bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historique à long terme des feux de forêt de la sapinière de l’île Bonaventure en Gaspésie
Authors: Tremblay Joanie , Lavoie Martin , Frégeau Mathieu
Published: May 2014

Les chablis et les épidémies d’insectes sont les principales perturbations qui régissent la dynamique des sapinières des régions maritimes. Bien que peu fréquents, des feux peuvent aussi survenir à l’occasion, mais on ne connaît pas leur historique à long terme (sur plusieurs centaines et milliers d’années). Nous avons reconstitué l’histoire des feux naturels ayant eu lieu sur l’île Bonaventure à l’aide d’une analyse pédoanthracologique. Située à l’extrémité est de la péninsule gaspésienne, il s’agit d’une petite île dont le couvert forestier consiste en une sapinière à épinette blanche. Au sein d’une place-échantillon de 500 m2, les charbons de bois de taille macroscopique (< 2 mm) de 50 échantillons de sol minéral ont été dénombrés, identifiés et datés. Au total, seulement 7 charbons ont été trouvés. Les identifications botaniques indiquent qu’il s’agissait de feuillus (5 charbons) et d’un conifère (1 charbon), tandis que l’identification n’a pas été possible pour le dernier charbon. Les datations au carbone 14 (14C) ont livré des âges s’échelonnant entre 7 780 et 8 400 ans avant aujourd’hui (années étalonnées). Ces résultats suggèrent que des feux naturels sont survenus sur l’île Bonaventure lors des premiers millénaires ayant suivi la déglaciation. L’île semble avoir été épargnée du feu depuis 7 700 ans, ce qui marquerait l’époque de formation de la véritable sapinière.
LESÕES GÁSTRICAS EM EQUINOS HOSPITALIZADOS: ACHADO ACIDENTAL?	Gastric lesions in hospitalized horses: incidental finding?
Authors: Bueno Martins da Costa Marcela , De Oliveira Pinto José , Do Carmo Lopes Moreira José , Pereira da Silva João Carlos , De Souza Maria Verônica
Published: May 2014

Relata a presença de lesões assintomáticas em diferentes regiões do estômago de equinos hospitalizados. Imediatamente após a eutanásia, foi removido o estômago, e realizada uma incisão ao longo de sua curvatura maior. O órgão foi suavemente lavado com água corrente e submetido a avaliação macroscópica, momento em que foram verificados o número e a severidade das lesões, assim como a região afetada. Na sequência, foram obtidos fragmentos de cinco regiões previamente mapeadas (dois oriundos da região aglandular e três da glandular: cárdica, fúndica e pilórica) para exame histológico, assim como de outras áreas com lesões macroscópicas. De dez animais, quatro apresentaram lesões macroscópicas isoladas na região glandular e seis em ambas as regiões. O exame histológico revelou a gastrite como a lesão mais frequente, seguida daúlcera ou erosão. A maioria dos casos de úlcera e erosão foi aguda; e a gastrite foi crônica. Os resultados obtidos no estudo evidenciam a necessidade de maiores cuidados no que se refere a medidas preventivas para evitar a ocorrência de lesões gástricas em equinos enfermos.
Editorial
Authors: Ernandes Kozicki. Luiz
Published: May 2014

A Revista Acadêmica: Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais apresenta o segundo número de 2013. Como havíamosprevisto, o Corpo Editorial buscou de várias formas, mas com responsabilidade e ao custo de significativoempenho e trabalho, disponibilizar esta edição a seu público. Evidentemente isso é resultado da cooperaçãodos autores, que nos atenderam não só nas chamadas, mas também na relevante etapa posterior à submissão,na tramitação rotineira de artigos em processo de editoração (sugestões, correções, retornos etc.).Esses trâmites têm sido realizados pelo Corpo Editorial num período de aproximadamente 11 meses entrea submissão e a publicação dos artigos, no intento de atender aos interesses dos autores, os quais desejamver suas pesquisas publicadas. Isso também é importante para a produtividade dos pesquisadores juntoaos seus respectivos Programas de Pós-Graduação Strito Sensu.Aos prezados pesquisadores, mantemos o convite à submissão de suas pesquisas, sejam elas em nível local,regional, nacional ou internacional. Aos leitores, desejamos que o presente número satisfaça suas expectativaspara suas consultas e citações.Nossos efusivos agradecimentos a todos que colaboraram com esta edição, contribuindo para o crescimentosubstancial e para o paulatino reconhecimento da Revista.
OVUM PICK UP (LOPU) IN SANTA INES SHEEP: LEARNING CURVE AND TECHNICAL DETAILS	Aspiração folicular ovariana em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês: curva do aprendizado e detalhes técnicos
Authors: Maia Teixeira Pedro Paulo , Padilha Luciana Cristina , Do Socorro Lima da Silva Alanna , Farias Pereira da Câmara Barros Felipe , Nassar Coutinho Leandro , Franco Oliveira Maria Emília , Ferguson Motheo Tathiana , Machado Silva Marco Augusto , Niderauer Flôres Fabiola , Seudo Lopes Maristela De Cássia , De Barros Bandarra Marcio , Oliveira Vasconcelos Rosimeri , De Souza Rodrigues Luiz Fernando , Russiano Vicente Wilter Ricardo
Published: May 2014

