bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actual classifications of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Part 2. Systematic review of studies
Authors: Grin А. А. , Kordonsky А. Yu. , Lvov I. S. , Talypov А. E. , Abdukhalikov B. А. , Nikitin O. A. , Statsura V. A.
Published: January 2022

The study objective: to review the Russian and foreign studies and to identify an optimal classification system for thoracolumbar spine injuries.Materials and methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We conducted a search for articles published in English (PubMed database) and Russian (eLIBRARY.ru). The inclusion criteria were as follows: available full text, patient age ≥18 years, and information on one of the validation phases for classifications according to L. Audige et al.Results. Out of 207 abstracts, 14 articles met all the required criteria and were included into the systematic review. The F. Denis and AOSpine classifications demonstrated the highest reliability and reproducibility of the results. However, both of these classifications does not lacked predictive value to aid treatment decisions and have some other disadvantages (e. g., this classification does not address the neurologic status of the patient, and injuries of the posterior ligamentous complex (PLC)). Our analysis clearly demonstrated the need for a more thorough evaluation of all available scales and classifications.Conclusion. The F. Denis and AOSpine classifications are the most reliable and reproducible classification systems. However, these classifications have deficiencies and the data available in literature is not sufficient for a full comparison of all existing scales and systems. Further multicenter study on the reliability of classifications are needed to select an most optimal one.In order to determine the most optimal classification system in the daily routine practice, a multicenter study should be conducted with the object of determining. Further multicenter studies on the reliability of classifications are needed to select an optimal one.
Autonomous 3D Target Tracking via UAV
Authors: SİVRİTAŞ Şeyma , TEKİN Ahmet
Published: January 2022

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been integrated into many applications. These vehicles are used by the governments and the private sector for many different purposes. Some of the popular applications are field scanning, target tracking, defense markets, search and rescue, map creation, underground resource search, photography or entertainment. Recently many academic institutions have shown significant amount of interest in this field and many of them have established aviation departments and societies. In addition, many thesis studies and academic publications related to UAVs have been presented. The aim of this particular study is to detect a small object identified as a target by UAV and to provide autonomous tracking of the detected target in three axes. As the outcome of this work, the UAV is coded to lock on the target and maintain a fixed distance on the x, y and z axes after the initial lock. Within the scope of the study, a functional system was designed by evaluating the most important parameters for UAVs such as weight, cost and flight time. An algorithm was designed that uses the image processing methods to detect the target and movement direction of the target, and utilizes MAVLink communication protocol to control the UAV. In addition, two different tests and test results corresponding to two distinct methods were reported which were done to keep the distance constant on the z-axis by using an external distance sensor or comparison algorithm. The project was successfully implemented using single camera only.
The models of transionospheric transmission channels with amplitude fading of signals
Authors: Batanov V.V. , Nazarov L.E.
Published: January 2022

Descriptions of statistical models of narrow-band transionospheric radio lines with amplitude fading of signals due to the influence of the earth’s ionosphere are given. The models are based on the analytical description of signal propagation in randomly inhomogeneous media that generate temporal variations in signal amplitudes due to their reflection and scattering on ionospheric inhomogeneities. These analytical descriptions represent Rytov’s approximate solutions for the wave equation without taking into account the anisotropy due to the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field. The stationarity of the radio line associated with the temporal and spatial statistical characteristics of random temporal and spatial fluctuations of the electron density of ionospheric irregularities is considered as a parameter of the models that is important for applications. By calculating the considered models of radio lines with the parameters of the standard mid-latitude ionosphere, estimates of the temporal stationarity of radio lines for a number of velocities of movement of ionospheric irregularities are obtained. The calculated estimated values of the temporal stationarity of the considered radio lines due to the influence of the ionosphere are useful in the development of satellite information systems, in the selection of optimal signal structures and in the development of procedures for their processing during reception and synchronization.
Stabilization of the movement speed of the output link of the hydraulic actuators in the volumetric hydraulic drive
Authors: Pilgunov V.N. , Efremova K.D.
Published: January 2022

