bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflecting on the State of our Field: Challenging our Purpose, Impact, and Potential
Authors: Black Laura W. , Shaffer Timothy J. , Thomas Nancy L.
Published: May 2020

This “Afterword” essay was written several months after the Frontiers of Democracy 2014 conference. It offers the Journal of Public Deliberation’s editors’ reflections on the conference and connections to the articles published in this special issue.
Why I Study Public Deliberation
Authors: Gastil John
Published: May 2020

The author argues that scholars can best advance public dialogue and deliberation by conducting systematic research on practical innovations that have the potential to improve political discourse. The author explains and justifies this position through a personal narrative that recounts formative experiences with debate, group dialogue, political campaigns, academic research, and electoral reform.
Democracy by Design
Authors: Thomas Nancy L.
Published: May 2020

Renewing US democracy will require an active and deliberative public, people who can work together to address pressing social and political problems. To engage effectively Americans need an understanding of how American democracy works, its foundations and the complex and sometimes changing dimensions to those foundations. Advocates for increasing active and deliberative citizen engagement need to work with reformers in different areas of democracy’s ecological system, integrating public engagement with reform efforts in justice and equal opportunity, knowledge and information development, and government integrity.
The Next Generation of Our Work
Authors: Heierbacher Sandy
Published: May 2020

In this reflective piece, Sandy Heierbacher, Director of the National Coalition for Dialogue & Deliberation (NCDD), outlines some of the trends she has been noticing from her unique vantage point in the rapidly growing and innovating field of deliberative democracy. Heierbacher reflects on ways this field, centered around practices designed to engage citizens in the decisions and issues that effect their lives, is changing its relationship with government, becoming more receptive to online tools for engagement, shifting its attention back to local efforts, focusing attention on building infrastructure, and increasingly relying on collaboration to achieve its goals.
The Compost of Disagreement: Creating Safe Spaces for Engagement and Action
Authors: Holt-Shannon Michele , Mallory Bruce L.
Published: May 2020

The experiences gained in almost two decades of supporting community-based deliberative processes highlight the importance of balancing participants’ desire for civility and safety with the passionate expression of deeply held values and beliefs. Effective deliberations may surface highly contested positions in which intimidation or bullying can occur. At times, even the deliberative process itself may become the object of ideological objections. This has the potential to a create a climate of fear on the part of participants and public officials seeking solutions to complex issues related to public investments, long-term planning, or improved governance. We apply the metaphor of “community compost” to emphasize the value of eliciting diverse points of view on hot topics that have divided residents as well as public officials. By turning the fertile soil of passion, values, and disagreement, we have been able to find common ground useful to decision-makers. Balancing the need for safety and the benefits of strong disagreement, shared understanding and agreement may be achieved.
Opportunity Structures for Citizens’ Participation in Italian Regions: A Case Study
Authors: Casula Mattia
Published: May 2020

The Italian process of decentralization is opening new opportunities for action in the matter of political participation for Italian regions. Starting from the analysis of a regional case study (Emilia-Romagna), the paper tries to explain how a single region could elaborate a set of policy-oriented instruments to direct citizens’ political participation and mobilize them on specific issues beyond the classic electoral channel. After the presentation of the selected case, the paper will analyze the concept of opportunity structures for citizens’ participation and the way in which it can be applied in the study of Italian regions. The analysis of the Emilia-Romagna regional policy in the matter of participation shows that the regional choices are more and more following a path-dependent scheme strictly related to the cultural and institutional variables of the regional framework and its classic interventionist policy style.
Public Deliberation as a Tool for Managing the Commons: A Case Study of the Bloomington Community Orchard
Authors: Napoli Lisa-Marie
Published: May 2020

This essay focuses on how public deliberation is used as a tool for managing the commons. Through the lens of Elinor Ostrom’s research of managing the commons, the Bloomington Community Orchard is analyzed as a case study to better understand the value of the process of public deliberation as a tool for managing the commons and the importance of timing for implementation.
A Conversation with Jane J. Mansbridge and Martha McCoy
Authors: Abdullah Carolyne , Karpowitz Christopher F. , Raphael Chad
Published: May 2020

Jane J. Mansbridge, Charles F. Adams Professor of Political Leadership and Democratic Values, and Martha McCoy, Executive Director of Everyday Democracy, discuss deliberative equity and equality in theory and practice. They identify potential tensions and trade-offs between the two values and between these values and other deliberative aims. They discuss how practitioners have attempted to promote equal and equitable deliberative processes and the challenges of measuring these concepts in deliberative settings. Their conversation provides insights into best practices for enabling marginalized groups to engage in deliberation and the persistent challenges that remain. Together, Mansbridge and McCoy outline opportunities for future theoretical and empirical progress in better understanding and ultimately building effective deliberative groups, institutions, and systems.
Participatory mechanisms and inequality reduction: searching for plausible relations
Authors: Schattan Ruas Pereira Coelho Vera , Waisbich Laura
Published: May 2020

