bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Priority areas for investment in more sustainable and climate-resilient livestock systems
Authors: Bonilla-Cedrez Camila , Steward Peter , Rosenstock Todd S. , Thornton Philip , Arango Jacobo , Kropff Martin , Ramirez-Villegas Julian
Published: June 2023

Livestock production supports economic growth, jobs and nutrition, but contributes to and is vulnerable to climate change. A transition is thus needed for livestock systems to become more sustainable and climate resilient, with clear positive effects on the Sustainable Development Goals. It is unclear, however, where the global community should invest to support this change. We identified priority geographies for livestock system investments in 132 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), at mid- and low latitudes. Our results show that adaptation and mitigation goals are inextricably linked for the vast majority of these countries. An equal weighting of adaptation and mitigation indicators suggests that the top five investment priorities are India, Brazil, China, Pakistan and Sudan. Across LMICs, these act as critical control points for the livestock sector’s interactions with the climate system, land and livelihoods.
Reconciliation of energy use disparities in brick production in India
Authors: Tibrewal Kushal , Venkataraman Chandra , Phuleria Harish , Joshi Veena , Maithel Sameer , Damle Anand , Gupta Anurag , Lokhande Pradnya , Rabha Shahadev , Saikia Binoy K. , Roy Sayantee , Habib Gazala , Rathi Shubham , Goel Anubha , Ahlawat Sakshi , Mandal Tuhin Kumar , Azharuddin Hashmi M. , Qureshi Asif , Dhandapani Abisheg , Iqbal Jawed , Devaliya Sandeep , Raman Ramya Sunder , Lian Yang , Pandithurai Govindan , Kuppili Sudheer Kumar , Shiva Nagendra M. , Mukherjee Sauryadeep , Chatterjee Abhijit , Najar Tanveer Ahmad , Jehangir Arshid , Singh Jitender , Sinha Baerbel
Published: June 2023

Energy conservation in brick production is crucial to achieving net-zero carbon emissions from the building sector, especially in countries with major expansions in the built environment. However, widely disparate energy consumption estimates impede benchmarking its importance relative to the steel and cement industries. Here we modelled Indian brick production and its regional energy consumption by combining a nationwide questionnaire survey on feedstock, process variables and practices with remote sensing data on kiln enumeration. We found a large underreporting in current official estimates of energy consumption, with actual energy consumption comparable to that in the steel and cement industries in the country. With a total estimated production of 233 ± 15 billion bricks per year, the brick industry consumes 990 ± 125 PJ yr−1 of energy, 35 ± 6 Mt yr−1 coal and 25 ± 6 Mt yr−1 biomass. The main drivers of energy consumption for brick production are the kiln technology, the production capacity and the fuel mix used. The results suggest that improving operating practices would be a first step in making brick production more energy efficient.
GABA decrease is associated with degraded neural specificity in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients
Authors: Bang Ji Won , Parra Carlos , Yu Kevin , Wollstein Gadi , Schuman Joel S. , Chan Kevin C.
Published: June 2023

Glaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disease of the visual system, affecting both the eye and the brain. Yet its underlying metabolic mechanisms and neurobehavioral relevance remain largely unclear. Here, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients, as well as neural specificity, which is shaped by GABA and glutamate signals and underlies efficient sensory and cognitive functions. Our study shows that among the older adults, both GABA and glutamate levels decrease with increasing glaucoma severity regardless of age. Further, our study shows that the reduction of GABA but not glutamate predicts the neural specificity. This association is independent of the impairments on the retina structure, age, and the gray matter volume of the visual cortex. Our results suggest that glaucoma-specific decline of GABA undermines neural specificity in the visual cortex and that targeting GABA could improve the neural specificity in glaucoma.
Photoinduced photon avalanche turns white objects into bright blackbodies
Authors: Li Daguang , Cui Hao , Qin Guanshi , Qin Weiping
Published: June 2023

An ideal blackbody absorbs all light impinging on it, and it radiates electromagnetic waves with a broad spectrum that depends only on the temperature. Conversely, a white object is characterized by a finite reflectance to visible light, hence being the opposite of a blackbody. Challenging this concept, here we find that various substances exhibit strong optical absorption capabilities like blackbodies when exposed to intense light, despite appearing pure white in the sunlight. We name this phenomenon photoinduced blackbody effect. Under near infrared light, the photoinduced blackbody effect is accompanied by photon avalanche optical frequency conversion and optical bistable luminescence. Namely, the energy states and absorption properties of the samples are modified under strong laser irradiation. The modified absorption transitions cause the switch of the sample from a quasi-whitebody into a quasi-blackbody via an avalanche mechanism. At the same time, the sample emits a broadband electromagnetic radiation, becoming a bright blackbody.
The VE-cadherin/AmotL2 mechanosensory pathway suppresses aortic inflammation and the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yumeng , Hutterer Evelyn , Hultin Sara , Bergman Otto , Kolbeinsdottir Solrun , Jin Hong , Forteza Maria J. , Ketelhuth Daniel F. J. , Roy Joy , Hedin Ulf , Enge Martin , Matic Ljubica , Eriksson Per , Holmgren Lars
Published: June 2023

