bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) Inspections
Authors: Zneimer Susan M. , Hongo Donna
Published: December 2021

Clinical laboratories have many regulations to follow, requiring complete adherence to specific standards and regulations in order to be granted accreditation. As part of the accreditation process, a laboratory must be inspected. Whether it is an initial or biennial inspection, there are some standard tasks and duties a laboratory can do to prepare in advance to reduce stress, improve the inspection process, and reduce the risk of getting a deficiency. Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) is an important part of preparing a clinical laboratory for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) inspections. GCLP standards have been developed by CLIA and were developed with the goal of providing a sole source of requirements that clinical laboratories using human patient samples need to follow to ensure reproducible and reliable clinical laboratory results. The Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) also has ongoing activities and guidelines for clinical laboratories to follow. Although this is a voluntary program, it is driven by peer review, education, and compliance to established performance standards. CAP is focused on laboratory improvement and views its inspections as collaborations between inspector and laboratory. The CAP checklists, based on their standards for good lab practice, are used by inspectors to ensure that each inspection is consistent and thorough and to enable CAP to determine if the laboratory meets the standards for accreditation. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sugarbeet Processing Lime Effects on High‐pH Soils and Crops in the Northwest U.S.
Authors: Tarkalson David D.
Published: December 2021

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is a by‐product of sucrose extraction from sugarbeet and is considered a good lime material for acidic soil treatment. In the sugarbeet‐growing area in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, most soils have a pH of 7.5–8.5 and do not require lime applications to adjust soil pH. However, there is a need to find more offsite beneficial use or disposal methods for PCC, and agricultural land application is a practical method to dispose of PCC. A study was conducted to assess the effects of added PCC to a common alkaline soil on yields and soil chemical properties in a sugarbeet–dry bean–barley rotation. The data will be used to help determine if PCC can be land‐applied on high‐pH soils. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3dkUh3N. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Drought Demonstrates Value of Fall Soil Nitrate‐Nitrogen Testing in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Heard John , Breker John S.
Published: December 2021

For the 2021 growing season, we had limited stored soil water and much below‐average rainfall across the Northern Great Plains. As a result, crop yields were disastrously lower than normal, and the regional median residual soil nitrate‐nitrogen after wheat was two to three times higher than the running average. This drought brings new light (and old memories) to soil testing for nitrogen along with new challenges and opportunities. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3IigoX9. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Is Freeze Damage Ever as Bad as We Think It Will Be?
Authors: Sever Megan
Published: December 2021

The amount of damage to both plants and potential yield after a hard freeze depends on a lot of different weather factors, plus the life stage of the plant, topography, varietal hardiness, and what happens after the freeze, among other factors. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/31jnz0D. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Bayesian maximum a posteriori‐estimation of κ turbulence model parameters using algorithmic differentiation in SOLPS‐ITER
Authors: Carli Stefano , Dekeyser Wouter , Blommaert Maarten , Coosemans Reinart , Van Uytven Wim , Baelmans Martine
Published: December 2021

Radial anomalous diffusion coefficients are among the largest sources of uncertainty in mean‐field plasma‐edge codes such as SOLPS‐ITER. These coefficients are machine, scenario, and space‐dependent, thus hampering the predictive and interpretive capability of these codes. In fact, modellers usually adjust these coefficients manually, based on expert judgement or on large, computationally expensive, parameter scans. Matching data from various diagnostics, each with their own experimental uncertainties, additionally complicates the problem of finding a good parameter set. In addition, standard non‐linear regression techniques have shown to become prohibitive for expensive plasma‐edge simulations with many unknown parameters, as gradient calculation was based on finite differences. In this paper, we apply algorithmic differentiation (AD) as an efficient and more accurate alternative for gradient calculation in large, continuously developed codes as SOLPS‐ITER. In addition, the lack of uncertainty information and danger of data overfitting, key limitations of regression techniques, are overcome by combining data and uncertainties from different diagnostics in a Bayesian framework. We implement for the first time such a Bayesian inference framework into SOLPS‐ITER, using gradient‐based optimization with gradients obtained through tangent AD to find the maximum a posteriori (MAP) values of the parameters. The recently developed κ turbulence model is employed to limit the number of unknown parameters compared to full spatial profiles of diffusion coefficients. The Bayesian MAP‐estimation is compared to standard regression techniques on a small‐scale tokamak. We adopt fictitious experimental data obtained from a reference SOLPS‐ITER solution with artificial measurement noise.
Perceived risk of opioid use disorder secondary to opioid analgesic medication use by the general population in France
Authors: Lavergne Justine , Debin Marion , Blanchon Thierry , Colizza Vittoria , Dassieu Lise , Gimenez Laetitia , Kengne‐Kuetche Charly , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Dupouy Julie
Published: December 2021

Background

In Europe and France, the use of opioid analgesic drugs has become widespread as an option for pain management. However, their use can lead to nonmedical use and/or opioid use disorder (OUD). This work aimed to assess the perceived risk of OUD secondary to opioid analgesic drugs use by the general population.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using the GrippeNet web‐based cohort, comprising about 10,000 French volunteers from the general population, using a self‐administered questionnaire. The main outcome was the perceived risk of OUD secondary to opioid analgesic drugs use, assessed by a 4‐item scale and modelled using logistic regression (backward procedure).

