bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Rutting Equalization Control of Asphalt Pavement under Different Working Conditions
Authors: Luo Yaolu , Wang Xuancang , Jiang Aqing , Li Meng , Song Liping
Published: August 2023

Compared with ordinary asphalt pavement, the application of modified asphalt will improve the performance of asphalt pavement. However, using the same modification method for the whole road section can cause modification waste or result in some parts not meeting performance standards. This paper proposes a whole road section modification method. First of all, a finite element model was established using Abqus according to the actual road pavement material to analyze the mechanical response of each layer under different working conditions and establish the grading standard under comprehensive working conditions. Secondly, different modification methods were analyzed according to investigation and their modification effects were graded through clustering analysis method. Finally, different working conditions and different modification methods were reasonably matched and a section of highway was selected for verification. The results show that before modification, the calculated rutting is 6.23mm and after modification, it is reduced to 2.45mm which indicates that reasonable modification has a better effect and can achieve the purpose of rutting equalization control on the whole road section. It is of great significance to carry out reasonable modification on different conditions to control rutting equalization of asphalt pavements.
The Effects of Incarceration on Youths’ Sense of Identity and Music-Based Rehabilitation: An Exploratory Pilot Study
Authors: Barsoum Stephanie
Published: August 2023

Incarceration negatively affects well-being and can shift an individual’s identity through labeling theory and prisonization. Seven incarcerated girls at a juvenile residential facility were administered self-esteem and life satisfaction questionnaires, and interviews were conducted to assess the impacts of incarceration on happiness and well-being. Afterwards, an eight-week music program was implemented. Results indicated that life satisfaction was significantly lower than self-esteem (p = .037), yet all participants expressed an optimistic outlook on their future in their interviews, sharing a desire to pursue further education. Participant feedback following the music program suggests positive impacts on their emotional state and well-being.
Thimerosal and Ethylmercury Elicit Microglia Inflammation
Authors: Alfenim Carolina , Bramatti Isabella , Vaz Ana , Aschner Michael , Branco Vasco , Carvalho Cristina
Published: August 2023

Thimerosal (TmHg) has been used in thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCV) and various med-icines, although to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating its effects on microglia. Microglia are a crucial glial component that have important functions in inflammatory diseases, particularly in the Central Nervous System (CNS). They are also considered a key player in neurotoxicity. Furthermore, microglia are responsible for the activation of immune responses and plays an essential role for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Microglial response is important for the maintenance of CNS immune regulation. Moreover, microglia cells partici-pate in the removal of cellular debris and pathogens, playing an important role as neuroprotectants in several CNS diseases, including neurodegeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TmHg and its metabolite ethylmercury (EtHg) on microglial cells. Our novel findings demonstrated that microglia are more sensitive to TmHg than to EtHg with EC50 1.4 ± 0.4 μM and 2.3± 0.9 μM for 24h, respectively. The mercury compounds also induced the transcription of pro-inflammatory markers s such as IL-1β; iNOS, and to a lesser extent TNF-α expression. Likewise, the increase in Beclin-1 expression - a protein associated to autophagy - and the number of senescent cells indicate that microglia are activated by TmHg and EtHg. The effects of thimerosal may have different consequences depending on the health status and susceptibility of the populations.
Discourteous Behavior on Extra-Role Performance of University Teachers at Job: Role of Emotions and Hardiness
Authors: Akhter Khatiba , Shah Nazir Haider , Syed Makhdoom Ali , Khan Muhabat , Saeed Nauman , Riyyaz Iqra , Shafaqat Majabeen , Abid Sara
Published: August 2023

This study examined the effect of colleagues uncivil behavior on extra-role performance of teachers. The study further explored the mediating role of emotional exhaustion to intensify the effect. In parallel, moderation of psychological hardiness to absorb the negative shocks was also determined. For examining the direct, mediating, and moderating effects, primary data were collected through mailed questionnaires. To overcome the issues of common method biases, dyadic and time lagged approaches were used for collection of data. Responses were collected in three phases, with appropriate time intervals. Data of independent, mediating, and moderating variables were collected from teachers while of dependent variable form their immediate supervisors, i.e. HoDs. The study found a significant effect of colleagues’ discourteous behavior on extra-role performance of victims at job. Significant mediation of emotional exhaustion in the effect was also observed. In the meantime, hardiness of targets absolutely moderated the effect to minimize the associated consequences. Based on results, several policy implication and interventions were suggested.
Applications of ChatGPT/GPT4 in Biological Studies, Medical and Dental Care
Authors: Bagheri Varzaneh Mina
Published: August 2023

Chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) is a developed language model and a subgroup of artificial intelligence (AI) which has demonstrated noticeable innovation in interactions between computer models and human studies. The release of ChatGPT in November 2022 attracted over 100 million users in a short time. It has unlimited applications in different fields of studies such as technology and science. ChatGPT utilizes deep learning and internet text to produce responses that resemble human language, although their accuracy is not always guaranteed. ChatGPT and GPT-4 can make a huge revolution in biology, medical, dental research, and health care. However, it's important to acknowledge the limitations of ChatGPT such as limitation in accessing the latest data. ChatGPT has generated both excitement and concern regarding its potential misuse. Its utilization in scientific publications has sparked debates and prompted the development of policies to govern the use of it. Although ChatGPT has certain limitations, it could impact on many different fields of study. There are challenges associated with using ChatGPT in the field of laboratory medicine and biology, particularly in the interpretation of test results. In this article, we review some of the applications of ChatGPT and GPT-4 in biology, dental and medical studies, and concerns about ChatGPT. Despite ChatGPT's conversational abilities are impressive, there are important considerations regarding its use in different fields of research and academic public.
Study on the Causes of Differences in Cropland Abandonment Levels among Farming Households Based on Hierarchical Linear Model
——13120 Farming Households in 26 Provinces of China as an Example
Authors: Xiangdong Wang , Decheng Zhao
Published: August 2023

Cropland abandonment is a widespread phenomenon with an increasing trend around the world, including China. Cropland abandonment is the result of a multi-scale and multi-factor nested structure, in order to comprehensively identify the individual and background effects, the study explores the causes of the differences in farmland abandonment levels at two levels: farm household and village, based on a hierarchical linear model. The results show that: (1) 83.63% of the differences in farm abandonment rates are differences in farm households while 16.37% are differences in their villages; (2) whether head of household is healthier, per capita cropland area, ratio of transferred farmland, possession of large-scale agricultural production machinery or livestock for agricultural production, ratio of agricultural income, and whether there are village cadres have a significant negative impact on abandonment rates at the farm household level; while at the village level, commuting distance, whether it is a suburb of a large or medium-sized city, topography of the village is plain or not, and ratio of the number of people in agricultural production in the village have a significant positive impact on abandonment rates, while whether it has experienced land expropriation has a significant positive effect on the abandonment rate; (3) commuting distance weakens the negative correlation between the ratio of transferred cropland and the ratio of agricultural income and the abandonment rate; whether it is a suburb of a large or medium-sized city strengthens the negative correlation between whether it owns large-scale agricultural production machinery or livestock and the abandonment rate; whether the topography of the village is plain weakens the negative correlation between the possession of large agricultural production machinery or livestock for agricultural production and the agricultural income ratio and the abandonment rate; ratio of the number of people in agricultural production in the village weakens the negative correlation between the ratio of transferred cropland and abandonment rate; and whether the village has experienced land expropriation strengthens the negative correlation between the ratio of agricultural income and abandonment rate.
An Evolutionary Model for Ancient Origins of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Dumesic Daniel A , Abbott David H , Chazenbalk Gregorio D
Published: August 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and insulin resistance closely linked with preferential abdominal fat accumulation. As an ancestral primate trait, PCOS was likely further selected in humans when scarcity of food in hunter-gatherers of the late Pleistocene additionally programmed for enhanced fat storage to meet the metabolic demands of reproduction in later life. As an evolutional model for PCOS, healthy normal-weight women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cells that favor fat storage through exaggerated lipid accumulation during development to adipocytes in vitro. In turn, fat storage is counterbalanced by reduced insulin sensitivity and preferential accumulation of highly-lipolytic intra-abdominal fat in vivo. This metabolic adaptation in PCOS balances energy storage with glucose availability and fatty acid oxidation for optimal energy use during reproduction; its accompanying oligo-anovulation allowed PCOS women from antiquity sufficient time and strength for childrearing of fewer offspring with a greater likelihood of childhood survival. Heritable PCOS characteristics are now affected by today’s contemporary environment through epigenetic events that predispose to lipotoxicity with excess weight gain and pregnancy complications, calling for an emphasis on preventive healthcare to optimize the long-term, endocrine-metabolic health of PCOS women in today’s obesogenic environment.
Trade Performance of Bangladesh during Covid-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study using CGE Model
Authors: Fatema Farha , Islam Mohammad Monirul , Rahman Tania
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyze the trade performance of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identifies the effects of private consumption demand shock and trade disruptions due to higher trade costs caused by the pandemic on the export and import of Bangladesh in different sectors and compares the analysis results with actual data. Based on the previous literature, this study assumes the shocks in different levels such as low, medium, and high level and identifies their effects on the trade in Bangladesh. The study applies the CGE model using GTAP to measure the effects of the shocks on trade and output and compares the actual trade with the CGE simulated results. The results of the study suggest that both demand shock and trade disruptions substantially affect the export, import, and domestic output of Bangladesh during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is also evident that the higher the level of shock, the higher the impact on trade and output. The actual export and import data cross-validate the CGE analysis results and provide mixed findings on the trade performance of various sectors of Bangladesh during the pandemic.
Genetic Diversity of Some Upland and Sea Island Cotton Genotypes by High Resolution Capillary Electrophoresis Gel
Authors: Aydin Adnan , Uygur Gocer Emine
Published: August 2023

