the general, finite deformation case, suffers from instabilities and high computational costs. Simplifications, assuming small deformations, increases stability and computational efficiency. Within this work shortcomings of simplified theories based on Biot and linearisations of the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) are systematically studied. In order to determine the interaction of the different model parameters a non-dimensional model for poro-elasticity is presented. Based on a characteristic test-case including phase-transition and consolidation, the simplified models are compared to the fully non-linear TPM, focusing on mass errors as well as the time behaviour of the solution. Taking further into account the efficiency of discretisation based on different primal variables and finite-element-spaces, a guideline for selecting an appropriate combination of model, kinematic assumption and discretisation scheme is presented.
Hyper-personalized employment in urban hubs: multimodal fusion architectures for personality-based job matching
Authors: Jain Dipika , Sangwan Saurabh Raj , Kumar Akshi
Published: December 2024

In the evolving landscape of smart cities, employment strategies have been steering towards a more personalized approach, aiming to enhance job satisfaction and boost economic efficiency. This paper explores an advanced solution by integrating multimodal deep learning to create a hyper-personalized job matching system based on individual personality traits. We employed the First Impressions V2 dataset, a comprehensive collection encompassing various data modalities suitable for extracting personality insights. Among various architectures tested, the fusion of XceptionResNet with BERT emerged as the most promising, delivering unparalleled results. The combined model achieved an accuracy of 92.12%, an R2 score of 54.49%, a mean squared error of 0.0098, and a root mean squared error of 0.0992. These empirical findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the XceptionResNet + BERT in mapping personality traits, paving the way for an innovative, and efficient approach to job matching in urban environments. This work has the potential to revolutionize recruitment strategies in smart cities, ensuring placements that are not only skill-aligned but also personality-congruent, optimizing both individual satisfaction and organizational productivity. A set of theoretical case studies in technology, banking, healthcare, and retail sectors within smart cities illustrate how the model could optimize both individual satisfaction and organizational productivity.
Swallowing function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy before and after the introduction of new gene-based therapies: what has changed?
Authors: Ruggiero Marta , Giannotta Gabriele , Pirani Greta , Saponaro Federica , Oliva Maria Carmela , Ferrante Camilla , Trabacca Antonio
Published: December 2024

objective

Individuals diagnosed with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), particularly those presenting with the most severe phenotypes, have long contended with significant swallowing dysfunction. The recent emergence of efficacious advanced therapy has fundamentally altered the landscape of SMA management. By encompassing both the pre and post gene-based therapy eras within our analysis, we endeavour to elucidate the potential impact of these novel therapeutic interventions on this function.

Methods

Following the established methodology outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute, a scoping review was conducted. This review encompassed relevant literature published up to March 2024. Two electronic databases were searched, with additional studies identified by reviewing reference lists of pertinent articles. The search strategy employed a combination of keywords including “spinal muscular atrophy”, “SMA”, “swallowing”, “feeding”, and “nutrition”. Articles were initially screened based on title and abstract, followed by a full-text review of eligible studies published in peer-reviewed English language journals.

Results

The initial database search resulted in 462 articles, from which 23 studies were ultimately selected for analysis. Pre gene-based therapy studies revealed swallowing dysfunction as a prominent feature. Patients frequently reported challenges with chewing, choking on solids and liquids, and abnormal tongue movements during eating. Early dysphagia research relied on subjective measures (questionnaires, scales). objective measures like video fluoroscopic (VFSS) were rare. After gene-based therapies (GBTs), VFSS became the dominant, more objective method. Studies investigating the post-gene therapy era suggest potential clinical benefits, with trends towards improvement or stabilization of swallowing function.

