bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic-legal framework of artificial intelligence in comparative law
Authors: Andonović Stefan
Published: December 2020

Information-communication technologies are one of the basic characteristics of modern society. The great needs of the today's economy and society for better and efficient products and services have caused continuous development of the technological sector. In that manner, artificial intelligence is one of the most significant phenomena in this sector. Artificial intelligence could be described as possibility of computer programs to replace human intelligence and work in many activities. The use of an artificial intelligence system has provided many benefits to people who no longer have to go to a bank or a store, can organize meetings online and conduct conversations digitally, etc. However, new technologies also carry many risks to rights and freedoms, such as the right to privacy, the right to protection of personal data, the right to liberty, etc. Having in mind the importance of artificial intelligence for modern society and future generations, the author has analysed the normative framework of artificial intelligence. The primary focus of the research is on the regulation of artificial intelligence in comparative law. For that purpose, the author used the strategic documents of the EU, USA and Peoples Republic of China, as a leader in the fields of artificial intelligence. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of future research on artificial intelligence in various legal fields, which will inevitably meet new technological phenomena.
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
Authors: Nikolić Oliver
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the author presents the Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, one of the most important legal acts on human rights adopted by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in Cairo in 1990. Although this Declaration pretends to improve the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it must be stated that it is acceptable only in countries with a population of Islamic faiths. What most threatens the universality of its application is its deep-rootedness and literal dependence on Sharia law. The article briefly describes all the rights and freedoms mentioned in the Cairo Declaration. At first glance, this Declaration provides protection and guarantees many human rights, even more than the Universal Declaration, but all these rights must be in accordance with Sharia law. This mandatory compliance with Sharia law often makes senseless and restrains the real protection of guaranteed rights. Both positive and negative thoughts and views on the Cairo Declaration are presented, depending on whether theorists of Islamic religions or Western countries have written about it. No matter how you look at it, this Declaration will make sense and will be valid only in Muslim countries, without any possibilities to apply it in some other countries.
Andrija Štampar: Founder of the Yugoslav Public Health Service and Yugoslav ambassador to the WHO
Authors: Kuljančić Dušan
Published: December 2020

Andrija Štampar was born in 1888 in the village of Brodski Drenovac in Slavonia, and died in 1958 in Zagreb. He was a Yugoslav and Croatian doctor and scientist most deserving of founding public health and social medicine in the Balkans in the first half of the 20th century. He graduated from the Medical Faculty in Vienna in 1911 with a doctorate in general medicine. Even as a medical student, he wrote articles and pamphlets with the goal of educating and enlightening people about prevention and maintaining health. He began his professional career working as a municipal doctor in Nova Gradiška, and from 1919 to 1930 he worked as the head of the hygiene department of the Ministry of Public Health in Belgrade, and in that period he worked on founding a health service in the former Yugoslavia. He organized more than 250 public institutions important for health work. With his dedicated and tireless work, he tried to establish a doctor as a public and social worker and a national teacher and educator, who is economically independent and equally accessible to all strata of society. He emphasized the importance of preventive medical work. From 1930, his more significant engagement at the international level began. He works as a hygiene expert at the League of Nations in many European countries, in the USA and in China, where he is credited with the reform of the health service. He spent the years of World War II as a detainee in a prison in Graz. After his release, he continued to work in the field of public health and science, as the director of the School of Public Health, dean of the Faculty of Medicine, rector of the University of Zagreb, member and president of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts JANU (1947-1958). Along with a rich professional career in the country, he achieves notable successes in the organization of the public health service and in the world. He has been working on the founding of the World Health Organization since 1946, and after writing its constitution in the summer of 1948, he chaired the first Assembly of this highest health body in the world in Geneva.
An overview of the tourism economic effect in the European Union Member states
Authors: Petrović Gordana , Karabašević Darjan , Vukotić Svetlana , Mirčetić Vuk
Published: December 2020

Tourism has a notable role in the economies of many countries, and particularly in the countries of the European Union, which are still one of the world's most recognized and visited tourist destinations. The paper aims to analyze the impact of the tourism industry on the economy of the European Union. In this context, the paper is based on research and literature review, in particular, statistics data of Eurostat and the World Travel and Tourism Council. The results achieved by the tourism industry are reflected through certain economic indicators: GDP, employment rate, income, the balance of payments, turnover and consumption. The research area is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world, which generates significant tourist turnover and justifies the status of an extremely important determinant of economic development. The well managed tourism industry complements other economic activities and increases the income of each EU Member State, and the tourism industry has direct and indirect, positive and negative economic effects.
Legitimidad y posibilidad del pensamiento: Sobre dos modos de lectura según Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Prósperi Germán Osvaldo
Published: December 2020

En la famosa “Lettre à un critique sévère”, Gilles Deleuze sugiere que existen dos maneras de leer un libro: una que supone un proceso de interpretación y comentario y otra que supone un proceso de experimentación y devenir. En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar que la primera modalidad de lectura es característica de la filosofía entendida como especialización, mientras que la segunda es característica de la filosofía entendida como experimentación. Asimismo, mostraremos que la primera modalidad obedece a un impulso retrospectivo mientras que la segunda a un impulso prospectivo.
Design of high brightness entangled source based on periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal
Authors: Ren Ji-Gang  , Zhang Han  , Cai Xin-Dong  , Yin Juan  , Zhou Fei  , Peng Cheng-Zhi  ,   (1)清华大学物理系，北京  100084; (2)清华大学物理系，北京  100084；中国科学技术大学近代物理系，合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室，合肥  230026; (3)中国科学技术大学近代物理系，合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

