bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Metabolites From Marine Algae: Recent Results*
Authors: Tringali C.
Published: February 2022

The recent literature (1992 - early 1996) on secondary metabolites from marine algae has been reviewed and selected results concerning more than one hundred bioactive compounds are reported. The review is specifically devoted to the seaweeds (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) and does not include metabolites from microalgae and Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Emphasis has been placed on novel compounds, but some recent reports about previously known bioactive metabolites have also been reviewed.

A variety of bioactive metabolites has recently been obtained from marine algae, including terpenoids (among them the halogenated mono- and sesquiterpenoids typically produced by red algae), compounds of mixed biogenesis and further miscellaneous compounds. The reported activities range from properties of pharmacological interest, i.e. cytotoxicity against tumoral cultured cells, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, etc., to other activites of ecological or agronomical significance, such as antifeedant activity against marine predators or insecticidal activity.

The review of the recent literature on secondary metabolites from marine algae indicates that the search for new bioactive metabolites from seaweeds is an active sector of the chemistry of natural products, stimulating the application of sophisticated physical techniques like two­ dimensional NMR as well as intriguing syntheses of compounds of biomedical interest.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potential of Natural Products
Authors: Lee Sang Kook , Mbwambo Zakaria H. , Chung HaSook , Luyengi Lumonadio , Gamez Esperenza J.C. , Mehta Rajendra G. , Kinghorn A. Douglas , Pezzuto John M.
Published: February 2022

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ince reactive oxygen radicals play an important role in carcinogenesis and other human disease states, antioxidants present in consumable fruits, vegetables, and beverages have received considerable attention as cancer chemopreventive agents. Thus, in order to identify antioxidants in plant extracts, test materials were assessed for potential to scavenge stable 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, reduce TPA-induced free radical formation in cultured HL-60 human leukemia cells, and inhibit responses observed with a xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay system. Approximately 700 plant extracts were evaluated, and 28 were found to be active in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Based on secondary analyses performed to assess inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced preneoplastic lesion formation with a mouse mammary organ culture model, Chorizanthe diffusa Benth. (Polygonaceae), Mezoneuron cucullatum Roxb. (Leguminosae), Cerbera manghas L. (Apocynaceae) and Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth. (Daphniphyllaceae) were selected and subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. 5,7,3',5'-Tetrahydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyflavonol, 5,8,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavonol, 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavonol, and 6,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavonol were identified as active principles from C. diffusa. Piceatannol, trans-resveratrol, apigenin and scirpusin A were found as the active principles of M. cucullatum, olivil, (-)-carinol, and (+)-cycloolivil were active principles from C. manghas, and 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside were active principles from D. calycinum. Of these substances, the hydroxystilbenes piceatannol and transresveratrol have thus far been shown to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesion formation in the mouse mammary gland organ culture model.
Deconvolution Approaches in Screening Compound Mixtures
Authors: Schriemer D. C. , Hindsgaul O.
Published: February 2022

Combinatorial chemistry initiatives can be used to generate compound mixtures, and it has become a challenge to effectively screen these mixtures for activity against a specified target. Overall mixture activity can be readily measured, however it is not c;J. straightforward matter to identify all those components giving rise to the total activity (a process referred to as deconvolution). This review discusses the attraction in preparing and screening mixtures, and also addresses the difficulties inherent in their screening. Attention is paid to the current approaches of achieving mixture deconvolution, including synthetic pooling, fractionation, affinity-based isolation, and techniques requiring no physical separation. Recent successes in mixture screening suggest a rekindled interest in this area
Homogeneous Pharmacologic and Cell-based Screens Provide Diverse Strategies in Drug Discovery: Somatostatin Antagonists as a Case Study
Authors: Zysk John R. , Baumbach William R.
Published: February 2022

The development of high throughput, homogeneous pharmacologic and functional assays and their implementation in screening combinatorial libraries has increased the pace of stochastic. drug discovery in recent years. New, noninvasive approaches involving radiometric proximity assays, an array of fluorescence-based technologies, and reporter gene constructs in mammalian and nonmammalian systems are providing more options for the selection of specific therapeutic targets. The increasing sophistication of homogeneous assay designs has also served as a springboard to better lead validation in drug discovery · initiatives. This review examines these approaches in the context of new drug discovery strategies which combine a growing repertoire of high throughput screening techniques. The utility and importance of cell­ based assays vis-a-vis pharmacologic (cell-free) assays is considered with specific reference given to yeast-based functional screens and homogeneous binding methodologies used to search for somatostatin antagonists and other potential growth hormone secretagogues. Also considered is the custom tailoring of specific chemical libraries which provide yet another level of target selectivity. The advantages and shortcomings of these various technologies are discussed in light of emerging trends toward higher throughput and nanoscale formats which are pushing the limits of measurable response at the cellular and molecular level.
Molecular Study of Klebsiella Oxytoca Associated with Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: Shrief Raghdaa , Hassan Rasha H. , Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Rizk Mohamed Anies
Published: February 2022

Background:

There are scarce reports about the association ofKlebsiella oxytoca(K. oxytoca) with urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence offimA, mrkA, matBandpilQadhesins genes and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genesblaCTX-M, blaTEMandblaSHVby polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to study biofilm formation and antibiotics resistance inK. oxytocafrom children with UTI.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 120 children with UTI due toK. oxytoca. The bacteria were subjected to molecular detection offimA, mrkA, matBandpilQadhesins genes and ESBL genesblaCTX-M, blaTEMandblaSHVby PCR. Biofilm capacity was determined by the microtiter plate method.

