bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alguns cálculos de Ends de Grupos
Authors: Silva Mateus Fernando Araújo , Coelho Francielle Rodrigues de Castro
Published: December 2023

A Teoria de Ends de Grupos é bastante relevante em Álgebra Homológica. Nesta área, o conceito de ends de grupos, definido algebricamente por Specker em 1950, está relacionado com a dimensão de um espaço quociente sobre Z_2.

Neste trabalho, o principal objetivo é apresentar conceitos e resultados sobre ends de um grupo G, e(G). Mais especificamente, calculamos o número de ends de grupos finitos, grupos cíclicos infinitos e grupos não enumeráveis.
Comparison of 2D 4K vs. 3D HD laparoscopic imaging systems in bariatric surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled prospective trial
Authors: Zwimpfer Tibor Andrea , Stiegeler Nadja , Müller Philip C. , Schötzau Andreas , Fellmann-Fischer Bernhard , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Peterli Ralph , Kraljevic Marko
Published: December 2023

Background: Vision is an important and defining element of laparoscopy and significantly affects the outcome of an operation regarding time, mistakes, and precision. Several new imaging systems have become available for laparoscopic surgery, including three-dimensional (3D) high-definition (HD), and two-dimensional (2D) ultra-high-resolution (4K) monitors. 3D HD systems present a number of potential benefits for surgeons and patients compared to the conventional 2D systems with reduced operating time, blood loss, and shortened hospital stay. However, the performance of 3D systems against the new, ultra-high definition 4K systems is barely known and highly controversial. There is a paucity of studies comparing them in clinical settings. The purpose of this study is to compare 2D 4K versus 3D HD perspective in a gastric bypass operation.
Methods: Forty-eight patients with indication for gastric bypass will be randomized to receive laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery using either 2D 4K or 3D HD systems. Operations are performed by a well-coordinated team consisting of three senior surgeons. Primary outcome is the operating time. Secondary outcomes include intraoperative complications, blood loss, the workload of the operator evaluated through the validated Surg-TLX questionnaire and postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. One interim analysis is planned after the enrolment of twelve participants for each group.
Discussion: This prospective randomized trial aims to investigate the hypothesis stating that the use of the 3D HD system yields a significant improvement in operating time compared to a 2D 4K system in bariatric surgery. The purpose is to provide clinical evidence on new laparoscopic imaging systems and assess potential advantages.
Trial registration: This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT05895058. Registered 30 May 2023. BASEC2023-D0014 [Registry ID Swissethics, approved 3 May 2023]. SNCTP000005489 [SNCTP study register, last updated 13 July 2023].
Which crop biodiversity is used by the food industry throughout the world? A first evidence for legume species.
Authors: Salord Tristan , Magrini Marie-Benoît , Lullien-Pellerin Valérie , Cabanac Guillaume , Amiot Marie-Josèphe , Barron Cécile , boire Adeline , Micard Valérie , Weber Magalie
Published: December 2023

Food biodiversity is a challenging issue for sustainable agri-food systems, particularly in the European one-health context. Most often studied at the levels of agricultural systems and food diets, few works examined plant species diversity used in food products. As the market is a main driver for farmers’ crop choices, analyzing how crop biodiversity is supported by the food industry will inform actions to promote it. By text-mining the ingredient lists of nearly 350,000 packaged food products extracted from the MINTEL database, we first provide a market assessment of legume biodiversity in processed food over the last decade, on a global scale. Soy appears as the major global legume crop for food, and there is still a clear lack of pulse diversity reflected in food products; some progress however was observed over the last years - particularly in Europe. Results suggest that lock-in continues to hamper stronger crop biodiversity.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides at Atmospheric Pressure in Air
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Xinshui , Pan Hongzhou , Zheng Nan , Zhang Yue , Lv Yinjie , Wu Cong , Yu Jiameng , Wei Ran , Gao Tianyi , Yu Yi , Yang Nan
Published: December 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have achieved considerable attention in recent years because of their excellent chemical and physical properties. However, conventional synthesis methods including chemical vapor deposition and wet-chemical synthesis still face many challenges in mass production. Here, we develop a dynamic salt capsulation method to massively prepare TMDs (MoS2, WS2) at atmospheric pressure in air with a high yield more than 95%. With the help of binary salts (KCl, KBr), TMDs can be easily obtained in air for a short reaction time of one hour at a low-temperature of 400 ℃. The as-synthesized MoS2 powders show flower-like nanospheres, which exhibit an excellent catalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reactions, and show a good electrochemical performance as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. This work provides a simple method to synthesize high quality and large quantities of TMDs combined with low cost and time savings, which has a great potential to integrate into industrial production.
Damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid and other findings from a patient cohort enriched for suspected autoimmune psychiatric disease
Authors: Cunningham Janet , Tornvind Emma , Syk Mikaela , Gallwitz Maike , Fällmar David , Amandusson Åsa , Rothkegel Holger , Danfors Torsten , Thulin Måns , Rasmusson Annica , Cervenka Simon , Pollak Thomas , Endres Dominique , Elst Ludger Tebartz van , Bodén Robert , Nilsson Björn , Nordmark Gunnel , Burman Joachim
Published: December 2023

