bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Predictive Model of Plate Camber
Authors: Wang Jun , Xu Jian Zhong , Wang Guo Dong , Wang Pu
Published: October 2012

The plate camber is one of the thorny problems in the plate rolling process. The characteristic variables of plate camber at the delivery and at the entry sides of the mill were illustrated based on the primary concepts of camber. The relationship between the plate characteristic variable and velocity distribution in the deformation area of the plate was also determined. This paper focuses on the features of asymmetry in the transverse direction during rolling, an elastic deformation mathematical model of four-high mill has been developed to optimize the predictive model of plate camber, which ensures the theory of influence factors of plate camber to be applied in plate rolling.
Effect of Process Parameters on the Temperature of 4Cr9Si2 Martensite Refractory Steel during CWR
Authors: Huang Jiang Hua , Liu Jin Ping , Wang Bao Yu , Hu Zheng Huan
Published: October 2012

Based on the constitutive relationship of 4Cr9Si2 martensite refractory steel obtained by Gleeble-1500 hot simulation isothermal compression, a finite element model of Cross Wedge Rolling was build up for 4Cr9Si2 Martensite and the heat conduction, convection, plastic work and friction work were taken in account in the model. The forming process of 4Cr9Si2 martensite refractory steel by cross wedge rolling was simulated by means of DEFORM-3D software. The influence regularities of temperature of rolling process parameters were obtained: temperature rise rapidly result from plastic work and friction work in the cross-section at the process of rolling, with the completion of rolled piece cross-section, temperature descending due to heat conduction and radiation with atmosphere. The rolled piece temperature difference decrease with rolling speed and die preheat temperature increasing, the billet heating temperature is little for rolled piece temperature difference compared with rolling speed and die preheat temperature.
Information Management Practice of Cold Rolling Progress Based on "High-Speed Management"
Authors: Jia Sheng Hui , Guo Lei , Wang Wei Xiang
Published: October 2012

A unit of high-speed, large-scale, continuous, automated PCM, which is used for production process information management practice, is introduced in this paper. According to the practice of cold rolling equipment and "High-speed Management," advanced management methods and tools are embedded to process control, so as to achieve online control of "quality flow", real-time evaluation and improvement.
Research on Flatness Feed-Forward Control for Cold Rolled Strip
Authors: He Ru Ying , Gu Ting Quan , Liu Yun Feng
Published: October 2012

A feed-forward control method for cold rolled strip flatness is put forward. That is to carry out feed-forward compensation to bending force of the stand, so as to mitigate the complex influence caused by changes of rolling force and tension in rolling process on strip flatness based on regular flatness feedback control which focus on the last stand, according to changes in stand rolling force, inlet tension and outlet tension measured. Result shows that this technique not only increased the flatness quality of the strip cold-rolled, but also increased the stability of cold-rolling process of thin strip when it was actually applied in a cold tandem mill.
Edge Shape Control Technology Research of Very Thin Specifications DI Tinplate in Baosteel Cold Rolling
Authors: Wen Jie , Zhang Qing Dong , Zhang Xiao Feng , Wang Kang Jian
Published: October 2012

This paper study the key technique of very thin specifications DI tinplate based on 1420 tandem cold mill in Baosteel, to improve the strip edge shape quality. In our paper we put forward the idea to improve the DI tinplate edge drop control performance using the work roll contour technology, enhance the flatness control ability using the intermediate roll contour technology. The mill type of this CVC tandem cold mill is improved by these technologies, and its edge shape control capability is significantly increased. Production trial show that the improved mill type can effectively improve the edge shape quality of the very thin specifications DI tinplate, improve production efficiency and have a good application.
Effect of Three Types of Driving Modes of Rolling Mill with Six Rolls on the Friction Force between Rolls
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Qing Dong , Zhang Xiao Feng
Published: October 2012

Three-dimensional finite element model of rolling mill with six rolls in a factory is modeled by nonlinear FEM software called ABAQUS. It is a three-dimensional elastic-plastic rolling model. It includes not only elastic-plastic deformation of strip but also the bending of roll system and flattening of rolls. It can describe the changes in friction force between rolls better. Conclusions are as follows. When the driving roll is the backup roll, friction force between the backup roll and the intermediate roll is easy to reach the maximum value, slipping phenomenon is easy to appear. When the driving roll is the intermediate roll, friction force between the intermediate roll and the work roll is easy to reach the maximum value, slipping phenomenon is easy to appear. When the driving roll is the work roll, the changes in frictional force between the rolls is smooth. Slipping phenomenon is not easy to appear.
Study on the Buckling Deformation of Orthotropic Strip
Authors: Lu Xing Fu , Zhang Qing Dong , Zhang Xiao Feng
Published: October 2012

