bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of GIS-Based Databases as a Platform for Financial Management of Land in Quat Lam Town of Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Quy Giang
Published: September 2020

In recent years, as a result of urbanization and the development of tourism and services, land market in Vietnam has been blooming. This has made land management in general and financial management of land in particular become more important than ever. Based on GIS technology, the present study has built a database with full details of each land parcel in order to support financial management of land in Quat Lam, a coastal tourist town in Nam Dinh Province. The database also provides land users and managers with sufficient information on transportation, hydrology and service systems, which influence land price. The database allows land managers to carry out financial management related tasks such as: Searching for land parcel information; calculation of registration fees, calculation of income tax from the transfer of land use rights, compensation for ground clearance upon land acquisition; search of land parcels according to financial capability; development of specialized thematic maps regarding land prices, financial obligations and legal status of land, etc. The established database is practically valuable for land managers as well as land users as it facilitates the process of change updates, data analysis, processing and sharing, and consequently improving the efficiency in financial management of land.
Teaching applied landscape ecology in interdisciplinary and intercultural student groups. Experiences from a 10-years study abroad program
Authors: Zerbe Stefan
Published: September 2020

Against the background of the global environmental crises, landscape ecology and related disciplines become increasingly important. Higher education should therefore contribute to the development of experts and potential stakeholders who have not only scientific skills but also interdisciplinary, intercultural, and communication skills to be applied in diverse contexts throughout the world. A 10-years program, funded by the Stemmler Foundation within the German Stifterverband supported studies abroad with excursions, summer schools, and workshops with students from the Bachelor, Master and doctoral level of various study programs. Students from 39 countries from all over the world benefitted from this program. In summer schools, particularly ecosystem restoration and nature conservation were addressed in lectures and during field trips as well as with students’ input of case studies from their country of origin. During international excursions to various countries, land use and culture, land-use history, and sustainable development were topics, with close interaction with local land users and stakeholders. Bridging the natural with the social sciences was achieved by involving respective experts as well as stimulate students to cross-disciplinary thinking and judgements. Master students were offered exploratory learning environments abroad within ongoing landscape ecological research projects for their thesis. Students’ feedback reflect an overall successful approach, which prepared students for the global environmental challenges with hard and soft skills.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the Plasma-Lyte 148® versUs Saline Study (PLUS) trial
Authors: Billot Laurent , Finfer Simon , Micallef Sharon
Published: September 2020

PLUS study is a prospective, multi-centre, parallel group, concealed, blinded, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether fluid resuscitation and therapy with a “balanced” crystalloid solution (Plasma-Lyte 148®) decreases 90-day mortality in critically ill patients requiring fluid resuscitation when compared with the same treatment using 0.9% sodium chloride (saline). This detailed statistical analysis plan (SAP) was written by the trial statistician, chief investigator and project manager and approved by the PLUS management committee prior to unblinding and completion of data collection.
Evolving Infection Paradox of SARS-CoV-2: Fitness Costs Virulence?
Authors: Alam A. S. M. Rubayet Ul , Islam Ovinu Kibria , Hasan Shazid , Al‐Emran Hassan M. , Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Hossain M. Anwar
Published: September 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuously spreading worldwide at an unprecedented scale in 2020. Within the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has evolved into six clades according to GISAID where three (G, GH, and GR) are now globally prevalent (>75%). Here we report the prevalence of these dominant clades, both individually and in combination, with disease progression and death-case scenario that leads to infer fitness of the SARS-CoV-2 by compromising its virulence. Unlike G or GH clades, the GR clade strains represent a significant negative association with the death-case ratio (R= -0.558, p=0.019). Docking analysis revealed the molecular scenario behind more infectiousness of S protein D614G mutation and reasoned more favorable binding of G614 with the elastase-2. Viral RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) mutation p.P323L facilitated significantly higher (p<0.0001) genome-wide mutations because more flexible RdRp (mutant)-NSP8 interaction may accelerate replication. Superior RNA stability and structural variation at NSP3:C241T might change the protein’s conformation with a speculated impact on 5'UTR, nucleocapsid, and replication complex interactions. Another silent 5'UTR:C241T mutation might affect translational efficiency and viral packaging. These G-featured coevolving mutations might together increase the viral load, quicker cell death, and potentially a stronger immune response within the host, hence can modulate intra-host genomic plasticity. In addition, viroporin ORF3a:p.Q57H mutation of GH-clade prevents ion permeability by constricting the channel pore more tightly due to additional ionic interaction with the cysteine (C81) of transmembrane-domain-2, which possibly reduces viral release and immune response. GR strains (four G clade mutations with N:p.RG203-204KR) would have maintained more stability with stronger RNA interaction, a flexible linker region, and the molecular effect of hypo-phosphorylation at SR-stretch. These empirical assumptions need further retrospective and prospective studies to understand detailed molecular and evolutionary events featuring the fitness and virulence of SARS-CoV-2.
Higher and deeper: Bringing layer fMRI to association cortex
Authors: Finn Emily S. , Huber Laurentius , Bandettini Peter A
Published: September 2020

