bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Repair, H‐2, and Aging in NZB and CBA Mice
Authors: Hall Kathleen Y. , Bergmann Kathy , Walford Roy L.
Published: July 2010

Current evidence suggests that a correlation exists between the capacity to perform excision repair of UV‐induced DNA damage and maximum lifespan in different species. Preliminary evidence has also indicated differences of DNA repair capacities in lymphocytes of several strains of mice congenic at the H‐2 locus. It is known that the H‐2 system influences maximum lifespan potential in mice. In the present studies excision repair of UV‐induced DNA damage, but not gamma‐induced damage, was found to correlate with mean survival in the adult inbred mouse strains NZB and CBA, using PHA stimulated splenic lymphocytes. Furthermore, in (NZB × CBA)F2 hybrid adult progeny the level of DNA repair of UV‐induced damage corresponded to the H‐2 allele (H‐2d/2d from NZB or H‐2k/2k from CBA) inherited from the parental strain. These studies suggest the possibility of a tricornered relationship between the main histocompatibility complex, one form of DNA repair, and lifespan within the species.
Factors controlling the engraftment of transplanted dog bone marrow cells
Authors: VRIESENDORP HUIB M. , KLAPWYK WILLEM M. , HEIDT PETER J. , HOGEWEG BEN , ZURCHER CHRIS , VAN BEKKUM DIRK W.
Published: July 2010

The LD50 of total body irradiation (TBI) for the bone marrow (BM) syndrome and the gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome was determined in dogs as 3.7 Gy, and 8.5 Gy respectively. Five Gy TBI was adequate conditioning for BM cells of littermate donors identical for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The maximum tolerated TBI (about 7.5 Gy) caused more side effects than 5.0 Gy TBI and was insufficient for engraftment of realistic numbers of BM cells of MHC mismatched donors. In autologous and MHC matched transplants, the rate of hemopoietic recovery correlated with the number of BM cells given. Approximately 2 × 107 autologous and 1 × 108 MHC identical BM cells.kg−1 were needed for radiation protection. Platelet recovery was significantly more rapid in allogeneic combinations in comparison to autologous transplants. Low numbers of autologous cryopreserved bone marrow cells were as effective as fresh bone marrow cells in rescuing animals after lethal TBI. Other factors that influence BM cell engraftment were confirmed (prior sensitization of the recipient, donor selection) or identified (purification of BM cells on density gradient and selective gastrointestinal decontamination of the recipient). Consistent engraftment of gradient separated, MHC identical, BM cells was found after conditioning with two fractions of 6.0 Gy TBI, separated by 72 h. One MHC haplotype mismatched marrow did engraft after two TBI fractions of 6.0 Gy. Engraftment no longer occurred with gradient purified bone marrow cells from this type of donor. Late effects of TBI were early greying in all animals, and secondary uterinc inertia in female dogs after 7.5 Gy TBI. Fertility in males or females was not changed by radiation. An increased incidence of pancreas fibrosis was noted in dogs receiving two fractions of 6.0 Gy TBI.
The distribution of HLA haplotypes in families with one untyped parent
Authors: SUAREZ B. K. , RICE J. P.
Published: July 2010

For non‐Mendelian diseases, the distribution of shared haplotypes in multiplex sibships provides a powerful tool to investigate the hypothesis that disease susceptibility genes map in the neighborhood of the HLA complex. Occasionally, ambiguous sibships arise because all offspring inherit an HLA haplotype that is identical in state from an untyped parent. The scoring procedure developed here uses the population frequency of the haplotype as well as the sibship size to estimate the probability that, with respect to the untyped parent, all sibs are identical by descent. The resulting score from an ambiguous sibship can then be combined with scores from unambiguous sibships to form the statistic suggested by Green & Woodrow. It is shown that failure to include this type of ambiguous sibship may result in a significant loss of information.
Frequencies of HLA and Gm immunogenetic markers in Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Pollack M. S. , Safai B. , Myskowski P. L. , Gold J. W. M. , Pandey J. , Dupont B.
Published: July 2010

An outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men has recently been observed in New York and California which differs from the “classic” North American disease with regard to younger age of onset and clinical prognosis. Although the exact mechanism for initiation of either disease is still unknown, a viral mechanism has been suggested in both cases. In order to investigate the possible role of HLA‐as‐sociated variations in genetic susceptibility, 39 patients with histologically documented Kaposi's sarcoma were typed for HLA‐A,B,C antigens. Most of these patients were also typed for HLA‐DR antigens and for Gm allotypes. A significant increase in DR5 occurred in both groups. Decreases in B8 and DR3 and an increase in homozygosity for the Gm haplotype 3;5,13 were also noted. These results suggest that HLA and Gm linked immune response factors may play a role in the induction of both these forms of the disease.

These studies were supported in part by NIH Grants CA‐08748 and CA‐22507. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Joyce Wallace, St. Vincent's Hospital, New York, for referring several of the Kaposi's sarcoma patients for study and to acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Cynthia Galloway and the expert typing and editorial assistance of Seth Horowitz.
Cellular cytotoxicity against canine endothelial cells
Authors: Groenewegen G. , Buurman W. A. , Linden C. J. van der , Jeunhomme G. M. A. A. , Kootstra G.
Published: July 2010

A method is described which permits culture of both arterial and venous canine endothelial cells. Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against cultured endothelial cells has been studied. A 51Cr‐release assay was used to detect CTL generated in MLC. Both arterial and venous endothelial cells are lysed by CTL specifically. Cold target inhibition experiments have been performed to analyse the CTL‐recognized antigens on arterial and venous endothelial cells. Different antigens are recognized by CTL on venous endothelial cells and PHA‐blasts; it is possible that CTL recognize venous endothelial cells through class II antigens or E‐M antigens. Arterial endothelial cells and PHA‐blasts share CTL‐recognized antigens.
Stimulation in primary MLR caused by a PLT defined non‐HLA‐D/DR determinant, EP1
Authors: HOLTER W , MORLING N
Published: July 2010

