bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating spheroid‐on‐a‐chip with tubeless rocker platform: A high‐throughput biological screening platform
Authors: Kheiri Sina , Chen Zhengkun , Yakavets Ilya , Rakhshani Faeze , Young Edmond W. K. , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: July 2023

Spheroid‐on‐a‐chip platforms are emerging as promising in vitro models that enable screening of the efficacy of biologically active ingredients. Generally, the supply of liquids to spheroids occurs in the steady flow mode with the use of syringe pumps; however, the utilization of tubing and connections, especially for multiplexing and high‐throughput screening applications, makes spheroid‐on‐a‐chip platforms labor‐ and cost‐intensive. Gravity‐induced flow using rocker platforms overcomes these challenges. Here, a robust gravity‐driven technique was developed to culture arrays of cancer cell spheroids and dermal fibroblast spheroids in a high‐throughput manner using a rocker platform. The efficiency of the developed rocker‐based platform was benchmarked to syringe pumps for generating multicellular spheroids and their use for screening biologically active ingredients. Cell viability, internal spheroid structure as well as the effect of vitamin C on spheroids' protein synthesis was studied. The rocker‐based platform not only offers comparable or enhanced performance in terms of cell viability, spheroids formation, and protein production by dermal fibroblast spheroids but also, from a practical perspective, offers a smaller footprint, requires a lower cost, and offers an easier method for handling. These results support the application of rocker‐based microfluidic spheroid‐on‐a‐chip platforms for in vitro screening in a high‐throughput manner with industrial scaling‐up opportunities.
Deep learning image analysis models pretrained on daily objects are useful for the preliminary characterization of particulate pharmaceutical samples
Authors: Salami Hossein , Wood Caitlin , Ouyang Hanlin , Zhao Xi , Skomski Daniel
Published: July 2023

Visible and subvisible particles are a quality attribute in sterile pharmaceutical samples. A common method for characterizing and quantifying pharmaceutical samples containing particulates is imaging many individual particles using high‐throughput instrumentation and analyzing the populations data. The analysis includes conventional metrics such as the particle size distribution but can be more sophisticated by interpreting other visual/morphological features. To avoid the hurdles of building new image analysis models capable of extracting such relevant features from scratch, we propose using well‐established pretrained deep learning image analysis models such as EfficientNet. We demonstrate that such models are useful as a prescreening tool for high‐level characterization of biopharmaceutical particle image data. We show that although these models are originally trained for completely different tasks (such as the classification of daily objects in the ImageNet database), the visual feature vectors extracted by such models can be useful for studying different types of subvisible particles. This applicability is illustrated through multiple case studies: (i) particle risk assessment in prefilled syringe formulations containing different particle types such as silicone oil, (ii) method comparability with the example of accelerated forced degradation, and (iii) excipient influence on particle morphology with the example of Polysorbate 80 (PS80). As examples of agnostic applicability of pretrained models, we also elucidate the application to two high‐throughput microscopy methods: microflow and background membrane imaging. We show that different particle populations with different morphological and visual features can be identified in different samples by leveraging out‐of‐the‐box pretrained models to analyze images from each sample.
Interrelationships between circular economy and Industry 4.0: A research agenda for sustainable supply chains
Authors: de Mattos Nascimento Daniel Luiz , de Oliveira‐Dias Diessica , Moyano‐Fuentes José , Maqueira Marín Juan Manuel , Garza‐Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this article is to propose a novel classification of the interrelationships between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and circular economy (CE) principles that highlights the most conclusive findings and extant gaps in the relevant research. A systematic literature review has been developed to locate, select and evaluate relevant contributions made to CE interrelationships with I4.0 technologies. Studies have been analysed and classified according to the specific I4.0 technology and CE principle addressed (10Rs). The articles have been clustered into three main groups: (i) useful application of materials, (ii) extending the lifespan of products and their parts and (iii) smarter product use and manufacture. A mind map of the investigated articles has been used to establish the interrelationships between individual technologies and each CE principle at the supply chain level. Based on this classification, a focus group interview (FGI) was held with experts to dig deeper into the interrelationships between I4.0 technologies and CE principles. The FGI results have identified how each as yet unexplored I4.0 technology could be linked to each CE principle. A Fuzzy Delphi (FD) study was also applied to identify the most relevant I4.0 technologies for improving CE principles and closing gaps in the literature regarding the 10R CE principles. In addition, guidelines have been established to assist with practical applications and generate a research agenda on the interrelationships between I4.0 technologies and CE principles at the supply chain level. Implications for theory include the extension of view from the research gaps between I4.0 technologies and the 10Rs identified in the literature; also, an FGI and FD were performed based on the detected research gaps to identify future lines of research for academics and offer useful guidance to directors and managers on I4.0 technology interrelationships for improving at least one of the 10R CE principles. The contribution to practice aims to enable managers to easily identify which technology from the I4.0 domain should be used to advance any given CE principle. Lastly, we provide useful guidance on the application of as‐yet‐unused technologies to improve CE principles.
Low level of ARID1A contributes to adaptive immune resistance and sensitizes triple‐negative breast cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Chen Xin‐Yu , Li Bin , Wang Ye , Jin Juan , Yang Yu , Huang Lei‐Huan , Yang Meng‐Di , Zhang Jian , Wang Bi‐Yun , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Ni Ting , Huang Sheng‐Lin , Hu Xi‐Chun , Tao Zhong‐Hua
Published: July 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) shed new light on triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), but only a minority of patients demonstrate response. Therefore, adaptive immune resistance (AIR) needs to be further defined to guide the development of ICI regimens.

