bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bureaucracy and narrative possibilities in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go
Authors: Johansen Emily
Published: April 2015

This article examines the use of bureaucratic narrative — that which poses the subject as an administrative subject and emphasizes the depersonalized and routinized repetition of formulaic rhetoric — in Never Let Me Go (2005) and its suggestion that the language of regulation and job requirements pervasively shapes the seeming impossibility of a critical stance towards a system that is patently and determinedly cruel. By reframing Kathy’s and Tommy’s dystopian–bureaucratic narrative as a romance pushing against the boundaries of bureaucracy and by situating the reader as a sympathizing character within the text, the novel makes visible the contours of neoliberal rationalities. I argue that Never Let Me Go illustrates that the bureaucratic state is experienced as an array of narratives that structure interpersonal interactions, not just as a set of material and spatial practices. This means considering bureaucracy as an interpretative frame, not just material apparatuses or structures of management.
Bayonets and the carnage of tongues: The contemporary Nigerian poet speaking truth to power
Authors: Diala Isidore
Published: April 2015

The paradigmatic antagonistic relationship between the Nigerian poet and the despot in his guise as a military ruler has often been examined in terms of a hegemonic contestation of power between unequal rivals. The military state’s typical response to the poet’s “truth” with the display of excessive might, often involving the emblematic battering of the poet’s tongue by the imposition of silence even in its eternal form of death, entrenches the notion of a powerful antagonist pitted against a weak opponent who nonetheless incarnates the spirit of the masses. A close reading of anti-military Nigerian poetry, however, underscores that the situation was replete with paradoxes: the inability of power to ignore apparent powerlessness; the ultimate triumph of powerlessness over power; and the fascinating replication in the counter-discourse of the (discursive) strategies of the dominant hegemony it battles against. This study highlights these trends in contemporary Nigerian poetry inspired by military despotism by paying particular attention to the work of the “third generation” of Nigerian poets.
Comparing the impacts of community policing in the cities of Nagpur and Tirunelveli
Authors: Thakre Amit Gopal , Sivakumar R , Jaishankar K
Published: April 2015

Community policing is a philosophically right strategy, but as yet its feasibility remains to be adequately established through scientific procedures. Impact assessment of community policing is much needed in contemporary literature. This paper comparatively examines the community policing movement between Mitra Police (Nagpur) and Friends of Police (Tirunelveli) (‘FOP’). The findings of this study will assist in identifying which of the two has a better strategy and the reason for this. The variables are divided into input, supervision and outcome categories. This comparative study examined 240 respondents taken through a purposive method to compare the outcome of Mitra Police and FOP using SPSS. Overall, the inputs made into FOP were comparatively better than those for Mitra Police, but it is still lacking on many fronts. Lack of proper supervision process is found to be a major downfall of Mitra Police in Nagpur. In both cities community policing fails to improve police image. This study indicates important variables that are having significant impact on community policing effectiveness, and policy makers should factor in these findings to further refine community policing strategy in their locality.
Outpatient Provider Concentration and Commercial Colonoscopy Prices
Authors: Pozen Alexis
Published: April 2015

The objective was to evaluate the magnitude of various contributors to outpatient commercial colonoscopy prices, including market- and provider-level factors, especially market share. We used adjudicated fee-for-service facility claims from a large commercial insurer for colonoscopies occurring in hospital outpatient department or ambulatory surgery center from October 2005 to December 2012. Claims were matched to provider- and market-level data. Linear fixed effects regressions of negotiated colonoscopy price were run on provider, system, and market characteristics. Markets were defined as counties. There were 178 433 claims from 169 providers (104 systems). The mean system market share was 76% (SD = 0.34) and the mean real (deflated) price was US$1363 (SD = 374), ranging from US$169 to US$2748. For every percentage point increase in a system or individual facility’s bed share, relative price increased by 2 to 4 percentage points; this result was stable across a number of specifications. Market population and price were also consistently positively related, though this relation was small in magnitude. No other factor explained price as strongly as market share. Price variation for colonoscopy was driven primarily by market share, of particular concern as the number of mergers increases in wake of the recession and the Affordable Care Act. Whether variation is justified by better quality care requires further research to determine whether quality is subsumed in prices.
Competing Reflexive Models of Regional Speech in Northern Ohio
Authors: Campbell-Kibler Kathryn , Bauer M. Kathryn
Published: April 2015

Campbell-Kibler (2012) argued that the “northern” or Cleveland accent has been developing as a register (Agha 2003, 2007) in Ohio, primarily positioned as an unstigmatized and idiosyncratic form of linguistic difference from an imagined central Ohio norm. The current study examines northern Ohioans’ orientation to this construct within a larger understanding of their sociolinguistic imagining of Ohio. Northerners are found to share many language ideologies with other Ohioans, including a focus on north-to-south variation, an emphasis on rural versus urban language difference, and a belief in the local existence of unaccented, educated, normative speech. They differ from other Ohioans in sometimes conceptualizing urban speech as standard, failing to mark central Ohio as a distinct region, and subdividing the northeast (their own region) in a Cleveland-centered small region and a larger northeast corner of the state.

