bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite-element analysis of different fixation types after Enneking II+III pelvic tumor resection
Authors: Sun Yu , Xue Haowen , Wang Xiaonan , Zhang Jiaxin , Xu Zezhou , Guo Yunting , Xin Renlong , Yu Zhenglei , Han Qing , Zhao Xin , Wang Jincheng , Luquan Ren
Published: June 2024

The current primary treatment approach for malignant pelvic tumors involves hemipelvic prosthesis reconstruction following tumor resection. In cases of Enneking type II + III pelvic tumors, the prosthesis necessitates fixation to the remaining iliac bone. Prevailing methods for prosthesis fixation include the saddle prosthesis, ice cream prosthesis, modular hemipelvic prosthesis, and personalized prosthetics using three-dimensional printing. To prevent failure of hemipelvic arthroplasty protheses, a novel fixation method was designed and finite element analysis was conducted. In clinical cases, the third and fourth sacral screws broke, a phenomenon also observed in the results of finite element analysis. Based on the original surgical model, designs were created for auxiliary dorsal iliac, auxiliary iliac bottom, auxiliary sacral screw, and auxiliary pubic ramus fixation. A nonlinear quasi-static finite element analysis was then performed under the maximum load of the gait cycle, and the results indicated that assisted sacral dorsal fixation significantly reduces stress on the sacral screws and relative micromotion exceeding 28 µm. The fixation of the pubic ramus further increased the initial stability of the prosthesis and its interface osseointegration ability. Therefore, for hemipelvic prostheses, incorporating pubic ramus support and iliac back fixation is advisable, as it provides new options for the application of hemipelvic tumor prostheses.
Psilocin fosters neuroplasticity in iPSC-derived human cortical neurons
Authors: Schmidt Malin , Hoffrichter Anne , Davoudi Mahnaz , Horschitz Sandra , Lau Thorsten , Meinhardt Marcus , Spanagel Rainer , Ladewig Julia , Köhr Georg , Koch Philipp
Published: June 2024

Psilocybin is studied as innovative medication in anxiety, substance abuse and treatment-resistant depression. Animal studies show that psychedelics promote neuronal plasticity by strengthening synaptic responses and protein synthesis. However, the exact molecular and cellular changes induced by psilocybin in the human brain are not known. Here, we treated human cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells with the 5-HT2A receptor agonist psilocin - the psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin. We analyzed how exposure to psilocin affects 5-HT2A receptor localization, gene expression, neuronal morphology, synaptic markers and neuronal function. Upon exposure of human neurons to psilocin, we observed a decrease of cell surface-located 5-HT2A receptors first in the axonal- followed by the somatodendritic-compartment. Psilocin further provoked a 5-HT2A-R-mediated augmentation of BDNF abundance. Transcriptomic profiling identified gene expression signatures priming neurons to neuroplasticity. On a morphological level, psilocin induced enhanced neuronal complexity and increased expression of synaptic proteins, in particular in the postsynaptic-compartment. Consistently, we observed an increased excitability and enhanced synaptic network activity in neurons treated with psilocin. In conclusion, exposure of human neurons to psilocin might induces a state of enhanced neuronal plasticity which could explain why psilocin is beneficial in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders where synaptic dysfunctions are discussed.
Perspectives, Preparedness and Challenges of the Sudden Shifting of Online to Offline Learning in Higher Education in Bangladesh
Authors: Mojumder Bithi , Uddin Md. Jasim , Dey Kamol
Published: June 2024

