bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring a Mystery: The Unknown Right Ventricle during Left Ventricular Unloading with Impella in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Markus Birgit , Kreutz Julian , Chatzis Giorgios , Syntila Styliani , Choukeir Maryana , Schieffer Bernhard , Patsalis Nikolaos
Published: February 2024

Background: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction or failure occurs in more than 30% of patients in cardiogenic shock (CS). However, the importance of timely diagnosis of prognostically relevant impairment of RV function is often underestimated. Moreover, data regarding the impact of mechanical circulatory support like the Impella on RV function are rare. Here, we investigated the effects of the left ventricular (LV) Impella on RV function. Moreover, we aimed to identify the most optimal and the earliest applicable parameter for bedside monitoring of RV function by comparing the predictive abilities of three common RV function parameters: the pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), the ratio of right atrial pressure to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (RA/PCWP), and the right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI). Methods: The data of 50 patients with CS complicating myocardial infarction, supported with different flow levels of LV Impella, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Enhancing Impella flow (1.5 to 2.5 L/min ± 0.4 L/min) did not lead to a significant variation in PAPi (p = 0.717), RA/PCWP (p = 0.601), or RVSWI (p = 0.608), indicating no additional burden for the RV. PAPi revealed the best ability to connect RV function with global hemodynamic parameters, i.e., cardiac index (CI; p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.181–0.663), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP; p = 0.005, 95% CI: −6.721–−1.26), central venous pressure (CVP; p < 0.001, 95% CI: −7.89–5.575), and indicators of tissue perfusion (central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2); p = 0.008, 95% CI: 1.096–7.196). Conclusions: LV Impella does not impair RV function. Moreover, PAPi seems to be to the most effective and valid predictor for early bedside monitoring of RV function.
Association between Boarding of Frail Individuals in the Emergency Department and Mortality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Iozzo Pasquale , Spina Noemi , Cannizzaro Giovanna , Gambino Valentina , Patinella Agostina , Bambi Stefano , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria , Latina Roberto
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Older patients who attend emergency departments are frailer than younger patients and are at a high risk of adverse outcomes; (2) Methods: To conduct this systematic review, we adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. We systematically searched literature from PubMed, Embase, OVID Medline®, Scopus, CINAHL via EBSCOHost, and the Cochrane Library up to May 2023, while for grey literature we used Google Scholar. No time restrictions were applied, and only articles published in English were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of the studies and extracted relevant data from the articles that met our predefined inclusion criteria. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to assess the quality of the studies; (3) Results: Evidence indicates that prolonged boarding of frail individuals in crowded emergency departments (Eds) is associated with adverse outcomes, exacerbation of pre-existing conditions, and increased mortality risk; (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that frail individuals are at risk of longer ED stays and higher mortality rates. However, the association between the mortality of frail patients and the amount of time a patient spends in exposure to the ED environment has not been fully explored. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
The Effects of Home Automation on Personal and Social Autonomies in Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Maresca Giuseppa , Latella Desirèe , Formica Caterina , Veneziani Isabella , Ielo Augusto , Quartarone Angelo , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , De Cola Maria Cristina
Published: February 2024

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe and progressive neurological condition caused by trauma to the nervous system, resulting in lifelong disability and severe comorbidities. This condition imposes serious limitations on everyday life, interfering with patients’ social lives and compromising their quality of life, psychological well-being, and daily living activities. Rehabilitation is essential to helping SCI patients gain more independence in their daily routines. Home automation (HA) systems provide personalized support to users, allowing them to manage various aspects of their living environment, promoting independence and well-being. This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of an HA system in enhancing personal and social autonomies in SCI patients, resulting in improved cognitive function and reduced anxiety–depressive symptoms compared to traditional training. Methods: We enrolled 50 SCI patients undergoing neurorehabilitation at IRCCS Centro Neurolesi (Messina, Italy). These patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). The CG received traditional training, while the EG underwent HA training. We evaluated the patients before (T0) and after (T1) rehabilitation using various scales, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A), the 12-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-12), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), and the EQ-5D-5L. Results: The effect of the experimental treatment showed an improvement in all patients test scores in the EG, especially regarding cognitive functions, mood disorders, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HA may be effective in improving daily autonomy and, in turn, alleviating mood disorders and enhancing psychological well-being.
Entero-Cutaneous and Entero-Atmospheric Fistulas: Insights into Management Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Pepe Gilda , Chiarello Maria Michela , Bianchi Valentina , Fico Valeria , Altieri Gaia , Tedesco Silvia , Tropeano Giuseppe , Molica Perla , Di Grezia Marta , Brisinda Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