Most importantly, they differ from central Ohioans in their treatment of the linguistic difference between central and northern Ohio, i.e., the Inland North/Midland dialect boundary (Labov, Ash & Boberg 2006). Forty-two percent of northerners and 52 percent of others fail to construct a perceptual boundary between central and northeast Ohio, while 27 percent and 48 percent respectively indicate the north as the divergent speech area. Northerners differ, however, in having a third group (31 percent), who position their own speech as normative and the central Ohio speech as marked, counter to the discourses of central Ohioans. These results support Agha’s (2007) point that individuals’ stakes in particular reflexive models are a key influence on models’ circulation and further show the importance of “unremarkable” as a context-bound and often valuable sociolinguistic meaning, rather than a lack of meaning.
The selection of the key ergonomic indicators influencing work efficiency in railway control rooms
Authors: Grozdanovic Miroljub , Janackovic Goran L , Stojiljkovic Evica
Published: April 2015

This paper presents an analytical–synthetic model of ergonomic research of the abilities of the dispatcher/operator in the control room for the automatic control of railway transportation. Twenty performance indicators describing the operators’ performance (work capacity and perceptive abilities) and the main characteristics of the control room (work organization and ergo-technical analysis) are identified. A group fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is applied in the process of ranking and selection of key performance indicators of railway control rooms. The selected key performance indicators (the operator’s hand movement, visual symptoms of fatigue, device error analysis, location and dimensions of the control desk) are analysed in detail.
Replication Study of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania–Adult Version in a Clinically Characterized Sample
Authors: Keuthen Nancy J. , Tung Esther S. , Woods Douglas W. , Franklin Martin E. , Altenburger Erin M. , Pauls David L. , Flessner Christopher A.
Published: April 2015

In the present study, we evaluated the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania–Adult Version (MIST-A) in a replication sample of clinically characterized hair pullers using exploratory factor analysis (EFA; N = 193). EFA eigenvalues and visual inspection of our scree plot revealed a two-factor solution. Factor structure coefficients and internal consistencies suggested a 13-item scale with an 8-item “Intention” scale and a 5-item “Emotion” scale. Both scales displayed good construct and discriminant validity. These findings indicate the need for a revised scale that provides a more refined assessment of pulling phenomenology that can facilitate future treatment advances.
Regulatory Forum Opinion Piece*
Authors: Seely John Curtis , Frazier Kendall S.
Published: April 2015

Renal tubule lesions often prove troublesome for toxicologic pathologists because of the diverse nature and interrelated cell types within the kidney and the presence of spontaneous lesions with overlapping morphologies similar to those induced by renal toxicants. Although there are a number of guidance documents available citing straightforward diagnostic criteria of tubule lesions for the pathologist to refer to, most are presented without further advice on the when to or to the why and the why not of diagnosing one lesion over another. Documents presenting diagnostic perspectives and recommendations derived from an author’s experience are limited since guidance documents are generally based on descriptive observations. In this Regulatory Forum opinion piece, the authors attempt to dispel confusing renal tubule lesion terminology in laboratory animal species by suggesting histological advice on the recognition and interpretation of these complex entities.
Collaborating With Businesses to Support and Sustain Research
Authors: Moch Susan Diemert , Jansen Debra A. , Jadack Rosemary A. , Page Phil , Topp Robert
Published: April 2015

Financial assistance is necessary for sustaining research at universities. Business collaborations are a potential means for obtaining these funds. To secure funding, understanding the process for obtaining these business funds is important for nursing faculty members. Although faculty rarely request funding from businesses, they are often in a position to solicit financial support due to existing relationships with clinical agency administrators, staff, and community leaders. The economic support received from businesses provides outcomes in nursing research, research education, academic–service partnerships, and client health care. This article describes the steps and processes involved in successfully obtaining research funding from businesses. In addition, case examples for securing and maintaining funding from health care agencies (evidence-based practice services) and from a health manufacturing company (product evaluation) are used to demonstrate the process.
Further understanding sexual communication
Authors: Horan Sean M.
Published: April 2015

