bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Modeling of Electric Vehicle Charging Pattern Associated with Residential Load for Voltage Unbalance Assessment
Authors: Ul-Haq Azhar , Azhar Marium , Mahmoud Yousef , Perwaiz Aqib , Al-Ammar Essam
Published: September 2017

It has been recognized that an increased penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) may potentially alter load profile in a distribution network. As EVs are regarded as a diversely distributed load so a deterministic method, to predict EV charging load, may not account for all possible factors that could affect the power system. Thus, a stochastic approach is applied that takes into account various realistic factors such as EV battery capacity, state of charge (SOC), driving habit/need, i.e., involving type and purpose of trip, plug-in time, mileage, recharging frequency per day, charging power rate and dynamic EV charging price under controlled and uncontrolled charging schemes. A probabilistic model of EVs charging pattern associated with residential load profile is developed. The probabilistic model gives an activity based residential load profile and EV charging pattern over a period of 24 h. Then, the model output is used to assess the power quality index such as voltage unbalance factor under different electric vehicle penetration levels at different nodes of the system. An uneven EV charging scenario is identified that could cause the voltage unbalance to exceed its permissible limit.
Evaluation of Different Dose-Response Models for High Hydrostatic Pressure Inactivation of Microorganisms
Authors: Buzrul Sencer
Published: September 2017

Modeling of microbial inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) requires a plot of the log microbial count or survival ratio versus time data under a constant pressure and temperature. However, at low pressure and temperature values, very long holding times are needed to obtain measurable inactivation. Since the time has a significant effect on the cost of HHP processing it may be reasonable to fix the time at an appropriate value and quantify the inactivation with respect to pressure. Such a plot is called dose-response curve and it may be more beneficial than the traditional inactivation modeling since short holding times with different pressure values can be selected and used for the modeling of HHP inactivation. For this purpose, 49 dose-response curves (with at least 4 log10 reduction and ≥5 data points including the atmospheric pressure value (P = 0.1 MPa), and with holding time ≤10 min) for HHP inactivation of microorganisms obtained from published studies were fitted with four different models, namely the Discrete model, Shoulder model, Fermi equation, and Weibull model, and the pressure value needed for 5 log10 (P5) inactivation was calculated for all the models above. The Shoulder model and Fermi equation produced exactly the same parameter and P5 values, while the Discrete model produced similar or sometimes the exact same parameter values as the Fermi equation. The Weibull model produced the worst fit (had the lowest adjusted determination coefficient (R2adj) and highest mean square error (MSE) values), while the Fermi equation had the best fit (the highest R2adj and lowest MSE values). Parameters of the models and also P5 values of each model can be useful for the further experimental design of HHP processing and also for the comparison of the pressure resistance of different microorganisms. Further experiments can be done to verify the P5 values at given conditions. The procedure given in this study can also be extended for enzyme inactivation by HHP.
A Non-Polynomial Gravity Formulation for Loop Quantum Cosmology Bounce
Authors: Chinaglia Stefano , Colléaux Aimeric , Zerbini Sergio
Published: September 2017

Recently the so-called mimetic gravity approach has been used to obtain corrections to the Friedmann equation of General Relativity similar to the ones present in loop quantum cosmology. In this paper, we propose an alternative way to derive this modified Friedmann equation via the so-called non-polynomial gravity approach, which consists of adding geometric non-polynomial higher derivative terms to Hilbert–Einstein action, which are nonetheless polynomials and lead to a second-order differential equation in Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space-times. Our explicit action turns out to be a realization of the Helling proposal of effective action with an infinite number of terms. The model is also investigated in the presence of a non-vanishing cosmological constant, and a new exact bounce solution is found and studied.
The Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk of Santiago Island (Cape Verde) Population due to Potential Toxic Elements Exposure from Soils
Authors: Cabral Pinto Marina , Silva Maria , Ferreira da Silva Eduardo , Marinho-Reis A.
Published: September 2017

The hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk due to the exposure of some potentially toxic elements to the Santiago Island (Cape Verde) population were calculated, considering soil ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact as exposure pathways. The topsoil of Santiago Island, compared with that of the upper continental crust, is enriched with Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn, Mn, and Cd. Hazard indices (HIs) for these metals and the As exposures to the Santiago Island population were calculated, and these calculations were performed for children and adults. For children, HIs were higher than 1 for Co, Cr, and Mn. Therefore, there is an indication of potential non-carcinogenic risk for children, due to the high Co (HI = 2.995), Cr (HI = 1.329), and Mn (HI = 1.126) values in these soils. For the other elements, in adults, there is no potential non-carcinogenic risk. Cancer risk for As, Cd, Cr, and Ni exposures, in adults and children, was calculated, and the results are mainly lower than the carcinogenic target risk of 1 × 10−6 for As, Cd, and Ni. However, in adults, cancer risk is higher than the carcinogenic target risk for Cr. Regarding As, for children, the fraction due to Riskingestion represents 51.6%, while Riskinhalation represents 48.0% and Riskdermalcontact represents only 0.4% of the total risk. For adults, Riskinhalation represents 81.3%, Riskingestion represents 16.6%, and Riskdermal contact represents 2.1%. These results reflect the higher daily ingestion dose for children and the higher inhalation rate and higher dermal contact surface for adults. For the other elements, the cancer risk due to Cr, Ni, and Cd inhalation is always higher for adults than it is for children, reflecting the higher inhalation rate for adults.
Dual Role of MiR-21-Mediated Signaling in HUVECs and Rat Surgical Flap under Normoxia and Hypoxia Condition
Authors: Chang Chih-Hau , Yen Meng-Chi , Liao Ssu-Hui , Hsu Yu-Ling , Lai Chung-Sheng , Kuo Yur-Ren , Hsu Ya-Ling
Published: September 2017

