bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoder-Generated Miscommunication as a Politeness Strategy on 2go Interactive Messenger
Authors: Oyadiji Olushola Ebenezer
Published: August 2024

Politeness as a vital tool in human communication has been widely studied by linguists who sought to explicate its use in sustaining rapport and its perception in the patterning of human interaction. This paper furthers that line of enquiry by seeking to extend the application of existing politeness theories to the relatively new computer-mediated-communication domain of 2go. It solicited and subjected samples of chats from 2go interactions, which display a potential for flame war, to qualitative analysis based on an eclectic frameworksuffused with insights from the Face-negotiation theory, Lim and Bowers’ model of FaceTheory, Spencer-Oatey and Jiang’s Sociopragmatic Interactional Principles as well as Shea’s Netiquette. It found that ‘chatters’ on 2go achieve politeness and rapport management through the deliberate use of miscommunication generated by the decoders who save the conversations from degenerating into banters in line with the context negotiatedin the chat. Chatters avoid countering with threats to others’ face by avoiding autonomy face-threatening moves. They also adopt a desired interpretation from the alternatives in the encoders’ messages, thus using avoidance or misconstruction to reject and mitigate impoliteness while emoticons ameliorate face threats.Politeness in the chats thus relies on the use of the strategies of avoidance, misinterpretation, distortion and FTA mitigation through emoticons. Miscommunication is a key strategy of politeness on 2go chat. This strategy is deserving of intense study in order to further determine its relevance to rapport management in other virtual communities, as well as other domains of human interaction.
Sexuality Discourse in Contemporary Yoruba Music: A Study of Abass Akande ‘Obesere’ and Janet Ajilore ‘Saint Janet’
Authors: Ademowo Adeyemi J. , Balogun Noah O.
Published: August 2024

Sexuality is a central aspect of human life that encompassessex, gender, identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction. It is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs and, in some cases, misinterpreted as nothing but vulgarity. The desire to preserve the ‘sanctity’ of the Yoruba language so that it will remain ‘morally clean’ despite its use in music has made sexuality discourse in music a discouraged subject among the Yorubas. Hence, the derision of sexuality related discourses on the public space. Using Foucault’s theory ofsexuality embodied in his history of sexuality as a foil, we aver that the stigmatization of Obesere and Saint Janet’s music as “immoral” and ‘not fit for the ears’ is basically because they both frustrate efforts to control sex at the level of speech, and inadvertently intensify discourses on sex, sexualperformance and the power relations among Yoruba men and women which all had concomitant effects on morals on and off the public space.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN PERPUSTAKAAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KUNJUNGAN SISWA DI MI AL-ISLAM JAMSAREN SURAKARTA TAHUN 2022/2023
Authors: Rahmawati Tiara Nur , Amin Lailla Hidayatul , Rochmawan Alfian Eko
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of library management on the level of student visits at MI Al-Islam Jamsaren Surakarta in the academic year of 2022/2023. This type of research used a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all students of class I,II,III,IV,V,VI at MI al-Islam Jamsaren Surakarta, the sample was taken by random sampling. The data collection methods used questioneres and visits lists, while the data analysis technique used in this study used data mean, median mode, standard deviation, likert scale. The test used SPSS 22 and the hypothesis test used the product moment formula. Bassed on the result of research on student at the MI Al-Islam Jamsaren Surakarta library in 2022/2023, it shows that there is a an influence of library management on the level of student visits at MI Al-Islam Jamsaren Surakarta. By using the prerequisite in the kolmogorov-smirnov method normality test with a value sig. 0,052 > 0,05 and linearity using SPSS 22 with sig. 0,965 > 0,05.
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK PADA GURU ‎DI SMPIT MUTIARA INSANI DELANGGU KLATEN
Authors: Romdhoni Muhammad , Mujiburrohman M , Abdullah Mu’in
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out the role of the school principal in improving teacher pedagogic competence at SMPIT Mutiara Insani Delanggu, then knowing that teacher pedagogic competence is applied, then knowing the obstacles of the school principal in increasing teacher pedagogic competence. This research method is a qualitative research method, research techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects used in this study were the principal and 3 teachers. The steps in analyzing the data are by triangulating with the theory that is already understood. The results of research at SMPIT Mutiara Insani Delanggu are. The results of the research at SMPIT Mutiara Insani Delanggu are: first, the role of the principal in improving the pedagogical competence of teachers at SMPIT Mutiara Insani Delanggu is very good, because it is found that the principal has a role in developing the pedagogical competence of teachers in this school and the principal always provides guidance related to this competence, namely through teacher work meetings which are held once a week then adding material by holding workshops and webinars. Second, the role of the principal in applying pedagogical competence to teachers is that every morning the principal checks the presence of teachers to be at school then the principal provides scheduled and unscheduled supervision activities. Third, the inhibiting factors in applying the pedagogical competence of teachers are facilities and infrastructure that are less accommodating or supportive, there are some teachers who do not understand pedagogical competence and teachers must first learn how to apply the right methods to be delivered to students.endala of this pedagogical competence is, the weakness of teachers in mastering this material is caused by the existence of facilities and infrastructure that have not accommodated.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN TILAWATI DALAM MEMBACA AL-QUR'AN DI TPA AL-HUDA JAMBAN, WONOGIRI
Authors: Fadela Rachma , Nashir M. Ja’far
Published: August 2024

