bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Perception of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Decorative Paints among Average Consumers
Authors: Hess Mariia , Bongaerts Jan C.
Published: June 2020

Decorative paints may evaporate hazardous emissions such as volatile organic compounds and formaldehydes. Studying the paints’ packaging showed that a great amount of decorative paints available in the German market contain low concentrations of volatile organic compounds. In fact, volatile organic compounds may cause an irritation of eyes and respiratory organs, leukaemia, lymphoma and nasal cancer. This paper presents and discusses the results of a questionnaire survey, conducted among the visitors of the trade fairs for construction products in Germany, on the awareness of possible environmental and health impact of paint products. Furthermore, this paper investigates the differences in the importance values of the ecolabels and Material Safety Data Sheets for decorative paints among females and males and respondents with and without children. In order to highlight the essential findings, the key questions were analysed within statistical t-tests. According to the results, females and males do perceive various issues regarding the availability of ecolabels for decorative paints and the use of solvent-free paints differently and put different importance values on these issues. Some results of the questionnaire survey confirm findings of the previous studies on the importance of the ecolabels. Moreover, having children influenced the behaviour of the respondents towards the significance of the Material Safety Data Sheets and using solvent-free indoor paints.
Landfill Levy Imposition on Construction and Demolition Waste: Australian Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Authors: Shooshtarian Salman , Maqsood Tayyab , Khalfan Malik , Yang Rebecca J. , Wong Peter
Published: June 2020

With increased construction activities in capital cities of Australia, the sustainable management of construction and demolition (C&D) has become an important item in the federal and state government agendas. According to the universally accepted concept of waste hierarchy waste disposal is the worst preferred waste management option due to environmental issues. Currently, in most Australian jurisdictions, a landfill levy is applied to discourage waste disposal and to further encourage waste recovery. However, there is an ongoing debate as to whether the levy regime could achieve the desired outcome. Therefore, this study, funded by the Australian Sustainable Built Environment National Research Centre, explored the effectiveness of the current landfill levy across Australian jurisdictions. The paper presents the findings of this study that were obtained from a questionnaire survey aiming to capture the main C&D waste management stakeholders on landfill taxing imposition in Australia. The study collected 132 responses from professionals in the construction industry and other industries dealing with C&D waste management and resource recovery. The results demonstrated that those who believed in market incentive approaches outweigh people that were in favour of pecuniary impost approach. Among those who favoured pecuniary imposts, almost 90% of participants agreed with the effectiveness of landfill levies in any waste management system. Other results provided a useful insight into the actual implications of the current levy scheme. It is expected that the findings in this study contribute to developing sound policies that provide a level field for all key stakeholders and to ensure that resource recovery is further encouraged.
Quantitative Analysis and Correction of Temperature Effects on Fluorescent Tracer Concentration Measurement
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Zhu Heping , Guler Huseyin
Published: June 2020

To ensure an accurate evaluation of pesticide spray application efficiency and pesticide mixture uniformity, reliable and accurate measurements of fluorescence concentrations in spray solutions are critical. The objectives of this research were to examine the effects of solution temperature on measured concentrations of fluorescent tracers as the simulated pesticides and to develop models to correct the deviation of measurements caused by temperature variations. Fluorescent tracers (Brilliant Sulfaflavine (BSF), Eosin, Fluorescein sodium salt) were selected for tests with the solution temperatures ranging from 10.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The results showed that the measured concentrations of BSF decreased as the solution temperature increased, and the decrement rate was high at the beginning and then slowed down and tended to become constant. In contrast, the concentrations of Eosin decreased slowly at the beginning and then noticeably increased as temperatures increased. On the other hand, the concentrations of Fluorescein sodium salt had little variations with its solution temperature. To ensure the measurement accuracy, correction models were developed using the response surface methodology to numerically correct the measured concentration errors due to variations with the solution temperature. Corrected concentrations using the models agreed well with the actual concentrations, and the overall relative errors were reduced from 42.36% to 2.91% for BSF, 11.72% to 1.55% for Eosin, and 2.68% to 1.17% for Fluorescein sodium salt. Thus, this approach can be used to improve pesticide sprayer performances by accurately quantifying droplet deposits on target crops and off-target areas.
Evaluation of Three Different Vaccination Protocols against EHV1/EHV4 Infection in Mares: Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Attili Anna-Rita , Colognato Renato , Preziuso Silvia , Moriconi Martina , Valentini Silvia , Petrini Stefano , De Mia Gian , Cuteri Vincenzo
Published: June 2020

EHV1 and EHV4 are the most important herpesviruses in horses. Repeated cases of abortion in mares regularly vaccinated, prompted us to investigate the immune response after vaccination with the same inactivated vaccine, but with three different protocols. Eighteen mares were chosen and randomly divided in three study groups (G1-G2-G3) and a control group (Ctrl). For serologic and PCR investigations nasal swabs, sera and blood were collected. The protocol used in G3 (4 doses) increased the titer recorded by ELISA and seroneutralization (SN). Poor agreement and no correlation were observed in titer values between ELISA and SN and between SN and PCR. A very weak positive correlation between ELISA and PCR was obtained. Seven out of 18 nasal swabs were positive by PCR; none showed viremia and no abortion occurred, regardless of vaccination status and despite active circulation of EHV-1 in the farm at the time of the study. The study was conducted in field conditions, in a susceptible population with a known history of infection and abortion, and among the three protocols, the one proposed in the G1 was the least efficient while the one proposed for the G3, seems to have induced a higher antibody titer in both SN and ELISA.
Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Mohammad M. , El Zowalaty Mohamed E. , Islam Ariful , Khan Shahneaz A. , Rahman Md. K. , Järhult Josef D. , Hoque Md. A.
Published: June 2020

