bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulating bilingual language production and cognitive control: how bilingual language experience matters
Authors: Han Xuran , Li Wei , Filippi Roberto
Published: April 2024

The Adaptive Control Hypothesis and the Control Process Model propose that bilingual language use in different interactional contexts requires control processes that can adapt in different ways to linguistic demands. This study explored the effects of language experience on cognitive flexibility and inhibition among 41 Chinese–English bilingual adults. In particular, it aimed to investigate the relationship between spontaneous language production (i.e., bilingual conversation and narration tasks) and cognitive control. Participants’ inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility efficiency was measured through verbal and spatial Stroop tasks, and a colour-shape switching task. Overall, it showed that frequent practices of intersentential switching in speech production resulted in significant facilitatory effects in both verbal and nonverbal inhibitory control. This study provides new evidence for the importance of bilingual language experience in adaptive cognitive control in naturalistic speech production and furthers our theoretical knowledge of the relationship between the language system and crucial domain-general cognitive processes.
Neonatal anthropometric indicators of infant growth and mortality in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bountogo Mamadou , Sié Ali , Zakane Alphonse , Compaoré Guillaume , Ouédraogo Thierry , Lebas Elodie , O’Brien Kieran Sunanda , Lietman Thomas M , Oldenburg Catherine E
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Most evidence supporting screening for undernutrition is for children aged 6–59 months. However, the highest risk of mortality and highest incidence of wasting occurs in the first 6 months of life. We evaluated relationships between neonatal anthropometric indicators, including birth weight, weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ), length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and mortality and growth at 6 months of age among infants in Burkina Faso.

Design:

Data arose from a randomised controlled trial evaluating neonatal azithromycin administration for the prevention of child mortality. We evaluated relationships between baseline anthropometric measures and mortality, wasting (WLZ < –2), stunting (LAZ < –2) and underweight (WAZ < –2) at 6 months of age were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for the child’s age and sex.

Setting:

Five regions of Burkina Faso.

Participants:

Infants aged 8–27 d followed until 6 months of age.

Results:

Of 21 832 infants enrolled in the trial, 7·9 % were low birth weight (<2500 g), 13·3 % were wasted, 7·7 % were stunted and 7·4 % were underweight at enrolment. All anthropometric deficits were associated with mortality by 6 months of age, with WAZ the strongest predictor (WAZ < –2 to ≥ –3 at enrolment v. WAZ ≥ –2: adjusted OR, 3·91, 95 % CI, 2·21, 6·56). Low WAZ was also associated with wasting, stunting, and underweight at 6 months.

Conclusions:

Interventions for identifying infants at highest risk of mortality and growth failure should consider WAZ as part of their screening protocol.
A CBT-based training module for UK health visitors who support parents with excessively crying babies: development and initial evaluation
Authors: St James-Roberts Ian , Griffiths Sarah , Watson Maggie , White Charlotte , Brown Jayne
Published: April 2024

Background:

Parents report that around 20% of infants cry a lot without apparent reason during the first four postnatal months. This crying can trigger parental depression, breastfeeding cessation, overfeeding, impaired parent–child relationships and child development, and infant abuse. The Surviving Crying (SC) cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)-based materials were developed in earlier research to improve the coping, wellbeing and mental health of parents who judge their infant to be crying excessively.

Aim:

This study set out to:

develop a health visitor (HV) training module based on the SC materials, tailored to fit health visiting;

assess whether HVs could deliver a SC-based service successfully;

confirm whether parents gained similar benefits to those in the earlier study;

prepare for a controlled trial of the SC-based service.

Methods:

A training module was developed to enable HVs to deliver the SC materials, much of it provided online. Ten HVs took the training module (‘SC HVs’). They and the Institute of Health Visiting provided feedback to refine it. SC HV delivery of the CBT sessions to parents with excessively crying babies was assessed using a standardised test. Parental wellbeing was measured using validated questionnaires. Parents and SC HVs evaluated the effectiveness of the SC service using questionnaires or interviews.

Findings:

The study produced the intended training module. Most SC HVs completed the training, and 50% delivered the SC-based service successfully. Both training and delivery were disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic, illness and work pressures. Replicating earlier findings: most parents’ anxiety and depression scores declined substantially after receiving the SC service; improvements in parents’ confidence, frustration and sleep were found; and all parents and the SC HVs interviewed found the SC service useful and agreed it should be included in the National Health Service. A controlled trial of the resulting SC service is underway.
Response to Bryan Mercurio's Caveat Emptor
Authors: Denamiel Thibault
Published: April 2024

Bryan Mercurio's brief accurately describes the inflection point of the global trading system as world governments retreat from free and fair trade. Chief among them is the United States, whose recent reversal is sending shockwaves throughout the rules-based economic world order. The United States' conflation of trade policy vis-à-vis China and national security, as well as the use of trade policy to garner political support from voters disenfranchised by the global trading system, have given way to industrial subsidies and protectionist tendencies. This article aims to build upon Mercurio's points and identify the underlying causes and long-term consequences of the current US direction. In addition, this piece differs from Dr Mercurio's assertions on three critical aspects of today's trade landscape. Firstly, industrial policy and economic security measures were first undertaken by China, and the United States and allied nations only followed suit. Secondly, the current US economic policy regarding China is severely constrained by today's political landscape, and the Biden administration's approach is moderate given these confines. Lastly, despite challenges, low-income countries can gain from the diversification movement as production shifts away from China.
Electro-optic tuning in composite silicon photonics based on ferroionic 2D materials
Authors: Dushaq Ghada , Serunjogi Solomon , Tamalampudi Srinivasa R. , Rasras Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