While numerous studies have examined the pros and cons of online teaching and learning during the pandemic, and others have delved into the psychological consequences among university students, there is a gap in the literature regarding students' perspectives on adapting to changing learning environments as educational institutions navigate the post-pandemic landscape. This research investigates the intricate dynamics of tertiary-level students' experiences during the transition from online to offline learning in the post-pandemic era in Bangladesh. A survey methodology, incorporating both closed and open-ended questions, was employed to capture the diverse perspectives, adaptive strategies, and sentiments of 294 students across multiple universities in Bangladesh to gauge the sentiments of students regarding this new educational landscape. The results unveiled a nuanced perspective, reflecting both the challenges and opportunities presented by digital learning platforms. Despite the convenience of online learning, only a minority of respondents, comprising 14%, found it to be more motivating compared to traditional offline methods. A staggering 75% emphasized the importance of face-to-face contact, highlighting the irreplaceable value of in-person interaction in the educational experience. Financial barriers emerged as a significant hurdle, with 41% of participants citing cost as the primary impediment to internet access. Additionally, 51% identified signal availability and strength issues as key challenges, underscoring the digital divide exacerbated by uneven access to technology and connectivity. However, amidst these challenges, a beacon of hope emerged in the form of technological integration. An overwhelming majority of students, constituting 79%, expressed a desire for instructors to leverage technology in offline classes to enhance engagement and capture students' attention. Nevertheless, the transition to online learning brought about its own set of challenges. A notable 35% of respondents, including those who strongly agreed, found interactions among students and between students and teachers to be more uncomfortable and challenging compared to the pre-COVID-19 era. Furthermore, half of the respondents (50%) perceived a decline in on-site class etiquette from pre-pandemic times, reflecting the broader societal shift in norms and behaviors in the wake of remote learning. The findings of this study have the potential to contribute valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with transitioning between different learning modalities and may inform strategies for enhancing students' preparedness and resilience in future educational disruptions.
Differential Gene Profiling of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Endogenous Retrovirus in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Implications for Immune Response
Authors: Lemus Yesit Bello , Martínez Gustavo Aroca , Lugo Lisandro Pacheco , Escorcia Lorena Gómez , Peñata Eloína Zarate , Llanos Nataly Solano , Bonfanti Andres Cadena , Acosta-Hoyos Antonio J. , Quiroz Elkin Navarro
Published: June 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the convergence of genetic, immunological, and viral elements resulting in a complex interaction of both internal and external factors. Research has recognized the role that play the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-E) as triggers and maintenance elements in the disease. A fundamental study area stands out in the dynamics between these viral agents and their physiopathology to unveil their influence in SLE development and progress. This study aimed at assessing the differential expression of immune regulatory genes and the incidence of specific viral pathogens (EBV and HERV-E), alongside the detailed characterization of surface markers in T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with SLE and control participants. A comparative analysis between patients with SLE and control participants was performed, evaluating the expression of phenotypic markers and genes involved in the immune response (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFNG, TLR3), as well as HERV-E gag and EBV viral genes (LMP1 and BZLF1). A significant association between SLE and EBV was found in this study, with a marked increase in EBV LMP1 gene expression and a marked reduction in IFN-γ levels in patients with SLE. Also, a significant overexpression of HERV-E was observed, in addition to a considerable increase in the distribution of the cell surface marker CD27 + on T- and B-lymphocytes, observed in individuals with SLE compared to the control group. This study provides evidence regarding the role that EBV virus plays in lymphocytes in the context of SLE, highlighting how both the virus and the host gene expression may influence disease pathogenesis by altering immune regulatory pathways mediated by TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10, as well as parallel overexpression of HERV-E gag.
Potential health hazards related to the trace metal accumulation in grass samples obtained near industrial area in Tshwane North district, South Africa.
Authors: Matlou Arnold Thabang , Lebepe Jeffrey , Sethoga Lesibana , Molefe Dan
Published: June 2024

The growing accumulation of trace metals (TMs) from Industrial emissions on vegetation has generated anxiety regarding the integrity of consumable goods by mankind considering that TMs may migrate into the dietary system via accumulation on the grazable grass by domestic livestock. The research project examined the levels of TMs in various grass samples collected near industrial sites in Tshwane District, South Africa, using the ICP-OES technique. The mean concentrations of TMs in the grass samples were in the following order Fe > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cu > Zn. Moreover, the overall concentrations of TMs in grass were found to be above the permissible limits for plants (4567.2 - 25638.6 mg/kg) Fe, (178.3 - 193.6 mg/kg) Ni, (159.3 - 183.7 mg/kg) Cu, (78.5 - 308.5 mg/kg) Zn, (21.8 - 424.5 mg/kg) Cr, (121.5 - 449.5 mg/kg) Mn, and (19.0 - 689.3 mg/kg) Pb. The research has further indicated that metals obtained from industrial activities have higher possibilities for growth in comparison to metals that originate naturally. By including TMs movement indicators into the ecological evaluation metric, mistakes in determining the true danger of these metals' possible plant uptake and subsequent circulation can be reduced.
Comparative in vivo modulation transfer function (MTF) in refractive multifocal and monofocal IOLs using a pyramidal sensor aberrometer
Authors: Alio Jorge , D'Oria Francesco , Ho Yi-Ju , Versaci Francesco , barrio Jorge Alio del
Published: June 2024

A prospective, consecutive, comparative, case series study was conducted to study and compare in vivo the retinal image quality following implantation with different multifocal refractive IOLs by analyzing the point spread function (PSF) Strehl ratio and the modulation transfer function (MTF) using a pyramidal wavefront sensor (PWS)-based aberrometer. This study included 90 eyes of 70 patients implanted with: (a) 19 AcrySof SA60AT (control group); (b) 24 LENTIS LS-313 MF30; c) 33 LENTIS LS-313 MF15; (d) 20 Precizon Presbyopic. Main outcome measures were MTFa, PSF Strehl ratio, PSF Strehl ratio excluding second-order aberrations (PSFw2), total root mean square, low-order aberration and high-order aberration. SA60AT (group A) showed the highest values of MTFa at 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mm pupil sizes (17.53 ± 4.72,15.82 ± 4.19 and 15.39 ± 3.23), followed by Oculentis MF15 (14.57 ± 4.22, 12.57 ± 3.12, 10.1 ± 2.54). There were not significant differences at 2.0 mm pupil size among groups. MTFa significantly changed with pupil diameter in groups B, C and D; however, SA60AT MTFa value wasn’t affected by pupil size. The analysis of PSF and MTFa using a PWS-based aberrometer may guide physicians in IOL selection.
Study on the water conductivity of large-scale boundary fault of the mine field and the design of water-proof coal pillar
Authors: Chen Yingzhou , Zhu Shuyun , Zhu Guanyu , Fang Han
Published: June 2024