This journal describes the implementation of the tilawati method at TPA Al-Huda Jamban. In addition, it also answers several research questions as as follows: (1) how is the implementation of the tilawati method at TPA Al-Huda and (2) what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing tilawati method at tilawati method at TPA Al-Huda. By using a qualitative and descriptive approach this study obtained research data from interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that (1) the implementation of the tilawati method at TPA AL-Huda. The results of this study indicate that (2) the implementation of the tilawati method at TPA Al-Huda is quite good. There are classical and individual approaches used in implementing the tilawati method. Both of these approaches are used continuously in the supporting factors in implementing the tilawati method are:  the classical and individual approaches used in implementing the tilawati method are: (a) the tilawati method has been included in the curriculum (b) there is good support from teachers (both internal and external) and the foundation, (c) competent teachers always provide good support. While the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the tilawati method are: (a)Tilawati method are: (a) the tilawati method is: (b) the lack of competent teachers who can competent, (c) the laziness of students who do not want to read back at home, (d) lack of monitoring from parents, (e) the lack of support from parents.
Study of a Wind Pumping System in the Saharan Zone of Chad
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO Box 314 Maroua, Cameroon / Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied and Exact Science, University of Ndjamena, PO Box 1117 Ndjamena, Chad., Oung-Zetna Fia , Michel Boukar ,   Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied and Exact Science, University of Ndjamena, PO Box 1117 Ndjamena, Chad., Noel Djongyang ,   Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, PO Box 58 Maroua, Cameroon.
Published: August 2024

The wind-powered water pumping system at Gouro and Madadi in Chad is crucial to alleviate the chronic water shortage in these desert regions. The statistical Weibull distribution, using the Moroccan method, gives an annual wind speed scale of 6.55 m/s and 5.85 m/s for these sites, confirming the importance of studying a wind power system. Annual variations in wind speed are significant, and show a seasonal dependence on wind speed. The dominant wind direction is north-easterly, according to the wind rose diagrams, with high frequencies. Seasonal capacity factors for the three wind turbines at the Gouro site range from 0.55 to 0.77, and from 0.48 to 0.70 for the Madadi site, making these areas ideal for wind turbine installation. Monthly daily water flows for the Gouro site range from 8367 m³/day to 30371 m3/day for the three wind turbines. For the Madadi site, these values range from 8415 m3/day to 21391 m3/day. In view of these results, the wind-powered water pumping system can have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of these regions. By supplying drinking water and irrigating farmland, it can promote food security, economic growth and improved living conditions for local populations.
PENGEMBANGAN EPISTIMOLOGI PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS KONTEMPELATIF DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Ependi Rustam
Published: August 2024

Tulisan ini menjelaskan Pengetahuan intuitif ditempatkan pada posisi yang layak. Pendidikan Islam sekarang menjadikan manusia sebagai objek material, sedang objek formalnya adalah kemampuan manusia. Pendidikan Islam sebenarnya secara spesifik terfokus untuk mempelajari kemampuan manusia itu, baik berdasarkan wahyu, pemberdayaan akal maupun pengamatan langsung. Kalangan pemikir Islam, intuisi tidak hanya disederajatkan dengan akal maupun indera, tetapi bahkan lebih diistimewakan daripada keduanya. mengaktivasi nilai-nilai spiritual dari dalam diri siswa melalui model pembelajaran tertentu perlu memiliki jiwa kepemimpinan spiritual. Jiwa kepemimpinan spiritual perlu dibina dan dikembangkan melalui praktik spiritual yang rutin, sehingga pada gilirannya menjadi karakter seorang guru
JABARAN ASAS-ASAS HUKUM ISLAM (Kajian Teoritis Demokrasi Indonesia)
Authors: Tanjung Indra Utama , Arfa Faisar Ananda
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan Penelitian ini berisi tentang penjabaran Asas-asas hukum islam dalam konteks keindonesiaan yang mudah difahami, pada penelitian ini penulis ingin jabarkan tentang Macam-macam asas hukum islam yang setidaknya tiga asas secara umum beserta contohnya. Dengan pendekatan penelitian Analisis Normatif. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah bahwa dari berbagaimacam literatur yang penulis kumpulkan dan baca, penulis menemukan asas-asas hukum islam secara garis besar ada tiga. Yakni: Keadilan Hukum, Kepastian Hukum dan kebermanfaatan hukum.
MEMBANGUN MASYARAKAT PARTISIPATIF: PERAN PENDIDIKAN KEPEMILUAN DALAM MENGGUNAKAN DATA PEMILIH"
Authors: Lubis Rina Ardillah
Published: August 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pendidikan kepemiluan dapat membantu individu dan kelompok masyarakat dalam memahami dan menggunakan data pemilih secara efektif. Pendidikan kepemiluan berfungsi sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya partisipasi politik dan mengajarkan keterampilan analitis yang diperlukan dalam memahami data pemilih. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan analisis dokumen untuk menganalisis bagaimana pendidikan kepemiluan berkontribusi dalam membangun masyarakat partisipatif melalui penggunaan data pemilih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kepemiluan membantu individu untuk memahami informasi yang terkandung dalam data pemilih, mengenali hak-hak mereka sebagai pemilih, dan meningkatkan partisipasi mereka dalam proses demokrasi. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi beberapa tantangan yang dihadapi dalam penerapan pendidikan kepemiluan terkait penggunaan data pemilih. Beberapa tantangan tersebut meliputi kurangnya akses terhadap informasi yang relevan, keterbatasan sumber daya pendidikan kepemiluan, dan perubahan teknologi yang mempengaruhi penggunaan data pemilih. Berdasarkan temuan ini, penelitian ini merekomendasikan adanya upaya kolaboratif antara pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan, dan masyarakat sipil untuk memperkuat pendidikan kepemiluan dalam konteks penggunaan data pemilih. Pendidikan kepemiluan yang efektif dapat memberikan landasan yang kuat bagi masyarakat yang partisipatif, meningkatkan kesadaran politik, dan memperkuat demokrasi dalam negara
MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KEWARGANEGARAAN SISWA KELAS VII SMP IT DARUL ABROR MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF
Authors: Siregar Doli
Published: August 2024