There is growing evidence suggesting that immunological mechanisms play a significant role in the development of psychiatric symptoms in certain patient subgroups. However, it is challenging to identify and classify these cases in this early research stage. Here, we aimed to describe the prevalence and distribution of potential central nervous system (CNS) pathology in psychiatric patients in relation to clinical red flags for autoimmune psychiatric disease and psychiatric symptoms. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) routine findings and CNS damage markers; neurofilament light chain protein (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total Tau (t-Tau), in CSF from 127 patients with psychiatric disease preselected for suspected immunological involvement were related to recently proposed clinical red flags, psychiatric features, MRI and EEG findings. Twenty-one percent had abnormal routine CSF findings and 27% had elevated levels of CNS damage markers. Six percent had anti-neuronal antibodies in serum and 2% in CSF. Sixty-six percent of patients examined with MRI (n = 88) had alterations, mostly atrophy or non-specific white matter lesions. Twenty-seven percent of patients with EEG recordings (n = 70) had abnormal findings. Elevated NfL was associated with comorbid autoimmunity and affective dysregulation symptoms. Elevated t-Tau was associated with catatonia and higher ratings of agitation/hyperactivity. Elevated GFAP was associated with acute onset, atypical presentation, infectious prodrome, tics, depressive/anxiety symptom ratings and overall higher psychiatric symptom burden. In conclusion, pre-selection based on suspected autoimmune psychiatric disease identifies a population with high prevalence of CSF alterations suggesting CNS pathology. Future studies should examine the value of these markers in predicting treatment responses.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproducts formation potential of Shengzhong Lake in southwest China
Authors: Wang Yunwen , Ren Dong , Li Yunxiang , Hao Zhineng , Liu Jingfu
Published: December 2023

The quality and quantity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes as well as its environmental effects associated with the unintended disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have received continuous attention. This work investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of DOM in Shengzhong Lake in southwest China and the formed DBPs during the chlorine disinfection process. The results showed that lake water in summer had significantly higher dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon than that in winter. In contrast, DOM in winter demonstrated an obviously higher aromaticity and molecular weight than that in summer. Four fluorescence components, i.e., terrestrial humic-like substances (C1), protein-like substances (C2) and microbial humic-like substances (C3 and C4), were identified, and their relative abundance followed in the order of C3 > C4 > C2 > C1 in winter and C4 > C3 > C1 > C2 in summer. The formation potential of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in winter were higher and lower than that in summer, which were mainly ascribed to the content of aromatic and hydrophobic substances. Compared to the significant seasonal dynamic, the spatial variation of DOM and the formed DBPs was not obvious. This work sheds light on the spatial-temporal distribution of DOM and the potentially formed DBPs in Shengzhong Lake, and will be helpful for the protection and management of drinking water.
Dynamics of Prokaryotes in the Arabian Sea: Insights into the Interplay of Physicochemical and Biological Variables from Epi to Bathypelagic zone
Authors: Hafza S , A Parvathi , V Sudheesh , PM Muhammed Iqbal , K.T. Alok
Published: December 2023

Bacteria play a crucial role in the Arabian Sea ecosystem by actively participating in the decomposition of organic matter, facilitating nutrient remineralisation and thereby enhancing overall productivity. This study aims to resolve the spatial and seasonal variations in prokaryotic abundance (PA) and biomass with respect to the physicochemical parameters during Spring Inter Monsoon (SIM, April-May), Summer monsoon (SM, June-September), and Winter Monsoon (WM, October-February) in the eastern Arabian Sea. Prokaryotic abundance and biomass distribution estimated using microscopic techniques revealed their highest abundance during SIM, ranging from 2.29 to 4.41 × 106 Cells mL-1 and 8.39 to 21.82 µgL-1, respectively. Similarly, high PA and biomass were observed in late SM (September), ranging from 2.01 to 3.96 × 106 Cells mL-1 and 8.74 to 16.70 µgL-1, respectively, which was preceded by a higher abundance of phytoplankton (Chlorophyll a- 14.57 mg m-3) during peak SM (August). Spatially, the mid-photic waters (M, 75–100 m) sustained high PA during winter convective mixing (January-February). DistLM analysis revealed that ammonia, dissolved oxygen and temperature were the most important factors influencing the PA in the upper photic zone. In contrast, nutrients such as silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate were the major determining factors in the deeper disphotic waters (200–2000 m) which sustained a stable PA throughout the study period. This study throws light on the intricate interplay between physicochemical and biological variables in shaping prokaryotic population during various physical forcings such as upwelling and convective mixing through intense sampling efforts in the Arabian Sea.
The Effect of the Physical Activity Program Developed According to the Precede-Proceed Model on the Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Behavior of Elementary School Students
Authors: KARA Recep , BAŞBAKKAL Zümrüt
Published: December 2023