Endothelial cells respond to mechanical forces exerted by blood flow. Endothelial cell–cell junctions and the sites of endothelial adhesion to the matrix sense and transmit mechanical forces to the cellular cytoskeleton. Here we show that the scaffold protein AmotL2 connects junctional VE-cadherin and actin filaments to the nuclear lamina. AmotL2 is essential for the formation of radial actin filaments and the alignment of endothelial cells, and, in its absence, nuclear integrity and positioning are altered. Molecular analysis demonstrated that VE-cadherin binds to AmotL2 and actin, resulting in a cascade that transmits extracellular mechanical signals to the nuclear membrane. Furthermore, the endothelial deficit of AmotL2 in mice fed normal diet provoked a pro-inflammatory response and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Transcriptome analysis of human AAA samples revealed a negative correlation between AmotL2 and inflammation of the aortic intima. These findings offer insight into the link between junctional mechanotransduction and vascular disease.
A comparative analysis of 3D printed scaffolds consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and different bioactive mineral fillers: aspects of degradation and cytocompatibility
Authors: Ahlfeld Tilman , Lode Anja , Placht Anna-Maria , Fecht Tatjana , Wolfram Tobias , Grom Stefanie , Hoess Andreas , Vater Corina , Bräuer Christian , Heinemann Sascha , Lauer Günter , Reinauer Frank , Gelinsky Michael
Published: June 2023

Leveraging 3D-printable PLGA composites with mineral fillers, biomaterial-based bone therapies become clinically relevant. Herein, long-termin vitroexperiments were conducted to characterize degradability and evidence cytocompatibility.
Vitis viniferaleaf extract liposomal Carbopol gel preparation's potential wound healing and antibacterial benefits:in vivo, phytochemical, and computational investigation
Authors: Elmaidomy Abeer H. , Mohamad Soad A. , Abdelnaser Mahmoud , Yahia Ramadan , Mokhtar Fatma A. , Alsenani Faisal , Badr Moutaz Y. , Almaghrabi Safa Y. , Altemani Faisal H. , Alzubaidi Mubarak A. , Saber Entesar Ali , Elrehany Mahmoud A. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Sayed Ahmed M.
Published: June 2023

Vitis viniferaedible leaf extract loaded on a Carbopol gel was prepared to maximize the wound healing and anti-MRSA properties. The extract's mode of action has been comprehensively investigated byin vitro,in vivo, andin silicoexperiments.
Electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on copper nanoflower-triggeredin situgrowth of electroactive polymers
Authors: Lu Ji , Zhou Xiaotian , Li Yi , Yu Min , Fu Siyuan , Qu Zhiling , Li Yanling , Miao Jinfeng , Xu Yuanyuan
Published: June 2023

Cascade signal amplification triggered by copper nanoflowers and eATRP reaction ensures ultrasensitive detection. Fast on-site testing can be carried out without the need for large instruments and specialized laboratories.
Base-tuned selective 1,2-dichloromethylhydroxylation and 1,2-peroxyhydroxylation of 1,3-dienes via a tandem radical process
Authors: Zhang Jiantao , Zhu Weiming , Zhou Peng , Chen Cui , Liu Weibing
Published: June 2023

A base-tuned selective 1,2-dichloromethylhydroxylation and 1,2-peroxyhydroxylation of 1,3-dienes via a tandem radical process was developed.
A dual covalent binder for labelling and inhibiting serine and metallo-carbapenemases
Authors: Chen Cheng , Xu Yinsui , Oelschlaeger Peter , Brem Jürgen , Liu Lu , Wang Dongmei , Sun Hongzhe , Yang Ke-Wu
Published: June 2023

The novel SeCN-based covalent warhead, DS01, DS02 and DC01 was reported to inhibit and label the serine and metallo-carbapenemases, with IC50 values range of 0.0038–1.27 μg mL−1, by forming covalent bonds with Cys221 of NDM-1 and Ser70 of KPC-2.
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over single-atom Pt confined in Sn-modified MIL-101(Fe)
Authors: Zhang Runze , Wang Yinghao , Zhang Wendi , Lu Yaowei , Tang Qinghu , Cao Qiue , Gu Bang , Fang Wenhao
Published: June 2023

A Sn-modified MIL-101(Fe) confined single-atom Pt catalyst was synthesized, enabling efficient hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone through α-angelica lactone as an intermediate under mild conditions.
C–C bond formationviaphotocatalytic direct functionalization of simple alkanes
Authors: Velasco-Rubio Álvaro , Martínez-Balart Pol , Álvarez-Constantino Andrés M. , Fañanás-Mastral Martín
Published: June 2023

This article reviews the methodologies available to achieve C–C bond formationviaphotocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic direct functionalization of simple alkanes.
An AIE-active tetraphenylethene functionalized silver-tetrazolate coordination polymer for selective fluorescence sensing of explosives
Authors: Kang Hai-Peng , Zhou Han-Chen , Tang Xiong , Liu Chang , Li Yong-Hua , Zhang Hao-Zhe , Su Jian , Ferbinteanu Marilena , Wu Hua-Yu , Wang Shi
Published: June 2023

A tetraphenylethene-functionalized silver-tetrazolate luminescent metal–organic framework with (3,6)-connected rtl topology can be well applied in nitro-explosive detection in aqueous media.
New insights into the proton pumping mechanism of ba3 cytochrome c oxidase: the functions of key residues and water
Authors: Yang Xiaoyue , Liu Shaohui , Yin Zhili , Chen Mengguo , Song Jinshuai , Li Pengfei , Yang Longhua
Published: June 2023

