bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yiddish Causal-Noncausal Alternation in Areal Perspective
Authors: Luchina Elena
Published: July 2022

Languages differ in the way they code causal-noncausal alternations, in which an event is presented as either having an external causer or happening by itself. Some languages make no distinction between the two situations, while others make a morphosyntactic distinction. Yiddish, a Germanic language, differs from other genealogically close Germanic varieties: Yiddish codes causal-noncausal alternation similarly to the coterritorial Slavic languages with which it was in contact, for instance Polish and Russian. The two tendencies that make Yiddish similar to the Slavic languages in this respect are the rise of anticausative marking (direct calquing) and the development of a causative (preference for overt marking).
TAJA Corpus: Linguistically Tagged Written Algerian Judeo-Arabic Corpus
Authors: Tirosh-Becker Ofra , Becker Oren M.
Published: July 2022

The Tagged Algerian Judeo-Arabic (TAJA) corpus is the first linguistically annotated corpus of any Judeo-Arabic dialect regardless of geography and period. The corpus is a genre-diverse collection of written Modern Algerian Judeo-Arabic texts, encompassing translations of the Bible and of liturgical texts, commentaries and original Judeo-Arabic books and journals. The TAJA corpus was manually annotated with parts-of-speech (POS) tags and detailed morphology tags. The goal of the new corpus is twofold. First, it preserves this endangered Judeo-Arabic language, expanding on previous fieldwork and going beyond the study of individual written texts. The corpus has already enabled us to make strides towards a grammar of written Algerian Judeo-Arabic. Second, this tagged corpus serves as a foundation for the development of Judeo-Arabic-specific Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, which allow automatic POS tagging and morphological annotation of large collections of yet untapped texts in Algerian Judeo-Arabic and other Judeo-Arabic varieties.
Mulberry Trees, Shipwrecks, and Silver: Silk Raising and the Decline of the Ming Dynasty
Authors: Duan Xiaolin
Published: July 2022

During the seventeenth century crisis, China witnessed the decline and fall of the Ming dynasty. Scholars have long discussed the role of silver in the Ming crisis, but less attention has been paid to the effects of the production and circulation of silk. This paper examines both internal and external factors that contributed to the decline of Chinese sericulture and silk production, as well as consequent damages to the economy and social relations. Converging environmental and economic factors within major silk-producing regions, as well as a number of incidents that affected the Pacific trade of silk, exacerbated the problems of the late Ming. This paper applies the Law of Supplies and Demands to analyse interconnections between China, Manila, and New Spain. An understanding of the silk industry is essential to explain significant economic connections both within Ming China and between China and the outside world during the seventeenth century.
Precarious Work and Intermittent Life Trajectories in a Portuguese Gig Economy
Authors: Roque Isabel , Carmo Renato Miguel , de Assis Rodrigo Vieira , Caleiras Jorge
Published: July 2022

Rapid advances in technology brought dramatic changes into the labour market, regarding precarious, flexible and informal work. The gig economy has enabled new forms of labour exploitation, social exclusion, intermittent and vulnerable professional trajectories. Not having fully recovered from the Great Recession, the Portuguese society is crossing a Covid-19 global pandemic which has accelerated the digitalisation and platformisation of work fecting not only the value chains, but the labour market dynamics in a heterogenous way. Between 2019 and 2020, 53 in-depth interviews were conducted with precarious workers in Portugal, comprising a focus on 15 life trajectories from digital platform workers. Through their voices, it was concluded that job insecurity is deeply intertwined with the global supply chain management operated by algorithmic control. Most of platform companies threaten established employment relationships, atomising workers who live in the present time without any future aspirations.
Limiting Multiculturalism Discourse by Legislating Support for Multicultural Families in Korea
Authors: Ryu Yihyun
Published: July 2022

Drawing on the Foucauldian theoretical concepts of governmentality and genealogy as a method for grasping the unconventional reality of multiculturalism discourse in South Korea, this paper aims to go beyond ahistorical accounts of multicultural policy. The article offers an analysis of policy discourses relating to multicultural families in South Korea, and it examines the strategies utilized by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family to maintain and expand its ministerial jurisdiction. Such analyses reveal how policy discourse has shifted away from Korean blood-based ethnicity and the “mixed-blood” category of people in favor of focusing on female marriage migrants and their families. Furthermore, the examination highlights how legislation that supports these families conceptualizes female migrants as apolitical, family-oriented, and maternal beings. This conceptualization is legitimized by the ministerial strategies adopted by “femocrats,” government officials affiliated with the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family.
Historical Antecedents of the Cuban Revolution
Authors: Chaves Germán Rodas
Published: July 2022

