bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Risk Factors of Moderate/Severe Hepatotoxicity After Suicide Attempts With Acetaminophen in 11- to 15-Year-Old Children
Authors: Hedeland Rikke Lindgaard , Christensen Vibeke Brix , Jørgensen Marianne Hørby , Teilmann Grete , Iskandar Amne , Andersen Jesper
Published: October 2014

Objective. To characterize early risk factors of moderate/severe hepatotoxicity in a pediatric population with acetaminophen overdose, due to suicide attempt, admitted to a general secondary-level pediatric department. Methods. A retrospective case study of 107 patients, 11 to 15 years old. Results. There was a highly significant relationship between the number of episodes of prehospital vomiting and several elevated hepatologically relevant biochemical parameters, for example, maximum aspartate aminotransferase ( P = .0001). The duration of the latency time before initiation of N-acetylcysteine treatment was significantly related to the elevation of several hepatologically relevant biochemical parameters (eg, maximum γ-glutamyl transferase; P = .0001). Patients suffering from illness prior to their suicide attempt had significantly greater elevations of their hepatologically relevant biochemical parameters, for example, maximum alanine aminotransferase ( P = .01) levels than healthy patients. Conclusion. By use of risk factors, it is possible to identify pediatric patients at increased risk of moderate/severe hepatotoxicity at an early stage of admission.
Protein Intake and Growth in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tonkin Emma L. , Collins Carmel T. , Miller Jacqueline
Published: October 2014

Objective. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between varying levels of enteral protein intake and growth in preterm infants, regardless of feeding method. Data Sources. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, as were review articles, reference lists, and text books. Study Selection. Trials were included if they were randomized or quasirandomized, participants were <37 weeks gestation at birth, and protein intakes were intentionally or statistically different between study groups. Trials reporting weight, length, and head circumference gains in infants fed formula, human milk, or fortified human milk were included. Data Extraction. Studies were categorized by feeding-type and relevant data were extracted into summary tables by one reviewer and cross-checked by a second. Data Synthesis. A meta-analysis could not be conducted due to extensive variability among studies; thus, results were synthesized graphically and narratively. Twenty-four trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis and 19 in a graphical synthesis of study results. Conclusions. There was extensive variability in study design, participant characteristics, and study quality. Nonetheless, results are fairly consistent that higher protein intake results in increased growth with graphical representation indicating a potentially linear relationship. Additionally, intakes as high as 4.5 g/kg/day were shown to be safe in infants weighing >1000 g.
Nano-AlN particle reinforced Mg composites: Microstructural and mechanical properties
Authors: Sankaranarayanan S. , Habibi M. K. , Jayalakshmi S. , Jia Ai K. , Almajid A. , Gupta M.
Published: October 2014

In this study, nano-AlN particles were introduced into pure Mg matrix through the powder metallurgy technique incorporating microwave assisted two-directional sintering followed by hot extrusion. The effect of varying volume fraction of nano-AlN addition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of pure Mg was investigated. Microstructural characterisation revealed marginal grain refinement due to the fairly uniform distribution of AlN nano-particulates. X-ray diffraction results indicated basal texture weakening in Mg/0·2AlN composite. Tensile property measurements revealed an overall increase in strength properties and ductility. Among the developed composites, Mg/0·8AlN displayed superior strength (∼30 improvement) and Mg/0·2AlN showed enhanced ductility (∼80 enhancement). Under compressive loading, the developed Mg/AlN nanocomposite formulations exhibited improved strength properties without significant effect on compressibility.
The H3K27me3 demethylase UTX is a gender-specific tumor suppressor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Van der Meulen Joni , Sanghvi Viraj , Mavrakis Konstantinos , Durinck Kaat , Fang Fang , Matthijssens Filip , Rondou Pieter , Rosen Monica , Pieters Tim , Vandenberghe Peter , Delabesse Eric , Lammens Tim , De Moerloose Barbara , Menten Björn , Van Roy Nadine , Verhasselt Bruno , Poppe Bruce , Benoit Yves , Taghon Tom , Melnick Ari M. , Speleman Frank , Wendel Hans-Guido , Van Vlierberghe Pieter
Published: October 2014

Key Points

The H3K27me3 demethylase UTX is recurrently mutated in male T-ALL and escapes X-inactivation in female T-ALL blasts and normal T cells. The loss of Utx contributes to T-ALL formation in vivo and UTX inactivation confers sensitivity to H3K27me3 inhibition.
IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiencies impair IgM responses against T-independent bacterial antigens
Authors: Maglione Paul J. , Simchoni Noa , Black Samuel , Radigan Lin , Overbey Jessica R. , Bagiella Emilia , Bussel James B. , Bossuyt Xavier , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Meyts Isabelle , Cerutti Andrea , Picard Capucine , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Human IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiencies impair T-independent IgM production, including IgM recognizing bacterial antigens. T-independent IgM impairment by IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiencies is linked to inadequacy of the IgM+IgD+CD27+ B-cell subset.
Integral inequalities with ‘maxima’ and their applications to Hadamard type fractional differential equations
Authors: Thiramanus Phollakrit , Tariboon Jessada , Ntouyas Sotiris K
Published: October 2014

In this paper, some new integral inequalities with ‘maxima’ are established involving Hadamard integral. Applications to Hadamard fractional differential equations with ‘maxima’ are also presented.

