bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Language Attrition Induces Changes in Online Morphosyntactic Processing and Re‐Analysis: An ERP Study of Number Agreement in Complex Italian Sentences
Authors: Kasparian Kristina , Vespignani Francesco , Steinhauer Karsten
Published: November 2016

First language (L1) attrition in adulthood offers new insight on neuroplasticity and the role of language experience in shaping neurocognitive responses to language. Attriters are multilinguals for whom advancing L2 proficiency comes at the cost of the L1, as they experience a shift in exposure and dominance (e.g., due to immigration). To date, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying L1 attrition are largely unexplored. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs), we examined L1‐Italian grammatical processing in 24 attriters and 30 Italian native‐controls. We assessed whether (a) attriters differed from non‐attriting native speakers in their online detection and re‐analysis/repair of number agreement violations, and whether (b) differences in processing were modulated by L1‐proficiency. To test both local and non‐local agreement violations, we manipulated agreement between three inflected constituents and examined ERP responses on two of these (subject, verb, modifier). Our findings revealed group differences in amplitude, scalp distribution, and duration of LAN/N400 + P600 effects. We discuss these differences as reflecting influence of attriters’ L2‐English, as well as shallower online sentence repair processes than in non‐attriting native speakers. ERP responses were also predicted by L1‐Italian proficiency scores, with smaller N400/P600 amplitudes in lower proficiency individuals. Proficiency only modulated P600 amplitude between 650 and 900 ms, whereas the late P600 (beyond 900 ms) depended on group membership and amount of L1 exposure within attriters. Our study is the first to show qualitative and quantitative differences in ERP responses in attriters compared to non‐attriting native speakers. Our results also emphasize that proficiency predicts language processing profiles, even in native‐speakers, and that the P600 should not be considered a monolithic component.
Galectin‐3 promotes caspase‐independent cell death of HIV‐1‐infected macrophages
Authors: Xue Jing , Fu Chunyan , Cong Zhe , Peng Lingjuan , Peng Zhuoying , Chen Ting , Wang Wei , Jiang Hong , Wei Qiang , Qin Chuan
Published: November 2016

HIV‐1‐infected macrophages are a key contributor to the formation of a viral reservoir and new treatment strategies focus on eliminating this pool of virus. Galectin‐3 is a potent apoptosis‐inducing protein that regulates diverse cellular activities. In the present study, we investigated whether galectin‐3 could induce cell death in HIV‐1‐infected macrophages using HIV‐1‐infected THP1 monocytes (THP1‐MNs) and THP1‐derived macrophages (THP1‐MΦs) as in vitro cellular models. We found that THP1‐MΦs were more resistant than the THP1‐MNs to HIV‐1 infection‐induced death, and that HIV‐1 infection of the THP1‐MΦs increased expression of the anti‐apoptotic proteins Mcl‐1, Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL. Additionally, galectin‐3 but not FasL, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand or TNF‐α, could induce cell death in HIV‐1‐infected THP1‐MΦs. A similar result was shown for primary human monocyte‐derived macrophages. Galectin‐3‐induced cell death was also significantly increased in macrophages obtained from SIVmac251‐infected macaques compared to that of macrophages from healthy macaques. Furthermore, galectin‐3‐induced cell death in HIV‐1‐infected THP1‐MΦs was caspase independent. Interestingly, endonuclease G (Endo G) was increased in the nucleus and decreased in the cytoplasm of galectin‐3‐treated cells; thus, galectin‐3‐induced cell death in HIV‐1‐infected THP1‐MΦs is most likely related to the translocation of Endo G from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. These findings suggest that galectin‐3 may potentially aid in the eradication of HIV‐1/SIV‐infected macrophages.
Post‐glacial distribution of a Mongolian mayfly inferred from population genetic analysis
Authors: Sekiné Kazuki , Bayartogtokh Badamdorj , Bae Yeon Jae
Published: November 2016

The polymitarcyid burrowing mayfly, Ephoron nigridorsum, adapts to extreme continental climate by undergoing egg diapause during the long and cold winter and rapid growth during the short and hot summer. We performed genetic analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene of E. nigridorsum from 10 local populations of the Selenge River basin in Mongolia to examine the historical population dynamics during the last glacial period.

We observed high overall genetic diversity and high intra‐population variation. However, we could find no geographic cluster of haplotypes and no correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance within the river basin.

The long‐chain haplotype network and multimodal mismatch distribution implied that the population size has remained constant for a long period of time. The Bayesian skyline plot indicated an expansion of the population size during cooling through the last glacial period and a stable population size from the post‐glacial period to the present day.

