bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a community health worker-delivered care intervention for hypertension control in Uganda: study protocol for a stepped wedge, cluster randomized control trial
Authors: Ingenhoff Rebecca , Nandawula Juliet , Siddharthan Trishul , Ssekitoleko Isaac , Munana Richard , Bodnar Benjamin E. , Weswa Ivan , Kirenga Bruce J. , Mutungi Gerald , van der Giet Markus , Kalyesubula Robert , Knauf Felix
Published: May 2022

Background

Over 80% of the morbidity and mortality related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) occurs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Community health workers (CHWs) may improve disease control and medication adherence among patients with NCDs in LMICs, particularly in sub-Saharan African settings. In Uganda, and the majority of LMICs, management of uncontrolled hypertension remains limited in constrained health systems. Intervening at the primary care level, using CHWs to improve medical treatment outcomes has not been well studied. We aim to determine the effectiveness of a CHW-led intervention in blood pressure control among confirmed hypertensive patients and patient-related factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension.

Methods

We will conduct a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial study of 869 adult patients with hypertension attending two NCD clinics to test the effectiveness, acceptability, and fidelity of a CHW-led intervention. The multi-component intervention will be centered on monthly household visits by trained CHWs for a period of 1 year, consisting of the following: (1) blood pressure and sugar monitoring, (2) BMI monitoring, (3) cardiovascular disease risk assessment, (4) using checklists to guide monitoring and referral to clinics, and (5) healthy lifestyle counseling and education. During home visits, CHWs will remind patients of follow-up visits. We will measure blood pressure at baseline and 3-monthly for the entire cohort. We will conduct individual-level mixed effects analyses of study data, adjusting for time and clustering by patient and community.

Conclusion

The results of this study will inform community delivered HTN management across a range of LMIC settings.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT05068505. Registered on October 6, 2021.
Rapid whole genome sequencing of critically ill pediatric patients from genetically underrepresented populations
Authors: Halabi Nour , Ramaswamy Sathishkumar , El Naofal Maha , Taylor Alan , Yaslam Sawsan , Jain Ruchi , Alfalasi Roudha , Shenbagam Shruti , Bitzan Martin , Yavuz Lemis , Abulhoul Hamda , Shankar Shiva , Janjua Dalwinder , Jadhav Devendrasing , Al Maazmi Munira Mahmoud , Abuhammour Walid , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Al Awadhi Mohamed , Al Khayat Abdulla , Abou Tayoun Ahmad N.
Published: May 2022

We describe a case series of five infants (age range: 1–90 days; 4 females and 1 male) who presented to Al Jalila Children’s intensive care units (ICU) with complex multisystem disorders. Patients were Emirati, Kenyan, Jordanian, Filipino, or Pakistani. Trio rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) was performed on all five patients and their parents within the hospital’s genomics facility. Results were returned within ~37 h from blood sample draws and were diagnostic in 3 out of 5 patients. Positive findings were a homozygous pathogenic variant in POMT1 gene causing muscular dystrophydystroglycanopathy, a mosaic tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p13.33p11.1) causing Pallister-Killian syndrome, and compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the LIPA gene causing lysosomal acid lipase deficiency and Wolman disease. The rWGS analysis provided fast and precise diagnostic findings in those 3 patients and also aided in devising better management plans for them in the intensive care setting. For example, the 3-month-old infant with pathogenic variants in the LIPA gene is now a candidate for an FDA-approved, potentially lifesaving enzyme replacement therapy (sebelipase alfa). Our case series emphasize the feasibility and utility of rWGS in pediatric intensive care setting, in a diverse population that has long been underserved in genomic services. Significant investments in local healthcare infrastructure are needed, globally, for more equitable access of genomic medicine among vulnerable patients.
A holistic approach for severe flexion contracture of bilateral hip, knee, and ankle joints in a neglected patient with prolonged knee–chest positioning on extreme undernourishment: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rahyussalim Ahmad Jabir , Zufar Muhammad Luqman Labib , Kurniwati Tri
Published: May 2022

Background

Flexion contracture in the lower extremity is a common finding in the patient with neuromusculoskeletal disorders. However, severe cases due to prolonged immobilization in knee–chest position are rarely established and remain underreported. This condition is associated with high morbidity and reduced quality of life, especially when it comes to neglected cases with missed injury and late presentation for adequate primary care and rehabilitative program. It remains a difficult challenge to treat, with no established treatment protocol. In addition, other factors related to psychological and socioeconomic conditions may interfere and aggravate the health state of such patients.