Cotton (Gossypium L.) is a major source of natural fibre for the world's textile industry and is also an important oil plant. Cotton fibre is the main source of textiles, the seeds are used for oil and the rest of the bagasse is a high-protein animal feed. In addition, more than 50 industries use cotton's so-called short fibre. Breeding studies in cotton are generally based on crosses between the best genotypes in terms of yield and fibre quality. However, the narrow genetic diversity of cultivars has a negative impact on cotton breeding programmes. For this reason, the identification of genetic resources and the disclosure of genetic diversity are important. Herein, high-resolution capillary gel electrophoresis was used to determine the genetic diversity of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense genotypes. Using 19 EST-SSR markers, a total of 47 genotypes were screened. The PIC values of the markers used ranged from 0.268 to 0.889. The mean PIC value was calculated to be 0.603. Concerning the clustering, PCoA and population structure analyses gave similar results, and the genotypes could be divided into 3 main groups. Genetic admixture with G. hirsutum was found in some genotypes of G. barbadense species. We can conclude that i) the EST-SSR markers used in this study are effective in the determination of genetic diversity, ii) The genetic diversity should be increased through the collection of genetic resources iii) genic EST-SSR markers in this study should be considered in breeding programmes by using them in QTL studies.
The Coal-Forming Environment at the End of the Late Permian and Its Control on Trace Elements: A Case Study of the C3 Coal Seam of the Xuanwei Formation in Eastern Yunnan, China
Authors: Wang Juan , Shao Longyi , Wang Xuetian
Published: August 2023

Paleopeat-forming environments have an important effect on the dispersion and enrichment of trace elements in coal. The C3 coal seam of the Xuanwei Formation in eastern Yunnan was used as a case study to reconstruct the paleopeat-forming environment based on the coal facies parameters and geochemical characteristics, and its influence on trace element (including rare earth elements and yttrium, REY) enrichment was investigated. The C3 coal was classified as medium rank coking coal with an ultra-low moisture content, medium-high-ash yield, and low-medium volatile content. Compared to the average values for Chinese coals, Cu and V were enriched and Co was slightly enriched in the C3 coal. Compared with the average values for world coals, Cu and V were enriched, while several other trace elements were slightly enriched, including Co, Hf, Nb, Sc, Ta, Zn, and Zr in the C3 coal. The C3 coal was deposited in a low peat mainly limno-telmatic swamp, with deep water, weak hydrodynamic conditions, brackish to salty water, and reducing conditions. Trace elements, including Cu, V, Hf, Nb, Sc, Ta, Zr, and REY, are typically enriched in a limno-telmatic environment with fresh water, and reducing and weak hydrodynamic conditions. Additionally, REY and V are also significantly enriched in brackish water limno-telmatic conditions with the same depositional environment.
Non-invasive Assessment of IDH-mutant Gliomas Using Optimized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on a Routine Clinical 3-Tesla MRI
Authors: De Godoy Laiz Laura , Choon Lim Kheng , Rajan Archith , Verma Gaurav , Hanaoka Mauro , M O’Rourke Donald , Lee John , Desai Arati , Chawla Sanjeev , Mohan Suyash
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has become one of the most important prognostic biomarkers in glioma management, indicating better treatment response and prognosis. IDH mutations confer neomorphic activity leading to the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical potential of proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in identifying IDH-mutant gliomas by detecting characteristic resonances of 2HG and its complex interplay with other clinically relevant metabolites.

Materials and Methods
Thirty-two patients with suspected infiltrative glioma underwent single-voxel (SVS, n=17) and/or single-slice multivoxel (1H-MRSI, n=15) proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) sequence with an optimized echo-time (97ms) on 3T-MRI. Spectroscopy data were analyzed using linear combination (LC) model. Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) values of <40% were considered acceptable for detecting 2HG and <20% for other metabolites. Immunohistochemical analyses for determining IDH mutational status were subsequently performed from resected tumor specimens, and findings were compared with the results from spectral data. Mann-Whitney and Chi-squared tests were performed to ascertain differences in metabolite levels between IDH-mutant and IDH-wild-type gliomas. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were also performed.

Results
Data from eight cases were excluded due to poor spectral quality or non-tumor-related etiology, and final data analyses were performed from 24 cases. Of these cases, 9/12 (75%) were correctly identified as IDH-mutant or IDH-wildtype gliomas by SVS and 10/12 (83%) by 1H-MRSI with an overall concordance rate of 79% (19/24). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were 80%, 77%, 86%, and 70%, respectively. The metabolite 2HG was found to be significant in predicting IDH-mutant gliomas by Chi-squared test (p<0.01). The IDH-mutant gliomas also showed significantly higher NAA/Cr ratio (1.20 ± 0.09 versus 0.75 ± 0.12 p= 0.016) and lower Glx/Cr ratio (0.86±0.078 versus 1.88±0.66; p=0.029) than those with IDH wild-type gliomas. The areas under the ROC curves for NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were 0.808 and 0.786, respectively.

