bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An interplay between genes SLCO1B1, NR2F2, JMJD1C and obesity in developing breast cancer
Authors: Pasenov K. N. , Ponomarenko I. V. , Churnosov M. I.
Published: December 2023

Aim: to evaluate a role of polymorphic variants rs4149056 SLCO1B1, rs8023580 NR2R2 and rs7910927 JMJD1C in developing obesity-related female breast cancer (BC).

Materials and Methods. A retrospective comparative study was performed on a sample of 1,498 women (358 BC patients and 1,140 control subjects) stratified into 2 groups based on verified obesity: obese (119 BC patients and 253 control subjects) and non-obese (239 BC patients and 887 control subjects). Genotyping of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) – rs7910927 JMJD1C, rs8023580 NR2F2, rs4149056 SLCO1B1 was performed to be further analyzed separately in each group of obese and non-obese women for associations of such loci and interplay with breast cancer.

Results. Polymorphisms rs8023580 NR2F2, rs4149056 SLCO1B1 and rs7910927 JMJD1C are not independently associated with BC in obese and non-obese women, whereas their interlocus interactions are BC-significant in each of the examined groups (pperm = 0.047 and pperm = 0.0012, respectively). Among obese women, the combination of TC-TT-GG genotypes (for rs8023580–rs4149056–rs7910927) is associated with a low risk of developing BC (β = –2.45), whereas the combination of TC-TC-GG genotypes is associated with increased BC risk (β=1.42). In non-obese women, a combination of the TC-TT-GT genotypes (β = –0.47) has a protective effect on the BC occurrence, and the risk effect is coupled to TC-TC-GT (β = 0.91) and TC-CC-GT (β = 1.45). The appearance of allele C rs4149056 in female genotype and its increased "concentration" results in higher BC risk.

Conclusion. The allele variant C rs4149056 in the interlocus interactions between the SLCO1B1, NR2F2 and JMJD1C genes is a "universal" factor that elevates BC risk in both obese and non-obese women. The genotype GG rs7910927 is BC-significant in interlocus interactions in obese women, whereas in non-obese women it is coupled to the genotype GT rs7910927.
Development of the simulation model for testing the axial torque distribution in an electric vehicle with the dual-motor layout
Authors: Mizin Maxim D. , Malyshev Andrey N. , Zavatsky Alexander M. , Debelov Vladimir V.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The market of vehicles using electricity as an energy source demonstrates significant growth. Currently, there are more than twenty million electric vehicles worldwide. Leading manufacturers give the high priority to development of electric transport due to lower vehicle service costs, ease of driving as well as zero emissions in environment and almost complete noiselessness at motion. In addition, using the full-wheel drive in an electric vehicle makes it possible to improve off-road capability, ensures more balanced chassis control, precise following the path and constant accuracy of steering.
AIMS: Ensuring increase in vehicle course stability, delivering the maximal torque regarding vehicle motion conditions and slip control in dual-motor layouts of electric vehicles.
METHODS: In order to solve the given task, implementation of the special-purpose algorithm of torque distribution between driving axles of an electric vehicle is assumed. The paper presents the development of the simulation model of a vehicle, built in the Simcenter Amesim software and considering dynamic properties and features of the vehicle. This model was implemented into the Labcar hardware-in-the-loop facility.
RESULTS: The simulation result is comparison with the data obtained during ground testing of the prototype and confirming the aim of simulation model development, in particular the capability of revision and preliminary setting up the algorithm of torque distribution between driving axles of a vehicle.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the testing of the developed facility, it can be concluded that the developed simulation facility is suitable for solving the simulation tasks including research, debugging and primary calibrations of the algorithm of torque distribution between driving axles of a full-wheel driven electric vehicle. The errors at simulation of operation modes relevant to longitudinal and lateral dynamics of the prototype is no more than 7.5% that complies with the simulation aims.
Analysis of collisions of precipitating solid particles with a wall in a viscous liquid
Authors: Kondratiev Alexander S. , Shvydko Pavel P.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: When calculating velocities of free precipitation of solid particle in a viscous Newtonian liquid, it is assumed that influence of incoming vessel head can be neglected. Necessity of considering this factor grows with a vessel head getting closer and with decrease of particles’ geometrical size.
AIMS: Development of the method of calculating solid particles’ precipitation rate in a Newtonian fluid considering the incoming vessel head and definition the limits of its application.
METHODS: The known analytical model of motion of precipitating disperses solid particles when approaching a vessel head is analyzed. It is shown that the known model of calculation of solid particles’ precipitation rate near the vessel head needs to be refined.
RESULTS: The proposed modification of the analytical model of definition the solid particles’ precipitation rate considering the existence of a vessel head helps to ensure more credible results from physical standpoint. Recommendations regarding the influence of the Brownian motion of fluid’s molecules on motion of precipitating solid particles are given.
CONCLUSION: Practical value of the study lies in ability to calculate solid particles’ precipitation rate near to a vessel head.
Evaluation of the technical and economic efficiency of controlled power distribution in transmissions of all-wheel drive trucks
Authors: Keller Andrey V. , Popov Andrey V. , Okolnishnikova Irina Y.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUD: Operating conditions of all-wheel drive trucks determine the probability of motion in conditions of uneven distribution of grip and rolling resistance for driven wheels of various axles and sides, which actualizes torque redistribution from an engine to the driven wheels. Reasonable power distribution between driven axles and wheels is important in order to improve the efficiency of all-wheel drive vehicles.
AIMS: Evaluation of technical and economic efficiency of controlled power distribution in transmissions of all-wheel drive trucks with hydraulically controlled friction clutches.
METHODS: A series of experiments was carried out on the basis of the KAMAZ-65222 with a differential lock control system with hydraulically driven friction clutches and a measuring and recording facility. The technical efficiency of control on differentials when driving in various road conditions was evaluated by the acceleration duration of the vehicle, the average speed of straight-line movement and when performing a maneuver, the parameters of the ground clearance, fuel efficiency and comparative loading of the wheels drive.
RESULTS: The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the algorithm for automatic control of the differential lock in the vehicle transmission in terms of cross-country abilities, workload and fuel efficiency. An increase up to 16.7% of the average speed in difficult road conditions, a decrease of the specific work of rolling resistance overcoming and a decrease in fuel consumption by 7–8% were recorded.
CONCLUSION: Evaluation of efficiency of solutions for control on differentials in transmission of an all-wheel drive truck showed a significant increase in dynamic properties, cross-country abilities and fuel efficiency. Automatic change of the lock degree of differentials in the transmission when driving on a curved path and on uneven surface has a positive effect on transmission reliability and fuel efficiency, ensuring stability and maneuverability to remain stable. The expected economic effect is more than 206.3 thousand rubles. per year for one vehicle.
Opportunities and prospects for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer
Authors: Egorova Elena A. , Useinova Asie N. , Maryanenko Sofia P. , Koryanova Ksenia N. , Al-Nsour Jamal M. , Kasparyan Daniel M. , Kesova Ellina Yu.
Published: December 2023

