bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Sub-Bottom Profiler in the Surveying of Embankments’ Foundation
Authors: Wang Rui , Leng Yuan Bao , Li Chang Zheng
Published: October 2010

Sub-bottom profiler is a kind of underwater acoustic imaging equipment. It can scan the sub-water stratums with acoustic signals and presents the section imaging. The frequency rang and transmitting power are key points to choice a suitable profiler. Generally, high frequency means high resolution and small imaging range. Transmitting power affects the imaging range also. Sub-bottom profiler can tell hydraulic and civil engineers what the embankments’ foundation like, especially the distribution of enrockments. With these information, engineers can evaluate the safety of embankments and decide what to do to keep them standing strong. A typical profiler called X-Star and a series of experiments carried on Yellow River, the famous sediment-laden and the 2nd longest river of China.
Unsaturated Soil Mechanical Strength Experiment Study for the Yellow Levee
Authors: Lan Yan , Zhang Jun Xia , Zhang Min , Zhao Shou Gang
Published: October 2010

The soil unsaturated property is one of the main factors happening dike dangers such as craze and hole, even seriously slope collapse in the Yellow River dike. Based on the study of unsaturated mechanical experiment, the soil shear strength model formula can be proposed , and the changing rule of unsaturated soil mechanical properties be investigated for the typical levee soil of the Yellow River. It can provide theoretical and technical support for preventing the dike danger occurring, reducing the danger rate during the flood season, and establishing defend methods and instructing flood-defended.
Test and Study on Impact of Corrosion on Bond Force between Steel and Concrete
Authors: He Xian Feng , Zhao Shou Gang , Leng Yuan Bao
Published: October 2010

The corrosion of steel will have a bad impact on the safety of reinforced concrete structure. In severe cases, it may even be disastrous. In order to understand the impact of steel corrosion on the structure, tests are carried out to study corrosion and expansion rules of steel bars as well as the impact rules of corrosion on bond force between steel and concrete. The results show that wet and salty environment will result in steel corrosion; relatively minor corrosion will not cause expansion cracks of protection layers; when steel rust to a certain extent, it will cause cracks along the protection layer; when there exists minor corrosion in steel and the protection layer does not have expansion cracks, the bond force is still large and rapidly decreases as the corrosion rate increases.
Threshold Regression Forecast Model for Dam Safety Monitoring and its Application
Authors: He Xian Feng , Leng Yuan Bao , Zhao Shou Gang
Published: October 2010

Affected by both of the internal and external factors during work process, the dam monitoring effect variable often generates complex cycles such as jumps, compendium, and re-jumps, which shows a high degree of non-linearity that brings a lot of trouble in the establishment of regular dam safety monitoring forecast model. Drawing on the threshold thought of the threshold autoregressive model, the threshold factor and the threshold value are introduced in the conventional regression model. By making use of the suggested best fitting correlation analysis method to determine the threshold factor and the threshold value, the threshold regression model is established. Application example shows that the method for dam safety monitoring forecast can obtain satisfactory results.
Research of BOTDR on Dike Strain Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Qing Ming , Zhu Ping Yu , Wang Shao Li , Leng Yuan Bao
Published: October 2010

Based on briefly introducing the works of BOTDR, article studied on dike strain monitoring by using the distributed optical fiber measurement system produced by OMNISENS in Swiss. Builded the dike model, monitored the dike strain changes influenced by seepage and loading, we try to verify the feasibility that the distributed optical fiber measurement system can basically reflect the dike deformation. It can be an important direction for the development of dike strain monitoring.
Development of Terrain Deformation Monitor System Based on 3-D Laser Scanning Technology
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yang Lei , Leng Yuan Bao
Published: October 2010

This paper introduced the working principle of 3-D laser scanning technology, analyzed the feasibility of monitoring changes in topography based on the technology, designed the method to monitor the change of terrain, achieved the terrain deformation monitor system by the using of GIS technology, carried out the practical application of terrain deformation monitoring tests, and with the comparison with traditional deformation monitoring method. Terrain deformation monitor system based on 3-D laser scanning technology can quickly and efficiently got many kinds of results. The research presented a new, practical approach for terrain deformation monitor. The method can also be applied in the fields of terrain analysis, disaster prevention and mitigation, disaster assessment, soil erosion and mine production estimates and so on.
Precision Force Measurement Using Small Pendulum and Optical Interferometer
Authors: Jamsai Meechai , Ebara Hironori , Pornsuwancharoen Nithiroth , Maru Koichi , Fujii Yusaku
Published: October 2010