Our results suggest that the Selenge River basin provided a comparatively stable habitat for E. nigridorsum during the last glacial period when the decrease in mean air temperature in summer (1–7 °C colder) is smaller than that of winter temperature (7–15 °C colder) according to botanical records. The mayfly has been probably capable of adapting to a more extreme climate – i.e. with a larger temperature difference between winter and summer – during the last glacial period by undergoing egg diapause, as montane and arctic species of cold‐adapted aquatic insects have expanded their distributions and population sizes during this period.
Colony persistence in waterbirds is constrained by pond quality and land use
Authors: Francesiaz Charlotte , Guilbault Emy , Lebreton Jean‐Dominique , Trouvilliez Jacques , Besnard Aurélien
Published: November 2016

The conservation of wetlands, many threatened by human activities, is paramount to sustaining global biodiversity. Yet the protection of targeted wetlands may not be sufficient to protect the species they host because some species may also be impacted by alterations to the surrounding landscape.

Some black‐headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus: Laridae) populations have experienced a sharp decline in population size and number of colonies. Here, we investigated the relative contributions of wetland and its surrounding landscape to two major determinants of population dynamics, i.e. habitat selection and reproductive success, using 37 years of monitoring data.

Our analyses revealed that large areas of cultivated land surrounding ponds and high vegetation cover of helophytes promote longer occupation of a pond by gull colonies, probably because they allow better reproductive success. We also found that both agricultural practices in surrounding landscapes and pond vegetation cover have sharply changed over the past 30 years in the study area, with an intensification of the former and a general decrease of the latter.

These alterations are likely to have led to the observed decrease in the number of breeding gulls. The decrease in helophyte cover may have reduced their ability to construct nests in vegetation that protects them against flooding, and agricultural intensification may have decreased food availability during the crucial period of reproduction.

Our study provides additional evidence, from long‐term changes in habitats and reproductive success, that in order to be effective, waterbird conservation plans should consider the terrestrial landscape surrounding wetlands, in addition to the quality of the wetland.
Challenging convention: the winter ecology of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a productive and stable environment
Authors: Kemp Paul S. , Vowles Andrew S. , Sotherton Nick , Roberts Dylan , Acreman Michael C. , Karageorgopoulos Perikles
Published: November 2016

Understanding of the winter ecology of stream salmonids is biased by research conducted in northern temperate and boreal regions dominated by hard rock geology. Such systems are driven by highly dynamic surface‐flow regimes and tend to be physically diverse, nutrient poor and influenced by ice. This study investigated how the behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta, inhabiting a stable groundwater‐fed, productive and comparatively warm southern English chalk stream differs from that described for other systems, and how this is translated to performance, measured as growth.

Physical characteristics were mapped, and high‐resolution temperature data collected using a spatial array of data loggers installed throughout the study reach during the winter. A combination of passive integrated transponder and radio telemetry was used to monitor distribution, density, and movement of trout. Micro‐archival data storage tags inserted in some individuals provided information on temperature regimes experienced. Growth performance was calculated for recaptured fish.

Trout density was positively related to depth and there was no evidence that temperature influenced microhabitat selection. Three patterns of movement were observed. Over three‐quarters of tracked fish exhibited high site fidelity and tended to remain in a single focal position throughout the study. Fourteen per cent of trout exploited more than one distinct location, while the remainder were detected at multiple locations and showed no preference for any one.

Trout exhibited regular daily activity patterns and highly periodic local movements at dusk and dawn and tended to experience positive growth performance during periods that included winter.

This study challenges the conventional view of salmonid winter ecology, which is biased towards populations that inhabit hard rock surface‐flow dominated rivers that experience the influence of ice. Despite inhabiting a distinctly different winter habitat template than more commonly studied populations, trout occupying a hydrologically stable and productive chalk stream exhibited behaviours similar to those described for elsewhere, yet performed considerably better.
Capping carious exposures in adults: a randomized controlled trial investigating mineral trioxide aggregate versus calcium hydroxide
Authors: Kundzina R. , Stangvaltaite L. , Eriksen H. M. , Kerosuo E.
Published: November 2016

Aim

The aim of this multicentre, parallel‐group randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a conventional calcium hydroxide liner (CH) as direct pulp capping materials in adult molars with carious pulpal exposure.

Methodology

Seventy adults aged 18–55 years were randomly allocated to two parallel arms: MTA (White ProRoot, Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA; n = 33) and CH (Dycal®, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany; n = 37). The teeth were temporized for 1 week with glass–ionomer (Fuji IX, GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan) and then permanently restored with a composite resin. The subjects were followed up after 1 week and at six, 12, 24 and 36 months. The primary outcome was the survival of the capped pulps, and the secondary outcome was postoperative pain after 1 week. Survival was defined as a nonsymptomatic tooth that responded to sensibility testing and did not exhibit periapical changes on radiograph. At each check‐up, the pulp was tested for sensibility and a periapical radiograph was taken (excluding the radiographs taken at the 1‐week follow‐up). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log‐rank test were used to assess the significant difference in the survival curves between groups. Chi‐square test was used to assess the association between the materials and preoperative and postoperative pain.