Brazil is known for being one of the most unequal countries in the world. Since the 1990s many scholars, both in Brazil and those analyzing the country¹s trajectories from abroad, have been describing a decrease in country¹s inequalities. In this article we discuss the possible role of expanding citizen participation in policy making processes and overseeing their implementation in inequality reduction. To do so we explore the connections between the participatory mechanisms and the implementation of policies that are expected to reduce inequalities in two different participatory experiments that have taken place in Brazil: São Paulo municipal health councils and the country¹s participation in the Open Government Partnership (OGP). We argue that, despite their thematic and historical differences, there are good reasons to believe that these two participatory experiences sustained the expectations concerning their role in contributing to reduced inequalities. However, these cases suggest that their contributions were less determined by the quality of the participatory process, as defined by the deliberative democracy literature, than by the nature of political alliances and mobilization processes that supported these spaces.
Review of Democracy, Deliberation and Education by Robert Asen (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015)
Authors: Molnar-Main Stacie
Published: May 2020

Review of Democracy, Deliberation and Education by Robert Asen (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015)
Organising stakeholder workshops in research and innovation – between theory and practice
Authors: Nielsen Morten V. , Bryndum Nina , Bedsted Bjørn
Published: May 2020

This article addresses the theory and practice of creating responsiveness among actors through deliberative dialogue processes with stakeholders from diverse institutional settings. The EU’s decision to mainstream stakeholder deliberation in research and innovation, as part of its focus on responsible research and innovation (RRI), creates a new potential for experimentation and integration of deliberative processes. The article presents a list of essential considerations for three steps in the workshop process: planning and design, workshop interaction and the gathering of conclusions. Finally, the article illustrates the challenges of applying theory to five European stakeholder workshops co-organised by the authors. The illustration highlights the difficult interaction between theory and practice. The article concludes that while theoretical perspectives can provide general guidance, practical experience is essential when dealing with the trade-offs that are an intrinsic part of organising stakeholder workshops.
Review of Listening for Democracy – Recognition, Representation, Reconciliation by Andrew Dobson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014)
Authors: Oelofsen Marietjie
Published: May 2020

Review of Listening for Democracy – Recognition, Representation, Reconciliation by Andrew Dobson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).
Review of Political Translation: How Social Movement Democracies Survive by Nicole Doerr (Cambridge University Press, 2018)
Authors: Levine Peter
Published: May 2020

In Political Translation: How Social Movement Democracies Survive, Nicole Doerr uncovers the role of translators as a “third voice within deliberation,” neither participants nor facilitators but advocates for specific individuals to be heard and understood. Her empirical research on translation of various types and in various settings also raises broader theoretical issues about direct versus representative democracy.
Review of The Professionalization of Public Participation edited by Laurence Bherer, Mario Gauthier, and Louis Simard (New York: Routledge, 2017)
Authors: Christensen Helen E.
Published: May 2020

Review of The Professionalization of Public Participation edited by Laurence Bherer, Mario Gauthier, and Louis Simard (New York: Routledge, 2017).
Strengthening Democracy by Design: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Thomas Nancy L. , Upchurch J. Kyle
Published: May 2020

In 2014, the Journal of Public Deliberation published an essay, “Democracy by Design,” a framework for a more aspirational, stronger democracy and approach to civic learning. Here, the authors update and reissue Democracy by Design along with a report on the status of the four foundational attributes of a strong democracy, one that is participatory, free and equal, educated and informed, and accountable and justly governed. The authors argue that American democracy faces multiple challenges reflecting declines in democratic norms and practices, for example, growing inequality, weak and unequal civic education, widening polarization, and the rise of undemocratic forces in some segments of American society that are seemingly unchecked by political leaders. Stopping democracy’s decline calls for efforts - some deliberative and some more activist - by both public officials and everyday citizens. Citizen-driven efforts will prevail only if contextualized in broader knowledge and understanding of democracy’s design and health.
Integrative Democracy: Mary Parker Follett’s Integration and Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Wright Graham
Published: May 2020

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the work of Mary Parker Follett by scholars of management and public administration, but the acute relevance of Follett’s work to deliberative democracy has yet to be fully appreciated. In her 1918 work The New State Follett articulates a normative political theory that I refer to as Integrative democracy, which can be seen as an alternative formulation of deliberative democracy that is based on an activity that Follett refers to as integration rather than deliberation. In this paper I first present two contemporary challenges faced by deliberative democrats: how deliberation itself ought to be defined, and whether or not deliberation produces epistemic benefits in comparison to non-deliberative voting. I then show how Follett’s theory is able to respond to both of these criticisms. Finally, I discuss how Follett’s theory may need to be extended or modified to deal with challenges highlighted by the recent systemic turn in deliberative theory.
The Difference in Design: Participatory Budgeting in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Gilman Hollie , Wampler Brian
Published: May 2020

