bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of B-Thalassemia Carriers Among a Cohort of University Students in Hawler Province of Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: A. Alnakshabandi Abdulkadir , A. Muhammad Huda
Published: March 2022

A representative sample of a thousand volunteer university students was screened for evidence of thalassemia minor.Complete blood counts using automated blood cell analysers and blood smears were examined. Patients having anemia, abnormal red cell indices or morphological features of thalassemia minor like hypochromia, microcytosis, target cells erythrocytosis and family history of thalassemia were then investigated for determination of  HbA2 & HbF levels. Estimation of hemoglobin A2 was performed by micro-column chromatography while HbF was done using alkali denaturation. Seventy seven out of the thousand samples tested positive for thalassemia minor. They all showed a hemoglobin A2 of more than 3.6 percent and higher, associated in most of the cases with mild anemia, erythrocytosis and hypochromic microcytic red cells.  We reached to the conclusion that the prevalence of thalassemia minor in our community, represented at college students at fertile age, to be 7.7%. We hope that similar figures could be made available in the future for the rest of Kurdistan and the bigger Iraq so that a national figure could be presented to the world literature.

Key word : Î²-Thalassemia ,  hemoglobin  A2 , hemoglobin
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Two New Analogues of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)D-alanine8 and D-alanine
Authors: Y. Saour Kawkab
Published: March 2022

So far synthesis of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues reported in the literature has clarified some aspects of structural activity of the naturally released GnRH. As a part of continuing efforts for further understanding of this relationship, the present investigation was undertaken which involved synthesis and biological evaluation of two GnRH analogues, firstly, by replacement of the amino acid L-Argenine in the 8th position at the backbone structure of the natural hormone by the amino acid D-Alanine; and secondly, by replacement of the amino acid L-Glycine in the 10th position by D-Alanine also at the backbone structure of the nature hormone, to obtain the following analogues respectively:

PGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-DAla-Pro-Gly-NH2 (Analogue I: D-Alanine8 GnRH),

PGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-DAla-NH2 (Analogue II: D-Alanine10 GnRH), which were synthesized by applying conventional solution method. Peptides were purified by several recrystallization using appropriate solvent and proved to be homogenous. Conformity of the synthetic procedure was achieved by applying different physico-chemical analyses including Melting Point (mp), Thin Layer Chromatography (Tlc.), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Elemental Analysis (CHN), Amino Acid Analysis (AAA), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1NMR).Preliminary biological activity of the two analogues was determined by testing their effects of parenteral administration on ascorbic acid depletion from the ovary of pseudopregnant mice and compared with that of natural GnRH hormone. Analogue II showed significant ascorbic acid depletion as compared to the native hormone while the percentage in ascorbic acid depletion after administration of analogue I were not significant as compared to the native hormone.

Key Words: Gonadotropine releasing hormone, Peptide synthesis, Biological activity of GnRH
THE SHARI’AH LEGAL PROFESSION IN THE PHILIPPINES: THE STATUS QUO AND CUES OF ITS FUTURE
Authors: Barodi Norhabib Bin Suod Sumndad
Published: March 2022

This article provides an overview of the Shari’ah legal profession in the Philippines by scrutinising its status quo, identifying the indications of its future, and drawing some insights from its comparison to Malaysia’s Syarie legal profession. The recognition of the Shari’ah legal profession in the secular state of the Philippines is traceable to the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines (Muslim Code), which mandated the creation of Shari’ah courts and the institutionalisation of the Shari’ah bar examinations whose passers are conferred the title of ‘Counselor-at-Law’. In view of the recent enactment of the Bangsamoro Organic Law (Republic Act No. 11054), this article will also highlight the implications of the justice system under this organic law on existing Philippine’s Shari’ah Courts and on the Shari’ah legal profession as a whole.
REVERSE ENGINEERING OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS USING ANALYTICAL NETWORKS
Authors: Rovinskyi V. A. , Yevchuk O. V.
Published: March 2022

A method for the synthesis of numerical models based on analytical networks for nonlinear systems ofincreased complexity using their known input and output signals taken synchronously is proposed. The functioning of the proposed analytical networks is based on the use of a modified genetic algorithm and a library of blocks of constant  functionality. Genotype structure and mutation algorithms are proposed for describing an analyticalnetwork. In addition, methods for modeling complex non-linear systems using the Volterra, Wiener-Hammerstein series, adaptive filters, non-linear model of an autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs, neural networks and genetic algorithms are considered, and the main problems that arise when using these models are identified. Apractical example of the possibility of using the analytical network is shown on the example of the resynthesis of asound synthesizer. A typical diagram of such a synthesizer is described. A possible scheme of a re-synthesized system based on an analytical network that is functionally as similar as possible to desired system is considered. The possibility of automatically constructing a numerical model of the reaction of a nonlinear mechanical system to inputdisturbances using known input and output signals recorded synchronously is shown. The main difficulties of theresynthesis of complex systems for sound reproduction are considered - the influence of psychoacoustic phenomena on the perception of synthesis results and the need to ensure high fidelity for obtaining adequate results are shown.The structure of typical blocks of the analytical network is proposed, which should include typical conversions used in digital signal processing, arithmetic and logical operations, correlation and comparison blocks, hysteresis components, and in addition, typical possible standard blocks of a system that undergoes resynthesis.
ENSURING INTRINSIC SAFETY OF LOW-VOLTAGE MEASURING CIRCUITS IN COAL MINES
Authors: Lopatin V. V.
Published: March 2022

