bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre diversidade profunda e patriotismo constitucional: o diálogo entre Habermas e Taylor
Authors: Bunchaft Maria Eugenia
Published: July 2017

Na discussão sobre o multiculturalismo, teóricos políticos criticam a concepção liberal de cidadania. Nesse sentido, destaca-se a perspectiva teórica de Charles Taylor, que desenvolveu uma política da diferença capaz de atender às pretensões de grupos historicamente discriminados. Jürgen Habermas, por sua vez, foi um dos mais brilhantes filósofos da segunda geração da Escola de Frankfurt, delineou uma perspectiva procedimentalista acerca da filosofia política do reconhecimento que se contrapõe de forma marcante à perspectiva filosófica desenvolvida por Charles Taylor, tendo em vista o seu modelo de selfpós-convencional. Esse artigo procura esclarecer o debate por meio da contraposição teórica entre a idéia de diversidade profunda delineada por Taylor e a concepção de patriotismo constitucional desenvolvida por Jürgen Habermas. Defendo a tese segundo a qual o modelo de patriotismo constitucional constitui um modelo sofisticado de integração da diferença capaz de atender aos desafios de sociedades multiculturais.
A Renovação do Direito Agrário e os Quilombos: Identidade, Território e Direitos Culturais
Authors: Augusto Baldi César
Published: July 2017

A discussão envolvendo quilombolas e comunidades tradicionais vêm sendo incorporada, aos poucos, no âmbito da disciplina de Direito Agrário. Trata-se de analisar a emergência de temas e questões que foram silenciados, negligenciados ou tidos como existentes. Para tanto, em interseccção com a antropologia jurídica, o direito internacional de direitos humanos e o direito da antidiscriminação, procura-se verificar os caminhos de investigação que tais comunidades permitem renovar o estudo do Direito Agrário.
O RECONHECIMENTO CONSTITUCIONAL DAS AUTONOMIAS INDÍGENAS NA AMÉRICA LATINA E OS DESAFIOS PARA A ORGANIZAÇÃO POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Barbosa Contente Nogueira Caroline , Antônio de Carvalho Dantas Fernando
Published: July 2017

O Reconhecimento Constitucional.
A AQUISIÇÃO DE TERRAS BRASILEIRAS POR ESTRANGEIROS PARA AS PRÁTICAS DA ECOLOGIA DE LIVRE MERCADO
Authors: Tayer Neto Pedro Felippe , Gonçalves Neto João da Cruz , Derani Cristiane
Published: July 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como as práticas da ecologia de livre mercado seriam estimuladas pela mitigação das restrições impostas pela Lei 5.709/71 à aquisição de terras brasileiras por estrangeiros. Pretende-se também expor as consequências negativas de cunho ecológico, econômico e social destas práticas, como a inviabilização da reforma agrária, a formação de grandes latifúndios improdutivos e a intensificação de um mercado de compra e venda de direitos de poluir e desmatar.
DIA INTERNACIONAL DA MULHER NO CAMPO BRASILEIRO: NOVAS FORMAS DE PROTESTO POLÍTICO E DE RESISTÊNCIA
Authors: Schwendler Sônia Fátima
Published: July 2017

Este artigo analisa as novas formas de protesto político e de resistência realizadas por mulheres camponesas brasileiras durante a celebração do Dia Internacional da Mulher. Desde 2006, as mulheres brasileiras da Via Campesina (movimento internacional de organizações camponesas) têm realizado ações radicais, a fim de reivindicar o dia 8 de março como o dia internacional de luta das mulheres trabalhadoras e questionar o modelo político, cultural e econômico de desenvolvimento. Seus esforços para quebrar o silêncio referente ao impacto social e ambiental da expansão do chamado “deserto verde”, criado pela monocultura do eucalipto das grandes indústrias de papel do Brasil fornecem um caso notável de agência subversiva das mulheres. Baseado no documentário Rompendo o Silêncio, produzido pela Via Campesina para registrar a ação feita por 2.000 mulheres no Dia Internacional da Mulher em 2006, bem como entrevistas com as mulheres das organizações que contribuíram para o evento, este estudo argumenta que a ação radical das mulheres camponesas fornece novas percepções para a análise do feminismo na América Latina e no mundo. Há também a demonstração de que através das ações radicais e coletivas que desafiam as tradicionais formas de participação e os papéis de gênero, as mulheres camponesas tornaram-se uma das principais forças dentro do atual movimento camponês que reivindica o desenvolvimento de uma agricultura agroecológica e sustentável no Brasil.
LA IGUALDAD Y SU CARÁCTER TRIFONTE: ¿PRINCIPIO, VALOR, DERECHO? FORMAS DE VULNERACIÓN
Authors: Velázquez Borges Sudis Maria
Published: July 2017

Hoy es un hecho que parte importante de los juicios de justicia que realiza el ciudadano común se fundamentan, en mayor o en menor grado, en la idea de la igualdad; transformándose con ello en una herramienta evaluativa general. Al constituir uno de los parámetros fundamentales del pensamiento social, jurídico y político la igualdad intenta encontrar una justificación como derecho, principio y valor a proteger. Sobre la base de realizar un sucinto recuento de algunas de las posiciones teóricos-doctrinales acerca del valor trifonte de la cual está investida esta categoría, se pretende, dejar manifiesto las diferentes dimensiones a las cuales se expande dicha concepción , así como  las diversas formas en que puede ser  quebrantada la igualdad no solo en el ámbito formal sino el material.
PONTES DE ESPERANÇA: UMA ALTERNATIVA À GUERRA GEO-ESTRATÉGICA/EXTRATIVA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Uribe Sergio Elías
Published: July 2017

