bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAKALAH MEKANISME PASAR ISLAMI
Authors: Marhuni Andi , rajab nabila , Rifaldi Muh
Published: December 2021

Pasar adalah tempat bertemunya antara penjual dan pembeli dan melakukantransaksi barang atau jasa. Pasar merupakan sebuah mekanisme pertukaran barang dan jasa yang alamiah dan telah berlangsung sejak awal peradaban manusia. Dalam Islam pasar sangatlah penting dalam perekonomian. Pasar telah terjadi pada masa Rasulullah dan Khulafaur Rasyidin dan menjadi sunatullah yang telah di jalani selama berabad-abad(P3EI, 2011).Islam adalah agama yang sempurna. Hal ini dikarenakan didalamnya dibahas nilai-nilai, etika, dan pedoman hidup secara komperhensif. Islam pula merupakan agama penyempurna agama-agama terdahulu dan mengatur seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia baik persoalan aqidah maupun muamalah. Dalam hal muamalah, Islam mengatur kaitannya dengan relasi manusia dengan sesama dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sehari-hari termasuk didalamnya dituntun bagaimana cara pengelolaan pasar dan segala bentuk mekanismenya.Peranan ekonomi Islam dalam mekanisme pasar menyumbangkan andil yang amat penting di tengah carut-marut kondisi perekonomian bangsa Indonesia. Praktek pasar sejatinya harus ditampilkan nilai-nilai yang sesuai dengan norma dan nilai yangdibenarkan. Dua paham ekonomi yang selama ini menjadi acuan dan barometer dunia,yaitu ekonomi kapitalis dan ekonomi sosialis ternyata tidak dapat mengatur mekanisme kegiatan pasar saat ini yang serba tidak menentu dan tidak jelas, malah semakin memperparah keadaan (Wiharto, 2008).
Homo medicus: The transition to meat eating, increased pathogen pressure, and the constitutive and inducible use of pharmacological plants in Homo
Authors: Hagen Edward H , Blackwell Aaron D , Lightner Aaron , Sullivan Roger
Published: December 2021

The human lineage entered a more carnivorous niche 2.6 mya. A range of evidence indicates this increased zoonotic pathogen pressure. This evidence includes increased zoonotic infections modern hunter-gatherers and bushmeat hunters relative to others living in the same environments, exceptionally low stomach pH compared to other primates, human-specific downregulation in ANTXR2 that would have protected against increased exposure to zoonotic anthrax, exceptional human immune responses to LPS compared to other primates, and other divergent immune genes. These all point to change, and likely intensification, in the disease environment of Homo compared to earlier hominins and other apes. At the same time, the brain, an organ in which inflammatory immune responses are highly constrained, begins to increase, eventually tripling in size. We propose that the combination of increased zoonotic pathogen pressure and the challenges of defending a large brain and body from pathogens across what would eventually become the longest lifespan of any mammal, selected for intensification of the self-medication strategies already in place in apes and other primates, resulting in a variety of plant-based pathogen defenses. In support, there is evidence of medicinal plant use by hominins in the middle Paleolithic, and all cultures today have sophisticated, plant-based medical systems, incorporate plant components high in secondary compounds (spices) into food, and regularly consume psychoactive substances that are harmful to helminths and other pathogens in the CNS and other tissues. The computational challenges of discovering effective plant-based treatments, and the economic challenges of benefiting from costly-to- acquire medical knowledge that would be more often useful to others than oneself, were selection pressures for increased cognitive abilities and unique exchange relationships in Homo. In the story of human evolution, which has long featured hunters, shamans and healers had an equal role to play.
Zašto neki političari, novinari i zdravstveni djelatnici zagovaraju cijepljenje djece protiv covid-19?
Authors: Gabrić Petar
Published: December 2021

U hrvatskim je medijima sve više govora o cijepljenju djece protiv covid-19, unatoč maloj ulozi djece u prijenosu novog koronavirusa i njihovom malom riziku od teških simptoma, postojanju drugih oblika prevencije, činjenici da klinička ispitivanja nisu dovršena, raznih problema u provedenim ispitivanjima i rastućoj zabrinutosti oko sigurnosti cjepiva i mogućih štetnih učinaka. Cilj je ovog kratkog pregleda odabrane znanstvene literature potaknuti kvalitetnu javnu raspravu prije donošenja potencijalno ishitrenih odluka.
PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENGORGANISASIAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Jannah Resqy Rhaudatul
Published: December 2021

Pengorganisasian masyarakat adalah pengembangan yang mengutamakan pembangunan kesadaran kritis dan penggalian potensi pengetahuan lokal masyarakat. Pengorganisasian masyarakat mengutamakan pengembangan masyarakat berdasarkan dialog atau musyawarah yang demokratis. Sedangkan Pengembangan masyarakat adalah pengembangan yang lebih mengutamakan sifat fisik masyarakat. Pengembangan masyarakat mengutamakan pembangunan dan perbaikan atau pembuatan sarana-sarana sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Seperti pelatihan mengenai gizi, penyuluhan KB, bantuan hibah, bantuan sekolah dan sebagainya.
Wawasan Nusantara
Authors: Angelina Indah Aprilia
Published: December 2021

