bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TriBURTER: invención y validación perceptual del dispositivo portátil de vibración de alta frecuencia y entrenamiento muscular para pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias
Authors: Espitia Ángela , Saavedra Maria Fernanda , Mogollón Melissa , Cáceres Diana , Nova Olga , Ramírez-Sarmiento Alba , Carvajal Durley , Moreno Jeam Zulma , Rodríguez Leonardo , Serrano Norma , Pizarro Camilo , Reyes Carlos , Orozco-Levi Mauricio
Published: February 2023

Introducción: los dispositivos respiratorios vibrátiles son útiles como elementos de terapia respiratoria pues facilitan la expectoración de las secreciones bronquiales. Un dispositivo respiratorio de vibración que incorpore válvulas duales representa una innovación relevante respecto a los modelos existentes. El presente estudio describe la invención y evaluación de un nuevo dispositivo médico portátil de vibración de alta frecuencia para uso humano que permite simultáneamente el entrenamiento muscular respiratorio para pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias, al que se ha denominado con el acrónimo TriBURTER. Métodos: se conceptualizaron, diseñaron y construyeron modelos virtuales y prototipos funcionales siguiendo metodología de bioingeniería y evaluación in situ del funcionamiento a través de simuladores electrónicos. Adicionalmente se evaluaron, mediante escalas psicométricas especíicas, los aspectos perceptuales de la morfología y funcionamiento del dispositivo tanto en voluntarios sanos como pacientes. Resultados: se creó un dispositivo que logra tres efectos: facilitar la movilización de secreciones bronquiales, inducir efecto de entrenamiento sobre los músculos inspiratorios, e inducir entrenamiento de músculos espiratorios. La evaluación perceptual demostró que el diseño inal del dispositivo es seguro, adecuado, suiciente y práctico. Conclusión: TriBURTER es un dispositivo médico innovador de terapia respiratoria vibrátil que facilita el drenaje de secreciones y genera una sobrecarga muscular, tanto inspiratoria como espiratoria, regulable y útil en el tratamiento de las enfermedades respiratorias, y que puede ser aplicado tanto en ámbito ambulatorio como domiciliario u hospitalario. Su evaluación perceptual demostró seguridad clínica y una adecuada aceptación de uso por parte de los voluntarios sanos y pacientes en términos de cualidad y funcionamiento. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):49-57.
Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como herramienta educativa en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una IPS de la ciudad de Manizales
Authors: Molina-de-Salazar Dora , Botero-Baena Sandra , Esparza-Albornoz Angela , Barrera Camilo , Morales Natalia , Holguin María , Granada Esteban , Chacón Jose Arnoby
Published: February 2023

Introducción: las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles causan gran morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial por lo que se requiere de estrategias innovadoras que impacten en el autocuidado, adopción de estilos de vida saludables y manejo de ellas. En la actualidad, las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación constituyen un recurso para mejorar la efectividad y la eicacia de programas dirigidos a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, superar las limitaciones estructurales y la disponibilidad de recursos humanos existentes en los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como herramienta educativa para promover estilos de vida saludables y adherencia a la medicación, conocer la percepción de los usuarios frente a la intervención y observar el efecto sobre variables clínicas. Materiales y Métodos: estudio longitudinal, donde se incluyeron 90 pacientes de la consulta externa de una institución prestadora de salud de Manizales para recibir mensajes de texto. Fueron seleccionados hombres y mujeres mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus con teléfono celular propio o de un cuidador cercano que aceptaran recibir los mensajes de texto en su teléfono móvil. Los mensajes contenían información sobre estilos de vida saludable y fueron enviados entre agosto y diciembre de 2014 durante 29 semanas. 68 sujetos completaron el seguimiento. Al inal de la intervención, se evaluó la aceptación, utilidad y efectos sobre parámetros de laboratorio y clínicos. Resultados: el 100% de los pacientes que conirmaron la recepción de los mensajes percibieron una mejoría en su autocuidado; evidenciándose cambios en la dieta (95,16%) y mejoría en la adherencia a la medicación (59%), además de caliicarse la utilidad del servicio como excelente por el 61,5% de los sujetos. Sin embargo no se encontraron cambios estadísticamente signiicativos en variables clínicas y de laboratorio. Conclusiones: la percepción de los pacientes frente al uso de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación es positiva y genera cambios en aspectos como la alimentación y la adherencia a la medicación, por lo que constituye una herramienta en la promoción de estilos de vida saludables y manejo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Se requiere de estudios controlados estandarizados mediante un seguimiento a largo plazo para determinar el impacto real sobre variables clínicas y su costo-beneicio. Además se deberá individualizar el tipo de población que obtendría mayor beneicio. MÉD. UIS. 2016;29(2):59-70.
Decúbito prono en el Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria Aguda, de la fisiología a la práctica clínica
Authors: Rodriguez-Buenahora Ruben Dario , Ordoñez-Sánchez Sergio Alexander , Gómez-Olaya Jimmy Leandro , Camargo-Lozada Marly Esperanza
Published: February 2023