Enteric fistulas are a common problem in gastrointestinal tract surgery and remain associated with significant mortality rates, due to complications such as sepsis, malnutrition, and electrolyte imbalance. The increasingly widespread use of open abdomen techniques for the initial treatment of abdominal sepsis and trauma has led to the observation of so-called entero-atmospheric fistulas. Because of their clinical complexity, the proper management of enteric fistula requires a multidisciplinary team. The main goal of the treatment is the closure of enteric fistula, but also mortality reduction and improvement of patients’ quality of life are fundamental. Successful management of patients with enteric fistula requires the establishment of controlled drainage, management of sepsis, prevention of fluid and electrolyte depletion, protection of the skin, and provision of adequate nutrition. Many of these fistulas will heal spontaneously within 4 to 6 weeks of conservative management. If closure is not accomplished after this time point, surgery is indicated. Despite advances in perioperative care and nutritional support, the mortality remains in the range of 15 to 30%. In more recent years, the use of negative pressure wound therapy for the resolution of enteric fistulas improved the outcomes, so patients can be successfully treated with a non-operative approach. In this review, our intent is to highlight the most important aspects of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of patients with enterocutaneous or entero-atmospheric fistulas.
Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Au-Pd/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites via the Controlled Oxidation of Graphene Sheets
Authors: Alshammari Abdullah S. , Abd Alfatah Alaa , Alabdi Muhammad M.
Published: February 2024

Nanocomposite materials have demonstrated excellent performance in many application fields. Metal nanoparticle/graphene oxide composites are among the most promising composite materials for catalytic applications. In this study, nanocomposites of Au-Pd bimetallic particles/graphene oxide were prepared from an aqueous bath and used as catalysts in the oxidation reactions of some chemical compounds. The oxidation and exfoliation of graphite were controlled by varying the acid treatment time. The effects of the treatment time on the properties and performance of the prepared bimetallic-nanoparticle-supported graphene oxide catalysts were very obvious. Depending on the treatment time, a significant improvement in the conversion efficiency ranging from 65% to about 480%, along with a high oxidation selectivity, were achieved. The obtained findings show that the catalytic performance of metal/graphene oxide nanocomposites can be easily maximized by controlling the oxidation and exfoliation of graphene sheets.
Iron Oxide (Magnetite)-Based Nanobiomaterial with Medical Applications—Environmental Hazard Assessment Using Terrestrial Model Species
Authors: Gomes Susana I. L. , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J. , Amorim Mónica J. B.
Published: February 2024

Nanobiomaterials (NBMs) have tremendous potential applications including in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the health and environmental effects of NBMs must be thoroughly assessed to ensure safety. Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were one of the focus NBMs within the EU project BIORIMA. Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA has been proposed to be used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging for the identification of solid tumors and has revealed low cytotoxicity in several cell lines. However, the effects of Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA have not been assessed in terrestrial environments, the eventual final sink of most materials. In the present study, the effects of Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA and its precursor, (un-coated) Fe3O4 NMs, were assessed in soil model invertebrates Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) and Folsomia candida (Collembola). The endpoints were survival, reproduction, and size, based on the standard OECD test (28 days) and its extension (56 days). The results showed no toxicity for any of the endpoints evaluated, indicating that the NBM Fe3O4 PEG-PLGA poses no unacceptable risk to the terrestrial environment.
The Interplay between Dyslipidemia and Neighboring Developments in Coronary Artery Disease Progression: A Personalized Approach
Authors: Urbanowicz Tomasz , Skotak Krzysztof , Olasińska-Wiśniewska Anna , Filipiak Krzysztof J. , Bratkowski Jakub , Krasińska Beata , Krasiński Zbigniew , Tykarski Andrzej , Jemielity Marek
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Estimates suggest that up to 10% of global annual cardiovascular deaths could be related to environmental factors. Not only air pollution components, but also noise exposure and climate changes, are highlighted as nontraditional causes of cardiovascular morbidity. The aim of this study was to identify possible urbanization risk factors for the progression of coronary artery disease in a group of patients with chronic coronary syndrome. (2) Method: There were 77 patients (50 (65%) males and 27 (35%) females) with a median age of 70 (60–74) years who underwent repetitive angiography due to chronic coronary syndrome between 2018 and 2022. The Gensini score was calculated for assessment of coronary artery disease advancement. Environmental factors including neighboring developments were taken into account in this analysis, including housing, commercial, and industrial developments within 300, 500, and 700 m distances (buffer) from the place of habitation. (3) Results: The multivariable analysis results for prediction of Gensini score progression in relation to 700 m buffer urbanization pointed out the significance of hyperlipidemia (OR: 4.24, 95% CI 1.34–13.39, p = 0.014), initial Gensini score (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.05, p = 0.112), and neighborhood housing (OR: 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.49, p = 0.025). (4) Conclusions: Hyperlipidemia and housing neighborhood can be regarded as possible factors for coronary disease progression in patients with chronic coronary syndrome with the use of optimal medical therapy.
The Head-Up Tilt Table Test as a Measure of Autonomic Functioning among Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Jason Leonard A. , McGarrigle William J. , Vermeulen Ruud C. W.
Published: February 2024

Individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) often experience autonomic symptoms. In the present study, we evaluated 193 adults seeking treatment for ME/CFS, who were recruited from an outpatient clinic. The participants completed a head-up tilt table test to assess two common types of orthostatic intolerance, namely, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and orthostatic hypotension (OH). During the tilt test, 32.5% of the participants demonstrated POTS or OH. The participants with either of these two common types of orthostatic intolerance were found to have more problems with sleep and post-exertional malaise as assessed by the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire; these patients also reported more physical and health function limitations. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Management of “De Novo” Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cîmpeanu Maria-Cristina , Roman Nadinne , Grigorescu Simona , Grigorescu Ovidiu-Dan , Miclăuș Roxana Steliana
Published: February 2024

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common entrapment neuropathy that can occur in the upper limbs during pregnancy. However, it is often undervalued and underdiagnosed because the symptoms can be mistaken for regular changes during pregnancy. Delay or absence of diagnosis and treatment can lead to permanent nerve damage, which can affect a woman’s quality of life during and after pregnancy. Although the treatment protocols are well established for carpal tunnel syndrome in patients from the general population, there is a different situation among pregnant and postpartum women that requires a preventive and personalized approach to manage this pathology. Unfortunately, the range of available treatment options is limited due to the pregnant woman’s physiological status and influenced by the high possibility of the complete resolution of this pathology in the postpartum period without any treatment. To limit the possibility of unfavorable evolution of this syndrome during pregnancy, an early diagnosis and personalized approach are mandatory in each case involving a multidisciplinary team of general practitioners, obstetricians, hand surgeons, rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists.
Land Use Carbon Emissions or Sink: Research Characteristics, Hotspots and Future Perspectives
Authors: Liu Lina , Qu Jiansheng , Gao Feng , Maraseni Tek Narayan , Wang Shaojian , Aryal Suman , Zhang Zhenhua , Wu Rong
Published: February 2024

The land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector, as a source and a sink of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is critical for achieving carbon neutrality. Many academic journals have published papers on land use carbon emission or sink (LUCES), but LUCES reviews are relatively rare, which poses great challenges in accurately understanding the research progress and future prospects. This work analyzes the research characteristics, hotspots and future perspectives of LUCES research by using a bibliometric analysis (such as DDA, VOSviewer, CiteSpace software) and a review based on the data (6115 scientific papers) during 1991–2023 from the Web of Science (WoS) platform. We found that (1) over the past 33 years, it first presented a steady growth, then fluctuating growth, and finally a rapid growth trend in the yearly number of publications in LUCES research. The USA (17.31%), China (14.96%), and the UK (7.37%) occupy a dominant position in this research field. (2) The related LUCES research is interdisciplinary, which mainly cover science and technology, meteorology and atmospheric sciences, geology, and environmental sciences and ecology disciplines. (3) The research hotspot analysis on LUCES shows that these articles mostly covered the follow three aspects: ecosystem services, climate change, and carbon neutrality. (4) A review of the past LUCES literature suggests that it is mainly focused on exploring the forefront issues in terms of the definition and boundaries, evaluation method and influencing factors, etc. This work suggests that further research could explore the main scientific problems on quantification of land-based carbon neutrality, quantitative analysis of the impact mechanisms, as well as interdisciplinary research and collaborative governance needed for carbon neutrality.
Scenario Analysis of Green Infrastructure to Adapt Medium-Size Cities to Climate Change: The Case of Zaragoza, Spain
Authors: Hanna Elie , Felipe-Lucia María R. , Comín Francisco A.
Published: February 2024

Planning a well-structured urban green infrastructure (UGI) is essential for cities to counteract the impacts of climate change. Soil carbon and air temperature differences between open and plant-covered sites were used as proxies of carbon sequestration (CS) and temperature regulation (TR) to evaluate the current conditions of UGI in Zaragoza, a medium-sized city in northeastern Spain. Alternative scenarios were constructed, after a stakeholder consultation, at both city and municipal (city plus peri-urban zone) scales, extrapolating the highest values of CS and TR to two groups of UGI types grouped based on the state of their ecological functioning. We employed analysis of variance to compare mean values of CS and TR across diverse scenarios at both city and municipality scales. Statistically significant differences were found in city-scale and municipality-scale scenarios for both CS and TR. Multiplying CS by area did not show significant variation in city scale. Significant differences were found when multiplying TR by area at both scales, with exceptions in certain scenario combinations. These results suggest favoring the restoration of UGI sites in peri-urban zones (such as forests and steppe zones) to increase CS and those in densely urbanized zones (such as urban parks) to provide TR benefits.
Trial-Level and Contiguous Syntactic Adaptation: A Common Domain-General Mechanism at Play?
Authors: Kuz Varvara , Cai Fangzhou , Chen Keyue , Chen Jiaxin , Qi Xuzi , Veall Clement , Zheng Yuanqi , Xu Zhengping , Santi Andrea
Published: February 2024