Tunable optical materials are indispensable elements in modern optoelectronics, especially in integrated photonics circuits where precise control over the effective refractive index is essential for diverse applications. Two-dimensional materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene exhibit remarkable optical responses to external stimuli. However, achieving distinctive modulation across short-wave infrared (SWIR) regions while enabling precise phase control at low signal loss within a compact footprint remains an ongoing challenge. In this work, we unveil the robust electro-refractive response of multilayer ferroionic two-dimensional CuCrP2S6 (CCPS) in the near-infrared wavelength range. By integrating CCPS into silicon photonics (SiPh) microring resonators (MRR), we enhance light-matter interaction and measurement sensitivity to minute phase and absorption variations. Results show that electrically driven Cu ions can tune the effective refractive index on the order of 2.8 × 10−3 RIU (refractive index unit) while preserving extinction ratios and resonance linewidth. Notably, these devices exhibit low optical losses and excellent modulation efficiency of 0.25 V.cm with a consistent blue shift in the resonance wavelengths among all devices for either polarity of the applied voltage. These results outperform earlier findings on phase shifters based on TMDs. Furthermore, our study demonstrates distinct variations in electro-optic tuning sensitivity when comparing transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, revealing a polarization-dependent response that paves the way for diverse applications in light manipulation. The combined optoelectronic and ionotronic capabilities of two-terminal CCPS devices present extensive opportunities across several domains. Their potential applications range from phased arrays and optical switching to their use in environmental sensing and metrology, optical imaging systems, and neuromorphic systems in light-sensitive artificial synapses.
Pooled multicolour tagging for visualizing subcellular protein dynamics
Authors: Reicher Andreas , Reiniš Jiří , Ciobanu Maria , Růžička Pavel , Malik Monika , Siklos Marton , Kartysh Victoria , Tomek Tatjana , Koren Anna , Rendeiro André F. , Kubicek Stefan
Published: April 2024

Imaging-based methods are widely used for studying the subcellular localization of proteins in living cells. While routine for individual proteins, global monitoring of protein dynamics following perturbation typically relies on arrayed panels of fluorescently tagged cell lines, limiting throughput and scalability. Here, we describe a strategy that combines high-throughput microscopy, computer vision and machine learning to detect perturbation-induced changes in multicolour tagged visual proteomics cell (vpCell) pools. We use genome-wide and cancer-focused intron-targeting sgRNA libraries to generate vpCell pools and a large, arrayed collection of clones each expressing two different endogenously tagged fluorescent proteins. Individual clones can be identified in vpCell pools by image analysis using the localization patterns and expression level of the tagged proteins as visual barcodes, enabling simultaneous live-cell monitoring of large sets of proteins. To demonstrate broad applicability and scale, we test the effects of antiproliferative compounds on a pool with cancer-related proteins, on which we identify widespread protein localization changes and new inhibitors of the nuclear import/export machinery. The time-resolved characterization of changes in subcellular localization and abundance of proteins upon perturbation in a pooled format highlights the power of the vpCell approach for drug discovery and mechanism-of-action studies.
Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics
Authors: Erlanger Erica , Bufe Aaron , Paris Guillaume , D’Angeli Ilenia , Pisani Luca , Kemeny Preston Cosslett , Stammeier Jessica , Haghipour Negar , Hovius Niels
Published: April 2024

Recent studies increasingly recognize the importance of critical-zone weathering during mountain building for long-term CO2 drawdown and release. However, the focus on near-surface weathering reactions commonly does not account for CO2 emissions from the crust, which could outstrip CO2 drawdown where carbonates melt and decarbonize during subduction and metamorphism. We analyse water chemistry from streams in Italy’s central Apennines that cross a gradient in heat flow and crustal thickness with relatively constant climatic conditions. We quantify the balance of inorganic carbon fluxes from near-surface weathering processes, metamorphism and the melting of carbonates. We find that, at the regional scale, carbon emissions from crustal sources outpace near-surface fluxes by two orders of magnitude above a tear in the subducting slab characterized by heat flow greater than 150 mW m–2 and crustal thickness of less than 25 km. By contrast, weathering processes dominate the carbon budget where crustal thickness exceeds 40 km and heat flow is lower than 30 mW m–2. The observed variation in metamorphic fluxes is one to two orders of magnitude larger than that of weathering fluxes. We therefore suggest that geodynamic modulations of metamorphic melting and decarbonation reactions are an efficient process by which tectonics can regulate the inorganic carbon cycle.
Penning-trap measurement of the Q value of electron capture in 163Ho for the determination of the electron neutrino mass
Authors: Schweiger Christoph , Braß Martin , Debierre Vincent , Door Menno , Dorrer Holger , Düllmann Christoph E. , Enss Christian , Filianin Pavel , Gastaldo Loredana , Harman Zoltán , Haverkort Maurits W. , Herkenhoff Jost , Indelicato Paul , Keitel Christoph H. , Kromer Kathrin , Lange Daniel , Novikov Yuri N. , Renisch Dennis , Rischka Alexander , Schüssler Rima X. , Eliseev Sergey , Blaum Klaus
Published: April 2024