A testing method for precision force measurement using a small pendulum based on the levitation mass method (LMM) has been developed. In this method, the force acting on the material to be tested is measured using an optical interferometer. In this paper, a collision test of the spring and the pendulum is performed. As the result of the test, the maximum force on the spring was evaluated as approximately 0.533 N. To demonstrate the performance of the developed instrument, the impact responses of the pendulum are accurately evaluated. The possible applications of the developed method are also discussed.
Numerical Simulation of Impact Responses for an Elastic Structure with a Viscoelastic Spring Including Nonlinear Hysteresis Damping
Authors: Yamaguchi Takao , Fujii Yusaku , Kanai Tomoyuki , Nagai Kenichi , Maruyama Shinichi
Published: October 2010

To compute dynamic characteristics of nonlinear viscoelastic springs with elastic structures having huge degree-of-freedom, Yamaguchi proposed a new fast numerical method using finite element method. In this method, restoring forces of the springs are expressed using power series of their elongation. In the expression, nonlinear hysterisis damping is introduced. Finite element for the nonlinear spring having complex coefficients is expressed and is connected to the elastic structures modeled by linear solid finite element. Further, to save computational time, the discrete equations in physical coordinate are transformed into the nonlinear ordinary coupled equations using normal coordinate corresponding to linear natural modes. In this report, the proposed method is applied to simulation for impact responses of a silicone block with an elastic structure (a S-shaped structure) by colliding with a concentrated mass. The concentrated mass has initial velocities and collides with the silicon block. Accelerations of the elastic structure and the concentrated mass are measured using Levitation Mass Method proposed by Fujii. The calculated accelerations from the proposed FEM, corresponds to the experimental ones.
Development of Mass Measurement Devices for Zero-Gravity Experiments
Authors: Mizuno Takeshi
Published: October 2010

A review of mass measurement devices developed by the author is presented. According to the measurement principles, the treated devices are classified into two types. The first type uses a dynamic vibration absorber as a device for both mass measurement and vibration control. The main advantage is no vibration transmitted into the surrounding structures during measurement. The second type uses relay feedback. The advantages are simpler mechanism and robustness against disturbances. In this article, the principles of measurement of each type are presented.
An Application of the Parameterization of all Disturbance Observers for Motor Control Experiment
Authors: Murakami Iwanori , Yamada Kou , Hagiwara Takaaki , Gong Da Zhi , Ando Yoshinori , Imai Yoichi , Kobayashi Masahiko
Published: October 2010

Disturbance observers have been used to estimate the disturbance in the plant. Recently, parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers for plants with any output disturbance were clarified. If parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers for plants with any output disturbance are used, there is a possibility that we can design control systems to attenuate unknown output disturbances effectively. From this viewpoint, a design method for control system to attenuate unknown output disturbances using parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers was proposed. However, an application of control system to attenuate unknown output disturbances using parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers for real plants in motion-control field is not examined. In this paper, we show the effectiveness of the control system to attenuate unknown output disturbances using parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers for the angular velocity and the angle control for motor control experiment.
Development of Jump Robot with Variable Interlocking Mechanism by Planetary Gear
Authors: Murakami Iwanori , Suzuki Kenta , Odaka Tsutomu , Ando Yoshinori , Yamada Kou
Published: October 2010

The biarticular muscle that synchronizes the knee joint with the ankle joint plays an important role in the jumping motion. In order to reproduce the biarticular muscle, in the present article, we have developed a jumping robot with a variable geared mechanism using a planetary gear. When the planetary gear is not used, the ankle joint movement synchronizes with the movement of the knee joint. By using the planetary gear, that rate becomes variable. The robot with two-joint gear mechanism can drive the ankle joint without driving the knee joint. Therefore, the robot can determine the direction of the jump from the movement of the ankle joint. The robot mimics the human jumping motion, and it executes the jump experiment. Therefore, the developed robot was able to satisfactorily mimic human jumping action, and its motion was analyzed.
Development of an Interface Based on Mouth Open/Close Motions
Authors: Nakazawa Nobuaki , Matsui Toshikazu , Yamada Kou
Published: October 2010

This paper suggests a new type interface using the user’s mouth open/close motions. The user’s face was observed by the USB camera and the changes in the darkness on the mouth image were utilized as an interface. In order to improve the procedure speed, the only image around the mouth was used for image processing. This focused image area could be moved according to the movement of the user’s face, based on the displacement of the nostril with respect to the original position. Moreover, the developed interface was applied to the operations of the meal support manipulator. In the test operation, the developed interface could be successfully used after a few times practices.
A Design Method for Robust Stabilizing Modified Repetitive Controllers for Time-Delay Plants
Authors: Ando Yoshinori , Yamada Kou , Nakazawa Nobuaki , Hagiwara Takaaki , Murakami Iwanori , Yamamoto Shun , Sakanushi Tatsuya
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we examine the parameterization of all robust stabilizing modified repetitive controllers for time-delay plants. The modified repetitive control system is a type of servomechanism designed for a periodic reference input. When modified repetitive control design methods are applied to real systems, the influence of uncertainties in the plant must be considered. The stability problem with uncertainty is known as the robust stability problem. Recently, the parameterization of all stabilizing modified repetitive controllers was obtained. Since the parameterization of all stabilizing modified repetitive controllers was obtained, we can express previous study of robust stabilizing modified repetitive controller in a uniform manner and can design a stabilizing modified repetitive controller systematically. However, the parameterization of all robust stabilizing modified repetitive controllers for time-delay plants has not been obtained. In this paper, we clarify the parameterization of all robust stabilizing modified repetitive controllers for time-delay plants.
A Design Method for Two-Degree-of-Freedom Simple Multi-Period Repetitive Control Systems
Authors: Ando Yoshinori , Sakanushi Tatsuya , Yamada Kou , Murakami Iwanori , Hagiwara Takaaki , Kobayashi Masahiko
Published: October 2010