Participatory Budgeting (PB) is conceptually powerful because it ties the normative values of non-elite participation and deliberation to specific policymaking processes. It is a democratic policymaking process that enables citizens to allocate public monies. PB has spread globally, coming to the United States in 2009. Our analysis shows that the types of institutional designs used in the United States are quite different from the original Brazilian programs. What explains the variation in PB institutional design between Brazil and the United States? Most PB cases in the US are district-level whereas in Brazil, PB cases are mainly municipal. We account for this variation by analyzing the electoral system; configuration of civil society; political moment of adoption; and available resources. We use case study analysis to account for this variation in institutional design. We then assess how the different rule design is likely to create a different set of institutional outcomes.
Review of Deliberation in the Classroom: Fostering Critical Thinking, Community, and Citizenship in Schools by Stacie Molnar-Main (Kettering Foundation Press, 2017)
Authors: Reeves Monica L.
Published: May 2020

Review of Deliberation in the Classroom: Fostering Critical Thinking, Community, and Citizenship in Schools by Stacie Molnar-Main (Kettering Foundation Press, 2017).
Introduction: The New England Town Meeting: A Founding Myth of American Democracy
Authors: Cossart Paula , Felicetti Andrea , Kloppenberg James
Published: May 2020

Notwithstanding notable exceptions, historical investigation is far from central in deliberative scholarship and even recent work on participatory research stresses the need for more historical work. The aim of our introduction to this collective volume is to assess and to draw attention to the contribution of historical analysis in the current scholarly debate on democracy, in particular regarding the ways in which participation and deliberation emerge and develop in New England’s famous town meetings. Town meetings have traditionally been cited as one of the fullest and earliest realizations of the idea of democratic government and of deliberation at work. Nowadays the great debate on deliberative and participatory democracy has contributed to restoring the town meetings as a symbol of democratic deliberation. The critical study of how one of the oldest and most inspiring forms of democratic participation has evolved is not only a fascinating endeavor in itself, it is also a unique opportunity to better understand how and to what extent these institutional practices, inspired by ideals of deliberation and participation, can support – or impede – the democratization of today’s societies.
Indigenous People and the New England Town Meeting: Stockbridge, Massachusetts, 1730-1775
Authors: Mandell Daniel R.
Published: May 2020

In the 1730s, Mahicans along the Housatonic River settled the mission town of Stockbridge, Massachusetts. They participated in town meetings and elected “traditional” leaders to typical New England offices. Even after a growing population of English settlers began dominating town offices, the Indians remained a strong presence in meetings, which was conducted in the Mahican as well as English language, and all voting done viva voce. In 1763, a major battle when an English faction tried to take control by introducing secret balloting; the Indians complained and mostly won their case. Stockbridge thus provides a case study comparing Indian and colonial New England decision-making, and highlighting the evolution of the town meeting during the 18th century.
The Town Meeting Ideal and Race in America
Authors: Gustafson Sandra M.
Published: May 2020

This essay explores the development of the New England town meeting ideal in connection with matters of race and considers the place of that ideal in post-slavery America. In particular, the essay focuses on how the black abolitionists David Walker and Maria Stewart used the jeremiad to expand the deliberative rhetoric associated with the town meeting, and it considers Albion Tourgée’s efforts to implement the town meeting system in the post-bellum South. The essay further considers the place of the lyceum system and the Chautauqua phenomenon, and it addresses how John Dewey’s efforts to reinvent the town meeting for a much larger and more diverse nation bore fruit in media forums described as town meetings. Eventually, the town meeting was reinvented yet again as a national political venue that could be used to address persistent racial tensions. The essay closes with a discussion of how the American university could help close the gap between the town meeting-style forum as a place for discussion and the historical town meeting’s value as a site of consequential decision-making.
A New Leaf for Public Deliberation
Authors: Curato Nicole , Bächtiger André , Strandberg Kim
Published: May 2020

The Journal of Public Deliberation is turning over a new leaf. This short introduction maps new directions for the journal and invites readers to continue engaging the vibrant field of deliberative democracy.
Review of Habermas and the Media by Hartmut Wessler (Medford, MA: Polity, 2018)
Authors: Sanglard Fernanda Nalon , Hauber Gabriella
Published: May 2020

Review of Habermas and the Media by Hartmut Wessler (Medford, MA: Polity, 2018)
Deliberative Democracy and the Problem of Scope
Authors: Friedman Will
Published: May 2020