The paper investigates the permeability of large-scale boundary fault and its impact on coal pillar design, focusing on the major large-scale boundary reverse fault labeled as F22 and the derived reverse fault labeled as FN1 in the III3 mining area of Zhuxianzhuang coal mine, which is belong to the Huaibei Mining Bureau. Employing a comprehensive approach integrating on-site sampling, laboratory test, underground water discharge tests, numerical simulation, and analog analysis, the aquifer conductivity of the fault is obtained. Drilling sampled the fault zone and surrounding strata, followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests and microscopic observations to determine mineral composition and microfracture structure characteristics, yielding preliminary permeability analysis. Underground water discharge tests confirmed that F22 is a non-water-conducting fault under undisturbed conditions. Subsequently, a numerical model incorporating the mining area's major large-scale boundary fault was established based on stratigraphic profiles of prospecting lines, analyzing mining-induced changes in aquifer conductivity of the F22 and FN1 faults during the excavation of 10th coal seam. Results show the FN1 fault acting as a stress barrier during mining, becoming the primary water inrush channel post-excavation. Finally, complying with regulations, we determined the width of water-proof coal pillar for the FN1 fault aligning with simulation findings. These insights and methodologies are crucial for the safety management of large-scale boundary fault in Zhuxianzhuang coal mine and similar mining conditions.
Required Fatigue Strength (RFS) – A Simple Concept for Determining an Equivalent Stress Range Indicating the Necessary Minimum Joint Quality in Contrast to the Actual Modified Equivalent Strength (MES) Method
Authors: Baumgartner Joerg , Breitenberger Marco , Sonsino Cetin Morris
Published: June 2024

This paper treats different FAT-scenarios for determining damage-equivalent stress ranges according to two methods for transforming a stress or load spectrum into a damage-equivalent constant amplitude loading, i.e., the Modified Equivalent Stress (MES) and the Required Fatigue Strength (RFS) concepts. The MES method is suggested by the IIW-recommendations for fatigue design and the RFS method is applied especially in the design of vehicle safety components. The resulting MES- and RFS-ranges are similar, but not equal.
The MES-method delivers a damage-equivalent stress range that depends on the selected FAT-value, i.e., the position of the Woehler-curve is decisive. In contrast, the RFS-method results in a damage-equivalent fictitious Woehler-line that indicates the lowest necessary strength quality for a given stress spectrum.
The allocation of the modified equivalent stress range to the appertaining bi-linear Woehler-curve does not result in the fatigue life caused by the spectrum. Only in the case of a linear Woehler-curve, the fatigue life is directly obtained. In the case of the RFS-application, the fatigue life is by definition equal to the spectrum length.
For durability tests, the modified equivalent stress range (at LS cycles) and the associated FAT-Woehler-curve should not be used. However, the Woehler-curve derived by the RFS-method allows experimental durability proofs for any amplitude-cycle combination along it. Furthermore, the required lowest necessary strength also enables the selection of the most cost-effective manufacturing technique and quality. The RFS-Woehler-curve also results in a FAT-value with a defined probability of failure depending on the required safety factor.
Forecasting future scenarios of coastline changes in Turkiye's Seyhan Basin: a comparative analysis of statistical methods and Kalman Filtering (2033–2043)
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Münevver Gizem
Published: June 2024

Complex changes in coastlines are increasing with climate, sea level, and human impacts. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide critical information to rapidly and precisely monitor environmental changes in coastal areas and to understand and respond to environmental, economic, and social impacts. This study was aimed at determining the temporal changes in the coastline of the Seyhan Basin, which is one of the basins significantly affected by climate change and drought in Turkiye. In this context, approximately 50 km of coastline was automatically extracted on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform using Landsat satellite images from 1985–2023. This coastline was divided into 3 different regions, and spatial analysis was performed with different statistical proportioning techniques (EPR, LRR, NSM, SCE, and WLR) according to years with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool. In addition, to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the results obtained from the different methods used to determine the coastal change, the Kruskal-Wallis H test and ANOVA test were applied by min-max normalization. The amounts of erosion and deposition found according to different methods vary by region. Statistical differences were found between the methods used, varying by region. In general, NSM and EPR methods provided similar results in determining coastal changes, while other methods differed by region. In the study, the Kalman filtering model was also used to predict the coastline for the years 2033 and 2043 and to identify areas that are vulnerable to erosion and deposition on the future coastline. Comparisons were made to determine the performance of Kalman filtering. In the 10-year and 20-year future forecasts for determining the coastline for the years 2033 and 2043 with the Kalman filtering model, it was determined that the excessive prediction time negatively affected the performance in determining the coastal boundary changes.
Exploring the protective capabilities developed by hospital nurses to deflect workplace violence：A qualitative study in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Tsu-Chi , Kuo Ting-Ya , Tung Tao-Hsin , Chen Peter Y. , Chen Fu-Li
Published: June 2024