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses have pandemic potential, cause significant economic losses and are of veterinary and public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds in Bangladesh. We conducted an avian influenza sero-surveillance in wild and domestic birds in wetlands of Chattogram and Sylhet in the winter seasons 2012–2014. We tested serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), and randomly selected positive serum samples (170 of 942) were tested using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) to detect antibodies against the 16 different HA sero-subtypes. All AIV sero–subtypes except H7, H11, H14 and H15 were identified in the present study, with H5 and H9 dominating over other subtypes, regardless of the bird species. The diversity of HA sero-subtypes within groups ranged from 3 (in household chickens) to 10 (in migratory birds). The prevalence of the H5 sero-subtype was 76.3% (29/38) in nomadic ducks, 71.4% (5/7) in household chicken, 66.7% (24/36) in resident wild birds, 65.9% (27/41) in migratory birds and 61.7% (29/47) in household ducks. Moreover, the H9 sero-subtype was common in migratory birds (56%; 23/41), followed by 38.3% (18/47) in household ducks, 36.8% (14/38) in nomadic ducks, 30.6% (11/66) in resident wild birds and 28.5% (2/7) in household chickens. H1, H4 and H6 sero-subtypes were the most common sero-subtypes (80%; 8/10, 70%; 7/10 and 70%; 7/10, respectively) in migratory birds in 2012, H9 in resident wild birds (83.3%; 5/6) and H2 in nomadic ducks (73.9%; 17/23) in 2013, and the H5 sero-subtype in all types of birds (50% to 100%) in 2014. The present study demonstrates that a high diversity of HA subtypes circulated in diverse bird species in Bangladesh, and this broad range of AIV hosts may increase the probability of AIVs’ reassortment and may enhance the emergence of novel AIV strains. A continued surveillance for AIV at targeted domestic–wild bird interfaces is recommended to understand the ecology and evolution of AIVs.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF URBAN LAND USE ON THE EXAMPLE OF KRASNOYARSK
Authors: Badmaeva S. , Maksimov E.
Published: June 2020

In the modern world, in using land resources, we are faced with a number of problems, this is more expressed in megacities, because the majority of the population of our planet lives in these territories.

The article briefly analyzes the current state of Krasnoyarsk, physical-geographical and economic conditions of the city development. The issues of territorial planning in the city are considered on the example of the microdistrict "Pokrovsky". High-rise buildings and their crowding influenced on the formation of wind flows and dispersion of impurities. It is established that the building affects the wind speed, reducing it by nearly 25-30% compared to the undeveloped urban part. In a dense building, the wind speed can be reduced to 70%. Inefficient land use model is reflected in the quality of the living environment, including the connectivity of the territory. The infrastructure is developed for children of younger preschool age-yard areas are everywhere equipped with children's game elements. Social adaptability for the elderly in the district is poorly expressed. The issue of parking spaces is acute, and their lack indicates the impossibility of creating a neighborhood with a high level of quality of life. Local problems include the construction of noise screens along major highways, which have a low-quality design and technical solution. The provision of public transport is unsatisfactory. Spatially in the "intercession" we need a clear separation of yards and public spaces. Due to this, within the four large neighborhoods-quarters there will be a quasi-quarterly structure that helps to organize the hierarchy of spaces, eliminating or minimizing transit traffic through the yards.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND DESIGN FEATURES OF DESIGNING A MODULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE FOUNDATION FOR A HIGH-RISE BUILDING OF VARIOUS TYPES
Authors: Ahtyamova L. , Sabitov L. , Mailyan A. , Mailyan L. , Radaykin Oleg
Published: June 2020

The paper proposes a new type of modular collapsible reinforced concrete foundation for steel support for various types of structures: power lines, wind power plants, billboards, traffic lights, etc.The foundation has the shape of a cross-hammer in the plan and consists of separate modules manufactured at the factory and connected to each other by concrete dowels and tie bolts on the construction site. At the same time, this technological approach makes it possible to obtain more stable (uniform) strength and deformation properties of both the individual module and the assembled foundation as a whole. Reducing the material consumption is achieved by creating a cavity in each typical module and filling it with local inert material (soil). The central module has an anchor device for joining with the support according to the type of flange connection. This device, along with the use of conventional anchor bolts, involves filling the central module with non-shrinkable fast-hardening steel-fiber concrete. Thus, the positive result of the proposed solution is to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation as a whole, increase the strength and stiffness of its main joints, and simplify installation in comparison with traditional approaches to construction. A comparative calculation of the foundations of the proposed and standard known solutions showed the effectiveness of the first one by at least 17.2%.
Sur les points d'Eckhardt d'une surface cubique
Authors: Godeaux Lucien
Published: June 2020

On démontre que si une surface cubique possède trois points d'Eckardt situés sur une droite n'appartenant pas à la surface, celle-ci possède encore trois points d'Eckardt situés sur une droite n'appartenant pas non plus à la surface en utilisant une représentation plane de la surface.
Les hypersurfaces pseudo-isotropes dans un espace de Minkowski
Authors: Rosca Radu
Published: June 2020

