bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wild food plant use in 21st century Europe: the disappearance of old traditions and the search for new cuisines involving wild edibles
Authors: Łuczaj Łukasz , Pieroni Andrea , Tardío Javier , Pardo-de-Santayana Manuel , Sõukand Renata , Svanberg Ingvar , Kalle Raivo
Published: November 2012

The aim of this review is to present an overview of changes in the contemporary use of wild food plants in Europe, mainly using the examples of our home countries: Poland, Italy, Spain, Estonia and Sweden. We set the scene referring to the nutrition of 19th century peasants, involving many famine and emergency foods. Later we discuss such issues as children's wild snacks, the association between the decline of plant knowledge and the disappearance of plant use, the effects of over-exploitation, the decrease of the availability of plants due to ecosystem changes, land access rights for foragers and intoxication dangers. We also describe the 20th and 21st century vogues in wild plant use, particularly their shift into the domain of haute-cuisine.
Aporte e decomposição de serapilheira em Floresta Periodicamente Inundável na Restinga da Marambaia, RJ
Authors: Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Silva Avelino Nogueira , Paula Ranieri Ribeiro , Menezes Luiz Fernando Tavares
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985079As áreas de restingas são ambientes frágeis, que desde a colonização do país, vêm sendo submetidas a pressões antrópicas. Para que medidas mitigatórias possam ser tomadas, é necessário que sejam desenvolvidos estudos para uma melhor compreensão dos processos ecológicos nestes ambientes. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar o aporte de serapilheira e nutrientes e sua decomposição numa floresta periodicamente inundada na restinga da Marambaia, RJ. Na área foram instalados dez coletores cônicos e 30 litter bags. O aporte anual de serapilheira foi de 7,64 Mg.ha-1, sendo setembro o mês de maior aporte. O nitrogênio foi o elemento devolvido ao solo em maior quantidade (71,9 kg ha-1 ano-1), seguido pelo potássio (41,1 kg ha-1 ano-1). A velocidade de decomposição da serapilheira foi de 0,0015 g g-1 dia-1 e o tempo de meia vida de 462 dias. O K foi o elemento que apresentou as maiores perdas em comparação ao demais. A celulose apresentou-se como maior participante na estrutura da serapilheira foliar, seguida pela lignina, sendo essa última associada à textura coriácea das folhas nesta formação.
Óleo essencial de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden no estímulo à micorrização de mudas de sibipiruna (Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth.)
Authors: Steffen Ricardo Bemfica , Antoniolli Zaida Inês , Steffen Gerusa Pauli Kist , Silva Rodrigo Ferreira da
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985080Os metabólitos secundários extraídos de espécies florestais formadoras de ectomicorrizas podem estimular a simbiose entre fungos ectomicorrízicos e espécies florestais nativas do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do óleo essencial de eucalipto na formação de associação ectomicorrízica e no crescimento de mudas de sibipiruna, em condições de casa de vegetação. Plântulas de sibipiruna foram submetidas a quatro tratamentos constituídos pela presença e ausência do inóculo ectomicorrízico Pisolithus microcarpus (Cooke & Massee) e aplicação ou não do óleo essencial de eucalipto. O óleo essencial foi solubilizado e aplicado com pulverizador manual nos períodos de 0, 7 e 14 dias a contar da data de transplante das plântulas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete repetições. Decorridos 90 dias de crescimento, as mudas foram coletadas e avaliou-se altura, diâmetro do colo, comprimento de raízes, massa seca da parte aérea e porcentagem de colonização micorrízica. A aplicação do óleo essencial de eucalipto favoreceu a ocorrência de associação ectomicorrízica, com Pisolithus microcarpus em mudas de sibipiruna, proporcionando aumento significativo no desenvolvimento da parte aérea das mudas.
Influência de variáveis ambientais sobre o padrão estrutural e florístico do componente arbóreo, em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana em Lages, SC
Authors: Higuchi Pedro , Silva Ana Carolina da , Ferreira Tiago de Souza , Souza Sheila Trierveiler de , Gomes Juliano Pereira , Silva Karina Montibeller da , Santos Kristiana Fiorentin dos , Linke Caroline , Paulino Patrícia da Silva
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985081O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura do componente arbóreo de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana e avaliar a influência de variáveis ambientais sobre os padrões encontrados. A área de estudo situa-se no município de Lages, SC, às margens do Rio Caveiras (27°51'19.20"S e 50°10'33,39"W). O levantamento da vegetação e das variáveis ambientais (características químicas e físicas dos solos, relevo e cobertura do dossel) foi realizado em 50 parcelas permanentes de 20x10 m, alocadas de forma sistemática estratificada no fragmento. Todas as árvores vivas com circunferência ≥ 15,7 cm (medidas a 1,30 m do solo - CAP) foram mensuradas (CAP e altura) e identificadas. Foi calculado o valor de importância (VI) das espécies encontradas, realizada a ordenação das parcelas em função da abundância das espécies, por meio da analise de NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scalling) e plotadas a posteriori as variáveis ambientais significativas no diagrama de ordenação. Foram amostrados 1.843 indivíduos, que totalizaram uma área basal de 36,45 m2/ha, distribuídos em 37 famílias botânicas, 63 gêneros e 92 espécies. As três espécies com os maiores valores de VI foram Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand e Jacaranda puberula Cham. As variáveis que apresentaram maior correlação com a estrutura e a composição florística do componente arbóreo foram o pH, o desnível máximo da parcela e o teor de Mg.
Utilização da madeira de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.) na confecção de chapas de madeira aglomeradas
Authors: Modes Karina Soares , Vivian Magnos Alan , Lilge Daniela Silva , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Santini Elio José , Haselein Clovis Roberto
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985087A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar preliminarmente o potencial de uso da madeira de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.), para produção de chapas de partículas aglomeradas, coladas com adesivos à base de tanino e ureia-formaldeído, utilizados numa proporção de 9% com base no peso seco das partículas. Para cada tratamento, foram confeccionadas três chapas com densidade nominal de 0,63 g/cm³ de onde se extraíram corpos de prova para verificação das propriedades físicas de absorção d'água em peso e volume e inchamento em espessura por 2 e 24 horas de imersão em água, e as propriedades mecânicas de flexão estática (MOE e MOR), arrancamento de parafusos (RAP) e ligação interna (LI), segundo dimensões e procedimentos prescritos pela norma ASTM D-1037. Os resultados dos ensaios físico-mecânicos foram comparados com o padrão estabelecido pelas normas ANSI A208.1-1987 e DIN 68761 (1)-1961, (3)-1971. De uma maneira geral, o uso de adesivo à base de ureia resultou em chapas com tendência a maior absorção d'água, ao passo que os valores de inchamento em espessura para ambos os tratamentos, se mantiveram de acordo com a norma. Com exceção do MOR, os demais valores de resistência dos painéis confeccionados com adesivo à base de ureia-formaldeído ficaram abaixo do mínimo exigido pela norma. Para o adesivo à base de tanino, todas as propriedades foram superiores, com exceção da RAP. Esses resultados evidenciam que a madeira de canafístula, quando agregada com adesivo à base de tanino-formaldeído, pode ser uma fonte alternativa de matéria-prima para a produção de chapas aglomeradas.
Estabelecimento e desenvolvimento in vitro de Eugenia involucrata DC.: influência do tipo de explante e do meio nutritivo
Authors: Golle Diego Pascoal , Reiniger Lia Rejane Silveira , Curti Aline Ritter , León Enrique Astério Benítez
Published: November 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985092Apresentando diversas características de interesse nos setores da silvicultura, fruticultura, meio ambiente e medicinal, Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) é uma espécie florestal nativa de vários Estados brasileiros. Considerada a dificuldade da propagação por sementes, que são recalcitrantes, perdendo rapidamente sua viabilidade após a colheita, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência do uso de segmentos apicais e nodais cultivados em diferentes meios nutritivos no estabelecimento e no desenvolvimento in vitro desta espécie. Segmentos apicais e nodais coletados em plantas de três anos de idade, mantidas em casa de vegetação, foram inoculados nos meios nutritivos MS, ½ MS e WPM. Em um primeiro momento, adicionaram-se aos meios de cultura 1 μM de ANA e 5 μM de TDZ e, após, os explantes foram transferidos para frascos contendo os respectivos meios nutritivos frescos, na ausência de reguladores de crescimento, mas com o acréscimo de 1 g L-1 de carvão ativado, sendo cultivados por 30 dias adicionais. Os meios ½ MS e WPM são adequados para o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento in vitro a partir do cultivo de segmentos nodais, enquanto que, com segmentos apicais, é apropriado o meio ½ MS. O meio ½ MS possibilitou os melhores índices de enraizamento nos explantes, juntamente com o meio WPM. O estabelecimento e o enraizamento in vitro foram promovidos pelo cultivo de segmentos apicais e nodais de Eugenia involucrata DC. Os meios nutritivos ½ MS e WPM são apropriados para o cultivo in vitro de segmentos nodais de E. involucrata, recomendando-se o meio ½ MS pela economia e praticidade. Para segmentos apicais, o uso do meio de cultura ½ MS é mais adequado que o dos meios MS e WPM.
“A Limp with Rhythm“: Convergent Choreographies in Black Atlantic Time
Authors: Hutchinson Sydney
Published: November 2012

