bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumental variable analysis: choice of control variables is critical and can lead to biased results
Authors: Hamilton Fergus , Lee Todd C , Butler-Laporte Guillaume
Published: July 2024

Instrumental variable (IV) analysis is a widely used technique in econometrics to estimate causal effects in the presence of confounding. A recent application of this technique was used in a high-profile analysis inJAMA Internal Medicineto estimate the effect of cefepime, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, on mortality in severe infection. There has been ongoing concern that piperacillin-tazobactam, another broad-spectrum antibiotic with greater anaerobic activity might be inferior to cefepime, however this has not been shown in randomized controlled trials. The authors used an international shortage of piperacillin-tazobactam as an instrument, as during this shortage period, cefepime was used as an alternative. The authors report a strong mortality effect (5% absolute increase) with piperacillin-tazobactam. In this paper, we closely examine this estimate and find it is likely conditional on inclusion of a control variable (metronidazole usage). Inclusion of this variable is highly likely to lead to collider bias, which we show via simulation. We then generate estimates unadjusted for metronidazole which are much closer to the null and may represent residual confounding or confounding by indication. We highlight the ongoing challenge of collider bias in empirical IV analyses and the potential for large biases to occur. We finally suggest the authors consider including these unadjusted estimates in their manuscript, as the large increase in mortality reported with piperacillin-tazobactam is unlikely to be true.
A Cost-utility Analysis of Ferric Derisomaltose versus Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia in China
Authors: Zhang F , Shen A , Ahmed Waqas , Pollock Richard F.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Intravenous (IV) iron is the recommended treatment for patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) who are unresponsive to oral iron treatment or require rapid iron replenishment. Ferric derisomaltose (FDI) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) are high-dose, rapid infusion, IV iron formulations that have recently been compared in three head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which showed significantly higher incidence of hypophosphatemia after administration of FCM than FDI. The present study objective was to evaluate the cost-utility of FDI versus FCM in a population of Chinese patients with IDA.

Materials and methods

A previously-published patient-level simulation model was used to model the cost-utility of FDI versus FCM in China. The number of infusions of FDI and FCM was modeled based on the approved posology of the respective formulations using simplified tables of iron need in a population of patients with bodyweight and hemoglobin levels informed by a Chinese RCT of FCM. Data on the incidence of hypophosphatemia was obtained from the PHOSPHARE-IDA RCT, while data on disease-related quality of life was obtained from SF-36v2 data from the PHOSPHARE-IBD RCT.

Results

Over the five-year time horizon, patients received 3.98 courses of iron treatment on average, requiring 0.90 fewer infusions of FDI than FCM (7.69 versus 6.79). This resulted in iron procurement and administration cost savings of RMB 206 with FDI (RMB 3,519 versus RMB 3,312). Reduced incidence of hypophosphatemia resulted in an increase of 0.07 quality-adjusted life years and further cost savings of RMB 782 over five years, driven by reduced need for phosphate testing and replenishment. FDI was therefore the dominant intervention.

Conclusions

Results showed that FDI would improve patient quality of life and reduce direct healthcare expenditure versus FCM in patients with IDA in China.
Modulating delirium through stimulation (MoDeSt): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial assessing the effect of postoperative transcranial electrical stimulation on delirium incidence
Authors: Leroy Sophie , Bublitz Viktor , Grittner Ulrike , Fleischmann Robert , von Dincklage Falk , Antonenko Daria
Published: July 2024

Background:Postoperative delirium (POD) is the most common neurological adverse event among elderly patients undergoing surgery. POD is associated with an increased risk for postoperative complications, long-term cognitive decline, an increase in morbidity and mortality as well as extended hospital stays. Delirium prevention and treatment options are currently limited. This study will evaluate the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) on the incidence of POD.

Methods:We will perform a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial using single-session postoperative application of tES in the recovery room in 225 patients (>65 years) undergoing elective major surgery. Patients will be randomly allocated (ratio 1:1:1) to one of three study groups: (1) alpha-tACS over posterior parietal cortex [2 mA, 20 min], (2) anodal tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [2 mA, 20 min], (3) sham [2 mA, 30 s]. Delirium will be screened twice daily with the 3-minute diagnostic interview Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) in the five days following surgery. The primary outcome is the incidence of POD defined as at least one positive screening during the five first postoperative days compared between tACS and sham groups. Secondary outcomes include delirium severity, duration, phenotype, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, electroencephalographic (EEG) markers, and fluid biomarkers.

Discussion: If effective, tES is a novel, easily applicable, non-invasive method to prevent the occurrence of POD. The comprehensive neurophysiological and biofluid assessments for markers of (neuro-)inflammation and neurodegeneration will shed light on the pathomechanisms behind POD and further elucidate the (after-)effects of tES. The potential implications for the postoperative recovery comprise enhanced patient safety, neurocognitive outcome, perioperative manageability but also reduced healthcare costs.