The high incidence of breast cancer requires increased attention to the problem of rational pharmacotherapy of this condition. When choosing tactics for the treatment of breast cancer, it is recommended to take into account the immunohistochemical subtype of cancer cells. In the case of detection of estrogen-positive expression, an obligatory component of pharmacotherapy is endocrine therapy with antiestrogen orientation. Despite the fact that there are already many years of positive experience with the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors, the search for new more effective agents continues in terms of prolonging the life of patients and reducing the risk of adverse reactions.
In recent years, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors have been added to first-line therapy, which is a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The introduction of combined antiestrogen therapy with targeted agents that have the ability to inhibit phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase is logical in the event of resistance to primary endocrine therapy. However, the need to search and study new drugs remains. In this regard, the most promising direction is the development of agents that can reduce the expression of the Estrogen receptor alpha protein, and block estrogen-dependent and independent estrogen receptor signaling.
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites in elderly patients
Authors: ORAK Filiz , DOĞANER Adem , ARAL Murat , GÜVEN Hulusi , İNAL Şermin , PEMBE Büşra
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Cryptosporidiosis is a self-limiting infection in individuals with immune competence, but it can have serious and life-threatening consequences in the elderly and immune-compromised individuals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites and their relationship with symptoms in elderly patients.

Materials and Methods: The distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites was prospectively evaluated in elderly patients admitted to different clinics of the university hospital between September 2018 and September 2019.

The study group included 40 elderly patients (18 females and 22 males; mean age: 73.35 ±6.55years) with gastrointestinal complaints and a control group consisting of 44 elderly patients without gastrointestinal complaints. Stool samples were examined using wet mount, and Kinyoun acid fast staining.

Results: The most frequently isolated parasites were amoeba cysts and trophozoites in elderly patients. Cryptosporidium spp. cysts were detected in 9 (22.5%) of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and in 13 (40.6%) of those with other complaints and in the control group. Cryptosporidium spp. cysts were found more common in those with a solid stool consistency than others with a watery stool consistency.

Conclusion: Cryptosporidiosis could be a life-threatening condition in a high-risk population, such as the elderly with co-morbidities, and physicians should have increased awareness.
Validity and Reproducibility of Typhoon Damage Estimates using Satellite Maps and Images
Authors: Perante Wenceslao C.
Published: December 2023

The use of satellite maps and images in rapid assessments offers many advantages, but questions on validity, and reproducibility of data obtained is always a concern. This study usedsatellite maps and images to quickly assess the level of damage, the number of affected households, the number of affected individuals, and the status of roads and bridges after Typhoon Haiyan hit Tacloban City in November 8, 2013.  Cohen’s Kappa and Intraclass Correlations (ICC) were used to determine validity and reproducibility of visual damage assessment data derived from pre and post satellite maps. Findings suggest that the use of satellite maps and imagery is valid and reproducible; but for estimates on affected households and individuals, results are poor to moderate suggesting that assessors for this parameter should have a background, training, and experience on visual rapid assessments to yield better results. This method offers many advantages, but it also has many limitations. This study presents the processes employed in visual data interpretation using satellite maps and images; recommendations for improvements are also presented. The use of satellite maps and images may be employed in situations requiring quick data that are vital in creating an effective, and informed emergency response after a natural disaster, thereby, making delivery of intervention, relief, and services to the affected public faster and more efficient.
Theoretical Study of EUXIT 50 KI Epoxy and its Hardener using Hyperchem-8 Program
Authors: Farhan Ahlam Mohammed , Kadhim Nafeesa Jabbar , Jaafer Harith Ibrahem
Published: December 2023

