bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Система ідентифікації оригіналу відео за його фрагментом з використанням згорткових нейронних мереж
Authors: Melnyk O. S. , Bazylevych R. P.
Published: June 2021

Розглянуто основні сучасні та популярні підходи до вирішення задач розпізнавання ознак зображень і відео. Встановлено переваги та недоліки актуальних методів оброблення візуальної інформації, а також сучасні невирішені проблеми, пов'язані із цим сегментом робіт. Спираючись на сучасний стан досліджень з цієї предметної області, запропоновано нову систему, призначення якої "навчитись" ідентифікувати відео за його фрагментом, враховуючи характеристики зображеного у відеоряді. Першим етапом аналізу відео є його розбиття на окремі кадри, враховуючи зміну ентропії, колірної схеми та структурні відмінності сцени. Спираючись на сучасні методи, реалізовано алгоритм перетворення відео в набір кадрів. Виявлено, що компактне представлення відео у вигляді набору ключових кадрів дає змогу виділити основні контекстні характеристики. Враховуючи сучасні методи визначення характеристик зображень та ефективність машинного навчання, вирішено застосувати згорткові нейронні мережі для визначення векторних представлень. Під час вибору коректної архітектури та моделі нейронної мережі здійснено порівняльний аналіз ефективності їх роботи з використанням бази ImageNet. В наступних етапах, роботу із відео буде представлено у вигляді маніпуляції із векторами характеристик кожного кадру. Запропоновано спосіб пошуку збігу фрагментів, враховуючи оцінку кута між векторами представлень кадрів. Для покращення оптимізації пошуку розглянуто способи застосування методів індексації векторного простору кадрів. Варто застосувати цей підхід оптимізації, щоб уникнути різкої деградації ефективності пошуку із збільшенням бази. Унаслідок виконаної роботи реалізовано програмну систему у вигляді вебаплікації, яка демонструє пошук відео за його фрагментом. Проте це тільки прототип для візуалізації процесу. Під час проведення експериментів оцінено вплив та залежність довжини відео, його роздільної здатності та обсягу тестової бази від ефективності процесу пошуку. Передусім ця робота є актуальною через цінність досліджень в напрямку розвитку методів оброблення та аналізу відеоконтенту. Виявлено, що ця система має подальший розвиток та право на існування, якщо врахувати майбутні оптимізації пошуку та покращення вилучення дескрипторів.
Способи організації руху моніторингових, інтерактивних і діалогових даних у структурах розподілених комп'ютерних систем
Authors: Pitukh I. R. , Vozna N. Ya.
Published: June 2021

Розроблено способи організації руху моніторингових, інтерактивних і діалогових даних у структурах розподілених кіберфізичних систем. Базовою ідеєю запропонованих способів є систематизація структур і класів джерел інформації в РКС, які формують моніторингові, інтерактивні та діалогові дані. Запропоновано метод розрахунку емерджентності класифікованих структур комп'ютеризованих систем управління (КСУ) таких типів: монопольної, автоматичного регулювання, моноканальної системи моніторингу, розділеного часу та мультипроцесорного опрацювання даних. Для кожної з названих структур оцінено критерії структурної складності та емерджентності. Запропоновано адитивно-мультиплікативний критерій, який враховує структурну складність окремих компонентів та архітектуру комп'ютерної системи. Запропоновано критерій емерджентності комп'ютерної системи у вигляді відношення кількості інформаційних зв'язків до загальної кількості компонентів системи. Застосування таких критеріїв дає змогу здійснити порівняння системних характеристик комп'ютерних і кіберфізичних систем, а також визначити перспективні напрями їх удосконалення. Викладено особливості функціональних можливостей різних архітектур КСУ та їхні недоліки в організації руху моніторингових, керувальних, діалогових й інформаційних поліфункціональних даних. Досліджено архітектуру мережевих станцій КСУ та оцінено їх емерджентність та структурну складність. Наведено структуру класичної трирівневої мережевої КСУ, яка оснащена на технологічному рівні контролерами низової мережі абонентськими станціями та спецпроцесорами, які інформаційно взаємодіють з інтелектуальними сенсорами, виконавчими механізмами та операторами об'єктів управління. Запропоновано на цеховому рівні застосовувати цехові процесори, які обслуговують оператори технологічних установок. На адміністративному рівні потрібно розміщувати адміністративні процесори, системний сервер, який має інформаційні зв'язки з адміністративною комп'ютерною мережею, базою даних, зовнішньою інформаційною системою та міжрівневим комутаційним процесором. Систематизовано інформаційні пари потоків даних, які формуються різними компонентами системи, що дає змогу вдосконалити інформаційні характеристики кожної пари компонентів КСУ з позиції сумісності та зменшення алгоритмічних перетворень моніторингових, керувальних, діалогових і поліфункціональних даних. З'ясовано, що відомі класифікації інформаційних потоків в КСУ не враховують різні типи інформаційних даних, які формуються ОУ-джерелом інформації. Запропоновано архітектуру системи ідентифікації семантичних, технологічних й інформаційних станів ОУ.
The Passive Fit Concept- A Review of Methods to Achieve and Evaluate in Multiple Unit Implant Supported Screw Retained Prosthesis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Pronoy
Published: June 2021