Garden-path sentences generate processing difficulty due to a more preferred parse conflicting with incoming parsing information. A domain-general cognitive control mechanism has been argued to help identify and resolve these parsing conflicts. This cognitive control mechanism has been argued to underlie adaptation to garden path processing at the trial level (conflict adaptation) and contiguously over the experiment (syntactic adaptation) in independent literature. The strongest evidence for its domain generality comes from garden-path processing being facilitated when preceded by a non-syntactic conflict (e.g., Stroop). This has been reliably observed in the visual world paradigm, which, like Stroop, requires irrelevant visual information to be suppressed. We tested the domain generality of conflict adaptation and its relationship to contiguous syntactic adaptation across four experiments (n = 562). To eliminate the visual object confound, the Stroop task was followed by a sentence-reading task. We observed Stroop and ambiguity effects, but no conflict adaptation in each experiment. Contiguous syntactic adaptation was replicated and most compatible with the parser changing its expectations and/or improving revision. While the data largely fail to support a domain-general cognitive control mechanism, a language-specific one could operate in both trial and contiguous syntactic adaptation and is worth future exploration.
Influence of Glyceryl Monostearate Adsorption on the Lubrication Behavior of a Slider Bearing
Authors: Xu Qiaoni , Jing Zhaogang , Du Shijie , Guo Feng , Mu Ruitao
Published: February 2024

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) was used as an organic friction modifier (OFM) and added to the base oil (PAO10, polyα-olefin) in this study. The film thickness and friction coefficient of the base oil added with GMS (PAO10G) under different slider inclinations and loads were investigated experimentally by using a slider-on-disc contact lubricant film measurement system, and the effect of the adsorption of GMS on the friction behavior of lubricant was studied. Contact angle hysteresis (CAH) was used to evaluate the wettability of the solid–liquid interface, and its correlation with the coefficient of friction was analyzed. The results show that CAH is in good agreement with the wettability of the solid–liquid interface. Compared with the base oil, the wettability of POA10G is weak, which can effectively reduce the coefficient of friction. However, different from the classical lubrication theory, the film thickness of PAO10G is higher than that of PAO10; this unusual phenomenon is preliminarily explained by the interface slippage in this paper.
Modeling of the Combined Effect of the Surface Roughness and Coatings in Contact Interaction
Authors: Goryacheva Irina , Yakovenko Anastasiya
Published: February 2024

The model of indentation of a spherical punch with a rough surface into a thin elastic layer lying on an elastic half-space has been developed. A numerical-analytical solution is suggested based on the two-scales approach. At macroscale, the integral equation of the second kind is reduced to calculate the nominal contact characteristics, taking into account the surface layer thickness and its mechanical characteristics, as well as additional compliance due to surface roughness calculated from the microscale analysis. The influence of the punch roughness and the surface layer mechanical and geometrical characteristics on the nominal contact pressure distribution, on the nominal contact area and the indentation depth, as well as on the real contact area and pressures at the individual contact spots, is analyzed. The developed contact model can be used to analyze the indentation of the punch into the layered elastic base, taking into account the roughness of the punch surface, and can also be used to give a complete analysis of the roughness effect on the contact process at both scale levels. The results can be used to control the indentation of the rough-coated bodies.
Investigating Failure Modes and Performance Impacts of Wet Clutches in Automotive Limited Slip Differentials
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Voelkel Katharina , Pflaum Hermann , Stahl Karsten
Published: February 2024

In the design of rear-axle locking differentials, the desired high locking effect is often achieved using wet multi-plate clutches. This study conducts an in-depth investigation into the spontaneous damage behavior of these clutches through a series of methodical experimental tests. It focuses on three different clutch variants, each equipped with organic friction linings—namely, paper-based, carbon composite, and woven carbon—and undertakes a comparative analysis of their respective damage typologies. The experimental analysis identifies and characterizes patterns of damage, notably the buckling of steel plates and the detachment of lining. Moreover, the study thoroughly examines and compares the friction and temperature behavior under the high load conditions applied to these three friction systems. Concurrent temperature measurements enable the establishment of robust temperature-based criteria for predicting and understanding damage behavior.
Comparative Study of Anti-Corrosion Properties of Different Types of Press-Hardened Steels
Authors: Peng Hao , Zhao Yunlong , Fu Wanwan , Chen Zhishan , Zhang Man , Liu Jiesheng , Tan Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

