bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interlaboratory study comparing analyses of simulated angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data
Authors: Tasneem G. , Werner W. S. M. , Smekal W. , Powell C. J.
Published: March 2014

An interlaboratory study has been conducted to determine the following: (i) the similarities and differences of film thicknesses and composition profiles obtained from analyses of simulated angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) data by different analysts using different algorithms for data analysis, and (ii) the effects of two assumptions commonly made in data‐analysis algorithms for ARXPS on derived film thicknesses and composition profiles. The analyzed data were generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis, (SESSA) which provides a simple way to study the influence of the aforementioned effects on compositional depth profile reconstruction. Sets of simulated ARXPS data were produced for thin films of SiO2, SiON, HfO2, and HfON of varying thicknesses on a Si substrate. For some HfON films, the N concentration varied with depth. Eleven groups participated in the round robin study. The majority (eight) employed a commercial ARXPS instrument in which the angular distribution is measured for a fixed sample geometry, in contrast to conventional ARXPS in which the sample is tilted for angular variation. The average deviations between the reported average depth, film thickness, and amount of material typically varied between 20% and 30% but were considerably larger, between 30% and 80%, for some cases. The average errors were generally larger for simulations that included elastic scattering and the finite analyzer‐acceptance angle (realistic conditions) than those for simulations that neglected elastic scattering and the finite analyzer‐acceptance angle (simplified conditions). The retrieved N depth profiles were quantitatively different from the true depth profiles and showed substantial variability among the group of members who used the same instrument and analysis software. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized reverse marker strategy design for prospective biomarker validation
Authors: Eng Kevin H.
Published: March 2014

We describe a novel study design for validating marker‐based treatment strategies meant to select among possible therapeutic options using a biologic marker. Studying existing designs in realistic scenarios, we demonstrate that this design is more than four times more efficient for testing the interaction between a marker and its intended treatment. Our analysis employs a simple parametric framework that uncovers systematic biases in currently proposed designs and suggests how they may be accommodated or enumerated. In the context of markers for choosing a treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer, our proposal requires sample sizes on the order of recently completed phases II and III studies making validation studies for this clinical decision scenario viable. © 2014 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Coping with Workplace Interpersonal Stress among Japanese Employees
Authors: Kato Tsukasa
Published: March 2014

The current study examined the relationship between coping with workplace interpersonal stress (WIS) and psychological dysfunction (i.e. depressive symptoms, burnout, general distress and daytime sleepiness). Three hundred twenty‐four Japanese full‐time workers completed measures assessing coping strategies with WIS and psychological dysfunction. Three strategies of coping with WIS were measured: distancing coping, reassessing coping and constructive coping. Multiple regression analyses revealed that distancing coping, which reflects strategies to actively damage, disrupt and dissolve a stressful relationship, was related to high levels of depressive symptoms, burnout, general distress and daytime sleepiness. Reassessing coping, which incorporates efforts to patiently wait for an appropriate opportunity to act, such as a change or improvement in the situation, was related to low levels of depressive symptoms, burnout, general distress and daytime sleepiness. Constructive coping was not significantly associated with psychological dysfunction. Implications for workplace stress are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between Anisotropy and Lattice Distortions in Single Crystal Calcite Nanowires Grown in Confinement
Authors: Verch Andreas , Côté Alexander S. , Darkins Robert , Kim Yi‐Yeoun , van de Locht Renée , Meldrum Fiona C. , Duffy Dorothy M. , Kröger Roland
Published: March 2014

Growing nanostructures in confinement allows for the control of their shape, size and structure, as required in many technological applications. We investigated the crystal structure and morphology of calcite nanowires, precipitated in the pores of track‐etch membranes, by employing transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The data showed that the nanowires show no preferred growth orientation and that the crystallographic orientation rotated along the length of the nanowire, with lattice rotation angles of several degrees per micrometer. Finite element calculations indicated that the rotation is caused by the anisotropic crystallographic nature of the calcite mineral, the nanoscale diameter of the wires and the confined space provided by the membrane pore. This phenomenon should also be observed in other single crystal nanowires made from anisotropic materials, which could offer the potential of generating nanostructures with tailored optical, electronic and mechanical properties.
Experiences with Transdisciplinary Research
Authors: Zscheischler Jana , Rogga Sebastian , Weith Thomas
Published: March 2014

Research for Sustainable Land Management appears to be a designated field for a transdiciplinary approach. Because of the number of involved scientific disciplines, stakeholders and target groups, sustainable land management is characterized by a high level of complexity. An integrative understanding is required that goes beyond disciplinary knowledge and sectoral viewpoints, including diverse societal needs, values as well as local knowledge. From April 17th to April 19th 2013, the ‘Sustainable Land Management’ funding measure launched by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research sponsored a status conference in Berlin, Germany, to discuss findings from the first 3 years. This article reports on experiences with and discussion results about transdisciplinary research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, characterization, and properties of polyethylene composites highly filled with calcium carbonate through co‐rotating conical twin‐screw extrusion
Authors: Zhang Xinxing , Zhang Wei , Su Jinsheng , Wang Mengya , Lu Canhui
Published: March 2014

