bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract A04: Interaction of VRK2 with Akt at lysosomes controls induction of autophagy
Authors: Noguchi Masayuki , Hirata Noriyuki , Suizu Futoshi
Published: December 2020

Serine–threonine kinase Akt (also known as PKB, protein kinase B), a core intracellular mediator of survival, is involved in various human cancers and has been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells. Nonetheless, the physiologic function of Akt at the lysosomes is currently unknown. We have reported previously that PtdIns(3)P-dependent lysosomal accumulation of the Akt–Phafin2 complex is a critical step for autophagy induction. Here, to characterize the molecular function of activated Akt at the lysosomes in the process of autophagy, we searched for the molecules that interact with the Akt complex at the lysosomes after induction of autophagy. By time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS) analysis, kinases of the VRK family, a unique serine–threonine family of kinases in the human kinome, were identified. VRK2 interacts with Akt1 and Akt2, but not with Akt3; the C terminus of Akt and the N terminus of VRK2 facilitate the interaction of Akt and VRK2 in mammalian cells. The kinase-dead form of VRK2A (KD VRK2A) failed to interact with Akt in co-immunoprecipitation assays. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments showed that at the lysosomes, Akt interacted with VRK2A, but not with VRK2B or KD VRK2A. Immunofluorescent assays revealed that VRK2 and phosphorylated Akt accumulated at the lysosomes after autophagy induction. WT VRK2A, but not KD VRK2A or VRK2B, facilitated accumulation of phosphorylated Akt at the lysosomes. Downregulation of VRK2 abrogated the lysosomal accumulation of phosphorylated Akt and impaired nuclear localization of TFEB; these events coincided with inhibition of autophagy induction. The VRK2–Akt complex is required for control of lysosomal size, acidification, bacterial degradation, and for viral replication. Moreover, lysosomal VRK2–Akt controls cellular proliferation and mitochondrial outer-membrane stabilization. Given the roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of human cancer, the current study provides a novel insight into the oncogenic activity of VRK2–Akt complexes at the lysosomes via the modulation of autophagy.

Citation Format: Masayuki Noguchi, Noriyuki Hirata, Futoshi Suizu. Interaction of VRK2 with Akt at lysosomes controls induction of autophagy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A04.
Abstract A10: Exploring the interplay between the purinosome, a multienzyme, purine biosynthetic machine, and the Rheb-mTORC1 signaling axis
Authors: Emmanuel Natasha , Bernfeld Elyssa , Ragunathan Shoba , Wang Fang , Shan Qin , Giannakou Andreas , Huser Nanni , Jin Guixian , Myers Jeremy , Unsal-Kacmaz Keziban , Abraham Robert T.
Published: December 2020

Pharmacologic agents that interfere with nucleotide metabolism constitute an important class of anticancer agents. Recent studies demonstrated that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors suppress de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides. We have previously demonstrated that mTORC1 itself is suppressed by drugs that reduce intracellular purine nucleotide pools. Cellular treatment with AG2037, an inhibitor of the purine biosynthetic enzyme, GARFT, profoundly inhibits mTORC1 activity via a reduction in the level of GTP-bound Rheb, an obligate upstream activator of mTORC1, in part due to a reduction in intracellular guanine nucleotides. Purines are synthesized intracellularly in dynamic metabolic structures known as the purinosome. Our emerging data suggest that Rheb associates with the purinosome and treatment with AG2037 disrupts this interaction. We hypothesize that Rheb senses the availability of purines at the site of the purinosome and communicates purine sufficiency to activate mTORC1. The results of this project will increase our understanding of the regulation of purine biosynthesis and mTORC1 activation, two key processes in cell proliferation and cancer.

Citation Format: Natasha Emmanuel, Elyssa Bernfeld, Shoba Ragunathan, Fang Wang, Qin Shan, Andreas Giannakou, Nanni Huser, Guixian Jin, Jeremy Myers, Keziban Unsal-Kacmaz, Robert T. Abraham. Exploring the interplay between the purinosome, a multienzyme, purine biosynthetic machine, and the Rheb-mTORC1 signaling axis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A10.
Abstract B26: Role of AKT3 in EGFR-TKI resistance of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Shih-Hsiang , Shih Jin-Yuan , Chen Ching-Chow
Published: December 2020