Trial registration: German Clinical Trial Registry, DRKS00033703, registered on 23 February 2024.
Towards the elimination of cervical cancer in Tanzania, transdisciplinary science for smarter implementation strategies (TRACCTION): a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Mhalu Grace , Dumbaugh Mari , Kipo Daniel , Somba Magreat , Mnzava Dorcas , Bohlius Julia , Mtenga Sally , Merten Sonja
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality for Tanzanian women. Multi-level, intersecting factors prevent access to care along the cervical cancer care cascade. However, there is a paucity of data, especially in non-urban areas, exploring the specificity and nuances of these factors locally, such as perceptions and embodied experiences of cervical cancer, use of traditional medicine, stigma, information generation and circulation and loss to follow up care. TRACCTION is an exploratory, mixed-methods study running from 2023-2025 to expand understanding of barriers to and facilitators of uptake of cervical pre-cancer screening and treatment and cervical cancer care in southeastern Tanzania.

Methods and analysis

Research activities include a two-stage randomised cross sectional survey of women 18 years of age and older, qualitative data collection using diverse, community-based methods and a longitudinal public health facility record linkage of patients accessing cervical pre-cancer screening and treatment. By employing a transdisciplinary approach, TRACCTION will inform a participatory process to formulate cervical cancer education and policy recommendations.

Ethics and Dissemination

This study received ethical approval in Tanzania and Switzerland. Informed written consent will be obtained from each study participant and a waiver of informed consent was obtained to retrospectively analyse public health facility records related to study objectives. A Policy and Technical Advisory Group, comprised of a diverse group of stakeholders including community members, will co-design a policy and service delivery analysis, followed by recommendations and dissemination plans. Study results for each work package will be published in peer reviewed journals and shared at relevant conferences globally.
Classification of interacting Dirac semimetals
Authors: Huang Sheng-Jie , Yu Jiabin , Zhang Rui-Xing
Published: July 2024

Topological band theory predicts a Z classification of three-dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetals (DSMs) at the single-particle level. Namely, an arbitrary number of identical bulk Dirac nodes will always remain locally stable and gapless in the single-particle band spectrum, as long as the protecting symmetry is preserved. In this work we find that this single-particle classification for Cn-symmetric DSMs will break down to Zn/gcd(2,n) in the presence of symmetry-preserving electron interactions. Our theory is based on a dimensional reduction strategy which reduces a 3D Dirac fermions to one-dimensional building blocks, i.e., vortex-line modes, while respecting all the key symmetries. Using bosonization technique, we find that there exists a minimal number N=n/gcd(2,n) such that the collection of vortex-line modes in N copies of DSMs can be symmetrically eliminated via four-fermion interactions. While this gapping mechanism does not have any free-fermion counterpart, it yields an intuitive “electron-trion coupling” picture. By developing a topological field theory for DSMs and further checking the anomaly-free condition, we independently arrive at the same classification results. Our theory paves the way for understanding topological crystalline semimetallic phases in the strongly correlated regime.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Curvature of the chiral phase transition line from the magnetic equation of state of (
2+1
)-flavor QCD
Authors: Ding H.-T. , Kaczmarek O. , Karsch F. , Petreczky P. , Sarkar Mugdha , Schmidt C. , Sharma Sipaz
Published: July 2024

We analyze the dependence of the chiral phase transition temperature on baryon number and strangeness chemical potentials by calculating the leading order curvature coefficients in the light and strange quark flavor basis as well as in the conserved charge (B, S) basis. Making use of scaling properties of the magnetic equation of state (MEoS) and including diagonal as well as off-diagonal contributions in the expansion of the energylike scaling variable that enters the parametrization of the MEoS, allows to explore the variation of Tc(μB,μS)=Tc(1−(κ2Bμ^B2+κ2Sμ^S2+2κ11BSμ^Bμ^S)) along different lines in the (μB,μS) plane. On lattices with fixed cutoff in units of temperature, aT=1/8, we find κ2B=0.015(1), κ2S=0.0124(5) and κ11BS=−0.0050(7). We show that the chemical potential dependence along the line of vanishing strangeness chemical potential is about 10% larger than along the strangeness neutral line. The latter differs only by about 3% from the curvature on a line of vanishing strange quark chemical potential, μs=0. We also show that close to the chiral limit the strange quark mass contributes like an energylike variable in scaling relations for pseudocritical temperatures. The chiral phase transition temperature decreases with decreasing strange quark mass, Tc(ms)=Tc(msphy)(1−0.097(2)(ms−msphys)/msphy+O((Δms)2).