Background
While obesity rates among children and adolescents have increased significantly in recent years, a decrease in physical activity among children has been widely attributed to this alarming situation. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the physical activity program developed according to the Precede-Proceed Model on children's physical activity level and physical activity self-efficacy, attitude, enjoyment level, and exercise change behaviors.
Methods
This study was developed according to the Precede-Proceed model and carried out in an experimental design with the pre-test-post-test control group. Considering the possibility of data loss during the research, 178 students were included in the study, 89 in the intervention group and 89 in the control group. The study period was from October 2021 to March 2022. Data was collected using Child Information Form, The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (PASS) and Attitude toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS). In consultation with school administrators and classroom teachers, a physical activity program was developed using the Precede-Proceed model so as not to disrupt student instruction. The exercises were carried out three days a week for 30 minutes in the school garden and gym, and the training was carried out in the classrooms one day a week.
Results
It is seen that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the children's physical activity questionnaire at interim follow-up (t=2.885, p<0.01) and post-test (t=12.588, p<0.01) between the groups of students (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of post-test physical activity self-efficacy scale scores (p <0.05). It is seen that there is a significant difference between the groups in terms of the APAS at the interim follow-up (t=4.157, p<0.01) and post-test (t=9.197, p<0.01) scores (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The physical activity program developed according to the Precede-Proceed Model increased children's physical activity levels as well as their self-efficacy and attitudes toward physical activity.
Zn-single atom catalysts enable the catalytic transfer hydro-genation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
Authors: Wang Leyu , Chen Jiawen , Xia Yongming , Ling Yuxuan , Liu Xuehui , Li Shuuan , Yin Xiong , Zhang Lipeng , Liang Minghui , Yan Yi-Ming , Zheng Qiang , Chen Wenxing , Guo Yanjun , Yuan En-Hui , Hu Gaofei , Zhou Xiaole
Published: December 2023

Highly active non-precious metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) toward catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes is of great significance, but still is deficient. Herein, we report that the Zn-N-C SACs containing ZnN3 moieties can catalyze the cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to cinnamyl alcohol (COL) with a conversion of 95.5% and selectivity of 95.4% under a mild temperature and atmospheric pressure, which is the first case of Zn species-based catalysts for the CTH reaction. More impressively, the catalytic activity is dependent on the coordination number of the active Zn-metal atoms, and the optimized Zn-N-C SACs even outperformed most of the reported precious metals-based catalysts in catalytic performance. Isotopic labeling and in situ FT-IR spectroscopy indicate that two reactants were co-absorbed at the Zn sites to proceed CTH via a "Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley" mechanism, which is supported by the DFT calculations. DFT calculations also reveal that the outstanding catalytic activity of ZnN3 moieties stemmed from the suitable adsorption energy and favorable reaction energy of the rate-determining step at the Zn active sites. Our findings demonstrate that Zn-N-C SACs hold extraordinary activity toward CTH of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, and thus provide a promising approach to explore the advanced SACs for achieving high value-added chemicals.
Patterns of Rainfall and Temperature and their Relationships with Potential Evapotranspiration rates over recent years (1981-2022) in Southwestern Uganda, East Africa.
Authors: Ojara Moses A. , Babaousmail Hassan , Aribo Lawrence , Namumbya Sylvia , Mumo Lucia , Ogwang Bob Alex
Published: December 2023

Uganda in East Africa is experiencing highly variable rainfall that is exacerbated by temperatures warming at faster rates. This study analyzed rainfall and temperature patterns in comparison with the potential evaporation transpiration rates (PET) for southwestern Uganda for varying period from 1981-2022. For rainfall onset date (OD), threshold of 0.85 mm for a rainy day, rainfall of 20 mm accumulated over 5 days with at least 3 rain days and dry spell not exceeding 9 days in the next 30 days were used. The rainfall cessation dates (RCDs) is determined when Water Balance (WB) falls below 5 mm in 7 days in the last month of the expected season (May and December) for the first and second season respectively. Standardized rainfall anomaly was utilized to show seasonal and annual rainfall variability. Pearson’s correlation (r) coefficient was used to show the relationship between weather variables (rainfall, temperature) and PET at five rainfall stations. Results showed highly varied onset and cessation dates for March-May (MAM) seasonal rainfall compared to those of September-December (SOND). Results further revealed statistically significantly increasing trends in both maximum and minimum temperatures across the region, with the highest rate of increase of maximum temperature of 0.70oC and 0.65oC for minimum temperature per decade respectively. Moreover, the maximum temperature and PET showed strong positive correlation coefficient (r) that ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 across the regions, which likely contributes to excess evaporation from the surfaces, soil moisture deficits that negatively affect plants biomass production, low crop yields and food insecurity. We recommend water management and conservation practices such as mulching, zero tillage, planting drought-resistant crops, and using affordable irrigation systems during period of water deficit.
Inhaled Delivery of Cetuximab-Conjugated Immunoliposomes Loaded with Afatinib: A Promising Strategy for Enhanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Sha , Chen Daoyuan , Zhu Xiaosu , Wang Xiaowen , Li Xiao , Du Yuan , Zhang Peng , Tian Jingwei , Song Yingjian
Published: December 2023

