bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Formal Semantics for Epistemic Modesty
Authors: Steinsvold Christopher
Published: February 2020

Given the frequency of human error, it seems rational to believe that some of our own rational beliefs are false. This is the axiom of epistemic modesty. Unfortunately, using standard propositional quantification, and the usual relational semantics, this axiom is semantically inconsistent with a common logic for rational belief, namely KD45. Here we explore two alternative semantics for KD45 and the axiom of epistemic modesty. The first uses the usual relational semantics and bisimulation quantifiers. The second uses a topological semantics and standard propositional quantification. We show the two different semantics validate many of the same formulas, though we do not know whether they validate exactly the same formulas. Along the way we address various philosophical concerns.
The personality profile of ultimate frisbee players based on gender
Authors: Piepiora Paweł , Sadowska Monika , Supiński Jan
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to try to determine the personality of the ultimate frisbee players. The following hypothesis was accepted for verification: the personality profile of the ultimate frisbee players is similar to the profile of players practicing the same sport. The subjects of the cognitive experiment were people training ultimate frisbee (N = 60), including thirty men (n = 30) and thirty women (n = 30). The research was conducted using the NEO-FFI questionnaire. It has been shown that the personality profile of ultimate frisbee players differs in the scale of neuroticism. Women had a higher level of neuroticism than men. And the sten interpretation of the results showed that people training ultimate frisbee regardless of gender are characterized by average personality indicators.
Legacies of Partition for India and Pakistan
Authors: Talbot Ian
Published: February 2020

South Asia’s political and socio-economic landscape has been greatly transformed in the seven decades since India and Pakistan achieved their independence. Nonetheless, many features are only explicable with reference to the legacies of the 1947 Partition. This essay traces these legacies with respect to ethnic and religious nationalism, state construction and the contrasting trajectories with respect to democratic consolidation. It argues that while the recent scholarship has acknowledged the enduring presence of the Partition on the lives of refugees and their descendants, accounts of its ongoing impact on statecraft are less developed. It is only when such legacies are analyzed that a fuller understanding is possible both of domestic developments and of the enduring rivalry between the two states.
Imagining the ‘Tribe’ in Colonial and Post-Independence India
Authors: Das Gupta Sanjukta
Published: February 2020

In the context of the changing nature of India’s relationship with her tribal or Adivasi population, this paper seeks to analyse the construction ‘tribes’ in colonial India and how these came to influence contemporary India’s understandings of the category. Arguing that state policies are actuated by myriad ways in which target populations are defined, conceptualized and represented, this paper seeks to trace the contentious categorizations and multiple identities that have been imagined for, thrust upon and assumed by such communities since colonial times. It thus critically explores and engages with a range of ideologies that informed and shaped independent India’s tribal policies.
Amerykańska polityka praw człowieka wobec Argentyny w czasie „brudnej wojny” 1976-1983
Authors: Lisińska Magdalena
Published: February 2020

The U.S. Human Rights Policy Towards Argentina During the “Dirty War” 1976-1983 The paper aims to provide an analysis of the question of violations of human rights during the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983) and the impact of this problem on bilateral relations with the United States. The article will focus mostly on the presidency of James “Jimmy” Earl Carter. The political line adopted by him, known as “the Carter doctrine” or “human rights policy” was the basis of restrictive attitude towards the Argentine dictators. In order to provide a complete analysis, the topic of the paper was treated broadly, covering not only bilateral, American-Argentine issues, but also multilateral forms of exerting pressure on Argentina, mainly at the United Nations and Organization of American States. The article also provides an analysis of the human rights policy itself, as well as of the state terror introduced by the Argentine military, known as the “Dirty War””.
In signis risum
Authors: Coêlho da Silva Amós
Published: February 2020

Plauto fundou na Helenização de Roma um teatro cômico cheio de humor. Apropriou-se o poeta de fragmentos helênicos da comédia grega e os eternizou através de poetas nacionais diversos.
Funding pledge: What it means for your school…
Authors: Harnden Julia
Published: February 2020

What will the government funding pledges – announced earlier this term – mean for your secondary school? Funding specialist Julia Harnden looks at the figures
Stacked volume holographic gratings for extending the operational wavelength range in LED and solar applications
Authors: Keshri S. , Marín-Sáez J. , Naydenova I. , Murphy K. , Atencia J. , Chemisana D. , Garner S. , Collados M. V. , Martin S.
Published: February 2020