Because of the crystal preferential orientation, the rolled strip exhibits orthotropy. The mechanism and deformation behavior of the orthotropic strip buckling (included pre-buckling and post buckling) was studied by analytical and finite element method. Through the energy principle, the mathematical model of critical buckling was established, and the critical conditions were obtained. The generating path of post buckling was found with perturbation variational solution. At the same time, using software ANSYS to simulate the buckling deformation, then the buckling mode, the critical stress and the post-buckling path were obtained, which were in good accordance with the analytical results. It verified the accuracy of analytical results.
Calculation of Rolling Force of 3700mm Cylindrical Shell Rolling Mill
Authors: Chen Su Wen , Liu Hong Min , Peng Yan , Sun Jian Liang , Sun Bin Bin
Published: October 2012

Rolling force is an important technological parameter in designing of the 3700mm cylindrical shell rolling mill. Due to the characteristics of double driving rolls and asynchronous rolling of 3700 mm cylindrical shell rolling mill, the force analysis of the deformation zone is complex. In this study, an analytic method was used to calculate the rolling force. The deformation zone was divided into the forward slip area, the backward slip area and the rub rolling area on the basis of metal flow velocity. The stress equilibrium equations of each area were built. Then the rolling force model of the 3700mm cylindrical shell rolling mill was built and solved, according to the boundary conditions. At the same time, in order to verify the validity of the analysis, the calculated values were compared with the measured in the spot. They have a good agreement, which indicates the calculation accuracy of the model could meet the industry requirements.
Design of a New Type Casting Rolling Mill Screw down System
Authors: Xv Chun Yuan , Sun Bin Yu , Zheng Tian Hu
Published: October 2012

Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the mill screw down system now, a new type screw down system of caster is designed in this paper. Electro-hydraulic double-precision device is adopted in the synchronized screw down system.Bilateral synchronous motor is adopted first for coarse adjustment, and then use hydraulic servo cylinder to realize synchronization precision adjustment. It can adjust roll gap with double-precision, which can both achieve the purpose of rapid screw down and meet the accuracy requirements of the roll gap adjustment. Rotate both sides of screw down nuts using one hydraulic cylinder to achieve simultaneous fine-tuning of the roll gap. While coarse and fine adjustment, the actions are coordinate and non-interference. The screw down nut designed is compound nut, which can effectively compensate for the loosening and improve the accuracy of the roll gap adjustment. By analyzing and comparing, the new type screw down system of caster has some advantages such as double-precision adjustment, well synchronization, easy to operate and low cost, which have practical significance to improve the performance of the twin-roll casting machine.
Study on Diagnostic Strategy for Plate Camber
Authors: Wang Jun , Xu Jian Zhong , Wang Guo Dong , Yan Zhi Ping
Published: October 2012

During the past two decades, progress has been achieved for the plate production in various areas, from the level of equipment to the processing techniques, and from the product size to the quality of the products as well. However, plate camber which may affect the stability of rolling has been one of those thorny problems due to the complexity and variation of plate camber. Analysis of the factors which may lead to plate camber, including slab wedge, temperature uniformity across the plate width, side-guide alignment, stiffness difference at two sides of the mill and the inclination of the roll gap, the features of the plate camber have been studied. Using measurement and quantitative analysis of plate camber, process data analysis of the plate, equipment monitoring and operation adjustment, a systematical diagnostic strategy of plate camber has been carried out. It has shown that the developed diagnostic strategy is satisfactory in one domestic Plate Mill.
Key Technology to Reduce Residual Stress Level of High Strength Steel
Authors: Ding Wen Hong
Published: October 2012

Given that the traditional hot temper passing process cannot fulfill the demand of high strength steel on residual stress level and stable processability, leveler and temper passing process with dual servo valve (LTP-DSV) is developed to solve this technical problem. LTP-DSV process employs leveler to reduce residual stress level of high strength steel; uses dual servo valve variable gain rolling force control technology to improve performance stability of high strength steel; improves surface quality of high strength steel by means of temper passing. The residual stress level of products is substantially reduced on condition that the performance of high strength steel is ensured. The actual production data shows LTP-DS process is able to improve the performance and quality of high strength steel from all aspects.
Cooling Process of Die Steel during On-Line Pre-Hardening
Authors: Zhu Dong Mei , Liu Guo Yong , Zhang Shao Jun
Published: October 2012

Pre-hardening plastic die steel can be directly processed into the mold, and it doesnt need quenching and tempering again, which avoids quenching deformation and ensures the size precision of the mold. On-line quenching of die steel can shorten the production cycle, and it has the advantage of energy saving. In the paper, a new on-line quenching device was introduced, and the temperature field calculation model of 3Cr2NiMo die steel was established. The cooling technology of three typical thickness steel plates was studied. The results provided the theoretical basis for die steel production.
Precipitation Behavior of Magnetite in Oxide Scale during Cooling of Microalloyed Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Yu Xiang Long , Jiang Zheng Yi , Yang Dai Jun , Wei Dong Bin , Yang Quan
Published: October 2012

