bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Downward Trend in Postsecondary Horticulture Program Availability between 1997 and 2017
Authors: Brown Alyssa J. , Allen Phil S. , Jolley Greg V. , Stewart J. Ryan
Published: June 2019

For the past several years, many college horticulture programs have experienced a decline in undergraduate enrollment, resulting in the elimination of some degrees. In this study, we compared postsecondary U.S. horticulture program availability from a survey completed in 1997 with offerings existing in 2012 and 2017. In 1997, 446 U.S. postsecondary institutions offered degrees and/or certificates in horticulture. In 2012, this number had decreased by 43% to 253 institutions, which included 98 with 4-year degrees, 215 with 2-year degrees, and 138 with certificate programs. In 2017, the total number of institutions offering horticulture-related degrees and/or certificates decreased to 209, representing a 53% decrease over the 20 years from 1997 to 2017 and a 17% decrease during the 5-year period between 2012 and 2017. In 2017, 85 institutions offered 4-year degrees, 133 offered 2-year degrees, and 98 offered certificate programs, which over this 5-year period represents decreases of 13%, 38%, and 29%, respectively. “Horticulture” was the most common program title in both 2012 and 2017, and the percentage of programs with this name increased during the 5-year period for all program types. In 2017, 28 horticulture programs not identified in the 1997 survey were found, but only two of these were confirmed to have been created since 1997. Overall, these data suggest a trajectory toward elimination of 2-year and certificate programs, and continued consolidation for 4-year degrees. If it continues, this trend is not favorable for the continued vitality of postsecondary horticulture programs in the United States and may impact progress negatively for the field of horticulture as a whole.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Source and Rate on Growth and Nutrient Leachate Profile of Greenhouse-grown Cucumber
Authors: Li Yuqi , Mattson Neil S.
Published: June 2019

Fertility management of seedlings and transplants is considered a key challenge in organic greenhouse production. This study was conducted to determine response of greenhouse-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and nutrient release profile to two organic fertilizers and their combinations applied at three different concentrations in organic substrate. The organic fertilizers used were a turkey litter–based compost (TC) and a dairy manure vermicompost (VC). In addition, two control treatments [no fertilization (CK), conventional liquid fertilizer (CF)] were included. For TC, substrate leachate pH decreased for the first 17 days after addition and then increased, whereas electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium (Ca) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) concentrations increased and then declined. For VC, EC decreased continuously over time from days 0 to 52, whereas pH increased. The Ca and NO3−-N concentrations decreased over time to 24 days and then did not change further. For TC/VC combinations, EC was stable for the first 17 days and then declined. For all organic fertilizer applications, potassium concentration was stable for the first 17 days and then decreased, whereas most of the sodium, ammonium-nitrogen, and chloride were no longer leached by 24 days. The VC and TC/VC combinations did not affect cucumber seed germination rate, seedling survival rate, seedling height, and leaf greenness (SPAD) as compared with CF. The stem length, leaf number, dry weight (DW), root index, and SPAD readings of cucumber transplants increased with increasing TC and VC fertilizer applications. The TC/VC combinations increased the biomass of cucumber transplants compared with CK, and did not differ from CF. The results of this study indicated that the 28.32 lb/yard3 of VC (high rate) or the 9.44 lb/yard3 of VC combined with 4 lb/yard3 of TC (medium rate) can be substituted for CF for the cultivation of cucumber seedlings. Based on DW, the 12 lb/yard3 of TC (high rate) or the 4 lb/yard3 of TC combined with 9.44 lb/yard3 of VC (medium rate) fertilizers were suitable replacements for CF for the cultivation of cucumber transplants.
Tolerance or Assimilation: The Legends of the Chinese Restaurant and "The Gypsy's Tavern"
Authors: Kovačević Ivan
Published: June 2019

Studying urban legends, the French folklorist Véronique Campion-Vincent posed the question of whether some of the more recent legends preach tolerance. The "elevator incident" or "swallowed ticket" legends display a different attitude to Others from that found in classic xenophobic urban legends. This different attitude is also to be found in two legends recorded in Serbia, namely, the legend of the Chinese restaurant and the legend of "The Gypsy's Tavern". An analysis of the two legends shows that the ambiguity of "tolerance legends" does not arise from the fact that they speak about a xenophobic environment while at the same time having a denouement that "preaches" tolerance, but rather from the fact that the "preaching" relates to those Others who have gone through a process of acculturation, who have been assimilated and who have accepted the rules of "our" culture. These legends do not preach tolerance towards the Otherness of Others but towards Others who are striving  to become or have managed to  become "Us".
From Genre Poetics to Structure: Nada Milošević-Djordjević's Contribution to Serbian Structural Folklore Studies
Authors: Antonijević Dragana
Published: June 2019

