bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of the Cardiovascular Diseases – with Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Kóródi Gyula
Published: February 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Non–fatal cardiovas- cular episodes suffered by hundreds of millions of people present an enormous burden even on the most developed health care systems. The amelioration of the mortality  and morbidity of the working population has a tremendous economic impact. The increase of the life expectancy at birth by 10 percent could result in a 0,4 percent GDP growth in the economy. With early detection of the risk factors of cardiovascular episodes and with  normalization of risk factors we can find a more effective method for preventing cardiovascular disease.
Experience in the Use of Military Forces in Flood Protection
Authors: Padányi József
Published: February 2022

The tasks of the Hungarian Defence Forces have changed significantly due to the evolving security challenges. While the level of traditional threats has decreased, there are new challenges approaching, which influence the sense of security in society. These are terrorism, the effects of climate change (floods, snow storms) and cyber crimes. To face the risk factors defined in the National Military Strategy we are in need of changes in preparation, in the set of military assets and in the educational framework. As a result, officer  and NCO training and education will be transformed too. We are looking for solutions which can raise the security level of our soldiers in domestic tasks and abroad in international missions.
Short Study on Performance of Air Surveillance Augmented by Twin Radars
Authors: Balajti István
Published: February 2022

Detection of targets at low altitudes with a low Radar Cross Section (RCS) such as drones and stealth could challenge Air Surveillance systems and this situation must be addressed in a cost–effective way. This paper summarizes the newly emerged technical challenges of the Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) and gives solutions on how to overcome recognized shortcomings. In addition it highlights problems and requirements related to drone maneuvering capabilities and their very low RCS. This article summarizes challenges and gives a synthesized solution to the network centric approach based on the short distance Gaussian bi–static radar concept called twin radar coherent signal fusion. The idea is to explore advantages of the twin radar concept such as doubled detection range, increased, superior angular resolution of the system and increased plot update frequency. Examples for the twin radar performance demonstration are based on VHF radar, which has unique capabilities such as exploitation of multipath and resonance frequency for drones. A few peculiarities of the new signal processing are introduced with the extended air traffic control and monitoring network structure.
Place and Role of Cultural Anthropology in the Military
Authors: Sztankai Krisztián
Published: February 2022

Action–anthropology is one branch of cultural anthropology that as an interdiscipline can promote the more effective functioning of the system of the Hungarian Defence Force’s mission operations planning, training, and task implementation. Cultural anthropology — and the sub–discipline action–anthropology — is a branch of social science utilizing methods of theory and knowledge to solve prac- tical social problems; therefore, it is suitable for special research in mission areas.
Thoughts on the Book Nuclear Reactor Safety
Authors: Csurgai József , Solymosi Máté
Published: February 2022

In 2013 December, the SOMOS Environmental Protection Ltd. and the ELTE Eötvös Publishing Company published a new book dedicated to the safety of nuclear reactors and having analogous title (“Nuclear reactor safety”). For the readers of Academic and Applied Research in Military Science we want to present some considerations for reviewing the book.
War Grave Excavation Methods: Survey, Results and Suggestions
Authors: Tóth Zsolt
Published: February 2022

War graves, or war heroes’ graves, are burial places for soldiers who fell in battle while serving their homeland, or as a result of fighting for their country. War graves around the world are, from time to time, excavated — either by chance or by design — and the earthly remains of the warriors resting within may be exhumed. The following study primarily seeks answers to the questions of who should, in such cases, carry out the excavation of a war grave? Which areas of science may be affected by the excavation? What types of experts can be involved in such instances? And what methods exist for this purpose? A further objective of the study is to make recommendations on the optimal methodology that may be applied by experts in Hungary.
The First Global War
Authors: Matus János
Published: February 2022

The 100th anniversary of the start of the First World War provides an opportunity to take stock of efforts by the international community regarding the prevention of comparable catastrophes. Rethinking the lessons learned from the first global war in the era of increasing globalisation has special significance. Many authors think that the First World War was preceded by the first era of globalisation. Mutual economic interests could not prevent war in the second decade of the 20th century. Growing hostility among states stopped the process of globalisation. Could it happen again? There is no certain answer to this question. With the help of international institutions states have been able to reduce the risks of major conflict. However, the fundamental roots of conflict still exist. The urgent task of establishing a more harmonious relationship among individuals, societies, governance, economy and the environment, is still ahead of us.
Supporting Emerging States: Kosovo — Hungary : Relations after the Independence of Kosovo
Authors: Géci-Sherifi Shkendije
Published: February 2022

Emergence of new states is a rather complicated concept of an international system that entails political as well as legal implications. As Danilo Turk clearly points out:“Legal issues arising from dissolution of states, emergence of new states and recognition of the latter require a thorough understanding of the relevant facts. While it is obvious that any legal discourse must proceed from firm factual foundations, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the circumstantial dimensions of the issues, given that the views on the pertinent facts usually diverge, at least during the policy making stage”.Indeed, the recognition of emerging states needs a profound assessment and comprehension of facts, historic and political circumstances, especially the factual reality; the latter sometimes supersedes eventual legal disputes. However, the factual reality, if legitimate, as in the case of Kosovo is something that should not be ignored but rather supported, especially in the state building process. Hence, the paper will give a depiction of the case of the independence of Kosovo as a sui generis case, and will continue with an outline of the Hungarian support, namely the evolvement of Kosovo-Hungary bilateral relations after the declaration of independence. The paper will tend to highlight the fact that the support of Kosovo as an emerging state, serves peace and long–term stability, regional development and other integration processes. It contributes to regional security, as well.
Nephews as Subjects of Inheritance: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Maliar S. A. , Gryshchenko L. V.
Published: February 2022

