bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology-based research on the effect of Radix Astragali on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Wei Junqiang , Kong Lingwei , Song Mingze , Zhang Yange , Xiao Xiangyu , Cao Haiying , Jin Yu
Published: December 2023

To explore the anti-tumor effects of Radix Astragali on osteosarcoma and its mechanism. We analyzed the PPI network of Radix Astragali’s potential targets for treating osteosarcoma and got the hub targets. We used KM curves to screen hub targets that could prolong sarcoma patients’ survival time. We performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of Radix Astragali’s potential targets and predicted Radix Astragali's molecular mechanism and function in treating osteosarcoma. The binding process between the hub targets, which could prolong sarcoma patients' survival time, and Radix Astragali was simulated through molecular docking. PPI network analysis of potential therapeutic targets discriminated 25 hub targets. The KM curves of the hub targets showed there were 13 hub targets that were effective in improving the 5-year survival rate of sarcoma patients. GO and KEGG enrichment demonstrated that Radix Astragali regulates multiple signaling pathways of osteosarcoma. Molecular docking results indicated that Radix Astragali could bind freely to the hub target, which could prolong the sarcoma patient's survival time. Radix Astragali act on osteosarcoma by regulating a signaling network formed by hub targets connecting multiple signaling pathways. Radix Astragali has the potential to become a drug for treating osteosarcoma and prolonging the sarcoma patient's survival time.
Beneficial effects of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles as seed nanopriming agent on seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Setty Jyotsna , Samant Sanjib Bal , Yadav Mayank Kumar , Manjubala M. , Pandurangam Vijai
Published: December 2023

Climate change and increasing population pressure have put the agriculture sector in an arduous situation. With increasing demand for agricultural production overuse of inputs have accentuated the negative impact on environment. Hence, sustainable agriculture is gaining prominence in recent times with an emphasis on judicious and optimum use of resources. The field of nanotechnology can immensely help in achieving sustainability in agriculture at various levels. Use of nutrients and plant protection chemicals in nano-form can increase their efficacy even at reduced doses thus decreasing their pernicious impact. Seed priming is one of the important agronomic practices with widely reported positive impacts on germination, seedling growth and pathogen resistance. In the current study, the effect and efficacy of selenium nanoparticles synthesized using phyto-extracts as a seed priming agent is studied. This nanopriming enhanced the germination, hastened the seedling emergence and growth with an increase in seedling vigour and nutrient status. This eco-friendly and economical method of synthesizing nanoparticles of various nutrient minerals can optimize the resource use thus helping in sustainable agriculture by reducing environment damage without compromising on efficacy.
From the diagnosis of infectious keratitis to discriminating fungal subtypes; a deep learning-based study
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Esmaili Kosar , Rahdar Amir , Aminizadeh Mehdi , Cheraqpour Kasra , Tabatabaei Seyed Ali , Mirshahi Reza , Bibak Zahra , Mohammadi Seyed Farzad , Koganti Raghuram , Yousefi Siamak , Djalilian Ali R.
Published: December 2023

Infectious keratitis (IK) is a major cause of corneal opacity. IK can be caused by a variety of microorganisms. Typically, fungal ulcers carry the worst prognosis. Fungal cases can be subdivided into filamentous and yeasts, which shows fundamental differences. Delays in diagnosis or initiation of treatment increase the risk of ocular complications. Currently, the diagnosis of IK is mainly based on slit-lamp examination and corneal scrapings. Notably, these diagnostic methods have their drawbacks, including experience-dependency, tissue damage, and time consumption. Artificial intelligence (AI) is designed to mimic and enhance human decision-making. An increasing number of studies have utilized AI in the diagnosis of IK. In this paper, we propose to use AI to diagnose IK (model 1), differentiate between bacterial keratitis and fungal keratitis (model 2), and discriminate the filamentous type from the yeast type of fungal cases (model 3). Overall, 9329 slit-lamp photographs gathered from 977 patients were enrolled in the study. The models exhibited remarkable accuracy, with model 1 achieving 99.3%, model 2 at 84%, and model 3 reaching 77.5%. In conclusion, our study offers valuable support in the early identification of potential fungal and bacterial keratitis cases and helps enable timely management.
A universal variational quantum eigensolver for non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Zhao Huanfeng , Zhang Peng , Wei Tzu-Chieh
Published: December 2023

Many quantum algorithms are developed to evaluate eigenvalues for Hermitian matrices. However, few practical approach exists for the eigenanalysis of non-Hermintian ones, such as arising from modern power systems. The main difficulty lies in the fact that, as the eigenvector matrix of a general matrix can be non-unitary, solving a general eigenvalue problem is inherently incompatible with existing unitary-gate-based quantum methods. To fill this gap, this paper introduces a Variational Quantum Universal Eigensolver (VQUE), which is deployable on noisy intermediate scale quantum computers. Our new contributions include: (1) The first universal variational quantum algorithm capable of evaluating the eigenvalues of non-Hermitian matrices—Inspired by Schur’s triangularization theory, VQUE unitarizes the eigenvalue problem to a procedure of searching unitary transformation matrices via quantum devices; (2) A Quantum Process Snapshot technique is devised to make VQUE maintain the potential quantum advantage inherited from the original variational quantum eigensolver—With additional $$O(log_{2}{N})$$