This article addresses the challenges of scaling up deliberative democracy beyond the level of individual communities. It begins with a general discussion of the problems that scope poses for deliberative democratic practice. It then proceeds to look critically at a range of initiatives that have, in recent years, attempted to overcome these problems in the American context. The concluding sections suggest guidelines and concepts aimed at helping practitioners approach large-scale public engagement more strategically, as well as areas that research and theory should explore.
Political Polarization as Disagreement Failure
Authors: Neisser Philip T.
Published: May 2020

A few events in recent American history are analyzed as “disagreement failures,” while others are described as exemplifying “disagreement success.” These terms are defined in order to support the conclusion that deliberative democracy requires both the celebration of disagreement and the crossing of multiple borders through dialogue. Such a “democracy of conversation” more specifically requires a culture that explicitly celebrates disagreement as an activity, meaning that it treats actual engagement in disagreement as a part of a life well-lived, and that it therefore routinely pushes for the inclusion of as many “sides” as possible in public talk. Supported in this way, cross-border, public conversation would be inherently democratic, community-building, and anti-totalitarian. Held regularly, such talk would help participants to see issues from multiple points of view, and would do so without asking them to give in to the non-thinking of mere tolerance. People who take part in such conversations would be more likely to face up to difficult issues politicians often avoid, and politicians would both be pushed and enabled to do better. In addition, such disagreement practice would cultivate respect for humanity, as participants observe themselves and others making sense, being civil, and in general doing a good job under presssure.
Activists’ Views of Deliberation
Authors: Levine Peter , Nierras Rose Marie
Published: May 2020

This article, based on more than 60 interviews, explores the tensions between deliberation and various forms of political activism and advocacy. It identifies more than 20 objections to deliberation that are proposed by political activists in various countries and contexts. It concludes with suggestions for combining deliberation and advocacy. ErratumIn [article title], the process referred to as a ‘Twentieth Century Town Meeting’ is actually a 21st Century Town Meeting.
From Dahl to O’Leary: 36 Years of the “Yale School of Democratic Reform”
Authors: Snider J. H.
Published: May 2020

A review of Kevin O’Leary’s book, Saving Democracy: A Plan for Real Representation in America.
The Idea of Democracy and Its Distortions: From Socrates to Cornel West
Authors: Behrouzi Majid
Published: May 2020

Democracy is a highly-cherished idea nowadays as it casts an aura of legitimacy and prestige on political systems, theories, and ideologies. This is why regimes, political organizations, theories, and ideologies of all types lay claim to being democratic or aiming to serve its interests. To justify their claims and aims, they all define democracy in ways that suit their interests and fit their purposes. Some examples: ideologues of capitalism define democracy in ways that serve the interests of the free-market system and endorse the rule of capital, hence liberal democracy; economists formulate it so that it fits within the conceptual framework of their discipline; and Cornel West defines it as a tragicomic concept that suits his Christian vision. These attempts at making democracy fit one's interests, purposes, and views have distorted the true practice and meaning of the idea, and have subverted its normative substance. Putting its focus mainly on examining Cornel West's Democracy Matters (Penguin Press, 2004) as one of the latest misrepresentations and distortions of the idea of democracy, this essay argues that we need to revisit the original meaning of the concept (the "rule by the people"), and revive the contention that democracy entails the citizens' direct, deliberative, and ongoing participation and power in politics. To counter the economists’ and liberal democracy’s gutting of the normative substance of democracy, and also to counter West's distorted vision of it, the essay attempts to retrieve the authentic content of democracy, and puts forth a positive vision for its future.
Is Information Good for Deliberation? Link-Posting in an Online Forum
Authors: Polletta Francesca , Chen Pang Ching Bobby , Anderson Christopher
Published: May 2020

Does information improve deliberation? Proponents of online deliberation argue that the availability of the Internet can solve two longstanding problems of citizen decisionmaking: that preexisting inequalities tend to be reproduced rather than minimized in deliberative forums and that citizen decisionmaking sacrifices the benefits of expertise. Because all deliberators online can access information during their discussion, deliberation should be more informed and more equal. We put those claims to the test by analyzing URL-link posting in an online deliberative forum composed of 25 deliberating groups. On the positive side of the ledger, we show that participants did take advantage of the informational capacities of the web. URL-link posting not only generated more interaction than did opinions posted without links but it also responded to what we call the scale and uptake problems of public deliberation. On the negative side of the ledger, far from equalizing deliberation, the availability of online information may have given additional advantages to already advantaged groups. This was true even in groups that were actively facilitated. The availability of online information may also have fostered discussions, in some instances, that were more opinionated than informed. Information in the Internet age is newly accessible, we conclude, but is also politicized in unfamiliar ways.
Democratic Deliberation and Moral Awareness
Authors: Fouke Daniel C.
Published: May 2020