Individuals aged 15–24 years account for half of all new sexually transmitted infections. Such diseases are preventable, and communication lies at the center of this prevention. One safer sex behavior rooted in communication is the disclosure of one’s sexual history. Consistent with this perspective, and utilizing affection exchange theory (AET), this study focused on one aspect of sexual history discussions by examining the (dis)honesty of individuals’ disclosures of their number of previous sexual partners and associated safer sex behavior/communication. Results indicated that roughly two-thirds of participants correctly identified disclosure of the number of previous sexual partners as a safer sex practice. Yet about 60% of participants had, at some point, acted deceptively with their representation of their number of previous partners, and of those, nearly 20% never disclosed their number of previous partners. Deception about number of previous partners accounted for some differences in safer sex behaviors. Additionally, individuals who reported omitting their number of previous partners from all sexual partners also reported being the least comfortable with safer sex communication. Applied implications as well as implications for AET are discussed.
Emergency management of heat exchanger leak on cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia
Authors: Gukop P , Tiezzi A , Mattam K , Sarsam M
Published: April 2015

Heat exchanger leak on cardiopulmonary bypass is very rare, but serious. The exact incidence is not known. It is an emergency associated with the potential risk of blood contamination, air embolism and haemolysis, difficulty with re-warming, acidosis, subsequent septic shock, multi-organ failure and death. We present a prompt, highly co-ordinated algorithm for the successful management of this important rare complication. There is need for further research to look for safety devices that detect leaks and techniques to reduce bacterial load. It is essential that teams practice oxygenator change-out routines and have a well-established change-out protocol.
Conclusiveness of the Cochrane reviews in gynaecological cancer: A systematic analysis
Authors: Yin Shande , Chuai Yunhai , Wang Aiming , Zhang Lanmei
Published: April 2015

Objective

To assess the conclusiveness of Cochrane reviews in the field of gynaecological cancer.

Methods

The Cochrane Library was searched for reviews regarding gynaecological cancer published between 1 January 2000 and 1 November 2014. Data were extracted from each paper and the conclusiveness of each review was assessed.

Results

The study included 66 reviews, 41 (62.1%) of which were conclusive. Of these, 58 included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 37 (63.8%) of which were conclusive. Conclusive reviews of RCTs included significantly more patients than inconclusive reviews, but there was no difference in the number of included studies. Of the eight reviews of nonrandomized studies, four (50.0%) were conclusive. The majority of reviews recognized the need for additional studies.

Conclusions

In the field of gynaecological cancer, reviews are more likely to be conclusive when they include RCTs, as well as large numbers of patients.
Correlation between changes in thyromental distance and distance of migration of oral Ring-Adair-Elwyn tubes during neck extension with a shoulder positioner in patients undergoing neck procedures
Authors: Jin Seok-Joon , Choi Yoon-Ji , Park Sang-Wook , Lee Yu-Mi
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To measure the migration of oral Ring-Adair-Elwyn (RAE) preformed tracheal tubes during neck extension compared with the neutral neck position, and to assess the correlation between changes in the thyromental distance (TMD) during changes in neck position and tracheal tube migration.

Methods

This prospective observational study enrolled adult patients undergoing elective neck or thyroid procedures below the mandible. Using fibreoptic bronchoscopy, distances from the RAE tube adapter to the carina and to the tube tip were measured in the neutral position and after neck extension with a 10 cm D-shaped gel shoulder positioner. The change in distance of the RAE tube tip migration was compared with the change in TMD in each patient.

Results

This study enrolled 106 patients. During neck extension with a 10-cm shoulder positioner, RAE tubes cranially migrated 2.7 cm from the neutral position, but RAE tube migration was not correlated with the change in external TMD.

Conclusion

Oral RAE tube migration was not significantly correlated with the change in external TMD. Due to their large variability, changes in TMD were not useful predictors of RAE tube migration.
Functional Testing Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients Released Versus Not Released to Return to Sport
Authors: Mayer Stephanie W. , Queen Robin M. , Taylor Dean , Moorman Claude T. , Toth Allison P. , Garrett William E. , Butler Robert J.
Published: April 2015

Background:

No standardized return-to-activity or sport guidelines currently exist after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Isokinetic testing and unilateral hop testing, which have construct validity, are often used to make the determination of when a patient is ready to return to sport. Neither of these measures has been reported to be predictive of subsequent injuries.

Purpose:

To compare the performance on 2 functional tests of ACL reconstruction patients released to return to activity versus those who have not been released based on clinical impairment measures.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 98 patients were examined by the treating orthopaedic surgeon 6 months after ACL reconstruction for traditional impairment measures, including swelling, range of motion, strength, and graft stability. After this examination, all subjects completed the functional testing, consisting of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-LQ), by an experienced tester who was blinded to the results of the clinical examination. On the basis of the clinical examination, all patients were grouped as being ready to return to sport or not being ready. Performance on the functional tests, as measured by overall performance and side-to-side asymmetry, was compared between the 2 groups using independent-samples t tests ( P < .05).

