bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Social Isolation to Social Integration in Disadvantaged Children: Kocaeli Governorship ÖNEM Project, Kocaeli, Türkiye
Authors: Polat Aslıhan , Akfırat Osman Nejat , Geniş Bahadır , Şişman Ezgi
Published: September 2024

Objective: Addressing the needs of disadvantaged or vulnerable children and young people is of vital importance in today's society. Comprehensive efforts within both educational institutions and the wider society are essential to provide support and opportunities to these vulnerable groups. The aim of this article is to present the model of the Kocaeli ONEM project, which aims to increase the social integration of disadvantaged children.

Methods: Children from broken families, children from families with members in prison, refugee children and children with health problems were included in the study. The study was carried out in 3 different periods. Nineteen activities were planned to improve the social integration of the children. Questionnaires were sent to children, teachers and their families for feedback.

Results: A total of 14682 activities were organised, consisting of 19 different categories. A total of 65.695 children participated in the activities. Totally, 15860 supporters were involved in the project. Satisfaction rates obtained through feedback surveys for the last two study periods were 84% for students, 81% and 82% for teachers, 75% and 81% for parents.

Conclusion: The activities carried out in the ONEM project served to improve children's problem-solving skills and quality of life. Thanks to these activities, children were able to cope better with the stress caused by biological and social changes, the effects of peer pressure were reduced and their desire to be part of a group was positively addressed.
A cognitive approach to learning, monitoring, and shifting social norms
Authors: Hertz Uri
Published: September 2024

Social norms govern and prescribe how group members behave. Since norms manifest in individuals’ behavior, it is important to consider the cognitive demands associated with detecting and monitoring norm behaviors. Here I describe three types of norms that differ in the behavior they prescribe, the cognitive processes of behavior detection and monitoring they require, and the compliance and cooperative patterns they entail. Categorical norms, such as taboos, prescribe what actions group members must or shouldn’t do, and may rely on affective outcomes. Scale-sensitive norms govern how much of a behavior one must do and rely on signal detection processes. History-sensitive norms consider a whole sequence of actions performed by specific individuals, such as the history of contribution, and require evidence accumulation mechanisms. Detecting and monitoring these different types of behaviors poses different cognitive demands, which may affect the extent and stability of social norms. By taking the cognitive perspective, it may be possible to understand why some norms are more resilient than others, and plan interventions that promote norm change by matching these cognitive demands.
The Badolian climate change resilience mathematical formalism
Authors: Badolo Mathieu
Published: September 2024

Theoretical, methodological and decision-making tools that improve climate change resilience processes relevance and efficiency development is one of the levers to consider for increased performance of responses to the intensification of direct and indirect impacts of risks. climatic. These tools should be particularly appropriate for specifying global climate change resilience objectives, developing contextual information families for climate change resilience and designing resilience trajectories based on resilience objectives.The main result proposed in this article is the Badolian climate change resilience mathematical formalism. It includes concepts, theoretical, methodological and decision making tools to improve climate change resilience actions approaches, relevance, efficiency and performance. They are mainly climate resilience state equation, resilience configurations, residual impacts and vulnerabilities concepts, resilience information bodies, resilience horizons and trajectory segments.Fundamentally, the mathematical climate change resilience formalism is a new tool to improve the scientific basis, relevance, efficiency and impact of climate change resilience processes, following contextual specificities.
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến mức sẵn lòng chi trả của người dân để cải thiện chất lượng không khí tại quận Tây Hồ, thành phố Hà Nội
Authors: Nguyen An Thinh , Hai Luu Duc , Khuc Van Quy
Published: September 2024

Nghiên cứu này có mục tiêu ước lượng mức chi trả tự nguyện (WTP) của người dân cho cải thiện ô nhiễm không khí trên địa bàn quận Tây Hồ, Hà Nội. Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp định giá ngẫu nhiên (CVM) kết hợp với mô hình hồi quy khoảng để phân tích dữ liệu được thu thập từ 340 hộ gia đình (HGĐ) tại quận Tây Hồ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 43,2% người được khảo sát cảm thấy chất lượng không khí tại khu vực sống đang trở nên kém và rất kém, 36,8% có nhu cầu và ủng hộ việc đi du lịch sang các tỉnh thành lân cận nhằm giảm thiểu tác động tiêu cực của ô nhiễm không khí, 70% các hộ gia đình không có ý định thực hiện hành động chuyển nhà và công việc sang quận khác ít ô nhiễm. Về lý do không chi trả tự nguyện cho quỹ bảo vệ môi trường không khí, 46,5% người được phỏng vấn không đồng ý do nghi ngờ về hiệu quả của quỹ. Kết quả của mô hình cho thấy trung bình một hộ gia đình sẵn lòng chi khoảng 71 nghìn đồng/HGĐ/tháng cho quỹ môi trường. Mức WTP này phụ thuộc nhiều nhất bởi nhóm yếu tố nhân khẩu học, tiếp theo là văn hóa môi trường gắn với nhóm yếu tố biện pháp môi trường và nhóm yếu tố nhận thức. Kết quả của nghiên cứu gợi mở một số hàm ý chính sách quan trọng trong thời gian tới bao gồm: (1) Nâng cao văn hóa môi trường thông qua tăng cường truyền thông và cải tiến các chương trình giáo dục về môi trường; (2) thúc đẩy đổi mới sáng tạo gắn với chuyển đổi xanh, chuyển đổi số, (3) đầu tư phát triển công nghệ, kỹ thuật xử lý ô nhiễm không khí và phát triển hệ thống giao thông công cộng xanh.
Longitudinal Associations between Suicidality and Biopsychosocial Factors in Adolescence
Authors: Crethar Maddison , Boyes Amanda , Schwenn Paul , Mills Lia , Prince Taliah , Bromley Kassie , Kennedy Michelle , Driver Christina , Hermens Daniel
Published: September 2024

