bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morchella esculanta Protein Hidrolizatlarında Anjiotensin Dönüştürücü Enzim I’in Peptid İnhibitörlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: ZEYTÜNLÜOĞLU Ali
Published: October 2019

Mantarlar sağlığa yararlı ve birçok

dejeneratif hastalığa karşı koruyucu çok sayıda aktif bileşen içermelerinden

dolayı alternatif ve tamamlayıcı tıpta terapötik ajanlar olarak

kullanılmaktadır. Morchella esculenta

dünyada yenilebilen en değerli mantar türlerinden biridir. M. esculenta mantarı antimikrobiyal, antiinflamatuvar,

immunostimülatör, antitümör ve antioksidant gibi tıbbi ve farmakolojik

özellikler sergileyen çok sayıda tokoferol, karotenoid, organik asit,

polisakkarit ve fenololik bileşikleri içermektedir. Bu çalışmada M. esculenta mantarının angiotensin

dönüştürücü I (ACE-I) enzimi üzerine inhibitör etkisi incelendi. Mantar

ekstraktından alkalaz enzimi hidrolizi sonrası elde edilen peptid fragmanları

ultrafiltrasyon membranları kullanılarak fraksiyonlandı. Elde edilen

fraksiyonların angiotensin dönüştürücü I (ACE-I) enzimi üzerine inhibitör

etkisi in vitro koşullarda çalışıldı.

Fraksiyonlar içerisinde en yüksek ACE-I inhibisyonu % 94 ile

5kDa<peptidler<10 kDa arasındaki peptidleri içeren fraksiyonda gözlendi.

Bu fraksiyonun ACE-I için IC50 değeri 4,2 µg/ml olarak hesaplandı.

Fraksiyondaki peptid sayısı ve saflığı % 12 SDS-PAGE jel ile belirlendi.

Çalışma sonuçları göstermektedir ki M.

esculenta mantarı hipertansiyon hastalığının önlenmesi ve tedavisinde

kullanılabilecek fonksiyonel peptid türevli gıda bileşenlerine sahiptir.
Yumurtacı Bıldırcınlarda Sıcaklık Stresine Karşı Probiyotik Kullanımının Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: İNCİ Hakan
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma, karma yemlere ilave edilen

farklı oranlarda (% 0, 0,5 ve 1) probiyotik katkısının Japon bıldırcınlarının

(Coturnix coturnix Japonica) bazı kan parametrelerine olan etkisini belirlemek

amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede 56 günlük yaşta 150 adet Japon bıldırcını

kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada Total protein, Glikoz, Kolestrol, LDL-C, Klor,

Sodyum, MDA (malondialdehit), ALT (Alanin Aminotransferaz), LDH (Laktat

Dehidrogenaz) ve Magnezyum değerleri gibi kan parametreleri incelenmiştir.

Deneme sonucuna göre; sıcak stresin maruz bırakılan Japon bıldırcınlarının

rasyonlarına ilave edilen probiyotik kullanımının klor, total protein ve

Malondihaldehit ( MDA) değerlerini önemli (P<0.05)  derecede etkilediği belirlenmiştir.Buna

karşın, glikoz, kolestrol (LDL), LDL-C, sodyum (Na), alanin transaminaz (ALT),

laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), magnezyum (Mg) değerleri üzerine farklı oranlarda

kullanılan probiyotik katkısının herhangi etkisinin olmadığı ve istatistiksel

olarak bir farkın oluşmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Farklı Ekim Zamanlarında Yetiştirilen Nohut Bitkilerinin Kök Büyümesinin Weibull Modeli ile Tahmini
Authors: KARADAVUT Ufuk , SÖZEN Ömer , YAĞMUR Mehmet
Published: October 2019

Bitkisel

üretimde verim öncelikli olarak ele alınan konudur. Ancak verim ele alınırken,

genellikle verime etki eden toprak üstü karakterler dikkate alınmaktadır.

Yapılan bu çalışmada kök büyümesinin bitki büyüme ve gelişmesindeki önemine

bağlı olarak nasıl bir kuru madde birikimi geliştirdiğini belirleyerek bunu

büyüme modeli ile tahminlemeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun için dinamik bir model olan

iki, üç ve dört parametreli Weibull modelleri kullanılmıştır. Bitki materyali

olarak Azkan nohut çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Üç farklı zamanda ekimi yapılan

bitkilerin kökleri alınarak taze ve kuru ağrılıkları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca

büyüme oranı, büküm noktası, büyümenin başlangıç noktası ve üst asimptot

değerleri belirlenmiştir. Karşılaştırma ölçütleri olarak da belirleme katsayısı

     (

), hata kareler ortalamasının karekökü (

) ve ki kare (

) değeri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak gerek kök taze

ağırlığında ve gerekse de kök kuru ağırlıklarında dört parametreli Weibull

modelinin diğer modellere göre daha başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İki