Entangled states are key resource for quantum information processing. In linear optics quantum computing，the most widely used entanglement resource is polarization entangled photon pairs generated via type-Ⅱ spontaneous parametric down-conversion. However，the brightness is not sufficient to perform quantum communication experiment between ground and satellite. In this paper we have developed a high-brightness entangled resource based on periodic polarization and quasi-phase marched periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal. The number of generated entangled pairs is about 1.6×104s-1mW-1 and the visibility is 27∶1. Our source is with about one order of magnitude brighter than previous sources based on β-barium borate crystal. This leads to an immediate possibility for applications in the field of quantum key distribution，quantum teleportation and quantum computation. Particularly it would form a solid basis for future global quantum network.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of particles moving in a vortex flow
Authors: Shi Juan  , Li Jian  , Qiu Bing  , Li Hua-Bing  ,   (1)桂林电子科技大学信息材料科学与工程系，桂林  541004; (2)桂林电子科技大学信息与通信学院，桂林  541004
Published: December 2020

The movement of small particles in a vortex flow is simulated by lattice Boltzmann method. The vortex flow is produced by a flow in a cave, and the trajectory, velocity and anglular velocity of the particles are evalnated with the hydrodynamic force calculated by the momentum-exchange and stress-integration, respectively. At last, multiple particles with different radii moving in a vortex flow are also simulated with the hydrodynamic force calculated by stress-integration.
Calculation of the Lyapunov exponent for low frequency noise in semiconductor laser and chaos indentification
Authors: Yu Si-Yao  , Guo Shu-Xu  , Gao Feng-Li  ,   吉林大学电子科学与工程学院,长春  130012
Published: December 2020

Based on wavelet transformation and chaos theory, low frequency noise in semiconductor laser is studied. The feasibility of chaotic noise model is discussed and prescribed in detail based on techniques of phase locus, power spectrum，Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimension. And the reasons for this chaos phenomenon it also explained in theory. The rigorous chaotic character of low-frequency noise in semiconductor laser is found, which loys a theoretical basis for the correlative investigation based on semiconductor laser reliability.
Identification of parameters for metal rubber isolator with hysteretic nonlinearity characteristics
Authors: Yan Hui  , Jiang Hong-Yuan  , Liu Wen-Jian  , Ulannov A. M.  ,   (1)哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院，哈尔滨  150001; (2)萨玛拉国立航空航天大学，俄罗斯萨玛拉  443086
Published: December 2020

The nonlinear dynamic characteristics of metal rubber isolator are studied and a dynamic model with parameters with physical meaning is developed in this paper. According to the experimental results from a setup with single degree of freedom, the identification method for related parameters is researched. The nonlinear function that describes the dynamic behavior of the system is converted to the series of linear functions by using energy method and least square method. The identification results show good agreement with the experimental results and explain the effect of parameters on the performance of isolators.
Effect of substituting groups on electronic spectra and second-order nonlinear optical properties of 8-hydroxyquinolinate metal complexes
Authors: Cai Jing  , Zeng Wei  , Li Quan  , Luo Kai-Jun  , Zhao Ke-Qing  ,   四川师范大学化学与材料科学学院,成都  610066；先进功能材料四川省高校重点实验室，成都  610066
Published: December 2020

Geometry optimization of target complexes were performed at the level of B3LYP/ LanL2DZ/6-31G*, and their absorption spectra and the second nonlinear optical properties were calculated at the TD-B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-31++G** level and B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-31++G** level, respectively. The results indicate that the introduction of conjugated substituting groups of electron-donor and conjugated substituting groups of strong electron-accepter makes maximal absorption wavelength red-shifted and blue-shifted, respectively. The introduction of conjugated substituting groups resultes in obvious increase of second nonlinear optical properties for IrQ3 complexes. The electronic transfer belongs to intra-ligand charge transfer （LLCT） for AgQ complexes, and LLCT mixed with partially metal-to-ligand charge transfer for PtQ2 and IrQ3 complexes. There is no effect of substituting groups on transition properties for AgQ, PtQ2 and IrQ3 complexes.
Spectrum analysis of X-ray based on Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory
Authors: Yu Zhi-Qiang  , Xie Quan  , Xiao Qing-Quan  , Zhao Ke-Jie  ,   贵州大学理学院，贵州大学新型光电子材料与技术研究所,贵阳  550025
Published: December 2020

Based on Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory, the formation mechanism of characteristic X-ray has been studied. A formula of the X-ray wavelength based upon the calculation of atomic number is derived. Error analysis is carried out systematically for the calculated values of wavelength, and the rules of relative error are obtained. It is shown that the results of the calculation are very close to the experimental values. The formula is relatively simple in application.
Spectral transfer function of the Fourier transform spectral imager
Authors: Xiangli Bin  , Yuan Yan  , Lü Qun-Bo  ,   (1)北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院，北京  100083; (2)中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所，西安  710068
Published: December 2020

The spectral transfer function of the imaging spectrometer is defined on the basis of the linear system theorem. The spectral transfer functions including spectral modulation transfer functions and the spectral phase transfer functions of the temporally modulated Fourier transform spectral imager based on Michelson interferometer and those of the spatially modulated Fourier transform spectral imagers based on Sagnac interferometer,Fresnel interferometer, and Lloyd interferometer are deduced. These spectral transfer functions could be regarded as an objective criteria in the spectral domain of spectral imagers. Together with the well known optical transfer function, the performance of the imaging spectrometer could be described comprehensively.
Optical bistability and multistability in ladder-type four-level atomic coherence medium
Authors: Chen Ai-Xi  , Chen De-Hai  , Wang Zhi-Ping  ,   华东交通大学应用物理系,南昌  330013
Published: December 2020

