bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Election Design Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 14/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Laksono Fajar , Agustine Oly Viana
Published: July 2018

The major implication from Constitutional Court Decision No. 14/PUU-XI/2013 is that the Constitution promotes fundamental changes to the design of the general election regarding both process and substance. Therefore, in order to uphold the Constitution, efforts are required to reconstruct the design of the general election, particularly so that elections are conducted in accordance with Decision No. 14/PUU-XI/2013 as a representation of the spirit and the will of the 1945 Constitution. Essentially, the current norm regarding the implementation of general elections following the election of members of the representative institution is not consistent with the stipulations in Article 22E Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) and Article 1 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. Constitutional Court Decision No. 14/PUU-XI/2013 aims to realign the implementation of the elections with the intentions of the 1945 Constitution. Through implementation of the original intent method and systematic interpretation, the Constitutional Court offered its interpretation that the framers of the amended Constitution intended that general elections have five ballot boxes, with the first for the People’s Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR), the second for the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD), the third for the president and vice president, the fourth for the Regional People’s Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) at the provincial level and the fifth for the DPRD at the regency level. Thus, it can be concluded that the presidential elections should be conducted simultaneously with elections of members of the representative bodies. Through this decision, the Constitutional Court revoked the prevailing norm, such that Presidential Elections and Elections of members of representative bodies were no longer valid because they violated the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court introduced a new legal condition that obligated General Elections to be held simultaneously.
Dynamics of the Obligation to Register Birth Certificates as a part of the Right to Issuance Population Documents
Authors: Wijayanti Winda
Published: July 2018

The state is obliged to protect and recognise the legality of a person’s birth. Registration of birth in the form of a birth certificate is proof of one’s origin issued by the competent authorities. However, in practice, the time limit of one year given for such registration has proven a burden to citizens, such that complaint of constitutional damages has been brought before the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Population administration is regulated under Act Number 23, Number 23 Year 2006 and amended by Act Number 24, Number 24 Year 2013 in accordance with Constitutional Court Decision 18/PUU-XI/2013. In order to take an active role in the registration of births, the government and local governments have to remove the deadline to report the birth of a child, as stipulated by the district court and as an effort to improve state responsibility. This requires that citizens have the "right to be heard" and, in future, there should be an integrated service from the government for the registration of births.
ANALISIS SYISTEM METODOLOGI DAN FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM (Analisis Terhadap Pemikiran Jasser Auda)
Authors: Kholil Muhammad
Published: July 2018

The development and changes of social society is increasingly complex, ranging from social problems, humanities and even legal issues often appear and sometimes make it difficult for the community in determining its status. Therefore, the issue needs intelligence and sharpness of sensitivity or high and sensitive to the situationand conditions, then it be able to reduce the problem of conflict. It takesthinkers and scholars contemporary who are able to provide insight to solve a problem. The maqasid al-syari'ah described abstract although there are already Islamic thinkers who try to explain maqasud al-syari'ah in terms of theory and methodology, but still "grope". This is natural,maqasid al-syariah seeks to change the way of thinking of the classical scholars and still includedthe norms of the basic philosophical values. it is need for further Muslim thinkers to contribute their thoughts of a more systematic maqasid al-syri'ah creation, is a shift paradigm from the old maqasid to the new maqasid. The old maqasid emphasizes on protection (protection) more and perservation.New maqasid emphasizes more on devolopment (development) and righ (right). Welfareof the child's soul protection (hifdzu al-nafs).
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Incidence of Chronic Disease
Authors: Kokkinos Peter , Narayan Puneet , Myers Jonathan , Franklin Barry
Published: July 2018

An inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of chronic disease has been established by large, well-designed epidemiologic studies. Collectively, the findings support that these health benefits are realized at relatively moderate levels of exercise or physical activity and increase in a dose-response fashion. This supports the concept that physical activity should be promoted by health care professional for optimal health. This review is focused on the influence of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on the incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases.
Український туристичний імідж на міжнародному ринку: проблеми та перспективи розвитку
Authors: Туник Олександр Миколайович
Published: July 2018

Популяризація країни і створення позитивного іміджу за кордоном є однією з найважливіших складових дипломатичних та економічних завдань кожної держави. В євроінтеграційних умовах зростання туристичного інтересу до різних країн і народів, імідж країни відносяться до найважливіших факторів, що впливають на вибір іноземними туристами місця відпочинку. Зарубіжний досвід розвинених країн Європейського союзу свідчить, що правильно підібраний туристичний бренд країни («брендинг країни») впливає на кінцевий вибір туриста.
DCRoute: Speeding up Inter-Datacenter Traffic Allocation while Guaranteeing Deadlines
Authors: Noormohammadpour Max , Raghavendra Cauligi S. , Rao Sriram
Published: July 2018

