bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in the prevalence of online behaviors in adolescents in the southern regions of siberia
Authors: Semenova N. , L L. Evert , Kostyuchenko Y. , Tereshchenko S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

An urgent problem all over the world is the growing number of adolescents with maladaptive (Internet addicted) Internet use.

Objectives

To study the prevalence of various types of online behavior in adolescents in the southern regions of Siberia (Caucasians and Mongoloids).

Methods

4351 adolescents aged 12-18 in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the city of Abakan (Republic of Khakassia) were surveyed. Ethnicity is determined by the nationality of the mother. Online behavior was studied using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS): adaptive internet use (API) – 27-42 points, non-adaptive (NPI) – 43-64 points and pathological (PPI) ≥ 65 points. The indicators were compared in 2 groups: Caucasians and Mongoloids. The program “Statistica 12” was used, the percentage of the share, the significance of the differences (p) and the values of the Pearson χ2 test were indicated.

Results

Caucasians by their mothers accounted for 3663 (84.2%) and the share of Mongoloids reached 688 (15.8%). AIP was recorded in 44.0% of Caucasians and 7.9% of Mongoloids (p <0.0001; χ2 = 1474.99), NPI was recorded in 34.7% of Caucasians and 6.2% of Mongoloids (p <0.0001; χ2 = 1084.65), PPI was found in 5.5% of Caucasians and 1.7% of Mongoloids (p <0.0001; χ2 = 90.49).

Conclusions

Ethnic features of the prevalence of online behavior in adolescents in the southern regions of Siberia include a higher frequency of NPI and PPI in Caucasians compared to Mongoloids. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-22032\18.

Conflict of interest

The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-22032\18.
Impact of cannabis consumption on the course of bipolar disorder
Authors: Brahim S. , Aoun M.H. , Boukhchina R. , Frej S. Ben , Henia M. , Zarrouk L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Although one third of patients with Bipolar Disorder have an addiction to Cannabis or an abused consumption, the interaction between cannabis use and bipolar disorder remains controversial.

Objectives

To evaluate the use of cannabis among patients with Bipolar Disorder and to compare the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics between patients who are consumers and non-consumers.

Methods

This is a retrospective, descriptive study including all patients treated for type I bipolar disorder in the psychiatric department of Tahar Sfar Hospital of Mahdia (Tunisia). In addition to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, we collected data on cannabis use (age at first consumption and frequency of consumption).

Results

Our study population consisted of 84 male patients followed for bipolar I disorder. The mean age was 36.8 ± 11.3 years. Among these patients, 23 (27.8%) had regular cannabis use. The average age at first consumption was 21.6 ± 7.2 years. Bipolar patients with regular cannabis consumption had an earlier age of onset of the disorder (p = 0.02). They had higher numbers of manic episodes (p = 0.05), higher number of manic episodes with severe intensity (p = 0.04), higher number of manic episodes with mixed characteristics(p = 0.04), a higher number of hospitalizations (p = 0.01) with longer hospital stays (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Cannabis use among patients with type 1 bipolar disorder is associated with an unfavorable course of the disorder. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of this comorbidity seem to be essential for improving the prognosis of bipolar disorder.
Polysomnographic parameters as early as one week after detoxification could predict risk of relapse among detoxified opiates misuse patients over six months follow up period
Authors: Rady A. , Mekky J. , Elsheshai A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Protracted abstinence syndrome represent group of attenuated psyc that lead to a persistant sense of discomfort among misuse patients after detoxification and may last for some months.Poor sleep in terms of duration and quality is one of the major symptoms of protracted abstinence syndrome

Objectives

To assess polysomnography parameters as potential risk for relapse over six months

Methods

60 male patients with heroin misuse according to DSM V have been recruited immediately after detoxification phase, they were not receiving other psychactive substances or medications, polysomnography was done in the second week after detoxification to allow washout of medications used during detoxification and then a monthly sleep assessment through sleep diary and daytime sleepiness using visual analogue scale. Relapse was prooved through urine test.

Results

Sample contained 60 male patients with heroin misuse disorder, detoxified successfully with a mean age 35.47±7.32 and addiction severity index total score 3.21±0.22, polysomnography was done to all sample patients one week after detoxification, 20% relapsed by the third month, rising to 30% by the six month. NREM stages I and II, both limb movement and arousal indices showed significant differnce between relapsed and non-relapsed patients.

Conclusions

Sleep disturbance is common among detoxified heroin misuse patients. Polysomnographic parameters such as percentage of NREM I and I, arousal index and limb mouvement index can potentially predict future relpase over six month follow up period.
A comparison of the existential and medical models of addiction
Authors: Grech G.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

After developing an existential model of addiction, it became evident that there are major differences between the existential and medical models of addiction.

Objectives

This research aims to investigate the boundary and overlap between the existential and medical models of addiction.