parametreli modelin ise en düşük uyumu gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ekim zamanları

bakımından ise en yüksek tahminleme başarısı ikinci ekim zamanında olurken, en

düşük tahminleme başarısı ise üçüncü ekim zamanında olmuştur.
Formulasi Susu Pengganti dan Evaluasi Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Anak Domba Kembar
Authors: Sudarman Asep , Fatmiati Harun , Khotijah Lilis
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this experiment was to formulate and evaluate milk replacer on the production performance of twin lambs from before weaning to one month after weaning. Three pairs of twin lambs aged two weeks with a body weight of 3.83 ± 0.4 kg were divided into two groups, each consisting of three lambs. The treatments applied were PSI = lamb given mother's milk and PMR = lamb given milk replacer. Pre-weaning dry matter consumption data were analyzed descriptively and other data were analyzed using the T-test. The results showed that the dry matter consumption lambs that were given milk replacers in pre-weaning was 164.18 ± 31.25 g/head/day with the largest proportion coming from milk replacers (61.4%). PSI group lambs had dry matter and energy consumption after weaning, daily gain before and after weaning, and body weight when weaned were significantly higher (P <0.05) than the PMR group lambs. However, the ratio of feed conversion and body weight at 90 days in the two groups of lamb were not significantly different. All lambs were healthy and no one died. It is concluded that formulated milk replacer provides production performance in lambs that are equivalent to lambs fed with mother's milk.
NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA (NKRI)
Authors: tammardhiyah Radhia , siregar adewiyah , Anwari Sovi
Published: October 2019

Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), juga dikenal dengan nama Nusantara yang artinya negara kepulauan. Wilayah NKRI meliputi wilayah kepulauan yang terbentang dari Sabang sampai Merauke. Letak wilayah NKRI berada diantara:1.dua benua, yaitu benua Asia dan benua Australia; serta2.dua samudra. Yaitu samudra Hindia dan samudra Pasifik.Indonesia terletak di benua Asia tepatnya di Asia Tenggara. Wilayah Indonesia berada di: 1.6° lintang utara (LU) – 11° lintang selatan (LS), dan 2.95° bujur timur (BT) – 141° bujur timur (BT).Karna letak wilayah Indonesia di sekitar khatulistiwa, maka Indonesia memiIiki iklim tropis dan memiliki dua musim, yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Pulau-pulau yang termasuk dalam wilayah NKRI berjumlah 17.504 terdiri dari pulau besar dan kecil. Beberapa di antaranya, yaitu 6000 pulau tidak berpenghuni.Wilayah Indonesia terbentang sepanjang 3.977 m di antara Samudra Hindia dan Samudra Pasifik. Luas daratan Indonesia 1.922.570 km2 dan luas perairannya 3.257.483 km2. Pulau dengan jumlah penduduk terpadat adalah pulau Jawa.
NMT Multi-Sense Embeddings per Word
Authors: Jin William
Published: October 2019

Recently, word embeddings have been used in many natural language processing problems successfully and how to train a robust and accurate word embedding system efficiently is a popular research area. Since many, if not all, words have more than one sense, it is necessary to learn vectors for all senses of word separately. Therefore, in this project, we have explored two multi-sense word embedding models, including Multi-Sense Skip-gram (MSSG) model and Non-parametric Multi-sense Skip Gram model (NP-MSSG). Furthermore, we propose an extension of the Multi-Sense Skip-gram model called Incremental Multi-Sense Skip-gram (IMSSG) model which could learn the vectors of all senses per word incrementally. We evaluate all the systems on word similarity task and show that IMSSG is better than the other models.
Data-driven stochastic model for basin and sub-grid variability of SMAP satellite soil moisture
Authors: Jadidoleslam Navid , Mantilla Ricardo , Krajewski Witold F. , Cosh Michael H.
Published: October 2019

This study focused on the utility of coarse surface soil moisture observations for applications that require high resolution surface soil moisture information. This was accomplished by quantifying the information content of average soil moisture for three different spatial scales of 81 km2, 790 km2, and 4,400 km2. In situ point observations of soil moisture from 31 stations in Iowa were used to develop a spatial stochastic model that assumes hillslope-scale model parameters are independent. Soil moisture dry-downs and wetting regimes were analyzed using rain gauge and soil moisture sensor data. The statistical nature of dry-downs were parameterized using a power-law decay, and soil moisture increases due to rainfall were parameterized using a non-dimensional logistic curve that is a function of soil moisture deficit. The resulting stochastic model is used to quantify the magnitude of the standard deviation, σ(θ), and skewness G(θ) as a function of the areal average. We show that the greatest information content (small spatial standard deviation) of average observation corresponded to values near the minimum or the maximum soil moisture with σ(θ) < 5%, while average observations for intermediate soil moisture values had the lowest information content with σ(θ) > 20%. The differences in information content as a function of the areal average were consistent with the statistical nature of soil moisture that can be interpreted as small range bounded variable. However, this study provides quantitative estimates for the magnitude of the sub-grid and basin scale variability, documenting the utility for applications that require high resolution information. These results form the basis for the investigation of spatial runoff production in response to rainfall and to inform plot scale agriculture applications.
Pentingnya Pendidikan Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus
Published: October 2019