Conclusion
1H-MRS may be useful in detecting IDH mutational status in gliomas by detecting 2HG and characteristic patterns of other metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr). This has significant clinical implications for prognostication and response assessment to novel targeted therapies in gliomas.
Role of MOB4 in Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis
Authors: Tavares Álvaro A. , Santos Inês B. , Garrido-Maraver Juan , Oliveira Bruna I. , Gonçalves Carolina
Published: August 2023

Signaling modules that integrate the diverse extra- and intracellular inputs to control cell proliferation are essential during both development and adult stages to guarantee organism homeostasis. Mobs are small adaptor proteins that participate in several of these signalling pathways. Here we review recent advances unraveling Mob4 cellular functions, a highly conserved non-catalytic protein, that plays a diversity of roles in cell proliferation, sperm cell differentiation and simultaneously is involved in synapse formation and neural development. In addition, the gene is often overexpressed in a wide range of tumors and is linked to poor clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, Mob4 molecular functions remain poorly defined, although it integrates the core structure of STRIPAK, a kinase/phosphatase protein complex, that can act upstream of the Hippo pathway. In this review we focus on the recent findings of Mob4 functions, that have begun to clarify its critical role on cell proliferation and development of tissues and individuals.
Change-Point Detection in the Volatility of Conditional Heteroscedastic Autoregressive Nonlinear Models
Authors: Arrouch Mohamed , Elharfaoui Echarif , Ngatchou-Wandji Joseph
Published: August 2023

This paper studies single change-point detection in the volatility of a class of parametric conditional heteroscedastic autoregressive nonlinear (CHARN) models. The conditional least-squares (CLS) estimators of the parameters are defined and are proved to be consistent. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov type-test for change-point detection is constructed and its null distribution is provided. An estimator of the change-point location is defined. Its consistency and its limiting distribution are studied in detail. A simulation experiment is carried out to assess the performance of the results which are also applied to two sets of real data.
Characteristics of the Blitzortung.org Lightning Location Catalog in Japan
Authors: Kamogawa Masashi , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Fujiwara Hironobu , Narita Tomomi , Wanke Egon , Murata Kotaro , Nagao Toshiyasu , Tetsuya Kodama , Izutsu Jun , Matsuki Atsushi , Tang Ning , Minamoto Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

We evaluated the detection efficiency and location accuracy of lightning discharges in Japan using Blitzortung.org, a volunteer-based network for locating lightning discharges from sferics measured by VLF electromagnetic receivers that have been deployed worldwide in recent years. A comparison of the flash rate (the detected lightning rate per area and period) from Blitzortung.org with that from the satellite-based OTD/LIS and the ground-based World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) observations showed that Blitzortung.org clearly observed intense lightning activity in and around the Kanto area, including Tokyo, in summer, which is typical of Japanese lightning activity. However, it did not clearly observe lightning activity in and around the Nansei Islands, including Okinawa. Conversely, Blitzortung.org observed winter lightning activity in the Hokuriku area and off the Kanto. In addition, event studies have compared the detection efficiency and location accuracy of Blitzortung.org with those of the Japanese Lightning Location Network (JLDN) to infer their absolute values. The latest detection efficiency of Blitzortung.org in the Kanto area was estimated at roughly 90%. The mean location accuracy was estimated at up to 5.6 km.
Bimbingan Teknis Pupuk Organik Cair untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Karet Rakyat di Payaraman Barat Kabupaten Ogan Ilir
Authors: Setyawan Dwi , Budianta Dedik , Warsito Warsito , Priatna Satria Jaya
Published: August 2023

Technical Assistance Using Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Improving Small-Scale Rubber Production in Payaraman Barat, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Liquid organic fertilizer (POC) is getting more attention from users (researchers, farmers, planters and others) because of the various advantages it has. Its manufacture is not too difficult and can use local raw materials ( agricultural waste, market waste or potential household organic waste). One of the advantages is that it can reduce the cost of fertilization. POC can be used to improve soil fertility and it is hoped that in the end it will be able to increase the productivity of rubber plants. This community service activity aims to provide technical guidance on how to make POC in a simple way and then apply it to rubber plants, accompanied by sanitation of the garden environment by cleaning weeds. There are four waste materials or plant materials used to make POC, namely pineapple peel waste, papaya fruit, banana peel and water hyacinth. The material is fermented in a simple reactor made of a gallon or bucket of used paint that is perforated and fitted with a faucet. The fermentation process is assisted by black soldier flies which will come into the reactor by themselves. After two weeks it will begin to produce fermented liquid. After four weeks the liquid is dried in the sun until it turns dark brown and is ready to use. In this activity, doses of 10, 20, 30 or 40 mL of POC were dissolved into 1 liter. The results of the socialization showed that 15 members of the farmer group did not know about POC and were very interested in using it. Preliminary data (n=30) showed a fairly large variation in sap production (59.7±48.6 grams/tree). Some rubber stems do not release sap, and the highest can reach 142.9 grams/tree with an average of 41 to 83 grams/tree. The collection of results is carried out every week according to latex sales. After 4 weeks of application of POC pineapple peel production can reach 165 to 470 grams/tree.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Pelatihan Digital Marketing pada UMKM Produk Pertanian di Desa Bodag, Madiun, Jawa Timur
Authors: Adi Prakoso , Mulyani Rizka , Putri Ardhiana Noor Hanifah , Saputri Cindy Intan , Alfiyah Hanin , Widyadana Jalasena Reswara Arkananta , Ma’rifah Khoirul , Khabibah Lutfia Nur
Published: August 2023

