bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate Mass Identification of an Interfering Water Adduct and Strategies in Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of MPI8, a Potent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor, in Rat Plasma in Pharmacokinetic Studies
Authors: Wang Yang , Xie Huan , Alugubelli Yugendar R. , Ma Yuying , Xu Shiqing , Ma Jing , Liu Wenshe R. , Liang Dong
Published: May 2022

MPI8, a peptidyl aldehyde, is a potent antiviral agent against coronavirus. Due to unique tri-peptide bonds and the formyl functional group, the bioassay of MPI8 in plasma was challenged by a strong interference from water MPI8. Using QTOF LC-MS/MS, we identified MPI8•H2O as the major interference form that co-existed with MPI8 in aqueous and biological media. To avoid the resolution of MPI8 and MPI8•H2O observed on reverse phase columns, we found that a Kinetex hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column provided co-elution of both MPI8 and MPI8•H2O with a good single chromatographic peak and column retention of MPI8 which is suitable for quantification. Thus, a sensitive, specific, and reproducible LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of MPI8 in rat plasma was developed and validated using a triple QUAD LC-MS/MS. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kinetex HILIC column with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min under gradient elution. The calibration curves were linear (r2 > 0.99) over MPI8 concentrations from 0.5–500 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision are within acceptable guidance levels. The mean matrix effect and recovery were 139% and 73%, respectively. No significant degradation of MPI8 occurred under the experimental conditions. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MPI8 after administration of MPI8 sulfonate in rats.
Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Activity Evaluation and Stabilized Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation of Newly Synthesized Schiff Bases-Based TMP Moieties
Authors: Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas , Zakaria Mohamed Y. , Munir Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Naveed , Elsherif Mervat A , Badr Rasha Emad , Hassan Ahmad Khalaf , Almaaty Ali H. Abu , Zaki Islam
Published: May 2022

A series of novel Schiff bases-based TMP moieties have been designed and synthesized as potential anticancer agents. The target Schiff bases were screened for their cytotoxic activity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Most of the tested molecules revealed good cytotoxic activity, especially compounds 4h, 4j and 5d. Being the most potent, compound 4h showed good tubulin polymerization inhibition activity as revealed by immunofluorescence analysis and ELISA assay. Additionally, compound 4h was screened for cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis induction. Pre-G1 apoptosis and cell growth halt at the G2/M phase were discovered to be caused by it. Moreover, compound 4h induced apoptosis via p53 and Bax activation, as well as reduced the level of Bcl-2. Additionally, the most potent compound 4h was lodged on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). 23 full factorial design was involved to govern the influence of the fabrication variables on the in vitro characters of the casted NLCs. F3 was picked as the optimum formula exhibiting dominant desirability value 0.805, EE% 95.6 ± 2.4, PS 222.4 ±18.7, PDI 0.23 ± 0.05 and ZP −39.2 ± 3.9 Mv. Furthermore, F3 affirmed improved solubility and release over the drug suspension. In the comparative cytotoxic activity, F3 was capable of diminishing the IC50 by around 2.15 times for pure 4h, while nearly close to the IC50 of the reference drug. Thus, NLCs could be a potential platform for boosted antitumor activity.
pH-Sensitive Liposomes for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Daunorubicin in Melanoma (B16-BL6) Cell Lines
Authors: Alrbyawi Hamad , Poudel Ishwor , Annaji Manjusha , Boddu Sai H. S. , Arnold Robert D. , Tiwari Amit K. , Babu R. Jayachandra
Published: May 2022

Daunorubicin (DNR) was delivered using a pH-sensitive liposomal system in B16-BL6 melanoma cell lines for enhanced cytotoxic effects. DNR was encapsulated within liposomes and CL as a component of the lipid bilayer. PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes, containing CL, were prepared in the molar ratio of 40:30:5:17:8 for DOPE/cholesterol/DSPE-mPEG (2000)/CL/SA using the lipid film hydration method and loaded with DNR (drug: lipid ratio of 1:5). The CL liposomes exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%), a small size (~94 nm), narrow size distribution (polydispersity index ~0.16), and a rapid release profile at acidic pH (within 1 h). Furthermore, the CL liposomes exhibited 12.5- and 2.5-fold higher cytotoxicity compared to DNR or liposomes similar to DaunoXome®. This study provides a basis for developing DNR pH-sensitive liposomes for melanoma treatment.
Multifunctional PLA/Gelatin Bionanocomposites for Tailored Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Moya-Lopez Carmen , Juan Alberto , Donizeti Murillo , Valcarcel Jesus , Vazquez José A. , Solano Eduardo , Chapron David , Bourson Patrice , Bravo Ivan , Alonso-Moreno Carlos , Clemente-Casares Pilar , Gracia-Fernández Carlos , Longo Alessandro , Salloum-Abou-Jaoude Georges , Ocaña Alberto , Piñeiro Manuel M. , Hermida-Merino Carolina , Hermida-Merino Daniel
Published: May 2022