Revendo a discussão sobre a geopolítica e a guerra geoestratégica, contida no debate sobre a construção de “tecidos de resistência, Pueblos en Camino” (2005), ideia sobre a qual participaram Manuel Rozental, Raúl Zibech, Héctor Mondragón, Hugo Blanco, entre outros, muitas inquietudes e reflexões vieram a minha mente e inspiraram este artigo. Antes de mais nada, foi necessário reconhecer que está em curso uma ofensiva geo-estratégica do capital global contra os povos e comunidades tradicionais, que demanda repensar não só o emaranhado do sistema-mundo-capitalista/colonial e o papel do movimentos sociais, mas também, pensar e repensar o nosso papel como “sujeito pesquisador” dentro da dialética que se apresenta nesse contexto. É necessário pensar onde nos localizamos e como estamos abordando essa realidade nos espaços acadêmicos. É a respeito destes dilemas que trata o presente texto.
ENTRE CONSCIÊNCIA INDIVIDUAL E AUTORIDADE ESTATAL: BREVES REFLEXÕES SOBRE A DESOBEDIÊNCIA CIVIL NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Soares de Moura Costa Matos Andityas , Karine de Sá Souza Joyce
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo pretende demonstrar que a desobediência civil é um direito fundamental. Para tanto, discute-se a evolução do Estado e dos direitos fundamentais, passando pelas fases do Estado liberal, Estado Social e Estado Democrático de Direito. Em seguida, apresenta-se a uma breve análise histórica da ideia de desobediência civil, para ao final se discutir as características próprias desse instituto, que o diferenciam das demais formas de resistência à opressão. Por fim, são apresentadas normas de ordens jurídicas estrangeiras que fundamentam a tese desenvolvida neste artigo, as quais se baseiam nas formulações teóricas de Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Santo Tomás de Aquino, Marquês de Sade e Henry David Thoreau, entre outros autores.
O DIREITO E A INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: OS (NOVOS) DESAFIOS DO EMPREGO DAS NANOTECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Rodrigues Augusto Zimmer , Engelmann Wilson
Published: July 2017

A partir do advento das nanotecnologias a aplicação do conceito de inovação passa a ter uma importância significativa. Escolheu-se, para isso, a obra de Henry Etzkowitz, intitulada Hélice Tríplice: Universidade-Indústria-Governo, afim de averiguar a suficiência da proposta do autor. Outrossim, se verifica a necessidade de uma inovação no Direito, ou seja, um processo no interior da estrutura normativa diante dos novos desafios das tecnologias em escala nano, vez que essas transformações ocorrem de maneira muito rápida e com uma mínima participação das Ciências Humanas, incluindo o Direito. A partir do advento das nanotecnologias a aplicação do conceito de inovação passa a ter uma importância significativa. Escolheu-se, para isso, a obra de Henry Etzkowitz, intitulada Hélice Tríplice: Universidade-Indústria-Governo, afim de averiguar a suficiência da proposta do autor. Outrossim, se verifica a necessidade de uma inovação no Direito, ou seja, um processo no interior da estrutura normativa diante dos novos desafios das tecnologias em escala nano, vez que essas transformações ocorrem de maneira muito rápida e com uma mínima participação das Ciências Humanas, incluindo o Direito.
O PAPEL DA CERTIFICAÇÃO NA PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL REALIZADA PELA ATIVIDADE AGRÁRIA
Authors: Costa de Aguiar Carolina , Trentini Flavia
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: O presente trabalho busca demonstrar como a certificação da atividade agrária contribui para a implementação dos princípios ambientais e concretização da defesa do meio ambiente, fomentando as ações privadas convergentes com o interesse social de proteção ecológica. A partir disso, são elaboradas propostas de políticas públicas de incentivo à certificação, decorrentes da função do Estado de direcionar e promover a concretização da proteção ambiental, reconhecendo-se os benefícios sociais produzidos a partir da conduta privada e proporcionando ao agente condições para que continue a ser praticada. Dessa forma, espera-se que, uma vez implementada com eficientes regulamentações estatais e incentivos que levem à adoção pelos agentes econômicos, a certificação proverá maiores ganhos ambientais, a partir da maior concretização da proteção ambiental; menores custos para o Estado com fiscalização, processamento e sanção; e, a partir desses dois fatores, também menores custos sociais; além de promover a prática de uma atividade agrária que se coaduna com o ideal de um desenvolvimento sustentável.
A VIDA SACRA E O PURO-NÃO: ENTRE HISTÓRIA E SUBJETIVIDADE
Authors: Pazello Ricardo Prestes
Published: July 2017