The multi-period repetitive (MPR) control system is a type of servomechanism for periodic reference inputs. Using MPR controllers, transfer functions from the reference input to the output and from the disturbance to the output of the MPR control system have infinite numbers of poles. To specify the input-output characteristic and the disturbance attenuation characteristic easily, Yamada and Takenaga proposed MPR control systems, named simple multi-period repetitive (simple MPR) control systems, where these transfer functions have finite numbers of poles. In addition, Yamada and Takenaga clarified the parameterization of all stabilizing simple MPR controllers. However, using the simple MPR repetitive controller by Yamada and Takenaga, we cannot specify the input-output characteristic and the disturbance attenuation characteristic separately. From the practical point of view, it is desirable to specify the input-output characteristic and the disturbance attenuation characteristic separately. The purpose of this paper is to propose the parameterization of all stabilizing two-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) simple MPR controllers that can specify the input-output characteristic and the disturbance attenuation characteristic separately.
A Design Method for Modified Smith Predictors for Non-Minimum-Phase Time-Delay Plants with Multiple Feedback-Connected Time-Delays
Authors: Murakami Iwanori , Mai Nghia Thi , Yamada Kou , Hagiwara Takaaki , Ando Yoshinori , Yamamoto Hideharu
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we examine a design method for modified Smith predictors for non-minimum-phase time-delay plants with multiple feedback-connected time-delays. The Smith predictor is proposed by Smith to overcome time-delay and known as an effective time-delay compensator for a plant with large time-delay. The Smith predictor by Smith cannot be used for plants having an integral mode, because a step disturbance will result in a steady state error. Several papers considered the problem to design modified Smith predictors for unstable plants. However, no paper examines a design method for modified Smith predictors for non-minimum-phase time-delay plants with multiple feedback-connected time-delays. In this paper, we examine a design method for modified Smith predictors for non-minimum-phase time-delay plants with multiple feedback-connected time-delays.
The Parameterization of all Disturbance Observers for Plants with State Disturbance
Authors: Yamada Kou , Murakami Iwanori , Ando Yoshinori , Hagiwara Takaaki , Imai Yoichi , Gong Da Zhi , Aoyama Satoshi
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we examine the parameterization of all disturbance observers for plants with any state disturbance. The disturbance observers have been used to estimate the disturbance in the plant. Several papers on design methods of disturbance observers have been published. Recently, the parameterizations of all disturbance observers for plants with any output disturbance and all disturbance observers for plants with any input disturbance were clarified. However, no paper examines the parameterization of all disturbance observers for plants with any state disturbance. In this paper, we propose parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers for plants with any state disturbance.
The Parameterization of all Stabilizing Modified Repetitive Controllers for Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Plants with the Specified Input-Output Frequency Characteristic
Authors: Yamada Kou , Sakanushi Tatsuya , Hagiwara Takaaki , Murakami Iwanori , Ando Yoshinori , Yamamoto Shun , Nguyen Nhan Luong Thanh
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we examine the parameterization of all stabilizing modified repetitive controllers for multiple-input/multiple-output plants with the specified input-output frequency characteristic. The parameterization of all stabilizing modified repetitive controllers for non-minimum phase systems was solved by Yamada et al. However, when we design a stabilizing modified repetitive controller using the parameterization by Yamada et al., the input-output frequency characteristic of the control system cannot be settled so easily. The input-output frequency characteristic of the control systems is required to be easily settled. This problem is solved by obtaining the parameterization of all stabilizing modified repetitive controllers with the specified input-output frequency characteristic. However, no paper has proposed the parameterization of all stabilizing modified repetitive controllers for multiple-input/multiple-output plants with the specified input-output frequency characteristic. In this paper, we propose the parameterization of all stabilizing modified repetitive controllers for multiple-input/multiple-output plants with the specified input-output frequency characteristic.
Acoustic Analysis Using Finite Element Method Considering Effects of Damping Caused by Air Viscosity in Audio Equipment
Authors: Sasajima Manabu , Yamaguchi Takao , Hara Akira
Published: October 2010