The functions of a series of key residues and waters crucial for the proton pumping mechanism of ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase is further explored using molecular dynamic simulations and quantum cluster model calculations.
Integrated experimental and theoretical studies on structural and magnetic properties of thin films of double perovskite ruthenates: Ba2DyRuO6 & Sr2DyRuO6
Authors: Dani Sahil , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Hitesh , Choudhary R J , Goyal Navdeep , Kaur Pawanpreet , Pandit Rabia
Published: June 2023

This novel study is crucial in understanding the intriguing electronic, structural and magnetic properties of special double perovskite thin films, Ba2DyRuO6 and Sr2DyRuO6, for their applications as “spintronics based devices”.
Quantifying quadrupole effects in the NMR spectra of spin-1/2 nuclei in rotating solids
Authors: Bamola Nisha , Bansal Mohit , Ramachandran Ramesh
Published: June 2023

.Quantifying quadrupole effects in the NMR spectra of spin-1/2 nuclei.
The atom sampling method for mesoscale molecular dynamics and its application to graphene assemblies
Authors: Pan Xiong , Jin Hanhui , Ku Xiaoke , Fan Jianren
Published: June 2023

In mesoscale simulations, the atom sampling method mitigates the consequences arising from the increased mass of the beads in the coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD).
Major–minor concept revisited: causes for the reversal of thermodynamically determined intermediate ratios under reaction conditions
Authors: Jannsen Nora , Jurrat Julia , Neumann Helfried , Fischer Christian , Thede Richard , Heller Detlef
Published: June 2023

This work reveals the kinetic reasons for the inversion of the intermediates during catalytic selective reactions by using a model system.
High-density low-coordination Ni single atoms anchored on Ni-embedded nanoporous carbon nanotubes for boosted alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Feng Liangliang , Fu Changle , Li Dongming , Ai Xuan , Yin Hongyan , Li Yuhang , Li Xiaoyi , Cao Liyun , Huang Jianfeng
Published: June 2023

A novel self-template assisted tactic is successfully developed for the synthesis of high-density unsaturated Ni–N2species anchored on Ni-embedded nanoporous carbon nanotubes toward hydrogen evolution in alkaline media.
Optimization of process variables for the concurrent removal of aliphatic and aromatic volatile organic compounds over a copper impregnated titanium dioxide photocatalyst
Authors: Verma Swati , Vikrant Kumar , Kim Ki-Hyun
Published: June 2023

Ultraviolet light assisted photocatalytic removal of aliphatic and aromatic volatile organic compounds in a multicomponent system over copper-impregnated titanium dioxide prepared by wet impregnation method.
Water–lipid interface in lipidic mesophases with excess water
Authors: Yao Yang , Catalini Sara , Foggi Paolo , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: June 2023

We study the influence of excess water on the phase transition of lipidic mesophases from the cubic to reverse hexagonal phase. Excess water permeates the interface and forms additional hydrogen bonds with lipids, accelerating the lipid dynamics.
Synergistically interactive MnFeM (M = Cu, Ti, and Co) sites doped porous g-C3N4 fiber-like nanostructures for an enhanced green hydrogen production
Authors: Salah Belal , Abdelgawad Ahmed , Lu Qingqing , Ipadeola Adewale K. , Luque Rafael , Eid Kamel
Published: June 2023

MnFeM (M = Cu, Ti, and Co) active sites doped porous g-C3N4 nanofibers were developed for efficient electrochemical green H2 production. MnFeCu/g-C3N4 NFs with higher synergism showed the best activity compared to others with less synergism.
A critical review on emerging photoactive porous materials for sulfide oxidation and sulfur mustard decontamination
Authors: Kalita Priyanka , Paul Ratul , Boruah Ankita , Dao Duy Quang , Bhaumik Asim , Mondal John
Published: June 2023

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been classified as fatal weapons of mass destruction because of their toxicity and deadly consequences.
Matrix effects in simultaneous microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry: new perspectives on an old problem
Authors: Hallwirth Franz , Wolfgang Matthias , Wiltsche Helmar
Published: June 2023

Line-dependent analyte signal suppression/enhancement by 18 common matrix elements was simultaneously investigated for MIP-OES. Li caused the strongest matrix effect, even for concentrations as low as 20 mg L−1.
Quantitative elemental analysis of bismuth brass by microchip laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Yarui , He Xiaoyong , Wang Chaoyong
Published: June 2023

A compact microchip laser-based LIBS coupled with spark discharge was developed to realize sensitive and high spatial resolution elemental analysis.
SpectIR-fluidics: completely customizable microfluidic cartridges for high sensitivity on-chip infrared spectroscopy with point-of-application studies on bacterial biofilms
Authors: Jia Nan , Daignault-Bouchard Arthur , Deng Tianyang , Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Bégin-Drolet André , Greener Jesse
Published: June 2023

SpectIR-fluidics merges any microfluidic design with sensitive ATR-FTIR. The sensor integration within the larger device enables complete freedom for fluidic connections, opening the way for high throughput point of application assays and more.
An anomalous Hall effect in edge-bonded monolayer graphene
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Heng , Peng Zhisheng , Jin Jiyou , Wang Zhongpu , Peng Kang , Wang Wenxiang , Xu Yushi , Wang Yu , Wei Zheng , Zhang Ding , Li Yong Jun , Chu Weiguo , Sun Lianfeng
Published: June 2023