Importance: Adolescent suicidality poses a significant public health concern, with multifaceted determinants. Global prevalence rates of suicidal ideation in adolescence range between 15-25%; understanding the biopsychosocial context in which suicidality develops is essential for assessment, prevention and treatment efforts. Objective: To determine whether a biopsychosocial model of suicidality, specifically sleep, nutrition, physical exercise, mindfulness, social connectedness, lower socioeconomic status, and sex are uniquely associated with increased suicidality, longitudinally over adolescence. Design: This study utilised self-reported data collected from the same individuals at 4-monthly intervals, for up to 5 years, between 18 July 2018 - 31 January 2024 from the ongoing Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study (LABS). Setting: Data was collected on-site at the Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, or remotely, at the participant’s home when it wasn’t possible to attend in-person (for example during COVID lockdown). A trained researcher was always present.Participants: The Australian adolescent volunteer sample included N=159 participants (n=91 female; 68 male) aged 12 to 15 years at intake who were proficient in English and were not suffering from a major neurological disorder, intellectual disability, or a sustained head injury. Main outcomes and measures: Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents, Social Connectedness Scale, Food Frequency Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, Kessler-10, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas Australia, age and sex.Results: Generalised estimating equations for N=159 adolescents aged 12-17-years identified significant relationships between increased suicidality and biological sex (odds ratio =1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.7, p = .35), poor sleep (odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.3, p = <.001), socioeconomic disadvantage (SES Quintile 1: odds ratio 6.7, 95% CI 1.9-24.5, p = .004; SES Quintile 2: odds ratio 10.4, 95% CI 2.6-40.9, p = <.001; SES Quintile 4: odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-7.8, p = .025), and higher psychological distress (odds ratio 5.9, 95% CI 2.8-12.4, p = <.001).Conclusions and relevance: This research contributes to our understanding of how biopsychosocial factors can be incorporated into targeted interventions and policies aimed at reducing adolescent suicidality.
AI-optimism, vigilance and biases: support and influence from AI in classroom discussions about social issues
Authors: Efimova Evgenia , Nygren Thomas
Published: September 2024

This study explores students’ use of generative AI in classroom discussions about controversial issues. A case study was designed around a two-lesson module developed and implemented by three social studies teachers in one upper secondary school in Sweden. The module was based on structured discussions of two social issues, gender-segregated schools and busing for desegregation, and invited students to use AI-powered chatbots as a source of information. Students’ pre- and post-tests, threads from AI chats, written notes, and conversation recordings were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis. It shows that students’ ideas became closer to AI-generated content. This movement is not ideologically neutral but can be described as a shift to a more traditional frame of discussion that centers around essentialized differences between the two genders. We also describe differences between AI-optimists and vigilant students, with the latter seeing AI as a tool with limited uses. We identify the role of social approaches to information verification in classroom discussions, the challenges AI adds to students’ use of sources and evidence, and how teachers may support students' vigilant use of generative AI.
Global sensitivity analysis unveils the hidden universe of uncertainty in multiverse studies
Authors: Saltelli Andrea , Puy Arnald , Lachi Alessio , Breznau Nate
Published: September 2024

We uncover how the “hidden uncertainty" seen in multi-analyst studies can be tackled using bestpractices in global sensitivity analysis (GSA). GSA allows the discovery of where the missing outputuncertainty is located and of why it has escaped previous analyses. GSA is superior to the existingmultiverse analysis in that (i) uses state of the art sampling strategies to explore the space of themodelling options – the so-called garden of the forking paths – and (ii) reveals how no single variablein isolation is responsible for a sizeable fraction of the output variance, which is explained instead byinteractions effects (second order and higher) among variables. GSA provides a chart for the analystsbefore they embark in their experiment and helps to understand its results after it is done. We makeour case by replicating via computer simulation the study by Breznau et al., which involved 161researchers in 73 teams and was published in PNAS in 2022.
Data analysis planning and reporting for confirmatory multi-lab preclinical trials
Authors: Arroyo-Araujo María , Carneiro Clarissa França Dias , Piper Sophie K. , Wilcke Juliane C. , Ellenbach Nicole , Boulesteix Anne-Laure , Emprechtinger Robbert , Haller Bernhard , Ineichen Benjamin V. , Riecken Lars Björn , Voelkl Bernhard , Held Leonhard , Konietschke Frank , Toelch Ulf
Published: September 2024