The investigation of the absolute scale of the effective neutrino mass remains challenging due to the exclusively weak interaction of neutrinos with all known particles in the standard model of particle physics. At present, the most precise and least-model-dependent upper limit on the electron antineutrino mass is set by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) from the analysis of the tritium β-decay. Another promising approach is the electron capture in 163Ho, which is under investigation using microcalorimetry by the Electron Capture in Holmium (ECHo) and HOLMES collaborations. An independently measured Q value for this process is vital for the assessment of systematic uncertainties in the neutrino mass determination. Here we report a direct, independent determination of this Q value by measuring the free-space cyclotron frequency ratio of highly charged ions of 163Ho and 163Dy in the Penning-trap experiment PENTATRAP. Combining this ratio with atomic physics calculations of the electronic binding energies yields a Q value of 2,863.2 ± 0.6 eV c−2, which represents a more than 50-fold improvement over the state of the art. This will enable the determination of the electron neutrino mass on a sub-electronvolt level from the analysis of the electron capture in 163Ho.
Identification of CT radiomic features robust to acquisition and segmentation variations for improved prediction of radiotherapy-treated lung cancer patient recurrence
Authors: Louis Thomas , Lucia François , Cousin François , Mievis Carole , Jansen Nicolas , Duysinx Bernard , Le Pennec Romain , Visvikis Dimitris , Nebbache Malik , Rehn Martin , Hamya Mohamed , Geier Margaux , Salaun Pierre-Yves , Schick Ulrike , Hatt Mathieu , Coucke Philippe , Lovinfosse Pierre , Hustinx Roland
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of the present study was to identify a subset of radiomic features extracted from primary tumor imaged by computed tomography of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients, which remain unaffected by variations in segmentation quality and in computed tomography image acquisition protocol. The robustness of these features to segmentation variations was assessed by analyzing the correlation of feature values extracted from lesion volumes delineated by two annotators. The robustness to variations in acquisition protocol was evaluated by examining the correlation of features extracted from high-dose and low-dose computed tomography scans, both of which were acquired for each patient as part of the stereotactic body radiotherapy planning process. Among 106 radiomic features considered, 21 were identified as robust. An analysis including univariate and multivariate assessments was subsequently conducted to estimate the predictive performance of these robust features on the outcome of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy. The univariate predictive analysis revealed that robust features demonstrated superior predictive potential compared to non-robust features. The multivariate analysis indicated that linear regression models built with robust features displayed greater generalization capabilities by outperforming other models in predicting the outcomes of an external validation dataset.
Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Ping Chong Chee , Ibrahim Baharudin
Published: April 2024

Predicting the course of kidney disease in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant clinical and policy challenge. In several regions, DM is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study to identify both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, along with clinical markers and coexisting conditions, that increase the likelihood of stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in individuals with type 2 DM in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This was a single-center retrospective cohort study based on data derived from electronic medical records of UAE patients with DM who were registered at outpatient clinics at Tawam Hospital in Al Ain, UAE, between January 2011 and December 2021. Type 2 DM patients aged ≥ 18 years who had serum HbA1c levels ≥ 6.5% were included in the study. Patients with type 1 DM, who had undergone permanent renal replacement therapy, who had under 1 year of follow-up, or who had missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study. Factors associated with diabetic patients developing stage 3–5 CKD were identified through Cox regression analysis and a fine and gray competing risk model to account for competing events that could potentially hinder the development of CKD. A total of 1003 patients were recruited for the study. The mean age of the study cohort at baseline was 70.6 ± 28.2 years. Several factors were found to increase the risk of developing stage 3–5 CKD: advancing age (HR 1.005, 95% CI 1.002–1.009, p = 0.026), a history of hypertension (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.032–2.8, p = 0.037), a history of heart disease (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16–1.92, p = 0.002), elevated levels of serum creatinine (HR 1.006, 95% CI 1.002–1.010, p = 0.003), decreased levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR 0.943, 95% CI, 0.938–0.947; p < 0.001), and the use of beta-blockers (HR 139, 95% CI 112–173, p = 0.003). Implementing preventative measures, initiating early interventions, and developing personalized care plans tailored to address specific risk factors are imperative for reducing the impact of CKD. Additionally, the unforeseen findings related to eGFR highlight the ongoing need for research to deepen our understanding of the complexities of kidney disease.
Calculating and analyzing time delay in zigzag graphene nanoscrolls based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors
Authors: Sadeqian Ali , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Bodaghzadeh Morteza , Abazari Amir Musa
Published: April 2024