Currently, there is a large amount of literature on the safety of power electrical circuits, however, they completely lack the safety issues of using measuring circuits in coal mines. And measuring circuits are an important integral part of diagnostics and information content of mining equipment control systems. The article clearly shows the solution to the problem of the safety of using measuring circuits in coal mines. The admissible parameters are revealed and the relationships of these parameters are found, which ensure the intrinsic safety of the measuring circuits. A tubeless technique for assessing the intrinsic safety of measuring circuits is proposed. An example of the application of the developed methodology is considered on the example of a specific control sensor of the 4201 DST-10 type of the mobile control system of the MAK-2 type. The introduction of the developed methodology at two coal mines in Ukraine and approbation at five foreign conferences is shown.
DYNAMIC DECOMPOSITIONAL APPROACH TO LEVEL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF CITIES
Authors: Krykhivskyi M. V. , Mukhajliv V. I. , Samaniv L. V.
Published: March 2022

The development of technologies and production today is closely connected with the prevention of negative impact on the environment by interstate agreements and the legislation of countries. However, a unified methodology for assessing anthropogenic activity in the context of changes in ecological systems does not yet exist. Different approaches to this problem lead to different methods and, accordingly, to different results.

The main focus of scientific developments in this area is paid to the processes of environmental pollution, emissions and waste of industrial production and life. It is the changes, and the most dangerous of them are irreversible, that is the aspect that fully reflect the adequacy in assessing the level of environmental safety. Therefore, an important and urgent task of science today should be considered predicting changes in ecological systems due to the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. The solution to this problem is impossible without the development of new mathematical diagnostic methods.

The study is aimed at developing tools to support strategic environmental assessment of ecological systems of cities in the context of the concept of environmental impact assessment. A theoretical tool is proposed that makes it possible to both predict and investigate the existing situation.

The paper considers a new scientific and practical approach to diagnostics of the ecological state of natural technogenic components of cities (urban ecosystems). It is proposed to assess the level of environmental safety by mathematical modeling of a system with a variable structure. The study is based on the trajectory of fuzzy structures of the ecosystem, combining integral indicators and bioindication.

The proposed mathematical model will make it possible to formalize changes in the environment. This approach improves the methodology for a comprehensive assessment of all components of the environment and will allow the use of computer technology for these purposes, and will make the diagnosis more objective. The theory of dynamic decomposition substantiates a method for assessing the level of environmental safety based on fuzzy states of the ecosystem.

Formalization can be used to automate the diagnostics of the ecological safety of cities and to develop algorithmic support for complex analysis at the level of natural technogenic complexes of cities.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE STRUCTURE OF A LIQUID (MELT) USING DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Vavruk T. O. , Tcareva O. S. , Malko O. G. , Hobur L. M. , Podubinska N. D.
Published: March 2022

This article considers a spatio-temporal study of the structure of melts using the correlation functions of the distribution of physical and chemical analysis. The authors consider the properties of metallic melts and their dependence on the physical state of the melt. The dynamic structure of the melt is considered, the numerical description is given. The binary distribution function is distinguished as the one that best corresponds to the structure of the fluid. With the help of the atomic distribution function, if the interaction potentials are known, it is possible to find the equation of state of a system fluid, to determine its energy, compression, and a number of other kinetic and thermodynamic quantities. The atomic distribution function allows you to quantify the parameters of the short order in a liquid. The authors indicate two approaches for the theoretical calculation of the atomic distribution function to quantify short-range parameters in a fluid based on integro-differential equations that relate correlation functions to interaction potentials.

For real systems, the most common methods of finding the radial distribution function are the method of diffraction of X-rays, neurons or electrons. This paper presents the results of X-ray diffraction by Pb-Cd melts, calculated functions of radial distribution of atomic density, presents the main parameters of the radial distribution function and the results of model interpretation.

The article proves that the implementation of the mathematical model is possible through the theoretical calculation of distribution functions. The authors took as a basis the solutions of integro-differential equations, which include both the equation of the complete and correlation functions, and the equation that connects the distribution functions with the even interaction potential. The proposed mathematical model is implemented using the function of radial distribution of atomic density on the basis of physicochemical analysis. As a result of realization, the dependences of the percentage of atoms on the coordination numbers calculated in two ways in the graphical results are obtained.
MODEL OF PNEUMOMETRIC DENSITY METER FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY OF DRILLING SOLUTIONS OF OIL AND GAS WELLS
Authors: Shavranskyi M. V. , Borun V. S. , Chygur I. I. , Zvaruch H. H. , Kuchmustenko O. V. , Malko O. G.
Published: March 2022

The development of automatic pneumometric densitometers is promising not only for drilling fluids. They can be used in the food, chemical, refining, oil depots and storage facilities. Based on them, you can build systems for quantitative accounting of liquid products in units of mass. Possessing high accuracy, pneumometric densitometers are simple and reliable, convenient in operation and, most importantly, are completed with the elements serially issued by the industry.