Recent advances in fMRI have enabled non-invasive measurements of brain function in awake, behaving humans at unprecedented spatial resolutions, allowing us to separate activity in distinct cortical layers. While most layer fMRI studies to date have focused on primary cortices, we argue that the next big steps forward in our understanding of cognition will come from expanding this technology into higher-order association cortices, to characterize depth-dependent activity during increasingly sophisticated mental processes. We outline phenomena and theories ripe for investigation with layer fMRI, including perception and imagery, selective attention, and predictive coding. We discuss practical and theoretical challenges to cognitive applications of layer fMRI, including localizing regions of interest in the face of substantial anatomical heterogeneity across individuals, designing appropriate task paradigms within the confines of acquisition parameters, and generating hypotheses for higher-order brain regions where the laminar circuitry is less well understood. We consider how applying layer fMRI in association cortex may help inform computational models of brain function as well as shed light on consciousness and mental illness, and issue a call to arms to our fellow methodologists and neuroscientists to bring layer fMRI to this next frontier.
I remember it like it was yesterday: Age-related changes in the subjective experience of remembering
Authors: Folville Adrien , Simons Jon , D'Argembeau Arnaud , Bastin Christine
Published: September 2020

It has been frequently described that older adults subjectively report the vividness of their memories as being as high, or even higher, than young adults, despite poorer objective memory performance. Here, we review studies that examined age-related differences in the subjective experience of memory vividness. Together, studies using different types of approaches converge to suggest that older adults assign vividness ratings that are as high or higher than young adults but rely on retrieved memory details to a lesser extent to judge vividness. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying these observations. Inflation of memory vividness with regard to the richness of memory content may stem from age-differences in vividness criterion or scale interpretation and psycho-social factors. The reduced reliance on episodic memory details in the older age-group may stem from their reduced ability to recollect precise details from past events and/or age-related differences in how they monitor these details to make their vividness ratings. We highlight that a desirable avenue for future research would be to investigate how subjective vividness ratings follow the richness of the corresponding mental representations in other cognitive operations than episodic memory and in other populations than healthy older adults. We further recommend that future studies explore the links between memory vividness and other subjective memory scales (e.g., ratings of details or memory confidence) in healthy aging, as it could be used as a window to better characterize the cognitive processes that underpin the subjective assessment of the quality of recollected past events.
ANCOVA versus Change Score for the Analysis of Nonexperimental Two-Wave Data: A Structural Modeling Perspective
Authors: Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander
Published: September 2020

There is an ongoing debate on whether the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or the change score approach is more appropriate when analyzing nonexperimental pre-post designs. In this article, we use a structural modeling perspective to clarify the different assumptions that are made by the ANCOVA and the change score approaches to identify the causal effect of a treatment variable. We show that the change score approach offers the option of controlling for unobserved confounders but relies on strong assumptions about the effects of these unobserved confounders and does not allow for dynamic causal relationships. By contrast, the ANCOVA approach is based on a selection-on-observables approach and assumes that all relevant confounders are measured. Furthermore, we illustrate conditions under which the two approaches give lower and upper bounds of the true treatment effect, and we discuss the role of measurement error. Implications for the analysis of nonexperimental two-wave data are discussed.
Improving Mouse Behaviour Assessment with Generalized Additive Modelling (GAM): The Case of the Home Cage Social Interaction Test
Authors: Sala Giovanni , Galuzzi Bruno Giovanni
Published: September 2020

The Home Cage Social Interaction (HCSI) test is a standard tool for assessing locomotor activity and social behaviour in numerous mouse models of psychiatric disorders. Data obtained from this test are commonly analysed with linear modelling. However, linear modelling is unfit for HCSI data because the relation between HCSI response variables and time is cyclic rather than linear. Moreover, the response variables are commonly assumed to follow a Gaussian (normal) distribution, which is pretty much never the case with HCSI data. In brief, the statistical model currently applied to HCSI data is substantially incorrect.We thus propose to employ nonlinear modelling techniques such as General Additive Modelling (GAM) for HCSI data. GAM utilizes smoothing functions that allow for nonlinear relationships between the response variable and the covariates. Moreover, GAM enables the researcher to employ smoothing functions designed for analysing cyclic data. Finally, GAM also implements non-Gaussian exponential family distributions to meet the model’s statistical assumptions. We compare linear modelling and GAM on 27 HCSI statistically independent experiments involving wild-type and mutant mice over seven days. In all the cases, the GAM models outperform the linear models in both explained deviance and inference reliability. Most notably, the linear models tend towards Type I error with regard to the group effect and Type II error with respect to the time-by-group interaction. We thus recommend researchers to adopt the present statistical model to analyse HCSI data.
Mother-in-law daughter-in-law conflict: An evolutionary perspective and report of empirical data from the United States
Authors: Ayers Jessica Daphne , Krems Jaimie , Hess Nicole , Aktipis Athena
Published: September 2020