The influence in primary mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) of a primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) defined non‐HLA‐D/DR determinant, EP1, was investigated. In primary MLR between HLA‐D/DR compatible lymphocytes, the response of the lymphocytes from 14 EP1‐negative HLA‐D/DR heterozygous individuals towards two EP1‐positive homozygous typing cells (HTCs) was on an average approximately 35% higher than the response towards two EP1‐negative HTCs (P < 0.01). The strength of the MLR between lymphocytes from 25 EP1‐negative and 10 EP1‐positive individuals matched for two HLA‐D/DR antigens was investigated. The average responses of EP1‐negative lymphocytes against EP1‐positive lymphocytes were approximately 40% higher than the average responses against EP1‐negative lymphocytes (P < 0.01). These data indicate that the PLT defined determinant EP1 causes stimulation in primary MLR.
HLA‐B8/DR3 in sarcoidosis: Correlation to acute onset disease with arthritis
Authors: HEDFORS EVA , LINDSTRÖM FOLKE
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C and DR typing was performed in 19 patients with sarcoidosis of acute onset. Besides bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement (BHL), ankle joint involvement was found in all and erythema nodosum in seven. HLA‐B8 was present in 13 and HLA‐DR3 in 17 of the 19 patients. The joint manifestations and the erythema nodosum subsided in all within three months. The BHL regressed completely in seventeen patients during a three year observation period. In two patients with an observation period of one year and less than six months, respectively, BHL were still visible.

The strong association between the acute, prognostically beneficial manifestation of sarcoidosis and HLA‐DR3 might partly be related to the presence of circulating immune complexes in acute sarcoidosis as well as to an immunogenetically determined handling of a postulated etiological antigen.
Polymorphism of Qa and Tla loci of the mouse
Authors: TEWARSON SNEH , ZALESKA‐RUTCZYNSKA ZOFIA , FIGUEROA FELIPE , KLEIN JAN
Published: July 2010

Congenic lines carrying H‐2 haplotypes derived from wild mice were typed serologically with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for Tla, Qa‐1, and Qa‐2 antigens. The typing revealed the presence of a minimum of five Tla, four Qa‐1, and three Qa‐2 alleles in the 32 lines. Two new Tla, two new Qa‐1, and one new Qa‐2 alleles could be described. This polymorphism of Tla and Qa loci is lower than that detected at the K and D loci in the same lines. The serological typing for Qa‐2 antigens correlates remarkably well with previously published results of typing with cytolytic T lymphocytes. This correlation supports the identity of loci detected by the two methods.
Non HLA antigenic determinants expressed on activated T and B human lymphocytes
Authors: WOLLMAN E. E. , GUILHERME L. , LEPAGE V. , DAUSSET J.
Published: July 2010

Human antigenic determinants present on activated T and B lymphocytes and not on resting B and T cells defined by serological studies are reported. The reactivity of 13 sera against human PBM activated by various agents was tested using microlymphocytotoxicity technique. Results showed that generally similar reactions are present on B and T blasts whatever the technique of activation (PHA, ConA, PWM, TCGF, EBV and allo activation). Absorption elution studies with 5 sera on 10 alloactivated cells clearly demonstrated their independence from DR determinants. The analysis of results obtained by these 15 sera on blasts from 50 donors showed no correlation with HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, DR and ‐MB antigens, neither can it be HT (Qa‐like) antigens. Furthermore, 5 clusters of sera are reported. The weak correlation coefficients cannot affirm the existence of a system with an allelic distribution although each cell except one out of a panel of 50 individuals carries at most 2 specificities. The segregation of 3 of these specificities within 5 informative families showed no linkage with HLA genes.
Is predisposition to pemphigus vulgaris in Jewish patients mediated by HLA‐Dw10 and DR4?
Authors: AMAR A. , RUBINSTEIN N. , HACHAM‐ZADEH S. , COHEN O. , COHEN T. , BRAUTBAR C.
Published: July 2010

Twenty‐one Israeli Jewish pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients were studied for the HLA‐D lymphocyte defined determinants and the serologically defined antigens of the HLA‐A, B, and DR series. HLA‐D typing revealed that Dw10 is significantly associated with PV: 86% of patients vs 18% of controls carried Dw10, and DR4 was present in 86% of patients as compared to 38% in the controls. The most striking observation was that all Dw10 positive patients were also positive for DR4, and no other patient carried DR4 alone. The relative risk for a Dw10‐DR4 carrier to develop PV was estimated at 31.9, higher than that observed for Dw10 alone (RR 26.7) or DR4 alone (RR 9.6).

