bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head forward flexion, lateral bending and viewing distance in smartphone users: A comparison between sitting and standing postures
Authors: Vahedi Zahra , Mazloumi Adel , Sharifnezhad Ali , Kazemi Zeinab , Garosi Ehsan
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Smartphones (SPs) are widely used by people of all age groups and genders. Users spend many hours per day on the SPs for different purposes, which imposes significant stress on their musculoskeletal system. OBJECTIVES: This study explored head forward flexion, lateral bending angle, and viewing distance while working with a SP in sitting/standing postures and one-handed/two-handed grips. The users’ performance as well as pain development were also investigated. METHODS: Participants answered a questionnaire on pain experience before and after SP usage. Neck kinematics of 20 SP users were monitored by a motion analysis system while doing three tasks (typing, video watching, and reading) in sitting and standing postures. Performance was evaluated by number of typed words, amount of errors in typing, and total read words. RESULTS: The results indicated a significant increase in pain complaints in neck and upper limbs after test completion. Working with SPs in sitting and standing postures were, respectively, associated with greater head forward flexion for watching and viewing distance for two-handed typing tasks. Higher left lateral bending values were measured for one-handed watching and reading tasks in standing posture. The performance measures were superior for two-handed grips in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, using SPs in sitting posture creates greater head forward flexion and lower lateral bending angles in all tasks and grip types. The findings of this study can be used to provide recommendations for SP users.
The impacts of customer satisfaction on loyalty of the youth (18-25 years old) towards e-commerce trading floors in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Nga Nguyen Thi Quynh , Vân Đỗ Hồng
Published: October 2020

The booming of E-commerce trading sites, especially after COVID-19, has aggressively put pressure on the competition in this industry. Hence, building young customers’ loyalty plays a vital role in doing business. One of the best solutions to this problem is to boost customer satisfaction. As customers are satisfied with the products or services provided, they tend to purchase more frequently and eventually become more loyal. Regarding location, HCM City is currently the most potential market for E-commerce development. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to weigh the relative impacts of customer satisfaction factors on the youth’s loyalty (18-25 years old) to E-commerce trading sites in HCM City, address the existing issues, and propose the corresponding solutions. The study used Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with SPSS 20.0 to build, examine, and test the research model through 215 samples indicates that there are five factors, which affect the youth’s loyalty. They are the satisfaction of website design, the satisfaction of the product portfolio, the satisfaction of privacy & security, the satisfaction of delivery, and the satisfaction of the post-sales service. The results reveal that the satisfaction of privacy & security is the most influential factor in the youth’s loyalty, followed by the satisfaction of the post-sales service and the satisfaction of website design. In addition, there are no differences in young customers’ loyalty regardless of genders, occupations, frequencies of visiting E-commerce sites, monthly income levels, and average spending per order. Accordingly, these findings can be good guidance for E-commerce trading sites to formulate suitable development strategies to build the loyalty of customers at the early stage (18-25 years old) and effectively compete in the market. On the other hand, the paper has certain limitations, namely the short duration of collecting primary data (one month) and thus the relatively small sample size compared to the whole population of the youth. Moreover, as the method of data collection is survey-based, the study must be remade for different regions and nations. Also, this paper only covers E-commerce trading sites within the retailing industry. Hence, future research can greatly improve the model by extending the time period of data collection and covering more industries. Besides, a more modern approach such as SEM is a decent option for measurement scales evaluation and model testing, since Multiple Linear Regression Analysis requires strict assumptions and may have a great likelihood of measurement errors.
Depth estimation of the absorbing structure in a slab turbid medium using point spread function
Authors: Dang Nguyen Ngoc An , Phan Van To Ni , Yamamoto Kohei , Nguyen Minh Quang , Tran Anh Tu , Namita Takeshi , Shimizu Koichi , Tran Trung Nghia
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, transillumination imaging is more popular used in the medical field with the development of the vein finder and the non-invasive diagnosis applications. Near-infrared light with a wavelength of 700 - 1200 nm has relatively high transmission through biological tissue. Using near-infrared light, we can able to obtain a two dimensional (2D) transillumination image of the internal absorption structure such as blood vessel structure, liver ... in the body noninvasively. Even with a simple system (light-emitting diode (LED)'s array and low-cost camera), we could obtain the blood vessel transillumination image of human arm. However, the image is severely blurred due to the strong scattering in the tissue. We have devised the depth-dependent point spread function (PSF) to suppress the scattering effect in fluorescent imaging. In previous studies, we successfully applied this principle and developed a technique to reconstruct the absorbing structure in a turbid medium without using fluorescent material. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technique were verified in experiments. However, this point spread function (PSF) is depth dependence, so that the depth information is required in practice. In order to make this method more practical, the new techniques for estimating the parameters of absorbing structure (depth and width) in the turbid medium by convolution and de-convolution with the point spread function (PSF) were devised. This paper presents a new technique for the estimation depth of an absorber in 2D transillumination image. This new technique was developed to estimate the depth of the absorber in turbid medium by convolution operation with the point spread function (PSF). By observing images with two-wavelength selected at which the scattering property of the medium is different. The transillumination image at one of the wavelengths is convolved with the PSF of another wavelength. Two images of alternative wavelengths are compared while changing the depth of the PSF. We can obtain the correct depth that gives a minimum difference between the two convoluted images. This technique does not require the repetition of the unstable deconvolution operation. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was verified in simulation and experiment.
The Effect of Private Inflation and Investment on Unemployment and Poverty in North Maluku Province
Authors: Hasan Nonce , Sun'an Muammil
Published: October 2020