Afatinib (AT), an FDA-approved aniline-quinazoline derivative, is a first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining it with cetuximab (CX), a chimeric human-murine derivative immunoglobulin-G1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has shown significant improvements in median progression-free survival. Previously, we developed cetuximab-conjugated immunoliposomes loaded with afatinib (AT-MLP) and demonstrated their efficacy against NSCLC cells (A549 and H1975). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of pulmonary delivery to mitigate adverse effects associated with oral administration and intravenous injection. We formulated AT-MLP dry powders (AT-MLP-DPI) via freeze-drying using tert-butanol and mannitol as cryoprotectants in the hydration medium. The physicochemical and aerodynamic properties of dry powders were well analyzed firstly. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity study revealed concentration- and time-dependent cellular uptake behavior and antitumor efficacy of AT-MLP-DPI, while transwell assay demonstrated the superior inhibitory effects on NSCLC cells invasion and migration. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that pulmonary delivery of AT-MLP-DPI significantly increased bioavailability, prolonged blood circulation time, and exhibited higher lung concentrations compared to alternative administration routes and formulations. The in vivo antitumor efficacy study carried on tumor-bearing nude mice indicated that inhaled AT-MLP-DPI effectively suppressed lung tumor growth.
The transition mechanism of dynamic mechanical loss peaks and phase analysis in binary block copolymers of styrene/butadiene rubber
Authors: Wang Wenheng , liao mingyi , Wang Lei
Published: December 2023

The binary segmented styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) have been synthesized using butadiene (Bd) and styrene (St) as monomers through living anionic polymerization. This study investigates the loss peak transition mechanism, phase transition mechanism, and the relationship among structure, phase state, and dynamic mechanical properties of segmented SSBR. The results indicate that the two-segment polymerization method allows for precise control of the sequence structure of binary segmented SSBR. The change in the loss peak of SSBR is continuously observed. The phase structure of SSBR can be altered by adjusting the length ratio of the soft and hard segments, which makes structure transition from phase separation to partial compatibility, and ultimately to full compatibility. Furthermore, the mass ratio of Bd/St within the soft and hard segments can be manipulated to influence the compatibility of the SSBR system. TEM images reveal that the transition from complete phase separation to partial compatibility, and ultimately full compatibility, can be represented by changes in the size and distribution of Bd aggregate particles, transitioning from large-sized, mixed-sized particles to uniformly small-sized particles.
Effect of whole and clarified egg yolk based extenders on post-thaw quality of bull semen
Authors: Kamusasa Prosper Takudzwa , Chatiza Fungayi Primrose , Machabango Raviro , Gororo Eddington
Published: December 2023

Egg yolk is the cryoprotectant of choice for bull semen cryopreservation, probably due to its effectiveness, availability and lower cost compared to alternatives. Despite cryoprotective effects of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), egg yolk also contains large granular and high density materials that are known to be cytotoxic and antagonistic to sperm metabolism. This study hypothesised that removing these large molecules through centrifugation has beneficial effects on cryosurvival of frozen-thawed bull semen. Whole egg yolk (WEY) was diluted 1:3 with double-distilled water, centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 30 min at 5°C and the supernatant saved to prepare the clarified egg yolk (CEY) extenders. Thus, fresh and post thaw sperm quality parameters of six ejaculates collected weekly from each of three bulls were evaluated, and related to three levels (10%, 15%, and 20%) of CEY and one level (20%) of WEY based Tris-citrate-glycerol semen extenders. Significant differences between fresh and post thaw semen quality were observed for gross motility, progressive motility and viability, but not for morphology. A progressive and positive relationship between clarified egg yolk concentration and maintenance of in-vitro semen quality was observed. The 20% CEY and 20% WEY treatments maintained all in-vitro semen quality variables to the same extent. Thus, advantages for using clarified compared to whole egg yolk were observed. Clarification produced a clear and clean semen dose free of large granular material and other artefacts, and produced comparable results with those of whole egg yolk.
Machine learning algorithm comparison for IoT enabled Submerged Arc Welding Process monitoring
Authors: Barot Rakesh , Patel Vinay J
Published: December 2023