The article is focused on the problems of legal succession by a special category of lawful heirs – nephews. The analysis of scientific works, the authors of which studied specific features of legal succession, has been carried out. All stages of legal succession in accordance with the Civil Code of Ukraine have been listed. The current legislation, court decisions, legal doctrine have been analyzed; and it has been established that inheritance by nephews has problems in practical application.

The procedure of inheritance by nephews according to the right of representation has been studied taking into account that it currently remains one of the problematic issues in practical application. It has been established that it is the way how the legislator protects the property rights and interests of the latter. The authors have determined that if there are several lawful heirs (nephew, niece), the share of the deceased testator is divided equally between lawful heirs.

It has been noted that inheritance law as an institution of civil law occupies a leading place in the system of protecting human rights and interests. It is due to the fact that hereditary relations began to be formed and protected by Roman lawyers. Both our state and many foreign states still pay much attention to improving the legislation in the field of inheritance law.

The authors have noted that the relevance of the above institution is the fact that the subject matter of these legal relations are always property rights and responsibilities, and their protection depends on the proper implementation of the law enforcement function of state authorities. Given that the legal consequences for lawful heirs occur after the death of the testator, the main task of state authorities is to ensure the proper transfer of inheritance to lawful heirs.

The authors of the paper have focused on the way how to prove the family and other relations of lawful heirs with the testator, because it is an important aspect of inheritance relations, since the correct establishment of family relationship influences the legal transfer of inheritance. It has been established that there are practical and theoretical problems in these legal relations, which are related to the procedure of inheritance transfer to the above-mentioned subjects.
Economic and Legal Problems of Banning the Sale of Agricultural Lands of State and Municipal Ownership
Authors: Bryhadyr I. V.
Published: February 2022

The article is focused on studying perspectives and problems of implementing amendments to land legislation related to the abolition of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural lands and the introduction of free circulation of these lands. The purpose of the work is to identify the main economic and legal problems that will arise in connection with the ban from July 1, 2021 on the alienation of agricultural lands of state and municipal ownership.

The main problems associated with the introduction of a ban on the sale of state and municipal lands are the restriction of economic competition and equality of ownership under the law, the withdrawal of plots included in economic circulation and economic activity from the land market; creation of conditions for uncontrolled and free withdrawal of lands from state and municipal ownership by their free transfer to the ownership of citizens; underfunding of infrastructure projects of local significance.

It has been offered to limit the ban on the sale of agricultural lands of state and municipal ownership in Part 7 of the Art. 130 of the Land Code of Ukraine (as amended on July 1, 2021) only to land plots that are now on the rights of land use of state and municipal enterprises, institutions and organizations and are used for statutory goals of these entities; in case of redemption of land plots of state and municipal ownership at auction by their current land user, we should introduce installment payment mechanisms for such land user in case he acquires the right to lease until 2019; to cancel the action of paragraph “b” of Part 1 of the Art. 121 of the Land Code of Ukraine concerning the free of charge transfer of land plots in the property of the ground areas for conducting personal peasant economy.

The results of the study can be used in the lawmaking practice to improve land legislation in terms of the creation and operation of free circulation of agricultural lands.
Perspectives for Reforming Criminal Procedural Legislation Regarding the Regulation of Investigative (Search) Actions Restricting the Inviolability of Housing or Other Personal Possession
Authors: Salmanov O. V.
Published: February 2022

The author of the article identifies the main directions of reforming the criminal procedural legislation on investigative (search) actions that restrict the inviolability of housing or other personal possession.

In particular, the author emphasizes that it is necessary to offer: clarification of the content of the concept of "housing" and "other personal possession" stated in Part 2 of the Art. 233 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine; clear definition of the interpretation of the terms of "search of housing or other personal possession" and "inspection of housing or other personal possession" contained in Part 1 of the Art. 234 and Part 2 of the Art. 237 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine; clarification of the provisions of Part 2 of the Art. 237 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine on the grounds for inspection of housing or other personal possession; providing the possibility of conducting search of a vehicle, where the detainee was, in accordance with Part 3 of the Art. 208 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine; definitions in the Articles 234, 236, 237, 240 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine of the interrogator as a subject of search, inspection and investigative experiment.

It is emphasized that perspective areas for the development of criminal procedural legislation to regulate investigative (search) actions that restrict the inviolability of housing or other personal possession is to solve the problem of attracting free legal aid for a person who has no procedural status, but investigators continue investigative (search) actions against that person; determination of the procedural status of witnesses who are involved into investigative (search) actions; determination of the mechanism of addressing of the property’s owner with the petition to return the seized property during carrying out investigative (search) actions restricting inviolability of housing or other personal possession.

