bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Characteristics of Environmental Impacts According to the Cut-Off Criteria Applicable to the Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) of Apartment Buildings in South Korea
Authors: Kim Rakhyun , Lim Myung-Kwan , Roh Seungjun , Park Won-Jun
Published: March 2021

This study analyzed the characteristics of the environmental impacts of apartment buildings, a typical housing type in South Korea, as part of a research project supporting the streamlined life cycle assessment (S-LCA) of buildings within the G-SEED (Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design) framework. Three recently built apartment building complexes were chosen as study objects for the quantitative evaluation of the buildings in terms of their embodied environmental impacts (global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion potential, photochemical oxidant creation potential, and abiotic depletion potential), using the LCA approach. Additionally, we analyzed the emission trends according to the cut-off criteria of the six environmental impact categories by performing an S-LCA with cut-off criteria 90–99% of the cumulative weight percentile. Consequently, we were able to present the cut-off criterion best suited for S-LCA and analyze the effect of the cut-off criteria on the environmental impact analysis results. A comprehensive environmental impact analysis of the characteristics of the six environmental impact categories revealed that the error rate was below 5% when the cut-off criterion of 97.5% of the cumulative weight percentile was applied, thus verifying its validity as the optimal cut-off criterion for S-LCA.
The Influence of Management on Teacher Well-Being and the Development of Sustainable Schools
Authors: Pagán-Castaño Esther , Sánchez-García Javier , Garrigos-Simon Fernando J. , Guijarro-García María
Published: March 2021

Teaching is one of the professions with the highest levels of stress and disquiet at work, having a negative impact on teachers’ well-being and performance. Thus, well-being is one of the priorities in human resource management (HRM) in schools. In this regard, this paper studies the relationship between HRM, well-being and performance, observing the incidence of leadership and innovation in these relationships. The objective is to measure the extent to which it is necessary to encourage sustainable environments that promote the well-being of teachers and, by extension, students. The study used the methodology of structural equations and a sample of 315 secondary school teachers. The work validates the influence of leadership by example and information management on HRM and performance. In addition, we confirm the significant effect of human resource management on educational performance. The relationship is observed both directly and through the mediating effect on the improvement of well-being. On the other hand, the positive influence of innovation on performance, both in schools and in the classrooms, is reaffirmed. These results suggest the need to zero in on the human resources policies in schools linked to the improvement of teacher well-being and educational performance. They also highlight the role of school and classroom innovation as a key element in maintaining educational quality.
The 3Ps (Profit, Planet, and People) of Sustainability amidst Climate Change: A South African Grape and Wine Perspective
Authors: Gbejewoh Omamuyovwi , Keesstra Saskia , Blancquaert Erna
Published: March 2021

Conventional agriculture has made the search for sustainability urgent, more so with regards to climate change. This has extended to the grape and wine industry, an important industry in South Africa in terms of labor employment and foreign exchange. This paper aims to review the current state of knowledge with regards to the three pillars of sustainability and with regards to climate change. In order to understand sustainability in South Africa, a historical context is needed, because the welfare of farm workers still retains vestiges of past Apartheid. Ecological responsibility and higher profits are the main reasons for sustainable practices. Additionally, water use, chemical use, and soil erosion are important environmental sustainability concerns. With regards to climate change, in terms of economic sustainability, there will be winners and losers and social sustainability issues will intensify as changes occur in farms. Table grape producers are relatively more profitable than wine grape producers. Furthermore, pest, disease, irrigation pressure will worsen as the climate warms. However, there are long- and short-term adaptation strategies such as changes in viticulture practices and grape cultivars, respectively, to stem the effects of climate change, but this may be stymied by cost and farmers’ perceptions of climate change.
COVIDTAS COVID-19 Tracing App Scale—An Evaluation Framework
Authors: Raman Raghu , Achuthan Krishnashree , Vinuesa Ricardo , Nedungadi Prema
Published: March 2021

Mobile apps play an important role in COVID-19 tracing and tracking, with different countries taking different approaches. Our study focuses on 17 government owned COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps (CTAs) and analyze them using a proposed COVIDTAS framework. User satisfaction is not directly related to the COVIDTAS score or the interaction between users and the app developers. To increase adoption of CTAs, government leadership must offer assurance to its citizens that their identify will be concealed and emphasize the benefits of CTAs as it relates to shared public health. While no country has topped the list on all three major factors (COVIDTAS Score, User Reviews, and User Ratings), the CTA from India seems to have above average performance on all three factors.
Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Passion for Work on Performance Variables in Sports Clubs
Authors: Escamilla-Fajardo Paloma , Alguacil Mario , Gómez-Tafalla Ana M.
Published: March 2021