Methods

The existential model was compared and contrasted with a narrative literature review of the medical model of addiction.

Results

Through the existential definition being-with-drug, addiction is conceptualised in terms of a relationship with the drug and the impact on one’s sense of self. The medical model focuses on diagnostic criteria, genetic and environmental risk and protective factors, and an underlying neurobiological explanation. In contrast to the prevalent disease model, the existential view maintains that drug addiction is a coping mechanism used to mitigate existential and neurotic anxiety which results from facing or avoiding the existential givens. Phenomenological research supporting existential psychotherapy in addiction is contrasted with the quantitative medical research which forms the basis for current addiction guidelines. A comparison of both models is presented focusing on the issues of coping, choice, responsibility, mandatory treatment, medication, psychotherapy and the therapeutic relationship. The biopsychosocial model is compared to van Deurzen’s modes of existence, which provides the basis for existential psychotherapeutic interventions. Furthermore, existential literature was examined to determine whether an individual can authentically choose to live addicted.

Conclusions

Both models fall short of giving a holistic view of addiction. A combination of models is necessary to address the diversity of issues patients present with.
Children with computer game addiction have weakness in sustained attention
Authors: Kiseleva N. , Kiselev S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Various digital technologies are increasingly being introduced into the everyday life of children. There are evidences that digital addiction has negative effect on cognitive functions of children. What kind of specific effect does this new “digital environment” have for children?

Objectives

The goal of this research is to check the hypothesis that 7-year-old children with computer game addiction have weakness in sustained attention.

Methods

We used questionnaire for parents to reveal children with computer game addiction. Experimental group consisted of 28 7-year-old children with computer game addiction. Control group consisted of 28 children without computer game addiction. Children from experimental and control group were matched for gender and IQ. To assess the sustained attention we used subtest from Luria’s child neuropsychological battery. This subtest is designed to assess visual sustained attention.

Results

One-way ANOVAs by group revealed significant differences (p≤0,05) between the groups in the level of visual sustained attention.

Conclusions

It can be assumed that computer game addiction has negative effect on the development of visual sustained attention in children. However, we need to do additional research to approve this preliminary results.
Impact of body-oriented therapy on executive abilities in children with computer game addiction
Authors: Kiseleva N. , Kiselev S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It is known that children with computer game addiction have a risk for development of deficit in executive abilities. It is important to develop effective approaches for helping children with this addiction.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to reveal effect of body-oriented therapy on executive abilities in children with computer game addiction. Particularly we compared the efficacy of two methods of treatment (body-oriented therapy for children vs. conventional motor exercises) in a randomized controlled pilot study.

Methods

16 7-year-old children with computer game addiction were included and randomly assigned to treatment conditions according to a 2×2 cross-over design. The body-oriented therapy included the exercises from yoga and breathing techniques. To assess the executive functions and attention in children we used 5 subtests from NEPSY (Tower, Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue, Design Fluency). Effects of treatment were analyzed by means of an ANOVA for repeated measurements.

Results

The ANOVA has revealed (p<.05) that for all 5 subtests on executive functions and attention the body-oriented therapy was superior to the conventional motor training, with effect sizes in the medium-to-high range (0.42-0.80).

Conclusions

The findings from this pilot study suggest that body-oriented therapy can effectively influence the executive abilities in children with computer game addiction. However, it is necessary to do further research into the impact of body-oriented therapies on children with this addiction.
Relationship between computer game addiction and low mood in children
Authors: Kiseleva N. , Kiselev S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Children with computer game addiction have a risk for development of deficit in mental functions. What kind of specific effect does this new “digital environment” have for children?

Objectives

The goal of this research is to check the hypothesis that there is relationship between computer game addiction and low mood in 8-year-old children.

Methods

We used questionnaire for parents to reveal children with computer game addiction. Experimental group consisted of 24 8-year-old children with computer game addiction. Control group consisted of 24 children without computer game addiction. The children from experimental and control group were matched for gender. We used Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) for assessment of separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and low mood (major depressive disorder) in children (Child Self-Reported).

Results

Spearman correlation analysis has revealed the significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between level of computer game addiction and low mood in children. However, we did not find the correlation between level of computer game addiction and other scales of RCADS.

Conclusions

It can be assumed that digital environment is a risk for increasing low mood in children. However, we need to do additional research using experimental design to approve the hypothesis that computer game addiction can cause the low mood in children.
Impulsivity and compulsivity aggregate in alcohol use disorder and explain comorbidity with impulse-control and related disorders
Authors: Araujo A. , Pereira A.T. , Reis C. , Nascimento L. , Pina C. , Avó J. , Feijão A. , Macedo A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The conceptualization of impulsivity and compulsiveness has fluctuated between two different perspectives: they are (1) distinct and orthogonal dimensions, (2) extreme poles of the same dimension/ spectrum. We favor this latter, accepting that these dimensions contribute to the etiopathogenesis of impulsive-compulsive disorders, namely alcohol use disorder/AUD.