Community Empowerment through Digital Marketing Training in Agricultural Product SMEs in Bodag Village, Madiun, East Java. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are often faced with problems related to the limited range of product marketing because they only use conventional marketing. One of the solutions is through digital marketing to expand the reach of product marketing and increase product sales. This community service aims to provide knowledge and increase the interest of MSMEs in Bodag Village in developing technology-based businesses through digital marketing, as well as assisting MSMEs in Bodag Village in implementing digital marketing. Digital marketing training and assistance for MSMEs in Bodag Village have been carried out. The training was attended by SMEs Rumah Coklat Bodag, Kopi Laksana SMEs, Kopi Selo Gedong SMEs, Keripik Selo Gedong SMEs, Keripik Pop Krip, and Keripik Kiya. The training begins with increasing MSME knowledge and continues with hands-on practice. From the training results, MSMEs' knowledge of digital marketing has increased from a score of 45.79 to 76.84. Regarding skills, it also showed positive results with indicators of the ability of MSME members in Bodag Village to make catalogues of food products, as well as Instagram and website content for. Both of these are indicators of the successful implementation of this program. In addition, the interest in implementing digital marketing in the marketing process by MSMEs in Bodag Village also indicates that the implementation of the program has succeeded in fulfilling the purpose of doing community service.
Effect of Nutrition Therapy on Ferritin in Pregnant Women with Anemia at Gamping 2 Public Health Center
Authors: Shafriani Nazula Rahma , Fauzia Faurina , Wahyuntari Evi
Published: August 2023

Cases of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia are 48.9% and have the potential to endanger the safety of mother and child. Iron deficiency will cause a decrease in ferritin levels and will cause a decrease in hemoglobin levels below normal limits. Objective: to determine the effect of nutritional therapy for 2 months on serum hemoglobin and ferritin levels in anemic pregnant women in the second trimester. Experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design approach. A sample of 2nd trimester pregnant women with anemia at the Gamping II Health Center was 44 people. The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling, divided into 2 groups, namely the case group 22 people received nutritional counseling therapy and Fe supplements and the control group 22 people received Fe supplement therapy. Both groups will compare the results of ferritin levels before and after receiving nutritional therapy for 2 months. Data collection used a ferritin test kit, sociodemographic data, obstetric history, nutritional counseling form, Fe supplement intake form. Analysis used the Independent t-test with STATA 13. Results the average ferritin of anemic pregnant women who were given nutritional counseling therapy and Fe supplements was 62.01 ng/mL, while anemic pregnant women who received Fe supplements obtained an average of 51. 4 ng/mL. The results of the statistical test obtained p value = 0.1131, which means that there was no significant difference between the ferritin levels of the intervention group and the control group.
Bilginin Üretilmesi ve Yayılmasında Pozitif Dışsallıklar: Oyun Teorisi Yaklaşımı
Authors: AYDOĞMUŞ Özgür Hakan , GÜRPINAR Erkan
Published: August 2023

Bilginin nasıl üretildiğinin ve yayıldığının incelenmesi günümüz bilgi yoğun ekonomilerinin anlaşılması için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bilgi ekonomisi ve onu kapsayan bilgi toplumunda yararlı bilgi, sadece araştırma laboratuvarlarında, üniversitelerde ve firmalarda üretilen ve genellikle Ar&Ge’ye dayalı formel bilgiyi kapsamamaktadır. Piyasada; piyasa dışındaki sosyal ağlarda; bilgi, haber, teknoloji üretilen (yerel ve küresel) topluluklarda da yararlı bilgi üretilmekte olup bu bilgiler de en az formel bilgi kadar piyasa ekonomisinin etkin bir şekilde işlemesi için gereklidir. Daha enformel olan bu çeşit bilgi zamana ve mekâna göre değişiklik göstermekte ve kişiler arasında sadece iş sözleşmesi, satış sözleşmesi gibi yollarla yayılmamaktadır. Bu tür bilgi, örtük bilgide olduğu gibi sözlü ve/veya sözsüz birçok yöntemle yayılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bilgi üretilmesi ve yayılmasının dinamikleri oyun teorisi kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Çalışmada, örtük bilginin bilgi yayılmasında önemli olduğu durumlarda, bilgi üretimine katkıda bulunan aktörlerin bilginin yayılmasının ortaya çıkardığı pozitif dışsallıklardan katkıda bulunmayan aktörlere göre çoğu zaman daha fazla yararlandıkları gösterilmektedir.
COVID-19 Pandemisinin Havacılık Sektörüne Etkileri: Tüketicilerin Hava Yolculuğuna Yönelik Tutumları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: SONGUR Ahmet
Published: August 2023