The essay delves into the development of the revolutionary process promoted in Cuba from the fifties of the previous century by the July 26 movement and with the leadership of Fidel Castro. The historical contexts that were built in the anti-colonial struggle promoted by the Cuban people and with the active participation of thinkers of the stature of José Martí, among other patriots of the Island who dedicated their vital transit to the decolonizing task by offering their own lives, are detailed. The circumstances that the Spanish metropolis went through are studied when its influence in America was decimated due to the independence processes in the region and due to whose cause – in relation to its possession over Cuba – it allowed the United States of America to launch a strategy to seize several territories of the continent and promote a frank attack against Cuba.
Revolution and Counter-Revolution in the Tripoli Protests in Lebanon
Authors: Osman Khalil Fadl
Published: July 2022

As the “October Revolution” of 2019 spread throughout Lebanon, the northern city of Tripoli soon became a veritable hotbed of protests. Over several weeks, the city saw a string of the largest anti-government protests in the country, thus earning the moniker “Bride of Revolution” (‘Arus al-Thawrah). However, it did not take long for things to begin to fall apart. Tripoli would soon give a picture of a not-so-glorious protest movement, penetrated by a potpourri of scheming elements of the Lebanese kleptocracy and business elites and geopolitical interests. The revolutionary slogans and bonds that connected the city’s sectarian mosaic proved ephemeral. The ontological vibrancy, multiplicity, and heterogeneity of the protest movement gave way to political monotony, sameness, and ideological harmony. This paper provides an explanation of how the revolution coexisted, and often perilously so, with its nemesis – counterrevolution – in the protest movement in Tripoli.
Rosellinia qiongensis sp. nov., R. verticillata sp. nov. and a new record of R. lamprostoma from China
Authors: LONG SIHAN , PI YINHUI , WU YOUPENG , LIU LILI , ZHANG XU , LONG QINGDE , LIN YAN , KANG YINGQIAN , KANG JICHUAN , WIJAYAWARDENE NALIN N. , LI QIRUI
Published: July 2022

Three Rosellinia species were collected from southern China. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, two are introduced as new species while the other is reported as a new record. Rosellinia qiongensis sp. nov. and R. verticillata sp. nov. belong to the R. emergens group. Rosellinia qiongensis differs from its similar species by its dimension of ascospores and three short germ slits on ascospores. Rosellinia verticillata differs from species in this group by its ascospores with whole spore length germ silt and surrounded by a thin slimy sheath. All taxa are made available to illustrations and descriptions.
A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
Authors: DE AZEVEDO FALCÃO MARCUS JOSÉ , MARLAND TORKE BENJAMIN , DE FREITAS MANSANO VIDAL
Published: July 2022

Dicorynia stands out among the 17 genera of the diverse legume subfamily Dialioideae as an example of extreme floral reduction and specialization. It has asymmetric flowers presenting a heteromorphic calyx, trimerous corolla, and pair of highly dimorphic stamens, with one or both anthers polysporangiate. The two species of Dicorynia are Amazonian trees, one of which is highly valued for its timber. Despite the economic importance of the genus and an abundance of new collections, no comprehensive taxonomic study of Dicorynia has been completed since the publication of Koeppen’s monograph almost six decades ago, in which two species were recognized, one of which divided into six varieties. The present work employs integrative analysis of geographical, ecological, and extensive specimen-based morphological data to test previous delimitations of species and varieties. A new classification is adopted in an updated and comprehensive taxonomic revision of Dicorynia. We maintain two morphologically distinct and geographically separated species, D. guianensis and D. paraensis. The former is restricted to portions of the Guiana Shield north of the Amazon basin. At the same time, the latter is broadly distributed in the Amazon basin, but mainly north of the Amazon River. We recognize several taxonomically significant entities within the latter species, which, because they display limited morphological overlap and substantial geographical sympatry, we treat as varieties. However, we reduce the number of varieties from six to four. The taxonomic treatment contains new descriptions and illustrations, distribution maps, including two new areas of occurrence, conservation status assessments for all treated taxa, and identification keys to distinguish them. Nomenclatural, biogeographical, and ecological comments, including two new lectotypifications, are provided.
Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)—insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology
Authors: MISZCZAK SZYMON , SHUKA DONALD , SHUKA LULËZIM , MIGDAŁEK GRZEGORZ , SŁOMKA ANETA
Published: July 2022

Heliosperma includes about 20 taxa which are divided into alpestre, macranthum and pusillum clades based on nuclear and plastid data. Based on microstructural qualitative and quantitative seed characters of H. macranthum, H. alpestre and of nine Balkan species, we found that the species assigned to the pusillum clade are highly variable and differ from H. alpestre and H. pusillum subsp. pusillum. Two low elevation species (H. retzdorffianum and H. nikolicii) were clearly separated from the H. pusillum group, which includes alpine taxa. Newly described characters of the seeds, e.g. two hilum chambers, two rows in crest and black colour could be treated as characteristic for lowland endemics. Microstructural differences in seed character of Heliosperma species seems to be mainly driven by ecological factors resulting from the elevation gradients. Pollen is undifferentiated between species, its viability (stainability) is high, chromosome number is 2n = 26, which differs from the number reported so far (2n = 24).
Limonium ksamilum (Plumbaginaceae), a new species from Albania
Authors: BOGDANOVIĆ SANDRO , SHUKA LULËZIM , GIUSSO DEL GALDO GIANPIETRO , BRULLO SALVATORE
Published: July 2022

