bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Investigation of Flow Characteristics in a Cryogenic Perforated Plate Flowmeter for Vertical Pipe Applications
Authors: Tian Yihan , Zhang Zhijian , Gao Zhaozhao , Cui Chen , Chen Liubiao , Wang Junjie
Published: December 2024

To address the research gap regarding the flow characteristics of cryogenic perforated plate flowmeters in vertical pipes and to enhance measurement reliability in challenging environments, this study investigates the flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen in a vertical pipe using a perforated plate flowmeter. Numerical simulations are performed based on an extended derivation of performance parameter formulas in the vertical direction. Various inlet Reynolds numbers, plate thicknesses, and equivalent diameter ratios are analyzed to assess their effects on key performance parameters, including the discharge coefficient, pressure loss coefficient, and stable region. The results indicate that the influence of flow direction on the performance parameters decreases with increasing Reynolds number. Downward flow is associated with smaller discharge coefficients, lower pressure loss coefficients, and reduced upper limits of Reynolds numbers in the stable region. Furthermore, the effects of gravity become more pronounced at larger thicknesses and greater equivalent diameter ratios.
Digital Twin in the Design and Dynamic Assessment of Energy Performance of Multi-Family Buildings
Authors: Rutkowski Radosław , Raczyński Miłosz , Iwańkowicz Remigiusz , Nowak Rafał
Published: December 2024

The article explores the potential of Digital Twin (DT) technology in the design and dynamic assessment of the energy performance of multi-family buildings. Traditional approaches to building energy assessment provide static data that do not account for changing operational conditions and lack continuous energy consumption-monitoring capabilities. The use of Digital Twin enables monitoring and analyzing of the building’s energy parameters at every stage of its life cycle. The article presents the application of DT technology for assessing energy performance at the conceptual stage and in the early phases of design. These parameters must meet legal requirements. Validation conducted on four multi-family buildings demonstrated high accuracy, with the average difference between predicted and actual energy performance (EP) values below 3.5%. Thanks to the DT model, it is possible to determine energy parameters already at the conceptual stage, which helps avoid costly changes in later project phases. Early determination of these parameters also allows for accurate estimation of design and investment costs. Tests of the proposed solution were conducted on several multi-family buildings, comparing preliminary data with final results. The research results show that DT technology allows for precise planning of energy performance at the conceptual and preliminary design stages. This reduces operational costs, increases energy efficiency, and better adapts buildings to changing technological and legal conditions.
Advances in Flow Control Methods for Pump-Stall Suppression: Passive and Active Approaches
Authors: Zhao Hongbo , Zhou Xiangkai , Meng Long , Zhu Xuejin , Mou Chengqi , Zhou Peijian
Published: December 2024

This article provides a comprehensive review of key approaches to suppressing stall flow in pumps, offering insights to enhance pump performance and reliability. It begins by outlining the formation mechanisms and characteristics of stalls, followed by an in-depth analysis of various stall types. The discussion highlights passive and active flow control methods, emphasizing their roles in suppressing stall phenomena. Passive flow-control strategies, including surface roughness, grooves, obstacles, fixed guide vanes, and vortex generators, are examined with a focus on their mechanisms and effectiveness in suppressing stall. Similarly, active flow-control techniques, such as jets and adjustable guide vanes, are explored for their capacity to regulate the flow field and suppress stall. The novelty of this review lies in its exploration of the effectiveness of passive and active flow-control methods in suppressing pump stall, with a focus on their mechanisms of action and the underlying principles of stall formation. The findings reveal that appropriate flow-control measures can mitigate laminar flow separation and reduce performance losses associated with stall. However, careful attention must be given to the optimal arrangement of control devices. Finally, the article highlights the limitations of current implementations of combined active and passive flow-control methods while offering insights into the future potential of advanced flow-control technologies in regard to suppressing stall.
Comparing Long-Term Power Sector Pathways in Viet Nam: A Simple Cost-Optimization Approach with OSeMOSYS
Authors: Tan Naomi , Harrison John , Howells Mark
Published: December 2024