The article presents a block diagram of a differential pneumometric densitometer with ballast pressure compensator in the minus pneumoline and shows the calculation which shows that the main source of error is the pressure loss in the pneumolines, zero drift of the differential pressure gauge, cancellation of real values ​​of static coefficients from differential. It is pointed out that in order to find the value of pressure and flow at each point of the pneumoline, even for simple models, it is necessary to make complex calculations. An analytical solution can only be obtained for individual cases that are of no practical value.

Therefore, for the analysis of a pneumoline of a densitometer it is most rational to use a method of electrohydraulic analogy (EGDA) and to pass from a pneumatic line with the distributed parameters to similar electric with rarefied parameters. We obtained a model of a pneumometric densitometer in the form of an electrical circuit, which requires further research, electrical engineering methods, to clarify the coefficients and parameters of the model and check its adequacy.
DETECTION OF DEFECTS OF STRUCTURES FROM FERROMAGNETIC STEEL THROUGH THE LAYER OF ANTICORROSION COVER WITHOUT REMOVAL
Authors: Uchanin V. M. , Ivashchenko K. A.
Published: March 2022

The detection of the cracks in ferromagnetic steel components by the eddy current method is formidable because of the additional noise originated from magnetic and structural heterogeneities of the inspected material. In this paper, several techniques proposed for the detection of the defects in ferromagnetic steel components are analyzed. One of the possible approaches is based on the additional magnetization of the inspected zone to minimize magnetic heterogeneity. Another trend is concerned with new selective EC probe development. This inspection problem is exercisable by the double differential EC probes application. These probes were developed some decades ago and are characterized by a specific quasi-absolute signal with maximum amplitude when the probe is situated directly over a crack. The main features of such probes can be characterized with: high sensitivity to elongated (like crack) and to local (like pitting or pore) defects; high sensitivity to surface and subsurface defects through the protective coating or with large clearance between the probe and inspected surface; high penetration for low-frequency probes; high lift-off noise suppression. In this study the possibility to detect the cracks through the anticorrosive coating was investigated. Special detectability diagrams were created to estimate the ultimate thicknesses of dielectric coating for the detection of the defects with different depths. For inspection of the objects with large overall dimensions (like tubes, forgings, etc.) array type EC probe (named EDDYLINE) was developed. High sensitivity width (near 60 mm) was achieved to obtain high inspection productivity. At the same time, the high locality was provided because all EC probes are operated separately. Developed EC inspection techniques based on the EDDYLINE type EC probe were successfully applied for the detection of cracks in ferromagnetic and stainless steel tube forgings.
Impact of Volume and Surface Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Steel 30HGSA
Authors: Rakhadilov B.K. , Kozhanova R.S. , Kowalewski P. , Baizhan D. , Sagdoldina Zh.B. , Zhurerova L.G. , Yerbolatova G.U.
Published: March 2022

The work presents the results of a comparative study of volumetric and surface heat treatment impact on the structural-phase states, hardness, and wear resistance of steel 30HGSA. Surface hardening was conducted by the electrolyte-plasma method. Bulk quenching of the samples was carried out by heating to a temperature of 900 °C, followed by cooling in water and oil, and some of the samples after quenching were annealed at a temperature of 510 °C. The structural-phase states of 30HGSA steel samples were studied by metallographic and X-ray structural analysis. There were carried out the microhardness measurements, tribological tests according to the ball-disk scheme, as well as was determined the resistance of the samples to abrasive wear. It was determined that after electrolytic-plasma hardening, fine-acicular martensite with a small content of cementite is formed on the basis of metallographic and X-ray structural analyzes, and coarse-acicular martensite is formed after volume quenching in water and oil. It was determined that the microhardness increased to 400-460 HV after volume quenching, and subsequent annealing leads to a decrease in hardness to 330-360 HV. It was revealed that the electrolyte-plasma surface hardening leads to an increase in microhardness up to 2 times due to the formation of fine-acicular martensite.
About one way of organization Unified system for registration of space rays
Authors: Mukashev K.M. , Stepanov A.V. , Argynova A.Kh. , Zhukov V.V. , Idrisova T.K.
Published: March 2022

Today, at the high-mountain scientific station for the study of the physics of cosmic rays, various, independently operating unique experimental installations are used. The ways and methods of combining these installations into a single system are discussed in the article. A single system includes networks of scintillation detectors of the "carpet" type for registration of the electron-photon component, ground and underground monitors for registration of neutron components, calorimeters, Cherenkov detectors, a scintillation spectrometer and a number of other subsystems. The newly created unified system for registering cosmic rays based on the achievements of modern technology and scientific thought will have a high resolution, with a common databank with synchronization in time of operation of separate, independently operating experimental installations. The solution to this problem will help to perform a detailed analysis of the recorded events from a single position, to carry out complex calculations of the spatial distribution, mass composition, and also the energy structure of cosmic rays with a high degree of accuracy. Significant scientific results, obtained in recent years at the Horizon-T experimental installation, are provided. The presented preliminary significant data obtained during the implementation of the project testify to the high information content of the obtained results.
Giant Cell Tumor of the Distal Tibia and Fibula (Rare Location)
Authors: Hamid Awadelseid Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Giant cell tumor of the distal tibia is a rare, benign and usually asymptomatic condition. The discovery is sometimes made following a medical imaging examination or a painful symptom or more often a visible or palpable swelling with or without vascular and/or nerve compression. At an advanced stage, the X-ray is of paramount importance. The well complete surgical resection is part of the therapeutic. We present a clinical case report of a young man with a giant cell tumor localized in the distal tibia in Khartoum, Sudan. This case concerns a 37-year-old patient who presented in July 2021 of a huge painful swelling at left distal tibia treated with bonesetter at Kassla, eastern Sudan and whose X-ray radiography showed lytic lesion of the cortical bone in the lower third of the tibia. After the operative resection of the tumor mass, the pathological examination of the operative specimen revealed the diagnosis of a giant cell tumor. A giant cell tumor is a benign condition, with a few symptoms and the location at the ankle is exceptional. Complete surgical resection is a viable treatment option.
Delay Onset Radicular Pain Due to Vertebroplasty Cement Leakage
Authors: Kamalifa Amir , Salehpour Firouz , Mirzaii Farhad , Kamalifar Samar
Published: March 2022