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and EGFR-TKI is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR activation mutation. However, most patients develop acquired resistance within 9–14 months. Exploring the mechanisms of drug resistance is critical to improve treatment efficacy. Two resistant cells, HCC827/IR (IRESSA resistance) and H1975/AR (AZD9291 resistance), exhibiting EMT phenotypes were generated to investigate the molecular and cellular characteristics of the EGFR-TKI acquired resistance. HCC827/IR (without T790M) and H1975/AR (without C797S) showed “off-target resistance”. Upregulation of AXL and FGFR1 in HCC827/IR but not H1975/AR cells was found. AKT activation (p-AKT) in parental cells was more sensitive to EGFR-TKI than that in resistant cells. RNA-seq revealed the upregulation of AKT3 in both resistant cells. High expression of AKT3 was predicted to correlate with the poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Knockdown of AKT3 in HCC827/IR cells inhibited cell migration and increased the protein expression of E-cadherin, as well as inhibited S phase population to reduce cell proliferation. Knockdown of AKT3 in H1975/AR cells enhanced AZD9291-induced inhibition on AKT activation (p-AKT). Immunoprecipitation of AKT3 in both resistant cells demonstrated its involvement in AKT activation, and AKT3 activation (p-AKT3) was insensitive to gefitinib and AZD9291 inhibition in resistant cells. Protein but not mRNA of AKT3 was upregulated in gefitinib-treated HCC827/IR and AZD9291-treated H1975/AR cells. AKT3 might serve as a predictive biomarker for EGFR-TKIs therapy. Its upregulation might be one of the mechanisms for EGFR-TKIs acquired resistance.

Citation Format: Shih-Hsiang Huang, Jin-Yuan Shih, Ching-Chow Chen. Role of AKT3 in EGFR-TKI resistance of non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr B26.
Abstract B33: Targeting PI3K/mTOR signaling with potent, selective and orally-available small-molecule inhibitors of eIF4E
Authors: Parker Gregory S. , Hung Ivy N.J. , Staunton Jocelyn , Barrera Maria , Sung Eric , Parra Ana , Stumpf Craig R. , Chen Joan , Thompson Peggy A. , Nevarez Andreas , Wegerski Christopher J. , Clarine Jeff , Sperry Samuel , Xiang Alan , Nilewski Christian , Packard Garrick K. , Urklalan Kaveri , Mukaiyama Takasuke , Michels Theo , Ernst Justin T. , Sprengeler Paul A. , Reich Siegfried H. , Chiang Gary G. , Webster Kevin R.
Published: December 2020

Aberrant protein translation plays a role in the pathogenesis of multiple solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The translation initiation factor eIF4E is essential for the translation of m7G-capped mRNA and is a key point of convergence for several signaling pathways, such as PI3K/mTOR and MAPK, which are intimately involved in tumor cell growth and survival. As such, eIF4E has generated intense interest as a target for anticancer drug discovery. We have designed a series of potent, selective, and orally available m7G cap-competitive inhibitors of eIF4E (eFT-4Ei) with favorable drug-like properties. These inhibitors bind free eIF4E, eIF4E-4EBP and eIF4E-eIF4F complexes within tumor cells. Ribosomal profiling of eIF4E inhibitor-treated tumor cells has identified a subset of translationally regulated target genes that overlap with mTORC1/2 regulated genes, but also include a larger set of unique translationally regulated target mRNAs that are enriched for 5'-TOP, PRTE and CERT sequence elements in their 5'-untranslated regions. eIF4E inhibition results in potent antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptosis in a subset of tumor cell lines. Consistent with this observation, our eIF4E inhibitors show some similarities, yet several important differences from existing mTORC1 or mTORC1/2 dual inhibitors in both cellular and physiologic assays. Finally, significant antitumor efficacy was observed with eIF4E inhibition in both solid tumor and hematologic xenografts in vivo. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of targeting eIF4E as a novel and differentiated therapeutic strategy to treat cancer.

Citation Format: Gregory S. Parker, Ivy N.J. Hung, Jocelyn Staunton, Maria Barrera, Eric Sung, Ana Parra, Craig R. Stumpf, Joan Chen, Peggy A. Thompson, Andreas Nevarez, Christopher J. Wegerski, Jeff Clarine, Samuel Sperry, Alan Xiang, Christian Nilewski, Garrick K. Packard, Kaveri Urklalan, Takasuke Mukaiyama, Theo Michels, Justin T. Ernst, Paul A. Sprengeler, Siegfried H. Reich, Gary G. Chiang, Kevin R. Webster. Targeting PI3K/mTOR signaling with potent, selective and orally-available small-molecule inhibitors of eIF4E [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr B33.
Abstract IA02: The PI3K-mTOR signaling network and tumor cell metabolism
Authors: Manning Brendan D.
Published: December 2020

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key signaling node, universal to eukaryotic cells, which links the sensing of nutrients to the coordinated regulation of nutrient metabolism. mTORC1 has the ability to integrate signals from a variety of sources, including intracellular nutrients and secreted growth factors. The activation state of mTORC1 is tightly controlled through a small G protein switch involving the TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7 complex (the TSC complex) and the Ras-related small G protein Rheb. The direct phosphorylation and inhibition of the TSC complex by the protein kinase Akt provides the major mechanistic link between growth factor signaling and mTORC1. Current evidence indicates that this signal is integrated with amino acid sensing pathways upstream of mTORC1 through independent spatial control over the subcellular localization of the TSC complex and mTORC1 to the surface of the lysosome. This talk will include unpublished data on additional signals that regulate mTORC1 through the TSC-Rheb circuit. Our data suggest that both physiologic growth signals and common oncogenic events in cancer activate mTORC1 through mechanisms leading to dissociation of the TSC protein complex from the lysosomal subpopulation of Rheb, which is required for mTORC1 activation.