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Fermionic signal of vacuum polarization in strong laser fields
Authors: Dai Ya-Nan , Hatsagortsyan Karen Z. , Keitel Christoph H. , Chen Yue-Yue
Published: July 2024

Vacuum polarization (VP) is investigated for the interaction of a polarized γ-ray beam of GeV photons with a counterpropagating ultraintense laser pulse. In a conventional setup of a vacuum birefringence measurement, a VP signal is the emerging small circular (linear) polarization of the initially linearly (circularly) polarized probe photons. The pair production via the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process in such a high-energy environment eliminates part of the γ photons in the outgoing γ beam, increasing the statistical error and decreasing the accuracy of this VP signal. In contrast, we investigate the conversion of the emerging circular polarization of γ photons into longitudinal polarization of the created positrons, considering the latter as the main VP signal. To study the VP effects in the highly nonlinear regime, where the Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian method breaks down, we have developed a Monte Carlo simulation method, incorporating vacuum birefringence and dichroism via the one-loop QED probabilities in the locally constant field approximation. Our Monte Carlo method will enable the study of VP effects in strong fields of arbitrary configuration. With 10 PW laser systems, we demonstrate the feasibility of detecting the fermionic signal of the VP effect at the 5σ confidence level with a few hours of measurement time.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Double-copy supertranslations
Authors: Ferrero Pietro , Francia Dario , Heissenberg Carlo , Romoli Matteo
Published: July 2024

In the framework of the convolutional double copy, we investigate the asymptotic symmetries of the gravitational multiplet stemming from the residual symmetries of its single-copy constituents at null infinity. We show that the asymptotic symmetries of Maxwell fields in D=4 imply “double-copy supertranslations”, i.e., BMS supertranslations and two-form asymptotic symmetries, together with the existence of infinitely many conserved charges involving the double-copy scalar. With the vector fields in Lorenz gauge, the double-copy parameters display a radial expansion involving logarithmic subleading terms, essential for the corresponding charges to be nonvanishing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Measurement of the Isolated Nuclear Two-Photon Decay in
Ge72
Authors: Freire-Fernández D. , Korten W. , Chen R. J. , Litvinov S. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Sanjari M. S. , Weick H. , Akinci F. C. , Albers H. M. , Armstrong M. , Banerjee A. , Blaum K. , Brandau C. , Brown B. A. , Bruno C. G. , Carroll J. J. , Chen X. , Chiara C. J. , Cortes M. L. , Dellmann S. F. , Dillmann I. , Dmytriiev D. , Forstner O. , Geissel H. , Glorius J. , Görgen A. , Górska M. , Griffin C. J. , Gumberidze A. , Harayama S. , Hess R. , Hubbard N. , Ide K. E. , John Ph. R. , Joseph R. , Jurado B. , Kalaydjieva D. , Kanika  , Kondev F. G. , Koseoglou P. , Kosir G. , Kozhuharov Ch. , Kulikov I. , Leckenby G. , Lorenz B. , Marsh J. , Mistry A. , Ozawa A. , Pietralla N. , Podolyák Zs. , Polettini M. , Sguazzin M. , Sidhu R. S. , Steck M. , Stöhlker Th. , Swartz J. A. , Vesic J. , Walker P. M. , Yamaguchi T. , Zidarova R.
Published: July 2024

The nuclear two-photon or double-gamma (2γ) decay is a second-order electromagnetic process whereby a nucleus in an excited state emits two gamma rays simultaneously. To be able to directly measure the 2γ decay rate in the low-energy regime below the electron-positron pair-creation threshold, we combined the isochronous mode of a storage ring with Schottky resonant cavities. The newly developed technique can be applied to isomers with excitation energies down to ∼100  keV and half-lives as short as ∼10  ms. The half-life for the 2γ decay of the first-excited 0+ state in bare Ge72 ions was determined to be 23.9(6) ms, which strongly deviates from expectations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Benchmarking predictive methods for small-angle X-ray scattering from atomic coordinates of proteins using maximum likelihood consensus data
Authors: Trewhella Jill , Vachette Patrice , Larsen Andreas Haahr
Published: July 2024