Datacenters provide the infrastructure for cloud computing services used by millions of users everyday. Many such services are distributed over multiple datacenters at geographically distant locations possibly in different continents. These datacenters are then connected through high speed WAN links over private or public networks. To perform data backups or data synchronization operations, many transfers take place over these networks that have to be completed before a deadline in order to provide necessary service guarantees to end users. Upon arrival of a transfer request, we would like the system to be able to decide whether such a request can be guaranteed successful delivery. If yes, it should provide us with transmission schedule in the shortest time possible. In addition, we would like to avoid packet reordering at the destination as it affects TCP performance. Previous work in this area either cannot guarantee that admitted transfers actually finish before the specified deadlines or use techniques that can result in packet reordering. In this paper, we propose DCRoute, a fast and efficient routing and traffic allocation technique that guarantees transfer completion before deadlines for admitted requests. It assigns each transfer a single path to avoid packet reordering. Through simulations, we show that DCRoute is at least 200 times faster than other traffic allocation techniques based on linear programming (LP) while admitting almost the same amount of traffic to the system.
Spanish Civil War According to the Turkish Embassy Reports
Authors: sertel savaş
Published: July 2018

Spain throughout history has hosted many civilizations. With its climate,geography, fresh water resources and vegetation, it is one of the most favorableplaces to live in the world. Therefore, many communities lived here. Especially, theestablishment of the Umayyad Caliphate was a very big chance for Spain. In theperiods when the Islamic world was the most advanced civilization, the biggestphilosophers and scientists of Europe raised in this geography. Scholars such as IbnRüşt and Ibn Meymun taught European students. While, the Kings in Europe areproud of the several thousand volumes of books in their libraries bragged, 400thousand volumes of books existed in the library of the Andalusian Caliphate. Thedestroyed Muslim and Jews with the Reconquista took also the richness and thecivilization of Spain. By contrast, Spain has found something new: Geographicaldiscoveries and gold. After these events, Spain became one of the world's largestcolonial empire, but in XIX and XX. Century, Spain lost power and withdraws to theIberian peninsula Over time, Spain has become one of Europe's most powerlesscountries sicne their economy was based on primitive agriculture. In this process,the Kingdom, dictatorships, military coups and republics were established. In theseprocesses Spain has seen continuous coups and coup attempts. In 1936, the armyhad rebelled once more against the legitimate Government. However this time therebels were supported by the foreign powers. Imperialist States were the financiersof the bloody civil war occurred between 1936-1939.
Planning for Future Care and the End of Life: A Qualitative Analysis of Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Couples
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth , Donnelly Rachel , Reczek Corinne , Umberson Debra
Published: July 2018

Two key components of end-of-life planning are informal planning for future care and end-of-life preferences and formal end-of-life plans via living wills and legal documents. We build on previous work on the institutionalization of marriage and sexual minority discrimination to theorize the dynamics and strategies of heterosexual, gay, and lesbian married couples in informal and formal end-of-life planning. We use qualitative dyadic methods to analyze in-depth interviews with 45 midlife gay, lesbian, and heterosexual married couples (N = 90 spouses). Findings suggest that same-sex spouses devote intensive time and attention to informal planning conversations and formal end-of-life plans, while heterosexual spouses report minimal formal or informal planning. The primary reasons same-sex spouses give for making end-of-life preparations are related to the absence of legal protections and concerns about family interference. These findings raise questions about future end-of-life planning among gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples given a rapidly shifting legal landscape.Cite as: Thomeer, Mieke Beth, Rachel Donnelly, Corinne Reczek, & Debra Umberson. (2017). Planning for Future Care and the End of Life: A Qualitative Analysis of Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Couples. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58(4): 473-487.
Challenges to the integration of Syrian refugees
Authors: Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Woldetsadik Mahlet A. , Armenta Gabriela
Published: July 2018

In this study, we provide an overview of the situation of Syrian refugees and other non-citizens living in host countries. We explored the cases of several countries: Turkey, which is one of the main destinations for refugees fleeing the Syrian crisis; Germany and the United Kingdom, which are high-income countries where the public sentiment about refugees has changed overtime; Greece and Italy, nations that share a close border with countries experiencing large refugee influxes; and Canada and Australia, which have had different approaches regarding inflows of refugees and do not share borders with countries that have significant outflows of migrants and refugees. Our review of policies suggests that the successful resettlement of Syrian refugees is dependent on political commitment that is coupled with public support and community engagement. Successful social and economic policies to address the refugee crisis demand a combined effort in terms of planning, implementing, monitoring, and assessing initiatives. Most importantly, record-keeping and sharing data with stakeholders need to be improved, which is a joint request of nonprofit organizations and academic institutions.
Loneliness and social behaviors in a virtual social environment
Authors: Luhmann Maike , Schönbrodt Felix D. , Hawkley Louise , Cacioppo John T.
Published: July 2018

