bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planned but ever published? A retrospective analysis of clinical prediction modelling studies registered on clinicaltrials.gov since 2000
Authors: White Nicole , Parsons Rex , Borg David N , Collins Gary , Barnett Adrian
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To describe the characteristics and publication outcomes of clinical prediction model studies registered on clinicaltrials.gov since 2000.Design: Retrospective descriptive analysis.Data sources: Information from clinicaltrials.gov records at the time of download and corresponding web histories, PubMed abstracts and metadata, based on searches by National Clinical Trials (NCT) number.Selection criteria: Observational studies registered on clinicaltrials.gov between 1 January 2000 and 2 March 2022 describing the development of a new clinical prediction model or the validation of an existing model for predicting the individual-level prognostic or diagnostic risk.Data extraction: Eligible clinicaltrials.gov records were classified by modelling study type (development, validation) and the model outcome being predicted (prognostic, diagnostic). Recorded characteristics included study status, sample size information, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and plans to share Individual Participant Data. Publications describing results from clinical prediction modelling were searched for each record after their reported study start date (last updated 17 November 2023).Results: 928 records were analysed from a possible 89,896 observational study records. Publications searches found 170 matching peer-reviewed publications for 137 clinicaltrials.gov records. The estimated proportion of records with one or more matching publications after accounting for time since study start was 2.8% at 2 years (95% confidence interval; CI: 1.7% to 3.9%), 12.3% at five years (9.8% to 14.9%) and 27.8% at ten years (22.6% to 33.0%). Stratifying records by study start year indicated that publication proportions improved over time. Records tended to prioritise the development of new prediction models over the validation of existing models (75.9%; 704/928 vs 24.1%; 182/928). At the time of download, 27.2% of records were marked as complete, 35.2% were still recruiting, and 14.7% had unknown status. Only 7.4% of records stated plans to share individual participant data.Conclusions: Published clinical prediction model studies represent a fraction of current and ongoing research efforts, with many studies planned but not completed or published. Improving the uptake of study preregistration and follow-up will increase the visibility of planned research. Introducing additional registry features and guidance may improve the identification of clinical prediction model studies posted to clinical registries.
THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN THE FORMATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL CHARACTER OF THE CHILD: A SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: Nafisa Nahdia Ilma
Published: December 2023

The role of family and education has a crucial role in shaping character from an early age. Families can shape a child's character through positive examples, support for emotional and social development, and careful supervision. On the other hand, education contributes to shaping character through a curriculum that is integrated with character building, an approach that prioritizes moral values, and learning experiences that stimulate character development. This study aims to investigate the important role of the family in the formation of children's educational character with a sociological approach. In the ever-changing context of modern society, the family is considered the main agent that plays a crucial role in shaping the character of children. This article outlines the social concepts that influence the character-building process, focusing on the role of the family as the main socializing agent. From a sociological perspective, this study identifies the dynamics of social relationships in the family as a determining factor in shaping the character of children's education. The results of this study are expected to provide additional insights for education practitioners, parents, and related parties in increasing understanding of the role of the family in the process of character formation of children. The implications of this research can also make a positive contribution to the development of educational policies and family support programs to create an environment that supports positive character development in children.
Why mega-earthquakes appear in flat landscapes?
Authors: Liu Qiuyun
Published: December 2023

Mega-quakes require the lifting of large earth crust. For slower decelerations of large mass, the stress generated has increasingly smaller vertical local component on the crust further to the east or to the northeast, such as off the pacific coast of Japan or east to Tibet. For faster accelerations of small mass such as the pacific plate off the coast of Americas, the closer crust has smaller local vertical component. When the stress across a large flat slope cancels out the weight of the crust simultaneously, mega-quakes occur.
ANALISIS STUDI KOMPERATIF HARGA DAGING AYAM DI CIREBON DAN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Rahman Jessica , Faradilah Devi yanti , Nabilah Minhatun , Irawati Lulu Lusy , Mutmainnah Siti
Published: December 2023

Chicken meat is one of the meats that plays quite an important role in meetingpeople's nutritional needs, because it contains a lot of protein and other substances such as fat, minerals, vitamins which are important for smoothing metabolic processes in the body. This research aims to analyze the comparison of chicken meat prices in two regions,namely Cirebon and Majalengka. The collection technique uses primary data, namely by means of interviews, surveys and direct observation in the field. The approach technique uses quantitative descriptive data analysis because this type of data can be measured or calculated directly and in the form of information or explanations expressed in numbers or in the form of numbers from survey results into processed statistical data. The research results show that there are significantdifferences prace in chicken meat between the two regions. Area Majalengka has ahigher price for chicken meat compared to the Cirebon area.
Childfree dalam Pandangan Islam
Authors: Az-Zahro Fatimah
Published: December 2023

