bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody in Lupus Nephritis: Correlation with Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease Activity
Authors: Said Dina , Rashad Nearmeen Mohammed , Abdelrahmanc Nora Said , Dawaa Ghada Aboelsaud
Published: December 2020

Background::

Lupus nephritis (LN) represents 40%-50% of all systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) patients, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is associated with significant morbidity
and mortality. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) might be involved in the pathogenesis
of LN.

Objective::

We evaluated the role of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA,
and anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies (anti-GBM autoAb) for the diagnosis of
LN.

Methods::

In this cross-sectional study, 95 SLE patients were divided into 2 subgroups: LN group
(n = 60) and non-LN group (n = 35). For further analysis, we subclassified the LN group into ANCA-
positive (n = 16) and ANCA-negative (n = 44) LN patients. The entire Non-LN group was ANCA-
negative. The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was reported for each patient. Determination
of MPO-ANCA, PR3-ANCA, and anti-GBM autoAb was performed using a novel multiplex
bead-based technology in all patients. Data analyses were done using SPSS, version 20. Approval
was obtained from the institutional review board of Zagazig University (ZU-IRB#6000).

Results::

Of 95 patients with SLE, 16 patients (16.84%) had ANCA-positive LN, all of which were
MPO-ANCA. There was a positive correlation between MPO-ANCA and SLEDAI, as well as with
class IV LN. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that the sensitivity and specificity
of MPO-ANCA were 81.3% and 99.8%, respectively, in discriminating LN from systemic lupus
without nephritis.

Conclusion::

MPO-ANCA level was significantly correlated with SLEDAI, inflammatory markers,
kidney function tests, and LN class IV.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In silico Analysis of Some Novel 2-Amino-1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent DNA Gyrase B Inhibitors
Authors: Ramalakshmi Natarajan , A. Prabakaran , S. Sumithra , S. Keerthika , J. Nivetha , R. Raveena
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Thiadiazole derivatives have been reported as a potent antimicrobial
agent and the discovery of drug molecules for antimicrobial-resistant strains of Escherichia coli is
still a vital challenge in the modern world.

Objective:

The objective of the present study is to design, synthesize and perform molecular docking
studies and in-silico analysis of some novel 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives with the
aim of developing potential DNA gyrase B inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:

The compound 5-substituted-1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives [compound
1a-1c] ; 5,6-Diphenyl- 2-[5-(substituted)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl amino]-2H -1,2,4-triazine-
3-thione derivatives [compound 2a-2c]; and propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2,6-bis [5-(substituted)-
1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl amino] benzoate derivatives [compound 3a -3c] were synthesised by temperature-
controlled microwave-assisted method. The structures of the synthesized compounds were
drawn in ChemSketch. Further, molecular docking and in-silico studies for the prediction of druglikeness,
pharmacokinetic parameters and prediction of toxicity were carried out . The structures of
the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral analysis.

Results:

The synthesized compounds had a better yield.The docking studies of the synthesized
compounds had a better docking score with a good binding affinity towards the protein molecule.
The synthesized compounds also comply with the in-silico prediction of drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic
parameters and prediction of toxicity.

Conclusion:

The present study reveals that the 5-substituted-1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives
can serve as a better lead as potent DNA gyrase B inhibitor in further drug discovery.
Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Properties of Daucus Gracilis Steinh Flowers Essential Oil
Authors: Nadia Bouhassane , Merad-Boussalah Nouria , Benyoucef Fatima , Zoheir Arrar , Muselli Alain , El Amine Dib Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Background:

Daucus gracilis Steinh belongs to the Apiaceae family. The flowers of
this plant have been used by the population of western Algeria for the treatment of mouth ulcers.
However, very few studies exist concerning the biological properties of essential oil of Daucus gracilis
Steinh flowers.

Objectives:

The purpose of this work was to study the chemical composition of the essential oil of
Daucus gracilis flowers and to evaluate their antimicrobial, insecticidal and anti-inflammatory
properties.

Methods:

The distilled essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of
the essential oil was evaluated using two methods i) diffusion method, and ii) micro dilution technique.
The insecticidal activity of essential oil was evaluated against adults of Tribolium confusum
by fumigant test. The in vitro assessment of the anti-inflammatory property of essential oil was assessed
by the protein denaturation method.

Results:

Daucus gracilis flowers essential oil mainly represented oxygenated monoterpenes such
as geranyl acetate (18.3%), lavandulyl acetate (15.2%), lavandulyl isobutyrate (13.6%) and citronellyl
isobutyrate (6.8%). According to the results of antimicrobial activity, the essential oil of flowers
presented prominent inhibitory action against Aspergillus flavus (0.06 μg/mL), followed by Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia faecalis, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans with MIC values of
0.125 μg/mL. The Daucus gracilis essential oil flowers proved to be very biocidal toward adults of
Tribolium confusum; mortality of 100% of the population was noted with a dose of 2 μl/L air after
24 hours of exposure. Furthermore, the oil has shown a very good inhibition of protein denaturation
comparable to Diclofenac at a concentration of 30 μL/mL.