Optical bistability（OB） and optical multistability（OM） behaviour of ladder-type four-level atom in a unidirectional ring cavity driven by three laser fields is studied. Three paths of photon transition are coupled with the laser fields. In this case, the laser field ΩB coupling with two middle levels is very important. When the ΩB is increased, optical bistability threshold significantly decreases and optical multistability appears. The effects of the laser field coupling with two upper levels on optical bistability are also discussed. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of the detuning of probe field and atomic cooperation parameter on OB and OM.
Two-photon area evolution and optical limiting of ultrashort laser pulses in DBASVP molecule media
Authors: Miao Quan  , Zhao Peng  , Sun Yu-Ping  , Liu Ji-Cai  , Wang Chuan-Kui  ,   山东师范大学物理与电子科学学院，济南  250014
Published: December 2020

Taking the one-dimensional asymmetrical π conjugation molecule material （DBASVP molecules） as medium, with the two-photon resonance, we studied the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in the medium based on the two-photon area theorem and the numerical solutions of the coupled Bloch and Maxwell's equations. The evolution of two-photon area is thus investigated and the applicability of the two-photon area is then discussed. A theoretical method for simulating the optical limiting properties of molecular medium is pointed out. The molecular electronic structures and dipole moments are calculated by use of density functional theory at ab initio level. The numerical results show that the two-photon area theorem based on the slowly varying envelope and phase approximations cannot accurately describe the evolvution of the two-photon area in the molecular medium. The optical limiting behavior based on the two-photon absorption is related to the width of the molecular medium.
The research on the dielectric tensor of weakly ionized dust plasma
Authors: Shi Yan-Xiang  , Wu Jian  , Ge De-Biao  ,   (1)西安电子科技大学理学院，西安  710071; (2)新疆伊犁师范学院物理系，伊宁  835000; (3)中国电波传播研究所电波环境特性与模化技术国家重点实验室，北京  102206
Published: December 2020

The dielectric tensor for the weakly ionized dust plasma is deduced by solving the Boltzmann’s equation and equation for charging of dust particles. It was proved that longitudinal and transverse dielectric susceptibility are equal for “cold” dust plasma, the theory of electromagnetic property for the weakly ionized dust plasma has been revised.
Surface morphology of GaN bombarded by highly charged 126Xeq+ ions
Authors: Zhang Li-Qing  , Zhang Chong-Hong  , Yang Yi-Tao  , Yao Cun-Feng  , Sun You-Mei  , Li Bing-Sheng  , Zhao Zhi-Ming  , Song Shu-Jian  ,   中国科学院近代物理研究所，兰州  730000
Published: December 2020

N-type GaN films bombarded with different highly charged 126Xeq+-ions（9≤q≤30） at room temperature was studied by atomic force microscopy. The experimental results show that when q exceeds the threshold value 18, remarkable swelling turns into obvious erosion in the irradiated area. On the other hand, surface disorder of GaN films strongly depends on the charge state q of ions, incident angle and ion influence, and the damage behavior of films is unrelated to the kinetic energy within the scope of experimental parameters（180 keV≤Ek≤600 keV）.For q=18, the surface morphology of the films almost does hot change at normal incidence, and at incidence angle of 30° relative to the film surface, there appears small-scale swelling in irradiated region and a low step forms between the irradiated and un-irradiated regions. For qq>18, film surface is etched, forming a deep dump with a high step with the increase of ions influence. Unambiguous indentations relevant to the ion influence on the step appear. Furthermore, the step height is proportional to the ion influence approximately and is much higher for tilted incidence than normal incidence.
Finite element analysis on stress distribution in buried quantum dots
Authors: Zhou Wang-Min  , Cai Cheng-Yu  , Wang Chong-Yu  , Yin Shu-Yuan  ,   (1); (2)清华大学物理系，北京  100084; (3)浙江工业大学机电工程学院，杭州  310032; (4)浙江工业大学理学院，杭州  310023
Published: December 2020

The stacked, self-assembled and vertically aligned quantum dot superlattices are fabricated by alternating growth of substrate and epitaxial materials, the stress/strain fields in the buried quantum dots can influence their optical and piezoelectric properties and mechanical stability. The distributions of stresses, strains, hydrostatic strains and biaxial strains in buried strain self-assembled Ge/Si semiconductor quantum dot are investigated based on the theory of anisotropy elasticity and also compared with those of free-standing quantum dot. The sameness and difference of the stresses/strains between the buried and the free-standing quantum dots, and the influence of cap layer on the stress/strain fields in quantum dots are given.
Analysis of strain energy and relaxation degree in different-shaped quantum dots using finite element method
Authors: Wang Tian-Qi  , Yu Zhong-Yuan  , Liu Yu-Min  , Lu Peng-Fei  ,   北京邮电大学光通信与光电子学研究院，信息光子学与光通信教育部重点实验室，北京  100876
Published: December 2020