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quantum gates, this method efficiently identifies whether a unitary operator is triangular with respect to a given basis; (3) Successful deployment and validation of VQUE on a real noisy quantum computer, which demonstrates the algorithm’s feasibility. We also undertake a comprehensive parametric study to validate VQUE’s scalability, generality, and performance in realistic applications.
Phytochemical screening and biological evaluation of Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) extracts
Authors: Mróz Marika , Kusznierewicz Barbara
Published: December 2023

This study explores the influence of extraction solvents on the composition and bioactivity of Salvia fruticosa extracts. Ultrasound-assisted extraction with water, ethanol and their mixtures in variable proportions was used to produce four different extracts. An untargeted UPLC/MS‑based metabolomics was performed to discover metabolites profile variation between the extracts. In the analyzed samples, 2704 features had been detected, of which 95 were tentatively identified. The concentrations of the important metabolites, namely, caffeic acid, carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B and scutellarin, were determined, using UPLC-PDA methods. Rosmarinic acid was the dominant metabolite and antioxidant in all tested extracts, except the aqueous extract, in which scutellarin was the most abundant compound. The extracts and standards were examined for antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The most diverse in terms of chemical composition and rich in antioxidant compounds was 70% ethanolic extract and the strongest antioxidant was caffeic acid. All analyzed extracts showed the ability to inhibit XO activity, but the highest value was recorded for 30% ethanolic extract. Among tested standards, the most potent XO inhibitor was caffeic acid. The results suggest that the leaves of Greek sage are a source of natural XO inhibitors and may be an alternative to drugs produced by chemical synthesis.
Enhancing solar spectrum utilization in photosynthesis: exploring exciton and site energy shifts as key mechanisms
Authors: Timpmann Kõu , Rätsep Margus , Freiberg Arvi
Published: December 2023

Photosynthesis is a critical process that harnesses solar energy to sustain life across Earth's intricate ecosystems. Central to this phenomenon is nuanced adaptation to a spectrum spanning approximately from 300 nm to nearly 1100 nm of solar irradiation, a trait enabling plants, algae, and phototrophic bacteria to flourish in their respective ecological niches. While the Sun’s thermal radiance and the Earth’s atmospheric translucence naturally constrain the ultraviolet extent of this range, a comprehension of how to optimize the utilization of near-infrared light has remained an enduring pursuit. This study unveils the remarkable capacity of the bacteriochlorophyll b-containing purple photosynthetic bacterium Blastochloris viridis to harness solar energy at extreme long wavelengths, a property attributed to a synergistic interplay of exciton and site energy shift mechanisms. Understanding the unique native adaptation mechanisms offers promising prospects for advancing sustainable energy technologies of solar energy conversion.
Low heat tolerance and high desiccation resistance in nocturnal bees and the implications for nocturnal pollination under climate change
Authors: Gonzalez Victor H. , Manweiler Rachel , Smith Adam R. , Oyen Kennan , Cardona David , Wcislo William T.
Published: December 2023

Predicting insect responses to climate change is essential for preserving ecosystem services and biodiversity. Due to high daytime temperatures and low humidity levels, nocturnal insects are expected to have lower heat and desiccation tolerance compared to diurnal species. We estimated the lower (CTMin) and upper (CTMax) thermal limits of Megalopta, a group of neotropical, forest-dwelling bees. We calculated warming tolerance (WT) as a metric to assess vulnerability to global warming and measured survival rates during simulated heatwaves and desiccation stress events. We also assessed the impact of body size and reproductive status (ovary area) on bees’ thermal limits. Megalopta displayed lower CTMin, CTMax, and WTs than diurnal bees (stingless bees, orchid bees, and carpenter bees), but exhibited similar mortality during simulated heatwave and higher desiccation tolerance. CTMin increased with increasing body size across all bees but decreased with increasing body size and ovary area in Megalopta, suggesting a reproductive cost or differences in thermal environments. CTMax did not increase with increasing body size or ovary area. These results indicate a greater sensitivity of Megalopta to temperature than humidity and reinforce the idea that nocturnal insects are thermally constrained, which might threaten pollination services in nocturnal contexts during global warming.
A peptide derived from interleukin-10 exhibits potential anticancer activity and can facilitate cell targeting of gold nanoparticles loaded with anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Chang Chun-Chun , Yang Chin-Hao , Chuang Chin-Hsien , Jiang Shinn-Jong , Hwang Yin-Min , Liou Je-Wen , Hsu Hao-Jen
Published: December 2023