Until at least the 1980s, scholarship on Caribbean carnivals tended to overemphasize European roots because of the celebration's ties to the Christian calendar. Meanwhile, scholarship on Caribbean music has long been embroiled in nationalistic paradigms that have hindered a view of the Caribbean as a cultural region with more commonalities than differences among the music cultures of the various nations (see Bilby 1985). In this paper, I combat these paradigms with the concept of convergence, an alternative to the problematic “syncretism.” It is complementary to current notions of creolization and hybridity, but unlike those concepts, it serves to emphasize the construction of cultural meaning over biological notions of race or ethnicity.
Reconstruction of the Head and Neck Region Using Lower Trapezius Musculocutaneous Flaps
Authors: Yoon Soo Kwang , Song Seung Han , Kang Nakheon , Yoon Yeo-Hoon , Koo Bon Seok , Oh Sang-Ha
Published: November 2012

Background Recent literature has indicated that free flaps are currently considered the preferred choice for head and neck reconstruction. However, head and neck cancer patients are frequently treated with chemoradiotherapy, which is often associated with a poor general and local condition, and thus, such patients are ineligible for free flap reconstruction. Therefore, other reconstruction modalities should be considered.

Methods We used lower trapezius musculocutaneous (LTMC) flap based on the dorsal scapular artery to reconstruct head and neck defects that arose from head and neck cancer in 8 patients. All of the patients had undergone preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Results There were no complications except one case of partial flap necrosis; it was treated with secondary intention. Healing in the remaining patients was uneventful without hematoma, seroma, or infection. The donor sites were closed primarily.