Conclusion

Pre gene-based therapy studies revealed widespread swallowing dysfunction in SMA. Conversely, the post-treatment era suggests potential improvement. Future research should prioritize identifying optimal therapies for individual swallowing function and develop validated assessments to optimize SMA management.
Evaluating Liturgical Engagement With Psalms of Lament: Reading Psalm 74 Through the Lenses of Feeling and Thinking
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Holdsworth John , Village Andrew
Published: December 2024

Recent trends in biblical scholarship that have generated new interest in the book of Psalms and in the voice of lamentation may in turn present new opportunities for the liturgical use of psalms of lament. Drawing on the SIFT approach to biblical hermeneutics, the present study tested the ways in which feeling types and thinking types may evaluate Psalm 74 differently. The data demonstrated that feeling types and thinking types approach a psalm of lament in quite different ways. For thinking types, this is a satisfying intellectual exercise. They are caught up by the theological questions raised and fascinated by the capacity of the human mind to challenge God to keep God’s side of the covenantal agreement with the people. For feeling types, this is a journey of the heart as they identify with the protagonists rehearsing the source and cause of their pain. Preachers and liturgists need to be aware of this contrast.
Business angel groups as collective action: an examination of the due diligence process
Authors: Arundale Keith , Mason Colin
Published: December 2024

With the emergence of business angel groups, angel investing is increasingly an activity that is based on collective action. However, our understanding of the investment process of business angels is largely based on studies of angels who invest independently. This paper investigates the collective action practices of one UK business angel group – Henley Business Angels. We examine how the due diligence process is undertaken. This stage involves the verification of the information in the pitch and business plan and underpins the decision whether or not to make an investment. This stage in the investment process has attracted limited attention by researchers. We find that there is a lack of rigour in the due diligence that angels undertake. Further, the process involves limited collective action. Group members largely act on their own behalf in carrying out due diligence, generally investigating areas of interest or concern independently of other members. However, members typically do share and discuss information gleaned from their own due diligence process with other members in the group. Some members will also accept the due diligence of other members if it is outside of their own area of expertise or if they do not have the time to carry out the due diligence themselves.
Laser-Assisted Surface Modification of TRIP Steels: Chemical and Microstructural Evolution, Residual Stresses, and Micromechanical Properties
Authors: Riu-Perdrix G. , Slawik S. , Gavalda-Diaz O. , Travieso-Rodriguez J. A. , Fargas G. , Mateo Antonio , Mücklich F. , Roa J. J.
Published: December 2024

The use of new lightweight design strategies is implemented in the automotive industry, for applications where high friction forces are present and lubrication systems need to be implemented. Micro-topography modification through laser texturing is an advantageous manufacturing technique that is currently being used by the industry. Combining both ideas, this manuscript aims to analyze the effect of surface modification laser-texturing process on a TRansformation-Induced Plasticity steel. Residual stresses, superficial chemistry, microstructure, and mechanical properties at the submicrometric length scale are investigated. Results show that the intensity and the number of pulses strongly modify the pattern geometry. Also, the pattern distance affects the residual stress state, changing from tensile to compressive stresses for distances higher than 20 µm. Chemical and microstructural changes at the vicinity of the laser may be associated to the fast cooling of the sublimated material around the pattern induced during the laser-assisted surface modification thermal process. Furthermore, the hardness remains stable, and no changes are evident in the bulk material. However, a hardness reduction of around 95 pct in the austenitic value is evident in the pile-up zone around the laser pattern due to (1) the microporosity and defects confined inside the pile-up region and (2) due to the residual chemical composition created during the solidification process, which is rich in iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese and poor in oxygen.
Analysis of Different Commercial Solid Fluxes Used During the Rotary Degassing Melt Treatment of Casting Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Gyarmati Gábor , Pálóczi Ádám , Somfai Dorottya , Ferenczi Tibor , Mende Tamás , Kéri Zoltán
Published: December 2024

