bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of climate change on rural community food crops production pattern in high humid rainforest agroecology in the southern part of Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria., Ogazie Chinedum A. , Ochekwu Edache B. ,   Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria., Agbagwa Ikechukwu O. ,   Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of climate change on the crop production pattern of the rural community in the southern part of Nigeria. The crop production pattern identified from the survey was multicropping of two or more crop species on the same piece of arable farmland. It was carried out to evaluate the crop species associated with adopted multicropping practice by the community in the face of climate change and classified into foodstuff forms and dietary requirements. Data was collected in wet and dry seasons through a reconnaissance survey of walk-through diagonally and on-the-spot assessment of each of the 22 arable farmlands cultivated for the study and crop species were identified and recorded. The survey revealed 27 crop species in 15 families and the most common crop species planted were Zea mays L., Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f., Manihot esculenta Crantz, and the least been Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, Vigna unguiculata L. It also indicated that the least number of crop species was 3 and the highest 12 per arable farmland. All the crop species identified were later classified into tubers/corms; vegetables; fruits; spices; drugs; grain legumes; soup thickeners and cereals which are the common food classification/dietary combination in the community. Multicropping of crop species on the same piece of arable farmland might be considered a way out of the climate change which has continued to impact crop species yield decline in recent times. This practice necessitated by climate change provided multiple benefits to the farmer’s homestead, community and environment because each crop species require different conditions within the environment, soil nutrients and water to thrive and therefore a balance in the agroecosystems dynamics is sustained. In conclusion, multicropping practice should be encouraged as it provides several benefits to the community resilience, the soil and various organisms that dwell on and in it, the crop species, income, the environment, biodiversity and also varieties of foodstuff which provide the needed dietary food calories in the community.
Flower abortion of pepino melon (Solanum muricatum Ait.) as influenced by NPK fertilizer rates and growing environment
Authors:   Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 20115, Egerton, Kenya., Mutua Carol M. , Gesimba Robert M. ,   Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 20115, Egerton, Kenya., Ogweno Joshua O. ,   Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 20115, Egerton, Kenya.
Published: May 2024

Flower abortion is the detachment of flowers from the plant. A study was conducted at Egerton University, Kenya in 2018 to 2020 to investigate the effect of NPK fertilizer rates (0, 100, 200. 300 and 400 kg ha-1) on flower abortion of field and greenhouse grown pepino melons. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was collected on number of flowers, number of aborted flowers, viable and non-viable pollen and in vitro pollen germination. Data were analysed using analysis of variance with the SAS statistical package. Significant means were separated using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference at p≤0.05. Results indicated that field grown plants supplied with 200 and 300 kg NPK ha-1 had 10.28 and 11.18 flowers per truss respectively in trial one. In trial two, field grown plants supplied with 300 kg NPK ha-1 had 11.32 flowers per truss. Greenhouse grown plants supplied with 300 kg NPK ha-1 had 20.61 and 14.19 aborted flowers in trial one and two respectively. High pollen viability was recorded from non-aborted flowers obtained from field grown plants supplied with 300 kg NPK ha-1 with a pollen viability of 94.48% and 93.97% in trial one and two respectively. Pollen from non-aborted flowers obtained from field grown plants supplied with 300 kg NPK ha-1 had the highest pollen germination of 68.72 and 67.72% in trial one and two respectively. Application of 200 and 300 kg NPK ha-1 for field and greenhouse grown pepino melon plants led to reduced flower abortion, high number of flowers per truss, high pollen viability and pollen germination.
