bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of additional heat treatment on struc-ture and microhardness of high-strength steel shipbuilding
Authors: Korotovskaya S. V. , Nikitina V. R. , Khlusova E. I. , Ushanova E. A.
Published: October 2023

The paper studies kinetics of austenitic grain growth (when heating) and the peculiarities of phase transformations (when cooling) that depend on the manufacturing technology of high-strength steel. The method of vacuum etching has been applied to reveal former austenitic grain boundaries in steel. It is shown that the necessary homogeneous structure in morphology and dimensions of structural elements in martensitic steels is formed under the influence of additional quenching from furnace heating with tempering after quenching from rolling heating.
Thermomechanics of Al–Cu–Li alloy plastic flow
Authors: Lukina E. A. , Kochubey A. Ya. , Medvedev P. N. , Zhuravleva P. L.
Published: October 2023

Flat compression tests of Al–Cu–Li alloys are made. Samples deformed in isothermal conditions at deformation value ε = 55%, in strain rate intervals 10–3–10–1 s–1 and temperatures 400–480°C. The empirical equations connecting thermomechanical parameters of Al–Cu–Li alloys deformation are received. The hightemperature deformation mechanism diagrams (DMD) Al–Cu–Li alloys are plotted. Temperature and strain rate mechanisms action areas of hot deformation and warm deformation are specified. It is shown that the warm deformation area on DMD is equal to the dynamic poligonization area on structural conditions diagram, and the hot deformation area is equal to the partial recrystallization area.
Functional-gradient carbon fiber-reinforced plastic based on epoxy matrix modified with thermoplastic elastoplast
Authors: Andrianova К. A. , Khalikov A. A. , Bezametnov O. N. , Amirova L. M.
Published: October 2023

Modification of epoxy binders with butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomers was used to obtain functional-gradient carbon plastics with increased impact resistance. Samples were made and comparative tests of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics for resistance to impact loads and compression after impact were carried out. It is shown that smooth change of modifier concentration at transition from the external surface of the part to the internal one allows to increase effectively the impact strength of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic while maintaining the rigidity of the composite material.
Lightweight thermo- and heat-resistant composite materials based on polyimide foam
Authors: Polotnyanshchikov K. S. , Yudin V. E. , Svetlichny V. M. , Vaganov G. V.
Published: October 2023

A prepolymer foaming composition based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride methyl ester and diamines: 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and m-phenylenediamine for the production of high-temperature polyimide foam (PIF) is proposed. The p ossibility o f u sing P IF a s a b inder f or c omposite materials (foam composites) reinforced with carbon or organic fibers with low density (0.4–1.1 g/cm3) a s a result of foaming of the binder during the formation of the foam composite is shown. The density and mechanical properties of the foam composite can vary within a relatively wide range depending on the volume content of the fiber and air pores. The high glass transition temperature of 260°C, combined with the high thermal stability of carbon or polyimide fibers, contributes to the retention of the mechanical properties of such composites at elevated temperatures. The temperature of the start of mass loss of the foam composite must be at least 550°C, and it depends on the type of fibrous material. The combination of the excellent thermal and mechanical properties of lightweight PIF composites, together with the exceptional fire resistance of polyimide materials, may provide new applications in advanced aircraft and shipbuilding technologies.
An improved method for determining the diffusion transformations of austenite under isothermal conditions. Part 1. Analysis of standard diagrams and the possibility of using an improved isothermal transformation diagram in the diffusion region
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Smirnova D. L.
Published: October 2023

The improved method of determination of diffusion transformations of austenite under isothermal conditions is considered. The applicability of standard diagrams in determining the conditions of pre-heat treatment at the stage of cooling after forging (accumulation stage) of large-sized billets is evaluated.
An improved method for determining the diffusion transformations of austenite under isothermal conditions. Part 2. Isothermal transformation diagrams and their role in prescribing heat treatment regimes
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Smirnova D. L.
Published: October 2023

The improved method for determining diffusion transformations of austenite under isothermal conditions is considered. The applicability of standard diagrams in determining the conditions of preheat treatment at the stage of cooling after forging (accumulation stage) of large-sized billets is evaluated.
Chemical-thermal treatment technology for manufacturing parts of electrical equipment for automobile transport
Authors: Alexandrova N. М. , Aliev A. A. , Filippov G. А.
Published: October 2023