This work aimed to get a better understanding of the behavior and melt cleaning efficiency of different commercial solid fluxes used in the foundry industry for the treatment of liquid aluminum alloys. This was realized by combining industrial melt treatment experiments with the application of characterization techniques that can provide information about the phase composition and thermal stability of different fluxes. Rotary degassing treatments coupled with flux addition using 5 different commercial fluxes were conducted on batches of EN AC-46000 alloy (AlSi9Cu3(Fe)) melt. The melt quality was assessed by the Qualiflash technique and Bifilm-Index (BI) analysis of reduced pressure test (RPT) samples. The phase composition and thermal behavior of the fluxes were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), respectively. Among the 5 fluxes, two had a rather similar phase composition with the main constituents being NaCl, KCl, CaF2, MgF2, Na2CO3·NaHCO·3H2O, Na2SO4, and K2SiF6. These two fluxes, which contain a relatively high amount of fluoride components (about 11mol pct), and had a melting temperature below 600 °C, proved to be the most efficient in improving the melt quality. The Quality Temperature Index (QTI) values and normalized Bifilm-Index (NBI) results of the RPT samples generally showed a similar tendency, but there was only a loose relationship between the two parameters. Discrepancies between the results of different melt quality evaluation techniques can be traced back to their sensitivity to melt quality changes.
Advancing Type 2 Diabetes Prevention through Text-Messaging Interventions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Formagini Taynara , Gonzalez Christopher J. , Dias Julie , Arredondo Elva M. , Hekler Eric , O’Brien Matthew J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review

Text-messaging interventions effectively prevent and manage numerous health conditions. This scoping review evaluates recent literature on text-messaging interventions focused on diabetes prevention, highlighting their development, associated outcomes, reach, and potential sustainability.

Recent Findings

A total of 28 studies met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Text-messaging was often used as a primary intervention method, focusing on promoting weight loss through physical activity and dietary changes. Studies also explored hybrid approaches integrating text-messaging with in-person sessions or other digital platforms. Intervention development involved multi-phase content creation, often leveraging established diabetes prevention curricula. Studies generally reported high feasibility and acceptability, although effectiveness was mixed. Cost-effectiveness comparisons favored text-messaging over traditional in-person programs. Implementation strategies aligned interventions with existing healthcare workflows, facilitating scalability and integration into routine care practices.

Text-messaging interventions demonstrate considerable promise but require further refinement to ensure their effectiveness, particularly in enhancing participant engagement to ensure effectiveness and sustainability. Future research should focus on refining intervention content, integrating interactive features, and expanding cost-effectiveness evaluations to support broader implementation in real-world settings.
Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN), Globodera Rostochiensis and G. Pallida as a New Challenging Problem of Potato Production in Africa
Authors: Onditi John O. , Whitworth Jonathan L.
Published: December 2024

Potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida have been highlighted as new challenging problems of potato production in Africa. This review traces the emergence and current status of PCN as a problem of potato production and available PCN management options for Africa. The review revealed G. rostochiensis as the most widespread PCN species reported in eight countries as compared to G. pallida only found in four countries. G. rostochiensis Ro1/4 and G. pallida Pa/2/3 were the only PCN pathotypes that have been reported in Africa. Different PCN control strategies which have been tested and recommended as suitable for managing PCN in Africa are reviewed. We recommend expanding PCN surveillance to other potato producing African countries, targeting PCN management based on the most widespread PCN species/pathotypes in Africa and integrated management using locally tested and available PCN control strategies.
Air-Able: Fabrication and Experiments of Effervescent Fabric Chamber Inflation with Various Shape of Structures and Wearables
Authors: Chun Sanghu , Park Yong-Jai
Published: December 2024