The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy, the learning curve and associated technical difficulties oflaparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) in sheep. Ten ovum pick-up sessions were performed in six Santa Ines sheep during a cycle of 7-day intervals, totaling 60 laparoscopic procedures. The sheep were managed for synchronizationof the estrous cycle. The laparoscopic approach was carried out using three ports. The number of follicles viewed, aspirated follicles and oocytes recovered were 13.32 ± 2.8, 11.37 ± 2.8 and 6.36 ± 2.0, respectively. Total operation time was used to assess the learning curve among 10 laparoscopic sessions. Mean surgical time was relatively short (26.75 ± 9.6 minutes). Surgical time decreased from the first session on (P < 0.05). LOPU was demonstrated to be a procedure with little intercurrence and with a short learning curve. Others studies regarding this technique should be performed to minimize possible complications and enabling its use in the field
COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE NOVILHOS ALIMENTADOS COM SILAGEM DE CAPIM PAPUÃ (UROCHLOAPLANTAGINEA) X SILAGEM DE SORGO (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH)	Ingestive behaviour of steers fed with Alexander grass silage (Urochloa plantaginea) x sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Mônego Argenta Flânia , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Celestino Alves Filho Dari , Nornberg José Laerte , Rumpel Segabinazi Luciane , Restle João , Smidt Weise Matheus , Borchate Daniele , Da Silva Rodrigues Leonel , Farias de Moura Amanda
Published: May 2014

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo de novilhos terminados em confinamento, alimentados com silagem de capim papuã e silagem de sorgo. Cada tratamento foi composto por seis animais com peso e idade média inicial de 245 kg e 20 meses, respectivamente, e grupos genéticos de cruzas Nelore (N) com Charolês (C). A dieta foi composta por relação volumoso:concentrado, 50:50 (base na MS). As atividades comportamentais foram observadas a cada cinco minutos, no decorrer de vinte e quatro horas, durante oito dias, distribuídos ao longo do período de confinamento. O uso dos diferentes tipos de volumoso não interferiu no tempo de alimentação, ruminação e ócio, com médias de 4,29; 11,52 e 8,06h, respectivamente. As variáveis número de refeições e tempo de refeições diárias também não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos, sendo respectivamente7,72 e 35,79min. O número de mastigadas por bolo ruminal, tempo de mastigada por bolo, número de bolos, número de mastigadas diárias e tempo de mastigação total expressos em h/dia, não diferiram (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos, apresentando respectivamente valores médios de 59; 53; 550,44; 32059,5 e 12,36. Não foi constatada influência dos diferentes volumosos sobre o comportamento ingestivo dos novilhos confinados.
DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO E REPRODUTIVO DE CORDEIRAS RECEBENDO SUPLEMENTAÇÃO CONCENTRADA EM COMEDOURO PRIVATIVO	Productive and reproductive performance of lambs receiving concentrate supplementation in private feeder
Authors: Siqueira Ortiz Jessé , Costa Ciniro , De Lima Meirelles Paulo Roberto , Berchiol da Silva Marina Gabriela , Conte Hadlich Janaina , Cavasano Francielli Aparecida , Garcia Cledson Augusto
Published: May 2014

Para reposição de matrizes ovinas buscam-se fêmeas com elevadas taxas de fertilidade e prolificidade dotadas de habilidade materna visando reduzir a mortalidade dos cordeiros. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de níveis de suplementação concentrada contendo 18% de PB e 3,15 Mcal EM/kg/MS para cordeiras em comedouro privativo sobre peso e desempenho em distintas idades, início da puberdade e desempenho reprodutivo, foram utilizadas 36 cordeiras Suffolk, divididas em três níveis de ingestão de concentrado 1; 2,5 e 4% do peso vivo, alimentadas do nascimento ao desmame, sendo fornecido uma vez ao dia com o registro das sobras diárias. As cordeiras foram identificadas, pesadas ao nascimento e a cada 30 dias, sendo desmamadas aos 60 dias. Não houve diferença significativa para peso e ganho de peso médio diário aos 30 e 60 dias de idade. Os níveis de ingestão não influenciaram os parâmetros analisados. A suplementação diária de 4% do peso vivo para as cordeiras até o desmame, promoveu melhor desempenho reprodutivo no primeiro e segundo ano de cobertura, porém não aumentou o número de cordeiros por parto.
AVANÇO NA AVALIAÇÃO ESPERMÁTICA DE EQUINOS: REVISÃO
Authors: Ricabone Muradas Priscilla , Weiss Romildo Romualdo , Ernandes Kozicki Luiz
Published: May 2014

