bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literary prowess: Creative Writing
Authors: Михальская Анна , Mihal'skaya Anna
Published: August 2019

The textbook for creative literary universities and masters of philological faculties of universities is the first scientifically based (linguistically, literary, methodically) and creatively tested domestic course of literary mastery, developed by the author in the process of teaching (literary mastery in the Union of writers of Russia, rhetorical poetics in the Literary Institute. A. M. Gorky, in the process creative occupational-training). The methodological basis of the course is the linguo-symbolic concept of literary text as a narrative discourse in conjunction with the system of methods for the allocation of its structural and semantic elements and operational technologies for teaching their creation. The theory of the subject is based on the synthesis of linguistics and literary studies: discourse analysis, text linguistics; hermeneutics, structural semantics; classical and modern rhetoric; stylistics and poetics, theory and history of literature. The methodical complex consists of creative and analytical tasks, texts for analysis, exercises, recommended literature. The course and method have been tested and proved to be effective when working with novice authors. Foreign analogue is widely used in the training of professionals in various fields and specialties of the subject of CREATIVE WRITING. The result of the course - knowledge of the basics of technology of creation of creative verbal texts: artistic, advertising, journalistic, popular science - all those that are built with the help of symbolic symbolic structures. The final competence is defined as verbal artistic creativity (literary creativity based on the knowledge of linguistic, rhetorical, psychological, poetic mechanisms of influence on the reader and interaction with him in the space of the created text, as well as on the possession of the main means of such influence).
Reducing errors during surgery using an improved Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model
Authors: Soheylinia Hossein , Sepehri Mohammad Mehdi , Emadaldin Mohsen
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims

Prospective risk management is a necessary measure when managing and providing the right response to a healthcare system error. This article provides an improved model of the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model, which aims to reduce errors in the operating room and improve on the major defects found in the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model.

Methods

The improved model presented in this descriptive mixed-methods article was examined in 2015 on selective processes in total knee replacement in Shahid Madani Hospital's operating rooms in Karaj, Iran. Data were collected through clinical observations, individual and group interviews, and collaborative conversations with the study team.

Results

A total of 8 activities and 15 modes of failure were identified in 5 selection processes in total knee replacement surgery. The identified modes of failure were given scores. Ultimately, 15 potential causes and 17 measures were proposed for 12 failures. The failure of the ‘unmanaged nurse or the anaesthesia technician in the operating rooms’ had the highest priority, and ‘chest leads’ and a ‘blood pressure cuff placed in the incorrect position’ had the lowest priority.

Conclusion

The improved model better reported the risk priorities of failures in 9 out of 12 modes. It was also able to resolve major defects in the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis model and produce more reliable results.
Are clinical leads clinical leaders? Optimising primary care-led commissioning and policy making
Authors: Sajid Imran
Published: August 2019

There is rising demand for general practitioners in the UK to fill leadership roles in clinical commissioning. Function can vary, from providing frontline insights, representing peers or patients, as well as adding credibility, or relationship-building for programme delivery. The term ‘clinical lead’ may, however, be misleading regarding responsibilities, which often lack the authority or strategic tenets defined in leadership.

Much of the literature regarding medical managers focuses on single healthcare provider organisations that adopt shop-floor clinicians into a leadership structure. Population commissioning, however, demands additional technical skills in public health, statistical literacy, economics and even ethics, which, while learnable, are not innate to clinicians.

Along with biases in the selection of leadership hierarchies, and limitations of traditional project management, further steps are necessary to nurture the competencies for coherent leadership that use implementation science and maximise opportunity for clinician-leaders to bridge the evidence-policy gap.

Organisations need to learn to more effectively distribute authority across the political economy of healthcare to appropriate clinical-leaders in policy rather than continued concentrations of executive decision-making. This requires clinicians with the appropriate neutrality and minimum necessary competencies to be selected and developed for population commissioning.
Hipótese amiloide e o tratamento da doença de Alzheimer: revisão dos estudos clínicos realizados.
Authors: Delanogare Eslen , Flores Douglas , De Souza Raul Marin , De Souza Letícia , Gasnhar Moreira Eduardo Luiz
Published: August 2019

A doença de Alzheimer (DA), principal doença neurodegenerativa relacionada à idade, é a causa mais comum de prejuízos cognitivos em pessoas com mais de 65 anos de idade, com custos mundiais estimados em U$ 1 trilhão de dólares ao ano. Até 2050, estima-se que mais de 1% da população mundial desenvolva a DA. Contudo, os atuais tratamentos são paliativos e sintomáticos, sendo que um tratamento específico para modificar o curso da doença permanece além do alcance. Diante de tais dificuldades, esta revisão objetivou discutir criticamente algumas questões fundamentais acerca da vasta gama de Estudos cínicos e pré-clínicos realizados visando o desenvolvimento de fármacos para o tratamento da DA, enfatizando os obstáculos e as dificuldades existentes no atual cenário.
Transtornos mentais comuns e aspectos psicossociais em universitários do sul do Brasil
Authors: Perini João Paulino , Delanogare Eslen , Souza Sabrina Alves de
Published: August 2019