Precipitation behavior of magnetite particles in the thermal grown oxide scale during isothermal cooling of microalloyed low carbon steel was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thin film X-ray. The oxide scale was generated from Gleeble 3500 Thermal Mechanical Simulator connected with a humid air generator, to simulate 550 and 450C isothermal treatments. Several types of magnetite precipitates were observed during different cooling processes with respect to the possible mechanisms of precipitation have been discussed. It is found that magnetite particles is as a result of pro-eutectoid precipitation from oxygen-rich wustite, and also as a product of the partial decomposition of wustite during the cooling process due to change of oxygen concentration and migration of iron ions. Furthermore, microalloyed elements in steel reduce the stability of wustite thereby facilitate the precipitation process, whose products of multi-phase oxide finally determine the adhesive strength of oxide scale and steel substrate.
Hot Strip Tail Flick Recognition Based on Morphological Pattern Spectrum
Authors: Han Li Jing , Yang Jian Hong , Lin Min , Xu Jin Wu
Published: October 2012

Hot strip tail flick is an abnormal production phenomenon, which brings many damages. To recognize the tail flick signals from all throwing steel strip signals, a feature extraction method based on morphological pattern spectrum is proposed in this paper. The area between signal curves after multiscale opening operation and the horizontal axis is computed as the pattern spectrum value and it reflects the geometric information differences. Then, support vector machine is used as the classifier. Experimental results show that the total correct rate based on pattern spectrum feature reached 96.5%. Compared with wavelet packet energy feature, the total correct rate is 92.1%. So, the feasibility and availability of this new feature extraction method are verified.
The Influence of Process Parameters during Hot Stamping of AA6111 Aluminum Alloy Sheet
Authors: Meng Qing Lei , Wang Bao Yu , Fu Lei , Zhou Jing , Lin Jian Guo
Published: October 2012

The AA6111 aluminum alloy sheet is widely used in auto-body manufacture. It can make use of good plasticity under high temperature to form more complex parts by using the hot stamping. The influence of process parameters in hot stamping of AA6111 aluminum alloy sheet is investigated through numerical simulation in this paper, including blank holding force (BHF), friction coefficient, stamping velocity and initial forming temperature. Finally forming defects of numerical simulation are verified through the hot stamping experiments. The results show that it can effectively avoid wrinkling and fracture by controlling the BHF, good lubricant is in favor of forming and numerical simulation can accurately predict forming defects to guide the production.
Study on Superalloy Tube Extrusion Process Using Finite Volume Method
Authors: Mao Yi Lun , Zhang Qing Dong , Sun Chao Yang , Zhang Xiao Feng
Published: October 2012

In this paper, complexity of the process of high temperature alloy tubing extrusion is studied using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). We establish mathematical model of high temperature alloy tube extrusion process by using the Finite Volume Method. We develop the simulation program by the control equation of the Finite Volume Method and numerical simulation of the key technologies of the axisymmetric problem in cylindrical coordinates. Inconel690 high temperature alloy tubing extrusion process, for example, we got the squeeze pressure in the steady-state extrusion, Velocity field and the corresponding equivalent strain rate field. By comparing the results obtained by the finite volume method and simulation results from Finite Element Method (FEM) software on DEFORM-2D, we find our mathematical model on high temperature alloy tubing extrusion process is reasonable and correct.
Experimental Research on Heating Performance of Monel K-500 Alloy
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ping , Chen Wen Zhang
Published: October 2012

Monel K-500 alloy is an important nickel-based corrosion resistant material with increasingly wide range of application in the areas of aviation, navigation and petroleum engineering. Comparing to other corrosion resistant metal material and nonmetal material, Monel K-500 alloy has excellent corrosion resistant ability in different corrosion circumstances (include electrochemical and chemical corrosion) and good mechanical properties. However, Monel K-500 alloy is also a sensitive material to high temperature. Its heating schedule has significant effect on heating quality and subsequent hot-working character. In view of existing heating problems of Monel K-500 alloy such as over-burning or non-uniform heating in domestic manufacturing enterprises, different heating velocities have been used to investigate its performance in heating process. The research results can provide more scientific basis for the setting up of reasonable heating schedule.
Study on Tilt Model and Finite-Element Simulations on Roller Leveler
Authors: He An Rui , Chen Hai Dong , Gan Wei , He Long Jun
Published: October 2012

According to the adjustment process of wide plate roller leveler of the cross cut shearing line, tilt model during leveling was established with ANSYS/LS_DYNA, which is one of the dynamic FE analysis software. The leveling effect on plate shape quality with or no with tilt model was analyzed respectively. The simulation results indicated the tilt model can get the more equivalent stress distribution and reduce the residual stress, which improve the straightness quality of the plate. In addition, the leveling force of each work roll can be decreased with tilt model. This is very beneficial to increase the production output of the leveler.
The Modification of Leveling Model for Roller Leveler Based on Ansys/LS-DYNA
Authors: Sun You Zhao , Yang Quan , He An Rui , Wang Xiao Chen , He Fei
Published: October 2012