Traditional weld quality monitoring is replaced by IoT enabled remote automation, which reduces rejection and cost due to defective welded products. Multi-sensory based IoT enabled submerged arc wedding process monitoring helps to track live process parameters and scope for data analytics resulting in optimized weld quality. In present research article IoT enabled SAW process monitoring system is used to record process parameter with relevant weld bead characteristic and correlated for desired weld performance and quality. Process parameters of welding region is transferred to IoT enabled user-friendly mobile and computer dashboard using developed with the help of open source MQTT protocol and HIVEMQ platform. Supervised learning algorithm for weld penetration, weld bead width and reinforcement height are analysed with combination of arc current, arc voltage, wire feed rate and weld speed variations. To meet different customer requirement accuracy level of prediction is tested using optimum number of epoch to learns the patterns of input is performed for adaptive weld control strategies for given data set. Prediction of weld bead dimension are carried out using Supervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms such as Linear regression, Random forest and Decision tree are compared from externally supplied instances to produce general hypotheses, which ca be useful for development of intelligent systems. Random forest algorithm evaluated highest level of accuracy of prediction and lowest mean absolute error for given data set of IoT enabled SAW process data set.
Projecting the Potential Distribution Areas of Lutzomyia verrucarum and Lutzomyia peruensis using MaxEnt under Climate Change and Predicting the Risk of Carrion’s Disease
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Chang Nan , Li Ke , Wang Zihao , Guo Chenran , Liu Qiyong
Published: December 2023

Carrion’s disease is a vector-borne disease caused by Bartonella bacilliformis. The phlebotomine sand flies Lutzomyia peruensis and Lutzomyia verrucarum are the determined illness vectors. Some climate parameters, such as precipitation and temperature have affected the development and reproduction of sand flies. In addition, other climate related factors that influence the activity of sand flies have also been included in the model. This study used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to evaluate the contribution of climate parameters, and the current and future potential geographical distributions of these two species in the world were estimated. ArcGIS 10.5 software was used to visualize the results, and R 4.2.2 software was used to select the optimal model parameters. We found that temperature seasonality and altitude contributed the most to the distribution of L. verrucarum, while isothermality and altitude contributed the most to L. peruensis. Under current climate conditions, the highly suitable areas of the two species are mainly distributed in the Andes region of South America and middle eastern Africa. Climate change of different intensities will mainly have a negative effect on the worldwide suitable areas of sand flies in the future. In addition necessary monitoring and preventive measures should be taken in high-risk areas with vectors. In addition to vectors, the population also plays an important role in the occurrence of Carrion’s disease, indicating that in areas with high population density, we should pay more attention to the prevention and control of Carrion’s disease.
A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between Oxidative Balance Scoreand and 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2020).
Authors: Wang Rumeng , gao kun , wang lianhua , Li Lizhi , Xue mei
Published: December 2023

Background The association between the Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains unclear. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk. Methods A total of 4,955 participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). OBS was calculated based on nutritional and lifestyle factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk. Linear relationships were examined using restricted cubic spline methods. Stratified analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. Results We included 4,955 participants, and the results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, when compared to the first quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of total OBS were negatively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42–0.83, P = 0.002), with a significant trend (P = 0.003). Lifestyle OBS and dietary OBS were also significantly negatively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.12–0.27; OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.98, P = 0.03), with significant decreasing trends (P for trend < 0.05). Stratified analyses revealed that race and hypertension were effect modifiers in the relationship between OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion Our study demonstrates a negative linear relationship between higher OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk, suggesting the crucial importance of antioxidant-rich dietary and lifestyle choices in reducing ASCVD risk.
Axillary dissection versus radiotherapy in sentinel node positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis of long-term recurrence and survival
Authors: Harris Christopher , Azimi Farhad , Warrier Sanjay , Eslick Guy
Published: December 2023

While select early-stage breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel node may avoid further treatment in line with ACOSOG Z-0011, the optimal treatment for ineligible patients remains unclear. The AMAROS and OTOASAR trials compared axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and axillary nodal radiotherapy (ANR) in sentinel-node positive patients. Our meta-analysis demonstrated reduced overall recurrence with ALND compared to ANR (pOR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.34-1.60, p=0.441), however this was not statistically significant. There was no difference in overall or disease-free survival. As a result, both may be appropriate treatment modalities for sentinel-node positive patients as part of an individualized treatment approach.
Poor short-term outcomes for prognostic high-risk patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia undergoing endovascular therapy
Authors: Takei Tatsuro , Kajiya Takashi , Ohura Norihiko , Tomimura Natsuko , Kamiyama Takuro , Ninomiya Toshiko , Takaoka Junichiro , Atsuchi Nobuhiko
Published: December 2023