Poverty refers to a person's inability to get a stable livelihood and provide a decent income to support his/her life in a sustainable manner. Poverty is a problem deserving undivided attention in any country. Poverty is triggered by various factors, including low investment levels, high unemployment rates, and slow economic growth. This study aims to: 1) determine the effect of inflation rate and private investment on the unemployment rate; 2) determine the effect of inflation rate and private investment on poverty level; and 3) determine the effect of unemployment rate on poverty level. This study uses time series data from 2012 to 2018 and path analysis. The findings indicate that inflation has a positive effect on unemployment and poverty, and the level of private investment has a negative effect on unemployment and poverty.
Relationship Economic Growth with Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Runtunuwu Prince Charles Heston
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the one-way causality relationship between foreign investment and economic growth, a one-way causality relationship between economic growth and foreign investment, and a two-way causality relationship between foreign investment and economic growth in Indonesia. This was conducted in Indonesia, the data are secondary data taken using the method time series from 1971 to 2018 from the official websites, the Investment Coordinating Board, and literature sources, Foreign Investment and Gross Domestic Product. (1) in the long run the Economic Growth variable has a significant effect on Foreign Direct Investment, and vice versa; and (2) the Foreign Direct Investment variable has a significant effect on Economic Growth; (3) in the short term, the Economic Growth variable has an influence on Foreign Direct Investment, and vice versa; and the Foreign Direct Investment variable has an influence on Economic Growth. It is possible to have a better long-term relationship, bringing positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia when investment in Indonesia increases. Conversely, when economic growth decreases, it means that foreign investment is also low. Granger Causality test, shows a two-way causality relationship between Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment and vice versa. It is necessary to maintain growth to attract foreign direct investment, as well as foreign investment. Investment climate needs to be improved enabling to invest in Indonesia.
Work Discipline and Financial Compensation Effect on Employees’ Performance in Library and Regional Archives of Ternate City
Authors: Nurlaila Nurlaila , Buamona Risdam
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the work discipline and financial compensation effect on employee performance, partially and simultaneously, as well as the dominant variables that affect employee performance. Respondents used in this study were 40 people. The method of analysis uses multiple linear regression and to test the hypothesis using SPSS as a statistical test tool. The results showed that partially the work discipline variable (X1) and compensation variable (X2) had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and simultaneously work discipline and financial compensation had a positive and significant effect on the Ternate City Regional Library and Archives employees’ performance.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МИРОВОЇ УГОДИ У ЦИВІЛЬНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ
Authors: Тріпульський Григорій Яковлевич
Published: October 2020

У статті розглядаються теоретичні аспекти змісту мирових угод у цивільному процесі в розрізі регулювання даного інституту одночасно нормами матеріального і процесуального права. Наведено особливості вимог до змісту мирових угод у цивільному процесі у порівнянні із загальними вимогами до змісту цивільно-правих угод. Мирова угода у цивільному процесі повинна вирішувати цивільний спір, що є предметом відповідного судового розгляду, та засновуватись на взаємних поступках сторін, тобто бути дво- або багатостороннім договором. Слід звернути увагу на істотну відмінність звичайного цивільного договору та мирової угоди. Держава не контролює зміст кожного окремого договору на момент його укладення, а лише встановлює певні загальні вимоги до нього; зміст лише деяких із договорів стає предметом перевірки його на відповідність вимогам законодавства, наприклад, у випадку судового розгляду спору, що виник у зв’язку з таким договором. Доцільно відзначити, що цивільним процесуальним законом передбачене право сторін вийти за предмет спору. У такому випадку, мирова угода має не порушувати прав чи охоронюваних законом інтересів третіх осіб. зміст кожної мирової угоди є предметом перевірки судом, що розглядає можливість її ухвалення, на відповідність його положенням чинного законодавства. Така «прискіпливість» пояснюється тим, що держава через суд бере участь в укладенні такої мирової угоди, обов’язковість такої угоди обумовлюються не лише наявністю взаємної волі сторін на настання відповідних правових наслідків, але й волею держави на те, щоб умови затвердженої судом мирової угоди були виконані. На сьогоднішній день альтернативні засоби вирішення спорів набувають все більшої і більшої популярності. Одним із найрозповсюдженіших видів таких засобів є мирова угода в процесі розгляду цивільної справи судом.
Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Limbah Tahu Cair Melalui Metode Frekuensi Waktu Penyiraman terhadap Pertumbuhan Produksi Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Mau Maria M. M. , Nahak T. B. Oktovianus R. , Kia Kristoforus W.
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor, Kelurahan Sasi, Kecamatan Kota, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Penelitian berlangsung selama 1 periode produksi (45 HST) yaitu dari akhir Maret sampai awal juni 2019. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis nilai pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput gajah yang diberi perlakuan frekuensi waktu penyiraman limbah tahu cair. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga terdapat 16 unit satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari: R0 = Tanpa penyiraman limbah tahu, R1=Frekuensi penyiraman 2 hari sekali, R2= Frekuensi penyiraman 4 hari sekali, R3= Frekuensi penyiraman 6 hari sekali. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, berat segar daun dan berat kering daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan frekuensi waktu penyiraman limbah tahu cair, memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap berat segar daun yang di hasilkan namun tidak berbeda terhadap tinggi tanaman diameter batang dan berat kering yang dihasilkan. Disimpulkan bahwa limbah tahu cair dengan frekuensi waktu penyiraman yang baik terdapat pada perlakuan R1 yaitu 2 hari sekali, limbah tahu cair memiliki kemampuan untuk memperbaiki tekstur tanah dan dapat merangsang pertumbuhan rumput gajah dalam hal ini pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, berat segar daun, dan berat kering daun.
Searching for Identity in the Writings of Bangladeshi Muslim Women Writers
Authors: Roshan Morve , Nashrin Kadri
Published: October 2020