The distribution of strain energy and the strain relaxation degree as functions of the aspect ratio in different-shaped quantum dots were studied using finite element method. The impact on strain relaxation, originating from the shape and the inter-island distance, was also quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that when ignoring the surface energy, the relaxation degree increases with the increase of the aspect ratio regardless of the shape, among which the truncated pyramid quantum dots tend to become steady earlier than others. With the increase of the inter-island distance, the strain energy in the dots decreases, especially in the cubic dots. A good reference is provided by the relaxation degree for controlling the shape of quantum dots.
The divacancy-defect effect of armchair graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Ouyang Fang-Ping  , Wang Xiao-Jun  , Zhang Hua  , Xiao Jin  , Chen Ling-Na  , Xu Hui  ,   (1)井冈山大学工学院，吉安  343009; (2)中南大学物理科学与技术学院，长沙  410083
Published: December 2020

By using first-principles electronic structure and transport calculations based upon the density functional theory, we have studied the divacancy-defect effect of armchair graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges. It is shown that the existence of 585 divacancy defects do not change the metallic characteristics of graphene nanoribbon, while changing the energy band structures near the Fermi energy level. Moreover, the spatial orientations of the divacancy defects have obvious effect on the transport properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons: for armchair graphene nanoribbons with odd width, slanting divacancies defects weaken conducting performace of graphene nanoribbons, while graphene nanoribbons with vertical divacancies defects basically remain linear I-V characteristics and little decrease in conducting capacity；For armchair graphene nanoribbons with even width, inclined divacancy defects increase the conducting property of graphene nanoribbons, while graphene nanoribbons with vertical divacancy defects have I-V characteristics of the perfect graphene nanoribbons.
Relation between charge shot noise and spin polarization governed by Rashba spin orbit interaction
Authors: Chen Hua  , Du Lei  , Zhuang Yi-Qi  , Niu Wen-Juan  ,   (1)西安电子科技大学技术物理学院，西安  710071; (2)西安电子科技大学微电子学院，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

When the Rashba spin orbit interaction is available， the spin polarization along the spin quantization axis is derived form the spin density matrix， with the help of current and shot noise formula based on the scattering theory. Charge shot noise and spin polarization are derived in the case of single channel， and there exists no relation between them. Due to the difficulty in derivation in multichannel， at least two channels， the nonequilibrium Greens function technique is used to numerically compute the scattering matrix， the current and the shot noise of clean two-dimensional electron gas governed by the spin orbit coupling effect. The relation between charge shot noise and spin polarization is investigated separately in conditions of variable bias， spin orbit interaction coefficient and conductor length， which demonstrates that the establishment of quantitive relation may provide a new way to realize all-electrical detection of spin polarization.
The triangular pits eliminate of (1120) a-plane GaN growth by metal-orgamic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Xu Sheng-Rui  , Zhang Jin-Cheng  , Li Zhi-Ming  , Zhou Xiao-Wei  , Xu Zhi-Hao  , Zhao Guang-Cai  , Zhu Qing-Wei  , Zhang Jin-Feng  , Mao Wei  , Hao Yue  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子学院，宽禁带半导体材料与器件教育部重点实验室，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

Nonpolar a-plane （1120） GaN has been grown on r-plane （1102） sapphire by metal-orgamic chemical vapor deposition. The crystal quality has been greatly improved by using the AlGaN multiple-quantum-well interlayers. The surface morphology and the crystal quality were investigated by high resolution X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy.The triangular pits were eliminated completely. The precession of the X-ray diffraction symmetric reflection peak full with width at half maximum of （1120） is 680″.
Quantum chaos in graphene nanoribbon quantum dot
Authors: Tan Chang-Ling  , Tan Zhen-Bing  , Ma Li  , Chen Jun  , Yang Fan  , Qu Fan-Ming  , Liu Guang-Tong  , Yang Hai-Fang  , Yang Chang-Li  , Lü Li  ,   中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家实验室,北京  100190
Published: December 2020

The electron transport property of a graphene nanoribbon （GNR） quantum dot in a dilution refrigerator at temperature 20 mK is studied. The Coulomb blockade diamonds and excited energy levels of the quantum dot are clearly observed. It is found that the statistical distribution of the spacing between the nearest-neighboring Coulomb blockade peaks and that of the individual peak height are consistent respectively with the typical Wigner-Dyson distribution and Porter-Thomas distribution as prescribed by the random matrix theory for a quantum chaotic system. Thus， our results demonstrate that the GNR quantum dot is a quantum chaotic system at low temperatures. The possible origin of this phenomenon is also discussed.
Reproducible low-current resistive switching of metal/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt junctions with a point-contact top electrode
Authors: Gang Jian-Lei  , Li Song-Lin  , Meng Yang  , Liao Zhao-Liang  , Liang Xue-Jin  , Chen Dong-Min  ,   中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家实验室，北京  100190
Published: December 2020

Current-voltage （I-V） and the electrical pulse induced resistive switching （EPIR）characteristics of metal/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt sandwich structures, where the metal is a point-contact Pt or W electrode, are investigated by using a home-made conductive AFM. The structures with both Pt and W tips behaves as rather reproducible bipolar resistive switching （RS） with an RS ratio larger than 100. However W/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt structures shows EPIR under a compliance current of 10 nA and reproducible bipolar RS under a compliance current of 100 pA，which is about three orders lower than the published values and shows the potential applications in low power memory device. Further analysis of I-V characteristics at different positions of sample，under different current compliances， with different contact areas of device suggests that an enhanced oxygen vacancy migration due to point contact induced local intense electrical field， gives rise to a stable RS for Pt/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices.
Magnetism， magetostriction， and M?ssbauer effect studies of Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1(Fe1-xAlx)1.95 alloys
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Ping  , Zhang Pei-Feng  , Li Fa-Shen  , Hao Yuan  ,   (1)兰州城市学院电子信息科学与技术研究所,兰州  730070；兰州大学磁学与磁性材料教育部重点实验室,兰州  730000; (2)兰州城市学院电子信息科学与技术研究所,兰州  730070；兰州理工大学甘肃省有色金属新材料重点实验室,兰州  730050; (3)兰州大学磁学与磁性材料教育部重点实验室,兰州  730000; (4)兰州理工大学甘肃省有色金属新材料重点实验室,兰州  730050
Published: December 2020