The paper researched a seven-roll leveler in the cross cut shearing line of a factory. An analytical model of the roller intermesh was established based on the elastic-plastic bend theory. It was known the maximal deformation of strip happened on the second leveler roll in the leveling process by the analysis of FEM simulation for the calculation results of analytical model. However, the restriction applied to the strip at the entrance side was smaller than expected, which caused the deformation was smaller than the calculated value of analytical model. Aiming at this program, combined with the analysis of FEM simulation, it was improved by adding the adjustment of the intermesh of first roll.
3D Cantilever Model Research on Roller Leveling Process of Plate with Lateral Buckling Defects
Authors: Wu Di Ping , Yu Ting , Qin Qin
Published: October 2012

Roller leveling of plate with lateral defects is a complex process in which materials longitudinal strain couples with the transverse one. Different from wavy defects, lateral buckling defects are plates' macroscopic deformation because of stress or fiber length difference between up and down surfaces of the plate. Aiming at plate roller leveling process,a simplified 3D cantilever bending FEM model has been suggested in this paper. In the model, plates longitudinal bending and lateral warping are decoupled by using ABAQUS element deactivation function. Moreover, the mechanism of roller leveling process for plates with lateral buckling defects has been developed. On the basis of comparing with the ideal flat plates' bending process, effects of technological parameters such as reduction, roller diameter and roller shape on the lateral buckling defects correction during roller leveling process are also studied.
Controlling Research of the Pre-Bending Deformation before Straightening and Residual Stresses after Straightening for 100-Meter
Authors: Wang Jian Guo , Chen Lin , Li Tong Qing , Li Ge , Cui Hai Yan , Tian Zhong Liang
Published: October 2012

Of hot rolling 100-meter heavy rail, the shrinkage masses or swell increments are different in different positions of transverse sections during the cooling process by the reason of profiled cross-section, which resulted in alternating bend, and the flatness and residual stresses are directly affected by bending deformation before straightening during the cooling process. In this paper, By studying the heat boundary conditions in cooling process, the regularity of bending deformation of hot rolling heavy rail during cooling is observed, adopting 3-D transient nonlinear FEM simulation. By controlling the deformation value of bending before straightening and the value after straightening, the influence of residual stresses after straightening from pre-bending values before straightening is analyzed, drawing a conclusion of the regularity that residual stresses are affected by different chord heights at the same straightening rule, and the calculated results have a good accordance with the real values in field scene.
Analysis of the Strip Curvature in Tension Levelling with FEM
Authors: Zhao Pei Jian , Zhou Cun Long , Li Wei Na , Huang Qing Xue , Shuang Yuan Hua
Published: October 2012

Confronting the problem that echnology parameters are difficult to set in the strip tension levelling process, in this paper takes the tension leveler as research object, using the ANSYS software to make dynamic simulation of strip tension levelling process, mainly analyse relationship between the intermesh and curvature, get result that curvature radius during the straightening process is much larger than bending roller radius, as well as the relationship between curvature and the intermesh under the specific structure condition, the research provides help for the optimization of the tension leveler equipment technology parameters.
Research on High Pressure Abrasive Water Jet for Cold Rolling Descaling
Authors: Wang Xiao Chen , Mao Ze Wei , Yang Quan
Published: October 2012

This paper expatiated on principles of high pressure abrasive water jet descaling; used GAMBIT and some experience parameters to create the geometry model of the nozzles and the outflow field; used Fluent to simulate the high pressure abrasive water jet under the condition of different jet standoff distance, different impact angle, different mix angle, different abrasive particle size, different abrasive concentration and different abrasive material. Through the analysis of the simulation results, this paper put forward the optimal selection of these parameters.
The Study on High Precision 3D Detection Method of Steel Plate Surface Based on Structured Light
Authors: Liang Zhi Guo , Yang Quan , Xu Ke , He Fei , Wang Xiao Chen , Wang Min
Published: October 2012

Structured light 3D measurement technology with its simple structure, non-contact measurement, fast measurement speed and other advantages, has been widely used. Steel plate surface quality detection is not confined to the two-dimensional feature of gray detection, and local topography measurement for surface quality of steel plate detection becomes increasingly important. In this paper, steel plate surface 3D detection method based on structured light and the factors affecting the measurement accuracy are analyzed. Several effective methods of improving 3D detection accuracy are put forward. Compared with the traditional structured light 3D detection methods, the detection accuracy of new methods is remarkably improved, thus possessing better application values.
Discussion of Monitor and Control Strategies to Enhance Butt Joint Quality for Endless Bar Rolling System
Authors: Guo Dong , Fu Yong Ling , Sun Xin Xue , Lu Ning , Long Man Lin
Published: October 2012

Endless bar rolling technology with its intrinsic nature may be used to maximize the production efficiency and reduce production costs. While how to improve the butt joint quality of endless bar rolling system is of research worth with high application value. Hence, a novel control strategy based on the online feedback of process parameters is proposed to enhance the butt joint quality of endless bar rolling system. Firstly, with consideration of the features and state of the art for endless bar rolling system, influence factors over the butt joint quality of endless bar rolling system were analyzed. Secondly, to meet the requirements of high butt joint quality, the quality control strategy of flash butt welding was designed and online feedback from image measurement technology and eddy current array technology were introduced. Finally, the control strategy designed was verified by simulations. The results verify that the process parameters can be adjusted and optimized online via application of these nondestructive testing technologies for the welding quality, consequently, the numbers of shutdown the system is reduced and productivity is improved.
New Methods of Quality Control Systems on Strip Rolling Mills
Authors: Yang Quan , Zhang Yan , Li Cheng Wei , Liu Zheng
Published: October 2012