A series of bionanocomposites composed of shark gelatin hydrogels and PLA nanoparticles featuring different nanostructures were designed to generate multifunctional drug delivery systems with tailored release rates required for personalized treatment approaches. The global conception of the systems was considered from the desired customization of the drug release while featuring the viscoelastic properties needed for their ease of storage and posterior local administration as well as their biocompatibility and cell growth capability for the successful administration at the biomolecular level. The hydrogel matrix offers the support to develop a direct thermal method to convert the typical kinetic trapped nanostructures afforded by the formulation method whilst avoiding the detrimental nanoparticle agglomeration that diminishes their therapeutic effect. The nanoparticles generated were successfully formulated with two different antitumoral compounds (doxorubicin and dasatinib) possessing different structures to prove the loading versatility of the drug delivery system. The bionanocomposites were characterized by several techniques (SEM, DLS, RAMAN, DSC, SAXS/WAXS and rheology) as well as their reversible sol–gel transition upon thermal treatment that occurs during the drug delivery system preparation and the thermal annealing step. In addition, the local applicability of the drug delivery system was assessed by the so-called “syringe test” to validate both the storage capability and its flow properties at simulated physiological conditions. Finally, the drug release profiles of the doxorubicin from both the PLA nanoparticles or the bionanocomposites were analyzed and correlated to the nanostructure of the drug delivery system.
Chemical vs. Physical Methods to Improve Dermal Drug Delivery: A Case Study with Nanoemulsions and Iontophoresis
Authors: Nikolić Ines , Simić Mitar , Pantelić Ivana , Stojanović Goran , Antić Stanković Jelena , Marković Bojan , Savić Snežana
Published: May 2022

So far, various approaches have been proposed to improve dermal drug delivery. The use of chemical penetration enhancers has a long history of application, while methods based on the electrical current (such as iontophoresis) stand out as promising “active” techniques. Aiming to evaluate the contribution of different approaches to dermal delivery, in this work curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions with and without monoterpenes (eucalyptol or pinene) as chemical penetration enhancers, and a custom-made adhesive dermal delivery system based on iontophoresis were designed and assessed. In an in vivo study applying skin bioengineering techniques, their safety profile was proven. Three examined iontophoresis protocols, with total skin exposure time of 15 min (continuous flow for 15 min (15-0); 3 min of continuous flow and 2 min pause (3-2; 5 cycles) and 5 min of continuous flow and 1 min pause (5-1; 3 cycles) were equally efficient in terms of the total amount of curcumin that penetrated through the superficial skin layers (in vivo tape stripping) (Q3-2 = 7.04 ± 3.21 μg/cm2; Q5-1 = 6.66 ± 2.11 μg/cm2; Q15-0 = 6.96 ± 3.21 μg/cm2), significantly more efficient compared to the referent nanoemulsion and monoterpene-containing nanoemulsions. Further improvement of an efficient mobile adhesive system for iontophoresis would be a practical contribution in the field of dermal drug application.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Busulfan and Its Metabolite Sulfolane in Patients with Myelofibrosis Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Dadkhah Adrin , Wicha Sebastian Georg , Kröger Nicolaus , Müller Alexander , Pfaffendorf Christoph , Riedner Maria , Badbaran Anita , Fehse Boris , Langebrake Claudia
Published: May 2022

For patients with myelofibrosis, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the only curative treatment to date. Busulfan-based conditioning regimens are commonly used, although high inter-individual variability (IIV) in busulfan drug exposure makes individual dose selection challenging. Since data regarding the IIV in patients with myelofibrosis are sparse, this study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of busulfan and its metabolite sulfolane in patients with myelofibrosis. The influence of patient-specific covariates on the pharmacokinetics of drug and metabolite was assessed using non-linear mixed effects modeling in NONMEM®. We obtained 523 plasma concentrations of busulfan and its metabolite sulfolane from 37 patients with myelofibrosis. The final model showed a population clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd) of 0.217 L/h/kg and 0.82 L/kg for busulfan and 0.021 L/h/kg and 0.65 L/kg for its metabolite. Total body weight (TBW) and a single-nucleotide polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase A1 (GSTA1 SNP) displayed a significant impact on volume of distribution and metabolite clearance, respectively. This is the first PopPK-model developed to describe busulfan’s pharmacokinetics in patients with myelofibrosis. Incorporating its metabolite sulfolane into the model not only allowed the characterization of the covariate relationship between GSTA1 and the clearance of the metabolite but also improved the understanding of busulfan’s metabolic pathway.
Mechanical Characterization of Pharmaceutical Powders by Nanoindentation and Correlation with Their Behavior during Grinding
Authors: Baraldi Laura , De Angelis Davide , Bosi Roberto , Pennini Roberto , Bassanetti Irene , Benassi Andrea , Bellazzi Guido Enrico
Published: May 2022