Graphene Nano Scrolls (GNSs) and Zigzag graphene nanoscrolls (ZGNSs) are semi-one-dimensional materials with exceptional electrical and optical properties, making them attractive to be used in nanoelectronics and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. With in CMOS device technology, time delay is a crucial issue in the design and implementation of CMOS based ZGNSs. Current paper focus is on ZGNSs application in the channel area of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) in CMOS technology. We studied analytically, the importance of different parameters on time delay reduction, resulting in faster switching and higher frequency in integrated circuits (ICs). The results of this research demonstrates that, the ZGNS-based CMOS proves considerable variations in the current due to the geometrical parameters, such as chirality number, channel length, and nanoscroll length which can be engineered to produce faster ICs.
Urban methane emission monitoring across North America using TROPOMI data: an analytical inversion approach
Authors: Hemati Mohammadali , Mahdianpari Masoud , Nassar Ray , Shiri Hodjat , Mohammadimanesh Fariba
Published: April 2024

Monitoring methane emissions is crucial in mitigating climate change as it has a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of about 12 years and a significant radiative forcing impact. To measure the impact of methane-controlling policies and techniques, a deep understanding of methane emissions is of great importance. Remote sensing offers scalable approaches for monitoring methane emissions at various scales, from point-source high-resolution monitoring to regional and global estimates. The TROPOMI satellite instrument provides daily XCH4 data globally, offering the opportunity to monitor methane at a moderate spatial resolution with an acceptable level of sensitivity. To infer emissions from TROPOMI data, we used the prior emission estimates from global and national inventories and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to simulate atmospheric methane along with actual observations of TROPOMI. In this study, methane emissions from Toronto, Montreal, New York, Los Angeles, Houston, and Mexico City have been estimated using the analytical solution of Bayesian inversion using the cloud-based Integrated Methane Inversion (IMI) framework. Using the result from ensemble inversions, and city boundaries, the average total emissions were as follows: Toronto 230.52 Gg a−1, Montreal 111.54 Gg a−1, New York 144.38 Gg a−1, Los Angeles 207.03 Gg a−1, Houston 650.16 Gg a−1, and Mexico City 280.81 Gg a−1. The resulting gridded scale factors ranged from 0.22 to 6.2, implying methane prior emission underestimations in most of these cities. As such, this study underscores the key role of remote sensing in accurately assessing urban methane emissions, informing essential climate mitigation efforts.
Maternal and foetal complications of pregestational and gestational diabetes: a descriptive, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oros Ruiz Miriam , Perejón López Daniel , Serna Arnaiz Catalina , Siscart Viladegut Júlia , Àngel Baldó Joan , Sol Joaquim
Published: April 2024

Gestational diabetes is characterized by hyperglycaemia diagnosed during pregnancy. Gestational and pregestational diabetes can have deleterious effects during pregnancy and perinatally. The baby's weight is frequently above average and might reach macrosomia (≥ 4 kg), which can reduce pregnancy time causing preterm births, and increase foetal-pelvic disproportion which often requires delivery by caesarean section. Foetal-pelvic disproportion due to the baby’s weight can also cause foetal distress resulting in lower Apgar scores. To analyse the association between pregestational and gestational diabetes with maternal and foetal risk. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in women pregnant between 2012 and 2018 in the region of Lleida. Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used. The multivariate analysis showed statistically significant associations between pregestational diabetes and: prematurity (OR 2.4); caesarean section (OR 1.4); moderate (OR 1.3), high (OR 3.3) and very high (OR 1.7) risk pregnancies; and birth weight ≥ 4000 g (macrosomia) (OR 1.7). In getational diabetes the multivariate analysis show significant association with: caesarean section (OR 1.5); moderate (OR 1.7), high (OR 1.7) and very high (OR 1.8) risk pregnancies and lower 1-minuto Apgar score (OR 1.5). Pregestational and gestational diabetes increase: pregnancy risk, caesarean sections, prematurity, low Apgar scores, and macrosomia.
De novo reconstruction of a functional in vivo-like equine endometrium using collagen-based tissue engineering
Authors: Santiviparat Sawita , Swangchan-Uthai Theerawat , Stout Tom A. E. , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Setthawong Piyathip , Taephatthanasagon Teeanutree , Rodprasert Watchareewan , Sawangmake Chenphop , Tharasanit Theerawat
Published: April 2024

To better understand molecular aspects of equine endometrial function, there is a need for advanced in vitro culture systems that more closely imitate the intricate 3-dimensional (3D) in vivo endometrial structure than current techniques. However, development of a 3D in vitro model of this complex tissue is challenging. This study aimed to develop an in vitro 3D endometrial tissue (3D-ET) with an epithelial cell phenotype optimized by treatment with a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Equine endometrial epithelial (eECs) and mesenchymal stromal (eMSCs) cells were isolated separately, and eECs cultured in various concentrations of Rock inhibitor (0, 5, 10 µmol) in epithelial medium (EC-medium) containing 10% knock-out serum replacement (KSR). The optimal concentration of Rock inhibitor for enhancing eEC proliferation and viability was 10 µM. However, 10 µM Rock inhibitor in the 10% KSR EC-medium was able to maintain mucin1 (Muc1) gene expression for only a short period. In contrast, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was able to maintain Muc1 gene expression for longer culture durations. An in vitro 3D-ET was successfully constructed using a collagen-based scaffold to support the eECs and eMSCs. The 3D-ET closely mimicked in vivo endometrium by displaying gland-like eEC-derived structures positive for the endometrial gland marker, Fork headbox A2 (FOXA2), and by mimicking the 3D morphology of the stromal compartment. In addition, the 3D-ET expressed the secretory protein MUC1 on its glandular epithelial surface and responded to LPS challenge by upregulating the expression of the interleukin-6 (IL6) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) genes (P < 0.01), along with an increase in their secretory products, IL-6 (P < 0.01) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2α) (P < 0.001) respectively. In the future, this culture system can be used to study both normal physiology and pathological processes of the equine endometrium.
Serum micro-RNAs with mutation-targeted RNA modification: a potent cancer detection tool constructed using an optimized machine learning workflow
Authors: Liao Wei , Xu Yuyan , Pan Mingxin , Chen Huanwei
Published: April 2024

