bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the spectrum of irritability in preadolescence: Dimensional and pragmatic applications
Authors: Alam Tasmia , Kirk Nathan , Hirsch Emily , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Roy Amy Krain , Wiggins Jillian Lee
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Characterize the dimensional spectrum of preadolescent (PA) irritability, a robust transdiagnostic vulnerability marker, using the youth version of the Multidimensional Assessment Profiles Temper Loss (MAPS‐TL‐Youth) scale including common and with developmentally specific items. Based on this, derive and validate a clinically optimized irritability screener to flag psychopathology risk in preadolescents.

Methods

The normal:abnormal irritability spectrum was modeled using MAPS‐TL‐Youth data from the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschoolers Study (MAPS) Study PA wave (n = 340) via item response theory. Both cross‐cutting core items from the MAPS scales and developmentally specific items were used to generate this dimension. Stepwise logistic regression was then used to optimize MAPS‐TL‐Youth irritability items in relation to Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia impairment to generate a clinically optimized irritability screener. Receiver operator characteristic analysis identified the irritability threshold for the screener. For the first time, youth self‐report of their own irritability on the MAPS‐TL was also modeled via the MAPS‐TL‐Youth‐Self‐Report (MAPS‐TL‐Youth‐SR).

Results

Irritability was unidimensional and ranged from mild and common to severe and rare behaviors. Developmentally specific items allowed detection of more severe irritability. Items for the screener were identified in relation to concurrent impairment. These included low frustration tolerance and pathognomonic severe behaviors. The clinically optimized screener demonstrated very good sensitively (87%) and specificity (81%) in regard to concurrent irritability‐related DSM disorders. Modeling of the MAPS‐TL‐Youth‐SR yielded similar results.

Conclusion

Characterizing the normal: abnormal spectrum of irritability in preadolescence advances application of Research Domain Criteria methods to this developmental period. This foundational work yielded two developmentally specified tools for irritability characterization in preadolescence: a nuanced dimensional scale to precisely characterize the full normal‐abnormal irritability spectrum, and a pragmatic, clinically optimized screener suitable for real world use. Future application in mechanistic and clinical studies will be important for establishing validity and incremental utility.
Model resolution‐based deconvolution for improved quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Mathew Raji Susan , Paluru Naveen , Yalavarthy Phaneendra K.
Published: October 2023

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) utilizes the relationship between the measured local field and the unknown susceptibility map to perform dipole deconvolution. The aim of this work is to introduce and systematically evaluate the model resolution‐based deconvolution for improved estimation of the susceptibility map obtained using the thresholded k‐space division (TKD). A two‐step approach has been proposed, wherein the first step involves the TKD susceptibility map computation and the second step involves the correction of this susceptibility map using the model‐resolution matrix. The TKD‐estimated susceptibility map can be expressed as the weighted average of the true susceptibility map, where the weights are determined by the rows of the model‐resolution matrix, and hence a deconvolution of the TKD susceptibility map using the model‐resolution matrix yields a better approximation to the true susceptibility map. The model resolution‐based deconvolution is realized using closed‐form, iterative, and sparsity‐regularized implementations. The proposed approach was compared with L2 regularization, TKD, rescaled TKD in superfast dipole inversion, the modulated closed‐form method, and iterative dipole inversion, as well as sparsity‐regularized dipole inversion. It was observed that the proposed approach showed a substantial reduction in the streaking artifacts across 94 test volumes considered in this study. The proposed approach also showed better error reduction and edge preservation compared with other approaches. The proposed model resolution‐based deconvolution compensates for the truncation of zero coefficients in the dipole kernel at the magic angle and hence provides a closer approximation to the true susceptibility map compared with other direct methods.
Machine‐learning‐based asymptotic homogenisation and localisation considering boundary layer effects
Authors: Pan Xiwei , Zhou Zhengcheng , Ma Chuang , Li Shaoshuai , Zhu Yichao
Published: October 2023

Asymptotic homogenisation offers a way to efficiently analyse the mechanical behaviour of multiscale configurations. But near a multiscale boundary, the homogenisation strategy should be modified, as the underlying periodicity assumption breaks down there. In this article, we introduce a machine‐learning‐based asymptotic homogenisation and localisation scheme to formulate such boundary layer effects. To this end, we define a set of boundary layer cells, where external loading conditions are imposed on one side of the cell, and matching conditions with the interior periodic cells are imposed on the opposite side. The formulation is also extended to cover situations where the multi‐scale structure is not fully periodic, but spatially varying. Implied from the asymptotic results, neural networks can be trained to memorise the interrelationship between key local quantities, such as the magnitude of the local maximum von Mises stress, and the local mechanical and geometric features. Equipped with the trained neural networks, the online calculation for key (boundary‐localised) quantities of interest under arbitrary loading conditions is expected to be accelerated substantially. Numerical examples are further presented to show the reliability of the proposed work for boundary stress prediction.
Stochastic maximum principle for moving average control system
Authors: Li Yuhang , Han Yuecai , Gao Yanwei
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we consider the stochastic optimal control problem for moving average control system. The corresponding moving average stochastic differential equation is a kind of integral differential equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the moving average stochastic differential equations. We obtain the stochastic maximum principle of the moving average optimal control system by introducing a kind of generalized anticipated backward stochastic differential equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of this adjoint equation, which is singular at 0. As an application, the linear quadratic moving average control problem is investigated to illustrate the main results.
Characteristics of the Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) on the Surface of Albite and the Corresponding Mechanism of H2 Activation
Authors: Zhou Yannan , Luo Xuegang
Published: October 2023