Neurological deficit due to Vertebroplasty cement leakage as an important complications with early sign and symptom but delay radicular pain and muscle weakness presentation was rare and need correct diagnostic approach.
A Twenty-five to Fifty Year Follow-up of Twenty-seven Pediatric Surgical Residents
Authors: Raffensperger John
Published: March 2022

This survey of 27 pediatric surgeons who were residents at the Children’s Memorial Hospital in Chicago from 1970 to 1996 correlates their education, general surgery residency, extra training and research with their practice, publications and leadership positions. This study also reviews health issues, family life, continuing education, proficiency in index cases, intrusion of subspecialties and opinions on surgical education.
Tubular Calcareous Nodules from the Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation of Colorado
Authors: Stevens Calvin H.
Published: March 2022

Unusual tubular calcareous nodules occur in reddish-brown siltstones in the upper 150 m of the Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation in northwestern Colorado. These nodules have an inner core extending the length of the specimens and consisting of sparry calcite and/or siliciclastic material. This core is surrounded by several concentric zones of crudely laminated micritic limestone with variously shaped small cavities filled with clear calcite. The outer parts of the nodules generally consist of clotted micrite with some siliciclastic material incorporated near the contact with the surrounding sediment. Several nodules were later fractured, some with the cracks partially filled with micrite and others filled with sparry calcite. These nodules may be microbialites that encrusted small reed-like plants that grew in a salt marsh, a shallow coastal lake, or a pool on a muddy tidal flat. These plants later decayed allowing access of siliciclastic sediment into the hollow core.
DIAGNOSTICS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES AT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT POLICY CONDITIONS
Authors: Yermak Svitlana
Published: March 2022

The author's approach to diagnostics of innovative activity effectiveness of business structures at the implementation of anti-crisis management policy conditions is offered in the article. The main approaches to the sequence of assessment of the innovative activity effectiveness of business structures are summarized and the key aspects that reveal the modern methodological tools of this process are identified. The author's vision of the stages of diagnostics of innovative activity effectiveness of business structures at the implementation of anti-crisis management policy conditions (1) methodological support of the diagnostic process; 2) information support; 3) development of a comprehensive integrated indicator; 4) the assessment process; 5) development of anti-crisis measures) is formed. The main methodological approaches to the selection of the components of the systems for assessment of the innovative activity effectiveness of business structures are systematized and the following are distinguished: functional approach, modified-functional, resource, resource-functional and other approach. The basic requirements which the system of indicators of the innovative activity effectiveness of business structures should satisfy are defined. It is proposed to build a system of indicators on the principle of dualism and to distinguish two parts: general and special. It is proved that the indicators of the general part should be based on the basic principles of anti-crisis management and priorities of inclusive economic development and be divided into social, economic, environmental, scientific, technical and organizational blocks. Indicators of the special part are aimed at diagnosing specific industry and structural features of business structures. Based on the proposed system of indicators, it is advisable to form a comprehensive integrated indicator that will determine the level of the innovative activity effectiveness of business structures (low, medium, high) and develop a set of anti-crisis measures to improve it and meet the main priorities of inclusive economic development and social responsibility of innovators.
Thalamic stereoelectroencephalography in epilepsy surgery: a scoping literature review
Authors: Gadot Ron , Korst Genevieve , Shofty Ben , Gavvala Jay R. , Sheth Sameer A.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is a well-established surgical method for defining the epileptogenic network. Traditionally reserved for identifying discrete cortical regions for resection or ablation, sEEG in current practice is also used for identifying more broadly involved subcortical epileptic network components, driven by the availability of brain-based neuromodulation strategies. In particular, sEEG investigations including thalamic nuclei are becoming more frequent in parallel with the increase in therapeutic strategies involving thalamic targets such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). The objective to this study was to evaluate existing evidence and trends regarding the purpose, techniques, and relevant electrographic findings of thalamic sEEG.

METHODS

MEDLINE and Embase databases were systematically queried for eligible peer-reviewed studies involving sEEG electrode implantation into thalamic nuclei of patients with epilepsy. Available data were abstracted concerning preoperative workup and purpose for implanting the thalamus, thalamic targets and trajectories, and electrophysiological methodology and findings.

RESULTS

sEEG investigations have included thalamic targets for both basic and clinical research purposes. Medial pulvinar, dorsomedial, anterior, and centromedian nuclei have been the most frequently studied. Few studies have reported any complications with thalamic sEEG implantation, and no studies have reported long-term complications. Various methods have been utilized to characterize thalamic activity in epileptic disorders including evoked potentials, power spectrograms, synchronization indices, and the epileptogenicity index. Thalamic intracranial recordings are beginning to be used to guide neuromodulation strategies including RNS and DBS, as well as to understand complex, network-dependent seizure disorders.