Conclusions The LTMC flap is the preferred flap for a simple, reliable, large flap with a wide arc of rotation and minor donor-site morbidity. The authors recommend this versatile island flap as an alternative to microvascular free tissue transfer for the reconstruction of defects in the head and neck region, for patients that have undergone preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
Innervated Cross-Finger Pulp Flap for Reconstruction of the Fingertip
Authors: Lee Nae-Ho , Pae Woo-Sik , Roh Si-Gyun , Oh Kwang-Jin , Bae Chung-Sang , Yang Kyung-Moo
Published: November 2012

Background Fingertip injuries involving subtotal or total loss of the digital pulp are common types of hand injuries and require reconstruction that is able to provide stable padding and sensory recovery. There are various techniques used for reconstruction of fingertip injuries, but the most effective method is functionally and aesthetically controversial. Despite some disadvantages, cross-finger pulp flap is a relatively simple procedure without significant complications or requiring special techniques.

Methods This study included 90 patients with fingertip defects who underwent cross-finger pulp flap between September 1998 and March 2010. In 69 cases, neurorrhaphy was performed between the pulp branch from the proper digital nerve and the recipient's sensory nerve for good sensibility of the injured fingertip. In order to evaluate the outcome of our surgical method, we observed two-point discrimination in the early (3 months) and late (12 to 40 months) postoperative periods.

Results Most of the cases had cosmetically and functionally acceptable outcomes. The average defect size was 1.7×1.5 cm. Sensory return began 3 months after flap application. The two-point discrimination was measured at 4.6 mm (range, 3 to 6 mm) in our method and 7.2 mm (range, 4 to 9 mm) in non-innervated cross-finger pulp flaps.

Conclusions The innervated cross-finger pulp flap is a safe and reliable procedure for lateral oblique, volar oblique, and transverse fingertip amputations. Our procedure is simple to perform under local anesthesia, and is able to provide both mechanical stability and sensory recovery. We recommend this method for reconstruction of fingertip injuries.
Elbow Reconstruction Using Island Flap for Burn Patients
Authors: Hur Gi Yeun , Song Woo Jin , Lee Jong Wook , Lee Hoon Bum , Jung Sung Won , Koh Jang Hyu , Seo Dong Kook , Choi Jai Ku , Jang Young Chul
Published: November 2012

Background Deep burns of the elbow lead to soft tissue necrosis and infection, with exposure of deep structures. Adequate wound coverage of this area requires thin, pliable, and durable tissue, while optimal functional recovery requires early coverage and functional rehabilitation. We have found 3 types of island flaps that provide reliable coverage for the elbow.

Methods A retrospective study was performed on all patients who underwent flap coverage of an elbow defect at our hospital. The patients' data including age, sex, cause of injury, wound dimensions, timing of flap coverage, postoperative elbow motion, and complications were investigated.

Results Between 2001 and 2012, 16 patients were treated at our hospital. The mean age was 53.3 years. Three kinds of flaps were performed: 9 latissimus dorsi flaps, 4 lateral arm flaps, and 4 radial forearm flaps. The average defect size was 183.5 cm2 (range, 28 to 670 cm2). Wound coverage was performed at mean duration of 45.9 days (range, 14 to 91 days). The mean postoperative active elbow flexion was 98° (range, 85° to 115°). Partial flap failure occurred in 1 latissimus dorsi flap. Minor complications included partial flap loss (11.8%), hematoma (23.5%), seroma (35.3%), and wound infection (5.9%).

Conclusions Flap selection for elbow reconstruction is determined by the defect size and the extent of the adjacent tissue injury. Elbow reconstruction using an island flap is a single-staged, reliable, and relatively simple procedure that permits initiation of early rehabilitation, thereby improving a patient's functional outcome.
The SHE programme: a European initiative to improve the care of women living with HIV
Authors: Johnson M , Miralles C
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the study

In Europe, the number of women living with HIV is increasing, but data are limited and guidelines scarce. HIV care poses unique challenges for women living with HIV and their healthcare providers. The SHE programme is a response to these unmet needs. SHE supports women living with HIV to feel empowered to get the most from their healthcare services and provides education to healthcare providers. The objective of SHE is to improve the quality of life of women living with HIV.

Methods

SHE is run by a community faculty and a scientific faculty. Both faculties include women living with HIV and healthcare professionals. SHE scientific faculty reviewed available data pertaining to HIV in women. Data gaps were validated and prioritised at a scientific meeting held in June 2011, attended by 80 invited delegates from 13 European countries. SHE community faculty held advisory workshops to examine the challenges faced by women living with HIV. Following these activities, medical and community toolkits have been developed. To integrate scientific and community activities, ‘SHE units’ are being launched at specific sites. Each SHE unit will be a multidisciplinary team working to improve and promote best clinical practice.

Summary of results

The scientific faculty identified five key topics: 1. situation of women with HIV in Europe; 2. challenges of testing; 3. antiretroviral treatment (ART); 4. women with HIV of childbearing age; and 5. long‐term treatment. The highest priority gaps were guidance on the management of women living with HIV, coordination of registries of ART in pregnant women, and more gender‐specific data. An educational ‘medical toolkit’ has been developed including an overview of current data on these topics and a summary of continuing data gaps. A peer support toolkit has been developed for women living with HIV who wish to facilitate peer support sessions. The toolkit includes topics such as diagnosis, accessing healthcare, relationships, and HIV treatment, and was launched at the 2011 IAS Conference. The toolkit is online at http://www.shetoshe.org and being translated into seven European languages. SHE units have been established in France, Germany and Portugal. Additional units are planned across Europe.

