bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualization, Theories, and Empirical Review of the Literature in Organizational Economics
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González-Ávila Francisco j , Rodriguez-Maillard Carlos , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: December 2024

This study on the conceptualization, theories and empirical review of the literature in organizational economics aims to analyze its evolutionary development from the emergence, emergence and development of the discipline. The method used is the meta-analytical and meta-cognitive descriptive based on the review of the conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature since its emergence. The analysis concludes that organizational economics is a multidimensional and transdisciplinary field that integrates a diversity of scientific knowledge of concepts, theories and empirical findings to examine the behavior of organizations from the economic perspective, which provide a more complete view of the structuring, functioning and operationalization of organizations.
Profile Specification in the Assembly of Machine Designing Based on Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) by FEA Method
Authors: Phetrak Narongdej , Kongsin Tanongsak , Maneengam Apichit , Siriwan Nittaya
Published: December 2024

The setting of allowable tolerances for the profile of a structure is generally determined by the functionality of the components desired by the designer after assembly. The specified values fall within the scope of the ASME 14.5-2018 standard, which outlines the limits for values that designers can choose but does not specify suitable coordinate tolerances for the components. This research introduces a design process for machinery components that focuses on controlling deviations and geometric dimensions using Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), following the ASME 14.5-2018 standard. Explores the potential impacts of profile deviations on components by analyzing the effects through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The analysis aims to examine the intensity of forces during assembly using FEA and assess the resulting damage between components. This article delves into the core content of the research, emphasizing the design of machinery components using GD&T based on the profile standard and presenting the FEA results. The study highlights the importance of utilizing GD&T in design and FEA for controlling and improving the accuracy of components produced based on profile specifications. The results of this research underscore the significance of incorporating GD&T in design and employing FEA to achieve precision and high efficiency in the assembly process.
Stabilization of Soil Using Fly Ash, GGBS & Stone Dust
Authors: Harish P. , Bavani O. , Narasimha S. Lakshmi , Devi P. Akhila , Girish Kumar T.S. , Bharath Achari K. Mani
Published: December 2024

The study examines the effectiveness of Fly Ash, GGBS, and Stone Dust as soil stabilizers. It uses laboratory tests to assess the impact of stabilizer combinations on soil compaction. Particularly, the optimal combination of 15% Stabilizer content results in a maximum dry density of 1.95 g/cc and an optimum moisture content of 10%. These findings suggest that the specified proportions of stabilizers significantly enhance soil compaction properties, providing valuable insights into sustainable and efficient soil stabilization techniques. The results show significant improvements in soil density with the addition of these stabilizers. The Atterberg limits tests show a reduction in plasticity index and an decrease in liquid limit with the addition of these stabilizers. The study also evaluates the soil's shear strength, showing a significant enhancement in cohesion and angle of internal friction. These findings suggest that these Stabilizer can enhance the stability and durability of construction projects, offering practical implications for infrastructure development and environmental sustainability.
Experimental Investigation on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete with Macro 3s Plastic Fiber and Fly Ash
Authors: Dhanabal P. , Harshitha A. , Chinmaya V. , Sai Kiran G. Chenchu , Haripriya B. , Chakradhar Reddy K.
Published: December 2024

The objectives of present investigation are to evaluate the hardened and fresh properties of concrete with FA and Macro 3s Plastic fiber. Cement is key constitute of concrete which plays an central role in the lifetime of the construction, on the other hand owing to the manufacture of cement extra quantity of CO is produced which consequences in worldwide heating. So that we have used as fly ash an alternative material for cement. In this work we have used 30% fly ash as cement and also we have used 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% Macro 3s Plastic fiber by volume of cement. Hardened and fresh belongings of conventional concrete without FA and fiber were evaluated initially. Then the properties obtained in concrete with 30% fly ash and 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% Macro 3s Plastic fibre was compared with conventional concrete. It was shown that as the percentage of fiber added increased, workability decreased. Additionally, concrete containing fly ash and fiber had maximum compressive and split tensile strength at 30% fly ash and 1.5% fiber.
Design and Development of Multirotor Mounted with 3D Ultrasonic Anemometer for Wind Assessment
Authors: Sriyasawin Kantaphat , Sumpavakup Chaiyut , Sridech Wikanda
Published: December 2024

This study designs and develops the multirotor with a 3D Ultrasonic anemometer mounting to measure wind vector (speed and direction). To overcome the limitation of its flight time. The related variables and tests were conducted from previous studies and carried out the optimum battery capacity and flight time. The aircraft in this research is a Hexa-rotor which is 800 mm in size and powered with a 15Ah 25.2V Li-ion battery. The multi-rotor has an all-up weight of 4,815 g and can achieve a continuous flight time of 45 minutes. To avoid the disturbance, the 3D ultrasonic anemometer was mounted on a pole (60 cm) away from the propeller plane and found to have accuracy while collecting a wind vector. Then the wind vector measured by the UAV was compared to a nearby meteorological tower and showed a good agreement in both speed and direction. This shows the feasibility of wind assessment using an ultrasonic anemometer installed on a multirotor.
Experimental Investigation on Expansive Soil by Using Tile Powder
Authors: Sai Krishna T. , Nagalakshmi P. , Balu B. , Reddy N. Indra , Teja P. Lahiri Sai , Mallik B. Sai
Published: December 2024