Objectives

To analyze: Differences of impulsivity and compulsivity levels between AUD patients vs. participants from the community; prevalence of impulsive-compulsive disorders/ICD in AUD; if impulsivity/compulsivity predict the severity of alcohol use and ICD in AUD.

Methods

32 AUD patients (21% women, mean age 46±10) answered the Portuguese versions of: Alcohol-Use-Disorders-Identification-Test, Questionnaire-for-Impulsive-Compulsive-Disorders-in-Parkinson’s-Disease, Barrat-Impulsiveness-Scale, Obsessive-Compulsive-Inventory and Depression-Anxiety-Stress-Scales; 50 adults from the community (68% women, mean age 29±14) answered the former three. Mann-Whitney-U, Spearman and regression tests were performed using SPSS.

Results

AUD individuals vs. subjects from the community presented higher levels of impulsivity and compulsivity (p<.001). AUD-group: AUDIT median score was 25 (>8 harmful use); 81% reported ICD-symptoms; impulsivity and compulsivity highly correlated (r=.639; p<.001); impulsivity levels explained the presence of certain ICD (gambling, compulsive buying, eating disorders) and depression/anxiety/stress (OR=.152; p<.05); compulsivity levels also explained the occurrence of specific ICD (compulsive buying and other repetitive automatic behaviours) and depression/anxiety/stress (OR=.131 p<.05).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that impulsivity and compulsivity co-occur and contribute to the explanation of AUD, and related comorbidity and psychological distress. This highlights the utility of considering impulsivity and compulsivity when subtyping, stratifying, and treating AUD patients. Finally, we assert that disorders of impulsivity and compulsivity (eg.: AUD and ICD) co-occur.

Conflict of interest

No significant relationships.
Quality of life and abstinence in alcohol use disorders
Authors: Teixeira J. , Ferreira S. , Moutinho L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The analysis of the impact of individuals’ behaviors on their health involves several variables, namely alcoholism. It is necessary to take in account that when anxiety is excessive it may be very disabling and produce many adverse effects, such as unsatisfactory work performance, anxiety disorders, depressive mood and somatic symptoms. These elements affect the Quality of Life (QOL) drastically, while social support of the patients protect QOL.

Objectives

To assess the quality of life of patients with alcohol use disorders in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods

An exploratory, descriptive and correlational study was carried out. A sociodemographic scale was used, an instrument constructed by the authors that assesses the existence of risk behaviors and protective health behaviors, the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (ESSS), and a quality of life assessment scale (WHOQOL-Bref). Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 25 statistics.

Results

Sample consisting of 34 patients with Alcohol Use Disorders. Abstinence time is positively correlated with QOL and negatively correlated with social support satisfaction.

Conclusions

This study shows that in treatment of patients with AUD, longer abstinence times have a positive effect on QOL and overall wellbeing of patients, while being associated with a lower satisfaction with social support. Treatment Units dedicated to AUD should keep striving for maintenance of abstinence due to these positive effects.
Evaluation of the frequency and predictive factors of ethanol consumption among students of the university of pharmacy of monastir
Authors: Bensaid N. , Ghorbel A. , Rekik M. , Messedi N. , Hachicha S. , Messadi F. , Aloulou J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Ethanol is widely consumed by the world’s population, especially young people as part of their university life. In Tunisia, surveys and studies about consumption of ethanol among students are rare or even exceptional.

Objectives

To evaluate the extent of the consumption of ethanol among pharmacy students in Monastir University, from the first year to residency, and to define the factors associated to this consumption.

Methods

This study was used to collected information about the participants using a questionnaire that covers the different parameters of the consumption of ethanol during student life and the factors influencing this consumption.

Results

154 participants aged 23.61 years +/- 2.63 among them 37.7% were men and 62.3% women. The prevalence of ethanol consumption was 44.8 %. The main reason for dirking was to party (79.2%). The consumption of ethanol was significantly associated with sex (p=0), place of residence (p=0.047), frequency of hang-outs (p=0), sex life (p=0) and students perception of the alcohol-health relationship (p=0). Various health problems were related to the frequency of consumption of ethanol, such as memory problems (p=0.002), violence and injuries (p=0.014).

Conclusions

The findings of this study underline the need to develop specific studies and general population surveys in order to better assess the situation in Tunisia and to put in place appropriate prevention strategies, such as information and awareness campaigns, aimed at reducing or at least rationing the consumption of ethanol.

