bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular structure of poplar lignin obtained by p-Toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH) and formic acid delignification
Authors: Wang Songlin , Song Zongjia , He Hui , Wang Qian
Published: June 2021

Poplar wood sawdust was chemically modified and separated into fractions using a mixture of p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH) and formic acid under different conditions. The optimum conditions of poplar lignin separation were determined by single-factor experiment. The mixed acid lignin (MAL) and the solid residues were subjected to comprehensive structural characterization by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). At the mass ratio of 5:1 of p-TsOH and formic acid, temperature of 80 °C, acid concentration of 75%, and reaction time of 20 min, more than 80% of lignin was removed, and almost all of the cellulose was retained in the solid residue. The results indicated that the p-TsOH/formic acid achieved rapid and nearly-complete dissolution of wood lignin below the water boiling temperature by enhancing the cleavage of interunitary bonds in lignin (β-O-4′ bond) and the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid structure in the lignin.
DESCRIPTION AND FACTORS RELATED OF RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN COMMUNITY SETTING
Authors: Fadhilah Marita , Prazasta Raka
Published: June 2021

Background: Currently, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of degenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries, including Indonesia. Increasing prevalence of COPD in Indonesia straightly correlates with increasing of tobacco smoking and air pollution level. Many studies had conducted to decrease COPD morbidity and mortality. Prevention is the best way to reduce the incidence of COPD. This study aimed to identify risk assessment of COPD in the community around Research, Teaching, and Clinical Unit (RTCU) Buaran, South Tangerang.Methods: This study was cross sectional design and involved 134 respondents (41 males and 93 females) who live around RTCU Buaran, using two stages cluster sampling. During April to June 2015, respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire that adapted from COPD Risk Screener that contains five questions.Results: The study showed that the risk assessment of COPD of community around RTCU Buaran was 5.2% at high risk and 94.8% at low risk respectively. Using Fisher's Exact Test, there was signicant correlation between the risk assessment of COPD and respondents' age, gender, the early symptoms of COPD, and tobacco smoking (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study showed the risk assessment of COPD of community around RTCU Buaran was dominantly at low risk (94.8%), it seemed due to females' respondents more dominant than males'. Factors that significantly related to risk of COPD were age, gender, the early symptoms of COPD, and tobacco smoking.
Green Nail Syndrome, A Rare Infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in The Nail
Authors: Suwarsono Erike A.
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA nail infection is a common case caused by fungal infection, thus can make any bacterial correlated infection in the nail can be under-diagnosed. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause nail infection known as green nail syndrome (chromonychia). Method  A 3 years old girl presented with greenish discoloration on the nail plate of the right toenail since previous a month. She came from well-educated family, but the water resource at their home was not good enough. The specimen of nail scraping was sent to the microbiology laboratory. The Gram from nail scraping didn’t show any significant result. After 24 hours, a greenish colony, non-lactose fermenter on the Mac Conkey and a dominant blue-green color colony on the blood sheep agar had grown.  The colonies are beta hemolytic, flat and spreading. They were also positive to oxidase and catalase. Result The Gram result from the colony was showed as basil negative Gram. Identification from Vitex 2® concluded as Pseudomonas aeruginosa that resistant to all penicillin derivate and 2nd generation of cephalosporin. However the isolate was still sensitive to ceftazidime, carbapenems, quinolones and amino-glycosides. The treatment was decided using topical fluoroquinolone nadifloxacin, and gave a significant result in a month Conclusion Green nail syndrome that is caused by P. aeruginosa infection could be treated by topical fluoroquinolone for 1-2 months
Assisted Reproductive Techniques, ADHD, and School Performance
Authors: Wang Chen , Johansson Anna L.V. , Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A. , Almqvist Catarina , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Oberg A. Sara
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES

To examine the long-term impact of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) on offspring neurodevelopment, accounting for parental factors and the role of infertility.

METHODS

Linkage of national registers allowed follow-up of >2.4 million children born in Sweden 1986–2012. Information on ART was retrieved from fertility clinics, medical records, and maternal self-report. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was identified from specialist diagnosis and/or use of medication through 2018. School performance was assessed from records of ninth year final grade averages (0–20) and eligibility for upper secondary school through 2017.

RESULTS

Children conceived with ART had lower risk of ADHD (hazard ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80 to 0.87) and did better in school (grade mean difference 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.21 and eligibility odds ratio 1.53; 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.63) compared with all other children. Differences in parental characteristics explained and even reversed associations, whereas no disadvantage was seen when the comparison was restricted to children of couples with known infertility (adjusted hazard ratio 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00, adjusted mean difference 0.05; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.11, and adjusted odds ratio 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.10). Among children conceived with ART, there was furthermore no indication that intracytoplasmic sperm injection (compared with standard in vitro fertilization) or frozen (compared with fresh) embryo transfer had any adverse influence.

