bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Obligations concerning Negotiations Cases and the “Dispute” Requirement in the International Court of Justice
Authors: Pomson Ori
Published: March 2018

In the Obligations concerning Negotiations cases, the International Court of Justice (icj) ruled that it lacked jurisdiction to proceed to the merits since there was no dispute prior to the filing of the application by the Republic of the Marshall Islands (rmi) against the three respondent states – India, Pakistan and the United Kingdom – respectively. The present article considers more closely the basis of the requirement that a “dispute” exists for the icj to exercise its jurisdiction. It submits that the condition that a “dispute” exists relates to the essence of the Court’s judicial function. It then questions whether the respondent’s awareness of the applicant’s opposition to its views is a requirement for engaging the Court’s judicial function. After answering this question affirmatively, it questions whether reasons of judicial propriety dictate that a dispute must exist prior to the filing of an application. This question is also answered affirmatively.
Begonia adamsensis (sect. Baryandra, Begoniaceae), a new species from Luzon Island, the Philippines
Authors: MAGTOTO LIEZEL M. , RUBITE ROSARIO R. , AUSTRIA CELIA M.
Published: March 2018

Begonia adamsensis from the northern part of Luzon Island is described as a new species endemic to the Philippines. This is the latest addition to the Begonia sect. Baryandra, making the total of Philippine begonias in this section to 56 species. It resembles Begonia hernandioides because its leaves are peltate, with a broad base, acuminate tip, nearly entire margin, and a glabrous peduncle; however, it differs significantly from B. hernandioides because of its broadly ovate red stipule, pubescent petiole, elliptic peltate leaf, pubescent abaxial lamina, and 4 perianth segments in the carpellate flower. Only about 200 individuals were found in a 100-m area that is being developed as a tourist spot in the locality, hence Begonia adamsensis is hereby proposed as critically endangered.
New record of Chaetomium grande Asgari & Zare (Chaetomiaceae) for the Egyptian and African mycobiota
Authors: ABDEL-AZEEM AHMED M. , BLANCHETTE ROBERT A. , HELD BENJAMIN W.
Published: March 2018

The first record of Chaetomium grande (Ascomycota, Chaetomiaceae) for the Egyptian and African fungi is reported here. The species was found during an extensive taxonomic and ecological revision of the genus Chaetomium supported by Science and Development Technology Fund in Egypt. Ch. grande identified phenotypically and was subjected to sequencing for confirmation. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1–5.8 s – ITS2 rDNA sequences obtained were compared with those deposited in the GenBank Database and registered with accession number MF787599 in the NCBI Database. We provide an updated full description and illustration of the species.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoëtaceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: March 2018

We provide a synopsis to the lycophyte family Isoëtaceae in Bolivia, comprising six species, two of which are endemic to the country.
Passiflora kumandayi (Passifloraceae), a new species from the Colombian Andes in a new section within subgenus Decaloba
Authors: BUITRAGO A. MARÍA ALEJANDRA , MACDOUGAL JOHN M. , COCA LUIS FERNANDO
Published: March 2018

A new species of passion flower from the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes is here described; Passiflora kumandayi M.A. Buitrago A. & Coca (subgenus Decaloba, supersection Auriculata). This species, along with five other closely related Andean species, comprise a monophyletic group characterized by paired branched inflorescences and small flowers with short or absent androgynophores. A provisional key to the species in the newly described section Apodae is presented. Passiflora kumandayi is here illustrated and its affinities with related species are discussed based on morphology and phylogenetic binning analysis using molecular site weight calibration.
Odd species of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the American rainforest and southern Andes
Authors: STONIS JONAS R. , REMEIKIS ANDRIUS
Published: March 2018

In addition to numerous new species that can be placed to genera, our recent study of a large collection sample of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from Central and South America revealed a few odd-looking new species, the taxonomic position of which seems rather problematic and, therefore, preliminary. Here we describe three new species of pygmy moths (Nepticulidae) from the Amazonian rainforest (Venezuela) and southern Andes (Chile and Argentina) possessing uncommon morphology. We also provide the first photographic documentation of the Central American Acalyptris argentosa (Puplesis & Robinson, 2000) with rather odd and hitherto unknown hindwing scaling. All species treated in the paper are extensively illustrated with drawings and (or) photographs of the adults and genitalia.
Nomenclatural changes in the higher classification of the family Tettigometridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) with description of a new tribe and new species and a review of the Iranian tettigometrid fauna
Authors: MOZAFFARIAN FARIBA , BOURGOIN THIERRY , WILSON MICHAEL R.
Published: March 2018