Results:

The isolatedK. oxytocahad positive ESBL activity in 45.8% of isolates. About 40% of isolates were biofilm producers. The frequency of adhesion genes amongK. oxytocawas 91.7%, 83.3%, 48.3% and 37.5% formatB, pilQ, fimAandmrkAgenes, respectively. For ESBL genes, the frequency was 38.3%, 36.7% and 33.3% forblaCTX-M, blaSHVandblaTEMgenes, respectively. The commonest genes among ESBL isolates wereblaCTX-M(83.6%),blaSHV(80%) thenblaTEMgene (72.7%). A significant association (p=0.048) was detected between ESBL activity and biofilm formation byK. oxytoca.

Conclusion:

Present study highlights the emergence ofK. oxytocaas a pathogen associated with UTI in children. There was a high prevalence of adhesin genes and ESBL genes among these isolates. The capacity ofK. oxytocato form biofilm was associated with ESBL production.
Analisis Perancangan “Big Data Framework” untuk Sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus BPJS Kesehatan Kota Malang)
Authors:   Teknik IndustriUniversitas Brawijaya, Malang, L. Tri Wijaya N Kusuma , Puspita Andriani Debrina , Hadi Sulistyarini Dwi ,   Teknik IndustriUniversitas Brawijaya, Malang
Published: February 2022

Pada era globalisasi, pelayanan kesehatan terus berkembang seiring berjalannya waktu. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan, sebagai badan pelaksana merupakan badan hukum publik yang dibentuk telah menyelenggarakan program jaminan kesehatan bagi rakyat Indonesia selama 5 tahun terakhir. Hingga saat ini, BPJS Kesehatan khususnya cabang Malang baru meng-cover sekitar 75% masyarakat di 3 daerah, yakni Kota Malang, Kabupaten Malang, dan Kota Batu (BPJS, 2019), yang total kepesertaannya ada lebih dari 2 juta jiwa. Berdasarkan laporan Kementerian Keuangan (2019), ada beberapa permasalahan dalam implementasi sistem BPJS, antara lain klasifikasi data kepesertaan yang harus dibersihkan dan masuk dalam kelompok yang betul-betul miskin, kategorisasi di rumah sakit yang harus sesuai, hingga sistem klaim manajemen dana bantuan BPJS. Selain itu sistem rujukan pasien selama ini masih mengalami beberapa kendala. Hal tersebut diselenggarakan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan secara bermutu sehingga tujuan pelayanan tercapai tanpa harus menggunakan biaya mahal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendiskripsikan pemetaan data stakeholder dari sistem BPJS serta merekomendasikan kerangka kerja Big Data Analytics untuk sistem rujukan BPJS Kesehatan pada Fasilitas Kesehatan di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kombinasi antara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sumber data ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan dapat dikembangkan lagi dengan observasi dan interview stakeholder terkait.
Comparison of Growth and Nutritional Status between Children in North Korean Refugee Families and South Korean Children
Authors: Park Kyung-Ae , Choi Seong-Woo
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study aims to compare the growth and nutritional status of the children in North Korean Refugee (NKR) families and South Korean (SK) children.Methods: This study examined 101 children of NKR families and 294 SK children. Researchers interviewed subjects using a standardized questionnaire and measured their height and weight. The nutritional status of children was estimated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents using their weight.Results: The children of NKR families were significantly shorter than the SK children (140.8±10.1 vs. 146.9±9.3, p<0.001) and weighed less (38.1±9.4 vs. 42.0±9.5, p<0.001). The prevalence of stunting and being underweight among children of NKR families was significantly higher than that of the SK children (stunting: 6.9% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001; underweight: 10.9% vs. 1.0%, p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of wasting and obesity.Conclusion: Although children of NKR families have been living in SK for 4.4 years, their nutritional problems are more severe than those of SK children.
The Effects of mHealth-Based Gamification Interventions on Participation in Physical Activity: Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Linqi , Shi Hongyu , Shen Meidi , Ni Yuanyuan , Zhang Xin , Pang Yue , Yu Tianzhuo , Lian Xiaoqian , Yu Tianyue , Yang Xige , Li Feng
Published: February 2022

Background

It is well known that regular physical exercise has associated benefits; yet, participation remains suboptimal. Mobile health (mHealth) has become an indispensable medium to deliver behavior change interventions, and there is a growing interest in the gamification apps in mHealth to promote physical activity (PA) participation. Gamification could use game design elements (such as points, leaderboards, and progress bars), and it has the potential to increase motivation for PA and engagement. However, mHealth-based gamification interventions are still emerging, and little is known about the application status and efficacy of such interventions.