Results:

No difference existed between the groups with regard to the descriptive characteristics, with the exception that the group not cleared was younger (21.0 ± 7.4 years) than the group that was cleared (25.6 ± 13.2 years). Performance on the YBT-LQ revealed that no differences existed between groups when examining reach symmetry for any of the reach directions. In addition, no differences were found between groups when looking at the average reach score normalized to limb length for either the surgical or nonsurgical leg. Patients in the cleared group exhibited a similar score on the FMS (12.7 ± 2.9) compared with the noncleared group (12.8 ± 2.7). Similarly, no differences were observed for the number of asymmetries; however, both groups averaged 1 asymmetry during the testing.

Conclusion:

Clinical impairment measures do not appear to be related to measured functional ability. Performance on both functional tests, the FMS and YBT-LQ, at 6 months would suggest that the typical patient in both groups would be at a greater risk of lower extremity injury, based on currently published research.
The Association of Investment Model Variables and Dyadic Patterns of Physical Partner Violence
Authors: Dixon Kristiana J. , Edwards Katie M. , Gidycz Christine A.
Published: April 2015

Previous research has examined the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization experiences and investment model variables, particularly with relation to leaving intentions. However, research only has begun to explore the impact that various dyadic patterns of IPV (i.e., unidirectional victimization, unidirectional perpetration, bidirectional violence, and non-violence) have on investment model variables. Grounded in behavioral principles, the current study used a sample of college women to assess the impact that perpetration and victimization have on investment model variables. Results indicated that 69.2% of the sample was in a relationship with no IPV. Among those who reported IPV in their relationships, 11.9% reported unidirectional perpetration, 10.6% bidirectional violence, and 7.4% unidirectional victimization. Overall, the findings suggest that women’s victimization (i.e., victim only and bidirectional IPV) is associated with lower levels of satisfaction and commitment, and that women’s perpetration (i.e., perpetration only and bidirectional IPV) is associated with higher levels of investment. Women in bidirectionally violent relationships reported higher quality alternatives than women in non-violent relationships. The current study emphasizes the importance of considering both IPV perpetration and IPV victimization experiences when exploring women’s decisions to remain in relationships.
Does Double Plateau Always Lead to Turnover Intention? Evidence From China With Indigenous Career Plateau Scale
Authors: Xie Baoguo , Lu Xinxin , Zhou Wenxia
Published: April 2015

Drawing on the inducement–contribution employment model, this article examines the mediation of affective commitment on the relationship between hierarchical plateau and turnover intention and how job content plateau moderates the relationship. The hypotheses are tested in a sample consisting of 288 Chinese employees from a variety of industries. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analyses show that hierarchical plateau is positively related to turnover intention, and affective commitment fully mediates the relationship. The moderated mediation analysis reveals that the mediation of affective commitment on hierarchical plateau–turnover intention relation is conditional upon job content plateau. Specifically, job content plateau weakens rather than strengthens the effect of hierarchical plateau on affective commitment and the resultant turnover intention. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
L’impact du protectorat français sur l’industrie du poisson au Maroc
Authors: Caquel Marie
Published: April 2015

À la veille de l’installation du protectorat français au Maroc, la population marocaine mange peu de poisson et l’industrie de la pêche n’est pas développée. Aujourd’hui, le Maroc est le premier exportateur mondial de sardines en conserve. Cet article s’attache à comprendre comment les industriels français, en lien avec l’administration du protectorat, ont réussi à transformer le système productif marocain au nom d’un acte « civilisateur » et ceci en utilisant la main d’œuvre du pays sans toutefois l’associer aux projets. Ils n’ont cependant pas réussi à faire de la société marocaine un débouché pour sa propre production, presque exclusivement destinée à l’exportation.
Gagging on égalité: French culinary imperialism on the island of Reunion in Axel Gauvin’s Faims d’enfance
Authors: Cope Robyn
Published: April 2015

In Axel Gauvin’s 1987 novel, Faims d’enfance, food aversions sketch out the lines of finely nuanced Reunionese identities, as an adolescent of Tamil descent and his poor white classmates find themselves gagging on the égalité they are served in their rural school’s cafeteria in 1958. Using Laurent Médéa’s 2010 work on neo-colonialism in departmentalised Reunion and Laurence Tibère’s 2009 study of the role of foodways in structuring Reunion’s multicultural society in conjunction with a close reading of the novel itself, this article demonstrates that Axel Gauvin’s Faims d’enfance widens the scope of the defence of Creoleness to include the notion of patrimoine gastronomique and intimates that the Reunionese attachment to ‘eating Creole’ is a legitimate first step in the pursuit of cultural and political self-determination.
Le ravitaillement en vivres importés et ses incidences dans les chantiers forestiers du Gabon pendant la période coloniale (1920–1960)
Authors: Didzambou Rufin
Published: April 2015