Case presentation

A 19-year-old Javanese man presented with flexion contracture of bilateral hip, knee, and ankle joints due to prolonged immobilization in knee–chest position for almost 2 years following a traffic accident and falling in the bathroom. The condition had persisted for the last 3 years due to irrecoverable condition and lack of awareness. In addition, the patient also presented with paraplegia at level L2–S1, dermatitis neglecta, multiple pressure ulcers, community-acquired pneumonia, and severe malnutrition. Prolonged and sustained passive stretching with serial plastering were performed in the patient. By the time of discharge, patient was able to move and ambulate using wheelchair. Progressive improvement of range of motion and good sitting balance were observed by 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion

A combination of surgery and rehabilitative care is required in the setting of severe flexion contracture. Passive prolonged stretching showed a better outcome and efficacy in the management of flexion contracture, whether the patient undergoes surgery or not. However, evaluation of residual muscle strength, changes in bone density and characteristic, and the patient’s general and comorbid conditions must always be considered when determining the best treatment of choice for each patient to achieve good outcome and result. A holistic approach with comprehensive assessment is important when treating such patients.
Mutational landscape of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in Chinese patients
Authors: Nie Yanbo , Shao Liang , Zhang Hong , He Colin K. , Li Hongyu , Zou Junyan , Chen Long , Ji Huaiyue , Tan Hao , Lin Yani , Ru Kun
Published: May 2022

Background

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare and heterogeneous hematological malignancy. It has been shown that the molecular abnormalities such as ASXL1, TET2, SETBP1, and SRSF2 mutations are common in Caucasian population.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 178 Chinese CMML patients. The targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to evaluate 114 gene variations, and the prognostic factors for OS were determined by COX regression analysis.

Results

The CMML patients showed a unique mutational spectrum, including TET2 (36.5%), NRAS (31.5%), ASXL1 (28.7%), SRSF2 (24.7%), and RUNX1 (21.9%). Of the 102 patients with clonal analysis, the ancestral events preferentially occurred in TET2 (18.5%), splicing factors (16.5%), RAS (14.0%), and ASXL1 (7.8%), and the subclonal genes were mainly ASXL1, TET2, and RAS. In addition, the secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) transformed from CMML often had mutations in DNMT3A, ETV6, FLT3, and NPM1, while the primary AML (pAML) demonstrated more mutations in CEBPA, DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH1/2, NPM1, and WT1. It was of note that a series of clones were emerged during the progression from CMML to AML, including DNMT3A, FLT3, and NPM1. By univariate analysis, ASXL1 mutation, intermediate- and high-risk cytogenetic abnormality, CMML-specific prognostic scoring system (CPSS) stratifications (intermediate-2 and high group), and treatment options (best supportive care) predicted for worse OS. Multivariate analysis revealed a similar outcome.

Conclusions

The common mutations in Chinese CMML patients included epigenetic modifiers (TET2 and ASXL1), signaling transduction pathway components (NRAS), and splicing factor (SRSF2). The CMML patients with DNMT3A, ETV6, FLT3, and NPM1 mutations tended to progress to sAML. ASXL1 mutation and therapeutic modalities were independent prognostic factors for CMML.
The GAs Extraction and Analyses system (GAEA) for immediate extraction and measurements of volatiles in the Hayabusa2 sample container
Authors: Miura Yayoi N. , Okazaki Ryuji , Takano Yoshinori , Sakamoto Kanako , Tachibana Shogo , Yamada Keita , Sakai Saburo , Sawada Hirotaka
Published: May 2022

Hayabusa2 returned surface samples from the C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu to Woomera, South Australia, in December 2020. The samples returned from Ryugu are expected to contain not only volatile components reflecting its primitive nature, but also solar wind components due to exposure to space. Such volatiles may partly be released inside the sealed sample container enclosing Ryugu samples due to particle destruction or container heating in a contingency case. In order to collect and analyze volatiles released in the container prior to the container-opening, we set up a gas extraction and analyses system (GAEA: GAs Extraction and Analyses system). The system requires ultra-high vacuum conditions, small vacuum line volume to minimize dead volume and simple configuration as well as having an interface to connect the container. The system includes gas bottles for passive collection of volatiles at room temperature and bottles for active collection at liquid nitrogen temperature. A quadrupole mass spectrometer is installed to analyze gases in the vacuum line, and a non-evaporative getter pump is also used when noble gases are analyzed. The rehearsal operation of the GAEA was made at ISAS/JAXA as well as transportation tests in Japan. In November 2020, it was transported safely to the Quick Look Facility (QLF) in Woomera. It was set up at the QLF and worked as planned for collection and analysis of gas components from the returned sample container. Here we report the concept, design and calibration results for the GAEA and an outline of analytical protocols applied in Woomera.