Objective

This systematic review aims to investigate gamification apps in mHealth for improving PA levels and simultaneously summarize the impact of gamification interventions on PA participation.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO host), and IEEE Xplore from inception to December 20, 2020. Original empirical research exploring the effects of gamification interventions on PA participation was included. The papers described at least one outcome regarding exercise or PA participation, which could be subjective self-report or objective indicator measurement. Of note, we excluded studies about serious games or full-fledged games.

Results

Of 2944 studies identified from the database search, 50 (1.69%) were included, and the information was synthesized. The review revealed that gamification of PA had been applied to various population groups and broadly distributed among young people but less distributed among older adults and patients with a disease. Most of the studies (30/50, 60%) combined gamification with wearable devices to improve PA behavior change, and 50% (25/50) of the studies used theories or principles for designing gamified PA interventions. The most frequently used game elements were goal-setting, followed by progress bars, rewards, points, and feedback. This review demonstrated that gamification interventions could increase PA participation; however, the results were mixed, and modest changes were attained, which could be attributed to the heterogeneity across studies.

Conclusions

Overall, this study provides an overview of the existing empirical research in PA gamification interventions and provides evidence for the efficacy of gamification in enhancing PA participation. High-quality empirical studies are needed in the future to assess the efficacy of a combination of gamification and wearable activity devices to promote PA, and further exploration is needed to investigate the optimal implementation of these features of game elements and theories to enhance PA participation.
Digital Health Technologies for Long-term Self-management of Osteoporosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alhussein Ghada , Hadjileontiadis Leontios
Published: February 2022

Background

Osteoporosis is the fourth most common chronic disease worldwide. The adoption of preventative measures and effective self-management interventions can help improve bone health. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies can play a key role in the care and self-management of patients with osteoporosis.

Objective

This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the currently available mHealth apps targeting osteoporosis self-management, aiming to determine the current status, gaps, and challenges that future research could address, as well as propose appropriate recommendations.

Methods

A systematic review of all English articles was conducted, in addition to a survey of all apps available in iOS and Android app stores as of May 2021. A comprehensive literature search (2010 to May 2021) of PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore was conducted. Articles were included if they described apps dedicated to or useful for osteoporosis (targeting self-management, nutrition, physical activity, and risk assessment) delivered on smartphone devices for adults aged ≥18 years. Of the 32 articles, a random effects meta-analysis was performed on 13 (41%) studies of randomized controlled trials, whereas the 19 (59%) remaining studies were only included in the narrative synthesis as they did not provide enough data.

Results

In total, 3906 unique articles were identified. Of these 3906 articles, 32 (0.81%) articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in depth. The 32 studies comprised 14,235 participants, of whom, on average, 69.5% (n=9893) were female, with a mean age of 49.8 (SD 17.8) years. The app search identified 23 relevant apps for osteoporosis self-management. The meta-analysis revealed that mHealth-supported interventions resulted in a significant reduction in pain (Hedges g −1.09, 95% CI −1.68 to −0.45) and disability (Hedges g −0.77, 95% CI −1.59 to 0.05). The posttreatment effect of the digital intervention was significant for physical function (Hedges g 2.54, 95% CI −4.08 to 4.08) but nonsignificant for well-being (Hedges g 0.17, 95% CI −1.84 to 2.17), physical activity (Hedges g 0.09, 95% CI −0.59 to 0.50), anxiety (Hedges g −0.29, 95% CI −6.11 to 5.53), fatigue (Hedges g −0.34, 95% CI −5.84 to 5.16), calcium (Hedges g −0.05, 95% CI −0.59 to 0.50), vitamin D intake (Hedges g 0.10, 95% CI −4.05 to 4.26), and trabecular score (Hedges g 0.06, 95% CI −1.00 to 1.12).

Conclusions

Osteoporosis apps have the potential to support and improve the management of the disease and its symptoms; they also appear to be valuable tools for patients and health professionals. However, most of the apps that are currently available lack clinically validated evidence of their efficacy and focus on a limited number of symptoms. A more holistic and personalized approach within a cocreation design ecosystem is needed.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021269399; https://tinyurl.com/2sw454a9
Perspectives From French and Filipino Parents on the Adaptation of Child Health Knowledge Translation Tools: Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Elliott Sarah A , Wright Kelsey S , Scott Shannon D , Hartling Lisa
Published: February 2022

Background

A number of evidence-based knowledge translation (KT) tools for parents of children with acute health conditions have been developed. These tools were created and tested with parental input and disseminated to groups proficient in English. Therefore, it is unclear whether they are useful for populations that are more diverse. To enhance the reach of our current and future KT tools, language translation and cultural adaptations may promote relevance for previously underserved knowledge users.

