bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRPC6 suppresses liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation via CaMK4‐CREB pathway
Authors: Jiang Shan , Wang Yujing , Ren Younan , Tang Qinglian , Xue Chu , Wang Zhi , Zhang Qi , Hu Yixin , Wang Hongbo , Zhao Fang , Zhu Michael X. , Cao Zhengyu
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

Genetic ablation or inhibition of the cation channel TRPC6 is protective against renal, cardiac and intestinal fibrosis. However, TRPC6 expression is decreased in patients with liver diseases. Here, we explored the role of TRPC6 in liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism.

Experimental Approach

Bile duct ligation and thioacetamide gavage were used to model liver fibrosis in C57BL/6J mice. Western blotting, immunolabelling and qPCR were employed for protein and mRNA expression. Liver injury/fibrosis were assessed using serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase assays, haematoxylin–eosin, Masson and Sirius red staining. Adenoviruses were used to overexpress TRPC6 and CREB1Y134F. ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were performed to test the direct inhibition of Acta2 transcription by CREB.

Key Results

TRPC6 protein levels were decreased in fibrotic liver tissues from both patients and mice, with the decrease being more robust in fibrotic areas. In hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), TRPC6 ablation aggravated liver injury and fibrosis, which was alleviated by overexpressing TRPC6. In primary cultured HSCs, deletion of TRPC6 exacerbated self‐activation of HSCs, which was reversed by restoration of TRPC6 expression. Mechanistically, TRPC6 suppressed HSC activation through CaMK4‐mediated CREB phosphorylation. CREB directly interacted with the promoter region of Acta2 to inhibit its transcription. Expression of a constitutively active form of CREB1 (CREB1Y134F) in HSCs attenuated BDL‐induced liver injury/fibrosis in TRPC6 knockout mice.

Conclusion and Implications

Deficiency of TRPC6 aggravates liver injury/fibrosis through augmentation of HSC activation. Increasing TRPC6 expression/function would be therapeutically beneficial for fibrotic liver diseases.
Spinal ataxia and computed tomography findings in a Poitou donkey affected with congenital occipitoatlantoaxial malformation
Authors: Mikic M. , Frers F. , Wittenberg‐Voges L. , Hellige M.
Published: January 2025

A 3‐year‐old Poitou donkey was referred for a computed tomography (CT) examination of the cervical spine due to acute deterioration of spinal ataxia. Neurological assessment revealed restricted neck mobility, hypermetria and circumduction of all limbs, indicating a grade 2 out of 5 ataxia. Abnormalities of the neurologic examination were most likely associated with spinal cord disease between C1 and C5. CT examination identified an asymmetric, congenital, occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (OAAM). A static extradural compression of the spinal cord secondary to the malformation was present. This case report represents an inaugural documentation of OAAM in a Poitou donkey.
Characteristics of meconium impaction/retention in newborn foals: From 2006 to 2024
Authors: Rivera Maza S. , Bishop R. C. , Austin S. M. , Foreman J. H. , Wilkins P. A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Meconium impaction/retention is a significant cause of colic in foals. Historically, limitations of both medical and surgical treatment are noted. Outcomes of meconium impaction/retention have not recently been reported.

Objective

To describe case characteristics and outcomes in foals with meconium impaction/retention.

Study design

Retrospective, single referral hospital.

Methods

Medical records from 2006 to 2024 were searched for foals ≤3 days old with a history of straining to defecate, abdominal distention, colic, weakness and/or tail flagging. Signalment, presenting complaint, treatment, outcome and comorbidities were summarised and compared between groups based on sex and survival. Associations between comorbidities and survival were evaluated by zero‐inflated Poisson regression.

Results

Forty‐three foals met the inclusion criteria. Male foals dominated (30/43; 70%). All foals were managed with enemas; phosphate (11/43; 30%), water with soap/lube (25/43; 58%), not specified 9/43 (21%), multiple types (8; 19%), acetylcysteine retention (1; 2%). Forty foals (93%) survived to discharge, and three (7%) were humanely euthanised. Of surviving foals, 37/40 (93%) responded fully to medical treatment. Surgical treatment was required in 4 foals (9%); 3/4 (75%) survived. Comorbidities were common including sepsis (10/43; 23%), pneumonia (10/43; 23%), failure of passive transfer (6/43; 14%) and hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (5/43; 12%). Non‐survivors (3/43; 7%) were euthanised due to sepsis, limb malformation and pneumonia.

Main limitations

Small sample size and low number of non‐survivors prevented meaningful statistical analysis.

