bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Villas of Pliny the Younger (Epist. 2. 17 and 5. 6) as a Humanistic Utopia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University (SPbU), Panchenko Dmitri ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2025

The descriptions of villas in the letters of Pliny the Younger display a kind of utopia.
It is based on the ideal of an ennobled and pleasant life, in which sublime, literary
pursuits occupy a key place. The realization of this ideal requires inspiring natural
surroundings and a certain degree of cosiness, but not the usual luxuries of gilding,
ivory, and expensive statues common to the Romans of Pliny’s circle. Pliny’s description
of his villas is not an account of status, of social influence, whether in political
or literary circles: his way of life in the villas suggests a temporary removal from
both the burdens and dividends of public duties, a concentration on pursuits alternating
with leisure; there is no question, however, of escapism.
The life ideal behind the way Pliny describes his villas corresponds with his temper
and outlook as they appear in the letters that have nothing to do with country
pastime. As in the description of the villas Pliny does not boast of anything, does
not argue with anyone, so in the whole collection of letters he appears as a benevolent,
tolerant, reasonable, caring person with strong opinions. Although the utopia
of Pliny’s villas is not a project of collective reorganization, it is an elaborate ideal
to follow. Pliny’s humanism surprisingly anticipates the humanism of the Modern
times.
Interface as a Thorn in the Flesh: Game Controllers and Radical Body Engineering
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University (SPbU), Lenkevich Alexander ,   Laboratory for Computer Games Research; St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Russia, Latypova Alina ,   St. Petersburg State University (SPbU),   Laboratory for Computer Games Research; St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Russia
Published: January 2025

The article considers new ways of interaction, non-typical interfaces and controllers based on the deconstruction of classical game design systems of control and on the deconstruction of the gamer’s body. Already in the middle of 1960s Marshall McLuhan, anticipating the critique of technologies and virtual capitalism that unfolded later in cyberpunk novels, noticed that our bodies and central nervous system belonged to big corporations. The organisation of sensibility via interfaces and controllers, different apparatuses, and technical devices ceased to be a dream of futurologists and science fiction writers. The design of apparatuses forms normative schemes, and as a result, big companies such as Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo spend hundreds of millions of dollars to assess ergonomics and effective ways of interaction. They create a technically grasped gamer corporeality, which can be easily reproduced and replicated. However, normative corporeality is ironically and easily, mockingly and ruthlessly played out and reinvented in the projects of indie game developers, artists, and engineer-enthusiasts.
The foundation of the following article is the analysis of 166 project-winners at the biggest annual festival of alternative controllers alt.ctrl.GDC and the analysis of works by Cologne artists Tilman Reiff and Volker Morawe (//////////fur//// art group), who used pain as the main gameplay resource. A variety of scrutinized projects form a non-conventional experience, using analogue manipulators, physical impact on the gamer’s body, and including unusual game elements (such as a cow’s udder, synthesizer, cold weapon, etc.). On the one hand, the article describes the current phase of human evolution, which supposes technological forms of violence and disciplinary organization of the body; on the other hand, it considers their deconstruction in the works of artists, engineers, and designers, who create non-typical controllers and interfaces, developing and enlarging the perception experience of gamers and users of contemporary technologies.
Digital Humanities as a Stage of Scientific Knowledge: Four Metaphors
Authors:   St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Russia, Kolozaridi Polina , Belyak Gavriil ,   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House),   Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2025