Sampah merupakan masalah yang dihadapi hampir seluruh Negara di dunia. Tidak hanya di Negara-negara berkembang, tetapi juga di negara-negara maju, sampah selalu menjadi masalah. Rata-rata setiap harinya kota-kota besar di Indonesia menghasilkan puluhan ton sampah. Dosen mengajarkan untuk selalu membuang sampah pada tempatnya 76% setuju dan 24% tidak sejutu. Dosen selalu mengajak siswa membersihkan kelas sebelum belajar 80% setuju dan 20% tidak setuju. Dosen menerapkan cinta lingkungan bersih 56% sangat setuju, 39% setuju dan 5% tidak setuju. Tidak meniru tindakan orang lain yang membuang sampah sembarangan 50% sangat setuju dan 50% setuju. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dan penelitian yang dilakukan penulis, dapat disimpulkan bahwasannya lembaga pendidikan memiliki peran penting dalam proses penanaman pendidikan wawasan lingkungan kepada peserta didik, dan pendidik senantiasa menjadi penyambung proses nilai-nilai positif berbasis lingkungan kepada peserta didik.
Cognitive and Psychophysical Determinants of Voice Recognition
Authors: Shilowich Bryan , Biederman Irving
Published: October 2019

Voice recognition is a fundamental pathway to person individuation, although typically overshadowed by its visual counterpart, face recognition. There have been no large scale, parametric studies investigating voice recognition performance as a function of cognitive variables in concert with voice parameters. Using celebrity voice clips of varying lengths, 1-4 sec., paired with similar sounding, unfamiliar voice foils, the present study investigated three key voice parameters distinguishing targets from foils -- fundamental frequency, f0 (pitch), subharmonic-to-harmonic ratio, SHR (creakiness), and syllabic rate--in concert with the cognitive variables of voice familiarity and judged voice distinctiveness as they contributed to recognition accuracy at varying clip lengths. All the variables had robust effects in clips as short as 1 sec. Objective measures of distinctiveness, quantified by the distances of each target voice to that target’s sex- based mean for each parameter, showed that sensitivity to distinctiveness increased with familiarity. This effect was most evident on foil trials; at clip lengths of one second and above, f0 and SHR distinctiveness showed no discernible effect on match trials. Speaking rate distinctiveness improved match accuracy, an effect only seen with high familiarity. Recognition accuracy improved with the number of parameters that differed by an amount larger than the median, both in the target-to-foil and target-to-mean voice comparisons. A linear regression model of these three voice parameters, clip length, and subjective measures of distinctiveness and familiarity accounted for 36.7% of the variance in recognition accuracy.
The effect of open plan furniture settings on sustained attention: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Kelly Caroline , Staat Blake , Klenz Erica
Published: October 2019

Current prevalent discourse suggests that open plan offices provide a negative experience for millions of workers. Since a major dissatisfier in the open plan is the increase in distractions and lack of privacy and the associated lack of ability to concentrate, we conceived of a randomized crossover experimental design that would examine how different furniture settings might affect the performance of a task designed to measure sustained attention. Seventy-three participants completed the Sustained Attention Response Task in two sessions, once at an open Bench workstation and once at a semi-shielded Individual Work Environment (IWE), within the open plan. Data was analyzed in a linear mixed model and showed that participants had significantly fewer errors of commission (p=.0004) and an increased response time for Go trials before a failed No-Go trial (p=.0232) at the Individual Work Environment which indicates better sustained attention than at the Bench. An increased response time for go trials was greater at the Bench, though it did not meet the threshold for significance (p=.0893). The theories of resource depletion and social inhibition may help to explain the findings as the Individual Work Environment provides increased privacy and a more relaxed posture, allowing individuals to conserve cognitive resources as the demand to monitor themselves and others in their surroundings is decreased. This research suggests that the open plan can provide increased density, flexibility and proximity while at the same time, better support the need for sustained attention, by offering a range of furniture settings with different affordances.
I’ll make you an offer you can refuse: How socially sensitive is the MFN?
Authors: Spape Michiel , Dundas Kimberley
Published: October 2019

