bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajetórias e práticas de professores de Sociologia do ensino médio do Cariri Paraibano.
Authors:   , Lindonberto Batista da Silva Antonio
Published: July 2023

A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a formação dos professores de sociologia do ensino médio do Cariri paraibano a partir de suas trajetórias. Para tanto, foi feita uma breve apresentação do retorno da sociologia ao currículo do ensino médio e de que forma isso implicou na formação inicial dos licenciados em sociologia. A partir dessa discussão geral, relato minha trajetória de vida com o objetivo de fazer uma interface entre ela e o processo de formação escolar, acadêmica e profissional, de forma que, nesse contexto, o objeto de pesquisa se delineia. A questão que se coloca é pensar de que forma tem se construído e se constituído o processo de formação dos professores de sociologia do ensino médio no Cariri paraibano. Trata-se de um estudo de caso  pesquisa exploratória  com uma abordagem qualitativa, mas que não dispensou os dados quantitativos. A coleta dos dados se deu através de instrumentos – mais ou menos – estruturados, tais como entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários, em diferentes momentos e em situações diversificadas. Também foram feitas análises dos documentos oficiais, como as Diretrizes Educacionais do Estado da Paraíba e os Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos das escolas nas quais os professores trabalham. A partir do aporte teórico de Bourdieu e de sua teoria da prática, os conceitos de habitus, illusio e campo social foram mobilizados para pensar as trajetórias dos agentes. Utilizou-se, assim, o método (auto)biográfico para abordar os elementos biográficos e as trajetórias dos professores do ensino médio. Foi possível perceber que as trajetórias de vida dos professores foram marcadas por muitas dificuldades. Algumas poderiam ser consideradas narrativas improváveis, mas, com os incentivos da família e as mediações institucionais, alcançaram êxito e longevidade escolar, gerando professores do ensino médio. Devido à falta de formação continuada e às dificuldades decorrentes da escassez de recursos didático-pedagógicos, o processo formativo dos professores se constrói cotidianamente no “chão da sala de aula”, a partir de suas próprias práticas pedagógicas, em um processo de autoformação.
Standardization and Quality Control Analysis of Marichadi tailam: An Ayurvedic Formulation
Authors: Ranjan Sahoo Manas , Raghava Varier Ramesh , Rajendran Anithakumar , K. Ramesh
Published: July 2023

The Ayurvedic medicines are having great therapeutic application due to their natural holistic way of treatment of the disease. To ensure the effectiveness of the medicine standardization of the drug essential. Ayurvedic tailam is an important group of formulations used for treatment of various types of diseases. The principle of using tailam is better absorption of active ingredients by skin when applied through a lipophilic vehicle like vegetable oils. Marichadi Tailam is a herbal oil used for treatment of skin diseases such as eczema and dermatitis. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop and validate a HPTLC method for quantitative determination piperine in the Marichadi coconut oil and its standardization. The HTPLC separation was performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 aluminum plate (10 × 10cm, 250μm thickness) using toluene:ethyl acetate:diethyl amine (7:2:1) as a mobile phase. The detection and quantification was performed at 340nm. The formulation contains 2.35% of piperine. Linearity studies indicated piperine in the linear ranges, while recovery studies revealed 99.32% (w/w) of piperine. The developed HPTLC method resolved and quantified piperine effectively, so it could be used as a simple reliable method for QC of polyherbal formulations.
Comparative Evaluation Of Push Out Bond Strength Of Endosequence Bc Sealer As Against Mta Plus Sealers When Used With Different Obturation Techniques
Authors: SAOJI MANALI
Published: July 2023

New technologies have led to the concept of recent bioactive dental materials, which makes the majority of today’s dentists to produce substantial endodontic results. The introduction of advanced material science made tremendous changes in the dental practice. Aim and Objectives : Aim of this study was to assess and compare the push-out bond strength of Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM putty), White Mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and Biodentine after incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 7 days, 30 days and 45 days. Materials and methods : 90 extracted single rooted human premolar teeth were used in this study. To avoid the desiccation of teeth after extraction, the teeth were kept in hydrogen peroxide solution and washed under tap water. Then the teeth were cleaned with pumice and stored in normal saline at 37˚C until use. The middle 1/3rd portion of each root was sectioned at right angle to the long axis to produce discs of 2.00 ± 0.05 mm thickness using a diamond disc with continuous water irrigation. Finally, 90 root slices were produced. The specimens were dipped in 17% EDTA for 3 min followed by 3 % NaOCl for the same period of time and then rinsed with distilled water and dried. The specimens were divided randomly into 3 groups: Group I- ERRM, Group II - White MTA, Group III- Biodentine. PBS solution was changed every 5 days to replenish the buffering capacity of the PBS. All specimens were incubated at 37ºC. After the completion of experiments, the specimens were sent to the push-out test. Analysis of data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics both. The software SPSS 17.0, EPI_INFO 6.0 version and Graph Pad Prism 5.0 version was used and p<0.05 is considered as level of significance. Result and conclusion : Highest push out bond strength was seen with ERRM at all incubation times followed by mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine .It has been observed that increase in the incubation time had increased push-out bond strength of the material significantly.
Role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in screening for mild cognitive disorders
Authors: Yu Jie , Lu Shou-Rong , Wang Zhuo , Yang Yin , Zhang Bin-Shan , Xu Qiao , Kan Hong
Published: July 2023