Conclusion

Medical management of meconium impaction/retention is successful in the great majority of cases. Prognosis depends on the comorbidities present.
Performance Evaluation of Biocomposite Gears Under Fatigue and Wear: Steel Drive Gear Versus Biocomposite Drive Gear and Biocomposite Drive Gear Versus Biocomposite Gear
Authors: Hriberšek Matija , Kulovec Simon , Toubal Lotfi
Published: January 2025

Modern trends in using materials for drive applications encourage new research and solutions based on green materials. To expand the use of these materials in specific industrial environments, it is essential to understand their properties, which are determined through basic laboratory tests that simulate the product's real operation. Evaluating the performance of these materials on test specimens and real parts, such as gears, will enable precise optimization for specific applications. This paper presents systematic fatigue and wear characterization of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with 30% birch natural wood fibers for selected gear pair cases. The results showed that using the material in combination with a drive steel gear is more desirable than using the same material in a gear pair. The calculated wear coefficient of the biobased composite is comparable to numerical values of wear coefficients for engineering polymer materials.
Evaluation of Effects of Verbal and Video‐Based Instructions on the Improvement of Oral Hygiene Status in Children: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Demirel Akif , Güçlü Hatice Selin , Güçlü Merter , Bağış Nilsun
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of verbal and video‐based oral hygiene instructions (OHIs) on the improvement of the oral hygiene status (OHS) in children of different age groups in the mixed dentition period.

Methods

In total, 202 children aged 6–9 and 10–12 years (n = 101 each) were included. Before providing the OHIs, the baseline OHS was determined using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‐S). From each age group, approximately half of the participants were randomly assigned to the verbal (n = 50 and n = 51 from the 6–9‐year and 10–12‐year age groups, respectively) or video‐based (n = 51 and n = 50 from the 6–9‐year and 10–12‐year age groups, respectively) OHI groups. Children were recalled after 30 days and post‐instruction OHI‐S were recorded. Data were analysed using Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. The statistical significance level was set at 5%.

Results

For both OHI methods, no significant difference was found between the age groups in terms of the OHI‐S at both the pre‐ and post‐instruction timepoints (verbal OHIs: p = 0.354, p = 0.860 and video‐based OHIs: p = 0.174, p = 0.632, respectively). In both age groups, a significant difference was found between the baseline (pre‐) and post‐instruction OHI‐S for both OHI methods (p < 0.001); the post‐instruction OHS was found to be better than the pre‐instruction OHS. In both age groups, video‐based OHIs resulted in a significantly higher improvement in the OHS, compared with verbal OHIs (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

OHIs are effective in improving the OHS of children. In addition, video‐based education is preferable to verbal instruction for improving the OHS of children.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06449950
ICM Implantation and Remote Follow‐Up Management by Trained Nurses in Italian Hospitals: Current Practice and Nurse Feedback
Authors: Cervellione Rosario , Fetche Simona , Simoncelli Marzia , Frasnelli Paola , Vargiu Maurizio , Messina Cinzia , Contu Emanuele , Bertazzo Anna , Baccolo Eleonora , Carconi Marco , Cropanese Francesco , Spina Cristina , Montanaro Donato , Mercurio Annalisa , Facchetti Giuliana , Moltrasio Massimo , Baccillieri Stella , Mascioli Giosué , Maines Massimiliano
Published: January 2025

Aims

This project aimed to evaluate current practices of trained nurses performing implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) implantations and remote follow‐ups in Italy, assessing hospital protocols and nurses' perceptions.

Methods

An anonymous survey was conducted among 163 trained nurses across 75 Italian hospitals, focusing on their ICM implantation and remote monitoring practices. Data collected included hospital characteristics and protocols, barriers to implementation, and nurses' feedback on their experiences.

Results

Of the 112 respondents (69% response rate), 60% reported that nurses in their hospitals are authorized to perform ICM implantations, and 70% said that they can manage all remote monitoring tasks. Thirty‐three (29%) nurses manage all aspects of ICM patient care, including implantation, programming, enrollment in remote monitoring, training, data review, and follow‐up. Fifty‐five percent of nurses perform a part of ICM implants outside the EP/Cath lab, and for 31%, this is the primary location. 84% of implanter nurses achieved autonomy after < 10 supervised implants. More than 90% of implanter nurses consider ICM implantation rewarding and 96% find it safe and easy with the provided kit. However, only 33% and 17% of nurses had written protocols at their hospital, to guide ICM implantation and remote monitoring, respectively.

Conclusions

Nurse‐led ICM implantation and remote follow‐up are becoming established practices in Italy, with many nurses operating independently. Despite this progress, the absence of standard operating procedures limits the widespread adoption of these practices. Clear national and international protocols are essential to enhance nurse training, ensure safe practices, and ultimately improve patient care in ICM management.
Use of a Stylet Driven Lead With a Flexible Neck for Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Coles Sara A. , Shadrin Ilya Y. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Sun Albert Y. , Daubert James P. , Hegland Donald D. , Frazier‐Mills Camille G. , Pokorney Sean D. , Jackson Kevin P. , Thomas Kevin L. , Jackson Larry R. , Lewis Robert K. , Bahnson Tristram D. , Koontz Jason I. , Loring Zak , Friedman Daniel J.
Published: January 2025

Background

The majority of data on left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) are on a lumenless lead. Data on the safety and effectiveness of stylet driven leads are comparatively lacking.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 265 patients who underwent attempted LBBAP with an 7842 (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) lead in the Duke University Health System between 1/1/2020 and 9/1/2023. Outcomes of interest included post‐operative 7842 helix extension (≥2 helix rotations beyond the lead tip), complications, and lead parameters. A nested analysis of single and dual chamber LBBAP attempts was performed to compare outcomes among similar patients who underwent attempted LBBAP with the lumenless 3830 (Medtronic, Mineappolis, MN) lead.