Confirmatory multi-lab preclinical trials are a powerful experimental strategy to enable decisions to transition from preclinical to clinical settings. With their complexity, such study designs pose several challenges in analysing and reporting experiments. To address these, we convened an expert group of biostatisticians and biomedical scientists currently involved in such trials to summarise the most common scenarios. Furthermore, we incorporated statistical advice from existing clinical trials’ guidelines and adapted it into recommendations for future preclinical trials. We describe strategies on key topics such as calculating sample sizes, handling of differences between centres, and selecting relevant covariates. Additionally, we give guidance on statistical methods to account for lab effects and proper reporting of analyses. We embed this in a general discussion on remaining open questions to advance the analysis of preclinical confirmatory studies. The provided general, non-case-specific guidance serves as a conversation starter between scientists and statisticians to develop robust statistical analysis strategies for confirmatory multi-lab preclinical trials
Sustainable Engineering through Open Hardware and Digital Fabrication
Authors: Espinoza Hector
Published: September 2024

This article deals on how open hardware combined with digital fabrication fosters sustainable engineering.
Gender Differences in Subjective Wellbeing in Japan: An Intersectionality Approach
Authors: Sawada Azuna , Tsuno Kanami , Shiba Koichiro
Published: September 2024

Background: Studies on genders difference in wellbeing often use narrowly defined wellbeing measures and only focus on overall comparison of men and women. This study examined gender differences in diverse wellbeing metrics across various subgroups.Method: Data were obtained from the Nikkei Gross Domestic Wellbeing Survey—a quarterly survey on wellbeing among a nationally representative sample of Japanese people who are ≥15 years old (from 2021 to 2023; n=9,080). Our wellbeing outcomes included life satisfaction, happiness, the human flourishing domains, balance and harmony, calmness, and interdependent happiness. Gender differences in mean wellbeing scores (men minus women) were computed in the overall sample and within each demographic subgroup, including age groups, household income levels, educational attainment, employment status, family structure, and residency.Result: Overall, women scored higher in wellbeing metrics than men (e.g., the gap in mean life satisfaction: 0.55, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.47 to 0.64). This trend persisted across most subgroups, but there were no significant gender differences among teenagers (e.g., life satisfaction: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.53 to 0.32; composite flourishing score: -0.35, 95% CI: -2.14 to 1.42), individuals in their twenties (e.g., life satisfaction: 0.16, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.41; composite flourishing score: 0.07, 95% CI: -0.97 to 1.11), and unmarried individuals with children (life satisfaction: -0.20, 95% CI: -0.54 to 0.45; composite flourishing score: -0.87, 95% CI: -3.46 to 1.72).Discussion/Conclusions: While women generally reported higher wellbeing, certain subgroups exhibited unique patterns. Understanding these dynamics can inform targeted interventions to promote equity in wellbeing across demographic groups.
Do complex psychometric analyses really matter? Comparing multiple approaches using individual participant data from antidepressant trials
Authors: Byrne David , Doyle Frank , Brannick Susan , Carney Robert M. , Cuijpers Pim , Dima Alexandra , Freedland Kenneth , Guerin Suzanne , Hevey David , Kathuria Bishember , wallace emma , Boland Fiona
Published: September 2024

Psychometric methods can be used to reduce redundancy and error in existing measures, albeit different approaches can produce different results. This study aimed to determine the implications of applying different psychometric methods for clinical trial outcomes. Individual participant data from 15 antidepressant treatment trials from Vivli.org were analysed. Baseline (pre-treatment) and 8-week (range 4-12 weeks) outcome data from the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were subjected to best-practice factor analysis (FA), item response theory (IRT) and network analysis (NA) approaches. Trial outcomes for the original summative scores and psychometric-model scores were assessed using multilevel models. Percentage differences in Cohen’s d effect sizes for the original summative and psychometrically-modelled scores were the effects of interest. Each method produced unidimensional models but the modified scales varied from 7-10 items. Treatment effects were unchanged for IRT (10 items), decreased by 1.3%-2.8% for NA (8 items), and increased by 11%-12.5% for FA (7 items). IRT and NA yielded negligible differences in effect outcomes relative to original trials. FA increased effect sizes and may be the most effective method for identifying the items on which placebo and treatment group outcomes differ.
Impact of Solidification Segregation on the Thermal Stability of Oxides and Nitrides in Additively Manufactured 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Wietecha-Reiman Ian J. , Palmer Todd A.
Published: September 2024