Tomando como ponto de partida a estética do puro-não, decorrente da interpretação do poema de Oliverio Girondo, o presente ensaio busca compreender as formas de negação da vida como estratégia política e como relação ética. Dialogando com a genealogia do estado de exceção, de Marx a Agamben, constrói-se uma reflexão filosófica acerca da vida sacra que, no contexto brasileiro, pode ser visualizada nos casos de criminalização de movimentos sociais. O caso aqui estudado é o do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra e a ação judicial que propôs sua dissolução. A possibilidade da vida surge do próprio puro-não, na medida em que este se diferencia do nada, e permite a ascensão de subjetividades coletivas contra-hegemônicas.
LA LIBERTAD DE ESCOGER DESDE LAS REDES SOCIALES: REFLEXIONES DESDE LA REALIDAD PARAGUAYA
Authors: Ozuna González Noelia Bernadett , Rivas Ayala Cecilio Arnaldo
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo visa realizar un breve relato de la evolución de la manifestación del consentimiento del individuo para la formación y transformación de la sociedad civil a través de los medios tecnológicos disponibles. Para ello, se toma por base la teoría de la formación de la sociedad civil defendida por John Locke y a partir de ella se describe, en la sociedad moderna, los medios que permiten que la misma siga transformándose por la voluntad ciudadana, la que encontrando afines y que mediante la formación de redes lograr ingresar a la agenda pública.  Del mismo modo se presentan reflexiones, acerca de la realidad paraguaya en el contexto del uso de internet, otorgando énfasis a la utilización de las redes sociales como herramienta de los usuarios para la convocación de manifestaciones.
Teachers Perspectives’ in Curbing and Mitigating Bullying in their Work Place: A Case study
Authors: Onnekikami Eluojor A. , Taiwo Moses , Esmail Ashraf , Vincent Agboto
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the insights of 10 middle school teachers on how to curb incidents of bullying in their work place. In addition, a focus group consisting of four teachers honed in on their perspectives on how to intervene and prevent student-to-student incidents of bullying and cyber bullying in one middle school in Western United States. The study’s research questions explored teachers’ perspectives in witnessing bullying and cyber bullying in their classrooms and the strategies they utilized to identify and effectively intervene to prevent these harassing behaviors. The theoretical framework of social cognitive theory supported this exploratory qualitative case study. The theory demonstrated how students learn and derive meaning from their culture and environment. Data was collected from 10 purposely-selected participants and four purposely selected members of a focus group through personal interviews and collection of documents. Data analysis was achieved by coding, categorizing and the development of themes or patterns. Thematic analysis revealed that teachers and parents played an imperative role in intervention and prevention of bullying and cyber bullying. Inflicting physical harm, name-calling, teasing, and cyber bullying were identified as the common types of bullying in the middle school. Given all the reported negative outcomes associated with bullying and cyber bullying, very serious attention is called for, from teachers and all stakeholders, for intervention and prevention of these harassing behaviors.
Street Queens: New Orleans Brass Bands and the Problem of Intersectionality
Authors: DeCoste Kyle
Published: July 2017

The members of the all-female Original Pinettes Brass Band contest the male domination of the New Orleans brass band scene. Playing music on male-gendered instruments, they queer the normative relationship between instruments and musicians and carve out a space for female musicianship. This essay deconstructs their songs and performance decisions as agential and subjective sites of black feminist thought put into action to subvert the brass band patriarchy. The Pinettes force us to view the New Orleans brass band scene as an intersectional site where gender is a central element in the construction and consolidation of power relationships.
Art of the Self: The Ethics of Balinese Pepaosan Performance
Authors: Reisnour Nicole
Published: July 2017

The art of pepaosan, an Indonesian tradition of singing and interpreting religious texts, is widely represented as a Hindu form of ethical self-cultivation focused on the pursuit of divine guidance. However, while state programs to develop this art form promote an understanding of virtue that foregrounds interiority and personal responsibility, many pepaosan practitioners pursue a relational form of virtue—at once material and immaterial, aesthetic and ethical—that is the product of both human and divine agency. Through analysis of the ethical dimensions of pepaosan, this article considers how music may be implicated in the sociohistorical processes by which shared conceptions of self are constructed, circulated, sustained, and transformed.
“Almost Folklore”: The Legend That Killed Nella Larsen’s Literary Career
Authors: Hathaway Rosemary V.
Published: July 2017

Harlem Renaissance writer Nella Larsen’s final publication, a short story titled “Sanctuary,” was alleged to have been plagiarized from a white British writer, Sheila Kaye-Smith. Larsen, however, claimed it was based on an oral narrative she heard years before. Critics have largely resisted accepting Larsen’s explanation of the story’s origins, believing her to have committed plagiarism. Starting with the opposite premise—that the story does have a folkloric source—may exonerate her from plagiarism charges.
Proverbs in the Academy: A Folklore Studies Activity for the Writing Classroom
Authors: Barajas Elías Domínguez
Published: July 2017

A primary research activity involving proverbs is detailed and recommended for use in writing classrooms to promote higher-order thinking and analytical skills closely tied to effective academic writing. It is argued that the interrogation of proverbs cultivates among less-experienced writers some analytical and linguistic skills that correspond with academic writing demands. It is also argued that the examination of such popular forms of expression further allows such writers to experience the convergence of their vernacular and academic discourses. The directed examination of popularized linguistic expressions is further postulated as having the added benefit of impressing upon less-experienced writers that language—far from being a uniform, reliable, and static means of communication—is actually an evolving system of signification that to various degrees reveals meaning to be contextually bound and socially relative.
Mast cell activation disorder masquerading as a nervous breakdown
Authors: Nguyen Anh P. , Teuber Suzanne S.
Published: July 2017