Much of the debate between theorists of deliberative democracy has centered on forms of discourse and the role that reason should play. But philosophers have been unable to explain the transformative power attributed to deliberation. I argue that we ought to look to recent studies of moral psychology, which illuminate the moralizing mechanisms brought into play by deliberation. In deliberations by small groups empathic cues, as well as direct and semantically mediated associations between the social situations of oneself and others, produce moral cognition, and broaden awareness of morally salient features of the policies and issues under discussion. Narrations in diverse groups can enhance moral perception, cue empathic reactions, and provide powerful tools for organizing moral knowledge, in contrast to more confrontational forms of discourse, such as direct argumentation. The moral psychology at work in diverse and small groups of deliberators suggests that the institutionalization of deliberative forums could produce a more representative government and achieve morally better politics and policies.
Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu olan hastalarda CPAP tedavisinin klinik periodontal duruma etkisi: Altı yıllık takip
Authors: KANMAZ Burcu , NİZAM Nejat , KAÇMAZ BAŞOĞLU Özen , TAŞBAKAN M. Sezai , BUDUNELİ Nurcan
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) hastalarında sürekli pozitif havayolu basıncı (CPAP) tedavisinin, klinik periodontal durum üzerine olası etkilerini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: OUAS tanısı konmuş olan ve düzenli CPAP cihazı kullanan toplam 11 hastada (3 hasta orta, 8 hasta ağır OUAS) tedavi başlandıktan 6 yıl sonra kapsamlı klinik periodontal muayene tekrarlandı. Tüm ağız ortalama sondalama derinliği (SD), klinik ataşman seviyesi (KAS), sondalamada kanama indeksi (SKİ) ve plak indeksi (Pİ) değerleri kaydedilerek başlangıç verileri ile karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Orta ve ağır OUAS grupları arasında KAS, PI ölçümlerinde başlangıç ve tedavi sonrası 6. yıl verileri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Başlangıç, 6. yıl SD ve 6. yıl SKİ değerleri orta OUAS grubunda daha yüksek bulundu (sırasıyla p=0.024, p=0.030 ve p=0.014). Diş sayılarına bakıldığında her iki grupta ve tüm hastalarda başlangıç ve 6. yıl değerleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sigara içen ve içmeyen hastalarda başlangıç ve 6. yıl klinik periodontal ölçümleri karşılaştırdığımızda sonuçların benzer olduğu gözlendi (p>0.05).Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sınırları içinde, CPAP cihazı ile yapılan uzun dönem OUAS tedavisinin klinik periodontal durum üzerine anlamlı etki göstermediği söylenebilir.
The Validity and Reliability Study of Therapeutic Alliance Scale: Psychological Counselor Version
Authors: Kandemir Mehmet
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to design a measurement tool for measuring the therapeutic alliance skills of the experts providing psychological counseling services. For the preliminary validity and reliability study of the Therapeutic Alliance Scale, 224 people working as psychological counselors were reached. After the preparation of the data for analysis and establishing the hypotheses, exploratory factor analysis was conducted in the study. As a result of the analysis, the Kaise-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was found as 0.90, and the Barlett test was determined as χ2 = 1343.61 (p
Experiences of Turkish preschool teachers for including children with autism spectrum disorders: Challenges faced and methods used
Authors: Güleç-Aslan Yeşim
Published: May 2020

Inclusion is important for development of social-communication and all skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their participation in social life. In order to carry out a successful inclusion process, preschool teachers have crucial and fundemantal role. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the experiences of eight preschool teachers in Turkey. In other words, challenges faced by preschool teachers and methods used were explored. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed via inductive analysis. The findings show that the teachers experience various difficulties and use various methods, though limited, to handle these difficulties. It is expected that this research will shed light on the current practice and inspire advanced research studies. Moreover, it is predicted that research carried out in different cultures can offer cultural perspectives to the international literature.
Does Psychological Maladjustment Mediate the Relationship Between Students’ Perception of Teacher Rejection and Educational Stress?
Authors: Kuyumcu Behire
Published: May 2020

This study examined the mediating role of psychological maladjustment in the relationship between Turkish high school students’ perception of teacher rejection and educational stress levels. The study was based on a sample of 399 high school students located in Turkey (231 students were female; 168 students were male). The Teacher’s Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire: Child Version Short Form, the Personality Assessment Questionnaire: Child Version, Education Stress Scale, and Personal Information Form were used as measures. Result revealed that psychological maladjustment mediated the relationship between perception of teacher rejection and educational stress. Additionally, the results showed that female students’ educational stress levels, psychological maladjustment levels, and GPAs were significantly higher than male students. However, male students’ perception of teacher rejection levels was significantly higher than female students. Results also documented that younger female and male students tended to recall more educational stress than older female and male students. GPA was significantly and negatively correlated with psychological maladjustment for males. The results may help the expansion of the IPARTheory. At the practical level, school counselors may include individual or group counseling practices to increase students' psychological adjustment in intervention programs to prevent or eliminate educational stress.
School Management from the Voice of Their Protagonists in Spain
Authors: Ordóñez-Sierra Rosario , Rodríguez-Gallego Margarita R. , López-Martínez Antonia
Published: May 2020