MSC:26A33, 26D10, 26D15.
Mean ergodic theorem for semigroups of linear operators in multi-Banach spaces
Authors: Kenari Hassan Morghi , Saadati Reza , Azhini Mahdi , Cho Yeol Je
Published: October 2014

In this paper, by using Rodé’s method, we extend Yosida’s theorem to semigroups of linear operators in multi-Banach spaces.

MSC:39A10, 39B72, 47H10, 46B03.
A rare case of mixed mucinous cystadenoma with serous cystadenoma of the pancreas treated by laparoscopic central pancreatectomy
Authors: Zhang Ren-Chao , Xu Xiao-Wu , Zhou Yu-Cheng , Wu Di , Ajoodhea Harsha , Chen Ke , Mou Yi-Ping
Published: October 2014

Mixed mucinous cystadenoma with serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is rare. There have been only two previous case reports in the English-language literature. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman who was diagnosed with mixed mucinous cystadenoma with serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic neoplasm in the dorsal/proximal body of the pancreas with a clear-margin multilocular cavity and enhanced internal septum. The patient underwent laparoscopic central pancreatectomy. The diagnosis of mixed mucinous cystadenoma with serous cystadenoma of the pancreas was confirmed by pathological examination. The patient was followed up for 3 months and there were no signs of recurrence, or pancreatic exocrine or endocrine insufficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case treated by laparoscopic central pancreatectomy.
A comparative study of improvements Pre-filter methods bring on feature selection using microarray data
Authors: Wang Yingying , Fan Xiaomao , Cai Yunpeng
Published: October 2014

Background

Feature selection techniques have become an apparent need in biomarker discoveries with the development of microarray. However, the high dimensional nature of microarray made feature selection become time-consuming. To overcome such difficulties, filter data according to the background knowledge before applying feature selection techniques has become a hot topic in microarray analysis. Different methods may affect final results greatly, thus it is important to evaluate these pre-filter methods in a system way.

Methods

In this paper, we compared the performance of statistical-based, biological-based pre-filter methods and the combination of them on microRNA-mRNA parallel expression profiles using L1 logistic regression as feature selection techniques. Four types of data were built for both microRNA and mRNA expression profiles.

Results

Results showed that pre-filter methods could reduce the number of features greatly for both mRNA and microRNA expression datasets. The features selected after pre-filter procedures were shown to be significant in biological levels such as biology process and microRNA functions. Analyses of classification performance based on precision showed the pre-filter methods were necessary when the number of raw features was much bigger than that of samples. All the computing time was greatly shortened after pre-filter procedures.

Conclusions

With similar or better classification improvements, less but biological significant features, pre-filter-based feature selection should be taken into consideration if researchers need fast results when facing complex computing problems in bioinformatics.
The ProVent model learns to speak French
Authors: Cox Christopher E
Published: October 2014

Leroy and colleagues report on the accuracy of the Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Prognostic Model (`ProVent’) in a cohort study of patients ventilated for at least 21 days in one of three hospitals in the north of France. This study is noteworthy because it is the first to describe the performance of the ProVent model both outside the US and in a community hospital-based setting.
Isotretinoin-associated Sweet’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: Moghimi Jamileh , Pahlevan Daryiush , Azizzadeh Maryam , Hamidi Hamid , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: October 2014

Objective

Sweet’s syndrome (SS) is characterized by various clinical symptoms, physical features, and pathological findings. Although cases of SS are very rare, there has been an increase in the incidence of drug-induced SS. Till date, there have been only few reported cases of isotretinoin-induced SS.

Case summary

In this report, we describe the case of a 19-year-old girl who developed SS after systemic treatment with oral isotretinoin for nodulocystic acne.

Conclusions

The findings of this report emphasize the importance of evaluating isotretinoin as a possible, though uncommon, cause of SS and replacing it with another treatment if its involvement is suspected.
Analysis of petrophysical properties of rocks from the Bathurst Mining Camp: Constraints on gravity and magnetic modeling
Authors: Tschirhart Peter , Morris Bill
Published: October 2014