Restoring sufficient vascularity of the ischemia/hypoxia flap is always the critical issue in flap surgeries. In a previous studies microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression was upregulated after rat skin flap surgery. MiR-21 has been reported to be induced by hypoxia and the function of miR-21 involves in the process of angiogenesis. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms in miR-21-mediated pathways are still unclear. These issues were investigated via in vitro and in vivo experiments in this study. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), the expression of hsa-miR-21-5p was induced after hypoxic culture and the induction of hsa-miR-21-5p was suppressed after sequential normoxic culture. Moreover, transfection of hsa-miR-21-5p mimic enhanced tube formation capacity in normoxia, but attenuated it in hypoxia. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis suggested that SMAD7 was a predicted target of hsa-miR-21-5p. Our results demonstrated the effect of hsa-miR-21-5p was different on SMAD7 expression in normoxia and hypoxia. In rat skin flaps, blockage of miR-21-5p significantly increased angiogenesis via analysis of color laser Doppler imaging and repressed SMAD7 expression in ischemic skin tissue. Our study showed the opposite effect of miR-21-5p mediating angiogenesis in normoxia and hypoxia, providing important implications regarding the design of novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies in flap surgeries.
Rapid Evaporation of Water on Graphene/Graphene-Oxide: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Li Qibin , Xiao Yitian , Shi Xiaoyang , Song Shufeng
Published: September 2017

To reveal the mechanism of energy storage in the water/graphene system and water/grapheme-oxide system, the processes of rapid evaporation of water molecules on the sheets of graphene and graphene-oxide are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that both the water/graphene and water/grapheme-oxide systems can store more energy than the pure water system during evaporation. The hydroxyl groups on the surface of graphene-oxide are able to reduce the attractive interactions between water molecules and the sheet of graphene-oxide. Also, the radial distribution function of the oxygen atom indicates that the hydroxyl groups affect the arrangement of water molecules at the water/graphene-oxide interface. Therefore, the capacity of thermal energy storage of the water/graphene-oxide system is lower than that of the water/graphene system, because of less desorption energy at the water/graphene-oxide interface. Also, the evaporation rate of water molecules on the graphene-oxide sheet is slower than that on the graphene sheet. The Leidenfrost phenomenon can be observed during the evaporation process in the water/grapheme-oxide system.
The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems
Authors: Burnos Piotr , Rys Dawid
Published: September 2017

Weigh-in-Motion systems are tools to prevent road pavements from the adverse phenomena of vehicle overloading. However, the effectiveness of these systems can be significantly increased by improving weighing accuracy, which is now insufficient for direct enforcement of overloaded vehicles. Field tests show that the accuracy of Weigh-in-Motion axle load sensors installed in the flexible (asphalt) pavements depends on pavement temperature and vehicle speeds. Although this is a known phenomenon, it has not been explained yet. The aim of our study is to fill this gap in the knowledge. The explanation of this phenomena which is presented in the paper is based on pavement/sensors mechanics and the application of the multilayer elastic half-space theory. We show that differences in the distribution of vertical and horizontal stresses in the pavement structure are the cause of vehicle weight measurement errors. These studies are important in terms of Weigh-in-Motion systems for direct enforcement and will help to improve the weighing results accuracy.
A Multicenter Retrospective Survey of Refractive Surgery in 78,248 Eyes
Authors: Kamiya Kazutaka , Igarashi Akihito , Hayashi Ken , Negishi Kazuno , Sato Masaki , Bissen-Miyajima Hiroko ,   Survey Working Group of the Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:

To retrospectively evaluate the current practice, trends, and outcomes of refractive surgery in Japan.