Dans un espace de Minkowski Mn+1 on définit une hyper-surface Vn pseudo-isotrope (notée [formula]), comme étant une Vn orientée, pour laquelle la variété grassmanienne correspondante est amétrique. Après avoir introduit la notion de 1-forme caractéristique et de champ tangentiel caractéristique de [formula], on met en évidence différentes propriétés de [formula], liées à ces deux notions. Pour n = 3 (relativité restreinte) on formule une propriété qui a trait aux congruences de courbes isotropes tangentes à deux champs isotropes réels sur [formula].
De l'hexagone à l'hélice ou stéréochimie, hier et aujourd'hui
Authors: Bruylants Albert
Published: June 2020

En chimie, la « structure » ou «constitution », c'est le mode d'enchaînement des atomes dans la molécule. L'importance de cette question décisive dans l'étude des composés chimiques a été reconnue, il y a plus de cent ans maintenant.

Pour en illustrer les développements, l'auteur a choisi de brosser cinq tableaux. Le premier se rapporte aux travaux sur la constitution des corps aromatiques qui ont conduit son auteur, l'Allemand Kekulé, alors professeur de chimie générale à l'Université de Gand, à imaginer comme structure du benzène un hexagone régulier dont chaque sommet est occupé par un atome de carbone et un atome d'hydrogène (1865).

Le deuxième est relatif à la parution à Rotterdam en 1875 du fameux ouvrage de van 't Hoff « La chimie dans l'espace » qui inaugura l'ère de ce qu'on a appelé depuis la stéréochimie, et dans lequel se trouve décrite la configuration, c'est-à-dire la « structure spatiale » des molécules, aux dépens du modèle d'atome de carbone tétraédrique.

Le troisième tableau situe la scène à Bruxelles au « Quatrième Conseil de Chimie Solvay » tenu en juin 1931 et traitant du sujet « Constitution et configuration des molécules organiques ». Les travaux de ce Conseil avaient contribué notamment à mettre en pleine lumière l'importance de la « dissymétrie moléculaire », au point de vue de l'activité optique des molécules.

Le quatrième tableau est consacré au problème de la conformation. La conformation, c'est la forme particulière que peut prendre une chaîne ou un cycle hydrocarboné par rotation des atomes autour de leur axe commun et l'« Analyse conformationnelle » est l'étude quantitative de la conformation moléculaire. L'intérêt de cette analyse, reconnu depuis une vingtaine d'années seulement, a été souligné par le symposium organisé par la Société Chimique de Belgique, en septembre 1969. Peu après, le Prix Nobel de Chimie était décerné à deux pionniers de cette question, le Norvégien Hassel et l'Anglais Barton. Le dernier tableau décrit quelques traits caractéristiques de la stéréochimie des composés macromoléculaires naturels. L'auteur a évoqué à ce sujet la structure des protéines en choisissant deux exemples du plus haut intérêt au point de vue biologique : celui de l'« hélice » ou conformation hélicoïdale attribuée aux polypeptides par Pauling et Corey et celui de la « double hélice » que Crick et Watson ont proposé pour l'acide désoxyribonucléique, ce dernier étant la substance présente dans les noyaux cellulaires et responsable des caractères héréditaires.

Il est fait état de l'éminente contribution des savants belges à ces questions d'importance capitale pour la chimie moderne ; deux lettres inédites de Van 't Hoff, datant de 1875 sont publiées.
Application de la méthode matricielle — harmonique à l'intégration des équations différentielles linéaires d'ordre quelconque à coefficients périodiques
Authors: Mangeron Démètre J. , Oguztöreli Mehmet N. , Iasjulionis A. I.
Published: June 2020

Dans une série de ses travaux antérieurs, ayant pour but l'élaboration de différentes méthodes mathématiques aptes pour l'adaptation à l'usage des machines électroniques digitales de calcul, les auteurs ont élaboré la méthode matricielle-tensorielle, qui a été appliquée par eux-mêmes et ensuite par de nombreux auteurs surtout à la résolution des problèmes concernant l'analyse et la synthèse-cinématique et dynamique des mécanismes et des machines.

Dans ce travail les auteurs exposent des algorithmes pertinents aux opérations sur les séries trigonométriques qui constituent le fondement de la méthode matricielle-harmonique. Tout en renonçant d'exposer ici nombre d'applications concernant la théorie des mécanismes et des machines, les résultats acquis sont utilisés à l'intégration des équations différentielles linéaires d'ordre quelconque à coefficients périodiques.
A m-terms series-approximation for the cumulative gamma distribution function
Authors: Steyaert Herman
Published: June 2020

It is possible to approximate the gamma distribution function by means of the first terms of a series. The number of terms is determined needed to guarantee an accuracy η. Tables are given for usual values of η.
Écoulement et transfert de chaleur dans une cavité rectangulaire dont une paroi est mobile. Étude numérique
Authors: Godaux Francis
Published: June 2020

Cette étude donne les lignes de courant et les champs de température dans une cavité carrée dont la paroi supérieure, portée à une température différente de celle des autres parois, est rendue brusquement mobile. Les conclusions portent sur l'évolution dans le temps et l'état permanent des champs de température et des profils de vitesse pour quelques valeurs des nombres de Reynolds, Prandtl et Grashof. Les équations sont résolues numériquement en utilisant une méthode explicite et stable.
Solutions singulières des équations de l'hydrodynamique correspondant à des sources pulsatoires immergées
Authors: Sips Robert
Published: June 2020