Limonium ksamilum, a new species is described and illustrated from southern Albania, where it grows along the calcareous rocky coast near Ksamil. It shows close taxonomical relationships with L. dictyophorum, as well as with L. himariense and L. arcuatum, with which it shares similar ecological requirements. Remarks on its morphological features, distribution, ecology, conservation status and an analytical key for the species of Limonium occurring in Albania are provided.
The Apechoneura nigricornis species-group, one, two or three species?
Authors: HERRERA-FLÓREZ ANDRÉS FABIÁN , ALVARADO MABEL
Published: July 2022

Apechoneura nigriventris is removed from synonymy and re-instated as a valid species and included in the nigricornis species-group. Apechoneura seminigra is considered a new synonymy of A. nigriventris. Apechoneura pictiventris is included in the carinifrons species-group.
The genus Syzeton Blackburn, 1891 (Coleoptera, Aderidae) in the United States of America
Authors: GOMPEL NICOLAS
Published: July 2022

The species of Syzeton Blackburn, 1891 (=Zonantes Casey, 1895, syn. nov.) known from the United States are revised. All species formerly placed under Zonantes Casey, 1895 are transferred to Syzeton Blackburn, 1891: S. ouachitanus (Werner, 1990), comb. nov.; S. fasciatus (Melsheimer, 1846), comb. nov.; S. hubbardi (Casey, 1895), comb. nov.; S. nubifer (LeConte, 1878), comb. nov.; S. ater (LeConte, 1875), comb. nov.; S. pallidus (Werner, 1990), comb. nov.; S. subfasciatus (LeConte, 1875), comb. nov.; S. floridanus (Werner, 1990), comb. nov.; S. signatus (Haldeman, 1848), comb. nov.). Additionally, three new species are described herein: Syzeton gruberi n. sp., Syzeton arizonae n. sp., both from Arizona, and Syzeton belovi n. sp., from Texas, Oklahoma and Florida. Finally, Zonantes mississippiensis Werner, 1990 is considered a junior synonym of Syzeton ouachitanus (Werner, 1990), syn. nov.
Wind-Related Bounce House Incidents in Meteorological, Regulatory, and Outreach Contexts
Authors: Knox John A. , Gill Thomas E. , Williamsberg Castle A. , Smith Jada M. , Boggs Lucas V. , Black Alan W. , Skypek Hope E.
Published: July 2022

Inflatable bounce houses, also known as portable inflatable amusement devices, are safety hazards when they are dragged, blown over, or lofted by winds. We have documented 132 cases of wind-related bounce house incidents worldwide for the years 2000–21 that caused at least 479 injuries and at least 28 deaths. Over three-quarters of these incidents happen in the warm season. A subjective effort to categorize the meteorological conditions leading to these incidents reveals that, of the over 70% of incidents for which a specific meteorological cause could be identified, cold-frontal passages, dust devils, or thunderstorm-related winds are most likely to be occurring at the time of the event. In the United States, regulations regarding bounce house safety vary widely. Seventeen states either have no guidelines or specifically exclude inflatables from regulation. Nineteen U.S. states’ laws or regulations explicitly cite American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, which set limits on the wind speed in which inflatables should be used and, for commercial bounce houses, require the presence of a meteorologically knowledgeable attendant. For events with nearby wind data available, 22% of all incidents occurred with reported wind speeds lower than any ASTM standards, and 51% below the highest ASTM threshold. Increased vigilance is therefore necessary on the part of bounce house providers and consumers to avoid wind-related incidents. We have created a website for public dissemination of this study’s data and safety tips.
An efficient adaptive combined filtering method for pipeline bending strain based on inertial in-line inspection
Authors: Shucong Liu , Hongjun Wang , Li Rui
Published: July 2022

Long-distance high-pressure oil and gas pipelines are threated by various external forces, such as earthquakes, landslides, and other third-party damages. These additional stresses will cause the pipeline to move and bend, which not only causes the pipeline to undergo a large bending strain, but will also causes the pipeline to fail in severe cases. In-line inspection (ILI) based on strapdown inertial navigation technology has become an effective inspection method for long-distance pipelines in recent years. However, the cups or support wheels of the ILI tool encounter the pipe wall, girth or spiral welds, and other features that lead to minor oscillations and vibration during the inspection. The attitude information computed by the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is affected by these noises, and the computation of pipeline bending strain (PBS) is inaccurate. In this paper, an efficient adaptive combined filtering method based on wavelet transform with Savitzky–Golay (S-G) is proposed, which is adaptable to the variation of attitude information for the ILI tool during a long distance and time inspection. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization for PBS. The average relative deviation decreased from 38.3% to 18.3%.
Contextualizing School Engagement During Transition for Students Receiving Special Education and English Learner Services
Authors: Trainor Audrey , Newman Lynn , Romano Lindsay
Published: July 2022