While mast cells have been implicated in human disease since the early 1900s, mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) was only recently discovered and recognized as a disorder caused by aberrant release of mast cell mediator enzymes. These mediators trigger a wide variety of symptoms ranging from headache, pruritis and gastrointestinal discomfort to life-threatening anaphylaxis. MCAS is frequently unrecognized and misdiagnosed because symptoms associated with MCAS are often present in other medical conditions and are highly variable among patients. We describe a case of a 62-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with three days of recurrent flushing, diarrhea, mild edema of his hands bilaterally, and severe emotional lability with recurrent crying. In the ED, he was misdiagnosed with severe anxiety and directly sent to a mental health clinic for assistance. However, he was previously seen in allergy clinic for suspected MCAS. Fortuitously standing labs including plasma histamine, tryptase, and urine studies that were ordered in allergy clinic were drawn concurrently with the initial ED workup. He was found to have elevated histamine level during his ED episode and treatment for MCAS was initiated. In subsequent visits, his symptoms, except for episodes of “brain fog” and emotional lability, improved significantly on a combination of antihistamines, oral cromolyn sodium, and montelukast. Additionally every other day prednisone has substantially cleared the neurocognitive symptoms. This case highlights the difficulty of MCAS diagnosis and the importance of assessing for MCAS, especially in patients who have multisystem complaints.
Analysis of SERVQUAL Application to Service Quality Measurement and Its Impact on Loyalty in Ghanaian Private Universities
Authors: Banahene Stephen , Ahudey Eric , Asamoah Abigail
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research is to use an adapted SERVQUAL method to measure service quality in Ghanaian Private Universities. The study use graphical technique for data presentation.The methodological approach follows the traditional SERVQUAL method of service quality perception and expectation as well as the difference scores determination. This approach is intended to improve SERVQUAL method analysis to achieve quality decision making based on graphical view of different relationships among the concepts used in the method. The study is on 321 students’ perception and expectations of five different Private Universities in Ghana.The study finds that students’ perception on Private Universities’ performance predict their loyalty better than the expectations. Managerial action can be better taken on service quality variables when the difference scores are used as percentage on perception. However, different service quality measurement methods such as SERVPERF and HEdPERF should be used and compared the results with this modified SERVQUAL method in Ghanaian Private Universities.This research finding has the strength to equip marketing professionals and researchers to increase SERVQUAL method adoption among different academic institutions.The value in this study is found in highlighting the importance of difference scores and the graphical demonstration of relationships among service quality perception and expectation as well as loyalty constructs in Ghanaian Private Universities.
Brief Overview of Sweet Sorghum Irradiated by Carbon Ion Beam
Authors: Dong Xicun , Li Wenjian , Liu Ruiyuan , Gu Wenting
Published: July 2017

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a C4 plant characterized by a high photosynthetic efficiency and a high biomass- and sugar- yielding crop. However, the current varieties of sweet sorghum cannot meet the rapid growth demand for bio-ethanol production because of its low sugar content in China. To breed novel varieties to provide excellent raw materials for bio-ethanol production, the dry seeds were irradiated by carbon ion beam irradiation with different doses in sweet sorghum, resulting in acquiring an early-maturity mutant at 80 Gy dose, which the growth period was stably shortened for around 20 days compared to wild-type plant. In this paper, we briefly summarized the biological effects induced by carbon ion beam, the characters of early-maturity mutant, and revealed corresponding mechanisms from the point of view of morphological, physiological and molecular levels. In conclusion, there were significant effects on sweet sorghum irradiated by carbon ion beam.
Empowerment w kontekście współczesnych koncepcji zarządzania oraz partycypacji pracowniczej
Authors: Cierniak-Emerych Anna , Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna
Published: July 2017

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badaw‐ cze: „Jak jest postrzegany empowerment w kontekście przejawów tzw. współczesnych koncepcji zarządzania?” oraz „Jakie są relacje między empowermentem a partycypacją pracowniczą?”. Proces badawczy oparto na studiach literaturowych połączonych z reflek‐ sją naukową. Dokonano interpretacji i krytycznej oceny dotychczasowego dorobku poświęconego analizowanej tematyce. Podjęto próbę usystematyzowania wiedzy na temat empowermentu na tle wybranych współczesnych koncepcji zarządzania oraz partycypacji pracowniczej, a ponadto sformułowano problem dla dalszych badań naukowych.
Motywacja osiągnięć jako podmiotowe uwarunkowanie wdrożenia koncepcji empowerment w organizacjach
Authors: Oleksa Karolina , Springer Agnieszka
Published: July 2017

Empowerment można rozpatrywać we dwóch współzależnych wymiarach: psychologicznym i  środowiskowym. Wymiar psychologiczny odnosi się do motywacji pracownika, kształtowanej m.in. przez własną ocenę poziomu kompetencji, natomiast wymiar środowiskowy to warunki organizacyjne. Do badania motywacji pracownika wykorzystano czteroczynnikowy model celów związanych z osiągnięciami A.J. Elliota i H.A. McGregora, wyróż­ niający cztery rodzaje motywacji osiągnięć: mistrzostwo–dążenie, mistrzostwo–unikanie, wykazanie się–dążenie, wykazanie się–unikanie. Badano również samoocenę trzech skupisk kompetencji oraz charakter wykonywanej pracy. Z  badania (N  =  309) wynika, że pracownicy wysoko oceniający własne kompetencje wykazują najczęściej motywację mistrzowską–dążeniową, a pracownicy niżej oceniający swoje kompetencje, dodatkowo nie mający swobody w podejmowaniu decyzji, przejawiają motywację wykazanie się–unikanie
Rodzinność i przewaga konkurencyjna – kontekst polskich przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Bratnicka-Myśliwiec Katarzyna , Ingram Tomasz
Published: July 2017