Probably HLA‐Dw10 predisposes for pemphigus vulgaris.
HLA haplotype segregation study in multiple case families of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: SINCH S. P. N. , MEHRA N. K. , DINGLEY H. B. , PANDE J. N. , VAIDYA M. C.
Published: July 2010

Twenty‐five multiple case families of pulmonary tuberculosis were HLA typed and the data analysed by the lod score method. There was no evidence of linkage between the susceptibility gene and pulmonary TB, though there were consistently positive female scores. A number of other chromosome 6 genetic markers tested did not reveal any significant deviation in the patient group as cornpared to the controls, except GLO 2‐ 1 which occurred with a significantly decreased frequency in the former.
HLA‐A and ‐B antigens in Japanese patients with congenital hypothyroidism and their parents
Authors: MIYAI K. , FUKUNISHI T. , MIZUTA H. , AMINO N. , NOSE O. , TSURUHARA T.
Published: July 2010

The frequency of HLA‐A and B antigens were studied in 32 Japanese patients with congenital hypthyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis, and in their parents. The incidence of the Aw24 antigen was significantly higher in 27 mothers of patients with ectopic thyroid (91.3%, corrected P < 0.037) and it seemed to be slightly higher in patients (77.7%) than in controls (56.8%). The Aw24 antigen was also found in 4 patients with thyroid hypoplasia and their mothers. No difference was found in the incidences of the antigen in the fathers of patients and in controls. The haplotype frequencies were not significantly different in controls, patients and their parents. These findings suggest that the gene for susceptibility to congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis is closely linked to the gene for the HLA‐A locus of the patients' mothers.
Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia and HLA‐A and B antigens: no association
Authors: DUFOSSE F. , FERRAZ M. E. , GOUDEMAND J. , ROUGET J. P. , DEWAILLY PH. , JAILLARD J.
Published: July 2010

One hundred unrelated patients with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia have been investigated for their HLA‐A and B antigens and compared to 171 normal controls. This study does not support the significant increase of HLA‐B17 and Bw35 previously reported by others.
Anti‐type II collagen antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: WOOLEY P. H. , LUTHRA H. S. , O'DUFFY J. D. , BUNCH T. W. , MOORE S. B. , STUART J. M.
Published: July 2010

Antibodies to native chick and bovine Type II collagen were measured by radio immunoassay, in 83 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 14 normal controls. Anti‐chick Type II collagen and anti‐bovine Type II collagen antibodies were found in 48% and 43% of RA patients, respectively. A strong correlation of antibodies to chick and antibodies to bovine collagen was described, suggesting cross‐reactivity between different collagen species. There was an association between the presence of anti‐native Type II collagen antibody and the expression of HLA‐DR2. It is suggested that the production of anti‐collagen antibody may be under genetic control in RA, but not associated with the major genetic marker of disease susceptibility, HLA‐DR4.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for determination of HLA: gene dose effect
Authors: BISHARA A. , NELKEN D. , BONAVIDA B. , BRAUTBAR C.
Published: July 2010

In a previous publication we demonstrated that polymorphic HLA antigens could be detected on fresh and dried peripheral blood lymphocytes using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with HLA alloantisera (Bishara et al. 1983). In the present study we investigated whether the ELISA technique can be used in determination of gene‐dose effect for antigens of the HLA‐A and B loci. Lymphocytes from HLA‐A1 and HLA‐B14 homozygous individuals are shown to bind significantly more anti‐HLA alloantibodies than their heterozygous siblings for the same HLA antigens. These results indicate that ELISA is a sensitive and reliable technique for the qualitative and quantitative assay of polymorphic HLA determinants.
HLA antigens of insulin‐dependent diabetics
Authors: SHEEHY MICHAEL J. , QUINTIERI FRANCESCA B. , YANG SOO YOUNG , ALOSCO SHARON M. , MATSUI YOSHIKI , YUNIS EDMOND J. , GABBAY KENNETH H.
Published: July 2010

We describe three human proliferating T cell colonies, derived from mixed leukocyte culture with a non‐diabetic individual (DR3+4) as the source of responding cells and an insulin‐dependent diabetic patient (also DR3+4) as the source of stimulating cells. One colony detects HLA‐Dw10 or a closely related antigen, and two detect an antigen that we call BO1 (Boston 1). BO1 is found so far on cells of all persons with DR5, about half of those with DRw6, and a particular subset of those with DR3. Among DR3‐positive subjects, BO1 is positively correlated with HLA‐B18 and BfF1, and negatively correlated with HLA‐B8. These findings suggest that BO1 occurs in linkage disequilibrium with DR5, DRw6, and the haplotype B18, BfF1, DR3, the latter being common in southern Europe and reported previously to be a marker for insulin‐dependent diabetes. In limited testing (21 subjects), BO1 was completely included in the supertypic specificity MT2. BO1 is a Class II HLA antigen, as demonstrated by blocking with monoclonal antibodies, but is distinct from all known antigens of the DR, MB(DC), MT, and SB series. It could be located on the same polypeptide chain as one or more of these antigen groups, however, particularly DR and/or MT.
HLA antigens in selective IgA deficiency: Distribution in healthy donors and patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections
Authors: Hammarstrom L. , Axelsson U. , Bjourkander J. , Hanson L. Å. , Mouller E. , Smith C. I. E.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C and DR typing was performed in healthy IgA deficient donors and in IgA deficient patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. In healthy donors, a strong association with HLA B8 and DR3 was observed. In the patient group however, no statistically significant association with these antigens could be found. In contrast, an increased frequency of HLA B40 was noted.

The preference for HLA B8/DR3 in healthy donors could not be attributed to higher levels of serum immunoglobulins since no major differences in the concentrations of IgM, IgG or the IgG subclasses were seen between the two groups.
HLA DR4 and giant cell arteritis
Authors: Bignon J. D. , Barrier J. , Soulillou J. P. , Martin Ph. , Grolleau J. Y.
Published: July 2010

We reported the data of HLA‐DR frequencies in a new series of 40 unrelated patients suffering from giant cells arteritis (Horton's disease).