Medial frontal negativity (MFN) is an event-related potential thought to originate in the anterior cingulate cortex. It is evoked by outcomes being worse than expected, such as when presented with unfair economic proposals during the Ultimatum Game (UG). This could mean the MFN indexes a social-emotional response, as commonly suggested in accounts that relate it to a violation of a social norm of fairness. To examine the link between MFN and norm violation, we designed an EEG experiment with participants acting as representatives in an UG. Participants responded either as themselves, or as representatives of two charities. Of these, a norm-compatible charity conformed to the participant’s values, while the norm-incompatible charity contrasted to them. The behavioural results showed that norm-incompatible representation reversed behaviour, with almost all fair offers being declined. The MFN, however, was unaffected by the norm representation, with unfair offers consistently evoking MFNs across conditions. We furthermore replicated the curious finding that unexpectedly generous offers evoke as much MFN as unfair offers. Thus, the MFN is not nearly as sensitive to higher-order social-emotional processes as commonly assumed. Instead, the perceived inequality that drives the MFN is likely due to a rational, probabilistic process.
Sex difference in mate preference based on physical attractiveness in Japan: No longer present or still present?
Authors: Hiraishi Kai , Saito Ayano , Nishio Maki , Fujii Nayu , Mori Takato
Published: October 2019

Since Buss (1989) initiated research in the field, sex differences in preferences for long-term mates have been extensively studied in evolutionary psychology. Numerous studies have reported robust sex differences such as: 1) a preference for a younger mate is stronger in men than women, 2) a preference for an older mate is stronger in women than men, 3) women value traits associated with resource acquisition, such as economic status and educational attainment, more highly than do men, and 4) men value physical attractiveness more highly than women. However, our replication of Bech-Sørensen & Pollet (2016) did not to show a significant sex difference in the preference for physical attractiveness among a Japanese sample while the other sex differences (age differences and resource acquisition abilities) were significant (Study 1). We designed study 2 to test if the non-significance was an artifact of the item used to measure the preference for physical attractiveness. Study 2 showed that the sex differences were not statistically significant. In addition, the effect of sex was significantly smaller than the pre-determined smallest effect size of interest (SESOI). #Pre-registration of the study can be found at https://psyarxiv.com/acy9z
For whom does determinism undermine moral responsibility? Surveying the conditions for free will across cultures
Authors: Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez , Machery Edouard , Rose David , Sousa Paulo , Cova Florian , BUCHTEL Emma Ellen , Berniūnas Renatas , Dranseika Vilius , Jraissati Yasmina , Rosas Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Philosophers have long debated whether, if determinism is true, we should hold people morally responsible for their actions since in a deterministic universe, people are arguably not the ultimate source of their actions nor could they have done otherwise if initial conditions and the laws of nature are held fixed. To reveal how non-philosophers ordinarily reason about the conditions for free will, we conducted a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic survey (N = 5,268) spanning twenty countries and sixteen languages. Overall, participants tended to ascribe moral responsibility whether the perpetrator lacked sourcehood or alternate possibilities. However, for American, European, and Middle Eastern participants, being the ultimate source of one’s actions promoted perceptions of free will and control as well as ascriptions of blame and punishment. By contrast, being the source of one’s actions was not particularly salient to Asian participants. Finally, across cultures, participants exhibiting greater cognitive reflection were more likely to view free will as incompatible with causal determinism. We discuss these findings in light of documented cultural differences in the tendency toward dispositional versus situational attributions.
The association between meaning in life and harmful drinking is mediated by individual differences in self-control and alcohol value
Authors: Copeland Amber , Jones Andrew , Field Matt
Published: October 2019

Manuscript accepted for publication in Addictive Behaviors Reports, 25th January 2020.
Status and development of powder metallurgy nickel-based disk superalloys
Authors: Yang Lebiao , Ren Xiaona , Ge Changchun , Yan Qingzhi
Published: October 2019

Nickel-based superalloys are crucial materials for the development of aero-engine components, since their excellent properties can meet the demands of turbine disks. For the formation of such alloys, powder metallurgy is considered as the ideal method, due to the resultant uniform composition and structure, fine grain, high yield strength, and good fatigue performance. This paper provides a critical review of the development of powder metallurgy nickel-based disk superalloys, their composition, as well as the evolution of the nickel-based superalloys' microstructure in the past few decades. Moreover, the influence of various elements on the material properties and the three major defects of powder metallurgy superalloys are reviewed. The analysis indicates that these defects may be directly or indirectly caused by the quality of the powder. Therefore, the innovative powder techniques of electrode induction melting gas atomization and spark plasma discharge spheroidization are presented, in order to prepare ceramic-free and superfine nickel-based superalloy powders. The powders prepared by electrode induction melting gas atomization and spark plasma discharge spheroidization have been found to be beneficial in improving the properties of powder metallurgy nickel-based disk superalloys.
Occupational and Environmental Cancer
Authors: Yari Saeed , Fallah Asadi Ayda , Nourmohammadi Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Environmental pollution is one of the main causes of disease, death, and disability worldwide. International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates mortality caused by occupational cancer worldwide to be two times higher than occupational accidents. Approximately, 10 important risk factors account for 85% of all occupational cancers. Factors for occupational cancer includes Asbestos, chemicals such as aniline, chromates, dinitrotoluene, arsenic and its inorganic compounds, beryllium and its compounds, cadmium and nickel compounds, wood dust, crystalline silica, brown coal phosphors, furnace emissions, pollution caused by diesel equipment, Nano-Materials, biological agents, ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, thermal shock, shift work, stress and work while sitting. Also some other environmental factors can cause cancer which concludes air, water and soil pollutions, smoking, sunlight, radon gas, electromagnetic fields, agriculture, behavior and lifestyle (such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, diet, sleep patterns, personal habits and social and cultural environment behaviors). More than 75% of mortality due to cancer can be avoided via controlling occupational and environmental risk factors. Most of cancers are not hereditary and caused by occupational and environmental biological agents, and are potentially preventable. So, it is recommended that more researches should be performed in this field in order to detect more scientific and effective methods to detect number and type of cancers due to occupational and environmental factors.
Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers
Authors: Maree Sima , Mohammadi Zidi Esa , Yari Saeed , Javadi Maryam
Published: October 2019