Graphical Abstract
Geostatistical seismic inversion constrained by reservoir sedimentary structural features
Authors: Chen Ting , Liang Jiandong , Li Pengfei , Cai Hanpeng , Hu Guangmin , Wang Yaojun
Published: May 2022

Geostatistical inversion is a technique widely used in seismic inversion. It builds the posterior distribution by incorporating prior information. Abundant prior information for geostatistical inversion is provided by the spatial variability of well log represented by variograms. However, a variogram can only describe the spatial variability of lithologic parameters at a single point. Describing the structural relationship of rock deposition in the vertical direction (the sedimentary rhythm) requires a continuous curve, rather than one single point. We have developed a geostatistical seismic inversion method constrained by sedimentary structural features to enhance the consistency between inversion results with the sedimentary features of a reservoir. This method first uses sparse representation to learn the sedimentary structural features of a reservoir. Then, the structural features are taken as prior information of geostatistical inversion to improve the accuracy of inversion results. The novelty of our method is that the element describing the spatial variability of model parameters is extended from a single point to a sedimentary structural block. We derive an analytical expression of posterior distribution of model parameters with constraints of sedimentary structural features and realize a data-driven geostatistical seismic inversion. Experiments on synthetic and field data indicate promising results consistent with the sedimentary features of reservoir.
Toward accurate seismic flattening: Methods and applications
Authors: Wu Xinming , Li Yaxing , Sawasdee Paphop
Published: May 2022

Seismic flattening maps a seismic volume from the original space in depth (or two-way traveltime) to the Wheeler domain in geologic time where all of the seismic reflections are horizontally aligned. It provides an efficient way to interpret a whole volume of horizons all at once by extracting the horizontal slices in the flattened space. Conventional slope-based flattening methods that can locally flatten the seismic reflections, however, often fail to flatten the reflections in a global sense and cannot accurately align the reflections across faults. We have developed an iterative method to improve the flattening by using the slopes and correlations of seismic traces. The local slopes, estimated for each image sample, can locally follow reflections but may fail to track the reflections over a long distance or correlate the reflections across faults. The seismic correlations, computed for randomly and sparsely extracted seismic traces, help to align the corresponding reflections over a long distance and across faults. We compute flattening shifts, one for each image sample, by fitting the seismic slopes and correlating in the least-squares sense. We further apply the shifts to relatively adjust the seismic samples in the vertical direction so that all of the reflections are horizontally aligned. We iteratively flatten the seismic volume by repeating the process multiple times (often less than five times). With the flattening shifts, we can compute a relative geologic time (RGT) volume that implicitly contains all the structure information of the seismic volume. An arbitrary number of horizons then can be extracted as isosurfaces of RGT values. Multiple field examples demonstrate that our method significantly improves the flattening, especially across faults and missing data zones, compared with conventional flattening methods. Our method is especially helpful to interpret subtle stratigraphic features (e.g., vertically thin channels) by providing an accurately flattened seismic volume.
The controlling effect of chair-shaped slope break landforms on sedimentation in continental faulted basins: A case study in the Xilinhaolai area, Baiyinchagan depression, Erlian Basin, China
Authors: Sun Tingbin , Wang Ling , Zhang Liqiang , Yang Huang , Zhang Yaxuan
Published: May 2022

To reveal the geomorphic characteristics of the gentle slope zone in a continental faulted basin and its control on sedimentary systems, we have performed the geomorphic units division and comprehensive analysis of seismic facies, well-log facies, and core facies in the Xilinhaolai area in the western area of the Baiyinchagan depression, North China. The results find that the gentle slope in the Xilinhaolai area developed a chair-shaped slope break, which includes four geomorphic segments: steep slope of the depression margin (SSDM), shallow-water gentle slope (SWGS), deepwater steep slope (DWSS), and depression center. The chair-shaped slope break controlled the distribution of the sand body by controlling the water depth and hydrodynamic type of sedimentation. The SSDM was a favorable place for the deposition of beach bars. It has become a good oil reservoir not only because of its shallow burial and good physical properties but also because of the location configured with stepped faults. On the SWGS, the active river current and lake waves caused the deposition of large-scale braided river deltas and shoal bars, which are already the main oil and gas areas discovered in the Xilinhaolai area. On the DWSS, a large-scale slump turbidite fan developed and became a very favorable oil and gas reservoir near the oil and gas source rock. The slumped turbidite fans on the DWSS and the shoal bar on the SSDM are potentially favorable reservoirs for future oil exploration.
Identification and classification of cis-regulatory elements in the amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis
Authors: Sun Dennis A. , Bredeson Jessen V. , Bruce Heather S. , Patel Nipam H.
Published: May 2022

Emerging research organisms enable the study of biology that cannot be addressed using classical ‘model’ organisms. New data resources can accelerate research in such animals. Here, we present new functional genomic resources for the amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, facilitating the exploration of gene regulatory evolution using this emerging research organism. We use Omni-ATAC-seq to identify accessible chromatin genome-wide across a broad time course of Parhyale embryonic development. This time course encompasses many major morphological events, including segmentation, body regionalization, gut morphogenesis and limb development. In addition, we use short- and long-read RNA-seq to generate an improved Parhyale genome annotation, enabling deeper classification of identified regulatory elements. We discover differential accessibility, predict nucleosome positioning, infer transcription factor binding, cluster peaks based on accessibility dynamics, classify biological functions and correlate gene expression with accessibility. Using a Minos transposase reporter system, we demonstrate the potential to identify novel regulatory elements using this approach. This work provides a platform for the identification of novel developmental regulatory elements in Parhyale, and offers a framework for performing such experiments in other emerging research organisms.
Implicit Stereotypes in Teachers’ Track Recommendations
Authors: Carlana Michela , Ferrara Eliana La , Pinotti Paolo
Published: May 2022