En 1920 débute l’exploitation intensive de la forêt, première ressource économique de la colonie du Gabon. Celle-ci nécessite une main-d’œuvre abondante qu’il faut nourrir. Pour pallier au problème du ravitaillement, la législation coloniale autorise la création des économats et surtout, impose aux entreprises la fourniture de la ration alimentaire aux travailleurs. Ces vivres sont constitués d’aliments locaux et importés. Progressivement, les vivres importés occupent une place de plus en plus grande dans les habitudes alimentaires des populations locales. Toutefois, la consommation de certains de ces aliments importés a également des répercussions néfastes sur la santé des travailleurs : on pense, entre autres, au béribéri, une maladie gastrique provoquée par la consommation continue du riz, et aux ravages occasionnés par la consommation de l’alcool. Le ravitaillement des chantiers forestiers en vivres importés et son impact sur les travailleurs, avant et après l’accession du territoire à la souveraineté nationale en 1960, constitue l’objet de cette recherche.
Le vin et la viticulture en Tunisie coloniale (1881–1956): Entre synapse et apartheid
Authors: Znaien Nessim
Published: April 2015

À partir de sources administratives, de témoignages littéraires et scientifiques, cet article étudie la mise en place d’une industrie viticole en Tunisie, sous le protectorat français, et son impact sur les populations. Le vin produit en Tunisie est en grande majorité exporté à l’étranger, ce qui donne ainsi une vitrine au protectorat français en Tunisie, des revenus supplémentaires et permet d’asseoir la domination coloniale. En parallèle, le commerce et la consommation d’alcool par les indigènes tunisiens sont strictement interdits à partir de 1917. L’administration souhaite faire respecter l’interdit religieux musulman de consommation d’alcool, mais renforce ainsi les représentations coloniales sur les coutumes des indigènes. Malgré ces interdits, le vin est une synapse entre la société des colons et la société colonisée. Par les ventes de vin clandestines, ou par les représentations autour des consommations de chacun le vin est un moyen de renégocier ou réaffirmer l’autorité coloniale.
Transmitting class across generations
Authors: Walkerdine Valerie
Published: April 2015

The voluminous literature on intergenerational transmission often engages with the transmission of poverty and poor educational attainment. This article reviews and questions the assumptions made within this literature. In particular, the paper seeks to engage with the central importance of the embodied experience of lived history and its transmission through generations. In understanding this, the article uses the work of psychoanalysts Davoine and Gaudilliere, Bracha Ettinger, and Felix Guattari, all of whom deal, in different ways, with affective transmission through bodies, in locations, and in history. In using this work to understand classed transmission, the paper suggests a number of possible routes to understanding from the past and from the embodied present of the current generation. In order to produce a complex account which does not pathologise the experience of the previous generation (usually the mother), this experience needs to be both re-theorised and placed in history.
Outsourcing of public services in Europe and segmentation effects: The influence of labour market factors
Authors: Grimshaw Damian , Rubery Jill , Anxo Dominique , Bacache-Beauvallet Maya , Neumann László , Weinkopf Claudia
Published: April 2015

This article examines the influence of labour market factors on public authorities’ decisions to outsource public services in five countries. The dominant focus in the outsourcing literature is on a narrow range of factors: public–private gaps in pay, union membership and collective bargaining coverage. We find such differences to be variable, and develop a more encompassing perspective. This includes consideration of labour market rules that establish wage floors and employment protection (especially for outsourced workers) and the possible differentiation of legal status between public and private employees. Our case studies from local government in five countries highlight a set of country-specific interconnections between labour market factors and outsourcing. These lead to variations in both managers’ and unions’ approaches towards outsourcing and in outcomes for pay and working conditions. We call for a strengthening of the inclusiveness of industrial relations structures to combat problems of workforce fragmentation caused by outsourcing.
Value-Added Assessment of Teacher Preparation
Authors: Gansle Kristin A. , Noell George H. , Grandstaff-Beckers Gerlinde , Stringer Angelle , Roberts Nancy , Burns Jeanne M.
Published: April 2015

As states move to teacher evaluation that is intended to capture teacher contributions to students’ learning outcomes, some states have adopted value-added measures to examine teachers’ and teacher preparation programs’ effectiveness. In Louisiana, the value-added assessment of teacher preparation programs includes students with disabilities and has provided part of the impetus for the increasing national interest in assessing teacher preparation through value-added indicators and developing action plans in response to value-added results. These results can signal concerns across content areas, program delivery, and student characteristics, but are not prescriptive regarding follow-up actions. This article provides (a) an introduction to value-added assessment, (b) how Louisiana has used value-added metrics for the assessment of teacher preparation programs, (c) the use of special education status within the models, and (d) limitations and benefits of value-added assessment results for evaluating teacher preparation programs. Finally, the particular challenges associated with value-added assessment of special educator preparation are discussed.
Toward Improving the Effectiveness of Formal Mentoring Programs
Authors: Menges Christine
Published: April 2015

