bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cytotoxicity Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease (Preprint)
Authors: Parthasarathy Praveen S.
Published: May 2020

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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, causing severe deficits as a result of neurodegeneration. AD pathology features aggregations of amyloid-beta (AB) oligomers and tau proteins; however, the exact mechanism of aggregate generation is unclear. The vascular and amyloid cascade models of AD pathogenesis have suggested that cerebrovascular damage and AB accumulation, respectively, are the causes of neurodegeneration. However, these hypotheses do not address other prominent factors in AD pathology, such as the microbiota, endocrine system, and immune system. Recent research suggests that the various factors that contribute to AD pathogenesis have similar, constructive effects, with neurodegeneration as a final result. A compromised gut microbiome, which promotes neuroinflammation, may activate the neuroimmune system, stimulating the release of AB and other cytotoxic molecules in response to unfavorable brain microbiome species (Staphylococcus aureus). Furthermore, the gut microbiome has a critical role in physiological stress, contributing to neuroinflammation. Aggregations of AB, which cause hemolysis and microvessel damage in the brain, contribute to increases in free iron, playing a role in the generation of cytotoxic free-radicals and consequent neuronal apoptosis. The combination of microbial infection, systemic inflammation, and iron-induced apoptosis contribute to AD pathogenesis through creating a “cytotxic broth” that induces neurodegeneration. The combinations of these complex factors suggest that each patient’s AD prognosis is dependent on the balance of various causators (i.e. microbiota diversity, pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance, etc.). Personalized combined treatments must be evaluated in the future to better treat individual causative factors in AD pathogenesis.
The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Need for an Immediate Action (Preprint)
Authors: Ullah Mujib
Published: May 2020

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Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses. Coronavirus also called COVID-19 is a new disease that has not been previously identified in humans. The World Health Organization has announced that COVID-19 is a pandemic. Currently there is no specific vaccine or treatment for COVID-19. Current treatment for COVID-19 is only supportive (treating the symptoms). There are no antiviral or vaccine options at this time. Therefore, it is time to bring collective efforts to treat or prevent a rapidly evolving pandemic of COVID-19.
Post operative acute kidney injury in Gastro Intestinal and Hepatobiliary Surgery in a tertiary centre in Western India:A retrospective analysis. (Preprint)
Authors: Vasavada Bhavin
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

AIM:

Aim of our study was to evaluate incidence and causative factors for acute kidney injury in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgeries.

Material and methods:

All the gastrointestinal surgeries performed between April 2018 to March 2020, in our institution have been analysed for acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury defined according to acute kidney injury network classification. Categorical variables were evaluated by chi square test and continuous variables by Mann Whitney U test. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. P< 0.05 was considered significant

Results:

We performed 331 gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgery from April 2018 to March 2020. After exclusion 317 patients were included in study population.14 patients (4.4%) were defined as having acute kidney injury according to acute kidney injury network classifications. On univariate analysis acute kidney injury was associated with open surgery (p= 0.002, Intra operative hypotension (p=0.006), CDC grade of surgery (p<0.001), increased used to blood products (p=0.004), higher ASA grade (p<0.0001), increased operative time(p<0.0001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis higher ASA grade (p=0.001) and increased operative time (0.015) independently predicted acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury was also significantly associated with 90 days mortality. ( p= <0.0001)

Conclusion:

Post-operative acute kidney injury was associated with significant mortality in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgery. Open surgery, higher CDC grade surgery, more blood products, higher ASA grades, increase operative time predicted acute kidney injury in post operative periods. Higher ASA grades and increased operative time predicted acute kidney injury.
e-INEBRIA Special Interest Group Roadmap for Best Practices for Research on Brief Digital Interventions for Problematic Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use (Preprint)
Authors: Schaub Michael Patrick , Berman Anne H , López Pelayo Hugo , Boumparis Nikolaos , Khadjesari Zarnie , Blankers Matthijs , Gual Antoni , Riper Heleen , Pas Lodewijk
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

There is great potential for scaling up the delivery of brief interventions for alcohol and illicit drug use, given the increasing coverage of mobile devices and technologies for digital interventions, including apps for smartphones and tablets. However, while the number of digital interventions is increasing rapidly, the involvement of brief-intervention researchers and the development of good practices has just begun. In 2018, the Special Interest Group on digital interventions of the International Network on Brief Interventions for Alcohol & Other Drugs (e-INEBRIA SIG) initiated a conversation regarding possible avenues of future research, which subsequently became a roadmap for digital interventions. This roadmap consists of points considered relevant for future research, ongoing technological developments, and their implementation across a continuum of prevention and care. Moreover, it outlines starting points for the diversification of brief digital interventions, as well as next steps for quality improvement and implementation in public health and clinical practice. The roadmap of the e-INEBRIA SIG on digital interventions is a starting point that indicates relevant next steps and provides orientation for researchers and interested practitioners with regard to the ambiguous literature and the complexity of current digital interventions.
The Use of Small Electronic Devices and Health: Feasibility of Interventions for a Forthcoming Crossover Design (Preprint)
Authors: Larsen Lisbeth Hoekjaer , Lauritzen Maja Hedegaard , Gangstad Sirin Wilhelmsen , Kjaer Troels Wesenberg
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Modern lifestyle is heavily affected by technology such as smartphones, tablets, and other small computers; yet it remains unclear how our health and well-being are affected by the heavy use of these devices.