The work includes a theoretical study of the epoxy and its derivative where it was done by the program of hyperchem-8 using molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations. The heat of formation (ΔH○f), binding energy (ΔEb) and total energy (ΔEtot.) of the epoxy and its derivative were calculated using the PM3 method at 298 K. Also, PM3 was used to evaluate the bond length and vibrational spectra of epoxy (A1) and epoxy with hardener complex (A2).The experimental values were compared with theoretical results that agree with those found experimentally.
Yunus Emre’nin Divanı’nda “Baş” İfadesinin Farklı Anlam ve Kullanımları
Authors: EMİROĞLU Selim , ÇETİNKAYA Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Türkçenin büyük ustalarından biri olan Yunus Emre, eserlerinde kullandığı söz varlığıyla Türkçeye yeni kapılar aralamış, özgün ifade ve imgeler kazandırmıştır. Sözlerindeki derinlik ve sehli mümteni (kolay gibi görünen ancak söylenmesi, yazılması zor olan özlü sözler) sanatını etkili bir şekilde kullanmasıyla kendisinden sonraki sanatçı ve okurları etkilemeyi başarmıştır. Birçok kelimeye farklı değer ve anlam katan Yunus Emre, Divan’ında “baş” ifadesini çeşitli dil yapılarıyla (deyim, mecaz, birleşik sözcük, ikileme, kalıp söz, Eski Türkiye Türkçesi-halk ağzı) ve günümüzde Türkçe sözlükte farklı anlamlara (çok anlamlılık) gelebilecek şekilde kullanmıştır. Çalışma, bu farklı anlam ve kullanımları sınıflandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel desendeki çalışmada doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle Yunus Emre’nin Divan’ında yer alan “baş” ifadesinin Türkçedeki farklı anlam ve kullanımları belirlenmiş, bulgular tablolarla gösterilmiş; bu tespitlerden yola çıkarak şairin Türkçeyi kullanmadaki ustalığı ile Türkçenin kelime ve anlam zenginliğine dair değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Nötrosofik Bulanık Çok Amaçlı Optimizasyon Tekniği ve Tekstil Üretim Planında Uygulaması
Authors: BAYAZİT BEDİRHANDOĞLU Şule , ATLAS Mahmut
Published: December 2023

Dünya, küreselleşmenin etkisi ile birlikte, zaman ve mekân fark etmeksizin küçülmektedir. Küçülme, günlük yaşama artan değişim ve belirsizlik olarak yansımıştır. Bu durum beraberinde rekabet koşullarının ağırlaşmasına ve işletmelerin talepleri karşılamada birçok zorluk yaşamasına neden olmaktadır. Belirsizlik, 20. yüzyılda Zadeh tarafından sunulan bulanık kavramının literatüre girmesinden itibaren yönetilmesi gereken önemli bir kavram hâlini almıştır. Belirsizliği dikkate alan bulanık mantık, farklı yapılar hâlinde gelişmekle beraber birçok alanda uygulanmıştır. Nötrosofik kümeler bu yapılardan biridir. Nötrosofik kümeler, belirsizliği birbirinden bağımsız doğruluk, belirsizlik ve yanlışlık bileşenleri ile inceleme imkânı sunmaktadır. İşletmeler üretimlerini istenilen kalitede ve zamanında üretmek istemektedir. Ayrıca işletmeler, mevcut kaynaklarını optimal bir şekilde kullanarak kazançlarını artırma amacı gütmektedir. Üretimin birden çok amacın çerçevesinde gerçekleşmesi üretim sürecinin çok amaçlı olarak organize edilmesi ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada çok amaçlı doğrusal üretim problemi için bir çözüm tekniği önerilmektedir. Tekstil ürünleri üretim işletmesinde nötrosofik çok amaçlı optimizasyon tekniği ile çözüm gerçekleştirilmiştir. İşletmeden elde edilen veriler ile işletmenin mevcut kapasitesi ve amaçları belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra üretim modeli nötrosofik çok amaçlı optimizasyon tekniği ile modellenmiş ve çözümü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda çok amaçlı optimizasyon probleminin nötrosofik ve sezgisel bulanık kümeler ile elde edilen çözüm sonuçları kıyaslanmıştır. Kâr ve müşteri memnuniyeti amaçları için nötrosofik çok amaçlı optimizasyon tekniği ile daha etkin sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Maliyet amacı için sezgisel bulanık çok amaçlı optimizasyon tekniği ile daha düşük maliyet elde edilmektedir.
Çevrim İçi Müşteri Yorumlarını Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Keşifsel Bir Çalışma: Trendyol Örneği
Authors: PAKER Neslihan , KIZILIRMAK Berivan
Published: December 2023