Hot stamping (or press hardening) is a new technology that is widely used in the production of advanced high-strength steel parts for automotive applications. Electrochemical measurements, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and accelerated corrosion tests (the neutral salt spray test and periodic immersion test) were conducted on press-hardened samples produced from uncoated (cold-rolled and cold strip production (CSP) hot-rolled) and Al–Si-coated press-hardened steels to elucidate their distinct anti-corrosion mechanisms. The cross-sectional micromorphology and element distribution of three types of press-hardened steels after a neutral salt spray test were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The corrosion resistance of Al–Si-coated press-hardened steel was found to be significantly diminished following the hot stamping process due to the presence of microcracks and elevated iron content in the coating subsequent to austenitizing heat treatment. On the other hand, the corrosion resistance of uncoated press-hardened sheets produced from cold-rolled and CSP hot-rolled press-hardened steel was found to be proximal due to their nearly identical composition and microstructure (fully martensite) after the hot stamping process. Considering the high efficiency and energy-saving properties of hot-rolled press-hardened steel, it holds the potential to replace cold-rolled and even aluminum–silicon-coated press-hardened steel in automobile manufacturing.
Study on Condition Monitoring of Pitch Bearings Based on Stress Measurement
Authors: Wu Zian , Yang Wenxian , Song Xiaoping , Wei Kexiang
Published: February 2024

Pitch bearings in wind turbines are crucial components that enable safe blade pitching, optimize electrical power output, and ensure turbine protection. Traditional vibration analysis-based methods used for high-speed bearings are not applicable to monitoring pitch bearings, due to its slow non-integer cycle rotation. To address this issue, a stress-based pitch bearing monitoring method is proposed in this paper. First, finite element analysis is conducted to establish the relationship between the maximum surface stress on the outer race of the pitch bearing and the presence of cracks. This relationship allows the identification of cracks on the outer race and an assessment of their severity based on the value of the maximum surface stress. Second, the outer race of the pitch bearing is divided into several segments, and a singularity detection technique is employed to locate the position of cracks on the outer race based on the stresses measured from the segments. To verify the proposed method, a wind turbine pitch bearing test rig was developed in a laboratory. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method can effectively and accurately identify and locate cracks on the outer race of the bearing, thereby demonstrating its great potential as a reliable approach for monitoring the condition of wind turbine pitch bearings.
Study on Dynamic Coupling Behavior of End-Meshing Harmonic Reducers
Authors: Liu Tongliang , Wen Jianmin , Chen Yingda
Published: February 2024

To study the coupling mechanism and dynamic responses of an end-face-movable gear transmission system under complex excitation, a specific configuration of end-meshing, movable-gear reduction mechanism was used to achieve predetermined rigid-thrust-transmission and mismatched-gear-meshing functions, which solved the inherent defects of traditional harmonic gear mechanisms of thin-wall-flexible wheels that are easily damaged by fatigue. Considering the phenomenon of elastic deformation of live teeth that is accompanied by significant changes in meshing characteristics in the transmission process of an end-meshing harmonic reducer, the influences of dynamic meshing parameters, live tooth deformation, time-varying stiffness of tooth meshing, and time-varying backlash on nonlinear dynamic performance were explored, as well as the mechanisms of multi-parameter coupling effects on transmission performance. The nonlinear dynamics model of the end-meshing harmonic reducer was established to solve the chattering prediction problem. Finally, a comprehensive test bed for the transmission system of a harmonic reducer with a meshing type with an adjustable-characteristic end was built to verify the correctness of the theoretical model and provide the theoretical and technical basis for exploring the optimal parameter selection to address the passive vibration-suppression problem.
Two Approximation Formulas for Gamma Function with Monotonic Remainders
Authors: Mahmoud Mansour , Almuashi Hanan
Published: February 2024

In this paper, two new approximation formulas with monotonic remainders for the gamma function have been presented. Also, we present some numerical comparisons between our new approximation formulas and some known ones, which demonstrate the superiority of our results.
A Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Self-Management Intervention for Improving Patient-Reported Outcomes in Primary Care in Greece
Authors: Tsaousi Filothei , Bouloukaki Izolde , Christodoulakis Antonios , Ierodiakonou Despo , Tzanakis Nikos , Tsiligianni Ioanna
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Self-management programs are essential for increasing COPD patient participation and autonomy in making appropriate decisions about their chronic condition. The present study aimed to assess the impact of COPD self-management interventions on quality of life, functional status, patient education, depression, and anxiety in primary care. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial recruiting patients with COPD (GOLD A and B) from four primary care centers in Crete, Greece, with one intervention group (n = 40) receiving self-management educational support and one control group (n = 80) receiving usual care. To measure quality of life, functional status, patient education, depression, and anxiety, we used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at baseline and 6 months post-intervention, including the Short-Form Health survey (SF-12), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), mMRC, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory, Health Education Impact Questionnaire (HeiQ), and Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Results: At the end of the 6-month intervention, most PROMs improved significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05) but did not show significant changes in the control group. The greatest improvements at follow-up compared to baseline measurements were observed for dyspnea (mMRC—38.6%), anxiety (BAI—35%), depression (BDI—20.2%), COPD health status (CCQ—34.1%), and the actively managing my health subscale of HLQ (23.5%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a self-management intervention could be an effective strategy for improving PROMs in primary care. Although more research is needed to identify the long-term effects of such interventional programs, policymakers could implement similar programs to improve the overall health of these patients.
The Evolution of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Journey from Past to Present
Authors: Wong Anthony Xi Jie , Tang Derek Haowen , Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong
Published: February 2024