Feeling lonely motivates people to reconnect with others, but it can also trigger a vicious cycle of cognitions and behaviors that reinforces their loneliness. In this study, we examined the behavioral consequences of loneliness in a virtual social environment. A total of 176 participants navigated a character (protagonist) through a two-dimensional browser game and rated the character’s loneliness multiple times during the game. In the first part of the game, another character is introduced as the protagonist’s spouse. At one point, the spouse leaves for an undetermined period of time but later returns. Immediately before this separation, higher ascribed loneliness of the protagonist was associated with more frequent interactions with the spouse. After the reunion, however, higher ascribed loneliness was associated with less frequent interactions with the spouse. Ascribed loneliness was not significantly related to the frequency of interactions with others nor to the frequency of solitary activities. These patterns held after controlling for ascribed positive affect. Participants’ levels of loneliness were related to the level of ascribed loneliness only when the spouse was present but not when the spouse was absent. In sum, these findings suggest that the conditions that trigger the vicious cycle of loneliness are person-specific and situation-specific.
HRM PRACTICES AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF THE CEMENT INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ridwan
Published: July 2018

This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of human resource management practices (i.e. leadership styles, employee commitment, work motivation, and work climate) on employee job satisfaction and employee performance. This study used primary data obtained through a survey to 221 employees as a sample. The result of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis shows that empirically the leadership style, employee commitment, work motivation, and work climate have positive and significant impact on job satisfaction. Leadership style, employee commitment, work motivation, and work climate, either directly or indirectly have a positive and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction as variable intervening. Job satisfaction has a direct positive and significant effect on employee performance. The direct effect of leadership styles, employee commitment, motivation and work climate on employee performance is positive, which means that when the exogenous variables improved the job satisfaction and employee performance will increase. The indirect effect of exogenous variable on employee performance through job satisfaction is positive. The total effect which is the sum of the direct and indirect effects through job satisfaction obtained positive value, which means there is effect of direct effect and indirect effect of exogenous variable on employee performance through job satisfaction.
The Antecedents, Consequences, And Mediating Role Of Job Satisfaction: Perception And Relevance Among Civil Servants In Regional Government’s Working Unit Selayar Islands District
Authors: Makka Tajuddin
Published: July 2018

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of competence, work culture and organizational commitment on job satisfaction and civil servants performance in regional government’s working unit Selayar Islands District. The study was conducted on 4.321 civil servants. A total of 366 civil servants were used as samples. Results confirm the hypothesized model indicating that the competence has significant effect on job satisfaction and not significant on civil servants performance. Work culture and organizational commitment is a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance. Job satisfaction is positive and significant effect on civil servants performance. The mediating role of job satisfaction is significant to explained the effect of organizational commitment on employee performance, but is not significant to explained the effect of work culture, competence on employee performance
Climate-related displacements of coastal communities in the Arctic: Engaging traditional knowledge in adaptation strategies and policies
Authors: Manrique David Romero , Corral Serafin , Pereira Ângela Guimarães
Published: July 2018

Climate change impacts lead to alterations in migration patterns and the displacement of exposed native com- munities and peoples in the Arctic region, forcing them to leave their homes and traditional ways of life as a result of rapid local ecological changes. This paper illustrates climate-related displacements and subsequent relocation as extremely complex processes, and proposes traditional knowledge as a relevant source of knowl- edge both at local level and policy making spheres.The main conclusions are that the representation of indigenous peoples in international governance structures does not guarantee that traditional knowledge is entirely engaged in evidence-based policy making and that traditional knowledge is not always valued as an equal source of knowledge by some relevant scientific bodies. In this context, changing the approach towards a knowledge-systems-based framework would contribute to the development of more concrete policies and strategies for adaptation of Arctic native communities.
Longitudinal predictors of the development of a calling: new evidence for the a posteriori hypothesis
Authors: Dalla Rosa Anna , Vianello Michelangelo , Anselmi Pasquale
Published: July 2018

The literature is far from providing a clear answer about the development of callings over time. It has been hypothesized that calling is a consequence of positive experiences in a domain (a posteriori hypothesis), or that it is the antecedent of career choices and development (a priori hypothesis), or both (reciprocal hypothesis). To investigate which hypothesis better describes the development of a calling, a three-wave longitudinal study was conducted in which we tested the temporal precedence between calling and (1) clarity of professional identity, (2) engagement in learning activities, and (3) presence of a supportive social environment. Four competing structural equation models were estimated and compared. The results suggest that clarity of professional identity, engagement in learning, and social support positively predict calling rather than the opposite, and they provide support for the a posteriori hypothesis of calling development. Students who are actively engaged in their studies and have a clear idea of their occupational future are more likely to develop a calling over time. In addition, the results suggest that the presence of a supportive environment helps students to develop their calling. Implications for theory and research on calling are discussed.
Everyday violence(s) and visualities in Africa
Authors: Mboti Nyasha
Published: July 2018