Calcul de certaines solutions singulières des équations de l'hydrodynamique correspondant à une distribution périodique de sources pulsatoires immergées le long d'une droite parallèle à la surface libre d'un liquide de profondeur constante.
Suites de quadriques associées à un point d'une surface
Authors: Godeaux Lucien
Published: June 2020

Nous avons attaché en 1928 à un point d'une surface une suite de quadriques dont la première est la quadrique de Lie. Dans cette note, nous attachons en ce point deux nouvelles suites de quadriques présentant certaine analogie avec la première.
Quelques questions relatives aux ensembles boreliens convexes dans les espaces polonais linéaires
Authors: Haezendonck Jean
Published: June 2020

L. Dubins et D. Friedman [1] ont analysé le problème de l'enveloppe convexe d'un ensemble borelien dans l'espace ℝn Nous nous proposons de résoudre ici un problème inverse : étant donnés un ensemble borelien B et un ensemble convexe C dans un espace polonais linéaire et tel que C ⊂ B, est-il possible de trouver un ensemble borelien convexe C' vérifiant C ⊂ C' ⊂ B ?

Nous démontrons que cette proposition est vraie dans l'espace ℝ², mais qu'elle cesse de l'être en général dans les espaces ℝn pour n > 2. Ceci répond à une question de J. Feldman. Ensuite nous démontrons que dans des espaces polonais linéaires suffisamment généraux la projection d'un ensemble borelien et convexe suivant une direction sur un sous-espace polonais est un ensemble borelien.
Sur le calcul des paramètres de forme P et Q de l'interaction proton-proton
Authors: Naisse Jacques P.
Published: June 2020

Les problèmes posés par le calcul des paramètres de forme qui interviennent dans la théorie de la portée effective sont étudiés systématiquement, pour les méthodes de calcul existant dans la littérature, à propos de l'analyse précise de l'interaction proton — proton en onde S aux basses énergies. Un procédé est présenté, qui permet d'éliminer la plupart des difficultés. On donne en outre des valeurs de référence pour les quatre premiers coefficients du développement de portée effective, correspondant aux potentiels couramment employés pour représenter l'interaction pp, et tenant compte des effets coulombiens.
Étude cinétique de l'hydrolyse des amides. XVII. Constantes de vitesse d'hydrolyse acide d'amides aromatiques
Authors: Rysman de Lockerente S. , Van Brandt Paul , Bruylants Albert , De Buyl-Gaudissart M. , Hubert D.
Published: June 2020

In order to describe very accurately the reaction scheme of the acidic hydrolysis of amides (B) it is necessary to determine the value of the acidity constant (pKBH+) of the conjugated amidonium ion.

Connected with previous investigations in this area, following groups were examined along this line : a first one, R— CO— NH— C6H5— Y involving two different series (R = CH3— and C2H5— ) and for each one, Y = CH30-, CHS-, H— , Cl-, CH3CO-, N02-. A second one pertains to X— C6H4— CO— NH— C6H4— Y and is developed along five different series varying X (X = CH30— , CH3— , H— , Cl—, N02— ) and Y (Y = CH30-, CH3-, H-, Cl-, N02-).

Acidity functions, H0 and HA were used for that purpose and new values of were determined for anilides.
Sur les homographies cycliques de l'espace
Authors: Godeaux Lucien
Published: June 2020

Exposé d'une méthode pour déterminer la structure des points unis isolés des homographies cycliques de l'espace,
Sur les suites de quadriques attachées aux points d'une surface
Authors: Godeaux Lucien
Published: June 2020

Détermination des cas où une quadrique des suites est fixe ou dépend d'un paramètre.
Une variété algébrique à trois dimensions dotée d'une surface canonique d'ordre zéro
Authors: Godeaux Lucien
Published: June 2020

Construction d'une variété algébrique à trois dimensions dont la surface canonique est d'ordre zéro. Étude d'une involution cyclique d'ordre trois appartenant à cette variété.
Action du laser C02 sur le spectre d'absorption infrarouge du C02
Authors: Hemptinne Marc de , Fayt A. , Van Riet R.
Published: June 2020

Le travail met en évidence l'effet d'un laser C02 sur le spectre d'absorption de ce même gaz dans la région de 15 fi. On étudie plus spécialement le comportement des raies d'absorption sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser régulièrement interrompu. Eu égard aux variations de population des états excités, on explique de manière satisfaisante les variations d'intensité de l'absorption en fonction des temps d'irradiation.

L'action du laser sur le spectre d'absorption d'un mélange de C02 et de gaz non absorbants apparaît comme une fonction de la conductibilité thermique du mélange.
Contribution à la pondération des points d'observation
Authors: Debehogne Henri
Published: June 2020

In the plate reduction, when a polynomial transformation is used, the minimum of the effect of an error calculated at the point where the error is acting does not always coincide with the plate centre (Debehogne, 1972). We have proved this property by means of a network (fictitious stars). Here, we will present a theoretical demonstration for the first and second order (straight line and parabole).

For the first order, the minimum coïncides with the reference points centre (table I).

For the second order, the minimum coïncides with this centre only when B = [formule], where n is the number of reference points, xt the abcisses, [xt2] = [formule]

i

Moreover, there are two maxima symetrically displayed around the centre for n < B. When B < n < 3 B,

we have a maximum at the centre and two minima.