The characteristics of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) on albite surfaces were analyzed with density functional theory, and the reaction mechanism for H2 activation by the FLPs was studied. The results show that albite is an ideal substrate material with FLPs, and its (001) and (010) surfaces have the typical characteristics of FLPs. In the case of H2 activation, the interaction between the HOMO of H2 and the SOMO of the Lewis base and the electron acceptance characteristics of the Lewis acid are the key factors. In fact, the activation energy of H2 is the required activation energy from the ground state to the excited state, and once the excited state is produced, the dissociative adsorption of H2 will occur directly. This study provides a new ideas and a reference for research on the construction of novel solid FLPs catalysts using ultramicro channel materials.
A Theobromine Derivative with Anticancer Properties Targeting VEGFR‐2: Semisynthesis, in silico and in vitro Studies
Authors: Eissa Ibrahim H. , Yousef Reda G. , Elkady Hazem , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Alsfouk Aisha A. , Husein Dalal Z. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Radwan Mohamed M. , Metwaly Ahmed M.
Published: October 2023

A computer‐assisted drug design (CADD) approach was utilized to design a new acetamido‐N‐(para‐fluorophenyl)benzamide) derivative of the naturally occurring alkaloid, theobromine, (T‐1‐APFPB), following the pharmacophoric features of VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. The stability and reactivity of T‐1‐AFPB were assessed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Molecular docking assessments showed T‐1‐AFPB’s potential to bind with and inhibit VEGFR‐2. The precise binding of T‐1‐AFPB against VEGFR‐2 with optimal energy was further confirmed through several molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, PLIP, MM‐GBSA, and PCA studies. Then, T‐1‐AFPB (4‐(2‐(3,7‐Dimethyl‐2,6‐dioxo‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐purin‐1‐yl)acetamido)‐N‐(4‐fluorophenyl)benzamide) was semi‐synthesized and the in vitro assays showed its potential to inhibit VEGFR‐2 with an IC50 value of 69 nM (sorafenib's IC50 was 56 nM) and to inhibit the growth of HepG2 and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.24±0.02 and 3.26±0.02 μM, respectively. Moreover, T‐1‐AFPB displayed very high selectivity indices against normal Vero cell lines. Furthermore, T‐1‐AFPB induced early (from 0.72 to 19.12) and late (from 0.13 to 6.37) apoptosis in HepG2 cell lines. In conclusion, the combined computational and experimental approaches demonstrated the efficacy and safety of T‐1‐APFPB providing it as a promising lead VEGFR‐2 inhibitor for further development aiming at cancer therapy.
The effect of trunk‐stabilizing muscle training in women with stress urinary incontinence: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fani Maedeh , Chitsaz Navid , Goharpey Shahin , Salehi Reza , Shahali Shadab , Zahednejad Shahla
Published: October 2023

Introduction

There is little evidence regarding the effect of trunk‐stabilizing muscle training on the improvement of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms.

Objective

To investigate the effect of trunk‐stabilizing muscle training on transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) and clinical urological indices, and on the quality of life (QoL) in women with SUI.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

A university hospital.

Participants

Forty‐six women with SUI, ages 20–55 years, were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 23) and control group (n = 23).

Interventions

The experimental group performed trunk‐stabilization exercises according to the Sapsford protocol, whereas the control group performed pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises for 8 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was bladder base displacement (BBD), assessed by TAUS during PFM contraction (PFMC), Valsalva, and abdominal curl. The secondary outcome measures were PFM strength, the severity of urinary incontinence (UI), voiding diary, and QoL, assessed by the Modified Oxford Grading System, the severity index, frequency chart, and lower urinary tract symptoms‐QoL questionnaire, respectively. All variables were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.

Results

The interaction of group and time was not significant for BBD during PFMC (p = .98), Valsalva (p = .28), abdominal curl (p = .34), and secondary variables (p > .05). The main effect of time was significant in both groups for BBD during PFMC, PFM strength, the severity of UI, voiding diary, and QoL (p < .001), with effect size (d) of 0.30, 0.80, 2.05, 1.07, and 1.03 in the control; and 0.49, 0.52, 1.75, 0.66, and 0.88 in the experimental group, respectively. The main effect of the group was not significant for BBD during PFMC (p = .68), Valsalva (p = .22), abdominal curl (p = .53), and secondary variables (p > .05).