This paper looks at the structural analyses of the composition of several oral literary genres in Serbian literature performed by Prof. Nada Milošević-Đorđević. By analyzing romantic tales, religious tales, tales of fate and sagas, Milošević-Đorđević, a renowned Serbian folklore scholar, has made original contributions to narrative semiotics and syntagmatic analysis. Taking as her starting point the morphology of Vladimir Propp but also of some other semioticians, she revised his narrative scheme, adapting it to the specific characteristics of these literary genres and also proposing an entirely original scheme for religious tales and tales of fate, thus becoming one of the first literary folklorists in Serbia to apply structural analysis.
UFO Religions – Beginnings and Main Forms
Authors: Sinani Danijel
Published: June 2019

This paper looks at UFO religions, and considers the major factors that have played a role in the emergence and development of these alternative religious movements - from reports of close encounters of the third and fourth kinds and science fiction production, to alternative ideological elaborations of contacts with extraterrestrial worlds. It looks at the basic theological premises, iconography, activities, and, more generally, cultural precepts of several UFO religious movements (the Aetherius Society, Heaven's Gate, Unarius, the Raelian movement). Attention is drawn to the religious connotations of UFO discourse, and its motifs of "otherness" and "supernaturalness". In addition, the relation between the roles and themes promoted within the contactee movement and the accounts of persons claiming to have been abducted by aliens is explored. Finally, the paper highlights the key existential questions and identifies the themes and motifs with which UFO religionists present themselves to the public.
World Cereal Nitrogen Use Efficiency Trends: Review and Current Knowledge
Authors: Omara Peter , Aula Lawrence , Oyebiyi Fikayo , Raun William R.
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Cereal N use efficiency was estimated at 35, 41, 30, and 21% for the world, the United States, China, and India, respectively.

There was a trend for increased N fertilizer consumption for agricultural use.

Best N fertilizer management practices could improve N use efficiency.

Two decades ago, world cereal nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was documented at 33%. Since then, research addressing NUE has advanced. However, there are no current estimates to communicate whether or not research efforts and recent advances have contributed to improved NUE. With the apparent trends for increasing greenhouse gases, NUE values could be used as a management tool for agronomic and environmental sustainability. Our objective was to provide current estimates and trends of NUE for the world and selected countries for cereal crops cultivated in relatively large quantities. Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (www.fao.org/faostat) website were used to compute NUE. The difference method was employed to derive NUE and trends. Results indicated that cereal NUE in 2015 was 35, 41, 30, and 21% for the world, the United States, China, and India, respectively. Compared with 33% reported in 1999, there was insignificant trend of increase (r2 = 0.01) from 2002 to 2015 for cereal world NUE (p > 0.05). Low NUE for China and India was due to high N consumption. A slight improvement for the United States from 31% in 2002 to 41% in 2015 (r2 = 0.20) could be a result of using improved cultivars and precision crop management. Increasing cereal NUE in the United States echoes the value of new technologies and the heightened importance of the environment. Recognizing year‐to‐year variability in N fertilizer requirement and implementing a systematic approach that combines agronomic recommendations with improved crop varieties could further improve NUE.
Dairy Manure and Synthetic Fertilizer: A Meta‐Analysis of Crop Production and Environmental Quality
Authors: O'Brien Peter L. , Hatfield Jerry L.
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Dairy manure matches synthetic fertilizer in yield and quality of row crops.

Manure application increases soil organic matter and soil P levels.

Appropriate application rates are critical to avoid negative environmental impacts.

Dairy production systems rely on row crop agriculture to produce feed because animal density continues to rise, whereas land allocated to dairy farms is decreasing. Management of the entire dairy system, including animals, forages, and manure, must be optimized to meet production goals while remaining economically viable. Many producers apply dairy manure to meet crop nutrient demand, both reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer and the cost associated with manure disposal. However, repeated manure applications have been linked with environmental concerns, such as soil nutrient loading, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and decreased water quality. The objective of this research was to synthesize the literature comparing dairy manure fertilizer with synthetic fertilizer in row crop agricultural production systems to determine impacts on both crop productivity and environmental quality. Fifty‐eight studies were included in a meta‐analysis that showed that, when applied at rates providing comparable levels of plant‐available N, manure fertilizer matched synthetic fertilizer in crop production, quality, and digestibility. Manure application increased soil organic matter, which may have an overall positive effect on long‐term soil fertility, but it also increased soil P, suggesting a threat to water quality. Soil nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions were highly variable across studies, so no clear trends were evident. Overall, these findings suggest that manure is a suitable fertilizer in row crop agriculture, but it should be applied with caution to limit risk to environmental quality, which can vary with site‐specific factors like climate, soil texture, and application practices.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Soil Contaminated with the Veterinary Antibiotics Oxytetracycline and Sulfamethazine
Authors: Ostermann Anne , Mortimer Peter E. , Huang Rongcai , Ma Lu , Bu Dengpan , Xu Jianchu
Published: June 2019

Veterinary and growth‐promoting antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry and accumulate in manure‐fertilized soils. However, the impact of these antibiotics on symbiotic nitrogen fixation is poorly understood. We investigated the effect of the veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine, and a combination of both, on nitrogen fixation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti. In a pot experiment, M. sativa was grown in soils fertilized with fresh manure that contained environmentally relevant antibiotic concentrations (0.2, 2, and 200 mg kg−1). Nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient concentrations were determined in the alfalfa plants and soils after 12 wk. Compared with the antibiotic‐free control, symbiotic nitrogen fixation increased significantly in soils mixed with manure containing 2 and 200 mg kg−1 oxytetracycline (20.1 and 20.8% increase, respectively) and a mixture of 200 mg kg−1 oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine (12.4% increase). The measured plant‐ and soil‐related parameters failed to explain the observed increase in nitrogen fixation. However, using concentration levels that accurately reflect common agricultural practices, we obtained results that directly contradict other experiments conducted under unrealistically high antibiotic concentrations.

