bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Don’t stop me now: Psychological effects of interrupting a moving pedestrian crowd and a video game
Authors: Üsten Ezel , Sieben Anna
Published: July 2023

Interruptions are a part of our everyday lives. They are inevitable in complex societies, especially when many people move from one place to another as a part of their daily routines. The main aim of this research is to understand the effects of interruptions on individuals from a psychological and crowd dynamics perspective. Two studies were conducted to investigate this issue, with each focusing on different types of interruptions and examining their psychological (emotion, motivation, arousal) and physiological (heart rate) components. Study 1 examined interruptions in a video game setting and systematically varied goal proximity (N = 61). It was hypothesized that being interrupted in the later stages of goal pursuit would create a high aroused impatience state, while interruptions in the earlier stages would produce a low aroused boredom state. However, the results showed that the hypothesized groupwise differences were not observed. Instead, interruptions created annoyance in all conditions, both psychologically and physiologically. Study 2 investigated interruptions in pedestrian crowds (N = 301) and used a basic motivational dichotomy of high and low motivation. In the experiments, crowds (80–100 participants) were asked to imagine that they were entering a concert hall consisting of a narrow bottleneck. The low motivation group reported feeling bored during the interruption, while the high motivation group reported feeling impatient. Additionally, a motivational decrease was observed for the high motivation group due to the interruption. This drop in motivation after the interruption is also reflected in the measured density (person/m2) in front of the bottleneck. Overall, both studies showed that interruption can have significant effects on individuals, including psychological and physiological impacts. The observed motivational decrease through interruption is particularly relevant for crowd management, but further investigation is needed to understand the context-specific effects of interruptions.
Epidemiological analysis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients on ships arriving at Busan port in Korea, 2020
Authors: Do Kee Hun , Yang Jinseon , Do Ok Sook , Yoo Seok-Ju
Published: July 2023

Quarantine played an important role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases between countries in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, in ports, infection during transit can cause a large number of patients on board ships and can flow into the community. In this study investigated cause of the cause of transmission in ships and suggested the way of preventing secondary transmission by analyzing clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients identified at Busan Port (South Korea) in 2020. During the study period, out of 19,396 ships that arrived at Busan Port, 50 ships had COVID-19 confirmed cases. Among the 50 ships, type of deep-sea fishing vessels (24 ships, 48.0%), ships weighing less than 5,000 tons (31 ships, 62.0%), and ships from Russia (41 ships, 82.0%) had the highest positivity rates. Total 283 of the 25,450 arrivals tested positive for COVID-19 (a positivity rate of 1.1%), and 270 (95.4%) were asymptomatic. Moreover, the number of COVID-19 patients increased with the duration of the waiting period between arrival and sample collection (12.7% to 37.4%), and the positivity rate was significantly higher for those working as stewards (64.3%). These results indicate secondary transmission was active on board ships and that infection among stewards importantly contributed to group outbreaks. In addition, onboard residence time after arrival significantly elevated to COVID-19 positivity rates, indicating that rapid isolation, as determined using various screening techniques, might be effective at preventing onboard transmission and subsequent community outbreaks.
The impact of digital economy on regional technological innovation capability: An analysis based on China’s provincial panel data
Authors: Tian Zhenxing , Li Ying , Niu Xiaogeng , Liu Meiyu
Published: July 2023

The development of the digital economy in China facilitates the transformation of old and new growth drivers. It can greatly promote the upgrading of technological innovation capacity, realize economies of scale and scope, and constantly promote the generation of new industries and new forms of business with the deep integration of digital economy and traditional industries, thereby promoting the high-quality development of China’s economy. This paper uses inter-provincial panel data from 2013 to 2020 and a dynamic spatial Durbin model to quantify the impact of the digital economy on regional technological innovation capability (RTIC). The results show that: (1) the digital economy has positive spatial spillover effect and can boost the province’s and neighboring provinces’ regional technological innovation capability; (2) regional technological innovation capability has obvious spatial and temporal aggregation effects; (3) the impact of the digital economy on RTIC is mainly short-term effects, and there is regional heterogeneity, with the western region experiencing the highest effects and the eastern region experiencing less. Therefore, it is urgent to accelerate the development speed of the digital economy, grasp the law of dynamic economic development, identify the regional heterogeneity of the digital economy development, and deepen inter-regional digital technology cooperation to comprehensively drive the improvement of regional technological innovation capability.
Factors associated with home death in South Korea: Using the exit data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, 2008–2018
Authors: Cheon Jooyoung , Kim Dong Hee , Cho Chung Min
Published: July 2023

Background

Even though home deaths have been reported to improve quality of life, satisfy patients and families, and reduce healthcare expenditures, not enough is known about the factors that influence home deaths in Korea.

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the factors associated with home deaths among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea.

Methods

This secondary data analysis used core interview and exit interview data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging conducted between 2008 and 2018. The deceased included adults over the age of 45 years. The exit data were obtained from interviews with family members or other acquaintances known to the deceased every two years since 2008. Complex-sample logistic regression was conducted using 1,565 middle-aged and older deceased adults.