Results

Among 5046 French respondents, after adjustment, 65% believed that the use of analgesic drugs could likely or very likely lead to OUD. Factors associated with the perception of a higher risk were being over 50 and having heard about opioids in the media. Previous opioid use and a high level of education decreased the perception of the risk. Among those having used opioids in the past 2 years (N = 1770), 71.1% reported being not at all concerned by this risk. The majority of the sample perceived the risk of OUD but those having already used opioid analgesics drugs expressed no concern about this risk for themselves.

Conclusions

This finding highlight the need to reinforce warning on the package insert documents, therapeutic education and collaborative care between the prescribing general practitioners and pharmacists to increase awareness of opioid medications users on the risk of OUD.

Significance

This study found that the risk of OUD secondary to opioid analgesics use is well perceived in the general population, but that those having already used opioid analgesics expressed little concern for themselves. This finding could potentially help to raise awareness of healthcare providers and policy makers on the lack of perceived risk regarding these drugs and the need to inform and identify at‐risk patients in primary care.
An investigation on an absorber working through piezoelectric conversion mechanism
Authors: Zhang Jiankun , Xie Xiangdong , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Zhen , Du Xiaozhen
Published: December 2021

A novel absorber, which is equivalent to a spring and a damper, is developed and the corresponding equivalent formulae of stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient are derived. The key component of the absorber is the circular array of multi‐section U‐shaped piezoelectric coupled beams (MUPCBs) which can alleviate harmful vibration of various devices by converting the vibration energy into electrical energy. As an example, the absorber is used in a quarter vehicle suspension system, and its properties of energy harvesting and vibration attenuation are studied using the computational model of dual‐mass iteration method. The dual‐mass model includes two sprung masses (body mass and wheel mass) which are linked by the absorber. The effects of some important factors, such as the piezoelectric coupling section (PCS) length, the PCS substrate thickness, the force arm length of the MUPCB, the speed of vehicle and the class of road surface on the root mean square (RMS) of the output power, are discussed. The research results show that half of the amplitude of the harmful vibration can be attenuated and a power up to 254.3 W can be realized by the absorber made of MUPCBs in the quarter vehicle suspension computational case. This research provides a feasible piezoelectric absorber suitable for various devices by transferring the vibration energy into electricity to attenuate the harmful vibration and achieve the energy recycling application.
Multistep forecast of the implied volatility surface using deep learning
Authors: Medvedev Nikita , Wang Zhiguang
Published: December 2021

Modeling implied volatility surface (IVS) is of paramount importance to price and hedge an option. We contribute to the literature by modeling the entire IVS using convolutional long‐short‐term memory (ConvLSTM) and long‐short‐term memory (LSTM) neural networks to produce multivariate and multistep forecasts of the S&P 500 IVS. Using daily SPX options data (2002–2019), we find that both LSTM and ConvLSTM fit the training data extremely well with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) being 3.56% and 3.88%, respectively. The ConvLSTM (8.26% MAPE) model significantly outperforms LSTM and traditional time series models in predicting the IVS out of sample.
Outlier detection in multimodal MRI identifies rare individual phenotypes among more than 15,000 brains
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Reich Daniel S. , Dembling Sarah , Duyn Jeff H. , Koretsky Alan P.
Published: December 2021

Outliers in neuroimaging represent spurious data or the data of unusual phenotypes that deserve special attention such as clinical follow‐up. Outliers have usually been detected in a supervised or semi‐supervised manner for labeled neuroimaging cohorts. There has been much less work using unsupervised outlier detection on large unlabeled cohorts like the UK Biobank brain imaging dataset. Given its large sample size, rare imaging phenotypes within this unique cohort are of interest, as they are often clinically relevant and could be informative for discovering new processes. Here, we developed a two‐level outlier detection and screening methodology to characterize individual outliers from the multimodal MRI dataset of more than 15,000 UK Biobank subjects. In primary screening, using brain ventricles, white matter, cortical thickness, and functional connectivity‐based imaging phenotypes, every subject was parameterized with an outlier score per imaging phenotype. Outlier scores of these imaging phenotypes had good‐to‐excellent test–retest reliability, with the exception of resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC). Due to the low reliability of RSFC outlier scores, RSFC outliers were excluded from further individual‐level outlier screening. In secondary screening, the extreme outliers (1,026 subjects) were examined individually, and those arising from data collection/processing errors were eliminated. A representative subgroup of 120 subjects from the remaining non‐artifactual outliers were radiologically reviewed, and radiological findings were identified in 97.5% of them. This study establishes an unsupervised framework for investigating rare individual imaging phenotypes within a large neuroimaging cohort.
Understanding basal cell adenocarcinoma of the head and neck: Population‐based study
Authors: Ahsanuddin Salma , Jin Ryan , Sheorey Lena , Sawhney Rohan , Sangal Neel R. , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo
Published: December 2021

Background

Using a population‐based database, this study investigates the risk factors, epidemiology, and outcomes of basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) of the head and neck.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was analyzed for all patients with BCAC of the head and neck from 1973 to 2015.