Digital humanities exist as an independent direction of activity in modern universities.
The grounds for uniting the humanities under the common definition of “digital” and the
relation of each to the very concept of it are not obvious and require critical analysis. The
authors of the article undertake such an analysis and address the academic prerequisites
for the digitalization of humanities’ knowledge and its project applications. Through four
metaphors, the ways in which “digital” is appropriated as a method, subject, or object
by different sciences (sociology, philology, cultural studies) are described; conflicts and
problems arising from different types of such appropriation are identified; the key problem
of digital humanities as an area of knowledge is defined. This problem is associated
with the destruction of the distance between knowledge (theory), method, and object.
The example of project activity demonstrates that at the same time the destruction of this
distance, being conscious, can become the basis for representing digitalized objects not
only as established but also as becoming. In conclusion, the understanding of the digitalization
of the humanities is proposed not as a scientific revolution (in Thomas Kuhn’s
terms), leading to a paradigm shift within a particular discipline, but as a stage in the
development of scientific knowledge that requires turning to philosophical reflection for
the reassembly of the common scientific foundations of the humanities.
A Human Element in a Human-Machine Hybrid of Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Chirva Daria ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the question of what happens to the status of a human being in the modern period of artificial intelligence technology (hereinafter — AI) dominance. Anthropocentrism is treated as an insufficient conceptual means for the identification of the real position of a human, because it leads to the fixation of simple instrumentality behind AI systems. Such a distribution of roles between humans and technology does not correspond to the real complexity of the functioning and interaction of humans and AI at the present stage. AI, by virtue of its construction, has a certain degree of autonomy, opacity and unpredictability, which allows us to generally talk about it as an agent. However, if we allow the expansion of the field of morality as a result of its reorientation from the subject of action to the object and its moral state’s significant changes, then artificial agents can be regarded as moral agents (based on Luciano Floridi’s Information ethics project).
However, these agents are designed and trained by humans based on data that is produced, collected, and marked up by humans again. The reality of technology production in its social aspect is so complex that, as a result, it is not possible to take into account the separate contribution of all agents (human and non-human) to its functioning. Therefore, the concept of a sociotechnical multi-agent system is used to designate this situation. It is characterized by different levels of agency: causal, moral and moral with the possibility of responsibility. The human in the sociotechnical system is a source of moral agency and responsibility due to the fact that they are its essential properties. The further direction of the research is connected with the question of how the problem of eliminating the responsibility gap in the realm of the sociotechnical system should be solved.
Ambulatory Happiness
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University (SPbU), Russia, Malyshkin Evgenii
Published: January 2025

In his main works, René Descartes, in addition to such an impressive metaphysical construction, over and over again gives promises of happiness, which must certainly accompany the study of philosophy according to a new model. What exactly is this happiness and is the Cartesian construction capable of fulfilling this promise? For whom can it come? If we take this promise seriously as instructions for obtaining vita beata, then the character of the Cartesian story about the construction of a new science has a serious competitor, the main character of Victor Pelevin’s novel KGBT+, who performs the same procedures as the Cartesian one, and the matches are exact, and the key act is the walk, ambulo-sum(nt): both Descartes (and his followers, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Benedictus de Spi-
noza) and Pelevin show one thing: a walk is not a reward for a job well done to salvation, it is work itself. This is blissful work, in which the path and the goal coincide, just like in a walk, when we walk just for walking. And Pelevin promises happiness, but it does not happen to the Cartesian subject at all. Thanks to the third figure, Giordano Bruno, this confrontation is proposed to be viewed not as a contradiction, but in such a way that the promise can be fulfilled only by abandoning the concept of extension in favor of space. After all, when walking, it’s more important not who is walking, but where, there are places and spaces in which you won’t be able to walk. The Necker Cube helps us understand the concept of the space in which the three described walks (Descartes’, Pelevin’s and Bruno’s) take place, aimed at finding the highest goal of the teachings, of which these characters are adherents.
T2_15N_TROSY.nan v1
Authors: KB NAN
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes running a Pseudo-3D 15N T2 TROSY experiment with CPMG spin-lock, temperature compensation, sensitivity enhancement, gradient coherence selection, water flip-back, and optional 13C decoupling. It uses a list of T2 delays comprised of 8ms CPMG elements. Temperature compensation involves application of pulses prior to recycle delay delivering the same total RF power irrespective of T2 delay. 15N labeling is required; can also be applied to proteins with additional 13C and 2H labeling. It uses the Topspin library pulseprogram 'trt2etf3gpsitc3d.2'.
T1_15N_HSQC.nan v1
Authors: KB NAN
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes running 15N T1 HSQC experiments with temperature compensation, sensitivity enhancement, gradient coherence selection, water flip-back, and optional 13C decoupling. This is a pseudo-3D experiment, with the third dimension F1(T1) sampling a list of T1 relaxation delays provided in a separate text file. 1H BIP shaped 180º pulses are used to suppress cross-relaxation and cross-correlated relaxation between 1H and 15N spins during T1 relaxation delay. Temperature compensation involves application of pulses prior to recycle delay delivering the same total RF power for each T1 delay. Total acquisition time thus strongly depends on the maximum T1 delay. This experiment is primarily used for studying protein backbone dynamics on the picosecond to nanosecond scale in combination with 15N T2 HSQC, {1H}-15N HNOE, etc. Required isotope labeling: U-15N, or U-15N,13C (with or without 2H). Also suitable for samples with selective ("sparse") 15N-labeling of certain amino acid types. Optimal MW is ≤ 30-35 kDa. For larger systems 15N T1 TROSY may be more appropriate. Field strength preference: detailed analysis of protein backbone dynamics often requires measurement of 15N relaxation rates at multiple fields. It uses the Topspin library pulseprogram 'hsqct1etf3gpsitc3d'.
HNOE_15N_TROSY.nan v1
Authors: KB NAN
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes running a Pseudo-3D 15N {1H} HNOE TROSY experiment with sensitivity enhancement, gradient coherence selection, water flip-back, and optional 13C decoupling. Two datasets, reference and saturation, are acquired as a single pseudo-3D experiment, with TD1 fixed at 2. 15N labeling is required; can also be applied to proteins with additional 13C and 2H labeling. It uses the Topspin library pulseprogram 'trnoeetf3gpsi3d.3'.
Introduction: AI for and in Urban Planning
Authors: Wang Tong , Yorke-Smith Neil
Published: January 2025