Stimulated by informal conversations at the XVII International Small Angle Scattering (SAS) conference (Traverse City, 2017), an international team of experts undertook a round-robin exercise to produce a large dataset from proteins under standard solution conditions. These data were used to generate consensus SAS profiles for xylose isomerase, urate oxidase, xylanase, lysozyme and ribonuclease A. Here, we apply a new protocol using maximum likelihood with a larger number of the contributed datasets to generate improved consensus profiles. We investigate the fits of these profiles to predicted profiles from atomic coordinates that incorporate different models to account for the contribution to the scattering of water molecules of hydration surrounding proteins in solution. Programs using an implicit, shell-type hydration layer generally optimize fits to experimental data with the aid of two parameters that adjust the volume of the bulk solvent excluded by the protein and the contrast of the hydration layer. For these models, we found the error-weighted residual differences between the model and the experiment generally reflected the subsidiary maxima and minima in the consensus profiles that are determined by the size of the protein plus the hydration layer. By comparison, all-atom solute and solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are without the benefit of adjustable parameters and, nonetheless, they yielded at least equally good fits with residual differences that are less reflective of the structure in the consensus profile. Further, where MD simulations accounted for the precise solvent composition of the experiment, specifically the inclusion of ions, the modelled radius of gyration values were significantly closer to the experiment. The power of adjustable parameters to mask real differences between a model and the structure present in solution is demonstrated by the results for the conformationally dynamic ribonuclease A and calculations with pseudo-experimental data. This study shows that, while methods invoking an implicit hydration layer have the unequivocal advantage of speed, care is needed to understand the influence of the adjustable parameters. All-atom solute and solvent MD simulations are slower but are less susceptible to false positives, and can account for thermal fluctuations in atomic positions, and more accurately represent the water molecules of hydration that contribute to the scattering profile.
Non-tariff and tariff impediments affecting spatial competition between the United States and Brazil for soybean shipments to China
Authors: Wilson William , Bullock David W
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study’s purpose is to analyze the effects of trade interventions and non-tariff impediments between the exporters (the United States and Brazil) and China for soybean trade.

Design/methodology/approach

A spatial model is developed and solved using an optimized Monte Carlo simulation (OMCS) and is used to minimize the costs of supplying soybeans to China. The costs included the origin basis; transportation to ports, including trucks, railways and barges; demurrage; and ocean freight. The sum of these charges determines the delivered costs to China from each origin. Most variables are random and correlated. Time-series distributions are based on historical data. Production and exports are highly seasonal and important.

Findings

Base-case flows are highly seasonal, are risky and reflect actual trade. Sensitivities illustrate the effects of mitigating the quality differentials and interpreting a term of the Phase One agreement that purchases would be made so long as the prices are competitive. The results are also used to illustrate the influence of diversifying from the United States as a supplier. Finally, the policy implications are discussed.

Research limitations/implications

Removing the quality discounts for US soybeans raises the US market share by 9%. These results also illustrate that diversification of supply sources is important for the importing country. Indeed, if China were to pursue less diversification import costs and/or risks would escalate. Hence, these results suggest that diversification is an appealing element of an import strategy. The results suggest a large distribution of prices and costs, particularly in Brazil. On average, the United States is most likely to be competitive for only a few months of the year, and the results are highly seasonal.

Practical implications

Competition in supplying soybean to China is extremely competitive and the underlying factors impacting spatial competition are risk, correlated and spatially dependent. In addition to these, there are quality differences, and there are trade policies and strategies that affect competition. The empirical model and results illustrate the intensity of competition in this market as well the impacts of these non-tariff barriers and trade strategies in this market.

Social implications

Important policies have been taken and continue to be under review regarding competition and trade among these countries. These results illustrate the impacts of these policies on market shares and competition.

Originality/value

This problem is important to the world soybean trading sector, and the methodology captures important seasonal and random variables that affect trade flows. The OMCS model is appropriate for this problem and has only been used minimally in the recent literature about commodity trade.
Evaluation of AI content generation tools for verification of academic integrity in higher education
Authors: Saqib Muhammad Bilal , Zia Saba
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The notion of using a generative artificial intelligence (AI) engine for text composition has gained excessive popularity among students, educators and researchers, following the introduction of ChatGPT. However, this has added another dimension to the daunting task of verifying originality in academic writing. Consequently, the market for detecting artificially generated content has seen a mushroom growth of tools that claim to be more than 90% accurate in sensing artificially written content.

Design/methodology/approach

This research evaluates the capabilities of some highly mentioned AI detection tools to separate reality from their hyperbolic claims. For this purpose, eight AI engines have been tested on four different types of data, which cover the different ways of using ChatGPT. These types are Original, Paraphrased by AI, 100% AI generated and 100% AI generated with Contextual Information. The AI index recorded by these tools against the datasets was evaluated as an indicator of their performance.

Findings

The resulting figures of cumulative mean validate that these tools excel at identifying human generated content (1.71% AI content) and perform reasonably well in labelling AI generated content (76.85% AI content). However, they are perplexed by the scenarios where the content is either paraphrased by the AI (39.42% AI content) or generated by giving a precise context for the output (60.1% AI content).

Originality/value

This paper evaluates different services for the detection of AI-generated content to verify academic integrity in research work and higher education and provides new insights into their performance.
Innovative SMEs in Italy. Explaining profitability patterns in inner areas
Authors: Aiello Francesco , Errico Lucia , Rondinella Sandro
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper investigates whether and to what extent operating in inner areas affects the profitability of innovative Italian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) over 2012–2018.