RNA modifications affect fundamental biological processes and diseases and are a research hotspot. Several micro-RNAs (miRNAs) exhibit genetic variant-targeted RNA modifications that can greatly alter their biofunctions and influence their effect on cancer. Therefore, the potential role of these miRNAs in cancer can be implicated in new prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, we determined whether RMvar-related miRNAs were closely associated with tumorigenesis and identified cancer-specific signatures based on these miRNAs with variants targeting RNA modifications using an optimized machine learning workflow. An effective machine learning workflow, combining least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses, recursive feature elimination, and nine types of machine learning algorithms, was used to screen candidate miRNAs from 504 serum RMvar-related miRNAs and construct a diagnostic signature for cancer detection based on 43,047 clinical samples (with an area under the curve value of 0.998, specificity of 93.1%, and sensitivity of 99.3% in the validation cohort). This signature demonstrated a satisfactory diagnostic performance for certain cancers and different conditions, including distinguishing early-stage tumors. Our study revealed the close relationship between RMvar-related miRNAs and tumors and proposed an effective cancer screening tool.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival of elderly patients with unresected gastric cancer who received chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Qi , Shen Kexin , Fei Bingyuan , Wei Mengqiang , Ge Xinbin , Xie Zhongshi
Published: April 2024

This investigation aimed to explore the prognostic factors in elderly patients with unresected gastric cancer (GC) who have received chemotherapy and to develop a nomogram for predicting their cancer-specific survival (CSS). Elderly gastric cancer patients who have received chemotherapy but no surgery in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study. Cox analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors, leading to the formulation of a nomogram. The nomogram was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves. The findings elucidated six prognostic factors encompassing grade, histology, M stage, radiotherapy, tumor size, and T stage, culminating in the development of a nomogram. The ROC curve indicated that the area under curve of the nomogram used to predict CSS for 3, 4, and 5 years in the training queue as 0.689, 0.708, and 0.731, and in the validation queue, as 0.666, 0.693, and 0.708. The calibration curve indicated a high degree of consistency between actual and predicted CSS for 3, 4, and 5 years. This nomogram created to predict the CSS of elderly patients with unresected GC who have received chemotherapy could significantly enhance treatment accuracy.
Explainable prediction of node labels in multilayer networks: a case study of turnover prediction in organizations
Authors: Gadár László , Abonyi János
Published: April 2024

In real-world classification problems, it is important to build accurate prediction models and provide information that can improve decision-making. Decision-support tools are often based on network models, and this article uses information encoded by social networks to solve the problem of employer turnover. However, understanding the factors behind black-box prediction models can be challenging. Our question was about the predictability of employee turnover, given information from the multilayer network that describes collaborations and perceptions that assess the performance of organizations that indicate the success of cooperation. Our goal was to develop an accurate prediction procedure, preserve the interpretability of the classification, and capture the wide variety of specific reasons that explain positive cases. After a feature engineering, we identified variables with the best predictive power using decision trees and ranked them based on their added value considering their frequent co-occurrence. We applied the Random Forest using the SMOTE balancing technique for prediction. We calculated the SHAP values to identify the variables that contribute the most to individual predictions. As a last step, we clustered the sample based on SHAP values to fine-tune the explanations for quitting due to different background factors.
Learning peptide properties with positive examples only
Authors: Ansari Mehrad , White Andrew D.
Published: April 2024

Using no negative examples, we create a semi-supervised learning framework to discover peptide sequences that are likely to map to certain antimicrobial properties via positive-unlabeled learning (PU).
Extrapolation validation (EV): a universal validation method for mitigating machine learning extrapolation risk
Authors: Yu Mengxian , Zhou Yin-Ning , Wang Qiang , Yan Fangyou
Published: April 2024

A generic machine learning model validation method named extrapolation validation (EV) has been proposed, which evaluates the trustworthiness of model predictions to mitigate the extrapolation risk before the model transitions to applications.
Microflow sensing and control using an in-channel birefringent biomembrane
Authors: Jia Nan , Deng Tianyang , Larouche Charles , Galstian Tigran , Bégin-Drolet André , Greener Jesse
Published: April 2024