As a tool serving other disciplines of enquiry, artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential of a potent discovery, a design and analysis paradigm to address (new) questions in urban planning. This thematic issue raises a forum for cross-disciplinary dialogues at the intersection of urban planning and AI. Nine articles discuss both emerging use cases in urban planning practice and the relevant AI techniques being used and developed, as well as articulate the challenges associated. Future development of AI in urban planning shall address the ethical, inclusive, and just implications of AI applications for urban planning while navigating human and AI agents’ interactions and intra-actions to facilitate a better understanding of the intentions of AI development and use, and the impacts on the behaviour of designers and users in complex urban planning practices.
Methodological and Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Relationship Between Politics and Economics
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Levin Sergey ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Sablin Kirill ,   Russian State Institute of Performing Arts
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the consideration of methodological and theoretical approaches to the study of the relationship between politics and economics. It is shown that they can be classified according to two criteria. Firstly, according to the criterion of exogeneity and endogeneity. The exogenous approach assumes the consideration of politics as an external factor to the economic system. An example of such an approach is Marxist political economy, in which politics is considered as a superstructure over the socio-economic base, exerting a reverse influence on it. The endogenous approach studies political actors as direct participants in economic interaction. The economy is considered as a system of political and economic interrelations that are included in economic-theoretical models. The second criterion for applying approaches to studying the relationship between politics and economics determines the use of the provisions of methodological holism and methodological individualism. Behavior of economic and political actors is considered from the position of its determination by the social-economic system within the framework of the first approach. The focus is on the problem of choice made by economic and political actors operating within certain institutional constraints in methodological individualism. In contemporary conditions one may say about the formation of a subject field of new political economy characterized with the endogenization of the study of political-economic interaction. In traditional political-economic analysis based on the principles of methodological holism approaches are emerging in which politics is viewed as an endogenous element of the economic system. There is a transition from abstract holistic models to the analysis of the behavior of individual and group actors. On the other hand, neoclassical political economy has emerged, which moves from the economic theory of politics to a comprehensive study of the relationship between economics and politics. However, discrete structural analysis has the greatest comparative advantage in conducting endogenous economic theoretical research. It allows comparing competing real alternatives to the institutional organization of the relationship between politics and economics. This approach ensures the primacy of positive analysis over normative one moving away from the institutional nirvana characterizing many competing research approaches. Nirvana approach means that existing "imperfect" institutional arrangements are compared with the ideal norm
Regional Sustainable Economic Development, Territorial Asymmetry, and the Role of Institutions: a Case of Russia
Authors:   Cambridge Institute for Advanced Studies, Strielkowski Wadim ,   Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kalyugina Svetlana ,   North-Caucasus Federal University,   Prague Business School, Gruzinova Irina ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Pyanov Alexandr ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: January 2025