Organizations establish formal mentoring programs to advance personal and professional development, but not all relationships between mentors and protégés deliver these results. Based on the similarity-attraction paradigm, it is proposed that protégés receive more career and psychosocial support if mentors and protégés have similar personalities. A test of the model with data from a sample of 68 mentor–protégé dyads of a formal mentoring program showed, first, that career support is linked to mentor and protégé similarity in the personality trait openness to experience and, second, that psychosocial support for protégés is linked to mentor and protégé similarity in openness to experience and conscientiousness. It is concluded that matching mentors with protégés on two specific personality traits, openness to experience and conscientiousness, enhances the outcomes of mentoring relationships for protégés.
The Mismatch Between Children’s Health Needs and School Resources
Authors: Knauer Heather , Baker Dian L. , Hebbeler Kathleen , Davis-Alldritt Linda
Published: April 2015

There are increasing numbers of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) who require various levels of care each school day. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of public schools in supporting CSHCN through in-depth key informant interviews. For this qualitative study, the authors interviewed 17 key informants to identify key themes, provide recommendations, and generate hypotheses for further statewide survey of school nurse services. Key informants identified successful strategies and challenges that public schools face in meeting the needs of all CSHCN. Although schools are well intentioned, there is wide variation in the ability of schools to meet the needs of CSHCN. Increased funding, monitoring of school health services, integration of services, and interagency collaboration are strategies that could improve the delivery of health services to CSHCN in schools.
Minorities in the Middle East
Authors: Belge Ceren , Karakoç Ekrem
Published: April 2015

Under what conditions do minorities in the Middle East participate in authoritarian coalitions? Research on authoritarian resilience in the Middle East has been largely silent on linguistic and religious minorities’ preferences over regime types. Here, we examine whether minorities differ in their support for authoritarianism from the majority groups in four Middle Eastern states. We argue that minorities whose status is threatened by a transition to majoritarian decision-making institutions are less likely to be supportive of democratization. We examine how different cleavages affect the preferences of minorities over regime type and identify three historical legacies in the Middle East that have shaped these cleavages: the Ottoman-Islamic legacy of minority accommodation, the ethnic class structure that emerged as a result of the region’s integration to world markets in the nineteenth century, and a post-independence pattern of authoritarian secularism. Based on survey research and a comparison of minorities in Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, and Jordan, we find that linguistic minorities tend to be less supportive of authoritarianism while religious minorities tend to be more supportive of authoritarianism.
Vocational and Leisure Interests
Authors: Leuty Melanie E. , Hansen Jo-Ida C. , Speaks Stormy Z.
Published: April 2015

Although much attention has been devoted to examining the measurement of vocational interests, much less attention has been directed to studying leisure interests, despite suggestions for incorporation of leisure interests into career counseling, particularly for college students. Furthermore, research on the relations between leisure and vocational interests highlights that some leisure interests are highly related to vocational interests, such as interests in Social, Artistic, and Realistic activities. To advance understanding on interests and the relations between leisure and vocational interests, the current study used Latent Profile Analysis, a novel approach to examining interest profiles that identifies groups of individuals with similar profiles. Support was found for seven different interest profiles in a sample of college students. Additionally, a number of mean differences on work values, work centrality, and personality traits among the seven profiles were examined.
Why Do Adaptable People Feel Less Insecure? Indirect Effects of Career Adaptability on Job and Career Insecurity via Two Types of Perceived Marketability
Authors: Spurk Daniel , Kauffeld Simone , Meinecke Annika L. , Ebner Katharina
Published: April 2015

The aim of the present study was to analyze if and how career adaptability reduces different types of insecurity. More specifically, we argue in a theoretical model at the intersection of career and organizational research that perceived internal and external marketability serve as connecting variables in the link between career adaptability and job and career insecurity. We tested our assumptions by means of multiple indirect effects path analyses across two measurement points (6-month time span) with data from 142 university researchers working in the science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) fields. The results showed that career adaptability was positively related to perceived internal and external marketability, which both subsequently were negatively associated with job and career insecurity. We draw theoretical implications for career research in intra- and extraorganizational settings and discuss practical implications for fostering secure employment.
Comparison of Outcomes for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus With and Without Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Lee Moses , Kwon Ji Won , Choi Woo Jin , Lee Jin Woo
Published: April 2015

Background:

Previous reports suggest that prolonged instability of the ankle may contribute to development of osteochondral lesions and eventually lead to osteoarthritis. However, no studies have directly compared osteochondral lesions in ankles with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) to those without instability. This study was performed to determine characteristics and resulting clinical outcomes associated with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) in patients with and without instability.