The acoustic pathway in the enclosure of small headphones is very narrow. Therefore, the speed of sound propagation and the phase change because of the air viscosity. We have developed a new finite element method that considers the effects of damping due to air viscosity in the sound pathway. The new finite element method is obtained by improving the finite element method proposed by Yamaguchi for porous sound-absorbing materials. Moreover, we have attempted to obtain a numerical calculation of damping due to air viscosity by using the proposed finite element method.
Dynamic Responses for Viscoelastic Shock Absorbers to Protect a Finger under Impact Force
Authors: Yamaguchi Takao , Fujii Yusaku , Fukushima Toru , Kanai Tomoyuki , Nagai Kenichi , Maruyama Shinichi
Published: October 2010

This paper deals with dynamic responses of viscoelastic shock absorbers to protect a finger under impact forces by a sliding rigid object. The outline of the viscoelastic absorber is tube and the cross section of the absorber is in the shape of hollow semi circle. The sliding object having initial velocities collided with the absorbers. And the relevant restoring forces are measured using Levitation Mass Method proposed by Fujii. In this paper, we carry out numerical analysis of dynamic response for the viscoelastic absorbers under the same conditions with the experiment using LMM. The absorbers are modeled using a nonlinear concentrated spring with nonlinear hysteresis. This nonlinear spring is connected to the levitated block, which is modeled by three-dimensional finite elements. The experimental data are compared with the calculated ones using our proposed FEM.
High Frequency Vibration Analysis of Automotive Body Panels with Damping Materials
Authors: Kurosawa Yoshio , Yamaguchi Takao
Published: October 2010

We have developed a technique for estimating vibrations of an automotive body structures with viscoelastic damping materials using large-scale finite element (FE) model, which will enable us to grasp and to reduce high-frequency road noise（200～500Hz）. In the new technique, first order solutions for modal loss factors are derived applying asymptotic method. This method saves calculation time to estimate modal damping as a practical tool in the design stages of the body structures. Frequency responses were calculated using this technique and the results almost agreed with the test results. This technique can show the effect of the viscoelastic damping materials on the automotive body panels, and it enables the more efficient layout of the viscoelastic damping materials. Further, we clarified damping properties of the automotive body structures under coupled vibration between frames and panels with the viscoelastic damping materials.
AOI Techniques for Surface Defect Inspection
Authors: Lu Rong Sheng , Shi Yan Qiong , Li Qi , Yu Qing Ping
Published: October 2010

Recent years, automated optical inspection (AOI) is developed very fast along with the rapid development of the emerging industries of semiconductor, LCD, PCB, optical communication and precision assembly, and also widely used in the industries of robot, automobile, steel, textile, printing, medicine, etc. In this paper, we will take a review of the AOI techniques, which are used for defect inspection on a large surface, such as inspecting the quality of TFT-LCD glass substrate and filter. The AOI system architecture having high inspection speed is illustrated. Some key techniques of light illumination, distributed image processing and convey mechanism, are explained.
Research on Compensation of Nonlinearity in Heterodyne Interferometer
Authors: Hou Wen Mei , Ren Xiao
Published: October 2010

The demands of nano-measurement and nano-positioning now in research and industries become the challenge for heterodyne interferometer because its nonlinearity often limits the effective resolution. This paper introduces new developed method for compensation of the nonlinearity in heterodyne interferometer and explains what accuracy can be reached with demonstrations figured by the test results. On the basis of theoretical analyses and experimental investigations it shows which exactness can be expected.
Space Balance and Space Scale: Mass Measurement Devices (MMDs)
Authors: Fujii Yusaku , Maru Koichi , Shimada Kazuhito , Jin Tao , Thornton William
Published: October 2010

In this paper, mass measurement devices (MMDs) developing by the authors for use in the International Space Station (ISS) are reviewed. First, Space Balance, which is a small mass measurement device (SMMD), is reviewed. In Space Balance, the momentum conservation between two objects, the subject mass and the reference mass, are compared. Then Space Scale, which is a body mass measurement device (BMMD), is reviewed. In Space Scale, a human subject is pulled using rubber string. Force is measured using a force transducer and acceleration is measured using optical interferometer. Both Space Balance and Space Scale have shown high accuracies in the ground experiments.
BER Calculation of OOK Generated by Using MZI Incorporating with NRRs in a Fiber Optic System
Authors: Punthawanunt S. , Phattaraworamet T. , Mitatha S. , Yupapin P. Preecha
Published: October 2010

This paper presents the use of optical device system for OOK (On-Off Keying) generation. The system consists of a MZI (Mach-Zhender Interferometer) incorporated with NRR (Non-linear Ring Resonator) to generate and communicate in optical communication. The performance of the system is calculated in terms of bit error rate (BER). In simulation, a given Gaussian pulse is input into one arm of MZI, which one part of the input power is coupled into one arm which is connected to the series microring resonators, the other is formed the reference arm. The resonant output signals are obtained by the MZI output port, whereas the alternative switching signals can be seen. The resonant output is propagated into the optical system in the transmission line. By using the practical parameters, the link performance can be calculated which can be used to analyzed system performance.
Stress Measurement of Cantilever Beam under Dynamic Load by Holographic Particle-Tracking Velocimetry
Authors: Tanaka Yohsuke , Murata Shigeru
Published: October 2010