Viet Nam is at a critical juncture in planning for its future energy mix due to its fast-growing economy and recent climate commitments. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges towards a clean energy transition in Viet Nam. Focusing on the power system, this study incorporates the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) to explore six different energy scenarios based on existing plans and proposed targets: (i) Power Development Plan VII (revised); (ii) Power Development Plan VIII (draft); (iii) Renewable Energy Development Strategy; (iv) Renewable-Led Pathway; (v) Net Zero; and (vi) Clean Efficient Transition. These scenarios assess trade-offs and synergies of policy decisions, offering insights into potential energy mix alternatives through 2050. Key findings highlight that a fossil fuel phase-out by 2050, supported by approximately 1100 PJ of solar technologies and electricity imports by 2050, aligns with climate commitments and ensures energy security. Energy-efficient technologies could also reduce electricity consumption by 20%, cutting costs and emissions by USD 18 billion and 37 Mton CO2e, respectively. Based on modelling, this study emphasizes renewable energy prioritization, energy efficiency, fossil fuel phase-out, and reinforced emission limits as recommendations to allow Viet Nam to achieve its climate goals. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment that enhances transparency and reproducibility, supporting the optimal pathway for the development of Viet Nam’s energy sector.
Multiple Osteoporotic Fractures in Cushing Syndrome: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Spyroglou Ariadni , Konstantakou Panagiota , Iliakopoulos Konstantinos , Themelidi Vasiliki , Tsekoura Dorothea , Kolomodi Denise , Kyriakopoulos Georgios , Antonakis Pantelis , Bramis Konstantinos , Chatziioannou Achilles , Mastorakos George , Konstadoulakis Manousos M. , Alexandraki Krystallenia I.
Published: December 2024

Background: Osteoporotic fractures are a common clinical sign of Cushing syndrome (CS). However, Cushing diagnosis can occur years after this clinical manifestation. Methods: Herein, we present the case of a 45-year-old woman who was referred to our department for further diagnosis and treatment. Results: The patient was already under treatment for arterial hypertension and osteoporosis and was recently diagnosed with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. She reported several previous fractures starting already 8 years before presentation. An adrenal CS was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy, with a subsequent complete remission of her hypercortisolism. This case report presenting a particularly long time gap between initial osteoporosis signs and the final diagnosis underlines the need for an investigation into secondary osteoporosis in low-energy fractures also in the peripheral skeleton. In this context, we performed a literature review, including case reports with fragility fractures that were attributed to endogenous CS. Conclusions: In summary, a delayed diagnosis of CS in patients with a previous accumulation of such fractures is a worrisome observation and should be considered in everyday clinical practice in order to improve the timely diagnosis and treatment of CS.
Review of Correlations Between Telomere Length and Metal Exposure Across Distinct Populations
Authors: Beddingfield Zachary , Ji Chao , Zarus Gregory M. , Ruiz Patricia , Faroon Obaid , Abadin Henry , Alman Breanna , Antonini James M. , Shoeb Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Telomere length (TL) predicts the onset of replicative senescence, and its shortening is a limiter on the number of divisions individual somatic cells can perform. Metal-induced genotoxic events are discussed in Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) toxicological profiles. In vivo and in vitro toxicological studies suggest the correlation between toxic metals and TL. However, the correlation between TL and exposure to toxic metals in human populations is unclear despite decades of observational research. We conducted a literature search within the ATSDR toxicological profiles and PubMed database for peer-reviewed articles as of 04/2023 discussing TL and metal exposure in human populations. Through review of the 272 publications meeting these criteria, we identified 25 observational studies that considered the correlation between TL and exposure to some or all of six metals: cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), and cesium (Cs). Because reported effect sizes were often not comparable across studies, we performed a sign test based on the reported significance for each metal–TL correlation. We found that Cd was consistently significantly correlated with shorter telomeres (p = 0.016). However, no consistent linear relationship was observed between TL and any of the other metals considered. Exploring this association can enhance our understanding of how metal exposure may influence TL dysfunction. Our findings suggest that Cd exposure contributes to shorter TL, which may affect the DNA damage response (DDR) resulting in numerous chronic health conditions. Further, we highlight inconsistencies in findings on the correlation between metal exposure and TL across different populations and exposure levels. This suggests that correlations between some metals and TL may vary across populations, and that correlations may change at different exposure levels. Also, our findings suggest the need for further research on the potential for nonlinear relationships and non-additive effects of co-exposure to multiple hazardous metals, which could explain the inconsistencies observed across studies. The inconsistent incidences of metal–TL correlations justify additional exploration into the complex interaction between metals and TL.
Analysis of Environmental Contamination by Metals Using Wood Mouse Apodemus sylvaticus Hair as a Biomonitor: An Appraisal
Authors: Canova Luca , Maraschi Federica , Profumo Antonella , Sturini Michela
Published: December 2024