Lumbar interbody fusion procedures have seen a significant evolution over the years, with various approaches being developed to address spinal pathologies and instability, including posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), and lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). LLIF, a pivotal technique in the field, initially emerged as extreme/direct lateral interbody fusion (XLIF/DLIF) before the development of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). To ensure comprehensive circumferential stability, LLIF procedures are often combined with posterior stabilization (PS) using pedicle screws. However, achieving this required repositioning of the patient during the surgical procedure. The advent of single-position surgery (SPS) has revolutionized the procedure by eliminating the need for patient repositioning. With SPS, LLIF along with PS can be performed either in the lateral or prone position, resulting in significantly reduced operative time. Ongoing research endeavors are dedicated to further enhancing LLIF procedures making them even safer and easier. Notably, the integration of robotic technology into SPS has emerged as a game-changer, simplifying surgical processes and positioning itself as a vital asset for the future of spinal fusion surgery. This literature review aims to provide a succinct summary of the evolutionary trajectory of lumbar interbody fusion techniques, with a specific emphasis on its recent advancements.
Hybrid Single Lap Joints between 3D Printed Titanium Lattices and CFRP Composites: Experimental and Numerical Insights
Authors: Corrado Andrea , De Biasi Raffaele , Rigotti Daniele , Stecca Fabrizio , Pegoretti Alessandro , Benedetti Matteo
Published: February 2024

In the contemporary emphasis on weight reduction, the utilization of advanced materials like Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) and cutting-edge technologies such as 3D printing of metal is increasingly crucial. This study delves into the junction of CFRP and titanium, aiming to conduct Single Lap shear tests on specimens featuring a co-lamination of long fiber composite onto a metal lattice structure. Different specimens with different dimensions of the Simple Cubic (SC) unit cell were subjected to testing. A microscope investigation facilitated an exploration of junction failure and epoxy resin infiltration into the lattice substrate. Employing an efficient 2D Finite Element Model, the homogenization process yielded theoretical models underestimating the Young Modulus by approximately 10% compared to real specimens. Despite the challenges in bonding titanium and CFRP, the novel junction exhibited a shear stress of 17.25 MPa, which is nearly equivalent to those of a co-lamination between sandblasted steel and CFRP, that is 17.15 MPa.
Epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Emergence in the Southeast Brazilian Population
Authors: Rodrigues Evandra Strazza , Slavov Svetoslav Nanev , de La Roque Debora Glenda Lima , Santos Elaine Vieira , Borges Josiane Serrano , Evaristo Mariane , da Costa Péricles Natan Mendes , de Matos Maçonetto Juliana , Marques Adriana Aparecida , Baccarin Anemarie Dinarte , Oliveira Renata Aparecida Machado , Junior Wilson Lau , Benincasa Bruno Iglesias , de Andrade da Cruz Luana Martins , Lima Alex Ranieri Jerônimo , Ribeiro Gabriela , Viala Vincent Louis , de Lima Loyze Paola Oliveira , Martins Antonio Jorge , dos Santos Barros Claudia Renata , Marqueze Elaine Cristina , de Souza Todao Bernardino Jardelina , Grotto Rejane Maria Tommasini , Souza-Neto Jayme A. , Fonseca Vagner , Nogueira Maurício Lacerda , Fukumasu Heidge , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Calado Rodrigo Tocantins , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Giovanetti Marta , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Sampaio Sandra Coccuzzo , Elias Maria Carolina , Kashima Simone
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological characteristics and perform SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in the southeastern region of São Paulo State. During the first months of 2022, we compared weekly SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence considering age, Ct value, and variants’ lineages. An increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2-positive cases until the fourth epidemiological week of 2022 was observed. From the fourth epidemiological week onwards, the number of tests for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis began to decrease, but the number of positive samples for SARS-CoV-2 remained high, reaching its most expressive level with a rate of 60% of infected individual cases. In this period, we observed a progressive increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection within the 0–10 age group throughout the epidemiological weeks, from 2.8% in the first epidemiological week to 9.2% in the eighth epidemiological week of 2022. We further observed significantly higher Ct values within younger patient samples compared to other older age groups. According to lineage assignment, SARS-CoV-2 (BA.1) was the most prevalent (74.5%) in the younger group, followed by BA.1.1 (23%), BA.2 (1.7%), and Delta (1%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that BA.2 sequences clustered together, indicating sustained transmission of this Omicron VOC sub-lineage by that time. Our results suggest the initial dissemination steps of the Omicron’s sub-linage BA.2 into the younger group, due to specific genomic features of the detected sequences. These data provide interesting results related to the spread, emergence, and evolution of the Omicron variant in the southeast Brazilian population.
Effect of Diacetylcurcumin Manganese Complex on Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondria Dysfunction, and Inflammation in the SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s Disease Cell Model
Authors: Pirunkaset Ekanong , Boonyarat Chantana , Maneenet Juthamart , Khamphukdee Charinya , Daodee Supawadee , Monthakantirat Orawan , Awale Suresh , Kijjoa Anake , Chulikhit Yaowared
Published: February 2024