Conflict of interest

No significant relationships.
Emotional regulation in alcohol use disorder (AUD)
Authors: Ferreira S. , Moutinho L. , Teixeira J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The process of emotional regulation allows the patient to deal with various situations throughout life, since it includes the ability to create and control emotions, in order to guide action and interaction with others. However, people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is not always able to give appropriate responses to surronding situations in the face of certain specific emotions.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the use of emotional regulation strategies in people with AUD.

Methods

A descriptive and correlational study was conducted. A sociodemographic questionnaire, that included variables to assess aspects related to AUD, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used.

Results

The sample had 25 participants, mostly male, average age of 46.68 years. 44% were married, and most cases had an withdrawal time larger than 3 months. Regarding emotional regulation strategies, it was found that the participants resort more to cognitive reassessment (M=26.59,SD = 7.54), compared to emotional suppression (M = 15.16, SD = 5.03). Statistically significant differences were found between genders in relation to cognitive reassessment (U = 29.00; p = 0.02). No correlations were found between withdrawal time, treatment time, cognitive reevaluation and emotional suppression.

Conclusions

Results show differences between gender, and the absence of a relationship between educational qualifications in cognitive reassessment, contradicting previous findings on general Portuguese population. This data points to the need to implement intervention programs in this population, taking into account the gender variable, and including the development of the ability to identify and express emotions, as well as of strategies to deal with emotional aspects.
Adapting to COVID-19 at arch
Authors: Selladurai A. , Goedhuis C. , Fehler J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Addictions Recovery Community Hillingdon (ARCH) is a specialist addictions treatment service, providing a range of inteventions for substance use disorders. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic required healthcare services to rapidly adapt clinical care in order to safeguard patients and staff from contracting the virus whilst managing clinical risk. Key changes were made to treatment pathways at ARCH.

Objectives

1. Reduce face-to-face contact between patients and staff (including community pharmacists) 2. To get feedback from patients and staff about changes implemented

Methods

To reduce face-to-face contact, we aimed to decrease the number of patients having supervised consumption of Opiate Substitute Treatment (OST). Furthermore, telephone consultations were encouraged for keyworking and reviews. Patients were randomly selected and interviewed about their experiences and focus groups were be completed with staff.

Results

Supervised consumption of OST was reduced from 41.5% to 6%. Face-to-face appointments were significantly reduced and telephone consultations were introduced as standard. Telephone reviews became the standard method of contact for keyworking sessions and medical reviews. 53% of services whose interval between instalment collection of OST at community pharmacies was extended found it ‘easy’ or ‘very easy’ to adapt to. 61% of service users who had access virtual platforms finding it ‘easy’ or ‘very easy’ to access support. Focus groups of staff members revealed that stafff felt the changes in instalment collection of OST was positive for patients.

Conclusions

ARCH implemented a number of changes to treatment pathways and inteventions to minimise the risk of virus transmission amongst patients and staff whilst managing clinical risk.
Co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Complicated partnerships
Authors: Ganhao I. , Trigo M. , Paixao A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Treating addiction is more challenging when there are co-addictions. Tobacco smoking is commonly associated with substance abuse, alcohol use disorders, excessive caffeine intake and pathological gambling among other addictions. Smoking reduction and cessation programmes´ objectives benefit from interventions targeting co-addictions.

Objectives

Difficulties arising from smoking reduction and cessation in the context of co-use of cannabis prompt literature review and reflection of a smoking cessation programme team.

Methods

Pubmed and Google Scholar literature search using terms smoking cessation / tobacco cessation and cannabis.

Results

Co-use of tobacco and cannabis is: 1) very common, 2) associated with greater prevalence of morbidity and social problems, 3) associated with greater dependence of the other substances, 4) negatively influences quit outcomes of either, 5) increases the risk of relapse. Co-users are more likely to perceive the harmful effects of tobacco, have greater motivation and are more likely to quit tobacco than cannabis, which may be perceived as low risk. Treatment of either tobacco smoking or cannabis use may lead to compensatory increase in use of the other substance. There is a significant lack of literature on co-use treatment strategies.