OBJECTIVE

This feasibility study aims to test two different interventions of an experimental protocol for a forthcoming large-scale community-based study and get estimates of parameters for sample size calculation. The aim of the large-scale study is to investigate the effect of (1) a wearable tracking device on aerobic capacity (VO2max/kg) and the effect of (2) restricting media use on total sleep time.

METHODS

Twenty healthy participants were included and equipped with a wrist-worn device tracking physical activity and sleep. Participants were allocated to either a physical activity group, which was instructed to use the wrist-worn device to support exercise, or a sleep silent group, which was instructed to remove or switch off all electronic devices in the bedroom (except the wrist-worn tracking device). The intervention lasted approximately 4 weeks. Data collected included blood pressure, submaximal cycle ergometer test, self-reported technology use, and compliance of using the wearable tracking device.

RESULTS

All participants wore the wearable tracking device 95.8% (SD 4.4%) of the time. Participants in the physical activity group increased aerobic capacity from 30.38 (SD 8.98) to 32.1 (SD 8.71) mL/kg/min (t=–2.31, P=.046) and decreased their systolic blood pressure from 126.5 (SD 15.8) mm Hg to 121.8 (SD 11.7) mm Hg (t=2.72, P=.02). The sleep silent group prolonged their time offline before bedtime from 18.1 (SD 19.4) minutes to 27.2 (SD 17.3) minutes (t=–2.94, P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

The two interventions are feasible to conduct. Participants were willing to wear the tracking device on their wrist and restrict all media use in their bedroom and thereby reduce bedtime technology use. Our results also suggest that tracking physical activity using a wearable device is accompanied by noteworthy health benefits. We outline necessary adjustments for a forthcoming large-scale study.
What are the barriers to increasing breast cancer screening in India (Preprint)
Authors: Bharath Aditya
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

In India, the screening rate for breast cancer is significantly lower than other countries such as the USA or UK or Australia, leading to more than 68% of breast cancers being detected at stage 3A or later. This paper analyses the reasons for said screening rate being relatively low.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the possible barriers to increasing the rate of breast cancer screening in India, and hence the barriers to instituting a nation-wide screening program

METHODS

6 previous papers written on screening barriers to breast cancer were inspected and analysed. A study was conducted by sending it on online forums to a random sample of residents of India. The respondents were female.

RESULTS

: The majority of the women surveyed felt that screening was not necessary and hence did not undergo breast cancer screening; however, women surveyed also felt that they were afraid of being diagnosed with breast cancer, screening seemed too expensive an option, screening procedures were too expensive, and that they were afraid of the radiation

CONCLUSIONS

Having identified a few of the multiple barriers to breast cancer screening in the Delhi NCR region, a scalable model for a population level organised screening project must be devised which may overcome maximum number of these barriers in the interest of incrementing the screening rate, and hence survival rate for breast cancer in India
The Influence of Domestic Politics of South Korea on its Relations with North Korea and the United States
Authors: Farid Darussalam Miftah
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to conduct research on the influence of domestic South Korean politics on relations with the United States and North Korea. In this case, the theory of dominance of domestic political actors explains where the dominance of a group will have an influence on determining the foreign policy of a country. South Korea’s domestic politics is dominated by two groups with different ideologies in the face of the United States and North Korea. This then resulted in different actions in the face of North Korea and the United States. The differences will be explained by assessing some of the policies applied to Kim Dae Jung’s regime and Roh Moo-Hyun from a progressive group. The policy will then be compared to the policies of the regime of Lee Myung Bak from conservative groups. Differences in the group’s dominant views in South Korea have led to certain strategies for each group in the face of the opposition group. The strategy is carried out to maintain the effectiveness of the policies applied according to the ideology of each group. This research used literature study as the method by taking data from journals and reports which that discuss the national politics of South Korea. The theoretical framework of V.M Hudson, which focuses on the national circumstances, and the role of domestic actors have been applied in this research.
Teungku Dayah Agency and Religious Social Capital on Drug Eradication in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Nirzalin Nirzalin , Febriandi Yogi
Published: May 2020