A novel stacking procedure is presented for volume phase holographic gratings (VPHGs) recorded in photopolymer material using Corning Willow Glass as a flexible substrate in order to achieve broader angular and spectral selectivity in a diffractive device with high efficiency for solar and LED applications. For the first time to our knowledge, we have shown a device designed for use with a white LED that has the same input and output angles and high efficiency when illuminated by different wavelengths. In this paper, two VPHGs were designed, experimentally recorded, and tested when illuminated at normal incidence. The experimental approach is based on stacking two individual gratings in which the spatial frequency and slant have been tailored to the target wavelength and using real-time on-Bragg monitoring of the gratings in order to control the recorded refractive index modulation, thereby optimizing each grating efficiency for its design wavelength. Lamination of the two gratings together was enabled by using a flexible glass substrate (Corning Willow Glass). Recording conditions were studied in order to minimize the change in diffraction efficiency and peak diffraction angle during lamination and bleaching. The final fabricated stacked device was illuminated by a white light source, and its output was spectrally analyzed. Compared to a single grating, the stacked device demonstrated a twofold increase in angular and wavelength range. The angular and wavelength selectivity curves are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction for this design. This approach could be used to fabricate stacked lenses for white light LED or solar applications.
Method of improving the measurement accuracy of plane array imaging laser radar by pixel cascade
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Bi Yong , Sun Lipeng , Chen Yongran
Published: February 2020

The plane array imaging laser radar is the product of the combination of the area array imaging optical system and the range laser radar. With extended illumination and area array detection, the target can be measured in three dimensions without mechanical scanning. In this paper, a CMOS-type built-in optical mixer is used, which is a kind of matrix depth sensor. The size of a single pixel of the sensor chip determines its maximum resolution accuracy in two-dimensional distribution measurement, which also restricts the improvement of measurement accuracy to a certain extent. In this paper, a post-processing measurement method is proposed, which expands the processed data object from a single pixel to a regional pixel, transforms the measurement of displacement into the measurement of amplitude distribution changes, and effectively utilizes the cascaded characteristics between a single pixel and pixel area. The purpose is to break through the limitation of the size of a single pixel and thus improve the measurement accuracy. The validity of the method is verified by theoretical calculation and experimental measurements, and the measurement accuracy is improved by 6 times in practical test. This method can improve the measurement accuracy and performance of existing system equipment without breaking through the limitation of pixel physical size and will be highly interesting for practical applications.
Fabrication of aspherical polymeric lenses using tunable ferrogel molds
Authors: Falahati Mojtaba , Chang Yu-Chung , Ahmadvand Parvaneh , Zhou Wenchen , Yi Allen , Li Lei
Published: February 2020

The majority of optical lenses have spherical surface profiles because they are convenient to fabricate. Replacing spherical optics with aspheric optics leads to smaller size, lighter weight, and less complicated optical systems with a superior imaging quality. However, fabrication of aspheric lenses is expensive and time-consuming. Here, we introduce a straightforward and low-cost casting method to fabricate polymeric aspheric lenses. An elastomeric ferrogel was formed into an aspherical profile by using a designed magnetic field and then was used as a mold. Different types of aspherical profiles from parabola to hyperbola can be formed with this method by tuning the magnetic field. A home-built Shack–Hartmann sensor was employed to characterize the cast polymeric lenses. The effects of magnetic field intensity, gradient of the magnetic field, and magnetic susceptibility of the ferrogel on the lens profiles were investigated. This technique can be used for rapid-forming polymeric aspherical lenses with different sizes and shapes.
Far-field diffraction pattern of a nonideal retroreflector for polarized light with an oblique incidence
Authors: Hui Zhou , Song Li , Wenhao Zhang , Yuwei Chen
Published: February 2020

The far-field diffraction pattern (FFDP) of a corner cube retroreflector (CCR) determines the energy of a retroreflecting beam in some applications including laser ranging, optical communication, and satellite orbit calibration. The FFDP of an imperfect CCR is investigated analytically for the non-normal incidence of a polarized light beam. We first derive a complex amplitude of a retroreflecting beam in relation with multiple parameters including the errors of dihedral angle, flatness in a CCR, and polarization property of the CCR. Then a theoretical expression of the FFDP for a nonideal CCR is deduced as a function of multiple parameters by introducing the complex amplitude into a simplified Kirchhoff’s diffraction equation. Some numerically simulated results of the FFDP are presented to give a visual illustration of the relationship between the FFDP and these parameters. Our findings suggest that a strong correlation between the FFDPs and multiple factors comprising the manufacturing errors, the polarization states, and the incident angles of the input beam as well as whether the reflecting faces of the CCR are coated or not. The FFDPs can be efficiently controlled by allocating the magnitudes of these factors. Moreover, experimental verification of the FFDP is also developed for a nonideal CCR coated with silver film on the reflecting faces at a non-normal incidence. The proposed mathematical model potentially offers beneficial ingredients towards optimizing design of a CCR by considering both the manufacturing errors and incident conditions of the input beam.
Optical method to characterize and assess setting evolution of cement pastes: publisher’s note
Authors: Soto-Bernal Juan J. , Vázquez Gloria V. , González-Mota Rosario , Rosales-Candelas Iliana , Ortiz-Lozano José A. , De-León-Martínez Hector A.
Published: February 2020

This publisher’s note amends the author affiliations in Appl. Opt.
59, D1 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.59.0000D1.
The effect of tissue paper on the color appearance of colored papers
Authors: Ikeda Mitsuo , Phuangsuwan Chanprapha
Published: February 2020