Relationships with genetic relatives have been extensively studied in the evolutionary social sciences, but affinal, i.e., in-laws, relationships have received much less attention. Yet humans have extensive interactions with the kin of their mates, leading to many opportunities for cooperative and conflictual interactions with extended kinship networks. To contribute to the scholarship on affinal bonds, and particularly on perceptions of affinal conflict, we collected empirical data on cooperation and conflict among affines. Here we report empirical evidence of self-reported cooperative and conflictual aspects in affinal relationships in a Western sample. U.S. men and women both reported more conflict with mothers-in-law than with mothers, and mothers reported more conflict with their daughters-in-law than with their daughters. We discuss the implications of this work and directions for future research.
Translation as a Tool for Teaching English in Saudi EFL Classrooms: Teachers Attitude
Authors: Alhajeri Ruba
Published: September 2020

This paper goes in line with modern movement towards bringing back translation as a teaching aid and investigates the use of translation in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms. The main focus of this paper is on Saudi EFL instructors' attitudes towards the use of translation as a teaching aid and explores to what extent do Saudi teachers tend to use translation in the teaching process. This research paper concludes that teachers use translation as a technique to help the student to understand better and assess the students' overall language learning experience. The findings open the venue for further investigation of this matter in other parts of the Arab world to have a broader picture of the issue in this part of the world.
A Structural Postcolonial Analysis of Voice and Noise in Joseph Conrad's The Lagoon
Authors: Zeidanin Hussein
Published: September 2020

This article explores the motifs of voice and noise in Joseph Conrad's The Lagoon from a structural postcolonial perspective. The dialectic relations between voice and power, structure, and function are critically investigated to identify the ideologies involved in the subjugation of the Orient and sustainment of the racial superiority of the Occident. The noise narrative structure and ethnic conflict add to voice disrupts the effective reception of the message conveyed. The Lagoon encapsulates a story-within-a-story with two storytellers relating different narratives and addressing different characters and audiences from different viewpoints. Their narratives elicit responses ranging from trust to distrust depending on the identity of the storyteller and hierarchy of the narrative structure within the story. The study evaluates the impact of structure and ethnic identity on the reception of voice, and shows how structural and cultural noises disrupt the voice of the Orient. It finds that the Occident's perception of the Orient is based on certain stereotypes and misconceptions. The voice of Arsat, a protagonist and storyteller, is accordingly subordinated to the framing voice of the third-person narrator, and his tale structurally functions as a flashback.
The Role of Connections in Congressional Lawmaking
Authors: Garro Haritz
Published: September 2020

Understanding what makes legislators effective is a central problem in the congressional literature. However, estimating how connections impact legislative effectivenessis challenging, as unobserved factors influence lawmakers’ effectiveness and connections. I investigate the role of connections in congressional lawmaking by studying how legislators’ deaths impact their peers’ capacity to sponsor and advance bills in the U.S. House of Representatives. I focus on legislators who represent the same states as deceased legislators: these lawmakers collaborated with the deceased more closely, but otherwise they are comparable to all other lawmakers. Following the death of a legislator from the same state, lawmakers suffer a 16% decrease in their effectiveness. The impacts are concentrated in the initial stages of lawmaking when the support of key lawmakers is crucial to ensure a bill is considered in committee. Moreover, same-state legislators experience a larger decrease in effectiveness after the death of a committee chair.
On the implementation of the Universal Basic Income as a response to technological unemployment
Authors: Nguyen Le Dong Hai
Published: September 2020

The effects of automation on our economy and society are more palpable than ever, with nearly half of jobs at risk of being fully executed by machines over the next decade or two. Policymakers and scholars alike have championed the Universal Basic Income (UBI) as a catch-all solution to this problem. This paper examines the shortcomings of UBI in addressing the automation-led large-scale displacement of labor by analyzing empirical data from previous UBI-comparable experiments and presenting theoretical projections that highlight disappointing impacts of UBI in the improvement of relevant living standards and employability metrics among pensioners. Finally, a recommendation shall be made for the retainment of existing means-tested welfare programs while bolstering funding and R&D for more up-to-date worker training schemes as a more effective solution to technological unemployment.
“Monument to Rottenness”: Postcolonial Enclave Tourism in Jamaica Kincaid’s A Small Place
Authors: Aljahdali Samar H.
Published: September 2020