Human interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine, and its expression is upregulated in tumor tissues and serum samples of patients with various cancers. Because of its immunosuppressive nature, IL-10 has also been suggested to be a factor leading to tumor cells’ evasion of immune surveillance and clearance by the host immune system. In this study, we refined a peptide with 20 amino acids, named NK20a, derived from the binding region of IL-10 on the basis of in silico analysis of the complex structure of IL-10 with IL-10Ra, the ligand binding subunit of the IL-10 receptor. The binding ability of the peptide was confirmed through in vitro biophysical biolayer interferometry and cellular experiments. The IL-10 inhibitory peptide exerted anticancer effects on lymphoma B cells and could abolish the suppression effect of IL-10 on macrophages. NK20a was also conjugated with gold nanoparticles to target the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the anticancer efficacy of 5-FU against the breast cancer cell line BT-474. Our study demonstrated that NK20a designed in silico with improved binding affinity to the IL-10 receptor can be used as a tool in developing anticancer strategies.
Mothers are more egocentric towards their own child’s bodily feelings
Authors: Kirsch Louise P. , Tanzer Michal , Filippetti Maria Laura , von Mohr Mariana , Fotopoulou Aikaterini
Published: December 2023

Our emotional state can influence how we understand other people’s emotions, leading to biases in social understanding. Yet emotional egocentric biases in specific relationships such as parent-child dyads, where not only understanding but also emotional and bodily regulation is key, remain relatively unexplored. To investigate these biases and control for sensory priors, we first conducted two experiments in dyads of adult strangers (totalN = 75) using a bodily Emotional Egocentricity Task that enables simultaneous affective tactile stimulation within a dyad. We showed its effectiveness in eliciting both classical and sensory-controlled egocentric biases. We then recruited 68 mother-child dyads and found that mothers exhibit higher classical and sensory-controlled emotional egocentric biases towards their own child compared to an unfamiliar child. Results suggest that mothers tend to rely on their bodily feelings more when judging the states of their own child than those of other children, possibly consistent with their regulatory parental role.
A Sensitive Azeotropic Solvent Screening Head Space Gas Chromatographic Method for Teriflunomide Drug Substance
Authors: Koppisetty Bhagavan Rajesh Babu , Yejella Rajendra Prasad , Pawar A. Krishna Manjari , Yarraguntla Srinivasa Rao , Dadi Vasudha , Naidua Challa Gangu
Published: December 2023

The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) has classified methanol and toluene as class-2 solvents, whose use must be limited as they may cause irreversible toxicity. A simple validated Head Space Gas Chromatographic (HSGC) method using flame ionization detector was developed for determination of azeotropic residual solvent; methanol and toluene in teriflunomide drug substance. The column DB-624 with specifications (30m X 0.53mm X 3.0 μm) was used. The flow rate of nitrogen carrier gas was 2.0 mL/min with analysis run time of 26 minutes. The HSGC conditions were optimized for determination of residual screening for methanol and toluene in the drug substance. The linearity were assessed for methanol and toluene mixture from 0.65–180 μg/mL and 0.24 –54 μg/mL respectively. The limit of detection for methanol and toluene were 5.5 ppm and 2.0 ppm and limit of quantification for methanol and toluene were 16.3 ppm and 6.0 ppm respectively. The solution stability study indicated that there was no significant variation in the ppm levels of specified solvents up to 48 hours at room temperature. The ICH has limited the concentrations of class-2 solvents; methanol and toluene in pharmaceutical drug substances as 3000 ppm and 890 ppm respectively. Limit of Quantification’s for methanol and toluene in this study were satisfactory for the detection of ICH concentration limits in teriflunomide drug substance.
Local tensile strain boosts the electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction
Authors: Jin Yongzhen , Liu Yang , Wu Ruyan , Wang Jianhui
Published: December 2023

Local tensile strain induces a 100 mV drop of the Ni(OH)2-to-NiOOH transfer potential, remarkably enhancing the electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction.
Organocatalytic regio- and enantioselective C1-arylation of β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters with pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Song Xiaoxiao , Ni Qijian
Published: December 2023

CPA-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective arylation of β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters with pyrroloisoquinolines has been developed, affording axially chiral tetrasubstituted allenoates.
MTBE exposure may increase the risk of insulin resistance in male gas station workers
Authors: Guo Mingxiao , Li Mengdi , Cui Fengtao , Ding Xinping , Gao Wei , Fang Xingqiang , Chen Li , Wang Hanyun , Niu Piye , Ma Junxiang
Published: December 2023

MTBE exposure might be a new environmental pathogenic factor leading to insulin resistance, and MTBE exposure might increase the risk of insulin resistance by independently elevating the TyG index in male gas station workers.
Artificial neural networks to investigate the bioavailability of selenium nanoparticles in soil–crop systems
Authors: Li Jing , Yue Le , Chen Feiran , Cao Xuesong , Cheng Bingxu , Wang Chuanxi , Wang Zhenyu , Xing Baoshan
Published: December 2023

The processes of Se NPs affecting the yield and quality were distinct, with TOC being more important for rice yield and Ec being more significant for quality.
Light-induced degradation of organic pollutants under high salinity conditions using titanium dioxide/ferrocene polymer nanocomposites as photocatalyst and H2O2 activator simultaneously
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Wang Yan , Peng Bin , Wen Shaobin , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2023

A schematic graph illustrating the reaction. TiO2 nanocomposites were immobilized with a ferrocene-containing polymer as the heterogeneous catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation and photo-Fenton-like reactions simultaneously to treat wastewater.
From static to semi-dynamic in vitro digestion conditions relevant for the older population: starch and protein digestion of cooked lentils
Authors: Duijsens Dorine , Verkempinck Sarah H. E. , Somers Emma , Hendrickx Marc E. G. , Grauwet Tara
Published: December 2023