Controlling the size of powder particles is pivotal in the design of many pharmaceutical forms and the related manufacturing processes and plants. One of the most common techniques for particle size reduction in the process industry is powder milling, whose efficiency relates to the mechanical properties of the powder particles themselves. In this work, we first characterize the elastic and plastic responses of different pharmaceutical powders by measuring their Young modulus, the hardness, and the brittleness index via nano-indentation. Subsequently, we analyze the behavior of those powder samples during comminution via jet mill in different process conditions. Finally, the correlation between the single particle mechanical properties and the milling process results is illustrated; the possibility to build a predictive model for powder grindability, based on nano-indentation data, is critically discussed.
Physicochemical and Stability Evaluation of Topical Niosomal Encapsulating Fosinopril/γ-Cyclodextrin Complex for Ocular Delivery
Authors: Hnin Hay Marn , Stefánsson Einar , Loftsson Thorsteinn , Asasutjarit Rathapon , Charnvanich Dusadee , Jansook Phatsawee
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to develop a chemically stable niosomal eye drop containing fosinopril (FOS) for lowering intraocular pressure. The effects of cyclodextrin (CD), surfactant types and membrane stabilizer/charged inducers on physiochemical and chemical properties of niosome were evaluated. The pH value, average particle size, size distribution and zeta potentials were within the acceptable range. All niosomal formulations were shown to be slightly hypertonic with low viscosity. Span® 60/dicetyl phosphate niosomes in the presence and absence of γCD were selected as the optimum formulations according to their high %entrapment efficiency and negative zeta potential values as well as controlled release profile. According to ex vivo permeation study, the obtained lowest flux and apparent permeability coefficient values confirmed that FOS/γCD complex was encapsulated within the inner aqueous core of niosome and could be able to protect FOS from its hydrolytic degradation. The in vitro cytotoxicity revealed that niosome entrapped FOS or FOS/γCD formulations were moderate irritation to the eyes. Furthermore, FOS-loaded niosomal preparations exhibited good physical and chemical stabilities especially of those in the presence of γCD, for at least three months under the storage condition of 2–8 °C.
Enzyme Encapsulation by Facile Self-Assembly Silica-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Glucose Monitoring in Urine
Authors: Luo Zhimin , Chen Guoning , Yang Ke , Wang Lu , Cui Xia , Xu Jiameng , Fu Qiang
Published: May 2022

Silica nanoparticles hold tremendous potential for the encapsulation of enzymes. However, aqueous alcohol solutions and catalysts are prerequisites for the production of silica nanoparticles, which are too harsh for maintaining the enzyme activity. Herein, a procedure without any organic solvents and catalysts (acidic or alkaline) is developed for the synthesis of silica-encapsulated glucose-oxidase-coated magnetic nanoparticles by a facile self-assembly route, avoiding damage of the enzyme structure in the reaction system. The encapsulated enzyme was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. Finally, a colorimetric sensing method was developed for the detection of glucose in urine samples based on the encapsulated glucose oxidase and a hydrogen peroxide test strip. The method exhibited a good linear performance in the concentration range of 20~160 μg mL−1 and good recoveries ranging from 94.3 to 118.0%. This work proves that the self-assembly method could be employed to encapsulate glucose oxidase into silica-coated magnetic particles. The developed colorimetric sensing method shows high sensitivity, which will provide a promising tool for the detection of glucose and the monitoring of diabetes.
Influence of Excipient Composition on Survival of Vaginal Lactobacilli in Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Stojanov Spase , Kristl Julijana , Zupančič Špela , Berlec Aleš
Published: May 2022

The lack of appropriate delivery systems hinders the use of probiotics in the treatment of vaginal infections. Therefore, the development of a new delivery system for the local administration of vaginal probiotics is necessary. In this study, we selected three vaginal lactobacilli, i.e., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii, and incorporated them into nanofibers using electrospinning. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used as a carrier polymer to produce nanofibers. It was supplemented with alginate and sucrose selected from a group of carbohydrates for their growth-promoting effect on lactobacilli. The interaction between excipients and lactobacilli was evaluated thermally and spectroscopically. Bacterial survival in polymer solutions and in nanofibers immediately after electrospinning and after storage varied among species and was dependent on the formulation. Sucrose improved the survival in polymer solutions and preserved the viability of L. crispatus and L. jensenii immediately after electrospinning, and L. gasseri and L. jensenii during storage. Blending PEO with alginate did not improve species viability. However, the three lactobacilli in the nanofibers retained some viability after 56 days, indicating that composite multifunctional nanofibers can maintain the viability of vaginal lactobacilli and can be used as a potential solid delivery system for vaginal administration of probiotics.
Vectors of Thought: François Delaporte, the Cholera of 1832 and the Problem of Error
Authors: Talcott Samuel
Published: May 2022

This paper resists the virality of contemporary paranoia by turning to “French epistemology”, a philosophical ethos that embraces uncertainty and complexity by registering the transformative impact of scientific knowledge on thought. Despite its popular uses describing phenomena of communication today, the idea of virality comes from biomedicine. This paper, therefore, investigates the extent to which an epidemiological concept of viral transmission—the disease vector—can comprehend and encourage new possibilities of thought beyond paranoia. Briefly, I attempt to analyze thought as a vector. I pursue this by examining Delaporte’s important, but neglected, study of the 1832 Parisian cholera epidemic. First elucidating his reconstruction of the ways tentative epistemological progress intertwined with and supported projects of working-class and colonial control. My vectorial analysis then considers how his argument infects contemporary readers with doubts that undo the bases of paranoia. I pursue this analysis further via a methodological examination of Delaporte’s study as both carrier of predecessors’ methods and host in which they alter, becoming newly infectious. I conclude by reflecting on this formulation of thought as disease vector and what Delaporte’s singular treatment of the problem of error reveals about an ethos committed to registering the impact of knowledge on thought.
Spectral Characteristics Analysis of a Novel Optical Comb Filter Based on a Single-Core 2D Chirped Optical Fiber Grating
Authors: Che Zonglun , Wang Jun , Xu Pan , Cao Chunyan , Ma Lina , Zhu Jing
Published: May 2022