We report a flow sensitive birefringent in-channel chitosan micromembrane. Using a simple cross-polarizer and a calibration curve, the membrane functions as a flow rate meter, which also works as a feedback element for a flow control system.
Isolation and characterization of novel degradation products in fenoverine by LC-QTOF-MS/MS, LC-MSn and 2D-NMR
Authors: Raju Ch Krishnam , Kumar J. V. Shanmukha , Yesudas Kada , Palusa Sanath Kumar Goud
Published: April 2024

Fenoverine was subjected to stress studies under various conditions to evaluate its degradation profile. The drug is highly susceptible to oxidative and alkaline stress conditions at room temperature, which resulted in five oxidative degradants and two alkaline degradants.
Insight into the probability of ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as the functional electrolyte additive in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Yu , Zhang Shun , Shi Lu , Zhang Jie-Yu , Song Ke-Meng , Li Jin-Chun , Zeng Fang-Lei
Published: April 2024

Enhancing the flame retardancy of electrolytes and the stability of lithium anodes is of great significance to improve the safety performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Augmented reality meets Peer instruction
Authors: Elford Daniel , Jones Garth A. , Lancaster Simon J.
Published: April 2024

Peer Instruction (PI), a student-centred teaching method, engages students during class through structured, frequent questioning, facilitated by classroom response systems. The central feature of PI is the ConcepTest, a question designed to help resolve student misconceptions around the subject content. Within our coordination chemistry PI session, we provide students two opportunities to answer each question – once after a round of individual reflection, and then again after a round of augmented reality (AR)-supported peer discussion. The second round provides students with the opportunity to “switch” their original response to a different answer. The percentage of right answers typically increase after peer discussion: most students who answer incorrectly in the individual round switch to the correct answer after the peer discussion. For the six questions posed, we analysed students’ discussions, in addition to their interactions with our AR tool. Furthermore, we analyse students’ self-efficacy, and how this, in addition to factors such as ConcepTest difficulty influence response switching. For this study, we found that students are more likely to switch their responses for more difficult questions, as measured using the approach of Item Response Theory. Students with high pre-session self-efficacy switched from right-to-wrong (p < 0.05) and wrong-to-different wrong less often, and switched from wrong-to-right more often than students with low self-efficacy. Students with a low assessment of their problem solving and science communication abilities were significantly more likely to switch their responses from right to wrong than students with a high assessment of those abilities. Analysis of dialogues revealed evidence of the activation of knowledge elements and control structures.
Tuning the ion conductivity of Zr-based metal–organic framework ionogels by linker functionalization
Authors: Ferbezar Antonija , Zettl Roman , Hogrefe Katharina , Fitzek Harald , Gadermaier Bernhard , Wilkening H. Martin R. , Hanzu Ilie
Published: April 2024

The conductivity of ionogels, made by embedding an ionic liquid into lithium alkoxide-grafted MOFs from the UiO-66 family, can be improved by 6 orders of magnitude.
NIR-I emissive cyanine derived molecular probe for selective monitoring of hepatic albumin levels during hyperglycemia
Authors: Biswas Bidisha , Dogra Surbhi , Sen Aniket , Murugan N. Arul , Dhingra Pooja , Jaswal Kajal , Mondal Prosenjit , Ghosh Subrata
Published: April 2024

Here we report a NIR-I emissive optical marker BI-CyG derived from cyanine to trace hepatic albumin variation during hyperglycemia.
Precise prostate cancer diagnosis using fluorescent nanoprobes for detecting PSA and PSMA in serum
Authors: Ouyang Mingyi , Jia Ming , Chang Zixuan , Wang Yinian , Wang Keyi , Gao Xiaonan , Tang Bo
Published: April 2024

Novel Au–Se bond-based nanoprobes were designed for concurrent detection of PSA and PSMA in serum samples, aiming to enhance the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Bulk ferromagnetism in cleavable van der Waals telluride NbFeTe2
Authors: Stepanova Anna V. , Mironov Andrei V. , Bogach Alexey V. , Azarevich Andrey N. , Presniakov Igor A. , Sobolev Alexey V. , Pankratov Denis A. , Zayakhanov Vladimir A. , Starchikov Sergey S. , Verchenko Valeriy Yu. , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: April 2024

NbFeTe2 with a novel monoclinic crystal structure is a promising two-dimensional van der Waals material with a ferromagnetic and metallic ground state.
Ultrafast control of the LnF+/LnO+ ratio from Ln(hfac)3
Authors: Chen Jiangchao , Xing Xi , Rey-de-Castro Roberto , Rabitz Herschel
Published: April 2024

Shaped fs laser pulses control the fragmentation products of a lanthanide complex.
Dissociation of HeH+ in the electronic ground state using shaped mid-IR laser pulses
Authors: Effersø Kasper L. , Henriksen Niels E.
Published: April 2024

We investigate, for a range of laser-pulse parameters, the efficacy of phase-only pulse shaping for the dissociation of HeH+. The numerical results show that pulse shaping is most effective at low pulse energies and broad spectral bandwidths.
Highly cytotoxic Cu(ii) terpyridine complexes as chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Ni Kaixin , Montesdeoca Nicolás , Karges Johannes
Published: April 2024