This study assessed environmental metal and metalloids (TE) levels using hair of Apodemus sylvaticus as a non-lethal biomonitor. TE decreased as follows: Zn > Al > Fe > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Mn > Cd > Se > As > Hg; TE widely distributed in soils as Zn, Al, Fe, and Cu, are more abundant than those of ecotoxicological interest, such as Cd, Se, As and Hg. Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr concentrations are highly variable, while Zn, Fe, and Mn are less variable. TE in hair are below the threshold levels in soil and decrease the same way in both sexes. Concentrations in soil and hair are significantly related, and their level can be modulated both by homeostatic control of essential metals and absorbance from the soil by keratin. Slight differences in Ni and Cr can be related to the differing behaviour of males and females during reproduction. A scarce tendency toward mercury bioaccumulation has been observed in both sex and age classes; from an ecological point of view, these data suggest that the species is a primary consumer, feeding more on the leaves and seeds than on small invertebrates.
National Park Double Boundary Delimitation: A Synergy-Based Approach Integrating Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services—An Example of Proposed Ailaoshan–Wuliangshan National Parks in China
Authors: Ge Mengxiao , Liu Junze , Qi Jun
Published: December 2024

The demarcation of national park boundaries is crucial for comprehensive planning, effective management, and maintaining the integrity of ecosystems and biodiversity. This research uses the proposed ‘Ailaoshan–Wuliangshan’ National Park (AWNP) in Yunnan Province, China, as the study area and adheres to the principles of systematic conservation planning (SCP). It employs the Marxan 2.43, MaxEnt 3.4.4, and InVEST 3.14.2 models to predict suitable distribution areas for key endangered species within the AWNP, identifies core ecological source areas, priority conservation areas, and conservation gaps, and constructs a double boundary protection framework. The study’s findings indicate that the potentially suitable habitats for the major rare and endangered species, as predicted by the MaxEnt model, are predominantly located in the Ailaoshan and Wuliangshan areas, with a smaller portion distributed in the Konglonghe area. The InVEST model assessment of habitat quality revealed that the total area of the core ecological source areas is 4775.26 km2, accounting for 35.34% of the total study area. The Marxan model identified a total area of 1064.22 km2 as priority conservation areas, constituting 7.90% of the total study area. Additionally, it revealed conservation gaps of 302.1 km2, which represent 2.20% of the total area. Ultimately, by integrating biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services, the boundaries of the AWNP were optimized into a double boundary delineation model: the inner boundary, characterized by rigid control, spans an area of 1076.20 km2, while the outer boundary, characterized by elastic management, covers an area of 3056.92 km2. Corresponding management recommendations are proposed for the different areas. The double boundary delineation method proposed in this study can, to a certain extent, reconcile the conflict between biodiversity conservation and resource utilization, providing an appropriate reference for the demarcation and dynamic management of national park boundaries in China.
Synergetic Effect of Accentuated Cut Edges (ACE) and Macerating Enzymes on Aroma and Sensory Profiles of Marquette Red Wine
Authors: Cheng Yiliang , Watrelot Aude A.
Published: December 2024

This research explored the effects of using Accentuated Cut Edges (ACE) and macerating enzymes on the aroma and sensory profile of Marquette red wines after nine months of aging. The aroma analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The intensity of basic sensory attributes, including color, aroma, taste, and mouthfeel, were evaluated by eight trained panelists through descriptive analysis using 15 cm line scales. ACE treatment affected the aroma compounds profile, as suggested by the increased response ratio of ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, and ethyl 3-methylbutanoate. Statistically, it significantly intensified honey (by 1.6 times) and green apple (by 2.1 times) notes, as perceived by panelists, compared to the control during the sensory descriptive analysis. Regardless of the type of enzymes, combined ACE and enzymes treatment amplified the color intensity of wine by up to 71.4% as observed by panelists, though this was not captured by spectrophotometric measurements (p > 0.05) from the previous study. A lower concentration of ester-derived compounds was found in ACE with enzymes wines, which was associated with the lower intensity of fruity notes during the descriptive analysis. Notably, none of the treatments affected astringency perception, likely due to the low concentration and small molecular weight of condensed tannins, alongside changes in the composition of soluble polysaccharide in Marquette red wines.
Effect of Combining Fungal and Flame-Retardant Coatings on the Thermal Degradation of Spruce and Beech Wood Under Flame Loading
Authors: Leitner Bohuš , Gašpercová Stanislava , Marková Iveta , Tureková Ivana
Published: December 2024

Compliance with fire safety standards for wood is crucial for its application in the internal applications of buildings. This article focuses on monitoring the quality of protective coatings for wood under thermal loading conditions. The examined samples of spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) were treated with selected fungicidal coatings based on dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride. Following this, they were soaked in a ferric phosphate-based flame-retardant solution. Additionally, a portion of the samples was treated solely with the flame retardant. The effectiveness of the protective coatings was assessed through experimental thermal loading of the prepared samples. The testing method adhered to according to selected standards, which evaluate the ignitability of building materials when subjected to a small flame source. The experimental results, including the mass loss, mass loss rate, and time–temperature curves of the thermally loaded samples, demonstrated a significant influence of the selected coatings on thermal degradation. Notably, the fungicidal coating exhibited protective properties. Samples treated only with the flame retardant showed higher mass losses compared to those treated first with the fungicidal coating followed by the retardant. Additionally, differences were observed between the wood types, with beech samples exhibiting greater mass losses and higher mass loss rates than spruce.
Personality Fuels the Fire: Predicting Firefighter Physical Readiness
Authors: Chizewski Annmarie , Petruzzello Steven J.
Published: December 2024