Discussions of violence in cinema and the ‘cinema of violence’ have tended to fixate on the limited definition of violence in its mimetic, graphic forms. Violence is traced to ‘screen violence’, horror movies and thrillers, a definition of ‘violent cinema’ linked Simkin calls ‘the representation of the damaged body’. This special issue conceptualizes violence in infinitely more interesting ways. It emphasizes the fact that violence is, in fact, not out there at all. Rather, it is all around us, all over us, and is – indeed – us. Not only is violence often invisible to the naked eye, but it is always implicating us such that without us there would be no violence. In fact, there is no single violence. Rather, violence is regarded in the plural. There are violences. Furthermore, the act ofseeing of violences is, in this account, impossible on the basis of dominant, monocular ways of seeing. As such, there are plural visualities as opposed to any one organizing visuality. The trope of mimetic violence is not only layeredon top of other amimetic tropes but is undermined by them. The articles presented here therefore encourage us to visualize violence critically. We are encouraged to see, first of all, the everyday worlds and subtexts that produce,reproduce and sustain significantly finer, less visible, quotidian violences and cultures of violence that march in step with our daily practices
Energy and Resource Recovery from Tetra Pak Waste using Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Lokahita Baskoro , Takahashi Fumitake , Yoshikawa Kunio , Aziz Muhammad
Published: July 2018

To improve the life cycle of Tetra Pak product, many researchers has tried to improve the recycling process of Tetra Pak waste since the early 90s. In this paper, a novel method by utilizing the hydrothermal process to produces solid fuel and recover the composite of aluminum and polyethylene. The experiment was done in the three level variations of holding time between 0 minute and 60 minutes; and temperature between 200°C and 240°C. The total of nine experiments was conducted to understand the effect of holding time and temperature towards the quality of solid fuel and composite of aluminum and polyethylene. The results show that hydrothermal treatment effectively produces hydrochar which is comparable to sub-bituminous coal by removing aluminum parts. The aluminum parts form a composite with the rest of polyethylene. Holding time and temperature gave positive effect to the results of analyses.
The costs (or benefits) associated with attended objects do little to influence inattentional blindness
Authors: Stothart Cary , Wright Timothy J. , Simons Daniel J. , Boot Walter , Boot Walter
Published: July 2018

We sometimes fail to notice unexpected objects or events when our attention is directed elsewhere, a phenomenon called inattentional blindness. We explored whether unexpected objects that shared the color of consequential objects would be noticed more often. In three pre-registered experiments, participants played a custom video game in which they avoided both low- and high-cost missiles (Experiment 1 and 2) or tried to hit rewarding missiles while avoiding costly ones (Experiment 3). After participants had played the game for about 8 minutes, an unexpected object moved across the screen. Although participants selectively avoided more costly missiles when playing, they were no more likely to notice an unexpected object when its color was associated with greater costs. Apparently, people are no more likely to notice unexpected objects that are associated with negative consequences. Future research should examine whether objects that are themselves consequential are noticed more frequently.
tugas pak hary
Authors: Sholikhah Ni'mahtus , Karisa Angela Deninda Meiliana
Published: July 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and service quality on customer satisfaction. The research type is explanatory with quantitative approach. The number of samples in this study amounted to 2 respondents who are customers of Kyoi Japan Resto Yogyakarta. The technique used in sampling in this research using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used is descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Data collection is done by interview. The results of this study indicate that Product Quality and Service Quality significantly influence Customer Satisfaction both simultaneously and partially
Learning Physical Parameters From Dynamic Scenes
Authors: Ullman Tomer David
Published: July 2018