CONCLUSIONS

Inclusion of thalamic coverage during sEEG evaluation in drug-resistant epilepsy is a growing practice and is amenable to various methods of electrographic data analysis. Further study is required to establish well-defined criteria for thalamic implantation during invasive investigations as well as safety and ethical considerations.
Morir de vejez y en la vejez en Los Altos de Jalisco: La parroquia de Encarnación, 1778–1822
Authors:   Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Torres Franco Carmen
Published: March 2022

Los libros de entierro de la parroquia de Encarnación (1778–1822) mostraron que una de las causas de muerte adulta más frecuente fue la vejez. No obstante, con la información proporcionada por los libros de entierro tan sólo se podría analizar la frecuencia, la calidad y el sexo de los fallecidos por vejez. Para poder obtener más indicios de quiénes eran y cómo vivían los viejos se recurrió al método de reconstrucción de familias. Así, se pudo conocer que los mayores de 50 años eran catalogados como viejos, que la mayoría mantuvo la jefatura del hogar hasta su muerte y que la vejez no significó soledad residencial.
La apropiación territorial y simbólica del indio de San Juan de los Lagos: 1623–1633
Authors:   Centro universitario de los Lagos de la Universidad de Guadalajara, López Contreras Felipe
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo es examinar, desde la metodología de la historia cultural, el cambio de nombre del pueblo que hoy se conoce como San Juan de los Lagos, antes conocido como San Juan Bautista de Mazatitlán. Esto permite observar la apropiación española del lugar y de la imagen, desplazando lo indígena de lo territorial y lo simbólico. El cambio de nomenclatura permitió que los españoles se apropiaran del territorio, de la imagen y, a su vez, la individualizaran, la incorporan a lo que les es familiar.
Intencionalidad y destino en la historia de la ciencia
Authors:   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uribe Salas José
Published: March 2022

Este artículo analiza intencionalidad y destino en la ciencia a través de una perspectiva histórica. En esa relación compleja se privilegia la interacción humana, la intencionalidad de la acción, el encadenamiento de sucesos, los procesos de ensamblaje epistémico y el destino. Para ello se aborda el caso del “eritronio”, una sustancia química descubierta en 1801 por el mineralogista Andrés Manuel del Río Fernández (1764–1849), cuyo proceso de verificación y validación por la comunidad internacional tardaría treinta años para reconocerla con el nombre de vanadio, y quedar integrada como el elemento 23 a la Tabla Periódica. Andrés del Río asistió al debate global que abrió el químico sueco Nils Gabriel Sefström al redescubrir nuevamente, en 1831, la sustancia metálica que había bautizara con el nombre de Eritronio.
المشكلات التي واجهت مهنة الغوص للبحث عن اللؤلؤ في الشارقة
Authors: Alsuwaidi Marwa mohamed , Benkheira Nadjib
Published: March 2022

تعد مهنة صيد اللؤلؤ والبحث عنه المهنة الأبرز في منطقة الخليج العربي في مرحلة ما قبل اكتشاف النفط ،  فقد كان لمهنة الغوص للبحث عن اللؤلؤ  عظيم الأثر في التنمية الاقتصادية، والتي كانت تعيشها دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة بصفة عامة والشارقة بصفة خاصة، حيث ظلت مهنة الغوص للبحث عن اللؤلؤ المهنة الأكثر انتشاراً في إمارة الشارقة وباقي الإمارات على ساحل الخليج، نظراً لما يحتويه الخليج العربي من كنوز في باطنه ، غير أن هذه المهنة قد واجهت العديد من الصعوبات التي أدت إلى اندثارها وعزوف أهل الإمارة عنها  لما لها من مشاق ومخاطر كبيرة ، وكان من أبرز تلك المخاطر : ظهور ما يطلق عليه " اللؤلؤ المستنبت" أو "اللؤلؤ الصناعي" الذي أخذ ينافس وبقوة اللؤلؤ الطبيعي في الأسواق العالمية، بالإضافة إلى نشوب الحرب العالمية الأولى وما تبعها من إجراءات اقتصادية أثرت على تجارة اللؤلؤ، فضلاً عن التطور الاقتصادي الكبير الذي ظهر في إمارة الشارقة والإمارات العربية المتحدة ، وكافة دول الخليج نتيجة ظهور البترول والغاز الطبيعي ، مما أثر بالسلب على هذه التجارة ، وأدى إلى اندثار عصر الغوص على اللؤلؤ وجعله في طي النسيان.
الكتابة: أدواتها ودلالاتها بين الثابت والمتحوّل
Authors: ALabidi Leila Y.
Published: March 2022

إنّ تاريخ الكتابة هو تاريخ الإنسان وهو يطوّر من وسائل عيشه وتقنيات سيطرته على الطبيعة وترويض توحّشها وتسخيرها لخدمته وراحته والكتابة هي صورة لهذا الإنسان في صيرورته التاريخيّة وهو يجتهد في أن يكتب وجوده على الحجر والشجر ثمّ جلود الحيوان وصولا إلى الورق الذي عرف بدوره تطوّرا مذهلا من العصور الوسطى وبعد الثورة التكنولوجيّة إلى اليوم في إخراجه على أحسن وجه شيئا فشيئا .