Physiologic and pathologic activation of PI3K-mTOR signaling results in a shift from catabolic processes to anabolic biosynthetic processes. This pathway acutely responds to feeding and is also frequently and aberrantly activated in human cancers. Through unbiased genomic and metabolomic approaches, we have found that, in addition to its established roles in promoting protein synthesis and inhibiting autophagy, mTORC1 stimulates changes in specific metabolic pathways through transcriptional and post-translational effects on metabolic enzymes. In this manner, mTORC1 serves to link growth signals to metabolic processes that promote the growth of cells, tissues, and tumors, including the de novo synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. Research in our lab is focused on understanding the coordinated anabolic program downstream of PI3K-mTOR signaling and identifying metabolic vulnerabilities stemming from uncontrolled pathway activation that can be targeted in tumors. I will discuss our latest data on additional metabolic enzymes under control of the PI3K-mTOR network that contribute to an integrated metabolic program underlying cell growth in both normal and cancer cells.

Citation Format: Brendan D. Manning. The PI3K-mTOR signaling network and tumor cell metabolism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
Abstract IA03: Regulation of growth by the mTOR pathway
Authors: Sabatini David M.
Published: December 2020

mTOR is the target of the immunosuppressive and anticancer drug rapamycin and the central component of a nutrient- and hormone-sensitive signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and proliferation. We now appreciate that this pathway becomes deregulated in many human cancers and has key roles in the control of metabolism, cell and organ size, and aging. We have identified two distinct mTOR-containing proteins complexes, one of which regulates growth through S6K and another that regulates cell survival and metabolism through Akt. These complexes, called mTORC1 and mTORC2, define both rapamycin-sensitive and -insensitive branches of the mTOR pathway. Over the last few years we have focused on how nutrients, particularly amino acids, regulate mTORC1. We have identified a complex signaling pathway that relays amino acid availability to mTORC1 through the heterodimeric Rag GTPases. We recently discovered several of the amino acid sensors for the pathway. I will discuss new results from our lab on the regulation and functions of mTORC1.

Citation Format: David M. Sabatini. Regulation of growth by the mTOR pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.
Cardiodoron® bei funktionellen Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden und Blutdruckauffälligkeiten: Eine Sekundäranalyse einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Rother Claudia , Semaca Cristina
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund: Bis zu 40% aller Herzpatienten können den funktionellen Herz-Kreislauf-Beschwerden (FHKB) zugeordnet werden. Dieses Krankheitsbild ist häufig mit Schlafstörungen und Blutdruckauffälligkeiten vergesellschaftet. Somit war es von Interesse, diesen Zusammenhang im Rahmen einer nichtinterventionellen Studie mit Cardiodoron® – ein Arzneimittel, das Störungen der vegetativen Rhythmik entgegenwirkt – näher zu beleuchten. Patienten und Methoden: 92 Ärzte dokumentierten insgesamt 501 Patienten mit FHKB und/oder Schlafstörungen, die 3 bis 6 Monate Cardiodoron® (Dilution) erhielten. Die Subgruppe der 454 Patienten mit FHKB bzw. 269 Patienten mit vollständigen Werten wurde hinsichtlich kardiologisch relevanter Parameter genauer betrachtet und steht im Mittelpunkt dieser Publikation. Ergebnisse: Die ärztlicherseits bewertete Ausprägung der FHKB reduzierte sich um 68% von 1,9 auf 0,6 Punkte. Der Symptomsummenscore aus 30 Einzelsymptomen ging um 61% von 23,6 auf 9,1 Punkte zurück. Blutdruckauffälligkeiten waren mit 1,6 zu 0,7 Punkten rückläufig. Weiterhin beurteilten die Patienten ihr Befinden mittels der Beschwerden-Liste nach von Zerssen, deren Gesamtwert sich um 58% von 24,0 auf 10,2 Punkte verminderte. Schlussfolgerung: Cardiodoron® ist ein gut verträgliches Arzneimittel der anthroposophischen Therapierichtung mit positivem Effekt bei Patienten mit FHKB, insbesondere bei Blutdruckauffälligkeiten.
Cancer-Associated Retinopathy due to Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Wagley Sushant , Tran Tu M. , Mallory Paul W. , Lee Michael S. , Armbrust Karen R. , Trautman Bruce , Montezuma Sandra R.
Published: December 2020

An 84-year-old female presented with bilateral scotomas and progressive nyctalopia over 1 year. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 in both eyes with reduced color vision. Goldmann visual field showed bilateral cecocentral scotomas and generalized constriction of the visual fields. This led to an electroretinogram showing an electronegative pattern consistent with autoimmune retinopathies. Infectious workup was negative. Anti-retinal antibodies were positive, leading to a presumed diagnosis of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR). Imaging showed a previously unknown left renal lower pole mass, and she underwent a radical nephrectomy. Biopsy showed nuclear grade-3 clear cell renal carcinoma staged T1. The patient was treated with oral prednisone with no ocular improvement. We report on a rare case of clear cell renal carcinoma causing CAR. CAR is an important paraneoplastic syndrome to diagnose since the majority of ocular cases precede other manifestations of malignancy. Therefore, a timely diagnosis of CAR can be lifesaving or at least life-extending.
Lipid Transfer Protein Sensitization: Risk of Anaphylaxis and Molecular Sensitization Profile in Pru p 3-Sensitized Patients
Authors: Ruano-Zaragoza Maria , Somoza Maria Luisa , Jiménez-Rodriguez Teodorikez Wilfox , Soriano-Gomis Victor , González-Delgado Purificación , Esteban-Rodriguez Angel , Palazón-Bru Antonio , Blanca Miguel , Fernández-Sánchez Javier
Published: December 2020