The issue of childfree is widely discussed. the decision not to have children in a marriage considered a release from the burdens of life. This article about the issue of childfree uses qualitative methods by analyzing content as the basis for research, includes a discussion regarding childfree itself, the reasons why married couples make the decision to be childfree, and a study of the arguments related to childfree.The research results show that The Qur'an does not prohibit married couples from not having children and childfree also does not impose an obligation to have children
The Role of Religion in the Formation of Social Values and Norms of Multicultural Societies
Authors: Rizqi Yusril Ihsa Nur
Published: December 2023

A multicultural society is one filled with differences. These differences are created from several factors including, geographical location, regional conditions, and others. Social values and social norms are needed in order to create harmony and harmony between communities. Because of this plurality, conflict is inevitable. This phenomenon occurs as a result of the flow of globalization through the development of digital technology. The identity crisis experienced by some societies presents social changes that have an impact on declining morals or ethics. Religion through its institutional units or figures plays an important role in reshaping the values and social norms left behind. The formation of social values and norms uses religious teachings that contain various social problems. This shows that religion is not only a rite practice, but also a practical social practice. Religious educational institutions have a central role in the formation of social values and norms as well as social control in multicultural societies. The role of religion in the formation of social values and norms is so significant, that it cannot be denied that the existence of religion is still needed.
Pentingnya Menanamkan Sikap Cinta Terhadap Budaya dan Kearifan Lokal dalam Masyarakat Kontemporer di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Zahro Nur Syifa Az
Published: December 2023

Artikel ini membahas mengenai pentingnya sikap cinta pada budaya dan kearifan lokal dalam masyarakat kontemporer di era globalisasi.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan kajian literatur review yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan informasi dan melakukan analisis melalui sumber bacaan buku-buku, karya ilmiah, dan jurnal. Masyarakat kontemporer adalah masyarakat yag hidup setelah era reformasi atau masyarakat saat ini (masyarakat modern). Indonesia terkenal dengan keragaman serta kekayaan budaya yang memiliki keunikan disetiap daerah nya masing-masing. Akan tetapi kebudayaan ini dapat menjadi boomerang apabila kita sebagai masyarakatnya tidak menjaga dan merawatnya dengan baik. Adapun tantangan yang dihadapi dalam meletaikan budaya lokal salah satunya yaitu kurang nya minat generasi muda dalam menjaga dan merawat kebudayaan serta kearifan lokal. Untuk itu upaya yang dapat dilakukan salah satunya yaitu memberikan pemahaman pada generasi millenial akan pentingnya kearifan lokal sehingga dapat memberikan kesadaran para diri mereka. Adapun cara yang sederhana yang dapat kita lakukan sebagai bentuk cinta kita terhadap budaya lokal dan kearifan lokal yaitu dengan cara membeli produk buatan dalam negeri, ikut serta berpartisipasi dalam kebudayaan lokal dan kearifan lokal, dan masih banyak lainnya.
Sustainable Living Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Key Studies on Zero Energy Homes
Authors: White Alexis , Zimmerman Shaylee , Gurney Timothy , Ortega Guzman Ruby , Branum Jackson , Cleland Michael , Jasso Rebecca , Nega Yoel , Adams Lillian , Yates Angela , Suswaram Megha , Follett Daniel , Westhoff Zachary
Published: December 2023

The journey to achieve Net Zero Energy in residential areas has progressed slowly. However, in recent times, the research behind accessing Net Zero has become more consistent. This paper discusses the steps to be taken in terms of technology, energy consumption, and energy efficiency to reach the goal of Net Zero. The timeline has been changed throughout discovering new and improved ways to complete the goal. Still, the main obstacle is in the form of timely accessibility and affordability to the average citizen. Contributions to Net Zero can only be attained through efforts from individuals, the industry, and lawmakers. As other countries have taken steps to reach their goals of Net Zero, the United States has been slow in processes. It has minimally implemented tax breaks in hopes of raising affordability. Still, the tax breaks are not significant enough to change each individual's life, therefore not motivating individuals to take on the personal responsibility of upgrading their homes. Unfortunately, this is insufficient, and policymakers and lawmakers must take more measures to invoke a paradigm shift in the country's housing sector. This paper collected 68 sources focusing on HVAC systems, cost ability, Photovoltaic systems, regional projects, etc. Through economic and functional use analysis, this paper determined the steps needed to continue achieving Net Zero Energy through homes.
Investigation of Liquefaction Potential in Sands Mixed with Gravel
Authors: luo wenbo , wen Zhuoqiang
Published: December 2023