Many firefighters have inadequate levels of physical fitness which can impair firefighting performance. Understanding the factors that influence exercise and fitness behaviors could help identify those less likely to stay physically fit. Methods: A sample (N = 45) of male recruit firefighters were assessed during weeks 1 and 7 of a state firefighter academy. Measures included cardiovascular fitness, muscular fitness, performance on firefighter ability tasks, exercise intensity preference/tolerance, and extraversion. Results: Exercise intensity preference was directly related to physical fitness, which in turn was directly related to firefighter ability. Regression analyses showed that exercise intensity preference predicted variance in firefighter ability, and this relationship was statistically mediated by physical fitness levels. Firefighters with higher exercise intensity preference tended to have better physical fitness, which was associated with superior performance on firefighter tasks. Conclusions: These findings suggest that firefighters’ exercise intensity preferences play a key role in their physical fitness and, ultimately, their firefighting abilities. Assessing recruits’ exercise intensity preferences could help identify those who may struggle to maintain fitness, allowing for targeted interventions. Improving firefighters’ exercise intensity preference may be an effective strategy for enhancing their physical capabilities and job performance.
Targeting Odorant Receptors in Adipose Tissue with Food-Derived Odorants: A Novel Approach to Obesity Treatment
Authors: Guo Jingya , Kang Seong-Gook , Huang Kunlun , Tong Tao
Published: December 2024

Odorant receptors (ORs) have long been thought to serve as chemosensors located on the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium, where they recognize odorant molecules and comprise the largest family of seven transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Over the last three decades, accumulating evidence has suggested that ORs are distributed in a variety of peripheral tissues beyond their supposed typical tissue expression in the olfactory epithelium. These ectopic ORs play a role in regulating various cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological phenomena in the body, such as regulation of hypertension, hepatic glucose production, cancer development, and chronic skin disease. Adipose tissue, the key organ in regulating obesity and energy metabolism, has been reported to take advantage of ectopic OR-mediated signaling. In this review, we summarize and provide an in-depth analysis of the current research on the key biological functions of adipose tissue ORs in response to food-derived odorants, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying their activity.
Enhanced Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Curcumin from Transglutaminase Cross-Linked Mulberry Leaf Protein-Stabilized High-Internal-Phase Pickering Emulsion: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Xie Yingshan , Li Hongyan , Deng Zeyuan , Yu Yanfang , Zhang Bing
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to formulate Pickering emulsions stabilized by transglutaminase cross-linked mulberry leaf protein (TG-MLP) nanoparticles as a delivery system for curcumin (Cur) and to assess its bioaccessibility both in vivo and in vitro. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in high-internal-phase Pickering emulsions (HIPEs) prepared at pH 10 with a 20 mg/mL concentration of TG-MLP reached 93%. Compared to Oil-Cur, Cur-HIPEs exhibited superior antioxidant activity. Furthermore, Cur-HIPEs demonstrated enhanced stability against ultraviolet irradiation, storage under dark and visible light, and heating, in contrast to Oil-Cur. Among the various conditions tested, HIPEs stabilized by TG-MLP nanoparticles at an ionic strength of 1000 mM offered the most effective protection for curcumin. Moreover, TG-MLP nanoparticles at pH 8 provided better stability for the formulated HIPEs compared to those at pH 6 and 10. During simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the bioaccessibility of curcumin in Cur-HIPEs was significantly increased to 30.1% compared to Oil-Cur. In murine studies, higher levels of curcumin were detected in the stomach, small intestine, rectum, ileum, and feces following administration of Cur-HIPEs, indicating improved protection, absorption, and potential biological activity during digestion. Consequently, HIPEs offer excellent protection and delivery for curcumin during digestion.
Unveiling the Essence of Gastronomy: A Data-Driven Exploration of Culinary Expertise in the Nordic Region
Authors: Cordeiro Cheryl Marie , Lindström Nataliya Berbyuk
Published: December 2024