See this extrema values in table II.
An evolution criterion for gravitational systems
Authors: Haggerty M. J. , Severne G.
Published: June 2020

An evolution criterion is established for weakly-coupled gravitational systems without statistical inhomogeneities. Boltzmann's H decreases, without however approaching a limiting value. The evolution of the velocity distribution is towards a maxwellian, but the approach is deflected by an instability of the maxwellian distributions themselves. The velocity dispersion increases monotonically as new spatial correlations are created.
Critère de stabilité d'un fluide non stationnaire
Authors: Banaï Nozar
Published: June 2020

Use of generalized excess entropy production properties to establish the stability regions of a time dependent hydrodynamic process.
Integral representation for the product of a class of generalized hypergeometric polynomials
Authors: Srivastava Hari Mohan , Joshi C. M.
Published: June 2020

For the product of two different members of the class of polynomials {Φn[z]} introduced by means of the generating relation [formule]

where pFQ[z] denotes a generalized hypergeometric function, the authors give here a general integral representation in terms of a third member of the class and discuss its numerous interesting special cases including results proved recently in the theory of certain classical polynomials.
Coefficient alpha, poids sec en surplus, allométrie et croissance des végétaux
Authors: Ledent Jean-François
Published: June 2020

Coefficient alpha , surplus weight, allometry and plant growth.

A detailed discussion of the biological and mathematical considerations leading to the definitions of growth parameters such as coefficient alpha and surplus weight is presented.

The study of relationships between leaf area and total dry weight with these parameters appears to have little chance to be meaningful for the understanding of plant growth and for grain yield prediction. The basic hypotheses in the theory leading to the introduction of these parameters are unconvinicing. There are gaps and inconsistencies in the theoretical developments leading to the concept of surplus weight. A knowledge of the values taken by alpha is only secondary for the calculation of surplus weight. Several computational and mathematical difficulties may result in making observed values of these two parameters unlikely to have any physiological meaning.
Espaces pseudo-riemanniens homogènes à quatre dimensions
Authors: Sengier-Diels J.
Published: June 2020

Nous construisons les métriques pseudo-riemanniennes admettant au moins un groupe d'isométries de dimension quatre en considérant les espaces simplement connexes pour lesquels l'isotropie est discrète. Il existe alors sur l'espace un groupe d'isométries simplement transitif et l'espace est isométrique à un groupe de Lie sur lequel est définie une forme quadratique invariante par les translations à gauche.

Dans un article ultérieur nous étudierons les propriétés physiques de certains de ces espaces.
Nouvelles mesures de l'ultraviolet solaire dans la stratosphère
Authors: Simon P. C.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. — New measurements of the solar flux in the wavelength bands 196-230 nm and 284-354 nm have been made in the stratosphere with an Ebert-Fastie spectrometer of focal length 25 cm with a pass-band of 0.6 nm. The instrument was on a stabilized stratospheric gondola and was directed towards the sun. The ultra-violet solar spectra obtained with various solar zenith angles lead, by extrapolation to zero air-mass, to the determination of the magnitude of the extraterrestrial solar flux. Below 225 nm the newly measured values are lower than those generally adopted, the apparent temperature of the sun being of the order of 4700 K at 200 nm. Between 225 nm and 310 nm they are in good agreement with Broadfoot (1971) and for wavelengths greater than 310 nm they agree with Arvesen et al. (1969).
La vocation de la biophysique
Authors: Duchesne Jules
Published: June 2020

The author begins by discussing the two main fundamental methods, i.e. integrism and reductionism, which are used for the interpretation of the physical world.

But the main idea which dominates this paper is based on an analogy between Mendeleïev's periodic law which transcends inorganic matter, and the behaviour of living beings.

It is suggested that, just as atomic masses were used to classify the species in the inanimate world, it would be valuable to codify the organic world in terms of maximal life-spans.

A theory was recently worked out by the author to interpret this very general phenomenon on the basis of the concentrations of organic free radicals in the brain. This is strictly related to the presence of a more or less free electron, which itself explains the remarkable structure of the periodic system.

Further, suggestions are made concerning other fundamental properties of living matter, such as senescence and cancer, and these are integrated with life-span in a unifying theory.

It is mainly in these directions, based on a research of holistic properties of living matter, that a new way is opened up for the further evolution of biophysics itself.
Propagateurs des champs spinoriels et vectoriels dans l'univers de de Sitter
Authors: Schomblond Christiane , Spindel Philippe
Published: June 2020

Propagators for spin 1/2 and spin 1 fields in de Sitter's universe are build through the method explained in using the splitting into positive and negative frequencies of the solutions of the field equations.
Modèles théoriques de la division du travail dans les sociétés d'insectes
Authors: Deneubourg Jean-Louis , Allen P. M.
Published: June 2020

Un modèle théorique est développé ici en vue de mettre en relation le développement et la sélection d'une société d'insectes et son organisation de la division du travail. L'accent est mis sur le rôle de la taille de la colonie, sur les régulations entre les différentes castes et leur efficacité respective. Ces différents points ainsi que les rôles des fluctuations comme initiateurs des structures sont étudiés à l'aide des concepts d'ordre par fluctuations introduits récemment par I. Prigogine.
Infinite families of hypohamiltonian graphs
Authors: Gutt Simone
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to prove that all graphs G,(m,n) defined by Doyen and Van Diest are hypohamiltonian for every odd integer t > 3.
Règles de sélection pour une nouvelle classe d'intégrales radiales. II
Authors: Demeur Marcel
Published: June 2020