A series of highly filled polyethylene (PE) composites in which the calcium carbonate content was as high as 50–75 wt% was prepared by co‐rotating conical twin‐screw extrusion (Co‐RCE). The effects of Co‐RCE processing and CaCO3 content on the morphology, structure, and properties were investigated in detail. The results indicated that the Co‐RCE processing improved the filler dispersion and thereby enhanced the melt processability of the blends. Observation by polarized light microscopy and analysis by differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity of PE decreased with the increase of CaCO3 content. In comparison with neat PE, an increase of up to 20oC in onset weight loss temperature was observed in the CaCO3‐filled PE composites, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. Tensile tests indicated that the elongation at break of the highly CaCO3‐filled PE composites was much higher than that of the neat PE. Meanwhile, the highly filled composites still exhibited superior tensile strength. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:108–115, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Aquatic vascular plants in Japanese lakes
Authors: Nishihiro Jun , Akasaka Munemitsu , Ogawa Mifuyu , Takamura Noriko
Published: March 2014

This data paper describes the native vascular aquatic plant floras of 268 Japanese lakes recorded from 1899–2011. The data were compiled from 201 literature sources, most of which were written in Japanese and published in local journals or individual reports rather than in major scientific journals. The literature was searched using web‐based services (i.e., Google Scholar, http://scholar.google.com/; CiNii, http://ci.nii.ac.jp/en; JDreamII, http://pr.jst.go.jp/jdream2/; and ISI, http://apps.webofknowledge.com) and by private communication with experts or local governments. Scientific names were consolidated under currently‐accepted nomenclature. Four datasets, FloraDB, LakeDB, SpeciesDB, and LiteratureDB, were created to include records of the flora of each lake in each year, the names and locations of the lakes, the scientific names and synonyms of the aquatic vascular plants, and a literature list, respectively. These data can be used to study long‐term changes in the species composition and/or richness of aquatic plants in Japanese lakes.
Crossover between two- and three-dimensional turbulence in spatial mixing layers
Authors: Biancofiore Luca
Published: March 2014

We investigate how the domain depth affects the turbulent behaviour in spatially developing mixing layers by means of large-eddy simulations based on a spectral vanishing viscosity technique. Analyses of spectra of the vertical velocity, of Lumley’s diagrams, of the turbulent kinetic energy and of the vortex stretching show that a two-dimensional behaviour of the turbulence is promoted in spatial mixing layers by constricting the fluid motion in one direction. This finding is in agreement with previous works on turbulent systems constrained by a geometric anisotropy, pioneered by Smith, Chasnov & Waleffe (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 77, 1996, pp. 2467–2470). We observe that the growth of the momentum thickness along the streamwise direction is damped in a confined domain. An almost fully two-dimensional turbulent behaviour is observed when the momentum thickness is of the same order of magnitude as the confining scale.
Biological characteristics of Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the southern Black Sea (Turkey)
Authors: Aydin Mehmet , Karadurmuş Uğur , Tunca Evren
Published: March 2014

The present study was carried out to evaluate the biological characteristics of Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the southern Black Sea, Ordu, Turkey. A total of 1503 crabs, ranging from 0.9 to 4.3 cm in carapace length (CL), were collected monthly from November 2012 to October 2013. Female:male ratio was found to be 1:1. Measured male and female crabs were grouped in 0.49 cm CL class intervals. The mean CL, carapace width (CW) and weight (W) were determined as 2.55 ± 0.02 cm, 2.90 ± 0.02 cm and 14.21 ± 0.27 g, respectively, for all individuals. Correlation analysis was also conducted to reveal relationships between size parameters for males and females as well as between egg number and size. The b values of CW and W for male, female and ovigerous crabs were found to be 3.1, 3.06 and 2.95, respectively. Number of large-sized individuals and growth rate was higher in males compared to females.The highest correlation was found between CW and CL in both sexes. The mean condition index values were calculated as 49.03 for males and 45.79 for females. Ovigerous females were observed only from May to July 2013. The fecundity estimates ranged from 8989 to 151,578 eggs/crab, with an average value of 57,814.53 ± 3349 eggs/crab. The egg diameter ranged between 328.40 μm and 423.38 μm, with a mean size of 365.83 ± 1.97 μm. There was a positive relationship between egg number and female size.
The mangrove forests as nursery habitats for the ichthyofauna of Mida Creek (Kenya, East Africa)
Authors: Gajdzik Laura , Vanreusel Ann , Koedam Nico , Reubens Jan , Muthumbi Agnes Wangui N.
Published: March 2014

This study investigated the presumed nursery function of mangroves for the ichthyofauna in East African swamp forests, Mida Creek. The species and size composition of the fish fauna and their trophic interactions were studied for five stations. Samples were collected during 5–6 consecutive days close to spring tide in mid-July 2011. Fish were caught using different types of passive fishing gear, such as large and small fyke nets, gill nets and, additionally, beach seines. All individuals were identified to species level, measured and preserved for further analyses. Stomach content analysis was applied to provide information about their diet. Stable isotope analysis was used to detect whether the source of primary production for the higher trophic levels is mangrove-related or not. A total of 27 fish species was recorded in a catch of 938 teleost specimens. Our analyses showed that a majority of fish belonged to the zoobenthivorous/omnivorous trophic mode, since they were partially feeding on invertebrates and on various other food sources. Two species (Sphyraena barracuda and Synodus variegatus) exhibited a mixed diet, with a piscivorous preference. Results concerning the population structure suggested that the fish community of Mida mainly consists of transient species. Juveniles were numerically more abundant in the whole Creek than adults. These findings support the hypothesis of a nursery function of the mangrove forests, Mida Creek.
Wie biologisch sind Zwangsstörungen?
Authors: Walitza Susanne , Brem Silvia , Hauser Tobias U. , Grünblatt Edna
Published: March 2014