Dalam mewujudkan tujuan nasional banyak mengalami kendala, baik dalam tataran konsep maupun implementasinya. Pada tataran konsep tidak adanya kata sepakat antara perkataan dan perbuatan di antara para elit politik. Konsep Wawasan Nusantara memberikan solusi untuk menyamakan pandangan yang sama sehingga dapat mewujudkan Integrasi nasional seperti yang diharapkan bangsa Indosnesia dan integrasi nasional dapat mewujudkan kesejahteraan
PENTINGNYA KONSEP DASAR MATEMATIKA PADA KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI DALAM MASYARAKAT
Authors: NurdiniAtiqah
Published: December 2021

Matematika terbentuk dari hasil pemikiran manusia yg berhubungan dengan ide, proses, dan penalaran.
Causes of the Arctic's Lower-Tropospheric Warming Structure
Authors: Kaufman Zachary , Feldl Nicole
Published: December 2021

Arctic amplification has been attributed predominantly to a positive lapse rate feedback in winter, when boundary-layer temperature inversions focus warming near the surface. Predicting high-latitude climate change effectively thus requires identifying the local and remote physical processes that set the Arctic’s vertical warming structure. In this study, we analyze output from the CESM Large Ensemble's 21st century climate change projection to diagnose the relative influence of two Arctic heating sources, local sea-ice loss and remote changes in atmospheric heat transport. Causal effects are quantified with a statistical inference method, allowing us to assess the energetic pathways mediating the Arctic temperature response and the role of internal variability across the ensemble. We find that a step-increase in latent heat flux convergence causes Arctic lower-tropospheric warming in all seasons, while additionally reducing net longwave cooling at the surface. However, these effects only lead to small and short-lived changes in boundary layer inversion strength. By contrast, a step-decrease in sea-ice extent in the melt season causes, in fall and winter, surface-amplified warming and weakened boundary-layer temperature inversions. Sea-ice loss also enhances surface turbulent heat fluxes and cloud-driven condensational heating, which mediate the atmospheric temperature response. While the aggregate effect of many moist transport events and seasons of sea-ice loss will be different than the response to hypothetical perturbations, our results nonetheless highlight the mechanisms that alter the Arctic temperature inversion in response to CO2 forcing. As sea ice declines, the atmosphere’s boundary-layer temperature structure is weakened, static stability decreases, and a thermodynamic coupling emerges between the Arctic surface and the overlying troposphere.
Mineralogy and diagenesis of Mars-analog paleosols from eastern Oregon, USA
Authors: Broz Adrian , Clark Joanna , Sutter Brad , Ming Doug , Tu Valerie , Horgan Briony , Silva Lucas
Published: December 2021

Ancient (4.1-3.7-billion-year-old) layered sedimentary rocks on Mars are rich in clay minerals which formed from aqueous alteration of the Martian surface. Many of these sedimentary rocks appear to be composed of vertical sequences of Fe/Mg clay minerals overlain by Al clay minerals that resemble paleosols (ancient, buried soils) from Earth. The types and properties of minerals in paleosols can be used to constrain the environmental conditions during formation to better understand weathering and diagenesis on Mars. This work examines the mineralogy and diagenetic alteration of volcaniclastic paleosols from the Eocene-Oligocene (43-28 Ma) Clarno and John Day Formations in eastern Oregon as a Mars-analog site. Here, paleosols rich in Al phyllosilicates and amorphous colloids overlie paleosols with Fe/Mg smectites that altogether span a sequence of ~500 individual profiles across hundreds of meters of vertical stratigraphy. Samples collected from three of these paleosol profiles were analyzed with visible/near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and evolved gas analysis (EGA) configured to operate like the SAM-EGA instrument onboard Curiosity Mars Rover. Strongly crystalline Al/Fe dioctahedral phyllosilicates (montmorillonite and nontronite) were the major phases identified in all samples with all methods. Minor phases included the zeolite mineral clinoptilolite, as well as andesine, cristobalite, opal-CT and gypsum. Evolved H2O was detected in all samples and was consistent with adsorbed water and the dehydroxylation of a dioctahedral phyllosilicate, and differences in H2O evolutions between montmorillonite and nontronite were readily observable. Detections of hematite and zeolites suggested paleosols were affected by burial reddening and zeolitization, but absence of illite and chlorite suggest that potash metasomatism and other, more severe diagenetic alterations had not occurred. The high clay mineral content of the observed paleosols (up to 95 wt. %) may have minimized diagenetic alteration over geological time scales. Martian paleosols rich in Al and Fe smectites may have also resisted severe diagenetic alteration, which is favorable for future in-situ examination. Results from this work can help distinguish paleosols and weathering profiles from other types of sedimentary rocks in the geological record of Mars.
The Impact of an Online Mindfulness Program on Self-Compassion, Prosocial Behavior, and Trait Mindfulness
Authors: Bailey Neil , Comte Whitney , Chambers Richard , Bartlett Larissa , Connaughton Sherelle , Hassed Craig
Published: December 2021