Our research aims to address the challenges posed by expansive soils, which can swell upon absorbing water and shrink upon drying, posing a threat to structures. Stabilization of such soils is crucial for any construction project, often requiring physical or chemical methods. In this study, tile powder, sourced from a tile manufacturing industry, is utilized as a chemical admixture due to its high lime content, which aids in reducing the swelling nature of expansive soil. Soil samples from three distinct locations were collected and subjected to testing to determine their index properties. Among the samples, the soil exhibiting significant swelling characteristics was selected for further analysis. This soil was treated with varying percentages of tile powder (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%), and the associated index properties were evaluated. The results indicated a decrease in soil swelling, Atterberg limits, and specific gravity, while the strengths obtained from compaction and unconfined compressive strength tests showed improvement with higher concentrations of tile powder. Notably, 20% percentage of tile powder revealed the most substantial enhancement in soil strength. This study underscores the potential of tile powder as an effective stabilizer for expansive soils, offering a sustainable solution for efficiently utilizing waste materials in construction projects.
The Right to Learn and Work with Dignity is a Fundamental Human Right
Authors: Anthony Angela Arulpragasam
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
Health-Related Quality of Life in Oral Cancer: A Study at Peradeniya Dental (Teaching) Hospital
Authors: Yugatharshan S. , Mathanki S. , Sutharsan M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is gaining paramount importance as a valuable outcome measure in oral cancer. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of oral cancer patients in the Dental (Teaching) Hospital, Peradeniya.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 74 oral cancer patients selected by convenience sampling. HRQoL was measured with Sinhala and Tamil versions of the EQ-5D-3L tool and the demographic and disease-related data were collected using an interviewer-administered data collection form. HRQoL was categorized into “poor” and “good”. The significance level was set as p ≤ 0.05.Results: The overall mean utility score of the sample was 0.65. The majority of the participants (61%) had “good” HRQoL. Sixty-five per cent of the patients reported having some/extreme problems in the health dimension of pain/discomfort, followed by mobility (35%), self-care (38%), usual activities (50%), and anxiety/depression (33%). Significant associations were found between HRQoL and residential area (p=0.019), monthly income (p=0.001), and comorbidities (p<0.001). The mean overall self-rated health status of the patients (on the day of the survey) was 78.65.Conclusions: HRQoL and the self-rated health status of oral cancer patients in Dental (Teaching) Hospital were found to be “good”.
The use of Intraoperative Choledochoscopy in Difficult Biliary Stones – a Report of 3 Cases in Current Clinical Settings
Authors: Kugaprakash R. , Ansar Aslie Miraj , Madhusanka M. N. P. , Abayajeewa A. N. K.
Published: December 2024

Choledocholithiasis occurs in 5-10% of patients with biliary lithiasis. Treatment strategies often involve endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which may be performed before, during, or after cholecystectomy. Choledochoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the biliary tract for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Intraoperative choledochoscopy has emerged as a valuable tool for the management of difficult choledocholithiasis during biliary tract exploration.The aim of this case series was to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative choledochoscopy in the laparo-endoscopic treatment of challenging stones. The series included three female patients with a mean age of 62 years, of whom two were classified as ASA-2. All patients had a history of at least one episode of acute cholecystitis. During choledochoscopy, a Dormia basket was used for stone extraction in two cases. There were no complications attributable to the laparo-endoscopic procedures, and biochemical parameters improved postoperatively.
Successful Reconstruction of a Defect In the Humerus Following Excision of Metastatic Deposit from Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Praneev G. , Sutharsan S.
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
Community Involvement and Engagement (CIE): A Pathway to Equitable and Effective Healthcare
Authors: Shobana N.
Published: December 2024

Community Involvement and Engagement (CIE) is crucial for sustainable health outcomes, fostering shared responsibility between health systems and communities. This review examines CIE’s role in health, the challenges, and effective strategies to overcome these barriers. It explores various models and theories of CIE, noting that while these models demonstrate success in fostering equitable engagement, no single approach guarantees universal effectiveness. Strategies must be tailored to specific contexts, with an emphasis on building genuine partnerships, establishing community trust, and employing participatory methods. The review underscores the importance of CIE for achieving equitable and effective healthcare.
Quiz Answers
Authors: Anthony Angela Arulpragasam
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
Factors Associated with the Time to First Intimate Partner Violence Experience Among Males In Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Candia D. A. , Weke P. G. O. , Muhua G. O. , Manene M. M.
Published: December 2024