Postcolonial criticism has recently recovered tourism from the margins of postcolonial studies. This paper aims to contribute to the postcolonial discourse on island tourism by exploring Jamaica Kincaid’s A Small Place (1988) as a discursive subversion of a tourism industry centered on the exclusion of local agency and history. Framed in postcolonial theory, the study focuses on enclave tourism as an unsustainable economy based on tourist/host division. It draws on Edensor’s (2000, 2001) and Carrigan’s (2010a, 2010b) conceptualizations of enclave tourism. Kincaid’s representation of postcolonial Antigua reveals the complicity of colonial legacy with unsustainable tourism development. Sites of ruins and decline become tourist attractions and monuments to rottenness, signifying the dispossession of the local Antiguans and the erasure of their culture. The study reveals how tourist enclaves, as represented in Kincaid’s travel narrative, do not only produce a divided and contrived space but also limit the tourist experience of the real Antigua.
The Protagonist and the City: Istanbul in Orphan Pamuk’s A Strangeness in My Mind and The Museum of Innocence
Authors: Hezam Abdulrahman Mokbel Mahyoub
Published: September 2020

The study is an attempt to focus on one of the world's biggest cultural cities; Istanbul through the works of one of Turley's great modernist writers Orphan Pamuk. The study tries to answer the following question: How does Pamuk use the personal stories of his characters to chronicle the historical development of Istanbul? Two novels have been selected for the study; A Strangeness in My Mind and The Museum of Innocence. The significance of the study lies in trying to show how these two texts, not only reveal the writer’s reflections on urban space, but also show the character’s experience in urban space and how the author uses these experiences to chronicle the history of the city. The study shows that the role of Istanbul in Pamuk's novels moves from the setting for the action to an active element of the action and relation between the characters in these novels and Istanbul is a relation that evolves with time, wherein, both the variables are influenced by the action of one another.
A COMPLEX SYSTEM NEEDS HOMEOSTASIS: MARKET SELF-ORGANIZATION THROUGH NEGATIVE FEEDBACK USING A FLOATING TAXATION POLICY
Authors: Abramov Dimitri Marques
Published: September 2020

Despite the market economy to be contemporaneously considered as a complex adaptive system, there are no collective feedback mechanism that provide long range stability and complexity to the system. In this scenario, the logical prediction is a long-term economic collapse by positive loops. In this work, I outline the fundamental idea of a floating taxation system as a feedback system to prevent market collapse by asymmetrical company overgrowth and extreme reduction of system complexity. The paradigm would promote the long-term stability of the economic system. I’ve implemented a generic computational neural network with 5000 virtual companies whose initial states (i.e. capital) and connective weights (trading network) were normally distributed. A negative feedback loop was implemented with different weights. The market complexity was measured in terms of joint entropy in an algorithm to calc neural complexity in networks. Without feedback, some companies had explosive growth annihilating all collateral ones until all system collapses. With feedback loops, the complexity was stable while many companies disappeared (negative selection) and the capital variance substantially increased (from 10 units in initial conditions to 2000 times) as well complexity (increment on order to 104). This data supports a theory about feedback dynamic mechanisms for market self-regulation based on floating taxes, maintaining homeostasis with complexity, capital growth, and competitive balance.
Viral hauntology: Specters of AIDS in infrastructures of gay sexual sociability
Authors: Møller Kristian , Ledin Chase
Published: September 2020

In recent years, HIV treatment has become so effective that a patients’ viral load can become so low that it is undetectable, which in turn reduces the risk of viral transmission to zero. At the same time for people who are HIV negative, the use of the medical regimen “pre-exposure prophylaxis”, or “PrEP”, reduces the risk of HIV infection by 92%-99%. In case studies of "the PrEP whore" and health disclosure on gay hookup apps, we think about HIV/AIDS not only as a somatic condition affecting a body, but also as a socio-technical matter. We argue that our concept of "viral hauntology" allows us to think deeply about how “old” technologies and their social lives fold over and into new ones, and how the folding process “drags” in order to imagine other, more inclusive, gay socio-sexual futures.
Stabilization Appliance for Masticatory Pain Secondary to Bruxism: A Case report
Authors: Paudel Sandhya , Suwal P , Singh RK , Parajuli P , Limbu IK , Basnet BB
Published: September 2020

Occlusal appliance therapy is a proven modality for facilitating diagnosis and alleviating the pain related to different types of temporomandibular dysfunctions and obnoxious par functional habits such as bruxism and clenching. A properly fabricated occlusal appliance or splint serves the functions of relaxing the masticatory muscles, allowing the condyle to seat in centric relation, providing diagnosticinformation, protecting teeth and associated structures. The stabilization appliance has shown to decrease par functional activity thus considered when pain occurs due to muscle hyperactivity due tobruxism. This case report highlights on the management of masticatory pain secondary to bruxism with stabilization appliance as an adjunct to other pharmacological and physical therapy. A heat cured acrylic stabilization appliance was fabricated and delivered to the patient which significantly reduced the pain within four weeks.
Root Guided Immediate Implant Placement at Mandibular Molar Site: A Case Report
Authors: Pradhan Bismita , Joshi SP , Sah S
Published: September 2020