Conclusions

Co-use of tobacco and cannabis makes cessation and relapse prevention of either addiction more difficult and should be taken into account in smoking reduction and cessation programmes and in cannabis treatment interventions. Treatment targetting both tobacco and cannabis use, either simultaneously or sequentially, is likely more successful than interventions targeting only either one. Much remais to be studied on how to treat co-use of tobacco and cannabis.
The impact of lockdown measures on the mental health of the general population: Results from a national multicentric study
Authors: Fiorillo A.
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and the related containment measures, such as lockdown, are affecting mental health of the general population worldwide. This is an unprecedented event, which is influencing the health care, political, economic, and social welfare systems. Among Western countries, Italy has been one of the first severely hit by the pandemic in terms of number of cases and mortality rates. On March 8, 2020, the Italian Prime Minister issued restrictive measures in order to limit the spread of the disease. During this period known as “Phase one” of the national health emergency, all not necessary activities have been closed, more than 29,000 people have died and almost 100,000 people have been home-isolated, with strict lockdown measures. The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network, including ten university Italian sites and the National Institute of Health, has promoted a national online survey in order to evaluate the impact of lockdown measures on the mental health of the Italian general population. The COMET survey reports data from a large sample of more than 20.000 people from Italian general population, showing that lockdown has had a detrimental impact on mental health, in terms of worsening of anxiety, depressive and stress symptoms. Findings from this study can be useful to inform national and international associations, policy makers and stakeholders on the importance to provide adequate support to the mental health of the general population.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
N-acetylcysteine can be the key to tackling substance use disorders
Authors: Alves M. , Ferreira L. Paulino , Durães D. , Gamito A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor of cysteine and glutathione, widely known as an antidote to paracetamol overdose. Its role as precursor of an antioxidant and modulating agent of glutamatergic, dopaminergic, neurotropic and inflammatory pathways, raised interest in its application in psychiatric disorders. NAC emerges as a promising therapeutic agent in substance use disorders (SUD) and provides a treatment option in a field with limited and suboptimal therapies.

Objectives

To describe the use of NAC in SUD (tobacco, cocaine, cannabis, methamphetamine and alcohol), its potential mechanisms and clinical application.

Methods

The literature was searched using the Pubmed database with the following keywords “N-acetylcysteine”, “Substance use disorders” and “Psychiatry”. Retrieved papers (2011-2018) were selected according to their relevance.

Results

SUD results in disruption of glutamate system, in nucleus accumbens, a critical brain area in the rewarding system. NAC reestablishes glutamate homeostasis restoring function of the cysteine-glutamate exchange in glial cells and reversing the downregulated GLT-1 receptor. Concerning its properties, evidence suggests that NAC is able to decrease drive, craving or compulsion to consume, making it particular useful in relapse prevention after achieving abstinence.

Conclusions

NAC has revealed itself as a promising therapeutic agent in SUD and its safety profile and favourable tolerability, as well as being an over-the-counter medication, adds to its interest. Data is still preliminary for the use of NAC in psychiatry disorders, due to the relatively small number of trials and their heterogeneous methodology. Larger studies are needed to confirm efficacy, optimal doses, long-term tolerability and side effects.
Analysis of the content consumed by internet addicted adolescents of central siberia: Gender and age differences
Authors: Semenova N. , Tereshchenko S. , L L. Evert , Kostyuchenko Y. , Shubina M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Teenagers’ Internet addiction can be supported by a wide variety of Internet content.

Objectives

To study the structure of the content consumed by Siberian adolescents with Internet addiction.

Methods

200 (69 boys and 131 girls) Internet addicted adolescents aged 11-18 years and living in the urban area of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk) were surveyed. Content consumption was studied using Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents and The Social Media Disorder Scale.

Results

19.0% of adolescents were addicted to Internet games, 22.5% of adolescents were addicted to social media. A combination of both types of addictions was found in 23.5% of adolescents. Other types of content addiction was found in 35% of adolescents. Boys prefer Internet games (62.3% of boys vs. 32.1% of girls), while girls prefer communication on social media (55.0% of girls vs. 29.0% of boys), p <0.001. Combined addiction is observed equally in both sexes (23.2% and 23.7% respectively). For older adolescents, there is observed a decrease in the interest to Internet games (from 48.4% at 11-14 y.o. to 37.6% at 15-18 y.o.) and to social media (from 49.5% to 43.1%). At the same time, interest to other types of content is growing (from 27.5% to 41.3%).

Conclusions

Boys with internet addiction are more likely to be addicted to internet games, while girls are more likely to get engaged in social media. Older adolescents show a decrease in the interest both to Internet games and social media, while their interest to other types of content increases. The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-2203218.

Conflict of interest

The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-2203218.
Leading patterns of internet-addicted behavior in adolescents in central siberia according to the results of the CIAS test
Authors: Semenova N. , Tereshchenko S. , L L. Evert , Kostyuchenko Y. , Shubina M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Knowing the leading patterns will help timely predict that addictive behavior is being formed.

Objectives

To identify the leading patterns of addictive behavior in adolescents in Central Siberia according to the results of the CIAS test.

Methods

200 adolescents aged 11-18, 69 males and 131 females, with Internet addiction living in an urban area (Krasnoyarsk) were surveyed. The patterns of addictive behavior were assessed using the CIAS test, which includes scales of key symptoms: “Com” (compulsive symptoms), “Wit” (withdrawal symptoms), “Tol” (tolerance symptoms); and negative consequences scales: “IH” (intrapersonal and health problems), “TM” (problems with time management).