Psychotropic substance abuses and academic attainments of learners from randomly selected school environments and reviews of previous joint studies at KNUST in Ghana
Authors:   Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL1350 Tamale, Ghana., Tiimob Richard W. , Tiimob Gideon L. ,   Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon., Baani Isaac ,   Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation Education, Faculty of Science & Environment Education-CAGRIC, University of Education, Winneba, P. O. Box 40, Asante Mampong, Ghana., Amihere-Ackah Paul ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 - China., Tiimub Benjamin M. ,   Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation Education, Faculty of Science & Environment Education-CAGRIC, University of Education, Winneba, P. O. Box 40, Asante Mampong, Ghana.,   Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 - China., Assabil James. K. ,   Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Published: May 2024

Psychotropic effects of substance abuse on academic attainments was studied from a cross sectional descriptive survey from January to June, 2010 in Bosomtwi and Atwima Kwanwoma Districts. Entirely thirteen beneficiaries of School Health Education Programmes (SHEP) interventions between 5 to 10 years intervals, sub-divided into ten Junior High (JHS), and three public Senior High (SHS) were randomly selected based on learners’ gender ratios using questionnaire and instructional guidelines approved by the school authorities for interview of 600 (258 females and 342 males) respondents. Majority (42 to 94%) were victims of coffee and alcohol abuse while 31% were implicated for marijuana, amphetamine, cocaine and heroin. About 56% resorted to drugs hoping to improve their academic performances with 11% consequently developing truant behaviors and abysmal achievements. Family members and friends often lured/provided money for 61% of learner’s drug purchase while 96% were addicted averagely at 11.5 years old. Proportionately, 51% males were abusing drugs against 45% females. Likelihood ratio of abuse amongst genders cohorts were both asymptotically (P<0.07) and linearly (P<0.4) not significantly different. Substance abuse problems worsened in divorced marriages and single parent families where financial constraints and inadequate care compel learners to depend on drugs as probable solution to their depression and stress. The overall analysis revealed little improvement on learners’ academic performances with increased drug use. Parent Teacher Associations need to strengthen the implementation of child care monitoring interventions in homes and schools to curtail rampant drug abuse problems through pilot School Health Education Programmes (SHEP).
Application of nanoparticles in the control and management of pathogenic microorganisms
Authors:   Pharmaceutical Unit, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Jesse I. A. , Mamman P. G. ,   Medical Unit, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Umar A. O. ,   Food and Industrial Unit, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Aliyu A. M. ,   Pharmaceutical Unit, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Ibrahim H. O. ,   Environmental Unit, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Busari M. B. ,   Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Amuzat A. O. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria., Adisa M. J. ,   Department of chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

In the past few decades, there have been growing interests in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in combating infectious diseases. This is due to their unique size, shape and significantly improved physical, chemical, biological and antimicrobial properties at the nanoscale. Different types of NPs like gallium, copper, zinc, titanium, magnesium, gold and silver have been developed. However, silver nanoparticles have proved to be most effective as they exhibit potent antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, virus and parasites. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases can be done using NPs because they have been found to be very sensitive and specific in detection of pathogens. More so, some are inexpensive and easily reproducible. The progress in development of nanopesticides, nanovaccine as well as nanodiagnostic tools are opening up new avenues in the management of infectious diseases. However, there are challenges particularly the toxicity, which is a big issue of public health concerns. This review outlines the conceivable opportunities regarding the application of NPs for the control and management of pathogenic microorganisms.
Effectiveness of intermittent heat and cold application on labour pain and duration of labour among the intranatal mothers
Authors:   Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, India., Sugandary M. , Dash Manjubala ,   Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, India., Chitra A. Felicia ,   Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, India.
Published: May 2024

Childbirth is a natural biological process and the pain associated with it is also perceived as normal and natural. The primigravida women experience more intense pain during labour compared to multigravida. Experience of severe labour pain affects women's attitudes about vaginal birth. Heat and cold application on Intranatal mothers are very cheap and simple method and no need previous experience and it will have no side effects. The objectives of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intermittent heat and cold application on labour pain and duration of labour among the experimental group mothers in comparison to control group mothers. This study was a quantitative approach and Quasi Experimental Design. The setting was in the Labour room and the sample size were 60 (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group) selected through Convenience Sampling Technique. The instruments used for data collection was a standardized Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and modified WHO Partograph and analysed by SPSS package 16.0 version. Results of research showed a significant decrease in the pain intensity in the intervention group during the first stage of labour and comparing two groups showed significantly difference (p<0.01). The calculated unpaired “t” value of first and second stage of labour 5.409 and 8.927 were found to be statistically significant at p<0.05 level. In conclusion, intermittent heat and cold application to the Intranatal mothers was found to be effective in reducing the level of labour pain and duration of first and second stage of labour among intranatal mothers.