In this article, we present an anomalous Hall effect in edge-bonded monolayer graphene.
Correction: Multiplexed molecular imaging with surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoprobes reveals immunotherapy response in mice via multichannel image segmentation
Authors: Andreou Chrysafis , Plakas Konstantinos , Berisha Naxhije , Gigoux Mathieu , Rosch Lauren E. , Mirsafavi Rustin , Oseledchyk Anton , Pal Suchetan , Zamarin Dmitriy , Merghoub Taha , Detty Michael R. , Kircher Moritz F.
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘Multiplexed molecular imaging with surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoprobes reveals immunotherapy response in mice via multichannel image segmentation’ by Chrysafis Andreou et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2022, 7, 1540–1552, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nh00331g.
Interface based field effect configuration and charge conduction mechanisms for manganite thin film heterostructures
Authors: Rajyaguru Bhargav , Gohil Hardik , Dadhich Himanshu , Gadani Keval , Shrimali V. G. , Choudhary R. J. , Phase D. M. , Shah N. A. , Solanki P. S.
Published: June 2023

Control over the movements of free charge carriers across any manganite based interface can functionalize the device for spintronic applications.
Rapid naked eye sensing of fluoride by calix[4]arene upper rim tetra functionalized pentafluorophenyl hydrazone
Authors: Nehra Anita , Malik Apoorva , Sharma Pragati R , Bandaru Sateesh , Sharma Rakesh K
Published: June 2023

A neutral electron-deficient, pentafluorophenyl hydrazone-functionalized upper rim derivative of calix[4]arene, R, showed naked eye detection of fluoride among 19 anions.
Formation of lignin alkyl-O-alkyl ether structures via 1,6-addition of aliphatic alcohols to β-O-4-aryl ether quinone methides
Authors: Zhu Xuhai , Zhang Dazhi , Lu Rui , Lu Fang
Published: June 2023

In this work, diastereo-preferential formation of alkyl-O-alkyl ether structures via 1,6-addition of alcohols to β-O-4-aryl ether quinone methides was studied.
Progress of polyethersulfone composites and their applications in biomedical engineering
Authors: Cao Yuanhang , Wang Jiemin , Zhao Changsheng , Liu Dan , Lei Weiwei
Published: June 2023

This review summarizes recent advances in polyethersulfone composites membranes, microspheres and fibers, and corresponding applications including hemodialysis, blood perfusion, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation etc.
Ir–Na cooperativity controls the diastereoselectivity of borrowing hydrogen C–C alkylation on isosorbide: synthesis methodology and mechanistic investigation
Authors: François Jordan , Rio Jordan , Jeanneau Erwann , Perrin Marie-Ève L. , Jacolot Maïwenn , Payard Pierre-Adrien , Popowycz Florence
Published: June 2023

The C–C alkylation of isosorbide derivative was achieved with excellent diastereocontrol using an Ir-based organometallic homogeneous catalyst.
Enhancement in the electrical transport properties of CaMnO3via La/Dy co-doping for improved thermoelectric performance
Authors: Vijay Ammu , S Charan Prasanth , Jose Roshan , Saravanan K Venkata
Published: June 2023

The solid state synthesized La0.075Dy0.075Ca0.85MnO3 sample shows the highest zT max of 0.122 due to large value of electrical conductivity and large number of grain boundaries in the matrix.
User-friendly and ultra-stable all-inclusive gold tablets for cysteamine detection
Authors: Al-Kassawneh Muna , Sadiq Zubi , Jahanshahi-Anbuhi Sana
Published: June 2023

To date, a range of nanozymes has been reported for their enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity such as solution-based sensors.
Purification of chlorine-containing copper smelting wastewater using extraction-stripping-salting out method
Authors: He Yuan , Li Yali , Li Shiwei , Yin Shaohua , Zhang Libo
Published: June 2023

The high concentration Cl− in wastewater adversely affects production and environment. The existing wastewater treatment processes are difficult to meet the requirements of wastewater application objects and economic and environmental protection.
UN Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13. How sustainable are the metals in our journey to clean energy storage?
Authors: Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina
Published: June 2023

Affordable, reliable, and clean energy storage should be at the core of our society to enable fair global energy distribution.
Iodine-containing furazan compounds: a promising approach to high-performance energetic biocidal agents
Authors: Chang Jinjie , Hu Lu , Pang Siping , He Chunlin
Published: June 2023

Four iodine-containing furazan compounds as promising biocidal agents with high iodine content (>50%) and TNT-like detonation performance were designed and synthesized by simple step.
Electronic transport and polarization-dependent photoresponse in few-layered hafnium trisulfide (HfS3) nanoribbons
Authors: Lipatov Alexey , Abourahma Jehad , Viswan Gauthami , Acharya Khimananda , Paudel Tula R. , Loes Michael J. , Bagheri Saman , N'Diaye Alpha T. , Mishra Esha , Ekanayaka Thilini Kumari , Zaz Mohammad , Rodenburg Jack , Dhingra Archit , Streubel Robert , Dowben Peter A. , Sinitskii Alexander
Published: June 2023

Few-layered HfS3 nanoribbons exhibit n-type conductivity and a large photoresponse to visible light. The photocurrent strongly depends on the polarization direction of the excitation laser due to the highly anisotropic quasi-1D crystal structure of HfS3.
The effect of ammonolysis conditions on the structural properties and oxidation kinetics of cubic niobium oxynitride
Authors: Graça Vanessa C. D. , Holz Laura I. V. , Loureiro Francisco J. A. , Mather Glenn C. , Fagg Duncan P.
Published: June 2023