Design/methodology/approach

Guided by the National Strategy for Inner Areas and the “Investment Compact,” this study distinguishes between inner and core innovative SMEs. It employs various econometric models to estimate a regression for the return on assets of SMEs, differentiating between firms operating in inner and non-inner areas of northwest, northeast, centre and south Italy.

Findings

Findings reveal that innovative SMEs in inner areas generally exhibit lower profitability compared to those in non-inner municipalities. However, huge heterogeneity in results is observed across the country. Specifically, innovative SMEs in the inner areas of the south register lower profitability than those operating in non-inner zones. Conversely, innovative SMEs located in the inner municipalities of northwest and northeast Italy show higher profitability than their peers in non-inner areas. The results imply that targeted policies for inner areas are crucial. However, due to the diversity of local impacts, a differentiated approach, depending on the geographic context, is necessary.

Originality/value

The study aims to explore the relationship between inner areas and the performance of innovative SMEs in Italy. More precisely, it examines the effect of operating in a municipality located within an inner area on the profitability of innovative SMEs. This issue has been overlooked in existing literature. Importantly, we aim to determine whether there is a heterogeneous impact based on geographical localisation, specifically in the Northwest, the Northeast, the Centre and the South of the country. Therefore, this paper contributes to the literature by investigating the factors influencing the performance of innovative SMEs and suggesting new policy recommendations for developing inner areas in Italy.
A one-year prospective study of organizational justice and work attitudes: an extended job demands-resources model
Authors: HO Henry C.Y.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Organizational justice plays a crucial role in shaping employee work attitudes. This study examines how and when procedural, distributive, interpersonal, and informational justice affects employees’ affective commitment and work engagement. The research is grounded in an extended job demands-resources model, incorporating the social identity theory. The integrated model hypothesizes that all four dimensions of organizational justice positively influence employees’ commitment and engagement by fostering organizational identification. Furthermore, it is posited that this cognitive-affective process is particularly significant when employees face high job demands, as opposed to low job demands.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-wave prospective study was conducted with a sample of 400 employees in the social and personal services industry in Hong Kong, China. Data were collected at baseline, three months, and one year.

Findings

The findings support the hypothesized conditional indirect associations between organizational justice (procedural, distributive, and informational justice) and both measures of work attitudes.

Practical implications

This study highlights the importance of fair, ethical, and just procedures, resource distribution, and communication in organizations, particularly in stressful industries. Employers and supervisors are encouraged to adopt employee-oriented management practices, foster positive leader-member exchange relationships, and acknowledge and reward valuable contributions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature on organizational justice by elucidating its underlying cognitive-affective mechanism and identifying the boundary conditions under which it operates.
Reducing barriers to help-seeking in ethnic minorities in the USA: a call for increased adoption of alternative mental health approaches
Authors: Okafor Francis Onyemaechi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to inherent barriers to help-seeking, particularly those caused by increased globalization and diversification of our societies. It explores the underutilization of mental health resources by ethnic minority groups while highlighting some alternative treatment approaches with growing evidence bases.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a literature review and comparative analysis of relevant studies, the author makes a case for increased adoption of alternative therapies; citing the evidence base for the most promising treatments which include exercise therapy, mindfulness-based therapies, yoga for depression and spirituality-based therapies. It further compares the efficacy and advantages of these therapies with common mainstream therapies.

Findings

In comparison, some alternative treatment modules are just as effective, if not better than traditional, mainstream therapies for certain ailments. In conclusion, the paper calls for increased research on the efficacy of alternative therapies; and beckons service providers to explore the potential for these therapies to bridge the gap in treatment towards a more inclusive and client-centered mental health care.

Originality/value

The author provides a plethora of thought-provoking ideas in this article. For instance, he tendered a different outlook on barriers to treatment by differentiating between accessibility challenges versus underutilization. He also highlights the critical impact of Eurocentrism as a contributor to barriers to treatment utilization.
The measure of meaning: redefining success in patient-oriented research
Authors: Rao Sandy , Jardine Rae , Satam Laetitia , Dalley Kaiden
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This manuscript aims to consider traditional success metrics in patient-oriented research (POR) using insights from the Helping Enable Access and Remove Barriers To Support for Young Adults with Mental Health-Related Disabilities (HEARTS) study.

Design/methodology/approach

Through collective reflexivity, this manuscript underscores the inadequacy of current evaluation standards that focus primarily on quantifiable outputs.

Findings

The findings suggest that significant systemic challenges persist, including ageism and discrimination, which undermine the efforts of POR.

Practical implications

This manuscript argues for an expanded evaluation encompassing traditional metrics and integrating emotional, experiential and community impact measures. Such an approach is crucial to capturing POR's comprehensive effects and fostering a research environment that values inclusivity, supports well-being and ensures responsive and equitable research practices. Thus, aligning with the transformative goals of POR, aiming to enhance the quality and impact of health research and reflect the profound personal and communal transformations that are as significant as the outcomes they facilitate.