Zwangsstörungen sind im Kindes- und Jugendalter sowie im Erwachsenenalter häufige und sehr beeinträchtigende Erkrankungen. Es scheint eine hohe biologische Vulnerabilität und auch Erblichkeit vorzuliegen, wobei genetische und Umweltfaktoren gleichwertig zu sein scheinen und miteinander interagieren. In den meisten bisherigen molekulargenetischen Studien ist es noch nicht gelungen, Gene mit hohen Effektstärken zu detektieren. Die vielversprechendsten Befunde umfassen Gene in serotonergen und glutamatergen Systemen. Mittels EEG kann man zeitlich und mittels MRT kann man räumlich sehr gute Auflösungen erreichen. Auffälligkeiten finden sich vor allem in kortiko-striato-thalamischen Kreisläufen. Funktionelle Studien zeigen Auffälligkeiten z.b. bei Lern- und Konfliktverarbeitungsaufgaben. Die konsistentesten Befunde bezüglich Abweichungen in Hirnstruktur und Hirnfunktion sind im anterioren cingulum zu finden, einer Struktur die eine wichtige Rolle für die regulatorische Kontrolle und die Optimierung von zielgerichtetem Verhalten einnimmt.
Therapie der Zwangsstörung im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Wewetzer Christoph , Wewetzer Gunilla
Published: March 2014

Die Therapie der kindlichen Zwangsstörung orientiert sich am Schweregrad der Zwangsstörung und an dem Vorhandensein von komorbiden Störungen. Eine evidenzbasierte Therapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beinhaltet Elemente der Psychoedukation, der kognitiv-behavioralen Psychotherapie (KVT) und eine pharmakologische Behandlung. Die am besten evaluierte Methode der KVT ist die Exposition mit Reaktionsmanagement. Randomisierte und kontrollierte Meta-Analysen zeigen, dass diese Therapiemethode hoch effektiv ist. Die Kombination von KVT und einer Medikation ist hierbei besonders wirksam. Selektive-Serotonin-Wiederaufnahme-Hemmer und Clomipramin zeigten sich in verschiedenen Meta-Analysen, die randomisierte und Placebo kontrollierte Studien von Kindern und Jugendlichen beinhalteten als besonders effektiv. Neuere kognitive und metakognitive Techniken fokussieren auf die Modifikation von Erwartungen und haben vielleicht das Potential, die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung zu verbessern.
Vorläufige Schutzmaßnahmen für gefährdete Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Petermann Franz , Besier Tanja , Büttner Peter , Rücker Stefan , Schmid Marc , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: March 2014

Die Zahl der Inobhutnahmen ist in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland deutlich angestiegen. Es ist unklar, ob dieser Anstieg Ausdruck einer differenzierteren Wahrnehmung von Problemlagen oder eher Ausdruck einer Absicherungstendenz von Fachkräften darstellt. Es erfolgt einerseits ein Überblick über die internationale Faktenlage und andererseits werden öffentliche Datensätze zur Inobhutnahme in Bezug auf Altersverteilung, Geschlechtsverteilung, regionale Differenzen und Disparitäten anhand der Dortmunder Jugendhilfestatistik analysiert. Für die Zukunft wird eine differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen der Inobhutnahme gefordert. Wesentliche Fragestellungen, die einer gründlicheren Untersuchung harren, werden aufgezeigt.
Validation of the Measure of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs
Authors: Smederevac Snežana , Mitrović Dušanka , Čolović Petar , Nikolašević Željka
Published: March 2014

The paper presents validation of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ), measuring the constructs of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity theory (RST). The research was conducted on a sample of 565 participants, using three measures of the constructs of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory – the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) scale, Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ), and Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest good internal validity of the RSQ, while the results of principal components analysis show that the RSQ scales are significantly related to other RST measures.
Ability Versus Trait Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Davis Sarah K. , Humphrey Neil
Published: March 2014

Emotional intelligence (EI) is reliably associated with better mental health. A growing body of evidence suggests that EI acts as a protective buffer against some psychosocial stressors to promote adaptation. However, little is known about how the two principle forms of EI (trait and ability) work together to impact underlying stressor-health processes in adolescence. One thousand one hundred and seventy British adolescents (mean age = 13.03 years; SD = 1.26) completed a variety of standardized instruments assessing EI; coping styles; family dysfunction; negative life events; socioeconomic adversity; depression and disruptive behavior. Path analyses found that trait and ability EI work in tandem to modify the selection and efficacy of avoidant coping to influence the indirect effect of stressors on depression but not disruptive behavior. Nevertheless, actual emotional skill (ability EI) appears dependent on perceived competency (trait EI) to realize advantageous outcomes. Findings are evaluated and discussed with reference to theoretical and practical implications.
The Concept of eHealth Literacy and Its Measurement
Authors: Soellner Renate , Huber Stefan , Reder Maren
Published: March 2014