Towards semi-dynamic in vitro digestion of lentils: healthy adult versus older adult models.
Innovative solvent-free compound-direct synthesis of defect-rich ultra-thin NiS nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Wutao , Guo Zijie , Qin Xuyan , Mi Liwei
Published: December 2023

Novel GLNS-NiS nanosheets with excellent electrochemical performance were facilely synthesized by an innovative solvent-free compound-direct reaction strategy.
Defect and interface/surface engineering synergistically modulated electron transfer and nonlinear absorption properties in MoX2 (X = Se, S, Te)@ZnO heterojunction
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Hong-Yu , Cao Hong-Xu , Zheng Xin-Yu , Yin Shi Bing- , Yin Hai-Tao
Published: December 2023

Systematic interface and defect engineering strategies have been demonstrated to be an effective way to modulate the electron transfer and nonlinear absorption properties in semiconductor heterojunctions.
Organic iontronic memristors for artificial synapses and bionic neuromorphic computing
Authors: Xia Yang , Zhang Cheng , Xu Zheng , Lu Shuanglong , Cheng Xinli , Wei Shice , Yuan Junwei , Sun Yanqiu , Li Yang
Published: December 2023

Organic iontronic memristors are promising for high-density data storage, artificial synapses, and neuromorphic computing. This review provides a comprehensive summary of their concept, classification, preparation, mechanism, and application.
Heterogeneously catalyzed decarbonylation of thioesters by supported Ni, Pd, or Rh nanoparticle catalysts
Authors: Matsuyama Takehiro , Yatabe Takafumi , Yamaguchi Kazuya
Published: December 2023

Heterogeneously catalyzed decarbonylation of various aryl thioesters by utilizing supported Ni, Pd, or Rh nanoparticles was successfully developed.
Tailoring molecular weight distribution via polymer degradability
Authors: Kim Yeonsu , Kim Cheoljae
Published: December 2023

An alternative approach for controlling the polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD) was developed based on the degradation of precisely synthesized degradable long-chain polymers.
Isolation and characterization of an annelated N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized Breslow enolate
Authors: Li Xin , Ren Yan-Yan , Chen Can , Sun Li-Ying , Han Ying-Feng
Published: December 2023

The highly reactive intermediate (Breslow enolate) of NHC-catalyzed radical reactions has been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction for the first time.
Synchronous and basic asynchronous hydrogen-atom abstraction of benzylic substrates by high-valent iron–oxo porphyrin species
Authors: Chen Xiahe , Yang Yun-Fang , She Yuanbin
Published: December 2023

The unsubstituted iron–oxo porphyrin reacts with unsubstituted benzylic C–H bond substrates via a synchronous HAT mechanism. In contrast, when an electron-rich iron–oxo porphyrin reacts with electron-poor substrates, it follows a basic asynchronous HAT mechanism.
Ligand-controlled regioselective cascade C–C/C–F cleavage/annulation of gem-DFCPs: a divergent synthesis of pyrroles
Authors: Wu Tian-Shu , Hao Yong-Jiu , Cai Zhong-Jian , Ji Shun-Jun
Published: December 2023

This work describes a ligand-controlled regioselective ring-opening/defluorinative annulation of gem-DFCPs with enaminones, which provides an alternative strategy for the divergent synthesis of pyrroles.
Symmetry breaking charge transfer leading to charge separation in a far-red absorbing bisstyryl-BODIPY dimer
Authors: Yahagh Aida , Kaswan Ram R. , Kazemi Shahrzad , Karr Paul A. , D'Souza Francis
Published: December 2023

Symmetry breaking charge transfer followed by charge separation with appreciable lifetimes has been demonstrated in a newly synthesized bisstyrylBODIPY dimer in polar solvents using pump-probe and other techniques.
The role of nitrogen sources and hydrogen adsorption on the dynamic stability of Fe–N–C catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Huang Zhou , Li Fuhua , Liu Yongduo , Chen Siguo , Wei Zidong , Tang Qing
Published: December 2023

Combining dynamic solvation model with experiment, we found a protonation mechanism in acid ORR, causing Fe leaching in Fe–N–C. N-Protonation and oxygen intermediate adsorption at Fe convert FeN4 to ferric oxide, a previously unknown key process.
Differential transmetallation of complexes of the anti-cancer thiosemicarbazone, Dp4e4mT: effects on anti-proliferative efficacy, redox activity, oxy-myoglobin and oxy-hemoglobin oxidation
Authors: Dharmasivam Mahendiran , Kaya Busra , Wijesinghe Tharushi P. , Richardson Vera , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Gonzalvez Miguel A. , Lewis William , Azad Mahan Gholam , Bernhardt Paul V. , Richardson Des R.
Published: December 2023

The differential transmetallation of Dp4e4mT complexes provides valuable insights into their biological mechanism of action, off-target effects, and their potential therapeutic applications.
3D porous cementitious electrolytes with “stream-reservoir” ionic channels for high multifunctional performance structural supercapacitors
Authors: Shi Muyang , Zhang Dong
Published: December 2023