This research depicts the significance of Bangladeshi women writing with articulates their identity and struggle for equality. This faded positive change creates a convenient platform for young women as well as changes the world’s stereotypical male point of view. Also, Bangladeshi women writers have focused on the exasperation history, globally women’s condition and marked women’s foregrounded lightly touched their untold history. Furthermore, this article argues that the Bangladeshi diaspora identity crisis as a major issue of the globe. Interestingly, there are many different types of identity such as national identity, ethnic identity, communal identity, gender identity and so on. In these types of identities, we are going to focus on the gender identity which challenges women discrimination. The gender inequality has started from their birth time. We have trapped in a male disoriented dominating the world where we can see disquieting gender inequality in every field and in every country of the world. Remarkably, this research engages to the Bangladeshi Muslim women’s representation as other women. As we can see that very few research works have focused on the positive disoblige aspect and to deny divisive ideas leads our interest to write this paper. It has been seen that today’s long gap of the discrepancy fills a gap to know how women encourage us to talk about our vague memory of women’s dividends contribution and disparity in society and literature.
Rynek kryptowalut w Polsce i jego instytucjonalne uwarunkowania
Authors: Spyra Łukasz
Published: October 2020

Rynek kryptowalut już od czasu swojego powstania budził wiele kontrowersji oraz obaw związanych z zagrożeniami, które stwarza obrót walutą wirtualną. Gwałtowny wzrost wartości Bitcoina w 2017 roku, miał wpływ na znaczny wzrost zainteresowania inwestorów, instytucji oraz podmiotów związanych z rynkami finansowymi, które nie dotyczyło jedynie chęci wzbogacenia się. Technologia blockchain oraz bazujący na niej rynek kryptowalut, umożliwiają rozwój technologii, szybki i bezpieczny przepływ kapitału oraz mają wiele innych zastosowań, które w przyszłości mogą doprowadzić do rewolucyjnych zmian i odkryć. Jednakże należy również pamiętać, że rynek waluty wirtualnej stwarza warunki dla szeroko rozumianej działalności przestępczej i terrorystycznej, będących zagrożeniem dla funkcjonowania całego systemu polityczno-gospodarczego. Kluczowym elementem dla zapewnienia pełnej wydajności rynkowej i wykorzystania całego zakresu możliwości rozwoju, przy zachowaniu bezpieczeństwa istniejących na nim podmiotów, jest kreowanie budujących rynek właściwych uwarunkowań instytucjonalnych. Umożliwią one zachowanie równowagi między poziomem ingerencji w system finansowy związanej z wprowadzeniem regulacji dotyczących waluty wirtualnej a swobodnym rozwojem rynku i możliwościami, które za sobą niesie.
Exercício como mobilização precoce em pacientes com uso de drogas vasoativas
Authors: Morais Amanda Mariano , Penha Daiane Naiara da , Costa Danila Gonçalves , Schweling Vanessa Beatriz Aparecida Fontes , Spadari Jaqueline Aparecida Almeida , Gardenghi Giulliano
Published: October 2020