A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms. These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole. Therefore, they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment. Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes, without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors. We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems: The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome, for a condition of multiplicity of stressors, which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era, in the general population. We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily, regular life, across the lifespan, and beyond conditions of catastrophes. We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder, more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals. Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
Studi Kelayakan Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab Berdasarkan Standar BSNP
Authors: Asrory Ahmad Fahmi , Zamani Athira Fakhriatuz , Daroini Slamet
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze Arabic textbooks that are in accordance with KMA No. 183 of 2019 based on BSNP standards in terms of content/material eligibility, presentation feasibility, linguistic feasibility and graphic feasibility in class X books. This research is a descriptive qualitative approach with the type of literature study with primary data sources from class X Arabic books published by the Ministry of Religion in 2020. In this study the documentation method was used as a data collection method and combined with descriptive analysis as an analytical method. Thus, the data analysis technique used in this study is content analysis. The results of this study, the feasibility aspect of the content of the material is not appropriate in terms of the suitability of the material with KI and KD and the latest material. In the feasibility aspect, the presentation is not appropriate in supporting the presentation and learning presentation strategy. And in the aspect of language feasibility, the accuracy of language structure is still too high. However, other aspects are very appropriate and meet the standards set by the BSNP.
A Psicologia no SUAS: Provocações em Tempos de Desmontes
Authors: Lorenzoni Lasta Letícia , Hillesheim Betina , Silva Holderbaun Leticia , Couto Caroline
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo objetivamos problematizar o campo de forças que compõe as práticas psicológicas e as normativas das políticas públicas no âmbito da Assistência Social. Para tanto, tomamos o Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família (PAIF) como analisador de tal política, com o objetivo de propor algumas provocações à Psicologia e à própria Assistência Social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que utiliza, como grade analítica, o conceito foucaultiano de governamentalidade, tomando como materialidade de análise o documento “Orientações Técnicas sobre o Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família” volume I (2012) e os impasses gerados pelos recentes cortes orçamentários, que, em parte, inviabilizam o Sistema Único de Assistência Social. Diante disto, as provocações apontam para o que pode emergir do encontro entre a Psicologia e o SUAS, dos desafios às possibilidades engendradas entre esses campos, que se constroem imbricados à racionalidade neoliberal e aos processos de in/exclusão brasileiros.
Morbimortalidad de las enfermedades cardiovasculares: causas, pruebas diagnósticas y prevención.
Authors: Guerrero-Toala Melanie Michelle , Villavicencio-Intriago Aarón Natanael , Castro-Jalca Jazmín
Published: July 2023

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la población mundial. La incidencia y prevalencia de estas patologías han aumentado significativamente en los últimos años, y se espera que continúen en ascenso debido a factores de riesgo como la hipertensión arterial, el sedentarismo, el tabaquismo y la diabetes mellitus, entre otros. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la morbimortalidad de las enfermedades cardiovasculares: causas, pruebas diagnósticas y prevención en población general. Se utilizó un diseño de revisión documental de tipo exploratorio para analizar la información de diferentes estudios. Los resultados indicaron que las enfermedades cardiovasculares afectan de manera diferente a hombres y mujeres en diferentes regiones del mundo, y que los hombres tienen una tasa de mortalidad más alta en comparación con las mujeres. Se destacó que las principales causas de estas enfermedades son la hipertensión arterial, el tabaquismo, la obesidad, la diabetes, la dislipidemia y el sedentarismo. Las pruebas de diagnóstico principales fueron proteína C reactiva, troponinas cardíacas y péptidos natriuréticos. Se concluye que las enfermedades cardiovasculares siguen siendo una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, especialmente en los hombres. Por eso es importante tomar medidas preventivas para reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares como una dieta balanceada, disminuir el tabaco y alcohol, no sedentarismo y ejercicio físico.
Cover
Authors: Chandler Oliver
Published: July 2023

The cover features an untitled painting in cubist style by one of the composers discussed in this monograph, Reginald Smith Brindle (1917–2003). This and other paintings by Smith Brindle can be seen on the website dedicated to the composer. We are grateful to the composer's family for permission to use this image.
Idiosyncratic Critiques of Dodecaphony: Thomas Wilson’s Three Pieces (1961) and Soliloquy (1969)
Authors: Chandler Oliver
Published: July 2023