The first part of this paper provides a historical review of the classification of the family Tettigometridae, including the description of a new tribe, Plesiometrini trib. nov. to accommodate three Afrotropical genera of the subfamily Tettigometrinae. The name Nototettigometra Muir 1924, is proposed to replace Hilda Kirkaldy 1900, homonym of Hilda Hörnes & Auinger 1884, and corresponding new combinations are given, including Nototettigometrinae nom. subst. to replace Hildinae Fennah 1952. An identification key to suprageneric taxa of Tettigometridae including both male and female characters is provided. In the second part, 18 tettigometrid species are recorded from Iran. A new species, Tettigometra (Tettigometra) parihana sp. nov. is described. Tettigometra (Metroplaca) longicornis and Tettigometra (Tettigometra) impressifrons are reported as new records for the Iranian fauna. An identification key and distribution maps are provided for the Iran fauna.
On the ground spider genera Marjanus gen. n., Lasophorus gen. n. and Turkozelotes Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Greece
Authors: CHATZAKI MARIA
Published: March 2018

New taxonomic data on the ground spiders of the family Gnaphosidae from Greece are presented. Two genera are proposed as new to science (Marjanus gen. n. and Lasophorus gen. n.) together with two new species (Lasophorus zakkak sp. n. and Lasophorus zografae sp. n.) and a new combination (Marjanus platnicki comb. nov.). Additionally the genus Turkozelotes Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 is here rediagnosed and the female of the type species T. microb Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 is described for the first time. The finding of the matching male of Setaphis mccowani Chatzaki & Russell-Smith, 2017 suggests the transfer of this species to Turkozelotes and hence the male of T. mccowani comb. nov. is described for the first time. Taxonomic affinities of these genera and species are discussed.
Police officers and post-traumatic stress disorder: Discussing the deficit in research, identification and prevention in England and Wales
Authors: Foley Jim , Massey Kristina
Published: March 2018

This article will review available literature regarding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within policing in England and Wales, with a particular focus on its early identification and prevention. An overview of PTSD will be given as well as an exploration of why police officers are potentially more susceptible to this mental health condition compared to other members of society. Key factors in the early identification and prevention of PTSD will be outlined, with a focus on crisis intervention techniques which have been subject to considerable academic study. There is limited research available from England and Wales that looks specifically at PTSD in policing; this research deficit will be highlighted and key areas of research which need to be explored further will be given so that this problem can be both identified and prevented in officers.
How (and Whether) to Teach Undergraduates About the Replication Crisis in Psychological Science
Authors: Chopik William J. , Bremner Ryan H. , Defever Andrew M. , Keller Victor N.
Published: March 2018

Over the past 10 years, crises surrounding replication, fraud, and best practices in research methods have dominated discussions in the field of psychology. However, no research exists examining how to communicate these issues to undergraduates and what effect this has on their attitudes toward the field. We developed and validated a 1-hr lecture communicating issues surrounding the replication crisis and current recommendations to increase reproducibility. Pre- and post-lecture surveys suggest that the lecture serves as an excellent pedagogical tool. Following the lecture, students trusted psychological studies slightly less but saw greater similarities between psychology and natural science fields. We discuss challenges for instructors taking the initiative to communicate these issues to undergraduates in an evenhanded way.
The Emergence of Contextual Social Psychology
Authors: Pettigrew Thomas F.
Published: March 2018

Social psychology experiences recurring so-called “crises.” This article maintains that these episodes actually mark advances in the discipline; these “crises” have enhanced relevance and led to greater methodological and statistical sophistication. New statistical tools have allowed social psychologists to begin to achieve a major goal: placing psychological phenomena in their larger social contexts. This growing trend is illustrated with numerous recent studies; they demonstrate how cultures and social norms moderate basic psychological processes. Contextual social psychology is finally emerging.
“Feeling Less Than a Second Class Citizen”: Examining the Emotional Consequences of Poverty in New York City
Authors: Ali Samira , Sensoy Bahar Ozge , Gopalan Priya , Lukasiewicz Karolina , Parker Gary , McKay Mary , Walker Robert
Published: March 2018

It has been argued that individuals living in poverty are shamed, and thus, experience it in various social and institutional spaces. However, little is known about this dynamic in the United States. This study examined the relationship between poverty and shame among individuals living in poverty. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 60 participants in New York, NY. The results reveal that participants experience shame, anger, and frustration in their roles as (a) caregivers when being unable to provide material items and trying to keep up with others in society and (b) social welfare recipients when at the welfare office and accessing welfare benefits. Despite experiencing such debilitating emotions, participants formulated and used strategies to manage these feelings and situations. These findings point to the role of social and institutional practices in shaping emotions.
Second malignancy versus recurrence after complete resection of thymoma
Authors: Hamaji Masatsugu , Sozu Takashi , Machida Ryunosuke , Omasa Mitsugu , Menju Toshi , Aoyama Akihiro , Sato Toshihiko , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi-Fengshi , Sonobe Makoto , Date Hiroshi
Published: March 2018

Background

Patients undergoing complete resection of thymoma occasionally develop a recurrence of thymoma; they are also at risk of developing a second malignancy. The objective of our study was to compare the incidence and mortality of a second malignancy versus a recurrence of thymoma during the postoperative follow-up period after complete resection of thymoma.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on our prospectively maintained database to identify patients undergoing complete resection of thymoma at our institution between 1991 and 2016. The incidence and related mortality of a second malignancy or recurrence of thymoma were recorded.