Conclusion:

Daucus gracilis essential oil can be used as a pharmacological tools for inflammatory,
antimicrobial and insecticidal properties.
Opportunities and Challenges of a Self-Management App to Support People With Spinal Cord Injury in the Prevention of Pressure Injuries: Qualitative Study
Authors: Amann Julia , Fiordelli Maddalena , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Brach Mirjam , Rubinelli Sara
Published: December 2020

Background

Mobile health applications can offer tailored self-management support to individuals living with chronic health conditions. However, there are several challenges to the adoption of these technologies in practice. Co-design is a promising approach to overcoming some of these challenges by enabling the development of solutions that meet the actual needs and preferences of the relevant stakeholder groups.

Objective

Taking spinal cord injury as a case in point, the overall objectives of this study were to identify the perceived benefits of a co-designed self-management app that could promote its uptake and to explore the factors that may impede adoption.

Methods

We adopted a qualitative research approach guided by the Technology Acceptance Model. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with individuals with spinal cord injury (n=15) and two focus groups with health care professionals specialized in spinal cord injury (n=7, n=5). Prior to the interviews and focus groups, study participants were given time to explore the app prototype. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Findings of our analysis indicate that study participants perceived the app prototype as potentially useful for supporting individuals with spinal cord injury in preventing pressure injuries. In particular, we identified three concrete use cases highlighting the benefits of the app for different audiences: (1) a companion for newly injured individuals, (2) an emergency kit and motivational support, and 3) a guide for informal caregivers and family members. We also uncovered several challenges that might impede the adoption of the self-management app in practice, including (1) challenges in motivating individuals to use the app, (2) concerns about the misuse and abuse of the app, and (3) organizational and maintenance challenges.

Conclusions

This study adds to a growing body of research that investigates individuals’ adoption and nonadoption behavior regarding mobile health solutions. Building on earlier work, we make recommendations on how to address the barriers to the adoption of mobile health solutions identified by this study. In particular, there is a need to foster trust in mobile health among prospective users, including both patients and health care professionals. Moreover, increasing personal relevance of mobile health solutions through personalization may be a promising approach to promote uptake. Last but not least, organizational support also plays an instrumental role in mobile health adoption. We conclude that even though co-design is promoted as a promising approach to develop self-management tools, co-design does not guarantee adoption. More research is needed to identify the most promising strategies to promote the adoption of evidence-based mobile health solutions in practice.
Health Care Staff’s Experiences of Engagement When Introducing a Digital Decision Support System for Wound Management: Qualitative Study
Authors: Wickström Hanna , Tuvesson Hanna , Öien Rut , Midlöv Patrik , Fagerström Cecilia
Published: December 2020

Background

eHealth solutions such as digital decision support systems (DDSSs) have the potential to assist collaboration between health care staff to improve matters for specific patient groups. Patients with hard-to-heal ulcers have long healing times because of a lack of guidelines for structured diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Multidisciplinary collaboration in wound management teams is essential. A DDSS could offer a way of aiding improvement within wound management. The introduction of eHealth solutions into health care is complicated, and the engagement of the staff seems crucial. Factors influencing and affecting engagement need to be understood and considered for the introduction of a DDSS to succeed.

Objective

This study aims to describe health care staff’s experiences of engagement and barriers to and influencers of engagement when introducing a DDSS for wound management.

Methods

This study uses a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 11 health care staff within primary (n=4), community (n=6), and specialist (n=1) care during the start-up of the introduction of a DDSS for wound management. The interviews focused on the staff’s experiences of engagement. Content analysis by Burnard was used in the data analysis process.

Results

A total of 4 categories emerged describing the participants’ experiences of engagement: a personal liaison, a professional commitment, an extended togetherness, and an awareness and understanding of the circumstances.

Conclusions

This study identifies barriers to and influencers of engagement, reinforcing that staff experience engagement through feeling a personal liaison and a professional commitment to make things better for their patients. In addition, engagement is nourished by sharing with coworkers and by active support and understanding from leadership.
Electronic Cigarette Users' Perspective on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study Using Twitter Data
Authors: Gao Yankun , Xie Zidian , Li Dongmei
Published: December 2020

Background

Previous studies have shown that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users might be more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and could develop more severe symptoms if they contract the disease owing to their impaired immune responses to viral infections. Social media platforms such as Twitter have been widely used by individuals worldwide to express their responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to examine the longitudinal changes in the attitudes of Twitter users who used e-cigarettes toward the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as compare differences in attitudes between e-cigarette users and nonusers based on Twitter data.

Methods

The study dataset containing COVID-19–related Twitter posts (tweets) posted between March 5 and April 3, 2020, was collected using a Twitter streaming application programming interface with COVID-19–related keywords. Twitter users were classified into two groups: Ecig group, including users who did not have commercial accounts but posted e-cigarette–related tweets between May 2019 and August 2019, and non-Ecig group, including users who did not post any e-cigarette–related tweets. Sentiment analysis was performed to compare sentiment scores towards the COVID-19 pandemic between both groups and determine whether the sentiment expressed was positive, negative, or neutral. Topic modeling was performed to compare the main topics discussed between the groups.