Results

LBBAP success with 7842 was 89.8%. Characteristics were similar among patients with (n = 238) and without (n = 27) successful implants. Helix extension was evaluable for 222 of 238 successful 7842 implants. Of evaluable leads, helix extension was complete for 174 leads (78%), and partial for 48 (21.6%). A trend towards lower dislodgement rates was observed in patients with full versus partial extension (2.9% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.0895) and the rate of full helix extension increased over time (64.1% over 24 months vs. 81.4% over 21 months, p = 0.0162). The success rate of 3830 LBBAP implants (n = 140) was 92.8% (p = 0.069 vs. 7842). At implant, R waves were similar for 7842 and 3830 leads but were greater for 7842 during follow‐up (14.4 + /−0.77 vs. 11.3 + /−0.68, p = 0.004). Pacing impedances were higher with 7842 compared with 3830 at baseline (838 + /−10.44 ohms vs. 772 + /−14.58 ohms, p < 0.001) and during follow‐up (652 + /−11.0 ohms vs. 513 + /−9.18 ohms, p < 0.001); similarly, 7842 pacing thresholds (@ 0.4 ms) were slightly higher at baseline (0.85 V + /−0.03 vs. 0.68 V + /−0.03, p < 0.001) and 6 months (0.95 V + /−0.03 vs. 0.80 V + /−0.03, p < 0.001) compared with those for the lumenless 3830.

Conclusion

LBBAP implant success rates, complications, and pacing parameters using the 7842 lead are stable over time, and appeared overall similar to the 3830 lead. Incomplete 7842 helix extension is a modifiable risk factor for lead dislodgement.
Analysis of TNS3‐203 and LRRFIP1‐211 Transcripts as Oral Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Zeljic Katarina , Pavlovic Dunja , Stojkovic Goran , Dragicevic Sandra , Ljubicic Jelena , Todorovic Nikola , Nikolic Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A recent pan‐cancer transcriptome analysis indicated differential activity of alternative promoters of genes TNS3 and LRRFIP1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma compared to non‐cancerous tissue. The promoters upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma regulate expression of transcripts TNS3‐203 and LRRFIP1‐211.

Objective

Our aim was to investigate the biomarker potential of TNS3‐203 and LRRFIP1‐211 transcripts in oral cancer, the most common type of head and neck cancer.

Materials and Methods

An in silico approach was used to characterize the promoters and transcripts of interest. Relative expression of TNS3‐203 and LRRFIP1‐211 transcripts was evaluated by qRT‐PCR in a group of 46 oral cancer patients in samples of cancer and adjacent non‐cancerous tissue.

Results

TNS3‐203 was significantly overexpressed in oral cancer compared with matched non‐cancerous tissue, so this transcript can potentially be used as a diagnostic biomarker. There were no differences in LRRFIP1‐211 level between analyzed tissues. None of the investigated transcripts has prognostic potential in oral cancer.

Conclusion

The results obtained indicate the diagnostic potential of TNS3‐203, but not LRRFIP1‐211 transcript and its role in oral carcinogenesis.
Registered index‐linked annuities in qualified retirement plans
Authors: Ellis Cameron , Moenig Thorsten , Volkman‐Wise Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

Many Americans remain financially underprepared for retirement. While automatic enrollment in employer‐sponsored retirement plans has helped, target‐date funds (TDFs) used as default investments have limitations. We propose target‐date registered index‐linked annuities (TD‐RILAs) as a transparent, cost‐effective alternative providing decreasing equity exposure over time. A theoretical analysis explores TD‐RILAs' optimal structure and compares them to TDFs. A lab experiment examines investors' preferences, product transparency, default choices, and the role of information. We find that TD‐RILAs are a suitable addition to retirement plans, potentially rivaling TDFs.
Editorial: The Writing Realities Framework and new directions in writing research, instruction and learning
Authors: Young Ross , Ferguson Felicity , Kaufman Douglas
Published: January 2025

The Writing Realities Framework, developed by Young, Ferguson, Kaufman and Govender (2022), provides a robust structure for understanding and developing writing pedagogies which can empower all young people to express their unique perspectives, cultural capital and lived experiences through writing. It supports a more community‐focused and identity‐affirming approach to writing instruction. This special issue presents a collection of articles that have engaged with this theoretical framework in diverse and thought‐provoking ways, highlighting the key themes of writer‐identity, critical literacies, culturally sustaining pedagogy, multiliteracies, translanguaging and intertextuality The collection emphasises the range and complexity of educators' and young people's writing practices, encouraging scholars, policymakers and teachers to consider new ways of framing their research and practice.
Serotonin Receptors Polymorphisms Are Associated With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
Authors: Binienda Agata , Salaga Maciej , Patel Milan , Włodarczyk Jakub , Fichna Jakub , Venkatesan Thangam
Published: January 2025

Background

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by sudden, recurrent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. The pathophysiology of CVS is not known but genetic factors that regulate emetic neurocircuitry have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different variations in genes encoding serotonin receptors (HTRs) are associated with susceptibility to CVS and/or CVS symptoms.