Background: Component-resolved diagnosis reveals the IgE response to many inhaled, food, and other allergens, improving the understanding and diagnosis of allergic diseases. Objective: The aims of the study are to study the recognition of different lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) and other allergen families in a large group of people sensitized to Pru p 3 and to analyze the relationship between the clinical entities and the allergens. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a large cohort of patients with positive skin tests to peach fruit and Pru p 3 specific IgE antibodies. Respiratory and food allergy symptoms were collected, and we performed prick tests with pollen, plant food, and other allergens plus the ImmunoCAP ISAC assay. Results: Our sample consisted of 421 people with a mean age of 33.25 years (range 16–68); 54.6% were women. Clinical entities included anaphylaxis (37.1%), urticaria (67.9%), and oral allergy syndrome (59.1%). Rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and/or asthma were diagnosed in 71.8% of the participants. The most pronounced correlation existed between sensitization to Pru p 3 and to Jug r 3, Pla a 3, Ara h 9, and Cor a 8. We found a higher incidence of anaphylaxis in people with 5 or more recognized LTPs. No association was observed between inhaled and food allergies. Conclusion: Most Pru p 3-sensitized participants were sensitized to additional allergens from the same family and, to a lesser extent, to other allergens, mainly in the profilin and PR-10 protein families. Anaphylaxis occurred in more than a third of the cases evaluated, and almost three-quarters of them had respiratory symptoms. Respiratory and food allergies involving LTPs do not seem to be associated.
Antipsychotics-induced hyperprolactinemia and screening for macroprolactin
Authors: Ruljancic Nedjeljka , Bakliza Ana , Filipcic Igor , Grosic Vladimir , Ivezic Ena , Matic Katarina , Geres Natko , Vuk Pisk Sandra
Published: December 2020

Introduction: High prolactin (PRL) concentrations are found in laboratory test results of patients on majority of antipsychotic drugs. Prevalence
rates and degrees of severity of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) based on PRL concentration may depend on the presence of macroprolactin in the serum.
The aim of the study was to investigate the difference between PRL concentrations before and after precipitation of macroprolactin and to examine
if there were any changes in the categorization of HPRL between samples prior and after precipitation.
Materials and methods: Total of 98 female patients (median age 33; range 19-47 years) diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, proscribed antipsychotic
drugs, and with HPRL were included. Total PRL concentration and PRL concentration after macroprolactin precipitation with polyethylene
glycol (postPEG-PRL) were determined by the chemiluminometric method on the Beckman Coulter Access2 analyser.
Results: Total PRL concentrations (median 1471; IQC: 1064-2016 mlU/L) and postPEG-PRL concentrations (median 1453; IQC: 979-1955 mlU/L) were
significantly correlated using intraclass correlation coefficient for single measurements (mean estimation 0.96; 95%CI 0.93-0.97) and average measurement
(mean estimation 0.98; 95%CI 0.96-0.99), and all investigated female patient had HPRL according to PRL and postPEG-PRL concentration.
The median PRL recovery following PEG precipitation was 95; IQC: 90-100%. There was substantial agreement (kappa test = 0.859, 95% CI: 0.764-
0.953) between the categories of HPRL severity based on total PRL concentrations and postPEG-PRL concentrations.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that HPRL was present in all subjects using the reference interval for total PRL concentration and postPEG-PRL
concentration with no significant impact of macroprolactin presence in the serum on the categorization of patients according to severity of HPRL.
The Soviet Union, CMEA, and the Energy Crisis of the 1970s
Authors: De Groot Michael
Published: December 2020

Numerous scholars have claimed that the Soviet Union was a primary beneficiary of the 1973–1974 oil crisis. Drawing on archival evidence from Russia and Germany, this article challenges that interpretation, showing that the oil crisis forced Soviet policymakers to confront the limits of their energy industry and the effects of the crisis on their East European allies. Demand for Soviet energy outpaced production, forcing Soviet officials to weigh their need to compensate for economic shortcomings at home against their role as the guarantor of Communist rule in Eastern Europe. The Soviet decision to raise prices within the Council on Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the Soviet Union's inability to fulfill demand across CMEA compelled the East European governments to purchase oil from Middle Eastern countries at increasing world market prices, crippling their balance of payments and accentuating their other economic shortcomings.
Troubling Habits
Authors: Lankewish Vincent A.
Published: December 2020