This article examines the success of religious social capital and the agency of teungku dayah (Islamic scholars who belong to traditional religious school) in the collective drug eradication movement in Ujong Pacu, Lhokseumawe-Aceh, Indonesia. The role of religious social capital in combating the drugs market in global drug policy has been less studied. This study provides a quite different view from most scholars who work for combating drug dealers by engaging participation of religious communities in rural society. The agency of teungku dayah succeeded in mobilizing the villagers due to the social capital that bonded the community based on religious ties. The article used live-in method, observation, in-depth and interviews to build a sociological imagination about  the patterns of social practice of the people who  become  the subject  of the research. The researchers lived in one of the villager’s houses, participated in their discussions, listened to the gossip, worshipped with them and were involved in certain jobs carried out by the community members who targeted informants. Using religious social capital, this article argues that teungku dayah effectively  used  the social and  religious capital  of the Ujong Pacu community to conduct drug eradication. Religious social capital has strong ties in unifying elements of the people in the same religion, moreover it becomes an energy that keeps motivating the community to run anti-drugs movement and driving out the drug addicts in Ujong Pacu, Lhokseumawe-Aceh.
Analysis of e-Government Services: A Study of the Adoption of Electronic Tax Filing in Indonesia
Authors: Sijabat Rosdiana
Published: May 2020

This study explores the impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, and perceived risks of using electronic tax filing (e-Filing) on the intention to use e-Filing through a technology acceptance model framework. The theoretical foundation used in this study is the technology acceptance model (TAM) on 201 valid questionnaires completed by Indonesian taxpayers. The data collected was analyzed by structural equation modelling using SmartPLS (3.0 Version). The results of the study revealed that e-Filing’s perceived usefulness and risk were significantly associated with intention to use, while perceived ease-of-use did not have a significant effect. Although the influence of perceived risks significantly mediated the influence of perceived usefulness, it did not significantly mediate the influence of ease-of-use. Gender was found to significantly moderate the influence of e-Filing’s perceived usefulness, but not to moderate the influence of perceived ease-of-use. Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) finds that the intention to use e-Filing is most strongly influenced by its perceived usefulness and perceived risk. This implies that policymakers must highlight the perceived usefulness and communicate the perceived risks of e-Filing to ensure taxpayers are willing to use the system. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to examine both mediation and moderation to analyze the adoption of technology in Indonesia’s taxation system and offer a policy perspective through IPMA.
Correlation Analysis of Road Freight Transport and Economic Development in Shaanxi Province
Authors: Li Yuhan , Chen Zhuang
Published: May 2020

Based on the data from 1987-2017 of the Statistical Yearbook of Shaanxi Province, this paper selects Shaanxi Road freight transportation evaluation indicators and economic development evaluation indicators, and uses the method of co-integration test and ADF unit root test to determine whether there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the indicators. Through the establishment of VAR model and analysis, it demonstrates the impact of road freight transportation on economic development in Shaanxi Province. Based on the impulse impact between the road freight transportation and economic development in Shaanxi Province, the correlation between road freight transportation and economic development in Shaanxi Province is analyzed and studied to provide suggestions for the coordinated development of road freight transportation and economy in Shaanxi Province.
Hunger in Madagascar: A Case Study
Authors: Fry Lincoln J.
Published: May 2020

This paper is a continuation of a larger study which assesses hunger in African countries. The purpose of these papers in this is to look at the scope of hunger in countries and then to identify the factors that predict hunger in each individual country. This is the 5th paper in the series and is concerned with hunger in Madagascar, one of Africa’s and the world’s hungriest countries. The paper is important for several reasons. One is the fact that it, like all the country level papers, is based on a national probability sample, something the literature stresses is lacking and needed to improve hunger research. A second is that all the papers in the series, including this one, found that the literature’s suggestion that gender and the rural-urban dimension are significant predictors of hunger. These studies have provided a consistent list of significant hunger predictors. Employment in the country’s agricultural sector, wealth as measured by asset ownership, education and age were consistent significant predictors, .The surprising findings were related to respondent perception of the role of government in addressing hunger, questions like the way the government was handling whether people had enough to eat or addressing the living standards of the poor. The major policy implication of this and earlier papers is that governments need to reach out to citizens, presenting them with their food related plans and assuring them that the government is doing everything within its power to address hunger in their countries.
University Jordanian Learners of English: Difficulties and Solutions
Authors: Wardat Saja , Wardat Mahmud H.
Published: May 2020

Referencing related literature and drawing upon our experience, observation and talks with specialists, we have realized that the problem of difficulty encountered by Arab learners of English in general and by Jordanian university English students in particular is sporadically addressed by researchers. They mention it along with their focus on errors committed by those EFL learners. At the university, English majors study English language, linguistics, and literature courses over a period of four years. While enrolling in the English program, they encounter difficulties or problems like teaching methods, cultural and language problems and teaching settings which negatively affect their language proficiency and, thus, graduate committing gross errors in various language skills, pointing to their weakness, low proficiency and unsatisfactory achievement which do not meet teachers’ and society’s expectations. The present paper is meant to diagnose the problems that confront university Jordanian English majors and to propose some solutions including strict requirements on transfer students, a TOEFL score of 500, and a small class size intended to play a role in reforming the present status quo of English departments, thus upgrading their outputs, and helping students improve their level linguistically and extra linguistically.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL ORGANOBISMUTH FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTITUMOR STUDIES
Authors: TRIPATHI DIPTI MANI , KANT RAVI , SRIVASTAVA KRISHNA
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The major objective of this manuscript is to present synthesis and biomedical screening of some organic derivatives of bismuth having general formula (R3BiL2) by the method reported and characterized with the help of M.P., elemental, I.R., and NMR spectral analysis along with their antimicrobial and in vitro antitumor activity against human breast (MCF-7) and mammary cancer (EVSA-7) cell line.