Methods

Databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Ontology Resource, University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser, and Pubmed, were used to screen epigenetic modulators, regulators for CD8+ T cells, and transcriptional regulators of programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (Hu‐PBMC) reconstruction mice were adopted for xenograft transplantation. Tumor specimens from a TNBC cohort and the clinical trial CTR20191353 were retrospectively analyzed. RNA‐sequencing, Western blotting, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to assess gene expression. Coculture assays were performed to evaluate the regulation of TNBC cells on T cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing were used to determine chromatin‐binding and accessibility.

Results

The epigenetic modulator AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) gene demonstrated the highest expression association with AIR relative to other epigenetic modulators in TNBC patients. Low ARID1A expression in TNBC, causing an immunosuppressive microenvironment, promoted AIR and inhibited CD8+ T cell infiltration and activity through upregulating PD‐L1. However, ARID1A did not directly regulate PD‐L1 expression. We found that ARID1A directly bound the promoter of nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) and that low ARID1A expression increased NPM1 chromatin accessibility as well as gene expression, further activating PD‐L1 transcription. In Hu‐PBMC mice, atezolizumab demonstrated the potential to reverse ARID1A deficiency‐induced AIR in TNBC by reducing tumor malignancy and activating anti‐tumor immunity. In CTR20191353, ARID1A‐low patients derived more benefit from pucotenlimab compared to ARID1A‐high patients.

Conclusions

In AIR epigenetics, low ARID1A expression in TNBC contributed to AIR via the ARID1A/NPM1/PD‐L1 axis, leading to poor outcome but sensitivity to ICI treatment.
Prediction of malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: A nomogram based on clinical information and radiological outcomes
Authors: Huang Xiaorui , Guo Tong , Zhang Zhiwei , Cai Ming , Guo Xinyi , Zhang Jingzhao , Yu Yahong
Published: July 2023

Objective

Clinical practitioners face a significant challenge in maintaining a healthy balance between overtreatment and missed diagnosis in the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). The current study aimed to identify significant risk factors of malignant IPMN from a series of clinical and radiological parameters that are widely available and noninvasive and develop a method to individually predict the risk of malignant IPMN to improve its management.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 168 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with IPMN after individualized pancreatic resection between June, 2012 and December, 2020. Independent predictors determined using both univariate and multivariate analyses to construct a predictive model. The discriminatory power of the nomogram was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Decision curve analysis was performed to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Internal cross validation was performed to assess the validity of the predictive model.

Results

In the multivariate analysis, five significant independent risk factors were identified: increased serum CA19‐9 level, low prognostic nutritional index (PNI), cyst size, enhancing mural nodule, and main pancreatic duct diameter. The nomogram based on the parameters mentioned above had outstanding performance in distinguishing malignancy, with an AUC of 0.907 (95% confidence interval: 0.859–0.956, p < 0.05), which remained 0.875 after internal cross‐validation, and showed good clinical usefulness.

Conclusion

A novel nomogram for predicting malignant IPMN first introducing PNI was developed, which may aid in improving IPMN management. Nevertheless, external validation is required to confirm its efficacy.
Association between conditioning intensity and height growth after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Uemura Suguru , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Kishimoto Kenji , Fujikawa Tomoko , Nakamura Sayaka , Kozaki Aiko , Saito Atsuro , Ishida Toshiaki , Mori Takeshi , Ozaki Kayo , Kosaka Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2023

Background

The present study aimed to examine the association between the conditioning intensity and height growth in pediatric patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).

Methods

We reviewed the clinical records of 89 children with malignant diseases who underwent initial allo‐HSCT between 2003 and 2021. Height measurements were standardized using standard height charts prepared by the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology to calculate standard deviation score (SDS). We defined short stature as a height SDS less than −2.0 in that reference. Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) comprised total‐body irradiation at more than 8 Gy and busulfan administration at more than 8 mg/kg (more than 280 mg/m2). Other conditioning regimens were defined as reduced intensity conditioning (RIC).

Results

A total of 58 patients underwent allo‐HSCT with MAC, and 31 patients received allo‐HSCT with RIC. There were significant differences in the height SDS at 2 and 3 years after allo‐HSCT between MAC and RIC group (−1.33 ± 1.20 vs. −0.76 ± 1.12, p = 0.047, −1.55 ± 1.28 vs. −0.75 ± 1.11, p = 0.022, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis with the adjustments for potential confounding factors of patients less than 10 years of age at allo‐HSCT and chronic graft‐versus host disease demonstrated that MAC regimen was associated with a markedly increased risk of a short stature at 3 years after allo‐HSCT (adjusted odds ratio, 5.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–29.4; p = 0.041).