Against the backdrop of a new progressivism ushered into existence in the Roman Catholic Church by the Vatican II Council initiated by Pope John XXIII in 1962 and concluded by Pope Paul VI in 1965, this essay examines nuns’ resistance to and eventual adoption of new professional garb as a site of sometimes contentious debates about the changing roles of women ecclesiastics. Within the context of passionate and, at times, violent fights for civil and women’s rights and of protests against U.S. involvement in Vietnam, two popular films from this decade—The Trouble with Angels (1966) and its sequel, Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows (1968)—stage a competition between tradition and innovation in both theological and sartorial arenas. Ultimately, the nuns in these films follow a calling to become public advocates for a more humane and charitable world.
The Transformation of Monastic Habits
Authors: Pyun Kyunghee
Published: December 2020

In this paper, I posit that the transformation of monastic habits is observed and maintained in East Asian school uniforms. School uniforms at the schools founded by religious orders, mainly by Protestant and Catholic missionaries, could have manifested faith and religious identity. These religious authorities, who acted as managers of civic education, coincided with other public and private schools founded in secular contexts, unlike the religious emblems of those groups in their home countries. Many schools founded by Christian missionaries in East Asia in the early twentieth century eliminated a “sacred versus profane” dichotomy in their school uniforms and school symbols. In the formulation of a nation state in East Asia, homogeneity among inhabitants was more important than a faith-based religious identity by each Christian missionary group. Wearers of school uniforms in East Asia were taught to nurture civic identity along with the faith.
Erasing the Marks of Domination: Economic Sovereignty, Decolonization, and International Lawmaking in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Dietrich Christopher
Published: December 2020

This article tells a legal and intellectual history of oil and decolonization in the 1950s and 1960s through the projects of international institutions including the UN Permanent Sovereignty Commission and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the work of anti-colonial lawyers Hasan Zakariya and Nicolas Sarkis. It examines the ideas and infrastructure of decolonization as they related to the question of how international law could be used to win economic sovereignty.
A grave drum at rocky springs: the vocalization of Bokermannohyla alvarengai (Anura: Hylidae) from the Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil, with notes on its natural history
Authors: BANG DAVI LEE , ROCHA PEDRO C. , LEAL FERNANDO , LEITE FELIPE SÁ FORTES
Published: December 2020

Communication in anurans is mediated mainly by acoustic signals, which are relevant for mating, territoriality, and other social interactions (Wells 2007). Although these signals are usually conspicuous and relatively stereotyped, some Neotropical frogs display noticeable diversity and complexity in their calls. For instance, Bokermannohyla, a genus of gladiator treefrog from the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga Biomes of Brazil, often have complex vocal repertoires (Carvalho et al. 2012; Nali & Prado 2014), whilst some congeners have simple and stereotyped calls emitted continuously (Carvalho et al. 2013; Taucce et al. 2015; Giaretta et al. 2016; Rocha et al. 2016).
Analysis of Binary and Discrete Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithms Applied for Enhancing Performance of Energy Efficient Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy
Authors: Devika G. , Ramesh D. , Karegowda Asha Gowda
Published: December 2020

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a yield of advancement in information technology and the requirement of large-scale communication infrastructures. Routing of data via selected paths is a critical task in WSN as process need to be carried on under resource constraint situations. This
route identification problem can be better handled by employing appropriate heuristic bio-inspired computational intelligence optimization method. The most frequently applied routing is hierarchical routing algorithm is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm which has limitations
in identifying energy efficient inter and intra route communication, identification of number of cluster head (CH), an eminent node to communicate to CH and Base Station (BS), selection of CH, and computing residual energy level, etc. Hence, researchers are focusing on boosting the capability
of LEACH clustering algorithm by applying heuristic bio-inspired computational intelligence optimization methods. The proposed work is an attempt in this direction through applying heuristic bio-inspired Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (GWO) for improving the performance of LEACH algorithm.
In this paper, focus is given to increase the overall network time by adapting two modifications to conventional algorithms (i) selection of vice cluster head (VCH) in addition to CH (VCH node will replace the CH when CH when CH node goes down due to unexpected reasons as sensor node work
under critical and uninterruptable environments and (ii) selection of intra and inter relay nodes (intra relay node will enhance the life span during CH data gathering and inter relay node will further enhance the life span of CH by acting as a mediator between CH an BS). The Spyder-py3 tool
is used to simulate the proposed algorithms, LEACH Binary Grey Wolf search based Optimization (LEACH-BGWO) and LEACH Discrete Grey Wolf search based Optimization (LEACH-DGWO) protocols. The proposed work is compared with cluster based LEACH algorithm, chain based power-efficient gathering
in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) algorithm, bio-inspired GWO and Genetic Algorithm data Aggregation (GADA) LEACH protocols. The results prove that both proposed algorithms outperformed other conventional algorithms in terms of prolonged network lifespan and increased throughput. Among
proposed algorithms LEACH-BGWO outperformed LEACH-DGWO
Design of High Speed Reconfigurable Distributed Life Time Efficient Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Umashankar M. L. , Mallikarjunaswamy S. , Ramakrishna M. V.
Published: December 2020