Resonator structures with a multiwavelength filter are critical devices for the fabrication of stable output multiwavelength fiber lasers. In this study, we propose a spatially separated multiwavelength filter based on a 2D chirped fiber grating. The resonant fields of lasers with different wavelengths are spatially separated, reducing cross-gain modulation. In addition, the structure of the 2D chirped fiber grating is analyzed, and the spectral output characteristics of the device are investigated for different grating parameters, which provides theoretical guidance for designing such a novel optical comb filter. Furthermore, by fabricating the 2D chirped fiber grating onto a single-mode fiber, a multiwavelength filter with 17 wavelengths, a frequency interval of approximately 88 GHz, and a grating length of 4.8 cm is created. This device is characterized by its compact structure and simple fabrication method.
Different Concentrations of Potassium Silicate in Nutrient Solution Affects Selected Growth Characteristics and Mineral Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Mavrič Čermelj Anja , Fideršek Eva , Golob Aleksandra , Kacjan Maršić Nina , Vogel Mikuš Katarina , Germ Mateja
Published: May 2022

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the physiological and growth characteristics and elemental composition of barley plants. Hydroponically grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) var. Wilma was exposed to four different levels of Si in the form of K2SiO3 at concentrations of 0 (Si0), 0.5 (Si0.5), 1 (Si1) or 1.5 (Si1.5) mM Si. Plants were analyzed for root length, number of dry leaves, number of trichomes, electron transport system activity in mitochondria (ETS), leaf pigment content and elemental composition of roots and leaves. Treatment with Si0.5 significantly increased the concentration of total chlorophylls, root length and ETS activity in barley. Plants with no Si added to the nutrient solution had significantly more dry leaves than plants from all Si-treated groups. Necrosis was observed in Si0 plants, while leaf damage was not visible in treated plants. According to the results of the study, we evidenced that plants were stressed due to Si deficiency. The addition of K2SiO3 significantly affected the concentration of Si, K, Ca, Cl, S, Mn, Fe and Zn in roots and leaves of barley. In barley treated with Si0.5, plants showed the best performance in terms of their physiological characteristics and growth.
Root Breeding in the Post-Genomics Era: From Concept to Practice in Apple
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Zhang Lei , Shu Jing , Wang Mengyu , Li Han , Shu Huairui , Wang Xiaoyun , Sun Qinghua , Zhang Shizhong
Published: May 2022

The development of rootstocks with a high-quality dwarf-type root system is a popular research topic in the apple industry. However, the precise breeding of rootstocks is still challenging, mainly because the root system is buried deep underground, roots have a complex life cycle, and research on root architecture has progressed slowly. This paper describes ideas for the precise breeding and domestication of wild apple resources and the application of key genes. The primary goal of this research is to combine the existing rootstock resources with molecular breeding and summarize the methods of precision breeding. Here, we reviewed the existing rootstock germplasm, high-quality genome, and genetic resources available to explain how wild resources might be used in modern breeding. In particular, we proposed the ‘from genotype to phenotype’ theory and summarized the difficulties in future breeding processes. Lastly, the genetics governing root diversity and associated regulatory mechanisms were elaborated on to optimize the precise breeding of rootstocks.
Genetic Mapping to Detect Stringent QTLs Using 1k-RiCA SNP Genotyping Platform from the New Landrace Associated with Salt Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in Rice
Authors: Maniruzzaman Sheikh , Rahman Mohammad Akhlasur , Hasan Mehfuz , Rasul Mohammad Golam , Molla Abul Hossain , Khatun Hasina , Akter Salma
Published: May 2022

Rice is the world’s most important food crop, providing the daily calorie intake for more than half of the world’s population. Rice breeding has always been preoccupied with maximizing yield potential. However, numerous abiotic factors, such as salt, cold, drought, and heat, significantly reduce rice productivity. Salinity, one of the major abiotic stresses, reduces rice yield worldwide. This study was conducted to determine new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate salt tolerance in rice seedlings. One F2:3 mapping population was derived from a cross between BRRI dhan49 (a popular but sensitive rainfed rice variety) and Akundi (a salt-tolerant rice landrace in Bangladesh used as a donor parent). The 1k-Rice Custom Amplicon (1k-RiCA) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to genotype this mapping population. After removing segregation distortion and monomorphic markers, 884 SNPs generated a 1526.8 cM-long genetic linkage map with a mean marker density of 1.7 cM for the 12 linkage groups. By exploiting QGene and ICIM-ADD, a sum of 15 QTLs for nine traits was identified in salt stress on seven chromosomes. Four important genomic loci were identified (qSES1, qSL1, qSUR1 and qRL1) on chromosome 1. Out of these 15 QTLs, 14 QTLs are unique, as no other study has mapped in the same chromosomal location. We also detected 15 putative candidate genes and their functions. The ICIM-EPI approach identified 43 significant pairwise epistasis interactions between regions associated with and unassociated with QTLs. Apart from more well-known donors, Akundi serves as an important new donor source for global salt tolerance breeding initiatives, including Bangladesh. The introgression of the novel QTLs identified in this study will accelerate the development of new salt-tolerant varieties that are highly resistant to salt stress using marker-enabled breeding.
Elemental Composition of Commercial Herbal Tea Plants and Respective Infusions
Authors: Fernandes Jaime , Reboredo Fernando H. , Luis Inês , Silva Maria Manuela , Simões Maria M. , Lidon Fernando C. , Ramalho José C.
Published: May 2022