Türkiye'de resmi olarak bildirilen ilk COVID-19 vakası 10 Mart 2020'deydi. O zamandan bu yana sayılar hızla artmış ve Kasım 2022 itibarıyla toplam 101.492 ölümle, 17 milyonu geçmiştir (T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2022). Virüsün son derece bulaşıcı özelliği ve koronavirüs hakkındaki yanlış anlamalar ile bağlantılı bu belirsizlik insanları rahatsız etmektedir. Bu durum yıllarca hissedilecek bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde, olumsuz etkiler oluşturabilir. Bu etkilerden bazıları depresyon, anksiyete, travmatik stres ve koronavirüs korkusudur (Ahorsu vd., 2020). Ekonomik hayatı kısa sürede adeta durma noktasına getiren COVID-19 salgını, başta havacılık sektörü olmak üzere birçok sektörde ciddi riskler oluşturmaktadır. Çeşitli durumlarda tüketicilerinin uçma istekliliği üzerine yapılmış birçok çalışma vardır. Bununla birlikte, bugüne kadar bildiğimiz hiçbir çalışma, Türk havayolu tüketicilerinin COVID-19 salgını sırasında uçma istekli üzerine etkili faktörleri tanımlamamıştır. Bu araştırma ile COVID-19 sürecinde, havayolu tüketicilerinin uçma istekliliğini etkileyen bazı faktörlerin etkilerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Belirlenen faktörler daha önce havayolu ile seyahat etmiş tüketiciler üzerinde test edilmiştir. Veriler anket tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada toplam 424 katılımcı yer almıştır. Veriler yapısal eşitli modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları ile ortaya koyulan model, doğrulanmıştır. Tüketicilerin uçma istekliliği ile, uçuş kaygısı ve COVID-19 tehdit algısı arasından güçlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Biocompatibility and acid resistance of preformed crowns in children
Authors: Hogerheyde Thomas , Coates Dawn E , Walsh Laurence J , Zafar Sobia
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with PPC, and resistance to acid exposure at levels that simulate the oral environment.
Materials and Methods: This laboratory study investigated primary HGFs viability, metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic events on preformed metal crown (PMC) discs, composite resin (CR)-coated wells, and monolithic ZR fragments at 24, 48, and 72 h using the ApoTox-Glo Triplex assay. The PPCs were also immersed in 0.1% lactic acid, 0.2% phosphoric acid, or 10% citric acid for 7 days at 37oC to reproduce conditions associated with dietary intake or gastric reflux. Samples were then subject to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to quantitate the release of ions.
Results: The viability of HGFs on stainless steel and CR significantly declined at 48 and 72 h, representing potential cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of HGFs was also higher for stainless steel and ZR compared to control (p < 0.05). PMCs and ZR crowns gave minimal ion release. Meanwhile, significant quantities of metallic ions, including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), were present in eluates from veneered-preformed metal crowns (V-PMCs).
Conclusions: As PPCs can be exposed to highly acidic environments for many years, thus the release of metallic ions from V-PMCs should form the further investigated in future studies
Clinical Relevance: The study showed that paediatric restorative materials are mildly cytotoxic to HGFs depending on the oral environment.
Strip Perforation of the Danger Zone in Mandibular Molars: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Runzhi , Shi Keying , Xia Zhuoheng , Zheng Yuxin , Zheng Yuanna , Ding Yude , Yang Fan , Zhang Wentao
Published: August 2023

Background
The danger zone (DZ) commonly refers to the area of mesial roots in mandibular molars, which is more vulnerable to perforations in cases of over-instrumentation. Midroot perforations may lead to a dubious prognosis and ultimately to tooth extraction. In clinical practice, identifying the danger zone and preventing perforation are extremely crucial. However, there are no articles that systematically summarize relevant studies since the concept was first introduced in the 1980s.
Case presentation
This report describes a failed root canal treatment because of a stripe perforation during preparation. In our hospital, a female patient underwent root canal treatment on her mandibular first molar. After the standard procedure of root canal preparation, the pathological condition of the tooth worsens. A CBCT showed a transmissive shadow at the root bifurcation and partial loss of dentin in the proximal mesio-buccal root. This tooth was eventually recommended for extraction.
Conclusions
Each clinical case must be analyzed carefully and individually before endodontic procedures to minimize the occurrence of iatrogenic perforations. In addition, this report provides a comprehensive review of research advances related to the danger zone (DZ) and summarizes the characteristics of the DZ. The risk factors associated with streak perforation events, such as instrument selection and anatomical factors, are also explored in detail. Through a comprehensive analysis of these research advances and risk factors, we can better understand characteristics and potential risks of the DZ to guide endodontic treatment decisions in clinical practice to improve the success rate and prognostic quality of treatment.
Effects of the addition of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the forage Gliricidia sepium on blood chemistry in chickens
Authors: Amaya Julieta Esperanza Ochoa , Baena Silvana Peña , Murcia Kelly Alejandra Torres , Martinez Nicolas Torres , Matus Jose Ricardo Corredor
Published: August 2023