The increasing demand for accurate fatigue modeling of powder metallurgy components in automotive, aerospace, and medical industries necessitates improved knowledge of composition-microstructure interactions. Variations in feedstock composition and thermomechanical history can produce unique microstructures whose impact on fatigue performance has not been adequately quantified. When characterizing additively manufactured 316L that is within nominal standard chemistry limits, oxide and nitride species were observed preferentially in the specimen contour region. Thermodynamic simulations provide evidence of segregation of the low manganese and high nitrogen composition driving this precipitation of these phases. When present in the specimen, they promoted brittle fracture mechanisms during fatigue.
Французский язык для делового общения
Authors: Скуратов И.В. , Баринова И.К.
Published: September 2024

Учебное пособие «Французский язык для делового общения» предназначено для широкого круга специалистов, работающих в области внешнеэкономических и внешнеторговых связей, бизнеса и коммерции, а также для студентов высших и средних учебных заведений, изучающих французский язык и находящихся на продвинутом этапе обучения. Цель пособия – развить навыки оформления официальных документов, ведения деловой переписки; понять проблемы, изложенные в газетных и журнальных статьях; переводить с французского языка на русский устно и письменно; поддерживать деловую беседу на французском языке.
Adapted physical activity: Benefit on oxidative, functional capacity and exercise tolerance of elderly people in Kinshasa
Authors: Kusuayi Godefroid , Tshiyamba Siloé Ntumba , Nduakulu Carel Busano , Nkıama Constant , Bamu Samuel Biduaya
Published: September 2024

In basketball, shooting stands out as a vital technique directly affecting the game results. Identifying shooting mechanics early in a basketball player's career can significantly develop shooting performance in subsequent years. This study aimed to explore shooting percentages based on angular positions of joint parts in the shooting techniques of youth basketball players. Fifteen male participants (average age: 14.1±0.7 years, height: 180.7±7.9 cm, body weight: 65.4±10.0 kg, sports experience: 4.7±0.4 years) voluntarily participated in the study. They were divided into high shooting rate (n: 7) and low shooting rate (n: 8) groups. Both groups attempted 60 shots from the free throw line (20 shots), right forward position (20 shots), and left forward position (20 shots). Joint angle values during the initial and final shooting phases were compared between groups using Independent t-tests. Significant differences were found between groups in the shoulder part during the beginning phase and the wrist part during the final shooting phase (p
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Return of People's Business Credit (KUR) in Taman Sari District, West Jakarta
Authors: Setyarini Theresia Avila Dyah , Hariyanti Dini , Rustam Rinaldi
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to analyze and study the factors that can influence the return of BNI people's business credit (KUR) in Taman Sari District, West Jakarta. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through interviews with 9 informants. Data analysis techniques use data triangulation to reveal the facts of the research objectives. The research results show that the factors that influence KUR returns are financial management which is the main basis for continuity consisting of managing income, expenses, and debt wisely, economic conditions consisting of business growth and opportunities for borrowers to increase income, customer risk perceptions influence take a KUR loan because they have an understanding of business risks and business security which includes physical protection, security and legal compliance. The research recommendation is to build a more in-depth risk assessment model by considering factors such as age, length of business, and gender to provide a more accurate picture of potential credit risk. Develop special programs to support groups that tend to experience difficulties in repayment, such as groups with low levels of education or groups with low income levels. Conduct regular monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of this policy to assess its effectiveness and make changes if necessary.
Structure and long-term changes of polychaete communities of the Varanger fjord in 2003 and 2019
Authors: Rolskaya K.S. , Manushin I.E. , Zakharov D.V.
Published: September 2024