Objective

This study aims to explore and understand considerations for the cultural and linguistic adaptation of a KT tool in French and Filipino communities.

Methods

A KT tool (whiteboard animation video) describing the signs and symptoms of croup was originally developed in English to provide parents with evidence-based information couched within a narrative reflecting parents’ experiences with the condition. This KT tool was adapted (linguistics and imagery) for French- and Tagalog-speaking parents and caregivers through feedback from key stakeholders. The videos were presented to the respective language speakers for usability testing and discussion. Participants were asked to view the KT tool, complete a usability survey, and participate in semistructured interviews. Audio recordings from the interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analyzed for relevant themes by using thematic analysis.

Results

French- (n=13) and Tagalog-speaking (n=13) parents completed the usability survey and were interviewed. Although analyzed separately, both data sets produced similar findings, with key themes relating to understanding, relatability, and accessibility. Both the French and Tagalog groups reported that the video and other KT tools were useful in their adapted forms. Participants in both groups cautioned against using verbatim vocabulary and suggested that cultural competency and understanding of health languages were essential for high-quality translations. Parents also discussed their preference for videos with diverse visual representations of families, home environments, and health care workers, as such videos represent their communities more broadly.

Conclusions

French and Filipino parents appreciated having KT tools in their first language; however, they were also supportive of the use of English KT products. Their suggestions for improving the relatability and communication of health messages are important considerations for the development and adaptation of future KT products. Understanding the needs of the intended end users is a crucial first step in producing relevant tools for health evidence dissemination.
Adding an App-Based Intervention to the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy in Routine Outpatient Psychotherapy Treatment: Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Netter Anna-Lena , Beintner Ina , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta
Published: February 2022

Background

The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is an empirically supported psychotherapeutic treatment developed specifically for persistent depressive disorder. However, given the high rates of nonresponse and relapse, there is a need for optimization. Studies suggest that outcomes can be improved by increasing the treatment dose via, for example, the continuous web-based application of therapy strategies between sessions. The strong emphasis in CBASP on the therapeutic relationship, combined with limited therapeutic availabilities, encourages the addition of web-based interventions to face-to-face therapy in terms of blended therapy.

Objective

The aim of this study was to test an app-based intervention called CBASPath, which was designed to be used as a blended therapy tool. CBASPath offers 8 sequential modules with app-based exercises to facilitate additional engagement with the therapy content and a separate exercise to conduct situational analyses within the app at any time.

Methods

CBASPath was tested in an open pilot study as part of routine outpatient CBASP treatment. Participating patients were asked to report their use patterns and blended use (integrated use of the app as part of therapy sessions) at 3 assessment points over the 6-month test period and rate the usability and quality of and their satisfaction with CBASPath.

Results

The results of the pilot trial showed that 93% (12/13) of participants used CBASPath as a blended tool during their therapy and maintained this throughout the study period. Overall, they reported good usability and quality ratings along with high user satisfaction. All participants showed favorable engagement with CBASPath; however, the frequency of use differed widely among the participants and assessment points. Situational analysis was used by all participants, and the number of completed modules ranged from 1 to 7. All participants reported blended use, although the frequency of integration in the face-to-face sessions varied widely.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the digital augmentation of complex and highly interactive CBASP therapy in the form of blended therapy with CBASPath is feasible in routine outpatient care. Therapeutic guidance might contribute to high adherence and increase patient self-management. A few adjustments, such as saving entries directly in the app, could facilitate higher user engagement. A randomized controlled trial is now needed to investigate the efficacy and added value of this blended approach. In the long term, CBASPath could help optimize persistent depressive disorder treatment and reduce relapse by intensifying therapy and providing long-term patient support through the app.
Preparing Medical Students for the Final Examinations During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Bumpy Ride to the Finishing Line (Preprint)
Authors: Mageswaran Nanthini , Ismail Noor Akmal Shareela
Published: February 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