Results

Among 1,565 decedents, the average age at the time of death was 80.67±10.69 in the home death group, and 78.72±9.83 in the non-home death group. The proportion of home-related deaths was 26.4%. Age over 81 years was associated with increased odds of home death, whereas having two or more living children, living in town/small city, paid medical expenses by children/grandchildren and their spouses, expected death, death from disease, and having three or more chronic diseases were associated with decreased odds of home death. An increase in activities of daily living during three months before death was associated with a decrease in home death.

Conclusion

The findings could help healthcare professionals develop tailored interventions to help people die at their preferred place of death based on family characteristics and healthcare accessibility. Age, residential area, number of children and children’s financial support, and illness-related factors influenced home death by creating differences in access to healthcare resources and support. Policymakers should decrease healthcare disparities and improve health resource allocation and home-based care.
Applicability of F-specific bacteriophage subgroups, PMMoV and crAssphage as indicators of source specific fecal contamination and viral inactivation in rivers in Japan
Authors: Meuchi Yuno , Nakada Miu , Kuroda Keisuke , Hanamoto Seiya , Hata Akihiko
Published: July 2023

To date, several microbes have been proposed as potential source-specific indicators of fecal pollution. 16S ribosomal RNA gene markers of the Bacteroidales species are the most widely applied due to their predominance in the water environment and source specificity. F-specific bacteriophage (FPH) subgroups, especially FRNA phage genogroups, are also known as potential source-specific viral indicators. Since they can be quantified by both culture-based and molecular assays, they may also be useful as indicators for estimating viral inactivation in the environment. Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and crAssphage, which are frequently present in human feces, are also potentially useful as human-specific indicators of viral pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of FPH subgroups, PMMoV, and crAssphage as indicators of source-specific fecal contamination and viral inactivation using 108 surface water samples collected at five sites affected by municipal and pig farm wastewater. The host specificity of the FPH subgroups, PMMoV, and crAssphage was evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) along with other microbial indicators, such as 16S ribosomal RNA gene markers of the Bacteroidales species. The viabilities (infectivity indices) of FRNA phage genogroups were estimated by comparing their numbers determined by infectivity-based and molecular assays. The PCA explained 58.2% of the total information and classified microbes into three groups: those considered to be associated with pig and human fecal contamination and others. Infective and gene of genogroup IV (GIV)-FRNA phage were assumed to be specific to pig fecal contamination, while the genes of GII-FRNA phage and crAssphage were identified to be specific to human fecal contamination. However, PMMoV, infective GI-FRNA phage, and FDNA phage were suggested to not be specific to human or pig fecal contamination. FRNA phage genogroups, especially the GIV-FRNA phage, were highly inactivated in the warm months in Japan (i.e., July to November). Comparing the infectivity index of several FRNA phage genogroups or other viruses may provide further insight into viral inactivation in the natural environment and by water treatments.
Use of very short answer questions compared to multiple choice questions in undergraduate medical students: An external validation study
Authors: van Wijk Elise V. , Janse Roemer J. , Ruijter Bastian N. , Rohling Jos H. T. , van der Kraan Jolein , Crobach Stijn , Jonge Mario de , Beaufort Arnout Jan de , Dekker Friedo W. , Langers Alexandra M. J.
Published: July 2023

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) offer high reliability and easy machine-marking, but allow for cueing and stimulate recognition-based learning. Very short answer questions (VSAQs), which are open-ended questions requiring a very short answer, may circumvent these limitations. Although VSAQ use in medical assessment increases, almost all research on reliability and validity of VSAQs in medical education has been performed by a single research group with extensive experience in the development of VSAQs. Therefore, we aimed to validate previous findings about VSAQ reliability, discrimination, and acceptability in undergraduate medical students and teachers with limited experience in VSAQs development. To validate the results presented in previous studies, we partially replicated a previous study and extended results on student experiences. Dutch undergraduate medical students (n = 375) were randomized to VSAQs first and MCQs second or vice versa in a formative exam in two courses, to determine reliability, discrimination, and cueing. Acceptability for teachers (i.e., VSAQ review time) was determined in the summative exam. Reliability (Cronbach’s α) was 0.74 for VSAQs and 0.57 for MCQs in one course. In the other course, Cronbach’s α was 0.87 for VSAQs and 0.83 for MCQs. Discrimination (average Rir) was 0.27 vs. 0.17 and 0.43 vs. 0.39 for VSAQs vs. MCQs, respectively. Reviewing time of one VSAQ for the entire student cohort was ±2 minutes on average. Positive cueing occurred more in MCQs than in VSAQs (20% vs. 4% and 20.8% vs. 8.3% of questions per person in both courses). This study validates the positive results regarding VSAQs reliability, discrimination, and acceptability in undergraduate medical students. Furthermore, we demonstrate that VSAQ use is reliable among teachers with limited experience in writing and marking VSAQs. The short learning curve for teachers, favourable marking time and applicability regardless of the topic suggest that VSAQs might also be valuable beyond medical assessment.
Hepmarc: A 96 week randomised controlled feasibility trial of add-on maraviroc in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Bradshaw Daniel , Abramowicz Iga , Bremner Stephen , Verma Sumita , Gilleece Yvonne , Kirk Sarah , Nelson Mark , Housman Rosalie , Miras Helena , Orkin Chloe , Fox Ashini , Curnock Michael , Jennings Louise , Gompels Mark , Clarke Emily , Robinson Rachel , Lambert Pauline , Chadwick David , Perry Nicky
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Maraviroc may reduce hepatic inflammation in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (HIV-NAFLD) through CCR5-receptor antagonism, which warrants further exploration.