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kewarganegaraan pada siswa kelas VII SMP IT Darul Abror melalui implementasi metode pembelajaran interaktif. Mengingat pentingnya pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam membentuk karakter siswa sebagai warga negara yang baik dan bertanggung jawab, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah rendahnya tingkat pemahaman dan minat siswa terhadap materi kewarganegaraan. Dengan menggunakan desain PTK yang terdiri dari siklus perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi, penelitian ini mencoba mengintegrasikan teknik pembelajaran interaktif seperti diskusi kelompok, studi kasus, dan simulasi dalam proses belajar mengajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman kewarganegaraan siswa, yang diukur melalui pre-test dan post-test, serta peningkatan partisipasi aktif siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Penggunaan metode pembelajaran interaktif terbukti efektif dalam mendorong keterlibatan siswa, memfasilitasi pembelajaran yang lebih mendalam tentang nilai-nilai kewarganegaraan, dan meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menerapkan konsep-konsep kewarganegaraan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap praktik pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Indonesia dengan menawarkan pendekatan pembelajaran yang inovatif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran civik siswa. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa guru kewarganegaraan dapat mengadopsi metode pembelajaran interaktif sebagai strategi efektif untuk memperkaya pengalaman belajar siswa dan mempersiapkan mereka menjadi warga negara yang informasi, kritis, dan bertanggung jawab.
国内商务英语专业课程思政研究（2017-2023）——基于cite space可视化数据分析
Authors: 郭 学
Published: August 2024

本文基于文献可视化软件Cite space 对2017-2023年中国知网期刊数据库中“商务英语思政”有关论文进行可视化文献计量分析， 主要分析文献发表数量、高频关键词、发文作者与机构、聚类与突现词等。商务英语课程思政发文量总体呈增长态势，但总体不足；国内商务英语课程思政研究热点为：教学改革，高职院校，文化自信等；国内商务英语专业课程思政研究前沿为新文科，文化自信，立德树人；综上所述，笔者对商务英语课程思政融合方面提出相关建议。
职业教育背景下民法学课程思政体系的构建研究
Authors: 董 颖 , 余 诚浩 , 曹 钊珣 , 闵 炳源
Published: August 2024

课程思政是职业本科培养学生工匠精神的重要手段。作为专业核心课，探索民法学课程的思政元素，重塑教学理念，强化课程的育人功能尤为必要。在职业本科教育方面，许多高等学校开始探索模块化教学、开发活页式教材，通过全过程全方位教学改革实现立德树人。本文旨在探索职业本科法学专业群建设过程中，如何利用职业院校《民法学》课程的模块化专题化教学，将思政元素融入其中进行教学创新变革，积极构建具有职业本科特色的专业核心课程。就研究结果而言，职业本科院校在培养学生的过程中强调“理实一体化”策略，可通过专题研讨、模拟法庭等强实践活动内容完成课程思政教育；此外，积极利用校园法律诊所、纠纷调解室等实训场所，帮助学生在实操加强专业素养的过程中塑造职业道德观。
走出AI迷思：人工智能时代纪录片的话语建构
Authors: 魏 天达 , 刘 晶琳
Published: August 2024

本文探讨了人工智能（AI）技术对纪录片话语建构的深刻影响。通过分析AI在纪录片中的应用案例，本文揭示了AI技术如何对纪录片创作产生影响，并推动纪录片话语形态的创新变革。本文审视了AI技术在纪录片创作中的真实性、伦理和主体性等问题。AI不仅丰富了纪录片的话语表达手段，还为创作者解锁了多样化的叙述策略与文本构建方式。纪录片创作伦理应当回归到人伦的基点，强调包容性与多样性。在AI构建的新领域中，纪录片的话语权分配逐渐趋向于多元化和平等化。
Strong barriers for weighted quasilinear equations
Authors: Hara Takanobu
Published: August 2024