The existing asymmetry in socio-economic regional development in the Russian Federation indicates the need to explore this issue within the context of sustainable development and institutional economics. This paper aims to analyse the content of the triune and cluster approaches in sustainable development, while incorporating the institutionalist perspective. The study emphasizes how formal and informal institutions, such as governance quality, legal frameworks, property rights, and social norms all play a critical role in shaping regional development outcomes. Institutional economics provides a framework for understanding the interaction between federal, regional, and local institutions and their impact on overcoming territorial disparities. Seen from the perspective of institutional economics, cluster approach is an enabler or a constraint to sustainable regional development because institutions which foster economic efficiency and social inclusivity are important for spurring more rapid growth. This paper broadens the conceptual analysis of strategies for sustainable development and their ability to take into account regional disproportions in Russia, by integrating institutional factors that make it clear how important both economic and institutional reforms are required for long-term sustainability at a region level. Using a bibliometric approach and VOSviewer software, this paper visualizes and analyses foundational contributions on sustainable development and clusterization in Russia, drawing on 105 publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The co-occurrence maps and bibliometric networks elucidate thematic clusters and reveal insights into the interplay between institutional frameworks and sustainable regional development strategies. Our results suggest that the development of regions in Russia on sustainable and equal bases should not be only economic basis, as have demonstrated some other research, but consists of a whole integral institutional treatment containing an ensemble interweaving socio-economic-environmental policies. They are not just agents of economic growth but also important factors shaping the resilience and sustainability of regions. Thus, the key to overcoming territorial skewness is through robust institutional frameworks within each region to ensure that development policies are not only inclusive but also adapted to respond effectively with peculiarities of different territories.
The Effectiveness of State Support Institutions for the Economy of Russia and Its Regions
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Malkina Marina , Vinogradova Anna ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: January 2025

The study is devoted to assessing the impact of state support institutions on the development of the economy of Russia and its regions. The forms, features and orientation of state support in the modern Russian economy, as well as macroeconomic and institutional factors affecting its effectiveness, are revealed. Analytical and graphical methods, the method of deflation of nominal variables, and econometric modeling were used in the research. Based on the materials of the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2010–2023, the structure and dynamics of state support for the region's economy from the regional budget were established, the characteristics of individual support measures and trends in recent years were revealed. Three econometric models have been constructed linking the real GRP of the Nizhny Novgorod region with the scale of support in the form of tax incentives, grants and subsidies, as well as subsidizing the interest rate on mortgage programs. A number of control variables are also introduced into the model. As a result, greater efficiency of tax incentives, lower efficiency of grants and subsidies and even lower efficiency of interest rate subsidies for mortgage programs have been established, which is explained by the influence of macroeconomic and institutional factors. In addition, according to the models obtained, internal expenditures on R&D and expenditures on the national economy in the consolidated budget of the region have a significant positive impact on regional economic growth, which also justifies the developing measures to stimulate these expenditures and increase their effectiveness. Finally, the key rate of the Bank of Russia has a significant negative impact on the real GRP of the Nizhny Novgorod region, which indirectly confirms the effectiveness of measures to subsidize the rate for certain sectors of the economy (in particular agriculture) from the federal budget. The study can be useful in managing the institutional environment of the Russian economy by adapting the fiscal and monetary policy of the state and developing effective measures to support it at the regional level.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Efficacy of Pokémon GO in Increasing Physical Activity
Authors:   , Sun Jasmine Huiya , Daly Brian P.
Published: January 2025

Physical inactivity is associated with significant increases in morbidity and mortality risk, necessitating the development of interventions to increase physical activity (PA). However, exercise/PA is experienced as inherently unpleasant, boring, or fatiguing, limiting long-term adherence. Exercise games ("exergames") represent an alternative method of promoting PA that can be used to supplement standard cognitive-behavioral interventions, as the use of game elements help to transform PA into an enjoyable experience. However, despite extensive research on exergames, there are fundamental methodological issues in the literature (e.g., studies that do not isolate the effect of gamification, use games with poor acceptability, and/or using non-objective measures of PA) that limit the ability to draw conclusions on the overall effectiveness of exergames at increasing PA. Thus, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether pairing an exergame with a standard cognitive-behavioral PA promotion intervention improves PA beyond that of the cognitive-behavioral intervention alone. We screened and randomized healthy, physically inactive adults (N = 32) to one of two conditions. In the control condition, participants set a daily step goal (10,000 steps/day) and self-monitored their PA using the Fitbit tracker and application for 28 days. Participants also received a psychoeducational workshop at baseline, and weekly handouts on strategies for increasing or maintaining their PA. In the experimental condition, participants received the same interventions as those in the control condition, with additional instructions to play the exergame Pokémon GO. Participants attempted to reach a goal in the game each week (e.g. reach level 5). In addition, the weekly handouts were tailored to reference and promote use of Pokémon GO features. Results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in steps at Week 4 between the two conditions, intrinsic motivation for PA did not mediate the relationship between condition and post-treatment PA, and none of the moderators significantly interacted with the exergame to affect post-treatment steps, though there were main effects of area walkability, liking for video games, and attitudes toward video games. Pokémon GO demonstrated mixed acceptability. In general, these nonsignificant results suggest that more attention needs to be directed towards increasing the acceptability of exergames to make them more efficacious. Increased acceptability may be accomplished through a more personalized approach, wherein exergames are designed/tailored to fit specific target populations, preferences, and interests.
Civil-Law Protection of Personal Interests of the State Treasury – Selected Issues
Authors: Szczotka Wojciech
Published: January 2025