METHODS:

This multicenter survey comprised 78,248 eyes of 39,727 consecutive patients who underwent refractive surgery at 45 major institutions in Japan. The corresponding ophthalmologists responded to a selfadministered questionnaire. The authors especially evaluated the safety, efficacy, predictability, stability, and adverse events of LASIK and phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

The most common refractive surgery was LASIK (90.9%), followed by corneal inlay (5.0%), posterior chamber phakic IOL implantation (1.3%), laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (1.0%), refractive lens exchange (0.9%), photorefractive keratectomy (0.3%), and refractive lenticule extraction (0.2%). For subgroup analysis, 69,987 eyes (99.5%) and 67,512 eyes (95.9%) achieved corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better, respectively, after LASIK, and 935 eyes (98.8%) and 890 eyes (94.1%), respectively, after phakic IOL implantation. There were 69,176 eyes (98.3%) and 908 eyes (96.0%) within ±1.00 diopter (D) of the attempted correction after LASIK and phakic IOL implantation, respectively. There were 1,926 eyes (2.7%) and 1 eye (0.1%) with changes in refraction of 1.00 D or less from 1 week to 3 months after LASIK and phakic IOL implantation, respectively. No vision-threatening complications occurred in any case.

CONCLUSIONS:

According to this survey, LASIK remains the most prevalent surgical technique in Japan. Both LASIK and phakic IOL implantation offered good safety and efficacy outcomes, yielding predictable and stable results.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):598–602.]
Development and characterization of the first 16 microsatellites loci for Panulirus pascuensis (Decapoda: Palinuridae) from Easter Island using Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Díaz Cabrera Ernesto , Meerhoff Erika , Rojas Hernandez Noemi , Vega Retter Caren , Veliz David
Published: September 2017

The spiny lobster Panulirus pascuensis stands out among the endemic species of Easter Island, due to its cultural and economic importance. A total of 16 microsatellite loci were characterized in 18 individuals, 9 of which were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles per locus was 3.44 (2-6) and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.11 to 0.93. None of the loci exhibited significant linkage disequilibrium or departures from HWE. These new microsatellites will be used to obtain information about migration, population structure and genetic diversity of P. pascuensis in order to improve the future sustainable management and conservation plans.
Coal preparation flowsheet signal flowgraph
Authors: Salama A I A , Mikhail M W
Published: September 2017

yes
Technology transfer from oil sands and copper mining to surface coal mining
Authors: Singhal R K , Golosinski T S
Published: September 2017

Areas of surface mining are outlined where practices from non-coal surface mine operations such as oil sands ad copper mining will contribute to increased productivity. Emphasis is on mining methods, materials handling and various forms of
computerization.
Steep seam coal mining in Western Canada by open pit mining
Authors: Singhal R K , Osborne D G
Published: September 2017

Canada produces close to 42 million tonnes of coal per annum of which soma 38 million tonnes is produced by surface mining methods. The two Western Canadian provinces, Alberta and British Columbia, produce 31 million tonnes of coal by surface mining. These two
provinces provide the bulk of the metallurgical coal for export. The geological conditions in the Western provinces particularly in the mountain region are complex. The coals are friable and the seams are steeply inclined, sheared, intensely folded and faulted. There may be as many as 15 to 20 coal
seams present with true thickness ranging from 2.5 m to over 8 m. This paper reviews the surface mining methods used to extract such seams. The difficulties associated with steep seam and multiple seam mining of friable coal resulting in lower coal recovery, high dilution and the problem of cleaning
fine coal in the wash plant have been highlighted.
Preliminary report on studies into gob leakage in the Sydney Coalfield
Authors: Cain P , Stokes A , Genter D
Published: September 2017

Consultations held between the Cape Breton Development Corporation (CBDC) and the Cape Breton Laboratory of the CANMET Coal Research Laboratories (CBCRL) have identified the problem of leakage of intake air through longwall wastes (gobs) as a major problem in the
safe operation of advancing longwall coalfaces. A joint study of the problem was initiated and is currently in progress. It comprises three phases; a review of the effect of previous attempts to control gob leakage, a Department of Supply and Services contract to assess the suitability of gateroad
sealants, and underground investigations into the nature and extent of the problem. This report reviews progress to date in the three phases of the study, and presents a series of recommendations with particular reference to the immediate production schedules at the Lingan
Colliery.
Early detection of fire in coal storage facilities
Authors: Chakravorty R N
Published: September 2017

Recent incidences of fire and explosion in coal storage facilities in Western Canada have resulted in renewed interest in the resolution of problems relating to bulk storage of coal. There is no single criteria by which the susceptibility of a particular coal (in
storage) to. Spontaneous combustion could be firmly assessed. Whilst research to develop substantive criteria continues it is imperative, in the interim, that early warning systems to detect the incipient heating be developed. This paper reviews the various methods used in early detection of heating
with emphasis on those which could be used in bulk coal storage facilities.
Determination of required pack width for a monolithic pack installation in the 9e coal road, Lingan Colliery
Authors: Cain P
Published: September 2017

The decision of the Cape Breton Development Corporation (CBDC) to implement a monolithic pumped packing trial in the 9E coal road at Lingan Colliery necessitated careful consideration of the pack width required to maintain the gateroad. This report describes the
procedure used to recommend a 2.1 m pack width for that trial.
Rapid roadway drivage in coal mining
Authors: Singhal R K , Stewart D B
Published: September 2017