El síndrome de diicultad respiratoria aguda incluye una compleja serie de acontecimientos que conducen a daño alveolar, edema pulmonar por aumento de la permeabilidad vascular e insuiciencia respiratoria; muchos procesos están relacionados con su aparición, la característica común es la activación de los neutróilos en la circulación pulmonar o sistémica. Las manifestaciones clínicas aparecen generalmente 6 a 72 horas posterior al inicio del evento y empeoran rápidamente. El tratamiento se basa en un manejo interdisciplinario por parte del personal de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, se debe realizar un reconocimiento precoz de los pacientes descartando otras causas de hipoxemia, identiicar y tratar la causa subyacente, y emplear la ventilación mecánica para asegurar correcta oxigenación, intentando siempre proteger los pulmones de la lesión pulmonar inducida por la técnica. La ventilación en decúbito prono favorece el aumento de la oxigenación en pacientes con este síndrome, los mecanismos que producen este incremento son probablemente múltiples e interdependientes y no han sido dilucidados en su totalidad. Es un procedimiento de bajo costo, recomendado implementar en pacientes categoría grave, y preferentemente en etapa tempana de la enfermedad, aunque es necesario realizar estudios futuros que puedan establecer el verdadero impacto en la mortalidad para evaluar su uso sistemático en todos los pacientes con Síndrome de Diicultad Respiratoria Aguda. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):81-101.
Miocardiopatía periparto: patología potencialmente mortal
Authors: Durán-Morales María Angélica , Ariza-Parra Edwin J.
Published: February 2023

Introducción: la cardiomiopatía periparto es una condición clínica subestimada, lo que conlleva a que sea una entidad olvidada, con un retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento y con ello a altas tasas de morbi-mortalidad. El diagnóstico se basa en síntomas y signos clínicos, además de la evidencia de falla cardíaca que se desarrolle durante el último mes de embarazo y los primeros cinco meses posparto con una disfunción ventricular izquierda evidenciada ecocardiográicamente. Objetivo: realizar una revisión actual de los diferentes componentes de la enfermedad, desde su epidemiología, etiología, isiopatología, avances en diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento. Metodología de búsqueda: se realizó una búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos como PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct y Google académico en donde se encontraron 96 artículos de los cuales fueron seleccionados 38 artículos descartándose varios que no cumplían criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se escogió la información más actualizada de las bases de datos encontradas, en donde se hallaron 55 artículos. Se revisó clasiicación, etiología, isiopatología, diagnóstico, Tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: la cardiomiopatía Periparto continua siendo un gran reto médico diagnóstico y de tratamiento para todo un gran equipo multidisciplinario; debe existir una sospecha diagnostica para poder iniciar un adecuado abordaje y tratamiento oportuno en donde pueda lograrse una disminución en la morbimortalidad tanto para la madre como para el feto. Existen nuevos avances para el tratamiento de forma quirúrgica, que ayudan a mejorar la calidad de vida en aquellas mujeres que quedan con una falla cardiaca posterior. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):103-11.
Hibridación genómica comparativa: su interpretación y uso como herramienta diagnóstica en retardo mental inespecífico y síndromes de microdeleción/microduplicación
Authors: Posada-Guiran Stephania , Osorio Victoria Andrea , Garzón-Guerrón Lizeth Gabriela , Ramírez-Cheyne Julián
Published: February 2023

En Colombia el cariotipo por bandeo es todavía la prueba inicial más usada en el estudio de pacientes con retardo mental o con anomalías congénita múltiples. Sin embargo, las técnicas moleculares, particularmente la hibridación genómica comparativa con microarrays, han permitido identiicar un número creciente de síndromes de microduplicación o microdeleción en estos pacientes, de modo que mundialmente esta es hoy en día la tecnología de elección para evaluar alteraciones del número de copias. Se realiza esta revisión de la literatura con el objetivo de brindar al personal médico información actualizada acerca de la interpretación y el papel de la hibridación genómica comparativa con microarrays como herramienta diagnóstica en retardo mental inespecíico, síndromes de microdeleción/ microduplicación y análisis cromosómico prenatal. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):137-44.
Miasis cutánea masiva que simula invasión cerebral. Presentación de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Piña-Tornés Arlines A. , Salvador-Fernández Carlos Luis , Lindao-Camacho Reina , González-Longoria-Boada Lourdes B. , Vintimilla-Burgos Napoleón Patricio , Barberán-Torres José Pedro
Published: February 2023