Originality/value

This manuscript represents an emancipatory approach to POR, distinguished by its authentic co-authorship model. Uniquely, it is composed in collaboration with young adults who are experts in experience and coresearchers. These co-authors bring invaluable first-hand insights that both critique and enrich our understanding, enabling them to actively shape the discourse and direction of future POR research. This collaboration ensures the development of more relevant, grounded and transformative approaches in mental health research, thereby enhancing the pertinence and impact of these findings in real-world settings.
Research on torque measurement in flight test for all-moving horizontal tail based on spiral driver
Authors: Min Meng , Xian Jiang , Tenglong Gao , Yufei Ping
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Torque is one of the main loads acting on the aircraft wing, the horizontal tail and the vertical tail. In flight load measurement, due to the significant influence of the bending moment and the shear force on the strain gauge, the accuracy of torque measurement is usually low. Therefore, aircraft torque measurement is difficult. Based on the characteristics of a certain type of horizontal tail, a measurement method for the torque with high accuracy was proposed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

A new simplified torque measurement method for the all-moving horizontal tail was proposed based on the spiral driver. The feasibility of the method and key points of the tests were analyzed and studied through a virtual load calibration test.

Findings

Based on the results of the real load calibration test, the torque load equation with high accuracy was established, and the torque measurement was achieved in load flight tests.

Research limitations/implications

However, the proposed method is based on the structure of the spiral driver. If there is generally no spiral driver at the aircraft wings and vertical tails, then the appropriate torque measurement method needs to be derived according to the specific object.

Originality/value

The research in this paper provides a new idea for the torque measurement of aircraft structures, which can be used for the torque measurement of subsequent aircraft types.
Music festivals research in the hospitality and tourism industry: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Kement Uzeyir
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Music festivals are categorized as event management in the hospitality and tourism (H&T) industry. Additionally, music festivals or events are a continuous phenomenon in the context of the hospitality and tourism industry. In this study, a bibliometric approach was proposed to examine research that addresses both the H&T industry and music festivals.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 462 studies covering the years 1981–2024 were retrieved from the Scopus database. The study analyzed keywords, institutions, sources, countries, and titles. During the analysis phase, descriptive analysis, clustering, thematic mapping, and relationship networks were employed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer analysis programs.

Findings

As a result of the analysis, the most frequently used keywords were “tourism” and “festival,” with the most prolific author being Kruger M., the most productive country being the United States of America, and the leading journal being Event Management. Seven different clusters emerged from the networking of keywords. In the thematic map, the motor themes were music festivals, experience, social media, and co-creation. The basic themes were festival, music, tourism, event management, market segmentation, and music tourism. The emerging or declining themes were culture, music events, and COVID-19. Finally, the niche theme was entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications

It’s noted that this research solely utilized the Scopus database and publications such as chemistry and mathematics, were excluded. The findings were limited to bibliometric analysis, and future studies could include content and thematic evaluations.

Social implications

The research is useful in understanding how music festivals socially direct tourists and their future perspectives. On the other hand, determining the global status of scientific publications regarding music festivals with high social and economic impact is important for proper planning and sustainability of such events.

Originality/value

Music festivals are an important type of event in terms of mobility in the H&T industry. In this respect, it is in a state of change and development over the years. This research examined publications about music festivals in the H&T industry from the past to the present with a bibliometric approach. In this way, the development of publications produced on the relevant subject was revealed.
The Decision Relevance of Loan Fair Values for Depositors
Authors: CHEN QI , VASHISHTHA RAHUL , WANG SHUYAN
Published: July 2024

Using a large sample of U.S. commercial banks from 1994 to 2019, we find that loan fair values are highly relevant for depositor decision making. A one‐standard‐deviation decrease in loan fair value performance is associated with more than 10% lower uninsured deposit flows than the sample average. Information in fair values about loan credit quality is quite limited and cannot account for the bulk of the relevance. Instead, consistent with models of bank fragility, the relevance seems to stem more from information on the decline in loan liquidation values, triggering panic‐based withdrawals motivated by (self‐fulfilling) expectations of withdrawals by other depositors. The findings inform the cost‐benefit tradeoff of reporting loan fair values.
Navigating competing tensions: A qualitative study of experiences and perceptions of leadership among emergency medicine doctors
Authors: Rayner Suzanne , Richards Hayden , Lee Georgie B , Lee Elleanor , Rixon Andrew
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Emergency medicine (EM) doctors are often required to manage a diverse set of complex challenges; navigating direct patient care, systemic issues and inter‐professional interactions. Leadership is well recognised as crucial in optimising both the delivery and the quality of patient care. There is a clear need to gain greater understanding of the reality of EM leadership through exploring doctors' experience and perception of leadership in EM, yet there is a paucity of research focusing on this area. The objective of the present study was to explore the research question: ‘What are the experiences and perceptions of leadership by EM doctors?’