Conclusions

Trunk‐stabilizing muscle training and PFM exercise are equally effective in the improvement of PFM function, UI symptoms, and QoL in women with SUI. Both methods can be used interchangeably by physical therapists.
Natural language processing for knowledge discovery and information extraction from energetics corpora
Authors: VanGessel Francis G. , Perry Efrem , Mohan Salil , Barham Oliver M. , Cavolowsky Mark
Published: October 2023

We present a demonstration of the utility of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for aiding research into energetic materials and associated systems. The NLP method enables machine understanding of textual data, offering an automated route to knowledge discovery and information extraction from energetics text. We apply three established unsupervised NLP models: Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Word2Vec, and the Transformer to a large curated dataset of energetics‐related scientific articles. We demonstrate that each NLP algorithm is capable of identifying energetic topics and concepts, generating a language model which aligns with Subject Matter Expert knowledge. Furthermore, we present a document classification pipeline for energetics text. Our classification pipeline achieves 59–76 % accuracy depending on the NLP model used, with the highest performing Transformer model rivaling inter‐annotator agreement metrics. The NLP approaches studied in this work can identify concepts germane to energetics and therefore hold promise as a tool for accelerating energetics research efforts and energetics material development.
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Stability, and Kinetic Degradation of Cellulose p‐Halide Benzoates in an Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride
Authors: El Hamdaoui Lahcen , El Marouani Maryam , El Hamidi Adnane , Kacimi Mohamed , El Moussaouiti Mohammed
Published: October 2023

Cellulose p‐halide benzoates (C‐p‐HB) were synthesized by reacting microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with p‐halide benzoyl chloride (p‐HBCl) namely; the p‐Iodobenzoyl chloride (p‐IBCl), p‐Bromobenzyl chloride (p‐BBCl), and p‐Nitrobenzoyl chloride( p‐NBCl) in ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim](Cl) at 60 °C for 2 h in the presence of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a base. The synthetic products were characterized through infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, XRD, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the effects of p‐halide benzoate groups on the thermal degradation of C‐p‐HB esters with DS≈1 were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis under an inert atmosphere from room temperature to 600 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The DSC analysis was used to determine the glass temperature and heat of the reaction of C‐p‐HB esters. The results indicated that the C‐p‐HB was successfully synthesized in [Bmim](Cl) with a DS≈1. The kinetic parameters were determined by the Coats‐Redfern (CR) method. The corresponding kinetic parameters of the main degradation stages were also determined. The thermal stability of MCC was remarkably decreased through esterification with p‐HBCl. The Criado method was used to determine the most probable degradation functions. Thus, reaction orders F2 and F3 were most probably the functions that describe the degradation of C‐p‐HB.
Copper‐based MetalOrganic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction
Authors: Karthik Veerappan , Lalthazuala Rokhum Samuel , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi
Published: October 2023

In the present work, Cu‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), Cu‐BDC is synthesized, characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. After confirming the formation of Cu‐based MOFs (Cu‐BDC), the catalytic performance of Cu‐BDC is studied in the cross dehydrogenative coupling between 2‐oxindole and malononitrile using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent under air atmosphere at 80 °C to afford 98 % yield of the desired product. Further, catalyst reusability is also studied and observing no significant decrease up to third recycles. Cu‐BDC is also active in promoting the coupling between 2‐oxindole derivatives with malononitrile under identical conditions with higher yields of the expected product. A suitable mechanism is also proposed for this transformation.
Cebranopadol: An Assessment for Its Biased Activation Potential at the Mu Opioid Receptor by DFT, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies
Authors: Sanam Mehar , Ashraf Sajda , Saeed Maria , Khalid Asaad , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Qureshi Urooj , Ul‐Haq Zaheer
Published: October 2023

Cocaine use disorder is a psychiatric condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Up till now, there are no FDA approved medications reported against this disorder. Previous pharmacological studies suggested that, simultaneously targeting all types of opioid receptors, some agonistically while others antagonistically have been proven a much useful strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Recent evidence indicated that a novel agonist cebranopadol has a high binding affinity towards Nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) and Mu opioid receptor (MOP), and partial affinity with Kappa opioid receptor (KOP) and Delta opioid receptor (DOP). Interestingly, in vivo studies revealed that cebranopadol blocked the cocaine seeking in animal models. In the present study, quantum chemical calculations were performed to calculate various thermodynamic parameters of cebranopadol using density functional theory. Flexible docking was performed to rationalize the molecular basis of cis and trans isomers of cebranopadol. Further, the atomistic description of activation mechanism of MOP receptor by cebranopadol investigated by sub‐microsecond timescale molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Our results revealed that the operating mode of the activation switch composed of Trp2936.48 and Asn3287.45 residues, was accountable for down‐ and up‐regulation, respectively, of the β‐arrestin signaling. This particular conformational change in turn affected the G‐protein‐biased activation of MOP receptor. Cebranopadol stabilized the Asn3287.45 by mediating halogen bond formation. According to best of our knowledge, this is the first mechanistic study of cebranopadol with MOP receptor using the quantum mechanical calculations and MD simulations to explain the inhibition of cocaine addiction.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dot (N‐CQDs) for Cyanide Detection
Authors: Guo Hongyan , Wang Shu , Duan Lian , Sun Yue , Chen Shuwei
Published: October 2023