O objetivo da revisão é o de proporcionar um panorama geral das técnicas utilizadas correntemente na avaliação da capacidade fecundante de espermatozoides equinos. No decurso dos tempos, a fertilidade dos garanhões firmou-se como um dos principais parâmetros de seleção e utilização. Neste contexto foram desenvolvidos métodos laboratoriais para a avaliação do sêmen. Tais métodos em conjunto podemajudar a predizer o potencial fecundante. O espermograma convencional tem-se caracterizado como o principal método de diagnóstico de fertilidade do macho. Dentre as várias características espermáticas a serem avaliadas no espermograma, a motilidade e a morfologia dos espermatozoides destacam-se como as mais importantes. Contudo, isso por si só, pode não ser suficiente, uma vez que não avaliam a estrutura interna da célula espermática, como a cromatina (DNA e proteínas específicas), indicativosessenciais da funcionalidade dos espermatozoides, da habilidade de fecundação e do desenvolvimento embrionário. As avaliações convencionais executadas pela análise visual do examinador carregam consigo graus de subjetividade, não correspondendo muitas vezes à realidade. Visando reduzir as falhas do examinador e melhorar a repetibilidade entre os examinadores, tem sido proposta a utilização de análise de imagem por computador para a avaliação da motilidade e da morfologia dos espermatozoides, além da composição do plasma seminal, integridade da membrana plasmática e acrossomal, função mitocondrial, desnaturação da cromatina e peroxidação das membranas espermáticas dentre outras.Porém o teste mais representativo de avaliação da capacidade de fertilização dos espermatozoides é aprópria fertilização seja “in vitro” ou “in vivo”.
DESEMPENHO DE PATOS (CAIRINA MOSCHATA) EM CONFINAMENTO SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE ALOJAMENTO	Performance of ducks (Cairina moschata) in confinement under different stocking densities
Authors: Guimarães Cruz Frank George , De Carvalho Maquiné Leandro , Oliveira das Chagas Ewerton , Barroncas dos Santos Melo Jadilson , De Lima Chaves Francisco Alberto
Published: May 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes densidades de alojamento de patos em confinamento sobre o desempenho da produção de carne total, rendimento de carcaça e vísceras. Foram utilizados 160 patos crioulos com um dia de idade de ambos os sexos até os 90 dias de idade. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado com quatro tratamentos (densidades de alojamento) e quatro repetições. As densidades de alojamento foram constituídas de 1, 2, 3 e 4 aves/m². Não foi observado efeito significativo (P > 0,05) das densidades sobre o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e viabilidade. A produção de carne total aumentou linearmente (2,17 a 8,71 kg/m²) à medida que se aumentou a densidade. Houve efeito significativo (P < 0,05) para rendimento de carcaça, relativo à densidade de 3 aves/m², a qual apresentou melhor resultado (66,70 ± 0,38). A densidade de alojamento influenciou significativamente (P < 0,05) os resultados de produção de carne, receita bruta e lucro operacional. Pode-se recomendar para patos em confinamento a densidade de alojamento 4 aves/m² no período de 1 a 90 dias de idade.
MILK QUALITY FROM WESTERN SANTA CATARINA IN THE PERIOD OF 2009 - 2010	Qualidade do leite do Oeste de Santa Catarina no período de 2009 - 2010
Authors: Nespolo Cassia Regina , Moura Stefani Lenita , Locatelli Marcos , Pasetti Maximiliano
Published: May 2014

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of refrigerated raw milk produced by 912 farmers in the Western part of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The parameters analyzed were fat, protein, lactose, solids nonfat (SNF) content, standard plate count (SPC) and somatic cell count (SCC). A comparative analysis study with data from 2009 and 2010 was also conducted, which has shown that SCC influenced on the physico-chemical results. It was also observed that in 2010 the values for SCC were higher than in 2009, out of the limits recommended by the legislation until 2011. The SPC values were well above the maximum level accepted, indicating high contamination of milk with aerobic mesophilic microorganisms. The data collected indicated that only 4.9% of the producers sampled in 2009 and 8.1% in 2010 were in compliance with the standards enforced by a new legislation of January 2012. There was also increase on the milk fat content as SCC increased, which was not observed with other milk components. Lactose had a gradual reduction as SCC increased. On the other hand, SNF content did not correlate with SCC variance. These results demonstrate the urgent need of improvement in milk production and better technical orientation of milk producing properties to reach higher quality standards in Santa Catarina.
A new technique for filter packing water wells: research and development
Authors: Gorla Maurizio
Published: May 2014

The selection of poor quality natural sand and gravel filter pack media for water supply wells leads to insufficient hydraulics, increased well clogging, higher electrical energy demand, reduced life-cycle and increased Operations & Maintenance (O & M) activities and costs.
Ki-67 is a PP1-interacting protein that organises the mitotic chromosome periphery
Authors: Booth Daniel G , Takagi Masatoshi , Sanchez-Pulido Luis , Petfalski Elizabeth , Vargiu Giulia , Samejima Kumiko , Imamoto Naoko , Ponting Chris P , Tollervey David , Earnshaw William C , Vagnarelli Paola
Published: May 2014

When the nucleolus disassembles during open mitosis, many nucleolar proteins and RNAs associate with chromosomes, establishing a perichromosomal compartment coating the chromosome periphery. At present nothing is known about the function of this poorly characterised compartment. In this study, we report that the nucleolar protein Ki-67 is required for the assembly of the perichromosomal compartment in human cells. Ki-67 is a cell-cycle regulated protein phosphatase 1-binding protein that is involved in phospho-regulation of the nucleolar protein B23/nucleophosmin. Following siRNA depletion of Ki-67, NIFK, B23, nucleolin, and four novel chromosome periphery proteins all fail to associate with the periphery of human chromosomes. Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) images suggest a near-complete loss of the entire perichromosomal compartment. Mitotic chromosome condensation and intrinsic structure appear normal in the absence of the perichromosomal compartment but significant differences in nucleolar reassembly and nuclear organisation are observed in post-mitotic cells.
Transport of soluble proteins through the Golgi occurs by diffusion via continuities across cisternae
Authors: Beznoussenko Galina V , Parashuraman Seetharaman , Rizzo Riccardo , Polishchuk Roman , Martella Oliviano , Di Giandomenico Daniele , Fusella Aurora , Spaar Alexander , Sallese Michele , Capestrano Maria Grazia , Pavelka Margit , Vos Matthijn R , Rikers Yuri GM , Helms Volkhard , Mironov Alexandre A , Luini Alberto
Published: May 2014