Conclusion

The intensity of conditioning regimen may be associated with short statures after allo‐HSCT.
Tackling the ‘normalisation of neglect’: Messages from child protection reviews in England
Authors: Taylor Julie , Dickens Jonathan , Garstang Joanna , Cook Laura , Hallett Nutmeg , Molloy Eleanor
Published: July 2023

Despite a history of critique, concentrated discussion and improved assessment processes, neglect continues to be a major challenge for child protection services. This paper draws on findings from a government‐commissioned analysis of ‘serious case reviews’ (SCRs) in England, arising from incidents of serious child abuse in 2017–2019. There were 235 cases, for which 166 final reports were available. Alongside a quantitative analysis of the whole cohort, we undertook an in‐depth qualitative analysis of 12 cases involving neglect. A key challenge in responding to neglect in its different forms is that it can be so widespread amongst families that practitioners no longer notice its severity or chronicity – it becomes normalised. In this paper we explore two dimensions of the ‘paradox of neglect’ where it seems to be everywhere and nowhere simultaneously. The first is that neglect is so closely bound up with the prevalence of poverty that little action is taken to address it. The second is that the overwhelming nature of neglect can blind practitioners to other forms of maltreatment that may also be present within a family. Practitioners, now more than ever, need to recognise the dimensions of this paradox to protect children from neglect.
Integrating blockchain capabilities in an omnichannel healthcare system: A dual theoretical perspective
Authors: Sangal Shreya , Nigam Achint , Sharma Sangeeta
Published: July 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic opened a market for omnichannel healthcare. While some patients trusted the hybrid mode of consultancy, others lacked trust in the online mode of consultancy. The purpose of the study is to understand the extent to which blockchain can influence the swift trust of stakeholders and the usage intention of omnichannel healthcare systems (OHS). We used a quantitative approach by surveying 250 patients that rendered services from OHS by drawing upon the lens of organizational information processing theory (OIPT) and swift trust theory (STT). We test the hypotheses using the PLS‐SEM technique. The results show blockchain technology can significantly affect the adoption of omnichannel healthcare by reinforcing swift trust in OHS and its continued usage.
RGMb impacts partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and BMP2‐Induced ID mRNA expression independent of PD‐L2 in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Dorset Sofie Rahbek , Daugaard Tina Fuglsang , Larsen Trine Vilsbøll , Nielsen Anders Lade
Published: July 2023

PD‐1/PD‐ligand‐axis immunotherapy‐mediated activation of T‐cells for cancer cell elimination is a promising treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effect of immunotherapy on intracellular signaling pathways in cancer cells still needs further delineation. Repulsive Guidance Molecule b (RGMb), a regulator of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) signaling, interacts with the PD‐ligand, PD‐L2, at cancer cell membranes. Accordingly, a clarification of the functions of RGMb and its relation to PD‐L2 might provide insight into NSCLC cell signaling responses to PD‐1/PD‐ligand‐axis immunotherapy. In this study, the functions of RGMb and PD‐L2 were examined using the two NSCLC cell lines HCC827 and A549. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to decrease the expression of RGMb and PD‐L2, while lentiviral vectors were used to increase their expression. Downstream effects were examined by RT‐qPCR and immunoassays. Ectopic expression of RGMb impacted BMP2‐induced expression of ID1 and ID2 messenger RNA (mRNA) independently of PD‐L2, while RGMb depletion by CRISPR/Cas9 did not affect the BMP2‐mediated induction of ID1, ID2, and ID3 mRNA. However, depletion of RGMb resulted in a partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression profile in HCC827 cells, which was not mimicked by PD‐L2 depletion. The results show that RGMb is a coregulator of BMP signaling and hence, ID mRNA expression and that RGMb can control the EMT balance in NSCLC cells. However, RGMb appears to exert these functions independently of PD‐L2, and accordingly, the PD‐1/PD‐ligand axis for immune surveillance in NSCLC cells.
Atomistic Distribution of Iron and Copper in Coordination Metallopolymer for Highly Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Evolution in Protic Media
Authors: Vishwa Prashanth , Babbet Charles , Reddy Bhargav , Kotoky Debabrat , Gopinathan Sarada K. , Udachyan Iranna , R S Vishwanath , Kandaiah Sakthivel
Published: July 2023

Multifunctional aromatic linker ligands are crucial for designing robust heterogeneous electrocatalytic systems with an effective surface distribution of atomic redox active sites. Herein, we report the chemical immobilization of hetero‐metal ions (Fe and Cu) containing metallopolymers on copper surface as a low overpotential and stable electrocatalyst in acidic electrolyte. The sulfur and nitrogen‐rich triazine trithiolate ligand enables the active sites atomistic distribution through coordination linkage and displays an impressive low overpotential of −94 mV vs. RHE to attain −10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. It is almost 103 times higher hydrogen evolution current densities than the copper substrate. The increased iron content and activation in acidic electrolyte reduce the overpotential and increase the electrochemical active surface area and catalytic activity. The long‐term hydrogen evolution suggests excellent stability in strong acidic electrolytes, and the film remains adherent to the substrate at higher hydrogen evolution current densities of −500 mA cm−2 and −700 A gm−1.
Photolysis of an Archetypal Model Complex. Photooxidation Versus Photoreduction of Azido(porphinato)iron(III)
Authors: Flesch Stefan , Vöhringer Peter
Published: July 2023