Methods

This single‐site qualitative study was undertaken using semi‐structured in‐depth individual interviews to collect data. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and de‐identified. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed by the research team with the aid of DelveTool software.

Results

Our sample included nine participants incorporating consultants and registrars. Three major themes were identified: (i) situational tensions, (ii) relational tensions and (iii) leadership style tensions. Each of these was further explored with subthemes discussed separately.

Conclusions

Leadership within the ED is complex and multifaceted, with doctors required to navigate many competing tensions. The present study highlighted key areas for future leadership development, including situational awareness, emotional intelligence and a fluid approach to leadership styles. The present study provides an important step towards enhancing the development of targeted leadership training for EM doctors.
move2: R package for processing movement data
Authors: Kranstauber Bart , Safi Kamran , Scharf Anne K.
Published: July 2024

Studying animal movement is key to understanding ecological processes and studying the impacts of global change. The pivotal importance of collecting movement data drives technological development, and as a consequence, movement trajectories are gathered at unprecedented rates.

For the analysis of the ever‐increasing volume of movement tracks, software packages that bridge between data storage, analysis and visualization are crucial. To facilitate analysis, it is key that the metadata, as well as projections, measurements units, and attributes for the track as a whole and auxiliary sensor measurements, are retained. At the same time, the software needs to be flexible enough to accommodate data from the multitude of different sources and tracking technologies.

Here, we present the newly developed R package move2 that facilitates import, manipulation, analysis and visualization of movement tracks. The package enables the usage of new programming techniques developed in recent years and has been developed based on the experiences made in the past decade with the move package.

The package is tightly integrated into the Movebank ‘ecosystem’ by being a key data format in MoveApps and providing a direct download option from movebank. However, move2 allows the integration of movement data sources of any provenance, providing a generic entry point for movement data analysis in R.
Allergen‐specific B cell responses in oral immunotherapy‐induced desensitization, remission, and natural outgrowth in cow's milk allergy
Authors: Satitsuksanoa Pattraporn , van de Veen Willem , Tan Ge , Lopez Juan‐Felipe , Wirz Oliver , Jansen Kirstin , Sokolowska Milena , Mirer David , Globinska Anna , Boonpiyathad Tadech , Schneider Stephan R. , Barletta Elena , Spits Hergen , Chang Iris , Babayev Huseyn , Tahralı İlhan , Deniz Gunnur , Yücel Esra Özek , Kıykım Ayca , Boyd Scott D. , Akdis Cezmi A. , Nadeau Kari , Akdis Mübeccel
Published: July 2024

Background

Antigen‐specific memory B cells play a key role in the induction of desensitization and remission to food allergens in oral immunotherapy and in the development of natural tolerance (NT). Here, we characterized milk allergen Bos d 9‐specific B cells in oral allergen‐specific immunotherapy (OIT) and in children spontaneously outgrowing cow's milk allergy (CMA) due to NT.

Methods

Samples from children with CMA who received oral OIT (before, during, and after), children who naturally outgrew CMA (NT), and healthy individuals were received from Stanford biobank. Bos d 9‐specific B cells were isolated by flow cytometry and RNA‐sequencing was performed. Protein profile of Bos d 9‐specific B cells was analyzed by proximity extension assay.

Results

Increased frequencies of circulating milk allergen Bos d 9‐specific B cells were observed after OIT and NT. Milk‐desensitized subjects showed the partial acquisition of phenotypic features of remission, suggesting that desensitization is an earlier stage of remission. Within these most significantly expressed genes, IL10RA and TGFB3 were highly expressed in desensitized OIT patients. In both the remission and desensitized groups, B cell activation‐, Breg cells‐, BCR‐signaling‐, and differentiation‐related genes were upregulated. In NT, pathways associated with innate immunity characteristics, development of marginal zone B cells, and a more established suppressor function of B cells prevail that may play a role in long‐term tolerance. The analyses of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in specific B cells demonstrated that IgG2 in desensitization, IgG1, IgA1, IgA2, IgG4, and IgD in remission, and IgD in NT were predominating. Secreted proteins from allergen‐specific B cells revealed higher levels of regulatory cytokines, IL‐10, and TGF‐β after OIT and NT.