Methods

This case–control study included 70 patients with CVS:16 male and 54 female, and 2504 healthy controls from the 1000 Genomes Project database. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding serotonin receptors (HTR1B, HTR1D, HTR3B and HTR3C) and correlations between SNPs and the symptoms of CVS were determined.

Key Results

Our study discovered that patients with GG, AA and GG genotypes of HTR1B/D rs6296, rs6298 and rs6300, respectively, as well as the CC genotype of HTR3B rs176744 are associated with an increased risk (p < 0.001), whereas allele C in rs3788987 (HTR3B, p < 0.01) and allele A in rs6766410 (HTR3C, p < 0.05) were associated with a decreased risk of CVS. In addition, statistical analysis indicated that CVS patients with GA or AA genotypes of HTR1D rs676643 gene have a seven‐fold increase in risk of depression compared to patients with GG genotype (p < 0.01).

Conclusions and Inferences

Our study revealed for the first time that variations in 5‐HTR genes may contribute to CVS susceptibility and CVS‐related symptoms.
Family History of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Brazilian Multicenter Study
Authors: de Barros Leonardo Pereira , Machado Renato Assis , das Neves Lucimara Teixeira , Martelli Daniella Reis Barbosa , Rangel Ana Lúcia Carrinho Ayroza , Volpato Luiz Evaristo Ricci , de Oliveira Fabrício Emanuel Soares , Farha Ana Laura Herrera , de Reis Silvia Regina Almeida , de Souza Danyele Cambraia Franco , Scariot Rafaela , Coletta Ricardo D. , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio
Published: January 2025

Objective

To summarize the evidence on the relationship between hereditary family history and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC) in patients from various Brazilian states.

Methods

This cross‐sectional multicenter study was conducted at six specialized orofacial cleft services across different regions of Brazil. The sample consisted of 1899 patients with NSOC, including cleft lip only (NSCLO), cleft palate only (NSCPO), and cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). Data were collected from clinical records between June 2023 and May 2024. Family history was classified as positive or negative, with additional details on the number of affected relatives, degree of kinship, and type of oral cleft. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0, with chi‐square tests and z tests to assess associations between variables, and Student's t test to compare the mean number of affected relatives among cleft types.

Results

Of 1899 patients, 52.6% had NSCLP, 24.11% had NSCPO, and 23.27% had NSCLO. NSCLP and NSCLO were more common in males, while NSCPO was more frequent in females. NSCLP and NSCLO showed similar rates of positive family history, whereas NSCPO had significantly fewer cases with hereditary links. Third‐degree relatives were the most affected across all groups.

Conclusion

NSCLP and NSCLO showed a higher frequency in males and more cases of positive family history compared to NSCPO. Further studies are needed to explore the genetic basis of NSOC, particularly in genetically diverse populations like Brazil.
Knocking out the carboxyltransferase interactor 1 (CTI1) in Chlamydomonas boosted oil content by fivefold without affecting cell growth
Authors: Li Zhongze , Kim Minjae , da Silva Nascimento Jose Roberto , Legeret Bertrand , Jorge Gabriel Lemes , Bertrand Marie , Beisson Fred , Thelen Jay J. , Li‐Beisson Yonghua
Published: January 2025

The first step in chloroplast de novo fatty acid synthesis is catalysed by acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase). As the rate‐limiting step for this pathway, ACCase is subject to both positive and negative regulation. In this study, we identify a Chlamydomonas homologue of the plant carboxyltransferase interactor 1 (CrCTI1) and show that this protein interacts with the Chlamydomonas α‐carboxyltransferase (Crα‐CT) subunit of the ACCase by yeast two‐hybrid protein–protein interaction assay. Three independent CRISPR‐Cas9 mediated knockout mutants for CrCTI1 each produced an ‘enhanced oil’ phenotype, accumulating 25% more total fatty acids and storing up to fivefold more triacylglycerols (TAGs) in lipid droplets. The TAG phenotype of the crcti1 mutants was not influenced by light but was affected by trophic growth conditions. By growing cells under heterotrophic conditions, we observed a crucial function of CrCTI1 in balancing lipid accumulation and cell growth. Mutating a previously mapped in vivo phosphorylation site (CrCTI1 Ser108 to either Ala or to Asp), did not affect the interaction with Crα‐CT. However, mutating all six predicted phosphorylation sites within Crα‐CT to create a phosphomimetic mutant reduced this pairwise interaction significantly. Comparative proteomic analyses of the crcti1 mutants and WT suggested a role for CrCTI1 in regulating carbon flux by coordinating carbon metabolism, antioxidant and fatty acid β‐oxidation pathways, to enable cells to adapt to carbon availability. Taken together, this study identifies CrCTI1 as a negative regulator of fatty acid synthesis in algae and provides a new molecular brick for the genetic engineering of microalgae for biotechnology purposes.
Genetic Improvement of Sweet Potato: Influence of Selection Method in Early Stages of the Programme
Authors: de Oliveira Darllan Junior Luiz Santos Ferreira , Toledo Geissiane Neves , Pavan Bruno Ettore , Vargas Pablo Forlan
Published: January 2025