The scientific and research analysis presented in the study covers an issue from the area of the general part of civil law, concerning personal interests of juridical persons. The discussion will make it possible to determine whether the State Treasury – a special-type juridical person, the substrate of which is the State, therefore a subject of public law – is entitled to specific non-property values. The need to discuss the problem – important from the point of view of legal practice – results from the fact that it has not yet been resolved in any separate study. The article first presents considerations on the essence of personal interests of juridical persons and the legal subjectivity of the State Treasury. It is only against this backdrop that it is possible to give an affirmative answer to the question formulated above. In connection with the recognition that the State Treasury possesses personal interests, the study needs to address several selected issues of a detailed nature. It should be determined whether the protection of personal interests of the State Treasury should concern only the performance of private-law tasks by the State, i.e. within the scope of dominium, or this protection covers also activities within the sphere of imperium. In addition, it is necessary to decide which personal interests of juridical persons are vested in the State Treasury and what conduct of this entity may put them at risk or infringe them. It seems also necessary to analyse the rules and means of protection of personal interests of the State Treasury, as well as to quote and discuss the provisions contained in the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance concerning the protection of values of public-law nature in the form of the good name of the Polish State and the Polish Nation.
Offering by the Policyholder Insurance Coverage within the Group Insurance and Agency Contract as Well as Insurance Agency. Critical Commentary on the Judgment of the Court of Appeal in Warsaw of 23 May 2019 (VII AGa 684/18, LEX no. 2713606)
Authors: Topolewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

The commentary addresses the crucial research problem of the correct identification of policyholder’s legal position as a party to the group insurance contract in the context of problematic aspects of agency contract, insurance intermediary, group insurance and also in the context of provisions of the Civil Code regulating agency contract and in the context of economic insurance legislation. In addition, the commentary addresses the problem of the scope of Article 7614 of the Civil Code in connection with the demand for return of the remuneration which the insurer has paid the policyholder. The solution of these problems enriches academic achievements regarding agency contract and insurance intermediary and also is significant for judicial interpretation and application of provisions regulating these spheres. The commentary criticizes the position of the Court of Appeal regarding issues related to the above-mentioned research problems and assumes that acting as the policyholder on the basis of a contract denominated as the group insurance contract towards persons seeking insurance cover and stipulation a remuneration of the policyholder in the case of accession a third party to the insurance may not lead to qualification above-mentioned contract as a typical agency contract as well as to regarding the taking action as the policyholder as insurance intermediary. The commentary questions quoted by the Court of Appeal position according to which Article 7614 sentence 1 of the Civil Code is applicable in the case of high probability of failure to perform by the party to the contract executed through an agent. The commentary encloses original and cognitive valuable analysis of the position of the Court of Appeal, because it was carried out in the context of academic achievements and author’s concepts and also presents results in matters of solution interpretative divergences identified in the course of the above-mentioned analysis.
Critical Commentary on the Judgment of the Court of Appeals in Bialystok of 27 October 2021 (III AUa 745/20) and Partially Critical to the Justification of the Judgment of the Supreme Court of 5 September 2023 (II USKP 94/22), Concerning the Problem of “Double” Liability of Members of the Management Board of Capital Companies for Dues for Contributions
Authors: Zienkiewicz Adam
Published: January 2025

The commented judgments of the Court of Appeal in Bialystok and the Supreme Court, issued in the same case, refer to significant circumstances (premises) affecting the scope of subsidiary liability of a member of the management board of a capital company pursuant to Article 116 of the Tax Ordinance in conjunction with Articles 31 and 32 of the Act on the Social Insurance System for the company’s arrears due to unpaid contributions, together with default interest and enforcement costs. The judgments in question deserve attention because the case raised important legal issue related to the problem of “double” liability of management board members, which is of great importance for legal practice and jurisprudence in similar cases. In addition to critical comments on the voted judgments, the author presents a proposal for solving the legal issue, answering two questions included in the cassation complaint, formulating the essence of the analyzed problem.
Termination of pregnancy. Methods, results, and complications
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali- The National University Hospital, Iceland, Olafsdottir Asdis , Jonsdottir Kristin , Steingrimsdottir Thora
Published: January 2025

ntroduction: Medical treatment for termination of pregnancy in the first trimester of pregnancy was first introduced in 2006 at Landspitali. This new method, which replaced surgery, slowly gained ground and now most abortions in Iceland are medically induced. It is therefore appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this method. Two medications are administrated during medical termination of pregnancy, mifepristone (anti-gestagen) and misoprostol (prostaglandin).

Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including all terminations of pregnancies carried out at Landspitali from September 1st 2019 to December 31st 2022. Data on the method of induced abortion (medical or surgical), complications, and admissions within 60 days of treatment were obtained from the Department of Economics at Landspitali. A chi-square test was used for statistical processing.

Results: The number of terminations of pregnancies at Landspitali during these 40 months was 2853. Of those, 2502 (87.7%) were medical abortions and 351 (12.3%) were surgical. Most were performed before 9 weeks of pregnancy or 85.3%. The medical group was significantly more likely to experience the complications of incomplete termination of pregnancy, with delayed or excessive bleeding, incomplete termination of pregnancy for other unspecified reasons, the need for evacuation of uterus due to incomplete abortion and hospital admission following treatment. A little more than 4% of those who received medical treatment for termination of pregnancy, underwent also surgical intervention for complications.

Conclusion: The incidence of complications after medical termination of pregnancy is comparable to what has been observed in other Nordic countries. Despite a higher risk of incomplete abortion when drugs are used, the benefit of medical therapy over surgery is significant.
Geriatric anaesthesia: Challenges and recent updates – A review
Authors: Shetti Akshaya N , Bhavar Tushar , Khunt Mukesh
Published: January 2025

Geriatric anaesthesia is a rapidly growing subspecialty due to the rising number of elderly individuals undergoing surgical procedures. Older adults present a unique set of challenges, including physiological changes, polypharmacy, and comorbidities, all of which can significantly influence anaesthetic management. Age-related alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics make dosing and drug selection more complex. Additionally, the elderly are at a higher risk of perioperative complications such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and delirium. Recent advancements in geriatric anaesthesia have focused on better preoperative assessments, personalized anaesthetic strategies, and enhanced recovery protocols to reduce postoperative morbidity. This review aims to explore the challenges faced in anaesthetizing the elderly and highlights recent updates in the field, including the development of frailty assessment tools, use of regional anaesthesia, and the role of multidisciplinary teams in perioperative care. By optimizing perioperative care, including pain management, anaesthetic depth monitoring, and the prevention of delirium, outcomes for elderly patients can be significantly improved. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of geriatric anaesthesia, with a focus on both the challenges faced and innovations that have emerged to improve patient care.
Advancements in nanotechnology for glaucoma detection and treatment: A focus on biosensors, IOP monitoring, and nano-drug delivery systems
Authors: Bhagwat Ajay , Badhe Nutan , Maniyar Sana , Kadale Priyanka , Kale Ruchira , Doke Rohit Ramesh
Published: January 2025

Biosensors are essential tools designed to monitor physiologically significant data for diverse applications, including environmental pollution detection, food safety, medication research, and disease diagnosis. The integration of microfluidics, nanotechnology, and advanced electronics has significantly advanced the development of wearable and implantable biosensors for managing chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and glaucoma. Among these, glaucoma remains a leading cause of visual impairment, predominantly driven by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), with limited treatment effectiveness due to challenges like suboptimal drug bioavailability and therapeutic inefficiency. Despite advances, unmet needs in early diagnosis and sustained management persist, demanding innovative solutions.

Recent advancements in nanotechnology offer transformative potential, addressing these challenges by enhancing both the detection and treatment of ocular diseases. This review explores cutting-edge developments in nano-drug delivery systems and continuous IOP monitoring technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on nanoparticle and nanofiber-based biosensors and contact lenses, which represent a promising leap forward in improving therapeutic precision and patient outcomes in glaucoma care. The manuscript uniquely contributes by synthesizing these advancements and highlighting their potential to bridge existing gaps in glaucoma management.
A clinicopathological study of eyelid tumors at a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: H A Chaitra , Karakuchi Bhagyalakshmi , Jiragyal Poonam A
Published: January 2025

Eyelid tumors are common in people of all age groups representing more than 90% of ophthalmic tumors. Usually majority of these cases are either inflammatory or non-malignant tumors, however many malignancies can mimic a host of benign neoplasms and need differentiation before definitive therapy is started.

To analyze clinical presentation, types of eyelid tumors, its histopathological correlation and management.