La miasis es la infestación o parasitismo de los tejidos vivos o necróticos y órganos de humanos y animales provocada por larvas de dípteros, es endémica de zonas tropicales y subtropicales de América y África; más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres y en personas de mediana y tercera edad, viéndose afectados principalmente pacientes con alguna condición médica o anatómica predisponente. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye enfermedades comunes como la celulitis y forunculosis; su tratamiento está dirigido a la remoción total de las larvas, ya sea por presión manual o quirúrgica y su complicación más temida es la infección secundaria. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura en el contexto de la presentación de un caso clínico de miasis cutánea masiva, que simuló invasión cerebral y requirió hospitalización prolongada bajo tratamiento médico-quirúrgico, con el objetivo de resaltar la importancia del conocimiento de la enfermedad, su evolución y hacer énfasis sobre los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, quirúrgicos y preventivos más importantes en relación con esta entidad. Como conclusión se asume que la miasis es una enfermedad prevenible, con un buen pronóstico de curación, si es detectada y diagnosticada a tiempo. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):145-53.
Tuberculoma epidural espinal simulando Síndrome de Guillain-Barré: presentación de un caso
Authors: Alarcón-Olave Camila , Bolívar-Mejía Adrian , Calvo-Betancourt Lauren S. , Africano-Lopez Ferney , Rueda-Ochoa Oscar L.
Published: February 2023

El sistema nervioso central es uno de los focos extrapulmonares afectados con mayor frecuencia por tuberculosis, no obstante, el tuberculoma epidural espinal es considerado una rareza. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de cuatro años de edad, quien consulta por cuadro de cuadriparesia progresiva. Al examen de líquido cefalorraquídeo se evidenció disociación proteínico celular diagnosticándose síndrome de Guillain Barré, sin embargo, tras la aparición de signos meníngeos, se realizó una resonancia nuclear magnética de columna en la que se evidenció lesión compresiva a nivel cervicodorsal que fue posteriormente explorada quirúrgicamente por neurocirugía, encontrándose una lesión epidural cuyo estudio microbiológico, cultivo y estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa se reportaron positivos para Mycobacterium tuberculosis, por lo que se inició tratamiento antituberculoso observándose mejoría clínica y progresiva con recuperación de la marcha tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):155-9.
Efectos cardiovasculares de un protocolo de reacondicionamiento físico en pacientes críticos de tres centros asistenciales en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Enciso-Olivera Cesar Orlando , Galvis-Rincón Juan Carlos , De-La-Torre-Díaz Erika , Devia-León Alejandra , Camargo-Puerto Daniel Alejandro
Published: February 2023

El síndrome de desacondicionamiento físico es una complicación frecuente en los pacientes con reposo prolongado; su principal característica es la atroia muscular que afecta principalmente las ibras musculares tipo II y se asocia a un daño de la placa neuromuscular. Esto conlleva a múltiples alteraciones metabólicas y sistémicas, como la diicultad para abandonar la ventilación mecánica, la fatiga, el retorno tardío a las actividades de la vida cotidiana y períodos de rehabilitación prolongados. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los cambios cardiovasculares en pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado intensivo, al aplicar un protocolo de actividad física dirigida como parte de la rehabilitación. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos que se realizó en tres unidades de cuidado intensivo de tipo polivalente durante un año con una muestra de 23 pacientes que tuvieron una estancia superior a 72 horas y que como parte del manejo recibieron ventilación mecánica. Se evaluaron como parámetros cardiovasculares la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca antes, durante y después de cada una de las cargas aplicadas, las cuales fueron ajustadas por un especialista en medicina de la actividad física y del deporte de acuerdo a la evolución clínica y posteriormente registradas en una escala del uno al treinta y dos. Se analizaron los datos de las variables cardiovasculares por medio de estadísticas no paramétricas sin encontrar diferencias signiicativas concluyendo que en pacientes críticos, la utilización de cargas orientadas por parte del especialista idóneo, no tiene efecto cardiovascular considerable y puede mantenerse como parte de los protocolos de rehabilitación. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):161-73.
Cirrosis hepática por hepatitis autoinmune: Serie de casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Zubieta-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Gómez-Correa Jaime , Rodríguez-Amaya Reynaldo
Published: February 2023

Las enfermedades hepáticas autoinmunes constituyen una causa importante de cirrosis hepática y dado que un tratamiento oportuno impacta en su pronóstico y desenlace, es muy importante conocer sus formas de presentación, diagnóstico y tratamiento, para ofrecer a los pacientes las mejores opciones terapéuticas de una manera oportuna. El objetivo del presente artículo fue describir las características de un grupo de pacientes adultos con cirrosis hepática por hepatitis autoinmune atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Santander en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia y hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre las principales características de la hepatitis autoinmune. Para dicho propósito, se presentan cinco casos de cirrosis hepática secundaria a hepatitis autoinmune, de los cuales se analizaron las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y de laboratorio y se comparó con lo encontrado en la literatura médica después de una revisión del tema. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):175-82.
Hacia un enfoque integral de la atención médica en Colombia
Authors: Rueda-García Paola Andrea
Published: February 2023