The objective of this study was to translate the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) into German, to evaluate this translation through psychometric testing in a German sample of adolescents, and to analyze whether the content-derived hypothesis of two eHEALS subscales was confirmed by the data. We hypothesized that the first subscale would cover self-perceived competence in seeking health information online, and the second subscale information appraisal of health information on the Internet. A cross-sectional survey among 18-year-old students (N = 327) using our translation of the eHEALS was conducted. A confirmatory factor analysis compared the 1-factor model based on Norman and Skinners’ analyses with the a priori specified 2-factor model. The results indicated a better fit for the 2-factor model (chi-square difference of 150.93, p < .0001), supporting the division into subscales.
Transcriptional switching in macrophages associated with the peritoneal foreign body response
Authors: Mooney Jane E , Summers Kim M , Gongora Milena , Grimmond Sean M , Campbell Julie H , Hume David A , Rolfe Barbara E
Published: March 2014

We previously demonstrated that myeloid cells are the source of fibrotic tissue induced by foreign material implanted in the peritoneal cavity. This study utilised the MacGreen mouse, in which the Csf1r promoter directs myeloid‐specific enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression, to determine the temporal gene expression profile of myeloid subpopulations recruited to the peritoneal cavity to encapsulate implanted foreign material (cubes of boiled egg white). Cells with high EGFP expression (EGFPhi) were purified from exudate and encapsulating tissue at different times during the foreign body response, gene expression profiles determined using cDNA microarrays, and data clustered using the network analysis tool, Biolayout Express3D. EGFPhi cells from all time points expressed high levels of Csf1r, Emr1 (encoding F4/80), Cd14 and Itgam (encoding Mac‐1) providing internal validation of their myeloid nature. Exudate macrophages (days 4–7) expressed a large cluster of cell cycle genes; these were switched off in capsule cells. Early in capsule formation, Csf1r‐EGFPhi cells expressed genes associated with tissue turnover, but later expressed both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory genes alongside a subset of mesenchyme‐associated genes, a pattern of gene expression that adds weight to the concept of a continuum of macrophage phenotypes rather than distinct M1/M2 subsets. Moreover, rather than transdifferentiating to myofibroblasts, macrophages contributing to later stages of the peritoneal foreign body response warrant their own classification as ‘fibroblastoid’ macrophages.
Comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbiome in HIV positive women using massive parallel semiconductor sequencing
Authors: Ameur Adam , Meiring Tracy L. , Bunikis Ignas , Häggqvist Susana , Lindau Cecilia , Lindberg Julia Hedlund , Gustavsson Inger , Mbulawa Zizipho Z. A. , Williamson Anna-Lise , Gyllensten Ulf
Published: March 2014

Infections by HIV increase the risk of acquiring secondary viral and bacterial infections and methods are needed to determine the spectrum of co-infections for proper treatment. We used rolling circle amplification (RCA) and Ion Proton sequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of 20 HIV positive women from South Africa. A total of 46 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types were found, many of which are not detected by existing genotyping assays. Moreover, the complete genomes of two novel HPV types were determined. Abundance of HPV infections was highly correlated with real-time PCR estimates, indicating that the RCA-Proton method can be used for quantification of individual pathogens. We also identified a large number of other viral, bacterial and parasitic co-infections and the spectrum of these co-infections varied widely between individuals. Our method provides rapid detection of a broad range of pathogens and the ability to reconstruct complete genomes of novel infectious agents.
The Instructive Role of Biomaterials in Cell-Based Therapy and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Jones Roanne R. , Hamley Ian W. , Connon Che J.
Published: March 2014

At the interface of synthetic and biomaterials chemistry is the development of materials comprising specific bioactive sequences with a range of physical and mechanical properties. The requirement of biomaterials demands many characteristics capable of regulating cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Not only are substrates required to be durable and biodegradable, but they are required to maintain a defined population of cells with specific functionality. Cells obtain a vast amount of information from their microenvironment and surrounding tissue which in order to regulate and maintain their function in vivo. Therefore cell–substrate interaction is important for the exchange of molecular information to maintain growth, viability, and intracellular structural reorganization in the development of artificial tissues in vitro. In addition, the interplay between force-transduced mechanical stimulation and intracellular biochemical processes is important for the regulation of signalling pathways and subsequent cell function. This chapter therefore explores the use of both biological and synthetic-based biomaterials in tissue engineering and also provides an overview of the mechanotransductive processes that occur as a result of substrate mechanical stimulation.
Selective determination of dopamine and uric acid using electrochemical sensor based on poly(alizarin yellow R) film-modified electrode
Authors: Zhou Yuanzhen , Tang Weimin , Wang Jing , Zhang Guo , Chai Shouning , Zhang Liang , Liu Ting
Published: March 2014

A sensitive and selective method based on a poly(alizarin yellow R)-modified carbon paste electrode (PAYR/CPE) to detect dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) was successfully established.
A dynamic study of the structural change in the binary network in response to guest inclusion
Authors: Li Min , Xie Peng , Deng Ke , Yang Yan-Lian , Lei Sheng-Bin , Wei Zhong-Qing , Zeng Qing-Dao , Wang Chen
Published: March 2014

A schematic diagram of the competitive adsorption process for the COR/TMA–Bpy system.
Surface tension effects on the phase transition of a DPPC bilayer with and without protein: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kong Xian , Qin Shanshan , Lu Diannan , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2014

A coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation was applied to illustrate the phase transition behavior of the pure DPPC bilayer and aquaporin-embedded DPPC bilayer under different surface tensions.
Structured nanoporous-gold/Al-fiber: galvanic deposition preparation and reactivity for the oxidative coupling of methanol to methyl formate
Authors: Zhang Qiaofei , Li Yakun , Zhang Li , Chen Li , Liu Ye , Lu Yong
Published: March 2014

Microfibrous-structured nanoporous gold (NPG) on Al-fiber catalysts, obtained by galvanic deposition onto a 3D network using 50 μm Al-fiber, is cost-effective, highly active/selective and stable for the oxidative coupling of methanol to methyl formate.
Scaffold hopping of potential anti-tumor agents by WEGA: a shape-based approach
Authors: Ge Hu , Wang Yu , Zhao Wenxia , Lin Wei , Yan Xin , Xu Jun
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we describe the first prospective application of the shape-comparison program, WEGA (weighted Gaussian algorithm), to find new scaffolds for anti-tumor agents.
Depolymerizable, adaptive supramolecular polymer nanoparticles and networks
Authors: Kaitz Joshua A. , Possanza Catherine M. , Song Yang , Diesendruck Charles E. , Spiering A. Jolanda H. , Meijer E. W. , Moore Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2014

Depolymerizable polymers are appended with supramolecular cross-linking motifs to enable preparation of tunable single-chain polymeric nanoparticles and degradable polymer networks.
Synthesis, crystal structure and luminescence properties of a Y4Si2O7N2:Ce3+ phosphor for near-UV white LEDs
Authors: Wu Quansheng , Yang Zhigang , Zhao Zhengyan , Que Meidan , Wang Xicheng , Wang Yuhua
Published: March 2014

We studied the crystal structure of Y4Si2O7N2 and the relationship between the crystal structure and the luminescence properties.
Measurement of DCF fluorescence as a measure of reactive oxygen species in murine islets of Langerhans
Authors: Wang Xue , Roper Michael G.
Published: March 2014

In islets of Langerhans, oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be critically involved in β-cell dysfunction during the development of diabetes.
Cu(ii)4L4coordination-driven molecular container: a reusable visual colorimetric sensor for Ag(i) ions
Authors: Ma Jian-Ping , Wang Shen-Qing , Zhao Chao-Wei , Wang Hai-Ying , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: March 2014

A Cu4L4square-like molecular container which can be a reusable visual sensor for Ag+is reported. The present results can be a useful stepwise approach for the construction of heterometallic supramolecular complexes with potential applications.
Intermolecular proton shuttling in excited state proton transfer reactions: insights from theory
Authors: Savarese Marika , Netti Paolo A. , Rega Nadia , Adamo Carlo , Ciofini Ilaria
Published: March 2014

The mechanism of intermolecular proton shuttling involved in a prototypical excited state proton transfer reaction is disclosed using DFT and TD-DFT.
The replacement for petrolatum: thixotropic ethylcellulose oleogels in triglyceride oils
Authors: Stortz Terri A. , Marangoni Alejandro G.
Published: March 2014

Ethylcellulose oleogels were engineered to be thixotropic such that they recover their viscosity after shearing which allows them to be more easily manufactured into food and cosmetic products.
Microfluidic source-sink model reveals effects of biophysically distinct CXCL12 isoforms in breast cancer chemotaxis
Authors: Cavnar S. P. , Ray P. , Moudgil P. , Chang S. L. , Luker K. E. , Linderman J. J. , Takayama S. , Luker G. D.
Published: March 2014

Chemokines critically regulate chemotaxis in normal and pathologic states, but there is limited understanding of how multicellular interactions generate gradients needed for cell migration.
Perfluorinated 1H-indazoles and hydrotris(indazol-1-yl)borates. Supramolecular organization and a new synthetic procedure to form scorpionate ligands
Authors: Muñoz Bianca K. , Ojo Wilfried-Solo , Jacob Kane , Romero Nuria , Vendier Laure , Despagnet-Ayoub Emmanuelle , Etienne Michel
Published: March 2014

The molecular and supramolecular structures of new perfluorinated indazoles and hydrotris(indazolyl)borates reveal various types of intra- and intermolecular interactions and organizations.
One-pot synthesis of superabsorbent hybrid hydrogels based on methacrylamide gelatin and polyacrylamide. Effortless control of hydrogel properties through composition design
Authors: Serafim Andrada , Tucureanu Catalin , Petre Daniela-Geta , Dragusin Diana-Maria , Salageanu Aurora , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter , Stancu Izabela-Cristina
Published: March 2014

Network-forming polymerization of methacrylamide gelatin and acrylamide generates scaffolds with controlled biocompatibility and water affinity.
A single chemosensor for multiple analytes: fluorogenic detection of Zn2+and OAc−ions in aqueous solution, and an application to bioimaging
Authors: Park Gyeong Jin , Na Yu Jeong , Jo Hyun Yong , Lee Seul Ah , Kim Ah Ram , Noh Insup , Kim Cheal
Published: March 2014

A single fluorescent chemosensor1for multiple analytes (Zn2+and OAc−) has been developed and it can monitor Zn2+ions in living cells.
Electrode-embedded nanopores for label-free single-molecule sequencing by electric currents
Authors: Yokota Kazumichi , Tsutsui Makusu , Taniguchi Masateru
Published: March 2014

Electrode-embedded nanopores have been developed to realize label-free, low-cost, and high-throughput DNA sequencers.
Legislation Impacting Audiology and the Provision of Audiological Services: A Review of Legislation Across the United States
Authors: Messersmith Jessica J. , Lockie Jill , Jorgensen Lindsey , Vaith Shana Bauer , Falk Elizabeth
Published: March 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this review was to investigate the legislation about the provision of audiology services. Specifically, the goal of the review was to investigate the similarities and differences in legislation regarding the identification of, and audiology services provided to, children with hearing loss.