A sheet of tissue paper can change color appearance. Various colors were observed through tissues, and the appearance was quantitatively measured by the elementary color naming method. The saturation decreased with tissues, but the color appearance was fairly vivid in spite of a marked decrease of excitation purity, suggesting that visual mechanisms neglect the white color appearance to judge the color behind the tissue. A tissue was applied to the simultaneous color contrast stimulus, and a vivid color appeared on the central gray patch, which otherwise appeared just gray. The analysis of the color appearance of both the surround and the test patch suggested that the simultaneous color contrast phenomenon is a result of chromatic adaptation to the color of the surround.
Lighting for color vision examination in the era of LEDs: the FM100Hue Test
Authors: Dain Stephen J. , Atchison David A. , Hovis Jeffery K. , Boon Mei-Ying
Published: February 2020

Lighting conditions nominated for color vision testing are many and
varied. The recommendation of CIE color rendering index (CIE CRI)

≥

90

and correlated color temperature of
close to 6500 K is widely made for color vision testing generally.
With the demise of incandescent and fluorescent lighting and their
replacement by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), this is an opportune time
to revisit the recommendation. In this paper, we consider the current
sources, acceptable and unacceptable, and improvements to the
recommendation as it applies to the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue Test
(FM100Hue Test). We conclude that there is no need to treat LEDs as a
special case but propose a modified CRI measure.
Evolution properties of the radially polarized Laguerre–Gaussian-correlated Schell-model beams propagating in uniaxial crystals
Authors: Su Jia-Bo , Xu Chang-An , Xu Hua-Feng , Qu Jun
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we discuss, both analytically and numerically, the paraxial propagation of the radially polarized Laguerre–Gaussian-correlated Schell-model (LGCSM) beams orthogonal to the optical axis in uniaxial crystals. The analytical expression for the cross-spectral density function and the second-order moments of the radially polarized LGCSM beams are derived, and the evolution properties of the normalized intensity distribution, the spectral degree of the coherence (SDOC), and the spectral degree of the polarization (SDOP) in uniaxial crystals are elucidated by numerical examples. It is found that the intensity distribution of the radially polarized LGCSM beams evolves from a doughnut shape into a solid shape and finally converts into an elliptical symmetric hollow-ring profile in uniaxial crystals due to the combined effect of special correlation functions and the anisotropy effect of the uniaxial crystals. The evolution of the SDOC and SDOP for the radially polarized LGCSM beams is quite different from that of the radially polarized Gaussian–Schell-model beams. In addition, the propagation properties of the radially polarized LGCSM beams are closely related to the spatial coherence length, the mode order, and the ratio of extraordinary and ordinary reflective indices. The results show that the uniaxial crystals could modulate the evolution properties of the radially polarized LGCSM beams.
Laser induced thermoelastic surface displacement in solids detected simultaneously by photothermal mirror and interferometry
Authors: Flizikowski G. A. S. , Capeloto O. A. , Camargo V. G. , Anghinoni B. , Baesso M. L. , Malacarne L. C. , Belançon M. P. , Požar T. , Astrath N. G. C.
Published: February 2020

We propose a combined pump-probe optical method to investigate heat diffusion properties of solids. We demonstrate single-shot simultaneous laser-induced thermoelastic surface displacement of metals detected by concurrent measurements using photothermal mirror and interferometry. Both methods probe the surface displacement by analyzing the wavefront distortions of the probe beams reflected from the surface of the sample. Thermoelastic properties are retrieved by transient analysis in combination with numerical description of the thermoelastic displacement and temperature rise in the sample and in the surrounding air. This technique presents a capability for material characterization that can be extended to experiments for quantitative surface mapping.
Pattern randomization: an efficient way to design high-performance metallic meshes with uniform stray light for EMI shielding
Authors: Zhong Hui , Han Yu , Lin Jie , Jin Peng
Published: February 2020

Here, we proposed an ingenious grid pattern design method called pattern randomization to obtain metallic meshes with uniform stray light. The periodicity of a grid is weakened by the pattern randomization. By comparing the diffraction patterns of one-dimensional periodic grid, one-dimensional aperiodic grid and concentric rings structure, we found that the “radial homogenization” and “angular homogenization” can uniform the high-order diffracted energy. The pattern randomization is proposed to achieve the “radial homogenization” and “angular homogenization” two-dimensional grid while ensuring connectivity. For collimated incident beam, the metal grid with a randomness (90%, 90%) obtained by pattern randomization method generates uniform stray light, while it maintains high visible light transmittance and high electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SE). The simulated results are experimentally verified that the high-order diffraction spots can be effectively suppressed. The coefficient Cv is reduced from 1078.14% to 164.65%. Meanwhile, the randomness of the designed grid structure hardly affects the visible light transmittance and shielding efficiency. The metallic mesh with a shielding efficiency about 17.3 dB in the Ku-band, a relative transmittance higher than 94% in the visible light band and an ultra-uniform diffraction pattern is obtained.
Effect of external mismatch and internal mismatch caused by pointing error on performances of space chaos laser communication system
Authors: Li Mi , Zeng Cheng , Lei Jizhao , Guo You , Li Mengnan , Yu Jianjie , Shi Yuechun , Chen Xiangfei
Published: February 2020