In this study, we observe the time-series of the stress field of a cantilever beam subjected to a dynamic load by using holographic Particle-Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). The beam (elastic modulus 2822 MPa, 3.95×20.45×2.99 mm3) is composed of a transparent acrylic resin containing dispersed tracer particles (average diameter: 60 µm).　The cantilever beam is subjected to a dynamic load (0 N to 10 N over 10 sec) at the tip. We compare the experimental and analytical values of the deflection at t = 10 sec. The RMS error is 24.5 µm with respect to the maximum deflection value of 657 µm.
Laser Doppler Velocimetry Using Integrated Waveguide Technology
Authors: Maru Koichi , Fujii Yusaku
Published: October 2010

Integrated laser Doppler velocimeters (LDVs) using integrated waveguide technology are reviewed. LDVs have been widely used to measure the velocity of a fluid flow or rigid object in various research and industries. However, bulk optical systems used in conventional measurement need special care from temperature change and vibration, which become the expected sources of uncertainty in measurement, due to large optical path length. Therefore, the optical system should be more compact. The LDV can be drastically reduced by using a planar lightwave circuit (PLC). The possibility for realizing several types of novel integrated LDVs, including a wavelength-insensitive LDV, a scanning LDV and a multi-point LDV, is discussed.
Proposal of Compact Optical System Using Planar Lightwave Circuit for Precision Measurement Based on Levitation Mass Method
Authors: Maru Koichi , Fujii Yusaku
Published: October 2010

A method for reducing the size and cost of optical system for precision measurement based on the Levitation Mass Method (LMM) is proposed. In the LMM, a mass levitated using a pneumatic linear bearing with sufficiently small friction is made to collide with the object being tested. The velocity and acceleration of the mass are measured using a compact optical interferometer. The size of the optical system can be drastically reduced by using a planar lightwave circuit (PLC), in which several optical elements are arranged on a planar surface of a silica or semiconductor substrate. Several applications of the PLC to precision measurement will be discussed.
Method Evaluation Computer Program for Quantitative Analysis of PBBs and PBDEs in Plastics
Authors: Sittidech Punnee , Sittidech Manop
Published: October 2010

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are substances used in electrical and electronic products. They are restricted substances due to their potential risk to human health and the environment. In this research work, a test method was evaluated for the quantitative analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in acrylonitrile-butadiene–styrene (ABS) plastic and polyethylene materials, based on solvent extraction of a plastic sample with soxhlet extraction techniques and detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We have also developed a computer program for checking the suitability of the analytical method by evaluating validation characteristics, including accuracy, precision, specificity/selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, range and sensitivity. The computer program was successfully applied for evaluation of the analytical method for prohibited PBBs and PBDEs in plastics. Graphical charts for the evaluation of the analytical method are presented along with their values, and researchers can get insight into evaluating several parameters together. It was found that the analytical method was able to quantify monobrominated - decabrominated biphenyl and monobrominated diphenyl ether–nonabrominated diphenyl ether between 100-1750 mg/kg and decabrominated diphenyl ether between 100–8,000 mg/kg. In addition, ERM-EC590 Polyethylene certified reference material from the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) was used to validate the analytical method for PBBs and PBDEs in plastics. The obtained accuracy and precision indicate that the method successfully meets the required accuracy expressed as % recovery (70-130%) and the required precision expressed as percentage relative standard deviation (less than 20% RSD) of the IEC 62321:2008 international standard method.
Research on New Type Medium-Power Synchronization IP Transmitter
Authors: Fu Guo Hong , Xiong Bin
Published: October 2010

A new medium-power frequency domain IP transmitter is developed in this paper, which uses the IP rectangle drive signal with high precision and good stability produced by CPLD and GPS punctual module, and adopts the four bridge legs of the new IPM to compose full bridge inverter switch. Experimental results show that this transmitter has many advantages, such as high precision frequency, high transmitting power, extremely good stability, portable and very good application effects.
The Calculation of 2.5D Transient Electromagnetic Response
Authors: Fu Guo Hong , Xiong Bin
Published: October 2010

A 2.5D finite element forward algorithm for TEM with block linear conductivity was put forward in this paper. Firstly, based on the Maxwell equations, 2-order dual differential equation along strike was obtained by Laplace and Fourier transform. Then finite element linear equation system was obtained from coupling differential equation by using the Galerkin method, and yields the numerical solution of 2.5D transient electromagnetic field. The conductivity in finite element mesh is linear but uniform. In addition, the total field is decomposed into background field and secondary field: the former is solved by analytical method, and the latter is calculated by numerical method. Finally, 2.5D transient electromagnetic response curves of several typical geoelectric section models were computed.
Novel Detection Technique for Triboelectricity under Perfect Noncontact Condition
Authors: Kurita Koichi
Published: October 2010