Plant breeding programmes: every stage of the process is crucial for the ultimate success. Currently, for sweet potato cultivation, the primary selection methods used in the initial stage of the genetic improvement programme are based on selection indices, techniques that require significant labour and time. Given this, the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and compare different initial selection methods, namely, the traditional method using the selection rank index and a newly proposed methodology using visual analysis. The study comprised three experiments. The studies were conducted in an area belonging to the Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) on the Jaboticabal Campus, located in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The first involved selection of the initial population conducted in summer (August–December 2021), using a randomized complete block design with two replications, evaluating 512 treatments (510 genotypes and two cultivars). Subsequent experiments in summer (December 2021–April 2022) and winter (April–September) evaluated 30 genotypes selected in the first cycle and one cultivar (Beauregard) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Harvesting in the summer experiments occurred 120 days after planting, while in winter, it occurred at 150 days. Statistical analyses were performed on the data. The highest heritabilities were found for commercial root yield (PC) (0.69) and flesh colour (CP) (0.79). Regarding direct selection gain, the predicted gains were significant, ranging from −21.21% to 119.58%, indicating a favourable condition for selection. The estimated selection gains were higher than those achieved for PC alone. However, for general shape (FG), commercial pattern (PDC) and flesh colour (CP), the actual gains exceeded the estimated ones. The realized heritability was lower than the estimated one for commercial root yield (PC) but higher for general shape (FG), commercial pattern (PDC) and flesh colour (CP), except for commercial pattern (PDC) in winter cultivation using the index and flesh colour (CP) in summer cultivation using the visual method. In conclusion, the visual selection method is deemed viable for the initial stage of sweet potato genetic improvement.
A Novel Report of Müllerian (Vaginal/Uterine) Agenesis in a Newborn Girl With LUMBAR Syndrome
Authors: Havele Sonia A. , Horii Kimberly A. , Metry Denise W. , Lawson Ashli , Rentea Rebecca M. , Nopper Amy J.
Published: January 2025

LUMBAR syndrome is characterized by lower body segmental infantile hemangiomas, urogenital abnormalities/hemangioma ulceration, spinal cord malformations, bony deformities, anorectal malformations/arterial anomalies, and/or renal anomalies. Here we present an infant girl with LUMBAR syndrome who was also discovered to have Müllerian agenesis, defined as absent uterus or nonfunctional uterine remnants. While vaginal and uterine duplications are included among the diagnostic criteria for LUMBAR syndrome, this is the first case of associated Mullerian agenesis. This report also provides more evidence that LUMBAR syndrome be included in the spectrum of clinically overlapping disorders characterized by caudal dysgenesis, known as “recurrent constellations of embryonic malformations.”
Employees’ Perceived Overqualification and Spouses’ Family‐Work Enrichment: Examining the Role of Schedule Control and Competitive Climate
Authors: Dong Yanan , Luksyte Aleksandra , Zhang Mian , Ma Lin
Published: January 2025

Resources are critical for family‐work enrichment (FWE), meaning that more resources facilitate higher FWE. This suggests that living with overqualified partners—those with surplus skills, abilities, and work experience—might increase spouses’ FWE. However, this may not always be true, as overqualified employees may lack motivation or opportunities to transfer their surplus resources to home domains, thereby reducing their spouses’ FWE. Drawing on the crossover of resources theory, this study posits that the nature of this relationship depends on employees’ schedule control or the competitive climate via social support for spouses. We examined the proposed moderated mediation model in two studies. Study 1 (N = 246) was based on a sample of hospital employees and their spouses, and Study 2 (N = 328) used matched data from employees of an information technology company and their spouses. Study 1 showed that when schedule control was higher or competitive climate was lower, perceived overqualification was positively related to spouses’ FWE through increased social support. We constructively replicated these effects in Study 2 using (a) instrumental and emotional support; (b) additional outcomes such as spouses’ job performance and work well‐being; and (c) alternative mediators and moderators. Across the two studies, our research supports the transfer of the surplus resources of overqualified employees to facilitate their spouses’ FWE in favorable work contexts.
Site and management factors determining the fate of hardwood trees planted on reclaimed coal mines in the Illinois Basin, USA
Authors: Redick Caleb H. , Jacobs Douglass F.
Published: January 2025