In this viewpoint, we share and reflect on the experiences of final-year students preparing for a high-stakes examination at the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight the new challenges faced during web-based remote learning and major differences in the clinical learning environment at our teaching hospital, which was one of the designated COVID-19 centers in Malaysia. We also document how a face-to-face professional examination was conducted for final-year medical students at our institution despite in times of a global health crisis. The lessons learned throughout this process address the importance of resilience and adaptability in unprecedented times. Further, we recommend appropriate measures that could be applied by medical schools across the world to improve the delivery of quality medical education during a crisis in the years to come.
Spatiotemporal patterns and progression of the Delta variant of COVID-19 and their health intervention linkages in Southeast Asia (Preprint)
Authors: Luo Wei , Liu Zhaoyin , Zhou Yuxuan , Zhao Yumin , Li Yunyue Elita , Masrur Arif , Yu Manzhu
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The Delta variant of COVID-19 has presented an unprecedented challenge to Southeast Asia (SEA) countries. Its transmission had shown spatial heterogeneity in SEA after countries adopted different public health interventions during the process. Hence, it is crucial for the public health authority to discover the potential linkages between epidemic progression and corresponding interventions, such that collective and coordinated control measurements can be designed to increase their effectiveness at reducing transmission in SEA.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore potential linkages between spatiotemporal progression of the Delta variant of COVID-19 and non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) measures in Southeast Asia. We detected the space-time clusters of outbreaks of COVID-19 and analyzed how the NPI measures relate to the propagation of COVID-19.

METHODS

We collected district-level daily new cases of COVID-19 from June 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021, and district-level population data in Southeast Asia. We adopted prospective space-time scan statistics to identify the space-time clusters. Using cumulative prospective space-time scan statistics, we further identified variations of relative risk across each district at a half-month interval and their potential public health intervention linkages.

RESULTS

Most districts in Malaysia and Philippines, as well as the capital and surrounding areas in Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia exhibited high risk of COVID-19 transmission between June and August. Indonesia successfully mitigated the risk of COVID-19 with the assistance of continuous restrictions, while a number of regions in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Philippines saw an increase of infection risk which is aligned with their loosened restrictions. Continuous strict interventions were effective to mitigate COVID-19, while relaxing restrictions may exacerbate the propagation risk of this epidemic.

CONCLUSIONS

The analyses of space-time clusters and relative risks of districts benefit public health authorities with continuous surveillance of the COVID-19 dynamics using real-time data. International coordination with more synchronized interventions amidst all SEA countries may play a key role in mitigating the progression of COVID-19.
COVID-19 and Tweets About Quitting Cigarette Smoking: Topic Model Analysis of Twitter Posts 2018-2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Westmaas J Lee , Masters Matthew , Bandi Priti , Majmundar Anuja , Asare Samuel , Diver W Ryan
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The risk of infection and severity of illness by SARS-CoV-2 infection is elevated for people who smoke cigarettes and may motivate quitting. Organic public conversations on Twitter about quitting smoking could provide insight into quitting motivations or behaviors associated with the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This study explored key topics of conversation about quitting cigarette smoking and examined their trajectory during 2018-2020.

METHODS

Topic model analysis with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) identified themes in US tweets with the term “quit smoking.” The model was trained on posts from 2018 and was then applied to tweets posted in 2019 and 2020. Analysis of variance and follow-up pairwise tests were used to compare the daily frequency of tweets within and across years by quarter.

RESULTS

The mean numbers of daily tweets on quitting smoking in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 133 (SD 36.2), 145 (SD 69.4), and 127 (SD 32.6), respectively. Six topics were extracted: (1) need to quit, (2) personal experiences, (3) electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), (4) advice/success, (5) quitting as a component of general health behavior change, and (6) clinics/services. Overall, the pandemic was not associated with changes in posts about quitting; instead, New Year’s resolutions and the 2019 e-cigarette or vaping use–associated lung injury (EVALI) epidemic were more plausible explanations for observed changes within and across years. Fewer second-quarter posts in 2020 for the topic e-cigarettes may reflect lower pandemic-related quitting interest, whereas fourth-quarter increases in 2020 for other topics pointed to a late-year upswing.

CONCLUSIONS

Twitter posts suggest that the pandemic did not generate greater interest in quitting smoking, but possibly a decrease in motivation when the rate of infections was increasing in the second quarter of 2020. Public health authorities may wish to craft messages for specific Twitter audiences (eg, using hashtags) to motivate quitting during pandemics.
Світові моделі надання медичної стоматологічної допомоги
Authors: Vakhnenko O.M.
Published: February 2022

У статті поданий аналіз організаційних та фінансових моделей надання стоматологічної допомоги в країнах далекого зарубіжжя та СНД. Надаються параметри фінансування різних моделей стоматологічної допомоги та доступність цього виду медичної допомоги для населення. Досвід багатьох країн світу свідчить про те, що при переході держави на ринкову економіку існуюча система охорони здоров’я зазнає докорінного реформування. Населення в цей період відчуває значні труднощі в отриманні медичної допомоги. Україна має вибудувати свою систему надання медичної стоматологічної допомоги з огляду на світовий досвід.
VALIDATION AND APPLICATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ENROFLOXACIN IN PURE AND VETERINARY DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: S. R. ASWATHY , C. MUHAS , SRUTHY S. ANJALI , P. V. DEVI SWAPNA , U. GOPINATH
Published: February 2022