Designing an energy-efficient routing makes the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) more effective and attractive for different applications. The WSN communication system power consumption mainly depends on three aspects such as routing cost computation, signal interference, and routing
distance. All three factors are equally important in order to improve the network performance. The system reliability and deployment cost depends on the energy efficiency of the WSN. The energy related cost assignment and shortest paths identification are used in existing routing techniques.
In the existing routing techniques maximum achievable lifetime and optimal link cost are low. Hence greatest possible performance can be achieved in distributed routing algorithm by finding shortest path. Maximum lifetime and best cost link can be generally obtained using distributed shortest
path routing algorithm. In this paper high speed reconfigurable distributed Lifetime-Efficient Routing algorithm is designed to provide route selection outline with low complexity and obtain better performance compared to existing routing algorithm.
A Survey of Chain Cluster-Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Sajiaha Amina , Pai Vasudeva
Published: December 2020

Over a period, Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have turned out to be continuously increasingly appealing and discovered the way into a wide assortment of uses and also frameworks in view of their relatively inexpensive, self-sustaining ability, and their detecting capacity in harsh
environment. It is a collection of hubs composed onto a system. Based on their routing architecture they are generally separated into two classes: Hierarchical routing topology and Flat routing topology. In a flat routing topology every nodes will have the similar use and they perform similar
task presented by the network. Nodes present in hierarchical topology carry out unique tasks and they are normally formed into clusters in WSNs. In this paper, a detailed study is made on chain cluster-based routing schemes for WSNs and few comparisons made by considering performance features
such as Fault tolerance, scalability and topology Strengths and limitations of each scheme and the same is presented.
Detection and Analysis of Plant Leaf Diseases Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Mamatha K. R. , Singh Seema , Hariprasad S. A.
Published: December 2020

India is the second largest food producer in the world. Agriculture plays an important role in Indian economy. Plants that are grown may experience many diseases which if not detected might lead to reduction of crops and further leads to the reduction of quality and quantity of plant
products to be delivered to the market. Diseases can occur and the farmer may not be in a condition to identify the disease and he might be unaware of which pesticide to be used and the precautions to be taken in order to over-come it in future. This paper describes as how to detect common
diseases a plant might get and the remedies that can be used to overcome them. Convolution neural network is used to classify the plant diseases and suggesting the remedies.
Cyclic Response of Steel Fiber Reinforced Normal Strength Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joint Under Reversed Cyclic Load
Authors: Nambiyanna B. , Nayan H. M. , Prabhakara R.
Published: December 2020

Failure investigation studies on a large number of buildings exposed to earthquake loads revealed that Beam-Column Joint (BCJ) is the most critical structural regions in any moment resisting RC structure. The structural response of RC moment resting frame system under the earthquake
loads mainly depends on the behavior and performance of the BCJ. It should be designed and detailed properly to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure under various earthquake loads. In the present Experimental work, Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) Fiber Reinforced Beam-Column Joint
specimens are cast and are subjected to Cyclic loading. Proportions of steel fibers used are 0%, 0.5% and 1%. Load response curves have been plotted to demonstrate change in the Energy absorption, Stiffness Degradation and Ductility factors.
Transmission Control Protocol Off Path Exploits in Web
Authors: Kavyashree K. , Sowmyarani C. N. , Dayananda P.
Published: December 2020

The network community in the current scenario has faced lot of potential threats like restricted access to unauthorized network; break in through other organizations, making the system unavailable and so on. An off-path attacker can perform various attacks like Browser page read, Web
phishing, website Spoofing and defacement to know the 4 tuples in Transmission Control Protocol. The attacker can also carry out Cross Site Scripting to know the sensitive information on websites. Cross Site Request Forgery which performs defective exploit on web. This helps in detecting the
four tuples Sequence number, Acknowledgement number, Global IPID Counter and ports.
Fusion Techniques for the Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Veena M. , Padma M. C.
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer is a considerable prime cause which affects the lives of women’s and leads to death all around the world. A tumor is said to be malignancy if a number of cancerous cells can spread to other organs. There has been great impact on the field of medical imaging by the
advancement of the computer technology as new and improved techniques of data acquisition, analysis, processing and visualization has evolved. A Digital Breast Tomosynthesis is used for the detection of breast cancer. This is also called as three-dimensional mammography, which eliminates the
overlapping tissue problem. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) provides information about potential abnormal tissues necessary for medical follow up and diagnosis. DBT gets additional importance in medical science as it is the only preliminary method of diagnosing a breast cancer with the
dense breast. Early and accurate diagnosis can be sufficient in resolving various complications and guiding the patient with timely and proper treatment. By considering the above factors there is a great requirement to explore for DBT. The proposed work develops a computer aided methodology
for automatic tumor detection and diagnosing in tomosynthesis Patient’s image. This method is incredibly helpful for doctors or the radiologist automatically locates the tumor space within the breast image for further surgery.
Audio Assistance for Blind People Using Global System for Mobile Communication Module
Authors: Yashwanth Gowda S. , Shankar Shobha
Published: December 2020