The effects of Al substitution for Fe on the structure， the magnetism， the magnetostriction， the anisotropy and the spin reorientation of a series of Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1（Fe1-xAlx）1.95 alloys （x=0.05，0.1，0.15，0.2，0.25，0.3） at room temperature are investigated. It is found that the compositions of Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1（Fe1-xAlx）1.95 substantially retain MgCu2-type C-15 cubic Laves phase structure when xx=0.2 and the mixture phase increases with x increasing. The lattice constants increase linearly， Curie temperature decreases gradually and the coercive force decreases sharply with x increasing. The vibrating sample magnetormeter measurements show that the relationship between magnetization and substitution x is rather ambiguous. The magnetostriction of the Tb0.3Dy0.6Pr0.1（Fe1-xAlx）1.95 alloys decreases drastically with x increasing and the magnetostrictive effect disappears when x>0.15. However， a small amount of Al substitution is beneficial to a decrease in magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The analysis of the Mssbauer spectra indicates that the easy magnetization direction in the {110} plane deviates slightly from the main axis of symmetry with the increase of Al concentration x，namely spin reorientation takes place, thereby leading to the change of macroscopical magnetism and magetostriction.
Accurate optical parameter determination of corn oil with terahertz wave time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jiu-Sheng  , Li Xiang-Jun  ,   中国计量学院信息工程学院，杭州  310018
Published: December 2020

Using terahertz wave time-domain spectroscopy system，we measured the terahertz wave time-domain spectroscopy of the corn oil between 0.2 and 1.4 THz. Taking care of the effect of the utensil，we employed a novel iterative algorithm to analyze the optical properties of the corn oil. In contrast to most of the published experiments，the iterative algorithm further improves the accuracy of the parameter extraction, and we are able to reliably investigate the samples. The results show that the novel calculating method provides a guidance for detecting the quality of seed oils.
Preparation and characterization of Ag-Au alloys/SiO2 composite thin films
Authors: Sun Xiao-Fei  , Wei Chang-Ping  , Li Qi-Yuan  ,   长春理工大学材料科学与工程学院，长春  130022
Published: December 2020

Ag-Au alloys/SiO2 composite thin films （nAg/nAu=1∶0，2∶1，1∶2，0∶1） were prepared with AgNO3，HAuCl4 and tetraethyl orthosilicate by means of sol-gel method and deoxidized using ultraviolet radiation. The results of scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction indicate that the composite thin films are very homogeneous and the size of the nanoparticles is about 10 nm. The results of the optical absorption spectra show that, with the increasing of nAg/nAu, the absorption peaks close to 430 nm, which belongs to the surface plasmon resonance absorption peak of Ag nanoparticles, are red-shifted to the viscinity of 605 and 880 nm, which belong to the surface plasmon resonance absorption peaks of Au nanoparticles. The surface plasma resonance absorption peaks around 515 and 730, 550 and 730 nm, belong to the samples （nAg∶nAu＝2∶1，1∶2），respectively，showing the formation of Ag-Au alloys dispersed in the SiO2.
Resolution characteristic of exponential-doping GaAs photocathodes
Authors: Zou Ji-Jun  , Chang Ben-Kang  , Yang Zhi  , Zhang Yi-Jun  , Qiao Jian-Liang  ,   (1)东华理工大学电子工程系，抚州  344000；南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院，南京  210094; (2)南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院，南京  210094
Published: December 2020

The modulation transfer function （MTF） of transmission-mode exponential-doping photocathodes has been solved from the 2-dimensional continuity equations. According to the MTF equation，we calculated and analyzed the theoretical resolution characteristic of the exponential-doping photocathodes. The calculated results show that，compared with the uniform-doping photocathodes，the exponential-doping structure can increase the resolution of photocathodes evidently. For the spatial frequency franges between 100 and 400 lp/mm，the increase of resolution is more pronounced. Let f=200 lp/mm，the resolution of exponential-doping photocathodes generally increases by 20%—50%. The resolution improvement of exponential-doping photocathodes，as well as the quantum efficiency improvement，is also attributed to the built-in electric field.
Magnetoelectric properties of multiferroic composites with pseudo 2-2 type multilayered structure
Authors: Ma Jing  , Shi Zhan  , Lin Yuan-Hua  , Nan Ce-Wen  ,   清华大学新型陶瓷与精细工艺国家重点实验室，北京  100084
Published: December 2020