Humans acquire their most basic physical concepts early in development, and continue to enrich and expand their intuitive physics throughout life as they are exposed to more and varied dynamical environments. We introduce a hierarchical Bayesian framework to explain how people can learn physical parameters at multiple levels. In contrast to previous Bayesian models of theory acquisition (Tenenbaum et al., 2011), we work with more ex- pressive probabilistic program representations suitable for learning the forces and properties that govern how objects interact in dynamic scenes unfolding over time. We compare our model to human learners on a challenging task of estimating multiple physical parameters in novel microworlds given short movies. This task requires people to reason simultane- ously about multiple interacting physical laws and properties. People are generally able to learn in this setting and are consistent in their judgments. Yet they also make systematic errors indicative of the approximations people might make in solving this computationally demanding problem with limited computational resources. We propose two approximations that complement the top-down Bayesian approach. One approximation model relies on a more bottom-up feature-based inference scheme. The second approximation combines the strengths of the bottom-up and top-down approaches, by taking the feature-based inference as its point of departure for a search in physical-parameter space.
Preprint of "Rose-Colored Glasses in Initial Romantic Encounters? Examining Positive Partner Illusions and Their Interpersonal Consequences in the Very Early Stages of Romantic Acquaintance"
Authors: Wurst Stefanie N. , Humberg Sarah , Back Mitja
Published: July 2018

We investigated whether positive partner illusions (i.e., perceiving a romantic partner more positively then she/he actually is) and their beneficial interpersonal consequences already occur in initial romantic encounters. In a real-life speed-dating context, 398 heterosexual singles (aged: 18-28) indicated their perceptions of their dating partners directly after each speed-date. We obtained 2 kinds of reality benchmarks to compare these partner perceptions against: dating partners’ self-perceptions and consensus ratings about the dating partners. With 3 follow-ups in the 6 weeks following the speed-dating, we assessed interpersonal consequences between daters. Response surface analyses revealed no evidence of positive illusions or of beneficial interpersonal consequences of positive illusions in initial romantic encounters. These findings (a) suggest that positive illusions start to emerge at later stages of romantic acquaintance and (b) inform research on the psychological processes underlying positive illusions. We furthermore provide methodological recommendations for future longitudinal research investigating the time of onset of positive illusions and the formation of romantic relationships in general.
A DNA investigation into the mysterious disappearance of the Rocky Mountain grasshopper, mega-pest of the 1800s
Authors: Chapco W. , Litzenberger G.
Published: July 2018

The mysterious extinction of the Rocky Mountain Grasshopper, Melanoplus spretus, a major pest species on the prairies and plains of the 1800s, is truly a remarkable event in the history of agriculture. Recently, we obtained specimens of M. spretus from museums and from 400-year-old glacial deposits in Wyoming. We report success in obtaining mitochondrial DNA sequences from both sources. This permitted us to examine two issues surrounding the species’ disappearance. First, a long-standing view that M. spretus and the extant species Melanoplus sanguinipes are (if not phase transforms of one another) sister taxa, is disputed, but cannot be rejected with certainty. Interestingly, there is some evidence that suggests there may be a closer affinity with another member of the Mexicanus species-group, Melanoplus bruneri. Second, because M. spretus still possesses considerable nucleotide diversity (1.15 ± 0.19%), a depletion of variation cannot be considered a factor contributing to its demise.
Advanced Inferential Medicine℠
Authors: Barbour Dennis L.
Published: July 2018

Traditional medical inference requires explicit determination of a patient’s ailment prior to deciding the best treatment option. Evidence-based medicine informs these decisions from the outcomes of previous patients with similar ailments who received similar treatments. Precision medicine seeks to expand this nomothetic framework with many more potential diagnoses, the total possible number of which is inherently limited by the number of similar previous patients available for reference. The concept of making patient-care decisions using idiographic information unique to a particular patient may be a familiar concept to practicing clinicians, but it has no formal role within evidence-based medicine. The collective result is constrained inferential capacity of the dominant medical philosophy, leading to limited effectiveness of individual patient treatment decisions. A means of combining nomothetic and idiographic inference to optimize individual treatment outcomes would be a welcome addition to the modern medical armamentarium. Novel idiographic search algorithms informed by nomothetic prior beliefs can construct predictive models about individual patients that provide rigorous clinical decision support. This advanced medical inference framework exploits modern machine learning to generalize the concept of diagnosis and to make effective treatment decisions with or without definitive etiological understanding of a patient’s ailment.
Chinese Vocabulary Book
Authors: Ly Hieu-Ky , Nham Tuyet-Mai , Du Xuong-Nghi , Khuong Le-Binh , Vu Dieu , Ly Lam , Nguyen Thu-Ha , Nguyen Minh-Hong T. , Nguyen Loc , Tran Bich-Ngoc
Published: July 2018

This Chinese vocabulary book contains common Chinese words along with short conversations and stories. Main contents of the book are extracted from text books such as Primary Chinese Textbooks, BOYA, and HSK by authors Hieu-Ky Ly, Tuyet-Mai Nham, Xuong-Nghi Du, Le-Binh Khuong, Dieu Vu, Lam Ly, Thu-Ha Nguyen, and Minh-Hong T. Nguyen. Main referred dictionaries are Vietnamese Dictionary (vdict.co), LINE (ce.linedict.com), Chinese-Vietnamese Dictionary (Quynh-Hoa, Minh-Vu).
Linking Information Saturation to Cultural Shifts in Preferences for Simpler Cultural Products
Authors: Varnum Michael E. W. , Krems Jaimie Arona , Morris Colin , Grossmann Igor
Published: July 2018