The science of gastronomy is a context-sensitive and qualitative application of human knowledge. While qualitative content analysis is a widely recognized research method, it is time-consuming, and its results heavily depend on the analyst’s expertise. This study addresses these challenges by employing automated content analysis (ACA), including tools like VOSViewer and AntConc, alongside qualitative methods from systemic functional linguistics (SFL). By analyzing 25 interviews with various professionals in gastronomy, the research aims to reduce subjectivity in interpreting data and uncover the essence of being a gastronomic chef. The findings highlight the complexity of a chef’s role, emphasizing creativity, collaboration, and innovation as key factors in delivering exceptional service and crafting the ultimate dining experience. Understanding a chef’s knowledge is crucial for enhancing service quality and comprehending consumer behavior, which is vital for service development.
Polysaccharide-Based Drug Carriers—A Patent Analysis
Authors: Ilić-Stojanović Snežana , Damiri Fouad , Musuc Adina Magdalena , Berrada Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Polysaccharide-based carriers as biomaterials for drug delivery have been inspiring scientists for years due to their exceptional characteristics, such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and degradability, as they are able to protect pharmaceutically active molecules and provide their controlled/modified release. This review focuses on selected drug delivery systems based on natural polymers, namely fucoidan, pullulan, dextran, and pectin, with the aim of highlighting published patent documents. The information contained in patents is very important because it is usually not published in any other document and is much less discussed as the state of the art in the scientific literature. The Espacenet—European Patent Office database and the International Patent Classification were used for the research to highlight the specific search procedure. The presented analysis of the innovative state of the art includes an overview from the first patent applications to the latest granted patents in this field.
A Comparison of the Electrical Properties of Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Supercapacitors: A Review of Advances in Electrolyte Materials
Authors: Behzadi Pour Ghobad , Nazarpour Fard Hamed , Fekri Aval Leila
Published: December 2024

Flexible solid-state-based supercapacitors are in demand for the soft components used in electronics. The increased attention paid toward solid-state electrolytes could be due to their advantages, including no leakage, special separators, and improved safety. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are preferred in the energy storage field, likely owing to their safety, lack of leakage, and compatibility with various separators as well as their higher ionic conductivity (IC) than traditional solid electrolytes. This review covers the classification, properties, and configurations of different GPE-based supercapacitors and recent advancements that have occurred in this area of energy storage. Ionic liquid (IL)-based materials are popular GPEs for electrochemical energy storage and can be used to prepare unprecedented flexible supercapacitors due to their great IC and wide potential range. A comparative assessment of the GPEs-based supercapacitors reveals that in a majority of them, the value of specific capacitance is generally under 1000 F g−1, energy density reaches around 125 Wh kg−1, and the power density is seen to be less than 1500 W kg−1. The results of this research serve as an essential reference for upcoming scholars, and could significantly improve our comprehension of the efficacy of GPE-containing supercapacitors.
Clarifying the Actual Situation of Old-Old Adults with Unknown Health Conditions and Those Indifferent to Health Using the National Health Insurance Database (KDB) System
Authors: Kitamura Mio , Goto Takaharu , Ichikawa Tetsuo , Shirayama Yasuhiko
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the actual situation of individuals with unknown health conditions (UHCs) and those indifferent to health (IH) among old-old adults (OOAs) aged 75 years and above using the National Health Insurance Database (KDB) system. Methods: A total of 102 individuals with no history of medical examinations were selected from the KDB system in a city in Japan. Data were collected through home visit interviews and blood pressure monitors distributed by public health nurses (PHNs) from Community Comprehensive Support Centers (CCSCs). The collected data included personal attributes, health concern levels, and responses to a 15-item OOA questionnaire. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven PHNs. The control group consisted of 76 users of the “Kayoinoba” service (Kayoinoba users: KUs). Results: Of the 83 individuals who could be interviewed, 50 (49.0%) were classified as UHCs and 11 (10.8%) were classified as IH, including 5 from the low health concern group and 6 who refused to participate. In the word cloud generated from the PHNs’ interviews, the words and phrases “community welfare commissioner”, “community development”, “blood pressure monitor”, “troublesome”, “suspicious”, and “young” were highlighted. In the comparison of health assessments between UHCs and KUs, “body weight loss” and “cognitive function” were more prevalent among KUs, and “smoking” and “social participation” were more prevalent among UHCs. Conclusions: The home visit activities of CCSCs utilizing the KDB system may contribute to an understanding of the actual situation of UHCs, including IHs, among OOAs. UHCs (including patients with IH status) had a higher proportion of risk factors related to smoking and lower social participation than KUs.
Navigating Sensitive Conversations: Patient-Centered Communication and Politeness Markers in Chinese Online Medical Consultations
Authors: Wang Yidi , Yang Xiaoya , Liu Jiaying
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In China, discussing sexual and reproductive health remains taboo, often preventing patients from seeking care or advice on sensitive topics. Online medical consultations (OMCs) offer a unique platform for patients to discuss these concerns more openly. This study investigates how patient-centered communication (PCC) practices, including conversational themes and the use of politeness markers, influence patient satisfaction in Chinese OMCs, with a focus on sensitive gynecology and andrology topics. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach, including theme-oriented discourse analysis (TODA) and content analysis on 328 OMCs (179 in andrology, 149 in gynecology) collected from Dr. Chunyu, a popular Chinese online healthcare platform that provides medical consultations, from 19 to 22 March 2022. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess the influence of politeness markers on patient satisfaction, while TODA examined PCC practices in sensitive conversations. Results: TODA identified two key themes in PCC that enhanced patient satisfaction: normalizing sensitive health concerns and fostering collaborative decision-making. Politeness markers, specifically the use of polite words and expressions of best wishes, were positively associated with patient satisfaction. However, downtoners, emojis, and sentence-final particles showed no significant effect. There were no significant differences in the impact of politeness markers between gynecology and andrology consultations. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of PCC and politeness markers in improving patient satisfaction in OMCs, especially when addressing sensitive sexual health topics.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Hotspots in Oliver Reginald Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Faye Lindiwe Modest , Hosu Mojisola Clara , Apalata Teke
Published: December 2024