It is emphasized that the elimination of the above gaps in the criminal procedural legislation, in order to ensure the functioning of an effective mechanism to ensure respect for constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms during pre-trial investigation and court proceedings, is the primary and main task for reforming criminal procedural legislation regarding investigative (search) actions that restrict the inviolability of housing or other personal possession.
Requirements for Police Officer’s Personality in Terms of Globalization and the Implementation of International Standards of Law Enforcement Officers’ Conduct
Authors: Shvets D. V. , Rastorguyeva N. O.
Published: February 2022

The emphasis has been placed on the fact that the training of law enforcement officers must currently take into account the global challenges to society, the state and the international community.

The purpose of the research is to determine the requirements for the police officer’s personality in terms of globalization and the implementation of international standards of law enforcement officers’ conduct. The tasks are to determine the list of topical issues that should be taken into account during the training of police officers, and to outline the main characteristics of a modern police officer in accordance with international standards of law enforcement officer’s conduct.

The following requirements to the police officer’s personality have been singled out on the basis of international documents: ability to be at the same time the representative of a society, the state and the law; respect for the law, honesty, professionalism; intolerance to any action that constitutes torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, intolerance to corruption; intolerance to racism and xenophobia; ability to show prudence, tolerance, maturity, sense of justice and communication skills, and if necessary – leadership and organizational qualities; indifference to politics that ensures objectivity of policing and equal treatment of citizens; high professionalism, honesty, impartiality and efficiency, taking into account only the public interests and the interests of the people they serve to, etc.

It has been concluded that the educational process in higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine given the current requirements and threats, as well as taking into account the provisions of international law enforcement standards, should be aimed at: 1) providing in-depth study of international human rights standards and law enforcement officers conduct in order to guarantee a positive development of future police officer’s personality; 2) updating and expanding the methods of problem-based learning in order to form the competencies provided by international standards of law enforcement activity; 3) using interactive forms, methods and innovative tools that allow to form the relevant personal qualities of police officers by modeling situations of professional activity; 4) practical training on the use of force and its permissible limits in terms of the principles established in the field of human rights, in particular in the European Convention on Human Rights, and in relevant law enforcement practice, which should be a part of police professional training at all levels.
Система проведення змагань у кіберспорті
Authors: Анохін Едуард
Published: February 2022

Анотація. На сучасному етапі розвитку спорту кіберспорт виступає як соціальне явище в широкому розумінні цього визначення і як спорт що містить спільні риси, притаманні іншим видам спорту. Мета. Дослідити та визначити особливості системи проведення змагань у кіберспорті. Методи. Аналіз літературних джерел та даних мережі Інтернет; опитування; узагальнення. Вирішення поставлених завдань здійснювали на базі кафедри інноваційних та інформаційних технологій у фізичній культурі і спорті Національного університету фізичного виховання і спорту України, м. Київ, Федерації кіберспорту України. Результати. Особливістю системи змагань у кіберспорті є виключення елементу випадковості. Визначено специфічні особливості системи змагань та змагальної діяльності в кіберспорті: наявність мережі Інтернет, спільна взаємодія зі змагальним середовищем, неможливість відриву від змагального середовища в процесі змагання, реальний час та відсутність контакту між гравцями і командами. Організатором міжнародних змагань виступає фірма-розробник ігор. В наявності обмежена рухова діяльність гравців. Спільними рисами системи змагань, характерними як традиційним видам спорту, так і кіберспорту, визначено: наявність команд, гравців, матеріально-технічна база та оснащення, наявність правил змагань, система та спосіб змагань, призовий фонд, система суддівства, облаштування місць змагань, вболівальники. Для системи змагань у кіберспорті характерними є такі способи: коловий, олімпійський з вибуванням, олімпійський з вибуванням після двох поразок, швейцарський, змішаний. Гра через локальну мережу Інтернет забезпечує особисту присутність усіх учасників і глядачів, достатню та однакову для всіх пропускну здатність. Доведено припущення щодо обґрунтування кіберспорту як виду спорту, якому притаманні спортивна складова, методика підготовки, система змагань та всі елементи тренувального процесу, як і традиційним видам спорту, та наявність специфічних ознак.

Ключові слова: кіберспорт, система змагань, змагальна діяльність, спорт.
Оцінювання рівня технічної підготовленості спортсменів з інвалідністю в карате
Authors: Когут Ірина , Маринич Вікторія , Чебанова Катерина
Published: February 2022

Анотація. Аналіз практичного досвіду навчально-тренувальної роботи в карате, наукове обґрунтування результатів досліджень у сфері фізичної культури та спорту, результати експертного оцінювання дозволили розробити навчальну програму з позашкільної освіти фізкультурно-спортивного напряму «Карате – тренуємося разом», побудовану на основі інклюзивного підходу. Для визначення ефективності впровадження інклюзивного підходу до побудови навчально-тренувального процесу спортсменів з інвалідністю в карате проведено тестування, що включало два етапи (порівняльно-послідовний експеримент першого та другого порядків). Для оцінювання рівня технічної підготовленості спортсменів з інвалідністю було використано змагальні вправи з ката. Мета. Обґрунтувати структуру і зміст  організаційно-методичного забезпечення навчально-тренувального процесу (технічної підготовленості) спортсменів з інвалідністю в карате. Методи. Аналіз і узагальнення спеціальної науково-методичної літератури, документальних матеріалів та матеріалів мережі Інтернет; педагогічне спостереження; вимірювання; методи математичної статистики. Результати. По завершенні експериментального дослідження, у спортсменів з інвалідністю було виявлено достовірні відмінності за всіма досліджуваними параметрами технічної підготовленості. Показники тесту технічної підготовленості, а саме виконання ката хейан-шодан покращились на 4,2 %. Організація та проведення навчально-тренувальних занять є ефективними за умови правильно підібраних організаційно-методичних рекомендацій до реалізації навчально-тренувального процесу.