Os transtornos mentais caracterizam-se como um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo aumento da morbimortalidade em nível global, principalmente devido à natureza crônica e incapacitante da depressão e outros transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). No entanto, o tratamento dos TMC é um desafio. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho pretende contribuir com dados acerca da prevalência dos TMC e associação com aspectos psicossociais em estudantes de uma universidade de Santo Ângelo – RS. A amostra foi composta por um total de 246 alunos. A prevalência de TMC na amostra foi de 40%, resultado semelhante a outros estudos. Os fatores associados à presença de TMC foram: gênero, insatisfação com o curso, dificuldade em fazer amigos ou sentir-se rejeitado por eles, percepção de pouco apoio emocional. Outro fator relevante foi o não recebimento de atendimento em saúde mental, que compõe 88,8% dos sujeitos com TMC. Esses resultados mostram que podem ser desenvolvidas estratégias de prevenção e tratamento de saúde mental em ambiente acadêmico. O presente trabalho demonstrou a presença de TMC em uma população universitária e variáveis associadas.
Оn the need to introduce the TI-RADS classification in Russia
Authors: Fisenko Elena P. , Sencha Alexander N. , Katrich Alexey N. , Sych Yulia P. , Tsvetkova Nadezhda V. , Borsukov Alexey V. , Kostromina Ekaterina V.
Published: August 2019

An active discussion of TI-RADS modifications (Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Diagnostic System) classification continues in the world professional medical community. This system of thyroid nodules stratification on the malignancy signs is intended primarily to select thyroid nodules for a fine needle aspiration biopsy. The classification should be uniform for all medical institutions of our country, easy to use and understandable by various medical specialists. This article presents a modification of TI-RADS prepared for discussion in the professional communities of Russia. Some “major” ultrasound features of malignancy (with specificity >95%) and additional or “minor” features (with specificity >90%) of thyroid nodules are pointed out to emphasise the need of fine needle biopsy. After comparison of diagnostic parameters of proposed TI-RADS and European TIRADS (EU-TIRADS), both systems showed comparable specificity of 93%, while sensitivity of proposed TI-RADS was slightly higher than for EU-TIRADS, with 94.2% and 91.0%, respectively. This discrepancy may be related to “minor” features of malignancy which were taken into consideration.
In Memoriam: Lewis E. Braverman (1929–2019)
Authors: Melnichenko Galina A.
Published: August 2019

Lewis E. Braverman, Professor of Medicine in the Section of Endocrinology, passed away peacefully on Monday, June 10, 2019.
Religions, Violence, and Interdiciplinary Dialogue
Authors: Basuki A. Singgih
Published: August 2019

Religion, as a moral source, a critic and a perpetrator of change, should be able to tame the behavior of its followers to act in a polite, careful, respectful, and wise manner. In fact, not all attitudes and behaviors of the religious people reflect that, instead, they show an opposite attitude of anarchism and violence. By religion, it is expected that human life is better, wiser, more humane, and more responsible. Besides, by the religion, it is also expected that humans can get closer to God of the universe and live in peace. In the context of interreligious relationships, the reality shows leverage differences, not religious equalities. As a result, there are tensions that trigger conflict and violence between religious communities. One possible solution to overcome the violence in religion is to intensify interreligious dialogue.[Agama sebagai sumber moral, sebagai kritik dan sekaligus sebagai pelaku perubahan, seharusnya bisa menjinakkan perilaku umatnya untuk bertindak secara santun, hati-hati, menghormati sesama, bijaksana serta berkeadilan. Pada kenyataannya, tidak semua sikap dan perilaku umat beragama mencerminkan hal tersebut, justru memperlihatkan sikap yang sebaliknya yakni anarkis dan melakukan kekerasan. Dengan agama seharusnya kehidupan manusia menjadi lebih baik, lebih adil, lebih bijaksana, lebih menyayangi sesama, lebih manusiawi, lebih bertanggung jawab. Dengan agama pula manusia bisa mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan semesta alam dan hidup secara damai. Dalam konteks hubungan antar agama, yang terjadi adalah saling mengungkit perbedaan-perbedaan, bukan persamaan-persamaan agama. Akibatnya timbul ketegangan yang memicu konflik dan kekerasan antar umat beragama. Salah satu solusi mengatasi kekerasan dalam agama adalah dengan mengintensifkan dialog interreligius.]
A Legal Debate on Polygamy: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives
Authors: Syamsuddin Sukring
Published: August 2019