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Minna, North Central Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Yamman U. H. , Omalu I. C. J. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Abubakar A. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Abolarinwa S. O. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Eke S. S. ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic children and its association with symptomatic malaria cases was assessed in a cohort of children from Minna, Nigeria. A total of 220 children aged 6 months to 17 years were recruited from the community and healthcare facilities. Thick and thin films of the blood samples were prepared and the parasite density was determined using the thick film while the parasite species was identified using thin film. Overall, the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum was 70% (153/220) out of which 28% (43/153) was observed in apparently healthy children from the community (asymptomatic) and 72% (110/148) from children with fever (symptomatic). The highest parasite prevalence was observed in children 6 to 11 years 30% (22/72) for asymptomatic infection; while symptomatic infection recorded 44% (65/110) from 6 months to 5 years of age. Females tends to show a greater prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection with 77% (20/26) and 78% (49/63) for both asymptomatic and symptomatic infections respectively. Parasitemia was, however, not significantly associated with fever (p>0.05). This study confirms that malaria remains a major cause of febrile illness during the early stages of childhood (<5 years). This may however, guide case definition for clinical trials of preventive tools, as well as provide definitions that may improve the precision of measurement of the burden of malaria.
Antiretroviral therapy program accessibility across Lesotho districts’ primary health care centers
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Lesotho, P. O. Roma 180, Lesotho., Nyangu Isabel , Nkosi Zerish Zethu ,   Department of Health Studies, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Muckleuneck Ridge, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Published: May 2024

Most of patients in Lesotho receive health care in primary health care (PHC) facilities which are mostly managed by nurses. PHC facilities, which comprise health center facilities, are settings at which basic health care services (including antiretroviral therapy (ART)) which are affordable and accessible are targeted towards individuals, families, communities or groups. In Lesotho, antiretroviral therapy was initiated in 2001 and the free ART program started in November 2004. As the prevalence of HIV/AIDS remains high in Lesotho (25%), not much is known about the accessibility of the ART program in these settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ART program accessibility in PHC settings of Lesotho. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to November 2015 and quota sampling was used to select nurses involved in the program. A structured self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 197 respondents and it was analyzed using SPSS version 23. It was found that 100% of PHC facilities were managed by registered nurses, registered nurse midwives or nurse clinicians and their professional titles did not affect service provision. The nurses spent an average of 4.6 (CI=3.5-4.9) years at the PHC facilities and had an average of 9.7 (CI=8.5-11.4) years in clinical practice. The mean number of patients was 173 (CI=138-175) and they spent on average 2.7 (CI=2.4-3.0) hours seeking the services. ART and prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services were accessible and offered for 4.5 (CI=4.4-4.7) days every week, but not offered on the same days and in the exact same manner. This was due to nurses’ different preferences resulting from differing staffing patterns and workload. In order to improve the current situation, standardized ART service delivery, driven by coordinated services offered on similar days and performed by staffing patterns in line with patient numbers should be encouraged.
Use of coping strategies among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kaduna Central Senatorial District, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors:   Kaduna State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Kafanchan Campus, Nigeria., Dyages Ephraim Obadiah , Nwaneri Ada Carol ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria., Ani Goodman John ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria., Nwodoh Chijioke Oliver ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria., Toroh Ishaku ,   Kaduna State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Kafanchan Campus, Nigeria., Joseph Jonathan Gimba ,   Kaduna State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Kafanchan Campus, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most complicated and bewildering social challenges faced by contemporary societies due to its strong ties with sexual and societal stigmatized behavior. This study is aimed at assessing the use of coping strategies among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Kaduna central senatorial district. The study was a cross section descriptive design. The instrument used was Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). A sample of 407 participants attending antiretroviral clinic was drawn from four selected General Hospital from the district using multi stage sampling method. The sample size was calculated from the target population of 10,321 patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of IBM SPSS version 23. The major findings of the study revealed PLWHA use the problem focus coping strategy adequately with overall mean of 2.61 and specifically most of them have been taking action to try to make the situation better. The PLWHA also use the emotion focus coping strategy adequately with overall mean of 2.65 and specifically most of them have been getting emotional support from others. However, use of avoidance coping strategy was the highest with overall mean of 2.82, specifically most of them criticized themselves for the condition. The study then concluded that problem focus and emotion focus were adequately used while avoidance strategy was highly used. It was therefore recommended that health workers should adopt different methods of educating the PLWHA especially on their clinic days on how to adopt problem focus coping strategies in other to improve their quality of life.