***DRAFT VERSION, 3/2019. THIS PAPER HAS NOT BEEN PEER REVIEWED. PLEASE DO NOT DISTRIBUTE OR CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION***How has the complexity of cultural products changed over time and what is responsible for these changes? A cultural compression hypothesis (CCH) suggests that changes in simplicity (vs. complexity) of cultural products is associated with shifts in the volume of cultural products, with greater within-domain volume of products facilitating evolution within the domain toward simpler products. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a novel approach to assessing lyrical complexity in popular music over a period of six decades. Consistent with the CCH, we show that the average lyrical compressibility of American popular music (an index of simplicity) has increased over time and that this rise is driven by increases in the amount of music produced annually (an indicator of the amount of cultural products people have to choose from). This relationship holds controlling for a number of potentially-related ecological changes and alternative explanations, and when accounting or correcting for temporal auto-correlation using a variety of methods (including correcting significance thresholds based on observed auto-correlation, partial correlation analysis controlling for year, and using auto.ARIMA to assess the contribution of amount of music produced to compressibility over and above autocorrelation in the two time series). Results of auto.ARIMA forecasts confirm the contribution of amount of music produced to success of more repetitive songs and suggest that the trend of increasing simplicity will continue over the next several decades. We discuss implications of the cultural compression hypothesis for understanding cultural evolution and social change.
Statistical Power Analysis
Authors: Aberson Chris
Published: July 2018

Preprint of Chapter appearing as: Aberson, C. L. (2015). Statistical power analysis. In R. A. Scott & S. M. Kosslyn (Eds.) Emerging trends in the behavioral and social sciences. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Statistical power refers to the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis (i.e., finding what the researcher wants to find). Power analysis allows researchers to determine adequate sample size for designing studies with an optimal probability for rejecting false null hypotheses. When conducted correctly, power analysis helps researchers make informed decisions about sample size selection. Statistical power analysis most commonly involves specifying statistic test criteria (Type I error rate), desired level of power, and the effect size expected in the population. This article outlines the basic concepts relevant to statistical power, factors that influence power, how to establish the different parameters for power analysis, and determination and interpretation of the effect size estimates for power. I also address innovative work such as the continued development of software resources for power analysis and protocols for designing for precision of confidence intervals (a.k.a., accuracy in parameter estimation). Finally, I outline understudied areas such as power analysis for designs with multiple predictors, reporting and interpreting power analyses in published work, designing for meaningfully sized effects, and power to detect multiple effects in the same study.
High frequency stimulation-induced plasticity in the prelimbic cortex of rats emerges during adolescent development and is associated with an increase in dopamine receptor function
Authors: Kang Shuo , Cox C. Lee , Gulley Joshua Michael
Published: July 2018

Recent studies in rats suggest that high frequency stimulation (HFS) in the ventral hippocampus induces long-term depression (LTD) in the deep layer of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but only after the prefrontal GABA system has sufficiently developed during early- to mid-adolescence. It is not clear whether this LTD is specific to the hippocampus-mPFC circuit or is instead an intrinsitc regulatory mechanism for the developed mPFC neuro-network. The potential mechanisms underlying this HFS-induced LTD are also largely unknown. In the current study, naïve male Sprague Dawley rats were sacrificed during peri-adolescence or young adulthood for in vitro extracellular recording to determine if HFS delivered in the prelimbic cortex (PLC) would induce LTD in an age-dependent manner and if dopamine receptors are involved in the expression of this LTD. We found four trains of stimulation at 50 Hz induced an LTD in the PFC of adult, but not peri-adolescent, rats. This LTD required intact GABAA receptor functioning and could also be blocked by dopamine D1 or D2 receptor antagonists. Bath application of selective D1 or D2 receptor agonists produced a significant facilitation or suppression in the field potential, respectively, and these effects were only observed in the adult PLC. Furthermore, neither D1 nor D2 stimualtion prior to HFS was able to facilitate LTD in the peri-adolescent PLC. Together, these results suggest dopamine receptor functionality in the PLC increases during adolescent development and it plays an important role in this late-maturating form of plasticity.
Discussion of “Jacobian Matrix for Solving Water Distribution System Equations with the Darcy-Weisbach Head-Loss Model” by Angus Simpson and Sylvan Elhay
Authors: Brkić Dejan
Published: July 2018