As previously reported by us, a large increase of HLA‐DR4 antigen frequency is noted in patients compared with 146 healthy controls. Moreover, gathering together these 40 patients with the 48 other patients of our first published data, increase of the DR4 frequency is largely confirmed with a PC < 0.001.
The effect of pretransplant platelet transfusions on renal allograft survival and sensitization in dogs1
Authors: Errett L. E. , Allen N. , Deierhoi M. H. , Denton T. G. , Wood R. F. M. , Morris P. J.
Published: July 2010

Mongrel dogs were given either whole blood (50 ml) or platelets prepared from 50 ml blood intravenously on three occasions before transplantation of a kidney from a different donor to that of the blood or platelets. All dogs were given azathioprine and prednisolone after transplantation. 60 × 108 platelets were obtained from 50 ml blood and the leucocyte contamination was less than one leucocyte per 105 platelets. The mean survival of kidney allografts in non‐transfused dogs was 11.6 days (10 dogs), in dogs pretreated with whole blood 26.6 days (5 dogs), and in dogs pretreated with platelets 29.2 days (5 dogs). Sensitisation occurred in 3 of 5 dogs given whole blood and in 2 of 5 dogs given platelets.

Thus pretreatment with a relatively pure preparation of platelets will produce prolongation of survival of third party renal allografts in mongrel dogs given azathioprine and prednisolone, comparable to that produced by whole blood. However, sensitisation was produced by the platelet preparation, presumably due to the minimal leucocyte contamination, which might also be responsible for the suppressive effect of this platelet pretreatment protocol.
Heterogeneity of HLA‐DR2: definition of two subtypes by serological and cellular techniques
Authors: Singal D. P. , D'Souza M. , Butler L.
Published: July 2010

We have used the serological and cellular (PLT) techniques to investigate the heterogeneity of HLA‐DR2. The serologic studies demonstrate that DR2 can be subdivided into two specificities based on the patterns of reactivity with the Ninth Workshop serum, 9w555. These two DR2 subtypes were also recognized by cellular assay utilizing PLTs generated between HLA‐DR2, DQ‐identical, DP‐identical or incompatible individuals. The data, therefore, suggest the existence of two alleles of DR2, DR2.1 (long) and DR2.2 (short).
HLA associations in aurothioglucose‐ and D‐penicillamine‐induced haematotoxic reactions in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Speerstra F. , Reekers P. , van de Putte L. B. A. , Vandenbroucke J. P.
Published: July 2010

HLA phenotype frequencies were studied in 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with haematotoxic reactions to aurothioglucose (AuTG) or D‐penicillamine (DP), 65 matched RA controls and 277 healthy controls.

Antigens B8 and DR3 were significantly increased in the toxic RA patient group as compared to both RA controls and healthy controls. These contrasts were strongest in the patients with AuTG‐induced thrombocytopenia or leucopenia: all patients developing either reaction to this drug were B8‐ and/or DR3‐positive (p <0.001), 7 (78%) being positive for both antigens. In the patient group with DP‐induced reactions these antigens were also increased but these differences were not significant. In the latter group the prevalence of antigen DR4 was high, especially in the patient group with DP‐induced thrombocytopenia, all 12 patients with this type of reaction being DR4 positive.

Our data suggest that haematotoxic reactions to AuTG and DP develop primarily (or even exclusively) in genetically predisposed RA patients. Furthermore, the HLA phenotype contributing to an increased risk seems not to be the same for the two anti‐rheumatic drugs studied.
Elevation of platelet associated antibody levels in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura expressing the B8 and/or DR3 allotypes
Authors: Porges A. , Bussel J. , Klmberly R. , Schulman I. , Pollack M. , Pandey J. , Barandun S. , Hilgartner M.
Published: July 2010

The HLA type DR3 was present in 11 of 26 patients with Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), a significantly increased frequency (p < 0.05). Levels of platelet associated immunoglobulin M(PAIgM) were significantly higher in the B8 and/or DR3 positive group of chronic ITP patients than in the B8 DR3 negative patients despite similar clinical outcomes. Other immunologic parameters assessed, including serum immunoglobulin levels, rate of catabolism of transfused IgG, and antibody coated autologous red cell clearances were similar for both groups. These results suggest that there is an immunobiologic abnormality associated with the B8 DR3 allotypes which may result in a predisposition not only to chronic ITP, but also to a significant increase in PAIgM. These results are in accord with studies linking autoantibody with B8 DR3.
Gm haplotype sharing by siblings with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sanders P. A. , Grennan D. M. , Delange G. G. , van Eede P. , van Leeuwen A. M.
Published: July 2010

Gm haplotype sharing by 9 sibling pairs with rheumatoid arthritis was random. This suggests that the model of a single, uncommon, susceptibility gene linked to Gm which predisposes to RA is unlikely.
A monoclonal antibody (GF 22.1) detecting different patterns of HLA class I cross‐reactivities at different dilutions
Authors: Sensi A. , Baricordi O. R. , Melchiorri Loredana , Balboni Alessandra , Pletschette M. , Grappa Maria Teresa , Mattiuz P. L.
Published: July 2010

A murine cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (GF 22.1) was produced by Balb/c immunization with GRA human lymphoblastoid cells.

HLA‐A, B and C blanketing and SDS‐PAGE analysis of the immunoprecipitate demonstrated MHC class I structures as the targets.

Cytotoxic assays were performed with peripheral blood lymphocytes from 84 unrelated donors and from members of 15 families at different antibody dilutions. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher test on each dilution separately and by Mann‐Whitney U test on the dilutions taken all together.