School engagement is an important factor in academic success and social belonging for postsecondary education. Dually identified students receiving special education and English learner services may face obstacles to engagement. We conducted secondary analyses of the National Longitudinal Transition Study from 2012 to provide a description of high school engagement. We then examined engagement through interviews with 26 dually identified students from a large district in the northeastern United States. A contribution of this mixed-methods study is that while national data revealed somewhat limited engagement in extracurricular activities and inconsistent attendance, student interviews reflected self-perceptions of positive engagement. Implications for research and practice include further examining inner-group variation and increasing school–community partnerships for expanded engagement.
High Expectations: How Tourists Cope With Disappointing Vacation Experiences
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Ismail , Oppewal Harmen , Tojib Dewi
Published: July 2022

This study investigates how expectations, locus attribution and disappointment determine coping behaviors when tourists encounter a negative vacation experience. Drawing upon cognitive appraisal theory, it is first hypothesized that individuals with high expectations are more likely to engage in coping behaviors than individuals with low expectations. Disappointment mediates this relationship. Next it is hypothesized that locus attribution of the negative experience moderates these effects. Results from two scenario-based experiments support the hypotheses. Specifically, attribution has a greater effect on disappointment when the provider is the locus instead of the situation. This is particularly so when expectations are low. Greater amounts of confrontative than support-seeking coping result when expectations are high and the provider is the locus. Instead, there is no difference in coping when expectations are low. These findings suggest that tourist services can influence disappointment and related coping behaviors by managing not only tourists’ expectations but also tourists’ attributions.
SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 77,587 healthcare workers: a national observational longitudinal cohort study in Wales, United Kingdom, April to November 2020
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , North Laura , Szakmany Tamas , Pugh Richard , Davies Gwyneth A , Sivakumaran Shanya , Jarvis Rebecca , Rolles Martin , Pickrell W Owen , Akbari Ashley , Davies Gareth , Griffiths Rowena , Lyons Jane , Torabi Fatemeh , Fry Richard , Gravenor Mike B , Lyons Ronan A
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To better understand the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers, leading to recommendations for the prioritisation of personal protective equipment, testing, training and vaccination.

Design

Observational, longitudinal, national cohort study.

Setting

Our cohort were secondary care (hospital-based) healthcare workers employed by NHS Wales (United Kingdom) organisations from 1 April 2020 to 30 November 2020.

Participants

We included 577,756 monthly observations among 77,587 healthcare workers. Using linked anonymised datasets, participants were grouped into 20 staff roles. Additionally, each role was deemed either patient-facing, non-patient-facing or undetermined. This was linked to individual demographic details and dates of positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests.

Main outcome measures

We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to determine odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test.

Results

Patient-facing healthcare workers were at the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with an adjusted OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.28 (95% CI 2.10–2.47). We found that after adjustment, foundation year doctors (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.47–2.27]), healthcare support workers [OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.20–1.54]) and hospital nurses (OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.12–1.44]) were at the highest risk of infection among all staff groups. Younger healthcare workers and those living in more deprived areas were at a higher risk of infection. We also observed that infection rates varied over time and by organisation.

Conclusions

These findings have important policy implications for the prioritisation of vaccination, testing, training and personal protective equipment provision for patient-facing roles and the higher risk staff groups.
Clinical Significance of Recent Inversion of the Nipple: A Reappraisal
Authors: Neville E M , Freeman A H , Adiseshiah M
Published: July 2022

In a retrospective survey of 63 cases of inverted nipple, unaccompanied by a palpable mass, 3 histologically confirmed carcinomas were found on combined clinical and mamographic examination — an incidence of 5%. No carcinoma was found in those patients under 50 years of age. The problem of the false negative mammogram is discussed.
Feeling of a Lump in the Throat: Thoughts of a Radiologist
Authors: Ardran G M
Published: July 2022

Radiological examination of over 300 patients complaining of feeling a lump in the throat and difficulty in swallowing, but in whom there was no visible lump, showed that in most cases there was no significant abnormality above the thoracic inlet. Oesophageal examination revealed no abnormality in one-third; definite gastric reflux with or without hiatus hernia in one-third; and impaired clearance of fluid in the horizontal position in the remainder. Reflux and impaired clearance were either seen spontaneously or were induced after the ingestion of hydrochloric acid of the same pH as gastric juice.
Epidemiological Studies of Radiation Workers: Preliminary Communication
Authors: Schofield G B
Published: July 2022