Is the history of British twelve-tone guitar music a binary one, characterized by devotee practitioners and their vituperative detractors, or did some British guitar composers experiment with, but ultimately remain ambivalent about, dodecaphony? Chapter 3 argues that the solo guitar pieces of the Glaswegian composer Thomas Wilson might be thought to provide a provisional set of answers to these questions. In a nutshell: they manifest critiques of dodecaphony in the form of musical notation. Writing at a distance from the modernist centers of British musical fashion, Wilson started to experiment with both guitar composition and twelve-tone serialism in the early 1960s. His first guitar work, Three Pieces, bakes a problem into its opening row: potential inversional symmetry between its first and third tetrachords is disrupted, resulting in an otherwise impossible foreground transpositional consistency between dyads. Much of the movement is spent trying to resolve this tension between different pitch parameters. And yet because Wilson sticks doggedly to a single row form in the piece’s opening Allegro molto, this proves to be a difficult task. Whether this is down to an impoverished understanding of the possibilities of serialism, or because the method’s “inherent” restrictions (as Wilson saw them) were being purposefully caricatured, the resulting harmonic monotony leads to a non-row derived pentachord’s becoming the work’s expressive apex. This desire for variety—“impossible” within a serial universe, at least as Wilson presents it—leads to a freely atonal slow movement. The Finale attempts to synthesize these two extremes: namely, strict serial procedure and free post-tonal composition. No clear reconciliation is reached; the movement’s expressive apex is once again a non-row derived pc set. While the work’s end marks a return to the opening row, its gelid articulation does not suggest attainment or triumph. In the later Soliloquy, it seems at first glance as if Wilson has turned away from dodecaphony proper. On closer inspection, it becomes apparent that a twelve-tone “chorale” near the end of its first section might function as a skeleton key: it unlocks a fresh understanding of the generation of the work’s opening materials, which are based on exactly the same set classes. While dodecaphony is portrayed in Three Pieces as a barrier to creativity—as something to be overcome—in Soliloquy, it provides a sublated means of freeing up creative possibilities. The consequence of its acceptance by Wilson, however, is that the row basically vanishes from the musical surface. Soliloquy, in classic dialectical fashion, both is and is not a twelve-tone work.
Factors Influencing Identification as a Fan and Consumerism towards The Virtual K-Pop Group MAVE:
Authors: Hoesan Valencia , Nuraeni Shimaditya
Published: July 2023

The K-Pop industry has been developing Virtual K-Pop Group, a K-Pop group with virtual human members who are made to be as similar as possible to actual humans. Identification as a fan is one of the important factors in creating a purchasing behavior in the form of consumerism towards certain K-Pop groups. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors that significantly influence identification as a fan and consumerism towards one of the well-known Virtual K-Pop Groups, which is MAVE:. This research uses an extended Theory of Planned Behavior framework with additional audio and visual components, virtual group concept, peer influence and social media influence as the variables. The method used in this research is quantitative and using a questionnaire with respondents from Indonesia who have at least once performed consumerism towards MAVE: as the data source. The data was analyzed using the Path Analysis method to examine the influence between variables, namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, identification as a MAVE: fan and consumerism towards MAVE:. The result indicates that virtual group concept’s influence towards attitude and peer influence’s influence towards subjective norms are positively significant. Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control positively significant in influencing identification as a MAVE: fan. Also, identification as a MAVE: fan significantly influences consumerism towards MAVE: positively. The findings of this research is aimed to understand the consumer behavior of Virtual K-Pop Group consumers, so that it becomes the basis for label companies that produce these groups to create effective strategies for generating revenue as the main goal of business.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Imunisasi di Poliklinik Anak RS Bhayangkara TK I Pusdokkes POLRI
Authors: Utami Oktaviana Dian , Gunawan Erix
Published: July 2023

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2018 there were around 20 million children in the world who didn’t get complete immunization, some even didn’t get immunized. In fact, obtaining community immunity (herd immunity) requires high immunization coverage (at least 95%) and is evenly distributed. Therefore, at this time to support the government's program in implementing child immunization, the concentration is needed by all health service facilities, as well as at Bhayangkara TK I Pusdokkes Polri Hospital as a military and police hospital which is assigned the task of supporting the program. For this reason, Bhayangkara TK I Pusdokkes Polri Hospital built an information system, particularly in the children's polyclinic to support and facilitate the implementation of child immunization. to develop this software using SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) modeling. With this information system, it is hoped that it will assist in the availability of valid and transparent information for the community, especially parents, and officers to facilitate data management regarding immunization such as determining doctor's schedules, reporting, and printing children's immunization certificates.
Hukum yang Berkeadilan Bagi Rakyat Indonesia dalam Perspektif Mahasiswa Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Medan
Authors: Azzahra Kanaya , Ashari Aisyah , Desti Natalia Saragih Laira , Anggraini Lisa , Atikah Nurul , Putri Theresia Sinaga Rosa , Yunita Sri
Published: July 2023