In order to evaluate the effect of pointing error on space chaos laser communication system, we conduct bit error rate (BER) analysis with external mismatch and internal mismatch caused by pointing error. Based on BER formulae, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of external and internal mismatches on performance of the system under different boresight and jitter. Our results indicate that jitter will affect BER more than boresight and internal mismatch will affect the performance of system more than external mismatch. These results are significant for optimizing space chaos laser communication system design.
Flat cholesteric liquid crystal polymeric lens with low f-number
Authors: Li Yannanqi , Zhan Tao , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: February 2020

We use a simple photoalignment method to fabricate four reflective cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polymeric lenses with diameter D=2.45 cm and low f-numbers (f/2, f/0.9, f/0.45, f/0.33) at 550 nm. Such a flat CLC lens can be converging or diverging, depending on the handedness and direction of the incident light. Our CLC lenses can achieve ∼85% diffraction efficiency for a designated polarization state and manifest decent imaging ability.
Mid-infrared single-cycle light bullet self-reconstruction after an air gap under single-pulse femtosecond filamentation in LiF
Authors: Chekalin Sergey , Dormidonov Alexander , Kandidov Valerii , Kompanets Victor
Published: February 2020

We have studied the penetration of the extremely compressed wave packet—“light bullet” (LB)—through an air gap upon femtosecond single-pulse mid-IR filamentation in LiF. Applying the laser coloration method and performing numerical simulations, we have found that the single-cycle LB, which is formed before the air gap up to 0.5 mm wide, completely recovers after passing a certain distance inside LiF after the gap. This distance demonstrates nonlinear dependence on the gap width and LB pathway before the gap. We conclude that the observed self-reconstruction of the LB is caused by the high localization of the light field in the air gap due to strongly convergent wave front of the bullet, while the effect of the surrounding low-energy background of the pulse can be neglected.
22.7  W mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in fluorotellurite fibers
Authors: Li Zhenrui , Jia Zhixu , Yao Chuanfei , Zhao Zhipeng , Li Nan , Hu Minglie , Ohishi Yasutake , Qin Weiping , Qin Guanshi
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we demonstrate 22.7 W mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) generation in all-solid fluorotellurite fibers. All-solid fluorotellurite fibers based on

T
e
O

2

-

B
a
F

2

-

Y

2

O

3

and

T
e
O

2

modified fluoroaluminate glasses are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. By using a 0.6 m long fluorotellurite fiber with a core diameter of 11 µm as the nonlinear medium and a high-power 1.93–2.5 µm SC fiber laser as the pump source, we obtain 22.7 W SC generation from 0.93 to 3.95 µm in the fiber for a pump power of 39.7 W. The 10 dB bandwidth is about 1633 nm, and the corresponding spectral range is from 1890 to 3523 nm. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is about 57.2%. Our results show that all-solid fluorotellurite fibers are promising nonlinear media for constructing high-power MIR SC light sources.
Comparison studies of excitonic properties and multiphoton absorption of near-infrared-I-emitting Cu-doped InP and InP/ZnSe nanocrystals
Authors: He Tingchao , Liu Huan , Li Junzi , Xiao Shuyu , Hu Wenbo , Qiu Xin , Lin Xiaodong , Gao Yang
Published: February 2020

Cu-doped InP (Cu:InP) and InP/ZnSe nanocrystals (NCs) with near-infrared-I (NIR-I) emission were prepared and characterized. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra revealed that the epitaxial growth of a ZnSe diffusion barrier onto the Cu:InP core can amplify its exciton-dopant coupling strength, with the energy transfer times of

∼

220

p
s

for Cu:InP NCs and

∼

183

p
s

for Cu:InP/ZnSe NCs. Importantly, the Cu:InP/ZnSe NCs exhibit much larger two- and three-photon absorption cross sections, reaching

∼

10162

 GM at 1030 nm and

∼

1.06

×

10

−
77

c
m

6

s

2

p
h
o
t
o
n

−
2

at 1600 nm, compared with Cu:InP NCs.
Band-extended angular spectrum method for accurate diffraction calculation in a wide propagation range
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Hao , Jin Guofan
Published: February 2020

The band-extended angular spectrum method (ASM) is proposed in this Letter for both near- and far-field diffraction calculation with high accuracy. Due to the aliasing problem of the transfer function (TF), the ASM is not suitable for far-field diffraction calculation. For band-limited ASM, the non-aliased bandwidth of the TF would shrink rapidly with the increase of the propagation distance, which would reduce the calculation accuracy in the far field. For the proposed band-extended ASM, the non-aliased bandwidth is significantly extended by rearranging the sampling points in the spatial frequency domain. Therefore, more frequency components of the TF contribute to the wave-field calculation, leading to a much wider propagation range and a higher computational accuracy.
Living Lab: Forschung und Praxis am Universitätscampus
Authors: Abel Pascal
Published: February 2020

Innovationen und Nutzerbeteiligung sind heutzutage im Gestaltungsprozess von Informationssystemen untrennbar miteinander verzahnt. Im Living-Lab-Ansatz kommt die gemeinsame Entwicklung mit dem Nutzer an einen realen Ort. Dieser Forschungsansatz folgt damit dem Paradigma, dass die wichtigen Fragen unserer Zukunft nur gemeinsam von Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft beantwortet werden können.