Elektronik ticaret hacminin her geçen gün artmasıyla birlikte, çevrim içi müşteri yorumları hem müşterilerin satın alma kararı üzerinde etkili bir bilgi kaynağı hem de elektronik ticaret hizmet sağlayıcılarının önemli bir tutundurma aracı olarak geliştirilmeye değer bir pazarlama unsuru hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; elektronik ticaret çevrim içi müşteri yorumlarında ağırlık kazanan faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma keşifsel bir çalışma olup Trendyol e-ticaret sitesinde en çok satılan ve en yüksek puan alan sekiz çeşit bluetooth kulaklık ve yedi çeşit güneş kremine dair yapılan en yüksek ve en düşük puanlı çevrim içi yorumları içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın iki araştırmacısı, Maxqda yazılımı aracılığıyla yorumlardan elde edilen 1082 kodu bağımsız bir şekilde değerlendirmiş olup, kodlayıcılar arasındaki Cohen Kappa güvenilirlik katsayısı %89 olarak hesaplamıştır. Değerlendirmelerde tekrar edilme sıklıklarına göre sırasıyla ürün kalitesi, satıcıya güven, kargo lojistiği, algılanan değer ve satış promosyonu olmak üzere beş adet ana kod elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; müşteri yorumlarında ürün kalitesi ağırlık kazanmakla birlikte, değerlendirmelerin %43’ü diğer faktörlere dayalı olarak yapılmıştır. Diğer faktörlerden, satıcıya güven olumsuz, kargo lojistiği ise olumlu yorumlarda ağırlık kazanmaktadır. Çalışma e-ticaret sitesi yöneticilerine ve site satıcılarına iyileştirme yapabilecekleri alanlarda öneriler sunmakta, elektronik ticaret yazınına katkılarda bulunmaktadır.
The Phenomenon of Dark Leadership A Conceptual Evaluation
Authors: DAĞISTAN Umut
Published: December 2023

The concept of leadership has become a concept that attracts more and more attention with each passing day. Leadership is one of the most researched subjects in organizational literature, management discipline and many other fields. It is recognized that leadership is crucial for key organizational issues such as performance, as well as many other individual, group, and organizational indicators. The concept of leadership always includes a mystical meaning. It is thought that leaders are very different people from other people and have different characteristics. Because of this, it is believed that they are more competent and impressive than other people. However, many studies have shown that leaders do not consist of only positive, ideal characteristics. They even have some dysfunctional dark sides. Because of these aspects, they sometimes experience difficulties in bringing themselves and their organizations to success. The phenomenon of dark leadership has been tried to be expressed with many concepts in the literature. However, in essence, dark leaders are leaders who are characterized by the pursuit of power, success, and control, and are able to deftly use tools of psychological manipulation and control over others. This study was conducted with the motivation to better understand this phenomenon.
IX. Benedictus: Orta Çağ’ın Özgün Papası
Authors: SADAY Barış
Published: December 2023

Orta Çağ Avrupası, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun dağılması ardından siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve dini anlamda büyük bozulmalar yaşamıştır. Bu kaotik ortam, Karolenj hakimiyeti sonucunda kısmen “Pax Romana”nın yeniden tesis edilmesine kadar devam etmiş; fakat Şarlman sonrası, Karolenj hakimiyetinin zayıflaması ve nihayetinde yıkılması ile Avrupa yeniden karışıklık içerisine girmiştir. Papalık, Karolenj desteği ile kendisini var etmiş ve kurumsallaşma sürecine girmiş; ancak Avrupa’nın yaşamış olduğu güvensiz ortamın etkileri Papalık üzerinde de kendisini göstermiştir. Özellikle, Papalık için bu döneme, Saeculum Obscurum (Karanlık Çağ) tanımlaması yapılmıştır. Karolenj desteğinin çekilmesi sonrası, Papalık makamı, başta Roma olmak üzere İtalya’daki asilzadelerin kontrolüne girmiştir. Bu süreç sonucunda geçmişten gelen bazı gelenekler, kurallar ve uygulamalar bozulmaya başlamıştır. Lateran Roma Kilisesi belli ailelerin ve kişilerin mülkü gibi görülmüştür. Bu durum neticesinde, Papalık makamı adeta asilzadelerin kalıtsal kurumu olmuştur. Bu asilzadeler, Papalık makamı için geçmişten gelen kuralları görmezden gelmişler ve usulsüz tavırlar/uygulamalarda bulunmuşlardır. Bu makamda en özgün papa ise IX. Benedictus idi. Bu makale temel amacı, farklı yönlerini ile Papa IX. Benedictus’un hayatını ve Papalık devletinin yaşadığı Saeculum Obscurum (Karanlık Çağ)u dönem kaynakları ile değerlendirmektir.
Tekstil Sektörü Çalışanlarında Güç Mesafesinin İşe Yabancılaşmaya Etkisinde Etik İklimin Rolü
Authors: ÇETİN Zeki
Published: December 2023