Azidoporphinatoiron(III) ([1]) is an archetypal model complex for the photochemical generation of nitridoiron(V) complexes via cleavage of dinitrogen. So far, this process has only been studied with continuous irradiation in thin films under cryogenic conditions or in frozen solutions. In addition, the photooxidation from iron(III) to iron(V) competes with photoreduction to iron(II) via cleavage of an azidyl radical. The quantum yields of both pathways remained hitherto undisclosed. Here, we investigated the photolysis of this model complex in room temperature liquid solution using stationary and time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy. The two reaction pathways are unambiguously identified in quenching studies and their quantum yields are accurately determined. Nitridoporphinatoiron(V) ([2]) exhibits N‐atom‐2‐electron‐transfer reactivity toward tert‐butyl isonitrile and forms a carbodiimido species. In the presence of tert‐butyl isonitrile, the two products of the photoreduction pathway react to cationic diisonitriloporphinatoiron(III) and azide anions, which in turn combine to reform [1] and the quencher.
Synergistic Promotion of Large‐Current Water Splitting through Interfacial Engineering of Hierarchically Structured CoP−FeP Nanosheets with Rich P Vacancies
Authors: Qi Luoluo , Huang Zhiyang , Liao Miao , Wang Lei , Wang Lixia , Gao Mingcheng , Taylor Isimjan Tayirjan , Yang Xiulin
Published: July 2023

The development of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with high performance under large current density is still a challenge. Introducing P vacancies in heterostructure is an appealing strategy to enhance HER kinetics. This study investigates a CoP−FeP heterostructure catalyst with abundant P vacancies (Vp−CoP−FeP/NF) on nickel foam (NF), which was prepared using dipping and phosphating treatment. The optimized Vp−CoP−FeP catalyst exerted prominent HER catalytic capability, requiring an ultra‐low overpotential (58 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) and displaying robust durability (50 h @ 200 mA cm−2) in 1.0 M KOH solution. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated superior overall water splitting activity as cathode, demanding only cell voltage of 1.76 V at 200 mA cm−2, outperforming Pt/C/NF(−) || RuO2/NF(+). The catalyst‘s outstanding performance can be attributed to the hierarchical structure of porous nanosheets, abundant P vacancies, and synergistic effect between CoP and FeP components, which promote water dissociation and H* adsorption and desorption, thereby synergically accelerating HER kinetics and enhancing HER activity. This study demonstrates the potential of HER catalysts with phosphorus‐rich vacancies that can work under industrial‐scale current density, highlighting the importance of developing durable and efficient catalysts for hydrogen production.
Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of Helical Hairpin Oligourea Foldamers
Authors: Pendem Nagendar , Nelli Yella‐Reddy , Cussol Léonie , Didierjean Claude , Kauffmann Brice , Dolain Christel , Guichard Gilles
Published: July 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Gilles Guichard at the University of Bordeaux. The image depicts sketches and technical drawing tools to illustrate the creation and precise characterization of foldamer tertiary structures. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300087.
The association between lipoprotein(a) and atrial fibrillation: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Mingyang , Nasr Basma , Liu Junzhao , Du Yu , Yang Jiayin
Published: July 2023

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a particle consisting of a low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐like core connected to an apolipoprotein(a) chain, which is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, studies addressing the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and Lp(a) demonstrated conflicted results. Thus, we sought to evaluate this relationship by conducting this systemic review and meta‐analysis. We performed a comprehensive systematic search of health science databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect, to identify all relevant literature from their inception to March 1, 2023. We identified nine related articles, which were eventually included in this study. Our study showed no association between Lp(a) with new‐onset AF (HR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–3.67, p = .432). In addition, genetically elevated Lp(a) was not associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00–1.00, p = .461). Different stratification of Lp(a) levels may have different outcomes. Also, higher Lp(a) levels may be inversely associated with the risk of developing AF compared to those with lower levels. Lp(a) levels were not associated with incident AF. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism underlying these results and better understand Lp(a) stratification for AF and the possible inverse association between Lp(a) and AF.
Tonotopic distribution and inferior colliculus projection pattern of inhibitory and excitatory cell types in the lateral superior olive of mice
Authors: Haragopal Hariprakash , Mellott Jeffrey G. , Dhar Matasha , Kanel Alinea , Mafi Amir , Tokar Nick , Winters Bradley D.
Published: July 2023