Methods

We performed an open-label 96-week randomised-controlled feasibility trial of maraviroc plus optimised background therapy (OBT) versus OBT alone, in a 1:1 ratio, for people with virologically-suppressed HIV-1 and NAFLD without cirrhosis. Dosing followed recommendations for HIV therapy in the Summary of Product Characteristics for maraviroc. The primary outcomes were safety, recruitment and retention rates, adherence and data completeness. Secondary outcomes included the change in Fibroscan-assessed liver stiffness measurements (LSM), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) scores.

Results

Fifty-three participants (53/60, 88% of target) were recruited; 23 received maraviroc plus OBT; 89% were male; 19% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. The median baseline LSM, CAP & ELF scores were 6.2 (IQR 4.6–7.8) kPa, 325 (IQR 279–351) dB/m and 9.1 (IQR 8.6–9.6) respectively. Primary outcomes: all individuals eligible after screening were randomised; there was 92% (SD 6.6%) adherence to maraviroc [target >90%]; 83% (95%CI 70%-92%) participant retention [target >65%]; 5.5% of data were missing [target <20%]. There were noo Serious Adverse Reactions; mild-moderate intensity Adverse Reactions were reported by five participants (5/23, 22% (95%CI 5%-49%)) [target <10%]. All Adverse Reactions resolved. Secondary outcomes: no important differences were seen by treatment group for the change from baseline in LSM, CAP or ELF scores

Conclusions

This feasibility study provides preliminary evidence of maraviroc safety amongst people with HIV-NAFLD, and acceptable recruitment, retention, and adherence rates. These data support a definitive randomised-controlled trial assessing maraviroc impact on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registry: ISCRTN, registration number 31461655.
Zero fruits/vegetables consumption and associated factors among Children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: Mixed effect logistic regression analysis
Authors: Semagn Birhan Ewunu , Abubakari Abdulai
Published: July 2023

Background

The first two years of life is a vital period for promoting optimal growth, development and health. The lifelong nutritional habit and overall health of children is influenced by their early age feeding practice. Ethiopia is among the top five countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with the highest burden of zero fruits/vegetables consumption. This study aims to access factors associated with zero fruits/vegetables consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods

The study analyzed Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 dataset with a total weighted sample of 1459 young children aged between 6–23 months and who were living with their mothers. Data cleaning, coding and labeling were done using STATA version 14 software. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors.

Results

Exactly 69.3% of children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia had zero fruits/vegetables consumption. In the multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis a child from household with middle (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.86) and rich (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.60) wealth index, mothers who aged between 25–34 years old (AOR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.29–0.69), mothers who were married/living with partner (AOR = 3.21; 95%CI: 1.58–6.52), children of mothers who follow Islamic religion (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.61), mothers who had more than four ANC visits during their most recent pregnancy (AOR = 0.57; 95%CI: 0.39–0.83), children in age group of 12–18 month(AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.59), and 19–23 months (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.40), health facility delivery (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI; 1.00–2.30), and small peripheral regions (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI; 1.39–13.97) were found to be significant factors associated with children’s zero fruits /vegetables consumption. The Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value in the null model was 0.34, which indicates that 34% of the variation in children’s zero fruits /vegetables consumption was attributed to the variation between clusters.

Conclusion

This study found that zero fruits/vegetables consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia is high. Therefore, efforts should be made by stakeholders who are concerned about optimal diet and health of children to improve fruits/vegetables consumption of children particularly those from poor households, young mothers (15–24), and peripheral regions of Ethiopia. This could be done during ANC follow up visits and during nutrition counseling.
Natural mutations in the sensor kinase of the PhoPR two-component regulatory system modulate virulence of ancestor-like tuberculosis bacilli
Authors: Malaga Wladimir , Payros Delphine , Meunier Eva , Frigui Wafa , Sayes Fadel , Pawlik Alexandre , Orgeur Mickael , Berrone Céline , Moreau Flavie , Mazères Serge , Gonzalo-Asensio Jesus , Rengel David , Martin Carlos , Astarie-Dequeker Catherine , Mourey Lionel , Brosch Roland , Guilhot Christophe
Published: July 2023