Results

Three hundred and twenty‐two cases of BCAC of the head and neck were identified. Mean age of diagnosis was 64.1 years. 52.5% were male and 77.3% were white. The most common primary site was the parotid gland (71.7%). Most patients underwent surgery alone (51.9%). Five‐year disease‐specific survival (5Y‐DSS) was 95.6%, and 10Y‐DSS was 90.3%. Highest survival was seen with surgery alone followed by combined surgery and radiation (10Y‐DSS: 93.9% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.001). Age, primary site, T‐classification, grade, and treatment type significantly affected survival.

Conclusions

BCAC of the head and neck presents most frequently in the parotid glands. Surgery alone is associated with highest survival.
Comparison of adverse drug reactions between tamoxifen and toremifene in breast cancer patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes: A propensity‐score matched cohort study
Authors: Zhou Weihang , Jiang Yiwei , Xu Yaqian , Wang Yaohui , Ma Xiaowei , Zhou Liheng , Lin Yanping , Wang Yan , Wu Ziping , Li Min , Yin Wenjin , Lu Jinsong
Published: December 2021

CYP2D6 gene polymorphism has a profound impact upon the effect of tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. However, it had never been reported whether the adverse drug reactions vary by CYP2D6 metabolic status for patients treated with tamoxifen or toremifene. We conducted a retrospective study in breast cancer patients to investigate the impact of CYP2D6 metabolic status on liver dysfunction events, gynecological events and dyslipidemia events. According to CYP2D6*10 (100C → T) genotype, the enrolled patients were further categorized into four cohorts (extensive metabolizers taking tamoxifen [EM + TAM], extensive metabolizers taking toremifene [EM + TOR], intermediate metabolizers taking tamoxifen [IM + TAM], and intermediate metabolizers taking toremifene [IM + TOR]). A total of 192 patients were included in the study, with a median follow‐up time of 26.2 months. In EM + TAM cohort, the risks of liver dysfunction events (P = .004) and gynecological events (P = .004) were significantly higher compared to EM + TOR cohort. In IM + TAM cohort, the risks of liver dysfunction events (P = .14) and gynecological events (P = .99) were not significantly different from IM + TOR cohort. A significant decrease of total cholesterol was observed in EM + TAM cohort around 1 year after taking tamoxifen (P < .001). Significant interactions between CYP2D6 metabolic status and endocrine agents were observed in terms of liver dysfunction events (P‐interaction = .007) and gynecological events (P‐interaction = .026). These findings suggested that CYP2D6 gene polymorphism played a significant role in predicting liver dysfunction, gynecological diseases and lipid metabolism changes among patients taking tamoxifen or toremifene.
Depression, anxiety, quality of life and coping in women with infertility: A cross‐sectional study from India
Authors: Dadhwal Vatsla , Choudhary Vandana , Perumal Vanamail , Bhattacharya Debabani
Published: December 2021

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety in women with infertility, elucidate the psycho‐social factors affecting infertile women, identify the commonly employed coping strategies, and evaluate their self‐esteem and quality of life.

Methods

A total of 150 women with infertility, from a tertiary care hospital, participated in this study. Cross‐sectional assessment was performed by using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, WHO‐Quality of life‐BREF, and Brief‐COPE Inventory.

Results

Overall, 58% (87/150) of women reported depression on HDRS, 24% (36/150) reported anxiety on HAM‐A, and 24% (36/150) had both depression and anxiety on HDRS and HAM‐A. Comparative analysis of women reporting depression and anxiety indicated that they were subjected to significant discrimination, received lower social acceptance, had financial problems, higher depression and anxiety, poorer quality of life, and employed maladaptive coping. Living in a joint family, and using maladaptive coping were significant risk factors for anxiety and depression. Conversely, the family's ability to provide support, share problems, and assist with decision‐making, along with receiving support from their spouses, were chief protective factors.

Conclusion

Women with infertility experience depression, anxiety, poor quality of life, and employ maladaptive coping. Supportive relationships with one's family and spouse are chief protective factors.
Analytical performance evaluation of different test systems on serum creatinine assay
Authors: He Lina , Yu Jinqi , Han Guang , Huang Di , Han Liqiao , Zhang Qiaoxuan , Wang Yunxiu , Wan Zemin , Huang Xian‐Zhang , Xiong Yujuan , Wu Xiaobin
Published: December 2021

Background

Serum creatinine (SCr) is a useful diagnostic marker for the assessment of renal function. Accurate quantitation of SCr is clinically important in calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Method

To confirm whether there are differences in SCr between enzymatic kits of different manufacturers, the analytical performance of the matched and open test system in the measurement of SCr was evaluated. The analytical performance evaluation was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Precision, accuracy, linearity, dilution, lower limit of measurement and analytical interference were studied between the two test systems.