The principal neurons (PNs) of the lateral superior olive nucleus (LSO) are an important component of mammalian brainstem circuits that compare activity between the two ears and extract intensity and timing differences used for sound localization. There are two LSO PN transmitter types, glycinergic and glutamatergic, which also have different ascending projection patterns to the inferior colliculus (IC). Glycinergic LSO PNs project ipsilaterally while glutamatergic one's projections vary in laterality by species. In animals with good low‐frequency hearing (<3 kHz) such as cats and gerbils, glutamatergic LSO PNs have both ipsilateral and contralateral projections; however, rats that lack this ability only have the contralateral pathway. Additionally, in gerbils, the glutamatergic ipsilateral projecting LSO PNs are biased to the low‐frequency limb of the LSO suggesting this pathway may be an adaptation for low‐frequency hearing. To further test this premise, we examined the distribution and IC projection pattern of LSO PNs in another high‐frequency specialized species using mice by combining in situ hybridization and retrograde tracer injections. We observed no overlap between glycinergic and glutamatergic LSO PNs confirming they are distinct cell populations in mice as well. We found that mice also lack the ipsilateral glutamatergic projection from LSO to IC and that their LSO PN types do not exhibit pronounced tonotopic biases. These data provide insights into the cellular organization of the superior olivary complex and its output to higher processing centers that may underlie functional segregation of information.
On the evolution of polysensory superior temporal sulcus and middle temporal gyrus: A key component of the semantic system in the human brain
Authors: Petrides Michael
Published: July 2023

The primary auditory cortex and other early auditory cortical areas lie on Heschl's gyrus within the Sylvian fissure. On the adjacent lateral surface of the superior temporal gyrus, the cortex processes higher order auditory information leading to auditory perception. On the ventral surface of the temporal lobe in the primate brain, there are areas that process higher order visual information leading to visual perception. These sensory‐specific auditory and visual processing regions are separated by areas that integrate multisensory information within the deep superior temporal sulcus in both the macaque monkey and human brains. In the human brain, the multisensory integration cortex expands and forms the adjacent middle temporal gyrus. The expansion of this multisensory region in the language‐dominant hemisphere of the human brain is critical for the emergence of semantic processing, namely, the processing of conceptual information that is not sensory specific but rather relies on multisensory integration.
A rare case of prostate cancer initially presented by disseminated intravascular coagulation‐related subdural hemorrhage
Authors: Shafie Mahan , Shahmohamadi Elnaz , Hadizadeh Alireza , Hasanzadeh Alireza , Gholampour Golsa , Parsa Samaneh
Published: July 2023

Background

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been reported in various solid malignancies and is a common coagulation‐related complication in prostate cancer. However, DIC has been rarely reported as the initial presentation of prostate cancer. Herein, we reported a patient referring with subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and DIC with an unexplained cause who was later diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Case Presentation

We presented a 68‐year‐old man who was referred to the hospital with a gradual deterioration of consciousness, dyspnea, and edema in the genitalia and lower limbs. His primary laboratory tests showed elevated prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and a decreased fibrinogen level of 47 mg/dL [200–400 mg/dL]. The DIC score was 7, which was suggestive of DIC. Moreover, cranial imaging showed SDH. Further work‐up revealed elevated prostate‐specific antigen and prostate enlargement with a mass effect on the bladder with a bone lesion, which was suggestive of metastatic prostate cancer.

Conclusion

This report highlights DIC as a possible initial presentation of an underlying malignancy, as well as the importance of treatment of underlying disease in the management of DIC. A comprehensive and systematic work‐up is essential for early diagnosis in patients with DIC to avoid further complications and mortality.
Does Chiral Sensitivity of a Structure Depend on the Metal Core? Alkali Ion Complexes of Cyclo(Tyr‐Tyr)
Authors: Yoshizawa Koki , Hirata Keisuke , Ishiuchi Shun‐ichi , Fujii Masaaki , Zehnacker Anne
Published: July 2023

Alkali metal complexes of cyclic dipeptide cyclo Tyr‐Tyr have been studied under cryogenic ion trap conditions. Their structure was obtained by combining Infra‐Red Photo‐Dissociation (IRPD) and quantum chemical calculations. The structural motif strongly depends on the relative chirality of the tyrosine residues. For residues of identical chirality, the cation interacts with one amide oxygen and one of the aromatic rings only; the distance between the aromatic rings does not change with the nature of the metal. In contrast, for residues of opposite chirality, the metal cation is located in between the two aromatic rings and interacts with both of them. The distance between the two aromatic rings strongly depends on the metal. Electronic spectra obtained by Ultra Violet Photodissociation (UVPD) spectroscopy and analysis of the UV photo‐fragments shed light on the excited state deactivation processes, which depend on both the chirality of the residue and that of the metal ion core. Na+ stands out by the presence of low‐lying charge transfer states resulting in the broadening of the electronic spectrum.
Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Light‐Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization
Authors: Freeburne Sarah , Hunter Brock , Bell Kirsten , Pester Christian W.
Published: July 2023

Heterogeneous photocatalysis combines the benefits of light‐mediated chemistry with that of a catalytic platform that facilitates re‐use of (often expensive) photocatalysts. This provides significant opportunities towards more economical, sustainable, safe, and user‐friendly chemical syntheses of both small and macromolecular compounds. This contribution outlines recent developments in the design of heterogenous photocatalysts and their use to mediate polymerizations. We outline four classes of heterogeneous photocatalysts in detail: Nanoparticles, conjugated and non‐conjugated polymer networks, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and functionalized solid supports.
“Win‐Win” Modification of LiCoO2 Enables Stable and Long‐Life Cycling of Sulfide‐Based All Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Lu Guozhong , Jiang Ying , Wu Xiang , Geng Fushan , Li Chao , Hu Bingwen , Shen Ming
Published: July 2023