This study assessed the combined effect of partial feed replacement with the forage Gliricidia sepium (GS) as a source of protein and supplementation with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on blood chemistry parameters in broilers. Six treatments were used: T1 (control), T2 (control; no SC + 10% GS), T3 (control; no SC + 15% GS), and T4 (SC + 0% GS), T5 (SC + 10% GS), and T6 (SC + 15% GS). T5 exhibited an increase in CK (p = 0.0099) as compared to T1 (5567±733.2) IU/L. The use of SC and GS at 10% in broiler diet increased creatine kinase levels, which may be related to mild muscle or liver disturbances. Replacing part of the feed with GS increased protein availability, which correlated with increased availability of apoproteins for lipoprotein production.
Only less than one-third of healthcare professionals had good practice towards antimicrobial stewardship due to unfavorable attitude: a facility-based study
Authors: Tesema Esubalew Zemene , Yenesew Muluken Azage , Workie Hailemariam Mekonnen
Published: August 2023

Background
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the global public health threats to meeting sustainable development goals. Antimicrobial stewardship practice is the recommended approach to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Credible evidence on the antimicrobial stewardship practice among healthcare professionals is scarce in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the practice of antimicrobial stewardship among healthcare professionals and its associated factors.
Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from April 1 to May 1, 2021, among healthcare professionals in public hospitals of Bahir Dar City. A total of 403 healthcare professionals were included in the study using a stratified simple random sampling method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the frequencies and percentages of the data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable.
Results
The study showed that overall good practice of health care professionals towards antimicrobial stewardship was 117 (30.3%). The unfavorable attitude toward antimicrobial stewardship (AOR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.46–4.50), monthly salary > 7000 birrs (AOR: 2.32(1.50–5.28), and being male gender (AOR: 1.80, CI: 1.02–3.19) were factors significantly associated with antimicrobial stewardship practice.
Conclusions
The study showed that AMS practice was low. Earn higher monthly salary, favorable attitude towards antimicrobial stewardship, and being male gender were higher odds of practicing antimicrobial stewardship. Therefore, developing favorable attitudes, improving monthly income, and encouraging and training female healthcare professionals are the area of intervention to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Validation of a Measure of Hospital Maternal Level of Care for the United States
Authors: Vanderlaan Jennifer , Shen Jay , McDonough Ian K.
Published: August 2023

Background
Lack of a validated assessment of maternal risk-appropriate care for use in population data has prevented the existing literature from quantifying the benefit of maternal risk-appropriate care. The objective of this study was to develop a measure of hospital maternal levels of care based on the resources available at the hospital, using existing data available to researchers.
Methods
This was a Secondary Data Analysis. The sample was abstracted from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database for 2018. Eligibility was limited to short-term acute general hospitals that reported providing maternity services as measured by hospital reporting of an obstetric service level, obstetric services, or birthing rooms. A method to identify maternal level of care was created by identifying variables in the dataset that aligned with the ACOG criteria for each maternal level. The validity of the method was measured as the level of agreement of the distribution of hospital levels with the distribution in CDC Levels of Care Assessment Tool Validation Pilot. Results were compared to hospital self-report in the database and measurement reported with another published method.
Results
The sample included 2,351 hospitals. AHA variables were available to measure resources that align with ACOG Levels 1, 2, and 3. Overall, 1219 (51.9%) of hospitals reported resources aligned with Maternal Level One, 816 (34.7%) aligned with maternal level two, and 202 (8.6%) aligned with maternal level Three. This method overestimates the prevalence of hospitals with maternal level one compared to the CDC measurement of 36.1% (Mean 52.9%; 95% CI47.2% − 58.7%), and likely includes hospitals that would not qualify as level one if all resources required by the ACOG guidelines could be assessed. This method underestimates the prevalence of hospitals with maternal critical care services (Level 3 or 4) compared to CDC measure of 12.1% (Mean 8.1%; 95%CI 6.2% – 10.0%) but is an improvement over hospital self-report (24.7%) and a prior published method (32.3%).
Conclusions
This method of measuring maternal level of care allows researchers to investigate the value of perinatal regionalization, risk-appropriate care, and hospital differences among the three levels of care.
Application of Rain Classroom combined with Team-based Learning(TBL) to teaching of case discussion for residents in Department of anesthesiology
Authors: Li Jun , Meng Yong , Han Tingting , Wang Yaoyao , Li Bo , Zhao Liang
Published: August 2023

Background
The purpose of this study was to explore the teaching effect of Rain Classroom combined with Team-based Learning(TBL) to case discussion of anesthesia residents.
Methods
To compare the application of Rain Classroom combined with Team-based Learning (TBL) model and traditional lecture-based Learning (LBL) model in the teaching of clinical case discussion for anesthesia residents. The resident scores and teacher's teaching effect are analyzed through data collection and analysis.
Results
The mode of Rain classroom combined with TBL made residents deeply participate in the whole process of case discussion, better completed the learning objectives, and improved the comprehensive ability of residents.The satisfaction of Rain classroom combined with TBL teaching method was significantly higher than that of LBL .
Conclusion
Rain Classroom combined with TBL teaching mode is effective in case discussion teaching of anesthesia residents, which provides reference for clinical teaching reform of anesthesiology.
A rare case of Extensive Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification (NHO): A case report
Authors: Somani Vasav , Desai Mohan , Shaikh Ashraf , Gupta Rajan
Published: August 2023