Results

One hundred and sixty-four patients were identified. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 239 months (median 54 months). During follow-up, 12 patients had a recurrence of thymoma and 14 developed a second malignancy. The mean risk ratio of recurrence to second malignancy was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.69) at 5 years, 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.49–0.68) at 10 years, and 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.60) at 15 years. The mean risk ratio of recurrence versus second malignancy for related death was 0.59 (95% confidence interval: 0.50–0.70) at 5 years and 0.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.72) at 10 years.

Conclusion

It appears that patients undergoing complete resection of thymoma have a higher incidence of a second malignancy and a greater related mortality rate than a recurrence of thymoma. A multiinstitutional database is required to more rigorously evaluate both risks and to confirm our results.
Patient, Treatment, and Health Care Utilization Variables Associated with Adherence to Metabolic Monitoring Practices in Children and Adolescents Taking Second-Generation Antipsychotics
Authors: Coughlin Mary , Goldie Catherine Lindsay , Tranmer Joan , Khalid-Khan Sarosh , Tregunno Deborah
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Children and adolescents with a range of psychiatric disorders are increasingly being prescribed atypical or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). While SGAs are effective at treating conduct and behavioural symptoms, they infer significant cardiometabolic risk. This study aims to explore what patient, treatment, and health care utilization variables are associated with adherence to Canadian Alliance for Monitoring Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotics in Children (CAMESA) metabolic monitoring guidelines.

Method:

A retrospective chart review of 294 children and adolescents accessing a large outpatient psychiatry setting within a 2-year study period (2014-2016) was conducted. Baseline and follow-up metabolic monitoring, demographic, treatment, and health care utilization variables were then assessed over a 1-year period of interest.

Results:

Metabolic monitoring practices did not adhere to CAMESA guidelines and were very poor over the 1-year observation period. There were significant differences between children (ages 4-12 years, n = 99) and adolescents (ages 13-18 years, n = 195). In adolescents, factors associated with any baseline metabolic monitoring were a higher number of psychiatry visits (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.41), longer duration of contact (OR, 14; 95% CI, 2.31 to 82.4), and use of other non-SGA medications (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.17 to 8.94). Among children, having an emergency room visit (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.01 to 11.71) and taking aripiprazole (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 2.02 to 27.45) increased the odds of receiving baseline metabolic monitoring.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study highlight the need for better metabolic monitoring for children and adolescents taking SGAs. Enhanced focus on opportunities for multidisciplinary collaboration is needed to improve the quality of care offered to this population.
Maltreatment and Affective and Behavioral Problems in Emerging Adults With and Without Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms: Mediation by Parent–Child Relationship Quality
Authors: McKinney Cliff , Stearns Melanie , Szkody Erica
Published: March 2018

The current study examined the indirect effect of maternal and paternal emotional and physical maltreatment on affective and behavioral symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) through parent–child relationship quality; gender and overall ODD symptoms were examined as moderators. Participants included 2,362 emerging adults who completed questionnaires about parental emotional and physical maltreatment, parent–child relationship quality, and affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. These characteristics were compared across parent and child gender (i.e., maternal and paternal effects as well as male and female differences) as well as participants reporting high and low ODD symptoms. In the low ODD group, indirect effects of emotional maltreatment occurred in all parent–child dyads except the mother–son dyad, whereas in the high ODD group, indirect effects occurred only in the father–son dyad. Indirect effects of physical maltreatment occurred only in the father–son dyad in the low ODD group, and only in the mother–daughter dyad on behavioral ODD symptoms in the high ODD group. The results suggest that specific parent–child gender dyads respond differently, warranting further investigation of gender effects. Moreover, emerging adults in the low ODD symptoms group demonstrated a positive association between parental maltreatment and ODD symptoms and a negative association between parent–child relationship quality and ODD symptoms, whereas those high in the high ODD symptoms group did not demonstrate these associations. That is, emerging adults reporting high ODD symptoms demonstrated no relationship between their ODD symptoms and harsh parenting, suggesting an ineffective coercive process.
Clinical Markers of Anxiety Subtypes in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Broen Martinus P. G. , Leentjens A. F. G. , Hinkle J. T. , Moonen A. J. H. , Kuijf M. L. , Fischer N. M. , Perepezko K. , Bakker A. , Pontone G. M.
Published: March 2018

Objective:

The aim of this work was to investigate marker profiles for proposed anxiety subtypes in Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods:

We used the persistent anxiety, episodic anxiety, and avoidance behavior subscales of the Parkinson Anxiety Scale as dependent variables in multivariable linear regression analyses using a cross-sectional data set of 311 patients with PD. Independent variables consisted of a range of demographic, psychiatric, and disease-specific markers.

