bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eperythrozoon wenyonii infection in dairy cattle
Authors: Smith John A. , Thrall Mary Anna , Smith Joni L. , Salman Mowafak D. , Ching Shelley V. , Collins James K
Published: December 2023

Approximately 10 of 100 young heifers that had recently delivered their first calf—members of a large Colorado dairy herd—had a syndrome of swollen teats and distal portions of the hind limbs, prefemoral lymphadenopathy, transient fever, rough coat, decreased milk production, and subsequent weight loss and reproductive inefficiency. Acute clinical signs of disease were associated with large numbers of Eperythrozoon wenyonii seen on blood smears, and resolution of signs correlated with reduction or disappearance of the parasite. Other known causes of peripheral edema could not be documented. The parasite was transmitted to 4 of 7 nonlactating dairy cows destined to be culled and a splenectomized calf via IV inoculation of blood from parasitemic heifers, but clinical signs of infection were not induced.
Comparison of two doses of aqueous bovine thyrotropin for thyroid function testing in dogs
Authors: Beale Karin Muth , Helm Larence J. , Keisling Karen
Published: December 2023

Thyroid function was evaluated in 20 healthy dogs by thyrotropin (tsh) response testing. Two dose regimens were used: 5 IU of tsh given iv and 1 IU of tsh given iv. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 4 and 6 hours after tsh administration. Serum was obtained and analyzed for total 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine (T4) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. All dogs were classified as euthyroid on the basis of response to 5 IU of tsh at 4 and 6 hours. The 1-IU dose of tsh failed to induce adequate increase in T4 concentration in 7 dogs at 4 and 6 hours when the criteria for normal response were post-tsh serum concentration T4 ≥ 3.0 μg/dl and serum T4 increase by ≥ 100% over baseline serum T4 concentration. One IU of tsh induced increase in serum T4 concentration over baseline; however, the increase was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that in response to a 5-IU dose at 6 hours after administration of tsh.
Cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves: 277 cases (1986-1987)
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Zeman David H.
Published: December 2023

From January 1986 through December 1987, 277 cases of cryptosporidiosis in calves were diagnosed by the South Dakota State University Diagnostic Laboratory. Cryptosporidium sp was the only pathogen identified in 142 (51.3%) of the calves. Concurrent infections with rotavirus, coronavirus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, bovine viral diarrhea virus, or other pathogens were identified in the remaining 135 calves. After elimination of cases involving autolyzed specimens or calves with chronic diarrhea, records of 11 calves with acute, severe cryptosporidiosis were identified in which Cryptosporidium sp was the only pathogen.
Implementation and evaluation of a strategic parasite control program for captive exotic ungulates
Authors: Boyce Walter , Allen Jack , Himmelwright Craig , Elliott Lee , Mikolon Andrea , Mazet Jonna , Gardner Ian
Published: December 2023

A parasite control program was designed for > 1,200 exotic ungulates maintained in mixed-species enclosures at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Three strategically-timed anthelmintic treatments were given during 1988-1989, and their success was evaluated by monitoring pretreatment and posttreatment fecal egg counts. Adequate parasite control was achieved for animals in 52 ungulate species, as evidenced by low pretreatment egg counts and the absence of egg-shedding after treatment. However, animals belonging to 11 species in the subfamilies Antilopinae, Hippotraginae, and Caprinae were identified as important targets for more intensive control efforts because they shed either > 100 eggs/g of feces before treatment, or > 0 eggs/g after treatment, at 2 or more sampling periods. These results and observations were used to generate management recommendations and illustrate how a model parasite control program can be developed for collections of exotic ungulates.
Cache Valley virus infection in Texas sheep flocks
Authors: Chung S. I. , Livingston C. W. , Jones C. W. , Collisson E. W.
Published: December 2023

Cache Valley virus (cvv), an arbovirus indigenous to the United States, has been implicated as an important teratogenic agent in sheep. The prevalence and distribution of Texas sheep with cvv-specific antibody were investigated. In 1981, 19.1% of 366 sheep located in 22 counties of Texas had antibodies specific for cvv. Of 50 flocks examined in the major sheep-producing counties in Texas, 34 had sheep with antibodies that reacted with cvv, including all sheep tested in 6 flocks that were seropositive. Sera obtained from sheep at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at San Angelo between 1986 and 1989 were also examined for cvv-specific antibody because this flock was the subject of the episode of cvv-associated congenital malformations during the 1986 and 1987 lambing season. Approximately 8.6% of 104 sheep in 1986, 63.4% of 164 in 1987, 11.3% of 44 in 1988, and 71.9% of 89 in 1989 from the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at San Angelo tested were seropositive. The data indicate that cvv infections in sheep were widespread in Texas in 1981 and that the virus is enzootic in sheep at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in San Angelo, where the episode of congenital malformations had initially been reported in 1987.
Evaluation of the safety of ivermectin administered in a beef-based formulation to ivermectin-sensitive Collies
Authors: Fassler P. E. , Tranquilli W. J. , Paul A. J. , Soll M. D. , DiPietro J. A. , Todd K. S.
Published: December 2023