Selective and sensitive detection of Cyanide (CN−) is critical essential due to it is one of the most lethal chemicals and threat to human health. In this study, nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) were synthesized by one‐step hydrothermal method using 4‐aminosalicylic acid and tartaric acid as raw materials. The prepared N‐CQDs were spherical particles with good water solubility and uniform particle size distribution, the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of N‐CQDs were 495 nm and 514 nm, respectively. Based on the selective fluorescence quenching effect between CN− and N‐CQDs, achieving accurate and rapid detection of CN−. Fluorescence quantum yield (PLQY) of N‐CQDs is 39 %, and the other competing anions showed little or no interference to CN−. For highly sensitivity detections of N‐CQDs under optimal conditions, the fluorescence quenching degree was linearly correlated with the CN− concentration in the range of 0–100 μM (R2=0.9929).
Solid‐State Cholesteric Liquid Crystals as an Emerging Platform for the Development of Optical Photonic Sensors
Authors: Hussain Saddam , Zourob Mohammed
Published: October 2023

Over the past decade, solid‐state cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCsolid) have emerged as a promising photonic material, heralding new opportunities for the advancement of optical photonic biosensors and actuators. The periodic helical structure of CLCsolids gives rise to their distinctive capability of selectively reflecting incident radiation, rendering them highly promising contenders for a wide spectrum of photonic applications. Extensive research is conducted on utilizing CLCsolid’s optical characteristics to create optical sensors for bioassays, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. This review provides an overview of emerging technologies in the field of interpenetrating polymeric network‐CLCsolid (IPN) and CLCsolid‐based optical sensors, including their structural designs, processing, essential materials, working principles, and fabrication methodologies. The review concludes with a forward‐looking perspective, addressing current challenges and potential trajectories for future research.
Composition‐Property Relations for GAxFAyMA1‐x‐yPbI3 Perovskites
Authors: Minussi Fernando Brondani , Silva Rogério Marcos , Araújo Eudes Borges
Published: October 2023

Halide perovskites are materials for diverse optoelectronic applications owing to a combination of factors, including their compositional flexibility. A major source of this diversity of compositions comes from the use of mixed organic cations in the A‐site of such compounds to form solid solutions. Many organic cations are possible for this purpose. Although significant progress is made over years of intensive research, the determination of systematic relationships between the compositions and properties of halide perovskites is not exploited accordingly. Using the MAPbI3 prototype, a wide range of compositions substituted by formamidinium (FA+) and guanidinium (GA+) cations are studied. From a detailed collection of experimental data and results reported in the literature, heat maps correlating the composition of GAxFAyMA1‐x‐yPbI3 solid solutions with phase transition temperatures, dielectric permittivity, and activation energies are constructed. Considering the characteristics of organic cations, namely their sizes, dipole moments, and the number of N─H bonds, it is possible to interpret the heat maps as consequences of these characteristics. This work brings a systematization of how obtaining specific properties of halide perovskites might be possible by customizing the characteristics of the A‐site organic cations.
Gustation‐Inspired Dual‐Responsive Hydrogels for Taste Sensing Enabled by Machine Learning
Authors: Miao Ziyue , Tan Hongwei , Gustavsson Lotta , Zhou Yang , Xu Quan , Ikkala Olli , Peng Bo
Published: October 2023

Human gustatory system recognizes salty/sour or sweet tastants based on their different ionic or nonionic natures using two different signaling pathways. This suggests that evolution has selected this detection dualism favorably. Analogically, this work constructs herein bioinspired stimulus‐responsive hydrogels to recognize model salty/sour or sweet tastes based on two different responses, that is, electrical and volumetric responsivities. Different compositions of zwitter‐ionic sulfobetainic N‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐N‐(methacryloxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethylammonium betaine (DMAPS) and nonionic 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are co‐polymerized to explore conditions for gelation. The hydrogel responses upon adding model tastant molecules are explored using electrical and visual de‐swelling observations. Beyond challenging electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, naive multimeter electrical characterizations are performed, toward facile applicability. Ionic model molecules, for example, sodium chloride and acetic acid, interact electrostatically with DMAPS groups, whereas nonionic molecules, for example, D(‐)fructose, interact by hydrogen bonding with HEMA. The model tastants induce complex combinations of electrical and volumetric responses, which are then introduced as inputs for machine learning algorithms. The fidelity of such a trained dual response approach is tested for a more general taste identification. This work envisages that the facile dual electric/volumetric hydrogel responses combined with machine learning proposes a generic bioinspired avenue for future bionic designs of artificial taste recognition, amply needed in applications.
Wafer‐Scale Transferrable GaN Enabled by Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Flexible Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Wang Lulu , Yang Shenyuan , Zhou Fan , Gao Yaqi , Duo Yiwei , Chen Renfeng , Yang Jiankun , Yan Jianchang , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Zhang Yanfeng , Wei Tongbo
Published: October 2023