Obtaining the most accurate 3-dimensional location of the implant positions, facilitates the fabrication of a prosthesis that, not only conforms to the biomechanics of the rehabilitation in relation to the TM joint and surrounding musculature but also lays minimal stresses imparted onto the implant-bone interface, maximizing the longevity of any prosthetic superstructure. The passive fit concept accentuates the need for this ‘minimal-stress’ interface in order to prevent any mechanical or, biological eventualities while the prosthesis is under masticatory load in the oro-facial environment. A wide horizon of techniques have been studied and devised upon, to achieve this ‘un-eventual fit’ and also methods developed, to assess and evaluate the misfit that the prosthetic superstructure bears in relation to the implants or, the abutments into which they are screwed. This article aims to define the concept, elaborate upon the need of the same and the methods to evaluate them in a clinical and laboratory set-up.
Norton Algebras of the Hamming Graphs via Linear Characters
Authors: Huang Jia
Published: June 2021

The Norton product is defined on each eigenspace of a distance regular graph by the orthogonal projection of the entry-wise product. The resulting algebra, known as the Norton algebra, is a commutative nonassociative algebra that is useful in group theory due to its interesting automorphism group. We provide a formula for the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph using linear characters. We construct a large subgroup of automorphisms of the Norton algebra of a Hamming graph and completely describe the automorphism group in some cases. We also show that the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph is as nonassociative as possible, except for some special cases in which it is either associative or equally as nonassociative as the so-called double minus operation previously studied by the author, Mickey, and Xu. Our results restrict to the hypercubes and extend to the halved and/or folded cubes, the bilinear forms graphs, and more generally, all Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups.
Talk Isn’t So Cheap
Authors: Aronoff Mark , Rawski Jonathan , Sandler Wendy , Berent Iris
Published: June 2021

Spoken and signed languages differ because of the affordances of the human body and the limits of each medium. But can commonalities between the two be compared to find abstract language universals?
Pengembangan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Mobile Learning Dengan Ispring Suite Pada Mata Kuliah Penilaian Hasil Belajar
Authors: Debora Debora , Lumbantobing Marko Ayaki
Published: June 2021

The use of E-Learning applications is currently very much needed in overcoming gaps in face-to-face lectures along with technological developments and learning gaps during the pandemic. This study aims to develop an Android-based ISpring Suite 8.0 learning application for Mechanical Engineering Education Students as one of the E-Learning facilities in the Learning Outcomes Assessment course. In addition, this study aims to determine the feasibility of applications and student perceptions of the applications being developed. This study uses research and development methods. The results of the feasibility test data for the learning application from media experts can be obtained by a percentage of the feasibility of 91.4% in the very feasible category, for the results from material experts of 76.9% in the feasible category, for the results of the respondent's assessment of the product trial by 86% in the category. very feasible, and the results of the respondents' assessment on the usage test were 83.8% in the very feasible category. In addition, students' perceptions and expectations of the Mobile Learning application in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program amounted to 80%. Based on the criteria of Steer (1993), thus, the level of satisfaction is between (80% - 100%) which means high satisfaction, so the quality of the Mobile Learning application is perceived by users to achieve high satisfaction.
A Holistic and Systematic Assessment of Maintenance Approaches in Heritage Sites
Authors: Al-Sakkaf Abobakr , El-Zahab Samer , Abdelkader Eslam Mohammed , Alfalah Ghasan
Published: June 2021

Maintenance approaches of heritage sites (MAHs) on heritage sites have become essential in both the industry and academia as construction projects grow increasingly complex. With a prime goal of increasing its productivity and safety, MAHs research has witnessed tremendous growth over the past three decades. With the increase in research grows the necessity to monitor the research growth of a research topic to identify its trends and gaps, and hence shed the light on research areas that warrant future research attention, there is a lack of systematic literature analysis in MAHs field. To fill this gap, this paper recruited a mixed-review method of scientometric and systematic reviews of research papers on MAHs published from 1990 to 2020 (as of mid of July). Its ultimate objective is to identify current trends, technologies, and techniques in the field of heritage site maintenance and layout their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, country contributions are highlighted to identify which countries produce the most effective research in the field. Finally, the most cited articles are identified to highlight important topics in the selected time period. As a result, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management has the highest ranking across the different journals in the area of MAHs based on its number of published articles and their citations. In addition, the publisher Elsevier has the highest number of published articles with 58. Results also demonstrated that the collaboration between Ecuador and Spain accomplished the highest ranking, such that the strength link was estimated to be equal to 3. Moreover, the highest repetitive keywords were indicators with 20 times and cultural heritage cities with 19 times.
MULTIVOCALITY, STORYTELLING AND THE DISRUPTIVE VOICE OF FEMININITY IN LESLIE MARMON SILKO’S CEREMONY
Authors: KARADAŞ Fırat
Published: June 2021

Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony is a Native American novel about the psychological disorder of Tayo and his ceremony for recovery through native stories and tribal ways. In the manner of magical realism, Silko incorporates native stories into the novel and presents Native American culture and stories as vital factors in the dissemination and ‘de-centralization’ of the ruling white culture. Though the main character of the novel is male, female figures, both human and mythical, play a crucial role in this dissemination because they lie at the heart of Indian American Laguna culture and stories. Spinning stories, as in Western culture, is presented as a female act and the female mythical figures in the stories play a central role in Tayo’s ceremony. Relying on Bakhtin’s idea of dialogism and the disseminating role of another’s word in authoritative discourses, this paper aims to study how the Indian American Laguna culture disseminates and decentralizes the white authoritative discourse with its stories and how another’s word emerges as feminine voice in the novel.
El absurdo y la rebelión metafísica en Albert Camus
Authors: Flores Moisés
Published: June 2021

El pensamiento de Albert Camus (1913-1960) se caracterizó por reivindicar la libertad y la rebelión del individuo. Tomando en cuenta estos dos principios, a continuación se analiza el absurdo y la rebelión metafísica en dos obras centrales de Camus: El Mito de Sísifo (1942) y El Hombre Rebelde (1951). El absurdo forma parte de la condición humana. La rebelión metafísica busca la superación del absurdo, en cuanto obstáculo de la libertad; también aboga por hacer conciencia en el hombre de defender su libertad ante cualquier estructura, Institución o Estado que pretenda limitarla.
Treinta años de la Constitución de Colombia de 1991: ¿encarnación del ideal del actual constituyente primario?
Authors: Cotes Zuleta Aquilino
Published: June 2021

Colombia posee una Constitución que, en gran parte, es producto de la manifiesta voluntad de la comunidad nacional. Una Carta Política debe responder a las necesidades del país y de sus coasociados. Esa Constitución ha sido objeto de múltiples cambios, en su mayoría de carácter político, más que voluntad ciudadana. Cuando la Constitución llega a sus primeros 30 años, se estima necesaria una exploración bibliográfica, de corte cualitativo, para determinar si realmente la participación popular de 1990 surtió los efectos deseados. El análisis bibliográfico permitió determinar que las reformas introducidas a la Carta Política reviven vicios que se esperaba quedarían eliminados por ser, en su mayoría, expresión de la voluntad política, más que respuesta a las necesidades del constituyente primario y del país.
Influence of Ion–Neutral Damping on the Cosmic-Ray Streaming Instability: Magnetohydrodynamic Particle-in-cell Simulations
Authors: Plotnikov Illya , Ostriker Eve C. , Bai Xue-Ning
Published: June 2021

We explore the physics of the gyroresonant cosmic-ray streaming instability (CRSI) including the effects of ion–neutral (IN) damping. This is the main damping mechanism in (partially ionized) atomic and molecular gas, which are the primary components of the interstellar medium (ISM) by mass. Limitation of CRSI by IN damping is important in setting the amplitude of Alfvén waves that scatter cosmic rays (CRs) and control galactic-scale transport. Our study employs the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)–particle-in-cell hybrid fluid-kinetic numerical technique to follow linear growth as well as post-linear and saturation phases. During the linear phase of the instability—where simulations and analytical theory are in good agreement—IN damping prevents wave growth at small and large wavelengths, with the unstable bandwidth lower for higher IN collision rates ν
in. Purely MHD effects during the post-linear phase extend the wave spectrum toward larger k. In the saturated state, the CR distribution evolves toward greater isotropy (lower streaming velocity) by scattering off of Alfvén waves excited by the instability. In the absence of low-k waves, CRs with sufficiently high momentum are not isotropized. The maximum wave amplitude and rate of isotropization of the distribution function decrease at higher ν
in. When the IN damping rate approaches the maximum growth rate of CRSI, wave growth and isotropization are suppressed. Implications of our results for CR transport in partially ionized ISM phases are discussed.
A Radio Quasi-periodic Oscillation of 176 days in the Radio-loud Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy J0849+5108
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wang Zhongxiang
Published: June 2021

We analyze the 11 yr long-term light curve of the Radio-loud Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy J0849+5108 and the nearly simultaneous γ-ray data of the source. The data were obtained with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40 m telescope at 15 GHz and with the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, respectively. A quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) signal at a significance of >5σ is found in the radio light curve, but no similar modulation is seen in the γ-ray light curve. The QPO signal was present for 21 cycles, the longest among the reported radio QPOs, and likely disappeared after 2019 January 16. Different mechanisms proposed to explain the observed QPOs in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are discussed for this QPO case. Either a secular instability in the inner accretion disk or a helical structure in the jet of J0849+5108 may explain the radio QPO, while for the latter scenario the jet has to be collimated up to ∼200 pc, similar to that seen in the nearby AGN M87. It will be of interest to keep monitoring the source at radio frequencies, seeing whether similar QPO signals appear again.
Formation of an Extended Stellar Halo around an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Following One of the Earliest Mergers from Galactic Building Blocks
Authors: Tarumi Yuta , Yoshida Naoki , Frebel Anna
Published: June 2021

Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are promising observable proxies to building blocks of galaxies formed in the early universe. We study the formation and evolution of UFDs using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. In particular, we show that a major merger of two building block galaxies with 3900 M
⊙ and 7500 M
⊙ at the cosmic age of 510 Myr results in a system with an extended stellar distribution consistent with the de Vaucouleurs profile. The simulated galaxy has an average stellar metallicity of [Fe/H] = −2.7 and features a metallicity gradient. These results closely resemble the properties of a recently discovered UFD, Tucana II, which is extremely metal-poor and has a spatially extended stellar halo with the more distant stars being more metal-poor. Our simulation suggests that the extended stellar halo of Tucana II may have been formed through a past major merger. Future observational searches for spatially extended structures around other UFDs, combined with further theoretical studies, will provide tangible measures of the evolutionary history of the ancient, surviving satellite galaxies.
ALMA View of the ρ Ophiuchi A PDR with a 360 au Beam: The [C i] Emission Originates from the Plane-parallel PDR and Extended Gas
Authors: Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Shimajiri Yoshito , Tokuda Kazuki , Kawabe Ryohei , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kamazaki Takeshi , Nomura Hideko , Takekoshi Tatsuya
Published: June 2021

We present the results of data analysis of the [C i] (3
P
1–3
P
0) emission from the ρ Ophiuchi A photon-dominated region (PDR) obtained in the ALMA ACA standalone mode with a spatial resolution of 2.″6 (360 au). The [C i] emission shows filamentary structures with a width of ∼1000 au, which are adjacent to the shell structure seen in the 4.5 μm map. We found that the 4.5 μm emission, C0, and CO are distributed in this order from the excitation star (S1) in a complementary pattern. These results indicate that [C i] is emitted from a thin layer in the PDR generated by the excitation star, as predicted in the plane-parallel PDR model. In addition, extended [C i] emission was also detected, which shows nearly uniform integrated intensity over the entire field of view (1.′6 × 1.′6). The line profile of the extended component is different from that of the above shell component. The column density ratio of C0 to CO in the extended component was ∼2, which is significantly higher than those of Galactic massive star-forming regions (0.1–0.2). These results suggest that [C i] is emitted also from the extended gas with a density of

cm−3, which is not greatly affected by the excitation star.
The Effect of Dense Cluster Environments on Galactic Properties
Authors: Cronk Ethan , Bayliss Matthew B. , Kim Keunho
Published: June 2021

Galaxy clusters are extremely over dense regions of the universe and are therefore ideal for testing how galaxy properties vary with environment. We analyze a sample of >3000 galaxy spectra from 100 galaxy cluster fields, and examine trends in redshift, Dn4000, and a formulated in-fall proxy for member and non-member galaxies. The 4000 Å break (Dn4000) reveals information about the age of each galaxy, and the product of the normalized peculiar velocity and the normalized projected radius of each cluster galaxy serves as a proxy for in-fall time, or how recently each galaxy became gravitationally bound to its cluster. We see a relationship between Dn4000 and the in-fall proxy, with more recently in-fallen galaxies being systematically younger; we interpret this trend as the effect of environmental quenching of cluster galaxies. Furthermore, we see a trend in which all cluster galaxies become older with decreasing redshift, independent of in-fall proxy.
Cytokines profiles in cervical mucosa in patients with cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Long De-Lai , Song Hua-Lin , Qu Peng-Peng
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to detect the expression of local cytokines in cervical mucosa between patients with transient and persistent HR-HPV infection with or without CIN.

Methodology: A total of 150 patients who were diagnosed as HR-HPV infection in Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology from January 2016 to December 2016 were included in this study. The expression levels of 9 cytokines in 150 patients with HR-HPV infection, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-12p70, IL-21, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were simultaneously measured by using a multiplex immunoassay. Moreover, HR-HPV genotype was performed by using pyrosequencing. The association between cytokines and HPV genotype was also investigated.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in IL-1β level between patients with HPV transient infection and HPV persistent infection (p = 0.041). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-21 and TNF-α between patients with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (p = 0.011, p = 0.008, p = 0.046 and p = 0.019, respectively).

Conclusions: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, and Th2 type cytokines, IL-10 and IL-21, became stronger in cervical mucosa with the progression of CIN. IL-1β may be advantageous for HR-HPV persistent infection.
Bovine tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacteria among water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Da Silva Pedroso Silvia Cristina , Batista Lima Karla Valéria , Perini Furlaneto Ismari , Corrêa Rodrigues Yan , Saraiva Queiroz Pantoja Darlene Kássia , Souza de Souza Alex Junior , Assunção Pereira Washington Luiz
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Zoonotic tuberculosis is a disease of public health importance worldwide, especially in developing countries. The present study aimed to investigate the role played by Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacteria as etiologic agents of bubaline tuberculosis (TB) in the Brazilian Amazon region.