This research aims to find out how the law is fair for the people of Indonesia, from the point of view of students at the Faculty of Languages ??and Arts, State University of Medan. The times, which are supported by globalization, make new laws exist and the Indonesian people are demanded to be able to adapt in the life of society, nation and state. Researchers conducted an online study by distributing questionnaires to respondents who were students of Indonesian Literature at Medan State University. This study adopted a research method in the form of a qualitative descriptive method. Therefore, students as the forerunner of law enforcement must take a role in this matter, and it is hoped that students will be able to have critical, analytical, innovative, and progressive thinking so that the essence of fair law enforcement can be achieved.
Problematika Perekrutan Tenaga Kontrak di Lingkungan Kesekretariatan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Intan Taitoh Lidya , Yohanes Saryono , Buyanaya Hyronimus
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya problematika dari perekrutan tenaga kontrak di lingkungan kesekretariatan pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, yakni mengkaji dan menganalisis data yang diperoleh dari lokasih penelitian dan data yang dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan teknik kepustakaan. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 19 orang dan Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada proses perekrutan tenaga kontrak atau pegawai tidak tetap di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara mengalami problematika dalam proses perekrutan tidak sesuai dengan Peraturan Bupati Nomor 71 Tahun 2021 yang mengatur tentang SOP perekrutan pegawai tidak tetap Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, dan tidak ada tranparansi antara Pemerintah Daerah dan masyarakat atau para pelamar pegawai tidak tetap.
Penerapan Hukum Pidana Adat Terhadap Pelaku Pengrusakan Katoda (Tempat Ritual Adat Marapu)
Authors: Giku Laya Ariyunus , Manu Nikolas , R. Ch. Manafe Deddy
Published: July 2023

Perkelahian kelompok kebiasaan yang dipicu oleh beberapa anggota organisasi bela diri yakni organisasi bela diri Lima-lima dan organisasi bela diri Tujuh-tujuh (seven-seven). Organisasi bela diri Lima-lima dan Tujuh-tujuh (seven-seven) merupakan organisasi bela diri yang berasal dari Timor Leste yang dibawa masuk ke Indonesia tepatnya di wilayah Desa Numponi, Kecamatan Malaka Timur, Kabupaten Malaka. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam tipe penelitian hukum empiris yang berlokasi di Kepolisian Sektor Malaka Timur Kecamatan Malaka Timur Kabupaten Malaka. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Data yang dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis kemudian disajikan atau dipaparkan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan: (1) faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perkelahian antara oknum anggota organisasi bela diri dengan warga Desa Numponi yakni faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu faktor usia, faktor dendam, amarah memiliki kontrol diri yang lemah, mengalami krisis identitas. Faktor eksternal yaitu ketersinggungan kelompok, karena rasa solidaritas, kesenjangan generasi, minuman keras yang berlebihan, lingkungan sosial masyarakat, faktor lingkungan keluarga, faktor pendidikan. (2) upaya menanggulangi kasus tersebut yakni upaya pre-emtif, upaya preventif dan upaya represif. Dari hasil penelitian penulis menarik kesimpulan dan saran yakni, kesimpulan perkelahian antara anggota organisasi bela diri ada dua faktor penyebab yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal, disarankan kepada anggota- anggota organisasi bela diri Lima-lima, Tujuh-tujuh dan organisasi bela diri yang lainnya supaya dapat menguasai diri sendiri, sehingga tidak membuat rusuh dalam masyarakat, dan tidak mengganggu kenyamanan masyarakat.
Políticas penitenciarias y protección al infante de 0 a 3 años en el establecimiento penitenciario de Ica-Perú, años 2018-2020
Authors:   , De la Cruz Muñante Maria Fernanda
Published: July 2023