Epitaxy growth and mechanical transfer of high‐quality III‐nitrides using 2D materials, weakly bonded by van der Waals force, becomes an important technology for semiconductor industry. In this work, wafer‐scale transferrable GaN epilayer with low dislocation density is successfully achieved through AlN/h‐BN composite buffer layer and its application in flexible InGaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is demonstrated. Guided by first‐principles calculations, the nucleation and bonding mechanism of GaN and AlN on h‐BN is presented, and it is confirmed that the adsorption energy of Al atoms on O2‐plasma‐treated h‐BN is over 1 eV larger than that of Ga atoms. It is found that the introduced high‐temperature AlN buffer layer induces sufficient tensile strain during rapid coalescence to compensate the compressive strain generated by the heteromismatch, and a strain‐relaxation model for III‐nitrides on h‐BN is proposed. Eventually, the mechanical exfoliation of single‐crystalline GaN film and LED through weak interaction between multilayer h‐BN is realized. The flexible free‐standing thin‐film LED exhibits ≈66% luminescence enhancement with good reliability compared to that before transfer. This work proposes a new approach for the development of flexible semiconductor devices.
Self‐Driven Electric Field Control of Orbital Electrons in AuPd Alloy Nanoparticles for Cancer Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Yao Shuncheng , Wu Qingyuan , Wang Shaobo , Zhao Yunchao , Wang Zhuo , Hu Quanhong , Li Linlin , Liu Huiyu
Published: October 2023

The free radical generation efficiency of nanozymes in cancer therapy is crucial, but current methods fall short. Alloy nanoparticles (ANs) hold promise for improving catalytic performance due to their inherent electronic effect, but there are limited ways to modulate this effect. Here, a self‐driven electric field (E) system utilizing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and AuPd ANs with glucose oxidase (GOx)‐like, catalase (CAT)‐like, and peroxidase (POD)‐like activities is presented to enhance the treatment of 4T1 breast cancer in mice. The E stimulation from TENG enhances the orbital electrons of AuPd ANs, resulting in increased CAT‐like, GOx‐like, and POD‐like activities. Meanwhile, the catalytic cascade reaction of AuPd ANs is further amplified after catalyzing the production of H2O2 from the GOx‐like activities. This leads to 89.5% tumor inhibition after treatment. The self‐driven E strategy offers a new way to enhance electronic effects and improve cascade catalytic therapeutic performance of AuPd ANs in cancer therapy.
Real Time Observation of Halide Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Woo Sanguk , Kim Ye won , Jung Hyein , Yun Yeonghun , Choi Hangyeol , Lee Sangwook , Yoon Yohan
Published: October 2023

In this work, a novel real‐time current‐voltage (J–V) absorbance spectroscopy (RTJAS) setup is introduced for directly observing halide segregation in mixed halide perovskite solar cells under broadband light illumination, simulating solar exposure. The setup incorporates a broadband light source calibrated to one sun irradiation and a CMOS camera for simultaneous capture of all diffracted wavelengths. J–V measurements are performed concurrently with absorbance spectra collection, enabling in situ analysis of light‐induced degradation due to halide segregation, including bandgap shifts and cell performance data. Comparison of photoluminescence measurements with RTJAS data reveals differing rates of bandgap decrease, underscoring the advantages of real‐time measurement techniques. The work highlights the importance of accounting for experimental conditions, such as humidity and voltage injection, which can accelerate halide segregation, ultimately emphasizing the need for careful consideration of experimental conditions to accurately characterize perovskite solar cell behavior under realistic conditions.
Photolithographic Rugged Electrode for High‐Density Low‐Contact‐Resistance Coplanar Organic Transistors
Authors: Xian Da , Zhao Xiaoli , Liu Jiayi , Wang Bin , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun
Published: October 2023

The realization of high‐performance photolithographic coplanar organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is fundamental to boost cosmically commercial applications of organic electronics. However, photolithographic coplanar OTFTs generally suffer from poor charge injection and therefore poor filed‐effect performance. Here, a simple and effective strategy is developed to fabricate photolithographic rugged electrodes, and successfully achieve high‐density low‐contact‐resistance photolithographic coplanar OTFTs. Based on this versatile electrode, the wafer‐scale photolithographic rugged electrode can be easily achieved, and the device density of the coplanar OTFTs is as high as 28000 cm−2. The device shows excellent electrical properties with mobility up to 2.01 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Rc as low as 7.8 kΩ cm, which is superior to all the reported Ag‐electrode coplanar OTFTs. This work shows a reliable strategy to reduce the contact resistance of photolithographic coplanar OTFTs and elucidates the effect of injection resistance (Rinj) and access resistance (Racc) on coplanar OTFTs.
Customizable Metal Micromesh Electrode Enabling Flexible Transparent Zn‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with High Energy Density
Authors: Zhang Guanhua , Liu Xiuxue , Liu Huaizhi , Wang Xiaohu , Duan Fuqing , Yu Huihuang , Nie Zeqi , Wei Donghai , Zhang Yapeng , Pan Huihuang , Duan Huigao
Published: October 2023