Despite decades of research and practice restoring forests on surface coal mines, success is still variable, and failures often occur. To better understand how variation in site factors and management affects the success of restoration of coal mines, we conducted a survey of tree performance for mine sites in the Illinois Basin across Indiana, USA, reclaimed between 2008 and 2018. We explored the impacts of climate and soil conditions on the survival and growth of planted trees, as well as the cover of associated vegetation. Average overall survival (21%) was relatively low compared to typical unmined sites. Organic matter had one of the most consistent and largest effects on most oak species, with the highest performance between 3 and 5%. Soil phosphorus content was the most important factor determining whether a planting totally failed and affected the growth of White oak (Quercus alba) and Swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), though its effect on White oak was nonlinear. Rainfall in the year of planting had large positive effects on the survival and growth of Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), and Black walnut (Juglans nigra) and temperature in the year of planting had large positive effects on the growth of Bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) and Persimmon. Planting a diverse mix of species is the best option both for approximating natural conditions, and for avoiding problems from the failure of individual species. While conditions vary, successful forest restoration on former coal mines can occur; this study reveals some of the most important factors affecting such success.
Intricate microbial structures: The enigma of reticulated filaments
Authors: Miller Ana Zélia , Saiz‐Jimenez Cesareo
Published: January 2025

Microorganisms inhabit all possible biosphere ecosystems, including natural and man‐made subterranean environments, which favour the growth of specialized microbial communities under near‐starvation conditions. Among the most enigmatic microbial features found in karstic and volcanic caves are reticulated filaments, consisting of long mineralized filaments forming an open‐mesh with square‐shaped or hexagonal‐shaped reticles. Despite their widespread occurrence and detailed morphological documentation, their microbial origins, formation mechanisms and ecological roles remain enigmatic. This review consolidates current knowledge on reticulated filaments, and addresses theoretical and scientific gaps on these intricate microbial structures, highlighting the association of reticulated filaments with biomineralization processes and the potential involvement of rare or uncultivated microbial taxa. Variations in sheath composition and size suggest the involvement of multiple microbial groups, potentially including bacteria, archaea and fungi. This study proposes that reticulated filaments serve as biosignatures, reflecting complex microbe–mineral interactions and local geochemical conditions. Their occurrence in environments rich in iron and manganese points to potential biogeochemical cycling roles, while their structural complexity suggests adaptive strategies for microbial survival. Future research directions are outlined and the relevance of reticulated filaments as indicators of past and present microbial activity is highlighted, with implications for understanding biomineralization, geomicrobiology and the search for life in extreme environments.
Empowering mathematics teacher educators: Exploring Artificial Intelligence‐driven mathematical tasks
Authors: Aqazade Mahtob , Mauntel Matthew , Atabas Sebnem
Published: January 2025

With the growing attention to generative artificial intelligence tools, particularly ChatGPT, there have been efforts to explore its implications for and applications in teacher education programs. Mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) can leverage ChatGPT as a facilitative tool to enhance preservice teachers' understanding, analyzing, and enacting of high‐leverage, effective mathematics teaching practices. One such practice is designing mathematical tasks. In this study, we, three MTEs, utilized a self‐study methodology to first highlight how our domains of knowledge informed our prompt engineering techniques given to ChatGPT to generate mathematical tasks and second, to share lessons learned from our interactions with ChatGPT during our critical friend dialogues. We primarily used our pedagogical and pedagogical content knowledge to craft prompts. Our prompt engineering techniques involved revising, generating, or editing. The lessons learned underlined the different conceptualizations of what constitutes a task, and the importance of articulating and navigating the learning goal throughout ChatGPT interactions. Our findings have implications for fostering MTEs' knowledge of using ChatGPT to generate mathematical tasks and ways of supporting current and future teachers in using ChatGPT in their classrooms.
“I didn't know it formally”: Shifting work and intended influences of informal teacher leaders in the third year of mathematics professional development
Authors: Brown Karie , Auslander Susan Swars , Vo Michael Cao Hung , Bingham Gary E. , Fuentes Debra S.
Published: January 2025

The development and use of elementary mathematics specialists (EMSs) is an indispensable approach for improving mathematics instruction in schools. This holistic singular‐case study explored the teacher leadership of 26 EMSs across a three‐year period as they developed in their informal teacher leader role during a five‐year mathematics professional development program. To examine participants' teacher leader work and intended influences of these efforts, quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Findings of a teacher leader record show the prevalence, variability, audiences, and shifts in their teacher leader efforts, with the interview data illuminating complexity and extensions. In their advocacy for ambitious and equitable instruction, the EMSs sought to support students, families, teachers, administrators, and community members in particular ways. Shifts were observed as they became more comfortable with their roles and responsibilities as teacher leaders. They were increasingly positioned as holders of expertise within communities of practices in their schools, contributing to more influence in their settings. EMSs reported not only supporting teachers through leading professional development but advocating for students and best practices informally in ad hoc hallway conversations. Notably, the EMSs recognized expertise in fellow teachers and sought to elevate them as leaders.
Conformational dynamics of a multienzyme complex in anaerobic carbon fixation
Authors: Yin Max Dongsheng , Lemaire Olivier N. , Rosas Jiménez José Guadalupe , Belhamri Mélissa , Shevchenko Anna , Hummer Gerhard , Wagner Tristan , Murphy Bonnie J.
Published: January 2025