The Islamic texts concerning polygamy in the Qur’an, Hadith, and other sources are still in the state of mujmal which have no strict indication to the precise meaning and instruction. The argument can be debated in multi- interpretation frame. In practice, a lot of muslims tend to generalize the application of law of polygamy. It becomes an interesting issue for some Indonesian muslim due to its close relation to the tendency or desire of men to add his wife. Some of them even believe polygamy as one of the Prophetic way (sunnah). This view can historically be refuted, considering that the Prophet did polygamy after Khadījah, his first wife, died. Another fact is that all of the Prophet’s wives are widows whose husbands died in the battlefield, except ‘Aisyah. In addition, the marriage of the Prophet with these women is a part of the God’s special order. In this case, polygamy is an exclusivity for the Prophet and it cannot be viewed as the Prophetic wagons to be applied by his followers. Here there is a difference in the perspective of classical and contemporary Muslim scholars concerning the issue based on their different views on the word of God in QS. al-Nisa’ (4): 3. In principle, the Qur’an allows but does not advocate polygamy. It is in this perspective that some scholars are divided into those who absolutely allow, allow in emergency, those who have moderate understanding, and some who are strict to be conservative, based on their different analytical and methodological issues.[Nash tentang poligami di dalam al-Qur'an, as-Sunnah dan sumber-sumber lain, sifatnya masih umum (mujmal). Dalilnya bisa diperdebatkan dengan multi tafsir, sehingga dalam praktiknya orang menggunakan hukum poligami secara "pukul rata." Terdorong ingin memberikan pemahaman yang lebih rinci. Poligami menjadi perbincangan menarik sebagian masyarakat Indonesia, menarik karena poligami merupakan salah satu kecederungan atau keinginan laki-laki untuk menambah isterinya. Sebahagian pemahaman umat Islam berpendapat bahwa berpoligami merupakan sunnah Rasul. Poligami tidak bisa dikatakan sebagai sunnah Rasul. Sebab Nabi Muhammad saw berpoligami setelah Khadījah isteri Nabi meninggal dunia. itupun dari sekian isteri Nabi saw hanya ‘Aisyah yang masih perawan selebihnya adalah janda-janda yang di tinggal mati suaminya dalam peperangan, dan perkawinan Nabi saw dengan wanita-wanita tersebut atas perintah Allah swt, poligami merupakan kekhususan bagi Nabi saw, jadi tidak boleh berdalih sunnah Rasul. Disinilah kemudian terjadi perbedaan perspektif ulama klasik dan ulama kontemporer tentang poligami yang didasarkan pandangan  mereka terhadap firman Allah swt dalam QS. An-Nisa/4; 3. Pada prinsipnya al-Qur’an membolehkan tapi tidak menganjurkan poligami. Dalam perspektif inilah ada yang membolehkan, ada yang membolehkan secara darurat, ada yang moderat, ada yang ketat (prasyarat), dan yang konservatif masing-masing didasarkan pada kajian analisis dan metodologi yang berbeda-beda.]
Habituation of Local Culture in Order to Prevent Religious Radicalism in Sukoharjo, Central Java
Authors: Millah Ahmad Sihabul , Ma’rufah Yuni , Imam Khoirul
Published: August 2019

This article is intended to see the response of a group of Sukoharjo people related to their effort in prevention of radicalism through local cultural habituation. A group of people who joined into Sanggar Sekar Jagad in Bakalan Sukoharjo Village try to find a way out by way of rejuvenate local culture and traditional art that began to be abandoned by society. Using case study method through empirical investigation by means of data collecting through interview, observation, and documentation, it is expected to be able to answer how the practice of local cultural habituation developed by Sanggar Sekar Jagad society in order to prevent religious radicalism in the region was, and what factors which underlied the practice.[Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat respons sekelompok masyarakat Sukoharjo berkaitan dengan upaya mereka dalam mencegah radikalisme melalui habituasi budaya lokal. Sekelompok masyarakat yang tergabung dalam Sanggar Sekar Jagad di Desa Bakalan Sukoharjo mencoba mencari jalan keluar dengan cara menghidupakan kembali budaya lokal dan kesenian tradisional yang mulai ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus, melalui penyelidikan empiris, dengan cara mengumpulkan data wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, diharapkan mampu memberi jawaban tentang bagaimanakah praktik habituasi budaya lokal yang dikembangkan masyarakat Sanggar Sekar Jagad dalam rangka mencegah radikalisme agama di wilayah itu, dan faktor apa sajakah yang melatari praktik tersebut.]
BEATA ZIÓŁKOWSKA, JOWITA WYCISK, SELF-DESTRUCTION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH
Authors: JAWORSKA JOANNA
Published: August 2019

Anyone who works with the youth knows that the period of adolescence is a specific life-phase for young students. “Socio-cultural changes, changing family patterns, too many incentives and the social pressure in many areas of human’s life” (p. 252) can cause problems, and teenagers often don’t deal appropriately with their feelings, emotions, and expressions. Also during this time, we have come to expect different and often rebellious, as well as undesirable behaviour from the young boys and girls. Every teacher, educator or someone who takes care of such young people, is inclined to support them effectively and when the functional disorders start to appear, they want to react positively towards them and work together to solve their problems. For those people, I would highly recommend the book “Self-destruction children and youth” written by Beata Ziółkowska and Jowita Wycisk.
Analysis of Playing Area Dimensions in Spanish Professional Soccer: Extrapolation to the Design of Small-Sided Games With Tactical Applications
Authors: Caro Oscar , Zubillaga Asier , Fradua Luis , Fernandez-Navarro Javier
Published: August 2019