CONCLUSIONS

With this nationwide, long-term follow-up, we provide additional reassurance concerning offspring neurodevelopment after use of ART, finding no indication for concern about risk of ADHD or school performance in adolescence.
Realization of homotopy classes of torus homeomorphisms by the simplest structurally stable diffeomorphisms
Authors: Morozov Andrei I.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. According to Thurston’s classification, the set of homotopy classes of orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of orientable surfaces is split into four disjoint subsets. A homotopy class from each subset is characterized by the existence of a homeomorphism called Thurston’s canonical form, namely: a periodic homeomorphism, a reducible nonperiodic homeomorphism of algebraically finite order, a reducible homeomorphism that is not a homeomorphism of an algebraically finite order, and a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism. Thurston’s canonical forms are not structurally stable diffeomorphisms. Therefore, the problem naturally arises of constructing the simplest (in a certain sense) structurally stable diffeomorphisms in each homotopy class. In this paper, the problem posed is solved for torus homeomorphisms. In each homotopy class, structurally stable representatives are analytically constructed, namely, a gradient-like diffeomorphism, a Morse-Smale diffeomorphism with an orientable heteroclinic, and an Anosov diffeomorphism, which is a particular case of a pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphism.
Load balancing method for heterogeneous CFD algorithms
Authors: Soukov Sergey A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The problem of load balancing for unstructured heterogeneous numerical algorithms for simulation of physical processes is considered. A computational distribution method for hybrid supercomputers with multicore CPUs and massively parallel accelerators is described. The load balancing procedure includes determination of dual graph vertices and edges weights, devices’ performance test and two-level decomposition of the computational mesh based on domain decomposition method. First level decomposition involves the graph partitioning between supercomputer nodes. On the second level node subdomains are partitioned between the MPI- processes running on the nodes. The details of the proposed approach are considered on the example of an unstructured finite-volume algorithm for modeling the Navier-Stokes equations with polynomial reconstruction of variables and explicit time integration scheme. The parallel version of the algorithm is developed using the MPI, OpenMP and CUDA programming models. The parameters of performance, parallel efficiency and scalability of the heterogeneous program are given. The results mentioned are obtained during the simulation of a supersonic flow around a sphere on a mixed mesh consisting of tetrahedrons, triangular prisms, quadrangular pyramids and hexagons.
Factores psicosociales del personal de una organización educativa y su relación con desgaste psíquico
Authors: Anaya-Velasco Ana , Luna Chávez Estibalis Anaís , Saldaña Orozco Claudia , Carrión-García M. Ángeles
Published: June 2021

Objetivo. Evaluar los factores psicosociales percibidos por los trabajadores en una organización pública de educación superior y su relación con el desgaste psíquico. Método. La investigación fue transversal,  participaron 292 trabajadores y se utilizó una batería que evalúa las dimensiones: Contexto de Trabajo, Contenido de Trabajo y Factores Individuales, como variables independientes y Desgaste Psíquico como  variable dependiente. Resultados. La percepción de los participantes resultó favorable en más del 80%. Las  dimensiones psicosociales indicaron una correlación media, positiva y estadísticamente significativa con el Desgaste Psíquico, consistente con los análisis Odds Ratio. Factores Individuales fue la dimensión de mayor influencia acorde con el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, seguida de Contenido de Trabajo.
Concepções de Ciências de professoras que atuam na Educação Infantil
Authors: Bourscheid Rosanara , Scherer Wenzel Judite
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo contempla um estudo sobre algumas concepções que foram indiciadas por sete professoras que atuam na Educação Infantil ao responderem um questionário com uma questão aberta que se referia sobre como elas percebem o ensino de Ciências na Educação Infantil. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2006) que possibilitou uma impregnação com o texto e, utilizamos categorias a priori já apontadas na literatura sendo elas: Instituição, Conhecimento e Método. Foi possível indiciar com mais ênfase uma compreensão de Ciência como Método, seguida pela do Conhecimento e, a que teve menos indícios foi a de Instituição. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de um contínuo processo de formação continuada para ampliar e qualificar as compreensões sobre o que é Ciências para assim qualificar o seu ensino e a prática pedagógica.
A subvenção de escolas públicas em São Leopoldo/RS nas primeiras décadas do século XX
Authors: Souza José Edimar  de
Published: June 2021

Objetivo do trabalho é identificar instituições escolares de ensino primário público[i] que foram subvencionadas nas localidades do município de São Leopoldo/RS, especialmente, em Novo Hamburgo. Os documentos analisados procedem de fundos da instrução pública localizados em diferentes arquivos: Arquivo Público do Rio Grande do Sul, Arquivo do Museu Histórico Visconde de São Leopoldo, entre outros. Sob a perspectiva da História Cultural a investigação valeu-se da análise documental histórica, buscou construir aspectos do processo de escolarização neste município e nas localidades que compreendiam sua vasta extensão territorial entre a segunda metade do século XIX e o primeiro quartel do século XX.  A escolarização pública neste espaço recebeu estímulo da experiência escolar que foram trazidas pelos imigrantes europeus e a forma de organização comunitária destes grupos sociais contribui para abertura de aulas, mesmo que de forma subvencionada em diferentes localidades.