Results

The US COVID-19 dataset consisted of 4,500,248 COVID-19–related tweets collected from 187,399 unique Twitter users in the Ecig group and 11,479,773 COVID-19–related tweets collected from 2,511,659 unique Twitter users in the non-Ecig group. Sentiment analysis showed that Ecig group users had more negative sentiment scores than non-Ecig group users. Results from topic modeling indicated that Ecig group users had more concerns about deaths due to COVID-19, whereas non-Ecig group users cared more about the government’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

Our findings show that Twitter users who tweeted about e-cigarettes had more concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings can inform public health practitioners to use social media platforms such as Twitter for timely monitoring of public responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and educating and encouraging current e-cigarette users to quit vaping to minimize the risks associated with COVID-19.
Social Media Use, Unhealthy Lifestyles, and the Risk of Miscarriage Among Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Liu Jue , Han Na , Yin Jing
Published: December 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes to normal life and disrupted social and economic function worldwide. However, little is known about the impact of social media use, unhealthy lifestyles, and the risk of miscarriage among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

This study aims to assess the association between social media use, unhealthy lifestyles, and the risk of miscarriage among pregnant women in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 456 singleton pregnant women in mainland China were recruited during January and February 2020. Sociodemographic characteristics, history of previous health, social media use, and current lifestyles were collected at baseline, and we followed up about the occurrence of miscarriage. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the risk ratios (RRs) of miscarriage for women with different exposures to COVID-19–specific information.

Results

Among all the 456 pregnant women, there were 82 (18.0%) who did no physical activities, 82 (18.0%) with inadequate dietary diversity, 174 (38.2%) with poor sleep quality, and 54 (11.8%) spending >3 hours on reading COVID-19 news per day. Women with excessive media use (>3 hours) were more likely to be previously pregnant (P=.03), have no physical activity (P=.003), have inadequate dietary diversity (P=.03), and have poor sleep quality (P<.001). The prevalence of miscarriage was 16.0% (n=73; 95% CI 12.6%-19.4%). Compared with women who spent 0.5-2 hours (25/247, 10.1%) on reading COVID-19 news per day, miscarriage prevalence in women who spent <0.5 hours (5/23, 21.7%), 2-3 hours (26/132, 19.7%), and >3 hours (17/54, 31.5%) was higher (P<.001). Miscarriage prevalence was also higher in pregnant women with poor sleep quality (39/174, 22.4% vs 34/282, 12.1%; P=.003) and a high education level (66/368, 17.9% vs 7/88, 8.0%; P=.02). In the multivariable model, poor sleep quality (adjusted RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.24-3.44; P=.006), 2-3 hours of media use daily (adjusted RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.02-2.97; P=.04), and >3 hours of media use daily (adjusted RR 2.56, 95% CI 1.43-4.59; P=.002) were associated with miscarriage. In the sensitivity analysis, results were still stable.

Conclusions

Pregnant women with excessive media use were more likely to have no physical activity, inadequate dietary diversity, and poor sleep quality. Excessive media use and poor sleep quality were associated with a higher risk of miscarriage. Our findings highlight the importance of healthy lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Examination of a Canada-Wide Collaboration Platform for Order Sets: Retrospective Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Javidan Arshia Pedram , Brand Allan , Cameron Andrew , D'Ovidio Tommaso , Persaud Martin , Lewis Kirsten , O'Connor Chris
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Knowledge translation and dissemination are some of the main challenges that affect evidence-based medicine. Web 2.0 platforms promote the sharing and collaborative development of content. Executable knowledge tools, such as order sets, are a knowledge translation tool whose localization is critical to its effectiveness but a challenge for organizations to develop independently.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes a Web 2.0 resource, referred to as the collaborative network (TCN), for order set development designed to share executable knowledge (order sets). This paper also analyzes the scope of its use, describes its use through network analysis, and examines the provision and use of order sets in the platform by organizational size.

METHODS

Data were collected from Think Research’s TxConnect platform. We measured interorganization sharing across Canadian hospitals using descriptive statistics. A weighted chi-square analysis was used to evaluate institutional size to share volumes based on institution size, with post hoc Cramer V score to measure the strength of association.

RESULTS

TCN consisted of 12,495 order sets across 683 diagnoses or processes. Between January 2010 and March 2015, a total of 131 health care organizations representing 360 hospitals in Canada downloaded order sets 105,496 times. Order sets related to acute coronary syndrome, analgesia, and venous thromboembolism were most commonly shared. COVID-19 order sets were among the most actively shared, adjusting for order set lifetime. A weighted chi-square analysis showed nonrandom downloading behavior (P<.001), with medium-sized institutions downloading content from larger institutions acting as the most significant driver of this variance (chi-gram=124.70).

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, we have described and analyzed a Web 2.0 platform for the sharing of order set content with significant network activity. The robust use of TCN to access customized order sets reflects its value as a resource for health care organizations when they develop or update their own order sets.
Crowdsourcing Covid-19 signals in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging digital contributor networks for participatory surveillance of Covid-19 symptoms and deaths (Preprint)
Authors: Erondu Ngozi A , Ali Sagal A , Ali Mohamed , Agbla Schadrac C
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

In sub-Saharan Africa, underreporting of cases and deaths has been attributed to various factors including, weak disease surveillance, low health-seeking behaviour of flu like symptoms, and stigma of Covid-19. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spread mimics transmission patterns of other countries across the world. Since the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way research can be conducted and in light of restrictions on travel and risks to in-person data collection, innovative approaches to collecting data must be considered. Nearly 50% of Africa’s population is a unique mobile subscriber and it is one of the fastest growing smart-phone marketplaces in the world; hence, mobile phone platforms should be considered to monitor Covid-19 trends in the community.