The mechanism of transport through the Golgi complex is not completely understood, insofar as no single transport mechanism appears to account for all of the observations. Here, we compare the transport of soluble secretory proteins (albumin and α1-antitrypsin) with that of supramolecular cargoes (e.g., procollagen) that are proposed to traverse the Golgi by compartment progression–maturation. We show that these soluble proteins traverse the Golgi much faster than procollagen while moving through the same stack. Moreover, we present kinetic and morphological observations that indicate that albumin transport occurs by diffusion via intercisternal continuities. These data provide evidence for a transport mechanism that applies to a major class of secretory proteins and indicate the co-existence of multiple intra-Golgi trafficking modes.
Molecular mechanism of Aurora A kinase autophosphorylation and its allosteric activation by TPX2
Authors: Zorba Adelajda , Buosi Vanessa , Kutter Steffen , Kern Nadja , Pontiggia Francesco , Cho Young-Jin , Kern Dorothee
Published: May 2014

We elucidate the molecular mechanisms of two distinct activation strategies (autophosphorylation and TPX2-mediated activation) in human Aurora A kinase. Classic allosteric activation is in play where either activation loop phosphorylation or TPX2 binding to a conserved hydrophobic groove shifts the equilibrium far towards the active conformation. We resolve the controversy about the mechanism of autophosphorylation by demonstrating intermolecular autophosphorylation in a long-lived dimer by combining X-ray crystallography with functional assays. We then address the allosteric activation by TPX2 through activity assays and the crystal structure of a domain-swapped dimer of dephosphorylated Aurora A and TPX21−25. While autophosphorylation is the key regulatory mechanism in the centrosomes in the early stages of mitosis, allosteric activation by TPX2 of dephosphorylated Aurora A could be at play in the spindle microtubules. The mechanistic insights into autophosphorylation and allosteric activation by TPX2 binding proposed here, may have implications for understanding regulation of other protein kinases.
Characterization of TSET, an ancient and widespread membrane trafficking complex
Authors: Hirst Jennifer , Schlacht Alexander , Norcott John P , Traynor David , Bloomfield Gareth , Antrobus Robin , Kay Robert R , Dacks Joel B , Robinson Margaret S
Published: May 2014

The heterotetrameric AP and F-COPI complexes help to define the cellular map of modern eukaryotes. To search for related machinery, we developed a structure-based bioinformatics tool, and identified the core subunits of TSET, a 'missing link' between the APs and COPI. Studies in Dictyostelium indicate that TSET is a heterohexamer, with two associated scaffolding proteins. TSET is non-essential in Dictyostelium, but may act in plasma membrane turnover, and is essentially identical to the recently described TPLATE complex, TPC. However, whereas TPC was reported to be plant-specific, we can identify a full or partial complex in every eukaryotic supergroup. An evolutionary path can be deduced from the earliest origins of the heterotetramer/scaffold coat to its multiple manifestations in modern organisms, including the mammalian muniscins, descendants of the TSET medium subunits. Thus, we have uncovered the machinery for an ancient and widespread pathway, which provides new insights into early eukaryotic evolution.
Cell elongation is regulated through a central circuit of interacting transcription factors in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl
Authors: Oh Eunkyoo , Zhu Jia-Ying , Bai Ming-Yi , Arenhart Rafael Augusto , Sun Yu , Wang Zhi-Yong
Published: May 2014

As the major mechanism of plant growth and morphogenesis, cell elongation is controlled by many hormonal and environmental signals. How these signals are coordinated at the molecular level to ensure coherent cellular responses remains unclear. In this study, we illustrate a molecular circuit that integrates all major growth-regulating signals, including auxin, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, light, and temperature. Analyses of genome-wide targets, genetic and biochemical interactions demonstrate that the auxin-response factor ARF6, the light/temperature-regulated transcription factor PIF4, and the brassinosteroid-signaling transcription factor BZR1, interact with each other and cooperatively regulate large numbers of common target genes, but their DNA-binding activities are blocked by the gibberellin-inactivated repressor RGA. In addition, a tripartite HLH/bHLH module feedback regulates PIFs and additional bHLH factors that interact with ARF6, and thereby modulates auxin sensitivity according to developmental and environmental cues. Our results demonstrate a central growth-regulation circuit that integrates hormonal, environmental, and developmental controls of cell elongation in Arabidopsis hypocotyl.
Radial Collateral Ligament of the Elbow
Authors: Jacobson Jon A. , Chiavaras Mary M. , Lawton Jason Michael , Downie Brian , Yablon Corrie M. , Lawton Jeffrey
Published: May 2014

Objectives

An abnormality of the radial collateral ligament (RCL) in the setting of lateral epicondylitis can indicate a poor clinical outcome; therefore, accurate assessment is important. The purpose of this study was to characterize the proximal RCL attachment, or footprint, as seen on sonography using cadaveric dissection correlation and magnetic resonance arthrography.

Methods

For the first part of this study, 4 cadaveric elbow specimens were imaged with sonography before and after dissection to characterize the RCL. After Institutional Review Board approval with consent waived, 26 consecutive magnetic resonance (MR) arthrograms of the elbow were identified. The sonograms and MR arthrograms were retrospectively reviewed to measure the length of the RCL footprint and its percentage of the combined RCL and common extensor tendon (CET) humeral footprints.