In diesem Beitrag blicken wir in die Praxis der Campusgestaltung an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig. Dort wird seit dem Jahr 2015 der Campus zum Living Lab zur partizipativen Lebensraumgestaltung. Es werden Erfolgsfaktoren aufgezeigt, wie die Nutzerintegration durch DIY Guerilla Marketing gelingt oder wie Experimentierfreudigkeit zu systematischem und zufälligen Lernen führen kann. In einer Betrachtung der Entwicklungsschritte werden die Lernstufen und Hürden aufgezeigt. Der Aufbau von Infrastruktur wurde notwendiger Bestandteil und setzt sich aus dem Sharing von vorhandenen Gegenständen, Bereitstellung von Räumen und Neuanschaffungen zusammen. Die Integration von vorhandenen Organisationen im Bereich des Campuslebens erfolgt durch die gemeinsame Entwicklung eines Teilbereichs der Plattform und der Anpassung an die Bedürfnisse der Organisationen.
Messung von digitalem Stress im organisationalen Umfeld: Erfahrungen aus einer Fallstudie
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Riedl René
Published: February 2020

Digitaler Stress ist eine Form von Stress, die aus der Interaktion mit Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien sowie deren Allgegenwärtigkeit in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft resultiert. Digitaler Stress ist weit verbreitet und hat weitreichende negative Konsequenzen, wie etwa verringerte Zufriedenheit am Arbeitsplatz oder Burnout. Bislang ist die Erforschung von digitalem Stress vor allem auf Untersuchungen in Laborumgebungen sowie Online-Umfragen beschränkt. In diesem Artikel fokussieren wir auf einen anderen Forschungsansatz, nämlich Feldforschung. Es werden Methoden verglichen, die zur Erforschung von digitalem Stress am Arbeitsplatz eingesetzt werden können. Konkret wurden in einer Fallstudie über drei Arbeitswochen folgende Messinstrumente eingesetzt: Online-Fragebogen, Online-Tagebuch, Brustgurt zur Aufzeichnung der Herzschlagfrequenz sowie Gerät zur Messung von Blutdruck am Handgelenk. Insgesamt 16 Teilnehmer aus der Fallstudienorganisation nutzten diese Messinstrumente weitgehend selbständig, so dass Interventionen der beteiligten Forscher auf ein Mindestmaß reduziert werden konnten. Auf Basis der gewonnen Erkenntnisse werden die eingesetzten Methoden auf der Basis von sechs Gütekriterien (Reliabilität, Validität, Sensitivität, Diagnostizität, Objektivität, Aufdringlichkeit) verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass jedes Messinstrument Stärken und Schwächen hat. Daraus folgt, dass zur praxisorientierten Erforschung von digitalem Stress ein Methoden-Mix angewendet werden sollte.
Total war and social reform: Administrating work, population and life in the «Rava Committee» plan (1918)
Authors: Rapini Andrea
Published: February 2020

El artículo se centra en la Comisión más importante para la reforma del estado de bienestar italiano durante el siglo XX: la "Comisión Rava". Lleva a cabo por primera vez un estudio prosopográfico de sus miembros con el objetivo de analizar las ideas y propuestas de la reforma social, así como sus agentes. En su parte inicial, el artículo saca a la luz los antecedentes educativos de los componentes de la Comisión, destacando el papel central del conocimiento estadístico. Luego explora la composición profesional que excluye a las clases subalternas y, para después profundizar en la cultura política de los comisionados. Finalmente, el análisis en clave prosopográfica muestra el influjo de la corriente reformadora palpable en organizaciones políticas tradicionales. Es una especie de nube heterogénea, homogeneizada por el objetivo de abordar la cuestión social con reformas y, por lo tanto, evita la fractura de la sociedad.
Patient Generated Index in HIV Chemosensory & auditory complaints: An observational study
Authors: Kamel Usama Fawzy , Andrady Ushan
Published: February 2020

HIV is a chronic manageable disease. The disease and/or antiretroviral therapy treatment may lead to patient complaints regarding their hearing and chemosensory perception. Patient Generated Index (PGI) has been a validated patient generated questionnaire, which is flexible to capture areas relevant to patients
[i]. It has not been used before to assess the chemosensory (smell and taste) and auditory concerns of HIV positive patients.

Methods:

PGI questionnaire was distributed to nineteen HIV patients attending the research clinic. Patients had five areas to record their perception in relation to senses (smell, taste and hearing). They then score how do they feel about this particular area, then they spend points to improve the area when needed. Patients were recruited from a HIV clinic after giving their informed consent matching inclusion/exclusion criteria. The questionnaire had five sections where patients identify problems matter to them in relation to smell, taste and hearing. The sixth question is generated by the patient in relation to other health areas of concern to the individual.