Core Ideas

Oxytetracycline in soil increased symbiotic N fixation of alfalfa.

Sulfamethazine did not affect N fixation.

Findings contradict previous studies, likely due to lower antibiotic concentrations.

Differences in nitrogen fixation were independent from soil mineral N.
Maria Boa: Women, Prostitution, and the Queer Subject in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Nicholus Sarah
Published: June 2019

Known as "Maria Boa," the renowned cabaré owner and sex worker of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Maria de Oliveira Barros emerges in many local cultural productions. This article follows her navigation and negotiation of a complex nexus of race, class, gender, and sexual relations in the mid-twentieth century Brazilian Northeast. I utilize three examples—a contemporary cordel poem, the space of the Cabaré Maria Boa, and a quadrilha dance performance—to explore how queerness is expressed through traditional, rural culture that has also traveled to cities with migration. I argue that Maria Boa serves a prism for understanding articulations of queerness in the region. Her intersectional identity negotiation is at once traditional and subversive and her story paradigmatic of the complexities of queer identity in the Brazilian Northeast.
Tavares, Maria. No Country for Nonconforming Women: Feminine Conceptions of Lusophone Africa. Legenda, 2018
Authors: Sousa Sandra I.
Published: June 2019

Maria Tavares's first monograph poses an immediate question: Are nonconforming women dispossessed from a country, any country? The provocative title sets in motion a study based on the comparative analysis of three female authors from Lusophone Africa, namely Dina Salústio from Cape Verde, Paulina Chiziane from Mozambique, and the Angolan Rosária da Silva. Tavares takes as her point of departure the fact that, despite their differences, all three were the first female writers to publish in the context of their respective independent nations.
AB’NİN NORMATİF GÜÇ KİMLİĞİ VE SURİYE MÜLTECİ KRİZİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ ÜZERİNE IAN MANNERS’IN TEORİK YAKLAŞIMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE POLİTİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: ALKAN Yavuz Selim
Published: June 2019

Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) Suriye mülteci krizinin
yönetimi noktasında izlediği politika uluslararası siyasette ve akademik
literatürde eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Bu eleştirilerin önemli bir kısmı,
AB’nin krize yönelik izlediği göç politikasının onun normatif güç kimliği ile uyumlu
olup olmadığına odaklanır. AB, Ian Manners’ın teorik çerçevesine referansla
sıklıkla normatif bir politik güç şeklinde tanımlanır. Normatif güç olan AB’nin
mülteci krizine yönelik izlemesi gereken politikanın özetle şöyle bir nitelik
göstermesi beklenir: AB değerleri ve bilhassa insan hakları odaklı, ulusüstü
seviyede, kapsayıcı, proaktif ve uzun vadeli bir politika. Bu politika, başka
bir deyişle, realist güç politikası eksenli, krizinin özellikle güvenlik
boyutuna odaklanan, dışsallayıcı, reaktif ve kısa vadeli bir göç politikası
olmamalıdır. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışmanın amacı, AB’nin Suriye mülteci krizine
yönelik benimsediği göç politikasının AB’nin normatif güç kimliği ile uyumlu
olup olmadığını incelemektir. Metodolojik olarak AB’nin göç politikası, teknik
ve doktrinel yasal bir analizle detaylıca değil, AB’nin normatif kimliğine
referansla teorik ve analitik olarak incelenmiştir.
Analysis of historical experience and prospects for the use of herbal remedies for the treatment and prevention of helminthiasis in children
Authors: Torchigina Kseniia Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2019

In this article, the author analyzed the main advantages and disadvantages of herbal remedies, historically used to treat various helminth infections, and considered the prospects for their use for the treatment and prevention of parasitic invasions in children.
Applications of Molecular Simulation in the Discovery of Antituberculosis Drugs: A Review
Authors: Hu Jian-Ping , Wu Zhi-Xiang , Xie Tao , Liu Xin-Yu , Yan Xiao , Sun Xin , Liu Wei , Liang Li , He Gang , Gan Ya , Gou Xiao-Jun , Shi Zheng , Zou Qiang , Wan Hua , Shi Hu-Bing , Chang Shan
Published: June 2019

:

After decades of efforts, tuberculosis has been well controlled in most places. The existing drugs are no longer sufficient for the treatment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to significant toxicity and selective pressure, especially for XDR-TB. In order to accelerate the development of high-efficiency, low-toxic antituberculosis drugs, it is particularly important to use Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD) for rational drug design. Here, we systematically reviewed the specific role of molecular simulation in the discovery of new antituberculosis drugs.