Entrepreneurial orientation and passion for work have been widely studied due to their effects on the behaviour and attitude of management teams in the short- and long-term. However, despite the influences of these variables on the sustainability and survival of an entity, there is a gap when considering the effects of these two performance variables in sports organisations. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to understand the influences of entrepreneurial orientation and passion for work on service quality and sporting performance. To this end, 199 Spanish non-profit sports clubs were analysed using instruments with good psychometric properties. Data analysis was carried out using two complementary methodologies: hierarchical regression models and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The findings show that innovation and risk-taking influence performance variables and that the inclusion of passion for work significantly increases the explanatory capacity of the model. On the other hand, it was also observed that entrepreneurial orientation dimensions and passion for work are part of the combination that allows the expected result to be explored to a greater extent. Theoretical and practical implications were drawn from these findings, which can be used to improve the economic and social sustainability of sport organisations. The study also provides useful information for managers and directors of sport organisations.
Effects of Anodizing Conditions on Thermal Properties of Al 20XX Alloys for Aircraft
Authors: Park Junghyun , Son Kyeongsik , Lee Junghoon , Kim Donghyun , Chung Wonsub
Published: March 2021

Anodizing was applied to improve the heat dissipation performance of aluminum (Al) alloys, by forming an oxide layer, such that they could be employed in aerospace applications. The methods employed were hard sulfuric acid (high hardness), soft sulfuric acid (low hardness), boric-sulfuric mixed acid, tin-sulfuric mixed acid, and chromic acid solutions. Each process was completed under optimized conditions. The surface morphology was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and a digital camera. For the determination of thermal performance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to measure the emissivity at 50 °C, and laser flash analysis (LFA) was utilized to analyze the thermal diffusivity at room temperature to 300 °C. The radiative property of metals is often ignored because of their low emissivity, however, in this research, the emissivity of the metal oxides was found to be higher than that of bare metal series. This study improved the heat dissipation properties by oxidization of Al via the anodizing process.
Beyond Institutional Ethics: Anishinaabe Worldviews and the Development of a Culturally Sensitive Field Protocol for Aquatic Plant Research
Authors: Luby Brittany , Mehltretter Samantha , Flewelling Robert , Lehman Margaret , Goldhar Gabrielle , Pattrick Elli , Mariotti Jane , Bradford Andrea ,   Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation
Published: March 2021

Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS2) guides knowledge production and dissemination in Canada. While it is intended to protect vulnerable populations from harm, it fails to consider Anishinaabe worldviews and, by extension, to effectively direct ethical water research with aquatic plant life. Using Anishinaabe oral testimony and oral stories, Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation (NAN) and the University of Guelph (UofG) co-developed a culturally sensitive field protocol to respect Manomin (Wild Rice) as an other-than-human being and guide research into Manomin restoration. By illuminating key directives from NAN, this article showcases the limitations of institutional ethics in Canada. It concludes with recommendations to broaden TCPS2 to better address Anishinaabe teachings about plant and animal relations, but ultimately challenges institutional Research Ethics Boards (REBs) to relinquish control and respect Indigenous Nations’ right to govern research within their territories.
Framework of Emergency Response System for Potential Large-Scale Landslide in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yuan-Jung , Syu Fang-Tsz , Shieh Chjeng-Lun , Chung Chi-Rong , Lin Shih-Shu , Yin Hsiao-Yuan
Published: March 2021

In order to lower the risks of large-scale landslides and improve community resilience in Taiwan, a long-term project has been promoted by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau since 2017. In this study, methods to build an emergency response framework including hazard mapping and early warning system establishment were introduced. For hazard mapping, large-scale landslides were categorized into a landslide, debris flow, or landslide dam type based on the movement of unstable materials and topography. Each disaster type has different hazard zone delineation methods to identify the affected areas. After establishing the possible effected areas, early warning mechanisms, including warning value using rainfall as the indicator and evacuation procedures, should be created for emergency response. To set the warning value, analysis of the occurrence thresholds of previous existing large-scale landslides was conducted to determine the critical rainfall and further utilized to set the warning value considering the evacuation time for the locals. Finally, for integration with the current debris flow emergency response system, potential large-scale landslide areas were further divided into two types based on their spatial relationship with debris flows. For those overlapping with existing debris flow protected targets, the current emergency response system was upgraded considering the impact of large-scale landslides, while the others were suggested for use in building a new emergency response procedure. This integrated framework could provide a feasible risk avoidance method for local government and residents.
Performance Assessment of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Restoration Experiment on Dead matte Twelve Years after Planting—Structural and Functional Meadow Features
Authors: Calvo Sebastiano , Calvo Roberta , Luzzu Filippo , Raimondi Vincenzo , Assenzo Mauro , Cassetti Federica , Tomasello Agostino
Published: March 2021