This study gathers the contributions of school principals’ professional skills, their access to the role as heads and the main advantages and disadvantages of being a school principal. The study involved 20 principals from the province of Seville. A qualitative methodology was used, through semi-structured interviews and content analysis. From the analysis of the results, specific aspects are deduced in the categories studied such as: access to the principal position, competencies, advantages, difficulties, management model. Most of the principals interviewed assured that accessing the position is assumed with willingness to face challenges, and that management competencies, capacity to listen and empathy are essential for the role. Their work is facilitated by their relationships with their co-workers and a good management team, followed by the support of the educational community. On the other hand, they stated that their duties are hindered mainly by families who are not involved and discipline issues.
Tendencias formativas en Educación Especial en Iberoamérica
Authors: Meléndez-Rodríguez Lady
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo comprende el texto de la conferencia inaugural del II Encuentro Educación y Discapacidad. Perspectivas Investigativas y Formación Docente, que se llevó a cabo del 6 al 9 de noviembre del 2018, en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Bogotá, Colombia. Corresponde a una reflexión fundamentada en un análisis bibliográfico y vivencial, que asiste al propósito de preguntarse acerca del presente y futuro de la formación en Educación Especial, en tanto constituye un campo de conocimiento y acción docente en franca transición para Iberoamérica.  Históricamente, la Educación Especial ha sido definida en función de la atención educativa dirigida -específicamente- a personas con discapacidad y con necesidades educativas especiales; que, desde el enfoque de la educación inclusiva, ahora reclaman su derecho a estar presentes, participar y aprender con equidad y calidad, con sus pares y en el contexto mismo de la educación ordinaria. Esto amerita docentes capaces de diseñar y aplicar apoyos educativos específicos, en atención a una lectura crítica, propositiva y flexible del contexto, sus demandas y relaciones. Entre las principales conclusiones de esta reflexión es posible decir que, en Iberoamérica, dependiendo de sus antecedentes, la Educación Especial puede entenderse como impulsora u obstáculo para la educación inclusiva, que cada país vive su propio nivel de inclusión educativa, reflejado en los procesos de formación del docente de apoyo, los que no necesariamente obedecen a perfiles profesionales unificados, prolijos ni debidamente validados.
La pedagogía: Una mirada de estudiantes y profesores de programas de Licenciatura
Authors: Loaiza-Zuluaga Yasaldez Eder , Taborda-Chaurra Javier , Ruiz-Ortega Franciso Javier
Published: May 2020

El artículo es resultado parcial de la investigación “Semiosis de la Pedagogía, el Currículo y la Didáctica” y se focaliza en la categoría pedagogía. Es un estudio cualitativo que tiene como objetivos describir y valorar las ideas que en torno al campo de la pedagogía manifiestan profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad de Caldas, Colombia. En lo metodológico tuvo en cuenta una muestra intencional de 168 sujetos que aplicaron a un instrumento de 39 ítems de los cuales 11 aludían a asuntos relacionados con la pedagogía. El análisis se hizo a partir de las valoraciones dadas a los diferentes ítems utilizando herramientas de Excel. Se destacan en los resultados valoraciones importantes que se hacen de la pedagogía como arte o como campo de conocimiento y de la experiencia como un componente central en la constitución de la formación y del conocimiento pedagógico de los docentes.
Social Inequality and Sociocultures
Authors: Rehbein Boike
Published: May 2020

Inequality is usually studied with a focus on economic factors, such as income and wealth, and with reference to a brief period of time, basically the period of data collection. This article argues that this approach is misleading and does not allow us to understand inequality, let alone society at large. Inequalities and social hierarchies comprise more than economic factors but also cultural factors, as Pierre Bourdieu has shown. Bourdieu, however, neglected the historical dimension. Classes and habitus types are rooted in long traditions, which have to be studied over centuries, not months or years. Capitalist societies develop hierarchies of social classes, which are shaped by pre-capitalist hierarchies. These earlier hierarchies tend to persist for decades or even centuries after the capitalist transformation. I refer to these earlier hierarchies as sociocultures, since they form not only hierarchies but also cultures, which reproduce from one generation to the next. Edward P. Thompson has demonstrated this with regard to the English working class. In the article, I will introduce the concept of socioculture as it is used in studies of social inequality.
Impactos socioculturales del turismo deportivo en la comunidad de El Peñón, Temscaltepec
Authors: Ramírez Hernández Omar Ismael , Serrano Barquín Rocío Del Carmen , Palmas Castrejón Yanelli Daniela
Published: May 2020