Structural supercapacitors (SSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to load bearing/energy storage in zero energy buildings (ZEBs).
A sustainable and self-healable silk fibroin nanocomposite with antibacterial and drug eluting properties for 3D printed wound dressings
Authors: Sheybanikashani Sana , Zandi Nooshin , Hosseini Danial , Lotfi Roya , Simchi Abdolreza
Published: December 2023

An injectable and printable nanocomposite hydrogel with multiple functionalities is reported, providing a platform for bioengineering of nature-derived materials for advanced wound care.
Unusual red luminescence and super thermal stability of a new narrow-band emission phosphor for backlight display application
Authors: Zong Qiu , Zhao Dan , Zhang Rui-Juan , Yao Qing-Xia , Jia Lei , Yu Meng-Han
Published: December 2023

This work reports the design and successful synthesis of an Eu2+-doped narrow-band red-emitting borate phosphor, and proposes a defect engineering approach for enhancing the thermal quenching resistance of a phosphor.
Eligibility Determinations for Speech and Language Services in U.S. Public Schools: Experiences and Tensions
Authors: Ireland Marie C. , McLeod Sharynne Lindy , Verdon Sarah
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine school speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) experiences regarding students' eligibility for services in public schools within the United States.

Method:

Fifteen school SLPs participated in online focus groups to examine the complex nature of SLPs' participation within decision-making teams and describe practice experiences in U.S. schools. SLPs worked in one to 10+ schools serving students from pre-K through 12th grade. Data were analyzed using Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT; Engeström, 2015).

Results:

School SLPs' practice is impacted by rules, community, and division of labor in schools. Participants discussed the following: culture of the work setting, interaction between team members, desire to assist families and children, knowledge of regulations, evaluation practices, and the impact of poverty, and cultural and linguistic differences. Nine major tensions were identified: need for greater SLP empowerment and advocacy, documentation of educational impact, complexities of students learning English as an additional language, concerns about evaluation data for decision making, SLPs' concerns regarding outcomes of eligibility decision making, overuse of speech-language impairment for students who do not qualify, parents' involvement in decision making, disagreement between team members, and administrations' adherence to rules.

Conclusions:

Within the schools, the CHAT framework was useful to identify tensions and opportunities for change at the individual and institutional levels, impacting team decision making for eligibility, SLPs' provision of services, and student outcomes. Acknowledgment of tensions and opportunities for change regarding students' eligibility for services may guide public policy; preservice training; and individual, local, and national advocacy.
Simplified setup for Brillouin scattering observation using variable reflectivity mirror and its polarisation characteristics
Authors: Sasage Haruki , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke , Lee Heeyoung
Published: December 2023

The authors present a streamlined setup for Brillouin scattering observation, which negates the need for an independent reference path by incorporating a variable reflectivity mirror at the terminus of the sensing fibre. The authors’ study uncovers an optimal reflectivity point, specifically at −9 dB, where the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the observed Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) reaches its zenith, approximately doubling the SNR of a conventional simplified setup that utilises Fresnel reflection. Furthermore, the authors elucidate that this setup inherently mitigates the polarisation‐dependent fluctuations of the BGS.
Performance analysis and design optimization of asymmetric interior permanent magnet synchronous machine for electric vehicles applications
Authors: Muhammad Niaz , Khan Faisal , Ullah Basharat , Alghamdi Baheej
Published: December 2023

A novel asymmetric delta‐type and Spoke‐type interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (ASD‐IPM) is proposed for electric vehicles (EVs) application that uses the magnetic field shifting technique to maximise the average torque and lessen torque ripples. The proposed ASD‐IPM is deduced from the conventional asymmetric spoke and V‐shape IPM by attaching additional asymmetric flux barriers (AFB) to the left side of the spoke‐type PMs and to the other side of the delta‐type PMs. This configuration helps in reducing the leakage flux and achieving good flux concentration. The proposed design is optimised through a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to investigate the electromagnetic performances at no‐load and on‐load conditions. Also, the efficiency maps of both the proposed design and conventional design are analysed and compared. The results show that the proposed ASD‐AIPM has superior efficiency and a favorable torque profile, making it a suitable choice for electric vehicle applications. Furthermore, the proposed design is rescaled to the Toyota Prius 2010 design, with the only change in the slot/pole pair combination due to the presence of spoke‐PMs in the proposed design. The proposed ASD‐IPM achieves 7% higher torque than the existing Toyota Prius 2010 model. The efficiency maps of the rescaled design are also analysed and compared.
Metaverse‐based decentralised autonomous organisation in energy systems
Authors: Zhao Huan , Zhao Junhua , Liu Wenxuan , Yan Yong , Huang Jianwei , Wen Fushuan
Published: December 2023