Long-term changes in species composition, production indicators, and structure of polychaete communities for the period of 2003 and 2019 in the Russian part of the Varanger fjord (Barents Sea) were shown. The connection of such changes with climate factors and the influence of the red king crab are considered. The changes in species composition, structure, and production characteristics of polychaetes in the Russian part of the Varanger fjord (Barents Sea) in 2003 and 2019 are shown. The linkage between these changes and the climatic factor, as well as the influence of the introduced red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), is discussed. The results demonstrate an increase in the quantitative characteristics of polychaete Spiochaetopterus typicus M. Sars, 1856, indicating a decrease in pressure from the king crab on bottom communities. The biodiversity indices indicate the absence of negative changes in the settlements of polychaetes in the Varanger fjord during the studied period.
Application of artificial neural network for description of the Earth remote sensing data to identify natural habitats used by European elk, Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758), in autumn-winter period 2023
Authors: Sedikhin N.V. , Vakulenko A.F.
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the results of using neural networks of pixel-by-pixel image classification to decipher multichannel space images obtained by the Landsat 8 satellite. Natural habitats were identified based on differences in phytocenotic characteristics of land areas. The level of use of areas by elk was determined by the occurrence of elk presence indicators, which were the density of winter excrement piles (in spring) and the abundance of winged forms of the monoxenous ectoparasite of elk, Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus, 1758), as measured by the number of individuals attacking the census taker (in the summer-autumn period). The material that forms the basis for deciphering was obtained by the route census method in different areas of the Leningrad Province. High values of the measured parameters were recorded in reforestation areas, in wet pine and birch forests, in aspen forests, on the edges of raised bogs and in overgrown fields – typical elk winter feeding habitats. Based on the data on the maximum values of the measured parameters, a positive correlation was established for the first time between the abundance of winged forms of L. cervi and the physiological activity of the host (the density of the piles of “winter” excrement). The paper also provides a valid reference to the material of schematic maps developed for a part of the territory of the Leningrad Province and Saint Petersburg. The scheme of the use of areas by elk is compiled on the basis of the relative index calculated from the measured parameters of the survey. Field observation areas and territories close to them were most reliably identified (90–95% accuracy). For areas not covered by field observations, the paper provides comments on the main inaccuracies of the schemes and the reasons for the identified discrepancies, based on an analysis of literary sources devoted to similar research topics. The results of the study indicate that the frequency of attacks of winged forms of L. cervi can be used as an additional criterion for assessing the stationary preferences of elk in the winter period using information on the period of active flight, and the decoding method mentioned in the paper can be used in limited areas of specific territories, including reserves, areas of hunting farms and district forestries.
Mobile robots control with neuromorphic classifires of environment states
Authors:   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University (SPbPU), Stankevich Lev ,   Russian State Scientific Center for Robotics and Technical Cybernetics (RTC), Zhuravskaya Anzhelika ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University (SPbPU)
Published: September 2024

The article proposes to implement mobile robots control systems using neuromorphic classifiers, in which biosimi-lar neurons are built on an original neuro-fuzzy model, trained to display the function of the Izhikevich neuron. Us-ing this approach, neuromorphic classifiers of spatial and spatiotemporal patterns were developed. Such a classi-fiers were used in non-contact supervisory control system for mobile robot based on static and dynamic states of the environment. The experiments performed demonstrated the effectiveness of using the neuromorphic classifi-ers, both in a neural interface when recognizing imaginary supervisory commands of the user, and when solving problems of robot navigation in environments with static and dynamic obstacles. At comparative analysis of navi-gation systems implemented using the neuromorphic classifiers, modular fuzzy logic and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy system ANFIS it was shown that the system with the neuromorphic classifiers give the highest average speed of the robot, as well as the shortest travel time. An experiment with the use of the neuromorphic classifiers in the con-trol system based on dynamic states of the environment showed that robot successfully avoids collisions with per-son.
An Investigation into Factors that Determine the Adoption of Islamic Banking and Finance: Evidence from Jalalabad, Afghanistan
Authors: Shah Syed Sajjad Ali , Arab Aqbal , Rhamani Bahirullah
Published: September 2024

The performance of its banks determines a country's economic success, as their key
focus is to give support and cohesion to the financial sector regulation by acting as an
intermediary between various parties such as individuals, organizations, and
governments to conduct depositing and lending money operations smoothly. The
majority of the population in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, prefers the non-Islamic banking
system over the Islamic banking system due to their unawareness of Islamic services
and products. This study aims to investigate the factors that determine the adoption
of Islamic banking and finance in Afghanistan. The factors determining the adoption
of Islamic banking and finance include religious awareness, social influence, relative
advantage, and networking. These factors are considered independent variables, and
the adoption of Islamic banking is considered a dependent variable in the current
study. The data are collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire among
290 respondents. These respondents include employees of different organizations,
students, shopkeepers, and residents of Jalalabad. The collected data was analyzed
using correlation and regression analysis using SPSS 22.0. The findings of the study
revealed that religion, awareness, and social influence have a significant impact on the
intention of the respondents, whereas relative advantage and networking have an
insignificant impact on the intention of respondents to adopt Islamic banking in
Jalalabad, Afghanistan. Most studies suggest a need to educate the public about
Islamic banking services and products, and the Islamic banking system must make
greater efforts to compete with the conventional banking system in Afghanistan.
The Impact of Employee Involvement on Organizational Performance in NGOs in Nangarhar, Afghanistan
Authors: Hamkar Ihsanullah , Arifi Sayed Yahya , Israr Taiba
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to determine the effect of employee involvement on
organizational performance in the NGOs of Nangarhar – Afghanistan. The study
considered employee involvement as an independent variable, while organizational
performance was the dependent variable. Besides, the study was a survey investigation
conducted on employees working in the NGOs of Nangarhar province, of which 50%
were considered samples. The data from them was collected by questionnaire. The
sample was selected using a stratified random sampling technique for statistical
analysis, such as correlation matrix and regression analysis. The estimated coefficient
of employee involvement is 0.074, which is significantly high at 5 per cent. These
positive values indicate a positive relationship between organizational performance
and employee environment. The estimated coefficient of employee involvement
indicates that as employee involvement increases by 1 per cent, this would cause the
organizational performance to rise by 15.4 per cent, and vice versa is true.
Estimation of probabilities of transitions of markov binary input signal of nonlinear system
Authors: Boldinov V. A. , Bukhalev V. A. , Skrynnikov A. A. , Khismatov I. F.
Published: September 2024