Twenty-four Collies sensitive to the toxic effects of ivermectin, when administered at high dosages, were studied to evaluate the effects of repeated monthly treatment with an ivermectin beef-based formulation at amounts up to 10 times the dosage recommended for heartworm prevention in dogs. Collies were treated 3 times at 30-day intervals at rates of 12, 36, or 60 μg of ivermectin/kg of body weight, or with vehicle. Complete physical and neurologic examinations were performed on all dogs prior to the first treatment and after the final treatment. Clinical observations and ivermectin reaction scores were recorded daily for each dog throughout the study.

Clinical or neurologic signs characteristic of ivermectin toxicosis were not observed for any dog during the study. Single episodes of vomiting were recorded for 2 vehicle-treated dogs and 2 dogs treated with ivermectin at 12 μg/kg from 6 to 21 days after treatment. At the end of the study, all dogs were challenge-exposed with ivermectin at 120 μg/kg to reconfirm their sensitivity to this class of compounds. All dogs developed signs typical of ivermectin toxicosis during the subsequent 48- to 72-hour period.

Results of this study demonstrated that ivermectin can be administered repeatedly without adverse effects at rates up to 60 μg/kg (10 times the recommended use level) to Collies known to be sensitive to this drug.
Osteogenic sarcoma and cisplatin chemotherapy in dogs: 16 cases (1986-1989)
Authors: Kraegel Susan A. , Madewell Bruce R. , Simonson Eric , Gregory Clare R.
Published: December 2023

Sixteen dogs, given adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy after amputation for osteogenic sarcoma of the appendicular skeleton, had a median survival time of 413 days. Ten dogs (62%) were alive 1 year after amputation. Dogs were given cisplatin at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 of body surface every 4 weeks for a total of 6 cisplatin treatments, or until metastatic disease was detected. Cisplatin chemotherapy was well-tolerated by most dogs, with only 1 dog developing serious gastrointestinal toxicosis, requiring hospitalization. Results of this study support other investigators' findings that when a cisplatin chemotherapy-based protocol is administered, survival times after amputation can be prolonged for dogs with osteogenic sarcoma.
Veterinary education with career emphasis: A partnership with private, public, and corporate veterinary practice
Authors: Eyre Peter
Published: December 2023

The Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine responded to the Pew-sponsored National Veterinary Education Program by proposing a Center for Government and Corporate Veterinary Medicine. The Center is currently providing, through elective course offerings and practical experiences, a senior clinical curriculum that permits career emphasis in a number of species areas, in addition to a unique program for graduates wishing to enter the field of public and corporate veterinary medicine. The Center is also developing post-veterinary school education for advanced degrees (PhD, MS) and residency training in public and corporate fields, and for midcareer updating and changes of career emphasis.
Ovariectomy by colpotomy in cows
Authors: Drost M. , Savio J. D. , Barros C. M. , Badinga L. , Thatcher W. W.
Published: December 2023

For the purpose of collecting active ovarian structures for cell culture, unilateral ovariectomy (n = 34 ovaries) was performed per vagina on 17 dairy cows having normal estrous cycles, bilateral ovariectomy was performed on 9 (n = 18 ovaries) dairy cows, and corpora lutea (n = 13) were removed from 11 beef cows having normal estrous cycles. None of the cows was clinically ill after the operation. Nine of 37 cows developed adhesions of both uterine horns and the body of the uterus. Three instruments were used to perform colpotomy. The described surgical technique for removal of the ovaries or corpora lutea is practical and inexpensive, and has low morbidity associated with it.
Closure of the iliac crest ossification center in dogs: 750 cases (1980-1987)
Authors: Fagin Bennett D. , Aronson Everett , Gutzmer Mark A.
Published: December 2023

Radiographs of 750 dogs were examined to determine whether the iliac crest ossification center was open or closed. The center was closed in most dogs by 2 years of age. Eighteen percent of dogs ≥ 10 years old had open iliac crest ossification center; 10% of dogs ≥ 14 years old had open iliac crest ossification center. Closure of the iliac crest ossification center is extremely variable and, in many dogs, occurs at later age than has been previously reported.
Effects of selenium supplementation in cattle on aquatic ecosystems in northern California
Authors: Norman Ben , Nader Glenn , Oliver Michael , Delmas Rick , Drake Daniel , George Holly
Published: December 2023