Results:

In the most parsimonious model of persistent anxiety, higher Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores, a history of anxiety, fewer years of education, lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores, lower Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores, female sex, and complications of therapy (higher Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale part IV scores) were all associated with more severe persistent anxiety. Markers associated with more severe episodic anxiety included PD-specific disturbances of activities of daily living, complications of therapy, higher Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores, female sex, and a history of anxiety. Finally, higher Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores, a history of anxiety, complications of therapy, and longer disease duration were associated with avoidance behavior. After excluding clinically depressed patients with PD, disease severity and longer disease duration were significantly associated with episodic anxiety, but not with persistent anxiety.

Conclusion:

Persistent anxiety is mainly influenced by nonspecific markers, while episodic anxiety seems to be more PD-specific compared to persistent anxiety and may be more situational or contextual. These results provide support for possible distinct underlying constructs for anxiety subtypes in PD.
A Legal Perspective on the Organization–Volunteer Relationship
Authors: Mead Joseph
Published: March 2018

How does law view and shape the relationship between nonprofit organization and volunteer? To address this question, I draw on information from statutes, court decisions, and agency guidance from both the federal and state law in the United States. In general, “volunteer” is not a legally defined category in the United States, leaving a volunteer’s legal status to depend on whether the volunteering aligns with other, recognized types of relationships, such as employer–employee, principal–agent, or program–participant. By providing a synthesis of these varied legal rules as they apply to volunteers working for a nonprofit organization, this piece identifies different ways of describing the relationship between organization and volunteer, and the legal obligations and benefits that flow as a result.
A blastema-predominant canine renal nephroblastoma with gingival metastasis: case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Bo , Li Wen-Ta , Wang Fun-In
Published: March 2018

Nephroblastomas are uncommon embryonal tumors in dogs. We report herein a blastema-predominant nephroblastoma with gingival metastasis in an 8-y-old Miniature Pinscher dog. Histologically, the mass was composed mainly of blastemal elements with minor epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Metastatic masses in the gingiva had histologic and immunohistochemical features similar to those of the primary renal nephroblastoma. Neoplastic cells were extensively positive for both vimentin and PAX8, and scattered positive for cytokeratin. Using the clinical staging of human Wilms tumor, we staged our case as stage IV with <4 mo of survival time. We summarized previous studies of canine renal and spinal nephroblastomas, and analyzed the correlations among clinical staging, histologic classification, and mean survival time of dogs with renal nephroblastomas. Clinical staging was significantly correlated with survival time, as shown in humans. In dogs, however, additional factors can potentially influence the outcome of treatment and disease development.
Histologic characterization of eosinophilic encephalitis in horses in Florida
Authors: Zoll Whitney M. , Prakoso Dhani , Dark Michael , Liu Junjie , Stockdale-Walden Heather , Long Maureen T.
Published: March 2018

Eosinophils within the central nervous system are abnormal and are usually associated with fungal or parasitic infections in horses. Causative agents include Halicephalobus gingivalis, Sarcocystis neurona, and Neospora hughesi. Confirmation of these organisms via specific testing is typically not performed, and final diagnoses are often presumptive. With molecular technology, many of these organisms can now be confirmed. This is important for emerging and zoonotic pathogens, including Angiostrongylus cantonensis, an emerging parasite of interest in the southeastern United States. We retrospectively analyzed eosinophilic encephalitides in Floridian horses for H. gingivalis, S. neurona, and A. cantonensis, applied descriptors to equine eosinophilic encephalitides, and determined if a relationship existed between these descriptions and specific etiologic agents. In a database search for horses with eosinophilic and other encephalitides submitted to the University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Anatomic Pathology Service, we identified 27 horses with encephalitis, and performed DNA isolation and rtPCR on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from these cases. Real-time PCR identified 6 horses positive for S. neurona and 4 horses positive for H. gingivalis; all horses were negative for A. cantonensis. All 25 control horses were negative for H. gingivalis, S. neurona, and A. cantonensis. Pattern analysis and eosinophil enumeration were not useful in differentiating among causes of eosinophilic encephalitides in horses in our study.
Assessing Two Measurements of Self-Control for Juvenile Delinquency in China
Authors: Weng Xue , Chui Wing Hong
Published: March 2018

The purpose of the present study is to examine the theoretical efficiency of Hirschi’s reconceptualization of self-control in two groups of Chinese adolescents. The study also incorporates the well-established attitudinal scale from Grasmick et al. to examine whether there are any differences in the explanatory power between the two self-control scales among a comparison group of Chinese adolescents ( N = 2,048). Structural equation modeling is applied to investigate the underlying theoretical structure of the self-control construct and the robustness of the scales across diverse samples. Our results provide evidence that Grasmick’s attitudinal scale has more explanatory power than that of Hirschi’s revised measure in predicting Chinese juvenile delinquency. Both measures show a better model fit in the offender sample than in the student counterparts. Our empirical test provides solid evidence for Grasmick’s attitudinal scale as a consistent predictor of Chinese juvenile delinquency compared with Hirschi’s revised measure. Theoretical and empirical directions for future research are discussed.
A Qualitative Study of Black Married Couples’ Relationships With Their Extended Family Networks
Authors: St. Vil Noelle M. , McDonald Katrina Bell , Cross-Barnet Caitlin
Published: March 2018