La Tesis “POLÍTICAS PENITENCIARIAS Y PROTECCIÓN AL INFANTE DE 0 A3 AÑOS EN EL ESTABLECIMIENTO PENITENCIARIO DE ICA-PERÚ, AÑOS2018- 2020”, demuestra la relación existente entre la política penitenciaria del Estado peruano y la protección que se viene brindando a los infantes del grupo etareo referido en el contexto y período de tiempo estudiado. Para recoger los datos, información se recurrió a la Técnica de la Encuesta, también a la Técnica de la Entrevista, se implementaron los instrumentos de recolección de datos: Cuestionario sobre Política Penitenciaria aplicado a integrantes de la muestra representativa, este permitió recoger la opinión, puntosde vista respecto a las dimensiones : interculturalidad y derechos humanos; la Guía de Entrevista ayudo a recolectar información sobre la variable atención integral de los infantes que purgan prisión con sus madres, para el caso se trabajaron las dimensiones: salud y educación. Los resultados obtenidos y presentados en los correspondientes cuadros estadísticos han permitido demostrar que existe una estrecha relación del enfoque de política penitenciaria basada en la interculturalidad con la atención alderecho a la salud de los infantes, lo mismo sucede con el enfoque de política penitenciaría basada en los derechos humanos que tiene una correlación muy estrecha con la atención al derecho a la educación de los infantes, lo expuesto permite demostrar la relación muy significativa entre política penitenciaria y protección al infante de 0 a 3 años en el Centro Penitenciario de Ica, años 2018- 2020.
Visualisation and prediction of Covid-19 data using random forest regression
Authors: D. Sumathi  , T. Poongodi  , P. Suresh  , S. Karthikeyan  , N. Sree Chand1
Published: July 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread among several parts of the world. The data pool increases tremendously, which needs excellent attention by researchers of various domains to analyze and determine the measures to handle it. Hence, researchers worldwide are looking into Artificial Intelligence (AI) to resolve the challenges due to this COVID-19. It could be stated that AI can examine huge data mounds so that several new findings can be determined. AI could be deployed in various fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry, the analysis and development of vaccines and antibodies, and drug designing. Due to the impressive progress that AI has made in the latest few years, still, it proves to be the essential quality of the technology and evidence of humans' creativity towards the contribution of developing tools and products which could be statistically and computationally complex. It is observed that AI technology aids in tracing the outburst, patient diagnosis and fastening the procedure of finding a treatment. This work provides an overview of COVID-19, along with the convergence of technologies that could be applied in various sections to handle this pandemic. An extensive exploration of multiple techniques and models has been implemented for the prediction of COVID-19 has been done. Additionally, numerous models have been deployed for predictions of covid states. It has been inferred that XGBoost showed considerable progress in the prophecy.
Minha Mãe é “Cadeeira”: Reflexões Sobre o Impacto do Encarceramento Feminino na Família
Authors: Monastero Leda Fleury , Campos Miriam Cristiane de Souza , Ventura Thais Christinne dos Santos , Silva Marilda Fatima de Souza da
Published: July 2023

Este estudo envolveu uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa/qualitativa, em que os dados foram colhidos na fila de espera, para visitas na penitenciária feminina. O encarceramento feminino torna a família vulnerável na tentativa de manter o vínculo afetivo. Objetivou-se conhecer as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos familiares que ficaram responsáveis pelos cuidados e educação dos filhos, das mães presas e apontar aspectos dessa relação que possam auxiliar na manutenção dos laços afetivos. A pesquisa teve duas etapas: na primeira, foram respondidas questões relacionadas ao ambiente prisional, à relação do familiar entrevistado com a presa e com seus filhos e sua opinião sobre as leis vigentes sobre encarceramento e guarda dos filhos. Na segunda, as perguntas buscavam entender como se constitui a relação entre a mãe encarcerada e seus filhos e como o vínculo afetivo se mantém. As respostas possibilitaram conhecer as dificuldades encontradas e as estratégias desenvolvidas para conviver com essa realidade.
MEMBANGUN RESILIENSI DALAM DIRI MAHASISWA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID -19
Authors: Haru Emanuel
Published: July 2023

The COVID -19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the people of the world, including Indonesians. In Indonesia itself, the COVID -19 pandemic has had a very serious impact on the community in several aspects. They are health, economic, social, educational and religious aspects. One component of society that has felt the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic, is students at a college. In these affected conditions, there are few students experience psychological pressure. Therefore, in dealing with difficult situations, students need to build psychological resilience or what is commonly known as resilience. Resilience is important so that students do not fall into more serious problems as a result of this pandemic. On the other hand, with resilience in them, students persist, adapt and ultimately overcome these difficult situations. Resilience in students at a college can be built by increasing the protective factors in themselves. Protective factors are personal, social, family, and institutional or community safety nets that enable individuals to be able to deal with life's stressors. There are two protective factors that can help increase resilience in students during this pandemic. They are internal protective factors and external protective factors. Internal protective factors are personal safety nets that come from the individual himself in the form of self-esteem, self-efficacy, problem-solving ability, emotion regulation and optimism. This is an internal resource (capacity) that a student can optimize in increasing psychological endurance during this pandemic. While external protective factors are protective factors that come from outside the student, for example support from family and environment.
Dementia Diagnosis and Alternate Treatment: A Recent Update on Treatment Options
Authors: Gupta Uma D. , Shafin Tasnuva Nuhat , Rahman Nuzhat , Chakraborty Elora , Deb Manisha , Ferdous Tahira
Published: July 2023

Dementia is a global health burden identified by the World Health Organization in its global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. Our study aims to determine the efficacy of treatment options in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). The initiation of dementia treatment has consistently posed a significant dilemma for healthcare professionals, necessitating careful consideration when selecting the appropriate group of medications to commence therapy, considering the specific type of treatment required. To conduct our study, we searched PubMed Central and the Cochrane database to identify comparative trials that compared different dementia treatment options. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment approaches across different types of dementia. In total, we reviewed over 40 papers that provided valuable insights into the comparative outcomes of these treatment options. In our analysis, we have found mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction (MMSE 19 to 26) and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease can be treated with a trial of Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine); choice can be based on clinician and/or patient preference, as efficacy is similar. Moderate to advanced dementia (MMSE 10 to 18): Memantine (10 mg twice daily) is a suggested option with Cholinesterase inhibitors. In conclusion, it is evident that the available options for dementia medication are inherently limited, while the resources allocated to evaluate further treatment alternatives remain constrained. As a result, there is an urgent need to prioritize additional research and comprehensive assessment in this field.
Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Nworie River, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Onu Onyinyechi S. , Chikwendu Chinwe I. , Nweke Christian O.
Published: July 2023