Based on 3D-FEM simulation, a model on influence of strip wave-shape upon the running deviation in the continuous annealing line was developed to improve the strip passing stability. A two-step model of FEM on hot strip rolling calculating the lateral flow of the metal improved the accuracy of strip shape control system.
Research of the Strategy in the Furnace Temperature Control System of Compact Strip Production
Authors: Guan Jian Long , He An Rui , Sun Wen Quan , Zhang Nan Feng , Li Jian Hua
Published: October 2012

The new fuzzy PID control system presented in this thesis is a combination of the models used in traditional temperature control system and Dual cross limiting temperature control system that took problems such as the slow response and overshoot of furnace temperature caused by the drastic change of the value of gas and the pressure in to account. The fuzzy PID control system helps to conquer the drawbacks of Poor dynamic tracking performance and has the distinction of being flexible, quick and adaptable. It is also proven by practice that, it is environmental friendly and energy-saving with the high-accuracy and lower consumption of this new control system.
Hydrostatic Horizontal Cell
Authors: Weng Qi
Published: October 2012

A new type of cell (Hydrostatic horizontal cell (HHC)) developed for continuous electroplating of strip is described. The cell consists of upper frame, lower frame, upper anode, lower anode, liquid baffle, conductive roll, backup roll, edge mask and its control system etc. The upper and lower hydrostatic cavities are located at the middle of the cell. The HHC adopts an innovative operating principle to generate strong capability of using hydrostatic pressure to grip the strip and to correct the strip twist. It thereby remarkably decreases the running space height and the deviation-from-center error of the strip in the cell. It originally builds up the horizontal spray of electrolyte to both directions at the center of the cell. Consequently the gas exhausting ability of the cell and the electroplating efficiency are improved. The cell has improved overall technical performances over conventional horizontal cells, and it is capable to effectively prevent short circuiting between the strip and the anodes. In general, the advantages of HHC include stable operation, excellent coating quality, high current density, low power consumption, and simple as well as compact equipment.
Analysis of Processing Equipment for Near-Net Shape Manufacturing Technology of Materials
Authors: Zhang Feng Quan , Luo Zhong Han
Published: October 2012

The processing equipment for near-net shape technology of materials is introduced in the paper. According to analysis of industrialized processing equipment and technology testing equipment for difficult-to-cut alloy materials, combined with difficulties in strip casting and features of difficult-to-cut alloy materials, the processing equipment for difficult-to-cut alloy materials near-net shaping is developed, thus realized single machine-shaping from molten steel to cold rolling product, and improved near-net shape manufacturing technology of materials.
Study on the Side Blowing Parameters of High-Density Pipe Cooling Equipment
Authors: Zhang Shao Jun , Zhu Dong Mei , Liu Guo Yong , Wu Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2012

The three-dimensional unsteady model of the side blowing of high-density pipe cooling equipment is calculated by the finite element method. The effects of different jet velocity, the nozzle height and spray angle on the side blowing are analyzed. And the temperatures of the plate under various conditions are studied. The results provide theoretical basis for the improvement of the cooling device.
Research and Application of Dynamic Secondary Cooling Control System for a Continuous Steel Billet Caster
Authors: Peng Zun , Hu Wen Hao , Bao Yan Ping , Wang Min , Zhang Li Qiang , Zhang Chao Jie
Published: October 2012

A two-dimensional heat-transfer model for transient simulation of a billets caster is presented. Its accuracy is verified through measured billet temperature and shell thickness. Billets temperature and solidification are computed by this model as a function of time varying casting speed, secondary cooling water flow rates and temperature, billet cross section, steel grade, and pouring and ambient temperatures. A control methodology and algorithm suitable for online control of 5 strands billet continuous casting machine is integrated in this model. The ability of this model to control the surface temperature profile is demonstrated through dynamic and precise adjustment of secondary cooling water flow rates. This secondary cooling system has been applied to a billet caster in Hangzhou Steel Corporation.
Multi-Level Materials Service Safety Assessment System
Authors: Ai Yi Bo , Cui Hao , Zhang Wei Dong
Published: October 2012

With a number of major projects put into operation, such as high-speed train, marine platforms and new energy equipment, the service security issues for these projects have got more and more community-wide concern and become a hot topic in the recent study. Such systems' features are divided into more levels, the imbalance of existing data, and the longer service time. To resolve such service security issues, a variety of new methods such as multi-level modeling, data transfer between levels, and data balance method, must be introduced in the traditional reliability methods. In this paper, a multi-level materials service safety assessment system has been proposed, and a data processing method and the data transfer rules between levels have also been proposed based on Bayesian inference method and hybrid testing. The research result can be widely used in aerospace, high-speed train, new energy equipment and other fields needing service safety assessment.
Research of Smith Monitor AGC Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control
Authors: Zhang Fei , Ye Li Feng , Sun Wen Quan , Ren Xiao Huai
Published: October 2012