Historically extended family networks have been identified as contributing to the resiliency of Black families. However, little is known about how extended family networks impact the lives of Black married couples. What we do know largely stems from quantitative research. Using a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews, we examine extended family network relationships among 47 Black couples from the Contemporary Black Marriage Study who had been married for more than 5 years. Black married couples’ relationship with extended family networks affects the marriage through the following acts: (a) extended family living, (b) childcare, (c) advice and emotional support, and (d) interfamilial conflict. The four themes influenced Black marriages in various ways. This study has implications for social workers working with married couples.
Outcome of Percutaneous Fixation of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Rozis Meletis , Benetos Ioannis S. , Karampinas Panagiotis , Polyzois Vasilios , Vlamis John , Pneumaticos Spyros G.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Conservative treatment of an acute Achilles rupture remains a viable and acceptable option as does surgical fixation, with open and percutaneous repair consisting the main operative techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and complication rates of open versus percutaneous surgical procedures.

Methods:

From 2009 to 2016, 131 patients were admitted to our department with clinically and radiologically confirmed acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Of those, 82 patients met our inclusion criteria and were randomized into 2 groups, group A (open repair) and group B (percutaneous suturing). Suture equipment was the same for both groups. All patients followed the same rehabilitation protocol. Functional evaluation was made using American Orthopaedic Ankle & Foot Society (AOFAS) hindfoot and Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) questionnaires at the 12-month follow-up. Ankle range of motion (ROM), return-to-work time, and complication rates were additionally measured.

Results:

Both techniques had similar results regarding complication rates and return-to-work time. The major complication in group A was superficial infection (7%) and skin necrosis (3%), whereas 3 patients in group B developed paresthesias due to sural nerve entrapment. Patients in group B had better AOFAS hindfoot (96/100) and ATRS (95/100) scores, but the difference was not significant. ROM was similar in both groups at the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Percutaneous suturing seems to be a safe and effective technique that offers good functional outcomes and low complication rates in patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures who elect to have surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective case series.
Intraoperative Findings of Lateral Ligament Avulsion Fractures and Outcome After Refixation to the Fibula
Authors: Diallo Jasmin , Wagener Joe , Schweizer Christine , Lang Tamara Horn , Ruiz Roxa , Hintermann Beat
Published: March 2018

Background:

An acute ankle sprain can result in a bony avulsion of the lateral ankle ligaments. The extent of concomitant lesions and subsequent instability patterns are not clearly understood. The high incidence of old avulsion fractures found in symptomatic chronic ankle instability may indicate the need for primary fixation.

Methods:

Ten patients (5 male, 5 female; mean age, 34 years; range, 15–64 years) with bony avulsion fractures of the fibula after acute ankle sprains were included. All patients were treated after a mean of 7.7 days (range, 2–17 days) with screw fixation of the fragment to the fibula. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed, and the extent of ligament injury was documented.

Results:

The anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament were found to be attached to the avulsion fragment. The average size was 6.3 mm (range, 4–9 mm) in width from anterior to posterior and 5.2 mm (range, 4–7 mm) in length from superior to inferior. The displacement of the fragment increased under varus stress. Two patients had cartilage lesions in the lateral talus. After a mean follow-up period of 2.4 years (range, 2–4 years), all were clinically and radiographically stable, and patients were satisfied.

Conclusions:

It was observed arthroscopically that the anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament were attached to the fragment. This is critical because motion between the fragment and the fibula may prevent spontaneous healing. Primary fixation of the fragment prevented rotational instability and was efficient to restore function and stability.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Opioids in Cardiovascular Disease: Therapeutic Options
Authors: Rawal Hemangi , Patel Bhoomika M.
Published: March 2018

The World Health Organization suggests that the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of mortality and account for two-thirds of the deaths all over the world. These diseases kill about 17 million people every year and 3 in every 10 deaths are due to these diseases. The past decade has seen considerable improvements in diagnosis as well as treatment of various heart diseases. Various new therapeutic targets are being identified through in-depth knowledge of the disease mechanisms which has favored the testing of new strategies leading to newer treatment options. Opioid peptides and G-protein-coupled opioid receptors (ORs) have been previously studied widely in terms of central nervous system actions in mitigating the pain and drug abuse. The OR agonism or antagonism induces cytoprotective states in the myocardium, rendering these receptors as an attractive target for protection of heart from the fatal heart diseases. The opioids can provide an extended window of protection of the heart from various diseases. Although the mechanisms may not be fully understood, they seem to play a crucial role in various CVDs such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease myocardial ischemia, and congestive heart failure. Since these compounds are already being used in acute and chronic pain, soon these compounds might be approved for use as cardioprotective agents. The following review focuses on the new information acquired on the role of the ORs in various CVDs.
Effects of Government Dialogic Competency: The MERS Outbreak and Implications for Public Health Crises and Political Legitimacy
Authors: Yang Sung-Un
Published: March 2018