Results:

PGI scores (n=19) mean was 5.39 (range 1.08 8, SD 1.93). Smell mean scores 1.1, taste was 1 and hearing was 0.97

Smell was 20.4% of the total PGI score; taste was 18.6% and hearing 18% of the PGI score. Patients scored 2.32 (43% of the total PGI score) in other areas (back pain, arthritis, stomach pains, )

Conclusions:

This is an observational cohort study to document the PGI results in relation to auditory and chemosensory perception in HIV positive patients. Although auditory and chemosensory problems in five areas scores altogether 57% of the PGI score, others (one area question), patients scored 43% of the total PGI score. Other complaints preoccupied patients and were relatively more cumbersome than the three senses.

[i] Ruta D, Garratt A, Leng M, Russell I, MacDonald L. A New Approach to the Measurement of Quality of Life: The Patient-Generated Index. Medical Care. 1994 Nov;32(11):1109-1126
Adaptation of Identity Styles Scale-5 to Turkish: Validity and reliability study
Authors: Morsünbül Ümit , Uçar Mehmet Ertuğrul , Konal Bilge
Published: February 2020

Individuals use different solution strategies in order to dea with issues related to identity. Berzonsky explains the concept of identity with different cognitive strategies which people use to deal with identity conflicts and identity styles that formed by these cognitive strategies. By using different cognitive strategies, Berzonsky proposed three different identity styles based on social-cognitive identity model. They are informational oriented, norm oriented and diffuse-avoidant oriented identity styles. The purpose of the present study is to adapt Identity Style Inventory-5 into Turkish. The research group consisted of 206. university students. To collect data Personal Information Form, Identity Style Inventory-5, Identity Style Inventory-3, and Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale were used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that Identity Style Inventory-5 has three factor-structures that cause different identity formation. Correlations between identity styles and identity dimensions supported criterion validity.  Cronbach’ coefficients and parallel form reliability were conducted to determine reliability. Results indicated that Identity Style Inventory-5 is reliable measurement tool. As a result, it can be said the Turkish version of Identity Style Inventory-5 is reliable and valid measurement tool to determine identity styles.

​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

 

Özet

Bireyler; kimlik konularını ele almada farklı çözüm yolları kullanırlar. Berzonsky kimlik kavramını, bireylerin kimlik çatışmalarıyla baş etmede kullandıkları farklı bilişsel stratejiler ve bu stratejilere bağlı olarak şekillenen kimlik stilleri ile açıklamaktadır. Berzonsky sosyal-bilişsel kimlik modeline dayanarak üç farklı kimlik stili önermiştir. Bunlar bilgi yönelimli, norm yönelimli ve kaçınma yönelimli kimlik stilleridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Kimlik Stilleri Ölçeği-5’in Türkçeye uyarlanmasıdır. Araştırma grubu 206 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplamak amacıyla Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kimlik Stilleri Ölçeği-5, Kimlik Stilleri Ölçeği-3 ve Utrecht Kimlik Bağlanma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı factor analizleri Kimlik Stilleri Ölçeği-5’in kimlik gelişiminde farklı kimlik biçimlenmesine neden olan üç faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Kimlik stilleri ile kimlik boyutları arasındaki korelasyonlar ölçüt geçerliliği desteklemiştir. Güvenirliliği belirlemek amacıyla iç tutarlılık katsayılarına ve paralel form güvenirliliğine bakılmıştır. Sonuçlar Kimlik Stilleri Ölçeği-5’in güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak Kimlik Stilleri Ölçeği-5’in Türkçe versiyonunun kimlik stillerini belirlemek amacıyla güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Genotype C/C 13910 of the Lactase Gene as a Risk Factor for the Formation of Insulin-Resistant Obesity in Children
Authors: Abaturov Aleksandr , Nikulina Anna
Published: February 2020

Introduction: To reduce the risk of insulin resistance in obesity in children with lactase gene genotypes, we studied the factors that stimulate the chronic inflammatory process. Material and methods: 109 children 6–18 years of age were investigated. The main group (n = 56) was presented by children with signs of insulin-resistant obesity according to the criteria of the European Society of Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrine Society. The control group (n = 53) included obese children without insulin resistance. A comprehensive clinical examination, food diary analysis, genotyping of the lactase gene by means of the polymerase chain reaction, the Immunochemical Test Method with Electrochemiluminescent Detection of basal insulinemia, Hydrogen breath test with lactose load, sequential analysis, ROC analysis were carried out. Results: Clinical manifestations of lactose maldigestion in a child increased the risk of possible insulin resistance (prognostic coefficient (PC +2.6), as well as the presence of the lactase C/C 13910 gene genotype (PC +5.8) did. The genotype C/T 13910 in children had a protective effect on the risk of obesity (PC −2.9). The lowest risk of insulin-resistant obesity in observed among children with the genotype T/T 13910 (PC −12). Conclusion: The presence of the C/C 13910 genotype of the lactase gene is the main factor formation of insulin resistance in children’s obesity. What is known? The genotype C/C 13910 of the lactase gene as a risk factor for the chronic inflammatory process in the body. What is New? Genotype C/C 13910 of the lactase gene as a risk factor for insulin-resistant obesity in children.
Ultrashort ssDNA in Retinoblastoma Patients Blood Plasma Detected by a Novel High Resolution HPLC Technique: a Preliminary Report
Authors: Ermakov Kirill V. , Bukhvostov Alexander A. , Vedenkin Alexander S. , Stovbun Sergey V. , Dvornikov Anton S. , Kuznetsov Dmitry A.
Published: February 2020