Determinants of geospatial distribution of parasitaemia among patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ondo State, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria., Omoya Funmilola Oluyemi , Odetunde Elizabeth Toyin ,   Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites which is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It remains one of the most deadly diseases globally and especially in the tropical nations of the world. In the clinical setting, the level of parasitaemia is useful as one of the criteria in defining “severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria” and to monitor the effect of anti-malarial therapy. Mapping is a known vital tool in the control and elimination of malaria globally. In this study, blood samples were collected from 415 malaria infected patients in the outpatient department of 10 randomly selected government hospitals. Coordinates of the patients’ address were taken, geocoding, mapping and cartographic display were carried out. Thin and thick blood smear preparations and microscopy were conducted on the blood samples collected from outpatients attending some selected government hospitals and percentage parasitaemia were determined. Ondo North Senatorial District had the highest mean parasitaemia of 1.06% while Ondo South had the least mean parasitaemia (0.89%). The risk map revealed that majority of patients in Ondo North 26.05% (31/119) and few in Ondo Central 12.73% (21/165) senatorial district had high malaria burden with high parasitaemia (2.62 to 5.1% parasitaemia). Based on the malaria map developed, this study could be used as guide in monitoring the efficacy of antimalarial therapy and provide information for malaria control intervention in Ondo State.
Appraisal of the payment coping mechanism of households affected by cancer among patients attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors:   Plateau State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria., Gaji Luka Dung , Okoronkwo Ijeoma ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria., Ishaku Salamatu ,   Kaduna State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria., Chinweuba Anthonia ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria., Ilo Ijeoma ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria., Ya’u Martha ,   Plateau State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria., Gyang Miriam Nyiri ,   Institute of Human Virology. Abuja, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Cancer is a major public health issue that has impoverishing effects on households. This study assessed the payment coping mechanism of households affected by cancer among patients attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 179 cancer patients attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria during the year 2015. They were recruited using systematic sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to collect data assisted by two research assistants from the oncology clinic. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation and Chi-square was used to test for association between payment coping mechanism utilized by the patients across different socio-economic groups. The payment coping mechanism utilized by majority (78%) of the respondents was own money (salary, earnings, savings), followed by family members (46.6%), gifts from friends and neighbours (29.6%), borrowed money/loan (27.4%) and sale of lands (12.3%). Few respondents (14%) utilized payment coping mechanism from sales of household assets, community based support, cancer association, temporary stoppage of children education, social welfare/social worker, skip appointments and other unidentified mechanisms. This study also revealed that, majority (79.33%) of the respondents were among the lower socio-economic group, 15.64% were among the middle socio-economic group while only 5.03% belong to the upper socio-economic group. The Chi-square test of association revealed that, there is a significant difference p-value of 0.000 < 0.05 between the payment coping mechanisms utilized by cancer patients and their households across different socio-economic groups (lower, middle and upper). Out of pocket spending is the major payment coping mechanism for cancer treatment in the study population. The study recommends that, since cancer management is critical to the survival of the patient, Nigerian health insurance coverage should be expanded to include cancer treatment in order to protect patients and their households from ill-health mediated insolvency.
Monkeypox virus- Identification and significance as a preparedness to enhance public health
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria., Tunde Abdullahi Aborode , Alabere Hafsat Olateju ,   Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Monkeypox virus is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Poxviridae of the genus Orthopoxvirus. This study provides information about identification, incidence and prevalence rate and aetiopathogenesis of the monkeypox virus in Africa and also the study of its epidemiology on human is well explained. However, the study gives details about the clinical manifestation, laboratory testing, mode of transmission and preventive way to cure and reduce the virus. Nevertheless, the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention recommends the use of smallpox vaccine within two (2) weeks of significant exposure and antiviral agents like Cidofovir have also been employed. Improved infection control measures include: regular screening and isolation of newly infected animal, better hygiene habits, and quarantining of infected persons. A better understanding of monkeypox virus would contribute to better management of emergency situations.
Impacts of sudden lifestyle changes due to COVID-19 on mental health: African perspectives
Authors:   Department of Medicine and Surgery, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria., Dawodu Oluwananumi , Aborode Abdullahi ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria., Ozuluoha Chioma Cynthia ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The current outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus infection among humans and its spreading around the globe is heavily impacting on the global health and mental health. Despite all resources employed to counteract the spreading of the virus, additional global strategies are needed to handle the related mental health issues. The aim of this study is to explore the impacts of COVID-19 on people’s mental health, to assist policy makers to develop actionable policies, and help clinical practitioners (e.g., social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists) provide timely services to affected populations.