The state of technology and equipment for thermal and chemical-thermal treatment used for manufacturing of the main parts of starters, ignition distributors, generators has been analyzed. It is noted that the technical level of these technologies and equipment does not meet modern requirements. Technologies of carburization in solid carburizer and cyanidation in liquid medium often lead to formation of unstable parameters of diffusion layer on the surface of parts and finally to “spot” hardness and intensive wear of parts during operation.In order to modernize the processes of cementation and cyanidation, environmentally friendly technologies of chemical-thermal treatment have been developed, which provide stable parameters of the diffusion layer, thereby contributing to the improvement of the operational characteristics of automotive transport electrical equipment products.
Study of the mechanism of nucleation of single crystals from Re–Ru-con-taining nickel superalloys with a given spatial crystallographic orientation from the seeds of the Ni–W–Re–C system with a liquidus temperature of 1550–1600°C
Authors: Toloraya V. N. , Ostroukhova G. A.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the mechanism of nucleation of single crystals of a given crystallographic orientation from rhenium-ruthenium containing nickel superalloys from the seeds of the Ni–W–Re–C system with a liquidus temperature of 1550–1600°C
Softness of consonants in the oral speech of Russian-speaking bilinguals in Germany and monolinguals in Russia
Authors: Vikhrova Anastasia Yu. , Lypkan Tatiana V.
Published: October 2023

The softness of Russian consonants in the oral speech of two generations of Russian-speaking bilinguals in Germany and monolinguals in Russia is explored. The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of studying the inherited Russian language of bilinguals, comparing the phonetic features of the speech of different generations of bilinguals, as well as their comparison with the features of the speech of Russian native speakers living in Russia, the need to study the state of the Russian language in the diaspora. The research is aimed at identifying the i-glide between the consonant and the subsequent vowel, which indicates the softness of the consonant. The material of the research was 300 syllables with soft consonants in voice recordings of phonetically representative texts developed in 1988 by S.B. Stepanova and used for many years as a universal tool for studying the phonetic aspect of oral speech. Auditory phonetic analysis of combinations of a soft consonant and a subsequent vowel, instrumental analysis with the Praat computer program (version 6.0.26), comparative analysis of the data were applied. The analysis of 300 syllables with soft consonants in various positions in the word showed that in the speech of bilinguals there are cases of i-glide absence: 83 cases (27%) in the speech of children and 32 cases (10%) in the speech of parents. It was proved that such cases most often occur with sonants, soft affricates, as well as some labial and dental consonants in the middle of a word. In the speech of monolinguals, there are almost no such cases. Russian speech in Germany is influenced by the phonetic system of the German language, however, most bilinguals (both children and adults) retain i-glide between a soft consonant and a vowel, which is characteristic of the Russian language. Comparison of the results of studying consonant softness with the results of studying their voicedness shows that softness is a more stable phonetic feature of Russian consonants compared to voicedness. The data obtained may be useful not only to linguists, but also to the authors of Russian language textbooks for bilingual children, as well as Russian language teachers working in German schools.
Lexical features of Russian speech of bilinguals in Germany and monolinguals in Russia: an experimental study
Authors: Kovrizhkina Daria G. , Moskovkin Leonid V.
Published: October 2023

The results of the comparison of lexical features of Russian speech of four groups of respondents are presented: 1) adult Russian-German bilinguals aged 35-50 who moved to Germany in the 1990-2010s; 2) their children aged 10-15 who were born in Germany or moved to Germany at an early age; 3) adult monolinguals aged 35-50 living in St. Petersburg; 4) their children aged 10-15. The relevance of the research is, on the one hand, in the importance of studying the state of the Russian language in the families of Russian compatriots living abroad, its preserving and developing, and on the other hand, in the need to supplement the existing data on the speech development of bilinguals with new facts. The research is aimed at comparing lexical features of Russian speech of two generations of bilinguals in Germany and monolinguals in Russia. The material of the research includes transcripts of picture story recordings from the book of M. Mayer “Frog, where are you?”. The methods of the research are observation, data systematization and statistical processing, comparison, quantitative and qualitative interpretation of data. The authors found out the average proportion of lexical norms violations in the stories of informants and among them the proportion of word substitutions, word omissions and superfluous words insertion. The types of word substitutions, their percentage, and their reasons were determined. The similarity of lexical norms violations in the speech of children (bilingual and monolingual), conditioned by general laws of speech development, was revealed. The conclusion is made about the relatively stable Russia lexical system in the diaspora, at least in the two groups of Russian-German bilinguals studied, and about its similarity with the lexical system of monolinguals. Some parts of the lexical system of the Russian language of bilingual children aged 10-15 years undergo changes, but these changes do not violate its integrity.
Syntactic features of Russian speech of two generations of bilinguals and monolinguals: a complex sentence
Authors: Tskhovrebov Alan S. , Shamonina Galina N.
Published: October 2023