Results

The mean results (M) of key symptoms were obtained at 14.56 on the “Com” scale, 15.27 on the “Wit” scale, 12.23 on the “Tol”. The mean indices of negative manifestations were obtained at 17.00 on the “IH” scale and 13.94 on the “TM” scale. When comparing the mean results of the scales of addicted behavior by the method of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), statistically significant differences between representatives of different sex and age groups were not revealed (p> 0.05).

Conclusions

The leading key symptoms of Internet-addicted behavior in Central Siberia adolescents include withdrawal symptoms: decreased mood, anxiety and irritation in the absence of access to the Internet. Symptoms of negative consequences include decreased social contacts, reduced communication with family members, and problems at school. When such symptoms emerge, one should suspect the formation of Internet addiction and carry out the necessary diagnostics for timely intervention. The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-22032\18.

Conflict of interest

The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-22032\18.
Internet addiction and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents
Authors: Semenova N. , Tereshchenko S. , L L. Evert , Zaytseva O. , Shubina M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Internet addiction (IA) is associated with personal peculiarities, psychosocial characteristics, and physiological factors. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the most common sleep disorders in adolescents associated with social behavior patterns.

Objectives

To evaluate the association of IA with EDS in Siberian adolescents.

Methods

4637 urban Siberian (Krasnoyarsk, Abakan) school-based adolescents (aged 12-18; boys/girl ratio 2215/2422) were tested with Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). Internet users were categorized into three groups: adaptive Internet users (AIU) (scoring 27–42); maladaptive Internet users (MIU) (scoring 43–64); and pathological Internet users (PIU) (scoring ≥65). EDS was assessed by Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS); cutoffs for EDS were PDSS 95% percentiles for each age group: 12 y.o. – 20 points, 13 y.o. – 21 points, 14-16 y.o. – 22 points, 17-18 y.o. – 23 points. Quantitative data are shown as median (25-75% quartiles). Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.

Results

EDS prevalence increase with IA severity: AIU group (n=2402) – 1.4%, MIU group (n=1905) – 3%, and PIU group (n=330) – 12.4% (pAIU-MIU=0.001; pAIU-PIU<0.001; pMIU-PIU<0.001). Positive association was detected between IA severity and PDSS score: AIU group – 10 (6-13), MIU group – 14 (10-17), and PIU group – 17 (13-21), p(K-W)<0.001).

Conclusions

EDS is associated with IA in Siberian adolescents. The possible explanations of this relation may be: (1) the higher rate of night activity, (2) night sleep disturbances and (3) the presence of common pathogenic factors in IA and EDS, such as personality characteristics, depression, anxiety. The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-2203219.

Conflict of interest

The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-22032\19.
What is the genetic architecture of major psychiatric disorders?
Authors: Hennah W. , Gennarelli M.
Published: February 2022

Taken as a whole, psychiatric disorders are considered as complex genetic disorders. There are clear genetic mutations and susceptibility factors to these disorders. However, these form the full spectrum of impact, frequency, and mutation type. With rare large scale chromosomal rearrangements and copy number mutations of high impact at one end, and common single nucleotide variations of minor impact at the other. This multitude of variation type also means that different epidemiological study designs are needed to test the genetic component of these disorders, from familial forms, to common population level studies. This process has been facilitated by advances in genomic analysis, that enable the measuring of genetic variation at a greater depth in a greater number of individuals and has led to a boom in genetic information. This has given us a greater understanding of the genetic aetiology of psychiatric disorders and how they are biologically related to each other. How this information can be translated to the clinics, can now be considered. Genetic testing in psychiatric disorders, is currently possible for certain disorders and mutation types, but is not universally advised. Much still remains to be understood about population level genetic risk factors before they could conceivably be utilised in the clinic. Whereas genetic testing of high impact mutations could be of use to the clinical programs, and are actively tested for in clinics across Europe.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Forensic data on adolescents who died by suicide in Greece
Authors: Paraschakis A. , Karageorgiou V. , Kourtesis I. , Boyokas I. , Michopoulos I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicide is the second most common cause of adolescent mortality worldwide.

Objectives

To study the characteristics of a sample of adolescents (<18years of age) who died by suicide in Greece.

Methods

We investigated all suicides that took place within the area of the Piraeus Department of Forensic Medicine (population covered ~700,000) for the period 1992-2016, based on the victims’ forensic records.

Results

During the 25-year period, 16 adolescents (and 1162 adults) died by suicide. They were mostly males (11/68.75%) and of Greek Nationality (14/87.5%). The mean age was 15.56 years (range: 12-17, standard deviation: 1.46). Two (12.5%) were under psychiatric medication (an antipsychotic and an antidepressant, respectively); none was receiving a benzodiazepine or a mood-stabilizing antiepileptic. None had used amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine or heroin. Two (12.5%) -one girl one boy- had consumed alcohol. The suicides took place primarily at home (12/75%), followed by outdoors (3/18.75%); one (6.25%) took place in a correctional facility. Hanging was the most prevalent method (6/37.5), followed by jumping (5/31.25%), shooting by a firearm (2/12.5%), drowning (1/6.25%), medication overdose (1/6.25% -amitriptyline poisoning) and a case of suffocating death (1/6.25%). Most suicides happened in September (5/31.25%) and April (3/18.75%). No significant differences were noted with the adult sample.