The duration of the first occurrence of intimate partner violence within an intimate relationship varies from one victim to another due to several factors. However, few studies have explored the issue, especially among male victims and yet this is key to designing preventive mechanisms. Therefore this study sought to identify the factors associated with the timing to first experience of intimate partner violence by male victims. The study used secondary data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. Data analysis was done using Pearson’s chisquare test and multilevel ordered logistic regression model. The duration to first intimate partner violence for the highest proportion of males in Uganda was 0-2 years (51.9%). The younger a male was, the shorter the duration to their first intimate partner violence experience. Still, males who had resided in rural areas had a longer time to first intimate partner violence experience. There is a need to raise awareness alongside other interventions among the people, especially the youth and urban dwellers about IPV and the negative social, economic, physical, and psychological outcomes that are associated with it.
Nontraumatic Shoulder Pain Affects Proprioception and Dynamic Stability in Female High School Volleyball Players
Authors: Mizoguchi Yasuaki , Suzuki Kenta , Hasegawa Seita , Shimada Naoki , Kimura Fumihiko , Hall Toby , Akasaka Kiyokazu
Published: December 2024

Context

Nontraumatic shoulder pain (NSP) is common in volleyball, affecting performance and well-being. It is more prevalent in female players. Previous studies lack comprehensive assessments of shoulder pain that consider multiple factors, including range of motion, muscle strength, joint position sense, dynamic stability, and volleyball-specific mechanics.

Objective

To investigate NSP prevalence in female high school volleyball players, considering shoulder joint functional parameters and volleyball-specific factors.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

High school gymnasiums.

Patients or Other Participants

Fifty-nine female high school volleyball players (15–17 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Demographic data, environmental factors (years of experience, spiking technique, and serve type), shoulder joint function (passive glenohumeral joint’s range of motion, muscle strength, joint position sense, and dynamic stability), and NSP prevalence during spiking and serving. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors associated with NSP.

Results

Nontraumatic shoulder pain prevalence was 54.2%, with 68.8% not informing coaches. Significant associations were found between NSP and factors such as Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test-Medial (P = .008; odds = 0.892; 95% confidence interval = 0.82, 0.97) and joint position sense of internal rotation (P = .031; odds = 1.411; 95% confidence interval = 1.03, 1.93).

Conclusion

Shoulder pain leads to impaired proprioception and dynamic stability. Effective communication between players and coaches is crucial for managing and preventing pain. Targeted training programs to enhance proprioception and dynamic stability may reduce shoulder pain and injuries. Educating players on the importance of reporting pain and encouraging early intervention is essential.
Climate Change and Human Health: Time to Recognize the New Threat
Authors: Anupama Y. J.
Published: December 2024

Climate change (CC) is an important, emerging global threat to human health. The temperature on the surface of the earth has been increasing rapidly over the last few decades. Global warming (GW) has cascading effects on the environment affecting rainfall, precipitation, and sea water levels. Much of the GW is due to human activity and is linked to large scale industrialization, urbanization, and combustion of fossil fuels. The essential requisites for life namely, clean air, clean water, and good quality food are getting depleted rapidly. The increasing air and water pollution influences food quality and quantity. These changes compromise many aspects of human health resulting in malnutrition, infections, and rising burden of cardiometabolic diseases. There are also many socioeconomic consequences due to CC and extreme weather events which have an impact on food security and mental health. Efforts to combat the health impact of CC involve the measures to control CC primarily. Global, loco-regional and individual efforts at adaptation and mitigation must be carried out on a war-footing to prevent the surge in diseases.
Closed globe refixation of the IOL-bag complex with the ab-externo 8-exit-4-point fixation technique
Authors: Choudhary Ayushi , Sehgal Gaurang , Jayadev Chaitra , Krishnappa Nagesha C
Published: December 2024

Intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is not an uncommon complication and often requires surgical intervention, depending on the status of capsular bag support. Conventionally, posterior dislocation of a foldable IOL or the IOL-bag complex warrants their removal as foldable IOLs are not ideal for sulcus placement. The technique presented here describes using quadrilateral sutures to refix looped haptic IOLs at the ciliary sulcus with or without a bag complex. The haptic loops act as eyelets, and 4-side suture placement helps in good centration, avoiding lens tilt. The closed globe maneuver causes minimal ocular trauma and helps in faster postoperative recovery.
One-year outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma in Indian eyes
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Nayak Arpita , Ghaisas Shamika , Vidya K
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To assess the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in Indian eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Settings and Design:

Single-center, prospective, interventional study.

Methods:

Patients undergoing SLT from January 2014 to June 2018 for OAG were included in the study. Treatment-naive naive as well as patients on antiglaucoma medications (AGM) with suboptimal intraocular pressure (IOP) control were included. The main outcome measure was the percentage reduction in IOP. Complete success was defined as IOP reduction > 20% from baseline after 12 months or reduction in the number of AGM. Qualified success was defined as > 20% IOP reduction at 12 months with AGM. Secondary outcomes were occurrence of adverse events and factors predicting treatment outcomes.