Results

At 36 months, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a cumulative estimate rate of 85% for the MTA group and 52% for the CH group (P = 0.006). There was no significant association between the capping material and postoperative pain.

Conclusions

Mineral trioxide aggregate performed more effectively than a conventional CH liner as a direct pulp capping material in molars with carious pulpal exposure in adult patients. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01224925.
Discovery and functional identification of fecundity‐related genes in the brown planthopper by large‐scale RNA interference
Authors: Qiu J. , He Y. , Zhang J. , Kang K. , Li T. , Zhang W.
Published: November 2016

Recently, transcriptome and proteome data have increasingly been used to identify potential novel genes related to insect phenotypes. However, there are few studies reporting the large‐scale functional identification of such genes in insects. To identify novel genes related to fecundity in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, 115 genes were selected from the transcriptomic and proteomic data previously obtained from high‐ and low‐fecundity populations in our laboratory. The results of RNA interference (RNAi) feeding experiments showed that 91.21% of the genes were involved in the regulation of vitellogenin (Vg) expression and may influence BPH fecundity. After RNAi injection experiments, 12 annotated genes were confirmed as fecundity‐related genes and three novel genes were identified in the BPH. Finally, C‐terminal binding protein (CtBP) was shown to play an important role in BPH fecundity. Knockdown of CtBP not only led to lower survival, underdeveloped ovaries and fewer eggs laid but also resulted in a reduction in Vg protein expression. The novel gene resources gained from this study will be useful for constructing a Vg regulation network and may provide potential target genes for RNAi‐based pest control.
Characterization of piezoelectric ceramics using the burst/transient method with resonance and antiresonance analysis
Authors: Shekhani Husain , Scholehwar Timo , Hennig Eberhard , Uchino Kenji
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for characterizing the high power resonance behavior of bulk piezoelectric ceramics using the burst method is described. In the burst method, the sample is electrically driven at its resonance frequency, and then either a short circuit or an open circuit condition is imposed, after which the vibration decays at the resonance or antiresonance frequency, respectively. This decay can be used to measure the quality factor in either of these conditions. The resulting current in the short circuit vibration condition is related to the vibration velocity through the “force factor.” The generated voltage in the open circuit vibration condition corresponds to the displacement by the “voltage factor.” The force factor and the voltage factor are related to material properties and physical dimensions of the sample. Using this method, the high power behavior of the permittivity, compliance, effective piezoelectric charge constant, electromechanical coupling factor, and material losses can be determined directly by measuring the resonance (short circuit) and antiresonance (open circuit) frequencies, their corresponding quality factors, the force factor A, and the voltage factor B. The experimental procedure to apply this method is described and demonstrated on commercially available hard and semi‐hard PZT materials of geometry.
Electrophoretic deposition of ZnO–CeO2 mixed oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hasanpoor Meisam , Aliofkhazraei Mahmood , Hosseinali Massoud
Published: November 2016

ZnO–CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave combustion and deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effect of using two different alcohols, ethanol and methanol, was investigated on EPD behavior and morphology of deposited film. Moreover, the effect of concentration of nanoparticles and applied voltage on the mass of deposit and the variation in the current density were investigated. With a change in the alcohol type, the surface morphology of deposition changed and some voids were observed on the deposition surface in ethanol. In all cases, with increasing concentration of nanoparticles in suspension, the number of developed cracks increased. Besides, a rise in voltage led to an increase in the number of cracks. The EPD processes in ethanol and methanol suspension were simulated over time using different zero boundary conditions. Hemi‐spherical morphology was seen for the nanoparticles deposited in ethanol. This kind of growth was simulated based on the changes in electrical field.
Laser shock processing of polycrystalline alumina ceramics
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Chenfei , Lu Yongfeng , Nastasi Michael , Cui Bai
Published: November 2016

Laser shock processing (LSP) has been applied to polycrystalline α‐Al2O3 ceramics. X‐ray characterizations have revealed that LSP results in significant compressive residual stresses which can extend to a depth of more than 1.2 mm from the surface. The presence of compressive residual stresses improves the resistance of α‐Al2O3 ceramics to indentation cracking. Microstructural characterization suggests that the majority of α‐Al2O3 grains on the surface remains intact after LSP. However, damaged regions are occasionally present, which shows intergranular fractures and a limited plastic deformation in the vicinity of grain boundaries.
Near/mid‐infrared emission and energy transfer of Er/Tm‐Yb co‐doped β‐NaYF4 microcrystals
Authors: Xiao Quanlan
Published: November 2016