Understanding the physical rock properties of different lithologies within a mining district allows one to link geologic observations with geophysical interpretations. This paper presents a physical rock property database for the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC). Density–magnetic susceptibility bivariate plots are used to illustrate patterns indicative of changes in the concentration of paramagnetic versus ferrimagnetic mineral phases. Q-Q plots and histograms are used to determine if a lithology is characterized by a unimodal or multimodal physical property population. To use the physical property data in geophysical models, the rock classification was reduced to five lithological groups and three subgroups. The results of two geophysical modeling exercises, using lithological and petrophysical data as input constraints, are presented. Late-stage deformation of the BMC resulted in two large-scale plunging folds: the Nine Mile Synform (NMS) and the Tetagouche Antiform. The subsurface geometry of the NMS along the model profile was initially estimated from surficial geology maps projected down the plunge of the fold axis. Geophysical data requires dense and magnetic volcanics on the east limb of the Nine Mile Syncline to be nearer to the surface than previously expected. The magnetic anomaly associated with the Armstrong B mineral deposit was modeled using constrained discrete object source geometry. To achieve a satisfactory match between the observed and calculated data requires a significant component of magnetic remanence. The orientation of the calculated remanence vector is similar to a paleomagnetically determined in situ direction and to the direction estimated for Laurentia during the Paleozoic. The source body estimated by the inversion is significantly larger than the known thickness of the ore zone. This is a consequence of computing the inversion on a gridded aeromagnetic data set, which has a cell size that is larger than the known thickness of the ore body.
Research Resource: STR DNA Profile and Gene Expression Comparisons of Human BG-1 Cells and a BG-1/MCF-7 Clonal Variant
Authors: Li Yin , Arao Yukitomo , Hall Julie M. , Burkett Sandra , Liu Liwen , Gerrish Kevin , Cavailles Vincent , Korach Kenneth S.
Published: October 2014

Human ovarian cancer BG-1 cells are a valuable in vitro model that has enabled several laboratories to study the estrogenic responses of ovarian cancers. We recently discovered that there are two different BG-1 cell lines being used for experiments, denoted here as BG-1 FR and BG-1 NIEHS, which exhibit striking morphological differences. The objective of this study was to methodically analyze these two BG-1 variants and compare their characteristics. Short tandem repeat analysis revealed that the DNA profile of BG-1 FR cells was unique, yet the Short tandem repeat pattern of BG-1 NIEHS was identical with that of MCF-7 cells. From a cytogenetic analysis, it became apparent that the BG-1 FR line had the same profile as previously reported, whereas the BG-1 NIEHS and MCF-7 cells share a similar genetic display. A significant number of unique chromosomal translocations were observed between the BG-1 NIEHS and MCF-7 cells, suggesting that acquired genotypic differences resulted in the formation of two lines from a common origin. Although all cell types demonstrated a similar estrogen responsiveness in reporter gene assays, a microarray analysis revealed distinct estrogen-responsive gene expression patterns with surprisingly moderate to low overlap. We conclude that BG-1 FR is the original ovarian cancer cell line, whereas the BG-1 NIEHS is a variant from the MCF-7 cells. These findings provide much needed clarification of the identities and characteristics of key cell line models that are widely used to study estrogen action in female reproductive cancers.
Trading green backs for green crabs: evaluating the commercial shellfish harvest at risk from European green crab invasion
Authors: Mach Megan E , Chan Kai MA
Published: October 2014

Nonnative species pose a threat to native biodiversity and can have immense impacts on biological communities, altering the function of ecosystems. How much value is at risk from high-impact invasive species, and which parameters determine variation in that value, constitutes critical knowledge for directing both management and research, but it is rarely available. We evaluated the value of the commercial shellfish harvest that is at risk in nearshore ecosystems of Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, from the invasive European green crab,Carcinus maenas. We assessed this value using a simple static ecological model combined with an economic model using data from Puget Sound’s shellfish harvest and revenue and the relationship betweenC. maenasabundance and the consumption rate of shellfish. The model incorporates a range inC. maenasdiet preference, calories consumed per year, and crab densities.C. maenasis likely to prey on commercially harvested hardshell clams, oysters, and mussels, which would likely reduce additional revenue from processing and distribution, and the number of jobs associated with these fisheries.

The model results suggest possible revenue losses of these shellfish ranging from $1.03-23.8 million USD year-1(2.8-64% losses), with additional processing and distribution losses up to $17.6 million USD and 442 job positions each year associated with a range of plausible parameter values. The broad range of values reflects the uncertainty in key factors underlying impacts, factors that are highly variable across invaded regions and so not knowablea priori. However, future research evaluating species invasions can reduce the uncertainty of impacts by characterizing several key parameters: density of individuals, number of arrivals, predation and competition interactions, and economic impacts. This study therefore provides direction for research to inform more accurate estimates of value-at-risk, and suggests substantial motivation for strong measures to prevent, monitor, and manage the possible invasion ofC. maenas.
Data publication consensus and controversies
Authors: Kratz John , Strasser Carly
Published: October 2014