We study the relationship between teachers' stereotypes and students' high school choice in a setting where students can enroll in more or less demanding high school tracks. We show that teachers with negative stereotypes toward immigrants, as measured by an Implicit Association Test (IAT), are more likely to recommend lower-tier tracks to immigrant students, relative to natives with similar ability and socioeconomic background. Implicit stereotypes may thus prevent immigrant students from nurturing and developing their academic talents.
Precautionary Liquidity and Retirement Saving
Authors: Briere Marie , Poterba James , Szafarz Ariane
Published: May 2022

Precautionary demand for liquidity manifests itself as a preference for holding assets in an accessible form not because of any current liquidity need but because of a possible future need. We explore such demand by analyzing employer-sponsored retirement saving plans in France, where firms must offer medium-term investment vehicles that cannot be accessed for five years. Some also offer long-term vehicles that cannot be accessed until retirement. Plan take-up is lower when there is a long-term option; more workers opt out of the plan default when it includes one; and when hardship strikes, workers tend to withdraw long-term funds before medium-term funds.
Using Technology to Tackle Discrimination in Lending: The Role of Fintechs in the Paycheck Protection Program
Authors: Atkins Rachel M.B. , Cook Lisa , Seamans Robert
Published: May 2022

We assess the role of fintech firms in loans made through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a US government policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic that provided loans to small businesses. We argue that fintech firms' reliance on technology rather than relationship-banking approaches used by traditional banks helps to address discrimination in lending, at least in part. Using newly released data on the PPP program, we find support for our arguments: while Black-owned businesses received loans that were approximately 50 percent lower than observationally similar White-owned businesses, the effect narrows considerably when fintechs are allowed to provide loans.
Online Tutoring by College Volunteers: Experimental Evidence from a Pilot Program
Authors: Kraft Matthew A. , List John A. , Livingston Jeffrey A. , Sadoff Sally
Published: May 2022

In-person tutoring programs can have large impacts on K-12 student achievement, but high program costs and limited local supply of tutors have hampered scale-up. Online tutoring provided by volunteers can potentially reach more students in need. We implemented a randomized pilot program of online tutoring that paired college volunteers with middle school students. We estimate consistently positive but statistically insignificant effects on student achievement, 0.07 standard deviations for math and 0.04 standard deviations for reading. While our estimated effects are smaller than those for many higher-dosage in-person programs, they are from a significantly lower-cost program delivered within the challenging context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
What Can We Learn from Sign-Restricted VARs?
Authors: Wolf Christian K.
Published: May 2022

I use a simple business cycle model to illustrate the workings and limitations of sign restrictions in structural vector autoregressions. Three lessons emerge. First, such sign-based identification is vulnerable to “shock masquerading”: linear combinations of other shocks may be misidentified as the shock of interest. Second, since the popular Haar prior automatically overweights more volatile shocks, the implied posterior is decisively shaped by relative shock volatilities--a feature of shocks that has nothing to do with their dynamic causal effects. Third, sign restrictions on structural elasticities--rather than just the usual restrictions on impulse responses--can be highly informative.
Signing Out Confounding Shocks in Variance-Maximizing Identification Methods
Authors: Francis Neville , Kindberg-Hanlon Gene
Published: May 2022

Recent papers have examined the dominant drivers of business cycles using variancemaximizing techniques for identification. However, identification is poor when shocks other than the target of interest play large roles in driving volatility at the targeted frequency or horizon, leading them to capture a “hybrid” shock. This paper suggests a simple fix that lowers biases in the impulse responses. The fix is to include theoretically informed sign and magnitude restrictions at the identification stage of the vector autoregression. Applying this to US data, we find an equal role for demand and supply shocks in generating business cycle fluctuations.
SVAR Identification from Higher Moments: Has the Simultaneous Causality Problem Been Solved?
Authors: Montiel Olea José Luis , Plagborg-Møller Mikkel , Qian Eric
Published: May 2022

Two recent strands of the structural vector autoregression literature use higher moments for identification, exploiting either non-Gaussianity or heteroskedasticity. These approaches achieve point identification without exclusion or sign restrictions. We review this work critically and contrast its goals with the separate research program that has pushed for macroeconometrics to rely more heavily on credible economic restrictions. Identification from higher moments imposes stronger assumptions on the shock process than second-order methods do. We recommend that these assumptions be tested. Since inference from higher moments places high demands on a finite sample, weak identification issues should be given priority by applied users.
Improving Willingness-to-Pay Elicitation by Including a Benchmark Good
Authors: Dizon-Ross Rebecca , Jayachandran Seema
Published: May 2022