With the advancement in science and technology, Immediate implant placement has become a widely used and well accepted alternative to traditional treatment protocols. Post extraction implant placement in multicoated molar area is challenging. The primary stability in molar areas is achieved by engaging the interradicular bone but slipping of osteotomy drill to mesial or distal root socket during implant bed preparation is the main problem in post extraction immediate implant placement. Use of surgical guide, pre- extractive interradicular implant bed preparation and the combination of both these techniques has been used to overcome the problem related to immediate implant placement at molar sites. This paper presents an alternative approach in immediate Implant placement in multi rooted molar area that uses the anatomy and morphology of roots in guiding the osteotomy  to provide an ideal3-dimensional implant positioning.
Use of a Semi-Precision Attachment to Fabricate A Removable Partial Denture: A Case Report
Authors: Pandey Bijay , Joshi S P , Thapa D , Shrestha P
Published: September 2020

Use of attachment in providing retention to removable prosthesis is an old treatment modality with better success. It highly improves the comfort, aesthetic, function, and patient satisfaction, especially in the patients with long span edentulism where implants and fixed partial denture (FPD) are not indicated and cast partial dentures are barely satisfactory. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning is necessary for selection of appropriate attachment type. A comprehensive evaluation, multi-disciplinary approach and sequential treatment planning is needed for long-term successful outcome. This case report describes the use of an extra coronal semi-precision attachment to enhance retention of removable prosthesis.
Polyvinyl Siloxane template for making a customized post: A clinical tip
Authors: Shrestha Prabhat
Published: September 2020

Not available.
Mysticism and the Fine Structure Constant
Authors: Brown Philip Robert
Published: September 2020

The number $\pi/(2\cdot6^3)$, suggested as the value of the fine structure constant $\alpha$ by Werner Heisenberg in 1935, is modified by "quantizing" $\pi$. This obtains, by empirical discovery, a new number which is much closer to the current measured value of the fine structure constant and within the range of variation of the fine structure constant reported by astronomers from their observation of the spectra of distant quasars. The expression of the reciprocal of this number in base 6 arithmetic yields further evidence for the surprising connection between the number 137 and Kabbalah first noted by Gershom Scholem in the 1950s. The results are interpreted in the hermeneutic tradition of the Pauli-Jung collaboration (relating, in particular, tothe World Clock dream) and Pythagorean mysticism. Some connections of the number $137$ to the golden ratio and the Fibonacci sequence are also explored.
Tinjauan Yuridis Permufakatan Jahat Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No : 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika (Studi Putusan Nomor : 423/Pid/2018/PN. Mdn)
Authors: Sinaga Agus Pranata , Lubis Anggreini Atmei , Munthe Riswan
Published: September 2020

The narcotics problem has now penetrated all elements of the nation ranging from children to adults, from the lower classes to officials, even politicians and law enforcement are not sterile from narcotics abuse, so that eradication efforts are not enough to only be handled by the government and law enforcement officials instead, it needs to involve the whole community to play a role and actively participate in its prevention and eradication. This type of research is empirical juridical law research. Application of Material Criminal Law by the Judge against the Narcotics Misuse Act of Group I in non-plant form Decision number 423 / pid.sus / 2018 / PN. Mdn is right. In article 114 Paragraph (2) Jo Article 123 of the Republic of Indonesia Law NO: 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics indicted in the Primair Indictment. The legal consideration by the Judge regarding the criminal acts of Misuse of Narcotics of Group I in the form of non-plants in imposing convictions is appropriate because the Judge in case Number 423 / pid.sus / 2018 / PN. Mdn handed down convictions based on witness statements, defendant statements, and documentary evidence according to Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code as legal evidence.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Kepabean Penyeludupan Pakaian Bekas (Putusan No. 237/Pid.B/2016/PN.Tjb)
Authors: Tambunan Roberto , Suhatrizal Suhatrizal , Siregar Taufik
Published: September 2020

Smuggling is a problem that often occurs in Indonesia, so the smuggling problem must receive the full attention of the government to be immediately addressed. As a national legal product based on the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the form of the Proactive and Anticipatory Customs Law is still very simple, on the other hand it must reach a broader aspect to anticipate the development of trade. The method of this research is Library Research and Field Research. The negative impact of smuggling used clothing is very detrimental to the domestic industry and detrimental to the country's income and economy, but on the other hand there are also positive impacts on the poor that benefit from being able to buy ex-foreign goods from smuggling at low prices and higher quality high. As one of the Government Agencies participating in the effort to eradicate the smuggling of used clothing and the public should not be easily tempted by the import price of used clothing which is cheaper than local clothing, because the level of health is not necessarily guaranteed.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Kontrak Yang Mengalami Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Pada Masa Kontrak (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor : 82/Pdt.Sus-Phi/2016/PN. Mdn)
Authors: Silalahi Sintha Dewi , Munawir Zaini , Syaputra Muhammad Yusrizal Adi
Published: September 2020