ننشغل في هذا المقال بالكتابة بوصفها فعلا إنسانيّا ووجوديّا استقطب اهتمام العرب القدامى، لاسيما في مجال الأدب وذلك من خلال النظر على وجه الخصوص في الفعل الكتابي في بثّه وتقبّله ومن خلال علاقته بالأدوات التقليدية المستعملة في الكتابة مثل الحبر والورق والقلم. ولم يمنعنا اعتمادنا على مدوّنة عربيّة قديمة من رصد التحوّلات التي عرفتها الكتابة بانتقالها إلى المرحلة الالكترونيّة لما في ذلك من أهميّة، لا يمكن فيها فصل الحديث عن القديم . ونعني بالكتابة في هذا السياق دلالتها الأولى التي أطلق عليها العرب القدامى تحبيرا (من الحبر) دون أن نهمل دلالتها الحافة في معنى الكتابة الإنشائيّة الإبداعيّة التي تجد أفضل تعبيرا لها في الأدب. وإذا كنّا قد انشغلنا بصفة خاصة بنظريّة العرب في الكتابة من خلال الجاحظ على وجه الخصوص وتتبّع رموز أدواتها في المتخيّل العربي الإسلامي بالتفكيك والتحليل والتأويل، فإنّنا لم نهمل الإشكالات التي تعيشها الكتابة العربيّة المعاصرة في دلالتيها المذكورتين في عصر العولمة الالكترونيّة محاولين -لفهمها- الاستفادة أكثر ما يمكن من المعارف الانتروبولوجيّة الحديثة متسلحين في ذلك بأهم المناهج التحليلية الدقيقة، لنقف على أهمّ التداعيات النفسيّة والثقافيّة -من وجهة نظر انتروبولجية- على الكاتب الباث والقارئ المتقبّل.
الحجاج في كتاب النحو العربي للدكتور إبراهيم السامرائي
Authors: Taha Mayassa Waleed
Published: March 2022

إن الطبيعة العقلية للنحو العربي تفرض الجانب الحجاجي على كل من يرفض آراء النحاة المنطقية ، أو يحاول التجديد في أبوابه سعيا لتيسيره ومن تلك المحاولات كتاب النحو، نقد وبناء للدكتور إبراهيم السامرائي.

لقد رصد البحث أساليبا  حجاجية بني عليها كتاب النحو العربي بوصفه نقد وبناء ، وهو نقد قائم على الرفض والمناقشة والحوار لبناء فكري نحوي ينظر الى اللغة بأنها علم يحاكي سائر العلوم في تطورها وتجددها وذلك ما يحكمه الفكر الفلسفي الذي اعتمده النحاة في مؤلفاتهم ،إذ تأثروا بمناقشات الأصوليين وتحليلات المتكلمين.

جاءت هذه الدراسة على محورين ، أحدهما: تناول أساليب الحجاج ، والآخر: تناول تجليات الحجاج ، وذلك انطلاقا من قول السامرائي: (( لقد جريت في هذا البحث على نقد النحو القديم لأظهر ما فيه من مواد وأساليب ليست منه ، ولأوقف القارئ على ما يمكن ان يعرفه من العلم النحوي ليميز بين الصحيح وغير الصحيح )) ما يكشف عن احتجاجه على آراء القدماء وفق ما يحكمه الاستعمال اللغوي الحديث .
Happiness swings between free will and divine providence in Voltaire's novel " Zaidik or Destiny "
Authors: Hamood Mohamed Yassir
Published: March 2022

" Zadig ou la destinée " est un conte oriental, avec des noms arabes chatouillant la curiosité des orientalistes assoiffés de découvrir cette contrée. Ce conte est échelonné sur vingt-et-unchapitres qui allient intérêt et plaisir. Une foule dʼaventures surprenantes se reproduisent comme des poupées russes jusquʼà ce quʼelles atteignent le but tant souhaité par le protagoniste, qui est le bonheur. Zadig possède toutes les raisons pour lʼêtre, mais ni sa fortune et sa jeunesse, ni son beau et sa gentillesse ne peuvent le secourir sans lʼintervention de la Providence. Voici les thèmes autour desquels tourne notre recherche. A vrai dire, Voltaire sʼest aventuré à traiter le problème philosophe et social le plus problématique qui soit. Il peut revêtir autant de conceptions quʼil y a dʼhommes sur la terre et de surplus nʼa aucun dénominateur commun. Plus le temps passe et la vie se brouille et sʼenchevêtre, plus le crédit de ce conte augmente aux yeux de ceux qui sʼy cramponnent tel un remède palliatif.

     Puis " Zadig ou la destinée " franchit les frontières de la littérature pour pénétrer dans les domaines de la philosophie, de la théologie, de la sociologie ainsi que lʼéthique et la politique. Mais par son art, son expertise et sa sagacité, Voltaire a pu marcher aisément dans un champ de mines sans rien risquer.