Liquefaction is one of the significant hazards associated with earthquakes. It was previously believed to occur mostly in clean sands; however, recent research has shown that liquefaction can occur in specific conditions in sands mixed with fine or coarse particles. Numerous studies have been conducted on clean sand, while limited research has focused on sands mixed with silt. Nevertheless, the liquefaction resistance of sands mixed with coarse particles has received less attention in previous studies. This research investigates the liquefaction potential of sand mixed with gravel using cyclic triaxial testing. The experiments were performed on Ottawa sand mixed with various percentages of gravel. The study evaluates the influence of parameters such as relative density and gravel percentage on the liquefaction resistance of the mixed soil. The results indicate that the gravel percentage and relative density of the samples significantly affect the liquefaction potential.
The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Interconnectedness of Physical, Psychological, and Role Functioning following Physical Trauma: A Network Analysis
Authors: Enting Manon , de Jongh Mariska , Joosen Margot , Bakker Marjan , van der Kruijssen Daphne , Geuze Ruth , Kupper Nina
Published: December 2023

Objective. Surviving physical trauma can have a large impact on one’s daily life. Patients are at increased risk for poor physical health, psychological complaints, and problems in role functioning – which is often experienced simultaneously. The present study explores the interconnectedness of physical, psychological, and role functioning during the first two years post-injury, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally from a network perspective.Methods. 3785 trauma patients (Mage = 64.2 years, SDage = 18.9 years, 50.5% female) completed questionnaires on physical, psychological, and role functioning across six measurement occasions during the first two years post-injury. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was retrieved from the local trauma registry. Mixed graphical network models and cross-lagged network models were estimated to examine which items of recovery played a central role and were mostly related to other items in cross-sectional and longitudinal networks respectively.Results. The cross-sectional networks showed especially strong interconnections between impairments of physical and role functioning and also within post-traumatic stress symptoms. The longitudinal networks extended these results by showing that pain, impaired mobility, limitations in self-care, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and several post-traumatic stress symptoms were strong predictors for impairments in functioning at later stages of recovery.Conclusion. Our findings showed that impairments in physical, psychological, and role functioning experienced by trauma patients are largely intertwined across the two years following injury. Monitoring physical impairments and psychological complaints early in recovery can help to more promptly provide the best fitting aftercare for trauma patients, which can improve recovery on the long-term.
The Problem of Dependency
Authors: Pilditch Toby , Hahn Ulrike , Lagnado David
Published: December 2023

It is a wide-spread assumption that multiple pieces of evidence, whether they involve measurements or testimony, provide stronger evidential support when they are independent than when they are not. The standard view is that non-independence creates redundancy and leads to over-confidence (see e.g., Soll, 1999; Nisbett & Ross, 1980). In keeping with this, fields as diverse as law, statistics, and philosophy have sought to understand the implications of non-independence and set out rules for dealing with it. In this paper, we set out how the challenges posed by non-independence are both far more wide-spread and more challenging than typically assumed. Specifically, we review how Bayesian probabilistic analysis reveals “simple” inference cases that conflict with wide-spread assumptions about the value of independence. These suggest that mere intuition is not a reliable guide in this arena. However, we then show that the same framework cannot (in its current form) be scaled to common real-world situations even in principle. We conclude with a discussion of the more modest, partial, solutions that are currently available and outline possible future directions.
No impairment of contextual fear memory consolidation by oxytocin receptor antagonism in male rats
Authors: Sherman Emily R , Li jialu , Cahill Emma Nuala
Published: December 2023

Oxytocin is a peptide released into brain regions associated with the processing of aversive memory and threat responses. Given the expression of oxytocin receptors across this vigilance surveillance system of the brain, we investigated whether pharmacological antagonism of the receptor would impact contextual aversive conditioning and memory. Adult male rats were conditioned to form an aversive contextual memory. The effects of peripheral administration of either the competitive antagonist Atosiban or noncompetitive antagonist L-368,899 were compared to saline controls. Oxytocin receptor antagonism treatment did not significantly impact the consolidation of aversive contextual memory in any of the groups. We conclude that peripherally antagonism of oxytocin signalling did not impact the formation of aversive memory.
Capturing Fingerprint Expertise with Protocol Analysis
Authors: Corbett Brooklyn , Tangen Jason Marcus
Published: December 2023