ntrodução: São claros os benefícios funcionais da mobilização precoce (MP) capaz de minimizar limitações e deformidades diante do imobilismo, porém são muitas as barreiras para conduzir a MP como prática de rotina na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), entre elas, o uso de drogas vasoativas (DVA), visto que está diretamente relacionado à fraqueza adquirida na UTI, além da presença da resistência da equipe multidisciplinar em mobilizar o paciente em uso de DVA. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é levantar embasamento científico no manejo do paciente crítico em uso de DVA para MP em UTI. Métodos: É uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com pesquisa nas bases de dados: PEDro, Pubmed, Lilacs, com artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2018, em português e inglês, utilizando os termos: vasoactive drugs, early mobility, exercise in ICU, vasopressor e seus equivalentes em português. Resultados: Foram incluídos nove trabalhos que analisaram a intervenção de MP em pacientes com uso de DVA, com ou sem suporte ventilatório. Não houve um tratamento homogêneo entre os trabalhos pesquisados, variando entre exercícios no leito e fora, de ação passiva e/ou ativa. Porém, independente da conduta, houve melhora da resposta cardiovascular sem alterações relevantes quanto ao uso da DVA. Conclusão: A MP não é contraindicada para pacientes em UTI com uso de DVA e mostrou-se eficaz e segura sem promover alterações hemodinâmicas e cardiorrespiratórias relevantes, que determinassem sua contraindicação absoluta.
The intertwining of vocational aptitude and interest: A study among university students in Indonesia
Authors: Fatuhrahmah Ufi , Darusmin Dian Fithriwati , Widiana Herlina Siwi
Published: October 2020

Vocational aptitude and interest are the fundamental factors that education and career counselors utilize to provide suggestions to clients. These concepts are often considered as separate constructs. However, aptitude and interest are interrelated and should both be considered when making career decisions. This study involved as many as 343 university students as participants. Two measurement tools were used: Employee Aptitude Survey (EAS) to measure aptitude and Self-Directed Search (SDS) Holland to measure vocational interest. The data were analyzed using canonical and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. The findings show that there is a correlation between several types of interest and several types of aptitude. Vocational interest that has the strongest correlation with aptitude was the investigative interest, while the numerical aptitude test has the strongest correlation with interest. In the process of career decision-making, particularly for university students, both aptitude and interest must be taken into consideration, especially the investigative interest and numerical aptitude.
Dynamic Ideology of Traditionality in Developing Holy Places at Hindus Family in Cakranegara Territory Mataram City
Authors: Wirawan I Wayan Ardhi
Published: October 2020

This study aims to examine the dynamics of traditionality ideology in building holy place among Hindus families in Cakranegara territory, Mataram city. This research was designed in the type of interpretative qualitative research using a case study model. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed through the stages of classification, reduction, and interpretation. Tri angulation techniques, both tri angulation methods and tri angulation of data sources were used to check the validity of the data. The results showed that the dynamics of traditional ideology in building holy place of Hindu families had been indicated by transformation of cultural traditions at Hinduism practices in four dimensions. First, the position of placing the holy place later no longer applies traditional concepts in a rigid and standard manner. Second, with regard to the spatial size in the construction of holy place in at Hindu families is no longer fixed on the size of the spatial layout that is traditionally applied but adjusted to the situation and condition of karang paumahan (area of home). Third, the form of holy has adapted to the inclusion of external culture. Fourth, the number of pelinggih (holiy place buildings) tends to decrease, especially in the relatively small area of home.

Keywords: dynamics, traditionality ideology, holy place, Hindu families.
Characterization of diversity and community structure of small planktonic copepods in the Kuroshio region off Japan using a metabarcoding approach
Authors: Hirai J , Yamazaki K , Hidaka K , Nagai S , Shimizu Y , Ichikawa T
Published: October 2020

Small copepods are important prey for fish larvae in the Kuroshio region off southern Japan. However, revealing entire community structures of small copepods is difficult using conventional methods. We applied a metabarcoding method to size-fractionated community samples of epipelagic copepods (small: 0.1-0.5 mm, medium: 0.5-1.0 mm, and large: 1.0-2.0 mm). Samples were collected from 2013 to 2016 from the shoreward (Kuroshio Slope, KS) and oceanic (Kuroshio Gyre, KG) sides of the Kuroshio Current at 138° E; the results were compared with those in the center of the subtropical gyre (SG). The KS and KG sites showed both spatial differences and seasonal changes, with distinct differences between winter-spring and summer-autumn in each size-fractionated community. Water temperature markedly influenced copepod diversity and community structure, especially in the small size fraction. Warm-water species in the SG intruded into the Kuroshio regions during high-temperature periods, leading to high diversity in summer-autumn. Inter-annual environmental variations influenced by temperature and productivity were evident in KS, leading to clear changes in the sequence proportions of dominant small copepods includingParacalanussp. and immature stages of the large copepodCalanus sinicus. Immature stages of medium/large copepods formed a substantial proportion of small-copepod communities in the Kuroshio regions (KS: 28.8%; KG: 24.7%; SG: 11.9%; based on average proportions of sequence reads). Because of their ecological importance and sensitivity to environmental changes, monitoring communities of small copepods with high taxonomic resolution may provide further insights into marine ecosystems, including fish recruitment, in the Kuroshio region.
Involvement of Membrane Fluidity in Endogenous Protective Processes Running on Subcellular Membrane Systems of the Rat Heart
Authors: ZIEGELHÖFFER A. , WACZULÍKOVÁ I. , FERKO M. , ŠIKUROVÁ L. , MUJKOŠOVÁ J. , RAVINGEROVÁ T.
Published: October 2020