The potential impact on aquatic ecosystems of supplementing the diets of beef cattle with selenium (Se) was studied on 4 northern California ranches. All study sites included an area of concentrated use by cattle that had diets supplemented with Se. In each case, a stream flowed through the site and provided a control sampling area upstream and a treated sampling area downstream. Specimens of water, sediment, algae, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish were analyzed fluorometrically for total Se content. Significant differences in Se concentration were not found between specimens from upstream control areas and those from downstream areas subjected to use by Se-treated cattle. Evidence was not found that Se supplementation in cattle at maximal permitted concentrations caused Se accumulation in associated aquatic ecosystems.
Flavobacterium indologenes infection in leopard frogs
Authors: Olson M. E. , Gard S. , Brown M. , Hampton R. , Morck D. W.
Published: December 2023

An investigation of an epidemic of infectious disease in a frog (Rana pipiens) colony was conducted. Six of 40 frogs in a continuous (once through) water flow housing system had weight loss, swollen abdomen, corneal edema, uveitis, subcutaneous edema, petechial hemorrhage, incoordination, and respiratory distress. The frogs had lesions consistent with bacterial septicemia. A gram-negative, nonfermenting bacillus, Flavobacterium indologenes (Flavobacterium sp biovar IIb), was isolated in pure culture from tissues and blood.

The clinical isolate was used to inoculate healthy frogs SC. An isolate identical to the one isolated from the sick frogs was recovered from tissues and blood of the inoculated frogs. Inoculation of the housing water in a nonflow-through system did not result in disease, despite proliferation of the Flavobacterium spp in the water; therefore, it is likely that establishment of infection requires the presence of the organism in sufficient numbers and a portal of entry into the body.
Association between water sulfate and diarrhea in swine on Ohio farms
Authors: Veenhuizen M. Fleck
Published: December 2023

Water samples and survey information related to prevalence of diarrhea, pathogens isolated, history of water quality problems, source of water, geographic location, land use, and water use were obtained from 54 swine farms in Ohio. Water was analyzed for concentration of sulfates and total dissolved solids by use of ion chromatography and electrical conductivity techniques. Sulfate concentrations in drinking water for swine ranged from 5.99 to 1,629 mg/L, with a mean of 231.78 mg/L and a median of 85.39 mg/L. Mean concentration of total dissolved solids was 632.2 mg/L, with a median of 581 mg/L and a range of 175 to 2,058 mg/L. Concentrations of water sulfate and total dissolved solids were highly correlated (P = 0.001). Sulfate concentrations were correlated with geographic location. Higher concentrations were found in the northern and western regions of Ohio. Associations between sulfate concentrations and prevalence of diarrhea, pathogens isolated, or source of water could not be established, but water sulfate concentrations significantly (P = 0.0002) increased with depth of the well. Water sulfate concentration could be approximated when geographic location, depth of well, and concentration of total dissolved solids were known. Sixty-nine percent (37/54) of the participating farms in the study had not had any laboratory-confirmed reports of diarrhea in swine in the preceding 2 years. Of those reporting diarrhea, most signs of disease were detected in pigs < 2 weeks old or in young pigs within 2 weeks of entry into the nursery.
Effect of intrauterine antimicrobial treatment in reducing calving-to-conception interval in cows with endometritis
Authors: Thurmond Mark C. , Jameson Connor M. , Picanso John P.
Published: December 2023

A prospective clinical trial was conducted on 2 large dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California to determine whether a single intrauterine infusion with procaine penicillin G or oxytetracycline reduced the calving-to-conception interval in cows with endometritis. Cows with endometritis were randomly assigned to a treatment or a control group. The uterus of treated cows on 1 dairy was infused with 0.8 to 1.0 million U of procaine penicillin G in 40 ml of sterile water, and the uterus of treated cows on the other dairy was infused with 500 mg of Oxytetracycline in 20 ml of sterile water, both of which were typical doses used on dairies in the area. A difference was not observed in the cumulative proportion of cows remaining nonpregnant between 87 penicillin-treated and 77 control cows on the 1 dairy (P = 0.356), or between 74 oxytetracycline-treated and 62 control cows on the other dairy (P = 0.174). Results suggest that routine infusion of antibiotics to treat endometritis, as commonly practiced, may not be efficacious.
Growth and microbial flora of nonmedicated, segregated, early weaned pigs from a commercial swine operation
Authors: Dritz Steve S. , Chengappa M. M. , Nelssen James L. , Tokach Michael D. , Goodband Robert D. , Nietfeld Jerome C. , Staats Jacque J.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine whether segregated, early weaned pigs have better growth performance and different microbial flora than those of pigs raised on-site.

Design

Prospective, observational study.

Animals

Pigs from a commercial operation that were known to be infected with several common swine pathogens.

Procedure

Pigs (7 to 10 days old) were weaned and segregated from the farm of origin and compared with littermate control pigs (14 to 17 days old) that were weaned and raised on-site. Pig weight was measured and microbial flora were isolated at 14-day intervals for 84 days, beginning when the pigs were 7 to 10 days old.

Results

At 50 days of age, the segregated, early weaned pigs had a mean weight of 23.7 kg, compared with a mean weight of 12.5 kg for control pigs. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from fewer segregated, early weaned pigs than from controls. Signs of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection were detected in control pigs but not in segregated early weaned pigs. Clinical, serologic, or bacteriologie signs of early postnatal vertical transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumonias were not detected in either group.