The molecular factors and genetic adaptations that contributed to the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from an environmental Mycobacterium canettii-like ancestor, remain poorly investigated. In MTB, the PhoPR two-component regulatory system controls production and secretion of proteins and lipid virulence effectors. Here, we describe that several mutations, present in phoR of M. canettii relative to MTB, impact the expression of the PhoP regulon and the pathogenicity of the strains. First, we establish a molecular model of PhoR and show that some substitutions found in PhoR of M. canettii are likely to impact the structure and activity of this protein. Second, we show that STB-K, the most attenuated available M. canettii strain, displays lower expression of PhoP-induced genes than MTB. Third, we demonstrate that genetic swapping of the phoPR allele from STB-K with the ortholog from MTB H37Rv enhances expression of PhoP-controlled functions and the capacities of the recombinant strain to colonize human macrophages, the MTB target cells, as well as to cause disease in several mouse infection models. Fourth, we extended these observations to other M. canettii strains and confirm that PhoP-controlled functions are expressed at lower levels in most M. canettii strains than in M. tuberculosis. Our findings suggest that distinct PhoR variants have been selected during the evolution of tuberculosis bacilli, contributing to higher pathogenicity and persistence of MTB in the mammalian host.
VUCA as a practical model: A commentary
Authors: Gläser Waltraud
Published: July 2023

VUCA discourses often get stuck in describing VUCA phenomena and their effects. The experience of a nonlinear world characterized by unpredictability, uncertainty and unplanability is commonly foregrounded at the expense of contemplating VUCA as an opportunity for systemic change. Too little attention is paid to concrete action strategies that help to move from situational analysis to deep understanding and proactive change planning. In this context, especially in the management of companies but also in political as well as civil society organizations, there is a constant challenge of remaining capable of acting under maximum uncertainty. In my commentary here, I describe my own path as an organizational coach from knowledge and understanding of VUCA to developing practical approaches to action and behavioural choices. I introduce a conceptual model of VUCA as a positive facilitator that aims at delivering effective principles whose claim is to be practical. I do this from the lens of a professional advisor whose focus is on encouraging, enabling and empowering.
Why we need complexity: A conversation with AI
Authors: Frommherz Gudrun , Sissons Helen
Published: July 2023

Complexity theory provides a framework for understanding intricate systems and their interactions. Its use in media and communication is relatively recent and has been used for examining, for instance, the spread of online communication, the formation of public opinions and the development of misinformation. Building on the concept of VUCA, this article outlines the emerging field of ‘complexity communication’. In a light-hearted experiment, we turned to the lately introduced artificial intelligence (AI) agent, ChatGPT, to ask what it knew about complexity thinking in contemporary communication practice. We found that the AI accepted the global environment was characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity, and these had transformed the field of communication, both for academics and professionals. It identified a range of complexity-based concepts relevant to communication but not specifically designed for communication situations. It struggled to find any extant practical strategies for complexity communication. This relative lack of bespoke concepts and applied knowledge on managing unpredictable situations indicates an urgent need for the development of complexity thinking in communication.
Architecture of Slicing
Authors: Martins Pedro , Sousa José Pedro
Published: July 2023

Digitally empowered tools and processes for making, such as robotic fabrication and 3D printing have enabled the materialization of designs of ever-growing complexity, with the promise of an unprecedented expressive freedom but also with the promise of automation and its economic benefits. Simultaneously, controlling new digital processes also presents opportunities to address the need for a more socially responsible and sustainable architectural practice. What is not clear is how such technologies can be critically appropriated in architecture, balancing all these solicitations.

This paper centers on digital fabrication tool for concrete architecture - Robotic Hot Wire Cutting - focusing on the emerging opportunities of the mechanic of slicing, and proposes to answer the question: how can digital fabrication tools balance the allure of automation, the responsibility of sustainability and the drive for artistic production? To answer this question, we present a thematic analysis to these issues, based on the articulation of the findings from a set of four experimental prototypes developed to explore these issues.
Simulating Ecological Connectivity and River Behaviour for Dynamic Territorial Mapping
Authors: Marengo Mathilde , Neri Iacopo , Rico-Carranza Eduardo
Published: July 2023

Centres to human life, cities represent the main threat to fine ecological balances, which are in turn responsible at multiple levels for the health of citizens. Metropolitan areas are therefore key in addressing such issues to maintain the wellbeing of all living things. Within today’s digital culture, designers have the opportunity to face these unprecedented challenges by approaching landscape under a dynamic, collective, multidisciplinary and multiscalar perspective, enabled through data driven design. These frameworks have the potential to empower designers to engage with nature as an active partner, through a set of new elements and tools to understand, represent and create these landscapes. The article discusses an experimental methodology for design and planning processes that detect and amplify potential and beneficial ecological connections within urban areas, providing an opportunity to consciously design for, and within, climate change adaptation.
From the municipality of Lisbon to the crown: discourse and practices in the correspondence about the administration of municipal expenditure (1707-1750)
Authors: Costa Patrícia
Published: July 2023