Results

The mean RCL footprint length and percentage of the combined RCL and CET footprints were 8.4 mm (range, 7.4–10.0 mm) and 54% as measured from the elbow specimen sonograms and 9.1 mm (range, 6.4–12.5 mm) and 54% as measured from the MR arthrograms. The mean RCL footprint length combining data from specimens and MR arthrograms was 8.9 mm (range, 6.4–12.5 mm), covering 54% of the combined RCL and CET footprints.

Conclusions

The RCL can be differentiated from the CET on sonography with knowledge of the RCL humeral footprint extent, which measured 8.9 mm in length and comprised 54% of the combined RCL and CET footprints.
Collaborative Study of 4‐Dimensional Fetal Echocardiography in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Espinoza Jimmy , Lee Wesley , Viñals Fernando , Martinez Josep Maria , Bennasar Mar , Rizzo Giuseppe , Belfort Michael
Published: May 2014

Objectives

Accumulating evidence supports a role for 2‐dimensional fetal echocardiography in the first trimester of pregnancy for the identification of congenital heart defects. Our objective was to investigate the role of 4‐dimensional (4D) sonography in the identification of congenital heart defects between 11 and 15 weeks of pregnancy.

Methods

This study included 4 centers with expertise in first‐trimester 4D fetal echocardiography. Fetuses with and without confirmed heart defects were evaluated between 11 and 15 weeks and their volume data sets were uploaded onto a centralized file transfer protocol server.

Results

Forty‐eight volume data sets from fetuses with normal (n = 17) and abnormal (n = 16) hearts were evaluated. Overall, the median (range) accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as the positive and negative likelihood ratios, for the identification of fetuses with congenital heart defects were 79% (77%–83%), 90% (70%–96%), 59% (58%–93%), 2.35 (2.05–9.80), and 0.18 (0.08–0.32), respectively.

Conclusions

(1) Four‐dimensional fetal echocardiography can be performed in the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy; and (2) 4D volume data sets obtained from fetuses between 11 and 15 weeks can be remotely acquired and accurately interpreted by different centers.
Measuring Mitochondrial Function in Permeabilized Cells Using the Seahorse XF Analyzer or a Clark‐Type Oxygen Electrode
Authors: Divakaruni Ajit S. , Rogers George W. , Murphy Anne N.
Published: May 2014

Measurements of mitochondrial respiration in intact cells can help define metabolism and its dysregulation in fields such as cancer, metabolic disease, immunology, and neurodegeneration. Although cells can be offered various substrates in the assay medium, many cell types can oxidize stored pools of energy substrates. A general bioenergetic profile can therefore be obtained using intact cells, but the inability to control substrate provision to the mitochondria can restrict an in‐depth, mechanistic understanding. Mitochondria can be isolated from intact cells, but the yield and quality of the end product is often poor and prone to subselection during isolation. Plasma membrane permeabilization of cells provides a solution to this challenge, allowing experimental control of the medium surrounding the mitochondria. This unit describes techniques to measure respiration in permeabilized adherent cells using a Seahorse XF Analyzer or permeabilized suspended cells in a Hansatech Oxygraph. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 60:25.2.1‐25.2.16. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identifying Compounds that Induce Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Isolated Rat Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Marroquin Lisa , Swiss Rachel , Will Yvonne
Published: May 2014

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a protein pore that forms in the inner mitochondrial membrane and allows the membrane to be permeable to all molecules of less than 1500 Da. Ca2+, numerous reactive chemicals, and oxidative stress induce MPTP opening, whereas cyclosporin A (CsA) or bongkrekic acid block it. In addition, several drugs have been shown to induce MPTP opening, leading to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, swelling of the matrix because of water accumulation, rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and release of intermembrane space proteins into the cytosol. This ultimately leads to the rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane and cell demise. Here, we describe an assay using isolated rat liver mitochondria that can detect Ca2+‐dependent drug‐induced opening of the MPTP, providing protocols for screening in both cuvette and 96‐well format. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 60:25.4.1:‐25.4.17. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Age dates of valley network drainage basins and subbasins within Sabae and Arabia Terrae, Mars
Authors: Bouley Sylvain , Craddock Robert A.
Published: May 2014

The precise timing of valley network drainage basin formation is critical to understanding the history of water and climate on Mars. To determine whether there are any variations in ages within separate drainage basins and subbasins that may reflect local or regional variations in climate or resetting from resurfacing (e.g., impact ejecta or lava flows), we dated 27 basins and subbasins in Sabaea and Arabia Terrae. The age‐dating basin technique we employed allowed sufficient precision to give accurate ages and shows that fluvial activity within the basins and subbasins ceased at approximately the same time around the Early Hesperian/Late Hesperian transition. Our results support the hypothesis that valley networks formed during a unique “fluvial optimum” that may have shut off gradually because of a global climate change that affected all areas simultaneously on Mars.
New model describes toppling of salt marsh banks
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: May 2014

Salt marshes are coastal habitats that store important nutrients and serve as shelter for many estuarial species. These habitats are threatened by rising seas and human expansion, so it has become increasingly important to improve models of how these habitats degrade.
Gas–liquid mass‐transfer properties in CO2 absorption system with ionic liquids
Authors: Zhang Xin , Bao Di , Huang Ying , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xiangping , Zhang Suojiang
Published: May 2014