Conclusions

SHE is a successful ongoing programme providing education and support in clinical and community settings to improve the care of women living with HIV. SHE is integrated to reflect both patient and physician perspectives.
Circular Dichroism in Protein Folding Studies
Authors: Clarke David T.
Published: November 2012

Protein folding is a biological process of both fundamental significance and practical importance, and protein misfolding is implicated in a number of serious diseases of both humans and animals. The study of protein folding requires a technique that is able to monitor changes in protein structure in solution, with millisecond time resolution. Ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) is such a technique, providing information on both secondary and tertiary protein structure. This unit describes the procedures for performing CD experiments for the study of protein folding, and identifies commonly encountered problems and their solutions. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 70:28.3.1‐28.3.17. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adaptation of Stem Cells to 96‐Well Plate Assays: Use of Human Embryonic and Mouse Neural Stem Cells in the MTT Assay
Authors: Behar Rachel Z. , Bahl Vasundhra , Wang Yuhuan , Weng Jo‐Hao , Lin Sabrina C. , Talbot Prue
Published: November 2012

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are difficult to adapt to 96‐well plate assays, such as the MTT assay, because they survive best when plated as colonies, which are not easily counted and plated accurately. Two methods were developed to address this problem. In the first, ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi) was used, which allows accurate counting and plating of single hESC. In the second, small colonies were plated without ROCKi but with adaptations for accurate counting and plating. The MTT assay was also adapted for use with mouse neural stem cells. These methods allow the MTT assay to be conducted rapidly and accurately with high reproducibility between replicate experiments. When screening volatile chemicals in a 96‐well plate, vapor effects may occur and dose ranges must be carefully defined. The methods were validated using the NIH assay guidance tool. These methodss could readily be translated to other 96‐well plate assay. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 23:1C.13.1‐1C.13.21. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Variability of Poisson's Ratio and Enhanced Ductility in Amorphous Metal
Authors: Liss Klaus‐Dieter , Qu Dongdong , Yan Kun , Reid Mark
Published: November 2012

Ductile bulk metallic glass of composition 53.0Zr–18.7Cu–12.0Ni–16.3Al (at%) is plastically deformed under uniaxial compression and observed in situ by synchrotron high‐energy X‐ray diffraction. The diffraction patterns reveal the induced atomic strain is orientation dependent. At the onset of plastic deformation, the atomic strain in the compression direction saturates to a close‐nearest‐neighbor distance while atoms relax in the transverse direction. The ever increasing transverse atomic strain expresses in an augmentation of the apparent Poisson's ratio up to ν = 0.5, which is consistent with volume conservation. Contradicting phenomena from linear mechanics, such as the non‐vanishing shear modulus at ν = 0.5 can be explained by the non‐affine character of the deformation, giving rise to characteristics of a localized martensitic phase transformation. The findings explain the often‐reported phenomena such as, the high Poisson's ratio values found in metallic glasses, the partially liquid character of the structure, the free volume increase and the Bauschinger effect.
Effect of Polymer Crystallinity in P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells on Band Gap Trap States and Apparent Recombination Order
Authors: Spoltore Donato , Oosterbaan Wibren D. , Khelifi Samira , Clifford John N. , Viterisi Aurelien , Palomares Emilio , Burgelman Marc , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk , Manca Jean
Published: November 2012

The non‐geminate recombination of charge carriers in polymer‐fullerene solar cells has been modeled in the last few years with a trap‐assisted recombination model, which states that the apparent recombination order depends on the concentration of trapped charges tailing into the band gap. Higher concentrations of trapped charges lead to higher apparent recombination orders. In this work, the mass fractionfof highly crystalline nanofibrillar P3HT to the total P3HT content in P3HT:PCBM solar cells is consistently varied, controlling the temperature of a nanofibers‐P3HT casting dispersion. A systematic study of the apparent recombination order, measured with a transient photovoltage technique, as a function offis presented. A correlation is shown between the apparent recombination order, the P3HT crystallinity, and the trap concentration in the band gap measured with an admittance spectroscopy technique.
Good clinical activity and favorable toxicity profile of once weekly bortezomib, fotemustine, and dexamethasone (B‐MuD) for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Mangiacavalli Silvia , Pochintesta Lara , Pascutto Cristiana , Cocito Federica , Cazzola Mario , Corso Alessandro
Published: November 2012