Emerging flexible and wearable electronic products are placing a compelling demand on lightweight transparent energy storage devices. Owing to their distinguishing features of safety, high specific energy, cycling stability, and rapid charge/discharge advantages, Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors are a current topic of discussion. However, the trade‐off for optical transmittance and energy density remains a great challenge. Here, a high‐performance Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitor based on the customizable ultrathin (5 µm), ultralight (0.45 mg cm−2), and ultra‐transparent (87.6%) Ni micromesh based cathode and Zn micromesh anode with the highest figure of merit (84 843) is proposed. The developed flexible transparent Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors reveal excellent cycle stability (no decline after 20 000 cycles), high areal energy density (31.69 µWh cm−2), and high power density (512 µW cm−2). In addition, the assembled solid flexible and transparent Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitor with polyacrylamide gel electrolyte shows extraordinary mechanical properties even under extreme bending and twisting operation. Furthermore, the full device displays a high optical transmittance over 55.04% and can be conformally integrated with diverse devices as a flexible transparent power supply. The fabrication technology offers seamless compatibility with industrial manufacturing, making it an ideal model for the advancement of portable and wearable devices.
An Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Containing Resveratrol and Dexamethasone‐Loaded Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Microspheres for the Regeneration of Osteoporotic Bone Defects
Authors: Li Jianan , Li Lang , Wu Tingkui , Shi Kun , Bei Zhongwu , Wang Meng , Chu Bingyang , Xu Keqi , Pan Meng , Li Yicong , Hu Xulin , Zhang Linghong , Qu Ying , Qian Zhiyong
Published: October 2023

Bone defects in osteoporosis usually present excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), abnormal inflammation levels, irregular shapes and impaired bone regeneration ability; therefore, osteoporotic bone defects are difficult to repair. In this study, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel poly (D, L‐lactide)‐poly (ethylene glycol)‐ poly (D, L‐lactide) (PLEL) system containing resveratrol (Res) and dexamethasone (DEX) is designed to create a microenvironment conducive to osteogenesis in osteoporotic bone defects. This PLEL hydrogel is injected and filled irregular defect areas and achieving a rapid sol‐gel transition in situ. Res has a strong anti‐inflammatory effects that can effectively remove excess free radicals at the damaged site, guide macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype, and regulate immune responses. Additionally, DEX can promote osteogenic differentiation. In vitro experiments showed that the hydrogel effectively promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, removed excess intracellular ROS, and regulated macrophage polarization to reduce inflammatory responses. In vivo experiments showed that the hydrogel promoted osteoporotic bone defect regeneration and modulated immune responses. Overall, this study confirmed that the hydrogel can treat osteoporotic bone defects by synergistically modulating bone damage microenvironment, alleviating inflammatory responses, and promoting osteogenesis; thus, it represents a promising drug delivery strategy to repair osteoporotic bone defects.
Dynamic Homogenization of Internal Strain in Multi‐Principal Element Alloy via High‐Concentration Doping of Oxygen with Large Mobility
Authors: Song Yajing , Zhang Bozhao , Li Tianxin , Fu Xiaoqian , Zou Jiawei , Chen Yujie , Fang Yan , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Lu Yiping , Yang Guang , Liu Suya , Wang Haifeng , Ding Jun , Yu Qian
Published: October 2023

Internal strain and its distribution within the crystal lattice play crucial roles in modulating dislocation activities, thereby affecting mechanical properties of materials. Through the synergistic application of integrated differential phase contrast, in situ transmission electron microscopy characterizations, and computational simulations, a method is unveiled for homogenizing dislocation pinning in NiCoCr multi‐principal element alloy (MPEA) through the introduction of a high concentration of oxygen atoms with high diffusion mobility. The doping of massive oxygen atoms creates a high density of strong local pinning points for dislocation motion. Notably, oxygen interstitials exhibit remarkable diffusion and mobility across different octahedral and tetrahedral sites within the distorted crystal lattice of NiCoCrO alloy, even at room temperature. The capability allows for the release of severe stress concentrations arising from dislocation entanglement and the establishment of new strong local pinning points at alternative locations in a uniform way, enabling the material with high strength and outstanding deformability. These findings suggest that interstitial atoms can exhibit significant mobility, even at ambient temperature, in complex MPEAs with spreading lattice distortion, opening new possibilities for dislocation engineering.
Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by High‐Performance Serum Metabolic Fingerprints: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Yida , Yang Haijun , Li Junkuo , Wang Fuqiang , Liu Wanshan , Liu Yiwen , Wang Ruimin , Duan Lijuan , Wu Jiao , Gao Zhaowei , Cao Jing , Bian Fang , Zhang Juxiang , Zhao Fang , Yang Shouzhi , Cao Shasha , Yang Aihua , Wang Xueliang , Geng Mingfei , Hao Anlin , Li Jian , Cao Jianwei , Li Chaowei , Zhang Zheyuan , Zhang Ning , Huang Yanlin , Zhang Yaowen , Qian Kun , Zhou Fuyou
Published: October 2023