Results:

A total of 104 eyes of 62 Indian patients underwent SLT for OAG. Eighty-three (79.81%) eyes were treatment-naïve, and 21 (20.19%) eyes were on AGM. The median (IQR) baseline IOP was 20 (16–26) mmHg. At 12 months, the median IOP was 16 (4–19) mmHg, the median decrease in IOP was 4 (0–6.5) mmHg, and the percentage reduction in IOP was 17.42% (0%–30.76%). Maximum IOP reduction was noted at 12 months. Overall, success was achieved in 48 (46.15%) patients. Five eyes (4.8%) experienced minor SLT-related complications. Age, gender, prior use of AGM, type of OAG, and higher baseline IOP were not found to be predictive factors for treatment outcome.

Conclusion:

SLT was found to be a relatively safe and effective procedure in Indian eyes with OAG.
Atropine (0.05%) for rapid progressive childhood myopia (ARM study)
Authors: Saxena Rohit , Gupta Vinay , Thakur Himani , Dhiman Rebika , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Phuljhele Swati , Sharma Namrata
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of atropine 0.05% for myopia control among children exhibiting (documented) rapid myopia progression (>0.75D/year).

Methods:

This prospective interventional single-arm clinical trial included children aged between 6–12 years, spherical equivalent refractive (SER) error between − 2 and − 6D, and having documented myopia progression of >0.75D in the preceding year. All participants were administered atropine 0.05% in both eyes once at bedtime for 1 year. The primary outcome measure was a change in the rate of myopia progression (D/year) and change in SER and axial length (AL) at 1 year and documentation of any adverse effects related to therapy.

Results:

Forty children were enrolled with a mean age of 8.5 ± 2.2 years. (45% male) The mean SER 1 year before starting atropine treatment was −3.53 ± 0.78D. At baseline, the mean SER was −4.58 ± 1.03D, which increased to −4.98 ± 0.97D after 1-year follow-up. The study reported a 62% reduction in the rate of myopia progression after 1 year of atropine 0.05% treatment (−1.05 ± 0.21D/year [baseline] to − 0.4 ± 0.14D/year[1-year follow-up] [P < 0.001]). The mean AL increased from 24.98 ± 2.43 mm (baseline) to 25.21 ± 2.32 mm (1 year). There was no significant correlation between changes in AL and SER (r: 0.57; P: 0.063). The study observed the response to treatment was independent of the age at baseline, baseline refractive error, baseline rate of progression, gender, and family history of myopia. No adverse effects from atropine 0.05% were reported.

Conclusions:

Atropine 0.05% could be an effective treatment for children with rapidly progressing myopia with no significant side effects.
Psychometric evaluation and derivation of the Kannada version of the modified (29-item model) Indian Vision Function Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: Kaup Soujanya , Dsouza Jyoshma , Shivalli Siddharudha , Savur Sheetal , Hegde Vidya
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims:

India’s linguistic and cultural diversity necessitates a region-specific validated Visual Functioning Questionnaire. The objective of this study was to translate the Indian Vision Function Questionnaire-33 (IND-VFQ-33) into the Kannada language and test its psychometric properties, underlying factor structure, and model fit.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 participants, and basic psychometric properties (reliability, convergent, discriminant, construct validity, responsiveness, etc.) were assessed. The underlying factor structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and model fit by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results:

The Kannada version of IND-VFQ-33 exhibited robust psychometric properties [excellent content validity, reliability (Cronbach α = 0.91), test-retest reliability (RhoS = 0.99; P < 0.001), convergent (RhoS = 0.58; P < 0.001), and discriminant validity (RhoS = 0.06; P = 0.274)]. On EFA, items in the general functioning subscale fell into two categories, namely “Mobility” (10 items: Q1, Q2, Q4–Q9, Q15, and Q16) and “Daily Activities” (8 items: Q3, Q10, Q11, and Q17–Q21), and two other subscales “psycho-social impact” subscale (Q22–Q26) and the “visual symptoms” subscale (Q27–Q32, excluding Q33). Thus, a new Kannada-translated VFQ-29 questionnaire was derived with excellent psychometric properties. All observed variables showed significant factor loadings on their respective latent constructs (>0.50), establishing convergent validity on CFA by using the structural equation model. The model-fit to the data assessed by various indices [Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.08 (90% CI: 0.081–0.091); Comparative Fit Index = 0.877; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.866; Akaike’s Information Criterion = 23447.133; Bayesian Information Criterion = 23800.45, and Coefficient of Determination = 0.998] demonstrated acceptable fit.

Conclusion:

The refined 29-item Kannada-translated IND-VFQ model not only offers an improved factor structure across four subscales but also consistently demonstrates excellent reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and responsiveness.
Clinical spectrum of bilateral microspherophakia and risk factors associated with poor visual outcomes following lensectomy surgery - A multicentric study
Authors: Mohapatra Monalisa , Tibrewal Shailja , Chatterjee Samrat , Agarwal Pradeep , Shah Chintan , Kapoor Rajat , Sahoo Anupam , Sen Pradhanya , Maan Veenu , Shetty Sonu Arjun , Sutar Samir , Goyal Priya , Ganesh Suma
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To study the clinical profile of patients with microspherophakia and the factors associated with poor vision following lensectomy surgery.