Statistical simulations of infectious diseases in Southwestern Nigeria (A case study of Ekiti and Oyo State)
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria., Adigun Abimbola K. , Matthew Olaniran J. ,   Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study adopts Markov chain to simulate some infectious diseases in two States (Ekiti and Oyo) of southwestern Nigeria, to describe the situations where the outcome of infectious diseases depends only on the outcome of the previous cases of the diseases. The next state of the process depends only on the present state, not on the preceding states. The main objective of this research is to model infectious diseases in Nigeria using Markov chain approach, determine the transition pattern and the fundamental matrix of the diseases, test for Markovian property of the data and how stationary the process is over time and predict the future prevalence of infectious diseases in the states. Transition probability matrix of how patients move from one state (exposed, infected, immune, recovered and dead) of the diseases to another state revealed that the inhabitants of the two States were highly exposed to infectious diseases. The estimated probabilities, p, of being infected with infectious diseases were higher (0≤p≤1) in Ekiti State than Oyo State (0≤p≤1). This indicates that higher proportions of people in Ekiti State were more infected with infectious diseases than those people living in Oyo State. The future transient state and the probability of reaching the absorption state indicate that about 98% of the populations will be exposed to infectious diseases in the future and about 50% of the dwellers will be immunized and as many that are infected will be recovered if necessary precautions are taken. The study advocates for renewed efforts in the area of prevention, environmental sanitation, vaccination and control of infectious diseases instead of spending billions of naira on curtailing the spread of diseases and medical tourism.
The effect of hike in food price on non-communicable diseases: The impact of under-nutrition
Authors:   Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria., Olushola Osunsanmi Olugbemi , Adesola Adewole Olajumoke ,   Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria., Oyindamola Abdulraheem Hajarah ,   Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria., Sogbenga Soyemi Toluwalashe ,   Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Over the past one year, there has been a drastic increase in the price of food globally particularly in developing countries like Nigeria owing to the country’s high inflation rate, the Covid-19 pandemic, border closure, insecurity, poor storage facilities and other various socio-political reasons. This article evaluated the increase in price of food over the past one year and the potential impact on the incidence of non-communicable diseases. The hike in food price has reduced the access to the appropriate and adequate nutrients needed to meet the body’s nutritional demands, thereby increasing the risk of malnutrition amongst the general populace. This could cause an increase the incidence of non-communicable diseases across Nigeria over time should the price of food remain high.
Predictors for uptake of tetanus toxoid vaccination during pregnancy among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: an analysis of data from the 2015-16 Tanzania demographic and health survey and malaria indicators survey
Authors:   Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, the University of Dodoma, P. O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania., Tungaraza Maximilian Biyemo , Moshi Fabiola Vincent ,   Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, the University of Dodoma, P. O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Published: May 2024

Uptake of TT vaccine among pregnant women is still low in Tanzania, although Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC) recommend all women to receive at least five TT doses in their reproductive life and at least two doses during pregnancy. Little is known about the predictors of TT uptake during pregnancy among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the predictors for uptake of TT among pregnant women using 2015-2016 data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey (TDHS-MIS). A total of 6924 women of reproductive age from 15 to 49 were included in the analysis. Both univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of TT uptake during pregnancy among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. The results show that more than half, 3480 (50.3%) of the study population had either no or one tetanus injection. A total of 3444 (49.7%) had two or more tetanus injection during pregnancy. After adjusted for confounders, predictors of uptake of tetanus vaccination were early antenatal booking (AOR=1.174, CI=1.033-1.335, p=0.014), age between 20 to 34 years (AOR=1.433, CI= 1.155-1.778, p=0.001), age >34 years (AOR=1.379, CI=1.065-1.786, p=0.015), rich (AOR=1.261, CI=1.083-1.468, p = 0.003), para 2 - 4 (AOR=0.401, CI=0.343-0.468, p<0.001), para 5 and above (AOR=0.217, CI=0.178-0.265, p<0.001), having primary education, (AOR=0.864 at 95% CI=0.754-0.99, p=0.035), Unguja (AOR=0.434, CI=0.309-0.609, p<0.001), Pemba (AOR=0.34, CI=0.226-0.512, p<0.001) and adequate ANC visits (AOR=0.649, CI=0.582-0.723, p<0.001). In conclusion, based on the findings of the study, more efforts are need to be increased to ensure young women are mobilized to attend to reproductive and child health clinics for TT vaccination, especially on early ANC booking, and the government should find ways to ensure TT vaccination is accessed to all WRA irrespective of their socioeconomic status.