Membrane fluidity is a widely recognized biophysical variable that provides information about structural organization of the subcellular membranes exhibiting physical characteristics of liquid crystals. The term “fluidity” reflects in this case the tightness in packing of acyl parts of the membrane phospholipid molecules, a feature that may influence considerably the molecular mobility and via that also the sensitivity and reactivity of membrane-bound transporters, receptors and enzyme systems. Data presented in this review are aimed to demonstrate the substantial role of changes in membrane fluidity occurring in the processes associated with endogenous protection observed in cardiac sarcolemma and mitochondria in diverse pathologies, particularly in diabetes and hypertension.
The Impact of Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors on Cardiac Response to Ischemia and Possibilities to Restore Impaired Ischemic Tolerance
Authors: RAVINGEROVÁ T. , ČARNICKÁ S. , NEMČEKOVÁ M. , LEDVÉNYIOVÁ V. , ADAMEOVÁ A. , KHANDELWAL V. K. M. , ZÁLEŠÁK M. , KOLÁŘ F.
Published: October 2020

Risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular diseases associated with modern lifestyle, such as stress, chronically increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia have a negative impact on the heart exposed to ischemia: their may facilitate its lethal injury (myocardial infarction) and occurrence of sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias. On the other hand, some stressful stimuli related to RF including reactive oxygen species, transient episodes of ischemia (hypoxia), high glucose and other may play a dual role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI). Besides their deleterious effects, these factors may trigger adaptive processes in the heart resulting in greater resistance against IRI, which is also a characteristic feature of the female myocardium. However, sensitivity to ischemia is increasing with age in both genders. Current research indicates that comorbidity related to lifestyle may impair the cardiac response to acute ischemia not only by interference with pathophysiological mechanisms of IRI per se, but via suppression of intrinsic protective mechanisms in the heart and its ability to tolerate the ischemic challenges, although the role of RF has not been unequivocally proven. Moreover, even pathologically altered myocardium need not completely lose its adaptive potential. In addition, increased ischemic tolerance can be induced by the pleiotropic (independent of the primary) effects of some hypolipidemic and antidiabetic drugs, even in the diseased myocardium. This review addresses the issue of the impact of RF on cellular cardioprotective mechanisms and the possibilities to restore adaptive potential in subjects challenged with several RF. Reactivation of adaptive processes in the myocardium taking into consideration gender and age can contribute to optimalization of antiischemic therapy.
Behavioral and Antinociceptive Effects of Different Psychostimulant Drugs in Prenatally Methamphetamine-Exposed Rats
Authors: YAMAMOTOVÁ A. , ŠLAMBEROVÁ R.
Published: October 2020

Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine (METH) increases nociceptive sensitivity in adult rats. As the strong analgesics have high abuse potential and drugs of abuse are known to have analgesic properties, the aim was to study analgesic effect of different psychostimulants in control and prenatally METH-exposed rats. Latencies of withdrawal reflexes of hind limbs and the tail on thermal nociceptive stimuli were repeatedly measured in 15-min intervals after the application of 5 mg/kg s.c. of amphetamine (AMPH), methamphetamine (METH), cocaine (COC), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or morphine (MOR). In all groups, AMPH induced on hind limbs stronger analgesia than METH and MDMA whereas COC and MOR were practically without any effect. On the tail, effect of AMPH did not differ from that of MOR. All psychostimulants increased defecation in comparison with MOR and in all groups the number of defecation boluses positively correlated with analgesia of the hind limbs. We did not confirm that prenatal exposure to METH makes adult rats more sensitive either to same drug or to other psychostimulants. The different analgesic potencies of psychostimulants and MOR at different body sites indicate the possible existence of a somatotopic organization of pain inhibition, which is controlled by different mechanisms.
DEADLOCK ALGORITHM FOR ADVANCED SYNTACTICAL ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FOR QUANTUM COMPUTERS
Authors:   East Siberian College of Tourism and Service, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, KISHKAN VLADIMIR , SAFONOV KONSTANTIN ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