In this study, we used think-aloud protocols to compare how 44 fingerprint examiners and 44 novices analyse prints. Through this qualitative approach, we discovered several notable differences. The experts focused on local ridge characteristics and minute details of each print, while the novices concentrated more on global features. Additionally, the experts demonstrated adaptability in dynamically planning their systematic approach, and integrated specialised knowledge of causal factors affecting prints. In contrast, the novices relied more on general intuition. Furthermore, experts consistently displayed critical thinking and metacognition, carefully weighing the reliability of each identifying feature before making conclusions. However, there was variation in the precise decision-making approaches among experts. Overall, these findings reveal the substantial complexity, adaptability and domain knowledge enhancing expert performance in fingerprint analysis. We discuss implications including balancing training of intuitive and analytical reasoning, implementing more detailed documentation, incorporating falsification practices, and driving statistical advancements to strengthen evidence evaluation.
“Really, he dased the cat to the boy?” Two-year-olds exploit grammatical and thematic content to learn novel verb meanings
Authors: Massari Giulio , Moscati VIncenzo , Fievet Anne-Caroline , de Carvalho Alex
Published: December 2023

Infants can exploit the syntactic context verbs appear in to guide verb learning: a mechanism known as syntactic bootstrapping (e.g., Gleitman, 1990). For instance, two-year- olds typically interpret a novel verb like ‘blicking’ as referring to a causal event between two participants when listening to transitive sentences containing two arguments (‘She is blicking the baby’), but not to intransitive sentences containing one argument (‘She is blicking’: Yuan and Fisher, 2009). However, it remains a matter of debate whether infant’s bootstrapping representations exploit a simple matching relation between the number of nouns in a sentence and participant roles in the event (Yuan, Fisher, and Snedeker, 2012), or a hierarchically structured mapping between syntactic positions and thematic roles (Perkins et al., 2018). To investigate this issue, here we tested toddlers’ ability to learn verb meanings by relying on sentences’ grammatical content, rather than on the linear sequence of nouns present in a sentence. To do this, we manipulated the syntactic structure children needed to parse, but not the number of nouns in a sentence.Following the Preferential Looking paradigm of Yuan and Fisher (2009), we presented French-learning 30-month-olds with dialogues introducing a novel verb in either ditransitive sentences containing three noun phrases (‘Le papa a dasé le bébé à la maman - Daddy dased the baby to the mom’), or conjoined-object transitive sentences, also containing three noun phrases, in the same linear order (‘Le papa a dasé le bébé et la maman - ‘Daddy dased the baby and the mom’). Toddlers were later asked to look for ‘daser’ while watching two different events, containing three characters each: one depicted a transfer action, while the other one a causative action with a bystander (see Figure 1). Our results showed that children looked more to the transfer video after having heard the novel verb in the ditransitive condition than in the conjoined-object transitive condition (*p=.023: see Figure 2). Sentence types differed only by a functor (the dative-assigning preposition ‘à-to’ vs. the conjoining operator ‘et-and’): therefore, children’s success in our task suggests that they can go beyond the strategy of expecting the number of nouns in a sentence to match exactly the number of participants to the event. Rather, toddlers seem to base their inferences on a structured syntactic representation which takes into account thematic relations, as suggested by their knowledge of ditransitive morphosyntax and its semantic correlates. This study provides direct evidence that grammatical content, not just number matching, drives syntactic bootstrapping from the first years of language acquisition.
Utilizing the Framework of Construal Level Theory: An Empirical Study on the Connection between Psychological Distance and Individuals' Willingness to Pay
Authors: Heisenberg Gernot
Published: December 2023

The goal of this study was to investigate whether the willingness to pay (WTP) depends on the construal level and on the four psychological distances (temporal, spatial, hypothetical and social). Due to the fact that an abstract (global, detached) mind set is activated with greater distance, it is assumed that WTP increases concurrently. An online survey with N = 202 participants was carried out, including a total of 24 closed questions. In line with the assumption, test subjects showed a higher WTP with an increase in spatial, hypothetical and social distance. Only the results with respect to temporal distance showed the opposite. With regard to the combination of two psychological distances, no major effect on the WTP was shown as well as no influence of income on the level of WTP was found. Only in near temporal and spatial context the results did indicate a difference in WTP due to the income of the subjects.
Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Study of Houttuynia cordata Thunb: A Review
Authors: Sharma Hari Devi , Lamichhane Janardan , Gurung Smriti , Oliya Balkumari
Published: December 2023

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a medicinal herb belonging to a family Saururaceae distributed in East Asian Country. It has long been used as edible vegetable and traditional medicine in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Many studies describe Houttuynia cordata as predominant in bioactive compounds such as volatile oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols, steroid and polysaccharides. H. cordata has varieties of pharmacological properties including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral antioxidative, anticancer and antimutagenic effects. This review aimed to collect the comprehensive information on efficacy of Houttuynia cordata with its ethnobotanical value and also provide knowledge into disease prevention and treatment. This study summarizes detailed information about ethnomedicinal value of H. cordata from searching the keywords “Uses of Houttuynia” in Google Scholor, Pubmed, Science direct and screened out articles related to ethnobotanical value. The review concluded that H. cordata has significant potential for use in pharmaceuticals and functional foods, given its numerous health benefits and low toxicity. This study suggests that, it is necessary to identify actual bioactive metabolites and understand pattern of traditional use of the plant in different location of Nepal.
Social Biases and Equity Investment Decisions of Individual Investors: Behavior Finance Perspective
Authors: Sapkota Mohan Prasad , Bhandari Shiva
Published: December 2023