Bireyler kendi değerleri ve hedefleri ile örgütün hedefleri ve uygulamaları arasında bir uyumsuzluk algıladıklarında ortaya çıkan işe yabancılaşma, örgütlerin insan kaynağını yitirmesinde etkin bir rol oynamaktadır. İşe yabancılaşmayı ortaya çıkaran ya da artıran unsurların belirlenmesi, örgütlerin insan kaynağına yönelik stratejilerini geliştirmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu noktadan hareketle hazırlanan araştırmada, algılanan güç mesafesinin işe yabancılaşmaya etkisinde algılanan örgütsel etik iklimin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Tekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 335 katılımcının dâhil edildiği araştırmada kullanılan öz bildirim ölçekleri ile elde edilen veriler, Smart PLS 4 ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre algılanan güç mesafesi işe yabancılaşmayı artırırken algılanan örgütsel etik iklimi azaltmaktadır. Algılanan örgütsel etik iklim ise işe yabancılaşmayı azaltmaktadır. Bununla birlikte algılanan örgütsel etik iklim, algılanan güç mesafesinin işe yabancılaşmaya etkisinde aracı rol üstlenmektedir. Örgütlerde olumlu ve şeffaf bir örgüt ikliminin yaratılması sayesinde algılanan güç mesafesinin olumsuz etkileri hafifleyebilir, işe yabancılaşma azalabilir ve buna bağlı olarak insan kaynağının elde tutulması probleminin üstesinden gelinebilir.
Göç Yönetiminde Kanıta Dayalı Politika Yaklaşımı
Authors: DERELİ Sercan
Published: December 2023

Kamu politikası, modern toplumların ekonomik ve toplumsal ilişkilere müdahalede başvurduğu araçların başında gelmektedir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde kurumsallaşan ve bilimsel bir çalışma alanı olma özelliği kazanan kamu politikası, politika yapımında rasyonalizasyon süreçlerinin hız kazanmasında etkili olmuştur. Bilim ve politika arasındaki bağın güçlenmesi sonucunda ampirik araştırmalar, politika yapım sürecinin temel unsurlarından biri hâline gelmiş ve karar alma süreçlerinde politika yapıcılar için birer referans noktası oluşturmuştur. 1990 sonrası dönemde ise kamu politikası üretimi, ampirik araştırmalardan elde edilen verileri kanıt formuna dönüştürerek politika önerilerinin etkililiğini arttırmayı hedefleyen bir girişim olarak ortaya çıkan kanıta dayalı politika anlayışı çerçevesinde ele alınmaya başlanmış ve rasyonalizasyon sürecinde yeni bir döneme geçilmiştir. Günümüzde hacmi ve hızı giderek artan göç hareketleri yönetilmesi zorunlu olan bir alan olarak kabul edildiğinden kanıta dayalı politika anlayışı göç politikalarına ve kamu politikasının önemli bir ayağını oluşturan göç yönetimi alanına da tesir etmiş ve bu anlayış çerçevesinde özellikle merkez ülkeler tarafından kanıta dayalı göç politikaları oluşturulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kanıta dayalı politika anlayışının kurumsallaşma süreci kavramsal ve kurumsal perspektiften ele alınmış, göç yönetiminde kanıta dayalı politika anlayışının gelişimi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmada, göç yönetiminde kanıta dayalı politika anlayışı merkez ülke örnekleri üzerinden ele alınarak ilgili anlayışın göç politikalarının etkililiğinin arttırılmasındaki öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.
DETECTION OF RHODAMINE VIA SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY UTILISING AG NANOWIRES
Authors: AY Kürşad Osman
Published: December 2023

Rhodamine, which is extensively used as a synthetic dye in food industry, is regarded as an illegal additive by European Food Safety Authority because of its carcinogenic and toxicological properties. Since it’s a colourless material at low concentrations such as 10-7 M, its detection via spectroscopical methods is very challenging and crucial in terms of food safety issues. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) provides a fast and cheap method for detection of such molecules at ultra-low concentrations. It is based on the principle of boosting Raman signals, which have low intensity by nature, by utilising metal nanoparticles in order to enhance Raman signals by creating hot-spots. In this study Ag nanowires were synthesized, their crystal structure is characterized via XRD analysis, their surface morphology and radius are determined via SEM images and EDS analysis was performed for determining their chemical composition. Afterwards, rhodamine solutions which were prepared at 10-4 – 10-7 M was dropcasted onto Ag nanowire solutions. After selecting three characteristic Raman peaks belonging to the Rhodamine molecule, which are located at 612, 1189 and 1362 cm-1, detection of Rhodamine was performed at these ultra low concentrations. As a result, one can conclude that, Ag nanowires can be utilized as possible SERS substrates for detection of Rhodamine at low concentrations by exhibiting significant reproducibility, stability and recyclability.
A Study on Determination of Natural Radionuclide Concentrations in Tap Water Samples Collected from the Districts of Sinop Province, Türkiye
Authors: DİZMAN Serdar
Published: December 2023

Since Turkey's second nuclear power plant is planned to be built in Sinop province, it is very important to determine the background levels of radioactivity in this region. In the present study, activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K natural radionuclides in nine tap water samples collected from the districts of Sinop province located in the north of Turkey were determined using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The coordinates of sampling areas were also recorded by GPS device (Magellan Explorist 510). The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides in the studied waters were calculated to be 1.74 ± 0.49 Bq/L, 1.39 ± 0.35 Bq/L and 5.32 ± 1.41 Bq/L. In addition, annual effective dose equivalents from the intake of these radionuclides in the tap water samples were calculated for infants, children and adults and the found results were compared with the values recommended by international organizations. As a result, there is no risk in terms of natural radioactivity in the consumption of studied waters by humans.
Posaconazole Loading and Release Behavior in Surface-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticular System
Authors: ERKAN Hilal , KEÇECİLER-EMİR Ceren , ÖZEL Cem , YÜCEL Sevil
Published: December 2023