The well‐formed high quality β‐NaYF4:Er3+/Tm3+, Yb3+ microcrystals with near/mid‐infrared (NIR/MIR) emission are synthesized by the solvothermal method. Obvious 1.4 μm, 1.8 μm emissions, and 1.5 μm emission are observed in as‐prepared β‐NaYF4:Tm3+, Yb3+ and β‐NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ microcrystals, respectively. To obtain MIR emission, the as‐prepared β‐NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ microcrystals are heat‐treated at different temperature schedule and atmosphere, it demonstrates there is great effect on the morphology and crystal structure when heat‐treated at different temperature, while little effect under different heat‐treated atmosphere. Subsequently, after heat‐treatment at 575°C in air, owing to the efficient elimination of internal defects and partly surface hydroxyl/citrate groups, an obvious 2.7 μm MIR emission is successfully detected in heat‐treated β‐NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ microcrystals for the first time.
Can auscultatory blood pressure normative values be used for evaluation of oscillometric blood pressure in children?
Authors: Šuláková Terezie , Šuláková Astrida , Strnadel Jiří , Pavlíček Jan , Obermannová Barbora , Feber Janusz
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze whether auscultatory normative values (Fourth Task Force [4TF]) can be applied to blood pressure (BP) obtained by oscillometric devices. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of oscillometric office BP and ambulatory BP monitoring in 229 children (116 boys), median age 15.31 years. Office systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values were converted into Z scores using 4TF and oscillometric (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescent [KiGGS]) reference values. There was good correlation between the two normative methods (r=0.9773 for SBP, r=0.9627 for DBP). Results from Bland‐Altman test revealed only minimal differences in Z scores between 4TF and KiGGS for SBP, but a significant proportional error for DBP. 4TF and KiGGS Z scores were equally predictive of ambulatory hypertension. In conclusion, auscultatory and oscillometric normative data are interchangeable for SBP but not for DBP.
Risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology: overview and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomopoulos Costas , Salamalekis George , Kintis Konstantinos , Andrianopoulou Iliana , Michalopoulou Helena , Skalis George , Archontakis Stefanos , Argyri Ourania , Tsioufis Costas , Makris Thomas K. , Salamalekis Emmanuel
Published: November 2016

The extent of the increased risk of pregnancy hypertensive disorders following assisted reproductive technology (ART) was investigated. PubMed and the Cochrane Collaboration Library were used as data sources to identify and select longitudinal cohorts comparing pregnancies following ART with spontaneously conceived pregnancies, between 1978 and June 2016. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of three outcomes, ie, gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE), and their sum (PHD), were calculated. Stratification of results by gestation order (singletons and nonsingletons) was pursued, but a separate “all orders” mixed stratification was considered. Sixty‐six longitudinal studies (7 038 029 pregnancies; 203 375 following any ART) were eligible. All outcomes independent of gestation order (“all orders”) were increased following any invasive ART: GH (+79% [95% CI, 24%–157%]) and PE (+75% [95% CI, 50%–103%]) to a greater extent, with smaller increases in PHD (+54% [95% CI, 39%–70%]). The risk of PHD following ART steadily increased independent of gestation order.
Genetic variants in telomere‐maintenance genes are associated with ovarian cancer risk and outcome
Authors: Sun Yuhui , Tao Wade , Huang Maosheng , Wu Xifeng , Gu Jian
Published: November 2016

Most ovarian cancer patients present at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Telomeres play a critical role in protecting chromosomes stability. The associations of genetic variants in telomere maintenance genes and ovarian cancer risk and outcome are unclear. We genotyped 137 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in telomere‐maintenance genes in 417 ovarian cancer cases and 417 matched healthy controls to evaluate their associations with cancer risk, survival and therapeutic response. False discovery rate Q‐value was calculated to account for multiple testing. Eleven SNPs from two genes showed nominally significant associations with the risks of ovarian cancer. The most significant SNP was TEP1: rs2228026 with participants carrying at least one variant allele exhibiting a 3.28‐fold (95% CI: 1.72‐6.29; P < 0.001, Q = 0.028) increased ovarian cancer risk, which remained significant after multiple testing adjusting. There was also suggested evidence for the associations of SNPs with outcome, although none of the associations had a Q < 0.05. Seven SNPs from two genes showed associations with ovarian cancer survival (P < 0.05). The strongest association was found in TNKS gene (rs10093972, hazard ratio = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.20‐2.92; P = 0.006, Q = 0.076). Five SNPs from four genes showed suggestive associations with therapeutic response (P < 0.05). In a survival tree analysis, TEP1:rs10143407 was the primary factor contributing to overall survival. Unfavourable genotype analysis showed a cumulative effect of significant SNPs on ovarian cancer risk, survival and therapeutic response. Genetic variations in telomere‐maintenance genes may be associated with ovarian cancer risk and outcome.
The Framing of the Euro Crisis in German and Spanish Online News Media between 2010 and 2014: Does a Common European Public Discourse Emerge?
Authors: Kaiser Johannes , Kleinen‐von Königslöw Katharina
Published: November 2016