We propose and validate a simple way to augment the standard Becker-DeGroot-Marschak method that researchers use to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for a good. The augmentation is to measure WTP for another good (“benchmark good”), one unrelated to both the good the researcher is interested in and the independent variables of interest, and to use WTP for the benchmark good as a control variable in analyses. We illustrate the method and how it can eliminate noise in measured WTP using data collected in Uganda.
Identifying Algorithmic Pricing Technology Adoption in Retail Gasoline Markets
Authors: Assad Stephanie , Clark Robert , Ershov Daniel , Xu Lei
Published: May 2022

While recent theoretical literature shows that algorithmic pricing (AP) may increase retail prices by facilitating collusive behavior, there has been no empirical evidence relating the adoption of AP technology to higher prices and/or collusion. One key reason is that information about firms' pricing technologies and their adoption of new pricing software is rarely available. In this paper, we use detailed price data from the German retail gasoline market, where AP was supposedly introduced in 2017. We show how to identify changes in pricing technology using structural breaks in pricing behaviors associated with AP.
Smart Meters and Retail Competition: Trends and Challenges
Authors: Enrich Jacint , Li Ruoyi , Mizrahi Alejandro , Reguant Mar
Published: May 2022

Retail electricity competition has been introduced for over a decade in many markets, but challenges in having an active retail market remain. Universal smart meters have also emerged as a trend. What is the interaction between competition and smart meters? What role can information via smart meters play in these markets? Has it enabled enhanced competition? Or has it further increased the incumbent's advantage? We present an overview and preliminary exploration using an aggregate data set from the Spanish electricity market. The evidence suggests that competition challenges remain large, although some modest evidence of increased pricing innovation exists.
Statistical Uncertainty in the Ranking of Journals and Universities
Authors: Mogstad Magne , Romano Joseph , Shaikh Azeem , Wilhelm Daniel
Published: May 2022

Economists are obsessed with rankings of institutions, journals, or scholars according to the value of some feature of interest. These rankings are invariably computed using estimates rather than the true values of such features. As a result, there may be considerable uncertainty concerning the ranks. In this paper, we consider the problem of accounting for such uncertainty by constructing confidence sets for the ranks. We consider the problem of constructing marginal confidence sets for the rank of, say, a particular journal as well as simultaneous confidence sets for the ranks of all journals.
Is the Partisan Divide Real? Polarization in Preferences for Redistribution
Authors: Nathan Brad , Perez-Truglia Ricardo , Zentner Alejandro
Published: May 2022

There is a widespread belief that Republicans and Democrats are worlds apart with respect to their preferences for redistribution. However, is that partisan divide real? In this paper, we discuss evidence from the General Social Survey and a tailored survey. We also discuss a revealed-preference measure constructed with administrative data. We conclude that the partisan divide is more nuanced than previously thought.
Immigration Shocks and Marriage Market Sorting
Authors: Eriksson Katherine , Lake Addison , Niemesh Gregory T.
Published: May 2022

Recent work shows a puzzle in the early twentieth century United States: as intergenerational mobility decreased, assortative mating increased. We argue that these two facts are causally related by using a shock to intergenerational mobility caused by falling immigration with the Quota Acts of 1921 and 1924, which essentially closed the borders to European immigration. We find that lower immigration caused lower intergenerational mobility, causing assortative mating to increase. We also look at the choice of nativity of spouse, finding that socioeconomic status gradients increase for every outcome as immigration decreases.
Gender Economics and the Meaning of Discrimination
Authors: Lundberg Shelly
Published: May 2022

Advances in economics hold much promise for an improved understanding of complex issues concerning gender and gender inequalities. A more realistic economics of choice based on behavioral economics, evidence of social influences on economic outcomes, and a recognition of the role of cultural persistence in patterns of behavior have blurred our traditional separation of preferences and constraints. However, in the analysis of gender gaps, we have continued to focus on the discrimination versus preferences dichotomy that this work has rendered both conceptually and empirically irrelevant. As the domain of economics continues to broaden, our approach to discrimination needs to change.
Who Are the More Dismal Economists? Gender and Language in Academic Economics Research
Authors: Kosnik Lea-Rachel
Published: May 2022

Research in disciplines outside of economics has found that male-authored articles often exhibit a positivity bias in writing style and are more likely to portray their results as “novel” and “progressive” than female-authored articles. Such positively marketed research has also been found to garner more citations over time. The primary question this research asks is whether writing style in academic economics research differs by gender and, in particular, whether the positivity bias differs by gender. It appears that it does and that this does affect citation rates, to the detriment of articles with any level of female authorship.
Explaining Heterogeneity in Use of Non-wage Benefits: The Role of Worker and Firm Characteristics in Disability Accommodations
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Mommaerts Corina , Rennane Stephanie
Published: May 2022