Niobium oxynitride offers attractive properties, such as high electronic and thermal conductivity, high melting points and hardness, as well as high catalytic activity. Here we show how composition can be finely controlled by ammonolysis conditions.
Strain-engineering induced topological phase transitions and multiple valley states in Janus monolayer VCSiN4
Authors: Jia Kang , Dong Xiao-Jing , Li Sheng-Shi , Ji Wei-Xiao , Zhang Chang-Wen
Published: June 2023

For out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, when 1.04 < a/a0 < 1.043, the Quantum anomalous valley Hall effect is appeared in a ferrovalley monolayer: the Janus monolayer VCSiN4, which the edge state has a significant trait of chiral spin-valley locking.
Electrothermal and water dual-mode-responsive flexible polydiacetylene chiroptical films for multiplex laser displays
Authors: Yang Peng , Xie Yifan , Wen Li , Gan Liyu , Deng Linxiao , Zhang Hongli , Li Jiahe , Feng Zeyu , Zhang Chutian , Xu Lixin , Zou Gang
Published: June 2023

A composite film with remarkable optical activity and exceptional mechanical deformation ability was fabricated through the twisted stacking strategy, which can be applied in laser display and anti-counterfeiting fields.
Appointed‐time nonsingular sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude stabilization
Authors: Chen Zhaoyue , Zhang Haichao , Xiao Bing
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the appointed‐time attitude stabilization problem of a rigid spacecraft under disturbance and parametric uncertainty. A continuous appointed‐time sliding mode disturbance observer is presented to observe the synthetical disturbance term. To circumvent the singularity problem in terminal sliding mode control, a new nonsingular appointed‐time sliding mode surface is designed by employing the concept of switching control. Based on the observation information deriving from the proposed disturbance observer, an observer‐based nonsingular sliding mode control scheme is developed to stabilize the attitude control system within appointed time which is given by the user. And also, the undesired control chattering phenomenon can be attenuated. The appointed‐time stability of the controlled attitude system is proved by the Lyapunov criteria. The simulation results show that the proposed attitude stabilization control scheme is valid.
Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: Experience from a single large tertiary care centre
Authors: Singla Neeraj , Inavolu Pradev , Jagtap Nitin , Singh Aniruddha Pratap , Kalapala Rakesh , Memon Sana Fathima , Katukuri Gowtham Reddy , Pal Partha , Nabi Zaheer , Ramchandani Mohan , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Banerjee Rupa , Reddy Palle Manohar , Tandan Manu , Reddy Nageshwar
Published: June 2023

Background and study aims Capsule endoscopy (CE) has transformed
examination of the small bowel (SB), once considered a dark continent. The present study aimed
to describe the indications, diagnostic yield, practical issues and complications of CE in one
of the largest tertiary center in India.

Patients and methods This retrospective analysis from a
prospectively maintained database, conducted from January 2013 to June 2021 included 1155 CEs
performed during this period. Patient medical records were reviewed for indications, results,
and complications of CE.

Results A total of 1154 patients (809 males and 345 females),
mean age 53 years (range 6–87 years), one capsule got stuck in the esophagus, were included in
the study. Active SB bleeding had no effect on SB transit time (324.7±161 minutes, n = 137
patients with active bleed vs 310.6±166.9 minutes, n = 1017 patients without active bleed;
P = 0.35). The indication and diagnostic yield (DY) of CE were
potential overt SB bleed (68.6% & 43.9%), potential occult SB bleed (8.2% and 40%),
chronic diarrhea (7.9% and 28.4%), abdominal pain (6.5% and 21.3%), anemia (5.9% and 57.9%),
and suspected/known case of Crohn’s disease (2.3% & 56.5%) respectively. The DY for
patients with age ≥60 years was similar to those with age < 60 years (61.9% vs. 51.8%
respectively; P = 0.4). 21 patients (1.8%) had capsule retention of
which six (0.5%) had to be referred for surgery.

Conclusions CE is a safe and effective investigation with ever
increasing range of indications. Potential SB bleed remains the most common indication for CE
with high detection rate.
15-min pedestrian distance life circle and sustainable community governance in Chinese metropolitan cities: A diagnosis
Authors: Ma Wenjun , Wang Ning , Li Yuxi , Sun Daniel
Published: June 2023

Urban planning has shifted from “land-oriented” to “human-oriented” and metropolitan cities start to focus on 15-min life circle community planning during recent years. As multiple dimensions of living service facilities are included, proactive supervision and real-time evaluation are essential in the governance and spatial planning of large cities, referring to urban physical examination. This study proposes a community life circle diagnosis system based on multisource urban big data to evaluate the community public service facilities, in which the performance of urban living service, in terms of fairness, accessibility, and diversity were assessed, and the services related to the health and emergency facilities apart from the daily living service were investigated. Four representative Chinese megacities Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wuhan, were selected for the implementation and empirical analyses of the diagnosis system, which were further compared regarding the existing community life circle facility service. Then, situations in Shanghai in 2011, 2016, and 2021 were longitudinally compared to verify the influencing factors toward community life circle facilities. The results indicated that Shanghai has the highest quality of service of 15-min community life circle among the four Chinese cities, followed by Shenzhen, Wuhan, and Beijing, according to the average coverage rate of citywide living service facilities. However, the municipal government in Shanghai still needs to improve the investment in public resources in the suburbs, focusing on facilities related to elderly care, life security, and community travel. Findings of this study may assist metropolitan development with policy and funding priorities, by using urban big data together with traditional empirical data (e.g. social-economic data, built environment, etc.) to diagnose sustainable community development problems.
Federal criminal sentencing: race-based disparate impact and differential treatment in judicial districts
Authors: Topaz Chad M. , Ning Shaoyang , Ciocanel Maria-Veronica , Bushway Shawn
Published: June 2023