A pseudo 2-2 type multilayered magnetoelectric composite of Pb（Zr，Ti）O3 slice array （with base） and Terfenol-D/epoxy medium was prepared by the dice-and-fill technique. Obvious magnetoelectric anisotropy was observed in the pseudo 2-2 type composite，e.g.，the magnetoelectric coefficients at low frequency were about （1.62—1.75）×105 V·m-1T-1 in the in-plane directions，but only 1.3×104 V·m-1T-1 in the out-of-plane direction. The pseudo 2-2 type composite can detect AC magnetic field as small as 10-9 T under resonance drive. The magnetoelectric anisotropy and high magnetic field sensitivity make such pseudo 2-2 type multilayered magnetoelectric composites detect both direction and magnitude of magnetic field，which is of technological importance for applications as magnetic sensors.
Coupling effects of depletion interactions in colloidal system
Authors: Huang Li-Xin  , Gao Hai-Xia  , Xiao Chang-Ming  ,   湖南师范大学物理系，长沙  410081
Published: December 2020

The colloidal system consisting of two large spheres confined in a cylindrical pipeline and immersed in the sea of small spheres is considered in this paper. In this system，the depletion interactions between the large spheres and the wall of cylindrical pipeline are studied by Monte Carlo simulation and acceptance ratio method. The numerical results show that the depletion forces are coupled，i.e.，the depletion force between the two large spheres is strengthened by the depletion force between one of the large spheres and the wall of the cylindrical，meanwhile，the depletion force between one large sphere and the wall of the cylindrical is also strengthened by the depletion force of the two large spheres. Furthermore，through the numerical results，we found that the coupling effect is increased with the decrease of the diameter of the cylindrical pipeline.
Qualitive analysis of supercoiling configuration of a thin elastic rod under tension and twist
Authors: Liu Yan-Zhu  , Xue Yun  ,   (1)上海交通大学工程力学系,上海  200030; (2)上海应用技术学院机械与自动化学院,上海  200233
Published: December 2020

The supercoiling configuration of a thin elastic rod is discussed on the basis of Kirchhoff’s model. The equivalent twisting stiffness and bending stiffness of a thin helical rod are derived. The stability and bifurcation of a thin elastic rod under tension and twist are analyzed, and the results can be applied to determine the stability of a thin helical rod by use of the equivalent stiffness. In the case when the rod is under constant twist and increasing tension force the straight equilibrium can be unstable and transfers to helical equilibrium. When the tension force increases further the straight thin helical rod can be unstable and twins to a supercoiling state. Therefore the forming process of supercoiling configuration of a rod under tension and twist observed in Thompson/Champney experiment can be explained qualitatively.
The bifurcation of a kind of relative rotational dynamic equation with hysteresis and its approximate solution
Authors: Hou Dong-Xiao  , Liu Bin  , Shi Pei-Ming  ,   燕山大学,秦皇岛  066004
Published: December 2020

Based on the Lagrange function, a new nonlinear relative rotational equation with Davidenkov hysteresis is established. Firstly, the bifurcation characteristics of the hysteretic relative rotational autonomous function and non-antonomous function are discussed. Secondly, the approximate solution of the nonlinear function under periodic force excitation is obtained by KBM method. At last, by numerical simulation, several bifurcation structures are obtained, and the comparisons result indicate the approximate solution of KBM method has higher accuracy and better reflects the dynamic characteristic of equation effectively.
Transmission resonance for a Klein-Gordon particle in one-dimensional Hulthén potential barrier
Authors: Zhang Min-Cang  ,   陕西师范大学物理学与信息技术学院,西安  710062
Published: December 2020

The Klein-Gordon equation in the presence of a spatially one-dimensional Hulthén potential barrier is solved and the scattering state solutions are obtained in terms of the hypergeometric functions. Both the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient are calculated from the boundary condition of Klein-Gordon equation and the conditions for transmission resonance are then derived.The result shows that when the reflection coefficient is zero the transmission resonance takes place.
Research on one weighted routing strategy for complex networks
Authors: Chen Hua-Liang  , Liu Zhong-Xin  , Chen Zeng-Qiang  , Yuan Zhu-Zhi  ,   南开大学自动化系，天津  300071
Published: December 2020

The efficient functioning of complex networks rely on their traffic capacity, so it is significant to improve their throughput. We propose a new efficient routing strategy called weighted routing strategy to enhance the traffic capacity. Each edge is assigned a value that is related with its end degree. Then packets are transported across the shortest paths of the weighted network. This kind of paths can more evenly go through the vertices and utilize their transport ability. They avoid collectively passing certain vertices which makes them congested, thus the throughput of the network is improved. It is demonstrated by simulations that our strategy is more powerful than the traditional shortest-path strategy, and improves tens of times the throughput for many structures of networks.
Cumulative damage model and parameter estimate about a kind of time-sharing redundant system
Authors: Zhang Yong-Jin  , Wang Zhong-Zhi  ,   安徽工业大学数理学院，马鞍山  243002
Published: December 2020

Without considering that the component which alternates between operating and storage states periodically is likely new after each repair, the method of equivalent failure time of time-sharing redundant system is studied, and the cumulative damage model is put forward. Basing on Weibull distribution, the model is developed and its parameters are estimated, and a simulation method for evaluating system reliability is also given. Finally, an example about 1-out-of-3 mechanical system is given to demonstrate the affectiveness of the model.
Radiation force of a sphere with an eccentric inclusion illuminated by a laser beam
Authors: Han Guo-Xia  , Han Yi-Ping  ,   西安电子科技大学理学院应用物理系，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