A rigid system can support a huge amount of matter, but when it comes to human matter, although it can be served as a frame, or mechanism, etc., it only provides “rigid” solutions. Since the human body is made of curved surfaces that are challenging to track and adapt, “softer” methods should be applied. Herein, Air-able; an inflatable system based on variable stiffness methods is proposed. Air-able is inspired by research on inflatable structures with an air chamber. Previous research has shown the potential for various chamber shapes, demonstrating that even a chamber filled with air can withstand a certain level of weight, though not as much as a rigid system can. Since Air-able uses a fabric air chamber, it can be fabricated into many types of chambers, such as support structures and improvised splints due to the variety of fabrics and their combinations. It is also designed to minimize application areas so the pressure inside can effectively concentrate. This study suggests one more issue: tethering. When a system is tethered with electrical codes, or pipelines that deliver power, its movement or range of motion is limited. From past studies, air chambers are very light because they are made of materials like plastics and fabrics. The problem is; however, most chambers are tethered to a pump system applying pressure inside. The pump system produces higher pressure, so it helps increase the stiffness of air chambers, at the same time it makes chambers dependent on it. In this study, an effervescent effect is used to inflate Air-able chambers. Effervescence via the reaction of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate forms gas bubbles of carbon dioxide and makes inflation of the chamber. And small amounts of water can accelerate reactions. To secure the usability of Air-able, those effervescent reactants are made into a tablet form including extra compounds which aid manufacturing process. Furthermore, a wearable interface is devised so the user can recharge and control Air-able; integration of fabric air chamber and effervescent tablet reaction using water. Air-able is light, untethered, and rechargeable air chamber inflation methods only produce carbonated water as byproduct. Future studies will focus on improving its design and performance.
Use of electrical resistivity tomography to reduce landfill siting risks in the south-central kentucky karst
Authors: May Michael T. , Brackman Thomas B. , May Elizabeth C. , Edwards W. Trenton
Published: December 2024

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) can be a key tool for aiding in characterization of karst geohazard risks at proposed landfill sites. This study is proximal to the south-central Kentucky karst and Mammoth Cave National Park and possesses siliciclastic cap rock upland areas that pose relatively high groundwater-contamination risks due to adjacent ravines floored by carbonates. Complex stratigraphy associated with the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity and juxtaposition of heterolithic sedimentary rocks in general presents further challenges for demarcating hydrogeological characterization of the base of engineered landfills. A conceptual site model integrates ERT surveying and field geology that both satisfactorily characterize the site and risks to groundwater resources without conducting multiple borings. The proposed landfill site is compared to well-known and mapped caves at a landfill near Bowling Green, Crumps Cave near Smiths Grove, and River Styx Spring at Mammoth Cave. Our work entails review of ERT datasets at known cave sites and compares these to two ERT profiles that traversed the proposed landfill site, which are integrated with study of outcrops, and an excavated pit and trench. ERT data range from several low 10 s to about 400 Ω-meter values for mud rock units whereas sandy units possess ERT values from approximately 500 to several tens of thousands of Ω meters. The greatest values are indicative of basal Pennsylvanian Caseyville Sandstone, and these exceed 32,000Ω meters. In comparison, ERT values at known cave sites range from one to 100,000 Ω meters, with elevated, dry rock or possibly dry (air filled) caves interpreted from the greatest values and low values reflective of conductive underground cave streams and moist caves. An unexpected challenge specific to the Hart County landfill study includes occurrence of well-drained and highly weathered Caseyville at the highest elevations of the site causing increased electrical contact resistance during ERT surveying. The overall ERT contrast however, between quartz-rich and clay poor strata (high-resistivity rocks and regolith) and clay-rich strata (low-resistivity rocks) provides independent data consistent with the observed stratigraphy exposed in site exposures. Nonuniqueness of conductive intervals at the Hart County site contrasts with other conductive areas at depth associated with moist or wet cave passages as documented at Crumps Cave and Mammoth Cave.
The quantum gravity seeds for laws of nature
Authors: Lam Vincent , Oriti Daniele
Published: December 2024

We discuss the challenges that the standard (Humean and non-Humean) accounts of laws face within the framework of quantum gravity where space and time may not be fundamental. This paper identifies core (meta)physical features that cut across a number of quantum gravity approaches and formalisms and that provide seeds for articulating updated conceptions that could account for QG laws not involving any spatio-temporal notions. To this aim, we will in particular highlight the constitutive roles of quantum entanglement, quantum transition amplitudes and quantum causal histories. These features also stress the fruitful overlap between quantum gravity and quantum information theory.
Quality range of ENplus A1 certified wood pellets and their combustion behavior in residential pellet stoves and pellet boilers
Authors: Mack Robert , Schön Claudia , Kuptz Daniel , Hartmann Hans , Brunner Thomas , Obernberger Ingwald , Behr Hans Martin
Published: December 2024