In potential theory, use of barriers is one of the most important techniques. We construct strong barriers for weighted quasilinear elliptic operators. There are two applications: (i) solvability of Poisson-type equations with boundary singular data, and (ii) a geometric version of Hardy inequality. Our construction method can be applied to a general class of divergence form elliptic operators on domains with rough boundary.
Crowdfunding of Climate Mitigation Measures in Agriculture: Developing a Sustainable Business Model Concept
Authors: Otte Pia Piroschka , Maehle Natalia
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to develop a sustainable business model (SBM) concept for local crowdfunding of climate measures in agriculture. Many climate measures entail significant capital costs preventing farmers from their adoption, and existing finance schemes have experienced limited success. Crowdfunding can be a novel financing tool for farmers to implement climate measures in agriculture.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We apply the adapted SBM canvas framework and argue that the framework presents a suitable tool for identifying and validating business models for a local crowdfunding program.
Findings: By applying the adapted SBM canvas tool and through an extensive mixed method approach, the study identifies 6 relevant design principles for SBM development and relates them to different dimensions in the SBM canvas.
Practical Implications: The study develops a proven business model concept that can be implemented by practitioners and farmers to facilitate the adoption of climate change mitigation measures, overall contributing to the transition to a low emission society.
Originality/Value: This study demonstrates the existing limitations of the adapted SBM canvas and suggests how it can be improved by integrating external structural constraints that can be a barrier to business model development. Moreover, we contribute to the SBM literature by being the first to connect Design Science with crowdfunding and the adapted SBM canvas.
How do you enable business model innovation to thrive in your organisation?
Authors: Nielsen Christian , Osterwalder Alex , Pigneur Yves
Published: August 2024

In this interview-based article, Professor Christian Nielsen summons two of the latest decades’ biggest management thinkers, the two inventors of the Business Model Canvas, Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, for a conversation about the current challenges for companies in doing business model innovation. According to Alex and Yves, companies face two major challenges. First, companies have inadequate governance structures for allowing innovators to do decent work, and second, the old guard knows jack shit about innovation. Unfortunately, it is precisely the old guard sitting with the management reigns at this time. Our conversation identifies three enablers to help overcome these challenges. First, the enabler is about ensuring leadership commitment and allocating management time to innovation. The second enabler is the ability to kill ideas. This is important, because every company needs to focus its innovation efforts, besides ensuring that budgets and resources are channeled in the most fruitful directions. The third enabler is building an innovation culture that coexists with an exploitation culture and where innovators can thrive. In successful companies, innovators are not pirates; they are highly esteemed contributors to corporate success. Finally, we get a sneak peek at their current work focus.
Foraging Amid Perplexity
Authors: Solymosi Tibor
Published: August 2024

I address Shusterman’s challenge to develop a more inclusive and progressive ars erotica by relating it to Malabou’s challenge to recognize the bodily effects practicing philosophy has on identity. I frame these challenges in neuropragmatic terms, specifically its evolutionary conceptions of experience, inquiry, and intelligence. Through this framing, both somaesthetics and neuropragmatism are faced with perplexities from Malabou’s invitation to queer thinking itself. I draw on queer pragmatism to propose some initial responses that deliberately resist resolution.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, KOMUNIKASI DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PADA PT. SARANA AGRO NUSANTARA
Authors: Siahaan Midayanti , Arnida Pohan Yuli
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of communication work discipline and work stress on job satisfaction at PT. Sarana Agro Nusantara. This research used a total of 70 respondents. The data collection techniques used in this research used questionnaires and interviews. The testing techniques used in this research are research instrument tests, descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests and hypothesis tests. The results obtained from hypothesis testing are that the work discipline variable has no positive and significant effect on employee satisfaction, then the communication variable has a positive and significant effect on employee satisfaction and the work stress variable has a positive and significant effect on employee satisfaction at PT. Sarana Agro Nusantara. Simultaneously, the results showed that the variables of work discipline, communication and work stress had an effect on employee satisfaction at PT. Sarana Agro Nusantara.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN SISTEM E-REGISTRATION,E-FILLING, DAN TRANSPARANSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK BADAN PADA KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK (KPP) PRATAMA MEDAN PETISAH DENGAN PEMAHAMAN INTERNET SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Sahfitri Reni , Izzah Lubis Nurul
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of implementing the E-registration, E- filling and Tax Transparency Systems on Taxpayer Compliance at the Pratama Medan Petisah Tax Service Office (KPP) with Internet Understanding as a Moderating Variable. The type of research used is quantitative research with associative methods. The data used is primary data in the form of a questionnaire, as well as secondary data in the form of data from the KPP Pratama Medan Petisah. The analysis techniques used are Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis. The population in this research is all Corporate Taxpayers registered with KPP Pratama Medan Petisah and the sample is 100 people represented. The research results show that the variable implementing the e-registration and e-filling system has a positive and significant effect on corporate taxpayer compliance, while the variable implementing Tax Transparency does not have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. The internet understanding variable is able to moderate the implementation of the e-registration system on compliance. taxpayers, and the variable internet understanding is not able to moderate the implementation of the e-filling system and tax transparency on taxpayer compliance
PENGARUH HARGA JUAL, BIAYA PRODUKSI DAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP LABA BERSIH PADA SUB SEKTOR OTOMOTIF YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2021
Authors: Halawa Agus Putra , Lisnawaty Ina
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga jual, biaya produksi dan anggaran terhadap laba bersih pada Sub Sektor Otomotif Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2021. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah sebanyak 50 sampel dengan jumlah perusahaan 10 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linear berganda dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari pengujian uji parsial adalah pada variabel harga jual dan anggaran tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap laba bersih, sedangkan pada variabel biaya produksi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap laba bersih. Hasil uji simultan diperoleh bahwa harga jual, biaya produksi dan anggaran berpengaruh secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap laba bersih pada sub sektor otomotif.
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR OTOMOTIF YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Erdianto Eka , Lisnawaty Ina
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perputaran persediaan, pertumbuhan penjualan dan profitabilitas pada perusahaan otomotif yang terdaftar di Indonesia. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perputaran persediaan, pertumbuhan penjualan dan profitabilitas. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber data sekunder, yang mana data sekunder tersebut diperoleh secara tidak langsung dari objek penelitian. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 50 sampel penelitian dengan data 10 perusahaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kuantitatif dan teknik pengambilan sampelnya adalah sampling jenuh. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji hipotesis klasik, uji regresi linier berganda, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perputaran persediaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas dengan nilai t estimasi sebesar 1,560, sedangkan pertumbuhan penjualan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap profitabilitas dengan nilai t estimasi sebesar 6,148. Sedangkan variabel perputaran persediaan dan pertumbuhan penjualan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 26,924 pada perusahaan otomotif Indonesia.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI DAN PELAPORANNYA PADA PT. KAWASAN INDUSTRI MEDAN (PERSERO)
Authors: Hutasoit Yuni Pratiwi , Siregar Ratih Anggraini
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah perhitungan, penyetoran dan pelaporan yang dilakukan perusahaan telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang perpajakan Nomor 42 Tahun 2009 dan Undang-Undang Perpajakan Terbaru yaitu Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan. Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) adalah pajak yang dikenakan atas nilai tambah dari suatu barang atau jasa setelah melalui proses produksi. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah PT. Kawasan Industri Medan (Persero) yang berlokasi di Jalan Pulau Batam, Gg. KIM Tahap II No.1, Saentis, Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20371 dengan Objeknya yaitu Perhitungan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai, Penyetoran dan Pelaporannya.Teknik menganalisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Nvivo 11 Plus dengan cara mengcoding, analisis maps dan meringkas hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa perhitungan, penyetoran dan pelaporan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai pada PT. Kawasan Industri Medan (Persero) telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2009 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021, dimana pajak keluaran yang terjadi pada perusahaan lebih besar daripada pajak masukkannya sehingga perusahaan mengalami kurang bayar. Itu diakibatkan kegiatan penjualan yang lebih meningkat daripada kegiatan pembelian.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP INTENSI TURNOVER KARYAWAN PADA PT.UNIVERSAL INDOFOOD PRODUCT (UNIBIS)
Authors: Utaami Aulia Putri , Tanjung Yahya
Published: August 2024