Ключові слова: карате, ката, спортсмени з інвалідністю, технічна підготовленість, навчально-тренувальний процес, організаційно-методичне забезпечення.
Дослідження техніки спортсменів, які спеціалізуються у спортивній ходьбі, на етапах багаторічної підготовки: ретроспективний аналіз та сучасні підходи
Authors: Совенко Сергій
Published: February 2022

Анотація. Спортивна ходьба – вид легкої атлетики, якому притаманна тенденція до значної інтенсифікації тренувальної та змагальної діяльності. Тому розробка ефективної методології технічної підготовки легкоатлетів, які спеціалізуються у спортивній ходьбі, повинна здійснюватися на основі сучасних знань техніки атлетів на етапах багаторічного удосконалення. Мета. Проаналізувати дані науково-методичної літератури, що стосуються техніки спортсменів, які спеціалізуються у спортивній ходьбі, на етапах багаторічної підготовки та визначити основні напрями її удосконалення. Методи. Аналіз і узагальнення науково-методичної літератури, аналіз статистичних матеріалів виступів спортсменів на змаганнях. Результати. Сучасні дослідження техніки спортсменів, які спеціалізуються у спортивній ходьбі, здійснюється у двох основних напрямах: на змаганнях та в лабораторних умовах. Перші спрямовані переважно на вивчення кінематичних, другі – динамічних характеристик техніки атлетів. Ці дослідження практично не пов’язані з педагогічною складовою (засобами і методами) формування та удосконалення технічної майстерності спортсменів, які спеціалізуються у спортивній ходьбі. Сьогодні практично відсутні дані про техніку спортсменок, які спеціалізуються на дистанції 50 км, а також 35 км у чоловіків та жінок. Мало вивченими залишаються питання техніки спортсменів на етапах попередньої та спеціалізованої базової підготовки. Також відсутні фундаментальні узагальнюючі роботи, присвячені удосконаленню технічної підготовки у процесі багаторічного удосконалення легкоатлетів, які спеціалізуються у спортивній ходьбі. Проаналізовані дослідження, безумовно, створюють фундаментальну базу для удосконалення технічної підготовки у спортивній ходьбі у процесі всієї багаторічної підготовки. Однак вони потребують розширення, систематизації, узагальнення та інтерпретації з позиції насамперед педагогічної складової побудови багаторічного тренувального процесу.

Ключові слова: спортивна ходьба, техніка, технічна підготовка, багаторічна підготовка.
Синдром Туретта: вправи при ожирінні, опис випадку
Authors: Ліянаге Естер , Челлапіллаї Фелісія Маріан Дханані , Красільщіков Олександр
Published: February 2022

Анотація. Синдром Туретта (СТ) зазвичай супроводжується руховими та голосовими порушеннями. Було виявлено, що симтоми СТ зазвичай зменшуються у підлітковому віці та у час дорослішання. Діти також можуть мати проблеми зі сном, слабкі академічні досягнення, занижену самооцінку та складнощі у контролі поведінки. Причини виникнення СТ ще достатньо не вивчені. Ретельний аналіз спеціальної літератури свідчить про наявність багатьох досліджень з фармакологічного, поведінкового, психологічного та хірургічного менеджменту, проте не вивлено робіт з менеджменту підвищенної маси тіла серед дітей із СТ. Мета. Вивчити можливу ефективність програми, що включає вправи, націлені на зменшення ваги як додаток до фармакологічного лікування СТ, запропонованого у конкретному медичному випадку. Методи. Аналіз науково-методичної літератури, тестування, застосування вправ для зниження маси тіла. Результати. У ході дослідження пацієнт із синдромом Туретта отримував медикаментозне лікування, але в нього розвинувся такий медикаментозний побічний ефект, як збільшення маси тіла. Для цього пацієнта було розроблено відповідну програму, що складалася з аеробних врав для зниження ваги та розвитку координації і спритності. Програма включала стаціонарне педалювання, ходьбу в гору і вниз на підніжці висотою 30 см з двосторонніми рухами рук вгору і вбік. Регулярний моніторинг показав, що після 5 місяців, протягом яких суб’єкт дотримувався встановленої програми, його маса тіла зменшилася на 2,5 кг, а зі збільшенням зросту індекс маси тіла (ІМТ) знизився до 23,5 кг ∙ м–2. Хоча пацієнт все ще був у категорії ожиріння, але зниження маси та ІМТ показали хорошу позитивну динаміку. Його ліпідний профіль продемонстрував, що значення тригліцеридів знизилося з 210 до 178 мг ∙ дл–1. Рівні ALT та AST знизилися до 60,9 о ∙ л–1 та 47,1 о ∙ л–1 відповідно. Отже, програма інтервенції виявилася ефективною для цього медичного випадку.