Individual investors may not always pose a rational decision on stock market and heavily guided by their behavioral and social biases. This study is delineated to examine the role of social factors in the decision-making process of individual investors. This study is based on quantitative research approach and utilized a 5-points Likert type closed-end structured questionnaire survey to collect the data from 269 individuals, invested in the firms listed at Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). This study utilized reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and ordinary least square (OLS) method. Evidence indicates that herding, social interaction and media effect shows the positive influences on equity investment decision process of the investors. Finally, this study justified that social biases play the significant role for equity investment decisions of the individual investors through excessive follow the humor of the market place, over or under reaction of the information about securities, follow the suggestions and recommendations of peers, friends, family members and neighbors along with highly depend upon news, social medias and information of so-called experts of capital market that leads to investment mistakes. Hence, investors should strongly follow the proper information about stock and market, utilize their own knowledge about information processing and analysis, and try to reduce the biases while making decisions through information analysis and processing that may downsize the irrational decisions.
Exploring Teachers’ Experiences on the Construction and Use of Teaching Materials in Mathematics Classroom: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Basnet Lok Bahadur
Published: December 2023

Teachers' experience and knowledge with the construction and use of teaching materials influences the teacher's classroom activities. This study intended to explore mathematics teacher's experience on the construction and use of teaching materials in the classrooms. This study used a narrative inquiry approach to explore the use and construction of teaching materials in mathematics teaching, focusing on the experiences of mathematics teachers from secondary schools in Dang district of Nepal. The findings suggest that the experienced mathematics teachers used only text-books and whiteboards as teaching materials. They did not use additional teaching materials in their mathematics classrooms at the beginning of their careers. Further, with the help of in-service teacher training, the research participants got the knowledge and skills to construct and use teaching materials, like the prism models, pyramids, cones, and cylinders. Furthermore, the findings also suggested that the teachers do not use these teaching materials regularly due to poor classroom management and overwork load. The findings of this study can be helpful for mathematics teachers, teacher trainers, school administrations, and policymakers for meaningful mathematics teaching and learning.
Amphibian diversity and their association with water quality: A case study of the ponds of Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Hyongaju Sandhya , Karmacharya Dikpal Krishna , Shrestha Madan Krishna
Published: December 2023

Amphibians are noteworthy bio-indicators and bio-control agents. They have an intimate relationship with their aquatic environment. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the association of amphibian diversity with the Physicochemical factors of pond water. The field surveys were carried out in Rani Pokhari, Bhajya Pokhari and Gonga Pokhari of Bhaktapur Municipality during the rainy season using repeated visual encounter surveys and opportunistic observations. Surveys were made around the ponds from 06:00 to 09:00 and from 18:00 to 21:00 once a week spending three hours per visit walking along the perimeter of ponds. Water samples were collected from the four corners of each pond. The physicochemical analyses of sample water were carried out as per the scientific instrumentations and standard procedures. A total of 77 individuals of five different species of amphibians belonging to three families were documented from the study areas. The higher values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H=1.34), and Simpson’s reciprocal index (1/D=3.656) were recorded for Rani Pokhari. All the ponds exhibited a high degree of Pielou’s evenness index (e>0.9). The physicochemical analysis indicated a favourable aquatic environment for amphibians in Bhajya Pokhari and Rani Pokhari and the least favorable aquatic conditions in Gonga Pokhari which supported only few tolerant species. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient between Shannon-Wiener diversity index and physicochemical factors revealed a positive association with temperature (r=0.997), transparency (r=0.695) and dissolved oxygen (r=0.353) while a negative association with pH, electrical conductivity, free CO2, total dissolved solids and alkalinity. The water quality of the ponds of Bhaktapur is in healthy condition for the existence of amphibians and other aquatic organisms. The information obtained is useful for implementing amphibian and pond water conservation management. In addition, this study has established baseline database of amphibians for Bhaktapur district which is valuable for the local government to maintain biodiversity profile of the district.
Association between cigarette smoking and Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Thapa Deeptara Pathak , Amatya Bibush , Rana Arnija , Ray Sumit , Piya Smriti , Amrita
Published: December 2023