The problem of estimating unknown probabilities of transitions of a random Markov binary input signal of a nonlinear one-dimensional discrete system based on estimating the expectation and variance of the output signal is considered. The defined expressions are built on the basis of considering equally probable transitions and the steady-state mode of the algorithm for assessing the state of the system, obtained by approximating the probability density of its output signal by the Pearson type I distribution. An example of comparison of theoretical calculations with the results of imitation mathematical modeling is given.
Interval observers for hybrid continuous-time stationary systems
Authors: Zhirabok A. N. , Zuev A. V. , Shumsky A. E.
Published: September 2024

The problem of interval observer design for hybrid continuous-time stationary systems under external disturbances and measurement noise is studied. It is assumed that continuous-time dynamic of such systems is described by linear or nonlinear differential state equations with linear function of output. System parameters depend on system states and are switched based on the control system with finite set of states. The relations allowing designing hybrid interval observer of minimal dimension estimating the set of admissible values of the prescribed linear vector function of the system states are derived. To solve the problem, algebra of partitions and linear algebra are used. Theoretical results are illustrated by example.
Control of video buffering for videostreams decoded from cyclic structures
Authors: Zvyozdochkin M. Yu. , Mironov V. V.
Published: September 2024

The article formulates a problem of compliance of time inter-frame delays via video frames decoding from input cyclic-structured video stream. Implementation of software buffer or buffers set is reviewed as a general approach to solving this problem. Some methods of implementation of such buffers for video processing and transmission systems are proposed. Experimental research of these methods is conducted; recommendations for use are offered.
How did quarks appear in the theory of elementary particles? (towards the 60th anniversary of the great discovery)
Authors: Vizgin Vladimir P.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the history of the emergence of the concept of quarks and the quark model in the theory of elementary particles in 1963–1964. Quarks have a fractional electric charge and only exist inside strongly interacting particles (hadrons), thus being a completely new form of matter. The development of this model led to a modern theory of strong interactions, called quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which is included in the standard model that is the modern theory of elementary particles and fundamental interactions in the microcosm. It is shown that this discovery was made almost simultaneously and independently by the American theorists M. Gell-Mann and G. Zweig (the term “quark” was coined by Gell-Mann while Zweig used the word “ace” which, however, did not become common). There has been an earlier anticipation of the quark model in the work of Israeli scientists Y. Ne’eman and H. Goldberg. All of these physicists proceeded from the symmetry of the strong interaction, discovered by Gell-Mann and Ne’eman in 1961 and called the “eightfold way” by Gell-Mann. Their approaches differed in the understanding of the problem of the reality of quarks: Ne’eman and his co-author did not believe in the reality of fractionally charged particles; Zweig believed that they could exist in a free form while Gell-Mann was closest to the modern understanding, believing that they only exist inside hadrons. Some features of the process of the discovery of quarks (the phenomena of missed opportunities, simultaneous and independent discoveries, the invasion of metaphysics into physics, etc.) are noted. The article is accompanied by a brief dictionary of special terms used in the article.
External sessions of the USSR Academy of Sciences’ section of Earth sciences, held in the USSR regions in 1964–1968
Authors: Vinogradova Loriana D.
Published: September 2024

On the 10th of April, 1961, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences passed a resolution aimed to improve effectiveness of research at the Academy’s institutions and to identify promising research areas. In accordance with this resolution, the Academy’s structure changed with 15 new sections added. The new structure of the Academy was reflected in its new charter approved in July 1963. Academician A. P. Vinogradov became the Academic Secretary of one of the Academy’s sections named the Section of Earth Sciences. In the new conditions, the Academic Secretary’s responsibility increased and the scope of his duties widened significantly, which demanded the implementation of new organizational forms of work such as the external (regionally held) sessions convened in various regions of the USSR since 1964. This article is devoted to the analysis of the history of these sessions. There were four external sessions held in the Soviet Central Asia and Kazakhstan (1964), in the Russian Far East (1965), in the Caucasus (1966), and in the Urals (1968). The objectives of these sessions were regionally convened discussions of current problems in the development of modern science, coordination of measures aimed to address these problems within the framework of the section, proving help to regional scientific institutions with the organization of studies including those involving the use of new research methods, and establishing close contacts between the scientists from different regions and the academies of sciences of different USSR republics.
A. M. Zalesskii on the construction of the Volkhov power plant
Authors: Kozhberov Andrei A.
Published: September 2024

