bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a spray dryer’s mathematical model for control tasks
Authors: Sytnikov Oleksii , Skladannyy Denys , Sokolov Kostiantyn
Published: October 2023

The sustainable development paradigm includes the most efficient material and energy resources using in production processes. One of the ways to achieve this goal is creating the effective automated control systems. At the same time, such systems effective functioning is impossible without adequate mathematical models for control objects. Thus, the actual task of this study is to create the control object – a spray dryer -model-, which could be used in the control system.

It was established that one of the main devices in the sodium tripolyphosphate production is a spray dryer in which the aqueous salts suspension is dried by flue gases. The obtained powdery product which is fed into the calcination furnace. The work investigated convective drying, where the material is in direct contact with the drying agent – furnace gas. To drying process control by the drying agent temperature.

The existing works analysis showed that the mathematical model developing process of a spray dryer requires in-depth research into the physical nature of processes which taking object's operation’s various factors into account. The object presentation can be carried out with different approaches taking into account various important production factors, but at the same time it should be as close as possible to the nature of process. The development of the spray drying process model is carried out for regulation the moisture at the finished product.

The beginning of the research is the structural and parametric diagram creation of a spray dryer taking into account all input and output values which allow to determine the control disturbance channels. A material balance based on the moisture and loose matter amount and a gas environment heat balance is compiled. The transfer functions component calculation is carried out using the Kramer method.

The presented results of the research make it possible to build and analyse the spray dryer mathematical model taking into account the requirements for the substance moisture content be dried and the control process analysis by the drying agent temperature changing. The transient characteristics of the spray dryer by the disturbance and control channels, which are calculated and presented in the research make it possible to compare the control object behaviour with and without taking heat loss into the environment the assumptions into account.
Control of oils and greases adsorptive recovery in conditions of non-stationarity
Authors: Yaroshchuk Liudmyla , Tiurina Yevheniia
Published: October 2023

In various fields of production and transport, the demand for oils and greases, which are complex substances harmful to the environment, is constantly growing, and their production requires significant financial costs.

An actual task is the creation of control systems for adsorptive purification of used oils and greases, which will be able to meet the requirements of their regeneration quality in conditions of insufficient information provision and non-stationarity of a significant number of characteristics of the technological system.

The analysis of properties of raw materials, adsorbent and adsorber from the point of view of the necessary and potentially possible information support was carried out.

Three main sources of non-stationarity are singled out: periodic arrival of raw material with new properties; random changes in properties of current raw materials and adsorbent; gradual changes of the working surfaces of the adsorber due to interaction with adsorbent and adsorbate. The first source is recognized as the most significant, therefore, two components are provided for the general control algorithm – control in the modes of variable and stable raw materials (significant and non-significant changes in properties of raw materials, respectively).

For each source of non-stationarity, a corresponding adaptation block for pressure and temperature control systems in adsorber with PI-controllers is proposed. The properties of the substances that will be used to correct controllers tasks and their setting parameters have been determined. A system of individual adaptation blocks interaction in both modes of the general control algorithm has been created.

For the stable raw materials mode, general view of transfer functions for control channels is given and the adaptive control system structure is proposed with implementation of current identification of the control channel model and calculation of the corresponding PI-controllers setting parameters.

The obtained results will allow to reduce duration and amplitudes of quality indicators deviations of regenerated substances from the set values, which will increase control system efficiency as a whole. The proposed methods can be applied to those technologies where there is a problem of stabilizing properties of input material flows, in particular, in technologies using secondary raw materials.
COVID-19-Induced Shift to Teach and Study from Home: Evaluating Musculoskeletal Health and Contributing Factors in Saudi University Students and Faculty during Online Education
Authors: Amin Junaid , Kanwal Raheela , Althomali Omar W , Acar Tolgahan , Amin Salman , Bin Sheeha Bodor
Published: October 2023