This article falls within the study of power relations in the context of municipal finances during the early modern period. Historiography has demonstrated that decisions and negotiations between different spheres of power are an important part of financial administration. Thus, this article proposes an analysis of those relations/interactions through the discourse and practices in the correspondence between the municipal administration of Lisbon (the capital of Portugal) and the King D. João V about the management of the city’s expenditure, from 1707 to 1750. The first part of this study refers to a documental selection to analyse the processing of the consultas (petitions) submitted by the city council of Lisbon to the King. This analysis puts forward an explanation of how these documents are structured and assesses the crown’s response time (or the lack of response at all). The second part looks into specific examples of municipal administrative discourses in the context of Lisbon’s city council consultas (petitions). At the same time, decisions/responses of the central administration regarding financial needs from the Portuguese crown and/or the municipality of Lisbon will be discussed. The study of these decision-making circuits highlights bureaucratic and negotiation processes unfolding in constant communication and proximity between the municipality of Lisbon and the Portuguese central administration, especially when it came to the resolution of conflicts arising from insufficient municipal funds. The records also reveal the discourses of different officers in the Lisbon municipal administration as they advance arguments, interpretations, and solutions in the context of the local management of expenditure.
Al servicio de su rey y su marido. Constanza de Acuña y la agencia femenina en la diplomacia de Felipe III (1613-1618)
Authors: Herrero García Diego
Published: July 2023

Si bien Diego Sarmiento de Acuña (1567-1626), primer conde de Gondomar, ha sido celebrado desde el siglo XIX como uno de los más brillantes embajadores de la Edad Moderna hispana, muy poco se ha reflexionado sobre el papel que jugó su segunda esposa, Constanza de Acuña y Avellaneda (1570-1632), en el marco de sus embajadas londinenses. A partir del estudio del epistolario oficial y privado de la pareja e informaciones contenidas en otras fuentes, se aspira a identificar las vías de actuación autónoma de doña Constanza como agente histórico diferenciado, aunque inexorablemente asociado a Gondomar en el desempeño de labores de diplomacia en función del modelo teórico de la Diplomatic Working Couple. Nuestro análisis se concentra en sus cometidos como esposa de embajador durante la primera legación del conde (1613-1618), a quien acompañó personalmente a Inglaterra. En particular se hace hincapié en la gestión de los asuntos dinásticos, el gobierno de la embajada y su capilla, el cultivo de amistades aristocráticas en la corte, el desempeño de funciones de representación y las relaciones con la pareja regia —aspectos compartidos con otras «embaxadoras». Finalmente se ofrece un primer acercamiento a un episodio singular y eventualmente malogrado, pero que brinda perspectivas de gran interés en lo relativo a las posibilidades de agencia femenina en la diplomacia de Felipe III: la propuesta de que doña Constanza quedase sola como esposa de embajador en París en 1618 al servicio de la reina de Francia Ana María Mauricia de Austria (1601-1666). Nuestros resultados permiten empezar a perfilar a la condesa como actor diplomático, al tiempo que invitan a revisar desde nuevas perspectivas las actividades diplomáticas desarrolladas por el conde de Gondomar en Londres. Asimismo, nuestras conclusiones enfatizan el temprano reconocimiento de la figura de la «embaxadora» en el ceremonial cortesano jacobita, identifican las distintas modalidades de actuación de la pareja diplomática, evidencian el servicio prestado por la condesa tanto a su esposo como a su soberano y, al hacerlo, cuestionan la adscripción de las actividades de las esposas de embajadores al ámbito «informal» de la diplomacia del periodo moderno.
La instrucción moral en la prensa inglesa del siglo XVIII: The Spectator y The Female Spectator. La influencia de Eliza Haywood
Authors: Díaz Sánchez Isabel
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo examina el impacto del periódico The Female Spectator (1744-1746) en el contexto de la prensa inglesa del siglo XVIII teniendo en cuenta el precedente de The Spectator (1711-1712). Uno de los objetivos de este estudio es el análisis de cómo Eliza Haywood, fundadora y escritora anónima del periódico, aborda la instrucción moral y la educación de las mujeres en el período de la Ilustración inglesa. Se da cuenta también de la influencia de escritoras de novela amatoria como Mary Astell, y de la contribución de otros periódicos en el gran siglo de la prensa inglesa moderna. The Female Spectator es el contrapunto de uno de los periódicos más importantes de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII y que es, sin duda, una de las contribuciones más importantes de la época: The Spectator (1711-1712) de Joseph Addison y Richard Steel. Más concretamente, con el análisis de este popular periódico, se examina cómo los dos escritores critican, en su afán didáctico y de instrucción moral, el prototipo de mujer coquette y el prototipo de hombre beau (galán o petimetre) tan frecuente en la época. En un siglo donde prima el pensamiento racional por encima de todo, estas dos figuras representan el comportamiento irracional y desviado de la norma moral y social. Este trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que las contribuciones de periódicos y revistas, escritas y dirigidas a un público femenino, son uno de los ejes más innovadores en el estudio de la historia y la literatura de la época, y del incipiente empoderamiento de la mujer. Eliza Haywood, con The Female Spectator, consigue que, por primera vez, una publicación periódica compita con los periódicos de otros reconocidos escritores ilustrados y que, además, las escritoras tomen conciencia del poder de la autoría y la recepción literaria.
L’annullamento matrimoniale per impotenza ottenuto da Anna Maria Pallavicini: materiali inediti e prospettive di un caso del XVIII secolo
Authors: Marchetti Elisabetta
Published: July 2023