Caro, O, Zubillaga, A, Fradua, L, and Fernandez-Navarro, J. Analysis of playing area dimensions in Spanish professional soccer: Extrapolation to the design of small-sided games with tactical applications. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2795–2801, 2021—The aims of this study were to examine (a) the width and length dimensions of the playing area in 4v4 situations during competition, (b) the influence of the pitch zone where the ball is on 4v4 dimensions, and (c) the influence of match status on the dimensions of 4v4 situations. Data were collected from 25 matches from the Spanish La Liga of the 2007–2008 season using the Amisco system. Length, width, and individual playing area (IPA) of the rectangle that included the nearest 4 players to the ball from each team were collected in a total of 8,727 4v4 game situations. The pitch zone and match status were also considered for these 4v4 situations. To determine factors that affect 4v4 game situations, 1-way analysis of variance was used. The influence of the pitch zone where 4v4 situations took place showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the zones where different principles of the game apply. The areas of the 4v4 situations ranged from 14.70 ± 4.69 × 17.18 ± 6 to 17.09 ± 5.16 × 20.34 ± 5.93 m, and the IPA of the 4v4 playing rectangle ranged from 46.33 ± 20 to 35.48 ± 16.95 m2, being larger in the central zones of the pitch. The length of the 4v4 rectangle showed a significant reduction in the closer zones to the goal. Match status did not affect the dimensions of these 4v4 game situations significantly. The findings of this study suggest that the size of 4v4 situations proposed for training should be designed according to the pitch zone where playing actions take place.
The Influence of Upper- and Lower-Body Maximum Strength on Swim Block Start, Turn, and Overall Swim Performance in Sprint Swimming
Authors: Keiner Michael , Wirth Klaus , Fuhrmann Stefan , Kunz Matz , Hartmann Hagen , Haff G. Gregory
Published: August 2019

Keiner, M, Wirth, K, Fuhrmann, S, Kunz, M, Hartmann, H, and Haff, GG. The influence of upper- and lower-body maximum strength on swim block start, turn, and overall swim performance in sprint swimming. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2839–2845, 2021—Maximum strength and speed strength are 2 major factors that determine a swimmer's performance, including swim start and turn performance, which directly impacts overall swim sprint performance. Nevertheless, data regarding the relationship between swimming performance and maximum strength are not consistent. Specifically, there are minimal data examining the relationship between maximal strength levels, start and turn performances in the scientific literature. This study was designed to determine the relationship between strength and specific markers of swim performance. Therefore, 14 moderate trained swimmers (male; 17.5 ± 1.6 years; mass: 70.2 ± 4.8 kg; height: 181.9 ± 5.7 cm) were tested for maximum strength in back squat and bench press, squat and countermovement jump performance, tethered swimming and swim performance (50- and 100-m crawl sprint, where start and turn performances were also analyzed). A multiple regression analysis was performed using the maximum strength data as predictors of 15-m start performance and swimming power. Furthermore, bivariate Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the relationship between the strength and power variables and the swim variables. Maximum strength in the bench press and squat explained 50–65% of the performance variance in swimming power and start performance and 45–62% of the performance variance in 50-/100-m swimming performance. The results of this study demonstrated that maximum strength of the upper and lower limbs and jump height were strongly related to sprint swim performance. Therefore, maximum strength in squat and bench press should be included in strength tests, and that swimmers should incorporate lower- and upper-body strength and power training into their training schedule.
Changes in Torque-Angle Profiles of the Hamstrings and Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratio After Two Hamstring Strengthening Exercise Interventions in Female Hockey Players
Authors: Delextrat Anne , Bateman James , Ross Chris , Harman John , Davis Lois , Vanrenterghem Jos , Cohen Daniel D.
Published: August 2019

Delextrat, A, Bateman, J, Ross, C, Harman, J, Davis, L, Vanrenterghem, J, and Cohen, DD. Changes in torque-angle profiles of the hamstrings and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio after two hamstring strengthening exercise interventions in female hockey players.J Strength Cond Res34(2): 396–405, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 hamstring strengthening interventions (Nordic hamstrings [NHE] vs. eccentric leg curl [ELC]) on the hamstring torque-angle profiles and functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (Hecc:Qcon) in female hockey players. Female university-level players were randomly allocated to an NHE group (n= 9, 19.7 ± 1.4 years; 168.4 ± 4.4 cm; 66.2 ± 7.2 kg, 26.0 ± 4.4%), an ELC group (n= 8, 19.5 ± 1.0 years; 168.1 ± 3.4 cm; 66.7 ± 4.5 kg, 24.8 ± 3.5%), or a control (C) group (n= 8, 19.6 ± 1.4 years; 169.9 ± 7.5 cm; 70.7 ± 13.0 kg, 25.9 ± 5.2%). They performed baseline isokinetic concentric strength tests of the quadriceps (Qcon) and eccentric strength of the hamstrings (Hecc) at 120°·s−1, followed by a 6-week intervention with exercises (NHE or ELC) performed 3 times weekly, before post-tests. Analyses of variance with repeated measures were used to assess the effects of knee position angle (from 90° of knee flexion to 10° close to extension), group, and time on Qcon, Hecc, and Hecc:Qcon. There were no interactions between independent variables. Significant increases in Heccand Hecc:Qconwere shown after NHE (+29.9 and +27.8%) and ELC (+30.5 and +38.3%) in the nondominant leg only. Furthermore, significant shifts in the hamstring eccentric angle of peak torque toward a longer muscle length were shown in both legs (14.3–28.6%). These findings suggest that NHE and ELC both resulted in significant improvements in peak and muscle-length–specific neuromuscular risk factors in the nondominant (ND) limb, thereby reducing interlimb peak strength asymmetries. Strength and conditioning specialists could therefore use both the NHE and ELC exercises in female hockey players.
The Representation of Semantic Information Across Human Cerebral Cortex During Listening Versus Reading Is Invariant to Stimulus Modality
Authors: Deniz Fatma , Nunez-Elizalde Anwar O. , Huth Alexander G. , Gallant Jack L.
Published: August 2019