Following the restoration of natural conditions by reducing human pressures, reforestation is currently considered a possible option to accelerate the recovery of seagrass habitats. Long-term monitoring programs theoretically represent an ideal solution to assess whether a reforestation plan has produced the desired results. Here, we report on the performance of a 20 m2 patch of Posidonia oceanica transplanted on dead matte twelve years after transplantation in the Gulf of Palermo, northwestern Sicily. Photo mosaic performed in the area allowed us to detect 23 transplanted patches of both regular and irregular shape, ranging from 0.1 to 2.7 m2 and an overall surface close to 19 m2. Meadow density was 331.6 ± 17.7 shoot m−2 (currently five times higher than the initial value of 66 shoots m−2), and it did not show statistical differences from a close by natural meadow (331.2 ± 14.9). Total primary production, estimated by lepidochronology, varied from 333.0 to 332.7 g dw m2/year, at the transplanted and natural stand, respectively. These results suggest that complete restoration of P. oceanica on dead matte is possible in a relatively short time (a decade), thus representing a good starting point for upscaling the recovery of the degraded meadows in the area.
Nonlinear Water Quality Response to Numerical Simulation of In Situ Phosphorus Control Approaches
Authors: Zhang Baichuan , Lin Ningya , Chen Xi , Fan Qiaoming , Chen Xing , Ren Tingyu , Zou Rui , Guo Huaicheng
Published: March 2021

The nonlinear and heterogeneous responses of nutrients to eutrophication control measures are a major challenge for in situ treatment engineering design, especially for large water bodies. Tackling the problem calls for a full understanding of potential water quality responses to various treatment schemes, which cannot be fulfilled by empirical-based methods or small-scale tests. This paper presents a methodology for Phoslock application based on the idea of object-oriented intelligent engineering design (OOID), which includes numerical simulation to explore the features of responses to numerous assumed schemes. A large plateau lake in Southwestern China was employed as a case study to illustrate the characteristics of the water quality response and demonstrate the applicability of this new approach. It was shown by the simulation and scenario analysis that the water quality response to Phoslock application always reflected nonlinearity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and always varied with objects, boundary conditions, and engineering design parameters. It was also found that some design parameters, like release position, had a significant impact on efficiency. Thus, a remarkable improvement could be obtained by cost-effective analysis based on scenarios using combinations of design parameters.
Comparison between the Lagrangian and Eulerian Approach in Simulation of Free Surface Air-Core Vortices
Authors: Azarpira Maryam , Zarrati Amir , Farrokhzad Pouya
Published: March 2021

The problematic consequences regarding formation of air-core vortices at the intakes and the drastic necessity of a thorough investigation into the phenomenon has resulted in particular attention being placed on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as an economically viable method. Two main approaches could be taken using CFD, namely the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods each of which is characterized by specific advantages and disadvantages. Whereas many researchers have used the Eulerian approach for vortex simulation, the Lagrangian approach has not been found in the literature. The present study dealt with the comparison of the Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches in the simulation of vortex flow. Simulations based on both approaches were carried out by solving the Navier–Stokes equations accompanied by the LES turbulence model. The results of the numerical model were evaluated in accordance with a physical model for steady vortex flow using particle image velocimetry (PIV), revealing that both approaches are sufficiently capable of simulating the vortex flow but with the difference that the Lagrangian method has greater computational cost with less accuracy.
1,2-DCA Natural Attenuation Evaluation in Groundwater: Insight by Dual Isotope 13C/37Cl and Molecular Analysis Approach
Authors: Carpani Giovanna , Marchesi Massimo , Pietrini Ilaria , Alberti Luca , Zaninetta Luciano Massimo , Shouakar-Stash Orfan , de Ferra Francesca
Published: March 2021

Natural attenuation (NA) processes represent a valuable option in groundwater remediation. At a heavily 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) contaminated site, Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) in combination with Biological Molecular Tools (BMTs) were implemented as a rigorous characterization approach to evaluate the occurrence of Natural Attenuation in the proximity of the source area. By the use of microcosm experiments, the potential for natural and enhanced biodegradation under anaerobic conditions was documented, following the dichloroelimination pathway. Enrichment factors of −9.1‰ and −11.3‰ were obtained for 13C while Geobacter spp. and reductive dehalogenase genes (rdhs) were identified as main site-specific biomarkers. At pilot scale, enrichments of 13.5‰ and 6.3‰ for δ13C and δ37Cl, respectively, high levels of reductive dehalogenase (rdh group VI) along with the dominance of Geobacter spp. indicated the occurrence of significant dichloroelimination processes in groundwater under anaerobic conditions. By using the site-specific enrichment factors, degradation extents over approximately 70–80% were estimated, highlighting the relevant potential of NA in 1,2-DCA degradation in the vicinity of the source area at the site. The proposed fine-tuned protocol, including CSIA and BMTs, is proven to be effective as a groundwater remediation strategy, properly assessing and monitoring NA at site scale.
Interdecadal Variability in Myanmar Rainfall in the Monsoon Season (May–October) Using Eigen Methods
Authors: Mie Sein Zin Mie , Ullah Irfan , Saleem Farhan , Zhi Xiefei , Syed Sidra , Azam Kamran
Published: March 2021