Background: Workplace violence for healthcare sector is a serious safety hazard and has attracted much attention worldwide, especially for nursing staff. Equipping nursing personnel with protective capabilities for workplace violence can reduce the risk they face in work settings. This study is to explore the scenarios of common violent patient–nurse conflicts in the workplace of hospital nursing staff, as well as their capability for de-escalating such conflicts.
Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 nurses in two teaching hospitals in New Taipei City, Taiwan, until data saturation was reached. The data were transcribed, encoded, analyzed and similar concepts were grouped under the same category.
Results:Four categories of workplace violence scenarios common to hospital nursing staff were identified: unreasonable requests, caring for high-risk patients, long waiting time for medical consultation, and close contact when caring for patients. Furthermore, two protective capabilities were recognized: communication and interpersonal capabilities and problem-solving skills. Each scenario may require a different combination of abilities.
Conclusion: Ourfindingssuggest that a violence-prevention training program couldbe designed for various workplace violence scenarios to enhance nurses’ abilities for de-escalating workplace violence in hospitals.
Transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible M. truncatula genotypes in response to the necrotrophic fungus A. medicaginicola
Authors: Botkin Jacob , Curtin Shaun
Published: June 2024

Ascochyta blights cause yield losses in all major legume crops. Spring black stem (SBS) and leaf spot disease is a major foliar disease of Medicago truncatula and M. sativa (alfalfa) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta medicaginicola. This present study sought to identify candidate genes for SBS disease resistance for future functional validation. We employed RNA-seq to profile the transcriptomes of a resistant (HM078) and susceptible (A17) genotype of M. truncatula at 24, 48, and 72 hours post inoculation. Preliminary microscopic examination showed reduced pathogen growth on the resistant genotype. In total, 192 and 2,908 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in the resistant and susceptible genotype, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the susceptible genotype engaged in processes in the cell periphery and plasma membrane, as well as flavonoid biosynthesis whereas the resistant genotype utilized calcium ion binding, cell wall modifications, and external encapsulating structures. Candidate genes for disease resistance were selected based on criteria, among the top ten upregulated genes in the resistant genotype, upregulated over time in the resistant genotype, hormone pathway genes, plant disease resistance genes, receptor-like kinases, contrasting expression profiles in QTL for disease resistance, and upregulated genes in enriched pathways. Overall, 19 candidate genes for SBS disease resistance were identified with support from the literature. These genes will be sources for future targeted mutagenesis and candidate gene validation potentially helping to improve disease resistance to this devastating foliar pathogen.
A Mosquito Distribution Prediction Method Based on High-Resolution Remote Sensing Maps and the Combination of Deep Learning and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Quanchao , Zhu Dingwei , Sun Huayun , Zou Yaming , Zhu Ding , Zhang Xin , Lan Cejie
Published: June 2024

Objective
To establish a mosquito distribution prediction model using high-resolution remote sensing maps and machine learning deep learning to determine the risk distribution of mosquito-borne infectious disease vectors and provide a decision-making basis for precise prevention and control.
Method
From March to November 2017–2021, a mosquito survey was conducted at 20 mosquito monitoring points in Wuxi City. High-resolution remote sensing image semantic segmentation was used to identify the ground features of a 250 meter radius buffer zone at the mosquito monitoring points. The typical correlation between the number of mosquitoes and ground features was analyzed, and an XGBoost model was established.
Results
A total of 5 types of mosquitoes were observed through the investigation, namely, Culex pipiens pallens, Culex trituberculatus, Anopheles sinensis, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes disturbance, representing 56.5%, 31.7%, 5.0%, 4.0%, and 1.7% of the observed mosquitos, respectively. The accuracy of the land feature data obtained by machine recognition and manual interpretation reaches 70%. The correlation coefficient between the ground feature data and mosquito distribution is 0.892. The accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score of the dominant species prediction models are 0.916, 0.875, 0.857, and 0.865, respectively, while those for the common species are 0.758, 0.669, 0.733, and 0.699, respectively.
Conclusion
The prediction model established by machine learning deep learning can effectively predict the distribution of mosquitoes and provide a decision-making basis for precise prevention and control.
Building Bridges: Enhancing Cultural Understanding and Community Engagement in the CHAMPS Program – Experience sought from Gobe Challa Village, Ethiopia
Authors: Leulseged Haleluya , Abdi Faisel , Mohamed Abdella , Wakoya Getahun , Aliyi Mohamed , Tesfaye Adane , Yali Segni , Mohamed Khalifa , Mohamed Akile , Yilma Eden , Saboka Mulualem , Bifle Maji , Workalemawu Serkalem , Hussein Obsitu , Aklilu Freedom , Eshetu Hawi , Tafa Mestu , Ahmed Obsa , Abdo Mohamed , Madrid Lola , Assefa Nega
Published: June 2024