This study evaluated the elemental composition of 25 herbal tea plants commonly used in infusions by Portuguese consumers and the contribution to the elemental daily intake of some essential elements. Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), Matricaria chamomilla (L.), and Melissa officinalis (L.) samples are a rich source of K with around 6.0 mg g−1 while the Asteraceae Silybum marianum (L.) and Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) exhibited 4.9 and 5.6 mg g−1 Ca, respectively. The highest concentrations of S and Zn were noted in Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), while the highest concentration of Sr was found in Cassia angustifolia (Vahl.). In general, a large variability in the concentrations among different families and plant organs had been observed, except Cu with levels around 30 μg g−1. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed positive correlations between Zn and S and Sr and Ca, also revealing that Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.), Echinacea angustifolia (DC.), Silybum marianum (L.), and Cassia angustifolia (Vahl.) samples, stands out about all other samples regarding the enrichment of macro and micronutrients. The elemental solubility of macronutrients in the infusion is greater than the micronutrient solubility, despite the contribution to the recommended daily intake was weak. As a whole, Cynara scolymus (L.) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (L.) are the species with the best elemental solubilities, followed by Hydrocotyle asiatica (L.). No harmful elements, such as As and Pb, were observed in both the raw material and the infusions.
The Integrative Effects of Biochar and ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhancing Rice Productivity and Water Use Efficiency under Irrigation Deficit Conditions
Authors: Elshayb Omnia M. , Nada Abdelwahed M. , Sadek Ahmed H. , Ismail Sameh H. , Shami Ashwag , Alharbi Basmah M. , Alhammad Bushra Ahmed , Seleiman Mahmoud F.
Published: May 2022

Water stress is considered one of the most environmental hazards that threaten agricultural productivity. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of biochar (6 t ha−1 as soil amendment), ZnO NPs (50 mg L−1 as foliar application), and their combination on growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of rice grown under four irrigation deficit treatments (i.e., irrigation every 3, 6, 9 and 12 d). The irrigation every 3 d was considered as the control in the current study. For this purpose, biochar was prepared through the pyrolysis of corn stalk and rice husk at 350 °C for 3 h, while sonochemical combined with the precipitation method was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from zinc acetate. The morphological structures of the produced biochar and ZnO NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 gas adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results exhibited that the combination of biochar alongside ZnO NPs resulted in a positive significant effect on the physiological traits such as chlorophyll content, relative water content, plant height, and leaf area index as well as yield-associated components (i.e., number of panicles m−2, number of filled grain per panicle, 1000-grain weight), and biological and grain yield ha−1 when rice plants were irrigated every 9 days without a significant difference with those obtained from the control treatment (irrigation every 3 d). In conclusion, the combination of biochar and ZnO NPs could be recommended as an optimal approach to maximize both grain yield ha−1 and WUE of rice.
Biorecovery of Agricultural Soil Impacted by Waste Motor Oil with Phaseolus vulgaris and Xanthobacter autotrophicus
Authors: Martínez Blanca Celeste Saucedo , Benavides Liliana Márquez , Santoyo Gustavo , Sánchez-Yáñez Juan Manuel
Published: May 2022

Agricultural soil contamination by waste motor oil (WMO) is a worldwide environmental problem. The phytotoxicity of WMO hydrocarbons limits agricultural production; therefore, Mexican standard NOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012 (NOM-138) establishes a maximum permissible limit of 4400 ppm for hydrocarbons in soil. The objectives of this study are to (a) biostimulate, (b) bioaugment, and (c) phytoremediate soil impacted by 60,000 ppm of WMO, to decrease it to a concentration lower than the maximum allowed by NOM-138. Soil contaminated with WMO was biostimulated, bioaugmented, and phytoremediated, and the response variables were WMO concentration, germination, phenology, and biomass of Phaseolus vulgaris. The experimental data were validated by Tukey HSD ANOVA. The maximum decrease in WMO was recorded in the soil biostimulated, bioaugmented, and phytoremediated by P. vulgaris from 60,000 ppm to 190 ppm, which was considerably lower than the maximum allowable limit of 4400 ppm of NOM-138 after five months. Biostimulation of WMO-impacted soil by detergent, mineral solution and bioaugmentation with Xanthobacter autotrophicus accelerated the reduction in WMO concentration, which allowed phytoremediation with P. vulgaris to oxidize aromatic hydrocarbons and recover WMO-impacted agricultural soil faster than other bioremediation strategies.
Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 as a Biocontrol Agent against Fungal Soil-Borne Pathogens of Fennel Plants
Authors: Carlucci Antonia , Raimondo Maria Luisa , Colucci Donato , Lops Francesco
Published: May 2022