In recent years, Europe has been facing the Euro crisis, questioning the whole process of European integration. However, scholars argue that this crisis also presents an opportunity for the Europeanization of national public spheres as public attention regarding Europe has increased. Therefore, this study examines the media discourse on the crisis and the possible convergence of the national public spheres of Germany and Spain. It investigates how the issue is framed and who participates in the discourse during the crisis between 2010 and 2014 in German and Spanish online quality newspapers. Based on a content analysis of 7,256 statements in 961 articles, frames were identified in a data‐driven approach. Results show that German and Spanish media have Europeanized their framing during the crisis and mainly support Europe's policy. This convergence has occurred despite a slight renationalization of discourse participants, indicating that Europeanization has been increasingly sustained by national actors.
Multivariate sexual selection on male tegmina in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae)
Authors: Ower G. D. , Hunt J. , Sakaluk S. K.
Published: November 2016

Although the strength and form of sexual selection on song in male crickets have been studied extensively, few studies have examined selection on the morphological structures that underlie variation in males’ song, particularly in wild populations. Geometric morphometric techniques were used to measure sexual selection on the shape, size and symmetry of both top and bottom tegmina in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, a species in which nuptial feeding by females imposes an unambiguous phenotypic marker on males. The size of the tegmina negatively covaried with song dominant frequency and positively covaried with song pulse duration. Sexual selection was more intense on the bottom tegmen, conceivably because it interacts more freely with the subtegminal airspace, which may play a role in song amplification. An expanded coastal/subcostal region was one of the phenotypes strongly favoured by disruptive selection on the bottom tegmen, an adaptation that may form a more effective seal with the thorax to prevent noise cancellation. Directional selection also favoured increased symmetry in tegminal shape. Assuming more symmetrical males are better able to buffer against developmental noise, the song produced by these males may make them more attractive to females. Despite the strong stabilizing selection documented previously on the dominant frequency of the song, stabilizing selection on the resonator that regulates dominant frequency was surprisingly absent. Nonetheless, wing morphology had an important influence on song structure and appears to be subject to significant linear and nonlinear sexual selection through female mate choice.
Use of Chemically Treated Tropical Forage on the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk
Authors: Martins S.C.S.G. , Carvalho G.G.P. , Pires A.J.V. , Silva R.R. , Leite L.C. , Lacerda E.C.Q. , Moreira J.V. , Cruz C.H. , Carvalho B.M.A.
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the use of chemically treated tropical forage in nutritional profile of bovine milk. We evaluated four cane sugar silages: without additive (control); with 1% urea; with 0.5% urea + 0.5% calcium oxide (CaO); with 1% CaO, with base on natural matter, the feeding of dairy cows. There was no difference in the physical‐chemical milk characteristics. The sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher for diet with sugar cane silage with 1% CaO. The activity of the enzyme Δ9‐desaturase in the mammary gland was greatest for myristoleic acid (C14:1 c9) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1 c9) with the diet with sugar cane silage with 1% urea. Among the evaluated diets, the best one was that used 1% CaO in sugar cane silage because it provided higher proportions of PUFA, Omega‐3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid and its isomers.

Practical Applications

There is considerable interest in altering the fatty acid composition of milk with the overall aim of improving the long‐term health of consumers. In general, milk fat synthesis directly responds to changes in ruminal fermentation pattern, given that in this process both precursors and metabolites of regulatory synthesis in the mammary gland are produced.

The use of additives in the diet also changes the pattern of rumen fermentation and consequently the fat synthesis in milk. There are very few studies that seek to evaluate the effect of additives in the ensiling process on rumen environment and milk characteristics. More than that, study the safety and quality of the product for consumers.
Influence of Lime Juice on the Pink Discoloration and Quality of Sous‐Vide Processed Chicken Breast During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Hong Go‐Eun , Mandal Prabhat Kumar , Kim Ji‐Han , Park Woo‐Joon , Oh Jae‐Wook , Lim Ki‐Won , Lee Chi‐Ho
Published: November 2016

Effect of lime juice on pink discoloration of sous‐vide chicken in refrigerated storage is reported. Chicken breasts were marinated with 0.9% NaCl solution (CON), citric acid 1% (CIT), lime juice 0.5% (LL) and lime juice 1% (LH) for 12 h before sous‐vide cooking. The pH values in the CIT and LH groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of CON and LL groups. Expressible drip in the LL group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher. The pink color of drip and thiobarbituric acid values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in treatment groups. Volatile basic nitrogen of LL group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower. Redness of CIT and LL groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower. No significant difference observed in sensory scores of the treatment and control. Coliform count was under log 0.83 CFU/g and treatment groups had lower counts than control and Salmonella was not detected in any of the groups.