Since multiple myeloma (MM) is still not‐curable, the management of relapse remains challenging. Given the known efficacy of alkylating agents in MM, we conducted a phase I/II study to test a new three drug combination in which Fotemustine (Muphoran), an alkylating agent of nitrosurea family, was added to bortezomib + dexamethasone backbone (B‐MuD) for the treatment of MM relapsed patients. Fotemustine was administered at two dose levels (80–100 mg/m2 i.v.) on day 1. The original 21‐day schedule was early amended for extra‐hematological toxicity and a 35‐day schedule was adopted (Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, Dexamethasone 20 mg i.v. on days 1, 8, 15, and 22) for a total of six courses. Twenty‐four patients were enrolled. The maximum tolerated dose of Fotemustine was 100 mg/m2. The overall response rate was of 62% (CR 8%, VGPR 33%, and PR 21%). The median OS was 28.5 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 19.1 months. B‐MuD resulted effective in patients previous exposed to bortezomib without difference of response (P = 0.25) and PFS (P = 0.87) when compared to bortezomib‐naive patients. Thrombocytopenia was the most common AE overall. In conclusion, B‐MuD is an effective and well tolerated combination in relapsed MM patients even in advanced disease phase. © Am. J. Hematol., 88:102–106, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor on oral mucositis induced by intensive chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kim Kyung Im , Kim Ji‐Won , Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Byung‐Su , Bang Soo‐Mee , Kim Inho , Oh Jung Mi , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Lee Jong Seok , Park Seonyang , Kim Byoung Kook
Published: November 2012

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common and debilitating complications in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) oral spray for OM induced by intensive chemotherapy followed by HSCT. Patients were randomly assigned to either the rhEGF group or placebo group. The severity of OM and self‐reported quality of life (QOL) were assessed daily. A total of 58 patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The incidence of NCI grade ≥2 OM was higher in the rhEGF group (78.6% vs. 50%, P = 0.0496). However, the duration of OM in patients with NCI grade ≥2 tended to be shorter in the rhEGF group (8.5 days vs. 14.5 days, P = 0.262). The QOL analysis in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade ≥3 OM showed that rhEGF significantly reduced limitations in swallowing (P = 0.039) and drinking (P = 0.042). The duration of hospitalization (P = 0.047), administration of total parenteral nutrition (P = 0.012), and the usage of opioid analgesics (P = 0.018) were significantly shorter in the rhEGF group with WHO grade ≥3 OM. Adverse events were mild and similar between the two groups. In conclusion, this analysis showed that rhEGF did not reduce the incidence of NCI grade ≥2 OM. However, the patients with WHO grade ≥3 OM in the rhEGF group showed better results compared to the placebo group for several secondary endpoints. Am. J. Hematol. 88:107–112, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three polymorphisms in IRF6 and 8q24 are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Evidence from 20 studies
Authors: Wang Meilin , Pan Yongchu , Zhang Zhengdong , Wang Lin
Published: November 2012

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common craniofacial malformation in humans. Three polymorphisms, rs2235371 and rs642961 in interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), rs987525 on 8q24, have been shown to be associated with NSCL/P risk in several studies. However, the magnitudes of the association varied between studies. We therefore performed a meta‐analysis to investigate this relationship. Two authors independently extracted information on the characteristics of the eligible studies. Either a fixed‐ or a random‐effects model was used to calculate the overall combined risk estimates. Overall, 20 published case–control studies were included in the meta‐analysis. We found that rs2235371 A allele had a significantly decreased risk (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.61–0.88), whereas rs642961 A allele had a significantly increased risk of NSCL/P (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.30–1.59), compared with the G allele. For 8q24 rs987525, the A allele was associated with a significantly increased risk of NSCL/P, compared with the C allele (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.40–2.09). Furthermore, in the stratified analysis by ethnicity and types of NSCL/P, significant associations were still observed in the subgroups of ethnicity and types. Taken together, the results suggest that the IRF6 rs2235371, rs642961, and 8q24 rs987525 polymorphisms are associated with NSCL/P risk. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia interval on chromosome 8p23.1 characterized by genetics and protein interaction networks
Authors: Longoni Mauro , Lage Kasper , Russell Meaghan K. , Loscertales Maria , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. , Baynam Gareth , Bleyl Steven B. , Brady Paul D. , Breckpot Jeroen , Chen Chih P. , Devriendt Koenraad , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Grix Arthur W. , Rope Alan F. , Shimokawa Osamu , Strauss Bernarda , Wieczorek Dagmar , Zackai Elaine H. , Coletti Caroline M. , Maalouf Faouzi I. , Noonan Kristin M. , Park Ji H. , Tracy Adam A. , Lee Charles , Donahoe Patricia K. , Pober Barbara R.
Published: November 2012

Chromosome 8p23.1 is a common hotspot associated with major congenital malformations, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and cardiac defects. We present findings from high‐resolution arrays in patients who carry a loss (n = 18) or a gain (n = 1) of sub‐band 8p23.1. We confirm a region involved in both diaphragmatic and heart malformations. Results from a novel CNVConnect algorithm, prioritizing protein–protein interactions between products of genes in the 8p23.1 hotspot and products of previously known CDH causing genes, implicated GATA4, NEIL2, and SOX7 in diaphragmatic defects. Sequence analysis of these genes in 226 chromosomally normal CDH patients, as well as in a small number of deletion 8p23.1 patients, showed rare unreported variants in the coding region; these may be contributing to the diaphragmatic phenotype. We also demonstrated that two of these three genes were expressed in the E11.5–12.5 primordial mouse diaphragm, the developmental stage at which CDH is thought to occur. This combination of bioinformatics and expression studies can be applied to other chromosomal hotspots, as well as private microdeletions or microduplications, to identify causative genes and their interaction networks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparative study of polyethylene and polyethylene/C60 nanocomposites modified with organic peroxide
Authors: Wan Dong , Xing Haiping , Liu Feng , Wang Lu , Wang Yujie , Tan Haiying , Jiang Zhiwei , Tang Tao
Published: November 2012