Acne is a disease involving pilosebaceous unit commonly affecting adolescents. Acne has a multifactorial aetiology but in recent years, studies have shed some light in the relationship between cigarette smoking and acne. As previous studies linking cigarette smoking and acne had produced conflicting results, we conducted this study to provide comprehensive information of cigarette smoking and its association with acne in Nepalese population. The study comprised all participants who met the inclusion criteria as well as a control group that was age and sex matched. The demographic profile, smoking history, previous history, drug history, and examination results were entered into a pre-set proforma. There were a total of 100 cases of acne patients (Group A) with age and sex-matched 100 controls (Group B). There were 69% females and 31% males. The majority of the acne patients (Group A) were students in 65%, as compared to 42% in control group. In group A, 95% never smoked and 5% were smokers (cigarettes). In group B, 98% never smoked and 2% were smokers (cigarettes). The commonest site of acne lesions was in face 64. Among the acne patients there were 27% mild acne, 58% moderate acne and 15% severe acne. There was no association found between cigarette smoking and acne (OR- 2.57, 95% CI -0.4884 to 13.6173, P>0.05). There was no correlation between acne and smoking in Nepalese population. However, a larger sample size is recommended to confirm the correlation.
Self-employment and disability
Authors: Norstedt Maria , Germundsson Per
Published: December 2023

In many countries, self-employment has become a common strategy for achieving inclusion in the labour market. Studies show that the occurrence of self-employment depends not only on individual motives, but also on existing policies and support. In Sweden, labour market measures to include people with disabilities are primarily organized to achieve inclusion through traditional forms of employment, though one tool offered by the Swedish Public Employment Service is Support to Start a Business. One part of this support is exclusive to people with disabilities. Although the Swedish Public Employment Service is responsible for this specific support, they collaborate with both external state-funded and non-profit actors who assess applicants’ business ideas.
Drawing on the methodological approach of institutional ethnography, this article explores how the in-house frontline workers and external actors describe their professional roles, how they make decisions and what the chain of action looks like at multiple sites. Nine representatives from the various organizations that people can meet with when trying to start and run their own business have taken part in semi-structured interviews.
The analysis identifies different institutional practices that overlap when people with disabilities apply for support to start their own business: one focusing on the efficient allocation of resources, and the other on the individual’s social and financial welfare by protecting the individuals these organizations meet with from risks connected to economy and health. These two practices reflect a long-standing conflict between control and support in objectives within both labour market policy and social work. This support of self-employment for people with disabilities is organized by actors who traditionally have not been studied in research on social work.
Migrant healthcare assistants’ decision to work in long-term care
Authors: Hervie Vyda Mamley
Published: December 2023

In high-income countries, population ageing has a significant impact on the labour force and care demands. As a result, the tendency is to rely on migrant workers to meet workforce and care demands. Drawing on insights from Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, this study focused on unskilled migrant healthcare assistants in Norway’s long-term care. The objectives were to explore factors influencing the decision of unskilled migrant healthcare assistants to work in elderly care, sources of knowledge about work in elderly care, and challenges encountered in elderly care work. The key research questions were as follows: a) What factors influence the decision of migrant healthcare assistants to work in elderly care? b) What are the sources of knowledge/information about work in elderly care for migrant healthcare assistants? c) What are some of the challenges of working in elderly care for migrant healthcare assistants? Qualitative research and purposive sampling were used to recruit 20 participants: 13 unskilled migrant healthcare assistants and seven managers of long-term care facilities in South-Eastern and Northern Norway. Data were collected using in-depth individual interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, and thematically analysed.
Findings indicated that factors influencing unskilled migrant healthcare assistants' decision to work in the elderly care sector included cultural norms and values of caring for older people, nonrecognition of overseas qualifications and economic considerations. State-organized language learning programmes, Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV) offices, as well as migrant family and community networks, provided crucial information about work in elderly care. Challenges regarding lack of career progression, temporary working contracts, low status and poor wages emerged. In conclusion, meaningful employment outcome through better opportunities for career progression are essential for unskilled migrant healthcare assistants’ well-being and care for older people. It would be useful for long-term care policymakers and stakeholders to address the challenges faced by its aged care workforce.
Subjective theories on solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the desire for sanctioning “non-solidaric” behaviour
Authors: Wüstner Kerstin
Published: December 2023