In a volumetric hydraulic drive the speed control of the hydraulic actuators output link is provided by changing the working volume of the pump (VOLUMETRIC CONTROL) or by changing of the hydraulic resistance of the lines (THROTTLE CONTROL). The latter provides for installation of an adjustable throttle in the pressure or drain line for hydraulic motor (sequential primary or secondary regulation), as well as, a controlled bypass of the pump supply into its suction line. Since during the throttle control of the speed of an output link of the hydraulic motor, load determines the pressure drop across the throttle and, therefore, the volumetric flow rate in the line, this control method cannot ensure the invariance of the volumetric hydraulic drive to the load on the actuator, which is necessary if it is used to rotate or to provide the antenna scanning for the radar stations and also the radar for the mobile above-water and land transport systems, that having a high sailing are exposed to significant contrary and fair wind load. In this case, the high quality of the stabilization of the loaded output links rotation speed is possible only in the case of using instead off a throttle the flowcontrollers. At the same time, it should be noted, that in the conditions of the more strict requirements for the control accuracy oblige to use the servo-hydraulic drive with the negative feedback in angular velocity of the output shaft rotation. Authors of the proposed article are consider the design features of some typical 2- and 3-linear flow controllers and also carried out a set of experimental studies of volumetric hydraulic drive with throttle control, provided 3-linear flow-controller, as a result of which the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the volumetric hydraulic drive with a changing load on the output link at main and additional (secondary) hydraulic motors were obtained. The received results of experimental studies allowed for this article authors elaborate the adequacy of the developed mathematical model of a 3-linear flow-controller and to offer methodological recommendations for determining the parameters of its own components. In the conditions of limited availability of information on the design features and methodology of the flow-controllers, the results of experimental studies and proposed mathematical model of a 3-linear flow-controller can have some value in developing designs of flow-controllers, determining the parameters of their component elements, as well as in the use the flow-controllers in the loadinvariant volumetric hydraulic drives.
Two-stage procedure of neural network sentiment analysis for texts in russian
Authors: Volkov A.S. , Chernenky M.V. , Silantieva E. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The task of sentiment analysis is to identify the emotional attitude of the author of the text to the subject or topic under discussion. The relevance of the task is largely related to the development of social networks, online recommendation systems and other services containing a large number of people's opinions on various topics, in particular, about goods, services, offers, events, etc. It is important for marketers, sociologists, administrators, politicians, managers to know people's opinions. The article proposes a solution to the problem of sentiment analysis by decomposing the recognition procedure into two stages using several neural networks and dividing the analyzed texts into homogeneous subsets. The aim of the work is to create a more reliable procedure for determining people's opinions based on their reaction to various messages from the Internet. A decomposition technique for organizing a two-stage process of analyzing the sentiment of texts in Russian by training separate neural networks for each subset of data has been developed and practically implemented. This technique combines two levels of information processing: the first level of a neural network classifier and the second level, which includes several neural network analyzers. The proposed two-stage procedure for analyzing the sentiment of the text makes it possible to ensure the scalability of applications, the independence of neural network settings management and to increase the reliability of estimates.
Identification of a nonlinear system with an insensitivity zone of an elastic element
Authors: Nedashkovskiy V.M. , Sakulin S.A. , Tikhomirova E.A. , Borovik I.G.
Published: January 2022

The article considers the problem of identifying nonlinear dynamic systems using experimental data obtained by applying test signals to the system. The goal is to determine the unknown parameters of the (frequency) transfer function of a nonlinear dynamical system with a deadband of an elastic element from experimental frequency hodographs. It was assumed that the type of transfer function of the identified system is known. It was assumed that in obtaining the frequency characteristics of a real system hindrances intervenes with the experiment, as a result of which the points of the experimentally obtained hodograph are randomly shifted. The search for a solution to the identification problem was carried out in the class of hodographs specified by the system model. The view of transfer function of the model is the same as the view of transfer function of the identifiable system. The search for unknown parameters of the transfer function of the system model was carried out by minimizing a given criterion (measure) of proximity of the experimentally obtained hodograph of the system and the hodograph of the system model over the entire set of experimental points. The solution of the problem of identifying a nonlinear dynamical system using a frequency hodograph is reduced to solving a system of equations that is linear with respect to unknown parameters of the transfer function of the model of system. For a nonlinear system with an insensitivity zone of an elastic element, a program has been developed for simulating the process of obtaining pseudo-experimental data containing random errors and determining the parameters of this system. A computational experiment was conducted to estimate the error with which the proposed algorithm determines the values of the parameters of this system. An illustrative computational experiment has shown that the error in determining the values of the system parameters is comparable with the measurement error range of the experimental values (counts) of the hodograph of this system.
Histological pattern of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and its clinical correlation
Authors: Wani Asif Sadiq , Zahir Zafirah
Published: January 2022