The deficiency of mass‐transfer properties in ionic liquids (ILs) has become a bottleneck in developing the novel IL‐based CO2 capture processes. In this study, the liquid‐side mass‐transfer coefficients (kL) were measured systematically in a stirred cell reactor by the decreasing pressure method at temperatures ranging from 303 to 323 K and over a wide range of IL concentrations from 0 to 100 wt %. Based on the data of kL, the kinetics of chemical absorption of CO2 with mixed solvents containing 30 wt % monoethanolamine (MEA) and 0–70 wt % ILs were investigated. The kL in IL systems is influenced not only by the viscosity but also the molecular structures of ILs. The enhancement factors and the reaction activation energy were quantified. Considering both the mass‐transfer rates and the stability of IL in CO2 absorption system, the new IL‐based system MEA + [bmim][NO3] + H2O is recommended. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2929–2939, 2014
Ein metallischer Raumtemperatur‐Sauerstoffionenleiter
Authors: Heise Martin , Rasche Bertold , Isaeva Anna , Baranov Alexey I. , Ruck Michael , Schäfer Konrad , Pöttgen Rainer , Eufinger Jens‐Peter , Janek Jürgen
Published: May 2014

Nanopartikel von Bi3Ir, die aus einem mikrowellenunterstützten Polyol‐Prozess erhalten wurden, aktivieren molekularen Luftsauerstoff bei Raumtemperatur und interkalieren diesen reversibel als Oxidionen. Die eng verwandten Strukturen von Bi3Ir und Bi3IrOx (x≤2) wurden mittels Röntgenbeugung, Elektronenmikroskopie und quantenchemischer Modellierung charakterisiert. In dem topochemisch gebildeten Suboxid bleiben die intermetallischen Strukturmotive vollständig erhalten. Zeit‐ und temperaturabhängige Untersuchungen der Sauerstoffaufnahme in einer sauerstoffgefüllten Kammer ergeben eine Aktivierungsenergie für die Sauerstoffionendiffusion (84 meV), die um eine Größenordnung geringer ist als in allen bisher bekannten Materialien. Bi3IrOx ist der erste metallische und zugleich der erste Raumtemperatur‐Sauerstoffionenleiter.
Solid‐State Hierarchical Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Polymer Constructed by Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Azido Interactions
Authors: Ménand Mickaël , Adam de Beaumais Ségolène , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Derat Etienne , Blanchard Sébastien , Zhang Yongmin , Bouteiller Laurent , Sollogoub Matthieu
Published: May 2014

The crystallization of a di‐azido‐α‐cyclodextrin revealed a polymeric self‐assembly involving a variety of azido‐type interactions. The crystal arrangement relies on the cooperativity of a primary azido inclusion, a secondary azido–azido interaction involving an unprecedented distribution of canonical forms, and a tertiary azido–groove interaction. The second azido group brings in a major contribution to the supramolecular structure illustrating the benefit of a difunctionalization for the generation of hierarchy.
Carbonylations of Alkenes with CO Surrogates
Authors: Wu Lipeng , Liu Qiang , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: May 2014

Alkene carbonylation reactions are important for the production of value‐added bulk and fine chemicals. Nowadays, all industrial carbonylation processes make use of highly toxic and flammable carbon monoxide. In fact, these properties impede the wider use of carbonylation reactions in industry and academia. Hence, performing carbonylations without the use of CO is highly desired and will contribute to the further advancement of sustainable chemistry. Although the use of carbon monoxide surrogates in alkene carbonylation reactions has been reported intermittently in the last 30 years, only recently has this area attracted significant interest. This Minireview summarizes carbonylation reactions of alkenes using different carbon monoxide surrogates.
Vertically π‐Expanded Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine: The Missing Link of the Puzzle
Authors: Firmansyah Dikhi , Banasiewicz Marzena , Deperasińska Irena , Makarewicz Artur , Kozankiewicz Boleslaw , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: May 2014

The dehydrogenative coupling of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivative has been achieved for the first time. In cases in which the most‐electron‐rich position of the electron‐excessive heterocycle was blocked by a naphthalen‐1‐yl substituent, neither oxidative aromatic coupling nor reaction under Scholl conditions enabled the fusion of the rings. The only method that converted the substrate into the corresponding imidazo[5,1,2‐de]naphtho[1,8‐ab]quinolizine was coupling in the presence of potassium in anhydrous toluene. Moreover, we discovered new, excellent conditions for this anion‐radical coupling reaction, which employed dry O2 from the start in the reaction mixture. This method afforded vertically fused imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine in 63 % yield. Interestingly, whereas the fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl) of compound 3, despite the freedom of rotation, was close to 50 %, the Φfl value of flat naphthalene‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine was only 5 %. Detailed analysis of this compound by using DFT calculations and a low‐temperature Shpol′skii matrix revealed phosphorescence emission, thus indicating that efficient intersystem‐crossing from the lowest‐excited S1 level to the triplet manifold was the competing process with fluorescence.
Laser light scan analysis of the “anticonvulsant face”
Authors: Orup H. Ivan , Deutsch Curtis K. , Holmes Lewis B.
Published: May 2014

Background

The “anticonvulsant face,” with a short nose, broad nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, and wide mouth, was described in the 1970s in children who had been exposed during pregnancy to the anticonvulsant drugs phenytoin and phenobarbital. The laser light scan makes it possible to establish three‐dimensional positions of physical features and to determine more objectively the changes in the size and shape of the affected soft tissues of the faces of children exposed to these anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancy.