Results

The performance of SCr from the open test system was in compliance with the matched test system with good precision, accuracy, and linearity. In presence of most common interferents, both test systems could lead to accurate creatinine results except for the existence of specified drugs. For dobutamine, the open test system showed better anti‐interference performance than the matched system.

Conclusion

This study provides referable opinions for clinical laboratory selection on the test system and a framework for future analogous studies based on different test systems.
von Willebrand factor D and EGF domains regulate ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation
Authors: Iwata Kokoro , Kawarabayashi Keita , Yoshizaki Keigo , Tian Tian , Saito Kan , Sugimoto Asuna , Kurogoushi Rika , Yamada Aya , Yamamoto Akihito , Kudo Yasuei , Ishimaru Naozumi , Fukumoto Satoshi , Iwamoto Tsutomu
Published: December 2021

Cell‐ and tissue‐specific extracellular matrix (ECM) composition plays an important role in organ development, including teeth, by regulating cell behaviors, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that von Willebrand factor D and epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains (Vwde), a previously uncharacterized ECM protein, is specifically expressed in teeth and regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in inner enamel epithelial cells (IEEs) and enamel formation. We identified the Vwde as a novel ECM protein through bioinformatics using the NCBI expressed sequence tag database for mice. Vwde complementary DNA encodes 1773 amino acids containing a signal peptide, a von Willebrand factor type D domain, and tandem calcium‐binding EGF‐like domains. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that Vwde is highly expressed in tooth tissue but not in other tissues including the brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and bone. In situ hybridization revealed that the IEEs expressed Vwde messenger RNA in developing teeth. Immunostaining showed that VWDE was localized at the proximal and the distal ends of the pericellular regions of the IEEs. Vwde was induced during the differentiation of mouse dental epithelium‐derived M3H1 cells. Vwde‐transfected M3H1 cells secreted VWDE protein into the culture medium and inhibited cell proliferation, whereas ameloblastic differentiation was promoted. Furthermore, Vwde increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B and strongly induced the expression of the intercellular junction protein, N‐cadherin (Ncad). Interestingly, the suppression of endogenous Vwde inhibited the expression of Ncad. Finally, we created Vwde‐knockout mice using the CRISPR‐Cas9 system. Vwde‐null mice showed low mineral density, rough surface, and cracks in the enamel, indicating the enamel hypoplasia phenotype. Our findings suggest that Vwde assembling the matrix underneath the IEEs is essential for Ncad expression and enamel formation.
Clinical and Pharmacological Parameters Determine Relapse During Clopidogrel Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Santana‐Mateos Marta , Medina‐Gil José M. , Saavedra‐Santana Pedro , Martínez‐Quintana Efrén , Rodríguez‐González Fayna , Tugores Antonio
Published: December 2021

The therapeutic efficacy of clopidogrel as an antiplatelet drug varies among individuals, being the mainstream hypothesis that its bioavailability depends on the individual genetic background and/or interactions with other drugs. A total of 477 patients receiving double antiaggregation therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, after suffering a first event, were followed for 1 year to record relapse, as a surrogate end point to measure their therapeutic response, as defined by presenting with an acute coronary event (unstable angina, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, or non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction), stent thrombosis/restenosis, or cardiac mortality. Anthropometric, clinical, and pharmacological variables along with CYP2C19 genotypes were analyzed for their association with the disease relapse phenotype. Only 75 patients (15%) suffered a relapse, which occurred during the first 6 months of therapy, with a peak at 4.5 months. An initial univariate analysis identified that patients in the relapse group were significantly older (67.4 ± 11.0 vs 61.6 ± 12.3 years old) and presented with diffuse coronary disease, insulin‐dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. A poor clinical response to the platelet antiaggregation regime also occurred more frequently among patients taking acenocoumarol and calcium channel blockers, along with aspirin and clopidogrel, while no association was found according to CYP2C19 genotypes. A retrospective multivariate analysis indicated that patients belonging to the nonresponder phenotype to treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel were older, presented with diffuse coronary disease, a group largely overlapping with type 2 insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, and were taking dihidropyrimidinic calcium channel blockers.
Heterogeneity in the Identification of Potential Drug‐Drug Interactions in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review, Critical Appraisal, and Reporting Recommendations
Authors: Bakker Tinka , Dongelmans Dave A. , Nabovati Ehsan , Eslami Saeid , de Keizer Nicolette F. , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Klopotowska Joanna E.
Published: December 2021

Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are frequently exposed to potential drug‐drug interactions (pDDIs). However, reported frequencies of pDDIs in the ICU vary widely between studies. This can be partly explained by significant variation in their methodological approach. Insight into methodological choices affecting pDDI frequency would allow for improved comparison and synthesis of reported pDDI frequencies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between methodological choices and pDDI frequency and formulate reporting recommendations for pDDI frequency studies in the ICU. The MEDLINE database was searched to identify papers reporting pDDI frequency in ICU patients. For each paper, the pDDI frequency and methodological choices such as pDDI definition and pDDI knowledge base were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed. Each paper was categorized as reporting a low, medium, or high pDDI frequency. We sought associations between methodological choices and pDDI frequency group. Based on this comparison, reporting recommendations were formulated. Analysis of methodological choices showed significant heterogeneity between studies, and 65% of the studies had a medium to high risk of bias. High risk of bias, small sample size, and use of drug prescriptions instead of administrations were related to a higher pDDI frequency. The findings of this review may support researchers in designing a reliable methodology assessing pDDI frequency in ICU patients. The reporting recommendations may contribute to standardization, comparison, and synthesis of pDDI frequency studies, ultimately improving knowledge about pDDIs in and outside the ICU setting.
Optimizing accuracy of measurement protocols for nitrogen application in dilute dairy manure
Authors: Miller Christine Mary Francis , Clark Nicholas E. , Meyer Deanne
Published: December 2021

Variability of dairy process wastewater (PWW) nitrogen (PWW‐N) content makes precise fertilizing of forage challenging. Our objective was to improve measurement accuracy of PWW‐N. We characterized PWW‐N and quantified its variability using over 1,000 PWW samples from 91 lagoons on commercial California dairies. We used statistical modeling and stochastic simulations to compare the accuracy of various protocols for measuring PWW‐N applied to forage crops. Electrical conductivity (EC) was positively correlated with N concentration within a lagoon (conditional R2 = .69, mixed model). Simulations compared the accuracy of N application rates when lagoon samples for N analyses were collected more frequently and from more homogeneous lagoons. When sampled quarterly, the N application measurement error was ±50%. Homogenizing PWW and sampling weekly reduced measurement error to ±42 and ±30%, respectively. Simulations using EC as an N concentration proxy within an automated irrigation system reduced N application measurement error to ±5%. More accurate automated N concentration measurements allow for precision N management that meets yield goals and reduces environmental effects.
Tritium hydrogen‐isotope exchange with electron‐poor tertiary benzenesulfonamide moiety; application in late‐stage labeling of T0901317
Authors: Yongsong Tian , Brož Břetislav , Tureček František , Marek Aleš
Published: December 2021

The multifunctional radioligand [3H]T0901317 ([3H]1) has been employed as a powerful autoradiographic tool to target several receptors, such as liver X, farnesoid X, and retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor alpha and gamma subtypes at nanomolar concentrations. Although [3H]1 is commercially available and its synthesis via tritiodebromination has been reported, the market price of this radioligand and the laborious synthesis of corresponding bromo‐intermediate potentially preclude its widespread use in biochemical, pharmacological, and pathological studies in research lab settings. We exploit recent reports on hydrogen‐isotope exchange (HIE) reactions in tertiary benzenesulfonamides where the sulfonamide represents an ortho‐directing group that facilitates CH activation in the presence of homogenous iridium(I) catalysts. Herein, we report a time‐ and cost‐efficient method for the tritium late‐stage labeling of compound 1—a remarkably electron‐poor substrate owing to the tertiary trifluoroethylsulfonamide moiety. Under a straightforward HIE condition using a commercially available Kerr‐type NHC Ir(I) complex, [(cod)Ir (NHC)Cl], the reaction with 1 afforded a specific activity of 10.8 Ci/mmol. Additionally, alternative HIE conditions using the heterogeneous catalyst of Ir‐black provided sufficient 0.72 D‐enrichment of 1 but unexpectedly failed while repeating with tritium gas.
Quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array‐high‐resolution mass spectrometric detection platform coupled to electrospray and atmospheric pressure photoionization sources
Authors: Hettiyadura Anusha Priyadarshani Silva , Laskin Alexander
Published: December 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common pollutants present in atmospheric aerosols and other environmental mixtures. They are of particular air quality and human health concerns as many of them are carcinogenic toxins. They also affect absorption of solar radiation by aerosols, therefore contributing to the radiative forcing of climate. For environmental chemistry studies, it is advantageous to quantify PAH components using the same analytical technics that are commonly applied to characterize a broad range of polar analytes present in the same environmental mixtures. Liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and high‐resolution mass spectrometric detection (LC‐PDA‐HRMS) is a method of choice for comprehensive characterization of chemical composition and quantification of light absorption properties of individual organic compounds present in the environmental samples. However, quantification of non‐polar PAHs by this method is poorly established because of their imperfect ionization in electrospray ionization (ESI) technique. This tutorial article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the quantitative analysis of 16 priority pollutant PAHs in a standard reference material using the LC–MS platform coupled with the ESI source. Results are further corroborated by the quantitation experiments using an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) method, which is more sensitive for the PAH detection. The basic concepts and step‐by‐step practical guidance for the PAHs quantitative characterization are offered based on the systematic experiments, which include (1) Evaluation effects of different acidification levels by formic acid on the (+)ESI‐MS detection of PAHs. (2) Comparison of detection limits in ESI+ versus APPI+ experiments. (3) Investigation of the PAH fragmentation patterns in MS2 experiments at different collision energies. (4) Calculation of wavelength dependent mass absorption coefficient (MACλ) of the standard mixture and its individual PAHs using LC‐PDA data. (5) Assessment of the minimal injected mass required for accurate quantification of MACλ of the standard mixture and of a multi‐component environmental sample.
The impact of work hours on work‐to‐family enrichment and conflict through energy processes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pak Sunjin , Kramer Amit , Lee Yin , Kim Ki‐Jung
Published: December 2021