The study is devoted to the syntactic characteristics of the Russian speech at the level of a complex sentence of two generations of Russian-German bilinguals: the speakers of inherited Russian, aged 10-15, who were born in Germany or came to Germany at an early age, and their parents, aged 35-50, who moved to Germany in 1990-2010, and the Russian monolinguals of the same age, living in Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of exploring complex sentences in oral speech, as well as the need to analyze the syntactic level of Russian speech of the inherited language speakers. The aim of the study is to analyze the deviations in using complex sentences in the stories of two generations of Russian-German bilinguals and to compare them with similar deviations in the stories of Russian monolinguals. Research material: transcripts of story recordings based on pictures from the book “Frog, where are you?” by M. Mayer. Linguistic observation, descriptive, statistical and comparative methods were applied. The average share of deviations from syntactic norms in the informants' stories was revealed, the violations were ranked according to their structural types. The most typical deviations, connected with the organization of a complex sentence parts, the use of connective and correlative words, were established. It is noted, that the speech of children has much more deviations from syntactic norms, than the speech of their parents. This fact is explained by a higher level of education of parents. In the speech of bilinguals, more deviations from syntactic norms were revealed than in the speech of monolinguals, which is caused by the different status of the Russian language in Germany and Russia. The conclusion is made about the perspective of the structural approach to the analysis of the syntactic features of the oral speech of different categories of Russian native speakers at the level of a complex sentence.
Early code-switches in young Russian bilingual siblings
Authors: Chirsheva Galina N.
Published: October 2023

The number of bilinguals and multilinguals of all age groups, including the youngest ones, constantly grows in many countries of the world, which explains the topicality of the study. While researchers explore various aspects of bilingual development, linguists concentrate their efforts on the analysis of bilingual speech, including code-switches. The author deals with Russian-English code-switches in the utterances of two siblings at the earliest stages of their bilingual development - before they were 36 months old. The children had acquired two languages since their first month in a monoethnic Russian family, their first language being Russian and their second (non-native) language being English. The aim of the study is to reveal specific structural, semantic, and pragmatic characteristics of mixed utterances observed in early code-switches of the siblings. The author argues that children’s code-switches at the earliest stages within one family reflect specific features of the communicative situations where children have to cope with the choice between the two languages spoken by their adult interlocutors. It is shown that the application of the Matrix Language Frame Model to the analysis of early childhood bilingual speech is possible, but has several restrictions and limitations related to incomplete and imperfect acquisition of both grammars. The originality of the research is not only in the use of specific data (the earliest stage of bilingual speech observed in simultaneous Russian-English dual-language development), but also in the employment of the Matrix Language Frame Model to study them. This work can contribute to the research of typical features of emerging code-switches in developmental perspective.
Narrative strategy formation in the bilinguals’ stories in Russian: corpus study
Authors: Shishkov Maxim S.
Published: October 2023

The lexical parameters of oral stories of two generations of Russian-German bilinguals and the function of lexical means in the narrative strategy implementation are describes. Through addressing the oral narrative this study is included in the range of modern works considering the features of text generation by bilinguals. The relevance of the study lies both in the material and in the chosen methods of analysis. The aim of the study is to identify the degree of the narrative strategy formation at the lexical level among representatives of two generations of Russian-German bilinguals in comparison with monolingual Russian native speakers. The research material is a corpus of experimentally collected oral stories (47 texts) of German-Russian bilinguals. M. Mayer’s book “Frog, where are you?” was used as a stimulus for subjects. The test subjects were representatives of 22 families: children - 26 people aged 8 to 19 years, parents - 21 people aged 30 to 55 years. To compare the characteristics of the corpora, the similar corpus of oral stories of monolinguals (42 stories) was involved. Quantitative and statistical analysis, corpus analysis, thematic and semantic analysis of vocabulary, elements of structural analysis of narrative were used. The novelty of the study is the corpus analysis identification of lexical parameters of narrative strategies used by two generations of bilinguals. The analysis showed that the degree of lexical skills development in the implementation of narrative strategies in bilinguals is lower than in monolinguals in both age groups, despite the statistical similarity of the texts of both corpora. This concerns, first of all, the completeness and uniformity of the lexical expression of the mandatory components of the narrative stimulated by the material, and the relations between them in the text. At the same time, the general trend of narrative creation was in line with expectations. The identified parameters can be further methodically interpreted in order to prepare educational materials for bilinguals.
ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT (ETLE) POLICY: The Principle of Legal Certainty in a Rule of Law
Authors: Muhammad Dahlan  , Husni  , Darmawan  , Sulaiman
Published: October 2023