Work relationships that occur between companies are reciprocal relationships, i.e. relationships that need each other. The company will not be able to carry out its activities without having workers and vice versa. Individuals who work in a company certainly work to get a wage. Based on this relationship, each party, namely the company and workers, is protected by their rights and obligations. This type of normative juridical research is carried out by reviewing various formal legal rules such as laws, regulations and literature containing theoretical concepts which are then linked to the issues to be discussed. Data analysis is done by qualitative analysis, namely by interpreting the symptoms that occur, not in exposure to behavior, but in a tendency. The working relationship between the Plaintiff and the Defendant is in fact not fulfilling the requirements as described, namely a permanent work relationship, because the conditions that are not fulfilled so that the employment relationship between the Plaintiff and the Defendant must be interpreted as non-permanent work. The working relationship between the Plaintiff and the Defendant which is not permanent, then by itself can be the basis of the working relationship between the Plaintiff and the Defendant is made working relations based on the Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT)
Penerapan Sanksi Hukum Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak (Studi Putusan No. 65/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/PN. Mdn)
Authors: Ginting Sharon Yudha , Lubis Anggreini Atmei , Zulyadi Rizkan
Published: September 2020

Rape by some groups is grouped into acts of violence against women, even in some cases that often arise, rape can be committed by a man against his wife, children (nephew) or women who are at home with him, so that various terms of marital rape, sexual abuse appear, and incest, better known generally as acts of violence against women. The type of research used is normative juridical, namely the type of research conducted by studying existing norms or legislation related to the issues discussed. Application of criminal sanctions against children who commit rape in Decision No. 65 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2017 / PN. Mdn with imprisonment for 3 (three) years and 6 (six) months. Also impose a crime on the child by undergoing Job Training for 1 (one) month at Upt. LKPS-Child and Youth Social Services (PSAR) of the North Sumatra Province Social Service in Tanjung Morawa. The factors that cause the occurrence of criminal acts of rape committed by children are due to social factors, and mass media factors, because the defendant is often in the internet cafe, so he can often watch pornographic films and practice them against his own girlfriend, the defendant wants to be responsible for his actions, but because there is no money and not approved by the family, the defendant is reported to the police to account for his actions.
Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Pengungkapan Kasus Penganiayaan Di Kepolisian Resort Dairi
Authors: Galingging Feri Pasu Manaek , Zulyadi Ridho , Trisna Wessy
Published: September 2020

Implementation of the principle of restorative justice on the crime of persecution is still many pros and cons. For the investigator is not easy to settle the criminal act of persecution with the principle of restorative justice because there must be agreement between the victim's family and the perpetrator. Research method in writing this thesis is Library Research and Field Research. Implementation of the principle of restorative justice in the process of investigation of children as perpetrators of criminal acts of persecution, investigators have opinions that are different from the Law of the Criminal Justice System of Children. Implementation of the principle of restorative justice in the settlement of criminal acts of mistreatment committed by a child is performed after the process of conversion if the diversion fails and without the existence of a third warning letter and the determination of the court. The obstacles faced by the Dairi Regional Police are that there is no meeting point between the perpetrators and the victims and their families, the families of the victims object to the perpetrators and expect the perpetrators to be punished severely, the victims and perpetrators do not want to make peace through diversion.
Tindak Pidana Penggelapan Dalam Jabatan Dilakukan Oleh Sales Executive Hotel The Hill Sibolangit Medan (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor : 1170/Pid.B/2016/PN. Mdn)
Authors: Sihaloho Edianto , Mubarak Ridho , Munthe Riswan
Published: September 2020

The use of criminal law efforts as an effort to overcome social problems, including in the field of law enforcement policies to achieve the welfare of society in general. These developments have greatly influenced various parties / persons to carry out various ways in fulfilling their wishes, one of which is the embezzlement of the position stipulated in Article 374 of the Criminal Code. This study aims to determine the forms of embezzlement in the criminal law. The method used in this research is normative juridical and conducting direct interviews with the Judges involved in the decision based on the decision number: 1170 / Pid.B / 2016 / PN. MDN. The result of the research is that this form of embezzlement takes place in a position, that is, misusing an existing position Factors that cause embezzlement based on data obtained in general is the decline in employee mentality is one of the factors that cause embezzlement. The application of the criminal sanction of embezzlement in a position must first be seen from its elements. Where the penalty that can be imposed is contained in Article 374 of the Criminal Code.
Tinjauan Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Terhadap Pengalihan Tanah Wakaf Sebagai Fasilitas Umum
Authors: Munthe Chandra , Jamilah Jamilah , Hasibuan Abdul Lawali
Published: September 2020