We use a meta‐analysis to introduce a framework that integrates research on the relationship between working hours and the work–family interface. Using the work–home resources model, we integrate work–family enrichment and conflict theory, focusing on the positive and negative mediational processes of human energy. We conceptualize working hours, within the framework of the work–home resources model, as the potential to increase vigor and exhaustion in tandem, which, in turn, would lead to increased work–family enrichment and work–family conflict, respectively. Our model suggests, and a meta‐analytic investigation (N = 459 846), supports that the two dimensions of human energy, vigor and exhaustion, mediate the relationship between working hours and work‐to‐family enrichment and conflict, respectively. Taken together, our findings contribute to the literature by integrating the positive and negative energy mechanisms in the relationship between working hours and work‐to‐family enrichment and conflict. Specifically, by showing the parallel paths of vigor and exhaustion that occur when individuals increase working hours, we reconcile mixed findings regarding the effect of working hours on the work–family interface.
Zein/pullulan complex colloidal particle‐stabilized Pickering emulsions for oral delivery of polymethoxylated flavones: protection effect and in vitro digestion
Authors: Yu Yang , Liu Qian , Wang Chen , Zhang Dali , Jiang Bing , Shan Yang , Fu Fuhua , Ding Shenghua
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) show multiple biological functions, while their high hydrophobicity leads to a low bioaccessibility and limits their wide applications. The design of a reasonable food‐grade drug delivery system is an effective strategy to improve the low bioaccessibility of PMFs. In this study, sinensetin, tangeretin and nobiletin were encapsulated in Pickering emulsions stabilized by zein/pullulan complex colloidal particles (ZPPs), and the protection effect and in vitro digestion were characterized.

RESULTS

Rheological analysis revealed that ZPP–Pickering emulsion loading with PMFs maintained a strong gel‐like network structure. Moreover, the ability to scavenge free radicals of PMFs was improved by the emulsion delivery system. The antioxidant activity of PMFs encapsulated in Pickering emulsion was positively correlated with the oil volume fraction (φ). ZPP–Pickering emulsion loading with PMFs can effectively delay lipid oxidation, and the φ (70%) of Pickering emulsion showed the most pronounced effects, in which the lipid hydroperoxide content and malondialdehyde content decreased by 64.3% and 38.3% after 15 days of storage, compared with the bulk oil group, respectively. The bioaccessibility of the three PMFs has been increased by ZPP–Pickering emulsion simultaneously and it presented the highest values as its φ was 50%, in which the bioaccessibility of sinensetin, tangeretin and nobiletin increased by 2.5, 3.2 and 3.9 times, compared with the bulk oil group, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Pickering emulsion stabilized by ZPPs is an excellent nutrient delivery system for delivering three PMFs simultaneously and imparting functional properties to bioactive delivery systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of a green miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach in tandem with temperature‐assisted solidification of floating menthol droplet for analysis of multiclass pesticide residues in milk
Authors: Sereshti Hassan , Jazani Saba Semnani , Nouri Nina , AliAbadi Mohammad Hossein Shojaee
Published: December 2021

A new green miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach was developed and used for the extraction of multiclass 16 pesticides in milk before gas chromatography analysis. The miniaturization of method reduced the consumption of chemical reagents and samples. Magnetic three‐dimensional graphene was used as sorbent in the clean‐up step. Choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2) natural deep eutectic solvent was used as desorption solvent. Temperature‐assisted solidification of floating menthol drop was executed for preconcentration of analytes. The method parameters including sorbent, desorption solvent, sorption and desorption times, menthol amount, pH, and ionic strength were optimized. The limit of quantification and linear range were 0.03–0.38 and 0.03–250 μg/kg, respectively. The accuracy was assessed by recovery evaluation at the spike levels of 50 and 100 μg/kg, in the range of 61–119%, with relative standard deviations within 2.1–18.2%. The method was applied to the analysis of pasteurized low and high‐fat bovine milk, and various pesticide residues were detected in the concentrations range of 1.24–4.68 μg/kg. Finally, the greenness of the procedure was evaluated using the Analytical Eco‐Scale. This work represents the first application of hybrid miniaturized extraction/preconcentration using a natural deep eutectic solvent and menthol to analyze pesticides.
Long‐term degradation from marshes into meadows shifts microbial functional diversity of soil phosphorus cycling in an alpine wetland of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Meng , Hao Yanbin , Yan Zhongqing , Kang Enze , Wang Jinzhi , Zhang Kerou , Li Yong , Wu Haidong , Kang Xiaoming
Published: December 2021