During the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak, South Korean citizens blamed the government for the lack of dialogue between the government and its publics, low credibility of risk information, and prevalent rumors reported in media. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to examine the role of government dialogic competency and credibility of risk information in negative government–public relationship outcomes and (b) to examine the effects of negative government–public relationship outcomes. The findings of an online survey support the proposed hypotheses, linking the theories of dialogic communication and relationship management in public relations.
Reducing Harm From Media: A Meta-Analysis of Parental Mediation
Authors: Chen Liang , Shi Jingyuan
Published: March 2018

This research investigated the effectiveness of parental mediation on reducing harm from media. Specifically, it examined the magnitude of the effects of three main parental mediation strategies on reducing the amount of media use and the incidence of media-related risks. A meta-analysis was conducted using 52 empirical studies on parental mediation, which represented a total sample of 74,159 participants and yielded 122 independent correlations. The results indicated that restrictive mediation was more effective than active mediation in decreasing the amount of time children spent on media, whereas the effects of active mediation and co-using were greater than those of restrictive mediation on reducing the incidence of media-related risks. According to the moderator analyses, age, risk type, medium, and culture significantly moderated the effects of active and restrictive mediation on reducing the amount of media use and the incidence of media-related risks.
Clinical Efficacy of Diphenylcyclopropenone Immunotherapy as Monotherapy for Multiple Viral Warts
Authors: Park Jun Yeong , Park Bok Won , Cho Eun Byul , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Kwang Joong
Published: March 2018

Background:

Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) immunotherapy for viral warts has been used for many years, but no studies have analyzed the treatment effects of DPCP alone, without the use of conventional therapy before immunotherapy.

Objectives:

We evaluated clinical efficacy of DPCP monotherapy compared to cryotherapy and pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy. We also assessed the impact of initial sensitization on clinical response.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 250 patients with multiple viral warts between January 2008 and December 2015.

Results:

The DPCP-only group (n = 43) showed a lower clinical response (75.6%) than the cryotherapy-only group (n = 171, 89.8%, P < .01) and PDL-only group (n = 36, 90.3%, P < .01). The positive clinical response was 76.3% (119/156) in the successful sensitization group (n = 21) and 74.4% in the failed sensitization group ( P = .870).

Conclusions:

DPCP monotherapy has a lower clinical response than conventional therapy. Initial sensitization to DPCP does not predict a failed response with continued immunotherapy for viral warts.
Deep brain stimulation for people with Alzheimer’s disease: Anticipating potential effects on the tripartite self
Authors: Viaña John Noel M. , Gilbert Frederic
Published: March 2018

Memory dysfunction and cognitive impairments due to Alzheimer’s disease can affect the selfhood and identity of afflicted individuals, causing distress to both people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers. Recently, a number of case studies and clinical trials have been conducted to determine the potential of deep brain stimulation as a therapeutic modality for people with Alzheimer’s disease. Some of these studies have shown that deep brain stimulation could induce flashbacks and stabilize or even improve memory. However, deep brain stimulation itself has also been attributed as a potential threat to identity and selfhood, especially when procedure-related adverse events arise. We anticipate potential effects of deep brain stimulation for people with Alzheimer’s disease on selfhood, reconciling information from medical reports, psychological, and sociological investigations on the impacts of deep brain stimulation or Alzheimer’s disease on selfhood. A tripartite model of the self that extends the scope of Rom Harré’s and Steve Sabat’s social constructionist framework was used. In this model, potential effects of deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer’s disease on Self 1 or singularity through use of first-person indexicals, and gestures of self-reference, attribution, and recognition; Self 2 or past and present attributes, knowledge of these characteristics, and continuity of narrative identity; and Self 3 or the relational and social self are explored. The ethical implications of potential effects of deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer’s disease on the tripartite self are then highlighted, focusing on adapting informed consent procedures and care provided throughout the trial to account for both positive and negative plausible effects on Self 1, Self 2, and Self 3.
Physician decision making in anticoagulating atrial fibrillation: a prospective survey of a physician notification system for atrial fibrillation detected on cardiac implantable electronic devices of patients at increased risk of stroke
Authors: Cloutier Justin M. , Khoo Clarence , Hiebert Brett , Wassef Anthony , Seifer Colette M.
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a physician notification system for atrial fibrillation (AF) detected on cardiac devices, and to assess predictors of anticoagulation in patients with device-detected AF.