Polyethylene (PE)/fullerene C60 nanocomposites, and PE samples for comparison in the presence of 0.1 wt % and 0.3 wt % 2, 5‐dimethyl‐2, 5(tert‐butylperoxy) hexane peroxide (DHBP) were prepared by melt mixing. FTIR characterization showed that reactive C60 could be grafted onto PE chains via a radical mechanism. As a result, the dispersion state of C60 was improved, and the chain extension reaction of PE macroradicals and final topological structures were largely influenced. Linear viscoelastic response of PE and PE/C60 nanocomposites containing the same content of peroxide showed much difference. Furthermore, the results of dynamic time sweep tests demonstrated that the addition of C60 could accelerate chain extension reaction. The presence of C60 could largely improve the thermal stability of PE due to the radical scavenging nature of C60. However, the crystallization behavior, melting behavior and mechanical properties of both PE and PE/C60 samples were mainly determined by the content of peroxide. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Efficient Electroluminescence from Excimers of 1,3,6,8‐Tetrakis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)pyrene
Authors: Chang Zhengfeng , Ye Shanghui , He Bairong , Bei Zirong , Lin Liya , Lu Ping , Chen Bin , Zhao Zujin , Qiu Huayu
Published: November 2012

Excimers are generally considered as detrimental to OLEDs. For pyrene‐based chromophores, however, this is not always true. In this contribution, two new methylated tetraphenylpyrenes, 1,3,6,8‐tetra‐o‐tolylpyrene (TTPy) and 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)pyrene (TDMPPy), were synthesized through Suzuki coupling reactions. TDMPPy absorbs and emits light at longer wavelengths than TTPy due to its more planar conformation and thus better conjugation. TDMPPy is prone to excimer formation, thus leading to a strong bathochromic shift (84 nm) in the photoluminescence spectrum of its film. TDMPPy exhibits efficient electroluminescence originating from pyrene excimers, affording a maximum luminance of 26 670 cd m−2 and a current efficiency as high as 10.8 cd A−1 in a non‐doped OLED (ITO/PEDOT:PSS (50 nm)/NPB (30 nm)/TDMPPy (30 nm)/TPBI (40 nm)/Ca:Ag).
Object‐Directed Imitation in Children With High‐Functioning Autism: Testing the Social Motivation Hypothesis
Authors: Nielsen Mark , Slaughter Virginia , Dissanayake Cheryl
Published: November 2012

Children with autism show clear deficits in copying others' bodily oriented actions whereas their capacity for replicating others' object‐directed actions appears relatively spared. One explanation is that unlike bodily oriented actions, object‐directed actions have tangible, functional outcomes and hence rely far less on social motivations for their production. To investigate this, we compared the performance of a group of children with high‐functioning autism (HFA) and a group of typically developing (TD) children on two distinct object‐directed tasks that are considered highly social: overimitation and synchronic imitation. Our findings were surprising. The HFA children copied all of a modeling adult's actions, including those that had no function or purpose (i.e. they overimitated), and they entered into extended bouts repeating an arbitrary action along with the adult who had a similar object to play with (i.e. they engaged in synchronic imitation). Moreover, they did so at rates indistinguishable from the TD children. This work demonstrates that the capacity and propensity for overimitation and synchronic imitation are intact in children with HFA, and questions whether socially based imitation should be considered an autism‐specific deficit. Autism Res 2012, ●●:●●–●●. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Problem‐solving test: Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of pre‐mrna binding proteins
Authors: Szeberényi‡ József
Published: November 2012

Terms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: transcription, pre‐mRNA, RNA processing, RNA transport, RNA polymerase II, direct and indirect immunofluorescence staining, cell fractionation by centrifugation, oligo(dT)‐cellulose chromatography, washing and elution of the column, ribonuclease, SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western‐blotting, pre‐ribosomal particles, nuclear envelope, heterokaryon, phase contrast microscopy, polyadenylated RNA.
Aryl Hetaryl Ketones and Thioketones as Efficient Inhibitors of Peptidyl‐Prolyl cis‐trans Isomerases
Authors: Hediger Thomas , Frank Walter , Schumann Michael , Fischer Gunter , Braun Manfred
Published: November 2012

A series of 18 differently substituted new aryl hetaryl ketones and thioketones were synthesized in four to six steps from commercial starting materials. The new ketones were evaluated as inhibitors of the peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase hPin1 with Ki values ranging in the one‐digit micromolar to sub‐micromolar numbers. A crystal structure revealed the non‐planar arrangement of the aryl residues at the carbonyl compound and supports the hypothesis that the new compounds might mimic the transition state of the enzymatic conversion.
Physiological Importance of Poly‐(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrates
Authors: Reusch Rosetta N.
Published: November 2012

Poly‐(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrates (PHB), linear polymers of (R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate, are components of all biological cells in which short polymers (<200 monomer residues) are covalently attached to certain proteins and/or noncovalently associated with polyphosphates – inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), RNA, and DNA. The low concentrations, lack of unusual atoms or functional groups, and flexible backbones of this complexed PHB, referred to as cPHB, make them invisible to many analytical procedures; whereas other physical properties – water‐insolubility, high intrinsic viscosity, temperature sensitivity, multiple bonding interactions with other molecules – make them requisite participants in vital physiological processes as well as contributors to the development of certain diseases.
On‐Resin Synthesis of an Acylated and Fluorescence‐Labeled Cyclic Integrin Ligand for Modification of Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)
Authors: Hassert Rayk , Hoffmeister Peter‐Georg , Pagel Mareen , Hacker Michael , Schulz‐Siegmund Michaela , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G.
Published: November 2012

Cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptides show remarkable affinity and specificity to integrin receptors and mediate important physiological effects in tumor angiogenesis. Additionally, they are one of the keyplayers in improving the biocompatibility of biomaterials. The fully biodegradable polymer poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is frequently used for biomedical implants and can be applied as nanoparticles for drug delivery. The aim of this work was the generation of a lipidated c[RGDfK] peptide including a second functionality for coating of hydrophobic PLGA. Therefore, we established a general and straightforward strategy for the introduction of two different modifications into the same c[RGDfK] peptide. This allowed the generation of a palmitoylated integrin‐binding lipopeptide that shows high affinity to PLGA. Additionally, we coupled 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein to the second site for modification to enable sensitive quantification of the immobilized lipopeptide on PLGA. In conclusion, we present a synthesis protocol that enables the preparation of c[RGDfK] lipopeptides with a strong affinity to PLGA and an additional site for modifications. This will provide the opportunity to introduce a variety of effector molecules site‐specifically to the c[RGDfK] lipopeptide, which will enable the introduction of multifunctionality into c[RGDfK]‐coated PLGA devices or nanoparticles.
When Inhibitors Do Not Inhibit: Critical Evaluation of Rational Drug Design Targeting Chorismate Mutase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Munack Steffi , Leroux Vincent , Roderer Kathrin , Ökvist Mats , van Eerde André , Gundersen Lise‐Lotte , Krengel Ute , Kast Peter
Published: November 2012

Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating disease that claims millions of lives every year. Hindered access or non‐compliance to medication, especially in developing countries, led to drug resistance, further aggravating the situation. With current standard therapies in use for over 50 years and only few new candidates in clinical trials, there is an urgent call for new TB drugs. A powerful tool for the development of new medication is structure‐guided design, combined with virtual screening or docking studies. Here, we report the results of a drug‐design project, which we based on a publication that claimed the structure‐guided discovery of several promising and highly active inhibitors targeting the secreted chorismate mutase (*MtCM) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We set out to further improve on these compounds and synthesized a series of new derivatives. Thorough evaluation of these molecules in enzymatic assays revealed, to our dismay, that neither the claimed lead compounds, nor any of the synthesized derivatives, show any inhibitory effects against *MtCM.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Olefins and Carbonyls with the Cluster‐Derived Ruthenium Nanocatalyst in Water
Authors: Indra Arindam , Maity Prasenjit , Bhaduri Sumit , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: November 2012

Ion pairing of [H3Ru4(CO)12]− with the quaternary ammonium groups of water‐soluble poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) gives the precursor of a nanocatalyst for hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation reactions in water. In hydrogenation reactions, “on water” effect is seen for substrates such as cyclohexanones, methyl pyruvate, acetophenone, and safflower oil. With these substrates, higher turnover numbers are obtained in water than in methanol. The cluster‐derived catalyst shows unique chemoselectivity, which is not seen either in a catalyst prepared through ion pairing of [RuCl4]− with the quaternary ammonium groups of the same polymer or in commercial (5 %) Ru/Al2O3. In contrast to Ru/Al2O3, the [RuCl4]−‐derived catalyst, or many other ruthenium‐based catalytic systems, the cluster‐derived catalyst is totally inert toward the hydrogenation of NO2, CN, and aromatic ring functionalities. In water, typical ketones and aldehydes could be reduced by using the cluster‐derived catalyst and formate as the hydrogen donor. Industrially important cyano‐ and nitrobenzyl alcohols could thus be made from the corresponding aldehydes. High‐resolution TEM data suggest that unique chemoselectivity is a result of highly crystalline ruthenium nanoparticles that consist mainly of Ru(1 1 1) crystal planes.
Potent Inhibitors of Malarial Aspartic Proteases, the Plasmepsins, by Hydroformylation of Substituted 7‐Azanorbornenes
Authors: Aureggi Valentina , Ehmke Veronika , Wieland Joerg , Schweizer W. Bernd , Bernet Bruno , Bur Daniel , Meyer Solange , Rottmann Matthias , Freymond Céline , Brun Reto , Breit Bernhard , Diederich François
Published: November 2012

The increasing prevalence of multidrug‐resistant strains of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum requires the urgent development of new therapeutic agents with novel modes of action. The vacuolar malarial aspartic proteases plasmepsin (PM) I, II, and IV are involved in hemoglobin degradation and play a central role in the growth and maturation of the parasite in the human host. We report the structure‐based design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a new generation of PM inhibitors featuring a highly decorated 7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core. While this protonated central core addresses the catalytic Asp dyad, three substituents bind to the flap, the S1/S3, and the S1′ pockets of the enzymes. A hydroformylation reaction is the key synthetic step for the introduction of the new vector reaching into the S1′ pocket. The configuration of the racemic ligands was confirmed by extensive NMR and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. In vitro biological assays revealed high potency of the new inhibitors against the three plasmepsins (IC50 values down to 6 nM) and good selectivity towards the closely related human cathepsins D and E. The occupancy of the S1′ pocket makes an essential contribution to the gain in binding affinity and selectivity, which is particularly large in the case of the PM IV enzyme. Designing non‐peptidic ligands for PM II is a valid route to generate compounds that inhibit the entire family of vacuolar plasmepsins.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Scandium Substitution on the Crystal Structure and Luminescence Properties of LuBO3:Ce3+.
Authors: Wu Yuntao , Ren Guohao , Ding Dongzhou , Pan Shangke , Yang Fan
Published: November 2012