Nel febbraio del 1716, dopo quasi tre anni di matrimonio, la nobile Anna Maria Pallavicini (1698-1751) iniziò la battaglia per ottenere l’annullamento delle sue nozze con Giovan Giacomo Imperiale, anch’egli illustre esponente del patriziato ligure. La documentazione −manoscritta e a stampa− del complesso iter giuridico che portò nel 1720 all’ottenimento dell’annullamento è conservata negli archivi bolognesi e per la prima volta viene ora presentata e studiata. Infatti questa causa matrimoniale venne iniziata a Genova, ma terminò il suo iter davanti alla romana Congregazione del Concilio di cui, in quegli anni, era segretario Prospero Lambertini. Sarà questi il responsabile del trasferimento delle carte e dei documenti di tutto il processo a Bologna. La controversia tra i due coniugi, provocata dalla richiesta di Anna Maria Pallavicini di annullamento a causa dell’impotenza insanabile e perpetua del marito e dunque della sua inabilità a consumare l’atto matrimoniale, darà vita ad un interessante percorso giuridico materiato dai racconti dei testimoni vicini ai due sposi, dai riconoscimenti medici effettuati sia sul corpo del marito come quelli richiesti e compiuti su Anna Maria, dalle fasi e metodologie di indagine compiute sulla falsariga dell’autorevole ed allora universalmente accettata dottrina del gesuita Tomás Sánchez (1550-1610) autore, tra altre opere, dei tre volumi De sancto matrimonii sacramento disputationum. Dopo una lunga a accesa battaglia, nella quale pesò non poco il timore che la controversia potesse scatenare contrasti e scontri lesivi della pace della Serenissima Repubblica, la Pallavicini ottenne il riconoscimento della sua richiesta divenendo un precedente per altre cause successive.
Modelos de enseñanza y comunicación en aulas diversas en Bogotá
Authors: Soler Castillo Sandra , Muñoz Barriga Andrea
Published: July 2023

Hoy más que nunca las aulas diversas son una realidad en las escuelas colombianas. El objetivo de este artículo es comprender cómo se entretejen los modelos de enseñanza y de comunicación en las aulas de un colegio caracterizado por la diversidad de poblaciones en el sur de Bogotá. Para lograr esta meta se emplea la etnografía de la comunicación, con técnicas como la observación participante y la entrevista etnográfica. Los resultados muestran la predominancia de modelos de transmisión del conocimiento bajo un esquema de interacción de carácter vertical y un tipo de enseñanza tradicional, así como modelos de condicionamiento centrados en un intercambio bidireccional de carácter verbal y no verbal que conlleva al cambio y/o refuerzo de la conducta de los estudiantes. Estos hechos evidencian la necesidad de seguir trabajando para que la comunicación se constituya en la base del hecho intercultural y en el eje de una formación en y para las diferencias.
Controlador de carga MPPT con método de estimación del estado de carga basado en conteo de amperios hora y voltaje a circuito abierto
Authors: Bustos-Márquez Luis Fernando , Sepúlveda-Mora Sergio Basilio , Guevara-Ibarra Dinael , Medina-Delgado Byron
Published: July 2023

Contexto: Los sistemas fotovoltaicos desconectados de la red son una de las principales alternativas para suplir la necesidad de electricidad en zonas rurales donde la conexión a los sistemas tradicionales de electrificación no es posible. Entre los componentes del sistema fotovoltaico, el controlador de carga debe adaptar los niveles de corriente y voltaje para almacenar en baterías la energía entregada por los paneles.
Método: En este trabajo se implementó y evaluó un controlador de carga de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia (MPPT) basado en la técnica de perturbación y observación (P&O). Adicionalmente, se estimó el estado de carga de la batería combinando los métodos de conteo de amperios-hora y voltaje de circuito abierto. El controlador implementa un algoritmo de carga de dos fases para baterías de ácido-plomo.
Resultados: El controlador de carga desarrollado obtuvo una eficiencia promedio de 84,7 % y alcanzó un valor máximo de 96,3 %. Adicionalmente, el algoritmo de carga de dos fases y el método de estimación del estado de caga implementados en el controlador permitieron un control adecuado y monitoreo de los procesos de carga y descarga de la batería.
Conclusiones: El controlador de carga propuesto sigue el punto de máxima potencia del panel solar y permite almacenar energía en baterías de ácido-plomo a la vez que monitorea el estado de carga de estas.
Researching and Innovating from the 13+ Institute for Engineering Research and Innovation
Authors: Rivas-Trujillo Edwin
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, the changes caused by globalization, the digital revolution, and the concept of environmental sustainability, among others, have created an imperative need to strengthen society’s socioeconomic, political, cultural, and environmental structure.
Być akademikiem w uczelni wojskowej
Authors: Kojkoł Jerzy
Published: July 2023