: One of the governments of Indonesia's objectives for renewal and transformation is the implementation of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE), which would improve the public service system for traffic crimes. The existence of ETLE in Indonesia is badly required for a variety of reasons related to the myriad problems that develop when law enforcement addresses traffic infractions. Since not all Indonesians have mastered technology, it cannot be stated that e-tickets are successful, yet the deployment of ETLE is a workable alternative for imposing sanctions for traffic rule violators. To capture traffic offenses on the road, an ETLE device instantly links to the police department's Command Center. This study's objective is to ascertain how the ETLE policy is being carried out from a law enforcement standpoint. This essay aims to evaluate the ETLE policy's execution in terms of legal certainty and its applicability to Indonesia's legal system. A statutory approach and a normative legal technique are both used in this study
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CANING LAW IN ACEH FOLLOWING THE ENACTMENT OF THE ACEH QANUN NUMBER 6 OF 2014 CONCERNING THE JINAYAT LAW: IS IT MORE EFFECTIVE?
Authors: Muhibbuthabary  , HM Yasin Taslim , A. Rasyid Saifuddin , Syah Putra Rahmad , Fitria Nurrauzhah , Kurniawan Rahmat
Published: October 2023

The birth of the caning law in Aceh certainly aims to regulate the life order of the people in Aceh both in terms of behaviour and social aspects so that it is achieved well and is safe and prosperous based on Islamic teachings and norms. This article will briefly describe the effectiveness of applying the caning law in Aceh after enacting the Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law. This research is qualitative with an anthropological approach using ethnographic methods with data collection techniques using three kinds of methods: in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. In contrast, data analysis uses four stages: data reduction, data organization, data verification, and conclusion. The research results show that the implementation of caning has not been able to reduce violations of Islamic law, especially in several regions. This is proven by increased cases recorded at the Aceh Sharia Court. The current ineffectiveness of caning is also influenced by the financial aspect, namely the very large budget for the caning procession activities, which is borne by the District/City Regional Governments in Aceh through the District/City Revenue Expenditure Budget (APBK) with a nominal value of one caning procession being quite large. So that it is necessary to redesign the implementation of caning in Aceh practically and economically by referring to the opinion of the Shafi'i school of fiqh, which states that the execution of caning punishment is sufficient to be witnessed by four believers, the procession of caning punishment can be carried out in a simple place, and it is enough to be witnessed by law enforcement officials to minimize budget spending so that it is more effective and efficient.
THE GERMAN FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT APPROACHES PROPORTIONALITY ANALYSIS AS A LEGAL REASONING METHOD TO DECIDE INVOLVING COMPETING RIGHTS CASES
Authors: Lailam Tanto , Anggia Putri , Andrianti Nita
Published: October 2023

The research focused on the proportionality analysis (proportionality principle) as a Legal Reasoning Method to decide competing rights caseS in the German Federal Constitutional Court (GFCC) or Bundesverfassungsgericht. It is the ultimate rule of law, global constitutionalism value, and the benchmark for constitutional judges to review conflicts between individual rights and state interests. Hence, an analysis model for measuring conflicts of competence between the European Union and Germany. It is four stage assessment analysis: legitimate aims, suitable, necessary, and balancing (strict sense). The result of the research saw that it is used as a constitutional reasoning model in landmark decision cases in 2020-2022, namely: the European Central Bank asset case, the climate change case, the Election of a Vice-President of the Bundestag case, and the Bavarian Constitution Protection Act case. Based on these case reviews, it is well applied, systemised, structured, and comprehensive in each case. However, not all stages are used in competing rights analysis, especially the balancing test as the last analysis in proportionality.
PUBLIC PREFERENCES ON FACTORS AFFECTING MAQASHID SHARIAH-BASED HEALTH INSURANCE SERVICES IN ACEH PROVINCE
Authors: Zulhilmi Muhammad , Safitri Winny Dian , Ariyati Nadlia
Published: October 2023

Health development is a development effort in the health sector that aims to achieve optimal health status. The Aceh government, through special autonomy rights, carries out the development of the health sector through health insurance which is named the sharia-based Aceh Health Insurance (JKA) managed by the Social Security Administration (BPJS) to meet the health needs of all Acehnese people so that the objectives of Maqashid shariah are achieved, namely benefit. This study aims to determine the community's preference for factors that affect Maqasid Shariah-based health services in Aceh. This research approach is quantitative, using the method of statistical analysis of the structural equation model based on partial least squares. This study indicates a statistically significant effect on the variables of socialization intensity, accessibility of information, availability of facilities and infrastructure for the services of health insurance participants at a significant level of 10%. Based on the Acehnese people's preferences, both facilities and infrastructure are important factor in running health insurance services.
The Long-Term High-Altitude Exposure and Its Effects on Cognitive Control Ability in Tibetan Indigenous Inhabitants
Authors: Liu Xiao tong , Wu Yifan , Zhao Yi bo , Song Li li , Su Rui , Ma Hailin , Li Hao
Published: October 2023