Based on the theory of the scattering of an eccentric sphere arbitrarily illuminated by a shaped beam which is recently presented by us, and according to generalized Lorenz-Mie theory （GLMT）, we derived the series expressions of radiation forces exerted by the incident beam on an eccentric sphere by using the conservation law of electromagnetic momentum and the Mexwell-Tensor. As an example, numerical results of radiation force of absorbing eccentric spheres for off-axis incidence of Gaussian beam are given, along with a discussion about the influence of the beam-waist radius, relative complex refractive index, relative size and location of the inclusion on the forces.
Effect of smoothing by spectral dispersion on the spatial spectrum of focal spot
Authors: Li Ping  , Su Jing-Qin  , Ma Chi  , Zhang Rui  , Jing Feng  ,   中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

The model of laser spectrum used in the method of smoothing by spectral dispersion （SSD） affecting the beam smoothing was theoretically discussed based on the analysis of spatial frequency spectrum, and the response function to the spatial frequency modulation was put forward to describe the effects. With theoretical derivation and numerical simulation, it is concluded that the spatial frequency response function by SSD has periodical property and is determined by dispersion angle and spectrum shape. More generally, spectrum shape was related with the shape of response function, the dispersion angle affects the lowest spatial frequency, and color cycle number can modify the distribution of low and high spatial frequency to change the smoothing effect. Applied to multidimensional SSD, the response function characters can give the guiding principle for optimization.
Design of polarizing beam splitters based on subwavelength metal grating
Authors: Zhao Hua-Jun  , Yang Shou-Liang  , Zhang Dong  , Liang Kang-You  , Cheng Zheng-Fu  , Shi Dong-Ping  ,   重庆文理学院电子电气工程学院,重庆  402160
Published: December 2020

A novel approach to design the subwavelength metal gratings for the polarizing beam splitters is presented. The method is based on effective medium theory （EMT） and thin film optics. The polarizing diffraction performance of subwavelength grating was analyzed by the rigorous couple-wave analysis （RCWA） for the wavelength of 650nm. The numerical calculus is used to analyze the effects of the zeroth diffraction efficiency caused by the grating period, the groove depth, the incident angle and the incident wavelength. The results show that subwavelength metal grating have the characteristics of high reflectivity like metal films for TE polarization and high transmission like dielectric films for TM polarization. Both transmission waves and reflected waves have high polarization extinction ratio and low insertion loss over a wide incident angle range （-30°θλ<800nm）. The optimal design agrees excellently well with the results simulated by RCWA method.
Accurate calibration of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 350 and 1064 nm
Authors: Li Jian-Jun  , Zheng Xiao-Bing  , Lu Yun-Jun  , Zhang-Wei  , Xie Ping  , Zou Peng  ,   中国科学院通用光学定标与表征技术重点实验室,合肥  230031
Published: December 2020

In optical remote sensing, the calibration of remote sensor plays a key role in the quantificational remote sensing. A state-of-the-art highest accuracy standard transfer method is developed, which can transfer the standard cryogenic radiometer to secondary standard trap-type detector, and the absolute spectral responsivity calibration system is set up in the band between the visible to near-infrared in our laboratory. It is required that the process of standard transfer should produce little measurement uncertainty. In this paper a Ti: sapphire tunable laser, doubler and single wavelength laser in 24 interval of wavelengths respectively are used, the spectral responsivity of three silicon trap detectors are calibrated absolutely. The key techniques involved are the accurate positioning and adjustment of the infrared laser and the simulation calibration of window transmittance etc., which have bean successfully resolved. The result shows, in the visible （412nm to 800nm） reqion, the total relative standard uncertainty of the spectral responsivity at the laser lines is less than 0.05%, while in the UV （350nm） and NIR regions above 800nm, the total relative standard uncertainty is less than 0.065%. So the trap detector can be used as a transfer standard detector for calibration of space sensors in the band of 350nm to 1064nm.
Propagation characteristics of an elliptical chirowaveguide
Authors: Xu Jin  , Wang Wen-Xiang  , Yue Ling-Na  , Gong Yu-Bin  , Wei Yan-Yu  ,   电子科技大学物理电子学院大功率微波电真空器件技术国防重点实验室，成都  610054
Published: December 2020

The coupled Helmhotz-type differential equations for a general cylindrical structure containing chiral material were transformed into a pair of decoupled equations, and this new set was solved to find expressions for Ez and Hz with the expansion of the complete eigen functions in elliptical chiralwaveguide. There are no pure TE （TM） or even-type （odd-type） modes existing individually in the elliptical structure if Ez and Hz are coupled with each other. The influences of eccentricity and chiral admittance on dispersion of modes are discussed in this paper.
Tm3+ doped cladding pumped silica optic fiber laser
Authors: Yan Feng-Ping  , Wei Huai  , Fu Yong-Jun  , Wang Lin  , Zheng Kai  , Mao Xiang-Qiao  , Liu Peng  , Peng Jiang  , Liu Li-Song  , Jian Shui-Sheng  ,   全光网络与现代通信网教育部重点实验室,北京交通大学光波技术研究所，北京  100044
Published: December 2020

The silica based Tm3+ doped fiber preform with high Ge concentration in preform core area was manufactured by solution doping method. It was made into an optic fiber preform with cross section of a hexagon by side polishing process, and drawn in to cladding pumping Tm3+ doped fiber with inner coverage layer of lower refraction index polymer. The absorption spectrum was measured, and the technical parameters were optimized. The uniform fiber Bragg gratings with reflectivity of 90% and 40% were written in both ends of the fiber by UV light respectively, and the linear optic cavity was constructed. The laser with wavelength of 1947.1031nm and power of 2.05W was emitted by pump laser excited with wavelength of 793nm and power of 5.6W. It shows that the fiber have excellent optical characteristics.
Research on target depth classification in low frequency acoustic field of shallow water
Authors: Yu Yun  , Hui Jun-Ying  , Chen Yang  , Sun Guo-Cang  , Teng Chao  ,   (1)哈尔滨工程大学水声技术国防科技重点实验室，哈尔滨  150001; (2)武汉第二船舶设计研究所，武汉  430064
Published: December 2020