Les éléments de matrice à un corps des puissances de la variable radiale entre les fonctions radiales de l'oscillateur harmonique ont été étudiées. Les conditions de nullité ont été établies de manière exhaustive. Certaines propriétés nouvelles ont été étendues aux éléments de matrice dont les fonctions sont hydrogénoïdes (radiales, liées).
On the relativistic harmonic oscillator quark model for Baryons
Authors: Bijtebier Jacques
Published: June 2020

We calculate the matrix elements of the vector, axial-vector and pion currents between the nucleon and its excited states, in the framework of the relativistic harmonic oscillator quark model. We use the algebraic method of Feynman, Kislinger and Ravndal, but we adopt Lipes' choice of the fundamental states of the timelike oscillators. We give numerical results for the nucleon axial form factor and for the partial widths of the baryonic resonances decaying into a pion and a nucleon.
L'utilisation de la « Dispersion de Taylor » pour la séparation isotopique
Authors: Paiva M. , Nagel Ph. , Friedberger M. , Legros J.-C. , Thomaes G. , Jeener J.
Published: June 2020

Une nouvelle méthode de séparation isotopique basée sur la « Dispersion de Taylor » a mené au dépôt d'un brevet de principe. Le but de cette note est d'une part, de présenter quelques considérations théoriques sur ce nouveau procédé ainsi qu'une évaluation préliminaire du coût de production d'isotopes stables et d'autre part de montrer les premiers résultats expérimentaux obtenus.

Nous aborderons successivement les points suivants :

I. Considérations théoriques

1. «Dispersion de Taylor. »

2. Description succincte du nouveau dispositif de séparation isotopique.

3. Facteur de séparation théorique.

4. Coût énergétique de la séparation C12H4-C13H4.

5. Possibilités d'amélioration du système de séparation.

II. Résultats expérimentaux

1. Description de l'appareillage.

2. Discussion des résultats expérimentaux obtenus.

a. Mesure de la « Dispersion de Taylor ».

b. Effet d'injections successives.

c. Séparation de deux gaz.

III. Conclusions.
Abondance du méthane tellurique déterminée à partir de l'analyse de la bande 2v3
Authors: Malbrouck R.
Published: June 2020

Deux spectres solaires à très haute résolution ont été enregistrés par la méthode de spectroscopie par transformation de Fourier à la Station Scientifique Internationale du Jungfraujoch, dans la région de la bande 2ν3 du méthane. Les positions précises des raies de cette bande ainsi que leurs demi-largeurs ont été déterminées. Le taux de mélange moyen du méthane dans l'atmosphère terrestre, déduit de l'analyse de nombreux multiplets de la bande 2ν3, est de 1.48 10-6
Double détection synchrone en spectrométrie de résonance à faisceau moléculaire
Authors: Guisset J.-L. , Liévin J.-C.
Published: June 2020

Un système de mesure utilisant un mini-ordinateur fonctionnant en temps réel effectue une double détection synchrone de l'intensité du faisceau d'un spectromètre micro-onde à faisceau moléculaire. Les deux grandeurs simultanées ainsi obtenues permettent d'améliorer la reproductibilité des mesures de spectres, en réduisant l'effet des variations à long terme (>10 min) de l'intensité du faisceau.
Évolution, involution, sénescence et cancer
Authors: Duchesne Jules
Published: June 2020

The paper develops and extends views expressed earlier by the author. The different new concepts concerning prebiotic and biotic evolution, as well as the extinction of species, are now interpreted by a single mechanism which is based on the variation, in both directions, of the molecular weight of DNA. Then, the meaning of the apparent passivity of a large percentage of this compound inside the nucleus is explained.

Following this, the phenomena of ageing of the individual and of cancer are integrated into the general behaviour of living matter and new types of therapy are inferred from this.
Linear oscillations of 4th order of Jacobi ellipsoids
Authors: Aubin Gilles
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with linear oscillations of fourth order (l = 4) of Jacobi ellipsoids. A classical approach in Cartesian coordinates by means of the Lagrangian displacement is used to obtain characteristic frequencies and associated coefficients of deformation. Moreover, the pressure and gravitationnal potential inside the perturbed configuration can easily be calculated from these values. It is found that there are 16 oscillation modes associated with the l = 4 perturbation ; one of these modes presents a point of bifurcation.
Théorie du champ pictural : Les facteurs spatiaux
Authors: Guiraud Jean , Lison Pierre
Published: June 2020

Ce travail aboutit à paramétriser l'espace pictural. Il nomme les facteurs qui sont impliqués dans la perception de l'espace, définit la façon de les quantifier et fixe la méthode qui permet le calcul de leurs interactions.