Methodology: Granulomatous lesions suggestive of TB obtained from 109 buffaloes (n =109) during sanitary inspection at slaughter were subjected to histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of Mycobacterium antigens, and to molecular tests (PCR) to detect hsp65, IS6110 and RD4 genes, which are specific to Mycobacterium spp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) and M. bovis, respectively.

Results: PCR results indicated Mycobacterium infection in 87.2% of the cases, of which 69.5% were positive for M. bovis, 27.4% belonged to MTBC, and 3.1% were probably non-TB mycobacteria. There was good agreement between the genus-specific molecular technique and the histopathological analysis. This high frequency of TB cases caused by non-M. bovis suggests a diversified scenario of mycobacteria associated with bubaline TB in the Brazilian Amazon region.

Conclusions: The results reinforce the need of discussing the inclusion of more accurate techniques in examinations carried out by Inspection Services in Brazil.
Co-infection of COVID-19 and recurrent malaria
Authors: Pusparani Angelita , Henrina Joshua , Cahyadi Alius
Published: June 2021

In tropical countries, endemic diseases such as malaria can be challenging to distinguish from COVID-19 because of the similarities in presenting symptoms. Here we reported a case of a young soldier with fever and myalgia six days before admission, with non-productive cough, chills, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and headache for two days. Previously, he had experienced four times of malaria infection. He had a history of positive non-falciparum malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) two days before admission. Significant findings were epigastric tenderness, splenomegaly, and severe thrombocytopenia of 36×103 cells / µL. A naso-oropharyngeal swab examination revealed a positive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consequently, he was hospitalized for 12 days, successfully treated, and discharged without sequelae. Thus, in light of a pandemic, physicians need to raise the suspicion of concurrent COVID-19 infection with other tropical diseases, especially at-risk patients, because malaria and COVID-19 may share similar manifestations. Moreover, further ancillary testing, such as RDT, may be warranted.
Kawasaki like illness due to COVID-19: a review of the literature
Authors: Fang Yulin , Aravamudan Veeraraghavan Meyyur , Sridharan Gurusaravanan Kutti , Mehta Keyur Kamlesh , Sekhar Ramkumar , Senguttuvan Nagendra Boopathy , Venkatachalam Indumathi , Abid Muhammad Bilal
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Viral infections have been described as triggers for Kawasaki Disease (KD), a medium vessel vasculitis that affects young children. Akin to the H1N1 pandemic in 2009, there is a similar rise in the incidence of KD in children affected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has been reported to induce an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response resulting in multi-organ involvement, particularly initiated with pulmonary parenchymal damage. This review article will discuss KD-like manifestations in COVID-19 patients in the pediatric cohort.

Methodology: Search terms “Kawasaki” “COVID-19” “SARS-COV-2” “PIM-TS” and “MIS-C” were used to look for relevant articles in PubMed and Google Scholar published in the last 5 years.

Results: There is some evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 stimulates dysfunctional and hyperactive immune reactions mimicking KD in young patients.

Conclusions: Therapeutic options, both investigational and repurposed, include intravenous immunoglobulins, steroids and anticoagulation. More studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatment options.
Preoperative Microbiological Screening in Pediatric Assessment of Skeletal Dysplasias Cases Before Planned Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Dikova Milka , Nikolova Svetla Todorova , Loukanov Alexandre
Published: June 2021