Practical Applications

Lime juice treatment for sous‐vide cooked chicken breast improved the meat quality by inhibiting pink discoloration and bacterial growth as much as citric acid treatment. Lime juice usage can lead to consumer satisfaction due to the increase in consumer preference for natural food additives. Furthermore, lime juice contains citric acid and vitamin C, which are believed to prolong shelf‐life by reducing lipid oxidation and protein degradation and to provide other positive health effects. Lime juice can be used to prevent pink discoloration of chicken breast processed with sous‐vide cooking and protect the quality at refrigerator up to 14 days.
Clinical value of octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 as a prognostic marker in patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Zhang Long , Zhu Qin , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Jindao , Wang Xuehao
Published: November 2016

Background and Aim

The role of octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) has been implicated in the clinical prognosis of various kinds of digestive system cancers, but the results remain controversial. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to assess the potential role of Oct4 as a prognostic marker in digestive system tumors.

Methods

Relevant articles were retrieved from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to July 2016. The software Stata 12.0 was used to analyze the outcomes, including overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival, recurrence‐free survival, and clinicopathological characteristics.

Results

A total of 13 eligible studies with 1538 patients were included. Elevated Oct4 expression was significantly associated with poor OS (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 2.183, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.824–2.612), disease‐free survival (pooled HR = 1.973, 95% CI: 1.538–2.532), and recurrence‐free survival (pooled HR = 2.209, 95% CI: 1.461–3.338) of digestive system malignancies. Subgroup analyses showed that cancer type, sample size, study quality, and laboratory detection method did not alter the significant prognostic value of Oct4. Additionally, Oct4 expression was found to be an independent predictive factor for OS (HR = 2.068, 95% CI: 1.633–2.619). No significant association was found between Oct4 and clinicopathological features of digestive system malignancies.

Conclusion

This study provided evidence of Oct4 and/or its closely related homolog protein as a predictive factor for patients with digestive system cancers. More large‐scale clinical studies on the prognostic value of Oct4 are warranted.
Training Nonnursing Staff to Assist with Nutritional Care Delivery in Nursing Homes: A Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Simmons Sandra F. , Hollingsworth Emily K. , Long Emily A. , Liu Xulei , Shotwell Matthew S. , Keeler Emmett , An Ruopeng , Silver Heidi J.
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To determine the effect and cost‐effectiveness of training nonnursing staff to provide feeding assistance for nutritionally at‐risk nursing home (NH) residents.

Design

Randomized, controlled trial.

Setting

Five community NHs.

Participants

Long‐stay NH residents with an order for caloric supplementation (N = 122).

Intervention

Research staff provided an 8‐hour training curriculum to nonnursing staff. Trained staff were assigned to between‐meal supplement or snack delivery for the intervention group; the control group received usual care.

Measurements

Research staff used standardized observations and weighed‐intake methods to measure frequency of between‐meal delivery, staff assistance time, and resident caloric intake.

Results

Fifty staff (mean 10 per site) completed training. The intervention had a significant effect on between‐meal caloric intake (F = 56.29, P < .001), with the intervention group consuming, on average, 163.33 (95% CI = 120.19–206.47) calories per person per day more than the usual care control group. The intervention costs were $1.27 per person per day higher than usual care (P < .001). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for the intervention was 134 kcal per dollar. The increase in cost was due to the higher frequency and number of snack items given per person per day and the associated staff time to provide assistance.

Conclusion

It is cost effective to train nonnursing staff to provide caloric supplementation, and this practice has a positive effect on residents’ between‐meal intake.
Validation of the Chinese Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic for Screening Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chen Ke‐Liang , Xu Yan , Chu Ai‐Qun , Ding Ding , Liang Xiao‐Niu , Nasreddine Ziad S. , Dong Qiang , Hong Zhen , Zhao Qian‐Hua , Guo Qi‐Hao
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA‐BC) as a screening tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Chinese elderly adults.

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Participants

Individuals with MCI (n = 264) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 160) were recruited from the Memory Clinic, Huashan Hospital; cognitively normal controls were recruited from Jinshan Community, Shanghai, China (n = 280).

Measurements

MoCA‐BC scores.

Results

The MoCA‐BC had good criterion‐related validity (Pearson correlation coefficient MoCA‐BC vs MMSE = 0.787) and reliable internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.807). The optimal cutoff scores for MCI screening were 19 for individuals with no more than 6 years of education, 22 for individuals with 7 to 12 years of education, and 24 for individuals with more than 12 years of education. The MoCA‐BC was superior to the MMSE for detecting MCI, with optimal sensitivity and specificity across all education groups using the above cutoff scores.

Conclusion

The MoCA‐BC is a reliable cognitive screening test across all education levels in Chinese elderly adults, with high acceptance and good reliability.
Omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum zinc, delta‐5‐ and delta‐6‐desaturase activities and incident metabolic syndrome
Authors: Yary T. , Voutilainen S. , Tuomainen T.‐P. , Ruusunen A. , Nurmi T. , Virtanen J. K.
Published: November 2016

Background

The associations of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with metabolic syndrome have been poorly explored. We investigated the associations of the serum n‐6 PUFA and the activities of enzymes involved in the PUFA metabolism, delta‐5‐desaturase (D5D) and delta‐6‐desaturase (D6D) with risk of incident metabolic syndrome. We also investigated whether zinc, a cofactor for these enzymes, modifies these associations.