Objective: The main objective of this study is to develop and validate a simple, new, fast, sensitive, precise and accurate RP-HPLC analytical methods have been established for the estimation of enrofloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Methods: The present method was developed and validated on a Waters HPLC system using Phenomenex make Shimadzu C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5μm particle size) column was used for the separation. Best results were obtained with the mobile phase composition consisting of Acetonitrile-water (80:20, v/v). The system was regulated at 1.0 ml/min flow rate at 270 nm UV detection. Results: Enrofloxacin was eluted at 3.405 min retention time. The analytical parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, ruggedness, and robustness were used for validating the developed method according to ICH guidelines. Linearity was exhibited over the concentration range of 0.1-0.6µg/ml and the Limit of Detection and Quantitation values for Enrofloxacin was 0.001µg/ml and 0.03µg/ml, respectively. The result of the analysis shows that the amount of drugs present in the formulation has a very good correlation with the label claim of the formulation and %RSD will be less than 2 for all the validation parameters. Recoveries studies revealed that results within the specified limits.Conclusion: The developed methods were validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines. Hence the proposed method was found to be satisfactory and could be used for the routine analysis of enrofloxacin in their marketed formulation.
LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF RIPE AND UNRIPE FRUIT PEEL OF MUSA PARADISIACA L. AGAINST THE MALARIA VECTOR ANOPHELES STEPHENSI
Authors: MADHAVAN MANJU , JOY SHOYMOL
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the larvicidal activity of the ripe and unripe fruit peel of Musa paradisiaca against the larvae of the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. There are no published data on the effect of these Musa paradisiaca fruit peel on this mosquito, primarily responsible for indigenous malaria.
Methods: The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and distilled water extracts of the ripe and unripe peel of Musa paradisiaca were tested against the fourth instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi. Larvicidal bioassay followed the standard WHO protocol with slight modifications.
Results: The highest larval mortality was found in ethyl acetate ripe peel extracts. The LC50 values of Musa paradisiaca ripe fruit peel extracts of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate against Anopheles stephensi were 3.21, 2.55 mg/ml, while those of unripe fruit peel extracts were 59.82, 48.08 mg/ml, respectively. Distilled water extract showed 14.588 mg/ml for ripe fruit peel and 14.93 mg/ml of unripe fruit peel. The LC90 values of Musa paradisiaca ripe fruit peel extracts of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate against Anopheles stephensi were 4.8, 4.19 mg/ml, while those of unripe fruit peel extracts were 161.1, 122.22 mg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: Musa paradisiaca fruit peels extracts showed promising larvicidal activity. Ripe fruit peels of Musa paradisiaca, which is a waste material, can be exploited as an ideal eco-friendly larvicide, which could be used as an alternative for synthetic pesticides.
DEVELOPMENT OF NANOPARTICLES SUSPENSION FOR PAEDIATRIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Authors: RAJULA K. K. , MOHANAN JISHA
Published: February 2022

Objective: Enalapril maleate (EM) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is generally prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and chronic kidney diseases in adults and children. EM 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg tablets and EM injection 1.25 mg/ml are currently available in the market. But a liquid paediatric formulation of this medicine is not currently available. Also, it is a BCS class III drug, having a bioavailability of approximately 60%. The present study proposes a new strategy for improvement of drug bioavailability and taste masking: EM nanoencapsulation within polymeric nanoparticles suspensions prepared with Eudragit RS100 (ERS100) as polymer and Tween 80 as a stabilizer, aiming at obtaining a liquid dosage form suitable for paediatric administration.Methods: Nanoprecipitation method used for the preparation of nanoparticles suspension. The preparations were evaluated for drug content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, pH, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Based on the entrapment efficiency, viscosity and in vitro drug release the optimized formulation was selected. Optimized formulation evaluated for taste, ex vivo intestinal permeation, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and release kinetic studies.Results: The optimized nanoparticle formulation F8 having drug to polymer ratio of 1:100 showed satisfactory drug content (95.1%), entrapment efficiency (77.71%), particle size (198.47 nm), pH (6.36), viscosity (2.9 x〖10〗^(-3)Pa•s) and 81.2% drug release after 12 h. The formulation has taste-masking properties and shows 84.6% drug permeation through the goat intestine within 12 h.Conclusion: The prepared nanoparticles suspension of Enalapril maleate was found to be an effective liquid pharmaceutical dosage form for paediatric administration with taste-masking properties.
Memory of the Great Patriotic War as a Consolidating Factor for Russia’s Multi-Ethnic Society
Authors:   Southern Scientific Center of the RAS, Gritsenko Galina
Published: February 2022