Being an academic at a military academy, that is, one overseen by the Minister of National Defense, has a unique flavor. This can be understandable when one takes into account the historical and legal context. The an academic in a military university is associated with being a soldier and a scientist, a former soldier and a scientist, “our” civilian and a scientist, and simply a civilian scientist. However, each of them must always remember the authority of the Minister of Defense and National, although it does not predetermine the quality of his scientific work in the case when one is a scientist and not a collector of academic degrees.
A study on the fractal and permeability characteristics of coal-based porous graphite for filtration and impregnation
Authors: Wang Qili , Wang Jing , Yang Shuwei , Sun Jiarui
Published: July 2023

In order to distinguish the differences in the heterogeneous fractal structure of porous graphite adopted in the filtration and impregnation, the fractal dimensions (FDs) were obtained by the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) to calculate the volumetric FDs of ten graphite samples, following the fractal theory. The FD expression of the tortuosity along with all the parameters from the MIP test was optimized to simplify the calculation. In addition, the percolation evolution process of mercury in the porous media was analyzed based on the data collected in the experiment. According to the analysis conducted, the FDs in the backbone formation regions of samples varied from 2.695 to 2.984, with 2.923 to 2.991 in the percolation regions and 1.224 to 1.544 in the tortuosity. Based on the correlation coefficients

(

R

2

)

({R}^{2})

ranging between 0.906 and 0.999, and the root mean square errors ranging between 0.0001 and 0.0065 mL g−1, a high level of reliability was identified. According to the MIP test, the mercury distribution in porous graphite demonstrated a transitional process from the local aggregation, the gradual expansion, the infinite cluster connection to the global connection.
The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Liu Huaizhu , Chen Dong , Zhao Kangning , Hu Binbin , Zhang Jianjia , Ning Yang , Shan Tong , Zhang Jie , Zhang Wangyuan , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2023

This study presents a novel approach for the reuse of uncontaminated fracturing flowback fluids to improve the inhibitory and lubricating properties of water-based drilling fluids (WBFs), curb environmental pollution arising from flowback fluids, and substantially mitigate the expenses associated with WBFs. The experimental design was optimized using orthogonal experiments and range analyses, whereby the modified rubber powder was set at 2.0%, xanthan gum at 0.15%, and a plant phenol to modified complexing agent ratio of 1:0.01. The assessment of the performance evaluation tests indicated that the use of uncontaminated fracturing flowback fluids as the base water can remarkably enhance the inhibitory and lubricating properties of WBFs. Precisely, this approach reduces the linear expansion rate from 62.31% to 21.25%, the reduction rate of extreme pressure lubrication coefficient by 87.98%, and the reduction rate of mud cake sticking factor by 59.86%. This investigation has established the potential environmental and economic benefits of reusing clean fracturing flowback fluids in WBFs.
circRNA THBS1 silencing inhibits the malignant biological behavior of cervical cancer cells via the regulation of miR-543/HMGB2 axis
Authors: Tian Rui , Li Huixin , Ren Songjie , Li Shukui , Fang Run , Liu Yang
Published: July 2023

Circular RNA (circRNA) THBS1 has been shown to exist as an oncogene in non-small-cell lung cancer, but its role in cervical cancer is still unclear. Our experiment aimed to uncover the functions and specific mechanism of circRNA THBS1 in cervical cancer cells. Levels of circRNA THBS1 and miR-543 in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines were assessed by RT-qPCR. starBase and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were applied for investigating the correlation between miR-543 and circRNA THBS1/HMGB2. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the levels of HMGB2, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in HeLa cells were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Our data revealed that circRNA THBS1 was significantly upregulated and miR-543 was low expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. circRNA THBS1 interacted with miR-543 and negatively regulated miR-543 expression in HeLa cells. Silencing of circRNA THBS1 remarkably suppressed HeLa cells’ viability, accelerated cells’ apoptosis, and inhibited the EMT of HeLa cells, while these changes were reversed by miR-543 inhibitor. Moreover, miR-543 affected HeLa cells by targeting HMGB2. In conclusion, circRNA THBS1 silencing inhibited the malignant biological behaviors of cervical cancer cells via the regulation of miR-543/HMGB2 axis.
Excursive questions
Authors: Trinh Tue , Bassi Itai
Published: July 2023

We present novel observations about types of questions which occur quite frequently in natural discourse but which have so far remained unanalyzed. These are questions about a question act. We then propose an account which derives the observations. Our account relies crucially on the assumption that speech acts are grammatically represented.
Monopolistic Screening Under Mental Accounting: Applications to Loan Markets with Collateral
Authors: Kim Byung-Cheol
Published: July 2023