Fennel crop is a horticultural plant susceptible to several soil-borne fungal pathogens responsible for yield losses. The control of fungal diseases occurring on fennel crops is very difficult with conventional and/or integrated means; although several chemical fungicides are able to contain specific fungal diseases, they are not registered for fennel crops. The intensive use of some fungicides causes public concern over the environment and human health. The main aims of this study were to assess the ability of a strain of Streptomyces albidoflavus CARA17 to inhibit the growth of fungal soil-borne pathogens, and to protect fennel plants against severe fungal soil-borne pathogens such as Athelia rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Plectosphaerella ramiseptata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Verticillium dahliae. This study confirmed that the CARA17 strain has been able to inhibit the mycelium growth of pathogens in vitro conditions with significant inhibition degrees, where S. sclerotiorum resulted in being the most controlled. The strain CARA17 was also able to significantly protect the fennel seedlings against fungal soil-borne pathogens used in vivo conditions, where the treatment with an antagonist strain by dipping resulted in being more effective at limiting the disease severity of each fungal soil-borne pathogen. Moreover, any treatment with the CARA17 strain, carried out by dipping or after transplanting, produced benefits for the biomass of fennel seedlings, showing significant effects as a promoter of plant growth. Finally, the results obtained showed that CARA17 is a valid strain as a biocontrol agent (BCA) against relevant fungal soil-borne pathogens, although further studies are recommended to confirm these preliminary results. Finally, this study allowed for first time worldwide the association of Plectosphaerella ramiseptata with fennel plants as a severe pathogen.
Promising La2O3 Nanocatalysts for Low-Temperature Oxidative Coupling of Methane Reaction: A Short Review
Authors: ENGİNTEPE Emel , AKIN Ayşe Nilgün
Published: May 2022

This paper reviews the recent literature on La2O3 catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), which aims at ethylene production. The following subjects are discussed: (a) the main properties affecting the reaction mechanism such as oxygen vacancy, acid-base property, temperature, and morphology (b) prospects of nano-scale catalysts to improve the performance of the OCM process (c) the contribution of La2O3 nanocatalysts to the formation of ethane and ethylene (C2 hydrocarbon) during the oxidative coupling of methane.
The Effects of Design Parameters on The UNICORE Type Transformer Inrush Current
Authors: ŞENGÜL KARAARSLAN Mehlika , ALBOYACI Bora , ÇINAR Mehmet Aytaç , TEKDEMİR İbrahim Gürsu
Published: May 2022