In this study, we investigated the interdecadal variability in monsoon rainfall in the Myanmar region. The gauge-based gridded rainfall dataset of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and Climatic Research Unit version TS4.0 (CRU TS4.0) were used (1950–2019) to investigate the interdecadal variability in summer monsoon rainfall using empirical orthogonal function (EOF), singular value decomposition (SVD), and correlation approaches. The results reveal relatively negative rainfall anomalies during the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, whereas strong positive rainfall anomalies were identified for the 1970s and 2010s. The dominant spatial variability mode showed a dipole pattern with a total variance of 47%. The power spectra of the principal component (PC) from EOF revealed a significant peak during decadal timescales (20–30 years). The Myanmar summer monsoon rainfall positively correlated with Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and negatively correlated with Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The results reveal that extreme monsoon rainfall (flood) events occurred during the negative phase of the PDO and below-average rainfall (drought) occurred during the positive phase of the PDO. The cold phase (warm phase) of AMO was generally associated with negative (positive) decadal monsoon rainfall. The first SVD mode indicated the Myanmar rainfall pattern associated with the cold and warm phase of the PDO and AMO, suggesting that enhanced rainfall for about 53% of the square covariance fraction was related to heavy rain over the study region except for the central and eastern parts. The second SVD mode demonstrated warm sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (El Niño pattern) and cold SST in the North Atlantic Ocean, implying a rainfall deficit of about 33% of the square covariance fraction, which could be associated with dry El Niño conditions (drought). The third SVD revealed that cold SSTs in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific (La Niña pattern) caused enhance rainfall with a 6.7% square covariance fraction related to flood conditions. Thus, the extra-subtropical phenomena may affect the average summer monsoon trends over Myanmar by enhancing the cross-equatorial moisture trajectories into the North Atlantic Ocean.
Maladies transmissibles et alteration de la biodiversite: quelles relations ?
Authors: Robardet Emmanuelle , Charbonnel Nathalie , Guégan Jean-François , Monchâtre-Leroy Elodie , Parodi André , Gauchot Jean-Yves , Zeller Hervé , Boussarie Didier , Artois Marc
Published: March 2021

Les auteurs réunis sous l’égide de l’Académie vétérinaire de France ont étudié comment la littérature scientifique interroge le rapport entre l’émergence de zoonoses ou de nouvelles maladies infectieuses humaines et animales, d’une part et les pertes de biodiversité observées sous l’effet des pressions humaines d’autre part. L’examen de la littérature consultée décrit comment certains agents pathogènes peuvent passer du « réservoir » naturel sauvage à celui des animaux domestiques et aux populations humaines. L’exploitation et la destruction des milieux naturels comme les forêts primaires et les zones humides tropicales, ainsi que le rapprochement d’espèces consécutif, favorisent des contacts permettant le passage (direct ou via des réservoirs intermédiaires) d’agents pathogènes du réservoir sauvage aux humains, qui propagent ensuite ces agents sur la planète. Il existe toutefois une importante variabilité des modalités permettant le passage, puis la propagation locale et planétaire des agents pathogènes issus de la biodiversité. Il est prématuré de tirer des conclusions générales sur les relations que cette revue scientifique a examinées. L’article suggère néanmoins que l’approche pluridisciplinaire doit progresser tant dans le domaine de la recherche que dans celui des pratiques et de l’enseignement. Cette pluridisciplinarité implique une étroite collaboration entre les médecines vétérinaires et humaines, l’écologie de la santé, d’autres disciplines biologiques et environnementales, et les sciences humaines.
Faldas cortas, lenguas largas: Disciplinamiento y estereotipos sobre la vestimenta femenina
Authors: Artieda Paccieri María René Nirvana , Durán Céspedes Flavia , Cámara Vásquez Luis Carlos , Vildoso Murguía María Micaela , Lucano Uzquiano Diego Fabricio
Published: March 2021

Las mujeres están inmersas en una estructura social en la que deben aceptar y reproducir constantemente todas las exigencias estéticas sobre de la presentación del cuerpo y la construcción de los roles y papeles a los que están sujetas históricamente. Estas demandas patriarcales provienen de lo que Judith Butler por ciertos códigos de vestimenta viabiliza la reproducción de estereotipos patriarcales y la reificación de las estudiantes de la Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, regional La Paz. Por otro lado, el estudio hace énfasis en la importancia de los estándares de belleza aceptados por ambos géneros, su influencia en la construcción de la identidad femenina y, paralelamente, en la convivencia entre mujeres.
Dinámica espacio-temporal de uso, cambio de uso y cobertura de suelo en la región centro de la Sierra Madre Oriental: Implicaciones para una estrategia REDD+ (Reducción de Emisiones por la Deforestación y Degradación)
Authors: Leija Edgar G. , Pavón Numa P. , Sánchez-González Arturo , Rodríguez-Laguna Rodrigo , Ángeles-Pérez Gregorio
Published: March 2021