This paper extends the standard model of monopolistic screening to allow for some consumers who engage in narrow framing, a prominent behavioral bias of mental accounting. Narrow framing generates a bias toward high quality-price ratios, which induces even high-type consumers to choose a menu that targets low-type consumers. To strategically account for narrow framing, when the monopolist induces the high-type consumers to stay with the more expensive menu, there arises a downward quality distortion even at the top and a smaller downward distortion at the bottom. Then, we apply this model to optimal loan contracts to screen heterogeneous borrowers with different default risks. We find that the lender optimally reduces the collateral requirement for low-risk borrowers when some high-risk borrowers are subject to narrow framing. This result empirically implies that narrow framing may lead to smaller credit rationing and lower monitoring intensity in the lending markets.
Introduction: towards a diachronic typology of the middle voice
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo , Sansò Andrea
Published: July 2023

Much of the typological research on the middle voice has so far largely focused on the cross-linguistic definition and status of the middle as a voice category and its relationship to other voice operations such as reflexives and passives. Diachronic research on the middle, especially in a cross-linguistic perspective, remains to these days comparatively marginal. Overall, the existing studies have argued that middle markers generally originate from reflexive markers, and that the reflexive > middle diachronic path is unidirectional. This special issue collects a number of papers that address the diachrony of middle markers cross-linguistically, with the goal of either contributing to refine our understanding of already known diachronic pathways leading to middle markers or challenging assumptions on their possible historical sources (which go well beyond reflexives only) and the purported unidirectionality in their development.
From verbalizer to middle marker: the diachrony of middle voice in Malayic
Authors: Karaj David M. , Sansò Andrea
Published: July 2023

In Malayic languages, prefixes derived from Proto-Malayic *(mb)AR- are characterized by an unusual multifunctionality pattern. On the one hand, continuators of *(mb)AR- may encode functions that are typical of middle markers across languages. On the other hand, they are used as denominal verb formatives. The aim of this article is to provide a diachronic explanation for such an unusual combination of functions. The denominal verbalizing function of *(mb)AR- appears to be primary, and a diachronic scenario can be sketched through which a denominal verb formative has extended to cover a portion of the functional space cross-linguistically encoded by middle markers.
Introduction
Authors: Bruno Nicoletta
Published: July 2023

The papers gathered in this Special Issue cover different phases of ancient, medieval, and modern Greek and Latin and explore an array of issues and trends dealing with historical aspects of Greek and Latin lexicography. The articles have been organized into three thematic units following chronological order: (i) ancient Greek and Latin lexicography; (ii) Greco-Latin lexicography in late antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern world; and (iii) uses, perspectives, and ongoing projects in Greco-Latin lexicography. Some papers address more formal issues (linguistic, morphological, semantic, and syntactic) relevant to the study of Greek and Latin lexicography, while other contributions deal with ongoing lexicographical projects, offering fresh perspectives on the future of lexicography.
Considerations on Some Notable Words in a Latin Account of Payments from Tebtynis
Authors: Pezzella Alessia
Published: July 2023

This paper examines some notable words of both Latin and Greek origin in a second-century Latin account from Tebtynis (ChLA V 304). In light of new data, it aims to clarify the linguistic status of these words (especially those of Greek origin) and their meaning, updating and extending Adams’ (2003, 445, 519, 628) analysis, and to offer a more detailed view of the use of Latin and its contacts with Greek in second-century Tebtynis.
A Distorted Lemma: Στεφάκης Ἀθηναῖος ἱερομόναχος and a False Biography of Nicholas of Methone
Authors: Benvenuto Carmelo Nicolò
Published: July 2023

This paper aims at reconsidering traditional data available for the figure of the hieromonk Stephen the Athenian, purported to be the author of a biographical compilation about famous monks of Mt Athos and of a biography of the Byzantine theologian Nicholas of Methone, published by the Greek forger Costantinos Simonides at the end of the 19th century. The main source for Stephen the Athenian is provided by a lemma of a biographical encyclopedia written by the Phanariot scholar Demetrius Procopius of Moschoupolis (with the title Succincta eruditorum Graecorum superioris et praesentis saeculi recensio) and published in 1722 by Johann Albert Fabricius at the end of the 11th volume of his Bibliotheca Graeca. The employment of a philological analysis to the extant sources of “Stephen” shows that the figure is indeed to be considered the mere result of the distortion created by Simonides from a lexicographical lemma.
Latin Lexicography and Textual Criticism: A Lexical Note on Valerius Flaccus,

Argonautica

5.380
Authors: Bruno Nicoletta
Published: July 2023

Lexicographical investigation, carried out in the drafting of the verbs renodo and renudo in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, can be useful for textual criticism by its proposing of new conjectures or its explanation of existing ones, by reconstructing the history and the use of a given word. This paper discusses Harm Marien Poortvliet’s conjecture renudatam pharetris in place of the transmitted renodatam pharetris in Valerius Flaccus 5.380, which helps us better understand the meaning and the use of the verb renudo in the text and the different value of the prefix re- in renodo and renudo, for which we also consider other contexts such as Hor. epod. 11.28.