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pattern of injury and it has five histological subtypes with varying prognosis and therapeutic response. Our aim was to study the pattern of primary FSGS in our population along with their clinicopathological characteristics.Methods: This is a 2-year retrospective, single centre cohort, observational study. All adult patients with primary FSGS were identified.Results: There were 51 patients of primary FSGS. The mean age of patients was 37.2±15.3 years with overall male dominance. The clinical presentations were nephrotic syndrome (88.2%), proteinuria with hematuria (11.7%), hypertension (47.05%) and renal insufficiency (60%). FSGS-NOS were seen in 26 patients, tip variant in 11, perihilar in 6, cellular variant in 6 and collapsing variant in 2 patients. The mean age of collapsing variant was significantly less than others (20.5±9.1 years vs 37.2±15.3 years). Massive proteinuria was seen in collapsing and tip variant significantly higher than rest of the variants and tip variant had the least degree of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.Conclusions: FSGS is a pattern of injury which shows histological variations. Although it most commonly affects males, tip and cellular variants show female preponderance. Massive proteinuria was mostly seen in collapsing and tip variants and the features of chronicity were mostly seen in tip variant. Larger studies are required for the differences in treatment protocols and prognosis of different variants.
A study of incidental appendectomy during diagnostic laparoscopy performed to evaluate the causes of lower abdominal pain
Authors: Shah Vishal S. , Parmar Alpesh J. , Ninama Shireesh M. , Patel Harsh A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a minimally invasive method for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal diseases by direct inspection of intra-abdominal organs whenever there is a diagnostic dilemma even after routine diagnostic workup. Incidental appendectomy is defined as the removal of a clinically normal appendix during non-appendiceal surgery. The study is performed to evaluate the causes of lower abdominal pain during diagnostic laparoscopy and to determine the benefits of incidental appendectomy.Methods: This study, performed at the department of surgery, B. J. medical college, Ahmedabad from May 2012 to October 2014 is a prospective study. Incidental appendectomy was performed during diagnostic laparoscopy in 30 patients with abdominal pain. Criteria such as symptomatology, aetiology of pain as found on laparoscopy, post-operative pain relief and complications were analysed.Results: Nearly two third of the patients who presented with intractable lower abdominal pain were females. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy was the commonest per-operative finding affecting half of the patients, followed by adhesions present in about one quarter of the patients. Gynaecological conditions represented about one third of the cases. All, except one patient, had satisfactory pain relief and no complications of incidental appendectomy over a one year follow up.Conclusions: We conclude that diagnostic laparoscopy is a very good and accurate tool to diagnose the causes of abdominal pain and should be routinely used where radiological investigations are inconclusive. Incidental appendectomy indeed has many advantages when performed in an appropriate age group and proper setting.
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding nutrition among pregnant females visiting the antenatal care outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Pune
Authors: Sangwan Kiran S. , Kshirsagar Vikas D. , Parande Malangori A. , Salunke Nandkumar M. , Solanki Kinjal H. , Tambe Muralidhar P. , Pundkar Dipali
Published: January 2022

Background: A balanced and adequate diet is of utmost importance during pregnancy to meet the increased needs of the mother and to prevent nutritional stress. Studies have shown that a majority of pregnant women in India consume food that is deficient in protein, caloric content and other vital nutrients. In Maharashtra, 20.8% women aged 15-49 years are malnourished and 54.2% are anaemic (NFHS 5 {2019-2020} state fact sheet). Poor dietary intake is one of the common cause of micronutrient deficiency. Maternal anaemia contributes to intergenerational cycle of poor growth in the off spring.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in antenatal care outpatient department (ANC-OPD) of BJGMC and SGH, Pune from January 2021 to February 2021. The 94 antenatal mothers were selected randomly. Semi structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Percentages and frequency were used to describe continuous and categorical variables. Test of significance chi square was used with p value less than 0.05 as significant. Analysis was done using SPSS version 26.0.Results: The 91.5% subjects were aware about need of extra amount of food during pregnancy. The 95.7% agreed having extra food during pregnancy is good for health of mother as well as for baby. The 67% actually practiced adding extra food during pregnancy.Conclusions: Education level of pregnant women and socio-economic status were positively associated with nutrition knowledge. The study shows satisfactory knowledge and attitude toward nutrition and diet during pregnancy but practices toward nutrition is still lacking among the study population. Thus, significant gap is there in translating knowledge attitude in practice.
The role of stem cell therapy in endodontics and its future
Authors: Aljifan Mohammad Khaled , Alshuwayi Abdulrhman Ali , Almatrafi Abdulaziz Saeed , Shukr Abdulelah Mohammed , Alshahrani Khalid Abdullah , Almuhanna Abdullah Abdulelah , AlMuhanna Mohammed Abdullah , Alshammari Khalid Nasser , Alghamdi Ahmed Abdullah , Albahri Mazen Dhafer , Benten Muath Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Regenerative therapy has been introduced in the literature for a long time and is currently being practiced in different fields, including dentistry and endodontics. Many applications have been reported in the literature for stem cell therapy. However, many complications and adverse events were reported in this context. The present literature review sheds more light on the clinical applications of stem cell therapy in regenerative endodontics and the future perspectives in this field. There are no doubts that there are many questions to be answered despite the huge advances in this field. In response to tissue injury, it has been shown that stem cell therapy can strengthen the efficacy of physiological response to these events and improve tissue regeneration. They can be used for managing cases of reversible pulpitis. Moreover, evidence indicates that they can enhance the revascularization of necrotic pulp tissues. Accordingly, these outcomes can significantly change the perspectives of clinical endodontic practice, and current root canal management modalities and perhaps draws researchers into discovering further future applications for other currently untreatable conditions. However, further future investigations are still needed to understand more about the mechanisms of these modalities and improve their clinical applicability.
The constitutional rights of indigenous beliefs adherents in minority fiqh perspective
Authors: El Guyanie Gugun , Baskoro Aji
Published: January 2022