Prevalence and intensity of hookworm infection in relation to anaemia among primary school pupils in Lafia rural areas
Authors:   Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Imo State, Nigeria, Luka J. ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, P. M. B. 146, Nasarawa State, Nigeria., Okeke P. ,   Facultyof Natural and Applied Sciences, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu, Nigeria., Ombugadu A. ,   Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Imo State, Nigeria., Yina G. I. ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The study was carried out between March to September 2020 to determine the prevalence and intensity of hookworm infection in relation to anaemia among primary school children in Lafia rural areas of Nasarawa State namely Musha, Alawagana, Duglu and Azuba. Four primary schools were randomly selected from the locality and a total of 560 faecal and 69 blood samples were collected and analysed. Out of the 560 faecal samples analysed, 115(20.5%) were infected with hookworm with a Geometric Mean Intensity (GMI) of 436.2 eggs per gram of faeces (epgf). Meanwhile, the prevalence and GMI of hookworm infection were higher in females (21.5%, 76.3 epgf) than in males (19.6%, 71.1 epgf), though no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence between males and females. Age group 10 12 years old had the highest prevalence rate of hookworm infection (26.3%), followed by 13 15 (22.9%), 7 9 (19.2%) and 4 6 (9.0%). There was a strong inverse correlation (r = -0.99) between the intensity of hookworm infection and haemoglobin value. Haemoglobin value decreased with an increase in the intensity of hookworm infection in terms of eggs per gram of faeces. Hookworm infection is therefore associated with anaemia in the study area.
Resistant status and intensity of resistance of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to pyrethroid and organophosphate in Lafia, Nasarawa State Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri,  P.M.B. 1526, Imo State, Nigeria, Luka J. ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, P. M. B. 146, Nasarawa State, Nigeria., Yina G. I. ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Plateau State, Nigeria., Okeke P. ,   Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu, P.M. B 01014,  Thinkers Corner, Enugu, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Monitoring and understanding the trend and dynamics of insecticide resistance are key to devising efficient control strategies. This study was carried out to investigate the resistance status of Anopheles gambiae sl mosquitoes in Lafia, Nasarawa State Nigeria to three pyrethroid (deltamethrin, Alphacypermethrin and permethrin) with concentration of 12.5 µg/bottle each and an organophosphate (pirimiphose-methyl 20 µg/bottle). Larvae and pupae of Anopheles mosquito were sampled within the metropolis and reared to adults in the insectary of Nasarawa State University, Keffi Nasarawa State. Emerged adults of 2 to 5 days old and non-blood fed were tested for resistance using CDC bottle bioassay susceptibility protocol. Results showed that the local mosquitoes species were resistant to all the three pyrethroid (deltamethrin, Alphacypermethrin and permethrin) but showed possible resistant to organophosphate (pirimiphose-methyl) with mortalities of 88, 84, 54, and 95% respectively. Exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as a synergist resulted in the susceptibility (100 and 98%) of mosquitoes to deltamethrin and Alphacypermethrin respectively but resistant (81%) to permethrin. The intensity of resistance of the vector population to pyrethroid was high especially with permethrin. The mosquitoes were only susceptible (100%) to deltamethrin and Alphacypermethrin at X5 concentration and permethrin at X10 concentration. Insecticide based intervention strategy remain the principal vector control measure in malaria endemic countries like Nigeria. Based on the result of this study, future vector control programme should take into consideration the deployment of nets that are treated with alphacypermethrin or deltamethrin combined with PBO (PBO based nets) in the study area or increase the concentration of the pyrethoid insecticides used in this study on long lasting nets after their safety to human is assured.