Methods: All the newly organobismuth having general formula [R3BiL2] were synthesised by the method reported especially using oxidative addition and complexation reactions.

Results: It was found that organobismuth compounds have trigonal bipyramidal structure as per their elemental and spectral analysis and show potentiality as antimicrobial and antitumor agents.

Conclusion: The newly synthesized organobismuth(V)substituted carboxylates were fully characterized chemically to ascertain their structure by sophisticated instrumental and spectral analysis resulted as trigonal bipyramidal structure. The compounds were also screened 1st time for antitumor and antimicrobial studies. The observations clearly indicated that organobismuth carboxylates show potent antimicrobial and antitumor activity.
FASTING TECHNIQUES – CHANGING THE WAY, YOU LOOK AT THERAPY
Authors: DATTA TANUDEEP , AZAMTHULLA MOHAMMAD
Published: May 2020

At present, various complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders have become treatable, almost completely, but the drugs used for the treatment may cause some severe side effects such as hypoglycemia, kidney complications, diarrhea, anemia, rashes, dyskinesia, insomnia, hypotension, confusion, hallucinations, compulsive behavior, and neurological complications. Some treatments cause defects in whole organ systems including damage to the immune system, lungs, heart, nerve endings, and reproductive organs. Many treatment approaches are using non-pharmacological techniques for treating diseases, without synthetic drugs. One such technique is fasting, a process where starvation conditions are imitated voluntarily. Intermittent fasting is done in ratios of fasting and food intake, where a person deprives himself of food for 16 h and food intake is followed for the rest of 8 h. Alternate day fasting includes alternate days of food intake and fasting. Time-restricted feeding is done by allowing food consumption only during the metabolically active phase of the day. Fasting mimicking diet is done by reducing food intake to very small levels which mimics the conditions of fasting. Reported beneficial effects of fasting have been found in diseases such as cancer, blood pressure disorders, autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress.
AN OVERVIEW OF DRUG INFORMATION CENTER – FUNCTIONS AND CHALLENGES IN INDIA
Authors: P THIREESHA , K MOUNIKA , ADUSUMILLI PRAMOD KUMAR , HARSHA C SRI
Published: May 2020

Drug information has been providing data on drugs that are being used in the health-care system. It also bears dosing, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), side effects, pharmacokinetic parameters and educating the health-care professionals and managing drug shortage, identifying alternative treatments, and developing alternative protocols for restrictive use. The Moto of drug information is to contribute genuine, precise, appropriate, impartial drug information to the patients, nursing staff, practicing physician, pharmacist, and other health-care professional. Drug information regularly responds to inquiries from patients, health-care professionals. The drug information center routinely receives queries from hospital staff, patients, and responds to queries regarding ADRs, drug interactions, pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs, and information on new drugs available in the market. Drug information services help in improving patient safety, minimizing drug-related issues to the patient, and rational use of drugs by both physician and patient. Drug information services are providing unambiguous data with a well-trained and registered clinical pharmacist. Most of the developed countries are using this service successfully. In well-developed countries, these centers provide accurate and up to date drug information to health-care professionals within minutes. However, developing countries like India need to pay more attention to the services. Information present in this paper not only enlightens the drug information services but also on the future aspects that need to be taken.
OBSERVING DRUG UTILIZATION TRENDS OF ANALGESICS IN INDOOR SURGICAL PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: PARULEKAR VIDISHA VIVEK , BADAR VANDANA AVINASH
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the utilization pattern of analgesic use in pre-operative, intraoperative, and post-operative wards of different surgical specialties.

Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study done for a period of 1 year and the data were obtained from case sheets of 386 patients admitted in surgical wards of the. Data were analyzed according to demography, type of surgery, and the WHO prescribing indicators. The percentage of analgesic prescribed from an essential medicine list or National list of essential medicine (NLEM), common analgesics, and fixed dose combinations (FDC) used in surgery, gynecology, ENT, and orthopedic wards in preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, was assessed and the amounts of drugs consumed were converted into the number of daily defined dose (DDD) as per the 2010 version of ATC/DDD index.