Ключові слова: діти, синдром Туретта, ожиріння, контроль зайвої ваги.
Футбол як чільна складова спортивного дозвілля інтернованих вояків Української галицької армії в Чехословаччині (1919–1922 рр.)
Authors: Антонишин Андрій , Срібняк Ігор , Хлєбіна Анна
Published: February 2022

Анотація. У статті проаналізовано специфіку проведення змагань з футболу за участю інтернованих вояків Української галицької армії (УГА), які змагались із чеськими спортсменами як на таборових майданчиках, так і на футбольних стадіонах провінційних міст Чехословаччини протягом 1919–1922 рр. Значною мірою це стало можливим завдяки діяльності у таборах інтернованих американської благодійної організації YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association), яка не шкодувала коштів для гуманітарних потреб інтернованих. Це стосувалось й розвитку ігрових видів спорту та взагалі активного дозвілля таборян, за-для чого YMCA облаштувала спортивні зали (пристосовуючи для цього окремі бараки), а також щедро купувала різне спортивне знаряддя. Завдяки її грошовим внескам для команд купували спортивну форму та потрібне для проведення футбольних матчів устаткування (м’ячі, сітки на ворота тощо). Крім того, на кошти YМСА таборові команди мали можливість проводити зустрічі з чеськими футболістами на виїзді. До розвитку футболу активно долучалась і спортивна секція Культурно-просвітного кружка (як в Німецькому Яблонному, так і Йозефові), заходами якої у таборах організовувались спортивні свята та численні змагання за участю місцевих чеських спортклубів, а зароблені під час їх проведення кошти передавались на потреби таборян-спортсменів. Вагу і значення спортивних вправ, і зокрема футбольних змагань, розуміло й командування інтернованих частин УГА, забезпечуючи зі свого боку максимально можливе сприяння командним видам спорту в таборі. Ігрові види спорту, і зокрема, футбол, суттєво прислужились для зміцнення здоров’я інтернованих, насамперед гравців таборових команд, та дарувало наснагу і гарний настрій не тільки спортсменам, а й чисельному гурту глядачів та вболівальників, додаючи позитивних емоцій у їх непростому таборовому існуванні. Разом з тим футбольні матчі успішно виконували комунікаційно-адаптаційну функцію, дозволяючи українцям ближче пізнати мешканців найближчих до табору чеських міст і призвичаїтись до ритму та способу їхньго життя. Також футбольні змагання створювали міцну основу для чесько-українського міжнаціонального порозуміння та суттєво полегшували для частини вояцтва УГА інтеграцію у чеський соціум.

Ключові слова: футбол, команда, матч, спортивний клуб, гравці, інтерновані вояки-українці, табір.
THE DISPUTE OF DAGESTAN THEOLOGIANS OVER THE RULES OF PERFORMING THE TARAWIH PRAYER IN THE LATE 19 – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors: Abdulmajidov Ramazan S. , Alibekov Khizri G.
Published: February 2022

The paper studies the theological discussion around the performing of the prayer tarawih in Dagestan at the turn of the 19-20th centuries. The background of the issue in question is given in the introduction, revealing the origins of this controversy. The study focuses on several original Arabic-language works written by Dagestani theologians. Two parties participated in the discussion: Muslim al-Uradi and Kebedmuhammad al-Bezhti on the one side, and Usman al-Tsakhuri and Iman-Ali al-Bezhti – on the other. The paper reveals in detail the key arguments given by the opponents who participated in the polemic. It is worth noting that the authors of the works show a high level of proficiency in Arabic and theological knowledge. The Arabographic polemical works of Dagestani theologians allow us to outline the range of controversial issues that at various times troubled the minds of the Muslims of Dagestan. The article provides a chronological development of the discussion of the theologians, as well as a general analysis of the content of each of the works. The works under study were written within the framework of the Arab-Muslim manuscript tradition, some of them being autographs.It was found that Dagestani theologians, who mainly positioned themselves as strict adherents of the Shafi’i legal school, in some cases allowed themselves quite free views and disputed the opinions of leading Shafi’i legal scholars, including Imam al-Shafi’i himself. Such a «liberalization» of views, in our opinion, is a consequence of the influence of the authoritative Dagestani legal scholar Muhammad al-Kuduki. The present study criticizes the «jadidocentric» approach in understanding the processes of the «Islamic reformation» that took place in Dagestan at the beginning of the 20th century.
ORGANIZATIONAL WORK OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS OF THE PARTY COMMITTEES OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE NORTH OSSETIAN ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Kaitukov Georgy B.
Published: February 2022