Introduction Neurogenic Heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a potential sequalae and a detrimental complication following neurological insult. It is characterized by formation of localized gradually progressive, peri-articular lamellar bone formation in extra-skeletal tissues. We would like to report a rare case of heterotopic ossification involving all 4 limbs, in which we tried to restore joint mobility to improve his functional status so that he could perform his daily tasks. Case presentation We present a case of a 33-year-old bed ridden male, diagnosed with NHO involving all 4 limbs (bilateral hip, right knee, right shoulder, left elbow). The patient had a crippled posture, significant pain and impaired range of motion hampering movement of all four limbs which prevented him from lying down supine, sitting, walking and performing activities of daily living.. After three surgeries, the patient achieved wheelchair mobilization and upright posture with the assistance of calipers. Conclusion The management of NHO requires a multidisciplinary approach involving orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists & rehabilitation specialists. Prognosis of NHO depends on factors such as extent of ossification, underlying neurological condition & patients overall health.
Development and Validation of a Self-Management Self-Efficacy Scale for Premature Birth Prevention (SMSE-PBP) for women of childbearing age
Authors: Kim Sun-Hee , Lee Yu-Jin
Published: August 2023

Background
This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a self-management self-efficacy for premature birth prevention (SMSE-PBP) in women of childbearing age (WCA).
Methods
Instrument development and validation were undertaken in three phases: conceptualization, item generation and evaluation of content validity, and evaluation of construct and concurrent validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using exploratory and second-order confirmatory factor analyses, and concurrent validity was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The reliability was analyzed using omega hierarchical and Cronbach’s ⍺.
Results
Content validity was assessed by experts and cognitive interviews of WCA. The SMSE-PBP consists of a second-order 3-dimension and 10-factor scale with 60 items; therefore, the construct and concurrent validity of the SMSE-PBP were supported. The omega values were .93 for pre-pregnancy SMSE-PBP, .92 for pregnancy SMSE-PBP, and .94 for hospital SMSE-PBP. Cronbach’s ⍺ was .88 for pre-pregnancy SMSE-PBP, .96 for pregnancy SMSE-PBP, and .96 for hospital SMSE-PBP.
Conclusions
The SMSE-PBP scale is valid and reliable for WCA; it is helpful for WCA and health professionals to assess women’s SMSE-PBP and pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, or hospital SMSE-PBP. The next steps should include assessing the relationship with pregnancy health behaviors.
The effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions on girls' MVPA, sedentary behaviour and physical activity guideline adherence: A Systematic Review
Authors: McCarthy Nicole , Hall Alix , Nathan Nicole , Sutherland Rachel , Campbell Libby , Shoesmith Adam , Gibson Edward Riley , Gardner Carly , Neil-Sztramko Sarah , Hodder Rebecca
Published: August 2023

Background: Evidence suggests physical activity (PA) levels decline as children age, with levels lower for girls than boys. Consequently, many PA interventions have targeted schools to increase physical activity among children but show varying effects. However, no recent systematic review has assessed their effects specifically on girls’ PA. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a synthesis of studies included in a recent comprehensive Cochrane review of school-based PA interventions, to determine their effect on girls’ PA levels and sedentary time, and proportion of students meeting PA guidelines.
Methods: Studies assessing the effect of school-based PA interventions in students aged 6 to 18 years were considered eligible for inclusion in the original review if they: employed a randomised controlled trial design, targeted school students, and objectively assessed student PA (such as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)), sedentary time, or the proportion of children meeting PA guidelines across the whole day or school day. Studies from the original review were eligible for this secondary analysis if they reported eligible outcomes separately for girls. Where possible, random-effects meta-analyses were undertaken to estimate pooled effect sizes for primary outcomes.
Results: Nineteen of 89 studies from the original review were included. Meta-analysis of 14 studies (11,384 participants) indicated interventions made little to no difference to girls’ minutes of MVPA across the whole day [mean difference: 0.81 minutes/day (95% CI: -0.30, 1.91; I2=50%; low certainty evidence]. Meta-analysis of eight studies (4,811 Participants) found that school-based PA interventions probably decrease girls’ minutes of sedentary behaviour across the whole day [mean difference: -6.73 minutes/day (95% CI: -11.61, -1.85); I2=0% moderate certainty evidence]. One study measured the proportion of students meeting guidelines which found little to no difference [0.65 (95% CI: 0.23, 1.85) very low certainty of evidence] on this outcome.
Conclusions: The positive result for sedentary time but not MVPA suggests that school-based PA interventions are beneficial for improving movement of girls, but not intensity of movement. Future research should focus on improving the design of interventions in an attempt to target their impact on increasing the intensity of girls’ PA levels. Such efforts could include those that target girl specific preferences and barriers.