Background: The global push to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) as a public health threat is increasingly urgent, particularly in high-burden areas like the Oliver Reginald Tambo District Municipality, South Africa. Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) poses a significant challenge to TB control efforts and is a leading cause of TB-related deaths. This study aimed to assess DR-TB transmission patterns and predict future cases using geospatial and predictive modeling techniques. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted across five decentralized DR-TB facilities in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality from January 2018 to December 2020. Data were obtained from Statistics South Africa, and patient GPS coordinates were used to identify clusters of DR-TB cases via DBSCAN clustering. Hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi) was performed, and two predictive models (Linear Regression and Random Forest) were developed to estimate future DR-TB cases. Analyses were conducted using Python 3.8 and R 4.1.1, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 456 patients with DR-TB were enrolled, with 56.1% males and 43.9% females. The mean age was 37.5 (±14.9) years. The incidence of DR-TB was 11.89 cases per 100,000 population, with males being disproportionately affected. Key risk factors included poverty, lack of education, and occupational exposure. The DR-TB types included RR-TB (60%), MDR-TB (30%), Pre-XDR-TB (5%), XDR-TB (3%), and INHR-TB (2%). Spatial analysis revealed significant clustering in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. A major cluster was identified, along with a distinct outlier. The analyses of DR-TB case trends using historical data (2018–2021) and projections (2022–2026) from Linear Regression and Random Forest models reveal historical data with a sharp decline in DR-TB case, from 186 in 2018 to 15 in 2021, highlighting substantial progress. The Linear Regression model predicts a continued decline to zero cases by 2026, with an R2 = 0.865, a mean squared error (MSE) of 507.175, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 18.65. Conversely, the Random Forest model forecasts stabilization to around 30–50 cases annually after 2021, achieving an R2 = 0.882, an MSE of 443.226, and an MAE of 19.03. These models underscore the importance of adaptive strategies to sustain progress and avoid plateauing in DR-TB reduction efforts. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for targeted interventions in vulnerable populations to curb DR-TB transmission and improve treatment outcomes.
Correction: Diniz et al. The Interaction between Education and Sex with Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two Brazilian Cities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 804
Authors: Diniz Amanda Popolino , Mendonça Raquel de Deus , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: December 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Promoting Maternal Health in the Postpartum Period to Advance Birth Equity
Authors: Levisohn Ariella , Nsiah-Jefferson Laurie , Dieujuste Colette , Heelan-Fancher Lisa
Published: December 2024

Black birthing people experience lower rates of postpartum follow-up care. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with postpartum follow-up care and explore suggestions for improving the quality and experience of care during the postpartum period. A survey was conducted among Black birthing people in the Boston area who had delivered an infant within two years of the study. Our survey comprised the Jackson, Hogue, Phillips Contextualized Stress Measure (JHPCSM), the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool (PKPCT), and demographic questions. One hundred and twenty-one self-identified Black birthing people completed the survey. One-third of participants did not attend their postpartum appointment. Those with public insurance, an educational level of less than a college degree, or were working outside the home were significantly less likely to have a postpartum follow-up visit. Participants who attended postpartum visits had higher scores on the JHPCSM (lower stress) and PKPCT. Inability to take time off from work, COVID-19 concerns, and lack of childcare were the most frequently reported barriers to attending appointments. There is a need for better institutional and policy support for Black parents in the postpartum period.
Social Media Influencers, Health Literacy, and Food Literacy: A Correlational Study Among Adolescents
Authors: Sercu Lies
Published: December 2024