Solidarity was perceived to be of great importance during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the expected vaccination against COVID-19. Showing any hesitancy was often declared as a lack of solidarity. This paper focuses on three research questions: (1) How did laypeople perceive solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) How did they react to people hesitant to vaccination? (3) What consequences could that have had for health promotion and society? In order to understand subjective theories of laypeople on solidarity during the pandemic – and on vaccination against COVID-19 in particular, 1 858 bottom line comments on ten different internet articles were analysed. As a result, laypeople often shared the idea that vaccination was an act of solidarity. Focusing on those who were hesitant, they attributed this to a lack of cognitive and social competence. Furthermore, the expected consequences of vaccination hesitancy were described, which in turn justified a wide range of suggested sanctions. They included discrimination and exclusion, as well as a desire for personal damage. Finally, possible effects on society are discussed.
Malignancy smells in the air: widespread eroded, hemorrhagic, and lichenified plaques in an older man
Authors: ISMAYİLOV Rashad , UYAROĞLU Oğuz Abdullah , KAPAR Berkay , ÖZDEDE Murat , ATES OZDEMIR Deniz
Published: December 2023

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with underlying neoplasia. It is typically characterized by painful mucosal erosions and dark, patchy skin eruptions. A 66-year-old male was admitted to the internal medicine outpatient clinic with complaints of suddenly started rashes, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, weakness, and unexplained gross weight loss. The patient was cachectic and physical examination revealed widespread eroded, erythematous, thick-middle, yellow-pitted, lichenified plaques on bilateral arms and legs and the hands and feet dorsum. Scattered seborrheic keratosis lesions on the trunk were also detected. He had microcytic anemia with elevated CA 19-9 measures. Abdomen computed tomography showed a malignant mass in the antrum. Endoscopic biopsy of the gastric mass revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma composed of discohesive signet ring cells and skin punch biopsy was compitable with paraneoplastic pemphigus.

In patients with rapidly developing skin lesions with constitutional symptoms, underlying malignancies should be kept in mind.
The “What” and “Why” of (Un)Ethical Evaluation Practice: A Meta-Narrative Review and Ethical Awareness Framework
Authors: Onyura Betty , Main Emilia , Barned Claudia , Wong Alexandra , Vo Tin D. , Chandran Nivetha , Torabi Nazi , Hamza Deena M.
Published: December 2023

There is growing recognition of the complex moral and ethical tensions associated with evaluation practice. However, there are scant evidence-informed frameworks for cultivating ethical awareness or informing ethical deliberation across the evaluation landscape. Thus, we aimed to synthesize research evidence on evaluation ethics, and draw on these findings to develop an evidence-informed evaluation ethics framework. Our methodological approach involved, first, conducting a meta-narrative review of empirical studies on evaluation ethics. Specifically, we conducted a systematic peer-reviewed and grey literature search, then identified, extracted, and thematically organize data from 20 studies that meet inclusion criteria. Second, in consultation with an ethicist, we curated findings on ethical concerns within an integrated evaluation ethics framework. Our results illustrate six thematic patterns of research inquiry on evaluation ethics and highlight trends, and gaps. The ethics framework (ACAP) we develop includes four multi-faceted categories. It outlines six Accountabilities (where ethical consideration is owed), illustrates how ethical Concerns can manifest in practice, and outlines diverse stakeholder groups’ Agency over the management of ethical concerns. Critically, it outlines five meta-categories of ethical principles (P) including systematic and transparent inquiry, accordant self-determination, fairness, beneficence and non-maleficence, and reflexive stewardship. Implications for priming ethical awareness, navigating ethical conflicts, and advancing evaluation ethics education and research are discussed.
Some aspects of pedagogical technologies of preparation for a reasonable process of engagement in physical exercises of students of higher education institutions
Authors: Boyko G.N. , Kozlova T.G. , Sharafutdinova S.U.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work was to clarify the views of the authors on the preparation for a meaningful process of physical exercises of students of higher education through the methodical use of certain pedagogical technologies. In the process of carrying out the tasks of the research, the views of scientists on the medical features of preparing students for the conscious perception of the technological calculation of health-improving classes with physical exercises were clarified, the rationality of preparation for psychophysical training was substantiated.

The work presents a vision of the algorithmic order of student training (self-control - spectrum of classifications of physical exercises - characteristics of physical load) to the conscious perception of motor activity; it is emphasized that the condition of its success is the thematic proximity of the training process to the future professional activity (professional-applied physical training).

The novelty of the research should be considered the forms and methods proposed by the authors of introducing psychophysical training technologies into the generally accepted educational process of physical education of students (the use of relaxing exercises with the simultaneous understanding of the dynamics of muscle loads as an influence on the functions of one's body through self-suggestion and analysis of the dynamics of functional and psychological states. In the vision scientists, in conditions of extremity of the military situation and psychological tensions, the development of such educational areas is relevant.