 

[i] Este trabalho consiste em um primeiro movimento de organização documental já compulsada em outros estudos e desdobrada no Projeto de investigação financiado pela FAPERGS título “XXXXXXXXXXXX e processo número XXXXXXXX”.
Non-woven shape-memory polymer blend actuators
Authors: Izraylit Victor , Heuchel Matthias , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas
Published: June 2021

The hierarchical design approach provides various opportunities to adjust the structural performance of polymer materials. Electrospinning processing techniques give access to molecular orientation as a design parameter, which we consider here in view of the shape-memory actuation performance. The aim of this work is to investigate how the reversible strain $$\varepsilon^{\prime}_{{{\text{rev}}}}$$

ε
rev
′

can be affected by a morphology change from a bulk material to an electrospun mesh. $$\varepsilon^{\prime}_{{{\text{rev}}}}$$

ε
rev
′

could be increased from 5.5 ± 0.5% to 15 ± 1.8% for a blend from a multiblock copolymer with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) segments with oligo(D-lactide) (ODLA). This study demonstrates an effective design approach for enhancing soft actuator performance, which can be broadly applied in soft robotics and medicine.

Graphic abstract
Teatro, poética y oratoria sagrada: la fiesta como tablero de ajedrez entre jesuitas y dominicos (Manila, s. XVII)
Authors: Azanza-López José-Javier
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo profundiza en el papel de los diversos componentes de la fiesta (especialmente el teatro, los ingenios literarios y la oratoria sagrada) en las complejas relaciones entre jesuitas y dominicos en Manila en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII. El análisis comparativo de las relaciones escritas con ocasión de las celebraciones de canonización y beatificación de ambas religiones, organizadas en la década de 1670, permitirá comprobar su rivalidad en el campo de las letras a la hora de demostrar su hegemonía doctrinal e intelectual, buscando igualmente una favorable posición social mediante su adhesión a las clases dirigentes. La cuestión se inscribe en la batalla por la propaganda que dirime en última instancia cuotas de poder espiritual y temporal.
Discurso poético mapuche: dimensión política
Authors: Betancour-Sánchez Sonia
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza la dimensión política del discurso poético mapuche, a través de los componentes enunciativos y enunciados del discurso, de las relaciones políticas y de los modos de funcionamiento en el poema. Para este propósito, se estudian cuatro poemas de destacados poetas mapuches –Elicura Chihuailaf, Leonel Lienlaf, Adriana Paredes y Jaime Huenún–, llegando a establecer que la dimensión política es otra característica de este tipo discursivo y que se encuentra vinculada de modo relevante a su carácter intercultural y a componentes intraculturales del discurso.
Un nuevo análisis de la construcción «ser de» + infinitivo en español europeo y americano
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Edita , Pérez-Ocón Pilar
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se estudia la variación lingüística de la construcción ser de + infinitivo de interpretación pasiva (Eso es de aplaudir) a partir del CORPES y del Corpus del Español (Mark Davies). La consulta de ambos corpus nos ha permitido confirmar que la construcción no solo tiene más vitalidad en el español americano, sino que presenta dos variantes raras en el español europeo: aparece con clítico acusativo (Eso es de aplaudirlo) y con la partícula se (Eso es de admirarse). Defenderemos que el comportamiento de la construcción responde a dos análisis diferentes: uno pasivo, que explica la ausencia de complemento directo en el español general o la presencia de la partícula se en algunas variedades americanas, y otro impersonal (presente sobre todo en Centroamérica), que explica la presencia del clítico acusativo.
Contexto editorial, cultural y socio-político de la edición príncipe de la «Historia de la doncella Teodor» (Toledo: Pedro Hagenbach, 1500-1501)
Authors: Haro-Cortés Marta
Published: June 2021

El análisis material del único ejemplar conservado de la editio princeps de la Historia de la doncella Teodor permite adelantar su fecha de impresión a la etapa incunable y adscribirlo al taller de Pedro Hagenbach. La estrecha relación de la imprenta de Hagenbach y de su producción con el proyecto reformista del arzobispo Cisneros y con los intereses de los Reyes Católicos fija el contexto editorial y cultural que ampara la adaptación en letra de molde de la Teodor, obra que casaba perfectamente con las directrices temáticas e ideológicas de renovación de costumbres y valores cristianos. La contundente imposición religiosa e intelectual de la joven y docta esclava, convertida en el texto editorial en “fijadalgo”, ante la corte del califa y sus más eminentes sabios, adquiere una clara proyección cortesana y propagandista vinculada al contexto político en que ve la luz: los levantamientos de la población musulmana contra los Reyes Católicos, en respuesta a la conversión forzada masiva orquestada por Cisneros.
Descripción acústica de la realización de [s] en Antioquia (Colombia)
Authors: Muñoz-Builes Diana-Marcela , Elvira-García Wendy
Published: June 2021