Objective To investigate whether there are changes in cognitive control
among Tibetan indigenous residents exposed to long-term high altitude.
Methods The Backward Masking Majority Function Task (MFT-M) was used to
collect the capacity of cognitive control (CCC) of 93 Tibetans living in
different high-altitude areas (2900m, 3700m, 4200m) and 92 Han people
controls living in the plain. Results There were significant differences
in CCC of the four groups. Specifically, the CCC of the plain control
group and the 2900-m group was significantly higher than that of the
3700-m and 4200-m groups. However, there were no significant differences
in CCC between the plain control group the 2900-m group as well as
between the 3700-m and 4200-m group . Conclusion Long-term high-altitude
exposure began to have negative impact on the capacity of cognitive
control of Tibetan residents at altitudes between 2900-m and 3700m,
indicating that 2900-m to 3700-m was the altitude threshold for CCC
decline in Tibetan residents.
A comprehensive review on experimental models of Stress: Pragmatic insight into psychoneuroimmunology
Authors: Nisha Ashmun , Shamim Arshiya , Rizvi Aleza , Mahmood Tarique , Goswami Bhagyashree , Ahsan Farogh , Mohammad Shariq , Parveen Saba
Published: October 2023

Psychoneuroimmunology is the branch of science that shows the relation
between the nervous system, emotions, and immune system. In this study,
we differentiate the interaction procedures between mind and body when
exposed to stress. The symptoms of psychoneuroimmunological stress are
depression, aggression, fear and social withdrawal which can affect the
body. According to Charles Darwin humans and animals show the same
characteristics and symptoms so they help identify the pharmacological
mechanism and potential clinical effects of the drug. Animal models of
stress are based on the difference of opinion giving rise to a
motivation state to induce and approach the avoidance situations. This
review contains the different model of stress induction that are also
used worldwide. Here in this review, we used the word “Ethological”
which is used for the assessment of unlearned and unpunished behaviors
like EPS, EZM, light-dark box, open field test, etc. The learned and
punished models are used under the category “conditioned operant
conflict test like the Vogel conflict test. We also discussed the models
of classic conditioning like fear conditioning and psychosocial models
like social defeat, and physical and chronic unpredictable stress. This
review also shows the effect of the immune system response on the mind
and body of animals.
Allergy and Chronic Throat Symptoms: a Primer For Clinicians
Authors: Quigley Nathan , Mistry Sandeep , Vasani Sarju
Published: October 2023

Chronic throat symptoms such as cough, dysphonia, globus sensation,
throat clearing and sensation of mucus in the throat are prevalent and
bothersome symptoms, which are now understood to cause significant
morbidity when untreated. A dilemma for clinicians is the frequent lack
of organic or structural disease explanation for these non-specific
symptoms, even with often multidisciplinary assessment. Whilst
associations to reflux or functional syndromes are often implied, these
diagnostic paradigms lack interdisciplinary consensus and rely on
empirical practices in the absence of clear disease links. The role of
respiratory allergy or respiratory allergy sensitisation in contributing
to presentations involving unexplained chronic throat symptoms (UCTS)
remains poorly defined, but is emerging as a potentially undervalued
relationship. For the clinician, clinical considerations and potential
therapeutic strategies for the patient with UCTS and respiratory allergy
disease or sensitisation remain ambiguous concepts, devoid of consensus
or guidelines. This scoping review addresses the intersection of
respiratory allergy and chronic throat complaints, offering an
up-to-date assessment of this potential relationship, postulated symptom
mechanisms and evidence to guide therapeutic decisions.
Scope of Soft computing techniques in the development of the ideal design parameters for Microgrids: a systematic review
Authors: Reddy Deviprasad , Abo-Al-Ez Khaled , Adonis Marco
Published: October 2023

The microgrid is the modern solution for power surges and blackouts as
it can act as a standalone system when the grid is under attack as it
works along with the grid which helps in achieving higher reliability of
the system and also helps to overcome existing problems associated with
a grid to reach out remote areas but unlike advantages, there are
disadvantages for this kind of system to overcome such as reliability,
quality and continuity. When it is considered in a contest of power
systems, The major uncertainties are nonlinear, nonconvex, and
mixed-integer problems, hence to overcome such types of uncertainties
there is a need to develop an optimization technique that can help to
reduce the effect on generation and dispatch of power. Microgrid systems
which comprised of renewable energy resources such as wind, solar and
battery storage units that can be connected to the grid & also can act
as a standalone system. This paper reviews the different soft computing
techniques involved in optimizing the power system & furthermore, the
appropriate & most efficient soft computing technique is determined as
well as future scope of these techniques is discussed.
A new practical model to describe Moisture Ratio behavior during drying process
Authors: Wong-Loya J.A. , López-Ortiz Anabel , Reyna-Guillén J.
Published: October 2023