A prospective study was conducted on patients presenting with eyelid tumors to our tertiary care hospital for duration of 2 years. Patients with eyelid tumors who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were diagnosed clinically and treated accordingly and all tumors were subjected to histopathological examination. The cases were analyzed for their age and sex distribution, incidence of malignant and benign tumors, tumor location and type.

: In our study involving 50 patients, 29 were females and 21 were males, 47 cases were benign and 3 were malignant. Mean age of presentation of benign tumors was 44.81 years and malignant tumors was 67.25 years. Upper lid involvement was seen in 38 cases and lower lid in 12 cases. Intradermal nevus and epidermal cyst were the most common benign lesions and Sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion.

: Histopathological examination of all excised eyelid tumors is essential, as they may be malignant and require definitive treatment for better long-term management of the patient.
Case report of lymphovascular malformation
Authors: Sivapriya Thummathati
Published: January 2025

To report a rare presentation of lympho-vascular malformation, a 42-year-old female presented with a one year history of progressive left eye protrusion, restricted ocular movements, and diminished vision. Clinical examination revealed facial asymmetry and axial proptosis of the left eye. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a well-defined, lobulated, soft-tissue attenuating lesion in the intraconal compartment of the left retrobulbar region, suggestive of a lymphovascular malformation. An anterior orbitotomy was performed via a lateral approach, and the excised lesion was sent for histopathological examination (HPE), which confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. Our case highlights importance of keeping differential diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma in cases of lympho vascular malformation. It is very much important to have differential diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma in cases of lympho vascular malformation. Misdiagnosing cavernous hemangioma as another orbital lymphovascular malformation can lead to inappropriate management, such as unnecessary interventions or delayed treatment, increasing the risk of vision loss or complications. Accurate differentiation via imaging and clinical evaluation is crucial for optimal outcomes.
Impact of Gibberellic Acid and Growth Stimulants on Productivity Metrics of Kagzi Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)
Authors: Bairwa Sunil Kumar , Bhatnagar Prerak , Singh Jitendra , Aravindakshan Kavita , Chopra Rahul , Chhipa Hemraj
Published: January 2025

Background: Acid lime is a nutrient-intensive crop and it needs sufficient mineral nutrition for healthy growth and development and there was a need to study the effect of GA3 and growth-promoting chemicals as a nutrient source for acid lime cv. Kagzi trees. The reason to undertake this research was based on the impact of GA3 and growth-inducing chemicals on better nutrient supplementation, quick nutrient intact, better photosynthates translocation and carbohydrates mobilization and its effect on production parameters in acid lime cv. Kagzi trees. Methods: A field trial was carried out at the Fruit Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar between June 2023 and December 2023 in a 15-year-old established orchard of acid lime cv. Kagzi. The trial was set up following a randomized block design with three replications. It involved the application of nine different treatments through foliar spraying, which included GA3 and various growth-promoting chemicals such as KNO3, thiourea and salicylic acid. Result: According to the findings of the current study, the foliar application of T4 treatment (GA3 @ 100 mg/l + KNO3 @ 2%) proved to be more successful in enhancing the production parameters of acid lime cv. Kagzi. The application of T4 treatment comprising GA3 @ 100 mg/l + KNO3 @ 2 % resulted in the shortest time to initiate flowering (40.05 days), the briefest flowering period (53.79 days), the highest number of flowers per shoot (144.66), the greatest fruit set percentage (69.08%) and the highest fruit retention percentage (47.37%). The foliar application of treatment T4 (GA3 @ 100 mg/l + KNO3 @ 2%) proved to be the most successful in increasing the fruit count per tree (448.00), fruit weight (70.00 g) and yield (31.35 kg/tree) in Kagzi acid lime trees.
Activating the Purposes of Islamic Sharia through the Regulations of the National Center for the Prevention and Control of Plant Pests and Animal Diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Review
Authors: Alasmari Mohammed Ali M. , Zurib Mohammed Ali G.
Published: January 2025

Plant and animal diseases may quickly spread across limits, presenting serious challenges to crop production, human health and environmental stability. Understanding how Saudi Arabia’s regulatory system connects with these wider goals is essential for building successful risk management methods. The findings of this study reveal that the regulations of the National Center for Plant Pest and Animal Disease Prevention and Control in Saudi Arabia are deeply rooted in the principles and goals of the law. These regulations focus on safeguarding life, property and the environment. The Center’s strategies for prevention and control aim to safeguard health by monitoring diseases in animals and plants and implementing measures like quarantine and vaccination. This approach contributes to the goal of protecting life. The Center also embraces technologies and sustainable agricultural practices that reduce reliance on pesticides, promoting environmental preservation and sustainability. Data analysis shows that the Center’s initiatives align closely with law objectives, striking a balance between growth, public health and environmental protection. Additionally, enhancing research efforts and international collaboration can further improve these endeavors to achieve sustainable outcomes.
Exploring Challenges Faced by Farmers in Participating in Farmer’s Producer Organizations: Understanding the Key Issues Impacting FPO Success: A Review
Authors: Salokhe Shubhangi
Published: January 2025