Skripsi yang belrjuldull “Pelngarulh Disiplin Kelrja Dan Kelpulasan Kelrja Telrhadap Intelnsi Tulrnolvelr Karyawan Pada PT. Ulnivelrsal Indolfolold Proldulct (UlNIBIS)” melrulpakan hasil pelnellitian kulantitatif yang belrtuljulan ulntulk melnjawab pelrtanyaan telntang pelngarulh disiplin kelrja dan kelpulasan kelrja telrhadap intelnsi tulrnolvelr karyawan pada PT. Ulnivelrsal Indolfolold Proldulct (UlNIBIS). Meltoldollolgi pelnellitian yang digulnakan adalah pelnellitian kulantitatif delngan melnggulnakan Telknik pelngambilan sampell melnggulnakan prolbability sampling melnggulnakan rulmuls slolvin delngan julmlah 74 relspolndeln. Telknik pelngulmpullan data melnggulnakan kulelsiolnelr yang diollah melnggulnakan SPSS velrsi 25. Analisis data melnggulnakan relgrelsi linielr belrganda. Belrdasarkan hasil pelnellitian selcara parsial bahwa variabell disiplin kelrja belrpelngarulh polsitif dan signifikan telrhadap intelnsi tulrnolvelr karyawan delngan hasil t hitulng > t tabell (2.816 > 1,666) dan kelpulasan kelrja belrpelngarulh polsitif dan signifikan telrhadap intelnsi tulrnolvelr karyawan pada PT. Ulnivelrsal Indolfolold Proldulct (UlNIBIS) delngan hasil t hitulng > t tabell (5.739 > 1,666). Dan selcara simulltan melnulnjulkan bahwa variabell disiplin kelrja dan kelpulasan kelrja belrpelngarulh polsitif dan signifikan telrhadap intelnsi tulrnolvelr karyawan delngan hasil f hitulng > f tabell (62,649 > 2,73).
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI HARIAN LEPAS (PHL) PADA KANTOR DINAS PARIWISATA KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Manurung Friskila , Tanjung Yahya
Published: August 2024