Race-based inequity in federal criminal sentencing is widely acknowledged, and yet our understanding of it is far from complete. Inequity may arise from several sources, including direct bias of courtroom actors and structural bias that produces racially disparate impacts. Irrespective of these sources, inequity may also originate from different loci within the federal system. We bring together the questions of the sources and loci of inequity. The purpose of our study is to quantify race-based disparate impact and differential treatment at the national level and at the level of individual federal judicial districts. We analyze over one-half million sentencing records publicly available from the United States Sentencing Commission database, spanning the years 2006 to 2020. At the system-wide level, Black and Hispanic defendants receive average sentences that are approximately 19 months longer and 5 months longer, respectively. Demographic factors and sentencing guideline elements account for nearly 17 of the 19 months for Black defendants and all five of the months for Hispanic defendants, demonstrating the disparate impact of the system at the national level. At the individual district level, even after controlling for each district’s unique demographics and implementation of sentencing factors, 14 districts show significant differences for minoritized defendants as compared to white ones. These unexplained differences are evidence of possible differential treatment by judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys.
Coexistence of surface oxygen vacancy and interface conducting states in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 revealed by grazing-angle resonant soft x-ray scattering
Authors: Yang Ming , Ariando Ariando , Diao Caozheng , Lee James C. , Jayaraman Kaushik , Jalil Mansoor B. A. , Smadici Serban , Zeng Shengwei , Zhou Jun , Kong Weilong , Breese Mark B. H. , Dhar Sankar , Feng Yuan Ping , Abbamonte Peter , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Rusydi Andrivo
Published: June 2023

Oxide heterostructures have shown rich physics phenomena, particularly in the conjunction of exotic insulator–metal transition (IMT) at the interface between polar insulator LaAlO3 and non-polar insulator SrTiO3 (LaAlO3/SrTiO3). The polarization catastrophe model has suggested an electronic reconstruction, yielding to metallicity at both the interface and surface. Another scenario is the occurrence of surface oxygen vacancy at LaAlO3 (surface-Ov), which has predicted surface-to-interface charge transfer, yielding metallic interface but insulating surface. To clarify the origin of IMT, one should probe surface-Ov and the associated electronic structures at both the surface and the buried interface simultaneously. Here, using grazing-angle resonant soft x-ray scattering (GA-RSXS) supported with first-principles calculations, we reveal the co-existence of the surface-Ov state and the interface conducting state only in conducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (001) films. Interestingly, both the surface-Ov state and the interface conducting state are absent for the insulating film. As a function of Ov density, while the surface-Ov state is responsible for the IMT, the spatial charge distribution is found responsible for a transition from two-dimensional-like to three-dimensional-like conductivity accompanied by spectral weight transfer, revealing the importance of electronic correlation. Our results show the importance of surface-Ov in determining interface properties and provide a new strategy in utilizing GA-RSXS to directly probe the surface and buried interface electronic properties in complex oxide heterostructures.
Toward next-generation endoscopes integrating biomimetic video systems, nonlinear optical microscopy, and deep learning
Authors: Stanciu Stefan G. , König Karsten , Song Young Min , Wolf Lior , Charitidis Costas A. , Bianchini Paolo , Goetz Martin
Published: June 2023

According to the World Health Organization, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will approximately double by 2050. This progressive increase in the elderly population will lead to a dramatic growth of age-related diseases, resulting in tremendous pressure on the sustainability of healthcare systems globally. In this context, finding more efficient ways to address cancers, a set of diseases whose incidence is correlated with age, is of utmost importance. Prevention of cancers to decrease morbidity relies on the identification of precursor lesions before the onset of the disease, or at least diagnosis at an early stage. In this article, after briefly discussing some of the most prominent endoscopic approaches for gastric cancer diagnostics, we review relevant progress in three emerging technologies that have significant potential to play pivotal roles in next-generation endoscopy systems: biomimetic vision (with special focus on compound eye cameras), non-linear optical microscopies, and Deep Learning. Such systems are urgently needed to enhance the three major steps required for the successful diagnostics of gastrointestinal cancers: detection, characterization, and confirmation of suspicious lesions. In the final part, we discuss challenges that lie en route to translating these technologies to next-generation endoscopes that could enhance gastrointestinal imaging, and depict a possible configuration of a system capable of (i) biomimetic endoscopic vision enabling easier detection of lesions, (ii) label-free in vivo tissue characterization, and (iii) intelligently automated gastrointestinal cancer diagnostic.
A WSe2/
β
-Ga2O3 2D/3D heterojunction for self-powered solar-blind communication
Authors: Zhou Xin
Published: June 2023

Self-powered flexible solar-blind photodetectors based on WSe2/β-Ga2O3 2D/3D van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions were manufactured, which exhibit brilliant optoelectronic performances with a low dark current of 136 fA at 0 V, a I254nm/Idark ratio of 103, and rise (τr= 9 ms) and decay (τd= 18 ms) times. In a further step, a solar-blind communication system was fabricated with a good information transmission capability and low energy consumption. Furthermore, “AND” and “OR” optoelectronic logic gates have been realized, which can be applied to signal processing in the field of solar-blind communication.
Bichromatic UV detection system for atomically-resolved imaging of ions
Authors: Nordmann T. , Wickenhagen S. , Doležal M. , Mehlstäubler T. E.
Published: June 2023