Background:
One of the most common occupational health hazard and serious health concern, now a days, recognized is Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The high prevalence among students and teachers is a major cause of decline in their health related quality of life and work performance. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among teachers and students during online education.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among university faculty members and students who were involved in online education during COVID-19. Data collection was carried out electronically through a validated Arabic version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) which is self reported. A total of 175 respondents responded to the questionnaire (response 60%).
Results:
The prevalence of any part of the body was 90.3%. The commonest site of MSDs for past 12 months was the low back (65.7%), the neck (58.3%), and shoulders (57.7%). Females (80%) suffered more than males (20%). The students reported slightly higher MSDs as compared to teachers (93.1% vs 90.3). Binominal regression analysis showed association of females with low back pain “OR: 2.24 (95% CI): 1.04-4.83; p = 0.03” and neck pain “OR: 2.7 (95% CI): 1.24–5.84; p = 0.012)” while bad posture was associated with pain in upper back “OR: 3.46 (95% CI): 1.73-6.93; p = 0.001”.
Conclusion:
The faculty members and students are prone to high MSDs during online classes and significant measures should be taken to reduce the prevalence by addressing associated risk factors.
Multicomponent synthesis of 4-aryl-4,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines using L-proline as a catalyst – does it really proceed?
Authors: Danel Andrzej , Porębska Elżbieta , Markiel Kacper , Havrysh Oleksii , Kucharek Mateusz , Gut Arkadiusz , Uchacz Tomasz
Published: October 2023

Looking for effective synthetic methods for 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines preparation, we came across a procedure where in a three component reaction catalyzed by L-proline, 4-aryl-4,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines are formed. These compounds can be easily oxidized to a fully aromatic system, which gave hope for a synthetic method that could replace e.g. Friedländer condensation, often used for this purpose, although severely limited by the availability of suitable substrates. However, after careful repetition of the procedures described in the publication, it turned out that the compounds described therein do not form at all. The actual compounds turned out to be 4,4-(phenylmethylene)-bis-(3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-oles). 4-Aryl-4,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines were prepared by another method and used as standards to compare the products formed in the original procedure.
Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Inhibition Limits Hepatic Steato-sis and Inflammation
Authors: Al-Rashed Fatema , Arefanian Hossein , Madhoun Ashraf Al , Bahman Fatemah , AlSaeed Halemah , Jacob Texy , Thomas Reeby , Al-Roub Areej , Sindhu Sardar , Alzaid Fawaz , Malik Md. Zubbair , Nizam Rasheeba , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse , Al-Mulla Fahd , Hannun Yusuf A , Ahmad Rasheed
Published: October 2023

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is manifested by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, hepatocyte death, and systemic inflammation. Obesity induces steatosis and chronic inflammation in the liver. However, the precise mechanism underlying hepatic steatosis in the setting of obesity remains unclear. Here we report studies that address this question. Methods: 14 weeks on high-fat diet (HFD) with high sucrose, C57BL/6 mice revealed a phenotype of liver steatosis. Transcriptional profiling analysis of the liver tissues was performed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Results: Our RNA-seq data revealed 692 differentially expressed genes involved in processes of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, immune responses, and cell proliferation. Notably, the gene encoding neutral sphingomyelinase SMPD3, was predominantly upregulated in the liver tissues of the mice displaying a phenotype of steatosis. Moreover, nSMase2 activity was elevated in these tissues of the liver. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of nSMase2 prevented intracellular lipid accumulation and TNFα-induced inflammation in in-vitro HepG2-steatosis cellular model. Furthermore, nSMase2 inhibition ameliorates oxidative damage by rescuing PPARα and prevent cell death associated with high glucose/oleic acid-induced fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings highlight the prominent role of nSMase2 in hepatic steatosis which could serve as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD and other hepatic steatosis-linked disorders.
First Polyphasic Study of Cheffia Reservoir (Algeria) Cyanobacteria Isolates Reveals Toxic Picocyanobacteria Genotype
Authors: Benredjem Lamia , Morais João , Hentschke Guilherme Scotta , Vasconcelos Vitor
Published: October 2023

Monitoring water supply requires, among other quality indicators, the identification of the cyanobacte-ria community taking into account their potential impact in terms of water quality. In this work, cya-nobacteria strains were isolated from Cheffia reservoir and identified based on morphological features, 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis, and toxin production by PCR screening of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of cyanotoxins (mcyA, mcyE, sxtA, sxtG, sxtI, cyrJ, and anaC). Thirteen strains repre-senting six different genera: Aphanothece, Microcystis, Geitlerinema, Lyngbya, Microcoleus, and Pseudanabaena were obtained. The results demonstrated the importance of morphological features in determining the genus or the species when incongruence between the morphological and phylogenetic analysis occurs and only the utility of the 16S rRNA gene on determining higher taxonomic levels. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the polyphyly of cyanobacteria for the Microcystis and Oscillatoriales genera. Unexpectedly, Aphanothece sp. CR 11 had the genetic potential to produce microcystins. Our study gives new insight instead of picocyanobacteria toxic genotype in this ecosystem. Thus, conven-tional water treatment methods in this ecosystem have to be adapted.
Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical characterisation of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite asbestos mine waste from Southern Africa in context of risk assessment and rehabilitation
Authors: Schapira Jessica Shaye , Bolhar Robert , Master Sharad , Wilson Allan H.
Published: October 2023