Methods

A prospective follow‐up study was conducted on 661 men who were aged 42–60 years old at baseline in 1984–1989 and who were re‐examined in 1998–2001.

Results

Men in the highest versus the lowest serum total omega‐6 PUFA tertile had a 70% lower multivariate‐adjusted risk of incident metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18–0.51, Ptrend < 0.001]. Inverse associations were also observed for linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and D5D activity. By contrast, men in the highest tertile of D6D activity had an 84% higher risk (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.15–2.94, Ptrend = 0.008). Similar associations were observed with many of the metabolic syndrome components at the re‐examinations. Most associations were attenuated after adjustment for body mass index. Finally, the associations of D6D and LA were stronger among those with a higher serum zinc concentration.

Conclusions

Higher serum total n‐6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid concentrations and D5D activity were associated with a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome and higher D6D activity was associated with a higher risk. The role of zinc also needs to be investigated in other populations.
ARF2 coordinates with PLETHORAs and PINs to orchestrate ABA‐mediated root meristem activity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Promchuea Sujittra , Zhu Yujuan , Chen Zhizhong , Zhang Jing , Gong Zhizhong
Published: November 2016

Multiple hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin, regulate cell division and differentiation of Arabidopsis root meristems. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2) functions as a negative regulator of ABA responses, as seed germination and primary root growth of arf2 mutants are hypersensitive to ABA. In this study, we found that ABA treatment reduced the expression levels of the PIN‐FORMEDs (PIN) auxin efflux carriers, PIN1, PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7, to a greater extent in the root meristems of arf2‐101 mutant than in the wild type. Also, arf2‐101 pin1 and arf2‐101 pin4 double mutants show less ABA‐induced inhibition of root meristem activity than the arf2‐101 mutants. Furthermore, ARF2 positively mediates the transcripts of transcription factor PLETHORA 1 (PLT1) gene but negatively mediates PLT2 at protein level in root meristems. Using a dexamethasone (DEX)‐inducible transgenic line, Pro35S:PLT2‐GR, we showed that PLT2 greatly promotes cell division and completely inhibits cell differentiation in root meristems of the arf2‐101 mutant once PLT2 is induced by DEX, which can be partially reversed by ABA treatment, suggesting that ABA regulates root meristem activity in both ARF2‐dependent and independent pathways. Our results uncover a complex regulatory architecture in which ARF2 coordinates with PLTs and PINs to orchestrate ABA‐mediated regulation of root meristem activity in Arabidopsis.
Clinical Training and Practice Patterns of Medical Family Therapists: A National Survey
Authors: Zubatsky Max , Harris Steven M. , Mendenhall Tai J.
Published: November 2016

Medical family therapy (MedFT) has gained momentum as a framework in healthcare for individuals and families. However, little is known about what background training and clinical experiences Medical Family Therapists (MedFTs) have in everyday practice. This study investigated the clinical training of MedFTs and their practices in a variety of care settings. A survey was completed by 80 participants who use a MedFT framework in practice, with descriptive data on curriculum, clinical training, and treatment characteristics. Results reflect that many MedFTs lack formal coursework in key content areas of their graduate training and work primarily with psychological and relational concerns. Future research is needed to explore how MedFTs practice around specific mental health and chronic health conditions.
Job Satisfaction and Subjective Well‐Being Among Midwives: Analysis of a Multinational Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Jarosova Darja , Gurkova Elena , Ziakova Katarina , Nedvedova Daniela , Palese Alvisa , Godeas Gloria , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi , Song Mi Sook , Lee Jongwon , Cordeiro Raul , Babiarczyk Beata , Fras Malgorzata
Published: November 2016

Introduction

There is a considerable amount of empirical evidence to indicate a positive association between an employee's subjective well‐being and workplace performance and job satisfaction. Compared with nursing research, there is a relative lack of consistent scientific evidence concerning midwives’ subjective well‐being and its determinants related to domains of job satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between the domains of job satisfaction and components of subjective well‐being in hospital midwives.

Methods

This cross‐sectional descriptive study involved 1190 hospital midwives from 7 countries. Job satisfaction was measured by the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Subjective well‐being was conceptualized in the study by the 2 components (the affective and the cognitive component). The affective component of subjective well‐being (ie, emotional well‐being) was assessed by the Positive and the Negative Affect Scale. The cognitive component of subjective well‐being (ie, life satisfaction) was measured by the Personal Well‐Being Index. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to determine associations between variables.

Results

Findings from correlation and regression analyses indicated an overall weak association between the domains of job satisfaction and components of subjective well‐being. Satisfaction with extrinsic rewards, coworkers, and interaction opportunities accounted for only 13% of variance in the cognitive component (life satisfaction). The affective component (emotional well‐being) was weakly associated with satisfaction with control and responsibility.