Los estudios sobre los impactos sociales y culturales provocados por el turismo deportivo han tomado relevancia académica a nivel internacional. Este tipo de estudios, sin embargo, es poco frecuente en Latinoamérica. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar los impactos socioculturales del turismo deportivo en la comunidad de El Peñón, Temascaltepec, en el Estado de México. Se utilizó una metodología de carácter cuantitativo, a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario a los residentes de la localidad. Los resultados sugieren que la tipología de turismo deportivo ha impactado positivamente en aspectos como la convivencia familiar, el sentimiento de pertenecía e identidad con el lugar y la práctica de diversos deportes por parte de los locales. En cuanto a los aspectos negativos, se resalta la poca participación de la comunidad local en la apertura de nuevos proyectos y la falta de planeación por parte de los diferentes actores. Así, se identifican los costos y beneficios de la actividad turística en la comunidad de estudio. Adicionalmente, se demuestra que las particularidades de los destinos, la gestión, los turistas y las actividades deportivas practicadas condicionan la intensidad de dichos impactos.
Intentional Foreign Language Advocacy: Skills Set, Mindset, and Core Value
Authors: Stein-Smith Kathleen
Published: May 2020

Although a nation of immigrants and although more than 60M speak a language other than English in the home, the United States suffers from a foreign language deficit, in which demand for foreign language skills exceeds supply, and where opportunity to learn another language is actually decreasing. Compared to Europe for example, a significantly smaller percentage of US students study another language, and language study typically begins later. In order to build the foreign language skills needed in the workplace, in the globalized world, and in our society, all students should have the opportunity to learn another language, and in order to increase opportunity, advocacy is needed to promote language learning and to support and defend endangered programs.  Effective advocacy needs to be not only strategic, but intentional, a mindset and skills set stemming from a core value of making the world a better place through our everyday actions.
Errors in English Writing of ESL/EFL Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohammadi Tawos , Mustafa Hema Rosheny
Published: May 2020

Errors in the English writing of students have been studied in different levels of education and in different genres of writing in different countries. The study of writing errors is considered essential for improving the writing of students. This systematic review studies the research papers which have been conducted in the surrounding countries of Afghanistan to find out the most common errors in the writing of EFL/ESL learners in this region, and to find the gap in the existing literature in this region. The studies were identified through a search in three databases: The Science Direct, the Academy Publications, and the Scopus journals database. The included studies are conducted in EFL/ESL, focused on errors in the writing, and published in one of the three abovementioned journals. The three databases produced 562 articles, from which nine articles were included in the study based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. After an in-depth study of the articles, it was revealed that the EFL/ESL speakers of English in these countries commit errors in writing, and most of these errors are in the grammatical and mechanics category. The most common errors reported in the studies were in articles, prepositions, punctuation, spelling, and word choice. In these countries, a few genres of writing, such as essays and journals, have been studied.
A Dynamic Construal Approach to Lexical Transcategorial Shifts in Mandarin
Authors: Yang Ting
Published: May 2020

A dynamic construal approach is adopted to address the word class transcategorial shifts in Mandarin. It is pointed out that the dispute on the classification of Chinese word classes and the consequent controversial proposals of nominalization, verbalization, etc. is in essence a matter of categorization. Instead of the static views, it holds that the categorization of word classes is dynamic and a cluster of factors affects the on-line categorizing process. From the dynamic construal view, Indo-European languages and Mandarin share analogous transcategorial shift processes.
Impact of Using Blackboard on Vocabulary Acquisition: KKU Students’ Perspective
Authors: Alamer Hadeel Ali Hussain
Published: May 2020

This research aims to investigate the impact of employing the learning management system (Blackboard) on attitudes of King Khalid University (KKU) students. The research examines the students' knowledge and skills in employing the Blackboard in their learning process, and investigates the elements, which influence the students' attitude and performance in using Blackboard in classroom instruction from their perspectives. To this end, the author has selected a sample of 34 of KKU students, where they have been requested to complete a 14-item questionnaire. Findings of the current study revealed that KKU students faced several difficulties in learning English language vocabulary. Consequently, the students have developed negative attitudes towards English vocabulary. The study found that Blackboard had a little influence on the attitude and performance of the KKU students in vocabulary learning. The study also showed that there were some limitations in the use of Blended Learning. It needs an action plan in order to make supportive learning opportunities for  the university students.
Nuevos retos, nuevos saberes en la formación profesional
Authors: Sánchez-Cabrera Samuel Alberto
Published: May 2020

Nos aprestamos al inicio de una nueva década, que demanda nuevos roles de los profesionales de las Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y Contables, que les permita permanecer vigente, dado que, los perfiles profesionales y el conjunto de habilidades están cambiando y continuarán evolucionado, considerando la naturaleza del trabajo que se realiza, como las contribuciones que se hace a las organizaciones, que cambian rápidamente, en respuesta a las tendencias de los desarrollos en tecnología y la globalización.
El dispositivo de seguridad nacional y las prácticas tanatopolíticas en Bucaramanga, Santander (1980-1989)
Authors: Acevedo-Tarazona Álvaro , Mejía-Jerez Andrea , Correa-Lugos Andrés
Published: May 2020