Pomimo rosnącego znaczenia rodzinności w  przedsiębiorstwach rodzinnych, niewiele jeszcze wiadomo na temat jej wpływu na ich efektywność. Wykorzystując teorię funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych i zarządzania strategicznego, w niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę zidentyfikowania wymiarów rodzinności oraz omówiono wpływ każdego z nich na przewagę konkurencyjną przedsiębiorstwa. Na podstawie danych ze 149 polskich przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych empirycznie potwierdzono bezpośredni wpływ rodzinności na efektywność organizacyjną, mierzoną jako przewagę konkurencyjną. Znaleziono również dowody dla wielowymiarowości konstruktu „rodzinność”, który składa się z pięciu wymiarów. Przeprowadzone badania przyczyniają się do poszerzenia wiedzy w obszarze zarządzania strategicznego poprzez ukazanie, w jaki sposób specyficzny zbiór wymiarów rodzinności wpływa na efektywność przedsiębiorstwa rodzinnego.
Holokracje – empowerment w organizacji?
Authors: Biłyk Anna
Published: July 2017

W niniejszym artykule zostały przedstawione model zarządzania i struktura organizacji w kontekście dostosowywania się do zmieniających się warunków otoczenia biznesowego. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzenia na pytanie, czy istnienie płaskiej, dynamicznie zmieniającej się struktury organizacyjnej, w  której władza jest rozproszona wśród wszystkich pra‑ cowników, świadczy o istnieniu empowermentu. Celem artykułu było także przyjrzenie się holokracjom, a więc motywom, dla których firmy rezygnują z tradycyjnej struktury hierarchicznej, oraz próba odpowiedzenia na pytanie, czy rozwiązania strukturalne dają podstawy do zaistnienia empowermentu na poziomie psychologicznym. Przedstawiono także genezę empowermentu jako koncepcji w  naukach o  zarządzaniu oraz próbę wyjaśnienia wątpliwości terminologicznych. Przeprowadzone rozważania prowadzą do wniosku, że w przypadku holokracji można mówić o zarządzaniu partycypacyjnym, a nie o empowermencie.
Sexting and risky sexual behaviours among undergraduate students in Botswana: An exploratory study
Authors: Makgale Obakeng L. , Plattner Ilse Elisabeth
Published: July 2017

Little is known about sexting behaviours among young people living in African countries. This exploratory study investigated sexting behaviours among undergraduate students in Botswana (N = 309, 64.5% female; mean age = 20.3 years). Most participants (84.8%) had received sexts and many (61.8%) had sent sexts at least once in their lifetime. Reasons for sending sexts were to flirt (42.9%), to have fun (24.6%), and/or to initiate sexual activity (17.8%). Only 36.7% of the participants were worried about their sexts being forwarded to others, and 30.2% had forwarded sexts to others. Being sexually active (OR = 4.52), drinking alcohol (OR = 2.52), and having a mother with tertiary level education (OR = 0.40) emerged as significant predictors of sending sexts. Among participants who had sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime (N = 164), an increase in the frequency of sexting was associated with an increase in the number of sexual partners and with sex under the influence of alcohol and drugs. However, sexting behaviours were not associated with unprotected sex. The results are compared with findings from Western countries and discussed with regard to public health care and safe sex education in Botswana.
The impact of cyber dating abuse on self-esteem: The mediating role of emotional distress
Authors: Hancock Kaitlin , Keast Haley , Ellis Wendy
Published: July 2017

This study examined how emotional distress mediated the relationship between cyber dating abuse and self-esteem. Participants were 155 undergraduate students (105 females; 50 males) ranging from 17 to 25 years old (M = 19.38, SD = 1.65) with dating experience and a minimum relationship duration of 3 months. Self-report assessments of cyber dating abuse, self-esteem, and emotional distress from the relationship were completed. Mediation analysis using multiple regressions revealed a full mediation model. Cyber dating abuse predicted lowered self-esteem and greater emotional distress. However, when emotional distress was entered as a predictor of self-esteem, cyber dating abuse became non-significant, indicating full mediation. Early-onset of dating was also a risk factor for cyber dating abuse and emotional distress. Few gender differences were evident. These findings add to the growing body of evidence on the negative effects of cyber dating abuse and suggest that distressing emotional reactions may underlie the deleterious consequences of this form of abuse.
Two Case Reports of Resectable Cancer in the Remnant Pancreas after Pancreatectomy for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Iwakura Shinji , Shirai Yasutsugu , Maeda Tsunehiro , Tominaga Toshiji , Nakase Takayuki , Tanishima Hiroyuki , Tanaka Satoru , Kimura Masamichi , Tatsubayashi Taichi , Ikari Ayana , Hoshida Yoshihiko , Horiuchi Tetsuya
Published: July 2017

Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor prognosis. There are several reports on resectable cancer in the remnant pancreas after pancreatectomy; however, few have compared K-ras mutation patterns to clarify recurrent or second primary cancers. Here, we report on 2 cases of cancer in the remnant pancreas after total pancreatectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma. Case 1 is a 56-year-old man who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer of the pancreatic head. However, serum carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) was again elevated 23 months later. A tumor in the pancreatic tail was detected on abdominal computed tomography (CT), and total pancreatectomy was performed. Histologic examination of the tumors from both operations revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the surgical margins of both resected specimens were free of cancerous cells. The K-ras gene mutation was detected at codon 12V of exon 1 in both cancers. Case 2 is a 72-year-old woman who underwent distal pancreatectomy for cancer of the pancreatic body. However, serum CA19-9 was again elevated 4 years postoperatively. A tumor of the pancreatic head was detected on abdominal CT, and total pancreatectomy was performed. Histologic examination of the first and second tumors revealed poorly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, respectively. The surgical margins of both resected specimens were free of cancerous cells. The K-ras gene mutation was detected at codon 12D of exon 1 in both cancers. These patients with rare pancreatic cancers both had metachronous carcinogenesis in the remnant pancreas.
Observation of oxygen ventilation into deep waters through targeted deployment of multiple Argo‐O2 floats in the north‐western Mediterranean Sea in 2013
Authors: Coppola L. , Prieur L. , Taupier‐Letage I. , Estournel C. , Testor P. , Lefevre D. , Belamari S. , LeReste S. , Taillandier V.
Published: July 2017

During the winter 2013, an intense observation and monitoring was performed in the north‐western Mediterranean Sea to study deep water formation process that drives thermohaline circulation and biogeochemical processes (HYMEX SOP2 and DEWEX projects). To observe intensively and continuously the impact of deep convection on oxygen (O2) ventilation, an observation strategy was based on the enhancement of the Argo‐O2 floats to monitor the offshore dense water formation area (DWF) in the Gulf of Lion prior to and at the end of the convective period (December 2012 to April 2013). The intense O2 measurements performed through shipborne CTD casts and Argo‐O2 floats deployment revealed an O2 inventory rapidly impacted by mixed layer (ML) deepening on the month scale. The open‐sea convection in winter 2013 ventilated the deep waters from mid‐February to the end of May 2013. The newly ventilated dense water volume, based on an Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) threshold, was estimated to be about 1.5 × 1013 m3 during the DWF episode, increasing the deep O2 concentrations from 196 to 205 µmol kg−1 in the north‐western basin.
A precipiton method to calculate river hydrodynamics, with applications to flood prediction, landscape evolution models, and braiding instabilities
Authors: Davy Philippe , Croissant Thomas , Lague Dimitri
Published: July 2017

The “precipiton” method is a particle‐based approach that consists of routing elementary water volumes on top of topography with erosive and depositional actions. Here we present an original way to calculate both river depth and velocity from a method that remains embedded in the precipiton framework. The method solves the governing equations for water depth, where the water depth is increased by a constant quantity at each precipiton passage and decreased by a value based on a flow resistance equation. The precipitons are then routed downstream on top of the resulting water surface. The method is applicable even if the precipitons are routed one by one (i.e., independent of each other), which makes it simple to implement and computationally fast. Compared to grid‐based methods, this particle method is not subject to the classic drying‐wetting issue, and allows for a straightforward implementation of sediment transfer functions between the river bed and running water. We have applied the method to different cases (channel flow, flow over topographic barriers, and flood prediction on high‐resolution lidar topography). In all cases, the method is capable of solving the shallow water equations, neglecting inertia. When coupled with erosion and sediment transport equations, the model is able to reproduce both straight and braided patterns with geometries independent of grid size. Application of the model in the context of multithread rivers gives new insight into the development of braiding instability.
Insights into mountain precipitation and snowpack from a basin‐scale wireless‐sensor network
Authors: Zhang Z. , Glaser S. , Bales R. , Conklin M. , Rice R. , Marks D.
Published: July 2017

A spatially distributed wireless‐sensor network, installed across the 2154 km2 portion of the 5311 km2 American River basin above 1500 m elevation, provided spatial measurements of temperature, relative humidity, and snow depth in the Sierra Nevada, California. The network consisted of 10 sensor clusters, each with 10 measurement nodes, distributed to capture the variability in topography and vegetation cover. The sensor network captured significant spatial heterogeneity in rain versus snow precipitation for water‐year 2014, variability that was not apparent in the more limited operational data. Using daily dew‐point temperature to track temporal elevational changes in the rain‐snow transition, the amount of snow accumulation at each node was used to estimate the fraction of rain versus snow. This resulted in an underestimate of total precipitation below the 0°C dew‐point elevation, which averaged 1730 m across 10 precipitation events, indicating that measuring snow does not capture total precipitation. We suggest blending lower elevation rain gauge data with higher‐elevation sensor‐node data for each event to estimate total precipitation. Blended estimates were on average 15–30% higher than using either set of measurements alone. Using data from the current operational snow‐pillow sites gives even lower estimates of basin‐wide precipitation. Given the increasing importance of liquid precipitation in a warming climate, a strategy that blends distributed measurements of both liquid and solid precipitation will provide more accurate basin‐wide precipitation estimates, plus spatial and temporal patters of snow accumulation and melt in a basin.
Development of a global aerosol model using a two‐dimensional sectional method: 1. Model design
Authors: Matsui H.
Published: July 2017