Susceptibility and resistance status of malaria vectors in five selected communities of Emohua LGA, Rivers State
Authors:   Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria., Woke Vivian Chinasa , Inyama Petrus Uchenna ,   PMI Vectorlink Project, Abuja, Nigeria, Aribodor Denis N. ,   Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria., Ebere Nwabueze ,   Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria., Omalu Innocent Chukwuemeka James ,   Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria., Eke Samuel Sunday ,   Department of Biology, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Malaria is one of the public health problems in many parts of Nigeria. To effectively implement malaria control program, baseline studies of mosquito species abundance and their susceptibility status to insecticides is required. The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility and resistance status of indoor malaria vectors in five communities of Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State. Mosquito larvae were collected from different breeding sites and reared in the insectary and identified morphologically. The knockdown effect was recorded every 10 minutes and mortality scored 24 hours after exposure. Data collected were analysed using statistical software (SPSS) version 20.0. Results of the insecticide susceptibility assay showed that there was comparable progressive knockdown as exposure time increased. Mosquito vectors were found to show resistance to Permethrin (0.75%) with 62% mortality, Deltamethrin (0.05%) showed 47% mortality and Lambdacyhalothrin (0.05%) showed 47% mortality while possible resistance in local mosquitoes against Alphacypermethrin (0.75%) with 97% mortality was suspected in the study areas. This study contributed to the understanding of the susceptibility and resistance of local malaria mosquitoes to insecticides. It is therefore suggested that there is a need for collaboration with the farmers before decision on the choice of insecticides to be used in their communities to avoid overuse of a particular insecticide and the repetition of the same in malaria control.
Socioeconomic and cultural factors driving Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic among female sex workers in Akwa-Ibom (South-south) and Benue (North-central) States of Nigeria
Authors:   Laboratory Lead, Nigeria IBBSS-2020 /Director- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria., Agbo Ejiofor Christopher , Obeta Uchejeso Mark ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Management, Federal School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jos, Nigeria., Ikpeazu Akudo ,   National Coordinator, HIV/AIDs Division, Federal Ministry of Health, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria., Kalada Green ,   Nigerian Centre for Global Public Health/West African Center for Public Health Development (NCGPH/WACPHD), FCT, Abuja, Nigeria (Affiliates of University of Manitoba- Canada)., Ejeckam Chukwuebuka ,   Nigerian Centre for Global Public Health/West African Center for Public Health Development (NCGPH/WACPHD), FCT, Abuja, Nigeria (Affiliates of University of Manitoba- Canada)., Okpara Moses ,   Nigerian Centre for Global Public Health/West African Center for Public Health Development (NCGPH/WACPHD), FCT, Abuja, Nigeria (Affiliates of University of Manitoba- Canada)., Orji Bassey ,   Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Nigeria., Onyeonoro Ugochukwu ,   Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study was aimed at finding out the socioeconomic and cultural factors driving Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) epidemics among Female Sex Workers (FSW) in South-south (Akwa-Ibom) and North-central (Benue) States where the infection prevalence is high in Nigeria. A standardized survey instrument was used in multistage cluster sampling approach in Benue and Akwa-Ibom States using sample size of 415 FSW. The study was done on the classified age brackets between 15 and 49 years with Akwa-Ibom having more participants at 20 to 24 years (32.8%) and Benue at 25 to 29 years (33%). Medical Laboratory Scientists equally carried out three (3) stage HIV testing Algorithm among the FSWs under the study. FSWs were subtyped into Brothel-based Female Sex Workers (BBFSW) and Non-Brothel based Female Sex Workers (NBBFSW). Human Immunodeficiency Virus prevalence in Nigeria from the study is 15.5% with Akwa-Ibom having 11.4% while Benue has 20.2% of their population among Female Sex Workers key population typology respectively. Significant differences exist between the two states in the various socioeconomic factors driving the epidemics among Female Sex Workers. For instance, knowledge of HIV status, knowledge of source of HIV Testing Services (HTS) or medication for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), referrals, knowledge of HIV indicators, their risk perception, knowledge and use of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), stigma and discrimination and age at sexual debut, stigmatization, knowledge, use of PEP and PrEP, inconsistent use of condom, less risk perception and use of alcohol are some of the key factors driving the increased prevalence of HIV among FSW in Akwa-Ibom and Benue States in Nigeria.