Indigenous Beliefs Adherents (Penghayat Kepercayaan) who were victims of injustice filed a judicial review and finally brought out to Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016. This decision became the legal basis for Indigenous Beliefs Adherents to obtain their constitutional rights: recognition, respect, and protection by embedding the beliefs they believe in on the electronic ID card (e-KTP). This study aims to analyze based on the epistemology of minority fiqh on the constitutional rights of Indigenous Beliefs Adherents. In contrast to many studies that place minority fiqh in defense of Muslim minorities in the West, this study develops minority fiqh for non-Muslim minorities in Muslim-majority countries. This article uses normative legal research, with qualitative descriptive analysis with a case approach that analyzes Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016. The study results show that the Constitutional Court Decision viewed from the perspective of minority fiqh is very relevant. Because the purpose of Islamic law is none other than to protect minorities, including freedom of religion. Minority fiqh is also in line with the concept of constitutional rights. The Constitutional Court Decision restores Indigenous Beliefs' constitutional rights to the same level as other religious groups.
Applied Metaheuristic Optimization in Asphalt Pavement Management
Authors: Vásquez-Varela Luis Ricardo , García-Orozco Francisco Javier
Published: January 2022

Pavement engineering is a crossroads between geotechnical and transportation engineering with a sound base on construction materials. There are multiple applications of optimization algorithms in pavement engineering, emphasizing pavement management for its socioeconomic implications and back-calculation of layer properties for its complexity. A detailed literature review shows that optimization has been a permanent concern in pavement engineering. However, only in the last two decades, the increase in computational power allowed the implementation of metaheuristic optimization techniques with promising results in research and practice. Pavement management requires powerful optimization tools for multi-objective problems such as minimizing costs and maximizing the pavement state from network to project level with constrained budgets. A substantial amount of research focuses on genetic algorithms (GA), but new developments include particle intelligence (PSO, ACO, and ABC). The study must go beyond small-sized networks to improve the management of existing road infrastructure (pavement, bridges) based on mechanistic and reliability criteria.
Clustering Approach to Generate Pedestrian Traffic Pattern Groups
Authors: Hernández-Vega Henry , Matamoros-Jiménez Carolina
Published: January 2022

This study shows the development of patterns of temporal hourly volume distributions in an urban area in Costa Rica, based on a cluster analysis of pedestrian data. This study aims to establish specific pattern groups for the temporal variation of weekday pedestrian volumes applying cluster analysis in the central business district of Guadalupe in San José. For 46 counting sites, vectors with the weekday hourly factors, the proportion of the daily pedestrian traffic, were estimated. A hierarchical cluster method was implemented to group the vectors of hourly factors from the different counting sites. This method groups elements by minimizing the Euclidean distance between elements of the same group and, at the same time, maximizing the distances from elements of other groups. In addition, the groups found through this analysis are related to land use through buffers of different radios. Eight temporal pattern groups were obtained through cluster analysis. Two pattern groups account for more than two-thirds of the sites included in the study. Fisher’s exact independence test shows that banks and public services could explain some of the patterns observed. The classification of 46 counting sites based on temporal distribution patterns, and the relation with the establishments in the area, allows a simplification of the information and facilitates an understanding of the pedestrian mobility in the area. Further research is required that leads towards geographical elements that could explain the differences in temporal and mobility patterns.
Propiedades dieléctricas de asfaltos
Authors: Rondón Quintana Hugo Alexander , Castro López William Andrés , Castillo Chamorro José Humberto
Published: January 2022

El asfalto es un material complejo cuyo desempeño depende en gran medida de su composición química. En el mundo, se han realizado múltiples estudios para intentar correlacionar las propiedades físico-químicas de estos materiales, con el fin de intentar comprender su desempeño ante solicitudes de carga y condiciones medioambientales, similares a las que experimentan cuando forman parte de una mezcla asfáltica en un pavimento. A pesar del amplio número de investigaciones realizadas en estas áreas, el complejo comportamiento viscoelástico que caracteriza a estos materiales amorfos aún no ha sido totalmente entendido. Una técnica que podría ayudar a mejorar el entendimiento de asfaltos es la espectroscopía de impedancia eléctrica compleja. Mediante esta, se pueden medir y evaluar las propiedades dieléctricas de estos materiales, las cuales podrían ser correlacionadas con aquellas de carácter físico-químico. En el presente artículo, se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre los estudios realizados a la fecha para medir y analizar propiedades dieléctricas en asfaltos. Se describen los estudios y se reportan las limitaciones de los mismos.
Optimización del diseño de estructuras conformadas por pórticos de acero resistentes a momentos y amortiguadores de masa sintonizada (TMD)
Authors: Ramírez Ospina Ana Milena , Cundumi Sánchez Orlando , González Muñoz José Alex , Villalba Morales Jesús Daniel
Published: January 2022