     Les événements de ce conte se déroulent sur trois scènes, à partir de Babylone, puis lʼEgypte pour finir par lʼArabie. Durant ses déplacements, Zadig a essuyé de toutes sortes de souffrances et une déception démesurée de la part des hommes qui ont essayé de le trahir et lʼenvoyer à lʼenfer . Cependant, ces aventures didactiques et éducatives étaient ses " fleurs du mal"; il a partout rencontré le déni en échange à sa charité. Ce héros a rencontré tout cela avec patience et endurance jusquʼà la fin de lʼaffaire quand il est devenu le roi honorable de Babylone avec sa bien-aimée, la reine Astarté.

      Voltaire professe la croyance en un Dieu unique qui gère le système cosmique avec sagesse et équité. Cette Omnipotence, qui nous dépasse et à laquelle nous devons obéir avec crainte et modestie, dispose de ce que les êtres humains proposent.

     Zadig a appris que le libre arbitre est relatif; et ce que  lʼon croit hasard ne lʼest pas ainsi ; plutôt cʼest le jugement équitable de la Providence .  Aussi a-t-il fini par croire quʼil nʼy a point de mal gratuit ; du mal pourrait naître le bien.

     Enfin, " Zadig ou la destinée " adresse un message de valeur à tout aspirant au bonheur et à la tranquillité de ne point chercher à savoir ni le comment ni le pourquoi de ce qui lui arrive.

     Cette recherche est divisée en cinq thèmes principaux :

LʼOrient chez Voltaire.

Lʼactualité des thèmes voltairiens.

La chasse au bonheur.

Aventures didactiques et éducatives.

La liberté individuelle et la Théodicée.

     Dans cette étude, nous utilisons la méthode thématique, explicative et analytique.
On the antifragility-based economic sustainability – a crucial lesson from Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dinga Emil , Ionescu Gabriela-Mariana
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is a non-economic, external, and unpredictable shock that directly affects the real economy, having the potential to degenerate into an economic and financial crisis. The paper's aim is to find an institutional and structural way by which the economies could manage such shocks without covering unspecified risks or handling unknown uncertainties. In fact, the paper proposes a sui generis immune system of the economy which consists in endowing that economy with an anti-fragile potential to oppose against perturbations (either external or internal), no matter either of their kind, or their intensity, and even to gain from those perturbations. The proposal is analogous, from a structural and functional point of view, with the biological immune mechanism, but it is designed on an institutional basis (both discretionary and automatic). The anti-fragility property is more relevant and productive than other similar properties as robustness, resilience, homeostasis, and so on.
Student performance: is there difference between traditional and distance learning?
Authors: Banjević Koviljka , Gardasevic Banjević , Nastasic Aleksandra , Radivojevic Vladan
Published: March 2022

Like traditional, distance learning has to be effectively designed to ensure the achievement of learning outcomes. Many studies have examined student performance in a well-prepared distance learning environment, but just a few are addressed to the situation that required prompt transition from traditional to distance learning (like that one caused by Covid-19). The purpose of this study is to compare student performance in the traditional and unprepared distance learning environment. Chi-square and correlation analysis were performed to answer if statistically significant difference existed in student performance between two modalities. The results of this study may contribute to present and future researches, legislation in the area of Higher Education, Higher Education Institutions and teachers when creating distance courses.
Bidirectional ACO intelligent fire evacuation route optimization
Authors: Wang Jingfang
Published: March 2022

Cities are in a period of rapid urban development and high-rise buildings are constantly emerging. The characteristics of a fire in a high-rise building are the rapid spread of the fire, the difficulty of fighting the fire, and the difficulty of evacuation. Intelligent fire evacuation requires dynamic planning of paths in fire field, it is necessary to automatically adjust the evacuation route in the building according to the real-time information of the fire. In this paper, an improved bidirectional ant colony algorithm is proposed to optimize fire evacuation routes. In order to improve the global search capability of the algorithm, a bidirectional search strategy with the A* algorithm is designed for the ant colony algorithm, the blindness of the algorithm is reduced in the initial search, the pheromone update strategy is improved, and the convergence speed of the algorithm is increased. The fire scene information is combined with the steering penalty coefficient to improve the algorithm’s evaporation coefficient, heuristic function and transition probability, avoid the risk of falling into the local optimum, improve the search efficiency of the algorithm and the smoothness of the path, and effectively avoid areas affected by the fire. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation.
A modified classical-quantum model for diabetic foot ulcer classification
Authors: Amin Javeria , Anjum Muhammad Almas , Sharif Abida , Sharif Muhammad Imran
Published: March 2022

DFU is one of the most spreading diseases now day approximately more than one million patients suffer due to this disease. Undergo the procedure of removing their lower limb of the body due to the reason that they are not able enough to recognize this disease and get proper treatment from the doctors or physicians. Therefore, there is an urgent need of developing a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system that can easily detect Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). Therefore, in this study, a pre-trained ResNet-50 model and modified classical-quantum model are utilized for diabetic foot ulcer classification into corresponding classes such as normal/abnormal and ischaemia/non-ischaemia. The presented approach achieved classification accuracy is greater than 0.90 on abnormal/normal, ischaemia/non-ischaemia, and infection and non-infection foot images. The reported results depict that the proposed method outperformed as compared to recently published work in the domain of diabetic foot ulcers.
A fusion based land cover classification model using remote sensed images
Authors: Sahu Madhusmita , Dash Rasmita
Published: March 2022