Este artículo describe las características acústicas del sonido [s] en las ciudades de Medellín y Apartadó, de la región de Antioquia, y explora la hipótesis de que la realización de /s/ sirva para diferenciar los dialectos de las dos zonas. El estudio se basa en el análisis de 943 eses, producidas por un total de 32 informantes. Se consideraron los siguientes parámetros fonéticos: la frecuencia del centro de gravedad, el pico espectral, la desviación estándar del espectro, el coeficiente de asimetría, el coeficiente de curtosis, los pasos por cero y el ruido relativo. Los resultados sugieren que, en posición de ataque, la [s] es más sibilante en el municipio de Medellín que en Apartadó y en cuanto al punto de articulación es más apical en el primero y más dentalizado en el segundo. La posición de coda no permite diferenciar entre municipios.
Implicaciones terminológicas del acercamiento psicolingüístico al significado léxico
Authors: Varo Carmen
Published: June 2021

Como resultado de la aproximación neurocognitiva al léxico que disciplinas como la Psicolingüística y la Neurolingüística realizan y, como consecuencia, de la incorporación en los estudios semánticos de los diversos mecanismos mentales y cerebrales que subyacen a la codificación y descodificación de los significados, se deriva una extensa serie de usos terminológicos, que pueden articularse en tres grandes ejes relativos a la organización mental- cerebral del contenido léxico, los mecanismos computacionales y asociativos responsables de la comprensión y la producción semánticas y los procesos de desarrollo y pérdida del significado. Los objetivos de esta contribución son: 1) valorar el grado de penetración de los contenidos de la Psicolingüística en los estudios de Semántica léxica, 2) comprobar el grado de consolidación y vitalidad de tales usos en los diccionarios de Lingüística, y 3) analizar las posibles deficiencias en su tratamiento terminológico y trazar una propuesta de integración conceptual de estos.
A novel method of immunomodulation of endothelial cells using Streptococcus pyogenes and its lysate
Authors:   Cardiology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India, Arokiaraj Mark Christopher , Wilson Jarad ,   RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Coronary artery diseases and autoimmune disorders are common in clinical practice. Aim. In this study, Streptococcus pyogenes and its lysate were studied to modify the endothelial function. Material and methods. HUVEC cells were seeded in the cell culture, and Streptococcus pyogenes were added to the cell culture, and the supernatant was studied for the secreted proteins. In the second phase, the bacterial lysate was synthesized, and the lysate was added to cell culture and studied. Results. When S. pyogenes alone was added to culture, E Cadherin, Angiostatin, EpCAM and PDGF-AB were some of the biomarkers elevated significantly. HCC1, IGFBP2 and TIMP were some of the biomarkers which showed a reduction. When the lysate was added, the cell-culture was maintained for a longer time, and it showed the synthesis of immune regulatory cytokines. Heatmap analysis showed a significant number of proteins/cytokines concerning the immune/pathways, and toll-like receptors superfamily were modified. BLC, IL 17, BMP 7, PARC, Contactin2, IL 10 Rb, NAP 2 (CXCL 7), Eotaxin 2 were maximally increased. By principal component analysis, the results observed were significant. Conclusion. There is potential for a novel method of immunomodulation of the endothelial cells, which have pleiotropic functions, using S. pyogenes and its lysates.
A prospective, interventional clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Liv.52 DS in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors:   Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Siregar Gontar , Paramesh Rangesh ,   The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru, India, Kumawat Rajesh ,   The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru, India, Palaniyamma D ,   The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru, India, Srikrishna HA
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is excessive fat build-up in the liver due to causes other than alcohol use. Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Liv.52 DS tablets in the management of NAFLD. Material and methods. Prospective, interventional clinical study conducted on 60 patients of both sex, aged between 18-65 years, confirmed with NAFLD from clinical examination, laboratory test, ultrasound findings and those willing to give informed consent. All patients received Liv.52 DS at a dose of 2 tablets twice daily for 2 months. All patients were evaluated at baseline, end of 1st month, and end of 2nd month for liver function tests, hepatomegaly by ultrasound, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, lipid profile, hematology and biochemical investigations. Results. Study data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism Software Version 6.07. Data of those patients who completed the study was considered for analysis. Significant improvement in hepatomegaly, liver enzymes was observed. NAFLD fibrosis score revealed no progression of liver fibrosis due to NAFLD during the study period. No abnormal lab values were recorded and there were no adverse events reported during the study. Conclusion. Study concludes that Liv.52 DS is safe and beneficial in individuals suffering from NAFLD.
Barcode sequencing and a high-throughput assay for chronological lifespan uncover ageing-associated genes in fission yeast
Authors: Romila Catalina A. , Townsend StJohn , Malecki Michal , Kamrad Stephan , Rodríguez-López María , Hillson Olivia , Cotobal Cristina , Ralser Markus , Bähler Jürg
Published: June 2021