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Harian Lepas (PHL) Pada Kantor Dinas Pariwisata Kota Medan baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif Kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 120 orang dengan Sampel 97 pegawai, teknik pengambilan Sampel menggunakan teknik Probability sampling dengan menggunakan Simple Random Sampling. Pengujian instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan Skala Likert dan pengolahan data menggunakan program software SPSS versi 23. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Variabel Gaya Kepemimpinan berpengaruh negatif dan signifika terhadap Kinerja PHL dengan nilai Thitung sebesar 774 lebih kecil dari Ttabel 1,661. Variabel Tingkat Pendidikan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja PHL dengan nilai Thitung sebesar -489 lebih kecil dari Ttabel 1,661. Variabel Disiplin Pegawai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PHL dengan Thitung sebesar 1,764 lebih besar dari Ttabel 1,661. Secara simultan keseluruhan Variabel Gaya Kepemimpinan, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Disiplin Kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja PHL dengan nilai Fhitung sebesar 994 dan Ftabel sebesar 2,47. Berdasarkan hasil uji R2 Determinasi menunjukkan bahwa diketahui nilai Adjuest R sebesar 0,176 yang artinya kontribusi pengaruh yang diberikan ketiga Variabel bebas terhadap Variabel terikat sebesar 17,6% dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh Variabel lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERESEPSI NILAI, PERESEPSI KUALITAS PRODUK DAN DESAIN PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA KENDARAAN MATIC (STUDI HONDA VARIO 125 DI PT. BENTENG MOTOR HONDA MEDAN)
Authors: Purniawti Tati , Parhusip Austin Alexander
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan : (1) untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan presepsi nilai terhadap kepuasan konsumen PT. Benteng Motor Honda Medan, (2) untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan presespsi kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen PT. Benteng Motor Honda Medan, (3) untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan desain produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen PT. Benteng Motor Honda Medan, (4) untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh presepsi nilai, kualitas produk, desain produk dan  kepuasan pengguna terhadap kepuasan konsumen PT.Benteng Motor Honda Medan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif, jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 responden. Tekhnik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakana kuesioner atau angket yang diberikan kepada konsumen PT. Benteng Motor Honda Medan, analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda dan statistic deskriptif. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS 25 for windows. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa presepsi nilai tidak berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengguna dengan nilai sig sebesar 0,003, presepsi kualitas produk terdapat pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengguna dengan nilai sebesar sig 0,506, desain produk terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengguna dengan nilai sig sebesar 0,005. Presepsi nilai, presepsi nilai, presepsi kualitas dan desain produk secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pengguna PT. Benteng Motor Honda Medan dengan nilai sig sebesar 0,000.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, KOMPENSASI, KOMUNIKASI, DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION PADA PT. DIPO INTERNASIONAL PAHALA OTOMOTIF
Authors: Hia Kirenius , Adam Aisyah Azhar
Published: August 2024

Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) merupakan sumber daya yang paling strategis dan penting di antara sumber daya lainnya. Melimpahnya sumber daya tanpa didukung sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, akan mengganggu kelangsungan organisasi/perusahaan. Namun apabila upaya-upaya ini tidak dilakukan oleh perusahaan maka akan berakibat buruk terhadap perkembangan masing-masing individu didalam perusahaan, kepuasan karyawan dan komitmen karyawan menjadi semakin rendah yang tentunya akan berpengaruh terhadap keinginan karyawan untuk pindah ataupun keluar dari perusahaan (turnover intention). Turnover intention merupakan intensi karyawan untuk keluar dari pekerjaannya dan mengakibatkan perusahaan dihadapkan pada menurunnya kontinuitas karyawan dan tingginya biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk melakukan rekrutmen dan melatih karyawan baru.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Informasi mengenai penelitian ini didapatkan dari teknik-teknik pengumpulan data yang telah dilakukan terhadap subyek penelitian yaitu karyawan PT. DIPO Internasional Pahala Otomotif, dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 52 responden atau jenuh yang diberikan kepada karyawan PT. DIPO Internasional Pahala Otomotif.
Analisis data mengggunakan uji regresi linier berganda atau statistik deskriptif. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Berdasarkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepemimpinan (X1) thitung 0,669 < ttabel 1,677 dan nilai sig 0,507 > 0,05, menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh terhadap turnover intention(Y). Sedangkan Berdasarkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi (X2) thitung = 2,432 > ttabel 1,677 dan nilai sig 0,019 < 0,05, menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap turnover intention(Y). Sedangkan Berdasarkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Komunikasi (X3) thitung 2,150 > ttabel 1,677 dan nilai sig 0,037 < 0,05, menunjukkan bahwa Komunikasi berpengaruh terhadap turnover intention (Y). Sedangkan Berdasarkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Motivasi (X4) thitung 2,691 > ttabel 1,677. dan nilai sig 0,010 < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa motivasi berpengaruh terhadap turnover intention (Y).
BIOESTIMULADORES DE COLÁGENO INJETÁVEIS: QUANTO À AÇÃO E EFICÁCIA DO ÁCIDO POLI-L-LÁTICO, HIDROXIPARTITA DE CÁLCIO E POLICAPROLACTONA, UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Souza Misael Pereira de , Silva Marcelo Serrão da , Rodrigues Júnior Omero Martins
Published: August 2024