OBJECTIVE

We demonstrate the use of digital contributor platforms to survey individuals about cases of flu-like symptoms and instances of unexplained deaths in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, and Zimbabwe.

METHODS

Rapid cross-sectional survey of individuals with severe flu and pneumonia symptoms and unexplained deaths in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia and Zimbabwe

RESULTS

Using a non-health specific information platform, we found COVID-19 signals in five African countries, specifically:
•Across countries, nearly half of the respondents (n=739) knew someone who had severe flu or pneumonia symptoms in recent months.
•One in three respondents from Somalia and one in five from Zimbabwe respondents said they knew more than five people recently displaying flu and/or pneumonia symptoms.
•In Somalia there were signals that a large number of people might be dying outside of health facilities, specifically in their homes or in IDP or refugee camps.

CONCLUSIONS

Existing digital contributor platforms with local networks are a non-traditional data source that can provide information from the community to supplement traditional government surveillance systems and academic surveys. We demonstrate that using these distributor networks to for community surveys can provide periodic information on rumours but could also be used to capture local sentiment to inform public health decision-making; for example, these insights could be useful to inform strategies to increase confidence in Covid19 vaccine. As Covid-19 continues to spread somewhat silently across sub-Saharan Africa, regional and national public health entities should consider expanding event-based surveillance sources to include these systems.
The Influence of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Prevention and Vaccination Behaviors Among Chinese Children and Adolescents: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hou Zhiyuan , Song Suhang , Du Fanxing , Shi Lu , Zhang Donglan , Lin Leesa , Yu Hongjie
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 epidemic and the related containment strategies may affect parental and pediatric health behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to assess the change in children’s and adolescents’ prevention and vaccination behaviors amid China’s COVID-19 epidemic.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in mid-March 2020 using proportional quota sampling in Wuhan (the epidemic epicenter) and Shanghai (a nonepicenter). Data were collected from 1655 parents with children aged 3 to 17 years. Children’s and adolescents’ prevention behaviors and regular vaccination behaviors before and during the epidemic were assessed. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate respondents’ characteristics, public health prevention behaviors, unproven protection behaviors, and vaccination behaviors before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. Univariate analyses were performed to compare differences in outcome measures between cities and family characteristics, using chi-square tests or Fisher exact tests (if expected frequency was <5) and analyses of variance. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the factors and disparities associated with prevention and vaccination behaviors.

RESULTS

Parent-reported prevention behaviors increased among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic compared with those before the epidemic. During the epidemic, 82.2% (638/776) of children or adolescents always wore masks when going out compared with 31.5% (521/1655) before the epidemic; in addition, 25.0% (414/1655) and 79.8% (1321/1655) had increased their frequency and duration of handwashing, respectively, although only 46.9% (776/1655) went out during the epidemic. Meanwhile, 56.1% (928/1655) of the families took unproven remedies against COVID-19. Parent-reported vaccination behaviors showed mixed results, with 74.8% (468/626) delaying scheduled vaccinations and 80.9% (1339/1655) planning to have their children get the influenza vaccination after the epidemic. Regarding socioeconomic status, children and adolescents from larger families and whose parents had lower education levels were less likely to improve prevention behaviors but more likely to take unproven remedies. Girls were less likely than boys to always wear a mask when going out and wash their hands.