Introduction. One of the problems for a multiethnic society (including that of the Russian Federation) in the context of the current globalization and the falsification of fateful events of the past (especially those of World War II) is a growing the need to update trends that ensure integration of a multiethnic national state. In the history of each society there are politically significant and value-semantic consolidating events that strengthen interethnic ties and relations. The memory of the Great Patriotic War occupies a special place in the national consciousness of Russian society. Goals. The paper aims to conduct a discourse analysis of scientific articles dealing with the Great Patriotic War published by journals of leading universities across the North Caucasus Federal District, and to determine how the memory of events of that war can be considered as a consolidating factor, a means of preserving and strengthening interethnic peace and harmony in the North Caucasus as a polyethnic region. Materials and Methods. The article uses the methodology of discourse analysis, focuses on studying mental models and determining the integrating properties of mental goal-setting. Discourse analysis of scientific articles investigating the Great Patriotic War is employed as a methodological toolkit. Results. The study of scientific publications about the Great Patriotic War concludes the consolidating message does prove a priority therein. All the articles emphasize the friendship and cohesion of the numerous peoples of the North Caucasus in the struggle against the common enemy — Nazi Germany. In addition, the publications draw attention to modern attempts to falsify the history of the Great Patriotic War. In this regard, the work stresses the necessity to preserve the memory of those who ensured Victory in this war and the demand to intensify patriotic education of Russian citizens, especially that of the younger generation.
Memorial, Podvig Naroda, Pamyat Naroda: The Experience of Creating Online Databases at Russia’s Ministry of Defense Revisited
Authors:   ELAR Corporation, Tumarkin Victor
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The memory of the Great Patriotic War is preserved by all post-Soviet nations. In this war, virtually every family had a member lost, and his/her destiny often remained unknown. So, the Russian Ministry of Defense decided to create online combined databases. Goals. The paper considers the actual problems of digitization, systematization, law and technical implementation tackled by developers of the databases. Results. The three online resources on the Great Patriotic War — Memorial (documents on irrecoverable casualties), Podvig Naroda (Russ. ‘feat of nation’, materials on awards), and Pamyat Naroda (Russ. ‘people’s memory’, a generalizing engine containing, in addition to the above mentioned, operational data on hostilities) — made it possible to the public to gain access to the multiple documents housed by different archives. Meanwhile, the difficulties to have been settled were not reduced to huge amounts of materials to be processed only. Many documents from departmental archives have not been declassified yet. The law side of the issue does not allow publishing all information. The creation and maintenance of these systems are an important experience required for the further digitization of archived documents.
Traditional Formulas of Yakut Folktales: A Case Study of the 1938 Vilyuysk Expedition’s Materials
Authors:   Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Pavlova Nadezhda
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article is the first to have examined texts of Yakut folktales recorded personally by A. A. Savvin during the Vilyuysk Expedition of 1938 and revealed some categories of traditional formulas. Goals. The work primarily aims to identify traditional formulas of Yakut folktales from the Vilyuysk group of uluses. Accordingly, the study shall systemize traditional verbal folktale constructs by all known categories of initial, medial and final formulas; determine specifics of folktale formulas within the area under consideration. Methods. The employed techniques include structural analysis and systematic approaches derived the N. Roşianu classification of traditional formulas. Results. The study determines titles and numbers of folktales recorded and data on respective informants. Analysis of twenty Yakut folktales recorded by A. A. Savvin yields systemized categories of initial, medial and final folktale formulas. Separate tables representing the presence or absence of all known categories have been compiled for all varieties of traditional formulas. Each identified category is characterized with examples drawn from original Yakut texts and accompanied by Russian translations. The paper defines a peculiar feature of traditional formulas inherent to the Vilyuysk group of uluses as of 1938.
Balance y perspectivas de los contenidos literarios en Decires
Authors: Cañedo César , Molano Nucamendi Horacio
Published: February 2022

En el contexto de los preparativos para celebrar los cien años del CEPE como institución educativa es primordial realizar una valoración de Decires, su publicación periódica más importante. Como se expondrá en los siguientes párrafos, la revista ha cumplido con distintas misiones, además de ser, desde siempre, un vehículo de comunicación de sus logros académicos. Sus iniciativas parten de su cuerpo docente, por lo que sobresalen artículos de la autoría de profesores del Centro, con los pros y contras que esto supone.

El rumbo de Decires se orienta conforme lo ha decidido su equipo editorial, el cual se ha ido renovando desde 1998, cuando apareció el primer número. A continuación, se describe a detalle la naturaleza de las colaboraciones orientadas a la apreciación de las letras hispánicas en el horizonte de la labor de la enseñanza del español a estudiantes extranjeros.