A crescente demanda por tratamentos estéticos não cirúrgicos impulsionou o desenvolvimento de diversas tecnologias neste campo, dentre as quais, ganham destaque os bioestimuladores de colágeno injetáveis. Estes produtos têm como objetivo estimular a produção endógena de colágeno, a proteína que confere elasticidade e vigor à pele. Os produtos injetáveis entregam na maioria das vezes um resultado mais natural, por isso os bioestimuladores de colágeno estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados para obter um rejuvenescimento tridimensional. Esse artigo tem como objetivo abordar brevemente o processo de envelhecimento facial e descrever a utilização dos bioestimuladores de colágeno (o ácido poli-L-lático, a hidroxiapatita de Cálcio e a policaprolactona, que estimulam a neocolagênese a partir de uma resposta inflamatória localizada), quanto a sua ação e eficácia através da análise bibliográfica. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão de literatura integrada, utilizando plataformas acadêmicas e bibliografias: SCIELO, PUB MED e GOOGLE ACADEMICO. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos dos últimos 5 anos em português e inglês.  Os resultados demonstraram que os bioestimuladores de colágeno proporcionam uma correção segura e eficaz para rugas moderadas a profundas, são úteis na reposição de volume, lifting e contorno e indução de neocolagênese e neoelastogênese para melhorar a qualidade da pele. Concluímos que mais estudos são necessários, pois ainda é escasso.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR MODAL DAN PROFITABILITAS UMKM DI KECAMATAN KARAWANG TIMUR
Authors: Samosir Donal , Sihabudin  , Fauji Robby
Published: August 2024

UMKM merupakan sebuah aktivitas usaha yang berperan fundamental dalam peningkatan perekonomian nasional. Adanya UMKM membuka peluang besar untuk lapangan pekerjaan sehingga dapat mengurangi pengangguran. Namun, untuk memastikan kegiatan usaha ini dapat berjalan dengan baik, perlu memperhatikan pengelolaan struktur modal yang baik dan menghitung profit yang diperoleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis stuktur modal dan profitabilitas beberapa UMKM di Karawang Timur berdasarkan ROA, ROE, DAR, dan DER. Sehingga melalui penelitian ini dapat memberikan bukti empiris terhadap struktur modal dan profitabilitas UMKM di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu mendeskripsikan analisis struktur modal dan profitabilitas UMKM dari beberapa UMKM yang dipilih sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 89% UMKM mengandalkan modal sendiri, 48% UMKM belum mampu memanfaatkan aset dan 37% UMKM mampu menghasilkan keuntungan di atas 12%. Penggunaan utang yang besar tidak selalu menghasilkan profitabilitas yang tinggi, hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor di luar dari stuktur modal. Sebaiknya setiap UMKM lebih memperhatikan pengolahan stuktur modal dan dengan rutin melakukan evaluasi untuk dapat lebih mengoptimalkan modal yang dimiliki.
Violência doméstica contra as mulheres em situação de rua e a pandemia da covid-19
Authors: Mello Adriana Ramos de , Lobo Marcela , Scheer Tais de Paula
Published: August 2024

Com a pandemia de COVID-19, o número de pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil cresceu, evidenciando a necessidade de reformulação de políticas públicas que possam facilitar o acesso a direitos. O presente artigo discute o acesso das mulheres em situação de rua e em situação de violência doméstica à justiça, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Apoiando-se na metodologia do estudo de caso, investiga-se o perfil de mulheres atendidas nesse período, em processos selecionados que tramitaram no Juizado de Violência Doméstica do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, objetivando a identificação das interseções e realçando o funcionamento da rede de atendimento à mulher e eventuais obstáculos. Ao final, sugerem-se medidas que possam facilitar a inclusão dessas mulheres, resguardando seus direitos e atendendo ao dever de aproximação do Poder Judiciário à sociedade.
UM ESTÍMULO AO EMPODERAMENTO DA MULHER NEGRA ATRAVÉS DA LITERATURA NEGRA NOS CORDÉIS DA ESCRITORA JARID ARRAES.
Authors: Oliveira Silva Flaviana
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o empoderamento feminino negro e a concepção de uma identidade negra não esteriotipada, antirracista e contra a invisibilidade da história da mulher negra na sua participação nas lutas contra a escravidão e mesmo na contemporaneidade nas batalhas insurgentes do racismo. Uma reflexão da literatura negra através da leitura e estudo da obra Heroínas Negras em 15 cordéis da escritora negra Jarid Arraes, onde procuramos observar como a autora mostra a intensidade da força dessas mulheres, promovendo empoderamento e auto-estima. A literatura negra brasileira deve ser uma forma de desconstruir a imagem de uma mulher subalternizada, submissa, objeto e regada de preconceitos. A literatura de cordel utilizada pela escritora é também uma forma de resistência, uma arte popular tratada com preconceito, o que demonstra a necessidade de mais estudos para a superação dessas mazelas sociais da elite formada através dessa colonialidade.