Clinical Implication

Vertical transmission of M hyopneumoniae was prevented by weaning pigs at 7 to 10 days of age and segregating them off-site, without the use of medication. Although medicated controls were not compared, results from this herd revealed that use of antibiotics is not the most important factor for disease control in segregated, early weaning programs. Minimizing antibiotic use in disease-control protocols reduces costs as well as removes the need for extra-label drugs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:711–715)
Management variables associated with high mortality rates attributable to respiratory tract problems in female calves prior to weaning
Authors: Losinger Willard C. , Heinrichs A. Jud
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To identify risk factors associated with high mortality rates attributable to respiratory tract problems in female calves prior to weaning.

Design—

Cross-sectional national survey.

Sample Population—

1,685 dairies.

Procedure—

Dairies that had ≥ 3 female calves that were born by a herd member or purchased during a 3-month period were classified into operations with high or low mortality rates attributable to respiratory tract problems in female calves prior to weaning. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify management practices associated with high mortality rates caused by respiratory tract problems.

Results—

1,363 of 47,057 (2.9%) calves died of respiratory tract problems during a 3-month period. Management variables associated with high mortality rates caused by respiratory tract problems were housing of ≥ 7 calves in a group and rolling herd average for milk production of ≤ 9,072 kg. Also, dairies located in the West or Southeast had higher mortality rates.

Clinical Implications—

Dairy operators that house calves in large groups prior to weaning may need to pay close attention to respiratory tract illness in their calves. Herds with high milk production have lower mortality from respiratory tract illness than herds with low milk production. Dairies in the West and Southeast have higher mortality attributable to respiratory tract problems than dairies in other regions of the country. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1756–1759)
Economic evaluation of risks to producers who use milk residue testing programs
Authors: Slenning Barrett Durand , Gardner Ian Andrew
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To evaluate the decision to test for milk antimicrobial residues in milk from dairy cows treated with procaine penicillin G (PPG).

Design—

Economic-decision analysis after stochastic simulation.

Sample Population—

1,000 computer-simulated cows/model.

Procedure—

Meta-analysis of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank was used to generate PPG disappearance curves for cows given single PPG treatments, IM, of 6,600 U/kg (3,000 U/Ib) of body weight or 26,400 U/kg (12,000 U/lb), and multiple treatments at 26,400 U/kg (12,000 U/lb), IM. These curves were entered into 1,000-replication stochastic pharmacokinetic models, generating population-level milk PPG profiles for each treatment group for each day after treatment, which were subjected to economic-decision analyses of feasibility of residue testing. The model was evaluated for changes in herd size, proportion of herd available for testing, milk production, test price, test sensitivity/specificity, and withdrawal periods.

Results—

For both single-treatment groups, a 2-day withdrawal period avoided violative residues. However, nearly two thirds of the cows risked false identification for violative residues. For the multiple-treated group, nearly 40% had violative residues after a 5-day withdrawal period, and an additional 10 to 15% risked false identification for violative residues. Economic analysis yielded a decision against testing; mean cost was $2 (ie, 5% more than the mean cost of not testing).

Clinical Implications—

Complex dynamics of current milk residue tests discourage practitioners from recommending procedures to clients. In general, increases in herd size, milk production, proportion of a herd available for testing, or milk price will increase the value of testing. Increasing test sensitivity decreases its desirability to producers. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:419–427)
Epidemiologic study of cats and dogs affected by the 1991 Oakland fire
Authors: Heath Sebastian E. , Kass Phil , Hart Lynette , Zompolis Greg
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify risk factors of pets affected by the 1991 Oakland, Calif fire for being lost, found, adopted, or reunited with owners.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Animals

1,075 cats and 197 dogs affected by the fire and 221 cats and 128 dogs not affected by the fire.

Procedures

Records compiled from 1991 to 1995 by the Oakland Firestorm Pet Hotline were analyzed.

Results

Peak activity for the hotline was on days 3 and 4 after the fire, but decreased to a low, steady rate by day 21. Many pets were found that had been abandoned or were part of a large free-roaming population that existed at the time of the fire. Many were missing after the fire and presumed killed. The longer owners delayed looking for their pet, the lower the chance of being reunited. Pets wearing collars with the owners' names and addresses had a more than 10-fold chance of being reunited, compared with pets without collars. Increasing odds for adoption of lost pets was associated with their proximity to the fire.

Clinical Implications

Hotlines set up after sudden impact disasters, such as the Oakland Firestorm Pet Hotline, will probably register primarily abandoned animals. Reunion of pets with their owners appears to be most likely for those that receive an overall better level of care than pets found at other times. Adoption of pets after this disaster was primarily by the person who found that animal and principally resulted when the pet was found close to the disaster area. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:504-511)
Orbital lymphosarcoma associated with reticuloendotheliosis virus in a peafowl
Authors: Miller Paul E. , Paul-Murphy Joanne , Sullivan Ruth , Cooley A. James , Dubielzig Richard R. , Murphy Christopher J. , Fadly Aly M.
Published: December 2023

Lymphosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnoses of exophthalmia in Indian peafowl.