Las metodologías convencionales de diseño de estructuras sismo-resistentes se basan en el diseño de resistencia, rigidez y ductilidad de la estructura en el rango inelástico. Recientes avances en el área, buscan generar nuevas metodologías basadas en la disipación de energía del sismo mediante dispositivos externos. Lo anterior con el fin de disminuir los daños que se puedan presentar en los elementos estructurales después de la ocurrencia de un sismo. En este artículo, se propone una metodología para la optimización del diseño de pórticos de acero resistentes a momentos, equipados con amortiguadores de masa sintonizada. El objetivo es disminuir las deformaciones, los daños estructurales, los no estructurales y el costo de la estructura.
En el proceso de optimización se utilizó una heurística basada en la teoría de la evolución de una población y denominada algoritmo de evolución diferencial. Se modificó adicionando dos características para mejorar su funcionamiento. En primera instancia, se le generó una autoadaptación de los parámetros de mutación y cruzamiento. Por otra parte, se le dio características multimodales para ayudar al algoritmo a encontrar el óptimo global. Finalmente, utilizando la metodología de optimización en los diversos casos de estudio, se pudo observar que la calidad de la solución y la convergencia del algoritmo eran buenas. Además, se vio una mejoría en la calidad de optimización debido a las características adicionadas de funciones multimodales y parámetros autoadaptativos. Haciendo que el algoritmo tuviera mayor espacio de exploración y explotación.
Propiedad intelectual, patentes y salud
Authors: García Uribe John Camilo
Published: January 2022

Artículo de carácter reflexivo y argumentativo que busca confrontar referentes conceptuales desde la Bioética y el derecho para dar solución a estos interrogantes: ¿son los derechos de propiedad intelectual la antítesis de otros derechos? ¿Existe un conflicto de principios bioéticos en dicha tensión? ¿Cómo abordar desde la Bioética este choque de miradas? ¿Es necesario un cambio de paradigma para transformar el individualismo imperante de la contemporaneidad y evitar los daños de una guerra de rapiñas que se enmascara detrás de un eufemismo de la competencia de mercados y la propiedad intelectual? Entre argumentos, cuestionamientos y disensos se busca un abordaje a estos dilemas con un enfoque bioético. Se deja sobre la mesa la cooperación con una base de empatía y compasión para desviarse del camino del individualismo pernicioso y la voracidad subsecuente del dinero y el poder. Por ello, la Bioética como puente hacia al futuro es la disciplina llamada manifestar dicha cooperación, no solo en los ámbitos disciplinarios, sino entre los diferentes actores sociales, entre los protagonistas de esta obra, para que su final no sea trágico, sino esperanzador y saludable.
La bioética en la investigación de funciones ejecutivas en niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje
Authors: Ambiado-Lillo Manuel Matías
Published: January 2022

En la actualidad, mucho se habla sobre bioética. Desafortunadamente, en lo que respecta a los lineamientos que deben regular y velar por la dignidad y los derechos de los niños, no existe una coherencia con el nivel de desarrollo técnico contemplado en las investigaciones en el área de los trastornos específicos del lenguaje y las funciones ejecutivas. Para esta investigación se realizaron tres búsquedas diferenciadas en bases de datos de Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile y fuentes grises con los descriptores “specific language impairment”, “sli”, “executive functions”, “memory”, “attention”, “inhibition”, “bioética”, “principios de bioética”, “bioética infantil”, “investigación científica” y “derechos del niño”, reparando, específicamente, en la presencia o ausencia de lineamientos éticos declarados en su metodología o procedimiento de trabajo para analizar de forma crítica su progresión desde los años ochenta hasta la actualidad. En las conclusiones se ha evidenciado que los principios bioéticos generales no son demasiado pertinentes si no se acompañan por políticas nacionales e internacionales que velen por la dignidad de los niños. Por este motivo, contar con disposiciones bioéticas específicas y sistematizadas para la población pediátrica, en la que se incluyen los estudios de FE y TEL, es fundamental. Así es posible abolir todos los dilemas bioéticos que puedan surgir de los vacíos que las actuales leyes presentan. Por esta razón, es indispensable un replanteamiento de principios para este rango etario.
Confidencialidad de datos en un hospital-escuela dedicado a la investigación
Authors: Hernández Rivera Elisa , Mancilla Dávila Patricia Raquel
Published: January 2022