Ageing-related processes are largely conserved, with simple organisms remaining the main platform to discover and dissect new ageing-associated genes. Yeasts provide potent model systems to study cellular ageing owing their amenability to systematic functional assays under controlled conditions. Even with yeast cells, however, ageing assays can be laborious and resource-intensive. Here we present improved experimental and computational methods to study chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We decoded the barcodes for 3206 mutants of the latest gene-deletion library, enabling the parallel profiling of ~700 additional mutants compared to previous screens. We then applied a refined method of barcode sequencing (Bar-seq), addressing technical and statistical issues raised by persisting DNA in dead cells and sampling bottlenecks in aged cultures, to screen for mutants showing altered lifespan during stationary phase. This screen identified 341 long-lived mutants and 1246 short-lived mutants which point to many previously unknown ageing-associated genes, including 46 conserved but entirely uncharacterized genes. The ageing-associated genes showed coherent enrichments in processes also associated with human ageing, particularly with respect to ageing in non-proliferative brain cells. We also developed an automated colony-forming unit assay to facilitate medium- to high-throughput chronological-lifespan studies by saving time and resources compared to the traditional assay. Results from the Bar-seq screen showed good agreement with this new assay. This study provides an effective methodological platform and identifies many new ageing-associated genes as a framework for analysing cellular ageing in yeast and beyond.
Ivan Bunin and Eastern Mysticism
Authors: Yahyapour Marzieh , Karimi-Motahhar Janolah
Published: June 2021

The influence of ideas of Eastern mysticism is manifested in Ivan Bunin’s understanding of the artistic path as spiritual ascent. This article analyses Bunin’s short stories The Death of the Prophet and The Stone based on the combination of times and spaces. The artistic specificity of these stories is determined by the presence of Biblical and Quranic motifs, as well as Saadi’s philosophical and parable texts. The article contains surahs of the Quran and fragments of Saadi’s poems, which make it possible to clarify the figurative genesis of Bunin’s stories characterised by a high artistic simplicity, brevity, and philosophical depth. The eastern imagery of the stories receives lyrical development in the poems Abraham, Law, Muhammad and Safiya, and others. It is noted that in The Death of the Prophet, the writer creates a typical image of a sage following the mystical path of spiritual improvement. Qur’anic influence is confirmed by the use of Bismillah in The Death of the Prophet and in the poem Law, i. e. the testimony that reveals 113 surahs of the Quran: In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. The authors pay special attention to the presence in The Death of the Prophet of Shahadatain, the formula of conversion to Islam containing the confession of the testimonies of Islam. Depicting the “other” eastern world, Bunin focuses on cultural, moral, and historical issues. In the work of the writer, emphasis is placed on the unity of the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Bunin’s orientalism, the distant world is portrayed as spiritualised and light. It is concluded that for the writer, the main thing is to “survey the Beauty of the World”, to see the “combination of the beautiful and the eternal”, to know what the “truth” is, and, finally, to complete the mystical path.
Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces Driving Russian Language Norms
Authors: Mustajoki Arto , Protassova Ekaterina , Yelenevskaya Maria
Published: June 2021

Russian, as a pluricentric language, demonstrates differences in pronunciation, lexis, syntactical structures, and regional specificity of grammar deviations. The imposition of a norm, which is difficult even in the metropolis, is hardly possible in the diaspora, where host countries’ realities have a strong impact on the Russian language spoken outside of Russian borders. Even support of the Russian language turns into a double-edged sword, as Russian institutions offering it to the diasporic communities refuse to admit the growing pluricentricity of the Russian language. Although almost 30 years have passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russian heritage remains strong in the post-Soviet space, and many countries continue using Russian in public settings and in education. Regional varieties of Russian increasingly drift away from the “Moscow norm”, although it still dominates culturally. New European borders and economic conditions stipulate new regulations in the use of traditional international languages. The debate on the norm and the struggle for bi- and multilingualism characterize the current situation with the Russian language in the world. At the same time, it is important to point out that due to diasporans’ transnational ties, globalization of Russian electronic media, and growing commodification of Russian, it is often used as a lingua franca on the territory of the former Soviet Union and in immigrants’ host countries. This requires a high degree of stability of the main linguistic features to ensure mutual understanding in communication. Russian speakers stick to their language and elevate its status whenever they feel mistreated or underrepresented in their countries of residence, or when they see economic benefits in its use.
Perioperative Management of a Giant Ovarian Tumour in an Adolescence with Severe Scoliosis and Unilateral Diaphragmatic Dysfunction: A Case Report
Authors: Giwangkancana Gezy Wita , Kurniadi Andi , Putri Yunita Susanto , Maryani Euis
Published: June 2021