In this study, we propose a new concept for triboelectricity measurement technique based on the measurement of current generated by electrostatic induction. The proposed technique can detect the occurrence of triboelectricity from the contact between two objects under perfect noncontact and in situ conditions. An instantaneous change, which is generated on the object as a result of friction between the objects, is observed in the electric potential of the object. Therefore, we can detect the electrostatic induction current of the order of a few picoamperes flowing through an electrode that is placed at a distance of 50 cm from the object. In order to confirm the effectiveness of this technique, the electrostatic induction currents generated from prototype rotating equipment were measured. An occurrence model is proposed for the electrostatic induction current generated as a result of a change in the electric potential of the object.
Measurement in Social Life
Authors: Seiichi Serikawa , Kitazono Yuhki , Nakashima Shota
Published: October 2010

The extraction of event that cannot be detected with conventional equipment can be considered to be a precise measurement in the wide sense. In this paper, the measurement in social life is introduced. It is divided into three fields (global environment, living conditions, and life support and welfare). In each field, the method is introduced. Especially, an intelligent sensing technology is important. It is not only a measurement system for extraction of physical value, but also a system that acquires the information which human perceives and requires. The information is obtained by processing a physical value, judging, and recognizing. It is also important to examine the correlation of a physical value and a psychological value for the extraction of the information. Some examples on the study are shown. A comfortable and safe life is expected to be achieved because the measurement technology in social life advances further.
A Proposal of High-Performance Method for Distance Measuring Sensor United with PSD
Authors: Nakashima Shota , Nakamuta Takafumi , Kitazono Yuhki , Yang Shi Yuan , Seiichi Serikawa
Published: October 2010

In this study, we propose a sensor system to improve the performance of distance measurement using multiple paralleled position sensitive detector (PSD) sensors. The PSD sensor uses a light emitted diode (LED) to illuminate an object and measures the distance to the object by the position on the PSD of the gathered light from the object. The proposed sensor system uses two symmetrically paralleled PSD sensors to increase the measuring distance extent and accuracy. Experimental results showed that the proposed PSD sensor system has an enlarged measuring extent, and has a measuring accuracy better than or equal to the conventional one.
Proposal of an Optical Linear Sensor Using One-Side Frosted Glass
Authors: Kitazono Yuhki , Nakashima Shota , Zhang Li Feng , Seiichi Serikawa
Published: October 2010

Sensors that detect the distance and the position of an object are used in a lot of fields. Among of them, the sensors that measure the shift value of an object are a large scale system, furthermore, an accurate mounting of these sensors is required. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an optical linear sensor using one-side frosted glass. This sensor can detect the position of the light irradiation point only by putting it directly on the target. For a parallel light, it is irrelevant to the distance between this sensor and the source of light because the size of light beam is unchanged according to the distance. This sensor assumes that the sensor’s surface irradiated roughly vertical with the light, and does not need a high accurate mounting. Therefore, it can be easily used.
Proposal of Driver Symbol Mark Detection Using One-Dimensional Histogram Figure Extraction Method
Authors: Liu Yue , Kitazono Yuhki , Nakashima Shota , Zhang Li Feng , Seiichi Serikawa
Published: October 2010

Nowadays, research and development in vehicle safety system has been intensively conducted. In the research field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), various suggestions have been made concerning road signs which can be automatically recognized by driver-support systems. But, human factors are important risks of traffic accidents. However, research is focused on road signs, in the driver information analysis is not enough. So, in this study we describe a new method to extract driver symbol mark using one-dimensional histogram. The method utilizes the Polytope method which is one of minimization algorithms. For the extraction of figures, one-dimensional histogram is used. On the method of this study, the algorithm is simple, the memory space is very small, and the processing time is very short.
A Study of Characteristic Signal Propagation Buried Pipeline 1
Authors: Oohira Hisashi , Seiichi Serikawa
Published: October 2010

The propagation constant measurement system was developed for long distance pipelines based on a distributed constant theory for the purpose of maintenance and management of long distance pipelines buried underground, and it was applied for the first time to a 14-killometer pipeline buried underground. This system is based upon the application of the distributed constant theory, and includes facilities to apply an ac signal from the central part of the pipeline, and measure the actual values and phases of voltage and electric current of the ac signal running through the pipeline, at either both ends or between them. In order to accurately measure the phase difference between the two separate points, a reference signal fabricated at 1 PPS (1 pulse per sec) in a GPS (Global Positioning System) was used. With this system, direct measurement of the propagation constant and characteristic impedance of a pipeline buried underground was realized for the first time.
A Study of Characteristic Signal Propagation Buried Pipeline 2
Authors: Oohira Hisashi , Seiichi Serikawa
Published: October 2010