CONCLUSIONS

Prevention behaviors and attitudes toward influenza vaccination have improved during the COVID-19 epidemic. Public health prevention measures should be continuously promoted, particularly among girls, parents with lower education levels, and larger families. Meanwhile, misinformation about COVID-19 remains a serious challenge and needs to be addressed by public health stakeholders.
Обоснование использования натуральных средств в лечении аутоиммунного тиреоидита с разной степенью гипотиреоза
Authors: Barabash N.Ye. , Simonova Yе.V. , Tykhonova T.M. , Nechvohlod O.М. , Shvets O.V.
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Аутоиммунный тиреоидит является наиболее частой причиной гипофункции щитовидной железы. Если тактика лечения манифестного гипотиреоза путем назначения заместительной гормональной терапии довольно однозначна, то вопрос по лечению пациентов с субклиническим гипотиреозом остается открытым. Целью данного исследования было определить эффективность использования комбинированного натурального препарата Тиреос при лечении аутоиммунного тиреоидита без нарушения функции на стадии субклинического гипотиреоза в качестве монотерапии и в комплексной терапии манифестного гипотиреоза — в комбинации с L-тироксином. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 49 больных аутоиммунным тиреоидитом в возрасте 48,26 ± 13,52 года, разделенных на три группы. В первую группу включены 20 больных аутоиммунным тиреоидитом без нарушения функции, во вторую группу — 16 больных с впервые выявленным субклиническим гипотиреозом, в третью группу — 13 больных, предварительно получавших терапию L-тироксином по поводу манифестного гипотиреоза. Всем пациентам был назначен Тиреос по 1 капсуле два раза в сутки на период 3 месяца в качестве монотерапии (больным первой и второй групп) или в дополнение к заместительной гормональной терапии (больным третьей группы). Результаты. При оценке жалоб выявлено, что через 3 месяца приема препарата слабость и быструю утомляемость отмечали достоверно меньше больных во всех трех группах (р < 0,05). Также достоверно реже после трехмесячной терапии Тиреосом регистрировалась жалоба на сухость и выпадение волос у больных первых двух групп (р < 0,05). В результате лечения сухость кожи доказанно уменьшилась у больных только первой обследуемой группы (р = 0,024). У больных с впервые выявленным субклиническим гипотиреозом определена достоверная позитивная динамика ТТГ. У лиц с манифестным гипотиреозом добавление Тиреоса к терапии L-тироксином позволило существенно снизить уровень тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ) и повысить показатель свободного тироксина без изменения дозы заместительной гормональной терапии. Все обследуемые больные хорошо переносили прием препарата, какие-либо побочные реакции отсутствовали. Выводы. При наличии субклинического и манифестного гипотиреоза на фоне аутоиммунного тиреоидита полностью оправданным является использование комбинированного натурального препарата Тиреос. Он показал клинически значимый положительный эффект, который проявлялся в улучшении самочувствия и показателей гормонального статуса больных как в монотерапии при субклиническом гипотиреозе, так и в комбинации с L-тироксином — при манифестном. Предварительные результаты по эффективности Тиреоса в подавлении аутоиммунного процесса в щитовидной железе требуют дальнейшего уточнения с привлечением большего числа больных и удлинением курса лечения.
A Saga of Intellectual Property Licensing: Investigating the Credibility of 25 Percent Rule
Authors: Soni Seema , Devarapalli Pratap , Zieseniss Jeanine , Atapattu Nalinda
Published: December 2020

A healthy IP system creates opportunities and benefits for the industries, consumers, small businesses, governments, and the economy, including greater innovation, choice, competition, and jobs. Incentives to innovate, job creations, opportunities and revenue generation for governments make the environment interoperable and beneficial for all stakeholders. The IP created by industries and individuals can be licensed to others as a way of generating revenue. It is within this, already complex environment, where negotiating a fair royalty rate can become one of the most challenging tasks. It is here where the application of the 25 percent rule emerged as a rule of thumb, to determine royalty rates in most licensing transactions, specifically in patent licensing. In light of the above, this research study has looked into different issues relating to the credibility of the 25 percent rule after the Uniloc case. Moreover, this study tried to trace out and examine multiple issues, such as the validity of the grounds for rejecting the Rule, the criticism leveled against it, the applicability of the Daubert standards, limitations and exceptions to the Rule and other related issues that will answer the credibility of the 25 percent rule.
Another example of the mutual singularity of multifractal measures
Authors: Douzi Zied , Samti Amal , Selmi Bilel
Published: December 2020

We propose an example for which the multifractal Hausdorff and packing measures are mutually singular.
Salomé, el nacimiento de un ídolo de perversidad: Stéphane Mallarmé y Gustave Moreau
Authors: Ortiz Olivares Angélica Nathalie
Published: December 2020

La primera alusión a la historia del banquete de Herodes, donde Juan el Bautista fue decapitado y su cabeza entregada a la princesa Salomé a modo de recompensa por la interpretación de un magnífico baile, la encontramos en los Evangelios de Mateo, Marcos y Lucas. A través de los siglos, el breve relato fue objeto de múltiples y variadas reelaboraciones, desde el siglo I d. C. hasta nuestros días. La historia de la joven princesa Salomé comenzó su formación como mito literario a partir de 1841 con la publicación de la obra Atta Troll de Heinrich Heine; posteriormente siguió su expansión en los círculos literarios franceses con la inconclusa Hérodiade de Stéphane Mallarmé, la cual se convirtió en una fuente marcada de inspiración para los célebres cuadros Salomé danzante (1874-1876) y La aparición (1876) de Gustave Moreau, en donde la reescritura  de la vieja historia bíblica se reviste de una nueva y compleja simbología. El presente artículo se centra específicamente en el análisis de la construcción simbolista del tema-personaje de Salomé en las obras mencionadas, una literaria y una secuencia pictórica, en las cuales se pueden identificar vínculos intertextuales y cuyo objetivo en común es la construcción de un personaje que, más allá de representar la típica imagen de la mujer fatal, se transforma en una encarnación del arte mismo.
Partly Familiar, Partly Novel Too: Fantasy and Science Fiction in Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West
Authors: Jiménez Maximiliano
Published: December 2020