The movement to bring datasets into the scholarly record as first class research products (validated, preserved, cited, and credited) has been inching forward for some time, but now the pace is quickening. As data publication venues proliferate, significant debate continues over formats, processes, and terminology. Here, we present an overview of data publication initiatives underway and the current conversation, highlighting points of consensus and issues still in contention. Data publication implementations differ in a variety of factors, including the kind of documentation, the location of the documentation relative to the data, and how the data is validated. Publishers may present data as supplemental material to a journal article, with a descriptive “data paper,” or independently. Complicating the situation, different initiatives and communities use the same terms to refer to distinct but overlapping concepts. For instance, the term published means that the data is publicly available and citable to virtually everyone, but it may or may not imply that the data has been peer-reviewed. In turn, what is meant by data peer review is far from defined; standards and processes encompass the full range employed in reviewing the literature, plus some novel variations. Basic data citation is a point of consensus, but the general agreement on the core elements of a dataset citation frays if the data is dynamic or part of a larger set. Even as data publication is being defined, some are looking past publication to other metaphors, notably “data as software,” for solutions to the more stubborn problems.
False memory susceptibility is correlated with categorisation ability in humans
Authors: Hunt Kathryn , Chittka Lars
Published: October 2014

Our memory is often surprisingly inaccurate, with errors ranging from misremembering minor details of events to generating illusory memories of entire episodes. The pervasiveness of such false memories generates a puzzle: in the face of selection pressure for accuracy of memory, how could such systematic failures have persisted over evolutionary time? It is possible that memory errors are an inevitable by-product of our adaptive memories and that semantic false memories are specifically connected to our ability to learn rules and concepts and to classify objects by category memberships. Here we test this possibility using a standard experimental false memory paradigm and inter-individual variation in verbal categorisation ability. Indeed it turns out that the error scores are significantly negatively correlated, with those individuals scoring fewer errors on the categorisation test being more susceptible to false memory intrusions in a free recall test. A similar trend, though not significant, was observed between individual categorisation ability and false memory susceptibility in a word recognition task. Our results therefore indicate that false memories, to some extent, might be a by-product of our ability to learn rules, categories and concepts.
Scientific School “Real Economy Management”
Authors: Афанасьев  , Afanasev Valentin , Куканова  , Kukanova N.
Published: October 2014

A concept of formation of scientific school "Real Economy Managing", revealing activity’s basic directions,

based on fundamental knowledge, and representation of SUM’s scientific school founders have been

done in this paper. The scientific school head has been characterized in detail, his achievements, awards,

prizes and activities have been listed. The research team structure, united in the scientific school under

direction of V.Ya. Afanasiev, has been represented. New scientific schools emerged from the SUM’s base

scientific management school under the guidance of scientists who agree with founders’ scientific positions,

have been also marked. As practitioners followers have been marked persons on leadership positions in

real economy’s large organizations, such as State Corporation "Rosatom", LLC "NIIgazekonomika", JSC

"NK Rosneft". An amount of doctoral candidates and graduate students who have defended their thesis

in different specialties and who are scientific reserve for scientific school human resource reproduction

has been depicted on diagrams. The main directions of team’s research, its results, patents and licenses,

scientific reserve, major publications have been listed further in this article. The team’s research mix with

particular purpose mark, justification and problems’ specification has been disclosed in conclusion.
Management Research Methods’ Role in Real Economy Efficiency Provision
Authors: Афанасьев  , Afanasev Valentin , Ащеулова  , Ashcheulova Irina
Published: October 2014

The paper has been devoted to consideration of a research problem in the process of management related to companies of economy’s real sector. The authors provide different classifications of existing research methods and identify their transformation prospects. One of publication’s main themes is the most actual research methods from the point of view related to growing role of human capital as the most important factor of efficiency ensuring.
Problems of Russian Oil Industry Integration in Global Energy Complex
Authors: Козеняшева  , Kozenyasheva Margarita , Афанасьев  , Afanasev Valentin
Published: October 2014

A study of problems and prospects related to Russian oil industry integration in the global energy complex,

based on assessment of relationship and subordination of global system, structural economic and energy

crises, that had occurred in the late XX century, played a pivotal role in the transition to the post-industrial

era and led to cardinal changes in the global economy is considered in this paper.
Legal Nature of Supervisory Instruments above the Financial Market in the EU — Chosen Issues
Authors: Шаранец  , zaraniec Monika
Published: October 2014

In the article taken analysis of character of supervisory instruments was as part of uni-form financial markets

the EU applied by EU organs of the supervision. To the end of 2010 the supervision of financial markets

constituted the control domain of Member States in the financial, procedural and organizational aspect.

At present European Sys-tem of Financial Supervisors (ESFS) and organs acting in his structures of the

EU su-pervision have a right to issuing decisions of superintendents directly binding supervised entities,

that is organs of the supervision and financial institutions acting on the market. A possibility of drawing

up by European Supervisiory Authorities (ESA) is a special standard solution of projects binding technical

standards (BTS) being subject to approving by the European Commission and having a power of direct

being applicable in all Member States.
Supporting Senegalese midwives and birth attendants—lessons from the African Birth Collective
Authors: Nakad Julia
Published: October 2014

‘Midwives provide amazing services to their communities. Aside from assisting with births, they're a great resource for reproductive health, family planning, and STD information. They are well-connected with communities, and distribute critical health information.’ Kaya Skye, Founder of The African Birth Collective
Quality assurance of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Botswana
Authors: Matambo Stembile , Machakaire E , Motswere-Chirwa C , Legwaila K , Letsholathebe V , Dintwa E , Lu L , Voetsch AC , Glenshaw M
Published: October 2014

Background:

The HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women is 37% in Botswana. According to UNICEF (2011), maternal and under-5 mortality rates in Botswana were 160 per 100000 live births and 26 per 1000 live births, respectively. Therefore, this study sought to identify the effects of ongoing clinic audits of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Francistown, Botswana for the period 2008–2012.