This publication contains a fragment from the unpublished memoirs of a prominent Soviet electrical engineer Alexander Mikhailovich Zalesskii (1892–1976), a pupil of Mikhail Andreevich Shatelen. This fragment describes Zalesskii’s work at the technical department for electrical engineering at the construction of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Station, the first major power plant in the Soviet Union. The publication also contains a brief biography of Zalesskii, based on his memoirs.
60 anniversary of the foundation of the Department of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Authors: Natochin Y. V.
Published: September 2024

The Department of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences was established in 1963. The first academic secretary appointed was V.N. Chernigovsky. The article discusses the functions of the department, its leaders, and the development of physiology until 2002, when as a result of the RAS reform, 3 departments, including the Department of Physiology, were merged into the Department of Biological Sciences of the RAS. In 2011, a new department was created – the Department of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine of the RAS.
Creative space and scientific trajectory of academician V.N. Chernigovsky – first academic secretary of the department of physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Authors: Markov A. G.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the prerequisites and conditions for choosing Academician V.N. Chernigovsky, academician-secretary of the Department of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, created in 1963. For this purpose, the scientific potential and creative success, career growth and individual qualities of Academician V.N. Chernigovsky within the framework of the methodological approach of “protected space” were considered. He was characterized by a high level of achievement motivation, he had high efficiency, and was characterized by thoroughness and accuracy in carrying out scientific work. V.N. Chernigovsky successfully developed a new direction in the field of visceral physiology and made a significant contribution to the idea of interoception. He worked hard, achieved results step by step, which added up, enhancing their combined effect and creating the basis for his recognition and career advancement. V.N. Chernigovsky had significant administrative experience in leading two leading physiological institutes. Creative space of academician V.N. Chernigovsky, his scientific trajectory and personal characteristics brought him to the forefront as a candidate for the position of Academician-Secretary of the new Department of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Election of Academician V.N. Chernigovsky’s appointment to the position of academic secretary was not an accident, a game of chance or luck. This was the result of his intensive scientific and organizational work, which were predetermined by his personal qualities.
The significance of P.V. Simonov’s “need-information theory of emotions” in the development of modern neurobiology of behavior
Authors: Balaban P. M. , Grigoryan G. A.
Published: September 2024

The current paper shows the importance of the need-information theory of P.V. Simonov in the development of modern neurobiology of behavior. The essence of the theory and the underlying fundamental principles of the organization of behavior-environmental uncertainty, probabilistic predictions of reinforcement are briefly described. The first section reviews the current data on the important role of uncertain environments and probabilistic predictions in organization of behavior. Attention is drawn to the reinforcement prediction error and its significance in the organization of both social and individual behavior, as well as its role in the consolidation and reconsolidation of memory. The second section shows the influence of need-information theory on the development of the theoretical and experimental basis of individual differences, with a scheme presented for explaining such differences based on the fundamental principles of theory. The next section examines the role of need-information theory in understanding the mechanisms of decision-making under risk conditions, and the importance of the theory as a conceptual basis for the new developing field of science – neuroeconomics. And finally, the 4th section considers in detail the model of emotional resonance (contagion) proposed by P. Simonov, and modern views on social behavior, in general, and the altruistic and selfish behavior of rodents, in particular.
Сontribution of academician A.I. Grigoriev in the development of gravitational physiology and space medicine
Authors: Orlov O. I. , Potapov A. N.
Published: September 2024

The distinguished physiologist Academician Anatoly Ivanovich Grigoriev left a remarkable legacy in Russian physiology and space medicine. He was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1997), the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (since 1993), a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2001–2017), Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2008–2017), academic secretary of the Department of Biological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2002–2009), a member of the Bureau of the RAS Council for Space, a member of the Bureau of the Department of Physiological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences (1980), Professor (1986), Honored Scientist (1996), Director (1988–2008) and Scientific Director (2008–2023) of the Institute of Biomedical Problems – these are the significant milestones in the scientific career of A.I. Grigoriev.
Kontrol Otomatis Pembersih Panel Surya Berbasis IoT Dengan Menggunakan Platform Thingspeak
Authors: Renaldi Angga , Nurhaedah Sitti , Anshar Muhammad , Suryanto Suryanto
Published: September 2024