En México, la deforestación de los bosques y selvas han colocado a una gran variedad de especies de flora y fauna en peligro de extinción. Este impacto genera grandes emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmosfera. Este trabajo analizó la dinámica de cambio en la cobertura y uso de suelo en la región centro de la Sierra Madre Oriental, particularmente en la región Huasteca. Se interpretaron y clasificaron tres imágenes de satélite Landsat (1986, 1990 y 2000) y una imagen de satélite Spot 2015. Se calcularon las tasas de deforestación a través del método propuesto por la FAO. Se elaboraron los escenarios a futuro con el Software DINAMICA EGO, para conocer las tendencias de cambio de las coberturas y usos del suelo al 2030 y 2050. Se estimó el potencial de carbono en dos fragmentos de bosque mesófilo en los municipios de Tlanchinol y San Bartolo a través del método NDVI y con base al INFyS de la CONAFOR para la implementación de una estrategia futura de REDD+. Los resultados muestran que para la región Huasteca, las tasas de deforestación anual oscilan entre el 0.7% y 4.5% y para los fragmentos de bosque mesófilo entre el 1.3% y 1.5%, mismas que son transformadas para áreas agropecuarias. La cantidad de carbono estimada para ambos fragmentos de bosque fue de 13,539. 84 toneladas por hectárea para el municipio de Tlanchinol y 4,363.02 toneladas de carbono por hectárea para el municipio de San Bartolo. Por ello, REDD+ permitiría frenar el avance de la deforestación en la Huasteca y de los fragmentos de BMM en la región centro de la Sierra Madre Oriental. Sin embargo, es necesario involucrar estudios como el de éste trabajo para la construcción de una estrategia futura orientada a un manejo integral del territorio de manera sustentable.
Factors affecting Brand Loyalty on Green Product Consumption
Authors: Khamtanet Khamtanet , Jitkuekul Premruedee
Published: March 2021

Objective - This study aims to investigate the importance of brand trust affecting green product repeat purchases using a statistics program with structural equation modelling (SEM) to conduct confirmation factor analysis and correlation analysis between the independent and dependent variables.
Methodology/Technique – This study collected data from 820 green-product consumers in the northeast region of Thailand. Samples were recruited from 20 local department stores across 20 provinces. The study used a stratified sampling technique to stratify each province’s residents.
Findings - SEM analysis shows that brand trust has a positive correlation to brand engagement and loyalty with a statistical significance value of 0.05, together with a beta coefficient value of 0.68 and 0.54. The study also found that brand engagement has positive correlation to loyalty with a statistical significance value of 0.05, together with a beta coefficient value of 0.75. These results mean that when the customer trusted the brand, it would lead to brand engagement and being big a fan of the brand. This is because the customer is unfamiliar with green products, and there are some critical factors such as price and quality. Thus, building brand trust would decrease customer apprehension. When customers feel safe, they will feel engage to the brand. Accordingly, when customers are engaged to the brand, they become loyal to the brand leading to repeat purchasers, word of mouth, and brand advocacy.
Novelty – This paper contributes to the understanding on green product consumption and customer behaviour and can be used to formulate the right strategies for promoting green products, based on critical factors that influence the customer buying process. Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: M31, M39

Keywords: Brand Engagement; Brand Trust; Green Products; Loyalty; Structural Equation Modelling; Customer Buying Process; Brand Loyalty
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Khamtanet, Jitkuekul, P. (2021). Factors affecting Brand Loyalty on Green Product Consumption, Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 6(1) 16 – 23. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2021.6.1(2)
ABU YUSUF DAN PAJAK (KONSEP DALAM KITAB AL-KHARAJ DAN RELEVANSINYA DA-LAM EKONOMI SAAT INI)
Authors: Zunaidi Arif
Published: March 2021

Sebagai tokoh yang memiliki nama besar, Abu Yusuf memiliki karya fenomenal dalam bidang pajak, yaitu kitab Al-Kharaj. Kitab yang ditulis atas permintaan Khalifah Harun Ar-Rasyid ini digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam pengelolaan pajak. Sebagai salah satu sektor penting dalam penerimaan negara, pajak seharusnya tidak mendzolimi masyarakat dari besaran presentasenya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah penulisan kitab Al-Kharaj  dan isi kitabnya. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga untuk mengetahui konsep pajak yang ditulis Abu Yusuf dan utilitasnya dengan ekonomi saat ini.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metodologi pemikiran tokoh yang dilacak dari sikap, tulisan atau pun tanggapan pada suatu kasus fenomena yang terjadi pada masa itu. Untuk mengetahui latar belakang pemikiran Abu Yusuf tidak bisa mengesampingkan beberapa faktor yang ada, baik faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal yang menjadi pemicunya. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pemikiran Abu Yusuf tentang pajak menjadi salah satu konsep yang dilaksanakan hingga saat ini. Konsepnya dipakai dan diaplikasikan dalam menentukan presentase penerimaan pajak oleh negara. Konsep Al-Kharaj digunakan dalam sektor penerimaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB), bea cukai.
Kata kunci: Abu Yusuf, Kitab Al-Kharaj, Pajak, Pendapatan Negara
 