A variety of equipment is being used for roadheading and tunneling in the mining industry. In United States drum-type continuous miners are used most extensively. In Europe and Canada mine roadways are driven mainly by roadheaders. The application of tunnel
boring machines to coal mining is somewhat recent. Such machines are however being used on major projects driving main mine entries. During the last ten years the technology of rapid drivage in coal mines has come a long way. This paper reviews the recent developments in roadheading equipment and
techniques. Reference has been made to Canadian initiatives regarding the application of water jet assisted cutting, development of a full-face rock tunneling machine, an erector-transporter and trials with an Eickhoff ESA-60 face opening machine and polycrystalline diamond tipped
picks.
Characterization and demulsification studies on oilinwater emulsions
Authors: Twa S P , Hamza H A
Published: September 2017

The results of the preliminary screening and testing of seven potential demulsifying chemicals supplied by Bayer A.G. Leverkusen (OBW 264244 - 0BW264250) on an oil-in-water emulsion are described. Four of these chemicals produced clear oil and water separation
with one of them BC-47, producing separation at a concentration as low as 100 ppm. Further tests with BC-47 showed that the best separation resulted when toluene was used as a solvent at a ratio of 2:1 toluene to oil, rather than at lower ratios. Toluene was also found to be a superior solvent to
naptha. The demulsification process was found to produce better results when run at 60 °C than when testing was done at 17 °C.
Air leakage through longwall wastes in the Sydney Coalfield
Authors: Stokes A W
Published: September 2017

The high losses of ventilation air through the caved wastes of the advancing longwall coal faces in the Sydney Coalfield are a continual problem to the mine operator. In excess of 80 percent of the air which enters some longwall sections may short circuit the
face in this way. This can cause health and safety related problems and in addition limit production due to excessively high general body« methane concentrations (greater than 1.25 7.). This paper outlines the field studies which have been undertaken by the Cape Breton Coal Research Laboratory
(CBCRL) to better understand this leakage with a - view to controlling and reducing it. Although not a new phenomena in coal mining, this paper presents a novel approach to solving the problem. Underground ventilation and ground control surveys were conducted to facilitate measurement of the
resistance of the gob. This information enabled the roadway airflows and leakages to be accurately simulated using a digital computer. The gob was divided up into a series of 50 m wide corridors parallel to the face line. Air leakage through these was then measured together with the pressure drop
across the ends. Using these measurements the resistances were then calculated. A wide variation in the gob corridor resistances was noted. A review of the results revealed a strong agreement with the understood effect of other mining parameters such as pillar widths, abutments and rock
consolidation and compaction. Tracer gas was used in further studies to more accurately measure the air leakage and to trace the leakage paths through the gob area. This technique, when refined, may eventually provide a method for determining caving characteristics of rock in inaccessible caved
waste areas.
Highlights of recent research conducted by the Cape Breton Coal Research Laboratory Advanced Technology Group
Authors: Haslett G A
Published: September 2017

The objective of the Advanced Technology Group is to improve the safety, productivity, and resource recovery of Atlantic Canada's coal mines through the introduction of improved technology, equipment and techniques. Most activities of the Advanced Technology
Group are intended to benefit the Cape Breton Development Corporation: the dominant coal producer in Atlantic Canada. This report, prepared in presentation format, outlines the various in-house and contracted out research projects conducted in the past year. Emphasis is placed on two in-house
projects: Frictional Ignition Control through Cutting Pick Modifications and Water Jet Assisted Cutting Technology. Both of these projects are co-operative undertakings between the Cape Breton Coal Research Laboratory Advanced Technology Group and the Cape Breton Development Corporation
(CBDC).
Coal strength parameters derived for the DonkinMorien Harbour seam, Sydney Coalfield, N.S.
Authors: Aston T R C , O'Leary L S , Young D A
Published: September 2017

As part of ongoing geotechnical research activities at the Cape Breton Coal Research Laboratory, samples were collected from the Donkin- Morien Harbour seam bulk coal driveage. A programme of irregular lump point load testing was undertaken and uniaxial and
tensile strength parameters derived. Strength values are given both parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane and an anisotropy index calculated. A preliminary comparison between the Donkin-Morien and other Sydney Coalfield data reveals that the Donkin-Morien Harbour seam properties are very
similar to those obtained from No. 26 Colliery.
Evaluation of applicable to mine planning and scheduling packages coal mining in Canada
Authors: Srajer V , Espinoza R , Muir D
Published: September 2017