Online mindfulness programs have gained traction in recent years due to their increased accessibility and feasibility compared to face-to-face programs. Although much research has demonstrated that face-to-face mindfulness programs can increase trait mindfulness, self-compassion and prosocial attitudes, fewer studies have explored these outcomes in online mindfulness programs. Additionally, the relative importance of formal and informal facets of mindfulness practice (i.e., practicing formal sitting meditation or practicing informally by bringing more awareness to daily activities) has not been extensively examined in either face-to-face or online contexts. This study aimed to test whether participating in a free 4-week online mindfulness program improved trait mindfulness, self-compassion and prosocial behavior, and whether improvements were related to self-reported quality and quantity of mindfulness practice. Using a longitudinal design, a total of 209 matched pre- and post-program survey responses were analysed. Results suggested that participation in the mindfulness program improved participants’ levels of trait mindfulness, self-compassion and prosociality (all p < 0.01). Exploratory analysis indicated the mindfulness program had a significantly greater impact upon prosociality scores for males (p < 0.05). Results also suggested that there was an association between the quality of formal mindfulness practice in the last week of the program and improvements in self-compassion and trait mindfulness (p < 0.01), but this relationship was not present for prosociality, nor for the quality of informal practice or quantity of formal practice. Lastly, exploratory mediation analysis suggested the association between quality of formal practice and self-compassion was mediated by changes in trait mindfulness (p < 0.05). These results suggest participating in an online mindfulness program can lead to improved trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and prosociality. Our results also indicate that practice quality is related to improved trait mindfulness, and that the changes to trait mindfulness mediate improved self-compassion.
Targeted Violence: A Review of the Literature on Radicalization and Mobilization
Authors: McBride Megan K , Carroll Marley , Mellea Jessa L , Savoia Elena
Published: December 2021

This literature review contributes to the work of understanding the differences between targeted violence and domestic terrorism by exploring research on radicalization and mobilization processes within the literature on targeted violence. This review relied on DHS’s 2019 language regarding the definition of targeted violence, and consequently focused on incidents that lacked an ideological motivation and occurred in “communities, schools, places of worship, and other public gatherings.” Though our data collection returned 169 distinct articles seemingly on the radicalization or mobilization of those involved in terrorism and targeted violence, we did not find a robust discussion of processes of radicalization or mobilization of those who commit acts of targeted violence. We did, however, identify five “theories of radicalization” in the targeted violence literature which we review in the article. We then articulate recommendations for research that would improve understanding of how domestic terrorism and targeted violence are related. This work is especially critical because the literatures on these topics are not, at present, in conversation with one another, and bringing them together has the potential to meaningfully advance the understanding of both phenomena.
“Data makes the story come to life.” Understanding the ethical and legal implications of Big Data research involving ethnic minority healthcare workers: a qualitative study
Authors: Dove Edward S. , Reed-Berendt Ruby , Pareek Manish
Published: December 2021

The aim of UK-REACH (“The United Kingdom Research study into Ethnicity And COVID-19 outcomes in Healthcare workers”) is to understand if, how, and why healthcare workers (HCWs) in the UK from ethnic minority groups are at increased risk of poor outcomes from COVID-19. In this article, we present findings from Work Package 3, the ethico-legal stream, which undertook qualitative research seeking to understand and address legal, ethical, and social acceptability issues around data protection, privacy, and information governance associated with the linkage of HCWs’ registration data and healthcare data. We interviewed 22 key opinion leaders in healthcare and health research from across the UK in two-to-one semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were manually coded using qualitative thematic analysis. Participants told us that a significant implication across all stages of Big Data research in public health are drivers of mistrust – of the research itself, research staff and funders, and broader concerns of mistrust within participant communities, particularly in the context of COVID-19 and those situated in more marginalised community settings. However, despite the challenges, participants also identified ways in which legally compliant and ethically informed approaches to research can be crafted to mitigate or overcome mistrust and establish confidence in Big Data public health research. Overall, our research indicates that a “Big Data Ethics by Design” approach can help assure 1) that meaningful engagement is taking place and that extant challenges are addressed, and 2) that any new challenges or hitherto unknown unknowns can be rapidly and properly considered to ensure potential (but material) harms are identified and minimised where necessary. Our findings indicate such an approach, in turn, will help drive better scientific breakthroughs that translate into medical innovations and effective public health interventions, which benefit the publics studied.
ON JEWISH IDENTITY, ISRAELI STATEHOOD, <... > IN A CONVERSATION WITH PROF. OF THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY A. JACOBSON. INTERVIEW. PART 2
Authors:   INION RAN, Galtseva Renata
Published: December 2021

The interview deals with the issues of identity, Israeli statehood. A. Jacobson also touches upon the problems of assessing international politics in Israel, including relations with Russia.
BOOK REVIEW : KUNISCH H.-P. TODTNAUBERG : DIE GESCHICHTE VON PAUL CELAN, MARTIN HEIDEGGER UND IHRER UNMöGLICHEN BEGEGNUNG
Authors:   INION RAN, Pogorelskaya Svetlana
Published: December 2021

Рецензируемая книга в биографическом и в философском контексте рассматривает отношение «Целан - Хайдеггер», с особым упором на встречу поэта и мыслителя в «хижине раздумий» в Тодтнауберге у Хайдеггера. Однако встреча в реальности не означает встречи в духе. Поэтому ожидаемая встреча уважавших и ценивших друг друга философа и поэта так и не состоялась.
NEW FORMS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : REVIEW OF FOREIGN STUDIES
Authors:   INION RAN, Bulavinova Maria
Published: December 2021