British Nuclear Fuels Limited has embarked on a study of the mortality data among those of its workforce who were employed prior to 1 January 1976. The study covers a total population of about 41 000 current and ex-employees, but is initially concerned with a radiation worker cohort of 7500 at the Sellafield establishment where the highest radiation doses are received. Tracing of the health status of ex-employees has been undertaken using the services provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) and the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) and it is expected that ultimately the level of trace will be better than 97%. Mortality data not specifically related to radiation workers are included and relate to male deaths among serving staff and pensioners during the years 1962–1978. Those observed deaths (O) are compared on an age standardized basis with those expected (E) from the general population, the ratio O/E being about 1 for all cancers and less than 1 for non-cancer deaths. This pattern is consistent with the well known ‘healthy worker’ effect seen in industry.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Heel Developing at Site of Previous Frostbite
Authors: Rossis C G , Yiacoumettis A M , Elemenoglou J
Published: July 2022

Ten cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the heel previously affected by frostbite are reported. They had a similar natural history, location and histological appearance. All were treated by excision, and follow up over periods of 2–5 years has not revealed metastases.
Effects of different diets on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A literature review
Authors: Al-Adwi Maryam E , Al-Haswsa Zinab M , Alhmmadi Karmen M , Eissa Yasmin A , Hamdan Aya , Bawadi Hiba , Tayyem Reema F
Published: July 2022

Background: Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases, and the incidence is gradually increasing. Diet management could improve the elevated HbA1c levels. Aim: This review aims to examine the effects of different types of diets on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched. Reports published from the years 1991 to 2021 that focused on the effect of different diets on diabetes control were selected. Results: All the studies reported that the type of diet can affect insulin secretion and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The recommended macronutrient distribution for patients with diabetes is 30% of fat, 45–60% of carbohydrates, and 15–35% of protein. Consuming more or less of these macronutrients may lead to changes in glucose metabolism and may affect insulin secretion. In fact, following alow-fat diet improves glycemic control and decreases HbA1c levels. Studies reported that a low-carbohydrate diet had the greatest effect on improving glycemic control and insulin parameters. A low-calorie diet reduced fasting plasma glucose, while a very low-calorie diet resulted in a long-term decrease in HbA1c level. A healthy diet free of processed foods and sugar, and rich in nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals contributed to maintaining controlled blood sugar and lipid plasma levels. Although studies show a low-salt diet improves blood pressure, which is common inT2DM, other findings show that restricting salt intake is associated with increased sugar consumption. Conclusion: Healthy diet with adequate intake of energy and low-fat and low-sugar foods can enhance the glycemic control and reduce T2DM complications.
Purpurin suppresses atopic dermatitis via TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells
Authors: Oh Jae-Hoon , Kim Seung-Ho , Kwon Ok-Kyoung , Kim Jung-Hee , Oh Sei-Ryang , Han Sang-Bae , Park Ji-Won , Ahn Kyung-Seop
Published: July 2022

Objective

We investigated whether purpurin inhibits various pathways of inflammation leading to atopic dermatitis.

Introduction

1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called purpurin, is an anthraquinone that is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye. Purpurin is a highly antioxidative anthraquinone and previous studies have reported antibacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation activities in cells and animals. However, the skin inflammatory inhibition activity mechanism study of purpurin has not been elucidated in vitro.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of purpurin in HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines stimulated with a mixture of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The inhibitory effect of Purpurin on cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) and chemokine (TARC, MDC, and RANTES) was confirmed by ELISA and RT-qPCR. We investigated each signaling pathway and the action of inhibitors through western blots.

Results

The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were dose-dependently suppressed by purpurin treatment in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells from ELISA and real-time PCR. Purpurin also inhibited protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) activation in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. Additionally, there was a synergistic effect when purpurin and inhibitor were applied together, and inflammation was dramatically reduced.

Conclusion

Therefore, these results demonstrate that purpurin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis activity in HaCaT cells.
Optimizing the Lip Aesthetic Ratio Using Surgically Placed Silastic Implants for Lip Augmentation
Authors: Troell Robert J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Lip augmentation can be achieved using dermal fillers, biological tissues (fat, fascia, scar tissue, Alloderm), and a permanent soft silastic implant. Patients choosing the permanent lip implant were evaluated for aesthetic outcome, patient satisfaction, complications, and the use of dermal fillers postoperatively.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective review of lip implant augmentation was performed in a single private practice. Analysis of aesthetic outcomes, adverse effects, methodology to determine optimal lip implant size, surgical technique caveats, and the use of dermal fillers before and after lip implant placement was carried out. Aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were assessed by direct patient questioning and surgeon observation.

Results:

A total of 100 lip implant augmentation patients with 192 implants (92 combined upper and lower lips, 4 upper lip only, 4 lower lip only) were placed by the author between May 2011 and September 2021. From a patient satisfaction standpoint, 97% were happy with the final lip augmentation outcome. There was a complication incidence of 8%, with implant asymmetry the most common. Some patients (7%) underwent dermal fillers, both polymethylmethacrylate to the vermillion border and hyaluronic acid filler to the bulk of the lip to provide additional lip enhancement.