During the past several years, a number of mining companies in Canada purchased mine planning and scheduling computer packages to be used to improve production, enhance mine planning, provide tool for periodical reporting and day-to-day monitoring of operations.
A significant number of mining companies are now planning to buy or lease software packages in the near future. The mine operator faces a dilemma: to purchase large and expensive models and also to install large and expensive computer hardware or to gradually develop a computer facility with
personal micro-computers and software developed in-house. The decision as to which way to go is often made improperly and without full understanding of the consequences for future work. The Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET) recently commissioned H.A. Simons (International)
Ltd. of Vancouver, B.C. to evaluate the existing hardware and software applicable to the Canadian mining industry. The contractor mailed a comprehensive questionnaire to over 700 companies internationally and visited several mining companies and software vendors. The responses to the questionnaire,
especially the one related to the Canadian mining are highlighted. The software modules are categorized by their application to the exploration and mine design, mine production and operation, safety and environment and auxiliary processes. The respondents to the questionnaire are sorted by the type
and size of organization they represent, number of mines they operate and the type of mining. The mining application software is categorized by its application in hard and soft rock mining, its usefulness for mine design, production and safety. Trends and areas of interest for development of
computer software are also discussed. Several mine scheduling software packages were investigated in detail and are described in the presentation.
Control of spontaneous combustion of coal through an analysis of its mechanism and the affecting factors
Authors: Das B , Hucka V J
Published: September 2017

Most coals are susceptible to spontaneous heating which in turn creates problem to mining, storage and transportation of coal. It is impossible in actual practice to eliminate spontaneous heating but spontaneous combustion can effecively be controlled through a
clear understanding of its mechanism and the factors influencing it. There are altogether six stages in the process of spontaneous combustion. This includes the water adsorption stage and five oxidation stages: chemi-sorption (upto 70"C), decomposition of peroxygens (70"C-150"C), oxycoal formation
(150 . 0-230"C), combustion initiation (230%) and active combustion (> 230e). Heat is produced in all these stages. On the other hand heat is also dissipated so that an equilibrium temperature is reached. If this temperature exceeds a certain critical value (generally about 70"C),
coal oxidation may advance to spontaneous combustion. The major factors influencing spontaneous combustion of coal are: coal rank, maceral composition, water, mineral matter, joints and fissures, seam depth and thickness, mine layout, method of ventilation, etc. Susceptibility is high for low rank
coals and generally decreases with increase in rank. Of the macerals, the exinites are generally most susceptible, the inertinites least and the vitrinites somewhere in between. Water plays a major role on the spontaneous heating of coal, assisting in someways and inhibiting in others. Unrecovered
coal in the gob (generally in thick seams) is a major source of fire hazards and this is specially important in shallow mines. Proper design of mine ventilation system can substantially reduce the risk of mine fire. Panel layout and load transfer can affect the development of induced cracks which in
turn influence spontaneous heating. Finally, the difference between the spontaneous heating of coal in a seam and that in storage or transportation is mainly due to the change in moisture content, air circulation through the coal and coal fragmentation. These aspects have been analyzed in this paper
with a view to reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion.
A review and evaluation of empirical and analytical subsidence prediction techniques
Authors: Aston T R C , Tammemagi H Y , Poon A W
Published: September 2017

A review and evaluation of empirical and analytical subsidence prediction techniques was undertaken as part of a long-term research programme into seafloor subsidence criteria in the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia. Empirical methods reviewed include the National
Coal Board type curves, profile and influence functions, incremental design and stochastic methods. Analytical methods reviewed include closed form elastic solutions, finite difference, finite element, boundary integral and a mechanistic model. After an initial review of the empirical and analytical
methods as well as the available computer programs for subsidence prediction, a comparison is made between the results obtained from six specific prediction methods applied to a hypothetical case history typical of the Sydney Coalfield.
Microseismic data processing associated with monitoring of mine slope instabilities
Authors: Stuart N J , Vladut T
Published: September 2017

yes
Measurements of respirable dust concentrations by using various samplers in underground coal mines
Authors: Hwang C Y
Published: September 2017

The specific etiological factors of coal workers' pneumoconiosis have not yet been fully understood. The prevention of this occupational disease depends upon elimination or suppression of airborne dust to which miners are exposed. The Canada Centre for Mineral
and Energy Technology's (CANMET) research on respirable dust in underground coal mines emphasizes the identification and control of dust sources and the investigation of the mineralogical composition of the airborne dust. As part of the Centre's ongoing research program, measurements of respirable
dust concentrations were made by using various personal samplers and portable sampling systems in two underground coal mines. The relationships between concentrations measured by different samplers and those determined by Casella Gravimetric Samplers (CGS) Type 113A are described. Dust
concentrations determined by personal samplers consisting of DuPont constant flow pumps (Model P-2500A) fitted with Casella cyclones approached that determined by the CGS. Personal samplers consisting of MSA Fixt-Flo pumps (Model I) fitted with Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclones measured respirable
concentration values on an average at 46% for the one mine and 58% for the other mine of the values determined by the CGS. The end-of-shift average respirable dust concentrations determined by a SIMSLIN II light-scattering system were lower than those measured by the CGS (with an average
ratio 0.58 for the one mine and 0.81 for the other mine), while concentrations determined by weighing the filters used in the SIMSLIN II were higher than those measured by the CGS (with an average ratio 1.16 for the one mine and 1.19 for the other mine). Two Anderson Eight-Stage Marple Personal
Cascade Impactors which evaluated respirable dust concentrations and respirable fractions of coal mine dust were also used and preliminary results show that the respirable dust concentration ratio of the cascade impactor to the CGS varies from 0.69 to 1.03. Precision and practical aspects of coal
mine dust measurement by using personal samplers and other sampling systems are discussed.
Design, construction and maintenance of surface mine haulage roads
Authors: Collins J L , Fytas K , Singhal R K
Published: September 2017

yes
Chemical characterization of an on emulsion interface via electron microscope observation of a frozen hydrated sample
Authors: Mikula R J
Published: September 2017