Results and Discussion: The female to male ratio of 1.21 and most of patients were in the category of middle-aged adults (49%). On the evaluation of WHO prescribing parameters, it was seen the average number of analgesics prescribed per prescription was 1.26, percentage of injectable analgesics and analgesics prescribed from NLEM were 81.09% and 90.64%, respectively. Perioperatively, injection diclofenac sodium was the most commonly used analgesic and its DDD was 460. The most common FDC used perioperatively was aceclofenac 325mg+serratiopeptidase 15 mg (5.04%) and Drug Controller General of India and the WHO approved FDCs were 80.28% and 75.53%, respectively.

Conclusion: It is necessary to determine the prevalence and severity of post-surgical pain and implementation of standardized pain evaluation and treatment protocols which improve the post-operative patient care in the hospital setting.
ARBEKACIN – A RAY OF HOPE TO FIGHT AGAINST MDR AND XDR GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN A SCIENTIFIC AND COST-EFFECTIVE WAY IN INDIAN SCENARIO
Authors: SARKAR SOMA , SARKAR DIPANKAR , NAMHATA ANJUM , SENGUPTA MANIDEEPA
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to see the in vitro activity of arbekacin, a novel aminoglycoside, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) so that it can become a good alternative as empirical treatment for severe sepsis.

Methods: Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing of the GNB isolated from the clinical samples were done using the VITEK-II system in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata. MDR and XDR strains were selected by their definitions and molecular characterization was done by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of arbekacin was detected by the E-test strip and compared with other aminoglycosides.

Results: A total of 140 drug-resistant strains including ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing GNB were selected for the study. Arbekacin showed reduced values of MIC50 and MIC90 compared to other aminoglycosides for most of the drug-resistant GNB.

Conclusion: Hence, in this drug-resistant era, arbekacin with the advantage of a single daily dose can be used as an empirical choice in severe sepsis as monotherapy or in combination with other antibiotics such as colistin or polymyxin to fight against MDR and XDR bugs.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PATIENT EDUCATION TO COPE UP DEPRESSION IN MENOPAUSAL STAGE
Authors: SANKAR U GANAPATHY , R MONISHA , DOSS CHRISTOPHER AMALRAJ VALLABA , RM PALANIVEL
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of education to combat depression in the menopausal stage.

Methods: Twenty menopausal women, aged 50–55 years were recruited through convenience sampling procedure from Kancheepuram. Zung self-rating depression scale was administered to all the participants.

Results: It revealed that there was a statistical difference in post-test after education on depression (t=13.413; p= 0.00) on menopausal women.

Conclusion: Depression is the common psychological symptoms that affect the women at menopausal age. The severity is due to a lack of knowledge about the symptoms and a lack of awareness to cope with the psychological symptoms.
MOOD IMPAIRMENTS IN ADULTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER
Authors: SANKAR U GANAPATHY , R MONISHA , DOSS CHRISTOPHER AMALRAJ VALLABA , RM PALANIVEL
Published: May 2020

Objective: Data on the consequences of adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in their life span is in debate and there is no clear and significant data remains. The current study was done to examine the existence or absence of mood impairments with DCD adults.

Methodology: Beck depression and Spielberger Anxiety Inventories were used as an outcome measure to evaluate the symptoms of anxiety and depression in 20 adults diagnosed with DCD with 20 typically developed peer-group population was used as a control.

Results: After statistical evaluation, it has been proved that adults with DCD experience enhanced symptoms of depression, anxiety than their age-matched peers.

Conclusion: This finding has added evidence that adults with DCD experience psychiatric distress and there is a need for consideration of intervention in DCD.
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN OF NOVEL ORAL INSULIN CONJUGATES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID ORAL INSULIN DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: REDDY JAYARAMA
Published: May 2020

Objective: Insulin is used to manage diabetes mellitus by subcutaneous injections regulary, that has become a part of patients life and is distressing for patients. Hence, we anticipate to get rid of the usage of subcutaneous injections completely from the medicine world and would make the diabetic people to say as “farewell to painful injections.”

Methods: Virtual screening method (for selection of carriers), Toxtree tool (for toxicity evaluation of carriers), and discovery studio tool (for pharmacophore designing, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity [ADMET] analysis, designing oral insulin conjugates (OICs), and interaction studies between insulin receptor and OICs) were used for proposed study.

Results: We have screened 14 competent drug delivering molecules (DDMs) from seven chemical compound databases. The ADMET and pharmacophoric properties of DDMs were analyzed by drug-informatics’ tools. Consequently, the DDMs were mono, di, and poly conjugated by covalent bonding with various binding sites of monomeric and hexameric form of human insulin and insulin-lispro (Humalog®) individually; and novel OICs were generated. Its binding efficiency and biological activity with insulin-receptor were determined.

Conclusion: Inulin and Vitamin-B1 are the novel, safe, and proficient carriers for oral delivery of insulin. Insulin lispro is the remarkable option for oral delivery than other insulin forms.
EVALUATION OF TOCOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS SEED EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON OXYTOCIN INDUCED PRETERM LABOR
Authors: M RAMASAMY , SEBASTIAN ANU , GEORGE ASHLY MERIN
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present investigation was aimed to determine the tocolytic activity of the aqueous seed extract of S. cumini (AESC) in animal models.