An integral part of human language is the capacity to extract meaning from spoken and written words, but the precise relationship between brain representations of information perceived by listening versus reading is unclear. Prior neuroimaging studies have shown that semantic information in spoken language is represented in multiple regions in the human cerebral cortex, while amodal semantic information appears to be represented in a few broad brain regions. However, previous studies were too insensitive to determine whether semantic representations were shared at a fine level of detail rather than merely at a coarse scale. We used fMRI to record brain activity in two separate experiments while participants listened to or read several hours of the same narrative stories, and then created voxelwise encoding models to characterize semantic selectivity in each voxel and in each individual participant. We find that semantic tuning during listening and reading are highly correlated in most semantically selective regions of cortex, and models estimated using one modality accurately predict voxel responses in the other modality. These results suggest that the representation of language semantics is independent of the sensory modality through which the semantic information is received.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans can comprehend the meaning of words from both spoken and written language. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between the brain representations of spoken or written text. Here, we show that although the representation of semantic information in the human brain is quite complex, the semantic representations evoked by listening versus reading are almost identical. These results suggest that the representation of language semantics is independent of the sensory modality through which the semantic information is received.
Representational Organization of Novel Task Sets during Proactive Encoding
Authors: Palenciano Ana F. , González-García Carlos , Arco Juan E. , Pessoa Luiz , Ruz María
Published: August 2019

Recent multivariate analyses of brain data have boosted our understanding of the organizational principles that shape neural coding. However, most of this progress has focused on perceptual visual regions (Connolly et al., 2012), whereas far less is known about the organization of more abstract, action-oriented representations. In this study, we focused on humans' remarkable ability to turn novel instructions into actions. While previous research shows that instruction encoding is tightly linked to proactive activations in frontoparietal brain regions, little is known about the structure that orchestrates such anticipatory representation. We collected fMRI data while participants (both males and females) followed novel complex verbal rules that varied across control-related variables (integrating within/across stimuli dimensions, response complexity, target category) and reward expectations. Using representational similarity analysis (Kriegeskorte et al., 2008), we explored where in the brain these variables explained the organization of novel task encoding, and whether motivation modulated these representational spaces. Instruction representations in the lateral PFC were structured by the three control-related variables, whereas intraparietal sulcus encoded response complexity and the fusiform gyrus and precuneus organized its activity according to the relevant stimulus category. Reward exerted a general effect, increasing the representational similarity among different instructions, which was robustly correlated with behavioral improvements. Overall, our results highlight the flexibility of proactive task encoding, governed by distinct representational organizations in specific brain regions. They also stress the variability of motivation-control interactions, which appear to be highly dependent on task attributes, such as complexity or novelty.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn comparison with other primates, humans display a remarkable success in novel task contexts thanks to our ability to transform instructions into effective actions. This skill is associated with proactive task-set reconfigurations in frontoparietal cortices. It remains yet unknown, however, how the brain encodes in anticipation the flexible, rich repertoire of novel tasks that we can achieve. Here we explored cognitive control and motivation-related variables that might orchestrate the representational space for novel instructions. Our results showed that different dimensions become relevant for task prospective encoding, depending on the brain region, and that the lateral PFC simultaneously organized task representations following different control-related variables. Motivation exerted a general modulation upon this process, diminishing rather than increasing distances among instruction representations.
Acute Focal Seizures Start As Local Synchronizations of Neuronal Ensembles
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Hamm Jordan P. , Peterka Darcy S. , Yuste Rafael
Published: August 2019

Understanding seizure formation and spread remains a critical goal of epilepsy research. We used fastin vivotwo-photon calcium imaging in male mouse neocortex to reconstruct, with single-cell resolution, the dynamics of acute (4-aminopyridine) focal cortical seizures as they originate within a spatially confined seizure initiation site (intrafocal region), and subsequently propagate into neighboring cortical areas (extrafocal region). We find that seizures originate as local neuronal ensembles within the initiation site. This abnormal hyperactivity engages increasingly larger areas in a saltatory fashion until it breaks into neighboring cortex, where it proceeds smoothly and is then detected electrophysiologically (LFP). Interestingly, PV inhibitory interneurons have spatially heterogeneous activity in intrafocal and extrafocal territories, ruling out a simple role of inhibition in seizure formation and spread. We propose a two-step model for the progression of focal seizures, where neuronal ensembles activate first, generating a microseizure, followed by widespread neural activation in a traveling wave through neighboring cortex during macroseizures.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe have used calcium imaging in mouse sensory cortexin vivoto reconstruct the onset of focal seizures elicited by local injection of the chemoconvulsant 4-aminopyridine. We demonstrate at cellular resolution that acute focal seizures originate as increasingly synchronized local neuronal ensembles. Because of its spatial confinement, this process may at first be undetectable even by nearby LFP electrodes. Further, we establish spatial footprints of local neural subtype activity that correspond to consecutive steps of seizure microprogression. Such footprints could facilitate determining the recording location (e.g., inside/outside an epileptogenic focus) in high-resolution studies, even in the absence of a priori knowledge about where exactly a seizure started.
Stat3-mTOR signaling mediates the stimulation of GLP-1 production induced by IL-27
Authors: Lei Guoqing , Chen Linxi , Peng Miao , Zeng Bolin , Yang Qiaoxi , Zhai Hening , Xu Geyang
Published: August 2019