The data suggest the detection of a cross‐reacting group (B15, A32, B17. B40/w41 and B21) with high affinity and the inclusion of other antigens (B12, B35, A2, B13, All and A24) with a lower affinity.
Immunoglobulins in healthy controls: HLA‐B8 and sex differences Me HI rat wit ryl; riei ser
Authors: Cryan' Eilis M. , Stevens Fiona M. , Skehill Rena , Bourke Mary , Grimes Helen , Mccarthy Ciaran F.
Published: July 2010

Serum immunoglobulins were measured in one hundred and eighty‐four healthy controls. One hundred and fifty‐nine of these were also HLA typed. IgG levels did not differ with sex or HLA‐B8 status. IgM levels did not differ with HLA‐B8 status but were significantly higher in females than males. IgA levels were lower in females than males; they were also lower in HLA‐B8 positive compared with HLA‐B8 negative individuals; the lowest IgA levels were found in HLA‐B8 positive females. The IgA variation may be relevant to the higher incidence of certain disorders among HLA‐B8 positive individuals and among females.
Identification of two subtypes of HLA‐DR2 by Southern blot analysis
Authors: Singal D. P. , Butler L. , Lamontagne L.
Published: July 2010

We studied the polymorphism of HLA‐DR2 by Southern blot analysis. Genomic DNA from 12 DR2 positive unrelated individuals was digested separately with five restriction endonucleases, Bam HI, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hind III and Pvu II. Hybridizing restriction fragments were visualized using radiolabeled β‐chain cDNA probes homologous to the DR and DQ subregions of the HLA. The results in the present study demonstrate that the two subtypes of DR2, DR2.1 and DR2.2, as defined by serological and cellular (PLT) techniques can be identified by Southern blot analysis. These two subtypes were identifiable after cleaving genomic DNA with Bam HI and EcoRV. DR2.1 correlated with restriction endonuclease fragments at 2.8 kb (DRβ) and 6.6 kb (DQβ) after Bam HI digest, while DR2.2 correlated with a 2.9 kb (DRβ) and a 2.6 kb (DQβ) restriction fragment after Eco RV digest. In addition, inheritance of the restriction fragment lengths defining DR2.1 and DR2.2 were observed in two families. In contrast, no differences between DR2.1 and DR2.2 were observed with the restriction enzymes Eco RI, Hind III and Pvu II.
DNATYPE ‐ a personal computer program for HLA‐DR typing based upon restriction fragment length polymorphisms
Authors: D'Amaro J. , Tilanus M. , Schipper R. , de Klerk D. , Giphart M.
Published: July 2010

The use of specific cDNA probes and selected combinations of restriction endonu‐cleases makes it possible to characterize specific antigens by the molecular weights of the hybridized restriction enzyme digests of DNA. We have developed a simple program suitable for personal computers which utilizes such results to deduce HLA‐DR phenotypes of any nucleated cell from which DNA may be extracted.
The HLA‐DP polymorphism in Denmark investigated by local and international PLT reagents
Authors: ØDum Niels , Hartzman Robert , Jakobsen Bodil K. , Morling Niels , Platz Per , Robbins Fu‐Meei , Ryder Lars P. , Svejgaard Arne
Published: July 2010

Lymphocytes from highly selected donors were primed for 10 days and subsequently bulk‐expanded in IL 2 (TCGF) containing cultures. Two well‐discriminatory PLT (CDP = Copenhagen DP) reagents against each of the DPw1‐w6 specificities and one against each of the two “new” specificities, CDP4s and CDPHEI, were selected for further studies. Three combinations made in two recombinant families and four of ten HLA‐A, B, and DR compatible combinations discriminated well in contrast to seven of 46 DR compatible, but HLA‐A or B incompatible combinations. All reagents gave highly reproducible results, and high correlations (r‐values between 0.73–1.00) for DP assignments were obtained with CDP and GNN reagents. No triplets were found for the DPw1 ‐ w6 and CDP HEI specificities. The “new” specificity CDP HEI defined in an HLA‐DR/GLO recombinant family gave a coefficient of correlation with GNN 8 of 0.91. Another “new” specificity, CDP4s constitutes a subgroup (“split”) of DPw4. The gene frequencies of DPw1 ‐ w6 estimated in 102 unrelated randomly selected Danes agreed with those reported for other Caucasoid populations. The gene frequencies CDP HEI and CDP4s were 0.03 and 0.08, respectively. The associations between DR3‐DPw1, DR2‐DPw4, and DRw6‐DPw2 were confirmed. It is concluded that DP‐typing with bulk‐expanded reagents is a reliable and so far the only technique which can reveal the polymorphism of the DP gene products.
A human monoclonal antibody to an HLA‐DRw53 (MT3)‐like epitope on class II antigens
Authors: Kosinski Slawomir , Hämmerling Ulrich , Yang Soo Young
Published: July 2010

We report the production of a lymphoblastoid human B cell line, which secretes monoclonal antibody with HLA‐DRw53‐like specificity. The immune lymphocytes were obtained from a patient who had been undergoing immunotherapy at Memorial Hospital with allogeneic cultured melanoma cells. The antibody producing cell line was established by transformation of immune B cells with Epstein‐Barr virus and stabilized by serial selection of antibody‐positive cell clusters. The cell line (R39.14) has been producing a cytotoxic antibody of IgM, kappa type during nearly two years of continuous culture. The specificity pattern was determined on a panel of HLA‐DR‐typed lymphoblastoid cell lines, and resembled the HLA‐DRw53 specificity closely. In studies of informative families the R39.14 specificity segregated with DRw53‐bearing haplotypes, which included DR‐4, 7 and DRw9 antigens. The R39.14 specificity was found to be expressed in similar quantities on all antibody positive homozygous cell lines tested. Blocking experiments with monoclonal class II specific antibodies revealed R39.14 to reside on a DR molecule in close association with the determinant detected by the 109d6 mouse monoclonal antibody.
HLA antigens in 88 cases of rheumatic fever observed in Martinique
Authors: Monplaisir Nicole , Valette Ignez , Bach Jean‐François
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C and DR antigens were studied in 88 patients from Martinique. A modest but significant reduction of B14 and Bw42 antigens was noted as well as an increase in B35 (p < 0.05) and DR1 antigens (corrected p < 0.05), two antigens known to be in linkage disequilibrium. These data, which corroborate a previous study for B35, suggest that the unusual antistreptococcal response mounted by rheumatic fever patients is under HLA control.
In vitro production of anti‐HLA‐DR antibodies by human B‐cell lines
Authors: Hancock R. J. T. , Martin A. , Stinchcombe V. , Jones T. J. , Smythe J. , Laundy G. J. , Bradley B. A.
Published: July 2010