A new mathematical model has been developed to analyze the process of
drying food. The model is based on a non-linear function fit of the
moisture ratio behavior. To determine the moisture ratio behavior, the
Rational Polynomial method of first and second order has been proposed,
which allows a simple fit that approximately describes the moisture
ratio behavior. The Pearson coefficients obtained for the fitted series
were greater than 0.9948. The fitting process has been automated using a
simple Wolfram language script. This model has been compared against the
most commonly used models and applied to a set of 39 experimental data
series. The RP method for the second order showed good agreement in
82.05% of the analyzed series and was the best fit in 61.5% of all the
data sets. On the other hand, the first order showed good agreement in
only 30.77% of the analyzed series.
Scattering by a biisotropic obstacle and the properties of the Beltrami spherical vector waves
Authors: Kristensson Gerhard
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we take a fresh look at the determination of the
transition matrix for a homogeneous, biisotropic particle employing the
Null-field approach. The condition for passivity of the material is
discussed. In particular, we focus on some previously unproved
properties of the Beltrami spherical vector waves, such as completeness,
orthogonality, and linear independence, which are all instrumental in
the analysis of the scattering problem with the Null-field approach.
Some numerical examples illustrate the approach.
Teste 2
Authors: Reis Adriana
Published: October 2023

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本简报探讨了导致中华人民共和国（中国）青年失业率上升 的原因，概述了中国应对这一挑战的政策，并提出了在政策 层面需要进一步关注的关键领域。
Authors:   Jinan University, Feng Shuaizhang , Lu Jingliang ,   Jinan University, Terada-Hagiwara Akiko ,   Asian Development Bank, Qi Wen ,   Asian Development Bank
Published: October 2023

中国的劳动力市场受到了新冠疫情的重创，其中年轻人首当其冲。本简报从需求侧和供给侧两方面因素探讨了青年失业率上升的原因，并且分析了高等教育与市场需求错配如何加剧了这一问题。简报还介绍了政府为稳定劳动力市场所作的努力 (包括专门面向青年群体的举措)，并给出了长短期为年轻人创造更多就业岗位的行动计划。
The intensity of transspinal direct current stimulation affects the excitability of the corticospinal system
Authors: Popyvanova Alena V. , Pomelova Ekaterina D. , Bredikhin Dmitry  O. , Koriakina Maria M. , Shestakova Anna N. , Blagovechtchenski Evgeny  D.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Transspinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) affects the corticospinal system, one of the central human systems associated with controlling precise voluntary movements. Stimulation effects are very sensitive to montage and protocols of applied stimulation because they can involve different neuronal mechanisms.
AIM: This study aimed to estimate the effects of parameters of anodal tsDCS applied at the level of the spinal cord (C7–Th1 segments) with cervical enlargement to determine the excitability of the corticospinal system and the correction of motor skills in healthy people.
METHODS: The study involved 81 healthy adults aged 21.19±3.20 years. The effect of tsDCS was assessed using motor-evoked potentials from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the primary motor cortex before stimulation, immediately after stimulation, and after 15 min.
RESULTS: The application of 11-min anodal tsDCS at the C7–Th1 level with a current of 1.5 mA affects the FDI muscle, initially reducing the amplitude of transcranial magnetic stimulation induced motor-evoked potentials immediately after stimulation. The amplitude of the motor-evoked potentials increases after 15 min of stimulation. tsDCS with an intensity of 2.5 mA does not affect the change in the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials. Similarly, no difference was found in the effect of 1.5 mA stimulation on the correction of motor skills in healthy adults at the nine-hole peg test and the serial reaction time task as with 2.5 mA.
CONCLUSION: This study adds information about the optimally appropriate current intensities of stimulation to induce corticospinal system excitability and the ability of tsDCS to influence motor skills in healthy adults.
Mathematical model of electrical activity of biological network areas
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Vsevolod Horyachko Vsevolod ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Hoholyuk Oksana , Ryzhyi Taras ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Rendzinyak Serhiy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: October 2023

In the paper, the mathematical model describing the generation of action potential and propagation of an impulse in the neuron's filaments on the basis of the analysis of parametric electriс circuits with distributed parameters and the mathematical model of synaptic interneuron connections are proposed. Developed models allow taking into account the influence of such factors as geometric, physical and chemical parameters of the neuron's filaments and the presence of different neurotransmitters in chemical synapses on transmitting a neural impulse. Further, such models can be used for investigating the conditions of neuron firing at spatial and time integration of input signals, as well as for the simulation of neuromuscular junctions.
Study of wireless power transmission
Authors:   University of Ibb, AL-Rawi Muhanned
Published: October 2023