Methods

Thirteen individuals, exposed throughout pregnancy to phenytoin as either monotherapy or polytherapy, were identified in a previous analysis as having significant changes in their craniofacial features based on measurements of cephalometric radiographs. Those changes were associated with midface hypoplasia and a short nose, features of the “anticonvulsant face.” The soft tissues of their faces have been evaluated with laser light scans.

Results

The notable changes in soft tissues identified by laser light scans were a wide philtrum (cph‐cph), narrow mouth (ch‐ch), short nasal bridge (n‐prn), shortened nose height (n‐sn), and flattened orbits (orbital protrusion index).

Conclusion

This analysis of the facial features of phenytoin‐exposed individuals, selected because of changes in their craniofacial bony structures, showed that there were several significant changes, two of which, widening of the philtrum and a small mouth, have not been described previously as part of this phenotype. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:905–911, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost-effectiveness of the National Health Service abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programme in England
Authors: Glover M J , Kim L G , Sweeting M J , Thompson S G , Buxton M J
Published: May 2014

Background

Implementation of the National Health Service abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening programme (NAAASP) for men aged 65 years began in England in 2009. An important element of the evidence base supporting its introduction was the economic modelling of the long-term cost-effectiveness of screening, which was based mainly on 4-year follow-up data from the Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) randomized trial. Concern has been expressed about whether this conclusion of cost-effectiveness still holds, given the early performance parameters, particularly the lower prevalence of AAA observed in NAAASP.

Methods

The existing published model was adjusted and updated to reflect the current best evidence. It was recalibrated to mirror the 10-year follow-up data from MASS; the main cost parameters were re-estimated to reflect current practice; and more robust estimates of AAA growth and rupture rates from recent meta-analyses were incorporated, as were key parameters as observed in NAAASP (attendance rates, AAA prevalence and size distributions).

Results

The revised and updated model produced estimates of the long-term incremental cost-effectiveness of £5758 (95 per cent confidence interval £4285 to £7410) per life-year gained, or £7370 (£5467 to £9443) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.

Conclusion

Although the updated parameters, particularly the increased costs and lower AAA prevalence, have increased the cost per QALY, the latest modelling provides evidence that AAA screening as now being implemented in England is still highly cost-effective.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol as a Model Compound for Bio‐oil on Non‐noble Bimetallic Nickel‐based Catalysts
Authors: Huynh Thuan Minh , Armbruster Udo , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Schneider Matthias , Radnik Joerg , Hoang Dang‐Lanh , Phan Binh Minh Quoc , Nguyen Duc Anh , Martin Andreas
Published: May 2014

Ni/HZSM‐5 catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of bio‐oil were modified with Cu and Co. A first test series with phenol as a model revealed that the presence of Ni is essential for high activity. However, modification with Cu deteriorated the catalytic performance significantly whereas an admixture of Co increased the activity and selectivity toward the target hydrocarbons benzene and cyclohexane. Characterization studies performed by using TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XRD techniques elucidated detrimental effects of the second metals: both Cu and Co form alloys with Ni; however, Cu caused a loss of active sites as well as tended to segregate at the surface whereas Co made the particles smaller and strongly stabilized the active Ni sites, that is, Ni dispersion increased. A NiCo/HZSM‐5 catalyst (10 wt % of each metal content) showed 99 % hydrocarbon selectivity at complete phenol conversion. Additional studies using intermediate products such as benzene, cyclohexene, and C6 oxygenates as feeds highlight the effect of the catalyst composition on key reaction steps.
Elucidating the Effect of the Nucleophilicity of the Silyl Group in the Reduction of CO2 to CO Mediated by Silyl‐Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Tan Gengwen , Blom Burgert , Gallego Daniel , Irran Elisabeth , Driess Matthias
Published: May 2014

The reduction of CO2 to CO with silyl‐copper(I) complexes bearing various silyl groups has been investigated. The silyl‐copper(I) complexes [LSi(X)Cu(IPr)] 2–5 (X=OtBu (2), OH (3), H (4), OC6F5 (5); L=CH{CCH2}(CMe)(NAr)2, IPr=(CHNAr)2C:, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) bearing OtBu, OH, H, and OC6F5 as functional groups are readily accessible by the activation of the CuO and CuH bonds in (IPr)CuX with silylene LSi: (1). These complexes are not readily accessible by the commonly used transmetallation reaction, rendering this methodology rather unique and facile in synthesizing silicon‐functionalized silyl‐metal complexes. The functional groups at the silicon atoms in compounds 2–5 enable the silyl groups to feature different nucleophilicity, which affords different activities toward CO2 reduction to CO. The silyl moieties of complexes 2 and 3, containing electron‐donating groups (i.e., OtBu and OH) at the silicon centers, are more nucleophilic than that of compound 4 and 5, bearing a hydride and the electron‐withdrawing group OC6F5 at the silicon centers, respectively. Consistent with this observation, compounds 2 and 3 show higher activity in CO2 reduction to CO compared to compounds 4 and 5, and the latter cases are zero‐order reactions with respect to 4 and 5 (4: k=7.8×10−6 mol L−1 s−1; 5: 2.7×10−8 mol L−1 s−1). This suggests that the more nucleophilic the silyl moiety in a silyl‐copper(I) complex is, the higher is the efficiency in CO2 reduction to CO. In addition, the siloxyl‐copper(I) complexes [LSi(X)OCu(IPr)] 6–9 [X=OtBu (6), OH (7), H (8), OC6F5 (9)] were isolated as the products from the corresponding reduction reactions. Complexes 2–4 and 6–8 were characterized by spectroscopic and structural means.
Oligosaccharide Shells as a Decisive Factor for Moderate and Strong Ionic Interactions of Dendritic Poly(ethylene imine) Scaffolds under Shear Forces
Authors: Tripp Sandra , Appelhans Dietmar , Striegler Christin , Voit Brigitte
Published: May 2014