La validité de cette méthode et son adéquation aux œuvres picturales ont été testées sur l'œuvre de Mondrian.
Application de la théorie de l'alimentation équilibrée des végétaux aux parties de plantes
Authors: Homès Marcel Victor , Homès-Van Schoor Germaine , Perez Aranda Luis
Published: June 2020

La démonstration de la validité des principes et des méthodes de la théorie de l'alimentation minérale équilibrée des végétaux, donnée pour la plante entière dans une note précédente, est étendue ici aux parties de la plante (feuilles, racine) et la quantité de sucre élaborée par plante.
Repères symétriques de solutions de type D des équations de Maxwell-Einstein avec constante cosmologique
Authors: Debever Robert , McLenaghan Raymond G.
Published: June 2020

Rigid symmetrical null tetrad already considered by McLenaghan, Taricq and Debever [4] are proven to exist in a family D1 of solutions of Maxwell-Einstein equations with cosmological constant. One deduces the general form of a metic with an abelian isometry group G2, orthogonally transitive. The case of null orbits is presented.
On the boundary behaviour of BLD functions and some applications
Authors: Jackson Howard L.
Published: June 2020

Our results indicate that if u is a BLD potential on the unit disk Ω then u has a minimal fine limit in the sense of J. Lelong-Ferrand ([17]) and L. Naïm ([18]) everywhere on the unit circle. If h ∈ HD(Ω) where HD(Ω) constitutes the space of Dirichlet finite (or BLD) harmonic functions then we have also proved that the minimal fine cluster set is always contained in the radial cluster set at every point on the unit circle. For any BLD function on Ω it is therefore true that its minimal fine cluster set at any point of the unit circle is contained in the radial cluster set of its harmonic component. Comparable results do not hold for ordinary fine cluster sets (or equivalently full-fine cluster sets at the Kuramochi boundary) even when we are dealing with bounded, univalent analytic functions and we are therefore able to answer a question raised by Ohtsuka ([19], p. 295) in the negative.
Espaces symétriques pseudo-riemanniens à groupe d'isométries semi-simple admettant une structure symplectique invariante
Authors: Parker Monique
Published: June 2020

We determine the pseudo-riemannian symmetric spaces with completely reducible holonomy which admit an invariant symplectic structure.
Théorie du champ pictural : Les facteurs lumineux
Authors: Guiraud Jean
Published: June 2020

On définit ici le mode de calcul des interactions lumineuses, qu'elles soient liées ou non à celles des couleurs.
Analyses booléenne et continue de systèmes comportant des boucles de rétroaction. I. Analyse continue des boucles de rétroaction simples
Authors: Richelle Jean
Published: June 2020

Nous qualifions de simples les boucles de rétroaction dont chaque élément exerce un contrôle direct (positif ou négatif) uniquement sur l'élément de la boucle qui le suit immédiatement et n'est lui-même directement contrôlé que par l'élément qui le précède. Chaque élément exerce cependant un contrôle indirect sur son propre développement ultérieur, via les autres éléments de la boucle. Ce contrôle est positif ou négatif selon la parité du nombre d'interactions négatives dans la boucle ; aussi qualifions-nous de positives les boucles qui comportent un nombre pair d'interactions négatives, de négatives les boucles qui en comportent un nombre impair.

Les boucles positives simples peuvent avoir des états stationnaires multiples, mais un comportement périodique stable ne leur est pas permis. Par contre les boucles négatives, qui, en aucun cas, n'ont des états stationnaires multiples, peuvent présenter un comportement cyclique.
Controlling the 1ESO13 spectrometer for spacelab and its data retrieval
Authors: Lippens C.
Published: June 2020

The Command and Data Management System for Spacelab is described and how it is used to control the Grille Spectrometer, how the experiment data is handled until it finally reaches the Ground Support Equipment in the Payload Operations Control Center for display and storage.
Construction of a physical representation for sequential decay
Authors: Hénin Françoise
Published: June 2020

We consider a three level system (| 2 >, | 1 >, | 0>) where levels I 2 > — I 1 > interact through one kind of bosons and levels | 1 > — | 0 > interact through another kind of bosons. Only real transitions are included in the hamiltonian. This simple model allows the discussion of sequential decay in a non perturbative way and leads to an interpretation of line shape as a consequence of the existence of two boson processes. In this paper, we show how to construct the elements of the evolution operator describing the cascade decay in a physical representation.
Twilight observations from a balloon gondola. Preliminary results
Authors: Ackerman Marcel , Lippens C. , Muller C. , Vrignault P.
Published: June 2020

Twilight data obtained photographically from a stratospheric balloon platform in the falls of 1980 and 1981 and in the spring of 1982 are presented for blue and red light. They indicate the presence of a dust light absorbing and scattering layer in the mesosphere at altitudes near 60 km with a low scattering albedo (0.1) at 0.44 (im. The optical efficiency of the layer increases more than 10 times when the wavelength of the interacting light changes from 0.65 (im to 0.44 (im. At the zenith and near sunset, the natural 0.44 um extinction optical thickness and the cm2column scattering rate due to this layer are respectively found to be 6.6 x 10-2 and 0.18 mega Rayleigh per À on May 3, 1982 above the south west of France.

The observations are presented in the framework of other data derived from ground, aircraft, balloons and spacecraft observations.
Composition et exportations minérales du tournesol en fonction de la dose alimentaire
Authors: Luyindula Nuanisa
Published: June 2020

Between the limits of the studied concentrations, the mineral content (meg/ 100 g dry matter) responds linearly to the concentration.

For aerial parts, the variation indexes are highest for nitrogen and potas¬ sium. But for the seeds, this indexes are highest for sulphur, phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium.

The anionic to the cationic ratio (A/C) in seeds increases with the concentration of the solution, but stays invariant in the aerial parts.