We report the preoperative microbiological screening of gram positive bacteria as a promising diagnostic approach for precise pediatric assessment of children with skeletal dysplasias who have undergone planned orthopedic surgery within a period of 10 years. The study was conducted on children with 29 different clinical diagnoses with preoperatively measured haemoglobin, platelets, blood glucose, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, serum creatinine, total protein, and fibrinogen. The performed preoperative microbiological screening involved the examination of nasal and throat secretions aiming to detect carrier and/or colonization of potentially pathogenic microflora in these upper respiratory tract niches. The documented statistical data demonstrated that 50.8 % of the cases had normal microflora, however the rest 49.2 % of the patients had potentially pathogenic bacteria. Among them, S. aureus was identified in 39.3% (as methicillin-susceptible or MSSA) and in 3.3% of the children (as methicillin-resistant or MRSA). The other predominant gram-positive bacteria were S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, M. catarrhalis, and C. albicans in 1.6, 0.8, 2.4 and 2.4 %, respectively. The infected patients have been at significantly higher risk for staph infections after surgical procedures than those with normal microflora. The presented microbiological screening proves the need for obligatory preoperative eradication of MRSA from nose niche, oral preoperative treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes and personalized preoperative antibacterial prophylaxis.
Semen Analysis and Insight into Male Infertility
Authors: Mahdi Batool Mutar
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Semen analysis is the cornerstone for the valuation of the male partner in the infertile couples. This test has been standardized throughout the world through the World Health Organization (WHO) since the1970s by producing, editing, updating, and disseminating a semen analysis manual and guidelines. A retrospective study to give an insight about  male infertility. Methods: This retrospective study assessed the semen findings of 1000 men evaluated at the  Department of Urology, Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq  between January 2016 and May 2019. Semen analysis were done for them. Results: According to WHO standard for semen normality, 1000 samples that were analyzed, normospermia was shown in 835 (83.5%)males (95% CI=0.811-0.857) and 12% had oligospermia and the rest 4.5% was azospermia. The normospermic samples had significantly higher levels regarding the following parameters: count per ml (51.30±1.24) (P= 0.001), volume(3.34±2.31)(P=0.0001), pus cell (8.04±1.02)(P=0.0001), motility (22.81±5.8)(P=0.0001), abnormal motility (22.81±5.8)(P=0.0001) and  normal (V)(P=0.0001)or abnormal morphology (25.86 ±12.4)(P=0.0002) when compared with oligospermia. Conclusions: Semen analysis is the keystone of infertile couple. Semen parameters like sperm concentration, motility and morphology, are indicators for male reproductive function. Sperm concentration is declining and there is a significant association between sperm concentration and sperm parameters.
Histology of hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical diabetes rat pancreas after giving combination of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum) extracts
Authors: Ningsih Purnama , Sitti Rahmawati  , Hamzah Baharuddin , Santoso Tri , Nurbaya Nurbaya , Hardani Muhammad Fakhrul , Hardani Ririen
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the regeneration activity of pancreatic beta cells by a combination of the ethanol extracts of Moringa leaves and Clove flower. These extracts prepared by maceration with ethanol as solvent . This is an experimental laboratory research by using post test only group design . The subject of this research is 40 white male rats of Wistar strain ( Rattus norvegicus ) and were conditioned DM by streptozotozine-nicotinamide induction . The rats randomly divided into 8 groups , and each group consisted of 5 rats . Combination dose of Moringa leaves and Clove flowers extracts used are  150 : 40 mg / kg body weight of mice , 100 : 80 mg / kg body weight of mice and 50 : 120 mg / kg body weight of mice . The rats were sacrificed and the pancreas taken to be made preparations histopathology , staining and observation tissues with HE and IHC methods. The results showed that the staining and observation tissues of heart with  HE method acquired the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group  were showing the islet on the Langerhans island of the pancreas is bigger than in the negative control group. The morphology of the island of Langerhans increasingly large indicates increasing the regeneration of the cells of the islet beta pancreas; whereas the method of IHC acquired the negative control group seen lack of display intensity of positive reaction Ag  & Ab beta cells with are marked with brown cells . In the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group , seen a positive reaction of Ag & Ab insulin-producing beta cells characterized by brown cells and insulin expression dominating pancreatic island of Langerhans.
Synergistic Effect of Curcuma longa Extract in Combination with Phyllanthus niruri Extract in Regulating Annexin A2, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Pyruvate Kinase M1/2 Signaling Pathway on Breast Cancer Stem Cell
Authors: Hermansyah Dedy , Putra Agung , Munir Delfitri , Lelo Aznan , Amalina Nur Dina , Alif Iffan
Published: June 2021

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of the combination between Curcuma longa extract (CL) and Phyllanthus niruri extract (PN) in inhibiting optimally the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) growth and metastatic by exploring the target and molecular mechanism using integrative bioinformatics approaches and in vitro. METHODS: CL and PN extracts were prepared by maceration method using ethanol 70%. The antiproliferative effect of CL and PN single and combination treatment was examined by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. The bioinformatic approach was performed to identify molecular targets, key proteins, and molecular mechanism of curcumin and phyllanthin as CL and PN secondary metabolite, respectively, targeted at stemness and migration pathway of BCSCs. RESULTS: The in vitro study showed that CL and PN possess cytotoxic activity in time- and dose-dependent manner. The combination of CL and PN has a synergistic effect by modulating the sensitivity of cells. Using a bioinformatics approach, the annexin A2 (ANXA2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) as potential targets of curcumin and phyllanthin correlated with metastatic inhibition of BC. In addition, molecular docking showed that curcumin and phyllanthin performed similar or better interaction to stemness differentiation regulator pathway particularly histone deacetylase 1, EGFR, Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class B Member 1, Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha, and MMP9. CONCLUSION: Combination of CL and PN has potential for the treatment of metastatic BCSCs by targeting ANXA2, EGFR, MMPs, and PKM to resolve stemness and inhibit of BCSCs.
The Effect of Uncomplicated Knee Arthroscopy on C-reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Authors: Hannah Andrew , Hancock Graeme Ethan , Stoddard James Edward , Sutton Paul Mark
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Anticipated changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) following uncomplicated knee arthroscopy have not previously been described.

AIM: We aim to identify these values to aid the management of patients who re-present with a suspicion of infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients between 18 and 50 years undergoing day-case arthroscopic knee surgery under the care of the senior authors were recruited. Patients undergoing any bony intervention and those with a known inflammatory arthropathy were excluded from the study. Ethical approval was granted and patients consented to the study. ESR and CRP measurements were performed immediately prior to surgery, then at 1, 7, and 14 days postoperatively.