This study develops an aerosol module, the Aerosol Two‐dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation version 2 (ATRAS2), and implements the module into a global climate model, Community Atmosphere Model. The ATRAS2 module uses a two‐dimensional (2‐D) sectional representation with 12 size bins for particles from 1 nm to 10 μm in dry diameter and 8 black carbon (BC) mixing state bins. The module can explicitly calculate the enhancement of absorption and cloud condensation nuclei activity of BC‐containing particles by aging processes. The ATRAS2 module is an extension of a 2‐D sectional aerosol module ATRAS used in our previous studies within a framework of a regional three‐dimensional model. Compared with ATRAS, the computational cost of the aerosol module is reduced by more than a factor of 10 by simplifying the treatment of aerosol processes and 2‐D sectional representation, while maintaining good accuracy of aerosol parameters in the simulations. Aerosol processes are simplified for condensation of sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, organic aerosol formation, coagulation, and new particle formation processes, and box model simulations show that these simplifications do not substantially change the predicted aerosol number and mass concentrations and their mixing states. The 2‐D sectional representation is simplified (the number of advected species is reduced) primarily by the treatment of chemical compositions using two interactive bin representations. The simplifications do not change the accuracy of global aerosol simulations. In part 2, comparisons with measurements and the results focused on aerosol processes such as BC aging processes are shown.
B
erger,
T
homas
Authors: Madden David W.
Published: July 2017

Thomas Berger is a rare figure in modern American literature – a writer who has worked steadily since the publication of his first novel, living entirely by his pen. Berger has shunned publicity, granted few interviews, and devoted himself to one fictional experiment after another. Although he rejects the labels of comic writer or social critic, his novels are among the most relentlessly ironic and incisive of any modern American writer.
Reliable Work Function Determination of Multicomponent Surfaces and Interfaces: The Role of Electrostatic Potentials in Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Schultz Thorsten , Lenz Thomas , Kotadiya Naresh , Heimel Georg , Glasser Gunnar , Berger Rüdiger , Blom Paul W. M. , Amsalem Patrick , de Leeuw Dago M. , Koch Norbert
Published: July 2017

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is a key technique to determine the work function (Φ) of surfaces by measuring the secondary‐electron cut‐off (SECO). However, the interpretation of SECO spectra as obtained by UPS is not straightforward for multicomponent surfaces, and it is not comprehensively understood to what extent the length scale of inhomogeneity impacts the SECO. Here, this study unravels the physics governing the energy distribution of the SECO by experimentally and theoretically determining the electrostatic landscape above surfaces with defined patterns of Φ. For such samples, the measured SECO spectra exhibit actually two cut‐offs, one representing the high Φ surface component and the other one corresponding to an area‐averaged Φ value. By combining Kelvin probe force microscopy and electrostatic modeling, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the electrostatic potential of the high Φ areas leads to an additional energy barrier for the electrons emitted from the low Φ areas. Theoretical predictions of the induced energy barrier dependence on the Φ‐pattern length scale and sample bias are further experimentally verified. These findings establish a solid base for reliable SECO interpretation of heterogeneous surfaces and improved reliability of interfacial energy‐level diagrams from UPS experiments.
A Terahertz Controlled‐NOT Gate Based on Asymmetric Rotation of Polarization in Chiral Metamaterials
Authors: Xu Wei‐Zong , Shi Ya‐Ting , Ye Jiandong , Ren Fang‐Fang , Shadrivov Ilya V. , Lu Hai , Liang Lanju , Hu Xiaopeng , Jin Biaobing , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati
Published: July 2017

Logical operation based on polarization encoding of light is important for future data transmission and information processing. However, in the terahertz (THz) region, chiral materials with large optical activity are not available in nature, and the effective manipulation of polarization states remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a double‐layer bi‐anisotropic metamaterial that consists of planar spiral and cut‐wire layers separated by a polyimide film. Strong asymmetric polarization rotation of two orthogonal linear polarizations can be observed around 0.53 THz. By investigating the correlation between two linear polarization states before and after the spiral‐wire metamaterial at this frequency, a controlled‐NOT (CNOT) gate operating on two linear‐polarization‐based qubits is further exploited. The processing mechanism of the asymmetric rotation and CNOT gate is attributed to the scattering of dipole momentum based on classical multipole theory. This polarization processor's architecture is promising for robust and energy‐efficient THz polarization control, and also provides an effective path for the development of future optical supercomputing technology.
Carbon Solving Carbon's Problems: Recent Progress of Nanostructured Carbon‐Based Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Vasileff Anthony , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi Zhang
Published: July 2017

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to useful molecules offers an elegant technological solution to current energy security and sustainability issues because it sequesters carbon from the atmosphere, provides an energy storage solution for intermittent renewable sources, and can be used to produce fuels and industrial chemicals. Nanostructured carbon materials have been extensively used to catalyse some key electrochemical processes because of their excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and abundant active sites. This progress report focuses on nanostructured carbon materials, namely graphene materials, carbon nanotubes, porphyrin materials, nanodiamond, and glassy carbon, which have recently shown promise as high performing CO2 reduction electrocatalysts and supports. Along with discussion regarding materials synthesis, structural characterisation, and electrochemical performance characterisation techniques used, this report will discuss the findings of recent computational CO2RR studies which have been key to elucidating active sites and reaction mechanisms, and developing strategies to break conventional scaling relationships. Lastly, challenges and future perspective of these carbon‐based materials for CO2 reduction applications will be given. Much work is still required to realise the commercial viability of the technology, but advanced experimental techniques coupled with theoretical calculations are expected to facilitate future development of the technology.
Reducing Voltage Losses in Cascade Organic Solar Cells while Maintaining High External Quantum Efficiencies
Authors: Nikolis Vasileios C. , Benduhn Johannes , Holzmueller Felix , Piersimoni Fortunato , Lau Matthias , Zeika Olaf , Neher Dieter , Koerner Christian , Spoltore Donato , Vandewal Koen
Published: July 2017