Complications of orbital exenteration in birds may include profound oculocardiac reflex and hemorrhage. Orbital bleeding may be controlled by direct pressure, electrocautery, topical administration of bovine thrombin, and application of sterile gelatine sponges and oxidized regenerated cellulose. Blood transfusions may be necessary.

Reticuloendotheliosis virus may play a role in the genesis of lymphosarcoma in peafowl.
Management factors affecting the risk for vesicular stomatitis in livestock operations in the western United States
Authors: Hurd H. Scott , McCluskey Brian J. , Mumford Elizabeth L.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To identify management factors affecting the risk of animals developing vesicular stomatitis (VS).

Design

Case-control study.

Animals

Horses, cattle, and sheep with suspected vesicular stomatitis on 395 premises in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona.

Procedure

Data were collected during the VS outbreak of 1997. Diagnosticians interviewed livestock owners and completed a supplemental questionnaire. Cases were defined as those premises that had a completed questionnaire and had ≥ 1 animal positive for VS. Control premises were all premises investigated that had a completed questionnaire and on which the animals had been tested but VS was not detected.

Results

Animals that had access to a shelter or barn had a reduced risk of developing VS (OR, 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.99). This effect was more pronounced for equine premises (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.9). Conversely, during an adjusted analysis on equine premises, risk of developing disease was increased slightly where animals had access to pasture (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.7). On all premises where owners reported insect populations were greater than normal, odds of developing disease were significantly increased (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.47 to 4.47). Premises with animals housed < 0.25 miles from running water were more than twice as likely to have clinical signs of VS (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.32 to 5.0).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

These results support reports of others that suggest biting insects are a vector in VS virus transmission. Management practices to reduce exposure to biting insects might reduce the risk of VS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1263–1268)
Use of infrared thermography to detect inflammation caused by contaminated growth promotant ear implants in cattle
Authors: Spire Mark F. , Drouillard James S. , Galland John C. , Sargeant Jan M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare the infrared thermographic appearance of bovine ears that had received contaminated growth promotant implants with ears that had received clean implants and ears without implants.

Design

Prospective study.

Animals

32 yearling crossbred beef steers with a mean weight of 322 kg (708 lbs).

Procedure

Contaminated (n = 16) and clean (16) implants were placed in the ears of feedlot cattle. Nonimplanted (n = 32) ears served as a within-animal control for thermographic comparisons. Images of rostral and caudal surfaces were obtained during a 21-day period, using an infrared thermal imaging radiometer. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the relationship between mean temperature in a zone on the rostral surface of the ear and at 3 locations (proximal, middle, distal) on the caudal surface of the ear (response variables) with treatment (ears with contaminated implants or clean implants vs control ears with no implants), time (repeated day of measurement), and interactions among these variables.

Results

Significant temperature differences existed between ears with contaminated implants and control ears. Temperatures for ears with clean implants were significantly higher than control ears on day 2. At low ambient temperatures when the ears became wet, a greater temperature contrast was detected between ears with contaminated implants and control ears.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Thermal imaging of the ears of feedlot cattle is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that can be used to identify cattle with abscesses caused by contaminated growth-promotant implants. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1320–1324)
Smart City Strategies in Slovak Cities
Authors: MACHYNIAK Ján , MIKUŠ Dalibor , DZUREKOVÁ Kristína , SROVNALÍKOVÁ Paulína
Published: December 2023

The concept of Smart City represents a resonating theme in the world, which is based on the efforts of the creators of this concept to increase the quality of life in cities. In recent years, it has gradually become a phenomenon that cities around the world are trying to apply. The reason for its introduction is the added value in the form of more efficient functioning of human society, as according to the data available so far, it increases safety in the city, enables more efficient transport of goods, services, human capital, reduces the negative impact on the environment, speeds up administrative processes, increases economic development and brings financial savings. All this is happening against the background of the increased interest of city dwellers in public administration. With these facts in mind, our ambition is to identify the degree of application of the implementation of the Smart City concept in Slovakia and, based on relevant data, create a realistic picture of the possibilities and limits of the concept in our domestic environment. In order to achieve the research objective, we rely on a set of quantitative (questionnaire survey) and qualitative methods (critical analysis) that are also used in social sciences. Based on our research intention, we must draw attention to the obviously negative state of development of this strategic concept at the level of Slovak cities. Because the Smart City concept represents a challenge for the future development of self-government in our environment, it is necessary to reflect on the current starting point and proceed with the implementation of steps aimed at correctly grasping and understanding the importance of the issue by the professional public, municipal politicians and residents of self-governing units. Due to the fact that it is a relatively new topic, there are only a few works dealing with the issue of the Smart City concept or its application in our domestic conditions. Nevertheless, our research intention is open to new knowledge and interpretations by current and future authors who find strength and interest in this issue.
Determining a Revenue Generating Model that Creates Customer Value by Using a Skip-the-line Application in Romania
Authors: STEREA Diana-Ioana
Published: December 2023