As a well-known figure, Abu Yusuf has written a phenomenal work in taxation studies, namely al-Kharaj. This book which written at the request of the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid is used as a guide in tax management efforts. As one of the important sectors in state revenue, taxes should not deceive the public from their percentage. The article aims to find out the context of Al-Kharaj and its contents. Therefore, this study seeks to reveal the thoughts of Abu Yusuf and his background which were traced through his attitudes, writings, and responses to a case that occurred at that time. In addition, the paper is also to find out the tax concept initiated by Abu Yusuf and its practice in economic conditions' today. The results of this study found that Abu Yusuf's thought about taxes is one of the concepts that is still used today. This concept is applied in determining the percentage of tax revenue by the state. The Al-Kharaj concept is also used in the land and building tax (PBB) and customs revenue sectors.
Fully flexible liquid-to-gas phase change actuators with integrated liquid metal heaters
Authors: Usui Tatsuya , Ishizuka Hiroki , Hiraki Takefumi , Kawahara Yoshihiro , Ikeda Sei , Oshiro Osamu
Published: March 2021

In recent years, soft robots have been attracting interest because of their potential for new application fields. Among soft actuators for soft robots, liquid-to-gas phase change actuators have the advantage of structural simplicity. However, the actuators require an external heater to vaporize a low boiling point liquid inside the actuator. The heater typically consists of a solid electrode that often reduces the durability and flexibility of the heater. In this study, we propose a small liquid-to-gas phase change actuator with an integrated liquid metal heater. A low boiling point liquid and liquid metal heater were encapsulated in a nylon-polyethylene bladder using wire molding. The proposed soft actuator has high flexibility and durability against bending because of the material used. We experimentally characterized actuators of different sizes with respect to the generated force, displacement, and time response. We also confirmed that the soft actuator could work even after bending 1000 times.
Analysis of leaky surface acoustic waves on quartz thin plates bonded to similar-material substrate
Authors: Fujimaki Takumi , Suzuki Masashi , Kakio Shoji
Published: March 2021

The propagation and resonance properties of a leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) on quartz thin plates bonded to a similar-material substrate are investigated theoretically. The electromechanical coupling factor K
2 on Z-cut quartz (Z–Q) thin plates bonded to an AT-cut 0°X-propagating quartz (AT0°X-Q) support substrate is calculated to be 0.43%, which is approximately three times larger than the maximum value of a single quartz substrate. A positive temperature coefficient of frequency for LSAW can be produced on a quartz thin plate bonded to a quartz substrate with a different cut angle. By the finite element method, the aluminum thin-film thickness dependence of the resonance properties of LSAW on LST-cut quartz (LST-Q) and LST-Q/AT0°X-Q is analyzed. In the simulation with the optimal Al thin-film thickness, the admittance ratio on the LST-Q/AT0°X-Q is found to be larger than that for the single LST-Q.
Synthesis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by plasma-in-liquid process
Authors: Hieda Junko , Nakashima Hitoshi , Hirano Manabu
Published: March 2021

Polymer synthesis was demonstrated by way of a plasma generated in bubbles in a monomer aqueous solution without a polymerization initiator reagent. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was successfully synthesized by the plasma-in-liquid process. Radicals were generated by the plasma in the monomer solution, leading to the polymerization reaction. The molecular weights of PNIPAM synthesized at the discharge treatment time of 60 and 90 min were higher than those of PNIPAM synthesized at the discharge time of 10 and 30 min. The maximum m/z of PNIPAM synthesized at the discharge treatment time of 60 min was approximately 17 000. However, it decreased at the discharge treatment time of 90 min. This was attributed to the decomposition of the polymer, which occurred in the plasma-in-liquid process. Polymerization of the monomer proceeded only during the discharge process, in contrast with conventional polymerization processes. Thus, the generated radicals acted as both polymerization initiators and inhibitors.
DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE LEARNING AND WAYS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Lomakina L.
Published: March 2021