Methods:

A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted from January 2010 to June 2022 on patients diagnosed with microspherophakia.

Results:

A total of 102 eyes from 51 patients were enrolled, of whom 24 (47.1%) were male and 27 (52.9%) were female. All patients presented with bilateral involvement. The most common presenting complaint was defective vision, affecting 98 (96.1%) eyes. Patients exhibited varying degrees of lenticular myopia, with a mean refractive error of −13.54 ± 11.92 D. Glaucoma was present in 36 (35.3%) eyes at presentation. Subluxation of the crystalline lens was observed in 50 (49.1%) eyes, dislocation of the lens into the anterior chamber in 24 (23.5%) eyes, and dislocation into the vitreous cavity in 4 (3.9%) eyes. Limbal or pars plana lensectomy was performed in 54 (52.9%) eyes. The mean corrected visual acuity improved from 1.05 ± 0.82 logMAR units to 0.82 ± 0.79 logMAR units after lensectomy (P = 0.029). Poor postoperative visual acuity (less than 20/200) was associated with poor preoperative visual acuity (P = 0.005), presence of glaucoma at the first visit (P = 0.013), and intraocular pressure >30 mmHg (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Microspherophakia is associated with high lenticular myopia, subluxation, and dislocation of the crystalline lens. Significant improvement in postoperative vision was observed after lensectomy. Factors associated with poor postoperative vision included poor preoperative corrected vision, presence of glaucoma, and high intraocular pressure.
Pupilmate: A do-it-yourself frugal pupilometer
Authors: Chacko Ruhel K , Chandrakanth Prithvi , Roy Aniket , Gosalia Hirika , Aggarwal Gargi , Narendran V
Published: December 2024

The pupillary direct and consensual reflex is an important non-invasive quick assessment of the neurological state of the eye. Currently, there is no cheap and affordable recording tool for screening and documentation of a relative afferent pupillary defect. We describe how to construct a frugal, do-it-yourself handheld scotopic binocular pupillometer device called Pupilmate. Two simple Wi-Fi-enabled board cameras fitted on both sides of the back of a rectangular cardboard box separated by a central paper divider, one side of the rectangular box was left open. An infrared red (IR) light source in the form of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was fitted around each of the cameras. Two white light LEDs were fitted on either side of the box controlled by a two-way switch. A simultaneous video stream of both pupils could then be tuned in on any chosen device using the internet. Each pupil is manually illuminated for a desired time allowing recording of direct as well as consensual reflexes, which are objectively observed. Pupil reaction was easily recorded and repeatable using Pupilmate. It served as a good medium for initial screening in an outpatient department (OPD) setting, outreach programs, clinics, etc.
Trans-iris vertical intrascleral haptic fixation of IOL: The bypass technique in eyes with megalocornea
Authors: Sinha Rajesh , Bari Aafreen , Anjum Shahnaz
Published: December 2024

Intrascleral haptic fixation of intraocular lens (IOL) is an extremely useful technique to provide visual rehabilitation in eyes with inadequate capsular support. It requires exteriorization of haptics along with tucking of haptics in the scleral groove preferably and conventionally in the horizontal meridian. In eyes with large corneal diameter, there is difficulty in tucking enough length of the haptics into the intrascleral groove, carrying the risk of slippage of haptics and decentration of IOL. To exteriorize a larger segment of haptic for tucking, we describe a novel technique that involves creation of scleral groove at the posterior limbus and exteriorization of haptic through a small peripheral iridectomy through the posterior limbus. This provides a larger segment of haptic to tuck into the groove that might prevent slippage and decentration of IOL in eyes with megalocornea.
Ultrasound-Guided Procedural Skills for Pediatric Residents: A Critical Training Need
Authors: Rajendram Rajkumar , Jamil Syed Furrukh
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Saudi Arabia does not have a curriculum for training pediatric residents in ultrasound (US)-guided procedures (UGPs). The relevance of such training to pediatric trainees is uncertain. The objective of the study is to identify educational priorities for training pediatricians in UGPs in Saudi Arabia by investigating their current procedural experience.

Settings and Design

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pediatric residents at a Tertiary, Academic, Saudi Arabian medical city.

Methods and Material

Participants rated the applicability of various UGPs to their practice and their proficiency in sterile technique on a five-point Likert scale. Procedural experience with and without US was also collected. We analyzed data using standard descriptive statistical methods. Interval data from five-point Likert scales were presented as both frequencies and means with standard deviations. To assess internal consistency, we calculated Cronbach’s alpha. We used Student’s t-tests and analysis of variance to compare interval data and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. All analyses were conducted using Excel version 2016.