Methods:

Of 420 patients who underwent primary arthroscopic marrow stimulation for OLT, 74 patients were identified as having concomitant CLAI. After considering age, sex, body mass index, and initial trauma history for the propensity score (1:2 ratio), a total of 148 patients without CLAI were matched from the remainder of the cohort. Demographics and lesion characteristics were compared using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. Clinical outcomes were compared using a visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle score, and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).

Results:

The OLT group with CLAI presented a significantly increased proportion of lateral-side OLT, large OLT (150 mm2 or larger), and chondral lesions at the tip of the medial malleolus ( P = .018, P = .024, and P < .001, respectively). VAS and AOFAS scores were comparable at the last follow-up. However, the OLT with CLAI group also exhibited a significantly increased proportion of failure (AOFAS score less than 80) and inferior outcomes in the FAOS for the sport and recreation subscale ( P = .034 and P = .005, respectively).

Conclusions:

Compared with osteochondral lesions in ankles without CLAI, osteochondral lesions in an unstable ankle had an increased proportion of larger lesions (150 mm2 or larger) and additional chondral lesions at the tip of the medial malleolus and the tibia plafond. This group also displayed increased clinical failure (AOFAS score less than 80). Inferior performance in sport and recreational activities may be more likely in patients with both OLT and CLAI.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Evaluation of Intervention Reach on a Citywide Health Behavior Change Campaign
Authors: Shimazaki Takashi , Takenaka Koji
Published: April 2015

Little is known about dissemination strategies that contribute to health information recognition. This study examined (a) health campaign exposure and awareness (slogan and logo recognition); (b) perceived communication channels; (c) differences between perceptions of researcher-developed and enhancement community health information materials; and (d) differences in campaign awareness and communication channels, according to Japanese community demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional survey ( N = 508) was conducted in Tokigawa, Japan, in 2013. The Small Change Campaign focused on increasing physical activity and improving dietary habits. Information dissemination was carried out using leaflets, newsletters, posters, website, local public relations magazines, health classes, events, and online newsletters. The participants completed a survey assessing their campaign awareness (i.e., slogan and logo) and exposure to the informational materials presented during the campaign. Fewer than half (45.4%) knew the slogan, and only 24.4% were aware of the logo. Public relations magazines, leaflets, and newsletters were significantly better-perceived health communication channels. Researcher-developed and enhancement community health information materials were equally recognized ( p = .34, w = .08). Furthermore, women and those who were employed were significantly more aware of the slogan, logo, and communication materials. Further research should explore effective communication strategies for community-based health promotion intervention via randomized control trials.
Influence of Sexual Dimorphism on Pulmonary Inflammatory Response in Adult Mice Exposed to Chloroform
Authors: Oliveira Túlio Henrique Versiani de , Campos Keila Karine Duarte , Soares Nícia Pedreira , Pena Karina Braga , Lima Wanderson Geraldo , Bezerra Frank Silva
Published: April 2015

Chloroform is an organic solvent used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various fluorocarbons. Despite its widespread use in industry and agriculture, exposure to chloroform can cause illnesses such as cancer, especially in the liver and kidneys. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of chloroform on redox imbalance and pulmonary inflammatory response in adult C57BL/6 mice. Forty animals were divided into 4 groups (N = 10): female (FCG) and male (MCG) controls, and females (FEG) and males (MEG) exposed to chloroform (7.0 ppm) 3 times/d for 20 minutes for 5 days. Total and differential cell counts, oxidative damage analysis, and protein carbonyl and antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) activity measurements were performed. Morphometric analyses included alveolar area (Aa) and volume density of alveolar septa (Vv) measurements. Compared to FCG and MCG, inflammatory cell influx, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and CAT activity were higher in FEG and MEG, respectively. Oxidative damage and enzyme CAT activity were higher in FEG than in FCG. The Aa was higher in FEG and MEG than in FCG and MCG, respectively. The Vv was lower in FEG and MEG than in FCG and MCG, respectively. This study highlights the risks of occupational chloroform exposure at low concentrations and the intensity of oxidative damage related to gender. The results validate a model of acute exposure that provides cellular and biochemical data through short-term exposure to chloroform.
Study of parallel programming models on computer clusters with Intel MIC coprocessors
Authors: Huang Miaoqing , Lai Chenggang , Shi Xuan , Hao Zhijun , You Haihang
Published: April 2015