Background
The prognosis of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is poor, with an expected life expectancy of 2 or more years, which significantly influences treatment decisions. However, death may occur at the early stages of treatment for wound healing, and aggressive treatment may limit the quality of life of such patients. In patients with CLTI undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT), the Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) clinical stage, male sex, older age, non-ambulatory status, low body mass index, and dialysis have been reported as predictors of mortality risk. However, most studies have not fully investigated the WIFI clinical stages as a prognostic predictor of CLTI. This study aimed to evaluate short-term prognosis and wound healing rates using the prognostic predictors (PPs) indicated above in risk-stratified patients with CLTI who underwent EVT.
Results
The patients were divided into a high-risk group (PPs ≥ 4, n = 20) and low-risk group (PPs ≤ 3, n = 41) according to the number of PPs. The mean age of the patients was 74.7 ± 1.6 years, and 42 (68.9%) were male. Among these patients, the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group had a significantly worse survival rate within one year (46.4% vs. 84.7%, log-rank p < 0.001). Fifteen patients died within one year. Of these, seven deaths were cardiovascular deaths and six were deaths from infectious diseases. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that WIfI clinical stage 4 (p = 0.043, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.85) and the male sex (p = 0.037, HR = 6.34) influenced the prognosis of this population. The high-risk group tended to have a worse wound healing rate within one year than that had by the low-risk group (55.4% vs. 83.0%, log-rank p = 0.086).
Conclusions
The assessment of short-term prognosis and wound healing rates using PPs may be useful. Discussing the results of short-term clinical outcome assessments with patients should be considered when determining their individualized treatment plans.
Hypomagnesemia, Cardiovascular disease and other adverse effects in long term users of Proton pump inhibitors.
Authors: Kitchlew Rizwana , Mansoor Hala , Farooqi Mobeen , Nasir Yamina , Shahid Mubasshar , Iqbal Javed
Published: December 2023

Background
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have revolutionized the management of GERD and peptic ulcer disease. However, they have been misused across the globe, causing increased concerns over its safety. In our study we intend to evaluate magnesium (Mg2+) levels among the long-term PPI users in our population. Additionally we will measure the prevalence of coexisting Ischemic heart disease (IHD), osteoporosis, as well as undiagnosed renal impairment. This is the first study evaluating the PPI mediated adverse effects in our local population, in order to bridge the gaps in knowledge and encourage further exploration of the subject.
Methods
An observational cross-sectional model was followed, with convenience sampling to collect data. Subjects between 18–80 years of age, who gave their consent were included while subjects who had other potential causes of hypomagnesemia were excluded. The collected data was analysed using SPSS ’25.
Results
Our sample consisted of 203 subjects. All were using PPIs, for at least 3 months, with the majority users lying between 3–30 months of use. Omeprazole was the most used PPI with 182 (90%) of users. The number of high dose PPI being 113 (56%). Comparing magnesium levels with total daily dosage (p = 0.18) and duration of PPI use yielded insignificant results. Moreover long term PPI users reported coexisting ischemic heart disease (21.7%) and osteoporosis (4.4%). Renal impairment was identified in 4% of the subjects on testing for serum creatinine.
Conclusion
Long term PPI use is quite prevalent in our population, with majority on high dose PPI. However we could not find significant prevalence of Hypomagnesemia, IHD, osteoporosis and renal impairment among our study population. But an appreciable number had IHD. Further randomized studies may shed more light on the reality of the situation.
Understanding Professional Advocacy: A Mixed Method Approach to Explore Professional Nurse Advocacy and Professional Midwifery Advocacy in one NHS Trust
Authors: Engward Hilary , Goldspink Sally , Abdulmohdi Naim , Alexander Marie
Published: December 2023

Background:
In the UK, specific Professional Nurse Advocates (PNA) and Professional Midwifery Advocates (PMA) centres nurses and midwives as integral to quality improvement in practice (QiP), workforce retention and transformation. However, little is known about the potential impact the PNA/PMA role might have on the daily practice of nurses and midwives, quality in practice, professional wellbeing, and retention. This project, funded by one large NHS Trust in the UK, seeks to explore, and understand the impact (if any) of the PNA/PMA role in relation to nurse/midwife involvement in QiP, professional wellbeing, and the retention of nurses/midwives in that Trust. The focus is on the key issues of the lived experience of current PNA’s/PMA’s; the wider nursing/midwifery workforce perspective of the use (or no use of) of the PNA/PNA role; the link (if any) on quality improvement in practice (QiP); and the workforce impact (if any) on nurse/midwife professional wellbeing and nurse/midwife retention in the organisation.
Methods:
This study is mixed method and multistage design: Workstream 1 identifies the organisational context statistics of QiP, wellbeing and retention to understand difference (if any) before and after the implementation of the PNA/PMA role. Workstream 2 explores the experience of being a PNA/PMA using semi-structured interviews (n 15). Workstream 3 is twofold: Part i surveys the nurse and midwifery staff (n = 450) awareness/access/understanding of the PNA/PMA role. Part ii includes two focus groups (n = 20) to detail the experiences of those who have actively consulted with a PNA/PMA, the other for those who have not yet consulted with PNA/PMA. Workstream 4 collates collected evidence to co-design, with PNAs/PMAs, nurses and midwives, recommendations for local policy, practice, and the implementation of the PNA/PMA role across the organisation.
Discussion:
The integrated findings will inform the future organisational implementation of the PMA/ PNA role, strategies to develop the PNA/PMA role in relation to QiP, staff wellbeing, retention and sustainable approaches for increasing the number of PNA/PMA’s. The evidence will inform local and national implementation policy across diverse NHS services and future development of the professional advocacy role for allied health professionals.
Trial registration
NA
Improvement in functional motor scores in patients with non-ambulatory spinal muscle atrophy during Nusinersen treatment in South Korea: A Single center study
Authors: Yoon Jin A , Jeong Yuju , Lee Jiae , Lee Dong Jun , Lee Kyung Nam , Shin Yong Beom
Published: December 2023