The challenges of the time require the application of new methodological principles in the study of numerous issues. This also applies to the history of the Great Patriotic War, which has become the focus of study since the middle of the last century. However, the introduction of a large number of new sources into the scientific discourse makes it possible to highlight gaps that require further study. These issues include the activities of the military departments of the party structure, which became an instrument for organizing the work of the home front. For the first time in regional historiography, the article raises problems of the role of military departments under the party committees of the North Ossetian ASSR. The attracted archival material makes it possible to reconstruct the activities of these bodies during the Great Patriotic War. After their foundation in 1939, they took charge of the military-political education of the citizens of the republic. At that time, their activities were limited to working with the sections of the Society for the Assistance of Defense, Aircraft and Chemical Construction (Osoaviakhim), and the military departments of the Komsomol. However, during the war, the area of their responsibility expanded significantly, as evidenced by the documents. The main directions of work of military departments are considered from the regional and the rural levels. The range of activities included not only assistance to military registration and enlistment offices during the period of mobilization campaigns, participation in the re-certification of citizens liable for military service, but also assistance to families of soldiers of the Red Army, disabled war veterans, fundraising for the construction of tank columns, air units, training militia fighters, fighter battalions, partisan detachments, and air defense forces. After the liberation of the territory of the NO ASSR from the invaders, the task of demining the territory was added to the existing duties of the military departments. Reconstruction of the entire set of activities of military departments will make it possible to expand our knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War. In order to eliminate the identified scientific gaps, the article uses a corpus of documents that were previously in limited access. Much attention is paid to the originality of these documents, their informational content. With the help of content analysis, it has been possible to conduct a socio-demographic analysis of the collected material, to study the mechanism of organizing paramilitary formations on the territory of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
ABOUT DATING OF PETROGLYPHS OF GOBUSTAN (AZERBAIJAN)
Authors: Farajova Malahat Novruz
Published: February 2022

Since the discovery of the petroglyphs of Gobustan, there have been numerous studies of petroglyphs, field work on documentation, and archeological excavations. Despite the extensive literature on Gobustan, the issue of dating the rock paintings remains controversial. The author of the paper, using the results of radiocarbon dating and the 3D Studio Max software, classifies the petroglyphs by periods. As a result, the oldest date – 13 610 CD (calibrated date) – was revealed in Gobustan in the rocky shelter of Gaya Arasi on the Kichikdash mountain. The next oldest date is approximately 10,600 CD, which was obtained from the cultural layer of the Ana-zaga cave of the Beyukdash mountain. Considering that the Late Khvalyn transgression took place nearly 14,000 years ago, and during this period the waters of the Khvalyn Sea washed the Beyukdash, Kichikdash and Dzhingirdag mountains, the interval between these dates may be due to the fluctuations of the sea level. Based on the research carried out and the dates obtained, the author singles out 9 stylistic and chronological trends in the petroglyphs of Gobustan, including the period of the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. The author emphasizes that the uniqueness of the Gobustan archaeological complex lies in the fact that separate stones with petroglyphs identical to the rock carvings on the walls of the caves were discovered from dated cultural layers. In addition, stylistic and comparative analysis allowed the author to date the rock carvings of Gobustan.
As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the settlements of the end of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Ages were mainly located on the upper terraces of the mountains. In the Neolithic and Eneolithic Ages, with the rise in the level of the Caspian Sea, the caves retained the status of the main place of residence. With the lowering of the sea level in the Bronze Age, the middle and lower terraces were inhabited. During this period, the settlers of Gobustan, who were engaged in cattle breeding, painted images of bezoar goats with large curved horns on the rocks. At the foot of the mountains, the round settlements and the tradition of kurgan burials emerged.
THE UNKNOWN RESEARCHER OF THE CAUCASUS:
LYUDMILA FILIPPOVNA VINOGRADOVA (1904-1985)
Authors: Guliaeva Evgenia Yu.
Published: February 2022

The article is dedicated to Lyudmila Filippovna Vinogradova (1904-1985) – a member of the State Museum of Ethnography of the Peoples of the USSR (currently the Russian Museum of Ethnography), who worked at the Department of the Peoples of the Caucasus since the end of 1930s until the early 60s. The author attempts to shed light on the previously unknown pages in the history of the Caucasian and museum studies in Russia. The objectives of the work include the study of Vinogradova’s professional biography in the context of the history of the State Museum of Ethnography (in particular, the period of the Great Patriotic War) and a review of sources on ethnography and the history of the peoples of the Caucasus made by Lyudmila Filippovna (clothing and photo collections, field reports and diaries). The key materials for the study are archival documents stored in the Russian Museum of Ethnography. The collecting work and scientific profile of Vinogradova in the ethnography of the Ossetians and the peoples of Dagestan (partly Georgia) were due to the need of creating expositions and exhibitions. Over the 25-year period of her activity, the researcher conducted seven ethnographic expeditions (in 1939, 1948 and 1949 in Ossetia, in 1947 in Belarus, in 1955 in Georgia, in 1956 and 1957 in Dagestan); in addition to the reports and field journals, 16 clothing collections (about 250 items) preserved, more than 8000 items and photographs have been registered. Most of these items have not yet been introduced into science. Without knowledge of the biography of the collector and researcher, a comprehensive scientific criticism of sources is impossible – which also applies to Lyudmila Filippovna’s materials. At the same time, the items and photographs she collected, field reports and journals are also an integral part of the story of her life.
RESULTS OF AN EPIGRAPHIC EXPEDITION TO THE DAHADAYEV DISTRICT OF DAGESTAN IN 2020
Authors: Musaev Makhach A. , Shikhaliev Shamil Sh. , Shekhmagomedov Magomed G.
Published: February 2022