Though giant ovarian tumor are rare but due to the limitations in oncology surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, many oncology patients are presented with a more severe stage and giant ovarian tumors may be more commonly seen during this period. The aim of this case report study was to describe the perioperative management of an adolescent patient with a giant ovarian tumor, severe scoliosis, and unilateral diaphragm dysfunction. An 18-years-old girl weighing 28 kgBW came with a giant abdominal mass that extended to her thoracic and back areas. The patient had a history of severe scoliosis since childhood. She had signs of respiratory distress and was not comfortable lying down. Preoperatively, the surgeon used ultrasonography to guide cyst puncture using a thoracic tube and 6,500 cc of mucinous fluid was drained. Inhalational induction with preservation of spontaneous breathing was performed. Two massive masses filled the entire abdominal area, adhering to the peritoneum while pushing and tenting the diaphragm cranially and laterally to the right and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was conducted. Serial radiological examinations showed unilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction and a progressing ventilator associated pneumonia. Improving post-operative outcome of patients with giant intraabdominal masses must include preoperative assessment of potential peri-operative respiratory complications, preparation of intraoperative hemodynamic, and ventilatory disturbances with gentle weaning and multidisciplinary approach during the post-operative care to assess readiness of ventilator weaning.
Nursing Now Brazil Campaign: alignments with global evidence for the development of national nursing
Authors: Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Almeida Emerson Willian Santos , Silva Manoel Carlos Neri da
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the goals and strategies of the Nursing Now Brazil Campaign in the light of global documents that focus on perspectives for the strengthening of Brazilian Nursing. Methods: Documentary research, carried out from the comparative analysis of the goals and strategies of the Nursing Now Brazil Campaign and documents with high global repercussion for social and economic development in the health context. Data were collected between May and July 2020. Results: The evidence set bases the need for strategies to achieve excellence in the training of nurses, better working conditions and the dissemination of successful experiences undertaken by these professionals in different health contexts for the strengthening of leadership and competencies capable of boosting socioeconomic development and people’s quality of life. Conclusion: The achievement of the Nursing Now Brazil Campaign goals, based on global health evidence, may directly impact the socioeconomic development of the country.
COM A PALAVRA, AS CRIANÇAS! AS TROCAS DISCURSIVAS DURANTE A PRODUÇÃO COLETIVA DE TEXTOS
Authors: Girão Fernanda Michelle Pereira , Brandão Ana Carolina Perrusi
Published: June 2021

A literatura indica que crianças pequenas podem estabelecer uma interação significativa com textos escritos e demonstrar interesse em produzi-los (Rego, 1988; Mayrink-Sabinson, 1998; Souza, 2003). Entretanto, são escassos os estudos que investigam as formas de participação das crianças nas situações em que textos são escritos de forma colaborativa, tendo a professora como escriba. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa analisou as trocas discursivas entre crianças com 5 e 6 anos e sua professora durante atividades de produção coletiva de textos em duas turmas do último ano da Educação Infantil de instituições públicas. Partindo de uma abordagem sociodiscursiva da linguagem escrita (Bronckart, 1999; Schneuwlly, 2004) três produções coletivas, conduzidas por cada professoras foram videogravadas, transcritas e analisadas qualitativamente. Os dados evidenciaram a participação ativa das crianças na produção de diferentes gêneros discursivos, compartilhando nesse processo, conhecimentos e reflexões sobre diferentes dimensões envolvidas numa produção textual (i.e. características do gênero, aspectos sociointerativos, geração do conteúdo textual, os sinais gráficos utilizados para escrever e a revisão da escrita). A mediação docente, numa perspectiva dialógica e com intervenções que chamavam a atenção para tais dimensões, mostrou-se um elemento chave para potencializar o engajamento das crianças na atividade e para a promoção de uma experiência de coautoria na escrita dos textos. Concluímos que as trocas discursivas, mediadas pelas professoras durante a produção coletiva de textos podem proporcionar situações de aprendizagens significativas, compartilhadas entre as crianças.
La eficiencia en el sistema penal español: con especial referencia al modelo de conformidades
Authors: Guarda Claudio Gonzalez
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo, describe el modo en que algunas lógicas eficientistas se han posicionado en el sistema penal español. Con este objetivo, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura político-criminal sobre la materia. Asimismo se han examinado las Circulares de la Fiscalía General del Estado, diversos informes sobre la Nueva Oficina Judicial (NOJ), estadísticas judiciales y los anteproyectos de códigos procesales penales (2011, 2013 y 2020), entre otras informaciones atinentes. De este modo determinamos tres ámbitos para observar este fenómeno: 1) en la literatura político-criminal respectiva; 2) en el intento de implementar un “gerencialismo orgánico” manifestado en la denominada Nueva Oficina Judicial; y 3) en el sistema de justicia negociada en España, especialmente en las conformidades. Concluimos que: a) A pesar de los escasos estudios sobre el gerencial/eficientismo en España, su penetración es indudable. Ciertamente de manera diferente a otros contextos (angloamericano y latinoamericano); b) La consolidación de un modelo eficientista de rasgos aceleracionistas de la justicia criminal se configura no solo debido a factores jurídicos, sino también a elementos socio-económicos, tecnológicos, y criminológicos; c) Su principal manifestación se observa en los procedimientos rápidos y en el modelo de conformidades (modo de terminar el litigio en el 70 % de las causas ordinarias y en el 90 % de los juicios rápidos); d) Los intentos de transformar toda la dimensión organizacional de la justicia penal no se han concretado.
Céspedes y la colonialidad del archivo: historias de negritud y fuga en la modernidad española peninsular
Authors: Ortega Arjonilla Esther Mayoko
Published: June 2021