A significant population of ultrashort (50–150n) single-stranded DNA fragments were found in exosome-free blood plasma of retinoblastoma patients (6.84 ng mL−1), but not in plasma of healthy donors. An original high resolution HPLC technique has been proposed to reveal and characterize this peculiarity. To solve this task, a novel molecular size exclusion – anion exchange analytical technique was developed. Its applicability to diagnostics and oncogenesis research is quizzed here.
100 lat systemu pomocy społecznej w Polsce Abstract.
Authors: Brenk Mikołaj , Chaczko Krzysztof , Pląsek Rafał
Published: February 2020

The goal of this article is to sum up the past hundred years of the social security system in Poland, starting with establishment thereof as Poland regained statehood in 1918. The changes which occurred in that time have been divided into three subsequent stages of the history of the Polish social security system. The first was the Interwar period when efforts were made to establish a social security system in independent Poland, in areas formerly divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia with extreme systems of social security. The next period was the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989) when the communist authorities dismantled the pre-war social security system based on cooperation between state-owned and social organisations and the Church, replacing it with inefficient structures interested only in selected social groups in need. On the other hand, the third stage, commenced in 1989, of reconstructing social security, at first offered social protection for individuals affected by the system transformation. The last dozen or so years of development of social security is characterised by increasingly visible stimulation of social and economic growth to activate people from the fringes of the society.
Dobrosława Gucia, Stypendyści Towarzystwa Naukowej Pomocy im. Karola Marcinkowskiego 1841–1909, Wielkopolskie Towarzystwo Genealogiczne „Gniazdo”, Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk, Mnichowo-Poznań 2017, ss. 439
Authors: Wojtczak Jakub
Published: February 2020

Recenzja
„Zrozumieć dwujęzyczność” – doroczna konferencja dla nauczycieli pracujących z polskimi uczniami w szkołach holenderskich
Authors: Gramza Grażyna , Steur Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

According to statistics 160,000 Polish citizens currently live and work in the Netherlands. Half of these Polish migrants live there with their families. In April 2018, 36,000 Polish children lived in the Netherlands. Children and adolescents are required to go to local or international schools. Observing children who lived in the country for a few years and those who have just arrived, we can see recurring problems and issues. Students who do not know the Dutch language go to classes, where they only learn the language for two or three years. Within a few months, children become lazy. The curriculum that they are supposed to master is too simple, posing not enough intellectual challenges. Moreover, the first year in a new school abroad is stressful for children and adolescents. One of the major issues is the fact that teachers do not understand the processes that a child undergoes in the adaptation phase. Many schools also have an issue with the lack of knowledge regarding the development of a bilingual child. To help and support teachers, as well as parents and children, the School at the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in The Hague and the “Kreda” Foundation from Lisse organised the first “Understanding Bilingualism” conference four years ago, inviting teachers and specialists who work with Polish children every day. The conference turned out to be a resounding success and in the following years, three additional editions of the event were organised, devoted to a variety of topics.
MARIOLA JAWORSKA, NAUCZANIE I UCZENIE SIĘ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH MŁODZIEŻY Z DYSLEKSJĄ
Authors: Katarzyna Karpińska-Szaj
Published: February 2020

Kraków: Impuls, 2018, 406 s.
EWALUACJA ROLI SPOŁECZNEJ NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKA NIEMIECKIEGO W KONTEKŚCIE ZABURZENIA STABILIZACJI ZAWODOWEJ
Authors: Ewa Papierz-Łapsa
Published: February 2020

In an era of dynamically changing socio-economics and technological progress, many aspects of school education are being transformed. Teachers are required to be professional in the form of a demand for increasingly higher professional qualifications and competences, but are also required to fulfil specific social roles. These new determinants of the functioning of education create difficulties in the construction of the teacher's identity because the changes which are being introduced disturb professional stability and cause fears about the future. The challenge is to try to answer universal questions about the professional identity of the teacher, the ability to combine an exceptional sense of service, vocation and mission. This situation affects teachers of German and other foreign languages (FL).