The cross-spectrum characteristics of sound pressure between two hydrophones deployed vertically are analyzed in low frequency acoustic field of shallow water, more attentions are paid to the cross-spectrum active component of sound pressure when only two normal modes are trapped in the waveguide. The numerical results show that （1） the sign of the sound pressure cross-spectrum active component is independent of range when receiving transducers placed in appropriate depths, so it can be used to tell whether the sound source is near the surface or underwater by selecting a pair of appropriate deploying depth of transducers; （2） acoustic velocity profiles have little effects on the application of this method, the seabed attenuation will limit the detection range, but the algorithm still has a good robustness in the valid detection range. Approximate theoretic analysis of cross-spectrum active component characteristics is proposed in the paper combined with the concept of effective depth, and the prediction formula of appropriate deploying depth of transducers is presented. The theoretic analysis indicates that the sum of the bi-hydrophone depths should be equal to the waveguide effective depth and the sign distribution of the sound pressure cross-spectrum active component is divided into three level regions in an ideal pressure-release waveguide. The theoretic analysis provides deeper understanding of the low-frequency sound field characteristics in shallow water and also guidance to the application of the algorithm.
Diamagnetic effect on zonal flow generation in interchange mode turbulence
Authors: Lu He-Lin  , Peng Xiao-Dong  , Qiu Xiao-Ming  , Wang Shun-Jin  ,   (1)核工业西南物理研究院，成都  610041; (2)四川大学物理科学与技术学院理论物理中心，成都  610064
Published: December 2020

The simple low-dimensional model proposed by Guzdar and co-workers has been extended and applied to study the nonlinear diamagnetic effect on zonal flow in interchange turbulence. Based on the numerical solution to the derived nonlinear equations, we can draw the conclusion: diamagnetic effect suppresses the enhancement of the normal polarized drift nonlinearity, which could lead to the damping of zonal flow.
A multiple monochromatic X-ray imaging spectrometer based on flat Bragg mirror
Authors: Hu Xin  , Zhang Ji-Yan  , Yang Guo-Hong  , Liu Shen-Ye  , Ding Yong-Kun  ,   中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

Development of an multiple monochromatic X-ray imager based on flat Bragg mirror has been reported, The instrument consists of a pinhole array,a Bragg mirror,and a X-ray CCD camera.An array of approximately 300 pinhole in front of a flat Bragg mirrors projects hundreds of images onto the CCD camera afer reflection off the Bragg mirror,which introduces spectral dispersion along the reflection axis. This spectrometer has a spectral resolution of 50—200 （λ/Δλ） according to the Bragg device and processing technique for systematic reconstruction of quasimonochromatic image.Spatial resolution of 10um is achieved by combining it with pinhole imaging system.Specialism software package have been developed for systematic reconstruction an post date processing,it could restructure an image with flexible spectral bandwidth selection.The article mainly emphasizes the characteristic, optimization design of the spectrometer and the specialized X-ray W/B4C multilayer mirror with depth-graded interplannar spacing centered at 2.5 nm.
A constitutive model for predicting shear modulus of metals using aluminum as the prototype
Authors: Hou Ri-Li  , Peng Jian-Xiang  , Jing Fu-Qian  ,   (1)武汉理工大学理学院，武汉  430070；中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰波物理国家重点实验室，绵阳  621900；空军第一航空学院，信阳  464000; (2)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰波物理国家重点实验室，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

With a two-step approach，a pressure，P，and temperature，T，dependent constitutive model of shear modulus，G，applicable to metals was developed in this work. The goal of the first step is to find the relation of G with P along 0 K isotherm，i.e. the functional form of G1=G1（P，0 K），and the second one is to find the relation of G，starting from a given state of （P，0 K） with a value that was already determined in the first step，with T along the isobar of P，i.e. the functional form of G=G（P，T） or the constitutive model proposed by us. In both steps，results of supersonic measurement and first principles calculation were used. Aluminum，as a model material，was utilized to validate the rationality of this model. It is demonstrated that the predicted results of this model are in satisfactory agreement with the measured and numerically simulated G despite whether it evolves along shock compressed，isentropic，isothermal，or isobaric loci，thereby displaying the rationality and the universal nature of this constitutive model.
A study on electronic structure and optical properties of Zn1-xBexO
Authors: Shi Li-Bin  , Li Rong-Bing  , Cheng Shuang  , Li Ming-Biao  ,   渤海大学物理系，锦州  121013
Published: December 2020

In the paper，electronic structure and optical properties of Zn1-xBexO are calculated by CASTEP program based on density functional theory and plane-wave pseudopotential method. The band gap increases in the range from 0.963 eV to 7.293 eV when Be content changes from 0 to 1. The lattice strain and band repulsion affecting band gap is investigated. The variation of the band gap is dominated by a/b-axis strain for x=0.125，0.25，0.375，0.5，0.625 and 0.75. The variation of the band gap is dominated by c-axis strain for x=0.875 and 1. In the paper，p-d and Γ1v-Γ1c repulsion are used to investigate the top of valence band and the bottom of conduction band，respectively. In addition，we also investigate the imaginary part of the dielectric function，ε2 of Zn1-xBexO.