Developing renewable energy generation‐rich power systems could contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. To ensure the secure and economic operation of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy, it is necessary to solve the problem of inefficient utilisation of demand‐side resources by the current electricity market mechanism. The metaverse, an emerging technology attracting widespread attention, is expected to efficiently solve this problem. The metaverse can be regarded as a virtual‐real interactive economic system built on advanced technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, extended reality, avatars, and decentralised autonomous organisations (DAO). This paper first briefly introduces the concept, architecture, technologies, and features of the metaverse. Then, a metaverse‐based DAO for energy systems is proposed and the corresponding business model is explored. The Energy DAO utilises algorithms and user consensus combined with smart contracts to solidify organisational operation rules. In this way, it organises users to directly participate in multiple types of electricity markets and carbon markets, as well as behavioural data production and transactions. Finally, an Energy DAO example for demand‐side sources demonstrates how the Energy DAO could solve the problems of information asymmetry, information opacity, and incentive incompatibility in electricity market mechanisms.
DGW‐YOLOv8: A small insulator target detection algorithm based on deformable attention backbone and WIoU loss function
Authors: Hu Deao , Yu Mei , Wu Xianyong , Hu Jingbo , Sheng Yuyang , Jiang Yanjing , Huang Chongjing , Zheng Yuelin
Published: December 2023

The YOLO series of algorithms have made substantial contributions to the detection of insulator defects in power transmission line operations. However, existing target detection algorithms for the small target detection and low‐quality insulator images encounter difficulties in effectively capturing relevant features, resulting in a higher probability of target loss. To identify and classify defects in the operational state of insulators, an improved YOLOv8 target identification algorithm called DGW‐YOLOv8 is proposed in this paper. The deformable attention backbone of the DGW‐YOLOv8 target identification algorithm is designed by adding the deformable ConvNets v2 module and the global attention mechanism. This addition reduces the feature loss caused by the network feature processing, enhances the sensitivity of the algorithm to small‐scale targets, and reduces the impact caused by the different global positions of the targets. Additionally, to address the problem of low quality of captured images, WIoU v3 is used to replace CIoU in the original YOLOv8 target identification algorithm to optimize the loss function, reduce the degrees of freedom, and improve the network robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced YOLOv8 algorithm can achieve an improvement of 2.4% and 5.5% in mAP and mAP50‐95, respectively, compared with the original algorithm.
An ultra‐high voltage gain interleaved converter based on three‐winding coupled inductor with reduced input current ripple for renewable energy applications
Authors: Hashemzadeh Seyed Majid , Al‐Hitmi Mohammed A. , Aghaei Hadi , Marzang Vafa , Iqbal Atif , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Islam Shirazul
Published: December 2023

This article proposes an interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter topology designed for renewable energy applications, featuring an ultra‐high voltage conversion ratio. The converter employs an interleaved structure, resulting in a low peak‐to‐peak ripple in the input source current, which is particularly advantageous for solar PV sources. To enhance the output voltage, the topology utilizes voltage multiplier cells (VMC) and coupled inductor techniques. Two coupled inductors with three windings are integrated into the proposed topology, with the secondary and tertiary windings combined with VMC. This combination effectively reduces the maximum voltage stress across power switches, enabling the use of low‐rated and cost‐effective power switches for implementation. The article offers comprehensive operation modes and steady‐state analyses to demonstrate the converter's performance. A comparison is made between the suggested structure and other similar converter topologies. To validate the mathematical analysis, a 200‐W prototype is constructed, operating at a frequency of 25 kHz and achieving a voltage conversion range of 20 to 409 V. The experimental results are presented to support the findings.
Metal crack size recognizing used circular patch antenna
Authors: Andre Hanalde , Putra Trila Seyepa Teguh , Luthfi Amirul , Aidil Fitrah Ridho , Zaky Toha , Azri Ramlee Rizda
Published: December 2023

Metal crack size recognition based on a circular patch antenna is presented in this article. The material under investigation is positioned onto the microstrip antenna's ground plane. Subsequently, antenna parameters such as return loss, VSWR, and resonance frequency shift are analyzed to ascertain their correlation with the length of cracks occurring within the metal. This study seeks to establish relationships between these antenna parameters and crack length, ultimately aiming to develop a crack detection methodology using the microstrip antenna. The testing results have revealed a significant correlation between the microstrip antenna parameters and the length of cracks within the metal material. Notably, the VSWR parameter of the antenna exhibits a correlation coefficient of 0.9881, while the resonance frequency shift displays a correlation coefficient of 0.9891.
Comparison of scenario seismic hazard and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with Single Source, Lembang Fault, Indonesia: a preliminary study
Authors: Jaya Syahbana Arifan , Ridwan Mohamad , Soehaimi Asdani , Suharsono  , Widi Santoso Eko , Zalbuin Mase Lindung
Published: December 2023

Seismicity analysis can be carried out using deterministic and probabilistic methods. One approach that can be done with the help of OpenQuake is the Scenario Seismic Hazard Analysis (SSHA) and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) methods. The question arises regarding the equivalence between the two methods in producing earthquake acceleration values. In this study, it was tested using a single earthquake source, namely the Lembang Fault. The observed area is in the Bandung Basin area, bounded by mountains on the north and south sides. The method compares the acceleration values (PGA/Peak Ground Acceleration) between PSHA return periods of 500, 1000, 2500, 5000 and 10000 years with SSHA. The results obtained are a value agreement between PSHA with a return period of 5000 years and SSHA. The resulting acceleration (PGA) near the Lembang Fault is 0.5-0.6g.
Potential defects & failures in building industry
Authors: Suraji Akhmad , Hidayat Benny , Zaki Afdaluz
Published: December 2023