Dakhadayevsky district of Dagestan is one of the most saturated with historical and cultural monuments in the republic. Among them are towers, bridges, mosques, minarets, ziyarats, cemeteries. Most of them bear inscriptions that have not been adequately studied. Meanwhile, epigraphic texts are one of the main sources of the spiritual, religious, political, social, and economic history of the region's Middle Ages.This work presents the most remarkable examples of Arabic epigraphy, starting from the 12th century, from the villages of Amuzgi, Kubachi, Urkarakh, Kalkni, Khuduts, Ashty, and Kunki. The article gives their reading, translation into Russian, notes the features of handwriting, methods of application, draws attention to the shape of the monuments, their size, and ornamentation. Of greatest interest are texts that carry specific historical information, and dated samples, which allow, by typological similarity, to attribute the monuments of the region to a certain period of time. Among such monuments are the gravestones of 774 A.H. (1372-73), 877 x. (1472), 902 x. (1496-97), 958 x. (1551); there are historical records on stones embedded in places of worship dating back to 718 A.D. (1318-19), 765 x. (1363-64), 1035 x. (1625-26). Some of the studied inscriptions have previously been read and published, but we present our own reading. It is interesting that the inscription of 1625-26, discovered by us on the walls of the minaret, is adjacent to two texts known to science. That is, it did not come to the attention of researchers. This circumstance serves as an additional justification for the fact that when conducting epigraphic expeditions, it is necessary to cover not only territories where epigraphists have not been, but also settlements that are considered studied by scientific specialists.
THE TRADITION OF SPOILING VESSELS: ORIGINS ACCORDING TO THE ARCHEOLOGICAL DATA OF CISCAUCASIA
Authors: Korenevsky Sergey N.
Published: February 2022

The article reviews the deformed metallic and ceramic vessels of the Maikop-Novosvobodnenskaya community. The study is mainly based on the author’s photographs and sketches, stored in the State Hermitage Museum. The artifacts themselves were published numerous times, but the deformation of vessels, in particular, has not yet been covered. The revealed defects allow us to conclude that some of the vessels of the Maikop Kurgan were damaged intentionally; prior to placing the vessels into the grave, some of them could have been repaired. Of particular interest is a bronze bucket found in the Maikop Kurgan: its hinges for mounting the arched handles were purposely broken, i.e. the bucket was placed in the grave in the “murdered” state. The article analyzes all known shapes of bronze vessels from the whole assemblage of the Maikop-Novosvobodnenskaya community and its periphery. It has been revealed that all of them have some forms of defects or traces of repair. In most cases they are not suitable for household use, which is the very feature of the tradition of placing them in graves. Damage or repair of metallic vessels or spoilage of pottery could have been considered as a possibility for using the damaged vessels by the kinsman in the “land of ancestors”, and an individual fragment of a vessel acquired magical properties. The origins of spoiling vessels and the use of individual shreds in funerary rites has its roots in funerary rites of the Proto-Yamnaya culture of the Pre-Maikop period of Ciscaucasia. Thus, we believe that this tradition was borrowed by the bearers of the Maikop culture from their predecessors. Subsequently, it was passed to the tribes of the Middle Bronze Age.
Mikroekonomska analiza utjecaja emocija liječnika i pacijenata na ishode zdravstvene zaštite
Authors: Vrankić Ilko
Published: February 2022

Cilj ovog rada je istražiti kako emocije koje doživljavaju liječnici i pacijenti u međusobnoj interakciji dugoročno utječu na promjene njihovog ponašanja i ishode zdravstvene zaštite. Liječnici i pacijenti uče iz prethodnih iskustava i njihovo ponašanje evoluira tako da učestalije izabiru strategije kojima ostvaruju veću očekivanu psihološku korisnost od prosječne. U analizi ovog problema koji se promatra iz dinamičke perspektive koriste se složeni matematički alati evolucijske teorije igara i replikatorne dinamike koji uključuju detaljno istraživanje ponašanja sustava diferencijalnih jednadžbi. Znanstveni doprinos ovog rada očituje se u analizi različitih scenarija utjecaja frustracija, žaljenja i krivnje na dugoročno ponašanje liječnika i pacijenata i pokazuje kako ponašanje sustava značajno ovisi o opsegu i snazi emocija koje liječnik i pacijent doživljavaju. Na taj način se omogućava nalaženje mjera kojima bi se zdravstveni sustav pokrenuo u smjeru društveno poželjnog stanja populacije liječnika koji žele liječiti pacijente i populacije pacijenata koji vjeruju liječnicima čime se ostvaruje i praktična vrijednost ovog rada. S obzirom da širi skup emocija koje doživljavaju liječnik i pacijent u međusobnoj interakciji značajno utječe na moguće ponašanje sustava izvedene rezultate u ovom radu valja sagledati kritički.
Economic impacts of the manufacturing industry in Sululta
Authors: Jagemma Tolera Mikessa , Worku Hailu
Published: February 2022