The modernization of agricultural systems is crucial for the development of ‘Viksit Bharat.’ Farmer-producer organizations (FPOs) help to unite small, marginaland landless farmers, giving them the collective strength to address various issues and improve their living standards and profitability. However, to ensure the sustainability of the FPOs, it is essential to build the right technical skill sets and business acumen within the FPOs. The study’s main objectives are to discover why farmers are not participating in FPO activities and to study FPOs to learn about their challenges. The present study is exploratory. A standard instrument, a questionnaire, was used to collect primary data. The researcher interviewed 1155 farmers and surveyed representatives of 25 farmer-producer companies to get an overview. The best method of marketing agricultural produce is forming a farmer-producer company and marketing through it. The study revealed that most farmers are not members of the Farmers Producer Company. Through this study, the researcher learned that “The lack of penetration of the FPO concept among farmers” is the main reason. Most of the FPOs are facing various challenges. The main challenge is the lack of financial support to run FPO successfully. Lack of capacity building and inadequate infrastructure facilities represent significant challenges for farmer-producer organizations. The government must address the challenges faced by farmers and FPO to assist farmers in obtaining favorable returns from their agricultural produce.
ANALISIS KODE ETIK PROFESI AKUNTAN PUBLIK: PERSPEKTIF AL-HADITS
Authors: Sugandi Sugandi , Sulhani Sulhani
Published: January 2025

A financial report audited by public accountants carries significant responsibility as the basis for decision-making for stakeholders and serves as a symbol of the reliability of financial information for an entity. However, several cases of ethics and regulatory violations have occurred in some prominent KAP in Indonesia. This phenomenon underscores the importance of enforcing ethical codes for the public accounting profession. This research aims to analyze the ethical code of the public accounting profession based on the perspective of Islamic teachings contained in Al-Hadiths. Employing a qualitative descriptive method and an interpretative approach, data were gathered from various sources, including hadiths, scholarly journals, and existing codes of ethics for public accountants. The findings depict that Islamic ethics emphasize good behavior in daily interactions, grounded in principles such as justice, ihsan, honesty, responsibility, and diligence. These principles serve as guidelines for public accountants to perform their duties with integrity, responsibility, high levels of honesty, and ensuring the accuracy of financial information in line with Islamic principles. Furthermore, the code of ethics for public accountants in the Islamic perspective emphasizes principles of integrity, objectivity, competence, professional care, confidentiality, and professional behavior. The implications of this research underscore the importance of understanding and applying Islamic ethical principles in accounting practices to achieve professionalism aligned with religious teachings. Thus, this research is expected to provide valuable contributions to enriching understanding of the relationship between Islamic ethics and accounting practices and promoting the adoption of practices in harmony with the moral values of the hadiths.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SOFTWARE AKUNTANSI TERHADAP LAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM HALAL BOGOR
Authors: Reza Annisa Fadhilah , Febraini Dewi
Published: January 2025

Optimal financial report quality is when the report provides significant benefits and meets all expected qualitative characteristics. It is noted that a high frequency of transactions occurs in Small and Medium Enterprises. It is also not easy for them to record transactions. Previous studies have shown that the utilization of accounting software in MSMEs is necessary to improve the timeliness and timely and accurate financial statements. In Bogor City, improving the quality of financial reports in MSMEs is inseparable from the City Government's efforts in implementing the applicable Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) and Government Accounting Standards (SAP), by utilizing accounting information systems. The implementation of these information systems is an important step in ensuring quality financial reports, given the importance of public accountability in government financial reporting. By using the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model method as well as a quantitative descriptive approach and Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS), primary data were collected through questionnaires addressed to Halal MSMEs in Bogor City. The results showed that system quality did not have a significant impact on perceived benefits. Likewise, information quality has no effect on perceived benefits. System quality also has no significant impact on end-user satisfaction; however, information quality is shown to make a positive contribution to end-user satisfaction. Nonetheless, perceived benefits did not have a positive impact on end-user satisfaction. End-user satisfaction, in turn, had a significant influence on system usage.