As a result of infectious organisms' development of antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has become more challenging. This study was undertaken to study the antibiogram of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from Nworie river in Imo state. Water samples were collected and the two test organisms were selectively isolated for antimicrobial analysis. Routine antibiograms were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar. Nine (9) antibiotics were used for the analysis; ceftazidime (30 ug), imipenem (10 ug), meropenem (10 ug), cefotaxime (30 ug), tetracycline (30 ug), ciprofloxacin (5 ug), gentamicin (10 ug), colistin (10 ug) and polymyxin B (30 ug) (Oxoid, Basingstoke). 67 isolates of Escherichia coli and 75 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained from the water samples. Escherichia coli had a very high resistance to polymyxin B (100%), colistin (100%), cefotaxime (100%), ceftazidime (100%), ciprofloxacin (73.13%), tetracycline (82.09) and imipenem (73.13%), it exhibited a moderate resistance to meropenem (67.16%) and a low resistance to gentamicin (38.81%). Klebsiella pneumoniae had a very high resistance to polymyxin B (100%), colistin (100%), cefotaxime (98.67%), ceftazidime (98.67%), ciprofloxacin (86.67%), tetracycline (84), meropenem (78.67%) and imipenem (64%), it exhibited a moderate resistance to gentamicin (41.33%). Very high rates of resistance were found amongst isolates in this study and this is a cause for worry especially as the river from which these isolates were obtained is used for drinking swimming, washing etc. It is recommended therefore that more research is carried out to find out novel antibiotics that can be used in the treatment of diseases caused by these Enteriobacteriaceae; including combined chemotherapy.
Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Guirguis-Blake Janelle M. , Evans Corinne V. , Coppola Erin L. , Redmond Nadia , Perdue Leslie A.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Lipid screening in childhood and adolescence can lead to early dyslipidemia diagnosis. The long-term benefits of lipid screening and subsequent treatment in this population are uncertain.

Objective

To review benefits and harms of screening and treatment of pediatric dyslipidemia due to familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and multifactorial dyslipidemia.

Data Sources

MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 16, 2022; literature surveillance through March 24, 2023.

Study Selection

English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of lipid screening; recent, large US cohort studies reporting diagnostic yield or screen positivity; and RCTs of lipid-lowering interventions.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Single extraction, verified by a second reviewer. Quantitative synthesis using random-effects meta-analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Health outcomes, diagnostic yield, intermediate outcomes, behavioral outcomes, and harms.

Results

Forty-three studies were included (n = 491 516). No RCTs directly addressed screening effectiveness and harms. Three US studies (n = 395 465) reported prevalence of phenotypically defined FH of 0.2% to 0.4% (1:250 to 1:500). Five studies (n = 142 257) reported multifactorial dyslipidemia prevalence; the prevalence of elevated total cholesterol level (≥200 mg/dL) was 7.1% to 9.4% and of any lipid abnormality was 19.2%. Ten RCTs in children and adolescents with FH (n = 1230) demonstrated that statins were associated with an 81- to 82-mg/dL greater mean reduction in levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C compared with placebo at up to 2 years. Nonstatin-drug trials showed statistically significant lowering of lipid levels in FH populations, but few studies were available for any single drug. Observational studies suggest that statin treatment for FH starting in childhood or adolescence reduces long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Two multifactorial dyslipidemia behavioral counseling trials (n = 934) demonstrated 3- to 6-mg/dL greater reductions in total cholesterol levels compared with the control group, but findings did not persist at longest follow-up. Harms reported in the short-term drug trials were similar in the intervention and control groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

No direct evidence on the benefits or harms of pediatric lipid screening was identified. While multifactorial dyslipidemia is common, no evidence was found that treatment is effective for this condition. In contrast, FH is relatively rare; evidence shows that statins reduce lipid levels in children with FH, and observational studies suggest that such treatment has long-term benefit for this condition.
A Cyclodextrin‐Based pH‐Responsive MicroRNA Delivery Platform Targeting Polarization of M1 to M2 Macrophages for Sepsis Therapy
Authors: Ding Ni , Luo Gangjian , Li Huiting , Xing Chengyuan , Gao Yuanji , Xi Wenjie , Wu Weijie , Wang Dan , Zheng Lei , Kang Yang , Chi Xinjin
Published: July 2023