The main objective of this research is to identify a suitable monetization model that satisfies the customer segment of a skip-the-line application (app) in Romania. The app will enable clients visiting physical hospitality venues to benefit from a simplified order and payment process, eliminating the need for queueing and waiting, while also enhancing the overall user experience. The purpose is to build a successful, profitable startup around the skip-the-line app. The study is based on data and insights regarding the digitalization of the hospitality industry and the problem of waiting time. Moreover, exploring revenue models for digital products allows for a broad understanding of the market dynamics regarding the skip-the-line app, helping with diversifying revenue sources, prioritising a customer-centric approach and understanding the economic viability of such solutions. The research delves into a comprehensive market analysis to understand the current landscape of the hospitality industry in Romania, alongside investigating multiple approaches that have been implemented in other countries. By identifying key trends and customer preferences, the study gains insights into how consumers interact with digital solutions and their willingness to adopt innovative approaches. These insights help tailor the monetization model to align with customer behaviour and expectations. The theoretical framework used is comprised of Business Model Canvas, Customer Persona Framework and Revenue Model Framework. The monetization model that best satisfies the customer segment of the skip-the-line application was defined in the socioeconomic and business environment of Romania, consisting of a percentage-based cost-sharing approach in which both venues and final consumers contribute to the operational expenses of the app. This adjustment is the outcome of survey responses and expert interviews, promoting fair and active participation from both sides. Customers will benefit from seamless experiences, while venues would be able to serve faster and more organised, leading to increased revenue. These modifications constitute a purposeful shift towards a customer-centric approach, emphasising a transparent and reciprocal exchange of value between venue owners and clients, fostering trust and fairness while aligning the interests of all parties involved.
Awareness of Unethical Artificial Intelligence and its Mitigation Measures
Authors: HÖLLER Sonja , DILGER Thomas , SPIESS Teresa , PLODER Christian , BERNSTEINER Reinhard
Published: December 2023

The infrastructure of the Internet is based on algorithms that enable the use of search engines, social networks, and much more. Algorithms themselves may vary in functionality, but many of them have the potential to reinforce, accentuate, and systematize age-old prejudices, biases, and implicit assumptions of society. Awareness of algorithms thus becomes an issue of agency, public life, and democracy. Nonetheless, as research showed, people are lacking algorithm awareness. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the extent to which people are aware of unethical artificial intelligence and what actions they can take against it (mitigation measures). A survey addressing these factors yielded 291 valid responses. To examine the data and the relationship between the constructs in the model, partial least square structural modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied using the Smart PLS 3 tool. The empirical results demonstrate that awareness of mitigation measures is influenced by the self-efficacy of the user. However, trust in the algorithmic platform has no significant influence. In addition, the explainability of an algorithmic platform has a significant influence on the user's self-efficacy and should therefore be considered when setting up the platform. The most frequently mentioned mitigation measures by survey participants are laws and regulations, various types of algorithm audits, and education and training. This work thus provides new empirical insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of ethical artificial intelligence.
Levels of Access to Water and their Impacts on The Quality of Life
Authors: Baracho Rafaella Oliveira , Monte Anne Karoline Lima , Da Fonseca Brunna Eduarda Marques , De Oliveira Thaynara Lorrayne , Scalize Paulo Sérgio
Published: December 2023

Structured abstract: to evaluate the effects of different conditions of accessibility to drinking water in rural population.
 
Purpose: the way in which water is supplied at home directly influences the health of its inhabitants. In 2017, eight out of ten people living in rural areas did not have access to basic drinking water services or safely managed water services, of which nearly half lived in least developed countries and rural areas.
 
Method/design/approach: a systematic review was carried out, through metadata analysis, selection of methodologies adopted and the relationships established by the authors between different conditions of access to water and hygiene and health, well-being, water quality, time and cost. The main methodologies adopted are questionnaires and univariate statistical analysis, applied in an associated or not.
 
Results and conclusion: the closer the rural household is to the water collection point, the better the conditions for developing their productive activities. High indoor plumbing costs, especially for individual catchment solutions, may force some households to use unsafe sources of water supply. It was possible to identify the impacts of the lack of internal plumbing and the difficulty of accessing water in rural communities.
 
Research implication: understand and highlight the relationship between internal plumbing and its possible effects on humans, especially in rural areas.
 