When developing promising programming languages designed to support the work of supercomputers, including quantum ones, there is a need for research related to testing the developed language under conditions when parsers do not yet exist for it. In particular, in the process of developing a programming language for a quantum computer, it becomes necessary to parse a certain program written in a new programming language, which, like all programming languages, belongs to the class of context-free languages (cf-languages). The problem of syntactical analysis of the monomials of cf-languages was posed in the 50-60s of the last century, however, there are some discrepancies in its formulation, and therefore there is a need to clarify the formulation of this problem. In this regard, we will call the expanded problem of parsing the problem of developing a stupid (non-stop, irrevocable) algorithm that allows establishing whether a given monomial can be deduced using a system of products that form a cf-language grammar, and also find all the conclusions of this monomial at once if the latter exists. The description of the monomial inference is understood as follows: it is necessary to determine for which products from the grammar of the cf-language, how many times and in what order they are used to derive this monomial, which is equivalent to constructing all the output trees. The article has developed a deadlockless algorithm for solving the extended problem of parsing, based on the method of hierarchy of marked brackets. The marked brackets order shows what products they are assigned to, and allows you to trace the order of its use. The algorithm uses the method of successive approximations to solve the Chomsky-Schützenberger system of equations associated with the cf-language grammar. The developed algorithm has a simple software implementation; an assessment of the complexity of the algorithm is also given.
KINEMATIC FEATURES OF THE LAPPING PROCESS AND DETERMINATION OF ITS BASIC PARAMETERS
Authors:   War College of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, SARVAN SHIRVAN EZIZ
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses the kinematic characteristics of lapping process and the main parameters of the process. It was determined that the influencing degree of technological parameters to the forming surface and processes. It was projected the construction of the lapping head for processing of internal cylindrical surfaces, scheme of the lapping operation and graphic description of the forces influencing. The relationships between the axial, radial and tangential cutting forces and the effect of the combined force thereof are determined in order to ensure the necessary surface pressure. During the analysis geometric and mathematical relationships were obtained. The extracted analytical expressions can be realized by further experimental researches and can be used in engineering calculations of technological parameters of processing by lapping. Angular velocity, friction force, linear velocity, also the length of the tactile curve and the radius of the part can be considered the main kinematic and dynamic parameters of the process that the formation of the surface, also the course of the process depends on these parameters. Depending on the kinematic parameters, the wear nature of the tool changes and this changes the linear and angular velocities, which have a significant impact on the accuracy, quality and productivity of processing. When examining the technological capabilities of the process, the nature of the movement between the part and the grinding tool, also changes in cutting speed are often considered as a main factor. Analytical expressions were obtained to determine the main parameters of the process, taking into account the kinematic characteristics of the friction process. These expressions can be used in engineering calculations and allow to determine the optimal values of the processing mode. In order to obtain the required micrometric surface cleanliness and measurement accuracy, correlation relationships were established between the main parameters of the process, equations of the equilibrium system of shear forces were compiled and analytical expressions were obtained based on the analysis of kinematic and dynamic properties of the system.
Economic benefit assessment of assets for socially responsible business
Authors:   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, LEVITSKA Svitlana , OSADCHA Olga ,   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering
Published: October 2020

Modern market development concepts which determine the need for a comprehensive assessment of business performance through social security impact on the environmental safety programs implementation at the enterprise level (as well as at the regional and national levels) are generalized. Alternative forms of economic benefits from using production resources in the context of balanced business policy context are studied. The financial results determining practice, based on analytical accounting of economic benefit elements assessment by international entities, taking into account their impact on economic development, social protection and environmental security are revealed. Alternative criteria of economic benefits, that are the conceptual income and expenses basis, as well as features of financial results based on analytical accounting of economic benefit elements (taking into account their impact on economic development, social protection and environmental security) are substantiated. Оbjectives of the article are: generalization of factors influencing the formation of economic benefits of enterprises’ assets, taking into account the requirements for socio-economic and environmental balance of business; justification of both methodological and organizational approaches and variable forms of economic benefit identification, its evaluation, accounting and analytical support. Criteria for assessing socio-economic benefit, social effect are specified. Methodical and practical approaches to economic benefit classification as an object of both accounting and management are proposed, such as potential of utility of future economic and implemented economic benefit. The international Managerial Accounting practice, analytical level of which identifies economic benefits depending on the period of its receipt is generalized. The use of the above economic benefit classification will improve accounting and analytical information reliability for managers to make effective operational and strategic decisions.
The Risky Closed Economy: A Holistic, Longitudinal Approach to Studying Fear and Anxiety in Rodents
Authors: Schuessler Bryan P. , Zambetti Peter R. , Fukuoka Kisho M. , Kim Eun Joo , Kim Jeansok J.
Published: October 2020

Basic research of fear and anxiety in rodents has historically utilized a limited set of behavioral paradigms, for example, Pavlovian (classical) fear conditioning, the elevated plus-maze, or inhibitory (passive) avoidance. These traditional paradigms measure a limited selection of variables over a short duration, providing only a “snapshot” of fear and anxiety-related behavior. Overreliance on these paradigms and such behavioral snapshots ultimately lead to a narrow understanding of these complex motivational states. Here, we elaborate on the closed economy; a seldom-used paradigm that has been modified to comprehensively study fear and anxiety-related behavior and neurocircuitry in rodents. In this modified “Risky Closed Economy (RCE)” paradigm, animals live nearly uninterrupted in behavioral chambers where the need to acquire food and water and avoid threat is integrated into the task. Briefly, animals are free to acquire all of their food and water in a designated foraging zone. An unsignaled, unpredictable threat (footshock) is introduced into the foraging zone after a baseline activity and consumption period to model the risk of predation, which is then removed for a final extinction assessment. This longitudinal design, wherein data from a multitude of variables are collected automatically and continuously for 23 h/day over several weeks to months, affords a more holistic understanding of the effects of fear and anxiety on day-to-day behavior. Also, we discuss its general benefits relevant to other topics in neuroscience research, its limitations, and present data demonstrating for the first time The Risky Closed Economy’s viability in mice.
Emotional Intelligence of Managers in Family Businesses in Slovakia
Authors: Minárová Martina , Malá Denisa , Smutný Filip
Published: October 2020