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy, and timely diagnosis of ESCC contributes to an increased cancer survival rate. However, current detection methods for ESCC mainly rely on endoscopic examination, limited by a relatively low participation rate. Herein, ferric‐particle‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (FPELDI MS) is utilized to record the serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) from a retrospective cohort (523 non‐ESCC participants and 462 ESCC patients) to build diagnostic models toward ESCC. The PFELDI MS achieved high speed (≈30 s per sample), desirable reproducibility (coefficients of variation < 15%), and high throughput (985 samples with ≈124 200 data points for each spectrum). Desirable diagnostic performance with area‐under‐the‐curves (AUCs) of 0.925–0.966 is obtained through machine learning of SMFs. Further, a metabolic biomarker panel is constructed, exhibiting superior diagnostic sensitivity (72.2–79.4%, p < 0.05) as compared with clinical protein biomarker tests (4.3–22.9%). Notably, the biomarker panel afforded an AUC of 0.844 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.806–0.880) toward early ESCC diagnosis. This work highlighted the potential of metabolic analysis for accurate screening and early detection of ESCC and offered insights into the metabolic characterization of diseases including but not limited to ESCC.
Coupling wind LiDAR fixed and volumetric scans for enhanced characterization of wind turbulence and flow three‐dimensionality
Authors: Puccioni Matteo , Moss Coleman , Iungo Giacomo Valerio
Published: October 2023

Over the last decades, pulsed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) anemometry has gained growing attention in probing the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) due to its ease of use combined with compelling spatio‐temporal resolution. Among several scanning strategies, fixed scans represent the most prominent choice when high‐frequency resolution is required; however, no information is provided about the spatial heterogeneity of the wind field. On the other hand, volumetric scans allow for the characterization of the spatial variability of the wind field with much lower temporal resolution than fixed scans. In this work, the recently developed “LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis” (LiSBOA) algorithm for the optimal design of LiDAR scans and retrieval of wind velocity statistics is tailored for applications in the MABL. The LiDAR data, collected during a recent experimental campaign over Lake Lavon in Texas, show a good consistency of mean velocity profiles between fixed and LiSBOA‐interpolated volumetric data, thus further encouraging the use of coupled fixed and volumetric scans for simultaneous characterizations of wind turbulence statistics along the vertical direction and volumetric heterogeneity of the wind field.
Quantum decoherence and relaxation in long-baseline neutrino data
Authors: Gomes A. L. G. , Gomes R. A. , Peres O. L. G.
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We investigate the effect of quantum decoherence and relaxation in neutrino oscillations using MINOS and T2K data. The formalism of open quantum systems is used to describe the interaction of a neutrino system with the environment, where the strength of the interaction is regulated by a decoherence parameter Γ. We assume an energy dependence parameterized by Γ = γ0(E/GeV)n, with n = −2, 0, +2, and consider three different scenarios, allowing the investigation of the effect of relaxation and of constraining the solar and atmospheric sectors to the same decoherence parameter. The MINOS and T2K data present a complementary behavior, with regard to our theoretical model, resulting in a better sensitivity for n = +2 and n = −2, respectively. We perform a combined analyses of both experimental data, which also include a reactor constraint on sin2θ13, and observe an independence of the results to the scenarios we investigate. Our analyses obtain limits on γ0 based on long-baseline data for scenarios allowing or not relaxation. We improve some previous bounds on γ0 and outline which data (solar, reactor, atmospheric, long-baseline) determine the more stringent constraints for different scenarios and energy dependencies.
Beyond islands: a free probabilistic approach
Authors: Wang Jinzhao
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We give a free probabilistic proposal to compute the fine-grained radiation entropy for an arbitrary bulk radiation state, in the context of the Penington-Shenker-Stanford-Yang (PSSY) model where the gravitational path integral can be implemented with full control. We observe that the replica trick gravitational path integral is combinatorially matching the free multiplicative convolution between the spectra of the gravitational sector and the matter sector respectively. The convolution formula computes the radiation entropy accurately even in cases when the island formula fails to apply. It also helps to justify this gravitational replica trick as a soluble Hausdorff moment problem. We then work out how the free convolution formula can be evaluated using free harmonic analysis, which also gives a new free probabilistic treatment of resolving the separable sample covariance matrix spectrum.