Public health programs' successful implementation often requires a thorough consideration ⁠ of local cultural contexts and effective community engagement. The complexities and obstacles that public health initiatives may face in culturally ⁠ diverse communities are highlighted by our case study, offering valuable insights.‍ This article focuses on analyzing a particular incident that occurred in Gobe Challa Village, connected ⁠ to the implementation of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) program. In Gobe Challa Village, an incident occurred that centered on discord within the community and religious fears, resulting ⁠ from misunderstandings surrounding and a general lack of comprehension about the CHAMPS program. Our resolution process involved engaging the community, and religious leaders in constructive dialogue. Throughout this involvement, we delivered extensive elucidation on the aims and ⁠ protocols of the CHAMPS program, mitigating conflicts within the community. The community successfully achieved acceptance of the CHAMPS program by directly ⁠ and respectfully addressing misconceptions and fears, fostering a common understanding. This study emphasizes the significance of effective communication, community engagement, and ⁠ consideration of cultural customs when implementing public health programs. The experiences derived from this incident can act as a practical ⁠ manual for future public health initiatives encountering analogous cultural and societal dynamics. The main emphasis is on highlighting how a proactive, sensitive, and inclusive approach can ⁠ alleviate potential conflicts while also promoting program acceptance and encouraging community engagement. These discoveries have relevance to various public health initiatives and emphasize the significance ⁠ of a culturally conscious, community-involved approach in executing global health programs.‍
Investigation of Depression and Clinical Factors in Adolescent Temporomandibular Disorder Patients with Aging
Authors: Kim Tae-Seok , Lee Yeon-Hee
Published: June 2024

Background
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by functional limitations and pain in the masticatory muscle and the temporomandibular joint. In adolescent, TMD can significantly impact mental health and lead to psychosocial disabilities. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the depression, as assessed by the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and clinical factors in adolescent patients with TMD.
Methods
This study included a total of 185 adolescents (69 males, 116 females, mean age 15.15 ± 2.17) diagnosed with TMD between November 2020 and May 2023. Patients were categorized into three age groups: 46 young adolescents aged 10-13, 78 middle adolescents aged 14-16, and 61 older adolescents aged 17-18. Clinical data were collected from the medical records at the patients’ initial visit. Depression of patients was evaluated with SCL-90-R.
Results
Depression of adolescent TMD patients exhibited strong correlation with age (rho=0.193, p=0.004). In the adolescent TMD patients, depression scores were significantly associated with stressful conditions (rho=0.347, p<0.0001), sleep problems (rho=0.249, p=0.001), dysfunction index (rho=0.243, p=0.001), presence of tinnitus (rho=0.225, p=0.002), craniomandibular index (rho=0.218, p=0.003), history of trauma (rho=0.207, p=0.005), and habitual irregular diet (rho=0.189, p=0.010). In the generalized linear model, depression exhibited the most significant association with aging (B=2.651, 95% CI: 0.363-4.940), followed by clenching habits (B=1.433, 95% CI: 0.170-2.696), obsessive-compulsiveness (B=0.581, 95% CI: 0.427-0.735), and somatization (B=0.246, 95% CI: 0.047-0.445). In contrast, pain intensity, pain duration, and joint noise were not significantly related with depression in adolescent TMD patients (p>0.05). Also, osteoarthritis in panoramic image was not significantly associated with depression in adolescent TMD patients (p>0.05).
Conclusion
With the results of this study, clinicians would be able to evaluate the depression state of adolescent TMD patients with concise clinical information.
6CaO·6BaO·7Al 2 O 3 Thin Films Derived by Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Chavhan P. M. , Sharma R. K. , Kaushik N. K.
Published: June 2024

A novel 6CaO·6BaO·7Al2O3 (C6B6A7) thin film has been coated onto soda lime float glass substrates via a sol–gel dip coating technique is reported. X-ray diffraction analysis showed deformed cubic crystal structure for C6B6A7 films sample annealed at 450°C. The spectral transmittance of C6B6A7 films reveal that the optical properties of the films have been affected by annealing at 450°C in air and hydrogen (H2) atmosphere. The C6B6A7 films prepared using 5 (wt.%) sol and annealed at 450°C in air and hydrogen (H2) atmosphere exhibits an average transmittance of ~ 88% and ~ 77% respectively in wide visible range. The sheet resistance of the 150 nm films corresponding to 256.3 and 6.43 kilo Ohms per square has been observed for air and H2 annealed, respectively.
Unraveling the interplay of the soil microbiome and (poly)phenol content in blueberry in response to disturbances
Authors: Thomas Maxime , Lamara Mebarek , Desjardins Yves , Asselin Hugo , Fenton Nicole J.
Published: June 2024