In this study, it is aimed to fill the information gap about the effects of designed parameters in UNICORE type transformers inrush current. Considered prameters are the flux density, the core construction and the lamination thickness of the transformers. In this context, the UNICORE transformer was compared with the conventional wound core (CWC) transformer by using three-dimensional finite-element configuration. In order to get real system response, the study was carried out experimentally. Analyzing the test results, the effects of the core material and design parameters on the magnitude, duration and harmonic content of inrush current on these types of transformers were detected. Tests were performed by using a programmable power source and analyzed data sets were recorded by scopemeter.
O pulmão e as emoções: quantificação de qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão em portadores de asma e DPOC
Authors: Jardim Neto José Celso , Carvalho Noelly Mayra Silva de , Carvalho Rafaela Alves , Souza Túlio Castro de , Cunha Ângelo Geraldo José
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a avaliação da ansiedade, da depressão e da qualidade de vida tem se tornado importante, no contexto científico atual, e ferramenta fundamental para o adequado manejo de pacientes com diversas doenças crônicas, dentre elas, a asma e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), cujos subprodutos da inflamação pulmonar, como as neurocininas e a substância P, estão diretamente relacionados à fisiopatologia dos transtornos emocionais, por ação direta no sistema nervoso central. Objetivos: testar a hipótese de que portadores de asma e de DPOC apresentam piores escores de ansiedade, de depressão e de qualidade de vida, em relação a um grupo controle. Métodos: trata-se de estudo observacional, transversal, em que escores de ansiedade, de depressão e de qualidade de vida foram comparados entre uma amostra de 30 indivíduos adultos portadores de asma persistente e controlada, 30 indivíduos adultos portadores de DPOC (enfisema pulmonar e/ou bronquite crônica) e um grupo de 30 controles. Qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão foram quantificadas por intermédio dos Inventários WHOQOL (World Health Organization Quality of Life) da Organização Mundial de Saúde, do Inventário de Ansiedade – Traço de Spielberger (IDATE) e da Escala de Depressão de Hamilton, respectivamente. Para dados paramétricos, a diferença entre as médias dos grupos foi inicialmente testada mediante análise de variância (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste t de Student quando a ANOVA se mostrou significativa. Para comparação de dados não paramétricos, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado. Para testar a maior prevalência de ansiedade moderada e grave nos grupos Asma e DPOC utilizou-se o Odds-Ratio. As correlações, entre qualidade de vida e ansiedade/depressão, foram avaliadas por meio da correlação de Pearson (r). Resultados: os grupos asma e DPOC apresentaram médias inferiores em todos os domínios da qualidade de vida, bem como maiores escores de ansiedade e de depressão. Também houve maior prevalência de ansiedade e de depressão moderada/intensa, bem como correlação significativa e inversa entre o escore total de qualidade de vida e os escores de ansiedade/depressão tanto no grupo asma, quanto no grupo DPOC. Conclusões: pacientes portadores de asma e de DPOC possuem piores indicadores de ansiedade, de depressão e de qualidade de vida, mesmo estando os sintomas sob controle clínico, sugerindo que o processo inflamatório pulmonar de ambas patologias pode estar relacionado à fisiopatologia do comprometimento emocional.
Comparison of the effects of doxycycline and povidone iodine in treatment of pleural effusion; an open label randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hemmati Hamid Reza , Hadjizadeh Armin , Malek Farhad , Ghorbani Raheb , Zahmatkesh Mehrdad , Soltani Setareh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Doxycycline is commonly used in treating pleural effusion. Povidone-iodine is another agent that has been used for treating pleural effusion. Objectives: We aimed to compare the effects of doxycycline and povidone iodine in treating pleural effusion. Patients and Methods: Forty-one patients with pleural effusion were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. After insertion of the chest tube, pleurodesis was performed in the first group with povidone iodine and doxycycline in the second group. The chest tube clamped and opened one hour later. Then, connected to the suction through a double chest bottle. By decreasing of drainage to less than 50 cc per day, the chest tube was removed and the patients were evaluated three days later for pain, fever, empyema, recurrent effusion and long-term side effects at 7th, 30th, 60th and 90th day. Results: The pain intensity was not different between two groups (P > 0.05). None of the patients had empyema and other side effects including hemothorax or pneumothorax were not seen too. In a 90-day follow-up, 47.6% of doxycycline recipients and 25% of povidone iodine recipients experienced the recurrent effusion (P=0.133). Three patients had fever (one on the first day and two on the second day) in the doxycycline group, while fever was not observed in povidone iodine recipients. The cost of treatment in both groups was almost the same. Conclusion: Side effects of pleurodesis include pain, fever, recurrent effusion, cost in the two groups is almost equal, and both agents can be used as an effective drug for treating pleural effusion. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT2015052918168N3; https://en.irct.ir/trial/16560, ethical code; IR.SEMUMS.REC.1394.91).
Expression of S100 and CD34 markers can predict post-varicocelectomy success; a quasi-experimental trial
Authors: Valizadeh Rohollah , Farshid Saman , Abbasi Eslamloo Ata , Abyar Behzad
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Varicocele is a dilatation of the pampiniform venous plexus and the internal spermatic vein. Varicocele is the most modifiable common cause of infertility in men with a general prevalence ranging from 15% to 45%. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the expression of S100 and CD34 markers in the spermatic vein in patients undergoing. Patients and Methods: This quasi-experimental (before-after) study was performed on 30 patients undergoing varicocelectomy surgery referred to a tertiary care medical center in Urmia. The expression of S100 and CD34 markers in spermatic veins were examined after surgery. According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), we arranged the data of semen analysis to normal and abnormal. Data collecting forms were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 18 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 27.66 ± 6.94 years. Regarding the S100 factor, 48.3% of patients were positive and 51.7% were negative. Regarding CD34 factor, 79.3% of patients were positive and 20.7% were negative. There was no significant correlation between count, morphology, and motility variables before and after varicocele surgery with expression of the S100 and CD34 markers in spermatic vein wall. There was a statistical relationship between S100 and motility before surgery showing the high normal motility in patients who have S100. Regarding improvement, two patients (6.9%) in count, one patient (3.49%) in motility, five patients (17.2%) in morphology, seven patients (24.1%) in count and motility, four patients (13.8%) in count and morphology, five patients (17.2%) in motility and morphology and two patients (6.9%) in all factors had improvement. Conclusion: In this study we found, varicocelectomy leads to improvement in count, morphology, and motility variables. In high grade varicocele, S100 and CD34 markers are damaged. According to the WHO definition, varicocelectomy can increase the value of count, motility and morphology parameters. It is recommended that a large randomized control trial and cohort study be conducted on S100 and CD34 markers to understand the relation between spermatic vein structural changes and semen analysis disorders. Trial Registration: The trial was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20180625040232N1, https://en.irct.ir/trial/32142).