Conclusions

The methods chosen by the adolescents who died by suicide in our sample differ strikingly from those of usual suicide attempts at that age (medication overdose/self-cutting). The periods when the suicides took place may imply a role for school stress. Our study was retrospective and focused primarily on a large urban area.
Patients with substance use disorder who have higher alexithymia levels present more suicidality history: Preliminary results in an outpatient addiction treatment center in Spain
Authors: Álvarez R. Palma , Daigre C. , Ros-Cucurull E. , Serrano-Pérez P. , Ortega-Hernandez G. , Perea-Ortueta M. , Vendrell-Serres J. , Gallego L. , Ramos-Quiroga J.A. , Grau-López L. , Roncero C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Patients with substance use disorders (SUD) have higher alexithymia levels and present frequently suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide (SA) [1,2]. Beside, alexithymia has been related to suicidal behaviors in several psychiatric disorders[3]. Although, there are some studies on alexithymia and suicidality in SUD patients, to our knowledge there are no studies on this issue in Spanish population.

Objectives

To compare the alexithymia levels in SUD patients with and without SI and SA in an outpatient addiction treatment center in Spain.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study performed on 110 patients (74.3%males; mean age 43.6±14.5years old) for whom we had information from the Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20) and the presence or not of lifetime SI and SA.

Results

Lifetime SI and SA were present in 55.5% and 35.5% of the sample respectively. The mean score of TAS-20, difficulties identifying feelings (DIF), difficulties describing feelings (DDT), and externally-oriented thinking(EOT) were 57.2±13.3, 20.0±7.0, 14.7±4.5, and 22.5±4.5 respectively.

Conclusions

SI and SA may be related to alexithymia levels. Hence, alexithymia should be further analyzed in SUD patients in longitudinal studies in order to analyze the bilateral association with suicidal spectrum behaviors. REFERENCES Rodríguez-Cintas L, et al. Factors associated with lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in outpatients with substance use disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2018;262:440-5. Morie KP, et al. Alexithymia and Addiction: A Review and Preliminary Data Suggesting Neurobiological Links to Reward/Loss Processing. Curr Addict Rep. 2016;3(2):239-48. Hemming L, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between alexithymia and suicide ideation and behaviour. J Affect Disord. 2019;254:34-48.
The mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between suicidal behaviour and early traumatic experiences in depressed subjects
Authors: Santo F. Dal , Carballo J.J. , Velasco Á. , Jiménez-Treviño L. , Rodríguez-Revuelta J. , Martínez-Cao C. , Caro-Cañizares I. Irene , De La Fuente-Tomás L. , Menéndez-Miranda I. , González-Blanco L. , García-Portilla M.P. , Bobes J. , Saiz P.A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Depressed patients with early traumatic experiences may represent a clinically distinct subtype with worse clinical outcome. Since early traumatic experiences alter the development of systems that regulate the stress response, certain personality features may influence coping strategies, putting individuals with depression and a history of early traumatic experiences at greater risk of suicidal behaviour.

Objectives

To determine whether impulsivity mediates the relationship between early traumatic experiences and suicidal behaviour in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

The sample included 190 patients [mean age (SD)=53.71 (10.37); females: 66.3%], with current MDD. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were used to assess childhood and adulthood adverse life events and impulsivity. We developed mediation models by bootstrap sampling methods.

Results

81 (42.6%) patients had previous suicide attempts (SA). CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total scores were higher in MDD patients with previous SA. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between the CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total, CTQ-SF-Total and HDRS-Total, and BIS-11-Total and HDRS-Total scores. Regression models found that CTQ-SF-Total, BIS-11-Total, and HDRS-Total scores were associated with SA. Mediation analyses further revealed the association between CTQ-SF-Total and SA was mediated by the indirect effect of the BIS-11-Total score (b=0.007, 95% CI=0.001, 0.015), after controlling for sex, HDRS-Total, and LTE-Total.

Conclusions

Impulsivity could mediate the influence of childhood trauma on suicidal behaviour. This will help understand the role of risk factors in suicidal behaviour and aid in the development of prevention interventions focused on modifiable mediators when risk factors are non-modifiable.
Suicidal behaviors in the elderly. About a case
Authors: Barea M. ValverDe , Solis M.O. , Castro C. Mata , Moreno F. Cartas
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicide is a global health problem. The elderly is the range with the highest suicide rate and suicidal behaviors are more lethal, with greater planning and less possibility of rescue. In the elderly, Major Depressive Disorder is the diagnosis most frequently associated with suicidal behavior. 15% of the elderly with a depressive picture commit suicide. Loneliness, the main cause of suicides in the elderly population.