Results

Fifty-seven residents (response rate 48%) participated, and most reported that procedural skills are applicable to their practice, particularly central venous catheter placement. However, self-reported proficiency in the sterile technique required for UGPs was poor, revealing a significant skill gap. Many residents (24) missed opportunities to perform procedures because of a lack of supervision.

Conclusions

Despite the perceived relevance of UGPs, pediatric residents in Saudi Arabia lack adequate training and experience. Implementing structured training programs is crucial to bridge the skill gap and ensure optimal patient care.
Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for the Detection of Diphenhydramine: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Tom Alphonsa , Sharma Tina , Sankhla Mahipal Singh , Gautam Archana
Published: December 2024

Diphenhydramine (DPH), a commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine and sedative, requires accurate and reliable analytical methods to be evaluated in various matrices. The systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current analytical techniques to detect DPH in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations between 2012 and 2022. Case reports of DPH-related fatalities and intoxications were included along with crime statistics of OTC drug seizure in India from 2017 to 2021. The review also points out gaps in the body of knowledge and recommends areas for future study to provide novel and reliable analytical techniques for detecting DPH. Researchers, analysts, and regulatory bodies engaged in toxicology, drug analysis, and pharmaceutical quality control will find this review’s conclusions helpful.
Diagnosis of the Death from Hypothermia on Postmortem Imaging
Authors: Gao Wenjing , Jin Wenju , He Jiahui , Li Sunao , Fu Long , Xia Zhiyuan , Shen Haibin
Published: December 2024

Background:

Diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is challenging by autopsy approach alone.

Aims and Objectives:

To explore the features of fatal hypothermia on postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and study their diagnostic value in such cases.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on the imaging data of three cases of low-temperature death. The study compared the images of lung tissue in the control group and used statistical tools to analyze typical changes associated with low-temperature death. The potential applications of cadaveric imaging in these cases were also discussed.

Results:

The typical postmortem imaging manifestations of death from hypothermia include increased volume of bilateral lung tissue, decreased density of bilateral lung tissue, and absence of pulmonary hypostasis. By comparison, it has been proven that PMCT can quickly detect typical changes in postmortem imaging of death from hypothermia. After applying PMCT, combined with the results of postmortem imaging, physical and chemical, and the environmental condition of the scene, in the absence of individual deaths because of other reasons, it can be determined that the individual died from hypothermia.

Conclusions:

The case of the death from hypothermia is a tough issue in forensic pathology examination. Through this review, it was found that the death from hypothermia cases have typical postmortem imaging. After combining the case, on-site investigation, and toxicology testing, we found the PMCT can solve the case of the death from hypothermia.
Measurement of Fluoride Ion Release From Restorative Material Using an Ion-Selective Electrode and Ultraviolet–Visible Light Spectrophotometer
Authors: Manjunath Vinutha , John Raveena P. , Doddawad Vidya G. , Gehlot Paras Mull , Achar Raghu Ram , Vadiraj K. T.
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:

Importance of fluoride in dental restorative materials for preventing secondary caries. Several commercially available tooth-colored dental restorative materials, such as glass ionomer cement, resin composites, and compomers were used for this study.

Aim:

To evaluate the amount of fluoride release from tooth-colored restorative materials [Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GC Fuji II)], Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement (ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE), and Giomer (BEAUTIFIL II LS)] using ion-selective electrode (ISE) and spectrophotometer using zirconyl alizarin red dye method.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 90 extracted premolars were divided into two control groups and four experimental groups. Group I: GC Fuji II/ISE; Group II: BEAUTIFIL II LS/ISE; Group III: ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE/ISE; Group IV: GC Fuji II/Spectrophotometer; Group V: BEAUTIFIL II LS/Spectrophotometer; and Group VI: ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE/Spectrophotometer. The amount of fluoride released was analyzed using an ion-selective elective method and spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc tests (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:

Groups I and IV exhibited the highest fluoride release (1.42 and 1.12 ppm), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with Groups II and V, which showed the least using both methods. The fluoride release pattern of ACTIVA BioACTIVE (Groups III and VI) restorative was significantly lower than that of glass ionomers and showed no significant difference from the giomers groups (Groups II and IV).

Conclusion:

Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) showed the highest fluoride release followed by enhanced resin-modified GIC and giomer irrespective of the methods used. Fluoride ion concentration values obtained from the ISE method, and spectrophotometer method were comparable. Alizarin red dye can be used as an alternative to sulfanilic acid azochromotrop dye for the estimation of the release of fluoride ions from dental materials, which is known to be sensitive and much more economical compared with the latter.
Exploring the Impact of Brain-Computer Interfaces on Health Care: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects: A Review Article
Authors: Sah Soni K. , Taksande Vaishali , Jadhav Deepali , Maurya Archana T.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are an innovative technology that methods with a great possibility to revolutionize the sphere of medicine with the help of integration of human brain and external devices. In this article, we discuss how BCIs can be incorporated into hospitals and civil rehabilitation centers, possibly for rehabilitation, communication, and cognitive treatments. This review aims to discuss the advancement, usefulness, difficulties, and potential in regards to the use of BCIs in healthcare. We describe trends in the development of BCIs from simple experimental paradigms to multimedia advanced devices and their usage in clinical practice: assistive technology in patients with motor disorders, neurorehabilitation of post-stroke patients, and cognitive prosthesis for humans with neurodegenerative diseases. The article also emphasizes on present-day issues including signal quality, comfort level of the users, and the ethical parameter of the technique along with the research going on and future work streams. Thus, by evaluating the modern developments in the field and highlighting the existing problems, this article will try to give a briefing on the current stage of application of BCIs in the sphere of healthcare.
Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder among Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sahu Manoj , Ilias Mohammad , Pandey Ramesh , Saxena Saumya , Saad Talha , Mishra Nitu
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is marked by pain and restricted shoulder movement, with diabetes mellitus being a known risk factor. However, its occurrence in diabetic individuals in health care settings is underreported.

Objective:

To estimate the occurrence of frozen shoulder among diabetic patients in a tertiary hospital.

Methods:

This observational study evaluated patients with diabetes for frozen shoulder through clinical diagnosis and imaging. Prevalence was calculated.

Results:

Frozen shoulder was observed in 11% of diabetic cases, highlighting the need for routine screening in this population.

Conclusion:

The study emphasizes the importance of screening for frozen shoulder in diabetic patients to ensure early diagnosis and management.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module Regarding Expression and Storage of Breast Milk among Working Mothers at Semmanichettipalayam Coimbatore
Authors: Krishnasamy Jeyabarathi , Jayadeepa T. , Rajam Rajitha S. , Purushothaman Senthil , Mohanraj K. , Chitra Lingaraj , Chinnusamy Sivakumar
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, supporting their physical and emotional development. Breastfeeding should begin within an hour of birth.

Study Objectives:

a) Assess knowledge of breast milk expression and storage among working mothers. b) Evaluate practices related to expression and storage. c) Provide a self-instructional module on expressed breast milk. d) Measure the module’s effectiveness. e) Analyze the association between knowledge, practice, and selected demographic variables.

Methodology:

An experimental study with 40 working mothers selected via convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge and practices.

Results:

Descriptive statistics were used, yielding a “t” value of 9.35. Over 15 days, questionnaires were administered to 3 participants daily, with posttests and the instructional module provided after 15 days.

Conclusion:

The study showed a significant improvement in knowledge and practices after the self-instructional module was provided.
Correlation Between the Use of Vesicant Medications and The Incidence of Phlebitis in Pediatric Ward
Authors: Annisa Lily , Hanifah Suci , Setiani Putri
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Phlebitis is an inflammatory process that is characterized by inflamed venous endothelial cells. Vesicant medications are found to be one of the causes of phlebitis, especially in pediatric patients.

Objective:

To investigate the correlation between the use of vesicant medications and phlebitis incidence.

Material and Methods:

The study was descriptive observational conducted over the period of June–July 2022 in a pediatric ward. The inclusion criteria were male or female pediatric inpatients, aged 1 month–18 years, and receiving medication via intravenous infusion for >24 hours. The data obtained were then analyzed for correlations by using bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results and Conclusion:

A total of 174 patients met the inclusion criteria; 27.6% experienced phlebitis, and 37.9% received vesicant medications. The most frequently used vesicant medications in the pediatric ward was gentamicin (74.24%). The use of vesicants and administration of >3 intravenous drugs showed statistically significant results associated with the incidence of phlebitis, with RR: 4.17 (P < 0.001; CI = 2.1–8.3) and RR = 2.6 (P = 0.012; CI = 1.2–5.5), respectively. The multivariate test results showed that the use of vesicants was a risk factor for phlebitis, with OR = 4.41 (P < 0.001; CI = 2.0–9.7). The use of vesicants is associated with the incidence of phlebitis in a pediatric inpatient ward.
Comparative Analysis of Cytotoxicity and Odontogenic Differentiation of Novel Bioceramic Material on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dhevi G. R. Ishwarya , Arangannal Ponnudurai , Jeevarathan J
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Bioceramic materials have revolutionized the field of endodontics by successfully transforming the outcomes of pulp therapies. Novel biomaterials are evolving by modifying the conventional mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to overcome their existing limitations, the major ones being prolonged setting and cytotoxic radiopacifiers. Dental white portland cement (DWPC) is a novel formulated bioceramic material introduced as an enhanced MTA alternative. This in vitro study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity and odontogenic differentiation of novel formulation DWPC with MTA Angelus, Biodentin (BD) and white portland cement (WPC) on human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs).

Materials and Methods:

HDPSCs were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM) with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics at 37°C, 90% humidity in a 5% CO2 incubator. Experimental samples were prepared as disks. The viability of HDPSCs was measured by Mosmann’s tetrazolium toxicity (MTT) assay, and odontogenic potential was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 24 hours, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals. The mean and standard deviations were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe tests using IBM SPSS Software (IBM statistical package for social sciences) – Version 24.0 with a significance level set as P < 0.05.