The study highlights the relevance of the organization of distance learning in quarantine conditions. The theoretical analysis of normative educational documents, scientific literature on the use of information and communication technologies in the distance education system, as well as directions for solving issues in ensuring the quality of higher education is carried out. The current state of implementation of distance learning in educational institutions is considered, the experience in the organization of distance learning is studied, and the necessary means for the effective organization of distance learning are identified. A theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature on the problem of determining the advantages and disadvantages of distance education was carried out. Much attention is given to the prospects for the development of distance education in Ukraine. The directions for further improvement of distance learning are proposed.
ENTERPRENEURAL ENVIRONMENT & CROSS-CULTURIAL MANAGEMENT: A ROAD MAP FOR SUSTAINING AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Idemobi Ellis I. , Onukwuli Gabriel A.
Published: March 2021

For African operations to succeed in Western countries, African entrepreneurs must embrace entrepreneurs’ environmental management competencies as part of a strategic focus for crosscultural management. This article examines entrepreneurial environment and cross-cultural management as a road map of sustaining African development. The specific objectives are to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial environment and cross-cultural management; to examine why cross-cultural orientation is important in African entrepreneurs; and to determine the effect of globalization on entrepreneurial environment and cross-cultural management. This paper argued that entrepreneurial culture, environmental turbulence and global network competencies improve the relationship between entrepreneurial environment and cross-cultural management. Therefore, by drawing insights from the existing review of the literature, our purpose is to improve understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurial environment and cross-cultural management under the moderating effects of entrepreneurial culture, macro environment and global network competence. A model of entrepreneurial environment and cross-cultural management is also suggested to provide useful insights in the context of African entrepreneurs.
Effect of anticoagulant therapy on the course of COVID-19 in comorbid patients
Authors: Ruzhentsova T. A. , Khavkina D. A. , Chukhliaev P. V. , Garbuzov A. A. , Ploskireva A. A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Analysis of the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection caused SARS-CoV-2 indicates a significant impact of hemorheological disorders on its course and outcomes. It is known that chronic cardiovascular diseases are associated with the risk of severe course and lethal outcomes both in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Therefore, in each case it is necessary to study the interaction and mutual influence of different components of the treatment program prescribed to such patients.The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of coagulation activity on the course of a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and to justify the management of comorbid patients having been received novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in previously selected doses according to indications in concomitant somatic diseases.Material and methods. Total 76 cases of confirmed coronavirus infection in patients who had been received initial therapy on an outpatient basis were analyzed. 26 patients who received NOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran) made up the main group and 50 - the comparison (control) group in which patients had not been administered any drugs that affect blood clotting until the episode of COVID-19. All patients have been prescribed therapy following the Provisional guidelines «Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus infection (COVID-19)» (https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/).Results and discussion. The number of hospitalizations was significantly fewer in the group of patients who had been received NOACs (19 vs. 66% in the control group). No deaths or cases of severe respiratory and/or renal failure were observed in the main group, while adverse outcomes were noted in 14% of patients who had not been administered these drugs.Conclusion. Taking NOACs reduces the probability of severe course and adverse outcomes in the development of coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, which indicates a significant contribution of coagulation mechanisms to the pathogenesis in COVID-19. There were no indications for drug replacement and correction of anticoagulant therapy regimens in patients who received adequate therapy with oral anticoagulants for treating a non-severe form of coronavirus infection in ambulatory patient settings.
Interferon gamma in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19
Authors: Myasnikov A. L. , Berns S. A. , Talyzin P. A. , Ershov F. I.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Interferons are produced in response to the presence of pathogens in cells and are responsible for the proper formation of immune reaction. Preliminary data obtained in studies of properties of recombinant interferon gamma (IFN-γ) that involved patients with community-acquired pneumonia (including bacterial), acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), influenza and new coronavirus infection have shown promising results.The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of subcutaneous administration of IFN-γ in patients with viral pneumonia on the changes of vital signs and the duration of hospital stay.Material and methods. An open-label, randomized, low-interventional study included patients with moderate new coronavirus infection COVID-19 over 18 years of age of both sexes. IFN-γ 500,000 IU was administered s/c, daily, once a day, during 5 days.Results. IFN-y in addition to complex therapy of the disease resulted in more favorable changes in the stabilization of vital signs, as well as in reduced length of fever and hospital stay by 2 days what allows suggesting a positive effect of this substance on the recovery processes in patients with moderate COVID-19. Special emphasis should be made to the fact that patients who received recombinant IFN- γ experienced no progression of respiratory failure and required no transfer to intensive care unit.Discussion. This study confirms earlier obtained data on the positive effect of IFN-y on the rate of clinical stabilization and recovery of patients with community-acquired pneumonia and viral infections. Presented results are limited to a small number of patients; further study of drug properties in post-marketing studies is required.Conclusion. Progress in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 by adding recombinant IFN-γ to the complex therapy may reasonably expand the range of existing treatment options for this infection.
Rapid diagnostics of novel coronavirus infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Khafizov K. F. , Petrov V. V. , Krasovitov K. V. , Zolkina M. V. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: March 2021