This article reports on chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of Cu(ii) terpyridine complexes as chemotherapeutic drug candidates. The metal complexes were found to be highly cytotoxic in the nanomolar range against a variety of cancer cells.
The selective oxidation of thioanisole to sulfoxide using a highly efficient electroenzymatic cascade system
Authors: Zhu Xuefang , Liu Xiyue , Ding Yu , Li Shuni , Jiang Yucheng , Chen Yu
Published: April 2024

Construction of an electroenzymatic cascade catalytic system based on a CPO-ILEMB@NMCNs-PEI biohybrid for selective oxidation of thioanisole to methyl phenyl sulfoxide with high catalytic activity.
Facile preparation of lignocellulosic xerogels by alkali freezing and ambient drying
Authors: Huang Qiaoling , Li Zerong , Hu Jialong , Wang Wei , Li Wei
Published: April 2024

Alkali freezing caused fiber gelation through enhanced fiber swelling and hydrogen bonding. Lignin in the fibers reduced capillary forces during ambient drying. Similarly structured xerogels could be generated using recycled NaOH solution.
Advanced sequencing-based high-throughput and long-read single-cell transcriptome analysis
Authors: Huang Shanqing , Shi Weixiong , Li Shiyu , Fan Qian , Yang Chaoyong , Cao Jiao , Wu Lingling
Published: April 2024

In this review, we provide a broad introduction to advanced high-throughput and long-read single-cell transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing and third-generation sequencing platforms.
Reproducible generation of human liver organoids (HLOs) on a pillar plate platform via microarray 3D bioprinting
Authors: Shrestha Sunil , Lekkala Vinod Kumar Reddy , Acharya Prabha , Kang Soo-Yeon , Vanga Manav Goud , Lee Moo-Yeal
Published: April 2024

We developed microarray 3D bioprinting technology and associated pillar/deep well plates that allow high-throughput, miniature, and uniform culture of human liver organoids (HLOs) from bioprinted foregut cells and facilitate in situ assessments.
Enhancing the cycling performance of MgH2–LiBH4 based solid-state batteries via stacking pressure tailoring
Authors: Zhuang Xueye , Chen Haoliang , He Shiman , Hu Long , Wang Hui , Hu Renzong
Published: April 2024

By applying 25 MPa stacking pressure, the interfacial issues caused by the volume expansion of MgH2 electrodes can be well suppressed, which ultimately improves the electrochemical performance of the MgH2 anode material.
Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anti-proliferative activity of novel phenothiazine containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives against MARK4 protein
Authors: Bhakta Avijit , Mukhtar Sayeed , Anwar Saleha , Haider Shaista , Alahmdi Mohammed Issa , Parveen Humaira , Alsharif Meshari A. , Wani Mohmmad Younus , Chakrabarty Anindita , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , Ahmed Naseem
Published: April 2024

A series of novel phenothiazine-containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized under metal-free conditions in excellent yield.
The importance of tyrosines in multimers of cyclic RGD nonapeptides: towards αvβ6-integrin targeted radiotherapeutics
Authors: Quigley Neil Gerard , Zierke Maximilian Alexander , Ludwig Beatrice Stefanie , Richter Frauke , Nguyen Nghia Trong , Reissig Falco , Šimeček Jakub , Kossatz Susanne , Notni Johannes
Published: April 2024

Tyrosines preferred: tetramers of αvβ6-integrin binding cyclopeptides show more favorable biodistribution (less nonspecific uptake) the more tyrosines they contain, which can not be deduced from the in vitro properties of the peptide monomers.
A novel in-syringe cloud point extraction method for the determination of cadmium and lead in human hair samples
Authors: Zolfaghari Hesane , Daryanavard Seyed Mosayeb , Gholamshahzadeh Aghil
Published: April 2024

Measurement of contaminant elements in biological samples requires time-consuming sample preparation. The proposed in-syringe cloud point extraction (IS-CPE) as a fast, easy, low-cost, and green method was successfully used to measure lead and cadmium in human hair samples.
Metal–organic framework-derived mesoporous Co3O4 with high specific surface area for enhanced xylene sensing
Authors: Wang Liwen , Zhang Guanghui , Zhang Ruishu , Yang Siqi , Huang Wenjuan , Chen Xiangbai
Published: April 2024

Co3O4 hollow polyhedra have a high specific surface area and mesoporous structure. The Co3O4 gas sensor has excellent sensing performance and selectivity for xylene.
A novel Eu3+ activated Ca3Zn3Te2O12 tellurate red phosphor for white LEDs with high color stability and color purity
Authors: Xie Feiyan , Gu Junqiang , Xu Dekang , Xiong Qiancheng , Yang Jinyu , Ou Xiangjian , Wen Dawei
Published: April 2024

Research into red phosphors with a high color rendering index is particularly compelling, given the absence of a red component in the spectrum of commercial pc-WLEDs, which combine blue LED chips with yellow-emitting YAG:Ce3+ phosphors.
3D microscaffolds with triple-marker sensitive nanoprobes for studying fatty liver disease in vitro
Authors: Rainu Simran Kaur , Singh Neetu
Published: April 2024