Originality/value: it can provide subsidies for public policies on internal plumbing, assisting in the construction of indicators that guide the elaboration and evaluation of these policies.
THE USE OF MUSTARD POWDER IN BAKING
Authors:   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Gorin, Martynova E.G. , Perepelitsa Y.S. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Gorin, Sharapova N.A. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Gorin
Published: December 2023

Today, bread as a food product is of particular importance. It should not only have good quality, but also high nutritional value and have preventive properties. Now new technologies are being introduced into the bakery industry, the range of products is increasing, more and more new factories and bakeries are being built. The use of various herbal additives allows not only to expand the range, but also contributes to increas-ing the nutritional and biological value of the finished product. According to GOST R 51074-97, a food addi-tive is a chemical or natural substance that is not used in its pure form as a food product or a typical food in-gredient that is intentionally introduced into a food product during its processing, processing, production, storage or transportation (regardless of its nutritional value) as an additional component that has a direct or indirect effect on the characteristics of the food product. Mustard powder can act as one of such additives in wheat bread recipes. Dry mustard powder loosens the dough and gives it a special taste, in which there will not be a drop of bitterness. To make bread, 3%, 5% and 10% mustard powder were added to the dough. Ac-cording to the results of the research, the quality assessment was carried out according to organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators and tasting. Based on trial baking and laboratory studies, it was found that the optimal dose of mustard powder is 5% of the flour weight.
TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF MINCED MEAT PRODUCTS OF INCREASED NUTRITIONAL VALUE USING FLOUR OF LEGUMES
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Piturina I.S. , Evsenina M.V. ,   Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named After P.A. Kostychev, Zubkova T.V. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Dubrovina O.A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of lentil flour on the quality and nutritional value of turkey meatballs in order to increase the nutritional value. One of the most important tasks of the food industry is to provide all categories of consumers with high-quality and safe food products, taking into account the neces-sary amount of micro- and macronutrients. The unfavorable environmental situation in large cities causes the need to enrich products with biologically active substances, balancing the amino acid, fatty acid composition. Much attention is paid to the content of minerals, vitamins and dietary fiber in the products. Modern trends in the development of the food industry are aimed at creating products with an optimal combination of protein-containing food components to obtain high-quality and biologically complete food products. One of the prom-ising sources of vegetable raw materials containing high-grade protein is the flour of legumes. Among the products of this group are lentils, peas, chickpeas and soy, which differ not only in high protein content, but also in a fairly balanced amino acid composition. In this regard, the aim of the research was to increase the nutritional value of turkey meatballs by using lentil flour. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set. Based on the results of organoleptic and tasting assessments, it can be concluded that the best indicators are the option with 10% replacement of meat raw materials with lentil flour. It was he who had the most bal-anced taste and aroma, retained all the advantages of the control sample of this dish, but additionally ac-quired a pleasant taste of lentils. The mass of the output of the cue balls exceeded the mass of the control sample by 19 g, which is a prerequisite for obtaining additional profit when selling products at a catering company.
“Delayed hyperbaric oxygen treatment for cerebral gas embolism can still be life-saving” - a case report
Authors: Hussain Asim , Bothma Pieter , Brodbeck Andreas
Published: December 2023

Background:

Cerebral gas embolism (CGE) is an uncommon and often preventable iatrogenic complication. Any peri-procedural neurological event should raise suspicion of CGE and treatment should start immediately. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the treatment of choice and early referral is essential. However, HBOT has been shown to be beneficial with full recovery even after delays as long as 60 hours. This report is written to increase awareness about the recognition and management of this dreaded complication.

Case Presentation:

We report a case of a patient who suffered a cardiac arrest secondary to CGE during routine coronary angiography followed by a ventriculogram. After successful resuscitation, a review of imaging revealed air in the left ventricle and computed tomography (CT) brain showed parenchymal air locules with surrounding ischemic changes. Neurological examination showed hypertonic reflexes with extensor plantar response and intermittent seizures. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was arranged but there was a delay of about 14 hours between diagnosis and arrival due to logistical reasons. On arrival, the patient was still having seizures intermittently despite the anti-epileptics and sedative infusions. Seizures stopped within 20 minutes of HBOT initiation and a CT brain done 48 hours later demonstrated mild edema but no residual air. Four more sessions were provided in the following 72 hours. Upon eventual discharge, the patient had a near-full neurological recovery, except for a mild left hemiparesis.