We analyzed the changes in various motor function and fatigue scores over a four-year period in patients with non-ambulatory spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) during Nusinersen treatment. Patients underwent Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) or Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) before treatment, and approximately every 4 months thereafter. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) or Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia – Adult Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP ATEND), Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), and Motor Function MeasureMFM) were performed based on baseline functional status. Narrative interviews were conducted to explore post-treatment physical improvement regarding activities of daily living (ADLs) and fatigue after ADLs. Based on HFMSE results, 9 patients achieved minimum clinically important differences. Average rates of change (slopes) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for all assessment tools were in a positive direction. CHOP-INTEND showed the most prominent improvement in children and adolescents followed by HFMSE. Improvements in CHOP-ATEND were most noticeable in adults. Improvement were accompanied by changes in ADLs as observed in the narrative interviews. It is necessary to consider various functional aspects to determine the effectiveness of Nusinersen therapy. The objective assessment of the therapeutic effect of Nusinersen in non-ambulatory SMA requires consideration of functional aspects and the related ADLs.
A rare case of intragastric Metastasis After Liver Transplantation for Liver Cancer
Authors: Li Hao , Shi BaoJie , Zhong JianFa , Wang GuiMei , Wang Jie , An WenBin , Qian Yunyun , Su ZhaoJie , Peng ZhiHai
Published: December 2023

A 13-year-old boy was admitted to Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University due to HBV-related liver cancer. Intrahepatic metastasis was considered to occur by CT scan. A gastroscope revealed esophagogastric variceal bleeding, and later, the patient underwent a successful liver transplantation. Fourteen months posttransplant, chest CT indicated lung metastasis, and the patient underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer. Twenty-one months posttransplant, gastroscopy revealed a gastric fundus tumor growing into the gastric cavity. Proximal gastrectomy was performed, and pathology indicated moderately to poorly differentiated carcinoma without invasion of serosa, suggesting the first study to report HCC metastasis to the stomach lumen without invasion of serosa after LT. Currently, the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level of the patient has dropped below normal.
New Protein Variants Resulting from RNA Editing May Lead to Proteotoxic Stress
Authors: Ben-Aroya Shay , Avram-Shperling Adi , Ben-David Amit , Eidelman Michelle , Kopel Eli , Gabay Orshay , Kadoch Galit David , Rosenthal Joshua , Levanon Erez , Eisenberg Eli
Published: December 2023

Maintaining protein homeostasis is critical for cellular function, as disruptions can result in accumulation of misfolded proteins associated with various diseases. RNA editing, particularly deamination by base-editing enzymes like ADAR, can modify the transcriptome, potentially influencing amino acid sequences and protein diversity. We hypothesize that irregular RNA editing, leading to a more complex proteome, may generate defective proteins, triggering cellular toxicity. Using an editing-naïve yeast system expressing a robust ADAR enzyme, we demonstrated that extensive RNA editing results in non-synonymous protein changes, correlated with increased protein ubiquitination and reliance on quality control pathways. This suggests that extensive editing in yeast produces abnormal proteins prone to misfolding and degradation. While mouse and human genomes are well-adapted to the ADAR enzymes, introduction of base editors into human cells is found to increase activity in proteotoxic-stress-related pathways due to off-target editing. Signs of proteotoxic stress are also observed in human samples exhibiting elevated activity of endogenous ADARs. These findings emphasize the detrimental impact of dysregulated RNA editing on protein balance and suggest a potential role for aberrant editing in disease onset and progression.
Effects of Biochar Amended Composts on Selected Enzyme Activities in Soils
Authors: Zaid Faraj , Al-Awwal Nasruddeen , Yang John , Anderson Stephen H.
Published: December 2023