Soil microbes greatly contribute to the regulating of phosphorus (P) cycling, which plays a significant role in maintaining wetland ecosystem processes and function. The microbial functional diversity of soil P cycling in response to wetland degradation, however, remains largely unknown. We used metagenomic sequencing to investigate the microbial community and genes related to soil P cycling in un‐degraded marshes and meadows derived from long‐term marsh degradation in the Lalu alpine wetland of the Tibetan Plateau. When the marsh degraded into meadow, organic P (OP) mineralization genes increased while genes related to P‐starvation response regulation decreased. Proteobacteria (20.5–74.3%) and Actinobacteria (5.6–59.7%) were the dominant phyla in soils and were also the main contributors (39.7–84.1% in total) to soil P‐cycling genes. Soil pH was the primary factor influencing the P‐cycling functional genes. Soil pH negatively affected the genes related to the P‐uptake and transport system and had negative effects on the genes related to P‐starvation response regulation, OP mineralization, and inorganic P solubilization. These findings may deepen our understanding of the biogeochemical process of soil OP and may be beneficial for wetland management.
Development of sensitive genotype‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of Phaeocystis globosa in the South China Sea
Authors: Niu Zhuang , Liu Chao , Zhang Qing‐Chun , Wang Jin‐Xiu , Kong Fan‐Zhou , Hu Xiao‐Kun , Yu Ren‐Cheng
Published: December 2021

Since 1997, dense blooms of the alga Phaeocystis globosa have occurred in the South China Sea (SCS), and previous studies have revealed the co‐existence in this sea of two types of P. globosa cell characterized by different marker pigment profiles. However, owing to a lack of quantitative methods for the detection of different types of P. globosa cells, the dynamics of P. globosa blooms in the SCS are still poorly understood. In this study, on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial atp8 (Mit atp8) gene and pigment profiles, the P. globosa strains from Pacific and Atlantic coastal waters were divided into four genotypes, of which Type I and Type IV strains co‐exist in the SCS. Furthermore, two genotype‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods were developed targeting the Mit atp8 gene for quantitative determinations of the densities of Type I and Type IV P. globosa cells. Both qPCR methods were reproducible, highly sensitive, and specific with a wide range of detection (from 30 to 1 × 108 cells L−1) for target P. globosa genotypes in the field, thereby facilitating the detection of low cell densities prior to bloom development, as well as high cell densities during bloom periods. Finally, the developed qPCR assays were successfully applied to determine the distribution patterns of Type I and Type IV P. globosa in the Beibu Gulf, a region of the SCS characterized by a high frequency of P. globosa blooms.
The Influences of [EMIm]Ac Ionic Liquid for the Characteristics of Li‐Ion Batteries' Solid Biopolymer Blend Electrolyte Based on Cellulose Derivatives of MC/CMC Blend
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Widiarto Sonny , Pramono Edi , Wahyuningrum Deana , Bundjali Bunbun , Arcana I Made
Published: December 2021

This work aims to study the influences of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid incorporation with various weight percentage to the characteristics of biopolymer blend electrolytes (BBEs) based on methyl cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose (MC/CMC) (50/50) blend, i.e., the ionic conductivities, crystallinities, mechanical properties, surface morphology, and thermal stability. [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid is synthesized using a metathesis reaction between [EMIm]Br and CH3COOK in methanol solvent, while the BBEs preparation is conducted using casting solution technique. The functional groups and molecular structure of BBEs samples are confirmed by using Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonce (NMR), while the characteristics of ionic conductivities, mechanical properties, crystallinities, surface morphology, and stability thermal are conducted using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, tensile tester, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis/differential thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG). The [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid incorporation greatly affects the characteristics of BBEs with optimum condition at the 15% [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid incorporation with a value of 1.53 × 10−2 S cm−1, 20.83 MPa/21.57%, and 217.24–356.34 ℃ for ionic conductivity, tensile strength/elongation at break, and decomposition temperature, respectively. The optimum condition from this study fulfills the standard minimum requirement for a lithium‐ion battery separator.
Gravity‐Controlled and Boundary‐Constrained High‐Throughput Fabrication of Polymeric Miniature Lens Arrays
Authors: Qian Chengbin , Huang Peng , Zhu LiMin , Zhu Zhiwei
Published: December 2021