Padang is one of red zone area of earthquake disaster. Quality of building is of important aspect towards disaster resistant. This paper is to report findings of the survey on potential defects and failure modes in building industry in Padang City. The survey was conducted in 3 building projects. The research has uncovered technical defects and potential failures leading to vulnerability of structural deficiencies of buildings. Findings show that inappropriate procedures, defective selected materials and concrete structures of beam, column and foundation, defective design of electrical circuits are among those potential defects undermining the quality of buildings. These quality defects may lead to vulnerability of buildings under earthquake disasters.
No failure no accident in man-made disasters in construction
Authors: Suraji Akhmad , Dewi Arman Utami
Published: December 2023

Construction is an industry that carries the risk of causing human death, and the destruction of assets and the environment. Several cases such as girder collapse, crane overturning, formwork collapse, and material landslides have occurred recently in large-scale infrastructure projects in Indonesia. Currently, construction accident theory describes active and latent failures in management, and human as well as technical issues. The purpose of this paper is to propose the theory of no failure no accident in any man-made disaster. A further review of literature studies is used to outline current research findings on management, technical, and human failures leading to catastrophic events. Evidence-based reasoning from 5 cases of catastrophic events in construction is described to reveal failure modes that lead to incidents and accidents. In this paper, firstly the failure modes and their effects are described based on the literature review, and secondly, empirical evidence of failure modes is presented using selected disaster cases recorded by the Construction Safety Committee, Ministry of Public Works, and Public Housing. Finally, this paper concludes that failure modes represent the quality of systems, services, procedures, goods, and personnel that is defective to contribute to a catastrophic event that causes damage to people, the public, property, and the environment.
Lightweight geo-bead fill to prevent soft ground deposit failure
Authors: Zaika Yulvi , Charisma Nuril , Leta Milleila Nursanti Luh
Published: December 2023

As a foundation for transportation infrastructure, soft ground has limited bearing capacity and high compression. To prevent embankment failure, lightweight material is suggested. In the construction of road embankments, EPS can be regarded as an environmentally sustainable lightweight fill material. The study's goal is to create a formula for GB (Geo-bead) concrete mixing as a lightweight fill ingredient. Several tests are performed on the material specimens, including bulk density, interface shear strength, unconfined compression, and a SEM of the composite material. The tests were designed to determine the physical and mechanical qualities using GB percentages (20%, 30%, and 40%). Composite material has a lower density than compacted sand. The friction angle falls between the adhesion of GB-GB and GB-cemented sand. A ductile failure pattern develops because the bond between cement paste and GB is less than that between cement sand. The composite material's CBR passed embankment specifications. In the case of an embankment on soft soil, the 2D FEM analysis expressed settlement by compacted sand and lightweight fill material. Lightweight geo bead backfill decreases soft soil settlement, preventing failure.
Implementation of kaiser permanente hazard vulnerability analysis at indonesian emergency medical team field hospital
Authors: Tri Anantyo Dimas , Ayu Laksmi Zsa-Zsa , Taufiq Kadafi Kurniawan , Dwi Saputro Dimas , Leman Martinus M. , Aslinar  , Buana Nasution Badai , Wahyu Puspaningtyas Niken , Zuandy Pohan Fathy , Arie Purwana I. Nyoman , Reza Muhammad , Ariheryanto Effendy Jaya , Prawira Yogi , Basarah Yanuarso Piprim
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the level of vulnerability of The Indonesian Emergency Medical Team Field Hospital to disasters. Methods: This study used Kaiser Permanente Hazard Vulnerability Analysis to analyze the vulnerability of Indonesian Emergency Medical Team Field Hospital services to disasters or hazards. The questionnaire was filled out by researchers who participated in the activities of the Indonesian Emergency Medical Team Field Hospital. Results: Based on the analysis conducted, there are five events with the most significant risk in the form of earthquakes (83%), extreme temperatures (67%), epidemics (67%), power failure (67%), and generator failure (67%). In addition, there were also 12 events with the lowest risk of 11%. Discussion: This vulnerability analysis can realistically describe the vulnerability of the Indonesian Emergency Medical Team Field Hospital to disasters.
Analysis of the behaviour of the floating pipe pile foundation on soft soil
Authors: Srihandayani Susy , Mera Mas
Published: December 2023