An understanding of how agricultural practices affect soil quality is critical for farmers to make better management decisions and produce food efficiently and sustainably. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the importance of biochar amendments on soil enzyme activities. The study examined biochar's effects on soil enzyme activities such as β-glucosidase, acid- and alkaline-phosphatase, arylsulfatase, dehydrogenases, arylamidase, cellulase, and urease. Six treatments (compost, biochar, compost + biochar, biochar + compost tea, fescue, and control) were established and the soil samples were collected three years post treatments. Results showed that soil pH, organic matter, and CEC were critical factors associated with soil enzyme activities. Compost and biochar amendment significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities, and the amount of nitrogen applied significantly affected enzyme activity. The study demonstrated that the compost and biochar treatment would improve soil physiochemical and biological properties, hence, enhancing soil health.
Neolithic humans and dogs - transient reservoirs for Yersinia pestis
Authors: Krause-Kyora Ben , Susat Julian , Haller-Caskie Magdalena , Bonczarowska Joanna , Silva Nicolas Antonio da , Schierhold Kerstin , Rind Michael , Schmölcke Ulrich , Kirleis Wiebke , Rinne Christoph , Müller Johannes , Nebel Almut
Published: December 2023

Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) has been infecting humans since the Late Neolithic (LN). Whether those early infections were isolated zoonoses or initiators of a prehistoric Eurasia-wide pandemic remains unclear. We report the results of a pathogen screening on 133 LN human remains from the necropolis at Warburg (Germany, 5300 − 4900 cal BP). We identify two new Y. pestis genomes from two individuals buried in different gallery graves. Our analyses show that the two Warburg genomes belong to distinct strains and reflect independent infection events. All LN Y. pestis genomes known today (n = 4) are basal in the phylogeny and represent separate lineages that probably originated in different animal hosts. The LN in northwestern Europe is characterized by an opening of the landscape. This change coincided with the use of more dogs, which might have increased the probability of Y. pestis transmission from rodents/birds to humans. To test this hypothesis, we screen publicly available ancient DNA datasets from canines. We confirm the presence of Y. pestis in an LN dog, supporting the scenario of zoonoses. We show that dogs acted as a transient reservoir and may therefore have been a possible Y. pestis vector in the Neolithic.
Investigation of the biomechanical properties of the aorta in diabetic glycaemic variability rats
Authors: Gao Juan , Zhou Xiujuan , Xu Guiping , Zhou Lei , Xie Chunguang , Xie Hongyan
Published: December 2023

Despite substantial advancements in comprehending the mechanisms underlying arterial vascular damage induced by diabetes, the vascular biomechanical properties influenced by glycemic variability during these processes remain largely elusive. Spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus Go-to-Kakizaki (GK) rats were subjected to an eight-week high-fat diet, while glucose and insulin injections were administered at staggered peaks to simulate the glycemic variability model of diabetes. The mechanical properties of the abdominal aortas were evaluated through uniaxial mechanical tensile tests. Subsequently, metabolism-related indicators including fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), serum biochemical parameters, glucose tolerance test (GTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were assessed to evaluate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Finally, histological analysis was conducted to assess aortic and renal injury. Diabetic glycemic variability impaired the mechanical properties of blood vessels by exhibiting brittle failure characteristics through decreased tensile strength and attenuated tensile modulus of the aorta. Additionally, diabetic glycemic variability significantly increased susceptibility to develop hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorders in GK rats fed a high-fat diet. Abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose directly led to specific changes in renal microvessels before major arterial complications occurred.
Synergistic Action of Vitamin D3 and A Protects Motor Activity by Regulating Reactive Astrocytes, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Dopaminergic Activity in the Corticobasal Loop of a Mice Model of Extrapyramidal Syndrome
Authors: Sirajo Mujittapha U. , Maigari Yahya K. , Sunusi Abdulrashid , Jibril Adam N , Lawal Isa Usman , Ibrahim Badamasi M.
Published: December 2023

Background: Extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) represent neurological side effects of antipsychotic medications, characterized by motor disturbances. While previous studies have indicated the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D and A against EPS, the underlying mechanisms of this protection remain unclear.Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice were categorized into four groups: positive and negative control groups, one receiving a dopamine antagonist, and the other receiving both a dopamine antagonist and vitamins D and A. Sections of the corticobasal loop, specifically the motor cortex (M1) and basal nuclei (CPu), were prepared for Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and stained with Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) to visualize active astrocytes. ELISA assays for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-13, and dopamine levels were performed on homogenized brain sections.Results: The EPS group exhibited a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels in M1 and CPu. Treatment with dopamine agonists and vitamin D/A resulted in significant reductions in IL-6 levels. Only the Vitamin D/A group showed a significant decline in TNF-α. The EPS group recorded significant decreases in IL-4 and IL-13, with IL-13 significantly elevated in the dopamine agonist and Vitamin D/A groups. IL-4 was notably increased in the Vitamin D/A groups. Dopamine concentration significantly declined in the EPS group, with improvements observed in the groups treated with dopamine agonists, vitamin D, and A. Reactive astrocytes were significantly expressed in the M1 and CPu of the EPS group but poorly expressed in other regions.Conclusions: EPS is linked to astrocyte activation, an upsurge in pro-inflammatory cytokines, a decline in anti-inflammatory cytokines, and dopamine in the corticobasal loop. Administration of vitamin D3 and A was found to exert its effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and repressing anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with astrocyte activation.