Crystals of Lu1‐xScxBO3:Ce (x = 0.2, 0.5, 0.7) are prepared by the Czochralski method and characterized by single crystal XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and vacuum UV excitation spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Properties of the Orchid Colored Silver(II) Fluoride Cs2AgF4.
Authors: Tong Jianwei , Koehler Juergen , Simon Arndt , Lee Changhoon , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: November 2012

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of AgF2 and CsF (Pt ampule, 600 K, 24 h) and characterized by UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Elasticity, Thermodynamics and High Pressure Behavior of ZnB4O7 and CdB4O7.
Authors: Winkler B. , Castellanos Guzman A. G. , Wiehl L. , Bayarjargal L. , Milman V.
Published: November 2012

The structure of α‐ZnB4O7 is determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag3PO4/SnO2 Semiconductor Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Stability.
Authors: Zhang Lili , Zhang Hengchao , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: November 2012

The title composites are obtained from aqueous solutions of AgOAc, Na2HPO4, and Na2SnO3 at room temperature for 24 h in the dark.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free Conjugate Addition of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds to Enones in BmimNTf2: A Recyclable Synthesis of γ‐Nitro Ketones.
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , Palmieri Alessandro , Ballini Roberto , Gabriele Bartolo
Published: November 2012

The basic anionic moiety of the ionic liquid allows to occur the reaction in the absence of a base.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Organoaluminum Reagents to Aldehydes.
Authors: Fernandez‐Mateos Emilio , Macia Beatriz , Yus Miguel
Published: November 2012

A chiral binaphthyl derivative is used as an efficient catalyst in the present asymmetric addition of organoaluminum reagents to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of an excess of titanium tetraisopropoxide providing products in mostly high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,3′‐Substituted BINAP Derivatives Containing C‐Bound Substituents: Applications in Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions.
Authors: Rankic Danica A. , Parvez Masood , Keay Brian A.
Published: November 2012

Newly synthesized BINAP derivative is proved to be an efficient ligand in the rhodium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of enamides.
ChemInform Abstract: SO42‐/CexZr1‐xO2 ‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐tert‐Butylamides from Various Nitriles under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kahandal Sandeep S. , Kale Sandip R. , Disale Shamrao T. , Jayaram Radha V.
Published: November 2012

A modified Ritter reaction using tert‐butyl acetate as carbocation source and Ce(IV)‐doped, sulfated zirconia as catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Desymmetrization: Synthesis of Five‐Membered‐Ring Compounds Containing All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Okamoto Tatsuya , Mikami Koichi
Published: November 2012

The synthetic value of the present desymmetrization is demonstrated by preparation of some complicated chiral building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Supported Pd(0): An Efficient Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Chemoselective Reduction of Nitroarenes.
Authors: Shil Arun K. , Sharma Dharminder , Guha Nitul Ranjan , Das Pralay
Published: November 2012

The formation of aniline derivatives becomes possible under different conditions in the presence of various reducible functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeise′s Dimer Catalyzed Regioselective Hydration of Homopropargyl Tertiary Ether.
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhu Guili , Huang Xuan , Liu Bo
Published: November 2012

The method represents an alternative to the aldol reaction or the oxa‐Michael reaction to form prochiral tertiary β‐hydroxy ketone derivatives as important building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chiral Monophosphine Ligands Derived from Isomannide and Isosorbide. Application to Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Olefins.
Authors: Ibrahim Houssein , Bournaud Chloee , Guillot Regis , Toffano Martial , Vo‐Thanh Giang
Published: November 2012

Ligand (I) and its endo isomer are prepared via different approaches and tested in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC—Pd(II)—Im (NHC=N‐Heterocyclic Carbene, Im=1‐Methylimidazole) Complex Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Arylboronic Acids with Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides in Water.
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Fang , Li Yao , Li Shuang‐Yan , Xiao Zheng‐Kang , Lu Jian‐Mei
Published: November 2012

The application of a NHC‐metal complex in pure water, which is not developed very popularly to date, is presented for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐Dibenzhydryl‐N‐ (2‐aryliminoacenaphthylenylidene)‐4‐chlorobenzenaminopalladium Dichlorides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Use as Catalysts in the Heck‐Reaction.
Authors: Ban Qing , Zhang Jun , Liang Tongling , Redshaw Carl , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: November 2012

New title compounds exhibit high thermal stability and good activity in Heck cross‐coupling reactions with conversions greater than 90%.
ChemInform Abstract: CuCl‐Catalyzed Radical Cyclization of N‐α‐Perchloroacyl‐ketene‐N,S‐acetals: A New Way to Prepare Disubstituted Maleic Anhydrides.
Authors: Cornia Andrea , Felluga Fulvia , Frenna Vincenzo , Ghelfi Franco , Parsons Andrew F. , Pattarozzi Mariella , Roncaglia Fabrizio , Spinelli Domenico
Published: November 2012

The presented hexa‐atomic cyclic ketene‐N,S‐acetals show the best results in the title reaction compared with penta‐atomic cyclic ketene‐N,S‐acetals and hexa‐atomic cyclic ketene‐N,N‐acetals.