This article proposes a reading of Hamid’s novel Exit West (2017) that pays attention to the tropes and formulas of fantasy and science fiction used to frame an account of the so-called refugee crisis. Although the novel portrays situations rooted in the global concern regarding migrants, Hamid structures his story through associations with non-mimetic genres employing the trope of magical doors that provide escape to those desperate to flee their surroundings. I argue that replacing the hardships of travel with such a magical means of transport helps to relativize our perception of the situation in terms of science-fictional and fantasy scenarios. At the same time, the “unrealistic” depiction of the real sociopolitical problem leads to thematic reflections that are not grounded in the pity raised by the excessive attention paid to the dangers of migration, but that rather invite to a critical, positive engagement with the concept of hybridity, dramatized by Hamid in both the form and the content of his novel. Since what provides SF its generic cohesion is its use of ideology rather than specific structures or themes (Moreno, 2014), and since fantasy can be read underlying the political potential of its affective dimension (Clúa, 2017), the critical consideration of these two genres gives Exit West easy passage into a committed discussion about its context.
El curso de Termodinámica Irreversible Lineal durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Balmaseda Jorge , López Miranda Erick , Madera Sandoval Erick Armando , García Crisóstomo Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Se relatan, brevemente, las experiencias vividas durante la transición de la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea a consecuencia de la pandemia de COVID-19. Se resumen las opiniones de los estudiantes, recogidas en una encuesta realizada.
La enseñanza de la química a distancia en el CCH, entre el sitio y la pandemia
Authors: Robles Haro César
Published: December 2020

En el Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades han surgido propuestas innovadoras de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la química, primero en su modelo, buscando que los estudiantes integren en su bagaje cultural los elementos esenciales del saber humano a través de la conjunción entre las humanidades y las ciencias dentro del paradigma “dos métodos; dos lenguajes” entre ellos el método científico experimenta. Posteriormente, en 1996, se hizo una reforma muy profunda con la redistribución de las asignaturas en el nuevo plan de estudios, en el que se incorporaron los nuevos elementos de la didáctica, en particular en las ciencias experimentales se incorporaron las influencias de las propuestas constructivistas en a través de la integración en las estrategias de enseñanza de la identificación de las ideas previas, la construcción y planteamiento de conflictos cognitivos y la introducción de elementos contextuales en sus programas de estudios. Esto fue particularmente importante en química, que se enseña como la primera asignatura de las ciencias experimentales, y que en sus sucesivas actualizaciones de los programas han buscado incidir en la formación de una cultura científica básica mediante el desarrollo de conceptos, habilidades intelectuales y manipulativas y la formación en valores a través del cuestionamiento del impacto de la química como disciplina y de sus productos últimos como son los bienes de consumo y sus procesos de fabricación.
O crescimento da anticiência na Pandemia: Um quadro de luz e sombra
Authors: Chrispino Alvaro , Melo Thiago Brañas de , Albuquerque Márcia Bengio de
Published: December 2020

Durante pandemia causada pelo COVID-19 percebeu-se o aumento das manifestações de posições anticiência e negacionistas, da desinformação e das fake news. Crenças pessoais das mais variadas foram valorizadas em detrimento a posições baseadas em evidências. O quadro suscita reflexão dos educadores em ciência e tecnologia e requer propostas de intervenção na realidade escolar a fim de permitir uma formação cidadã mais bem informada. A abordagem de Natureza da Ciência e da Tecnologia (NdCT) e as experiências com a aplicação de questões sociocientíficas (QSC) podem contribuir para a melhoria dos quadros percebidos.
Reseña de un sitio arqueológico en el Magdalena medio (Pto Serviez)
Authors: Herrera Turbay Luisa Fernanda , Londoño Paredes Mauricio
Published: December 2020

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Excavaciones arqueológicas en zona panche, Guaduas-Cundinamarca
Authors: Perdomo Lucía R. de
Published: December 2020

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UMA VIVÊNCIA AUTO-ORGANIZADA NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR EM UMA ESCOLA DE NÍVEL MÉDIO
Authors: Antunes Alan Rodrigo , Betti Mauro
Published: December 2020

A pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever e compreender os resultados de uma intervenção em processos de ensino e aprendizagem na Educação Física em uma proposta auto-organizada, com base na Teoria da Auto-Organização de Michel Debrun. Foi caracterizada como pesquisa-ação e guiou-se por duas principais questões: por que razão e para qual fim o estudante mobiliza-se ou não frente aos conteúdos a ele apresentados? Quais os atratores e ruídos, e quais seus papéis no processo de ensino e aprendizagem? Envolveu 16 estudantes de uma escola técnica federal que frequentavam o 5º período do curso técnico integrado de nível médio. Nesse cenário, os resultados do processo investigativo apontaram a emergência da mobilização na medida em que surgiram atratores e ruídos identificados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
PERFIL DAS MULHERES ESCALADORAS BRASILEIRAS, ENTRE HOMENS E MONTANHAS
Authors: Pereira Dimitri Wuo , Souto Maior Yasmin Brito , Ramallo Bianca Trovelo
Published: December 2020