The mortality rate of sepsis remains high despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis using symptomatic and supportive therapies, such as anti‐infection therapy and fluid resuscitation. Nucleic acid‐based drugs have therapeutic potential, although their poor stability and low delivery efficiency have hindered their widespread use. Herein, it is confirmed that miR‐223 can polarize proinflammation M1 macrophages to anti‐inflammation M2 macrophages. A pH‐sensitive nano‐drug delivery system comprising β‐cyclodextrin‐poly(2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/distearoyl phosphoethanolamine‐polyethylene glycol (β‐CD‐PDPA/DSPE‐PEG) is synthesized and developed to target M1 macrophages and miR‐223 is encapsulated into nanoparticles (NPs) for sepsis treatment. NPs/miR‐223 demonstrated in vitro pH responsiveness with favorable biosafety, stability, and high delivery efficiency. In vivo studies demonstrate that NPs/miR‐223 are preferentially accumulated and retained in the inflammation site, thereby reducing inflammation and improving the survival rate of mice with sepsis while exhibiting ideal biosafety. Mechanically, NPs/miR‐223 regulates macrophage polarization by targeting Pknox1 and inhibiting the activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway, thereby achieving an anti‐inflammatory effect. Collectively, it is demonstrated that the miRNA delivery vector described here provides a new approach for sepsis treatment and accelerates the advancement of nucleic acid drug therapy.
X‐Ray Nanothermometry of Nanoparticles in Tumor‐Mimicking Tissues under Photothermia
Authors: López‐Méndez Rosalía , Reguera Javier , Fromain Alexandre , Serea Esraa Samy Abu , Céspedes Eva , Teran Francisco Jose , Zheng Fangyuan , Parente Ana , García Miguel Ángel , Fonda Emiliano , Camarero Julio , Wilhelm Claire , Muñoz‐Noval Álvaro , Espinosa Ana
Published: July 2023

Temperature plays a critical role in regulating body mechanisms and indicating inflammatory processes. Local temperature increments above 42 °C are shown to kill cancer cells in tumorous tissue, leading to the development of nanoparticle‐mediated thermo‐therapeutic strategies for fighting oncological diseases. Remarkably, these therapeutic effects can occur without macroscopic temperature rise, suggesting localized nanoparticle heating, and minimizing side effects on healthy tissues. Nanothermometry has received considerable attention as a means of developing nanothermosensing approaches to monitor the temperature at the core of nanoparticle atoms inside cells. In this study, a label‐free, direct, and universal nanoscale thermometry is proposed to monitor the thermal processes of nanoparticles under photoexcitation in the tumor environment. Gold‐iron oxide nanohybrids are utilized as multifunctional photothermal agents internalized in a 3D tumor model of glioblastoma that mimics the in vivo scenario. The local temperature under near‐infrared photo‐excitation is monitored by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Au L3‐edge (11 919 eV) to obtain their temperature in cells, deepening the knowledge of nanothermal tumor treatments. This nanothermometric approach demonstrates its potential in detecting high nanothermal changes in tumor‐mimicking tissues. It offers a notable advantage by enabling thermal sensing of any element, effectively transforming any material into a nanothermometer within biological environments.
DNA‐Programmed Stem Cell Niches via Orthogonal Extracellular Vesicle–Cell Communications
Authors: Wang Kaizhe , Wei Yuhan , Xie Xiaodong , Li Qian , Liu Xiaoguo , Wang Lihua , Li Jiang , Wu Ji , Fan Chunhai
Published: July 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural carriers for intercellular transfer of bioactive molecules, which are harnessed for wide biomedical applications. However, a facile yet general approach to engineering interspecies EV–cell communications is still lacking. Here, the use of DNA to encode the heterogeneous interfaces of EVs and cells in a manner free of covalent or genetic modifications is reported, which enables orthogonal EV–cell interkingdom interactions in complex environments. Cholesterol‐modified DNA strands and tetrahedral DNA frameworks are employed with complementary sequences to serve as artificial ligands and receptors docking on EVs and living cells, respectively, which can mediate specific yet efficient cellular internalization of EVs via Watson–Crick base pairing. It is shown that based on this system, human cells can adopt EVs derived from the mouse, watermelon, and Escherichia coli. By implementing several EV–cell circuits, it shows that this DNA‐programmed system allows orthogonal EV–cell communications in complex environments. This study further demonstrates efficient delivery of EVs with bioactive contents derived from feeder cells toward monkey female germline stem cells (FGSCs), which enables self‐renewal and stemness maintenance of the FGSCs without feeder cells. This system may provide a universal platform to customize intercellular exchanges of materials and signals across species and kingdoms.
Mechanochromic Response of Spiropyran‐Incorporated Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Network and the Mechanochromic Enhancement by Nano Zinc Oxide
Authors: Han Dongxu , Wang Xiuxiu , Liu Shiyu , Zhang Yuhe , Li Chensha , Gao Yachen , Zhang Jianqi
Published: July 2023