Planning the foundation according to the characteristics of the soil is the most important thing before starting construction. In recent studies, the use of PVC pipe pile foundations has been introduced. These foundations, called floating foundations, offer a lighter and more economical solution for simple buildings on soft soils. The study involved variations in pipe diameters of consistent lengths. In laboratoryscale axial loading tests, the behaviour of pipe stacks against load drop is observed. The bearing capacity of pipe piles is evaluated through a static loading test, with one end of the pipe pile hermetically sealed and aspirated in an alternating pile in a glass box filled with soft soil with a content of 98%. The results of this test are then analyzed with the Chin Method Interpretation to determine the carrying capacity and behaviour of pipe piles against soft soil, The results of the analysis show that the diameter of the pipe piles has a significant effect on the bearing capacity of the foundation. Although the results are promising, further research is still needed, especially in the development of foundation construction suitable for multi-storey buildings in areas with soft soil or peat
Numerical study of perforated steel plate shear walls in staggered pattern
Authors: Nidiasari  , Haris Sabril , Thamrin Rendy , Hasudungan Ronny , Farras Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Steel plate shear walls (SPSW) consist of steel plates that are directly connected to columns and beams. The steel plate used as the filler is a thin and slender. One option to reduce the steel plate capacity is to provide perforations in the web plate. In this study, the parameters analysed were the influence of the perforation area on the arrangement of the staggered hole patterns on the steel plate panel. This study uses a numerical method. The result of the research is an analysis that explains the relationship between the percentage of perforation area on the load capacity and the stiffness degradation of the steel plate shear walls. The steel plate model is given a circular perforation with a diameter of 50 mm. The specimens were analysed at different number of perforations with a plate thickness of 1 and 2 mm. The results showed that every enhancement number of perforations, the load capacity and elastic stiffness will decrease. Changing the plate thickness from 2 mm to 1 mm, the load capacity also decreases. The initial stress distribution occurs on the diagonal side of the shear wall plate and then spreads to all parts of the shear wall plate.
Microtremor array observation in Southern Part of the Bandung basin: deep 1d s-wave velocity structure
Authors: Ridwan Mohamad , Santoso Eko Widi , Soehaimi Asdani , Suharsono
Published: December 2023

Site amplification factor become crucial in seismic hazard microzonation, which depends on local geological condition, therefore identification of bedrock depth is very important related to sediment thickness. One of the Geophysical method that can be applied for subsurface investigation is microtremor array survey method (MAM). This method doesn’t require seismic source, so it is very possible to be applied in the urban area. Bandung basin is a research project for seismic hazard and risk study, where most of this area covered by high population and settlements that becomes the obstacle in this field survey. Geologically, Bandung basin consists of volcanic rock and floodplain, and we can find outcrop of Tertiary rock in some parts the basin. Seismicity in Bandung basin is very active because there are many seismic sources around it, such as shallow crustal and megathrust segment in the southern part. The microtremor array survey was conducted in Southern basin at 3 sites observation represent shallow and deep bedrock depth by using triangular array in shape. The result shows the bedrock depth in BB12 is 139 m, BB13 is 211 m and BB14 is 192 m. This condition represents the feature of bedrock position in Southern Bandung basin.
Heteroatomic dopants derived from coal fly-ash for the synthesis of nickel-rich Li-ion battery cathode material
Authors: Poppy Amelia Fransisca , Sumarti Ragil , Dwi Rahmawati Aleida , Satria Yudha Cornelius
Published: December 2023

Fly ashes often become an environmental problem and are difficult to process. Utilizing coal fly ash as a product is a promising approach to overcoming it. In response to this problem, the metal content in fly ash waste in the form of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 can be utilized by applying them as dopants on the nickel-rich cathode material to achieve LiNixCoyAlzFe(1-x-y-z)O2 (NCAF) which is a modified form of nickel-based cathode material or NCA. In this study, NCAF material was made in 3 stages: (i) Recovery of valuable metals Al and Fe from fly ash by leaching and precipitation processes to obtain Aluminum-iron (AF) precursor; (ii) Nickel-cobalt (NC) containing precursors were prepared by mixing nickel and cobalt salts using the coprecipitation method. This NC precursor and AF were mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10; (iii) Lithiation through heat treatments under an O2 atmosphere to form NCAF cathode material. The results of the NCAF material characterization are: (i) The XRD test showed the same diffraction pattern as the JCPDS 87-1562 reference; (ii) FTIR test of NCAF material showed that the storage condition affects the surface of NCAF powder; (iii) SEM-EDX test showed that the NCAF material has an agglomerated morphology and crystal-shape with a primary particle size of around 140 nm; (iv) Electrochemical test of Li-ion battery with NCAF cathode using graphite as anode showed charge and discharge capacity of 172 mAh/g and 144 mAh/g, respectively. Based on the results, implementing Al and Fe from fly ash as materials for Li-ion batteries should be considered for future energy storage technology developments.
Modelling the flexural properties of filled epoxy: Effects of volume fraction
Authors: Sugiman Sugiman , Salman Salman , Dwi Catur Agus , Panca Asmara Yuli
Published: December 2023

The effects of volume fraction on the flexural characteristics of epoxy materials filled with cement, fly ash, and CaCO3 are discussed in this work. At a temperature of 50oC, water was used to soak the filled epoxies. It was discovered that the flexural modulus rose with the volume fraction for all fillers. However, the flexural strength of fly ash and CaCO3-filled epoxies tended to decrease with the increase in volume percent. The flexural strength of cement-filled epoxy somewhat improved with the increment volume fraction. According to those data, cement has a stronger interface than fly ash and CaCO3. In comparison to those in the dry condition, the flexural modulus and strength of all the epoxy systems dramatically decrease for the aged specimen. Epoxy that has been filled appears to lessen the reduction in flexural properties compared to that of neat epoxy. Again, the cement-filled epoxy performs better than fly ash and CaCO3. Halpin-Tsai and Pukánszky models have been successfully applied to model the flexural modulus and strength in the dry condition, respectively, but both models failed to predict those mechanical properties in wet condition.