:

The purpose of this review is to overview current applications of molecular simulation methods in the discovery of antituberculosis drugs. Furthermore, the unique advantages of molecular simulation was discussed in revealing the mechanism of drug resistance.

:

The comprehensive use of different molecular simulation methods will help reveal the mechanism of drug resistance and improve the efficiency of rational drug design.

:

With the help of molecular simulation methods such as QM/MM method, the mechanisms of biochemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes at atomic level in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been deeply analyzed. QSAR and virtual screening both accelerate the development of highefficiency, low-toxic potential antituberculosis drugs. Improving the accuracy of existing algorithms and developing more efficient new methods for CADD will always be a hot topic in the future. It is of great value to utilize molecular dynamics simulation to investigate complex systems that cannot be studied in experiments, especially for drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The Panomics Approach in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Szatmari Balazs , Balicza Peter , Nemeth Gyorgy , Molnar Maria Judit
Published: June 2019

Background:

The molecular genetic technologies revolutionized the diagnostics
of many disorders. Thanks to the new molecular techniques and the rapid improvement
of the information technologies the number of mendelien inherited disorders has increased
rapidly in the last five years. The omics era brought radical changes in the understanding
of complex disorders and the underlying pathomechanisms. However, in most
complex disorders the genome wide association studies could not clarify the genetic
background even for disorders where a very strong heritability had been observed.

Objective:

In this paper the changing concept of the neurodegenerative disorders is discussed.
The traditional classification of these disorders was purely based on clinical
symptoms and morphological signs in the last century. Identifying the signature lesions of
various neurodegenerative disorders may reveal a common pathological pathway in these
disorders. New neuroimaging methods provided additional tools to assess pathological
pathways in vivo already in the early stages of the diseases. Visualizing in vivo amyloid
deposits and neuroinflammation improved our understanding of their role in various neurodegenerative
disorders. Genetics may be the most precise way to identify the background
of these disorders. However, there is only limited number of cases where true association
can be proved between the disorder and the genetic mutations. Most of the neurodegenerative
disorders seem to be multifactorial and cannot be traced back to one single
cause.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, shifting from a classification based on symptomatology only
to a modern multidisciplinary approach, based on the constantly evolving panomics findings,
would improve our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and could be the
basis of novel therapeutic research.
Amino Acid and Polyamine Membrane Transporters in Trypanosoma cruzi: Biological Function and Evaluation as Drug Targets
Authors: Sayé Melisa , Reigada Chantal , Gauna Lucrecia , Valera-Vera Edward A. , Pereira Claudio A. , Miranda Mariana R.
Published: June 2019

:

Amino acids and polyamines are involved in relevant processes for the parasite Trypanosoma
cruzi, like protein synthesis, stress resistance, life cycle progression, infection establishment and
redox balance, among others. In addition to the biosynthetic routes of amino acids, T. cruzi possesses
transport systems that allow the active uptake from the extracellular medium; and in the case of polyamines,
the uptake is the unique way to obtain these compounds. The TcAAAP protein family is absent
in mammals and its members are responsible for amino acid and derivative uptake, thus the TcAAAP
permeases are not only interesting and promising therapeutic targets but could also be used to direct the
entry of toxic compounds into the parasite.

:

Although there is a treatment available for Chagas disease, its limited efficacy in the chronic stage of
the disease, as well as the side effects reported, highlight the urgent need to develop new therapies.
Discovery of new drugs is a slow and cost-consuming process, and even during clinical trials the drugs
can fail. In this context, drug repositioning is an interesting and recommended strategy by the World
Health Organization since costs and time are significantly reduced.

:

In this article, amino acids and polyamines transport and their potential as therapeutic targets will be
revised, including examples of synthetic drugs and drug repurposing.
Effects of As2O3 and Resveratrol on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells and the hERG-mediated Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Yan Caichuan , Li Fengmei , Zhang Yuhao , Li Yang , Li Mingzhu , Wang Fang , Zhang Guocui , Li Yuexin , Li Baoxin , Zhao Xin
Published: June 2019

Background:

As2O3 and resveratrol have been widely considered to be effective in anti-cancer therapies
and the underlying mechanisms have been reported extensively. However, the combined treatment effect and
potential target of As2O3 and resveratrol in the treatment of tumors remains elusive. The purpose of this study was
to investigate the benefits and efficacy of As2O3 in combination with resveratrol in the treatment of colon cancer,
as well as looking for new targets that could provide alternative explanation of the efficacy of drugs.

Methods:

The proliferation of cancer cells was measured by the MTT and EdU staining assay, while the apoptosis
of cancer cells was determined by the flow cytometry. Western blot and immunoprecipitation were performed
to measure the expression levels of proteins and the interaction between hERG and integrin β1, respectively.

Results:

In this study, we found that both As2O3 and resveratrol can effectively inhibit cell proliferation and promote
cell apoptosis in colon cancer, and the combined effect of the two drugs on colon cancer cells is more preeminent.
The combination of As2O3 with resveratrol, on the one hand reduced the expression of hERG channels
on the membrane, and on the other hand weaken the binding between hERG and integrin β 1, which may be the
main cause of downstream signaling pathways alterations, including the activation of the apoptotic pathway.