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017.

Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.

Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001).

Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.
Os traços iniciais da fenomenologia hermenêutica de M. Heidegger na preleção A ideia da filosofia e o problema da concepção de mundo
Authors: Fernandes Christiane Costa de Matos
Published: October 2019

O Trabalho pretende expor os traços iniciais da fenomenologia hermenêutica de Heidegger a partir da crítica realizada pelo autor ao método crítico-teleológico do neokantismo de Baden na preleção de 1919 A ideia da filosofia e o problema da concepção de mundo.
Guerra e paz: uma abordagem jurídico-filosófica
Authors: Guedes de Lima Francisco Jozivan , Calgaro Cleide , Debarba Gabriel Dall’agnol
Published: October 2019

O debate contemporâneo nas teoria das relações internacionais é marcado por duas perspectivas: de um lado a  perspectiva do realismo político que concebe a paz como um ideal inacessível e a guerra como meio necessário para a aquisição e manutenção do poder; e de outro lado a perspectiva do normativismo ou idealismo que pensa o fim (telos) das relações internacionais para além dos conflitos de interesse e da luta por poder. A primeira perspectiva trata as relações internacionais em nível do ser (daquilo que é), a segunda em nível do dever ser (nível normativo). Tendo em vista esse cenário, a nossa ideia neste artigo consiste em abordar o problema da guerra e da paz a partir de um estudo interdisciplinar mediante contribuições do Direito Internacional Público e da Filosofia de Kant. Num primeiro momento analisaremos o paradoxo da guerra, em seguida o papel do Direito Internacional Público para a problemática da paz, e por último as contribuições de Kant para a redefinição normativa do direito internacional a partir do seu projeto republicano da liga de paz (foedus pacificum).
Intercursos entre a psicologia genética e a ética do discurso de Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Alves Diniz Francisco Romulo , Aragão Cavalcante Carlos Henrique de
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo visa-se demarcar os intercursos da ética do discurso de Habermas e da psicologia genética de Lawrence Kohlberg. Se, por um lado, para o filósofo alemão a sua proposta ética pode contribuir para suprir os déficits da psicologia genética em relação ao desenvolvimento moral, por outro lado, a ética do discurso se apoia nas pesquisas empíricas realizadas pelos teóricos da psicologia e, com isso, reforçam a tese da universalidade ética defendida por Habermas e Carl Otto-Apel. No entanto, há limites na demarcação da filosofia e da psicologia por se tratar de campos nos quais as metodologias não se identificam e por assumirem perspectivas epistemológicas distintas, descritiva para a psicologia do desenvolvimento e prescritiva para a ética do discurso. Ainda assim, a filosofia de Habermas pretende estabelecer uma relação com campos distintos de saberes, a partir dos quais garante a interdisciplinaridade e a abertura para o diálogo constante entre saberes diversos.
A recepção de Kant na filosofia da física de Heisenberg
Authors: Da Silva Vinícius Carvalho , Branco Judikael Castelo
Published: October 2019

No presente artigo analisamos o entendimento e o uso da filosofia kantiana pelo físico filósofo alemão Werner Heisenberg, prêmio Nobel de Física de 1932, formulador do princípio de incerteza. Heisenberg parece adotar uma compreensão neokantiana da natureza da ciência, segundo a qual a ciência não trataria do real em si, mas apenas do modo como ele aparece, o que depende, inescapavelmente, da interação entre o sujeito e o objeto do conhecimento. No entanto, a despeito de tal posição, Heisenberg considera que as definições kantianas de “espaço”, “tempo” e “causalidade” não são compatíveis com os desenvolvimentos da mecânica quântica. Nesta oportunidade nos deteremos com mais atenção na concepção de ciência e no problema da causalidade.
Enativismo e conhecimento prático
Authors: Benevides Barbosa Gomes Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