Derelict asbestos mine sites in South Africa pose a considerable risk to human, environmental and socio-economic health. Comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical datasets for the existing hazardous geological materials still exposed in Southern African derelict asbestos mines remain largely non-existent, as very little published and up-to-date literature is available. In this study three representative types of asbestos mineral fibres from derelict asbestos mines in Southern Africa, namely chrysotile from Havelock mine, amosite from Penge mine and crocidolite from Prieska mine are characterized mineralogically and geochemically to critically evaluate real-life hazards in rural and asbestos-fibre contaminated regions. The samples were examined using polarising light microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (major and trace elemental analysis), X-ray diffraction (including Rietveld refinement), specific surface area analyses and bio-durability tests. Data are discussed in view of their potential toxicities on both human health and the environment in the context of developing countries. Finally, information on the mineralogical and geochemical status of asbestos mine waste and its importance as baseline data for rehabilitation considerations is also evaluated.
Diet Carbohydrate, Protein Content and Circulating 17-β Estradiol Are Critical Factors for Energy Partition in the Rat
Authors: Remesar Xavier , Oliva Laia , Fernández-López José-Antonio , Alemany Marià
Published: October 2023

The relative proportions between nutrients affects the fate of them for metabolic interconversion, storage and turnover or, essentially for energy, in a process of partition modulated by hormonal and metabolic factors. A basic common chow model was used: ST or standard diet, HF high-fat and HP or high-protein had a common substrate. A CF cafeteria-type diet was added for comparison. Rats (female and male) received the diet for 30d. Nutrient intake and body composition were measured. Plasma glucose, lactate, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured. Common groups energy intake, was largely based in carbohydrates CH, yielding 6C units, which were fully oxidized or stored as 2C fragments (fatty acids). Lactate (3C) was partially stored as glycerol of TAG. Accrual of 2C far exceeded about ten-fold that of 3C. Amino acid (AA) catabolism yielded 2C, 3C and 4C-5C fragments, the latter acting as Krebs cycle anaplerotic intermediates (KCAI), that facilitated the oxidation of 2C in detriment of TAG accumulation Lactate levels, were related to lactic dehydrogenase activities in muscle and liver. TAG accrual was maximal in CF, quite differently from HF with similar diet lipid proportion. Maximal rates of lipid storage were found in ST (and CF) groups. Females showed a higher ability to oxidize CH and to store less TAG. T increased N and protein deposition, whilst E2 decreased them favoring AA oxidation and the availability of KCAI. In the rat, an effective energy partition scheme requires that about half of the energy is provided by CH (polysaccharide), and needs enough protein to provide KCAI for a smooth 2C oxidation.
Pengembangan E-Modul Turbin Angin (Savonius Heliks) dengan Model 4-D Pada Mata Kuliah Energi Terbarukan di Prodi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Authors: Susilo Topan Yuli , Ranto Ranto , Rohman Ngatou
Published: October 2023

Renewable energy technologies are currently being developed, one of which is wind turbines. There are two types of wind turbines, namely the vertical axis and the horizontal axis. One of the horizontal wind turbines is the helical savonius. The development of this technology can help the development of renewable energy. The Mechanical Engineering Education study program is testing wind turbines to help students understand wind turbine technology. Through this research a practicum module will be created to assist students in carrying out wind turbine practicum.This electronic module validates the material and media. The results of the material validation stated the suitability of the material in accordance with the material on wind turbines that had been taught in wind turbine courses. The results of the media validation state that the design is attractive and easy to read so that students can understand the electronic module.
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES ON VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS'S WORK READINESS
Authors: Sari Diyana Indah , Suharno Suharno , , Pambudi Nugroho Agung
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the influence of religious attitudes on vocational high school students's work readiness. This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. The population in this study were all students of Vocational High School 1 Kismantoro, Vocational High School 1 Bulukerto, Vocational High School 1 Pracimantoro, a total of 2477 students, and the sample taken was 97 respondents. The sampling technique used in this research is simple random sampling technique formula is used to determine the number of samples Slovin. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach with a survey design. Data was collected by distributing closed questionnaires of 42 questions to respondents. The data analysis technique used in this research is simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that religious attitudes had a positive and significant effect on the work readiness of vocational high school students with an R square of 0.6451. This means that religious attitudes have an influence on the work readiness of vocational high school students by 64.51% and the rest is influenced by other variables.
METHOD OF ASSESSING THE STATE OF HIERARCHICAL OBJECTS BASED ON BIO-INSPIRED ALGORITHMS
Authors: Shyshatskyi Andrii , Stasiuk Tetiana , Odarushchenko Elena , Berezanska Karina , Demianenko Hanna
Published: October 2023