RESULTS: A total of 29 patients consented to the study. A full set of results were achieved for 17 patients. There was a significant increase in CRP on day 1 and day 7 following knee arthroscopy with a mean increase of 4.55 mg/L (P = 0.003) on day 1 and 1.78 mg/L (P = 0.026) on day 7. ESR did not change significantly at any of the measured points. The maximum value for CRP was 16 mg/L on day 1 and 11.5 mg/L on day 7. All CRP measurements had returned to baseline (<5 mg/L) by 14 days.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that CRP measurement is a useful tool in the investigation of possible joint infection following simple knee arthroscopy. Continued elevation of CRP beyond 14 days or any significant elevation is not usual and suggests an abnormal post-operative recovery, which should prompt further investigation.
Sexual Behavior Problems in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hartini Sri , Nur Chamidah Atien , Siti Herini Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Several studies conducted on adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have reported various problems of sexual behavior that occurs in the group, including HIV-related risky sexual behavior and other health-related concerns.

AIM: This review aims to synthesize studies on the problems regarding sexual behavior in adolescents with ID to obtain data on the types of risky sexual behavior problems.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synthesis was conducted on nine studies of children aged 10–20 years old with intellectual disabilities as subjects who have no other psychiatric comorbidities and met the appraisal criteria based on the checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

RESULTS: Several behaviors were found in the group of adolescents with ID. Masturbation is the type of solitary behavior that appears the most, besides other behaviors like touching genitals and getting naked in public places. Sexual intercourse is the most widely reported in the type of “involving other persons.” Sexual intercourse with more than 1 person without using contraception to protect against sexual transmitted disease (STD) is at risk for HIV infection or other infectious diseases.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review have indicated that adolescents with ID have sexual needs and experience sexual behavior problems similar to ordinary adolescents in general. They actually have a higher risk for having risky sexual behavior because they lack understanding of sexuality. These findings emphasize the need for sex education so that young people with disabilities can have healthy sexual behavior and a safe life.
Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Series
Authors: Arifputra Jonathan , Haroen Harlinda , Rotty Linda Wilhelma Ancella , Lasut Pearla Fidei Cindy , Hendratta Cecilia
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the main manifestations were fever, cough, and anosmia.

AIM: We aimed to investigate coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation in severe COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: Five cases of COVID-19 with coagulopathy have been reported.

RESULTS: All patients presented with various main complaints such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and diarrhea. An increase in D-dimer value was found in all cases, with an increase of 4–5 times from the upper limit of normal. All patients were evaluated with the IMPROVE-VTE and PADUA thrombotic risk assessment models. Thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin LMWH intensive dosage was given to four patients. However, one patient was not given thromboprophylaxis because of the high risk of bleeding. All cases were not given long-term thromboprophylaxis after the patients were discharged from the hospital. All hospitalized COVID-19 patients can be considered to give thromboprophylaxis unless contraindicated. Thromboprophylaxis is preferable to use LMWH with a dose adjusted to the severity of COVID-19. Administration of thromboprophylaxis after hospitalization may be considered in patients who have thromboembolic risk factors.

CONCLUSION: More research is being encouraged to increase understanding of the prevention and treatment of thrombotic complications of COVID-19.
Evaluation of Early Renal Allograft Dysfunction from Living Donors among Egyptian Patients (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study)
Authors: Emad El-dein Maha , Fadda Sawsan A. A. , Gabal Samia M. , Shaker Amr M. , Mohamad Wael M.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Early renal graft dysfunction is a major problem in the early post-transplantation period and is considered a major cause of graft loss. Clinical diagnosis based on the clinical criteria alone is unreliable; therefore, biopsy remains the gold standard to differentiate between rejection and non-rejection causes. AIM: This study was designed to identify and differentiate between causes of early graft dysfunction during the first post-transplantation month and to correlate between histological lesions and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for accurate diagnosis and a better outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 163 renal allograft biopsies, performed in the first post-transplantation month over 6 years, were included in the study. New sections were prepared from the paraffin blocks and stained with conventional stains. Additional sections were prepared and treated by complement fragment 4d (C4d) and cluster differentiation 3 (CD3) antibodies for IHC evaluation. RESULTS: All the studied cases were from living donors. The mean patient age was 39 years with predominant males. The clinical indication for most biopsies (94.5%) was impaired graft function. Acute rejection (AR) was the main diagnostic category observed in (98/163, 60.1%); out of which, T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) was observed in (62/98, 63.2%). Drug toxicity was suspected in (53/163, 32.5%), acute tubular injury (ATI) not otherwise specified (nos) in (21/163, 12.9%), and other lesions including thrombotic microangiopathy were observed in the remaining biopsies. The most common cause of graft dysfunction in the 1st and 2nd weeks was AR representing. A significant correlation was seen between mild glomerulitis (g1) and mild peritubular capillaritis (PTC) 1, on the one side, and negative C4d staining, on the other side. No significant correlation was seen between moderate glomerulitis (g2) and moderate ptc2 at one side and positive C4d staining at the other side reflecting the poor association between the microvascular inflammation (“g” and “ptc” scores) and C4d positivity (r = 0.2). Missed mild tubulitis (t1) was found in a single case and missed moderate tubulitis (t2) was found in a single case detected by CD3 IHC. CONCLUSION: AR and drug toxicity account for the majority of early graft dysfunction, however, other pathological lesions, per se or coincide with them may be the cause. The significance of g2 per se as a marker for diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection requires further study. Considering C4d score 1 (by IHC) positive; also requires further study with follow-up.
Point of Care Ultrasound in Geriatric Patients at the Emergency Department
Authors: Ienghong Kamonwon , Tiamkao Somsak , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Gaysonsiri Dhanu , Apiratwarakul Korakot
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) plays an important role as a crucial tool for the diagnosis of various conditions in emergency and critical ill patients. However, POCUS examination in elderly populations has not been well studied.