Diacetylcurcumin manganese complex (DiAc-Cp-Mn) is a diacetylcurcumin (DiAc-Cp) derivative synthesized with Mn (II) to mimic superoxide dismutase (SOD). It exhibited superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging efficacy, particularly for the superoxide radical. The present study investigated the ROS scavenging activity, neuroprotective effects, and underlying mechanism of action of DiAc-Cp-Mn in a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease. This study utilized rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells to assess the activities of DiAc-Cp-Mn by measuring cell viability, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), SOD, and catalase (CAT) activities. The mRNA expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), which are oxidative and inflammatory genes, were also evaluated to clarify the molecular mechanism. The results of the in vitro assays showed that DiAc-Cp-Mn exhibited greater scavenging activity against superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals compared to DiAc-Cp. In cell-based assays, DiAc-Cp-Mn demonstrated greater neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity when compared to its parent compound, DiAc-Cp. DiAc-Cp-Mn maintained MMP levels, reduced intracellular ROS levels, and increased the activities of SOD and CAT by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. In addition, DiAc-Cp-Mn exerted its anti-inflammatory impact by down-regulating the mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-1β that provoked neuro-inflammation. The current study indicates that DiAc-Cp-Mn protects against rotenone-induced neuronal damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Spherical Lignin-Derived Activated Carbons for the Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Media
Authors: Łątka Piotr , Olszański Bazyli , Żurowska Magdalena , Dębosz Marek , Rokicińska Anna , Kuśtrowski Piotr
Published: February 2024

In this work, a synthesis and activation path, which enabled the preparation of spherical activated carbon from a lignin precursor, characterized by high adsorption capacity in the removal of phenolic compounds from water, was successfully developed. Two industrial by-products, i.e., Kraft lignin and sodium lignosulfonate, were used to form spherical nanometric lignin grains using pH and solvent shift methods. The obtained materials became precursors to form porous activated carbons via chemical activation (using K2CO3 or ZnCl2 as activating agents) and carbonization (in the temperature range of 600–900 °C). The thermal stabilization step at 250 °C was necessary to ensure the sphericity of the grains during high-temperature heat treatment. The study investigated the influence of the type of chemical activator used, its quantity, and the method of introduction into the lignin precursor, along with the carbonization temperature, on various characteristics including morphology (examined by scanning electron microscopy), the degree of graphitization (evaluated by powder X-ray diffraction), the porosity (assessed using low-temperature N2 adsorption), and the surface composition (analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) of the produced carbons. Finally, the carbon materials were tested as adsorbents for removing phenol from an aqueous solution. A conspicuous impact of microporosity and a degree of graphitization on the performance of the investigated adsorbents was found.
Study on the Regeneration of Waste FCC Catalyst by Boron Modification
Authors: Yuan Chengyuan , Chen Qiang , Li Zhongfu , Zhang Jingyan , Liu Conghua
Published: February 2024

Regeneration has been considered as an ideal way for the post-treatment of waste FCC catalyst (ECat). In this work, the degeneration mechanism of ECat was firstly researched and attributed to the increasing of strong acid sites accessibility of ECat in contrast with fresh FCC catalyst by adsorption FTIR. Based on the proposed degeneration mechanism, ECat was successfully regenerated through suitable weakening for strong acid sites by boron modification. Characterization and evaluation results suggested that, the strong acid sites of regenerated ECat (R-ECat) were apparently decreased by boron modification which had significantly improve the heavy oil catalytic cracking performance of R-ECat. Because of the excellent performance, R-ECat in this work could successfully substitute for partial fresh FCC catalyst in FCC unit, which would provide a practicable way for the reutilization of ECat.
Ionic Liquids as Reconditioning Agents for Paper Artifacts
Authors: Croitoru Catalin , Roata Ionut Claudiu
Published: February 2024