Non-wage benefits are an important component of employment arrangements, but are not available to or used by all workers. Do differences in firm, worker, or match-specific characteristics drive benefit take-up? We provide new evidence on heterogeneity in use of non-wage benefits, focusing on disability accommodations. Using administrative data in Oregon, we document significant dispersion in accommodation rates across worker and firm characteristics. We decompose the variance in accommodation use, finding that firm characteristics explain substantially more than worker or injury characteristics (29 percent vs. 4 percent). This finding highlights the firm's role in use of non-wage benefits like disability accommodations.
Repair of cars and engines: final qualifying work
Authors: Davdiev Kurban , Omarov Ayub
Published: May 2022

The general provisions concerning the design of production sites of an auto repair enterprise are outlined, the features of the design of production sites of auto repair production are described. The main goals and objectives of the completion of the final qualification work by students of secondary educational institutions, the sequence of its development are indicated. The structure of the calculation and explanatory note, compiled during the performance of the final qualification work on the design of production sites for the repair of various facilities and for the disassembly and assembly of assembly units, is considered in detail.
The issues of technological calculations of production sites are considered in detail. The features of the design of production sites of classes I, II and III are indicated, differences in the organization of work of these sites are shown, the features of calculations used in the development of their projects are given, examples of calculations are given. The development and design of the design part are considered. The measures for occupational health and safety, fire safety and environmental protection are listed. The appendices provide extensive reference material used in the development of the final qualifying work.
It is intended for students of secondary vocational educational institutions in the preparation of final qualifying work on the subject "Repair of cars and engines" in the specialty 23.02.03 "Maintenance and repair of cars" and university students in the course work and final qualifying work on the subject "Organization of car repair".
Eco-combines as a new type of eco-protective equipment
Authors: Ksenofontov Boris
Published: May 2022

For the first time in the world literature, the monograph examines both the theoretical foundations of creating eco-combines based on modeling cleaning processes, and practical recommendations based on the principles of bio-similarity. Possible schemes of eco-combines are given.
New aeration systems for use in various types of eco-combines are considered. Practical examples of the use of new technology are described.
It is offered to a wide range of readers, including researchers, university professors, graduate students, masters, bachelors and undergraduates.
Personality in Russian Social Philosophy: the Genesis of Managerial Thought
Authors: Oganyan Karina
Published: May 2022

The monograph presents the genesis of managerial thought in the context of theoretical and methodological analysis of personality in Russian social philosophy. The formation and development of the integral concept of personality as a prerequisite for the formation of a modern socio-philosophical concept of management are considered. The results of the sociological analysis of the interdependence of the personality type of the head and the management style in the universities of St. Petersburg are presented. The motivation of the social and life success of the personality of a potential manager is substantiated.
It is intended for undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers and practitioners, including those interested in the problems of social philosophy in the context of the development of conceptual and methodological foundations of the model of the modern socio-philosophical concept of management.
Constitutional legal education in the Russian Federation
Authors: Derho Daniil
Published: May 2022

The monograph is a comprehensive scientific and practical study of the process of constitutional legal education, which includes the entire spectrum of public relations related to the formation of objective needs for constitutional and legal regulation of public relations and their satisfaction through the conscious and volitional activity of competent subjects (through the adoption, revision of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and constitutional amendments, interpretation and law-making activity of the Constitutional Court Of the Russian Federation). Constitutional legal education is presented as an independent category of constitutional law, which has its own content, principles, essential features, social significance and a developed typology. In addition, the modern normative model of constitutional legal education is considered and possible directions for its further development are proposed.
For a wide range of readers interested in legal issues. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.
Atherosclerosis: immunogenetic and metabolic aspects of pathogenesis
Authors: Turmova Ekaterina , Markelova Elena , Chagina Evgeniya
Published: May 2022

The monograph presents modern data on the inflammatory theory of atherosclerosis. The information of domestic and foreign researchers concerning the role of the cytokine system, indicators of degradation of the intercellular matrix and adipokines in the activation of immuno-inflammatory damage to the arterial wall is presented. The results of the author's research on the features and patterns of immunogenetic links of pathogenesis in different clinical variants of atherosclerosis are presented.
It is intended for allergists-immunologists, doctors of clinical laboratory diagnostics, therapists, cardiologists, as well as for students of medical universities.
METASTATIC LESION OF THE BRAIN. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Bobkov M.
Published: May 2022

The article provides an overview of the current literature on the diagnosis and treatment of second-ary (metastatic) damage to the brain substance.