Methods:

In 2013, a physician notification system for AF detected on a patient’s CIED [including pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices] was implemented, with a recommendation to consider oral anticoagulation in high-risk patients. We prospectively investigated the effectiveness of this system, and evaluated both patient and physician predictors of anticoagulation, as well as factors influencing physician decision making in prescribing anticoagulation. Both uni- and multivariable analysis as well as descriptive statistics were used in the analysis.

Results:

We identified 177 patients with device-detected AF, 126 with a CHADS2 ⩾2. Only 41% were prescribed anticoagulation at any point within 12 months. On multivariable analysis, stroke risk as predicted by CHADS2 was not a predictor of anticoagulation. ASA use predicted a lower rate of anticoagulation (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.97, p = 0.04); physicians in practice for <20 years were more likely to prescribe anticoagulation (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.28–8.93, p = 0.01); and physicians who believed both cardiologist and family doctor should be involved in managing anticoagulation were more likely to prescribe anticoagulation (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.02–10.5, p = 0.05).

Conclusions:

Patients on aspirin were less likely to be anticoagulated. Physicians in practice for <20 years and who believed that both the general practitioner and cardiologist should be involved in managing anticoagulants were more likely to prescribe anticoagulation.
Differential mRNA expression of inflammasome genes NLRP1 and NLRP3 in abdominal aneurysmal and occlusive aortic disease
Authors: Gonzalez-Hidalgo Carmen , De Haro Joaquin , Bleda Silvia , Cañibano Cristina , Michel Ignacio , Acin Francisco
Published: March 2018

NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes might differentially mediate the chronic inflammatory response in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and aortic occlusive disease (AOD). We measure differential relative gene expression of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in aortic tissues from 30 patients undergoing AAA open repair compared to aortic biopsies from 30 patients undergoing surgery to treat AOD. Aortic wall samples from autopsy without aortic disease were used as controls. NLRP3 was overexpressed in patients with AAA and AOD (RQ 1.185 ± 0.15, and 1.098 ± 0.05, respectively) compared to donors (RQ 1.001 ± 0.08) (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–4.3, p < 0.05 for AAA and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.8, p < 0.05 for AOD). NLRP1 gene expression was significantly upregulated in patients with AOD (RQ 1.197 ± 0.09). Meanwhile, NLRP1 was normal expressed in AAA (RQ 1.003 ± 0.07) as well as in autopsy aortic specimens (RQ 1.005 ± 0.11). Enhanced NLRP1 expression in AOD was even significant when compared to AAA (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–3.3, p < 0.05) or controls (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–3.1, p < 0.05). According to our findings, NLRP3 could be involved in the common etiology of AAA and AOD, whereas NLRP1 appears to have a specific role in AOD development.
Pole force and inertial measurements to analyze cross-country skiing performance in field conditions
Authors: Nikkola Antti , Särkkä Olli , Suuriniemi Saku , Kettunen Lauri
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the fusion of pole force measurement, inertial speed measurement, and video analysis to determine cross-country skiing performance in field conditions. As a proof of concept, a preliminary study was performed with different grip designs and double poling technique. The test showed that with exploiting inertial measurements, the average speed could be determined for any number of full cycles or separately for each cycle, which may be difficult with other methods in field conditions. The exploited measurements were appropriate for determining the key characteristics of the double poling cycle, which along with the estimated speed data can be used for comparing skiing economy, determining maximum performance, and finding differences in ski equipment.
High Tibial Osteotomy Performed With All-PEEK Implants Demonstrates Similar Outcomes but Less Hardware Removal at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up Compared With Metal Plates
Authors: Roberson Troy A. , Momaya Amit M. , Adams Kyle , Long Catherine D. , Tokish John M. , Wyland Douglas J.
Published: March 2018

Background:

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a valuable treatment option in the high-demand patient with chondral damage and an altered mechanical axis. Traditional opening wedge HTO performed with metal plates has several limitations, including hardware irritation, obscuration of detail on magnetic resonance imaging, and complexity of revision surgery. Recently, an all-polyetheretherketone (PEEK) HTO implant was introduced, but no studies to date have evaluated the performance of this implant with minimum 2-year outcomes compared with a traditional metal plate.

Purpose:

To compare patient outcomes and complications of HTO performed using a traditional metal plate with those performed using an all-PEEK implant.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All patients who underwent HTO by a single surgeon with a minimum 2-year follow-up over a 4-year period were identified. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, concomitant procedures, implant used, type and degree of correction, complications, reoperations, and failures. Recorded patient outcomes included EuroQol–5 dimensions (EQ-5D), resiliency, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Tegner activity level scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores. HTO performed using a traditional metal plate served as the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test for continuous variables and chi-square analysis for nonparametric data, with P < .05 considered significant.