In response to the characteristics of large time delay, nonlinear, various disturbances in Monitor AGC system for cold rolling mill, a control strategy combining Smith predictor with Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is proposed. Approximation ability of Extended State Observer (ESO) to estimate unknown parts of controlled plant model is promoted by model compensated ADRC. Aimed at a 4-high cold rolling mill, simulation analysis for classical Smith predictor monitor AGC and ADRC-Smith predictor Monitor AGC is used. The results indicate that ADRC-Smith predictor Monitor AGC has better performance on robustness and capacity of anti-disturbance.
Technical Characteristics and Application for a New Type of 8-Roll Cold Rolling Mill
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Hong Bo , Shen Zhi Qian
Published: October 2012

This paper focuses on a new type of 8-roll cold rolling mill with the back-up bearing roll. Compared to the traditional 6-roll cold rolling mill, a thick-walled bearing roll is used to multi-support the intermediate roll. By the rack, the fan-shaped gears, the eccentric core shaft and the servo-cylinder, the work roll can be pushed down by this screw down device on the top of the mill; By contrast with the 4(6)-roll mill, this type of mill has some characteristics, such as: the small size of rolls, lighter weight, the fast response for the screw down. The bearing roll is fixed by the supporting blocks placed on the rolling-mill housing. So this mill has large traverse rigidity, and this is propitious to the flatness control. By different means of strip flatness adjustments, such as the intermediate roll shifting, the roll bending and the bearing roll adjusting, the strip flatness can be well controlled. The oil-gas lubrication is used in the bearings of the bearing rolls, and the changing rolls equipment is designed for this type of mill too. A series of this type of mills (as 450, 800, 1250, 1450 series) have been produced since it was developed in 1997. The mills for 1250 and 1450 series have been applied in five-stand cold rolling mill and single stand reversing mill, a rolling speed of 800m/min has been achieved.
Research and Application on Spring Model of Hot Strip Mill
Authors: Wang Hai Yu , Yang Quan , Wang Xiao Chen , Zhang Yan , Guo De Fu
Published: October 2012

Spring model is important restrictive factors to improve the precision of AGC control system. To improve the accuracy of strip gauge control, Study on various influencing factors of spring model has important significance in rolling process. Therefore, using ABAQUS finite element software, this paper establishes the whole stand model of strip rolling. The model is used to analyze variation factors of the strip width and bending force to impact the longitudinal stiffness of rolling mill and get calculation model of the longitudinal stiffness of rolling mill. Then, this paper considers influence of the roller thermal expansion and wear factors influence on spring model and establish compensation model. The corrected spring model was applied to 1780mm hot strip mill in a factory in China, taking 45 strip head samples for measurement, with the model error under 50µm.
Hot Rolling State Analysis Based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis and Information Entropy
Authors: He Fei , Yang Quan , Wang Bao Jian
Published: October 2012

With more and more process data acquired from manufacturing process, extracting useful information to build empirical models of past successful operations is urgently required to get higher product quality. Clustering is the important data mining methods, where feature extraction is a significant factor to ensure the accurate rate of clustering and classification. As a common non-linear feature extraction method, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) uses the variance as the information metric, but the variance is not always effective in some cases. Since information entropy is nonlinear and can effectively represent the dependencies of features, the Renyi entropy is used as the information metric to extract the feature in this paper. Simulation data, Tennessee Eastman and hot rolling process data are used for model validation. As a result the proposed method has better performance on feature extraction, compared with traditional KPCA.
Research in Hot-Rolling Downcoiler Dynamic Torque Control
Authors: Guo Qiang , Hu Xiao Jun , Zheng Zhen Yong
Published: October 2012

Torque control of hot strip coiler affects the telescopicity of steel coil. The hot yield point of steel is different in different temperature, it affects the bending torque of steel strip, the strip coiling temperature is about 500-700,and what obtained through the study of steel hot yield point is that large change of hot yield point happens in every 50 degrees of temperature change. In order to track the load torque accurately, compensation of torque for temperature change is necessary. It can make torque tracking accurately, and improve the telescopicity of steel coil.
Equation of Shape Control and Edge Drop on UCMW Tandem Cold Mill
Authors: Du Xiao Zhong , Yang Quan , Huang Qing Xue
Published: October 2012

Edge drop of strip and sheet is a key technological issue besides of gauge control and shape control during the process of wide strip rolling, the reasonable control procedure of edge drop can increase the qualified product ratio, as well the quality and performance of product, it is especially effective for the silicon steel sheet, tin sheet and automobile body sheet. Therefore, more researchers focus on the edge drop of strip and its control technology in recent years. In this paper, a new strip profile control equation is established originally, according to the ways of strip shape control technology of large-scale tandem cold rolling mills. The new equation describes both the shape control and edge drop control. Some verification is developed in the equation based on the 1420mm UCMW tandem cold mill. The research result about mechanics of edge drop and it's control have been applied in tandem cold rolling mill. The good result is obtained according to the field measured data, and the control precision is increased greatly.
Research of the Strategy on the Flatness and Gauge Control Based on Coiling Variable Tension Control Process
Authors: Sun Wen Quan , Yang Quan , He An Rui , Guo Xin Yu
Published: October 2012