Em Ser e Tempo (1927), Heidegger argumenta que o conhecimento primordial do Dasein se dá no manuseio de entes mundanos. Merleau-Ponty, por sua vez, descreve na Fenomenologia da Percepção (1945) que o conhecimento é, antes de tudo, uma intencionalidade corporal intraduzível em termos proposicionais. Mais tarde, em What Computers Can’t Do (1972), Hubert Dreyfus usa a obra de ambos para apontar os equívocos do paradigma cognitivista, isto é, a abordagem dominante do então nascente campo da inteligência artificial. Finalmente, em The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (1991), a noção de enativismo - elaborada por Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson e Eleanor Rosch - surge como uma tentativa de tomar do cognitivismo e do conexionismo a hegemonia nas ciências cognitivas. Dito isso, o objetivo do artigo consiste em descrever o enativismo e apontar sua herança fenomenológica.
Low-Mach-number and slenderness limit for elastic Cosserat rods and its numerical investigation
Authors: Baus Franziska , Klar Axel , Marheineke Nicole , Wegener Raimund
Published: October 2019

This paper deals with the relation of the dynamic elastic Cosserat rod model and the Kirchhoff beam equations. We show that the Kirchhoff beam without angular inertia is the asymptotic limit of the Cosserat rod, as the slenderness parameter (ratio between rod diameter and length) and the Mach number (ratio between rod velocity and typical speed of sound) approach zero, i.e., low-Mach-number–slenderness limit. The asymptotic framework is exact up to fourth order in the small parameter and reveals a mathematical structure that allows a uniform handling of the transition regime between the models. To investigate this regime numerically, we apply a scheme that is based on a Gauss–Legendre collocation in space and an α-method in time.
Low Appendicular Lean Mass Index and Associations with Metabolic and Demographic Parameters in Wheelchair Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Fernndez Shirley Steffany Muñoz , Ribeiro Sandra Maria Lima
Published: October 2019

Background:

People suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) undergo metabolic and physical disturbances that target the skeletal muscle, causing a progressive loss of muscle mass.

Objective:

To estimate the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) in athletes with traumatic (T-group) and non-traumatic (NT-group) SCI, and its association with metabolic and demographic parameters.

Methods:

Wheelchair athletes with SCI aged 18 to 52 years old were included ( n = 62). From DEXA assessment, we estimated the ALM index (ALMI = appendicular lean mass/height2) and classified participants according to the degree of muscle loss (ALMI < 2 SD from the reference populations). Fasting blood was assayed for glycaemia, insulin, cortisol, and IGF-1 serum levels. Data were compared by T-test and Fisher’s Exact Test; predictors of ALMI were investigated by linear regression models.

Results:

The frequency of low ALMI was 63% in overall sample, 55% T-group and 71% NT-group. Low ALMI had no significant association with the origin of injury (X2 = 1.1, p = 0.29). Linear regression analyses showed significant association, in the whole sample, between ALMI and serum levels of IGF-1 (Beta = 0.69; p < 0.001), age (Beta=–5.8; p < 0.001), percentage fat mass (Beta=–0.26; p = 0.001), and energy intake (Beta = 0.32; p = 0.02). These significances were not maintained in the NT-group sub-analyses.

Conclusions:

Low ALMI was very frequent in our SCI participants, despite exercising and independently of the type of injury. Metabolic and demographic variables associated with low ALMI were different according to the origin of injury, which possibly relies on physiopathology particularities. More studies are necessary to clarify our findings.
Modification of the WaldBoost algorithm to improve the efficiency of solving pattern recognition problems in real-time
Authors: Chesalin A. N. , Grodzenskiy S. Ya. , Nilov M. Yu. , Agafonov A. N.
Published: October 2019

The implementation of the WaldBoost algorithm is considered, and its modification is proposed, which allows to significantly reduce the number of weak classifiers to achieve a given classification accuracy. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is shown by specific examples. The paper studies modifications of compositions (ensembles) of algorithms for solving real-time pattern recognition problems. The aim of the study is to improve the known machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition using a minimum amount of time (the minimum number of used classifiers) and with a given accuracy of the results. We consider the implementation of the WaldBoost algorithm, which combines two algorithms: adaptive boosting of weak classifiers – AdaBoost (adaptive boosting), which has a high generalizing ability, and the sequential probability ratio test – SPRT (Wald test), which is the optimal rule of decision-making when distinguishing two hypotheses. It is noted that when using the WaldBoost, the values of the actual probability of classification errors, as a rule, are less than given because of the approximate boundaries of the SPRT, so that the classification process uses an excessive series of weak classifiers. In this regard, we propose a modification of the WaldBoost based on iterative refinement of the decision boundaries, which can significantly reduce the number of used weak classifiers required for pattern recognition with a given accuracy. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is shown by specific examples. The results are confirmed by statistical modeling on several data sets. It is noted that the results can be applied in the refinement of other cascade classification algorithms.
Influence of synchronization errors оn the noise immunity of coherent reception of M-PSK signals
Authors: Kulikov G. V. , Van Dung Nguyen
Published: October 2019