Relevance. Nowadays, no state in the world is able to work on the creation and implementation of artificial intelligence in isolation from others. Artificial intelligence technologies are actively used to solve both general and highly specialized tasks in various spheres of society. In the process of assessing (identifying) the state of complex and objects of analysis and management, there is a high degree of a priori uncertainty regarding their state and a small amount of initial data describing them. At the same time, despite the huge amount of information, the degree of non-linearity, illogicality and noisy data is increasing. That is why the issue of improving the efficiency of assessing the condition of complex and objects is an important and urgent issue. The object of research is the objects of analysis. The subject of the research is the identification and forecasting of the analysis objects state with the help of bio-inspired algorithms. In the research, the evaluation and forecasting method was developed using fuzzy cognitive maps and the genetic algorithm. The novelty of the proposed method consists in: taking into account the degree of uncertainty about the object state while calculating the correction factor; adding a correction factor for data noise as a result of distortion of information about the object state; reduction of computing costs while assessing the objects state; creation of a multi-level and interconnected description of hierarchical objects; adjusting the description of the object as a result of changing its current state using a genetic algorithm; the possibility of performing calculations with the original data, which are different in nature and units of measurement. It is advisable to implement the mentioned method in specialized software, which is used to analyze the state of complex technical systems and make decisions.
RESEARCH APPLICATION OF THE SPAM FILTERING AND SPAMMER DETECTION ALGORITHMS ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND MESSENGERS
Authors: Podorozhniak Andrii , Liubchenko Nataliia , Oliinyk Vasyl , Roh Viktoriia
Published: October 2023

In the current era, numerous social networks and messaging platforms have become integral parts of our lives, particularly in relation to work activities, due to the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic and russian war in Ukraine. Amidst this backdrop, the issue of spam and spammers has become more pertinent than ever, with a continuous rise in the incidence of spam within work-related text streams. Spam refers to textual content that is extraneous to a specific text stream, while a spammer denotes an individual who disseminates unsolicited messages for personal gain. The proposed article is devoted to address this scientific and practical challenge of identifying spammers and detecting spam messages within the textual context of any social network or messenger. This endeavor encompasses the utilization of diverse spam detection algorithms and approaches for spammer identification. Four algorithms were implemented, namely a naive Bayesian classifier, Support-vector machine, multilayer perceptron neural network, and convolutional neural network. The research objective was to develop a spam detection algorithm that can be seamlessly integrated into a messenger platform, exemplified by the utilization of Telegram as a case study. The designed algorithm discerns spam based on the contextual characteristics of a specific text stream, subsequently removing the spam message and blocking the spammer-user until authorized by one of the application administrators.
Estimation the state of different agricultural cultures with use fractal analysis
Authors: Pashchenko Ruslan , Mariushko Maksym
Published: October 2023

Absence general approaches to estimation the state of agricultural cultures from Earth remote sensing (ERS) data shows that the task of estimation changes their state is not decided to the end. The subject of the study in the article is estimation of the state of different type agricultural cultures with use fractal analysis. The object of the study is the spaces pictures satellite Sentinel-2 of different type agricultural cultures. The goal is consideration possibility the use fractal analysis of spaces pictures of different type agricultural cultures for determination changes their state. The following results were obtained. Conducted estimations the state of different agricultural cultures (corn, sunflower, wheat, barley and buckwheat) during all period vegetation with the use fractal analysis their spaces pictures. Construction the field of fractals dimensions is basis fractal analysis of spaces pictures. It is showed that the normal state agricultural cultures is characterized by the increase middle and minimum fractals dimensions (FD) on the initial phases vegetation, by achievement the most values FD on the middle phases vegetation and again by diminishing FD on the late phases vegetation. It is certain that the size middle FD it is possible to distribute the fields by buckwheat and corn and the fields by sunflower, wheat and, barley. Between itself the fields by buckwheat and corn it is possible to divide on duration the most values FD, and the fields by sunflower, wheat and barley between itself to divide the size middle FD and duration their most values practically not possibly. Conclusions. The conducted researches showed that the fractal analysis of spaces pictures allowed to conduct monitoring the state of different type agricultural cultures.
Strategies for Constructing Liu Bei’s Image in English Translations of Sanguo Yanyi
Authors: Tan Hui , Chang Xinyu , Wang Juan
Published: October 2023