Los avances de la medicina en los últimos dos siglos han traído notables beneicios a la población mundial, pero también algunas diicultades. La medicina familiar surge como respuesta a la inconformidad expresada por los pacientes ante la fragmentación del ser humano, brindando una atención integral y continua, enfocada en la persona y su entorno. En Colombia el médico familiar se ve enfrentado además a nuevos retos, en el marco de la nueva legislación en salud vigente desde enero de 2011 y de la cual se espera que traiga consigo modiicaciones importantes a la situación en salud del país. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):183-6.
Ngā whai painga o Te Ao Haka | The positive impacts of Te Ao Haka for ākonga, whānau, and kaiako
Authors:   NZCER, Bright Nicola , Durie Keita , Tuifagalele Renee ,   NZCER, Robinson Taniora
Published: February 2023

This report It sets out out to understand what benefits and changes can occur for ākonga Māori, whānau, and kaiako when a subject such as Te Ao Haka—that is grounded in te Ao Māori and centres Māori culture, language and identity, knowledge systems, and iwi traditions—has mana ōrite or equal status within NCEA and The New Zealand Curriculum.
Toward Personalized Psychiatry: Integrating Pharmacogenetics into Psychiatry
Authors: Shamabadi Ahmad , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: February 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Community-Based Disaster Health Management Approaches: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Shafiei Moghaddam Parvin , Sohrabizadeh Sanaz , Jahangiri Katayoun , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed
Published: February 2023

Background: Community-based interventions can be effective due to the active participations of communities in pre- and post-disaster planning and management. Effective community-based disaster management for health promotion can be achieved by learning from the successful local and international experiences of community participations. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the community active participation approaches which were effective in promoting the health of disaster-affected communities.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted and reported based on PRISMA guideline. Web of Sciences, PubMed and Scopus were searched using the selected keywords. The inclusion criteria were all forms of published articles which studied the approaches of community active participations for improving their health in disasters. The selection of articles was conducted using the titles and abstracts. Data analysis was done based on the categorization of different community-based disaster management approaches.
Results: 10 articles were finally selected out of 2843 documents generated by initial search. Asian countries considered community involvements in disaster management the most (40%). The most community active participations in disaster management were conducted in the recovery phase (80%). Approaches of community-based disaster management for the health promotion were two-way university-community participation, focusing on empowering specific community groups, governance, and localizing community participation as well as strengthening social networks.
Conclusion: Considering the capacities of academic institutions for active participation in community-based disaster management according to the Yokohama, Hyogo and Sendai Framework is highly suggested. Further research is needed to explore the challenges of community communication and information in disasters.
Common Coronavirus Disease 2019 Upper Respiratory Tract Sampling Techniques in Children
Authors: Badv Reza Shervin , Sotoudeh Anvari Maryam , Toutounchian Farhoud , Toosang Moones , Monajemzadeh Maryam , Haghi Ashtiani MohammadTaghi , Mamishi Setareh , Mirnia Keyvan , Shirzadi Rohola , Mohammadi Abbas
Published: February 2023

Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, most studies have focused on sampling technique in adults. Considering the need to be aware of the effectiveness and evaluation of sampling methods in children, we have motivated a search for introducing and performing sampling techniques, especially upper respiratory tract sampling in children. We systematically reviewed the literature to understand the performance of different sampling methods in children in COVID-19.
Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed, Google Scholar, medRxiv, and bioRxiv (last retrieval August 1st, 2021) for comparative studies of deferent sampling techniques by using the search keywords including: children, pediatric sampling, nasopharyngeal, COVID-19, oropharyngeal, swabs, SARS, CoV2. 8 relevant manuscripts were sourced from a total of 4852 search results.
Results: Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs testing significantly had higher positivity rate over oropharyngeal swab in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Nasal swab has a low sensitivity in detecting SARSCoV-2 in children when referred to the nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA), whereas its specificity is high. Therefore, NPA can be as the gold standard for detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: Saliva is not a useful for diagnosing COVID-19 in children. Negative nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs do not rule out COVID-19 and in patients with strong clinical suspicion, and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can be helpful.
Review of the Literature on Different Aspects of Testosterone Therapy for Women
Authors: Abedi Amir Reza , Allameh Farzad , Hosseini Sedighe , Ghahestani Seyed Mohammad , Tadayon Niki
Published: February 2023