In the ancient microbial Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, carbon dioxide (CO
2
) is fixed in a multistep process that ends with acetyl–coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthesis at the bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex (CODH/ACS). In this work, we present structural snapshots of the CODH/ACS from the gas-converting acetogen
Clostridium autoethanogenum
, characterizing the molecular choreography of the overall reaction, including electron transfer to the CODH for CO
2
reduction, methyl transfer from the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (CoFeSP) partner to the ACS active site, and acetyl-CoA production. Unlike CODH, the multidomain ACS undergoes large conformational changes to form an internal connection to the CODH active site, accommodate the CoFeSP for methyl transfer, and protect the reaction intermediates. Altogether, the structures allow us to draw a detailed reaction mechanism of this enzyme, which is crucial for CO
2
fixation in anaerobic organisms.
In Other Journals
Authors: Smith Jesse , Lopez Bianca , Ray L. Bryan , Ash Caroline , Wible Brad , Kelly Priscilla N. , Funk Michael A.
Published: January 2025

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Experts uprooted
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: January 2025

A small statistical agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture was torn apart under Trump—and then rebuilt. What did it lose, and what can other U.S. research agencies learn from it?
Global study shows species are losing diversity
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Even in some common species, the genetic variation key to resilience is slipping away
Effectiveness of clindamycin-based exposure strategies in experimental mature staphylococcal biofilms
Authors: van Dun S. C. J. , Verheul M. , Pijls B. G. C. W. , Scheper H. , van der Does A. M. , Nibbering P. H. , de Boer M. G. J.
Published: January 2025

Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance and side effects caused by current standard antimicrobial regimens used for treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI), alternative options are urgently needed. We aimed to investigate the effect of clindamycin in different exposure strategies against
Staphylococcus aureus
in an
in vitro
mature biofilm model. In short, 7-day biofilms were generated on polystyrene plates and titanium–aluminum–vanadium discs using a clinical
S. aureus
PJI isolate. Next, biofilms were exposed to clindamycin according to four strategies: single 24-h exposure; prolonged 48- or 72-h exposure; repeated 24-h exposures during a 4-day period, and sequential exposures of initial 24-h rifampicin-based therapy followed by 24-h exposure to clindamycin. The remaining bacterial load (colony-forming unit [CFU]/mL) after antibiotic exposure was assessed. Confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopy were applied to evaluate the biofilm structure. Single exposure to clindamycin for 24 h or prolonged up to 72 h did not result in any relevant reduction in bacterial load. Repeated 24-h exposures demonstrated relevant reductions of >3 log CFU/mL at clindamycin concentrations ≥16 mg/L for the 3rd and 4th consecutive doses. Sequential rifampicin–ciprofloxacin combination exposure followed by clindamycin showed bacterial load reductions of 3- to 4-log CFU/mL, similar to continued rifampicin–ciprofloxacin exposure. This was achieved for concentrations equivalent to levels achieved after standard dosing of clindamycin in clinical practice. These experimental findings support that clindamycin monotherapy is not an optimal choice when starting antimicrobial treatment of PJI but that later on, rifampicin may be safely switched to clindamycin in patients with PJI who do not tolerate prolonged rifampicin-based treatment.

IMPORTANCE

Rifampicin—in combination with another antibiotics—is recommended in all guidelines as first choice treatment of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), despite adverse interactions and side effects associated with this antibiotic. In a search for alternative approaches, the switch to clindamycin in patients after rifampicin-based antibiotic treatment was found to be effective in some recent observational clinical studies. In our in vitro study, we determined the effect of clindamycin on
Staphylococcus aureus
in mature biofilms, to obtain further insight. Our study showed that clindamycin was effective in reducing mature biofilm-residing
S. aureus
after initial exposure to rifampicin–ciprofloxacin, while it was not effective as first treatment. These in vitro findings provide evidence for the hypothesis that rifampicin–ciprofloxacin can be successfully switched to clindamycin monotherapy in PJI patients in a later phase of treatment.
Microbiome characterization of two fresh pork cuts during production in a pork fabrication facility
Authors: Asmus A. E. , Gaire T. N. , Schweisthal K. J. , Staben S. M. , Noyes N. R.
Published: January 2025

The goal of this study was to characterize the microbial profile of two different fresh pork cuts, bootjack (BJ) trim and tenderloin (TL), through a 16S rRNA sequencing workflow developed specifically for investigating low-biomass fresh meat within a commercial production schedule. Additionally, this study aimed to determine a baseline
Salmonella
prevalence and enumeration profile across these two fresh pork cuts. Results showed that microbiome diversity was different between the BJ and TL, and also differed significantly by processing date. The relative abundance of key bacterial genera associated with food safety and spoilage was also different between the two meat types. However, over the course of the production shift, changes in the meat microbiome were limited in both the BJ and TL. The crude prevalence and enumerated burden of
Salmonella
were lower than what has been previously reported in similar fresh pork cuts, and all of the
Salmonella
-positive samples occurred on just two processing windows of 1–2 days each. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the microbial profile of two fresh pork cuts is significantly different even within the same plant at the same time points, and that day-to-day variability within the production process likely influences both the fresh pork microbiome and
Salmonella
profile of these two meat types.