Sanguo Yanyi, an eminent and impactful ancient historical novel, has achieved considerable recognition and holds perpetual allure. Currently, there exist three English translations of Sanguo Yanyi, originating from different historical periods. In this paper, we focus on the character image of Liu Bei, employing it as a case study to analyze and compare the translation methods employed in these three translations. The aim is to scrutinize the translation strategies that effectively convey the portrayal of character images.
Physical Education Learning Problematics In Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Rozi Fatkhur , Priyono Bambang , Waluyo Waluyo , Shidiq Abdul Aziz Purnomo , Joseph Jacklyn Anak
Published: October 2023

There are still many problems in physical education learning process in private madrasah ibtidaiyah. The aim of this research is to examine the main factors of physical education learning problems in private madrasah ibtidaiyah in Central Java. The research was conducted qualitatively and used a phenomenology approach. The main data were generated through in-depth interview. Source triangulation was used in the data analysis process. Data validity was checked through transferability, dependability, and confirmability checking process. The results show that the problems were related to availability of professional teacher, financing, physical education pre-service teacher’s motivation, and availability of supporting learning facilities and infrastructures. We may conclude that availability of professional teacher is the main factor of physical education learning process in private madrasah ibtidaiyah, besides financing, pre-service teacher’s interest, and facilities and infrastructures factors.
The Correlation Study of Cooperative Learning Strategies (TPS Type) with the Ability students thinking of MI Manbaul Falah
Authors: Retnanto Agus , Firdiansyah Bahtiar
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the application of cooperative learning strategies, students' thinking skills and the correlation between cooperative learning strategies and students' thinking skills in Class V social studies subjects of MI Manbaul Falah Sidorejo Pamotan Rembang for the academic year 2022. This research was quantitative, this research used correlational techniques, the subjects of research who became the population in this study were 98 students in the form of random sampling with identification, sampling and random sample selection. The data collections used in this research were questionnaires to determine the implementation of cooperative learning strategies, and test instruments to determine students' thinking skills that have been tested for validity and reliability.  There was a correlation of rxy = 0.804 and the level of cooperative learning strategies on students' thinking skills was 64%. The relationship between cooperative learning strategies and students' thinking skills in class V social studies subjects at MI Manbaul Falah Sidorejo Pamotan Rembang for the academic year 2022 was real. It was consulted with the frequency distribution table of values with N = 37, it was found that the r-table for a significant level of 5% 0.254 and a significant level of 1% = 0.33, while the r-count is 0.80, then the r-count value was greater than the r-table. The results showed an increase in students' skills, understanding and academic achievement after applying cooperative learning strategies with thinking skills, and there was a positive relationship between cooperative learning strategies and students' thinking skills.
Waqf of Raw Paddy Fields: A Model to Boost Sustainable Agricultural Land Protection in Indonesia’s Central Java Province
Authors: Majid Rifaldi
Published: October 2023

The high conversion of paddy fields in Central Java as Indonesia's most extensive rice production center is a crucial issue affecting future food security. This paper aims to design a waqf model for paddy fields integrated with the Rice Market Center (RMC) to maintain the integrity and sustainability of agricultural land and increase farmers' welfare. This study utilizes a qualitative method with a library research approach by adopting qualitative content analysis, which is strengthened by collecting primary data through in-depth interviews with experts of regulators, practitioners, and academics in the field of waqf and agriculture. The results indicate that the model of waqf management of paddy fields can be implemented through collaboration between nazhir and anchor companies (AC) in the form of regionally owned enterprises or agricultural SMEs. AC will act as an off-taker from the farmers' cooperative, then sell their processed products to RMC distribution channels such as state civil apparatus, modern markets, or Islamic boarding schools. This integration model is expected to be an alternative in increasing the welfare of farmers as well as food security in Central Java province.
Roles of Waqf in Supporting Economy Recovery Post Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Kurlillah Anis , Munadiati Munadiati
Published: October 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since the end of 2019 has caused many problems in human life. The problems are not only in the health sector but also in the economy, education, and social welfare. This paper aims to identify the roles of waqf as an instrument that can be an alternative to overcome those economic and social problems. This study employed qualitative research designed using document analysis of journal articles, books, reports, online resources, policy documents, and related published material. Waqf has demonstrated its significant role in addressing the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, providing solutions in various sectors such as healthcare, social welfare, education, and economic recovery. Waqf has played an important role as a provider of relief and eased the burden on communities affected by the pandemic. In addition, another role that needs to be played by waqf manager (nazir) is to build collaboration between waqf institutions, governments, and international organizations are essential to ensure the sustainable utilization of waqf assets for the benefit of society. This study could shed light on how waqf institutions could plan, strategize, and implement appropriate measures to assist those affected by the pandemic in the future.
Using a Modern Linked Research Database to Examine Gender Disparities in Orthopaedic Grant Funding from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Harris Andrew B. , Benes Gregory , Ghanem Diane , Cartagena-Reyes Miguel , Jain Amit , Laporte Dawn M.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Gender disparities in research grant funding persist in many disciplines. With use of the Dimensions database, we sought to examine the extent of gender disparities in U.S. orthopaedic grant funding from 2010 onward. Our aim was to provide insights into the extent of gender disparities in the field of orthopaedic research and to highlight the potential need for future action to address these disparities.