Wireless charging of gadgets is one of the new emerging technologies in the world at the moment. The most common method used at the moment is wireless power transfer by inductive coupling. Wireless power transfer is one of the simplest and inexpensive ways of charging as it eliminate the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. In this paper, write up, a methodology and principle of operation are devised for wireless power transfer through inductive coupling, and a feasible design is modeled accordingly. The inductive coupling technique is used since currently, it is the easiest method of wireless power transfer because of high efficiency and large amount of the energy transferred. In this paper, results of experiments done to check wireless working is shown. Also to further show its versatility and range of applications the power transferred is used to charge a battery with the aid of additional circuitry. We also study the effect of placing hurdles between the transmitter and receiver so as to establish if it is an alternative in the medical industry for charging pace makers etc. This research work focuses on the study of wireless power transfer for the purpose of transferring energy at maximum efficiency within a small range or in the near field region.
Berry phase appearance in deformed indium antimonide and gallium antimonide whiskers
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Druzhynin Anatoliy , Ostrovskyi Ihor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Khoverko Yuriy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Liakh-Kaguy Natalia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: October 2023

The influence of deformation on magnetoresistance features in indium antimonide and gallium antimonide whiskers of n-type conductivity with different doping concentration in the vicinity to the metal-insulator transition (MIT) has been investigated in the temperature range 4.2 – 50 K and the magnetic field 0 – 14 T. The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the whole range of magnetic field inductions have been shown in deformed and undeformed whiskers. The amplitude of the magnetoresistance oscillations for both type of samples decreases in accordance with the increase in temperature. Berry phase existence under deformation influence has been also revealed at low temperatures in the indium antimonide and galium antimonide whiskers, that indicates their transition into the state of topological insulators.
Prediction of the wind speed change function by linear regression method
Authors:   “Igor Sikrosky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” National Technical University of Ukraine, Klen Kateryna , Martynyuk Vadym ,   “Igor Sikrosky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” National Technical University of Ukraine, Yaremenko Mykhailo ,   “Igor Sikrosky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” National Technical University of Ukraine
Published: October 2023

In the article the approximation of the function of wind speed changes by linear functions based on Walsh functions and the prediction of function values by linear regression method is made. It is shown that under the condition of a linear change of the internal resistance of the wind generator over time, it is advisable to introduce the wind speed change function with linear approximation. The system of orthonormal linear functions based on Walsh functions is given. As an example, the approximation of the linear-increasing function with a system of 4, 8 and 16 linear functions based on the Walsh functions is given. The result of the approximation of the wind speed change function with a system of 8 linear functions based on Walsh functions is shown. Decomposition coefficients, mean-square and average relative approximation errors for such approximation are calculated. In order to find the parameters of multiple linear regression the method of least squares is applied. The regression equation in matrix form is given. The example of application of the prediction method of linear regression to simple functions is shown. The restoration result for wind speed change function is shown. Decomposition coefficients, mean-square and average relative approximation errors for restoration of wind speed change function with linear regression method are calculated.
Theoretical basis of energy efficiency criterion-based optimal control of arc steel-melting furnace modes taking into account 3-dimensional phase current distribution
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Paranchuk Yaroslav , Lozynskyy Orest ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Marushchak Yaroslav ,   Rzeszow Univesity of Technology
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to develop a method for synthesis of the operative adaptive optimal control of the electric mode (EM) of an arc steel-melting furnace (ASF) by energy efficiency criteria based on three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of arc currents. The basis of the created method is the use of operative information on the parameters of 3-D distribution of arc currents and the search for the appropriate optimal control – set points for arc currents of a double-loop system of controlling the electric mode of an arc steel-melting furnace. There have been obtained partial optimality criteria to minimize the specific energy consumption, the steel price per ton, and to maximize the hourly productivity of an arc furnace, as well as an algorithm for operational synthesis and implementation of the optimal control vector according to the chosen criterion, taking into account the model of 3-D current distribution. For the first time, based on the operative on-line control of 3-D arc currents distribution, partial criteria have been obtained for the synthesis of adaptive optimal control of the electric mode of an arc furnace, which makes it possible to comprehensively improve the energy efficiency and electromagnetic compatibility of the arc furnace modes and the electric supply network. The implementation of the created method of adaptive optimal control and the algorithm for its implementation in the structure of a double-loop control system of electric melting mode will allow us, in comparison with the known single-loop control structures, to improve the indices of electrotechnological efficiency and electromagnetic compatibility, and to obtain higher dynamic accuracy of stabilization the electric mode coordinates at the level of the operatively synthesized optimal arc current set points.
Analytical method of determining the electromagnetic field of standard current pulses flowing near to a conductive object
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Vasetskyi Yuriy
Published: October 2023