It was reported in the previous report that the propagation constant measuring system for long distance pipelines was produced based upon the distribution constant theory for the purpose of maintenance and management of long distance pipelines buried underground and to have a system to directly measure the propagation constants and characteristic impedance of the pipeline buried underground. This time, a simulator for the signal propagation of a pipeline, referring to these actual measurement values, was constructed and various signal modes were simulated. On the prediction of accidents where heavy-construction equipment, such as backhoe or boring machine, has contact with a pipeline and damages the coating of pipeline, the damage simulations with a backhoe and boring machine were performed and the fault resistances of these heavy-construction pieces of equipment at the time of accidents were identified. As a result, it was revealed that the fault resistance generated by the metal-to-metal contact caused by the boring machine, which damages pipeline the most, was approximately 20-50Ω when water was used, and that caused by the backhoe was approximately 100Ω. In order to verify the detectable property of this system, a simulation was performed to determine how each distributed constant changed when this degree of grounding faults occurred in the monitoring section of the pipeline, and validated it with an actual pipeline.
Binocular Stereo Vision Based-Recognition of 3D Shapes in Life Space Employing Fuzzy Clustering-Based Modeling in Enlarged Dimension
Authors: Kawano Hideaki , Orii Hideaki , Maeda Hiroshi
Published: October 2010

Obtaining visual information is a crucial issue for autonomous robots. Indeed per¬ception of 3D depth information can be achieved by 3D measurement instruments such as laser range fingers and stereo visions, but the obtained range data is no more than a cloud 3d coordinate data. To obtain meaningful information for objects, more advanced intellgent sens¬ing is required. In this paper, a fuzzy-clustering-based modeling method of multiple quadric surfaces in a scene is proposed. This method is intended for scenes involving multiple objects, where each object is approximated by a primitive model. The proposed method is composed of three steps. In the first step, 3D data is reconstructed using a stereo matching technique from a stereo image whose scene involves multiple objects. Next, the 3D data is divided into a single object by employing fuzzy c-means accompanied by principal component analysis (PCA) and a criterion with respect to the number of clusters. Finally, the shape of each object is extracted by fuzzy c-varieties with noise clustering. The proposed method was evaluated with respect to some pilot scenes whose ground truth data is known, and it was shown to specify each location and each shape for multiple objects very well.
Extraction of Building Facades in Urban Space and Texture Mapping to 3D Polygon Map by Using In-Vehicle Camera
Authors: Kawano Hideaki , Orii Hideaki , Kuwano Hiroto , Irie Tohru , Maeda Hiroshi
Published: October 2010

Due to the wide diffusion of 3D maps, supporting tool for constructing the 3D maps are required. Individual information necessary for constructing the 3D maps is gathered by some measurement instruments. For example, 3D information and wall textures are acquired by triangulation (or GPS measurement) and optical devices, respectively. Building polygons in a 3D map can be constructed easily by combining the 3D (height) information and a 2D map. It is, however, difficult to obtain an appropriate texture for an arbitrary building polygon by combining those measurements information. In general, the texture mapping with the acquired image is performed manually. However, it takes huge costs to perform in a wide area. Therefore, the demand of the automation is extremely high. In this study, we aim to automatize the texture mapping by image information from the in-vehicle camera. An in-vehicle camera has the advantage that it is possible to take a picture of the building wall while driving over the broad area. But, the vibration and the traffic have influences on the photography environment. As a result, it is difficult to specify the building area in the image. In the proposed method, tracks of the camera are calculated from the acquired continuous image, the building area that corresponds to the polygon on the map is specified. In this paper, we described our observation about the result of a miniature model.
Precision Force Measurement Using the Levitation Mass Method (LMM)
Authors: Fujii Yusaku , Maru Koichi , Jin Tao , Yamaguchi Takao
Published: October 2010

This paper reviewed the present status and the future prospects of a method for precision mass and force measurement based on levitation mass method (LMM). The LMM has been proposed and improved by the author The mass which levitated using a pneumatic linear bearing in LMM is used to producte a inertial force which used as the reference force applied to the objects under test, such as to force sensor calibration, material and structure test. The inertial force is calibrated only from Doppler shift frequency. The stability of laser’s wavelength has improved in the LMM. The futhure work and the method to improve the precision have described.
A SIFT Feature-Based Template Matching Method for Detecting and Counting Objects in Life Space
Authors: Kawano Hideaki , Orii Hideaki , Shiraishi Katsuaki , Maeda Hiroshi
Published: October 2010