Conclusion:

Acute neurological symptoms after an invasive procedure, should raise the suspicion of CGE. Early HBOT is the treatment of choice as minutes are equal to saved brain cells. However, delayed treatment can still be lifesaving and should be considered.
Risk of asthma and/or wheezing in obese individuals with or without metabolic syndrome: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Authors: Shim Ji-Su , Kim Min-Hye , Cho Young-Joo
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Obesity increases the risk of asthma; however, whether metabolic syndrome (MS), with obesity being one of its five components, is also associated with increased asthma risk remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the association between
the risk of asthma and obesity, MS, and each component of MS. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 41,480 Korean adults by using data from the 2007‐2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Asthma was defined as a history of physician-diagnosed
asthma or wheezing sound within the past 12 months. Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for asthma was significantly increased in participants with obesity (OR 1.30 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.27‐1.33]; p < 0.0001) and MS (OR 1.23 [95% CI, 1.20‐1.25];
p < 0.0001). Obesity and MS showed an additive effect (OR 1.38 [95% CI, 1.34‐1.41]; p < 0.001), followed by obesity(+)MS(−) (OR 1.28 [95% CI, 1.25‐1.31]; p < 0.001) and obesity(−)MS(+) (OR 1.14 [95% CI, 1.10‐1.18]; p < 0.001). Among each metabolic
component, only abdominal obesity (OR 1.28 [95% CI, 1.24‐1.32]; p < 0.001) and hypertension (OR 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12‐1.20]; p < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of asthma. Unlike the female patients (OR 1.39 [95% CI, 1.35‐1.43]; p < 0.001), having MS showed
a lower risk of asthma in the male patients (OR 0.79 [95% CI, 0.75‐0.82]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The risk of asthma was highest when both obesity and MS were present, followed by obesity alone and MS alone. Abdominal obesity and hypertension were associated with
an increased asthma risk, and there was a sex difference that MS lowered the risk of asthma in Korean male patients.
Early Modern Art and Science: Simulation of Dissections in the 16th Century Fugitive Sheets
Authors: Milosavljević Angelina
Published: December 2023

During the 15th century the study of anatomy became a part of art education. With the rise of anatomy as a branch of medicine, artists began to play an important role in the process of anatomical research, creating graphic representations that served as powerful transmitters of knowledge. Among these, the most exquisite were anatomical fugitive sheets, the volumetric, three-dimensional representations of human anatomy. The layering, overlapping, of human organs, enabling one to manipulate them according to need, serves as simulation of the strategies of opening of human body during anatomical dissections. The artists-illustrators of these processes introduced new didactic interactive methods into acquisition and transfer of knowledge. In close cooperation with scientists, they found ways to translate information into recognizable and accessible models, endowing them with cognitive structure, as in anatomical atlases by Andrea Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica (1543), and Johann Remmelin, Catoptri Microcosmici (1609).
Caring Futures?
Authors: Tapio Hege , Hellstrand Ingvil
Published: December 2023

How do we understand care, humanity, and vulnerability under new technological regimes? Do concepts of care change with increasing technology use? With these questions in mind, we curated the art exhibition Caring Futures at Sølvberget gallery in Stavanger, Norway in autumn 2022. Produced as part of the interdisciplinary research project “Caring Futures: Developing Care Ethics for Technology-Mediated Care Practices” at the University of Stavanger, the exhibition became a creative site for articulating and visualising questions of future care and the entanglement between technological and social aspects of contemporary healthcare regimes, particularly in a Nordic welfare state. In this article, we introduce the exhibition and highlight some of the art projects that specifically grapple with ethical issues in ageing as well as the topic of enhancement, genetics, and bioethics. Our aim is to discuss how technology changes how we relate to our bodies, and our perception or tolerance of what is normal or expected. Care under new technological regimes holds the power of making us want to acquire the desirable, of improvement, but so far, the knowledge of social and individual costs is scarce. Thinking with and through art is a way of generating new knowledges of what is at stake for questions of health, care, and welfare in our times.
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY SIGNATURE FOR PROGNOSIS OF NON-OSSIFYING FIBROMA
Authors: Souchelnytskyi Serhiy
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) is a frequent fibrotic lesion of bone, observed in up to 40% of children. Extensive NOF lesions and deficient healing may cause a pathological fracture or a malignant transformation. Prediction of complications requires knowledge of the mechanisms controlling NOF, and systemic analysis may provide insight into these mechanisms.

Aim: To identify regulators that may predict the risk of complications, e.g., pathologic fracture or malignant transformation.

Methods: Data were retrieved from public databases, e.g., PubMed and dedicated databases. We retrieved regulators with confirmed association with NOF, regulators of processes engaged in NOF, and regulators of bone remodelling and giant cell tumors of bone. Systemic analysis was performed using Cytoscape and FunCoup tools.

Results: Networks representing NOF mechanisms, bone healing, and malignant transformation were generated. The network analysis identified mechanisms that may predict the efficacy of healing of NOF lesion or the risk of malignant transformation of NOF. Forty-one compounds were identified as potential signature predictor of the efficacy of bone healing. The list contains known and novel regulators of bone. Signalling pathways, hormones, vitamins, minerals, proliferation and differentiation regulators are in the 41 signature. We report here a list of 62 molecules that are engaged in bone tumorigenesis and in NOF, e.g., oncogenes and tumor suppressors, tumorigenesis-associated signalling pathways and hormones Deregulation of these molecules increases the risk of malignant transformation of NOF.

Conclusion: The 41 and 62 signatures identify potential markers of the risk of non-efficient healing or malignant transformation of NOF.