Las actas del proceso inquisitorial que se produjo en Toledo entre los años 1587 y 1589 contra la persona de Céspedes da pie a este artículo. En primer lugar, el artículo realiza una revisión de cómo este archivo ha sido leído por parte de la historiografía y realiza una crítica a estas lecturas por la colonialidad de estas miradas. En segundo lugar, el artículo propone una lectura que pone en primer plano o que se centra en aspectos no analizados del archivo que tienen que ver con la historia racial de la España de la Edad Moderna y su relación problemática con la negritud y la esclavitud, tanto en el pasado como en el presente. The minutes of the inquisitorial process that took place in Toledo between the years 1587 and 1589 against the person of Céspedes give rise to this article. Firstly, the article reviews how this archive has been read by historiography and makes a criticism of these readings due to the coloniality of these views. Secondly, the article offers a reading that explores the unanalyzed aspects of the archive that have to do with the racial history of Spain in the Modern Age and its problematic relationship with blackness and slavery, both in the past and in the present.
توظيف القرآن الكريم في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها
Authors: KANNAS Mohamad Burhan
Published: June 2021

يحاول الباحث دراسة إحدى أهم التحديات التي تواجه تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها، ويرتبط هذا التحدي بالسلاسل التّعليميّة التي تُقدَّم لمتعلم اللغة العربية من غير أبنائها، ومن ناحية أخرى وبشكل غير مباشر، يثبت الباحث خطأ تقسيم اللغة العربية إلى لغتين قديمة ميتة، ومعاصرة لا تمت للعربية القديمة بصلة، إذ إن هذا التقسيم لايصلح للغة العربية البتّة، فالاختيارات التي قام الباحث باختيارها من القرآن الكريم، ليست بالقليلة بل هي في غاية الأهمية، لغويًا ونحويًا وصرفيًا، وهي تثبت ثبات اللغة العربية واستمراريتها، وهذا البحث يأتي محاولة للتمهيد لتوظيف أكبر للنصوص الدينية القرآنية أو النبوية، في سلاسل المراحل الأولى من تعليم اللغة لغير أبنائها، الذين في معظمهم يدرسون اللغة العربية لفهم القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية، فيصل المتعلمون بطريق أقصر إلى هدفهم، ويحققون الهدف الرئيسي من تعلم اللغة وهو التواصل.

تبدأ المشكلة من سلاسل اللغة العربية، فهي قليلًا ما تلجأ إلى القرآن الكريم وتستفيد من ألفاظه وتراكيبه، رغم غناها وقدرتها على تغطية قدر كبير من المعاني الحسية وغير الحسية، لكن معظم السلاسل تستعيض بألفاظ غير واردة في القرآن الكريم، أو لا تركّز على التراكيب النحوية المهمة فيه.
Generation of high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses:
2018 Nobel Prize Winners in Physics
Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland
Authors: Tyutyunnik Vyacheslav M.
Published: June 2021

In the early 1980s, French physicist G. Mourou and his Canadian collaborator D. Strickland solved the problem of power drop by dispersing in time and space the processes of amplification and compression: a method of obtaining super-powerful chirped laser pulses (CPA – chirped pulse amplification). The paper presents brief biographical references to Mourou and Strickland. The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded “for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”: Artur Isidorovich Ashkin (Ashkinazi, born 02.09.1922, USA), half of the prize “for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems”; Gerard Albert Mourou and Donna Theo Strickland (became the third woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics) (quarterly premium) “for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses”. Since that time all lasers have been built on a new principle: after the amplifiers place
a compressor from diffraction bars. Instead of simply amplifying the pulse, it is first spread out on spectral components spread over time, then they are amplified separately, then again assembled into a single pulse. At each point in time, only
a fraction of the pulse is amplified, not the entire pulse, allowing for a much higher peak intensity of laser light flow.
Fluorinated polymers:
evaluation and characterization of structure and composition
Authors: Ivanov Alexey A. , Belov Nikolay A.
Published: June 2021