High photon energy losses limit the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, an optimization route is presented which increases the VOC by reducing the interfacial area between donor (D) and acceptor (A). This optimization route concerns a cascade device architecture in which the introduction of discontinuous interlayers between alpha‐sexithiophene (α‐6T) (D) and chloroboron subnaphthalocyanine (SubNc) (A) increases the VOC of an α‐6T/SubNc/SubPc fullerene‐free cascade OSC from 0.98 V to 1.16 V. This increase of 0.18 V is attributed solely to the suppression of nonradiative recombination at the D–A interface. By accurately measuring the optical gap (Eopt) and the energy of the charge‐transfer state (ECT) of the studied OSC, a detailed analysis of the overall voltage losses is performed. Eopt – qVOC losses of 0.58 eV, which are among the lowest observed for OSCs, are obtained. Most importantly, for the VOC‐optimized devices, the low‐energy (700 nm) external quantum efficiency (EQE) peak remains high at 79%, despite a minimal driving force for charge separation of less than 10 meV. This work shows that low‐voltage losses can be combined with a high EQE in organic photovoltaic devices.
3D‐Printed Conical Arrays of TiO2 Electrodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Lee Chong‐Yong , Taylor Adam C. , Beirne Stephen , Wallace Gordon G.
Published: July 2017

Control over the topography of semiconducting materials can lead to enhanced performances in photoelectrochemical related applications. One means of implementing this is through direct patterning of metal‐based substrates, though this is inadequately developed. Conventional techniques for patterned fabrication commonly involve technologically demanding and tedious processes. 3D printing, a form of additive fabrication, enables creation of a 3D object by deposition of successive layers of material via computer control. In this work, the feasibility of fabricating metal‐based 3D printed photoelectrodes is explored. Electrodes comprised of conical arrays are fabricated and the performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting is further enhanced by the direct growth of TiO2 nanotubes on this platform. 3D metal printing provides a flexible and versatile approach for the design and fabrication of novel electrode structures.
Mutation intolerant genes and targets of FMRP are enriched for nonsynonymous alleles in schizophrenia
Authors: Leonenko Ganna , Richards Alexander L. , Walters James T. , Pocklington Andrew , Chambert Kimberly , Al Eissa Mariam M. , Sharp Sally I. , O'Brien Niamh L. , Curtis David , Bass Nicholas J. , McQuillin Andrew , Hultman Christina , Moran Jennifer L. , McCarroll Steven A. , Sklar Pamela , Neale Benjamin M. , Holmans Peter A. , Owen Michael J. , Sullivan Patrick F. , O'Donovan Michael C.
Published: July 2017

Risk of schizophrenia is conferred by alleles occurring across the full spectrum of frequencies from common SNPs of weak effect through to ultra rare alleles, some of which may be moderately to highly penetrant. Previous studies have suggested that some of the risk of schizophrenia is attributable to uncommon alleles represented on Illumina exome arrays. Here, we present the largest study of exomic variation in schizophrenia to date, using samples from the United Kingdom and Sweden (10,011 schizophrenia cases and 13,791 controls). Single variants, genes, and gene sets were analyzed for association with schizophrenia. No single variant or gene reached genome‐wide significance. Among candidate gene sets, we found significant enrichment for rare alleles (minor allele frequency [MAF] < 0.001) in genes intolerant of loss‐of‐function (LoF) variation and in genes whose messenger RNAs bind to fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We further delineate the genetic architecture of schizophrenia by excluding a role for uncommon exomic variants (0.01 ≤ MAF ≥ 0.001) that confer a relatively large effect (odds ratio [OR] > 4). We also show risk alleles within this frequency range exist, but confer smaller effects and should be identified by larger studies.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Imidazole Derivatives with Nitrile Oxide: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2,4]oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Kun‐Ming , Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Jin Yi , Lin Jun
Published: July 2017

A concise and efficient synthesis of imidazo[1,2,4]oxadiazole derivatives that proceeds through the [3+2] cycloaddition of 2‐chloro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole with nitrile oxides has been developed. This strategy can conveniently construct tricyclic imidazole heterocyclic derivatives that contain a broad range of functional groups. Compound 3 p showed excellent cytotoxic activity against the KYSE410 cell line (IC50=0.26 μm). These tricyclic imidazole heterocyclic derivatives are promising candidates for drug discovery.
Endoscopic hematoma evacuation for acute subdural hematoma in a young patient: a case report
Authors: Kuge Atsushi , Tsuchiya Daisuke , Watanabe Shigeki , Sato Mitsuya , Kinjo Toshihiko
Published: July 2017

Case

The standard treatment for acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is large craniotomy; decompressive craniectomy may also be carried out, if needed, to prevent secondary brain damage. Recently, an endoscopic procedure for elderly patients with ASDH was carried out and reported; its safety and effectiveness were emphasized because of minimal invasiveness. We report a young case and discuss its difficulties and tips.

A 31‐year‐old man was found to be in a state of general convulsion. At the time of admission, we observed severe consciousness disturbance, anisocoria, and left hemiparesis. Computed tomography showed a massive subdural hematoma with marked midline shift.

Outcome

Osmotherapy and emergency trepanation improved anisocoria. An endoscopic procedure under local anesthesia was sequentially selected. After surgery, the patient's symptoms clearly improved.

Conclusion

Although the standard treatment for ASDH is craniotomy, endoscopic surgery may be useful in some cases.