Social media influencers (SMIs) have emerged as a significant alternative source of health-related information for adolescents, apart from their parents, doctors, and schools. It is yet to be determined whether adolescents’ use of social media influencers leads to a deterioration or an improvement of their overall health literacy and food literacy. This study (N = 509), for one thing, investigated adolescents’ health literacy (using the MOHLAA-Q), food literacy (using the SFLQ), and use of social media influencers as sources of information on healthy lifestyles (mapped through self-report questions). For another, it studied whether correlations appear to exist between SMI use, health literacy, and food literacy. The results show that the more frequently adolescents use SMIs as sources of information, the better their health literacy and food literacy are. Consequently, health promotors, such as schools and healthcare professionals, should use the channels adolescents use to enhance their critical health and food literacy, and ultimately their health.
Transcriptional Activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Genes and Their Receptors in Patients with Varying Degrees of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Potyka Katarzyna , Dąbek Józefa
Published: December 2024

Coronary artery disease and its complications are one of the most common causes of morbidity and death worldwide. The aims of this study were to assess the transcriptional activity of the studied TNF-α genes and their receptors in patients with various degrees of coronary artery disease and in the control group, as well as to attempt to link it with the size of the left ventricular ejection fraction and the number of diseased coronary arteries. Taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 240 people (100%) qualified for this study. For proper interpretation of the results of the molecular analyzes, the study group (240, 100%) was divided into a control group (C: n = 60; 25%), a group of patients with early coronary artery disease (W: n = 60; 25%), a group with stable coronary artery disease (S: n = 60; 25%), and a group of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS: n = 60; 25%). The transcriptional activity of the TNF-α genes and their receptors was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of the studied genes was inferred from the number of mRNA copies per 1 ug of total RNA. The analysis of the obtained results showed a significant increase in the transcriptional activity of the TNF-α gene with the severity of coronary artery disease, accompanied by a decrease in the activity of its receptor genes. Taking into account the number of affected coronary arteries and the size of the ejection fraction in the examined patients, there were no statistically significant differences in the transcriptional activity of the TNF-α receptor gene type I and II. The observed increase in the transcriptional activity of the TNF-α gene with a concomitant decrease in the activity of its receptor genes with the advancement of coronary artery disease, compared to the control group, may indicate their significant participation in the development and progression of the disease and constitute a useful marker in non-invasive, early diagnostics. In the patients of the study group, no changes in the transcriptional activity of the TNF-α genes and their receptors were demonstrated depending on the number of diseased coronary arteries and the size of the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.
The Role of ETNPPL in Dopaminergic Neuron Stability: Insights from Neuromelanin-Associated Protein Expression in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Schillaci Francesca A. , Lanza Giuseppe , Salluzzo Maria Grazia , L’Episcopo Francesca , Ferri Raffaele , Salemi Michele
Published: December 2024

More than six million people worldwide are affected by Parkinson’s disease (PD), a multifactorial disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Several immunohistochemical studies suggest that neuromelanin (NM), found in these neurons, plays a key role in their degeneration. In this study, twelve formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) brain sections were analyzed, comprising six samples from PD patients and six from healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to assess the expression of the ETNPPL protein in these samples. ETNPPL was detected in both PD and control samples. Additionally, we examined the expression of ETNPPL mRNA using Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the same sample set. Notably, in control samples, ETNPPL protein was closely associated with the dark NM pigment in the cytoplasm of SNc dopaminergic neurons. In contrast, PD samples showed weak cytoplasmic expression of ETNPPL, with no association with the NM pigment. No nuclear ETNPPL signal was detected in dopaminergic neurons from either PD patients or controls. qRT-PCR results revealed lower ETNPPL mRNA expression in individual PD patients compared to controls. Importantly, we observed a higher concentration of ETNPPL protein at the NM level in the SNc neurons of controls, consistent with mRNA expression patterns. These findings suggest a potential role for ETNPPL in the normal function of dopaminergic neurons and underscore its altered expression in Parkinson’s disease.
Shedding New Light on the Hull-Pericarp Adhesion Mechanisms of Barley Grains by Transcriptomics Analysis of Isogenic NUD1 and nud1 Lines
Authors: Gerasimova Sophia V. , Korotkova Anna M. , Rodrigues Tamires de S. , Vikhorev Alexander , Kolosovskaya Ekaterina V. , Vasiliev Gennady V. , Melzer Michael , Hertig Christian W. , Kumlehn Jochen , Khlestkina Elena K.
Published: December 2024