In this article an audio based assistive technology for the blind people is proposed and help them navigate in an indoor as well as outdoor environment. A wearable device consisting of an ultrasonic sensor, flame detector, gas sensors and GSM module incorporated in an Arduino is used
to alert the blind person of the various situations. A headphone attached to the wearable device will warn about the relevant situation. The wearable device is built using the Arduino-Uno and is tested in different conditions. The test have successfully demonstrated the capability of the device
in the indoor as well as outdoor environment. The device has demonstrated better results compared to existing devices in the market.
Machine Learning Approach to Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing
Authors: Madhusudhan H. S. , Satish Kumar T. , Mahesh G.
Published: December 2020

Cloud computing provides on demand service on internet using network of remote servers. The pivotal role for any cloud environment would be to schedule tasks and the virtual machine scheduling have key role in maintaining Quality of Service (QOS) and Service Level Agreement (SLA). Task
scheduling is the process of scheduling task (user requests) to certain resources and it is an NP-complete problem. The primary objectives of scheduling algorithms are to minimize makespan and improve resource utilization. In this research work an attempt is made to implement Artificial Neural
Network (ANN), which is a methodology in machine learning technique and it is applied to implement task scheduling. It is observed that neural network trained with genetic algorithm will outperforms default genetic algorithm by an average efficiency of 25.56%.
Detection of Sleep Apnea Disorder Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classification Method
Authors: Bali Jyoti , Nandi Anilkumar V. , Hiremath P. S. , Patil Poornima
Published: December 2020

The proposed work aims at developing a solution for the detection of sleep apnea disorder using ECG signal analysis, which is an established diagnostic modality. Under this work, the standard research resource, ECG-Apnea database from MIT’s Physionet.org., having ECG signal night
time recordings, is used. The sequential procedure of Preprocessing, Peak or QRS complex detection, Feature extraction, Feature reduction, and Classification is used. Preprocessing of the ECG signal is performed to free it from noise resulted from baseline wander, power-line interference,
and muscle artifacts. Thus, the improved signal quality is estimated in terms of its Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and entropy value. QRS detection is implemented using the popular Pan-Tompkins algorithm that provides the reference for the feature extraction process. The performance of the detection
algorithm is measured in terms of the average values of accuracy and specificity as 98% and 96%, respectively. Feature extraction algorithm involves the collection of selected 30 feature values related to the time domain and the frequency domain gathered from each of the test recordings of
the ECG database, minute-wise for 7 hours. Feature reduction technique is followed to reduce the data size to a set of 20 ECG signal features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and avoid redundancy. Hence the trained Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier is used on the output feature set derived
from PCA to detect the presence or absence of Sleep apnea disorder with an estimated accuracy and specificity as 95% and 96%, respectively.
An Empirical Analysis of Preprocessing Tasks for Unstructured Data
Authors: Goswami Mausumi , Purkayastha B. S.
Published: December 2020

Nowadays computing systems are able to learn, reason, hear and see. Enormous amount of new opportunities are created by artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence has given two promising technologies. One such technology is NLP. Text Mining is also a promising area. These technologies
enable and empower users to transform/map the key content in texts lying in documents into quantitative insight or to draw conclusion. Document Classification using supervised and unsupervised learning has a huge list of applications. Soft computing techniques like fuzzy logic helps to find
a practical solution. This work proposes a methodology which is found to be significant while clustering unstructured data. The empirical analysis is included to demonstrate the improvement in document representation by using sparsification. Experiments are conducted on 5500 emails. Proposed
methodology showed a significant improvement in representation of unstructured data.
Psychoacoustical Differentiation with Regard to the Perception of Pitch—A Comparison Between Musicians and Non-Musicians
Authors: Desai Dattatreya Muthalik , Sanjay H. S. , Ankitha S. , Prithvi B. S. , Dinesh P. A.
Published: December 2020

Psychoacoustics is considered to be a category of psychophysics and is termed as the assessment of auditory or sound perception and deals with perception of sound among different human beings. Psychoacoustics is a very qualitative phenomenon and is often the reason for an individual
to perceive the sound in different manner, as compared to another. This effect is more prominent in music wherein a given music bit may seem good to one, whereas, another may perceive it as bad. For this to happen, various attributes of sound play an important part, in the categorization based
on psychoacoustical perception. The present work considered pitch as the varying attribute and provided a comparative assessment of sound, based on the variation of pitch in terms of Pitch Detection Threshold (PDTh) between trained musicians and non-musicians. 44 subjects of both conditioned
and controlled set were considered for this study and were made to undergo the Pitch Detection Test (PDT) to assess their PDTh. Two trials were conducted, once in the morning and the other in the evening. The results provided substantial cue to conclude that the musicians had a better PDTh
(6.83 dB) than the control set (31.31 dB). Also, the PDTh was better in the morning trials, as compared to their evening counterparts. This could be attributed to the professional training in music, due to which the conditioned set outperformed the control set of subjects. Such an analysis
could aid in the assessment of auditory perceptive abilities and their improvement with music and hence indicate the plausible improvement in the auditory perception with music based raaga therapy. Further, more attributes such as intensity and frequency could be encompassed to provide stronger
relationship between perception and learning, in this case being music training sessions, which could also work as therapy for certain auditory perceptive disorders.
Creating a Custom Virtual Private Cloud and Launch an Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Instance in Your Virtual Private Cloud
Authors: Niranjanamurthy M. , Amulya M. P. , Niveditha N. M. , Dayananda P.
Published: December 2020