Human B‐cell lines secreting antibodies which react preferentially with the HLA Class II antigen DR5 have been produced. Supernatants from these cell lines reacted with lymphocytes from all DR5 positive donors and a minority of DR6 positive donors but were negative on lymphocytes of other phenotypes. The cytotoxic activities of the supernatants apparently depend on IgM antibody. These results demonstrate the potential of B‐cell lines for the in vitro production of antibodies to HLA‐DR antigens.
A monoclonal antibody (1B7) specific for polymorphic determinant on mouse I‐A antigens recognizes monomorphic epitope shared by most of RT‐1 haplotypes in rats
Authors: Iwabuchi K. , Ishikawa N. , Mizuno K. , Kojima H. , Natori T. , Ogasawara K. , Ogasawara M. , Fujita M. , Onoé K.
Published: July 2010

A monoclonal antibody, 1B7, which was established by immunizing C57BL/10 mice with splenocytes from B10.BR, was investigated by serological, immunochemical and functional analyses in mouse, rat, guinea pig and human systems. 1B7 recognized a polymorphic determinant on class II antigens in the mouse system. In the rat system, however, this antibody appeared to recognize a monomorphic epitope shared by all RT‐1 haplotypes. 1B7 showed no reactivity in the human and guinea pig strains tested.
The resolution of platelet serologic problems using Western blotting
Authors: Herman Jay H. , Kickler Thomas S. , Ness Paul M.
Published: July 2010

Serologic identification of anti‐PLAI and other platelet specific antibodies is difficult because other platelet reactive antibodies (e.g. anti‐HLA) are commonly found in the samples. We have developed and evaluated a method using Western blotting to identify platelet specific antibodies. Since anti‐PLAI is the most frequently encountered antibody, we used this antibody to validate the method. The PLAI antigen was found on a 95,000 Dalton protein, confirmed as glycoprotein IIIa by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. The usefulness of Western blotting in resolving difficult platelet serologic problems was compared to a radiolabeled antiglobulin test using intact platelets. Our results showed that all sera with anti‐PLAI identified by serology were confirmed by Western blotting. In addition, one anti‐PLAI was detectable only by the proposed method. Western blotting was also as useful as a serologic method to PLAI type platelets. HLA antibodies were not demonstrable by this technique. In summary, Western blotting is a highly specific and sensitive way of identifying anti‐PLAI in a variety of clinical situations. This approach may be used to identify antibodies to other platelet specific antigens and to standardize platelet antigen typing sera.
HLA and acute arthritis following human parvovirus infection
Authors: Klouda P. T. , Corbin S. A. , Bradley B. A. , Cohen B. J. , Woolf A. D.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐DR4 frequency was raised in patients with persistent acute arthritis following human parvovirus infection, suggesting that DR4 positive individuals are more susceptible to develop joint complications following human parvovirus infection.
Recognition of polymorphic monocyte antigens
Authors: Jager M. J. , Paul C. , Persijn G. G. , VAN Leeuwen A. , VAN Rood J. J.
Published: July 2010

Sera from multiparous women and renal transplant recipients were screened for the presence of anti‐monocyte antibodies. Reactions caused by anti‐HLA antibodies were excluded by using panel cells that were HLA‐compatible with the antibody producers.

Six sera with monocyte‐specific antibodies were identified, and at least two monocyte‐specific (probably allelic) antigens could be recognized.

The perspective of the clinical significance of typing for monocyte‐specific antigens is discussed.
Polymorphisms within the HLA‐DR4 haplotypes
Authors: Bontrop R. E. , Th. Schreuder G. M. , Mikulski E. M. A. , VAN Miltenburg R. T. , Giphart M. J.
Published: July 2010

Polymorphisms among HLA class II molecules expressed by cells with different HLA‐DR4 haplotypes were analysed biochemically (isoelectrofocussing and 2D gels), cellularly (HLA‐Dw) and serologically (monoclonal antibodies). The results confirm the correlation which exists between HLA‐D specificity and DR beta chain isoelectric point polymorphism.

Furthermore, a biochemical polymorphism was observed among DQw3 molecules. No correlation was found with HLA‐Dw types. On the other hand a correlation was found between DQ‐polymorphism and TA10 and 2B3 specificities defined by monoclonal antibodies. The comparison of different methods defining polymorphisms of HLA class II molecules will be discussed.
Absence of HLA class I and class II antigens as well as ß2‐microglobulin from normal and pathological human spermatozoa
Authors: Kuhlmann Dorothee , Dohr Gottfried , Pusch Hans H. , Scherbaum Werner , Schieferstein Georg , Uchańaska‐Ziegler Barbara , Ziegler Andreas
Published: July 2010

Human spermatozoa from 87 donors with normal or pathologic semen specimen were examined for the expression of HLA‐class I and class II antigens as well as ß2‐microglobulin (ß2m)using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescence test. The results make it very unlikely that HLA‐class I and class II molecules as well as ß2m are expressed on human sperm cells.
Serology for automated cytotoxicity testing, II. Routine reading of HLA‐typing using the Contrast Fluorescence Test
Authors: Rubinstein P. , Walker M. E. , Swope E. , Rothman W. , Calahan T. , Siegel J. , Genzer M.
Published: July 2010

We have previously reported on the “Contrast Fluorescence Test” (CFT), a method for the fluorimetric of living vs dead lymphocytes and have proposed its use in automated HLA typing.