Results:

A total of 41 patients (21 in the all-PEEK group, 20 in the control group) were identified with greater than 2-year follow-up. The mean patient age was 44 years, and there were no differences between the groups with regard to demographics, degree of correction, or concomitant procedures. In addition, no significant differences were found for any of the patient-reported outcomes. Complications (10% vs 15%, respectively; P = .59), failures (10% vs 5%, respectively; P = .58), and reoperations (10% vs 30%, respectively; P = .10) were similar for the all-PEEK and control groups. However, the all-PEEK group did not have any hardware removal, while 4 patients in the control group underwent hardware removal ( P = .03).

Conclusion:

This study suggests that an all-PEEK implant may be safely used with comparable outcomes and complication rates to the traditional method but with less need for hardware removal.
A 60-Year-Old Female With Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of the Scalp Responding to Ipilimumab
Authors: Lohrenz Sarah , Crawford Jennifer , Souf Shawki
Published: March 2018

Melanoma is an aggressive disease that accounts for approximately 75% of skin cancer-related deaths. In the past, treatment options for patients with advanced stage melanoma have been limited with poor response rate and failure to improve overall survival (OS). Immunotherapy is a promising treatment that has been shown to improve OS and in cases produce durable remissions—a novel concept in the treatment of advanced melanoma. We report a case of advanced stage metastatic malignant melanoma of the scalp with a durable (31 months) response to ipilimumab immunotherapy. This is the first case study reporting long-term, progression-free response to ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma without side effects of therapy. This case adds to the evidence supporting early referral and initiation of ipilimumab in patients who can tolerate it, with the goal of producing a sustained treatment-free response and preserved quality of life.
Synovial Chondromatosis in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Thorburn Casey , Hopkins John , Cook Donald , Seal Shane
Published: March 2018

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a benign proliferative metaplasia of joint synovium into cartilaginous tissue. The relative scarcity of presentation in the wrist or hands contributes to the difficulties in accurately diagnosing and obtaining the necessary treatment for SC. We present a 43-year-old man with a 10-month history of stiffness and decreased range of motion of his right first metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. On examination, a firm mass was palpated surrounding his MCP joint. X-rays showed only a joint effusion. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an effusion, high signal intensity joint distension, and small erosions. Surgical exploration and complete synovectomy with excision of loose bodies was performed. The pathological diagnosis, based on the clinical examination as well as MRI, was consistent with that of tenosynovial chondromatosis. This case illustrates surgical exploration and pathological investigations may be necessary for SC diagnosis. The literature was reviewed for greater understanding of SC’s presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
MicroRNA-17-92 is required for T-cell and B-cell pathogenicity in chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice
Authors: Wu Yongxia , Schutt Steven , Paz Katelyn , Zhang Mengmeng , Flynn Ryan P. , Bastian David , Sofi M. Hanief , Nguyen Hung , Dai Min , Liu Chen , Chang Ying-Jun , Blazar Bruce R. , Yu Xue-Zhong
Published: March 2018

Key Points

miR-17-92 mediates the progression of scleroderma and bronchiolitis obliterans in cGVHD by enhancing T- and B-cell responses. Pharmacologically blocking the activity of miR-17-92 with an anti–miR-17 antagomir effectively alleviates cGVHD.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis in response to glucose by suppressing PTEN
Authors: Ran Hui , Zhu Yemin , Deng Ruyuan , Zhang Qi , Liu Xisheng , Feng Ming , Zhong Jie , Lin Shuhai , Tong Xuemei , Su Qing
Published: March 2018

Background

Diabetic patients have a higher risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the main enzyme responsible for producing monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) from saturated fatty acids, is frequently deregulated in both diabetes and CRC. The function and mechanism of SCD1 in metastasis of CRC and its relevance to glucose remains largely unknown.

Methods

SCD1 expression levels were analyzed in human CRC tissues and the Cancer Browser database (https://genome-cancer.ucsc.edu/). CRC cell lines stably transfected with SCD1 shRNAs or vector were established to investigate the role of SCD1 in modulating migration and invasion of CRC cells. A glucose concentration gradient was set to investigate regulation of SCD1 in CRC relevant to diabetic conditions.

Results

The clinical data analysis showed high expression of SCD1 in CRC tissues with a negative correlation with the prognosis of CRC. In vitro experiments revealed that SCD1 increased CRC progression through promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Lipidomic analysis demonstrated that SCD1 increased MUFA levels and MUFA administration could rescue migration and invasion defect of CRC cells induced by SCD1 knockdown. Furthermore, SCD1-mediated progression of CRC was promoted by carbohydrate response-element binding protein (ChREBP) in response to high glucose. Mechanistically, hyperglycemia-SCD1-MUFA induced CRC cell migration and invasion by regulating PTEN.

Conclusions

Our findings show that SCD1 promotes metastasis of CRC cells through MUFA production and suppressing PTEN in response to glucose, which may be a novel mechanism for diabetes-induced CRC metastasis.