This scientific paper deals with the issue of the global level of emotional intelligence of managers in family enterprises. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance and positive impact of skills of managers in the form of emotional intelligence, which we consider as an important predictor of managerial work in family enterprises. The aim of this paper is also to suggest possibilities of further development of individual factors of emotional intelligence in managers. The object of the survey was the global level of emotional intelligence of managers according to Petrides. We determined the level of four factors (well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability) of emotional intelligence using TEIQue online questionnaires. When evaluating the research results, we used methods of descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) processed in the statistical program SPSS. In a sample of 286 randomly contacted family business managers, the results showed us that the global level of emotional intelligence of managers in family enterprises is medium–high. In the examined factors, we found some deficiencies in self-control and sociability in women’s results and some in self-control and emotionality in men’s results. Slovakia as a globalized country has undergone many changes, so enterprises have also changed their point of view of management. Nevertheless, enterprises’ investments in the development of personality of family enterprise managers are incomparably smaller than in other countries. We are convinced that these presented results will help managers in family enterprises realize that their better future is in streamlining managerial activities. Only then will managers have enough time to plan for the future, cope with unpredictable situations, and especially have time for their happiness and family life.
Irrigated Agriculture on Saline Soils: A Perspective
Authors: Tedeschi Anna
Published: October 2020

Approximately 6.5% of the world’s arable and marginal soils are either saline or sodic. The situation will worsen due to climate change. Regardless of the cause that generated the salinity, i.e., whether primary or secondary, the effect of soil salinization on plant growth and on living organisms will be severe. To mitigate such impacts, several studies have been carried out over the years with the aim of providing technical or management solutions to deal with the multiple consequences of soil salinity. A review by Cuevas et al. proposes a new approach looking for solutions through soil-improving cropping systems (SICSs). The SICSs have to prevent, mitigate or remediate the negative impacts of soil salinization. The efforts of Cuevas et al. were to organize the analyses by focusing on SICSs that would: (1) prevent or halt secondary salinization; (2) cope with salinization; (3) reverse salinization. The study is concluded by an effort to assess the impacts of each SICS and of the combined SICSs application in terms of agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects. Both economic constraints and the collective willingness of stakeholders to innovate are taken into in the evaluation of feasibility. It is important to put into practice and/or identify a number of sustainable actions, at low environmental input, to improve crop tolerance to water deficit and high salinity as well as to preserve biodiversity and mitigate the impact of climate changes. At the same time, these actions would ensure crop productivity in the area, thus guaranteeing environment and social benefits to the local population, and thus weakening the motivation to abandon the land. The aim of this editorial is to propose a broader perspective on the review by Cuevas et al. “A Review of Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Soil Salinization”. In the review, the authors go through several soil-improving cropping systems (SICSs) by considering them separately or in combination with the aim to provide guidelines towards resolving, counteracting or mitigating soil salinity. I tried to highlight the strengths of the study by Cuevas et al., while suggesting related topics that may deserve further attention by the community.
Efficacy of Oxyclozanide and Closantel against Rumen Flukes (Paramphistomidae) in Naturally Infected Sheep
Authors: García-Dios David , Díaz Pablo , Viña Miguel , Remesar Susana , Prieto Alberto , López-Lorenzo Gonzalo , Cao Jose Manuel Díaz , Panadero Rosario , Díez-Baños Pablo , López Ceferino Manuel
Published: October 2020

Paramphistomosis is considered an emergent disease of ruminants in Europe. Some drugs have been found effective for treating paramphistomid infections in cattle, but data in sheep are currently limited. Thus, faecal samples from 25 adult sheep naturally infected with paramphistomids were collected weekly to test the efficacy of oxyclozanide and closantel. Three groups were performed: nine animals orally treated with a single dose of oxyclozanide (15 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) integrated the G-OXI group, whereas eight sheep orally treated with a single dose of closantel (10 mg/kg BW) were placed in a group called G-CLS. Eight untreated controls constituted the group G-CON. Oxyclozanide showed efficacies up to 90% until week 11 post-treatment, with a maximum efficacy of 98.3%, and significant differences were found between G-OXI and G-CON until the 26th week post-treatment. Closantel was insufficiently active (0–81%) throughout the study and differences compared to G-CON were never found. The present study reveals that oxyclozanide given at a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg BW is highly effective against adult rumen flukes in sheep. In addition, the use of a single oral dose of closantel at 10 mg/kg BW is not recommended for treating paramphistomid infections in sheep.
Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets
Authors: Caprarulo Valentina , Hejna Monika , Giromini Carlotta , Liu Yanhong , Dell’Anno Matteo , Sotira Stefania , Reggi Serena , Sgoifo-Rossi Carlo Angelo , Callegari Maria Luisa , Rossi Luciana
Published: October 2020