In the 21st century, the relationship between science and society takes on a new character. Today, public participation is required not only in the discussion and decision-making concerning important scientific and technical issues, but also in the production of innovations and scientific knowledge. Citizens and the public are seen as important participants in the research process and consumers of new technologies. In this regard, new forms of involving non-specialists in joint research projects are emerging. This is largely facilitated by the rapid development of information and communication technologies, which greatly simplify and expand the interaction of scientists and volunteers. Citizen Science projects cover all areas of science and serve as an important complement to scientific research.
FALSIFIABILITY AS A REGULATIVE PRINCIPLE : THE LIMITS OF APPLICABILITY
Authors:   INION RAN, Sushchin Mikhail
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the limits of applicability of the idea of falsifiability proposed by K. Popper for the evaluation of scientific theories. The article reviews the original formulations of the principle of falsifiability presented in the works of Popper. Further, the main attention is paid to the problem of the holistic nature of experimental testing of scientific theories posed by P. Duhem. It is claimed that the idea of falsifiability can be considered as a methodological regulative principle. However, this principle seems to be less obligatory than the principle of non-contradiction, the excessive disregard of which will mean the collapse of any research.
EVALUATION OF CITATION TRENDS BY ANALYSING PAPERS OF AN ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL SCIENTOMETRICS
Authors:   INION RAN, Egerev Sergei
Published: December 2021

The citation indicators of the research papers, published in a random issue of the journal Scientometrics , are analyzed. These papers, published at the same date, can be correctly ranked according to the citations accumulated by May 1, 2021. A significant variation in the citation of the papers was found. The article analyzes both the subject matter and structure of the leading papers, papers from the middle group, as well as papers from the outsider group. It is shown that the largest citation values are achieved by the papers dealing with gender issues in science, the development of methods for processing large amounts of scientific information, as well as issues of publication and publishing policy. The relationship between citation and demand for articles is investigated.
GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Authors:   INION RAN, Ali-Zade Alexander
Published: December 2021

The article makes attempt to theoretically comprehend the global social revolution, perfected by digital communication technologies. The emergence of a global society as a new socio-economic paradigm is stated. The sides of this global paradigm are considered in detail - economic side (global economy), value side (neoliberal ideology), technological side (socio-technical system, global digital society) and social side (global civil society). Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the social side - the phenomenon of global civil society, since this phenomenon is the essence of the global socio-economic paradigm. The conclusion is substantiated that the formation of a global civil society is inevitable despite all the problems of its formation.
Ecology of Typha domigensis Pers
Authors: Koirala Umesh , Jha Sasinath , Ghimire Kedar Nath
Published: December 2021

In a shallow pond at Biratnagar, Nepal, importance value index of T. domingensis ranged between 134 (September) and 179 (May), and net primary productivity of the plant along with associated species was 1001.23 g/m2/yr. Maximum concentrations of nitrogen (2.76%) and potassium (2.87%) occurred in leaves, and phosphorus (0.95%) in roots of the plant in January, and three month old air-dried seeds of the plant had optimum germination (84%) under red light on moist filter papers. The pond water had minimum values of pH (6.12), turbidity (51.2 NTU), conductivity (5.39 ds/m), total dissolved solids (75.5 mg/l, nitrate and nitrite (0.01 mg/l) and potassium (5.6 mg/l) in September; total nitrogen (1.01 mg/l) in May; and ammonia (0.26 mg/l) and total phosphorus (0.72 mg/l) in January. The sediment (mud) of the pond was silty-sandy loam with annual averages of pH 6.6, nitrogen 0.23%, phosphorus 0.006%, potassium 0.04%, organic carbon 4.05% and C/N ratio 17.6:1.
Phytoplankton status of Mahakali River, Nepal
Authors: Mahaseth Vinod Kumar
Published: December 2021

Distribution of phytoplankton in Mahakali river was studied during 2003-2005. During the investigation a total of 31 genera belonging to 5 classes were identified. Chlorophyceae was dominant being represented by 15 genera, followed by Bacillariophyceae (9 genera), Cyanophyceae (5 genera), and 1 genus each of Dinophyceae and Xanthophyceae. The peak of Chlorophyceae was obtained in the month of April (465 units/l) during first year while in second year it was observed in the month of February (505 units/l). The maximum of Cyanophyceae was observed in the month of May (460 units/l) and March (216 units/l) during first and second year, respectively. Bacillariophyceae showed its maximum contribution during May (622 units/l) in first year and in March (600 units/l) in second year. The maximum density of phytoplankton was found during pre monsoon and minimum in early period of post monsoon (Sep.) and late period of monsoon. The density of phytoplankton increased from post monsoon (Oct.), whereas in rainy season, it was least due to dilution factor
Physico-chemical parameters and primary productivity of a fish pond of Madhumara, Biratnagar
Authors: Chhetri Purna Bahadur , Chhetry Damodar Thapa
Published: December 2021