GLP-1 is a potent glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone derived from intestinal L cells. Inflammatory Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a pleiotropic two-chain cytokine, is composed of EBI3 and IL-27 p28 subunits. IL-27 has a protective effect on pancreatic β-cell function. The relationship between IL-27 and GLP-1 is still unexplored. Here we showed interleukin-27-stimulated GLP-1 production via the Stat3-mTOR-dependent mechanism. Interleukin 27 receptor subunit alpha (IL-27 Rα) was detected in ileum and STC-1 cells. Co-localization of EBI3 and GLP-1 was observed not only in mouse ileums but also in human ileums and colons. Third-ventricular infusion of IL-27 increased ileal and plasma GLP-1 in both lean C57BL/6J mice and diet-induced obese and diabetic mice. These changes were associated with a significant increase in Stat3-mTOR activity. Treatment of STC-1 cells with IL-27 contributed to the increments of Stat3-mTOR signaling and GLP-1. Interference of mTOR activity by mTOR siRNA or rapamycin abolished the stimulation of GLP-1 production induced by IL-27 in STC-1 cells. Stat3 siRNA also blocked the stimulus effect of IL-27 on GLP-1. IL-27 increased the interaction of mTOR and Stat3 in STC-1 cells. Our results identify Stat3-mTOR as a critical signaling pathway for the stimulation of GLP-1 induced by IL-27.
Análisis de resultados de las pruebas nacionales de bachillerato de educación media de los colegios que conforman las direcciones regionales de educación en zonas fronterizas costarricenses. 2013-2016
Authors: Artavia-Aguilar Cindy Vanessa , Calderón-Ramírez Guillermo , Ramírez-González Andrea , González-Alvarado Francisco , Chaverri-Chaves Pablo , Cruz-Arroyo Eddy
Published: August 2019

En el marco del programa Perfiles, dinámicas y desafíos de la educación costarricense, del Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación de la Universidad Nacional, este artículo abre un espacio de diálogo y reflexión nacional acerca de las pruebas nacionales de bachillerato en educación media en Costa Rica y el desempeño de los colegios en las zonas fronterizas. Este trabajo se plantea como objetivo analizar los resultados de las Pruebas Nacionales de Bachillerato en Educación Media (PNB-EM), en las zonas fronterizas del país, con la intención de visualizar los avances en materia educativa y sus repercusiones a nivel social. El análisis de este documento surge de los resultados de las PNB-EM reportados por el MEP en las 8 direcciones regionales de educación (DRE) ubicadas en áreas fronterizas norte y sur de nuestro país, y la relación de estos resultados con el índice de desarrollo social (IDS) reportado por los cantones que componen dichas DRE. Los datos estadísticos con los que se trabajó fueron de dos ámbitos, el educativo en relación con las PNB-EM en lo que respecta a la promoción, nota promedio obtenida y el índice de desarrollo social cantonal del año 2013. El proceso de análisis de los datos refleja algunas conclusiones importantes en materia de equidad, inclusión educativa y condiciones de desarrollo social a tomar en consideración para la interpretación de los resultados de las PNB-EM en el país.
Propuesta metodológica para efectuar un proceso de autoevaluación por conglomerado en carreras universitarias
Authors: Morera-Castro María , Azofeifa-Mora Christian , Gómez-Barrantes Viviana , Azofeifa-Lizano Ana , Rojas-Valverde Daniel
Published: August 2019

El objetivo de este artículo fue sistematizar la experiencia metodológica vivida en el proceso de autoevaluación por conglomerado de carreras de grado universitarias que se encuentran en diferentes etapas de evaluación y que cuentan con dos unidades ejecutoras. Esta propuesta incluye las fases y etapas que exponen los detalles metodológicos, entre ellos: diseño de plan de acciones, reuniones permanentes colectivas para la sistematización y toma de decisiones, diseño de herramientas para estandarizar el proceso de acreditación por conglomerado. Como resultado de la aplicación metodológica se concluyen como estrategia exitosa la forma de trabajo establecida por la comisión, la cual permitió una cohesión de grupo, sentido de pertenencia y apropiación del proceso. Este artículo puede ser utilizado como una guía para orientar las actividades académicas de autoevaluación y mejoramiento, en carreras en aras de ser acreditas, que poseen un alto grado de afinidad entre ellas, ya sea desde su objeto de estudio o proceso educativo.
Propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para medir habilidades del pensamiento reflexivo en estudiantado universitario
Authors: Crespo-Cabuto Angélica , González-Frías María Teresa , Madrid-López Esthela Jacqueline
Published: August 2019