In pig livestock, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics are needed to control enteric infections. Plant extracts such as tannins can represent an alternative as a natural source of functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and in vivo effects of oral supplementation of combined chestnut (Ch) and quebracho (Qu) tannins in order to establish if they can induce a positive effect on weaned piglets’ performance, metabolic status and fecal parameters. In vitro digestibility (dry matter, DM) of diets was calculated using a multi-step enzymatic technique. In vitro digested diet samples were further tested on an intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2). Weaned piglets (n = 120; 28 ± 2 day old) were randomly allotted to two groups (12 pens in total with 10 pigs per pen): control (Ctrl) and treatment (Ch/Qu). After one week of adaptation (day 0), 35-day-old piglets in the Ctrl group were fed a Ctrl diet and the Ch/Qu group were fed with 1.25% Ch/Qu for 40 days. Body weight and feed intake per pen were recorded weekly. At day 40, blood and fecal samples were collected. Principal metabolic parameters were evaluated from blood samples by enzymatic colorimetric analysis. Total phenolic compounds, urea, and ammonia in feces were analyzed (Megazyme International, Bray, Ireland). In vitro digestibility and cell viability assays showed that the inclusion of 1.25% Ch/Qu slightly reduced diet digestibility compared with the Ctrl diet, while intestinal cell viability was not altered with low concentrations of Ch/Qu digesta compared with Ctrl. In vivo results did not show any adverse effects of Ch/Qu on feed intake and growth performance, confirming that dietary inclusion of Ch/Qu at a concentration of 1.25% did not impair animal performance. The decreased diet DM digestibility in the Ch/Qu diet may cause increased serum concentration of albumin (Ctrl: 19.30 ± 0.88; Ch/Qu: 23.05 ± 0.88) and albumin/globulin ratio (Ctrl: 0.58 ± 0.04; Ch/Qu: 0.82 ± 0.04), but decreased creatinine (Ctrl: 78.92 ± 4.18; Ch/Qu: 54.82 ± 4.18) and urea (Ctrl: 2.18 ± 0.19; Ch/Qu: 0.95 ± 0.19) compared with Ctrl. Pigs in the Ch/Qu group contained higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of fecal phenolic compounds and nitrogen than the Ctrl group, while fecal ammonia and urea were not affected by tannins. In conclusion, Ch/Qu tannin supplementation did not influence growth performance. Although lower digestibility was observed in the diet supplemented with Ch/Qu tannins, Ch/Qu supplementation did not show any adverse effect on intestinal epithelial cell viability.
Paratuberculosis in Captive Scimitar-Horned Oryxes (Oryx dammah)
Authors: Pigoli Claudio , Garbarino Chiara , Ricchi Matteo , Bonacina Eleonora , Gibelli Lucia , Grieco Valeria , Scaltriti Erika , Roccabianca Paola , Sironi Giuseppe , Russo Simone , Pongolini Stefano , Arrigoni Norma
Published: October 2020

Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), in ten scimitar-horned oryxes (SHOs) hosted in an Italian zoological park and originating from a Slovakian flock, was documented by pathology, molecular, cultural, and serological testing. The infection origin in this threatened species was also investigated by genomic analyses. Following the death of six of the 10 SHOs, serial investigations of dead and alive animals were performed. Necropsy, carried out on five out of six animals, identified intestinal thickening and mesenteric lymphadenomegaly in one of the animals. Histopathology (5/6) revealed lepromatous (2/5) and tuberculoid (2/5) intestinal forms or lack of lesions (1/5). Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemistry stains identified two multibacillary, two paucibacillary forms, and one negative case. MAP was identified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in tissue samples in five out of five SHOs and was microbiologically isolated from two of the three animals whose fresh tissue samples were available. Fecal samples were collected in four of the six dead animals: all four resulted positive to qPCR and in MAP was isolated in three. ELISA identified MAP-specific antibodies in three of the five dead animals whose serum was available. qPCR identified MAP in the freshly deposited feces of two out of the four alive animals. From the feces of these two animals, MAP was microbiologically isolated in one case. All isolates were classified as MAP type C and profiled as INMV2 and MVS27 by molecular analysis. Genomic analysis of a field isolate revealed clusterization with a European clade but was more similar to Italian than East European isolates. Our findings underline that paratuberculosis should always be considered in zoological parks in which endangered species are hosted. Infection can be subclinical, and multiple combined testing techniques may be necessary.