Cloud Computing is regarded to as putting away and getting to data over the web. The hard disk of your PC doesn’t hold this data. In Cloud computing, you can get to information from a remote server. Amazon Web Services (AWS) enables adaptable, solid, versatile, simple to-utilize
and practical Cloud computing arrangements. AWS is an extensive, simple to utilize processing stage offered Amazon. A virtual private cloud (VPC) is devoted to the AWS account which is in the AWS cloud that acts coherently detached with different virtual systems. Amazon EC2 is a secure web
administration which allows register with the modifiable limit in the cloud .In this work, we are giving route subtleties of Creating a custom VPC and dispatch an EC2 Instance in your VPC.
Design and Development of Android Libraries to be Leveraged by Developer for Better Application Automation
Authors: Hassan Afshan , Wahid Sheikh Aamir , Prasad Devendra , Ghosh Pinaki
Published: December 2020

In computer programming jargon, a library can be defined as a collection of prewritten routines that are compiled in advance for use by a programmer. Owing to the popularity of android the developer community envisions the development of android libraries for Android application developers
to minimize the coding effort. The focus of this paper revolves around the development of Android libraries which hold great relevance in this digital age. The libraries developed will revolutionize and become soul of hub for application developers. The aim is to kindle service that is yet
defying factor in Android application. The newly introduced features will reduce the time and effort that is otherwise invested while developing an Android application and thus this work will serve its destined purpose.
Statistical Performance Evaluation of Various Metaheuristic Scheduling Techniques for Cloud Environment
Authors: Aggarwal Ambika , Dimri Priti , Agarwal Amit
Published: December 2020

Cloud computing has become the need of the hour as almost all businesses have started using the pay per use model proposed by cloud architecture instead of buying their own resources. Scheduling tasks to these sharable resources is a critical aspect of cloud computing and an area which
is attracting many researchers. Scheduling workflows on a cloud architecture becomes even more critical as it contains a set of dependant tasks, and is considered an NP-hard problem. In this paper, various traditional meta-heuristic scheduling techniques have been implemented and their performance
has been evaluated based on two parameters, Flowtime and Makespan. The various algorithms like PSO, DE, ETC, ABC, GA and FFOA are implemented using CloudSim and their performance is statistically evaluated in order to obtain minimized Flowtime and Makespan.
Privacy Preserving Anonymization Schemes-On Transaction Data Publishing
Authors: Nehra Nisha , Kumar Suneet
Published: December 2020

Now days, due to the sheer amount of data, its complexity and the rate at which it is generated, traditional algorithms that are present so far for the privacy preservation of relation data publishing are not capable enough to ensure privacy as efficiently for transactional data also.
From last two decades the interest also increases to provide better data preserving schemes for data publishing. There are a number of algorithms, schemes, models and techniques in the literature that ensure privacy against identity disclosure and attribute disclosure attacks. This paper is
a comprehensive survey of the past work done in the field of anonymization to provide privacy against transactional data publishing.
Ranking Top Similar Documents for User Query Based on Normalized Vector Cosine Similarity Model
Authors: Yogish Deepa , Manjunath T. N. , Yogish H. K. , Hegadi Ravindra S.
Published: December 2020

As the technology is developing information in each fields like literature, technology, science, medicine etc., also increasing in high pace. To extract related document in huge collection of documents based on user query in digital world is an interesting problem. Documents similarity
Technique used in many applications like text categorization, plagiarism discernment, document clustering, information retrieval, machine translation and question answering system. Many algorithms have been developed for this purpose that take a document or input query and match it with the
document databases. This paper proposes novel approach to vectorize each document and query with normalized TF-IDF method and applying Cosine Similarity function to extract top 3 documents based on user query.
The Development of Student Professional Competence in the Field of Modeling Technological Processes in the Oil and Gas Industry Based on Computer Mathematics
Authors: Kozlov Anatoly , Lapteva Svetlana , Shevnina Tatyana
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to improve the professional competence of students in the field of modeling technological processes in the oil and gas industry and performing strength calculations of the oil and gas equipment operation based on mathematical software (MathCAD). The research
relies on the analysis of scientific and educational literature, generalization of the experience of specialized universities, comparative analysis of teaching methods used in the area, as well as a pedagogical experiment, which confirmed the effectiveness of the results achieved. The study
resulted in the development of specialized courses (MathCad-based modeling of the technological equipment operation and Modeling of technological processes of the transportation of oil and gas products) based on the formulated mathematical problems for the MathCAD system, which effectively
improved the professional competence of students in the field of modeling oil and gas production processes based on computer mathematics. The acquired competences can further contribute to the improvement of academic performance and more effective training of engineering students. The specialized
courses and fundamental approaches to the use of mathematical software to facilitate the solution of engineering problems can be widely implemented in the learning process to train specialists in the oil and gas industry and related sectors.