La información clínica que deriva de la atención médica es almacenada en los expedientes clínicos que se encuentran en archivos físicos o electrónicos en las distintas instituciones hospitalarias que se dedican a la enseñanza. Esta valiosa información constituye una herramienta fundamental en la investigación clínica, por lo tanto, debe de ser considerada confidencial desde que el paciente la remite hasta después de finalizar su tratamiento. Cuando los miembros de un hospital-escuela realizan actividades de investigación, utilizan la información contenida en los expedientes clínicos. La confidencialidad de estos registros es protegida por la ley, por esta razón es necesario fundamentar y desarrollar un método que ayude a los investigadores a conocer estos datos clínicos sin violar su privacidad y confidencialidad. Es necesario cuestionarnos si un aviso de privacidad que indique a los pacientes que la información derivada de sus padecimientos puede utilizarse posteriormente para fines de investigación será suficiente para resolver los conflictos relacionados con la obtención de datos. Un aviso de privacidad es un documento legal que se utiliza para la protección de datos de las personas, aplicarlo en las instituciones hospitalarias dedicadas a la enseñanza y a la investigación facilitará el uso de la información derivada de las consultas y mantendrá la confianza de que los datos utilizados en la investigación respetarán, la confidencialidad y la privacidad, a través del anonimato.
Análisis comparativo de normativas arquitectónicas en estaciones de bomberos de Chile, Colombia, Venezuela y Perú
Authors: Vidal-Valladolid Miguel Ángel , Goluchowska-Trampczynska Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

El método de análisis comparativo ad hoc, aplicado a los estándares de las estaciones de bomberos en ámbitos urbanos de países andinos sudamericanos, permitió evaluar similitudes y diferencias entre las normas o regulaciones implícitas de Venezuela, Colombia, Chile y Perú, con la finalidad de obtener criterios o lineamientos de diseño para nuevas estaciones en Lima. Entre los resultados obtenidos se han establecidos criterios de localización basados en aspectos como: área de cobertura, emplazamiento y riesgos para la edificación, servicios públicos, red de comunicación de emergencias, entre otros. El programa arquitectónico consta de zonas para: equipos y mantenimiento, entrenamiento y capacitación, residencial y de esparcimiento, administrativo y de servicios. Los criterios de diseño arquitectónico se agruparon en: aspectos formales, funcionales, y de especialidades técnicas que condicionan la arquitectura. Adicionalmente, se concluyó que en la zona urbana limeña para el programa arquitectónico se requiere como mínimo 1,317.6 m2 de área techada.
La cátedra integradora. Un enfoque transdisciplinar para la enseñanza de arquitectura Caso de Estudio FAU-UCE
Authors: Bermeo Sergio , Echeverría Mishell
Published: January 2022

La Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (FAU) de la Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE) se ha cuestionado los límites de la disciplina arquitectónica para reflexionar sobre el rol actual de la profesión, con el propósito de generar un nuevo discurso académico que permita enlazar la práctica y la teoría dentro de la formación del arquitecto. La Ley de Educación Superior exige una renovación constante del currículo académico para que la oferta sea pertinente y responda a las problemáticas contemporáneas. Es así que, para elaborar un currículo académico, no solo es necesario un proceso de análisis y retroalimentación constante: también se deben construir temáticas interdisciplinares o incluso transdisciplinares, tanto en pre-grado como en las maestrías de posgrado. Una alternativa de solución es la cátedra integradora de saberes aplicada en el taller vertical de proyectos arquitectónicos, que se complementa con bases teóricas y críticas.
La emancipación del espacio
Authors: Jiménez-Pacheco Pedro
Published: January 2022

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Response of maize (zea mays L.) to green manure from varying populations of cowpea in a derived savannah of Nigeria
Authors:   Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Fabunmi TO , Balogun RO
Published: January 2022