This paper reports a facile and high‐throughput method for the controllable fabrication of polymeric miniature lens arrays. Through filling the miniature holes in an additively manufactured template, the curved lenslets are formed in each hole in s steady state, in which the gravity and surface tension of the liquid resin are balanced. Both shapes and curvatures can be controlled by tuning the gravity force and the boundary condition for the resin in each hole. Taking the circular holes for example, the relationship between the formed curvature and the gravity force is described by both analytical and finite element‐based numerical models. Experimentally, the curvature variation and the effect of various boundary conditions on the lenslet surface shapes are also verified, and further examination on the optical features of the spherical miniature lens arrays including the imaging and focus properties demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed fabrication method.
A Novel Finding of Tribological and Mechanical Linking to Micro‐Convex Texture on Hydrophilic Composites Surface under Water‐Lubricating Conditions
Authors: Liang Xiang , Guo Zhiwei , Li Zhe , Qiu Yikun , Wang Zhikang , Yuan Chengqing
Published: December 2021

The existence of micro‐structures endows the materials with some novel characteristics. In this study, the hot‐spot material thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is used as the experimental object, and the water‐lubricating composites are prepared by introducing well‐hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, which can spontaneously and continuously produce micro‐convex textures in water. By observing and analyzing the internal structures, physical and chemical properties, coefficient of friction, wear surface, wear loss, etc. of the materials, the relationship between the micro‐convex structures on the material surface and its tribological properties is studied. The experimental results show that the existence of micro‐convex structures can make the material show better wear resistance during the friction process, and they will not disappear completely with the process. The most obvious effect is the sample containing 15% PVA fibers and with soaking and polishing treatments, its coefficient of friction is 0.11, which is 74.42% lower than that of the pure sample without any treatments, the main reason is due to the hydrodynamic lubrication effect and cavitation effect of the micro‐convex structures. For the wear mechanism, pure samples are adhesive wear, and modified samples are mainly abrasive wear. This work will provide new design ideas for tribology in the micro‐nano field.
A novel NSDHL variant in CHILD syndrome with gastrointestinal manifestations and localized skin involvement
Authors: Tan Ene‐Choo , Chia Shi Yun , Rafi’ee Khadijah , Lee Shan Xian , Kwek Andrew Boon Eu , Tan Sze Hwa , Ng Victor Weng Leong , Wei Heming , Koo Stephanie , Koh Ai Ling , Koh Mark Jean‐Aan
Published: December 2021

Background

CHILD syndrome is an X‐linked dominant disorder associated with pathogenic mutations in the NSDHL gene. The condition is predominantly found in females as it is lethal in males. Most cases present at birth with extensive unilateral ichthyosiform erythroderma involving the trunk and limbs. Milder and less extensive presentations have been reported, leading to misdiagnosis especially during early childhood.

Methods and Results

We report an adult female of Malay ancestry who presented with minimal skin and limb involvement. She was only diagnosed in adulthood when she presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and worsening of skin manifestations. The clinical diagnosis was suspected after a combination of clinical, pathological and immunohistochemistry correlation, and molecularly confirmed with the discovery of a frameshift variant in NSDHL. The novel variant was inherited from her mother who had some linear hypopigmented patches over the medial aspects of both her arms and right forearm.

Conclusion

We uncovered a novel frameshift variant associated with presentations that cast a new light on the clinical features of CHILD syndrome.
Safety of MRI in patients with retained cardiac leads
Authors: Nguyen Bach T. , Bhusal Bhumi , Rahsepar Amir Ali , Fawcett Kate , Lin Stella , Marks Daniel S. , Passman Rod , Nieto Donny , Niemzcura Richard , Golestanirad Laleh
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the safety of MRI in patients with fragmented retained leads (FRLs) through numerical simulation and phantom experiments.

Methods

Electromagnetic and thermal simulations were performed to determine the worst‐case RF heating of 10 patient‐derived FRL models during MRI at 1.5 T and 3 T and at imaging landmarks corresponding to head, chest, and abdomen. RF heating measurements were performed in phantoms implanted with reconstructed FRL models that produced highest heating in numerical simulations. The potential for unintended tissue stimulation was assessed through a conservative estimation of the electric field induced in the tissue due to gradient‐induced voltages developed along the length of FRLs.

Results

In simulations under conservative approach, RF exposure at B1+ ≤ 2 µT generated cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM)43 < 40 at all imaging landmarks at both 1.5 T and 3 T, indicating no thermal damage for acquisition times (TAs) < 10 min. In experiments, the maximum temperature rise when FRLs were positioned at the location of maximum electric field exposure was measured to be 2.4°C at 3 T and 2.1°C at 1.5 T. Electric fields induced in the tissue due to gradient‐induced voltages remained below the threshold for cardiac tissue stimulation in all cases.

Conclusions

Simulation and experimental results indicate that patients with FRLs can be scanned safely at both 1.5 T and 3 T with most clinical pulse sequences.