Discussion

The low amount of variance suggests that neither component of subjective well‐being is influenced by the domains of job satisfaction. Further studies should focus on identifying other predictors of subjective well‐being among midwives. A better understanding of how specific job facets are related to the subjective well‐being of midwives might assist employers in the design of counseling and intervention programs for subjective well‐being of midwives in the workplace and workplace performance.
Innate immune defense in the inner ear – mucines are expressed by the human endolymphatic sac
Authors: Møller Martin N. , Kirkeby Svend , Cayé‐Thomasen Per
Published: November 2016

The human endolymphatic sac has been shown recently to have immunological capacities and has thus been proposed as the main entity protecting the inner ear from pathogen invasion, equivalent to mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Although the sac expresses molecules of the innate immune system, the potential expression of members of the important mucin family has not been detailed. Thus, this paper explores endolymphatic sac expression of a number of mucins and mucin precursors. Twelve fresh tissue samples from the human endolymphatic sac were obtained during translabyrinthine surgery. The expression of Mucin 1, 2, 5B/AC and 16, as well as the core structure elements (mucin precursors) T‐antigen, Tn‐antigen and Sialyl‐Tn‐antigen was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The endolymphatic sac epithelium expressed MUC1 (both apically towards the endolymphatic sac (ES) lumen and basally towards the capillary network), MUC 16 and Tn‐antigen. There was no labeling after incubation with antibodies against T‐antigen, sialyl‐Tn‐antigen, MUC2 and MUC5B/AC. We conclude that the human endolymphatic sac epithelium expresses a number of mucin molecules, which supports the hypothesis of the sac as the primary immunological tissue structure of the inner ear, equivalent to MALT in other organs. The mucins may also play a role in the formation and continuous homeostasis of the inner ear fluids, as well as the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease.
THE IMPACT OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION: A SURVEY
Authors: Martinez‐Vazquez Jorge , Lago‐Peñas Santiago , Sacchi Agnese
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and updated review of the impact of fiscal decentralization on the economy, society and politics. Our first target is the examination of two crucial and yet unsolved issues in the empirical literature on decentralization: the proper measurement of decentralization itself and its potential endogeneity in econometric estimates. Then, we discuss the main existing findings on the effects of decentralization on a relevant list of socio‐economic issues. The impact of fiscal decentralization reforms on political institutions and public policies is also considered. Complete answers on the impact of fiscal decentralization are not likely to be certain but, overall, there are reasons to be optimistic about the net positive result. Our survey by necessity has to be selective but it presents a balanced view of what is known and what is not yet known opening room for further research and practice on fiscal decentralization.
Attention to Fairness versus Profits: The Determinants of Satisficing Pricing
Authors: McCann Brian T. , Shinkle George A.
Published: November 2016

We investigate determinants of the competitive behaviour of satisficing, non‐profit‐maximizing pricing. Taking a behavioural approach, we argue that pricing decisions are motivated by fairness objectives as well as the desire to achieve economic objectives. We draw from the attention‐based view to build our theoretical model explaining the contextual conditions that are most likely to be associated with attention to fairness relative to attention to achieving maximum profits when setting prices. Our hypothesized predictors of satisficing pricing decisions encompass the institutional context in which the firm is embedded, the exchange context with customers and suppliers, and the context internal to the firm. Hypotheses are tested with survey data of over 3000 firms from 15 countries. We find that the decision to set prices at a satisficing level is remarkably common, and its prevalence is associated with contextual factors that are consistent with greater attention to fairness concerns.
Wallerian Degeneration Beyond the Corticospinal Tracts: Conventional and Advanced MRI Findings
Authors: Chen Yin Jie , Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali , Vossough Arastoo , Kumar Sunil , Loevner Laurie A. , Mohan Suyash
Published: November 2016

Wallerian degeneration (WD) is defined as progressive anterograde disintegration of axons and accompanying demyelination after an injury to the proximal axon or cell body. Since the 1980s and 1990s, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been shown to be sensitive to changes of WD in the subacute to chronic phases. More recently, advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have demonstrated some of earliest changes attributed to acute WD, typically on the order of days. In addition, there is increasing evidence on the value of advanced MRI techniques in providing important prognostic information related to WD. This article reviews the utility of conventional and advanced MRI techniques for assessing WD, by focusing not only on the corticospinal tract but also other neural tracts less commonly thought of, including corticopontocerebellar tract, dentate‐rubro‐olivary pathway, posterior column of the spinal cord, corpus callosum, limbic circuit, and optic pathway. The basic anatomy of these neural pathways will be discussed, followed by a comprehensive review of existing literature supported by instructive clinical examples. The goal of this review is for readers to become more familiar with both conventional and advanced MRI findings of WD involving important neural pathways, as well as to illustrate increasing utility of advanced MRI techniques in providing important prognostic information for various pathologies.