Methods:

Existing data for all women attending antenatal and postnatal clinics were collected and collated manually from monthly from clinic PMTCT registers.

Results:

There were 19 720 new antenatal clinic visits between 2008 and 2012 with an HIV prevalence of 35% among the women. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV decreased from 3% in 2008 to 1% in 2012. The decrease was due, in part, to the introduction of triple antiretroviral prophylaxis/antiretroviral therapy (TAP/ARV) (PMTCT Option B) in 2011.

Conclusions:

Audit results over a 5-year period showed a steady improvement in the cascade of PMTCT interventions. Clinic audits should be implemented nationally to reduce maternal and under-5 mortality.
Raising concerns: Quality of care in maternal health services in South Africa
Authors: Chadwick Rachelle
Published: October 2014

There are increasing concerns regarding the quality of care afforded to women in public maternal health facilities in South Africa. There have been reports of human rights violations committed by midwives in state services, including verbal and physical abuse, lack of informed consent and routine humiliation of patients during labour and childbirth. There is, however, a paucity of qualitative research that has documented women's stories of birth and maternal health care in this context. This article explores 48 childbirth stories gathered by a non-governmental organisation in the Western Cape region of South Africa. A thematic narrative analysis of the women's accounts of their childbirth experiences in public health care facilities is provided. It was found that two thirds of women (n=32) reported a negative childbirth experience with most of these reported as very bad experiences (n=22). One third of the women reported a positive birth experience (n=14) characterised by supportive caregivers. Themes of abuse, dehumanisation, disrespect and neglect, however, dominated most of the women's accounts of giving birth within public maternal health services in the Western Cape, South Africa.
Parental involvement in the management of hospitalised children in Kenya: Policy and practice
Authors: Makworo Drusilla , Bwibo Nimrod , Omoni Grace
Published: October 2014

In the developing world, there is scarce documentation on the approaches used in the management of hospitalised children. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that evaluated parental involvement and policies guiding the management of hospitalised children in Kenya. Data were collected by use of questionnaires and interview guides. The results found that slightly more than half (54.6%) of the parents were actively involved in decision-making whereas 45.6% were passively involved. Using Chi square test, the health providers' knowledge of family-centred care and the parents' level of education exhibit statistically significant associations with parental involvement in decision-making (c2=0.444, P<0.001 and c2 = 17.13, P= 0.021, respectively). The importance of children being accompanied during procedures is echoed. Policies guiding the management of hospitalised children are in existence; however, they do not stipulate how health care providers should interact with the parents. We recommend that policies spelling out the nature and extent of parental involvement in the management of their hospitalised children be developed and documented.
The NHS is on the edge of a national crisis
Authors: Learner Sue
Published: October 2014

Sue Learner discusses how both the NHS and health and social care services have become key political issues, taking centre stage at the recent political party conferences
Reporting medication errors: residents with diabetes
Authors: Milligan Frank , Gadsby Roger , Ghaleb Maisoon , McKeaveney Colette , Newton Kathryn , Randhawa Gurch , Smith Jackie , Sinclair Alan
Published: October 2014

Medication errors are common in health and social care settings. This article discusses nursing home residents with diabetes and how to lessen the likelihood of medication errors occurring during their treatment
Preventing harm: medication management
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: October 2014

Many older people living in care homes may be prescribed medication inappropriately. Staff can improve quality of life by working with others to ensure that medication is prescribed appropriately; in the right dose, at the right time, for the right duration
Learning from our neighbours: a case study
Authors:   Associate Professor
Published: October 2014

Care and residential homes exist all over Europe, incorporating similar and different approaches to care. Peter Kevern discusses his visits to Switzerland and Turkey and how their vision of residential care might impact on practice in the UK
Helping employees back to work
Authors: Moore Andrew
Published: October 2014

Long-term sickness absence among staff costs employers, and the country, billions in lost revenue. But with a new government scheme on the horizon, that could all be about to change, writes Andrew Moore
Women's pensions in the European Union and the current economic crisis
Authors: Foster Liam
Published: October 2014

The current financial and economic crisis has serious implications for the underlying ageing challenge. It has demonstrated weaknesses in the design and long-term sustainability of numerous pension schemes. While many EU countries have undertaken measures to adapt to these challenges it is important to ensure that the effects of the crisis and austerity plans do not adversely affect women. Initially this article outlines women's employment and pension situation before considering the implications of the crisis on their pension prospects. Finally, it highlights the need for in-depth discussions about pension systems in the EU which place women at the centre.
Seafarers and Shopkeepers: Credit in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam
Authors: van Bochove Christiaan
Published: October 2014