In this report, we present data obtained with the CFT in the evaluation of an automated system built around the Zonax instrument (Zeiss America, Inc.). 13,664 individual CFT results were read by the machine and compared with manual readings; assignment of HLA specificity was done independently but using the same logic by hand and by machine. Excellent correlation of the instrumented and manual serological readings and identical antigen assignments were observed.
Genetic investigations in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Larsen Finn Schultz , Grunnet Niels
Published: July 2010

In a population based study of 68 individuals with atopic dermatitis and 94 control individuals it was not possible to demonstrate any significant associations between the disease and gene frequencies of HLA‐ABC, ABO, MN, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Hp, Gc, Gm, Km/Inv, PGM, AcP, GPT, EsD, GLO, AK, PGD, ADA, and GALT/Gt.
HLA typing in heavily transfused haemophiliacs with or without antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Authors: Cornu F. , Raffoux C. , Maisonneuve P. , Bardin J. M. , Sultan Y. , Colombani J.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, DR antigens were determined in 46 patients, heavily transfused with blood products. Patients were 44 haemophiliacs, one case of afibrinogenemia and one case of von Willebrand's disease. Thirty‐three patients had HIV antibodies. No significant difference for HLA antigen frequencies was observed in haemophiliacs with or without HIV antibodies, nor between haemophiliacs and a control population.
Histocompatibility studies in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Kilpatrick D. C. , Liston W. A. , Jazwinska E. C. , Smart G. E.
Published: July 2010

Full HLA‐A. B and DR types were obtained for 22 families (mothers, fathers and neonates) associated with severe (proteinuric)pre‐eclampsia, 21 families associated with mild pre‐eclampsia, and 132 families associated with normal pregnancies. There was an increased frequency of DR4 (relative risk 3.6: p < 0.003, uncorrected) in both neonates and mothers of the severe pre‐eclampsia families when compared to the normotensive controls. There were no significant differences between either pre‐eclampsia group and controls in HLA antigen homozygosity. HLA antigen shanng or in lymphocytotoxin production.
MHC class II restricted self‐recognition after allostimulation: clonal analysis
Authors: Martin A. , Eiermann T. H. , Tricas L. , Goldmann S. F.
Published: July 2010

After allostimulation in vitro using a combination of HLA‐A, B, C, DR, DQ, D identical but HLA‐DP different homozygous typing cells, 34 T cell clones were derived. Thirty‐one of them were alloreactive clones, but three clones were found to be autoreactive. One of these autoreactive clones was further expanded. In order to characterize in more detail the determinant restricting the autologous response, a panel of HLA‐typed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or Epstein‐Barr virus lymphoblastoid cell lines (EVB‐LCL) was typed. A good correlation of typing responses with the self haplotype HLA‐A1, B8, Cw7, DR3, DRw52, DQw2 was found. Typing responses also segregated together with this haplotype in informative families.

Blocking studies using MHC class I and II specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) linked the restricting determinant to MHC class II molecules. The clone which was both autoproliferative and autocytotoxic bore the CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(‐), Ia(+) phenotype. Antibiotics or foreign plasma proteins were ruled out as restricted determinants.
HLA and C4 in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Harada F. , Onisawa S. , Suzuki K. , Matsumoto H. , Sasazuki T.
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of HLA‐A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens were studied in 63 Japanese patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The results could not confirm the statistical association between SSPE and HLA antigens. In addition, the allele frequencies of complement components C4, C2 and BF were determined in the 20 haplotypes with 10 unrelated SSPE patients. A significant association of C4A*QO with SSPE in Caucasians was not found in Japanese.
Characterization and quantification of solubilised HLA‐DR antigens from circulating human monocytes using an immunoblotting procedure
Authors: Hassan J. , Feighery C. , Bresnihan B. , Whelan A.
Published: July 2010

An immunoblotting technique was modified to detect and biochemically characterize HLA‐DR antigens expressed on circulating human monocytes. Membrane proteins of peripheral blood monocytes were solubilised using the mildly anionic detergent, sodium deoxycholate. These solubilised proteins were resolved by SDS‐PAGE and transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose. The HLA‐DR antigen was detected using a polyclonal antiserum and two monoclonal anti‐HLA‐DR antibodies. Both immunoperoxidase and 125I autoradiography techniques were used for visualisation of the antigen. The resolution of HLA‐DR reactive material was increased when proteins were renatured with 4M urea after blotting. Immunoprobing of a sample of solubilized membrane proteins showed three bands of HLA‐DR antigenic reactivity at molecular weights 65kDa, 55kDa and 46kDa. After storage at –70°C for 2 months, only the 46kDa HLA‐DR antigen band was detectable. Nonetheless, the 2‐chain HLA‐DR molecule was found to be an extremely stable complex which could not be dissociated by boiling in sample buffer containing 5% 2‐mercaptoethanol and 2% SDS. A stronger reducing agent, 25 mM dithiotreitol, was required to split the HLA‐DR molecule into its alpha and beta subunit chains. Finally, in a study of circulating monocytes from normal subjects, the immunoblotting technique was shown to quantitate solubilised HLA‐DR antigen in a reproducible manner.
Über das Vorkommen von Hefen im Magen‐Darm‐Trakt unter besonderer Berücksiditigung quantitativer Unterschiede
Authors: OTT E.
Published: July 2010