The free convolution formula suggests that the quantum information encoded in competing quantum extremal surfaces can be modelled as free random variables in a finite von Neumann algebra. Using the close tie between free probability and random matrix theory, we show that the PSSY model can be described as a random matrix model that is essentially a generalization of Page’s model. It is then manifest that the island formula is only applicable when the convolution factorizes in regimes characterized by the one-shot entropies. We further show that the convolution formula can be reorganized to a generalized entropy formula in terms of the relative entropy.
The phenomenology of quadratically coupled ultra light dark matter
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Perez Gilad , Safronova Marianna , Savoray Inbar , Shalit Aviv
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We discuss models of ultralight scalar Dark Matter (DM) with linear and quadratic couplings to the Standard Model (SM). In addition to studying the phenomenology of linear and quadratic interactions separately, we examine their interplay. We review the different experiments that can probe such interactions and present the current and expected future bounds on the parameter space. In particular, we discuss the scalar field solution presented in [A. Hees, O. Minazzoli, E. Savalle, Y. V. Stadnik and P. Wolf, Phys.Rev.D 98 (2018) 6, 064051], and extend it to theories that capture both the linear and the quadratic couplings of the Dark Matter (DM) field to the Standard Model (SM). Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical aspects and the corresponding challenges for natural models in which the quadratic interactions are of phenomenological importance.
D-type minimal conformal matter: quantum curves, elliptic Garnier systems, and the 5d descendants
Authors: Chen Jin , Lü Yongchao , Wang Xin
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We study the quantization of the 6d Seiberg-Witten curve for D-type minimal conformal matter theories compactified on a two-torus. The quantized 6d curve turns out to be a difference equation established via introducing codimension two and four surface defects. We show that, in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit, the 6d partition function with insertions of codimension two and four defects serve as the eigenfunction and eigenvalues of the difference equation, respectively. We further identify the quantum curve of D-type minimal conformal matters with an elliptic Garnier system recently studied in the integrability community. At last, as a concrete consequence of our elliptic quantum curve, we study its RG flows to obtain various quantum curves of 5d Sp(N) + Nf F, Nf ≤ 2N + 5 theories.
The dynamical second-order transport coefficients of smeared Dp-brane
Authors: Wu Chao , Wang Yanqi , Wang Yi-An
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The smeared Dp-brane is constructed by having the black Dp-brane uniformly smeared over several transverse directions. After integrating the spherical directions and the smeared directions, the smeared Dp-brane turns out to be a Chamblin-Reall model with one background scalar field. Within the framework of the fluid/gravity correspondence, we not only prove the equivalence between the smeared Dp-brane and the compactified Dp-brane by explicitly calculating the 7 dynamical second-order transport coefficients of their dual relativistic fluids, but also revisit the Correlated Stability Conjecture for the smeared Dp-brane via the fluid/gravity correspondence.
Neutralizing topological obstructions to bubbles of nothing
Authors: Draper Patrick , Lillard Benjamin , Skye Carissa
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Theories with compact extra dimensions can exhibit a vacuum instability known as a bubble of nothing. These decay modes can be obstructed if the internal manifold is stabilized by fluxes, or if it carries Wilson lines for background gauge fields, or if the instanton is incompatible with the spin structure. In each of these cases the decay can proceed by adding dynamical charged membranes or gauge fields. We give a general, bottom-up procedure for constructing approximate bubble of nothing solutions in models with internal spheres stabilized by flux and study the influence of the brane tension on the tunneling exponent, finding two branches of solutions that merge at a minimal superextremal value of the tension. In the case of Wilson operators and incompatible fermions, the relevant bubble is shown to be the Euclidean Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, and the ordinary decay exponent is modified by 1/g2 effects. We examine the Dirac operator on this background and comment on the relevance for models of supergravity with gauged R-symmetry.
Quasicomplemented Subspaces of Banach Spaces and Separable Quotients
Authors: Jiménez-Sevilla Mar , Lajara Sebastián
Published: October 2023

We present a result which generalizes the theorems of Gurariy-Kadets and Lindenstrauss-Rosenthal on quasicomplemented subspaces of Banach spaces. We also provide a solution in wide classes of Banach spaces of a problem posed by Ivan Singer concerning the existence of a $$w^*$$

w
∗

-basic sequence in the dual of a Banach space which is biorthogonal to a given basic sequence (or more generally, a given minimal sequence) in that space, and other related problems.
A 3D multi-scale hygro-mechanical model of oak wood
Authors: Livani M. A. , Suiker A. S. J. , Crivellaro A. , Bosco E.
Published: October 2023

A multi-scale framework is proposed for the prediction of the macroscopic hygro-elastic properties of oak wood. The distinctive features of the current multi-scale approach are that: (i) Four different scales of observation are considered, which enables the inclusion of heterogeneous effects from the nano-, micro-, and meso-scales in the effective constitutive behavior of oak at the macro-scale, (ii) the model relies on three-dimensional material descriptions at each considered length scale, and (iii) a moisture-dependent constitutive assumption is adopted at the nano-scale, which allows for recovering the moisture dependency of the material response at higher scales of observation. In the modeling approach, oak wood is assumed as homogeneous at the macro-scale. The meso-scale description considers the cellular structure of individual growth rings with three different densities. At the micro-scale, the heterogeneous nature of cell walls is described by the characteristics of the primary and secondary cell wall layers. Finally, the nano-scale response is determined by cellulose micro-fibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicellulose and lignin. The oak properties at the four length scales are connected via a three-level homogenization procedure, for which, depending on the geometry of the fine-scale configuration, an asymptotic homogenization procedure or Voigt averaging procedure is applied at each level to determine the effective hygro-elastic properties at the corresponding coarse scale. In addition, the moisture adsorption isotherms at each scale are constructed from a volume-weighted averaging of the moisture adsorption characteristics at the scale below. The computational results demonstrate that the macro-scale moisture-dependent, hygro-elastic behavior of oak wood is predicted realistically, thereby revealing the influence of the material density, the micro-fibril orientation, and the hygro-elastic properties from the underlying scales. The computed macro-scale properties of oak are in good agreement with experimental data reported in the literature.