Over the past years, Russia has seen a high incidence of malignant neoplasms, with a clearly observed upward trend. In 2019, this figure was 376.3 per 100,000 population compared to 369.6 per 100,000 population in 2018 and 293.7 per 100,000 population in 2000. However, thanks to modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, the life span of patients suffering from malignant neo-plasms is significantly increased, and, as a result, the chance of “surviving” before the onset of a metastatic lesion of the brain substance increases. Today, this formidable complication of the tumor process occurs in approximately 8-10% of cancer patients, while in most of them they are symptomatic. In some nosological forms of malig-nant neoplasms (small cell lung cancer, melanoma), the frequency of brain metastasis can reach 80% or more.
The effect of dust particles on the wettability of some native plants in Zagros Mountains, Iran
Authors: Yasuri Amir Karimdoost
Published: May 2022

In recent years, in addition to pollution from cars, factories and other polluting devices, the country of Iran has been the destination of dust that have entered from Iraq and Saudi Arabia and caused pollution of the climate. In this research, the wettability of some native plants in Zagros Mountains has been investigated experimentally by measuring the contact angle. Sampling of oak trees of Quercus brantii Lindl. species was carried out around Khorramabad city, Nozhian waterfall, Chegheni city, and recreation area of Shoorab forest park. Forty samples of oak leaves, red mulberries of Morus rubra L. species and white mulberries of Morus alba L. species were randomly selected and the contact angle of the water drop on them was measured using a contact angle goniometer and also separately measured by Image J software. Under the influence of the dust, it was observed that the contact angle of the leaf area was completely eliminated, but the contact angle of the abaxial leaf surface had not changed; this change in the contact angle seem to be due to the loss of acylic cyst of the oak leaf caused by the disruption of the photosynthesis operation. Oak trees absorb contaminants. This problem eliminates leaf pores and dry leaves. Also, results show that the oak leaves are hydrophobic and have good resistance to drought. However, the presence of a lot of dust causes water droplets to spread completely on the oak leaves, thus reducing watering to the roots. As a result, dust reduces the resistance and resilience of oak trees against drought. Present study is very important for protection and monitoring of forest health and prevention of the reduction of plant species diversity.
Determinants of the Engagement of Virtual Runs’ Participants in the Co-creation of Customer Value during the Pandemic
Authors: Waśkowski Zygmunt , Jasiulewicz Anna
Published: May 2022

The study focuses on the research question of the determinants and motivating factors which stimulate  consumers to engage in the co-creation of customer value, even though the product they are offered is merely a substitute for the one they are used to. The research focuses on the virtual runs and its subject are the runners participating in the Białystok Virtual Half-Marathon. There are two equivalent objectives of the study: (a) the identification and the assessment of the determinants of the runners’ engagement, and (b) the segmentation of the virtual run participants on the basis of the diagnosed determinants of their involvement.

The article is based on the results of the survey conducted in 2020 on a sample of 419 runners, by means of the CAWI method. The respondents were asked to assess 17 factors related to the customer engagement in the co-creation of value, with reference to the virtual run in which they participated. The Białystok Virtual Half-Marathon, the second biggest virtual run organised in 2020 in Poland, was used as a point of reference for this survey. This run was an alternative proposal prepared by the organiser in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and the ban on the organisation of real runs in the whole country.

The research findings allowed for expanding the theoretical knowledge of the concept of the  customer value co-creation and the consumers’ engagement in this process. The research resulted in distinguishing four meta-factors determining the runners’ engagement and  establishing the strength of their influence on the customer value co-creation. The research also revealed the runners’ motivation for participating in the virtual run. The runners’ involvement was determined by the hedonistic and social factors, though the structure and the strength of their impact varied in relation to the respondents’ demographics. All in all, four segments of runners were distinguished.
Short- and long-term effects of transfers on football clubs' sport performance
Authors: Wanat Tomasz , Leksowski Łukasz
Published: May 2022

One of the important elements of football club quality management is the sale and purchase of player’s cards. These activities have important implications for the financial and sport performance of football clubs. The purpose of this paper is to determine how players transfers affect football teams’ sport performance. Data on transfers and sport performance came from available databases. They covered the period from 2004/05 to 2018/19 (before the pandemic). For data analysis, a series of hierarchical analysis of regression were conducted. The results show that there is an effect of transfers on football teams’ sport performance but it explains a relatively small amount of football club’s sport performance. The impact from a transfer in a given year affects sport performance not only in the same year, but also in subsequent years. However, the effect of transfer disappears when control variables are introduced.  Thus, the general conclusion from the study is that there is no overall effect of transfers on teams’ sport performance. The analyses were conducted only on clubs from the 5 major European leagues and football clubs that were continuously present in the top division. Due to the fact that it included mainly the strongest clubs, the results are relevant for clubs wishing to build up their sporting position on the European market. It is less relevant for weaker clubs. The study consisted of using data over a period of several years, which provides an opportunity to trace the dynamics of change and long-term effects, which is rarely analyzed in the sports literature.
The effect of ZIG ZAG training on drilling ability in extracurricular football students, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Mentara Hendrik , Sarpan Sarpan
Published: May 2022