AIM: This was a retrospective observational study of elderly patients at the Department of Emergency Medicine who had received POCUS examination at a tertiary university hospital, Thailand.

METHODS: The study was conducted throughout January 2020–December 2020. Patients’ characteristics and ultrasonography findings were recorded.

RESULTS: A total of 191 elderly patients were evaluated. Median patient age was 75.65 years; 56.02% of patients were female. Chief complaints where POCUS scans were applied were respiratory (36.65%) and cardiovascular system-related (21.99%). The most frequent procedures performed were cardiac, lung, and inferior vena cava examinations. Abnormal ultrasound findings were discovered in 133 patients (68.91%). The 66.17% of abnormal ultrasound findings were associated with final diagnosis. The admission rate of elderly patients (56.82%) was highest among patients with positive ultrasound findings associated with final diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: POCUS utilization in elderly patients was useful in aiding emergency physicians amid diagnosis of various diseases, especially life-threatening ones.
Genetic Variation of a −176g>c Interleukin-6 Correlated with White Blood Cells Count in Obesity of Indonesia
Authors: Danarsih Dwi Eni , Hastuti Pramudji , Kristianto Agus
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity can trigger inflammation by increasing the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) which leads to leukocyte recruitment, differentiation of B lymphocytes, activating T lymphocyte cells, and triggering hematopoiesis. Variations in the IL-6 promoter gene are known to affect transcription rates. The previous studies have still found different results regarding the relationship between these gene variations and blood cell numbers. AIM: This study aimed to determine the influence of IL-6 gene variation with white blood cells counts in obese people of Indonesia. METHODS: A total of 148 people participated in this cross-sectional study. The number of obese people was 80 subjects and there were 68 non-obese people as controls. Obesity was determined based on the criteria of Asians. RESULTS: Genotype CC was not found in this study, while the GC genotype was found only in the obese group. The GG genotype in obese group had waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and higher lymphocyte rates significantly higher than the non-obese group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Variation of −174G>C IL-6 gene is associated with high white blood cell counts, especially lymphocytes number in obese people in Indonesia.
Factors Related to the Depression Score in the Elderly at the Social Service of the Dharma Asri Binjai Nursing Home
Authors: Selian Ariwan , Loebis Bahagia , Amin Mustafa M. , Mahdinasari Nazli
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Depression is the most common psychiatric problem in the elderly. Suicidal thoughts or recurring thoughts of death are common in people suffering from depression. Depression in the elderly has a very poor prognosis compared to people in other age groups because they have a relatively higher risk of suicide and death. Elderly people in nursing homes is a condition that significantly affects the quality of life and survival and harms the psychology of the elderly, cause stress is due to elderly people in nursing homes associated with medical and psychosocial problems such as divorce/widows, poverty, and social isolation.

AIM: We aimed to find out the factors that affect the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 15) score in elderly people at the Social Service of the Dharma Asri Binjai Nursing Home.

METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional approach to 91 subjects at the Dharma Asri Binjai Nursing Home Social Service starting from June to July 2020 utilizing sampling, namely, simple random sampling. The tests conducted in this study consisted of a bivariate test and a multivariate linear regression test to determine which factors are associated with depression. The measuring instrument used was the GDS 15.

RESULTS: After the multivariate test was carried out, the variables that were statistically significant to the total score of depression in the elderly at the Binjai Dharma Asri nursing home were Gender (p < 0.001) and activity of daily living (ADL) Score (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The factors associated with the GDS score of 15 and the occurrence of depression in the elderly were found in the gender variable and the ADL score variable.
Case Report: Trance in Mental Retardation
Authors: Amin Mustafa Mahmud , Effendy Elmeida , Sianturi Ferdinan Leo , Saragih Munawir , Nasution Syaifuddin
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Mental retardation (MR) is a developmental condition that is associated with significant intellectual and adaptive behavioral limitations, whereas dissociative trance disorder (DTD) is a dissociative condition characterized by a temporary altered state of consciousness formed by one’s culture. Comorbidity between these two disorders has rarely been reported.

CASE REPORT: We found a case of MR in a 32-year-old woman, Mrs. S, with a DTD who killed her five children during her trance.

CONCLUSION: It was found that there is a relationship between psychosocial stressor factors, trauma, underlying psychiatric conditions, culture, and communication that influence trance conditions. Further research is needed to study and understand more about these disorders and comorbidities.