Aims
Disturbances exert direct and indirect effects on plants through alterations of soil properties and microbiota composition. This can induce stress, resulting in modifications of plants’ phytochemical profile. This in turn can affect the possibility for Indigenous people to engage in cultural activities depending on wild plants used as food or medicine. As a case study, we evaluated correlations between (poly)phenols in Vaccinium angustifolium fruits, disturbances from mining and hydroelectric activities, soil properties, and soil microbiome composition.
Methods
We collected fruit and soil samples in the territories of three Indigenous communities in eastern Canada. Fruits were analyzed for their concentrations in anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and other (poly)phenols. Soil microbial DNA was extracted to reconstruct bacterial and fungal communities. A secondary subset of soil samples was used to measure soil properties. Relationships between soil, disturbances and (poly)phenols were investigated using multivariate analyses.
Results
Disturbances affected soil properties and microbiome, but not fruit (poly)phenol content. Two soil bacterial classes unaffected by disturbances, Bacilli and Desulfitobacteriia, were positively correlated with levels of proanthocyanidines and delphinidin-, cyanidin-, and petunidin-3-glucoside in fruits.
Conclusion
Disturbances did not affect (poly)phenol content in V. angustifolium fruits. However, mine disturbances may contaminate fruits with pollutants detrimental to human health, which should be evaluated before drawing conclusions about the effect of disturbances on plant nutritional and medicinal properties. Some soil bacterial classes seem to enhance the (poly)phenolic content of V. angustifolium fruits, suggesting that a strategy could be developed for enhancing the nutritional and medicinal properties of this culturally salient species.
Mobile health for obsessive-compulsive disorder: users’ preference and perception of patient-centeredness
Authors: Araújo Ana Isabel , Pereira Ana Telma , Duarte Isabel Catarina , Cardoso Remy , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Macedo António
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The increasingly fast development of mHealth technologies, despite being potentially valuable for patients with mental health problems, has not been accompanied by the incorporation of patient preferences and expectations. Considering that this is a crucial factor for sustained adherence and driven by the belief that the specific characteristics (young and highly educated) of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder are suitable for digital adoption, we sought to investigate mHealth-related desirability factors in this patient population. Fifty-one adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder filled in a self-report questionnaire to evaluate symptom self-management preferences, with a particular emphasis on exploring mHealth options, and a questionnaire about perceptions of patient-centeredness. Results: The smartphone phone app was the top choice of most of the sample for receiving information about symptom status (82.4%), receiving general information about obsessive-compulsive disorder (74.5%), and symptom self-registering (66.7%), with no effect of sex or living location. Although only 23.5% were using a health-related app, most of the participants reported that they would like to use it to receive tips about symptom management (98.1%), medical advice (94.2%), information about symptom evolution (90.2%) and lifestyle (92.2%), fill in their medication status (88.2%), and a short symptom self-report questionnaire (90.2%). The median mHealth-related expected impact on patient perceptions of patient-centeredness, satisfaction, and adherence was positive or very positive. Conclusion: Our data confirms that individuals with OCD show a strong inclination and optimistic expectations regarding technology-based solutions and elucidates some of the preferences of this patient group with potential of translating into real-world app design.
Dynamic Response of Soils Influenced by Seismic Activities
Authors: Kennedy Charles
Published: June 2024

The study investigated the dynamic soil properties of Delta and Akwa Ibom States in Niger Delta region of Nigeria as a function of seismic activities. The down-hole seismic test was used to determine the response of the soils. The results showed that young modulus increases with increase in depth, which ranged from 2817.5 to 3178.27kPa across the sites at depth of 30m. Also, shear wave velocity generally increases with increase in depth. The shear wave velocity results obtained from the experiment across the sites ranged from 130-283m/s, 139-262m/s,141-247m/s, 128-261m/s and 124-289m/s for Ikot Abasi, Ibagwa, Ibiaku Offot, Aboh and Afor Ogbodigbo respectively. Like the shear wave velocity, P-wave velocity generally increases with increase in depth, which is over twice the values of shear wave velocity. The P-wave velocity ranged from 326-676m/s across the sites. The void ratio was observed to be constant at certain range of depth in the soil strata, and in most cases, it does not increase correspondingly with depth. The void ratio results ranged from 0.655-0.813, 0.652-0.805, 0.664-0.794, 0.65-0.82 and 0.651-0.798 for Ikot Abasi, Ibagwa, Ibiaku Offot, Aboh and Afor Ogbodigbo sites respectively. Unlike void ratio, Poisson’s ratio fluctuates with depth, with values ranging from 0.249-0.353, 0.253-0.351, 0.308-0.357, 0.254-0.371 and 0.241-0.370 for Ikot Abasi, Ibagwa, Ibiaku Offot, Aboh and Afor Ogbodigbo sites respectively. Based on the observations on the dynamic response of the soils, the Niger Delta region, being an oil hub center, is susceptible to earthquake, which could be triggered with time if over stressed by heavy load and seismic activities.
Understanding the phase evolution and elemental distribution in MoWTaNbVTix manufactured via powder metallurgical approach
Authors: Bijjala Surya , Wilkerson Ryan , Beamer Chad , Kumar Pankaj
Published: June 2024