Spiropyran (SP) based mechanochromic systems are intensively interesting in the research area of mechanochromic materials. Herein, an SP mechanophore is chemically incorporated into a liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) network through Michael addition. The rigidity of mesogens and the orientation of polymer main chains, in which the aligned mesogens and SP moieties are covalently attached, facilitate the transduction of applied force to SP mechanophore to trigger mechanochromic reaction. The LCE network provides enough elasticity for mechanochromic activation. The obtained SP‐LCEs demonstrate strong and reversible mechanochromic response upon mechanical compression. The mechanochromic efficiency and sensitivity are substantially enhanced by doping the SP‐LCE matrix with nano zinc oxide such that it is easy to write on the material surface by using a thin iron wire. The authors hope such SP‐LCE materials will be further developed for real‐time stress detection applications.
Measuring Sentence Information via Surprisal: Theoretical and Clinical Implications in Nonfluent Aphasia
Authors: Rezaii Neguine , Michaelov James , Josephy‐Hernandez Sylvia , Ren Boyu , Hochberg Daisy , Quimby Megan , Dickerson Bradford C.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Nonfluent aphasia is characterized by simplified sentence structures and word‐level abnormalities, including reduced use of verbs and function words. The predominant belief about the disease mechanism is that a core deficit in syntax processing causes both structural and word‐level abnormalities. Here, we propose an alternative view based on information theory to explain the symptoms of nonfluent aphasia. We hypothesize that the word‐level features of nonfluency constitute a distinct compensatory process to augment the information content of sentences to the level of healthy speakers. We refer to this process as lexical condensation.

Methods

We use a computational approach based on language models to measure sentence information through surprisal, a metric calculated by the average probability of occurrence of words in a sentence, given their preceding context. We apply this method to the language of patients with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA; n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 133) as they describe a picture.

Results

We found that nfvPPA patients produced sentences with the same sentence surprisal as healthy controls by using richer words in their structurally impoverished sentences. Furthermore, higher surprisal in nfvPPA sentences correlated with the canonical features of agrammatism: a lower function‐to‐all‐word ratio, a lower verb‐to‐noun ratio, a higher heavy‐to‐all‐verb ratio, and a higher ratio of verbs in ‐ing forms.

Interpretation

Using surprisal enables testing an alternative account of nonfluent aphasia that regards its word‐level features as adaptive, rather than defective, symptoms, a finding that would call for revisions in the therapeutic approach to nonfluent language production. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:647–657
A neuroanatomy lab practical exam format in alignment with the universal design for learning framework
Authors: Kimpo Rhea R. , Puder Barb
Published: July 2023

The traditional format for neuroanatomy lab practical exams involves stations with a time limit for each station and inability to revisit stations. Timed exams have been associated with anxiety, which can lead to poor performance. In alignment with the universal design for learning (UDL), Timed Image Question and Untimed Image Question exam formats were designed to determine which format supports student success, especially for those who performed poorly in the traditional format. Only the Untimed Image Question format allowed students to revisit questions. All three formats were administered in a randomized order within a course for three cohorts of medical students. When all students' scores were analyzed together, the type of format had no effect. However, when analyses were conducted only on students who performed poorly in the traditional format, the type of format had an effect. These students increased their score, on average, by at least one grade level in the Untimed Image Question format compared to the traditional format. Students who performed well in the traditional format maintained their A, on average, in the two new formats. More students indicated Untimed Image Question as their most preferred format after experiencing all three formats. Most students associated the inability to revisit questions with high levels of anxiety. A neuroanatomy lab exam format was therefore identified as consistent with the UDL framework such that all students, regardless of test anxiety levels, can equally demonstrate what they learned. This format allowed for unlimited time per question and ability to revisit questions.
Multistimuli‐responsive fluorescence behaviours of aggregation‐induced emission small‐molecule and electrospun nanofibre films for acid–base vapour sensing
Authors: Ma Chunping , He Jiyin , Wu Yancheng , Li Junlang , Chen Jiayi , Zhang Yangfan , Mo Jinpeng , Xie Haibo , Chi Zhenguo , Li Yang , Jin Yongcan
Published: July 2023

Multistimuli‐responsive fluorescent materials have garnered great research interest benefited from their practical applications. Two twisted‐structure compounds containing tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) group and a pyridine unit as the acid reaction site to obtain new multistimuli‐responsive fluorescent compounds (namely, TPECNPy: TPECNPy‐2 and TPECNPy‐3) were successfully synthesized through a one‐step Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The multiple‐stimuli response process of TPECNPy was investigated by means of photoluminescence (PL) spectra and emission colour. The results showed that both TPECNPy compounds with excellent AIE abilities displayed reversible emission wavelength and colour changes in response to multiple external stimuli, including grinding–fuming by CH2Cl2 or annealing and HCl‐NH3 vapour fuming. More importantly, fluorescent nanofibre films were prepared by electrospinning a solution of TPECNPy mixed with cellulose acetate (CA), and these exhibited reversible acid‐induced discolouration, even with only 1 wt% TPECNPy. The results of this study may inspire strategies for designing multistimuli‐responsive materials and preparing fluorescent sensing nanofibre films.