The physico-chemical parameters and primary productivity of a fish pond of Madhumara, Biratnagar was studied from October 2007 to September 2008. The maximum air and water temperature and water transparency were recorded in rainy season, whereas maximum pH, dissolved oxygen and chloride were recorded in winter season.  Free carbon dioxide and total hardness were maximum in summer season. The gross primary productivity, net primary productivity and community respiration were found maximum in winter season.
Adsorptive removal of methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solutions with Acacia crassicarpa activated carbon
Authors:   School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Nguyen Tue Ngoc , Dang Khanh Quoc ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Nguyen Duc Trung ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology
Published: December 2021

In this study, activated carbon prepared from Acacia crassicarpa barkwas prepared and studied for the potential development of low-cost, carbon-based adsorbents that remove industrial dyes from aqueous solutions. Various spectroscopy techniques and surface analyses were used to characterize the adsorbents. The adsorption of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) onto the material was investigated under optimal experimental conditions including temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of chemicals. The Langmuir isotherm model was observed to fit the adsorption data well. The maximum adsorption capacities predicted by the Langmuir isotherm were found to be 10.36 mg.g-1 for MO and 15.34 mg.g-1 for MB. The adsorbents were better able to remove the cationic dye than the anionic dye. The results of this study will be useful for future scale-up production of low-cost adsorbents using Acacia crassicarpa for the removal of cationic and anionic dyes.
Study on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 40 kinds of vegetables, tubers, and fruits in An Giang
Authors:   Faculty of Education, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, Lam Thi-My-Linh , Le Minh-Tuan ,   Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, Bui Manh-Ha ,   Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University
Published: December 2021

A study on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 40 kinds of vegetables, tubers, and fruits found in the An Giang province was conducted. The results indicated that all 40 extracted samples displayed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 250 μg ml-1, 36 extracted samples showed an inhibition rate greater than 50% at 250 μg ml-1, 25 extracted samples had over 50% at 100 μg ml-1, 17 extracted samples possessed more than 50% at 50 μg ml-1, 7 extracted samples sampled showed over 50% at 25 μg ml-1, 5 extracted samples were greater than 50% at 10 μg ml-1, and 1 extracted sample was greater than 50% at 1 μg ml-1. Among the 40 samples, those taken from the seeds of Areca catechu, the fruits of Cassia grandis, the fruits of Syzygium cumini, the seeds of Glycine max,andthe stems of Enydra fluctuansexhibited the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in methanol, with IC50 values of 0.15, 2.54, 4.05, 5.17 and 8.68 μg ml-1, respectively, which were stronger than the positive control acarbose with an IC50 value of 214.5 μg ml-1
Evaluating the potential of aquaculture in the Hoa Binh reservoir with carrying capacity and water quality indices
Authors:   Vietnam Institute for Fisheries Economics and Planning, Phan Diep Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Binh Duc ,   Research Institute for Aquaculture Number 1, Liew Paul ,   Vietnam Institute for Fisheries Economics and Planning, Pham Ha Thi Thu ,   Faculty of Environmental Sciences,University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Nguyen Tung Thanh ,   Vietnam Institute for Fisheries Economics and Planning, Nguyen Hieu Trung ,   Research Institute for Aquaculture Number 2
Published: December 2021

Not only does the Hoa Binh reservoir play essential roles in water storage for electricity generation and flood regulation, but also it has great potential to aid aquaculture production. Presently, aquaculture production sits at around 9,200 tons/year; however, a recent MARD circular (#16 in 2015) estimated that maximum production would approach 10,000 tons/year in the productive photic zone. This paper supports increased capacity towards a sustainable commodity production model by optimizing production levels and farming practices. To reach this goal, it is necessary to determine water quality parameters using the Relative Water Quality Index (ReWQI) and carrying capacity (CC) analysis. Data was obtained from 30 sites at upstream, midstream, and downstream sections of the reservoir during the 2019 dry and wet seasons. The results from the ReWQI reflected good water quality potential (rated between 92-100) for aquaculture. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) levels of 10,794.9 kg/day and 1,965.4 kg/day, respectively, indicate high biological productivity resulting in strong fish growth potential. CC analysis and overall water quality reflect the potential for sustainable and increased productivity to 22,730.4 tons/year, which is an increase in production of over 13,200 tons/year compared to the current period. To reach a higher yield of 40 kg/year/m3 within each cage (5,040 kg/cage/year), the corresponding increase in number needs to be 4,510 cages based on a common cage size of 126 m3 (6x6x3.5 m). In order to reach these future production goals, this work concludes that the local government should begin spatial planning decisions based on appropriate cage allocation and distribution with respect for regular monitoring of water quality and nutrient load capacity of the environment to reach sustainable aquaculture development.
Pengadaan Tanah Jalur Kereta Api Bandara Adi Soemarmo-Solo Balapan: Kebijakan Konservasi Vs Pembangunan Infrastruktur
Authors: Idawijayanti Tri , Widodo Dwi Pramono Retno
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Dilemmas and conflicts frequently arise during public policy-making. For instance, those occurring between the Policy for the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (PLP2B) and land acquisition for development in the public interest (PTPKU). The former aims to preserve agricultural land, whereas the latter ensures absolute land provision for infrastructure and facility development in the public interest. The purpose of this study is to describe the policy conflicts that exist between the PLP2B policy and the PTPKU policy. A qualitative approach is used to conduct this research with a case study design using content analysis. Apart from documents, data triangulation is also conducted through interviews with multiple parties involved in decision-making and through observation and documentation of field conditions. Although both are in the public interest, the study's findings indicate that conservation is inferior to infrastructure development. The process of nullifying conservation implementation goes through a series of steps that emerge at each stage of land acquisition justification.
Key words: Boyolali-Indonesia, LP2B, Land Acquisition, Policy Conflicts, Spatial Planning
 