Coprocessors based on the Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) Architecture have been adopted in many high-performance computer clusters. Typical parallel programming models, such as MPI and OpenMP, are supported on MIC processors to achieve the parallelism. In this work, we conduct a detailed study on the performance and scalability of the MIC processors under different programming models using the Beacon computer cluster. Our findings are as follows. (1) The native MPI programming model on the MIC processors is typically better than the offload programming model, which offloads the workload to MIC cores using OpenMP. (2) On top of the native MPI programming model, multithreading inside each MPI process can further improve the performance for parallel applications on computer clusters with MIC coprocessors. (3) Given a fixed number of MPI processes, it is a good strategy to schedule these MPI processes to as few MIC processors as possible to reduce the cross-processor communication overhead. (4) The hybrid MPI programming model, in which data processing is distributed to both MIC cores and CPU cores, can outperform the native MPI programming model.
A Five-Component Customer Commitment Model
Authors: Keiningham Timothy L. , Frennea Carly M. , Aksoy Lerzan , Buoye Alexander , Mittal Vikas
Published: April 2015

Empirical studies in marketing conceptualize commitment as a three-component construct comprised of affective, normative, and calculative commitment. We develop and empirically test a five-component typology of consumer commitment— affective, normative, economic, forced, and habitual commitment. The broadened conceptualization of commitment is tested using qualitative and quantitative studies with data from 9,000 consumers and 10 countries. The broadened five-component commitment model demonstrates high levels of reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and stability, as well as unique associations with repurchase intentions. Managerially, it provides a roadmap for optimizing commitment: while forced commitment should be minimized, economic and habitual commitment should be enhanced. These prescriptions vary for goods and services. Namely, affective, normative, and habitual commitment exhibit stronger positive effects on repurchase intentions for goods than for services; the opposite pattern is found for economic commitment. By showing how managers should optimize specific commitment dimensions rather than simply maximize overall commitment, while accounting for contextual factors such as differences between goods and services, our results provide an actionable strategic blueprint for firms’ customer commitment strategy.
Does participation mediate the prospective relationships of impairment, injury severity, and pain to quality of life following burn injury?
Authors: Elliott Timothy R , Berry Jack W , Nguyen Huynh Mai , Williamson Meredith LC , Kalpinski Ryan J , Underhill Andrea T , Fine Philip R
Published: April 2015

We examined the prospective impact of injury severity, functional impairment, and pain on participation in the community and subsequently on life satisfaction and self-rated health of 260 burn survivors 5 years post-discharge. Predictor variables include injury severity and total body surface area burned (assessed during acute care), functional independence (assessed at 12 months post-discharge), pain (assessed at the 24th month), and participation (assessed at the 48th month). Participation predicted life satisfaction and self-rated health. Functional independence and injury severity had significant indirect influences on adjustment via their influence on participation. Pain predicted both outcome variables. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Marital status, labour force activity and mortality: A study in the USA and six European countries
Authors: Van Hedel Karen , Van Lenthe Frank J. , Avendano Mauricio , Bopp Matthias , Esnaola Santiago , Kovács Katalin , Martikainen Pekka , Regidor Enrique , Mackenbach Johan P.
Published: April 2015

Aims: Labour force activity and marriage share some pathways through which they potentially influence health. In this paper, we examine whether marriage and labour force participation interact in the way they influence mortality in the USA and six European countries. Methods: We used data from the US National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index, and national mortality registry data for Austria, England/Wales, Finland, Hungary, Norway and Spain (specifically, the Basque country) during 1999–2007, for men and women aged 30–59 years at baseline. We used Poisson regression to estimate both the additive (relative excess risk due to interaction) and multiplicative interactions between marriage and labour force activity on mortality. Results: Labour force inactivity was associated with higher mortality, but this association was stronger for unmarried, rather than married, individuals. Likewise, being unmarried was associated with higher mortality, but this association was stronger for inactive than for active individuals. To illustrate, among US women out of the labour force, being unmarried was associated with a 3.98 times (95%CI 3.28–4.82) higher risk of dying than being married; whereas the relative risk (RR) was 2.49 (95%CI 2.10–2.94), for women who were active in the labour market. Although this interaction between marriage and labour force activity was only significant for women on a multiplicative scale, there was a significant additive interaction for both men and women. The pattern was similar across all countries. Conclusions: Marriage attenuated the increased mortality risk associated with labour force inactivity; while labour force activity attenuated the mortality risk associated with being unmarried. Our study emphasizes the importance of public health and social policies that improve the health and well-being of unmarried and inactive men and women.
Quantitative text analysis and the study of EU lobbying and interest groups
Authors: Bunea Adriana , Ibenskas Raimondas
Published: April 2015

Interest groups’ policy position documents constitute an important data source for estimating their policy positions and lobbying success. We examine applications of quantitative text analysis to research these documents in the context of the European Commission’s open consultations. We show a considerable degree of incongruity between this method’s assumptions and the text characteristics of EU position documents. We examine how these incongruities affect the validity of position estimates and conduct an empirical analysis of documents submitted in one consultation on CO2 car emissions. We compare estimates derived on both quantitative and qualitative content analysis and find relatively limited correspondence between the two. These observed differences matter substantively: they result in different findings concerning levels of interest groups’ lobbying success.