Signals with multiple phase-shift keying (M-PSK) have long been successfully used for highspeed information transfer in many applications – a number of adopted protocols of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks, digital satellite television DVB-S, DVB-S2/S2X systems, cellular networks CDMA and others. The most important characteristic of such systems is their noise immunity, which depends not only on the propagation conditions of radio waves in the communication channel, but also on the quality of operation of the component nodes of the information transmission systems themselves. The paper investigates the influence of the inaccuracy of estimating the frequency and phase of the carrier and the inaccuracy of the clock synchronization system on the noise immunity of coherent reception of M-PSK signals. Analytical expressions were obtained by statistical radio engineering methods. The expressions allow calculating the dependence of the probability of a bit error on the signal-to-noise ratio for various errors of the receiver auxiliary systems. In this case, the magnitudes of the errors were assumed to be either constant (static error) or dynamically changing (dynamic error). The dynamic errors were modeled using the Monte Carlo method, and the dynamic errors themselves were assumed to be Gaussian random variables. It is shown that the inaccuracy of estimating these parameters strongly influences the noise immunity of the coherent reception of the M-PSK signal, and this effect increases with increasing signal positionality. Estimates of the maximum permissible errors of the analyzed systems are given. When M-PSK signals are received, a tolerable value of the frequency of the reference oscillations can be considered as a ∆ωTs value of about 0.05. The allowable inaccuracy of the carrier phase estimation depends on the positioning of the signal and varies from π/36–π/72 for 2PSK to π/180 for 32PSK. The allowable time offset of the clock moments can be considered the value of 3–5% of the clock interval duration.
Burnout syndrome in dentistry, difficulties and search for solutions. A critical review.
Authors: Cárdenas Javiera , Sandoval Tomás
Published: October 2019

Burnout syndrome (BOS) is defined as a gradual exhaustion of the individual that appears on people whose occupation requires direct contact with other people and providing them a helpful service. BOS tends to be associated with somatic and behavioral alterations, as well as emotional disorders. Dentists present an important workplace risk, since they are the most prone to suffer from BOS. Likewise, dentistry students present a varied prevalence of stress, generally due to the students’ attitudes, which are mostly aimed at perfection and excellence, as well as academic, social and institution-related factors. The aim of this review is to identify factors involved in BOS in dentistry and preventive measures in educational and professional contexts. BOS is characterized by being a persistent negative mental state showing fatigue, exhaustion and disappointment. The main physical reaction generated by academic stress in dentistry students was sleepiness with 10.8%, followed by increase in food consumption with 6.4%, and restlessness and despair with 5.2%. Students might be severely affected according to the adaptive response that they present, which is individual. On the one hand, they might face the challenges in a positive manner, managing to learn from them. On the other hand, the might lose control and not be able to face difficulties, thus being likely to develop pathological states of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and dependency on alcohol or other hallucinogenic substances. Education agents are particularly relevant, since they contribute to the configuration of the students’ way of thinking and acting. Therefore, the integration of critical thinking and socioemotional abilities must be promoted and reinforced among the educational community. It is important to realize that the presence of BOS is not due to an individual weakness, but is a symptom that something is wrong with the educational institution.
“PETITION OF NAIMANOV QUBA” OF 1816 AS A NEW SOURCE ON BIOGRAPHY OF THE DAGESTAN SCHOLAR OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
MUHAMMAD IBN ALI AL-DAGISTANI (KAZAKAY-KADI ALIEV)
Authors: Hanmurzaev Ismail I. , Idrisov Yusup M.
Published: October 2019

The article elaborates the biography of a prominent Muslim scholar of the second half of the 18th century Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani. The scholar contributed greatly to the renaissance of traditions of Muslim education, especially to the teaching of the Arabic language in Volga region and Ural. Based on the written source “Petition of Naimanov quba”, introduced by the authors into the scientific community for the first time, it became possible to clarify the information already available about this historical figure. Particularly, analysis of the said document allowed us to identify that the real name of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dagistani was Kazakay-kadi, the son of Ali (Aliev), and the fact of him owning a son – Magomatjan (Muhammadjan), who also was both a teacher in madrasa and a qadi. The article provides an original version of the reasons for the distortion of the scholar’s name. The scholar’s belonging to the Karanogai quba (kin) Naiman, as well as previously unknown information about the return of his son to his father’s homeland have been revealed. The biography of Kazakay-kadi Aliev is verified by the authors based on a critical comparison of the facts provided in the text, and on fragmentary information contained in the works of Shihab ad-Din Marjani, Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov and Nazir ad-Dorgeli, which allowed to specify the circumstances of his appearance in the Orenburg province and his subsequent relocation to the Kazakh steppe, as well as his role in Russian-Kazakh relations.The reconstruction of the biography of the scholar is supplemented by a list of his most outstanding students. The newly discovered source is of not only historical, but also linguistic interest as a written monument of the North Caucasian Turkic language. The content of the source text is analyzed based on the textological, paleographic and historical-comparative methods of analysis. The document under study contains extensive anthroponymic material that can significantly expand the previously accumulated fund of ancient Nogai proper names.
THE USE OF VISUAL SOURCES IN HISTORICAL RESEARCH
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF V.F. TIMM’S ILLUSTRATIONS)
Authors: Polchaeva Fatima A.
Published: October 2019