Intisari: Dilema dan konflik sering terjadi dalam pengambilan kebijakan publik. Sebagai contoh yaitu antara kebijakan Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (PLP2B) dan kebijakan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (PTPKU). Kebjiakan PLP2B bertujuan untuk mempertahankan tanah pertanian, sedangkan kebijakan PTPKU menjamin penyediaan lahan secara mutlak bagi pembangunan infrastruktur atau fasilitas bagi kepentingan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan konflik pada dua contoh kebijakan di atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan desain studi kasus menggunakan konten analisis (content analysis). Selain berdasar dokumen, dilakukan juga trianggulasi dalam penggunaan data, yaitu dengan wawancara terhadap beberapa pihak yang terlibat dalam pengambilan keputusan, serta observasi dan dokumentasi kondisi lapangan. Dari hasil penelitian tergambar bahwa meski sama-sama sebagai kepentingan umum, kebijakan pelestarian pertanian kalah dengan kepentingan umum pembangunan infrastruktur. Proses pembatalan ketetapan pelestarian terjadi melalui berbagai tahap yang ada pada setiap tahap justifikasi pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah.
Kata Kunci: Konflik kebijakan, Tata Ruang, LP2B, Pengadaan Tanah, Boyolali-Indonesia
Przywilej dla kredytobiorców w postaci tzw. Wakacji kredytowych w okresie pandemii koronawirusa (COVID-19) – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Niczyporuk Piotr
Published: December 2021

The “Credit Holidays ”is quite an interesting institution that has been regulated by law. In the period of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, bearing in mind the difficulties in repaying liabilities to banks, initially on the part of the Polish Bank Association and the banks themselves, there were proposals to postpone repayment of principal and interest instalments or principal instalments. In this way, “non-statutory credit holidays” were created, and it was up to the lender and the borrower to specify the necessary contractual changes. As part of the so-called “anti-crisis shields” have been introduced into the legal system. First, the interference of the legislator provides for the possibility of postponing the repayment of credit obligations to entrepreneurs. These regulations introduced the possibility, not the obligation, of applying the “credit holidays” to the bank’s customer. However, it was an effective and desired instrument to help entrepreneurs. Under the so-called “Anti-crisis Shield 4.0”, obligatory “statutory credit holidays” aimed at consumers were introduced. The adopted legal regulations indeed cause some interpretation problems, but undoubtedly this legal institution will be a permanent element of the Polish banking system.
Europejski Zielony Ład w świetle wyzwań polskiego prawa rolnego
Authors: Niewiadomski Adam
Published: December 2021

The article presents the basic legal problems related to the implementation and legislation of the European Green Deal in Poland. The assessment was made through the prism of previous experience, including on greening policy, as well as contemporary challenges of agricultural law. Selected elements of the European Green Deal were analyzed and the possibility of their effective implementation in Polish agriculture was assessed. The legislative challenges faced by the Polish legislator in terms of fairly free possibilities of shaping the details of legal instruments enabling climate and environmental protection were also identified.
Decision on land development conditions for a photovoltaic system – a genuine investment problem?
Authors: Brzezicki Tomasz , Brzezińska-Rawa Anna
Published: December 2021

The possibility of basing an investment on a decision on land development conditions has many legal and economic advantages. The decision confirms a specific condition related to the possibility of land development, enables the implementation of subsequent stages of the investment process, and finally, the implementation of the investment. Currently, only special regulations, e.g. in water law, protection of monuments, and protection of agricultural and forest land, constitute a legal barrier to the location of photovoltaic investments. Other restrictions are technical limitations, for example, the possibility of connecting to the power grid. The photovoltaic investments market in Poland is constantly growing.
Regulacja górnictwa kosmicznego w polskiej ustawie o działalności kosmicznej
Authors: Kłoda Mariusz Tomasz , Malinowska Katarzyna , Malinowski Bartosz , Polkowska Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

Work on the content of the law on space activities has been going in Poland for several years. So far, the drafters have not directly referred to the issue of space mining in the content of the proposed legal act. In this context, it is worth asking whether it is valuable and permissible, in terms of international space law and EU law, to regulate in the future (Polish) law on space activity the matter of prospecting, acquiring and using space resources, i.e. so-called space mining. If space mining were regulated in the Polish space law, Poland would not be the first country to do so. The discussed issues have already been regulated in the national space legislation of the USA, Luxemburg, UAE and Japan. This paper will analyze the issues of space mining as expressed in the current drafts of the Polish space law and foreign space legislation, of space mining as a means of achieving various goals and of the compatibility of space mining with international space law and EU law.
“Why Me?”– Questions of Racial Equity and Institutional Racism in Academia
Authors: Anne Tate Shirley
Published: December 2021