Interfacial side reactions and space charge layers between the oxide cathode material and the sulfide solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), along with the structural degradation of the active material, significantly compromise the electrochemical performance of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSLBs). Surface coating and bulk doping of the cathodes are considered the most effective approaches to mitigate the interface issues between the cathode and SSEs and enhance the structural integrity of composite cathodes. Here, a one‐step low‐cost means is ingeniously designed to modify LiCoO2 (LCO) with heterogeneous Li2TiO3/Li(TiMg)1/2O2 surface coating and bulk gradient Mg doping. When applied in Li10GeP2S12‐based ASSLBs, the Li2TiO3 and Li(TiMg)1/2O2 coating layers effectively suppress interfacial side reactions and weaken space charge layer effect. Furthermore, gradient Mg doping stabilizes the bulk structure to mitigate the formation of spinel‐like phases during local overcharging caused by solid‐solid contact. The modified LCO cathodes exhibit excellent cycle performance with a capacity retention of 80 % after 870 cycles. This dual‐functional strategy provides the possibility for large‐scale commercial implementation of cathodes modification in sulfide based ASSLBs in the future.
Study on the Construction of Interlayer Adjustable C@MoS2 Fiber Anode by Biomass Confining and its Lithium/Sodium Storage Mechanism
Authors: Liu Yingqi , Yuan Yifan , Peng Liangkui , Cheng Lu , An Bohua , Wang Ying , Wei Qufu , Xia Xin , Zhou Huimin
Published: July 2023

Building a stable and controllable interlayer structure is the key to improving the sodium storage cycling stability and rate performance of two‐dimensional anode materials. This study explored the rich functional groups in bacterial cellulose culture medium in the way of biological self‐assembly. Mo precursors were used to produce chemical bond in bacterial cellulose culture medium, and intercalation groups are introduced to achieve MoS2 localized nucleation and in situ localized construction of carbon intercalation stable interlaminar structure, thus improving ion transport dynamics and cycle stability. In order to avoid structural irreversibility of MoS2 at low potential, an extended voltage window of 1.5–4 V was selected for lithium/sodium intercalation testing. It was found that there was a significant improvement in sodium storage capacity and stability. During the electrochemical cycling process, in‐situ Raman testing revealed that the structure of MoS2 was completely reversible, and the intensity changes of MoS2 characteristic peaks showed in‐plane vibration without involving interlayer bonding fracture. Moreover, after the lithium sodium was removed from the intercalation C@MoS2 all structures have good retention.
Modulating Electron Density of Ni‐N‐C Sites by N‐doped Ni for Industrial‐level CO2 Electroreduction in Acidic Media
Authors: Zhang Jiaji , Lin Gaobo , Zhu Jie , Wang Sifan , Zhou Wenhua , Lv Xiangzhou , Li Bolong , Wang Jianghao , Lu Xiuyang , Fu Jie
Published: July 2023

Electro‐chemically reducing CO2 in a highly acidic medium is promising for addressing the issue of carbonate accumulation. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) typically dominates the acidic CO2 reduction. Herein, we construct an efficient electro‐catalyst for CO formation based on a core‐shell structure, where nitrogen‐doped Ni nanoparticles coexist with nitrogen‐coordinated Ni single atoms. The optimal catalyst demonstrates a significantly improved CO faradaic efficiency (FE) of 96.7 % in the acidic electrolyte (pH=1) at an industrial‐scale current density of 500 mA cm−2. Notably, the optimal catalyst maintains a high FE of CO exceeding 90 % (current density=500 mA cm−2) in the electrolyte with a wide pH range from 0.67 to 14. In‐situ spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations show that the local electron density of Ni‐N‐C sites is enhanced by N‐doped Ni particles, which facilitates the formation of *COOH intermediate and the adsorption of *CO. This study demonstrates the potential of a hybrid metal/Ni‐N‐C interface in boosting acidic CO2 electro‐reduction.
Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid from Sugars over Polyoxometalate/Metal‐Organic Framework Catalysts
Authors: Zeng Di , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Yu , Wang Juxue , Cui Bingkun , Jia Taikang , Li Ruofan , Chu Hongxiang , Zhang Ling , Wang Wenzhong
Published: July 2023

Converting extensive sugars into value‐added 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has been considered to be a promising approach to developing sustainable substitutes for chemicals from fossil resources. The complicated conversion processes involved multiple cascade reactions and intermediates, which made the design of efficient multifunction catalysts challenging. Herein, we developed a catalyst by introducing phosphotungstic acid (PW) and Co sites into the UiO‐66, which achieved a one‐pot cascade conversion of fructose‐to‐FDCA with high conversion (>99 %) and yield (94.6 %) based on the controllable Lewis/Brønsted acid sites and redox sites. Controlled experiments and detailed characterizations show that the multifunctional PW/UiO(Zr, Co) catalysts successfully affords the direct synthesis of FDCA from fructose via dehydration and selective oxidation in the one‐pot reaction. Additionally, the MOF catalysts could also efficiently convert various sugars into FDCA, which has broad application prospects. This study provides new strategies for designing multifunctional catalysts to achieve efficient production of FDCA from biomass in the one‐pot reaction.
Role of scrape cytology smear preparation in the diagnosis of ovarian masses‐utility and pitfalls
Authors: Agarwal Shikha , Bohara Sangita , Luthra Sonia
Published: July 2023

Background

Scrape cytology technique is useful for rapid intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian mass lesions that acts as an adjunct to frozen section examination. Though ovaries can be accessed by laparoscopy and USG guided FNAC, there are controversial reports regarding the safety of these procedures. The present study has been designed to evaluate the role of scrape cytology in a variety of ovarian mass lesions.