Method

A systematic review was conducted to collect state-specific legislation regarding the audiology licensure requirements, requirements about the identification and management of children with hearing loss, and insurance coverage regulations. Compiled data were analyzed for similarities and differences between state regulations and legislature.

Results

All states require audiologists to hold licensure; however, many differences exist between the requirements of acquiring and maintaining the license. Some states regulate the identification and management of children with hearing loss, whereas others do not. Additionally, states differ in their regulation of services provided to children with hearing loss, who can provide these services, and what is covered by insurance.

Conclusion

It is critical for audiologists to understand the requirements of their state in the provision of audiology services. Specifically, it is important for audiologists to understand how the laws may impact the services they provide to children with hearing loss.
Cohesion energetics of carbon allotropes: Quantum Monte Carlo study
Authors: Shin Hyeondeok , Kang Sinabro , Koo Jahyun , Lee Hoonkyung , Kim Jeongnim , Kwon Yongkyung
Published: March 2014

We have performed quantum Monte Carlo calculations to study the cohesion energetics of carbon allotropes, including sp3-bonded diamond, sp2-bonded graphene, sp–sp2 hybridized graphynes, and sp-bonded carbyne. The computed cohesive energies of diamond and graphene are found to be in excellent agreement with the corresponding values determined experimentally for diamond and graphite, respectively, when the zero-point energies, along with the interlayer binding in the case of graphite, are included. We have also found that the cohesive energy of graphyne decreases systematically as the ratio of sp-bonded carbon atoms increases. The cohesive energy of γ-graphyne, the most energetically stable graphyne, turns out to be 6.766(6) eV/atom, which is smaller than that of graphene by 0.698(12) eV/atom. Experimental difficulty in synthesizing graphynes could be explained by their significantly smaller cohesive energies. Finally, we conclude that the cohesive energy of a newly proposed graphyne can be accurately estimated with the carbon–carbon bond energies determined from the cohesive energies of graphene and three different graphynes considered here.
Ge interface engineering using ultra-thin La2O3 and Y2O3 films: A study into the effect of deposition temperature
Authors: Mitrovic I. Z. , Althobaiti M. , Weerakkody A. D. , Dhanak V. R. , Linhart W. M. , Veal T. D. , Sedghi N. , Hall S. , Chalker P. R. , Tsoutsou D. , Dimoulas A.
Published: March 2014

A study into the optimal deposition temperature for ultra-thin La2O3/Ge and Y2O3/Ge gate stacks has been conducted in this paper with the aim to tailor the interfacial layer for effective passivation of the Ge interface. A detailed comparison between the two lanthanide oxides (La2O3 and Y2O3) in terms of band line-up, interfacial features, and reactivity to Ge using medium energy ion scattering, vacuum ultra-violet variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VUV-VASE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction is shown. La2O3 has been found to be more reactive to Ge than Y2O3, forming LaGeOx and a Ge sub-oxide at the interface for all deposition temperature studied, in the range from 44 °C to 400 °C. In contrast, Y2O3/Ge deposited at 400 °C allows for an ultra-thin GeO2 layer at the interface, which can be eliminated during annealing at temperatures higher than 525 °C leaving a pristine YGeOx/Ge interface. The Y2O3/Ge gate stack deposited at lower temperature shows a sub-band gap absorption feature fitted to an Urbach tail of energy 1.1 eV. The latter correlates to a sub-stoichiometric germanium oxide layer at the interface. The optical band gap for the Y2O3/Ge stacks has been estimated to be 5.7 ± 0.1 eV from Tauc-Lorentz modelling of VUV-VASE experimental data. For the optimal deposition temperature (400 °C), the Y2O3/Ge stack exhibits a higher conduction band offset (>2.3 eV) than the La2O3/Ge (∼2 eV), has a larger band gap (by about 0.3 eV), a germanium sub-oxide free interface, and leakage current (∼10−7 A/cm2 at 1 V) five orders of magnitude lower than the respective La2O3/Ge stack. Our study strongly points to the superiority of the Y2O3/Ge system for germanium interface engineering to achieve high performance Ge Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology.
On relations among the entropic chaos degree, the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and the Lyapunov exponent
Authors: Kamizawa T. , Hara T. , Ohya M.
Published: March 2014

There exist several criteria to describe the chaotic behaviour of a dynamical system. In this paper, we discuss the relations among three criteria: Entropic Chaos Degree, Kolmogorov-Shinai entropy, and Lyapunov exponent. Moreover, the problems of their computation are discussed.
Numerical prediction of an anomalous biased oscillation regime in vortex-induced vibrations of two tandem cylinders
Authors: Lin Jian-Zhong , Jiang Ren-Jie , Ku Xiao-Ke
Published: March 2014