Palavras-chave: mulher negra, cordéis, preconceitos raciais, literatura negra, empoderamento.
SOMOS RICOS E PORNOGRÁFICOS: SEXO, PODER E FAMÍLIA EM NOSSA PARTE DE NOITE, DE MARIANA ENRIQUEZ
Authors: Antonio Leite Junior Marcos
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a concepção de família burguesa no livro Nossa parte de noite, de Mariana Enriquez. Observa-se que as famílias ricas da narrativa, apoiadas na Ordem, uma seita milenar, violam o corpo de outras personagens. A partir deste estudo, foi possível investigar a organização das famílias, a sexualidade, a maternidade e outros aspectos. Evidenciou-se que essas famílias, participantes da Ordem, não se encaixavam nos padrões estabelecidos pela sociedade, mas viviam com liberdade, utilizando as transgressões como forma de se diferenciarem e reafirmarem seu poder. O trabalho conta com referências de autores(as) da História, dos Estudos Culturais e da Literatura, e busca construir um diálogo interdisciplinar por meio das reflexões propostas nas obras de Mariana Enriquez.
Exploring Financial Management Strategies: A Descriptive Qualitative Inquiry with Literature Review
Authors: Nurwanah Andi , Junaid Asriani , Kalsum Ummu , Ikhtiari Kirana , Muslim Muslim
Published: August 2024

This study delves into financial management strategies through a qualitative approach to uncover insights into investment decisions, financing choices, and dividend policies within organizations. The research employs purposive sampling to select relevant literature from diverse sources, including academic journals and books. Data collection involves a systematic review and analysis of the existing literature to find meaningful patterns and trends. The study reveals significant findings regarding the importance of investment decisions in allocating capital effectively, the role of capital budgeting in evaluating investment opportunities, and the influence of external factors on investment decisions. Additionally, the study highlights the multifaceted nature of financing decisions, emphasizing the significance of capital structure optimization and cost of capital management. Furthermore, insights into dividend policy decisions underscore the importance of aligning dividend distributions with organizational objectives and stakeholder interests. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of financial management strategies and provides valuable guidance for practitioners and scholars seeking to enhance financial decision-making processes.
On the necessity of a comprehensive study of the thermal effect of the «magnesium + hydrochloric acid» reaction when selecting a composition for heat treatment (using the example of the «White Tiger» oilfield)
Authors:   Institute of Oil and Gas, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (branch in Oktyabrsky), Russia, Veliev M. M. , Pridannikov D. V. ,   JV «Vietsovpetro», Vung Tau, Vietnam, Mukhametshin V. Sh. ,   Institute of Oil and Gas, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (branch in Oktyabrsky), Russia, Malyshev P. M. ,   Institute of Oil and Gas, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (branch in Oktyabrsky), Russia
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the authors conducted a study devoted to determining the most optimal compositions for the implementation of measures to increase well productivity in the conditions of active development of the White Tiger field. The results of basic experiments in the field of selection of reagents for heat treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells, together with a comprehensive analysis of the geological conditions of the studied object, show that in order to restore and multiply the permeability of formations, it is necessary to use such compositions, the mechanism of interaction of which is based on the dissolution of asphalt-tar deposits and substances with a large molecular weight. In this regard, a number of theoretical calculations have been carried out for the «magnesium + hydrochloric acid» reaction in four variants with the gradual introduction of compositions of different chemical composition and origin. At each stage, the reaction temperature was determined using both the main and alternative methods in order to increase the representativeness of the results. Taking into account the imposed restriction on the deviation of the determined temperature from the bottom hole, the composition of the agent that can be recommended for the treatment of productive layers of the White Tiger deposit has been previously successfully determined. It is concluded that it is necessary to study the replication of its application at analog facilities in order to improve the technical and economic performance of oil and gas production departments. Keywords: bottom-hole formation zone; thermal effect; reservoir temperature; reaction products; oil field development; well productivity improvement.
Prevention of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits in the process of oil transportation
Authors:   «OilGasScientificReserchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Matiyev K. I. , Samedov A. M. ,   «OilGasScientificReserchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Alsafarova M. E. ,   «OilGasScientificReserchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: August 2024

One of the reasons reducing the efficiency of well operation is formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD), which are deposited in the bottom-hole zone of wells and on the surface of oilfield equipment. A new inhibitor «NDP-22M» was developed to reduce the solidification temperature of highly paraffinic oils and prevent the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD). In addition to preventing the formation of ARPD, «NDP-22M» significantly improves the rheological properties of highly paraffinic oil, which is important for its further transportation. The reagent reduces the solidification temperature and viscosity of oil, as well as facilitates its fluidity. The inhibitor contains a nonionic surfactant, a depressant agent and a solvent. The prepared inhibitor has the ability to reduce the pour point and viscosity of oil, as well as to prevent ARPD. The prepared inhibitor was studied on oil brought from the wells of the oil and gas production department of the production association «OGPB» (Oil and Qaz Production Board), «Oil Pipeline Administration». In this oil, the amount of paraffin is 10.8%. In the course of research, it was found that the effectiveness of adding 300 g/t of reagent to oil is 75%. Keywords: inhibitor; paraffin deposits; oil production; dynamic viscosity.
Calculation of metal elements deflection using a three-line strain diagram
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Baku, Azerbaijan, Hajiyev M. A. , Huseynov I. G. ,   SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan, Hajiyeva U. M. ,   SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: August 2024

In the article, using a three-line symmetrical strain diagrams for metal, a technique is given for constructing a «moment-curvature» diagram, which is important for determining the deflections of steel beams. Approximations of the moment-curvature diagram by polynomials of the third and fifth degrees, which have high accuracy, are proposed. In numerical examples, it was established that when plastic deformations develop, it is not permissible to determine deflections using a linear model. In addition, numerical examples show that physical nonlinearity has little effect on internal forces in statically indeterminate systems, but has a strong effect on the stress-strain state. Keywords: beam; physical nonlinearity; moment-curvature diagram; deflection.