Discussion:

Silastic lip implant satisfies the following factors for lip augmentation: precise, accepted by the host, modifiable, natural feel, readily reversible, and permanency. The author’s quantitative method uses primarily the “golden ratio” (1:1.62) as the most impactful metric of size determination of the upper and lower lip followed by two-third incisor dental show. Most patients (94%) used lip dermal fillers prior to surgery to assess satisfaction with lip augmentation. Our results revealed larger lip implant size placement (4- and 5-mm diameter implants) compared with the largest study published. Lip bulk augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers injected superficial to the implant capsule may be performed safely after permanent lip implant placement to achieve the patients’ desired outcome. It is best to be an advanced filler injector and to use a microcannula for filler placement.

Conclusions:

The soft silastic lip implant procedure is a simple surgical procedure with a high patient satisfaction rate and low complication rate. Knowledge of lip aesthetic mathematical ratios and degree of dental show is imperative. Additional lip enhancement to lip bulk and vermillion border using both temporary and permanent dermal fillers may be performed safely after permanent lip implant placement to achieve the patients’ desired outcome.
Perceptions of Sports and Energy Drinks: Factors Associated with Adolescent Beliefs
Authors: Pfender Emily , Bleakley Amy , Ellithorpe Morgan , Hennessey Michael , Maloney Erin , Jordan Amy , Stevens Robin
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To understand what factors are associated with adolescents’ perceived healthfulness of sports drinks (SD) and of energy drinks (ED), with a focus on health risk, athletics, and media-related variables.

Design

Cross-sectional survey

Setting

Online

Subjects

U.S. adolescents ages 14-18 years (n = 501) recruited from a combination of non-probability and probability-based panels.

Measures

Outcome variables were perceived healthfulness of SDs and of EDs. Independent variables included adolescents’ health background (oral health, diabetes risk, self-reported weight); behaviors (SD and ED consumption, athletic identity, sports participation, physical activity), and media items (media literacy, exposure to advertisements on TV, YouTube, social media).

Results

Regression results indicated that adolescents’ increased perception that SDs are healthy was significantly associated (P<.05 level) with casual sports participation (b=.56, se=.27), athletic identification (b=.28, se= .11), exposure to SD advertisements on social media (b=.55, s =.25), and higher consumption (b=.28, se= .13). For adolescents’ perceptions of EDs, significantly related correlates included athletic identification (b=.26, se=10), having an increased risk of diabetes (b= −.79, s =.26), poorer oral health (b=.33, se=.16), and consumption (b=.76, s =.16); increased media literacy was associated with more accurate perceptions (b=−.35, se=.14).

Conclusions

Adolescents’ hold different perceptions about the healthfulness of sports and energy drink, and their beliefs about each drink are related to different types of factors that may have implications for public health interventions. Cross-sectional survey design and adolescent self-reports are limitations.
Shame Broadcasts Social Norms: The Positive Social Effects of Shame on Norm Acquisition and Normative Behavior
Authors: Schaumberg Rebecca L. , Skowronek Samuel E.
Published: July 2022

How does shame affect social cohesion? Prior work has drawn divergent conclusions to this question because shame can spur maladaptive behaviors for people who experience it. However, past work has overlooked the interindividual effects of shame—how one’s expression of shame affects people who witness it. We investigated these social-learning effects of shame and identified norm transmission as a reliable route by which shame facilitates social cohesion. Across five studies and two supplemental studies with U.S.-based adult participants ( N = 3,726), we manipulated whether someone conveys shame, no specific emotion, or other discrete emotions regarding their behavior. We then assessed the effect of this emotional expression on participants’ norm inferences and norm-conforming behavior. We found that shame broadcasts particularly strong signals about social norms, and people adjust their behavior to align with these norms. We discuss how these findings challenge common conclusions about shame and generate insights about shame’s influence on social life.
Familicide in Canada, 2010 to 2019
Authors: Boyd Ciara , Sutton Danielle , Dawson Myrna , Zecha Angelika , Poon Julie , Straatman Anna-Lee , Jaffe Peter
Published: July 2022

Familicide is rare; however, the high victim counts in each incident and context surrounding these killings underscore the need for further research. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the circumstances surrounding familicide in Canada. Using univariate statistics, this study analyzed 26 incidents of familicide that occurred in Canada between 2010 and 2019. The results show that familicide is a gendered crime involving primarily male accused who often target female victims, have a history of domestic violence, and commit the killings using firearms. This research highlights the importance of developing risk assessment, risk management, and safety planning strategies to address warning signs and prevent future familicides.
Applying an automated method of classifying lip morphological traits
Authors: Davies Kristian James Michael , Richmond Stephen , Medeiros-Mirra Renata Jorge , Abbas Hawraa Hassan , Wilson-Nagrani Caryl Eleri , Davis Megan Gael , Zhurov Alexei
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To apply an automated computerised method to categorise and determine the prevalence of different types of lip traits, and to explore associations between lip traits and sex differences.