A escalada apresenta riscos e desafios, exigindo habilidades físicas e emocionais. As mulheres a cada dia se apropriam desta cultura no Brasil. O objetivo da pesquisa foi traçar um perfil das escaladoras brasileiras e sua percepção sobre sua aceitação no esporte. O método utilizado foi exploratório com um questionário para 268 escaladoras. Como resultado identificou-se que as escaladoras adquirem boa qualidade de vida, pelos aspectos fisiológicos, sociais e emocionais. A prática da escalada torna a mulher confiante e autônoma dependendo do desempenho técnico e físico. A escalada, para elas, se mostra um espaço de superação que vai além do ambiente vertical. Conclui-se que o número de mulheres que pratica escalada no Brasil aumentou, demonstrando que, mesmo com situações adversas, elas seguem firmes na modalidade, buscando independência e a evolução do esporte feminino.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR EM TEMPOS DE DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL: PANORAMA, DESAFIOS E ENFRENTAMENTOS CURRICULARES
Authors: Machado Roseli Belmonte , Fonseca Denise Grosso da , Medeiros Francine Muniz , Fernandes Nícolas
Published: December 2020

O ano de 2020 trouxe a Pandemia de COVID-19 atingindo o mundo. As medidas de contenção da propagação incluíram o distanciamento social, provocando, em meados de março de 2020, o fechamento das escolas. Isso ocasionou o deslocamento de aulas presenciais para remotas. A partir disso, objetivamos compreender o modo como a Educação Física, no Rio Grande do Sul, tem se posicionado no cenário das aulas remotas. Realizamos uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com professores que atuam em escolas do Rio Grande do Sul e estão trabalhando com Educação Física pelo ensino remoto. O instrumento foi um questionário com 20 perguntas enviado por e-mail. Percebemos que a Educação Física acompanhou as atividades produzidas pelas escolas, mas, identificamos alterações na forma de condução e ressaltamos os desafios do trabalho dos docentes e os efeitos no currículo.
Characterization of Beta Chain Fibrinogen (FGB) Gene From Maleo (Macrocephalon Maleo S. Muller 1846) Tuva Village Gumbasa Sub-District Sigi Regency Central Sulawesi
Authors: Syam Zakiah Zulfitri , Budiarsa I Made , Astija Astija
Published: December 2020

The FGB gene is a gene that plays a role in synthesizing b-fibrinogen proteins and is often used as a molecular marker because it is useful for studying bird phylogenetics. The purpose of this study was to describe the character sequences of the FGB gene in Maleo birds (Macrocephalon maleo S. Muller 1864). This study uses laboratory exploratory methods. Alignment is done using the MEGA6 program (Clustal W). Phylogeny trees are constructed based on the Neighbor-Joining algorithm and the Juke-Cantor evolution model of the MEGA6 program. The sample in this study was 0.3 ml of blood from Maleo birds and members of the Megapodiidae group species used as a comparison. The results of this study indicate the length of the FGB 576 bp sequence and was identified with a base composition of 32.2% A, 30.4% T, 17.0% C and 20.3% G. Nucleotide composition of the sequence of Adenine-rich FGB genes. Analysis of the FGB gene sequence phylogeny tree produced a tree topology that was quite good and had the power to split at the interspecies level and place the maleo bird in its own line compared to other Megapoda genera.
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Must Make Room for BIPOC Scholars
Authors: Massey Melanie , Arif Suchinta , Albury Catalina , Cluney Victoria
Published: December 2020

Research in ecology and evolutionary biology (EEB) plays a key role in
understanding and intervening in our current environmental and climate
crisis. Although anthropogenic stressors and climate change continue to
disproportionately affect Black, Indigenous, and people of colour
(BIPOC) individuals, their valuable scientific voices are shockingly
underrepresented within EEB. To underscore this problem, we present a
case study on EEB PhD graduates in the US (1994-2018), which illustrates
that BIPOC scholars are significantly underrepresented in their cohorts.
We recommend key steps that the EEB Academy should take to increase
representation of BIPOC scholars in EEB, including anti-racism education
and practice, increased funding opportunities, integration of diverse
cultural perspectives, and a community-minded shift in PhDs.
Importantly, this advice is directed at those who wield power in the
Academy (e.g., funding agencies, societies, institutions, departments,
and faculty), rather than BIPOC scholars already struggling against
inequitable frameworks in EEB.
Traumatic Rupture of the Posterior Deltoid Tendon During Weightlifting: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sanderson Brent , Bogard Michael , Jazayeri Reza
Published: December 2020

Deltoid tendon rupture is an infrequent injury. We report on a young
active white male who sustained a humeral sided deltoid avulsion tendon
rupture while attempting a 450-pound barbell shoulder shrug. Early
surgical fixation and a progressive rehabilitation program provided
successful short and long-term outcomes in our young active patient.
Clinical severity of atopic dermatitis is associated with dental caries risk in 3-year old children
Authors: Kalhan Tosha Ashish , Loo Evelyn , Shek Lynette , Kramer Michael , Lam Carolina Un , Karunakaran Bindu , Bever Hugo Van , Goh Anne , Chong Yap , lee bee wah , Tan Kok Hian , Saw Seang , Godfrey Keith , Hsu Chin-Ying
Published: December 2020