Based on the analysis and simulation of the variable tension coiling process, integrated control strategy for strip flatness, thickness and tension has been proposed when the last stand adopts the control means of both position closed loop and pressure closed loop. The strategy pre-controls strip flatness and thickness according to the changing tension to decrease accommodation amplitude and enhance product quality. Practical application shows the strategy improves the control precision on the basis of ensuring the stable operation of unit.
Residents’ Cognition about Function of Green Agriculture and its Influencing Factors of Willingness to Pay for Environmental Compensation - Based on Investigation of Da Bie Shan Pilot Site
Authors: Tian Miao , Xia Qing Li
Published: October 2012

The level of residents' cognition on function of green agro-ecological compensation is an important prerequisite to support green agriculture’s sustainable development and improve the public welfare. It is also a social and psychological foundation to develop and improve the policy of green agro-ecological compensation. This paper based on the surveying data about 186 residents in six countries of Da Bie Shan Pilot Site and finds that: the survey has some awareness about the green function of agro-ecosystems, but not high. The level of awareness of ecological compensation will directly affect the people’s willingness to pay. We use the model of logistic and conclude the main factors what influence persons’ willingness to pay which is in order to provide some reference for establishing an ecological compensation mechanism which based on the public participation.
Study on the Directional Breeding of High Glutamic-Acid Production Strain GTS190 and the Control on its Fermentation
Authors: Li Zhi Hua , Chen Ning
Published: October 2012

Using Brevibacterium flavum CN1021 as starting strain, the L-glutamate producing strain was directionally bred with protoplast UV mutagenesis, UV mutagenesis and DES mutagenesis. Through shake-tube preliminary screening, shake-flask re-screening, genetic markers verification and continuous passage, an L-glutamate temperature-sensitive mutant strain GTS190 (Ts+Omr+GluHXr+ SGr+FEAr+AECr+Sucg) was screened finally. It was fermented for 36h in a vessel (30L) feeding by batches, in which glutamic acid production reached 195g/L and sugar and acid conversion rate was 66%.
The Biotic Resistance of Soil Biota on the Invasive Weed Coreopsis grandiflora Varies with Irradiance Levels
Authors: Chen Hua , Chang Rui Ying , Wang Ren Qing , Liu Jian
Published: October 2012

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the effects of the sterilization of the soil on the invasive weed Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg. at two irradiance levels. The sterilization was done by benomyl which is a fungicide used worldwide to sterilize the fungal pathogens. The study found that the effects of the sterilization on C. grandiflora varied with the light intensity in terms of the leaf biomass, total biomass and the root-shoot ratio. At high irradiance (60%) the sterilization significantly increased the leaf biomass, total biomass and the ability of photosynthesis of C. grandiflora, suggesting there are soil pathogenic fungi which contribute to biotic resistance against the invasive plants. In contrast, at low irradiance, the sterilization did not have significant effects on the biomass of the plant although the Fv/Fm was significantly increased, suggesting that the light was the key factor and the biotic resistance of soil biota have some minor effects on the plant invasion of C. grandiflora in low light habitat such as forest canopy. The biotic resistance of soil biota on C. grandiflora varies with irradiance levels, suggesting the limiting factors of invasive plants are complex and vary with microhabitats.
Research on the Migration and Transformation of the Biogas Fertilizer Nutrients
Authors: Gao Hong Li , Li Hong Tao , Zhang Luo , Lu Xiang
Published: October 2012

Biogas Fertilizer nutrient contents are different with the different fermentation raw materials. This paper studied the migration and transformation of the nutrients in the raw materials-biogas fertilizer-soil-crop, summarized the correlation between fermentation materials and biogas fertilizer, the influence of biogas fertilizer on soil and crop nutrients. The results showed that: （1）The ratio of phosphorus and nitrogen content in raw materials and biogas fertilizers exceed the crop demand. （2）The inappropriate use of biogas fertilizer will result nitrogen/phosphorus nutrient in soil imbalance, contents of nitrite exceeded the soil standards and crops standards. To achieve the safe use of biogas fertilizer, it must carry out on biogas fertilizer standardization of production and scientific rational utilization.
Microelement Absorption and Metals Accumulation in Barley Seedlings under the Combined Toxicity of Cadmium and Aluminum
Authors: Guo Tian Rong
Published: October 2012