The high melting point and thermal stability of MoWTaNbVTix refractory high entropy alloys have prompted their potential for harsh temperature structure application. A low-cost manufacturing strategy is key to realizing this promise. Powder metallurgy is known to be a cost-efficient manufacturing route for manufacturing refractory alloys. Elemental distribution and phases that form during manufacturing are crucial to realize the desired properties. However, the phase evolution and elemental distribution in MoWTaNbVTix refractory high entropy alloys manufactured via powder metallurgy (PM) have not been rationalized earlier. The present study focuses on the phase evolution and elemental distribution analysis in MoWTaNbVTix manufactured by different PM approaches, pressureless sintering, hot isostatic pressing, and spark plasma sintering. A series of MoWTaNbVTix were manufactured using different PM manufacturing methods. Using intensive X-ray diffraction, microstructure, and elemental analysis, we reveal the formation of an FCC (TiTaNb)0.53C0.47 carbide and TiOx oxide phase in the nonequiatomic BCC MoWTaNbV matrix in MoWTaNbVTix. Interestingly, the liquid phase sintering yields a BCC_LSS matrix with a lattice parameter of 3.176 Å, differently than the solid state sintered BCC_SSS matrix with a lattice parameter of 3.193 Å. The fraction of (TiTaNb)0.53C0.47 and TiOx phases varies with Ti composition and PM processing routes. Nickel, as the sintering activator, enhances Ti diffusion in the matrix. Also, the hardness of the MoWTaNbVTix varies nonlinearly in a range of ~ 602- ~911 Hv with the ratio of oxide and carbide fraction. The hardness obtained in the PM approach is significantly higher than that observed for cast MoWTaNbVTix refractory high entropy alloys, reported in the literature.
Effects of eight insecticides on Drosophila suzukii and its major pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae
Authors: Huanhuan Gao , Peng Chen , Ansheng Zhang , Qianying Zhuang , Xianhong Zhou
Published: June 2024

Drosophila suzukii is an important fruit pest of global significance. The combined application of insecticides and natural enemies can control D. suzukii efficiently and reduce chemical insecticide residues. The pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae has been evaluated for the biological control of D. suzukii. However, little is known about the toxicity of common insecticides to T. drosophilae. In this study, the toxicity of eight common insecticides to D. suzukii as well as the effects of semi-lethal and sublethal doses on T. drosophilae were evaluated. The eight insecticides had higher toxicities to D. suzukii larvae with lower LC50 values than those for adults. Adults and larvae were sensitive to emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, and sophocarpidine. Based on the median lethal dose (LR50) and safety factor (SF) of insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid were classified as medium risk and the other six insecticides were classified as low risk against T. drosophilae adults. Although these insecticides exhibited low toxicity to D. suzukii pupae, the exposure of pupae or larvae to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, sophocarpidine, abamectin, azadirachtin, and spinetoram at semi-lethal and sublethal doses could decrease the parasitism or eclosion rate of T. drosophilae. These results improve our understanding of the effects of insecticide residues on T. drosophilae development and provide a basis for combined use of chemical and biological methods for the management of D. suzukii.
Construction of a high-density genetic map using SNPs makers and QTL analysis for tillering related traits in Psathyrostachys juncea perennial grass
Authors: 妈妈 英梅 , 昌 玉东 , 李 甄 , 志气 高 , 云 兰
Published: June 2024

Russian wildrye (RWR, Psathyrostachys juncea) is an outcrossing perennial grass which plays important role in forage and rangeland restoration due to its tiller producing abilities, nevertheless, no genetic map has been constructed owing to lacking of efficient and reliable molecular markers which are also constrains in identifying, locating, and cloning its economically important tiller density related traits during breeding. Therefore, this study was designed by creating a F1 mapping population with 147 individuals and their two parents based on different tiller densities. This mapping population was subsequently used for specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to produce SLAF markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovery. Initially, a total of 1,438.38 million pair-end reads were generated based on the average sequencing depth of 84.92 in the maternal line, 79.34 in the parental line, and 27.05 in each F1 individual, respectively. After filtering low-depth SLAF tags, a total of 558,344 high-quality SLAFs were detected. A total of 1,519,903 SNP markers were obtained and 62,424 polymorphic SNPs were discovered. Finally, 4,644 polymorphic SNPs selected from 62,424 SNPs were used for genetic map construction in seven linkage groups. The genetic map spanned 1,416.60 cM with an average distance between adjacent markers for 0.31 cM. Comparisons between seven linkage groups of RWR SLAF tag to whole-genome sequences in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) revealed homology value ranged from 17.5–34.6% and the collinearity between RWR linkage groups and Barley homology groups ranged from 0.6787 to 0.9234 with the value of 0.8158 on average. Totally sixteen significant QTLs for tiller related traits were detected using a BC1 population further verified the map’s reliability.
A Chi-square Statistic for Testing the Equality of Distracters’ Plausibility in Multiple-Choice Test Items
Authors: Balbuena Sherwin E.
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a new chi-square test statistic for testing the equality of response frequencies among distracters in multiple-choice tests. The formula uses the information from the number of correct answers and wrong answers, which becomes the basis of calculating the expected values of response frequencies per distracter. The method was applied to a statistics test response data and found to effectively detect unequally plausible distracters. Furthermore, the statistic had a quadratic relationship with item difficulty, indicating that at a certain range of plausibility values, there is an optimal item difficulty.
Exploring the Impact of Mechanical Power on Mortality and Phenotypes in ARDS Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Na , Wang Fan , Wang Huiyong , Ding Renshuang , Li Yan , Wang Zhiyong , Fang Mingxing , Li Yan
Published: June 2024