We present a compact bichromatic imaging system, located outside of the vacuum chamber of a trapped ion apparatus that collects the fluorescence of 230.6 and 369.5 nm photons simultaneously on a shared electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera. The system contains two lens doublets, consisting of a sphere and an asphere. They provide a numerical aperture of 0.45 and 0.40 at 230.6 and 369.5 nm, respectively, and enable spatially resolved state detection with a large field of view of 300 μm for long 115In+/172Yb+ Coulomb crystals. Instead of diffraction-limited imaging for one wavelength, the focus in this system is on simultaneous single-ion resolved imaging of both species over a large field, with special attention to the deep UV wavelength (230.6 nm) and the low scattering rate of In+ ions. The introduced concept is applicable to other dual-species applications.
Broadband sound focusing with tunable focus based on reconfigurable acoustic coding metagrating
Authors: Bai Yazhu , Song Ailing , Sun Chaoyu , Xiang Yanxun , Xuan Fu-Zhen
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable acoustic coding metagrating composed of rotatable open-ended round tubes for realizing broadband sound focusing with tunable focus. Integrating reconfigurable idea into coding metagrating, we can implement the conversion of the logical units 0 and 1 simply by mechanically adjusting the rotational angle of the open-ended round tubes. The theoretical analysis, the numerical simulations, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed coding metagrating can precisely manipulate the focus by alternating the coding arrangements. The proposed metagrating has the advantages of broadband property, precise focusing, and tunable focus. Our work provides promising applications in acoustic imaging, medical ultrasound treatment, and nondestructive testing.
Microramp wake impinging on canonical shock/boundary-layer interaction
Authors: Grébert Arnaud , Jamme Stéphane , Joly Laurent , Bodart Julien
Published: June 2023

We analyze the influence of microramp vortex generators (mVGs) on a canonical oblique shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction (SBLI) in terms of mean flow field and unsteady dynamics. The flow configuration of our wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) reproduces the experiment of Bo et al. [“Experimental investigation of the micro-ramp based shock wave and turbulent boundary-layer interaction control,” Phys. Fluids 24, 055110 (2012)]: a rake of microramps is inserted upstream of the SBLI, protruding by 0.476δ in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) at free-stream Mach number M = 2.7 and corresponding to a Reynolds number based on the displacement thickness of Reθ=3600. The long integration time of 1672 Lsep/U∞ allows an accurate characterization of the low-frequency dynamics of the SBLI under the influence of the microramps. With respect to the reference SBLI without control devices, the mean flow field shows a new spatial organization of the recirculation bubble due to the mVGs' wake. The alternating high and low-speed zones in the near-wall region of the incoming TBL, induced by the counter-rotating streamwise vortices generated by the mVGs, trigger spanwise corrugations of the separation and reattachment lines and locally alter the reverse flow region. Tornado-like vortices are found in the vicinity of these zones, yielding a new fluid collection mechanism of the reverse flow region. These vortices redirect the fluid coming from regions outside of the wake in the incoming TBL to three key spanwise exit locations located in between the mVGs and at their centerline. Interestingly, power spectral densities of wall-pressure probes show a damping of the low-frequency dynamics of the reflected shock foot for spanwise stations aligned with the mVGs' wake, whereas this activity appears to be reinforced in the planes located in between the mVGs. However, we found no evidence of unsteady forcing linked to the high-frequency shedding of the coherent structures developing in the wake of the microramps. Dynamic mode decomposition highlights a significant change in the low-frequency dynamics, mostly affecting the mass budget of the recirculation bubble. The breathing of the recirculation zone that occurs at StL=0.1 for the SBLI without control devices (with StL=fLsep/U∞) appears to shift toward a lower frequency of StL=0.05. Remembering that the reflected shock foot motion is related to frequencies in the range StL=[0.03−0.05], the SBLI with upstream mVGs seems to highlight a synchronization of this motion with the breathing of the separation bubble.
Higher-order turbulence statistics and multiscale characterization of morphodynamics in a riverbank section with an upstream mining pit
Authors: Arora Sukhjeet , Lade Abhijit D. , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: June 2023

Channel dredging has become a common phenomenon across several fluvial systems. Pits dredged in the riverbank can influence the downstream turbulence and affect the bank slope and central channel morphodynamics. Erodible bed experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume having a riverbank cross section with three different bank slopes, i.e., 25°, 31°, and 40° with and without a mining pit. Flow over the bank slope and near the bank toe was most affected by the pit excavation at the channel upstream. Turbulence levels were amplified within the flow over the slope and near the bank toe. The logarithmic scaling range of higher-order fluctuations at the bank toe is greater for with pit case. The complex interaction of simultaneous processes like pit migration, sliding failure and bank erosion, and fluvial erosion was studied at multiple length scales and time scales. A wavelet cross correlation analysis was used to calculate the celerity of bedform migration at the bank toe along the flow. Statistical celerity of bedforms with smaller scales (up to 15 mm length scales) is significantly higher due to pit interaction. The study reveals that instream mining has notable effects on the inherent nature of higher-order turbulence statistics, especially near the bank slope and toe, as well as the multiscale morphological structures.
Second language learners acquire reduced word forms just like they acquire full forms
Authors: Morano Lisa , ten Bosch Louis , Ernestus Mirjam
Published: June 2023