Manufacturing industries in Ethiopia's urban areas have been overgrowing in the last few decades, which have led to ever-mounting demand for labor, capital, and raw materials. Two questionnaires were independently administered with a representative random sample of 149 members from the local manufacturing industries and 20 high-ranking officials from the study area to answer research questions. Moreover, input-output model was used comprehensively in guesstimating indirect economic impacts of a diversity of activities. Prominent findings from the study indicate that economic impact was extensively dispersed throughout the existing sectors.
Ulaganja i izvoz u kontekstu konkurentnosti hrvatskih poduzeća
Authors: Bašić Maja , Ferko Martina , Sopta Ćorić Martina
Published: February 2022

Ovaj rad prikazuje odnos ulaganja u dugotrajnu imovinu i prihoda od izvoza u razdoblju od 2006. do 2015. godine za tristo najvećih hrvatskih izvoznih poduzeća. Radom se propituje utječu li ulaganja na jednak način na poduzeća koja ostvaruju većinu svojih prihoda od izvoza i na poduzeća koja ostvaruju prihod na domaćem i inozemnom tržištu. Metode deskriptivne i inferencijalne statistike pokazale su kako najviše zastupljenih poduzeća dolazi iz prerađivačke industrije (55 %), a po djelatnostima iz trgovine na veliko (manje od 10% poduzeća). Dugotrajna imovina najviše je narasla u djelatnostima: poljoprivrede, proizvodnje prehrambenih proizvoda, trgovine na malo, skladištenja, proizvodnje strojne opreme, proizvodnje farmaceutskih proizvoda, prerade drva, te prikupljanja, obrade i zbrinjavanja otpada, dok su negativne promjene uočene u: proizvodnji duhanskih proizvoda i proizvodnji papira i proizvoda od papira. Proizvodnja ostalih nemetalnih mineralnih proizvoda i vodeni prijevoz imaju podjednak promjenjiv i dinamičan obrazac ulaganja. Najveći porast prihoda od izvoza nalazi se u djelatnosti trgovine. Ulaganja u dugotrajnu imovinu povećavaju izvoz poduzeća koje nije u potpunosti izvozno orijentirano više nego u potpunosti izvozno orijentiranog poduzeća.
Pewarisan Fonem Vokal Protoaustronesia ke Bahasa Angkola dan Bahasa Simalungun
Authors: Siti Rahmadani Lestari Ritonga  , Dardanila  , Gustianingsih
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini menjelaskan perubahan dan pewarisan bunyi vokal PAN ke dalam bahasa Angkola (BA) dan bahasa Simalungun (BS). Linguistik Historis Komparatif(LHK) adalah pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan ialah 200 daftar kosakata swadesh dan pengumpulan data tulis ialah dengan metode simak yang dilanjutkan dengan teknik sadap. Pengkajian data menggunakan metode perbandingan historis. Penyajian hasil analisis akan dilakukan dengan cara penyajian formal. Berdasarkan analisis ditemukan pewarisan linear (retensi) dalam bahasa Angkola */a/ → /a/, */i/→ /i/, */u/ → /u/, dan pewarisan fonem vokal PAN secara inovasi */a/ → /E/, */ ə / → /o/. Pewarisan proto austronesia pada bahasa Simalungun secara linear */a/ → /a/, */i/→ /i/, dan pewarisan fonem vokal PAN secara inovasi */ ə / → /o/.

This research discusses the changes and inheritance of the PAN vowels into Angkola (BA) and Simalungun (BS) languages. This research was conducted using a comparative historical linguistic approach. The data used were 200 swadesh vocabulary and the method collected in collecting written data was the observation method followed by the tapping technique. The study of data used the historical comparison method. Presentation of the results of the analysis will be carried out by means of a formal presentation. Based on the analysis, it was found that linear inheritance (retention) in Angkola language * / a / → / a /, * / i / → / i /, * / u / → / u /, and innovation of the PAN vowel phoneme * / a / → / E /, * / ə / → / o /. The inheritance of the proto austronesian in the Simalungun is linear * / a / → / a /, * / i / → / i /, and the innovative inheritance of the vowel phoneme PAN * / ə / → / o /.
Metalinguistik dalam Pengajaran Bahasa
Authors: Eddy Setia
Published: February 2022

Bahasa dan budaya tak dapat dipisahkan. Kemistri yang begitu kuat antara keduanya mengakibatkan kajian tentang bahasa harus melibatkan budaya. Bidang yang mengkaji tentang hubungan keduanya secara ilmiah disebut Metalinguistik. Dalam hal pengajaran bahasa asing, kemampuan Metalinguistik merupakan strategi yang diterapkan baik secara sadar maupun tidak dalam interaksi linguistik lisan maupun tulisan, menyadarkan pembelajar bahasa untuk berfikir tentang bahasa dan pesan linguistik, untuk menganalisis sebuah pesan, dan mengendalikan proses bahasa dalam budaya komunikasi. Tulisan ini merangkum linguistik mikro dan makro yang dapat dilibatkan dalam pengajaran bahasa.

Language and culture cannot be separated. Their tough chemistry results the study and investigation of language should be corelated to culture. A scientific field deals with the study of both language and culture in social practice is called Metalinguistiks. Related to foreign language teaching, Metalinguistiks skills are strategies that are apllied, either consciously oraotomatically, to an oral or written linguistik interaction to allow language learners to think about language and linguistik message, to analyse message and to control language processing within the communicative culture. This writing covers macro and micro linguistiks that can be involved in the process of language teaching.