The exportation of mineral content are curvilinear with the concentration of the solution : the fonction Homès-Van Schoor gives a very good estimation {y = kCpe-mC). A curvilinear function between mineral content and concentration can also be determined from the fonctions of exportation and yield. The advantage of estimation is not enough to chose the curvilinear function and the linear one is chosen for the facility of the calculation.
Sur les espaces-temps qui admettent un tenseur de Killing avec une caractéristique de Sègre [(11) (11)]
Authors: Pàpacostas Taxiarchis
Published: June 2020

Résumé. — Nous explicitons les espaces-temps solutions des équations d'Einstein qui admettent un tenseur de Killing avec une caractéristique de Sègre [(11) (11)], dont les valeurs propres λ, et λ2 ne sont pas des constantes et pour lesquels (t + ï)Ǫ — Ǫ) + 0. En général les espaces en question n'admettent pas de groupe d'isométries et ils sont une généralisation des espaces de B. Carter ; nous trouvons la condition nécessaire et suffisante pour l'existence d'un groupe d'isométries abélien à deux paramètres à orbites isotropes ou non isotropes (G2). Nous examinons les deux cas séparément et nous faisons une étude systématique pour le cas du G2 à orbites non isotropes.
Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a polar fluid through a porous medium
Authors: Raptis A.
Published: June 2020

An analysis of a two dimensional flow of an electrically conducting and polar fluid (couples stresses) through a porous medium bounded by an infinite horizontal and porous plate, by the presence of a magnetic field has been carried out. Expression for the velocity field is derived and the effects of the different parameters entering into the problem are graphically presented and discussed.
Normal coordinate analysis and spectroscopic constants of formic acid and its isotopes
Authors: Natarajan A. , Kolandaivel P.
Published: June 2020

A normal coordinate analysis has been performed for the molecule formic acid and its isotopes. The force constants have been computed assuming the GVFF. Using the force constants other spectroscopic constants such as mean square amplitudes of vibration, generalized mean square ampli¬ tudes of vibration, Coriolis coupling coefficients, centrifugal distortion constants have been calculated and presented here. With the aid of vibrational frequencies and the structural parameters, the thermodynamics functions such as heat content, heat capacity, free energy and entropy have also been evaluated.
Higher order nonlinear boundary value problems with finitely many solutions
Authors: Ermens Bernadette , Mawhin Jean
Published: June 2020

A class of boundary conditions for higher order analytic ordinary differential equations is introduced for which the existence of some a priori bounds for the possible solutions implies the finiteness of the set of solutions. Applications are given to nonresonant and to resonant boundary value problems.
Emploi de l'adjectif anglais free pour désigner les membres des corporations médiévales (abstract)
Authors: Buyssens Eric
Published: June 2020

In the middle ages, the adjective free was used in words like freemason, freeprinter with a meaning that has now disappeared except in a few expressions like free-stone, free wind ; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the meaning was «of excellent quality ». And such was the meaning of the anglo-norman adjective franc m franc-mason (sic) ; in modern French it survives in a few expressions like vin franc, pierre franche. In the 1 8th century that meaning was forgotten when freemaon was translated by vrijmetselaar in Dutch, freimaurer in German, libero muratore in Italian.
Note sur l'évolution éthologique et le problème du comportement éthique
Authors: Thinès Georges
Published: June 2020

This note reconsiders briefly some basic concepts of ethological theory and discusses their bearing on the objective analysis of man's ethical behaviour.
Premières tentatives d 'introduction du système métrique en médecine et en pharmacie
Authors: Radoux Lambert , Lecomte Jean
Published: June 2020

La nécessité de mettre en œuvre un système de mesure simple, cohérent, reposant sur des étalons assurés, utilisable par tous a été comprise par les hommes éclairés qui firent la Révolution française. La construction du système métrique est la conséquence de leur clairvoyance. Ils ont été aussi conscients de l'importance que revêt l'adoption de ce système et des unités décimales par les médecins et les pharmaciens. Le résumé d'un rapport présenté l'an X devant la Société de médecine de Paris par 3 citoyens, et publié dans nos régions le 16 messidor an X (5 juillet 1802), par les soins du ministère de l'Intérieur témoigne des efforts de rationalisation du gouvernement en matière de santé publique. Ils visaient à prévenir les accidents liés à la diversité des poids et mesures utilisés en pharmacie.

Ces efforts n'eurent pas les effets escomptés car ils se sont heurtés aux traditions d'une profession bloquée dans un empirisme et un formalisme outranciers. Il a fallu attendre la transformation de la médecine en une science pour que le recours au système métrique s'impose irréversiblement.
An existence theorem of Nontrivial Solutions of Semilinear Equations in Reflexive Banach Spaces and Its Applications
Authors: Tang Chun-Lei
Published: June 2020

In this paper, an existence theorem is obtained for nontrival solutions of semilinear equations in reflexive Banach spaces with the duality technique in infinite-dimensional spaces and the nonsmooth mountain pass theorem, a new existence theorem is then obtained for nonzero periodic solutions of suplinear nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems with the abstract results.
On the linear evolution of the surface of a viscous incompressible fluid
Authors: Cerda Enrique , Tirapegui Enrique
Published: June 2020

We consider a layer of viscous incompressible fluid on a plate which can be vibrated vertically and we derive an equation which is non local in time for the linear evolution of the deformation of the surface in contact with the atmosphere. The equation is used to study the decay of a deformation of the surface. We characterize an interesting regime of high viscosity where the equation becomes local and we use it to study Faraday's instability. A new scenario is found for low frequency of the forcing.

Key words : viscous fluid, Faraday's instability, lubrication regime.