Economic development in preindustrial Europe largely relied on specialization and trade. The seafarers making shipping possible, however, faced inconvenient disruptions of income streams as they received most of their wages upon return only. While credit must consequently have played an important role in their daily lives, little is known about how it was used and secured. This paper analyzes lending by two shopkeepers to seafarers in eighteenth-century Amsterdam. It documents a large and formalized credit market and shows that a municipal official secured lending by withholding loan payments from seafarers’ wages. Urban regulation thus helped solve frictions on credit markets.
The Influence of a Rapid Drawdown and Prolonged Dewatering on Fishing Effort, Catch, and Harvest in a Nebraska Reservoir
Authors: Chizinski Christopher J. , Martin Dustin R. , Huber Caleb G. , Pope Kevin L.
Published: October 2014

Red Willow Reservoir, Nebraska, experienced a rapid reduction (drawdown) in surface area, from 580 to 240 ha (59%), and prolonged maintenance at a low-water level from November 2009 until June 2012 (although the reservoir did not begin to refill until 2013 due to drought conditions). We documented changes in fishing effort, catch, and harvest at Red Willow Reservoir from two years pre-drawdown to three years post-drawdown. Fishing effort shifted from a majority of boat anglers to roughly equal representation by boat and bank anglers because of the low-water level. Effort also shifted from anglers seeking specific species to anglers simultaneously seeking all species (anything) during first-year post-drawdown, and then reverted back to anglers seeking specific species during the second and third years post-drawdown. Angler catch of fishes declined substantially post-drawdown. This case study highlights the complicated dynamics that exist among angler participation, reservoir quality, and sport-fish community. Understanding these dynamics is important in the management of fisheries, particularly when fishery managers must manage a reservoir subjected to an extreme change.
Survey of Turtles Nesting on the Missouri River on the South Dakota–Nebraska Border
Authors: Dieter Charles D. , Dixon Laura A. , Ronningen Samantha L. , Ronningen Tait
Published: October 2014

We conducted surveys for nesting false map turtles ( Graptemys pseudogeographica ), spiny softshell turtles ( Apalone spinifera ), and smooth softshell turtles ( A. mutica ) along the lower Missouri River on the South Dakota–Nebraska border in 2006 and 2007. We found 62 active nests (45 softshell species and 17 false map turtles) and 190 predated nests over two field seasons. Of the combined intact and predated nests, there were 2.7 false map turtle nests per sandbar and 4.2 softshell species nests per sandbar on the three man-made sandbars. On natural sandbars, there were 1.4 false map turtle nests per sandbar and 16.3 softshell species nests per sandbar. The nest characteristics that we measured were similar to those in populations of these turtles in other areas of the United States. We found no difference in the straight-line distance from nest to water between softshell species and false map turtles (t 55 = 0.601, p = 0.552). Also, we found no difference in distance from nests to water between the species (t 55 = 0.601, p = 0.552). In general, the distance to water traveled by nesting turtles was farther than that in previously studied populations, with softshell species averaging 61.3 m from water and false map turtles averaging 54.2 m from water. For all species, the slope of the shore nearest the nests on man-made sandbars was less (2.8°) than that on natural sand bars (11.0°) (t 55 = 3.699, p = 0.003). We found no difference in nearest distance to water from the nest between man-made and natural sandbars. The predation rate of monitored nests was 36% (all on natural sandbars). Softshell species nested exclusively in bare sandy areas while false map turtles tolerated sparse vegetation around the nest site. The constructed sandbars seemed to provide quality nesting habitat and were being used by turtles for nesting. The 2012 flood removed or reduced several man-made sandbars, increased the size of others, and created new sandbars. These new sandbars should be monitored to assess turtle nesting success. If the new sandbars provide suitable habitat, it may not be necessary to simulate a natural flooding regime or build new sandbars for a few years. If more constructed sandbars are needed, they should include large areas of open sand to provide easy access to nesting females, minimal vegetation for predator habitat, and a sufficient number of high areas to prevent turtle nests from being flooded.
Evolutionary Theory and the Female Scientist in Wilhelmine von Hillern’s Ein Arzt der Seele (1869)
Authors: Hock Lisabeth
Published: October 2014

Between 1869 and 1906, Hillern’s novel about a female scientist, Ein Arzt der Seele , appeared in six German editions and two English translations. Recent scholarship categorizes this popular novel as a female Bildungsroman and criticizes its conventional marriage plot. My reading argues that the novel overlaid its traditional elements with evolutionary theory, ideas, and metaphors informed by the first edition of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species . In so doing, a genre that had long explored questions about women’s roles in the public and private spheres became recast as one in which midcentury scientific discussions informed the answers to those questions.
Friedrich Ritschl, Otto Jahn, Friedrich Nietzsche
Authors: Jensen Anthony K.
Published: October 2014