The aim of this paper is to show how teachers of German as a FL perceive the changing school and how they assess the educational process that they co-create. Through biographical interviews, analyzed within the framework of Rubacha’s social role model (2000), an attempt is made to answer the question of how the social role of German teachers is changing as a result of the educational reform initiated in 2017 and what dilemmas are being caused by the changing role of the teacher. Statements from participants of the study will be presented that illustratethe disorder of stabilization of the profession, which results in a critical attitude to the changing situation in school, a disturbed attitude to the world, culture and other people. Impairment of the professional stabilization of German teachers is viewed in the context of the concept of their social role.
PODEJŚCIE DO BŁĘDU W NAUCE JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH – PERSPEKTYWA UCZNIA
Authors: Ewa Półtorak
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to reflect on the problem of errors in the foreign language teaching-learning process from the learner’s perspective. The author proposes to investigate learners’ beliefs and opinions related to the role of errors in foreign language learning process. The problem will be discussed in the context of the teaching-learning process of French as a second language to adult beginners. The study was conducted among the students of the Institute of Romance Languages and Translation Studies at the University of Silesia. The data collected was analysed and divided into subject categories in order to provide an overall view of students’ beliefs and attitudes towards errors.
Global Space Security and Counter-space Capabilities: the Legal and Political Challenges
Authors: Polkowska Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

This article undertakes a very sensitive issue: space security and counterspace capabilities and arms control. Those issues come under the sovereignty of each state and are strictly connected to national defense and policy. Counterspace, also known as space control, is the set of capabilities or techniques that are used to gain space superiority. Space superi-ority is the ability to use space for one`s own purposes while denying it to an adversary. These issues are so important now in the era of fast-growing state activities in space and under such a big dependence on space. Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are a subset of offensive counterspace capabilities, although the satellite itself is only one part of the system that can be attacked. That is the reason why protecting space infrastructure, in the absence of stabilized international space control cooperation and difficulties in reaching an agreement on PPWT treaty and lack of progress of international space law in this matter, is crucial by building the Space Situational Awareness system. Collaboration of states in this matter seems to be a priority.
Spectators` “BlackLists” and Recovery of Damages by Football Clubs from Spectators for the Violation of the Rules of Conduct: A Russian Experience
Authors: Vasilyev Ilya , Hong Qiang Yue , Kashaeva Anastasia , Izmalkova Margarita , Khalatova Raisa
Published: February 2020

he right of football clubs to establish local bans (the so-called “blacklists”) depends on a number of reasons. A local ban on visiting football matches can act as a measure to combat the unlawful behaviour of viewers, thus complementing the administrative responsibility of the spectators. In Russian law it is not possible to impose a ban on the sale of tickets to football matches by football clubs. The current wording of the rules of spectators’ behaviour during official sporting events does not, by default, allow supporter identity checks when entering the stadium. That also complicates the identification of spectators for being on the “blacklist”. The practice of civil suits brought by football clubs against supporters, as one of the few legal tools to influence supporters, is currently not widespread. As a result, there are no uniform approaches to resolve these disputes: the courts motivate refusals by various arguments, the validity of which can be reasonably criticised.
Investigation of Nursing Students' Perception of Caring Behaviors
Authors: Gözütok Konuk Tuğba , Tanyer Deniz
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Nursing is a caring profession. Developing nursing student’s perception of the care remains one of the most important goals of the education process. Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was carried out in order to identify the caring behaviors, perceptions and associated factors of the nursing students. The target group of the study consisted of 530 nursing students. The data were collected by using the "demographic characteristics form" and "Caring Assessment Questionnaire" (Care-Q). T-test and ANOVA were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Multiple Regression Analysis - Hierarchical Model was used for the analysis of determination. Results: Mean (SD) of total Care-Q points of the students was 5.0 (0.9), the highest average score of the sub-groups was 5.5 (1.1) in the trusting relationship sub-group; and the lowest average points was 4.5 (1.2) points in the Anticipates sub-group. It was concluded that the perceptions of the students about the caring behaviors is at a good level, and the perceptions of the students about the caring behaviors was affected by the attitudes, plans and experiences of the students about the profession. Conclusion: Developing the confidence of the students during the nursing education, ensuring the opportunities for empathy and developing the course contents on the bases of the concept of care are the applicable results of this study.
The Effect of Sedation Protocol Using Richmond AgitationSedation Scale (RASS) on Some Clinical Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive Care Units: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Taran Zahra , Namadian Masoumeh , Faghihzadeh Soghrat , Naghibi Taraneh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Providing for patients’ comfort and reducing their pain is one of the important tasks of health care professionals in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The current study was conducted to determine the effect of a protocol using a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) on some clinical outcomes of patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) in 2017. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 79 traumatic patients in the ICU who were randomly allocated into the intervention (N=40) and the control groups (N=39). The sedation was achieved, using a sedation protocol in the intervention group and the routine care in the control group. The clinical outcomes of the patients (duration of MV, length of staying in ICU, final outcome) were measured. As the participants had different lengths of MV and staying in ICU, the data were restructured, and were analyzed, using proper statistical methods. Results: The patients’ level of sedation in the intervention group was significantly closer to the ideal score of RASS (-1 to +1). The duration of MV was significantly reduced in the intervention group, and the length of stay in the ICU was also significantly shorter. There was no difference in terms of final outcome. The ICU cost in the control group was twice as high as the cost in of the intervention group. Conclusion: The applied sedation protocol in this study would provide better sedation and could consequently lead to significantly better clinical outcomes, and the cost of caring as a result.