According to Islamic law, various views of some schools forbid changing or transferring waqf property, while some other schools allow that the assets cannot be taken advantage of or reduced in benefits and must be replaced. Meanwhile, according to legal regulations in Indonesia and the Compilation of Islamic Law allow with certain conditions. This study uses descriptive research and the nature of the research used is included in the category of normative legal research. Legal arrangements regarding the transfer of waqf land in Indonesia are regulated in Presidential Instruction No. RI. 1 of 1991 concerning Compilation of Islamic Law in Article 225 paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 49 paragraph (1) of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Endowments, Article 49 paragraph (2) Government Regulation No. 25 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning Endowments. Management of waqf land namely Nazir makes a letter of application for submission of waqf land for public facilities to the Minister of Religion by attaching the certificate of waqf pledge certificate, certificate of proof of ownership of the substitute land for waqf, Tax Object Sales Value (NJOP) of waqf land and its exchanges, spatial plans from local government, and other letters. The resolution of the waqf land dispute is carried out through three stages, namely through deliberation efforts to obtain consensus, mediation, and legal efforts to file a claim to the Religious Court.
Unearthing Houses in Porphyreon and Chhim. Structure, Spatial Development, and Decoration of Domestic Spaces in Late Antique Phoenicia
Authors: Waliszewski Tomasz , Burdajewicz Julia
Published: September 2020

Porphyreon (Jiyeh/Nebi Younis) and Chhim were large rural settlements situated on the coast of modernday Lebanon, north of the Phoenician city of Sidon. As attested by the remains of residential architecture, they were thriving during the Roman Period and late Antiquity (1st–7th centuries AD). This article presents the preliminary observations on the domestic architecture uncovered at both sites, their spatial and social structure, as well as their furnishing and decoration, based on the fieldwork carried out in recent years by the joint PolishLebanese research team. The focus will be put on the wall painting fragments found in considerable numbers in Porphyreon. The iconographical and functional study of the paintings betrays to what extent the inhabitants of rural settlements in the coastal zone of the Levant were inclined to imitate the decoration of the urban houses known to them from the nearby towns, such as Berytus, but also from religious contexts represented by churches.
COVID-19, Lockdown and the Family in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tom Tom , Chipenda Clement
Published: September 2020

Globally, COVID-19 has caused disruption to all social institutions and sectors of the economy. Projections are that the pandemic is likely to deepen hardships already experienced by various groups in society, especially the vulnerable. As COVID-19 continues to unfold and spread, it has become apparent that the virus and its associated problems are more than biomedical issues. Against a backdrop where researchers and practitioners from public health, epidemiology, and medicine are dominating research, discussions and publication, the article advances the argument that sociologists are well qualified and positioned to explore the social causes, social consequences, and responses to COVID-19. Sociological input is pivotal to comprehensive understanding and development of effective responses to the pandemic. In this context, and specifically focusing on the family despite the complexity and dynamism attendant to this institution, the article contributes real-time insights on how the pandemic is unfolding in Zimbabwe and the associated responses, or their absence. The paper addresses lacunae in availability of quality and meaningful understanding of the pandemic particularly from the perspective of the family as the basic unit of any society in both urban and rural contexts. The lived experiences and situated meanings of COVID-19 at the family level are important in interrogating its implications to communities, the future and social policy.
COVID-19 in Ghana: Changes and the Way Forward
Authors: Salifu Yendork Joana , James Spencer
Published: September 2020

As a lower-middle income country, Ghana is noted for having a progressive economy, health system, and family trends. However, COVID-19, with it associated restrictions, has brought changes to various aspects of Ghanaians’ lives. In this paper, we review information from government websites, online media websites, social media, academic articles, and anecdotal evidence to track changes brought about by the pandemic. Specifically, we focus on economic well-being, education and schooling, family interaction, mental health and communication in community as well ethnic, cultural, and social class variations. Findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic is changing life for all Ghanaians, notably by reinforcing existing inequalities and highlighting previously known gaps in service, coverage, and access across multiple sectors, including healthcare, business and education. Family patterns are changing for both the nuclear and extended family units. The pandemic has created both challenges and opportunities for parents to engage with their children. Anxiety levels are heightened and psychological services have consequently been made widely available. Education has slowly and unevenly gone virtual. Further, the crisis has generated local innovations to meet the nation’s needs during the pandemic. The findings call for national reforms in the production and distribution of goods and services in all sectors as well as empirical work into the long-term effects of the pandemic on Ghanaians.
Family and Mental Health During the Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: The Perspective of the Counselors Participating in Psychological Helpline Services
Authors: Hervalejo Diego , Carcedo Rodrigo J. , Fernández-Rouco Noelia
Published: September 2020