In this study, we investigated the effect of mechanical power (MP) on mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Patients diagnosed with ARDS were identified from the MIMIC-IV database. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized for survival analysis. The optimal cut-off value for MP was determined by using 'survminer' package. Causal mediation analysis (CMA) further investigated the effect of MP on 28-day mortality. Key predictive indicators were used to cluster and identify characteristics of different phenotypes. A total of 1333 patients were included. MP lower than 18.7J/min was associated with reduced mortality. Arterial pH and P/F ratio separately accounted for 29.2% and 20% of the mediating effect of high MP on increased 28-day mortality. Clustering analysis showed that phenotype-I had the worst respiratory mechanical parameters and the highest 28-day mortality. Phenotype-II was correlated with less organ dysfunction, the best oxygenation index and lower mechanical ventilation hours. Phenotype-III had the most laboratory abnormalities, the worse P/F ratio and longer ICU staytime. MP is strongly associated with mortality of ARDS patients belong to phenotype-III. High MP is independently associated with increased mortality in patients with ARDS. MP of less than 18.7 J/min is safer for ARDS patients.
Investigating effects of future path visualisation on path choices during collision encounters
Authors: Kamalasanan vinu , Fuest Stefan , Sester Monika
Published: June 2024

Safe navigation choices made in walkable spaces highly depend on how a traveller perceives and understands the threat from surrounding travellers’ movements. Hence, if a visual medium like an AR headset provides an augmented view where future paths of others are already shown virtually, this could influence the way a person decides to avoid a potential collision. In this work, taking walking conflicts as an example, we first propose different ways of showing the future path in AR and then investigate whether people decide to walk more safety-consciously when seeing AR information. For this, we conducted a web-based user study (n=27), in which participants sketched their walking paths attempting to avoid collisions after watching AR videos with 3D arrows that represent future walking steps of another person. By applying a sketch transformation pipeline, the participants’ drawings were transformed to trajectories of the preferred walking paths, which where then simulated to estimate the conflict severity using the Post Encroachment Time (PET) metric. The study verified that people choose to adapt their walking paths when seeing the future path information, and also react differently to different types of 3D arrow visualisations that represent the same future path.
Asthma During Pregnancy: How Obstetricians Regard Asthmatic Patients’ Treatment
Authors: Keskinel Ilkay , Eryilmaz Muzeyyen
Published: June 2024

Background
Asthma is the most common pulmonary disease encountered during pregnancy. In our daily practice, as a pulmonologist and an internal medicine specialist, we frequently encounter pregnant women with asthma; not all referred to us by an obstetrician. In our study, we aimed to evaluate obstetricians' approaches to treating pregnant women with asthma using a questionnaire.
Methods
We prepared a 12-question survey for the study and sent it via e-mail to obstetricians in our country. Participants were informed that participation was voluntary and they would remain anonymous. The survey was conducted via the Internet through e-mails.
Results
Of the doctors participating in the study, 26 (61.9%) were specialists and 16 (38.1%) were associate professors or professors. 23 (54.8%) of the obstetricians stated that they always consult their pregnant patient with a pulmonologist from the early days of pregnancy 10 (23.8%) consult on most occasions, 8 (19%) rarely, and 1 (2.4%) never feel the need for the consultation of a pulmonologist. Thirty-two (76.2%) of the doctors prefer vaginal delivery, 10 (23.8%) prefer cesarean section as the mode of delivery in asthmatic pregnants. 41 (97.6%) doctors prefer regional anesthesia and 1 (2.4%) prefer general anesthesia during cesarean section.
Conclusion
Both the obstetrician, pulmonologist or internist following the asthmatic pregnant should convince the patient that most of the drugs currently used in asthma treatment are "group B" drugs, which can be considered safe during pregnancy, and physicians take not only legal but also conscientious responsibility of their patients.
Trial registration
This study was registered by the scientific board of Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital (FSM EAH-KAEK 2023/71).
Improving awareness of rabies and free-roaming dogs in schools of Guwahati, Assam, India: exploring the educators’ perspective
Authors: Mohanty Parimala , Durr Salome , Heydtmann Samira , Sarkar Amrita , Tiwari Harish Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background
Rabies poses a significant threat to public health in India, with schoolchildren comprising approximately 40% of mortality due to this zoonotic disease. Despite ongoing interventions in schools to increase awareness about rabies and free-roaming dogs (FRD), the incidence of dog bites and rabies cases among schoolchildren continues to rise. This study addresses the limitations of existing awareness programs by exploring educators' perspectives and proposing innovative, feasible, and cost-effective interventions in schools.
Methods
A three-day workshop involving 19 teachers from seven schools representing diverse socio-economic backgrounds followed a modified Delphi method to achieve consensus on interventions identified during the process.
Results
The workshop recommends (a) promoting awareness in morning assemblies, (b) starting a wall magazine on One Health, (c) distributing and displaying information, education, and communication (IEC) materials, (d) encouraging infographics, paintings, sketches, and reels, (e) integrating rabies-related topics in co-curricular activities, (f) initiating interdisciplinary projects focusing on rabies awareness (g) displaying in rabies awareness stalls during exhibitions/school functions, and (h) discussing in parent-teachers meets.
Conclusions
This study identifies sustainable and pedagogically sound interventions to raise awareness about rabies and FRD in schools, contributing to the broader goal of reducing rabies-related mortality among school children