Classification of land cover from remote sensed image is quite challenging task. Since the satellite images preserve spatial and spectral information, thus it is essential to identify the land cover classes and classify them to generate the thematic map. The remote sensed images and thus produced thematic maps are useful for extracting the esteemed information in diagnosing, supervising, and management of earth’s surface. In this paper, a multiclass land cover classification model is proposed that comprise of pre-processing method, a multiclass classifier and performance evaluation strategy. The land cover-based satellite images are applied to this model to generate a land cover map labelled with seven land cover classes. The morphological opening, closing, and a fusion technique are involved in pre-processing stage to extract the spatial information as well as reduce the incurred noise from the input image. Then a supervised classification methodology is introduced to classify the image into 7 number of land cover classes based on the spectral values of each pixel of the image. The overall achievement of the proposed model is compared with some existing multiclass supervised and unsupervised classification techniques such as Naïve Bayes classifier (NBC), Decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), Convolution Neural Network (CNN).
Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Association with Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, Hypertension, and Diabetes in a Large Cohort of Women with Breast Cancer and with up to 26 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Du Xianglin L. , Song Lulu , Schulz Paul E. , Xu Hua , Chan Wenyaw
Published: March 2022

Background: No study on the long-term incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) has been reported in women with breast cancer by vascular diseases. Objective: To determine the risk of ADRD in association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, hypertension, and diabetes in women with breast cancer. Methods: Study identified 246,686 women diagnosed with breast cancer at age≥65 years in 1991–2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Women were free of ADRD at the time of cancer diagnosis and followed from 1991 to 2016. Results: Cumulative incidence of AD over 26 years of follow-up varied from 10.7% to 13.6% by CVD, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes. Cumulative incidence of ADRD was higher in those with CVD (40.75%) versus no-CVD (31.32%), stroke (40.24%) versus no-stroke (31.34%), hypertension (33.06%) versus no-hypertension (30.47%), and diabetes (33.38%) versus no-diabetes (31.77%). After adjusting for confounders, those with CVD (hazard ratio:1.30, 95% CI: 1.27–1.33), stroke (1.50,1.47–1.54), hypertension (1.08,1.06–1.09), and diabetes (1.26,1.24–1.29) had significantly higher risks of developing ADRD. Women aged 80–84, and≥85 had 5- and 7-fold higher risks of AD than those aged 65–69. As compared to white women, black women had a significantly higher risk of AD (1.21, 1.16–1.27), whereas Asians/Pacific-Islanders had a significantly lower risk of AD (0.77, 0.71–0.83). Conclusion: In women with breast cancer, CVD, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with a significantly higher risk of developing any ADRD combined. The risk of ADRD was higher in black women and lower in Asian/Pacific-Islanders than white women.
Analysis of winding MMF of PMSM with multi-phase and multi-layer layout using holospectrum method
Authors: Chen Qixu , Li Guoli , Qian Zhe , Cao Wenping , Wang Qunjing
Published: March 2022

A holographic spectrum method (HSM) of multi-phase and multi-layer winding magnetomotive force (MMF) for 12-slot/10-pole combination with fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) is proposed in this paper. Taking two kinds of traditional winding layout as example, amplitude and phase distribution of the vth harmonic are calculated. The holospectrum of the multi-phase and multi-layer winding are derived based on three-phase single-layer (TP-SL) and three-phase double-layer (TP-DL) holospectrum theory. Then the finite element method (FEM) is used to validate the resultant winding MMF calculated by the holospectrum method. Results show that two methods have a good consistency in changing tendency. Prototype manufacture and test of axial-flux PMSM with a double-three-phase four-layer (DTP-FL) winding have been completed. A load experiment with two groups of resistance is established to validate its output power of axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The temperature distribution of axial-flux PMSM is evaluated with PT100 and infrared thermal imager. The experiments shows that the axial-flux PMSM runs at a relative temperature rise.
Electromagnetic interference shielding performance calculate model for double layer shielded cable connector in EV
Authors: Li Lihui , Li Xu , Li Weikang , Fu Jinghua , Wu Xiaoshan , Zhao Heming , Chen Yong
Published: March 2022

Due to the high voltage and high current working characteristics of EV driving system, strong electromagnetic interference is formed in the working process, and the shielding effectiveness of the high-voltage connector assembly connecting each part of the driving system is directly related to the level of its electromagnetic interference emission. The high-voltage connector is usually made by triaxial method. However, due to the influence of sample coupling length and cutoff frequency, the triaxial method is prone to produce a region of more than 25 MHz, resulting in test failure. Therefore, modeling analysis of the shielding effectiveness of the connector assembly in the early stage is crucial for the final development of a connector assembly with good shielding effectiveness. In this paper, an analytical optimization model named Z TD- Demoulin is proposed to calculate the transfer impedance value of the dynamic shielded wire (double-layer shielded) of the electric vehicle. The model takes into account the influence of the double-layer shielded cable (braided-belt and aluminum foil) on the DC resistance and small-hole inductance of the shielding layer, and analyzes the transfer impedance value which presents the shielding effectiveness of the connector assembly. Based on the double-layer shield optimization model, an optimization model of high-voltage connector assembly is established. This established model takes into account the influence of connector contact resistance and inductance value. Comparison between the triaxial coaxial method and the established model found that when K connector = 6 K cable, the fitting effect of the model was the best and the transfer impedance value above 25 MHz could be predicted.