Bei einer auswahllosen Reihe von 300 aufeinanderfolgenden stationären Hautklinik‐Patienten wurden der Zungenabstrich und eine Stuhlprobe kulturell auf das Vorliegen von Hefen (beim Stuhl auch auf Geotrichum candidum) untersucht. Dabei werden die kulturellen Befunde nach vereinzeltem Hefewachstum (bis höchstens 10 Kolonien in 2 Röhrchen), nach zahlreichen Kolonien (mehr als 10 Kolonien in 2 Röhrchen) und massivem Hefewachstum aufgeschlüsselt. Dabei ergibt sich im Zungenabstrich in 33,67%, im Stuhl 25,9% der Fälle ein positiver Befund. Es wird dargelegt, daß bei diesen relativ hohen Anzahlen positiver Befunde meistens nur ein sehr spärliches Hefewachstum vorliegt; daß die Zahlen wesentlich kleiner werden, wenn man ausschließlich das Angehen zahlreicher Hefekolonien berücksichtigt. Es wird angeregt, ähnliche Unterstuchungen mit Aufschlüsselung der Koloniendichte an anderen Stellen und an verschiedenem Klientel anzustellen. Bei Uberschau über ein größeres Zahlenmaterial mit ähnlicher Aufschlüsselung dürften informationsreichere Einblicke in die Frage der Pathogenität der Candidaarten gewonnen werden können als mit bisherigen Statistiken, die nur zwischen positivem und negativem Kulturergebnis unterschieden.
Mykosediagnostik imtierärztlichen Praxislabor
Authors: ARNDT J.
Published: July 2010

Auf Grund eigener Erfahrungen wird empfohlen, auch in der tierärztlichen Praxis einfache mykologische Untersuchungen durchzuführen. Neben der Wood lichtuntersuchung sind dies das Nativpraparat in Kalilauge und die Pilzkultur auf Kimmig– Agar.
Zur Behandlung des michinfizierten Lefzenekzems bei Hunden mit Laryngomedin–Spray
Authors: KUTTNER J.
Published: July 2010

26 Hunde mit mykotisch oder bakteriell infiziertem Lefzenekzem wurden mit dem neuartigen Laryngomedin–Spray behandelt. Die Ergebnisse waren auffallend gut. 23 Fälle heilten innerhalb einer Woche, die restlichen 3 Fälle nur wenig später. Als Gründe sind zu nennen: 1. die stark entzündungshemmende und keimwidrige Wirkung, insbesondere auch auf hefeartige Pilze; 2. die schmerzund juckreizstillende Wirkung; 3. Tröpfchengröße und Eindringungsvermögen; 4. die sirupartige Konsistenz, die das Haftvermögen erhöht; 5. die äußerst günstige Applikationsform als Spray.

Der Laryngomedin–Spray stellt eine echte Bereicherung des veterinär–medizinischen Arzneiscatzes dar.
Der Ursprung der autochthonen menschlichen Trichophytien landwirtschaftlicher Natur
Authors: SZATHMÁRY S.
Published: July 2010

Der Verfasser hat in diesem Teil die dritte Gruppe der Ansteckungsquellen der autochthonen humanen Triehophytien der Landwirtschaft, d. h. die Grasarten, Unkxautarten, die auf der Erde befindlichen Pflanzenreste sowie die Rolle des Erdbodens als Infektionsquelle erörtert.

Er erbringt dabei den Nachweis, daß sowohl der Kaufmann–Wolf'sche Pilz als auch das T. gypseum var. aster. an sterilisierten Pffanzenstoffen wohl gedeihen können. Die zum Genus Ctenomyces gehorenden Spezies kommen in der freien Natur an Pflanzenstoffen und –resten vielfach vor, und durch ihre Ektothrix–
Pflanzlicher Ursprung der Trichophytien I. Teil
Authors: Szathmáry S. , Clemens B.
Published: July 2010

Aufgrund der 30jährigen Beobaditungen, Untersuchungen und Studien von Szathmáry gelangen die Autoren zu der Überzeugung, daβ der effektive (physiologisdie) Aufenthalts‐ort von Dermatophyten nicht der Boden, sondern das Pflanzenmaterial, sogar wahrschein‐lich die lebende Vegetation ist. Im Boden können viele Dermatophyten leben, dodi die Schäden sind sehr bedeutend. Dies weist darauf hin, daβ wir den effektiven Aufenthaltsort von Dermatophyten in der freien Natur nicht dort, sondern in der Organsphäre des Bodens, oder noch mehr an der lebenden Vegetation suchen miissen. Die diesbezüglichen Untersudiungen scheinen diese Anschauung zu bestätigen, doch genügen sie nicht, urn einer sehr umfangreichen, verzweigten und äuβerst wichtigen Lehre als endgültige Grund‐lage zu dienen. Sie sind jedoch unbedingt ausreichend, um eine Basis weiterer Untersuchungen zu bilden.
Mykologischer Bildbericht: Klassische Fälle erfolgreicher Griseofulvinbehandlung
Authors: Immel L. , Schmidt P.
Published: July 2010

3 Patienten mit oberflächlichen Trichophytien durch Trichophyton verrucosum. In 2 Fällen war die Infektion durch Kontakt mit kranken Kühen zustande gekommen; ein 10 Monate altes Mädchen wurde durch den Großvater, der an einer oberflächlichen Trichophytie litt, infiziert. Unter lokalen Behandlungsmaßnahmen breitete sich die Trichophytie weiter aus. Erst durch Einsatz von Griseofulvin kam es in alien 3 Fällen zu einer raschen Besserung; die vollständige Abheilung war nach insgesamt 6 Wochen erzielt. Bereits 3 Wochen nach Einleitung der Griseofulvinbehandlung waren die Kulturen steril. Der Verlauf rechtfertigt die Einreihung der oberflächlichen Trichophytie durch Trichophyton verrucosum in die Gruppe der absoluten Griseofulvinindikation.