A triple-marker sensitive nanoprobe-laden 3D in vitro liver disease platform for in situ monitoring of progressive changes in pH and MMP expression.
Triphenylphosphonium-functionalized dimeric BODIPY-based nanoparticles for mitochondria-targeting photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kim Chanwoo , Mai Duy Khuong , Lee Joomin , Jo Jinwoong , Kim Soyeon , Badon Isabel Wen , Lim Jong Min , Kim Ho-Joong , Yang Jaesung
Published: April 2024

This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and photodynamic therapy activity of two orthogonal BODIPY dimers functionalized with TPP cations for mitochondrial targeting.
Treatment of carbon electrodes with Ti3C2Tx MXene coating and thermal method for vanadium redox flow batteries: a comparative study
Authors: Teenakul Kavin , Ahmad Alem Sayed Ali , Gond Ritambhara , Thakur Anupma , Anasori Babak , Khataee Amirreza
Published: April 2024

Treatment of carbon papers with Ti3C2Tx MXene solution for vanadium redox flow batteries.
In situ one step growth of amorphous tin oxide electron transport layer for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Du Wenlin , Wan Zhe , Zhu Jingyi , Liu Xin , Chen Li , Li Shuxia , Kang Ning , Wang Chenglong
Published: April 2024

Perovskite solar cells prepared by using amorphous Tin oxide as electron transport layer.
A versatile route for the fabrication of micro-patterned polylactic-acid (PLA)-based membranes with tailored morphology via breath figure imprinting
Authors: Akoumeh Rayane , Noun Manale , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Al-Ejji Maryam , Zadeh Khadija M. , Hawari Alaa H. , Song Kenan , Hassan Mohammad K.
Published: April 2024

Breath figure imprinting, based on surface instabilities combined with fast polymer evaporation in a humid environment, enables the creation of micro-patterned membranes with tailored pore sizes.
Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution based on a Z-scheme 2D LaVO4/2D Mo-doped SV-ZnIn2S4 heterojunction
Authors: Guan Wei , Zhang Lin , Wang Peng , Wang Ying , Wang Haoyu , Dong Xingchen , Yu Liyan , Gan Zhixing , Dong Lifeng , Sui Lina
Published: April 2024

2D ultrathin Z-scheme heterojunctions with excellent contact interfaces and robust internal electric fields are synthesized based on LaVO4 and ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) and exhibit outstanding photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
VDR is a potential prognostic biomarker and positively correlated with immune infiltration: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis with experimental verification
Authors: Xia Xuedi , Xu Feng , Dai Dexing , Xiong An , Sun Ruoman , Ling Yali , Qiu Lei , Wang Rui , Ding Ya , Lin Miaoying , Li Haibo , Xie Zhongjian
Published: April 2024

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a transcription factor that mediates a variety of biological functions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Although there is growing evidence of cytological and animal studies supporting the suppressive role of VDR in cancers, the conclusion is still controversial in human cancers and no systematic pan-cancer analysis of VDR is available. We explored the relationships between VDR expression and prognosis, immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment, or gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in 33 types of human cancers based on multiple public databases and R software. Meanwhile, the expression and role of VDR were experimentally validated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). VDR expression decreased in 8 types and increased in 12 types of cancer compared with normal tissues. Increased expression of VDR was associated with either good or poor prognosis in 13 cancer types. VDR expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, or neutrophils in 20, 12, and 10 cancer types respectively and this correlation was experimentally validated in PTC. Increased VDR expression was associated with increased percentage of stromal or immune components in tumor microenvironment (TME) in 24 cancer types. VDR positively and negatively correlated genes were enriched in immune cell function and energy metabolism pathways, respectively, in the top 9 highly lethal tumors. Additionally, VDR expression was increased in PTC and inhibited cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, VDR is a potential prognostic biomarker and positively correlated with immune infiltration as well as stromal or immune components in TME in multiple human cancers.
Maintaining energy provision in the heart: the creatine kinase system in ischaemia–reperfusion injury and chronic heart failure
Authors: Lygate Craig A.
Published: April 2024

The non-stop provision of chemical energy is of critical importance to normal cardiac function, requiring the rapid turnover of ATP to power both relaxation and contraction. Central to this is the creatine kinase (CK) phosphagen system, which buffers local ATP levels to optimise the energy available from ATP hydrolysis, to stimulate energy production via the mitochondria and to smooth out mismatches between energy supply and demand. In this review, we discuss the changes that occur in high-energy phosphate metabolism (i.e., in ATP and phosphocreatine) during ischaemia and reperfusion, which represents an acute crisis of energy provision. Evidence is presented from preclinical models that augmentation of the CK system can reduce ischaemia–reperfusion injury and improve functional recovery. Energetic impairment is also a hallmark of chronic heart failure, in particular, down-regulation of the CK system and loss of adenine nucleotides, which may contribute to pathophysiology by limiting ATP supply. Herein, we discuss the evidence for this hypothesis based on preclinical studies and in patients using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We conclude that the correlative evidence linking impaired energetics to cardiac dysfunction is compelling; however, causal evidence from loss-of-function models remains equivocal. Nevertheless, proof-of-principle studies suggest that augmentation of CK activity is a therapeutic target to improve cardiac function and remodelling in the failing heart. Further work is necessary to translate these findings to the clinic, in particular, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the CK system is regulated in disease.