A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research farm of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, located between longitude 70 15’ N and latitude 30 25’E, a derived savannah in south western Nigeria. The study was carried out between April to September 2009 and March to August 2010 to investigate the effect of varying populations of two local cowpea varieties of contrasting growth habits on green manure production, using maize as test crop. Three population densities each of cowpea varieties Oloyin and Drum, and the control plots were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Six weeks after planting, the green manure was uprooted and incorporated in situ. The incorporated green manure was left for a week after which maize variety- SUWAN-IY was planted on all plots. All populations of cowpea variety Oloyin gave significantly higher biomass than all the populations of Drum in 2009; the highest significant fresh biomass was produced at 111,111 plants/ha. In 2010, Drum at 160,000 plants/ha and Oloyin at 111,111 plants/ha produced similar plant biomass (p>0.05) and were significantly higher than all other treatments. However, cowpea variety Drum at 80,000 plants/ha and Oloyin at 55,555 appeared to be more economical relative to other treatments in terms of seed requirements for optimum biomass production and maize grain yield. In 2009 maize grain yield was not significantly different between treatments. In 2010 however, both maize grain yield and cob girth were significantly increased (p<0.05) on green manure plots. Maize grain yield increased by 37-98% and 89-147% on green manure plots in 2009 and 2010, respectively relative to the control plots. In maize production systems in the derived savannah of Nigeria, 55,555 plants/ha of Oloyin and 80,000 plants/ha of Drum could be recommended for green manuring. This will be of immense benefit to the resource- poor farmers in this ecological zone.
Rural African women’s accessibility to resources for food production in the north west region of Cameroon
Authors:   University of Dschang, Cameroon, Fon DE
Published: January 2022

Globalization has made agriculture more competitive in a way that access to and control of farm resources is extremely important. This study examines rural women’s access to farm resources in arable small-scale food production in the North West Region of Cameroon. Using a multistage sampling technique a total of 1,120 rural women farmers were surveyed in order to capture their socioeconomic characteristics and access to arable land, agricultural inputs, agricultural extension information and source of finance and involvement in food production in smallholder production systems. All data collected was subjected to descriptive statistics. The results showed that rural women have access to arable land through their families but they do not control arable land. They have access to agricultural inputs but lack rural feeder roads and access to agricultural extension information and/or services. Rural women farmers lack finances and mostly access finance for arable agriculture from traditional social groups and their husbands to solve additional constraints of poor soils, pests and diseases. The rural women are involved in major crop production activities (land preparation (ploughing/ridging), sowing, weeding, harvesting and storage) which necessitate access to and control of farm resources but have limited access to resources in order to be efficient and competitive. Because of limited control of farm resources, they are not involved in decision-making, which usually translates into lateness in carrying out farm operations and consequently low yields. Access to land resources by rural women is controlled by cultural and technical factors. Boosting crop production will require that efforts are made socially and technically to remove the afore-mentioned barriers in the acquisition of farm resources. Therefore, agricultural production policies and programs should establish direct linkage between agricultural extension information and/or services, and rural women farmers, and provide incentives to rural women involved in arable small-scale agricultural production in order to maintain a steady growth rate of food production.
Plantain, banana and wheat flour composites in bread making: prospects for industrial application
Authors:   Songhaï Rivers State Development Initiative, Km 5, Bunu, Ban Ogoi Road, Tai Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria., Adeniji TA
Published: January 2022

Bread is one of the most convenient, least expensive and most important staple foods in the world today. It is usually fermented and baked into loaves or cakes. Bread making has been with the Chinese for 5000 years and has also been found in ancient Egyptian tombs and reported widely in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible and in the Holy Qur’an. Bread was introduced to Nigeria probably about two centuries ago either by white colonialists or it may have been acquired from the Arabs through the Trans-Saharan trade with the Fulanis and Hausas of Northern Nigeria, especially during the eras of Mali and Songhaï Empires. Wheat bread is widely consumed in all parts of Africa. Research into the use of indigenous raw materials in the production of composite bread, cakes and confectionery products has been carried out in several African research institutes and universities. These investigations have proven beyond doubt the baking potentials of various tropical crops including plantain and banana. Improved varieties of plantain and banana have been developed and widely distributed to farmers in West and Central Africa as well as East and Southern Africa by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). This effort was complemented by extensive post-harvest research on new product development and evaluation from various accessions of plantain and banana hybrids. Transformation of fruits at different stages of ripening involving different processing techniques, packaging and preservation of new products was disseminated to farmers and food processors. This was necessary to add value to fresh plantain and banana, reduce post-harvest loss, enhance product diversification and provide jobs. Despite these approaches, there has been limited effort to implement composite bread technology in developing countries at the industrial level. This paper is a review of the application of tropical crops, especially plantain and banana in bread making. Output of this review may provide impetus for sustainable adoption of non-wheat or composite wheat bread making technology in Africa.
Farmers’ perceptions of orange-fleshed sweetpotato: do common beliefs about sweetpotato production and consumption really matter?
Authors:   International Potato Center, Kampala, Uganda, Okello JJ , Shikuku KM ,   International Potato Center, Kampala, Uganda, Sindi K ,   International Potato Center, Nairobi, Kenya, Low J ,   International Potato Center, Nairobi, Kenya
Published: January 2022