Conclusion:

Taken together, hERG, as a subunit of potassium ion channel on the cell membrane, is highly likely
to be involved in the As2O3 and resveratrol induced intracellular signaling cascade disorder, and this novel signaling
pathway that sustains the progression of colon cancer may be a promising therapeutic target for human colon
cancer treatment in the future.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antifilarial Activity of Standardized Extract of Calotropis procera Flowers against Brugia malayi
Authors: Kushwaha Vikas , Rastogi Subha , Pandey Madan Mohan , Saxena Kirti , Khatoon Sayyada , Rawat Ajay Kumar Singh , Murthy P. Kaplana
Published: June 2019

Background:

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease that causes permanent disability
(elephantiasis). Currently used antifilarial drugs are failing to control LF and there is resurgence in some
areas. Looking for new antifilarial leads, we found that Calotropis procera plant parts have been used in
traditional medicine for alleviating elephantiasis but the antifilarial activity is not known.

Objective:

In the present study, the antifilarial activity of ethanolic extract (A001) and its hexane fraction
(F001) of C. procera flowers was investigated using the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi.

Method:

A001 and F001 were tested for antifilarial activity using motility and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-
yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays (in vitro) and in the rodent models B. malayi-
Meriones unguiculatus and B. malayi-Mastomys coucha. In the rodent models, A001 and F001 were
administered orally for 5 consecutive days, and the adult worm burden and course of microfilaraemia
were determined.

Results:

Both A001 and F001 showed microfilaricidal and macrofilaricidal activity in vitro. In animal
models, A001 killed ~49-54% adult worms. In M. coucha model, F001 killed 12-60% adult worms in a
dose (125-500 mg/kg) dependent manner; A001 and F001 suppressed microfilaraemia till days 91 and 35
post initiation of treatment, respectively. HPTLC revealed 0.61% lupeol, 0.50% β-sitosterol and 1.50%
triacontanol in F001.

Conclusion:

Flowers of C. procera have definite microfilaricidal and macrofilaricidal activities. Whether
this activity is due to lupeol, β-sitosterol and triacontanol found in the hexane fraction remains to be investigated.
This is the first report on the antifilarial efficacy of flowers of the plant C. procera.
The use of Sulfonamide Derivatives in the Treatment of Trypanosomatid Parasites including Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania ssp
Authors: Scarim Cauê B. , Chelucci Rafael C. , dos Santos Jean L. , Chin Chung M.
Published: June 2019

More than 10 million people around the world are afflicted by Neglected Tropical Diseases,
such as Chagas Disease, Human African Trypanosomiasis, and Leishmania. These diseases
mostly occur in undeveloped countries that suffer from a lack of economic incentive, research, and
policy for new compound development. Sulfonamide moieties are effective scaffolds present in
several compounds that are determinants to treat various diseases, principally neglected tropical
diseases. This review article examines the contribution of these scaffolds in medicinal chemistry in
the last five years, focusing on three trypanosomatid parasites: Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma
brucei, and Leishmania ssp. We also present perspectives for their use in drug designs in an effort
to contribute to new drug development. In addition, we consider the physicochemical parameters,
whose molecules all presented according to Lipinski's rule. The correlation between the selective
index and LogP was evaluated, showing that sulfonamide derivatives can act differently against
each trypanosomatid parasite. Moreover, the approaches of novel drugs and technologies are very
important for the eventual drug discovery against trypanosomatid diseases.
Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Subdural and Epidural Intracranial Hemorrhage: Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ebrahimi Pouya , Mozafari Javad , Ilkhchi Reza Bahrami , Hanafi Mohammad Ghasem , Mousavinejad Maryam
Published: June 2019

Background:

Recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury largely depends on the
reduction in secondary brain damage. The present study aims at investigating the effect of
Tranexamic Acid (TXA) administration within the first hours of brain trauma in the emergency
department (ED).

Methods:

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in patients
with subdural and epidural hemorrhage. Patients with any type of bleeding were assigned into two
groups of TXA and 0.9% normal saline as placebo. The rate of intracranial hemorrhage after surgery
was assessed by CT-scan and amount of hemoglobin (Hb) was measured immediately before surgery
and after 6 hours of surgery.

Results:

A total of 80 participants were randomly assigned into four groups of 20 people. There was
a significant difference in the mean of intraoperative bleeding during surgery in patients receiving
TXA and placebo in both SDH (Subdural hematoma) and EDH (Epidural Hemorrhage) groups (P=
0.012). The Hb drop amount had no significant difference with placebo (P< 0.0001). No
complications were observed in any of the intervention and control groups during the study as well.

Conclusion:

The use of TXA may reduce bleeding, however, based on the results of this study, such
effect was not statistically significant in controlling the epidural and subdural hemorrhage, but
clinical trials with a higher sample size are suggested for further investigation in this regard.
Moisture Sorption Behavior of Cupuassu Powder
Authors: Pombo Joseane C. P. , Carmo Juliana R. , Araújo Adriano L. , Medeiros Heloisa H. B. R. , Pena Rosinelson S.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

In this research, the hygroscopic behavior of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) powder containing 40% maltodextrin was studied via the moisture adsorption and desorption isotherms at 25°C.