Hydroponic system was used to investigate the interaction between different levels of Cd and Al in barley seedlings. The results showed that stress exposure promoted Al or Cd accumulation in plants, leading to strongly inhibited growth. Concentration- and tissue-dependent responses to Al or Cd stress in barley leaves, stems, and roots were found in four nutrient concentrations. Thus, stress generally inhibited Mg, Zn, and Ca absorption, but increased Fe accumulation and Ca translocation from roots to aboveground parts. Binary metal combinations significantly increased Al levels in plant parts, and aggravated growth inhibition as well as nutrients absorption disorder caused by Al treatments, especially the combination of 90 µM Al+5 µM Cd. By contrast, combined treatments decreased Cd concentration in plants, and the combinations of 10 µM Cd+Al alleviated Cd-induced growth and metabolism anomaly.
Effect of Photosynthetic Bacteria (PSB) on the System of Breeding Chinese Mitten Crab
Authors: Wang Hai Chao , Zhang Xing Tao , Chen Hong Ling
Published: October 2012

The influence of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) on the systerm of breeding chinese mitten crab was studied. Results showed: with the use of PSB, the vibrio bacteria reduced by over 10 times, the nitric bacteria rose 5 times, and the nitrous bacteria rose 1.9 times. The survival rate of the chinese mitten crab larvae were increased by 32.7%. The use of PSB in breeding chinese mitten crab system could improve bacteria population and water quality evidently, enhanced the carring capacity of the ecosystem.
Utilization of Energy and Growth of Aquatic Worms during the Process of Sludge Reduction by Aquatic Worms
Authors: Huang Wei Fei , Shu Ying Gang , Cai Lu , Jin Jian Hua
Published: October 2012

In the research, the dissolved oxygen, energy efficiency index, growth of aquatic worms and sludge reduction were determined and analyzed. The energy use of aeration and the growth of aquatic worms were investigated during the process of in-situ sludge reduction by aquatic worms. For the wastewater treatment system adding with adequate aquatic worms, the power consumption was not increased and the utilization rate of oxygen was improved. The growth of aquatic worms well fitted DoseResp function and the sludge production was reduced evidently. Results indicate that the wastewater treatment adding with aquatic worms utilizes aeration energy sufficiently and reduces sludge production effectively.
Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Chlor-Alkali Chemical Industry Wastewater by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Precipitation Method
Authors: Zhu Lei , Guo Zhi Yong , Hua Xiu Yi , Dong De Ming , Liang Da Peng , Sun Ying Ying
Published: October 2012

This study introduces a method of ammonia nitrogen removal from chlor-alkali industry wastewater by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation. The effect of pH, reagent ratio and temperature were investigated. The pH was found to be the most significant factor. The optimal ammonia nitrogen removal ratio is about 46% under the condition of pH=10, reagent ratio n(Mg) : n(N) : n(P)=1.2 : 1.0 : 1.0 and temperature=35°C. According to this study, MAP precipitation method has the potential ability to be applied to remove ammonia nitrogen from chlor-alkali chemical industry wastewater.
Expression of the Genes Encoding Ectoine Synthases from Cobetia marina CICC10367 in E. coli BL21
Authors: Chen Qing , Zhang Ling Hua , Liu Ying Ying , Lang Ya Jun
Published: October 2012

In order to investigate the effects of the concentration of NaCl, the medium components and the recombinant type on the expression of the ectoine synthase genes ectABC in Escherichia coli BL21, ectABC and their promotor sequence from Cobetia marina CICC10367 were cloned. The cloned sequence was restructured with expression vector pET43.1 and then the recombinant vector was transformed into E. coli BL21. Two types of recombinant were obtained including recombinant ect03, the restructured ectABC and recombinant pect21, the restructured ectABC with promotor. The expression products of these two recombinants were identified by 1H-NMR and the effect of induction method and condition on the expression of ectoine was investigated. The result indicated that low concentration of NaCl was conducive to the expression of ectoine in recombinant ect03. The highest concentration of ectoine from recombinant ect03 was 216.1 g/L in MMG medium under 0.5% NaCl. The use of monosodium glutamate improved the expression of ectoine significantly. Higher concentration of NaCl (3%) was conducive to the expression of ectoine in recombinant pect21.
The Variations of the Abundance and Distribution Pattern of Calanus sinicus Brodsky in the Western South Yellow Sea in Spring and Summer
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Zong Ling
Published: October 2012

Multidisciplinary comprehensive investigations were conducted in the western South Yellow Sea in the summer, 2006 and spring, 2007. The abundance and distribution pattern of a dominant zooplankton species, Calanus sinicus, and its relationship with the environmental conditions are analyzed. The data of C. sinicus and hydrological parameter in the spring and summer of 1959 are used to compare the variations of C. sinicus and hydrographical conditions in the past 50 years. Results show that the abundance of C. sinicus was significantly higher in 2006 and 2007 than that in 1959 which may be correlate with both the bottom-up and top-down effects; the distribution pattern in the spring of the two years was similar, on the contrary, However, the hydrographical characteristics were conspicuously different between the two springs, for example, the coverage and strength of the Qingdao Cold Water Mass, the penetrating pathway of Yellow Sea Warm Current and the distribution pattern of the oceanic front. Correspondingly, the distribution pattern of C. sinicus in the summer of the two years showed great differences. Thus, it is suggested that the distribution pattern of C. sinicus in summer might be influenced by the hydrographical characteristics in spring, which probably further affects the present of some economically important fishes which fed on C. sinicus.