Efforts to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing countries have focused on the promotion of growing and consuming orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), among other crops. Past studies have found increased intake and even incomes among households that have been reached with information about nutritional benefits of OFSP. Consequently, efforts to scale up the production and consumption of OFSP are on-going in several African countries where vitamin A deficiency is a major problem. However, to date, few studies have systematically examined farmers’ perceptions and attitudes towards some of the attributes of OFSP. This paper interrogates some of the beliefs about the production and consumption of sweet potato in general, and OFSP, in particular. It uses data generated using multi-stage sampling technique and involving 732 households in the Lake zone of Tanzania. The households were stratified into project participants (the intervention group) and non-participants (the control group). Within each household, data were collected from a male or female adult member (usually spouses) through personal interviews. Overall, 455 project participants and 277 non-participants were interviewed. This study uses both descriptive and exploratory factor analysis to assess some common beliefs about sweet potato production and consumption. Contrary to the common beliefs, the study finds that sweet potato is an important food crop to producing households, and that the common negative beliefs about sweet potato production and consumption are not widely held. This study, therefore, recommends the need to upscale and out-scale efforts to sensitize farmers about the nutritional benefits of growing and consuming OFSP to counter the common negative beliefs about sweet potato. In particular, educating farmers on the health effects of inadequate intake of Vitamin A and the importance of OFSP as its source can greatly influence their perceptions about OFSP. Further, there is need to increase efforts at breeding aimed at supplying the multiple desirable table and postharvest attributes of orange-fleshed sweet potato, in addition to focusing on agronomic traits. For sub-Saharan Africa, such attributes include taste, storability of the tubers, dry matter content, and sugar content.
Nutrient composition, pest and microbial status and effects of discarded biscuits on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and economic profiles of growing-finishing pigs.
Authors:   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ghana, Manu F , Okai DB , Boateng M , Frimpong YO
Published: January 2022

A ten -week experiment was conducted to evaluate discarded biscuits (DB) as an alternative to maize in pig diets. Proximate composition, pest and microbial status of the DB and its effects on growth performance, economics of production and carcass characteristics of growing -finishing pigs were determined. Twenty Large White starter pigs aged 9 -10 weeks with an average initial weight of 16.6kg were allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) based on their weight and sex . They were fed ad libitum with isonitrogenous diets containing 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% levels of DB replacing similar amounts of maize and labelled 0%DB (Control), 10%DB , 20%DB and 30%DB , respectively. Prior to the feeding trial, samples of the DB were studied for their proximate composition, pest and microbial status. The DB contained 17.0% moisture, 9.90% crude protein (CP), 0.63% crude fibre (CF) , 11.0% ether extract (EE) , 0.50% ash and 60.97% nitrogen -free extract (NFE). Tribolium species was the main insect pest identified in the samples; both live and dead forms were observed. The microbial analysis uncovered three (3) fungi species, namely Penicillium sp ., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus versicolor with Penicillium sp . being the most dominant. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the values for the average daily feed intake (ADFI), total feed intake (ATFI), daily weight gain (ADWG), total weight gain (ATWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the four dietary treatments. There was a linear decrease in feed cost as the level of DB increased in the diet, and the cost of gain followed a similar trend. Carcass characteristics were similar (P>0.05). It was concluded that DB could constitute as much as 30% of the diet and replace about 60% of the maize in the diet of growing pig without any adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics .
Assessment of food safety practices among cassava processors in selected rural communities of Oyo state, Nigeria
Authors:   University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Thomas KA , Philips ON
Published: January 2022

Food safety assessment is an effective means of discovering knowledge and data gaps that limit effective risk analysis and at the same time providing information to develop public policies on food safety management. The study assessed the cassava food safety practices among cassava processors in selected rural communities of Oyo State. Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used to examine the following parameters: knowledge, attitude, sources of information and constraints to food safety practices. Focus Group Discussion, In-depth Interview, direct observation and interview schedule were the sources of primary data used. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty-four (154) men and women involved in cassava processing from four Local Government Areas where there is concentration of cassava production and processing activities in the state, namely: Saki-West, Saki-East, Atisbo and Afijio. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, Analysis of Variance and Chi square. The findings revealed that the mean income was N20,695, majority of the processors have low knowledge (71.4%) and unfavourable attitude (51.3%) towards cassava safety practices. Public sanitary officers (𝑥𝑥�= 2.61) and fellow processors (𝑥𝑥�=2.11) were ranked as the most used sources of information about cassava safety practices. Constraints to food safety practices include: processing is time consuming, the cumbersome nature of the safety practices and inadequate access to clean water. Inferential analysis of results shows that income contributed significantly to the cassava food safety practices (p = 0.04) and safety practices do significantly differ among cassava processors across the selected cassava processors (p = 0.10). However, no significant relationship between sex (p = 0.42), age (p = 0.48), marital status (p = 0.67), educational level (p =0.53), processing experience (p = 0.92) and safety practices of the respondents. Training and effective monitoring by relevant stakeholders will further boost processors’ knowledge and attitudinal change towards food safety and ultimately safe food for the consumers.