Objectives

To study the cyto‐morphology of ovarian mass lesions and to evaluate the role of scrape cytology technique in correctly diagnosing the ovarian lesions taking histopathological diagnosis as gold standard.

Material and Methods

This is a prospective observational study done on 61 ovarian mass lesions as received from the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of our Institution.

Result

Out of 61 cases, 58 (95.08%) cases were correctly diagnosed with respect to categorization and typing. The age ranged from 14 to 65 years with the mean age being 38.1 years. On histopathology, out of 61 cases, 39 (63.93%) were epithelial along with sub categorization of benign, borderline, and malignant, 13 (22.9%) were germ cell tumors, 5(8.19%) were sex cord stromal tumors, 3 (4.91%) were hemorrhagic cysts and the remaining 1 (1.63%) was massive ovarian edema. Thus, on comparing with histopathology, the sensitivity and specificity of scrape cytology technique were 93.55% and 96.67%, and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.08%.

Conclusion

Scrape cytology of ovarian lesions can give quick and reliable results. Also, proper training of cytopathologists chiefly regarding the sampling technique, gross presentation of ovarian lesions and interpretation of scrape cytology smears is needed. Further studies to provide standard guidelines and reporting criteria will prove to be helpful.
Lipid peroxidation and neuroinflammation: A possible link between maternal fructose intake and delay of acquisition of neonatal reflexes in Wistar female rats
Authors: Prado Spalm Facundo H. , Cuervo Sánchez Marié L. , Furland Natalia E. , Vallés Ana S.
Published: July 2023

Fructose is a common sweetener found in the daily diet supplemented to many processed and ultra‐processed foods and beverages. Consumption of fructose‐sweetened beverages has drastically increased in the last decades and is widely associated with metabolic disease, systemic pro‐inflammatory status, and adverse transgenerational effects. To date, the impact of maternal fructose intake in brain function of the offspring is less explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was first, to investigate adverse effects in developmental milestones of the progeny of mothers with metabolic syndrome (MetS), induced by ad libitum consumption of a 20% fructose solution, and second to identify possible molecular changes in the nervous system of the newborns associated with maternal fructose intake. Wistar rats were randomly separated into two groups with access to water or fructose (20% w/v in water) for 10 weeks. After MetS was confirmed, dams were mated with control males and continued drinking water or fructose solution during gestation. At postnatal day (PN) 1, a subgroup of offspring of each sex was sacrificed and brains were dissected for oxidative stress and inflammatory status analysis. Changes in the developmental milestones due to maternal fructose consumption were studied (PN3–PN21) in another subgroup of offspring. Sexually dimorphic effects were found on the progeny's acquisition of neurodevelopmental milestones, in brain lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation, and antioxidative defensive response. Our results suggest that dams’ MetS, induced by fructose intake, disrupts brain redox homeostasis in female offspring and affects sensorimotor brain circuitry which may have a translational value for studying neurodevelopmental diseases.
ZnO‐Embedded Expanded Graphite Composite Anodes with Controlled Charge Storage Mechanism Enabling Operation of Lithium‐Ion Batteries at Ultra‐Low Temperatures
Authors: Ryu Kun , Lee Michael J. , Lee Kyungbin , Lee Seung Woo
Published: July 2023

As lithium (Li)‐ion batteries expand their applications, operating over a wide temperature range becomes increasingly important. However, the low‐temperature performance of conventional graphite anodes is severely hampered by the poor diffusion kinetics of Li ions (Li+). Here, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are incorporated into the expanded graphite to improve Li+ diffusion kinetics, resulting in a significant improvement in low‐temperature performance. The ZnO–embedded expanded graphite anodes are investigated with different amounts of ZnO to establish the structure‐charge storage mechanism‐performance relationship with a focus on low‐temperature applications. Electrochemical analysis reveals that the ZnO–embedded expanded graphite anode with nano‐sized ZnO maintains a large portion of the diffusion‐controlled charge storage mechanism at an ultra‐low temperature of −50 °C. Due to this significantly enhanced Li+ diffusion rate, a full cell with the ZnO–embedded expanded graphite anode and a LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 cathode delivers high capacities of 176 mAh g−1 at 20 °C and 86 mAh g−1 at −50 °C at a high rate of 1 C. The outstanding low‐temperature performance of the composite anode by improving the Li+ diffusion kinetics provides important scientific insights into the fundamental design principles of anodes for low‐temperature Li‐ion battery operation.
A design strategy to generate a SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD vaccine that abrogates ACE2 binding and improves neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Ratswohl Christoph , Vázquez García Clara , Ahmad Ata ul Wakeel , Gonschior Hannes , Lebedin Mikhail , Silvis Casper Ewijn , Spatt Lisa , Gerhard Cathrin , Lehmann Martin , Sander Leif E. , Kurth Florian , Olsson Simon , de la Rosa Kathrin
Published: July 2023