Use of wood pellets is continuously increasing in Europe, and most of them carry the ENplus A1 label. In this research, 28 assortments of such A1-labeled wood pellets were collected from the fuel market and were comprehensively analyzed and combusted in two residential pellet stoves; up to 8 pellet assortments were also combusted in two residential pellet boilers. Correlation analyses have been carried out, including the results from 31 additional pellet assortments from an own pelleting process where specifically tailored pellet characteristics were produced using different wood species. In particular, the effects of pellet length, moisture content, fines content, raw material preparation, additives, and wood species were investigated to identify the dependencies between the investigated fuel parameters and pollutant emissions. The most important parameters influencing pollutant emissions especially from domestic pellet stoves were identified as the potassium content of the fuel, the hardwood content, the carbonate content of the fuel ash, the Si/K molar ratio, and the energy density. Total particulate matter (TPM) emissions ranged from 45 to 246 mg/m3 for pellet stove 1, whereas for pellet stove 2, TPM emissions from 23 to 58 mg/m3 have been observed. Not the same pellets performed best or worst in both pellet stoves. Overall, the current state of the art stoves showed a greater response to variations in pellet quality compared with boilers, and improvements in pellet stove technology and control are recommended.
Inoculation of Fraxinus excelsior seedlings with bacterial strains to enhance the tolerance against ash dieback
Authors: Burghard Valentin , Wende Sonja , Schneck Volker , Ulrich Andreas
Published: December 2024

Since ash dieback has been recognized as a major threat to Fraxinus excelsior, multiple lines of research have focused on potential management to mitigate this disease. One area of focus has been the microbiome of the trees and the application of biocontrol agents (BCAs). In this study, we aimed to find suitable BCAs that can help control Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and the resulting ash dieback. Therefore, we studied the health of ash seedlings under nursery conditions via inoculation with beneficial bacterial isolates and consortia to suppress the pathogen. By using offspring of two tolerant ash trees, we aimed to optimize this via synergistic effects. We found that Schauerella fraxinea B3P038 and Luteimonas fraxinea D4P002 lowered the symptoms of ash dieback. Using strain-specific qPCR assays, only the persistence of Aureimonas altamirensis C2P003 could be proven in the inoculated ash seedlings. Similarly, the fungal pathogen was also unable to infect the plants during the summer months. In addition, we were able to show that the inoculated bacterial strains influenced the microbiome, even without persisting on the plants. These results are encouraging, as positive effects can be taken from the greenhouse to the field and further studies should follow up on the B3P038, C2P003 and D4P002 strains. However, under field conditions, a strong variation in the effects must be considered. This strongly suggests that in addition to plant scoring, monitoring inoculation success as well as pathogen abundance is necessary.
Advancements in nanocarbon-based catalysts for enhanced fuel cell performance: a comprehensive review
Authors: Agrawal P. , Ebrahim S. , Ponnamma D.
Published: December 2024

Fuel cells hold great promise as a clean energy technology, yet challenges such as material compatibility, manufacturing costs, and durability issues, particularly with noble metal-based electrocatalysts like platinum (Pt), hinder their widespread adoption. This review explores strategies to enhance fuel cell performance while minimizing costs, focusing on developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts supported by nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon films, and their composites. The investigation delves into how these catalysts supports improve activity and stability, leading to superior fuel cell performance characterized by higher current density and enhanced durability compared to conventional Pt/C catalysts, with a specific focus on proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Key topics covered include the role of nanocarbon in fuel cells, various nanocarbon-based catalyst supports, Pt-containing alloys, non-Pt catalysts, and nanocarbon composites for electrolyte membranes and corrosion protection. Notable findings include the importance of heteroatom doping in enhancing reactivity, the effectiveness of organic–inorganic composite proton exchange membranes in improving proton conductivity, and the potential of amorphous carbon film coatings and conductive polymer-nanocarbon composites in enhancing corrosion resistance. These advancements underscore the potential of nanocarbon-based catalysts and coatings in ensuring the reliability and longevity of fuel cell components, thus contributing to the widespread commercialization of fuel cell technology.