El estudio estableció las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para medir habilidades del pensamiento reflexivo en el desarrollo formativo de estudiantado universitario. En el estudio participaron 263 estudiantes de universidad: 220 (83.7 %) del sexo femenino (M edad= 20, DE= 1.5 años) y 43 (16.3 %) del masculino (M edad= 20, DE= 2.5 años). Los resultados señalan que la escala es empíricamente sustentable para medir el contenido, confiabilidad y constructo mediante los factores de comprensión reflexiva, apoyo proceso reflexivo y manifestaciones del proceso reflexivo (X2 = 20.08, gl= 8, *p < .001; X2/gl= 1.397; CFI= .96; RMSEA= .039; GFI= .90). Se concluyó que el instrumento puede ser utilizado satisfactoriamente en la evaluación de las habilidades del pensamiento reflexivo en estudiantado universitario.
Percepción sobre servicios ecosistémicos culturales asociados al bosque nativo por parte de un grupo universitario de estudiantes de pedagogía
Authors: Aguilar-Correa Cristián , Valencia-Fuentes Camila , Huentemilla-Rebolledo Maite , Valderrama-González Daniela , Rojas-Correa Ángela , Méndez-Contreras Mackarena , Tapia-Hernández Carla
Published: August 2019

La investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar las percepciones que posee un grupo de 15 docentes en formación inicial respecto de los servicios ecosistémicos culturales asociados al bosque nativo. Los sujetos participantes fueron estudiantes de las carreras de Pedagogía en Educación General Básica, ingresos 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 y Pedagogía en Educación General Básica con Mención, ingreso 2017, de la Universidad Católica del Maule-Chile. En el estudio se emplearon dos técnicas de trabajo cualitativas, el grupo focal y el dibujo identitario revisado. Los resultados arrojan que en docentes en formación coexisten una serie de visiones alternativas respecto de los servicios ecosistémicos, que relacionan con temáticas de reciclaje e instituciones gubernamentales, pero también se evidencia la importancia que los sujetos participantes asignan a los innumerables beneficios y aportes que entregan los servicios ecosistémicos al ser humano, así como también, la trascendencia que tienen los bosques nativos y sus servicios ecosistémicos culturales, como espacios pedagógicos al servicio de aprendizajes transversales en la formación del alumnado de enseñanza básica.
¿Qué aprende el estudiantado de secundaria en la asignatura de educación física?
Authors: Gaviria Cortés Didier Fernando , Castejón-Oliva Francisco Javier
Published: August 2019

En el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje se presentan una serie de interacciones entre docentes, estudiantes, materiales, experiencias y medio, las cuales forman un todo significativo en el cual se producen aprendizajes. El pensamiento del estudiantado sobre lo que aprende en las clases y la importancia que le atribuye a esos aprendizajes son factores que afectan la actitud hacia la asignatura de educación física. En este sentido, el objetivo del estudio fue estudiar las creencias y percepciones del alumnado relativas al aprendizaje en las clases de educación física. La investigación es un estudio de caso, donde participaron 93 estudiantes de grado 11, de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia. La información se recolectó por medio de cuestionario, observación y grupos focales, para el analisis de la información se utilizó el sofware SPSS para la información del cuestionario y el programa Nvivo para los grupos focales y la observación. El estudiantado considera que los principales aprendizajes de la asignatura son la aplicación de las habilidades motrices; conocer el funcionamiento del cuerpo; y el conocimiento y aplicación de las reglas de los deportes. La mayoría del estudiantado cree que la asignatura de educación física debe servir para mejorar la salud, mejorar la condición física y aprender valores. Estos resultados deberían orientar la educación física como formadora de valores, mejora de la motricidad humana y con implicación en el ámbito cognitivo.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAXY WHEAT FLOUR ON THE CAKE`S STALING
Authors: Iorgachova Kateryna , Makarova Olga , Khvostenko Kateryna
Published: August 2019

Nowadays the use of waxy wheat in bread and pastry technologies, is gaining interest in view of extending the shelf-life of flour products, avoiding the use of additives. The obtained results shows the expediency of using waxy wheat flour, starch of which does not contain amylose, for the stabilization of the cake`s quality during its storage. The influence of the mass fraction of non-amylose wheat flour on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of finished products were studied. Quality parameters like moisture content, rheological characteristics of the crumb, microbial and sensory analysis of developed products were evaluated during 7 days of storage period. It is found that replacement of bakery wheat flour with traditional starch content for the waxy wheat flour has the positive influence on the cake`s staling process. These samples were characterized with lower decrease of moisture loss, less reduction of the amount of bound water in cake`s crumb and higher organoleptic quality at the end of the shelf-life without adding of synthetic improvers.
Zonisamidkezelés myoclonusdystoniában
Authors: Salamon András , Zádori Dénes , Horváth Emese , Vécsei László , Klivényi Péter
Published: August 2019

Abstract:

Myoclonus-dystonia (DYT11) is a rare, autosomal dominant hereditary disorder clinically characterized by myoclonus and/or dystonia. The disease is most commonly caused by the mutations of the SGCE gene. Causative therapy is not available currently. Regarding symptomatic treatment, zonisamide, insulin therapy, carbamazepine and zolpidem may be utilized. If these drugs are not effective, bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation may come into consideration. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of zonisamide treatment in a Hungarian patient with genetically proven myoclonus-dystonia. Our 25-year-old female patient has had jerky, lightning-like movements since her childhood, mainly localized to her right upper limb. In addition, muscle cramps associated with writing and walking were also present. The symptoms were reduced by alcohol consumption. Brain MRI did not show any abnormality. Neurophysiological studies raised the possibility of subcortical myoclonus. After detailed phenotyping, genetic testing was performed, yielding the diagnosis of myoclonus-dystonia. A heterozygous mutation in the 6th exon of the SGCE gene at the position 709, resulting in an early stop codon (c.709C> T, p.Arg237*) was demonstrated. After considering the risk-benefit ratio, we decided to start zonisamide treatment. The dose was titrated gradually to 300 mg/d over 6 weeks. Myoclonus- and dystonia-specific tests demonstrated significant improvement compared to the pre-treatment status. The aim of this case report is to draw attention to this rare condition, its treatment and the importance of collaboration between medical subspecialties. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(34): 1353–1357.
Building a database for curriculum mapping and analytics
Authors: Kang Yew-Beng , D. Nadarajah Vishna Devi , V. Nadarajah Vishna Devi
Published: August 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Curriculum mapping of an outcomes-based programme using a database was developed using a relational database structure, and it functions as a searchable database by the use of keywords. Factors such as the framework of the programme, the database entity relationship diagram (ERD), benchmarking, terminology and nomenclature, analytics and integration with the learning management system requires careful consideration before implementation. Built into the structure of the curriculum database are the analytics features which identifies the curricula data using defined keywords. This enables staff and students to search through any programme or subject of interest to track a subject or keyword to the point of delivery with the use of the analytics feature. This results in the curricula information being transparent for all stakeholders, ensuring curriculum mapping and blueprinting of assessments are readily available.This paper reports on the implementation of a university-wide curricula database which includes multiple undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, including chronological versions of a programme at an institution with diverse health professions programmes, including medicine, dentistry, pharmacy. Additionally, this paper outlines the steps to design the curricula database, the development of the framework of the database and the analytics, the challenges in implementation, the results that can be obtained from such a database and the lessons learnt.
Stage surgical and catheter approach to the treatment of long-persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Artyukhina E. A. , Dedukh E. V. , Yashkov M. V.
Published: August 2019

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Yewno Discover
Authors: Bolina Manisha
Published: August 2019

Yewno Discover helps students and researchers find precisely the right information they are searching for, regardless of discipline and especially if it is interdisciplinary information. This new kind of visual knowledge discovery tool uses machine learning and computational linguistics to literally read over 200 million full-text  articles and can guide users to the precise paragraph of information within this collection that is most valuable  to their search. 

This practical workshop will enable you to learn more how you can use Yewno Discover to engage your patrons to get more of the library resources. Be sure to bring your laptop!
Information Seeking MOOCs at the University of Helsinki
Authors: Kettunen Taina , Weimer Kristina , Vainikka Valtteri , Helminen Päivi
Published: August 2019

The University of Helsinki is a multidisciplinary university with about 31 300 students and 7800 staff. Our bachelor’s and master’s degree programmes were recently redesigned and started off in the autumn semester 2017. At the Helsinki University Library, this led to the reorganization of our information literacy teaching in order to be able to connect with larger amounts of students.

In autumn 2017, we launched two new MOOCs: a Finnish language one for bachelor’s level and an English version mainly for master’s level students. Currently, the MOOCs are compulsory in some study programmes and voluntary in many others. Our main goals were to make the MOOCs interactive and to collaborate with departments to get these courses integrated into their curricula at the point when students need these skills the most.

This article discusses what we have learned during the process of constructing MOOCs and how we tackled the main challenges of meaningful content, integration and interaction. The MOOCs are in continuous development based on received feedback.
Hierarchical Attention Network for Image Captioning
Authors: Wang Weixuan , Chen Zhihong , Hu Haifeng
Published: August 2019

Recently, attention mechanism has been successfully applied in image captioning, but the existing attention methods are only established on low-level spatial features or high-level text features, which limits richness of captions. In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical Attention Network (HAN) that enables attention to be calculated on pyramidal hierarchy of features synchronously. The pyramidal hierarchy consists of features on diverse semantic levels, which allows predicting different words according to different features. On the other hand, due to the different modalities of features, a Multivariate Residual Module (MRM) is proposed to learn the joint representations from features. The MRM is able to model projections and extract relevant relations among different features. Furthermore, we introduce a context gate to balance the contribution of different features. Compared with the existing methods, our approach applies hierarchical features and exploits several multimodal integration strategies, which can significantly improve the performance. The HAN is verified on benchmark MSCOCO dataset, and the experimental results indicate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, achieving a BLEU1 score of 80.9 and a CIDEr score of 121.7 in the Karpathy’s test split.