Friedrich Ritschl and Otto Jahn are well known as preeminent scholars of classical philology. They are better known as the teachers of Friedrich Nietzsche. Nevertheless their scholarly contexts are today mostly forgotten, with the result that their influence on Nietzsche’s thought has become unclear. In this article, I explore their place in nineteenth-century German scholarship, their heated quarrel with one another, and their direct and indirect influences on Nietzsche.
“Mein beschränkter Raum zwingt mich, auf das Selbstschauen zu verweisen.” Adele Schopenhauers Florenz-Reiseführer
Authors: Peters Anja
Published: October 2014

This article examines the emancipatory and transgressive aspects of Adele Schopenhauer’s travel guide to Florence, a case study in nineteenth-century writing of that genre. In contrast to other forms of travel writing, the subgenre of the travel guide so far has received little scholarly attention. The article focuses on the construction of national and gender identities, as well as on the motif of the gaze as a means of female empowerment, and concludes that Schopenhauer conveys a positive image of the female traveling experience as an opportunity for participation in political, social, and cultural discourses.
The Korean Voice of American Empire: The Democratic Spokesman and the Model Minority Narrator
Authors: Xiang Sunny
Published: October 2014

This article reads the voice of Henry Park, the narrator of Chang-rae Lee’s Native Speaker, in relation to the oratorical voice of Syngman Rhee, the inaugural South Korean president. Both the model minority and the puppet president become unreliable when the prospect of Korean solidarity is at stake. For both Park and Rhee, an unreliable voice is racialized within the auspices of U.S.-Korean geopolitics, which deems Asian modernity the exception to human rights. Park’s voices challenges this geopolitical coding of “Asian.” In the context of narrative ethics, his narrative unreliability signifies not only stereotypical “Asian” inscrutability but also normative “human” fallibility.
The Crucifixion as Theophany: Divine Visions in a Sermon by Anastasius Sinaita and on the Apse Wall of Santa Maria Antiqua
Authors: Bergmeier Armin F.
Published: October 2014

This article traces the change in the visual and literary language concerning the importance of the crucifixion of Christ. While theophanic motifs were predominant earlier in Late Antiquity, images of the crucifixion came to replace them at the end of this period. Both pictorial and literary images of Christ’s passion on the cross were used to make the mystery of his divinity accessible. Two examples demonstrate this transition: in Anastasius Sinai-ta’s sermon on the Transfiguration a theophanic event is equated with the crucifixion; in a fresco painting in Santa Maria Antiqua an unusual depiction of the crucifixion appears in a spot that had hitherto been reserved for theophanic motifs.
Euroskepticism Arrives: Marginal No More
Authors: Topaloff Liubomir
Published: October 2014

Abstract: The increase of representation of the Eurosceptic parties is, contrary to what many commentators claim, more than just a protest vote against “business as usual.” This essay reviews the results of the recent European elections and provides an assessment of their short-and long-term consequences. It also examines the causes for the recent rise of Euroskepticism. The main thesis argued in the essay is that the disintegration of the EU narrative of “ever closer union” is the root cause of the rise of Euroskepticism, with various failing polices and the recent eurocrisis serving as the intermediate and precipitating causes. The essay also makes the argument that some of the Eurosceptic parties—such as the French National Front (FN), the British UKIP, True Finns, and the Danish People’s party—are no longer “marginal,” but have “graduated” into the mainstream European political ecology. The essay implicitly separates Eurosceptic “coalitional” populist parties from radical and extremist ones.
Indonesia's 2014 Elections: Parliament and Patronage
Authors: Aspinall Edward
Published: October 2014

Abstract: Analysing the 9 April 2014 legislative elections in Indonesia, this article presents a case study of patronage politics in an open-list proportional-representation electoral system. Under this system, candidates focus on increasing their personal vote rather than votes for their party. Most candidates did so in the 2014 elections by relying on personal brokerage networks rather than party machines. They also distributed material rewards—including individual gifts, club goods, and pork barrel projects—to voters, and engaged in straightforward vote buying. The paper concludes by suggesting that, in order to move beyond clientelism, Indonesia needs to explore options for electoral reform.
India's Watershed Vote: Hindu Nationalism in Power?
Authors: Varshney Ashutosh
Published: October 2014

Abstract: How will the BJP’s relationship with India’s Muslims evolve? This is among the most significant questions that the BJP’s stunning election victory poses. Though ideologically the BJP is suspicious of Muslims, the BJP’s rule is unlikely to be a mechanical extension of the party’s core ideology. As before, two constraints will matter: constitutional and political. India’s constitution is not committed to Hindu nationalism. And if the BJP wants its election victories to be repeated, India’s political realities will require alliance building across the nation’s diversities. Hindu-Muslim tensions should be expected, but not a return to the era of big riots.
Indonesia's 2014 Elections: How Jokowi Won and Democracy Survived
Authors: Mietzner Marcus
Published: October 2014