Methods: The in vitro antioxidant activity of AESC was evaluated by (1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) and (2,2’-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS radical scavenging assay which showed the hydrogen donating and free radical scavenging activity of extract that aids in the prevention of preterm labor. In vivo tocolytic activity of AESC was evaluated. The level of in vivo antioxidant parameters such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione was restored in the treated group compared to the control group. The AESC was subjected to pharmacological testing in vitro on a piece of isolated rat uterus previously pretreated with estradiol valerate, concentrations used were 80 mg/ml and 160 mg/ml.

Results: The study showed the promising radical scavenging activity of the extract due to hydrogen-donating ability of the formulation. In the current study, a significant increase in the rate of preterm delivery (PTD) of the control animals was observed when compared with the normal group. The AESC treated group has showed a significant reduction in the rate of PTD which was comparable with the standard treated group as well as the normal group. The study reveals that the extracts have been able to increase the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities while reducing the lipid peroxidation. The concentrations (80 mg/ml) and (160 mg/ml) produce 50.9% and 70.9 % inhibition, respectively.

Conclusion: The results indicate the presence of active principles in the AESC which may be responsible for the tocolytic activity.
Relación entre ansiedad matemática y rendimiento académico en matemáticas en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Villamizar Acevedo Gustavo , Araujo Arenas Tammi Yulien , Trujillo Calderón Wenddy Jurany
Published: May 2020

Esta investigación correlacional buscó identificar la relación entre ansiedad matemática y rendimiento académico en matemáticas. Se trabajó con 127 estudiantes de un colegio de secundaria de Colombia, 68 niñas y 59 niños, con edad promedio de 14.34 años, quienes respondieron la Escala de ansiedad matemática de Fennema-Sherman, la cual tiene un nivel de confiabilidad de .88. Los resultados mostraron que el promedio académico es 4.1, alto según los criterios establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia, que las niñas tienen un promedio más alto y que su nivel de ansiedad es mayor que los niños. En la relación ansiedad matemática vs. rendimiento académico en matemáticas, se halló una relación inversa, es decir a mayor ansiedad menor rendimiento académico. Como conclusión se propuso a las directivas del colegio diseñar un programa en pro de la modificación de respuestas emocionales, debido a que se evidenció en las niñas, la influencia de factores afectivos en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas.
Ocio digital y agenciamiento del bien-estar. Incertidumbre en hogares de clase media
Authors: Unás Camelo Viviam
Published: May 2020

Este artículo expone los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que estudió la vida cotidiana de un grupo de hogares de clase media en Cali, Colombia. La investigación se propuso relacionar dos aspectos en apariencia inconexos: la incertidumbre, expresada en suerte de inconsistencia posicional, que atraviesa la condición de clase media en el país y la centralidad que el ocio digital tiene en las rutinas de los hogares estudiados.  A modo de hipótesis se sugerirá que prácticas comunes a estos hogares, como la renovación frecuente de tecnologías y la asiduidad del ocio digital, pueden entenderse como dispositivos marcadores de distinción de clase y, también, como mecanismos de control sobre el presente y modos de compensar, por la vía de ampliar las condiciones de abundancia, el malestar que genera un futuro incierto.  Se espera así develar las tensiones que las capas medias experimentan y las prácticas compensatorias que agencian en tanto estrategias para su bienestar.
O ZONAL E O AZONAL NA INTERPRETAÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DOS GEOSSISTEMAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE LIMA DUARTE, ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA
Authors: Marques Neto Roberto
Published: May 2020