Autonomous robots are at advanced stage in various fields, and they are expected to autonomously work at the scenes of nursing care or medical care in the near future. In this paper, we focus on object counting task by images. Since the number of objects is not a mere physical quantity, it is difficult for conventional phisical sensors to measure such quantity and an intelligent sensing with higher-order recognition is required to accomplish such counting task. It is often that we count the number of objects in various situations. In the case of several objects, we can recognize the number at a glance. On the other hand, in the case of a dozen of objects, the task to count the number might become troublesome. Thus, simple and easy way to enumerate the objects automatically has been expected. In this study, we propose a method to recognize the number of objects by image. In general, the target object to count varies according to user's request. In order to accept the user's various requests, the region belonging to the desired object in the image is selected as a template. Main process of the proposed method is to search and count regions which resembles the template. To achieve robustness against spatial transformation, such as translation, rotation, and scaling, scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) is employed as a feature. To show the effectiveness, the proposed method is applied to few images containing everyday objects, e.g., binders, cans etc.
Statistical Analysis and Psychological Evaluation of Surfaces under Various Illuminations
Authors: Shahera Hossain , Seiichi Serikawa
Published: October 2010

Perceptions of image surface are very challenging work for computer vision. Human can amazingly expert at recognizing the reflective properties of surfaces of various materials which a robot can not do easily so far. Smoothly we can differentiate a shiny metallic sphere from the plastic sphere of similar dimensions and structure. In this paper, various image surfaces are analyzed according to various image statistics for robot vision systems. Identification of synonymous objects under various real-world illumination or other environments are very daunting task. However, this is very challenging and crucial for machine vision systems. Both statistical analyses and human evaluation by various subjects under rigorous illumination conditions, we find significant improvement in our analysis and emphasis the importance of statistical evaluation of surfaces for computer vision. Our findings clearly demonstrate that skewness has direct resemblance with the surface glossiness-level. Intensity histogram also shows crucial clue for surface analysis.
Real-Time Human Interface Driven by Eye Movement Event-Related Potential Pattern Recognition
Authors: Sumiya Hideyasu , Itoh Takuma
Published: October 2010

In recent, brain function field analysis attracts concentrated attention, especially on the significant study about BMI (Brain-machine Interface) using fMRi, NIR[1-5], EEG. However, it is known that there exists a problem for the use of an input support device with this serious problem on considerable time for extracting characteristic event related pattern from brain wave and for the large-scale and large-amount device itself such as the MRI equipment. This study aims at rapid BMI pattern recognition for the eye-ball movement, which is considered to be removed a factor from EEG as an artifact [6]. We investigated the repeatability of eye-ball movement Event Related scalp electroencephalogram Potential (ERP) and the characteristics, which possess steady, high voltage and 50ms prompt reaction. As the ERP pattern discriminator, this paper proposes 2 methods, ISE based Euclid Norm and linear mapped Euclid Norm methods.
Active Damping Using N4SID Model Referenced Predictive Anti-Phase Pitch Driving Method
Authors: Sumiya Hideyasu , Akagi Kazuaki
Published: October 2010

Vibration suppression control considering elastic part deformation is one of the indispensable issues in the precision engineering field and a high-density LSI circuit processing[1]. This study aims at suppressing the induced vibration at rapid positioning operation using the N4SID (Subspace State Space model Identification) Model Referenced predictive Anti-phase pitch Driving Active Damping (N4SID-MRAD) and improve the positioning performance limit generated by conventional PID feedback control with existing actuator, which has low dynamic characteristics with a time lag. This control method consists of reduced order model identification (model order reduction using N4SID concept: offline process) and predictive control using the counter pitch driving based on the model output (: on-line process). This method was applied to principal axis vibration suppression of three axes positioning machine driven by a ball screw feeding mechanism to control the probe tip end positioning in feeding rod axis. The result showed that amplitude of residual vibration at the probe tip end suppressed with conventional PI controlled and the 77% performance improvement under low stable conditions that Balanced Realization could not be applied.
Object Tracking System by Pan-Tilt Cameras and Arm Robot Using Particle Filter
Authors: Ukida Hiroyuki , Yamanaka Yasuyuki , Inoue Masahiro , Kawanami Masayuki
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we propose an object tracking system using an arm robot and two pan-tilt cameras. By combining these devices, we realize the high speed and wide range object tracking method. In order to trace an object, we must find the pattern of object in camera images. To perform fast object detection, we employ a method of the particle filter which describes object location probabilistically. In experiments, our tracking system can trace objects which move surround of the system, and we can confirm effectiveness of proposed method.
Recovering Shape of a Specular Object in the Presence of Interreflection
Authors: Li Li , Ohtani Kozo , Baba Mitsuru
Published: October 2010

Active triangulation methods assume that points in a scene are only illuminated by the sources of light. However, this assumption is valid when the light is reflected at one time from a single convex surface. Actual objects often include concave surfaces where points reflect light between themselves. In the presence of these interreflections, active triangulation methods produce erroneous estimates of shape. In this paper, an approach is proposed to recover the shape of a specular object in the presence of interreflection, with prior knowledge on the shape information of the specular object or not. Both simulation and experiment results proved that the proposed approach was effective.