The mathematical model based on the developed theory of the analytical solving the quasi-stationary tasks of pulse current flowing near to a conductive object with flat surface is introduced. The applied mathematical model includes an approximate solution with the use of asymptotic expansion for computing the intensity of a magnetic and electrical field in the case of transient electro-magnetic processes. It is noted that the calculations by an approximation method are limited to a certain time period from the beginning of a pulse, but, as usual, just within this time period the field changes most rapidly and accesses maximum values. The electrical field is considered at the presence of the standard current pulses such as exponentially decaying pulse, pulse represented by the difference between two decaying exponents, exponentially decaying oscillating pulse. For them the main peculiarities of applying the approximate analytical method of field calculations have been analyzed. Integral indicators for taking into account limitations by frequency and time, depending on the pulse parameters, have been found. Time dependencies have been obtained with the use of special functions and their representation as series.
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN SIKAP SOSIAL SISWA BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI UPT SDN 263 GRESIK
Authors: Ziyan Aghniya' Mau'una , Masub Bakhtiar Afakhrul
Published: October 2023

Siswa yang membutuhkan bantuan berkebutuhan khusus menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam hal sikap sosial dan metode komunikasi mereka. Namun, pemeriksaan yang lebih menyeluruh terhadap masalah ini mengungkapkan bahwa tidak semua siswa berkebutuhan khusus bergumul dengan interaksi mereka dengan teman sebaya atau individu lain. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk mengetahui perkembangan sikap sosial yang ditampilkan oleh anak berkebutuhan khusus yang bersekolah di UPT SDN 263 Gresik. Selain itu, bertujuan untuk mengkategorikan jenis siswa berkebutuhan khusus dan mengevaluasi proses belajar mengajar di UPT SDN 263 Gresik dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari satu orang guru pendamping khusus (GPK), beberapa siswa berkebutuhan khusus, dan siswa reguler di UPT SDN 263 Gresik. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi melalui penggunaan lembar observasi dan kamera. Kajian ini mengkaji kondisi kelas yang terdiri dari anak berkebutuhan khusus dan reguler, serta menitikberatkan pada perkembangan sikap sosial di antara mereka.
Unravelling Income Inequality in Indonesia
Authors: Al Azies Harun , Herowati Wise
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on income inequality in Indonesia. The analytical method used includes linear regression to evaluate the causal relationship between the dependent variable (Gini Ratio) and ICT indicators. Furthermore, the k-means clustering algorithm is used to group provinces based on ICT characteristics. The results of the regression analysis show that the ICT variables have a significant influence on the Gini Ratio, illustrating the close relationship between ICT and income inequality. In addition, clustering produces two regional groups: Cluster 1, with better access and use of ICT, and Cluster 2, with lower ICT characteristics but advantages in telecommunication infrastructure. This research shows the importance of inclusive and sustainable ICT development to reduce income inequality in Indonesia. Appropriate policies for increasing the accessibility and use of ICTs can have a positive impact on social and economic development throughout Indonesia.
Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus mekongensis Pierre and Associated Fungus
Authors: Airin Sadia , Bairagi Rahul Dev , Noshin Sharika , Rahaman Md. Sohanur , Biswas Ritu Porna , Amit Kumar Acharzo Amit Kumar , Islam Md. Amirul
Published: October 2023

Xylocarpus mekongensis commonly known as Poshur, is an evergreen mangrove plant originating from Asia, Indonesia, the Southwestern Pacific Islands, and northern Australia.  This study was aimed at compiling information on the comparative pharmacological properties of the methanolic bark extract of X. mekongensis and the fungal endophyte based on their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. The plant extract showed more phenolic (277 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (140 mg QE/g) content than the fungal extract (45 mg GAE/g and 76 mg QE/g, respectively). The bark extract exhibited better DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50 = 28.27 µg/ml) than endophyte XMSF-I (IC50 = 143.46 µg/ml) extract. Furthermore, we observed that the endophytes associated with this plant showed more significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and A. brasiliensis than its bark extract. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the bark extract and endophyte revealed diminutive lethality (214 and 286 µg/ml, respectively) in comparison with standard vincristine sulfate (0.44 µg/ml). Hence, methanolic bark extract showed more positive reviews than associated fungi.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEMATIK TEMA 1 SUBTEMA 1 SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 101786 HELVETIA
Authors: Maharani Atika , Gultom Ibrahim , Karo-Karo Demmu , Unita Manurung Imelda Free
Published: October 2023

Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh signifikan dari model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar tematik tema 1 subtema 1 siswa kelas V SDN 101786 Helvetia. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan ialah quasi experiment dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SDN 101786 Helvetia yang berjumlah 51 siswa, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kelas VB dengan jumlah 27 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VA dengan jumlah 24 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini ialah tes dan observasi. Hasil perhitungan uji-t menunjukan bahwa nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dengan perolehan thitung (6,718) > ttabel (2,009) pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Dengan demikian hal ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunaan model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar tema 1 subtema 1 siswa kelas V SDN 101786 Helvetia.