Testosterone is necessary for general well- being, mental and physical health. Testosterone level decreases with age. Women also benefit from testosterone therapy. Testosterone therapy improves mood, mental and physical health. Testosterone therapy mitigates risk of cardiovascular event and improves measures of body habitus and can be considered as an adjuvant therapy for weigh loss. Pre-treatment with testosterone seems promising to improve the success of In-vitro Fertilization (IVF) in patients with ovarian failure. Transdermal testosterone use by postmenopausal woman does not influence mammographic density leading to probable misdiagnoses. The only evidence-based indication for testosterone therapy for women is for the treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). No female testosterone product has been approved by national regulatory authority due to the lack of data concerning efficacy and safety of these preparations in women.
Disease Burden in Caregivers of Children with Congenital Heart Disease in Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
Authors: Shahmansouri Nazila , Kamali Azin , Dehbozorgi Sara , Delpak Ataollah , Mirzaaghayan Mohammad Reza , Dehghani Sepideh , Oji Bahare
Published: February 2023

Background: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation in infants. The burden is defined as the perceived caregiver’s sufferings of their emotional or physical health, social and financial life as a result of caring for loved ones. Lifelong CHD endures significant burdens on patients, families, and society. Parents of children with chronic illnesses such as CHD are more likely to be challenged than other parents. Furthermore, evidence shows the impact of this burden on parents’ health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the burden on caregivers of patients with CHD.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 72 caregivers of patients with CHD in the Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran were recruited. Face-to-face interviews with caregivers had been done. The demographic and disease-related data were collected. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was applied for disease burden assessment. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 22.
Results: In the present study, most caregivers 34 (47.2%), suffered from moderate to severe burden. The mean caregiver burden score was 42.78 which is categorized as a moderate to severe burden score. The siblings’ number and level of caregivers’ education had a significant association with the caregiver’s disease burden.
Conclusion: CHD is associated with a significant caregivers’ disease burden. Although the disease-related factors were not related to disease burden, the higher caregivers’ education was related to fewer caregivers’ disease burden. Therefore, paying attention to the caregiver’s burden is an important clinical issue.
Engagement of Healthcare Professionals in Voluntary Activities During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Najafi Niloufar , Khabaz Mafinejad Mahboobeh , Abbaszadeh Mahsa , Gorgani Fateme , Safavi Seyed Amir-Hossein , Parsa Samaneh , Zarei Narjes , Karimpour Reyhan Sahar
Published: February 2023

Background: The coming various disasters, especially probable pandemics, will need a large number of volunteers with different capabilities. Motivation of volunteers, as a driving force, will be very important for future pandemic disaster planning. The aim of this study was to determine the enablers and barriers to the engagement of healthcare professionals in voluntary activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Internal Medicine Departments of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran, Iran. A 44-item questionnaire was designed based on the Literature Review and Experts Panel. Items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from “strongly disagree (1)” to “strongly agree (5)”. Content validity and face validity of the questionnaire were checked by 10 experts and 10 respondents, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha of the items of stimulating and inhibitory factors’ section was calculated 0.83 and 0.92, respectively. A self-administrated paper-based questionnaire has been distributed among healthcare team members.
Results: Out of 105 health care professionals, 80 (76.2%) were female and 41 (39%) were married. The most significant demographic predictor of willingness to volunteering was having no child (p-value=0.001). History of infection, admission, or death of family members or friends in the current pandemic was an important factor to reduce the desire to voluntary activities significantly (p-value=0.019). Depressive disorders and using antidepressants had no relation with the attraction to volunteering, but anxiety disorders had a significant relation with the willingness to be a volunteer (p-value=0.04).
Conclusion: The most important demographic variables influencing the unwillingness to participate in voluntary activities during the COVID-19 crisis are parenting role, history of anxiety disorders, and history of hospitalization or death of relatives or friends. Furthermore, the voluntary participation of healthcare professionals is influenced by facilitating factors such as giving rewards, reducing the period of obligatory military service, having a sense of altruism, and helping others.
Predictors of Daily Life Functioning in HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Ghodrati Saeed , Ghayerin Elnaz , Shahabinezhad Zahra , Asadollahi-Amin Ali , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Nejati Vahid , Alinaghi Sepinood
Published: February 2023