Design:

Observational descriptive study utilising an automated method of facial assessment.

Setting and participants:

A total of 4747 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) who each had 3D facial scans carried out at 15 years of age.

Methods:

Each of the participants was automatically categorised regarding predetermined lip morphological traits. Descriptive statistics were applied to report the prevalence of the different types of each trait, and chi-square tests were used to investigate sex differences and associations between traits.

Results:

A total of 4730 individuals were assessed (47% male, 53% female). Eight predetermined lip traits have been reported previously. There were differences in prevalence for all lip traits in male and female patients (all P ⩽ 0.0002), with differences between the sexes described for each trait. For example, a deeply grooved philtrum of average width was more prevalent in boys, and an indentation near the upper vermilion border was more prevalent in girls. Each of the traits was significantly associated with the other traits (all P < 0.0001), with particularly strong associations seen between traits in the same region (e.g. upper lip). Individual associations between traits are reported; for example, a straight lip contour was found to be associated with no true vermilion border in both the upper and lower lip regions.

Conclusion:

The automated computerised method described is an invaluable tool for the categorisation of lip morphological traits. The prevalence of various types of traits has been described. Sexual dimorphism exists for all the lip traits assessed. Generally, each of the traits are associated with all other traits, with individual associations reported.
Study on mechanical and thermal characteristics evolvement rule of bearing over the performance degradation process affected by abrasive particles
Authors: Yun Xianghe , Han Qingkai
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the thermomechanical characteristics of microturbine bearing during the process of bearing performance decay due to abrasive particles are theoretically and experimentally researched, such as contact characteristic, temperature characteristics, and stiffness characteristic, are illustrated. The results is that the evolution law of contact deformation and contact stiffness over the whole life of bearing is the same, whose amplitude is slightly different. The curve shape and amplitude of contact angular between ball and outer/inner ring has the obvious diversity. [Formula: see text] are dominant in heat production of bearing, the temperature of inner ring and contact zone between ball and inner ring is the maximum. The variation curve of bearing dynamic stiffness agrees with that of temperature in general.
Effects of Integration of Social Marketing and Health Belief Model for Preventing Cholangiocarcinoma in High-Risk Areas of Thailand: A Community Intervention Study
Authors: Pungpop Siwaporn , Songserm Nopparat , Raksilp Monthicha , Woradet Somkiattiyos , Suksatan Wanich
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Objective:

To examine the effects of applying social marketing and Health Belief Model (HBM) in preventing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in high-risk areas of Thailand.

Methods:

About 2 randomized high-risk areas of CCA from multiple-stage sampling were assigned as study areas. The 150 participants were allocated to the experimental group, which received a 12-week health education program that applied social marketing and HBM. The comparison group received the usual services. Data were collected by a questionnaire created by the researchers. We employed descriptive, inferential statistics (paired t-test and independent t-test) for normal distribution, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for mean scores differing before the experiment.

Results:

After the experiment, the mean scores of the perceived risk of CCA, perceived severity of CCA, perceived benefits of CCA prevention, perceived barriers to CCA prevention, and correct behaviors of CCA prevention in the experimental group were significantly higher than those before the experiment the .05 level. They were also considerably higher than those of the comparison group at the .05 level.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to integrate social marketing and HBM for CCA prevention. Therefore, formulating policies or measures to prevent disease through public communication will form a model to avoid CCA and create a channel for distributing useful information to the general public.
Downstream Suppliers’ Business Cycle Co-movement in Asian Value Chains
Authors: Sian Siow Hui , Kaliappan Shivee Ranjanee , Ibrahim Saifuzzaman , Naseem N.A.M
Published: July 2022

This study assessed the bilateral business cycle co-movement between the individual downstream suppliers (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and upstream supplier (China and Japan) in Asian value chain. The empirical findings suggest that trade intensity negatively impacted the regional business cycle co-movement, while trade linkage has positive impacts. Moreover, the impact of value chain trade on business cycle co-movement is more apparent in the short run than in the long run.

JEL Classification: F15, F16
Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia
Authors: Nicolis Vittorio F. , Burger N. Francois V. , Botha Anna-Maria
Published: July 2022

Background

Proteins within aphid saliva play a crucial role as the molecular interface between aphids and their host plants. These salivary effectors modulate plant responses to favour aphid feeding and facilitate infestation. The identification of effectors from economically important pest species is central in understanding the molecular events during the aphid-plant interaction. The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Kurdjumov) is one such pest that causes devastating losses to wheat and barley yields worldwide. Despite the severe threat to food security posed by D. noxia, the non-model nature of this pest and its host has hindered progress towards understanding this interaction. In this study, in the absence of a salivary gland transcriptome, whole-body transcriptomics data was mined to generate a candidate effector catalogue for D. noxia.