Results:

All four groups tested using MTT assay showed no toxicity and possess odontogenic potential in all the experimental durations. Experimental group DWPC presented with the highest mean cell viability and ALP activity at all intervals followed by WPC, MTA, and BD (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

DWPC presented good bioactivity in terms of cell viability and ALP activity. Thus, DWPC could be a promising endodontic material. However, further research is warranted to explore the clinical applicability.
Assessment of the Antibacterial Properties and Cytocompatibility of Implant Coatings Incorporating Antimicrobial Agents: An In vitro Study
Authors: Verma Saloni , Mahapatra Annuroopa , Gupta Kavita , Dewan Harisha , Raju Minu , Prasad D Anupama
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of titanium implants coated with silver, chitosan, and antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:

Antibacterial properties were tested using inhibition zones against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The cytocompatibility was assessed through cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation by using human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test.

Results:

Antibiotics showed the highest antibacterial activity. Silver reduced cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation, while chitosan balanced antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility. Time-dependent viability assays indicated consistent reduction for silver-treated cells.

Conclusion:

Silver, chitosan, and antibiotics are effective against implant-related pathogens, but their cytocompatibility varies.
Assessment of Solubility and Sorption of Cention-N, Zirconomer, and Conventional GIC Restorative Materials Immersed in Different Beverages
Authors: Sahoo Sanjit Kumar , Reddy Naveen R. , Awinashe Vaibhav , Shah Shahzad A. , Vempalli Swetha , Alessa Noura , Shetty Prajwal , Ramaiah Vardarajula V.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The objective of this research was to assess the solubility and sorption values of various restorative materials immersed in different beverages.

Materials and Method:

Thirty circular discs per restorative material were prepared with 10 in each group; Group I-cention-N, Group II-Zirconomer, and Group III-glass-ionomer cements. Ten specimens of each material were immersed in the test media (various beverages such as tea, coffee, and orange juice) for six days. Water sorption and solubility were calculated using ISO guidelines.

Result:

There was statistically considerable variation between the three tested materials. Amongst the beverages tested orange juice persuaded both sorption and solubility values more than the other media.

Conclusion:

Conventional GIC was found to have more sorption and solubility values than the other two materials.
Laser Assisted New Attachment Procedure: An Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Moderate to Deep Periodontal Pockets Treatment
Authors: Siddiqui Arif , Chowdhary Zoya , Anamika  , Gupta Disha , Loitongbam Monika , Singh Vikas
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

In order to assess the effectiveness of a laser-assisted new attachment method (LANAP) employing a diode in treating moderate to deep periodontal pockets, a split-mouth randomized controlled trial was carried out.

Methods:

Ten participants, aged 18–65, with moderate to deep periodontal pockets were included in the research. The subjects were split into two groups, control and test, each with ten sites. Scaling and root planing (SRP) was applied to the control sites using a universal curette, whereas SRP and a diode laser were used on the test sites. At six and twenty-four weeks, the subjects were summoned back for a post-operative assessment. The clinical parameters, including the clinical attachment level (CAL), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) for both groups were noted, and the information gathered was statistically examined.

Results:

PPD and CAL in the test groups showed a clinically significant decline, and the values of the test and control groups at six and twenty-four weeks differed statistically significantly.

Conclusion:

Based on the study’s findings, moderate-to-deep periodontal pockets may benefit from LANAP treatment before scaling.
A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Five Different Herbal Solutions: Propolis, Azadirachta Indica (Neem), Triphala, Green Tea, and Turmeric against Enterococcus Faecalis and Debris Removal from the Root Canal Using Two Irrigation Protocols—Manual and Ultrasonic—An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Jain Omni P. , Lairenlakpam Ronel , Priya Pallavi , Chouhan Vidhur , Anand Karishma , Dhandoria Deepika
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To assess the objectives are to assess and contrast the antibacterial activity of neem, propolis, triphala, turmeric, and green tea as well as the effectiveness of these substances in clearing root canal debris in the presence and absence of passive ultrasonic irrigation.

Methodology:

Techniques, such as neem, propolis, triphala, turmeric, and green tea, were tested for antibacterial activity using enterococcus faecalis (ATCC-24212) as a test organism and an agar diffusion test. The negative control group was saline.

Results:

A total of 240 removed human mandibular permanent teeth were utilized to assess the effectiveness of the debris removal process. From the CEJ, they received decoronation. After that, they were split into 12 smaller groups based on whether passive ultrasonic stimulation was employed throughout the irrigation technique.

Conclusion:

Propolis and triphala had the highest antibacterial activity against enterococcus faecalis. Turmeric had the most efficiency in removing debris from the root canal, followed by propolis, and saline had the least amount. Using all six test irrigants, the debris removal effectiveness was increased by passive ultrasonic irrigation.