Dynamics of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of one and two elastically mounted circular cylinders in tandem is numerically studied via a lattice Boltzmann method. The structural damping is set to zero and the cylinders are of one degree of freedom. The Reynolds number is in the range of Re = [5, 100], covering the sub- and super-critical regions. The effects of reduced velocity UR = [4, 10], center-to-center spacing between the two cylinders S/D = [1.1, 4] and mass ratio M = [0.5, 4] on the cylinder motion and flow structures are investigated. The VIV at subcritical Reynolds number exists extensively for both one- and two-cylinder systems. Besides the traditional symmetrical vibration regime, an anomalous biased vibration regime is observed for the case of two tandem cylinders. It is the first time that the existence of such an asymmetric vibration regime has been confirmed. The biased oscillation regime mainly exists in the region of subcritical Reynolds number, large reduced velocity, small spacing, and low mass ratio. As the reduced velocity is more than 7, such an asymmetric periodic vibration regime even occurs for Reynolds number as low as 10. Based on the positions of the oscillation axes and the flow structures, the biased vibration regime is classified into two subregimes and the mechanisms of the biased vibration subregimes are analysed separately.
Alloying effect of Cr-based seed layer on control of sheet texture of MgO and thermal conductivity
Authors: Yakabe Hidetaka , Hinata Shintaro , Saito Shin , Takahashi Migaku
Published: March 2014

Orientation of MgO underlayer deposited on various Cr80M20 (M: Cr, Ti, Mn, Mo, W) seed layers and grain diameter (GD) and thermal conductivity K of the Cr80M20 seed layer were investigated for the thermally assisted magnetic recording. Moreover, stacking structure for reducing the orientation of the MgO underlayer and controlling the K of the seed layer was discussed through the results. GD of the Cr80M20 film was varied from 8.7 (M: Ti) to 10.7 nm (M: Mn) and distribution of the MgO (002) orientation deposited on the Cr80M20 seed layer was varied from 10 (M: Ti) to 4.8° (M: Mn) by changing additional material. And the thermal conductivity of the Cr80M20 film was varied from 10.5 (M: Mn) to 29.1 (Mo) W/mK. These results indicate that K of the Cr80M20 seed layer can be varied throughout a range of approximately 10 to 29 W/mK while suppressing full width half maximum for MgO (002) orientations, by using a laminar structure of seed layer consists of K-controlled CrM layer/large-GD CrMn layer.
Constraint on the potassium content for the superconductivity of potassium-intercalated phenanthrene
Authors: Huang Qiao-Wei , Zhong Guo-Hua , Zhang Jiang , Zhao Xiao-Miao , Zhang Chao , Lin Hai-Qing , Chen Xiao-Jia
Published: March 2014

Raman-scattering measurements were performed on Kxphenanthrene (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 6.0) at room temperature. Three phases (x = 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0) are identified based on the obtained Raman spectra. Only the K3phenanthrene phase is found to exhibit the superconducting transition at 5 K. The C–C stretching modes are observed to broaden and become disordered in Kxphenanthrene with x = 2.0, 2.5, 6.0, indicating some molecular disorder in the metal intercalation process. This disorder is expected to influence the nonmetallic nature of these materials. The absence of metallic character in these nonsuperconducting phases is found from the calculated electronic structures based on the local density approximation.
Fixed interface charges between AlGaN barrier and gate stack composed of in situ grown SiN and Al2O3 in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with normally off capability
Authors: Capriotti M. , Alexewicz A. , Fleury C. , Gavagnin M. , Bethge O. , Visalli D. , Derluyn J. , Wanzenböck H. D. , Bertagnolli E. , Pogany D. , Strasser G.
Published: March 2014

Using a generalized extraction method, the fixed charge density Nint at the interface between in situ deposited SiN and 5 nm thick AlGaN barrier is evaluated by measurements of threshold voltage Vth of an AlGaN/GaN metal insulator semiconductor high electron mobility transistor as a function of SiN thickness. The thickness of the originally deposited 50 nm thick SiN layer is reduced by dry etching. The extracted Nint is in the order of the AlGaN polarization charge density. The total removal of the in situ SiN cap leads to a complete depletion of the channel region resulting in Vth = +1 V. Fabrication of a gate stack with Al2O3 as a second cap layer, deposited on top of the in situ SiN, is not introducing additional fixed charges at the SiN/Al2O3 interface.
Investigation of abnormal negative threshold voltage shift under positive bias stress in input/output n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with TiN/HfO2 structure using fast I-V measurement
Authors: Ho Szu-Han , Chang Ting-Chang , Lu Ying-Hsin , Chen Ching-En , Tsai Jyun-Yu , Liu Kuan-Ju , Tseng Tseung-Yuen , Cheng Osbert , Huang Cheng-Tung , Lu Ching-Sen
Published: March 2014

This letter investigates abnormal negative threshold voltage shifts under positive bias stress in input/output (I/O) TiN/HfO2 n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors using fast I-V measurement. This phenomenon is attributed to a reversible charge/discharge effect in pre-existing bulk traps. Moreover, in standard performance devices, threshold-voltage (Vt) shifts positively during fast I-V double sweep measurement. However, in I/O devices, Vt shifts negatively since electrons escape from bulk traps to metal gate rather than channel electrons injecting to bulk traps. Consequently, decreasing pre-existing bulk traps in I/O devices, which can be achieved by adopting HfxZr1−xO2 as gate oxide, can reduce the charge/discharge effect.
Numerical study of ion acoustic shock waves in dense quantum plasma
Authors: Hanif M. , Ali S. , Mukhtar Q. , Mirza Arshad M.
Published: March 2014