The emulsion samples used in this study were prepared from a tar sands bitumen, distilled water and a commercial emulsifier. Direct observation of 0/W emulsion systems in the electron microscope is made possible by freezing the emulsions in a liquid nitrogen
slush and mounting them on a cold stage in the electron microscope. X-ray analysis capabilities are retained with direct observation and this is a distinct advantage compared to the analysis of replicas. The qualitative x-ray studies completed so far show that it is possible to distinguish the
chemical compositional differences of the dispersed and continuous phases, as well as to determine details about the composition of the interface itself.
Rheinland's mine Hambach in West Germany
Authors: Srajer V
Published: September 2017

The open cast mine Hambach in the Rheinland coal mining district was visited on Monday, October 27, 1986. The Hambach mine development commenced in 1978 - it is newest and largest German mine today. The annual production in 1986 is expected to reach 20 Mt of
lignite. When fully developed, the mine will be capable to produce 50 Mt of lignite annually. The world's largest bucket wheel excavators are employed at the mine. The Hambach mine is expected to replace production from Villa, Frechen and later Fortuna mine, as these operations are phased
out.
Surface coal mining in Yugoslavia
Authors: Srajer V
Published: September 2017

The surface coal mines in the Tuzla basin in Yugoslavia were visited on Monday, November 24, 1986. At present, total annual production from the region is 5.57 Mt, planning to be increased to 10 Mt by the year 2000. Almost 60 % of the coal production now is
from underground mines. By the year 2000 this ratio will change to 80 % of production from surface mines. An extensive construction program is underway. New surface mines have been opened using continuous mining systems supplied by East and West Germany, Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union. New
thermal power stations and briquette plants are being build. Over 11 000 people are employed at the mines.
Remote measurement of methane in coal mines : A review
Authors: Konda B W , Mitchner R C , Hollinger A B
Published: September 2017

The report outlines the need for a device to measure methane concentrations remotely in underground coal mines. It goes onto describe briefly the analytical techniques using electromagnetic radiation that have been used to measure the atmospheric pollutants
remotely. Raman scattering and differential absorption techniques are examined for their suitability in the development of a portable and permissible methane measuring instrument.
Map display program software
Authors: Srajer V , Stuart N J , Heximer M , Veldhuis W , Neumiller C
Published: September 2017

In this report, two sets of programs, that were developed as part of the overall deterministic truck and shovel model, are described. The first program, "RMAP" will display mine haulage networks created by digitizing at the VT 240 terminal. The second program
called "VMAP" will display similar network at the Vaxstation 100 graphics screen. The step-by-step instruction and execution of the program is explained. A listing of both programs in Fortran 77 is enclosed for further reference.
Geoenvironmental characteristics of Canadian critical metal deposits
Authors: Parsons M
Published: September 2017

The extraction and processing of critical metals such as niobium (Nb) and the rare earth elements (REEs) has led to environmental degradation in some parts of the world, but there are few published studies of these environmental impacts and related risks to human
health. Recent studies in Quebec by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) are providing new geoscience knowledge on the geoenvironmental characteristics of Nb and REE deposits. This knowledge should help to reduce the environmental risks of future development of these important resources.
In FY 2016-2017, GSC scientists collected samples of mine waste, surface water and groundwater at the abandoned St. Lawrence Columbium mine in Oka, Quebec to better understand the distribution, transport, and fate of metals and radionuclides at this former Nb mine. A gamma-ray spectrometer was used
to measure the radiation emitted by decay of naturally occurring uranium (U) and thorium (Th) in the mine waste, and a TerraSpec Halo spectrometer was used to identify specific minerals. Seasonal variations in water quality were measured using instruments installed in groundwater wells, data loggers
installed in two flooded pits, and water samplers deployed from a Zodiac in July and October 2016 and from the ice surface in February 2017.
Analyses show that mine site surface waters are weakly alkaline and contain low concentrations of fluorine (F), Nb, REEs, U, Th, radium-226, radium-228 and lead-210. The concentrations of these elements are higher in groundwater and in low-oxygen water deeper than 30 m in one of the open pits. This
suggests that potentially hazardous elements in the local bedrock and mine waste are relatively immobile in well-oxygenated surface water but may be transported in deeper groundwater. Information from this project will be shared with the Municipality of Oka to help with long-term management of the
mine site. The results will also help industry to improve environmental predictions for future Nb- and REE-mines and regulators to develop new environmental guidelines.
Guide sur l'exploration et l'exploitation minières pour les communautés autochtones
Authors:   Minerals and Metals Sector
Published: September 2017