This review presents the basic principles of application of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for the rapid diagnosis of coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The basic technical details of the method, and the most popular approaches of specific and non-specific detection of amplification products are briefly described. We also discuss the first published works on the use of the method for the detection of the nucleic acid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including those being developed in the Russian Federation. For commercially available and published LAMP-based assays, the main analytical characteristics of the tests are listed, which are often comparable to those based on the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and in some cases are even superior. The advantages and limitations of this promising methodology in comparison to other methods of molecular diagnostics, primarily RT-PCR, are discussed, as well as the prospects for the development of technology for the detection of other infectious agents.
Sivil İtaatsizlik ve Hukuk
Authors: MÜDERRİSOĞLU Ümit
Published: March 2021

Sivil itaatsizlik, H.David Thoreau’nun kavramsallaştırdığı, demokratik bir toplumda siyasal toplumun ortaya koyduğu hukuk normu ve uygulamanın, adalet, insan hakları gibi sivil ve siyasal toplumun temelini oluşturan ilkelere aykırı olduğu yönünde sivil toplumu oluşturan bireylerin, sivil toplum üzerinden siyasal topluma mesaj verme amaçlı, şiddete başvurmayan, kamuya açık bir eylemidir.
Sivil itaatsizlik temel bir insan hakkıdır. Çoğulculuk ve farklılığın esas olduğu modern sivil toplumlarda çoğunluğun yönetme hakkını esas alan temsili demokrasi ile toplumun tamamını kucaklaması gereken hukukun uyuşturulabilmesi; hukukun, adalet, insan hakları gibi temel değerlere sahip olmasına bağlıdır. Sivil toplumda azınlık konumundaki bireylerin, hukuk ve uygulanmasına yönelik barışçıl itiraz ve değerlendirmeleri pozitif hukuk normuna aykırı olsa da sivil itaatsizlik olarak meşrudur
Use of artificial neural network in performance prediction of Solid desiccant powered Vapor compression air conditioning systems
Authors: Jani DB
Published: March 2021

In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) model for a solid desiccant-vapor compression hybrid air-conditioning system is developed to predict the cooling capacity, power input and coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. This paper also describes the experimental test set up for collecting the required experimental test data. The experimental measurements are taken at steady state conditions while varying the input parameters like air stream flow rates and regeneration temperature. Most of the experimental test data (80%) are used for training the ANN model while remaining (20%) are used for the testing of ANN model. Experimental data were collected during cooling period of March to September. The outputs predicted from the ANN model have a high coefficient of correlation (R>0.988) in predicting the system performance. The results show that the ANN model can be applied successfully and can provide high accuracy and reliability for predicting the performance of the hybrid desiccant cooling systems.

Keywords: Artificial neural network; Coefficient of performance; Dehumidifier effectiveness; Moisture removal rate, TRNSYS
Black Market Next To My Name
Authors: Malone Daniel
Published: March 2021

Projekt artystyczny Daniela Malone'a "Black Market Next To My Name".
Water Politics between Pakistan and India: An Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Javed  , Israr Rasool  , Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Pakistan is blessed with rich natural resources in which water resources are the major ones. Yet the level of this important resource has been reached at an alarming level due to myriad factors such as misuse, mismanagement, and politics in water sectors at both levels national and international. The study is presenting an overview of the state of the Indus Water Treaty, Indus River Basin, and conflict between India and Pakistan in the wake of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT). The focus of the study is to reveal the hegemony of India on international waters and its relations with the outer world. Moreover, the research study has presented root causes of the water crisis, hydro politics in the South Asia region, the hegemony of India on international waters. Water management policies and co-operation mechanism is required between Pakistan and India to cope with the challenge of water shortage.
Survivance and Remembrance: A Study of Trauma and Chronotope in the Book of Gold Leaves
Authors: Kinza Sadique  , Dr. Muhammad Asif
Published: March 2021

The book of Gold leaves by Mirza Waheed aims to present the interconnectedness of memory and trauma in making the survival of an individual complicated. Memory of any incident makes it traumatic when it returns with haunted effects. Remembrance of traumatic incidents makes survival complicated by creating a distressing situation for the devastated self by switching the timeless past into the present through Bakhtin's chronotopic images of time and place. Struggle to re-memorize the event through narration is like denying the traditional concept of indescribability of trauma and narration is equal to re-live that moment and be at that place again in the memory when places turned into traumatic sites and time ceased. Time becomes circular and these sites become a referent of that devastating time according to Caruth, it is the trauma of survival rather than the death that pinches most.  Waheed's book of Gold leaves is a part of Kashmiri literature, explores the struggle to gain freedom and identity through collective losses. Intriguing situations of lockdown and bombings are enough to create hollow identities. Thus Words, being semantically analyzed, heighten the trauma of survival through the Spatio-temporal spectrum.