We investigated the effect of auditory exposure on the recognition of full (i.e., canonical) and reduced (i.e., with weakened or deleted sounds) word forms by beginner second language (L2) learners. We taught three participant groups the same French schwa words. One group was trained only on the full (i.e., with schwa) forms, one group on the reduced forms (i.e., without schwa) only, and one group on both the full and reduced forms of each word. We then tested participants’ recognition of both forms in an auditory lexical decision task. We found that participants’ accuracy for a form was proportional to the exposure they received at training for that form. Both participants’ groups trained on one form recognized the untrained form in about a third of the trials. We conclude that exposure is a crucial factor in learning L2 reduced forms and that listeners use both retrieval from storage and goodness of fit (including reconstruction) mechanisms, in the same way for full as for reduced forms.
Interband carrier recombination mechanism in Al-doped ZnO
Authors: Chen Conglong , Yu Junxiao , Lv Zefang , Zhang Fengling , Wang Kuidong , Li Runze , Chen Jie
Published: June 2023

Due to strong nonlinear optical effects and ultrafast response properties, transparent conductive oxides are promising candidate materials for next-generation THz modulation devices and other photonic applications. However, the mechanisms of photon-induced ultrafast carrier relaxations in those materials have yet to be fully understood. Here we investigated the interband carrier dynamics in a prototype of this family, Al-doped ZnO, with different excitation photon energies through femtosecond optical transmittance measurements. We found that the interband relaxation of the photon-induced carriers is mainly through second-order recombination, which is essentially the direct band-to-band recombination with the assistance of intraband electron relaxation. The high density of the doped electrons provides superior intraband relaxation channels through electron-phonon interaction and electron-impurity scattering, which contribute to the overall ultrafast response, especially under indirect and band tail transitions. This study provides a new insight into the ultrafast response mechanism of Al-doped ZnO and the analyzing method may also be generalized to other heavily doped semiconductors.
Comparison of measurement and numerical calculation on spectral profile of ablation arc plasma around current zero in high-voltage gas circuit breakers
Authors: Sakuyama Toshiaki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Masanori , Kotsuji Hideyuki , Shiraishi Katsuhiko , Urai Hajime , Tanaka Yasunori
Published: June 2023

A product-scale interrupter with a rated voltage range of 245 kV to 362 kV and current condition of 20 kA root mean square has been examined to study the arc extinguishing process and the appearance of absorption spectrum by C2 molecules immediately before the current zero. The latter has elucidated the presence of C2 molecules outside the arc core, where the temperature is lower. The temporal behaviour of the C2 absorption spectrum and the emission spectrum of the S+ ion have been measured, which have indicated that polytetrafluoroethylene ablation gas is replaced by SF6 because of gas flow from the thermal puffer chamber to the stagnation point. The computed spectra agree well with the experimentally obtained spectra and show similarities to measured profiles. They show evidence of absorption by C2 molecules in the continuous spectrum and the reproduced band heads of the C2 Swan spectrum.
One-dimensional structure reparameterized convolutional neural network for two-phase image reconstruction based on ERT
Authors: Yan Chao , Zhang Guoyuan , Chen Yu , Huang Sen , Zhao Yangyang , Wang Junqian
Published: June 2023

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) can be applied to two-phase flow pattern identification which is a key research direction for improving the operational safety of different industrial equipment systems with complex flow fields. Aiming at the existing problem that the traditional algorithm for defining flow patterns cannot accurately establish the mapping relationship between the measured voltage from ERT system and the two-phase flow conductivity distribution, a novel one-dimensional structure reparameterized convolutional neural network (1D-SRPCNN) algorithm for two-phase flow pattern image reconstruction based on ERT is proposed. First, finite element method and deep learning software framework are used to build dataset and train the neural network model respectively. Second, a deep residual network (ResNet) is used as the main network structure in the algorithm, and the one-dimensional multiscale feature extraction block (1DMSFE-Block) is improved by structural reparameterization. Then, multiscale convolution is introduced to 1DMSFE-Block for extracting features of different receptive field sizes and performing linear fusion, and the predicted two-phase flow conductivity pixel vector is obtained by the feature map passing with three fully connected layers. The results show that 1D-SRPCNN has high reconstruction performance, the average relative image error is 5.15%, the average correlation coefficient is 97.2%, and it has high anti-noise performance and generalization performance. Different experimental data also show that 1D-SRPCNN has high image reconstruction accuracy and efficiency. The research will provide important theoretical support for accurately identifying two-phase flow patterns in different fields.
Combined simulation and experimental study on spectral absorbance of partially disordered MoSe2 nanospheres
Authors: Liu Gangshuo , Yan Chao , Sui Xinqi , Kuang Dengfeng
Published: June 2023

It is important to clarify the role and possible applicability of partially disordered structures in photonics, but there is still a lack of an effective method for it. Here, we investigate partially disordered MoSe2 nanospheres experimentally regarding their morphology and absorption spectrum in broadband wavelengths and propose an optical simulation with three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method to explain the crucial impacts of morphological parameters on optical responses. The experimental spectral absorbance of MoSe2 nanospheres reveals a strong light-absorbing character in broadband wavelengths. The simulated spectral curves coincide with the experimental results by adjusting morphological parameters, i.e. the statistics of size and the number of layer, and the linear correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental spectral curves is up to 0.94. The disorder plays a key role in the high light-absorption feature, and the feature originates from anti-reflection, defective state absorption, multiple light scattering and coherent diffusion effects. The results not only deepen the understanding of disordered photonics in semiconductor nanostructures, but also provide a simulation approach to optimize experimental designs.