The structure‐based design of antigens holds promise for developing vaccines with higher efficacy and improved safety profiles. We postulate that abrogation of host receptor interaction bears potential for the improvement of vaccines by preventing antigen‐induced modification of receptor function as well as the displacement or masking of the immunogen. Antigen modifications may yet destroy epitopes crucial for antibody neutralization. Here, we present a methodology that integrates deep mutational scans to identify and score SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor binding domain variants that maintain immunogenicity, but lack interaction with the widely expressed host receptor. Single point mutations were scored in silico, validated in vitro, and applied in vivo. Our top‐scoring variant receptor binding domain‐G502E prevented spike‐induced cell‐to‐cell fusion, receptor internalization, and improved neutralizing antibody responses by 3.3‐fold in rabbit immunizations. We name our strategy BIBAX for body‐inert, B‐cell‐activating vaccines, which in the future may be applied beyond SARS‐CoV‐2 for the improvement of vaccines by design.
Progress of Prussian Blue and Its Analogues as Cathode Materials for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Yue , YuChi Ke'er , Liu Xu , Tian Shinuo , Yang Shujie , Qian Xi , Ma Bin , Fang Minghao , Liu Yan'gai , Huang Zhaohui , Min Xin
Published: July 2023

Environmental pollution and the energy crisis have promoted the development of clean energy as well as new‐generation energy storage systems. Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as a possible alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to their abundant reserves, low cost, and impressive electrochemical performance. However, the search for suitable cathode materials has become particularly crucial. Recently, Prussian blue (PB) has been investigated as a potential cathode material for PIBs, which has an open three‐dimensional framework to accommodate a large volume of potassium ions and adjustable composition for different applications. In this review, Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) and their application in PIBs were summarized detailly. We presented the composition, structure, potassium ion storage mechanism, preparation process of PBAs, and then focus on the performance optimization methods of the PBAs, including transition metal doping and conductive material adding into PBAs. Finally, the challenges as well as the outlook on the future development of PBAs were proposed for further application in this battery system.
Photoinduced Regioselective Perfluoroalkylation/Cyclization Cascade of 3‐Aza‐1,5‐Dienes: Access to Pentasubstituted 3‐Perfluoroalkyl‐1,3‐Dihydropyrrol‐2‐Ones
Authors: Yang Ruihan , Chen Danna , Lin Shiyi , Yang Xuege , Shi Lou , Chang Qiaowen , Liang Deqiang
Published: July 2023

A visible light‐induced perfluoroalkylative cyclization of 3‐aza‐1,5‐dienes leading to pentasubstituted 1,3‐dihydropyrrole‐2‐ones is presented. The reaction is regiospecific, for the radical adds across the acrylamido moiety, whereas the enaminic double bond functions as a built‐in radical trap. It could be carried out on a 2‐gram scale, and the sunlight is a usable light source. Other virtues of the protocol include a short reaction time, a low catalyst loading, mild conditions and a broad substrate scope.
The impact of shift work on pain recognition, a robust ability among intensive care nurses
Authors: Schmidt Laura , Zabelberg Sara , Schlatter Sophie , Adams Inga , Douplat Marion , Perchet Caroline , Lilot Marc , Rey Amandine Eve , Mazza Stéphanie
Published: July 2023

Background

Pain empathy is essential for high‐quality of care. The cognitive ability to identify and understand the pain in others remains underexplored in the context of hospital shift work. This study aimed to observe the early subliminal ability to detect pain in other faces and to investigate pain intensity evaluations during day and night shifts.

Methods

Twenty‐one nurses (31 ± 7 years, 20 women) from cardio‐paediatric intensive care participated in this study. Eighteen nurses completed all testing in the morning and evening hours, before and after the 12‐hour day and night shift. In the first test, the nurses had to decide if facial stimuli presented subliminally showed pain or not. During the second test, they consciously determined the intensity of the painful faces on a numerical scale. Sleep, sleepiness and empathy were also measured.

Results

Recognition accuracy and pain sensitivity remained stable over time, only sensitivity increased following the work shift (F(1,15) = 7.10, p = 0.018). Intensity ratings remained stable. Sleepiness at the end of the night shift was negatively correlated with accuracy (ρ = −0.51, p = 0.018) and positively correlated with prior night shifts (ρ = −0.50, p = 0.022).

Conclusion

The judgement of facial pain expressions seems robust across shift types, only individual factors such as sleepiness interfere with pain recognition. Pain sensitivity may be enhanced during working hours.

Significance Statement

Some professions need to know how to assess pain 24/7 and a lack of sleep can disrupt the cognitive processes necessary for this assessment. Night shifts provoke a bias in pain management, and sleep deprivation, a decrease in pain evaluation. By conducting a repeated measure study in the field that applied a different paradigm (subliminal recognition of facial cues) we add evidence to the understanding of pain recognition and the impact of sleep deprivation on the early processing of pain in others.