The proposed review represents the systematic analysis of modern methods and approaches for the characterization and structural evaluation of fluorinated polymers that have found a wide application as materials for chemical processing, chemically resistant components and coatings, pharmaceutical and electrical packaging, biomedical equipment, etc. The chemical composition of the polymers (fluorine content, its distribution inside the fluorinated materials, chemical bonds, presence of oxygen-containing groups) substantially influences on the operation properties (chemical resistance, adhesive, cohesive, optical, dielectrical, thermal, barrier, gas permeation) of the final polymeric products. Hence, it was of particularly importanсe to bond the emergence of specific features with the presence of fluorine in the chemical structure of polymer by means of related analytical techniques. Namely, we focused on spectral
(IR, UV-VIS, NMR, XPS, EPR), chemical (elemental analysis), Secondary-ion mass spectroscopic (SIMS) and microscopic (AFM, SEM-EDX) methods emphasizing their general consideration and limitations as well as application for the in-depth characterization.
Management of Training Process of Team Sports Athletes During the Competition Period on the Basis of Programming (Football-Based)
Authors: Shchepotina Natalia , Kostiukevych Viktor , Asauliuk Inna , Stasiuk Vadym , Vozniuk Tetiana , Dmytrenko Svitlana , Adamchuk Vadym
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of organization of structural arrangements of the training process in skilled football players within the limits of the competition period on the basis of programming.
Material and methodology. 18 skilled football players of “Burevisnyk” student team took part in the research. The average age of participants was 19.8 ± 5.8 years and the qualification was category 1. The programme of the competition period of the skilled football players consisted of four blocks: the first one included the types and ratios of the training work, the second one included quantitative indexes of training sessions (non-specific, specific, comprehensive) and games (educational, control, official), and the third one included the ratio of means (general preparatory exercises, special preparatory exercises, developing exercises, competitive exercises) and training loads (aerobic, mixed aerobic and anaerobic, anaerobic alactic, anaerobic glycolytic loads), and the fourth one included preparedness criteria.
Results. We have redistributed training loads of various orientation by taking into account the specifics of competitive loads in skilled football players. Thus, shares of loads of the aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic orientation at the formative stage of the experiment were increased by 53.6 and 3.0 %, respectively, and the loads of the mixed and anaerobic alactic orientation were decreased by 40.0 and 3.4 %, respectively. Positive dynamics of indexes of physical (1.2-2.2 %) and functional (5.4-6.7 %) preparedness and competitive activity (3.6-23.8 %) of skilled football players at the formative phase of the experiment in comparison to the ascertaining phase was evident.
Conclusions. Theoretical and methodical aspects of programming of the training process may be conditioned upon the hierarchical structure, in which smaller programmatic structural arrangements are subordinate to the larger ones; the objectives with respect to the training programmes at every phase of the training macrocycle; general and special principles of athlete training; algorithmicity, i.e. step-by-step planning and correction of managerial influences; proper selection of training means and use of training loads with different focuses in the process of training cycles; use of informational criteria for control at every phase of the training process.
A Phenomenographic Investigation of Middle School Pre-service Mathematics Teachers' Conceptions of Proof
Authors: YILMAZ AKKURT Yasemin , YILDIRIM Selda
Published: June 2021

The capability of pre-service teachers to teach mathematical reasoning depends on the quality of their proof conceptions. This qualitative study focuses proof conceptions of middle school pre-service mathematics teachers. To this end, this study employed a phenomenographic approach to identify the variation in pre-service teachers’ experience of proof. Analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed five qualitatively different categories: proof is (a) a way of problem-solving, (b) a means for understanding, (c) explaining thinking in a convincing way, d) validating conjectures using logical arguments, and (e) a means for discovery of mathematics. This study contributes to the pedagogical knowledge about a framework of proof conceptions. Results may be used to promote the quality of the mathematics teacher preparation programs.
Improvement of efficiency of detecting vacuum leakages by using combined methods
Authors: Vodeniktov A.D. , Vlasenko V.G. , Chichirova N.D.
Published: June 2021

Trouble-free operation of the main equipment of heat power plants is determined by the performance reliability of condensing units. High air density of the vacuum system provides cost-effective and reliable operation. One of the reasons that causes an increase of the exhaust steam pressure compared to the standard pressure, in addition to contamination of the condensers cooling surface, is the high amount of air inflow through vacuum system leakiness. Exceeding the amount of atmospheric air inflow into the vacuum system above the standard value, both reduces the available heat energy and make worse the deaeration capacity of the condenser. This results in saturation of the full-flow condensate with oxygen and intensification of corrosion processes. Various methods varying in both cost and efficiency are used to find air inflow location. Nowadays, the issue of choosing a method to detect even the most insignificant air inflow location of the vacuum system of a steam turbine remains open. In the current study, the authors have used the thermal-imaging method to detect air inflow location due to local hypocooling, and the ultrasonic method, which is based on the detection of ultrasound created by gas flows. The authors have proved the necessity to use several different in concept methods to find leakage locations in a vacuum system. It is established that traditional methods to find vacuum system leaks do not allow to eliminate excess leaks. In-service monitoring confirms 87 % reduction of the amount of vacuum leaks. The studies show high efficiency of sharing both thermal imaging and ultrasonic methods to detect air inflow location in a vacuum system. According to the operating conditions of the available equipment, as well as the personnel qualifications, the results obtained make it possible to choose the most optimal way in terms of financial and time expenses to find vacuum leakage location in the vacuum system of a steam turbine.