Background: Daily life functioning refers to the skills needed to independently perform day to day routines and deficits of daily life functioning common among people living with HIV. This study aimed to investigate the role of immunologic, virologic, cognitive functioning, and demographic variables to predict daily life function in HIV-infected individuals.
Methods: We recruited 67 HIV-positive individuals who were under the treatment of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) in Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2016. Prospective-retrospective memory questionnaire (PRMQ), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living interview (IADLs), and flow cytometry test to assess CD4 count were used. The data were analyzed with stepwise regression analysis using SPSS-22 software.
Results: The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the prospective/retrospective memory complaints are predictive of daily functioning in people living with HIV (p<0.001, F (1,42) =26.86, R2 adj=0.381). Our results also indicated that CD4 cell count, viral load, age, gender, and education do not predict instrumental activities of daily living scores among HIV-infected individuals (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Future studies should focus on the effects of prospective/retrospective memory rehabilitation to improve the daily function of HIV-infected individuals. Future studies should also focus on the mediating role of muscle mass decreases between the association of daily life functioning with CD4 and viral load.
Evaluation of Relationship Between Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Morbidity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Khederlou Hamid , Hosseini Kaveh , Rasouli Ahmadreza , Sharif Nafiseh , Kazemi Morteza , Mehrpooya Maryam
Published: February 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality rate in Iran. Based on several studies, COVID-19 clinical outcomes are associated with co-morbidities, such as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). It appears that there is a relationship between the COVID-19 prognosis and the existence of CVD-related risk factors, for instance hypertension, obesity, diabetes, etc.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relationship between CVD risk factors and COVID-19 with a total of 100 participants in Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran. A checklist of anthropometric and prognostic information was filled for each patient and finally the data were analyzed.
Results: There was a statistically significant dependence between hospitalization in ICU, reservoir bag-mask, intubation, life-threatening complications, and the final outcome (p<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between CVD risk factors and prognostic parameters like length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization, the requirement to reserve bag-mask oxygenation, etc.
Conclusion: In this investigation, no significant association was observed between CVD-related risk factors and COVID-19 prognosis among Iranian adult COVID-19 cases.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Eslaminejad Alireza , Sharifi Hooman , Sadr Makan , Dastan Farzaneh , Fakharian Atefeh , Heshmatnia Jalal , Mirenayat Maryam Sadat , Najafimehr Hadis
Published: February 2023

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lifestyle-related chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in COPD patients.
Methods:A total of 91 COPD patients were recruited from October 2017 and December 2018. Lung function test, CAT score, 6-minutes’ walk test, Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea score and body mass index, air flow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE index) were evaluated in the patients. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurements of the femoral neck, total femur (including femoral neck, trochanter, and intertrochanter area), and lumbar spine were conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A T-score which was 2.5 standard deviations (SDs) below the average value was indicative of osteoporosis, in accordance with the World Health Organization criteria. We excluded COPD patients who had asthma, malignancy, and fracture.
Results: There were 86 males (mean age ± SD: 66.49±9.40 years) and 5 females (mean age±SD: 65.40±12.40 years). Among all the patients, 46 (51.1 %) patients had osteopenia and 36 (40 %) had osteoporosis. Comparing COPD grades showed grade 2 was a more prevalent grade (41.1 %). There was no statistically association between femoral neck T score (mean±SD: -2.21±0.89) and COPD grade (P= 0.58), while lumber spine T score (mean±SD: -2.13±1.11) was statistically decreased with increasing severity of COPD (p= 0.02).
Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that osteoporosis is common among COPD patients. Moreover, we found significant correlations between BMI, walking test, FEV1, MMRC, and BODE index.
Performance Analysis of Classification and Detection of Brain Tumor MRI Images Using Resnet50 Deep Residual U-Net
Authors: Gajula Srinivasaro , Rajesh V.
Published: February 2023

Background: This research adds to the growing body of work demonstrating the vital role of image categorization in the medical sector. The efficiency of illness diagnosis is being greatly enhanced using image classification. A brain tumor is a collection of abnormal cells in the brain. Diagnostic precision is required when looking for a tumor in the brain because even the smallest error in human judgement can have disastrous results. To get around this problem, the medical community has implemented an automated brain tumor segmentation system. A variety of methods are employed to segment a brain tumor, but the results are inconsistent. To improve the quality of MRI images, we present our findings in this paper. Deep learning methods for image segmentation and classification are discussed in this paper.
Methods: In this paper we a very robust deep learning method for image segmentation and classification. For image classification, we are employing the enhanced faster R-CNN method. The ResNet50 model is used to differentiate between tumor and non-tumor images. The next step in this framework is to use Deep Residual UNET for segmentation. RESUNET is an FCNN that maximizes efficiency. The proposed method works well in terms of its ability to find and classify things accurately.
Results: The accuracy rate for identifying tumours in MRI scans using the proposed technique is 94.23%. Using transfer learning with Resnet50 as the base model and the use of discriminative learning rates, our model achieved superior results than other recent models.
Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, we have integrated the residual networks with the U-Net to make the network stronger. This strategy improves the efficiency of classification and segmentation tools. To achieve a higher level of accuracy, the model may be trained further, or additional data may be applied in the training process.
The Effect of Pirfenidone on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients of Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Fakharian Atefeh , Gholampour Yousef , Eslaminejad Alireza , Alinejad Abdolazim
Published: February 2023