Preface
The original Mining Information Kit for Aboriginal Communities, which this document updates and replaces, was published in 2006. It was a partnership project between the Minerals and Metals Sector of Natural Resources Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, The Mining Association
of Canada, the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada, and the
Canadian Aboriginal Minerals Association.
This revised Guide was developed by reviewing user feedback on the 2006 version and through a process involving an advisory committee. The advisory committee comprised the original partners of the Mining Information Kit for Aboriginal Communities and representatives of Aboriginal organizations,
mining industry, civil society, government, and academia.
It is designed to be used as a complementary tool to existing instruments and as a living document.
Using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to map the fjordic habitats in the Chilean Patagonia: a tool for the development of marine protected areas
Authors: Boswarva K L , Howe J A , Fox C , Abernathy C , Brown K
E
Published: September 2017

The Chilean Patagonia is a sparse environment with approximately one million inhabitants over 240,000 square kilometres. It has one of the world's most expansive coastlines with 84,000 km of inlets, bays, fjords and channels. Recent interest from multiple
stakeholders including marine renewables and salmonid fisheries has led to numerous infrastructural developments, increasing local populations and promoting economic growth. Chilean Patagonia is now the second largest exporter of salmonids in the world. The expansion of aquaculture farms into
pristine waters and the impacts on native species is of high concern and signifies a need to manage the marine environment throughout Chile through mechanisms such as Marine Protected Areas. Current frameworks are restricted by the availability of physical and biological data. Due to remoteness and
inaccessibility, limited underwater surveys have been conducted and the seabed is largely unmapped. The capabilities of unmanned systems allow access to these previously unreachable areas, enabling thorough recording of habitat and biological diversity. A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)
equipped with a 500 kHz Geoswath bathymetric sonar and high resolution colour camera will be deployed in multiple locations throughout Chilean Patagonia encompassing a suite of oceanographic conditions; from coastal to freshwater fjords. Data will be processed using Caris HIPS and SIPS to identify
backscatter, bathymetry, slope and rugosity. The in-built camera aims to produce high quality images of quantitative and qualitative ecological data. This data combined with supervised classification methodology will be used to produce predictive habitat maps. These methods form a novel and
innovative proxy for calculating large-scale spatial biodiversity and therefore a useful marine spatial planning tool, with global application.
An ecoregional assessment of the North Atlantic
Authors: Broughton D , Helaouet P , Graham G , Edwards M
Published: September 2017

The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey is one of the longest running marine biological monitoring programmes in the world. Started in 1931 by Sir Alister Hardy, the survey uses mechanical samplers, which collect marine plankton on a moving band of silk,
towed behind "vessels of opportunity". Today the CPR survey is operated by the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), located in Plymouth, UK, and operates 21 sampling transects, at monthly frequency, across the global ocean. Uniquely, the CPR survey's methods of sampling and
plankton analysis remain unchanged since 1948, providing a spatio-temporally comprehensive 70+ year record of marine plankton dynamics. SAHFOS monitors the pulse of the oceans through the plankton and contributes to the significant scientific effort that advises political decisions on a global
scale.
Biannually, SAHFOS produces the Global Marine Ecological Status report, which provides a synopsis on the state of change in marine plankton dynamics in the world's oceans. As part of the AtlantOS project (https://www.atlantos-h2020.eu) and to make our data more discoverable, we undertook to
translate the North Atlantic section of this report into an interactive web-based product. The primary motivation for this is to make the hardcopy visualisations provided in the Global Marine Ecological Status explorable to end-users, and the underlying data accessible by direct download.
The web project (http://192.171.193.51/sahfos_demo/web-viz.html) is based on a GeoServer instance, providing both base maps and geographic features. The application uses OpenLayers 3 to make WMS and WFS requests to GeoServer. Over the base map, we overlay 41 "CPR Standard Areas". These are
approximately rectangular in the open ocean, but roughly conforming to the continental shelves inshore, and with coastlines constructed from NOAA's "Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Geography". Users can select one or more areas and a date range, and the type of charts to be
shown.
Upon selection, the corresponding vessel routes and sample locations are dynamically overlaid on the map and, at the same time, "heatmap" charts for the user-selected variables are displayed. The charts are generated purely in Javascript using Plotly.
Once displayed, the users may then choose to download any of the charts, or the data used to produce the charts as a spreadsheet.
In the future, we plan to add visualizations for all of SAHFOS's standard products, adding maps for monthly means of Phytoplankton Colour Index, Total Diatoms, Total Dinoflagellates, and Total Eyecount Copepods, with the ability to display these as an animation over time.
Wheelchair users, access and exclusion in South African higher education
Authors: Chiwandire Desire , Vincent Louise
Published: September 2017