Beginning with the necessary question “Why me?,” I look at a system which bars BIPOC bodies and theory. In her open letter to the US Black Studies academic community, Sylvia Wynter (1994 ) spoke about the problem of “no human involved” (“NHI”) in the policing and incarceration of Black bodies as being pertinent for how Black studies was positioned institutionally. This same white supremacist governance and surveillance “NHI” exists in universities on both sides of the Atlantic. There is something very wrong with the system of which I am a part that persistently and consistently bars BIPOC bodies and theory and only avails our presence and thought a marginal position on the proviso that the status quo of whiteliness ( Yancy 2008 ) is not disturbed. Nothing really changes in terms of anti-BIPOC racism. Rather, it remains strangely the white supremacist (settler) colonial same within Canadian race-evasive multiculturalism and UK ‘post-race’ racism.
Les Conversations Tocqueville
Authors: Mélonio Françoise
Published: December 2021

La Fondation Tocqueville a réuni au Château de Tocqueville les 17 et 18 septembre 2021 des intellectuels et des acteurs de la société civile des deux rives de l’Atlantique pour des Conversations sur le futur de la Démocratie en Amérique. Alors que l’Amérique a été le théâtre d’un envahissement du Capitole le 6 janvier, que reste-t-il de la démocratie américaine dont Tocqueville louait la sagesse exemplaire ? Faut-il voir dans les turbulences de la dernière élection présidentielle une bouffée révolutionnaire telle que la France contemporaine de Tocqueville en avait connues, ou bien un signe de l’épuisement de la démocratie américaine et de l’effondrement de la confiance du peuple américain en ses valeurs ? Dans quelle mesure la crise américaine annonce-t-elle des difficultés similaires en Europe ?
De la laïcité en France
Authors: Rolland Patrice
Published: December 2021

Compte rendu par Patrice Rolland du livre de Patrick Weil, De la laïcité en France, paru aux Editions Grasset en 2021.
Reflections on Melvin Richter’s Tocqueville and the Two Napoleons
Authors: Welch Cheryl B.
Published: December 2021

This essay explores the significance of Napoleon for contemporary history and public affairs by reflecting on the career of Melvin Richter (1921-2020) and his forthcoming Tocqueville and the Two Napoleons. Richter maintains that Tocqueville’s ever-deepening analysis of the Napoleonic model, a new and sinister form of the administrative state, achieved dystopian dimensions in his thought and serves as an important thread by which we can re-assess Tocqueville’s entire oeuvre and political career. The article argues that Tocqueville’s historical method, which takes center stage in Richter’s reconstruction of the way in which Tocqueville submits Napoleon to the discipline of history, continues to inspire, even as contemporary concerns shift away from the dangers of the administrative state. It also speculates that the mythical Napoleon who transcended time, a figure inevitably neglected in “Tocquevillian” histories but made compelling by a generation of romantic writers, is newly relevant in a world of mysterious affective attachments to populist leaders and the waves of expressive violence in which such attachments are enmeshed.
Tocqueville, Napoleon, and History-Writing in a Democratic Age
Authors: Bell David A.
Published: December 2021

In Democracy in America, Tocqueville posited a contrast between the way history is written in “aristocratic” and “democratic” ages. In the former, historians tend to assign great weight to the actions of individuals; in the latter, they privilege great impersonal forces that act upon the mass. The essay examines Tocqueville’s views of Napoleon Bonaparte in light of these reflections. It concludes that despite his occasional vulnerability to the lure of Napoleonic grandeur, and despite his own desire, as an aristocrat writing in a democratic age, to effect a synthesis of the two modes of historical writing, in the end he fundamentally viewed Napoleon’s actions as determined by the forces of democratic equality and revolution.
Alexis de Tocqueville, penseur de l’imaginaire social égalitaire des sociétés démocratiques modernes
Authors: Théodore Rachel
Published: December 2021

Dans cet article, nous analysons, en première instance, le concept « d’égalité des conditions » de Tocqueville en montrant que ce concept peut être divisé en trois égalités distinctes dans son œuvre : l’égalité de considération, l’égalité des chances et l’égalité en droits politiques. En analysant le cas des sociétés américaine et française, nous conceptualisons l’égalité de considération comme une égalité matricielle et « imaginaire » des sociétés démocratiques modernes, qui conditionne les deux autres égalités. Puis, nous montrons comment le concept « d’égalité des conditions » de Tocqueville est en fait un véritable « imaginaire social » qui institue et construit les sociétés démocratiques de notre temps.
Level of physical activity and quality of life associated with health in Paraguay adults
Authors: Meza-Miranda Eliana R. , Giménez Jazmín
Published: December 2021