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of lung fibrosis. This chronic and lethal disease is characterized by the gradual progression of fibrosis in the lung and decreased lung oxygen exchange capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pirfenidone on pulmonary parameters such as TLC, FVC, DLCO, 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), and SPO2 has been done.
Methods: In this study, 40 patients with IPF participated in two groups. Pulmonary indicators such as TLC, FVC, VC, and DLCO by wind box and the SPO2 index were calculated by pulse oximetry. The variable of 6MWD is the distance traveled in meters in 6 min. Variables such as age, sex, height, weight, and hospitalization were obtained through interviews with patients. The indicators were reviewed in both groups at 3 and 6 months.
Results: Data analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. The mean reduction in these indexes was lower in the pirfenidone group and the decrease was significant over time. Also, the mean increase in the percentage of distance traveled in the 6MWD in the group of patients receiving pirfenidone was 53.53 and in the placebo group, it was 20.3%, which had a significant difference between the group receiving the drug and placebo was observed.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that pirfenidone is considered as a preferred drug in all phases of the treatment of IPF disease and it has more therapeutic effects than other medicines.
Evaluation of Self-Esteem Status and Common Psychiatric Conditions in Psoriasis Patients Before and After Treatment with Biological Drugs
Authors: Shakoei Safoura , Hamzelou Shahin , Sadeghi Maryam , Effatpanah Mohammad , Nasimi Maryam
Published: February 2023

Background: Skin diseases have many negative effects on self-esteem and quality of life. Psoriasis has several psychological and social impacts on self-esteem. This study was performed to compare the effects of psoriasis on Self-Esteem Status before and after the treatment with biological drugs.
Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional descriptive study, patients with psoriasis referred to two hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were studied. Demographic data were recorded, and disease information was collected through the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. The self-esteem status was determined using the standardized Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Eysenck questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and t-score tests.
Results: The severity of the disease decreased significantly after treatment with biological drugs. Scores related to depression, anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, morbid anxiety, paranoid thoughts, and psychosis decreased after treatment. Self-esteem increased after treatment. The more severe the disease, the less the patients’ self-esteem increased after treatment with biologic drugs (p<0.000). According to the Eysenck measurement index, people with higher socioeconomic levels significantly increase self-esteem after treatment with biological drugs. According to the General Symptom Index (GSI), socioeconomic status has no significant effect on self-esteem.
Conclusion: Treatment of psoriasis patients with biologics can reduce the severity of their disease and improve mental disorders in these patients. This treatment also increases their self-esteem and generally improves their quality of life of these patients.
The Effect of Changing the Concentration of Silver Nanoparticles on the Antibacterial Properties of Silver-PVP Composite-Coated Implants
Authors: Jawad Abdulkadhim Tuqa Mohammed , Khaffaf Ibrahim Al , Hadi Shinen Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Background: The body’s ability to fight the infection in the vicinity of implants decreases, resulting in an increased risk of local infection around the implants. According to importance of this issue, this study investigates the antibacterial properties of implants coated via silver-PVP nanocomposite.
Methods: In this research, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by green synthesis method and using the coffee powder. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of metallic structure of silver nanoparticles. Particle size has been studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Digital Light Scattering (DLS) analysis, showing that the average particle size is about 17 nm. The implants have been coated via silver-PVP nanocomposite using deep coating method at different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles, and antibacterial properties of these samples have been investigated. The obtained results demonstrate a very large non-growth halo in the presence of silver-PVP coating. Also, the repeatability of non-growth halo test, toxicology analysis and pull off adhesion of samples have been studied and analyzed.
Results: According to the MTT results, the appropriate concentration of silver-PVP nanocomposite without cell toxicity has been obtained equal to 118.6 µg/ml. At this concentration, the non-growth halo for both types of bacteria is clearly visible. By repeating the antibacterial test after 5 days, it was observed that the non-growth halo of implants is lasting.
Conclusion: Overall, it can be stated that this study presents a simple, operational, repeatable, and large-scale method for coating the implants and medical equipment that prevents the development of infection in the vicinity of implants.
Xenobiotic-Induced Rhabdomyolysis and its Relationship with Paraclinical Variables in Poisoned Patients
Authors: Zaare Nahandi Maryam , Kazemifar Amir Mohammad , Rafiee Safoura , Mohammadi Ali Banagozar
Published: February 2023

Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome that occurs due to the damage to striated muscles after various conditions, one of the most common of which is drug poisoning. This study examined rhabdomyolysis in all types of poisoned hospitalized patients and its relationship with paraclinical variables, such as Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) and the patients’ level of creatinine, blood urea, and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). 
Methods: A total of 105 patients suffering from rhabdomyolysis caused by poisoning were enrolled. The necessary information of the patients was extracted from their records, recorded in the research questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics indicators and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The prevalence of rhabdomyolysis was 7.2%. Ninety-seven (92.4%) and 8 (7.6%) poisoned patients suffering from rhabdomyolysis were male and female, respectively. The most prevalent poisoning resulting in rhabdomyolysis was methadone poisoning (31.42%). There was a significantly positive correlation between CPK and urea, Cr, and AST; i.e., by increasing CPK level, urea, Cr, and AST levels also increased, and by decreasing CPK level, urea, Cr, and AST levels also decreased. The incidence of an abnormal aminotransferase in the setting of rhabdomyolysis was high. In addition, the frequency of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) ranged from 10.9 to over 16.9%.
Conclusion: Xenobiotics (e.g., opioids, drugs, alcohol, and poisons), xenobiotic-induced coma, and/or xenobiotic-induced seizure are the causes of rhabdomyolysis in the present study. Briefly, the research findings revealed the highest prevalence of rhabdomyolysis in male youth poisoned by narcotics.
Job Stress of Medical Staff Working in COVID-19 and Non-COVID -19 Intensive Care Units, Iran: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Nazemroaya Behzad , Alikiaii Babak , Moradi Farsani Dariush , Esteki Amir
Published: February 2023