IMPORTANCE

Modern pork processing involves a series of processes that begin with the handling and transport of the live animals, proceed through harvest and fabrication, and end with the packaging and distribution of fresh pork to the consumer. Each step in this process can alter the microbial community of fresh pork and influence the meat’s safety and shelf life. However, little is known about the microbial ecology of individual, unprocessed pork cuts and if the diversity of the meat microbiome remains consistent throughout a production schedule. Additionally, the crude prevalence and enumeration of
Salmonella
have not been well established for individual fresh pork cuts throughout a production schedule. A more thorough understanding of the microbial profile at different stages of pork production will help processors determine processing steps that impact the microbial characteristics of fresh pork. This insight will help processors implement targeted intervention strategies to enhance food safety and quality.
Influence of internal fluid driving mechanisms on red bed bleaching in the Paradox Basin (Colorado Plateau, Utah and Colorado, USA)
Authors: Lucero Dolan , Bailey Lydia , Kim Ji-Hyun , Voller Vaughan , Hughes Amanda , Krantz Robert , Lingrey Steve , Barton Mark D. , Barton Isabel , Reiners Peter , McIntosh Jennifer , Neuzil Chris , Thorson Jon , Person Mark
Published: January 2025

While it has been known for some time that reducing fluids have bleached red beds adjacent to fault zones and regionally across the Colorado Plateau, the volumes of fluids expelled along faults have never been quantified. We have developed and applied a suite of one-dimensional hydrologic models to test the hypothesis that internally generated, reducing fluids migrated up sub-basin bounding faults across the Paradox Basin and bleached overlying red beds. The internal fluid driving mechanisms included are mechanical compaction, petroleum and natural gas generation, aquathermal expansion of water, and clay dewatering. The model was calibrated using pressure, temperature, porosity, permeability, and vitrinite reflectance data. Model results indicate that sediment compaction was the most important pressure generation mechanism, producing the majority of internal fluids sourced during basin evolution. Peak fluid migration occurred during the Pennsylvanian−Permian (325−300 Ma) and Cretaceous (95−65 Ma) periods, the latter being concurrent with simulated peak oil/gas generation (87−74 Ma), which likely played a role in the bleaching of red beds. Batch geochemical advection models and mass balance calculations were utilized to estimate the volume of bleaching in an idealized reservoir having a thickness (∼100 m) and porosity (0.2) corresponding to bleached reservoirs observed in the Paradox Basin. Bleaching volume calculations show that internal fluid driving mechanisms were likely responsible for fault-related alteration observed within the Wingate, Morrison, and Navajo Formations in four localities across the Paradox Basin in the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Colorado, USA. The volume calculation required that 33%−55% of the total basinal fluids, composed of hydrogen-sulfide and paleo-seawater, migrated into an overlying red bed reservoir (0.5 wt% Fe2O3).
Supplemental Material: The Paleoproterozoic Otish and Mistassini basins of Quebec, Canada: A record of Superia supercraton breakup and the end of the Lomagundi-Jatuli carbon isotope excursion
Authors: Hodgskiss Malcolm S.W. , al. et
Published: January 2025

Field photographs, photomicrographs, additional geochronological details, and stable isotope and geochronological data.
Implications of conflict on vaccination in the Sahel region
Authors: Sabahelzain Majdi M , Dwyer Harriet , Abimbola Seye , Leask Julie
Published: January 2025

The Sahel region is a geographical belt in Africa that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, between the Sahara Desert in the north and the Savannah in the south. It is characterised by challenging environmental crises and conflicts. This analysis highlights the potential implications of conflict on vaccination across five Sahel countries, including Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and Sudan, from 2019 to 2023. It also presents recommendations to improve vaccination coverage in these settings. The WHO Immunisation Data Portal was used to extract data about vaccination coverage and disease outbreaks. With the increasing complexity of humanitarian access in the Sahel, there has been an accumulation of the number of zero-dose and underimmunised children. In 2023 alone, most of these countries had a significant proportion of zero-dose children, particularly Sudan (43%), Mali (22%) and Chad (16%). Nearly half of children in Sudan (49%), 33% in Chad and 23% in Mali are underimmunised. Measles vaccine coverage was consistently below 90% in these countries, except for Burkina Faso. The trend of polio outbreaks (circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus) across these countries showed fluctuations in the number of cases, with Niger having reported several cases over this period, and Chad having 101 cases reported in 2020 alone. Despite relatively high coverage, there were significant outbreaks of polio in Burkina Faso, Sudan and Mali in 2020, which reflects the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons can be learnt from past diplomatic and programmatic successes, while investments in innovative and flexible approaches may help increase the reach of vaccination programmes in inaccessible areas.