Abstract: This article discusses the 2014 presidential elections in Indonesia, which saw a strong populist challenge launched against the country’s young democracy. Prabowo Subianto, the former son-in-law of longtime autocrat Suharto, promised to roll back many of the democratic reforms of the last 15 years. Prabowo came within a hair’s breadth of winning the presidency, but ultimately lost out to Joko Widodo, a political newcomer from Central Java. The article evaluates what Widodo’s victory (and Prabowo’s strong campaign) tell us about the state of Indonesian democracy, and about the challenges that Widodo will face in leading Indonesia into the next phase of democratic strengthening.
India's Watershed Vote: The Risks Ahead
Authors: Ganguly Sumit
Published: October 2014

Abstract: As the accompanying essays by Eswaran Sridharan, Ashutosh Varshney, and Rajiv Kumar underscore, India’s sixteenth general election constituted a dramatic shift in the political fortunes of the two principal national political parties, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). With a firm BJP majority in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament), handpicked loyalists in key party positions, and an enfeebled parliamentary opposition, Prime Minister Narendra Modi now has considerable leeway to pursue his agenda. He must choose whether he will maintain his focus on growing the economy, creating jobs, and building infrastructure—improvements that would benefit all Indians—or if he will strive to transform India into a Hindu state.
Faculty Status, Tenure, and Professional Identity: A Pilot Study of Academic Librarians in New England
Authors: Freedman Shin
Published: October 2014

Faculty status, tenure, and professional identity have been long-lasting issues for academic librarians for nearly forty years, yet there is little agreement on the benefits of faculty status. This paper examines faculty status and tenure for academic librarians and presents the results of a survey inquiry into professional identity, current and expected roles, views on faculty status and tenure, and personnel status of academic librarians in the New England area. The study affirms that 45 percent of the respondents have some combination of faculty status, tenure status, and faculty plus tenure status, and that 65 percent of academic librarians do not have tenure. While all academic librarians perceive strong professional development support, only those with faculty status and tenure (and librarians involved with new and emerging areas of study) see themselves having more career advancement and development opportunities. This research concludes that librarians’ professional identities are closely matched with five traditional roles. Four new or emerging roles, which may be referred to as “educator,” “teacher,” “information professional,” and “facilitator of learning,” reveal significant differences across personnel status.
What’s the Big Deal? Collection Evaluation at the National Level
Authors: Jurczyk Eva , Jacobs Pamela
Published: October 2014

This article discusses a project undertaken to assess the journals in a Big Deal package by applying a weighted value algorithm measuring quality, utility, and value of individual titles. Carried out by a national library consortium in Canada, the project confirmed the value of the Big Deal package while providing a quantitative approach for member libraries to assess their participation and to select key titles if participation becomes financially unsustainable. The article establishes the need to consider multiple proxies for journal value in collection evaluation and encourages collaborative evaluation approaches.
Google vs. the Library (Part II): Student Search Patterns and Behaviors when Using Google and a Federated Search Tool
Authors: Georgas Helen
Published: October 2014

This study examines the information-seeking behavior of undergraduate students within a research context. Student searches were recorded while the participants used Google and a library (federated) search tool to find sources (one book, two articles, and one other source of their choosing) for a selected topic. The undergraduates in this study believed themselves to be skilled researchers, but their search queries and behaviors did not support this belief. Students did not examine their topics to identify keywords and related terms. They relied heavily on the language presented to them via the list of research topics and performed natural language or simple keyword or phrase queries. They did not reformulate or refine their research questions or search queries, did not move beyond the first page of results, and did not examine metadata to improve searches. When using Google, students frequently visited commercial sites such as Amazon; content farms such as About.com ; and subscription databases such as JSTOR. This study concludes by offering suggestions for search interface improvement and pedagogical opportunities on which librarians may wish to focus or refocus. This article is the second in a series that examines student use of Google and a library (federated) search tool.
Paul Auster and Charles Reznikoff: The Hunger-Artists of Jewish America
Authors: Zieba Izabela
Published: October 2014

Despite the fact that they represent various degrees of remoteness, Charles Reznikoff, a New York modernist poet, and Paul Auster, an author of post-modern fiction and an admirer of his predecessor’s work, have at least one thing in common: they write in the tradition of Kafka and his hunger-artist. Though rarely discussed by the critics, the theme of dieting as a peculiar trend, “the vogue for hunger” in Kafka’s words, informs both authors’ writing to an astonishing degree. Exploring multiple connections between food and Jewishness in Jewish philosophy, religion, along with constructions of masculinity, the author presents the ideal of a “total fast” as a diasporic survival act—preserving Rosenfeld’s “organic dissatisfaction” to avoid the dangers of fulfillment and forgetfulness. Following current psychology and its claim that the body often becomes “the target of unstable social situations,” called predicaments, she closely examines Auster’s and Reznikoff’s literary chronicles of starvation to see how they reflect social anxieties of their times.