Methods:

Using orthopaedic-related search terms, we queried all U.S. grants awarded for orthopaedic research from 2010 to 2022. A total of 22,326 results were then manually screened to exclude those without a direct focus on orthopaedic research. The amounts received per principal investigator were reported in U.S. dollars and adjusted for inflation. Author gender was predicted with use of the Genderize.io algorithm application programming interface. The iCite Relative Citation Ratio (RCR) was utilized to assess the impact of the publications linked to each grant.

Results:

A total of 1,723 grants were included. Men principal investigators received significantly higher median funding per grant in 2011, 2012, and 2013; however, this trend reversed with women receiving nonsignificantly higher funding in 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021, and 2022. In 2020, women received significantly higher median funding per grant than men ($166,234 versus $121,384; p = 0.04). Throughout the 13-year period, men principal investigators accounted for approximately 71% of grants, with a very weak increasing trend in the percent of grants attributed to women (R2 = 0.16; p < 0.001). Grants with men principal investigators resulted in more publications than those with women principal investigators (mean publications, 11.1 versus 6.6; p = 0.001). Publications resulting from grants awarded to men had a significantly higher mean RCR than those resulting from grants awarded to women (2.42 versus 2.09; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

There was no significant difference in the median amounts of funding per grant awarded to men and to women in 7 of the past 8 years, despite significantly greater funding per grant having been awarded to men from 2011 to 2013. Men principal investigators accounted for the majority of grants received during the study period, although this proportion was lower than the proportion of men among orthopaedic surgeons in 2022. This study could inform initiatives aimed at promoting equity in grant funding for orthopaedic research.
Social Media Management of the MIK SEMAR Facebook Group as an Information Media for the People of Semarang City
Authors: Ayang Ayang Fitrianti , Taufikurrohman Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Needs for information is currently increasing with the high level of use of social networking sites in society. Facebook is a social networking site with various features, one of which is the MIK SEMAR Facebook group which allows people in the city of Semarang to easily access various information such as infrastructure, transportation, buying and selling of products, local events and issues related to Semarang. This research method is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The theory used in this study is The Circular Model of SOME. In the results of this study it can be concluded that the steps to share information on the MIK SEMAR Facebook group facilitate the formation of public understanding. In terms of optimization, MIK SEMAR's Facebook team has done everything to listen and understand what the public is talking about. The management aspect carried out by the MIK SEMAR Facebook group is quite good. Aspects of engaging Facebook Group MIK SEMAR understands the importance of reaching the audience and providing a fast response to reach the target audience.
Re-Activation of Fractured Gas Reservoir with Active Bottom Water at the Late-Stage Development: A Success Story from Weiyuan Gas Field, China
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ma Guowen , Ye Haifeng , Zhou Lisha , Zhou Hong , Zhao Yulong , Zhang Liehui , Zhang Ruihan
Published: October 2023