For better understanding and improving the non‐covalent interactions of dendritic core–shell, we evaluated the interactions of hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) decorated with various oligosaccharide shells with water‐soluble B vitamins, an estradiol derivative and pantoprazole. Depending on the different properties of the analyte molecules, dendritic core–shell glyco architectures showed (very) weak, moderate and strong interactions with the analyte molecules. Thus, ionic interactions are the strongest driving force for the formation of host–guest complexes. The core–shell glyco architecture is a necessary prerequisite for stable analyte/PEI complexes; the pure hyperbranched PEI did not show any sufficiently strong interactions with neutral, cationic or anionic analytes under the shear forces applied during ultrafiltration of pure aqueous solution without an adjusted pH. Thus, only robust non‐covalent interactions between analytes and the dendritic polyamine scaffold of the glycopolymer structure survive this separation step and allow isolation of stable host–guest complexes in aqueous solution.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Properties of Pd@Pt Core‐Shell Nanocrystals with Tailored Morphologies
Authors: Kim Yena , Lee Young Wook , Kim Minjune , Han Sang Woo
Published: May 2014

Pd@Pt core‐shell nanocrystals consisting of well‐defined Pd nanocube cores and dendritic Pt shells were prepared by a new facile aqueous one‐pot synthetic method. The prepared Pd@Pt nanocrystals exhibited efficient catalytic activity and stability toward methanol electrooxidation, and their catalytic function was highly dependent on their Pt shell thickness due to the different synergism between Pt and Pd.
Covalent Embedding of Ni2+/Fe3+ Cyanometallate Structures in Silica by Sol–Gel Processing
Authors: Felbermair Elisabeth , Sidorenko Andrey , Paschen Silke , Akbarzadeh Johanna , Peterlik Herwig , Schubert Ulrich
Published: May 2014

Compound [Ni(AEAPTS)2]3[Fe(CN)6]2 (AEAPTS=N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), in which Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions are ferromagnetically coupled through cyano bridges, was prepared. Sol–gel processing of the AEAPTS derivative resulted in incorporation of the cyanometallate in silica. The obtained material is magnetically ordered below 22 K with an effective magnetic moment μeff of 4.46 μB at room temperature, a maximum of 8.60 μB at approximately 15 K and a narrow hysteresis at 2 K, with a saturation remanence of about 300 emu mol−1 and a coercitivity of 0.03 T.
Highly Selective Water Adsorption in a Lanthanum Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Plessius Raoul , Kromhout Rosa , Ramos André Luis Dantas , Ferbinteanu Marilena , Mittelmeijer‐Hazeleger Marjo C. , Krishna Rajamani , Rothenberg Gadi , Tanase Stefania
Published: May 2014

We present a new metal–organic framework (MOF) built from lanthanum and pyrazine‐2,5‐dicarboxylate (pyzdc) ions. This MOF, [La(pyzdc)1.5(H2O)2]⋅2 H2O, is microporous, with 1D channels that easily accommodate water molecules. Its framework is highly robust to dehydration/hydration cycles. Unusually for a MOF, it also features a high hydrothermal stability. This makes it an ideal candidate for air drying as well as for separating water/alcohol mixtures. The ability of the activated MOF to adsorb water selectively was evaluated by means of thermogravimetric analysis, powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and adsorption studies, indicating a maximum uptake of 1.2 mmol g−1 MOF. These results are in agreement with the microporous structure, which permits only water molecules to enter the channels (alcohols, including methanol, are simply too large). Transient breakthrough simulations using water/methanol mixtures confirm that such mixtures can be separated cleanly using this new MOF.
Multiple‐interval‐dependent robust stability analysis for uncertain stochastic neural networks with mixed‐delays
Authors: Xia Jianwei , Park Ju H. , Shen Hao
Published: May 2014

This article deals with the problem of robust stochastic asymptotic stability for a class of uncertain stochastic neural networks with distributed delay and multiple time‐varying delays. It is noted that the reciprocally convex approach has been intensively used in stability analysis for time‐delay systems in the past few years. We will extend the approach from deterministic time‐delay systems to stochastic time‐delay systems. And based on the new technique dealing with matrix cross‐product and multiple‐interval‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, some novel delay‐dependent stability criteria with less conservatism and less decision variables for the addressed system are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. At last, several numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 147–162, 2015
Hydrothermal synthesis of porous octahedral Cu microcrystals and their application as hydrogen peroxide sensors
Authors: Wang X. J. , Wan X. L. , Wang J. R.
Published: May 2014

The novel porous octahedral Cu microcrystals were synthesized successfully by a simple one‐step hydrothermal reduction method based on TEA technique. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that Cu microcrystals have octahedral crystalline phase and high purity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies represent that Cu microcrystals have a porous structure on their surface and polycrystalline structure. The asprepared porous Cu structures exhibited good ectrocatalytic activity in response to H2O2 reduction and can be used as H2O2 sensor. Furthermore, the possible formation mechanism of the POCu was proposed.