No abstract available
Preprint_The rocky road to prosocial behavior: The role of positivity and organizational socialization in preventing interpersonal strain
Authors: Livi Stefano , Theodorou Annalisa , Rullo Marika , Cinque Luigi , Alessandri Guido
Published: July 2018

Among relevant consequences of organizational socialization, a key factor is the promotion of organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals (i.e. OCBI). However, the relation between organizational socialization and OCBI has received little attention. This study tests the validity of a moderated mediation model in which we examine the mediating effect of a decreased interpersonal strain on the relationship between organizational socialization and OCBI, and the moderation role of a positive personal resource in reducing interpersonal strain when an unsuccessful socialization subsists. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 765 new recruits of the Guardia di Finanza – a military Police Force reporting to the Italian Minister of Economy. Findings confirms our hypothesis that interpersonal strain mediates the relationship between organizational socialization and OCBI. The index of moderated mediation results significant, showing that this effect exists at different levels of positivity. Theoretical and practical implications for promoting pro-organizational behaviors are discussed.
Can prediction-based distributional semantic models predict typicality?
Authors: Heyman Tom , Heyman Geert
Published: July 2018

Recent advances in the field of computational linguistics have led to the development of various prediction-based models of semantics. These models seek to infer wordrepresentations from large text collections by predicting target words from neighboring words (or vice versa). The resulting representations are vectors in a continuous space, collectively called word embeddings. Although psychological plausibility was not a primary concern for the developers of predictive models, it has been the topic of several recent studies in the field of psycholinguistics. That is, word embeddings have been linked to similarity ratings, word associations, semantic priming, word recognition latencies, etcetera. Here, we build on this work by investigating category structure. Throughout seven experiments, we sought to predict human typicality judgments from two languages, Dutch and English, using different semantic spaces. More specifically, we extracted a number of predictor variables, and evaluated how well they could capture the typicality gradient of common categories (e.g., birds, fruit, vehicles,. . . ). Overall, the performance of predictive models was rather modest, and did not compare favorably to that of an older count-based model. These results are somewhat disappointing given the enthusiasm surrounding predictive models. Possible explanations and future directions are discussed.
Statistically Modelling the Relationships between Type D Personality and Social Support, Health Behaviors and Symptom Severity in Chronic Illness Groups
Authors: Horwood Sharon , Anglim Jeromy , Tooley Greg
Published: July 2018

Objective: The study aimed to develop a predictive model of how Type D personalityinfluences health behaviors, social support, and symptom severity and assess its generalizability to a range of chronic illnesses. Design: Participants were classified as either healthy (n = 182) or having a chronic illness (n = 207). Participants completed an online survey measuring Type D and a range of health-related variables. Chronic illness participants were classified as having either a functional somatic syndrome (i.e. chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia), where the underlying pathological processes were unclear, or illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis, where the causes are well understood. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were health behaviors, social support, and both physical and psychological symptoms. Results: The rate of Type D was higher in chronic illness participants (53%) than in healthy controls (39%). Negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) both correlated with outcome measures, although NA was generally the stronger predictor. Using NA and SI as independent subscales led to superior prediction of health outcomes than using categorical or continuous representations. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the relationship between Type D and health outcomes may generalize across different chronic illnesses.
Pengaruh Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Gunawan Bambang
Published: July 2018

Selada merupakan sayuran daun yang berasal dari daerah (negara) beriklim sedang. Menurut sejarahnya, tanaman ini telah dibudidayakan sejak 2500 tahun yang lalu. Tanaman selada berasal dari kawasan Amerika, hal ini dibuktikan oleh Christoper Columbus pada lahun 1493 yang menemukan tanaman selada di daerah Hemisphere bagian barat dan Bahamas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk: 1). Mengetahui pengaruh faktor media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada; 2). Mengatahui pengaruh faktor konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada; 3). Mengetahui pengaruh interaksi dari kedua faktor tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Merdeka Surabaya Jl. Ketintang Madya VII Surabaya. Ketinggian tempat 5 meter di alas permukaan laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dimana perlakuannya menggunakan 2 faktor yaitu faktor pertama komposisi media dan faktor kedua konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC) "Supermes ". Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 dengan dua tanaman sampel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa: 1.Terdapat pengaruh yang sangat nyata dari komposisi media tanam pada semua parameter pengamatan yang diteliti yaitu panjang tanaman. jurn!ah daun dan berat basah per tanaman. Hasil terbaik dicapai oleh perlakuan K2 yaitu 2 kg pupuk kandang per tanaman.2.Terdapat pengaruh yang sangat nyata dari konsentrasi pupuk cair (POC) "Supermer" pada semua parameter pengamatan yang diteliti yaitu panjang tanaman, jumlah daun dan berat basah per tanaman. Hasil terbaik dicapai oleh perlakuan P4 yaitu konsenterasi POC sebesar 2 ml per liter air.3.Tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata akibat kombinasi perlakuan komposisi media dan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC).
Agreement attraction in Spanish comprehension
Authors: Lago Sol , Shalom Diego , Sigman Mariano , Lau Ellen , Phillips Colin
Published: July 2018