It is widely recognized that economical gas production from water-drive gas reservoirs is a challenging task due to water incursion, especially for naturally fractured gas reservoirs with active bottom water. The presence of unwanted water production leads to early abandonment of these reservoirs, and their recovery factors are typically below 50%. Enhancing gas recovery has been a constant topic for petroleum engineers. In this work, a new development strategy has been presented to reactivate water-invaded gas reservoirs using a combination of horizontal and vertical wells. Around the water-breakthrough regions, horizontal wells are drilled with the target point at the original gas-water transition zone to produce the invaded water. The surrounding old vertical wells are then rescued to produce gas again. Microscale porous simulation and macroscale reservoir simulation have been conducted to reveal the re-activation mechanisms, and the successful application case in Weiyuan gas field has been analyzed in detail. Using the VOF (Volume of Fluid) calculation method and digital rocks, the invasion pathways of the bottom water up to the gas reservoir have been tracked, and quick water intrusion through the fractures has been observed. The invaded water is easily produced after drilling a horizontal well due to its large drainage area. As a result, the gas production rate of the original vertical wells (typically sited at the top of the reservoir) experiences a rise. Microscale two-phase flow behaviors are consistent with the reservoir simulation results of Weiyuan gas field, where the water saturation of the entire reservoir is significantly decreased if a horizontal well is implemented to produce water. In the gas field, 8 horizontal wells were drilled along the water-breakthrough regions during 2008-2014. The good field response indicates the strategy’s success since the original vertical wells in the near-horizontal-well region have returned to producing gas, confirming that the invaded water is produced and further water intrusion is avoided, preventing damage to the upper gas reservoirs. This proposed method offers a solution to the nearly abandoned carbonate gas reservoir, providing the possibility of further recovering the remaining gas resource. The successful application in Weiyuan gas field can serve as a valuable reference for similar types of gas reservoirs worldwide.
Near Wellbore Cement Integrity of CO2 Geologic Storage in Mature Gas Field, Malaysia
Authors: Leem Junghun , Sazali Yon Azwa , Riyanto Latief , Ebining Amir Muhammad Syafeeq
Published: October 2023

Appraising CO2 leakage risks and ensuring the long-term CO2 containment integrity of existing and new wells are key factors in guaranteeing the sustainability of potential CO2 geologic storage in a depleted mature gas field. Particularly, considering CO2 leakage through cement itself (i.e., sheath and plug) and cement interfaces with casing is critical in assessing the CO2 leakage risks and the long-term containment integrity sustainability.

To estimate CO2 leakage through cement sheath/plug and cement-casing interfaces, two separate work scopes were identified and addressed. First, a corrosion-based cement damage model was developed to assess CO2 leakage risks through cement sheath/plug based on the stress corrosion crack theory, which implies mechanical and chemical corrosion effects on mechanical materials (i.e., chemical-mechanical coupling). Thus, the stress corrosion-based cement damage model can account for corrosion effects on cement due to CO2 exposure in a CO2 geologic storage and assess CO2 leakage through the damaged cement sheath/plug.

Later, a cement interface debonding model was developed to estimate CO2 leakage risks through cement-casing interfaces. The interface debonding model is based on conventional static failure criteria, as well as analytical hydraulic fracturing methods simulating interface debonding as small-scale hydraulic fracturing caused by CO2 injection. The cement interface debonding model can be applied for cement-casing bond integrity analysis to estimate CO2 leakage risks and rates through the debonded interfaces.
Process and Lessons Learned Using Hollow Glass Spheres for Drilling Depleted Fields
Authors: Rylance Martin , Sherishorin Vitaly
Published: October 2023

Two major mature oilfields with multiple rigs (> 150) delivering hundreds of thousands of drilled metres annually, suffered from severe induced losses during their ongoing development and also redevelopment phases. These events of course significantly impacted the overall drilling performance, leading to substantial production issues and poor economics. Although the fundamental underlying nature of the losses varied; proven success in both cases was to significantly reduce the mud weight. Additionally, in both cases, the key to achieving this needed to be a solution using low-cost, minimal rig modification approaches while at the same time retaining the well productivity at equivalent levels.

The applied solutions Team both identified and screened a number of approaches for achieving an effective MW reduction, and this process resulted in the proposal for the use of Hollow Glass Spheres (HGS) as the preferred methodology. A thorough study of the available literature and previous industry experience had demonstrated that HGS potentially met all of the requirements. In order to confirm the compatibility of the HGS, a series of laboratory tests were planned and performed; followed by a set of structured field trials, confirming the suitability of this technology. These results were then collated into a Basis of Design (BoD) for a drilling fluid system utilising HGS for drilling through target zones with abnormally low pore pressures, capturing lessons learned from all stages of their application.

This paper will describe the details of the screening for the available solutions; as well as performing the feasibility study through laboratory tests and field trials. It will report on the phased approach taken for piloting the technology, describing the challenges and risks that were assessed, faced, and mitigated during both the testing and trialling stages. A review of the post-deployment lessons learned, techniques used, and approaches corrected during subsequent trial period(s) will be presented. A summary of the economic assumptions made, and their evolution will be covered; and then discussed with regards to technology upscaling and the further proposed developments and enhancements.