O domínio tropical atlântico do sudeste brasileiro apresenta compartimentos geomorfológicos montanhosos que se consubstanciam, sobretudo, em zonas de cisalhamento reativadas de forte expressão no relevo, o que engendra elementos azonais na estruturação dos geossistemas regionais. O município de Lima Duarte, localizado na Zona da Mata Mineira, apresenta distintamente uma interpenetração de componentes zonais e azonais na composição das paisagens que ocorrem no território municipal, sendo que o estudo destas paisagens pela óptica geossistêmica é que encerra os objetivos do presente artigo, cuja fundamentação teórica e metodológica se assenta nos pressupostos desenvolvidos na corrente moderna do pensamento geográfico russo-soviético.Palavras-chave: Geossistema. Lima Duarte. Cristas quartzíticas. Campos rupestres.THE ZONAL AND THE AZONAL IN THE INTERPRETATION AND IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYSTEMS IN THE CITY OF LIMA DUARTE, ZONA DA MATA OF MINAS GERAISAbstract: The Atlantic tropical domain on the Brazilian southeast presents geomorphological mountainous compartments that are consolidated mainly in reactivated shear zones with strong expression in the relief what engenders azonal elements in the regional geosystems structuration. The city of Lima Duarte located in Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais distinctively presents an interpenetration of zonal and azonal components in the composition of the landscapes occurring in the municipal territory wherein the studies of those landscapes in the geosystemic optics is what the objectives of the present article comprehends which theoretical and methodological substantiation is settled in the presuppositions developed in the Russian-Soviet scope.Keywords: Geosystem. Lima Duarte. Quartzitic combs. Rocks fields.EL ZONAL Y EL AZONAL EN LA INTERPRETACIÓN Y EN LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS GEOSISTEMAS DEL MUNICIPIO DE LIMA DUARTE, ZONA DE LA MATA MINERAResumen: El dominio tropical atlántico del sudeste brasileño presenta compartimentos geomorfológicos montañosos que se consubstancian sobre todo en zonas de cizallamiento reactivadas de fuerte expresión en el relieve, lo que engendra elementos azonales en la estructuración de los geosistemas regionales. El municipio de Lima Duarte, ubicado en la Zona de la Mata Minera, presenta claramente una interpenetración de componentes zonales y azonales en la composición de los paisajes que ocurren en el territorio municipal, siendo que el estudio de estos paisajes por la óptica geosistémica es que encierra los objetivos del presente artículo, cuya fundamentación teórica y metodológica se asienta en los presupuestos desarrollados en la corriente moderna del pensamiento geográfico ruso-soviético.Palabras- clave: Geosistema. Lima Duarte. Sierras quartzíticas Campos rupestres.
Reciprocity between Skeletal Muscle AMPK Deletion and Insulin Action in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Admin Ada , Lantier Louise , Williams Ashley S. , M.Williams Ian , Guerin Amanda , Bracy Deanna P. , Goelzer Mickael , Foretz Marc , Viollet Benoit , Hughey Curtis C. , Wasserman David H.
Published: May 2020

Insulin resistance
due to overnutrition places a burden on energy-producing pathways in skeletal
muscle (SkM). Nevertheless, energy state is not compromised. The hypothesis that
the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is necessary to offset
the metabolic burden of overnutrition was tested using chow-fed and high fat
(HF)-fed SkM-specific AMPKa1a2 knockout (mdKO) mice and AMPKa1a2lox/lox
littermates (WT). Lean mdKO and WT mice were phenotypically similar. HF-fed
mice were equally obese and maintained lean mass regardless of genotype. Results
did not support the hypothesis that AMPK is protective during overnutrition.
Paradoxically, mdKO mice were more insulin sensitive. Insulin-stimulated SkM glucose uptake was ~two-fold
greater in mdKO mice in vivo. Furthermore, insulin signaling, SkM GLUT4
translocation, hexokinase activity, and glycolysis were increased. AMPK and
insulin signaling intersect at mTOR, a critical node for cell proliferation and
survival. Basal mTOR activation was reduced by 50% in HF-fed mdKO mice, but was
normalized by insulin-stimulation. Mitochondrial function was impaired in mdKO
mice, but energy charge was preserved by AMP deamination. Results show a surprising
reciprocity between SkM AMPK signaling and insulin action that manifests with diet-induced
obesity, as insulin action is preserved to protect fundamental energetic
processes in the muscle.
Deep ultraviolet excimer laser processing for the micro via hole on semiconductor package
Authors: Kawasuji Yasufumi , Fujimoto Junichi , Kobayashi Masakazu , Suwa Akira , Mizutani Akira , Arakawa Masaki , Onose Takashi , Mizoguchi Hakaru
Published: May 2020

Moore's law has almost reached the limit of resolution on semiconductor die and, therefore, multidie packaging is one of the alternative solutions. Substrate materials currently use organic build-up films and silicon substrates [through silicon via (TSV)] in applications. But recently, organic films, too, have reached the resolution limit, and TSV is expensive. In this situation, nonalkali glass (glass) and fused silica (SiO2) substrates are expected to be good alternatives in high-frequency signal transfer applications like 5G telecommunication. But the via holes are hard to process with less defects (tips and cracks) on the glass and SiO2 substrates. Deep ultraviolet (DUV) excimer laser ablation is expected to have a finer (<10 μm) resolution with a shorter wavelength (248–193 nm) and also hard material processing with a higher photon energy (5–6.4 eV). Therefore, the authors have explored the application of the DUV excimer laser ablation process for a via hole on hard materials like glass and SiO2 substrates. In this study, they have investigated the via hole quality through the DUV excimer laser ablation process. The results show the possibilities of micromachining on both glass and SiO2 substrates. The authors have succeeded by achieving a value of <50 μm through the via hole grid aspect ratio of 6 on the glass substrate without any significant defects. As the ablation rate is quite an affordable value, DUV excimer lasers are expected to play a crucial role in the next-generation manufacturing process for semiconductor packages. The authors also investigate the SiO2 substrate with DUV excimer lasers.
Entitled
Authors: Lena Jennifer C.
Published: May 2020