Previous studies have found that English speakers experience attraction effects when comprehending subject-verb agreement, showing eased processing of ungrammatical sentences that contain a syntactically unlicensed but number-matching noun. In four self-paced reading experiments we examine whether attraction effects also occur in Spanish, a language where agreement morphology is richer and functionally more significant. We find that despite having a richer morphology, Spanish speakers show reliable attraction effects in comprehension, and that these effects are strikingly similar to those previously found in English in their magnitude and distributional profile. Further, we use distributional analyses to argue that cue-based memory retrieval is used as an error-driven mechanism in comprehension. We suggest that cross-linguistic similarities in agreement attraction result from speakers deploying repair or error-driven mechanisms uniformly across languages.
The neural mechanisms underlying confidence formation. Commentary on Sherman, Seth, and Kanai (2016).
Authors: Van Heer Christina
Published: July 2018

This commentary discusses the paper by Sherman, Seth and Kanai (2016), published in The Journal of Neuroscience, who report a neural signature of confidence in the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (rIFG).
Familiarity-based fillers improve the validity of reaction time-based memory detection
Authors: Verschuere Bruno , Lukács Gáspár , Kleinberg Bennett
Published: July 2018

The reaction time (RT)-based Concealed Information Test (CIT) allows for the detection of concealed knowledge (e.g., one’s true identity) when the questions are presented randomly (multiple-probe protocol), but its performance is much weaker when questions are presented in blocks (e.g., first question about surname, then about birthday; single-probe protocol). The latter test protocol, however, is the preferred and sometimes even the only feasible interviewing method in real-life. In a first, pre-registered, experiment (n = 363), we show that the validity of the single-probe protocol version can be substantially improved by including familiarity-related filler trials (e.g., “KNOWN,” “UNKNOWN”). We replicated these findings in a second, preregistered, experiment (n = 237), where we further found that the use of familiarity-related fillers even improved the classic multiple-probe protocol. We recommend the use of familiarity-related filler trials for the RT-based CIT.
Operationalization of Competency-Based Approach: From Competency-Based Education to Integration Pedagogy
Authors: Journal Arab World English , BOUKHENTACHE Slimane
Published: July 2018

Advocates of integration pedagogy such as Peyser et al. (2006) and Roegiers (2010) consider this instructional approach as a distinct pedagogical trend, while opponents of this view such as Hirtt (2009) regard integration pedagogy and competency-based education (CBE) as two sides of the same coin. In the view of this inconsistency and in order to help teachers and scholars have a well-informed idea on the essence of these educational movements, this article attempts to explore their similarities and differences and show how integration pedagogy has attempted to interpret the principles of competency-based approach (CBA). In so doing, the study traces back the origins of integration pedagogy in relation to CBE. This analysis of the historical and theoretical background of integration pedagogy indicates that this instructional approach is relatively different from CBE in that it has emerged in the 1980s as a late reaction to objective-based pedagogy, but as a concrete attempt to operationalize and simplify the broad principles of CBE, which evolved earlier in the US in the 1970s. Also, the results spell out the theoretical similarities and differences relating to these teaching approaches. Accordingly, teachers, researchers, and program evaluators are advised to approach integration pedagogy as a fairly different realization of CBA with distinct teaching guidelines.
‘You Are Too Out!’: A mixed methods study of the ways in which digital divides articulate status and power in China
Authors: Xiao ZhiMin
Published: July 2018

This study investigates the differences in adolescent engagement with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), such as computers, the Internet, and mobile phones. Involving 698 second-year high school students from urban, rural, and ethnic Tibetan regions of China, it finds that patterns of access and use indicate status and power, and the meanings teenagers pour into the technologies articulate social and educational differences. On average, Tibetans are disadvantaged in access, and the return on parental education is greater for the mainstream Han than it is for Tibetans. However, state ‘preferential policies’ have mitigated Tibetans’ plight in use, which makes the least privileged Han students with parents having no more than six years of education.
Twitter Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Bagheri Hamid , Islam Md Johirul
Published: July 2018

Social networks are the main resources to gather information about people’s opinion and sentiments towards different topics as they spend hours daily on social media and share their opinion. In this technical paper, we show the application of sentimental analysis and how to connect to Twitter and run sentimental analysis queries. We run different experiments on different queries from politics to humanity and show the interesting results. We realized that the neutral sentiment for tweets are significantly high which clearly shows the limitations of the current works.