A fin de facilitar este repaso de 24 números —incluyendo el extraordinario por los 90 años del CEPE— el artículo se dividió en las dos etapas significativas de la continuidad editorial. La primera es la edición en papel, que tuvo tres propuestas de diseño: una época fundacional, la de los números 1 al 4, luego un replanteamiento en los números 5 y 6, y una más en la que finalmente se estableció la división de los contenidos de la revista en cinco secciones (una por cada departamento del CEPE: Arte, Español, Historia y Literatura más el espacio de Reseñas) desde el número 7 hasta el 11. El soporte digital marca un segundo momento, e inició cuando se cumplieron los primeros diez años de Decires, a partir del número 12-13.
Speciation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella isolates in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolar
Authors: Subramani Parimala , Ramachandra Bharathi , Madappa Beena Pavangada , Natarajan Arvind
Published: February 2022

Shigellosis is the most important cause of bacillary dysentery. It’s a major public health problem. It is endemic in many developing countries resulting in a significant amount of mortality and morbidity. The incidence is 90 million with 6,00,000 deaths world over. In India, there is an emergence of resistance to Shigella resulting in limitation of treatment. To study the prevalence of Shigella species and their antibiogram in stool samples obtained from patients treated for dysentery at Rural Tertiary Care Hospital. A retrospective analysis of the Shigella isolates obtained from 400 stool samples from patients with dysentery, treated at Rural Tertiary Care Hospital from 2015 -2019 was conducted. The isolates were identified by conventional methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirbybauers disk diffusion method and analysed. The percentage of isolation of Shigella species at our centre was 5% with Shigella flexneri being the predominant species isolated. A progressive pattern of resistance was observed. 100% strains of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei were resistant to cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. 75% of Shigella flexneri were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 25% resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. 100% isolates were sensitive to azithromycin. In view of rampant resistance observed among Shigella species, it is a need to test these isolates for antibiotic susceptibility and treat the patients based on the antibiogram.
Tensor network models of AdS/qCFT
Authors: Jahn Alexander , Zimborás Zoltán , Eisert Jens
Published: February 2022

The study of critical quantum many-body systems through conformal field theory (CFT) is one of the pillars of modern quantum physics. Certain CFTs are also understood to be dual to higher-dimensional theories of gravity via the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. To reproduce various features of AdS/CFT, a large number of discrete models based on tensor networks have been proposed. Some recent models, most notably including toy models of holographic quantum error correction, are constructed on regular time-slice discretizations of AdS. In this work, we show that the symmetries of these models are well suited for approximating CFT states, as their geometry enforces a discrete subgroup of conformal symmetries. Based on these symmetries, we introduce the notion of a quasiperiodic conformal field theory (qCFT), a critical theory less restrictive than a full CFT and with characteristic multi-scale quasiperiodicity. We discuss holographic code states and their renormalization group flow as specific implementations of a qCFT with fractional central charges and argue that their behavior generalizes to a large class of existing and future models. Beyond approximating CFT properties, we show that these can be best understood as belonging to a paradigm of discrete holography.
Desenvolvimento da atenção mediada e sua relação com práticas pedagógicas
Authors: Lains Lucimar Delman , Rocha Maria Silvia Pinto de Moura Librandi
Published: February 2022

Trata-se de apresentação de resultados de pesquisa fundamentada na abordagem histórico-cultural, desenvolvida com uma turma de crianças de cinco a seis anos, em uma escola de educação infantil no município de Campinas/SP, e sua respectiva professora. O objetivo foi investigar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento da atenção mediada em crianças através de práticas pedagógicas. O material empírico foi produzido por meio de encontros preparatórios com a professora para a realização de atividades, observação participante durante as atividades desenvolvidas (sete semanas) e entrevistas com a professora, no início, meio e final do período de permanência em campo. O material empírico foi analisado qualitativamente, utilizando-se elementos da abordagem microgenética. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o aprimoramento da mediação e das práticas pedagógicas na educação infantil poderá oferecer maiores contribuições para o desenvolvimento infantil, bem como novas perspectivas para o estudo da atenção mediada ou superior, segundo nomenclatura de L. S. Vigotski.
A psicologia na maternidade hospitalar: um relato de experiência
Authors: Galdino de Queiroz Lorrayne Leandro , Azevedo Ana Paula Bilac , Cherer Evandro de Quadros , Chatelard Daniela Scheinkman
Published: February 2022

Na atualidade, a demanda por profissionais da psicologia no ambiente hospitalar torna-se crescente. Assim, surge a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento desse profissional sobre o referido contexto, no intuito de orientar sua conduta, além de contribuir para a concretização do seu espaço de atuação. Considerando esses aspectos e a relevância de pôr em questão o trabalho da psicologia nos serviços de saúde, o presente estudo apresenta um relato de experiência que objetiva refletir sobre a atuação da psicologia no âmbito hospitalar, especificamente na maternidade, através da apresentação de casos atendidos na maternidade e UTINeo do Hospital Universitário de Brasília. Os atendimentos foram conduzidos de modo a contemplar especificamente os aspectos relacionados à maternidade, ao tornar-se mãe, bem como à aderência do tratamento e ao período de hospitalização. Observaram-se diversos aspectos que o psicólogo enfrenta no ambiente hospitalar, como fatores relacionados às limitações do espaço físico e impasses referentes à atuação do psicólogo na equipe multidisciplinar.