Background: Infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) are reported to be at
higher risk of early childhood caries (ECC) at 3-years, but the clinical
validity of the reported link remains unknown. We investigated if
clinical severity of AD in young children is associated with increased
ECC risk at 3-years. Methods: In Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy
Outcomes (GUSTO) mother-offspring cohort, AD was diagnosed by trained
physicians using Hanifin and Rajka criteria at 18-month and 3-year
clinic visits (n=837). Of the children diagnosed with AD, disease
severity was assessed using SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) index and
categorized into moderate-to-severe AD (SCORAD≥25), and mild AD
(SCORAD<25), with children without AD (non-AD) as a reference
group. Oral examinations for ECC detection was performed by calibrated
dentists in 656 children at age 3-years. Negative binomial regression
was used to calculate the adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR; adjusted
for socio-demographic factors and prenatal tobacco smoke exposure).
Results: Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 7.3% (61/837) children;
amongst which 23% had moderate-to-severe AD and 77% had mild AD. ECC
was observed in 85.7%, 36.8% and 42.8% of the children in
moderate-to-severe, mild and non-AD groups, respectively. Children with
moderate-to-severe AD were at higher risk of ECC (aIRR 2.30 [95%
confidence interval (CI) 1.04-5.06]; p=0.03) at 3 years compared to
non-AD, while no association was seen between mild AD and ECC.
Conclusions: Children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis were at
higher risk of ECC compared to those without AD and may benefit from
early dental referral.
Kültürün Kökenlerinde Dayı Hukuku
Authors: samet kahraman berat
Published: December 2020

İnsan, bulunduğu kültürel yapı içinde aidiyet hissine ve köken bilincine sahip olmak ister. Akraba ilişkileri bu çerçevede önemli rol oynar. Özellikle ilkel toplumlarda dayının sahip olduğu ayrıcalıklı konumu ve koruyucu yapısı, diğer akraba ilişkilerinden farklıdır. Babanın sadece dölleyici rol oynadığı ana soylu toplumlarda dayı, yeğenlerinin birinci dereceden sorumlusu ve varisidir. Aile içindeki bu bağlardan dolayı dayı hukuku ortaya çıkmıştır.
Zamanla gelişen toplumda aile kurumunun oluşması ve baba otoritesinin çocuk üzerinde etkisinin azalması, dayının sahip olduğu güçlü statünün sarsılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu noktada dayı-baba gerilimi ortaya çıkmıştır. Baba otoritesinin toplumda tamamen kabul edilmesiyle, zamanla dayının toplumsal rolündeki değeri azalmaya başlamıştır. Ancak kültürün kökenlerinde güçlü bir rol oynayan dayının kültürel bellekte hala önemli izleri mevcuttur. Söz konusu dayı hukukunun ana soylu toplumdan baba soylu topluma geçişte yaşadığı değişim ve dönüşüm ortaya konulacak, Türk kültürü içindeki izleri takip edilip kalıp ifadeler, anlatılar ve halk uygulamalarıyla açıklanacaktır. Kültürel pek çok unsurda yer alan dayı kelimesinin arka planındaki halk hukuku ortaya konulacaktır.
Yedi Düvelden Yedi Başa Salur Kazan'ın Yedi Başlı Ejderhayı Öldürdüğü Boyda Mime
Authors: İLHAN M.Emir
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Salur Kazan’ın ejderhayı öldürmesinin yer aldığı anlatıya/destana, René Girard’ın mimetik arzu kavramı doğrultusunda yaklaşılmaktır. Aras ve Kars Kalesi’nin alınması ile başlayan anlatma bir av macerasıyla devam etmektedir. Beyleriyle sürek avına çıkan Salur Kazan bir süre sonra tek başına ava çıkmak ister. Tek başına çıktığı avda karanlık bastırana kadar av bulamaz. Ellerini açıp yurduna avsız dönmemek için Allah’a dua eder. Duası kabul olur ve karşısına bir ejderha çıkar. Ejderhayla olan mücadelesi ve mücadele sonundaki kutlamayla hikâye son bulur. Hikâye dua ile karşılaşacağı ejderhayı çağıran Salur Kazan’ın yolculuğu ve macerasının sadece bir destani yiğitleme olarak değerlendirilemeyeceğini göstermektedir. Mimetik çözümlemeden hareketle yaklaşılacak olursa ejderhada mimetikleşmiş olan güç, kudret, liderlik ve düşmana korku salmadır. Salur Kazan’ın mimetik bir arzuyla ejderhada temsil olanlara sahip olma arzusunu taşıdığı başka bir ifadeyle Salur Kazan temsilinde hikâyeyi anlatanların mimetik bir arzu sonucu ejderha ile karşılaşmak ve onu öldürmek istediği iddia edilmiştir. Salur Kazan’ı ejderhayla karşılaştıran sınanma arzusu ve onu öldürmeyi isteyen arzu, ejderha özelinde bir taklitle var olmaktadır. Aslında arzu ejderha olmaktır, ejderhayla ejderhanın sahip olduğu güç, kudret ve hükümranlığa kavuşmaktır. Savaşma üzerinden kurulan bu taklit ilişkisinin uyaranı ve/veya düşmanı ejderha gibi görünür. Ancak iddia edilmiştir ki ejderha Salur Kazan’da veya onun temsilinde söz konusu anlatıyı inşa edenlerin ve aktaranların doğal uyaranı olduğudur.
7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
Authors:   American Diabetes Association
Published: December 2020

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.