In conventional drug treatments, high toxic effects, low solubility, and low bioavailability of the active substance cause insufficient drug release in the target tissue and undesirable side effects in healthy tissue. Various drug delivery systems are utilized to eliminate these undesirable effects. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are biocompatible biomaterials that have a large surface area, high pore volume, and enhanced adsorption capacity. With MSN-mediated controlled drug release, the active substance concentration in the blood is kept within the desired therapeutic range. Posaconazole (PCZ) is an antifungal agent. Absorption of PCZ is difficult due to its low solubility in aqueous and acidic environments, low therapeutic effect and low bioavailability. The use of controlled drug release systems avoids these problems and facilitates the absorption and release of PCZ. In this study, it is aimed to enhance the PCZ adsorption and release by using a drug delivery system. MSNs were synthesized by sol-gel method, and surface modification of nanoparticles was achieved using (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). PCZ was loaded on APTES-modified MSN successfully. MSN, APTES-modified MSN and PCZ loaded APTES-modified MSN were characterized. Diffusion controlled release of PCZ was observed in drug release studies.
Effects of Osmotic Drought and GA3 Applications on Germination, Seedling Growth and Mitotic Index of Rye
Authors: YELER Erdal Eren , TOSUN Metin , TÜRKOĞLU Aras
Published: December 2023

In this study, effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and putrescine of polyamines on germination, seedling growth and mitotic index were analyzed on rye seeds cv. Aslım-95 under osmotic drought conditions formed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 application. In order to form osmotic drought, test was conducted by combining 6 different doses of PEG as 0, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 including the control (0) and the doses of GA3 as 0, 300, 600, 900 mM. The concentration of -2 bar of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 that was conducted so as to form osmotic drought influenced positively some characters that were examined in the study. However, the incentive effect of -2 bar of osmotic drought showed few change in compliance with PEG 6000+GA3 combinations. On the other hand, following that concentration, when osmotic drought level, that is PEG 6000 concentration, became higher, all the characters were influenced in a negative way. All the doses of GA3 that was used in combination with PEG 6000 showed positive effects on the examined characters, and shortened the germination time, that is, germinating duration. The biggest effect was observed in the concentration of 900 mM which is the highest concentration of GA3. As a result, especially high doses of osmotic drought stress affect germination and seedling growth in a very negative way; It was determined that all doses of GA3 could partially compensate for the effect of osmotic drought induced by PEG 6000.
The Effect of the Distance Between Unit Cells on the Frequency Stability of Frequency Selective Surfaces
Authors: DÖKEN Bora
Published: December 2023

Periyodik iletken geometriler literatürde frekans seçici yüzey (FSY) olarak adlandırılmaktadırlar. Geometrilerine bağlı olarak filtre davranışı sergileyen FSY'lerin frekans yanıtları geometrilerine, elektromanyetik dalganın geliş açısına, frekansına ve polarizasyonuna bağlıdır. Periyodik iletken geometriler arasındaki mesafe FSY'lerin en önemli parametrelerinden birisidir ve frekans cevabı üzerine olan etkisi literatürde bugüne kadar yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada dört farklı FSY geometrisi seçilerek, periyodik iletken geometriler arasındaki mesafenin FSY’lerin frekans kararlılığı üzerine olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Seçilen FSY geometrilerinin benzetimleri Ansoft HFSS yazılımı tarafından gerçekleştirilmiş ve oldukça ilginç bir sonuç elde edilmiştir. Periyodik iletken geometriler arasındaki mesafe “0.1” rezonans dalga boyunun altına düşürüldüğünde beklenenin aksine FSY'in geliş açısı kararlılığının önemli ölçüde azaldığı görülmüştür. Literatürde birim hücre boyutu azaldıkça FSY’lerin frekans kararlıklarının arttığı ifade edilmektedir. Periyodik iletken geometriler arasındaki mesafe “0.1” rezonans dalga boyunun altına düştüğünde, komşu hücrelerin iletken yolları arasında meydana gelen girişimler baskın hale gelmekte ve FSY’in kararsız frekans yanıtına sahip olmasına yol açmaktadır.
Determination of Yield and Quality Characteristics of Some Strawberry Varieties in Uşak Ecological Conditions
Authors: ÇOLAK Ayşen
Published: December 2023

In this study, pomological properties, chemical compositions, and production possibilities of fruits harvested at the maturity stage of four strawberry cultivars (Albion, Camarosa, Amiga, and Sabrina) grown in a commercially produced orchard were investigated. Fruit weight (16.33 g) was found to be higher in the Albion variety. The fruit length of the Camarosa strawberry variety was 42.05 mm and the longest fruit width was 31.56 mm. The Camarosa variety reached the highest yield with 736.55 g per plant, followed by the Albion variety (523.88 g) and the Amiga variety (324.48 g). The total phenol content of strawberry fruits (231.76 mg GAE 100 g-1), and antioxidant capacity (322.51µmol TE 100 g-1 ) were highest in Amiga and the lowest in Sabrina (43.61 mg GAE 100 g-1). In terms of the amount of water-soluble dry matter (SSCM) of strawberry fruits, the highest SSC content was determined in the Camarosa variety with 7.60%. The highest amount of titratable acid, pH, and vitamin C were found in the Sabrina cultivar, 0.70 g citric acid 100 mL-1 , 4.04%, and 137.04 mg 100 g-1, respectively.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and L-cysteine-capped AgNPs with Foeniculum vulgare seed extract for Colorimetric Hg2+ Detection
Authors: UZUNOĞLU DOĞRUYOL Deniz
Published: December 2023