Background: South Africa’s Constitution guarantees everyone, including persons with disabilities, the right to education. A variety of laws are in place obliging higher education institutions to provide appropriate physical access to education sites for all. In practice, however, many buildings remain inaccessible to people with physical disabilities.Objectives: To describe what measures South African universities are taking to make their built environments more accessible to students with diverse types of disabilities, and to assess the adequacy of such measures.Method: We conducted semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews with disability unit staff members (DUSMs) based at 10 different public universities in South Africa.Results: Challenges with promoting higher education accessibility for wheelchair users include the preservation and heritage justification for failing to modify older buildings, ad hoc approaches to creating accessible environments and failure to address access to toilets, libraries and transport facilities for wheelchair users.Conclusion: South African universities are still not places where all students are equally able to integrate socially. DUSMs know what ought to be done to make campuses more accessible and welcoming to students with disabilities and should be empowered to play a leading role in sensitising non-disabled members of universities, to create greater awareness of, and appreciation for, the multiple ways in which wheelchair user students continue to be excluded from full participation in university life. South African universities need to adopt a systemic approach to inclusion, which fosters an understanding of inclusion as a fundamental right rather than as a luxury.
ActiDote – A wireless sensor-based system for self-tracking activity levels among manual wheelchair users
Authors: Satizabal Hector F. , Grillon Alexandre , Upegui Andres , Millet Gregoire , Picasso Giacomo , Perez-Uribe Andres
Published: September 2017

ActiDote –activity as an antidote– is a system for manual wheelchair users that takes advantage of wireless sensors to recognize activities of various intensity levels in order to allow self-tracking of the physical activity. In this paper, we describe both the hardware setup and the software pipeline that enable our system to operate. Laboratory tests using multi-modal fusion and machine learning reveal promising results on classifying activity levels and assessing energy expenditure during wheelchair propulsion on ramps of dierent slopes and speeds. Our results indicate that it is possible to implement a system that uses the accelerometer of a smartphone as the only sensor in the wheelchair, i.e., by attaching it to the wheelchair frame. Additionally, the user might wear a smartwatch equipped with an accelerometer to enrich the system and enhance its performance.
Twinkle Megane: Evaluation of Near-Eye LED Indicators on Glasses for Simple and Smart Navigation in Daily Life
Authors: Firouzian Aryan , Kashimoto Yukitoshi , Yamamoto Goshiro , Keranen Niina , Asghar Zeeshan , Pulli Petri
Published: September 2017

We present an eyeglass-type wearable device that has light emitting diode (LED) indicators on the frame. The device produces lighting patterns of 14 RGB LEDs near user’s eyes as guiding information. Since installed LEDs are light and saving power, it is feasible to develop it for daily use. On the other hand, it cannot provide rich information such as text or images. In this study, we aim to realize a remote assistive system that provides assistive commands by visual cues from remote sites. Especially, we consider elderlies who are suering from mild cognitive impairment as users. They would be one of potential user groups since the device does not block their sights by text or images and it can be worn in daily life without the additional sense of restraint. This paper explains our conceptual assistive system structure, a prototype eyeglass-type device with near-eye LED indicators and usability experimentation in simple detecting and walking navigational tasks.
Boundary Quotient -algebras of Products of Odometers
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Dilian
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we study the boundary quotient$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebras associated with products of odometers. One of our main results shows that the boundary quotient$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra of the standard product of$k$odometers over$n_{i}$-letter alphabets$(1\leqslant i\leqslant k)$is always nuclear, and that it is a UCT Kirchberg algebra if and only if$\{\ln n_{i}:1\leqslant i\leqslant k\}$is rationally independent, if and only if the associated single-vertex$k$-graph$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra is simple. To achieve this, one of our main steps is to construct a topological$k$-graph such that its associated Cuntz–Pimsner$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra is isomorphic to the boundary quotient$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra. Some relations between the boundary quotient$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra and the$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra$\text{Q}_{\mathbb{N}}$introduced by Cuntz are also investigated.
System Optimization Algorithm for 3DOF Quarter Car Active Suspension
Authors: Shehan M.K. , Sahari B.B. , Jalil N.A.B.A. , Hong T.S. , Asarry A.B.
Published: September 2017

This paper handles the synergy between the design and control optimization problem for an active car suspension system consisting both active and passive components. The dynamics of the suspension system are modeled utilizing a three degree of freedom (3DOF), linear with time invariant quarter car model with capability to capture the impact of the passive stiffness on suspension deflection depending up on the spectral density of road disturbances. Direct transcription, a strategy which guarantees system optimality, is presented and utilized to find the optimal design of the suspension system. The active system dynamics were analyzed with modified level of control force to examine how dynamic system should be designed accordingly when the active control force is introduced.
Sociologiseren met Randall Collins: een interview over emoties, geweld, aandachtsvelden en de sociologie
Authors: van der Zeeuw Alex , Keesman Laura , Weenink Don
Published: September 2017

Een interview met de Amerikaanse socioloog Randall Collins.