Visual sources, like many others, are an important part of historical research. At the same time, the potential of visual sources has not yet been fully disclosed. The high degree of risk of their application is explained by the fact that visual materials (especially drawn ones) can be extremely subjective. Moreover, the lack of a universal scheme for their critical analysis reduces the possibility of their use in a research.With the development of historical science and the emergence of a so-called “visual history”, the need for further development of methods for the critical analysis of visual sources and their subsequent use has been identified.The author analyzes two illustrations by the Russian artist V.F. Timma, published in the “Russkyi khudozhestvenyi listok” (Russian Art Leaflet): “Types of Dagestan” (№ 34, 1859) and “The Portrait of Shamil” (№ 32, 1859), from which ethnographic and historical data was obtained. Both illustrations were analyzed, and the revealed data were compared with the available ethnographic information. This made it possible to demonstrate the possibilities and benefits of using visual materials for verification and confirmation of information from written sources.The study also resulted in an approximate analytic scheme of visual material, guided by which the author worked with full-scale drawings.
Understanding recovery boiler smelt runoff phenomena
Authors: TRAN HONGHI , K. JONES ANDREW , M. GRACE THOMAS
Published: October 2019

There is considerable interest in the nature and causes of heavy smelt runoff from recovery boilers because of the role it has played in numerous dissolving tank explosions and for personnel safety around the dissolving tank. Most mills have experienced runoff problems, which can be caused by cleaning plugged spouts, burning down a large bed, low sulfidity smelt, startup with a bed in the unit, and improper firing practices. The peak smelt flow during a runoff is often 3 to 5 times normal and may be much greater in severe cases. Heavy runoffs are self-limiting and typically last less than 30 min. The geometry of the lower furnace plays a significant role in runoff events. Sloped floor units are more vulnerable to smelt pool buildup and heavy runoff when released. Decanting bottom units are inherently more tolerant of smelt pool buildup. Low sulfidity results in smelt with a high melting temperature, making the smelt easy to freeze and difficult to flow. Sulfate-rich slag/deposits falling on the hearth from the upper furnace can contribute significantly to runoff problems by causing dams and spout plugging, increasing the load of smelt pool to be removed, decreasing bed temperatures, and lowering the sulfidity of the smelt leaving the furnace.
Impact of wood chip leaching pretreatment on wood chemical composition
Authors: B. SANTOS RICARDO , LÍVIO GOMIDE JOSÉ , W. HART PETER
Published: October 2019

The effect of wood chip acid leaching pretreatment on non-process elements removal and its impact on wood chemical components has been examined. Acid leaching treatments were carried out using two different acid pretreatment approaches: (1) acidified water and (2) filtrate from an acidic bleaching stage. Optimization experiments to identify the most suitable leaching conditions with regard to non-process elements removal and chemical oxygen demand generation were performed. The incorporation of an acid leaching stage significantly reduced the non-process elements content in the wood chips. Carbohydrate content and other wood constituents were not negatively affected by the applied pretreatment.
Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill
Authors: SAMISTRARO GISELY , W. HART PETER , LUIZ COLODETTE JORGE , PAIM RICARDO
Published: October 2019

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.
Improved steady-state models for chlorine dioxide delignification sequences that include washer carryover effects
Authors: N. BROGDON BRIAN
Published: October 2019

In previous studies, generalized steady-state models were proposed to approximate the chlorine dioxide demand needed for the delignification of softwood and hardwood pulps, where the kappa number entering the bleach plant can fluctuate. However, these expressions neglect the effect of dissolved solids with the stock that originate from incomplete pulp washing. In this study, the original elemental chlorine-free (ECF) models are modified to include the effects of carryover from brownstock or post-oxygen washing. The stoichiometric bleach consumption from carryover, based on its composition, was calculated from various literature sources. The majority of the bleach demand (about 70%) results from the dissolved lignin contained in the brownstock carryover, with the remainder resulting from the inorganic sulfur constituents (e.g., sulfide and thiosulfate). When the effect of brownstock carryover was taken into account, the modified models accurately predicted the amount of chlorine dioxide consumed for a given delignification level (about ±0.1% chlorine dioxide) vs. actual bleach plant data. The improved models can be used to gauge the level of washer carryover entering the bleach plant if this parameter is not regularly monitored by the mill. Additionally, these modified expressions could be integrated into advanced process control strategies for ECF bleaching where the washer carryover or dissolved lignin entrainment is measured with online sensors.