Potential factors related to post-COVID-19 persistent symptoms; Khorshid COVID cohort study
Authors: Sami Ramin , Khani Khoozani Zahra , Mansourian Marjan , Naderi Zohre , Karami Mehdi , Nickpour Mina , Toghyani Arash , Gharavinia Ali , Hosseini Nastaran Sadat , Dehghan Mehrnegar , Babahajiani Midia , Shokri-Mashhadi Nafiseh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Recently, a high percentage of post-discharge patients have reported persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery. However, there is limited comprehensive information regarding nature’s symptoms and association with potential factors. Objectives: We aimed to assess the inpatients’ characteristics and the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms at admission and four weeks after recovery to recognize the potential factors related to the persistent symptoms. Patients and Methods: We assessed the medical information of 262 severe and 546 non-severe COVID-19 inpatients at admission, and during the first and four weeks after post-discharge from the Khorshid COVID Cohort (KCC) study. Results: Cough, dyspnea, and fatigue were the most reported symptoms at admission, and continuously were declined over the time (all P<0.01). However, the complaint of weight loss was increased during follow-up (P=0.01). Older age (P<0.0001), male gender (P=0.02), administration of hydroxychloroquine (P=0.017), and the interval time from illness onset to visit hospital (P<0.0001) augmented the remaining respiratory symptoms risk. Additionally, more length of hospital stay correlated to the lower risk of persistent constitutional symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study points out the greater rehabilitation needs and management of persistent symptoms, in particular cough, dyspnea, fatigue and weight loss, and their related factors.
Correlation of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity (SLEDAI) with serum level of albumin in lupus patients
Authors: Zeraati Abbas Ali , Shariati Zhaleh , Masinaee Maryam , Azarfar Anoush , Samadi Katayoon , Moradi Elmira , Zeraati Tina , Zeraati Dorsa
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common type of rheumatologic disease. Currently there is no universally accepted "gold standard" to measure disease activity. An inexpensive and clinically reliable serological marker for disease activity would therefore be useful to guide treatment and gauge responses to treatment; however, such a marker remains elusive. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) with serum level of albumin in lupus patients. Patients and Methods: The SLEDAI criteria were obtained by reviewing clinical records and Serum albumin, dsDNA, C3 and C4 were measured in lupus patients, and also demographic data including the patients’ age, and duration of disease were also collected. Results: In this study, 60 patients (54 females and 6 males) age 31.10 ±6.63 years were enrolled. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum albumin and SLEDAI (P=0.001, r=-0.42), however, no significant correlation was found between serum albumin with anti-dsDNA (P=0.73, r=0.04), C3 (P=0.33, r=0.14) and C4 (P=0.74, r=-0.05). There was also a direct significant relationship between SLEDAI with anti-dsDNA (P=0.02, r= 0.31) and inverse correlations with C3 (P=0.007, r=-0.40) and C4 level (P=0.02, r=-0.31). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum albumin is the most important factor in predicting SLEDAI among other factors including anti-dsDNA, C3 and C4 (β=0.64, P=0.001). SLEDAI was higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with hypoalbuminemia compared to SLE patients without hypoalbuminemia (P=0.003). Conclusion: We found a significant negative relationship between serum albumin and SLEDAI, and also the fact that SLEDAI was significantly higher in SLE patients with hypoalbuminemia than in those without hypoalbuminemia.
Effect of low dose pamidronate in the treatment of thalassemia-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Noroozi Mehran , Ghazizadeh Farid , Gitifar Sima
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Thalassemia is the most common genetic defect, globally affecting about 200 million individuals. Increased longevity in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients is accompanied by complications such as osteopenia, osteoporosis and skeletal disabilities. In this regard, increased bone reabsorption in beta-thalassemia has led to the administration of bisphosphonates for these patients. Objectives: Although there is growing consensus on the effectiveness of pamidronate in thalassemia osteoporosis, the findings about the dosage and duration of pamidronate are inconsistent. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the impact of low-dose pamidronate on the bone mineral density (BMD) of major beta-thalassemia patients. Patients and Methods: In this study, the participants encompassed 20 transfusion-dependent major thalassemia patients with Z-score< -2.5 in bone mineral densitometry. Bone density was determined in the lumbar vertebras and hip by using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Pamidronate was administered intravenously in monthly dosage of 1 mg/kg over six months. Results: According to the findings, the participants’ mean age was 16.55±3.15 years (Range: 10-25 years). The baseline mean of Z-score for lumbar vertebras was -2.92±1.14 and reached -1.95±1.2 after six months (P<0.001). Moreover, the baseline mean of Z-score for the hip region was -2.00 (0.65) and reached -1.55 (0.77). Conclusion: The dosages of 1 mg/kg over six months had a statistically significant effect on bone density and improved Z-scores of lumbar vertebrae and hip bone density by 45% and 20%, respectively.
A randomized clinical trial study on the efficacy and safety of adalimumab and methylprednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Yazdani Omid , Hamidi Farahani Ramin , Mosaed Reza , Nezami Asl Amir , Hazrati Ebrahim
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Adalimumab reduces the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor at the cell surface, therefore it is thought to be effective in treating patients with COVID-19. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of adalimumab and pulsed corticosteroids in treating patients with severe acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Patients and Methods: The present double-blind clinical trial study was carried out on patients with COVID-19 referred to Imam Reza hospital, Tehran. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (patients under standard treatment according to the national protocol of Iran + methylprednisolone + adalimumab) and control (patients under standard treatment according to the national protocol of Iran + methylprednisolone). Results: The patients’ hospitalization information shows that the duration of patients’ hospitalization in the intervention group was significantly shorter than their counterparts in the control group (P=0.041). Serum levels of total bilirubin on the ninth day (P=0.043) and GCS (Glasgow coma scale) on the ninth day (P=0.041) and tenth (P=0.039) in the adalimumab group were significantly increased compared to the control group. However, the direct bilirubin value on the eighth day (P=0.031), serum creatinine on the 8th (P=0.047), 9th (P=0.047) and 10th (P=0.047) days and also PEEF (pericarditis/pericardial effusion) on the tenth day were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group. Conclusion: The administration of adalimumab significantly increases the GCS of COVID-19 patients and reduces the length of hospital stay. Trial Registration: This study is designed as a double-blind clinical trial (identifier: IRCT20200406046963N2, https://www.irct.ir/trial/55011), and has been approved by the ethics committee in biomedical research of AJA University of Medical Sciences (#IR.AJAUMS.REC.1400.032).