Two centuries ago, wealthy entrepreneurs founded the American cathedrals of culture—museums, theater companies, and symphony orchestras—to mirror European art. But today's American arts scene has widened to embrace multitudes: photography, design, comics, graffiti, jazz, and many other forms of folk, vernacular, and popular culture. What led to this dramatic expansion? This book shows how organizational transformations in the American art world—amid a shifting political, economic, technological, and social landscape—made such change possible. By chronicling the development of American art from its earliest days to the present, the book demonstrates that while the American arts may be more open, they are still unequal. It examines key historical moments, such as the creation of the Museum of Primitive Art and the funneling of federal and state subsidies during the New Deal to support the production and display of culture. Charting the efforts to define American genres, styles, creators, and audiences, the book looks at the ways democratic values helped legitimate folk, vernacular, and commercial art, which was viewed as nonelite. Yet, even as art lovers have acquired an appreciation for more diverse culture, they carefully select and curate works that reflect their cosmopolitan, elite, and moral tastes.
Introduction: The Art of Engineering Prosperity in Unlikely Places
Authors: Lin Justin Yifu , Monga Célestin
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides a methodological approach that draws lessons and insights from economic history and theory and uses empirics from economic analysis and policy practice. It starts with an observation of the increasingly globalized world economy in which technological development allows the use of factors of production in locations that maximize returns and utility, and countries gain mutually by trading with each other if their strategies focus on revealed and latent comparative advantage. By following carefully selected lead countries, latecomers can emulate the leader–follower, flying-geese pattern that has well served economies since the eighteenth century. The prospects for sustained and inclusive growth are even greater for low-income economies that enjoy the benefits of backwardness. The chapter advocates implementing viable strategies to capture new opportunities for industrialization, which can enable low-income economies to set forth on a dynamic path of structural change and lead to poverty reduction and prosperity.
The Mechanics of Failure and the Secrets of Success
Authors: Lin Justin Yifu , Monga Célestin
Published: May 2020

This chapter analyzes the mechanics of failure and the secrets of economic success. Cesar Luis Menotti's strategy's main ingredients could serve as a metaphor for the basic argument in the chapter: any low-income country can achieve sustained and inclusive growth if it properly identifies its endowment structure and uses its most competitive factors to exploit its comparative advantage. The chapter starts with a presentation of the standard model of stabilization and structural adjustment, which has come to dominate development thinking and policy across the world and has survived several decades of critical research. It then explores reasons why the model has endured despite criticism from across the ideological spectrum, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. It also offers an analysis of why traditional policy frameworks derived from the standard model often do not yield results, and it stresses the need to focus growth strategies on coordination and externalities. The chapter ends with a discussion of one of the main side effects of the standard model and its growth prescriptions: the extreme dependence on foreign aid by many low-income economies, especially those in Africa.
Making the Most of Existing Circumstances
Authors: Lin Justin Yifu , Monga Célestin
Published: May 2020

This chapter evaluates lessons from development thinking and experience and identifies the main reasons why past intellectual and policy frameworks failed to yield the expected results. It offers a pragmatic blueprint for allowing low-income countries to ignite and sustain economic growth without preconditions. With the liberalization of trade in the 1980s and 1990s, many domestic manufacturers could not face competition and were wiped out. Early deindustrialization became a trend in most developing countries. However, when developing-country governments leverage export-processing zones to attract the relocation of export-processing light manufacturing from more advanced economies with rising wages, as the East Asian tiger did in the 1960s and China did in the 1980s, they were able to leap into the global market immediately. By attracting foreign direct investment and foreign firms in export-processing zones, poor countries can improve their trade logistics, benefit from knowledge transfer, and make their local firms gradually competitive in domestic and global markets.
Worlds Enough
Authors: Freedgood Elaine
Published: May 2020

Now praised for its realism and formal coherence, the Victorian novel was not always great, or even good, in the eyes of its critics. As this book reveals, it was only in the late 1970s that literary critics constructed a prestigious version of British realism, erasing more than a century of controversy about the value of Victorian fiction. Examining criticism of Victorian novels since the 1850s, this book demonstrates that while they were praised for their ability to bring certain social truths to fictional life, these novels were also criticized for their formal failures and compared unfavorably to their French and German counterparts. The book analyzes the characteristics of realism—denotation, omniscience, paratext, reference, and ontology—and the politics inherent in them, arguing that if critics displaced the nineteenth-century realist novel as the standard by which others are judged, literary history might be richer. It would allow peripheral literatures and the neglected wisdom of their critics to come fully into view. It concludes by questioning the aesthetic racism built into prevailing ideas about the centrality of realism in the novel, and how those ideas have affected debates about world literature. By re-examining the critical reception of the Victorian novel, the book suggests how we can rethink our practices and perceptions about books we think we know.