Methods:

The experimental sorption data of the cupuassu powder were fitted using the Halsey, Henderson, Oswin, GAB and Peleg models. In addition, the powder morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy.

Results:

Moisture sorption isotherms curves showed type III behavior, typical of foods rich in soluble components, such as sugars, present in the samples. The adsorption curve indicated that the product requires greater attention when stored and handled in environments with relative humidity above 50%. The microbiological stability of the product is assured up to 11.5% moisture content.

Conclusion:

During the product storage, it is recommended to use packaging with water vapor and air impermeability, due to the presence of porous microspheres that affect the protection of the active material and facilitate the moisture gain. Among the models evaluated, the Peleg and GAB models presented good suitability on predicting the product’s sorption isotherms.
Frequency Encoded All Optical Tri-state Logic Gates NOT and NAND Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Based Interferometric Switches
Authors: Maji K. , Mukherjee K. , Raja A.
Published: June 2019

All optical tri-state frequency encoded logic gates NOT and NAND are proposed and
numerically investigated using TOAD based interferometric switch for the first time to the best of
our knowledge. The optical power spectrum, extinction ratio, contrast ration, and amplified spontaneous
noise are calculated to analyze and confirm practical feasibility of the gates. The proposed
device works for low switching energy and has high contrast and extinction ratio as indicated in
this work.
XVI Международная конференция "Термоэлектрики и их применения --- 2018" (ISCTA 2018), Санкт-Петербург, 8-12 октября 2018 г. Новое направление применения термоэлектрических преобразователей энергии
Authors: Дашевский З.М. , Константинов П.П. , Скипидаров C.Я.
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn southern countries, including European states, solar collectors for additional water-heating systems are widely used. However, the disadvantage of such systems is that a considerable proportion of solar energy cannot be used with increasing water temperature and dissipates into the environment. It is proposed to use waste heat at a high temperature, which is supplied to a thermoelectric generator (TEG) operating on the basis of a temperature difference between the hot water in the solar collector and cold water supplied to a radiator on the other TEG side. This is a new application of thermoelectric converters, in which the converter can act not only as a source of electrical energy but also as a source of low-potential heat coming from the radiator. The total conversion efficiency in such devices can reach 90%. It is shown that the use of p -type legs in a TEG with the cleavage planes of the legs parallel to the heat-flux direction instead of the conventional parallel orientation results in an increase in the thermoelectric efficiency by 25% on average in the temperature range of 100–300°C.
Термоэлектрический интенсификатор теплопередачи между двумя движущимися средами с различной температурой
Authors: Кадирова Д.К.
Published: June 2019

The patented thermoelectric intensifier of heat transfer between two moving media with different temperatures was investigated. In its design, to increase the intensity of heat exchange between media, the use of fan units is provided. A mathematical model of the device was developed, based on the solution of the heat balance equation for media flows in transport zones for forward flow conditions.
The calculated data are presented in the form of the dependence of the temperature change of moving media along the length of the intensifier for different values ​​of the heat transfer coefficient between the junctions of the thermoelectric battery and the air medium in the gap of the device. It has been established that the larger the temperature difference between the inlet media, the more abrupt the dependence of the limiting length of the thermoelectric battery on the heat transfer coefficient will be.
Высоковольтные диффузионные диоды с резким восстановлением. II. Теория
Authors: Кюрегян А.С.
Published: June 2019

Approximate analytical formulas are obtained to evaluate the main characteristics of diffused step recovery diodes (SRD) operating as current interrupters in high-power generators of nanosecond pulses with an inductive energy storage: the unwanted pre-pulse voltage, characterizing resistive losses in SRD, amplitude, duration of front and duration of voltage pulse formed on the resistive load. For comparison, similar formulas for epitaxial SRD, partially obtained for the first time, and partially clarifying the early results, are given.
Низкотемпературный отжиг слаболегированных слоев n-4H-SiC после облучения быстрыми электронами
Authors: Корольков O.M. , Козловский В.B. , Лебедев A.A. , Слепчук Н. , Toompuu J. , Rang T.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effect of low-temperature (up to 600°C) isothermal and isochronous annealing on the electrical characteristics of irradiated n -4 H -SiC JBS Schottky diodes is studied. Irradiation is performed with 0.9-MeV electrons at a dose of 1 × 10^16 cm^–2. It is shown that the forward current–voltage ( I – V ) and capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) characteristics of the irradiated diodes are mainly restored at annealing temperatures of up to 300°C. As the annealing temperature is raised to 500°C, nearly 90% of the defects introduced by irradiation with fast electrons are annealed out. The possible recommended mode of stabilizing annealing to be used in radiation-defect engineering (RDE) is 500°C, 30 min.
Упругие свойства сплавов TiNi с памятью формы с различной термообработкой
Authors: Казей З.А. , Снегирев В.В.
Published: June 2019