Results

Mining the transcriptome identified 725 transcripts encoding putatively secreted proteins amongst which were transcripts specific to D. noxia. Six of the seven examined D. noxia putative effectors, termed DnE’s (Diuraphis noxia effectors) exhibited salivary gland-specific expression. A comparative analysis between whole-body D. noxia transcriptome data versus the head and body transcriptomes from three other aphid species allowed us to define a catalogue of transcripts putatively upregulated in D. noxia head tissue. Five of these were selected for RT-qPCR confirmation, and were found to corroborate the differential expression predictions, with a further three confirmed to be highly expressed in D. noxia salivary gland tissue.

Conclusions

Determining a putative effector catalogue for D. noxia from whole-transcriptome data, particularly the identification of salivary-specific sequences potentially unique to D. noxia, provide the basis for future functional characterisation studies to gain further insight into this aphid-plant interaction. Furthermore, due to a lack of publicly available aphid salivary gland transcriptome data, the capacity to use comparative transcriptomics to compile a list of putative effector candidates from whole-body transcriptomics data will further the study of effectors in various aphid species.
Effect of annual hospital admissions of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients on prognosis following cardiac arrest
Authors: Tsuchida Takumi , Ono Kota , Maekawa Kunihiko , Hayamizu Mariko , Hayakawa Mineji
Published: July 2022

Background

Although the prognosis of patients treated at specialized facilities has improved, the relationship between the number of patients treated at hospitals and prognosis is controversial and lacks constancy in those with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to clarify the effect of annual hospital admissions on the prognosis of adult patients with OHCA by analyzing a large cohort.

Methods

The effect of annual hospital admissions on patient prognosis was analyzed retrospectively using data from the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine OHCA registry, a nationwide multihospital prospective database. This study analyzed 3632 of 35,754 patients hospitalized for OHCA of cardiac origin at 86 hospitals. The hospitals were divided into tertiles based on the volume of annual admissions. The effect of hospital volume on prognosis was analyzed using logistic regression analysis with multiple imputation. Furthermore, three subgroup analyses were performed for patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before arrival at the emergency department, patients admitted to critical care medical centers, and patients admitted to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-capable hospitals.

Results

Favorable neurological outcomes 30 days after OHCA for patients overall showed no advantage for medium- and high-volume centers over low-volume centers; Odds ratio (OR) 0.989, (95% Confidence interval [CI] 0.562-1.741), OR 1.504 (95% CI 0.919-2.463), respectively. However, the frequency of favorable neurological outcomes in OHCA patients with ROSC before arrival at the emergency department at high-volume centers was higher than those at low-volume centers (OR 1.955, 95% CI 1.033-3.851).

Conclusion

Hospital volume did not significantly affect the prognosis of adult patients with OHCA. However, transport to a high-volume hospital may improve the neurological prognosis in OHCA patients with ROSC before arrival at the emergency department.
Who would avoid severe adverse events from nasointestinal tube in small bowel obstruction? A matched case–control study
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Jun-rong , Chen Shuai , Hou Ping , Chen Qing-feng , Weng Zong-qi , Shang-guan Xin-chang , Lin Bing-qiang , Chen Xian-qiang
Published: July 2022

Background

Nasointestinal tubes (NITs) have been increasingly used in patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO); However, severe adverse events (SAEs) of NITs might threaten the lives of patients. The indications of NITs need to be identified. This study was designed to explore the indications for the insertion of NITs in patients with SBO and to suggest the optimal strategies for individuals based on the outcomes of SAEs.

Methods

After propensity score matching, 68 pairs were included (Success group and failure group). The occurrence of SAEs and the clinical parameters were compared between the SAE group and the non-SAE group. Independent risk factors were evaluated among the subgroups. A novel scoring system was established to detect the subgroups that would benefit from NITs insertion.

Results

Successful implementation of NITs could avoid hypochloremia (p = 0.010), SAEs (p = 0.001), pneumonia (p = 0.006). SAEs occurred in 13 of 136 (9.6%) patients who accepted NITs insertion treatment. Risk factors for SAEs included tumors (p = 0.002), reduced BMI (p = 0.048), reduced hemoglobin (p = 0.001), abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.015) and elevated white blood cells (p = 0.002). A novel risk scoring system consists of hemoglobin before NITs insertion (95% CI 0.685, 0.893) and bowel obstruction symptoms relieved after NITs insertion (95% CI 0.575, 0.900) had the highest area under curve for predicting the occurrence of SAEs. We divided the risk score system into 3 grades, with the increasing grades, the rates of SAEs surged from 1.3% (1/74) to (6/11) 54.5%.

Conclusion

NITs successfully insertion could avoid SAEs occurrence in SBO conservative treatment. SBO patients without anemia and could be relieved after NITs insertion could be the potential benefit group for this therapy.