Penyuluhan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Menggunakan Zahir Accounting Versi 6.0 pada Bagian Keuangan PT. Andromeda Atria Wisata
Authors: Surur Sayyidah Nafiatus , Tarjo Tarjo
Published: May 2024

Paper ini merupakan paper yang ditulis berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan penyuluhan Zahir Accounting versi 6.0 pada bidang keuangan. Zahir Accounting merupakan software akuntansi yang dibuat untuk membantu proses pencatatan data transaksi perusahaan setiap hari, serta menampilkan laporan keuangan selama satu periode. Tujuan dari penyuluhan ini untuk memberikan pemahaman terkait penyajian laporan keuangan yang akurat serta proses penyusunan laporan keuangan yang efisien dan efektif. Metode yang digunakan pada program ini yaitu dengan pendekatan service learning yang dilakukan selama empat bulan di PT. Andromeda Atria Wisata yang berlokasi di Surabaya. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan pada kegiatan ini yaitu penggunaan software zahir accounting sebagai sistem yang membantu proses penyusunan pada perusahaan dapat memperbaiki kualitas laporan keuangan. Mengimplementasian software zahir accounting sangatlah mudah. Software zahir accounting dapat meminimalisir kesalahan pencatatan dan efisien dalam pengerjaan. Keamanan data keuangan lebih terjamin. Rekomendasi untuk pengguna Zahir Accounting yaitu dengan memahami konsep dasar akuntansi untuk memudahkan dalam menggunakan software dan secara berkala untuk melakukan backup data.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Standar Operasional Prosedur dan Pengelolaan Dana Desa Bomerto Kecamatan Wonosobo Kabupaten Wonosobo
Authors: Hendrayanti Silvia , Fauziyanti Wachidah , Yuli Ernawati Fidyah
Published: May 2024

Desa merupakan organisasi pemerintahan resmi pada tingkatan paling rendah. Setiap desa mempunyai potensi yang berbeda-beda untuk dapat dikembangkan demi kesejahteraan masyarakat desa. Keunikan dari sumber daya dari masing-masing desa ini yang menjadikan satu desa lebih berfokus pada pengembangan yang dilakukan. Dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan pemerintah desa kepada masyarakat sudah terdapat rambu-rambu atau aturan dalam setiap pelaksanaan suatu kegiatan namun tidak tertulis, sehingga prosedur pelayanan yang berjalan hanya berdasarkan kebiasaan dan ketentuan yang selama ini sudah ada. Permasalahan yang lain juga terdapat perangkat desa pada pemerintah desa yang kurang memahami administrasi dan tupoksi (tugas pokok dan fungsinya) dalam menjalankan kewajibannya. SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur) belum ada di kedua desa tersebut baik dalam jobdesk dari masing-masing perangkat, prosedur pelayanan informasi maupun prosedur yang lain. Sehingga hal ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian dari tim pendamping pelaksanaan Pengabdian Dana Desa dalam memberikan pemahaman, penjelasan serta pendampingan pembuatan SOP. Pengelolaan dana desa perlu dilakukan penyesuaian dengan aturan terbaru pemerintah dan juga disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat desa. Beberapa kegiatan mungkin perlu untuk diprioritaskan terlebih dahulu dari pada kegiatan yang lainnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan peninjuan kembali dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi kebutuhan masyarakat desa saat ini. Dalam Pengabdian ini digunakan metode ceramah dan tanya jawab sebagai menyampaikan materi. Output yang di dapatkan dari Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat antara lain tersusunnya Standar Operasional Prosedur Pengelolaan surat masuk dan Keluar, Standar Operasional Prosedur Pelayanan Informasi Publik, Standar Operasional Prosedur Musrenbangder, Standar Operasional Prosedur Jobdesk, Penyusunan prioritas penggunaan dana desa.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan UMKM dengan SIAPIK di Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Aprilia Rachma , Hadi Miftahul , Yustiani Syanni
Published: May 2024

UMKM memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, UMKM masih mengalami banyak kendala dalam perkembangan usahanya. Untuk dapat mengetahui kinerja unit usahanya, maka diperlukan kompetensi penyusunan laporan keuangan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kompetensi UMKM dalam melakukan penyusunan laporan keuangan menggunakan aplikasi SIAPIK. SIAPIK merupakan aplikasi pencatatan dan pelaporan keuangan berbasis web dan android yang dibuat oleh Bank Indonesia. Metode kegiatan pengabdian menggunakan skema pelatihan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan selama 3 bulan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah UMKM sasaran telah mengenal aplikasi SIAPIK sebagai salah satu sarana pencatatan laporan keuangan secara gratis, namun masih terdapat beberapa kendala dalam penggunaan aplikasi SIAPIK oleh UMKM.