Background: The lack of any definitive treatment of COVID-19 has caused a great deal of stress in communities, especially for those fighting in the front line. In the present study, job stress of medical staff working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of patients with COVID-19 was evaluated and compared with staff working in non-COVID-19 ICUs.
Methods: This study was performed in Iran with a study population of 80 staff members including nurses, paramedics, supervisors and other medical staff working in ICUs of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. The Osipow questionnaire was used to assess the job stress level.
Results: The mean age of medical staff was 29.72±7.58 years old. The stress score of the male medical staff of ICUs of patients with COVID19 was significantly higher than the female staff and the average stress of employees in night shifts (190.60) was significantly higher than those in the morning and afternoon shifts. In the dimension of responsibility for COVID-19 ICU employees, working in the service department, having a history of COVID-19 infection, working in the NICU and having first-degree relatives with COVID19 caused significantly higher job stress levels. In the dimension of responsibility for non-COVID-19 ICU employees, working in the clinical ward and in the role of boundary dimension, being a supervisor caused significantly higher job stress levels compared to the rest of the staff.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that ICU staff are under high pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic in different hospitals of Iran and they need more support to improve their mental health.
Etiology and Contributing Factors of Cavitary Pulmonary Lesions in HIV Infected Patients
Authors: Rezaei Mitra , Mohamadi Faraz , Sadr Makan , Azimi Mojdeh , Moniri Afshin , Kazempour Dizaji Mehdi , Tabarsi Payam , Marjani Majid , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: February 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the etiology and contributing factors of cavitary pulmonary lesions in HIV infected patients.
Methods: In this study, 844 HIV infected patients with a total of 1000 admissions were investigated at Masih Daneshvari Hospital from Aug 2010 to Oct 2019. After excluding the missing data and distorted documentation, 746 cases and 878 admission episodes finally underwent statistical analysis. The CXRs were observed thoroughly and the cavitary lesions were identified. Eventually, demographic data, diagnostic information, and laboratory findings were extracted and analyzed.
Results: Of the 878 episodes of hospitalization, cavitary pulmonary lesions were observed in 145 documents. The most prevalent etiology was TB with 105 cases (72.5%). After that, Pneumocystis jiroveci and septic embolism were responsible for a further 7.6% and 5.6% of the total lung cavities, respectively. 58.5% of the cavities were present in a single lobe, with men being affected in 90.2% of the cases. The upper lobes were the most common site of involvement in the lungs [42.9% for Left Upper Lobe (LUL) and 52.3% for Right Upper Lobe (RUL)]. The rate of definitive diagnosis was significantly higher in patients affected with cavitary lesions (82.8%) in comparison with the unaffected (74.8%) (p=0.001). No significant difference in demographics, HIV and ART status, CD4+ cell count, viral load, and mortality was evident between the two groups.
Conclusion: The most common etiology of cavitary lesions in HIV positive patients was attributable to TB, PJP, and septic embolism respectively. Cavitary lesions were more prevalent in males and mainly tend to involve the upper zones of pulmonary parenchyma.
Synchronous Retroperitoneal Schwannoma and Incidental Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Moradi Tabriz Hedieh , Nazar Elham , Sharbati Fatemeh , Rezaei Zahra
Published: February 2023

Background: Retroperitoneal schwannoma is a rare tumor rising from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths. Retroperitoneal schwannoma is really infrequent and has nonspecific symptoms and imperfect radiologic features, and is often identified histologically after surgery.
Case Report: We report the case of a 73-year-old man presented with flank mass. Imaging shows a hypoechoic macro lobulated solid cystic mass in retroperitoneum. Intraoperatively, after complete resection of retroperitoneal mass, a suspected lesion in upper pole of right kidney was observed. Histopathology evaluation after surgery shows coexistence of a large retroperitoneal schwannoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma, type 1.
Conclusion: Schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal spindle cell tumor. Schwannoma coexisted with renal cell carcinoma in a patient is an unusual event. Thus, it can show the importance of appropriate evaluation before any surgery.
Causes of Tendency for Complementary Medicine
Authors: Taherkhani Dariush , Davati Ali , Majdzadeh Reza , Emaratkar Elham
Published: February 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.