This research explores the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) in restoring paper artifacts, particularly an aged book sample. Three distinct ILs—1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-methyl-3-heptylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide —both in their pure form and isopropanol mixtures, were examined for their specific consumption in conjunction with paper, with 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide displaying the highest absorption. Notably, the methyl-3-heptylimidazolium ionic liquid displayed pronounced deacidification capabilities, elevating the paper pH close to a neutral 7. The treated paper exhibited significant color enhancements, particularly with 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs, as evidenced by CIE-Lab* parameters. An exploration of ILs as potential UV stabilizers for paper unveiled promising outcomes, with 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium IL demonstrating minimal yellowing post-UV irradiation. FTIR spectra elucidated structural alterations, underscoring the efficacy of ILs in removing small-molecular additives and macromolecules. The study also addressed the preservation of inked artifacts during cleaning, showcasing ILs’ ability to solubilize iron gall ink, particularly the one with the 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium cation. While exercising caution for prolonged use on inked supports is still recommended, ILs are shown here to be valuable for cleaning ink-stained surfaces, establishing their effectiveness in paper restoration and cultural heritage preservation.
Enhancing the Efficacy of Chiral Ligands and Catalysts: Siloxane-Substituted Oxazoline Ferrocenes as Next-Generation Candidates
Authors: Dai Li , Zhao Li , Xu Di , Yang Chen , Zhang Xin-Kuan
Published: February 2024

Since the discovery of classical chiral oxazoline ferrocene ligands in 1995, they have become pivotal in transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations. Over the past decade, a notable evolution has been observed with the emergence of siloxane-substituted oxazoline ferrocenes, demonstrating significant potential as chiral ligands and catalysts. These compounds have consistently delivered exceptional results in diverse and mechanistically distinct transformations, surpassing the capabilities of classical oxazoline ferrocene ligands. This review meticulously delineates the research progress on siloxane-substituted oxazoline ferrocene compounds. It encompasses the synthesis of crucial precursors and desired products, highlights their achievements in asymmetric catalysis reactions, and delves into the exploration of the derivatization of these compounds, emphasizing the introduction of ionophilic groups and their impact on the recovery of transition metal catalysts. In addition to presenting the current state of knowledge, this review propels future research directions by identifying potential topics for further investigation concerning the siloxane-tagged derivatives. These derivatives are poised to be promising candidates for the next generation of highly efficient ligands and catalysts.
Enhanced Adsorption of Trace Ethylene on Ag/NZ5 Modified with Ammonia: Hierarchical Structure and Metal Dispersion Effects
Authors: Qi Ying , Yang Huaming , Li Chunli , Li Hao
Published: February 2024

Trace ethylene poses a significant challenge during the storage and transportation of agricultural products, causing over-ripening, reducing shelf life, and leading to food waste. Zeolite-supported silver adsorbents show promise for efficiently removing trace ethylene. Herein, hierarchical Ag/NZ5(X) adsorbents were prepared via different ammonia modifications, which featured enhanced ethylene adsorption ability. Ag/NZ5(2.5) exhibited the largest capacity and achieved near-complete removal at room temperature with prolonged efficacy. Characterization results indicated that the ammonia modification led to the formation of a hierarchical structure in the zeolite framework, reducing diffusion resistance and increasing the accessibility of the active sites. Additionally, desilication effects increased the defectiveness, generating a stronger metal–support interaction and resulting in a higher metal dispersion rate. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of efficient adsorbents for removing trace ethylene, thereby reducing food waste and extending the shelf life of agricultural products.
Magnetic Chitosan for the Removal of Sulfamethoxazole from Tertiary Wastewaters
Authors: Pirozzi Domenico , Latte Alessandro , Yousuf Abu , De Mastro Francesco , Brunetti Gennaro , EL Hassanin Andrea , Sannino Filomena
Published: February 2024

Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles, synthesized by in situ precipitation, have been used as adsorbents to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic dangerous due to its capacity to enter ecosystems. The adsorption of SMX has been carried out in the presence of tertiary wastewaters from a depuration plant to obtain more realistic results. The effect of pH on the adsorption capacity significantly changed when carrying out the experiments in the presence of wastewater. This change has been explained while taking into account the charge properties of both the antibiotic and the magnetic chitosan. The composition of wastewaters has been characterized and discussed as regards its effect on the adsorption capacity of the magnetic chitosan. The models of Elovich and Freundlich have been selected to describe the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms, respectively. The analysis of these models has suggested that the adsorption mechanism is based on strong chemical interactions between the SMX and the magnetic chitosan, leading to the formation of an SMX multilayer.