Objectives

The objective of the clinical case presented is to address the risk factors for suicide in the elderly.

Methods

80-year-old patient, widower who makes a suicide attempt by ingesting glyphosate. Personal history: Acute myocardial infarction 1 month ago. Not mental illness. Family stressors: illness of his granddaughter, loss of his son’s job. Personal stressors: Loss of autonomy due to ischemic heart disease. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with acute pulmonary edema secondary to the suicide attempt. Psychopathological exploration: Conscious, oriented and collaborative. Depressive mood in relation to the stressors presented. Makes partial criticism of the suicide attempt, recognizes its seriousness and planning.

Results

Diagnosis: Moderate depressive episode. SAD PERSONS scale: 9 High risk.

Conclusions

The risk factors for suicide in older people can be medical, psychiatric, psychological, family environment and social - environmental factors. There are hardly any specific action protocols that allow early intervention and suicide prevention in the elderly. As social health professionals, we must work on the elaboration and application of these, since consummated suicide represents a major public health problem throughout the world.
Italian validation of the interpersonal needs questionnaire (INQ-15-I) in a sample of university students
Authors: Magliocca S. , Dolenz F. , Silva A. , Madeddu F. , Calati R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide posits that thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) are proximal causes of current suicidal desire, while the acquired capability predicts suicide attempts (Joiner, 2005).

Objectives

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15-I), as a measure of the two constructs, on a sample of 458 Italian university students.

Methods

After examining the socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of the sample, we tested the differences in current suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide risk among students. We conducted a confirmatory factor analyses to identify the latent structure of the INQ-15-I and we tested the reliability, criterion concurrent validity and convergent/discriminant validity.

Results

The socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial features of the sample are in line with the literature on the topic. A two-factor related model with 15 item, showed a good fit to the data and subscales showed excellent internal consistencies (α ≥ 0.84). TB, but mostly PB, were mainly correlated with concurrent suicidal ideation and less with suicidal risk. Divergent validity has emerged with the constructs of the acquired capability. Convergent validity is supported for similar constructs such as depression, low reasons for living, anxiety, interoceptive awareness, psychological pain, loneliness, absence of social support and low self-esteem.

Conclusions

INQ-15-I provides a valid measure of the interpersonal needs among Italian university students by indirectly investigating suicidal risk factors. It also suggest specific clinical intervention areas in suicide prevention. Thus it may be included in suicide risk assessment protocols in Italy.
Factors for suicide attempt recurrence among patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Brahim S. , Aoun M.H. , Charaa O. , Henia M. , Abid A. , Zarrouk L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is significant, ranging from 0.5% to 5.9% in the general population. This personality disorder is associated with high rates of suicide attempt and for suicide attempt recurrence.

Objectives

Review recent studies of predictors of suicide attempt and for suicide attempt recurrence in patients with borderline personality disorder.

Methods

This is a literature review via Medline and Sciences Direct. The database was searched using the combination of the keywords “borderline” with “suicide”, “borderline personality disorder” with “suicide”, “borderline personality disorder” with “suicide attempts” “borderline personality disorder” with “suicide recurrence”.

Results

Recently it has been shown that BPD has a greater correlation with suicidal behavior than that of characterized depressive disorders. Several studies have shown that suicidal behavior in patients with BPD was associated with the coexistence of antisocial personality disorder, depression, hostility, impulsivity, a high number of suicide attempts and a first suicide attempt at a young age. Recently it has been established that the predictors of suicidal recidivism are the high number of suicide attempts, the female sex and single life status.

Conclusions

Special attention should be paid to predictive factors for suicide attempt and for suicide attempt recurrence in the clinical evaluation of patients with borderline personality disorder, especially in suicidal crisis.
Suicide in narcissism: Can shame-proneness make a difference?
Authors: Zobel S. Beomonte , Mirizio V. , Velotti P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation and behavior than others, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder is no different. Very intense feelings of shame, intolerable for the individual, are often found in patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder and may have a role in suicidal behavior.

Objectives

To offer preliminary empirical evidences concerning the relationship between narcissism, shame and suicide ideation.

Methods

We administered Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Test of Self Conscious Affects (TOSCA) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) to a sample of individuals with Suicide ideation (n= 65) and a sample of community participants (n=65).

Results

Controlling for age and gender, in the merged sample we found that BSI scores correlated significantly with the vulnerable dimension of narcissism and with TOSCA Interpersonal Shame subscale. In the clinical sample, Interpersonal shame partially mediates the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

Shame seems to play a key role in the relationship between the vulnerable facet of narcissism and suicidal ideation, although the profound mechanism by which it works remains to be understood. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.