In barley having adherent hulls, an irreversible connection between the pericarp with both palea and lemma is formed during grain maturation. A mutation in the NUDUM 1 (NUD1) gene prevents this connection and leads to the formation of barley with non-adherent hulls. A genetic model of two isogenic lines was used to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of hull adhesion: a doubled haploid line having adherent hulls and its derivative with non-adherent hulls obtained by targeted mutagenesis of the NUD1 gene. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of the grain coats was performed at two stages of development: the milk stage, when the hulls can still be easily detached from the pericarp, and the dough stage when the hull adhesion process occurs. It was shown that the main differences in the transcriptomes lie in the genes related to DNA replication and chromatin assembly, cell wall organization, and cuticle formation. Meanwhile, genes involved in lipid biosynthesis mostly show minor differences in expression between stages and genotypes and represent a limited set of active genes. Among the 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) genes active during grain development, candidates for key enzymes responsible for very long-chain fatty acid elongation were identified.
Selection for Resilience in Livestock Production Systems
Authors: Laghouaouta Houda , Fraile Lorenzo J. , Pena Ramona N.
Published: December 2024

Selective breeding for improved animal resilience is becoming critical to increase the sustainability of production systems. Despite the existence of a genetic component for resilience, breeding for improved resilience has been limited by the absence of a consensus on its definition and quantifying method. In this work, we provide a review of (i) the definition of resilience and related concepts such as robustness, resistance, and tolerance; (ii) possible quantifying methods for resilience; (iii) its genetic background; and (iv) insights about its improvement through selective breeding. We suggest that a resilient animal may be defined as an individual that is able to cope with a perturbation(s) and rapidly bounce back to normal functioning if altered. Furthermore, since challenging conditions lead to trade-offs and, consequently, deviations between basic physiological functions, we suggest using these deviations as indicators for resilience. These resilience indicators may also be used as proxies to study the genetic determinism and background of resilience in livestock species. Finally, we discuss possible strategies to improve resilience and review the implementation of associated genetic markers for resilience indicators in selection schemes.
Macrophage-like Blood Cells Are Involved in Inter-Tissue Communication to Activate JAK/STAT Signaling, Inducing Antitumor Turandot Proteins in Drosophila Fat Body via the TNF-JNK Pathway
Authors: Kinoshita Juri , Kinoshita Yuriko , Nomura Tadashi , Inoue Yoshihiro H.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Turandot (Tot) family proteins, which are induced via the JAK/STAT pathway after infection, also suppress lymph gland tumors in Drosophila mxcmbn1 mutant larvae. We investigated the potential role of hemocytes in Tot induction in tumor-bearing mutants via immunostaining and RNAi experiments. Normal hemocytes transplanted into mutant larvae were recruited to the tumor and fat body (FB), suggesting that these cells transmit tumor-related information. The transplanted hemocytes ectopically expressed Unpaired3 (Upd3), which is necessary for the activation of JAK/STAT. Eiger, a Drosophila tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ortholog, was highly expressed in tumors. Depletion of the Eiger receptor in hemocytes reduced Tot levels and eventually enhanced tumor growth. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, acting downstream of the receptor, was also activated in the hemocytes of mutants. Downregulation of the JNK pathway in hemocytes inhibited Tot induction, leading to enhanced tumor growth. These results suggest that upd3 expression in hemocytes depends on the Eiger–JNK pathway. We propose that after Eiger activates the JNK pathway in hemocytes present on the tumor, cells expressing Upd3 are recruited to the FB. Upd3 then activates JAK/STAT to induce the expression of antitumor proteins. This study highlights the intricate communication between tissues via blood cells during tumor suppression.
Is There a Relationship Between Prenatal Dexamethasone and Postnatal Fructose Overexposure and Testicular Development, Function, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Rats?
Authors: Ristić Nataša , Borković-Mitić Slavica , Manojlović-Stojanoski Milica , Nestorović Nataša , Filipović Branko , Šošić-Jurjević Branka , Trifunović Svetlana , Mitić Bojan , Čukuranović-Kokoris Jovana , Pavlović Slađan
Published: December 2024

Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure alters the developmental program of fetal reproductive organs and results in numerous changes that can lead to various disorders later in life. Moderate fructose consumption during childhood and adolescence may impair the development and function of reproductive organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal dexamethasone (Dx) exposure in combination with postnatal fructose overconsumption on testicular development and function in fetal and adult male rat offspring. Pregnant female rats were treated with a subcutaneous injection of Dx at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day on gestation days 16, 17, and 18, and the effects on fetal growth and testicular development were analyzed. Spontaneously born male offspring were fed 10% fructose in drinking water until the age of 3 months. Prenatal exposure to Dx led to a reduction in fetal weight and testicular volume. However, testicular development normalized by adulthood, with testosterone levels decreasing. After moderate fructose consumption, impaired redox homeostasis and structural changes in the testicles and decreased testosterone levels were observed, indicating reduced testicular function. The results suggest that the synergistic effect of prenatal Dx exposure and moderate postnatal fructose consumption leads to more deleterious changes in testicular tissue.