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and L-cysteine-capped AgNPs were synthesized separately using Foeniculum vulgare seed extract as the reducing agent and L-cysteine as the capping agent, which were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The utilization of the synthesized nanomaterials as colorimetric sensors for the detection of Hg2+ ions was also investigated. In this context, it was determined that L-cysteine-capped AgNPs exhibited better performance in the colorimetric Hg2+ detection in regards to sensitivity, selectivity, and applicability in real samples. It was observed that the colorimetric detection method was based on the disappearance of the brown color of the nanomaterial-contained colloidal solution and thus the decrease in the LSPR peak intensity. The method of the colorimetric Hg2+ detection with L-cysteine-capped AgNPs showed the good regression coefficient with the minimum detection limit of 0.36 μM in the linear Hg2+ concentration range of 1.0-10 μM, which indicated the competitive results compared to the latest reported colorimetric sensors in the literature. According to the obtained results, it has been concluded that the studied method enables to detection of Hg2+ ions colorimetrically via L-cysteine-capped AgNPs in a sensitive, selective, applicable in real samples, cheap, and easy way.
Geographical variation of duration of larval development and body size in Rana temporaria (Ranidae, Anura) metamorphs
Authors:   Moscow Lomonosov State University, Lyapkov S. M.
Published: December 2023

With the help of artificial inter-population crosses of adult Rana temporaria from four spatially remote populations of the European part of the species' range, the magnitude and direction of changes in metamorphic traits were estimated. The maximum values of the size of metamorphs at the end of metamorphosis and the rate of larval growth were found in the descendants of the parents of Belarusian populations (Turov and Minsk) and, as a rule, in hybrid offspring with the participation of the parents of these populations, when crossing with individuals from the population of the Moscow region (ZBS). Outbreeding depression of the time of larval development before the end of metamorphosis and growth rate was revealed when crossing ZBS females with Turov males. In a population from a region with a relatively low climatic temperature (Kirov), the minimum size of metamorphs was revealed, but not the time of larval development. In most crosses, a relatively greater contribution of non-additive genetic variability, as well as the maternal effect associated with the difference in egg sizes, to the formation of inter-population differences was revealed. The inter-population variability of studied traits related to fitness is often directed along the gradient of environmental conditions, and not counter-gradient (as should be expected based on the conception of counter-gradient selection), which is explained by the choice of different growth and development strategies in tadpoles formed in southern and northern populations.
Modelling the range dynamics of the marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) (Ranidae, Amphibia) in Russia under alternative scenarios of global climate change
Authors:   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrosyan V. G. , Osipov F. A. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bashinskiy I. V. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dergunova N. N. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bobrov V. V. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

Predictive maps of the distribution of the marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in Russia under the conditions of global climate change up to 2100 are presented. It is shown that under the influence of global climate change, the range will expand and the centroid will shift to the north-east. The patterns of the formation of the invasive part of the species range are summarized and maps are created for different models and scenarios of climate change, which include suitable territories for the further dispersal of the species in the European part of Russia, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. It is shown that with warming in the case of low-sensitivity models, the area of territories suitable for the species will increase by 193(±76)%, and the shift of the center of the range in latitude will be 427(±82) km.
New finds of Elaphe sauromates (Pallas, 1814) (Colubridae, Reptilia) in Kazakhstan
Authors:   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Akhmedenov K. M. , Bakiev A. G. ,   Samara Federal Research Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin RAS
Published: December 2023

A critical analysis of literature data on the records of Elaphe sauromates in the Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1857–2006 is presented. Doubtful finds of the species in the Volga-Ural interfluve and in the vicinity of the city of Atyrau require confirmation. New finds in the region in 2018 and 2021, like all reliable previous ones, were made only on the territory of the Zhylyoysky district.
Some data on the parasite fauna of the Caucasian agama Paralaudakia caucasia Eichwald, 1831 (Agamidae, Reptilia) in Dagestan
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Caspian Institute of Bioresources of the Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gadzhiramazanova A. G. , Gichikhanova U. A. ,   Dagestan State University, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mazanaeva L. F. ,   Dagestan State University
Published: December 2023

Information on the species composition of the parasite fauna of the Caucasian agama P. caucasia is given. In total, 12 individuals of the Caucasian agama were studied and 5 species of helminths were found (Macracanthorhynchus catulinus, Thelandros popovi, T. markovi, Parapharyngodon brevicaudatus, Parapharyngodon szczerbakin). Ectoparasites were not found on the studied agamas.
Distribution of the smooth snake (Coronella austriaca austriaca Laurenti, 1768) (Colubridae, Reptilia) in the Caspian lowland of Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Mazanaeva L. F. , Orlova V. F. ,   Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shepelya E. Yu. ,   Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2023