In the 1980s, violence, conspiracies, and polarization marked the security policies implemented in different countries of Latin America and the entire world. In Colombia, the tension produced by the armed conflict and the drug trafficking enabled the use of order and social control strategies by the institutions against the population. The objective of this article is to reflect on the tanatopolitical practices of the 1980s in the city of Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia). It is a qualitative research of a documentary review of newspapers and weekly newspapers, of national and local importance, that circulated in the established period. The reflective exercise allowed to conclude that, as a result of the security devices, Bucaramanga followed a pattern of national and departmental violence (including social cleansing) which ended up being socially accepted.
Histoire Parallèle/Die Woche vor 50 Jahren (La SEPT/ARTE 1989-2001)
Authors: Meyer Jean Christophe
Published: May 2020

This contribution is aimed at analyzing the public impact of „Histoire Parallèle/Die Woche vor 50 Jahren“, a history show that stands out by its longevity and conceptual design. This study is founded on archive material and statistical data (Institut National de l’Audiovisuel, Arte, Deutsches Rundfunk Archiv, …), contemporary literature and press coverage as well as on an interview with Marc Ferro, the mainstay of this show.
Eyewitnesses of History
Authors: Simoni Paolo
Published: May 2020

The role of amateur cinema as archival material in Italian media productions has only recently been discovered. Italy, as opposed to other European countries, lacked a local, regional and national policy for the collection and preservation of private audiovisual documents, which led, as a result, to the inaccessibility of the sources. In 2002 the Archivio Nazionale del Film di Famiglia (Italy’s Amateur Film Archive), founded in Bologna by the Home Movies Association, became the reference repository of home movies and amateur cinema, promoting the availability of a cultural heritage that had previously been neglected. Today, it preserves about 5,000 hours of footage, contributes to documentary film productions and acts as a cultural and production center. The impact factor of the Home Movies Archive on the Italian audiovisual scenario and the sustainable perspectives strengthen the awareness that amateur film offers new opportunities to discover and represent the past from a different perspective, the one of an eyewitness “from below”. The article overviews the European and Italian discovery of amateur cinema as historical source from the seventies, and some cases from the Italian panorama during the last fifteen years, which powerfully raised the attention on home movies and amateur archive material.
Visions of Reconstruction
Authors: Paalman Floris
Published: May 2020

After WWII, films accompanied the reconstruction of Europe’s destroyed cities. Many contained historical footage. How was this material used, to articulate visions of reconstruction, what happened to the material later on, and how do the films relate to municipal film archives? This question is approached in terms of collective cognitive functions, applied to a media archaeological case study of Rotterdam. In focus are two audiovisual landmarks, from 1950 and 1966, and their historical footage, all with different temporal horizons. This study attempts to position the city film archive in media history.
Television Format as Cultural Negotiation
Authors: Keinonen Heidi
Published: May 2020

Despite the growing number of publications on television formats, specific theorisations regarding formats and format adaptation, in particular, are still rare. In this article, I introduce a synthesizing approach for studying format appropriation. Drawing on format study, media industry research and structuration theory, I suggest that television formats should be understood and studied as a process of cultural negotiation in which global influences and local elements amalgamate on various levels of television culture (i.e., production, text, and reception); every level includes several sites of symbolic or actual negotiation. These sites emerge in the duality of structure and human agency.
Aligning Participation with Authorship
Authors: Karlsen Joakim
Published: May 2020

The main contribution of this article is to describe how the concept of non-fiction transmedia has challenged the independent documentary film community in Norway. How the new possibilities afforded by web- and mobile media, with the potential of reconfiguring the current relation between author and audience, has been perceived and performed. Based on an extensive interview study and reflections on contributing to a non-fiction transmedia project, I argue that the emerging practice of making non-fiction transmedia face many of the same challenges as the participative documentary practice of the 70s, mainly that facilitation of real audience participation, requires a break from the broadcasting logic of the mainstream documentary film practice.
Crossroads: Life Changing Stories from the Second World War
Authors: Calvi Licia , Hover Moniek
Published: May 2020

Crossroads is the name of the concept that narratively connects several WWII-related cultural institutions in Brabant. We were initially looking for ways to connect 4 otherwise very diverse World War II-related institutions (in fact, 3 museums and a commemoration centre) and we found it in this overarching paradigm. Crossroads does not require museums to share their collection items. It offers them instead a tool to build and offer visitors a cohesive experience related to WWII heritage. This experience is characterized by the specific focus into their WWII stories using storytelling that they can adopt. This paper will highlight the creative process that brought to the development of this concept and will discuss examples of the resulting transmedia narratives.