This work focuses on family functioning and mental health difficulties during confinement due to COVID-19 in Spain from the perspective of the counselors who collaborated in the psychological helpline services. A total of 56 helpline psychological counselors from 4 different services participated in this study. The principal results of this study highlight four important aspects: 1) the confinement has generated and/or aggravated previous family and mental health problems; 2) a lack of emotional and/or instrumental support has been the most frequent family problem; 3) anxiety symptoms and feelings of loneliness have proved to be the main manifestations of mental health problems; and 4) the resources most frequently used by the callers were knowing how to regulate their emotions, maintaining an organized life, and receiving support from their family and/or partner. The implications of these results and a description of the situation in Spain are also described.
Why “We Can’t Breathe” During COVID-19
Authors: Davis Dannielle Joy , Chaney Cassandra , BeLue Rhonda
Published: September 2020

Now in the midst of a racial crisis, the United States continues to face challenges from COVID-19. Herein, scholars explain the influence of the virus on health, education, and social interactions within families. Special attention will be placed on the pandemic’s effect upon African American/ Black communities.
Hipoacusia infantil, déficit sensorial frecuente
Authors: Baraquiso Pazos Maribel , Guier Bonilla Luisana
Published: September 2020

La hipoacusia es la deficiencia sensorial más frecuente en la infancia. Es una condición incapacitante que afecta tanto al paciente como a su familia; no obstante, gracias al tamizaje auditivo neonatal y la detección temprana, el impacto sobre el desarrollo del lenguaje y la comunicación puede ser mínimo. Los síndromes con afectación auditiva, las infecciones intraútero y las infecciones postnatales son algunas de las causas de sordera en niños.  Las causas genéticas no sindrómicas son responsables de la mayoría de los casos. El diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad se realiza mediante la aplicación de pruebas audiológicas subjetivas y objetivas. El tratamiento debe se instaura de forma precoz, de manera multidisciplinaria y depende específicamente de la etiología.
Surgical Management of Complex Anomalous Head Posture in Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus
Authors: C Ganesh Sandra , C Ganesh Sandra , S Raut Ashwini , G Rao Shilpa
Published: September 2020

Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) is usually associated with a null zone, which is the zone of minimal
nystagmus intensity. An anomalous head posture (AHP) is adopted to shift the null zone from an eccentric
position to primary position. A complex AHP may include head position involvement in different ocular
axes-namely face turn, chin elevation or depression and head tilt or a combination of these. Surgically,
various procedures have been described for correction of this condition. We evaluated 2 children aged six
and ten years, who presented with shaking of eyes along with presence of a complex AHP. First child had
20 degrees right face turn, 20 degrees right head tilt and 10 degrees of chin elevation. She underwent a
combination of 2 procedures-augmented Anderson’s procedure for correction of right face turn and
modification of Kestenbaum procedure for right head tilt along with bilateral IR recession, for correction of
chin elevation. Postoperatively, AHP was satisfactorily corrected to 5 degrees face turn and minimal head
tilt, and it remained stable for one year. The second child had left face turn 15 degrees, with right head tilt
of 20 degrees and chin depression 10 degrees. He underwent a combination of 2 procedures-augmented
Anderson’s procedure for correction of left face turn and modification of Kestenbaum procedure for right
head tilt along with bilateral SR recession, for correction of chin depression. Postoperatively, AHP was
satisfactorily corrected to 5 degrees face turn and minimal head tilt, which remained stable over a period of
one year. In both cases, AHP was corrected by operating on only 2 muscles in each eye (one horizontal and
one vertical) at a time. As both cases presented with combination of both torsional and vertical components
of AHP, we decided to treat them both by surgery on a single vertical rectus muscle bilaterally to correct
the chin position (elevation or depression), as well as torticollis (transposition of vertical recti, either nasally
or temporally as needed). Since a third rectus muscle was not operated upon, there was a lesser possibility
of developing anterior segment ischaemia. Additionally, as all components of AHP were corrected in one
session, need for a second procedure under general anaesthesia to correct residual AHP was avoided in both
cases.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Self Management pada Pasien DM Tipe II
Authors: Mustarim Sari Wahyuni , Nur Busjra M. , Azzam Rohman
Published: September 2020

This study aims to identify the factors associated with self-management of type II DM patients in Kendari City. The study design was cross sectional. The results showed a significant relationship between DM knowledge, self-efficacy, family support, motivation and emotional aspects with self management (p <0.05). The factors that have the most significant relationship with self management are knowledge, self-efficacy and socioeconomic. Respondents who had self-efficacy had 102 times the opportunity to implement DM self-management better than those who lack self-efficacy (Ex (b) = 102,359). Whereas respondents who got good knowledge had 44 times the opportunity to implement good self management compared to those who lack knowledge. Conclusion, there is a significant relationship that is knowledge, self-efficacy and social economy with self management and the results of this study can be a reference for nurses to provide counseling about the importance of doing good self management. Keywords: DM Type II, Self Management