Debu atau kotoran akan menyebabkan penurunan efisiensi pada panel surya sehingga perlu dibersihkan secara berkala. Panel surya dibersihkan dapat dibersihkan secara manual atau dengan alat pembersih panel. Alat pembersih panel masih ada yang dioperasikan secara manual, sehingga diperlukan alat yang dapat beroperasi secara otomatis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat alat pembersih panel surya yang dapat beroperasi secara otomatis dan datanya dapat dimonitor di platform Thingspeak melaui handphone atau komputer sehingga peningkatan efisiensi panel surya sebelum dan setelah dibersihkan dapat diketahui. Penelitian dimulai dengan merancang dan membuat alat pembersih panel surya otomatis yang dikontrol oleh arduino dan dibantu oleh modul RTC. Panel surya diuji dengan cara memberikan tingkat debu yang berbeda dimana data ( tegangan, arus dan temperatur) dapat dimonitor di Thingspeak yang tercatat setiap 10 menit. Alat akan beroperasi secara otomatis pada sore hari setelah data tersimpan (data logger). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat pembersih panel surya dapat beroperasi secara otomatis sesuai waktu yang ditentukan dan pembacaan sensor dapat dimonitor di Thingspeak melalui handphone atau komputer. Penggunaan alat pembersih ini meningkatkan efisiensi panel surya yang berdebu sebesar 2,04% (debu level 1) dan 2,61% (debu level 2). Dengan demikian, alat ini dapat membantu mempertahankan kinerja optimal panel surya dengan membersihkan panel surya secara efektif.
Involuntary Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Double-Edged Way of Remembering the Past?
Authors: Allé Mélissa C. , Joseph Christelle , Antoine Pascal
Published: September 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by severe memory alterations, affecting especially memories of personal past events. Until now, autobiographical memory impairments have been characterized using formal memory assessments, requiring patients to strategically and deliberately recall past events. However, contrary to this highly cognitively demanding mode of memory recall, autobiographical memories frequently come to mind unexpectedly based on automatic associative processes. The involuntary recall of personal memories is effortless and possibly represents a preserved way for AD patients to remember past events. Objective: This study aimed to investigate involuntary autobiographical memory in AD patients and compare the characteristics of these memories with those of healthy controls. Methods: Involuntary autobiographical memory was measured in 24 AD patients and 24 matched control participants using self-report measures. Participants were asked to report the frequency with which involuntary autobiographical memories were experienced in their daily life and to describe and self-assess one example of an involuntary memory. Results: We showed that AD patients and control participants did not differ in terms of the frequency or subjective characteristics of their involuntary autobiographical memories in daily life, except for feelings of intrusiveness. Compared to control participants, AD patients reported their involuntary autobiographical memories as being more intrusive. In addition, more negative and vague involuntary autobiographical memories were associated with greater depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These findings open up a new avenue for research to better understand the extent to which involuntary autobiographical memory might be preserved in AD patients and why these memories may in turn become intrusive to patients.
Understanding Family Caregivers’ Needs in Coping with the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of People with Dementia: A Hermeneutic–Phenomenological Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Mingzhen , Chen Kaiyue , Shi Na , Cui Xia , Yang Zhicheng , Chen Feifei , Lin Xingfeng
Published: September 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are progressive conditions. Family caregivers of patients, especially those caring for patients with ADRD exhibiting behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), undergo significant physical and mental changes during long-term care. While most researchers have focused on the specific needs of family caregivers, the comprehensive understanding of these needs is limited. In this study, Alderfer’s existence, relatedness, and growth theory was used to develop an interview framework to systematically and comprehensively understand the needs of family caregivers of individuals with ADRD. Objective: The objective of this study was to understand family caregivers’ needs in coping with BPSD in individuals with ADRD, aiming to alleviate caregivers’ stress and promote their overall well-being. Methods: This study used a hermeneutic–phenomenological interview research design. Data were collected via remote conferences involving interviews with 17 participants selected via maximum variation sampling. The Colaizzi seven-step method was utilized, and the interview contents were analyzed using NVivo 12.0 software. Results: The needs of family caregivers in coping with the BPSD of individuals with ADRD could be summarized into three themes, namely existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs, and 10 sub-themes. Conclusions: The study findings provide new insights into the needs of family caregivers in coping with patients exhibiting BPSD. Family caregivers experience significant negative emotions, poor caregiving experiences, heavy caregiving burdens, and a desire for professional assistance and policy support.
Snake oil salesmen : snake imagery and the sophistic movement in Sophocles' Trachiniae
Authors:   , Brakebill Samuel Jacob
Published: September 2024

"In the Trachiniae, Sophocles plays on the audience's expectations of a murderous Deianeira to demonstrate the dangers of misinformation. He subverts the traditional role of the centaur Cheiron as a healer and teacher in his treatment of Nessus. One could argue that in placing the emphasis on Deianeira's reckless decisions on Nessus' role as a teacher of pharmaka, Sophocles turns a skeptical eye towards the early Sophistic movement. Sophocles' use of Nessus as a proxy opens his audience to the possibility that the sophists may not have taught for the best interest of their pupils. Deianeira's desire to preserve the established order within the oikos draws parallels between the Oresteia and the Trachiniae. The use of serpent imagery in the Trachiniae echoes the dual associations with serpents in Aeschylus' Oresteia."-- Introduction