Introduction.
The main problem in this research is that there are still types of exercises and basic techniques for dribbling soccer players, causing low dribbling abilities.
Objectives of the study.
While the purpose of this study, namely to determine the effect of agility on the ability to dribble in soccer extracurricular students in Central Sulawesi.
Research methods..
The type of research used is quantitative with a pre-experimental method using a Matching-Only Design design. The sample in this study was taken from the total population of 20 people using the total sampling technique. Furthermore, the samples were separated from the two groups, namely the experimental group (dribbling) with a total of 10 people, and the control group (comparison) with a total of 10 people using the AB-BA formula. Data collection techniques and research instruments using a herding ability test. The data analysis technique in this study uses statistical techniques which include: descriptive analysis, prerequisite test, and research hypothesis testing.
Research results andConclusion.
Based on the analysis of the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that: "There is an effect of agility training on the ability to dribble in soccer extracurricular students in Central Sulawesi". This is evidenced by the value of tcount = 1.91 seconds at df (degrees of freedom) = N – 1 or 10 – 1 = 9, namely the value of ttable = 2.268. So it can be concluded that the value of tcount = 1.91 > t table = 2.268. So it can be concluded that the application of agility training has a significant effect on the ability to dribble in soccer extracurricular students in Central Sulawesi.
Validación de cuestionario de satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual para educación secundaria.
Authors: García Castro Raúl Alberto , Chura Quispe Gilber , Llapa Medina Martín Pedro , Arancibia Baspineiro Lili
Published: May 2022

La satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual es un factor clave en la valoración que realizan los estudiantes sobre los servicios educativos que reciben. Por tanto, es necesario realizar su medición de manera continua utilizando instrumentos validados. El objetivo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual (SEV) en alumnos de educación secundaria. El diseño se inició con la revisión bibliográfica, seguida de entrevistas abiertas vía telefónica a profesores y alumnos. El contenido del cuestionario, en su primera versión de 27 ítems, se corrigió mediante la opinión de cinco expertos y una muestra piloto. Seguidamente, con una muestra de 572 alumnos divididos en dos grupos de 286 pertenecientes a siete colegios de la región de Tacna (Perú) se realizó la validación de constructo. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) reportó un modelo de siete (7) factores emergentes que agrupan 22 ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) permitió validar un modelo plausible (X2 /g.l. = 2.219, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.939 y RMSEA = 0.073) de seis factores (Manejo de TIC, disponibilidad medios virtuales de comunicación, evaluación, trabajo escolar, metodología de la enseñanza y vínculo escolar) con 19 ítems. El análisis de fiabilidad del cuestionario reporta coeficientes de alfa ordinal desde 0.88 a 0.926 entre sus dimensiones. Se concluye que SEV es válido para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual en alumnos de educación secundaria.
Profile evolution during photochemical nano-polishing of a rough quartz surface under direct illumination
Authors: Kanevskii Vasyl , Kolienov Serhii , Grygoruk Valerii , Stelmakh Oleksandr , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2022

A model for photochemical polishing of a rough quartz surface has been developed that uses the near field rising above a given surface under the action of electromagnetic radiation. The model allows solving the problem of predicting the results without the need for time-consuming calculations. Simulation of the etching of the quartz surface profile in the spatial frequency domain is used. The features of the surface profile evolution are analyzed, and the dependences of this evolution on the initial correlation length and standard deviation of a rough quartz surface profile as well as radiation wavelength are shown.
Dynamic inverse SNR-decorrelation OCT angiography with GPU acceleration
Authors: Deng Xiaofeng , Liu Kaiyuan , Zhu Tiepei , Guo Dayou , Yin Xiaoting , Yao Lin , Ding Zhihua , Ye Juan , Li Peng
Published: May 2022

Dynamic OCT angiography (OCTA) is an attractive approach for monitoring
stimulus-evoked hemodynamics; however, a 4D (3D space and time)
dataset requires a long acquisition time and has a large data size,
thereby posing a great challenge to data processing. This study
proposed a GPU-based real-time data processing pipeline for dynamic
inverse SNR-decorrelation OCTA (ID-OCTA), offering a measured
line-process rate of 133 kHz for displaying OCT and OCTA
cross-sections in real time. Real-time processing enabled automatic
optimization of angiogram quality, which improved the vessel SNR,
contrast-to-noise ratio, and connectivity by 14.37, 14.08, and
9.76%, respectively. Furthermore, motion-contrast 4D
angiographic imaging of stimulus-evoked hemodynamics was achieved
within a single trail in the mouse retina. Consequently, a flicker
light stimulus evoked an apparent dilation of the retinal arterioles
and venules and an elevation of the decorrelation value in the retinal
plexuses. Therefore, GPU ID-OCTA enables real-time and high-quality
angiographic imaging and is particularly suitable for hemodynamic
studies.