Comparative experimental studies of the elastic characteristics of commercial shape memory TiNi alloys (Nitinol) exposed to different heat treatment have been carried out within the (80 - 300) K temperature range, including the points of premartensitic and martensitic transitions. It was found that the distortion of the crystal structure at the premartensitic transition in the “as prepared” sample is accompanied by pronounced anomalies of the Young's modulus and internal friction. This transition occurs at TS ≈ 270 K both upon heating and cooling. After an additional heat treatment, the premartensitic transition temperatures TSu and TSd upon heating and cooling respectively, shift slightly and the hysteresis turns out to be more pronounced. However, the form of elastic anomalies remains nearly the same. In contrast, for the martensitic transition at T ≈ 220 K, the elastic anomalies are observed only upon cooling, and the temperature and shape of these anomalies undergo significant changes under effect of the heat treatment.
Поверхностная мода в спектре спин-волнового резонанса манганитовой пленки La-=SUB=-0.67-=/SUB=-Ca-=SUB=-0.33-=/SUB=-MnO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- при упругой деформации
Authors: Шаповалов B.A. , Шавров B.Г. , Каманцев А.П.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe spin-wave resonance spectrum is a characteristic of a magnetic film. The surface mode of this spectrum depends on the magnitude and nature of the stress state of the surface layer of the film. Parameters of this mode are independent on the film conductivity.
Фазовые переходы в геликоидальных ферромагнетиках с концентрационными флуктуациями локальной намагниченности
Authors: Повзнер А.А. , Волков А.Г.
Published: June 2019

A phenomenological description of phase transitions induced by fluctuations in helicoidal ferromagnets with concentration fluctuations has been developed. For this, the method of the Ginzburg-Landau functional was used and random variables that are equal to unity in the place occupied by the magnetic atom and zero otherwise are introduced. It is shown that, due to concentration effects, the local magnetization is preserved above the temperature of the magnetic transition (TS), fluctuations of the spin spiral arise, and skirmion states arise in a magnetic field. The disappearance of vortex states is associated with the suppression of local magnetization by thermodynamic fluctuations at temperature TS (> TC). Theoretical results explain the reasons for the significant expansion of the temperature range of states of the skyrmion in a non-stoichiometric manganese monosilicide with manganese deficiency.
Особенности электрических свойств кристаллов ниобата лития, выращенных из распалава с флюсом K-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O
Authors: Яценко А.В. , Евдокимов С.В. , Палатников М.Н. , Сидоров Н.В.
Published: June 2019

The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and the primary pyroelectric coefficient of lithium niobate crystals LiNbO3 grown from a melt with K2O flux was investigated in the range of 292–450 K . It is shown that these crystals are characterized by a strong anisotropy of electrical conductivity, and in the temperature range studied, proton conductivity dominates.
Механизм плавления при быстром нагреве
Authors: Булавин Л.А. , Забашта Ю.Ф. , Вэргун Л.Ю.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe behavior of an ideal crystal during fast heating when the settled life time of particles is substantially larger than the characteristic time of changing temperature is considered. A calculation model is a crystal with a simple cubic lattice, in which the interaction between particles is described by the Lenard-Jones potential. Disordering of the crystal on heating is considered to be a result of the formation of vacancies. Vacancies are shown to form during fast heating only in the case if the temperature is higher than a critical temperature T _c. An equation of state describing the behavior of a crystal with vacancies during fast heating has been derived. It is found that there is a temperature at which the crystal lattice losses the mechanical stability. This temperature is identified as the melting temperature on fast heating.
Влияние наночастиц на макроскопическую жесткость аморфных тел
Authors: Конюх Д.А. , Бельтюков Я.М. , Паршин Д.А.
Published: June 2019

In the random matrix model with translational symmetry, it is studied the influence of nanoparticles on the macroscopic rigidity of an amorphous system. The numerical analysis shows that the macroscopic theory of elasticity can be applied if the radius of nanoinclusions R is big enough. In this case, it gives an additional contribution to the Young's modulus ΔE ~ R³. However, as the radius of nanoinclusions decreases, this dependence becomes quadratic, ΔE ~ R². Theoretical result for Young's modulus was obtained by reducing the energy of the whole system to a sum of quadratic forms and by applying the Gauss–Markov theorem. From this theorem, it follows that the stiffness of the system depends on the difference between the number of bonds and the number of degrees of freedom, which is proportional to the surface area of nanoinclusions. It is shown, that there is a scale of nanoinclusion radius, which characterizes a scale of inhomogeneity of amorphous solids. It determines the smallest characteristic size of nanoinclusions, at which the macroscopic theory of elasticity can be applied.
Effects of the laser irradiation on graphene oxide foils in vacuum and air -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Torrisi L. , Cutroneo M. , Silipigni L. , Fazio M. , Torrisi A.
Published: June 2019