The distribution of smooth snake in the Caspian lowland of Russia and Kazakhstan is analyzed according to the collections of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University and published works. The map with smooth snake finds includes 36 localities of the species (Volgograd Region, Stavropol Territory, Kalmykia, Chechen Republic, Dagestan, and Kazakhstan).
Foster’s or island rule in populations of Phrynocephalus mystaceus and Eremias velox (Reptilia, Lacertilia) on the sandy massif Sarykum
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Polynova G. V. , Polynova O. E. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba
Published: December 2023

The sandy massif Sarykum, whose age is about 100 thousand years, is an island habitat for psammophilic species of terrestrial vertebrates. The paper presents new morphometric data on the populations of two species of psammophilous lizards living in this area. These are the nominative subspecies of the Secret Toadheaded Agama (Phrynocephalus mystaceus mystaceus Pallas, 1776) and the Caucasian Central Asian Racerunner (Eremias velox caucasica Lantz, 1928). Body length of sexually mature males of the Secret Toadheaded Agama averages 76.5±3.7 mm (n = 30), and adult females – 68.9±4.2 mm (n = 29). Comparison of the obtained materials with similar parameters of the Kazakhstan population of the subspecies shows that mature individuals of the Sarykum population are significantly smaller: for males td = 1.33 ≥ tst with a confidence level α = 0.80, and for females td = 2.07 ≥ tst with α = 0.95. It is known from the literature that all the pre-Caucasian populations of this species are isolated. Perhaps the small size of mature individuals in them also serve as an example of the manifestation of Foster's rule. The data of the presented study indicate a similar feature of the Sarykum population of the Caucasian Central Asian Racerunner. The body length of mature males at Sarykum is 63.6±2.9 mm (n = 9), and that of females is 58.4±3.0 mm (n = 17). The calculation of the reliability of differences by the Student coefficient shows that the length of the trunk of males (td = 2) and females (td = 0.61) of the Sarykum population does not statistically differ from the averaged materials for the region. At the same time, mature individuals of the Sarykum population are significantly smaller than the nominative subspecies from Kazakhstan: for males td = 1.40 ≥ tst with a confidence probability α = 0.80, and for females td = 2.20 ≥ tst with α = 0.95. It is obvious that Foster's rule does not manifest itself in the subspecies population living on the Sarykum sandy massif, and the conspicuous small size of mature individuals is determined by comparison with the size of the nominative subspecies. An interesting fact is that immature foot-and-mouth of both species do not differ in size from individuals of the same age of other populations. Probably, at this stage of ontogenesis, the overall physiologically optimal size for the species is preserved.
Vladimir G. Ishchenko (1938 – 2021) – in memory of a Yekaterinburg Petersburger
Authors:   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ananjeva N. B. , Olenev G. V. ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuranova V. N. ,   Tomsk State University, Payevsky V. A. ,   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

This paper is dedicated to the history of the life path and scientific biography of Vladimir Georgievich Ishchenko, the founder of the national amphibian population ecology. He was born in 1938 and formed as a biologist in Leningrad, where he took his first steps in science under the guidance of Pavel Viktorovich Terentyev. In 1961, after graduating from the university, he moved to work in Sverdlovsk, at the Institute of Biology of the Ural Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he rose from a laboratory assistant to a leading researcher, Doctor of Biological Sciences and worked until his retirement on November 30, 2018. It was in Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg from 1723 to 1924 and after 1991) Vladimir Georgievich for a long period (39 years of regular continuous monitoring), conducted research to study the dynamics of the number and age structure of the amphibian population (pointed frog) in the Urals. The area of scientific interests of Vladimir Georgievich covered population ecology, genetic diversity, phylogeny and taxonomy of animals, the state of populations and the protection of the animal world. His work has made a significant contribution to understanding the ecological mechanisms of ontogeny regulation in animals.
Intraannual and interannual changes in clouds in Ufa
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Kamalova Rita G. , Fatkhutdinova Irina Sh. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Fatkhutdinova Regina Sh. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Kurbanova Lily A. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: December 2023

The study of cloud cover and its characteristics (quantity and forms) is of practical interest, especially for large cities. Cloud cover, having a dual effect (albedo and greenhouse), is an important factor in the formation of the thermal regime in the conditions of global climate change. This article presents the results of the analysis of daily, annual and long-termchanges in thecloudcover regime in thecity of Ufa (Republic of Bashkortostan). Urgent data from long-term observations of clouds (1966–2020) were used for the analysis. The main patterns of the daily course of clouds in the months of the cold and warm period of the year are revealed. The long-term dynamics of cloud cover has shown that its number has a significant upward trend.
Insoluble remains of Lower Permian sylvinite rocks in the western and north-western framing of the Caspian depression
Authors:   Saratov State University, Goncharenko Olga P. , Solomon Maxim V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of a study of the insoluble residue of sylvinites and sylvin-halite rocks of the Lower Permian halogen formation, common within the Perelyubsky areas (Western and Eastern), promising for industrial development (Saratov Region) and the Gremyachinsky potash deposit (Volgograd Region). A technique for studying the insoluble residue of sylvinites is presented. The types of insoluble residue are distinguished according to the form of occurrence in sylvinites and its mineral composition is characterized. The conditions for the formation of sylvine-bearing rocks are refined, taking into account the data obtained on the composition of the insoluble residue.