Studies have shown that the performance of scheduled physical activity is positively related to a higher quality of life related to health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity according to the quality of life in the adult population of Paraguay in the period from November to December 2020. A descriptive, analytical cross-sectional design study, which included 211 adults of both sexes. Sociodemographic data such as age, sex and origin were collected, as well as data on physical activity (IPAQ/METS questionnaire) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D questionnaire). The predominant sex was female (89%), 53.5% resided in Gran Asunción and the average age was 34.6±10.6. The level of physical activity was mostly moderate (36.5%). The quality of life index was 0.67±0.15 and the perception of health was 79.12±18.35. Within the dimensions of quality of life, it was observed that 23% had moderate pain or discomfort and that 33% had moderate depression or anxiety. Significant differences were found between the level of physical activity and the quality of life index and the perception of health. The level of physical activity is a determinant of health-related quality of life, the greater the intensity of physical activity, the better the quality and perception of health indices in adults.
Psychometric properties of Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnaire in a Turkish population
Authors: Miçooğullari Bülent O. , Edwards David J. , Ekmekçi Rıdvan
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to examine the reliability and validity of Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnaire (BMSQ), measuring seven psychological skills resulting in a total scale score, within Turkey. The sample consisting of 163 males and 131 females, totaling 294 athletes, completed the 28 item BMSQ. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were undertaken. EFA results yielded a satisfactory seven-factor solution, the same as the English version. Cronbach alpha (α) reliability indices were as follows: concentration ability (0.71), anxiety and worry management (0.63), relaxation ability (0.69), imagery ability (0.73), self-confidence (0.72), motivation (0.64) and mental preparation (0.52). The BMSQ explained 62% of the total variance. Moreover, model fit indices calculated during CFA for the 28 item and 7 sub-dimensions model of BMSQ indicated an acceptable fit [Chi-Square (ꭓ²)=541.2, df=328, ꭓ²/df=1.65, Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA)=0.05, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.95, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI)=0.90, Normed Fit Index (NFI)=0.89, and Non Normed Fit Index (NNFI)=0.90]. Thus, the original 7-factor solution was supported with the data collected from Turkish participants. Results demonstrated that the BMSQ is a valid and reliable instrument for the Turkish population.
General electrical characterisation of Ag/TiO2/n-InP/Au Schottky Diode
Authors: BILGILI Ahmet Kursat , ÇAĞATAY Rabia , OZTURK Mustafa , ÖZER Metin
Published: December 2021

In this study Ag/TiO2/n-InP/Au structures are formed on 500 μm thick, (100) oriented n-InP semiconductor having 3.13x1018 cm-3 carrier density, by using sputtering method. TiO2 is grown as an interface with thickness of 60 Å. Some parameters of this structure are investigated in temperature range of 120- 360 K. It is noticed that there are two linear regions in forward bias current-voltage (I-V) plot. These two regions are called as LBR (low bias region) and MBR(middle bias region). Richardson coefficient is determined and mean barrier height is calculated with double Gaussian distribution.
First Report of “Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Variant” in an Injection Drug User with 12 New Organisms in Blood Cultures 17 Days after Admission to the Hospital
Authors: Kannangara Don Walter , Kannangara Don Walter , Anmolsingh Roopa , Pandya Dhyanesh
Published: December 2021

The term Munchausen syndrome is used to describe a situation where a person inflicts an illness or injury
on self. Munchausen syndrome by proxy is when a person fabricates an illness on behalf of another. We
report the case of an injection drug user admitted to the hospital for a spinal epidural abscess which was
drained, treated with antibiotics and doing well, suddenly becoming very sick and febrile on day 17. The
blood cultures grew a total of 12 organisms including 2 fungi. Someone who visited the patient in the
hospital around this time was suspected to have injected a solution of drugs brought from home directly into
the patient’s intravenous line used to administer antibiotics resulting in a polymicrobial
bacteremia/fungemia. Presence of Lactobacilli in one blood culture raised the suspicion that the girl friend
who was also a drug user, may have been responsible as Lactobacilli are more frequently found in hands of
females. We caution physicians and nurses to be vigilant when handling injection drug users and other drug
abusers admitted to hospital. Materials brought to the patient’s room from outside must be screened. New
onset of unexpected symptoms should alert caregivers of the possibility of such abuse.
Empiric Treatment of Foot Infection in Patients with Severe Diabetes
Authors:   Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Brazil, Bezerra Alexandre Sacchetti ,   Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil, Loureiro Flavia Altheman , Pasquareli Vazquez Carla Maria , Polimanti Afonso Cesar , Bauab Dauar Rafi Felicio
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite being treated with antibiotics of broad spectrum recommended by International Consensus, severe diabetic patients with lower limb infection do not present a positive clinical evolution during empirical treatment. This study’s bacterial profile was analysed and compared with other worldwide hospital centers. Objective: To confirm the need of an individualized empirical treatment for severe diabetic patients with foot infection. Methods: Retrospective analysis of cultures and antibiograms of severe diabetic patients admitted by foot infection. Results: The results were consistent with the socioeconomic realities of developing countries. Gram-negative bacteria (52,11%) were present in most bone cultures. Results presented a high incidence of Enterococcus faecalis in both gram-positive (21,2%) and polymicrobial (34,7%) samples. Bacterial resistance with the use of ordinary antibiotics in the statistical analysis was high. Conclusion: The community infections should undergo broad spectrum empirical therapy combining amikacin (80,43%) or meropenem (72,00%) with gram-negative and vancomycin (100%) or teicoplanin (90,00%) or linezolid (74,19%) with gram-positive.