Conclusion

Allergen‐specific B cells are essential elements in regulating food allergy towards remission in OIT‐received and naturally resolved individuals.
Concomitant tricuspid valve surgery in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hwang Bridget , Doyle Mathew , Williams Michael L. , Joshi Yashutosh , Iyer Arjun , Watson Alasdair , Jansz Paul , Hayward Chris
Published: July 2024

Background

Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a predictor of right heart failure (RHF) and increased mortality following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, however the benefit of tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) at the time of LVAD implantation remains unclear. This study compares early and late mortality and RHF outcomes in patients with significant TR undergoing LVAD implantation with and without concomitant TVS.

Methods

A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted for studies comparing patients with moderate or severe TR undergoing LVAD implantation with or without concomitant TVS. Meta‐analysis was performed for primary outcomes of early and late mortality and RHF. Secondary outcomes included rate of stroke, renal failure, hospital and ICU length of stay. An overall survival curve was constructed using aggregated, reconstructed individual patient data from Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves.

Results

Nine studies included 575 patients that underwent isolated LVAD and 308 patients whom received concomitant TVS. Both groups had similar rates of severe TR (46.5% vs. 45.6%). There was no significant difference seen in risk of early mortality (RR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.57–1.42; p = 0.64; I2 = 0%) or early RHF (RR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66–1.19; p = 0.41; I2 = 57) and late outcomes remained comparable between both groups. The aggregated KM curve showed isolated LVAD to be associated with overall increased survival (HR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05–1.93; p = 0.023).

Conclusions

Undergoing concomitant TVS did not display increased benefit in terms of early or late mortality and RHF in patients with preoperative significant TR. Further data to evaluate the benefit of concomitant TVS stratified by TR severity or by other predictors of RHF will be beneficial.
Fun, flirtation and fear: Selfies in teenage girls digital exchange cultures
Authors: Janak Raksha , Bhana Deevia , Reddy Valerie
Published: July 2024

This paper explores teenage girls' engagement with digital images on social media. Using new feminist materialism, we foreground digital images as an assemblage of materialities (human and more‐than‐human) filled with affective potentials that materialise in/capacities. Drawing from interviews and focus group discussions, we show how the production and sharing of selfies through posting and sexting unlocked new ‘becomings’ through expressions of heterosexual desirability and pleasure but also generated fear through sexual objectification, sexual double standards and harassment. A recognition of digital images as materially embodied through which unequal gender power relations materialise is vital to addressing online sexual risk.
Trueness and fit of complete‐arch implant‐supported frameworks in new‐generation additively and subtractively manufactured polymers: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Yilmaz Burak , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Güven Mehmet Esad , Jamjoom Faris Z. , Kahveci Çiğdem , Schimmel Martin , Çakmak Gülce
Published: July 2024

Background

There is limited knowledge on the fabrication trueness and fit of additively or subtractively manufactured complete‐arch implant‐supported frameworks in recently introduced polymers.

Purpose

To evaluate the trueness and marginal fit of additively or subtractively manufactured polymer‐based complete‐arch implant‐supported frameworks, comparing with those of strength gradient zirconia frameworks.

Materials and Methods

A typodont model with 4 implants (left first molar (abutment 1), left canine (abutment 2), right canine (abutment 3), and right first molar (abutment 4)) was digitized (ATOS Core 80 5MP) and an implant‐supported complete‐arch framework was designed. This design file was used to fabricate frameworks from 5 different materials: strength gradient zirconia (SM‐ZR), high impact polymer composite (SM‐CR), nanographene‐reinforced PMMA (SM‐GR), PMMA (SM‐PM), and additively manufactured temporary resin (AM) (n = 10). These frameworks were digitized and each scan file was virtually segmented into 4 regions (abutments, occlusal, overall without occlusal, and overall). The surface deviations at these regions, and linear and interimplant distance deviations were evaluated (Geomagic Control X). Marginal gaps were evaluated according to triple‐scan protocol after seating frameworks on the model with the 1‐screw test. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).

Results

Surface deviations of all regions differed among tested materials (p ≤ 0.001). AM frameworks mostly had surface deviations that were similar to or lower than those of other materials (p ≤ 0.031), except for the occlusal surface, where it mostly had higher deviations (p ≤ 0.013). Abutment 4 of SM‐CR had higher linear deviations than abutment 2 (p = 0.025), and material type did not affect the linear deviations within abutments (p ≥ 0.171). Interimplant distance deviations differed within and among materials (p ≤ 0.017), except for those between abutments 1 and 2 among materials (p = 0.387). Marginal gaps of subtractively manufactured materials differed among abutments, while those of abutments 3 and 4 differed among materials (p ≤ 0.003). AM frameworks mostly had lower marginal gaps at abutments 3 and 4 (p ≤ 0.048).

Conclusions

Although there was no clear trend among tested materials for measured deviations, marginal gaps of additively manufactured resin were mostly lower than those of subtractively manufactured materials and did not differ among abutment sites. Nevertheless, the differences in measured deviations among materials were small and marginal gaps were within the previously reported acceptability thresholds.