AbstractA Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm was used to irradiate, at different intensities, graphene oxide foils placed in vacuum and in air. The laser irradiated GO foils were analysed successively by using different techniques such as 2.0 MeV alpha particle Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. In particular, in vacuum irradiated graphene oxide samples the oxygen reduction has been observed with increment of the carbon content. In air irradiated GO samples an increase in oxygen has instead been highlighted. Furthermore thermal and chemical effects are induced by the photon irradiation. Results will be presented and discussed.
Исследование аэродинамических характеристик вращающихся цилиндров, расположенных параллельно друг другу
Authors: Танашева Н.К. , Нусупбеков Б.Р. , Дюсембаева А.Н. , Шуюшбаева Н.Н.
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report on the results of experimental investigations on determining drag and lift coefficients for a system of two parallel rotating cylinders. The results show that with increasing the distance between rotating cylinders, drag and lift coefficients decrease. It has been established experimentally that the distance beginning with which cylinders almost stop acting on each other is 0.4 of the diameter of these cylinders.
Динамика решетки и электронные свойства нелинейного кристалла BaGa-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-GeS-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-: комбинационное рассеяние, ИК отражение и расчет ab initio
Authors: Климин С.А. , Маврин Б.Н. , Будкин И.В. , Бадиков В.В. , Бадиков Д.В.
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have measured the polarized Raman scattering and IR reflection spectra of a BaGa_2GeS_6 crystal, the Ga and Ge atoms of which are disordered, randomly occupying crystallographic positions of the same kind. The IR reflection spectra have been processed by the dispersion analysis method. The dispersion of phonons, the density of phonon states, the electronic band structure, and the partial densities of electronic states have been calculated in the DFT approximation using the alchemical potential method for disordered Ga and Ge atoms. It has been found that the stretching vibrations in the vibrational spectra are separated from the bending modes by a gap of about 100 cm^–1 and that the band structure of the crystal has an indirect energy gap.
Нелинейные интерфейсные волны в трехслойной оптической структуре с отличающимися характеристиками слоев и внутренней самофокусировкой
Authors: Савотченко С.Е.
Published: June 2019

AbstractA model of a trilayered optical structure, the plane-parallel boundary of which possesses its own nonlinear properties, is considered. The inner layer with a finite thickness is an optically transparent medium with Kerr self-focusing nonlinearity, which is in contact with linear half-spaces from the outer surface that are characterized by refractive indices independent of the electric field strength amplitude. Refractive indices in the layer interfaces within infinitely small thicknesses are approximated by the dependence that includes Dirac’s delta function. It is shown that the mathematical formulation of the model boils down to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a nonlinear self-consistent potential. It is established that two types of nonlinear localized waves of the electric field strength perturbations can propagate along the layers in the considered trilayered structure. Dispersion relations of the interface waves that allow one to determine the propagation constant and decrements of their spatial attenuation in linear half-spaces as a function of the system parameters are derived. Conditions for localization of a luminous flux along the layer interfaces are analyzed in relation to the sign of the layer parameters. It is shown that the characteristic distance of the field localization linearly depends on the interface nonlinear response parameter. It is established that the characteristic localization distance is shortened in the case of a positive nonlinear response in comparison with the localization length when interfaces do not interact with the field and lengthened in the case of a negative nonlinear response.
Полевой электронный эмиттер в форме иридиевого острия с углеродным покрытием
Authors: Бернацкий Д.П. , Павлов В.Г.
Published: June 2019

The properties of the field electron emitter, the surface of which is obtained by the decomposition of benzene molecules on the iridium tip, are studied. As a result, a graphite crystal is formed at the top of the tip. Resistance to adsorption of molecules of residual gases and the possibility of localization of emissions by adsorption and intercalation of alkali metal atoms are shown.
Field emitters, electron emission, carbon, iridium, benzene.
Карбонизация нанокристаллического кремния с помощью фторуглерода
Authors: Астрова Е.В. , Улин В.П. , Парфеньева А.В. , Воронков В.Б.
Published: June 2019

A new method for formation of porous silicon-carbon nanocomposites is proposed. It is based on reduction of carbon monofluoride by silicon. The resulting composite materials consist of silicon nanoparticles enclosed in a carbon shell. The contacts of such particles ensure the flow of current through the arising carbon matrix. Density, porosity and resistivity on the composition of the Si-C tablets obtained by the proposed method are determined. The materials under the study are of interest for high-capacity negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries.
Релаксация напряжений в кристаллах CrSi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, выращенных в условиях невесомости из расплава Zn системы Cr-Si-Zn
Authors: Калашников Е.В. , Гурин В.Н. , Никаноров С.П. , Яговкина М.А. , Деркаченко Л.И.
Published: June 2019

Experimental data and their analysis on the study of Cr〖Si〗_2 microcrystals grown in weightlessness from the melt Zn of Cr-Si-Zn system by mass crystallization and placed in earth conditions are presented. New properties of such crystals are found.
Изолирующие слои GaN, совместно легированные железом и углеродом
Authors: Лундин В.В. , Сахаров А.В. , Заварин Е.Е. , Закгейм Д.А. , Лундина Е.Ю. , Брунков П.Н. , Цацульников А.Ф.
Published: June 2019

Surface morphology and conductivity properties of semiinsulating GaN epitaxial layers are studied. Improvement of insulating properties with carbon or iron doping level increase is limited by morphology deterioration. Morphology development is different for these two cases. Co-doping with carbon and iron allows keeping planarity with significant improvement of insulating properties.