The conclusions generalize the algorithmic sequence of preparing students for the conscious performance of physical exercises considered in the publications of the authors of scientific and pedagogical literature (formation of self-control skills; mastering the knowledge of classification characteristics of physical exercises, characteristics of physical load; mastering technologies to coordinate the proportions of volume, intensity and nature of rest); emphasize the urgent need to prepare for the use of psychophysical training exercises as methods of relieving emotional tension.
The influence of sports games on the state of health and level of physical fitness in the applicants of the higher education institutions
Authors: Riadova Liliana , Rozhkov Vladyslav , Podmaryova Iryna , Tykhonova Asia
Published: December 2023

One of the important components of the student education system is physical education.

The main task of physical education in higher education institutions is to preserve and strengthen the health of students during their studies while ensuring an adequate level of their psychophysical readiness for future professional activities.

Physical education classes in higher education institutions address the task of preserving and improving health, increasing the level of physical fitness and performance, and forming a sustainable motivation for systematic physical exercise among students.

Among the wide variety of physical education tools used for the comprehensive and harmonious development of the applicants of the higher education sports games are one of the leading ones.

Sports games include many different team and individual sports games. The most popular of these in Ukraine are volleyball, basketball, football, tennis, bowling, billiards, handball, badminton, and table tennis.

Sports games such as football, volleyball, basketball, handball, table tennis, badminton, and tennis play an important role in the system of physical education of the applicants of the higher education The article examines the impact of systematic training in badminton, basketball, volleyball, handball, table tennis, tennis and football on the health and physical fitness in the applicants of the higher education institutions.

It is established that the use of sports games: badminton, basketball, volleyball, handball, table tennis, tennis, football in physical education classes in the applicants of the higher education institutions contributes to improving health and increasing the level of physical fitness.

The variety of sports games and knowledge of their focus allow the applicants of the higher education institutions to choose which sports game to attend according to their preferences and goals.
Development of NUS key competencies through game activities in primary school
Authors: Shevchuk O. P. , Bielicova N. O.
Published: December 2023

Game activity as one of the effective teaching methods plays an important role in the formation of key competencies of primary school students. The article identifies and systematizes the peculiarities of the development of key competencies of primary school students through the use of game activities in physical education lessons. The competence-based approach to the implementation of the key reform of schooling «New Ukrainian School» through the formation of key competencies is indicated: communication in the state language; communication in foreign languages; mathematical competence; basic competencies in natural sciences and technologies; information and digital competence; lifelong learning skills; initiative and entrepreneurship; social and civic competence; cultural awareness and expression; environmental literacy and healthy lifestyle. Different approaches to the formation of key competencies of junior schoolchildren in physical education lessons through game activities are revealed. The game competence is characterized as the ability of a child to understand, create and participate in various games, which includes physical activity, joint interaction with peers, development of strategic and tactical thinking during the game, as well as the ability to follow the rules of the game and sports ethics. Further elaboration of the problem of developing students' key competencies through game activities is emphasized.
Characteristics of changes in the level of resistance of mixed martial arts athletes to a stress stimulus in the conditions of different force load regimes
Authors: Shtefiuk Ivan , Savenko Andrii , Kyselitsa Oksana , Shelekhova Tatyana , Stepchuk Nadia
Published: December 2023

The presented article is devoted to the study of the problem of developing effective strength training regimens for mixed martial arts athletes, taking into account the specifics of this sport and determining the level of resistance of their body and the manifestation of processes of long-term adaptation to a stressful stimulus of the appropriate nature. The purpose of the study was to study the characteristics of the change in the level of resistance of the body of mixed martial arts athletes under the conditions of the use of power load regimes with different parameters of volume and intensity. 75 athletes aged 19±0.7 years, who were divided into 3 groups, took part in the research. The following research methods were used: theoretical and methodological analysis of data from scientific and methodological literature, control testing of the development of maximum muscle strength of athletes, a method of quantitative assessment of the level of physical exertion in power sports, biochemical methods of controlling the concentration of cortisol in the blood serum of participants, a pedagogical experiment, mathematics - statistical methods of processing results. The results of the study indicate that mainly in the athletes of group 3, who during the 12 weeks of the study used a regime of high-intensity loads (Rа=0.72) under the conditions of anaerobic-lactate type of energy supply of muscle activity, we observe the most accelerated growth rates of the power capabilities of the pectoral m muscles on the background of the lowest load volume indicators in a separate set among the groups. At the same time, under the given conditions of training activity, the level of the body's resistance to such a stress stimulus of a force orientation is maximally increased in such a short period of time among athletes of the 3rd group. At the same time, in the athletes of the first group under the conditions of using the mode of low-intensity power loads (Rа=0.53), not only a minimal shift in relation to the investigated problem was detected, but also a fixed manifestation of compensatory reactions to the stressful stimulus.