The results of the HGS technical solution have greatly exceeded the original expectations and continuous improvement of the technology indicates much more to come. Discussions of the possible modifications and improvement to the HGS fluid system are ongoing and involve formulation, HGS type, logistics, strategy of HGS mud utilisation … etc. The use of HGS on these two oilfields has been novel and has resulted in a generally greater interest and appetite within the industry for this area of application.
Digital Champion: A Self-Voluntary Program That Brings Vast Impacts in EMCL’s Digitalisation Journey
Authors: Silvana Annisa , Chairunissa Cindy , Prasetyawati Bramanty , Oktafian Yuan
Published: October 2023

Digitalisation has been a significant enabler in most industries in improving business process and delivering value in recent years. The oil and gas industry is one of the industries that has been adopting digitalisation as part of their strategy to continue to bring innovations in most areas of the business. ExxonMobil Cepu Limited (EMCL) recognized the growth of digitalisation demand in the business while availability of internal local resources with digital skills were still very limited. This prompted EMCL to find alternative ways to manage the growing digital needs within local capabilities. The idea of having internal local business resources as Digital Champions was established to bring in more digital energy.

Digital Champion is a self-voluntary program, which distinct the program with other resource planning initiatives. When the program was launched in 2021, there were 45 people that joined as Digital Champion from cross-functions, showing the appetite of EMCL organization to digitalisation. Further, as the work progresses to 2022, the number has increased up to 80 Digital Champions, making 11% of EMCL population. Digital curriculum is tailored and prepared to answer business needs and feasibility as part of individual digital upskilling. The curriculum includes Data Literacy, Digital Tools and Agile Adoption.

In its two-year journey, the program has continuously delivered values to the company. Many improvements to the business process which resulted in optimization and an increase in productivity have been delivered. Individual impacts have also been noticeable, by way of each Digital Champion manage to level up their digital skills. The program also nurtures collaborative environment and enable synergy cross-functionally as a team.

Without limiting the boundaries of the Digital Champion program just as an enabler of digitalisation in the organization, this program is also designed for the sustainability of delivered digitalisation results and continuous improvements. It is believed that although the organization will have more capacity of dedicated resources for digitalisation, the self-voluntary Digital Champion program will remain to be valuable not just for the organization but also for the individuals.
Revival of an Oil Well with Successful Water Shut Off by Novel Placement Technique of Exclusively Optimized Cross-Linked Polymer
Authors: Pandit Vikrant Daksh , Gupta Vinod Kumar , Betanabelli Nagiresu , Sutaria Ishaq , Saklani Diksha
Published: October 2023

Excessive water production is a major problem worldwide for petroleum industry as it increases operating and production cost in terms of lifting and processing cost per barrel of oil. Presence of micro channels behind the casing due to poor cementation, which sometime become irreparable by secondary cementation, are common cause for water entry into the well bore. The problem was addressed with exclusively designed organic polymeric gel system with its novel placement.

To find out the reason of high water production, the well was analyzed comprehensively and methodically with the help of structural contour map, conventional well log data, production performance, SBT-USIT log, VDL, pulsar test and work over history. Low viscous deep penetrating polymer was optimized in the laboratory. Further the optimized polymer was cross-linked with organic cross linkers to achieve well specific polymeric gel system to invade into micro channels and block them. The Polymeric gel system was placed into the micro channels with the help of shale layers through appropriate job designing and execution.

The well K-X of "K" Field (India) faced high water production in its early stage of production. The initial production rate in the well was Qo: 170 m3/d with 10% water cut. Within one week of production, water cut started rising and reached to 100% in a month. High water cut in the well was found due to entry of extraneous water and bottom water into the well bore from upper and lower part of perforations through micro channels behind the casing which could not be repaired with two attempts of secondary cementation. The task of curtailing extraneous water and bottom water entry into the well bore was successfully accomplished by water shut off job execution using organic cross-linked polymeric gel system and its novel placement in the reservoir. On activation after water shut off job, the well was put on sustained production of 63 m3/d oil along with negligible water production. The well flowed with its peak production of 81m3/d with 3.5 % water cut after job and resulted in incremental oil gain of more than 35,000 m3 in two years.

The novelty of this job lies in the approach of repairing of cement behind casing with polymeric gel system when attempts of secondary cementations become unsuccessful. Novelty also exists in optimization of well specific gel system and ensuring their penetration into micro channels with appropriate designing of job plan and its execution.