Two fluid quantum hydrodynamic equations are solved numerically to investigate the propagation characteristics of ion acoustic shock waves in an unmagnetized dense quantum plasma, whose constituents are the electrons and ions. For this purpose, we employ the standard finite difference Lax Wendroff and relaxation methods, to examine the quantum effects on the profiles of shock potential, the electron/ion number densities, and velocity even for quantum parameter at H = 2. The effects of the latter vanish in a weakly non-linear limit while obeying the KdV theory. It is shown that the evolution of the wave depends sensitively on the plasma density and the quantum parameter. Numerical results reveal that the kinks or oscillations are pronounced for large values of quantum parameter, especially at H = 2. Our results should be important to understand the shock wave excitations in dense quantum plasmas, white dwarfs, neutron stars, etc.
Grazing incidence X-ray scattering showing self-organized regular three-dimensional nanopillar-like structures
Authors: Paul Amitesh , Paul Neelima
Published: March 2014

Self-organized Co nanoclusters are grown by sequential sputtering in the form of nanopillars separated by Au. Using grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering from these nanopillar-like structures, we could observe a distinct signature of regular near-neighbor ordering of the first order, commonly observed only in patterned nanostructures. The magnetic response of these nanopillars-like structures with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy indicates variation of cluster sizes along the stack and thereby shows a non-superparamagnetic clustering effect.
Novel magnets configuration toward a high performance electrodynamic micro-electro-mechanical-systems microspeaker
Authors: Sassine G. , Shahosseini I. , Woytasik M. , Martincic E. , Moulin J. , Lefeuvre E.
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a study of different configurations of permanent magnets' to maximize microspeakers' electroacoustic performances. The proposed theoretical approach is based on an analytical model allowing the calculation of the magnetic field created by cylindrical and ring-shaped permanent magnet, making thus possible to analyze different magnetic structures. Several combinations of cylindrical and rings were analyzed in view of maximizing the magnetic field in the vicinity of the voice coil. Taking into account the whole electro-mechano-acoustic behavior of the microspeaker, we present two optimized magnets configurations which increase the efficiency by factors between 2.7 and 5 comparing to previously optimized microspeakers. Moreover, we show that it is possible to get devices twice smaller with efficiencies increased by factors between 1.2 and 3.4.
Influence of silicon dangling bonds on germanium thermal diffusion within SiO2 glass
Authors: Barba D. , Cai R. S. , Demarche J. , Wang Y. Q. , Terwagne G. , Rosei F. , Martin F. , Ross G. G.
Published: March 2014

We study the influence of silicon dangling bonds on germanium thermal diffusion within silicon oxide and fused silica substrates heated to high temperatures. By using scanning electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, we determine that the lower mobility of Ge found within SiO2/Si films can be associated with the presence of unsaturated SiOx chemical bonds. Comparative measurements obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that 10% of silicon dangling bonds can reduce Ge desorption by 80%. Thus, the decrease of the silicon oxidation state yields a greater thermal stability of Ge inside SiO2 glass, which could enable to considerably extend the performance of Ge-based devices above 1300 K.
Highly reproducible and reliable metal/graphene contact by ultraviolet-ozone treatment
Authors: Li Wei , Hacker Christina A. , Cheng Guangjun , Liang Yiran , Tian Boyuan , Hight Walker A. R. , Richter Curt A. , Gundlach David J. , Liang Xuelei , Peng Lianmao
Published: March 2014

Resist residue from the device fabrication process is a significant source of contamination at the metal/graphene contact interface. Ultraviolet Ozone (UVO) treatment is proven here, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman measurement, to be an effective way of cleaning the metal/graphene interface. Electrical measurements of devices that were fabricated by using UVO treatment of the metal/graphene contact region show that stable and reproducible low resistance metal/graphene contacts are obtained and the electrical properties of the graphene channel remain unaffected.
Uniform bipolar resistive switching properties with self-compliance effect of Pt/TiO2/p-Si devices
Authors: Zou Lilan , Hu Wei , Fu Jianhui , Qin Ni , Li Shuwei , Bao Dinghua
Published: March 2014

We report uniform bipolar resistive switching characteristic with self-compliance effect of Pt/TiO2/p-Si devices in which TiO2 thin films were prepared directly on p-Si substrates by chemical solution deposition method. The resistive switching parameters of the Pt/TiO2/p-Si cell obtained, such as distribution of threshold voltages, retention time, as well as resistance variation of high resistance state (HRS) and low resistance state (LRS), were investigated, and the conduction mechanisms of HRS and LRS were analyzed. The conductive mechanism at LRS and low voltage region of HRS was dominated by Ohmic law. At the high voltage region of HRS, the conductive mechanism followed the space charge limited current theory. The resistive switching phenomenon can be explained by electron trapping and de-trapping process, in which the defects (most probably oxygen vacancies) act as electron traps. Our study suggests that using p-type silicon as bottom electrode can provide a simple method for fabricating a resistive random access memory with self-compliance function. In addition, the Pt/TiO2/p-Si configuration is compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor process.